abstract: OBJECTIVE: In view of paucity of studies on Central @entity158 (CPSP), in this hospital based prospective study; we evaluated the frequency, spectrum, imaging and Quantitative sensory testing in cohort of @entity64 @entity1 with CPSP. METHODS: @entity64 @entity1 who developed CPSP at onset or during follow up were included. @entity1 were subjected to clinical evaluation and sensory testing. Severity of @entity64 were defined by @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) and disability by Barthel Index. Quantitative sensory testing included monofilament testing and evaluation for static and dynamic mechanical @entity1931 , @entity1931 , temporal summation, cold @entity1931 and @entity1931 . Sleep, @entity148 and @entity308 were also evaluated. @entity1 were treated with @entity4481 150-600 mg/d and good response defined as >50% improvement in VAS score. CPSP symptoms were correlated with demographic information, sensory findings and imaging findings. RESULTS: 319 @entity1 with @entity64 were evaluated. CPSP occurred in 66 (20.7%) of them. Median age of CPSP @entity1 was 55 (range 25-80) years. 31.8% @entity1 were females. Onset, duration and distribution of @entity158 were variable. Severity of symptoms did not correlate with demographic variables and site of lesion. Spino- thalamic sensations were normal in 42.3% @entity1 . On treatment with @entity4481 (150-600 mg) half of the @entity1 had good response. DISCUSSION: CPSP was present in 20.7% of @entity64 @entity1 . Spinothalamic tract dysfunction may not be necessary for development of CPSP and it can be seen with normal spinothalamic sensation also. Location of @entity64 , its type and quality and severity of CPSP was not related.

title: Central XXXX Can Occur with Normal Sensation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'cold hyperalgesia', 'punctuate hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'Modified Rankin scale']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'post stroke pain']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Post Stroke Pain']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Because of the severity of disease and additional surgery, @entity30 ( @entity30 ) may result in intestinal failure (IF) and dependency on @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ). Defining the indication and timing for intestinal transplantation (ITx) is challenging. OBJECTIVES: To determine the limitations of conventional surgery and to facilitate the decision making for transplantation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Data were collected prospectively and obtained by retrospective review of medical records from all @entity1 with @entity30 who were assessed for ITx in Oxford, United Kingdom, and Berlin, Germany, from October 10, 2003, through July 31, 2013. @entity1 were considered suitable for ITx if a diagnosis of irreversible IF was established and life-threatening complications under @entity3147 were unresolvable. Twenty @entity1 with @entity30 and IF, established on @entity3147 , were evaluated for ITx. The mean (SD) age at @entity30 onset was 17.8 (9.8) years. On first diagnosis, most @entity1 had a stricturing @entity30 . By the time of referral, most had a combination of stricturing and fistulizing disease. INTERVENTIONS: New scoring system: a modification of the American Gastroenterology Association guidelines for ITx. Modifications are related to @entity30 -specific issues that potentially lead to a poorer outcome and are based on the findings of the study to determine the expected benefit from ITx. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: A scoring system that would alert the physician to the severity of the @entity1 's @entity30 and trigger early referral for ITx. This system may translate into better long-term outcomes for @entity1 with @entity30 . In addition, the Karnofsky performance status score was used to compare pretransplantation and posttransplantation outcomes. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 underwent ITx, 4 were on the waiting list, and 4 were unavailable for follow-up. One @entity1 was taken off the waiting list because of severe deterioration. One @entity1 underwent conventional stricturoplasty and did not need transplantation. Among the transplant recipients, 17 (85%) had a stoma or enterocutaneous @entity292 , and the mean (SD) residual bowel length was 71.5 (38) cm. A total of 80% of transplant recipients had life-threatening @entity1212 , and 13 (65%) had a significant decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate. At a mean (SD) follow-up of 27.6 (36.1) months for transplant recipients, the @entity1 and graft survival is 80%, and their Karnofsky performance status score increased by a mean of 18.6%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Intestinal transplantation is a suitable treatment option for @entity1 with @entity30 and IF. It should be considered before any additional attempts at conventional surgery, which may cause eligible @entity1 to miss this opportunity through perioperative complications. The suggested scoring system enables the physician to identify @entity1 who may benefit from transplantation before @entity3147 -associated secondary organ failure.

title: Chronic intestinal failure after XXXX : when to perform transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter infections']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['HPN', 'home parenteral nutrition']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Crohn disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Perioperative management of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a constant dilemma and challenging for gastrointestinal surgeons. Postoperative pancreatic @entity292 (POPF) and delayed @entity356 (DGE) are of particular concern, and the onset of these conditions indicates a prolonged postoperative stay (POS). The procedure and postoperative outcomes of pancreaticojejunostomy performed at our hospital are reported. METHODOLOGY: POPF, DGE, and POS were investigated in 54 @entity1 who had undergone PD at our hospital since June 2007. Pancreaticojejunal end-to-side @entity254 using the invagination method without a stenting tube and without duct-to-mucosa @entity254 was performed in all @entity1 , regardless of pancreatic duct diameter. RESULTS: There were 26 @entity1 (48.2%) without POPF, 24 (44.4%) with grade A, 4 (7.4%) with grade B, and none with grade C. The mean POS was 28.3 days. DGE was observed in 4 @entity1 (7.4%) who underwent pylorus-preserving PD (PpPD). There were 34 @entity1 with a soft pancreas. None of the @entity1 experienced intraperitoneal @entity548 or abscess, and no surgery-related @entity204 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The reconstructive pancreaticojejunostomy procedure performed at our hospital appears to be safe and convenient, and we plan to collect additional data, including assessments of the function of the remaining pancreas, in the future.

title: Results of pancreaticojejunal end-to-side XXXX using the invagination method without a pancreatic stenting tube.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Understanding the regulation of death pathways, @entity39 and apoptosis, in @entity788 is important for developing therapies directed to the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. @entity7131   ( @entity7131  ) has been previously shown to regulate inflammatory responses and zymogen activation in @entity788 . Furthermore, we demonstrated that @entity1068 specifically activated @entity7131   in @entity9451 and that @entity7131   mediated the sensitizing effects of @entity1068 on inflammatory response in @entity788 . Here we investigated the role of @entity7131   in the regulation of death pathways in @entity788 . We found that genetic deletion of @entity7131   resulted in decreased @entity39 and severity in the in vivo cerulein-induced @entity788 and that inhibition of @entity7131   protected the acinar cells from CCK-8 hyperstimulation-induced @entity39 and @entity855 reduction. These findings were associated with upregulation of mitochondrial Bak and @entity1379 / @entity26667 , proapoptotic and prosurvival members in the @entity1379 family, respectively, as well as increased mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and apoptosis in @entity788 in @entity7131   knockout @entity19 . We further confirmed that cerulein @entity788 induced a dramatic mitochondrial translocation of @entity7131  , suggesting that @entity7131   regulated @entity39 in @entity788 via mechanisms involving mitochondria. Finally, we showed that @entity7131   deletion downregulated inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, @entity63858 , @entity181 , and c-FLIPs while promoting cleavage/inactivation of receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP). Taken together, our findings provide evidence that @entity7131   activation during @entity788 promotes @entity39 through mechanisms involving mitochondrial proapoptotic and prosurvival @entity1379 family proteins and upregulation of nonmitochondrial pathways that inhibit caspase activation and RIP cleavage/inactivation. Thus @entity7131   is a potential target for prevention and/or treatment of acute @entity788 .

title: Genetic inhibition of protein kinase C   attenuates @entity39 in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic acinar cells']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'Protein kinase C']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is an inflammatory airway disease often associated with @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) exposure. The disease is increasing in global prevalence and there is no effective therapy. A major step forward would be to understand the disease pathogenesis. The @entity855 - @entity6200 pathway plays a dominant role in @entity19 models of @entity1981 induced @entity32 , and markers of activation of this @entity2270 are upregulated in @entity1 with @entity1030 . This strongly suggests that the @entity2270 could be important in the pathogenesis of @entity1030 . The aim of this study was to perform a detailed characterisation of the signalling pathway components involved in the @entity1981 -driven, @entity6200 dependent @entity32 . METHODS: We used a @entity19 model system, bioassays and a range of genetically modified @entity19 to better understand this complex signalling pathway. RESULTS: The inflammasome-associated proteins @entity6198 and @entity34552 , but not @entity38567 and @entity59129 , are required for @entity1981 -induced @entity635 / @entity6026 release, but not @entity634 . This was associated with a partial decrease in lung tissue @entity13761 activity and BALF @entity4795 . @entity19 missing @entity13761 or caspase 11 had markedly attenuated levels of all three cytokines and @entity4795 . Finally the mechanism by which these inflammatory proteins are involved in the @entity1981 -induced @entity4795 appeared to be via the induction of proteins involved in neutrophil transmigration e.g. @entity24780 . CONCLUSION: This data indicates a key role for the @entity6200 - @entity6198 / @entity34552 - @entity13761 /11- @entity635 / @entity6026 @entity2270 in @entity1981 induced @entity32 , highlighting this pathway as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of @entity1030 .

title: Role of the Inflammasome- @entity13761 /11-IL-1/18 Axis in Cigarette Smoke Driven Airway Inflammation: An Insight into the Pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD', 'Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['cigarette smoke', 'CS']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: Previous studies had explored the diagnostic and prognostic value of the structural neuroimaging data of @entity4696 and treated the whole brain voxels, the fractional anisotropy and the structural connectivity as classification features. To our best knowledge, no study examined the potential diagnostic value of the hubs of anatomical brain networks in @entity4696 . The purpose of the current study was to provide an exploratory examination of the potential diagnostic and prognostic values of hubs of @entity62 in @entity4696 discrimination and the corresponding impaired hub pattern via a multi-pattern analysis. We constructed @entity62 from 29 @entity308 and 30 healthy controls based on diffusion tensor imaging data, calculated nodal measures and identified hubs. Using these measures as features, two types of feature architectures were established, one only included hubs (HUB) and the other contained both hubs and non hubs. The support vector machine classifiers with Gaussian radial basis kernel were used after the feature selection. Moreover, the relative contribution of the features was estimated by means of the consensus features. Our results presented that the hubs (including the bilateral dorsolateral part of superior frontal gyrus, the left middle frontal gyrus, the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, and the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus) played an important role in distinguishing the @entity308 from healthy controls with the best accuracy of 83.05%. Moreover, most of the HUB consensus features located in the frontal-parieto circuit. These findings provided evidence that the hubs could be served as valuable potential diagnostic measure for @entity4696 , and the hub-concentrated lesion distribution of @entity4696 was primarily anchored within the frontal-parieto circuit.

title: Abnormal hubs of white matter networks in the frontal-parieto circuit contribute to XXXX discrimination via pattern classification.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter brain networks']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressions']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Alternaria alternata is a fungal allergen linked to the development of severe @entity565 in @entity1 . In view of the clinical relationship between A. alternata and @entity565 , we sought to investigate the allergic activity of this antigen after direct application to the lungs of Brown @entity35 . Here we demonstrate that a single intratracheal instillation of A. alternata induces dose and time dependent eosinophil influx, @entity4 and Type 2 helper cell cytokine production in the lungs of BN @entity35 . We established the temporal profile of eosinophilic infiltration and cytokine production, such as @entity22538 and @entity10957 , following A. alternata challenge. These responses were comparable to Ovalbumin induced models of @entity565 and resulted in peak inflammatory responses 48h following a single challenge, eliminating the need for multiple sensitizations and challenges. The initial perivascular and peribronchiolar inflammation preceded @entity32 , progressing to a more sub-acute inflammatory response with notable epithelial cell @entity1184 . To limit the effects of an A. alternata inflammatory response, @entity64672 was utilized as it is an antagonist for Chemoattractant Receptor-homologous molecule expressed in Th2 cells. In a dose-dependent manner, @entity64672 decreased eosinophil influx and Th2 cytokine production following the A. alternata challenge. Furthermore, therapeutic administration of @entity288 resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in eosinophil influx and Th2 cytokine production. Reproducible @entity565 -related outcomes and amenability to pharmacological intervention by mechanisms relevant to @entity565 demonstrate that an A. alternata induced @entity55 in BN @entity35 is a valuable preclinical pharmacodynamic in vivo model for evaluating the pharmacological inhibitors of @entity55 .

title: Anti-inflammatory actions of Chemoattractant Receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 by the antagonist @entity64672 in a novel XXXX model of Alternaria alternata elicited @entity55 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation', 'allergic pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Norway rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although a recent survey on pediatric @entity296 in Japan showed that 48% of @entity1 died despite the medical treatment, pediatric cardiac transplantation is not legal in Japan. We determined the feasibility of partial left ventriculectomy as an alternative to end-stage @entity384 . METHOD: We retrospective analyzed partial left ventriculectomy in 4 pediatric @entity1 with end-stage @entity384 . RESULTS: In case 1, an 8-month-old @entity1 underwent semiemergency partial left ventriculectomy. Her ejection fraction increased from 10% to 25%, and her condition improved initially, but she developed @entity712 and underwent cardiac transplantation 6 months later in the US. In case 2, a 3-year-old @entity1 developed severe @entity712 2 months after @entity1757 repair. Intensive medical therapy failed, so partial left ventriculectomy was done, which increased his ejection fraction from 15% to 35%. His condition is stable 35 months after surgery. In case 3, a 2-year-old @entity1 with a chromosomal anomaly undergoing @entity1757 repair developed progressive @entity712 1 year later. Despite emergency partial left ventriculectomy, she died of hemoptysis 2 weeks postoperatively. In case 4, a 2-year-old @entity1 developing progressive @entity712 unresponsive to medical therapy after 10 months underwent elective partial left ventriculectomy and remains in stable condition 18 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Partial left ventriculectomy is appropriate for selected @entity1 with end-stage @entity384 if medical therapy is not effective and heart transplantation is not possible.

title: Partial left ventriculectomy in pediatric end-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To reveal the possible mechanism involved in patella-femoral @entity571 (PFDA) in- duced by @entity85 via analyzing the relationship between @entity85 of the @entity2091 in @entity1 with PFDA and the @entity2720 under the static and dynamic conditions. METHODS: From October 2009 to October 2010, 50 @entity1 (86 knees, 24 knees of male @entity1 and 62 knees of female @entity1 ) with PFDA were classified as disease group and 16 @entity1 (23 knees, 7 knees of males and 16 knees of females) in the control group. The follow indexes were measured: the torsion-angle of @entity2091 on CT scanning imagings, the patella-femoral congruence angle and lateral patella-femoral angle under static and dynamic conditions when the knee bent at 30 degrees of flexion. Based on the measurement results, the relationship between the @entity85 and the @entity2720 in @entity1 with PFDA were analyzed. Finally,the @entity1 were divided into three groups including large torsion-angle group, small torsion-angle group and normal group according to the size of torsion-angle, in order to analyze the relationship between @entity85 and @entity2720 , especially under the dynamic conditions. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 without PFDA, the ones with PFDA had bigger torsion-angle (30.30    7.11)   of @entity2091 , larger patella-femoral congruence angle (13.20    3.94)   and smaller lateral patella-femoral angle (12.30    3.04)  . The congruence angle and lateral patella-femoral angle under static and dynamic conditions had statistical differences respectively in both too-big torsion-angle group and too-small torsion-angle group. The congruence angle and lateral patella-femoral angle under static and dynamic conditions had no statistical differences in normal torsion-angle group. CONCLUSION: @entity85 of @entity2091 is the main reason for @entity2720 in the @entity1 with PFDA. @entity85 of @entity2091 is always accompanied by @entity14884 ,especially under the dynamic condition, thus causing PFDA. It can not only provide arrangement information and @entity179 ,but also provide guidance through the analysis on the relationship for better clinical prevention and early treatment of @entity79 .

title: [Correlation analysis on the @entity85 of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative arthritis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative bone and joint disease']

entities_list: @entity14884 :: ('MESH:D007593', 'Disease') :: ['instability of patella-femoral joint']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative condition of patella-femoral joint']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of patella-femoral joint', 'disorders of patella-femoral joints', 'disorders of patella-femoral joint']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['torsion-deformity', 'Torsion-deformity', 'torsion-deformity of tibia', 'torsion-deformity of tibias']

answer: @entity2091 :: (MESH:C535563,Disease) :: ['tibia']


abstract: Type VII collagen is the major component of anchoring fibrils within the cutaneous basement membrane zone. The large @entity1472 -terminal noncollagenous domain of type VII collagen interacts with various extracellular matrix proteins and contributes to the @entity10273 . The purpose of this study was to detect alternative splicing of @entity23172 transcript encoding the noncollagenous 1 domain. The alternative splicing in this region may affect interactions of the noncollagenous 1 domain with extracellular matrix proteins and also @entity7674 . Thus we examined expression of the alternative splicing in situations relating to wound healing and skin remodeling that required dermal-epidermal binding and detachment. Amplification of overlapping cDNA from keratinocytes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction identified alternative splicing, which was generated by a different exon 18 acceptor site 27 bp upstream from the common acceptor site. Expression of this alternatively spliced transcript differed among several cell types. The nine @entity535 residues GPLTLPLSP from the 27 bp @entity2036 were inserted into the linker of fibronectin type III domains. This insertion was suggested to contribute to flexibility of the linker of fibronectin type III domains and may affect the interactions between the noncollagenous 1 domain and extracellular matrix proteins. Treatment with @entity2533 , which is known to promote wound healing and skin remodeling, enhanced the expression of this 27 bp transcript. Furthermore, keratinocyte biopsies from the wound edge of @entity1 with epithelizing skin @entity1066 showed a significant increase in the 27 bp transcript expression compared with normal keratinocytes from steady-state body sites. These results suggest that @entity535 variation of this alternative splicing may have some role in @entity7674 , wound healing, and skin remodeling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of alternative splice insertion of a small peptide into the linker region of the fibronectin type III domains, a common motif within modular proteins.

title: Identification of @entity23172 alternative splicing inserting 9 XXXX residues into the fibronectin type III linker domain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['dermal-epidermal adhesion']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 1']

entities_list: @entity10273 :: ('MESH:D019962', 'Disease') :: ['dermal-epidermal attachment']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: @entity876 is considered one of the most important @entity5 suppressor genes and is mutated in up to 50% of all @entity5 . Well-differentiated @entity259 (WDTCs) only infrequently harbor @entity876 mutations. In contrast, these genetic alterations have been described in approximately 85% of anaplastic @entity259 and are considered a fundamental event in the malignant progression of WDTCs. However, alternative mechanisms to overcome @entity876 @entity5 suppressing properties in WDTCs and @entity189 ( @entity189 ) have not been clarified to date. @entity4206 , a @entity876 -homologue, has been recently characterized. In contrast to @entity876 , @entity4206 gene encodes six isoforms, three with transactivating and three with dominant negative (deltaN- @entity4206 ) activities on @entity876 reporter genes. We hypothesized that overexpression of deltaN- @entity4206 isoforms might constitute an alternative mechanism to overcome @entity876 @entity5 suppressing properties in WDTCs and @entity189 lacking @entity876 alterations. We semiquantitatively evaluated @entity876 and @entity4206 immunoexpression in 12 @entity1377 ( @entity1377 ) and 11 @entity189 . Only nuclear expression was considered specific. All PCs lacked @entity876 expression; at variance, nine @entity189 showed @entity876 immunoreactivity (+: 1 case; ++: 6 cases; +++: 2 cases). In PCs, @entity4206 expression was restricted to scattered neoplastic cells juxtaposed to the basement membrane of papillary projections and to foci of @entity1544 . In @entity189 , @entity4206 expression was observed in three cases, one of which lacked concurrent @entity876 immunoexpression. Our results do not support the hypothesis that @entity4206 might constitute an alternative mechanism to overcome @entity876 @entity5 suppressing properties in @entity259 .

title: @entity4206 expression in XXXX of the thyroid gland: lack of an oncogenetic role in tumorigenesis and progression.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['PC', 'papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinomas', 'ACs']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid neoplasms']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['papillary and anaplastic carcinomas']


abstract: @entity9688 ( @entity9688 ) is a monoecious plant that serves as a model for the study of floral sex determination. The genetic background, hormonal and environmental factors regulating unisexual flower development are well characterized, however, the molecular mechanisms are less well understood. To isolate genes involved in male and female flower development we conducted a differential cDNA-Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis using plant growth apices of predominantly male (monoecious) and female (gynoecious) near isogenic @entity9688 lines. The plant apices of monoecious @entity9688 carry bisexual and unisexual male floral buds while gynoecious ones carry bisexual and unisexual female floral buds. We isolated a cDNA fragment that encodes a putative @entity3007 binding @entity669 phosphorylated protein A ( @entity63711 ) that is developmentally regulated. @entity63711 is expressed in stamen primordia and its transcript is more abundant in monoecious plant apices implying a role for @entity63711 in the early stages of male reproductive organ development. At later stages of flower development a higher transcript level is observed in female flowers in @entity1829 , nectary and in particular ovule/ovary tissue. The differential expression of @entity63711 during male and female flower development indicates a role for @entity63711 in female flower development, in particular that of the ovary/ovule. Thus, @entity63711 might have a dual role, one in the early stages of flower development, possibly during sex determination, and the other in the development of the ovary/ovule. This is the first report of a gene encoding a putative TypA in the plant kingdom that is differentially expressed during plant development.

title: A developmentally regulated @entity3007 binding @entity669 phosphorylated protein A-like cDNA in @entity9688 ( XXXX .).

entities_list: @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Species') :: ['Cucumber', 'cucumber', 'cucumbers', 'Cucumis sativus']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['stigmatic papilla']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity9688 :: (3659,Species) :: ['Cucumis sativus L']


abstract: Background: The histological detection of @entity5 @entity3 in cases of @entity0 is of major prognostic significance, but may be difficult when @entity3 are of microscopic size. The micrometastases can be detected either by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or serial sectioning. Aims: We investigated whether immunohistochemical techniques and serial sectioning can increase the accuracy of metastatic detection and compared the efficacy of both. Materials and Methods: Thirty cases of @entity0 were studied in all of whom the axillary lymph nodes had been reported as free of @entity3 . Blocks from these cases were serially sectioned and stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 and a single section was stained with monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin @entity1325 / @entity1326 and epithelial membrane antigen. The positivity for micrometastases was correlated with size, number, grade and histological type of @entity5 , lymph node size and number. Results and Conclusion: In 5/30 previously unsuspected cases, micrometastases were revealed by IHC and in 1/30 by serial sectioning. These findings suggested that serial sectioning is a labor intensive, time consuming and impractical procedure. Micrometastases were more frequently detected with age of @entity1 >50 years, Grade 2/3 @entity5 , @entity5 size >5 cm and more than one @entity5 . Immunohistochemical analysis can be recommended as a routine procedure or an adjunct to routine histological procedures for the correct staging of @entity0 and use of adjuvant chemotherapy, especially in the high risk group.

title: Immunohistochemical detection of axillary lymph node micrometastases in XXXX @entity1 : Increasing the accuracy of detection and decreasing labor intensive serial sectioning.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'axillary lymph node tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe @entity346 induced by cranial vibration in a case series of 8 @entity1 with superior semicircular canal dehiscence. DESIGN: Consecutive case series review. SETTING: Tertiary vestibular center. @entity1 : Eight consecutive @entity1 with computed tomographic confirmed superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome observed in the last 24 months. PROCEDURE: Vertex, bilateral mastoid, and bilateral @entity10795 were performed using 100 Hz. Vibration for 10 to 15 seconds on @entity1 in the seated position during office evaluation for vestibular complaints. Nystagmus was monitored by infrared video oculography with digital recording. RESULTS: All @entity1 demonstrated distinct torsional/vertical vibration-induced @entity346 . Maximal recorded slow-phase velocity was 20 degrees/s. This was observed best with suboccipital vibration on the side of the dehiscence. CONCLUSION: Vibration-induced @entity346 , observed best with @entity10795 in the seated position, seems to be a sensitive screening test in the office setting for the presence of superior semicircular canal dehiscence.

title: Vibration-induced XXXX as an office procedure for the diagnosis of superior semicircular canal dehiscence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus', 'torsional/vertical nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity10795 :: ('MESH:D053421', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral suboccipital cranial vibration', 'suboccipital cranial vibration']

answer: @entity346 :: (MESH:D009759,Disease) :: ['nystagmus']


abstract: @entity3292 , a common @entity5 in soft tissue, continues to grow, and often appears to be giant. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the surgical treatment of 26 @entity1 with @entity3292 in our clinic in the past 10 years from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2013. The @entity5 were located in the head (n = 10), trunk (n = 9), limbs (n = 5), and multi-sites (n = 2). According to the location and extent of the lesion, as well as the adjacent anatomy, surgical management was performed to partially (n = 15) or almost completely (n = 11) resect the @entity5 . The wounds were repaired by skin flap or skin graft. Among them, one @entity1 with a @entity5 in the scalp underwent three times of skin expander treatment, and acquired complete removal of the @entity5 finally without @entity1665 . Eleven cases underwent the interventional embolization of @entity5 's nutrient arteries, which successfully reduced the @entity548 in operation. Most of the skin flap and skin graft survived well. After operation, the appearance of the @entity1 and the function of the limbs were improved largely. In conclusion, for the @entity3292 , surgical treatment effectively reduces the @entity5 burden, rehabilitates the appearance and function, and so improves the quality of life. Skin expandor and interventional embolization of nutrient artery can be used when appropriate.

title: Surgical management of XXXX in soft tissue: a single-center retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['giant tumor', 'tumor', 'benign tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['giant neurofibroma', 'Neurofibroma', 'giant neurofibromas']

answer: @entity3292 :: (MESH:D009455,Disease) :: ['giant neurofibroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous pathways can lead to @entity323 ( @entity323 ) in @entity1 , with some @entity1 having multiple causes. Regardless of the etiology, @entity323 has been successfully treated in many @entity1 with the advent of oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is). With the release of @entity9011 , there are currently four PDE5I options available, and choosing between them should be based on @entity1 -specific considerations and preferences. OBJECTIVE: To review the treatment of @entity323 with PDE5Is, taking into account the effectiveness, safety, and @entity1 satisfaction of these agents, as well as @entity9011 's place in therapy. METHODS: A PubMed search was completed to find articles published in English studying @entity1 satisfaction and adherence to @entity323 medication. Additional searches looked specifically for any data regarding the use of @entity9011 . RESULTS: @entity323 is effectively treated in most @entity1 with PDE5Is, with the most common side effects from the medications being @entity10 , @entity227 . @entity1 have identified many different factors, such as efficacy, side effects, duration of action, and daily use, in determining overall satisfaction and the right medication for them. While @entity9011 does not have any @entity1 satisfaction trials to date, it has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for @entity323 with possibly the fastest onset of action and fewer @entity227 than its competitors. CONCLUSION: @entity9011 along with the other PDE5Is has shown to be a safe and effective oral treatment for @entity323 , with @entity9011 's possible place in therapy for @entity1 who want an on-demand option or as an alternative in @entity1 who experience @entity227 with the other agents.

title: A comparison of the available phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in the treatment of @entity323 : a focus on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances', 'flushing, and visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity9011 :: ('MESH:C553414', 'Chemical') :: ['avanafil', 'Avanafil']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity9011 :: (MESH:C553414,Chemical) :: ['avanafil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To isolate Neospora caninum from a congenitally infected @entity291 . PROCEDURE: A @entity291 was obtained from a N. caninum infected dam maintained in a dairy herd of Holstein-Friesian @entity291 located on the south coast of NSW near Nowra. The @entity291 was euthanased and samples collected for serology and pathology. Samples of brain and spinal cord of the @entity291 were homogenised and injected into immunocompromised @entity19 in an attempt to recover protozoa by in vivo culture. Sequential passage of brain homogenate through IFNgammaPKO @entity19 was performed and tissue culture flasks were inoculated with brain homogenate. Parasites were identified by electron microscopy and DNA sequencing. The antigen profile of the isolate was analysed using Western blotting. Pathogenicity was examined in BALB/c @entity19 and transmission of the parasite during pregnancy was examined in Qs @entity19 . RESULTS: The @entity291 was seropositive for N. caninum and histopathological examination of sections of cerebrum identified lesions consistent with a very mild infection with N. caninum. The parasites isolated using tissue culture were identified as N. caninum, based on the sequence of the ribosomal DNA and electron microscopy. The antigen profile of the new isolate was similar to that of the NC-Liverpool isolate, but quite different from that of @entity3204 . In BALB/c @entity19 inoculated with the new isolate, severe clinical signs developed in only three of ten infected @entity19 , compared with six of ten @entity19 infected with NC-Liverpool. Mild to moderate nonsuppurative @entity198 was observed in BALB/c @entity19 infected with the new isolate, compared with @entity19 infected with NC-Liverpool, that developed severe nonsuppurative @entity198 . Transplacental transmission of the isolate arising from an @entity697 during pregnancy occurred in about 87% of pups. CONCLUSION: This is the first isolation of @entity291 Neospora caninum in Australia. This isolate, called NC-Nowra, appears to be a less virulent form and may prove to be a suitable candidate for vaccine development.

title: Characterisation of the first Australian isolate of Neospora caninum from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['calf', 'cattle', 'bovine']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We previously reported that @entity12579 ( @entity12579 ) stimulates @entity11384 -evoked @entity268 efflux through @entity63729 ( @entity63729 ) in the exocrine pancreas. Here we sought to establish in vivo whether this mechanism was involved in acute @entity788 onset in the @entity35 . @entity35 pretreated with or without @entity20660 (MRPs general inhibitor) were infused with @entity11384 alone or with @entity12579 . A set of these animals were given repetitive cerulein injections to induce acute @entity788 . Plasma amylase and intrapancreatic trypsin activities were measured and histological examination of the pancreas performed. @entity11384 alone activated trypsinogen but induced no pancreatic histological changes. Blockade by @entity20660 in @entity11384 -treated @entity35 increased trypsin and also induced vacuolization, a hallmark of acute @entity788 . @entity12579 prevented the @entity11384 response but in the absence of @entity20660 . In @entity35 with acute @entity788 , pretreatment with @entity11384 aggravated the disease, but @entity12579 prevented @entity11384 -induced changes. Blockade of MRPs in @entity35 with acute @entity788 induced trypsinogen activation and larger cytoplasmic vacuoles as well as larger areas of @entity39 and @entity4 that were aggravated by @entity11384 but not prevented by @entity12579 . The temporal resolution of intracellular @entity268 levels seems critical in the onset of acute @entity788 , since @entity11384 -evoked @entity268 in a context of @entity24071 inhibition makes the pancreas prone to injury in normal @entity35 and aggravates the onset of acute @entity788 . Present findings support a protective role for @entity12579 mediated by @entity268 extrusion through @entity63729 and further suggest that the regulation of @entity63729 by @entity12579 would be relevant to maintain pancreatic acinar cell homeostasis.

title: Blockade of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins Aggravates Acute XXXX and Blunts @entity12579 's Beneficial Effect in @entity35 : Role of @entity63729 ( @entity63729 ).

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63729 :: ('170924(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['MRP4', 'multidrug resistance-associated protein 4']

entities_list: @entity11384 :: ('MESH:D012633', 'Chemical') :: ['Secretin', 'secretin']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic factor', 'ANF']

entities_list: @entity20660 :: ('MESH:D011339', 'Chemical') :: ['probenecid']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatitis']


abstract: A thermostable enzyme from the hyperthermophilic @entity597 -reducing archaeon, @entity33993 , was expressed and characterized on the assumption that it is homologous to exonuclease III from @entity526 . Sequence similarity database searches were performed based on the @entity535 sequence of exonuclease III. The 774 bp long gene was isolated from a culture sample and cloned into different vectors. Expression proved successful by transforming pET28_Af_Exo in Origami B(DE3) containing a tRNA plasmid with extra copies of argU, ileY and leuW tRNA genes as a host strain. The lack of thioredoxin reductase (trxB) and @entity2041 reductase (gor) in Origami B(DE3) allowed formation of @entity1520 bridges in the cytosol. Purification was performed by heat treatment of the soluble fraction at 80 degrees C for 30 min followed by a two-step ion exchange chromatography. The activity of the enzyme could be maintained. Optimal activity was achieved at 80 degrees C and at a pH of 7. Within the characterization of the protein we could not find any data verifying exonucleolytic activity in the presence of @entity1025 as described [Ankenbauer, W., Laue, F., Sobek, H., _ Greif, M. (2000), patent number WO2001023583]. Instead strong DNA binding properties of the enzyme and nicking activities of double stranded DNA comparable to unspecific DNases could be observed. In contrast to exonuclease III from @entity526 , the xthA gene product of @entity33993 is able to degrade supercoiled plasmids and shows no preferences for blunt or recessed 3'-termini of linear double stranded DNA. The enzyme is inhibited by @entity1098 and shows only weak activity when replacing @entity1025 with @entity141 ions.

title: The xthA gene product of XXXX is an unspecific DNase.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity33993 :: ('2234', 'Species') :: ['Archaeoglobus fulgidus']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity33993 :: (2234,Species) :: ['Archaeoglobus fulgidus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A simple, quick and accurate LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of @entity8726 in @entity1 plasma with @entity3352 as internal standard (IS) was developed and validated. Samples were treated with @entity1042 to precipitate proteins, then separated on a Ultimate C18 column (5 m, 2.1*50mm) with a gradient elusion process. Mobile phase A was comprised of water and @entity5189 , mobile phase B was comprised of @entity1626 and @entity5189 . Multi reaction monitoring (MRM) signals were saved on a negative ionization electrospray mass spectrometer. The calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 40.00-10000.00 g/L (r(2)=0.998). Intra-day RE was 0.2-2.2%. Inter-day RE was 0.5-3.4%. The samples showed good stability under the study conditions. No significant matrix effect was observed. The established method was then applied to a bioequivalence study of a @entity15836 formulation.

title: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of @entity8726 in XXXX plasma and its application in a study of bioequivalence.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity15836 :: ('MESH:C504422', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen axetil']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A series of 28 consecutive cases of mandibular reconstruction by means of reconstructive plates and myocutaneous flaps were reviewed. In all cases mandibular resection was indicated for treatment of @entity1544 : 25 pelviglossomandibulectomies (resulting in large defects from the angle of the mandible), 2 Commando operations (resulting in @entity62280 ) and 1 anterior sectional mandibulectomy (resulting in an anterior defect). @entity5 stages were T1-T2 (4 cases) and @entity3214 (24 cases). Success was defined as plate maintenance 6 months' postoperatively/postradiotherapy. The overall success rate was 32.2%. Lateral-centre-lateral (L-C-L) defects had 32% success, L (lateral) defects had 50% success and in the single case of a C (centre) defect, the plate was not maintained. Stainless steel reconstruction plates showed a similar success rate as @entity702 plates (30% versus 34%). In cases not submitted to radiotherapy there were more maintained plates than in cases that received radiotherapy (45.5% versus 23.6%). Reconstruction plates are not effective in bridging large defects of the resected mandible. Only in selected cases that are not eligible for microvascular free flaps should plates and myocutaneous flaps be considered as an option for mandibular reconstruction.

title: Reconstruction of large defects postmandibulectomy for XXXX using plates and myocutaneous flaps: a long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity62280 :: ('MESH:C563391', 'Disease') :: ['lateral defects']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oral cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity234 is a disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania sp. and is transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis (sand @entity238 ). In renal transplant recipients, @entity234 causes severe @entity409 , spleen, and hematopoietic system, as well as poor outcomes for @entity1 with transplanted kidneys. This study describes the largest series of cases of @entity234 in renal transplant recipients, providing important information about the diagnostic routines and therapeutic strategies in this @entity1 population. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study was performed to analyze the distribution and evaluate the extent of the epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of 30 renal transplant recipients from endemic regions who presented with @entity234 in the post-transplantation period. RESULTS: In this study, @entity234 was more frequent in @entity1 (80%). The mean age of presentation was 40        10.5 years. The majority of @entity1 worked in urban areas (66.7%), cohabitated with domestic animals (90%), and were from low-income households. In 73.3% of cases, diagnosis was made by direct isolation of Leishmania forms. @entity1 were treated with liposomal @entity2379 , resulting in a high degree of disease remission (80%). CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the largest series of @entity234 in renal transplant recipients and expands clinical-epidemiological knowledge for transplantation teams to perform adequate disease management for this specific @entity1 population.

title: Epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of XXXX in renal transplant recipients: experience from thirty cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the liver']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis', 'Visceral leishmaniasis']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']


abstract: @entity56 of the foot produced by a number of sciatic @entity4216 was assessed and compared. A new tool was used, the strain-gauge algometer, that delivers a noxious stimulus and gives a direct measurement of the force for paw withdrawal. In addition, we report observations of another alteration of the flexion reflex, persistent hindlimb flexion. The mean mechanical threshold for naive @entity35 was 5.9 +/- 0.97 centinewton (standard deviation). A superficial surgical procedure had no effect on mechanical sensitivity. Sham surgeries and a surgery in which a @entity1346 pellet was glued to the sciatic nerve produced moderate increases in mechanical sensitivity. Interventions that produced the greatest reductions in thresholds were carrageenan @entity5013 , complete Freund's adjuvant @entity5013 , and the @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) model. Mechanical thresholds returned to baseline in 2 weeks in all groups. @entity146 (licking and holding the paw after the stimulus) were observed more frequently in the @entity8638 group. Persistent hindlimb flexion was only observed in the @entity8638 group. The results support that midaxonal @entity32 is sufficient to induce @entity1931 . The strain-gauge algometer proved to be efficient and reliable, and calculations support that used as described in this report one can demonstrate changes in paw withdrawal thresholds as small as 15%.

title: Paw withdrawal thresholds and persistent hindlimb flexion in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathic behaviors']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuropathies']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

answer: @entity4216 :: (MESH:D020422,Disease) :: ['mononeuropathies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The primary habitat of the @entity526 species is the gut of warm-blooded vertebrates. The @entity526 species is structured into four main phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2, and D. We estimated the relative proportions of these phylogroups in the feces of 137 wild and domesticated animals with various diets living in the Ile de France (Paris) region by real-time PCR. We distinguished three main clusters characterized by a particular abundance of two or more phylogroups within the @entity526 animal commensal populations, which we called "enterocolitypes" by analogy with the enterotypes defined in the @entity1 gut microbiota at the genus level. These enterocolitypes were characterized by a dominant (>50%) B2, B1, or A phylogroup and were associated with different host species, diets, and habitats: wild and herbivorous species (wild @entity95 and deer), domesticated herbivorous species (domesticated @entity95 , @entity1641 , @entity742 , and @entity291 ), and omnivorous species (boar, @entity1707 , and @entity1573 ), respectively. By analyzing retrospectively the data obtained using the same approach from 98 healthy @entity1 living in Ile de France (Smati et  al. 2013, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79, 5005-5012), we identified a specific @entity1 enterocolitype characterized by the dominant and/or exclusive (>90%) presence of phylogroup B2. We then compared B2 strains isolated from animals and @entity1 , and revealed that @entity1 and animal strains differ regarding O-type and B2 subgroup. Moreover, two genes, sfa/foc and clbQ, were associated with the exclusive character of strains, observed only in @entity1 . In conclusion, a complex network of interactions exists at several levels (genus and intra-species) within the intestinal microbiota.

title: Quantitative analysis of commensal XXXX populations reveals host-specific enterotypes at the intra-species level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E.  coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Bonding between mother and @entity1 is described as a complex two-way process ensuring the needs of the @entity1 for nurture and protection. As such, it is dependent on the contribution of mother and @entity1 [1-3] whereby characteristics of personality of the @entity1 may have consequences on maternal bonding behaviour. In the current study the perception of maternal behaviour, premorbid personality traits and relationships between maternal behaviour and personality traits were investigated in @entity161 and schizoaffective @entity1 and their same-sex, healthy siblings. METHODS: We recruited 36 @entity161 and schizoaffective @entity1 and their same-sex healthy siblings. Information about maternal bonding behaviour was assessed by the Parental Bonding Instrument, information about premorbid personality traits was obtained from their mothers using the "Giessen-Test". RESULTS: Compared to their siblings, @entity1 showed less social resonance, more permeability, less social competence and a more @entity308 and anxious mood. Furthermore, @entity1 described their mothers to be less caring and to be more overprotective than their siblings described them. But there were strong associations between maternal bonding behaviour and premorbid personality traits. These findings were supported by missing significant differences in maternal care behaviour between @entity1 and siblings when using premorbid characteristics as covariates. Significant high maternal overprotection perceived by @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity914 still remained after correcting for the influence of premorbid personality traits. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that premorbid personality traits should be considered not only in analyses of maternal care behaviour in @entity161 and schizoaffective @entity1 but also when studying other @entity146 @entity1 groups.

title: Maternal bonding behaviour in XXXX and @entity914 , considering premorbid personality traits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The combination of radiation, @entity1487 , and @entity901 in locally advanced @entity5 has been shown to be feasible in a phase I trial. The purpose of this phase II trial was to assess tolerance and efficacy of this regimen in a preoperative setting. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between May 2000 and October 2001, 40 operable @entity1 were entered onto the study. Radiotherapy was delivered with a three-field technique to a dose of 50 Gy over 5 weeks with a concomitant boost approach. Two cycles of chemotherapy were given synchronously on weeks 1 and 5, with @entity901 130 mg/m(2) on day 1 followed by 5-day continuous infusion of @entity1487 350 mg/m(2) and @entity17185 100 mg/m(2). Surgery was planned 5 weeks later. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed treatment without modification except one who experienced grade 3/4 @entity137 . Grade 3 @entity137 was seen in seven @entity1 . Surgery was performed in all @entity1 after a mean interval time of 5 weeks. An objective clinical response was seen in 30 @entity1 (75%). Sphincter-saving surgery was possible in 26 @entity1 . No postoperative @entity204 occurred. In four @entity1 (10%), a reoperation was necessary (anastomotic @entity292 , n = 2; pelvic abscess, n = 2). In six cases the operative specimen was sterilized (15%), and in 12 cases (30%), only few residual cells were detected. CONCLUSION: Such a combined preoperative chemoradiotherapy and @entity901 -containing regimen is well tolerated with no increase in surgical @entity137 . The good response rate observed warrants its use in further clinical trials.

title: Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced XXXX with high-dose radiation and @entity901 -containing regimen: the Lyon R0-04 phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity17185 :: ('CHEBI:63606', 'Chemical') :: ['L-folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the clinical usefulness of virtual CT gastroendoscopy (VCTGE). METHODS: The subjects were 124 @entity1 with endoscopically identified @entity1819 . VCTGE images were obtained using a GE-Navigator. We evaluated VCTGE in the visualization of @entity1819 for their presence and morphology. RESULTS: The detection rate of all @entity1819 by VCTGE was 76% (94 of 124 @entity1 ). The smallest detectable early @entity356 was II c measuring 10 x 8 mm. The detection rates of each @entity1819 by VCTGE were 73% in early @entity356 , and 90% in advanced @entity356 . VCTGE imaging in the advanced @entity356 was good in 12 (30%), fair in 25 (60%) and poor in 4 (10%). VCTGE imaging in early @entity356 was good in 20 (46%), fair in 12 (27%) and poor in 12 (27%). The significance P level was 0.005 between the evaluation of the imaging of advanced and early @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS: VCTGE visualized the characteristics of @entity1819 and was considered useful for the detection and the diagnosis of these lesions.

title: Clinical studies on the visualization of XXXX using virtual CT endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['diverse gastric lesions', 'gastric lesions', 'gastric lesion']

answer: @entity1819 :: (MESH:D013272,Disease) :: ['gastric lesions']


abstract: GOALS: To describe the short-term and long-term outcomes in 34 consecutive decompensated cirrhotic @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1085 undergoing @entity1085 ( @entity1085 ) placement. BACKGROUND: Endoscopic @entity1085 placement is a minimally invasive means of treating symptomatic @entity1085 in poor surgical candidates. STUDY: Between June 2005 and June 2011, 34 @entity1 with @entity82 and symptomatic @entity1085 underwent attempted @entity1085 placement. RESULTS: Median @entity1 age was 52 years, 56% were hospitalized, and 48% were listed for liver transplantation. The median @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) score was 15 (range, 6 to 40) and 88% were @entity1 -Turcotte-Pugh class B/C. A double pigtailed stent was successfully placed in 94% of the @entity1 . At 1-month follow-up, clinical improvement was noted in 82% of the treated subjects and the @entity3851 scores in 14 of 22 (64%) evaluable subjects improved or stabilized. Actuarial transplant-free survival was 53% in the liver transplant candidates with a mean follow-up of 352 days, whereas survival was 44% in the 18 nontransplant candidates with a mean follow-up of 1.5 years. Periprocedural complications included @entity788 in 5 @entity1 , @entity255 in 3, and 1 @entity1 with cystic duct perforation. In addition, 2 subjects had symptomatic @entity548 from traumatic duodenal ulcerations 2 years after @entity1085 placement that necessitated stent removal. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic @entity1085 placement was technically feasible in 94% of decompensated cirrhotics and was associated with a relatively low rate of periprocedural (26%) and long-term complications (6%). Stabilization or improvement in clinical status and @entity3851 scores was seen in the majority of treated @entity1 .

title: Transpapillary Gallbladder Stents Can Stabilize or Improve Decompensated @entity82 in XXXX Awaiting Liver Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['transpapillary gallbladder stent', 'gallbladder disease', 'TGS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['MELD', 'model for end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIMS: Sickness absence is a socioeconomic global burden. In Brazil, @entity146 are the third leading cause of social security benefits payments. The aim of the present study was to compare factors associated with long-term sickness absence between workers who claimed social benefits due to @entity146 or by other causes. We investigated individual features and occupational characteristics. In addition, we evaluated psychosocial factors at work assessed by the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) and Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) models, and whether they were associated with long-term sickness absence due to @entity146 ( @entity601 ). METHODS: The present case-control study was conducted in S  o Paulo, Brazil. The sample (n=385) included workers on sick leave for more than 15 days. Cases were the @entity1 with disabling @entity146 illnesses, and controls were the ones with other disabling diseases. Interviews were conducted to assess individual features (sociodemographic data, health habits/lifestyle, health conditions) and occupational characteristics. The @entity1 ' perception of exposure to dimensions of the DCS and ERI models was also recorded. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the association between independent variables and @entity601 . RESULTS: All the regression analyses showed that @entity601 was associated with female sex, self-reported white skin color, higher education level, high @entity286 consumption, high @entity167 intake, two or more comorbidities, exposure to violence at work, high job strain and low social support at work, effort-reward imbalance and high overcommitment to work. @entity601 was associated with separate and combined DCS and ERI stress models. CONCLUSIONS: Individual features and work conditions were associated with @entity601 . Combined analysis of stress models showed that psychosocial factors at work were significantly associated with @entity601 . Resourceful use of this information may contribute to the implementation of preventive actions and strategies to facilitate return to work targeting the populations most susceptible to @entity146 .

title: Long-term sickness absence due to XXXX is associated with individual features and psychosocial work conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although whole population screening for @entity164 2 @entity6 is not currently considered to be justified, targeted screening within higher risk groups may be more cost-effective, and more pragmatic. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to investigate the feasibility and performance of a pragmatic system for identifying @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity73 ( @entity73 ). METHODS: A clustered observational survey of the prevalence of @entity6 and @entity73 was carried out in randomly selected @entity1 from four at-risk groups. @entity1 were identified by computerized searching of practice databases for age and body mass index (BMI) risk criteria. Sixteen practices in South West England screened 1287 Caucasian @entity1 from four groups with progressive levels of theoretical risk (age >70 and BMI >or=33, age >65 and BMI >or=31, age >60 and BMI >or=29, and age >50 and BMI >or=27). Fasting plasma @entity413 was measured and repeated if abnormal to determine the prevalence of new cases in each group. BMI and age data were validated against measures taken at the clinic. RESULTS: The response rate was 60.6% and the prevalence of new cases of @entity164 2 @entity6 in each group was 4.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8-7.7], 5.7% (95% CI 4.0-8.2), 3.8% (95% CI 2.4-6.0) and 2.6% (95%CI 1.4-4.7), respectively. An additional 5.2-8.4% had @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: Targeted screening by searching existing GP records for age and BMI criteria is feasible for use in general practice in the UK. Screening of @entity1 with a BMI of >or=27 and aged >50 by fasting @entity413 identified a substantial prevalence of undetected @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity73 . The relative costs and benefits as well as the pragmatic advantages of different systems need further evaluation.

title: A simple pragmatic system for detecting new cases of @entity164 2 XXXX and @entity73 in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['IFG', 'impaired fasting glycaemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of global postural reeducation (GPR) relative to @entity1347 ( @entity29694 ) in the treatment of @entity7109 ( @entity7109 ) associated with @entity4048 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity7109 and @entity4048 (n = 30) aged 18 to 65 years were randomly assigned to one of two groups: GPR and @entity29694 ( @entity29694 ). The upper extremity was assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire; function of the neck was estimated using the Neck Disability Index; @entity158 severity was measured using a visual analogical scale; and health-related quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-12. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after 10 weekly sessions (60 minutes each). The significance level adopted was a < .05. RESULTS: For pre-post treatment comparisons, GPR was significantly associated with improvements in function of neck and upper extremities, @entity158 , and physical and mental domains of quality of life (P < .05). Segmental exercises improved function of upper extremities and of the neck and severity of @entity158 (P < .05). When contrasting groups, GPR was significantly superior to @entity29694 in improving @entity158 and physical domains of the quality of life. CONCLUSION: This study showed that GPR and @entity29694 had similar effects on function of the neck and upper extremity in @entity1 with @entity7109 associated with @entity4048 . When comparing groups, GPR was superior to @entity29694 in improving @entity158 and quality of life.

title: Effectiveness of global postural reeducation compared to @entity1347 on function, @entity158 , and quality of life of XXXX with @entity7109 associated with @entity4048 : a preliminary clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental exercises']

entities_list: @entity29694 :: ('MESH:D057896', 'Disease') :: ['stretching exercises', 'SE']

entities_list: @entity7109 :: ('MESH:C566638', 'Disease') :: ['scapular dyskinesis', 'SD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aim of this study was to compare early graft function after transplantation of recipients transplanted with livers procured from donors after @entity1620 who experienced transient or sustained @entity1457 . METHODS: We retrospectively analysed @entity1 who underwent liver transplantation (LTx) at our Institution from January 2010 to May 2012. Recipients were divided into 3 groups: those who received livers from @entity1620 donors who experienced reversible @entity1457 arrest before organ procurement (RCA); those who experienced sustained @entity1457 , treated with extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation support as rescue therapy of refractory @entity1455 (ECMO). Standard donors were considered as @entity23561 ( @entity23561 ). Postoperative graft function, Primary Non-Function (PNF), and complications during the first 30 days were analysed. RESULTS: 102 LTx were analysed (76 @entity23561 , 22 RCA and 4 ECMO). The main cause of donor's death was @entity772 in RCA and ECMO, cerebrovascular accident in @entity23561 . SGOT in @entity23561 , RCA, and ECMO donors were 27 [17-43], 54 [34-92], 716 [190-962] respectively, SGPT 17 [12-34], 46 [27-73], 84 [51-175] UI/L respectively, both P<0.01. All recipients had similar SGOT (P=0.48), SGPT (P=0.75) and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores (P=0.98) before LTx; similar graft cold and warm @entity63 time and serum @entity880 levels at the end of surgery. After LTx, Intensive Care Unit stay and the incidence of PNF were similar. CONCLUSION: The use of livers procured from donors after @entity1620 that experienced transient or sustained @entity1457 was associated with early graft function comparable to that of standard donors.

title: Early outcome of liver transplantation performed with organs procured from @entity1620 donors with transient or sustained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-circulatory', 'cardio-circulatory collapse']

entities_list: @entity23561 :: ('MESH:D053591', 'Disease') :: ['REF', 'reference group']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['post-anoxic coma']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['cardio-circulatory collapse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic impact of autonomic activity, as reflected by @entity2661 and heart rate variability (HRV), in @entity1 with stable @entity951 . DESIGN: Double blind, randomised treatment with @entity1406 or @entity1855 . 24 hour ambulatory ECG, used for frequency domain analyses of HRV, and symptom limited exercise tests at baseline and after one month of treatment. @entity2922 concentrations were measured in plasma (rest and exercise) and urine. SETTING: Single centre at a university hospital. @entity1 : 641 @entity1 (449 @entity1 ) with stable @entity951 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal @entity583 ( @entity583 ). RESULTS: During follow up (median 40 months) there were 27 CV deaths and 26 MIs. @entity1 who died of CV causes had lower total power and high (HF), low (LF), and very low (VLF) frequency components of HRV. HRV was not altered in @entity1 who suffered @entity583 . @entity2661 did not differ between @entity1 with and those without events. @entity1406 increased HRV. @entity1855 decreased @entity1063 ( @entity1063 ) excretion. Multivariate Cox analyses showed that total power, HF, LF, and VLF independently predicted @entity65 (also @entity944 ) but not @entity583 . LF:HF ratios and @entity2661 were not related to prognosis. Treatment effects on HRV did not influence prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Low HRV predicted @entity65 but not @entity583 . Neither the LF:HF ratio nor @entity2661 carried any prognostic information. @entity1406 and @entity1855 influenced LF, HF, and @entity2661 differently but treatment effects were not related to prognosis.

title: Prognostic implications of autonomic function assessed by analyses of @entity2661 and heart rate variability in stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['non-sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol', 'Metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'non-fatal MI', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines', 'Catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline', 'norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CV death']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate vestibular compensation via measurement of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) following @entity5513 surgery and its relationship with changes in saccades strategy after surgery. @entity1 : Thirty-six consecutive @entity1 with @entity5513 , without @entity2850 , underwent surgical resection. @entity1 were recruited from University Hospital of Salamanca, Spain. METHODS: We assessed the age, sex, @entity5 size, degree of @entity425 , and preoperative video head impulse test (gain and saccade organization measured with PR score). Gain and saccade organization were compared with postoperative values at discharge and also at 1, 3, and 6   months. PR scores are a measure of the scatter of refixation saccades. RESULTS: @entity1 with normal preoperative caloric function had higher PR scores (saccades were scattered) following surgery compared to @entity1 with significant preoperative canal paresis (p   <   0.05). VOR gain and the presence of covert/overt saccades preoperatively did not influence the PR score (p   >   0.05), but a group of @entity1 with very low VOR gain (<0.45) and covert/overt saccades before surgery had lower PR scores after surgery. The differences after 6   months were not significant. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with more severe @entity394 before @entity5513 @entity8544 following surgery, manifested by changes in VOR gain and PR score. The scatter of compensatory saccades (as measured by the PR score) may be a surrogate early marker of clinical recovery, given its relationship to the Dizziness Handicap Inventory.

title: Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Stabilization after XXXX Surgery: A Story Told by Saccades.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['canalicular weakness']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem compression']

entities_list: @entity8544 :: ('MESH:D005254', 'Disease') :: ['surgery show significantly faster vestibular compensation']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular dysfunction']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['Vestibular Schwannoma']


abstract: Rodent models of focal @entity2806 are important tools in experimental @entity64 research. Such models have proven instrumental for the understanding of injury mechanisms in @entity64 and helped to identify potential new therapeutic options. A plethora of neuroprotective substances have been shown to be effective in preclinical @entity64 research but failed to prove effectiveness in subsequent clinical trials. Interestingly, preclinical studies have shown that neuroprotective agents are selectively effective in different @entity35 strains. The underlying mechanisms for this discrepancy are so far unknown, but differences in initial @entity64 volume with concomitant neuroinflammatory processes in the expanding @entity64 area might be relevant. In the current project, we compared the @entity64 volume and behavioral outcome between @entity35 Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), subjected to transient @entity2500 (tMCAO) for 1 h, followed by 23 h reperfusion. We further analyzed the expression of well-known pro-inflammatory mediators in the cortical peri- @entity1188 area region using a TTC-based isolation approach. Initial @entity551 was comparable between both strains. Mean @entity1188 volume and the extent of @entity2500 did not differ between WKY and SHR @entity35 . Furthermore, the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators, among @entity9269 and @entity16620 , in the isolated @entity1188 area region was equal in both @entity35 strains. We were able to demonstrate that @entity64 outcome is comparable 23 h after transient MCAO in WKY and SHR @entity35 . Future studies have to show whether this observation confirms in the long-term, and which factors contribute to differences observed with respect to therapeutic responsiveness.

title: Comparison of @entity1188 volume and behavioral deficit in XXXX Kyoto and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 after transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'cerebral stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['tMCAO-provoked functional deficits', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic peri-infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of local cerebral blood flow']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Wistar']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Excellent results are reported from both nonoperative and operative treatment of @entity397 . PURPOSE: To describe a new nonoperative treatment protocol for @entity397 and compare outcomes with operative treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: We treated 23 @entity1 nonoperatively with an equinus ankle cast and boot and compared their outcome with that of a group of 24 @entity1 previously treated operatively. Muscle strengthening and walking with full weightbearing were started as soon as tolerated in both groups. Follow-up examinations were performed for 18 nonoperatively treated @entity1 after 23 months and for 15 operatively treated @entity1 after 49 months. RESULTS: Subsidence of @entity158 , return to unaided walking, and return to work was faster in the nonoperatively treated group. @entity1 satisfaction, return to sports, and ultimate strength was the same for both groups. The complication rate was similar, except for reruptures: four early in the nonoperative group and one late in the operative group. Two types of reruptures occurred in the nonoperative group: 1). normally healing tendon subjected to new @entity130 , rerupturing in the healing zone, and achieving a good result with continued nonoperative treatment; and 2). tendon failing proximal to the initial @entity397 at the muscle-tendon junction, without @entity130 , requiring operative repair and augmentation. CONCLUSIONS: Results of operative and nonoperative treatment were equivalent.

title: Nonoperative treatment of acute XXXX : results of a new protocol and comparison with operative treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendon rupture', 'Achilles tendon ruptures', 'rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture of the achilles tendon']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity158 is a frequent symptom in @entity1 with @entity5 , with substantial impact. Despite the availability of opioids and updated guidelines from reliable leading societies, undertreatment is still frequent. METHODS: We updated a systematic review published in 2008, which showed that according to the @entity158 Management Index (PMI), 43.4% of @entity1 with @entity5 were undertreated. This review included observational and experimental studies reporting negative PMI scores for adults with @entity5 and @entity158 published from 2007 to 2013 and retrieved through MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar. To detect any temporal trend and identify potential determinants of undertreatment, we compared articles published before and after 2007 with univariable, multivariable, and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: In the new set of 20 articles published from 2007 to 2013, there was a decrease in undertreatment of approximately 25% (from 43.4 to 31.8%). In the whole sample, the proportion of undertreated @entity1 fell from 2007 to 2013, and an association was confirmed between negative PMI score, economic level, and nonspecific setting for @entity5 . Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of results. CONCLUSION: Analysis of 46 articles published from 1994 to 2013 using the PMI to assess the adequacy of analgesic therapy suggests the quality of pharmacologic @entity158 management has improved. However, approximately one third of @entity1 still do not receive @entity158 medication proportional to their @entity158 intensity.

title: Quality of XXXX management: an update of a systematic review of undertreatment of @entity1 with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: Dorsal variant proximal carotid blister @entity439 are @entity75 to manage. It is important to recognize this variant on preoperative angiographic imaging, in anticipation of surgical strategies for their treatment. Strategies include trapping the involved segment and revascularization if necessary. Other options include repair of the @entity1756 site directly. Given that these are not true @entity439 , repair of the @entity397 site involves wrapping or clip-grafting techniques. The case presented here was a young @entity1 with a @entity510 from a @entity1756 . The technique used is demonstrated in the video and is a modified clip-wrap technique using woven polyester graft material. The @entity1 was given @entity117 preoperatively as preparation for the clip-wrap technique. It is the authors' current protocol to attempt a direct repair with clip-wrapping and leaving artery sacrifice with or without bypass as a salvage therapy if direct repair is not possible. Assessment of vessel patency after repair is performed by intraoperative Doppler and @entity3194 angiography. Intraoperative somatosensory and motor evoked potential monitoring is performed in all cases. The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/crUreWGQdGo .

title: Dorsal variant XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['treacherous lesions']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'berry aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured dorsal variant blister aneurysm', 'aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['blister aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intraplaque @entity548 (IPH), visualized by magnetic resonance imaging, has shown to be associated with the risk of @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity543 . The mechanisms of IPH development are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the association between clinical @entity1 characteristics and carotid IPH on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: @entity1 participate in the Plaque at Risk (PARISK) study. This prospective, multicenter cohort study included @entity1 with recent amaurosis fugax, hemispheric transient @entity63 attack, or nondisabling @entity64 in the internal carotid artery territory and an @entity543 of <70%, who were not scheduled for carotid revascularization procedure. One hundred @entity1 , recruited between 2010 and 2012, underwent a 3-T high-resolution carotid magnetic resonance imaging. We documented clinical @entity1 characteristics and performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate their association with IPH. RESULTS: IPH was observed in 45 @entity1 (45%) in 1 or both carotid arteries. Male sex and the use of antiplatelet agents before the index event were associated with IPH in univariable analysis. In a multivariable analysis, only previous use of antiplatelet agents was significantly associated with IPH (odds ratio, 2.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-6.61). Risk factors of @entity731 , including a history of symptomatic @entity455 , were not associated with IPH. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of 100 @entity1 with recently symptomatic @entity543 , the previous use of antiplatelet agents is associated with carotid IPH on magnetic resonance imaging. Antiplatelet therapy may increase the risk of IPH, but our findings need to be confirmed in larger @entity1 cohorts. The implications for risk stratification remain to be determined.

title: Use of Antiplatelet Agents Is Associated With Intraplaque XXXX on Carotid Magnetic Resonance Imaging: The Plaque at Risk Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'ipsilateral carotid stenosis', 'carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tau protein is a phosphorylated @entity7333 , principally localized at neuronal level in the central nervous system (CNS). Tau levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are considered to index both @entity528 . To date, however, no study has specifically evaluated the CSF levels of tau proteins in @entity1 with @entity159 ( @entity159 ). We evaluated these established biomarkers of @entity528 in @entity1 with @entity159 who received a lumbar puncture during @entity159 between 2007 and 2014. @entity159 cases due to acute structural @entity75 , including CNS @entity281 , were excluded. Clinical, biological, therapeutic, and follow-up data were collected. Group comparison between @entity1 stratified according to @entity159 response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), disability, and @entity302 outcomes were performed. Twenty-eight @entity1 were considered for the analyses (mean age 56years): 14 @entity1 had abnormally high CSF t-tau level, six @entity1 had abnormally high CSF p-tau level, and only three @entity1 had abnormally low Ab1-42 level. Cerebrospinal fluid t-tau value was higher in @entity1 who developed a refractory @entity159 compared to @entity1 with @entity410 controlled by AED. Cerebrospinal fluid t-tau values were positively correlated with @entity159 duration and were higher in @entity1 treated with @entity1875 anesthesia compared to @entity1 that had not received this treatment. @entity1 with higher CSF t-tau had higher risk of developing disability (OR=32.5, p=0.004) and chronic @entity302 (OR=12; p=0.016) in comparison with @entity1 with lower CSF t-tau level. Our results suggest that CSF t-tau level might be proposed as a biomarker of @entity159 severity and prognosis. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the effects of @entity1875 on tau pathology in this setting. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled " @entity159 ".

title: Cerebrospinal fluid tau proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7333 :: ('51115', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'axonal and neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE', 'Status Epilepticus', 'Status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity3264 ( @entity7647 ) is not an essential @entity3689 , it is considered a critical substrate in many key metabolic processes that control a variety of physiological functions and are involved in regulating early embryonic development. Thus, we investigated the effect of @entity7647 on regulation of @entity19 embryonic stem cell (mESC) self-renewal and related signaling pathways. @entity7647 deprivation decreased @entity7002 expression as well as expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. However, @entity7647 treatment retained the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and the @entity7002 in mESCs, which were blocked by compound 968 (a glutaminase inhibitor). In addition, @entity7647 stimulated PI3K/ @entity1994 pathway, which subsequently elicited PKC   translocation to membrane without an influx of intracellular @entity141 . Inhibition of @entity1994 and PKC blocked @entity7647 -induced @entity7002 expression and proliferation. @entity7647 also stimulated @entity3470 phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner, which abolished by PKC inhibition. Furthermore, @entity7647 increased the cellular population of both @entity7002 and @entity1603 positive cells, suggesting that @entity7647 regulates self-renewal ability of mESCs. @entity7647 induced a decrease in @entity12231 , but not in @entity30653 , which were blocked by PKC inhibitors. @entity7647 treatment resulted in an increase in global histone acetylation and methylation. In addition, @entity7647 significantly reduced methylation of the @entity7002 promoter region through decrease in @entity15699 and @entity15700 expression, which were blocked by PKC and HDAC inhibitors. In conclusion, @entity7647 stimulates mESC proliferation and maintains mESC undifferentiation status through transcription regulation via the @entity1994 , PKC  , and @entity3470 signaling pathways.

title: XXXX contributes to maintenance of @entity19 embryonic stem cell self-renewal through PKC-dependent downregulation of @entity12231 and DNMT1/3a.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['Glutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence regarding the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in the elderly, particularly @entity548 risks, is unclear despite the presence of greater comorbidities, polypharmacy, and altered pharmacokinetics in this age group. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials of DOACs ( @entity3926 , @entity5424 , @entity3925 , and @entity14242 ) for efficacy and @entity548 outcomes in comparison with @entity2067 antagonists (VKA) in elderly @entity1 (aged >= 75 years) treated for @entity1211 or @entity64 prevention in @entity955 . Nineteen studies were eligible for inclusion, but only 11 reported data specifically for elderly @entity1 . The efficacy in managing @entity715 risks for each DOAC was similar or superior to VKA in elderly @entity1 . A nonsignificantly higher risk of major @entity548 than with VKA was observed with @entity3926 150 mg (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.44) but not with the 110-mg dose. Significantly higher @entity360 risks with @entity3926 150 mg (1.78, 1.35-2.35) and @entity3926 110 mg (1.40, 1.04-1.90) and lower @entity510 risks than VKA for @entity3926 150 mg (0.43, 0.26-0.72) and @entity3926 110 mg (0.36, 0.22-0.61) were also observed. A significantly lower major @entity548 risk in comparison with VKA was observed for @entity5424 (0.63, 0.51-0.77), @entity14242 60 mg (0.81, 0.67-0.98), and 30 mg (0.46, 0.38-0.57), whereas @entity3925 showed similar risks. CONCLUSIONS: DOACs demonstrated at least equal efficacy to VKA in managing @entity715 risks in the elderly, but @entity548 patterns were distinct. In particular, @entity3926 was associated with a higher risk of @entity360 than VKA. Insufficient published data for @entity5424 , @entity14242 , and @entity3925 indicate that further work is needed to clarify the @entity548 risks of these DOACs in the elderly. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO. Unique identifier: PROSPERO CRD42014007171/.

title: Efficacy and Harms of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Elderly for XXXX Prevention in @entity955 and Secondary Prevention of @entity1211 : Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['acute venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']