abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1278 restricting type (AN-R) often develop bulimic symptoms and crossover to AN- @entity6426 /purging type (AN-BP), or to bulimia nervosa (BN). We have reported earlier that genetic variants of an orexigenic peptide ghrelin are associated with BN. Here, the relationship between a ghrelin gene variant and the rate of change from AN-R to other phenotypes of @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) was investigated. METHODS: @entity1 were 165 @entity1 with @entity2613 , initially diagnosed as AN-R. The dates of their AN-R onset and changes in diagnosis to other subtypes of @entity2613 were investigated retrospectively. Ghrelin gene @entity23523 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) was genotyped. Probability and hazard ratios were analyzed using life table analysis and Cox's proportional hazard regression model, in which the starting point was the time of AN-R onset and the outcome events were the time of (i) onset of @entity6426 , that is, when @entity1 changed to @entity6426 AN and BN and (ii) recovery of normal weight, that is, when @entity1 changed to BN or remission. RESULTS: @entity1 with the TT genotype at @entity23523 had a higher probability and hazard ratio for recovery of normal weight. The ghrelin SNP was not related with the onset of @entity6426 . CONCLUSION: The @entity23523 SNP of the ghrelin gene is related to the probability and the rate of recovery of normal body weight from restricting-type AN.

title: A ghrelin gene variant may predict crossover rate from restricting-type @entity1278 to other phenotypes of XXXX : a retrospective survival analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['EDs', 'eating disorders']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: In a review of 1248 cases of @entity31 seen at the Cleveland Clinic that were followed up to 1984 (mean, 14.4 years), 82 @entity1 (6.5%) were subsequently found to have @entity14 and 48 (3.8%) had @entity5 , 6 of them with associated @entity14 . Most @entity1 with @entity14 were @entity1 (2:1), and had extensive (90%) and long-lasting @entity1960 (10 years or more in 93% of cases; mean 18 years). @entity1960 was inactive before the diagnosis of @entity5 in 48%. Acute onset of the first attack was rare (7%), and the disease had a remittent course in 92%. The mean age at diagnosis of @entity5 was 43 years. The cumulative risk of @entity14 was significantly higher in @entity1 with extensive @entity1960 than in those with left-sided disease (P less than 0.0001: 11.9% vs. 1.8% at 20 years and 25.3% vs. 3.7% at 30 years). When comparing mean duration of disease, @entity1960 (22 years) did not differ significantly from @entity66 . The @entity5 was multifocal in 13.5%, proximal to the @entity4558 in 44%, and poorly differentiated in 34% of the cases. The diagnosis was suspected clinically in 64% of cases. The prognosis of @entity14 in @entity1 with @entity31 appears to be similar to that in the general population. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 54%. This study supports the concept that surveillance colonoscopy should be started after 8 to 10 years of extensive @entity1960 and after 15 years of @entity1960 . Among those with @entity5 , the incidence of @entity1126 , @entity1778 , @entity3478 , and @entity1204 was significantly greater than expected (P less than 0.01), whereas that of @entity2 was significantly lower than expected (P less than 0.01).

title: @entity14 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'extracolonic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided colitis', 'colitis', 'Colitis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Ninety-nine polypoid @entity5 and eight advanced @entity420 of the colon were studied immunohistochemically for @entity876 protein expression. For reproducible antigen retrieval, @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded archival sections were heated at 90 degrees C for 120 min in 0.01 mol/L @entity1391 -buffered saline, pH 7.2, prior to immunostaining. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen served as a positive control marker for effective antigen retrieval. The 99 @entity1127 were categorized into 24 high-grade @entity652 , 60 non-invasive @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and 15 @entity5 with stromal invasion. All the @entity1127 contained portions of low-grade @entity652 . Positive nuclear staining of @entity876 protein was observed in none of the non-neoplastic mucosa, nine (9%) of 99 low-grade @entity652 , 17 (71%) of 24 high-grade @entity652 , 46 (77%) of 60 non-invasive @entity5 , 10 (67%) of 15 invasive @entity5 , and five (63%) of eight advanced @entity189 . When the antigen retrieval treatment was omitted, the positivity rates were 0, 2, 17, 35, 40, and 63%, respectively. When the antigen-retrieved staining pattern was classified into (i) 'sparse' (< 25% of the nuclei of neoplastic glands labeled), 'scattered' (25-75%) and 'dense' (> 75%); or (ii) 'focal' (the positively labeled glands occupying < 25% of the @entity5 area), 'intermediate' (25-75%) and 'diffuse' (> 75%), the sparse and focal patterns predominated in high-grade @entity652 and non-invasive @entity5 with low-grade atypia, while the dense and diffuse patterns predominated in invasive @entity5 and all the advanced @entity189 revealed the dense and diffuse patterns. Non-invasive @entity5 with high-grade atypia belonged to an intermediate type between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunohistochemical demonstration of @entity876 protein in colorectal adenomas and @entity420 . Reliable application of the heat-induced antigen retrieval method to XXXX -fixed, @entity982 -embedded material.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-in-adenomas', 'CIA', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formalin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ratites differ in the anatomy of their digestive organs and their digesta excretion patterns. Ostriches ( @entity6497 ) have large fermentation chambers and long digesta retention, @entity6498 ( @entity6498 ) have a short gut and short retention times, and rheas ( @entity3048 ) are intermediate. A recent study showed that ostriches produce as much @entity577 ( @entity578 ) as expected for a similar-sized, non-ruminant @entity1 herbivore. We hypothesized that @entity6498 and rheas produce less @entity578 than ostriches. We individually measured, by chamber respirometry, the amount of @entity3612 consumed as well as @entity3158 and @entity578 emitted from six adult rheas (body mass 23.4  8.3kg) and two adult @entity6498 (33.5 and 32.0kg) during 23-hour periods on a pelleted lucerne diet. In contrast to previous studies, which classified @entity6498 as non-producers, we measured @entity578 emissions at 7.39 and 6.25L/day for @entity6498 and 2.87  0.82L/day for rheas, which is close to values expected for similar-sized non-ruminant mammals for both species. O2 consumption was of a similar magnitude as reported previously. Across ratites, @entity578 yield (L/kg dry matter intake) was positively correlated with mean retention time of food particles in the gut, similar to findings within ruminant species. In ratites, this relationship leads to similar body mass-specific @entity578 production for a high intake/short retention and a low intake/long retention strategy. Therefore, when investigating @entity578 production in herbivorous birds, it is advisable to consider various @entity578 measures, not only yield or absolute daily amount alone.

title: Comparative XXXX emission by ratites: Differences in food intake and digesta retention level out @entity577 production.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity3048 :: ('8797', 'Species') :: ['Rhea americana']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity6498 :: ('8790', 'Species') :: ['Dromaius novaehollandiae', 'emus']

entities_list: @entity6497 :: ('8801', 'Species') :: ['Struthio camelus']

answer: @entity577 :: (MESH:D008697,Chemical) :: ['methane']


abstract: The composition of the fauna of rumen ciliates in @entity7040 in Kenya was surveyed and 13 genera containing 51 species with 19 formae were identified. Four new species were recognized, then described as Diplodinium africanum @entity8891 ., Diplodinium namum @entity8891 ., Eudiplodinium kenyensis @entity8891 ., and Ostracodinium iwawoi @entity8891 . In addition, Buetschlia triciliata and Ostracodinium stokyi were found for the second and third times and described as Hsiungia triciliata n. comb. and Enoploplaston stokyi n. stat., with two formae, respectively. The species composition was similar to that of Indian @entity7040 but several species were considered to originate from African native ruminants. In the percentage composition of genera, the numbers of Entodinium, which normally predominate in rumens in other areas, were very low.

title: Ciliate protozoa in the rumen of Kenyan @entity7040 , XXXX , with the description of four new species.

entities_list: @entity7040 :: ('9915', 'Species') :: ['zebu', 'zebu cattle']

answer: @entity7040 :: (9915,Species) :: ['Bos taurus indicus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis of an epidemiological relationship between stressful events and the date of emergence of @entity226 and/or @entity2760 rheumatica. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 identified with anatomo-clinical criteria and whose mental state permitted prolonged questioning where included in the survey. A list of 65 events, covering the 2-year period preceding the onset of @entity226 and/or @entity2760 rheumatica, was used. Each event was assessed using an emotional scale with positive (1 to 10) or negative scores (-1 to -10). Zero corresponded to an event without impact. An event score was drawn-up for each @entity1 . The results were compared with those of a control group of 26 paired (age and gender) controls, 2 controls for each @entity1 were included. RESULTS: In the group of @entity1 , 12/13 (92.3%) had suffered from negative events 2 years before diagnosis of their disease, with a total of 35 negative events and a score of -271. In the control group, only 10/26 (38.8%) had suffered from negative events with a total of 21 negative events and a score of -132. The comparison (chi 2 test) of the total of recent negative events (2 years before diagnosis) for both groups, i.e., 35/112 versus 21/232, revealed a highly significant difference (chi 2 = 27.3; p < 0.00001). Conversely, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the total events having occurred throughout their lifetime. CONCLUSION: This result suggests the influence of stressful events in the clinical emergence of @entity226 and/or @entity2760 rheumatica.

title: [Effect of stressful life events on clinical development of @entity226 and/or XXXX rheumatica].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['temporal arteritis']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia']

answer: @entity2760 :: (MESH:D011111,Disease) :: ['polymyalgia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) is a @entity102 of the small intestine that is induced by dietary @entity3505 gluten proteins (gliadins) in genetically predisposed individuals. The overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria and @entity281 has been suggested to contribute to @entity1593 pathogenesis. We aimed to study the effects of gliadin and various intestinal bacterial strains on mucosal barrier integrity, gliadin translocation, and cytokine production. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Changes in gut mucosa were assessed in the intestinal loops of inbred @entity35 -AVN @entity35 that were reared under germ-free conditions in the presence of various intestinal bacteria (enterobacteria and bifidobacteria isolated from @entity1593 @entity1 and healthy @entity1 , respectively) and @entity1593 -triggering agents (gliadin and @entity379 ) by histology, scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and a rat cytokine antibody array. Adhesion of the bacterial strains to the IEC-6 @entity35 cell line was evaluated in vitro. Gliadin fragments alone or together with the proinflammatory cytokine interferon (IFN)-y significantly decreased the number of goblet cells in the small intestine; this effect was more pronounced in the presence of @entity526 CBL2 and Shigella CBD8. Shigella CBD8 and @entity379 induced the highest mucin secretion and greatest impairment in tight junctions and, consequently, translocation of gliadin fragments into the lamina propria. Shigella CBD8 and @entity526 CBL2 strongly adhered to IEC-6 epithelial cells. The number of goblet cells in small intestine increased by the simultaneous incubation of @entity1335 IATA-ES2 with gliadin, @entity379 and enterobacteria. @entity1335 IATA-ES2 also enhanced the production of chemotactic factors and inhibitors of metalloproteinases, which can contribute to gut mucosal protection. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the composition of the intestinal microbiota affects the permeability of the intestinal mucosa and, consequently, could be involved in the early stages of @entity1593 pathogenesis.

title: Role of intestinal bacteria in gliadin-induced changes in intestinal mucosa: study in germ-free XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['Celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1335 :: ('1681', 'Species') :: ['B. bifidum', 'Bifidobacterium bifidum']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: To identify @entity1 presenting to a nephrologist in whom a diagnosis of @entity370 could be made, to assess the relevant causes of renal involvement and to review treatment and long-term follow-up of this group. METHOD: A retrospective review of the computer database PROTON for @entity1 given the diagnosis of @entity370 , followed by a case note review of identified @entity1 with respect to the mode of presentation, clinical and laboratory features, treatment and subsequent follow-up. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 (15 males) were identified, mean age 45 years, all were Caucasian, and follow-up was four months to 26 years (mean 9.3 years). Most common mode of presentation was @entity810 (11) during spring/summer (14). Evidence for @entity262 was present in all @entity1 . Mean plasma @entity1011 on presentation was 0.52 mmol/L and @entity460 3.01 mmol/L. Hypercalcaemia was present in 60%. Kidney biopsy was performed in seven @entity1 with the predominant findings of @entity194 and @entity82 ; significant granulomata were present in only two. Treatment in all @entity1 was with @entity288 with good result. Mean long term plasma @entity1011 was 0.17 mmol/L at 9.3 years. @entity134 withdrawal was attempted in all @entity1 , successful in five, with the mean time to relapse of five months in the remaining 14. Mean @entity134 dose in this group was 7.6 mg on long term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity370 causes @entity8 mainly through altered @entity460 metabolism. Treatment with @entity288 is successful in improving renal function, but relapse is common on @entity134 withdrawal and prolonged treatment is necessary for disease control.

title: XXXX in Christchurch, New Zealand 1970-1998.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tubular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal sarcoidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare pressure-flow results before and 3 months after transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) for @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ), performed with lower and higher energy protocols. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 were treated using a high-energy protocol performed with a heatshock strategy, i.e. a rapid increase in intraprostatic temperatures to a maximum of 55-67 degrees C. A helical antenna was used which produced maximum heating at the base of the prostate. A further 25 @entity1 were treated using a lower energy protocol with a slow increase in intraprostatic temperatures to a maximum of 45-53 degrees C. A first-generation filament antenna was used with the maximum heat produced at the prostatic apex. All treatments were performed as single-session outpatient procedures of 60-70 min duration. RESULTS: There was a significantly greater improvement in pressure-flow variables, i.e. maximum urinary flow rate, detrusor pressure at maximum flow and minimal urethral opening pressure, in those treated with higher energy TUMT than in those receiving the lower energy protocol. The Madsen and quality-of-life scores, and maximum urinary flow rate on uroflowmetry, were also significantly better in the higher energy group. CONCLUSION: Higher energy TUMT performed using a heat-shock strategy provides a better pressure-flow outcome than lower energy thermotherapy. Compared with previously published results, the outcome after higher energy TUMT is at least similar to other treatment alternatives for @entity1067 .

title: Pressure-flow studies before and after transurethral microwave thermotherapy of XXXX using low- and high-energy protocols.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: AIM: To review the nature of the complex relationships between essential @entity101 and @entity65 , with a particular focus on the pathogenesis and prevention of @entity301 , the major complication of untreated @entity101 . RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE: Both @entity731 and @entity101 have their origins in childhood; in the second and third decades of life development of the more advanced fibrous plaques accelerates, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and intervention. Perplexing and complex relationships have been found among the principal risk factors for @entity301 , @entity3190 , @entity1720 , @entity2299 and @entity101 . In the pathogenesis of @entity731 at the cellular and molecular level, the important features are the effects of monocyte-macrophages, oxidant stress, lipoprotein modification, inflammatory mediators and the focal hemodynamic environment. Even brief periods of experimental @entity101 can accentuate @entity731 , the effects of which are greatest but not limited to the cervical and cerebral arteries. Further, acute @entity101 lasting for even a few minutes causes a 'leakage' of plasma proteins and particulate probes into the artery wall, which has far-reaching implications for antihypertensive therapy. Recent work has shown that 24-h blood pressure variability is correlated with target-organ damage in @entity101 patients. THERAPY: Antihypertensive therapy should not only lower blood pressure but also prevent significant short-term blood pressure fluctuations. The trough: peak ratio has been used to assess the effect of antihypertensive treatment on blood pressure variability. CONCLUSION: More intensive research is required to clarify the nature of the interface between @entity101 and @entity731 .

title: Prevention of XXXX and end-organ damage: a basis for antihypertensive interventional strategies.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin resistance']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular end-organ damage']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: We used immunoblotting to examine the serologic antibody responses to outer membrane proteins (OMP) of @entity526 in both symptomatic and asymptomatic elderly subjects with @entity293 . Controls with no present or past @entity293 showed variable weak immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to OMP of infecting strains. Elderly individuals with @entity4092 demonstrated antibody to both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and OMP of their infecting strain, with consistent cross-reactivity to OMP of other infecting strains. Young females with acute @entity2885 showed an IgG response to LPS and OMP with cross-reactivity to OMP of other strains. Elderly individuals with symptomatic @entity3 had strong reactions to both LPS and OMP in specimens collected during the acute phase, generally with an increase in intensity in specimens from convalescent @entity1 . They also demonstrated extensive cross-reactivity to LPS and OMP from all other infecting strains. IgM antibody was not observed in any @entity1 . These data confirm other reports of low levels of antibodies to OMP of @entity526 in normal populations. @entity793 in this population is associated with antibody responses to the LPS and OMP of the infecting strain. Elderly individuals with @entity3 had initial reactions to the infecting strain with an apparent increase in intensity during convalescence. Antibodies to the major OMP appear to be broadly cross-reactive.

title: Immunoblot analysis of serologic response to outer membrane proteins of @entity526 in elderly individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['Asymptomatic bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive infections']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: Greater Southeast Community Hospital is located in the center of one of Washington, D.C.'s most troubled and isolated neighborhoods. Like so many inner-city hospitals, it serves a population struggling with high rates of poverty, crime, and illiteracy. As a result, the area suffers from the highest rates of @entity1 mortality, @entity5 , and @entity301 in the D.C. area. When @entity13105 Chapman joined the hospital in 1984, it was giving away roughly 11% of its care-or about  11.5 million worth of medical services to indigent residents. If things continued at that rate, the hospital would soon go out of business. His challenge: to keep Greater Southeast solvent while shoring up the community that surrounds it. Chapman, who grew up in a housing project himself, understands the problems of inner cities innately. Working in tandem with community residents, Greater Southeast has developed a broad range of preventive and supportive programs, such as housing, day care for @entity1 and the elderly, nursing home services, and literacy training. Last year, Chapman was promoted to CEO of Greater Southeast Health Care, a broad network comprising two hospitals, three nursing homes, a physician care network, and over 50 community programs. He remains true to his original mission: "I want to create a network of @entity1 , stringing together various organizations and players, each of whom have something special to contribute to urban problems.... What we are really doing is creating a community."

title: Profits with a purpose: an interview with XXXX Chapman. Interview by Nancy A. Nichols.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

answer: @entity13105 :: (24148,Gene) :: ['Tom']


abstract: The prognostic significance of a diffusely infiltrative intramyometrial growth pattern was evaluated in 110 cases of low-stage (stages I and II) @entity1204 . Fifty cases were associated with diffuse infiltration (DI group), and 50 cases had more conventional granulation tissue type intramyometrial infiltration (GTT group). Ten cases with @entity3909 involvement of deeply situated @entity1870 (ADMY group) were also studied. The diffusely infiltrative " @entity652 " growth pattern featured typically round, regular individual glands, clearly within myometrium but with minimal or absent stromal or inflammatory cell response. Myoinvasion of the conventional sort was characterized by irregular, sharply angulated abnormal glands within myometrium without interposed normal glands or endometrial stroma. The abnormal glands were surrounded, at least focally, by @entity4 with granulation tissue type reaction and/or an inflammatory cell infiltrate. Mean follow-up was 77.8 months (range 3-219 months) for the @entity1 with diffusely infiltrative myoinvasion and deep @entity1870 and 86.9 months (range 1-206 months) for the @entity1 with conventional myoinvasion. Recurrence-free survival for @entity1 with stage I disease and conventional myoinvasion (94%) was similar to that of @entity1 with diffuse @entity652 infiltration (98%; p = 0.13). Survival rates for both groups were also similar. Two (4%) of the 50 @entity1 with diffusely infiltrative @entity652 pattern of myoinvasion died of @entity1204 36 and 72 months after hysterectomy, and 2 (4%) of the 50 @entity1 with conventional myoinvasion died 34 and 67 months after hysterectomy (p = 0.41). Survival in these @entity1 correlated with depth of @entity3 and stage. There were no recurrences in the @entity1 with deep @entity1870 . These results suggest that although @entity1204 with @entity2617 are fully capable of aggressive clinical behavior, they do not appear to behave any more aggressively than those with conventional @entity3 . Prognostic indicators of clinically aggressive disease are similar to those that have been previously identified for @entity1204 with the more conventional pattern of myometrial infiltration. They include cervical involvement, deep @entity3 , higher histologic grade, and lymph-vascular space invasion. @entity1204 with extensive involvement of @entity1870 and adjacent foci of minimal myometrial infiltration appear to have very low malignant potential, but the number of cases with this finding and adequate clinical follow-up is limited. This finding needs to be confirmed in a much larger series of cases.

title: Diffusely infiltrative @entity1204 : an XXXX pattern of myoinvasion.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial carcinomas', 'Endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse myometrial infiltration']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous stroma']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma malignum']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma malignum']


abstract: The terminal regions of monomeric hook protein from @entity2491 are known to be highly mobile and exposed to the solvent. Although hook protein exhibits an unusual far-UV circular dichroism spectrum, resembling that of random coil structures, our calorimetric experiments clearly demonstrate that the molecule has a compact ordered core. The compact part probably consists of three domains as suggested by deconvolution analysis of the calorimetric melting profiles. Secondary structure prediction, together with the analysis of far-UV circular dichroism spectra, has shown that the domains of monomeric hook protein contain beta-sheeted structures without significant alpha-helical content. The polymerization of hook protein is accompanied by the stabilization of its disordered terminal regions into a predominantly alpha-helical domain. Evaluation of circular dichroism data suggests that about 45 terminal residues are involved in helical segments. Coiled-coil prediction indicates that whereas the whole @entity1473 -terminal helical region of hook protein has a strong bundle-forming potential, there is only a single short @entity1472 -terminal segment exhibiting weak coiled-coil forming tendencies. The formation of alpha-helical bundles is commonly believed to be a key event during the polymerization of the @entity2348 . To clarify the role of helical bundle formation in hook assembly, proteolytic fragments of hook protein with truncations of various lengths in their @entity1473 -terminal disordered regions were generated, and their polymerization behavior was investigated. We found that even fragments completely lacking the main helix-forming @entity1473 -terminal regions can polymerize into filaments in vitro under appropriately high salt concentrations. Our results suggest that, although helical bundle formation may occur during self-assembly, governing precise subunit packing and playing an important role in the stabilization of hook filaments, it is not the principal interaction mainly responsible for the development of their filamentous structure.

title: Structural organization and assembly of flagellar hook protein from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['axial structure of bacterial flagella']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Preservation of nontumorous liver parenchyma should be a priority in hepatic surgery in order to avoid the risk of life-threatening @entity1578 and maximize the possibility of repeat resection. METHODOLOGY: A @entity5 localized in segments VII, @entity797 and infiltrating the main trunk of the superior right hepatic vein usually indicates a need to perform a right hepatectomy. With the presence of a stout inferior right hepatic vein, bisegmentectomy VII, @entity797 can be carried out without the risk of @entity99 in the remaining segment VI. We retrospectively review our experience with this rare and challenging hepatic resection. RESULTS: In 23 of 715 @entity1 with primary @entity157 , the @entity5 was localized in segments VII, @entity797 and involved with the superior right hepatic vein. Eleven underwent bisegmentectomy VII, @entity797 . Mean operative @entity190 was estimated to be 300mL (200-1200mL), and only three @entity1 required blood transfusions less than 2U each @entity1 . No @entity1 had postoperative life-threatening @entity1578 and there was no postoperative mortality. All resection margins were negative. Median overall and disease-free survivals were 31 and 11 months, respectively, with five @entity1 alive and disease-free. CONCLUSIONS: Bisegmentectomy VII and @entity797 is an oncologically radical but parenchyma-preserving liver resection. Though a rare hepatic resection, it can be performed safely with low morbidity and mortality in selected @entity1 .

title: Bisegmentectomy VII- @entity797 for XXXX in cirrhotic livers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic congestion']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Results from 1,039 combined cervical and transcranial Doppler examinations are reported. Satisfactory transcranial signals were not found in 2.7% of the cases. Compared with angiography, the accuracy of transcranial criteria in assessing collateral flow over the circle of Willis was 94 and 88% for anterior and posterior circulation, respectively. The method also appeared very promising for detection of lesions of the intracranial arteries although the number of such cases with angiographic verification was limited in the present series. @entity543 due to @entity2553 was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 80%. In @entity1 with @entity1756 , an incidence of 93% arterial narrowing in basal cerebral arteries was found. @entity1 with @entity510 and no @entity439 on angiography also showed arterial narrowing with an incidence of 56%. It was possible to monitor the time course and severity of @entity2553 . @entity2758 were characterized by Doppler findings of high velocities and low pulsatilities. These lesions were diagnosed with an accuracy of 95%.

title: Evaluation of cerebrovascular disease by combined extracranial and transcranial Doppler sonography. Experience in 1,039 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['Arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial narrowing']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: The goal of this study was to clarify how the post-discharge support by a full time @entity146 social worker (PSW) in a @entity303 ward affected the discharge status of @entity303 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 who were discharged from a @entity303 ward were examined for hospitalization, post-discharge status, nutrition methods, treatment drugs, and relationship with discharge support performed by the PSW. RESULTS: A total of 192 cases met the requirements for this examination, and approximately half (94, 49.0%) of these @entity1 had @entity195 . Fifty-two @entity1 (32.3%) moved to home care. Forty-five @entity1 visited our hospital for treatment, while 17 visited other medical institutions for treatment. Thirty-four @entity1 (17.7%) moved to other medical institutions, and the remaining 96 @entity1 (50.0%) entered other institutions. About half of these @entity1 entered insurance care facilities for the elderly, and the number of entered cases decreased in the order of special elderly nursing homes, paid homes for the elderly, and group homes. The highest mean support frequency per case was more than 50 occasions and 800 minutes for a paid home for the elderly. This support decreased in the order of special elderly nursing homes, insurance care facilities, and group homes. Cases treated at other medical institutions had the shortest hospitalization, but these cases had a greater mean support frequency than the cases treated at our hospital. The lowest mean support frequency was for oral meal intake while the highest mean support frequency was for nourishment by gastrostomy, with a significant difference between both (P<0.01). Only for cases that entered insurance care facilities for the elderly was there significantly more support frequency for cases that took @entity8124 than cases that took other drugs (P<0.03). CONCLUSIONS: After discharge from a @entity303 ward, the PSW spent a significant amount of time on discharge support, and this discharge support was indispensable. Hospitalization at a medical institution or admission to facilities was associated with a higher degree of discharge support than home care. Furthermore, @entity1 who were hospitalized at a long-term medical treatment institution, or those who entered an insurance care facility for the elderly, needed frequent support for drug administration.

title: [Study of discharge support in XXXX cases].

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil hydrochloride']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: The cardiovascular response to @entity5694 was evaluated in an awake, intravascular volume-resuscitated @entity235 model. The animals were chronically instrumented for ultrasonic crystal dimension analysis and pressure measurements of the left ventricle (LV), aorta, right atrium (RA), and pulmonary artery (PA) and for cardiac output (CO) measurement. Lipopolysaccharide ( @entity526 011:B4) ( @entity558 ) was administered intravenously either as an acute, high dose bolus (5 mg/kg; n = 5), a high dose bolus after complete beta-blockade with @entity1169 (n = 3), or a chronic, low dose infusion (5 micrograms/kg/h; n = 7). Relative to baseline values, cardiac contractility was increased after acute high dose @entity558 bolus, however this effect was negated by beta-blockade. Chronic, low dose @entity558 infusion produced an increase in cardiac contractility at 1 h, a return to baseline by 4 h, and maximal contractile @entity308 by 24 h. No change was seen in LV compliance after the high dose @entity558 bolus. The LV end diastolic volume was decreased by the high dose @entity558 bolus. This change was blocked by @entity1169 administration. Chronic @entity558 administration was accompanied by a decrease in LV compliance and an increase in LV end diastolic volume. Other @entity65 (heart rate, CO, systemic vascular resistance) changed in a fashion similar to @entity1 @entity295 . These findings confirm that @entity5694 in conscious @entity235 subjects causes changes in cardiovascular function similar to that seen in @entity1 and animal models of @entity295 . This study also allows us to explain some of the discrepancies between earlier studies of @entity1 @entity295 and animal models in which the appropriate clinical conditions and an intact neuro-endocrine axis were not maintained.

title: Cardiovascular response to acute and chronic XXXX in an awake, volume-resuscitated, @entity235 model.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular indices']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: Effects of varying bulk densities of steam-flaked @entity4336 (SFC) and level of inclusion of roughage in feedlot diets were evaluated in 3 experiments. In Exp. 1, a total of 128 beef steers were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate the effects of bulk density of SFC (335 or 386 g/L) and roughage concentration (6 or 10% ground alfalfa hay, @entity3918 basis) on performance and carcass characteristics. No interactions were observed between bulk density and roughage concentration for performance data. From d 0 to the end, @entity291 fed the 335 g/L SFC had greater overall G:F (P = 0.04) than those fed the 386 g/L SFC, with tendencies (P < 0.10) for improved G:F with the lighter flake weight evident at all 35-d intervals throughout the feeding period. Dry matter intake was less for @entity291 fed 6 vs. 10% roughage from d 0 to 35 (P = 0.03) and d 0 to 70 (P = 0.05), but not for the overall feeding period. Feeding 6 vs. 10% ground alfalfa as the roughage source tended (P = 0.09) to improve overall G:F. Treatment effects on carcass measurements were generally not significant (P > 0.20). In Exp. 2, the effects of bulk density of SFC (283, 335, or 386 g/L) and 6 or 10% ground alfalfa hay on IVDMD and in vitro pH were evaluated at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h of incubation. With a reduced-strength buffer in vitro fermentation system, pH increased (P < 0.01) with increasing bulk density at 6 and 12 h, and IVDMD decreased (P < 0.03) as bulk density increased. In contrast, in a normal-strength buffer system, there were no treatment differences (P > 0.23) for IVDMD. In Exp. 3, two diets that varied in bulk density of SFC and roughage concentration (335 g/L SFC with 6% alfalfa hay vs. 386 g/L SFC with 10% alfalfa hay) were compared for their effects on the pattern of feed intake and the acid-base balance in Holstein steers (12/treatment). No differences (P > 0.10) between treatments were noted for blood gases or urine pH; however, day effects (P < 0.02) were detected for blood pH, partial pressure of @entity515 , and urine pH, which generally decreased (P < 0.05) with an increasing time on feed. The 2 treatments had little effect on the pattern of feed intake within the sampling days, with the exception that the 386 g/L SFC with 10% alfalfa hay diet increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of total DMI consumed at 1 and 6 h after feeding on d 14. Within the ranges of bulk density and roughage level studied, 335 g/L SFC with 6% alfalfa hay yielded the optimal animal performance, with limited effects on in vitro fermentation and the acid-base balance.

title: Effects of varying bulk densities of steam-flaked XXXX and dietary roughage concentration on in vitro fermentation, performance, carcass quality, and acid-base balance measurements in finishing steers.

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['corn']


abstract: BACKGROUNDS: Our aim was to confirm the utility of paramedics using the Kurashiki Prehospital @entity64 Scale (KPSS), with a maximum score of 13, for @entity1 who may be eligible for administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV @entity3479 ). METHODS: The subjects comprised @entity64 and @entity63 ( @entity63 ) @entity1 transferred to our hospital by paramedics. We analyzed correlations between KPSS and the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS). @entity1 admitted within 3 h of onset were categorized into 2 groups: KPSS >= 4 and KPSS <4. We compared the proportion of @entity1 receiving IV @entity3479 between the groups. RESULTS: Among 430 consecutive @entity1 (mean age = 73 years; 266 @entity1 ), paramedics recorded KPSS for 256 @entity1 (59.5%). Excellent correlation was observed between KPSS and NIHSS in all 256 @entity1 (R = 0.766; p < 0.001) and in 94 @entity1 ( @entity385 and @entity63 with symptoms on admission) admitted within 3 h of onset (R = 0.706; p < 0.001). Among these 94 @entity1 , IV @entity3479 was more frequently given in the KPSS >= 4 group (30 of 58 @entity1 , 51.7%) than in the KPSS <4 group (5 of 36 @entity1 , 13.9%; p < 0.001). @entity432 was more frequently observed in the KPSS >= 4 group (57.9 vs. 31.4%, p = 0.018). KPSS >= 4 was independently associated with administration of IV @entity3479 (odds ratio = 4.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.5-14.6, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Reliable concordance between KPSS and NIHSS was found in @entity64 and @entity63 @entity1 . KPSS >= 4 represents a good score to indicate prospective @entity3479 @entity1 among those admitted within 3 h of @entity64 onset.

title: Utility of the Kurashiki Prehospital XXXX Scale for hyperacute @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity158 and joint destruction are initiated and propagated by the production of proinflammatory mediators. Synthesis of these mediators is regulated by the transcription factor NF-kappaB, which is controlled by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The present study explored the effects of the proteasome inhibitor @entity16626 on @entity32 , @entity158 , joint destruction, and expression of sensory neuropeptides as markers of neuronal response in a @entity35 model of @entity625 . METHODS: @entity625 was induced in @entity35 by injection of heat-killed Mycobacterium butyricum. @entity625 severity was scored, and nociception was evaluated by mechanical pressure applied to the hind paw. Joint destruction was assessed by radiologic and histologic analyses. NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity was analyzed by electromobility shift assay, and changes in the expression of the p50 NF-kappaB subunit and the proinflammatory neuropeptides substance @entity10133 ) and calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity4655 ) were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Arthritic @entity35 treated with @entity16626 demonstrated a marked @entity32 , @entity158 , and joint destruction. The elevated DNA-binding activity of the NF-kappaB/p50 homodimer and p50, as well as the neuronal expression of SP and @entity4655 , observed in the @entity3681 of arthritic @entity35 were normalized after treatment with @entity16626 . CONCLUSION: In arthritic @entity35 , inhibition of proteasome reduced the severity of @entity625 and reversed the @entity158 behavior associated with @entity32 . These effects may be mediated through the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and may possibly involve the peripheral nervous system. New generations of nontoxic proteasome inhibitors may represent a novel pharmacotherapy for @entity309 .

title: Attenuation of @entity158 and @entity32 in adjuvant-induced @entity625 by the proteasome inhibitor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'joint inflammation', 'reduction in inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity16626 :: (MESH:C072553,Chemical) :: ['MG132']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the activation of @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) in @entity356 SGC-7901 cells after treating with @entity9188 and the enhancement of the therapeutic effect of @entity9188 with recombinant adenovirus IkappaBalphaM. METHODS: Culture of @entity356 SGC-7901 cells was carried out. The cells both uninfected and infected with Ad-IkappaBalpha but not treated with @entity9188 were used as control. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the activation of @entity2451 in the cells after treatment of @entity9188 and the combination with Ad-IkappaBalphaM. @entity98 , Hoechst staining and TUNEL were used to assay the change of apoptosis induced by @entity9188 after infection with Ad-IkappaBalphaM. RESULTS: The results of EMSA and immunohistochemical method showed that after the treatment of @entity9188 the cells showed high activity of @entity2451 . @entity281 with Ad-IkappaBalphaM can inhibit the activation of @entity2451 ; @entity98 method indicated that after the treatment of @entity9188 infected with Ad-IkappaBalphaM apoptosis rate of the cells (59.2 +/- 2.5)% was higher than that of the cells treated with @entity9188 and infected with Ad-IkappaBalpha but not treated with @entity9188 (47.5 +/- 2.3)% and these neither infected nor treated (40.0 +/- 1.2%), P < 0.01. The result of Hoechst staining method indicated that, in the group of cells treated with @entity9188 and infected with Ad-IkappaBalphaM, apoptosis rate is (27.7 +/- 2.6)%, which was higher than the that of the cells infected with Ad-IkappaBalpha (18.3 +/- 1.5)% but not treated with @entity9188 and these neither infected nor treated (11.0 +/- 1.7%), P < 0.05. Hoechst staining method was in accordance with TUNEL technique; it was shown that in the group of cells treated with @entity9188 and infected with Ad-IkappaBalphaM, apoptosis rate was (31.1 +/- 2.5)%, being still higher than that of cells infected with Ad-IkappaBalpha but not treated with @entity9188 (20.7 +/- 2.1)% and these neither infected nor treated (13.0 +/- 1.7)%, P < 0.01. Therefore, infection with Ad-IkappaBalphaM can significantly increase the apoptosis induced by @entity9188 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity356 cells treated with @entity9188 show activity of @entity2451 . It is indicated that the activity of @entity2451 may be the mechanism of the antagonism of @entity356 cells against the apoptosis induced by @entity9188 . Infection with Ad-IkappaBalphaM can effectively inhibit the activation of @entity2451 in @entity356 cells and increase the cell apoptosis induced by @entity9188 .

title: [A study on the apoptosis of XXXX cells induced by arsenic trioxide combined with Ad-IkappaBalphaM].

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor-kappaB', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Simultaneous infection']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'Gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: The present study was aimed to investigate the germ cell @entity137 of @entity632 and find out the possible correlation between sperm head morphological evaluation and sperm comet assay, which are used to assess male germ cell @entity137 . The correlation between these two assays was validated using a potent germ cell toxicant, @entity632 , in male @entity35 . @entity632 was administered intra-peritionally at the doses of 1.25, 2.5 and 5mg/kg weekly once for a period of 5 weeks and all the animals were sacrificed after 1 week of receiving the last dose. The germ cell @entity137 of @entity632 was assessed using oxidative stress parameters, sperm head morphology, sperm comet assay, halo assay and histology in testes as the end point of evaluation. A significant increase in the % abnormality in sperm head was found in the animals treated with 2.5 and 5mg/kg/week @entity632 . @entity632 treatment significantly increased the DNA damage of sperm in a dose-dependent manner as observed by sperm comet assay parameters. A strong positive correlation was observed between the sperm head morphological evaluation and the sperm comet assay. Therefore, it can be concluded that the damage in genetic material of sperm may result into abnormalities in the sperm head morphology. The sperm head morphological evaluation is considered to be essential for the assessment of male germ cell @entity137 by several regulatory bodies like the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ). However, acceptance of the sperm comet assay by regulatory authorities as a standard genotoxicity test for assessing male germ cell @entity137 still requires further validation of the assay.

title: Evaluation of male germ cell @entity137 in XXXX : correlation between sperm head morphology and sperm comet assay.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['International Conference on Harmonization', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Low dose @entity7306 has been used to prevent neurally-mediated @entity1163 during head-up tilt testing but a correlation between blood levels and efficacy has not been described. We measured @entity7306 levels in 15 @entity1 with recurrent @entity1163 and positive 70 degrees head-up tilt tests who underwent one or more repeat tests on the drug. There were 9 males and 6 females, age range 15-78 years. Fourteen of the 15 @entity1 had structurally normal hearts. The daily @entity7306 dose was 645 +/- 165 mg (mean +/- SD). @entity1 developed @entity1163 during 9 tests and had no @entity1163 during 12 tests. The mean @entity7306 level in @entity1 with positive tests was significantly lower than the level in @entity1 with negative tests (2.4 +/- 0.15 mu/mL vs 3.2 +/- 0.22 mu/mL, P = 0.018). Six @entity1 were tested twice on different @entity7306 doses. Five of these six @entity1 had @entity1163 during head-up tilt testing on the lower dose and negative tests on the higher dose ( @entity7306 levels 2.2 +/- 0.17 mu/mL vs 3.2 +/- 0.17 mu/mL, P = 0.004). Thus, @entity7306 is effective in preventing @entity907 during head-up tilt testing, but higher blood levels are often necessary for efficacy. In a given @entity1 , failure to respond to low dose @entity7306 does not preclude success on higher doses.

title: Low dose XXXX often fails to prevent @entity907 during head-up tilt testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['disopyramide']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic syncope']

answer: @entity7306 :: (MESH:D004206,Chemical) :: ['disopyramide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electrolyte imbalance and @entity2010 ( @entity2010 ) are the most common complications in @entity1 undergoing @entity976 surgery. Improper management of water and electrolyte imbalance is common cause of morbidity and mortality. Data is sparse and controversial regarding the choice of fluid therapy in this population during perioperative period. METHODS: In this retrospective-prospective study involving 73 @entity1 (58 retrospective), the type of fluid therapy was correlated with occurrence of @entity3489 , @entity2753 , @entity2010 , morbidity, and mortality. In the retrospective study, 48 @entity1 received normal saline and 10 received mixed fluids as per the prevailing practice. In the prospective group, five @entity1 each received normal saline, half normal saline, and 5% dextrose randomly. RESULTS: The sodium values were significantly higher in first 48 h in the group that received normal saline compared with other groups (P < 0.001). The use of normal saline was associated with higher incidence of @entity3489 , @entity2010 , and mortality (P = 0.05), while the group that received 5% @entity413 was associated with @entity2753 , @entity4053 , and @entity410 . There was no perioperative @entity551 with use of any of the fluids. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate half normal saline was fluid of choice with diminished incidence of water and electrolyte abnormalities without increase in mortality during postoperative period.

title: Choice of fluid therapy in @entity1 of XXXX in the perioperative period: A hospital-based preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity3489 :: ('MESH:D006955', 'Disease') :: ['hypernatremia']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['acute diabetes insipidus', 'DI']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively assess the efficacy of the lymphatic microsurgical preventive healing approach (LYMPHA) to prevent @entity4269 after @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) for @entity0 treatment. METHODS: Among 49 consecutive @entity1 referred from March 2008 to September 2009 to undergo complete @entity5848 , 46 were randomly divided in 2 groups. Twenty-three underwent the LYMPHA technique for the prevention of arm @entity4269 . The other 23 @entity1 had no preventive surgical approach (control group). The LYMPHA procedure consisted of performing lymphatic-venous anastomoses (LVA) at the time of @entity5848 . All @entity1 underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (LS). @entity1 were followed up clinically at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18  months by volumetry. Postoperatively, LS was performed after 18  months in 41 @entity1 (21 treatment group and 20 control group). Arm volume and LS alterations were assessed. RESULTS: @entity4269 appeared in 1 @entity1 in the treatment group 6  months after surgery (4.34%). In the control group, @entity4269 occurred in 7 @entity1 (30.43%). No statistically significant differences in the arm volume were observed in the treatment group during follow-up, while the arm volume in the control group showed a significant increase after 1, 3, and 6  months from operation. There was significant difference between the 2 groups in the volume changes with respect to baseline after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18  months after surgery (every timing P value  <  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: LYMPHA represents a valid technique for primary prevention of secondary arm @entity4269 with no risk of leaving undetected @entity5 .

title: Surgical prevention of arm XXXX after @entity0 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease in the axilla']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphedema', 'lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity5848 :: ('MESH:D000784', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'axillary dissection']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['lymphedema']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gait disorders are common in the elderly and are related to loss of functional independence and @entity204 . @entity62 ( @entity62 ) may be related, but only a minority of individuals with @entity62 has @entity426 . Probably other factors are involved, including location and the independent effect of frequently coinciding @entity1188 , the other aspect of @entity6249 . The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of both the severity and location of both @entity62 and @entity1188 on gait. METHODS: Four hundred thirty-one independently living, nondemented elderly aged between 50 and 85 years with @entity6249 were included in this analysis and underwent MRI scanning. The number and location of @entity1188 were rated and WML volume was assessed by manual segmentation with automated delineating of different regions. Gait was assessed quantitatively with an electronic walkway as well as the semiquantitatively Tinetti and Timed-Up-and-Go test. RESULTS: @entity62 and @entity1188 were both independently associated with most gait parameters with stride length as the most sensitive parameter related to @entity62 . @entity62 in the sublobar (basal ganglia/internal capsule) and limbic areas and @entity1188 in the frontal lobe and thalamus were related to a lower velocity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6249 is related to gait disturbances. Because small vessel disease may, in part, be preventable, it should be regarded as a potentially important target for postponing gait impairment.

title: Gait in elderly with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small vessel disease', 'Cerebral small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarcts']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['gait disorders']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['White matter lesions', 'WMLs']

answer: @entity6249 :: (MESH:D059345,Disease) :: ['cerebral small vessel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug shops are usually the first source of care for febrile @entity1 in Uganda although the quality of care they provide is known to be poor. Within a larger quasi-experimental study introducing the WHO/UNICEF recommended integrated community case management (iCCM) of @entity311 , @entity55 and @entity294 intervention for community health workers in registered drug shops, the level of adherence to clinical protocols by drug sellers was determined. METHODS: All drug shops (N  =  44) in the intervention area were included and all @entity1 visits (N  =  7,667) from October 2011-June 2012 to the participating drug shops were analysed. Drug shops maintained a standard iCCM register where they recorded the @entity1 seen, their symptoms, diagnostic test performed, treatments given and actions taken. The proportion of @entity1 correctly assessed and treated was determined from the registers. RESULTS: Malaria management: 6,140 of 7,667 (80.1%) total visits to drug shops were of @entity1 with @entity221 . 5986 (97.5%) @entity1 with @entity221 received a @entity311 @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) and the @entity1062 positivity rate was 78% (95% CI 77-79). 4,961/5,307 (93.4%) @entity1 with a positive @entity1062 received @entity507 combination therapy. Pneumonia management: after respiratory rate assessment of @entity1 with cough and fast/difficult breathing, 3,437 (44.8%) were categorized as " @entity55 ", 3,126 (91.0%) of whom received the recommended drug- @entity115 . @entity294 management: 2,335 (30.5%) @entity1 visits were for @entity294 with 2,068 (88.6%) correctly treated with oral rehydration salts and @entity5937 . Dual/Triple classification: 2,387 (31.1%) @entity1 had both @entity311 and @entity55 and 664 (8.7%) were classified as having three illnesses. Over 90% of the @entity1 with dual or triple classification were treated appropriately. Meanwhile, 381 @entity1 were categorized as severely sick (with a danger sign) with 309 (81.1%) of them referred for appropriate management. CONCLUSION: With the introduction of the iCCM intervention at drug shops in Eastern Uganda, it was possible to achieve high adherence to the treatment protocols, which is likely compatible with increased quality of care.

title: Drug seller adherence to clinical protocols with integrated management of @entity311 , @entity55 and XXXX at drug shops in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea', 'Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['RDT', 'rapid diagnostic test']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity5937 :: ('CHEBI:35176', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc sulphate']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: These experiments examined the effect of the GABAA agonist, @entity6341 (MUS), on memory for changes in reward magnitude. In Experiment 1 @entity35 were trained to run a straight alley for either a large or small food reward. After reaching asymptotic performance @entity35 in the high reward group were shifted to the small food reward. Half the animals received 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg (ip) of MUS or the equivalent volume of saline immediately after training. Shifted training continued for 3 more days and no further injections were given. Shifted saline animals displayed an increase in response latencies compared to unshifted controls with a sharp peak on the day after the shift. Shifted MUS receiving 1.0 mg/kg performed comparably to shifted saline animals. In contrast, Shifted MUS animals receiving 3.0 mg/kg displayed performance comparable to shifted saline animals on the day of the shift but displayed a sharp increase in response latencies on the second day after the shift. These findings indicate that post-training systemic MUS injections delay the peak increase in response latencies and suggest that MUS induces @entity5186 for reward reduction. Experiment 2 examined the effect of MUS on the memory of a reward increase. @entity35 were first trained as in Experiment 1 and @entity35 under the high reward condition were then shifted to the small reward. On the next training session, the large food reward was reinstated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX induces @entity5186 for changes in reward magnitude.

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity5186 :: ('MESH:D000648', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde amnesia']

answer: @entity6341 :: (MESH:D009118,Chemical) :: ['Muscimol']


abstract: We have modified a method for isolating gap-junctional membrane from @entity19 hearts [Kensler _ Goodenough (1980) J. Cell Biol. 86, 755-764] to isolate gap junctions of comparable purity from @entity95 hearts more rapidly, with better yield, and without resort to non-ionic detergents. Purification was monitored by electron microscopy of thin-sectioned membrane pellets and by @entity214 / @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis. Gap junctions were obtained as vesicles whose mean surface area approximated that of junctions in intact myocardial cells. About 10-20% of the vesicles were ferritin-impermeable. Approx. 125 micrograms of membrane protein was obtained per 8 g of @entity95 heart. @entity214 / @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis of purified gap junctions showed five major protein bands of mol.wts. 46 000, 44 000, 33 000, 30 000 and 28 500 that co-purified with the junctions. This protein composition was nearly identical with that published for gap junctions of @entity19 hearts, and differed markedly from the protein composition of gap junctions from non-excitable cells (lens and liver). The constancy of junctional protein composition between hearts of two different species and its non-identity with that from liver and lens suggest that, although gap-junctional structure in @entity1 tissues seems to be remarkably similar by electron-microscopic techniques, junctional-channel protein composition actually varies from tissue to tissue and may be adapted to the permeability requirements of the tissue.

title: Isolation and protein composition of gap junctions from XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate', 'Sodium dodecyl sulphate']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Admission @entity1188 core lesion size is an important determinant of management and outcome in acute (<9 hours) @entity64 . Our purposes were to: (1) determine the optimal CT perfusion parameter to define @entity1188 core using various postprocessing platforms; and (2) establish the degree of variability in threshold values between these different platforms. METHODS: We evaluated 48 consecutive cases with vessel occlusion and admission CT perfusion and diffusion-weighted imaging within 3 hours of each other. CT perfusion was acquired with a "second-generation" 66-second biphasic cine protocol and postprocessed using "standard" (from 2 vendors, "A-std" and "B-std") and "delay-corrected" (from 1 vendor, "A-dc") commercial software. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed comparing each CT perfusion parameter-both absolute and normalized to the contralateral uninvolved hemisphere-between infarcted and noninfarcted regions as defined by coregistered diffusion-weighted imaging. RESULTS: Cerebral blood flow had the highest accuracy (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve) for all 3 platforms (P<0.01). The maximal areas under the curve for each parameter were: absolute cerebral blood flow 0.88, cerebral blood volume 0.81, and mean transit time 0.82 and relative Cerebral blood flow 0.88, cerebral blood volume 0.83, and mean transit time 0.82. Optimal receiver operating characteristic operating point thresholds varied significantly between different platforms (Friedman test, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Admission absolute and normalized "second-generation" cine acquired CT cerebral blood flow lesion volumes correlate more closely with diffusion-weighted imaging-defined @entity1188 core than do those of CT cerebral blood volume or mean transit time. Although limited availability of diffusion-weighted imaging for some @entity1 creates impetus to develop alternative methods of estimating core, the marked variability in quantification among different postprocessing software limits generalizability of parameter map thresholds between platforms.

title: CT cerebral blood flow maps optimally correlate with admission diffusion-weighted imaging in acute XXXX but thresholds vary by postprocessing platform.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity17528 and @entity17138 are targeted small-molecule drugs that inhibit @entity8047 and @entity584 respectively. The efficacy of this combination in @entity2 is unknown. Our previous work showed the importance of activated @entity584 in mediating resistance of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) to @entity17528 . Thus we hypothesized that dual inhibition of both downstream @entity8047 and @entity584 pathways would induce synergistic antitumor activity. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of @entity17528 and @entity17138 individually on a large panel of @entity2 cell lines. Then, we treated 28 @entity1 @entity2 cell lines with a combination of @entity17528 and @entity17138 at clinically applicable drug molar ratios. The @entity17528 - @entity17138 combination therapy resulted in a synergistic effect on inhibition of @entity2 cell growth compared to the results of single drug treatment alone. @entity17138 enhanced @entity17528 -induced Bim overexpression and apoptosis in A549 and H157 cells. When we tested the combination of @entity17528 and @entity17138 at ratios of 8   1, 4   1, 2   1, and 1   8, we found that the synergistic effect of the combination therapy was ratio-dependent. At ratios of 8   1, 4   1, and 2   1, the drug combination consistently demonstrated synergy, whereas decreasing the ratio to 1   8 resulted in a loss of synergy and produced an additive or antagonistic effect in most cell lines. Furthermore, the @entity17528 - @entity17138 combination therapy showed synergy in the suppression of A549 and H157 xenograft @entity5 growth and increased mean animal survival time. The @entity17528 - @entity17138 combination therapy resulted in effective inhibition of both @entity7952 and p- @entity584 expression in @entity5 tissue. In addition, a significant increase of apoptosis was detected in @entity5 tissue from @entity19 treated with @entity17528 - @entity17138 compared with that from the single agent treated @entity19 . Our study suggests that the combination of @entity17528 and @entity17138 has a significant synergistic effect on @entity5 growth in vitro and in vivo and leads to increased survival rates in @entity19 bearing highly aggressive @entity1 @entity2 .

title: Combination treatment with XXXX and @entity584 inhibitors is more effective than each drug alone in @entity1 @entity1149 in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity8047 :: (5609,Gene) :: ['MEK']


abstract: To ascertain the prognostic significance of @entity5 @entity5282 status in node negative, premenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 , a retrospective view of 199 @entity1 fitting these criteria was conducted. Of these 199 @entity1 , 147 had @entity172 receptor data available. There were 104 @entity1 (71%) who were @entity172 receptor negative, and 16 (15%) had developed local or distant recurrence with a median follow-up of 44 months. Five @entity1 had died of @entity0 . Of the 43 @entity1 who were @entity172 receptor positive, there was one recurrence, and no @entity0 . This difference in recurrence is statistically significant (P less than 0.01) by the log-rank probability test. Of the 17 @entity1 with recurrent disease, 14 (82%) had @entity5 2 cm or larger in size. If only those @entity1 with @entity5 2 cm or larger are considered, 23% (13/57) who were @entity172 receptor negative and 5% (1/19) who were @entity172 receptor positive recurred. This remains statistically significant (P less than 0.025). We conclude that @entity5 @entity5282 status and size of @entity5 are significant prognostic factors in identifying premenopausal, node negative @entity1 at risk for recurrent disease.

title: Tumor @entity5282 status and recurrences in premenopausal node negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer deaths']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: Two @entity4082 - @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin regimes were assessed for our in vitro fertilization and embryo replacement (IVF and ER) program since September 1983. @entity4082 , 50 mg bd, was taken from day 2 for 5 days. @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) was given from day 6; for the first regime, 75 IU/day was given for the first 3 days, and for the second, 150 IU/day. The subsequent dosages were dependent on the @entity53 response. There were 9 cases for the first regime and 10 cases for the second. The mean number of hMG ampoules given was 16.5 and 19.25, respectively. The number of follicles seen on ultrasound was 3.0 +/- 0.5 and 3.4 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- SD), respectively. There was no statistical difference in the @entity53 response up to the day of laparoscopic ova recovery for the two regimes. However, a spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge was observed in 4 of 9 cases in the first group and 6 of 10 cases in the second group. When a comparison was made between cases that had a spontaneous LH surge and cases that were given @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), there was a higher @entity53 level on the day of the laparoscopy in the hCG group with the lower hMG regime (P less than 0.05). There were no other differences. Our small series shows a 52.6% incidence of spontaneous LH surge with @entity4082 -hMG. Hence such stimulated regimes can result in a high proportion of spontaneous LH surges; this may be an index of satisfactory endocrinological control in spite of an increase in the number of follicles.

title: Follicular-phase response in two @entity4082 - XXXX menopausal gonadotropin regimes for an in vitro fertilization program.

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['Clomiphene', 'clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Cumulative O2 @entity137 (K) can be calculated using the expression K = t2 x PO2c, where t is exposure time and the power c is to be determined; the phenomenon is liable to occur when K reaches Kc, the threshold value of K at which a symptom is manifested. Six @entity35 were each exposed six times to 6 ATA O2 at 2-day intervals until the @entity3389 ( @entity3389 ) was noted in an electroencephalogram. There was no difference in latency to @entity3389 in the series of six exposures. Thirteen @entity35 were exposed to O2 until @entity3389 was noted in an electroencephalogram. They were exposed to four constant @entity4095 's of 5, 6, 7, and 8 ATA and to two combined profiles of 1) 5 min at 7 ATA followed by 5 ATA and 2) 15 min at 5 ATA followed by 7 ATA. The solution of the equation for each @entity35 was used to predict its latency to @entity3389 on the combined profile. The correlation of predicted to measured latency was significant (P < 0.0001), and the slope was not different from 1. Solving for these parameters using the combination of all the data, we obtained Kc = 5.71 x 10(6) and c = 5.39, which correctly predicted the mean latency but failed to predict individual latency. It is preferable to use each @entity35 as its own control. The significance of the correlation supports the validity of the power equation for calculating K.

title: Prediction of central nervous system oxygen @entity137 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3389 :: ('MESH:D019522', 'Disease') :: ['FED', 'first electrical discharge']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors studied the histological alterations and the expression of @entity3334 and @entity1549 in disc specimens of @entity1 who had undergone operations for @entity890 . METHODS: Forty-three lumbar disc specimens were evaluated histopathologically for degenerative changes and immunohistochemical expression of @entity3334 and @entity1549 . The observed degenerative changes provided a degenerative score that was applied in each @entity1 . Sections of disc immunostained for @entity3334 and @entity1549 were evaluated semiquantitatively. @entity1 were categorized in 3 age groups: < 30 years, between 30 and 60 years, and > 60 years of age. The expression of @entity3334 and @entity1549 were correlated to @entity1 's age, degenerative score, and grade of @entity890 . RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the degenerative score between the age groups. Degenerative changes were more pronounced in greater grades of @entity3976 (p < 0.0001). In the group of @entity1 < 30 years of age there was a significant correlation between @entity3334 and @entity1549 expression and both degenerative score and @entity3976 grade. For the group of @entity1 30-60 years of age, there was no significant difference between @entity3334 expression and degenerative score, but the correlation between @entity3334 expression and grade of @entity3976 was significant. There was a significant correlation between @entity1549 expression and both degenerative score and @entity3976 grade. Regarding the @entity1 > 60 years of age, there was a significant correlation between @entity3334 and @entity1549 expression and both degenerative score and @entity3976 grade. There was a significantly lower expression of both @entity3334 and @entity1549 in the group < 30 years of age compared with the other ages. No significant correlation was found in @entity3334 and @entity1549 expression between the groups of @entity1 who were 30-60 and > 60 years of age. Interestingly, in age groups > 30 years, there were no statistically significant differences between the expression of @entity3334 and @entity1549 , whereas in @entity1 < 30 years of age the expression of @entity1549 was significantly lower than the expression of @entity3334 . CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity3334 and @entity1549 were strongly correlated to the age of the @entity1 and the grade of @entity3976 . An important finding in this study is the differential expression of @entity3334 and @entity1549 between the age groups. In the young age group it appears that deregulation of @entity3334 expression is higher than that of @entity1549 in the pathogenesis of @entity890 .

title: Correlation of matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -3 with XXXX age and grade of @entity890 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Persistent @entity4264 (PLSVC) is the most common @entity1211 . HYPOTHESIS: This study examines the epidemiologic, clinical, and morphologic characteristics of a cohort of @entity1 with PLSVC draining into the coronary sinus. METHODS: We examined the clinical and morphologic characteristics of @entity1 with PLSVC draining into the coronary sinus diagnosed at a single referral hospital for a defined population in northwestern Spain. We designed a prospective study of the case records of all @entity1 diagnosed with PLSVC draining into the coronary sinus at the echocardiography laboratory of the Hospital Xeral-Calde from January 2001 through December 2002. @entity1 were included if they had a PLSVC diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) using an echo-contrast enhancement and confirmed by a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Ten @entity1 (6 @entity1 ) fulfilled the inclusion criteria described above. All @entity1 were adults and had associated @entity299 , including a @entity299 in three cases. RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging examination confirmed the presence of PLSVC and the site of drainage into the coronary sinus. Absence of the @entity4264 was observed only in three @entity1 , in whom the main coronary sinus size was significantly increased. Absence of the left brachiocephalic vein was diagnosed in five @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study describes 10 new cases of PLSVC and supports the necessity of considering PLSVC draining into the coronary sinus in the diagnosis of @entity1 presenting with dilated coronary sinus diagnosed by TTE. It also underlines the important role of MR imaging in the evaluation of these abnormalities. An associated @entity299 must always be excluded in these @entity1 .

title: Persistent XXXX draining into the coronary sinus: report of 10 cases and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['left superior vena cava', 'right superior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic venous anomaly']

answer: @entity4264 :: (MESH:D013479,Disease) :: ['left superior vena cava']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of first trimester ultrasonography in detecting @entity2241 . METHODS: This is a retrospective study of all @entity1 undergoing fetal nuchal translucency (NT) assessment and detailed fetal anatomic survey in the first trimester at a single tertiary care referral center in China. Fetal anatomy scans were repeated in the second trimester. Detection of @entity2241 was compared between first and second trimester anatomy scans and confirmed at delivery or at autopsy. RESULTS: 9,438 fetuses from 9,197 @entity1 (241 twin pairs) were ananlysed. The incidence of @entity2241 was 0.38% (36/9,438). Of these, 28(77.8%) were diagnosed prenatally: 23(63.9%) on first trimester scan and 5(13.9%) on second trimester scan. @entity4217 (usually transverse @entity4218 ) were the most common @entity4218 identified in the first trimester (n   =   12), followed by clubfoot (n   =   4), @entity1141 (n   =   3), @entity4219 (n   =   1), limb @entity1141 (n   =   1), malposition (n   =   1), and syndactyly (n   =   1). 9 fetuses with isolated @entity4218 had normal NT, while 74.1% (20/27) of @entity4218 that were associated with other abnormalities had increased NT. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the majority of @entity4218 detected antenatally (23/28 [82%]) can be identified in the first trimester, especially major @entity4218 , however our numbers are small and still need larger cases for further investigation.

title: Routine screening for XXXX in the first trimester.

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb abnormalities', 'limb defects', 'limb deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity4219 :: ('MESH:D004480', 'Disease') :: ['sirenomelia']

entities_list: @entity4217 :: ('MESH:C537554', 'Disease') :: ['Limb reduction defects']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal limb abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal dysplasia', 'dysplasia']

answer: @entity2241 :: (MESH:D005315,Disease) :: ['fetal limb abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: The term linear IgA @entity272 defines an immune-mediated blistering @entity272 characterized by @entity4530 , @entity1172 with @entity2617 , and linear IgA antibody deposition at the basement membrane zone (BMZ). However, some @entity1 with linear IgA @entity272 demonstrate both IgA and IgG anti-BMZ autoantibodies on immunofluorescence. We describe four such @entity1 and attempt to define this group of @entity1 by studying their clinical, histopathologic, immunopathologic, immunoultrastructural, and immunochemical characteristics. RESULTS: Clinically, all four @entity1 had a generalized pruritic blistering @entity272 consistent with linear IgA @entity272 . Histopathologically, all four cases demonstrated @entity4530 formation with a predominantly neutrophilic dermal infiltrate. Immunopathologically, tissue-bound IgA (in four of four patients) and IgG (in three of four patients) antibodies were detected at the BMZ. Circulating IgA (in four of four patients) and IgG (in four of four @entity1 ) labeled the epidermal BMZ of normal @entity1 skin fractured at the lamina lucida and did not label the dermal BMZ. By immunoblot analyses, IgA (in three of three patients) and IgG (in one of three patients) circulating antibodies labeled the 97-kd linear IgA @entity272 antigen. By direct immunoelectron microscopy, IgA and IgG antibodies were localized (in two of two @entity1 ) exclusively within the upper lamina lucida of the BMZ. CONCLUSIONS: Four cases of an immune-mediated blistering @entity272 typical for linear IgA @entity272 demonstrated both IgA and IgG anti-BMZ autoantibodies against the linear IgA @entity272 antigen within the upper lamina lucida. We conclude that linear IgA @entity272 should include a subgroup of @entity1 with both IgA and IgG anti-BMZ autoantibodies.

title: Linear IgA bullous dermatosis. Characterization of a subset of XXXX with concurrent IgA and IgG anti-basement membrane autoantibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['pruritic blisters', 'subepidermal blister']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['subepidermal separation']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease', 'bullous dermatosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Early placental development occurs in an environment of relative @entity519 . @entity519 promotes @entity7499 and up-regulates @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression while it down-regulates placenta growth factor ( @entity7500 ) that possess 53% homology with @entity7 . Morphological studies show poor placental vascular development and an increase in the mitotic index of cytotrophoblasts in @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ). We hypothesized that the reported relatively high @entity26 level in the intervillous space in contact with @entity1592 placental villi will limit @entity7499 by changes in @entity7 and @entity7500 expression and function. Western immunoblot analysis demonstrates a diametric expression of @entity7500 and @entity7 proteins throughout pregnancy with @entity7500 levels increasing and @entity7 levels decreasing, consistent with placental oxygenation. In @entity1592 placentae, the ratio of @entity7500 / @entity7501 mRNA was increased by 2.3-fold (p < 0.03) and @entity7500 protein levels were also increased, (p < 0.05) as compared with gestationally-matched normal placentae. @entity7500 mRNA and protein were localized to the trophoblast bilayer and villous mesenchyme of the @entity1 placenta throughout gestation. In vitro studies demonstrated that increasing @entity26 tension ( @entity871 ) up-regulated @entity7500 protein in term placental villous explants, whereas @entity519 culture of a term trophoblast @entity1466 cell line (BeWo) down-regulated @entity7500 mRNA and protein and @entity6758 ( @entity6758 ) autophosphorylation. The addition of @entity7500 -1 to a spontaneously transformed first trimester cytotrophoblast cell line stimulated DNA synthesis while @entity7500 -2 had little effect. @entity7 and @entity7500 exert their biological actions by means of a common receptor @entity6758 . In the first trimester trophoblast cells, @entity7500 -1 increased the association of phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) with @entity6758 immunoprecipitates while both @entity7500 -1 and @entity7500 -2 also potentiated endogenous @entity7 mediated association of phosphorylated extracellular related kinase (ERK) with @entity319 ( @entity319 ). More importantly, the addition of @entity7500 -1 had little effect while @entity7500 -2 inhibited cell growth in cultured endothelial cells derived from @entity1 umbilical vein. @entity842 (NO) is reported to promote @entity7499 and @entity7500 -2 inhibited the basal release of NO from the first trimester trophoblast. The tissue expression and functional studies support the hypothesis of "placental @entity871 " in early-onset @entity1592 because @entity519 down-regulates trophoblast @entity7500 levels, @entity7500 expression is increased in @entity1592 , and @entity7500 -2 inhibits endothelial cell growth. Taken together, these changes provide a cellular explanation for the observed poor @entity7499 in the pathogenesis of @entity1592 and show that the two @entity7500 isoforms may modulate trophoblast and endothelial cell function differently, possibly through potentiation of @entity7 mediated activation of @entity7 -2.

title: @entity519 down-regulates placenta growth factor, whereas fetal growth restriction up-regulates placenta growth factor expression: molecular evidence for "placental @entity871 " in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1592 :: (MESH:D005317,Disease) :: ['intrauterine growth restriction']


abstract: Following a single percutaneous vaccination with optimally irradiated cercariae of @entity380 , C57BL/6 @entity19 mount a T-helper type-1 (Th1) lymphocyte-dominant immune response and are highly resistant to challenge @entity281 . In this study, we show that, besides @entity60 ( @entity60 ), @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) cells draining the site of vaccination produce significant amounts of interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity1618 in culture with parasite antigen. After a challenge @entity281 at the original site of vaccination, these @entity1600 cells did not generate an anamnestic Th1 response. Paradosically, @entity60 production and cell proliferation were profoundly down-regulated, whereas @entity58 production was enhanced and occurred earlier than in challenge control cultures. When challenge was applied to a site remote from vaccination, @entity60 down-regulation was less evident, but the @entity58 response was consistently enhanced. Neutralization of @entity1618 in vitro restored @entity60 production by @entity1600 cells, whilst @entity58 levels were reduced. These data indicate that down-regulation of @entity60 is controlled by @entity1618 and/or @entity58 . @entity19 showing down-regulated Th1 responses in the @entity1600 after @entity383 challenge @entity281 did not have a reduced ability to eliminate challenge parasites, indicating that the post-vaccination Th1 response had already armed the lungs with effector T cells before administration of challenge parasites. The observed phenomena of down-regulated Th1 and enhanced @entity61 responses may be of relevance to other systems involving @entity281 or vaccination/boosting. Repeated applications to percutaneous sites having common lymphatic drainage would be expected to favour @entity61 responses. Alternatively, in order to induce Th1-dominant responses and avoid unwanted @entity58 / @entity1618 induction, the use of remote sites is indicated.

title: T-helper type-1-dominated XXXX responses induced in C57BL/6 @entity19 by optimally irradiated cercariae of @entity380 are down-regulated after challenge @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Brachial plexus perineural catheters provide specific @entity1337 for upper extremity surgery. Although single-injection ultrasound-guided supraclavicular blocks have been described, little is known about the efficacy of perineural catheters inserted using this approach. We present our experience with ultrasound-guided supraclavicular perineural catheters for distal upper extremity surgery. METHODS: In this case series, 10 @entity1 who underwent upper extremity surgery for orthopedic @entity130 at a tertiary care university hospital received a supraclavicular brachial plexus perineural catheter for @entity282 management. In all @entity1 , a nonstimulating catheter was inserted using an ultrasound-guided technique with the catheter tip remaining under direct vision until placement needle withdrawal. Postoperatively, a perineural @entity1342 , 0.2%, infusion was administered at a basal rate of 6 mL/h with a @entity1 -controlled bolus of 4 mL and a lockout interval of 30 minutes. RESULTS: Of the 10 @entity1 , all had successful perineural catheter placement. @entity1 required a median (range) of 0 (0-100)  g of @entity3575 for catheter insertion @entity1337 . There were no vascular punctures or other direct procedure-related complications. Catheters were maintained for a median (range) of 4 (2-5) days in both hospitalized and ambulatory @entity1 . Median (range) @entity158 scores on postoperative days 1 and 2 were 5 (0-7) and 4 (3-6), respectively, on a numeric rating scale. Three @entity1 ' catheters were removed by @entity1 request or dislodged on postoperative day 1. CONCLUSIONS: Supraclavicular brachial plexus perineural catheter insertion using ultrasound guidance is feasible and deserves further study with a randomized controlled trial comparing this relatively new technique with more established approaches.

title: Preliminary experience with a novel ultrasound-guided supraclavicular perineural catheter insertion technique for perioperative XXXX of the upper extremity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']