abstract: OBJECTIVE: The increased cardiovascular risk associated with @entity13586 may relate to differential effects on blood pressure (BP) in comparison with other @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) selective inhibitors. @entity13586 is uniquely metabolized by cytosol reductase and may compete with @entity1369 for metabolism. We hypothesized that the effect of @entity13586 on BP may be due to an increase in @entity1369 levels. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, cross-over study. SETTING: Tertiary institution. @entity1 : Eleven @entity1 (all female, age 65 +/- 11 years) with @entity571 and @entity101 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received @entity13586 50 mg once/day or @entity12698 400 mg once/day for 8 weeks, followed by cross-over after a 2-week wash-out period. OUTCOME MEASURES: Office BP, heart rate (HR), plasma @entity1369 and @entity1369 related-markers, markers of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, @entity2661 and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured. RESULTS: @entity13586 caused an increase in BP compared to @entity12698 ; a change in recumbent systolic BP +/- SD (6.1 +/- 11.0 versus -7.0 +/- 12.5 mmHg, P < 0.05) and recumbent diastolic BP +/- SD (3.6 +/- 7.6 versus -1.7 +/- 5.7 mmHg). There was no difference in median change in plasma @entity1369 levels between @entity13586 and @entity12698 (-31 +/- 171.5 versus 43 +/- 147 pg/ml, P = 0.173). The other parameters measured were not different between the two agents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13586 therapy results in a significant increase in systolic BP compared to @entity12698 . As plasma @entity1369 levels were not different between the two drugs, the differential effect of @entity13586 on BP compared to @entity12698 appears to be unlikely due to competition by @entity13586 for @entity1369 metabolism.

title: Can the blood pressure effects of XXXX selective inhibitors be explained by changes in plasma @entity1369 levels?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib', 'Rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the lumbar spinal morphology in @entity1 with and without @entity170 by comparing the endplate changes, intervertebral disc changes, and vertebral heights. DESIGN: This is a retrospective study. Medical records of the 3,530 @entity1 admitted to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinics with @entity1643 between August 2010 and August 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 64 @entity1 of whom 57 were females (89.1  %) and seven were males (10.9  %) were included in the study. @entity1 were divided into an @entity170 group, an @entity2331 group, and a nonosteoporotic control group, according to bone mineral densities. RESULTS: In this study, mid heights of L3, L4, and L5 vertebrae were found to be higher in the normal group than in both the @entity3604 . Mid part heights of @entity6356 , @entity11376 , and L5-S1 intervertebral discs were significantly lower in the normal group when compared to the @entity3604 . End-plate @entity236 was detected in L1 lower end plate in 75  % of normal subjects, 40.6  % of osteopenics, and 25  % of osteoporotics. Statistically significant difference in the presence of Schmorl nodes in L5 vertebra lower end plates was present between groups; 58.3  % of normals, 34.4  % of osteopenics and 15  % of osteoporotics had Schmorl nodes in L5 vertebra lower end plates. There was a significant difference regarding @entity1797 and intradiscal gas presence in L5-S1 intervertebral discs between groups; 66.7  % of normals, 28.1  % of osteopenics, and 25  % of osteoporotics had severe @entity1797 and intradiscal gas was present in L5-S1 intervertebral discs. CONCLUSIONS: Significant changes in morphology of the lumbar spine and intervertebral discs were found. It was revealed that the effects of @entity170 are not limited to the bone but also present in the intervertebral discs. Mid heights of intervertebral discs were higher in the @entity3604 when compared to normal subjects along with the lowered mid heights of lumbar vertebrae. It was also observed that stronger vertebral bones were associated with more disc and @entity528 .

title: Assessment of lumbar vertebrae morphology by magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic and osteopenic groups', 'osteopenic and osteoporotic groups']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow abnormality']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral degeneration']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: The fungus @entity1327 can cause common @entity1292 in @entity791 ( @entity791 ) @entity1 . But other conditions can be associated with @entity370 . @entity5422 is the most common manifestation of this disease. One of the most important neurological complications is the development of @entity428 ( @entity428 ), which may result in high morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a @entity1 harboring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and having contracted a @entity1330 as a risk factor for @entity10070 . Brain MRI showed @entity2443 , with a mass in contact with the right frontal horn. Indian ink staining of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed positivity that was confirmed by the identification of @entity1327 after culture. The evolution was favorable under medical treatment with removal of material. The relationship between @entity370 and @entity1328 , described in the literature is not coincidental but is a rare complication of @entity370 of potential severity (40% of mortality). @entity370 is a common @entity262 that may increase host susceptibility to CNS @entity281 without any other signs or symptoms of host immunosuppression. The diagnosis of @entity1328 should be evoked as a differential diagnosis of @entity7993 .

title: [ @entity1330 in a @entity1 with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and monitoring for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['Meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity7993 :: ('MESH:C535814', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoiditis']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS', 'acquired immune deficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity10070 :: (MESH:D017565,Disease) :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the recent years, uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (uniportal-VATS) is developing rapidly on the basis of traditional three portal VATS and has been applied for radical resection of @entity2 , its superiority on the clinical application compared with traditional VATS is also become the focus of the attention, the aim of this study is to preliminary investigate the effect of uniportal -VATS on post-operative @entity158 and short-term quality of life. METHODS: Data of 216 @entity1 who underwent uniportal-VATS (n=115) or three portal VATS (3P-VATS)(n=101) for radical resection of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were analyzed. The clinical and operative data were assessed, visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the minimum and maximum @entity158 score (VASmin and VASmax) on the 3rd and 7th post-operative day. Chinese version 4.0 of Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Lung (FACT-L) was applied to evaluate the short-term quality of life preoperatively and 3 months after operation, respectively. Incidence of incision @entity1183 and satisfaction rate of incision appearance were compared between the two groups 3 months after operation. RESULTS: Both groups were similar in clinical characteristics, there were no perioperative @entity204 in two groups. While the operative time of uniportal-VATS group (157.62  19.50) min was longer than that of the 3P-VATS group [(116.00  17.32) min, P<0.001], the chest tube duration and postoperative hospital stay of uniportal-VATS group [(4.37  1.65) d, (9.87  1.25) d] were both shorter than those of 3P-VATS group [(5.54  1.57) d, (10.43  1.43) d, P=0.020, P=0.004]. No statistically significant difference was reported in VASmin-d3 [(1.98  0.57) vs (2.09  0.59), P=0.148] between the two groups, however, VASmin-d7 and VASmax-d3,d7 were all significantly less in uniportal-VATS group [(1.46  0.29), (3.75  0.54), (2.43  0.53)] than in 3P-VATS group [(1.58  0.30), (3.93  0.51), (2.62  0.62), P=0.003, P=0.011, P=0.018]. FACT-L assessment indicated that the scores of @entity1 ' functional status, emotional status and overall quality of life 3 months after the surgery in uniportal VATS group [(20.94  2.22), (19.88  1.70), (108.09  4.58)] were all higher than those in 3P-VATS group [(20.24  1.92), (19.36  1.67), (106.88  4.17), P=0.014, P=0.024, P=0.045], there were no significant differences between the two groups in physical status, social and family conditions as well as in @entity2 subscale. Compared with 3P-VATS group, the incidence of incision @entity1183 was lower (24.3% vs 38.6%, P=0.024) and satisfaction rate of incision was higher (78.3% vs 65.3%, P=0.035) in uniportal-VATS group at the 3 months follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared with 3P-VATS, uniportal-VATS radical lobectomy could reduce post-operative @entity158 and improve short-term postoperative quality of life, it has practical clinical value in surgical therapy of @entity2   .

title: [Comparison Study of Post-operative XXXX and Short-term Quality of Life between Uniportal and Three Portal Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery for Radical Lung Cancer Resection].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: The ability of @entity172 to prevent glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts was studied both in vitro and in vivo. Glucocorticoid treatment for 72 h produced a dose-dependent increase in the number of apoptotic cells, determined by @entity9186 / @entity5611 staining, with a maximal response of 31+/-2% and 26+/-3% with 100 nM @entity2819 in primary @entity35 and @entity19 osteoblasts, respectively. Simultaneous administration of varying concentrations of @entity53 and 100 nM @entity2819 decreased apoptotic osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximal decrease of 70% with 0.01 nM @entity53 . @entity23929 -mediated deoxy- @entity856 - @entity1885 nick end labeling also demonstrated glucocorticoid-induced DNA fragmentation that was inhibited by @entity172 . @entity172 was shown to inhibit apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment. As early as 6 h, Western blots demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in the @entity1379 / @entity1380 ratio, which reached a minimum of 0.18 in osteoblasts treated with 1000 nM @entity2819 for 72 h. This reduction in @entity1379 / @entity1380 was abolished by treating osteoblasts simultaneously with @entity53 , but not with @entity42037 . In 7-day-old @entity19 , administration of varying concentrations of @entity619 for 72 h resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the number of apoptotic osteoblasts as demonstrated by in situ @entity23929 -mediated deoxy- @entity856 - @entity1885 nick end labeling staining of calvaria. A maximum of 22+/-1% apoptotic osteoblasts on the bone surface was found with 1 mg/kg BW @entity619 compared with 2+/-1% in vehicle-treated @entity19 . Injection of varying concentrations of @entity53 (0.5-5 mg/kg BW), but not @entity42037 , with 1 mg/kg @entity619 produced a dose-dependent decrease in the number of apoptotic osteoblasts to 5+/-1% with 5 mg/kg @entity53 . Thus, glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts may be prevented at least in part by @entity53 .

title: XXXX prevents glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity23929 :: ('21673(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase', 'terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity42037 :: ('CHEBI:17160', 'Chemical') :: ['17alpha-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity9186 :: ('MESH:D000165', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine orange']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Medico-legal models of @entity1643 lack empirical support. Besides diagnostic and functional parameters, social and situational factors may influence @entity717 ratings and costs. METHODS: Archival data from employer-retained occupational medicine physician files and public court records were examined for 184 Workers' Compensation claimants with @entity13400 . Regression was used to predict ratings, costs, and settlement duration from medical, functional, social, and situational variables. RESULTS: Diagnosis, surgery, @entity158 , rating year, and clinic predicted impairment ratings from employer-retained physicians. The clinic effect partially reflected claimant ethnicity. Diagnosis, surgery, tests ordered, legal representation, and impairment rating predicted disability ratings at the administrative law judge level. Diagnosis, tests, and impairment rating predicted costs. For musculoskeletal diagnoses, settlement duration was related negatively to treatment duration and positively to costs. CONCLUSIONS: Social and situational parameters influence disability management among employer-retained physicians, while functional variables have little impact. For @entity1643 , @entity717 and cost may result from variation in treatment duration.

title: Disability management of XXXX by employer-retained physicians: ratings and costs.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impairment/disability', 'increased disability']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['disability determination for low back pain', 'musculoskeletal low back pain']

entities_list: @entity13400 :: ('MESH:D019567', 'Disease') :: ['low back injuries']

answer: @entity13400 :: (MESH:D019567,Disease) :: ['low back injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) in @entity1 with complications during treatment for @entity1583 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans were obtained 1 week or less before bronchoscopic sampling or biopsy in 48 pediatric @entity1 (age range, 8 months to 18 years at diagnosis) undergoing treatment for @entity1778 , @entity706 , or @entity66 . Radiographs were obtained less than 1 week before CT. @entity358 comprised fungal (n = 11), viral (n = 4), and bacterial (n = 5) @entity55 ; @entity3616 ([ @entity9107 ] n = 4); and @entity2 (n = 4). Chest radiographs and CT scans were rated independently by three radiologists who were unaware of these diagnoses. RESULTS: Satisfactory diagnostic accuracy, defined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, was noted for @entity364 (radiography, ROC area = 0.82; CT, ROC area = 0.78), @entity9107 (radiography, ROC area = 0.75; CT, ROC area = 0.75), and @entity2 (radiography, ROC area = 0.73; CT, ROC area = 0.83). Generalizability was good for @entity364 (radiography, generalizability coefficient [GC] = 0.84; CT, GC = 0.84) and @entity9107 (radiography, GC = 0.75; CT, GC = 0.99). There was no statistically significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between radiography and CT for any of the diagnoses. CONCLUSION: Radiography and CT have satisfactory accuracies for @entity364 and @entity9107 . For these conditions, CT identified more true-positive cases than did radiography.

title: @entity358 in @entity1 with XXXX : accuracy of diagnosis with chest radiography and CT.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['cryptogenic organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematologic malignancies']


abstract: We designed a randomized trial of IC with or without @entity4807 , an agent capable of reverting the multidrug resistance (mdr) phenotype, in @entity1 aged < or = 65 years with high risk @entity2590 . @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity2664 12 mg/m2/d d2-5 + AraC 1 g/m2/12 h d1-5, with (Q+) or without (Q-) @entity4807 (30 mg/kg/day). 131 @entity1 were included. @entity1262 expression analysis was successfully made in 91 @entity1 and 42 @entity1 (46%) had positive @entity1262 expression. In @entity1262 positive cases, 13 of the 25 (52%) @entity1 who received @entity4807 achieved CR, as compared to 3 of the 17 (18%) @entity1 treated with chemotherapy alone (p = 0.02). In @entity1262 negative cases, the CR rate was 35% and 49%, respectively in @entity1 who received @entity4807 or chemotherapy alone (difference not significant). In the 42 @entity1262 positive @entity1 , median Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival was 13 months in @entity1 allocated to the @entity4807 group, and 8 months in @entity1 treated with chemotherapy alone (p = 0.01). In @entity1262 negative @entity1 , median KM survival was 14 months in @entity1 allocated to the @entity4807 group, and 14 months in @entity1 treated with chemotherapy alone. Side effects of @entity4807 mainly included vertigo and @entity392 that generally disappeared with dose reduction. @entity33 was significantly more frequently observed in the @entity4807 group. No life threatening @entity1370 was observed. In conclusion, results of this randomized study show that @entity4807 increases the CR rate and survival in @entity1262 positive @entity2590 cases treated with IC. The fact that @entity4807 had no effect on the response rate and survival of @entity1262 negative @entity2590 suggests a specific effect on @entity1262 mediated drug resistance rather than, for instance, a simple effect on the metabolism of @entity2664 and/or AraC.

title: @entity4807 improves results of intensive chemotherapy (IC) in @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) expressing XXXX ( @entity1262 ). Updated results of a randomized study. Groupe Fran  ais des My  lodysplasies (GFM) and Groupe GOELAMS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['P-glycoprotein']


abstract: @entity75 were studied in the extremities and vertebral column in @entity19 @entity281 . Pathologic alterations found in those different joint systems were essentially the same in character. In the early stage of @entity32 was observed in the periarticular loose connective tissue. Abundant fine Gram-positive bacilli were free in inflamed @entity4 tissue. Then, active serofibrinous exudation and emigration of leukocytes occurred in the synovial membrane, articular cartilage, annulus fibrosus, and nucleus pulposus with the development of the disease. These exudative changes disappeared gradually. Instead of them, proliferation of synovial cells accompanied by dense infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells became conspicuous. At the same time, chondro- and osteoclastic activity occurred in the joints of the extremities or regions adjacent to the intervertebral disk. Capsular and subchondral pannus often resulted from an excessive proliferation of granulation tissue. In the late stage, they synovial membrane and granulation tissue underwent @entity82 , adhesion and ossification. Finally, these changes resulted in @entity82 . Gram-positive bacilli were hardly detected in histological preparations derived from animals in the chronic stage when proliferative change was predominant in the @entity75 .

title: XXXX in experimental Erysipelothrix insidiosa @entity281 in rats.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['infection, phlegmon-like inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous or bony ankylosis and deformation', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Articular lesions', 'articular lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['erysipelas infection']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Articular lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe and explore the current literature on the rare genetic condition of 46,XX @entity16438 -negative males. In addition, we propose comprehensive clinical guidelines in the management of this condition to aid fertility clinicians in their management of affected individuals. DESIGN: Case report with expert consensus-derived clinical management guidance. SETTING: Fertility outpatient clinic at a tertiary referral center. @entity1 (S): A 40-year-old male found to have 46,XX @entity4998 ( @entity4998 ) on routine fertility screening. INTERVENTION(S): A review of the literature, expert consultation, and formulation of comprehensive clinical guidance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We report an interesting and rare case of a phenotypical male with the karyotype 46,XX @entity4998 without an @entity16438 region. There is limited literature exploring this condition, and its etiology remains poorly understood. There is currently no clinical guidance available for fertility clinicians to follow when treating this condition. RESULT(S): A male phenotype with a 46 karyotype without the sex-defining region of the Y chromosome. CONCLUSION(S): A multidisciplinary approach should be adopted in the management of 46,XX individuals. All @entity1 with @entity3893 must be karyotyped. Sperm donation remains the only fertility treatment available. The 46,XX @entity1 need lifelong followup led by an endocrinologist with regular imaging of the gonads, bone density measurements, baseline blood tests, and T supplementation. Psychological support is a key part of a holistic approach.

title: A case report of an incidental finding of a 46,XX, XXXX -negative male with masculine phenotype during standard fertility workup with review of the literature and proposed immediate and long-term management guidance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['DSD', 'disorder of sex development']

answer: @entity16438 :: (6736,Gene) :: ['SRY']


abstract: We have previously reported that sound sequence discrimination learning requires cholinergic inputs to the auditory cortex (AC) in @entity35 . In that study, reward was used for motivating discrimination behavior in @entity35 . Therefore, dopaminergic inputs mediating reward signals may have an important role in the learning. We tested the possibility in the present study. @entity35 were trained to discriminate sequences of two sound components, and licking behavior in response to one of the two sequences was rewarded with water. To identify the dopaminergic inputs responsible for the learning, dopaminergic afferents to the AC were lesioned with local injection of @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ). The injection attenuated sound sequence discrimination learning, while it had no effect on discrimination between the sound components of the sequence stimuli. Local injection of @entity2955 into the nucleus accumbens attenuated sound discrimination learning. However, not only discrimination learning of sound sequence but also that of the sound components were impaired. @entity10095 (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.), a D1 receptor antagonist, had no effect on sound sequence discrimination learning, while it attenuated the licking behavior to unfamiliar stimuli. @entity1767 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), a D2 family antagonist, attenuated sound sequence discrimination learning, while it had no clear suppressive effect on discrimination of two different sound components and licking. These results suggest that D2 family receptors activated by dopaminergic inputs to the AC are required for sound sequence discrimination learning.

title: Sound sequence discrimination learning motivated by reward requires dopaminergic D2 receptor activation in the XXXX auditory cortex.

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['Haloperidol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the clinical and immunologic features of two @entity1 with progressive @entity2000 and circulating antiretinal antibodies without systemic @entity5 . METHODS: Two @entity1 were followed up for 5 to 7 years. Comprehensive medical and ophthalmic examinations and visual function testing included manual perimetry and standardized electroretinography. @entity1 sera were tested for antiretinal antibodies by Western blot and immunoperoxidase indirect cytochemistry techniques. RESULTS: Two @entity1 had family history of @entity792 . Each had severe monocular @entity227 with photopsia, a @entity1019 , and abnormal electroretinogram despite a normal-appearing ocular fundus. One had a flat electroretinogram; the other had inner @entity74 , with selective b wave loss and abnormal oscillatory potentials. Both @entity1 ' sera had antiretinal antibodies that specifically labeled the inner plexiform layer of donor retina by indirect immunoperoxidase testing. Neither had any sign of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In two @entity1 without systemic @entity5 , the symptoms, perimetric findings, and normal fundus appearance resembled @entity5 associated @entity989 . Electroretinography and antibody findings indicating dysfunction of the inner retina are distinct from those of @entity12621 . These two cases raise the possibility of an autoimmune mechanism for @entity2000 that is not @entity5 associated. Further study is necessary to determine the role of antiretinal antibodies in these @entity1 .

title: @entity792 in the absence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['retina dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity12621 :: ('MESH:D019572', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-associated retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['ring scotoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: AIM: The aims of this study were to determine the reliability, responsiveness and minimally important change score of the @entity15 Impact Scale (MSIS)-29 physical using the @entity717 ( @entity717 ) as an anchor measure. METHODS: 214 @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) ( @entity717 0-8.5) had concurrent MSIS-29 and @entity717 assessments at baseline and at up to 4 years of follow-up. RESULTS: 116 @entity1 had unchanged @entity717 scores. Stability of the MSIS-29 physical (mean change 0.1 points) was better in the 85 @entity1 with @entity717 0-5.0 than in the 31 @entity1 with @entity717 5.5-8.5 in whom the MSIS-29 physical score fell by 8 points, a response shift phenomenon. A floor effect for the MSIS-29 was observed in 5% of stable @entity1 at both time points. 98 @entity1 experienced @entity717 change with moderately strong statistically significant correlations between change scores in the @entity717 and the MSIS-29 physical (r = 0.523, p<0.0001). Effect sizes for MSIS-29 physical change were moderate to large. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, the MSIS-29 change score which produced a combination of optimal sensitivity and specificity was chosen for both @entity717 ranges. For @entity717 range 5.5-8, a change score of 8 had a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 67%. For @entity717 0-5.0, a change score of 7 had a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 51%. CONCLUSIONS: The MSIS-29 physical performs well over time, and is suitable for use in trials; a minimal change score of 8 points in the MSIS-29 is clinically significant.

title: The XXXX knows best: significant change in the physical component of the @entity15 Impact Scale (MSIS-29 physical).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Expanded Disability Status Scale', 'EDSS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Little is known of the influence race has on the development of leg @entity1066 , with most studies being performed in almost exclusively white populations. As part of a wider audit of leg @entity1066 services, health care professionals were contacted to give details of age, sex and ethnic background of all @entity1 who attended for treatment of leg @entity1066 over a one year period in an area of west London. West London Health Care Trust provides services to a population of 275,000 of whom 53,000 have an ethnic background from the Indian subcontinent (South Asian). In all, 280 @entity1 were identified, of whom 264 (94%) had details of age and sex. This gave a crude ascertainment rate of 1.02 per 1000 population. Of the 264 @entity1 , five were classified as South Asians, with one @entity1 classified as Afro-caribbean. The Mantel Haenzsel test demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of whites suffering from leg @entity1066 than South Asians, giving an odds ratio of 4.43, with 95% confidence intervals between 1.94 and 10.13 (P = 0.0004). The expected frequency of South Asian @entity1 should be 23, based on rates from the white population, of which 13 would be @entity1 and 10 @entity1 . Only five South Asian @entity1 were identified, and no Asian @entity1 with leg @entity1066 . Reasons for this low ascertainment are two-fold. Either there is a real difference between the white and South Asian populations, or South Asian @entity1 are not presenting for treatment. Further work must be performed to determine whether this is an effect of low prevalence, or unmet need in the community.

title: Leg XXXX and ethnicity: a study in west London.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulceration']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulceration']


abstract: In a group of 10 @entity1 (9 male, 1 female, aged 16 to 56, mean 43 years) with severe @entity712 ( @entity712 ), due to @entity741 (8 cases) or dilatative @entity296 (2 cases), the acute hemodynamic response to @entity3371 ( @entity1191 ) (90 min after 50 mg po) was evaluated. @entity1191 was then given starting with 15 mg q 8 hr, gradually increased within 2 or 3 days to 50 or 75 mg q 8 hr. A hemodynamic re-evaluation was performed after 20 days, and, in 5 @entity1 , after 1 year of @entity1191 treatment. The clinical follow-up done every 3 months in the outpatient clinic. @entity1191 acutely produced a decrease in mean pulmonary wedge pressure: 23.8 +/- 8.9 to 18.6 +/- 8.6 mmHg, p less than 0.01, and an increase in cardiac index: 2.43 +/- 0.73 to 2.91 +/- 0.85 l/min/m2, p less than 0.01; systemic and pulmonary resistances decreased significantly, with no significant changes in heart rate and in mean brachial artery pressure. This favourable hemodynamic response persisted after 20 days of @entity1191 treatment. In the group of 5 @entity1 , who underwent a third hemodynamic evaluation, no statistically significant differences were demonstrated in respect to the previous control values. All @entity1 on chronic @entity1191 treatment experienced a gradual clinical improvement, reaching a steady state after 2 to 3 weeks; the surviving @entity1 remained stable in the improved functional class for at least 6 months. The mortality rate was 30% in the first year, increasing to 50% in the second and to 60% in the third year of treatment. After a mean follow-up 35.7 months (range 33 to 39) the 4 surviving @entity1 remained in the same functional class as after the first year for therapy. In our @entity712 @entity1 @entity1191 improved the quality of life, with the best clinical and hemodynamic results the first few months of treatment; life expectancy probably was not affected.

title: Hemodynamic and clinical effects of XXXX in @entity1 with severe @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively investigate the value of routine frozen-section analysis (FSA) of the ureteric margin for detecting distal ureteric @entity5 in @entity1 undergoing cystectomy for @entity150 ( @entity1606 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 100 consecutive @entity1 had a radical cystectomy for @entity1606 of the bladder; routine FS biopsies were obtained from the lower ureters of all. Definitive pathology with step-sectioning of the lower ureters was reviewed, and the results of @entity982 -wax embedded sections and FSA were compared. The true incidence of distal ureteric @entity5 was identified and correlated with different clinical and pathological variables. RESULTS: There were 193 ureteric specimens examined; 16 ureters (8.3%) in 14 @entity1 showed evidence of @entity5 by FSA. True distal ureteric @entity5 was diagnosed in 29 ureteric specimens (15%) in 24 @entity1 . The sensitivity and specificity of the FSA were 45% and 98%, respectively, while the positive and negative predictive values were 81% and 91%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between distal ureteric @entity5 and: @entity1 age, @entity5 site or morphology, clinical or pathological staging, ipsilateral @entity3041 , suspicious intraoperative ureter, biopsy or @entity5 grade, associated @entity189 in situ or nodal involvement. Male gender and positive intraoperative FSA were the only predictors significantly associated with distal ureteric @entity5 by univariate analysis (P = 0.01 and <0.01, respectively). Both predictors remained significant on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: A positive ureteric FSA during cystectomy has a high predictive value in the diagnosis of distal ureteric @entity5 , and is justified as an independent predictor in male @entity1 with @entity150 .

title: The value of frozen-section analysis of ureteric margins on surgical decision-making in @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder transitional cell carcinoma', 'bladder TCC']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: We reported a @entity1 who showed @entity1054 for streets and homes unaccompanied by @entity10400 of familiar faces following @entity1188 in the right occipital lobe. A 70-years-old right-handed @entity1 admitted to our department because of sudden development of @entity227 . He had @entity1805 , left unilateral @entity227 but no other @entity16 . His verbal memory was maintained intact. He was, however, unable to distinguish the sceneries of buildings and streets regardless of their familiarities and often got lost in the hospital. His topographical abilities in map-sketching and route-description were partially impaired depending upon the familiarity of targets; the disability was observed toward unfamiliar targets. His ability in facial recognition was also partially impaired depending upon the familiarity of @entity1 . The @entity1 was unable to distinguish faces of unfamiliar @entity1 , such as nurses and doctors whom he met following stroke, whereas he was able to distinguish faces of familiar @entity1 , such as his family and friends. The brain MRI demonstrated @entity1188 in the right medial occipital lobe including parahippocampal gyrus, lingual gyrus and fusiform gyrus. In general, the manifestation of @entity1054 for streets and houses is associated with @entity10400 . The present case, however, exhibited only the former in association with the partial manifestation of the latter. The fact suggests that those two are independent syndromes. The present case also showed a dissociation in the abilities of topographical and facial recognition according to the familiarity of targets. The process for the retrieval and reference of acquired information and that for the acquirement of new @entity227 may work in an independent manner.

title: [A case of XXXX for streets and houses unaccompanied by @entity10400 of familiar faces due to the right occipital lobe @entity1188 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['spatial neglect and slight visual memory disturbance', 'visual information', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['left hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['prosopagnosia']

answer: @entity1054 :: (MESH:D000377,Disease) :: ['agnosia']


abstract: @entity453 are found in approximately 1.3  % of symptomatic adult @entity1 undergoing coronary arteriography and encompass a wide variety of anatomic patterns. Single coronary arteries are found in 0.024-0.066  % of this group. The particular type of a single coronary artery with an anatomically correct course of either artery (so-called L/R-I type according to the Lipton and Yamanaka/Hobbs classification) is an especially rare phenomenon and has been described for the left coronary artery and for the right coronary artery in adults. In these anomalies an isolated coronary artery ensuring the blood supply of the entire heart displayed a compensatory widening of the lumen. The case of a 6-year-old @entity1 who collapsed during exercise and died subsequently of acute @entity204 is presented. At autopsy a single right coronary artery with an anatomically correct course (R-I type) arising from the right sinus of Valsalva was found. On microscopic examination @entity296 and scars were found in the papillary muscles of the mitral valve. Common ion channel disorders were excluded by DNA analysis. @entity1164 on the basis of @entity741 was ascertained as the cause of @entity204 . Autopsy and microscopic findings, as well as aspects of the underlying pathophysiology, are presented and discussed.

title: XXXX : a fatal R-I type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial calcifications']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery anomalies']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Single coronary artery']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the @entity1 with @entity356 -associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 . METHODS: The clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of 103 @entity6595 @entity1 admitted to our hospital from April 2001 to August 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The onset of @entity6595 was often insidious without specific clinical manifestation, the most common complaints were @entity490 or discomfort, @entity353 , poor appetite, @entity390 and @entity391 . According to Musshoff staging system, 75(72.8%) @entity1 were at early stages (I/II) and 28 (27.2%) @entity1 at advanced stages (III/IV). There was no significant difference in five-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between the @entity1 in surgery group and non-surgery group (60.4% vs 78.9%, respectively, P = 0072), while there was statistical difference in five-year progression-free survival (PFS) between the two groups (31.7% vs 52.8%, respectively, P = 0.023). @entity1534 (Hp) was detected in 94 @entity1 (91.2%). Anti-Hp treatment was effective with 100% overall response rate. In 94 @entity1 with complete follow-up data, the 5-year @entity1349 rate was 75%, 5-year PFS rate was 46%. Univariate survival analysis showed that the B symptoms, Musshoff staging, performance staging, stage-modified IPI, levels of LDH, nodal involvement and levels of @entity6393 were correlated with @entity1349 and PFS (P < 0.05). The Cox regression analysis showed that Musshoff-III/IV stage, stage-modified IPI score > 2 and B symptoms were independent factor for @entity1349 (P < 0.05), whereas Musshoff-III/IV stage was independent factor for PFS (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION: The @entity6595 had a favorable outcome with high @entity1349 rate. The anti-Hp therapy was an effective treatment for the @entity6595 , which avoid the surgical @entity130 and improve the quality of life. The prognostic analysis showed that Musshoff staging, B symptoms or stage-modified IPI score were independent factors for @entity1349 and Musshoff staging was also an independent factor for PFS.

title: [The clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of XXXX -associated @entity706 of 103 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric mucosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, affecting mainly the joint but also other tissues. @entity309 @entity1 usually present weakness and @entity2057 , nonarticular manifestations of the disease. Although causing great impact, the understanding of @entity2057 , its development, and the mechanisms involved is still very limited. The objective of this study is to evaluate the development of @entity2057 in skeletal muscle of a @entity19 model of @entity625 . METHODS: The experimental @entity19 model of @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) was used. DBA/1J @entity19 were randomly divided into three groups: control (CO, n   =   25), sham @entity625 (SA, n   =   25), and @entity625 ( @entity1753 , n   =   28), analyzed in different time points: 25, 35, and 45  days after the induction of @entity625 . The @entity625 development was followed by clinical scores and hind paw @entity4 three times a week. The spontaneous exploratory locomotion and weight were evaluated weekly. In all time points, serum was collected before the death of the animals for cytokine analysis, and myofiber cross-sectional areas (CSA) of gastrocnemius (GA) and tibialis anterior (TA) skeletal muscles were evaluated. RESULTS: The clinical parameters of @entity625 progressively increased in @entity1753 in all experimental times, demonstrating the greatest difference from other groups at 45  days after induction (clinical score: CO, 00        00; SA, 1.00        0.14; @entity1753 , 3.28        0.41 p   >   0.05). The @entity1753 animals had lower weights during all the experimentation periods with a difference of 6  % from CO at 45  days (p   >   0.05). @entity1753 animals also demonstrated progressive decrease in distance walked, with a reduction of 54  % in 35 and 74  % at 45  days. Cytokine analysis identified significant increase in @entity777 serum levels in @entity1753 than CO and SA in all experimental times. CSA of the myofiber of GA and TA was decreased 26 and 31  % (p   >   0.05) in @entity1753 in 45  days after the induction of disease, respectively. There was significant and inverse correlation between the disease clinical score and myofiber CSA in 45  days (GA: r   =   -0.71; p   =   0.021). CONCLUSION: Our results point to a progressive development of @entity2057 , with premature onset @entity625 . These observations are relevant to understand the development of @entity121 , as well as for the design of future studies trying to understand the mechanisms involved in @entity2057 . As far as we are concerned, this is the first study to evaluate the relation between disease score and @entity2057 in a model of @entity625 .

title: Temporal development of @entity2057 in XXXX model of @entity625 is related to disease severity.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy', 'muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle loss']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between cigarette smoking and the incidence of nuclear and non-nuclear @entity231 in members of the Framingham Eye Study Cohort. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eye examinations were conducted on surviving members of the Framingham Heart Study Cohort from 1973 to 1975 (Framingham Eye Study I) and again from 1986 to 1989 (Framingham Eye Study II). Smoking data, collected biennially since 1948 in the Heart Study, were used to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and the incidence of @entity231 . Two thousand six hundred seventy-five @entity1 were examined in the Framingham Eye Study I. Our analysis included 660 @entity1 , aged 52 to 80 years, who were free of @entity231 at the first eye examination. RESULTS: During the approximately 12.5 years between eye examinations, @entity231 developed in a total of 381 @entity1 , with nuclear opacities constituting the most frequent type. In logistic regression analyses that controlled for age, sex, education, and @entity6 , a significant positive association with increasing duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked daily was found for nuclear @entity231 , alone or in combination (test for trend, P < or = .002), but not for nonnuclear opacities (test for trend, P = .62). Among the heavier smokers ( @entity1 who smoked > or = 20 cigarettes per day according to 6 or more biennial Framingham Heart Study examinations), 77% were still smoking at the time of the first eye examination. @entity1 who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day at the time of the first eye examination were at substantially increased risk for the development of nuclear opacities than nonsmokers (odds ratio, 2.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-5.51). There was no apparent excess risk for @entity1 with nonnuclear @entity231 (odds ratio, 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-3.07). CONCLUSION: This study provides further evidence that cigarette smokers have an increased risk of developing nuclear @entity231 . The risk was greatest for heavier smokers, who tended to be current smokers and who smoked more cigarettes and for a longer duration.

title: Cigarette smoking and the risk of development of XXXX . The Framingham studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['lens opacities']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['lens opacities']


abstract: Catch is a holding state of muscle where tension is maintained passively for long time periods in the absence of stimulation. The catch state becomes obvious after termination of activation; however, it is possible that catch linkages are already established during activation. To investigate this, skinned fibre bundles of the anterior byssus retractor muscle of @entity13367 were maximally activated with @entity141 and subsequently exposed to 10 mmol l(-1) @entity8870 (V(i)) or 5 mumol l(-1) @entity12602 to inhibit the force-generating myosin head cross-bridges. Repetitive stretches of about 0.1% fibre bundle length were applied to measure stiffness. Inhibitor application depressed force substantially but never resulted in a full relaxation. The remaining force was further decreased by moderate alkalization (change of pH from 6.7 to 7.4) or by @entity268 . Furthermore, the stiffness/force ratio was higher during exposure to V(i) or @entity12602 than during partial @entity141 activation producing the same submaximal force. The increased stiffness/force ratio was abolished by moderate alkalization or @entity268 . Finally, the stretch-induced delayed force increase (stretch activation) disappeared, and the force recovery following a quick release of the fibre length, was substantially reduced when the force was depressed by V(i) or @entity12602 . All these findings suggest that catch linkages are already established during maximal @entity141 activation. They seem to exhibit ratchet properties because they allow shortening and resist stretches. In isometric experiments a force decrease is needed to stress the catch linkages in the high resistance direction so that they contribute to force.

title: The catch state of mollusc catch muscle is established during activation: experiments on skinned fibre preparations of the anterior byssus retractor muscle of @entity13367 L. using the myosin inhibitors XXXX and @entity12602 .

entities_list: @entity12602 :: ('MESH:C472645', 'Chemical') :: ['blebbistatin']

entities_list: @entity13367 :: ('6550', 'Species') :: ['Mytilus edulis']

entities_list: @entity8870 :: ('MESH:D014638', 'Chemical') :: ['orthovanadate']

answer: @entity8870 :: (MESH:D014638,Chemical) :: ['orthovanadate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of @entity109 treatment for @entity410 in rural China, and to explore factors associated with overall @entity410 outcomes. METHODS: We carried out follow-up assessments of @entity1 who took part in an @entity302 community management program conducted in rural counties of six provinces in China. @entity1 with @entity410 who were previously untreated (or on irregular treatment) were commenced on regular treatment with @entity109 . Information was collected using a standardized questionnaire by face-to-face interviews of the individuals (and their families where necessary). Information collected included treatment status, medication change, @entity410 frequency, and mortality. KEY FINDINGS: Among the 2,455 @entity1 who participated in the original program, outcomes were successfully ascertained during the follow-up assessment in 1986. Among them, 206 had died. Information on treatment response was obtained in 1,780 (56% male; mean age 33.9 years, range 3-84; mean duration of follow-up 6.4 years). Among them, 939 (53%) were still taking @entity109 . The most common reasons for stopping @entity109 were @entity410 freedom or substantial @entity410 reduction, socioeconomic reasons, and personal preference. Four hundred fifty-three individuals (25%) became @entity410 -free for at least 1 year while taking @entity109 , 88% of whom did so at daily doses of 120 mg or below. Four hundred six (23%) reported adverse events, which led to withdrawal of @entity109 in <1%. The most common adverse effects were malaise/somnolence (7.4%), @entity1296 (3%), and lethargy (2.6%). At the follow-up assessment, 688 (39%) individuals had been @entity410 free for at least the previous year. @entity1 with persistent @entity410 had significantly longer duration of @entity302 and higher number of @entity410 in the 12 months before treatment. @entity1 who were taking AED treatment irregularly at recruitment were less likely to become @entity410 -free. SIGNIFICANCE: We observed long-term benefits of regular treatment with @entity109 for @entity410 in rural China. One hundred years after the discovery of its antiepileptic effect, @entity109 is still playing an important role in the management of @entity302 .

title: Long-term outcome of XXXX treatment for @entity302 in rural China: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsive epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity109 :: (MESH:D010634,Chemical) :: ['phenobarbital']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One major problem of using hypercholesterolaemia alone as a primary criterion for diagnosing @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) is that 15-40% of relatives may be misdiagnosed because plasma lipid levels in @entity4310 heterozygotes overlap with those in the general population. SETTING: General Hospital/University of Vienna, Department of Pediatrics, Outpatient lipid clinic. METHODS: As a part of the MED-PED (make early diagnosis-prevent @entity204 ) project we are currently investigating @entity1 , adolescents and their relatives who are suspected to be affected with @entity4310 in our out- @entity1 clinic for @entity209 using MED-PED inclusion criteria and confirming the diagnosis by means of DNA analysis. @entity1 : 263 @entity1 with @entity731 and/or hypercholesterolaemia: 116 @entity1 (mean age 11.6 +/- 4.1 years; 57 @entity1 and 59 @entity1 ) and 147 adults (64 @entity1 , mean age 41.5 +/- 13.7 years; 83 @entity1 , mean age 42.8 +/- 10.8 years). RESULTS: 119 @entity1 with mutations have been detected; 56 @entity1 with either @entity754 ( @entity754 ) and/or @entity755 mutations (27 @entity1 and 29 @entity1 ; mean total @entity165 (TC) 275 +/- 71 mg/dl, @entity1674 (TG) 101 +/- 57 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) 49 +/- 12 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) 198 +/- 67 mg/dl) and one @entity1 with a homozygous. @entity754 mutation. A further 62 adults with @entity754 and/or @entity755 mutations were documented; 33 @entity1 (mean age 36.9 +/- 11.1 years; mean TC 283 +/- 76 mg/dl, TG 137 +/- 78 mg/dl, HDL-C 55 +/- 17 mg/dl, LDL-C 210 +/- 67 mg/dl) and 29 @entity1 (mean age 45.0 +/- 10.6 years; mean TC 301 +/- 87 mg/dl, TG 163 +/- 112 mg/dl, HDL-C 42 +/- 12 mg/dl, LDL-C 233 +/- 83 mg/dl). In 32 of these subjects (11 @entity1 (21%), 21 adults (42%)), serum lipid levels were lower than the diagnostic MED-PED limits adopted, so that they might have been misclassified without an additional DNA analysis. CONCLUSION: In our study, diagnosis of @entity74 ( @entity755 defect) by means of conventional laboratory methods missed at least 21% in @entity1 and 42% in adults affected with @entity754 and/or @entity755 gene mutations. Genetic @entity4310 diagnosis provides a tool for specific diagnosis of mutation carrier status.

title: Diagnosis of families with XXXX and/or @entity755 defect by means of DNA analysis of @entity754 gene mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'girls', 'women', 'children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'boy', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['low density lipoprotein receptor', 'LDLR']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['FH and related disorders']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'familial hypercholesterolaemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['premature atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4310 :: (MESH:D009386,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gait speed and sleep quality are health indices related to longevity and mortality. In the present study, we measured sleep quality, quality of life, gait speed, and visual acuity before and after @entity231 surgery to evaluate the efficacy of the procedure on systemic health. METHODS: The study was conducted on 155 @entity1 (93 @entity1 ; average age 74.8 years) undergoing @entity231 surgery with the implantation of a yellow soft acrylic lens. @entity1 were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (VFQ-25; vision-related quality of life) before and then 2 and 7 months after surgery. Four-meter gait speed was also determined. RESULTS: Of the 155 @entity1 , 68 (43.9%) were classified as poor sleepers (PSQI>5.5) prior to surgery. Significant improvements were noted in sleep 2 months after surgery (p<0.05, paired t-test), but thereafter the improvements were not significant. Prior to surgery, 117 @entity1 (77.0%) were classified as slow walkers (speed<1.0 meter/s). Gait speed increased significantly in these @entity1 2 months after surgery (p<0.001, paired t-test). Multiple regression analysis revealed significant correlations between the preoperative VFQ-25 score and both PSQI (p<0.05) and gait speed (p<0.001). Postoperative increases in the VFQ-25 score were positively correlated with decreases in the PSQI (p<0.05). Improvements in visual acuity were correlated with improvements in the VFQ-25 score, but not with either PSQI or gait speed. CONCLUSION: Cataract surgery effectively improves sleep quality and slow gait speed.

title: Improvements in sleep quality and gait speed after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Background. @entity24527 ( @entity6455 ) is an active compound extracted from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. Previous reports have shown that @entity24527 has a clinically significant therapeutic effect on @entity309 . However, little is known about the mechanism by which @entity24527 inhibits cartilage and bone degradation. Methods. @entity95 were immunized with @entity625 ( @entity625 ) and treated with @entity24527 . Joint tissues from @entity95 were studied by histological analysis, @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ), and micro-CT. The expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (RANKL) and @entity40332 ( @entity40332 ) in joint tissues were determined using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR analysis. Results. Histological analysis and @entity1579 sections of cartilage in the @entity6455 treated group showed a low level of chondrocyte destruction. Micro-CT analysis showed that the bone mineral density value and bone structural level in @entity6455 treated @entity95 were significantly higher compared with those in the @entity625 group. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR analysis showed that @entity24527 treatment reduced RANKL expression and enhanced @entity40332 expression levels, as compared to the @entity625 group. Conclusion. These data indicate that @entity6455 suppresses articular @entity604 and prevents joint destruction. This study also determined that @entity6455 regulated articular @entity604 in part by regulating RANKL and @entity40332 expression.

title: XXXX Prevents Cartilage and Bone Degradation in Experimental Models of @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['antigen-induced arthritis', 'AIA']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['transmission electron microscopy', 'TEM']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity24527 :: ('MESH:C056599', 'Chemical') :: ['icariin', 'Icariin']

answer: @entity24527 :: (MESH:C056599,Chemical) :: ['Icariin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 is caused by mutations in the @entity7363 gene and is clinically characterized by recurrent @entity64 and @entity73 . Previous studies have shown an association between @entity62 and @entity73 in @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 . In the general population the presence of @entity1188 and microbleeds is also associated with @entity73 . The objective of this study was to determine to what extent @entity1188 and microbleeds on MRI contribute to @entity73 in @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 . METHODS: @entity7363 mutation analysis was performed in 62 symptomatic and asymptomatic members of 15 @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 families. Neuropsychological tests were performed on the same day as the MRI examination. MRI was semi-quantitatively scored for @entity62 , @entity4798 load, and microbleeds. Regression analysis was performed to test the association between MRI abnormalities and neuropsychological test results. RESULTS: Forty individuals had a @entity7363 mutation and 22 did not. Severity of @entity73 in mutation carriers was independently associated with MRI @entity4798 load (P<0.05). In contrast, WMH lesion load and microbleeds were not associated with @entity73 after correcting for age. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4798 load is the most important MRI parameter associated with @entity73 in @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 .

title: @entity1188 are the main correlate with XXXX in CADASIL.

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['Lacunar infarct lesion', 'infarct lesion']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarcts', 'subcortical infarcts']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy', 'cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hyperintensities on brain MRI', 'white matter hyperintensities', 'leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: AIMS: Characterizing the time course of the rise of blood @entity413 concentrations in the fasting state during the day and night in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: 40 consecutive insulin-treated @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 underwent fasting tests on two different days with either no breakfast and lunch (fasting time of 20 hours) or no dinner (fasting time of 21 hours). @entity413 -lowering medication was stopped prior to the test according to the half-life of the medication prescribed. At the start of the fasting tests, blood @entity413 concentrations were lowered to below 7 mmol/L using an insulin infusion. RESULTS: 26 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 were included in the study. Mean (+/-SD) age was 61+/-10 years, BMI 31+/-7 kg/m (2), and HbA1c 7.5+/-1%. @entity6 duration was 14+/-8 years and duration of insulin therapy had been prescribed for a mean of 6+/-6 years. During the daytime fast, plasma @entity413 concentrations rose by a mean of 0.8+/-1.6 mmol/L. During the nighttime fast, plasma @entity413 concentrations increased particularly after midnight, by 4.3+/-2.1 mmol/L, i.e. significantly more than during the daytime fast. CONCLUSIONS: Fasting blood @entity413 concentrations in the majority of insulin-treated @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 increase markedly after midnight. No similar increase is observed during the day. Thus, for most @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , an intermediate- or long-acting insulin injected at bedtime with a peak action six to eight hours after injection should be appropriate.

title: Assessment of basal insulin requirement using fasting tests in insulin-treated @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: We have examined the effects of prenatal @entity3147 on interneuronally mediated inhibition and facilitation in the dentate gyrus of the @entity35 using the paired-pulse technique. Field potentials were recorded in the dentate gyrus in response to paired stimuli delivered to the perforant path. The paired-pulse index (PPI) was used as a measure of the net short-term facilitation or interneuronally mediated inhibition effective at the time of the paired-pulse test and was computed by dividing the amplitude of the second population spike (p2) by the amplitude of the first population spike (p1). PPIs were classified according to p1 in order to compare PPIs between behavioral states and dietary treatments since population spike amplitudes in the dentate gyrus vary in relation to behavioral state. Testing was performed during 4 behavioral states: @entity25 ( @entity25 ), paradoxical sleep (REM), immobile waking (IW) and exploratory locomotion (AW) using interpulse intervals (IPI) from 20 to 400 ms. The magnitude and duration of interneuronally mediated inhibition was significantly increased in prenatal protein malnourished animals when compared with controls. Paired-pulse tests performed using an IPI of 20 ms under the high p1 (p1 greater than median) condition showed significantly smaller PPIs in prenatal protein malnourished @entity35 regardless of behavioral state. For IPIs greater than 20 ms PPIs were consistently smaller in prenatal protein malnourished @entity35 during @entity25 and IW. These data indicate that both the magnitude and duration of interneuronally mediated inhibition are increased in prenatally malnourished @entity35 . No consistent diet-related differences were found during AW and REM using IPIs greater than 20 ms because interneuronally mediated inhibition was relatively suppressed during these behavioral states for both dietary groups. There was no consistent behavioral state modulation of paired-pulse facilitation (IPI = 40 to 80 ms) or late inhibition (IPI = 400 ms) in either diet group. In addition, a new relation between PPI and IPI was found under the low p1 (p1 greater than median) condition. During AW the PPIs observed using IPIs of 40 and 50 ms were smaller than those observed using IPIs of 30 and 60 ms. This @entity308 interrupts what is generally considered the "facilitatory" phase of paired-pulse response and may indicate an interaction between perforant path stimulation and hippocampal theta rhythm which is masked when p1 amplitude is high.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Prenatal XXXX alters behavioral state modulation of inhibition and facilitation in the dentate gyrus.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow-wave sleep', 'SWS']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['protein malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['protein malnutrition']


abstract: @entity28 is associated with poor survival after @entity0 in individual studies and meta-analyses. Evidence regarding associations of @entity28 with @entity0 -specific survival (BCSS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in relation to @entity5282 status, or BCSS in relation to menopausal status has not been evaluated in a previous meta-analysis. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of the association of @entity28 with @entity1349 and BCSS in relation to @entity5282 status and menopausal status. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases from the first record to December 2011 and presentations made at major international meetings in the last 5 years were searched. We included observational or interventional studies reporting hazard ratios (HRs) of @entity28 with @entity1349 and/or BCSS in relation to @entity5282 and/or menopausal status. Twenty-one studies qualified, meeting the above criteria. The pooled HR for @entity1349 in heavier versus lighter @entity1 was 1.31 (95 % CI 1.17-1.46) for @entity172 receptor/ @entity1420 receptor (ER/PgR) positive @entity5 ; 1.18 (95 % CI 1.06-1.31) for ER/PgR negative @entity5 ; and the difference between the two groups was not significant (p = 0.31). The pooled HR for @entity1349 in heavier versus lighter @entity1 was 1.23 (95 % CI 1.07-1.42) for premenopausal @entity1 and 1.15 (95 % CI 1.06-1.26) for post-menopausal @entity1 , and the difference between the two groups was not significant (p = 0.57). Comparable pooled HRs for BCSS were 1.36 (95 % CI 1.20-1.54) for ER/PgR positive @entity5 and 1.46 (95 % CI 0.98-2.19) for ER/PgR negative @entity5 ; and 1.18 (95 % CI 0.82-1.70) for pre-menopausal @entity1 and 1.38 (95 % CI 1.11-1.71) for post-menopausal @entity1 , also without significant group differences. Results were similar after adjustment for BMI measurement technique, years of follow-up, or study design. These findings led us to conclude that there is no evidence showing that the association of @entity28 with @entity0 outcome differs by @entity5282 or menopausal status. This has implications for studies of weight loss interventions in the adjuvant BC setting.

title: Body size and XXXX prognosis in relation to @entity5282 and menopausal status: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Peripartum @entity296 (PPCM) is a rare type of @entity712 which presents towards the end of pregnancy or in the first 5 months after delivery. Depending on the geographical location the incidence is reported in the literature as 1:300 up to 1:15,000. There are a number of known risk factors, such as multiparity and age of the mother over 30 years. The symptoms of PPCM correspond to those of @entity296 . The diagnosis is mainly carried out using echocardiography which shows a clear reduction of systolic left ventricular function. The therapeutic approach is the same as for @entity296 and in this context it is absolutely necessary to show caution concerning the state of pregnancy and the resulting contraindications for therapeutic drugs. The prognosis is dependent on recovery from the @entity712 during the first 6 months postpartum. The lethality of the disease is high and is given in the literature as up to 28  %. Because of its complexity PPCM is an interdisciplinary challenge. In the peripartum phase a close cooperation between the disciplines of cardiology, cardiac surgery, neonatology, obstetrics and anesthesiology is indispensable. For anesthesiology the most important aspects are the mostly advanced unstable hemodynamic condition of the mother and the planning and implementation of the perioperative management. This article presents the case of a @entity1 in advanced pregnancy with signs of acute severe @entity712 and a suspected diagnosis of PPCM. The @entity1 presented as an emergency case and delivery of the @entity1 was carried out using peridural anesthesia with a stand-by life support machine.

title: [Peripartum XXXX : interdisciplinary challenge].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic cardiomyopathy', 'cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the course of @entity5 -free survival and thus determine how reliably reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can detect @entity1486 expressing cells, as @entity1 with @entity263 tend to have a poor prognosis, whereas those treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) and immediate adjuvant hormonal therapy show excellent @entity66 control and a disease-free survival comparable with that of @entity1 with negative lymph nodes, but the detection of micrometastatic disease in pelvic lymph nodes remains a major challenge. @entity1 AND METHODS: Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect PSA mRNA expression in total RNA of 457 pelvic lymph nodes from 70 @entity1 who had RP (53 @entity1 ) or laparoscopic lymphadenectomy (17) at our clinic in 1999/2000. For this purpose, alternate sections of lymph node tissue were either snap-frozen for later RNA isolation or examined by standard histopathological methods. Clinicopathological data, adjuvant treatments and follow-up data were recorded for all @entity1 . RESULTS: After January 2006 (6-year observation period), 13 @entity1 had no follow-up data, while 27 had biochemical (PSA) recurrence or other evidence of clinical progression (two died from @entity263 ), and 30 had no signs of recurrence. Compared to the 'reference' standard (histopathology), the PCR method had a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 66%. The method had a positive predictive value of 52% and a negative predictive value of 57%. CONCLUSION: Considered alone, pelvic lymph node PSA RT-PCR does not predict the clinical course better than a histopathological assessment of lymph nodes. However, it also identifies some @entity1 with negative histology who later show progression. When added to the pathological classification, PSA RT-PCR improves the detection rate of primary lymphatic dissemination.

title: Does the molecular staging in pelvic lymph nodes improve the detection of relevant XXXX metastases? An assessment after 6 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'untreated lymph node-positive prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Details of @entity1 with @entity3620 that was diagnosed in Australia before 1981 were obtained by searching all possible sources throughout Australia as far into the past as possible and up to and including 1980. The earliest @entity1 with @entity2615 who was identified was diagnosed in Victoria in 1947. By 1980, 535 (81%) @entity1 and 123 (19%) @entity1 had been diagnosed with the disease; only 14 @entity1 were aged less than 35 years at the time of diagnosis (the youngest @entity1 was 15 years of age). The incidence rate in subjects who were 35 years or older at diagnosis was less than 1.0 cases per million @entity1 -years until 1964-1968, and then it rose progressively to 15.5 cases per million @entity1 -years in 1979-1980. The highest rate (69.7 cases per million @entity1 -years) was observed in 65- to 74-year-old @entity1 in 1979-1980. The incidence rate in Western Australia was greater than were the rates in other states of Australia after the mid 1960s. @entity2615 accounted for 88% of cases in which the site of the @entity5 was known; peritoneal mesotheliomas accounted for 10% of such cases and "other" sites for 2% of such cases. In 6% of cases the site was not specified. The exposure to @entity1355 was stated as "definite" in 59% of the cases with a recorded history of exposure: 8% of all the cases in the study had been exposed to crocidolite (blue @entity1355 ) from Wittenoom Gorge in Western Australia. The age at diagnosis of @entity1 with known exposure to @entity1355 was similar to that in those without known exposure. The increases in the incidence of @entity3620 in Australia follow the published trends in the production and use of the amphibole varieties of @entity1355 in this country after a lag period of between 20 and 30 years.

title: The incidence of XXXX in Australia, 1947-1980.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural mesotheliomas', 'mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hospitalised sport and active recreation injuries can have serious long-term consequences. Despite this, few studies have examined the long-term outcomes of these injuries. The purpose of this study was to establish whether @entity1 hospitalised with orthopaedic sport and active recreation injuries, have returned to their pre-injury levels of health status and function, 12 months post injury and identify factors associated with poor outcomes. The present work was a cohort study with retrospective assessment of pre-injury status and prospective assessment of outcome at 12 months post injury. METHODS: Adults with orthopaedic sport and active recreation injuries, captured by the Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry were recruited to the study. @entity130 and 12-month outcomes were assessed using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale. Differences in pre-injury and post-injury SF-36 scores were examined and @entity130 , hospital and physical activity variables were assessed for associations with outcome using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Of the 324 @entity1 98% were followed-up at 12 months post injury. At 12 months, @entity1 reported a mean 7.0-point reduction in physical health (95% CI 5.8 to 7.8) and a 2.5-point reduction in mental health (95% CI 1.2 to 3.0), with 58% (95% CI 52.6% to 63.4%) reporting reduced function. Sporting group (p=0.001), Injury Severity Score >15 (p=0.007) and high pre-injury vigorous activity levels (p=0.04), were related to poorer physical health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: At 12 months post injury, most @entity1 reported large reductions in physical health and reduced function. This information is important for furthering our understanding of the burden of sport and active recreation injury and setting priorities for treatment and rehabilitation.

title: Return to pre-injury health status and function 12 months after hospitalisation for sport and active recreation related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['demographic, injury', 'Pre-injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['orthopaedic injury']


abstract: To dissect the molecular oscillatory mechanism of the circadian @entity16067 in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, we have cloned a cDNA of the @entity16067 gene cycle (Gb'cyc) and analyzed its structure and function. Gb'cyc contains four functional domains, i.e. bHLH, PAS-A, PAS-B and BCTR domains, and is expressed rhythmically in light dark cycles, peaking at mid night. The RNA interference (RNAi) of @entity16067 (Gb' @entity40937 ) and period (Gb'per) reduced the Gb'cyc mRNA levels and abolished the rhythmic expression, suggesting that the rhythmic expression of Gb'cyc is regulated by a mechanism including Gb' @entity40937 and Gb'per. These features are more similar to those of @entity1 orthologue of cyc ( @entity8713 ) than those of @entity238 @entity40938 single treatment with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of Gb'cyc effectively knocked down the Gb'cyc mRNA level and abolished its rhythmic expression. The cyc RNAi failed to disrupt the locomotor rhythm, but lengthened its free-running period in constant darkness ( @entity336 ). It is thus likely that Gb'cyc is involved in the circadian @entity16067 machinery of the cricket. The cyc RNAi crickets showed a rhythmic expression of Gb'per and timeless (Gb'tim) in the optic lobe in @entity336 , explaining the persistence of the locomotor rhythm. Surprisingly, cyc RNAi revealed a rhythmic expression of Gb' @entity40937 in @entity336 which is otherwise rather constitutively expressed in the optic lobe. These facts suggest that the cricket might have a unique @entity16067 oscillatory mechanism in which both Gb'cyc and Gb' @entity40937 are rhythmically controlled and that under abundant expression of Gb'cyc the rhythmic expression of Gb' @entity40937 may be concealed.

title: The @entity16067 gene cycle plays an important role in the circadian XXXX of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity16067 :: (9575,Gene) :: ['clock']


abstract: @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) have been shown to modulate the activity of ionic channels by an unknown mechanism. Some channels are activated (i.e. certain delayed-rectifier, @entity972 channels) and others are inhibited (i.e. certain @entity460 , @entity1372 and other @entity972 channels). We have previously demonstrated that @entity5204 can act as electron carriers. It is known that ionic channels can be redox modulated. The ability of @entity1718 to serve as electron shuttling agents is proportional to their unsaturation. These @entity5204 cause reduction of @entity1525 through a @entity224 radical-independent mechanism, probably related to enhanced electron delocalization. The present study shows that there is a strong correlation between the ability of a @entity5204 to transfer an electron to a @entity1520 and its reported ability to modulate ionic channels. This suggests that electron transfer could be the mechanism of @entity5204 action on particular ionic channels.

title: Accelerated XXXX reduction with @entity1474 : a mechanism of ionic channel modulation?

entities_list: @entity1525 :: ('MESH:D004220', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfides']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1520 :: (CHEBI:48343,Chemical) :: ['disulfide']


abstract: @entity2065 is the most common dislocation in the body. Various methods of anesthesia are available for reduction. The objective of this study was to compare the application of intra-articular anesthesia with intravenous anesthesia for reduction of @entity2065 . This study was conducted at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (KMCTH) and Kathmandu Hospital and comprised of @entity1 coming with anterior dislocation of shoulder from July 2001 to June 2005. Forty-five @entity1 aged 17-55 years with no associated @entity174 of adjoining bones were included in the study. In twenty-three @entity1 , reduction was done using intra-articular anesthesia and in 22 @entity1 intravenous anesthesia was given. In five @entity1 (three in intra-articular group and two in intravenous group) the reduction technique had to be changed to the Hippocratic method. In these three @entity1 intravenous anesthesia had to be given after intra-articular anesthesia failed to relieve @entity158 and @entity2473 . In the intravenous group two @entity1 had to be admitted overnight while in the intra-articular group none had to be admitted to the hospital. However, in the intra-articular group the average time taken from injection to reduction was significantly longer (<.001). The use of intra-articular @entity3303 for @entity26906 dislocation is safe and effective especially when @entity1 present early. In @entity1 presenting late (more than 5 hours) intravenous anesthesia should be primarily considered as the method for shoulder reduction.

title: Reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocations: comparing intraarticular XXXX with intravenous anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity26906 :: ('MESH:D020069', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of shoulder']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['acute anterior shoulder dislocation', 'Anterior shoulder dislocation']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lignocaine']


abstract: @entity2600 unexpectedly causes severe @entity137 of @entity1431 or @entity294 . @entity2600 is metabolized to form active @entity2600 , which is further conjugated and detoxified by @entity858 -glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 enzyme. Genetic polymorphisms of the @entity6912 would affect an interindividual variation of the @entity137 by @entity2600 via the alternation of bioavailability of @entity2600 . In this case-control study, retrospective review of clinical records and determination of @entity6912 polymorphisms were performed to investigate whether a @entity1 with the variant @entity6912 genotypes would be at higher risk for severe @entity137 by @entity2600 . All @entity1 previously received @entity2600 against @entity5 in university hospitals, @entity5 centers, or large urban hospitals in Japan. We identified 26 @entity1 who experienced severe @entity137 and 92 @entity1 who did not. The relationship was studied between the multiple variant genotypes ( @entity6912 *28 in the promoter and @entity6912 *6, @entity6912 *27, @entity6912 *29, and @entity6912 *7 in the coding region) and the severe @entity137 of grade 4 @entity1431 (< or =0.9 x 10(9)/liter) and/or grade 3 (watery for 5 days or more) or grade 4 ( @entity548 or @entity2700 ) @entity294 . Of the 26 @entity1 with the severe @entity137 , the genotypes of @entity6912 *28 were homozygous in 4 (15%) and heterozygous in 8 (31%), whereas 3 (3%) homozygous and 10 (11%) heterozygous were found among the 92 @entity1 without the severe @entity137 . Multivariate analysis suggested that the genotype either heterozygous or homozygous for @entity6912 *28 would be a significant risk factor for severe @entity137 by @entity2600 (P < 0.001; odds ratio, 7.23; 95% confidence interval, 2.52-22.3). All 3 @entity1 heterozygous for @entity6912 *27 encountered severe @entity137 . No statistical association of @entity6912 *6 with the occurrence of severe @entity137 was observed. None had @entity6912 *29 or @entity6912 *7. We suggest that determination of the @entity6912 genotypes might be clinically useful for predicting severe @entity137 by @entity2600 in @entity5 @entity1 . This research warrants a prospective trial to corroborate the usefulness of gene diagnosis of @entity6912 polymorphisms prior tb @entity2600 chemotherapy.

title: Polymorphisms of @entity858 -glucuronosyltransferase gene and XXXX @entity137 : a pharmacogenetic analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'SN-38', 'irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity706 and @entity706 (OL and OAL) constitute 7-8% of all @entity706 . OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of OAL seen in our hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of @entity1 records with OL and OAL between July 1994 and July 2005. The following data was analyzed: Clinical presentation, therapy, treatment response, overall survival and disease free survival. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 with OL and OAL were identified. Of these, 8 were @entity1 and 2 @entity1 . Median age was 50. Eight of 10 @entity1 achieved complete remission, 6 of the 6 presenting @entity1074 . Two @entity1 with stage IV had refractory disease. CONCLUSIONS: In our series 0.02% of @entity706 were OL and OAL of a total 498 LNH. @entity1074 appear at a more advanced age, sixty percent of the cases were @entity1074 and were diagnosed during their early stages. @entity1 were followed during 21 months, global survival was 100%, free illness survival had a mean of 868 days and a survival median of 442 days.

title: [Ten year experience with @entity706 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT Lymphoma', 'MALT lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'Ocular lymphomas', 'extranodal lymphomas', 'ocular adnexae lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['ocular adnexae lymphomas']


abstract: @entity1995 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling is critical in the pathophysiology of a variety of inflammatory processes. Leukocyte recruitment to the site of @entity32 is a multistep process governed by specific signalling cascades. After adhesion in the lumen, many leukocytes crawl to optimal sites at endothelial junctions and transmigrate to extravascular tissue in a @entity3804 -dependent manner. The signalling mechanisms that regulate postadhesion steps of intraluminal crawling, transmigration, and @entity6722 in tissue remain incompletely understood. The present study explored the effect of @entity1995 inhibitor @entity1441 on various parameters of neutrophil recruitment triggered by chemokine KC ( @entity15891 ) gradient. Neutrophil-endothelial interactions in microvasculature of @entity19 cremaster muscle were determined using intravital microscopy and time-lapsed video analysis. @entity1441 (100 nM) did not change leukocyte rolling but significantly attenuated neutrophil adhesion, emigration, and transmigration and impaired the initiation of neutrophil crawling and transmigration. In response to KC chemotactic gradient, @entity1441 significantly reduced the velocity of migration and @entity6722 index of neutrophils in tissue. The upregulation of @entity3804 expression in neutrophils stimulated by KC was significantly blunted by @entity1441 in vitro. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that pharmacological suppression of @entity1995 significantly impairs multiple steps of neutrophil recruitment in vivo.

title: Pharmacological inhibition of XXXX mitogen-activated protein kinases affects KC/ @entity15891 -induced intraluminal crawling, transendothelial migration, and @entity6722 of neutrophils in vivo.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

answer: @entity1995 :: (26416(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: Different repair processes affect the clinical course of nontraumatic avascular femoral @entity135 , not just @entity39 size and location. Fourteen femoral heads were retrieved at total hip arthroplasty after core decompression treatment, or after conservative treatment was done on 13 male @entity1 diagnosed with different stages of femoral @entity135 . To determine repair types, features of coronal magnetic resonance images were correlated with light microscopy findings on corresponding coronal undecalcified sections and microradiographs of the retrieved femoral heads. In five femoral heads, repair of @entity39 bone and marrow remained restricted to the reactive interface for as many as 63 months, producing the diagnostic osteosclerotic rim with adjacent hypervascularity (limited repair). Nine femoral heads showed extension of the repair process into the @entity39 . In five femoral heads, predominant resorption of @entity39 bone led to femoral head breakdown within 2 to 50 months (destructive repair). In four femoral heads, reparative bone formation had started from subchondral @entity174 and/or the reactive interface, definitely reducing the size of the @entity39 area (reconstructive repair). In the latter, the disease progressed slowly or stopped for as many as 45 months, irrespective of treatments, but elimination of risk factors seemed beneficial. Although core decompression did not always reach the @entity39 area and improve repair, it reduced accompanying @entity236 and could delay the disease progress. @entity2530 with limited repair can be identified on magnetic resonance images obtained at followup, but the similar signal changes of destructive and reconstructive repair cannot be distinguished on magnetic resonance images alone. The evidence of reconstructive repair in nontraumatic @entity2530 , however, gives hope for treatments that can improve repair to a sufficient creeping substitution of the affected femoral head.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging and histology of repair in femoral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis', 'necrotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis', 'osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head osteonecrosis']