abstract: @entity24168 is a 16-kDa protein synthesized by adipose tissue and is involved in regulation of feed intake, energy balance, fertility, and immune functions. Since evidence of a genetic correlation between start of luteal activity and energy balance, milk yield, and live weights is present, we investigated the association of genetic differences in the @entity291 @entity24168 gene with these traits. Between 1990 and 1997, a total of 613 Holstein-Friesian heifers of two genetic groups with known pedigree were followed from parturition until d 105 of lactation. During the first 15 wk of lactation live weight, feed intake, and milk yield were measured for 565 @entity291 . The start of luteal activity was set at the first day with a @entity1420 concentration higher than 3 ng/ml. In addition to the interval between calving and start of luteal activity, analyses were performed for average milk yield, percentage fat, protein, and @entity1132 in milk, dry matter intake, feed intake, energy balance, and live weight over the first 15 wk of lactation. All 613 @entity291 were genotyped for two restricted fragment length polymorphisms and for the BM1500 microsatellite, all located at the @entity24168 gene locus. Significances of the genotype effects were estimated using the approximated F-statistic provided by ASREML. Fixed effects were year-season, genetic group, and a quadratic polynomial for age at calving. Animal was fitted as a random effect including the additive relationship between animals to account for background genes. Firstly, each genotype effect was fitted in turn, and secondly the other restriction fragment length polymorphisms were fitted as a cofactor to take into account effects of linkage disequilibrium. Thirdly, sire x genotype interaction was investigated. Heifers with the RFLP1-AB genotype produce 1.32 kg/d more milk and consume 0.73 kg/d more food compared with the RFLP1-AA genotype. No effects were found for start of luteal activity. When linkage disequilibrium with the other markers was taken into account and DMI was included as fixed effect in the model a 0.96 kg/d higher milk yield was still found. Assuming that no pleiotropic effects on traits such as immunity and milk production in later lactations exist, future breeding programs favoring the RFLP1 B-allele can yield a higher milk production without negatively affecting energy balance and fertility. The prospects are good because in this study the frequency of the RFLP1 AB- and BB-genotypes were only 18.5 and 0.2%, respectively.

title: Associations between XXXX gene polymorphisms and production, live weight, energy balance, feed intake, and fertility in Holstein heifers.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity24168 :: (280836(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of @entity1 younger than 16 years with @entity311 in East London. METHODS: Retrospective case review of all @entity1 admitted to two East London hospitals with @entity311 identified between 1996 and 2001 with the use of notifications and hospital discharge data. RESULTS: A total of 211 @entity1 with a median age of 9 years (range, 11 to 179 months) were identified. @entity1 living in the UK who acquired @entity311 while visiting a @entity311 -endemic country on holiday accounted for 82% of cases, whereas the rest were @entity1 visiting the UK from endemic areas. Three-fourths of @entity1 who had traveled to a @entity311 -endemic area were born in the UK, and 93% were of Black African ethnicity. The peak seasonal incidence was late summer/early autumn. @entity3964 acquired in Africa accounted for 91% of cases. Although 42% of children took antimalarial prophylaxis, only 15% of medications were taken according to recommended guidelines. Another family member, most often a sibling, was found to have concurrent @entity311 in 23% (49 of 211) of cases. On the basis of the WHO criteria, 15 @entity1 (7.1%) 15 months to 15 years of age had severe @entity311 , including @entity410 (n = 4), @entity810 (n = 3), @entity1087 (n = 4), severe @entity417 (n = 3) and >2% @entity5895 (n = 6). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 with @entity311 in this study were UK-born, school age, of Black African ethnicity and were visiting family in Africa, often with other family members. Most @entity1 had low level @entity5895 and uncomplicated @entity311 , and they responded rapidly to antimalarial treatment.

title: Childhood XXXX in East London.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: @entity957 is a common @entity5 . The present study reports the case of @entity957 with osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) in an 84-year-old female who had suffered from irregular @entity3556 for one month. Colposcopy was performed and a cauliflower-like mass was identified in the front lip of the uterine cervix. Biopsy was then performed, and the @entity5 was found to be composed of epithelial cell nests, ranging in size. The neoplastic cells exhibited unclear boundaries and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Additionally, the nuclei were atypical and mitosis was observed. Among the epithelial nests, there were numerous OGCs with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, as well as multinucleation with bland nuclei. By immunohistochemical staining, the epithelial cells were positive for cytokeratin, while negative for @entity469 and @entity2277 . By contrast, the immunophenotype of the OGCs was the exact opposite. Based on the histological characters, a diagnosis of @entity957 associated with OGCs was made. Considering the age of the @entity1 , radiotherapy was administered. The @entity1 succumbed to brain metastasis of the @entity5 after eight months of follow-up.

title: XXXX of the uterine cervix associated with osteoclast-like giant cells: A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix', 'Squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity6447 exhibit changes in physical coordination and speech and voice production. Previously, these alterations of speech and voice production were described primarily via perceptual coordinates. In this study, the spatial-temporal properties of syllable production were examined in 12 speakers, six of whom were healthy speakers and six with @entity2055 . The speaking task was designed to elicit six different prosodic conditions and four contrastive prosodic events. Distinct prosodic patterns were elicited by the examiner for cerebellar @entity1 and healthy speakers. These utterances were digitally recorded and analysed acoustically and statistically. The healthy speakers showed statistically significant differences among all four prosodic contrasts. The normal model described by the prosodic contrasts provided a sensitive index of cerebellar pathology with quantitative acoustic analyses. A significant interaction between subject groups and prosodic conditions revealed a compromised prosody in cerebellar @entity1 . Significant differences were found for durational parameters, F0 and formant frequencies. The cerebellar speakers demonstrated different patterns of syllable lengthening and syllable reduction from that of the healthy speakers.

title: Speech prosody in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Persons']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

answer: @entity6447 :: (MESH:D002524,Disease) :: ['cerebellar ataxia']


abstract: An increased peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR) at baseline is well known to be associated with decreased @entity1 and technique survival in @entity1 undergoing @entity298 ( @entity298 ). Recently, angiogenesis has been recognized to be associated with PSTR and peritoneal deterioration. To investigate genetic variations in genes related to angiogenesis, 30 incident @entity298 @entity1 were studied. Several single @entity377 polymorphisms of the @entity7 ( @entity7 ), the @entity9554 (eNOS) and the @entity4283 ( @entity4283 ) were analyzed by the pyrosequencing method. The dialysate-to-plasma ratio of @entity1011 (D/P Cr) obtained from a peritoneal equilibrium test (PET) during the first 12 months after initiation of @entity298 was used for a marker of PSTR. The D/P Cr was assessed both as a continuous and as a categorical variable including high (H), high-average (HA), low-average (LA), and low (L). Baseline D/P Cr was 0.645 +/- 0.083. The @entity4283 -374 TA genotype had a significantly lower prevalence of the H/HA transporters than the TT genotype (20% vs 63%; P = 0.03). Genetic polymorphisms of the @entity7 and eNOS were not associated with initial peritoneal transport type. The @entity4283 polymorphism may have a considerable effect on the basal PSTR. Further studies will be needed to confirm this hypothesis.

title: Relationship between the -374T/A receptor of advanced glycation end products gene polymorphism and peritoneal solute transport status at the initiation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9554 :: ('4846', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial nitric oxide synthase']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4283 :: ('177', 'Gene') :: ['receptor for advanced glycation end product', 'RAGE']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the liposome-encapsulated @entity632 (TLC D-99) plus @entity786 (CTX) as first-line treatment of metastatic @entity0 in light of the potential cardioprotective effect of TLC D-99 as compared with conventional @entity632 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 as defined according Simon's two-stage phase II design were enrolled. They received TLC D-99 at the dosage of 60 mg/m2 plus @entity3525 600 mg/m2, with cycles repeated every 3 weeks. Cardiac function was assessed by ultrasonography at baseline and every two cycles. RESULTS: The principal characteristics of the 67 enrolled @entity1 were as follows: median age 60 years (range 33-75), median World Health Organization performance status of 1 (range 0-2) and dominant disease site (viscera/bone/soft tissue): 47/15/15 There were nine complete responses and 32 partial responses for an overall response rate of 64%; a further 14 @entity1 had stable disease and the remaining nine @entity1 progressed. Median number of administered cycles was six. Median duration of response was 10 and 9 months, respectively, for complete responders and partial responders. Median duration of survival was 17+ months (range 3 to 33+). @entity1503 consisted in @entity1210 ( @entity44260 ) in 21 @entity1 and @entity417 ( @entity44260 ) in 20 @entity1 ; G1 @entity882 was observed only in 2 @entity1 . Non-hematological @entity137 was generally mild with @entity44260 @entity390 / @entity391 in 23 @entity1 and @entity44260 @entity33 in 10. Hair loss was registered in 30 @entity1 and it was G2 in 14 @entity1 . As to concern @entity1370 , one @entity1 developed an asymptomatic 20% decline of left ventricular ejection fraction from the baseline value. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that the combination of TLC D-99 plus CTX is active and well tolerated, with no unexpected @entity137 .

title: Liposomal-encapsulated @entity632 plus @entity786 as first-line therapy in metastatic XXXX : a phase II multicentric study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Eighty-two @entity1 were hospitalized following an accidental exposure to @entity3878 . All @entity1 presented with dyspnoea and cough. The other symptoms included irritation of throat (53.6%), irritation of eyes (42.3%), @entity10 (29.2%), @entity490 (26.8%), @entity391 (24.3%) and giddiness (9.7%). All of them had @entity5143 and 5 (6%) had @entity848 at the onset. An x-ray of the chest revealed patchy infiltrates in 3 (3.85%) and hilar congestion in 2 (2.44%). Pulmonary function tests showed an obstructive pattern in 27.4%, restrictive in 3.25% and mixed in 53.2%. Pulmonary functions were normal in 16.1% of the @entity1 . Bronchoscopy revealed @entity33 in all cases, @entity548 in 35.7%, @entity2681 and @entity1066 in 12.5%. All @entity1 were treated with @entity26 , @entity3416 , @entity701 and antibiotics. Haematemesis (n = 1) and @entity4 (n = 2) developed 12 hours after the admission. Two other @entity1 developed @entity55 48 hours later. All @entity1 recovered satisfactorily. On follow-up 16 @entity1 had no sequelae after one year. Pulmonary functions were normal in 5 @entity1 after 3 years of follow-up.

title: Acute accidental exposure to XXXX fumes--a study of 82 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic spots']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial mucosal congestion']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity3878 :: (MESH:D002713,Chemical) :: ['chlorine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 kallikrein 4 (gene, @entity18504 ; protein, @entity14959 ), a recently discovered member of the kallikrein gene family, shares many characteristics with @entity1486 , the best available marker for @entity263 . Because the protein has not been detected in any @entity1 tissue, we attempted to develop immunologic methods for @entity14959 analysis and use them to detect @entity14959 in healthy and cancerous tissue extracts and biological fluids. METHODS: We extracted total RNA from 20 pairs of matched (healthy- @entity5 ) prostate tissue samples. @entity18504 cDNA was amplified by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and cloned in a pPICZalphaA expression vector. We then transformed the construct product into @entity10056 @entity375 strains and induced secreted recombinant protein production by addition of @entity1042 . We purified the recombinant protein by @entity3406 ion-affinity chromatography and used it as an immunogen in @entity95 and @entity19 to generate polyclonal anti- @entity14959 antibodies. These antibodies were used to develop a sandwich-type immunoassay suitable for @entity14959 quantification in biological fluids and tissue extracts. RESULTS: The immunoassay had a detection limit of 0.1 microg/L. We detected @entity14959 in 10 of 21 matched (healthy- @entity5 ) prostate tissues, and @entity14959 was frequently higher in healthy tissues. In one matched-sample pair, the @entity14959 content was relatively high in both the healthy [4.62 microg/g of total protein (TP)] and the cancerous (1.22 microg/g of TP) prostate tissue. Among tissue extracts, we found the highest concentrations of @entity14959 in healthy (0.0-4.62 microg/g of TP) and cancerous (0.0-1.72 microg/g of TP) prostatic extracts and in placental extracts (0.0-0.05 microg/g of TP). We also detected traces of @entity14959 protein immunoreactivity in amniotic fluid (<0.1-0.6 microg/L), @entity1 breast milk (<0.1-0.75 microg/L), and seminal plasma (0.2-0.9 microg/L). Immunohistochemical studies showed cytoplasmic staining for @entity14959 protein in both malignant and benign epithelial cells of the prostate. However, we did not detect @entity14959 in cerebrospinal fluid, healthy and cancerous ovarian tissue extracts, and many other @entity1 tissue extracts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14959 protein is present in some prostatic tissue extracts but at relatively low concentrations, although @entity18504 mRNA is readily detectable by RT-PCR. We propose that the protein either is not synthesized efficiently or is degraded very quickly.

title: Detection of XXXX kallikrein 4 in healthy and cancerous prostatic tissues by immunofluorometry and immunohistochemistry.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1205 plus @entity136 or @entity1205 plus @entity900 for advanced @entity3123 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with measurable disease and WHO performance status less than 2 were randomly assigned to receive 21-day cycles of @entity136 800 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 plus @entity1205 85 mg/m2 on day 8 (arm A) or @entity1205 75 mg/m2 on day 1 plus @entity900 75 mg/m2 on day 1 (arm B). Primary end points were @entity5 response and rate of @entity1398 grade. RESULTS: Of 96 randomly assigned @entity1 (49 @entity1 in arm A and 47 @entity1 in arm B), 70 @entity1 were analyzed for response (36 in arm A and 34 in arm B) and 89 @entity1 were analyzed for safety (45 in arm A and 44 in arm B). Confirmed responses were observed in 19.4% (95% CI, 8.2% to 36.0%) of @entity1 in arm A and 23.5% (95% CI, 10.7% to 41.2%) in arm B. In arm A, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.9 months (95% CI, 3.0 to 4.7 months), median survival was 7.4 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 11.0 months), and 1-year survival was 30%. In arm B, the median PFS was 2.8 months (95% CI, 2.6 to 4.6 months), median survival was 7.1 months (95% CI, 4.8 to 8.7 months), and 1-year survival was 16%. @entity1398 occurred in 9% and 16% of @entity1 in arms A and B, respectively. CONCLUSION: Both regimens are well tolerated and show activity in advanced @entity3123 . The safety profile and survival analyses favor @entity1205 plus @entity136 for further evaluation.

title: @entity1205 plus @entity136 or XXXX plus @entity900 in advanced @entity3123 : randomized phase II study 40984 of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Gastrointestinal Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Febrile neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if @entity1311 added to @entity1260 as first-line treatment for advanced @entity6962 ( @entity6962 ) improves @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression-free survival (PFS), response, and @entity137 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had measurable stage III or IV, persistent, or recurrent uterine @entity6962 . Random assignment to treatment was between @entity1260 2.0 g/m2 intravenously (IV) daily for 3 days ( @entity487 ) or @entity1260 1.6 g/m2 IV daily for 3 days plus @entity1311 135 mg/m2 by 3-hour infusion day 1 ( @entity489 ). Mesna was administered similarly (both arms); filgrastim began on day 4 ( @entity489 ). Cycles were repeated every 21 days up to eight cycles. RESULTS: Of 214 @entity1 enrolled, 179 were eligible ( @entity487 , 91 @entity1 ; @entity489 , 88 @entity1 ). @entity489 @entity1 experienced more frequent and severe @entity16 (grade 1 to 4; 8% v 30%). The crude response rate was 29% ( @entity487 ) and 45% ( @entity489 ). The odds of response stratified by performance status were 2.21 greater in @entity489 (P = .017). Median PFS and @entity1349 , respectively, for @entity487 compared with @entity489 were 3.6 v 5.8 months and 8.4 v 13.5 months, respectively. There was a 31% decrease in the hazard of @entity204 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.97; P = .03) and a 29% decrease in the hazard of progression (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.97; P = .03) relative to @entity487 when stratifying by performance status. CONCLUSION: @entity1349 was significantly improved in @entity489 , and @entity137 were as expected and manageable. However, the need for active new agents persists, given that @entity1349 remains relatively poor in this disease.

title: Phase III trial of @entity1260 with or without @entity1311 in advanced XXXX : a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'uterine carcinosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity6962 :: (MESH:D002296,Disease) :: ['uterine carcinosarcoma']


abstract: This paper reflects on our experience of designing, running and evaluating participatory qualitative research methods to better understand @entity158 communication. It emerges from Communicating @entity1118 : Interdisciplinary methods for non-verbal data, a research project funded by the National Centre for Research Methods, which aimed to bridge the gap between experiencing and communicating about @entity158 . Focusing on non-verbal forms of communication instead of personal illness narratives, this project explored @entity158 communication in non-clinical contexts, analysing non-verbal forms of @entity158 expression across multiple social media platforms and by using arts methods as experimental and participatory methodologies to explore @entity158 communication. Involving a mixed group of @entity1 living with different forms of @entity1118 , clinicians and @entity158 researchers, we set up a series of four workshops which were designed as a context in which @entity1 could collectively explore dimensions of @entity158 communication beyond individual @entity158 narratives. Each of these workshops was collaboratively led by two arts practitioners and attended by our team of three researchers as full @entity1 . Workshops were structured around a process of making or working with objects (drawings, photographs, soundscapes and spaces). We analysed both the content of @entity1 ' communication about @entity158 , and the processes enabling that communication. Regarding content, the methods yielded evocative and relational versions of @entity158 that encompassed @entity2701 (such as immediate/chronic; owned/disowned; internal/external), rather than repeating traditional linguistic distinctions. Regarding process, we argue that the combination of practical arts methods and inclusive, anti-hierarchical social relations fostered a context which allowed for ambiguity and multiple meanings, in ways that are not traditionally enabled in the context of clinical communication. IN THIS PAPER WE ASK: Did this type of experimental/participatory workshops succeed at reframing @entity158 in ways that could improve clinical communication? What practices worked best in terms of @entity1 engagement? Could this format be taken forward as a form of collaborative, open-ended, participatory research practice?

title: 010 op: making XXXX matter-how can qualitative research shape the conversation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain', 'Chronic Pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We isolated and characterized embryonic lethal mutations in piragua ( @entity62052 ). The @entity62052 locus encodes a protein with an @entity1472 terminus @entity219 Finger-Associated-Domain (ZAD) and nine C2H2 @entity219 fingers (ZF). @entity62052 mRNA and protein expression during embryogenesis is dynamic with widespread maternal contribution, and subsequent expression in epithelial precursors. About a quarter of @entity62052 mutant embryos do not develop cuticle, and from those that do a small fraction have @entity35541 . Roughly half of @entity62052 mutants die during embryogenesis. @entity62052 mutants have an extended phenocritical period encompassing embryogenesis and first instar larval stage, since the other half of prgmutants die as first or second instar larvae. During dorsal closure, time-lapse high-resolution imaging shows defects arising out of sluggishness in closure, resolving at times in failures of closure. @entity62052 is expressed in imaginal discs, and is required for imaginal development. @entity62052 was identified in imaginal tissue in a cell super competition screen, together with other genes, like flower. We find that flower mutations are also embryonic lethal with a similar phenocritical period and strong embryonic mutant phenotypes (head involution defects, primarily). The two loci interact genetically in the embryo, as they increase embryonic mortality to close to 90% with the same embryonic phenotypes (dorsal closure and head involution defects, plus lack of cuticle). Mutant @entity62052 clones generated in developing dorsal thorax and eye imaginal tissue have strong @entity245 (lack of bristles and ommatidial @entity600 ). @entity62052 is required in several developmental morphogenetic processes.

title: piraguaencodes a XXXX finger protein required for development in Drosophila.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental defects']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity35541 :: ('MESH:C563034', 'Disease') :: ['cuticular defects']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the suitability of age specific limits for @entity167 consumption and to explore the association between @entity167 consumption and mortality in different age groups. DESIGN: Population based data from Health Survey for England 1998-2008, linked to national mortality registration data and pooled for analysis using proportional hazards regression. Analyses were stratified by sex and age group (50-64 and >= 65 years). SETTING: Up to 10 waves of the Health Survey for England, which samples the non-institutionalised general population resident in England. @entity1 : The derivation of two analytical samples was based on the availability of comparable @entity167 consumption data, covariate data, and linked mortality data among adults aged 50 years or more. Two samples were used, each utilising a different variable for @entity167 usage: self reported average weekly consumption over the past year and self reported consumption on the heaviest day in the past week. In fully adjusted analyses, the former sample comprised Health Survey for England years 1998-2002, 18   368 @entity1 , and 4102 deaths over a median follow-up of 9.7 years, whereas the latter comprised Health Survey for England years 1999-2008, 34   523 @entity1 , and 4220 deaths over a median follow-up of 6.5 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All cause mortality, defined as any @entity204 recorded between the date of interview and the end of data linkage on 31 March 2011. RESULTS: In unadjusted models, protective effects were identified across a broad range of @entity167 usage in all age-sex groups. These effects were attenuated across most use categories on adjustment for a range of personal, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors. After the exclusion of former drinkers, these effects were further attenuated. Compared with self reported never drinkers, significant protective associations were limited to younger @entity1 (50-64 years) and older @entity1 (>= 65 years). Among younger @entity1 , the range of protective effects was minimal, with a significant reduction in hazards present only among those who reported consuming 15.1-20.0 units/average week (hazard ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.26 to 0.91) or 0.1-1.5 units on the heaviest day (0.43, 0.21 to 0.87). The range of protective effects was broader but lower among older @entity1 , with significant reductions in hazards present  <=10.0 units/average week and across all levels of heaviest day use. Supplementary analyses found that most protective effects disappeared where calculated in comparison with various definitions of occasional drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: Beneficial associations between low intensity @entity167 consumption and all cause mortality may in part be attributable to inappropriate selection of a referent group and weak adjustment for confounders. Compared with never drinkers, age stratified analyses suggest that beneficial dose-response relations between @entity167 consumption and all cause mortality may be largely specific to @entity1 drinkers aged 65 years or more, with little to no protection present in other age-sex groups. These protective associations may, however, be explained by the effect of selection biases across age-sex strata.

title: All cause mortality and the case for age specific XXXX consumption guidelines: pooled analyses of up to 10 population based cohorts.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Analysing @entity1082 ) viral load is important in determining the risk of developing @entity5 ( @entity5 ); most knowledge to date regarding HPV viral load and @entity75 has been related to @entity1799 . This study evaluated the association between the viral load of the six most prevalent high-risk viral types in Colombia and @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) frequency. METHODS: 114 @entity1 without @entity3146 and 59 @entity1 having @entity3146 confirmed by colposcopy, all of them positive by conventional PCR for @entity1083 in the initial screening, were included in the study. Samples were tested for six high-risk HPV types to determine viral copy number by real-time PCR. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORa) were estimated for evaluating the association between each viral type's DNA load and the risk of @entity75 occurring. RESULTS: The highest viral loads were identified for HPV-33 in @entity3146 @entity1 and for HPV-31 in @entity1 without lesions (9.33 HPV copies, 2.95 interquartile range (IQR); 9.41 HPV copies, 2.58 IQR). Lesions were more frequent in @entity1799 @entity1 having a low viral load (3.53 ORa, 1.16-10.74 95%CI) compared to those having high @entity1799 load (2.62 ORa, 1.08-6.35 95%CI). High viral load in HPV-31 @entity1 was associated with lower @entity3146 frequency (0.34 ORa, 0.15-0.78 95%CI). CONCLUSIONS: An association between HPV DNA load and @entity3146 frequency was seen to be type-specific and may have depended on the duration of @entity281 . This analysis has provided information for understanding the effect of HPV DNA load on @entity75 development.

title: The DNA load of six high-risk XXXX types and its association with @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CC', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions', 'cervical lesion']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: A @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 (stages C and D1) has a poor prognosis with a high risk of developing and dying of distant metastases. Hormonal therapy is the major form of systemic therapy for metastatic (stage D2) @entity263 . The most commonly used forms of hormonal therapy are orchiectomy, @entity4742 , and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, agonists that prevent the stimulation of @entity5 cells by @entity251 . They produce a 60%-80% symptomatic or objective response rate, but their ability to prolong overall survival remains uncertain. Surgical adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy, and pharmacologic adrenal suppression prevent the clinically less significant adrenal @entity342 stimulation of @entity5 cells. Antiandrogens competitively inhibit the interaction between @entity3800 and cytosolic @entity342 receptors. Complete @entity342 blockade (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist and antiandrogen) was initially espoused to be superior to single-agent hormonal therapy, but preliminary results from a multigroup randomized trial suggest that it has only a minimal advantage. The benefit of hormonal therapy in stages C and @entity263 at the time of diagnosis has not been clearly established. Available studies are few, and most often they are uncontrolled or include only small numbers of @entity1 . However, they suggest that the early use of hormonal therapy prolongs disease-free survival but does not prevent ultimate disease progression or prolong overall survival. Hormone receptor assays may be helpful in the selection of @entity1 who would benefit from early hormonal therapy.

title: Hormonal therapy for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['D1 prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exogenous @entity414 (UA) is a neuroprotective antioxidant that reinforces the benefits of intravenous recombinant @entity1456 thrombolysis in animal @entity64 . However, whether serum @entity414 (SUA) also increases the benefits of thrombolysis in Chinese @entity1 with @entity64 ( @entity64 ) has yet to be fully defined. METHODS: A total of 216 consecutive @entity64 @entity1 of Chinese origin treated with intravenous thrombolysis were enrolled in a prospective @entity64 registry. Demographic and clinical characteristics, conventional risk factors, important laboratory data, and neurologic course were prospectively recorded. Functional outcomes were assessed with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score on day 90 by telephone calls. Receiver operating characteristic curves and binary logistic regression models were used to examine the performance of SUA in predicting excellent outcomes (mRS, 0-1). RESULTS: SUA levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with excellent outcomes than those in @entity1 with poor outcomes ( @entity2132  =  .008). SUA had a modest power for predicting excellent outcomes as suggested by area under the curve of .665      .052, P  =  .003. In multivariate models, increased SUA levels (adjusted odds ratio, 1.005; 95% confidence interval, 1.002-1.009; P  =  .033) were associated with excellent outcomes independently of the effect of possible confounders. Spearman correlation tests indicated that there was an inverse correlation between SUA levels and @entity64 severity. CONCLUSIONS: Increased SUA levels are associated with excellent outcomes in Chinese @entity1 with @entity64 treated with intravenous thrombolysis, giving additional support to administration of exogenous UA as an adjuvant to  thrombolysis.

title: Serum @entity414 Is Neuroprotective in Chinese @entity1 with Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated with Intravenous Recombinant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'stroke', 'thromboembolic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['Tissue Plasminogen Activator']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Application of the traditional diagnostic criteria validated for exercise testing may be inappropriate when @entity452 infusion is associated with radionuclide ventriculography (RNV). The objective of this study was to establish appropriate diagnostic criteria for evaluation of @entity452 stress testing with RNV for the detection of early postinfarction @entity63 . METHODS: RNV was performed at baseline and during @entity452 infusion in 10 control subjects and in 30 @entity1 who were studied within 1 week after uncomplicated @entity583 . Several quantitative parameters including left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), regional EF, and absolute change in global and regional EF were tested. In addition, regional wall-motion changes were scored by visual analysis. The limit of normal response for each quantitative parameter was defined as the 95th percentile of the distribution observed in control subjects. On the basis of predischarge clinical evaluation and exercise stress testing, @entity1 were grouped as having evidence of residual @entity63 (group 1, 15 @entity1 ) or no evidence of @entity63 (group 2, 15 @entity1 ). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the detection of postinfarction @entity63 were calculated for each parameter, and empiric receiver-operating characteristic curves were generated. RESULTS: The limits of the normal response to @entity452 infusion in the control subjects were found to be a 7.5% and a 12.5% increase in global EF at low and high dose, respectively. Median baseline EF was significantly lower in @entity1 than in control subjects (Mann-Whitney U test: P < .001). There were no differences in resting EF between group 1 and group 2 @entity1 . However, median high-dose EF and increase in EF were significantly lower in group 1 as compared with group 2 @entity1 (56% vs 72% and 5% vs 17%, respectively; Mann-Whitney U test: P < .0001 for both). A biphasic (up-and-down) response with initial increase at low dose followed by decrease or no change in EF at high dose was observed in 66% of group 1 @entity1 and only in 13% of group 2 subjects. The best criterion for detection of postinfarction @entity63 was a change of <12.5% in global EF at high-dose @entity452 infusion, with 80% predictive accuracy. The traditional criterion, a change of <5 % or a decrease in EF, yielded an accuracy of only 63%. The association of a change of <12.5% with a biphasic response increased accuracy to 87%, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 80%. Quantitative regional wall motion analysis showed greater diagnostic accuracy than @entity227 scoring (83% vs 70%). CONCLUSIONS: Application of appropriate criteria and stepwise quantitative analysis of RNV during @entity452 infusion may increase accuracy in the detection of early postinfarction @entity63 .

title: Diagnostic criteria for detection of postinfarction @entity63 by quantitative analysis of stepwise XXXX radionuclide ventriculography.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual wall motion']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditional extensive soft-tissue release for the treatment of @entity19312 is associated with a @entity532 . A minimally invasive approach has recently been introduced with good short-term results in @entity1 with isolated @entity19312 . The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach for the treatment of rigid @entity74 . METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity1 (twenty-five feet) with non-isolated @entity19312 were retrospectively reviewed at a minimum of two years following treatment with serial casting followed by limited surgery. The surgery consisted of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy in all feet and either pin fixation of the talonavicular joint through a small medial incision to ensure joint reduction and accurate pin placement (five feet) or selective capsulotomies of the talonavicular joint and the anterior aspect of the subtalar joint (twenty feet). @entity1 were evaluated clinically and radiographically at the time of presentation, immediately postoperatively, and at the time of the latest follow-up. Radiographic data at the time of the latest follow-up were compared with age-matched normative values. RESULTS: Initial correction was obtained in all cases. The mean number of casts required was five. Mean ankle dorsiflexion was 22   and mean plantar flexion was 25   at the time of the latest follow-up. Recurrence was noted in three @entity1 (five feet), all of whom had had initial subluxation of the calcaneocuboid joint. All radiographic parameters measured at the time of the latest follow-up had improved significantly (p < 0.0001) compared with the values before treatment, and the mean values of the measured angles did not differ significantly from age-matched normal values. CONCLUSIONS: Serial manipulation and casting followed by limited surgery, consisting of percutaneous @entity924 and a small medial incision to either palpate the talonavicular joint or perform capsulotomies of the talonavicular joint and the anterior aspect of the subtalar joint to ensure accurate reduction and pin fixation, result in excellent short-term correction of the @entity85 while preserving subtalar and ankle motion in @entity1 with @entity74 .

title: Minimally invasive approach for the treatment of non-isolated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tenotomy of the Achilles tendon']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['myriad of complications']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['vertical talus associated with neuromuscular and/or genetic syndromes', 'rigid congenital vertical talus associated with neuromuscular and/or genetic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity19312 :: ('MESH:C536345', 'Disease') :: ['vertical talus', 'congenital vertical talus']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity19312 :: (MESH:C536345,Disease) :: ['congenital vertical talus']


abstract: Osteoarticular changes may occur in up to 23% of the cases with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and even more frequent with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Most of the bone and joint @entity158 are due to @entity5 , radiologically obvious as metaphyseal clear stripes, parietal enlargement, periosteal reaction, osteolysis and @entity170 in the long bone. In @entity706 ( @entity706 ) the bone involvement is rarer, usually bone @entity3 identifiable with Tc scintigraphy being the cause. In @entity521 ( @entity521 ) cases, bone @entity3 are commonly associated with @entity5 beyond one year of age. Of the total @entity981 , @entity3052 , @entity706 and @entity521 cases treated in our Oncology Dept, we selected 43 @entity1 with @entity3084 . The sex ratio was 24 @entity1 to 19 @entity1 and the specific malignancy was @entity981 in 25 cases, @entity3052 in 5 cases, @entity706 in 2 cases and @entity521 in 10 cases. The following biological parameters were monitored: type of onset, the localization and nature of the bone affectation, differential diagnosis, and the response to therapy. The presence of the @entity3084 has proved to be of no prognostic significance. The spectrum of clinical manifestations varied from mild @entity158 to severe disability, in 7% of the cases being the unique symptoms. The type of lesion did not rise important differential diagnosis issues, excepting the cases with unique osteolytic lesion or @entity170 , where the rest of the data and the elevated urine @entity17081 helped to establishing the diagnosis. We conclude that the @entity3084 encountered in different @entity5 in @entity1 is a major sources of diagnostic problems, but it is not associated with a significant outcome.

title: [Osteoarticular changes in childhood leukemia, XXXX and @entity521 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant Lymphomas', 'ML']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal tumor', 'neoplastic infiltration', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3084 :: ('MESH:D014394', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarticular involvement']

entities_list: @entity17081 :: ('MESH:D014642', 'Chemical') :: ['vanilmandelic acid']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['Nbl', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary rehabilitation remains largely underused. Self-monitored, home-based rehabilitation is a promising approach to improving the availability of pulmonary rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To report the rationale and methods of a trial comparing the effectiveness of self-monitored, home-based rehabilitation with hospital-based, outpatient rehabilitation in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). STUDY DESIGN: A parallel-group, randomized, noninferiority, multicentre trial will be performed with 240 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1030 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 will be randomly assigned to conventional, supervised, hospital-based outpatient rehabilitation or self-monitored, home-based rehabilitation. Both interventions will include a standardized, comprehensive self-management program, in addition to the hospital-based outpatient or home-based exercise program. After the three-month intervention, @entity1 in both groups will be encouraged to continue exercising at home. @entity1 will be assessed monthly with telephone interviews and in @entity1 at enrollment, three months and 12 months. OUTCOMES: The @entity1353 domain of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) at 12 months is the primary outcome variable. Secondary outcome variables include total and domain-specific CRQ scores; exercise tolerance and activity of daily living; health service use over the one-year study period; and direct and indirect costs of @entity1030 treatment. ANALYSIS: An intent-to-treat approach will be used as the primary analysis. The primary analysis will focus on the change in the CRQ @entity1353 score using a two-sided t distribution based on 95% CIs. The same approach will be used for secondary continuous outcome variables. CONCLUSION: The present trial will address two unresolved issues in pulmonary rehabilitation for @entity1 with @entity1030 : the short-term and long-term effectiveness of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation strategies. The authors will also determine if home-based pulmonary rehabilitation can reduce health service use (eg, @entity341 ) and if it can be done at a lower cost than the traditional hospital-based outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation.

title: A Canadian, multicentre, randomized clinical trial of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in XXXX : rationale and methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['hospitalizations and emergency visits']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: A-type @entity972 current (I(A)) both activates and inactivates at subthreshold voltages. We asked whether there is steady-state I(A) at subthreshold voltages, using dissociated @entity19 tuberomammillary nucleus neurons, pacemaking neurons with large I(A) currents in which subthreshold I(A) might regulate firing frequency. With slow depolarizing voltage ramps (20 mV/s), there was no discernible component of steady-state outward current in the range of -70 to -40 mV. However, faster ramps of 50-100 mV/s, similar to the rate of spontaneous depolarization during pacemaking, did evoke subthreshold outward currents. Ramp-evoked current at subthreshold voltages was unaffected by 10 mM @entity5128 and likely represents I(A), because its voltage dependence overlaps that of I(A) activation (midpoint near -44 mV) and inactivation (midpoint near -85 mV). However, although @entity973 ( @entity974 ) inhibited peak I(A) activated by step depolarizations as expected (IC50, approximately 1 mM), ramp-evoked current was instead dramatically enhanced (current at -40 mV evoked by 50 mV/s ramp enhanced >15-fold by 10 mM 4-AP). In cell-attached recordings of spontaneous pacemaking, 10 mM 4-AP slowed rather than speeded firing, consistent with enhancement of subthreshold I(A). Also consistent with such enhancement, 4-AP also greatly increased the latency to first spike after long hyperpolarizations. The striking enhancement of I(A) during depolarizing ramps can be explained by a model in which 4-AP binds tightly to closed channels but must unbind before channels can inactivate. Thus, the state dependence of 4-AP binding to the channels underlying I(A) can result in effects on firing patterns opposite to those expected from simple block of I(A).

title: State-dependent enhancement of subthreshold A-type @entity972 current by XXXX in tuberomammillary nucleus neurons.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

answer: @entity973 :: (MESH:D015761,Chemical) :: ['4-aminopyridine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity348 ( @entity348 ) is reported to reduce local recurrence and improve survival rates in @entity1 with @entity188 . STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred forty-six consecutive @entity1 with Dukes' B (T3, N0, M0) and C (T(any), N1-2, M0) primary @entity189 underwent operation according to the principle of @entity348 . Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival and pelvic recurrence rates were calculated from a database of @entity1 followed prospectively. RESULTS: The operative mortality rate was 0.8 percent (two of 246). The Kaplan-Meier five-year survival rate for @entity1 with stages B and C was 74.2 percent; for @entity1 with stage T3, N0, M0, 86.7 percent; for @entity1 with stage T(any), N1-2, M0, 64.0 percent; and for @entity1 with substage T3, N1-2, M0, 68.0 percent. Pelvic recurrences were observed in a total of 18 @entity1 (7.3 percent) with or without @entity3 . In the 246 @entity1 with Dukes' stages B and C, pelvic recurrence rates were 4.0 and 8.1 percent, respectively, in the presence or absence of distant @entity3 , and 3.0 and 5.8 percent, respectively, in the absence of distant spread. Statistically significant risk factors for pelvic recurrence were @entity66 and @entity3 . Adjuvant radiation therapy was of no statistical benefit in preventing local recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: @entity348 cures @entity188 and provides excellent local control through resection of the entire unit of regional spread that is excised, intact and with negative circumferential margins. @entity348 is compatible with autonomic nerve preservation and with sphincter preservation. The current role of combined modality adjuvant therapy, which is standard therapy following conventional surgery, should be reconsidered in @entity1 who have undergone resection in accordance with @entity348 .

title: XXXX in the operative treatment of @entity188 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['N2 disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'Total mesorectal excision']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'perineural invasion']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['Total mesorectal excision']


abstract: @entity560 analogs provide survival benefit for chronic @entity8 @entity1 with @entity65 . Activation of smooth muscle cells plays a role in @entity65 . It is not known how @entity560 analogs modulate gene expression in smooth muscle cells. In this study, DNA microarray technology was used to assess the gene expression profile in @entity1 coronary artery smooth muscle cells treated with 0.1microM @entity3873 ( @entity3873 ) or @entity21453 (an analog of @entity3873 ) for 30 h. The effects of @entity3873 and @entity21453 were similar. A total of 176 target genes were identified with 115 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated genes in the @entity21453 group. Target genes fall into various categories including cell differentiation/proliferation. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that @entity21453 dose- and time-dependently regulated the expression of @entity442 , @entity8587 and @entity1934 , three genes known to modulate cell proliferation. @entity21453 also down-regulated the expression of @entity3876 and @entity3499 . Both drugs inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. This study identified genes not previously known to be regulated by @entity17894 , providing insight into understanding the role of @entity17894 on regulating smooth muscle cell growth, thrombogenicity, fibrinolysis and endothelial regeneration.

title: Effects of @entity560 analogs on gene expression profiling in XXXX coronary artery smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol', '1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['natriuretic peptide precursor B']

entities_list: @entity21453 :: ('MESH:C084656', 'Chemical') :: ['Paricalcitol', 'paricalcitol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Purpose: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an intriguing method of delivery wherein the cytotoxic agent is continuously heated and circulated throughout the peritoneum in an attempt to improve efficacy. Despite the potential of HIPEC in the treatment of @entity43 , there are limited safety, feasibility and survival data involving this procedure, particularly in conjunction with maintenance chemotherapy. @entity1 and methods: We retrospectively evaluated @entity43 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic debulking surgery, attained a complete response to their primary chemotherapy and subsequently received consolidation HIPEC with @entity3003 area under the curve of 10 (AUC of 10) and a planned 12 cycles of @entity1311 (135   mg/m(2)) maintenance chemotherapy. The following demographic and clinical characteristics were abstracted: @entity1 age, body mass index, surgery and pathology data, chemotherapy regimen, intra-operative results, @entity137 , post-operative complications, length of hospital stay and disease-free/overall survival. Results: We identified 37 @entity1 who were the subject of this study. There were no intra-operative complications during the administration of HIPEC; median estimated @entity190 was 50   mL and length of hospital stay was 1.25 days. In the overall study population, six @entity1 developed grade 3/4 @entity417 and 24 @entity1 exhibited grade  <=2 @entity882 and @entity1398 . Ten @entity1 developed grade  <=2 @entity390 on postoperative day 1; there were no hospital readmissions. Median disease-free survival and overall survival was 13 months and 14 months, respectively. Conclusion: The results from this @entity43 treatment evaluation suggest that the combination of consolidation HIPEC and maintenance chemotherapy is feasible and reasonably well tolerated.

title: Consolidation hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy following laparoscopic cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Until recently, @entity384 of the intrahepatic biliary ducts ( @entity13550 ) has been recognized infrequently. This report aimed to analyse and discuss our observations on 21 adult @entity1 with the disease. @entity1 : From 1977 to 1995, 21 @entity1 (eight @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ), aged 17 to 68 years, were diagnosed and treated for @entity13550 at Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital. The mean duration of the disease was 6.5 years. RESULTS: The commonest presenting symptom was @entity490 , a feature in 18 cases. The distribution of the @entity253 was bilobar in 12 @entity1 and monolobar in nine. Two of them were @entity7872 . Twenty-one @entity1 had coexisting @entity66 , associated with @entity13550 . Approximately 95% of our @entity1 had cystolithiasis, @entity2963 or both. Surgical treatment was used in 18 @entity1 , a partial hepatectomy being carried out in seven of them, an internal biliary drainage by choledocystojejunostomy in five cases, and by choledochotomy in four cases. Three cases with @entity13550 were treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction. In the follow-up period, four of our @entity1 died. CONCLUSION: @entity13550 is being diagnosed more frequently as a result of improved diagnostic capabilities. The aim of the treatment is to obtain sufficient biliary drainage and to relieve the symptoms.

title: XXXX : 1977-1995 experiences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity7872 :: ('MESH:C562378', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity13550 :: ('MESH:D016767', 'Disease') :: ["Caroli's disease"]

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary lesions']

answer: @entity13550 :: (MESH:D016767,Disease) :: ['Caroli's disease']


abstract: A new device for reducing the amplitude of breathing motion by pressing a @entity1 's abdomen using an @entity11535 ( @entity11535 ) for external beam radiation treatments has been designed and tested. The blanket has two layers sealed in all four sides similar to an empty pillow made of @entity4774 . The blanket is spread over the @entity1 's abdomen with both ends of the blanket fixed to the sides of the treatment couch or a baseboard. The inner side, or @entity1 side, of the blanket is thinner and expands more than the outer side. When @entity661 and effectively puts an even pressure on the @entity1 's abdomen. Fluoroscopic observation was performed to verify the usefulness of @entity11535 for @entity1 with lung, @entity0 , or @entity5 . Internal organ movement due to breathing was monitored and measured with and without @entity11535 . With the help of @entity11535 , the average range of diaphragm motion was reduced from 2.6 to 0.7 cm in the anterior-to-posterior direction and from 2.7 to 1.3 cm in the superior-to-inferior direction. The motion range in the right-to-left direction was negligible, for it was less than 0.5 cm. These initial testing demonstrated that @entity11535 is useful for reducing @entity1 ' breathing motion in the @entity1514 and abdominal regions comfortably and consistently.

title: Immobilization effect of @entity11535 ( XXXX ) for abdomen fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal cancers']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['AIB', 'air-injected blanket']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['inflated, the blanket balloons']

answer: @entity11535 :: (MESH:D009041,Disease) :: ['AIB']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The analgesic efficacy and side effect profile of intravenous @entity14340 , a novel cyclooxygenase type-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, was assessed in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study involving @entity1 undergoing major gynecologic surgical procedures. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, 60 consenting @entity1 , American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III, undergoing lower abdominal surgery with a standardized general anesthetic technique were randomly assigned to receive one of three study medications: group 1 (control) received normal saline; group 2 received intravenous @entity14340 , 20 mg; and group 3 received intravenous @entity14340 , 40 mg. The initial dose of study medication was administered when the @entity1 first requested @entity158 medication after surgery. All @entity1 had access to @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) with intravenous @entity1286 , 1 or 2 mg, with a 6-min lockout period. Subsequent doses of the same study medication were administered at 12-h and 24-h intervals after the initial dose. The postoperative opioid analgesic requirement (PCA @entity1286 usage), @entity158 scores, @entity158 relief scores, side effects, and need for supplemental medications (e.g., antiemetics, antipruritics, laxatives) were recorded. RESULTS: Compared with saline, intravenous @entity14340 , 20 mg and 40 mg every 12 h, significantly decreased the PCA @entity1286 usage during the first 6 h postoperatively (group 1, 25 +/- 13 mg; group 2, 16 +/- 11 mg; group 3, 17 +/- 10 mg) and at 12 h (group 1, 34 +/- 18 mg; group 2, 24 +/- 14 mg; group 3, 23 +/- 13 mg) and 24 h (group 1, 51 +/- 27 mg; group 2, 34 +/- 20 mg; group 3, 33 +/- 21 mg) after surgery. However, there were no significant differences in the @entity1 ' global evaluation of the study medications at 12 h and 24 h between those who received intravenous @entity14340 (20 or 40 mg) and saline. Moreover, the @entity282 scores and side effect profiles were similar in the three treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Intravenous @entity14340 (20 or 40 mg) was effective in decreasing the PCA opioid requirement after lower abdominal surgical procedures. However, it failed to improve @entity158 management or reduce opioid-related side effects in the early postoperative period.

title: Effect of XXXX , a novel intravenous cyclooxygenase type-2 inhibitor, on the postoperative opioid requirement and quality of @entity158 control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity14340 :: (MESH:C409945,Chemical) :: ['parecoxib']


abstract: AIMS: Transcatheter @entity1416 induces extensive @entity39 or @entity519 via the @entity96 ( @entity157 ). Ischaemia is strongly correlated with an increased expression of angiogenic factor and stimulates an increase in angiogenesis, including endothelial cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether @entity39 induced by @entity1416 could increase the proliferative activities of intratumoral endothelial cells or @entity5 cells in the residual @entity157 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a double immunohistochemical technique (Ki67 antibody to determine the proliferative activity and @entity2280 antibody to highlight the intratumoral endothelial cells), we performed immunohistochemical staining for 24 HCCs treated by @entity1416 . Seven HCCs without any preoperative @entity1416 and nine @entity82 cases were also studied as the control cases. The @entity5 was then divided into five areas at 0.5 mm intervals, according to the distance from the @entity39 margin induced by embolization. The Ki67 labelling indices of the intratumoral endothelial cells and @entity5 cells were counted in each area. The correlation between the indices and the corresponding distance from the @entity39 was analysed. The Ki67 labelling index of intratumoral vascular endothelial cells in the area less than 0.5 mm from the @entity39 margin (area 1) was 10.60 +/- 3.64% (mean +/- SD), which was twofold greater than those of the other areas more than 0.5 mm from the margin (areas 2--5) and those of the control HCCs without preoperative @entity1416 . In addition, the proliferation labelling index of the @entity5 cells was 35.77 +/- 11.45% (mean +/- SD) in area 1. This was higher than those of areas 2--5 and control HCCs without preoperative @entity1416 . There was a positive correlation between the proliferation of both endothelial and @entity5 cells and @entity39 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the proliferative activity of intratumoral endothelial cells and @entity5 cells is increased by @entity39 induced by @entity1416 , and its effect is maximal in the area adjacent to the @entity39 (less than 0.5 mm from the @entity39 margin).

title: Increased proliferation activities of vascular endothelial cells and @entity5 cells in residual XXXX following @entity1416 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction of the hepatic artery in hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'ischaemic necrosis', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['transcatheter arterial embolization', 'arterial embolization']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Limited studies have shown that in intestinal schistosomosis, the enteric nervous tissue becomes inflamed, disrupted and destroyed by @entity738 and peptides, @entity4478 and neurofilaments contents are altered. Therefore, immunoreactivities of vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P were correlated to pathological lesions in the large intestine from @entity1707 infected with @entity2042 . Ganglia situated within or near @entity738 showed @entity4494 , and @entity39 of neurons as well as infiltration by eosinophils, mast cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils and macrophages. The inner submucous and mucous plexuses were the most damaged. In all categories of inflamed areas, the vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactive was reduced in all plexuses whereas, that of substance P was increased both in the enteric nerve plexuses and enterochromaffin cells in lightly, moderately and severely inflamed tissues. However, both peptides were highly diminished or absent in very severe lesions and areas surrounding schistosome eggs and mature worms laying eggs in the submucosal veins. The alterations of the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P were correlated with severity of @entity32 . Our observations show alterations of vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P contents in the local microenvironment in the vasoactive intestinal peptide- and substance P-mediated reflex pathways which regulate intestinal motility, epithelial transport and modulate immunity. These changes could cause alterations in bowel motility, electrolyte and fluid secretion, vascular and immune functions during @entity2043 infections in the @entity1707 . This may, therefore, partly play a role in the pathobiology of migration and egress of schistosome eggs as well as influence trapping of eggs in @entity738 , and account for @entity294 , loss of body weight and @entity177 to thrive, which are recorded in schistosomosis.

title: Vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P-like immunoreactivities in the enteric nervous system of the @entity1707 correlate with the severity of pathological changes induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['ganglionitis']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

answer: @entity2042 :: (6182,Species) :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The balance between microbes and host defence mechanisms at the mucosal frontier plays an important, yet unclarified role in the pathogenesis of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). The importance of microorganisms in @entity29 is supported by the association of @entity29 with mutations in pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as @entity6820 and @entity2939 . We aimed to examine whether polymorphisms in another type of PRRs, the so-called C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), are associated with @entity29 . Growing insights into the pathogenetic role of @entity6820 mutations in @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and the fact that the majority of CLR-encoding genes are located in @entity29 susceptibility loci provide strong arguments for further exploration of the role of CLRs in @entity29 . METHODS: In this study, we selected four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in different CLRs to determine whether there could be a role for these CLRs in @entity29 . Functional SNPs in the genes coding for the candidate CLRs @entity20120 , @entity39128 , @entity57082 and @entity5218 were examined. Genotyping of all SNPs was performed at the Academic Medical Center. In this study, around 1572 samples were included from a maximum of 621 @entity30 @entity1 , 457 @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 and 586 healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No association was found between our @entity29 cohort and the candidate SNPs for @entity20120 ( @entity30 /HC: P=0.25 and @entity31 /HC: P=0.36), @entity57082 ( @entity30 /HC: P=0.22 and @entity31 /HC: P=0.41) and @entity5218 ( @entity30 /HC: P=0.37 and @entity31 /HC: P=0.25). However, one polymorphism in @entity39128 was found to be associated with our @entity30 population (P<0.034). Our @entity31 cohort was not associated with the variation in @entity39128 (P=0.33). @entity39128 is a ligand for the recently discovered @entity21319 . @entity21319 is a new surface marker for @entity1 @entity4155 -producing Th17 cells. The Th17 phenotype has been linked to @entity30 by the fact that @entity13236 , @entity4155 and @entity14283 levels are increased in @entity30 . The signal transduction pathways involving @entity39128 and @entity21319 are not completely clarified and are currently under investigation in our laboratory.

title: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in C-type lectin genes, clustered in the IBD2 and IBD6 susceptibility loci, may play a role in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']


abstract: Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) that initiate @entity5 angiogenesis may acquire distinct properties after conditioning in @entity5 microenvironment as compared to ECs in non-malignant tissues. Thus far, most in vitro studies of angiogenesis used ECs isolated from normal tissues, which may not fully represent the nature of ECs in @entity5 vasculature. In this study, @entity11 -derived microvascular ECs (GDMEC) were purified from @entity1 @entity11 tissues by incubating with magnetic beads coated with anti-CD105 antibody and highly pure (98%) preparations of GDMEC were obtained. These cells exhibited typical EC phenotype, and proliferated rapidly in culture. Interestingly, GDMEC expressed higher levels of VEGF receptors, @entity6758 and @entity319 , as compared to an established @entity1 EC cell line ECV304 and primary @entity1 umbilical vascular EC (HUVEC). Functionally, GDMEC were capable of forming intercellular junctions and @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) of various sizes. Stimulation by VEGF further promoted @entity2383 formation with diverse tubular walls by GDMEC. In contrast, @entity2383 formed by ECV304 and HUVEC showed significantly different features. We further observed that Nordy, a synthetic lipoxygenase inhibitor, potently inhibited @entity2383 formation by GDMEC. The results suggest that isolation of highly pure ECs derived from @entity5 tissues is more appropriate for studies of @entity5 angiogenesis and for test of potential anti- @entity5 therapeutic targets.

title: Increased angiogenic capabilities of endothelial cells from microvessels of malignant @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['TLS', 'tubule-like structures']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: We have previously described two distinct isoforms of @entity11331 dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) with respect to enzymatic activity in the ovine liver and kidney. To determine which isoform(s) is expressed in the ovine placenta, we studied the characteristics of 11 beta-HSD activity in placental tissues collected at days 140-143 of pregnancy. 11 beta-HSD activity was determined by a radiometric conversion assay using @entity701 and @entity821 as physiological substrates. At 100 nM @entity701 , the placental 11 beta-HSD utilized @entity2125 as cofactor, but displayed preference for @entity1110 at 10 microM @entity701 . Kinetic characteristics were examined in the presence of alternate cofactors, in order to determine whether this difference in the cofactor requirement represents distinct enzymes. With @entity2125 as cofactor, the placental 11 beta-dehydrogenase had a Km (110 +/- 18 nM) compatible with the kidney enzyme, but displayed a Km (12 +/- 2 microM) similar/identical to the liver 11 beta-HSD when @entity1110 was used. By contrast, the placental 11-oxoreductase showed preference for @entity1110 regardless of @entity821 concentration. Kinetic analysis, using @entity1110 as cofactor, revealed a single species of 11-oxoreductase activity with a Km of 4 +/- 0.9 microM and a Vmax of 3.1 +/- 0.5 pmol/mg/min. Finally, since the @entity2125 -dependent 11 beta-HSD in the ovine placenta displayed similar/identical kinetic characteristics to the enzyme described previously in the ovine kidney where a truncated 11 beta-HSD transcript was identified, we have also determined whether this transcript is expressed in the placenta by Northern blotting. It was found that the truncated 11 beta-HSD transcript was undetectable in the total RNA samples. These results demonstrate that both liver- and kidney-types of 11 beta-HSD activities are expressed in the ovine placenta, thus providing further evidence for the existence of a @entity2125 -dependent 11 beta-HSD distinct from the well-characterized hepatic @entity1110 -dependent enzyme. Furthermore, the lack of the truncated 11 beta-HSD transcript in the placenta suggests that the @entity2125 -dependent enzyme identified in placenta and kidney is the product of a gene distinct from 11 beta-HSD.

title: Co-expression of two distinct isoforms of XXXX dehydrogenase in the ovine placenta.

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity11331 :: ('CHEBI:35346', 'Chemical') :: ['11 beta-hydroxysteroid']

answer: @entity11331 :: (CHEBI:35346,Chemical) :: ['11 beta-hydroxysteroid']


abstract: @entity61077 (male-specific lethal 2, @entity1 ) is a RING finger protein with ubiquitin ligase activity. Although it has been shown to target @entity61078 at @entity376 34 and p53 at @entity376 351, suggesting roles in transcription regulation and apoptosis, its function in these and other processes remains poorly defined. To further characterize this protein, we have disrupted the @entity61079 gene in @entity1573 @entity1573 cells. @entity61079 (-/-) cells are viable, with minor growth defects. Biochemical analysis of the chromatin in these cells revealed aberrations in the levels of several histone modifications involved in DNA damage response pathways. DNA repair assays show that both @entity61079 (-/-) @entity1573 cells and @entity61077 -depleted @entity1 cells have defects in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. DNA damage assays also demonstrate that both @entity61079 and @entity61077 proteins are modified and stabilized shortly after induction of DNA damage. Moreover, @entity61077 mediates modification, presumably ubiquitylation, of a key DNA repair mediator 53BP1 at @entity376 1690. Similarly, @entity61080 and @entity2991 (males absent on the first) are modified in the presence of @entity61077 shortly after DNA damage. These data identify a novel role for @entity61079 / @entity61077 in the cellular response to DNA damage. The kinetics of its stabilization suggests a function early in the NHEJ repair pathway. Moreover, @entity61079 plays a role in maintaining normal histone modification profiles, which may also contribute to the DNA damage response.

title: XXXX is a novel component of the vertebrate DNA damage response.

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity61079 :: (429119(Tax:9031),Gene) :: ['Msl2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A health technology assessment (HTA) of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) as destination therapy in @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 was commissioned by the Dutch Health Care Insurance Board [College voor Zorgverzekeringen (CVZ)]. In this context, a systematic review of the economic literature was performed to assess the procedure's value for money. METHODS: A systematic search (updated in December 2013) for economic evaluations was performed by consulting various databases: the HTA database produced by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination ( @entity1509 HTA), websites of HTA institutes, @entity1509 's National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), Medline (OVID) and EMBASE. No time or language restrictions were imposed and pre-defined selection criteria were used. The two-step selection procedure was performed by two @entity1 . References of the selected studies were checked for additional relevant citations. RESULTS: Six relevant studies were selected. Four economic evaluations relied on the results of the REMATCH trial to compare a pulsatile-flow LVAD with optimal medical therapy (OMT). These evaluations were performed before the publication of the HeartMate II (HM-II) Destination Therapy Trial which compared a pulsatile-flow with a continuous-flow LVAD. Two more recent economic evaluations combined the results of both trials to make an indirect comparison of a continuous-flow LVAD with OMT. In all studies, the largest part of the incremental cost was due to the reimplantation cost of an LVAD, with a device cost of    58,000-   75,000 and about    55,000 for the surgical procedure. The survival gain was highest with a continuous-flow LVAD, up to about three life-years gained (LYG) versus OMT in the most optimistic study. Quality of life (QoL) was improved but measures with a generic utility instrument were lacking, making estimates on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained more uncertain. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of the two most recent studies were on average    107,600 and  198,184 (ca.   145,800) per QALY gained. CONCLUSIONS: Although LVAD destination therapy improves survival and QoL, it remains questionable as to whether it offers value for money. This conclusion may alter if the price of the device/procedure decreases sufficiently, in combination with further improved outcomes for mortality, adverse events and QoL.

title: The cost-utility of left ventricular assist devices for end-stage @entity712 XXXX ineligible for cardiac transplantation: a systematic review and critical appraisal of economic evaluations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity876 antisense oligonucleotide cenersen has been shown to sensitize @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) stem cells to DNA damaging agents. METHODS: To determine whether cenersen merits testing in larger efficacy studies, an exploratory study of cenersen in combination with @entity8779 either alone or with 1 of 2 doses of @entity2592 was performed in first-salvage @entity3052 @entity1 . @entity1 who either had failed to respond to a single induction course or had responded to induction but relapsed within 12 months were enrolled. Stopping rules based on an expected 14% complete response (CR) rate were applied to each treatment arm. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 were treated, and none of the arms was terminated for lack of activity. Nearly all @entity1 received a single course unless they responded. Ten of the 53 (19%) @entity1 responded (8 CR and 2 CR with incomplete platelet recovery). There was a positive trend for a better response rate with increasing intensity of chemotherapy in the @entity1 refractory to front-line treatment compared with those who had relapsed previously. One-third (17/53) of the @entity1 received cenersen inhibitors ( @entity1443 and/or high dose antioxidants) during treatment, and none of these responded to treatment. No unique @entity137 was attributed to cenersen. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that the combination of cenersen with chemotherapy may have clinical efficacy, and additional studies are warranted to explore its full potential.

title: Phase 2 randomized study of @entity876 antisense oligonucleotide (cenersen) plus @entity8779 with or without @entity2592 in refractory and relapsed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Increased survival in @entity1 with complex @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) has resulted in greater focus on morbidity. This prospective study was conducted to investigate whether or not @entity73 evident acutely persist long-term. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 94 @entity1 with CHD were reassessed at school entry (age 64.2 +/- 11.3 months) by blinded examiners using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale and neurologic examination. RESULTS: @entity16 were noted in 28.4% of the subjects, with @entity2421 and @entity245 most commonly observed. @entity4242 was documented in 15.4% of subjects, with head circumference >50th percentile in only 14.1%. Mean gross and fine motor quotients were shifted downward (82.7 +/- 12.3 and 86.2 +/- 16.3, respectively), and gross and fine motor delays were prevalent (49.4% and 39.0%, respectively). Severe disability was rare (<5%). Predictors of @entity16 included type of surgery (palliative/corrective), abnormal postoperative neurologic examination, and presence of @entity4242 at initial surgery. @entity1957 was more likely if palliated. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time, palliative surgery, @entity4242 , and number of hospitalizations were associated with fine @entity1957 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity16 and @entity1957 are common in survivors of open-heart surgery, persisting to age of school entry. Early indicators of medical complications and acute neurologic compromise are associated with increased risk. Early identification and intervention may optimize performance in those at risk.

title: Long-term neuromotor outcome at school entry of XXXX with @entity4297 requiring open-heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neuromotor impairments']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic impairments', 'neurologic impairment', 'Neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor delay', 'Gross motor delay']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['Microcephaly', 'microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHDs', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Insulin is neuroprotective following transient global @entity2806 ; however, the mechanisms by which insulin exerts its salutary effects remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: We assessed insulin's effect on the @entity21203 - @entity2308 survival system and consequent modulation of the pro-apoptotic proteins @entity61262 , @entity2309 and @entity5215 . METHODS: We utilized @entity35 subjected to 10 minutes of global @entity2806 , with or without insulin administered at the onset of reperfusion. RESULTS: In sham-operated animals, minimal pAkt immunofluorescence was detected in the @entity1249 . Moreover, at 30 minute reperfusion, there was no change in pAkt in @entity1249 neurons. Single bolus high-dose insulin treatment resulted in an early increase in pAkt after 30 minutes, preservation of @entity1249 neurons to 14 days of reperfusion and preservation of spatial learning ability. Insulin treatment increased cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for pAkt in both @entity1249 and cortex. Insulin-induced @entity2308 phosphorylation was suppressed by the @entity21203 inhibitor @entity2307 . Neither reperfusion nor insulin induced any change in the phosphorylation or subcellular localization of @entity5215 , @entity61262 or @entity2309 . A single bolus of high-dose insulin reduced @entity1249 neuronal cell death and thus represents a potential therapeutic intervention for global @entity2806 . DISCUSSION: These results reveal that proximal elements of a known cell-survival pathway are triggered by high-dose insulin during early reperfusion. Insulin induces robust @entity21203 -dependent phosphorylation of @entity2308 by 30 minute reperfusion and results in improvement of hippocampal structure and function. However, the @entity2308 substrates @entity5215 , @entity61262 and @entity2309 do not undergo corresponding changes in phosphorylation or subcellular localization in this model of global @entity2806 . The downstream components of insulin-induced @entity2308 survival signaling after transient global @entity2806 remain to be identified.

title: Insulin activates the XXXX - @entity2308 survival pathway in vulnerable neurons following global @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

answer: @entity21203 :: (298947(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PI3K']


abstract: The application of Cre/loxP technology has resulted in a new generation of conditional @entity19 models of @entity263 . Here, we describe the improvement of the conditional @entity2370 deletion model of @entity263 by combining it with either a conditional luciferase or enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter line. In these models, the recombination mechanism that inactivates the @entity2370 alleles also activates the reporter gene. In the luciferase reporter model, the growth of the primary @entity5 can be followed noninvasively by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Surgical castration of @entity5 -bearing animals leads to a reduced bioluminescence signal corresponding to @entity5 regression that is verified at necropsy. When castrated animals are maintained, the emergence of @entity342 depletion-independent @entity5 is detected using BLI at times varying from 7 to 28 weeks postcastration. The ability to monitor growth, regression, or relapse of the @entity5 with the use of BLI lead to the collection of @entity5 at different stages of development. By comparing the distribution of phenotypically distinct populations of epithelial cells in @entity5 tissues, we noted that the degree of @entity1373 of cells with neuroendocrine differentiation significantly increases in the recurrent @entity5 , a characteristic which may parallel the appearance of a neuroendocrine phenotype in @entity1 @entity342 depletion-independent @entity5 . The enhanced green fluorescent protein model, at necropsy, can provide an opportunity to locate or assess @entity5 volume or to isolate enriched populations of @entity5 cells from @entity5 tissues via fluorescence-based technologies. These refined models should be useful in the elucidation of mechanisms of @entity263 progression, and for the development of approaches to preclinical intervention.

title: XXXX models of @entity263 with the capacity to monitor spontaneous carcinogenesis by bioluminescence or fluorescence.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer relative to the primary cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity2150 (SAA) and @entity11807 ( @entity11807 ) are rare @entity74 characterised by @entity3043 and @entity236 . AIMS: We performed a retrospective study of all @entity1 who underwent BMT for SAA and @entity11807 at St James's Hospital, Dublin, and at OLHSC, Crumlin, between 1985 and 2002. METHODS: The medical records of 63 @entity1 , 50 with acquired SAA and 13 with @entity11807 , were reviewed. RESULTS: The median age at the time of transplant was 14 years (range 3-43 years). The actuarial survival (OS) (n = 63) was 76% at 17 years. The transplant related mortality (TRM) was 22% (n = 14). The most common cause of @entity204 was @entity281 (46%). The survival was significantly better in @entity1 receiving their transplant after 1995 (p = 0.002). Outcome was superior in those receiving less than 20 red cell transfusions prior to transplant: OS 91% (< 20 Units) versus 62% (> or = 20 Units). CONCLUSIONS: These national results are comparable to those of published international series and support the use of BMT in the treatment of SAA and @entity11807 . The known adverse effect of prior transfusion was confirmed.

title: Outcome of bone marrow transplantation in acquired and inherited XXXX in the Republic of Ireland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['Aplastic Anaemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['FA', 'Fanconi Anaemia']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anaemia']


abstract: Three @entity1 with spinal @entity2457 presented with acute and/or progressive @entity602 . The thoracic cord was focally enlarged and poorly defined on MR images in two of the @entity1 . One individual showed focal @entity194 , and one demonstrated abnormal intrathecal vessels. In all @entity1 MR studies revealed @entity602 after IV administration of @entity7241 . The MR findings are believed to represent disruption of the blood-cord barrier associated with @entity2759 and/or @entity1188 , which, in turn, is caused by @entity2979 resulting from the @entity292 . The diagnosis in each case was confirmed by the combined results of myelography, spinal arteriography, and surgery. Surgical excision or embolization of the @entity292 produced a poor return of lost function but an arrest in the progression of paresis. One of the @entity1 had constant severe back and leg @entity158 postoperatively, and a follow-up MR study 5 months after surgery showed focal @entity194 and persistent enhancement of the thoracic cord. The @entity1 with preoperative focal @entity194 had an MR examination 1 year prior to surgery, which revealed enhancement of the cord similar to that seen on the immediate preoperative MR study. This @entity1 also had severe @entity158 in the back and lower extremities preoperatively, which accompanied her progressive paraparesis. It is believed that long-standing enhancement of the spinal cord in @entity1 with @entity2457 probably results from chronic progressive @entity63 , which may be irreversible and cause @entity158 of a central type.

title: @entity1188 of the spinal cord resulting from XXXX : MR imaging findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['venous ischemia']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'cord enhancement']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadopentetate dimeglumine']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['dural arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'cord atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['venous stasis']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['dural arteriovenous fistula']