abstract: BACKGROUND: Volatile general anesthetics inhibit neurotransmitter release by an unknown mechanism. A mutation in the presynaptic soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein @entity19082 1A was previously shown to antagonize the anesthetic @entity5161 in @entity2199 . The mechanism underlying this antagonism may identify presynaptic anesthetic targets relevant to @entity1 anesthesia. METHODS: Sensitivity to @entity5161 concentrations in the @entity1 clinical range was measured in locomotion assays on adult @entity2199 . Sensitivity to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor aldicarb was used as an assay for the global level of @entity2199 neurotransmitter release. Comparisons of @entity5161 sensitivity (measured by the EC50) were made by simultaneous curve fitting and F test as described by Waud. RESULTS: Expression of a truncated @entity19082 fragment (residues 1-106) antagonized @entity5161 sensitivity in @entity2199 . This portion of @entity19082 interacts with the presynaptic protein @entity19083 , suggesting the hypothesis that truncated @entity19082 binds to @entity19083 and antagonizes an inhibitory effect of @entity5161 on @entity19083 function. Consistent with this hypothesis, overexpression of @entity19083 suppressed the @entity5161 resistance of the truncated syntaxins, and @entity19083 loss-of-function mutants were highly @entity5161 resistant. Normal anesthetic sensitivity was restored by full-length @entity19083 , by a shortened form of @entity19083 lacking a C2 domain, but not by a membrane-targeted @entity19083 that might bypass @entity5161 inhibition of membrane translocation of @entity19083 . @entity5161 was found to inhibit synaptic localization of @entity19083 . CONCLUSIONS: These data show that @entity19083 , an evolutionarily conserved protein that promotes neurotransmitter release, is necessary for @entity5161 sensitivity in @entity2199 and suggest that its vertebrate homologs may be a component of the general anesthetic mechanism.

title: An evolutionarily conserved presynaptic protein is required for XXXX sensitivity in @entity2199 .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: The entomopathogenic bacterium @entity15402 produces two types of intracellular inclusion bodies during in vitro culture. Large cigar-shaped inclusions (designated type 1) and smaller ovoid inclusions (designated type 2) were purified from cell lysates, using differential centrifugation in discontinuous @entity653 gradients and isopycnic density gradient centrifugation in @entity4946 . The inclusions, composed almost exclusively of protein, are readily soluble at high and low pH values and in the presence of cation chelators such as @entity1098 , anionic detergents ( @entity3208 ), or protein denaturants ( @entity1133 , @entity15403 ). @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis of purified inclusions revealed a single 26-kilodalton protein (IP-1) in type 1 inclusions and a 22-kilodalton protein (IP-2) in type 2 inclusions. Analysis of these proteins by isoelectric focusing in the presence of 8 M @entity1133 showed that IP-1 is acidic and IP-2 is neutral. Furthermore, each protein occurred in multiple forms differing slightly in isoelectric point. Other variations in peptides released by trypsin digestion, immunological properties, and @entity535 composition revealed significant structural differences between IP-1 and IP-2. Kinetic studies using light microscopy, @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, and immunoblotting procedures showed that inclusion protein synthesis occurs only during the second half of exponential culture growth. Synthesis of inclusion proteins and their aggregation to form inclusions occurred concurrently. Possible functions for these abundant proteins are discussed.

title: Protein inclusions produced by the entomopathogenic bacterium XXXX subsp. nematophilus.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate', 'Sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4946 :: ('MESH:D003973', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium diatrizoate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity15402 :: ('628', 'Species') :: ['Xenorhabdus nematophilus subsp. nematophilus']

answer: @entity15402 :: (628,Species) :: ['Xenorhabdus nematophilus']


abstract: Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular-weight proteins with specific binding for group II metal ions. MTs are involved in the detoxification of metals, but can also play a role in protection of the cell against certain anticancer agents and from damage of irradiation. High expression of MTs in primary @entity0 has been found to be associated with poorer prognosis. Expression of MT (MT) was examined immunohistochemically in 160 @entity0 and their concomitant lymph node @entity3 . The immunoreactivity appeared to be independent of the length of fixation when the section was microwaved before incubation with the primary antibody, a monoclonal antibody E-9. The findings were correlated with various histopathological factors, disease-free survival and over-all survival. @entity1 were divided into two groups, those with MT over-expression (above 10% of positive @entity5 cells), and those with low MT expression (below 10% positive). MT over-expression was found to be correlated with postmenopausal status and inversely with positive @entity1420 receptor status ( @entity7273 ). MT over-expression showed statistically significant correlation with poor over-all survival. No differences in survival were seen between pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 . @entity7273 was in univariate analysis a poor prognostic parameter. In one fourth of the @entity1 , the lymph node @entity3 showed increased MT expression compared with the primary @entity5 . These @entity1 had a poorer, but not statistically significant different survival. MT expression was not correlated to chemo- or radiation therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunohistochemical detection of metallothionein in primary @entity0 and their axillary lymph node XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors of intraoperative @entity4144 in @entity454 @entity1 undergoing parathyroidectomy (PTx) with autotransplantation (AT). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Operating room of a tertiary care medical center. @entity1 : Thirty-two adult, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 2 and 3 @entity1 with @entity3528 aged between 31 and 72years scheduled for PTx with AT. MEASUREMENTS: Laboratory chemistries (intact parathyroid hormone, @entity4024 , @entity3529 , @entity9495 , P, arterial blood gas) were obtained before surgery and at 2 time points during surgery. The first chemistry levels during surgery were checked after the first 2 parathyroid glands had been removed, and the second levels were checked after wound closure. Statistical analysis was performed using t test, Fisher exact test, the receiver operating characteristic curve method, as appropriate. MAIN RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (25%) developed @entity4144 during surgery. The @entity4144 @entity1 had younger age (42  11.44years vs 52.58  11.83years, P=.044) and a male dominance (odds ratio, 11.4; P=.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.74-74.65). The cutoff for age was 40.5years, according to the highest value for sensitivity plus specificity of the receiver operating characteristic curve. There was a higher incidence of intraoperative @entity4144 in younger @entity1 than in older @entity1 (odds ratio, 8.33; P=.023; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-49.87) as well as a significant increase in @entity972 level during surgery in younger male @entity1 (P=.005 and .002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The anesthesiologist should be aware of the complications of intraoperative @entity4144 during PTx with AT, especially in @entity454 @entity1 younger than 40years.

title: Young age, male sex, and @entity454 with @entity3528 as risk factors for intraoperative XXXX during parathyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'male end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity4144 :: (MESH:D006947,Disease) :: ['hyperkalemia']


abstract: Since @entity6566 at the dosages used to treat @entity281 has little direct @entity137 , most of the post-treatment reactions (termed Mazzotti reactions in onchocerciasis) result from the immunological inflammatory mechanisms activated in the process of clearing and killing the skin-swelling or blood-borne microfilariae. These reactions may be either localized to the skin, eyes or lymphatics or generalized systemically (e.g. @entity10 , @entity221 , @entity3018 , @entity4841 , tachypnoea, @entity591 , @entity551 and even death). The occurrence and intensity of such reactions can be shown to be related to the intensity of infection. It had previously been speculated that the best candidates for triggering these post-treatment reactions were activation of complement, immediate @entity56 responses mediated by immunoglobulin E, and degranulation of eosinophils with resultant inflammatory reactivity. Recent detailed studies have given little support to the primacy of either complement or immediate @entity56 responses in triggering such reactions, but eosinophil degranulation with the release of inflammatory mediators into the tissues and peripheral blood is extremely prominent in all @entity1 undergoing post-treatment reactions and develops with a time course generally consistent with what would be required of an initiator of such reactions. Other inflammatory mediators and pathways may be involved (e.g. kinins, @entity2918 , immune complexes, @entity4443 , platelets and parasite-derived inflammatory molecules), but there is currently no evidence to implicate any of these mechanisms as initiators of the response. Symptomatic treatment of these post-treatment reactions with analgesics, antipyretics, antihypotensive agents etc. has been successful, but their prevention has been achieved only with the broadly anti-inflammatory corticosteroids.

title: Description, mechanisms and control of reactions to treatment in the XXXX filariases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['filarial infections']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Although high doses of glucocorticoids are believed to cause @entity604 , the effects of low glucocorticoid doses are still controversial. Our study examined the effects of low-dose glucocorticoids on the rate of @entity604 at three appendicular bone sites. The study population was a cohort of elderly Japanese-Americans, 1094 @entity1 and 1378 @entity1 . The @entity1 were all postmenopausal. At the baseline examination the mean age of the @entity1 was 64 years (range 45-81), and the mean age of the @entity1 was 68 years (range 61-82). Glucocorticoid users (19 @entity1 and 21 @entity1 ) had used oral systemic or inhaled glucocorticoids on a regular schedule for more than 1 month (mean use was 2.1 years for the @entity1 and 1.9 years for the @entity1 ). The most common dose was equivalent to 5 mg/day of @entity229 ; fewer than 15% of users had taken doses equivalent to 10 mg/day or more. Changes in bone mass at the calcaneus, distal radius, and proximal radius were documented using bone densitometry at 1 to 2-year intervals over an 8-year period. The initial bone mass of the glucocorticoid users and controls was similar at the baseline examination. The subsequent loss rates among females during glucocorticoid use, however, were approximately double that of the controls. Among males, @entity604 rates during glucocorticoid use were 2-3 times that of controls for the calcaneus and radius sites. The differences between glucocorticoid users and controls persisted after adjusting for confounding variables such as age and use of @entity7206 and @entity172 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Users of low-dose glucocorticoids have increased XXXX rates: a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity82 is a long-term consequence of chronic @entity99 with @entity82 . No effective therapy is currently available for decompensated @entity82 except liver transplantation. Hence, we investigated the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on @entity1575 in a @entity7008 ( @entity2796 )-induced cirrhotic @entity35 model. METHODS: The BM-MSCs were injected directly into the right liver lobe twice, at 6 and 8  weeks during the 12-week @entity2796 administration, in @entity7008 ( @entity2796 )-induced cirrhotic @entity35 model, and @entity1575 was evaluated. At 12  weeks, the effect of BM-MSCs on @entity1575 was analyzed histomorphologically using the Laennec @entity82 scoring system, and the collagen proportionate area was quantified. @entity82 -related factors, such as @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ), type 1 collagen (collagen-1), a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), and P- @entity15927 / @entity15927 expression levels, were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays. RESULTS: According to the Laennec @entity82 scoring system, histological improvement was observed in @entity1575 after BM-MSC treatment (P <0.01). The percentage of the collagen proportionate area decreased from 16.72        5.51 to 5.06        1.27 after BM-MSC treatment (P <0.01). The content of hepatic @entity720 was significantly lower in the BM-MSC treated group (46.25        13.19) compared to the untreated cirrhotic group (85.81        17.62; P <0.01). BM-MSC administration significantly decreased @entity1810 , collagen-1, and a-SMA expression in @entity2796 -induced cirrhotic @entity35 (P <0.01). We also confirmed P- @entity15927 / @entity15927 , downstream effectors of the @entity1810 signaling pathway, and found that MSC transplantation inhibited @entity15927 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: BM-MSC treatment attenuated @entity1575 in @entity35 with @entity2796 -induced @entity82 , raising the possibility of the clinical use of BM-MSCs in the treatment of @entity82 .

title: Effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on @entity1575 in a @entity7008 -induced cirrhotic XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis', 'Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor b1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Histological and other markers alone cannot predict the risk of disease progression in node-negative @entity0 . Several genomic aberrations have been linked to clinical outcome in @entity0 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In this study, comparative genomic hybridization was applied to screen for specific DNA copy number gains and losses in 20 @entity2558 /pT2 node-negative invasive @entity513 with no disease recurrence with at least 8 years of follow-up and in 20 @entity2558 /pT2 node-negative @entity5 with distant disease recurrence. RESULTS: The number of genomic aberrations (copy number gains and losses) per @entity5 was significantly higher in @entity5 with disease recurrence (P < 0.05). The number of genomic aberrations was associated with histological grade (P < 0.02). Within the group of @entity5 with disease recurrence, the total number of genetic aberrations per @entity5 (P < 0.02) and the number of DNA sequence losses per @entity5 (P < 0.01) were significantly associated with poor survival. Of the individual loci involved, only losses at chromosomes 11p (P < 0.002) and 18q (P < 0.004) were associated with poor survival in the recurrence group. Histological grade and loss of 18q were independent prognostic variables in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This genome-wide analysis by comparative genomic hybridization suggests that node-negative @entity0 with a high number of genomic aberrations have an increased risk of disease recurrence. The number of DNA sequence losses, particularly losses of chromosomes 11p and 18q, were associated with poor prognosis. Genes on chromosomes 11p and 18q may play a role in the progression of @entity0 .

title: DNA sequence losses on chromosomes 11p and 18q are associated with clinical outcome in lymph node-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['ductal breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer', 'ductal breast cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['ductal breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enterocutaneous fistulae (ECFs) present a difficult management problem and can cause significant morbidity. The aim of the study was to assess the outcome of these @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all @entity1 with ECF managed at a tertiary centre between 1996 and 2006 was performed. Demographic, management and outcome data including ECF closure, morbidity and mortality were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 33 @entity1 (17 male) were identified with ECF (median age: 63 years, range: 27-84). The primary aetiology was @entity30 (30%), @entity834 (24%), iatrogenic (18%), mesh (6%), @entity5 (6%) and other (16%). Definitive surgery was undertaken in 21 (64%) at a median of 6.4 months (0.4-72 range) following presentation. Twenty percent of @entity1 required emergency surgical intervention and 5 @entity1 required preoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Surgical management was formal resection and reanastomosis in all @entity1 , with a mean operative time of 4.75 h (standard deviation = 1.8). The median hospital stay for the operative group was 19 days (7-85). Four @entity1 required post-operative TPN with one @entity1 requiring home TPN. Fistula closure rate was 97% (operative group: 21 out of 21; non-operative group: 11 out of 12). Mean follow-up was 37.3 months (0.5-217). Six (19%) operative @entity1 developed @entity292 recurrence. There were two deaths at 2 and 5 months ( @entity292 aetiology malignant @entity694 and @entity1161 , respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with ECF can be treated with low morbidity and low recurrence rate in a multidisciplinary setting. We believe that @entity1 with ECF should be referred to specialist units for management.

title: Enterocutaneous XXXX : a single-centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation enteritis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic fistula']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is the most common @entity74 with a global incidence from 0.1% to 2% in different geographical areas. Histopathology and histochemistry have shown the reduction of melanocytes in achromic patches, but microscopic changes of lesional and non-lesional skin are still not completely understood. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), based on the different light reflectance index of cutaneous structures, allowed in vivo, en face microscopic evaluation of superficial skin layers with a resolution similar to skin histology. AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate RCM features of lesional and non-lesional skin of @entity1694 @entity1 . Moreover, re-pigmented areas were taken into consideration in order to evaluate melanocyte response to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 of different phototypes affected by active @entity1347 and 10 controls were enrolled in the study. In vivo skin imaging was done using a commercially available RCM (Lucid, Vivascope 1500. Re-pigmented areas from 6 to 16 @entity1 (after UVB narrow-band therapy) were also examined. RESULTS: @entity75 showed the disappearance of the bright rings normally seen at the dermo-epidermal junction. Moreover, non-lesional skin of @entity1694 @entity1 showed unexpected changes as the presence of half-rings or scalloped border-like features of the bright papillary rings. In re-pigmented areas after UVB narrow band therapy, the presence of activated, dendritic melanocytes was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Considering our results, and following further studies, RCM clinical applications could be used in the therapeutic monitoring and evaluation of the evolution of @entity1694 .

title: Preliminary evaluation of XXXX using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Vitiligo lesions']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['non-segmental vitiligo']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary disorder']

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['vitiligo']


abstract: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is complicated by @entity358 that manifest posttransplantation. Despite engraftment, susceptibility to @entity281 persists long after reconstitution. Previous work using a @entity19 bone marrow transplant (BMT) model implicated increased @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) in promoting @entity73 (AM) responses. However, mechanisms driving @entity1996 overexpression remained elusive. Previously, @entity641 ( @entity641 ) signaling after BMT was shown to promote hypomethylation of the @entity1996 gene. Here, we provide mechanistic insight into how this occurs and show that @entity641 induces microRNA (miR)-29b while decreasing DNA methyltransferases ( @entity15699 , @entity15700 , and @entity15701 in AMs after BMT. De novo @entity15700 and @entity15701 were decreased upon transient transfection of @entity15702 , resulting in decreased methylation of the @entity1996 promoter and induction of @entity1996 . As a consequence, @entity15702 -driven upregulation of @entity1996 promoted @entity409 , and transfection of BMT AMs with a @entity15702 inhibitor rescued the @entity2348 . @entity15702 -mediated defects in BMT AMs were dependent on increased levels of @entity1421 , as @entity15702 -transfected AMs treated with a novel E prostanoid receptor 2 antagonist abrogated the impaired bacterial killing. We also demonstrate that @entity1 that have undergone HSCT exhibit increased @entity15702 ; thus these studies highlight @entity15702 in driving defective AM responses and identify this miRNA as a potential therapeutic target.

title: XXXX induces microRNA-29b to promote @entity19 alveolar macrophage dysfunction after bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired alveolar macrophage']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor-b']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['AM dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial-killing defect']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

answer: @entity641 :: (21803(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Transforming growth factor-b']


abstract: Liposomal annamycin (L-AN) has shown antitumor activity in preclinical studies. It may selectively target @entity5 and bypass @entity1262 resistance. A total of 13 @entity1 with @entity632 -resistant @entity0 were treated on this phase II study. The median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was two, and six @entity1 had two or more organ sites of involvement. L-AN was administered at 190-250 mg/m(2) as an i.v. infusion over 1-2 h every 3 weeks. No responses were observed. Of the 13 @entity1 , 12 had @entity16488 and new @entity5 growth after one or two courses. The 13th @entity1 had prolonged grade 2 @entity882 after one course, and was taken off study when the lung metastases increased 62 days after treatment. L-AN at this dose and on this schedule had no detectable antitumor activity in @entity1 with @entity632 -resistant metastatic @entity0 .

title: Phase II study of liposomal annamycin in the treatment of XXXX -resistant @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity16488 :: ('MESH:D018262', 'Disease') :: ['clear deterioration']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: Using porous cell culture chambers, we have simultaneously assessed growth and locomotion of @entity5 cells to investigate whether certain agents affect cell motility in addition to cell division. First, cells from a @entity19 @entity1492 cell line, 1.0/L1, were grown in ordinary flask cultures to determine appropriate cell inocula. Doses of agents were selected to reduce the final 4 day culture cellularity to about 50%, when present during the last two days of culturing. Secondly, the effects of these agents on cell numbers in the porous chambers and on cell migration out of the chambers ('emigration fraction') were recorded. We also examined, using a similar type of porous chamber, whether the agents could affect leucocyte chemotaxis. @entity1862 (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) reduced @entity5 cell emigration as well as cell growth, without interfering with leucocyte chemotaxis. @entity2389 (a microfilament disrupting agent) inhibited @entity5 and growth, as well as leucocyte chemotaxis. @entity5713 (a microtubule disrupting agent), at the very low dose chosen, reduced @entity5 cell growth, but did not consistently affect the migration of either cell type. The experimental anti- @entity3 agent @entity10976 reduced growth, but had no detectable effects on motility. High doses of natural @entity19 @entity12419 /beta weakly inhibited both @entity5 cell growth and locomotion. This motivates for further studies of these and other cytokines, as treatment with agents inhibiting @entity5 cell locomotion might possibly prevent peri-operative spread of @entity5 in @entity1 .

title: Simultaneous assessment of migration and proliferation of @entity19 @entity1492 cells, as affected by @entity1862 , XXXX , @entity2389 , @entity10976 and interferon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer cell motility']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinblastine']

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['vinblastine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The predominant approach to clinically applied adaptive radiotherapy (ART) for @entity150 is daily selection of treatment plans from a plan library. In this study we have compared two clinical strategies for creating multiple planning target volumes ( @entity343 ) for ART of @entity150 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Online ART delivering 60Gy in 30 fractions to the whole bladder was simulated for ten @entity1 using two methods of creating plan libraries. In the RepeatCT method four planning CT scans were acquired at 15-min intervals, generating four CTVs with different bladder volumes. In the RepeatCBCT method one planning CT and four daily cone-beam CT images were combined using Boolean operators to form three composite CTVs. Plan selection rates and @entity343 volumes were evaluated, with the selected volumes averaged across 30 treatment fractions (PTVmean). RESULTS: The PTVmean volume was on average 80cm(3) smaller (p<0.001) in the RepeatCT method than in the RepeatCBCT method. Compared to the non-adaptive treatment, the PTVmean was reduced by 46% (range 33-53%, RepeatCT) and 36% (range 27-44%, RepeatCBCT). CONCLUSIONS: Both methods reduced the PTVmean volume compared to the non-adaptive approach, but the reduction was larger using the strategy with repeat planning CT imaging. However, the strategy with combined CT and repeat CBCT imaging produced a more adequate range of @entity343 volumes.

title: A comparison between two clinically applied plan library strategies in adaptive radiotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and functional findings recently reported in the medical literature for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2415 involving the @entity1315 and @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) involving the lower lobes. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with @entity2415 and @entity2416 were identified retrospectively. All of the @entity1 underwent high-resolution computed tomography of the lung and pulmonary function tests. RESULTS: Of the 11 @entity1 , 8 were male and 3 were female. The mean age was 70.7 +/- 7.2 years (range, 61-86 years). All of the @entity1 were smokers (mean smoking history, 61.5 +/- 43.5 pack-years). The mean values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC were 72.1% +/- 12.7%, 68.2% +/- 11.9% and 74.4 +/- 10.8, respectively. Lung volumes were normal in 7 @entity1 . A restrictive pattern was observed in 3 @entity1 , and hyperinflation was present in one. The diffusing capacity was moderately-to-severely reduced in all of the @entity1 (mean, 27.7% +/- 12.9% of predicted). Ten of the 11 @entity1 performed the six-minute walk test. The mean distance covered was 358.4 +/- 143.1 m, and 9 of the 10 @entity1 presented desaturation >or= 4%. Echocardiographic findings suggestive of @entity120 were present in 4 @entity1 (mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure, 61.8 mmHg; range, 36-84 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: The concomitant presence of @entity2415 and @entity2416 causes characteristic changes on pulmonary function tests. The most significant finding is a discrepancy between diffusing capacity and spirometry results.

title: XXXX and @entity2415 in smokers.

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['upper lobes']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although depot @entity11796 ( @entity12135 ) (Depo-Provera) has now been approved for marketing as a contraceptive in the United States, there are still unresolved issues about the relation between @entity12135 and risk of @entity0 . The two substantial case-control studies of this association yielded similar but inconclusive results. Because their designs were compatible, these studies were pooled to obtain more adequate data for analysis. DESIGN: Pooled results from two case-control studies. SETTING: New Zealand (entire country), Thailand (three centers), Mexico (one center), and Kenya (one center). @entity1 : A total of 1768 @entity1 with @entity0 and 13,905 controls, most of whom were younger than 55 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Relative risk (RR) of @entity0 in @entity1 who had used @entity12135 . RESULTS: The RR of @entity0 for @entity1 who had ever used @entity12135 was 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 1.4). There was no increase in risk with increasing duration of use of @entity12135 , but RR estimates were higher in certain subgroups of @entity1 . Further analyses suggested that recent (or current) use was the key factor, with @entity1 who had started using @entity12135 within the previous 5 years estimated to have an RR of 2.0 (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.8). CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of @entity0 observed in recent (or current) users could be due to enhanced detection of @entity0 in @entity1 using @entity12135 or to acceleration of the growth of preexisting @entity5 . @entity1 who had used @entity12135 more than 5 years previously had no increase in risk of @entity0 , regardless of their duration of use.

title: Depot @entity11796 and XXXX . A pooled analysis of the World Health Organization and New Zealand studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Experiments were designed to determine whether or not endogenous endothelin (ET) contributes to endothelium-independent anoxic contractions of @entity235 coronary arteries. Rings without endothelium were suspended for isometric tension recording in conventional organ chambers filled with modified Krebs-Ringer @entity3157 solution. @entity519 ( @entity4095 < or = 1 mm Hg) caused reproducible contractions. The anoxic contractions were augmented by exogenous @entity11976 ( @entity11976 ). At 10(-6) M and 10(-5) M, @entity11344 (a specific endothelin antagonist) inhibited both the facilitatory effect of @entity11976 and the anoxic contractions. At these concentrations @entity11344 caused a parallel shift to the right of the concentration-response curve to @entity11976 and a small but significant @entity308 of the response to @entity1063 , without affecting the maximal response to the @entity5733 . @entity11344 did not significantly affect the concentration-response curve to @entity141 in depolarizing solution (60 mM @entity10406 ). Monoclonal antibodies against @entity11976 (70 micrograms/ml) inhibited the response to exogenous @entity11976 and abolished the facilitating effect of the peptide, but did not affect the anoxic contractions. These results suggest that @entity11976 contributes to anoxic contractions in @entity235 coronary arteries without endothelium. The receptor involved belongs to the @entity11977 -subtype and is not accessible to monoclonal antibodies.

title: The @entity11977 antagonist XXXX inhibits anoxic contractions of @entity235 coronary arteries without endothelium.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity11344 :: (MESH:C072247,Chemical) :: ['BQ-123']


abstract: The formation, release, clearance and vascular effects of endothelin (ET)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) was studied in the @entity1707 in vivo. Intravenous infusion of @entity20074 (20 pmol/kg/min for 20 min) increased vascular resistance in the kidney, spleen and skeletal muscle. The most pronounced effects were evoked by @entity18512 which caused @entity8 vascular resistance of 554, 528 and 38%, respectively, and a threshold response was observed at 80 pmol/l ET-LI in arterial plasma. During the infusion a large portion of arterial plasma, ET-LI was cleared over the kidney, spleen and skeletal muscle, whereby the most pronounced clearance was observed for @entity18512 (73-93%). The @entity18512 precursor Big-ET (1-39) given in a similar dose produced only a slight increase in renal vascular resistance (by 20%) and was cleared only over the kidney and not over the spleen or skeletal muscle. Using an @entity18512 specific antiserum it was found that plasma @entity18512 levels increased 11-fold during the infusion of Big-ET, indicating formation of @entity18512 from Big-ET. The half-lives of circulating @entity20074 were 1.3-2.1 min and of Big-ET 8.9 min. Induction of @entity1763 for 2 min increased the overflow of ET-LI from the spleen, suggesting local release, and caused splenic vasoconstriction. During i.v. administration of endotoxin for 4 h, arterial plasma ET-LI increased 7-fold and renal and splenic vasoconstrictor responses developed that correlated significantly with the arterial plasma ET-LI. Furthermore, a local release of ET-LI in the spleen was observed during endotoxin administration. Chromatographic characterization of the ET-LI in plasma during endotoxin administration revealed presence of @entity18512 and Big-ET. It is concluded that there exists specificity both concerning the vasoconstrictor effects and removal from the circulation of ET peptides, both mechanisms being most prominent for @entity18512 in the kidney. Furthermore @entity18512 seems to be formed from circulating Big-ET and release of ET-LI can be detected during situations like @entity1763 and @entity295 .

title: Vascular effects, formation, clearance and release of endothelin peptides in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['increases in renal, splenic and skeletal muscle']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: 1. Increased spontaneous production of @entity1192 , measured as lymphocyte-activating factor activity, was seen in unstimulated monocytes from @entity785 @entity1 . 2. Inhibitory activity to @entity1192 was seen in both normal and @entity1 monocyte supernatants. 3. Inhibitory activity was significantly higher in unstimulated and stimulated monocyte supernatants from @entity785 @entity1 . 4. The net effect was an apparent decrease in lymphocyte-activating factor activity in the monocyte supernatants from @entity785 @entity1 . 5. These findings suggest a possible mechanism by which collagen deposition could be enhanced, thereby giving rise to the extensive @entity82 characteristic of @entity785 .

title: Increased spontaneous production of XXXX together with inhibitory activity in @entity785 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the clinical utility of iliac vein stent placement for @entity1 with chronic limb @entity4 or @entity530 presenting with nonocclusive May-Thurner physiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 (N = 45) undergoing stent placement for @entity1228 ( @entity1228 ) without an associated acute @entity715 event between 2007 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed; 11 were excluded for poor follow-up. A total of 34 @entity1 (28 female) were studied (mean age, 44 y; range, 19-80 y). Average follow-up time was 649 days (median, 488 d; range, 8-2,499 d). RESULTS: The technical success rate was 100% (34 of 34). No major and two minor (5%) complications occurred, and 68% of @entity1 (23 of 34) had clinical success with relief of presenting symptoms on follow-up visits. Technical parameters including stent size and number, stent type, concurrent angioplasty, access site, and resolution of collateral iliolumbar vessels were not found to be statistically related to clinical success (P > .05). Similarly, no significant relation to clinical success was seen for clinical factors such as the type of symptoms, presence of chronic @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ), or concurrent @entity1003 (P > .05). Female sex was found to correlate with clinical success (82% vs 18%; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Iliac stent placement in @entity1 presenting with chronic limb or pelvic symptoms from @entity1228 without acute @entity1150 is associated with clinical success in the majority of @entity1 .

title: Endovascular Stent Placement for @entity1228 in the Absence of Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic congestion']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1228 :: ('MESH:D062108', 'Disease') :: ['MTS', 'May-Thurner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['Deep Vein Thrombosis']


abstract: The atlanto-axial subluxation ( @entity244 ) is a rare complication following operative procedures and/or @entity281 in the upper aerodigestive tract. Pathogenetically the higher flexibility of the ligaments during the @entity32 causes a subluxation between @entity2270 and atlas. When the @entity32 heals, this can probably result in a fixation in the rotated position. The purpose of the present study was to describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of this rare disease in @entity1 . The clinical files of 12 @entity1 with @entity244 were examined retrospectively. The clinical files of these @entity1 were reviewed and analyzed along with the results of radiographic and laboratory examinations. The clinical parameters were compared with the @entity1 's therapy and outcome. Of 12 @entity1 (6 males, 6 females, average age of 7.1 years), @entity244 developed following surgery in 8 @entity1 , and in another 4 @entity1 following a severe in @entity281 of the upper aerodigestive tract. The duration of complaints differed from 2 days to 6 months. All @entity1 had a torticollis as the first symptom of atlanto-axial dislocation and three @entity1 had accompanying cervical @entity3329 . All @entity1 were given antiphlogistic therapy either with @entity3522 or @entity5018 . Additionally, 11 @entity1 were treated with intravenous antibiotics ( @entity115 , @entity869 , @entity3402 or @entity2886 ) and 1 @entity1 with oral antibiotics. In eight @entity1 a remission during antibiotic therapy occurred. In four cases (2 with @entity244 following surgery, 2 following @entity281 ), however, the torticollis persisted despite adequate conservative treatment and required reposition of the atlanto-axial joint along with external fixation. In all of them, starting of therapy was delayed. An early diagnosis of @entity244 and immediate therapy is most important. @entity244 must be taken under consideration in @entity1 with acute torticollis following either an @entity281 or operative procedure in the upper aerodigestive tract. Early adequate antibiotic and antiphlogistic therapy is mandatory and leads to a high remission rate.

title: XXXX --a rare complication following "small" operations and @entity281 in the ENT region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Grisel's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Grisel's syndrome']


abstract: AIM: To determine the prevalence of @entity170 in both @entity1 and @entity1 and to determine the association between @entity170 and selected risk factors among a sample of urban @entity3595 Lankan adults. METHODS: The population aged 35-64 years residing in 22 Grama Niladhari divisions, the smallest administrative units in the country, of the Medical Officer of Health area Ragama, @entity3595 Lanka, was identified using the electoral list and stratified into three age groups (n = 3012). A random sample was obtained from each stratum and selected individuals were invited to participate in the study (n = 1100). A structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic data and details of risk factors. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using a peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan in 700 subjects (64%). A BMD < -2.5 was considered as @entity170 . Although peripheral DEXA is less sensitive and specific compared to central DEXA it was used in this study as it is less costly and easily transportable. RESULTS: Of the 700 subjects who consented to participate in the study, 60% (n = 421) were females. In subjects < 50 years, 9% of @entity1 and 3% of @entity1 had @entity170 . In subjects >=  50 years, 27% of @entity1 and 7% of @entity1 had @entity170 . Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 12.0), smoking (OR 5.5), age > 50 years (OR 3.1), low BMI (OR 3.1) and low level of education (OR 1.7) were positively associated with @entity170 . CONCLUSIONS: Female sex, age, BMI, smoking and level of education were significant predictors of @entity170 . The prevalence of @entity170 increased in both @entity1 and @entity1 after 50 years.

title: Prevalence and predictors of XXXX in an urban @entity3595 Lankan population.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Watershed @entity63 is a significant cause of @entity64 in severe @entity66 , but its pathophysiology is unsettled. Although hemodynamic compromise has long been regarded as the main mechanism-particularly with deep watershed infarction-there is some contradictory evidence from clinical and pathological studies for a role of microembolism, thought to result from @entity32 . However, no study so far has directly addressed these conflicting scenarios. METHODS: In 16 consecutive @entity1 with recent transient @entity385 and ipsilateral 50% to 99% carotid @entity850 , we prospectively obtained (1) @entity32 mapping with @entity8984 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; (2) brain MRI and perfusion MR; and (3) transcranial Doppler detection of @entity7303 ( @entity7303 ). @entity1 were excluded if on dual antiplatelets or with a potential cardiac source of @entity999 . RESULTS: We found the expected significant relationship between (1) degree of @entity850 and severity of distal @entity73 in the watershed areas; and (2) degree of in @entity32 and rate of @entity7303 /hr. Deep watershed @entity1188 were present in 8 @entity1 and @entity7303 in 8 (3 with both). There was no systematic association between the presence of @entity1188 and either @entity73 or @entity7303 , but @entity1188 were present only when either @entity73 or @entity7303 was present (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study supports the idea that in symptomatic @entity66 , @entity1188 result either from @entity73 secondary to severe lumen @entity850 or from microembolism @entity32 . There was no direct evidence that both mechanisms act in synergy.

title: @entity1188 in transient XXXX with > or = 50% carotid @entity850 : hemodynamic or embolic?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['secondary to plaque inflammation', 'plaque inflammation', 'vivo plaque inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7303 :: ('MESH:C566796', 'Disease') :: ['microembolic signals', 'MES']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic impairment']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['emboli or contralateral MES']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['deep watershed infarcts', 'infarcts']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic attack/minor stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic attack/minor stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A reduced number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are casually associated with the @entity65 of @entity6 . Adiponectin exerts multiple protective effects against @entity65 , independent of its insulin-sensitizing activity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether adiponectin plays a role in modulating the bioavailability of circulating EPCs and endothelial repair. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Adiponectin knockout @entity19 were crossed with db(+/-) @entity19 to produce db/db diabetic @entity19 without adiponectin. Circulating number of EPCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Reendothelialization was evaluated by staining with Evans blue after wire-induced @entity130 . RESULTS: In adiponectin knockout @entity19 , the number of circulating EPCs decreased in an age-dependent manner compared with the wild-type controls, and this difference was reversed by the chronic infusion of recombinant adiponectin. In db/db diabetic @entity19 , the lack of adiponectin aggravated the @entity4854 -induced decrease in circulating EPCs and also diminished the stimulatory effects of the PPARy agonist @entity6170 on EPC production and reendothelialization. In EPCs isolated from both @entity1 peripheral blood and @entity19 bone marrow, treatment with adiponectin prevented high @entity413 -induced premature senescence. At the molecular level, adiponectin decreased high @entity413 -induced accumulation of intracellular reactive @entity26 species and consequently suppressed activation of p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) and expression of the senescence marker @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ). CONCLUSIONS: Adiponectin prevents EPC senescence by inhibiting the ROS/ @entity1995 / @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) signaling cascade. The protective effects of adiponectin against @entity532 are attributed in part to its ability to counteract @entity4854 -mediated decrease in the number of circulating EPCs.

title: Adiponectin prevents diabetic premature senescence of endothelial progenitor cells and promotes endothelial repair by suppressing the p38 MAP kinase/ XXXX signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular complication']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['carotid injury']

answer: @entity3842 :: (12578(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p16INK4A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of various diagnostic modalities in detecting occult @entity5 location. DESIGN: Retrospective medical record study. SETTING: @entity4207 head and neck oncology practice. @entity1 : A total of 183 consecutive @entity1 with metastatic @entity135 from an unknown @entity5 during a 10-year period, after exclusion of those with previous history of @entity135 , a @entity5 site evident on physical examination, or @entity5 of the neck. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Identification of @entity5 location by various imaging modalities and panendoscopy with directed biopsies. RESULTS: Primary @entity5 location was identified in 84 @entity1 (45.9%). Preoperative imaging (computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography [PET], and/or PET-CT fusion scan) identified sites suggestive of @entity5 location in 69 @entity1 . Subsequent directed biopsy of these sites yielded positive results in 42 cases (60.9%). The rate of successful identification of a @entity5 for each of the imaging modalities was as follows: CT scan of the neck, 14 of 146 @entity1 (9.6%); magnetic resonance imaging of the neck, 0 of 13 @entity1 (0%); whole-body PET scan, 6 of 41 @entity1 (14.6%); and PET-CT fusion study, 23 of 52 @entity1 (44.2%) (P = .001). The highest yield in identifying @entity5 sites was obtained in @entity1 who had undergone PET-CT plus panendoscopy with directed biopsies with or without tonsillectomy: 31 of 52 @entity1 (59.6%). CONCLUSION: Diagnostic workup including PET-CT, alongside panendoscopy with directed biopsies including bilateral tonsillectomy, offers the greatest likelihood of successfully identifying occult @entity5 location.

title: Metastatic XXXX of unknown primary origin: evolution and efficacy of the modern workup.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the neck', 'head and neck cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the neck']


abstract: This article reviews progress made in understanding the causes of stress @entity322 . Over the last century, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain stress @entity322 . These theories are based on clinical observations and focus primarily on the causative role of urethral support loss and an open vesical neck. Recently these hypotheses have been tested by comparing measurements of urethral support and function in @entity1 with primary stress @entity322 to asymptomatic volunteers who were recruited to be similar in age, race, and parity. Maximal urethral closure pressure is the parameter that differs the most between groups being 43% lower in @entity1 with @entity3142 than similar asymptomatic @entity1 having as effect size of 1.6. Measures of urethral support effect sizes range from 0.5 to 0.6. Because any one objective measure of support may not capture the full picture of urethrovesical mobility, review of blinded ultrasounds of movements during cough were reviewed by an expert panel. The panel was able to identify @entity1 with @entity3142 correctly 57% of the time; just 7% above the 50% that would be expected by chance alone, confirming that urethrovesical mobility is not strongly associated with @entity3142 . Although operations that provide differential support to the urethra are effective, urethral support is not the predominant cause of @entity3142 . Improving our understanding of factors affecting urethral closure may lead to novel treatments targeting the urethra and improved understanding of the small but persistent failure rate of current surgery.

title: Why do XXXX have stress @entity322 ?

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: To analyze congenital @entity1274 combined with @entity9168 ( @entity9168 ). For the case of cochlear implantation to @entity1 with congenital @entity1274 combined @entity9168 , accomplish routine examination and assessment, combining with literature to analyze the clinical diagnosis of this disease and its significance. @entity1274 is a common @entity66 with neonatal incidence of 1 per thousand - 3 per thousand, 50%-70% of @entity2319 is associated with genetic factors, the incidence of congenital @entity1274 combined with @entity2194 is about 40%-60%, mainly reflected in @entity2516 and @entity989 . @entity9168 's main clinical manifestations is @entity9169 , @entity1736 , epicanthus inversus, and telecanthus. @entity9168 is a rare @entity74 caused by @entity7866 gene mutation, sometimes associated with @entity851 , delayed development, @entity299 , and @entity4242 . Suffering from both @entity1274 and @entity9168 is rare in reported literature. This case is diagnosed by clinical examination, without @entity227 . @entity2103 has been found during the surgery. For @entity2319 @entity1 with @entity2194 or other diseases, timely and correct diagnosis has important clinical significance, which can improve the diagnostic rate and make it coming true to early intervention, and then, effectively improve the quality of the @entity1 . There are few literature reports, of @entity1 with two kinds of @entity74 . Our inference is that the cases are rare or the @entity1 has visited different departments and ignored the other systems' signs. Therefore, in such doubtful cases, we should do the professional comprehensive examination in daily clinical work in order to avoid missed diagnosis or delayed treatment and intervention. By analyzing this case, the @entity1 may also suffer from @entity2103 . Preoperatively viewing CT scan and operatively facial nerve monitor being used can avoid the occurrence of surgical complications.

title: [Clinical diagnose and significance of congenital XXXX combined with @entity9168 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['retarded growth']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diseases']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['ametropia']

entities_list: @entity9168 :: ('MESH:C562419', 'Disease') :: ['BPES', 'blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve dysplasia', 'Facial nerve dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['congenital deafness', 'deafness']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['Sensorineural hearing loss', 'sensorineural hearing loss', 'sensorineural deafness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases', 'autosomal dominant disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity9169 :: ('MESH:D016569', 'Disease') :: ['blepharophimosis']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: Advanced @entity18057 continue to pose major therapeutic problems; 22,500 deaths were estimated for 1987. Between December 1983 and October 1985, there were 25 @entity1 evaluated at our institution who on joint evaluation by the radiation oncologist and gynecologic oncologists were found to have extensive disease not amenable to standard therapy. @entity1 were to be treated by a combined modality approach with @entity1138 and @entity1487 given concomitantly with radiotherapy. Nineteen @entity1 were treated definitively and six @entity1 were treated with palliative intent (24 primary, 1 recurrent). The @entity1 ranged in age from 27 to 90 years with a mean of 57.3 and a median of 57. Primary sites at presentation were: cervix--14 @entity1 , vagina--7 @entity1 , and vulva--4 @entity1 . The initial FIGO stages at time of the initial diagnosis were: Stage I--1 (recurrent), Stage II--4, Stage III--15, and Stage IV--5. Chemotherapy consisted of @entity1487 1 gm/m2 given continuous infusion for 4 days with @entity1138 10 mg/m2 IV push on day 1. Radiation therapy was started on day 1. Only 2 of 25 @entity1 (8%) required chemotherapy reductions. All 25 @entity1 received mega-voltage irradiation. The external beam dose range was 2000-6500 cGy and 14/25 @entity1 received intracavitary or interstitial therapy. In the definitive @entity1 group, there was no reduction in the therapeutic dose. Only four @entity1 underwent surgical therapy. With a minimum follow-up of 8 months and a median follow-up of 28 months, the survival for the entire population was 56%. Fourteen of the 19 @entity1 (74%) treated definitively are surviving with 12 @entity1 having no evidence of disease. Survival by site in the definitive therapy group was cervix--70%, vulva--100%, and vagina--66%. The overall response rate was 84% at 3 and 9 months (3 months; CR--36%, PR--48%, and 9 months; CR--60%, PR--24%). There were no local recurrences in the 12 @entity1 who achieved a complete response. Three @entity1 died of metastatic disease alone and the overall local control was 60%. Evaluation of therapeutic side effects was performed. Hematologic analysis by the Southeastern Oncology Group criteria showed @entity1398 in 14 @entity1 (1--life-threatening, 2--severe, and 11 @entity1 --mild/moderate) and @entity882 was observed in 11 @entity1 (all mild or moderate). All hematologic complications resolved. Acute complications did not appear increased except for the addition of mild @entity3136 (12 @entity1 ). Six @entity1 demonstrated late effects with only 2 @entity1 felt to have severe complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Concomitant @entity1487 , XXXX , and radiotherapy for advanced gynecologic malignancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity18057 :: ('MESH:D005833', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin-C']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Youth with type 1 @entity6 have worse cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and higher carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) than their peers without @entity6 . Whether the burden of CV risk factors over time is associated with @entity1004 at follow-up in youth with type 1 @entity6 is not known. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Two hundred ninety-eight youth with type 1 @entity6 (mean age 13.3    2.9 years, 87.6% non-Hispanic white, 53.7% male) had two study visits 5 years apart. CV risk factors, including BMI, lipids, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and smoking status, were assessed at both visits, and @entity1004 was measured at follow-up using B-mode ultrasonography. Linear regression models with an area under the curve measurement that incorporated the baseline and follow-up CV risk factors were used to evaluate the relationship with @entity1004 at follow-up. RESULTS: All CV risk factors worsened significantly over time (except LDL @entity165 ) (P < 0.05). From baseline to follow-up, the number of abnormal CV risk factors also increased (P < 0.05). Predictors of @entity1004 were older age, male sex, and higher BMI z score area under the curve (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The CV risk factor burden increases over time in youth with type 1 @entity6 . BMI z score was the only modifiable CV risk factor that predicted @entity1004 . This study highlights the critical need to better understand the risk factors that influence @entity1004 early in the course of type 1 @entity6 .

title: Predictors of Increased Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Youth With Type 1 XXXX : The SEARCH CVD Study.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid IMT']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['intima media thickness', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Standard therapy, consisting of intravenous immunoglobulin and @entity117 , reduces, but does not eliminate, @entity574 ( @entity574 ) in @entity1 with @entity573 . Large @entity574 can persist or undergo varying degrees of regression. The treatment of large @entity574 using abciximab has been associated with short-term regression; however, longer term data are unavailable. We sought to obtain longer term follow-up data regarding the changes in the diameters of large @entity574 in @entity1 receiving both abciximab and standard therapy and to compare these changes to those of a similar group receiving standard therapy alone. All @entity1 with @entity573 and large @entity574 (diameter >5 mm or Z score >10) treated from 1986 to 2007 were identified and divided into 2 groups. The abciximab group received abciximab plus standard therapy and the no-abciximab group received standard therapy alone. The maximum diameters of the proximal right and left anterior descending @entity574 were obtained from echocardiograms. The Z scores were calculated for 3 points: the acute/subacute phase (<8 weeks) and at 1 and 3 to 5 years of follow-up. The @entity1 in the abciximab (n = 11) and no-abciximab (n = 7) groups were similar in age, interval to treatment, gender, and largest CAA Z score at diagnosis (19.6 +/- 6.2 vs 25.8 +/- 9.5, p = 0.11). The change in @entity3386 Z score was similar between the 2 groups at 1 year (p = 0.99). At 3 to 5 years of follow-up, compared to baseline, the abciximab group had a greater decrease in the CAA Z score than did the no-abciximab group (-14.0 +/- 4.0 vs -8.2 +/- 5.9, p = 0.04). In conclusion, abciximab treatment might be associated with vascular remodeling in @entity1 with large @entity574 .

title: Does abciximab promote coronary artery remodeling in @entity1 with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery aneurysms', 'CAAs']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: Vegetative @entity340 involving the aortic and, to a lesser extent, mitral valves was diagnosed echocardiographically in a 3-year-old spayed female Labrador retriever. Historically, the @entity235 had been treated with @entity803 and @entity617 for positive seroreactivity to Ehrlichia canis and antinuclear antigens. Although three aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures failed to grow bacteria, blood cultured simultaneously by the lysis centrifugation technique grew a fastidious, gram-negative organism. Despite an initial therapeutic response, the owner elected euthanasia 17 days later. Necropsy confirmed aortic and mitral @entity340 . Bacteria phenotypically similar to Bartonella species were visualized in the heart valve by light and electron microscopy, and Bartonella DNA from a frozen heart valve was amplified by PCR. Subsequent phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolate, including biochemical testing, cellular @entity844 analysis, DNA hybridization, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that this organism, which can induce @entity884 in @entity235 , is a novel Bartonella subspecies containing an insertion sequence unique among currently recognized Bartonella species. The name Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkoffii subsp. nov. will be proposed for this organism.

title: XXXX in a @entity235 due to infection with a novel Bartonella subspecies.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Endocarditis']


abstract: The drug-eluting stent still has limitations such as @entity715 and @entity32 . These limitations often occur in the absence of endothelialization. This study investigated the effects of WKYMVm- and @entity3446 -coated stents on re-endothelialization and anti- @entity256 . The WKYMVm peptide, specially synthesized for homing endothelial colony-forming cells, was coated onto a bare-metal stent with hyaluronic acid through a simple dip-coating method (designated HA- @entity7216 ). Thereafter, @entity3446 was consecutively coated to onto the HA- @entity7216 (designated @entity7216 / @entity7217 ). The cellular response to stents by @entity1 umbilical-vein endothelial cells and vascular smooth-muscle cells was examined by XTT assay. Stents were implanted into @entity95 iliac arteries, isolated 6  weeks post-implantation, and then subjected to histological analysis. The peptide was well attached to the surface of the stents and the @entity3446 coating made the surface smooth. The release pattern for @entity3446 was similar to that of commercial @entity3446 -coated stents (57.2  % within 7  days, with further release for up to 28  days). Endothelial-cell proliferation was enhanced in the HA- @entity7216 group after 7  days of culture (38.2      7.62  %, compared with controls). On the other hand, the proliferation of smooth-muscle cells was inhibited in the @entity7216 / @entity7217 group after 7  days of culture (40.7      6.71  %, compared with controls). In an animal study, the @entity256 rates for the @entity7216 / @entity7217 group (13.5      4.50  %) and commercial drug-eluting stents (Xience Prime   ; 9.2      7.20  %) were lower than those for bare-metal stents (25.2      4.52  %) and HA- @entity7216 stents (26.9      3.88  %). @entity2279 staining was incomplete for the bare-metal and Xience Prime    groups. On the other hand, @entity2279 staining showed a consecutive linear pattern in the HA- @entity7216 and @entity7216 / @entity7217 groups, suggesting that WKYMVm promotes endothelialization. These results indicate that the WKYMVm coating could promote endothelial healing, and consecutive coatings of WKYMVm and @entity3446 onto bare-metal stents have a potential role in re-endothelialization and neointimal suppression.

title: Effect of a novel peptide, WKYMVm- and XXXX -coated stent on re-endothelialization and anti- @entity256 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: On the premise that an individual with an intact immune system has the capability to develop both cellular and antibody immune responses supported by the balance between the lymphokines secreted by T helper (Th) cells, we studied the interaction between different types of Th cell clones in vivo and the parameters that may affect this interaction. We used an adoptive transfer system in which nude or lethally irradiated @entity19 were reconstituted with histocompatible @entity1961 + keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-specific T cell clones with defined lymphokine profiles. This approach allowed us to study the effects of the cognate interaction between T and B cells in the presence of a defined set of lymphokines. We demonstrated that the co-transfer of both subsets of Th cells resulted in increased production of IgA, and decreased production of IgE and @entity9749 . The concomitant presence of both cell types also increases their functional survival in vivo. We have shown that in the presence of a @entity61 clone, higher immunization doses (above 100 micrograms @entity18496 (TNP)-KLH/ @entity19 ) result in increased production of IgE and @entity9686 . In contrast, when a @entity630 clone is present, low immunization doses (less than 50 micrograms TNP-KLH/ @entity19 ) resulted in increased production of @entity9749 . We were also able to show that the neutralization of @entity58 ( @entity58 ) and or @entity60 ( @entity60 ) was sufficient to abrogate most of the regulatory effects caused by the @entity61 or the @entity630 clone respectively. Our results indicate that the subset of T cell(s) transferred determines the type of response obtained. In addition, the data presented indicate that the antigen dose used for immunization can modulate the quantitative parameters of the response. Furthermore, we have shown that the interaction between the two subsets of T cells in vivo is characterized by both antagonistic and agonistic effects and that most of the regulatory effects exerted by one subset over the other are mediated by @entity58 or @entity60 .

title: Regulation of the interaction between @entity630 and XXXX T cell clones to provide help for antibody production in vivo.

entities_list: @entity18496 :: ('MESH:C005858', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

answer: @entity61 :: (15111(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th2']


abstract: AIM: To identify independent risk factors for @entity253 in a center with three decades of experience in liver transplantation. METHODS: A total of 1607 consecutive liver transplantations were analyzed in a retrospective study. Detailed subset analysis was performed in 417 @entity1 , which have been transplanted since the introduction of @entity3851 ( @entity3851 )-based liver allocation. Risk factors for the onset of @entity253 were identified with multivariable binary logistic regression analyses. The identified risk factors in regression analyses were compiled into a prognostic model. The applicability was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analyses with the log rank test were applied where appropriate. RESULTS: @entity253 were observed in 227 cases (14.1%). Four hundred and seventeen (26%) transplantations were performed after the introduction of @entity3851 -based donor organ allocation. Since then, 21% (n = 89) of the @entity1 suffered from @entity253 , which are further categorized into anastomotic bile leaks [46% (n = 41)], anastomotic strictures [25% (n = 22)], @entity255 [8% (n = 7)] and non-anastomotic strictures [3% (n = 3)]. The remaining 18% (n = 16) were not further classified. After adjustment for all univariably significant variables, the recipient @entity3851 -score at transplantation (P = 0.006; OR = 1.035; 95%CI: 1.010-1.060), the development of @entity715 post-operatively (P = 0.019; OR = 3.543; 95%CI: 1.233-10.178), as well as the donor @entity1011 prior to explantation (P = 0.010; OR = 1.003; 95%CI: 1.001-1.006) were revealed as independent risk factors for @entity253 . The compilation of these identified risk factors into a prognostic model was shown to have good prognostic abilities in the investigated cohort with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.702. CONCLUSION: The parallel occurrence of high recipient @entity3851 and @entity8 should be avoided. Risk is especially increased when post-transplant @entity715 occurs.

title: XXXX following liver transplantation: Single-center experience over three decades and recent risk factors.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired donor kidney function']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['Model of End-Stage Liver Disease', 'MELD']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary complications', 'anastomotic biliary complications', 'biliary complications']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['Biliary complications']


abstract: @entity16864 is a new long-acting antipsychotic injection for the treatment of acute and maintenance therapy in @entity161 . @entity7302 ( @entity7302 ) is the major active metabolite of @entity1090 and acts at @entity935 D(2) and @entity750 5HT(2A) receptors. As with other atypical antipsychotics, it exhibits a high 5HT(2A):D(2) affinity ratio. It also has binding activity as an antagonist at a(1)-and a(2) adrenergic receptors and H(1) histaminergic receptors, but has virtually no affinity for cholinergic receptors. @entity16864 has been shown to be effective in reducing Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores in four short-term trials in acute @entity161 . It was also effective as maintenance therapy in a long-term trial in which time to recurrence of symptoms was significantly longer in @entity7302 -treated @entity1 compared with placebo. In addition, @entity7302 was shown to be noninferior to @entity1090 long-acting injection in one study, but this noninferiority was not established in another longer study comparing the two drugs. Treatment should be initiated with 234 mg on day 1 and 156 mg on day 8, followed by a recommended monthly maintenance dose of 39-234 mg based on efficacy and tolerability. @entity16864 is generally well tolerated, although it can cause @entity1017 and a rise in prolactin levels, which is generally greater in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Overall, @entity16864 may have advantages over other currently available long-acting injections, and therefore may be a useful alternative for the treatment of @entity161 , although further long-term trials comparing it with active treatments are warranted.

title: Once-monthly XXXX injection for the treatment of @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity7302 :: ('MESH:C079150', 'Chemical') :: ['9-hydroxyrisperidone', 'paliperidone', 'Paliperidone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity16864 :: ('MESH:C548956', 'Chemical') :: ['paliperidone palmitate', 'Paliperidone palmitate']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity7302 :: (MESH:C079150,Chemical) :: ['paliperidone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are several reports that engrafted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) stimulate angiogenesis in the @entity63 heart, but the mechanism remains controversial. We hypothesize that transplantation of MSCs enhances vascular regeneration through a paracrine action. METHODS: A transmural @entity583 was created by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in @entity35 . Those with an ejection fraction less than 0.70 1 week after @entity583 were included. Autologous MSCs (1 x 10(7); 0.2 mL) or culture medium (0.2 mL) was injected intramyocardially into the periinfarct zone (50 microL/injection at four sites; n = 20/group). At 2 weeks after transplantation, Western blot analysis was used to assay the paracrine factors and proapoptotic proteins. Echocardiography to assess heart function was performed on additional groups at 8 weeks after implantation. RESULTS: The angiogenic factors basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and stem cell homing factor (stromal cell-derived factor -1alpha) increased in the MSC-treated hearts compared with medium-treated hearts. This was accompanied by a downregulation of proapoptotic protein @entity2310 in @entity63 myocardium. Similarly, capillary density increased about 40% in MSC-treated hearts compared with medium-treated hearts (p = 0.001). Left ventricular contractility, indicated by fractional shortening, improved in MSC-treated hearts at 2 months after implantation (MSCs: 48.6% +/- 19.9%; medium: 18.7% +/- 6.4%; p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Autologous MSC transplantation attenuates left ventricular remodeling and improves cardiac performance. The major mechanism appears to be paracrine action of the engrafted cells, increasing angiogenesis and cytoprotection.

title: Paracrine action enhances the effects of autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on vascular regeneration in XXXX model of @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the psychosocial outcomes and impact of attention problems in survivors of pediatric @entity1313 . STUDY DESIGN: The survivors' cognitive functioning was measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for @entity1 . The @entity1 Behavior Checklist-Attention Problems scale was used to screen for attention problems, and @entity1 were classified as having attention problems (n=15) or normal attention (n=36). Psychosocial functioning was examined with the Korean Personality Rating scale for @entity1 (K-PRC) at precraniospinal radiation and at 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: The attention problem group showed significantly higher @entity308 and externalizing symptoms (delinquency, @entity2915 ) and more significant impairment in family relationships than did the normal attention group at baseline. At follow-up, the attention problem group demonstrated significantly more delinquency and @entity73 . With the K-PRC scores, except for the somatization, social relationship subscale, there were significant differences between groups, but not in terms of treatment by time interaction or within time. At follow-up, multiple linear regressions showed that age at diagnosis significantly predicted K-PRC somatization (B=-1.7, P=0.004) and social relationships (B=-1.7, P=0.004), baseline full-scale intelligence quotient predicted @entity308 (B=-0.4, P=0.032) and somatization (B=-0.3, P=0.015), and attention problems at baseline predicted @entity308 (B=-15.2, P=0.036) and social relationships (B=-11.6, P=0.016). CONCLUSION: @entity1313 survivors, in particular, @entity1 with attention problems, had worse psychosocial functioning at baseline and follow-up. Attention problems at baseline need to be carefully evaluated in assessing psychosocial functioning of pediatric @entity1313 survivors.

title: The Effects of Attention Problems on Psychosocial Functioning in Childhood XXXX Survivors: A 2-Year Postcraniospinal Irradiation Follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['K-PRC depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'Pediatric brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired family and social relationships']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain Tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity75 , which are considered a form of @entity99 , are common in @entity879 . RECENT FINDINGS: @entity1 with @entity99 exhibit sings of energy impairment that may participate in the development of disturbances in neurotransmission. @entity3265 participates in the genesis of @entity2657 and in the development of oxidative stress injury to astrocytes. Neuroinflammation is a new element that has been described in experimental models. These mechanisms are involved in the genesis of cognitive sequels that may persist after liver transplantation. Clinical trials have demonstrated the value of drugs that decrease the production of @entity3265 in the intestines to prevent @entity75 . In addition, improvement of @entity1457 with the use of albumin and vasoconstrictors may prevent @entity99 in @entity879 . New drugs that act by enhancing @entity3265 disposal through the synthesis of nitrogenous metabolites have shown promising results. SUMMARY: A better knowledge of the pathogenesis of @entity75 in @entity879 provides the rationale for using @entity3265 -focused therapy in the prevention and treatment of @entity75 . New therapies addressed to correct @entity2657 , @entity1457 and @entity32 may also be useful for @entity75 and may improve the neurological outcome.

title: XXXX : the brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity3265 :: ('MESH:D000641', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonia', 'Ammonia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disturbances', 'Brain disturbances', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute-on-chronic liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['Acute-on-chronic liver failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To validate the @entity130 and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) and A Severity Characterization of @entity130 (ASCOT) models for @entity1 with @entity1913 using an independent @entity130 registry, and to develop new TRISS and ASCOT models for types of @entity1 with @entity1913 and examine their fit. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of clinical data from the Institute for @entity130 and Emergency Care (ITEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Statistical models were developed using TRISS and ASCOT variables applied to ITEC data for @entity1 with @entity1913 . These models were compared to @entity130 Outcome Study (MTOS) models with regard to the resulting coefficients and hospital quality assessments. Also, separate models were developed for different groups of @entity1913 , and these models were compared with one another and tested for adequacy of fit. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: ASCOT performed acceptably well when new coefficients were derived using ITEC data, but TRISS did not. Although the models developed from MTOS and from ITEC coefficients generally yielded similar hospital quality assessments, there were some notable exceptions. Some TRISS and ASCOT variables were not significantly related to survival for some subgroups of @entity1913 , and neither the TRISS nor the ASCOT model was an adequate predictor of survival for @entity1 suffering from low falls. CONCLUSIONS: New TRISS and ASCOT coefficients should be derived if survival for @entity1 with @entity1913 is to be predicted accurately in independent @entity130 registries. Also, it may be wise to consider developing separate models for subgroups of @entity1 , particularly if hospitals in the registry have different mixes of @entity1 types.

title: Validation of TRISS and ASCOT using a non-MTOS XXXX registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Major Trauma', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define the time course of @entity227 after @entity7995 and factors predictive of this course in the @entity1 enrolled in the @entity7995 Treatment Trial. METHODS: The cohort for this study consisted of the 438 @entity1 who completed the 6-month follow-up visit. Visual acuity was measured at baseline and at seven follow-up visits during the first 6 months. Factors predictive of recovery were evaluated with univariate and multivariate statistical tests. RESULTS: Visual recovery was rapid in all three treatment groups. In almost all @entity1 , regardless of treatment group and initial severity of @entity227 , improvement began within the first month. Among the 278 @entity1 with baseline visual acuity of 20/50 or worse, all @entity1 improved at least one line of visual acuity, and all except six improved at least three lines, during the 6-month follow-up period. Baseline visual acuity was the best predictor of the 6-month visual acuity outcome (P = 0.0001). Older age was statistically associated with a slightly worse outcome (P = 0.02), but this appeared to be of no clinical importance. CONCLUSIONS: In most @entity1 with @entity7995 , @entity227 is rapid. The only factor of value in predicting the visual outcome is initial severity of @entity227 . However, even when initial loss is severe, @entity227 is still good in most @entity1 . @entity1 not following the usual course of @entity227 should be considered atypical. For such @entity1 , further investigation in regard to etiology of the @entity227 may be appropriate.

title: The course of XXXX after @entity7995 . Experience of the @entity7995 Treatment Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual recovery', 'visual loss']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis', 'Optic Neuritis']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual recovery']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3163 Background: @entity17248 is a highly innovative anti-neovascular cytostatic compound designed to target and destroy newly formed @entity5 blood vessels. Its superior anti- @entity5 activity based on this new concept has been shown in several animal models. A phase I clinical study was conducted to determine dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT), maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and to explore anti- @entity5 activity. METHODS: @entity17248 was administered as intravenous short infusion at 4 dose levels (lipid-complexed @entity1311 mg/kg body weight (b.w.): 0.28 (n=8), 0.55 (n=8), 1.1 (n=10) and 1.65 (n=5)) on day 1, 3, 5 of a 4 week cycle. Up to 3 cycles were administered to @entity1 with metastatic, unresectable @entity1820 and @entity5 progression after standard chemotherapy. Safety was assessed on the basis of reported adverse events and efficacy was measured as objective @entity5 response according to WHO criteria. The studies were accompanied by quantitative analysis (LC-MS/MS) of @entity1311 and the main cationic lipid compound. RESULTS: Non-haematological DLTs were observed in a dose dependent manner with the strongest incidence in the highest dose group. The main DLTs were @entity1295 and @entity56 . Other side effects commonly occurring with conventional chemotherapy were not observed. Haematological DLTs were detected only in the highest treatment group. The MTD was defined as 1.1 mg/kg b.w. lipid-complexed @entity1311 on a 3 times a week schedule. The overall assessment of @entity5 response performed at the first follow-up examination resulted in 13% stable disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity17248 showed a very good tolerability and low levels of mild side-effects. Therefore @entity17248 will be suitable for prolonged treatment regimens and also for treatment in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics. There is no indication for @entity1311 accumulation and prolonged circulation of @entity1311 due to lipid complexation. The lipid compound showed a lower clearance, however only 2-5% remained in circulation after 24h. [Table: see text].

title: Phase I study of the anti-neovascular agent @entity17248 to evaluate safety and efficacy in @entity1 with metastatic or advanced unresectable @entity1820 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['GI cancer']


abstract: RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: @entity25 are common with many sufferers seeking medical help from general practitioners (GPs) whose clinical response is limited, often involving prescription of hypnotic drugs. The case for improving the quality of care for @entity1 with @entity22 is compelling but there is little evidence about how better care could be achieved in a primary care setting. The aim of this study was to investigate GPs' management preferences for sleep problems and their awareness and perception of opportunities for improving care as well as reducing the use of @entity1245 and Z drugs. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of GPs using a self-administered postal questionnaire in 2005 to all GPs in West Lincolnshire Primary Care Trust Lincolnshire, UK. RESULTS: A total of 84 of 107 (78.5%) questionnaires sent to GP principals were returned after one reminder. Respondents favoured Z drugs over @entity1245 for the majority of indications. Respondent attitudes to @entity1245 and Z drugs were generally negative whereas they were positive towards initiatives to reduce hypnotic prescribing through personal guidance, awareness-raising strategies and organizational interventions. CONCLUSIONS: GPs were negative in attitude towards hypnotics and positive towards reducing prescribing for sleep problems. They need to develop resources and better strategies for assessment and non-pharmacological management of @entity1 presenting with @entity22 for the first time as well as those on long-term hypnotics. The feasibility and effectiveness of psychosocial interventions tailored to @entity1 and service needs in primary care setting should be evaluated systematically seeking to understand potential clinical benefits as well as potential undesirable effects of service changes.

title: General practitioners' preferences for managing XXXX and opportunities for reducing hypnotic prescribing.

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Insomnia and sleep problems']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']