abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate whether tafluprost, which is a @entity3009 -related compound and an anti- @entity726 drug, has a direct anti-apoptotic effect in cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and @entity35 RGCs in retinas with optic nerve crush (ONC). METHODS: RGC-5 cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by a serum deprivation and by exogenous @entity2227 . The level of cell death with or without tafluprost was monitored by an XTT assay and by immunocytochemistry with activated @entity4124 . Changes in intracellular @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) levels were measured with @entity20048 fluorescence. @entity35 RGCs were degenerated by ONC. After topical instillation of tafluprost for 7 and 14 days, the numbers of retrograde-labeled RGCs were counted. Retinal flatmounts were subjected to terminal @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining to detect apoptotic cells. RESULTS: Tafluprost dose-dependently promoted RGC-5 cell viability with an optimum concentration of 3 microM (p = 0.006). Tafluprost significantly reduced @entity4124 -positive cells and suppressed [ @entity141 ]i evoked by exogenous @entity2227 . The @entity6708 -dependent protein kinase inhibitor and @entity24398 partially blocked the rescue effect of tafluprost (p = 0.002). The survival rate of RGCs significantly increased in eyes treated with tafluprost (p = 0.01), and the prevalence of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly decreased 14 days after ONC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that tafluprost has an anti-apoptotic effect in RGCs.

title: Tafluprost protects XXXX retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In October 2009, an acute care surgery (ACS) model was implemented to facilitate urgent surgical consults. This study examines the impact of ACS on the timeliness of care and length of hospitalization for @entity1 with acute @entity2679 . A retrospective cohort study was performed of @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with acute @entity2679 who underwent early cholecystectomy. @entity1 with @entity2877 , @entity788 , @entity253 , or @entity2963 without @entity2679 were excluded. There were two study cohorts: ACS (October 2009 to July 2010) and pre-ACS (October 2008 to September 2009). Primary outcome measures were length of stay (LOS) and time from the @entity341 to the operating room (OR). One hundred fifty-two cases were identified: 71 in the ACS group and 81 in the pre-ACS group. @entity1 demographics were similar. The ACS group had a significantly shorter average time from the @entity341 to the OR (24.6 vs 35.0 hours, P = 0.0276). Overall LOS was reduced by a mean of 14.7 hours in the ACS group (mean 3.23 vs 2.63 days, P = 0.11). There was no significant difference in OR time (2.45 vs 2.38 hours, P = 0.562). There was a significant decrease in after-hours cases in the ACS group (5.6 vs 21%, P = 0.004) and a decrease in complication rates (18.5 vs 7.0%, P = 0.032). In conclusion, the ACS model decreased time from the @entity341 to the OR, decreased after-hours cases, decreased length of hospitalization, and decreased complications for @entity1 with acute @entity2679 .

title: An acute care surgery model improves timeliness of care and reduces hospital stay for XXXX with acute @entity2679 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary colic']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Sixty @entity1 undergoing laparoscopy were randomly assigned to receive total intravenous anaesthesia with @entity1875 or inhalation anaesthesia with @entity5161 . @entity1 in these two groups were also randomly assigned to three subgroups listening to soft music, hard rock music or no music at all. Twenty-four hours after surgery all @entity1 were interviewed and asked if they had heard music during the operation. A tape with seven different pieces of music was also played for the @entity1 . The music they heard during surgery was one of these. No @entity1 had any memories or experiences from the operation. Four @entity1 had dreams, three from the total intravenous anaesthesia group and one from the inhalation anaesthesia group. Twelve @entity1 believed they had heard music, ten from the total intravenous anaesthesia group and two from the inhalation anaesthesia group (P < 0.05). Two @entity1 , one from each group, picked the right melody. In conclusion, there was no difference between the two groups with respect to recall during anaesthesia. @entity1 in the TIVA group were significantly more inclined to state that they had been exposed to music.

title: Recall of music: a comparison between anaesthesia with @entity1875 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: Urinary albumin excretion has been assessed in 585 newly-presenting Type 2 (non- @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 @entity1 (aged 53 (8) years, 67% male) at diagnosis with fasting plasma @entity413 10.3 (3.2) mmol/l and over 3 years of dietary treatment. Urinary albumin at diagnosis, geometric mean (1 SD interval) corrected for dilution by regression on urine @entity1011 concentration of 10 mmol/l, was 17 (5-58) mg/l compared with 8 (3-18) mg/l in an age-matched non- @entity6 reference population. Values greater than 50 mg/l were found in 17% of @entity6 @entity1 compared with 4% in the reference group. After diet therapy for 3 months, fasting plasma @entity413 decreased to 6.9 mmol/l and urinary albumin to 12 (4-31) mg/l (p < 0.0001). This suggests that increased urinary albumin excretion at diagnosis is in part functional, possibly secondary to glomerular hyperfiltration caused by hyperglycaemia and raised blood pressure. Over the next 3 years, mean fasting plasma @entity413 was 7.2 mmol/l, albumin excretion changed little, without significant increase either in @entity1 with raised or normal albumin at diagnosis. Both at diagnosis and over 3 years, urinary albumin excretion was independently associated with fasting plasma @entity413 and @entity412 levels and with systolic blood pressure, but the combination of these factors only explained 10% of the total variance. This suggests the presence of additional pathological processes in @entity1 with increased urinary albumin. Urinary albumin was not associated with other variables included in @entity1112 , such as HDL @entity165 , fasting plasma @entity2690 , @entity28 or central adiposity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: UK Prospective XXXX Study (UKPDS). X. Urinary albumin excretion over 3 years in diet-treated type 2, (non- @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 @entity1 , and association with hypertension, hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome X']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 ( @entity63 ) is the most advanced stage of peripheral @entity455 and is usually treated with bypass surgery or endovascular revascularization. However, a considerable proportion of @entity63 @entity1 are not eligible to these treatment strategies and amputation is often the only option left. In the past decade, research has focused on bone marrow (BM)-derived cell-based strategies that aim at neovascularization to improve limb perfusion. Individual studies did not convincingly prove efficacy of BM-derived cell therapy in @entity63 @entity1 thus far. OBJECTIVES: Perform a meta-analysis of all @entity23 ( @entity23 ) available that studied BM-derived cell therapy compared to standard care with or without placebo in @entity63 @entity1 and provide summary efficacy data on this approach. METHODS: A systematic search in the electronic databases of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register was performed. All studies were critically appraised and data were extracted and meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. Major amputation and amputation-free survival were considered as the primary endpoints. RESULTS: A total of 12 @entity23 jointly including 510 @entity63 @entity1 were identified and analyzed. The meta-analysis showed beneficial effects of BM-derived cell therapy on both subjective and surrogate objective endpoints, that is, @entity158 score, @entity158 -free walking distance, ankle-brachial index, and transcutaneous @entity26 measurements (all P < 0.00001). Overall, the @entity23 showed reduced amputation rates in the therapeutic arms of the included trials with a relative risk (RR) on major amputation of 0.58 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40-0.84; P = 0.004]. However, when only the placebo-controlled @entity23 were considered, the beneficial effect on major amputation rates was considerably reduced and nonsignificant (RR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.40-1.51; P = 0.46). Amputation-free survival did not significantly differ between the BM treated and the control group (RR = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.92-1.48; P = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis underlines the promising potential of BM-derived cell therapy in @entity63 @entity1 . Importantly, the results of placebo-controlled and non-placebo-controlled @entity23 seem to diverge, which stresses the necessity to use placebo in the control arms of these trials. Future well-designed larger placebo-controlled @entity23 are needed and should include long-term follow-up data to assess durability of treatment effects.

title: Autologous bone marrow-derived cell therapy in @entity1 with XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['CLI', 'Critical Limb Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischemia']


abstract: Insufficient @entity9050 intake causes scurvy in certain species. Beyond its known functions, it has been suggested that @entity9050 participates in oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Because redox imbalance in this organelle might cause ER stress and apoptosis, we hypothesized that this might contribute to the pathology of scurvy. @entity840 were divided into 7 groups: the control group was fed a commercial @entity840 food containing 0.1 g/100 g @entity9050 for 4 wk, 5 groups consumed an @entity9050 -free food for 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 wk and 1 group was fed this scorbutic diet for 2 wk and then the commercial food plus 1 g/L @entity9050 in drinking water for 2 wk. TBARS generation and the expression of some ER chaperones and foldases were determined in hepatic microsomes. The apoptotic index was assessed in histological sections. Although @entity9050 , measured by HPLC, was undetectable in the livers of the @entity840 after they had consumed the scorbutic diet for 2 wk, the microsomal TBARS level was elevated relative to the initial value only at wk 4. Western blot revealed the induction of GRP78, GRP94, and protein @entity1520 isomerase at wk 3 and 4. Apoptosis was greater than in the control, beginning at wk 3. None of the alterations occurred in the groups fed the commercial @entity840 food or @entity9050 -free food followed by @entity9050 supplementation. Therefore, persistent @entity9050 deficiency leads to ER stress, unfolded protein response, and apoptosis in the liver, suggesting that insufficient protein processing participates in the pathology of scurvy.

title: Scurvy leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in the liver of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pigs', 'guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['Guinea pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For years, it has been a major interest for surgeons and oncologists to develop a novel technique to @entity5 at an early stage and to treat the lesions in a less invasive manner. The advent of the narrow band imaging system combined endoscopy and various endoscopic approaches shed light on the new era of the minimum invasive management of superficial @entity5 in hypopharyngeal regions. METHODS: Three endoscopic approaches, endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery, were chronologically introduced at our institute. In this study, we focused on the clinical outcomes, advantages and limitations of each procedure. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity1 (42 procedures) received transoral pharyngectomies between June 2006 and May 2012. Tracheotomy was performed in 9 of 42 (21%) @entity1 . Three @entity1 developed local recurrence and were subsequently controlled by additional transoral pharyngectomies. The 2- and 5-year local control rates were 92.8 and 83.5%. The 2- and 5-year overall survival rates were 82.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery-transoral pharyngectomies are useful procedures for treating superficial @entity5 . Endoscopic mucosal resection manifested the least invasiveness and may be beneficial for resecting small superficial lesions, endoscopic submucosal dissection may be advantageous for @entity1 with difficult laryngopharyngeal exposure and endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery has shown the optimal effectiveness and minimal complications and can be applied to most of the hypopharyngeal sub-sites. All three procedures require a high level of technical skill and close collaboration between otolaryngologists and gastroenterologists.

title: A clinical study of transoral pharyngectomies to treat superficial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal cancers', 'detect hypopharyngeal cancers', 'cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intestinal flora and innate immunity, and their interactions impact adaptive immunity. OBJECTIVE: To study the association of fecal defensin levels in infancy with synbiotic treatment and with the emergence of atopy. METHODS: The randomly selected group of 102 @entity1 belonged to a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial where 1223 @entity1 in high risk for @entity566 received, from birth to 6  months, a mixture of synbiotics, or placebo. Clinical trials registration number for the clinical trial is NCT00298337. In the subgroup, 45 received active treatment and 56 received placebo treatment. Follow-up for the emergence of sensitization and @entity56 lasted 5  years. At the age of 3 (n  =  96) and 6 (n  =  87)  months, we measured fecal levels of @entity1 neutrophil peptide (HNP) 1-3 and of b-defensin 2 ( @entity15875 ) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays and concentrations of @entity880 bacteria on @entity7748 agar. We used multifactorial regression in data analysis. RESULTS: Fecal levels of @entity38675 -3 and @entity15875 decreased from the age of 3-6  months (P  <  0.0001). @entity15875 levels decreased less in the synbiotics group compared with placebo (P  <  0.02). High fecal @entity15875 levels at 6  months were associated with an increased risk for sensitization by the age of 5  years (OR 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1-5.8, P  <  0.03). High fecal @entity38675 -3 levels at 6  months were associated with a decreased risk for @entity483 (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.1-1.0, P  <  0.05). Samples with very low or high @entity15875 levels at 6  months had low concentrations of @entity880 bacteria (P  <  0.02). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Early innate immunity responses in the gut are associated with the emergence of sensitization and @entity483 later in childhood.

title: Intestinal defensin secretion in infancy is associated with the emergence of sensitization and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: @entity130 is rarely observed because very few @entity1 have survived from the initial @entity130 . We describe one male @entity1 who survived from this massive @entity130 with a good functional outcome. The @entity1 was 28 months old when he was accidentally struck by a truck. He had severe open @entity130 of the pelvis and @entity548 of the left lower limb. Amputation of the left hemipelvis, colostomy, cystostomy and removal of the left avulsed testicle were performed. Once healing had been achieved, he was transferred to our Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and rehabilitative management was begun, including prosthetic measurement and psychologic intervention for the @entity1 and his parents. For 13 years of long-term follow-up, his prosthesis was readjusted annually. Now he is a 16-year-old middle school student. He is functioning remarkably well with a prosthesis. The psychologic report shows that he is emotionally stable and has good scholastic performance. Although hemipelvectomy appears to be a radical procedure in @entity1 , the potential for rehabilitation in a group of @entity1 before body image has developed appears to be unexpectedly good.

title: XXXX before body image has developed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic hemipelvectomy', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Traumatic hemipelvectomy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Anisakidosis, @entity1 infection with @entity2199 of the family Anisakidae, is caused most commonly by @entity1542 . Acquired by the consumption of raw or undercooked marine fish or squid, anisakidosis occurs where such dietary customs are practiced, including Japan, the coastal regions of Europe and the United States. Rupture of the spleen is a relatively common complication of @entity130 and many @entity74 affecting the reticuloendothelial system, including @entity281 . A rare subtype of rupture occurring spontaneously and arising from a normal spleen has been recognized as a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Herein we discuss the case of a @entity1 who presented to our institution with @entity698 secondary to Anisakis and spontaneous @entity397 . CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 53-year-old Caucasian @entity1 who presented with @entity548 and @entity490 and was subsequently found to have spontaneous @entity397 and @entity698 secondary to @entity1542 . She underwent open surgical resection of the @entity9440 and the @entity698 without any significant @entity260 . Histopathologic examination revealed @entity698 secondary to @entity1542 and @entity9440 of undetermined etiology. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first of a @entity1 with the diagnosis of spontaneous @entity397 and @entity698 secondary to @entity1542 . @entity12590 may present as an acute abdomen. Emergency physicians should know and consider this diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity13570 or @entity1960 , especially if an antecedent of raw or undercooked fish ingestion is present. Spontaneous rupture of the spleen is an extremely rare event. Increased awareness of this condition will enhance early diagnosis and effective treatment. Further research is required to identify the possible risk factors associated with @entity1409 .

title: Spontaneous @entity9440 and XXXX presenting as @entity490 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous rupture of the spleen']

entities_list: @entity12590 :: ('MESH:D017129', 'Disease') :: ['Digestive anisakiasis']

entities_list: @entity1542 :: ('6269', 'Species') :: ['Anisakis simplex']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections and neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['spleen rupture']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['Anisakis appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and the effective treatment of @entity86 in @entity1 with gynecologic @entity5 . METHODS: In this report, we retrospectively reviewed the cases of 4119 @entity1 who underwent pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph node dissection for gynecologic @entity5 in Fudan University Cancer Hospital. RESULTS: Among these 4119 cases, 7 (0.17%) @entity1 had @entity3417 postoperatively. The average age of these @entity1 was 52 years. The mean time interval between operation and the appearance of @entity3417 was 30 days (range, 5-75 days). The incidence of @entity3417 after para-aortic lymphadenectomy was approximately 0.32% (5/1540), whereas the rate after pelvic lymphadenectomy alone was 0.077% (2/2579). All cases with @entity3417 were resolved by conservative treatment. This included placement of a peritoneal drainage tube. The mean time to resolution was 13 days (range, 2-28 days). None of the cases had recurrent @entity3417 during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Para-aortic lymph node dissection may be associated with @entity86 . @entity1 may have their @entity3417 successfully treated with conservative management. An abdominal drainage tube can be a simple and effective approach and should be considered in the treatment.

title: @entity86 in XXXX with gynecologic @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3417 :: ('MESH:D002915', 'Disease') :: ['chylous ascites']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative chylous ascites']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The selective degradation of abnormal or short half-life proteins in eukaryotic cells proceeds through the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system (UbPS). The signals that tag the proteins for their ubiquitination are well known. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the relationship between the action of @entity2367 and the changes in the expression of certain mRNAs of the Ub pathway and in the activation of the UbPS in cultured astrocytes (ASTs). Changes in the expression of components that are known to be substrates of the UbPS and that participate in the regulation of the cell death process were also studied. Addition of different concentrations of @entity20283 to cultured ASTs produced an increase in the expression of the Ub gene and in the gene that encodes E1, one of the enzymes involved in the ubiquitination process, without any changes on cell viability. Immunocytochemical studies showed an increase in the expression of @entity588 with no changes in @entity4674 . Also, there was an increase in the nuclear reactivity of @entity2451 , suggesting a translocation of this factor towards the nucleus. Western blots showed a decrease in IkappaB and its phosphorylated form as well as an increase in @entity588 with no changes in @entity4674 . All of these compounds appear to be acting as possible modulators of AST responses to C2 @entity2367 . Our results suggest that in AST primary cultures, C2 @entity2367 , at the concentrations used in this study, does not produce apoptosis. However, it induces an activation of the UbPS, probably as a consequence of an activation of phosphatases and kinases, or through the generation of reactive @entity26 species, which act as triggering signals of the UbPS. The fundamental role of @entity2451 and @entity588 as antiapoptotic factors is discussed.

title: Involvement of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system in the signaling pathway induced by XXXX in primary astrocyte cultures.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

answer: @entity2367 :: (CHEBI:17761,Chemical) :: ['ceramide']


abstract: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has been extensively used for @entity64 rehabilitation. CIMT encourages use of the impaired limb along with restraint of the ipsilesional limb in daily life, and may promote behavioral recovery and induce structural changes in brain after @entity64 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether CIMT enhances neurogenesis in @entity35 brain after @entity64 that was generated by @entity2500 . Adult @entity35 were divided into sham group, @entity63 group and @entity63 treated with CIMT group. @entity35 of CIMT group were treated with a plaster cast to restrain the healthy forelimb for 14 days beginning 1 week after @entity63 . The proliferation of neuronal cells labeled with @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) and behavioral recovery were analyzed at day 29 after @entity63 . We also measured the tissue level of @entity9017 ( @entity9017 ) by ELISA. @entity9017 might be involved in the regulation of neurogenesis following @entity64 . In the subventricular zone of the animals treated with CIMT, there was a significant increase in the number of @entity1603 -positive cells (135 +/- 18, P < 0.05), compared with @entity63 group (87 +/- 12) or sham group (18 +/- 3.6). Likewise, in the dentate gyrus, animals treated with CIMT showed a significant increase in @entity1603 -positive cells (296 +/- 26, P < 0.05) compared with @entity63 group (225 +/- 18) or sham group (162 +/- 11). CIMT treatment after @entity64 significantly improved behavioral performances and increased the @entity9017 protein levels in the cortex and dentate gyrus. In conclusion, CIMT treatment enhances neurogenesis and functional recovery after @entity64 .

title: Constraint-induced movement therapy enhanced neurogenesis and behavioral recovery after @entity64 in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity9017 :: ('24772(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['stromal cell-derived factor 1', 'SDF-1']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) by activated Kupffer cells contributes to @entity99 following liver preservation, shock, or @entity5694 . Pharmacological interventions to protect liver cells against this inflammatory response of Kupffer cells have not yet been established. @entity12579 (ANP) protects the liver against @entity63 -reperfusion injury, suggesting a possible modulation of Kupffer cell-mediated @entity137 . Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of cytoprotection by ANP during Kupffer cell activation in perfused @entity35 livers of male @entity35 . Activation of Kupffer cells by zymosan (150 microgram/ml) resulted in considerable cell damage, as assessed by the sinusoidal release of @entity880 dehydrogenase and purine @entity2353 phosphorylase. Cell damage was almost completely prevented by @entity224 dismutase (50 U/ml) and catalase (150 U/ml), indicating ROS-related @entity99 . ANP (200 nM) reduced Kupffer cell-induced injury via the guanylyl cyclase-coupled A receptor (GCA receptor) and @entity6708 : mRNA expression of the GCA receptor was found in hepatocytes, endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells, and the @entity6708 analog @entity8263 ( @entity11255 ; 50 microM) was as potent as ANP in protecting from zymosan-induced cell damage. ANP and @entity11255 significantly attenuated the prolonged increase of hepatic vascular resistance when Kupffer cell activation occurred. Furthermore, both compounds reduced oxidative cell damage following infusion of @entity274 (500 microM). In contrast, @entity224 anion formation of isolated Kupffer cells was not affected by ANP and only moderately reduced by @entity11255 . In conclusion, ANP protects the liver against Kupffer cell-related oxidant stress. This hormonal protection is mediated via the GCA receptor and @entity6708 , suggesting that the @entity6708 receptor plays a critical role in controlling oxidative cell damage. Thus ANP signaling should be considered as a new pharmacological target for protecting liver cells against the inflammatory response of activated Kupffer cells without eliminating the vital host defense function of these cells.

title: Prevention of Kupffer cell-induced oxidant injury in @entity35 liver by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity12579 :: (24602(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']


abstract: Intraperitoneal injection of cell wall fragments from @entity6329 (ATCC 11578) induces an acute and a chronic @entity625 of the distal joints of LEW/N female @entity35 . Histopathological changes in four distal joints and hematologic changes were analyzed on days 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 59. All joints were scored for changes in @entity32 , @entity2070 , cartilage and bone. The acute inflammatory response consisted of fluid exudate, fibrin, neutrophils and some macrophages concentrated along the periosteum of the longer bones. The disease progressed with synovial fibroblast proliferation and infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. On day 10, cartilage changes were associated with @entity2070 formation and subchondral @entity82 . Both localized bone resorption and periosteal new bone formation were features of the chronic phase. Lymphocytes were elevated above normal (p < 0.05) on day 3, 10, 20, 30 and 40; returning to the normal range on day 50 and 59. Neutrophils were elevated on days 10, 20, 30, 40 and 59. @entity6329 -induced @entity625 in Lewis @entity35 appears to be a fibroblast-, macrophage-mediated disease with a prominent lymphoid component.

title: Pathogenesis of XXXX @entity6329 -induced @entity625 in Lewis @entity35 : 1. Time related changes in histopathological scores and hematology.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

answer: @entity6329 :: (1582,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus']


abstract: Published reports do not agree about whether protein C activity is non-significantly changed or decreased in a @entity49 state induced by @entity1468 without @entity2142 -elevated liver enzyme/low platelet (HELLP) syndrome. In order to assess the relationship between this anticoagulant and enhanced hemostasis, levels of protein C activity, @entity556 -antithrombin complexes, soluble fibrin, fibrin D-dimers and antithrombin were determined in 30 @entity1468 @entity1 without the @entity2102 , in 22 normal pregnant @entity1 in gestational weeks 30-35, and in 13 non-pregnant controls. Levels of @entity556 -antithrombin complexes, soluble fibrin and D-dimers increased (P < 0.05) whereas antithrombin decreased (P < 0.05) in @entity1 with @entity1468 , compared with normal pregnant @entity1 . Levels of protein C did not differ significantly between @entity1 with @entity1468 , normal pregnant @entity1 and controls (P > 0.05). The 5th and 95th percentiles of protein C levels in normal pregnant @entity1 were 0.53 and 1.30 U/ml, respectively; levels between these two values could be considered physiological. When the @entity1468 @entity1 were subdivided according to these percentiles, none belonged to the subgroup with protein C < or = 5th percentile; 23% (seven of 30) fell into the subgroup with protein C > or = 95th percentile. Elevated levels of hypercoagulation markers were shown in the groups whose protein C fell within 5th-95th or > or = 95th percentiles (P < 0.05), compared with normal pregnant @entity1 . Concentrations of protein C and @entity556 -antithrombin complex were significantly correlated (r = 0.69, P > 0.05) in @entity1 with @entity1468 . In summary, in subjects with @entity2102 , protein C activity may be similar to that in normal pregnant @entity1 . However, such a 'physiological' anticoagulant level in association with the enhanced @entity556 generation and fibrin formation does not necessarily reflect a physiological capability of coagulation. Thus, assays of protein C activity might not always assist in monitoring the hemostatic function during pre-eclamptic pregnancy.

title: Can the laboratory assay of protein C activity assist in monitoring the hemostatic function in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia without the HELLP syndrome', 'HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: This study was aimed to detect the expression of @entity8624 ( @entity8624 ) related genes ( @entity1262 , @entity3752 , @entity41466 ) in the @entity1 with @entity3052 , and to explore its clinical significance in @entity3052 . Bone marrow samples were collected from de novo @entity3052 @entity1 (41 cases), @entity1 with complete remission (CR, 16 cases) and the @entity1 with non-malignant @entity1503 (10 cases) respectively. And the expressions of @entity1262 , @entity3752 , @entity41466 genes were detected by comparative real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) with SYBR Green assay. The results showed that the expressions of @entity1262 , @entity3752 , @entity41466 were not detected in the @entity1 with non-malignant @entity1503 , but were higher (relative expressive level: 4.26    2.26, 3.72    1.91, 3.74    2.38) in de novo @entity3052 @entity1 and lower (relative expressive level: 2.14    1.47, 2.07    0.99, 1.47    0.89) in the @entity3052 @entity1 with CR (p < 0.05). The expressions of @entity8624 related genes were lower (relative expressive level: 1.77    1.29, 2.09    1.26, 1.78    1.49) in the @entity1 acquired CR/partial remission (PR) than those in the @entity1 not acquired CR/PR (relative expressive level: 7.23    1.78, 3.96    0.92, 4.48    2.57) (p < 0.01). Univariate analysis revealed that there were more cases with the expression of @entity8624 immunophenotype ( @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) @entity50389 (+) and @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-)CD123(+)) and more hyperleukocytosis cases in @entity1 with any higher expression of @entity8624 related gene (p < 0.05). Analysis of multiple parameters discovered larger significance (p < 0.01). It is concluded that there is a good relationship between @entity8624 related genes ( @entity1262 , @entity3752 , @entity41466 ) and @entity8624 immunophenotype. The expression of @entity8624 -related genes is higher in de novo @entity3052 @entity1 , and lower in @entity1 acquired CR/PR. The @entity1 with higher expressed @entity8624 -related genes display worse response to chemotherapy, lower CR/PR rate and higher leukocytosis, the analysis of multiple parameters may be a good method for assessing the therapeutic efficacy/prognosis of @entity3052 .

title: [Clinical significance of XXXX related gene expression in @entity3052 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['LSPC', 'leukemia stem/progenitor cell']

answer: @entity8624 :: (MESH:D015448,Disease) :: ['leukemia stem/progenitor cell']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We have evaluated the factors of unsuccessful re-canalisation in a large series of @entity1 with @entity385 treated with thrombolysis. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 aged 18-80 years with an acute hemispheric @entity1188 , admitted within the first few hours of symptoms onset, were immediately submitted to Magnetic Resonance both Imaging (MRI) and Angiography (MRA). MRI and MRA were repeated at 24 h of @entity64 . Re-canalisation was attributed if grade 2 or 3 of Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) criteria for the @entity583 . Outcome was rated at three months of @entity64 . Re-canalisation was matched with ageing and with the common risk factors for @entity64 . RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-one @entity1 , 70 @entity1 and 51 @entity1 , with a median age of 67 years, were included. Re-canalisation was seen in 62 @entity1 (51%). Twenty-three @entity1 (19%) died by 90 days of @entity64 . Re-canalisation was associated to survival (1 death vs. 22, p < 0.0001). Regression analysis retained advanced age (Odds ratio 0.37, 95% Confidence interval 0.13-0.98), baseline National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) (Odds ratio 0.94, 95% Confidence interval 0.89-0.98) and @entity6 (Odds ratio 0.28, 95% Confidence interval 0.09-0.84) as factors contrasting re-canalisation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that in @entity1 with proven occlusion of the terminal segment of the internal carotid artery and/or of the mainstem of the Middle Cerebral Artery, re-canalisation at 24 h of the acute @entity385 is dramatically associated with survival, and halted by advanced age and @entity6 .

title: Predictors of re-canalisation in acute XXXX from occlusion of the terminal internal carotid artery or of the middle cerebral artery mainstem treated with thrombolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'hemispheric cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: Medium chain @entity1674 (MCTs) are used to treat @entity16 with @entity209 , including childhood @entity302 and early @entity195 . However, the metabolic effects of MCTs in the brain are still unclear. Here, we studied the effects of feeding even and uneven MCTs on brain @entity413 metabolism in the @entity19 . Adult @entity19 were fed 35% (calories) of @entity35557 or @entity26543 (the @entity1674 of @entity6212 or @entity49065 , respectively) or a matching control diet for 3 weeks. Enzymatic assays and targeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were used to quantify metabolites in extracts from the hippocampal formations (HFs). Both oils increased the levels of b-hydroxybutyrate, but no other significant metabolic alterations were observed after @entity26543 feeding. The levels of @entity3776 and @entity16117 were increased in the HF of @entity19 fed @entity35557 , whereas levels of metabolites further downstream in the glycolytic pathway and the pentose @entity1391 pathway were reduced. This indicates that @entity35557 reduces @entity413 utilization because of a decrease in phosphofructokinase activity. @entity35557 and @entity26543 showed similar anticonvulsant effects in the 6   Hz @entity410 model, but it remains unknown to what extent the anticonvulsant mechanism(s) are shared. In conclusion, @entity26543 unlike @entity35557 appears to not alter @entity413 metabolism in the healthy brain.

title: Alterations of hippocampal @entity413 metabolism by even versus uneven medium chain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['octanoate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity16117 :: ('MESH:C027618', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose 6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity35557 :: ('MESH:C003637', 'Chemical') :: ['trioctanoin', 'Trioctanoin']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic impairments']

entities_list: @entity26543 :: ('MESH:C531010', 'Chemical') :: ['triheptanoin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose 6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity49065 :: ('CHEBI:32362', 'Chemical') :: ['heptanoate']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Behavioral and @entity146 are common in youth with rapid-onset @entity28 with @entity1640 , @entity3316 , and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD). We outline a rational approach to @entity146 treatment of a @entity1 with a complex medical condition. METHODS: We report the course of symptoms in a teen with ROHHAD, the inpatient treatment, and review current evidence for use of psychopharmacologic agents in youth with sleep and @entity148 . RESULTS: A 14-year-old female began rapidly gaining weight as a preschooler, developed hormonal imbalance, and mixed @entity387 . Consultation was requested after a month of ROHHAD exacerbation, with severe @entity148 , @entity22 , and @entity2167 . @entity1037 and @entity837 were helpful in controlling the symptoms. Following discharge, the @entity1 gained weight and @entity1037 was discontinued. @entity2934 was started in coordination with pulmonary service. Relevant pharmacologic considerations included risk of respiratory suppression, history of paradoxical reaction to hypnotics, hepatic isoenzyme interactions and side effects of antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS: Core symptoms of ROHHAD may precipitate @entity146 . A systematic evidence-based approach to psychopharmacology is necessary in the setting of @entity146 consultation.

title: Nocturnal @entity148 in a Youth with Rapid-onset @entity28 , XXXX , @entity3316 , and Autonomic Dysregulation (ROHHAD).

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disturbances', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['Lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['Hypothalamic Dysfunction']


abstract: @entity6 is considered to be a consequence of retinal ischaemia caused by @entity432 . @entity432 is the result of microvascular thrombi in which erythrocytes, platelets and leucocytes each may play a role. We investigated the role of leucocytes in this process and the subsequent angiogenic response. We studied the serum levels of the soluble leucocyte adhesion molecules soluble @entity4105 , soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in the serum of 93 @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and varying degrees of @entity989 and 47 healthy age and sex matched control subjects. We also measured the ability of serum to stimulate retinal capillary endothelial cell migration using an assay of angiogenesis in vitro. Soluble @entity4105 and sVCAM-1 levels were raised in all @entity1 with @entity1723 (p < 0.001; p < 0.001) particularly those with @entity989 (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Soluble @entity4105 levels were highest in the @entity1 with severe non-proliferative @entity6 (p < 0.001) and sVCAM-1 levels were highest in @entity1 with proliferative @entity6 (p < 0.01). In contrast soluble @entity2071 levels were the same in @entity1 and control subjects (p > 0.05). Soluble @entity4105 levels in @entity6 @entity1 were correlated with the level of glycated haemoglobin (p < 0.05). Retinal endothelial cell migration-inducing (ECMI) activity was increased in @entity1 with @entity1723 (p < 0.01) in particular in those with @entity989 (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in vitro ECMI activity could be blocked by antibodies to sVCAM-1 and sE-Selectin. These data point to a functional role for leucocyte adhesion in the microvasculopathy of @entity6 and may have implications for the induction of retinal angiogenesis.

title: Soluble leucocyte adhesion molecules in XXXX stimulate retinal capillary endothelial cell migration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'Diabetic retinal neovascularisation', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['capillary occlusion', 'Capillary occlusion']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: Among the major limitations for cultivating biomass @entity1101 in temperate regions is low temperature in spring that results in low and non-uniform emergence. The adaptation of @entity1101 to tropical and subtropical highlands gives hint of genetic variation in cold tolerance during emergence. The objective of the present study was to detect marker-trait associations for parameters describing the emergence process under different temperature regimes. A diversity set comprising 194 genotypes was tested in nine controlled environments with temperatures ranging from 9.4 to 19.9   C. The genotypes were fingerprinted with 171 DArT markers. A piecewise linear regression model carried out on cumulative emergence was used to estimate genotype mean performance across environments and to carry out stability analysis on the parameters of the regression model. Base temperature (T (b)) and thermal time required for emergence (E ( @entity1950 )) were determined based on median time to emergence data. Identified QTL positions were compared to marker-trait associations for final emergence percentages under low (FEP(cold)) and normal (FEP(normal)) temperatures. QTL for mean final emergence percentage (FEP), FEP(cold) and FEP(normal,) T (b) and E ( @entity1950 ) were detected on SBI-01. Other QTL-rich regions were located on SBI-03, SBI-04, SBI-06, SBI-08, and SBI-09. Marker-trait associations for T (b) and E ( @entity1950 ) co-localized to QTL for the across environment stability of FEP and the median time to emergence or emergence rate, respectively. We conclude that genome regions on six chromosomes highly influencing cold tolerance during emergence are promising for regional association studies and for the development of stable markers for marker-assisted selection.

title: Genetic dissection of the temperature dependent emergence processes in XXXX using a cumulative emergence model and stability parameters.

answer: @entity1101 :: (4558,Species) :: ['sorghum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity551 transfusion reactions (HyTRs) may be underreported and have been associated with @entity1 taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) receiving poststorage leukoreduced blood products through negatively charged filters. Although bedside leukoreduction is no longer commonplace, HyTRs still occur and are insufficiently characterized in the prestorage leukoreduction era. We describe recently reported cases at our institution. METHODS: We reviewed transfusion reaction records at Stanford Healthcare from January 2014 to April 2015. HyTRs were defined by National Health Safety Network Hemovigilance Module classification. RESULTS: Eleven HyTRs occurred in 10 @entity1 . All were adults (mean age 71.7 years; range 45-92 years), 7 were male, and all underwent major surgery 0 to 2 days before the reaction. Nine @entity1 underwent cardiac or vascular surgery, and all 10 were taking ACEIs with the last dose taken within 48 hours of the transfusion reaction in 9 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 were on extracorporeal circuits within 24 hours before the reaction (median duration 180 minutes; range 87-474 minutes). In 5 reactions, the implicated unit was restarted with resultant recurrent @entity551 . Implicated units included 9 packed red blood cells, 1 apheresis platelet, and 1 plasma frozen within 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to what has been previously reported in the era of prestorage leukoreduction, HyTRs at our institution showed consistent patterns in @entity1 at risk. @entity1 scheduled to undergo major surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass may benefit from earlier preoperative cessation of ACEIs or temporarily switching to an alternative drug class.

title: Clinical Pattern in XXXX Transfusion Reactions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['Hypotensive']


abstract: This double-blind study aimed to determine whether superior @entity565 control is achieved with @entity4184 (Pulmicort Turbohaler) at a loading dose (LD) (400 micrograms b.d.) for 6 weeks, followed by step down to 400 micrograms nocte for 12 weeks, compared with a static dose (SD) (400 micrograms nocte) for 18 weeks. A total of 682 @entity1 (mean peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) 413 l/min), who demonstrated > or = 15% reversibility in PEFR, were randomised into the study. After 18 weeks, @entity1 experienced improvements in morning PEFR (+45 l/min, both groups), symptom score (LD -0.57, SD -0.49, on a scale of 0-3), @entity25 (LD -1.21 nights/week, SD -1.06 nights/week) and @entity2263 -agonist use (LD -1.36 puffs/day, SD -1.06 puffs/day), within both groups (each p = 0.0001). At 18 weeks, 82% (LD) and 84% (SD) of @entity1 benefited from no nocturnal wakening in the previous 7 days. Overall, at 18 weeks, @entity565 control was not significantly different between the groups. After 6 weeks, improvements in morning PEFR (LD +36 l/min, SD +26 l/min) and @entity2263 -agonist use (LD -1.10 puffs/day, SD -0.94 puffs/day) were greater in the loading dose than in the static dose group (each p < 0.05). The greater improvement in morning PEFR in the loading dose group was significant by day 7 (p < 0.05). While both regimens are equally effective in achieving @entity565 control at 18 weeks, early clinical advantage is gained with initial loading dose @entity4184 (400 micrograms b.d.).

title: Initial loading (400 micrograms twice daily) versus static (400 micrograms nocte) dose XXXX for @entity565 management. PLAN Research Group.

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['budesonide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Recent studies have shown that local radiotherapy can be an effective component of the treatment for @entity157 . To further improve therapeutic efficacy, use of drugs that can beneficially interact with radiation has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to identify drugs that can enhance radioresponse of @entity19 hepatocarcinoma. METHODS: C3H/HeJ @entity19 bearing 8 mm @entity5 of @entity19 hepatocarcinoma, HCa-I, were treated with 25 Gy radiation and one of the following drugs: 5-Fu, 150 mg/kg; @entity632 , 8 mg/kg; @entity900 , 6 mg/kg; @entity1311 , 40 mg/kg; and @entity136 , 50 mg/kg. @entity5 response to the treatment was determined by the use of a @entity5 growth delay assay and by an enhancement factor. The apoptotic level was assessed in tissue sections. The expression of regulating molecules was analyzed by using western blotting for @entity899 , @entity1379 , @entity1380 , @entity26667 , Bcl-XS, and @entity5207 ( @entity5207 / @entity5207 ). RESULTS: Among the drugs tested, only @entity136 enhanced the antitumor effect of radiation, with an enhancement factor of 1.6. The induction of apoptosis by a combination of @entity136 and radiation was shown as only an additive level. In the analysis of radiation-induced expression of regulating molecules, the most significant change by combining @entity136 with radiation was the activation of @entity5207 ( @entity5207 / @entity5207 ). CONCLUSION: @entity136 is the first to show an enhancement of radioresponse of @entity19 hepatocarcinoma when combined with radiation. The key element of enhancement is thought to be @entity5207 ( @entity5207 / @entity5207 ).

title: Enhancement of @entity5 radioresponse by combined chemotherapy in XXXX hepatocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2688 is a previously unreported complication of conservative surgery and radiation therapy for early stage @entity0 . @entity1 who presented with @entity0 after conservative therapy are described. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eleven @entity1 that developed @entity2688 of the breast over a 38-month period of observation are the subject of this report. Clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity2688 and their treatment and outcome are reported. Potential @entity1 and treatment-related correlates for the development of @entity2688 are analyzed. RESULTS: The risk of @entity2688 persists years after @entity0 therapy. The clinical course of our @entity1 was variable: some @entity1 required aggressive, long-duration antibiotic therapy, while others had rapid resolution with antibiotics. Three @entity1 suffered from multiple episodes of @entity2688 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity0 treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy are at risk for @entity0 . Systematic characterization of cases of @entity2688 may provide insight into diagnosis, prevention, and more effective therapy for this uncommon complication.

title: XXXX after conservative surgery and radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis', 'Cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['initial breast cancer', 'breast cellulitis', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cellulitis']


abstract: Long-term treatment of young spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) with @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitors has a persistent effect on blood pressure when treatment is withdrawn. The aim of the present study was to determine whether this effect could be mediated by the effect of treatment on resistance-artery structure. We determined the dose dependence of @entity1811 -inhibitor therapy on blood pressure and small-artery structure during treatment and on the recovery of blood pressure when treatment was withdrawn. SHR (40 per group) were treated from age 4 to 24 weeks with one of three doses of @entity4687 (0.4, 0.8, or 1.5 mg/kg per day). Control groups were untreated SHR and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 . At 24 weeks, treatment was stopped and small arteries were taken from half of the @entity35 from the mesenteric, femoral, cerebral, and coronary vascular beds for morphological and functional measurements. The blood pressure of the other half of the @entity35 was followed until 36 weeks of age. During treatment, @entity4687 caused a dose-dependent @entity551 and in the media-lumen ratio and media area of the small arteries, whereas there was a dose-dependent increase in lumen diameter. The effect of treatment on the structure of arteries from the different vascular beds was homogeneous. Compared with values from @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 , blood pressure normalization in SHR was not associated with full normalization of structure. After withdrawal of treatment, there was an inverse relation between @entity4687 dose and the persistent effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Dose-dependent effects of XXXX on blood pressure and small-artery structure.

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity4687 :: (MESH:D020913,Chemical) :: ['perindopril']


abstract: We report a case of cephalic @entity116 presenting with opisthotonus. A 49-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of repeated @entity410 . The @entity1 was a garbage truck driver known to be alcoholic, who fell down to suffer an injury of the left face two days before the onset of @entity410 . Intravenous administration of @entity3175 and @entity3174 partially relieved the @entity410 . Anti- @entity116 @entity1 immuno-globulin was also administered despite absence of typical clinical sign. Six hours later, however, the @entity1 became unable to open the mouth, i.e. lockjaw developed, and the diagnosis of @entity116 was made. Additional anti- @entity116 @entity1 immunoglobulin of 3,000 units and 4,500 units on the next day rapidly relieved the lockjaw, @entity410 , and general @entity2003 without sequalae. The @entity1 showed transient bilateral @entity3541 and @entity346 during the course. Cephalic tetaus is characterized by a history of an injury of the head and a short latency before developing generalized tonic @entity410 or opisthotonus. While a typical case presents with lockjaw, our case presented with opisthotonus, presumably because of early systemic lymphatic spreading of @entity116 toxin. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent generalized @entity410 which are more frequent and sometimes lethal in cephalic @entity116 than the common form.

title: [A case of cephalic XXXX presenting with opisthotonus].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['muscle rigidity']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['rotatory nystagmus']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: Endothelial @entity842 (NO) synthase (eNOS) produces NO, which contributes to vascular reactivity in the fetal lung. Pulmonary vasoreactivity develops during late gestation in the ovine fetal lung, during the period of rapid capillary and @entity851 . Although eNOS expression peaks near birth in the fetal @entity35 , lung capillary and distal air space development occur much later than in the fetal lamb. To determine whether lung eNOS expression in the lamb differs from the timing and pattern reported in the @entity35 , we measured eNOS mRNA and protein by Northern and Western blot analyses and NOS activity by the @entity369 -to-citrulline conversion assay in lung tissue from fetal, newborn, and maternal @entity742 . Cellular localization of eNOS expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. eNOS mRNA, protein, and activity were detected in samples from all ages, and eNOS was expressed predominantly in the vascular endothelium. Lung eNOS mRNA expression increases from low levels at 70 days gestation to peak at 113 days and remains high for the rest of fetal life. Newborn eNOS mRNA expression does not change from fetal levels but is lower in the adult ewe. Lung eNOS protein expression in the fetus rises and peaks at 118 days gestation but decreases before birth. eNOS protein expression rises in the newborn period but is lower in the adult. Lung NOS activity also peaks at 118 days gestation in the fetus before falling in late gestation and remaining low in the newborn and adult. We conclude that the pattern of lung eNOS expression in the @entity742 differs from that in the @entity35 and may reflect species-related differences in lung development. We speculate that the rise in fetal lung eNOS may contribute to the marked lung growth and angiogenesis that occurs during the same period of time.

title: Developmental changes in endothelial XXXX synthase expression and activity in ovine fetal lung.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar growth']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity23577 is a rare, benign, acquired form of digital @entity81 . The etiology of @entity23577 is unknown but is believed to be due to repeated mechanical injury of the skin. We report 2 cases identified in poultry processing workers and review other conditions associated with these cutaneous findings. OBSERVATIONS: The 2 workers in this report were employed as a @entity1573 catcher and a @entity1573 hanger. On examination, both workers had marked lateral thickening of the digits, with associated @entity158 and @entity111 . The workers' @entity272 developed despite the use of protective gloves, and their symptoms improved when removed from work. However, the swelling due to @entity81 persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Similar cutaneous findings have been reported in other occupations exposing individuals to repetitive skin @entity130 , and many @entity1 demonstrating a compulsive habit of hand manipulation. This supports the conclusion that @entity23577 in these @entity1 reflects repeated skin @entity130 . @entity130 in the poultry processing environment can result in considerable compensatory tissue changes. Preventive measures are needed to protect workers.

title: XXXX from repetitive motion in poultry processing workers: a report of 2 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity23577 :: ('MESH:C563947', 'Disease') :: ['Pachydermodactyly', 'pachydermodactyly']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin condition']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Repetitive mechanical injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity23577 :: (MESH:C563947,Disease) :: ['Pachydermodactyly']


abstract: The combination of @entity6513 , @entity1425 , and @entity2072 has gained wide acceptance as a topical anesthetic agent for use on pediatric dermal lacerations in the @entity2613 . This is despite the fact that the optimal dose and formulation have yet to be determined. @entity11636 can be applied painlessly to wounds and is about as effective as @entity3303 infiltration for anesthetizing pediatric @entity28583 . It is relatively ineffective on lacerations located elsewhere or in adults. The most commonly used @entity11636 solution contains high concentrations of @entity2072 , @entity6513 , and @entity1425 , drugs that individually can cause serious @entity137 if absorbed in sufficient amounts. In addition, the three components of @entity11636 may interact to potentiate their intrinsic @entity137 . The deliberate and inadvertent application of @entity11636 to mucous membranes has caused @entity159 and two pediatric deaths. The risk of @entity137 from misapplication of @entity11636 is heightened because @entity11636 is most effective and therefore most widely used on pediatric @entity28583 . @entity2072 is also absorbed after @entity11636 is applied to dermal lacerations and may cause @entity137 by this route. Until additional research is performed to establish the minimum effective dose of @entity11636 and its potential @entity137 and until FDA approval is granted, we do not think that it can be recommended as the drug of choice for pediatric @entity28583 in the @entity2613 . If @entity11636 is administered, a maximum dose of 2 to 3 mL of the "half-strength" formula proposed by Bonadio and Wagner should be used, and application should be performed by medical personnel, using a soaked gauze or @entity2708 ball. Care should be taken to make sure none of the solution comes in contact with mucous membranes, and @entity11636 should not be applied to lacerations involving the vermillion border of the lip or the lip itself. Close medical monitoring of the @entity1 is essential to detect signs of @entity137 . Research on other topical agents such as @entity6513 with @entity1425 is also needed. Although anesthetizing @entity130 remains a worthy goal, exposing @entity1 to added and unknown risks and increasing the cost of health care is unacceptable.

title: Use of XXXX , @entity1425 , and @entity2072 as a topical anesthetic in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity28583 :: ('MESH:D012536', 'Disease') :: ['facial and scalp lacerations']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['Cocaine', 'cocaine']

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['wounds painlessly']

answer: @entity6513 :: (MESH:D013748,Chemical) :: ['tetracaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6391 is a group of @entity74 that involves the breakdown and loss of photoreceptors in the retina, resulting in progressive @entity2000 . The @entity1605 Retinal Prosthesis System is the only currently available surgical implantable device approved by Health Canada. It has been shown to improve visual function in @entity1 with severe @entity227 from advanced @entity6391 . The objective of this analysis was to examine the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, budget impact, and safety of the @entity262 in improving visual function, as well as exploring @entity1 experiences with the system. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of the literature for studies examining the effects of the @entity1605 retinal prosthesis system in @entity1 with advanced @entity6391 , and appraised the evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group criteria, focusing on visual function, functional outcomes, quality of life, and adverse events. We developed a Markov decision-analytic model to assess the cost-effectiveness of the @entity262 compared with standard care over a 10-year time horizon. We also conducted a 5-year budget impact analysis. We used a qualitative design and an interview methodology to examine @entity1 ' lived experience, and we used a modified grounded theory methodology to analyze information from interviews. Transcripts were coded, and themes were compared against one another. RESULTS: One multicentre international study and one single-centre study were included in the clinical review. In both studies, @entity1 showed improved visual function with the @entity262 . However, the sight-threatening surgical complication rate was substantial. In the base-case analysis, the @entity262 was cost-effective compared with standard care only if willingness-to-pay was more than  207,616 per quality-adjusted life-year. The 5-year budget impact of funding the @entity262 ranged from  800,404 to  837,596. @entity6391 significantly affects @entity1 's ability to navigate physical and virtual environments. @entity1605 was described as enabling the fundamental elements of sight. As such, it had a positive impact on quality of life for @entity1 with @entity6391 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on evidence of moderate quality, @entity1 with advanced @entity6391 who were implanted with the @entity1605 retinal prosthesis system showed significant improvement in visual function, real-life functional outcomes, and quality of life, but there were complications associated with the surgery that could be managed through standard ophthalmologic treatments. The costs for the technology are high.

title: Retinal Prosthesis System for XXXX : A Health Technology Assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration and eventual blindness']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Argus II system']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'Retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['Advanced Retinitis Pigmentosa']


abstract: The acute effects of @entity8425 are well known. However, the occurrence and the mechanisms of the delayed sequelae are still unclear. The effects on peripheral nerves and the sympathetic system in particular are poorly documented. A 47-year old @entity1 was injured on the left arm by contact with a 380 V tension switch in January 1990. A few hours after the accident he complained of @entity158 , @entity809 , @entity425 of the arm. @entity1931 and @entity3797 without @entity75 were observed. During the subsequent months the symptoms did not change except for the appearance of signs of @entity3002 ( @entity1119 , @entity4 , @entity194 of the skin and nails, excessive sweating). One year later thermographic evidence and the effect of anesthetic blockade of the sympathetic chain on the @entity158 , @entity2720 and weakness of the arm confirmed the clinical diagnosis of @entity6865 . @entity1337 and motility improvement were achieved by means of sympathetic blockades although the @entity1 's hand grip force and thumb-little finger grip were still weakened. Any known etiology besides @entity1457 could be associated with these clinical signs. The cause of the @entity6865 may be multifactorial. In this @entity1 the @entity1457 might have damaged peripheral sympathetic fibres or cervical @entity21 . @entity1897 and sympathetic hyperactivity can contribute to the development of such syndrome.

title: [Reflex @entity6865 following XXXX : description of a clinical case].

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['Allodynia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous trophic lesions']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['autonomous nervous system hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['electric shock']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness and motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['electrical injuries']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Lesions of the peripheral nerves']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['burning pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness of joints']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity3797 :: ('MESH:D007007', 'Disease') :: ['anhidrosis']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['electric shock']


abstract: The nude @entity19 graft model for testing the hair-forming ability of selected cell populations has considerable potential for providing insights into factors that are important for hair follicle development and proper hair formation. We have developed a minimal component system consisting of immature hair follicle buds from newborn pigmented C57BL/6 @entity19 and adenovirus E1A-immortalized @entity35 vibrissa @entity1829 cells. Hair follicle buds contribute to formation of hairless skin when grafted alone or with @entity19 cells, but produce densely haired skin when grafted with a fresh dermal cell preparation. The fresh dermal cell preparation represents the single cell fraction after hair follicles have been removed from a collagenase digest of newborn @entity19 dermis. It provides @entity1829 cells, fibroblasts, and possibly other important growth factor-producing cell types. @entity35 vibrissa @entity1829 cells supported dense hair growth at early passage in culture but progressively lost this potential during repeated passage in culture. Of 19 E1A-immortalized, clonally derived @entity35 vibrissa @entity1829 cell lines, the four most positive clones supported hair growth to the extent of approximately 200 to 300 hairs per 1-2 cm2 graft area. The remaining clones were moderately positive (five clones), weakly positive (three clones), or negative (seven clones). @entity19 cells prevented contraction of the graft area but did not appear to affect the number of hairs in the graft site produced by @entity1829 cells plus hair follicle buds alone. The relatively low hair density (estimated 1-5% of normal) resulting from grafts of hair follicle buds with the most positive of the immortalized @entity1829 cell clones compared to fresh dermal cells suggests that optimal reconstitution of hair growth requires some function of @entity1829 cells partially lost during the immortalization process and possibly the contribution of other cell types present in the fresh dermal cell preparation, which is not supplied by the @entity19 cells. The current graft system, comprising hair follicle buds and immortalized @entity1829 cell clones, provides an assay for positive or negative influences on hair growth exerted by added selected cell types, growth factors, or other substances. Characterization of the phenotype of the @entity1829 cell lines, which differ in their ability to support hair growth when grafted with hair follicle buds, may provide insight into specific @entity1829 cell properties important for their function in this system.

title: In vivo regulation of XXXX hair growth: insights from grafting defined cell populations onto @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['dermal papilla']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The budding @entity375 @entity375 uses two mitogenactivated protein (MAP) kinase cascades, the @entity18385 and the @entity19624 pathways, to signal responses to @entity4372 , respectively. @entity1 cells and the @entity6739 @entity6739 have functional homologues of @entity18385 - p38/RK/CSBP and Sty1 - which, unlike @entity18385 , also mediate other responses. We have investigated the involvement of @entity6739 MAP kinase pathways in signalling a newly described response to osmotic stress - that of vacuole fusion and fission. RESULTS: When @entity6739 is placed into water, its vacuoles rapidly fuse into larger structures enclosing a greater proportion of the cell's volume. Under some conditions, its vacuoles can slowly fragment in response to salt. Fission requires the Sty1 pathway and also Pmk1, the homologue of @entity375 @entity19624 . Fusion requires Pmk1, @entity7924 - the homologue of a protein involved in @entity375 vacuole fusion - and part of the Sty1 pathway, although Sty1 phosphorylation is unaffected by @entity2421 conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Vacuole fusion and fission appear to be homeostatic mechanisms that restore the concentration of the cytosol. Vacuole fusion, like stimulated secretion in higher eukaryotes, is a rapid and specific process of membrane fusion in response to an external stimulus. The Sty1 pathway, in addition to its role in responding to hypertonic stress, is required at a basal level for the expression of factors required to respond to @entity2421 stress - a mechanism that may allow the cell to use a common pathway for different responses.

title: Regulated vacuole fusion and fission in XXXX : an osmotic response dependent on MAP kinases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['fission yeast', 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe', 'S. pombe']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic and hypotonic stress']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate histomorphometrically, in @entity235 , the effect of @entity2193 ( @entity2193 ), with or without @entity30913 ( @entity30913 ), in a periodontal Class III furcation model. @entity6876 were created in P3 and P4 of six @entity235 . The defects were allowed to stabilize for 21 days. Four experimental conditions were established: G1: control ( @entity44947 ); G2: @entity2193 ; G3: @entity30913 and G4: @entity2193 + @entity30913 . After 12 weeks, the @entity235 were euthanized. Their jaws were removed, fixed, decalcified, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Semi-serial sections were obtained, stained and examined with light microscopy. The @entity6876 were not completely closed in any specimen, with downgrowth of the junctional epithelium into the furcation area. The morphologic characteristics of the newly formed tissues in the test groups were similar to the control group, with slight differences in average values, but with no statistically significant differences between the groups. This study was not able to provide histological evidence that @entity2193 , @entity30913 and @entity2193 + @entity30913 present additional advantages in periodontal bone formation in a Class III furcation model in @entity235 .

title: Enamel matrix derivative and XXXX in @entity6876 . A histomorphometric study in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity6876 :: ('MESH:D017823', 'Disease') :: ['furcation defects', 'Class III furcation defects']

entities_list: @entity30913 :: ('403998(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity44947 :: ('MESH:C038550', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol alginate']

entities_list: @entity2193 :: ('MESH:D003744', 'Disease') :: ['enamel matrix derivative', 'EMD']

answer: @entity30913 :: (403998(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mortality and morbidity of @entity1 operated for @entity703 with inferior vena cava extension according to the surgical management and the upper limit of the @entity5 @entity715 . underwent radical nephrectomy with resection of neoplastic venous @entity715 extending into the inferior vena cava. The upper limit of the @entity5 @entity715 was below the hepatic veins in 21 cases (52.5%) and above the hepatic veins in 19 cases (47.50%) with invasion of the right atrium in 6 cases (150). RESULTS: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was used in 12 @entity1 (30%). The transfusion rate was 87.5%. In the group of 19 @entity1 with @entity715 extending above the hepatic veins, the transfusion rate was lower in @entity1 operated by CPB (p=0.008). Intraoperative @entity887 occurred in 3 @entity1 (7.5%): 2 cases of @entity6650 and 1 case of @entity3728 , always in @entity1 operated without CPB. The early mortality was 7.5% from @entity548 . The early morbidity was 47.5%. No significant difference was observed between groups of @entity1 operated with or without CPB in terms of morbidity (p=0.836) or mortality (p=0.896). CONCLUSION: The management of @entity1 with @entity703 and inferior vena cava extension is complicated and requires a multidisciplinary approach. @entity1 operated under CPB for @entity5 extending above the hepatic veins have a lower transfusion rate and a lower @entity887 rate with no increase of mortality and morbidity.

title: [Morbidity and mortality of XXXX with inferior vena cava extention according to various types of surgical management].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3728 :: ('MESH:D004618', 'Disease') :: ['gas embolism']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity6650 :: ('MESH:D016769', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic complication', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal cancer']


abstract: @entity205 is a potent immunosuppressive drug with almost a decade of clinical use. Due to its lack of @entity236 , it has assumed a leading role in organ transplant surgery. Likewise, it has shown remarkable efficacy in @entity1569 and has shown potential usefulness in other @entity66 , most of which are thought to have an autoimmune T-cell-mediated pathogenesis. There are many other @entity272 in which T lymphocytes represent a majority of the cellular infiltrates, and theoretically such disorders may be responsive to CsA. Diseases such as @entity9338 , @entity3408 , @entity9584 , and @entity1694 are potential areas of further study. The potential use of topical and intralesional CsA also warrants further clinical evaluation. There are reports of topical CsA showing effectiveness for @entity1665 areata and nickel contact sensitivity. Griffiths et al. treated six psoriatic @entity1 with 2% CsA ointment twice daily for 4 weeks. The response to placebo or CsA at the end of the study was similar in all @entity1 . Notably, there was no measured systemic absorption and no change in blood pressure or renal function. We had similar unimpressive results in several @entity1 treated with a 10% solution of CsA; minimal to no response was seen. Of great benefit would be an effective topical preparation without systemic absorption or @entity137 . Future studies will need to carefully evaluate the vehicle used and the strength of topical CsA employed. The role of CsA in @entity66 still needs much investigation, both at the clinical and basic science levels. The studies to date show dramatic and exciting results. Indeed, CsA may well represent a major advance in the understanding and treatment of @entity1569 . However, the decision to use CsA for nonfatal diseases such as @entity1569 will require a careful balance between efficacy and @entity137 . If long-term side effects can be avoided or kept within reasonably safe, acceptable limits, CsA holds great promise for the treatment of @entity1569 . It may at times be used as an acute intervention, with a relatively large, initial dose for a short period of time to quickly clear severe @entity1569 . This could be followed by either a reduction to a lower and safer maintenance dose or a program of other treatments. @entity205 may also prove useful alone in very low doses or in combination therapy, as with UVB or PUVA. Optimal dosing protocols are currently under investigation.

title: Therapy of @entity66 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic diseases', 'dermatologic disease']

entities_list: @entity9584 :: ('MESH:D017454', 'Disease') :: ['photoallergy']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity9338 :: ('MESH:D008010', 'Disease') :: ['lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory skin conditions']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow toxicity']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin A']


abstract: Inhibition of @entity671 ( @entity19818 ) binding by @entity141 and @entity1025 remains a controversial issue: the @entity141 effect may also be explained by @entity19818 generation due to a @entity141 -sensitive phospholipase C, and the @entity1025 effect by @entity19818 degradation. In this study, we have, therefore, investigated the effects of @entity141 and @entity1025 on @entity19818 binding to membranes of the myeloid cell line HL-60 and assayed in parallel phospholipase C activity and @entity19818 degradation. The assays for @entity19818 binding, @entity19818 generation, and @entity19818 degradation were performed under identical experimental conditions. @entity141 significantly and reversibly decreased @entity19818 binding at submicromolar concentrations. @entity141 stimulated @entity19818 generation only at concentrations above 1 microM. At 1 microM [ @entity141 ], @entity19818 binding was inhibited by 46 +/- 6%, but no @entity19818 generation was observed. @entity1025 between 0 and 1 mM slightly stimulated, while higher concentrations inhibited, @entity19818 binding. @entity1025 did not activate phospholipase C. Neither @entity141 nor @entity1025 induced relevant @entity19818 degradation under the conditions of the binding assay. The effects of @entity141 and @entity1025 on @entity19818 binding were conserved after solubilization of HL-60 membranes. However, only @entity1025 , but not @entity141 , inhibited @entity19818 binding to the receptor that had been partially purified by heparin affinity chromatography. The @entity141 sensitivity of @entity19818 binding to the partially purified receptor could be reconstituted by addition of the flow-through of the heparin column. No @entity141 -dependent @entity19818 generation was observed in the reconstituted system. Thus, we conclude that both @entity141 and @entity1025 can inhibit Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding independently of phospholipase C activation and Ins(1,4,5)P3 breakdown. The @entity141 effect depends upon factors that can be separated biochemically from the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor. @entity1025 acts either directly on the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor or on a closely associated target.

title: XXXX and @entity1025 regulation of @entity671 binding in myeloid cells.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study was to present our experience with @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ) and clinical evaluation of the results following auricular helical rim reconstruction with this technique in @entity1 after @entity130 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed the results in 12 @entity1 who underwent three-staged auricular helical rim reconstruction with @entity5274 following @entity130 in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery between 2005-2014. The @entity1 were followed-up for at least 1 year. We evaluated early and long-term results after surgery including plastic surgeon's and @entity1 's opinion. RESULTS: Postoperative results were satisfactory (very good) in 10 cases, both in the opinion of the plastic surgeon and @entity1 . Transient @entity450 of the helix occurred in two cases (16.6%). This complication did not have any influence on estimation of the results after surgery. Delayed @entity130 in the poles of the reconstructed helical edge, as well as non-aesthetic helical scars with imperfections of helical rim, were seen in another two @entity1 (16.6%). CONCLUSIONS: 1. @entity5274 flap reconstructions after helical rim @entity130 allowed for complete restoration of contour, size and orientation of the helix and the whole operated ear, which confirms the efficiency of the applied technique. 2. Reconstructive surgery with @entity5274 in @entity1 with auricular helical rim defects contributed to postoperative satisfaction in both @entity1 and doctors' estimations.

title: Results of auricular helical rim reconstruction with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['Post-auricular tube', 'ptf', 'post-auricular tube flap']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['wound healing', 'trauma']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['post-auricular tube flap']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy exists regarding the relationship between radiographic findings and clinical status in @entity626 . Although the surgical indication for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) should be based on @entity158 , clinical status, and the deterioration of quality of life, the radiographic study is the most commonly used criterion for preoperative evaluation. The objective of this study is to find out the relationship between the Ahlb  ck classification and clinical status in @entity1 undergoing TKA. METHODS: 1329 protocols were collected from preoperative studies in four multicentric working groups (the Interax, Duracon, Scorpio, and Triathlon Spanish groups) in 30 Spanish hospitals. Mean age was 70.4 years (SD: 6.8; range: 35 to 98); 76.3% of @entity1 were @entity1 . @entity1 entered the study whenever the surgeon found that medical treatment was insufficient to control @entity158 and functional limitation. Data were collected using electronic Case Report Forms, and included Ahlb  ck grading scores, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score ( @entity8221 ), SF-12, and other clinical and epidemiologic variables. RESULTS: According to the Ahlb  ck grading system, @entity1 were divided as follows: 243 grade I (18.3%), 358 grade II (26.9%), 416 grade III (31.3%), 241 grade IV (18.1%), and 71 grade V (5.3%). As for @entity8221 , the following scores were obtained: <60 points in 925 @entity1 (69.6%), 60 to 69 points in 286 @entity1 (21.5%), 70 to 84 points in 112 @entity1 (8.4%) and 85 to 100 points in 6 @entity1 (0.5%). Scores showed a statistically significant difference depending on Ahlb  ck grade, with a clear tendency towards decrease in @entity8221 scores as the Ahlb  ck grade increases (p<0.001). However, the @entity8221 score difference between Ahlb  ck grades I and V was of 9.56 points only. Comparing the status of the @entity1 at the start (1994) and at the end (2010) of the data collection process, we observed that @entity1 who underwent surgery in the last years were older and showed a lower Ahlb  ck grade. CONCLUSIONS: We found a relationship between Ahlb  ck grading and the preoperative clinical score. The range of variability of the @entity8221 score between the different Ahlb  ck grades is small.

title: Relationship between radiological grading and clinical status in XXXX . A multicentric study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: The triterpene @entity40534 (TA) has been reported to exhibit anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties, and minimal @entity137 has been detected in in vivo. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and apoptosis resistance are hallmarks of @entity66 , such as @entity256 . The present study was designed to assess the effects of TA on the phenotype of cultured VSMC. The exposure of VSMC to TA (30 muM) significantly increased apoptosis of serum-deprived A7r5 cells, whereas cell survival in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum was less affected by the drug. On the other hand, even in the presence of serum, A7r5 cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by TA, an effect that persisted for at least 8 days of daily administration of TA. As preservation of endothelial integrity is critical to normal vascular function, we also evaluated the effects of TA on @entity1 umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVEC). Interestingly, TA did not produce significant changes in the levels of apoptosis and proliferation of HUVEC. Our data indicate that TA is a VSMC apoptosis inducer and proliferation inhibitor. The anti-growth action in VSMC in the presence of serum, and the absence of significant effects in endothelial cells suggest that TA may control VSMC abnormal proliferation and cell death resistance without affecting the normal vasculature. We conclude that TA should be investigated further as a potential tool for the prevention and treatment of @entity455 , particularly in the setting of @entity256 .

title: XXXX reduces vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and survival.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vasculoproliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity40534 :: ('MESH:C007695', 'Chemical') :: ['tormentic acid']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['post-angioplasty restenosis']

answer: @entity40534 :: (MESH:C007695,Chemical) :: ['Tormentic acid']