abstract: BACKGROUND: Experimental data have suggested that @entity2332 (32-34 degrees C) may improve outcome after @entity1779 , but its efficacy has not yet been established conclusively in @entity1 . In this study we examined the feasibility and safety of deliberate moderate perioperative @entity2332 during operations for @entity510 . METHODS: A total of 359 operations for @entity438 were included in this prospective study. By using cold intravenous infusions (4 degrees C) and convective cooling our aim was to reduce the @entity1 's core temperature to more than 34 degrees C within 1 h before operation. The protocol assessed @entity260 such as @entity281 , prolonged mechanical ventilation, @entity358 and @entity1003 . RESULTS: During surgery, the body temperature was reduced to a mean of 32.5 (SD 0.4) degrees C. Cooling was accomplished at a rate of 4.0 (SD 0.4) degrees C h(-1). All @entity1 were normothermic at 5 (sd 2) h postoperatively. Peri/ @entity260 included circulatory instability (n=36, 10%), @entity943 (n=17, 5%) @entity854 and blood transfusion (n=169, 47%), @entity281 (n=29, 8%) and @entity358 (infiltrate or @entity4 while on ventilatory support) (n=97, 27%). Eighteen @entity1 died within 30 days (5%). There was no significant correlation between the extent of @entity2332 and any of the complications. However, there was a strong correlation between the occurrence of complications and the severity of the underlying @entity16 as assessed by the Hunt and Hess score. CONCLUSION: Moderate @entity2332 accomplished within 1 h of induction of anaesthesia and maintained during surgery for @entity510 appears to be a safe method as far as the risks of peri/ @entity260 such as circulatory instability, coagulation @entity281 are concerned.

title: Moderate @entity2332 for 359 operations to clip XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathies']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'abnormalities and infections']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical safety and accuracy of qualitative blood culture drawn through the hub for ruling out @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ). DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective observational study in a surgical intensive care unit. @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity295 of unknown origin and possibly due to a @entity1212 . INTERVENTIONS: Blood culture drawn through a central venous catheter (CVC) just before the catheter was cultured. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: In 126 @entity1 we investigated 135 cases of @entity295 of unknown origin. Using a clinical and bacteriological approach as the reference, the performance of the CVC blood culture was evaluated by the calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. When CVC blood culture was positive, the time to positivity was considered. Using standard definitions, seven CRIs were diagnosed. CVC blood culture identified five CRIs including the three episodes of @entity2259 . The method missed two coagulase-negative staphylococcus CRIs without @entity2259 . Thirteen false-positive results occurred, including seven @entity2259 from a distant source. The CVC blood culture had a sensitivity of 71% (CI 30-95%), specificity of 90% (CI 83-94%), negative predictive value of 98% (CI 93-100%), and positive predictive value of 28% (CI 11-54%). In cases of @entity2259 the time to positivity of CVC blood culture was 24 h or less. CONCLUSIONS: Negative CVC blood culture at 24 h seems useful for management of CVC in selected @entity3124 surgical @entity1 developing a @entity922 . The subsequent risk of @entity2259 cannot be excluded advocating for an uninterrupted clinical and bacteriological survey.

title: Hub qualitative blood culture is useful for diagnosis of @entity1212 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['CRI', 'catheter-related infection']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'bacteremias', 'catheter-related bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical sepsis']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the efficacy of @entity1891 and @entity5713 in the treatment of complicated @entity2695 . DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Charts were reviewed to identify @entity1 treated with @entity1891 or @entity5713 for complicated @entity2695 from August 2002 to October 2007. Only @entity1 who received both a pre and post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were considered. A database was created which includes @entity1 gender, age at treatment initiation, rationale for treatment, @entity2695 location, number of cycles of chemotherapy received, and complications of treatment. A single pediatric radiologist calculated lesion volumes from both pre and post-treatment MRI which were compared to quantify treatment response. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 (2 male, 5 female) met criteria. Mean age at treatment initiation was 20 weeks (median 14, range 5-60). Rationale for treatment included four @entity1 (57%) with @entity5768 /orbital compromise and one @entity1 each (14%) with @entity712 , airway compression, and @entity14311 with rapid growth of @entity75 . @entity1 received a mean of 2.86 cycles of chemotherapy (median 3, range 1-5). @entity75 were identified and analyzed for pre and post-treatment volume on MRI in the seven @entity1 . Eleven of twelve (92%) lesions decreased in size after treatment. The mean volume ratio of @entity2695 at the conclusion of chemotherapy was 0.45 compared to pre-treatment size (median 0.18, range 0-2.19) Orbital compromise, airway compression, and @entity712 either improved or resolved in all @entity1 . Three complications of treatment were seen in seven @entity1 (42%) including @entity2259 with @entity417 , @entity1897 and @entity1957 . All complications resolved after cessation of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of complicated @entity2695 with @entity1891 or @entity5713 can control growth and improve symptoms in the majority of @entity1 . Treatment often requires multiple cycles of chemotherapy. Complications of treatment are common, but reversible.

title: Management of complicated XXXX with @entity1891 / @entity5713 : Quantitative response to therapy using MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Twelve lesions', 'multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['proptosis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor delay']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity14311 :: ('MESH:C566283', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangiomas']


abstract: We investigated the effects of @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and SOD linked to Ficoll (mol. wt = 400,000) on the changes in pulmonary transvascular fluid and protein exchange following pulmonary microembolism induced with alpha-thrombin. Studies were made in chronically prepared unanesthetized @entity742 with lung lymph fistulas. Control thrombin challenged @entity742 (n = 5) were compared to animals infused with SOD (the SOD-thrombin group, n = 5) or animals infused with SOD linked to high molecular weight Ficoll (the Ficoll-SOD-thrombin group, n = 6). The Ficoll-SOD-thrombin animals were also compared to animals infused with Ficoll alone (the Ficoll-thrombin group, n = 4). In the control-thrombin group, thrombin induced sustained increases in the pulmonary transvascular protein clearance (pulmonary lymph flow X lymph/plasma protein concentration ratio) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). In the SOD-thrombin group, thrombin initially increased both pulmonary transvascular protein clearance and PVR; however, the later increases in protein clearance and PVR were blunted. The pulmonary reflection coefficients for total protein (sigma), a measure of vascular permeability to protein, decreased from a value of 0.70 +/- 0.03 in normal @entity742 to 0.60 +/- 0.01 following thrombin challenge (p less than 0.05) indicating an increase in lung vascular permeability. The sigma value in the SOD-treated animals was 0.70 +/- 0.02, indicating a protective effect of SOD. The infusion of the Ficoll-SOD complex also attenuated the increases in pulmonary transvascular protein clearance and PVR after thrombin. However, the infusion of Ficoll alone induced a similar protection. The lymph from the SOD-thrombin and Ficoll-SOD-thrombin groups prevented the reduction of ferricytochrome C by @entity3624 / @entity3624 oxidase, whereas, the lymph from the Ficoll-thrombin animals did not have this effect, indicating SOD activity was present in the animals receiving the enzyme but not in the group infused with Ficoll alone. Differences in the degree of @entity5642 could not explain the response to Ficoll since the decreases in fibrinogen concentration following the thrombin were similar in all the groups. Since Ficoll and related dextrans may modify neutrophil function, in particular neutrophil adherence to the endothelium, we examined the effects of Ficoll on neutrophil adherence. The results indicated that when Ficoll was added to the endothelial medium Ficoll reduced the increase adherence of neutrophils to the endothelial cell monolayer. Therefore, Ficoll as a carrier for SOD may provide a direct protection in models of @entity1317 that are dependent on neutrophils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity224 dismutase prevents the thrombin-induced increase in lung vascular permeability: role of XXXX in mediating the alterations in lung fluid balance.

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['lung vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: PSK-alpha is a disulfated peptide that acts as a growth factor in plants. PSK-alpha is derived from preproproteins which are encoded by five PSK precursor genes in @entity958 and is perceived by @entity368 -rich repeat receptor kinases. @entity958 has two PSK receptor genes, @entity19866 and @entity19867 . Although ligand and receptor are well characterized, the biological functions of PSK signaling are not well understood. Using reporter lines and receptor knockout mutants of @entity958 , a role for PSK signaling in biotic interactions and in wounding was analyzed. Treatment of @entity958 leaves with the fungal elicitor E-Fol, or the fungal pathogens Alternaria brassicicola and @entity19868 resulted in induction of PSK2 and @entity19866 as shown by promoter:GUS analysis. Wounding of hypocotyls or leaves induced @entity19869 :GUS, @entity19870 :GUS and @entity19866 :GUS expression indicating that PSK precursor genes are differentially regulated in response to specific stresses. The receptor knockout lines @entity19866 -3 and @entity19867 -1 showed significantly reduced photosynthesis in response to the fungal elicitor E-Fol which indicates that @entity364 is impaired. @entity19866 -3 plants further showed reduced growth of @entity5990 after infection with @entity3261 . A role for PSK signaling in @entity3261 @entity5 growth was supported by the finding that PSK precursor genes and @entity19866 are expressed in @entity5990 . Overall, the results indicate that PSK signaling may play a previously undescribed role in pathogen or herbivore interactions and is crucial for @entity3261 -induced cell proliferation in crown @entity5990 formation.

title: A role for PSK signaling in wounding and microbial interactions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens', 'Agrobacterium']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity19868 :: ('5180', 'Species') :: ['Sclerotinia sclerotiorum']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['crown galls', 'gall']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal defence']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: @entity2059 is a systemic @entity10998 with a broad-spectrum antifungal effect which belongs to a standard choice for the treatment of @entity15231 . Thirty-four @entity1 with acute and 26 @entity1 with recurrent form of culture documented attacks of @entity15231 were evaluated. There was frequent discrepancy between severe symptoms and weaker signs in @entity1 with recurrent form than in the group with acute sporadic form. Eighteen @entity1 with the acute form and 13 @entity1 with the recurrent form of @entity15231 received 1-day therapy (twice 200 mg of @entity2059 in 1 day). Sixteen @entity1 with the acute form and 13 @entity1 with the recurrent form received 3-day therapy (200 mg of @entity2059 daily for three following days). The cure rates 1 month after treatment were 97.1 and 76.9% in @entity1 with the acute sporadic and recurrent form of @entity15231 , respectively. Positive cultures in the latter group documented relapses. These clinical failures were not related to the resistance of @entity375 to @entity2059 . With the exception of one case of @entity1665 areata, side effects were minimal. The application of the long-term regimens and suppressive therapy with @entity5638 drugs is suggested in @entity1 with recurrent @entity15231 .

title: @entity2059 in the treatment of acute and recurrent XXXX : comparison of a 1-day and a 3-day regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity15231 :: ('MESH:D014848', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal candidosis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole', 'itraconazole']

answer: @entity15231 :: (MESH:D014848,Disease) :: ['vulvovaginal candidosis']


abstract: Sphingolipids are important components of eukaryotic membranes, particularly the plasma membrane, and are involved in a diverse array of signal transduction processes. In the Eukaryota the biosynthetic pathway for the formation of these lipid species is largely conserved. However, in contrast to mammals which produce @entity4291 (SM), several pathogenic fungi and protozoa synthesize @entity13741 ( @entity5524 ) as the primary phosphosphingolipid. This process is catalyzed by the enzyme IPC synthase, a recognized target for anti-fungals encoded by the @entity17738 gene in @entity375 . Recently, functional orthologues of the @entity17738 have been identified in a group of insect vector-borne pathogenic protozoa, the Kinetoplastida, which are responsible for a range of so-called neglected diseases. Of these the @entity3177 species are the causative agents of @entity1 @entity7247 in many of the most under-developed regions of Africa. The available treatments for these diseases are limited, of decreasing efficacy, and often demonstrate severe side-effects. Against this background the @entity3177 sphingolipid synthase, an orthologue of the @entity375 @entity17738 , may represent a promising target for novel anti-protozoals. Our studies identify an isoform of this protein as a novel bi-functional enzyme capable of catalyzing the synthesis of both IPC and SM, both known to be present in the parasite. Furthermore, the synthase is essential for parasite growth and can be inhibited by a known anti-fungal at low nanomolar levels in vitro. Most notably this drug demonstrates trypanocidal activity against cultured bloodstream form parasites. Thus, the @entity3177 sphingolipid synthase represents a valid and promising drug target.

title: The XXXX sphingolipid synthase, an essential enzyme and drug target.

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei', 'T. brucei']

entities_list: @entity13741 :: ('MESH:C477937', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphorylceramide']

entities_list: @entity7247 :: ('MESH:D014353', 'Disease') :: ['African trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity3177 :: (5691,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suicide represents one of the leading causes of @entity130 in industrialized countries. However, when compared with unintentional @entity130 and assault, the outcome of self-inflicted @entity130 has not been well described. METHODS: All @entity1 admitted to a French academic @entity130 center from January 2002 to December 2004 and listed in a @entity130 data bank were included in a prospective analysis. Variables including mortality, circumstances (unintentional vs. assault vs. self-inflicted), and mechanism of @entity130 were recorded. RESULTS: About 1,004 continuous @entity130 @entity1 were analyzed: 151 (15%) with self-inflicted injuries, 761 (76%) with unintentional injuries, and 91 (9%) with injuries from assault. When compared with @entity1 suffering from unintentional injuries and assault, self-inflicted @entity130 @entity1 presented more frequently after a fall from height (94 of 151 vs. 133 of 759 and 0 of 91, p < 0.05) and with a severe @entity542 (47 of 151 vs. 172 of 752 and 10 of 91, p < 0.05). They also had a more severe @entity130 (Injury Severity Score, 28 +/- 21 vs. 22 +/- 16 and 12 +/- 10; p < 0.05), a lower probability of survival ( @entity130 Severity Score, 0.71 +/- 0.37 vs. 0.83 +/- 0.28 and 0.92 +/- 0.19; p < 0.05), and survival rate (70% vs. 85% and 93%, p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, @entity130 Severity Score (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.59; p < 0.001), age (odds ratio, 1.17; confidence interval, 1.02-1.34; p < 0.05), and mechanism of @entity130 (p = 0.01) were independently correlated with the final mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: Self-inflicted @entity130 @entity1 presented with a higher mortality rate that was related to @entity130 severity. The circumstances surrounding the @entity130 were not independently associated with an increased odds ratio of @entity204 after major @entity130 .

title: Are XXXX with self-inflicted injuries more likely to die?

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma Related Injury', 'increased injury', 'trauma', 'injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how @entity158 in @entity5 @entity1 is managed by @entity1286 taken orally. DESIGN: A descriptive, retrospective study, from January 1993 to March 1994. SETTING: Primary care. Four primary care teams of the 10th Health Area of Madrid. @entity1 : 37 @entity1 with @entity5 who took @entity1286 under the supervision of primary care doctors. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Average age was 64.6 +/- 14. The most common site of the primary @entity5 was lungs (n = 6), colon (n = 4) and stomach (n = 4). All the @entity1 received conventional analgesics at first and 82% went on to weak opiates before progressing to @entity1286 . Half the @entity1 began with an oral solution of @entity1286 and the other half with long-acting tablets. Increases in the doses of @entity1286 were correct in 62% of cases. 41% of the patients took antiemetics and 55% laxatives. 82% of the bone and 100% of the brain metastases were correctly treated. CONCLUSIONS: In general, primary care doctors in our area correctly handle @entity158 caused by @entity5 . The most significant errors are to do with increases in doses of @entity1286 and with the associated use of laxatives. These can easily be rectified so that our @entity1 ' quality of life can be improved.

title: [Evaluation of primary care treatment of oncology XXXX with opiates].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['terminal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['adequately pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The efficacy and @entity137 of low-dose, weekly oral @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) therapy for @entity625 was evaluated. Fifty-nine @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity625 who had failed to respond to or developed @entity137 to gold, @entity2361 , or @entity6383 therapy were treated with @entity1500 10-20 mg administered orally or intravenously once a week in divided doses. Various tests to assess @entity625 were performed upon each @entity1 's entrance into the study and at specified intervals throughout the 24-month study period. The mean duration of @entity1499 therapy was 15.5 months. @entity1 showed significant improvement in number of swollen joints, duration of @entity7127 , amount of @entity158 , and amount of activity during the study period. Of the 35 @entity1 who had had roentgenographic studies of their hands performed initially and after one year of @entity1500 therapy, 23 had no evidence of new @entity2720 after one year. Biopsies of hepatic tissue from 20 @entity1 showed no progressive changes when compared with pretreatment biopsies. Gastrointestinal symptoms, @entity75 , or small increases in liver enzyme concentrations were observed in 31 @entity1 ; three @entity1 developed @entity358 and had to be withdrawn from the study. @entity1500 is an effective agent for the treatment of @entity625 in @entity1 who do not respond to therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or slow-acting antirheumatic drugs. Short-term weekly oral @entity1500 therapy does not appear to result in clinically important @entity409 .

title: Low-dose weekly oral @entity1499 therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['mucocutaneous lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity7127 :: ('MESH:D048968', 'Disease') :: ['morning stiffness']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint erosions']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['inflammatory arthritis']


abstract: In @entity1 addicts and in animal models, chronic @entity2072 use leads to numerous alterations in glutamatergic transmission, including its receptors. The present study focused on metabotropic glutamatergic receptors type 5 ( @entity10092 ) and @entity1024 receptor subunits (NMDAR: @entity4474 , @entity4476 , @entity4319 ) proteins during @entity2072 self-administration and after 10-day of extinction training in @entity35 . To discriminate the contingent from the non-contingent @entity2072 delivery, we employed the "yoked"-triad control procedure. Protein expression in @entity35 prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and dorsal striatum was determined. We also examined the Homer1b/c protein, a member of the postsynaptic density protein family that links NMDAR to @entity10092 . Our results revealed that @entity2072 self-administration selectively increased @entity4474 and @entity4476 subunit in the @entity35 hippocampus and dorsal striatum, respectively, while @entity10092 protein expression was similarly increased in the dorsal striatum of both experimental groups. Withdrawal from both contingent and non-contingent @entity2072 delivery induced parallel increases in prefrontal cortical @entity4476 protein expression, hippocampal @entity10092 , and @entity4474 protein expression as well as in accumbal @entity4474 subunit expression, while the @entity10092 expression was reduced in the prefrontal cortex. Extinction training in animals with a history of @entity2072 self-administration resulted in an elevation of the hippocampal @entity4476 / @entity4319 subunits and accumbal @entity10092 , and in a 50  % decrease of @entity10092 protein expression in the dorsal striatum. The latter reduction was associated with Homer1b/1c protein level decrease. Our results showed that both contingent and non-contingent @entity2072 administration produces numerous, brain region specific, alterations in the @entity10092 , @entity143 , and Homer1b/1c protein expression which are dependent on the modality of @entity2072 administration.

title: Withdrawal from @entity2072 Self-administration and Yoked @entity2072 Delivery Dysregulates Glutamatergic mGlu5 and XXXX Receptors in the @entity35 Brain.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a new method to regenerate articular cartilage of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) by transplantation of free autogenous costal perichondrium (PC). STUDY DESIGN: In the study, 50 adult @entity95 received the operation. For the surgery in the test group, the @entity95 were randomly matched in pairs within the group and underwent the surgery of cross transplantation of costal PC after trimming the articular surface of the condyle. Operations were carried out in the same way in the experimental group except for PC transplantation. Instead, the suture was stitched in stratified order in the control group. Examination methods included observation of sections under the microscope, observation of specimens under the electron microscope, @entity12914 ( @entity12914 ) staining, and biochemical analysis of @entity8686 (GA) content and collagen content. The results of different groups were compared with ANOVA. RESULTS: The transplanted homologous PC escaped observable immune repulsion so that it could survive to form new joint cartilage with approximately normal tissue structure and biochemical constitution. The reproduction process was similar to the normal one, but was prolonged a little. At the later stage, the degeneration and @entity730 in the basal layer increased. However, because of its limited scope, no apparent effect on cartilage growth and function was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Homologous xenografting of free costal PC will not result in an apparent immunorejection of the host. Instead, the grafts can maintain their existence by obtaining nutrition from surrounding tissues and regenerate cartilage tissue.

title: An experimental study on reconstruction of the condyle of the @entity1348 using free autogenous costal perichondrial grafts in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity12914 :: ('100339381(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity8686 :: ('MESH:D020723', 'Chemical') :: ['glucuronic acid']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The use of endocrine therapy in @entity0 represents one of the earliest molecular targeting strategies used in @entity5 treatment. @entity440 , a selective @entity172 -receptor (ER) modulator, has been the standard of care for @entity1 with @entity0 for the last 30 years. @entity440 suppresses the @entity172 -dependent growth of @entity0 cells by specifically targeting the ER. Because of estrogenic effects, @entity440 does not increase the risk of @entity170 , but it can lead to @entity1204 and @entity1031 . The third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) exert their tumor antiproliferative action by targeting an enzyme critical for @entity172 biosynthesis. The AIs thus have a different mechanism of action than @entity440 , and a different safety profile. The majority of adverse events (AEs) related to the AIs are mild to moderate. Most of these AEs are common to menopause and are predictable and manageable. This review looks at AI-associated side effects and current clinical management strategies, with a particular emphasis on managing bone health. Compliance with long-term therapy, strategies to improve adherence, and considerations in elderly @entity1 with hormone-responsive @entity0 are also discussed.

title: Challenges in clinical XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'receptor-positive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare 2 different interventions, global postural reeducation (GPR) and @entity400 ( @entity400 ), in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ). METHODS: A total of 28 subjects with @entity2956 were randomized into 2 treatment groups: GPR, where therapy involved muscle global chain stretching, or @entity400 , with conventional static stretching; but only 24 completed the study. Eight treatment sessions lasting 40 minutes each (weekly) were performed. Assessments were conducted at baseline, immediately after treatment end, and 2 months later. Measurements included @entity158 intensity at the temporomandibular joint, @entity10 , @entity4048 , teeth @entity2169 , restricted sleep, and difficulties for mastication, using a visual analogue scale. In addition, electromyographic activity and @entity158 thresholds were measured at the masseter, anterior temporalis, sternocleidomastoid, and upper trapezius muscles. Two-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test was used for between-group comparisons. Significance level was .05. RESULTS: Comparing the @entity158 assessments using the visual analogue scale, no significant differences were seen with the exception of severity of @entity10 at treatment end (GPR, 3.92    2.98 cm; @entity400 , 1.64    1.66 cm; P < .024). In addition, no significant differences were seen for @entity158 thresholds and for electromyographic activity (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: For the subjects in this study, both GPR and @entity400 were similarly effective for the treatment of @entity2956 with muscular component. They equally reduced @entity158 intensity, increased @entity158 thresholds, and decreased electromyographic activity.

title: Global postural reeducation and @entity400 in the treatment of XXXX : a randomized study.

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders', 'TMDs']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['static stretching exercises', 'SS']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['cervicalgia']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['clenching, ear symptoms']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['myogenic temporomandibular disorders']


abstract: Expression of keratin K5 (and @entity10802 ) in multilayered epithelia occurs predominantly in the basal layer of proliferating keratinocytes. When a keratinocyte becomes committed to terminal differentiation, it moves out of the basal layer towards the epithelial surface. As part of this program of terminal differentiation, the expression of K5 (and @entity10802 ) is downregulated in suprabasal cells, and new pairs of differentiation-specific keratins are expressed. To define the cis-acting DNA sequences required for K5 cell-type- and differentiation-specific expression, chimeric gene fusions between portions of the @entity291 keratin K5 locus and the @entity526 lacZ gene were used to generate @entity19 . In the genomic fragment consisting of 5.3 kb of 5' flanking sequences, 6.1 kb corresponding to the body of the gene and 4.5 kb of 3' flanking sequences, the subfragment extending from -5300 bp to +138 bp was the smaller region that directed lacZ expression to stratified epithelia in a manner analogous to the endogenous keratin K5. Proximal sequences from -1300 bp to +138 bp were inactive. We also determined the expression pattern of keratin K5 during @entity19 development using an antiserum specific for @entity19 keratin K5. Expression was first detected in ectodermal cells of 11.5 days postcoitum embryos, and from day 13.5 postcoitum onwards K5 was detected in the precursors of most epithelia and organs which express K5 at adult stages. This pattern was reproduced, with few differences, by the construct with sequences from -5300 bp to +138 bp fused to the lacZ gene. These findings identify sequences between -5.3 kb and -1.3 kb of the @entity291 K5 gene as being important for cell-type- and differentiation-specific gene expression both during @entity19 development and in the adult.

title: Sequences 5' of the XXXX keratin 5 gene direct tissue- and cell-type-specific expression of a lacZ gene in the adult and during development.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity101 and left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 commonly have impaired diastolic filling. However, it remains unknown whether changes in LV diastolic filling variables are associated with @entity65 and mortality. In this study, 778 @entity1 with @entity101 with electrocardiographic @entity4346 who underwent echocardiography at baseline and annually thereafter during randomized @entity9886 - or @entity2165 -based antihypertensive treatment were followed for a mean of 4.6 years. The composite cardiovascular end point was the first occurrence of fatal or nonfatal @entity583 , fatal or nonfatal @entity64 , and @entity65 . Antihypertensive therapy resulted in an increase in the prevalence of normal transmitral flow pattern from 28% to 46% of patients. Although antihypertensive treatment often resulted in a marked increase in the prevalence of normal mitral valve flow pattern, this was not associated with reduced @entity65 and mortality when adjusting for blood pressure, left atrial diameter, LV mass index, and treatment in time-varying Cox analyses. In contrast, lower in-treatment E/A ratios and shorter mitral valve deceleration times were associated with less risk for @entity712 . Similarly, normal in-treatment transmitral flow pattern was strongly associated with less risk for @entity712 (hazard ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.98, p = 0.048), even when taking in-treatment left atrial diameter and blood pressure into account. In conclusion, antihypertensive treatment in @entity1 with @entity101 with electrocardiographic @entity4346 resulted in significant improvement in transmitral flow patterns; this was not associated with reduced @entity65 and mortality. However, normal in-treatment LV filling was strongly associated with a reduced risk for hospitalization for @entity712 .

title: Prognostic significance of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in XXXX with @entity4346 and systemic @entity101 (the LIFE Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The outcome of therapy is reported in 34 previously untreated @entity1 with @entity5 treated with combination chemotherapy ( @entity900 and non- @entity900 based) and sequential radiation therapy. Sixty-nine @entity1 treated with radiotherapy alone were used as a control group. The control group was matched for T and N stage grouping but differed in that 45% had keratinizing @entity957 , 14.5% had nonkeratinizing @entity957 , and 40.6% had undifferentiated @entity189 , compared with 18%, 50%, and 32.4%, respectively in the combined-treatment group. Seventeen of 21 @entity1 (81%) who received chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy achieved complete remission (CR), whereas 11 of 13 @entity1 (85%) who received radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy achieved CR (P = NS). @entity1 treated by radiotherapy alone had a 91% CR rate. The combined treatment yielded a relapse-free rate of 78% versus 44% for the radiotherapy group (P = 0.001). Median survival in the combined-treatment group has not been reached (111+ months), compared with 67 months in the group receiving radiotherapy alone (P = 0.04). The recurrence rate at the primary site and in regional nodes was more frequent in the radiotherapy group (36%), compared with the combined-therapy group (7%) (P = 0.004), but the occurrence of distant metastases was similar in each group (P = 0.41). The acute @entity137 of the treatment was well tolerated. The major long-term toxic effect experienced by @entity1 in the combined-therapy group was soft tissue @entity82 . These data suggest that a prospective trial comparing chemotherapy and radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone is warranted.

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage (AJC IV) nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To support single-level posterior debridement and instrumented interbody fusion as a single-stage procedure for spontaneous pyogenic @entity4034 / @entity1512 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The best surgical technique for @entity1 with bacterial @entity281 is still a matter of debate. Recent publications suggest that @entity702 implants can be used safely in the infectious sites in combination with debridement and antibiotic therapy. METHODS: We retrospectively review @entity1 with spontaneous pyogenic @entity4034 / @entity1512 in whom medical therapy failed, and they consequently underwent posterior decompression and instrumented fusion. Data was collected regarding demographics, clinical presentation, images and laboratory studies, antibiotic treatment, duration of hospitalization, time to achieve radiologic evidence of fusion, @entity260 , and neurologic function pre- and postoperatively. Quality of life was measured using the EQ5D questionnaire and level of disability with the @entity717 Index. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 , ranging in age from 41 to79 years, with a Frankel score of D in 7 cases and of E in 2 cases, underwent a single-level/single-stage debridement and posterior instrumented fusion with pedicle screws and an interbody and posterolateral autogenous bone graft. @entity51 improved in all the cases and solid bone fusion was achieved in all 9 @entity1 at 12 months. The mean follow-up period was 67 months. The @entity281 healed after surgery in all the @entity1 and they did not require a second operation to remove the metal implants. Quality of life assessed with the EQ5D questionnaire showed scores ranging between 0.70 and 1. The median @entity717 Index was 15.5%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support that debridement and posterior instrumented fusion can be performed as a single-stage procedure with no increase in the recurrence rate or morbidity. The outcome has been satisfactory in our @entity1 in terms of the rate of fusion and quality of life.

title: Single-level/single-stage debridement and posterior instrumented fusion in the treatment of spontaneous pyogenic @entity4034 / XXXX : long-term functional outcome and health-related quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'spinal infections']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['discitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It has been proposed that @entity6312 may be caused by a degree of impeded proximal venous drainage (pelvic @entity432 ) in the same way that biological tubes dilate in response to an obstruction. The @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) of air-plethysmography (APG) was used to test this hypothesis. A dependency to elevation manoeuvre was used to provoke gravitational venous drainage. A rapid reduction in @entity291 volume implied good drainage. METHODS: This was a single centre, proof-of-concept study comparing gravitational venous drainage in @entity6312 @entity1 and controls. Leg filling and drainage manoeuvres (elevation to dependency and dependency to elevation) were performed three times per leg in 15 @entity1 (7 male, 8 right) and 16 controls (3 male, 8 right). The @entity1211 was measured in the same way the established venous filling index (VFI) is calculated to quantify filling: @entity1211   =   90% of venous drainage volume (90VDV)/90% venous drainage time (VDT90). RESULTS: The @entity1 were significantly older at 58 (41-75) years versus the controls 47 (18-58), p   =   0.001. There was no significant difference between the groups in weight, height, BMI or common femoral vein diameter. The @entity1 were (C2   =   8; C3   =   1, C4   =   6), VCSS 4 (1-11) with a median refluxing proximal thigh saphenous diameter of 6 (5-11) mm. The median (inter-quartile range) VFI and @entity1211 (both in mL/s) in the control tests (n   =   48) were 1.3 (0.9-1.9) and 33.8 (21.5-55), respectively. The VFI and @entity1211 in the @entity1 tests (n   =   41) were significantly faster at 6.2 (3.5-9.4), p   <   0.0005, and 47.1 (36.1-66.3), p   =   0.002, respectively. Adjusted to a standard mean for each leg, the reproducibility limits (*3) of the @entity1211 was very good at 39.7 (95% CI: 36.5-42.9) in controls and 52.9 (95% CI: 49.7-56.1) in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The @entity1211 was significantly greater in @entity1 with @entity6312 compared to controls. It is unlikely that impeded gravitational drainage is a significant factor in the pathophysiology of @entity6312 .

title: Gravitational venous drainage is significantly faster in XXXX with @entity6312 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6312 :: ('MESH:D014648', 'Disease') :: ['varicose vein', 'varicose veins']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous drainage index', 'VDI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated that elevated serum @entity53 (E(2)) at intensive care unit (ICU) admission is associated with @entity204 in the critically ill, regardless of sex. However, little is known about how changes in initial E(2) during the course of care might signal increasing @entity1 acuity or risk of @entity204 . We hypothesized that changes from baseline serum E(2) during the course of @entity3124 are more strongly associated with mortality than a single E(2) level at admission. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort of 1,408 critically ill or injured nonpregnant adult @entity1 requiring ICU care for >= 48 hours with admission and subsequent E(2) levels was studied. Demographics, illness severity, and E(2) levels were examined, and the probability of mortality was modeled with multivariate logistic regression. Changes in E(2) were examined by both analysis of variance and logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall mortality was 14.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 12.3% to 16%]. Both admission and subsequent E(2) levels were independently associated with mortality [admission E(2) odds ratio 1.1 (CI 1.0 to 1.2); repeat @entity53 odds ratio 1.3 (CI 1.2 to1.4)], with subsequent values being stronger. Changes in E(2) were independently associated with mortality [odds ratio 1.1 (CI 1.0 to 1.16)] and improved regression model performance. The regression model produced an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (CI 0.77 to 0.83). CONCLUSIONS: Although high admission levels of E(2) are associated with mortality, changes from baseline E(2) in critically ill or injured adults are independently associated with mortality. Future studies of E(2) dynamics may yield new indicators of @entity1 acuity and illuminate underlying mechanisms for targeted therapy.

title: Trends in @entity53 during XXXX are associated with mortality independent of admission @entity53 .

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early reperfusion salvages ischemic myocardium and limits @entity583 size. However, the effects of late reperfusion, after the possibility for limitation of @entity1188 size has passed, have not been completely elucidated. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of reperfusion after 6 hours of @entity63 on the rate of @entity1188 healing and on the size and geometry of the resulting scars, as determined by gross and microscopic quantification. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity583 were produced in anesthetized, open-chest @entity235 by occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery. They either were reperfused by removal of the occluding snare or were nonreperfused. The animals were allowed to recover for either 4 days, 2 weeks, or 6 weeks. At these times, @entity1188 size, @entity1188 dimensions (wall thickness and circumferential extent), and the proportion of @entity1188 occupied by @entity39 versus granulation tissue (evolving scar) were measured. At 4 days, @entity1188 were swollen in both nonreperfused and reperfused groups (increased thickness and circumferential extent of the area at risk). Conversely, at 6 weeks, the size, thickness, and circumferential extent of the scar all were decreased. Two common anatomic complications of @entity1 @entity1188 , @entity7086 and chronic @entity1188 expansion ( @entity439 ), did not occur in this experimental model. Reperfusion at 6 hours did not affect initial @entity1188 size (4 days) or scar size (6 weeks). At 2 weeks, reperfused @entity1188 were smaller and were composed of proportionately more granulation tissue and less nonresorbed @entity39 than nonreperfused @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: Thus, reperfusion accelerated the rate of @entity1188 repair, ie, the replacement of @entity39 by scar. Acceleration of @entity1188 repair may be a beneficial effect of late reperfusion even after the opportunity for limitation of @entity1188 size has passed.

title: Healing of @entity583 in XXXX . Effects of late reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic myocardium', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarcts', 'myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The clinical course and outcome of @entity1682 ( @entity1682 ) @entity693 in Malawian @entity1 over a 10-year period (1997-2006) is described. METHODS: Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected for all @entity1 over 2 months of age admitted with @entity693 to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital from 1997 to 2006. In the 1st year, salmonellae were susceptible to @entity2755 , and @entity1 received 2 weeks of @entity2755 treatment. When @entity1682 resistance to @entity2755 started to appear in 1998, treatment was changed to @entity2756 . From 2002, the duration of antibiotic therapy was extended to 4-weeks which included 2 weeks of intravenous @entity2756 and a further 2 weeks of oral @entity2177 . RESULTS: The in-hospital case fatality rate (CFR) was 52.3% (48.2% until 2002 and 53.9% after prolonged antibiotic therapy was introduced). Of the survivors, one in 12 (8.3%) became completely well (sequelae-free) in the period 1997-2001 while 18 of 31 survivors (58.1%) made a complete recovery during 2002-2006 (p<0.01). After the 4-week course of antimicrobial therapy was introduced, the number of relapses or recurrences fell from nine in 15 (60%) survivors treated with @entity2755 or @entity2756 to three in 35 (8.7%) survivors who received 4 weeks of antibiotics (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: In Malawi, @entity693 has a CFR of approximately 50%, which has remained constant over many years. Residual morbidity, however, has decreased over 10 years, despite rising numbers of multi-drug-resistant cases of @entity1682 . This improvement might be owing to better treatment and management and/or reduced pathogenicity of the multi-drug-resistant bacteria.

title: The outcome of XXXX in Malawian @entity1 , 1997-2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis', 'salmonella meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['non-typhoidal salmonella', 'NTS']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['non-typhoidal salmonella meningitis']


abstract: The pathogenesis of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) has not been completely explained yet. There are no clear clinical indicators of the risk of @entity1561 's occurrence. By means of computed tomography (CT) quantitative assessment of the @entity1560 is possible and CT is therefore a suitable method of monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment in @entity1561 . AIM OF THE STUDY: The assessment of the influence of the clinical factors, such as: [1] @entity2973 , [2] the fatty tissue distribution type, [3] the lipids profile, on the risk of @entity1561 occurrence. INVESTIGATED GROUP AND METHOD. The examined group and the control group comprised 113 @entity1 (59 @entity1 and 54 @entity1 ) with @entity2973 and @entity28 , who, due to different clinical indications, underwent CT of the abdomen. In the CT examinations the @entity1560 was assessed on the basis of the range of attenuation coefficient (in Hounsfield units), that was measured in four previously chosen areas of the liver. Additionally, two measurements of spleen tissue were conducted. The density of tissues, represented in Hounsfield units, once established makes it possible to assess the increase of fat percentage in the liver with respect to the norm. Excursion criteria: [1] @entity1068 consumption exceeding 20 g per day; [2] existence of other diseases which may cause derivative form of @entity1561 and/or different clinical features of other @entity409 ; [3] existence of focal changes of the liver that could affect the measurements of the attenuation coefficient. In the group of 59 @entity1 in 23 of them (38.9%) the features of @entity1560 have been found. The group with @entity1560 in comparison with the group without @entity1560 was marked by significantly higher WHR index (0.9 vs 0.8; p = 0.029), higher TG concentration (209.9 mg/dl vs 160.9 mg/dl; p = 0.032) and lower HDL-C concentration (37.7 mg/dl vs 46.1 mg/dl; p = 0.004). In the group of 54 @entity1 in 22 of them (40.7%) @entity1560 has been affirmed. The group with @entity1560 in comparison with the group without @entity1560 was characterized by higher BMI (29.2.2 vs 27.4 kg/m2; p = 0.002) and, as in @entity1 , higher TG concentration and lower HDL-C concentration in serum. CONCLUSIONS: [1] CT examination with assessment of the range of attenuation coefficient is a useful tool for @entity1560 and may be used in routine diagnostic procedure in @entity1 with @entity1561 . [2] The risk factors of @entity1561 development are high TG concentration and low HDL-C concentration in serum. [3] In @entity1 the risk factor of @entity1561 is @entity28 and @entity2973 , whereas in @entity1 @entity1560 correlates not only with the BMI value, but above all with @entity1144 .

title: [The assessment of @entity1561 detected by computed tomography in cases with @entity28 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver evaluation', 'existence of fatty liver', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['diseases of the liver']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'non-alcoholic fatty liver', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

answer: @entity2973 :: (MESH:D050177,Disease) :: ['overweight']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a previous report, we described a method of reconstruction using @entity5 -bearing autograft treated by liquid @entity1568 for @entity3478 . Here we present the first case of @entity79 correction following a @entity5 -bearing frozen autograft via three-dimensional computerized reconstruction after multiple surgeries. CASE PRESENTATION: A 16-year-old female student presented with @entity158 in the left lower leg and was diagnosed with a low-grade central @entity421 . Surgical bone reconstruction was performed using a @entity5 -bearing frozen autograft. Bone union was achieved at 7  months after the first surgical procedure. However, @entity5 recurrence and lung metastases occurred 2  years later, at which time a second surgical procedure was performed. Five years later, the @entity1 developed a 19   @entity85 and underwent a third surgical procedure, during which an osteotomy was performed using the Taylor Spatial Frame three-dimensional external fixation technique. A fourth corrective surgical procedure was performed in which internal fixation was achieved with a locking plate. Two years later, and 10  years after the initial diagnosis of @entity421 , the @entity79 was completely corrected, and the @entity1 's limb function was good. CONCLUSION: We present the first report in which a @entity79 due to a primary @entity421 was corrected using a @entity5 -bearing frozen autograft, followed by multiple corrective surgical procedures that included osteotomy, three-dimensional external fixation, and internal fixation.

title: Successful correction of tibial @entity79 through multiple surgical procedures, liquid @entity1568 -pretreated XXXX autograft, three-dimensional external fixation, and internal fixation in a @entity1 with primary @entity421 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone deformity']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma', 'tibial osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['varus deformity']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['bone tumor']


abstract: This prospective community-based study of @entity1 born in inner London was undertaken to examine the association between premorbid airway function and subsequent wheezing in the first year of life and to explore the influence on this association of a family history of @entity565 and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Healthy Caucasian term @entity1 were recruited shortly after birth, and physician-diagnosed wheezing episodes were identified retrospectively from medical records. Specific airway conductance was determined from plethysmographic measurements of lung volume and airway resistance, before 13 wk and prior to any @entity1576 , in 101 @entity1 , 28 of whom experienced at least one episode of wheezing during the first year. Mean (SD) specific airway conductance was significantly diminished in @entity1 who subsequently wheezed: 2.02 (1.07) s-1. kPa-1 and 2.60 (0.93) s-1. kPa-1, respectively (p < 0.05), and in those with a first-degree relative with @entity565 : 1.98 (0.83) s-1. kPa-1 and 2.60 (1.0) s-1. kPa-1, respectively (p < 0.05), but not in those whose mothers smoked during pregnancy, in whom airway resistance was, however, significantly elevated (p < 0.05). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for wheezing was 2.1 (1.1 to 3.8) for every unit (s-1. kPa-1) decline in specific airway conductance (p = 0.02). After adjustment for premorbid airway function, the odds of wheezing were significantly increased in those with a family history of @entity565 (4. 3; 95% CI, 1.3 to 13.8; p = 0.016) and those exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy (4.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 15.0; p = 0.005). Our findings confirm previous reports that impaired premorbid airway function precedes and predicts wheezing in the first year. Among those with a genetic predisposition to @entity565 , alterations in airway geometry or tone may increase susceptibility to wheezing. Maternal smoking has important and potentially preventable adverse effects on somatic growth and @entity1576 in early life.

title: Impaired airway function and wheezing in infancy: the influence of maternal smoking and a genetic predisposition to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness', 'respiratory morbidity']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: In order to prospectively evaluate the efficacy, @entity137 and predictive factors of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a total of 120 @entity1 with @entity135 diagnosed from January 1992 to November 1993 were enrolled in this study. There were 118 male and 2 female @entity1 , with a median age of 51 years (range 30-74 years). The primary sites were the oral cavity (77), oropharynx (15), hypopharynx (25) and larynx (3). Betel quid chewing was habitual in 91% of @entity1 . All @entity1 were previously untreated, and 94% had stage III or IV disease. Chemotherapy was given in two or three courses to 96 @entity1 who were then assessed for response rate and predictive factors. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of @entity900 100 mg/m2/day on day 1 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) 1 g/m2/day intravenous infusion continuously for 4 to 5 days for 4 weeks. The overall chemotherapy response rate was 56%, with a 3% complete response. By univariate analysis, both the T-stage and @entity5 volume were significant for predicting the response of the primary site. The age, histologic differentiation, @entity5 location and N-stage were unpredictive for response. The nodal response (43%) was less than that of the primary site (68%). By multivariate analysis, only the @entity5 volume (> or = 50 cm3) and the presence of nodal metastases were predictive for the combined @entity7443 response. Based on the World Health Organization @entity137 criteria, 49 @entity1 experienced grade 3 to 4 @entity33 , and 24 @entity1 had grade 3 to 4 @entity391 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity900 and XXXX as neoadjuvant chemotherapy: predicting response in @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: Endovascular management of @entity438 resulting in @entity2895 has been proposed as an alternative to microsurgical clip ligation. Third nerve function recovery following endovascular treatment in a large @entity1 population has not been evaluated. A literature search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases for @entity2895 and endovascular management of @entity438 was performed. All reported @entity1 in these studies were systematically compiled. Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity2895 secondary to @entity438 underwent endovascular treatment. Endovascular management resulted in some degree of third nerve recovery in 65% of @entity1 . The extent of recovery was reported in 21 @entity1 . Of these, 71% had complete recovery. At least two procedure-related @entity2895 are reported in the literature. One was permanent. One case of recurrent @entity158 is also reported. Microsurgical clip ligation of @entity438 has a 93% rate of @entity2895 recovery and a 43% rate of complete third nerve recovery. Endovascular management of @entity438 in some @entity1 . In reviewing the world literature, however, microsurgical clip ligation is associated with a higher rate of third nerve recovery. Endovascular management, in the subset of @entity1 in whom extent of recovery was documented, demonstrated a higher rate of complete recovery.

title: Rate of @entity2895 recovery following endovascular management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['third nerve palsies', 'third nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful palsy']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms', 'cerebral aneurysms can alleviate third nerve palsies']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: Young laboratory @entity19 were kept from birth in a surrounding with one dominating synthetical odor substance ( @entity4661 , @entity4662 ; experimentals); the controls were bred under normal conditions. Between postnatal days 10 and 35 the development of the neural activity in the olfactory bulb and the response to the synthetical ( @entity4661 ) and a natural odor (nest material) were tested at 6 different stages of age. By means of a computer the total energy and the frequency composition (power spectra) of the electrophysiologically leaded potentials were analyzed at the time of stimulation and without stimulation. The developmental increment of neural activity was retarded at the experimentals, but the typical high-frequency waves (oscillations) appeared about 5-6 days earlier than in the controls. Both odor substances induced neural responses measured by energy and frequency changes in the power spectra. In controls none of the odors leads to noticeable changes in the composition of frequencies at days 10 and 14. Beginning at postnatal day 18 the odor substances of nest material evoked increasing neural reactions; at all stages of age @entity4661 induced only slight alterations in the power spectra. In the experimentals responses could be measured first at day 14. The changes in power spectra rapidly increased in the following 3 weeks and the responses to @entity4661 reached several times more intense levels than in the controls. The influence of permanent olfactory stimuli on the ontogenetic development of the olfactory bulb and the extreme plasticity of this system are discussed.

title: The influence of permanent odor stimuli on the postnatal development of neural activity in the olfactory bulbs of laboratory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4661 :: ('MESH:C007836', 'Chemical') :: ['geraniol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: This study was designed to define the role of the interdigestive myoelectric complex in small intestinal bacteriostasis. In @entity35 , six monopolar electrodes were surgically sewn to the small intestine at equal intervals. One week later myoelectric activity was recorded. Under different experimental conditions, segments of duodenum and ileum were cultured quantitatively, both aerobically and anaerobically. Five groups of 6 electrode-equipped animals each were studied after an overnight fast: @entity35 in which (a) the interdigestive myoelectric complex was present, (b) the interdigestive myoelectric complex was disrupted for 6 h using @entity1286 , (c) the interdigestive myoelectric complex was disrupted for 15 h using @entity1286 , (d) the interdigestive myoelectric complex was disrupted for 15 h using @entity2647 , and (e) the interdigestive myoelectric complex returned after 15 h of @entity1286 effect. In control @entity35 and during baseline records before drug administration in the other four groups, the interdigestive myoelectric complex was present. Activity fronts cycled at regular intervals in the proximal small intestine and moved aborally. Activity fronts disappeared following both @entity1286 and @entity2647 , with varying degrees of inhibition of spike activity. Titers of microorganisms increased after 6 h, becoming statistically significant at 15 h; this effect was seen with both drugs. However, titers were similar to controls in groups 5. These results show that the interdigestive myoelectric complex is an important regulator at bacterial growth in the small intestine.

title: Influence of the interdigestive myoelectric complex on enteric flora in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate', 'morphine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) method for simultaneous screening and quantification of 28 drugs was developed and validated for 2.5 mg hair samples. Target drugs and their metabolites included @entity889 , @entity2072 , opioids, @entity1245 , antidepressants, and hallucinogens. After decontamination, hair samples were extracted with 200  L of a mixture of water: @entity1626 :1 M @entity6146 (80:10:10, v/v) using a 5 min simultaneous pulverization/extraction step. The extracts were analysed by HPLC-HRMS in an Orbitrap at a nominal resolution of 60,000, with concomitant in source collisional experiments (in source CID). Gradient elution on an Atlantis T3 column resolved 28 target compounds and 5 internal standards. Total chromatographic run time was 26 min. Calibration was achieved by linear regression analysis utilizing six calibration points; R2 ranged from 0.9964 to 0.9999, the limits of quantification were 0.1 ng/mg for 8 compounds, 0.2 ng/mg for 16 compounds and 0.5 ng/mg for 4 compounds; mean relative errors from -21% to +23% were obtained; relative standard deviation, used to estimate repeatability and intermediate reproducibility at three concentrations, was always less than 20%. Process efficiency and recoveries for all analytes were better than 65 and 73%, respectively, at any concentration. The method was applied to hair samples from forensic investigations that contained a broad assortment of drugs of abuse and pharmaceuticals. The use of concomitant HRMS full scan and CID afforded the possibility of retrospective analysis for discovering untargeted drugs.

title: High performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and micropulverized extraction for the quantification of @entity889 , @entity2072 , opioids, XXXX , antidepressants and hallucinogens in 2.5 mg hair samples.

entities_list: @entity6146 :: ('MESH:D014269', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because benign postoperative changes may overlap those of @entity5 , the utility of breast MRI following an excisional biopsy is unclear. We sought to investigate the ability of MRI to predict @entity66 following an excisional biopsy for @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 93 @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for @entity0 at our institution from January 2005 to May 2008. All @entity1 had previously undergone excisional biopsy with subsequent MRI. @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment characteristics were collected. Descriptive statistics were utilized for data summary and data were compared using Fisher's exact or   (2) tests. RESULTS: The mean age of the 84 @entity1 who had additional surgery following MRI was 51    7 y. Thirteen (15%) @entity1 had only postoperative changes on MRI; six had @entity66 on final pathology. Of 71 @entity1 with MRI findings suspicious for @entity66 , 54 (76%) had pathologic confirmation, while 17 (24%) had only benign pathology. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI following excisional biopsy were 90% and 29%, respectively. Overall, 49 (58%) of the 84 @entity1 underwent mastectomy, including 11 of 24 (46%) with negative final pathology. @entity1 age, @entity5 size, @entity5 grade, biomarker profile, nodal status, and MRI findings were not predictive of surgical treatment type (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although excisional biopsy decreases the specificity of breast MRI, its sensitivity remains high. Nearly 50% of @entity1 with a suspicious MRI and negative final pathology underwent mastectomy, suggesting that additional biopsy of all suspicious MRI findings is necessary to avoid surgical overtreatment.

title: Utility of breast MRI for evaluation of XXXX following excisional biopsy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'stage 0-III breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['residual disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The health hazards associated with the use of smokeless @entity286 (SLT) are similar to those of smoking. However, unlike smoking, limited initiatives have been taken to control the use of SLT, despite its widespread use in South and Southeast Asian countries including Bangladesh. It is therefore important to examine the prevalence of SLT use and its social determinants for designing appropriate strategies and programmes to control its use. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of SLT in terms of prevalence, pattern and sociodemographic differentials in a rural area of Bangladesh. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional household survey. SETTING AND @entity1 : A total of 6178 individuals aged >= 13   years from 1753 households under the Chakaria HDSS area were interviewed during October-November 2011. METHODS: The current use of SLT, namely sadapatha (dried @entity286 leaves) and zarda (industrially processed leaves), was used as the outcome variable. The crude and net associations between the sociodemographic characteristics of respondents and the outcome variables were examined using cross-tabular and multivariable logistic regression analysis, respectively. RESULTS: 23% of the total respondents ( @entity1 : 27.0%, @entity1 : 19.3%) used any form of SLT. Of the respondents, 10.4% used only sadapatha,13.6% used only zarda and 2.2% used both. SLT use was significantly higher among @entity1 , older @entity1 , illiterate, ever married, day labourers and relatively poorer respondents. The odds of being a sadapatha user were 3.5-fold greater for @entity1 than for @entity1 and the odds of being a zarda user were 3.6-fold greater for @entity1 than for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of SLT use was high in the study area and was higher among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. The limitation of the existing regulatory measures for controlling the use of non-industrial SLT products should be understood and discussion for developing new strategies should be a priority.

title: Prevalence, pattern and sociodemographic differentials in smokeless XXXX consumption in Bangladesh: evidence from a population-based cross-sectional study in Chakaria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to explore the association between @entity3336 and the clinical characteristics of skull base @entity3580 (SBC). METHODS: In this study, 58 paraffin-embedded samples and 85 frozen samples of 94 @entity1 were included. All clinical data corresponding to these @entity1 were available. Immunohistochemical staining and Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed. Positive rate of Immunohistochemical staining slices and delta CT value of Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction represent the @entity3336 expression level in protein and gene level separately. RESULTS: In protein level, the expression level (EL) of invasive @entity5 was increased compared to non-invasive @entity5 (p=0.006), EL of @entity5 with dura erosion was increased compared to @entity5 without dura erosion (p=0.001). @entity5 with septa exhibited increased EL compared to @entity5 without septa (p=0.001). @entity5 with lobulation exhibited increased EL compared to @entity5 without lobulation (p=0.000). And higher EL of @entity3336 was associated with reduced PFS (p=0.015). In gene level, @entity5 with septa showed higher EL than @entity5 without septa (p=0.015), and @entity5 with lobulation showed higher EL than @entity5 without lobulation (p=0.049). And @entity3336 EL was an independent risk factors for reduced PFS, an increased level of @entity3336 in SBC was associated with reduced PFS (p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Increased @entity3336 expression in SBC was associated with @entity5 invasion and reduced PFS. Our results also indicated that the @entity3336 level in SBC was associated with @entity5 stage, @entity5 lobulation condition and septa condition.

title: Expression of XXXX in skull base @entity3580 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity3336 :: (1513,Gene) :: ['cathepsin K']


abstract: @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) has been associated with multiple immune effects, which could enhance the outcome of chemotherapy. For this reason we decided to explore the combination of rituximab, @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 and @entity229 (R- @entity3726 ) given every 14 days with pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) and @entity2841 (Leukine). A total of 59 @entity645 -negative @entity1 with aggressive-histology @entity1893 were accrued. The median age was 56 years (range 25-87). @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) was high in 36 @entity1 (61%); performance status was 0-1 in 48 @entity1 ; International Prognostic Index (IPI) was 0-1 in 30 and 2-3 in 24 @entity1 ; and disease was stage I-II in 46% and III-IV in 56% of @entity1 . Diffuse large @entity1892 was the most common @entity706 type. Response rates were: complete remission (CR) in 51 (86%), partial remission (PR) in five (8%) and failure in three @entity1 (5%). At a median follow-up of 26 months, the overall survival (OS) at 3 years was 76% and the 3-year failure-free survival (FFS) was 73%. No @entity1 relapsed beyond 18 months. @entity1 with IPI >=    3 had a 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 54% versus 82% in those with @entity22739 (p =   0.038). @entity1 aged <   60 years had a FFS of 77% while those aged >=    60 years had a FFS of 69% (p =   0.29). Both the CR rate and the quality of CRs were satisfactory, with only 5/51 (10%) of complete responders having lost their remissions to date. Of interest is that age >=    60, an important adverse prognostic factor, appeared to have lost some of its importance, since the difference between those aged <   60 and >=    60 years was minimal in our study. The results with R- @entity3726 - @entity2841 every 14 days are encouraging, and merit a prospective comparative clinical trial against R- @entity3726 -14 in order to elucidate the contribution of @entity2841 .

title: Front-line immunochemotherapy for aggressive @entity1893 using dose-dense rituximab, @entity786 , @entity632 , XXXX and @entity229 plus @entity2841 and pegfilgrastim as support.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnosis and surgical treatment of @entity3243 ( @entity3243 ). METHOD: Clinical data of 4 @entity3243 cases were analyzed retrospectively. Four @entity1 all had palpable neck mass. @entity460 level was (3.25 +/- 0.53) mmol/L, and @entity461 level was (1210.25 +/- 528.72) ng/L. Frozen section established diagnosis in only one case. Routine histopathology combined with immunohistochemistry established the diagnosis in 3 @entity1 . Parathyroidectomy and ipsilateral subtotal thyroidectomy was performed in 3 @entity1 ; endoscopic parathyroidectomy was performed in one @entity1 . RESULT: They were followed up for 8-60 months, @entity460 level and @entity461 level were normal. No @entity5 recurrence and @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity3243 is difficult before operation. Routine blood examinations: blood @entity460 , blood @entity461 ; Imaging examinations: ultrasonography, CT are helpful to diagnosis. Frozen biopsy is not satisfactory. An initial en bloc resection of @entity5 and adjacent structures contributes most to the prognosis.

title: [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'parathyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid carcinoma']


abstract: @entity358 accounts for all the severity of @entity1577 . Impairment of forced vital capacity (FVC) under 40% of its predicted value is observed in about 7% of our @entity1 and reflects a very advanced disease. For these @entity1 , currently available treatments are inadequate and they are candidates for pulmonary transplantation, emphasizing the need for alternative treatments. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentric study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of aerosolised rhDNase 2.5 mg twice daily in @entity1 with @entity1577 and severe @entity73 . The first three aerosolisations were performed in the hospital, after bronchial drainage. Seventy @entity1 , aged 5 to 48 years, were treated for 2 weeks. Respiratory parameters improved in both groups during the study period. As compared to baseline values, FVC improved by 13.7% and 12.7%, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) by 6% and 7%, respectively in the placebo and rhDNase groups. No significant difference was detected between the two groups. However, after the completion of the randomized study, all @entity1 received rhDNase as part of an open-label phase for 6 months. FEV1 and FVC further improved in all @entity1 . We failed to demonstrate for severely ill @entity1 with @entity1577 a significant advantage for aerosolised rhDNase compared to placebo for two weeks. The further improvement observed in the open-label phase suggests that more prolonged treatment might be necessary to detect a statistically significant benefit. No significant side effects of the treatment were observed.

title: [Multicenter study of rhDNase in XXXX with severe @entity358 ].

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of pulmonary function']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to analyse serially the effects of decoppering therapy on the clinical features, disability and MRI brain including DTI metrics in @entity1 with @entity2360 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 with clinically and serologically confirmed neuropsychiatric form of @entity2360 ( @entity2360 ) on decoppering therapy were followed for a minimum duration of 1 year with serial assessment of their clinical features, disability status and serial MR imaging of the brain including DTI. The cohort included 18 treatment-na  ve @entity1 and 17 @entity1 already on decoppering therapy (M/F   =   2.18:1). The mean age at which they underwent baseline assessment for this study was 18.6        7.6 years, and follow-up assessment was done after a mean duration of 23.5        8.8 months (range, 12 to 45 months). Along with the overall clinical improvement noted at follow-up, the disability assessed using Chu staging and MSEADL showed significant reduction in the number of @entity1 with severe disability and the mean NSS reducing from 9.74 to 6.37 (p   =   0.002). The mean MRI scores showed significantly reduced disease burden from a baseline score of 5.9 (  4.2) to 4.9 (  4.7) in follow-up scans (p   <   0.05). Voxel-wise comparison of serial DTI metrics on TBSS (tract-based spatial statistics) analysis showed that the entire cohort had significant (p   <   0.05) improvement in all the four parameters ( @entity601 , FA, DA and RD) indicated by a decrease in @entity601 , DA and RD values and increase in FA values. Comparison of whole-brain white matter DTI measures between pre- and posttreatment did not show any significant difference (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity2360 on decoppering therapy showed clinical improvement accompanied with improvement in DTI metrics. Quantitative DTI metrics may be used as surrogate markers of clinical status following initiation of medical therapy in @entity2360 .

title: Improvement of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Parameters with Decoppering Treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease", 'WD']

answer: @entity2360 :: (MESH:D006527,Disease) :: ['Wilson's Disease']


abstract: A segregating F2 population of @entity958 derived from a cross between the late-flowering ecotype Hannover/M  nden (HM) and the early-flowering ectoype Wassilewskija (WS) was analyzed for flowering time and other morphological traits. Two unlinked quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting days to first flower (DFF-a and DFF-b) mapped to chromosome 5. QTLs which affect @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ), leaf length at flowering (LLF), and lead length at 35 days (LL35) also mapped to chromosome 5; LLF-a, LL35-a, @entity1817 -a map to the same region of chromosome 5 as DFF-a; LLF-b and LL35-bmap to the same region of chromosome 5 as DFF-b. Another QTL affecting leaf length at flowering (LLF-c) maps to chromosome 3. The proximity of DFF-a, LLF-a, LL35-a and @entity1817 -a, as well as the similarity in gene action among these QTLs (additivity), suggest that they may be pleiotropic consequences of a single gene at this locus. Similarly, LL35-b and LLF-b map near each other and both @entity74 , again suggesting the possibility of pleiotropy. DFF-b, which also maps near LL35-b and LLF-b, displays largely additive gene action (although recessive gene action could not be ruled out). This suggests that DFF-b may represent a different gene from LL35-b and/or LLF-b. DFF-a maps near two previously identified mutants: co (which also affects flowering time and displays gene action consistent with additivity) and flc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: QTL mapping of naturally-occurring variation in flowering time of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['node number', 'NN']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['display recessive gene action']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity704 is a rare anterior mediastinal @entity5 . It is more invasive and has a poorer prognosis than @entity704 . Complete curative resection is frequently impossible to achieve because of extensive invasion or @entity3 at diagnosis. The role of systemic chemotherapy and the optimal regimen in @entity704 remain uncertain. We report our experience with 16 @entity1 with unresectable @entity704 who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: Between July 1989 and July 2003, 29 @entity1 were diagnosed with unresectable @entity704 at our hospital. Sixteen of the 29 @entity1 were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. There were 10 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 whose ages ranged from 45 to 66 years old. Chemotherapy regimens consisted of either (A) @entity900 plus @entity1487 or (B) @entity632 , @entity900 , @entity1891 and @entity786 every 4 weeks for at least 2 cycles. Radiotherapy was given concurrently and ranged from 34.2 to 70 Gy. RESULTS: There were 4 (25.0%) @entity1 with complete responses, 4 (25.0%) with partial responses, 6 (37.5%) with stable disease and 2 (12.5%) with progressive disease. The overall response rate was 50%. The median follow-up was 64 months, and the median survival was 82 months. The overall cumulative survival rates at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years were 93.8%, 81.3%, 74.5%, and 67.7%, respectively. The most common side effects were Grade I/II @entity137 , including @entity391 , fatigue, and @entity2910 . All @entity1 experienced radiation @entity55 . No life-threatening side effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy seems effective for unresectable @entity704 . Our experience, although preliminary, is encouraging and merits conducting a randomized trial to determine the impact of concurrent chemoradiotherapy on unresectable @entity704 .

title: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma', 'ordinary thymoma', 'Thymic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymic carcinoma']


abstract: Chronic @entity1068 consumption is a strong risk factor for the development of certain types of @entity5 including those of the upper aerodigestive tract, the liver, the large intestine and the female breast. Multiple mechanisms are involved in @entity167 -mediated @entity105 . Among those the action of @entity3094 (AA), the first metabolite of @entity1068 oxidation is of particular interest. AA is toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic in animal experiments. AA binds to DNA and forms carcinogenic adducts. Direct evidence of the role of AA in @entity167 -associated @entity105 derived from genetic linkage studies in alcoholics. Polymorphisms or mutations of genes coding for AA generation or detoxifying enzymes resulting in elevated AA concentrations are associated with increased @entity5 risk. Approximately 40% of Japanese, Koreans or Chinese carry the AA dehydrogenase 2*2 ( @entity6921 *2) allele in its heterozygous form. This allele codes for an @entity6921 enzyme with little activity leading to high AA concentrations after the consumption of even small amounts of @entity167 . When individuals with this allele consume @entity1068 chronically, a significant increased risk for upper alimentary tract and @entity14 is noted. In Caucasians, @entity167 dehydrogenase 1C*1 ( @entity17608 *1) allele encodes for an @entity6085 isoenzyme which produces 2.5 times more AA than the corresponding allele @entity17608 *2. In studies with moderate to high @entity167 intake, @entity17608 *1 allele frequency and rate of homozygosity was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk for @entity5 of the upper aerodigestive tract, the liver, the colon and the female breast. These studies underline the important role of @entity3094 in @entity1068 -mediated @entity105 .

title: @entity3094 as an underestimated risk factor for @entity5 development: role of genetics in XXXX metabolism.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted an analysis of @entity4562 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) to assess the antitumor efficacy of this epidermal growth factor receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor. METHODS: Our single-center, prospective landmark analysis included 183 @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 who received 250 mg of @entity4562 orally once daily in an expanded-use program at our institution. Thirty-three of the 183 @entity1 were previously untreated. The @entity1 included in this analysis had all received at least 12 weeks of @entity4562 . RESULTS: The objective @entity5 response rate was 3.8%, but an additional 53.5% of @entity1 experienced clinically meaningful disease stabilization. Median progression-free survival time was 3.6 months, and median overall survival time was 8.8 months. The 1-year survival rate for the entire cohort was 35%. Predictors of longer survival included female gender, @entity420 or @entity189 histology, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Adverse events were generally mild (grade 1 or 2) and consisted mainly of skin reactions and @entity294 . CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center experience, @entity4562 demonstrated clinically significant antitumor activity and provided good palliation in a predominantly pretreated group of @entity1 . Our results, which are likely to be reproducible in a community setting, demonstrated a 1-year survival rate of 35% in a cohort of @entity1 who were able to take the drug for at least 12 weeks.

title: @entity4562 ( @entity4562 ) in previously treated advanced XXXX : experience from a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['bronchoalveolar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity25 ( @entity25 ) denotes a period of hypovigilance, @entity911 and impaired cognitive and behavioral performance that immediately follows awakening. Based on the observation that the reactivation of some cortical areas is faster than other upon awakening, here we examined regional differences between presleep and postsleep waking period. Moreover, we also compared rapid eye movements (REM) and stage 2 non-rapid eye movements (NREM) awakenings in a within-subject design. Presleep and postsleep waking electroencephalogram (EEG; 5 min with eyes-closed and 5 min with eyes-open) of 18 healthy subjects (12 males, mean age=23.8  2.3 years) were recorded from 19 derivations. @entity1 slept for two consecutive nights in the laboratory. In one night they were awakened from stage 2 NREM, while in the other from REM sleep. EEG power spectra were calculated across the following bands: delta (1-4 Hz), theta (5-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), @entity8652 and @entity2263 (17-24 Hz). Moreover, a detailed hertz-by-hertz analysis has been repeated in the 2-4 Hz frequency range. Postsleep wakefulness, compared to presleep, is characterized by a generalized decrease of higher @entity8652 and @entity2263 EEG power over almost all scalp locations. A detailed analysis of topographical modifications in the low-frequency range showed that postsleep wakefulness is characterized by an increased delta activity in the posterior scalp locations, and by a concomitant frontal decrease compared to presleep. Moreover, it was found a prevalence of EEG power in the high frequency ranges ( @entity8652 and @entity2263 ) upon awakening from stage 2 compared to REM awakenings over the left anterior derivations. Altogether these findings support the hypothesis that a generalized reduction in beta activity and increased delta activity in more posterior areas upon awakening may represent the EEG substratum of the @entity25 phenomenon.

title: Electroencephalographic XXXX of the awakening brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep inertia', 'Sleep inertia', 'SI']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep inertia']