abstract: This study aimed to assess and compare the effects of @entity3773 and @entity1338 on right ventricular volumes and function in 20 physical status ASA III @entity1 , with a borderline untreated essential @entity101 and with or without chronic @entity453 . The @entity1 were randomly assigned to two equal groups to receive either @entity3773 (0.4 mg.kg-1) or @entity1338 (2.5 micrograms.kg-1). Neither @entity1 had @entity712 , @entity340 , previous @entity583 , nor was any being treated with beta-blocking agents or with @entity2643 . Usual anti-anginal medication ( @entity594 and @entity13302 ) was maintained up to the time of the procedure. Monitoring was obtained from ECG, Swan-Ganz catheter fitted out with a fast response-thermistor, and radial artery cannula. Blood samples were withdrawn for plasma @entity955 . Thirty minutes after catheter insertion, baseline data were collected in supine and 45 degrees head-up tilt positions. Following @entity3773 or @entity1338 i.v. injection, three series of measurements (3, 8 and 13 min) were made in supine and tilt positions according to a randomized sequence. The two groups were similar with regard to age, weight, height, @entity453 and treatment. @entity3773 and @entity1338 elicited a similar decrease in mean arterial pressure of 14% in supine position and 20% in head-up tilt position, combined with an exclusive decrease in systolic index i.e. not associated with a change in peripheral vascular resistances. Despite the decrease in arterial pressure, heart rate remained unchanged. Right ventricular ejection fraction was maintained after both @entity3773 and @entity1338 , however end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes decreased, with no modification by tilting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Is XXXX a venodilator?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3773 :: ('MESH:C015568', 'Chemical') :: ['Urapidil', 'urapidil']

entities_list: @entity13302 :: ('MESH:D007547', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial natriuretic factor determination']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

answer: @entity3773 :: (MESH:C015568,Chemical) :: ['urapidil']


abstract: One hundred @entity1 admitted to a centre of interventional cardiology with @entity583 of less than 6 hours, underwent coronary angioplasty of first intention because of contra-indications to thrombolytic therapy (n = 20) or after thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase (n = 54), acylenzymes (n = 12) or tissue type plasminogen activator (n = 14). The indication of angioplasty were those of the TIMI (Thrombolysis in @entity583 ) classification (occluded artery, TIMI grade 0) (n = 60) (suboccluded artery, TIMI grade 1) (n = 40). The criterion of success of angioplasty was an increase greater than 1 of TIMI grade. Reperfusion of the coronary artery was obtained by angioplasty in 95% of failures of thrombolysis and in 90% of @entity1 with contra-indications to thrombolytic therapy. The early reocclusion rate at D1 was 2%. Repeat angioplasty at D1 was successful in both these cases and the arteries were still patent at D21. The reocclusion rate at the third week in 75 @entity1 who underwent control coronary angiography was 5.3%. In @entity1 with @entity432 , immediate angioplasty attained two objectives in the same procedure: a high rate of emergency myocardial reperfusion and a low rate of reocclusion. The average left ventricular ejection fraction (all arteries) significantly improved (+9.2% in absolute values) when the artery remained patent (p less than 0.001), especially when the initial ejection fraction was low. In the @entity1 who had occluded arteries at control angiography at 3 weeks, the ejection fraction decreased (-4% in absolute values) (NS). The following complications were observed: 4 coronary artery dissections and haematomas at the site of femoral puncture in @entity1 who had received thrombolytic therapy (10 drained surgically). The hospital mortality was 3% and global mortality after an average follow-up period of 19.6 months was 5%. Coronary angioplasty in @entity583 carries a low risk and seems to be beneficial in @entity1 with contra-indications to or @entity177 of thrombolysis.

title: [Acute XXXX : immediate coronary angioplasty for @entity177 or contra-indications of thrombolytic therapy. Apropos of a series of 100 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Childhood @entity4289 comprises a group of heterogeneous clinical disorders with overlapping features and many similarities to adult @entity4289 . Environmental factors, genetic predisposition, certain @entity1800 , and impairment of the developing immune system perhaps play a major role in the genesis of the most common disease forms, such as JCMMoL and the monosomy 7 syndrome. One intriguing finding in these disorders is the striking male predominance. @entity4764 occur because @entity6349 manifestations of the hematopoetic systems are usually not as impressive as in adults and because @entity2590 and myeloproliferative disease forms overlap considerably. Despite these problems, we believe that pediatric cases of @entity4289 should also be classified according to the established @entity1334 classification for @entity4289 . However, as has already been proposed earlier by others, JCMMol clearly should be considered as a specific entity different from the adult form of CMMoL. As has been shown by cell culture studies, JCMMoL is characterized by the presence of neoplastic macrophage/monocyte progenitor cells. These cells produce several factors that result in autostimulation and suppression of normal hematopoiesis. @entity4289 is a highly malignant disease in @entity1 and evolves to @entity3052 after a short period. During the early phase of the disease, supportive care is sufficient. If a compatible donor is available, BMT is the treatment of choice and should be performed during the early stage of disease progression after clinical remission is obtained with chemotherapy. If BMT is not feasible, intensive chemotherapy may improve the clinical condition and prolong survival. Preliminary data suggest that the incorporation of hematopoietic growth and/or differentiation factors in chemotherapy and BMT protocols may have some beneficial effects. The only way to accumulate sufficient data on @entity4289 in @entity1 with respect to clinical features, prognosis, and efficacy of treatment is to follow a uniform diagnostic and treatment program. To achieve substantial improvements in the management of childhood @entity4289 , multicenter trials will be essential.

title: Experience in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['Diagnostic difficulties']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognostic markers in curable STS may have the potential to guide therapy after surgical resection. The purpose of this study was to clarify the prognostic impact of the presence of cells and growth factors belonging to the innate immune system in soft @entity242 (STS). The significance of macrophages ( @entity469 ), their growth factor macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( @entity6824 ), its receptor @entity6823 ( @entity6823 ), natural killer cells ( @entity4755 ) and the general immunomodulating molecule ( @entity2533 ) are all controversial in STS. Herein, these markers are evaluated and compared to the cell proliferation marker Ki67. METHODS: Tissue microarrays from 249 @entity1 with non-gastrointestinal (non-GIST) STS were constructed from duplicate cores of viable and representative @entity5 areas and duplicate cores of peritumoral capsule. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of @entity469 , @entity6824 , @entity6823 , @entity4755 , @entity2533 and Ki67 in @entity5 and peritumoral capsule. RESULTS: In univariate analyses increased expression of @entity6824 (P   =   0.034), Ki67 (P   <   0.001) and @entity2533 (P   =   0.003) in @entity5 correlated with shorter @entity66 ( @entity66 ). Increased expression of @entity469 in @entity5 correlated significantly with @entity5 grade (P   =   0.016), but not @entity66 (P   =   0.270). Increased expression of Ki67 in peritumoral capsule tended to correlate with a shorter @entity66 (P   =   0.057). In multivariate analyses, co-expression of @entity6824 and @entity2533 (P   =   0.022) in @entity5 and high expression of Ki67 (P   =   0.019) in peritumoral capsule were independent negative prognostic factors for @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: Increased co-expression of @entity6824 and @entity2533 in @entity5 in @entity1 with STS, and increased expression of Ki67 in peritumoral capsule were independent negative prognostic factors for @entity66 .

title: Prognostic impact of @entity4755 , @entity469 , @entity6824 , @entity6823 , Ki67 and XXXX in soft @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6823 :: ('1436', 'Gene') :: ['colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor', 'CSF-1R']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-beta']


abstract: THE AIM OF WORK: To assess the diagnostic accuracy and clinical significance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the diagnosis of @entity5 . The authors own experiences with use of TEE images in the assessment of @entity5 are reported. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 18 consecutive @entity1 (9 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 ), age range 40-72 years (mean age 60.5+/-10.1) years. Authors prospectively analyzed the results of 615 TEE in nine-years period (between May 1996 - March 2005). RESULTS: We detected 16 @entity4615 in 15 @entity1 , one fibroelastoma, one @entity1822 , and one @entity420 . The fibroelastoma, @entity1822 , and @entity189 were found in right atrium. There was no false negative TEE diagnosis, was one false positive diagnosis, yielding a 95% sensitivity and specifity of TEE in detection @entity5 . Seventeen @entity1 referred for cardiac surgery, and TEE diagnosis was confirmed by pathohistology. @entity1 with right atrial metastatatic adenocarcinoma is not surgically treated. This @entity1 treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy because @entity420 . TTE detected @entity5 in 15 (83%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Results of this work suggested that TEE is a safe procedure, high sensitive and specific, and accurate in the diagnosis of @entity5 . The ability of TEE to visualize both atria with great diagnostic accuracy makes it a very valuable procedure in the detection of @entity5 .

title: [Significance of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tumors', 'atrial tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxomas']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic adenocarcinoma', 'pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['atrial tumor']


abstract: The @entity694 cell line, HT29, produces a soluble substance (HT29 factor) that blocks mitogen-induced T cell proliferation and the production of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ). Inhibition of T cell proliferation by the HT29 factor is reversible and is not due to a decline in cell viability or an alteration in the kinetics of T cell proliferation. It occurs even when the HT29 factor is added only 24 hr before terminating the T cell cultures, indicating that the factor affects cell division after activation of T cells has already occurred. No inhibitory activity was found in medium conditioned by @entity1 colonic epithelial cells or fibroblasts. The factor has an apparent m.w. of 56,000 and an isoelectric point of 7.9. It is sensitive to endopeptidases, heating to 56 degrees C, and extremes of pH. The HT29 factor also suppresses @entity1199 production by T cells. However, low @entity1199 availability alone cannot account for the suppressive effect of the factor on T cell proliferation, because the addition of exogenous @entity1199 does not reverse the inhibition. This block in @entity1199 responsiveness is not primarily due to a decrease in @entity1199 receptors because Tac expression on activated T cells is minimally decreased during a 24-hr exposure to the HT29 factor. In addition, @entity1199 -induced proliferation of mitogen-activated T cells is inhibited only slightly by the HT29 factor, indicating that a block in the interaction of @entity1199 with its receptor is not its main mechanism of action. Thus the inhibition of T cell proliferation is likely to be due primarily to a mechanism independent of @entity1199 .

title: Characterization of an immunosuppressive factor derived from XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: @entity1 a-defensins are potent anti-microbial peptides with the ability to neutralize bacterial and viral targets. Single @entity493 mutagenesis has been used to identify determinants of anti-bacterial activity and binding to bacterial proteins such as @entity6192 lethal factor. Similar analyses of a-defensin interactions with non-enveloped viruses are limited. We used a comprehensive set of @entity1 a- @entity26464 ( @entity26464 ) and @entity1 neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP1) @entity493 scan mutants in a combination of binding and neutralization assays with @entity1 adenovirus (AdV) and @entity1082 ). We have identified a core of critical hydrophobic residues that are common determinants for all of the virus-defensin interactions that were analyzed, while specificity in viral recognition is conferred by specific surface-exposed charged residues. The hydrophobic residues serve multiple roles in maintaining the tertiary and quaternary structure of the defensins as well as forming an interface for virus binding. Many of the important solvent-exposed residues of @entity26464 group together to form a critical surface. However, a single discrete binding face was not identified for HNP1. In lieu of whole AdV, we used a recombinant capsid subunit comprised of penton base and fiber in quantitative binding studies and determined that the anti-viral potency of @entity26464 was a function of stoichiometry rather than affinity. Our studies support a mechanism in which a-defensins depend on hydrophobic and charge-charge interactions to bind at high copy number to these non-enveloped viruses to neutralize infection and provide insight into properties that guide a-defensin anti-viral activity.

title: Delineation of interfaces on @entity1 alpha-defensins critical for XXXX adenovirus and @entity1082 inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10996 ( @entity10996 ) is a common cause of @entity1084 in @entity1 . This study was conducted to identify the accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of infantile @entity2202 . METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Department of Paediatric Surgery, @entity1 Hospital Complex _ the Institute of @entity1 Health, Multan during two year period from 1st July, 2010 to 30t of June, 2012. Fifty @entity1 <8 weeks of age who presented with complaints of @entity391 were included in the study. Abdominal ultrasound was performed in all the cases. On ultrasonography pyloric canal length, diameter and pyloric muscle wall thickness was measured. Open surgery was performed as per indications and after informed consent. The pre-operative findings were compared with ultrasongraphic findings. Study variable were male to female ratio, percentage of - cases in which pyloric mass was palpable. We also compare the duration of onset of symptorms with pyloric canal length, diameter and muscle thickness. RESULTS: In this study, out of 50 @entity1 , 46 (92%) were male and 4 (8%) were females. Gastric peristalsis was visible in 100% @entity1 and mass was palpable in 14 (28%) @entity1 . Pyloric canal length was more than standard in 98% cases; canal diameter was more than the standard in 87% cases and pyloric muscle thickness in 60% of cases. Ultrasonographic findings remained 98% accurate in this study. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography is an investigation of choice for early diagnosis of @entity10996 before significant fluid and electrolyte imbalance occur. It is cost effective, harmless, freely available and easier to perform. Pyloric canal length and diameter are more specific for the diagnosis of @entity10996 than pyloric muscle thickness.

title: Role of ultrasonography in early diagnosis of infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10996 :: ('MESH:C566730', 'Disease') :: ['IHPS', 'Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2202 :: ('MESH:D046248', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic pyloric Stenosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['non-bilious vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity2202 :: (MESH:D046248,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic pyloric stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) @entity198 is a rare association with pediatric neurosurgical pathologies. CASE REPORT: A 13-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with an inoperable, biopsy-proven pontine grade II @entity816 . During radiotherapy, he developed @entity159 controlled by @entity4490 with intubation and ventilation. Empiric @entity3524 and @entity1033 were given. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a normal white cell count, normal @entity413 , and a slightly elevated protein level. However, the CSF showed a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HSV type 1 DNA. Intravenous @entity1033 was given for 21 days and foscarnet for 7 days. He was extubated after 4 weeks at which time he was aphasic with @entity306 . After 8 weeks, MRI brain scan showed the typical bitemporal pattern of @entity10926 . He made slow improvement but died 8 months after diagnosis from @entity5 progression. CONCLUSION: @entity10926 is a rare but life threatening complication in neurosurgical @entity1 . A low threshold for both investigation with CSF PCR and empirical treatment with intravenous @entity1033 is warranted. As in this case, initial microscopic examination of the CSF may be normal. The literature on @entity10926 in neurosurgical @entity1 is discussed.

title: @entity10926 in a XXXX with brain stem glioma: a rare complication of therapy. Case report and review of the neurosurgical literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['aciclovir']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity10926 :: ('MESH:D020803', 'Disease') :: ['HSV encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic diplegia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity692 (HA) coating is believed to improve bone-implant ingrowth and long-term survival of prostheses. Recent studies, however, have challenged this view. Furthermore, HA particles may produce third-body wear and initiate @entity1349 of implants. We report the performance of HA- and porous-coated acetabular cups in a prospective randomized trial. METHODS: This was an 8-year follow-up study of our previously published prospective randomized study to compare clinical outcomes, survival, periprosthetic bone mineral density, migration, and wear rates of HA- and porous-coated acetabular cups. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and Ein Bild Roentgen Analyse (EBRA) measurements were used. 100 @entity1 who underwent unilateral cementless total hip arthroplasty were randomized to either porous-coated cups or HA-coated cups. @entity1 were examined preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 9 months, and also 1, 3, and 8 years after surgery. 81 @entity1 were available for 8-year follow-up, 40 with porous-coated cups and 41 with HA-coated cups. RESULTS: Age, sex, bone mineral density, and clinical results (Harris hip score) were similar in the 2 groups. The survival, wear, and migration patterns of the cups were also similar in both groups. The results of periprosthetic bone mineral density scans in region of interest 2 was in favor of the porous-coated cups, but there were no differences between the 2 groups in all the remaining regions of interest. INTERPRETATION: HA coating had no statistically significant effect on clinical results, survival, wear, or migration at the 8-year follow-up.

title: No superior performance of XXXX -coated acetabular cups over porous-coated cups.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: With the availability of multiple @entity5626 in the US, recommended dosages and dosing schedules vary by agent but actual utilization practices are unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe the utilization and dosage pattern of intravenous @entity5626 for treatment of @entity364 in US hospitals. METHODS: The Premier Perspective Database was used to describe @entity5637 use in 332 US hospitals. Adult @entity1 hospitalized from January, 2006 through June, 2007 with at least one billing record for @entity25928 (Eraxis ** ), @entity11794 (Cancidas dagger ), or @entity1331 (Mycamine double dagger ) were included. Hospitalizations with > 1 @entity5637 or >or= 1 dosage with an FDA approved indication for fungal prophylaxis were excluded. Mixed multivariable models were developed to identify factors associated with mean daily dose. ** Eraxis, a registered trade name owned by Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA dagger Cancidas, a registered trade name owned by Merck _ Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA double dagger @entity1331 , a registered trade name owned by Astellas Pharma US, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA. RESULTS: The number of unique @entity1 hospitalizations was 708 for @entity25928 , 15 739 for @entity11794 , and 1199 for @entity1331 . A single @entity5637 was utilized at 88.6% of hospitals. @entity1331 @entity1 had the highest prevalence of @entity5 , bone marrow transplant, solid organ transplant, @entity645 / @entity791 , @entity364 , and @entity1398 . Mean day 1 dose of @entity5637 therapy was 171.2 +/- 85.4 mg, 79.7 +/- 25.6 mg, and 154.3 +/- 67.3 mg; and mean day 2 onwards dose was 98.7 +/- 39.4 mg, 53.1 +/- 12.5 mg, 122.6 +/- 39.4 mg for @entity25928 , @entity11794 and @entity1331 , respectively. Commonly used loading doses were 200 mg (55.6%) for @entity25928 , 70 mg (57.2%) for @entity11794 , and 200 mg (21.2%) for @entity1331 . The first-day dose of @entity5637 therapy (vs. subsequent days) was most strongly associated with mean daily dose. CONCLUSIONS: In hospital practice, the mean dosages were consistent with the recommended loading and maintenance dosages for @entity11794 and @entity25928 . @entity1 frequently received a loading dose of > 150 mg on day 1 of @entity1331 which was inconsistent with recommended dosing schedules. @entity1331 maintenance dosages > 100 mg were also commonly used. Lack of information on reason for initiating @entity5637 therapy was an important study limitation.

title: Utilization and dosage pattern of XXXX for treatment of @entity364 in US hospital practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['Mycamine', 'micafungin', 'Micafungin']

entities_list: @entity25928 :: ('MESH:C102786', 'Chemical') :: ['anidulafungin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5637 :: ('CHEBI:57248', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandin']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity5626 :: (MESH:D054714,Chemical) :: ['echinocandins']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine how family physicians in the United States treat acute @entity3617 in an otherwise healthy adult. METHODS: A 33-item questionnaire on the diagnosis and treatment of acute @entity3617 was mailed to a random sample of 500 physicians who are members of the American Board of Family Practice. RESULTS: Thirty-two of the 500 sampled physicians could not be located by mail; 265 of those who received the questionnaire responded. The response rate was 57% (265/468). Sixty-three percent of responding physicians indicated that antibiotics are their first choice of treatment for the otherwise healthy, nonsmoking adult with acute @entity3617 . The decision to use antibiotics as the first choice of treatment did not vary by physician's sex, age, years in practice, practice location, practice type, or percentage of HMO @entity1 . Only 6% of responding physicians reported using @entity2263 agonist bronchodilators as their first choice of treatment. Physicians in this study stated that they prescribe an antibiotic 75% of the time in treating nonsmoking @entity1 with acute @entity3617 (first choice or otherwise). If the @entity1 is a smoker, physicians reported that they prescribe antibiotics 90% of the time (F = 110.25; df = 1; P > .0001). Physicians reported that for @entity1 who smoke it takes longer for coughs to totally resolve and longer for them to return to a normal activity level than for nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS: Family physicians report that antibiotics are their most common treatment for acute @entity3617 in the otherwise healthy adult. Previous clinical trials have shown only marginal improvement in symptoms when @entity1 with this condition are treated with an antibiotic. With antibiotic resistance emerging as a major global health problem, it is essential that other methods of treatment be evaluated.

title: Treatment of acute XXXX in adults. A national survey of family physicians.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the preoperative, operative and postoperative risk factors affecting early mortality in @entity1 who underwent total correction of @entity215 ( @entity215 ). METHODS: One hundred and twenty-two @entity215 @entity1 who underwent reparative surgery between January 2010 and November 2013 were enrolled in the study. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age and weight was 2.3        2.5   years and 11.3        6.4   kg, respectively. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 101 @entity1 (83%),and @entity301 were found in 11 @entity1 . Mean McGoon index, pulmonary annulus z-score, main pulmonary artery z-score, left pulmonary artery z-score and right pulmonary artery z-score were 2.0        0.4, -1.85        1.54, -2.84        2.06, 1.17        1.73, and 0.74        1.57, respectively. Total reparative surgery with a transannular patch was performed in 97 @entity1 (79.6%); the rest underwent valve-sparing surgery. Median duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, intensive care and hospital stay were 19   h, 3   days and 9   days, respectively. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was required in 10 @entity1 in the postoperative early period. @entity943 occurring in the early postoperative period were junctional ectopic @entity591 (n   =   13), complete @entity713 (n   =   10; permanent epicardial pacemaker implanted in four) and @entity1165 (n   =   4). Nine @entity1 died in the early postoperative period (7.3%). Parameters found to be associated with increased mortality were low preoperative @entity26 saturation; high right ventricular/aortic pressure ratio immediately after surgery; presence of @entity301 ; requirement of postoperative ECMO; and pacemaker (P   =   0.02, P   =   0.04, P   =   0.01, P   =   0.0001, P   =   0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Poor preoperative oxygenation, presence of @entity301 , @entity713 in the early postoperative period, high RV pressure and requirement of ECMO appear to be the most significant factors that affect early mortality in the surgical treatment of @entity215 . Appropriate preoperative assessment, correct surgical strategies and attentive intensive care monitoring are required in order to reduce mortality.

title: Factors affecting perioperative mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary anomalies', 'coronary anomaly']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['complete AV block', 'atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmias']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: @entity60 knockout @entity19 (GKO) rejected C26 @entity694 cells transduced to secrete interleukin(IL)-12 but do not reject similarly transduced @entity10319 mammary @entity420 (C26/12 and @entity10319 /12 cells, respectively). To determine whether such difference could be because of a different @entity5 response to @entity60 , we injected BALB/c @entity19 with @entity10319 , C26, and their IL-12-transduced counterparts rendered unresponsive to @entity60 by stable transduction of a @entity549 ( @entity549 ), truncated @entity60 receptor alpha chain. @entity10319 / @entity549 and C26/ @entity549 showed the same in vivo growth kinetics as parental cells, whereas coexpression of IL-12 induced rejection independent of @entity5 -cell responsiveness to @entity60 . This suggests that the role of @entity60 is primarily in activating the host immune response, which appears to depend on the intrinsic immunogenicity of the @entity5 . C26 and @entity10319 share a common @entity5 -associated antigen, yet C26 cells are more immunogenic than @entity10319 . C26/12 expressed 10-fold higher levels of class I MHC molecules and induced higher CTL activity compared with @entity10319 /12 cells in GKO @entity19 . Moreover, whereas in GKO @entity19 the @entity10319 /12 @entity5 was associated with a greater number of infiltrating T cells, only those infiltrating C26/12 @entity5 expressed the activation marker OX40. The search for cytokine(s) that might contribute in determining the different T-cell response to these IL-12-transduced @entity5 in GKO @entity19 revealed a role of @entity21692 . In situ hybridization showed @entity21692 expression in C26/12 but not in @entity10319 /12 @entity5 . In addition, injection of GKO @entity19 with soluble @entity21692 receptor-alpha to block @entity21692 expression prevented rejection of C26/12 cells. Together, the results suggest that in the absence of @entity60 , IL-12 can exert antitumor activity through alternative mechanisms, depending on the @entity5 cell type and the availability of cytokines that can replace @entity60 in sustaining T-cell functions.

title: Antitumor effect of interleukin (IL)-12 in the absence of endogenous @entity60 : a role for intrinsic XXXX immunogenicity and @entity21692 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'target tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'dominant negative']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity3794 is characterized by accumulation of activated fibroblasts that produce excessive amounts of extracellular matrix components such as collagen type I. However, the dynamics and activation signatures of fibroblasts during fibrogenesis remain poorly understood, especially in  vivo. We examined changes in lung tissue cell populations and in the phenotype of activated fibroblasts after acute injury in a model of @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 . Despite clustering of collagen type I-producing fibroblasts in fibrotic regions, flow cytometry-based quantitative analysis of whole lungs revealed that the number of fibroblasts in the lungs remained constant. At the peak of @entity32 , fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis were both increased, suggesting that the clustering was not merely a result of proliferation, but also of fibroblast migration from nearby alveolar walls. Parabiosis experiments demonstrated that fibroblasts were not supplied from the circulation. Comprehensive gene expression analysis of freshly isolated fibroblasts revealed a detailed activation signature associated with fibrogenesis, including changes in genes responsible for migration and extracellular matrix construction. The @entity1096 gene, which encodes @entity1096 , was highly up-regulated and was an identifying characteristic of activated fibroblasts present at the sites of remodeling. @entity1096 may serve as a useful marker of profibrotic fibroblasts. These results provide insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying @entity3794 and provide a foundation for development of specific antifibrotic therapies.

title: Qualitative rather than quantitative changes are hallmarks of fibroblasts in @entity1732 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary fibrosis', 'pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1096 :: ('6696', 'Gene') :: ['Spp1', 'osteopontin', 'Osteopontin']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: The effect of hyperosmotic agents on cochlear blood flow (CBF) was tested in normal @entity840 and in @entity840 having prior unilateral operations to ablate the endolymphatic duct. Laser-Doppler-measured CBF was normalized to remove apparent changes related directly to systemic blood pressure. Hyperosmotic fluids were given via venous infusion: @entity653 (20% and 40% solutions), @entity1133 (10%, 30%, and 40% solutions), and @entity2656 (40% solution). All agents were dissolved in 0.9% saline and the mixtures were given at a rate of 0.3 to 0.6 mL/min for 5 minutes. Control infusions were of 0.9% saline and isotonic dextran 70 (Pharmacia). All hyperosmotic infusions resulted in similar increases in normalized cochlear blood flow (nCBF) that extended to a maximum of 300% of the baseline value in a dose-dependent way during the infusion time period. Within approximately 30 minutes following infusions, nCBF had returned to baseline levels. Saline infusion alone had little effect on nCBF, but isotonic dextran 70 gave a sustained increase to 122% of the baseline levels. There was no difference between the responses of nCBF in hydropic and normal cochleas for either control or hyperosmotic solutions. Measurements of systemic hematocrit at time intervals during and following the infusions showed that transient reductions of up to approximately 8% (for the maximum osmotic challenge) occurred during the infusion. It is concluded that the hyperosmotic treatments tested here are equally effective for short-term enhancements of nCBF in both normal and hydropic cochleas. The basis of the flow increase is partially rheologic and partially due to a local vasodilation.

title: Cochlear blood flow and microvascular resistance changes in response to hypertonic @entity653 , XXXX , and @entity2656 infusions.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity1133 :: (MESH:D014508,Chemical) :: ['urea']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the ability of helical computed tomography (CT) including multiplanar reformatting and volume rendering (3D CT) to predict collecting system entry at surgery, as helical CT can be used to delineate @entity703 and normal renal anatomy before @entity4295 ( @entity4295 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Knowledge of the possibility of collecting system entry during surgery might either dissuade some surgeons from @entity4295 in elective situations or influence the operative approach or ablative technology in cases where @entity4295 is imperative, or prepare the surgeon for the possibility of collecting system repair. We reviewed all 3D CT (349 scans) obtained before @entity4295 at our institution over three consecutive years. @entity5 size, central @entity5 extension, and presence of calyceal involvement were prospectively recorded at the time of 3D rendering. Collecting system entry was analysed for these three CT variables, and for three clinical variables ( @entity5 side, size and surgical approach) collected retrospectively from the medical records. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS: Of 344 @entity1 , 170 had collecting system entry reported at surgery. There were statistically significant associations between collecting system entry and central @entity5 location by CT (sensitivity 58.8%, specificity 80.5%, P < 0.001), calyceal involvement at CT (sensitivity 53.5%, specificity 78.2%, P < 0.001), and @entity5 size on CT of > 4 cm (sensitivity 39.4%, specificity 74.7%, P = 0.005). There were no significant associations with side or type of surgery (P > 0.83). CONCLUSION: Helical CT is a reliable predictor of calyceal entry at surgery.

title: The predictive value of helical computed tomography for collecting-system entry during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['NSS', 'nephron-sparing surgery']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumour']

answer: @entity4295 :: (MESH:D007683,Disease) :: ['nephron-sparing surgery']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1904 (PCT) biomarker is suggested to tailor antibiotic therapy in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) but studies in perioperative medicine are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine whether PCT reported thresholds are associated with the initial treatment response in perioperative @entity326 secondary to @entity1320 . METHODS: This single ICU, observational study included @entity1 with perioperative septic shocks secondary to @entity1320 . Demographics, PCT at days 0, 1, 3, 5, treatment response and outcome were collected. Treatment failure included death related to the @entity281 , second source control treatment or a new onset @entity1320 . The primary endpoint was to assess whether PCT thresholds (0.5  ng/ml or a drop from the peak of at least 80%) predict the initial treatment response. RESULTS: We included 101 consecutive cases. Initial treatment failed in 36 @entity1 with a subsequent mortality of 75%. Upon admission, PCT was doubled when treatment ultimately failed (21.7 ng/ml    38.7 vs. 41.7 ng/ml    75.7; P = 0.04). Although 95% of the @entity1 in whom PCT dropped down below 0.5 ng/ml responded to treatment, 50% of the @entity1 in whom PCT remained above 0.5 ng/ml also responded successfully to treatment. Moreover, despite a PCT drop of at least 80%, 40% of @entity1 had treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: In perioperative @entity1320 with shock, PCT decrease to 0.5 ng/ml lacked sensitivity to predict treatment response and its decrease of at least 80% from its peak failed to accurately predict treatment response. Studies in perioperative severe @entity281 are needed before using PCT to tailor antibiotic use in this population.

title: @entity1904 biomarker kinetics fails to predict treatment response in perioperative @entity1320 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'initial infection']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infection', 'intra-abdominal infections']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: Computed tomography (CT) remains the main imaging technique for the preoperative staging and post-therapeutic evaluation of @entity153 . Spiral CT has already overcome some of the problems encountered with central or more extensive @entity5 . Multislice CT offers further improvement and allows for scanning of the whole chest within a single breath-hold using a thin-section high-resolution technique. Problem-adapted sections in arbitrary directions become available and provide an excellent spatial resolution. One can expect improved accuracy for the evaluation of transfissural @entity5 growth, chest wall involvement, mediastinal infiltration and lymph node staging. Despite recent advances in magnetic resonance (MR) techniques for imaging the chest, the role of MR for staging of @entity153 remains limited. It offers advantages such as the assessment of chest-wall involvement or mediastinal involvement in @entity1 in whom CT remains equivocal. Lymph-node-specific MR contrast agents offer new diagnostic potential for the assessment of metastatic disease. New techniques for the display of three-dimensional data sets include volume rendering and virtual bronchoscopy. These techniques represent new tools for the evaluation and demonstration of pathology within the central tracheobronchial tree. Their most important application is the guidance of bronchoscopic biopsies. The assessment of an indeterminate pulmonary nodule is frequently based on positron emission tomography imaging. As an alternative, nodule vascularization (contrast enhancement patterns on CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), @entity730 (absorption characteristics at various X-ray energies on CT or dual energy radiography), and morphological features (high resolution imaging at CT) can be used as the basis for nodule differentiation. The dynamics of contrast enhancement in CT or MRI can also be used for the assessment of @entity5 viability after chemotherapy. @entity2 screening programmes are still controversial. Low-dose computed tomography scanning and computed assisted detection algorithms based on chest radiographs or computed tomography scans form the technical basis for such projects.

title: New imaging techniques in the treatment guidelines for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if antiseptic central venous catheters impregnated with @entity1217 and @entity1216 (antiseptic) reduce bacterial adherence and biofilm formation without producing local or systemic @entity137 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Experimental laboratory in a university teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Ten outbred New Hampshire @entity1707 . INTERVENTIONS: Nonimpregnated (control) and antiseptic-impregnated catheters were inserted intravascularly into @entity1707 for 7 days. After explantation, the catheters were assessed for bacterial adherence and biofilm formation, and the surrounding tissue was assessed for signs of @entity137 . Before retrieval, systemic concentrations of antimicrobials were determined. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Sequential roll plate and centrifuging were used to detect moderately and tightly adherent bacteria on the outer and luminal surfaces of the catheter. The presence of biofilm was detected by scanning electron microscopy. Tissues surrounding the catheters were examined histopathologically; systemic concentrations of @entity1216 , @entity4766 , and @entity575 were determined by atomic absorption and high-performance liquid chromatography. As compared with the controls, antiseptic catheters had significantly (p < .01) fewer moderately and tightly adherent bacteria on outer and luminal surfaces, and fewer adherent bacteria when outer surfaces alone were examined (p < .01). Scanning electron microscopy showed bacterial biofilm and adherence on the control catheters but not on the antiseptic catheters. There were no abnormal histopathologic changes associated with the test catheter, and serum concentrations of the antibacterial agents were shown to be within nontoxic ranges. CONCLUSION: The antiseptic-impregnated catheters prevented bacterial adherence and biofilm formation and produced no local or systemic @entity137 .

title: Decreased bacterial adherence and biofilm formation on @entity1216 and XXXX -impregnated central venous catheters implanted in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity4766 :: ('MESH:D013411', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1217 :: ('MESH:D012837', 'Chemical') :: ['silver sulfadiazine']

answer: @entity1217 :: (MESH:D012837,Chemical) :: ['silver sulfadiazine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e16030 Background: To determine feasibility and efficacy of @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) with @entity900 , @entity1487 and cetuximab, followed by concurrent cetuximab and radiotherapy (RTCT), in @entity1 with stage III-IV, non metastatic, @entity135 . METHODS: @entity7730 consisted of two cycles of @entity900 100 mg/m(2) and @entity1487 1,000 mg/m(2)i.v.c. d1-4 q28, and weekly cetuximab 250 mg/m(2) (after loading dose of 400 mg/m(2)) followed by RTCT. Staging and restaging procedures include CT, MRI and @entity419 PET scan. All @entity1 received IMRT. The total dose delivered was 70/60/50 Gy in 2Gy/fx to macroscopic and metabolic active disease/nodal high-risk areas of microscopic disease/nodal low risk areas. @entity137 was recorded and scored according to the NCI-CTC 3.0 scale. A one-stage design tested the null hypothesis that the true objective response rate is <= 60% versus the alternative hypothesis that it exceeds 60%. Assuming a type I error rate of 5% and a power of 80%, this trial required 37 response-evaluable @entity1 . Actually 19 have completed the whole treatment and results are show below. RESULTS: From October 2008 to July 2010, 19 @entity1 have been evaluated. The median age was 58 years (range 37-70 years). All @entity1 had a good performance status (ECOG Score 0-1). Stage was III/IVa-b in 3/16. @entity5 location was oral cavity/pharynx/larynx in 5/10/4. During @entity7730 grade 3-4 hemathological @entity137 was: NEU/PLT/HB in 5/2/1 @entity1 . Only one @entity221 have been recorded. @entity1272 was mild (Grade 1) in 10 @entity1 . Overall response rate to @entity7730 was 17/19 (89.4%). During RTCT grade 2-3 @entity137 and @entity33 was in 11 and 12 @entity1 respectively. One @entity1 drop off treatment due to declining in performance status. Thus 18 @entity1 are evaluable for clinical response. Complete response rate was recorded in 14/19 @entity1 (73.7%). After a median of follow-up of 13 mounths, only 2 @entity1 experienced progression (one local the other pulmonary). CONCLUSIONS: This regimen seems safer than those that include @entity1205 induction schemes.

title: Induction chemotherapy with XXXX , @entity1487 , and cetuximab followed by radiotherapy and cetuximad in @entity135 : Preliminary results of a modern integrated approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['Hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['ICT', 'induction chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity737 ( @entity737 ) is a simple, office-based procedure with minimal morbidity that was introduced in 2003 to treat snoring and mild/moderate @entity27 ( @entity27 ). We studied the: (1) success rate using subjective symptoms and objective polysomnographic improvement; (2) success rate based on BMI, @entity27 severity and Friedman tongue position (FTP); and (3) its value as an adjunctive or revision procedure. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective review of 125 @entity1 who underwent the @entity737 for snoring and @entity27 . @entity1 were grouped: Group I had @entity737 only (n = 29); Group II received adjunctive nasal procedures (n = 37), Group III received adjunctive oropharyngeal procedures (n = 55); and Group IV had failed previous UPPP (n = 4). RESULTS: Overall subjective and objective "cure" rates were 88.0% and 34.4%, respectively. Group IIb had the best objective cure rate of 46.7%. Neither AHI nor BMI correlated with outcome measures, whereas FTP did correlate. (FTP I and II had improved success vs FTP III and IV). Ten @entity1 had partial extrusion of the @entity737 . These were removed and new @entity737 were carried out at a later date. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a short-term study, the @entity737 is an effective treatment for snoring and @entity27 in selected @entity1 and can be combined with adjunctive procedures to treat @entity27 .

title: XXXX selection and efficacy of pillar implant technique for treatment of snoring and @entity27 .

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['PIT', 'Pillar implant']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome', 'OSAHS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity61200 ( @entity61200 ) is a @entity2118 . Although several cases of @entity61200 have been reported, no clinicopathologic studies of the condition have been published in the English-language literature. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and histologic findings of @entity61200 . METHODS: Between 1999 and 2009, 30 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity61200 in our Department of Dermatology. Medical records, clinical photographs, and pathologic findings for each @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The @entity1 included 16 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 . The mean age at onset was 14.27 years. The trunk was the most common site of involvement. Microscopic examination showed an increased level of melanin pigment in the basal cell layer compared with adjacent normal skin, although no significant difference existed in the number of melanocytes. @entity322 was observed in 13 of 30 cases. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in prevalence, age at onset, and duration of lesions between male and female @entity1 with @entity61200 . The lesions corresponded to the lines of Blaschko and were localized rather than exhibiting diffuse patterns. A common feature of the histopathologic findings was higher melanin content in the lesions than in normal skin but with no significant difference in the number of melanocytes.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity61200 :: ('MESH:C564163', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive cribriform and zosteriform hyperpigmentation', 'PCZH']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Pigmentary incontinence']

answer: @entity61200 :: (MESH:C564163,Disease) :: ['Progressive cribriform and zosteriform hyperpigmentation']


abstract: Outcome studies after @entity130 have become increasingly important as overall mortality from injury has decreased. The present study, concerning physical and psychosocial aspects, is the second part of our larger survey of outcome after burn. The basis of our study instrument was the Abbreviated Burn Specific Health Scale. A postal survey was conducted among 315 @entity1 aged 15-65 years, treated at T    l   Hospital Burns Unit between 11 November 1988 and 31 December 1994. The study series analysed consisted of 124 @entity1 , whose mean total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 13.0%, mean full-thickness (FT) burns 6.2%, mean age 37 years and mean time of hospital treatment 16 days. Statistical analyses were performed with non-parametric tests and a probability level of 0.05 as the limit of statistical significance. Physical function was affected by the severity of the burn and by hand burns. Body image was influenced by FT burns but not by hand or @entity8494 . Sexual life was affected by FT burns larger than 20%. @entity1 older than 25 years, those with TBSA greater than 30%, FT greater than 20% or time of hospitalization over one month were concerned about their general health. The effect of burns on @entity1 ' physical and psychosocial life was, however, slight, even with respect to severe @entity130 .

title: Health status after recovery from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8494 :: ('MESH:D005151', 'Disease') :: ['facial injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether the concomitant use of @entity4480 with prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or @entity117 was associated with an increased risk for @entity360 compared with taking these analgesics alone. METHODS: Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Research Databases were examined for hospital admissions of adult @entity1 indexed from January 1, 2007-December 31, 2011. Cases were @entity1 with @entity360 or @entity10189 . Controls were randomly selected from the remaining admissions to match 10:1 with cases based on age, sex, and admission date. Prescription medication exposure groups of interest were: 1) no exposure to @entity4480 , NSAIDs or @entity117 ; 2) @entity4480 only; 3) NSAIDs or @entity117 only; 4) @entity4480 plus NSAIDs or @entity117 . Logistic regression and relative excess risk due to interaction was utilized to estimate any increased risk of @entity360 for @entity1 prescribed these medications across these groups. RESULTS: There were 33,571 cases and 335,710 controls identified. Comparing exposure group 2 and group 4, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94, 1.12), and the adjusted relative excess risk due to interaction was 0.352 (95% CI: -0.18, 0.72) for risk of @entity360 , neither of which support an increased risk or an interaction between @entity4480 and prescription NSAID or @entity117 for these events. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence of an increased risk for @entity360 when @entity4480 was taken with prescription NSAIDs or @entity117 . In addition, there was no evidence of an interaction between @entity4480 and prescription NSAIDs or @entity117 for an increased risk of these events.

title: Observational study of @entity360 events in XXXX taking @entity4480 and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a case-control analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding', 'UGI bleeding', 'UGI hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity8580 requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1) is highly conserved from @entity375 to @entity1 . Upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, IRE1 activates @entity61407 ( @entity61407 ) by unconventional splicing of @entity61407 mRNA, which activates unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER homeostasis. In @entity19 , @entity48354 plays an essential role in extraembryonic tissues. However, its precise action during the early stage of development is unknown. In this study, the gain and loss-of-function analyses were used to investigate the function of @entity1238 @entity48354 (xIRE1a). The effects of xIRE1a during embryo development were detected with RT-PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization. ER stress was induced by @entity2425 . The apoptotic cells were measured by TUNNEL assays. Although both gain and loss of xIRE1a function had no significant effect on @entity1238 embryogenesis, knockdown of xIRE1a could rescue @entity2425 -induced @entity245 and apoptosis. The finding indicates that xIRE1a is not required for embryogenesis but is required for @entity2425 -induced @entity245 and apoptosis in @entity1238 .

title: XXXX knockdown rescues @entity2425 -induced @entity245 and apoptosis in @entity1238 .

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'Xenopus']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['Inositol']

entities_list: @entity2425 :: ('MESH:D014415', 'Chemical') :: ['tunicamycin']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental defects']

answer: @entity48354 :: (78943(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IRE1a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the association between home use of solvents and paint and the risk of @entity1778 . OBJECTIVES: In this case-control study, we examined whether the use of paint and petroleum solvents at home before birth and in early childhood influenced the risk of @entity1778 in @entity1 . METHODS: We based our analyses on 550 cases of @entity981 ( @entity981 ), 100 cases of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), and one or two controls per case individually matched for sex, age, Hispanic status, and race. We conducted further analyses by cytogenetic subtype. We used conditional logistic regression techniques to adjust for income. RESULTS: @entity981 risk was significantly associated with paint exposure [odds ratio (OR) = 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26-2.15], with a higher risk observed when paint was used postnatally, by a @entity1 other than the mother, or frequently. The association was restricted to @entity1778 with translocations between chromosomes 12 and 21 (OR = 4.16; 95% CI, 1.66-10.4). We found no significant association between solvent use and @entity981 risk overall (OR = 1.15; 95% CI, 0.87-1.51) or for various cytogenetic subtypes, but we observed a significant association in the 2.0- to 5.9-year age group (OR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.07-2.25). In contrast, a significant increased risk for @entity3052 was associated with solvent (OR = 2.54; 95% CI, 1.19-5.42) but not with paint exposure (OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.32-1.25). CONCLUSIONS: The association of @entity981 risk with paint exposure was strong, consistent with a causal relationship, but further studies are needed to confirm the association of @entity981 and @entity3052 risk with solvent exposure.

title: Household exposure to paint and petroleum solvents, chromosomal translocations, and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'childhood leukemia']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['childhood leukemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic left @entity1165 with a QRS pattern of @entity714 and @entity2270 constitutes a rare but electrophysiologically distinct @entity943 entity. The underlying mechanism of this @entity591 , however, is still a matter of controversy. This report describes findings in a 42-year-old @entity1 who underwent successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of idiopathic left @entity1165 . METHODS AND RESULTS: On electrophysiologic study, the @entity591 was reproducibly induced and terminated with double ventricular extrastimuli. Intravenous @entity1855 terminated the @entity591 whereas @entity859 did not. Detailed left ventricular catheter mapping during sinus rhythm revealed a fragmented delayed potential at the mid-apical region of the inferior site near the posterior fascicle of the left bundle branch. At the same site, continuous electrical activity throughout the entire cardiac cycle was recorded during @entity1165 . Repeated spontaneous termination of this continuous electrical activity in late diastole was followed immediately by termination of the @entity591 . Single application of radiofrequency current for 20 seconds at this site completely abolished inducibility of the @entity591 . After catheter ablation, at the identical site of preablation recording of the fractionated potential during sinus rhythm, no fragmented delayed activity could be recorded. There was no complication from the ablation procedure. CONCLUSION: The preablation recordings of fragmented delayed potentials during sinus rhythm and continuous diastolic electrical activity during @entity591 , together with ablation characteristics and previously reported electrophysiologic properties of this @entity943 , may further support microreentry as the underlying mechanism in idiopathic left @entity1165 .

title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of idiopathic left XXXX : further evidence for microeentry as the underlying mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['left-axis deviation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: CASE DESCRIPTION: A 3-year-old female squirrel monkey ( @entity11420 sciureus) was examined because of sudden onset of lethargy and fever. CLINICAL FINDINGS: On initial examination, the monkey was weak and febrile and had @entity4125 on both thoracic limbs. Following collection, blood samples were slow to clot. During the next week, the monkey developed @entity417 and @entity882 ; @entity5092 was isolated from blood samples. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Treatment with @entity801 resulted in the monkey's gradual return to health, but inguinal @entity3329 developed after drug administration was discontinued. @entity5092 was isolated from a fine-needle aspirate of an enlarged lymph node. Treatment with @entity3639 resulted in resolution of @entity281 . By use of biochemical and molecular tests, the microbial isolate was characterized as @entity31214 . Results of a microagglutination assay confirmed that the monkey had developed serum antibodies against @entity5092 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: With timely diagnosis, treatment of @entity6588 in the squirrel monkey was successful. @entity5092 is the cause of a highly infectious zoonotic disease, and @entity281 with this microorganism is enzootic in wildlife throughout the Northern Hemisphere. @entity6588 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile disease in animals of any species. Even limited or indirect exposure of @entity1 or other animals to outdoor environments in which reservoir hosts and arthropod vectors are present can lead to transmission of @entity5092 . @entity5092 is a class A agent of bioterrorism, and all cases of @entity6588 (regardless of species) should be reported to public health officials.

title: XXXX as a cause of fever in a squirrel monkey.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['F tularensis', 'Francisella tularensis']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['petechiae']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6588 :: ('MESH:D014406', 'Disease') :: ['tularemia', 'Tularemia']

entities_list: @entity31214 :: ('119857', 'Species') :: ['F tularensis subsp holarctica']

entities_list: @entity11420 :: ('9521', 'Species') :: ['Saimiri sciureus']

answer: @entity6588 :: (MESH:D014406,Disease) :: ['Tularemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity75 ( @entity75 ) has been proposed as a treatment option for severe @entity4676 on the basis of findings from open-label series and small double-blind trials. We aimed to further assess the safety and efficacy of bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) @entity75 in @entity1 's with severe @entity4676 . METHODS: In a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial, we recruited eligible @entity1 (severe medically refractory @entity4676 , age >= 20 years) from two clinics for @entity717 in the UK. Enrolled @entity1 received surgery for GPi @entity75 and then were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio (computer-generated pairwise randomisation according to order of enrolment) to receive either stimulation on-first or stimulation off-first for 3 months, followed by a switch to the opposite condition for a further 3 month period. @entity1 and rating clinicians were masked to treatment allocation; an unmasked clinician was responsible for programming the stimulation. The primary endpoint was difference in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) total score between the two blinded conditions, assessed with repeated measures ANOVA, in all @entity1 who completed assessments during both blinded periods. After the end of the blinded crossover phase, all @entity1 were offered continued @entity75 and continued to have open-label stimulation adjustments and objective assessments of tic severity until database lock 1 month after the final @entity1 's final trial-related visit. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01647269. FINDINGS: Between Nov 5, 2009, and Oct 16, 2013, we enrolled 15 @entity1 (11 @entity1 , four @entity1 ; mean age 34  7 years [SD 10  0]). 14 @entity1 were randomly assigned and 13 completed assessments in both blinded periods (seven in the on-first group, six in the off-first group). Mean YGTSS total score in these 13 @entity1 was 87  9 (SD 9  2) at baseline, 80  7 (SD 12  0) for the off-stimulation period, and 68  3 (SD 18  6) for the on-stimulation period. Pairwise comparisons in YGTSS total scores after Bonferroni correction were significantly lower at the end of the on-stimulation period compared with the off-stimulation period, with a mean improvement of 12  4 points (95% CI 0  1-24  7, p=0  048), equivalent to a difference of 15  3% (95% CI 5  3-25  3). All 15 @entity1 received stimulation in the open-label phase. Overall, three serious adverse events occurred (two infections in @entity75 hardware at 2 and 7 weeks postoperatively, and one episode of deep-brain-stimulation-induced hypomania during the blinded on-stimulation period); all three resolved with treatment. INTERPRETATION: GPi stimulation led to a significant improvement in tic severity, with an overall acceptable safety profile. Future research should concentrate on identifying the most effective target for @entity75 to control both tics and associated comorbidities, and further clarify factors that predict individual @entity1 response. FUNDING: UK National Health Service.

title: Bilateral globus pallidus stimulation for severe XXXX : a double-blind, randomised crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Deep brain stimulation', 'DBS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['tertiary movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ["Tourette's syndrome"]

answer: @entity4676 :: (MESH:D005879,Disease) :: ['Tourette's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact primary care referral has on subsequent @entity341 ( @entity341 ) utilization. METHODS: Uninsured @entity341 @entity1 who reported not having a primary care (PC) provider were referred to PC services at a @entity497 ( @entity497 ). The number of @entity497 visits completed was documented and the utilization rates of hospital-based services (i.e., @entity341 visits, outpatient clinic visits, and admissions) were compared for @entity1 who completed a @entity497 visit and those who did not before and after referral. RESULTS: Of the 655 referred @entity1 , 22% completed at least one @entity497 visit. @entity1 who completed a visit were more likely to be older, to be female, and to have a chronic medical problem (p = 0.001). The number of visits to the @entity497 was significantly related to the payment method. Only 19% of those who were self-pay completed three or more @entity497 visits, compared with 63% of those who qualified for a sliding fee or insurance (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in pre- or post- @entity341 utilization between those who completed a @entity497 visit and those who did not. The only significant difference in utilization between the two study groups was for subsequent outpatient visits. @entity1 who completed a @entity497 visit were more likely to receive outpatient specialty care (23%) compared with @entity1 who did not (12%) (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: For uninsured @entity1 with no regular health care provider, improving access to primary care services is not enough to reduce their visits to the @entity341 .

title: Referral of medically uninsured XXXX @entity1 to primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community health center', 'CHC']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2002, the UK's National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) concluded that interferon beta and @entity1638 would be cost effective as disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for @entity15 only if the short-term disability benefits reported in clinical trials were maintained. The UK @entity15 @entity24602 ( @entity24602 ) was established to assess whether disability progression was consistent with a cost-effectiveness target of   36   000 per quality-adjusted life-year projected over 20 years. We aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these DMTs by comparing a cohort of @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 enrolled in the UK @entity24602 with a natural history cohort from British Columbia, Canada. METHODS: In our clinical cohort we included @entity1 starting a DMT who were enrolled in the UK @entity24602 who had relapsing @entity15 at baseline and had at least one further clinical assessment. In our control cohort we included @entity1 in the @entity15 ( @entity15 ; data collection 1980-96) who met the same eligibility criteria as for the @entity24602 cohort. We compared disability progression at 6 years for @entity24602 @entity1 with untreated progression modelled from @entity15 @entity1 using continuous Markov and multilevel models. The primary outcomes were the progression ratio (treated vs untreated) measured both in @entity717 ( @entity717 ) score and utility. A ratio of less than 100% for @entity717 implied slower than expected progression on treatment compared with off treatment; a utility ratio of 62% or less implied that the DMTs were cost effective. FINDINGS: 5610 @entity1 starting a DMT were enrolled in the UK @entity24602 between Jan 14, 2002, and July 13, 2005 (72 sites), of whom 4137 were included in our clinical cohort. We included 898 @entity15 @entity1 in the control cohort who met the @entity24602 inclusion criteria and had at least one @entity717 score after baseline. @entity24602 @entity1 had a mean follow-up of 5  1 years (SD 1  4). Both models showed slower @entity717 progression than predicted for untreated controls (Markov model, 75  8% [95% CI 71  4-80  2]; multilevel model, 60  0% [56  6-63  4]). Utility ratios were consistent with cost-effectiveness (Markov model, 58  5% [95% CI 54  2-62  8]; multilevel model, 57  1% [53  0-61  2]). INTERPRETATION: Findings from this large observational study of treatment with interferon beta or @entity1638 provide evidence that their effects on disability in @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 are maintained and cost effective over 6 years. Similar modelling approaches could be applied to other @entity102 for which long-term controlled trials are not feasible. FUNDING: Health Departments of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Bayer Schering Pharmaceuticals, Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries, UK National Institute of Health Research's Health Technology Assessment Programme.

title: Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interferon beta and XXXX in the UK @entity15 @entity24602 at 6 years: a clinical cohort study with natural history comparator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity24602 :: ('MESH:D012753', 'Disease') :: ['RSS', 'Risk Sharing Scheme']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Expanded Disability Status Scale', 'EDSS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple Sclerosis', 'British Columbia multiple sclerosis database', 'BCMS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1638 :: (MESH:C089995,Chemical) :: ['glatiramer acetate']


abstract: Cordyceps sinensis has been known as a traditional medicine in China, and @entity2441 plus @entity9756 could prevent @entity170 in ovariectomized @entity35 . The present study shows that daily oral administration of @entity2441 at higher doses in adult hind limb suspension @entity35 can prevent disuse-induced @entity604 and deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture. INTRODUCTION: Cordyceps sinensis induces @entity53 production and prevents @entity170 in ovariectomized @entity35 . This study was to examine whether @entity2441 can prevent disuse-induced @entity170 . METHODS: @entity35 were randomly divided into six groups, and five groups were treated with hind limb suspension (HLS). One HLS group received @entity561 (2.0  mg/kg/day) orally, and to the three other HLS groups to each group, a different amount of @entity2441 (100, 300, and 500  mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 8  weeks before and after HLS. The remaining HLS group was set as a control without treatment. Each group consisted of 10 males and females. The body weights, biochemical parameters in serum and urine, @entity79 ( @entity79 ), bone mineral content (BMC), mechanical testing, and bone microarchitecture were examined. RESULTS: Treatments with higher @entity2441 dosage (300 and 500  mg/kg/day) or @entity561 had a positive effect on body weights, mechanical strength, @entity79 , and BMC compared to the other HLS groups. @entity2441 decreased markers of bone turnover dose dependently and increased the osteocalcin levels in HLS @entity35 . The result of micro-CT analysis from the L4 vertebra showed that @entity2441 (500  mg/kg) significantly prevented the reduction of the bone volume fraction, connectivity density, trabeculae number, and thickness as well as improved the trabeculae separation and structure model index in HLS @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that administration of @entity2441 at higher doses over an 8-week period can prevent the @entity2537 in @entity35 . It implies that @entity2441 might be an alternative therapy for prevention of disuse-induced @entity170 also in @entity1 .

title: Prevention of XXXX in @entity35 by Cordyceps sinensis extract.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['disuse osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium']

answer: @entity2537 :: (MESH:D020966,Disease) :: ['disuse osteoporosis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the spontaneous activity of mature @entity35 cerebellar neurons that had been exposed to @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) during postnatal days 4 to 10, which corresponds to the third trimester in @entity1 . Newborn @entity35 were implanted with gastric feeding tubes and were artificially reared from postnatal days 4 to 10 with two different diets. The experimental group received 4.5 g/kg/day of @entity167 delivered in a milk solution. Controls received similar feeding with an isocaloric supplement replacing the @entity167 . Electrophysiological evaluations were performed after an @entity167 -free rearing period. Although lobules IX and X of the cerebellar vermis appeared morphologically smaller in the animals neonatally exposed to @entity167 , compared with controls, extracellular recordings from both Purkinje cells and Golgi interneurons in adult @entity35 showed no differences in spontaneous activity or firing pattern between the control and @entity167 -exposed animals. Similarly, excitations and inhibitions of Purkinje neuron activity evoked by parallel pathway stimulation appeared unaffected by the developmental @entity167 exposure. However, we did observe a significant decrease in the proportion of Purkinje neurons generating complex spike bursts in the group exposed to @entity167 neonatally. These data suggest that, although fewer Purkinje neurons may survive the brain growth spurt if exposed to @entity167 during this critical period of development, those that do survive appear to function normally. The observed abnormality in complex spike production may result from @entity167 effects on developing neurons in the inferior olive that give rise to the climbing fibers that cause this bursting pattern in Purkinje neurons.

title: Electrophysiological characterization of cerebellar neurons from adult @entity35 exposed to XXXX during development.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9737 ( @entity9737 ) is an iatrogenic complication of spinal anesthesia. Reported risk factors for @entity9737 include sex, age, pregnancy, needle tip shape and size, bevel orientation, approach and others. Little is known regarding the effect of different approaches on the incidence of @entity9737 . OBJECTIVES: In this study we aimed to compare the incidence of @entity9737 in the case of median and paramedian approaches in @entity1 undergoing spinal anesthesia for orthopedic operations. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 scheduled for orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia between 2007 and 2008 were studied in a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. The @entity1 were randomized to receive spinal anesthesia by either a median (n = 75) or paramedian (n = 75) approach through a 25-gauge Crawford needle. No premedication was given, and all @entity1 received 500 mL of normal saline intravenously and 4 mL of 0.5% isobaric @entity1341 30 minutes prior to surgery in both approaches. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (10%) developed @entity9737 . There was no significant difference in the incidence of @entity9737 in both groups, with 7 (9.3%) @entity1 in the median approach group versus 8 (10.7%) in the paramedian approach group developing typical @entity9737 (P = 0.875). However, a significant difference in @entity9737 incidence (P = 0.041) was observed between females (9; 16.7%) and males (6; 6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference between median and paramedian approaches with respect to @entity9737 incidence; the paramedian approach is therefore recommended, especially for older @entity1 with degenerative changes in the spine and intervertebral spaces and those who cannot take the proper position. Moreover, the rate of @entity9737 was found to be significantly higher in females than in males.

title: Post-dural Puncture Headache: A Comparison Between Median and Paramedian Approaches in Orthopedic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['Marcaine']

entities_list: @entity9737 :: ('MESH:D051299', 'Disease') :: ['Post-dural puncture headache', 'PDPH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study reports the results of a prospective, multicenter trial designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Zenith fenestrated endovascular graft (Cook Medical, Bloomington, Ind) for treatment of @entity1028 (AAAs). METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with juxtarenal AAAs were prospectively enrolled in 14 centers in the United States from 2005 to 2012. Custom-made fenestrated stent grafts were designed with one to three fenestrations on the basis of analysis of computed tomography data sets. Renal alignment was performed with balloon-expandable stents. Follow-up included clinical examination, laboratory studies, mesenteric-renal duplex ultrasound, abdominal radiography, and computed tomography imaging at hospital discharge and at 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months and yearly thereafter up to 5 years. RESULTS: There were 54 male and 13 female @entity1 with a mean age of 74    8 years enrolled. Mean @entity439 diameter was 60    10 mm. A total of 178 visceral arteries required incorporation with small fenestrations in 118, scallops in 51, and large fenestrations in nine. Of these, all 118 small fenestrations (100%), eight of the scallops (16%), and one of the large fenestrations (11%) were aligned by stents. Technical success was 100%. There was one postoperative @entity204 within 30 days (1.5%). Mean length of hospital stay was 3.3    2.1 days. No @entity1756 or conversions were noted during a mean follow-up of 37    17 months (range, 3-65 months). Two @entity1 (3%) had migration >=  10 mm with no endoleak, both due to cranial progression of @entity2333 . Of a total of 129 renal arteries targeted by a fenestration, there were four (3%) renal @entity432 and 12 (9%) stenoses. Fifteen @entity1 (22%) required secondary interventions for @entity2791 /occlusion in 11 @entity1 , @entity1070 in three @entity1 , and @entity1070 in one @entity1 . At 5 years, @entity1 survival was 91%    4%, and freedom from major adverse events was 79%    6%; primary and secondary patency of targeted renal arteries was 81%    5% and 97%    2%, freedom from renal function deterioration was 91%    5%, and freedom from secondary interventions was 63%    9%. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study demonstrates that endovascular repair of juxtarenal AAAs with the Zenith fenestrated AAA stent graft is safe and effective. Mortality and morbidity are low in properly selected @entity1 treated in centers with experience in these procedures.

title: Results of the United States multicenter prospective study evaluating the Zenith fenestrated endovascular graft for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type I endoleak', 'type II endoleak']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusions']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm ruptures']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 have described changes in taste perception after @entity353 surgery. Our hypothesis was that @entity1 develop postoperative changes in taste that vary by bariatric procedure. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or @entity356 ( @entity356 ) completed a 23-question institutional review board-approved survey postoperatively regarding their degree and type of taste changes and food aversion and how these influenced their eating habits. RESULTS: A total of 127 @entity1 participated. After removing the inadequately completed surveys, 82 LRYGB and 28 @entity356 @entity1 were included. Of these, 87% of LRYGB and 69% of @entity356 @entity1 believed taste is important to the enjoyment of food. More LRYGB @entity1 (82%) than @entity356 @entity1 (46%) reported a change in the taste of food or beverages after surgery (P <.001). In addition, 92% of @entity356 versus 59% of LRYGB @entity1 characterized the change as a decrease in the intensity of taste (P <.05). Additionally, 68% of LRYGB and 67% of @entity356 @entity1 found certain foods repulsive and had developed aversions. Also, 66% of LRYGB and 70% of @entity356 @entity1 believed the taste changes were greater than expected preoperatively. Most @entity1 (83% of LRYGB and 69% of @entity356 @entity1 ) agreed that the loss of taste led to better @entity353 . CONCLUSION: Although most LRYGB and many @entity356 @entity1 experienced taste changes and food repulsion postoperatively, procedural differences were found in these taste changes. Taste changes need to be investigated further as a possible mechanism of @entity353 after bariatric surgery.

title: Taste change after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding', 'LAGB']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) occurs across the world, in various cultures, and affects @entity1 across societies irrespective of economic status or gender. Most data on @entity1004 before World Health Organization multicountry study (WHOMCS) usually came from sources other than the military. Result of this study will contribute to the existing body of knowledge and may serve as a baseline for future studies in military populations. This study compares the prevalence of the different types of @entity1004 against @entity1 in military and civilian communities in Abuja, Nigeria. METHODS: Using a multistage sampling technique, 260 @entity1 who had intimate male partners were selected from military and civilian communities of Abuja. Collected data on personal characteristics and different types of @entity1004 experienced were analyzed to demonstrate comparison of the association between the different forms of @entity1004 and the respondents' sociodemographic and partner characteristics in the two study populations using percentages and   -square statistics, and P-value was assumed to be significant at  <=0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of the four major types of @entity1004 was higher among the military respondents than among civilians: controlling behavior, 37.1% versus 29.1%; @entity734 , 42.4% versus 13.4%; physical abuse, 19.7% versus 5.9%, and @entity458 , 9.2% versus 8.8%. Significantly more respondents from the military population (59 [45.4%]) compared to civilians (21 [19.4%]) were prevented by their partners from seeing their friends (P=0.000). The situation is reversed with regard to permission to seek health care for self, with civilians reporting a significantly higher prevalence (35 [32.4%]) than did military respondents (20 [15.4%]) (P=0.002). The military respondents were clearly at a higher risk of experiencing all the variants of emotional violence than the civilians (P=0.00). The commonest form of physical violence against @entity1 was "being slapped or having something thrown at them, that could hurt", which was markedly higher in the military (43 [33.1%]) than in the civilian population (10 [9.3%]), (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1004 is a significant public health problem in Abuja, and the military population is clearly at a higher risk of experiencing all forms of @entity1004 compared to the civilian population. The military should encourage and finance research on effect of military operations and @entity1005 on family relationships with a view of developing evidence-based treatment models for military personnel.

title: Comparative analysis of prevalence of intimate partner violence against XXXX in military and civilian communities in Abuja, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['Intimate partner violence', 'IPV']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['emotional/psychological abuse']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no evidence on the incidence of subclinical @entity32 and scaring lesions in @entity1 receiving @entity1140 ( @entity5467 ) minimization and elimination immunosuppressive regimens. METHODS: This study analyzed preimplantation, 3 and 24 months protocol biopsies and anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSA) in 140 low immunological risk kidney transplant recipients receiving reduced @entity5467 exposure, @entity229 , and @entity6051 , randomized at 3 months to be converted or not to @entity3446 ( @entity7217 ). RESULTS: Mean @entity5467 concentrations were 6.0    2.4 ng/mL and 5.8    2.2 ng/mL at 3 and 24 months. The incidence of subclinical @entity32 lesions at 3 months was 9.3%. The incidence of ( @entity82 ) IF/(tubular atrophy) TA at month 24 was 57.6%, higher in @entity7217 compared to @entity5467 group (68.8 vs 44.4%; P = 0.022). @entity1 converted to @entity7217 showed higher incidence of acute rejection (7.3% vs 0%), @entity644 (59.6% vs 25%; P = 0.001), and DSA (17.8% vs 7.3%; P = 0.201), respectively. Biopsy-proven acute rejection (odds ratio [OR] 2.32, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.979-5.518, P = 0.056), subclinical @entity32 lesions at 3 months (OR, 11.75; 95% CI, 1.286-107.474; P = 0.029) and conversion to @entity7217 (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.155-6.383; P = 0.022) were associated with IF/TA at month 24. Black ethnicity (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.058-0.873; P = 0.031), donor age (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.329-5.649; P = 0.006), and conversion to @entity7217 (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.043-5.267; P = 0.039) were associated with @entity177 at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: In kidney transplant recipients receiving reduced @entity5467 exposure, subclinical @entity32 lesions at 3 months were associated with IF/TA at 24 months. Conversion from @entity5467 to @entity7217 was associated with @entity177 , higher incidence of IF/TA, and trends to higher incidence of DSA at 24 months.

title: Subclinical Lesions and Donor-Specific Antibodies in Kidney Transplant Recipients Receiving @entity1140 -Based Immunosuppressive Regimen Followed by Early Conversion to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['inferior renal function']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Sirolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the tumorigenic mechanisms of @entity1 @entity1778 cell line HL60-n in @entity19 . METHODS: Different clone strains of HL60-n cells were established by limited dilution and their biological features were compared with parental HL-60 cells. RESULTS: The colony yields in soft agar, especially the large colony yields of the high tumorigenic clone strains HL60-n/A, HL60-n/B were significantly higher than that of the HL-60 cells (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the low tumorigenic clone strains HL60-n/E, HL60-n/F and the HL-60 cells. Ultrastructurally, the nucleus was highly abnormal, the euchromatic element of nuclear chromatin increased, the heterochromatin sparse, and the microfilaments in cytoplasm increased and disarranged in the high tumorigenic cells as compared with HL-60 cells. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometer showed higher S phase fractions in the high tumorigenic cells. The killing activities of NK cells to the high tumorigenic clone strains were significant lower than to the contrast (P < 0.01). The histopathological features produced by the low tumorigenic @entity1778 cells showed that there were many inflammatory cells infiltrated, the majority of them were lymphocytes, and many @entity5 cells were killed especially in vessel abundant areas. By contrast, there were few inflammatory cells infiltrated in the @entity5 produced by the high tumorigenic cell strains. CONCLUSION: The mechanism of the high tumorigenic activity of the HL60-n cell line involved higher colony yields in soft agar, higher S phase fraction, decreased susceptibility to NK cell killing, and the inhibition of the host immunity.

title: [Study on tumorigenic mechanism of @entity1 @entity1778 cell line in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']