abstract: OBJECTIVES: The outcome and the therapy of @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ), and @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) are quite different, so the differential diagnosis is of considerable importance. To evaluate the usefulness of renal biopsy in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 , we examined the relationship between the clinical parameters and the histopathological findings in different age groups. METHODS: Renal biopsy specimens and clinical and laboratory data from 216 @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 were evaluated. According to their age, three groups were defined: 17-35 years (group I), 36-59 years (group II), and more than 60 years (group III). RESULTS: The study showed that, beside the duration of @entity6 , other clinical parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. @entity102 was the most common clinical manifestation in group I (44.1 %) and in group II (34.0 %). Among @entity1 in group III, we found a high prevalence of @entity177 (34.3 %) and @entity1985 (28.6 %). Consistent with the clinical manifestations, @entity8 was the most common pathologic finding in group I (29.4 %) and in group II (34.7 %), whereas the most frequent abnormalities in group III were @entity8 (25.7 %) and @entity75 (14.3 %). Overall, among these @entity1 , 14 cases were diagnosed with @entity2316 (6.5 %), 179 with @entity2316 (82.9 %), while 23 had concurrent @entity2316 and @entity2316 (10.7 %). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that the clinical manifestations and pathologic findings in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 in different age groups have different features. This study emphasized the usefulness of renal biopsy for determining the pattern of @entity8 and thus for the overall management of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of renal biopsies in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with XXXX : a clinicopathological study of 216 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'membranous nephropathy', 'renal damage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'DN', 'NDRD', 'non-diabetic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial lesions']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic nephritic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the @entity10308 premutation and @entity11157 ( @entity11157 ) in the Spanish population and the possible incorporation of this test in gynecological procedures for @entity1 with @entity11157 or @entity7793 ( @entity7793 ). DESIGN: Clinical and molecular genetic study. Ninety-eight premutated and six full-mutated carriers of @entity2100 and 43 @entity1 with @entity11157 were studied by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis for the CGG repeat expansion in the @entity10308 gene. RESULTS: Among premutated carriers, 12.2% (12 of 98) presented with @entity11157 , and 15.3% (15 of 98) presented with @entity7793 . Neither @entity11157 nor @entity7793 was observed in any of the six full-mutated @entity1 . Two @entity1 of 43 from the @entity11157 population (4.65%) were carriers for the CGG premutation in the @entity10308 gene. No correlation between CGG expansion size and age at menopause was found. A biased paternal origin of the premutation and a high twinning incidence was found in all premutated @entity1 , whether they had @entity11157 or not. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the hypothesis that the @entity10308 gene is one of the genes associated with @entity11157 and @entity7793 . Analysis of the CGG expansion in the @entity10308 gene may be justified in @entity1 with @entity11157 and @entity7793 until the real role of the @entity10308 premutation is determined.

title: Implications of the XXXX gene in menopause: study of 147 Spanish @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['POF', 'premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['early menopause', 'EM']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile X syndrome']

answer: @entity10308 :: (2332,Gene) :: ['FMR1']


abstract: The Chemotherapy Alliance for Neutropenics and the Control of Emerging Resistance Program (CANCER) monitored the susceptibility of pathogens recovered in hematology/oncology centers from 2000 to 2002. A total of 3970 isolates from 32 hospitals (26 United States, 6 Canada) were analyzed at a central location (JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, IA) for trends in pathogen occurrence and reference antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. The top 5 ranking pathogens were @entity794 (19.3%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (14.1%), @entity526 (13.4%), Enterococcus spp. (10.2%), and @entity4005 spp. (9.5%). A total of 35.5% of @entity794 and 78.8% of CoNS were resistant to @entity6101 , whereas 22.0% of Enterococcus spp. were resistant to @entity2176 . @entity526 and @entity4005 spp. were highly susceptible (>90%) to @entity3400 / @entity7120 , 3rd-generation cephalosporins, and @entity2177 , but 3.9% and 2.4% of these species, respectively, met screening criteria for extended spectrum beta-lactamase production. Enterobacter spp. were less susceptible to @entity3400 / @entity7120 , @entity5505 , and @entity2756 (83.7-88.2%) because of Amp C production and were most inhibited by @entity6944 and @entity2892 . @entity4509 and @entity6414 were very active against @entity796 (97.4-97.7% susceptible). Prevalence of @entity794 , @entity526 , Enterobacter spp., and @entity4005 spp. increased significantly (+48% to 98%) with age, whereas CoNS and viridans group streptococci decreased markedly (-62% to 69%) with advancing age. The isolation of Gram-positive pathogens declined (55% to 47%) with age (< or =14 to > or =65 years). @entity2887 generally exhibited decreased susceptibility with increased age against nearly all listed pathogens. Oxacillin resistance rates for @entity794 increased with age (6-46%) as did @entity2176 resistance rates for enterococci (nil in < or =14 years group to 18-24% in adults). Pathogens infecting @entity1398 @entity1 did not reflect greater resistance than those found in the general hospitalized @entity1 . Gram-positive organisms were only slightly more predominant (53.4%), and cited age-related variations in pathogen occurrence and/or susceptibility patterns by species must be considered for empiric regimes for hematology and oncology @entity1 .

title: Influence of XXXX age on the frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates from hematology/oncology @entity1 : report from the Chemotherapy Alliance for Neutropenics and the Control of Emerging Resistance Program (North America).

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['cefepime']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['polymyxin B']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['Amikacin']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: To evaluate the effectiveness of bilateral uterine arteries and ovarian artery ligation followed by B-Lynch compression suturing in controlling @entity548 . METHODS: In this retrospective study, the data of eight @entity1 that had uterine atony during cesarean section and treated by bilateral uterine and ovarian artery ligation followed by B-Lynch compression suturing during the period from February 2009 to September 2010 were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Eight cases were treated by the above protocol; the average age of the @entity1 was 25.25 +/- 5.09 years, and the mean gestational age was 35.75 +/- 3.80 weeks. Seven of the @entity1 were primiparous. They were hospitalized on average 5.25 +/- 2.31 days. The mean operation time was 61.25 +/- 24.60 minutes and mean estimated @entity190 was 2787.5 +/- 1573.38 ml. Internal iliac artery ligation was necessary in one @entity1 only. Hysterectomy was not performed in any of the @entity1 . Five @entity1 had intraoperative or postoperative blood transfusion. CONCLUSION: The addition of uterine artery and ovarian artery ligation to the B-Lynch suture may be considered as a major hemostatic step before proceeding to hysterectomy in cases of @entity3556 , and all gynecologic surgeons should be familiar with it.

title: Bilateral uterine and ovarian artery ligation in addition to B-lynch suture may be an alternative to hysterectomy for uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['atonic postpartum hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['uterine atony bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['atonic hemorrhage']


abstract: AIMS: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) is a common complication among @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and is associated with increased mortality. The goal of this study was to derive and validate a prediction score for @entity810 in @entity712 @entity1 . METHODS: The hospital medical records of 1709 @entity1 with @entity712 were reviewed. @entity810 was defined as an increase in serum @entity1011 (SCr) of >= 26.4    mol/L or >= 50% within 48   h. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was undertaken to develop a new prediction score. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic test were calculated to assess the discrimination and calibration of the prediction score, respectively. RESULTS: @entity810 developed in 32.2% of @entity1 with @entity712 . Factors independently associated with the risk of @entity810 included: >= 70 years of age, >= 3 previous hospital admissions for @entity712 , systolic blood pressure <90   mmHg, serum @entity1372 <130   mmol/L, heart functional class IV, @entity644 , SCr >= 104    mol/L and intravenous @entity1483 dose >= 80   mg/day. A prediction score for @entity810 was derived based on the b coefficients of each risk factor. @entity1 with >= 8 points would be considered at high risk for development of @entity810 (55.1% incidence vs 18% in those with <8 points, P   <   0.001). Both the derived and validated datasets showed adequate discrimination (area under ROC curve was 0.76 in both datasets) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic test, P   =   0.98 and 0.13, respectively). CONCLUSION: The newly derived and validated clinical prediction score may effectively predict @entity810 in the @entity1 hospitalized with @entity712 .

title: Derivation and validation of a prediction score for acute kidney injury in @entity1 hospitalized with XXXX in a Chinese cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['AHF', 'acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'Acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['acute heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that lifestyle behavior changes are most effective to prevent onset of @entity6 in high-risk @entity1 . Primary care providers are charged with encouraging behavior change among their @entity1 at risk for @entity6 , yet the practice environment and training in primary care often do not support effective provider counseling. The goal of this study is to develop an electronic health record-embedded tool to facilitate shared @entity1 -provider goal setting to promote behavioral change and prevent @entity6 . METHODS: The ADAPT (Avoiding @entity6 Thru Action Plan Targeting) trial leverages an innovative system that integrates evidence-based interventions for behavioral change with already-existing technology to enhance primary care providers' effectiveness to counsel about lifestyle behavior changes. Using principles of behavior change theory, the multidisciplinary design team utilized in-depth interviews and in vivo usability testing to produce a prototype @entity6 prevention counseling system embedded in the electronic health record. RESULTS: The core element of the tool is a streamlined, shared goal-setting module within the electronic health record system. The team then conducted a series of innovative, "near-live" usability testing simulations to refine the tool and enhance workflow integration. The system also incorporates a pre-encounter survey to elicit @entity1 ' behavior-change goals to help tailor @entity1 -provider goal setting during the clinical encounter and to encourage shared decision making. Lastly, the @entity1 interact with a website that collects their longitudinal behavior data and allows them to visualize their progress over time and compare their progress with other study members. The finalized ADAPT system is now being piloted in a small randomized control trial of providers using the system with @entity5710 @entity1 over a six-month period. CONCLUSIONS: The ADAPT system combines the influential powers of shared goal setting and feedback, tailoring, modeling, contracting, reminders, and social comparisons to integrate evidence-based behavior-change principles into the electronic health record to maximize provider counseling efficacy during routine primary care clinical encounters. If successful, the ADAPT system may represent an adaptable and scalable technology-enabled behavior-change tool for all primary care providers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01473654.

title: Increasing efficacy of primary care-based counseling for XXXX prevention: rationale and design of the ADAPT (Avoiding @entity6 Thru Action Plan Targeting) trial.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Existing studies on sleep and behavioral outcomes are mostly correlational. Longitudinal data is limited. The current longitudinal study assessed how sleep duration and @entity25 may be causally linked to daytime functions, including physical health (physical well-being and @entity25 ), @entity458 (mood and self-esteem) and @entity4207 functioning (school grades and study effort). The mediation role of mood in the relationship between @entity25 , sleep duration and these daytime functions is also assessed. METHODS: A sample of 930 Chinese students (aged 18-25) from Hong Kong/Macau completed self-reported questionnaires online across three @entity4207 semesters. Sleep behaviors are assessed by the sleep timing questionnaire (for sleep duration and weekday/weekend sleep discrepancy) and the Pittsburgh @entity25 index ( @entity25 ); physical health by the World Health Organization quality of life scale-brief version (physical well-being) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale ( @entity25 ); @entity458 by the @entity308 @entity148 stress scale (mood) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (self-esteem) and @entity4207 functioning by grade-point-average and the college student expectation questionnaire (study effort). RESULTS: Structural equation modeling with a bootstrap resample of 5000 showed that after controlling for demographics and @entity1 ' daytime functions at baseline, @entity4207 functions, physical and @entity458 were predicted by the duration and @entity25 . While some @entity146 directly predicted daytime functions, others had an indirect effect on daytime functions through negative mood, such as @entity148 . CONCLUSION: Sleep duration and quality have direct and indirect (via mood) effects on college students' @entity4207 function, physical and @entity458 . Our findings underscore the importance of healthy sleep patterns for better adjustment in college years.

title: The interplay between sleep and mood in predicting XXXX functioning, physical health and @entity458 : a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behaviors']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'sleep quality', 'quality of sleep']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['academic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity3439 of the posterior cranial fossa after a closed- @entity542 , excluding those in newborns, is a very rare clinical event. Generally, the outcome is poor and the overall mortality rate is high. METHODS: Acute posttraumatic subdural @entity1410 of the posterior fossa associated with acute @entity1276 in two @entity1 were removed by standard suboccipital approach. Preoperatively, one @entity1 was in a @entity772 and the Glasgow @entity772 Score was 9 in another. CT scans showed obliterated mesencephalic cisterns in both cases. In the former there was a complex posterior fossa lesion, i.e., combined subdural and intracerebellar @entity1410 . The surgical decompression was completed 3 and 11 hours after injury, respectively. Intraoperative tapping of the lateral ventricle through a burr hole in the occipital area was performed in the latter case. RESULTS: Both @entity1 survived; one made a good recovery, (i.e., Glasgow Outcome Scale 4 in a @entity1 who was comatose on admission), the other did not do as well ( @entity12861 ). CONCLUSIONS: Our experience justifies the policy of mandatory early operation in cases of traumatic acute subdural @entity1410 of the posterior fossa associated with poor @entity16 , even in @entity1 of advanced age. In @entity1 with obliterated mesencephalic cisterns and/or complex posterior fossa lesions the same approach must be followed. These clinical and CT features are not necessarily predictors of a poor outcome.

title: Successful treatment of traumatic acute posterior fossa subdural XXXX : report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic condition']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although incidental @entity547 frequently are found and repaired during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), the outcomes of simultaneous LC and laparoscopic @entity4037 (LVHR) have not been scrutinized. In this study we evaluated short-term outcome data comparing simultaneous LC and LVHR against LC alone. METHODS: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database (2005-2009) was queried using primary procedure and secondary current procedural terminology ( @entity1191 (  )) codes for LC and LVHR. Outcomes analyzed included separate LC and LVHR and simultaneous laparoscopic cholecystectomy and @entity4037 (LC/LVHR). The 30 day clinical outcomes along with postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS) were assessed using the   (2) test and analysis-of-variance test with p values < 0.01 set as significant. We also performed forward stepwise multivariable regression taking in to consideration over 50 ACS NSQIP risk factors to adjust for @entity1 risk. RESULTS: A total of 82,837 @entity1 underwent LC and/or LVHR of which 357 (0.4%) underwent simultaneous LC/LVHR. @entity1 who underwent LC/LVHR were more likely to have surgical site infections, @entity295 or @entity326 , and have @entity358 , including @entity55 , reintubation or prolonged ventilator requirements, than LC-alone @entity1 . No difference was noted in 30 day mortality, rates of @entity6650 ( @entity6650 ), @entity177 , or @entity64 . After multivariable adjustment for over 50 ACS NSQIP risk factors, concurrent LC/LVHR continued to pose a higher risk for these outcomes relative to LC only. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous LC/LVHR results in greater postoperative morbidity in terms of surgical site infections, @entity295 , and @entity358 when compared to LC alone. In light of this increased short-term morbidity, consideration should be given toward performing LC and LVHR independently in @entity1 requiring both procedures. Prospective studies with long-term follow-up are required to better understand the implications of simultaneous LC/LVHR.

title: Outcomes of simultaneous laparoscopic cholecystectomy and XXXX compared to that of laparoscopic cholecystectomy alone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'suffer sepsis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity6650 :: ('MESH:D016769', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism', 'DVT/PE']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia repair']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernia repair']


abstract: Remineralization might be hampered by various polymers used in saliva substitutes. Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of various @entity460 and @entity1391 concentrations of linseed-based solutions on the mineral loss of pre-demineralized @entity291 enamel in vitro. A commercially available saliva substitute (Salinum) based on linseed was tested as well. Enamel specimens were prepared from @entity291 incisors and embedded in @entity990 resin. One-third of each sample was covered with nail varnish (control of sound enamel). After demineralization (37 degrees Celsius; pH 5.0; 14 days) another third of the samples was nail-varnished again. Subsequently, the specimens (n = 10) were exposed to 12 linseed-based solutions ( @entity141 addition 0-2 mM; @entity23548 addition 0-3.2 mM) at pH 5.5 and 6.5 as well as to Salinum) for 14 days (37 degrees Celsius). The differences in mineral loss between the values prior to and after the storage in the various solutions were evaluated from microradiographs of thin sections (100 mum). The general linear model revealed a significant dependency for the mineral loss on ' @entity460 ' (P = 0.003), but not on 'pH' (P = 0.397) and ' @entity1391 ' (P = 0.094). Salinum) induced a significant greater mineral loss compared with equivalently saturated solutions (P < 0.05; anova, Bonferroni). The solution with the highest @entity460 and @entity1391 concentration showed the greatest mineral gain (P = 0.033; paired t-test). The addition of @entity460 and @entity1391 seems to have a positive effect on the remineralizing qualities of linseed-based saliva substitutes.

title: Effect of various XXXX / @entity23548 concentrations of linseed-based saliva substitutes on enamel in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: PURPOSE: Twinkling is an artifact seen on color Doppler ultrasound as a rapidly changing mixture of red and blue behind a stationary echogenic structure. We studied the presence or absence of this artifact in @entity1607 detected on ultrasound and correlated it with clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 284 @entity1607 seen on color Doppler ultrasound. The twinkling artifact was graded as 0 to 2 and correlated with the presence or absence of @entity158 , symptom duration, degree of @entity3041 and passage of a Glidewire   guidewire across the @entity1607 during ureterorenoscopy. RESULTS: The presence or absence of twinkling was not associated with the degree of @entity3041 . Twinkling was absent in 92% of @entity1 with significant @entity158 and grade 2 twinkling was seen in 69.5% without significant @entity158 . Twinkling was dominantly absent in @entity1 with a recent colic episode, while 77% who presented 2 to 15 days after a colic episode had grade 2 twinkling. The guidewire was difficult to pass in cases with absent twinkling compared to those with grade 2 twinkling, in which the guidewire and ureteral catheter crossed the calculus easily. CONCLUSIONS: Absent twinkling is associated with significant @entity158 , a recent colic episode and difficult guidewire passage across the calculus. These findings suggest that absent twinkling implies significant obstruction, while its presence indicates no significant obstruction.

title: Clinical implications and applications of the twinkling sign in XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral calculus', 'ureteral calculi']

answer: @entity1607 :: (MESH:D014514,Disease) :: ['ureteral calculus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preclinical and clinical data suggest synergy for @entity136 and @entity901 . These agents were tested in several known @entity5 that also comprise the common @entity189 ( @entity189 ) subtypes; namely, lung and pancreaticobiliary profiles. METHODS: The study enrolled 29 @entity1 of whom 28 @entity1 were eligible for treatment. @entity136 was given at 1,000 mg/m(2) as a fixed dose rate infusion and @entity901 was infused at 100 mg/m(2) every 2 weeks with restaging performed after 3 cycles at 6 weeks. RESULTS: The study reported one complete response (CR) (4%), 6 @entity1 with a partial response (PR) (25%), and 13 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) (54%); and 4 @entity1 had @entity74 ( @entity74 ) (17%) on restaging. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival were 12.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.5-18.5) and 3.1 months (95% CI 1.7-6), respectively. The 1-year OS was 54%. The most common grade 3 @entity137 were @entity390 (22%), @entity391 (15%), and @entity1295 (11%). There were no grade 4 @entity137 . This study was closed early as we moved from an empiric therapy platform to a more individualized approach. CONCLUSIONS: @entity136 and @entity901 is a well-tolerated regimen in @entity189 with similar outcomes to previously documented @entity189 studies. In selected good performance status @entity1 this combination may serve as a first-line doublet chemotherapy option for @entity189 @entity1 .

title: A phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity901 in combination with @entity136 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['CUP', 'carcinoma of unknown primary']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of unknown primary']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The appropriate management of @entity656 has evolved considerably over the past decades. The advent of laparoscopic surgery made it necessary to reevaluate the traditional algorithms. METHODS: This study assesses the outcome of 40 @entity1 laparoscopically treated for @entity788 . The severity of @entity788 was scored by clinical and biochemical evaluation and CT findings. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed during the same admission in all cases. In no case was a preoperative @entity10747 ( @entity10747 ) performed. In 32 @entity1 (80%) with mild @entity656 was less than 1 week (group A) and in eight @entity1 (20%) with severe disease it was more than 7 days (group B). All @entity1 underwent intraoperative cholangiography. RESULTS: The rate of common bile duct (CBD) stones was 5% (two cases), both occurring in the group A. There was one perioperative @entity204 (2.5%) in group B and one late CBD injury (2.5%) in group A, not requiring surgery. Complication rate was significantly higher in group B (50%) than in group A (9.4%). CONCLUSIONS: We consider that treatment of mild-to-moderate @entity656 can be satisfactorily accomplished by laparoscopy with routine intraoperative cholangiography and laparoscopic treatment of bile duct stones, showing no mortality and low morbidity rate. Laparoscopic treatment of @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 deserves further investigation.

title: Laparoscopic management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography', 'ERCP']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis interval cholecystectomy', 'acute biliary pancreatitis']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute biliary pancreatitis']


abstract: Counseling and predictive testing are now available for the recently isolated @entity5345 and @entity2674 @entity0 susceptibility genes. We examined the societal costs of providing this counseling and testing to @entity1 at risk of having a @entity0 susceptibility mutation. Genetic counselors in a research program prospectively monitored the time necessary to provide counseling and results disclosure. A time-motion study was used to determine time spent on phone calls, preparation, and documentation for counseling. Study @entity1 were surveyed to determine travel time and need for dependent care during counseling. The test cost was calculated using the charge for full @entity6069 gene sequencing (Myriad Genetics, Inc.) multiplied by a Medicare-based cost-to-charge ratio. Counselors spent an average of 4.2 h providing genetic counseling for @entity1 at risk of having a susceptibility mutation. Genetic counseling without testing cost on average  213, whereas counseling, testing, and disclosure of results totaled  2057. A brief physician-based counseling instead of genetic counselor-based counseling would produce only small reductions in total costs. Providing counseling and testing to the study population averaged  8034 per mutation found. The cost of testing and counseling exceeded  2000. The counseling portion of the cost comprised only 16% of the total cost, with the remainder representing costs associated with testing; thus, alternatives to full genetic counseling that shorten counseling time are unlikely to have a large impact on the overall cost of counseling and testing. The cost of detecting a mutation within a population of @entity1 is highly dependent on the prevalence of the mutation in the population.

title: Cost of genetic counseling and testing for @entity5345 and XXXX @entity0 susceptibility mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: The aim of this paper is to describe and evaluate the benefits of epidural anesthesia in major surgery neonatal. We have performed a matched case-control (2:1) study of @entity1 undergoing neonatal major surgery (NMSs) who received intra-and postoperative epidural anesthesia (EA) and controls with conventional general anesthesia. The matching criteria were age, weight and baseline pathology. EA was administered by caudal puncture and epidural catheter placed with ultrasound support. @entity1343 was selected as anesthetic drug. The time to extubation, intestinal transit time, type of @entity1337 and complications were studied. This study is based on 11 cases (2 esophageal @entity1146 , 2 @entity2914 , 1 @entity3166 , 3 intestinal @entity1146 , 2 @entity2463 and 1 @entity1494 ) and 22 controls. We observed statistically significant differences in time to extubation (95% CI OR 12 1.99 to 72.35; Chi2 p = 0.004, Mann U Whytney p = 0.013) and intestinal transit time (Mann Whitney U p < 0.001, 100 Or, 95% CI 8.06-1 239; Chi2 p < 0.0001). There were no complications from @entity1337 . Therefore we believe that the intra-and postoperative EA helps improve postoperative management in neonates and should be preferred in centers where this technique is available.

title: [Benefits of XXXX in major neonatal surgery].

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['epidural analgesia', 'analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformation']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernias']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['Levobupivacaine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['epidural analgesia']


abstract: The combination of @entity6985 and @entity619 (Len-Dex) is a commonly used initial therapy for newly diagnosed @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). Although the initial response rates and @entity137 are well known, long-term outcome is not well described. We studied 286 consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1582 initially treated with Len-Dex. The median (range) age at diagnosis was 63 (28-92) years, 166 (58%) @entity1  <= 65 years and 175 (61%) male. The median estimated duration on Len-Dex was 5.3 months with overall response (>=  partial response) of 72%, including 26% with very good partial response or better. The median overall survival (OS) from the diagnosis was not reached (NR) and the estimated 5-year survival was 71%. The median time to first disease progression, irrespective of transplant status, was 30.2 months. Overall, 143 (50%) @entity1 underwent stem cell transplant. The median OS was NR for @entity1  <= 70 years and 5.8 years for the older @entity1 (P=0.01). The 5-year OS estimate for @entity1 in International Staging System stage 1, 2 and 3 were 82, 65, and 44% respectively. There were 21 new second @entity5 after @entity1582 diagnosis (6.6%). The median survival exceeding 7 years reflects the efficacy of novel agents. The risk of second @entity5 doesn't appear to be excessive in this population.

title: Long-term outcome with XXXX and @entity619 therapy for newly diagnosed @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

answer: @entity6985 :: (MESH:C467567,Chemical) :: ['lenalidomide']


abstract: 1. The possibility that the antiproliferative effect of @entity8262 - and @entity1919 -dependent vasodilators involves an impaired progression of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) through the cell cycle and expression of cyclins, which in association with the @entity1975 -dependent kinases control the transition between the distinct phases of the cell cycle, was examined. 2. FCS (10%) stimulated the transition of quiescent VSMC from the G0/G1 to the S phase (maximum within 18-24 h and then to the G2/M phase (maximum within 22-28 h). @entity1854 and @entity8263 , as well as @entity1928 and @entity5987 markedly reduced the percentage of cells in the S phase after FCS stimulation. 3. FCS stimulated the low basal protein expression of @entity12003 (maximum within 8-24 h) and E (maximum within 8-38 h) and of @entity1975 A (maximum within 14-30 h). The stimulatory effect of FCS on @entity12003 and A expression was inhibited, but that of @entity12002 was only minimally affected by the vasodilators. 4. FCS increased the low basal level of @entity12003 mRNA after a lag phase of 2 h and that of @entity1975 A after 12 h. The vasodilators significantly reduced the FCS-stimulated expression of @entity12003 and A mRNA. 5. These findings indicate that @entity8262 - and @entity1919 -dependent vasodilators inhibit the proliferation of VSMC by preventing the progression of the cell cycle from the G0/G1 into the S phase, an effect which can be attributed to the impaired expression of @entity12003 and A.

title: Growth-inhibitory effect of @entity8262 - and @entity1919 -dependent vasodilators on rat vascular smooth muscle cells: effect on cell cycle and XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity5987 :: ('MESH:D015124', 'Chemical') :: ['8-Br-cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity8263 :: ('MESH:C016276', 'Chemical') :: ['8-Br-cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1975 :: (25737(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['cyclin']


abstract: Eighty @entity291 fetuses with confirmed neosporosis were used to score lesion severity and presence of parasites in brain, heart, and liver. A comparison was made between @entity5852 cases. The possible influence of fetal age was also investigated. Histologic lesions of multifocal @entity198 , @entity2401 , and periportal @entity99 with or without focal hepatocellular @entity39 were almost always observed. Neospora caninum tachyzoites were identified immunohistochemically in 85% of the brains, 14% of the hearts, and 26% of the livers. Tissue cysts were observed in 21% of the brains. Significant differences between @entity5852 cases were found only in the liver. @entity99 were more prominent and N. caninum tachyzoites were observed more frequently and in higher numbers in epizootic cases. Examination by immunohistochemistry of the liver in addition to the brain can be highly contributive diagnostically, particularly in epizootic cases. There were no significant age-related differences except for a higher presence of tachyzoites in the hearts of younger fetuses (3-4 months gestational age).

title: XXXX fetal neosporosis: a comparison of @entity5852 cases and different age classes with regard to lesion severity and immunohistochemical identification of organisms in brain, heart, and liver.

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['epizootic and sporadic abortion']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis', 'Hepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: Nine cases identified as @entity3981 of minor salivary glands from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Department of Pathology, Temple University School of Dentistry were studied to determine the clinical and histomorphologic parameters of this lesion. One case was examined ultrastructurally. Clinical results show that the @entity5 is more common in females and the average age of @entity1 was 42.5 years. The most common sites were @entity3384 . The @entity5 tends to be locally limited, but recurrence is a distinct possibilty. Cytologic features usually associated with @entity5 are generally not present. However, perineural space and muscle invasion occur, and it is felt that this @entity5 should be considered as a low-grade @entity5 . Fine structural observations showed the presence of cells with serous secretory granules and cells with mucous globules. However, the serous secretory granules were not as numerous as those reported in the acinic cell @entity420 . It appears that these @entity5 arise from intercalated duct cells or pluripotential duct cells rather than from fully differentiated serous cells.

title: XXXX of minor salivary glands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['acinic cell adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['upper and lower lips and buccal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland']

answer: @entity3981 :: (MESH:D018267,Disease) :: ['Acinic cell adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Clinical, microbiological, serological, histological, and therapeutic aspects of two separate outbreaks of @entity36323 @entity9849 are described. The disease was characterized by a high rate of contagion, rapid onset, intense lacrimation, @entity3169 , and @entity5575 with @entity2295 . In addition, many of the animals developed @entity1576 during the second @entity3082 . The only organism consistentlyisolated was @entity39001 . A total of 23 strains were isolated from 18 inflamed conjunctivae, one normal conjunctiva, and the nasal secretions of four @entity1237 with concomitant @entity1576 . The convalescent sera of @entity1237 in the first outbreak had neutralizing antibody titers to @entity39001 that ranged from 1:32 to 1:256. In the milder second outbreak the antibody titers ranged from 1:4 to 1:32 in animals with only ocular disease and from 1:4 to 1:64 in animals with only @entity1576 . Whereas little change was noted in antibody titers of @entity1237 with only localized eye disease, 43% of the @entity1237 with @entity1576 showed significant fourfold rises. The histological picture was consistent with acute @entity281 . Animals requiring antibiotic treatment appeared to respond favorably to a combination of @entity5385 and @entity6414 , but not to @entity114 . These findings suggest that @entity39001 is one cause of @entity3082 caprine @entity9849 .

title: Epidemic caprine @entity9849 : recovery of XXXX and its possible role in pathogenesis.

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacity']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['polymyxin B']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness', 'respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity39001 :: ('45361', 'Species') :: ['Mycoplasma conjunctivae', 'M. conjunctivae']

answer: @entity39001 :: (45361,Species) :: ['Mycoplasma conjunctivae']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A register cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcome of surgery for @entity2649 without concomitant degenerative spondylolisthesis according to predominance of @entity158 and to analyze the role of spinal fusion in conjunction with decompression in @entity1 with @entity615 ( @entity615 ) or @entity158 ( @entity158 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Predominance of @entity615 is associated with inferior outcome of surgery for central @entity612 . It is unknown if using spinal fusion improves outcomes. METHODS: In a register study of 9051 @entity1 , we studied outcome of surgery in terms of @entity615 and @entity158 visual analogue scale, function (the @entity717 Index and self-estimated walking distance), health-related quality of life (Short-Form 36 and EuroQol), and @entity1 satisfaction. Outcome was analyzed for 4 groups at 1- and 2-year follow-ups; preoperative @entity615 was equal to or worse than @entity158 and decompression, preoperative @entity615 was equal to or worse than @entity158 and decompression and fusion, preoperative @entity615 was less than @entity158 and decompression, preoperative @entity615 was less than decompression and fusion. RESULTS: @entity1 with concomitant fusion were younger and had higher @entity615 and @entity717 Index scores and lower preoperative EuroQol. Predominant @entity615 was associated with inferior outcome in terms of @entity158 , health-related quality of life, and function. @entity1 most often satisfied (69%) were @entity1 with @entity615 less than @entity158 treated with decompression and fusion and the least satisfied group was @entity1 with @entity615 equal to or worse than @entity158 treated with decompression (54%). Fusion was not only associated with higher EuroQol at 1-year follow-up for @entity1 with predominant @entity615 , but also associated with increased @entity158 at 2-year follow-up in @entity1 with predominant @entity158 . @entity1 with predominant @entity615 experienced small gains in the physical component summary with fusion. CONCLUSION: Predominance of @entity615 is associated with inferior outcome. Using spinal fusion improves unadjusted outcome but the benefit is small and not clinically significant and generally disappears in the adjusted analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: XXXX pattern predicts surgical outcome more than type of surgery in @entity1 with central @entity612 without concomitant spondylolisthesis: a register study of 9051 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['BP', 'predominant back pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Preoperative pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: First treatment contact is preceded by a lengthy prodromal and @entity716 prephase. We analysed the occurrence of symptoms and disabilities prior to first contact and their consequences for medium-term illness course. METHOD: A population-based sample of 232 first episodes of @entity161 was studied retrospectively using the IRAOS and compared with matched peers from the population of origin. Further illness course was studied prospectively at six cross-sections over 5 years from first admission onwards. RESULTS: Three quarters showed a prodromal phase of 5 years (mean) and a 1-year accumulation of @entity716 . First to appear were @entity308 and early signs of @entity73 . Social disability emerged 4 to 2 years before first contact. Further illness course was determined by stage of social development at @entity716 onset with the consequence of a significantly poorer course for @entity1 than @entity1 because of @entity1 's earlier illness onset. Symptomatology, type of onset, age and gender influenced social course via stage of social development and, additionally, via young @entity1 's socially adverse illness behaviour. CONCLUSION: Social course is determined by individual stage of social development at illness onset and by early illness course. Therefore, early detection and intervention are needed.

title: Onset and early course as determinants of the further course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive and negative symptoms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and social impairment']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The effects of 6 @entity2453 reductase inhibitors: @entity8673 , @entity5753 , @entity3413 , @entity2993 , @entity5470 and @entity23260 were analyzed in cultured @entity1 smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and myoblasts. In vascular smooth muscle cells, @entity8673 was a much weaker inhibitor of @entity165 synthesis than the 5 other drugs which displayed equally strong inhibitory potency. The anti-proliferative effects of these 6 drugs were analyzed by measuring cell number and mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity ( @entity98 assay) after 3 days of incubation. IC25 values for inhibition of proliferation were very similar among the 4 cell types and were in the following order of magnitude: @entity8673 < @entity5753 = @entity3413 = @entity2993 = @entity5470 < @entity23260 . Only in the case of @entity8673 was proliferation inhibited at lower concentration in smooth muscle cells than in the other cell types. Proliferation was also assessed by measuring DNA synthesis in these cells. A 3 day-incubation with 1 microM of @entity8673 had no effect on this parameter in all 4 cell types. However, 1 microM of @entity3413 or @entity5753 caused either an inhibition (in smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells) or stimulation (in fibroblasts) of this process. The effects of @entity3413 on cell number, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and DNA synthesis were counteracted by simultaneous mevalonate addition. @entity3413 treatment was also associated with a change in the post-translational modification of the ras protein in smooth muscle cells, probably by inhibition of its farnesylation. Moreover, @entity3413 treatment blocked the PDGF and @entity540 -induced DNA synthesis in synchronized smooth muscle cells, whereas it does not affect the fetal calf serum-induced DNA synthesis in synchronized fibroblasts, suggesting that @entity3413 blocks various steps of the cell cycle and that this effect depends on the cell type and the growth signalling pathway activated.

title: Inhibition of proliferation of @entity1 smooth muscle cells by various XXXX reductase inhibitors; comparison with other @entity1 cell types.

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity5470 :: ('MESH:C065180', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity23260 :: ('MESH:C086276', 'Chemical') :: ['cerivastatin']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2453 :: (MESH:C008047,Chemical) :: ['HMG-CoA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relations between early filling deceleration time, @entity5707 , and cardiac mortality in an unselected group of postinfarction @entity1 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : Prospective evaluation of 131 consecutive @entity1 with first @entity583 . Echocardiography was performed on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 7, at three and six weeks, and at three, six, and 12 months after @entity1188 . According to deceleration time on day 1, @entity1 were divided into groups with short (< 150 ms) and normal deceleration time (>/= 150 ms). SETTING: Tertiary care centre. RESULTS: @entity1 with a short deceleration time had higher end systolic and end diastolic volume indices and a higher wall motion score index, but a lower ejection fraction, in the year after @entity1188 . These @entity1 also showed a significant increase in end diastolic (p < 0.001) and end systolic volume indices (p = 0.007) during the follow up period, while ejection fraction and wall motion score index remained unchanged. In the group with normal deceleration time, end diastolic volume index increased (p < 0.001) but end systolic volume index did not change; in addition, the ejection fraction increased (p = 0.002) and the wall motion score index decreased (p < 0.001). One year and five year survival analysis showed greater cardiac mortality in @entity1 with a short deceleration time (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively). In a Cox model, which included initial ejection fraction, @entity1188 location, and @entity1188 size, deceleration time on day 1 was the only significant predictor of five year mortality. CONCLUSIONS: A short deceleration time on day 1 after @entity583 can identify @entity1 who are likely to undergo @entity5707 in the following year. These @entity1 have a higher one year and five year cardiac mortality.

title: Short early filling deceleration time on day 1 after @entity583 is associated with short and long term XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular remodelling']

answer: @entity5707 :: (MESH:D020257,Disease) :: ['left ventricular remodelling']


abstract: As a representative substance of the @entity2555 , @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) is a widely distributed environmental contaminant. Several studies have indicated that @entity3015 exposure could impair learning and memory function in @entity1 population and animal models. @entity854 and aggregation of @entity40152 play a crucial role in @entity179 manifesting @entity4207 . In the present study, we investigated the involvement of tau hyperphosphorylation in @entity2414 after espousing to @entity3015 in SD @entity35 . Male SD @entity35 were randomly divided into five groups: the blank control group received no treatment and the others received intraperitoneal injection of @entity3015 (0, 1.0, 2.5, 6.25  mg/kg  bw) for 1, 2, and 3  months, respectively. Morris water maze was employed to observe the learning and @entity2414 . To find the relationship between cognitive functions and tau protein, we measured the site-specific phosphorylation of tau at Ser199, Ser396, Thr181, and Thr231, which are related with @entity2414 in the brain of @entity35 . The spatial and learning of @entity35 were impaired after exposing to @entity3015 for 1  month, so as 2 and 3  months compared to blank control groups, respectively. @entity35 exposed to 2.5 and 6.25  mg/kg  bw @entity3015 for either 2 or 3  months had modified behavior compared to control as indicated by the increased latencies, increased the first time arriving at the target space and decreased number crossing the platform and time in target quadrant. @entity3015 led to tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser199, Thr181, and Thr231 epitopes. And with time and dose expanded, tau protein, Ser199, Thr181, and Thr231 expression increased. However, the differences in expression of Ser396 at different doses or points were not statistically significant. Moreover, we observed a correlation between @entity2414 and tau phosphorylation levels. The present results indicate that Tau hyperphosphorylation is associated with the observed deficits in spatial learning and memory following exposure to @entity3015 in SD @entity35 .

title: Tau hyperphosphorylation is associated with spatial learning and memory after exposure to XXXX in SD @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity40152 :: ('29477(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein tau']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormal hyperphosphorylation']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['deficits of learning and memory']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['spatial and memory deficits', 'memory impairments', 'memory impairment']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a conserved class of    22 @entity4334 RNAs that playing important roles in various biological processes including chemoresistance. Recently, many studies have revealed that @entity10073 is significantly attenuated in @entity14 ( @entity14 ), suggesting that this miRNA may have a function in @entity14 . However, whether @entity10073 modulates chemosensitivity to @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) in @entity14 is still unclear. In our present study, we discuss this possibility and the potential mechanism exerting this effect. We identified @entity9625 ( @entity9625 ) as a novel direct target of @entity10073 and showed that @entity10073 expression was decreased while @entity9625 expression was increased in @entity14 cell lines. Additionally, both @entity10073 overexpression and @entity9625 inhibition attenuated cell proliferation, whereas forced expression of @entity9625 partly restored the inhibitory effect of @entity10073 on HCT116 and SW480 cells. Moreover, the @entity10073 / @entity9625 axis modulated the resistance of @entity5 cells to @entity1487 in HCT-116 and SW480 @entity694 cells via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. These results demonstrate that the @entity10073 / @entity9625 axis could play a vital role in the @entity1487 resistance of @entity694 cells. Taken together, our present study elucidated that @entity10073 upregulated @entity1487 chemosensitivity via the downregulation of @entity9625 in @entity14 and provided significant insight into the mechanism of @entity1487 resistance in @entity14 @entity1 . More importantly, our present study suggested that @entity10073 has potential as a therapeutic strategy for @entity1487 -resistant @entity14 .

title: MicroRNA-204 modulates @entity14 cell sensitivity in response to @entity1487 -based treatment by targeting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity9625 :: ('8091', 'Gene') :: ['HMGA2', 'high mobility group protein A2']

answer: @entity9625 :: (8091,Gene) :: ['high mobility group protein A2']


abstract: Organ supply is an important problem worldwide with an ever-increasing number of @entity1 on the waiting lists. Various strategies are implemented in the centers to increase the number of transplantations. Paired kidney exchange or nondirected organ donation to an exchange list is being performed for a while. However, the number of renal transplantations has failed to achieve the targeted levels. The present study aimed to provide information regarding 1-year outcomes of @entity8 , which is performed in our center, and to raise awareness about the method. Compatible donor-recipient pairs and ABO-mismatched donor-recipient pairs were invited to participate in the model of @entity8 . Of 42 donor-recipient pairs fulfilling the criteria, 22 (52.4%) accepted to participate in the model. In 4 of these 22 donor-recipient pairs, @entity1 received a kidney transplant from their own donor due to the lack of another suitable donor on the waiting list. Thus, the remaining 18 donor-recipient pairs were included in the model of @entity8 . Sixteen two-way, 1 three-way, and 1 four-way exchange kidney transplantations were performed. Thus, this provided 21 more @entity1 an opportunity to have a renal transplant. Accordingly, the number of living donor transplantations performed in our center increased by 6.1% using this method. We anticipate that the number of @entity1 on the waiting lists for transplantation would be decreased by the widespread use of @entity8 .

title: A novel experience in living donor renal transplantation: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary exchange kidney transplantation']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['voluntary exchange kidney transplantation']


abstract: @entity7995 ( @entity7995 ) is closely linked to @entity15 ( @entity15 ). It may, however, also be associated to a range of autoimmune or @entity166 . The purpose of this study was to assess the differential diagnoses in @entity1 with suspected @entity7995 . In this retrospective study, we reviewed the files of all @entity1 referred to the Clinic of @entity7995 , Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, between January 2000 and November 2011. All @entity1 were referred by ophthalmologists with possible @entity7995 . @entity1 diagnosed with @entity15 prior to referral were excluded from the study. A total of 643 @entity1 were included in the study. Apart from @entity7995 , the most frequent diagnoses were @entity5 (n = 15), @entity63 or hypertensive @entity16 (n = 13), and retinal or @entity74 (n = 9). Six @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1652 . Rarer causes of @entity227 were @entity281 (n = 5), @entity226 (n = 4), @entity370 (n = 3), @entity2743 (n = 2), and @entity1897 (n = 2). Nine percent of @entity1 referred to the Clinic of @entity7995 had symptoms caused by medical, neurosurgical or @entity74 , and 0.9 % of our @entity1 had NMO. Though most of these conditions are rare, it is of importance to keep them in mind upon encountering @entity1 with symptoms of @entity7995 .

title: Differential diagnoses to XXXX : experiences from an @entity7995 clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['ON', 'Optic Neuritis', 'Optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary or toxic neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic disorders', 'choroid disorders']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: Dysfunctions in social cognition are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity161 and have been extensively replicated over the years. For memory research, the administration of cognitive tasks with metacognitive aspects like confidence ratings has deepened our insight into how impairments contribute to symptoms of the disorder. A total of 76 @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity914 and a sample of 30 healthy @entity1 were tested with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (Eyes-test). The Eyes-test was complemented with a rating scale requesting response confidence and was administered along with paradigms tapping neuropsychological parameters and cognitive insight. @entity161 @entity1 showed impaired abilities on mental state perception. In addition, they committed more high-confidence errors and at the same time made fewer high-confidence correct responses. Impairments were most pronounced in @entity1 with @entity74 . The @entity1 displayed a decreased metacognitive awareness for their deficits. The results suggest that adding confidence ratings to the investigation of social cognition promises to advance our understanding of social cognition in @entity161 . @entity1 not only show severe @entity73 , but are overconfident in their judgments and lack cognitive insight into their deficits. The results highlight the need for metacognitive therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this population.

title: "Don't give me that look" - overconfidence in false mental state perception in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in social cognition']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['formal thought disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive technique that generates images of impedance distribution. Changes in the pulmonary content of air and blood are major determinants of thoracic impedance. This study was designed to evaluate EIT in monitoring pulmonary perfusion in a wide range of cardiac output. METHODS: Eight anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated @entity1707 were fitted with a 16-electrode belt at the mid-thoracic level to generate EIT images that were analysed to determine pulse-synchronous systolic changes in impedance (DeltaZ(sys)). @entity64 volume (SV) was derived using a pulmonary artery catheter. Reductions in cardiac pre-load, and thus pulmonary perfusion, were induced either by inflating the balloon of a Fogarty catheter positioned in the inferior caval vein or by increasing the positive end-expiratory pressure ( @entity9239 ). All measurements were performed in a steady state during a short apnoea. RESULTS: Pulse-synchronous changes in DeltaZ(sys) were easily discernable during apnoea. Balloon inflation reduced SV to 36% of the baseline, with a corresponding decrease in DeltaZ(sys) to 45% of baseline. @entity9239 reduced SV and DeltaZ(sys) to 52% and 44% of the baseline, respectively. Significant correlations between SV and DeltaZ(sys) were demonstrated during all measurements (rho=0.62) as well as during balloon inflation (rho=0.73) and increased @entity9239 (rho=0.40). A Bland-Altman comparison of relative changes in SV and DeltaZ(sys) demonstrated a bias of -7%, with 95% limits of agreement at -51% and 36%. CONCLUSIONS: EIT provided beat-to-beat approximations of pulmonary perfusion that significantly correlated to a wide range of SV values achieved during both extra and intrapulmonary interventions to change cardiac output.

title: Monitoring pulmonary perfusion by electrical impedance tomography: an evaluation in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Liver involvement in @entity1 with primary Sj  gren's syndrome is rare, usually without clinical significance and histologically characterized by a feature like stage 1 primary @entity2835 . We describe herein a case of acute and severe @entity775 in a @entity1 suffering from primary Sj  gren's syndrome. The diagnosis of Sj  gren's syndrome was performed in 1989. In June 1995 the @entity1 presented severe @entity425 , @entity1087 and elevation of transaminases; moreover IgG raised to 5560 mg/dl and ANA titre increased to 1:20480. The @entity1 denied @entity167 and drug use and a @entity99 was excluded. Antimitochondrial antibodies, anti-smooth muscle antibodies and antibodies against liver kidney microsomes were negative. An abdomen ultrasound examination revealed @entity382 , with irregular echogenic structure and lymphoadenomegaly near the celiac tripod. Liver biopsy demonstrated a picture of @entity775 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity229 50 mg/day and @entity500 50 mg/day, with improvement in clinical and liver function indices. At present, the @entity1 is given only 10 mg/day of @entity229 . The association of Sj  gren's syndrome with @entity775 is very rare: in the literature only one other similar case has been reported.

title: Sj  gren's syndrome associated with XXXX . A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: @entity788 is one of the most @entity5 . Despite surgical resection, radiation and/or chemotherapy, greater than 94% of @entity1 with @entity788 do not survive beyond 5 years. In fact, median survival after diagnosis of metastatic @entity788 is 4.5 months. The majority of @entity1 are diagnosed with nonresectable, metastatic disease, and chemotherapy only extends their median survival by less than 2 months with only 18% of those treated surviving beyond 1 year. Despite the severity of their disease, most @entity1 exhibit @entity5 specific cellular immunity to their @entity788 antigens. Obviously their immunity is ineffective in preventing @entity5 growth. Recent studies have demonstrated that the @entity5 microenvironment may hold the key to determining the nature of the @entity5 ' ability to escape from immune attack. Preliminary clinical trials have suggested that blocking these escape mechanisms may result in survival benefit to the @entity1 , and phase I and II clinical trials with @entity5 vaccines have led to some survival benefits. Perhaps combining therapies directed against immune escape mechanisms with @entity5 vaccines will result in even greater survival benefit for @entity1 with @entity788 . While therapeutic vaccines for @entity788 have been reviewed previously (Plate, 2011), updates on recent preliminary reports of two clinical vaccine trials are worthy of our attention.

title: Advances in therapeutic vaccines for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'difficult-to-treat cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of treating monosymptomatic primary nocturnal @entity11795 (PNE) that has persisted into adulthood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 older than 18 years with persistent monosymptomatic primary nocturnal @entity11795 were treated with 20 to 40 microg. desmopressin ( @entity7062 ) nightly for 6 months. If the @entity1 remained incontinent on maximal pharmacotherapy or if they became incontinent after cessation of @entity7062 we initiated treatment with an enuretic alarm for 6 months. @entity1 not responsive to @entity7062 or the @entity11795 alarm were given a trial of 50 mg. @entity2645 nightly. All @entity1 were reassessed for continence 18 months after initiation of the treatment protocol. RESULTS: We treated 29 @entity1 of a median age of 20 years (range 18 to 33) who were enuretic more than 4 nights per week. With the initial @entity7062 treatment 19 (66%) became continent ( @entity11795 0 or 1 night a month) but after discontinuation of @entity7062 only 2 (7%) remained continent. Of the 27 @entity1 subsequently treated with an enuretic alarm 9 (33%) became continent and 18 had persistent @entity11795 . Of these 18 @entity1 11 resumed @entity7062 and became dry, while 7 nonresponsive to @entity7062 were given @entity2645 and 2 (29%) are continent. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 83% of @entity1 (24 of 29) achieved continence, including 38% (11 of 29) who are continent off all treatment modalities and 45% (13 of 29) who are currently continent on pharmacotherapy (11 on @entity7062 and 2 on @entity2645 ). The remaining 17% of @entity1 (5 of 29) have persistent primary nocturnal @entity11795 recalcitrant to all therapeutic attempts.

title: Treatment of primary nocturnal XXXX persisting into adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

answer: @entity11795 :: (MESH:D004775,Disease) :: ['enuresis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gray-matter (GM) @entity194 is strongly predictive of @entity73 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 . The thalamus is the region where the @entity194 /cognition correlation is most robust. However, few studies have assessed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics within the thalamus. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine if thalamus white matter DTI predicts @entity73 after accounting for the effects of @entity393 . METHODS: We enrolled 75 @entity15 @entity1 and 18 healthy controls undergoing 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thalamus volumes were calculated on 3D T1 images. Voxelwise analyses of DTI metrics were performed within the thalamic white matter tracts. Neuropsychological (NP) testing, acquired using consensus standard methods, contributed measures of memory, cognitive processing speed and executive function. RESULTS: All cognitive tests were significantly predicted (R (2) =0.31, p<0.001) by thalamus volume after accounting for influence of demographics. Mean diffusivity was retained in regression models predicting all cognitive tests, adding from 7-13% of additional explained variance (p<0.02) after accounting for thalamus volume. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm the significant role of thalamus @entity194 in @entity15 -associated @entity73 , and further report that subtle thalamus pathology as detected by DTI adds incremental explained variance in predicting @entity73 .

title: Clinical significance of XXXX and white matter mean diffusivity within the thalamus of @entity15 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive disorder']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: Very low birth weight preterm newborns are susceptible to the development of debilitating inflammatory diseases, many of which are associated with @entity5870 . To define the effects of @entity5870 on the fetal immune system, @entity41421 was administered intra-amniotically at ~80% gestation in @entity2608 . @entity41421 caused histological @entity5870 , as well as @entity55 (infiltration of neutrophils or monocytes in the fetal airways). There were large increases in multiple proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs in the lungs at 24 h postadministration, which remained elevated relative to controls at 72 h. Intra-amniotic @entity41421 also induced the sustained expression of the surfactant proteins in the lungs. Importantly, @entity41421 significantly altered the balance between inflammatory and regulatory T cells. Twenty-four hours after @entity41421 injection, the frequency of CD3(+) @entity8888 (+)FOXP3(+) T cells was decreased in lymphoid organs. In contrast, @entity41422 -producing cells (CD3(+) @entity8888 (+), CD3(+) @entity8888 (-), and CD3(-) @entity8888 (-) subsets) were increased in lymphoid organs. The frequency of IFN-y-expressing cells did not change. In this model of a single exposure to an inflammatory trigger, CD3(+) @entity8888 (+)FOXP3(+) cells rebounded quickly, and their frequency was increased at 72 h compared with controls. IL-17 expression was also transient. Interestingly, the T cell profile alteration was confined to the lymphoid organs and not to circulating fetal T cells. Together, these results suggest that the @entity5870 -induced IL-1/IL-17 axis is involved in the severe @entity32 that can develop in preterm newborns. Boosting regulatory T cells and/or controlling IL-17 may provide a means to ameliorate these abnormalities.

title: Intra-amniotic @entity41421 induces fetal XXXX in @entity2608 and alters the regulatory T cell/IL-17 balance.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate a Spanish language medium test, of theoretical general knowledge of @entity6 (questionnaire from the University of Michigan). To determine the validity of the concurrent and discriminatory content and establish reliability. DESIGN: The study was observational. Validity was verified prior to data collection. To analyse the concurrent and discriminatory validity, a questionnaire was used in personal interview with the @entity1 , and the degree of knowledge evaluated on certain variables. SETTING: Hospital outpatient endocrinology consultations. @entity1 : 167 @entity6 @entity1 were chosen at random, from the outpatient visits. 14 @entity1 who had developed hearing, or @entity3180 , or who had problems of a psychological nature, were excluded. Only 1 @entity1 refused to answer the questionnaire. MAIN MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Validity of the content was confirmed after careful analysis of the questions on the questionnaire by medical specialists in endocrinology. It was found that the test had adequate concurrence (p less than 0.01) when the average general knowledge levels of certain group of @entity1 are compared. It also had acceptable discriminatory validity (r = 0.56: p less than 0.0001) and reliability (alpha: 0.84; p less than 0.45). CONCLUSIONS: Adaptation and validation has been obtained for a test of theoretical general knowledge on @entity6 , and the test was found to be applicable to the population under study.

title: [Adaptation and validation of a test on knowledge about XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language problems']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Differentiating @entity5414 from @entity5414 can be challenging as the clinical pictures are similar and an efficacious diagnostic test is not yet available. Our objectives in this study were to establish if @entity1904 (PCT) could be reproducibly measured from synovial fluid, if there is a difference in synovial @entity1904 values between @entity1 with septic and @entity5414 , respectively, including those with implants and to determine cut-off levels that could be used as a practical tool in the management of these conditions. METHODS: Using a standard serum assay, synovial fluid PCT levels were measured retrospectively in 26 septic and 50 non-septic predefined @entity625 cases. The reproducibility of @entity12897 was also assessed at various concentrations. RESULTS: Synovial PCT can be measured and is reproducible. In this cohort, statistically significant higher @entity12897 levels were found in cases of @entity5414 than in @entity5414 . Sensitivities, specificities and positive and negative predictive values varied at different cut-off levels. CONCLUSION: The test could be added to other microbiological and biochemical tests and may be used to supplement other clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in the assessment of @entity1 with acute @entity158 joints. In our cohort, findings of very high @entity12897 levels supported an infection process, including in @entity22376 . The high negative predictive value of low @entity12897 levels could exclude @entity281 . Larger prospective studies are needed to further validate these results and to examine the cost effectiveness of @entity12897 .

title: Measuring synovial fluid @entity1904 levels in distinguishing cases of @entity5414 , including prosthetic joints, from other causes of XXXX and aseptic loosening.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis', 'non-septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity22376 :: ('MESH:D016459', 'Disease') :: ['prosthesis-related infections']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['synovial PCT']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection in both native and prosthetic joints']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: To analyze the association of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) with non-remission and with disease activity measures in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Cross-sectional study of consecutive @entity309 @entity1 . Non-remission was defined as a disease activity score (DAS28) >=  2.6 at study enrollment. The Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) were additionally measured. Serum titers of RF and anti-CCP were transformed into incremental levels (100/units) and log-transformed levels. Analysis of association with non-remission was done with logistic regression models, with and without adjustment for age, sex, disease duration, and corticoid use. Multiple regression models, raw and similarly adjusted, were used to measure the association of RF and anti-CCP with the disease activity measures. A total of 385 @entity1 were included, of whom 286 (74 %) were not in remission. Log-transformed RF level was associated with an increased risk of non-remission after adjustment (OR = 1.32, 95 % CI 1.04-1.67). This association was especially evident in @entity1 with less than 10 years of disease duration (OR = 1.51, 95 % CI 1.15-1.99) and in those using @entity230 (OR = 2.06, 95 % CI 1.22-3.48). Serum RF titers and log-transformed RF levels showed a small but significant association with DAS28 score (adjusted beta coefficients 0.002 and 0.18, respectively; both p  <= 0.01), but neither with SDAI or CDAI nor with anti-CCP antibody. : Log-transformed RF levels might be associated with non-remission in @entity309 , especially in @entity1 with @entity66 duration or on @entity230 .

title: Relation of rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody with disease activity in XXXX : cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['short disease']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a prototype of a non-live bacterial agent that consists of a cell wall (CW) preparation from heat-killed bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG-CW) incorporated into @entity28483 -modified cationized liposomes as a vector (R8-liposome-BCG-CW), and to evaluate its immunoprotective potentiation in @entity19 , as although BCG is an established effective immunotherapy for nonmuscle-invasive @entity150 , more active and less toxic treatments are needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cellular interaction of R8-liposome-BCG-CW co-cultured with @entity19 @entity150 cell line ( @entity1605 ) was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. @entity1605 cells (7 x 10(5)) were subcutaneously inoculated with 1 mg BCG, 0.1 mg or 1 mg BCG-CW, 0.1 mg or 1 mg R8-liposome-BCG-CW in female C3H/HeN @entity19 . The @entity1605 cells pretreated with BCG or R8-liposome-BCG-CW were re-challenged at 6 weeks. The sizes of the primary and re-challenged @entity5 were evaluated at 4 and 10 weeks, respectively. RESULTS: Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed the enhanced incorporation of R8-liposome-BCG-CW into @entity1605 cells after 1 h of co-incubation. 0.1 mg R8-liposome-BCG-CW completely inhibited the growth of @entity5 while 0.1 mg BCG-CW alone did not (P = 0.002). @entity19 vaccinated with a mixture of @entity1605 cells and R8-liposome-BCG-CW inhibited the growth of re-challenged @entity5 of @entity1605 cells pretreated with BCG or R8-liposome-BCG-CW but did not inhibit that of @entity1605 cells with no pretreatment at 10 weeks, with mean (sd) @entity5 sizes of 54 (60) mm(2) (P < 0.001) or 69 (43) mm(2) (P = 0.003) compared with 309 (125) mm(2), respectively. CONCLUSION: The immunotherapeutic potential of BCG-CW was enhanced by improving cellular association using the R8-liposomes delivery system. Development of this non-live bacterial agent may contribute to providing a more active and less toxic tool as a substitute for live BCG as immunotherapy against nonmuscle-invasive @entity150 in the future.

title: Immunoprotection against @entity19 @entity150 by XXXX -modified liposomes incorporating cell wall of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin.

entities_list: @entity28483 :: ('MESH:C448619', 'Chemical') :: ['octaarginine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'MBT-2 tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity28483 :: (MESH:C448619,Chemical) :: ['octaarginine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The @entity71 is one of the functional challenges in post @entity64 @entity1 . The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the meaningful task-specific training (MTST) on the @entity2045 motor recovery during the subacute phase after a @entity64 . METHOD: This was a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial in the neurology department of a university hospital and occupational therapy unit of a rehabilitation institute. A convenience sample of 103 @entity1 , 4 to 24 weeks (mean, 12.15 weeks) after the @entity64 , was randomized into 2 groups (MTST, 51; standard training group, 52). Subjects in the Brunnstrom stage of arm recovery of 2 to 5 were included in the study. Ninety-five @entity1 completed the 8-week follow-up. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were assigned to receive either the MTST or dose-matched standard training program based on the Brunnstrom stage and Bobath neurodevelopmental technique, 4 to 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Graded Wolf Motor Function Test (GWMFT), and Motor Activity Log (MAL) were outcome measures RESULTS: The MTST group showed a positive improvement in the mean scores on the outcome measures at post and follow-up assessments in comparison to the control group. Further, statistically significant differences were observed in changes between the groups at post and follow-up assessment for FMA, ARAT, GWMFT, and MAL. CONCLUSION: The MTST produced statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in the @entity2045 motor recovery of the @entity1 who had a subacute @entity64 .

title: Meaningful task-specific training (MTST) for XXXX rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Physical exercise can improve health and may lead to changes in the functionality of the immune system. Moderate intensity exercise can reduce the risk of @entity281 by shifting the overall immune response towards a T helper type 1 pattern. This study investigates the effect of 12 weeks of swimming on the cytokine profile of lymph node cells and macrophages and of the @entity842 production by these cells. BALB/c @entity19 were divided into 2 groups. The exercise group was subjected to swimming exercise. Lymph node cells culture showed that concentrations of interferon-y and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a were higher in the exercised group, while levels of interleukine-4 and interleukine-10 were significantly decreased in this group. The interleukine-10/interferon-y ratio tended towards a T helper type 1 profile. Moreover, macrophages isolated from exercised @entity19 produced more interleukine-12 and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a following lipopolysaccharide stimulus. Challenging these macrophages with @entity3667 resulted in higher interleukine-12 production than was observed with macrophages from the control group. @entity842 production was increased in macrophages isolated from exercised group following lipopolysaccharide stimulus but not following @entity281 with @entity3667 . These data suggest that exercise biases the immune system towards a T helper type 1 response profile.

title: Exercise improves the Th1 response by modulating cytokine and NO production in BALB/c XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania major']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with SIR spheres (90Y microspheres) is a treatment option for @entity96 in @entity1 in whom other therapies are inappropriate or have failed. This study aims to assess the value of FDG PET in assessing the response to SIRT as compared to computed tomography (CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 (11 F, 10 M; age range 40-75 years, mean, 58 years) received SIR spheres at the Hammersmith Hospital. One @entity1 received two treatments. Most @entity1 had colorectal metastases (n=10), while the others (n=11) had liver @entity3 from different primaries. The mean administered dose was 1.9 GBq (range, 1.2-2.5 GBq). Follow-up was done with FDG PET and CT at 6 weeks, and 6-monthly thereafter. Pre-therapy and post-therapy CT and PET scans were assessed visually (RECIST criteria for CT) and semi-quantitative for PET using the standardized uptake value (SUV). RESULT: Eighty-six percent of @entity1 showed decreased PET activity at 6 weeks while only 13% showed a partial response in the size of @entity5 on CT scan. The mean pre-treatment SUV was 12.2+/-3.7 and the mean post-treatment SUV was 9.3+/-3.7 (P=0.01). CT imaging showed progressive disease in 27% @entity1 and stable @entity409 in 60% @entity1 . Based on FDG PET results one @entity1 had surgery for down-staged @entity5 . CONCLUSION: FDG PET imaging is more sensitive than CT in the assessment of early response to SIR spheres, allowing clinicians to proceed with further therapeutic options.

title: Assessment of response to treatment of unresectable XXXX with 90Y microspheres: value of FDG PET versus computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumours']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumours']


abstract: PURPOSE: Vascular factors have been implicated in the progression of @entity726 , but the impact of long-term beta blocker therapy on ocular circulation remains largely undefined. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the level of retrobulbar blood flow in @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) before and during long-term treatment with a nonselective topical beta blocker, and to compare these measures with those in untreated control subjects. METHODS: Twelve control subjects and 12 @entity1 with @entity725 were tested for intraocular pressure (IOP), heart rate, blood pressure, contrast sensitivity, @entity227 , and retrobulbar flow velocity as measured by color Doppler imaging (CDI). @entity1 were evaluated after 4 weeks of drug washout and again after 3 and 6 months of treatment with a nonselective beta blocking agent. Control subjects were tested once. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity1 with @entity725 had significantly higher IOP than normal controls; CDI measures of the central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA) in the @entity1 were significantly different from those in control subjects. In the @entity1 , treatment resulted in a significant reduction in IOP and in CRA and SPCA resistance index. CONCLUSION: Untreated @entity1 with @entity725 have altered circulation in the CRA and SPCA compared with subjects of similar age and gender. These measures recover significantly during topical beta blocker therapy. The relationship of the pretreatment deficit and posttreatment recovery of CDI blood flow measures to the progression and therapeutic impediment of @entity1781 remains to be determined.

title: Effects of long-term hypotensive therapy with nonselective beta-blockers on ocular hemodynamics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic nerve deterioration']

answer: @entity725 :: (MESH:C562750,Disease) :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: AIMS: Approaches to the risk stratification for @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) remain unsatisfactory. Although late @entity2287 enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-CMR) for @entity1164 risk stratification has been evaluated in several studies, small sample size has limited their clinical validity. We performed this meta-analysis to better gauge the predictive accuracy of LGE-CMR for @entity1164 risk stratification. METHODS AND RESULTS: Electronic databases and published bibliographies were systematically searched to identify studies evaluating the association between the extent of LV scar on LGE-CMR and ventricular arrhythmic events [ @entity1164 , resuscitated @entity1167 , the occurrence of @entity943 , or appropriate @entity737 ( @entity737 ) therapy]. Only studies enrolling @entity1 with CAD or @entity296 were included. Summary estimates of the relative risk (RR) and likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated using random effects models. Eleven studies comprising 1105 @entity1 were identified. During a mean/median follow-up of 8.5-41 months 207 @entity1 had ventricular arrhythmic events. Ventricular arrhythmic events were more common in @entity1 with a greater extent of LV scar: RR 4.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.98-6.29], positive LR 1.98 (95% CI 1.66-2.37), and negative LR 0.33 (95% CI 0.24-0.46). CONCLUSION: The extent of LGE on CMR is strongly associated with the occurrence of @entity943 in @entity1 with reduced LVEF and may be a valuable risk stratification tool for identifying @entity1 who will benefit from @entity737 therapy. However, uncertainties regarding clinical application persist and need to be addressed prior to introduction into broad clinical practice.

title: Late XXXX enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for the prediction of ventricular tachyarrhythmic events: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']