abstract: Reports on the behavioral effects of prenatal exposure to @entity2254 in rodents are inconsistent. Activity levels have been variously reported to increase, decrease, or show no change (as in the Collaborative Study) following such exposure. As a follow-up to the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study, 3 experiments have been conducted at the NCTR to examine the behavioral teratogenicity of this compound following SC dosing on days 12-15 of gestation. A higher dosage (3 mg/kg) was included and evaluations involved tasks used in the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study ( @entity427 , figure-8 activity) and other tasks not previously undertaken at the NCTR (short-term reactivity to novel open fields, intake of sweetened solutions). Activity measures gave especially mixed results. There was no effect of prenatal exposure, even at 3 mg/kg, upon longer-term activity, before or after @entity4944 challenge, in figure-8 mazes or rectangular photocell chambers, at postnatal days (PND) 47 or 120. In one experiment, changes in reactivity to brief exposure to an open field daily over 3 days were seen in higher dosage PND 135 males but not females, while higher dosage females but not males showed lowered emergence latencies at this age. In a second experiment, no exposure-related changes were seen in reactivity to an open field in offspring of either sex at PND 47 or 70. Auditory @entity427 amplitude showed complex dose effects in these two experiments. Females exposed to 3 mg/kg had elevated @entity427 amplitude at PNDs 47 and 120, but not at PND 19. Males in the 3 mg/kg group had elevated @entity427 at PND 19, but not thereafter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX as a behavioral teratogen: effects depend on dose, sex, age and task.

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine']

answer: @entity2254 :: (MESH:D003913,Chemical) :: ['d-Amphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Two new classification systems for the severity of @entity656 ( @entity656 ) have been proposed, the determinant-based classification (DBC) and a revision of the Atlanta classification (RAC). Our aim was to validate and compare these classification systems. METHODS: We analyzed data from adult @entity1 with @entity656 (543 episodes of @entity656 in 459 @entity1 ) who were admitted to Hospital General Universitario de Alicante from December 2007 to February 2013. Imaging results were reviewed, and the classification systems were validated and compared in terms of outcomes. RESULTS: @entity39 was present in 66 of the @entity1 (12%), @entity39 in 109 (20%), walled-off @entity39 in 61 (11%), acute peripancreatic fluid collections in 98 (18%), and @entity9007 in 19 (4%). Transient and persistent organ failures were present in 31 @entity1 (6%) and 21 @entity1 (4%), respectively. Sixteen @entity1 (3%) died. On the basis of the DBC, 386 (71%), 131 (24%), 23 (4%), and 3 (0.6%) @entity1 were determined to have mild, moderate, severe, or critical @entity656 , respectively. On the basis of the RAC, 363 @entity1 (67%), 160 @entity1 (30%), and 20 @entity1 (4%) were determined to have mild, moderately severe, or severe @entity656 , respectively. The different categories of severity for each classification system were associated with statistically significant and clinically relevant differences in length of hospital stay, need for admission to the intensive care unit, nutritional support, invasive treatment, and in-hospital mortality. In comparing similar categories between the classification systems, no significant differences were found. CONCLUSION: The DBC and the RAC accurately classify the severity of @entity656 in subgroups of @entity1 .

title: Validation of the determinant-based classification and revision of the Atlanta classification systems for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'peripancreatic necrosis', 'Pancreatic necrosis']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute pancreatitis']


abstract: Objective: To observe the pattern and mortality of @entity8972 ( @entity8972 ) in Balochistan. Design: Case series. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Sandeman Provincial Hospital and Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta, from September, 1995 to August, 2005. @entity1 and Methods: Two hundred and twenty-six febrile @entity1 with @entity548 of sudden onset, with initial signs and symptoms including @entity10 , high @entity615 , joint @entity158 , @entity158 , @entity391 , red eyes, flushed face, red throat and petechiae on the palate of both sexes were screened for @entity8972 over a period of 10 years. Clinical criteria for initial diagnosis directed the subsequent diagnostic work-up. Results: The ages of these @entity1 ranged from 7 years to 74 years. Sixty-three percent of these @entity1 were positive for @entity8972 . Males were 68% of the total @entity1 . Over the years, @entity8972 showed a gradual increase ranging from 43% to 80%. Total mortality was 15%, all being secondary cases. Death was not observed in primary @entity8972 cases. In this study, suspicion of @entity26495 was raised in 62% cases at the time of admission and the @entity1 were immediately isolated, noninvasive procedures were instigated and barrier nursing was implemented. None of the family and hospital staff members who had close contact with the @entity1 became ill, while those who were not suspected initially (38%) infected the health care workers and the family members. Conclusion: Although @entity8972 is rare, this study stresses the need for proper health facilities in Pakistan and to include @entity26495 ( @entity26495 ) in the differential diagnosis of unexplained fever with @entity548 tendencies of sudden onset.

title: XXXX in balochistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity8972 :: ('MESH:D006479', 'Disease') :: ['Congo-Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever', 'CCHF']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['fever, back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'stomach pain']

entities_list: @entity26495 :: ('MESH:D006482', 'Disease') :: ['viral hemorrhagic fever', 'VHF', 'viral hemorrhagic fevers']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity8972 :: (MESH:D006479,Disease) :: ['Congo crimean hemorrhagic Fever']


abstract: PURPOSE: Among the family of @entity1457 proteins (HSPs), @entity2285 and @entity2284 have been implicated in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance, probably via the prevention of apoptosis. @entity2284 levels are frequently increased in large populations of @entity5 of the head and neck, but the mechanism of its chemoresistance is not yet fully understood. In the present study, the role of @entity2284 in the resistance to cytotoxic stress was studied in Hep-2 @entity1 @entity5 cells. METHOD: We established a Hep-2 cell line overexpressing @entity2284 and examined whether the expression of @entity2284 provides resistance to @entity1457 and several cytotoxic agents using a @entity98 colorimetic assay. Cell cycle progression was assessed by flow cytometry and fluorescence staining was performed for F-actin filaments. RESULTS: @entity2284 overexpression induced cellular resistance to @entity1457 at 45 degrees C for 1 h as well as against several cytotoxic agents, including @entity900 , @entity47796 and @entity274 . However, no difference in sensitivity to irradiation or serum starvation was found. Moreover, @entity2284 overexpressing Hep-2 cells showed a delayed cell growth, compared to control cells. To determine if the decreased cell proliferation in @entity2284 overexpressing cells contributed to chemoresistance, control Hep-2 cells were synchronized at the late G1 phase by treatment with @entity25223 . The synchronized Hep-2 cells were resistant to @entity900 and @entity274 , but not to irradiation or serum starvation, correlating the protection effect shown in @entity2284 overexpressing cells. These results suggest that the overexpression of @entity2284 in Hep-2 cells confers chemoresistance which is associated with the delay in cell growth. We also propose that the stabilization of F-actin observed in Hep-2/ @entity2284 cells is partly related to the delay in cell cycle progression, by showing that the induction of actin polymerization in Hep-2/neo cells results in the retardation of cell growth as well as a cytoprotective effect as observed in Hep-2/ @entity2284 .

title: Overexpression of @entity1 27 kDa XXXX protein in @entity5 cells confers chemoresistance associated with cell growth delay.

entities_list: @entity47796 :: ('CHEBI:15738', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: PURPOSE: the aim of this study was to analyze outcomes in a series of @entity1 with symptomatic uterine fibroids who had undergone @entity1416 . METHODS: analysis included 36 @entity1 with uterine fibroids and average age of 38.5 years, with bilateral endovascular embolization of fibroid-feeding arteries. Solitary uterine fibroids were present in 20 (56%) @entity1 , and multiple in 16 (44%) @entity1 . The @entity1 were followed up to one year after embolization. RESULTS: in the subgroup of @entity1 with solitary uterine fibroids, 6 months after the embolization, the volume of uterine fibroids was reduced to 50% in 16 @entity1 , and to 38% in 4 @entity1 . After one year, the volume of uterine fibroids was reduced to 50% in all 36 @entity1 . In the subgroup of @entity1 with multiple uterine fibroids, 6 months after the embolization, the volume of uterine fibroids was reduced to 50% in 10 @entity1 , and to 36% in 6 @entity1 . After one year, the volume of uterine fibroids was reduced to 50% in 14 @entity1 , while in 2 @entity1 the reduction of the volume remained 36%. After one year, all @entity1 became symptomless. CONCLUSION: the results of this case series show high efficacy of endovascular embolization of uterine fibroids: with a minimally invasive treatment, the volume of uterine fibroids is halved and symptoms disappear, obviating the need for a surgical intervention.

title: XXXX of uterine fibroids.

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular arterial embolization']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['Arterial embolization']


abstract: PURPOSE: Stage at diagnosis is the most important prognostic indictor for oral and oropharyngeal @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ). Unfortunately, approximately 50% of these @entity5 are identified late (stage III or IV). We set out to examinationine the detection patterns of oral and oropharyngeal @entity1544 and to determine whether detection of these @entity5 by various health care providers was associated with a lower stage. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were gathered on 51 @entity1 with newly diagnosed oral or oropharyngeal SCC through @entity1 interview and chart audit. In addition to demographic data, specific inquiry was made regarding the circumstances surrounding the identification of the lesion. The main outcome measure was @entity5 stage grouping based on detection source. RESULTS: Health care providers detecting oral and oropharyngeal @entity1544 during non-symptom-driven (screening) examinations were dentists, hygienists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and, in 1 case, a denturist. All lesions detected by physicians occurred during a symptom-driven examination. Lesions detected during a non-symptom-driven examination were of a statistically significant lower average clinical and pathologic stage (1.7 and 1.6, respectively) than lesions detected during a symptom-directed examination (2.6 and 2.5, respectively). Additionally, a dental office is the most likely source of detection of a lesion during a screening examination (Fisher exact test, P =.0006). Overall, @entity1 referred from a dental office were of significantly lower stage than those referred from a medical office. Finally, @entity1 who initially saw a regional specialist (dentist, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, or otolaryngologist) with symptoms related to their lesion were more likely to have appropriate treatment initiated than those who initially sought care from their primary care provider. CONCLUSION: Overall, detection of oral and oropharyngeal @entity1544 during a non-symptom-driven examination is associated with a lower stage at diagnosis, and this is most likely to occur in a dental office. A regional specialist was more likely than a primary care provider to detect an oral or oropharyngeal SCC and initiate the appropriate treatment during the first visit for symptoms related to the lesion.

title: Is detection of oral and oropharyngeal squamous XXXX by a dental health care provider associated with a lower stage at diagnosis?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Analysing @entity1082 ) viral load is important in determining the risk of developing @entity5 ( @entity5 ); most knowledge to date regarding HPV viral load and @entity75 has been related to @entity1799 . This study evaluated the association between the viral load of the six most prevalent high-risk viral types in Colombia and @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) frequency. METHODS: 114 @entity1 without @entity3146 and 59 @entity1 having @entity3146 confirmed by colposcopy, all of them positive by conventional PCR for @entity1083 in the initial screening, were included in the study. Samples were tested for six high-risk HPV types to determine viral copy number by real-time PCR. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORa) were estimated for evaluating the association between each viral type's DNA load and the risk of @entity75 occurring. RESULTS: The highest viral loads were identified for HPV-33 in @entity3146 @entity1 and for HPV-31 in @entity1 without lesions (9.33 HPV copies, 2.95 interquartile range (IQR); 9.41 HPV copies, 2.58 IQR). Lesions were more frequent in @entity1799 @entity1 having a low viral load (3.53 ORa, 1.16-10.74 95%CI) compared to those having high @entity1799 load (2.62 ORa, 1.08-6.35 95%CI). High viral load in HPV-31 @entity1 was associated with lower @entity3146 frequency (0.34 ORa, 0.15-0.78 95%CI). CONCLUSIONS: An association between HPV DNA load and @entity3146 frequency was seen to be type-specific and may have depended on the duration of @entity281 . This analysis has provided information for understanding the effect of HPV DNA load on @entity75 development.

title: The DNA load of six high-risk XXXX types and its association with @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CC', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions', 'cervical lesion']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: 72 @entity1 with either unresectable or pelvic recurrence of @entity14 were treated with combined radiotherapy and @entity221 . Radiation doses were 50 Gy or more in @entity1 not previously treated with radiotherapy, and 32 Gy (8 x 4 Gy) in @entity1 who had previously received radiotherapy. @entity221 was administered within 30 min of irradiation, and the aim was to give four to six sessions once or twice a week, intending to reach temperatures of at least 41 degrees C over 30 min. The mean of all the minimum (TMIN), maximum (TMAX) and median (TMED) intratumoral temperatures were 39.6, 41.1 and 40.2 degrees C, respectively. @entity137 during @entity221 treatment consisted mainly of local @entity158 within the heated field (33%) and general discomfort (17%). In 17% of the @entity1 , the hyperthermic treatment was prematurely stopped. Palliation was achieved in 75% of @entity1 with a mean duration of 12 months. The percentage of palliated @entity1 was higher when higher radiation doses were administered. No correlation between palliative effect and thermal parameters was found. A computed tomography scan proved objective remission was obtained in 11 @entity1 (15%). Median survival was 11 months, and 17% of the @entity1 were alive at 3 years. The literature on combined radiotherapy and @entity221 in @entity14 is reviewed. From this review and our own data, it is concluded that thermoradiotherapy is feasible. Acute and late @entity137 are not major problems, although @entity158 and general discomfort hamper hyperthermic treatment. The most disappointing fact is that, with the available @entity221 equipment, the increase in intratumoral temperature does not reach, in general, the therapeutic range.

title: Radiotherapy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'locoregional hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Emphasizing the therapeutic and diagnostic implications of concomitant inadequate collaterals from the circle of Willis in a rare case of spontaneous acute bilateral internal carotid artery dissection (BICAD) following 5 days of isolated @entity16700 (pertussis like). CASE DESCRIPTION: A 45-year-old male has been referred to our department with rapid @entity16 consisting of @entity4653 and severe @entity1269 following 5 days of isolated @entity16700 . CTA demonstrated BICAD, a @entity438 and no bilateral posterior communicating artery. The @entity1 had no personal or familial risk factors. Infectious, traumatic, vascular and connective tissue diseases were ruled out. RESULTS: @entity16 persisted despite immediate provision of continuous 'full-heparinization' with concomitant rigorous control of blood pressure. Endovascular treatment consisting of bilateral stenting was undertaken. Ten days later, the @entity1 was discharged with mild @entity1269 and resuming normal activity after 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: BICAD with concomitant inadequate collaterals from the circle of Willis may predispose to hypoperfusion which might not respond to the usual conservative treatment prompting for flow reestablishment. Moreover, isolated @entity16700 can cause acute spontaneous BICAD even among @entity1 without any risk factors.

title: Therapeutic and diagnostic implication of inadequate circle of willis in a XXXX with acute spontaneous bilateral internal carotid artery dissection: case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis', 'left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration', 'Neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity16700 :: ('MESH:D003371', 'Disease') :: ['rigorous cough']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['tiny anterior communicating artery']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Initial reports with short-term followup of porous @entity11608 acetabular components and augments for @entity7195 demonstrate high hip scores, low rates of @entity1349 , and low rates of complications. However, longer-term followup with a larger cohort is needed to determine the durability of these reconstructions. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We therefore determined the functional scores, rates of @entity1349 , and complications in @entity1 with @entity7195 treated with porous @entity11608 acetabular components and augments. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 37 acetabular revisions in 36 @entity1 (one @entity1 with bilateral revisions) treated with a porous @entity11608 acetabular component and augment. All @entity1 had defects classified as Type IIIa using the system of Paprosky et al. Harris hip scores were obtained and radiographic examination was performed before surgery and through most recent followup. The minimum followup was 26 months (mean, 60 months; range, 26-106 months). RESULTS: One @entity1 developed @entity1349 of the acetabular reconstruction requiring revision; seven other @entity1 required further surgery for periprosthetic femoral fracture (two), @entity697 (three), and recurrent dislocation (two). Thirty-five of 37 hips had no or occasional @entity158 at final followup. Mean Harris hip scores improved from 33.0 preoperatively (range, 12.6-58.7) to 81.5 postoperatively (range, 27.0-99.8). CONCLUSIONS: Although the complication rate requiring further surgery was considerable, most @entity1 with these reconstructions had @entity158 relief and reasonable function with low rates of loosening at midterm followup. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: XXXX augments for Paprosky IIIA defects remain stable at midterm followup.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity7195 :: ('OMIM:142700', 'Disease') :: ['Paprosky IIIA acetabular defects']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity11608 :: (MESH:D013635,Chemical) :: ['Tantalum']


abstract: Neurodegenerative processes in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) are thought to be driven in part by the deposition of amyloid beta ( @entity477 ), a 39- to 43- @entity535 peptide product resulting from an alternative cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. Recent descriptions of in vitro @entity2359 effects of @entity477 support this hypothesis and suggest @entity137 might be mediated by @entity477 -induced neuronal @entity460 disregulation. In addition, it has been reported that "aging" @entity477 results in increased toxic potency due to peptide aggregation and formation of @entity477 -sheet secondary structure. In addition, @entity477 might also promote neuropathology indirectly by activating immune/inflammatory pathways in affected areas of the brain (e.g., cortex and hippocampus). Here we report that @entity477 can modulate cytokine secretion [ @entity35189 ( @entity650 and @entity687 )] from @entity1 @entity816 cells (U-373 MG). Freshly prepared and aged @entity477 modestly stimulated @entity650 and @entity687 secretion from U-373 MG cells. However, in the presence of @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), aged, but not fresh, @entity477 markedly potentiated (3- to 8-fold) cytokine release. In contrast, aged @entity477 did not potentiate @entity4757 ( @entity9766 )- or @entity112 (H1)-stimulated cytokine production. Further studies showed that @entity1356 -induced cytokine release was potentiated by @entity477 -(25-35), while @entity477 -(1-16) was inactive. @entity460 disregulation may be responsible for the effects of @entity477 on cytokine production, since the @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 similarly potentiated @entity1356 -induced cytokine secretion and EGTA treatment blocked either @entity477 or A23187 activity. Thus, chronic @entity179 in @entity195 -affected brain regions may be mediated in part by the ability of @entity477 to exacerbate inflammatory pathways in a conformation-dependent manner.

title: Amyloid beta peptide potentiates cytokine secretion by @entity1356 -activated XXXX @entity816 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium', 'calcium']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Pulmonary vasodilator therapy during increased right ventricular (RV) afterload and insufficient RV myocardial perfusion might further impair RV performance by lowering systemic and, thus, coronary perfusion pressure. This hypothesis was tested by initially inducing @entity120 (80% increase in resting pulmonary artery pressure by injection of autologous muscle) and subsequent right @entity3979 (40% decrease in flow by external cuff occlusion) in eight open-chest @entity235 . Then the effects of @entity1242 (5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), @entity5015 (0.2 microgram.kg-1.min-1), and @entity2514 (mean 0.14 mg/kg) on global and regional (ultrasonic dimension technique) RV performance and coronary hemodynamics (electromagnetic flow probes) were determined. Following all three drugs, right coronary artery flow decreased by 40-65% (mean values) accompanied by severe regional @entity296 suggestive of @entity63 (akinesis, systolic lengthening, and postsystolic shortening). Heart rates increased by 20-40%; aortic pressure decreased by 15-25%; and RV end-diastolic pressure remained unchanged. Despite similarly adverse effects on regional RV performance and comparable effects on heart rate, perfusion and filling pressures with all three drugs, RV systolic pressure, RV dP/dt, and pulmonary artery pressure during @entity1242 and @entity5015 remained unchanged, and @entity64 volume and pulmonary artery flow decreased, but they all increased or were maintained ( @entity64 volume) during @entity2514 . Gas exchange was not affected by any of the vasodilators. Thus, in this model of combined @entity120 and right @entity453 , @entity1242 , @entity5015 , and @entity2514 elicited severe regional dysfunction suggestive of @entity63 , probably related to concomitant increases in heart rate and decreases in coronary perfusion pressure. Despite such evidence of severe regional RV @entity63 , @entity2514 maintained global RV pump function. These results indicate 1) that in the presence of increased RV afterload and @entity301 , reduction in coronary perfusion pressure during pulmonary vasodilator therapy may be deleterious, and 2) that even severe regional @entity741 may not necessarily be accompanied by respective changes in global hemodynamics and thus may go undetected.

title: @entity741 during vasodilator therapy in a @entity235 model of XXXX and @entity301 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'acute pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery insufficiency']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: @entity35 cervical spinal cord was X-ray irradiated at doses of 15, 18, 20 and 26 Gy. Ninety days later, approximately the same part of the spinal cord was heated at 42.3 +/- 0.4 degrees C for 50, 60, 75 or 90 min by means of a 434 MHz microwave applicator. After treatment, animals were observed over a period of 18 months for expression of @entity16 . These complications could either be the result of the heat or of the radiation treatment. The time course showed three distinct peaks in the incidence of @entity16 . The first peak was due to the acute response to @entity221 . The ED50 value for @entity16 one day after treatment at 42.3 +/- 0.4 degrees C was 74 +/- 2 min. Previous X-ray irradiation of the spinal cord with 18, 20 and 26 Gy reduced the ED50 to 57 +/- 7, 65 +/- 4 and 55 +/- 5 min (12-26% of control), respectively. Recovery from heat-induced @entity16 was diminished in previously irradiated animals. The second peak (150-300 days after X-rays) concerned the expression of "early delayed" radiation damage. @entity221 given 90 days after irradiation did not influence either the percentage of animals with @entity912 or the latent period. @entity16 developing after day 300 were due to the "late delayed" radiation response. No significant difference was observed in the data on @entity912 induced by radiation alone or radiation followed by heat. The late radiation-induced @entity16 were, however, influenced by retreatment with heat.

title: Effects of @entity221 applied to previously irradiated cervical spinal cord in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological symptoms', 'neurological complications', 'neurological symptoms', 'minor neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: CASE: Paul is a 7-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity306 and @entity425 secondary to perinatal injury. He was adopted to the United States at 19 months from a baby home in Eastern Europe, where the caregiver to @entity1 ratio was 7:1. Paul spent most of his early developmental period in a crib. On adoption, he was nonverbal and nonambulatory, but these skills developed within 1 year. Paul was noted at 4 years of age to be struggling socially and also to exhibit restricted interests (e.g., memorizing maps and world leaders). He was referred for neuropsychological testing at age 5 and was found to have cognitive skills in the gifted range (verbal intelligence quotient, IQ =143; 99.8%) but exhibited markedly reduced social reciprocity with high levels of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, leading to a diagnosis of @entity72 ( @entity72 ) in the context of early institutionalization. Given his cooperative and attentive presentation, high IQ, and ability to imitate, Floortime, a more naturalistic behavioral therapy for @entity72 , was recommended rather than traditional applied behavior analysis, which is more commonly available in the region. In addition, Paul was provided with group speech and language therapy with a social/pragmatic focus. After 1 year, Paul's socialization improved but he struggled to initiate interactions and maintain friendships. He focused instead on his restricted interests and played alone. After 2 years of intervention, Paul presents as highly sociable with well-sustained eye gaze, interactive play, and successful friendships. Still, without direction and structure, Paul will happily draw maps for hours at a time. He is hyperlexic and working far above grade level across subjects. His mother now questions-is this still truly institutional @entity2438 or is he simply too intelligent to relate to same-age peers?

title: XXXX associated with early institutionalization, high intelligence, and naturalistic behavior therapy in a 7-year-old @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['left-side weakness']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['Autism']


abstract: Prenatal exposure to @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) alters rodent social interactions in a dose-dependent way: exposure to a high dose of @entity2052 (>500mg/kg) mid-gestation decreases social interactions whereas a moderate dose of @entity2052 (350mg/kg) increases peer-directed social behavior. The moderate dose also decreases expression of the mRNA for @entity563 in amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. In this study, we examined whether @entity12210 could ameliorate @entity2052 -induced alterations in ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), social interactions, and locomotor activity. Pregnant @entity35 were given intraperintoneal injections of @entity2052 (200mg/kg each) on gestational days 12, 12.5 and 13; controls were injected with saline. Offspring received a subcutaneous injection of saline or @entity12210 (32 or 64mg/kg) either acutely (1h prior to testing) or repeatedly (once per day for four days). Social interactions were assessed during late adolescence, and USVs were recorded concomitantly. Male and female @entity35 that were exposed to @entity2052 demonstrated more locomotor activity than control animals during habituation to the testing chamber. @entity2052 -exposed males showed increased play fighting. @entity12210 normalized the @entity2052 -induced increase in play fighting in males and also increased social motivation in females. When the pair contained a @entity2052 -exposed @entity35 , significantly fewer USVs were emitted and 16% of the vocalizations were of a novel waveform. These effects were not seen in pairs containing @entity2052 -exposed animals that were treated with @entity12210 . Overall, these findings are consistent with data from other laboratories suggesting that @entity12210 may be a promising pharmacotherapeutic compound for improving @entity146 .

title: @entity12210 ameliorates social alterations that result from prenatal exposure to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['social behavior disorders']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity12210 :: ('CHEBI:74159', 'Chemical') :: ['d-Cycloserine', 'd-cycloserine']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential roles of pathological variables in the prediction of nodal @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 who underwent surgery for endometrioid @entity1204 between 1995 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Those who underwent prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy and inadequate lymphadenectomy as well as those with nonendometrioid histology, @entity5 , International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IV disease, gross uterine serosal and/or gross adnexal involvement were excluded. @entity1600 was defined as occurring in the following circumstances: (i) when nodal @entity3 with pelvic and/or para-aortic (P/PA) lymph node dissection (LND) was performed or (ii) when there was recurrence in the P/PA lymph nodes after a negative LND or when LND was not performed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the pathological predictors of lymphatic dissemination. RESULTS: A total of 827 @entity1 with endometrioid @entity1204 were assessed; 516 (62.4%) of whom underwent P/PA LND and 205 (24.8%) underwent P LND. Sixty-seven (13%) @entity1 in the P/PA LND group and 5 (2.4%) in the P LND group had positive lymph nodes. Multivariate analysis confirmed cervical stromal invasion (OR 4.04, 95% CI 2.02-8.07 (P  <  0.001)) and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (OR 110.18, 95% CI 38.43-315.87 (P  <  0.001)) as independent predictors of lymphatic dissemination. CONCLUSION: Cervical stromal invasion and LVSI are highly associated with LN @entity3 . These markers may serve as a surrogate for nodal @entity3 .

title: Lymphovascular space invasion and cervical stromal invasion are independent risk factors for nodal XXXX in @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid endometrial cancer', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous cancers']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Lymph node dissemination']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of postoperative irradiation in @entity1358 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity1358 admitted to our hospital between 1986 and 1999 were evaluated. All @entity1 were initially treated with radical nephrectomy. Postoperative radiotherapy was given to 26 of 40 @entity1 (65%). Fourteen @entity1 (35%) received no adjuvant therapy. Median age was 55 years (range, 20-70 years). Twenty-four @entity1 (60%) were @entity1 and 16 @entity1 (40%) were @entity1 . Histopathological diagnosis was @entity1358 in all of the @entity1 . N+ disease was present in 3 @entity1 (7%). Stage I and II disease was present in 25 @entity1 (63%) and @entity5 in 15 @entity1 (37%). Two @entity1 (5%) had T1a disease, 11 @entity1 (27%) had T1b, 15 @entity1 (38%) had T2, 11 @entity1 (27%) had @entity5893 (3%) @entity1 had T3b. In the radiotherapy group, renal bed and regional lymphatic fields were irradiated with daily fractions of 180-200 cGy/fraction to a total dose of 46-50 Gy, using parallel opposing fields. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rates were 70% in the postoperative radiotherapy group and 20% in the no adjuvant treatment group, showing no significant difference (P = 0.1). The 5-year disease-free survival rates were 66% in the radiotherapy group and 16% in the no treatment group, with a significant difference in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P = 0.045 and P = 0.0007, respectively). Stage III and IV disease, @entity5 size 27 cm, presence of distant @entity3 and @entity880 dehydrogenase level > 450 U/L were found to be adverse prognostic factors for overall survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Analyzing the factors affecting disease-free survival, absence of postoperative radiotherapy and @entity5 size > or = 7 cm were found to be adverse prognostic factors in univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION: Multi-institutional prospective randomized trials using modern radiotherapy techniques such as conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy are necessary to evaluate the real role of radiotherapy and its effect on survival in @entity1358 , especially in selected @entity1 with a high risk of local or regional failure.

title: The value of postoperative radiotherapy in XXXX : a single-institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III and IV disease']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['localized renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to see if uterine @entity2909 would respond to @entity1986 , as had certain other @entity5 , and leave behind a uterus capable of @entity1 bearing. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preliminary research to determine laser power and energy requirements to coagulate @entity2909 was carried out on such @entity5 at the time of myomectomy or hysterectomy. The information gleaned permitted subsequent volunteer @entity1 to be treated by a minimally invasive route. @entity1986 was employed to treat 300 @entity1 , 293 of them with the KTP/YAG laser with a bare fibre laparoscopically or through the hysteroscope. The remaining seven were treated with the Diode laser, five of them being treated percutaneously with fibre splitter and four fibres. RESULTS: Symptomatic @entity1 (300) with 950 @entity1868 between them were treated. Follow-up has been between 6 months and 6 years. No significant complications occurred, and the procedure(s) were successful in 294 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: It is the treatment of choice for those @entity2909 that are difficult to remove because of their size or position. Fertility is enhanced, @entity2931 receptors and epidermal growth factor are destroyed, and healing occurs without @entity2318 .

title: New therapeutic technique for treatment of uterine @entity2909 using XXXX ( @entity1986 ) by a minimally invasive method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

answer: @entity1986 :: (MESH:D009395,Disease) :: ['laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The self-regulatory model proposes that an individual's cognitive representations of illness threat (illness representations) influence the selection and performance of strategies to cope with that illness (Leventhal, Meyer, _ Nerenz, 1980). Also implicit in the model is the proposal that such coping strategies influence illness outcomes. These relationships represent a mediational model (Baron _ Kenny, 1986). The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that coping strategies partially mediate the relationship between illness representations and illness outcome in @entity1 with @entity309 . DESIGN AND METHODS: The study is an observational cross-sectional design. Self-report measures of illness representations, coping strategies, and illness outcome were collected from 125 @entity1 with @entity309 attending rheumatology outpatient clinics. Clinical measures of disease activity and severity were obtained from hospital records. RESULTS: Avoidant and resigned coping were found to partially mediate the relationship between symptom identity and the illness outcome measures of disability and @entity146 morbidity. As in other studies, strong relationships were found between illness representations and illness outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The finding that avoidant and resigned coping partially mediated the relationships between the illness representation dimension of symptom identity and two of the illness outcome measures (disability and @entity146 morbidity) provided some support for the hypothesis. However, the hypothesis was not fully supported, as coping did not partially mediate the relationship between any of the other illness representations and illness outcomes.

title: The self-regulatory model in @entity1 with XXXX : relationships between illness representations, coping strategies, and illness outcome.

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity6 is a major factor for @entity65 . The toxic effects of chronic @entity4854 involve many alterations in the vascular tissue, including @entity731 . The pathogenesis of @entity731 in the @entity6 (DS-II) has not been fully elucidated. A better understanding of the progress of DS-II at the level of the aorta could help us to identify inhibitors of @entity731 . Studies have shown that @entity28 and @entity7493 ( @entity7493 ) are associated with the development of DS-II, however the lack of naturally occurring experimental models of DS-II have impaired to directly address these issues. We hypothesize that a @entity7493 induces DS-II. This study (15 months duration) is designed to determine if @entity7493 induces DS-II in the desert sand @entity35 (Psammomys obesus; P. obesus). We also evaluated the histopathology of the aorta in animals fed with a laboratory chow pellets ad libitum (hypercaloric) and in control (animals fed with the naturally occurring hypocaloric diet; halophile plants). The weight and blood chemistry ( @entity413 , lipids, and insulin levels) were evaluated periodically (once per week), and the histology of the aortas of these animals were assessed every 3 months for up to 12 months, during the development of DS-II. This study demonstrates that 40% of the animals in @entity7493 develop DS-II at 3 months. Histological characterization demonstrates the typical alterations observed in @entity731 , i.e., alteration of the elastic fibers of the media layer and enrichment in collagen and glucosaminoglycans. This study demonstrates that P. obesus is an excellent animal model to study the progression of DS-II and the development of @entity731 .

title: A XXXX induces type 2 @entity6 in the desert sand @entity35 (Psammomys obesus).

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['HCD', 'high calorie diet']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus type 2', 'diabetic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity7493 :: (MESH:D011502,Disease) :: ['high calorie diet']


abstract: 1. Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of compound 48/80 elicited the increases of water intake, plasma beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity, hypothalamic @entity57329 and Hct in the @entity35 . 2. The s.c. pretreatment of @entity1510 reduced the compound 48/80-induced water intake but had no effects on other variables. 3. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity1510 attenuated the compound 48/80- and i.c.v. injected @entity1808 ( @entity1808 )-induced water intake. 4. The hypothalamic @entity1063 metabolism was increased by s.c. injection of compound 48/80 but not by i.c.v. @entity1808 . 5. The present data suggest the possible involvement of opioid peptide (beta-endorphin) on the compound 48/80- and @entity1808 -induced thirst. However, it is uncertain whether hypothalamic @entity1063 is involved in the @entity3485 thirst mediated via stimulation of renin-angiotensin system.

title: Participation of opioid peptide (beta-endorphin) and @entity1063 in the control of compound 48/80-induced XXXX thirst in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity57329 :: ('MESH:C030284', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity3485 :: (MESH:D020896,Disease) :: ['hypovolemic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2594 Background:Systemic @entity1501 and @entity2186 supplementation is necessary for pemetrexed treatment, because severe @entity137 of pemetrexed treatment without @entity1501 supplementation were observed in @entity1 who had high levels of plasma @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) in early clinical trials. However, it was not examined whether the plasma @entity5784 levels would still associated with the hematological @entity137 of pemetrexed in @entity1 receiving @entity1501 supplementation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the pretreatment plasma @entity5784 levels after @entity1501 supplementation and the hematological @entity137 of pemetrexed monotherapy in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: From June 2009 to September 2010, 52 @entity1149 @entity1 received pemetrexed monotherapy (500mg/m(2), every 3 weeks) and also received oral @entity1501 (0.5mg) daily and a @entity2186 injection (1.0mg) every 9 weeks, beginning 1 to 2 weeks before the first dose and continuing until 3 weeks after the last dose of the study treatment. The plasma @entity5784 levels before the first dose of pemetrexed were measured. Complete blood cell counts were measured at least once a week during first cycle of pemetrexed monotherapy. The relationship between the plasma @entity5784 levels and hematological @entity137 during the first cycle of pemetrexed monotherapy were evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity1 characteristics were as follows: male/female: 22/30; median age: 65 years (39-79); histology, adeno/large: 51/1; PS, 0/1/2/3: 25/24/2/1. The mean pretreatment plasma @entity5784 was 9.01 mol/ml (3.8-34.6 mol/ml). The pretreatment plasma @entity5784 significantly correlated with the nadir of the absolute leukocyte counts (r=-0.315 p=0.023) and the nadir of the absolute thrombocyte counts (r=-0.302 p=0.032). In addition, the pretreatment plasma @entity5784 significantly correlated with the decline rates of leukocytes (r=+0.351 p=0.012), hemoglobin (r=+0.414 p=0.002) and thrombocytes (r=+0.417 p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The Plasma @entity5784 levels are thus considered to be associated with the hematological @entity137 of pemetrexed monotherapy even with @entity1501 supplementation.

title: An evaluation of plasma XXXX levels and the hematological @entity137 of pemetrexed even with @entity1501 supplementation.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: @entity9 is a common phenomenon resulting from @entity1897 . The means by which @entity6 results in @entity128 is unclear but the effect is to cause injury at all levels of the nervous system from the level of the peripheral nerves to the brain. @entity128 causes @entity158 through a cascade of mechanisms resulting in altered processing of sensory input into the nervous system. This alteration occurs through chemical and anatomical changes in the nervous system that are similar to some of the processes seen in @entity6220 following acute @entity158 . Following @entity128 , @entity9 occurs not only when these mechanisms are activated but also when sensitisation is maintained. Other processes occurring in @entity9 appear to be a loss of normal inhibitory controls as seen by a reduction in local @entity1246 -ergic and descending monoaminergic influences. There are also important changes mediated via glial cells that can maintain @entity9 . @entity6 affects all areas of the nervous system and the contribution of higher levels of the nervous system is often overlooked. Neurophysiological and MRI evidence strongly suggest that these may contribute to the @entity158 of @entity3949 . @entity458 in @entity6 @entity1 is an important factor in increasing the suffering associated with all aspects of the disease, but treatment and control of @entity158 can greatly improve the quality of life.

title: @entity9 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central sensitisation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['Nerve injury', 'nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Psychological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the central or peripheral nervous system']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background Controversies exist whether disturbances in @entity79 ( @entity79 ) normalise or persist after kidney transplantation. We assessed markers of @entity79 in @entity1 with well-functioning kidney transplants to minimize confounding by reduced transplant function. Methods In this cross-sectional study, forty @entity1 aged >= 18 years who received a first kidney transplant more than ten years ago were included. A well-functioning transplant was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >= 45 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Results Median time since transplantation was 18.3 years (IQR 12.2-26.2). Albumin corrected serum calcium levels were above upper limit of normal in 15% of the transplanted patients, and serum phosphate levels below lower limit of normal in 31%. The median levels of iPTH and iFGF23 were significantly higher than in a group of healthy volunteers (11.3 pmol/l (IQR: 8.7-16.2) vs. 4.4 pmol/l (IQR: 3.8-5.9), p<0.001 and 75.0 pg/ml (IQR: 53.3-108.0) vs. 51.3 pg/ml (IQR: 36.3-67.6), p=0.004 respectively). There was a non-significant reduction in soluble @entity15461 (sKlotho) levels (605 pg/ml (IQR: 506-784) vs. 692 pg/ml (IQR: 618-866). When compared with a control group matched for eGFR, levels of iPTH were significantly higher (p<0.001), iFGF23 had a non-significant trend towards higher levels and sKlotho towards lower levels. Conclusions In long-term kidney transplant @entity1 with well-functioning kidney transplants, we found inappropriately high levels of iPTH and iFGF23 consistent with a state of persistent @entity2742 . We speculate that the primary defect, @entity11648 resistance, has evolved in the parathyroid gland before transplantation, and persists due to long half-life of the parathyroid cells.

title: Soluble @entity15461 and intact XXXX in long-term kidney transplant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['MBD', 'mineral and bone disorder']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity11648 :: (8074,Gene) :: ['Fibroblast Growth Factor 23']


abstract: PURPOSE: The relationship between oncologic hospital academic status and the value of care for stage II and III @entity694 is unknown. METHODS: Retrospective SEER-Medicare analysis of @entity1 age >=  66 years with @entity5 and seen by medical oncology. Eligible @entity1 were diagnosed 2000 to 2009 and followed through December 31, 2010. Hospitals reporting a major medical school affiliation in the NCI Hospital File were classified as academic medical centers. The association between hospital academic status and survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. The association with mean cost of care was estimated using generalized linear models with log link and gamma family and with cost of care at various quantiles using quantile regression models. RESULTS: Of 24,563 eligible @entity1 , 5,707 (23%) received care from academic hospitals. There were no significant differences in unadjusted disease-specific median survival or adjusted risk of @entity694 death by hospital academic status (stage II hazard ratio = 1.12; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.28; P = .103; stage III hazard ratio = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.08; P = .763). Excepting @entity1 at the upper limits of the cost distribution, there was no significant difference in adjusted cost by hospital academic status. CONCLUSION: We found no survival differences for elderly @entity1 with @entity5 , treated by a medical oncologist, between academic and nonacademic hospitals. Furthermore, cost of care was similar across virtually the full range of the cost distribution.

title: Hospital academic status and value of care for nonmetastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II or III colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Homeostatic control of pyramidal neuron firing rate involves a functional balance of feedforward excitation and feedback inhibition in neocortical circuits. Here, we reveal a dynamic scaling in vesicular excitatory (vesicular @entity2227 transporters @entity3862 and @entity3863 ) and inhibitory (vesicular inhibitory @entity535 transporter @entity3864 ) transporter mRNA and synaptic protein expression in @entity35 neocortical @entity528 , using a well established in vitro protocol to induce homeostatic plasticity. During the second and third week of synaptic differentiation, the predominant vesicular transporters expressed in neocortical neurons, @entity3862 and @entity3864 , are both dramatically upregulated. In mature cultures, @entity3862 and @entity3864 exhibit bidirectional and opposite regulation by prolonged activity changes. Endogenous coregulation during development and homeostatic scaling of the expression of the transporters in functionally differentiated cultures may serve to control vesicular @entity2227 and @entity1246 filling and adjust functional presynaptic excitatory/inhibitory balance. Unexpectedly, hyperexcitation in differentiated cultures triggers a striking increase in @entity3863 mRNA and synaptic protein, whereas decreased excitation reduces levels. @entity3863 mRNA and protein are expressed in subsets of @entity3862 -encoded neocortical neurons that we identify in primary cultures and in neocortex in situ and in vivo. After prolonged hyperexcitation, downregulation of @entity3862 / @entity20099 intensity ratios at most synapses is observed, whereas a subset of @entity3862 -containing boutons selectively increase the expression of @entity3863 . Bidirectional and opposite regulation of @entity3862 and @entity3863 by activity may serve as positive or negative feedback regulators for cortical synaptic transmission. Intracortical @entity3862 / @entity3863 coexpressing neurons have the capacity to independently modulate the level of expression of either transporter at discrete synapses and therefore may serve as a plastic interface between subcortical thalamic input ( @entity3863 ) and cortical output ( @entity3862 ) neurons.

title: Homeostatic scaling of vesicular XXXX and @entity1246 transporter expression in @entity35 neocortical circuits.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal cultures']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and @entity137 of a combination regimen of @entity2600 and @entity1138 as second-line chemotherapy for pretreated @entity1 with advanced, metastatic, or both, @entity356 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with pretreated @entity3 or early relapsed after adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. Entry criteria included histologic/cytologic diagnosis of @entity356 , age 18 to 75 years, performance status > or =70 (Karnofsky scale), bi-dimensionally measurable disease. @entity1 received @entity2600 and @entity1138 at the dosage of 150 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15, and 8 mg/m2 on day 1, respectively, every 4 weeks. The disease evaluation was done every 3 cycles. RESULTS: Among the 38 @entity1 we observed, 1 (3%) complete response and 11 (29%) partial responses for an overall response rate of 32% according to an intent-to-treat analysis. The median duration of response was 6.5 months. The median time to progression was 4 months with a median overall survival 8 months. All @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and the only grade 3-4 observed @entity137 were @entity1431 (8%), @entity1398 (21%), and @entity417 (5%). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity2600 and @entity1138 is an active and well tolerated second-line treatment in pretreated @entity356 @entity1 . Further studies are needed to test its role in first-line treatment.

title: @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) and XXXX (MMC) as second-line therapy in advanced @entity356 : a phase II study of the Gruppo Oncologico dell' Italia Meridionale (prot. 2106).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-c']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin-C']


abstract: The actions of endothelin on the contractile and twitch configuration characteristics of @entity35 and @entity95 papillary muscles were evaluated before and after endocardial endothelium removal. In @entity95 papillary muscles, endothelin produced a dose-dependent (10(-11) to 10(-7) M) increase in tension (T) (from 2.7 +/- 0.2 to 8.9 +/- 0.7 g/mm2, p less than 0.01), dT/dt, and Vmax (from 1.14 +/- 0.03 to 3.0 +/- 0.13 Lmax/sec, p less than 0.01), a decrease in time to peak tension (from 251 +/- 9 to 216 +/- 7 msec, p less than 0.05), and an increase in time to half relaxation (from 168 +/- 9 to 293 +/- 14 msec, p less than 0.01). Increasing @entity460 concentration in the bath from 1.25 to 15 mM greatly attenuated these changes. In the presence of @entity1169 (10(-5) M), endothelin increased all indexes of contractility but to a lesser extent (T = 2.6 +/- 0.3 to 6.5 +/- 0.2 g/mm2, p less than 0.01; Vmax = 1.16 +/- 0.10 to 2.06 +/- 0.10 Lmax/sec, p less than 0.01). Myocardial @entity2922 depletion with @entity2515 had effects similar to those of @entity1169 . The myocardial contractile and twitch configuration characteristics of endothelin were similar to those of @entity2647 (10(-4) M), a strong stimulator of the @entity4357 pathway and a moderate beta-adrenergic stimulator. The effects of @entity2647 and endothelin were modified in a similar manner by @entity1169 (10(-5) M). The presence of @entity3360 (3 X 10(-7) M) decreased the absolute increase in contractility caused by endothelin but did not alter the percent change or shift the dose-response curve of endothelin. The actions of endothelin in @entity35 papillary muscles studied at physiological @entity460 concentrations ( @entity141 = 1.25 mM) were less marked than those of @entity95 studied at physiological @entity460 ( @entity141 = 1.25 mM) but similar to those of @entity95 studied at high @entity460 concentrations ( @entity141 = 15 mM). Removing the endocardial endothelial layer of @entity95 papillary muscles did not alter the absolute changes in contractility caused by endothelin but shifted the dose-response curve to the left and markedly altered the effects of endothelin on twitch configuration characteristics. Thus, it would appear that endothelin increases contractility and modifies twitch configuration. It does so more at lower rather than higher extracellular @entity460 concentrations and in a species, such as @entity95 , that responds more to interventions that increase intracellular @entity460 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Myocardial contractile actions of endothelin-1 in @entity35 and XXXX papillary muscles. Role of endocardial endothelium.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the efficacy and safety of an initiation algorithm for 4 mg of @entity1229 in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity955 . DESIGN: Prospectively planned retrospective chart review. SETTING: Centre for Family Medicine Family Health Team in Kitchener, Ont. @entity1 : Ambulatory patients requiring anticoagulation for @entity955 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were prescribed 4 mg of @entity1229 to be taken once daily for 3 days. An international normalized ratio (INR) measured on the morning of the fourth day was used to predict the maintenance dose of @entity1229 . Subsequent INR measurements were obtained biweekly until @entity1 reached their actual maintenance dose. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of INR values greater than or equal to 4.0 before the @entity1229 maintenance dose was achieved. Secondary outcome measures included @entity1031 and bleeding events, number of days required to reach therapeutic INR, and correlation between predicted and actual @entity1229 maintenance dose. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were included in the study. The average age was 76.0 years (range 56.0 to 89.0), and 17 @entity1 were @entity1 . The average CHADS2 ( @entity712 , @entity101 , age >=  75 years, @entity6 , and @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack) score was 2.0.Only 1 @entity1 had an INR greater than 4.0 during the study period. The mean time to achieve a therapeutic INR was 11.0 days. The day 4 INR was moderately predictive of the maintenance dose (r2 = 0.47). There were no adverse events that required medical attention during the study period. CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, an initiation algorithm for 4 mg of @entity1229 was safe and achieved a therapeutic INR within a reasonable time frame in outpatients with @entity955 .

title: Evaluation of an initiation protocol of 4 mg of XXXX for @entity955 in the outpatient setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the admission and active observation of @entity1 where the diagnosis of @entity697 is uncertain is a safe and effective way to improve the diagnostic accuracy of @entity698 and safely reduce the incidence of @entity549 without increasing complications. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 who presented with a complaint of right lower @entity158 and were hospitalized with a diagnosis of @entity698 or suspected @entity698 from 1 January to 31 December 2007. RESULTS: A total of 569 @entity1 were included in the study. The mean age was 9.5 +/- 3.2 (range 1.1-17) years. The number of @entity1 directly operated on with a diagnosis of @entity698 was 186 (32%) from the total of 575 while 389 @entity1 (68%) were observed in the surgical ward as the examination and/or investigation findings were equivocal. Of the 383 @entity1 admitted for observation, 173 (45%) were operated on with a suspicion of @entity698 after 14.4 +/- 6.7 h while 210 (55%) were discharged after 1.1 +/- 1.2 days as there seemed to have no surgical problem. Our total negative appendectomy rate was 4% (14/350) and total perforation rate was 37.4% (131/350). The @entity1 operated on directly and those operated on after observation were similar, and there was no difference for the preoperative duration of symptom, histopathological diagnosis, @entity260 rate, postoperative inpatient days and hospital charges. Total hospitalization duration was significantly longer and the hospital charges significantly higher in the negative appendectomy group. CONCLUSION: Both the features and results and the complication rates and costs of the group operated on after observation were the same as the directly operated on group. However, @entity1 undergoing a negative appendectomy stayed as inpatients longer than only observation @entity1 with higher treatment charges. We could therefore decrease the negative appendectomy rate, the associated cost and duration of hospitalization without causing extra complications if we observe and investigate @entity1 with right lower @entity158 with a doubtful diagnosis and did not operate on them directly.

title: Do not rush into operating and just observe actively if you are not sure about the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['negative laparotomies']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical deterioration in @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1779 has rarely been studied. It has been previously thought that intracranial @entity1410 bleed in a monophasic fashion. Recent studies have demonstrated continuous active @entity548 within hours after the event, resulting in enlargement of the @entity1410 . However, acute @entity2459 suggesting a rebleed is rarely reported. SUMMARY OF REPORTS: An 84-year-old @entity1 was admitted with a moderate-size @entity548 in the putamen and was treated for @entity101 during the first day of admission. He acutely demonstrated extensor posturing and light-fixed pupils. Repeat CT scan showed massive enlargement of the intracranial @entity1410 and extension into the ventricles causing acute @entity1276 . A 72-year-old @entity1 was admitted with a mid-size @entity548 in the putamen. @entity697 with loss of all brain stem reflexes except for @entity267 reflexes was associated with a large increase in volume of the @entity1410 , 7 hours after the initial @entity548 . An 85-year-old @entity1 was admitted with a small @entity548 in the putamen and recovered to be able to walk unassisted. She suddenly died from a recurrent massive @entity6658 2 weeks after the ictus. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1779 in the putamen may die acutely from fatal catastrophic enlargement of the initial @entity1410 hours to days after the ictus. In some @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1779 and clinical deterioration, rebleeding may be a possible mechanism.

title: Acute fatal deterioration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute deterioration']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity6658 :: ('MESH:D020146', 'Disease') :: ['putaminal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden and fatal deterioration']

answer: @entity6658 :: (MESH:D020146,Disease) :: ['putaminal hemorrhage']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the levels of free plasminogen activator activity in @entity1 @entity7462 and to identify the type of activity (i.e., tissue-type @entity3479 or urokinase-type @entity2290 ) that is responsible. METHODS: Aqueous humor was obtained by a simplified pipette paracentesis before @entity231 surgery in 31 subjects, ages 57 to 93 years. Levels of plasminogen activator activity were determined using a modified 17-hour specific amidolytic assay. The type of plasminogen activator was investigated in selected samples based on its dependence on soluble fibrin, inhibition by @entity6478 , and specific antibody blocking. Activity-antigen ratios were compared in seven samples. RESULTS: Plasminogen activator (PA) activity was present in all samples tested. PA activity ranged widely between 0.54 and 26.7 mIU/ml, with a mean value of 10.8 +/- 8.1 mIU/ml. Soluble fibrin, a known stimulator of @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ), was required in the assay system. Its absence decreased the measured activity by more than 90%. @entity6478 , a known inhibitor of urokinase-type PA, had little or no effect in selected samples tested. The activity was blocked by anti-human @entity3479 antibodies but not by antibodies against @entity1 @entity2290 , further defining the type of PA responsible for the detected activity. @entity3479 antigen levels showed less variation among individuals than did activity levels. Antigen-activity ratios ranged between 89 and 552. CONCLUSION: Plasminogen activator activity is present in the @entity1 @entity7462 in measurable quantities. The type of PA activity present is almost exclusively @entity3479 . @entity3479 activity varies more widely than antigen, as is the case in plasma.

title: Tissue plasminogen activator activity in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiloride', 'amiloride']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

answer: @entity7462 :: (MESH:C562390,Disease) :: ['aqueous humor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the National Perinatal @entity308 Initiative on access to Medicare services for @entity1 at risk of perinatal @entity1032 . METHOD: Retrospective cohort study using difference-in-difference analytical methods to quantify the impact of the National Perinatal @entity308 Initiative policies on Medicare Benefits Schedule mental health usage by Australian @entity1 giving birth between 2006 and 2010. A random sample of @entity1 of reproductive age enrolled in Medicare who had not given birth where used as controls. The main outcome measures were the proportions of @entity1 giving birth each month who accessed a Medicare Benefits Schedule mental health items during the perinatal period (pregnancy through to the end of the first postnatal year) before and after the introduction of the National Perinatal @entity308 Initiative. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 giving birth who accessed at least one mental health item during the perinatal period increased from 88 to 141 per 1000 between 2007 and 2010. The difference-in-difference analysis showed that while there was an overall increase in Medicare Benefits Schedule mental health item access as a result of the National Perinatal @entity308 Initiative, this did not reach statistical significance. However, the National Perinatal @entity308 Initiative was found to significantly increase access in subpopulations of @entity1 , particularly those aged under 25 and over 34 years living in major cities. CONCLUSION: In the 2 years following its introduction, the National Perinatal @entity308 Initiative was found to have increased access to Medicare funded mental health services in particular groups of @entity1 . However, an overall increase across all groups did not reach statistical significance. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of the National Perinatal @entity308 Initiative on @entity1 during childbearing years, including access to tertiary care, the cost-effectiveness of the initiative, and mental health outcomes. It is recommended that new mental health policy initiatives incorporate a planned strategic approach to evaluation, which includes sufficient follow-up to assess the impact of public health strategies.

title: The National Perinatal XXXX Initiative: An evaluation of access to general practitioners, psychologists and psychiatrists through the Medicare Benefits Schedule.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that maturation of @entity404 -8- double negative (DN) thymocytes to the @entity404 +8+ @entity14485 ( @entity14485 ) stage is dependent on expression of the T cell receptor (TCR)-beta polypeptide. The exact mechanism by which the TCR-beta chain regulates this maturation step remains unknown. Previous experiments had suggested that in the presence of some TCR+ thymocytes, additional DN thymocytes not expressing a TCR-beta chain may be recruited to mature to the @entity14485 stage. The recent demonstration of an immature TCR-beta-CD3 complex on early thymocytes lead to the alternative hypothesis that signal transduction through an immature TCR-CD3 complex may induce maturation to the @entity14485 stage. In the latter case, maturation to the @entity14485 stage would depend on the expression of TCR-beta-CD3 in the same cell. We examined these two hypotheses by studying the expression of the intra- and extracellular @entity12710 , @entity12711 , and TCR-beta polypeptides in intrathymic subpopulations during embryogenesis. @entity12710 and @entity12711 were expressed intracellularly 2 and 1 d, respectively, before intracellular expression of the TCR-beta chain, potentially allowing immediate surface expression of an immature TCR-beta-CD3 complex as soon as functional rearrangement of a TCR-beta gene locus has been accomplished. @entity460 mobilization could be induced by stimulation with anti- @entity12710 mAb as soon as intracellular TCR-beta was detectable, suggesting that a functional TCR-beta-CD3 complex is indeed expressed on the surface of early thymocytes. From day 17 on, most cells were in the @entity14485 stage, and over 95% of the @entity14485 cells expressed on the TCR-beta chain intracellularly. At day 19 of gestation, extremely low concentrations of TCR-beta chain and @entity12710 were detectable on the cell surface of nearly all thymocytes previously thought to be TCR-CD3 negative. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that maturation to the @entity14485 stage depends on surface expression of and subsequent signal transduction through an immature TCR-beta-CD3 complex and suggest that maturation to the @entity14485 stage by recruitment, if it occurs at all, is of minor relevance.

title: Regulation of thymocyte development through CD3. II. Expression of T cell receptor beta @entity12710 and maturation to the XXXX +8+ stage are highly correlated in individual thymocytes.

entities_list: @entity14485 :: ('MESH:D005671', 'Disease') :: ['double positive', 'DP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytokines are a group of secreted small proteins that mediate a diverse range of immune and non-immune responses toward inflammatory and microbial stimuli. Only a few of these cytokines mount antiviral response, and include Type-I, -II, and -III interferons ( @entity3027 ). During @entity1800 and inflammatory conditions, a number of cytokines and chemokines are co-produced with @entity3027 ; however, no systemic study exists on the interactions of the cytokine repertoire with @entity3027 response. Here, we performed the largest cytokine and chemokine screen (the @entity1 cytokinome >240 members) to investigate their modulation of Type-I and Type-II @entity3027 responses in a cell line model. We evaluated the cytokine activities in both @entity3027 -stimulated response element (ISRE) and @entity3027 -y activation sequence (GAS) reporter systems. Several cytokine clusters, that augment either or both ISRE- and GAS-mediated responses towards IFNs, were derived from the screen. We identified novel modulators of @entity3027 response- @entity30060 (BTC), @entity4382 , and @entity4654 - which caused time-dependent induction of @entity3027 response. The ability of inducing endogenous @entity2391 and @entity3027 -stimulated genes varies among these cytokines, and was largely dependent on @entity6897 as assessed by @entity6897 mutant fibroblasts. Certain cytokines appear to augment @entity2391 response through NF-kB pathway. The novel @entity3027 -like cytokines augmented the antiviral activity of @entity3027 -a against several RNA viruses, including @entity9258 , @entity8310 virus, and @entity683 virus in susceptible cell lines. Overall, the study reports a large-scale analysis of cytokines for enhancing the @entity3027 response, and identified cytokines capable of enhancing @entity6897 , @entity3027 -induced gene expression, and antiviral activities. IMPORTANCE: Innate immunity to viruses is an early defense system to ward off viruses. One mediator is interferon ( @entity3027 ) which activates a cascade of biochemical events that aim to control the virus life cycle. In our work, we examined more than 200 cytokines, soluble mediators produced within the body as a result of @entity281 , for their ability to enhance @entity3027 action. We identified enhanced interactions with specific members of IFNs and cytokines. We also revealed that @entity30060 , @entity4155 , and @entity4382 cytokines, have the novel property in enhancing the antiviral action of @entity3027 against several viruses. These results demonstrate that the @entity1 genome code for previously unknown proteins of unrelated functions that can augment the innate immunity to viruses. Knowing these interactions, not only help our understanding of immunity to viruses and emerging diseases but can also lead to devising possible new therapeutics by enhancing the mediator of antiviral action itself, @entity3027 .

title: A XXXX cytokinome analysis for interferon response.

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity9258 :: ('12104', 'Species') :: ['encephalomyocarditis virus']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Autonomic neural activation during cardiac stress testing is an established risk-stratification tool in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 . However, autonomic activation can also modulate myocardial electrotonic coupling, a known factor to contribute to the genesis of @entity943 . The present study tested the hypothesis that exercise-induced autonomic neural activation modulates electrotonic coupling (as measured by myocardial electrical impedance, MEI) in post- @entity583 animals shown to be susceptible or resistant to @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). METHODS: @entity235 (n = 25) with healed @entity583 instrumented for MEI measurements were trained to run on a treadmill and classified based on their susceptibility to @entity2224 (12 susceptible, 9 resistant). MEI and ECGs were recorded during 6-stage exercise tests (18 min/test; peak: 6.4 km/h @ 16%) performed under control conditions, and following complete b-adrenoceptor (b-AR) blockade ( @entity1169 ); @entity17849 was also measured at rest during escalating b-AR stimulation ( @entity3044 ) or overdrive-pacing. RESULTS: Exercise progressively increased heart rate (HR) and reduced heart rate variability (HRV). In parallel, MEI decreased gradually (enhanced electrotonic coupling) with exercise; at peak exercise, MEI was reduced by 5.3    0.4% (or -23    1.8  , P < 0.001). Notably, exercise-mediated electrotonic changes were linearly predicted by the degree of autonomic activation, as indicated by changes in either HR or in HRV (P < 0.001). Indeed, b-AR blockade attenuated the MEI response to exercise while direct b-AR stimulation (at rest) triggered MEI decreases comparable to those observed during exercise; ventricular pacing had no significant effects on MEI. Finally, animals prone to @entity2224 had a significantly larger MEI response to exercise. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that b-AR activation during exercise can acutely enhance electrotonic coupling in the myocardium, particularly in @entity235 susceptible to @entity63 -induced @entity2224 .

title: Myocardial electrotonic response to submaximal exercise in XXXX with healed @entity583 : evidence for b-adrenoceptor mediated enhanced coupling during exercise testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'post-myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Individuals with persisting @entity158 often present a constellation of symptoms that includes @entity158 , health-related @entity1316 . It is now widely accepted that comprehensive assessment must address each of these dimensions. Despite recognition of the value of multidimensional assessment, no empirical efforts have validated the construct of a multidimensional clinical outcome presentation based on the dimensions of @entity158 , @entity1316 . We employed cluster analytic procedures on standard measures of @entity158 , @entity308 in @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) @entity1 (n = 96) attending a general orthopedic clinic in order to empirically characterize multidimensional clinical outcomes. Results indicated that 3 groups could be identified reliably: (1) ' @entity1118 ' (n = 25; high levels of @entity158 , @entity308 ), (2) 'Positive Adaptation to @entity158 ' (n = 24; high levels of @entity158 with low levels of @entity308 ) and (3) 'Good @entity158 Control' (n = 47; low levels of @entity158 , @entity308 ). The reliability of this cluster solution was supported by several tests of internal consistency. Discriminability of the clusters was examined across both the outcome measures themselves and several additional independent variables. The cluster solution was then cross-validated in an independent sample of @entity158 clinic @entity1643 @entity1 (n = 180) to test its generalizability. Finally the stability of the cluster dimensions over time was tested by re-assessing 36 @entity1643 @entity1 6 months after they initially were characterized into 1 of the 3 outcome groups on the same measures. MANOVA results indicated that the outcome groups were differentiated statistically across assessments. The multiple outcome measures did not change significantly across time, nor did the outcome groups change differentially across time on these measures. We conclude that the outcome dimensions of @entity158 , @entity308 are relatively stable phenomena that differentially describe @entity1643 @entity1 .

title: An empirical evaluation of multidimensional clinical outcome in @entity1643 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'CLBP']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['impairment and depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['impairment and dysphoric mood']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Pain Syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disability progression in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) remains incompletely understood. Unlike lesional measures, central nervous system @entity194 has a strong correlation with disability. Theiler's @entity19 @entity1651 virus infection in SJL/J @entity19 is an established model of progressive @entity15 . We utilized in vivo MRI to quantify brain and @entity602 in this model and analyzed the temporal relationship between @entity194 and disability. METHODS: Infected and control @entity19 were followed for 12 months. Disability was assessed periodically using rotarod assay. Volumetric MRI datasets were acquired at 7 Tesla. Ventricular volume and C4-5 spinal cord cross-sectional area measurements were performed using Analyze 10. RESULTS: At 3 months, @entity1010 reached statistical significance (P = .005). In contrast, disability did not differ until 4 months post-infection (P = .0005). @entity194 reached significance by 9 months (P = 0.009). By 12 months, @entity1010 resulted in 111.8% increased ventricular volume (P = .00003), while spinal cord cross-sectional area was 25.6% reduced (P = .001) among cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that significant @entity1010 precedes and predicts the development of disability, while @entity602 occurs late and correlates with severe disability. The observed temporal relationship establishes a framework for mechanisms of disability progression and enables further investigations of their underlying substrate.

title: Correlation of XXXX , Disability, and @entity602 in a @entity19 Model of @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'Cord atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1010 :: (MESH:C566985,Disease) :: ['Brain Atrophy']


abstract: AIMS: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of many @entity5 , including @entity2 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between @entity5 expression in @entity2220 (ADC) and clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using an RP215 monoclonal antibody to determine @entity5 expression in 140 lung ADC @entity1 . Cell migration and invasion were analysed in A549 cell line after short interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of IgG and cell sorting by flow cytometry. Our results show that RP215 immunostaining score  is correlated significantly with local invasion (P  <  0.05) and @entity5 differentiation (P  <  0.05) in ADC. Moreover, RP215 staining was significantly higher in @entity5 than in primary @entity5 (P  <  0.0001). The knockdown of IgG resulted in a reduction of cell migration and invasion. In contrast, RP215-positive cells displayed greater migration and invasion ability than RP215-negative cells. Additionally, a higher RP215 immunostaining score was associated significantly with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: RP215 staining is correlated strongly with differentiation, local invasion, @entity3 and clinical outcome of @entity1 with lung ADC. Our results suggest that RP215 can serve as a biomarker for prognosis of lung ADC.

title: Binding of the monoclonal antibody RP215 to immunoglobulin G in metastatic XXXX is correlated with poor prognosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-IgG', 'cancers', 'metastatic tumours', 'tumours', 'Cancer cell-derived immunoglobulin (Ig)G', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Splenic irradiation (SI) is a palliative treatment option for symptomatic @entity381 (i.e. for @entity158 , early satiety, @entity3043 from sequestration) secondary to @entity1583 and disorders. The purpose of the current article is to review the literature on SI for @entity1583 and disorders, including: (1) @entity1 selection and optimal technique; (2) efficacy of SI; and (3) @entity137 of SI. PICOS/PRISMA methods are used to select 27 articles including 766 courses of SI for 486 @entity1 from 1960 to 2016. The most common @entity5 treated included @entity1072 and @entity6961 ; the most common regimen was 10Gy in 1Gy fractions over two weeks, and 27% of @entity1 received retreatment. A partial or complete response (for symptoms, @entity854 ) was obtained in 85-90% of treated @entity1 , and 30% were retreated within 6-12months. There was no correlation between biologically equivalent dose of radiation therapy and response duration, @entity158 relief, spleen reduction, or @entity1503 improvement (r(2) all <0.4); therefore, lower doses (e.g. 5Gy in 5 fractions) may be as effective as higher doses. Grade 3-4 @entity137 (typically @entity1431 , @entity281 ) was noted in 22% of courses, with grade 5 @entity137 in 0.7% of courses. All grade 5 @entity137 were due to either @entity882 with @entity548 or @entity1431 with @entity295 (or a combination of both); they were sequelae of @entity5 and not directly caused by SI. In summary, SI is generally a safe and efficacious method for treating @entity1 with symptomatic @entity381 .

title: Splenic irradiation for XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['lab abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorders']

answer: @entity381 :: (MESH:D013163,Disease) :: ['splenomegaly']


abstract: New Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines recommend routine @entity645 screening in locations including emergency departments. This study evaluates a novel approach to @entity645 counseling and testing (C_T) in a high-volume inner-city emergency department in terms of the number of @entity1 who can be recruited, tested, test positive, and are linked to care. This prospective evaluation was conducted for 26 months. Noncritically ill or injured @entity1 presenting to an inner-city emergency department were recruited. @entity1 used a multimedia program that facilitated data entry and viewed previously evaluated @entity645 counseling videos. Demographic characteristics, risk factors, and sexual history were collected. Data were collected on the number of @entity1 tested, number of @entity645 -positive @entity1 identified, and number linked to care. Demographic characteristics of the @entity1 were as follows: 48.7% males, mean age 32.6 +/- 11.3, 34.6% Hispanic, and 37.9 % African American. Of the 7109 eligible @entity1 approached, 6214 (87.4%) agreed to be @entity645 tested. There were 57 newly diagnosed or confirmed @entity645 -positive @entity1 , representing a seroprevalence of 0.92%. Of those testing positive, 49 (84.2%) were linked to care and had a mean initial @entity404 count of 238 cells/mm(3). In conclusion, a video-assisted rapid @entity645 program in a busy inner-city hospital emergency department can effectively test a high volume of @entity1 and successfully link @entity645 -positive individuals to care, while providing high-quality education and prevention messages for all those who test.

title: High-volume rapid XXXX testing in an urban emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']