abstract: Previous work identified a developmental timer that controls the stability of cyclin A protein in interphase-arrested @entity1238 embryos. It was shown that cyclins A1 and A2 abruptly become unstable in @entity1862 -treated embryos at the time that untreated embryos are beginning gastrulation (early gastrulation transition; EGT). We have demonstrated here that cyclins A1 and A2 are degraded at the equivalent of the EGT by the ICE-like caspases that are responsible for programmed cell death or apoptosis. Analysis of embryos treated with @entity1862 or @entity1880 showed widespread cellular apoptosis coincident with cyclin A cleavage. Our data further indicate that the apoptotic pathway is present in @entity1238 embryos prior to the EGT; however, it is maintained in an inactive state in early cleaving embryos by maternally encoded inhibitors. Characterization of the timing of the activation of apoptosis implicates the initiation of zygotic transcription at the @entity17323 ( @entity17323 ) in the suppression of apoptosis in normal embryos. The decreased biosynthetic capacity of embryos treated with @entity1862 or @entity1880 most likely interferes with the ability to maintain sufficient levels of apoptotic inhibitors and results in widespread apoptosis. Our results suggest a scenario whereby the apoptotic pathway is suppressed in the early cleaving embryo by maternally contributed inhibitors. Degradation at the EGT of maternal RNAs encoding these inhibitors is compensated for by new zygotic transcription beginning at the @entity17323 . This indicates that the interval between the @entity17323 and the EGT represents a critical developmental period during which the regulation of embryonic cellular processes is transferred from maternal to zygotic control.

title: Developmentally regulated activation of apoptosis early in XXXX gastrulation results in cyclin A degradation during interphase of the cell cycle.

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity17323 :: ('MESH:D019767', 'Disease') :: ['MBT', 'mid-blastula transition']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) is a condition resulting from @entity299 that reduces the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. The impaired ventricular function can be attributed to unfavorable ventricular remodeling. Among the pathways that contribute to remodeling process, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) appear to be of particular interest. We explored the association of @entity1476 ( @entity37056 , @entity37057 ), @entity1917 ( @entity25456 , @entity37058 ) and @entity1495 ( @entity29118 , @entity37059 ), ( @entity37060 , @entity37061 ), ( @entity37062 , @entity37063 ) genetic variants with @entity1002 in @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 . METHODS: The study included 310 consecutive @entity1 with angiographically confirmed @entity453 and 230 healthy controls. Among @entity1 with @entity453 , 95 with reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF  <= 45) were categorized as @entity1002 . Polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: The @entity1495 @entity37062 genetic variant was significantly associated with @entity1002 (LVEF  <= 45) (p value=0.009; OR=3.82). To validate our results, we performed a replication study in additional 200 cases with similar clinical characteristics and results again confirmed consistent findings (p value=0.033; OR=3.59). Also the frequency of haplotype R,P,Q comprising @entity37062 variation in @entity1495 was significantly higher in reduced LVEF subjects (p value=0.008; OR=1.83). CONCLUSION: @entity1495 @entity37062 plays important role in conferring susceptibility of @entity1002 .

title: Association of matrix metalloproteinases ( @entity1476 , XXXX and @entity1495 ) genetic variants with left ventricular dysfunction in @entity453 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVD', 'Left ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['clustered structural or functional cardiac disorder']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1917 :: (4316,Gene) :: ['MMP7']


abstract: 1. The relaxing response of @entity935 (DA) was studied in the @entity95 pulmonary artery. DA caused concentration-related relaxation in helically cut strips of the artery contracted with @entity3774 in the presence of @entity3159 . 2. The DA-induced relaxation in endothelium-denuded strips was reduced to about 40% compared with that in endothelium-intact strips. 3. @entity6693 and haemoglobin, inhibitors of endothelium-dependent relaxation, reduced the DA-induced relaxations in endothelium-intact strips to the level of endothelium-denuded strips. These results indicate that the DA-induced relaxation is partially mediated or modified by the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). 4. @entity3826 , as a DA agonist, caused concentration-dependent relaxation in endothelium-intact strips. @entity2847 , a DA2 agonist, produced only a little relaxation at higher concentration. 5. In endothelium-intact strips, @entity1767 , a DA antagonist, and the DA1 antagonists, @entity1768 and @entity10095 inhibited DA-induced relaxations. On the other hand @entity11054 and @entity2211 , DA2 antagonists, were inactive. 6. In endothelium-denuded strips, @entity1768 and @entity10095 inhibited DA-induced relaxations, but @entity2211 was inactive. 7. These results indicate that the DA-induced relaxation is mediated by DA receptors, and that DA1 receptors are involved in both endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation in the @entity95 pulmonary artery.

title: Endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation by @entity935 in the XXXX pulmonary artery.

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity11054 :: ('MESH:D013134', 'Chemical') :: ['spiperone']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['Apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1768 :: ('MESH:D005476', 'Chemical') :: ['fluphenazine']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The present study investigated the expression of @entity6529 and miR-3940-5p in @entity1149  ( @entity1149 ) and its relationship with clinicopathologic features. Samples included @entity5 , @entity5 -adjacent and normal lung parenchyma tissues from 90 @entity1149 @entity1 and 17 cases of embryonic lung cDNA. The expression levels of @entity6529 , @entity21067 -5p, @entity39365 and miR-3940-5p were detected by real  -time PCR; @entity876 , @entity470 , Kras and Ki-67 expression in @entity5 tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. @entity876 mRNA expression levels in @entity1149 were examined by SYBR-Green real-time PCR. The relationship between the four miRNAs and clinicopathologic features of 90 cases was analyzed. The expression of @entity6529 and miR-3940-5p was significantly downregulated in @entity5 tissues and embryonic lung tissues compared to normal lung tissues. The expression of @entity6529 and miR-3940-5p in @entity5 tissues was also lower than that in the matched @entity5 -adjacent tissues. @entity6529 was downregulated preferentially in subgroups of @entity1 with a @entity5 diameter more than or equal to 3  cm, in smokers and in stage  III and IV @entity5 . Specifically, @entity6529 and miR-3940-5p expression was decreased in nuclear cell proliferation antigen Ki-67-positive @entity1149 cases. @entity6529 and miR-3940-5p were found to be significantly downregulated in @entity876 IHC-positive @entity1149 cases and were negatively correlated with @entity876 mRNA. Reduced @entity6529 and miR-3940-5p expression in @entity5 tissues and embryonic lung tissues suggests that these miRs may be involved in the tumorigenesis or de-differentiation of @entity1149 . Due to this associaton with the Ki-67 proliferation index in @entity1149 , downregulation of @entity6529 and miR-3940-5p may contribute to @entity5 growth and proliferation. @entity6529 and miR-3940-5p may affect @entity876 expression through a direct or indirect pathway.

title: Expression of @entity6529 and miR-3940-5p is reduced in XXXX and correlates with clinicopathological features.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: Plant viruses cause metabolic and physiological changes associated with symptomatic disease phenotypes. Symptoms involve direct and indirect effects, which result in disruption of host physiology. We used transgenic @entity286 expressing a variant of @entity21104 ) coat protein (CP( @entity37126 )) or @entity717 ( @entity717 ), and a hybrid line ( @entity717 ( @entity37126 )) that coexpresses both proteins, to study the plant response to individual viral proteins. Findings employing microarray analysis of @entity717 ( @entity37126 ) plants and silenced mp cp( @entity37126 )* controls revealed that altered transcripts were mostly downregulated, suggesting a persistent shut-off due to @entity717 ( @entity37126 ) expression. Next, we showed that @entity717 triggered reactive @entity26 species (ROS) accumulation, reduction of total @entity9050 , and expression of ROS scavenging genes. These effects were enhanced when both proteins were coexpressed. @entity717 and @entity717 ( @entity37126 ) plants showed increased levels of @entity3785 (SA) and SA-responsive gene expression. Furthermore, these effects were partially reproduced in Nicotiana benthamiana when @entity16926 transcript was silenced. CP( @entity37126 ) seems to be playing a negative role in the defense response by reducing the expression of @entity6972 . @entity717 and @entity717 ( @entity37126 ) transgenic expression promoted a recovery-like phenotype in @entity21104 RNA infections and enhanced susceptibility to @entity3437 and @entity19868 . The individual effects of viral proteins may reflect the ability of a virus to balance its own virulence.

title: Transgenic expression of @entity21104 capsid and movement proteins modulate plant basal defense and biotic stress responses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity21104 :: ('12242', 'Species') :: ['TMV', 'Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity37126 :: ('p|SUB|T|42|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['T42W']

entities_list: @entity19868 :: ('5180', 'Species') :: ['Sclerotinia sclerotiorum']

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas syringae']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement protein', 'MP CP', 'MP']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Nicotiana tabacum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomerase and @entity15087 ( @entity2215 ) confer @entity5 cells sustained proliferation and survival potentials. Targeting telomerase or @entity2215 is a novel anti- @entity5 strategy. However, telomerase/ @entity2215 inhibition alone has minimal clinical efficacy. We explored the relationship between @entity2215 and @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) and evaluated synergistic anti- @entity5 effects of targeting both @entity2215 and @entity1996 . METHODS: @entity2215 was depleted in gastric and cervical @entity5 cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and analysed for @entity1996 expression using quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Viable cells and apoptotic cells in @entity356 cells treated with @entity2215 siRNA or/and the @entity1996 inhibitor @entity12698 were measured using Trypen blue exclusion and flow cytometry. The in vivo anti- @entity5 effect of @entity2215 depletion or/and @entity12698 was evaluated using @entity19 xenograft models. RESULTS: Knocking down @entity2215 expression in @entity5 cells led to robust increases in mRNA and protein levels of @entity1996 . The @entity1996 promoter activity increased substantially in @entity2215 -depleted cells. @entity2215 depletion led to the activation of @entity1995 mitogen-activated protein kinase responsible for the stimulation of @entity1996 gene transcription. @entity2215 depletion or @entity12698 alone did not affect @entity5 cell survival, whereas their combination synergistically killed them both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION: @entity2215 induces @entity1996 expression and simultaneously targeting @entity2215 and @entity1996 synergistically kills @entity5 cells.

title: @entity15087 inhibition stimulates XXXX expression in @entity5 cells and synergizes with @entity12698 to exert anti- @entity5 effects.

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity15087 :: ('21752(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['telomerase reverse transcriptase']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1996 :: (19225(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase 2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sonography, as compared with clinical assessment, is a sensitive tool for evaluating @entity603 in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). However, differences between these assessment tools may depend on how joint activity (i.e., an active joint) is defined. The present study was undertaken to compare clinically active joints with sonographically active joints in @entity1 with @entity309 , applying different sonographic definitions of an active joint. METHODS: Sonographic assessment of the finger and wrist joints (total of 11 joints) of each hand was performed in @entity309 @entity1 whose disease was in remission (Clinical Disease Activity Index  <=2.8; n = 60). @entity11144 ( @entity11144 ) and power Doppler (PD) ultrasound signals for @entity603 were evaluated on a 4-point scale (grade 0 = none, grade 3 = severe). The sensitivity and specificity of swollen joint counts were investigated using, as reference, increasingly stringent sonographic definitions of an active joint. Sonographic findings were also assessed for correlations with other clinical variables, including the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) @entity717 ( @entity717 ). Followup analyses were performed after 6-12 months. RESULTS: @entity11144 ultrasound signals yielded positive findings for @entity603 in 67.2% of the 1,320 joints assessed, and PD ultrasound signals indicated signs of @entity603 in 20.4% of the joints assessed. Clinical identification of joint swelling was 100% specific for sonographic joint activity, independent of the stringency of the sonographic definition used; maximum sensitivity of the swollen joint counts was 25% for the most stringent definition (i.e., @entity11144 grade 3 and PD grade 3). Furthermore, @entity1 with a higher-grade PD signal (grade 3) showed a higher HAQ @entity717 score compared to @entity1 with lower-grade PD signals (mean    SD HAQ @entity717 0.45    0.62 versus 0.20    0.35). A higher grade of PD signal at baseline was found in joints that were assessed as clinically swollen at the consecutive followup visit. CONCLUSION: Low-grade PD and @entity11144 ultrasound signals may not necessarily reflect the presence of active @entity603 in @entity309 . High-grade PD signals correlate well with the presence of clinical joint swelling and clinical disease activity, and a higher grade of PD signal is associated with higher degrees of functional impairment.

title: Sonographic joint assessment in XXXX : associations with clinical joint assessment during a state of remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'disability index']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA joints', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate surface contamination by @entity902 drugs in the environment of @entity1 in ICUs and wards treated by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). METHODS: The monitoring included 12 HIPEC treatments from four hospitals during the following 3  days after perfusion. A total of 33 urine and 33 drainage fluids from HIPEC @entity1 and 160 wipe samples from several surfaces (urine/drainage bags, floors, gloves) were taken during the study period. RESULTS: In urine, the highest @entity902 concentrations were measured on the first day after perfusion. Median @entity902 concentrations were 1260  ng/ml for @entity1 after @entity900 perfusion and 11,000  ng/ml for @entity901 treatment. Concentrations decreased until day three to 413  ng/ml @entity900 and 529  ng/ml @entity901 , respectively. In drainage liquids, @entity902 concentrations were generally lower. @entity902 concentrations from surfaces of bags and floors ranged from 0.01 to 439  pg/cm(2) (median: urine @entity40699 .77  pg/cm(2), drainage bag 0.22  pg/cm(2), floor left 0.14  pg/cm(2), floor right 0.24  pg/cm(2)), with the highest contamination found on the outer surface of the urine bags. Samples from nurses' protective gloves ranged between 0.03 and 12  pg/cm(2) (median: 0.2  pg/cm(2)). CONCLUSIONS: High @entity902 -drug concentrations in urine and drainage liquids are the main source of contamination. Therefore, safe handling of these liquids is the best way to avoid cross-contamination on surfaces in wards and ICUs. Our results show that it is possible to take care of HIPEC @entity1 without high contaminations during the first 3  days.

title: XXXX and @entity901 surface contamination in intensive care units (ICUs) and hospital wards during attendance of HIPEC @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: AIM: To report our clinical experience with transcatheter closure of ostium secundum @entity118 ( @entity3012 ASDs) using Amplatzer septal occluder. METHODS: It's a retrospective study conducted between October 2005 and April 2010 and involving 34 @entity1 . The procedures were conducted in the hemodynamic laboratory under general anesthesia with transthoracic (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) monitoring. Clinical and echocardiography assessments of the @entity1 were conducted within 24 hours post procedure and several months after the procedure. RESULTS: From the 34 @entity1 , 28 (82%) were females. The middle age was 27.5 years. The mean ASD diameter was 19.4 mm by TTE; 18.1 mm [12-38] by TEE, and 23.4 by angiography. The average size of the implanted devices was 23.2 mm ranging from 10 to 34 mm.The final success rate of the procedure was 90.9% (30/33). One @entity1 was excluded from transcatheter occlusion and three @entity1 (8,6%) had complications including two prosthesis migrations and one large residual shunting. A total of 4 @entity1 (11,7%) underwent surgery. No major complication ( @entity1031 events, obstruction of @entity2383 , @entity299 , device @entity887 and @entity884 ) or @entity204 has occurred during follow-up and all devices were securely anchored without any persistent residual shunts. CONCLUSION: Compared to previous data of the literature, percutaneous closure of @entity3012 ASDs using Amplatzer device appears safe and effective according to our experience of the cardiology department of Hedi Chaker Hospital.

title: Percutaneous closure of Ostium secundum XXXX using amplatzer occlusion device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac perforation']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac structures']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The CentriMag ventricular assist device (VAD) has gained popularity in the last several years as rescue support for @entity1 with decompensated @entity712 . We have used the CentriMag VAD as a bridge to decision device. We describe our experience with device placement, use and outcomes. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of all @entity1 who underwent CentriMag placement at our institution from January 2007 to August 2009. Sixty-three @entity1 had placement of a CentriMag device, with 43% (n = 27) of these being placed due to failure of medical management. These cases were the focus of our study. RESULTS: Primary diagnoses were @entity296 (n = 17), @entity384 (n = 7) or other (n = 3). Mean age was 47.1 (range 7 to 72) years. Prior to implant, 85% of @entity1 were on intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support, 70% were on vasopressors, and 44% were on more than one inotrope. INTERMACS score was 1 in 67% of @entity1 and 2 in 33% of @entity1 . Six @entity1 were bridged to a long-term device, 8 to transplantation and 10 to recovery. Eighty-nine percent (24 of 27) of @entity1 survived to explant and 74% (20 of 27) survived to hospital discharge, with a 1-year survival of 68%. @entity1031 occurred in 10 @entity1 , including 6 @entity64 . Compared with @entity1 who survived to discharge, those who died had a significantly higher body mass index (30.8 vs 24.1 kg/m(2), p = 0.003). Survivors to discharge demonstrated significant improvements in hepatic and renal function over the course of device support while non-survivors did not. CONCLUSIONS: The CentriMag demonstrates promising results when used in @entity1 with @entity712 refractory to medical management.

title: The CentriMag ventricular assist device in XXXX refractory to medical management.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic complications']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['acute heart failure']


abstract: Almost all ancient civilizations described tuberculous bacilli in their old scripts, and these bacteria have been found in prehistoric skeletal remains. The clinical availability of specific antitubercular drugs was the most important breakthrough in managing @entity3083 . Any attempt at surgical excision of the disease prior to the antitubercular era met with serious complications, dissemination of disease and high mortality (nearly 50%). Antitubercular drugs markedly improved the results of management by operative treatment. Excellent healing of disease was also observed in those @entity1 who were treated nonoperatively. However, it took many years (1950-1970) for clinicians to appreciate the efficacy of antitubercular drugs. Operations for @entity3083 are now indicated less for control of disease (5-10% of all cases) than for complications, including nonresponding @entity51 (nearly 40% of @entity532 ), prevention or correction of severe @entity85 , and for tissue diagnosis (approximately 5% of all cases). For a @entity1512 when surgery is required for d  bridement and decompression, an anterior approach through an extrapleural anterolateral route or through transpleural route is recommended. Healthy posterior elements should not be jeopardized by surgery. The real control of @entity378 requires a serious and sustained global effort to eliminate immunocompromised states, poverty, @entity3147 , and overcrowding.

title: XXXX of the spine: a historical review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['classic spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['neural complications']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neural deficit']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous disease']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity460 antagonists are known to exert various effects on the kidney that might modulate their antihypertensive potential. This study evaluated the renal effects, along with the efficacy, of @entity4768 in two subgroups of @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity101 ( @entity101 ), defined according to plasma @entity916 activity (PRA). Twenty-six @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive 12-week treatment with slow-release @entity4768 (2.5-5 mg) or placebo. Assessment of PRA related to concurrent 24-hour @entity1372 excretion was used to define @entity1 with high/medium (n=16) and low @entity916 profile (n=10). Urinary albumin excretion (UAE), serum @entity1011 and glomerular filtration rate (GFR, as endogenous @entity1011 clearance) were measured. Blood pressure (BP) decrease with @entity4768 was greater in the low PRA group as compared with the high/medium PRA group (P<0.05), and normalization of BP was achieved in all low- @entity916 @entity1 compared with 57% in the high/medium PRA group. BP reduction in the placebo group was statistically not significant. @entity4768 , but not placebo, induced significant reduction in UAE (P<0.05); the decrease was similar in both PRA groups. Treatment did not cause any significant changes in GFR, PRA, urinary @entity1372 or @entity1011 excretion, or serum @entity1369 or @entity1011 concentrations. The decrease of BP in the whole @entity4768 -treated group was inversely correlated with pretreatment serum @entity1011 as well as with basal urinary @entity1011 excretion. In conclusion, the antihypertensive effect of @entity4768 was more pronounced in low- @entity916 @entity101 @entity1 , despite similar effects on renal function and UAE in both PRA groups.

title: Antihypertensive and renal effects of @entity4768 in @entity101 : focus on XXXX system activity.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['essential hypertension', 'EH']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4768 :: ('MESH:D017275', 'Chemical') :: ['isradipine', 'Isradipine']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate short-term recovery of @entity365 with those of laparoscopic assisted @entity365 performed in a prospective, randomized multicentric study. STUDY DESIGN: Eighty @entity1 referred for hysterectomy for benign pathology were randomized to either @entity365 (40 @entity1 ) or laparoscopic assisted @entity365 (40 @entity1 ). Inclusion criteria were uterine size larger than 280 g and one or more of the following: previous pelvic surgery, history of pelvic inflammatory disease, moderate or severe @entity46 , concomitant adnexal masses, and indication for adnexectomy. No upper limit of uterine size was set. All the laparoscopic and the vaginal hysterectomies were done under endotracheal general anesthesia. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in terms of @entity1 's age, parity, postmenopausal state, indication for surgery and mean uterine weight between the 2 groups. Laparoconversion was performed in three @entity1 in the laparoscopic group. Operative time was significantly shorter in the vaginal versus the laparoscopic groups 108+/-35 and 160+/-50 respectively (p<0.001). The use of @entity1443 , non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and opioid during hospitalization were similar in the 2 groups. There was no difference in the 1st day hemoglobin level drop, time of passing gas and stool, or hospital stay between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: In contrast with earlier reports, there was no difference in short-term recovery between @entity1 undergoing vaginal or laparoscopic hysterectomy. No advantage was found performing laparoscopic assisted @entity365 in comparison with the standard @entity365 .

title: Recovery from @entity365 compared with laparoscopy-assisted XXXX : a prospective, randomized, multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal hysterectomy']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['vaginal hysterectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence from randomized trials on the effects of screening for @entity263 ( @entity263 ) on disease-specific mortality accumulates slowly with increasing follow-up. OBJECTIVE: To assess data on @entity263 -specific mortality in the Rotterdam section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for @entity263 (ERSPC) trial. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A randomized controlled trial with randomization after signed, written informed consent (efficacy trial). In the period 1993-1999, a total of 42 376 @entity1 aged 54-74 yr were randomized to a screening arm (S-arm) (n = 21 210 with screening every 4 yr, applying a total @entity1486 [PSA] level cut-off >=  3.0 ng/ml as biopsy indication) or a control arm (C-arm) (n = 21 166; no intervention). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Number of PCas detected per arm depicted by predefined time periods and prognostic groups. @entity263 -specific mortality analyses using Poisson regression in age group 55-74 yr at randomization and separately in the predefined age group of 55-69 yr. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: After a median follow-up of 12.8 yr, 19 765 @entity1 (94.2%) were screened at least once and 2674 PCas were detected (of which 561 [21.0%] were interval PCas). In the C-arm, 1430 PCas were detected, resulting in an excess incidence of 59 PCas per 1000 @entity1 randomized (61 PCas per 1000 in age group 55-69 yr). Thirty-two percent of all @entity1 randomized have died. @entity263 -specific mortality relative-risk (RR) reductions of 20.0% overall (age: 55-74 yr; p = 0.042) and 31.6% (age: 55-69 yr; p = 0.004) were found. A 14.1% increase was found in @entity1 aged 70-74 yr (not statistically significant). Absolute @entity263 mortality was 1.8 per 1000 @entity1 randomized (2.6 per 1000 @entity1 randomized in age group 55-69 yr). The number needed to invite and number needed to manage were 565 and 33, respectively, for age group 55-74 yr, and 392 and 24, respectively, for age group 65-69 yr. Given the slow natural history of the disease, follow-up might be too short. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic PSA-based screening reduced @entity263 -specific mortality by 32% in the age range of 55-69 yr. The roughly twofold higher incidence in the S-arm underlines the importance of tools to better identify those @entity1 who would benefit from screening.

title: Screening for XXXX : results of the Rotterdam section of the European randomized study of screening for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PCa', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity1 attended the emergency department following an episode of collapse. He was known to have chronic @entity788 and a @entity9007 . He had recently been recumbent due to chronic @entity490 . On arrival he was unwell. Baseline observations revealed an @entity26 saturation of 87% on room air, pulse 115 bpm and blood pressure 86/57 mm Hg. Physical examination was unremarkable except for mild abdominal tenderness. He was started on high-flow @entity26 , intravenous fluid and broad-spectrum antibiotics. A chest x-ray was unremarkable. Massive @entity358 was considered a likely diagnosis. The @entity1 underwent an urgent @entity358 ( @entity358 ). As this was undertaken as an urgent investigation straight from the resuscitation area a d-dimer test was not performed. The @entity358 showed no evidence of @entity1151 but demonstrated a subdiaphragmatic collection. An arterial phase abdominal CT scan was thus performed, which confirmed a large subcapsular splenic haematoma and @entity715 . The @entity1 was resuscitated with blood products and transferred for @entity432 .

title: An interesting cause of collapse in a @entity1 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus', 'CT pulmonary angiogram', 'CTPA']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery embolisation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['splenic vein thrombosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on safety of intravenous sedation in pediatric GI endoscopy are sparse. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate safety of intravenous sedation for GI endoscopy. DESIGN/SETTING: Single-center prospective series of outpatient GI endoscopies performed from February 2003 to February 2004 at The @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia. The recorded information included demographic, medication, and adverse event data. @entity1 : A total of 1226 @entity1 were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Description of adverse events relating to intravenous sedation. RESULTS: A total of 2635 endoscopies were performed, of which 1717 were outpatient procedures with the @entity1 under intravenous sedation. Sedation data were available on 1578 procedures (92%, M/F 674/552): 758 esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD) alone, 116 colonoscopies (COL) alone, and 352 combined EGD and COL. The median dose of @entity3575 was 2.77 microg/kg (SD 0.97, range 0-6.73), and of @entity1363 was 0.11 mg/kg (SD 0.06, range 0-0.39). The mean recovery time was 118 minutes (SD 47.3, range 31-375). Ten @entity1 (0.8%) failed intravenous sedation. Serious adverse events ( @entity386 ) were noted in 2 @entity1 (0.2%). Mild or moderate adverse events included desaturation below 92% for less than 20 seconds (100 @entity1 , 9%), @entity391 (64 @entity1 , 5%), @entity2146 (15 @entity1 , 1%), desaturation below 92% for greater than 20 seconds (12 @entity1 , 0.7%), and @entity1910 (8 @entity1 , 0.7%). No cardiopulmonary resuscitation or sedation reversal was necessary. No @entity1 required hospitalization. @entity1 younger than 6 years were more likely to develop respiratory adverse event (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous sedation with @entity1363 and @entity3575 is safe for pediatric GI endoscopy. Serious adverse events are rare and no @entity1 required hospitalization.

title: Safety of intravenous @entity1363 and XXXX for pediatric GI endoscopy: prospective study of 1578 endoscopies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: Factors responsible for recurrence of @entity418 were investigated in 90 @entity1 who underwent extended radical esophagectomy with three-field dissection for a @entity957 in the thoracic esophagus. The initial @entity5 recurrence was grouped as either locoregional (site of the @entity5 , anastomotic site, or lymph nodes) or as distant (distant organs, pleura, or peritoneum). Nineteen @entity1 (21%) developed a locoregional recurrence, and 19 (21%) developed a distant recurrence. One (1%) developed both recurrences simultaneously and was classified as a distant recurrence. The locoregional recurrence was correlated with the stage factors, particularly the number of @entity3 -positive nodes. For the distant recurrence, vascular invasion was found to have been the most important prognostic factor. Our findings suggested that locoregional recurrence was due to @entity5 progress related to the extent of lymph node @entity3 , whereas distant recurrence was due to the oncologic behavior of the @entity5 . Locoregional recurrence in @entity1 with limited disease may be reduced by extended radical esophagectomy with three-field dissection. Distant recurrence cannot be controlled by surgery. Adopted postoperative adjuvant therapies showed no effect on recurrence.

title: Pattern of recurrence after extended radical esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection for XXXX in the thoracic esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) should be treated in close cooperation between GPs and rheumatologists and following treatment guidelines. In this study, we analyse the utilization of health care among @entity1 with @entity309 and explain the determinants of the frequency of use of GP and rheumatologist services. METHODS: A random sample (n = 1259) of adult Estonian @entity1 with @entity309 was investigated in 2007. A pre-structured questionnaire included questions regarding respondents' socio-economic status, quality of life, self-reported use of health care, time, distance and financial aspects of access to health care. The impact of the variables on the frequency of use of health care was analysed with regression analysis. RESULTS: Use of GP services was higher among @entity1 who lived outside the capital, had more health problems and experienced disability due to their @entity309 . Time and distance limits had an effect on the frequency of use of both primary and specialist care. A shorter waiting time to the GP and a longer waiting time to the rheumatologist were associated with more frequent use of GP services, but a shorter waiting time to the rheumatologist was related to more frequent visits to the rheumatologist. @entity1 's costs were not associated with the frequency of health care use. CONCLUSIONS: Use of health care among @entity1 with @entity309 depends primarily upon doctors' waiting times, @entity1 ' place of residence and their health status. The GP has a significant role in the management of @entity309 @entity1 , especially for those who have multiple health problems and those living in rural areas.

title: Use of general practice and rheumatology outpatient services in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The osseointegration concept has dramatically changed the possibility of rehabilitating @entity1 with @entity2122 due to @entity4802 . PURPOSE: This article describes some problems related to the investigative routines and rehabilitation of individuals with @entity600 of the first and second branchial arches of the craniofacial region. Animal model systems have increased the knowledge of basic embryonic processes that can explain the extent of the @entity600 . Though most clinical first and second @entity4802 are likely to be caused by sporadic mutations, @entity74 occur and also teratogenically induced syndromes are known. Prenatal diagnosis ruling out heredity and exogenous influence seems possible in the future. The possibility of preventing and alleviating fulminant syndromes prenatally also could be conceivable in the future. @entity1 AND METHODS: The rehabilitation process starts early after birth and should involve a team of specialists including clinical geneticists, pediatricians, audiologists, plastic surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, otosurgeons, anaplastologists, speech pathologists, pedodontists, and orthodontists. With the development of the osseointegration concept in which craniofacial prostheses and hearing aids can be adapted on implants anchored in the craniofacial skeleton, a new field in the rehabilitation of these @entity600 has opened. RESULTS: Important aspects in the use of the osseointegration concept include determination of the lowest age for implant surgery, accessibility of adequate bone for implants, the growth of the craniofacial skeleton during childhood, and the possibility for the @entity1 and his or her parents to care for the skin penetration. Adverse tissue reactions, durability of craniofacial prostheses, and the possibility of unknown adverse reactions to metal implants in the body over a long time are other aspects of concern. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity4802 benefit from a well-planned multidisciplinary rehabilitation process in which osseointegrated @entity393 and bone-anchored ear prostheses can be useful tools.

title: First and second XXXX : aspects on the embryogenesis, elucidations, and rehabilitation using the osseointegration concept.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial defects']

entities_list: @entity4802 :: ('MESH:D006053', 'Disease') :: ['branchial arch syndromes']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited syndromes']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['bone-anchored hearing aids']

answer: @entity4802 :: (MESH:D006053,Disease) :: ['branchial arch syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) are at increased risk for @entity65 ( @entity65 ). We compared the histologic features of @entity453 in @entity1 with @entity309 and non- @entity309 controls. METHODS: Forty-one @entity309 @entity1 who died and underwent autopsy between 1985 and 2003 were matched to 82 non- @entity309 controls of the same age and sex with similar history of @entity65 and autopsy date. Coronary arteries were submitted for histologic evaluation. The grade of @entity850 was evaluated in each artery. The numbers of vulnerable plaques and @entity1187 were counted. The composition of a representative stable and vulnerable plaque from each vessel was evaluated. Chi-square tests were used to compare differences between groups. RESULTS: @entity1 and controls had similar age at @entity204 (mean 79 yrs) and 61% were female in both groups. Overall, there was no significant difference in grade of @entity850 or number of @entity1187 . Among subjects with @entity65 , 54% of controls had grade 3-4 lesions in left main artery versus only 7% of @entity1 (p = 0.023). Vulnerable plaques in @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) artery were significantly more common in @entity1 than controls (p = 0.018). @entity32 was observed more frequently in @entity1 , in both the media of left circumflex (p = 0.005) and adventitia of @entity1347 artery (p = 0.024). Similar trends were seen for subjects with @entity712 . CONCLUSION: There was less histologic evidence of @entity731 but greater evidence of @entity32 and instability in @entity309 @entity1 compared to controls. These differences suggest that the mechanisms responsible for @entity65 and mortality may be different in @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: Differences in atherosclerotic coronary heart disease between subjects with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most reports in the medical literature on @entity5419 mortality are related to peanut and tree nut. There is limited knowledge regarding these reactions and often only a partial medical history is described. OBJECTIVE: To record and characterize all known cases of mortality due to @entity5419 in Israel occurring during the period 2004-2011. METHODS: All cases of @entity5419 -related mortality that were known to medical personnel or were published in the Israeli national communications media were investigated. We interviewed the parents and, when feasible, physicians who treated the final event. RESULTS: Four cases of food-related mortality were identified: three cases were due to @entity291 's milk and one to hazelnut. All were exposed to a hidden/non-obvious allergen. All four had a history of @entity565 but were not on controller medications, and none had experienced previous non-life threatening accidental reactions. Three of the four @entity1 had not been evaluated by an allergist, nor were they prescribed injectable @entity1425 . The one @entity1 who had been prescribed injectable @entity1425 did not use it during her fatal anaphylactic attack. CONCLUSIONS: Fatal reactions to @entity291 's milk and hazelnut but not to peanut are the only reported food mortality cases in Israel. Although these @entity1 had previous reactions following accidental exposures, none had experienced a life-threatening reaction. @entity1 at risk are not adequately evaluated by allergists, nor are they prescribed and instructed on the proper use of injectable @entity1425 . @entity291 's milk should be considered a potentially fatal allergen.

title: Lessons from cases of mortality due to XXXX in Israel: @entity291 's milk protein should be considered a potentially fatal allergen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to clarify characteristics of combined hepatocellular and @entity201 (HCC-CC) on CT and clinicopathological examinations. METHODS: Dynamic incremental CT was performed on 15 combined HCC-CC @entity1 . CT of the early phase was started at 30 s and of the late phase at 120-140 s, after the start of contrast medium injection at a rate of 3 ml/s. The images and clinicopathological findings were retrospectively compared. RESULTS: Lesions grossly resembling HCC (HCC type, n = 6) were well enhanced in the early phase and changed to low attenuation areas in the late phase. In lesions grossly resembling CC (CC type, n = 9), 8 of 9 lesions were enhanced only at the peripheral portions in the early phase and changed to low attenuation areas or had only central portions enhanced in the late phase. The other CC-type lesion was not enhanced in either the early or the late phase. In all 15 cases, there was no dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. @entity1956 virus surface antigen was positive in five cases. @entity10745 virus antibody was positive in 10 cases. Serum @entity160 ( @entity160 ) levels were > or = 200 ng/ml in seven cases. CONCLUSION: In the CC type, enhanced CT images were compatible with CC, but positivities for virus markers and serum @entity160 levels were almost equivalent to those in HCC. Therefore, the CC type can be diagnosed as combined HCC-CC by evaluating virus markers and serum @entity160 levels with CT. In addition, no association of intrahepatic bile duct dilatation was considered to be a characteristic feature of combined HCC-CC.

title: Combined hepatocellular and XXXX : correlation between CT findings and clinicopathological features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity10745 :: ('MESH:D006526', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis C']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Previous studies have indicated that @entity679 ( @entity679 ) attenuates the central nervous system penetration and central activity of some opioids. The impact of @entity679 -mediated efflux on the disposition and efficacy of the synthetic opioid @entity680 currently is unknown. In this study, @entity679 -competent [ @entity678 (+/+)] and @entity679 -deficient [ @entity678 (-/-)] @entity19 were used to investigate the impact of @entity679 -mediated efflux on the systemic pharmacokinetics, @entity75 , and central activity of @entity680 . Equipotent doses of @entity680 were administered to @entity678 (+/+) and @entity678 (-/-) @entity19 (0.2 and 0.067 mg/kg, respectively), and the time course of brain and serum concentrations as well as antinociception were determined. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model was fit to the data and used to assess the impact of @entity679 on parameters associated with @entity680 disposition and action. The @entity678 (+/+) @entity19 were less sensitive to @entity680 than @entity678 (-/-) @entity19 , requiring a 3-fold higher dose to produce similar antinociception. PK-PD modeling revealed no differences in @entity680 systemic pharmacokinetics between @entity679 expressers and nonexpressers. However, the steady-state brain-to-serum concentration ratio (K(p,brain,ss)) was approximately 3-fold lower in @entity678 (+/+) @entity19 compared with @entity678 (-/-) @entity19 (0.19 +/- 0.01 versus 0.54 +/- 0.04, respectively). Consistent with the approximately 3-fold lower K(p,brain,ss), the antinociception versus serum concentration relationship in @entity678 (+/+) @entity19 was shifted approximately 3-fold rightward compared with @entity678 (-/-) @entity19 . However, there was no difference in the antinociception versus brain concentration relationship, or in the brain tissue EC(50) (11 +/- 1.8 versus 9.2 +/- 1.7 ng/g), between @entity678 (+/+) and @entity678 (-/-) @entity19 . These results indicate that @entity680 is an in vivo @entity679 substrate and are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity679 -mediated efflux attenuates antinociception by reducing @entity680 K(p,brain,ss).

title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of @entity680 in @entity679 -competent and XXXX -deficient @entity19 : @entity679 efflux alters @entity680 @entity75 and antinociception.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disposition']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

answer: @entity679 :: (67078(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['P-glycoprotein']


abstract: Hu714MuXHu is a recombinant chimeric murine-human monoclonal antibody directed against @entity41261 ( @entity41261 ), a proinflammatory cytokine associated with memory CD8+ and natural killer (NK) T-cell activation and implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/ @entity1726 ) model was developed to describe the NK cell count reduction in @entity5434 after treatment with Hu714MuXHu. @entity5434 were dosed with Hu714MuXHu in three studies: as a single dose at 0.1 or 1  mg  kg(-1) i.v.; weekly for 5  weeks at 0, 30, 60, or 150  mg  kg(-1) i.v. or 150  mg  kg(-1) s.c.; weekly for 13  weeks at 0, 5, 30, or 150  mg  kg(-1) s.c. Serum Hu714MuXHu concentration-time data were analyzed using noncompartmental analysis and the PK/NK cell count relationship was assessed via simultaneous PK/ @entity1726 modeling. Hu714MuXHu PK was approximately dose-proportional between 0.1-150  mg  kg(-1) for i.v. and 5-150  mg  kg(-1) for s.c. administration with an elimination half-life of 12.7-18  days. Hu714MuXHu administration resulted in rapid and marked reductions in NK cell counts after the first dose which recovered fully after the serum Hu714MuXHu concentrations approached 0.1   g  mL(-1) (assay limit of quantification). PK/ @entity1726 modeled Hu714MuXHu effects on NK cells had an EC 50 of 0.09   g  mL(-1). In summary, weekly i.v. or s.c. doses with Hu714MuXHu for up to 3  months in @entity5434 demonstrated linear PK and significant NK cell count reduction, which was described using PK/ @entity1726 modeling. This approach may be used to guide investigative product dose selections for inflammatory diseases where NK cell count alterations are quantifiable.

title: Modeling the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of the monoclonal anti-macaque- @entity41261 antibody Hu714MuXHu in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Cynomolgus monkeys', 'cynomolgus monkeys']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: We studied the effect of @entity918 on metabolic and electrolyte parameters. In the first protocol, six groups of @entity35 were studied to determine whether changes in @entity2224 threshold, and serum and myocardial @entity972 occur after treatment with different doses of @entity918 ; three groups (N = 15) served as controls and the other three groups (N = 15) were given different doses of @entity918 for a 3 month period. Two @entity35 from each group were sacrificed daily. One @entity35 heart was perfused using the Langendorff perfusion apparatus and the other used for myocardial @entity972 analysis. Blood was also collected for serum @entity972 analysis. There was no change in the threshold for @entity2224 in groups treated with 0.04 mg and 0.09 mg @entity918 compared to control values. There was a nonsignificant decrease in serum and myocardial @entity972 levels in @entity35 treated with 0.04 mg and 0.09 mg @entity918 compared to control. Seven of the 15 @entity35 treated with 0.18 mg @entity918 showed significantly lower @entity2224 threshold levels and decreased serum @entity972 (P < 0.02) compared to control animals. In addition, a significant decrease in myocardial @entity972 was noted (P < 0.05). In the second protocol, 8 of the 15 @entity35 treated with 0.18 mg @entity918 showed reduced @entity2224 threshold and serum @entity972 levels (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in myocardial @entity972 was also observed (P < 0.05). These variables were corrected by the intragastric administration of @entity972 salts. The present study indicates that 0.04 mg and 0.09 mg @entity918 have no effect on @entity2224 threshold level or on serum or myocardial @entity972 levels. There was a significant decrease in @entity2224 threshold and serum and myocardial @entity972 levels in 7 of the 15 animals studied in protocol one and 8 of the 15 animals studied in protocol two, treated with 0.18 mg @entity918 and these variables were corrected by the intragastric administration of @entity972 salts.

title: The effect of a low dose versus a conventional dose of @entity918 on @entity2224 threshold and electrolyte levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['laboratory rats']


abstract: @entity751 is associated with systemic @entity32 . @entity40547 contribute to proinflammatory and platelet-activator reactions. @entity842 (NO) is involved in the regulation of MMPs. The objectives of our study were to investigate the intensity of @entity32 induced by 3 different surgical procedures, the effects of @entity32 on the activity of MMPs, and the regulation of @entity32 by inhaled NO (20 ppm). Inhaled NO was initiated immediately after tracheal intubation and maintained for the total duration of the experiments. Thirty @entity1707 were equally randomized into 6 groups [sham; sham + NO; cardiopulmonary bypass; bypass + NO; bypass + lipopolysaccharide (1 microg/kg for 50 min); bypass + lipopolysaccharide + NO] and animals were subjected to anesthesia and mechanical ventilation up to 24 h. The levels of @entity29119 and @entity9406 in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage were measured using zymography. Bypass resulted in a time-dependent rise in MMP activity, an effect potentiated by lipopolysaccharide. Inhaled NO attenuated the effects of bypass + lipopolysaccharide. These results confirm that @entity29119 and @entity9406 are associated with the inflammatory process causing the postpump syndrome. Preemptive and continuous administration of inhaled NO helps to prevent increased @entity29119 and @entity9406 activity.

title: Increased alveolar and plasma gelatinases activity during postpump syndrome: Inhibition by inhaled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity40547 :: ('654325;397391', 'Gene') :: ['Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Postpump syndrome']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The detectability of diffuse @entity409 by quantitative echography was retrospectively investigated using scans of @entity1 with known pathologic findings (n = 103) and of normal subjects (n = 129). The authors determined the best set of quantitative parameters for this task. METHODS: Quantitative echography was comprised of acoustospectrographic parameters (frequency dependence of attenuation and backscattering) and image texture parameters. The disease processes studied included: acute @entity99 , @entity99 / @entity82 , @entity99 / @entity82 , @entity2835 , and @entity1560 . RESULTS: Correct differentiation of these diseases ranged from 88% to 97%. Correlations between histologic grading and echographic parameters were poor. With only one exception, the differentiation between any two of the diseases could be made in 60% to 99% of cases. Different parameters better differentiated abnormal from normal scans than among diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of diffuse @entity409 can be based on echographic parameters, related to a diffuse scattering model, whereas the differentiation among diseases needs additional parameters derived from a structural scattering model. Further studies are indicated to assess the prospective potential of the devised methods.

title: Detection and differentiation of diffuse XXXX by quantitative echography. A retrospective assessment.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic hepatitis', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the possible inhibitory effects of hot water extract of Scutellariae radix and its major components ( @entity19988 , @entity7651 , and @entity42095 ) on experimental elevation of aqueous flare in pigmented @entity95 . METHODS: To produce aqueous flare elevation in @entity95 , @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), 25 microg/mL, was applied to the @entity267 with the use of a glass cylinder, or lipopolysaccharides (LPS), 0.5 microg/kg, were injected into an ear vein. Animals were pretreated by the oral administration of 150 g/day of food containing 0.02%, 0.07%, or 0.2% (w/w) extract of Scutellariae radix for 5 days, or by intravenous injection of @entity19988 , @entity7651 , or @entity42095 , 60 microg/kg or 600 microg/kg, 30 minutes before experimental @entity1596 was induced. Aqueous flare was measured with a laser flare-cell meter. Aqueous flare intensity was expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) in arbitrary units. RESULTS: The AUC of @entity1421 - and LPS-induced aqueous flare elevation was 1,343 and 5,066 arbitrary units, respectively. Pretreatment by oral administration of 0.07% or 0.2% extract of Scutellariae radix did not inhibit @entity1421 -induced aqueous flare elevation (AUC: 1,252 and 1,210, respectively), but it did inhibit LPS-induced aqueous flare elevation (AUC: 2,248 and 1,973, respectively). Pretreatment by intravenous injection of 600 microg/kg of @entity19988 , @entity7651 , or @entity42095 inhibited LPS-induced aqueous flare elevation (AUC: 2,289, 2,163, and 1,509, respectively). Pretreatment with 60 microg/kg of @entity42095 also inhibited LPS-induced aqueous flare elevation (AUC: 1,980). CONCLUSION: Hot water extract of Scutellariae radix may have an inhibitory effect on experimental anterior @entity1596 induced by LPS in pigmented @entity95 .

title: Effects of scutellariae radix extract and its components ( XXXX , @entity7651 , and @entity42095 ) on the experimental elevation of aqueous flare in pigmented @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity19988 :: ('MESH:C006680', 'Chemical') :: ['baicalein']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity7651 :: ('MESH:C038044', 'Chemical') :: ['baicalin']

answer: @entity19988 :: (MESH:C006680,Chemical) :: ['baicalein']


abstract: Extended resection, comprising extended right hemicolectomy, splenectomy, and distal pancreatectomy, has been advocated for @entity189 of the @entity4558 because the lymphatic drainage at this site is variable. The present study addresses the problems associated with selecting the most appropriate operative procedure to achieve cure of @entity5 . We conducted a retrospective review of 27 @entity1 with @entity5 who underwent curative resection. Left partial colectomy was performed in 20 @entity1 and partial resection of the transverse/descending colon was performed in 7 @entity1 . The combined resection of adjacent organs due to @entity5 adherence was performed in three @entity1 . The spleen and distal pancreas were the organs most frequently resected among a collective total of six adjacent organs. The median duration of follow-up was 60.9 months after resection for @entity5 . No @entity1 developed local recurrence. There was no significant difference in 5-year survival between @entity1 with @entity5 and those with @entity694 at other sites. In conclusion, @entity5 resected by left partial colectomy or partial resection of the transverse/descending colon without routine extended resection was not associated with a worse prognosis than @entity694 at other sites.

title: Surgical treatment and subsequent outcome of @entity1 with @entity189 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'splenic flexure cancers', 'splenic flexure cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

answer: @entity4558 :: (MESH:D013158,Disease) :: ['splenic flexure']


abstract: Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein catheterization and transfemoral portal and caval catheterizations were performed under local anesthesia in five @entity1 with symptoms of @entity347 . During the investigation, results of pancreatic phlebography revealed the pancreatic venous anatomy. Blood obtained from the celiac artery, caval branches and pancreatic veins was assayed for insulin by two different radioimmunoassay methods. Pathologically high, pancreatic arteriovenous insulin differences in two @entity1 with @entity9608 and in two @entity1 with @entity14380 . In one of the @entity1 with an @entity9608 , one of the assays failed to detect the @entity5 insulin. This inconsistency still remains unexplained. Angiography revealed a @entity660 in only two @entity1 . During operation, two of the @entity5 were found upon palpation and inspection. Pancreatic resections were performed according to the findings of pathologic hormone differences in all five @entity1 . Immunocytochemistry revealed that three of the @entity1 had insulin-producing @entity5 and two had local @entity14380 . Catheterizations performed two months postoperatively confirmed the radicality of the operation in all @entity1 , with the possible exception of one @entity1 . In one @entity1 , a recurrance was detected by catheterization ten months postoperatively.

title: @entity9608 and XXXX by pancreatic vein catheterization and insulin assay.

entities_list: @entity14380 :: ('MESH:D018273', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma', 'insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity14380 :: (MESH:D018273,Disease) :: ['islet cell hyperplasias']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the vascular density of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression with microvascular density determined by @entity2280 and @entity2279 with conventional prognostic parameters. METHODS: The study involved 50 @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) cases. @entity7 , @entity2280 , and @entity2279 were stained by immunohistochemistry, and then preparations were evaluated by two pathologists under light microscopy. The whole @entity5 area was scrutinized in all the sections. In the evaluation of @entity7 , due to the lack of homogenous staining within the @entity5 , two parameters, distribution and intensity of expression, were evaluated semiquantitively. In the evaluation of microvascular density with @entity2280 and @entity2279 staining, three hot areas with the highest density were determined. In x200 magnification of these areas, on a single plane, the quantity of vascular structures with lumens was determined. RESULTS: Intensity of @entity7 Expression was higher in @entity1377 of @entity8 (P = 0.014) and it was significantly correlated with @entity5 stage (P = 0.013), survival time (P = 0.01), and @entity5 size (P = 0.035). Distribution of @entity7 expression was also higher in papillary @entity1358 (P = 0.055) and it was significantly correlated with @entity5 stage (P = 0.043) and @entity5 size (P = 0.039). Vascular density determined with @entity2280 staining was higher in conventional @entity1358 (P < 0.05); in addition, it was significantly correlated with distribution and intensity of @entity7 expression (P < 0.05) and @entity5 stage (P < 0.05). Vascular density determined with @entity2279 staining was not significantly correlated with @entity5 type, @entity5 stage, nuclear grade, and survival time. CONCLUSIONS: Intensity and distribution of @entity7 were higher in papillary @entity1358 . Both parameters were significantly correlated with @entity5 size, stage, and vascular density determined with @entity2280 staining. Intensity of @entity7 was also significantly correlated with capsule invasion. Vascular density determined with @entity2280 staining, however, was higher in conventional @entity1358 , and it was correlated with @entity5 size and stage.

title: A comparison of the vascular density of @entity7 expression with microvascular density determined with @entity2280 and @entity2279 staining and conventional prognostic markers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary type carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Female, Swiss @entity19 were fed semi-synthetic diets for 33 days. The diets were fibre-free (FF) or supplemented with @entity4336 bran (CB) 12%, @entity3505 bran (WB) 12%, alfalfa (AL) 12%, pectin (P) 6%, cellulose (CL) 6%, or lignin (LG) 6%. Fibre caused @entity1373 . The number of cells per crypt was increased 9-13% and the crypt column length by 14-19% in the CL, AL and LG groups. CB caused rather @entity1373 , WB less again and P caused none. The colon mucosal DNA content was approximately 5-10% lower in @entity19 given supplemental fibre. The pH of the contents of the distal colon was apparently unaffected by fibre. Measurement of a non-specific, non-enzymic reducing activity indicated that activity was doubled by AL and LG, lowered 41% by CB but little changed by WB, CL and P. The deoxycholate binding capacity of the colon contents was increased 3--4-fold by LG, whereas the other fibre sources were without appreciable effect. This high binding capacity by LG was also seen in the material used for diet preparation. Analyses of the contents of the caecum and of the remaining colon indicated that as food residue passes from the caecum to the remaining colon little change in binding capacity occurs.

title: Dietary fibre and the XXXX colon: its influence on luminal pH, reducing activity and bile acid binding.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['less hyperplasia', 'little hyperplasia of the colon mucosa']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: To study genetic changes associated with the development of @entity0 and the extent of its hereditary predisposition, @entity982 -embedded tissue samples were obtained from monozygotic twin pairs concordant for @entity0 through the linked Swedish Twin and Cancer Registries. DNA samples extracted from the matched @entity5 and normal tissues of nine twin pairs were analysed for allelic imbalance using a series of microsatellite markers on chromosomes 13 and 17, containing loci with known @entity5 suppressor genes. Multiple losses of constitutional heterozygosity (LOH), consistent with a loss of large genomic region, the whole chromosome or chromosome arm, was found in at least three pairs of twins. One double mitotic crossover was identified in one @entity5 sample in a pair concordant for LOH at multiple loci on both chromosomes. Recombination breakpoints were mapped to regions delineated by D13S218 and D13S263, and D13S155 and D13S279, respectively. In general, no genetic effect of losing the same allele within a twin pair was found. However, for one marker at chromosome 13 (D13S328, between the @entity2674 and the @entity996 loci) and two markers on chromosome 17 (D17S786, distal to the @entity876 locus, and D17S855, an intragenic @entity5345 marker) the proportion of twin pairs with the same LOH was significantly higher than expected. These regions may reflect hereditary genomic changes in our sample set. In addition, @entity5 DNA samples from a subset of 12 twin pairs were analysed for @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutations using exon-by-exon single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Two unclassified @entity2674 variants, with a putative pathogenic effect, were identified, but no pathogenic alterations were found in the @entity5345 gene.

title: Allelic imbalance on chromosomes 13 and 17 and mutation analysis of XXXX and @entity2674 genes in monozygotic twins concordant for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 (CADASIL) is characterized by the recurrence of @entity1188 leading to @entity303 . It is known the genetic and neuroimaging findings, but there are few studies about its histopathology. Our objective had been to study the pathological findings in this @entity4065 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied two families spreading over four generations. We performed a detailed clinical history, laboratory investigations, neuroimaging study and genetic analysis. Two brain biopsies and one autopsy were done in @entity1 from the two families. RESULTS: Eight affected members, with autosomal dominant inheritance. Age at onset was between 40 and 50 years. This was characterized clinically by recurrent @entity63 , @entity10 and subcortical @entity303 without vascular risk factors. Histopathological findings showed an @entity4065 characterized by a slightly basophilic small arterial granular degeneration of the medial sheath associated with the presence of ballooned smooth muscle cells with clear cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: The histopathological findings of CADASIL show a characteristic @entity4065 that allow a better understanding of its pathogenesis and could contribute for its diagnosis.

title: [Cerebral arteriopathy with @entity1188 and XXXX with dominant autosomal inheritance (CADASIL). Clinical and morphological study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4065 :: ('MESH:C537440', 'Disease') :: ['arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic attacks']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical infarcts']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['leukoencephalopathy']


abstract: @entity24664 is a rare, @entity4310 characterized by chronic @entity294 , @entity6123 , and failure to thrive associated with the absence of apo B48-containing lipoproteins. To further define the molecular basis of the disease, we studied 8 affected subjects in 7 unrelated families of North African origin after treatment with a low-fat diet. Lipid loading of intestinal biopsies persisted, but the pattern and extent of loading was variable among the @entity1 . Electron microscopy showed lipoprotein-like particles in membrane-bound compartments, the densities (0.65 to 7.5 particles/mu(2)) and the mean diameters (169 to 580 nm) of which were, in general, significantly larger than in a normal fed subject (0.66 particles/mu(2), 209 nm mean diameter). There were also large lipid particles having diameters up to 7043 nm (average diameters from 368 to 2127 nm) that were not surrounded by a membrane. Rarely, lipoprotein-like particles 50 to 150 nm in diameter were observed in the intercellular spaces. Intestinal organ culture showed that apo B and apo AIV were synthesized with apparently normal molecular weights and that small amounts were secreted in lipid-bound forms (density <1.006 g/mL). Normal microsomal @entity412 transfer protein (MTP) and activity were also detected in intestinal biopsies. Segregation analyses of 4 families excluded, as a cause of the disease, significant regions of the genome surrounding the genes for @entity1675 , AIV, B, CI, CII, CIII, and E, as were the genes encoding 3 proteins involved in intracellular lipid transport, MTP, and @entity844 binding proteins 1 and 2. The results suggest that a factor other than apoproteins and MTP are important for @entity1 intestinal chylomicron assembly and secretion.

title: XXXX : exclusion of apolipoprotein and intracellular lipid transport genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hypocholesterolemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity24664 :: ('MESH:C535460', 'Disease') :: ["Anderson's disease"]

answer: @entity24664 :: (MESH:C535460,Disease) :: ['Anderson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the morbidity factors of bilateral intertrochanteric @entity174 by analyzing medical records, so as to provide evidences for preventing the multiple intertrochanteric @entity174 . METHODS: From Janurary 2000 to June 2009, 68 @entity1 with bilateral intertrochanteric @entity174 were studied, including 31 males and 37 females, ranging in age from 42 to 95 years with an average age of 75 years. There were type A1 in 24 hips, type A2 in 96 hips, and type B3 in 16 hips. One hundred and twenty-eight hips had received surgical treatment, 8 hips were treated with conservative method. On the first injury, 67 @entity1 discharged after treatment, 1 @entity1 discharged after treatment in other department. On the second injury, 58 @entity1 discharged after treatment, 2 @entity1 died of complications, 8 @entity1 dischagred after treatment in other department. The risk factors including age, cause of @entity1317 , @entity170 and treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: The average age of two @entity174 were (73.6 +/- 9.25) and (76.7 +/- 6.74) years; the @entity130 cause was fall; the A2-type @entity174 went up to 80.88% on the secondary injury;and the proportion of complications was high, mainly geriatric @entity73 , @entity912 , and dysopia. Bone mineral density measurement of 16 cases showed marked @entity170 . CONCLUSION: @entity170 and @entity130 contribute mostly to the multiple intertrochanteric @entity174 . Complication was the dominating risk factor. Treatment of @entity170 , intensive care, postoperative rehabilitation and effective initial surgery are the key to prevent the secondary intertrochanteric @entity174 in old @entity1 .

title: [Analysis on morbidity factor of bilateral intertrochanteric XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury, fractures type, complications']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic paralysis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['major injury', 'fall injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) in @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) has been the subject of much controversy. Major international guidelines recommend selective use of @entity4185 . Recently published meta-analyses have reported conflicting findings on the effects of inhaled @entity134 therapy in @entity1030 . OBJECTIVES: The objective of the review is to determine the efficacy of regular use of @entity4185 in @entity1 with stable @entity1030 . SEARCH STRATEGY: A pre-defined search strategy was used to search the Cochrane Airways Group specialised register for relevant literature. Searches are current as of October 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected randomised trials comparing any dose of any type of inhaled @entity134 with a placebo control in @entity1 with @entity1030 . Acute bronchodilator reversibility to short term @entity2263 -agonists and @entity2488 were not exclusion criteria. The a priori primary outcome was change in lung function. Data on mortality, exacerbations, quality of life and symptoms, rescue bronchodilator use, exercise capacity, biomarkers and safety were also analysed. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. Adverse effects information was collected from the trials. MAIN RESULTS: Forty-seven primary studies with 13,139 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Medium term use of @entity4185 (> two months and up to six months) resulted in a small improvement in FEV1 in some studies. Long term use of @entity4185 (> six months) did not significantly reduce the rate of decline in FEV1 in @entity1030 @entity1 ( @entity353 ( @entity353 ) 5.80 ml/year with @entity4185 over placebo, 95% CI -0.28 to 11.88, 2333 @entity1 ). There was no statistically significant effect on mortality in @entity1030 @entity1 (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.16, 8390 @entity1 ). Long term use of @entity4185 reduced the mean rate of exacerbations in those studies where pooling of data was possible ( @entity353 -0.26 exacerbations per @entity1 per year, 95% CI -0.37 to -0.14, 2586 @entity1 ). @entity4185 slowed the rate of decline in quality of life, as measured by the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire ( @entity353 -1.22 units/year, 95% CI -1.83 to -0.60, 2507 @entity1 ). Response to @entity4185 was not predicted by oral @entity134 response, bronchodilator reversibility or bronchial hyper-responsiveness in @entity1030 @entity1 . There was an increased risk of @entity11876 (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.78 to 3.49, 4380 @entity1 ) and hoarseness. The few long term studies that measured bone effects generally showed no major effect on @entity174 and bone mineral density over 3 years. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and clinicians should balance the potential benefits of inhaled @entity230 in @entity1030 (reduced rate of exacerbations, reduced rate of decline in quality of life), against the known increase in local side effects ( @entity11876 and hoarseness). The risk of long term adverse effects is unknown.

title: Inhaled corticosteroids for stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity11876 :: ('MESH:D009959', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['inhaled corticosteroids', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: We report our experience with 14 consecutive cases of @entity131 occurring in @entity1 and adolescents aged 18 months to 18 years (mean 9.5 years). @entity1545 resulting in functional deficit occurred in 5 @entity1 (36 percent), 2 @entity1 suffered @entity1939 , and 1 suffered unilateral @entity1018 . A classification system and treatment algorithm based on the clinical @entity174 pattern seen by computed tomography are introduced. Type I, central, is confined to the upper nasoethmoidal complex, central frontal bone, and medial third of the superior orbital rims. Type II, unilateral, involves the entire supraorbital rim and the upper lateral orbital wall, extending into the squamosa of the temporal bone and @entity79 . Type III, bilateral, involves @entity174 of the upper nasal ethmoidal complex, bilateral supraorbital and upper lateral orbital wall @entity174 , and @entity174 . This classification was utilized to plan elective orbital and cranial osteotomies, similar to those used for frontal orbital advancement at the time of acute @entity174 repair. @entity2694 were used to access the anterior cranial fossa, orbital apices, and nasofrontal ducts and to obtain an intact bony template for side-table reassembly of the @entity174 fragments. There was no significant operative morbidity, one late @entity5173 , and no infections. Reoperation was necessary in four @entity1 (29 percent) for aesthetic indications.

title: XXXX : classification and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['frontal basilar trauma']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Brain parenchymal injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'bilateral frontal bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral blindness']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral frontal bone']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['Frontal orbital osteotomies']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Frontal basilar trauma']


abstract: @entity5638 resistance is an emerging problem in @entity54 which impacts the management of @entity2381 . Here in we report the emergence and clonal spread of resistance to @entity5627 in environmental @entity54 isolates in India. A total of 44 (7%) A. fumigatus isolates from 24 environmental samples were found to be @entity10998 resistant. The isolation rate of resistant A. fumigatus was highest (33%) from soil of tea gardens followed by soil from flower pots of the hospital garden (20%), soil beneath @entity2708 trees (20%), @entity579 paddy fields (12.3%), air samples of hospital wards (7.6%) and from soil admixed with bird droppings (3.8%). These strains showed cross-resistance to @entity5074 , @entity7143 , @entity2059 and to six @entity10998 fungicides used extensively in agriculture. Our analyses identified that all @entity10998 -resistant strains from India shared the same TR(34)/ @entity35568 mutation in the cyp51 gene. In contrast to the genetic uniformity of @entity5638 -resistant strains the @entity5638 -susceptible isolates from @entity1 and environments in India were genetically very diverse. All nine loci were highly polymorphic in populations of @entity5638 -susceptible isolates from both clinical and environmental samples. Furthermore, all Indian environmental and clinical @entity5638 resistant isolates shared the same multilocus microsatellite genotype not found in any other analyzed samples, either from within India or from the Netherlands, France, Germany or China. Our population genetic analyses suggest that the Indian @entity5638 -resistant A. fumigatus genotype was likely an extremely adaptive recombinant progeny derived from a cross between an @entity5638 -resistant strain migrated from outside of India and a native @entity5638 -susceptible strain from within India, followed by mutation and then rapid dispersal through many parts of India. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure of A. fumigatus to @entity5638 fungicides in the environment causes cross-resistance to medical @entity5627 . The study emphasises the need of continued surveillance of resistance in environmental and clinical A. fumigatus strains.

title: Clonal expansion and emergence of environmental multiple- @entity10998 -resistant XXXX strains carrying the TR      / @entity35568 mutations in the cyp51A gene in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity35568 :: ('p|SUB|L|98|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L98H']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity5627 :: ('MESH:D014230', 'Chemical') :: ['triazoles']

entities_list: @entity5638 :: ('CHEBI:68452', 'Chemical') :: ['azole', 'Azole']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: Recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) not only ameliorates the @entity417 of @entity177 but also modulates platelet function and corrects uremic platelet @entity750 ( @entity750 , @entity750 ) @entity33955 . We studied if @entity6009 , a blocker of platelet and vascular smooth muscle receptors for @entity750 , could reverse any @entity1307 -induced changes in hemostasis. A complete blood count, immunoreactive serum @entity1307 concentration, skin bleeding time (BT) and whole blood @entity1423 (electric impedance method) induced by @entity8325 and @entity857 , and intraplatelet and whole blood @entity750 , were determined in seven chronic hemodialysis (HD) @entity1 before and after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of @entity1307 therapy, and repeated after a 4-week co-treatment with oral @entity6009 . Stimulation of erythropoiesis was accompanied by a rise in the platelet count ( P < 0.05), shortening of the BT ( P < 0.02), an increase in @entity1423 , and by replenished intraplatelet @entity750 store. @entity6009 co-treatment produced an unexpected 33% fall in serum @entity1307 level ( P < 0.02), a decrease in the platelet count ( P < 0.05), prolongation of the BT ( P < 0.05) and depressed @entity1423 in response to both agonists. There was no change in the amount of intraplatelet @entity750 while whole blood @entity750 concentration decreased significantly ( P < 0.02). Strong positive correlations between the decrease in whole blood @entity750 and the prolongation of the BT ( r = 0.786, P < 0.05), and between the former parameter and the fall in the platelet count ( r = 0.820, P < 0.05) were found. In conclusion, we report dual erythro- and thrombocytopoietic effects of @entity1307 combined with correction of a @entity1423 in the storage of @entity750 and enhanced @entity1423 . The @entity6009 -induced falls in serum @entity1307 concentration and the platelet count provide new evidence of the dependency of thrombocytopoiesis on @entity1307 in the initial weeks of the therapy. The 'antiplatelet' effects of @entity6009 observed in this study seem to be due to reduction in circulating thrombocyte number rather than from any inhibitory effect on their aggregation.

title: Modulation of hematopoiesis by @entity6009 in XXXX -treated uremic @entity1 : evidence from platelet studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet defect', 'platelet aggregation', 'platelet aggregability']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity8325 :: ('MESH:D012310', 'Chemical') :: ['ristocetin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity33955 :: ('MESH:D010981', 'Disease') :: ['storage pool deficiency']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse patterns of metastatic spread from cutaneous @entity135 , which are said to be highly variable. The medical records of 145 @entity1 with pathologically proven @entity320 were reviewed retrospectively. The location of pathologically positive lymph nodes was compared with clinically predicted spread, and @entity1 with @entity3 in areas outside of predicted drainage patterns were considered aberrant. There were 33 curative and 73 elective neck dissections. 21 of 77 @entity1 undergoing parotidectomy had positive results for @entity3 . Clinical prediction proved to be correct in 33 of 45 cases (73.3%). Two @entity1 with lateralized @entity320 were initially seen with contralateral @entity3 . Six of 45 @entity1 (13.3%) developed contralateral @entity3 after neck dissection. @entity1 with clinical involvement of the parotid gland were at high risk of @entity135 (40%). @entity1 undergoing neck dissection for primaries originating in face, forehead, coronal scalp, periauricular area, and @entity135 should be considered for parotidectomy. @entity1 with posterior scalp and posterior neck primaries should be considered for selective neck dissection in conjunction with posterior lymphadenectomy. In @entity1 with coronal scalp and periauricular primaries, a complete neck dissection including parotidectomy is the recommended approach.

title: Lymphatic drainage patterns of head and neck cutaneous XXXX : does primary @entity320 site correlate with anatomic distribution of pathologically involved lymph nodes?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['upper neck', 'occult neck disease', 'head and neck melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity3090 ( @entity3089 ), the major @entity12919 found in green tea, has been demonstrated to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in a number of types of @entity5 . Recent studies reveal that @entity3090 has various anticancer effects. This study investigated a further possible molecular mechanism of the anticancer effects of @entity3090 in @entity19 @entity2 xenografts. In the study, A549 @entity1 @entity2 cells were injected into @entity19 . @entity5 volume was used to measure @entity5 cell growth. The weight of the animals was used to assess the @entity137 of the drugs. The expression of protein and mRNA was assayed by western blot analysis and RT-PCR, respectively. The interaction between @entity589 and @entity10320 was determined by immunoprecipitation. Our results suggest that @entity3090 induced A549 @entity2 cell apoptosis in vivo, and had less toxic effects compared to classical anticancer drugs. @entity3090 may inhibit the surrogate markers of proliferation and apoptosis ( @entity522 ) in A549 @entity5 xenografts in vivo. In addition, @entity3090 downregulated the expression of @entity1836 and upregulated the expression of @entity589 mRNA and protein. Further experiments indicated that @entity3090 downregulated the protein expression of @entity10320 and interrupted the binding of @entity10320 and @entity589 . This is the first study demonstrating that the induction of apoptosis by @entity3090 may be caused by the downregulation of @entity10320 and that @entity3090 disrupts the interaction between @entity10320 and @entity589 in @entity2 .

title: Role of XXXX and @entity589 in @entity3089 -induced apoptosis of A549 cells in vivo.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

answer: @entity10320 :: (2547,Gene) :: ['Ku70']