abstract: The current study was designed to investigate the hypocholesterolemic and anti-atherogenic properties of soy lecithin beyond its @entity844 content. In experiment 1, 18 @entity5434 were divided into three groups of six and fed diets which approximated either the average American diet (AAD), the @entity299 ( @entity299 ) Step I diet, or a modified @entity299 (mAHA) Step I diet containing 3.4% soy lecithin for 8 weeks. Plasma samples were collected from food-deprived monkeys and analyzed for total @entity165 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), very low- and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (non-HDL-C), and @entity412 (TG) concentrations. Group comparisons revealed that monkeys fed the mAHA Step 1 diet had significantly lower plasma TC (-46%) and non-HDL-C (-55%) levels compared to the AAD diet, whereas monkeys fed the @entity299 Step 1 diet had lesser reductions in plasma TC (-21%) and non-HDL-C (-18%) levels. The monkeys fed the mAHA Step I diet had significantly lower plasma TC (-32%) and non-HDL-C (-45%) compared to the monkeys fed the @entity299 step diet. Also, only the mAHA Step I diet significantly reduced pre-treatment plasma TC and non-HDL-C levels by - 39 and -51% respectively with no significant effect on plasma HDL-C or TG levels. In experiment 2, 45 hamsters were divided into three groups of 15 and fed the following three modified non-purified diets for 8 weeks: a @entity753 ( @entity753 ) containing 10%, coconut oil and 0.05%, @entity165 , @entity753 plus 3.4%, soy lecithin (+SL), or the @entity753 with added levels of @entity4722 and @entity1877 equivalent to the +SL diet but no lecithin (-SL). Plasma lipids were determined as in experiment 1 and aortas were perfusion-fixed and Oil Red O stained for morphometric analyses of @entity1856 . Relative to the @entity753 group, the +SL-treated hamsters had significantly lower plasma TC (-58%), non-HDL-C (-73%) and aortic @entity1856 (-90%). Relative to the -SL group, hamsters fed the +SL diet had significantly lower plasma TC (-33%), non-HDL-C (-50%) and significantly reduced aortic @entity1856 (-79%). In conclusion, the first experiment suggests that the @entity165 -lowering efficacy of the @entity299 Step I diet can be enhanced with the addition of soy lecithin without reducing plasma HDL-C levels. whereas the second experiment suggest that the hypocholesterolemic, and in particular, the anti-atherogenic properties of soy lecithin cannot be attributed solely to its @entity4722 content.

title: Soy lecithin reduces plasma lipoprotein XXXX and early atherogenesis in @entity753 monkeys and hamsters: beyond @entity4722 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['HCD', 'hypercholesterolemic diet']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'American Heart Association']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fatty streak area']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a multicenter study, 28 @entity1 with @entity5 and insufficient @entity158 relief with analgesic treatment according to step II of the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) were switched to oral slow-release @entity1286 . METHODS: @entity1 received intravenous @entity1286 through a @entity1 -controlled pump ( @entity4901 ) for the first 24 hours (bolus = 1 mg, lockout interval = 5 minutes, maximum dose = 12 mg/hour). From day 2 @entity1 were treated with oral slow-release @entity1286 . Daily doses were calculated from the requirements of the day before. @entity158 was treated with @entity4901 until stable doses were reached (<2 boluses/day) and then with oral immediate-release @entity1286 solution. @entity158 intensity was reported in a diary four times a day, in addition to mood, activity, and quality of sleep once daily. RESULTS: Mean duration until adequate @entity158 relief reported (<30 on a 101-step numerical scale; @entity13295 ) was 5 hours (range = 80-620 minutes). Mean @entity158 intensity was reduced from 67 @entity13295 to 22 @entity13295 . Mean doses of oral @entity1286 were 133 mg/day initially and then 154 mg/day on day 14. Serious adverse events such as @entity1576 were not observed. Two @entity1 terminated the study due to progressive symptoms of @entity344 . Seventy-five percent of the @entity1 evaluated the effectiveness of the analgesic regime as good. CONCLUSIONS: Dose finding with intravenous @entity4901 may be appropriate for a small minority of @entity1 with severe @entity158 . Higher treatment costs and the risk of complications are drawbacks of this method compared with conventional oral titration.

title: Intravenous titration with XXXX for severe @entity5 : report of 28 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Breakthrough pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: The efficacy of combined methods of spinal cord protection during thoracoabdominal aortic reconstruction was evaluated because a recent clinical study failed to substantiate the value of cerebrospinal fluid drainage when used alone in the prevention of @entity451 . The effect of cerebrospinal fluid drainage and aortofemoral shunting were analyzed with regard to neurologic outcome and spinal cord blood flow in a model of @entity432 . In addition, we studied the use of motor-evoked potentials as compared with somatosensory-evoked potentials in monitoring cord perfusion. Thirty-two @entity235 underwent proximal and distal @entity432 for 60 minutes. The control group (n = 8) underwent thoracic aortic cross-clamping only. Spinal cord protection was used in three groups: cerebrospinal fluid drainage alone (n = 8), aortofemoral shunting alone (n = 8), and cerebrospinal fluid drainage and aortofemoral shunting (n = 8). Neurologic outcome improved in all treatment groups as compared with controls (p less than 0.001). The addition of cerebrospinal fluid drainage to aortofemoral shunting did not further improve neurologic outcome. Spinal cord blood flow measured with microspheres in the lumbar gray matter was significantly higher in the @entity235 with aortofemoral shunting (+/- cerebrospinal fluid drainage) as compared with those with cerebrospinal fluid drainage alone (p less than 0.05) or the controls (p less than 0.001). Aortofemoral shunting also prevented the development of @entity520 and @entity4854 . Loss or changes in amplitude and latency of motor-evoked potentials did not distinguish between the groups. Loss of somatosensory-evoked potentials had a high sensitivity (92%) but lower specificity (68%) in predicting @entity16 , whereas loss of motor-evoked potentials had a high specificity (100%) but a very low sensitivity (16%). We conclude that cerebrospinal fluid drainage or aortofemoral shunting significantly improve spinal cord blood flow and neurologic outcome. The greatest increase in spinal cord blood flow was seen with aortofemoral shunting, which also prevented metabolic disturbances of reperfusion. Although the addition of cerebrospinal fluid drainage to aortofemoral shunting was the only group in which no @entity16 occurred, this group did not have a significant improvement in outcome when compared with aortofemoral shunting alone. @entity2759 was more accurately detected with somatosensory-evoked potentials when aortofemoral shunting was used, whereas motor-evoked potentials recorded from the spinal cord were not sensitive enough to predict @entity16 .

title: Spinal cord injury in experimental XXXX : investigation of combined methods of protection.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic occlusion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Optimal management of sedation, @entity1337 and @entity933 offers comfort and security for the critical care @entity1 , allows support measures to be applied more easily and enables an integral approach of medical care, at the same time that lowers the incidence of complications, wich translates in better @entity1 outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To update the Gu  a de pr  ctica cl  nica basada en la evidencia para el manejo de la sedoanalgesia en el paciente adulto cr  ticamente enfermo published in Medicina Intensiva in 2007, and give recommendations for the management of sedation, @entity1337 , and @entity933 . METHODOLOGY: A group of 21 intensivists from 9 countries of the Federaci  n Panamericana e Ib  rica de Sociedades de Medicina Cr  tica y Terapia Intensiva, 3 of them also specialists in clinical epidemiology and methodology, gathered for the development of guidelines. Assessment of evidence quality and recommendations were made based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Strength of recommendations was classified as 1=strong, or 2=weak, and quality of evidence as A=high, B=moderate, or C=low. Two authors searched the following databases: MEDLINE through PUBMED, The Cochrane Library and Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud and retrieved pertinent information. Members assigned to the 11 sections of the guidelines, based on the literature review, formulated the recommendations, that were discussed in plenary sessions. Only those recommendations that achieved more than 80% of consensus were approved for the final document. The Colombian Association of Critical Medicine and Intensive Care (AMCI) supported the elaboration of this guidelines. RESULTS: Four hundred sixty-seven articles were included for review. An increase in number and quality of publications was observed. This allowed to generate 64 strong recommendations with high and moderate quality of evidence in contrast to the 28 recommendations of the previous edition. CONCLUSIONS: This Guidelines contains recommendations and suggestions based on the best evidence available for the management of sedation, @entity1337 and @entity933 of the @entity3124 @entity1 , including a bundle of strategies that serves this purpose. We highlight the assessment of @entity158 and @entity2146 /sedation through validated scales, the use of opioids initially to apropiate analgesic control, associated with multimodal strategies in order to reduce opioide consumption; to promote the lowest level of sedation necessary avoiding over-sedation. Also, in case of the need of sedatives, choose the most appropiate for the @entity1 needs, avoiding the use of @entity1245 and identify risk factors for @entity933 , in order to prevent its occurrence, diagnose @entity933 and treat it with the most suitable pharmacological agent, whether it is @entity1767 , atypical antipsychotics or @entity6948 , once again, avoiding the use of @entity1245 and decreasing the use of opioids.

title: Clinical practice guidelines for evidence-based management of sedoanalgesia in XXXX adult @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of the persistent petrosquamosal venous sinus in @entity1 with @entity102 media using a high-resolution CT scan. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty-four @entity1 older than 6 years of age underwent surgery (in a total of 92 ears) for @entity102 media at Kyoto University Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. We used high-resolution CT scans to evaluate the prevalence and size of persistent petrosquamosal sinuses, as well as their relative position to the middle fossa. RESULTS: A petrosquamosal sinus was detected in 42 (45.7%), a higher frequency than in ears without @entity102 media (10.3%). The diameter of the sinuses was <1.0 mm in 20 ears, 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm in 17 ears, and >2.0 mm in 5 ears. The petrosquamosal sinus was positioned inferior to the lowest part of the middle fossa in 10 ears. CONCLUSION: The petrosquamosal sinus was detected frequently in high-resolution CT scans in @entity1 with @entity102 media. In approximately half of the @entity1 , the sinus was larger than 1 mm in diameter and may be encountered during mastoidectomy.

title: Detection of the petrosquamosal sinus in XXXX media using high-resolution CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic otitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the eukaryotic cell expression of wild-type @entity29714 ( @entity32712 ) (wMYOC) gene and @entity46836 mutation type @entity32712 ( @entity32712 ) gene so as to understand the mechanism of @entity725 ( @entity725 ). METHODS: HeLa cells were cultured and then transfected with the vector pEGFP-N3-wMYOC, recombinant plasmid with wild type @entity32712 gene and enhanced green @entity941 gene, or the vector pDsRed2-N1- @entity32712 , recombinant plasmid with mutation @entity32712 gene and red @entity941 gene, respectively, or co-transfected with these 2 plasmids. Corresponding blank vectors pEGFP-N3 and pDsRed2-N1 were used as markers. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the localization of red fluorescence and green fluorescence. Laser co-focusing microscopy was used to observe the effect of co-transfection. The green and red @entity941 antibodies were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS: Green fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm of the HeLa cells transfected with the blank vector pEGFP-N3, in an even distribution; and red fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm of the HeLa cells transfected with the blank vector pDsRed2-N1, in an even distribution too. The cells transfected with pEGFP-N3-wMYOC showed evenly-distributed green fluorescence in the cytoplasm, and the cells transfected with pDsRed2-N1- @entity32712 showed red fluorescence in the cytoplasm in a state of aggregation. Both red and green fluorescence could be seen in the cells co-transfected with pEGFP-N3-wMYOC and pDsRed2-N1- @entity32712 , both in a state of aggregation and co-localization. Laser co-focusing microscopy showed the same results. Protein with the relative molecular weight of 83,000, identical to that of the recombinant protein of wMYOC protein and green @entity941 , could be found in the culture fluid and cell lysate of the pEGFP-N3-wMYOC-transfected cells; however, could be found in the lysate only but not in the culture fluid of the co-transfected cells. Protein with the relative molecular weight of 81,000, identical to that of the recombinant protein of @entity32712 protein and red @entity941 , could be found in the cell lysates of the pDsRed2-N1- @entity32712 -transfected cells and the pEGFP-N3-wMYOC and pDsRed2-N1- @entity32712 co-transfected cells, but not in the culture fluid of both cells. CONCLUSION: Both the WMYOC and @entity32712 genes can be expressed and localized in the cytoplasm. @entity32712 protein shoes a tendency of aggregation and disorder in secretion, and affects the expression and secretion of wMYOC, thus influencing the factions of the trabecular meshwork and causing @entity725 .

title: [Comparative study of eukaryotic cell expression of wild-type and XXXX mutation type @entity29714 gene].

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity46836 :: ('p|SUB|P|370|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Pro370Leu']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity46836 :: (p|SUB|P|370|L,ProteinMutation) :: ['Pro370Leu']


abstract: @entity1030 is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for developing this chronic airflow impairment, but the early progression of disease is not well defined or understood. Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) SPECT provides a noninvasive assessment of lung function to further our current understanding of how CS affects the lung. METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 were imaged with V/Q SPECT and CT after 8 and 24 wk of whole-body exposure to mainstream CS. Bronchoalveolar lavage was collected and cell differentials produced to determine inflammatory patterns. Histologic lung sections were collected, and a semiautomated quantitative analysis of airspace enlargement was applied to whole histology slices. RESULTS: Exposure to CS induced an inflammatory response that included increases in the numbers of both mononuclear cells and neutrophils. Airspace enlargement was also significantly increased at 8 wk of CS exposure and was still more pronounced at 24 wk. Ventilation and perfusion correlation at the voxel level depicted a significant decrease in matching at 8 wk of CS exposure that was also apparent after 24 wk. The standard deviation (SD) of the log(V/Q) curve, a basic measure of heterogeneity, was increased from 0.44    0.02 in age-matched controls to 0.62    0.05 with CS exposure at 24 wk, indicating an increase in V/Q mismatching between 8 and 24 wk of CS exposure. CT, however, was not capable of discriminating control from CS-exposed animals at either time point, even with greater resolution and respiratory gating. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that, before CT detection of structural changes, V/Q imaging detected changes in gas-exchange potential. This functional impairment corresponded to @entity55 and increased airspace enlargement. In vivo V/Q imaging can detect early changes to the lung caused by CS exposure and thus provides a noninvasive method of longitudinally studying @entity358 in preclinical models. In the future, these measures could be applied clinically to study and diagnose the early stages of @entity1030 .

title: @entity358 using ventilation and perfusion SPECT in a XXXX model of chronic cigarette smoke exposure.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['increased lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Early post-twinning mutational events can account for discordant phenotypes in monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs. Such mutational events may comprise genomic alterations of different sizes, ranging from single nucleotides to large copy-number variations (CNVs). @entity2463 ( @entity2463 ) and the @entity13393 complex (BEEC) represent the most severe end of the @entity600 spectrum. Recently, @entity471 studies in @entity1 with sporadic @entity2463 and the BEEC have identified de novo events that occur in specific chromosomal regions. We hypothesized that early arising, post-twinning CNVs might contribute to discordance in MZ twin pairs with @entity2463 or the BEEC; knowledge of such CNVs might help to identify additional chromosomal regions involved in the development of these @entity600 . We investigated four discordant MZ twin pairs (three @entity2463 and one BEEC) using molecular karyotyping arrays comprising 1,140,419 markers with a median marker spacing of 1.5 kb. Filtering the coding regions for possible disease-causing post-twinning de novo CNVs present only in the affected twin, but not in the unaffected twin or the parents, identified a total of 136 CNVs. These 136 CNVs were then filtered against publicly available databases and finally re-evaluated visually. No potentially causative @entity471 remained after applying these filter criteria. Our results suggest that post-twinning @entity471 events that affect coding regions of the genome did not contribute to the discordant phenotypes in MZ twin pairs that we investigated. Possible causes for the discordant phenotypes include changes in regulatory elements or smaller genetic changes within coding regions which may be detectable by whole-exome sequencing.

title: @entity471 analysis in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13393 :: ('MESH:C564009', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy-epispadias']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['ARM', 'Anorectal malformations']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'urorectal malformation']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['urorectal malformations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the extraction of deciduous @entity235 on palatally displaced @entity235 (PDCs), to analyze the impact of the age of the @entity1 on this interceptive treatment, and to assess the outcome of one-sided extraction of a maxillary primary @entity235 on the midline of the maxilla. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 48 PDCs in 24 consecutive @entity1 with bilateral PDCs. The mean age of the @entity1 at diagnosis was 11.6 years (standard deviation 1.2 years). After randomization, one deciduous @entity235 of each @entity1 was assigned to extraction, and the contralateral side served as control. The @entity1 were then followed at 6-month intervals for 18 months with panoramic and intraoral occlusal radiographs. RESULTS: The rates of successful eruption of the PDCs at extraction and control sites were 67% and 42%, respectively, at 18 months. The difference between the sites was statistically significant, and the effect was significantly more pronounced in the younger @entity1 . A significant decrease in arch perimeter occurred at extraction sites compared to control sites during the observation period. No midline shift toward the extraction side was observed in any @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The extraction of the deciduous @entity235 is an effective measure in PDC cases, but it must be done in younger @entity1 in combination with early diagnosis, at the age of 10-11 years. Maintenance of the perimeter of the upper arch is an important step during the observation period, and a palatal arch as a space-holding device is recommended.

title: Effect of interceptive extraction of deciduous @entity235 on palatally displaced maxillary XXXX : a prospective randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'canines']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term results of bilateral alveolar bone grafting carried out at Great Ormond Street Hospital from 1983 to 1993. Fifty-five consecutive complete bilateral @entity3384 @entity1 (36 males and 19 females) who had the operation were included in this study. The total number of cleft sites was 110. At the time of alveolar bone grafting, the mean age of the @entity1 was 12.3 years with a range of 8.4-19.9 years. Cancellous bone from the iliac crest was grafted into the alveolar cleft areas. The cleft sites were studied in two groups according to whether the cleft @entity235 had erupted prior to bone grafting or not. The erupted @entity235 group was composed of 43 cleft sites and the unerupted @entity235 group of 67 sites. At the time of this study, the cleft @entity235 had subsequently erupted at 101 sites. Anterior occlusal radiographs were taken before and after bone grafting. The minimum period of observation after alveolar bone grafting was one year. Criteria described previously were utilized to assess the height of the interdental septum. The results show that bone grafting before @entity235 eruption has a higher clinical success rate compared with that carried out after @entity235 eruption. The critical variable affecting the quality of bilateral alveolar bone grafting is the timing of the surgery.

title: Bilateral alveolar bone grafting: a report of 55 consecutively-treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. We examined the involvement of the frontal cortex in the 5-HT2A receptor-induced inhibition of @entity750 neurones in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of the anaesthetized @entity35 using single-unit recordings complemented by @entity5019 -immunocytochemistry. 2. Both transection of the frontal cortex as well as ablation of the medial region of the prefrontal cortex (mPFC) significantly attenuated the inhibition of @entity750 neurones induced by systemic administration of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, @entity10097 (0.5-16 microg kg(-1), i.v.). In comparison, the response to @entity10097 was not altered by ablation of the parietal cortex. The inhibitory effect of @entity10097 was reversed by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, @entity10098 (0.1 mg kg(-1), i.v.) in all neurones tested. 3. In contrast, cortical transection did not alter the sensitivity of @entity750 neurones to iontophoretic application of @entity10097 into the DRN. Similarly, cortical transection did not alter the sensitivity of @entity750 neurones to systemic administration of the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, @entity903 (0.1-0.8 mg kg(-1) , i.v.). 4. @entity10097 evoked excitation of mPFC neurones at doses (0.5-32 microg kg(-1), i.v.) in the range of those which inhibited @entity750 cell firing. At higher doses (32-512 microg kg(-1), i.v.) @entity10097 inhibited mPFC neurones. @entity10097 (0.1 mg kg(-1), s.c.) also induced @entity5019 expression in the mPFC. The neuronal excitation and inhibition, as well as the @entity5019 expression, were antagonized by @entity10098 . 5. These data add further support to the view that the inhibitory effect of 5-HT1A receptor agonists on the firing activity of DRN @entity750 neurones involves, in part, activation of a 5-HT1A receptor-mediated postsynaptic feedback loop centred on the mPFC.

title: Role of the medial prefrontal cortex in 5-HT1A receptor-induced inhibition of XXXX neuronal activity in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-HT']


abstract: Exposure of @entity19 to the anesthetic gas nitrous @entity8369 ( @entity3727 ) produces a marked antinociceptive effect. Protein kinase C is a key regulatory enzyme that may be targeted by general anesthetics. However, a relationship between @entity3727 -induced antinociception and protein kinase C has yet to be established. The present study was conducted to identify whether protein kinase C might influence @entity3727 -induced antinociception in @entity19 . Regular exposure (11 min) to @entity3727 produced concentration-dependent antinociception in @entity19 , as determined using the abdominal constriction test. @entity3727 -induced antinociception was attenuated by i.c.v. pretreatment with @entity10670 , a protein kinase C activator. This @entity10670 antagonism of @entity3727 -induced antinociception was reversed by i.c.v. pretreatment with @entity11616 , a protein kinase C inhibitor. Long-term exposure (41 min in total, including 30 min prior to, and 11 min of analgesic testing) to 70% @entity3727 produced reduced analgesic effects, compared with regular exposure to 70% @entity3727 , thus indicating acute tolerance to @entity3727 -induced antinociception. However, @entity19 pretreated with @entity11616 , @entity668 , which is another protein kinase C inhibitor, and @entity10670 , did not develop acute tolerance. Regarding activation of protein kinase C, regular exposure to 70% @entity3727 did not increase protein kinase C within the membrane fraction of brain tissue, as determined by immunoblot analysis, but long-term exposure to 70% @entity3727 did. The i.c.v. pretreatment with @entity11616 and @entity10670 prevented the increase in protein kinase C observed with long-term exposure to 70% @entity3727 . These results suggest that brain protein kinase C negatively regulates the antinociceptive effect of @entity3727 , and that activation of brain protein kinase C is related to the development of acute tolerance to @entity3727 -induced antinociception in @entity19 .

title: Involvement of brain protein kinase C in nitrous @entity8369 -induced antinociception in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity668 :: ('MESH:C016299', 'Chemical') :: ['chelerythrine']

entities_list: @entity10670 :: ('MESH:D015240', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate']

entities_list: @entity11616 :: ('MESH:C058819', 'Chemical') :: ['calphostin C']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity369 vasopressin ( @entity1831 ) binds to two distinct receptors to initiate vasopressor (V1 receptor) and hydroosmotic actions (V2 receptor). Internalization and recycling of the V1 receptor in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and hepatocytes have recently been demonstrated. However, the receptor cycle of the AVP V2 receptor in the renal collecting tubules has not yet been well defined. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the AVP V2 receptor cycle, including AVP binding to the surface receptor, internalization and potential recycling in isolated outer medullary collecting tubules. The maximal AVP surface binding was reached in 10 min, and 25 micrograms/ml trypsin completely inhibited the surface binding. A Scatchard plot of 125I-AVP surface binding indicated a single population of V2 receptors with a Kd of 1.92 x 10(-9) M and a Bmax of 1.77 x 10(-11) M or 590 fmoles/mg protein. 81.7% (72-85%) of specific bound receptor was internalized (specific surface binding: 742.8 +/- 111.1 vs internalized binding: 607.3 +/- 27.8 fmoles bound/mg protein). More than 90% of surface bound receptor was recycled to the cell surface after internalization (control surface binding: 584.0 +/- 64.0 vs recycled surface binding: 546.6 +/- 32.0 fmoles bound/mg protein). @entity1880 (40 micrograms/ml) did not inhibit the receptor recycling (control recycled surface binding: 546.6 +/- 32.0 vs @entity1880 recycled surface binding: 505.0 +/- 54.8 fmoles bound/mg protein), thus suggesting that the receptors were not resynthesized after dissociation from the receptor-ligand complex. These studies therefore demonstrate that the AVP V2 receptor is internalized and recycled in the @entity35 renal collecting tubule.

title: @entity369 vasopressin receptor internalization and recycling in XXXX renal collecting tubules.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide', 'Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['Arginine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Expression of cell surface MHC class I:peptide complex requires coordinated expression of multiple genes such as MHC class I heavy chain, @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ), @entity16595 and @entity22944 , and proteosomal components @entity10553 and @entity10554 . All of these genes are expressed at defined and distinct levels in normal tissues, and are inducible by @entity379 . While the cis elements involved in transcription of the MHC class I heavy chain, @entity2262 , @entity16595 and @entity10553 have been analyzed extensively, those for @entity22944 and @entity10554 have not been well studied. Here we systematically analyzed the cis elements for @entity22944 transcription. We found at least two independent elements that are sufficient to activate transcription of a reporter gene. One (hereby called @entity22944 P1) is located 5' to the @entity22944 exon 1, while the other (hereby called @entity22944 P2) is a transcription initiator residing in intron 1. Analysis of the 5' sequence of @entity22944 mRNA indicates that both promoters are active. Moreover, while the @entity22944 promoter region contains cis elements that can mediate @entity22944 induction by @entity379 , such as gamma-activation site and IFN response factor binding element (IRFE), only the IRFE is required for @entity379 induction of @entity22944 promoter in vitro. The IRFE appears to work as an enhancer for the initiator (P2). Together with another promoter recently identified by others, @entity22944 therefore has three independent promoters that can be differentially regulated.

title: Cis elements for transporter associated with antigen-processing-2 transcription: two new promoters and an essential role of the IFN response factor binding element in XXXX -mediated activation of the transcription initiator.

entities_list: @entity16595 :: ('6890', 'Gene') :: ['TAP-1', 'transporters associated with antigen-processing (TAP)-1']

entities_list: @entity10553 :: ('5698', 'Gene') :: ['LMP-2', 'low-molecular weight polypeptide (LMP)-2']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['IFN-gamma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between prenatal maternal stress, @entity600 ( @entity600 ) and low birthweight (LBW). METHODS: Forty-seven @entity1 exposed to life-threatening rocket attacks during pregnancy were compared to 78 unexposed @entity1 . @entity1 were interviewed within 9 months of delivery regarding socio-demographic background, smoking and perceived level of stress prenatally. Clinical data was obtained from hospital records and information regarding rocket attacks was obtained from official local authorities. RESULTS: @entity1 exposed to rocket attacks during the second trimester of pregnancy were more likely to deliver LBW @entity1 than were unexposed @entity1 (14.9% versus 3.3%, p = 0.03). No association was found between stress exposure and @entity600 . A multivariate logistic regression revealed that every 100 alarm increment increased the risk of LBW by 1.97 (adj.OR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.05-3.7). Perceived stress was not associated with LBW. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to rocket attacks during the second trimester of pregnancy was associated with LBW. Objective stress can be used as an indicator of stress. Further studies are required to understand the underlying mechanism.

title: The association between prenatal maternal objective stress, perceived stress, XXXX and low birthweight.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth', 'PTB']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is the most common @entity943 , however the mechanism(s) causing @entity955 remain poorly understood and therapy is suboptimal. The @entity8452 receptor ( @entity23395 ) is the major @entity460 ( @entity141 ) release channel on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) required for excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we sought to determine whether intracellular diastolic SR Ca2+ leak via @entity23395 plays a role in triggering @entity955 and whether inhibiting this leak can prevent @entity955 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We generated 3 knock-in @entity19 with mutations introduced into @entity23395 that result in leaky channels and cause exercise induced @entity1165 in @entity1 [ @entity1165 ( @entity1165 )]. We examined @entity955 susceptibility in these three @entity1165 @entity19 models harboring @entity23395 mutations to explore the role of diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in @entity955 . @entity955 was stimulated with an intra-esophageal burst pacing protocol in the 3 @entity1165 @entity19 models ( @entity23395 - @entity45773 +/-, 70%; @entity23395 - @entity45774 +/-, 60%; @entity23395 - @entity45775 +/-, 35.71%) but not in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 (P<0.05). Consistent with these in vivo results, there was a significant diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in atrial myocytes isolated from the @entity1165 @entity19 models. @entity45776 ( @entity45776 ) is an @entity23395 subunit that stabilizes the closed state of @entity23395 and prevents a @entity141 leak through the channel. Atrial @entity23395 from @entity23395 - @entity45773 +/- @entity19 were oxidized, and the @entity23395 macromolecular complex was depleted of @entity45776 . The Rycal drug S107 stabilizes the closed state of @entity23395 by inhibiting the oxidation/phosphorylation induced dissociation of @entity45776 from the channel. S107 reduced the diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in atrial myocytes and decreased burst pacing-induced @entity955 in vivo. S107 did not reduce the increased prevalence of burst pacing-induced @entity955 in @entity45776 -deficient @entity19 , confirming that @entity45776 is required for the mechanism of action of the drug. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that @entity23395 -mediated diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in atrial myocytes is associated with @entity955 in @entity1165 @entity19 . Moreover, the Rycal S107 inhibited diastolic SR Ca2+ leak through @entity23395 and pacing-induced @entity955 associated with @entity1165 mutations.

title: XXXX leak through @entity8452 receptors leads to @entity955 in 3 @entity19 models of @entity1165 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['polymorphic ventricular tachycardia', 'catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia', 'CPVT']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism that how @entity1 enterovirus 71 (EV71) invades the brainstem and how @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) participates by analyzing the expression and distribution of @entity1 EV71, and @entity2071 in brainstem of @entity1 with @entity3308 . METHODS: Twenty-two brainstem of @entity1 with @entity3308 were collected as the experimental group and 10 brainstems of fatal @entity299 were selected as the control group. The sections with perivascular cuffings were selected to observe EV71-VP1 expression by immunohistochemistry method and @entity2071 expression was detected for the sections with EV71-VP1 positive expression. The staining image analysis and statistics analysis were performed. The experiment and control groups were compared. RESULTS: (1) EV71-VP1 positive cells in the experimental group were mainly astrocytes in brainstem with nigger-brown particles, and the control group was negative. (2) @entity2071 positive cells showed nigger-brown. The expression in inflammatory cells (around blood vessels of brain stem and in glial nodules) and gliocytes increased. The results showed statistical difference comparing with control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The @entity3308 can be used to diagnose fatal EV71 @entity281 in @entity1 . EV71 can invade the brainstem via hematogenous route. @entity2071 may play an important role in the pathogenic process.

title: [Distribution of @entity1 enterovirus 71 in brainstem of XXXX with @entity3308 and @entity281 mechanism].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem encephalitis', 'brain stem encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecules-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity1577 may fail to thrive despite recommended caloric intake because of electrolyte disurbances caused by salt depletion resulting in @entity5838 or @entity9475 . In most @entity1 reported symptoms began in infancy, but it may be an initial presentation of disease in a previously healthy adolescent. CASE REPORT: A 15-year-old @entity1 was admitted for evaluation of recurrent episodes of malaise associated with @entity2700 and @entity810 . Laboratory analysis showed @entity5838 with @entity2753 and @entity1371 . On admission the @entity1 was @entity28 , with body weight of 95.5 kg (> @entity13333 ), height 174 cm (> @entity2251 ), and body mass index of 31.2 kg/m2 (> @entity9485 ). Physical examination was inconclusive. Blood pressure holter monitoring proved significant systolic @entity101 . Routine urinalysis, protein and electrolyte levels in urine were normal. Plasma @entity916 and aldosteron were normal. Sweat @entity2865 concentration was 63 mmol/L. Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1577 . CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of atypical presentation of @entity1577 in an adolescent presented with @entity9475 and signs of @entity28 and @entity101 . We suggest that every @entity1 with @entity5838 should be evaluated for @entity1577 .

title: Atypical presentation of XXXX adolescent with @entity101 and @entity9475 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity9475 :: ('MESH:D001477', 'Disease') :: ["pseudo-Bartter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis--obese']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the cardiac side effects, primarily the occurrence of @entity741 in symptom-free @entity1 with early @entity0 treated with radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-seven survivors of a former randomized study of early @entity0 were examined. Twenty @entity1 irradiated pre- or postoperatively for @entity10584 (study group @entity1 ) were compared with 17 controls who were either treated for right sided disease, or were nonirradiated @entity1 . Radiotherapy was randomized in the original study; either tangential field 60Co, or electron-therapy was delivered. Echocardiography and bicycle ergometry stress test with 99mTc SestaMIBI myocardial perfusion scintigraphy were carried out and the @entity1 ' major risk factors for @entity741 were also listed. RESULTS: Our results showed a significant difference between the scintigraphic findings of the two groups. Five of the 20 study group @entity1 (25%), while none of the 17 controls exhibited some kind of significant defects on scintigraphy, indicating @entity741 (p < 0.05). No deterioration in left ventricular systolic and/or diastolic function could be detected by echocardiography. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy for left sided @entity0 with the mentioned treatment technique may present as an independent risk factor in the long-term development of @entity741 , @entity1002 could not be related to the previous irradiation. We emphasize the need to optimize adjuvant radiotherapy for early @entity0 by considering the dose both to the heart as well as the @entity5 .

title: Morbidity of XXXX in early @entity0 15-20 years after adjuvant radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity10584 :: ('MESH:C537001', 'Disease') :: ['left sided disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['while left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Right ventricular (RV) remodelling may be an important determinant of clinical outcome in @entity1 undergoing mitral valve surgery for @entity339 . In the present study we hypothesised that, compared to valve replacement, mitral valve repair for degenerative @entity339 may result in better RV remodelling, as assessed by real-time, three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE). METHODS: Forty unselected @entity1 with @entity339 were recruited prospectively. Two-dimensional (2DE) and RT3DE studies were performed prior to surgery and 6 months postoperatively. RV volumes, @entity64 volume, ejection fraction and mass, as well as RV pressures were calculated. Regression analysis was used to demonstrate the effect of surgical mitral repair and replacement on reverse RV remodelling. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 underwent mitral valve repair and 19 valve replacement. Mean age was 59.5    15.4 years. Five @entity1 who underwent repair (23.8%) developed recurrent MR within 6 months postoperatively. RV systolic pressure was reduced from 39.3    11.9 mmHg, to 25.4    8.3 mmHg after surgery (p=0.027). Compared to preoperative volumes, 6 months after surgery there was a significant reduction in RV diastolic volume and @entity64 volume (from 106.4    16.3 ml to 80.4    12.1 ml and from 69.2    15.4 ml to 52.2    14.1 ml, respectively, p<0.001), and an increase in RV ejection fraction (from 54.5    9.2% to 67.3    8.5%, p<0.001). Over a 6-month follow-up period there were no deaths. Overall, the functional class was significantly improved in 39/40 @entity1 (97.5%) but there was no difference between the repair and replacement groups. Using a multivariate regression analysis model including all parameters composing RV remodelling postoperatively, mitral valve repair was the strongest predictor of reverse RV remodelling (reduction of RV end-diastolic volume, p<0.01; reduction of RV mass, p<0.01; reduction of tricuspid regurgitant velocity, p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve repair leads to more favourable reverse RV remodelling, assessed by RT3DE, compared to valve replacement. This may have important clinical implications.

title: Mitral valve repair results in better right ventricular remodelling than valve replacement for degenerative XXXX : a three-dimensional echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation', 'degenerative mitral valve regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity1 with a neurogenic @entity1494 with the ileal cecal segment has generally been disregarded as an option due to concerns regarding @entity1241 . We report our results using a hemi-Indiana pouch @entity1494 for @entity1494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of 63 @entity1 with @entity1494 treated with a hemi-Indiana pouch @entity1494 was performed. None of the @entity1 had @entity1241 before surgery. RESULTS: Median followup interval was 6 years (range 1 to 10). Etiology of the @entity1494 was @entity1566 in 42 @entity1 (66%), @entity2590 in 18 (29%) and sacral agenesis in 3 (5%). One @entity1 (1.5%) died immediately postoperatively from a @entity358 . Of the remaining 62 @entity1 , urinary continence was achieved in 54 (87%) and 8 were incontinent per the @entity1661 . All 8 @entity1 were treated with Contigen injections into the stoma and 4 (50%) became continent. The 4 @entity1 with persistent @entity322 became continent after open surgical revision. Postoperatively, fecal continence was improved in 14 @entity1 (23%), unchanged in 46 (74%) and worse in 2 (3%). In 2 @entity1 with deterioration in bowel function stool frequency and fecal soilage increased in conjunction with antibiotic usage. No @entity1 had chronic @entity1241 . CONCLUSIONS: In select @entity1 with @entity1494 ileal cecal @entity1494 with a continent tapered ileal limb results in a 100% incidence of urinary continence with minimal alterations in fecal continence.

title: Fecal and urinary continence after ileal cecal cystoplasty for the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder', 'bladder augmentation', 'neurogenic bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal stoma']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['neurogenic bladder']


abstract: @entity24621 was identified in 1995 as the etiologic agent of @entity3358 ( @entity3358 ) in Southern Argentina. We describe herein the main clinical characteristics of 25 @entity3358 confirmed cases acquired in this area between 1993 and September 1999. The mean age was 34 years (range 11-70), with 72% males. Clinical characteristics were similar to those previously reported for @entity22918 (SNV) cases. However, in this group of @entity1 we also observed conjuntival injection in 10/25 (42%), facial flushing in 8/25 (33%), pharyngeal congestion in 7/25 (29%) and petechiae in 3/25 (12%). On the other hand, BUN was increased in 83% of cases (mean 0.77 g/l range 0.31-2.01). Mean serum @entity1011 concentration was 26.8 mg/l (range: 8.1-110 mg/l) with serum @entity1011 being higher than 20 mg/l in 8/15 @entity1 (53%). Urinalysis was abnormal in 12/12 cases and was characterized by presence of proteins, red blood cells and granular casts. Aminotransferases were increased in 90% of cases with levels 5-10 times over normal values in 50% of cases. Serum @entity908 kinase concentration was elevated in 11/14 cases. Two @entity1 required hemodialysis. Case fatality rate was 44% (11/25) and 10 of these cases died among the first 10 days of illness. Mononuclear @entity2401 was observed in two cases, a finding that has not been reported for SNV cases. During the 1996 @entity3358 outbreak in Southern Argentina due to @entity24621 , there were epidemiological and molecular evidences of @entity1 -to- @entity1 transmission, a feature not previously shown for other members of the hantavirus genus. These data would also be indicative of some distinctive clinical characteristics of @entity3358 caused by @entity24621 , with more frequent renal involvement than in SNV cases.

title: [ XXXX in southern Argentina].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity3358 :: ('MESH:D018804', 'Disease') :: ['HPS', 'Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity22918 :: ('37705', 'Species') :: ['Sin Nombre virus']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity3358 :: (MESH:D018804,Disease) :: ['Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laser treatment of @entity1211 is a major challenge because of the large variations in skin pigmentation, anatomic location, and vessel size and depth. OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and effectiveness of electro-optical synergy, a new technology that combines the 900 nm diode laser with radiofrequency current for the treatment of @entity1211 . METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with Fitzpatrick skin types II to IV were treated for @entity1211 with simultaneous radiofrequency energy (60-80 J/cm3) and optical diode laser energy (fluence 80-100 J/cm2) in one to three sessions. All lesions measured less than 100 cm2. Lesion clearance was evaluated by three specialists on the basis of digital photographs taken before the first treatment @entity676 months after the last treatment. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 showed a complete response and one @entity1 a partial response. The results were rated excellent in the 13 @entity1 and good in one @entity1 . Transient @entity4 , erythema, and @entity158 were present in all @entity1 , with permanent @entity2318 in only one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The combination of laser light and radiofrequency energy is effective and safe for the treatment of @entity1211 . It provides additional heating of the vessels without increasing laser intensity. The side effects are minimal.

title: Treatment of XXXX with combined radiofrequency current and 900 nm diode laser.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['facial venous malformation', 'venous malformations', 'facial venous malformations']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['facial venous malformations']


abstract: Using translational fusions to lacZ, we have measured expression from the promoters of @entity16258 regulatory genes, nifA and fixK, and structural genes, nifH and fixA, in other fast-growing rhizobia whose @entity1568 fixation regulation is less known. Neither nifA nor fixK promoters were activated under both free-living microaerobic and symbiotic conditions, except in R. tropici, where clear symbiotic activation of either nifA or fixK expression could be observed. Both nifH and fixA promoters showed strong heterologous activation during symbiosis and weak activation under free-living @entity1568 starvation conditions. Only when the nifH promoter was in R. tropici and @entity14441 . phaseoli, was clear induction observed in the microaerobic free-living state. Deletion analysis of these promoters suggested that a NifA binding site (UAS) was needed for full heterologous activation of nifHp, either in microaerobiosis or symbiosis. In contrast, the UAS region seemed to be unnecessary for fixA activation. However, a region containing a potential integration host factor (IHF) binding site was observed to be needed for complete heterologous symbiotic induction from fixAp. The moderate induction observed in @entity1568 -free medium only required the sigma 54 holoenzyme recognition sequence; this may be indicative of the existence of non-specific activation by NtrC-like proteins. Our results suggest possible common and different features in the control mechanisms of the @entity1568 fixation gene expression among Rhizobium species.

title: Analysis of the expression from XXXX fix-promoters in other Rhizobium backgrounds.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity14441 :: ('384', 'Species') :: ['R. leguminosarum bv']

entities_list: @entity16258 :: ('382', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium meliloti']

answer: @entity16258 :: (382,Species) :: ['Rhizobium meliloti']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study describes the outcomes of @entity1 from the @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) Study Registry to determine how the location of @entity943 presentation influences survival. BACKGROUND: Most studies of @entity1167 report outcome following out-of-hospital resuscitation. In contrast, there are minimal data on long-term outcome following in-hospital @entity1167 . METHODS: The @entity2132 Study was a multicenter, randomized comparison of drug and defibrillator strategies to treat life-threatening @entity943 . A Registry was maintained of all @entity1 with sustained @entity943 at each study site. The present study includes @entity1 who had @entity2132 -eligible @entity943 , both randomized and not randomized. @entity1 with in-hospital and out-of-hospital presentations are compared. Data on long-term mortality were obtained through the National Death Index. RESULTS: The unadjusted mortality rates at one- and two-year follow-ups were 23% and 31.1% for @entity1 with in-hospital presentations, and 10.5% and 16.8% for those with out-of-hospital presentations (p < 0.001), respectively. The adjusted mortality rates at one- and two-year follow-ups were 14.8% and 20.9% for @entity1 with in-hospital presentations, and 8.4% and 14.1% for those with out-of-hospital presentations (p < 0.001), respectively. The adjusted long-term relative risk for in-hospital versus out-of-hospital presentation was 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with @entity1 with out-of-hospital presentations of life-threatening @entity943 not due to a reversible cause, @entity1 with in-hospital presentations have a worse long-term prognosis. Because location of @entity943 presentation is an independent predictor of long-term outcome, it should be considered as an element of risk stratification and when planning clinical trials.

title: In-hospital versus out-of-hospital presentation of life-threatening @entity943 predicts survival: results from the XXXX Registry. @entity2132 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators', 'AVID']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['AVID']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1066 ( @entity1066 ) is often resistant to medical and surgical treatment. AIM: To determine whether biofeedback retraining is a useful treatment for this condition. @entity1 : Thirteen consecutive @entity1 with @entity1066 (three @entity1 , median age 34 years, median duration of symptoms three years) underwent treatment. Previous surgical treatment had failed in five. METHODS: @entity1 were evaluated prospectively. Anorectal physiological studies were performed in 11 @entity1 before treatment. A standardised questionnaire was used before and after treatment, and all but two @entity1 were examined after treatment. RESULTS: Median follow up was nine months (range 3-22 months). After treatment four @entity1 were asymptomatic, and four felt improved. Symptom improvement or elimination occurred in: need to strain (7/13 @entity1 ), digitation (7/11), laxative use (5/9). Time in the toilet (median 30 v 10 minutes, before v after treatment) and number of visits to toilet (6 v 3/day) were also improved. Three @entity1 were able to maintain employment before treatment compared with eight after treatment. The solitary @entity1066 did not heal completely in any of the nine @entity1 examined after treatment, but improved in four. Previous surgery, the macroscopic appearance of the @entity1066 , the presence of pelvic floor paradox, and other physiological parameters did not predict outcome. CONCLUSION: Biofeedback retraining is a useful treatment for this condition. Long term studies are now required.

title: Prospective evaluation of the treatment of XXXX with biofeedback.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'SRUS', 'Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['solitary rectal ulcer syndrome']


abstract: @entity2778 is a beta-blocker with class III antiarrhythmic properties that has recently been used in @entity1 for the treatment of supraventricular and @entity943 . However, little is known about its electrophysiologic effects on the immature heart. Using intracardiac electrocardiographic recordings and stimulation techniques, 15 @entity235 neonates (8-15 days) and 15 adult mongrel @entity235 were studied with cumulative doses of @entity2778 (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg plus an additional dose of 8 mg/kg for neonates). Heart rate decreased significantly in the two groups, but more in adult @entity235 (-43% in adult @entity235 versus -25% in neonates, p less than 0.05). There was no significant change for QRS duration and His-Purkinje system conduction time interval. QT and atrioventricular nodal conduction time intervals increased in adult @entity235 and neonates. Sinus node recovery time increased significantly in the two groups, but more in adult @entity235 . Refractory periods of the atrioventricular (AV) node increased significantly in neonates. @entity956 was no longer inducible in 12 of 15 neonates after the 2 mg/kg dose. Atrial effective refractory period increased significantly more in neonates (96%, p less than 0.001) than in adult @entity235 (58%, p less than 0.001). Ventricular effective refractory periods increased significantly both in neonates (46%) and adult @entity235 (50%), in a similar way. In conclusion, @entity2778 has greater electrophysiologic effects on the immature heart at the atrial level when compared to the adult, and similar effects on the refractory period of AV node and ventricle.

title: Electrophysiologic effects of @entity2778 on the immature XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity2778 :: ('MESH:D013015', 'Chemical') :: ['Sotalol', 'sotalol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Augmented and prolonged expression of @entity11603 ( @entity11603 ) was recently reported in lymphoid cells from @entity1 @entity1252 @entity1 , suggesting that @entity2936 / @entity11603 pathway was involved in the pathogenesis of systemic @entity792 . This study was thus designed to study the expression of @entity2936 and @entity11603 among cell populations within inflammatory joints of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The result showed that most B cells and monocytes in synovial fluids (SF) expressed @entity2936 . Cultured synovial fibroblasts also stained positive for @entity2936 . Regarding @entity11603 , we found that T cells as well as B cells could express @entity11603 . Compared with normal controls, @entity309 @entity1 had higher levels of @entity11603 + T cells (8.71 +/- 17.69% vs 1.74 +/- 2.30%, P > 0.05) and @entity11603 + B cells (7.71 +/- 7.64% vs 1.12 +/- 1.59% P < 0.05). After in vitro stimulation, T cells from @entity309 @entity1 had higher and longer @entity11603 expression than T cells from normal peripheral blood. For investigating the effect of @entity2936 expressed on synovial fibroblasts on @entity310 production in joint compartment, we used anti- @entity2936 antibody to bind @entity2936 on fibroblasts for one hour and then co-cultured with synovial fluid mononuclear cells. We found that the levels of @entity310 decreased in the presence of anti- @entity2936 antibody. We concluded that there was an intrinsic hyperexpression of @entity11603 on lymphoid cells within @entity309 , and synovial fibroblasts could contribute to articular inflammation through surface @entity2936 molecule.

title: Expression of @entity2936 and XXXX ligand among cell populations within rheumatoid synovial compartment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid joints', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity2936 :: (958,Gene) :: ['CD40']


abstract: We sought to assess survival, predictors of adverse outcomes, and complication rates in a more recent series of adults undergoing percutaneous @entity2333 (PABV) for symptomatic @entity7874 . While aortic valve replacement is the treatment of choice for adults with symptomatic @entity7874 , PABV has been used in selected @entity1 who are not good surgical candidates. Registries of @entity1 who underwent PABV over 15 years ago have shown poor long-term survival and high procedural complication rates. This single-center cohort study enrolled consecutive adults undergoing PABV between 1989 and 2005 for @entity7874 . Demographic, hemodynamic, and procedural data, as well as vital status, were collected by chart review and query of the National Death Index. The study included 78 @entity1 : mean age 78 +/- 11 years, 51% female, 90% @entity712 , 61% coronary disease, and 8% @entity454 . While 22% had a major procedural complication, this rate tended to decrease over time (P=0.068). In the cohort, 87% died with a median survival of 6.6 months. According to NDI records, the primary cause of @entity204 was cardiac in 54% of deaths. Survival was significantly higher in @entity1 <or=70 years and those bridged to aortic valve replacement. PABV in @entity1 who are elderly and not candidates for bridge to aortic valve replacement is associated with poor long-term survival. The decrease in the complication rate over the past 15 years has important implications regarding the morbidity associated with percutaneous aortic valve replacement techniques.

title: Long-term mortality, cause of @entity204 , and temporal trends in complications after percutaneous XXXX for @entity7874 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['calcific aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic balloon valvuloplasty']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic balloon valvuloplasty']


abstract: Cancers of the breast, endometrium, and ovary account for 41% of incident @entity5 among @entity1 . Many risk factors for @entity0 have been identified, but most are associated with only modest elevations in risk. Also, of all the risk factors identified, few are likely to be affected by intervention programs. The pathogenesis of @entity0 is not well understood, but @entity172 and possibly @entity172 plus @entity1420 are likely to be etiologically involved. For @entity1204 , a major etiologic pathway is exposure to @entity172 without cyclic exposure to @entity1420 . Most of the established risk factors for @entity1204 appear to affect risk at least in part through this pathway. Only a few risk factors for @entity43 have been identified. The two most commonly suggested etiologic mechanisms for @entity43 are (a) that @entity1155 reduces risk and (b) that suppression of pituitary gonadotropins reduces risk. Each hypothesis is consistent with some, but not all, of the data. Prospects for the primary prevention of these @entity5 are discouraging at present because few of the risk factors identified to date are readily subject to modification, especially for @entity0 , and the underlying etiologies of these @entity5 are not well understood, particularly for @entity5344 .

title: Epidemiology and primary prevention of XXXX of the breast, endometrium, and ovary. A brief overview.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['suppression of ovulation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An experimental 26-valent M protein Group A streptococcal (GAS) vaccine has entered clinical studies. Pharyngeal GAS emm type surveillances in different areas and time-periods enhance the understanding of the epidemiology of @entity883 . Moreover, these surveillances, combined with the data on GAS invasive disease, can play a significant role in the formulation of multivalent type-specific vaccines. METHODS: During a 7-year period (1999-2005), 2408 GAS isolates were recovered from consecutive @entity1 with @entity7551 in Western Greece. The overall @entity7646 resistance rate was 22.8%. Along the study period we noted a tendency towards significantly decreased rates of resistance, with the lowest rates occurring in 2002 (15.3%), 2003 (15%) and 2004 (16.7%). A random sample of isolates from each year, 338 (61.7%) of the 548 @entity7646 -resistant and 205 (11%) of the @entity7646 -susceptible, underwent molecular analysis, including emm typing. RESULTS: The 543 typed isolates had 28 different emm types. A statistically significant association was found between @entity7646 resistance and emm4, emm22 and emm77, whereas emm1, emm3, emm6, emm12, emm87 and emm89 were associated with @entity7646 susceptibility. A significant yearly fluctuation was observed in emm4, emm28 and emm77. The most common @entity7646 -resistant GAS were emm77 isolates harboring erm(A), either alone or in combination with mef(A), emm4 carrying mef(A), emm28 possessing erm(B), emm75 carrying mef(A), emm12 harboring mef(A) and emm22 carrying erm(A). We estimated that 82.8% of the isolates belonged to emm types included in the novel 26-valent M protein vaccine. The vaccine coverage rate was determined mainly by the increased frequency of nonvaccine emm4 isolates. CONCLUSIONS: A limited number of emm types dominated among @entity7646 -susceptible and @entity7646 -resistant GAS isolates. We observed seasonal fluctuations, which were significant for emm4, emm28 and emm77. This type of data can serve as baseline information if the novel 26-valent M protein GAS vaccine is introduced into practice.

title: Seven-year surveillance of emm types of pediatric Group A XXXX isolates in Western Greece.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['GAS pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

answer: @entity883 :: (MESH:D013290,Disease) :: ['streptococcal pharyngitis']


abstract: @entity295 induced by gram negative bacteria, especially @entity526 is often accompanied by a severe @entity3459 . It can be treated by blood exchange transfusion (ET) with heparinized blood. In this study the hematological effect obtained by the exchange transfusion was investigated in @entity95 after induction of a generalized Shwartzman reaction by two spaced injections of endotoxin (75 microgram/kg) 24 hrs. apart. Three groups of 6 animals each were investigated: group I: without endotoxin but with ET (controls); group II: endotoxin without ET; group III: endotoxin with ET. Fibrinogen, soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC), fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP), platelet- and leukocyte counts and urine volume (ml/hr) were estimated. In group II a decline in the fibrinogen level, and in platelet and leukocyte count, as well as an increase in SFMC and FDP could be observed from 6 hrs. on after the second endotoxin injection. In group III 6 hrs. after the second endotoxin injection, exchange transfusion with heparinized blood was performed. Variance analysis showed significant differences in all parameters, except in the urine volumes after exchange transfusion between group III and group II. By exchange transfusion an approach of the values towards the values of the controls could be recognized. The findings indicate, that by blood exchange transfusion the hematological consequences of the endotoxin induced @entity5642 can be corrected, while the dysfunction of the kidneys can be improved only slightly.

title: The effect of heparinized blood exchange transfusion on endotoxin induced @entity5642 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Sepsis of the newborn']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation disorder']

answer: @entity5642 :: (MESH:D004211,Disease) :: ['DIC']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of nonsurgical abnormal uterine bleeding treatments for bleeding control, quality of life (QOL), @entity158 , @entity458 , @entity1 satisfaction, additional treatments needed, and adverse events. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Cochrane databases, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched from inception to May 2012. We included randomized controlled trials of nonsurgical treatments for abnormal uterine bleeding presumed secondary to endometrial dysfunction and abnormal uterine bleeding presumed secondary to @entity409 . Interventions included the @entity2692 intrauterine system, combined oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), @entity7828 , nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and antifibrinolytics. @entity4396 agonists, @entity1872 , and placebo were allowed as comparators. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Two reviewers independently screened 5,848 citations and extracted eligible trials. Studies were assessed for quality and strength of evidence. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Twenty-six articles met inclusion criteria. For reduction of @entity548 in @entity1 with abnormal uterine bleeding presumed secondary to endometrial dysfunction, the @entity2692 intrauterine system (71-95% reduction), combined OCPs (35-69% reduction), extended cycle oral @entity7828 (87% reduction), @entity927 (26-54% reduction), and NSAIDs (10-52% reduction) were all effective treatments. The @entity2692 intrauterine system, combined OCPs, and antifibrinolytics were all superior to luteal-phase @entity7828 (20% increase in bleeding to 67% reduction). The @entity2692 intrauterine system was superior to combined OCPs and NSAIDs. Antifibrinolytics were superior to NSAIDs for @entity548 reduction. Data were limited on other important outcomes such as QOL for @entity1 with abnormal uterine bleeding presumed secondary to endometrial dysfunction and for all outcomes for @entity1 with abnormal uterine bleeding presumed secondary to @entity409 . CONCLUSION: For the reduction in mean @entity190 in @entity1 with @entity548 presumed secondary to abnormal uterine bleeding presumed secondary to endometrial dysfunction, we recommend the use of the @entity2692 intrauterine system over OCPs, luteal-phase @entity7828 , and NSAIDs. For other outcomes (QOL, @entity158 , @entity458 , @entity1 satisfaction, additional treatments needed, and adverse events) and for treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding presumed secondary to @entity409 , we were unable to make recommendations based on the limited available data.

title: Nonsurgical management of XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['Gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual bleeding', 'heavy menstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ovulatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual health']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['heavy menstrual bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this retrospective study, both the @entity1 ' and surgeons' satisfaction with resection of the first through fifth metatarsal heads for long-standing @entity309 was evaluated. METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 (56 feet) had first through fifth metatarsal head resection. After a mean time of 5.3 years, 39 feet (69.6%) (26 @entity1 ) were examined clinically and radiographically. RESULTS: The complication rate was 14% (8 of 56). There were four superficial and four deep wound @entity281 . Plantar pressure @entity158 under the resected metatarsal heads occurred in six feet. Most @entity1 rated their cosmetic and functional results as good. Eighteen percent of @entity1 (6 of 34) were satisfied and 78% (26 of 34) were satisfied with reservations. Thirty-three percent of @entity1 (11 of 34) were @entity158 free and 53% (18 of 34) had mild @entity158 . The surgeons assessment of the @entity1 ' anatomical correction (cosmesis) was good in 90% (50 of 56) and poor in 10% (6 of 56). CONCLUSIONS: Our results, which are comparable to those of other studies, confirm the success of metatarsal head resection for the treatment of inflammatory forefoot destruction in @entity309 to @entity85 , @entity158 , improve ambulation, and offer the @entity1 a greater variety of shoewear.

title: Long-term results after metatarsal head resection in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'reduce pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['correct deformity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid forefoot deformity']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lobectomy for @entity358 is renowned to be technically complex and to be subjected to an increased complication rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the results obtained with @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) in benign disease are comparable to those obtained in oncologic surgery, where @entity1104 has been validated. METHODS: We have reviewed the files of 246 consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity1104 lobectomy from January 2012 to August 2015. The cohort was divided into two groups according to pathology (benign or malignant). Outcome parameters on scrutiny were demographics, pathology, duration of air leak, drainage and hospital stay, conversion, and perioperative complication rate. Comparisons were made with the    (2) test and Student's t test; any p value <= 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: Group 1 (36 @entity1 ) included @entity1 who underwent lobectomy for benign disease and group 2 (210 @entity1 ) @entity1 affected by @entity2 or pulmonary metastases. The two groups differed with reference to age (p  <  0.001), history of @entity5 (p  <  0.001), history of @entity64 (p  =  0.05), and the presence of @entity456 (p  =  0.03). There was no difference for duration of air leaks, chest tube drainage and hospital stay, conversion rate, and perioperative complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pathology did not impact on outcomes after @entity1104 lobectomy. This study suggests that @entity1104 is as a safe option in selected @entity1 with benign disease requiring lobectomy, despite a more complex technical context.

title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a safe option for XXXX requiring lobectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['benign lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['video-assisted surgery', 'VATS']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural adhesions']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['benign lung diseases']


abstract: We evaluated renal-preserving endourology in the diagnosis and management of upper tract @entity5 . Referral @entity1 were identified for the endourologic management of upper urinary tract @entity5 between January 1990 and May 1996 at two tertiary care referral centers. Chart reviews, indications for intervention, and treatment outcomes were assessed. Twenty @entity1 (mean age 66 years; range 32-89; males 14; females 6) underwent endourologic diagnosis and/or management of upper tract urothelial neoplasms. Mean follow-up was 25 months. The diagnosis of @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) was endoscopically confirmed in all cases. Twenty-one biopsies were performed for pathological diagnoses; one identified pathological muscle that assisted in clinical staging. Percutaneous approaches were required in four @entity1 (six kidneys) as a result of inadequate retrograde access or excessive @entity5 burden. Four (44%) renal @entity530 recurred after long-term follow-up; ureteral recurrences occurred in 4 (80%) of 5 @entity1 . Open surgery was required in six @entity1 for excessive @entity5 burden/concurrent muscle invasive @entity150 . No endoscopically managed @entity1 developed @entity3 . No @entity1 died as a result of @entity1606 . Endourologic biopsies are small, yet sufficient for pathological diagnoses of @entity5 ; most biopsies lack muscle to evaluate staging. Recurrent @entity5 are common and may require multiple staged endoscopic interventions. Successful endoscopic management of @entity3484 is primarily related to @entity5 burden and pathological grade. Minimally invasive endourologic management of @entity5 should be considered in select @entity1 . Open surgical management does not equate with failure.

title: Endoscopic management of upper tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['upper urinary tract neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'upper tract tumors', 'urothelial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urothelial tumors']


abstract: Exposure to cigarette smoke is emerging as an environmental risk factor for @entity15 ( @entity15 ). We investigated the possible association between environmental @entity286 smoke, its cumulative exposure, and @entity15 risk. We used data from the Iranian @entity15 Registry to identify a case-control of 662 @entity1 who had @entity15 and a comparison group of 394 @entity1 . Information regarding current smoking status, including the number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration, and smoking pack-years indicative of cumulative dose of @entity286 smoked was obtained. We analyzed the incidence of @entity15 among ever-smokers who had been smokers during their disease course and prior to disease onset in comparison with never-smokers who had never been exposed by calculating the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) employing logistic regression. Of the 662 @entity15 @entity1 , there were 523 @entity1 (79.0%) and 139 @entity1 (21.0%), with a mean age of 31    10.0 years at disease onset. The risk for @entity15 was increased among ever-smokers (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.22-2.59, p = 0.03) compared to never-smokers. As compared with never smokers, the OR for @entity1 with 6-10 pack years was 2.91 for @entity1 (95% CI = 1.11-9.47, p = 0.03) and 1.69 for @entity1 (95% CI = 1.02-6.45, p = 0.04). Our results demonstrate that cigarette smoking is significantly associated with an increased risk for @entity15 . The risk effects of smoking were more noticeable in male @entity1 and at higher @entity286 doses.

title: Cigarette smoking and associated risk of XXXX in the Iranian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: AIM: Fat graft migration following spinal cord surgery is an uncommon problem. Only few cases of fat graft migration causing cauda @entity1641 syndrome, recurrent sciatica, and root compression following lumbar spine surgery have been reported. We report a case of fat graft migration causing symptomatic @entity1745 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 45-years-old male with @entity4720 underwent anterior C4-5 discectomy and excision of hypertrophied ligament. A dural tear that occurred during the procedure was repaired with fat graft harvested from thigh. Significant improvement in stiffness was noted postoperatively. After 15 days, the @entity1 presented again with worsening lower limbs stiffness. Magnetic resonance imaging of spine was done which revealed displacement of the fat graft causing @entity1745 . RESULTS: Re-exploration was done and the migrated fat graft was removed. Post operatively @entity1 noticed significant improvement in stiffness in both lower limbs. CONCLUSION: Autologous fat graft is one of the best materials used in sealing the dural @entity5173 during spinal surgery. However sometimes it may migrate and cause compression of cord and roots with relative symptoms. This complication should be kept in mind as removal of migrated fat graft will relieve these symptoms.

title: Fat graft migration causing recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cord compression']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['cervical cord compression']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and severity of @entity1596 in an outpatient pediatric @entity625 clinic in the midwestern United States during the 1990s. METHODS: The prevalence and clinical characteristics of @entity1596 were studied retrospectively for all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity625 at Shriner's Hospital for Crippled @entity1 and followed by the pediatric rheumatology and ophthalmology units of the St Louis @entity1 's Hospital between 1992 and 1995. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 (9%) developed @entity1596 in a population of 78 @entity1 with @entity625 . Six of the seven @entity1 were female, and all six females had anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)-positive, @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The prevalence of anterior @entity1596 in females with ANA-positive, @entity309 was 20%, and in polyarticular @entity309 , 17%. One of the @entity1 with @entity1596 had combined @entity309 and @entity370 ; the @entity1 with @entity1596 had @entity1511 . @entity625 preceded the onset of @entity1596 in each @entity1 by 1 to 13 years (average, 6.4 years). Progression of the @entity1596 in three of the @entity1 resulted in @entity2372 and @entity231 , causing significant @entity227 in two (i.e., in 29% of the @entity1 who developed @entity1596 ). CONCLUSION: The prevalence and ocular morbidity of @entity1596 in @entity625 appears to have remained relatively stable over the last 2 decades. Onset of the @entity1596 in several of the @entity1 in our study population occurred more than a decade after the diagnosis of @entity625 . @entity1 with ANA-positive @entity309 and @entity1 with @entity1511 may need to be followed by periodic slit-lamp examination for longer periods than recommended previously.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in an outpatient @entity625 clinic: onset of @entity1596 more than a decade after onset of @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'Girls', 'boys', 'girls', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile arthritis', 'arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['band keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['pauciarticular JRA', 'juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'JRA']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: 28 polygraphic recordings were made in normal @entity1 : 20 in full-term newborns and 8 in 2- to 10-wk-old babies. In full-term newborns sighs and @entity386 (greater than 5 sec) were significantly more numerous in active (REM) sleep, while @entity427 prevailed in quiet (NREM) sleep. The incidence of all these events diminished with age. Important interindividual differences of their frequency were noted in normal babies. There were not time correlations between the @entity386 (decreasing from newborns to 2-10 wk of age) and out-of-phase respiration in active sleep (no changing during the same period). Sighs, @entity386 , @entity427 and limb movements did not modify phase relationships between @entity1514 and abdominal movements. Where movements were out of phase, only body movements involving the thorax were followed by transient period with in phase respiratory movements. Coincidences between occurrence of sighs, @entity386 , @entity427 , gross body movements and respiratory amplitude diminution were calculated. There was no constant parallelism between out-of-phase thoracico-abdominal respiration and tonic chin activity inhibition nor respiratory rate irregularity. A hypothesis on neurological mechanism underlining these phenomena is proposed.

title: Respiratory and motor events in sleeping XXXX : their correlation with thoracico-abdominal respiratory relationships.

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['startles']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate the sensory status of @entity1 with acquired @entity5971 who were able to re-establish stable alignment by optical correction and surgery and to determine the possible predictors of the different sensory outcomes. METHODS: Thirty-four successfully aligned esotropic @entity1 were included in the study. Preoperative evaluation comprised history taking, measurement of visual acuity, evaluation of the sensory status (using the Worth 4-Dot test, and the Titmus Stereo test), measurement of @entity2194 , cycloplegic refraction, and fundus examination. All @entity1 underwent successful surgical alignment to within 10 prism diopters (Delta) of orthotropia. At each postoperative follow-up visit, the sensory functions and ocular alignment were assessed. Statistical analysis of the results was performed. RESULTS: Among the 34 @entity1 included in the study, 62% achieved fusion, 17% had @entity892 , 15% had suppression, and 6% had a variable response to the Worth 4-Dot test at 6 months after surgery. Stereopsis was achieved in 32% as determined by the Titmus Stereo test. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the sensory status and the duration of strabismus (P=.00002), the age at surgery (P=.00289), and postoperative ocular alignment (P=.02211). CONCLUSION: Early surgical and optical ocular alignment of strabismic @entity1 is advisable to achieve fusion and stereopsis.

title: Factors affecting sensory functions after successful postoperative ocular alignment of acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular deviation']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression levels of the type I IFN system in muscle and lung of @entity28613 ( @entity28613 ) model and to evaluate whether the type I IFN system associates with the pathogenesis of the @entity28613 model in @entity35 . METHODS: The @entity28613 model was established to determine @entity908 kinase (CK) in blood serum. The pathology of muscle and lung tissue was examined by @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. The concentration of type I IFN system mRNA in muscle and lung tissue was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The concentration of CK in model group [(209.17    91.95) IU/L] was significantly higher than that of two control groups (P < 0.05). The scores of muscle and lung in @entity28613 model were significantly higher than that of control groups (all P < 0.05). The expression levels of the type I IFN system in muscle of @entity28613 model were significantly higher than that of control groups (all P < 0.05). The expression levels of the type I IFN system in muscle with @entity28613 model were positively correlated with CK and the scores of muscle (all P < 0.05). The expression levels of IFNa, @entity17129 , @entity46060 , @entity30235 ( @entity30235 ), @entity46061 ( @entity46061 ) in lung of @entity28613 model were significantly higher than those of control groups (P < 0.05), but not seen in @entity46062 ( @entity46062 ) and @entity46063 ( @entity46063 ). The expression levels of IFNa, @entity17129 , @entity46060 , @entity30235 and @entity46061 in lung with @entity28613 model were positively correlated with the scores of lung pathology (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The type I IFN system probably played a crucial role in the pathogenesis and the pathology of muscle and lung of @entity28613 model.

title: [The expression of the type I interferon system in muscle and lung of autoimmune myositis XXXX model].

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity46062 :: ('56824(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IFIT1', 'INF-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1']

entities_list: @entity28613 :: ('MESH:D020721', 'Disease') :: ['experimental autoimmune myositis', 'EAM']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity30235 :: ('25124(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription 1', 'STAT1']

entities_list: @entity46061 :: ('24575(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['myxovirus resistance protein 1', 'MX1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of and predictors for @entity455 in @entity1 who required perioperative intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) support. METHODS: Data from 580 @entity1 collected with a retrospective review were statistically analyzed with 25 perioperative parameters, and significant variables were evaluated with multivariate analysis. These data were also statistically compared with data from a 1983 study from our institution. RESULTS: @entity455 occurred in 72 @entity1 (12.4%). The three aortic perforations were fatal. Ipsilateral @entity63 occurred in 69 @entity1 . Of these, @entity63 was resolved in 82% of @entity1 by IABP removal (21), thrombectomy (21), vascular repair (13), fasciotomy (2), or without intervention (2). Six @entity1 died with the intraaortic balloon in place. Four @entity1 required amputation for @entity63 , but all survived. CONCLUSIONS: @entity455 were not predictive of operative @entity204 (p = 0.26). Risk analyses with 25 perioperative parameters revealed that history of @entity1095 , female sex, history of smoking, and postoperative insertion were independent predictors of @entity455 . However, most risk for @entity455 cannot be explained by these factors because of a low R2 value. Compared with the results of our 1983 study, the incidence of @entity532 has not changed, but the severity of complications has decreased significantly, and IABP-induced @entity204 has decreased significantly.

title: XXXX from intraaortic balloons: risk analysis.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications', 'Vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['leg ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['IABP-related complications']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Vascular complications']