abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mechanisms of @entity3546 signaling involved in airway @entity32 of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) remain unknown, although recent observations have suggested an important contribution of the pathway in pulmonary parenchymal tissue repair and airway epithelium differentiation. We investigated the role of @entity3546 signaling in cigarette smoke (CS)-related airway @entity32 using @entity1 lung tissues, @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells (16HBECs), and @entity19 models. Reduced activity of @entity3546 signaling was observed in the airway epithelium of smokers with or without @entity1030 . The mRNA expression of WNT transcription factor @entity31883 negatively correlated with the pack year. The mRNA levels of WNT receptor @entity32366 negatively correlated with the mRNA levels of @entity635 . CS exposure decreased the activity of @entity3546 signaling in both 16HBECs and @entity19 . In vitro studies demonstrated the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines @entity637 and @entity635 secretion induced by @entity1981 ( @entity1050 ) could be attenuated by b-catenin activator @entity25650 and be exacerbated by b-catenin small-interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively. Furthermore, the decrease in the expression of @entity3229 ( @entity3229  ) induced by @entity1050 stimulation could be rescued by @entity25650 . @entity25650 also attenuated the upregulation of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) stimulated by @entity1050 . Both @entity3229   agonist and @entity1995 inhibitor could suppress the @entity637 and @entity635 release induced by @entity1050 treatment. In addition, @entity3229   activation could abolish b-catenin siRNA-mediated aggravation of phosphorylated @entity1995 in response to @entity1050 . Finally, @entity25650 treatment significantly ameliorated peribronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, leukocyte influx, and the release of @entity637 and @entity635 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of CS-exposed @entity19 . Taken together, our findings indicate that the reduced activity of @entity3546 signaling induced by CS may promote inflammatory cytokine production in airway epithelium and have an essential role in airway @entity32 in @entity1030 by @entity3229  / @entity1995 pathway.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 31 August 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.101.

title: XXXX signaling regulates cigarette smoke-induced airway @entity32 via the @entity3229  /p38 pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3229 :: ('19013(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor', 'PPAR']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['WNT/b-catenin']


abstract: @entity5 mobilizes a variety of leukocyte populations that can inhibit or enhance @entity5 cell growth in situ. These subsets include y   T cells, which can infiltrate @entity5 and typically provide large amounts of antitumor cytokines, such as IFN-y. By contrast, we report here that in a well-established transplantable (ID8 cell line) model of @entity43 , y   T cells promote @entity5 cell growth. y   T cells accumulated in the peritoneal cavity in response to @entity5 challenge and could be visualized within solid @entity5 foci. Functional characterization of @entity5 -associated y   T cells revealed preferential production of @entity636 ( @entity636 ), rather than IFN-y. Consistent with this finding, both T cell receptor (TCR)  -deficient and @entity636 -deficient @entity19 displayed reduced ID8 @entity5 growth compared with wild-type animals. @entity636 production by y   T cells in the @entity5 environment was essentially restricted to a highly proliferative @entity31606 ((-)) subset that expressed Vy6 instead of the more common Vy1 and Vy4 TCR chains. The preferential expansion of @entity636 -secreting @entity31606 ((-)) Vy6((+)) y   T cells associated with the selective mobilization of unconventional small peritoneal macrophages (SPMs) that, in comparison with large peritoneal macrophages, were enriched for @entity3021 , and for protumor and proangiogenic molecular mediators, which were up-regulated by @entity636 . Importantly, SPMs were uniquely and directly capable of promoting @entity43 cell proliferation. Collectively, this work identifies an @entity636 -dependent lymphoid/myeloid cross-talk involving y   T cells and SPMs that promotes @entity5 cell growth and thus counteracts @entity5 immunosurveillance.

title: XXXX @entity31606 (-) Vy6(+) y   T cells producing @entity636 promote @entity43 growth via mobilization of protumor small peritoneal macrophages.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'peritoneal/ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer-associated inflammation', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: To evaluate the moderating influence of parental variables on changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents with Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) or a Fontan circulation after participation in standardized exercise training. A multicenter randomized controlled trail in which 56 @entity1 , aged 10-15, were randomly allocated (stratified by age, gender, and @entity299 ) to a 12-week period with either: (a) 3 times per week standardized exercise training or (b) care-as-usual (randomization ratio 2:1). Adolescents and their parents filled in online questionnaires at baseline and at 12-week follow-up. In this randomized controlled trail, primary analyses involved influence of parental mental health and parental social support for exercise on changes in the TNO/AZL @entity1 Quality of Life Questionnaire @entity1 Form at follow-up. Secondary analyses concerned comparing levels of parental characteristics with normative data. Compared with controls, adolescents in the exercise group reported a decrease in social functioning when their parents had more @entity148 / @entity22 or severe @entity308 themselves. Adolescents also reported a decrease in social functioning when their parents showed poorer overall mental health themselves. Parents reported comparable or even better mental health compared with normative data. The effect of a standardized exercise program on HRQoL changes in adolescents with ToF or a Fontan circulation is moderated by parental mental health, more specifically by parental @entity148 / @entity22 and severe @entity308 . The trial registration number of this article is NTR2731 ( www.trialregister.nl ).

title: Parental Mental Health Moderates the Efficacy of Exercise Training on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Congenital Heart Disease']


abstract: The long- and short-term outcomes in 21 @entity1 with right @entity694 after right hemicolectomy and multivisceral resection surgery were investigated. Short-term therapeutic effects and long-term survival rate were retrospectively analyzed in @entity1 with right @entity694 . These individuals underwent right hemicolectomy in combination with multivisceral resections including pancreatic head, duodenum, kidney, liver, gallbladder, and abdominal wall at the Department of General Surgery in the Henan Tumor Hospital between January 2003 and August 2014. The @entity1 had an average age of 58.9 years (range: 39-78). Three @entity1 had metastatic invasion only to the duodenum; meanwhile 18 @entity1 had invasion to the duodenum and other adjacent organs. The median survival time was 41 months (95% CI: 6.972-75.028) with one death in the perioperative period. No @entity1 lost follow-up. One-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate was 75%, 56%, and 43%, respectively. It was concluded that indications for surgery should be tightly controlled. Favorable clinical outcomes of right hemicolectomy and multivisceral resection surgery were demonstrated for @entity1 with right @entity694 at the T4 stage.

title: Right hemicolectomy and multivisceral resection of right XXXX : A report of 21 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3555 Background: IMRT has been shown to reduce acute @entity344 when compared to 3DCRT in the treatment of @entity957 ; however, there has been concern that focal IMRT fields may lead to elevated rates of locoregional recurrence. We examined the efficacy of definitive chemoradiation (CRT) using intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) as compared with 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for @entity1 (pts) with @entity957 ( @entity957 ). METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 221 pts with @entity957 treated with definitive CRT at MSKCC from 05/1991 to 01/2010. Of these pts, 44 received IMRT between 07/2005-01/2010, and 177 received 3DCRT between 05/1991-04/2007. Local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier methods and compared using a log-rank test. To account for biases arising from nonrandom allocation of pts to treatment groups, a propensity score analysis was performed using the potential confounding variables of age, gender, chemotherapy regimens, histology, @entity5 and N-stage, to balance the covariates and allow for a more accurate estimate of the treatment effects. RESULTS: Median follow-up time for survivors was 24.5 and 74.1 months for the IMRT and 3DCRT groups, respectively. The @entity1 in the IMRT group received a median dose of 5,600cGy (mean 5,260cGy) to the @entity5 , compared to 4,500cGy (mean 4,739cGy) in the 3DCRT group. The IMRT and 3DCRT groups had similar durations of @entity138 treatment with means of 41.5 and 41.4 days, respectively. The IMRT group had significantly (p<0.01) higher N-stage. The 2-year LRFS, DMFS, @entity1349 , and @entity1349 was 88%, 83%, 96%, and 92%, respectively for the IMRT group and 81%, 88%, 91%, and 89%, respectively for the 3DCRT group with no significant difference between the groups. Longer treatment duration was associated with worse @entity5 control with every 10 days of delay resulting in a 31% increase in LR rate. CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of pts with @entity957 treated with definitive CRT, use of IMRT, when compared to 3DCRT, does not appear to adversely affect outcomes.

title: Comparison of outcomes of intensity-modulated radiotherapy and 3-D conformal radiotherapy for XXXX using a propensity score analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T-stage', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['anal squamous cell carcinoma', 'ASCC']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic and gastrointestinal toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'colostomy-free survival', 'CFS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['anal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The treatment of complex prosthetic @entity340 (PVE) with @entity2333 remains a surgical challenge. Several studies support the use of biological tissues to minimize the risk of recurrent infection. We present our initial surgical experience with the use of an aortic xenograft conduit for aortic valve and root replacement. METHODS: Between October 2013 and August 2015, 15 xenograft bioconduits were implanted for complex PVE with @entity733 (13.3% female). In 6 @entity1 , concomitant procedures were performed: coronary bypass (n=1), mitral valve replacement (n=5) and tricuspid annuloplasty (n=1). The mean age at operation was 60.3  15.5 years. The mean Logistic European system for cardiac operating risk evaluation (EuroSCORE) was 46.6  23.6. The median follow-up time was 607  328 days (range: 172-1074 days). RESULTS: There were two in-hospital deaths (14.3% mortality), two @entity64 (14.3%) and seven @entity1 required permanent pacemaker insertion for conduction abnormalities (46.7%). The mean length of hospital stay was 26 days. At pre-discharge echocardiography, the conduit mean gradient was 9.3  3.3mmHg and there was either none (n=6), trace (n=6) or mild @entity337 (n=1). There was no incidence of mid-term @entity204 , prosthesis-related complications or recurrent @entity884 . CONCLUSIONS: Xenograft bioconduits may be safe and effective for aortic valve and root replacement for complex PVE with @entity2333 . Although excess early mortality reflects the complexity of the @entity1 population, there was good valve hemodynamics, with no incidence of recurrent @entity884 or prosthesis failure in the mid-term. Our data support the continued use and evaluation of this biological prosthesis in this high-risk @entity1 cohort.

title: Initial experience with xenograft bioconduit for the treatment of complex prosthetic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root abscess']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valve endocarditis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To characterize the hemodynamic course of @entity1455 and to relate the cause of @entity204 to ongoing @entity712 or multiple organ dysfunction. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: A 31-bed department of intensive care in a university hospital. @entity1 : All @entity1 admitted for @entity1455 from January 1999 to December 2000. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Charts were reviewed for demographic, clinical, hemodynamic, @entity26 transport, @entity32 , and organ dysfunction data. Of 62 @entity1 with @entity1455 , 40 (65%) did not survive. Eight @entity1 (20%) died from fatal @entity943 , 14 @entity1 (35%) died with low cardiac index (CI) [ie, < 2.2 L/min/m(2)], and 18 @entity1 (45%) died with normalized CI (ie, > 2.2 L/min/m(2)) and a higher CI/ @entity26 extraction ratio. Of these 18 @entity1 , 9 had evidence of @entity281 . The @entity1 with normalized CI were younger and stayed longer in the ICU than @entity1 with low CI. CONCLUSION: A substantial number of @entity1 with @entity1455 die with a normalized CI, suggesting a distributive defect, in the absence of obvious @entity281 . These @entity1 are younger and have a longer ICU course. The release of mediators may be secondary to gut hypoperfusion.

title: Do all nonsurvivors of XXXX die with a low cardiac index?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Positive diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) on MRI is associated with increased recurrent @entity64 risk in @entity4905 @entity1 . Acute MRI aids in @entity4905 risk stratification and diagnosis. AIM: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of @entity4905 triage directly from the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with acute MRI and neurological consultation. METHODS: Consecutive @entity341 @entity4905 @entity1 assessed by a neurologist underwent acute MRI/MRA of head/neck per protocol and were hospitalized if positive DWI, @entity850 , or per clinical judgment. @entity64 neurologist adjudicated the final @entity4905 diagnosis as definite, possible, or not a cerebrovascular event. @entity64 recurrence rates were calculated at 7, 90, 365 days and compared with predicted @entity64 rates derived from historical DWI and ABCD(2) score data. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-nine enrolled @entity1 had a mean age of 69 years (  17) and median ABCD(2) score of 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 3-4). During triage, 112 (87%) @entity1 underwent acute MRI after a median of 16   h (IQR 10-23) from symptom onset. No @entity1 experienced a recurrent event before imaging. Twenty-four (21%) had positive DWI and 8 (7%) had @entity850 . Of the total cohort, 83 (64%) were discharged and 46 (36%) were hospitalized. By one-year follow-up, one @entity1 in each group had experienced a @entity64 . Of 92 @entity1 with MRI and index cerebrovascular event, recurrent @entity64 rates were 1  1% at 7 and 90 days. These were similar to predicted recurrence rates. CONCLUSION: @entity4905 triage in the @entity341 using a protocol with neurological consultation and acute MRI is feasible and safe. The majority of @entity1 were discharged without hospitalization and rates of recurrent @entity64 were not higher than predicted.

title: @entity4905 triage in XXXX using acute MRI ( @entity4905 -TEAM): A feasibility and safety study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic vessel stenosis']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Using the 125-day @entity3474 model of long-term @entity2107 , we hypothesized that early use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), a noninvasive ventilatory method, combined with prophylactic surfactant therapy would permit continuation of alveolar and vascular development in the lung. Retrospective @entity1 studies have shown that @entity1 treated with nCPAP spend less time on mechanical ventilation and thereby sustain less volutrauma. After delivery by cesarean section at 125 days (term, 185 days), the @entity1 received two doses of surfactant (Curosurf) and daily @entity27708 . Weaning from low-volume positive pressure ventilation to nCPAP was attempted at 24 hours of age. Serial physiological parameters were recorded. Lung histopathology and morphometric measurements of nCPAP animals were done after necropsy at 28 days and data were compared with 125- and 156-day gestational controls. Documented episodes of @entity922 and @entity55 at postmortem examination were absent. nCPAP lungs showed enlarged thin-walled air spaces with minimal fibroproliferation and scattered secondary crests. Internal surface area and surface-to-volume ratio dimensions were similar to those of 156-day gestational control lungs, the intrauterine developmental control. nCPAP is an effective noninvasive ventilatory technique that minimizes @entity651 in @entity6599 at risk of developing @entity2107 .

title: Treatment of immature XXXX for 28 days with early nasal continuous positive airway pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity27708 :: ('MESH:C026189', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine citrate']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical sepsis']

answer: @entity6599 :: (9557,Species) :: ['baboons']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) is an important pathogenic mechanism underling the loss of bone mass and strength with aging and other conditions leading to @entity170 . The transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor2 ( @entity10182 ) plays a central role in activating the cellular response to ROS. Here, we examined the endogenous response of bone regulated by @entity10182 , and its relationship with bone mass and architecture in the male and female @entity19 skeleton. Young (3 month-old) and old (15 month-old) @entity10182 knockout (KO) @entity19 of either sex exhibited the expected reduction in @entity10182 mRNA expression compared to wild type (WT) littermates. @entity10182 deletion did not lead to compensatory increase in @entity22065 or @entity66286 , other members of this transcription factor family; and instead, @entity22065 expression was lower in KO @entity19 . Compared to the respective WT littermate controls, female KO @entity19 , young and old, exhibited lower expression of both detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes; young male KO @entity19 , displayed lower expression of detoxifying enzymes but not antioxidant enzymes; and old male KO @entity19 showed no differences in either detoxifying or antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, old male WT @entity19 exhibited lower @entity10182 levels, and consequently lower expression of both detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes, compared to old female WT @entity19 . These endogenous antioxidant responses lead to delayed rate of bone acquisition in female KO @entity19 and higher bone acquisition in male KO @entity19 as quantified by DXA and  CT, demonstrating that @entity10182 is required for full bone accrual in the female skeleton but unnecessary and even detrimental in the male skeleton. Therefore, @entity10182 regulates the antioxidant endogenous response and bone accrual differently depending on sex and age. These findings suggest that therapeutic interventions that target @entity10182 could be developed to enhance the endogenous antioxidant response in a sex- and age-selective manner.

title: XXXX regulates mass accrual and the antioxidant endogenous response in bone differently depending on the sex and age.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity10182 :: (18024(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Nrf2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Laryngopharyngeal reconstruction continues to challenge in terms of operative morbidity and optimal functional results. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether complications can be predicted on the basis of reconstruction in @entity1 undergoing pharyngectomy for @entity5 involving the hypopharynx. In addition, we detail a reconstructive algorithm for management of partial and total laryngopharyngectomy defects. METHOD: A retrospective review was performed of 153 @entity1 undergoing @entity1912 reconstruction for 85 partial and 68 circumferential pharyngectomies at a single institution over a 10-year period. There were 118 males and 35 females, the median age was 62 years, and mean follow up was 3.1 years. Pharyngectomy was performed for recurrence after radiotherapy in 80 @entity1 and as primary surgery in 73. Free @entity1912 reconstruction was used in 42%, with 30 jejunal, 15 radial forearm, 11 anterolateral thigh, five rectus abdominis, and three @entity3314 . Gastric transposition and pectoralis major pedicle @entity1912 was used in 14% and 44% of @entity1 , respectively. Morbidity was analyzed according to extent of defect, regional versus free @entity1912 , enteric versus fasciocutaneous free @entity1912 reconstruction, and the effect of laparotomy. RESULTS: The total operative morbidity and mortality rate was 71% and 3%, respectively. The most common complications were @entity3747 in 45%, pharyngocutaneous @entity292 in 33%, and wound complications in 25%. The late complication and stricture rate was 26% and 15%, respectively. On univariate analysis, circumferential defects were associated with increased total (P=.046) and @entity1912 -related morbidity (P=.037), @entity3747 (P<.001), late complications (P=.003), and stricture (P=.009). Gastric transposition had increased total (P=.007), @entity1912 -related (P=.035), late complications (P=.034), and @entity3747 (P=.001). Pharyngocutaneous @entity292 was increased in @entity1 undergoing salvage pharyngectomy for radiation failure (P=.048) compared with primary surgery. On multivariate analysis, gastric transposition independently predicted for wound complications (P=.014) and @entity292 (P=.012). Circumferential defects predicted for @entity1912 -related morbidity (P=.030), @entity3747 (P=.017), and late complications (P=.042). Tracheoesophageal speech was the method of voice restoration in 44% of @entity1 . Oral diet was achieved in 93% of @entity1 ; however, 16% required @entity5274 feeds for either total or supplemental nutrition. CONCLUSION: The operative morbidity associated with pharyngeal reconstruction is substantial in terms of early and late complications. We were able to predict morbidity by defect extent and reconstruction type and initial treatment modality. Swallowing function is acceptable; however, less than half of the @entity1 undergoing pharyngectomy had tracheoesophageal puncture voice restoration.

title: Morbidity after XXXX reconstruction of hypopharyngeal defects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity3314 :: ('MESH:D015436', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-omental flaps']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['flap']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7294 injection, which mostly occurs in the upper extremity, is commonly seen in domestic and industrial accidents, or attempted suicide. Surgical approach to chemical cellulites and other complications in these @entity1 is controversial. METHOD: This survey has been carried out on 21 @entity1 admitted to general surgery unit of Loqman Hakim hospital, Tehran, Iran with the complaint of @entity7294 injection in 2001-2005. RESULTS: The most common injected material was petroleum (in 8 @entity1 ). Anterior forearm was the most common injection site (in 16 @entity1 ). All of the @entity1 had @entity32 , swelling, and localized tenderness. @entity491 was present in 18 of 21 @entity1 . @entity2054 happened in 13 @entity1 ; 5 with @entity39 . All of the @entity1 with compartment syndrome underwent fasciotomy and debridement. Split thickness skin graft was done for 10 @entity1 after 2 weeks of admission. There was no mortality or limb loss during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention of the systemic complications, hospitalization, close monitoring and treatment of chemical cellulites are the main parts of the management of @entity1 with @entity7294 injection. Surgical intervention is recommended when compartment syndrome or other local complications occur.

title: Surgical approach to XXXX injection in upper extremities: case series.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrocarbon', 'hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['Compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['Leukocytosis']

answer: @entity7294 :: (CHEBI:24632,Chemical) :: ['hydrocarbon']


abstract: In 1974 (6), 6 @entity1 with incapacitating unilateral @entity9303 were given an empiric treatment with intratympanic @entity801 via the eustachian tube using a catheter with a small side-branch. These @entity1 showed excellent results, gaining relief from vertigo over a 13-year period. Since 1980 (7. 8), we have treated @entity1 suffering from @entity195 with @entity13302 . When the @entity1 could not be controlled by this therapy, @entity13302 was given in addition to intratympanic @entity801 therapy using a tubal catheter. Of 75 @entity1 with @entity195 who received @entity801 and @entity13302 therapy, 41 could be evaluated by the classification of the American Academy of Opthalmology and Otolaryngology (AAOO) in 1987 (9). Three of these @entity1 suffered from repeated attacks of vertigo for 2 years. However, all of them could be easily controlled by additional intratympanic @entity801 or @entity13302 therapy on an out- @entity1 basis. Thereafter, of a further 40 @entity1 with incapacitating @entity195 who received @entity801 and @entity13302 therapy, 15 could be evaluated by the AAOO classification. In summary, of the 115 @entity1 with incapacitating @entity195 treated with intratympanic @entity801 after @entity13302 treatment, 56 could be evaluated by the AAOO criteria from 1987 to 1990. These @entity1 ranged in age from 21 to 79 years. Vertigo improved in 80% of the @entity1 : 19 @entity1 (34%) were group A. 22 @entity1 (39%) were group B, 4 @entity1 7%) were group C and 11 @entity1 (20%) were group D, of whom 9 @entity1 required subsequent endolymphatic-mastoid shunt operations. This treatment also effectively controlled @entity1 with bilateral @entity195 .

title: Intratympanic XXXX therapy for @entity195 placed by a tubal catheter with systematic @entity13302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'gentamicin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity13302 :: ('MESH:D007547', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Meni  re's disease"]

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: PURPOSE: An adaptive concomitant boost (ACB) for the neo-adjuvant treatment of @entity5 was clinically implemented. In this study population margins M(90,90) considering rectal deformation were derived for 10 consecutive @entity1 treated at 18  *  2.3Gy with @entity499 ( @entity499 ) and prospectively validated on 20 additional @entity1 treated with @entity499 , delivering ACB in the last 6 fractions. METHODS: Sectorial margins M(90,90) of the whole and second treatment parts were assessed for 90% population through a method combining the 90% coverage probability maps of rectal positions (CPC90%) with 3D local distance measurements between the CPC90% and a reference rectal contour. M(90,90) were compared with the margins M(90,90)(95%/99%), ensuring CPC90% coverage with 95%/99% confidence level. M(90,90) of the treatment second part were chosen as ACB margins which were clinically validated for each @entity1 by means of %volume missing of CPC5/6 excluded by the ACB margins. RESULTS: The whole treatment M(90,90) ranged between 1.9  mm and 9  mm in the lower-posterior and upper-anterior sectors, respectively. Regarding ACB, M(90,90) were 7  mm in the anterior direction and <5  mm elsewhere. M(90,90)(95%/99%) did not significantly differ from M(90,90). The %volume excluded by the ACB margin was<2% for all male and <5% for 9/10 female @entity1 . The dosimetry impact on R_adapt for the @entity1 with the largest residual error was negligible. CONCLUSIONS: Local deformation measurements confirm an anisotropic motion of rectum once set-up error is rigidly corrected. Margins of 7  mm anterior and 5  mm elsewhere are adequate for ACB. Female @entity1 show a slightly larger residual error.

title: Assessment and clinical validation of margins for adaptive simultaneous integrated boost in neo-adjuvant radiochemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity499 :: ('MESH:C536217', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'Helical Tomotherapy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity850 of the carotid artery may be a cause of reduced cognitive performance that can be ameliorated with placement of a stent. The goal of this study was to measure cognitive performance and speed of psychomotor performance prospectively before and after carotid stent placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 referred for stent placement for a unilateral @entity543 were enrolled in the study. Neuropsychologic testing was performed with a Mini-Mental State Examination, an extended mental status examination, a subjective cognitive status measure, and a psychomotor performance test for speed. The severity of the @entity850 was measured on angiograms performed before stent placement. Three months after stent placement, CT angiograms were performed and the neuropsychologic testing was repeated. Differences in neuropsychologic test scores before and after stent placement were calculated and tested for significance with a Student t test. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 with a single unilateral carotid @entity850 of more than 50% completed the study. @entity850 of the carotid artery averaged 80% before treatment and 18% after treatment. After stenting, the scores from the extended mental status examination improved significantly. The scores from the subjective cognitive status measure also improved. No significant change was noted in the scores from the Mini-Mental State Examination or in the speed of psychomotor performance. CONCLUSION: Carotid stent placement in @entity1 with a unilateral @entity850 of the carotid artery resulted in significant improvement in cognitive test scores in this highly selected @entity1 group. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary observations.

title: Effect of carotid artery stenting on cognitive function in XXXX with @entity543 : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1348 , or @entity1348 , is a clinically diagnosed disorder whose most common symptoms include @entity158 and clicking, difficulty opening the mouth, and @entity1348 discomfort. The @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) is supplied by the @entity8810 , a collateral branch of the mandibular nerve (the V3 branch of the trigeminal nerve). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of permanent peripheral nerve stimulation to relieve @entity158 . STUDY DESIGN: This case series is a prospective study. SETTING: @entity158 Unit of a regional universitary hospital. METHODS: The study included 6 female @entity1 with temporomandibular @entity158 lasting from 2 to 8 years that did not respond to intraarticular local anesthetic and corticoid injections. After a positive diagnostic block test, the @entity1 were implanted with @entity16922 in the affected preauricular region for a 2-week stimulation test phase, after which the leads were connected to a permanent implanted pulse generator. Results of the visual analog scale, SF-12 Health Survey, Brief @entity158 Inventory, and drug intake were recorded at baseline and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the permanent implant. RESULTS: Five out of 6 @entity1 experienced @entity158 relief exceeding 80% (average 72%) and received a permanent implant. The SF-12 Health Survey results were very positive for all specific questions, especially items concerning the physical component. @entity1 reported returning to normal physical activity and rest at night. Four @entity1 discontinued their analgesic medication and 1 @entity1 reduced their gabapentin dose by 50%. LIMITATIONS: Sample size; impossibility of placebo control. CONCLUSION: @entity1 affected with @entity1348 who do not respond to conservative treatments may find a solution in peripheral nerve stimulation, a simple technique with a relatively low level of complications. KEY WORDS: @entity2956 , @entity1348 , @entity1348 , peripheral nerve stimulation, @entity8810 stimulation, @entity616 , clinical safety and effectiveness, @entity4254 .

title: Management of XXXX Secondary to Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome with Peripheral Nerve Stimulation.

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['Temporomandibular joint disorder']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['auriculotemporal nerve']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['preauricular block']

entities_list: @entity16922 :: ('MESH:D020265', 'Disease') :: ['quadripolar or octapolar leads']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['joint pain', 'Pain', 'TMJ pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ syndrome', 'temporomandibular joint syndrome', 'Costen syndrome', 'TMJ', 'Temporomandibular joint syndrome', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of dried blood spots (DBS) use for @entity1800 ( @entity1800 ) monitoring, describing @entity1 outcomes and programmatic challenges that are relevant for DBS implementation in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: We recruited adult antiretroviral therapy (ART) @entity1 from five district hospitals in Malawi. Eligibility reflected anticipated Ministry of Health @entity1800 monitoring criteria. Testing was conducted at a central laboratory. Virological failure was defined as >5000 copies/ml. Primary outcomes were program feasibility (timely result availability and @entity1 receipt) and effectiveness (second-line therapy initiation). RESULTS: We enrolled 1,498 @entity1 ; 5.9% were failing at baseline. Median time from enrollment to receipt of results was 42 days; 79.6% of @entity1 received results within 3 months. Among @entity1 with confirmed elevated @entity1800 , 92.6% initiated second-line therapy; 90.7% were switched within 365 days of @entity1800 testing. Nearly one-third (30.8%) of @entity1 with elevated baseline @entity1800 had suppressed (<5,000 copies/ml) on confirmatory testing. Median period between enrollment and specimen testing was 23 days. Adjusting for relevant covariates, @entity1 on ART >4 years were more likely to be failing than @entity1 on therapy 1-4 years (RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-2.8); older @entity1 were less likely to be failing (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98). There was no difference in likelihood of failure based on clinical symptoms (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.65-2.11). CONCLUSIONS: DBS for @entity1800 monitoring is feasible and effective in real-world clinical settings. Centralized DBS testing may increase access to @entity1800 monitoring in remote settings. Programmatic outcomes are encouraging, especially proportion of eligible @entity1 switched to second-line therapy.

title: Dried blood spots for XXXX monitoring in Malawi: feasible and effective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['viral load']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence and severity of invasive group A @entity883 demonstrate great variability over time, which at least, in part, seems to be related to group A streptococcal type distribution among the @entity1 population. METHODS: An enhanced surveillance study of invasive group A @entity883 (746 isolates) was performed in Sweden from April 2002 through December 2004. Noninvasive isolates from either the throat or skin (773 isolates) were collected in parallel for comparison. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained from 88% of @entity1 with @entity3 and were related to isolate characteristics, including T type, emm sequence type, and the presence of 9 superantigen genes, as well as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern comparisons of selected isolates. RESULTS: The annual incidence was 3.0 cases per 100,000 population. Among the @entity1 with @entity3 , 11% developed streptococcal @entity137 , and 9.5% developed @entity39 . The overall case-fatality rate was 14.5%, and 39% of the @entity1 with streptococcal @entity137 died (P<.001). The T3/13/B3264 cluster accounted for 33% of invasive and 25% of noninvasive isolates. Among this most prevalent type cluster, emm types 89 and 81 dominated. Combined results from pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, emm typing, and superantigen gene profiling identified subgroups within specific emm types that are significantly more prone to cause @entity3 than were other isolates of the same type. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a changing epidemiology of invasive group A @entity883 in Sweden, with emergence of new emm types that were previously not described. The results also suggest that some clones may be particularly prone to cause @entity3 .

title: Molecular and clinical characteristics of invasive group A XXXX in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive disease']

answer: @entity883 :: (MESH:D013290,Disease) :: ['streptococcal infection']


abstract: Carotenoids are ubiquitous and essential components of photosynthetic tissues in plants, algae and cyanobacteria. They participate in the light harvesting process and prevent photooxidative damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. Although de-etiolation and growth under different light conditions were reported to have pronounced effects on carotenoid contents in higher plants and algae, very little is known about the light regulation of carotenogenesis on a molecular level. In the present study, we chose the unicellular green alga @entity2060 to investigate the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in response to light. The carotenoid genes @entity33145 synthase and @entity33145 desaturase were selected for gene expression studies. Both @entity33145 synthase and @entity33145 desaturase revealed a fast up-regulation in response to light, which seemed to be due to transcriptional control. Only blue light was effective whereas illumination with red light did not lead to elevated transcript levels of @entity33145 synthase and @entity33145 desaturase. The inhibition of photosynthesis did not abolish the light induction of carotenoid genes. Comparison with published results showed that the carotenoid genes are simultaneously expressed with other genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and light harvesting. This simultaneous expression may represent one mechanism for the coordinated biosynthesis of carotenoids, @entity38 and the proteins of the photosynthetic apparatus.

title: Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in response to light in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophylls']

entities_list: @entity2060 :: ('3055', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']

answer: @entity2060 :: (3055,Species) :: ['Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate endothelial functioning in @entity387 @entity1 using a novel plethysmographic device that monitors peripheral arterial tone response in the finger to reactive @entity450 induced by @entity63 . @entity1 : Forty-six @entity387 @entity1 , 74.0% @entity1 , mean age 46.8 +/- 9.3 years, and 17 control subjects without @entity387 , 64.7% @entity1 , mean age 47.1 +/- 6.7 years. SETTING: Eight-bed Technion Sleep Medicine Center in Haifa, Israel. DESIGN: Endothelial functioning assessed by the reactive @entity450 peripheral arterial tone index was measured twice, before sleep and after waking from sleep monitored by polysomnography in the laboratory. The reactive @entity450 peripheral arterial tone index was calculated as the average amplitude of the peripheral arterial tone signal after the cuff deflation divided by the average amplitude before the cuff inflation. RESULTS: Morning index of endothelial functioning was significantly lower in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity387 ( @entity27 index > or = 30) than in @entity1 with mild @entity387 (30 < @entity27 index < or = 10) and in the control group without @entity387 ( @entity27 index < 10). The morning index was significantly inversely correlated with @entity27 index. @entity1 with a history of @entity101 or @entity65 had significantly lower morning and evening indexes of endothelial functioning than @entity1 without such a history. Multivariate analysis revealed that @entity27 index and sleep efficiency were significant predictors of the morning index. CONCLUSION: Measurements of the response of the peripheral arterial tone in the finger to reactive @entity450 can be used as a substitute for the brachial artery ultrasound technique to measure endothelial functioning in @entity1 with @entity387 .

title: Endothelial dysfunction in XXXX measured by peripheral arterial tone response in the finger to reactive @entity450 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forearm ischemia']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ), once-weekly intravenous injection or twice-weekly subcutaneous injection (SC) of bortezomib has been proven to offer non-inferior efficacy to standard twice-weekly intravenous administration, with an improved safety profile. However, whether once-weekly SC bortezomib can further reduce the incidence rate of @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) and not compromise the efficacy remains to be investigated. 25 @entity1 of @entity1582 treated with once-weekly SC bortezomib were reviewed in this study. The median treatment cycles were 4 (range, 2-9 cycles). Complete response (CR) rate was 52%, >= very good partial response (VGPR) rate was 72%, and >= partial response (PR) rate was 84%. 1-year and 2-year PFS rate was 63.0% and 34.3%, respectively, and 2-year OS rate was 100%. Any grade of @entity1897 was reported in 9 @entity1 (36.0%), with 7 @entity1 (28.0%) had grade 1 @entity1897 , and 2 @entity1 (8.0%) had grade 2 @entity1897 . No @entity1 reported grade 3/4 @entity1897 in this cohort. In conclusion, once-weekly subcutaneous administration of bortezomib offers excellent efficacy with a further improved safety profile, especially with regard to @entity1897 . It needs to be validated in future prospective randomized trials.

title: Once-weekly Subcutaneous Administration of Bortezomib in XXXX with @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a newly developed magnetic resonance (MR) protocol. Recent studies have found that SWI may be useful in the field of @entity66 , especially for detecting the presence of prominent veins, microbleeds and the @entity6520 ( @entity6520 ). Some authors have even suggested that SWI can be used to predict outcome. We conducted a prospective study of @entity1 hospitalized with middle cerebral artery territory @entity1188 receiving MRI within 2 days of @entity64 onset. The presence of prominent veins, microbleeds and @entity6520 in SWI was analyzed along with hospital characteristics of the @entity1 . A total of 44 @entity1 were enrolled. Among the 44 @entity1 , 15 (34.1%) @entity1 showed prominent veins, 19 (43.2%) showed @entity6520 , and 14 (31.8%) showed microbleeds. The presence of @entity6520 and prominent veins was not associated with prognosis. Though not statistically significant (p = 0.06), @entity1 with @entity6520 were more likely to develop later @entity2657 . @entity6520 was significantly associated with @entity432 (p = 0.008) based on the MR angiogram, and microbleeds were significantly associated with later hemorrhagic transformation (p = 0.018). In our study, SWI could not be used to predict outcome as previously suggested. However, the presence of microbleeds may predict further hemorrhagic transformation, and the presence of @entity6520 could be used to detect intra-arterial @entity715 . @entity1 with @entity6520 were also more likely to develop later @entity2657 . Including SWI in routine MR protocols for major acute @entity385 would be worthwhile.

title: Clinical applications of susceptibility weighted imaging in XXXX with major @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['SVS', 'susceptibility vessel sign']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies have found that illness perceptions explain significant variance in health outcomes in @entity66 . However, most of the research is cross-sectional and non-oncological. We examined, for the first time in @entity0 @entity1 , if @entity73 near diagnosis predict future multidimensional health-related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS: UK-based @entity1 (N   =   334) completed the illness perception questionnaire-revised within 6  months post-diagnosis and the quality of life in adult @entity5 survivors scale 15  months post-diagnosis. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from medical records. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The sociodemographic and clinical factors collectively significantly predicted 8/12 HRQoL domains, although for 5/8 accounted for <10% of the variance. For all 12 HRQoL domains, illness perceptions collectively explained significant substantial additional variance (   R(2) range: 5.6-27.9%), and a single illness perception questionnaire-revised dimension was the best individual predictor of 9/12 HRQoL domains. The consequences dimension independently predicted 7/12 HRQoL domains; @entity1 who believed their @entity5 would have a more serious negative impact on their life reported poorer future HRQoL. The emotional representations and identity dimensions also predicted multiple HRQoL domains. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should focus on realising the potential of illness perceptions as a modifiable target for and mediating mechanism of interventions to improve @entity1 ' HRQoL. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Illness perceptions within 6  months of XXXX diagnosis are an independent prospective predictor of health-related quality of life 15  months post-diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast, colorectal and prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['numerous diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and emotional illness perceptions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity73 in multiparametric MRI-guided biopsy to obtain samples of the dominant nodule in @entity263 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed cognitive-targeted biopsy after multiparametric MRI in 53 @entity1 with progressive elevation of PSA. All @entity1 provided written informed consent. Biopsies were done via a transperineal route under ultrasound guidance. The first three samples were obtained by @entity73 , with the @entity75 determined by multiparametric MRI according to the PI-RADS (prostate imaging, reporting, and data system) criteria. Then 9 cylinders were obtained from the remaining segments of the prostate (systematic biopsies). The pathologist evaluated the 12 cylinders without knowing which ones were obtained by @entity73 . In @entity1 with @entity75 , we defined the dominant lesion as the one with the highest Gleason score and @entity5 volume; in @entity1 with unifocal lesions, we defined the dominant lesion as the lesion identified. RESULTS: We diagnosed 29 @entity263 . In 89.7% (26/29), the dominant nodule was diagnosed by the cognitive-targeted biopsy. If only cognitive-targeted biopsy had been done, the dominant nodule would not have been diagnosed in two (3.8%, 2/53) @entity1 and only one (1.8%, 1/53) @entity1 , in whom no sample was obtained from the lesion with the highest Gleason score, would have been understaged. The rate of positivity of cognitive-targeted biopsy was 50.9% (27/53) in the entire group of @entity1 and 46.3% (19/41) in the group of @entity1 with previous negative biopsies. No significant immediate or late complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Cognitive targeting is safe and efficacious for detecting the dominant lesion in @entity263 .

title: Usefulness of XXXX in multiparametric MRI-guided biopsy to diagnose the dominant lesion in @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive targeting']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal lesions', 'target lesion']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive targeting']


abstract: Although outward current through inward-rectifier K+ channels has been observed in the whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp technique, no outward unitary current in single-channel studies has been recorded with the physiological ionic conditions. Hence, the relationship between single-channel activities and the inward rectification of the whole-cell current has been poorly understood. Therefore, characteristics of inward-rectifier K+ channels in @entity840 ventricular myocytes were assessed by the noise analysis of the K+ current using the whole-cell patch clamp method. Partial blockade of the inward-rectifier K+ current by @entity8594 was used to obtain different levels of mean current and current fluctuation as needed for variance-to-mean analysis. The plot of variance of current fluctuation against mean currents was well fitted by theoretical parabolic curves, and the unitary conductance, the open probability, and the density of functional channels were deduced. The unitary conductance of the inward-rectifier K+ channel exhibited an inward-rectification, although the channel open probability and the density of functional channels were not much different at various holding potentials used. The unitary conductance was not changed when the intrapipette concentration of @entity1025 was reduced, but tended to be smaller when the pipette contained high @entity1025 concentration. @entity8037 also tended to reduce the outward unitary conductances, although the reduction was not statistically significant. These results suggest that the inward rectification in the whole-cell current was due to the inward-rectifying property of the unitary conductance of the K+ channels. Inward rectification of the unitary conductance may be caused by blocking of the channels by both @entity1025 and @entity4663 .

title: Characteristics of current fluctuations originating from activities of inward-rectifier K+ channels in XXXX heart cells.

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['Spermine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analgesic effectiveness/safety of the new @entity1288 7.5- and 10-mg/ @entity1443 325-mg (Percocet) formulations in @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) suboptimally responsive to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, @entity1340 , @entity3840 inhibitors, and/or prn opioids. DESIGN: Prospective, open-label, nonrandomized, 4-week trial. SETTING: Multicenter. @entity1 : Thirty-three @entity1 and @entity1 (mean age: 52.2 years) with @entity1643 (mean duration: 10.9 years). INTERVENTIONS: All prior analgesics were discontinued, and @entity1288 / @entity1443 was dosed three @entity227 ( @entity227 ), titrated to clinically meaningful @entity158 relief. Initial @entity1288 / @entity1443 dose: 2.5/325 mg @entity227 ; maximum: 20/650 mg @entity227 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Effectiveness: Brief @entity158 Inventory (BPI) and @entity9 Scale 4 score (sharp, hot, dull, and @entity158 ). Quality of life: BPI and North American Spine Society Lumbar Spine questionnaire. SAFETY: Adverse events, physical/neurologic examinations, vital signs, and clinical laboratory tests. RESULTS: In all, 28 of 33 @entity1 (85%) completed the study; discontinuations were for adverse events (N=3), @entity1 choice (N=1), and lack of effectiveness (N =1). The mean @entity1288 / @entity1443 dose at the end of treatment was 8.2/325 mg @entity227 . After 4 weeks, treatment significantly reduced @entity158 intensity and improved @entity158 relief (P < 0.0005), improved @entity9 Scale 4 score (P =0.007), reduced @entity158 interference with quality of life (P < 0.0004), and @entity717 (P < 0.0001). Treatment was found to be safe and well tolerated. Adverse events were those most commonly expected from an opioid, and most were of mild-to-moderate intensity. CONCLUSIONS: The primary purpose of this study was to preliminarily test the effectiveness of the new formulations of @entity1288 / @entity1443 with reduced @entity1443 in the clinical practice setting. The results from this trial suggest that these formulations are effective in the treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic @entity1643 . Most @entity1 (67%) reported significant @entity158 relief/tolerable side effects with a @entity227 dosing frequency or less (mean: 3.04 doses/day), suggesting @entity1118 @entity1 can experience meaningful @entity158 relief with around-the-clock dosing of @entity1288 / @entity1443 and minimal risk of hepatotoxicity. Further long-term, controlled studies of the efficacy/safety of the new formulations of @entity1288 / @entity1443 in @entity1643 are warranted to fully characterize efficacy in this @entity1 population and corroborate the findings from our study.

title: Effectiveness and safety of new @entity1288 / XXXX formulations with reduced @entity1443 for the treatment of @entity1643 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['TID', 'times a day']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['deep pain', 'Pain', 'BPI pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['reduced disability']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathic Pain']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess: (i) the correlation between @entity2182 and urodynamic findings in female @entity1 ; and (ii) the association of urinary symptoms with the presence of detrusor overactivity and/or @entity1876 . METHODS: The present retrospective study included female @entity1 with @entity2182 who underwent urodynamic evaluation by a single physician. @entity1 with previous anti- @entity322 surgery or @entity1494 were excluded. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to correlate @entity2182 with the urodynamic findings. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent factors for detrusor overactivity and @entity1876 . RESULTS: Overall, 1737 reports were analyzed. All @entity1 had urgency with or without urgency urinary @entity322 . Urgency, urgency urinary @entity322 and @entity2183 correlated with detrusor overactivity. The severity of frequency, @entity2183 and slow stream correlated with @entity1876 . In contrast, stress urinary @entity322 showed an inverse, but weak, correlation with @entity1876 . Stress urinary @entity322 correlated moderately with @entity2478 . Storage symptoms showed an inverse, but weak, correlation with maximum cystometric capacity. Multivariate analysis data showed that age, urgency, urgency urinary @entity322 and @entity2183 were independent predictors of detrusor overactivity, whereas the severity of frequency was a predictor of @entity1876 . CONCLUSION: As @entity2182 increase in severity, female @entity1 tend to have a smaller bladder capacity and a higher incidence of detrusor overactivity. A significant number of these @entity1 have @entity1876 .

title: Urodynamic findings in @entity1 with refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['urine leak']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1307 is neuroprotective in animal models of neonatal @entity2806 . We previously reported a phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study of @entity1307 in neonates. This article presents the neurodevelopmental follow-up of @entity1 who were enrolled in the phase I clinical trial. METHODS: We enrolled 24 newborns with @entity2806 in a dose-escalation study. @entity1 received up to six doses of @entity1307 in addition to @entity2332 . All @entity1 underwent neonatal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reviewed by a single neuroradiologist. Moderate-to-severe @entity245 was defined as @entity306 with Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III-V or @entity73 based on Bayley Scales of @entity1 Development II mental developmental index or Bayley III cognitive composite score. RESULTS: Outcomes were available for 22 of 24 @entity1 , at mean age 22 months (range, 8-34 months). There were no deaths. Eight (36%) had moderate-to-severe @entity1545 on neonatal MRI. Moderate-to-severe disability occurred in one @entity1 (4.5%), in the setting of moderate-to-severe @entity21 . Seven @entity1 with moderate-to-severe watershed injury exhibited the following outcomes: normal (three), mild @entity10791 (two), mild @entity306 (one), and @entity302 (one). All 11 @entity1 with a normal brain MRI had a normal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to describe neurodevelopmental outcomes in @entity1 who received high doses of @entity1307 and @entity2332 during the neonatal period. The findings suggest that future studies are warranted to assess the efficacy of this new potential neuroprotective therapy.

title: XXXX and @entity2332 for @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'Infant', 'patients', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disability']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'Erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['language delay']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia and/or thalamic injury']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic cerebral palsy', 'cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['Erythropoietin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The factors influencing failure of pancreaticojejunostomy following pancreatoduodenectomy are still ill-defined. Our previous study showed that age of @entity1 , @entity3638 or malignant nature of peripancreatic @entity5 had no impact on pancreas-related morbidity following pancreatoduodenectomy. The hypothesis is that it could be influenced by the level of pancreatic @entity82 , diameter of the main pancreatic duct, and exocrine pancreatic function. Aim of the study was to analyze the impact of morphologic and physiologic peculiarities of pancreatic remnant on development of pancreas-related morbidity after Whipple procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have analyzed retrospectively clinical data of 122 @entity1 who have undergone pancreatoduodenectomy in the Department of Surgery of Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital during 1995-2001. @entity82 of @entity788 , diameter of main pancreatic duct, and preoperative exocrine function were evaluated. Pancreas-related morbidity was determined as either @entity295 or @entity3472 . @entity82 of pancreatic remnant was determined by computer-aided morphometric analysis. The exocrine pancreatic function was tested the day before surgery by @entity23606 Stool test. RESULTS: One hundred twenty two @entity1 have undergone pancreatoduodenectomy during 1995-2001. Pancreas-related morbidity was encountered in 27 (22.13%) cases, @entity3472 in 13 (10.65%) and @entity295 in 14 (11.47%). Univariate analysis shows that diameter of main @entity788 were significantly different between the groups with and without pancreatic complications (p=0.001 and p=0.002, respectively) as well as there was significant difference of pancreatic exocrine function and @entity82 between the groups of @entity1 who developed @entity532 and who did not (p=0.003 and p=0.026, respectively). When logistic regression analysis was applied on those 4 variables, only one independent risk factor - exocrine pancreatic function at the cut-off of stool Elastase 100 micro g/g was revealed (odds ratio 21.6). The sensitivity of the Stool @entity23606 test was 0.86, specificity 0.78, positive predictive value - 0.55 and negative predictive value - 0.95. CONCLUSIONS: The level of pancreatic @entity82 , diameter of the main pancreatic duct, and exocrine pancreatic function mainly influence pancreas-related morbidity following pancreatoduodenectomy. Exocrine pancreatic function measured by Stool @entity23606 test is helpful for the detection of the group of @entity1 with minimal risk for pancreas-related morbidity after pancreatoduodenectomy.

title: [The impact of morphologic and physiologic peculiarities of the XXXX following pancreatoduodenectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic parenchyma', 'pancreatic duct and level of postoperative amylasemia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['peripancreatic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-related complications']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity23606 :: ('1990', 'Gene') :: ['Pancreatic Elastase-1', 'Elastase-1']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['bilirubinemia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreas on pancreas-related complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled @entity5 factor alpha ( @entity310 ) has previously been shown to induce airway neutrophilia and increased airway reactivity in normal subjects. It was hypothesised that a similar challenge would increase airway reactivity in those with mild @entity565 , but that the inflammatory profile may differ. METHODS: Ten mild asthmatic subjects were recruited on the basis of clinical @entity565 and either a sensitivity to @entity2710 within the range defined for @entity565 or a 20% improvement in forced expiratory volume (FEV(1)) after 200 micro g @entity3045 . Subjects inhaled either vehicle control or 60 ng recombinant @entity1 (rh) @entity310 and were studied at baseline, 6, 24, and 48 hours later. Variables included spirometric parameters, @entity2710 provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV(1) (PC(20)), induced sputum differential cell count, relative sputum level of mRNA of @entity3646 , @entity225 , @entity4666 , @entity49591 , @entity8252 and @entity310 , and the exhaled gaseous markers of @entity32 , @entity842 and @entity1223 . RESULTS: PC(20) showed an increase in sensitivity after @entity310 compared with control (p<0.01). The mean percentage of neutrophils increased at 24-48 hours (24 hour control: 1.1 (95% CI 0.4 to 2.7) v 9.2 (95% CI 3.5 to 14.9), p<0.05), and there was also a rise in eosinophils (p=0.05). Relative levels of sputum mRNA suggested a rise in expression of @entity310 , @entity49591 , and @entity8252 , but no change in @entity3646 and @entity225 . Spirometric parameters and exhaled gases showed no significant change. CONCLUSION: The increase in airway responsiveness and sputum inflammatory cell influx in response to rhTNF alpha indicates that @entity310 may contribute to the airway @entity32 that characterises @entity565 .

title: Effects of inhaled @entity5 factor alpha in subjects with mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Rates of @entity26 and ventilator weaning, and factors related to successful weaning in inpatient pediatric pulmonary programs for @entity1 and young @entity1 , have not been frequently reported in the literature. A retrospective review was conducted of 34 @entity1 and toddlers with either a diagnostic condition of prematurity (PM) or @entity4094 ( @entity4094 ) discharged from an inpatient pulmonary program. These cases represent 67 hospital admission-discharge episodes over a 6-year period. The rate of successful @entity26 weaning (decrease to 0 hr per day) and ventilator weaning (decrease to <12 hr per day) and predictive factors related to successful ventilator weaning per admission-discharge episode were examined. Successful @entity26 weaning was achieved during 24% and successful ventilator weaning was achieved during 30% of the admission-discharge episodes. No significant relationships were found between the selected demographic and clinical factors and @entity26 weaning. Using a logistic regression model, the major variable associated with successful ventilator weaning per admission-discharge episode was diagnostic condition. Age at admission and the presence of comorbidities added slightly to the prediction model. The overall model yielded 86% accuracy for predicting a decrease in ventilator hours. However, projecting in which episodes @entity1 will not be weaned (negative predictive value = 88.9%) was more accurate than projecting in which episodes @entity1 will be weaned (positive predictive value = 73.3%). Although the program achieved a relatively low rate of successful ventilator weaning, @entity1 with a diagnostic condition of prematurity were more likely to be successfully weaned during inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation.

title: XXXX and ventilator weaning during inpatient pediatric pulmonary rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies/neuromuscular disease', 'CA/NM']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of short-term antioxidant supplementation on retinal function in age-related @entity1020 (ARM) @entity1 by recording focal electroretinograms (FERGs). DESIGN: Nonrandomized, comparative clinical trial. @entity1 : Thirty @entity1 with early ARM and visual acuity >/=20/30, divided into two groups, similar for age and disease severity: antioxidant group (ARM-A, n = 17) and no treatment group (ARM-NT, n = 13). Eight age-matched normal subjects divided into antioxidant (N-A, n = 4) or no treatment (N-NT, n = 4) groups. METHODS: ARM-A @entity1 and N-A @entity1 had oral supplementation of @entity8665 , 15 mg; @entity270 , 20 mg; and @entity4571 , 18 mg, daily for 180 days, whereas ARM-NT @entity1 and N-NT @entity1 had no dietary supplementation during the same period. Eight of the 17 ARM-A @entity1 took supplementation for an additional 180-day period. In all @entity1 and normal subjects, FERG assessment was performed at the study entry (baseline) and after 180 days. Further testing was performed at 360 days for the eight ARM-A @entity1 taking supplements and for one ARM-A @entity1 who had discontinued supplementation after 180 days. FERGs were recorded in response to a 41-Hz sinusoidally modulated uniform field (93.5% modulation depth) presented to the macular region (18 degrees ) on a light-adapting background. In a subgroup of @entity1 (11 ARM-A and 5 ARM-NT), whose responses had suitable signal-to-noise ratios, FERGs were also recorded at different stimulus modulation depths between 8.25% and 93.5%. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Amplitude (in micro V) and phase (in degrees) of the FERG fundamental harmonic component. FERG modulation thresholds, estimated from the value of log modulation depth yielding a criterion response. RESULTS: At 180 days, FERGs of ARM-A @entity1 and N-A @entity1 were increased in amplitude (mean change, 0.11 and 0.15 log micro V, respectively, P </= 0.01) compared with baseline values, whereas no significant changes in FERG amplitudes of ARM-NT @entity1 and N-NT @entity1 were found (mean change, -0.004 and -0.023 log micro V, respectively). In all groups no changes in the FERG phase were found. FERG modulation thresholds decreased with respect to baseline values (mean change, -0.36 log units, P < 0.01) in ARM-A @entity1 , whereas no significant change (mean change, 0.07 log units) in ARM-NT @entity1 was seen. At 360 days, FERGs of ARM-A @entity1 taking supplementation were still increased in amplitude with respect to baseline (P < 0.05) but did not differ from those recorded at 180 days. In the @entity1 who had discontinued supplementation, FERG amplitude decreased from the 180 days value, approaching that recorded at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study provides no evidence for the long-term benefit of antioxidants in ARM, the results suggest that increasing the level of retinal antioxidants might influence macular function early in the disease process, as well as in normal aging.

title: Influence of short-term antioxidant supplementation on macular function in age-related XXXX : a pilot study including electrophysiologic assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['maculopathy']


abstract: @entity440 and @entity23392 are antiestrogenic drugs successfully used in the therapy of @entity0 . @entity309 and @entity311 have been treated with @entity503 for decades. Unfortunately, @entity440 and @entity503 are reported to induce retinal changes as a side effect. We now studied the effects of @entity440 , @entity23392 , and @entity503 on the viability of the @entity1 retinoblastomal cell line Y79, using the WST-1 test or measurement of the cellular @entity855 content. The studies were made on Y79 cell cultures and on cocultures of Y79 cells and retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19. The cocultures were used to clarify the effect of retinal pigment epithelium on @entity137 to Y79 cells. In the coculture, the drugs were applied to @entity1 cells growing in the culture inserts on top of Y79 cells and the viability of @entity1 and Y79 cells was assessed separately. @entity440 , @entity23392 , and @entity503 reduced dose-dependently the viability of Y79 cells after 24-h exposure. The @entity1 cells proved to be protective after @entity503 exposure in the coculture. The results shed light on the @entity137 of @entity440 and @entity503 in Y79 cells in vitro. With the coculture we were able to simulate the in vivo route of @entity503 to the retina via the retinal pigment epithelium.

title: XXXX of selected cationic drugs in retinoblastomal cultures and in cocultures of retinoblastomal and retinal pigment epithelial cell lines.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity23392 :: ('MESH:D017312', 'Chemical') :: ['toremifene']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is a new technique. While the short-term recipient renal function is equivalent to that of the traditional open nephrectomy (ODN), long-term function and potential exclusion criteria, such as the presence of @entity8 , are as yet unknown. METHODS: Retrospective review of 124 consecutive LDN performed from March 1996 to September 1997 with 117 ODN as historical controls. RESULTS: The 1-year actuarial graft and @entity1 survival for LDN kidneys were 94% and 95%, respectively. These were not statistically different from that of the ODN controls. The presence of @entity8 did not alter graft and @entity1 survival or prevalence of immunologic events. The number of recipient ureteral complications in the LDN group was 11.2% compared with 3.4% in ODN (P < 0.01). Following correction for a learning curve with accompanying technical modifications, the prevalence of recipient ureteral complications has decreased to 7% in the last 94 @entity1 (P = nonsignificant versus ODN). CONCLUSIONS: LDN represents a viable alternative to ODN for living renal transplants. Advantages for the donor are matched by equivalent functional results for the recipients.

title: Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['multiple renal arteries']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['multiple renal arteries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist ( @entity6757 RA), dulaglutide, in the treatment of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). DATA SOURCES: A PubMed search was completed to identify publications from 1947 to October 2014 using the search terms dulaglutide and LY2189265. References were reviewed to identify additional resources. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Articles were included if they evaluated the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, or efficacy of dulaglutide. DATA SYNTHESIS: Dulaglutide reduces both glycosylated hemoglobin ( @entity3916 ) and weight by stimulating insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon in a glucose-dependent manner, delaying gastric emptying, and promoting satiety. Dulaglutide consists of 2 @entity6757 analogues that have been modified to make it a long-acting, once-weekly agent. Dulaglutide has been studied as monotherapy and in combination with metformin, glimepiride, pioglitazone, and insulin lispro. It has demonstrated superior @entity3916 reduction compared with placebo, metformin, insulin glargine, sitagliptin, and twice-daily exenatide. It demonstrated noninferiority in @entity3916 reduction to liraglutide. Dulaglutide changed @entity3916 by -0.78% to -1.51%, and it changed weight by -0.35 kg to -3.03 kg. The most common adverse effects in clinical studies were @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity294 . CONCLUSIONS: Dulaglutide is the fifth @entity6757 RA approved for @entity6 in the United States. It is an attractive option because it is dosed once-weekly, provides @entity3916 lowering similar to liraglutide, weight reduction similar to exenatide, and has an adverse effect profile similar to exenatide and liraglutide.

title: Dulaglutide: The Newest @entity6757 Receptor Agonist for the Management of Type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Estrogens modulate lipid metabolism and the increased risk of @entity731 in postmenopausal @entity1 is at least partly due to the reduction of @entity172 production after menopause. We studied the effect of menopause on the contents of long-chain @entity1718 , free @entity165 (FC) and @entity14839 (CE) in uterine artery wall. METHODS: The uterine artery intima samples were obtained in connection with surgery of 21 postmenopausal and 51 premenopausal @entity1 . The amount of FC, CE and phospholipid @entity1718 were measured by gas chromatography after extraction and fractionation and these lipid values were related to menopausal status, age and serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 levels. RESULTS: Premenopausal females had significantly less intimal FC (161 +/- 50 vs. 407 +/- 276 microg/100 mg wet weight, P = 0.003) and CE (19 +/- 34 vs. 305 +/- 348 microg/100 mg wet weight, P = 0.050) and smaller proportion of @entity4722 out of all phospholipid @entity1718 (4.2 vs. 7.2%, P = 0.002) than postmenopausal @entity1 after adjustment with age. The content of CE (r = 0.34, P = 0.025) and the FC-to-CE ratio (r = -0.45, P = 0.002) correlated with age in premenopausal but not in postmenopausal @entity1 . Moreover, the intimal content of CE correlated with the percentage of intimal phospholipid @entity4722 in postmenopausal @entity1 (r = 0.79, P = 0.020). The same was true for FC (r = 0.73, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that CE and FC accumulation into the wall of uterine artery depends on menopausal status, independently of age, and that the phospholipid long-chain @entity844 composition differs significantly between premenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 . This suggests that @entity172 may be involved in the regulation of artery wall lipid composition.

title: XXXX and @entity165 composition of the uterine artery intima in relation to menopausal status, age, and serum @entity165 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity14839 :: ('CHEBI:17002', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol ester']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['Fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Triticum araraticum and @entity63037 are tetraploid species of the Timopheevi group. The former includes both winter and spring forms with a predominance of winter forms, whereas @entity63037 is considered a spring species. In order to clarify the origin of the spring growth habit in @entity63037 , allelic variability of the VRN-1 gene was investigated in a set of accessions of both tetraploid species, together with the diploid species Ae. speltoides, presumed donor of the G genome to these tetraploids. RESULTS: The promoter region of the VRN-A1 locus in all studied tetraploid accessions of both T. araraticum and @entity63037 represents the previously described allele VRN-A1f with a 50  bp deletion near the start codon. Three additional alleles were identified namely, VRN-A1f-del, VRN-A1f-ins and VRN-A1f-del/ins, which contained large mutations in the first (1(st)) intron of VRN-A1. The first allele, carrying a deletion of 2.7  kb in a central part of intron 1, occurred in a few accessions of T. araraticum and no accessions of @entity63037 . The VRN-A1f-ins allele, containing the insertion of a 0.4  kb MITE element about 0.4  kb upstream from the start of intron 1, and allele VRN-A1f-del/ins having this insertion coupled with a deletion of 2.7  kb are characteristic only for @entity63037 . Allelic variation at the VRN-G1 locus includes the previously described allele VRN-G1a (with the insertion of a 0.2  kb MITE in the promoter) found in a few accessions of both tetraploid species. We showed that alleles VRN-A1f-del and VRN-G1a have no association with the spring growth habit, while in all accessions of @entity63037 this habit was associated with the dominant VRN-A1f-ins and VRN-A1f-del/ins alleles. None of the Ae. speltoides accessions included in this study had changes in the promoter or 1(st) intron regions of VRN-1 which might confer a spring growth habit. The VRN-1 promoter sequences analyzed herein and downloaded from databases have been used to construct a phylogram to assess the time of divergence of Ae. speltoides in relation to other @entity3505 species. CONCLUSIONS: Among accessions of T. araraticum, the preferentially winter predecessor of @entity63037 , two large mutations were found in both VRN-A1 and VRN-G1 loci (VRN-A1f-del and VRN-G1a) that were found to have no effect on vernalization requirements. Spring tetraploid @entity63037 had one VRN-1 allele in common for two species (VRN-G1a), and two that were specific (VRN-A1f-ins, VRN-A1f-del/ins). The latter alleles include mutations in the 1(st) intron of VRN-A1 and also share a 0.4  kb MITE insertion near the start of intron 1. We suggested that this insertion resulted in a spring growth habit in a progenitor of @entity63037 which has probably been selected during subsequent domestication. The phylogram constructed on the basis of the VRN-1 promoter sequences confirmed the early divergence (~3.5 MYA) of the ancestor(s) of the B/G genomes from Ae. speltoides.

title: The occurrence of spring forms in tetraploid Timopheevi XXXX is associated with variation in the first intron of the VRN-A1 gene.

entities_list: @entity63037 :: ('4570', 'Species') :: ['Triticum timopheevii', 'T. timopheevii']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of apical negative pressure irrigation (ANP) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with apical positive pressure irrigation (PP-conventional irrigation) in the periapical repair of @entity235 ' teeth with @entity1546 . METHODS: Forty-nine mesial and distal root canals of premolars of three @entity235 with experimentally induced @entity1548 were subjected to a single-session root canal treatment. The teeth were randomly assigned to three groups: ANP, PUI, and PP (control). After 180  days, the animals were euthanized, and the anatomic pieces were removed and subjected to histotechnical processing for morphological and morphometric histological analyses of @entity1710 and @entity1711 (HE)-stained sections under conventional and fluorescence microscopy. @entity1548 size before and 180  days after root canal treatment was measured by periapical radiographic examination. @entity65469 ( @entity65469 ) histoenzymology was performed for osteoclast counting and Brown and Brenn staining to assess bacteria. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test (a   =   5  %). RESULT: There were no statistically significant differences among the groups regarding periapical lesion size in the radiographic evaluation (p   =   0.91). In the comparison of histopathological parameters, group ANP presented more homogeneous results. There was a statistically significant difference (p   =   0.02) between groups ANP and PP, with better results for group ANP in which milder infiltrate inflammatory was observed. No statistically significant difference (p   >   0.05) was found among the groups with respect to periodontal ligament space, presence of mineralized tissue resorption, size of the @entity1548 , and number of osteoclasts. CONCLUSION: Although the three irrigation systems elicited similar periapical tissue response with respect to almost all evaluated parameters, ANP presented the mildest inflammatory infiltrate, suggesting an advantage over PP in the indication for clinical use. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Irrigation of the root canal systems is an extremely important step in root canal treatment. Therefore, it is of relevance to evaluate the efficacy of these systems by in vivo experimental models to provide scientific background for the clinical practice.

title: Tissue response to root canal irrigation systems in @entity235 ' teeth with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1546 :: ('MESH:D010485', 'Disease') :: ['apical periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity65469 :: ('476705(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['TRAP', 'Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['periapical lesions', 'Periapical lesion']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity1546 :: (MESH:D010485,Disease) :: ['apical periodontitis']


abstract: The functional integrity of neurons requires the bidirectional active transport of synaptic vesicles (SVs) in axons. The kinesin motor KIF1A transports SVs from somas to stable SV clusters at synapses, while dynein moves them in the opposite direction. However, it is unclear how SV transport is regulated and how SVs at clusters interact with motor proteins. We addressed these questions by isolating a rare temperature-sensitive allele of @entity2199 @entity67765 (KIF1A) that allowed us to manipulate SV levels in axons and dendrites. Growth at 20   and 14   resulted in locomotion rates that were    3 and 50% of wild type, respectively, with similar effects on axonal SV levels. Corresponding with the loss of SVs from axons, mutants grown at 14   and 20   showed a 10- and 24-fold dynein-dependent accumulation of SVs in their dendrites. Mutants grown at 14   and switched to 25   showed an abrupt irreversible 50% decrease in locomotion and a 50% loss of SVs from the synaptic region 12-hr post-shift, with no further decreases at later time points, suggesting that the remaining clustered SVs are stable and resistant to retrograde removal by dynein. The data further showed that the synapse-assembly proteins @entity67766 , @entity40924 , and @entity67767 protected SV clusters from degradation by motor proteins. In @entity67766 , @entity40924 , and @entity67767 mutants, SVs accumulate in an @entity67765 -dependent manner in the distal axon region that normally lacks SVs. In addition to their roles in SV cluster stability, all three proteins also regulate SV transport.

title: Synapse-Assembly Proteins Maintain Synaptic Vesicle Cluster Stability and Regulate Synaptic Vesicle Transport in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: Four fistulated primiparous @entity291 (two Holstein and two Brown Swiss) averaging 102 DIM were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square with 3-wk periods to determine the effect of feeding fish oil, extruded @entity1460 , or their combination on @entity844 profiles of milk and rumen digesta. Experimental diets consisted of: 1) control diet; 2) a diet with 2% ( @entity3918 basis) added fat from menhaden fish oil; 3) a diet with 2% added fat from extruded @entity1460 ; and 4) a diet with 1% added fat from fish oil and 1% fat from extruded @entity1460 . All diets consisted of 25% @entity4336 silage, 25% alfalfa hay, and 50% concentrate. Milk yields (28.6, 29.7, 29.2, and 28.1 kg/d for control, fish oil, extruded @entity1460 , and combination diets, respectively) were similar for all fat supplements and control. Milk fat and protein percentages (3.49, 3.08; 3.25, 2.96; 3.47, 3.01; 3.48, 2.99 for diets 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) were not affected by fat supplements compared with control. Dry matter intake (23.0, 21.6, 22.7, and 21.6 kg/d) was reduced when diets containing fish oil were fed. Concentrations of conjugated @entity4722 [CLA; cis-9, trans-11 CLA, 0.40, 0.88, 0.87, and 0.80 g/100 g @entity1718 (FA)] and @entity26416 ( @entity29898 , 1.02, 2.34, 2.41, and 2.06 g/100 g of FA) were increased in milk fat by all fat supplements, with no differences in milk CLA and @entity29898 observed among fat supplements. As with milk fat, proportions of ruminal CLA (0.09, 0.26, 0.18, and 0.21 g/100 g of FA) and @entity29898 (2.61, 4.56, 4.61, and 4.39 g/100 g of FA) increased with fat supplements. The effects of fat supplements on ruminal @entity29898 and @entity13357 concentrations were also reflected in rumen FA-salts, free @entity1718 , and neutral lipids. The higher @entity29898 to CLA ratio in the rumen compared with milk indicated that fat supplements increased milk CLA concentration mainly by increasing ruminal production of @entity29898 , which also implied the significant role that mammary delta-9 desaturase plays in milk CLA concentrations.

title: @entity844 profiles of milk and rumen digesta from @entity291 fed fish oil, extruded XXXX or their blend.

entities_list: @entity26416 :: ('MESH:C050413', 'Chemical') :: ['transvaccenic acid']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybeans']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Breast density increases the risk of @entity0 , but also in the interpretation of mammography is also important. This study examine the risk factors affecting breast density in postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: Between January 2013 and January 2014, 215 @entity1 admitted to The Clinics of Gynecology and Obstetrics with complaints of menopause were taken. According to the results of mammography, Group I (non-dense, n = 175) and Group II (dense, n = 40) were created. The informations of the caseswere analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In Group I, body mass index (BMI), number of pregnancies, parity were significantly higher than group II (P < 0.05). In group II, the withdrawal period of menstruation and @entity1420 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05). In logistic regression analysis, BMI for dense breasts and number of pregnancies were found to be an independent risk factor (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Increased BMI, pregnancy and parity, result of reduction in density , but longer duration of menopause and increased @entity1420 cause an increase in density. BMI and the number of pregnancy was found to be independent risk factors for reducing breast density.

title: Factors Associated with Mammographic Density in Postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']