abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BACKGROUND: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) is the most common @entity130 following motor vehicle accident. Evidence for prognosis and intervention are difficult to interpret due to differences in inception times, outcomes used, and sample heterogeneity. METHODS: An extensive literature search was conducted to identify published studies of prognosis following @entity7125 . Rigorous inclusion criteria were applied to allow for meaningful results to be drawn. Data were extracted, transformed where necessary, and pooled to allow estimation of the odds ratio for any factor with at least 3 data points in the literature. RESULTS: From 11 cohorts (n = 3193), 25 factors were identified with at least 3 data points in the existing literature. Of these, 9 were found to be significant predictors based on the odds ratio and confidence limits: no postsecondary education, female gender, history of previous neck @entity158 intensity greater than 55/100, presence of neck @entity158 at baseline, presence of @entity10 at baseline, catastrophizing, @entity74 grade 2 or 3, and no seat belt in use at time of collision. Neck @entity158 intensity, @entity74 grade, @entity10 , and no postsecondary education were robust to publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: Using a rigorous process for the identification and extraction of data from a homogenous subset of the prognostic @entity74 literature, we were able to identify several factors for which information is easy to collect clinically and could provide clinicians with a good sense of prognosis following @entity7125 .

title: Risk factors for persistent problems following XXXX : results of a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash', 'whiplash injury']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Whiplash-associated disorder', 'WAD']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain,baseline neck pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['reported injury']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash injury']


abstract: The distribution and characteristics of @entity18812 (PPenk) mRNA and enkephalin-containing (EC) peptides are compared in CNS and adrenal tissues from @entity329 and @entity35 . Total cellular RNA extracts from both @entity35 and hamster tissues produce a single hybridization band of PPenk mRNA of approximately 1500 bases when analyzed by Northern blot hybridization. Quantitation by solution hybridization reveals that in the hamster the highest levels of PPenk mRNA are found in adrenal (16.3 +/- 1.4 pg equivalents/micrograms RNA (mean +/- S.E.M.)) and striatum (13.3 +/- 0.7), followed by hypothalamus (0.8 +/- 0.2), and hippocampus (0.4 +/- 0.2). In the @entity35 the highest levels of PPenk mRNA are in the striatum (35 +/- 2 pg/micrograms RNA) followed by the hypothalamus (3.0 +/- 0.5), hippocampus (0.3 +/- 0.1) and adrenal (0.18 +/- 0.04). Thus, the rank order of abundance of PPenk mRNA is similar in these CNS tissues for @entity35 and hamster. The hamster adrenal levels are more than 90-fold greater than those of the @entity35 . The abundance of EC peptides in both hamster and @entity35 tissues mirror the rank order found with PPenk mRNA. Hamster adrenal contains the highest level of EC peptides (441 +/- 37 pmol/mg protein (mean +/- S.E.M.)) which is more than 400-fold greater than that of the @entity35 adrenal and 8- to 12-fold greater than that found in @entity35 and hamster striatum or hypothalamus. Both size exclusion chromatography and Western blot analysis indicate that EC peptides in hamster adrenal are predominantly large @entity10971 -like peptides with approximately 6 copies of Met- and 1 copy of Leu-enkephalin and that included in their number is a prominent EC peptide with a molecular weight of 34 kDa. Unilateral denervation of the hamster adrenal results in a time-dependent ipsilateral decrease in EC peptide and PPenk mRNA levels. Thus, by day 8 postsurgery, PPenk mRNA levels have declined by an average of 80% while EC peptides are reduced by 68% when compared to the innervated contralateral adrenal. These results demonstrate the great abundance of PPenk mRNA and EC peptides in the hamster adrenal. They also demonstrate the apparent need for transsynaptic impulse activity to maintain the high steady-state levels of PPenk and EC peptides. These characteristics of the hamster adrenal system provide opportunities for physiological and pharmacological investigations of the regulation of @entity10971 gene expression.

title: Preproenkephalin mRNA and enkephalin in normal and denervated adrenals in the XXXX : comparison with central nervous system tissues.

entities_list: @entity18812 :: ('MESH:C033660', 'Chemical') :: ['preproenkephalin']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamster']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Stenting of a cervical internal @entity1914 is presented using a stent covered with saphenous vein. This procedure resulted in immediate exclusion of the @entity439 and maintained patency of the carotid artery. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A gunshot to the neck resulted in @entity1224 and @entity1576 with @entity16 in a male @entity1 . Angiographic investigation revealed an enlarging cervical internal @entity1914 , possibly the source of a @entity999 . Anticoagulation had to be stopped because of @entity548 complications. A decision was made to conduct definitive percutaneous treatment of the @entity2849 . TECHNIQUE: A Palmaz stent (JJIS, Warren, NJ) was covered with saphenous vein harvested from the @entity1 's leg. Using standard technique and a simple innovation for stent construct introduction into the sheath, the vein-covered stent was placed across the opening of the @entity439 and dilated into position with a balloon. CONCLUSION: Immediate exclusion of a cervical internal @entity1914 was performed using an autologous vein-covered stent. One-month follow-up confirmed continued exclusion of the @entity2849 and carotid patency without @entity850 .

title: Autologous vein-covered stent repair of a cervical internal carotid artery XXXX : technical case report.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1914 :: ('MESH:D020212', 'Disease') :: ['carotid pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysm']


abstract: This is a prospective study of the authors' first 100 @entity572 (THA) that were followed for 2-5 years. The mean age of the 83 @entity1 was 43 years. Using the Harris hip rating system, 80% of the hips were rated as excellent, 13% as good, 5% as fair, and 2% as poor at final evaluation. Eighty percent of the hips had no @entity158 , 11% had slight or occasional @entity158 , 8% had activity-related @entity158 , and 1% had moderate @entity158 . Eighty-seven percent of the hips had no limp, 8% had a slight limp, and 5% had a moderate limp. One femoral component, placed as a conversion of a @entity162 , has been removed for loosening. Two other hips have been reoperated, one for lengthening the femoral neck and one for changing the acetabular liner. There were no problems with acetabular screw fixation and no component migrated. Only two hips had 1 mm nonprogressive radiolucent lines in all three zones. Femoral component subsidence of 3 or more mm was measured in 16 hips, but was progressive in only 1. Radiolucent and radiodense lines were frequently seen in the nonporous coated regions of the femoral stem. Loss of proximal medial femoral bone density was seen in 59% of hips, and calcar resorption was seen in 16% of hips. Although the clinical results of this uncemented implant system were good or excellent in 93% of hips, the high incidence of femoral component subsidence is worrisome.

title: A prospective study of 100 consecutive XXXX . 2-5-year results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['loose bipolar hemiarthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['Harris-Galante porous total hip arthroplasties']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['Harris-Galante porous total hip arthroplasties']


abstract: Clinical and morphologic features of 34 @entity1 with @entity1121 and particularly marked @entity4346 were analyzed. Only @entity1 with a ventricular septal thickness of at least 35 mm (range to 52 mm) were selected for the study; 31 (90%) had a diffuse pattern of @entity1184 also involving substantial portions of the left ventricular free wall. Despite similar left ventricular morphology, these @entity1 exhibited a broad spectrum of clinical findings and natural history. Ten @entity1 (29%) had hemodynamic or echocardiographic evidence of basal subaortic obstruction (average gradient, 63 mm Hg); however, the majority (24 [71%]) had no evidence of obstruction at rest, despite substantial @entity1184 of the basal anterior portions of septum and free wall. Although the electrocardiograms of most @entity1 (76%) showed patterns of @entity4346 , the magnitude of precordial QRS complexes was not markedly increased (S wave in lead V1 or V2, 27 +/- 15 mm; R wave in lead V5 or V6, 21 +/- 9 mm). The clinical course was variable in 30 @entity1 who were followed up for at least 1 year (mean 6 years). Although no @entity1 died, nine (30%) have exhibited clinical deterioration, including two who spontaneously developed complete @entity616 and one who collapsed with @entity2224 but survived. However, the clinical condition of the majority of @entity1 (21 [70%]) remained unchanged or improved. At the most recent evaluation, 20 (67%) of the 30 @entity1 were asymptomatic or only mildly symptomatic, including 7 who remained without symptoms throughout the period of follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX with extreme increase in left ventricular wall thickness: functional and morphologic features and clinical significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy and @entity137 of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is unclear, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published papers to quantitatively evaluate the potential benefit of induction chemotherapy. METHODS: Eligible studies of induction chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy were retrieved through extensive searches of the PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Cochrane library databases from 1994 to 2015. We excluded studies that using non-English. Our primary endpoint was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), secondary end point was @entity137 . RESULTS: Two studies of induction chemotherapy followed by CCRT versus CCRT alone and 5 studies of induction chemotherapy followed by CCRT versus CCRT followed by consolidation chemotherapy published in the same period were selected and analyzed. Our results showed that there was significant benefit of induction chemotherapy plus CCRT compared to CCRT alone on 5-year @entity1349 without 1, 2, 3, and 4 years @entity1349 . Our analysis also indicated that induction chemotherapy was as effect as consolidation chemotherapy for @entity1 who received CCRT on overall response and @entity1349 . Treatment-related @entity137 was similar between the 2 group; however, @entity1210 was significant decreased in @entity1 treated by induction chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR]=0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.62; P<0.00001). CONCLUSION: Five year @entity1349 could be improved when induction chemotherapy was added into CCRT for @entity1 of @entity1149 . Except low rate of @entity1210 , induction chemotherapy was no difference compared to consolidation chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1149 treated by CCRT.

title: The effect of induction chemotherapy in XXXX with locally advanced @entity1149 who received chemoradiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The increased risk for @entity583 and @entity385 in primary @entity101 suggests that the condition is associated with prothrombotic mechanisms. We have shown that @entity1 with @entity101 have an impaired capacity for acute endothelial @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) release, an important local protective response to prevent formation of intravascular thrombi. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this impairment could be restored by the lowering of blood pressure. The capacity for acute @entity3479 release in response to intraarterial infusion of substance P at 8 pmol/min was investigated in a perfused-forearm study in 20 @entity101 @entity1 (12 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ). Studies were performed when @entity1 were untreated and after 8 weeks of randomized treatment with @entity3593 or @entity10202 that lowered blood pressure by 26/10 and 24/12 mm Hg, respectively. The @entity3479 release response increased significantly with treatment (ANOVA, P=0.0001), with a similar effect in the 2 treatment groups. The peak release of @entity3479 increased from 257 (58) to 445 (77) ng/min x L/tissue(-1) (t test, P=0.02). Also, treatment shortened the average time to peak secretion from 6.7 (1.4) to 2.7 (0.3) min (t test, P=0.01). In 6 @entity1 with a delayed secretory peak (9 minutes or later), treatment normalized the response (chi2 test, P=0.008). Antihypertensive therapy restores the capacity for acute @entity3479 release and improves the rapidity of the response in @entity1 with primary @entity101 . Similar responses with the 2 regimens suggest that the improvement is related to the blood pressure reduction as such. This effect may contribute to the thromboprotective effect of antihypertensive treatment.

title: Impaired capacity for stimulated fibrinolysis in primary XXXX is restored by antihypertensive therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity10202 :: ('MESH:D015736', 'Chemical') :: ['felodipine']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: 1. Right adrenal and various cardiovascular responses to stimulation of the peripheral end of the right splanchnic nerve have been investigated in the presence and absence of exogenous adrenocorticotrophin, ACTH1-24, (5 ng min-1 kg-1). The adrenal-clamp technique was employed in conscious @entity291 in which the @entity4611 had been cauterized 3-4 days previously. 2. The I.V. infusion of ACTH1-24 increased mean plasma ACTH concentration by about 1200 pg/ml and mean right adrenal @entity701 output by about 500 ng min-1 kg-1. Stimulation of the peripheral end of the right splanchnic nerve at 4 Hz for 10 min produced a further rise in @entity701 output, amounting to about 400 ng min-1 kg-1 (P less than 0.01). These changes in output were reflected accurately by changes in peripheral plasma @entity701 concentration. 3. Closely similar amounts of @entity1425 were released in response to splanchnic nerve stimulation in the presence and absence of exogenous ACTH. In the presence of ACTH the average mean output of @entity1063 (58 +/- 2 ng min-1 kg-1) was significantly less than that of @entity1425 (102 +/- 4 ng min-1 kg-1; P less than 0.001), whereas the corresponding values were not significantly different in the absence of ACTH. 4. These results also confirm the fact that the fall in adrenal vascular resistance which occurs during splanchnic nerve stimulation is substantially reduced by ACTH, as is the rise in met5-enkephalin output. 5. It is concluded that the splanchnic innervation is capable of enhancing the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoids in response to ACTH under physiological conditions in the conscious @entity291 .

title: The effect of splanchnic nerve stimulation on adrenocortical activity in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary stalk']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calves']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6081 (incisions) heal by primary intention when the wound edges are brought together and secured - often with sutures, staples, clips or glue. Wound dressings, usually applied after wound closure, provide physical support, protection from bacterial contamination and absorb exudate. @entity281 ( @entity281 ) is a common complication of surgical wounds that may delay healing. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of wound dressings for preventing @entity281 in @entity1 with surgical wounds healing by primary intention. SEARCH METHODS: In February 2014 we searched: The Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register; The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library); The Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) (The Cochrane Library); The Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA) (The Cochrane Library); NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHSEED) (The Cochrane Library); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process _ Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid EMBASE and EBSCO CINAHL. There were no restrictions based on language or date of publication or study setting. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing alternative wound dressings or wound dressing with no dressing (wound exposure) for the postoperative management of surgical wounds healing by primary intention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors performed study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction independently. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty RCTs were included (3623 @entity1 ). All trials were at unclear or high risk of bias. Twelve trials included @entity1 with wounds resulting from surgical procedures with a contamination classification of 'clean', two trials included @entity1 with wounds resulting from surgical procedures with a 'clean/contaminated' contamination classification and the remaining trials evaluated @entity1 with wounds resulting from various surgical procedures with different contamination classifications. Two trials compared wound dressings with leaving wounds exposed. The remaining 18 trials compared two alternative dressing types. No evidence was identified to suggest that any dressing significantly reduced the risk of developing an @entity281 compared with leaving wounds exposed or compared with alternative dressings in @entity1 who had surgical wounds healing by primary intention. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: At present, there is insufficient evidence as to whether covering surgical wounds healing by primary intention with wound dressings reduces the risk of @entity281 or whether any particular wound dressing is more effective than others in reducing the rates of @entity281 , improving scarring, @entity158 control, @entity1 acceptability or ease of dressing removal. Most trials in this review were small and at high or unclear risk of bias. However, based on the current evidence, we conclude that decisions on wound dressing should be based on dressing costs and the symptom management properties offered by each dressing type e.g. exudate management.

title: Dressings for the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical wounds']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['surgical site infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A qualitative investigation and a population survey were conducted to explore the breastfeeding beliefs and practices of mothers who were forced to migrate from their original villages and were currently living in the slums of Diyarbakir in @entity233 . METHODS: Qualitative data collection on breastfeeding beliefs was conducted using in-depth interviews. In-depth interviews were tape-recorded. Quantitative data on breastfeeding practices were collected using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Mothers generally have a positive attitude towards breastfeeding, but colostrum is usually perceived negatively. No @entity1 was found to feed her @entity1 exclusively by breastfeeding. Only 9.9% of mothers initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of birth. Forty per cent of mothers started solid foods before 4 months. Mother's education appeared as a significant factor influencing the introduction of colostrum to the newborn. Mothers with lower education generally believed that the colostrum should not be fed to the @entity1 and that a pregnant @entity1 's milk is unhealthy for the baby. There was also a belief that 'working under the sun' decreased the quality of milk of a mother. CONCLUSION: Cultural beliefs have a significant influence on breastfeeding practices. Some of these practices are potentially harmful to newborns. Health education programmes should address these beliefs and practices in culture sensitive ways.

title: Breastfeeding beliefs and practices among migrant mothers in slums of Diyarbakir, XXXX , 2001.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'infant']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: The nonhuman primate (Nhp) has proven to be a useful model of @entity1 @entity2521 . This study describes the immunological characteristics of this model and the ability of active immunization to interfere with ecological changes in the microbiota and its associated disease symptoms. Nhps were parenterally immunized with whole-cell antigens of @entity2523 and @entity3288 . The immunization elicited an approximate 2-log increase in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA isotype antibody that was highly specific for these immunogens. Postimmunization and postligation, there was minimal change in the levels of specific antibody. P. gingivalis immunization significantly inhibited the emergence of this species during disease progression. In contrast, induction of anti-P. intermedia antibody had a minimal effect on this species within the @entity527 . Plaque indices showed few changes that could be attributed to active immunization. Both @entity548 on probing and loss of attachment were higher in ligated sites of immunized animals than in the placebo-treated group. A significant increase in bone density loss was observed in the ligated teeth from immunized versus control animals. These findings indicate that active immunization of Nhps can elicit a substantial systemic immune response; however, while this response may effect the emergence of an individual microorganism, it appears that other ecological considerations are critical in disease progression. It is also possible that the induction of a broad-based immune response to multiple bacterial antigens can result in increased disease, potentially associated with @entity56 .

title: Effects of immunization with XXXX and @entity3288 on progression of ligature-induced @entity2521 in the nonhuman primate Macaca fascicularis.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reactions to the bacteria in the subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']


abstract: @entity0 is one of four oncology diseases that are most widespread in the world. Moreover, @entity0 is one of leading causes of @entity5 in female population within economically developed regions of the world. So far, detection of new mechanisms of @entity0 development is very important for discovery of novel areas in which therapy approaches may be elaborated. The objective of the present study is to investigate involvement of proteasomes, which cleave up to 90% of cellular proteins and regulate numerous cellular processes, in mechanisms of @entity0 development. Proteasome characteristics in 106 @entity1 @entity0 and adjacent tissues, as well as relationships of detected proteasome parameters with clinical-pathological factors, were investigated. Proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity was evaluated by hydrolysis of fluorogenic peptide Suc-LLVY-AMC. The expression of proteasome subunits was studied by Western-blotting and immunohistochemistry. The wide range of chymotrypsin-like activity in @entity5 was detected. Activity in @entity5 was higher if compared to adjacent tissues in 76 from 106 @entity1 . Multiple analysis of generalized linear models discovered that in @entity172 a-receptor absence, @entity5 growth was connected with the enhanced expression of proteasome immune subunit @entity10553 and proteasome activator PA700 in @entity5 (at 95% confidence interval). Besides, by this analysis we detected some phenomena in adjacent tissue, which are important for @entity5 growth and progression of lymph node @entity3 in @entity172 a-receptor absence. These phenomena are related to the enhanced expression of activator PA700 and immune subunit @entity10554 . Thus, @entity0 development is connected with functioning of immune proteasome forms and activator PA700 in @entity1 without @entity172 a-receptors in @entity5 cells. These results could indicate a field for search of new therapy approaches for this category of @entity1 , which has the worst prognosis of health recovery.

title: Proteasome functioning in XXXX : connection with clinical-pathological factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related deaths', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the presence of a disrupted marriage or living alone would be an independent prognostic risk factor for a subsequent major @entity299 following an initial @entity583 . DESIGN: Prospective evaluation in the placebo wing of a randomized, double-blind drug trial in @entity1 with an enzyme-documented acute @entity583 who were admitted to a coronary care facility. Data for living alone and/or a marital disruption were entered into a Cox proportional hazards model constructed from important physiologic and nonphysiologic factors in the same database. SETTING: Multicenter trial in a mixture of community and academic hospitals in the United States and Canada. @entity1 : All consenting @entity1 who were 25 to 75 years of age and without other serious diseases were enrolled (placebo, N = 1234) within 3 to 15 days of the index @entity1188 and followed for a period of 1 to 4 years (mean, 2.1 years). Nine hundred sixty-seven @entity1 were followed for 1.1 years and 530 for 2.2 years. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Recurrent major @entity299 (either recurrent nonfatal @entity1188 or @entity204 ). RESULTS: Living alone was an independent risk factor, with a hazard ratio of 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.29; P less than .03). Using the Kaplan-Meier statistical method for calculation, the recurrent @entity299 at 6 months was 15.8% in the group living alone vs 8.8% in the group not living alone. Risk remained significant throughout the follow-up period (P = .001). A disrupted marriage was not an independent risk factor. CONCLUSION: Living alone but not a disrupted marriage is an independent risk factor for prognosis after @entity583 when compared with all other known risk factors.

title: Living alone after XXXX . Impact on prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event', 'cardiac event rate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity1569 have an increased risk of @entity65 that is partly attributable to chronic @entity32 . The aim of our prospective pilot study was to investigate the impact of @entity15627 (FAE), a first-line systemic antipsoriatic treatment in Germany, on cardiovascular risk parameters. @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 from the University Medical Center Mannheim and the University Hospital W  rzburg were treated with FAE for 16  weeks according to standard dosage recommendations. Disease severity, life quality and @entity308 scores as well as biomarkers of @entity32 , lipid and @entity413 metabolism were assessed prior to initiation of FAE and after 16  weeks. Out of 39 @entity1 recruited, 27 completed the study. 44  % of all @entity1 and 63  % of those completing the 16-week treatment achieved PASI 50 response and 27 or 37  % PASI 75 response. Clinical improvement was paralleled by significant improvement in quality of life, high treatment satisfaction and significant @entity308 . Adverse events, most frequently mild @entity344 , flush and @entity2905 occurred in 89  %. FAE did not modify @entity413 metabolism or inflammatory parameters substantially. However, a highly significant increase in serum levels of the atheroprotective cytokine @entity1254 was noted after 16  weeks (median 4.7 vs. 8.9    g/ml; p  =  0.0002). Our study demonstrates a significant beneficial impact of FAE on @entity1254 , indicating a potential cardioprotective effect. It will be interesting to verify this finding in larger cohorts and to assess the long-term influence of FAE on cardiovascular risk and disease.

title: Impact of @entity15627 on cardiovascular risk factors and XXXX in @entity1569 : a prospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity15627 :: ('MESH:D005650', 'Chemical') :: ['fumaric acid esters']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The effects of static stretch on muscle and tendon mechanical properties and muscle activation were studied in fifteen healthy @entity1 volunteers. Peak active and passive moment data were recorded during plantar flexion trials on an isokinetic dynamometer. Electromyography (EMG) monitoring of the triceps surae muscles, real-time motion analysis of the lower leg, and ultrasound imaging of the Achilles-medial gastrocnemius muscle-tendon junction were simultaneously conducted. Subjects performed three 60-s static stretches before being retested 2 min and 30 min poststretch. There were three main findings in the present study. First, peak concentric moment was significantly reduced after stretch; 60% of the deficit recovered 30 min poststretch. This was accompanied by, and correlated with (r = 0.81; P < 0.01) reductions in peak triceps surae EMG amplitude, which was fully recovered at 30 min poststretch. Second, Achilles tendon length was significantly shorter during the concentric contraction after stretch and at 30 min poststretch; however, no change in tendon @entity2693 was detected. Third, passive joint moment was significantly reduced after stretch, and this was accompanied by significant reductions in medial gastrocnemius passive @entity121 ; both measures fully recovered by 30 min poststretch. These data indicate that the stretching protocol used in this study induced losses in concentric moment that were accompanied by, and related to, reductions in neuromuscular activity, but they were not associated with alterations in tendon @entity2693 or shorter muscle operating length. Reductions in passive moment were associated with reductions in @entity121 , whereas tendon mechanics were unaffected by the stretch. Importantly, the impact on mechanical properties and neuromuscular activity was minimal at 30 min poststretch.

title: Moderate-duration static stretch reduces active and passive plantar flexor moment but not Achilles tendon XXXX or active muscle length.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle stiffness']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity2693 :: (MESH:C566112,Disease) :: ['stiffness']


abstract: Examinations were made on erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes, lymph nodes, thymus, haemal nodes and bone marrow in field cases of @entity12110 ( @entity12110 ) in Tanzania. Seventy-six clinically sick short-horn @entity7040 and Taurine- @entity7040 crosses, positive for @entity11250 piroplasms and schizonts and 55 apparently healthy @entity291 were studied. The syndrome observed was characterised by severe @entity3043 , with massive normocytic, normochromic @entity417 , @entity8544 and @entity882 , but no reticulocytes in peripheral blood. The erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentrations were greatly decreased compared with those of the healthy @entity291 . The means +/- SD (with values of healthy @entity291 in parentheses) were 2.85 +/- 1.10 (6.04 +/- 1.58) x 10(12) l-1, 2.78 +/- 1.70 (10.59 +/- 4.16) x 10(9) l-1, 0.19 +/- 0.06 (0.31 +/- 0.054)1 l-1 and 4.07 +/- 1.62 (7.29 +/- 1.39) mmol l-1 respectively. Lymphoproliferation was low, while lymphocyte destruction (lymphocytolysis) was high. There were very few small schizonts in parotid and prescapular glands. Lymphocytes were extensively destroyed in medullary cords, germinal centres of lymph nodules in cortex and paracortical regions of lymph nodes and haemal nodes. The bone marrow was hypocellular, with only a few haematopoietic precursor erythroid, granulocytic and thrombopoietic cell series. All stages of prorubriblasts and rubricytes had granulated nuclei, some with schizonts. Infection of erythrocytes by merozoites appeared to take place in precursor stages. The destruction of erythroblasts, rubricytes and other haematopoietic cells resulted in @entity417 without @entity31499 , haemoglobinuria and @entity1087 , accompanied by @entity8544 of extreme @entity1398 , @entity2905 and eosinopenia. This indicated that this @entity11250 differs from previously described buffalo- or @entity291 -derived @entity11250 @entity281 in causing both haemoproliferation and lymphoproliferation by extensive haematopoietic cell destruction and lymphocytolysis. In @entity291 - and buffalo-derived @entity11250 @entity281 , @entity417 is normally mild and there are numerous large schizonts in the former.

title: Severe XXXX due to haematopoietic precursor cell destruction in field cases of @entity12110 in Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity12110 :: ('MESH:D013801', 'Disease') :: ['ECF', 'East Coast Fever']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity11250 :: ('5875', 'Species') :: ['T. parva strain', 'Theileria parva', 'T. parva']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity8544 :: ('MESH:D005254', 'Disease') :: ['panleukopenia']

entities_list: @entity31499 :: ('MESH:D045262', 'Disease') :: ['reticulocytosis']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemia']


abstract: Experimental stimulation and clinical procedures applied on the tooth crown cause vascular reactions in the dental pulp of @entity468 and @entity35 . These reactions depend on the activation of trigeminal afferent nerves and release of neuropeptides. A brief stimulation causes vasodilation, which is mainly mediated by @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ). A longer stimulation results in plasma extravasation which is mediated mainly by substance @entity10133 ) and @entity2918 in the pulp. In adjacent oral tissues the mechanisms following stimulation or local irritation are more complex and other mediators are also involved. @entity842 (NO) which is instantly produced in the tissues is such a novel mediator. The chemosensitive nature of the nerves involved ( @entity2951 sensitive) may lead to their activation also by inflammatory mediators released in the tissues. Thus, sensory nerves may modulate the progress of @entity32 . Since sensory nerves in oral tissues are often the first structures to be activated during clinical procedures, tissue reactions that occur can be assumed to be initiated and perpetuated by the sensory neuropeptides. Much work is now made to modulate the sensory nerveinduced cascade of events in oral tissues to find new treatment strategies.

title: [The role of sensory nerves in the development of XXXX of oral tissues].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The incidence of @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) is very high in the northeast region of India. An earlier study from China and Iran suggested that mutations in @entity2674 gene may play a role in the etiology of familial @entity1721 . However, the frequency of @entity2674 gene germ line mutations and its contribution to risk of @entity1423 of @entity1721 in high-risk region of India are not known. In the current study of 317 cases of @entity418 , 92 (29%) cases had a family history of esophageal and/or other @entity5 . Of these 92 @entity1 , 45 (49%) @entity1 had a family history of @entity418 . The risk of developing @entity418 was higher in cases where family history showed occurrence of @entity5 in first-degree relatives (odds ratio [OR]: 3.1; confidence interval [CI]: 1.9-5.3) than in second-degree relatives (OR: 1.3; CI: 0.25-3.2). Moreover, the risk of developing @entity418 was higher in subjects whose predegree suffered from @entity418 (OR: 2.4; CI: 1.1-4.1) than from any other @entity5 (OR: 1.1; CI: 0.32-3.3). The subjects with family history of @entity5 were more likely to develop @entity1721 if they were @entity286 chewers (OR: 4.2; CI: 2.1-5.8) and betel quid users (OR: 3.6; CI: 1.8-4.6). Screening for mutations of the @entity2674 gene in the germ line DNA was carried out for 20 familial and 80 nonfamilial @entity1721 @entity1 . One hundred unrelated healthy controls from the same population were included in this study. Nonsynonymous variants in exon 18 ( @entity57310 ) and exon 27 (I3412V) of @entity2674 gene were found in 3 of 20 @entity1 with familial @entity1721 . No sequence alterations were found in 80 nonfamilial @entity1721 cases (P=0.01) and 100 healthy controls (P=0.0037), suggesting that germ line @entity2674 gene mutation may play a role in @entity1423 of @entity1721 in high-risk region of India.

title: Contribution of germ line XXXX sequence alterations to risk of @entity418 in a high-risk area of India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['familial aggregation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: 1. The chemical changes during contractile activity were separated from recovery metabolism in the forearm flexor musculature in normal @entity1 subjects using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Percutaneous, supramaximal twitch stimulation of the median and ulnar nerves was used in combination with temporary ischaemia of the forearm to characterize the summed @entity4430 activity. The recovery following restoration of blood flow provided a measure of oxidative @entity855 synthesis activity. These processes were measured based on the dynamics of @entity1734 (PCr) content. 2. Muscle @entity26 stores were depleted using ischaemia without stimulation as indicated by PCr breakdown after 250 +/- 33 s (mean +/- S.D.; n = 5), which provided a measure of the basal metabolic rate (0.008 +/- 0.002 mM s-1, n = 5). 3. The PCr breakdown rate during twitch stimulation of the @entity26 -depleted muscle was constant at 1 Hz at 0.15 +/- 0.03 mM PCr per second or per twitch (n = 8). A constant cost per twitch was found from 0.5 to 2 Hz stimulation (depletion of PCr per twitch = 0.15 mM per twitch). 4. No net anaerobic recovery of PCr was found during a 2 min post-stimulation ischaemia. 5. Upon restoration of blood flow, PCr recovery followed an exponential time course with a time constant of 63 +/- 14 s (n = 8). From these recovery rates, the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation was estimated to be 0.4 mM s-1. 6. This experimental approach defines a non-invasive and quantitative measure of @entity1 muscle @entity4430 rate and @entity855 synthetase rate.

title: Separate measures of @entity855 utilization and recovery in XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity9620 ( @entity9620 ) signaling is critical for circadian rhythms. For example, the expression of @entity9620 and its main receptor, @entity9622 , is necessary for maintaining synchronous daily rhythms among neurons in the @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ), a master circadian pacemaker in animals. Where and when @entity9622 protein is expressed in the @entity10789 and other brain areas has not been examined. Using immunohistochemistry, we characterized a new antibody and found that @entity9622 was highly enriched in the @entity10789 and detectable at low levels in many brain areas. Within the @entity10789 , @entity9622 was circadian, peaking in the subjective morning, and abundantly expressed from the rostral to caudal margins with more in the dorsomedial than ventrolateral area. @entity9622 was found in nearly all @entity10789 cells including neurons expressing either @entity9620 or vasopressin (AVP). @entity10789 neurons mainly expressed @entity9622 in their somata and dendrites, not axons. Finally, constant light increased @entity9620 and AVP expression, but not @entity9622 . We conclude that the circadian clock, not the ambient light level, regulates @entity9622 protein localization. These results are consistent with @entity9622 playing a role in @entity9620 signaling at all times of day, broadly throughout the brain and in all @entity10789 cells.

title: Spatiotemporal distribution of @entity9620 receptor 2 in mouse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['suprachiasmatic nucleus', 'SCN']

entities_list: @entity9620 :: ('22353(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['VIP', 'Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide']

answer: @entity10789 :: (MESH:D002527,Disease) :: ['suprachiasmatic nucleus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The presence and distribution of lymphatic vessels and mast cells in the gingiva under normal and pathological conditions have been reported by several studies, but the relationship between them during inflammatory lymphangiogenesis is virtually unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) and @entity5310 ( @entity5310 ) in the gingiva of @entity1 with @entity2520 @entity1464 . Gingival punch biopsies from 51 @entity1 with @entity2520 were investigated. MCs and LVs were detected by double-immunohistochemistry, using primary antibodies against mast cell tryptase and D2-40. The inflammatory infiltrate was evaluated on a scale from 0 (absent) to +3 (severe @entity32 ). MCs and LVs were counted in the same microscopic field for each case at *200 magnification. We found a significant increase in the number of both MCs and LVs in cases with mild and moderate inflammatory changes, followed by a slight decrease in cases with severe @entity32 . We have shown a particular association between MCs and LVs that may support the contribution of MCs to the development of the lymphatic vasculature in inflammatory conditions. @entity5310 correlated with LMVD in all cases with mild and moderate inflammatory changes, but not in cases with severe @entity32 . No correlation was found between @entity5310 /LMVD and the density of the inflammatory infiltrate. Our results suggest the potential involvement of MCs in the induction and maintenance of lymphangiogenesis in the gingiva of @entity1 with @entity2520 in the early steps of evolution.

title: Mast Cells Stimulate Lymphangiogenesis in the Gingiva of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['compared to normal-like gingiva']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'mast cell density']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['Periodontal Disease']


abstract: This randomized, double-blind, parallel study compared the anti-anginal effects of @entity7976 and @entity2165 in 37 @entity1 with exercise-induced @entity951 . At the end of a single-blind placebo period, @entity1 were randomized and received either @entity2165 50 mg o.d. or @entity7976 10 mg b.d. for 3 weeks. On the third week, the dosage was increased ( @entity7976 20 mg b.d. or @entity2165 100 mg o.d.) for the final 3-week period. Treadmill exercise tolerance tests were performed immediately before and 2 h after dosing at the end of the placebo period, and at the end of the third and sixth week of active treatment. Demographic characteristics and exercise performance with placebo were comparable between both treatment groups, and at the end of the treatment periods a significant improvement in exercise time was observed: an increase in the time to peak exercise of 1.33 +/- 0.29 min (mean +/- standard error of the mean) in @entity2165 -treated @entity1 (P < 0.001), and of 1.47 +/- 0.40 min (P < 0.005) in @entity7976 -treated @entity1 . While the anti-anginal activity of the two drugs was comparable, their effects on the rate-pressure product heart rate x systolic blood pressure were clearly different; @entity2165 induced a decrease at peak exercise, but this parameter was not changed or was slightly increased with @entity7976 . One @entity1 with severe three-vessel disease died suddenly after 3 days of treatment with @entity7976 10 mg twice daily. The most frequent adverse effect in both groups was @entity10 , which led to discontinuation of one @entity1 in the @entity2165 group and of five @entity1 in the @entity7976 group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A double-blind comparison of a beta-blocker and a potassium channel opener in exercise induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and @entity548 outcomes of cangrelor in @entity1 in the  CHAMPION PHOENIX (A Clinical Trial Comparing Cangrelor to @entity1397 Standard Therapy in Subjects Who Require Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [PCI]) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with bivalirudin. BACKGROUND: Cangrelor is a potent intravenous @entity3075 inhibitor with rapid onset and offset. In the CHAMPION PHOENIX, cangrelor compared with @entity1397 significantly reduced 48-h @entity63 events including stent @entity715 , without increasing major @entity548 . Bivalirudin has demonstrated @entity63 outcomes similar to those with heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition, with reduced @entity548 but increased early stent @entity715 . METHODS: In the modified intent-to-treat population, 2,059 @entity1 (18.8%) received bivalirudin, with 1,014 @entity1 in the cangrelor treatment arm and 1,045 in the @entity1397 treatment arm. RESULTS: At 48 h, the primary endpoint of @entity204 , @entity583 , @entity63 -driven revascularization, or stent @entity715 was lower with cangrelor versus @entity1397 (48 [4.7%] vs. 70 [6.7%]; odds ratio [OR]: 0.68, p  = 0.047). Death was similar in both arms (2 [0.2%] vs. 2 [0.2%]). @entity583 was reduced by cangrelor (37 [3.6%] vs. 59  [5.6%]; OR: 0.63, p  = 0.03), as was @entity204 / @entity583 (39 [3.8%] vs. 61 [5.8%]; OR: 0.65, p  = 0.04). Cangrelor was associated with a nonsignificant trend toward less stent @entity715 (7 [0.7%] vs. 15 [1.4%]; OR: 0.48, p  =  0.10), which was evident within 2 hours after percutaneous coronary intervention (p  = 0.057). GUSTO (Global Use  of  Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries) severe @entity548 was similar in both arms (2/1,021 [0.2%] vs. 2/1,055 [0.2%]) as were other @entity548 definitions and transfusions. Efficacy and safety results were consistent in @entity1 with @entity5749 , non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 , and ST-segment elevation @entity583 (p  for interaction: 0.62 and 0.29). CONCLUSIONS: Cangrelor may offer an attractive benefit risk profile when used in combination with @entity20550 .

title: Outcomes With Cangrelor Versus XXXX on a Background of Bivalirudin: Insights From the CHAMPION PHOENIX (A Clinical Trial  Comparing Cangrelor to @entity1397 Standard Therapy  in  Subjects Who Require Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [PCI]).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity20550 :: ('MESH:C074619', 'Chemical') :: ['bivalirudin']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['Clopidogrel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 experience local recurrence or @entity3 after receiving potentially curative treatment, and early detection of these events is important for disease control. Recent technological advances make it possible to use blood plasma containing circulating cell-free @entity5 DNA (ctDNA) as a liquid biopsy. In this case report we show how serial liquid biopsies can be used to monitor the disease course and detect disease recurrence in a @entity242 @entity1 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old male presented with a rapidly growing, @entity158 palpable mass in the left groin region, and a biopsy revealed a high-grade malignant spindle cell @entity242 . No @entity3 were detected on radiologic imaging scans. Using targeted resequencing with a custom 900 @entity5 gene panel, eight somatic mutations among them @entity984 and @entity1265 , were identified in the primary @entity5 . Targeted resequencing of plasma cell-free DNA (ctDNA) collected before and after surgery and at disease progression confirmed the presence of six of eight mutations at all three time points. The ctDNA level, estimated from the somatic allele frequencies of these six mutations, was high in plasma taken at the time of surgery, at levels similar to the primary @entity5 . Detection of low levels of ctDNA three days after surgery indicated persistent microscopic disease. Repeated radiologic imaging six weeks postoperatively showed widespread @entity3 in the lungs, skeleton and the pelvic region. At this time point there was a dramatic increase in the ctDNA level, reflecting the disease progression of the @entity1 . The @entity1 had an unusually aggressive @entity5 , and succumbed to the disease 13  weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This case report demonstrated that targeted resequencing of ctDNA from longitudinal collected plasma can be used to monitor disease progression in a soft tissue @entity242 @entity1 , including manifestation of @entity3 . The ctDNA represented the genomic profile of the @entity5 , supporting clinical use of liquid biopsies to identify @entity5 -specific mutations as well as recurrent disease.

title: Use of liquid biopsies to monitor disease progression in a @entity242 XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnostic yields for @entity1512 from CT guided biopsy is low. In the recent years, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has shown to have a low morbidity and faster recovery. For spinal infections, MIS surgery may offer an opportunity for @entity158 control while obtaining a higher diagnostic yield than CT-guided biopsies. The aim of this study was to review our @entity1 who underwent MIS surgery for spinal infection and report outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective review of seven @entity1 who underwent MIS decompression and/or discectomy in the setting of @entity1512 , @entity4034 , @entity1512 , and/or an @entity7181 was identified. @entity1 data including symptoms, visual analog score (VAS), surgical approach, antibiotic regimen, and postoperative outcomes were obtained. RESULTS: Of the 7 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 had lumbar infections and two had @entity281 . All seven @entity1 improved in VAS immediately after surgery and at discharge. The average VAS improved by 4.4    1.9 points. An organism was obtained in 6 of the 7 (85%) @entity1 by the operative cultures. All @entity1 made an excellent clinical recovery without the need for further spine surgery. All @entity1 who received postoperative imaging on follow-up showed complete resolution or dramatically improved magnetic resonance imaging changes. The follow-up ranged from 2 to 9 months. CONCLUSIONS: MIS surgery provides an opportunity for @entity158 relief in @entity1 with @entity1512 , @entity4034 , @entity1512 , and/or @entity7181 by directly addressing the primary cause of @entity158 . MIS surgery for @entity1512 provides a higher diagnostic yield to direct antibiotic treatment. MIS surgery results in good long-term recovery.

title: The role of minimally invasive spine surgery in the management of pyogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['discitis', 'spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['early pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['epidural abscess']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['spinal discitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report a series of reoperations in 23 @entity1 who had undergone previous @entity1498 repair. METHODS: The medical records of these @entity1 were reviewed, and the @entity1 were followed up by telephone interview. Mean age at reoperation was 25 years. There was a mean of 18 years between @entity1613 repair and reoperation. Indications for reoperation included recoarctation (9 @entity1 ), @entity449 (8), @entity292 with exsanguinating @entity548 (2), @entity475 (1), @entity1756 (1), @entity1756 (1), and supramitral stenosing ring (1). RESULTS: There were no specific @entity3816 . Three @entity1 required reexploration for @entity548 . An @entity63 lower limb developed in 1 @entity1 secondary to a common femoral @entity2500 , which necessitated embolectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Reoperation for postcoarctation repair @entity1 can be performed with good results. Sudden life-threatening @entity548 due to @entity292 in @entity1 having undergone Dacron patch aortoplasty, as well as long-term obstructive phenomena seen anywhere along the left ventricular outflow tract, make lifelong surveillance of these @entity1 mandatory.

title: Reoperation and XXXX : the need for lifelong surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acutely ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['artery embolus']

entities_list: @entity475 :: ('MESH:C564793', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['aortobronchial fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial coarctation']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured thoracic aneurysm', 'ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['coarctation of the aorta']


abstract: Cell-free protein synthesizing systems prepared from heat-shocked Ehrlich cells retain the inhibition of translation that is seen at the cellular level. Recently, we showed that a highly purified cap-binding protein complex composed of the @entity5290 and @entity4454 subunits of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F, in a 1:1 molar ratio, restores protein synthesis in these cell-free translation systems (Lamphear, B.J., and Panniers, R. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 5333-5336). Here we have estimated the amount of cap-binding complex in cell extracts that can restore protein synthesis in heat-shocked cells. We find reduced restoring activity in heat-shocked cell extracts. Further, less cap-binding complex can be purified by @entity13355 Sepharose affinity chromatography from heat-shocked cell extracts, and we conclude that @entity1457 impairs the binding of complex to 5' mRNA cap. We have ruled out proteolysis and competitive inhibitors as mediators of this impairment. However we cannot distinguish between two possible explanations: (i) reduced association of @entity5290 with @entity4454 or (ii) a non-competitive inhibitor blocks complex binding to cap. We have also examined the affect of @entity1457 on the phosphorylation state of two forms of @entity4454 , @entity5290 . @entity4454 complex and @entity4454 free of @entity5290 . Both forms have reduced levels of phosphorylation during @entity1457 . The significance of these changes is discussed.

title: XXXX impairs the interaction of cap-binding protein complex with 5' mRNA cap.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity13355 :: ('MESH:C017516', 'Chemical') :: ['7-methyl-guanosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['Heat shock']


abstract: 1. The apical to basolateral transmucosal flux of albumin has been measured in isolated sheets of @entity291 @entity5932 . Under resting conditions the net unidirectional flux in the bronchial mucosa was not significantly different from that measured previously for the basolateral to apical vector. In contrast, the apical to basolateral flux in the tracheal mucosa was significantly lower than that measured in the opposite direction. 2. Addition of @entity840 peritoneal eosinophils to the apical side of the tissues had no significant effect on the transmucosal flux of albumin in either the @entity5932 . 3. When eosinophils were stimulated with the ionophore @entity3365 or by opsonic adherence to tissues treated with a guinea-pig anti-bovine airway epithelium antibody, the bronchial mucosal sheets that had been exposed showed a significant increase in the transmucosal flux of albumin. However, tissues from the tracheal mucosa were resistant to the effects of stimulated eosinophils. 4. Histologically, sheets of mucosa from @entity291 main bronchi that had been exposed to stimulated eosinophils were characterized by @entity130 consisting of loss of columnar epithelium from the underlying basal cell layer and biomatrix. Much less evidence of cellular injury was observed in tracheal tissues. 5. Bacterial collagenases applied to the apical side of the sheets were shown to increase the permeability of the bronchial mucosa to albumin and to produce histological changes that had similarities with the pattern of damage produced by stimulated eosinophils. 6. These observations demonstrate that the ability of eosinophils to injure the bronchial mucosa is independent of the side of the tissue on which they are present. Furthermore, key aspects of the injury process may be reproduced, at least in part, by metalloproteinases.

title: Stimulated eosinophils and proteinases augment the transepithelial flux of albumin in XXXX bronchial mucosa.

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial and tracheal mucosa', 'bronchial or tracheal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial injury']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the expression, release, and proteolytic degradation of galectin-3 in @entity1 with @entity2194 . DESIGN: Observational case series with a comparison group. METHODS: Tear washes and conjunctival impression cytology specimens were collected through standard procedures from 16 @entity1 with @entity936 and 11 age-matched healthy subjects. Galectin-3 content in tears was analyzed by quantitative Western blot, using recombinant galectin-3 protein to generate a calibration curve. The relative expression of galectin-3 and @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The cleavage of galectin-3 was studied in  vitro using activated recombinant @entity1495 and protease inhibitors. RESULTS: The concentration of galectin-3 protein in tears, but not galectin-3 expression in conjunctival epithelium, was significantly higher in tears of @entity1 with @entity936 (0.38  ng/ g total protein, range 0.04-1.36) compared to healthy subjects (0.12  ng/ g total protein, range 0.00-0.41) (P < .01). By Western blot, an intact (   28.0  kDa) galectin-3 band was identified in tear samples from healthy subjects, whereas 50% of the @entity936 samples were characterized by the additional presence of a partially degraded form (   25.4  kDa). In our experiments, elevated expression of @entity1495 in @entity936 subjects correlated with the ability of active @entity1495 to cleave galectin-3 from recombinant origin. Interestingly, cleavage of endogenous galectin-3 in tear samples was impaired using a broad-spectrum proteinase inhibitor cocktail, but not the pan-specific MMP inhibitor @entity718 , suggesting the presence of proteases other than MMPs in promoting galectin-3 degradation in @entity936 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that release of cellular galectin-3 into tears is associated with @entity409 in @entity936 , and that galectin-3 proteolytic cleavage may contribute to impaired ocular surface barrier function.

title: Alteration of Galectin-3 in Tears of @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 9', 'MMP9']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Dry Eye Disease']


abstract: Twenty-one cases of primary small bowel @entity5 treated at our institution from 1983 to 1993 were reviewed. The mean age at diagnosis was 51.6 +/- 16.8 years. Twelve @entity1 (57%) reported symptoms of less than 1 month duration. Diagnosis was made at laparotomy in 13 @entity1 (62%), and nine @entity1 (43%) had three or more preoperative studies. Five @entity1 (24%) presented with @entity1661 . The 5-year survival rate for the series was 19 per cent. This study was performed at a tertiary care military hospital where @entity1 and physicians are not subjected to the financial constraints of civilian health care. This system should eliminate delays in seeking medical care and expedite diagnosis. Despite almost immediate medical attention for a majority of the @entity1 , overall survival is not significantly different from that in previous reviews. This study emphasizes that the presentation of small bowel @entity5 is indolent and difficult to diagnose. Prognosis remains poor despite the @entity1 cost-free system and almost immediate medical attention. This study suggests that a high index of suspicion and a thorough evaluation, including laparotomy, are required to improve outcome.

title: The influence of a Federal comprehensive health care system on the detection and outcome of primary small bowel XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal emergencies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: @entity99 of @entity10049 (FUDR) via an implanted pump has shown promise in the treatment of @entity14 metastasized to the liver. However, the potential benefit of this therapy may be offset by the high incidence of treatment-limiting @entity137 . Although weekly HIA bolus of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) is effective against metastatic @entity14 with no @entity137 , it is limited by systemic side effects. In December 1986, we began a phase II trial of alternating HIA FUDR and @entity1487 via the implanted pump in an attempt to extend the duration of treatment by obviating the limiting biliary (FUDR) and systemic ( @entity1487 ) drug toxic effects. @entity1 received continuous HIA FUDR at 0.1 mg/kg of body weight per day on days 1 through 8 followed by an HIA bolus of @entity1487 at 15 mg/kg given via the pump sideport on days 15, 22, and 29, with the cycle repeated every 35 days. Sixty-eight @entity1 were enrolled in this trial, and 64 were fully evaluable. Of the 64 @entity1 , 30 (47%) previously had received chemotherapy. Major response (complete response plus partial response) was observed in 32 (50%) of 64 @entity1 , and the median survival from pump implantation in all @entity1 was 22.4 months. In contrast to the experience with the single-agent HIA FUDR regimen, no @entity1 had treatment terminated because of @entity137 . Alternating HIA FUDR and @entity1487 has efficacy similar to that of HIA FUDR given alone, but when closely monitored and adjusted appropriately, is not associated with toxic effects requiring treatment termination.

title: Alternating hepatic intra-arterial @entity10049 and XXXX : a less toxic regimen for treatment of liver metastases from @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity', 'biliary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['floxuridine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer to the liver', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic intra-arterial (HIA) infusion']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) represents a key event for the pathogenesis of postangioplasty restenosis. @entity22 ( @entity22 ) form essential components of the prereplicative complex at DNA replication origins and are regulated by E2F. The present studies were designed to investigate the signal transduction pathways controlling the expression of @entity33096 and @entity10362 in VSMC in response to mitogenic stimuli. @entity33096 and @entity10362 expression was substantially increased after stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor-BB and insulin. Pretreatment with @entity4286 , a specific inhibitor of the @entity3963 ( @entity3963 )-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), competely inhibited the mitogen-induced @entity33096 and @entity10362 mRNA and protein expression, demonstrating a critical role for this pathway in transmitting transmembrane signals required for the initiation of DNA replication. The p38MAPK inhibitor @entity1441 , the @entity4357 3 kinase (PI3-kinase) pathway inhibitor @entity2307 , and the protein kinase C pathway (PKC) inhibitor G   6976 did not significantly affect mitogen-induced @entity33096 and @entity10362 expression. Transient transfection experiments revealed that @entity4286 inhibited mitogen-induced @entity33096 and @entity10362 transcriptional activation. In addition, blockade of @entity3963 /MAPK signaling with @entity4286 strongly inhibited phosphorylation of the @entity995 protein (Rb) and activity of a luciferase reporter plasmid driven by multiple E2F elements. Inhibition of mitogen-induced @entity33096 and @entity10362 expression by @entity4286 was reversed by ectopic overexpression of E2F, indicating that @entity3963 /MAPK signaling is required for events that occur upstream of E2F release from phosphorylated Rb. In combination, these data demonstrate that the @entity3963 /MAPK signal transduction pathway plays a central role in regulating E2F-dependent @entity22 expression and DNA replication in VSMC.

title: Expression of minichromosome maintenance proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells is XXXX /MAPK dependent.

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['ERK', 'extracellular signal-regulated kinases']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['MCM', 'Minichromosome maintenance proteins']

answer: @entity3963 :: (5594,Gene) :: ['ERK']


abstract: The diagnosis of acute cellular rejection (ACR) after liver transplantation is based on histological analysis of biopsies because noninvasive biomarkers for allograft rejection are not yet established for clinical routines. @entity2279 , @entity1759 , and chemokine ( @entity373 have previously been described as biomarkers for cross-organ allograft rejection. Here, we assessed the predictive and diagnostic value of these proteins as serum biomarkers for clinically significant ACR in the first 6 months after liver transplantation in a prospective study. The protein levels were measured in 94 @entity1 immediately before transplantation, at postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, 7, and 14 and when biopsies were performed during episodes of biochemical @entity813 . The @entity1759 serum protein levels were significantly lower at @entity773 in @entity1 who experienced histologically proven ACR in the follow-up compared with @entity1 without ACR (P   <   0.001). @entity373 was significantly higher before transplantation (P   =   0.049) and at @entity773 (P   <   0.001) in these @entity1 . Low @entity1759 values (cutoff, <200.5 ng/mL) or high @entity373 values (cutoff, >2.7 ng/mL) at @entity773 differentiated between rejection and no rejection with a sensitivity of 88% or 60% and a specificity of 61% or 79%, respectively. The combination of both biomarker cutoffs at @entity773 had a positive predictive value of 91% and a negative predictive value of 67% for clinically significant ACR. Moreover, @entity1759 was significantly lower at the time of ACR (P   <   0.001) and differentiated the rejection group from @entity1 with @entity813 due to other reasons. Our results suggest that @entity1759 and @entity373 may serve as predictive biomarkers to identify liver allograft recipients at risk for clinically significant ACR.

title: @entity1759 and XXXX serum protein levels predict the risk of clinically significant allograft rejection after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

answer: @entity373 :: (4283,Gene) :: ['CXCL9']


abstract: We are reporting about a case of gamma heavy- @entity66 ( @entity11728 ) with immunovasculitis and @entity309 . The diagnosis was confirmed by the results of immunoelectrophoresis of the patient's serum and also by evidence of stimulated lymphocytes without light chain, but having gamma heavy-chain surface proteins. The immunofixation of the serum showed two protein bands of gamma heavy-chains with different loads. These results are confirmed by a two dimensional electrophoresis and isoelectric focussing of the serum proteins. The pathologic protein consists of at least two different heavy-chain proteins (mol wt 40,000 and 80,000) with isoelectric points between pH 5.5 and 7.3. In the urine of the @entity1 pathological gamma heavy chain-protein was found only in a very low concentration. The predominant clinical symptom of the @entity1 was a @entity1333 which became a therapeutical problem. In the immunofluorescence examination of the skin biopsy specimens, immunoglobulins and C3-complement could be detected in the stratum papillare. This fact would be compatible with the development of antibodies or immune complexes against deposited heavy-chain proteins. The @entity2720 and the positive rheumatoid factor could similarly be explained by an immune complex mechanism.

title: [Gamma 1 heavy @entity66 with @entity1333 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['chain disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity11728 :: ('MESH:D006362', 'Disease') :: ["Franklin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Alpha4beta1 integrin is highly expressed in lymphocytes and is essential in hematopoiesis, extravasation, and the inflammatory response. Alpha4beta1 can be activated by intracellular signals elicited upon T-cell activation by @entity4996 , CD3 crosslinking, or certain chemokine/receptor interactions (inside-out activation). Divalent cations or certain anti- @entity10483 mAbs (i.e., TS2/16) can also bind and activate integrins directly (outside-in activation). In both cases, activation results in increased adhesion and/or affinity for ligands. It is not known if these various stimuli produce the same or different post-adhesion events. To address this, we have studied the cytoskeleton organization and intracellular signaling following activation of 41 in Jurkat cells and in @entity1 T-lymphoblasts. Treatment with @entity3281 , alpha-CD3 mAb or the chemokine SDF-1alpha followed by attachment to the fibronectin fragment H89 or the endothelial molecule @entity4725 (alpha4beta1 ligands), resulted in cell polarization and migration. In contrast, activation with @entity4515 or TS2/16 induced cell spreading and strong adherence. Video microscopy and Transwell analyses confirmed these results, which correlated with different resistance to detachment under flow. Activation of the small GTPase RhoA or transfection with the constitutively active mutants V14RhoA or V12Rac1, abolished the alpha4beta1-induced cell polarization but did not affect cell spreading. Moreover, @entity5180 activity was distinctly modulated by agents that induce a polarized or spread phenotype. The @entity669 kinase @entity25449 was highly phosphorylated upon induction of cell polarity but not during cell spreading. These results reveal novel properties of alpha4beta1 integrin, namely the ability to trigger two types of T-cell cytoskeletal response with different signaling requirements.

title: Activation pathways of alpha4beta1 integrin leading to distinct T-cell cytoskeleton reorganization, @entity5180 regulation and XXXX phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

answer: @entity25449 :: (2185,Gene) :: ['Pyk2']


abstract: Local invasion of @entity5 cells is characteristic of @entity1313 progression. It is associated with increased motility and a potential to hydrolyse macromolecular components of the extracellular matrix. The peptidases that have been most investigated, and are induced during this process, are reviewed: the plasminogen activators (PAs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and lysosomal @entity462 peptidases called cathepsins ( @entity468 ). Increased levels of urokinase-type PA (uPA) are observed mainly at the invasive margins of a @entity5 , whereas the data on the expression of tissue-type PA (tPA) are still controversial. It has been shown that the endogenous inhibitor of PAs, @entity61937 , is localised in both @entity5 and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells. Among MMPs, the expression of the gelatinases, @entity36947 and @entity36946 , strongly correlates with @entity11 progression. Membrane bound MT-MMPs, in particular MT1- and MT2-MMP, seem to play a major role in activating @entity36947 . Several members of the ADAMTS family have also been detected in @entity1313 , the most relevant being @entity61938 , due to its cleavage of CNS specific proteins. Lysosomal @entity61939 is highly expressed in malignant glial cells and in endothelial cells of vascularised @entity463 and is a predictor of a shorter survival. In addition to invasion, @entity61940 may play a role in decreased susceptibility of @entity11 cells to apoptosis. Finally, @entity61939 was proposed as a marker for @entity146 . Each of these peptidases may act alone, or in concert with the others, to support malignant behaviour of @entity1313 cells; the development of new inhibitors of invasion, therefore, should contribute to the control of local spread of a @entity5 .

title: Proteases in XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy in the more aggressive type of meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumour']


abstract: An early phase II study of @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) was conducted in @entity1 with @entity1583 by 4 administration regimens in a cooperative study involving 13 institutes in Japan. The overall response rate was 23% (7/30) for @entity1893 , 33% (1/3) for @entity978 , 18% (2/11) for @entity981 and 7% (1/15) for @entity3052 . One PR was also obtained in a @entity1 with @entity1860 . Among responders, 6 relapsed and refractory @entity706 ( @entity706 ) and 2 relapsed and refractory @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) were involved. The response rates in @entity706 with the regimens B (40 mg/m2 for 5 days every 3-4 weeks) and C (40 mg/m2 for 3 days every weeks) were 31% (5/16) and 33% (3/9), respectively. The other regimens (regimen A, 200 mg/m2 once a day every 3-4 weeks and regimen D) resulted in no response. Responses in @entity3052 were only observed in regimen D (20 mg/m2 twice a day for 7 days every 3-4 weeks). Major @entity137 were @entity1431 (91%), @entity390 / @entity391 (74%), @entity294 (73%) and @entity448 (64%). The incidence of severe @entity344 was higher in regimen B than regimen C. Further studies are warranted to confirm the effectiveness and safety of @entity2600 against @entity706 and @entity3052 . The recommended administration schedule was regimen C for @entity706 and regimen D for @entity3052 .

title: [An early phase II study of @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['CPT-11', 'irinotecan hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas', 'ML']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemias', 'acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological malignancies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the role of hepatic sinusoid capillarization during the formation of portal @entity101 in fibrotic @entity35 induced by @entity1232 ( @entity1233 ). METHODS: Hepatic fibrotic @entity35 were induced by administration of @entity1233 intraperitoneally three times a week for 4 weeks. The @entity35 were harvested on day 2 and weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 and 24. The formation of @entity1575 were observed by morphologic methods. Pressure of portal vein ( @entity2286 ) was directed measured with intubation tube method by mesentry anterior vein. RESULTS: The @entity2286 was getting higher and higher with the administration of @entity1233 . After four weeks, the @entity2286 was higher than that of control [(1.10+/-0.18)kPa vs (0.52+/-0.04)kPa, t=6.41, P<0.01]. The dynamic change of hepatic sinusoid capillarization was in accordance with that of @entity2286 , which normalized gradually after the @entity1233 was stopped. Significant positive correlation existed between the dynamic change of @entity2286 and the expression of vWF, laminin and alpha-SMA in sinus (r=0.833, P<0.01; r=0.953, P<0.01; r=0.919, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Hepatic sinusoid capillarization is the vital cause for portal @entity101 in fibrotic @entity35 induced by @entity1233 .

title: [The role of hepatic sinusoid capillarization during the formation of portal XXXX in fibrotic @entity35 induced by @entity1232 ].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis and hepatic sinusoid capillarization']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean diet is rich in @entity14319 and has been reported to reduce cardiovascular events. The mechanism of prevention of cardiovascular events has not been clearly established. Our aim was to study the effects of a tomatoes-rich diet on markers of @entity32 . METHODS: Plasma concentrations of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were determined by ELISA in 103 apparently healthy volunteers. Volunteers were randomly assigned to two groups: 50 @entity1 ate 300 g tomatoes daily for 1 month, and 53 @entity1 ate their usual diet with tomatoes prohibited during that period. Markers of @entity32 were measured before enrollment and 1 month after their assigned diet. RESULTS: The two diet groups had similar baseline clinical characteristics and similar baseline levels of inflammatory markers. After 30 days of assigned diet concentrations of hs-CRP, E-selectin and ICAM-1 were unchanged compared with baseline in the @entity523 -rich diet. However, ICAM-1 concentration was increased in the regular diet group from 247.55+/-55 ng/ml to 264.71+/-60.42 ng/ml (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The mechanisms of benefit of the @entity523 -rich diet are not directly related to inhibition of markers of @entity32 .

title: XXXX -rich (Mediterranean) diet does not modify inflammatory markers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'vascular inflammation']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['Tomato']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    @entity328 contributes considerably to the burden of @entity55 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), with the effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for preventing all-cause @entity55 still undetermined. The aim of this study was to control for common biases and confounders associated with previous observational studies and to assess PPSV23 vaccine effectiveness in preventing @entity3 and the most resource-intensive type of community-acquired @entity55 , hospital-treated @entity55 (HTP). METHODS:    This was a retrospective case-control study nested in a population-based cohort, with age-, sex-, and risk-matched controls as the base case. Demographic information, laboratory data, and diagnoses were extracted from the chronic disease registry and from inpatient and outpatient records in the Clalit Health Services database. Vaccine effectiveness for PPSV23 was assessed using multivariable conditional logistic regression. Subgroup, sensitivity, and secondary analyses were conducted to validate findings. RESULTS:    A total of 470 070 individuals aged >= 65 years were members of Clalit Health Services during the study period (1 January 2007 through 31 December 2010). The case cohort consisted of 212 @entity1 with @entity3 and 23 441 with HTP. The adjusted association between vaccination and @entity3 was protective (odds ratio [OR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], .41-.81), whereas there was no demonstrated protective effect between vaccination and HTP (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, .97-1.04). The sensitivity analysis and all but 1 subgroup analysis provided consistent results to the base case. CONCLUSIONS:    The PPSV23 vaccine is effective against the most severe invasive forms of @entity66 , but the lack of effectiveness of PPSV23 in protecting against all-cause HTP should be considered for future vaccine policies.

title: Effectiveness of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Against Invasive Disease and XXXX Among @entity1 Aged >= 65 Years: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['IPD', 'invasive pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Hospital-Treated Pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidative damage may lead to the dysfunction of melanocytes (MCs) and is one of the causative mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1694 . OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of the @entity3875 analog @entity56593 on oxidative damage induced by @entity273 ( @entity5568 ) in @entity1 epidermal MCs. METHODS: @entity1 epidermal MCs were cultured and identified by @entity3034 staining and HMB-45 immunohistochemical staining. The model of oxidative damage induced by @entity5568 was established, and the cells were treated with @entity56593 . The viability of MCs was determined using an MTS assay. Morphological changes in cell dendrites were observed by microscopy, and the rate of change of dendrites was calculated. The reactive @entity26 species (ROS) level in MCs was determined using immunofluorescence microscopy. @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activity and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels in MCs were determined using the WST-1 and TBA methods, respectively. RESULTS: In comparison with the control group, the viability of MCs and SOD activity were significantly decreased in the @entity5568 group (P  <  0.05) and significantly increased in the @entity56593 group (P  <  0.05). In comparison with the control group, the rate of change of cell dendrites and levels of ROS and @entity1865 were significantly increased in the @entity5568 group (P  <  0.05) and significantly decreased in the @entity56593 group (P  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity56593 can reduce oxidative damage induced by @entity5568 in MCs by inhibiting intracellular ROS overproduction, increasing SOD activity, and decreasing the level of @entity1865 , thereby reducing cell apoptosis.

title: Protective effects of XXXX against oxidative damage in @entity1 epidermal melanocytes.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['Superoxide']

entities_list: @entity56593 :: ('MESH:C023850', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacalcitol', 'tacalcitol']

answer: @entity56593 :: (MESH:C023850,Chemical) :: ['tacalcitol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between individual health beliefs and risk factors for @entity301 . DESIGN: Health beliefs indices, formed by factorial analysis of ratings of statements on health related matters in a questionnaire, were related to risk factors for @entity301 , assessed with physical examinations and self reports of medical history and habits. SETTING: An urban primary care district in Malm  , Sweden. SUBJECTS: A random sample of middle-aged @entity1 , invited to a health check-up. RESULTS: The participation rate was 453/705 (64%). "Perceived threat to health caused by illness" was positively related to previous @entity101 , high plasma @entity165 , and/or @entity6 (p = 0.01). In a model of logistic regression, adjusted for age, cohabitation, and previous medical history, health belief index on "threat to health" was related to low exercise habits (RR = 1.06, CI 1.01, 1.12). "Perceived control over illness" was related to high @entity167 consumption (RR = 0.86, CI 0.75, 0.97), smoking (RR = 0.89, CI 0.79, 0.99), and high diastolic blood pressure (RR = 0.84, CI 0.75, 0.95). CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional study demonstrates relations between health beliefs, previous health-related experiences, and risk behaviour. To explore the causality of the former, longitudinal studies of changes in health beliefs after medical information are required.

title: Health beliefs and heart disease risk among middle-aged Swedish XXXX . Results from screening in an urban primary care district.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['information on high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare recovery for oral surgery @entity1 given a deep sedation regimen of @entity1363 , @entity1875 , and @entity1937 with a standard control of @entity3575 in place of @entity1937 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This investigation was designed as a randomized, prospective, single-blinded controlled study. Group 1, the control, received @entity1363 0.03 mg/kg, @entity3575 1 microg/kg, and @entity1875 initially at 140 microg/kg/min. Group 2 received @entity1363 0.03 mg/kg, @entity1937 : @entity1875 (1:500) given at an initial @entity1875 infusion rate of 40 microg/kg/min. Outcome measures included time to response to verbal command, Aldrete score = 9, Postanesthesia Discharge Scoring System = 7, and assessment by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. RESULTS: Forty-seven subjects were entered in the study. Baseline findings were homogenous between the 2 groups. Subjects in group 2 recovered earlier (P < .005) and required less @entity1875 for both the induction (0.8 +/- 0.4 versus 1.2 +/- 0.6 mg/kg; mean +/- SD, P < .01) and maintenance of deep sedation (46 +/- 9 versus 131 +/- 17 microg/kg/min; P < .005). There were minor differences in vital signs. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that this @entity1937 regimen provided significantly more rapid recovery and used significantly less @entity1875 compared with the @entity3575 regimen.

title: Comparison of XXXX with @entity3575 for deep sedation in oral surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['remifentanil']