abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity9498 , a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, has an extended period of effectiveness, up to 36 hours, for the treatment of @entity323 ( @entity323 ). Changes in behavior of long-term @entity7855 users were evaluated by assessing time of dose relative to sexual intercourse attempts during treatment with @entity7855 and @entity9498 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This open-label study was conducted in @entity1 with @entity323 and a history of >or=6-week prior @entity7855 use in Australia, New Zealand, Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America. @entity1 continued @entity7855 treatment for 4 weeks, then switched to @entity9498 for 8 weeks. Timing of sexual intercourse attempt relative to dose was assessed through @entity1 diaries for the final 4 weeks of each treatment period. @entity1 continued their treatment of choice in an extension period. RESULTS: A total of 2,760 @entity1 (mean age 54.4 years) with a median duration of prior @entity7855 use of 474 days were enrolled. Significant increases in median time from dose to intercourse attempt were observed when changing treatment from @entity7855 (1.21 hours) to @entity9498 (3.25 hours; P < 0.001). Fifty-nine percent of intercourse attempts were within 4 hours of dosing when @entity1 were treated with @entity9498 (88% with @entity7855 ). The proportion of intercourse attempts per @entity1 made >4 hours after dose was considerably higher during the @entity9498 than during the @entity7855 assessment period. Similar daily cycles of frequency of dosing and intercourse attempts were observed in all study periods and were characterized by a small peak in the morning and a large peak in the evening. When changing treatment to @entity9498 , @entity1 administered the drug earlier in the day and over a broader period of time. CONCLUSION: Following the dosing instructions reflecting @entity9498 's extended period of effectiveness, @entity1 with a history of established @entity7855 use changed their dose-attempt behavior when treated with @entity9498 .

title: Timing of dose relative to sexual intercourse attempt in previous XXXX users treated with @entity9498 .

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'sildenafil citrate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity9498 :: ('MESH:C429886', 'Chemical') :: ['tadalafil', 'Tadalafil']

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['sildenafil citrate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity174 of the midfoot are uncommon. Improved outcomes have been demonstrated where it has been possible to restore and maintain the length and alignment of the medial column as well as the congruity of the articular surfaces. We present our experience with the use of angle-stable locking plates in the stabilisation of complex midfoot @entity174 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1 were identified on a prospective @entity130 database between 2003 and 2009. All @entity174 involved the medial column with four associated @entity174 subluxations of the lateral column also. @entity1 underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with restoration of the medial column axis, reduction of the articular surface congruity and stabilisation with angle-stable locking plates. RESULTS: There were no post-operative infections or @entity16 . Ten of the twelve @entity1 required metalwork removal. There were no implant failures prior to removal of the metalwork. At a mean follow-up of 12.4 months (range: 4-32 months), 11 @entity1 had minimal symptoms of @entity4 , discomfort or stiffness in the midfoot. This did not restrict their daily activities. One @entity1 developed post-traumatic @entity625 and collapse of the medial longitudinal arch. Two @entity1 declined removal of the metalwork. CONCLUSIONS: Angle-stable locking plates provide satisfactory stabilisation following ORIF of complex midfoot @entity174 . Most @entity1 will require removal of the metalwork. Following removal of metalwork, the majority of @entity1 will maintain the length, alignment and stability of the midfoot.

title: The use of locking plates in complex midfoot XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'fracture dislocations', 'Complex fracture dislocations']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: A series of 50 consecutive @entity1 with @entity91 is reported. All were treated surgically; 43 were male, 47 were leukodermic and two are siblings. In the pre-operative examination, the head shape, skull measurements and radiologic findings were evaluated; 38 @entity1 were operated on before six months of age and 12 of them, between six and 12 months of age. The surgical technique used was a wide biparietal craniectomy. Blood transfusions were occasional, being necessary for only six (12%) @entity1 . The @entity1 were admitted at the day of surgery and discharged between the second and third post-operative day. No local or general complications were observed and no one died. The aesthetic result was considered good. The altered skull measurements before surgery reached normalization as far as the end of the first year after the treatment. It may be concluded that wide biparietal craniectomy is a procedure of great effectiveness in the treatment of the premature fusions of the sagittal suture.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['premature sagittal synostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['premature sagittal synostosis']


abstract: @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is frequently used for nontransplant indications such as @entity792 . Unfortunately, side effects such as @entity8 and @entity101 are frequently described in spite of close monitoring with @entity870 trough levels. The purpose of the present prospective cohort study was to use the @entity870 level obtained 6 h after the morning dose (T6) for @entity870 dose adjustment and its impact on observed side effects in 11 @entity1 (44+/-17 years) treated with @entity870 for @entity792 . @entity1 were monitored for @entity870 -related side effects at each outpatient visit, including blood pressure measurement, @entity870 trough and T6 levels and routine laboratory tests. Changes in blood pressure and biochemical parameters were compared to the previous visit (n = 244) and a change >30% was considered significant. Significant changes in monitored variables were observed in the following percentage of visits: @entity551 (1.2), serum @entity1011 (6.1), @entity972 (0.8), and @entity414 (6.3), and a decrease in @entity1760 (0.5). At the end of follow-up (20+/-12.5 months), @entity870 dose was reduced from 4.8+/-1.1 to 3.5+/-1 mg/kg/day (p = 0.004); serum @entity1011 , @entity972 , @entity414 , hemoglobin, total @entity165 , effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate did not differ from baseline. Alkaline phosphatase increased from 63+/-19 to 82+/-21 U/l(p = 0.04) and @entity1760 decreased from 0.85+/-0.1 to 0.75+/-0.1 mmol/l (p = 0.02). Transient @entity101 and reversible @entity8 was seen in 2 @entity1 , respectively. In conclusion, @entity870 monitoring according to T6 levels may allow a lower @entity870 dose than the one usually recommended and reduce the incidence of side effects in @entity1 with @entity792 .

title: XXXX dose adjustment using levels obtained six hours after the morning dose: effect on side effects in @entity1 with @entity792 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['increases in systolic/diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5902 ( @entity5902 ) (Spring Catarrh) is a chronic, seasonally exacerbated bilateral external @entity32 which causes a lot of ocular discomfort to @entity1 and young adults and, in severe or poorly managed cases, can even lead to @entity1939 . OBJECTIVES: To determine age/sex distribution, seasonal pattern, and frequency of clinical features. METHODOLOGY: A review of medical records of @entity1 who presented with @entity5902 between January 2001 - December 2006. RESULTS: A total of 148 @entity1 ' records were reviewed. There was male preponderance with a Male to Female ratio of 1.27:1, and higher frequency in @entity1 less than 10 yrs was observed. A trimodal peak pattern (January-February, April-July and September-October) was seen. Itching was the most common symptom and brownish conjunctival discolouration, the most common sign. CONCLUSION: This study is in agreement with previous findings of male preponderance and the tendency for the condition to affect @entity1 and young adults. It also detected an increase in number of cases in periods of seasonal changes from dry to wet. The necessity of @entity1 ' being assessed by an ophthalmologist was highlighted as several @entity1 had been treated with antibiotics solely, which is insufficient for control of the condition.

title: XXXX at Guinness Eye Centre, Luth (a five year study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5902 :: ('MESH:D003233', 'Disease') :: ['VKC', 'Vernal keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

answer: @entity5902 :: (MESH:D003233,Disease) :: ['Vernal keratoconjunctivitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity454 is associated with reduced heart rate variability (HRV), components of which generally are associated with advanced age, @entity6 and @entity4346 . We hypothesized that daily in-center hemodialysis (HD) would increase HRV. METHODS: The Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Daily Trial randomized 245 @entity1 to receive 12 months of six versus three times per week in-center HD. Two hundred and seven @entity1 had baseline Holter recordings. HRV measures were calculated from 24-h Holter electrocardiograms at both baseline and 12 months in 131 @entity1 and included @entity4365 ( @entity4365 , a measure of sympathetic modulation), high-frequency power (HF, a measure of parasympathetic modulation) and standard deviation (SD) of the R-R interval (SDNN, a measure of beat-to-beat variation). RESULTS: Baseline to Month 12 change in @entity4365 was augmented by 50% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 6.1-112%, P =0.022] and @entity4365 + HF was augmented by 40% (95% CI 3.3-88.4%, P = 0.03) in @entity1 assigned to @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) compared with conventional HD. Changes in HF and SDNN were similar between the randomized groups. The effects of @entity2794 on @entity4365 were attenuated by advanced age and @entity6 (predefined subgroups). Changes in HF (r = -0.20, P = 0.02) and SDNN (r = -0.18, P = 0.04) were inversely associated with changes in @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2794 increased the @entity4365 component of HRV. Reduction of @entity1002 by @entity2794 was associated with increased vagal modulation of heart rate (HF) and with increased beat-to-beat heart rate variation (SDNN), suggesting an important functional correlate to the structural effects of @entity2794 on the heart in @entity5507 .

title: Effects of XXXX on heart rate variability: results from the Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Daily Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['daily hemodialysis', 'DHD']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['low-frequency power', 'LF']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVM', 'left ventricular mass']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['daily hemodialysis']


abstract: A monoclonal antibody (MoAB) has been developed which reacts with a previously unidentified hematopoietic cell surface protein called MKW. This MoAB (anti-MKW) does not cluster with antibodies in any of the known cluster groups of differentiation. Blast cell expression of MKW was studied in 196 consecutively diagnosed @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ), 69 @entity1 with previously untreated @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and four @entity1 with secondary @entity3052 . MKW expression, clinical, laboratory and cytogenetic features at diagnosis, and treatment response and duration were examined for significant correlations. MKW was expressed on blasts from 12.8% of @entity1 with @entity981 and 24.6% of @entity1 with de novo @entity3052 . The expression of MKW appears to be more common in @entity1 with secondary @entity3052 (three of four) than de novo @entity3052 (17 of 69). In @entity1 with @entity3052 , the expression of MKW was correlated with an elevated initial leukocyte count (p = 0.0005) and poorer disease-free survival (p = 0.04). In @entity1 with @entity981 , the expression of MKW was associated with a lower hemoglobin level (p less than 0.05) and a lower complete remission rate (p = 0.02). At a median follow-up of 4.6 years @entity981 @entity1 with greater than or equal to 50% MKW+ blasts had a poorer event-free survival (EFS) than both MKW+ @entity1 with 25-49% positive blasts (p = 0.03) and MKW+ @entity1 (p = 0.0001). The disease-free survival was also poorer for @entity981 @entity1 with greater than or equal to 50% MKW+ blasts (p = 0.02). In Cox regression analysis, the expression of MKW had an independent prognostic significance in @entity1 with @entity981 . As MKW is a unique cell surface antigen and its expression has prognostic significance in @entity3052 in @entity1 , further study in a larger series of @entity1 is warranted.

title: Expression of a novel surface antigen MKW in childhood XXXX has prognostic significance.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemias', 'acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) enhance @entity32 by increasing in vivo IgE and cytokine production in the @entity1 upper respiratory mucosa. CC chemokines have been shown to play an important role in @entity32 . We examined whether DEP could alter the production of CC chemokines by cells residing in the @entity1 nasal mucosa. At both 6 and 24 h following intranasal DEP challenge, the levels of nasal @entity5737 , @entity10557 , and @entity7721 were significantly elevated compared to baseline. In contrast, DEP did not enhance levels of Eotaxin at any time, demonstrating that the action of DEP was not simply a global effect on all CC chemokines. Challenge with saline resulted in no significant change in expression of any chemokine at any time. Challenge with DEP also resulted in an increase in total cell counts in nasal lavage fluids. Increases in lymphocyte, monocyte/macrophage, and neutrophil cells were observed but there was no change in eosinophil cell numbers. In contrast, there was a significant enhancement of ECP protein levels in washes performed 6 to 24 h after DEP challenge. Elevated specific nasal chemokine expression following exposure to DEP likely participates in the @entity32 , cellular infiltration, and increase in IgE observed in the absence of allergen.

title: In vivo nasal challenge with diesel exhaust particles enhances expression of the CC chemokines XXXX , @entity10557 , and @entity7721 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'allergic inflammation']

answer: @entity5737 :: (6352,Gene) :: ['rantes']


abstract: The impact of @entity3190 on the establishment of insulin resistance was investigated. This was done by treating normal @entity35 with insulin for 3-4 days via osmotic minipumps, and by comparing them with saline-treated controls. @entity3190 produced by prior insulin treatment (i.e. prior insulinization of the normal @entity35 ) resulted in a well tolerated @entity4053 , @entity1017 . @entity1717 were carried out at the end of the insulinization to assess the acute effects of insulin in control and insulinized @entity35 . It was found that prior insulinization of normal @entity35 resulted in increases in total insulin-stimulated @entity413 utilization and hepatic lipogenesis, while hepatic @entity413 production (HGP) was normally suppressed by the hormone. @entity413 utilization index by individual tissues was then measured (labelled @entity897 method). Prior insulinization of normal @entity35 resulted in increased insulin-stimulated @entity413 utilization index of white adipose tissue, accompanied by increased insulin-stimulated de novo lipogenesis and glycogen synthesis. In contrast, prior insulinization of normal @entity35 resulted in a decreased insulin-stimulated @entity413 utilization index of most muscles studied. The decreased insulin-stimulated muscle @entity413 utilization index brought about by prior insulinization persisted in adrenomedullectomized or @entity1169 -treated @entity35 , ruling out a role of @entity2661 in the effects observed. It is concluded that @entity3190 is a pathological driving force in producing both incipient @entity28 by overstimulating white adipose tissue and liver metabolic activity, and concomitantly producing incipient muscle insulin resistance.

title: XXXX and its impact on @entity28 and insulin resistance.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['increased food intake and body weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxy-D-glucose']

answer: @entity3190 :: (MESH:D006946,Disease) :: ['Hyperinsulinemia']


abstract: From June 1986 to September 1996, 56(30%) @entity1 with invasive @entity4611 were studied retrospectively. We compared the clinical and endocrinological characteristics, neuroimaging findings, and surgical outcome of these @entity1 in a period of follow up of 5 years. Twenty-one @entity1 (38%) were found to have a @entity2013 , 8 @entity1 (14%) had a GH-producing @entity652 , and 27 @entity1 (48%) had @entity5 . Pituitary apoplexy was found in 16 cases (29%). Their age ranged from 15 to 72 years and no sex difference (F:M = 27:29) was found. According to Hardy's classification, all the 56 @entity5 were invasive @entity4611 , of a @entity5 size more than 10 mm with sellar floor erosion partially or diffusely or @entity3 . Those @entity5 were divided into grade III ( @entity5 causing localized perforation of the sellar floor), and IV ( @entity5 destroying entire sellar floor diffusely); the @entity5 were further subdivided into stage C (3rd ventricle grossly displaced), D (intracranial intradural extension) and E ( @entity5 invading the cavernous sinus through the lateral dural envelope of the sellar). Eight out of 56 @entity5 belonged to grade III stage C, 18 @entity5 were grade III stage D, 8 @entity5 were grade IV stage D, and the other 22 were grade IV stage E. Fifty-one @entity1 received transsphenoidal craniectomy for @entity5 removal, one @entity1 took subfrontal craniotomy only and 4 cases received both. Most @entity1 improved significantly in visual field and general quality of life after surgery. In this study, it was concluded that: 1) surgical intervention as quick as possible was proven advantageous, especially in @entity1 with an invasive macroadenoma; 2) in cases with invasive @entity4611 , the @entity1 , with grade III and IV @entity5 , had a longer symptom-free interval than those who refused surgical intervention and radiotherapy with the same grade @entity5 ; 3) to achieve satisfactory late results, multidisciplinary treatment was necessary: post-operative radiotherapy ranging from 4500 to 6500 rads was done in 50 @entity1 , endocrine therapy in 52 @entity1 and adjunct @entity2847 treatment was done in 13 @entity1 with @entity2013 ; 4) symptomatic recurrence or elevated postoperative hormone levels occurred in 20(35%) cases. There was a high incidence of recurrence in 6(6/20) GH-secreting @entity5 , and in 8(8/20) @entity2013 with preoperative prolactin levels more than 200 eta g/dl.

title: Follow-up of invasive XXXX in 56 @entity1 within a duration of 5 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma', 'prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-functional tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenoma', 'pituitary macroadenomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['paracarvenous sinus invasion']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['pituitary macroadenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal way in which to organise and deliver care to @entity1 with @entity101 has not been clearly identified. AIM: To determine the effectiveness of educational and organisational strategies used to improve control of blood pressure. DESIGN OF STUDY: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). METHOD: Quantitative pooling of RCT data on @entity1 with @entity101 that evaluated the following interventions: (1) self monitoring, (2) educational interventions directed to the @entity1 , (3) educational interventions directed to the health professional, (4) health professional (nurse or pharmacist) led care, (5) organizational interventions that aimed to improve the delivery of care, (6) appointment reminder systems. RESULTS: Fifty-six RCTs met our inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of included studies was variable. An organised system of regular review allied to vigorous antihypertensive drug therapy was shown to reduce blood pressure ( @entity353 -8.2/-4.2mmHg, -11.7/-6.5mmHg, -10.6/-7.6mmHg for three strata of entry blood pressure) and all-cause mortality at 5 years follow-up (6.4% versus 7.8%, difference 1.4%) in a single large RCT (the @entity101 Detection and Follow-up study). Other interventions had variable effects. Self-monitoring was associated with moderate net @entity551 , @entity353 ( @entity353 ): -2.03 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -2.7 to -1.4 mmHg. Educational interventions directed towards physicians were associated with small reductions in systolic blood pressure ( @entity353 ) -2.0mmHg, 95% CI = -3.5 to -0.6mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ( @entity353 ) -0.4mmHg, 95% CI -1.1 to 0.3mmHg. CONCLUSIONS: General practices and community-based clinics need to have an organised system of regular follow-up and review of their @entity101 patients. Antihypertensive drug therapy should be implemented by means of a vigorous stepped care approach when @entity1 do not reach target blood pressure levels. These findings have important implications for recommendations concerning implementation of structured delivery of care in @entity101 guidelines.

title: Educational and organisational interventions used to improve the management of XXXX in primary care: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: There is growing evidence of partial etiological overlap between @entity161 ( @entity161 ) and @entity162 ( @entity162 ) from linkage analysis, genetic epidemiology and molecular genetics studies. @entity161 and @entity162 are @entity245 with genetic and environmental etiologies. Recent studies have demonstrated that @entity1549 ( @entity1549 ) is a key event in associative memory formation, learning and synaptic plasticity, which are important in @entity146 . In the light of these findings, we analyzed the genetic variations in the @entity1549 -1171 5A/6A in @entity1 with @entity161 , @entity1 with @entity162 and healthy controls. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association of variation in gene encoding @entity1549 with @entity161 . Our study group consisted of 111 unrelated @entity1 with @entity161 , 141 unrelated @entity1 with @entity162 , and 121 unrelated healthy controls. The frequencies of 6A6A genotype and 6A allele distributions of @entity1549 in @entity1 with @entity161 were significantly decreased when compared with controls. In contrast, in @entity1 with @entity161 , the distributions of 5A5A genotype and 5A allele of @entity1549 gene were significantly increased as compared with healthy controls. When the frequencies of genotypes or alleles in @entity161 @entity1 and @entity162 @entity1 were compared, 6A6A genotype and 6A allele in @entity1 with @entity162 were significantly higher than @entity1 with @entity161 . In contrast, 5A5A genotype and 5A allele distributions of @entity1549 gene were significantly frequent in @entity1 with @entity161 . On the other hand, no significant differences were found in the allele or genotype distribution in @entity1 with @entity162 compared with controls. In conclusion, our data have supported the hypothesis that there is a possible relationship between -1171 5A/6A polymorphism of @entity1549 gene and @entity161 . A larger sample group is needed to confirm the potential role of this gene in the pathophysiology of @entity146 .

title: Do @entity161 and @entity162 share a common disease susceptibility variant at the XXXX gene?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['BD-I', 'bipolar I disorder', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1549 :: ('4314', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 3', 'MMP3']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'SZ']

answer: @entity1549 :: (4314,Gene) :: ['MMP3']


abstract: AIMS: To report the 6-year incidence of, and risk factors for, @entity65 ( @entity65 ), either @entity301 or @entity64 , in previously hospitalized African-Americans with @entity6 . METHODS: African-Americans (n = 483) with @entity164 1 @entity6 were re-examined as part of a 6-year follow-up. At both visits, @entity1 underwent a structured clinical interview, which included history of either @entity301 or @entity64 , ocular examination and masked grading of seven stereoscopic fundus photographs, blood pressure measurements, and administration of the Beck Depression Inventory. Biological measurements included blood and urine assays. RESULTS: Of the 483 @entity1 who had a 6-year follow-up, 449 had no evidence of @entity65 at the baseline examination. Of these 449 @entity1 , 51 (11.4%) developed any @entity65 -42 (9.3%) @entity301 and 14 (3.1%) a @entity64 . Six-year incidence of any @entity65 was significantly associated with older age (P < 0.0001) and longer duration of @entity6 (P < 0.0001) at baseline. Multiple logistic regression showed that baseline older age, higher body mass index, higher diastolic blood pressure, @entity644 , @entity989 severity and being depressed were significant and independent risk factors for incidence of any @entity65 . CONCLUSION: Six-year incidence of @entity65 is high in previously hospitalized African-Americans with @entity164 1 @entity6 . Risk factors appear to include older age, higher body mass index, higher diastolic blood pressure, @entity644 , @entity989 severity and @entity308 .

title: Risk factors for @entity301 and @entity64 in previously hospitalized African-Americans with XXXX 1 @entity6 : a 6-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Type 1 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: The study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of the 6-minute walk test in stable outpatients with @entity712 . We prospectively studied 43 @entity1 (6 @entity1 and 37 @entity1 ) who had chronic @entity712 secondary to @entity63 @entity299 or @entity296 . All @entity1 had @entity1002 (ejection fraction, < or = 0.40), and they were in stable New York Heart Association functional class II or III @entity712 . All @entity1 were evaluated by M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography. At the outset, walking distances of all the @entity1 were evaluated by the 6-minute walk test. The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: Group I, @entity1 with a 6-minute walk test distance of < or = 300 m; and Group II, @entity1 with a 6-minute walk test distance of > 300 m. The @entity1 were then monitored for a period of 2 years in regard to @entity204 . The mortality rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with a 6-minute walk test distance of < or = 300 m than in @entity1 with a 6-minute walk test distance of > 300 m (79% vs 7%; P <0.001). The death risk was found to be significantly higher in @entity1 with a distance of < or = 300 m (P=0.005). The death risk was also higher in @entity1 whose left ventricular ejection fraction was < or = 0.30 (P=0.02). We conclude that a 6-minute walk test distance of < or = 300 m is a simple and useful prognostic marker of subsequent @entity204 in @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity712 .

title: Prognostic value of 6-minute walk test in stable outpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Store-operated @entity141 entry (SOCE) is a main @entity141 influx pathway controlling the intracellular @entity141 concentration in normal hepatocytes and @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cells. @entity141 influx has been demonstrated to be involved in liver oncogenesis. @entity7010 acts as a sensor for the level of @entity141 stored in the endoplasmic reticulum, and @entity7011 protein constitutes the pore-forming subunit of the store-operated channels. Recently, @entity7010 and @entity7011 were found critical for @entity0 cell migration and @entity3 . However, the effects of @entity141 influx pathway on migration and @entity3 have not been studied in @entity157 . Here, we found that @entity7010 had a higher expression in @entity157 tissues than in precancerous tissues of the same @entity1 . In general, STIM expression is elevated in @entity157 cell lines compared to a normal hepatocyte cell line. @entity157 - @entity1 cell, which has a higher migration ability, expresses five times higher level of STIM than other @entity157 cell lines. @entity7010 could then be explored as a prognostic marker to screen @entity96 @entity1 with high metastatic potential. Inhibition of SOCE and @entity7010 enhance focal adhesions and decrease the focal adhesion turnover, suggesting the therapeutic potential of SOCE and @entity7010 as new molecular targets for metastatic @entity157 .

title: Blockade of store-operated XXXX entry inhibits hepatocarcinoma cell migration and invasion by regulating focal adhesion turnover.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity7010 :: ('6786', 'Gene') :: ['Stromal interacting molecule (STIM) 1', 'STIM1']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper was to assess the reliability of surgeons' decision-making in @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) based on @entity1 photographs and clinical and radiographic data. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Orthopedic spine surgeons rated severity of @entity85 as the most important surgical consideration in @entity1615 . However, studies have shown that surgeon reliability is highly variable when rating physical @entity85 . Surgeons' unreliable ratings of @entity1 ' physical @entity85 may lead to inconsistent decision-making. METHODS: Four pediatric spine surgeons viewed 40 @entity1 with varying severity of @entity1615 on three occasions, 2 weeks apart. In the first viewing, surgeons viewed only @entity1 photos and body image scores. In the second viewing, surgeons viewed @entity1 photos, body image scores, and clinical data. In the third viewing, surgeons viewed @entity1 photos, body image scores, a 3-ft anteroposterior spinal radiograph, and corresponding radiographic data. After viewing each @entity1 , surgeons were asked if: 1) spinal fusion with or without thoracoplasty would improve the @entity1 's appearance; and 2) whether they would recommend this @entity1 for spinal fusion with or without thoracoplasty. RESULTS: Surgeons' concordance in recommending @entity1 for surgery and if they thought it would improve their appearance varied widely with kappa scores ranging from poor (0.34) to good (0.76). Recommendations for surgery were more consistent with the addition of radiographs but were not influenced by @entity1 ' body image perceptions. Surgeons' recommendations for surgery were also inconsistent with treatment actually received with overall kappa scores ranging from poor (0.32) to good (0.73). CONCLUSION: @entity954 -making for @entity1615 is inconsistent.

title: XXXX making in @entity1615 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical decision']

answer: @entity954 :: (MESH:D016063,Disease) :: ['Surgical decision']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity385 as observed in follow-up CT is an important radiologic outcome measure of the effectiveness of treatment of @entity1 with acute @entity385 . However, manual measurement of @entity4609 is time-consuming and operator-dependent. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a robust automated measurement of the @entity4609 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity4609 in early follow-up CT images of 34 consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity385 was segmented with an automated intensity-based region-growing algorithm, which includes partial volume effect correction near the skull, midline determination, and ventricle and @entity548 exclusion. Two observers manually delineated the @entity4609 . Interobserver variability of the manual assessments and the accuracy of the automated method were evaluated by using the Pearson correlation, Bland-Altman analysis, and Dice coefficients. The accuracy was defined as the correlation with the manual assessment as a reference standard. RESULTS: The Pearson correlation for the automated method compared with the reference standard was similar to the manual correlation (R = 0.98). The accuracy of the automated method was excellent with a mean difference of 0.5 mL with limits of agreement of -38.0-39.1 mL, which were more consistent than the interobserver variability of the 2 observers (-40.9-44.1 mL). However, the Dice coefficients were higher for the manual delineation. CONCLUSIONS: The automated method showed a strong correlation and accuracy with the manual reference measurement. This approach has the potential to become the standard in assessing the infarct volume as a secondary outcome measure for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment.

title: Automated @entity385 in follow-up noncontrast CT scans of @entity1 with acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Cerebral infarct volume']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Ventricular pacing leads to a dilated @entity121 in which cell @entity204 and myocyte @entity1184 predominate. Because @entity7774 II (Ang II) stimulates myocyte growth and triggers apoptosis, we tested whether @entity235 myocytes express the components of the @entity1122 - @entity7774 system (RAS) and whether the local RAS is upregulated with @entity712 . @entity22089 modulates transcription of angiotensinogen (Aogen) and @entity1129 (1) receptors in myocytes, raising the possibility that enhanced @entity22089 function in the decompensated heart potentiates Ang II synthesis and Ang II-mediated responses. Therefore, the presence of mRNA transcripts for Aogen, @entity1122 , @entity7774 -converting enzyme, chymase, and @entity1129 (1) and @entity1129 (2) receptors was evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in myocytes. Changes in the protein expression of these genes were then determined by Western blot in myocytes from control @entity235 and @entity235 affected by @entity712 . @entity22089 binding to the promoter of Aogen and @entity1129 (1) receptor was also determined. Ang II in myocytes was measured by ELISA and by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Myocytes expressed mRNAs for all the constituents of RAS, and @entity712 was characterized by increased @entity22089 DNA binding to Aogen and @entity1129 (1). Additionally, protein levels of Aogen, @entity1122 , @entity19664 , @entity7774 -converting enzyme, and @entity1129 (1) were markedly increased in paced myocytes. Conversely, chymase and @entity1129 (2) proteins were not altered. Ang II quantity and labeling of myocytes increased significantly with @entity299 . In conclusion, @entity235 myocytes synthesize Ang II, and activation of @entity22089 function with ventricular pacing upregulates the myocyte RAS and the generation and secretion of Ang II. Ang II may promote myocyte growth and @entity204 , contributing to the development of @entity712 .

title: @entity235 ventricular myocytes possess a @entity1122 - XXXX system that is upregulated with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac decompensation']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity7774 :: (MESH:D000809,Chemical) :: ['angiotensin']


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is induced by mechanical stress manifested by cartilage destruction with no or minimal involvement of the immune response as compared to that in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). This study is a trial to investigate the hypothesis that the immune response has a critical role in the pathogenesis of @entity571 . This work was performed on 2 groups of @entity1 : the first group included 20 primary @entity626 @entity1 and the second group included 18 @entity309 @entity1 as autoimmune controls. @entity1 of both groups were diagnosed according to the revised criteria of the American college of Rheumatology (ACR). All @entity1 were subjected to complete history taking, clinical examination, degree of severity of @entity571 , disease activity for @entity309 @entity1 and routine laboratory assays. Radiological examinations were done for the wrists, hands and both knees for both @entity309 and @entity571 @entity1 . Flow cytometric assessment of T cell (T helper, T cytotoxic), B cell, Natural killer cells and the @entity404 / @entity405 ratio in the peripheral blood (PB) was carried out for both groups. The results of this study showed no statistical difference between the two studied groups regarding the percentages of the different lymphocyte subsets. These findings reflect the similarity of immune cell profile in both @entity309 and @entity571 @entity1 , and raised the possibility that @entity854 cell and its subsets may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity571 , and predispose to chronic progressive immune response in the synovial membrane (SM) with cartilage destruction. Targeting the cascade that leads to abnormal immune response may open new avenues for treating @entity571 .

title: Lymphocytes subsets in @entity571 versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in T']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: We characterized the in vitro fusion of endosomal compartments from @entity4328 . Fusion activity was restricted to early compartments, was dependent on cytosolic proteins, and was activated by @entity3007 and @entity2164 ( @entity2164 ). This stimulation suggests the involvement of a small G protein, which we propose to be Rab7 on the basis of the strong inhibitory effect of anti-Rab7 antibodies. It is noteworthy that in the presence of @entity2164 , the concentration of @entity855 -Mg2+ could be reduced to less than 1 nM without loss of fusion activity. Under these conditions, competing residual @entity855 with @entity12865 - @entity1025 also failed to inhibit endosome fusion. The presence of an @entity855 -depleting system alone blocked fusion probably because endogenous @entity3007 was removed by coupling through NDP kinase. Moreover, whether @entity855 was present or not, @entity2164 -activated fusion was equally sensitive to anti-Rab7 antibodies or @entity8816 and was restricted to early compartments. These results show that soluble @entity855 -Mg2+ is not needed for endosome fusion. Since homotypic fusion of endosomes in @entity4328 has been shown to depend on the ATPase @entity8816 -sensitive factor (Lenhard, J. M., Mayorga, L. , and Stahl, P. D. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 1896-1903), the @entity377 exchange on the @entity8816 sensitive factor must take place before @entity2164 activation in this system.

title: In vitro reconstituted XXXX early endosome fusion is regulated by Rab7 but proceeds in the absence of @entity855 -Mg2+ from the bulk solution.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2164 :: ('MESH:D016244', 'Chemical') :: ["guanosine 5'-O(3-thio)triphosphate", 'GTPgammaS']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['D. discoideum', 'Dictyostelium discoideum']

entities_list: @entity12865 :: ('MESH:C022571', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate"]

answer: @entity4328 :: (44689,Species) :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum']


abstract: A 44-year-old @entity1 presenting with atypical @entity146 and hypokaliemia was diagnosed with @entity699 and treated in emergency by bilateral adrenalectomy. Endocrine investigations were suggestive of an ectopic adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) secretion, both at baseline (mean ACTH levels = 215 pg/mL, beta-lipotropic hormone = 2329 pg/mL; molar ratio > 5) and after pharmacodynamic testing (lack of inhibition of ACTH by @entity619 , blunted ACTH response to corticotropin releasing hormone). Ectopic ACTH secretion was investigated while pituitary ACTH secretion was suppressed by @entity619 . A paradoxical rise of ACTH from 384 to 717 pg/mL was observed after subcutaneous administration of 500 micrograms octreotide. @entity2 that remained occult for 7 years was only revealed by @entity2390 scintigraphy, despite annual chest tomodensitometric examinations. Right inferior lung lobectomy allowed allowed for removal of a 13 mm @entity5 corresponding to a @entity153 with positive immunostaining for ACTH. Mediastinal lymph nodes were histologically normal. Perioperative ACTH measurements, showing a more than 50% decrease from baseline at 15 minutes after @entity5 resection, were suggestive of @entity5 removal. This was confirmed 10 days postoperatively by undetectable ACTH levels and by a negative octreotide scintigraphy after surgery. This case report of an occult ACTH secreting @entity153 illustrates the diagnostic value of octreotide scintigraphy, and the prognostic value of perioperative ACTH measurements in such cases.

title: [ XXXX disclosing @entity153 : value of scintigraphy with octreotide].

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['maniac behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'complete tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['A right lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No reports have, to date, focused on the relationship between preoperative determination of the depth of invasion and @entity1600 . The present study, under the leadership of the Japanese @entity356 Association, was designed to form a basis for decision making in limited treatment for early @entity356 (EGC). METHODS: From eight major hospitals in Japan, 2672 @entity356 whose preoperative depth of invasion was mucosal(M-cancer), and 6209 EGCs, consisting of 3584 mucosal(m-) and 2625 @entity5 , were collected by questionnaire. All registered @entity1 underwent gastrectomy with D1 or more extensive lymphadenectomy between 1985 and 1998. RESULTS: The accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of depth of invasion of @entity5 was 80.2% (2144/2672). However, of the total of 2432 @entity5 in which no nodal involvement was observed intraoperatively (N0), histological examination of the resected specimens confirmed that @entity1600 was absent in 2353 (96.8%). The frequencies of @entity1600 in early gastric, m-, and sm- @entity5 were 8.9%, 2.5%, and 17.6%, respectively. Node involvement was associated with a higher frequency of undifferentiated than differentiated histology, as well as with greater @entity5 size. The incidences of @entity1600 in m- @entity5 with a diameter of less than 4 cm, and in sm- @entity5 with a diameter below 1 cm were 1.3% (37/2837) and 4.9% (4/82), respectively. These @entity3 rarely extended beyond the first tier. CONCLUSION: N0 and @entity5 , m- @entity5 less than 4 cm in diameter, and sm- @entity5 no larger than 1 cm in diameter may be appropriate indications for limited surgery.

title: Lymph node XXXX and preoperative diagnosis of depth of invasion in early @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal(sm-) cancers', 'cancers', 'M-cancers']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The implantable loop recorder (ILR) is a new diagnostic tool in cardiology for establishing the causes of unexplained @entity1163 in @entity1 where standard conventional tests, invasive tests included, have failed. The device is a diagnostic "pacemaker," surgically implanted underneath the skin of the chest, with leads attached to the case of the device, not requiring endovenous lead implantation. Heart rhythm is monitored continuously on the basis of an endless loop, up to a maximum period of 14 months. Recording is carried out either by applying an outside activator whenever symptoms occur, or automatically, according to a pre-set algorithm for @entity1168 , @entity591 , and/or @entity1167 detection. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present this new diagnostic method as well as our first experiences with its implementation. METHOD: We followed 5 @entity1 (3 male, 2 female, mean age: 46.4 +/- 19) who had ILRs ("Reveal Plus," Medtronic Inc., USA) implanted at our centre, over a period of 14 months (7.6 +/- 5.5), concentrating on their clinical course, symptom occurrence, and electronically monitored heart rhythm at the time of ILR auto activation and/or recordings triggered by outside activation whenever a @entity1 's symptoms were discernible. RESULTS: In three @entity1 , the ILR revealed @entity1163 aetiology by documenting heart rhythm at the time of its occurrence. In one @entity1 , involving a lethal outcome, the ILR was not explanted, so that the rhythm at the time of the @entity1163 , although assumed, remained undocumented. In one, most recently implanted @entity1 , follow-up is still in progress. CONCLUSION: The implantable loop recorder represents an important innovation and a step forward in establishing the causes of recurrent @entity1163 , which cannot be determined by standard invasive and non-invasive testing.

title: [Implantable "loop recorder"--a new diagnostic tool for XXXX of unknown cause].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'fatal syncope']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['asystolic']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: The proto-oncogene products @entity470 -l (EGF-Receptor) and @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ), distinct members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, are frequently overexpressed in @entity213 ( @entity213 ). The accumulation of these transmembrane proteins may lead to significant amounts of the respective @entity3144 ( @entity3144 ) that are shed from the @entity5 cell surface and enter blood circulation, thus representing potential serum @entity5 markers. For @entity470 -l and @entity1722 , we determined the @entity3144 serum levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and evaluated the protein expression in @entity5 tissue by immunohistochemistry. The present study included 49 @entity1 (37 untreated, 12 recurrences) and the same number of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In 24 patients @entity3144 serum levels were determined before and 6 weeks after surgery. Mean @entity3144 serum levels for @entity470 and @entity1722 were 54.8+/-1.6 and 153.7+/-6.1 fmol/ml in @entity5 @entity1 , and 54+/-1.5 and 147.9+/-4.5 fmol/ml in healthy controls, respectively. There was no significant difference between untreated and recurrent disease. Serum @entity3144 follow-ups 6 weeks after surgery revealed a significant 12.3% decline of @entity470 but no change of @entity1722 values. Immunohistochemistry showed strong staining for @entity470 in 78% and @entity1722 in 47% of the @entity213 specimens. No correlation was detectable between receptor @entity3144 serum levels and receptor tissue expression, @entity5 stage, and @entity5 differentiation. Hence, @entity3144 serum levels of @entity470 and @entity1722 are not considered to be valuable @entity5 markers in @entity213 .

title: Serum level and tissue expression of c- @entity470 -1 and @entity1722 proto-oncogene products in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['ECD', 'extracellular receptor domains']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck']


abstract: @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ) is the most common type of @entity9 affecting facial region and is considered to be one of the most @entity158 conditions. Treatment is often unsatisfactory. Newer treatment modalities are therefore being tried. @entity4480 is FDA approved drug for @entity3949 and has been used in @entity158 symptoms of @entity308 as well. Safety and efficacy of @entity4480 was evaluated in @entity1 with @entity4254 ; another chronically @entity158 , in an open label manner. A total of 15 @entity1 who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of International @entity10 Society for Trigeminal @entity9 were administered @entity4480 40 mg daily. The efficacy of the drug was evaluated by face scale and Likert's numerical scale. Statistically significant @entity158 relief was reported in 9 out of 15 @entity1 of @entity4254 . The @entity158 relief was reported as early as in one week and was maintained for 16 weeks. The drug was well tolerated and side-effects reported were mild and reversible. No adverse drug reaction requiring hospitalisation or drug discontinuation was reported in the present study. @entity4480 showed statistically significant @entity158 relief in @entity4254 . Double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm findings at a large scale.

title: Efficacy, safety and tolerability of XXXX in @entity4254 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['Trigeminal neuralgia', 'TN', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['Duloxetine', 'duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful condition', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['Neuralgia', 'neuralgia']

answer: @entity4480 :: (MESH:C058218,Chemical) :: ['duloxetine']


abstract: From 1975 through 1988, 257 @entity1 with @entity189 of the thoracic esophagus have been treated in our Department. Operability was 90% (232/257), overall resectability 77% (198/257) and for the operated group 85% (198/232). Hospital mortality was 9.6% but decreased to 3% over the period 1986-1988. There were 65% squamous cell @entity189 and 35% @entity420 . pTNM staging was as follows: Stage I: 11.6%; Stage II: 23.2%; Stage III: 37.9%; Stage IV: 27.3%. Overall survival was 62.5% at 1 year, 42.4% at 2 year and 30% at 5 year. According to the pTNM staging 5-year survival was 90% for Stage I, 56% for Stage II, 15.3% for Stage III and 0 for Stage IV. There were no statistically significant differences according to @entity5 localisation, pathologic type, sex, age. Introducing extensive resection and extended lymphadenectomy seems to improve significantly survival in the @entity1 in whom an operation with curative intention was performed, the 1-year survival being 90.8% versus 72%, 2-year survival: 81% versus 46%, and 5-year survival 48.5% versus 41% for respectively radical and non radical resections. @entity420 have no worse prognosis than other @entity418 with a 5-year survival of 91.5% if lymphnodes negative, and a 54% overall 5-year survival. Functional results after restoration of continuity with gastric tubulation were judged excellent to very good in 86.5% at 1 year, but infra-aortic anastomoses have a much higher incidence of @entity11353 : 53% versus 8% for cervical anastomoses. From this study it can be concluded that in experienced hands surgery today offers the best chances for optimal staging, potential cure, and prolonged high quality palliation.

title: Surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['epitheliomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity11353 :: ('MESH:D004942', 'Disease') :: ['peptic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Barrett adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability, concurrent and predictive validity, and responsiveness of the @entity4764 ( @entity4764 ) in hemiparetic @entity1 after @entity64 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: An early rehabilitation center for @entity1 with @entity16 . @entity1 : Fifty-five nonambulatory @entity1 after first-ever @entity64 , with duration of illness between 30 and 60 days, were included. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity4764 , Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), walking velocity, step length, and six-minute walking test (6MWT) were assessed at the beginning, after 2 and 4 weeks of rehabilitation, and again 6 months later. After 6 months, community ambulation was also assessed. Test-retest and interrater reliability, concurrent, discriminant, and predictive validity and responsiveness of the @entity4764 were calculated. RESULTS: Based on video examinations, high test-retest reliability (Cohen kappa=.950) and interrater reliability (kappa=.905) were found. @entity4764 scores at the beginning and after 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 6 months correlated highly with the RMI (Spearman rho=.686, rho=.787, rho=.825, rho=.893, respectively), distance walked in the 6MWT (rho=.949, rho=.937, rho=.931, rho=.906, respectively), walking velocity (rho=.952, rho=.939, rho=.902, rho=.901, respectively), and step length (rho=.952, rho=.932, rho=.896, rho=.877, respectively) at the same time points (all P<.001). The RMI, walking velocity, step length, and distance walked in the 6MWT differed for each @entity4764 category (P<.001). After 4 weeks of rehabilitation, an @entity4764 score of 4 or higher predicted community ambulation at 6 months with 100% sensitivity and 78% specificity. @entity4764 scores changed significantly between the first 2 and second 2 weeks (Wilcoxon z=8.7, z=7.9, respectively; both P<.001) of the inpatient rehabilitation program. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4764 has excellent reliability, good concurrent and predictive validity, and good responsiveness in @entity1 with @entity1269 after @entity64 .

title: Predictive validity and responsiveness of the functional ambulation category in hemiparetic @entity1 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['FAC', 'Functional Ambulation Category']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Complex interactions between effector T cells and @entity3744 (+) regulatory T cells (Treg) contribute to clinical outcomes in @entity5 , and autoimmune and @entity166 . Previous work showed that IL-12 reversed Treg-mediated suppression of @entity1961 (+) @entity3744 (-) T cell (Tconv) proliferation. We and others have also shown that Tregs express T-bet and IFN-y at sites of @entity630 @entity32 and that IL-12 induces IFN-y production by Tregs in vitro. To investigate whether loss of immunosuppression occurs when IFN-y is expressed by Tregs we treated @entity19 lymphocyte cultures with IL-12. IFN-y expression did not decrease the ability of Tregs to suppress Tconv proliferation. Rather, IL-12 treatment decreased Treg frequency and @entity3744 levels in Tregs. We further showed that IL-12 increased @entity3783 expression on Tconv and CD8 T cells, diminished its expression on Tregs and decreased @entity2047 production by Tconv and CD8 T cells. Together, these IL-12 mediated changes favored the outgrowth of non-Tregs. Additionally, we showed that treatment with a second cytokine, @entity22385 , decreased @entity2047 expression without augmenting Tconv and CD8 T cell proliferation. Notably, @entity22385 only slightly modified levels of @entity3783 on non-Treg T cells. Together, these results show that IL-12 has multiple effects that modify the balance between Tregs and non-Tregs and support an important role for relative levels of @entity3783 but not for IFN-y expression in IL-12-mediated reversal of Treg immunosuppression.

title: Differential effects of IL-12 on Tregs and non-Treg T cells: roles of IFN-y, XXXX and @entity3783 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: Hypermethylation of the @entity6756 promoter is observed in the majority of sporadic @entity356 with high frequency @entity124 ( @entity124 ), and it contributes to the genesis of @entity356 . Multiple @entity356 is known to have a higher frequency of @entity356 . However, the molecular basis of @entity5 remains obscure. We investigated the role of @entity6756 promoter hypermethylation in the genesis of multiple @entity356 with @entity124 . We analyzed 33 @entity5 from 15 @entity1 with multiple @entity356 (12 double @entity5 and three @entity5 ) for @entity124 , expression of @entity6756 and @entity4311 , and hypermethylation of @entity6756 and @entity4311 promoters. High frequency @entity124 was found in seven out of 33 @entity5 (21%) in five out of 15 @entity1 (33%). All of the @entity5 with high frequency @entity124 had a lack of @entity6756 expression, with the presence of @entity4311 expression, while all the @entity5 with no @entity124 or low frequency @entity124 were positive for both @entity6756 and @entity4311 . All of the @entity5 with no expression of @entity6756 had @entity6756 hypermethylation, whereas @entity6756 hypermethylation was observed in two out of 26 (8%) @entity5 with no or low frequency @entity124 . None of the @entity5 showed @entity4311 hypermethylation. These results suggest that epigenetic changes in the @entity6756 promoter account for the genesis of multiple @entity356 with high frequency @entity124 .

title: Methylation of the @entity6756 promoter in multiple @entity356 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MSI in these tumors', 'tumors', 'triple tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['MSI-positive gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinoma', 'MSI positivity than single gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity124 :: (MESH:D053842,Disease) :: ['microsatellite instability']


abstract: Soluble forms of @entity2071 (sICAM-1) and @entity4725 (sVCAM-1) have been reported from the supernatant of cytokine-activated endothelial cells, @entity5 cells and from sera of @entity5 @entity1 . We measured sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 from the serum of 20 healthy volunteers and 142 @entity356 @entity1 by ELISA assay. Ninety-five @entity1 were operable and 47 @entity1 were in-operable at the time of this study. Particularly in the 28 operable @entity1 , we sampled both portal and peripheral blood simultaneously and measured the levels of the soluble forms of cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs). The sCAMs level and sero-positivity rate increased with @entity5 progression in order of the healthy controls, operable @entity1 , and inoperable @entity1 . In in-operable @entity5 , the sICAM-1 level increased more with liver @entity3 . sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 did not correlate with each other in either portal or peripheral blood. A total of 58.3% of @entity1 with liver @entity3 and 22.9% of @entity1 without liver @entity3 showed synchronous expression of both sCAMs (p = 0.03). Synchronous sero-positivity of sCAMs and alpha FP was higher with liver @entity3 (p = 0.01). The median overall survival duration which co-expressed both sCAMs was 9 months. This showed a significant difference compared with the sICAMs non-expressing group, where the median survival was not reached until 24 months follow-up (p = 0.002). The synchronous expression of sCAMs was an independent risk factor in @entity356 @entity1 . We raise the possibility that synchronous sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 elevation may be a useful monitor to determine @entity5 burden in @entity356 .

title: Synchronous elevation of soluble @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) and @entity4725 ( XXXX ) correlates with @entity356 progression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity4725 :: (7412,Gene) :: ['VCAM-1']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1455 ( @entity1455 ) is the leading cause of @entity204 for @entity1 hospitalized with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of early revascularization (ERV) on 1-year survival for @entity1 with @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 . DESIGN: The SHOCK (Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for @entity1455 ) Trial, an unblinded, randomized controlled trial from April 1993 through November 1998. SETTING: Thirty-six referral centers with angioplasty and cardiac surgery facilities. @entity1 : Three hundred two @entity1 with @entity583 and @entity1455 due to predominant @entity1002 who met specified clinical and hemodynamic criteria. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to an initial medical stabilization (IMS; n = 150) group, which included thrombolysis (63% of @entity1 ), @entity2333 (86%), and subsequent revascularization (25%), or to an ERV group (n = 152), which mandated revascularization within 6 hours of randomization and included angioplasty (55%) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (38%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All-cause mortality and functional status at 1 year, compared between the ERV and IMS groups. RESULTS: One-year survival was 46.7% for @entity1 in the ERV group compared with 33.6% in the IMS group (absolute difference in survival, 13.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2%-24.1%; P<.03; relative risk for @entity204 , 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.95). Of the 10 prespecified subgroup analyses, only age (<75 vs >/= 75 years) interacted significantly (P<.03) with treatment in that treatment benefit was apparent only for @entity1 younger than 75 years (51.6% survival in ERV group vs 33.3% in IMS group). Eighty-three percent of 1-year survivors (85% of ERV group and 80% of IMS group) were in New York Heart Association class I or II. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 , ERV resulted in improved 1-year survival. We recommend rapid transfer of @entity1 with @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 , particularly those younger than 75 years, to medical centers capable of providing early angiography and revascularization procedures.

title: One-year survival following early revascularization for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'Cardiogenic Shock', 'Cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) is often associated with @entity66 . We studied 31 cases of @entity788 to clarify the diversity of associated @entity66 and the differences between @entity788 with and without @entity66 . METHODS: The clinical features and courses were compared by age, sex, and blood chemistry between those with and without @entity66 . In addition, we reviewed the available literature on @entity66 with @entity788 . RESULTS: Seven of the 31 cases of @entity788 had associated @entity66 , which were diagnosed simultaneously with @entity788 ; however, 1 case presenting with various extrapancreatic lesions was diagnosed independently of the @entity660 . @entity1 with @entity66 needed maintenance @entity134 therapy for @entity788 in 4 cases and @entity66 in 2 cases; the ratio of cases requiring maintenance @entity134 therapy was significantly higher among those with @entity66 (6/8) than those without (7/23). There were no significant differences between groups with regard to age, sex, extent of narrowing of the main pancreatic duct, and enlargement of the pancreas. gamma-globulin, IgG, and IgG4 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity788 with @entity66 than those without. The @entity66 associated with @entity788 found in the literature were Sj  gren syndrome, @entity31 , @entity3807 , @entity7841 , @entity1374 , and @entity3039 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that, when encountering a case of @entity788 with elevated levels of gamma-globulins, IgG, and IgG4, an effort should be made to detect other @entity3002 and initiate @entity134 administration.

title: Systemic extrapancreatic lesions associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7841 :: ('MESH:D012793', 'Disease') :: ['sialadenitis']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune pancreatitis', 'AIP']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['systemic extrapancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['AIP lesion']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['systemic extrapancreatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis']


abstract: Six @entity1 with superficially invasive squamous @entity8376 are described. All @entity1 meet recently proposed criteria for the diagnosis of microinvasive @entity189 . The depth of invasion measured from the surface was less than 2.5 mm. There was no lymph-vascular space involvement. The invasive foci arose within a field of @entity189 in situ. Five of these six @entity1 had previously been treated for @entity3 with pelvic radiation from 82 to 246 months before the diagnosis of @entity189 . All but one @entity1 had the @entity189 confined to the upper one-third of the @entity8376 . All @entity1 were treated with a single vaginal radium application following vaginectomy. One of these six @entity1 expired from recurrent @entity5 35 months following diagnosis. During the same 17-year period, 17 other cases of Stage I epidermoid @entity8376 were treated which did not meet the above criteria for microinvasion. There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups with regard to age at diagnosis, history of @entity5 , hysterectomy, or pelvic radiation or in survival. Additional experience with early @entity189 is needed before microinvasive @entity8376 should be accepted as a distinct clinical entity.

title: Superficially invasive XXXX following treatment for @entity5 : a report of six cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'vaginal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the vagina', 'cancer of the vagina', 'vagina']

answer: @entity8376 :: (MESH:D014625,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the vagina']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to assess the serial high-resolution CT findings and their correlation with the results of pulmonary function tests in @entity1 with @entity7087 ( @entity7087 ) and @entity401 . METHOD: The study included 40 @entity1 with symptoms or signs of @entity7087 and @entity401 , who underwent serial high-resolution CT scans (mean follow-up period 39 months). Seventeen @entity1 simultaneously had serial pulmonary function tests (mean follow-up period 40 months). On high-resolution CT, the pattern and extent of parenchymal abnormalities were retrospectively analyzed. Serial changes on high-resolution CT were correlated with the changes of pulmonary function tests. RESULTS: On initial CT, areas of ground-glass opacity (mean +/- SD extent 17.7 +/- 12.3% in all @entity1 ), irregular linear opacity (4.4 +/- 4.4% in 36 @entity1 ), small nodules (3.9 +/- 12.5% in 28), consolidation (1.9 +/- 4.2% in 13), and honeycombing (1.9 +/- 3.8% in 12) were seen. The total disease extent (p = 0.042) and extents of ground-glass opacity (18.9 +/- 15.5%; p = 0.04) and honeycombing (5.0 +/- 7.2%; p = 0.002) increased significantly on follow-up CT. Both forced vital capacity (from 2.4 +/- 0.4 to 2.0 +/- 0.4 L; p = 0.002) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (from 2.0 +/- 0.4 to 1.6 +/- 0.3 L; p = 0.013) decreased significantly on follow-up examination. The increase in the extent of honeycombing on CT correlated significantly with the decrease in diffusing capacity for @entity1223 (r = -0.411, p = 0.049). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity7087 and @entity401 , the overall extent of disease and extents of honeycombing and ground-glass opacity increase significantly on follow-up CT. Increase of honeycombing correlates well with decrease of diffusing capacity for @entity1223 .

title: @entity401 in XXXX : serial high-resolution CT findings with functional correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['progressive systemic sclerosis', 'PSS']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

answer: @entity7087 :: (MESH:D045743,Disease) :: ['progressive systemic sclerosis']


abstract: Multivariate analyses of the clinical course of 1537 @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) identified a subgroup which experienced short remission duration and a high incidence of extramedullary relapse. The @entity1 differed from other @entity981 @entity1 by the presence at diagnosis of two or more of a constellation of clinical and laboratory features: organomegaly or mass disease, E-rosette positivity, hemoglobin level greater than 10 g/dl, leukocyte count greater than 50,000/microliters, male predominance, and older age. This type of presentation of @entity981 is referred to as the " @entity706 " (LS) since such @entity1 exhibit a pattern of several clinical and laboratory features which were observed repeatedly but in differing combinations, and some of which clinically resemble @entity706 . A subsequent database from 2231 @entity1 was analyzed. @entity1 with a mediastinal mass, massive @entity381 , or massive adenopathy, alone or in combination, had a worse outcome when the @entity1 also had either leukocytosis, E-rosette-positive lymphoblasts, or a normal or near normal hemoglobin (Hb) level at diagnosis. Similarly, the above three laboratory features alone or in combination did not predict less than 40% disease-free survival (DFS) unless they were accompanied by at least one of the clinical features of mass disease. When at least one clinical feature and at least one laboratory feature were present, the overall DFS was 36% 6 years after diagnosis versus 64% for all other @entity1 . The association of these features with poor prognosis remained significant after adjusting for the level of leukocyte count at diagnosis, age at diagnosis, and sex of the @entity1 . @entity1 with this recurrent syndrome of features do not represent a homogeneous biologic entity but they constitute a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity981 having a high risk of treatment failure using current therapies, including failure to achieve remission, early relapse, and increased frequency of relapse in extramedullary sites. They deserve early recognition at diagnosis and selection of treatment strategies appropriate for very high risk @entity981 .

title: Lymphomatous presentation of childhood XXXX . A subgroup at high risk of early treatment failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoma syndrome']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: American @entity232 (ATL) and @entity19406 exhibit similar histopathology and low frequencies of microorganism detection. OBJECTIVES: This study seeks to identify microscopic alterations that can distinguish between these diseases. METHODS: @entity6175 and @entity1711 stained slides of 171 ATL and 97 @entity19406 samples from active cutaneous lesions were examined for histopathological alterations. The lesions were diagnosed by isolating the agent (which was not visible) in culture. An intuitive diagnosis was assigned to each slide. The strength of the association between the histopathological findings and the diagnosis was estimated by an odds ratio, and each finding was graded according to a regression model. A score was assigned to each sample based on the histopathological findings. A study of the interobserver reliability was performed by calculating kappa coefficients of the histopathological findings and intuitive diagnoses. RESULTS: The markers 'macrophage concentration', ' @entity738 ' and 'extracellular @entity528 ' were associated with ATL. ' @entity27017 ', 'stellate @entity738 ', 'different types of giant cells', ' @entity738 in granulation tissue' and 'abscess outside the @entity738 ' were associated with a diagnosis of @entity19406 . 'Macrophage concentration' and 'suppurative @entity738 ' had the highest (substantial and almost perfect, respectively) reliability. The regression model score indicated 92.0% accuracy. The intuitive diagnosis had 82.5% diagnostic accuracy and substantial reliability. CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account the clinical and epidemiological context, some histopathological alterations might be useful for the differential diagnosis between ATL and @entity19406 cutaneous lesions in cases in which the aetiological agent is not visible.

title: Proposal of a histopathological predictive rule for the differential diagnosis between American XXXX and sporotrichosis skin lesions.

entities_list: @entity19406 :: ('MESH:D013174', 'Disease') :: ['sporotrichosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma', 'tuberculoid granuloma']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['tegumentary leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity27017 :: ('MESH:D013492', 'Disease') :: ['Suppurative granuloma']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['Haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['matrix degeneration']

answer: @entity232 :: (MESH:D007896,Disease) :: ['tegumentary leishmaniasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to detect differences in @entity393 with a hypocaloric diet in @entity28 @entity1 depending on their glycaemic status. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A population of 76 @entity28 outpatients was analysed in a prospective way. The following variables were specifically recorded at basal time and after 3 months of hypocaloric diet (1200 kcal/day): weight, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio. Basal @entity413 , insulin, @entity2002 , @entity701 , @entity1851 , total @entity165 , LDL @entity165 , HDL @entity165 and @entity1674 blood levels were measured. HOMA was calculated. An indirect calorimetry, tetrapolar electrical bioimpedance and a serial assessment of nutritional intake with 3 days written food records were performed. RESULTS: The mean age was 46.9 +/- 17.1 years and the mean BMI 34.6 +/- 5.3. All subjects were weight stable during the 2 weeks period preceding the study (body weight change, 0.3 +/- 0.1 kg). Anthropometric measurements showed an average waist circumference (108.7 +/- 15.7 cm), waist-to-hip ratio (0.93 +/- 0.11), and average weight (88.7 +/- 16.9 kg). Bipolar body electrical bioimpedance showed a fat mass of 37 +/- 12.3 kg. Indirect calorimetry showed a resting metabolic rate (RMR) (1674.3 +/- 392 kcal/day). @entity1 were divided in to two groups by glycaemic status (group I: normal glycaemic metabolism, fasting @entity413 levels <109 mg/dl; n = 50) and (group II: impaired glycaemic metabolism, fasting @entity413 levels >110 mg/dl, n = 26). Waist circumference (I: 108 +/- 17.1cm vs. 104.6 +/- 16.7 cm; P < 0.05) and (II: 113.6 +/- 9.8 cm vs. 110.9 +/- 8.9 cm; P < 0.05), weight (I: 90.6 +/- 19.2 kg vs. 86.3 +/- 18.6 kg:P < 0.05) and (II: 89.2 +/- 11.3 kg vs. 86.4 +/- 11.6 kg: P < 0.05) and BMI (I: 34.2 +/- 5.6 vs. 33.7 +/- 5.5; P < 0.05) and (II: 34.8 +/- 4.2 vs. 34.2 +/- 4.6; P < 0.05) improved in both groups with hypocaloric diet. Blood systolic pressure, total @entity165 and LDL @entity165 improved in both groups, without statistical differences. In group II improved @entity413 levels and HOMA index, too. @entity1 of group II had higher systolic blood pressure, @entity413 , total @entity165 , LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , lipoprotein (a), @entity11663 levels and HOMA index than @entity1 in group I. ANOVA analysis did not show differences among @entity353 in tertiles of HOMA and @entity413 . CONCLUSION: Ability to lose weight on a hypocaloric diet over a 3-month time period does not vary in @entity28 @entity1 as a function of glycaemic status. Improvement in cardiovascular risk factors is not related with glycaemic status, too.

title: Differences in glycaemic status do not predict @entity353 in response to hypocaloric diets in @entity28 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['weigth loss']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['c-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: RATIONALE: Sleep @entity386 is believed to be a @entity74 . Thus, we hypothesized that anatomic risk factors for @entity387 would demonstrate @entity1423 . OBJECTIVES: We used volumetric magnetic resonance imaging in a sib pair "quad" design to study the @entity1423 of the size of upper airway soft tissue structures that are associated with increased risk for @entity27 . METHODS: We examined 55 @entity387 probands ( @entity27 index [AHI]: 43.2 +/- 26.3 events/h), 55 proband siblings (AHI: 11.8 +/- 16.6 events/h), 55 control subjects (AHI: 2.1 +/- 1.7 events/h), and 55 control siblings (AHI: 4.2 +/- 4.0 events/h). The study design used exact matching on ethnicity and sex, frequency matching on age, and statistical control for visceral neck fat and craniofacial dimensions. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The data support our a priori hypothesis that the volume of the important upper airway soft tissue structures is heritable. The volume of the lateral pharyngeal walls (h(2) = 36.8%; p = 0.001), tongue (h(2) = 36.5%; p = 0.0001), and total soft tissue (h(2) = 37.5%; p = 0.0001) demonstrated significant levels of heritability after adjusting for sex, ethnicity, age, visceral neck fat, and craniofacial dimensions. In addition, our data indicate that heritability of the upper airway soft tissue structures is found in normal subjects and @entity1 with @entity386 . Thus, it is not simply a consequence of the prevalence of @entity386 . CONCLUSIONS: This is the first time @entity1423 of size of the upper airway soft tissue structures has been demonstrated.

title: Family aggregation of upper airway soft tissue structures in normal subjects and @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['family aggregation']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: Clinically, a large number of @entity1 have persistent @entity1643 attributable to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. After the concept of biologically regenerating the degenerated IVD using growth factor injection was first proposed in early 1990, the advancement of molecular technology to produce recombinant proteins, including growth factors, on an industrial scale accelerated research in this field. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent findings of the in vitro and in vivo effects of growth factors on the IVD and, further, to discuss the limitations of growth factor therapy and its clinical implications. In vitro data showed that stimulation of matrix synthesis by growth factors alters the balance of homeostasis by shifting cellular metabolism to the anabolic state. In vivo data using small animals has shown the possibility of using growth factors as a "structural modifying therapy". Based on in vitro and in vivo data previously reported, the clinical application of growth factors by direct injection of protein into the nucleus pulposus or anulus fibrosus was shown to be feasible as a new therapeutic intervention for treatment of @entity1797 . Stimulation of the biological repair process will create a new category of therapy to treat @entity1797 , where no active treatment currently exists, between conservative therapies and more @entity146 therapies such as fusion or disc replacement. However, it should be noted that there are several important factors to be taken into consideration. In a relatively advanced @entity179 , the supply of nutrients is disturbed and stimulation of cellular activity by growth factors may result in an increased demand for nutrients, eventually inducing an adverse event. Further investigations of the optimal environment for growth factor stimulation should be pursued. Growth factor therapy, which has experimental evidence supporting it to be a "structural modifying therapy", may not be a "symptom modifying therapy" that is able to resolve the symptoms associated with pathologic changes. Therefore, further studies on the effect of growth factor therapy on @entity158 are essential to shed light on its therapeutic usefulness for @entity179 .

title: Prevention of XXXX with growth factors.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease', 'degenerative condition']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['disc degeneration']


abstract: Cochlear innervation patterns were studied in @entity1 @entity468 and @entity35 with the rapid Golgi method. Examination of thick serial sections and surface preparations with the differential interference contrast microscope (Nomarski optics) allowed direct visualization of individually impregnated @entity4494 cells, complete with their peripheral processes and endings in the organ of Corti. Individually impregnated efferent fibers could be recognized as heavily varicose axons that project radially to endings beneath inner and outer hair cells after taking a tangential course in the intraganglionic spiral bundle. It was often possible to visualize unimpregnated hair cells in contact with the impregnated endings of both types of fibers. There are at least two types of @entity4494 cells in the cochlea of the @entity1 cat and @entity35 . One type innervates only inner hair cells by means of radial fibers. These ganglion cells constitute the overwhelming majority of ganglion cells impregnated in our preparations, and each cell typically innervates two inner hair cells. Hence, these ganglion cells establish nearly "point-to-point" connections between the auditory nerve and the organ of Corti. The other type of ganglion cell innervates outer hair cells by means of long spiral fibers; each cell typically innervates many outer hair cells through the numerous angular enlargements and short end branches of its spiral fiber. In addition, a few of these spiral fibers also send branches to inner hair cells by means of short collaterals; it remains to be seen if such fibers also occur in mature cochleas. Efferent fibers have been traced to inner and outer hair cell regions. The simplest pattern is formed by fine beaded axons with only a few branches ending mainly beneath inner hair cells. More complex patterns are formed by larger axons with many branches ending beneath inner or outer hair cells. Many efferent fibers send branches to both inner and outer hair cells. Electrophysiological studies so far have not demonstrated different populations of units that clearly correspond to the spiral and radial fibers. Therefore, the physilogical differences between inner and outer hair cell innervation remain undefined.

title: A study of cochlear innervation patterns in @entity468 and XXXX with the Golgi method and Nomarkski Optics.

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify factors associated with the occurrence of @entity1209 and to identify the effectiveness of independent and interdependent nursing interventions for the prevention and management of @entity1209 . DESIGN: Descriptive. SAMPLE: A convenience sample of 300 @entity1 , 18 years or older, who had surgery with general anesthesia (excluding @entity1 having ear or gastrointestinal surgery), at either campus of a large metropolitan medical center. METHOD: A combination of closed chart review and data collection by staff nurses assigned to the @entity1 in the postoperative period using a standardized data collection tool. FINDINGS: Data was analyzed using a combination of descriptive and parametric statistics. There was a 39% incidence of @entity390 and @entity391 overall. @entity1 were two times more likely to experience @entity390 and twice as likely to experience severe @entity390 (statistical significance of p = .0001). In addition, @entity1 with surgery lasting 2 hours or greater were twice as likely to experience @entity390 (statistical significance of p = .002). Independent nursing interventions, such as placing a cool washcloth on a @entity1 's forehead, were used more often than medication as an initial strategy. The most frequently used interventions were increasing the i.v. fluids and having the @entity1 take deep breaths. There was no pattern to the nursing assessments. CONCLUSION: @entity1 and those @entity1 with surgery lasting greater than 2 hours should be assessed for @entity390 in the postoperative period more frequently. Assessments need to be done during the first 2 hours after surgery, at 7-8 hours after surgery, and when there is an increase in activity, such as the first time out of bed. Nurses do not routinely document assessments for postoperative @entity390 . In addition, some misconceptions exist. Formal and informal education for nurses, physicians, and @entity1 on the incidence, predisposing factors, and treatment options for postoperative @entity390 needs to occur. This should include reflection on the misconceptions, the need for ongoing @entity1 assessment, and a review of drug and nondrug therapies. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING RESEARCH: Further research is needed to better describe the present practice patterns in the treatment of @entity1209 , including a comparison of inpatient and outpatient settings. The relative effectiveness of specific nursing interventions should be measured, such as i.v. fluids, deep breathing, and antiemetic use. In addition, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of a research protocol would be useful.

title: Prevention and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']