abstract: BACKGROUND: In New Zealand there has been increasing interest in reducing avoidable hospitalisations, particularly from conditions treatable in primary care. To date avoidable hospitalisations in @entity1 have been monitored using adult tools which contain many conditions irrelevant to @entity1 . Further, New Zealand has large socioeconomic gradients in hospitalisations for many paediatric conditions, suggesting that the social determinants of health also heavily influence avoidable hospitalisations in this age group. AIMS: (1) To develop a tool to monitor potentially avoidable hospitalisations in New Zealand @entity1 which includes the socioeconomic determinants of health within the conceptualisation of "avoidable"; and (2) Within this broader framework, to identify a sub-set of conditions which are amenable to intervention in primary care. METHODS: Five selection criteria were developed to define Potentially Avoidable Hospitalisations ( @entity2556 ), and a further two criteria were used to define a subset of Ambulatory Care Sensitive Hospitalisations (ACSH). The principal diagnoses for all acute hospitalisations in New Zealand @entity1 (1 month-14 years) during 2003-2005 were then reviewed, and a list of 42 conditions created. This list was sent to 17 health professionals with experience in @entity1 health, who were asked to score each condition against the 5 @entity2556 and 2 ACSH criteria. RESULTS: Twenty-six conditions contributing to @entity2556 were identified, along with 18 contributing to ACSH. @entity2556 tended to be infectious or respiratory in nature, with hospitalisations for chronic medical conditions or surgical problems being viewed as non-avoidable. While a similar pattern was seen for ACSH, @entity1800 were viewed as non-ambulatory care sensitive. CONCLUSIONS: While the tools developed are a considerable improvement on those used to date, the use of diagnostic coding algorithms to monitor ACSH and by inference, the performance of primary care, remains problematic for a number of reasons. Nevertheless, the broadening of @entity2556 to encompass the wider determinants of health, serves to highlight the role Government social and other policies might play in reducing the large burden of avoidable morbidity currently being experienced in this age group.

title: Developing a tool to monitor potentially avoidable and ambulatory care sensitive hospitalisations in New Zealand XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Morphologic changes at the interface of @entity35 endometrial luminal epithelial cells and the stromal cells immediately adjacent were examined and correlated with @entity1184 of the epithelial cells during @entity53 (E2) infusion (1 microgram E2/24 h). While the lamina densa in castrate endometrium was thread-like, it became thicker and apparently more granular in some areas below the luminal epithelium during E2 infusion. However, no changes were seen in the intensity of laminin-like immunoreactivity at various time points up to 96 hours after beginning infusion, suggesting that these alterations were due to changes in nonlaminin components. The stromal cells adjacent to the basal lamina in the castrate state had cell processes extending toward the epithelium that terminated on the basal lamina. Under @entity172 infusion, stromal cell bodies migrated close to and became oriented along the basal lamina. No interruptions were seen in the lamina densa or in the laminin-like immunoreactivity in the basal lamina. Thus, there were no direct morphologic interactions between epithelial and stromal cells induced by @entity172 . Some of the stromal cells developed a dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and some developed multiple elaborate processes within 41 hours after minipump implantation. Within 28 hours, nuclear @entity1184 had occurred in 15% of the epithelial cell layer. If interactions occur between stromal and epithelial cells, and morphologic evidence presented here suggests they do, then all such interactions are through an intact lamina densa-laminin layer, and any chemical mediators affecting cells on opposite sides of the lamina densa must migrate through it.

title: XXXX endometrial stromal-epithelial response to @entity172 infusion.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The fate and safety of @entity715 remnant despite intra-arterial thrombolysis for unexpected @entity715 formation has rarely been reported. METHODS: From January 2010 to May 2015, 131 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1756 were treated by endovascular methods at our institution. Among the 21 @entity1 (16%) treated by intra-arterial thrombolysis for the @entity715 formation during the procedure, nine @entity1 (nine @entity439 ) suffered from @entity715 remnant. We reviewed the clinical and radiologic outcomes of @entity1 with @entity715 remnant as well as intraoperative and postoperative management of @entity715 formation. RESULTS: @entity715 formation occurred near the coiled @entity439 in eight @entity1 , and @entity432 was observed in one @entity1 . All nine @entity1 were initially managed by intra-arterial thrombolysis with @entity6541 . One @entity1 with persistent @entity432 and two @entity1 with distal migration of the @entity715 after intra-arterial thrombolysis were additionally treated with stent retriever. One @entity1 with occlusion of the parent artery near the coiled @entity439 despite intra-arterial thrombolysis was partially recanalized by permanent deployment of a stent retriever. Delayed cerebral angiography showed no increase in size of @entity715 remnant in any @entity1 . After the procedure, @entity715 remnant was managed by intravenous @entity6541 . Follow-up CT angiography on the first postoperative day showed patent arterial flow, and @entity63 complication related with @entity1031 did not occur in any @entity1 . One @entity1 suffered from @entity548 . CONCLUSION: If the patency of parent artery is maintained and the size of the @entity715 remnant does not increase on delayed angiography after intra-arterial thrombolysis, postoperative @entity1031 rarely occur.

title: XXXX remnant despite intra-arterial thrombolysis for @entity715 formation during endovascular treatment of @entity1756 : Does it harm?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complication']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity6541 :: ('CHEBI:9605', 'Chemical') :: ['tirofiban']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['distal embolic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the significance of @entity517 , @entity876 and @entity986 protein expression in @entity82 , to detect the @entity2163 gene mutation in @entity82 , and to explore the property of @entity82 . METHODS: The expression of @entity517 , @entity876 and @entity986 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemistry SP method in 35 cases of @entity82 including 1 @entity10751 with @entity5 and 20 control cases (10 cases of @entity2721 , 10 cases of @entity421 ). Genomic DNA extraction, PCR amplification and gene sequencing were used to detect @entity2163 gene mutation in 35 cases of @entity82 . RESULTS: @entity517 protein immunoreactivity was detected in 91 percentage of @entity10751 (P = 0.001). Compared with the negative control group, the difference was significant. @entity986 positive was detected in 34 @entity10751 cases (P = 0.001). The difference was significant as compared with the positive control group. Positive @entity876 protein expression was detected in the only 1 case of @entity82 with malignant transformation. PCR amplification was successful in 12 of 35 @entity10751 cases. Two of the 12 @entity10751 cases were detected to have @entity2163 gene mutation, in which 1 case was @entity10751 of @entity751 , 1 case was a @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity517 could be another protooncogene in addition to @entity1639 in the @entity82 . @entity876 protein overexpression could be useful in the diagnosis of @entity5 and in the prediction of the prognosis of @entity10751 . The abnormal expression of the gene @entity986 might play an important role in the formation of @entity10751 . The @entity2163 mutation exist in @entity10751 . All of the results indicate that @entity10751 could be a @entity5 disease, caused by multiple factors leading to a dysfunction of bone development.

title: [Abnormal expression of @entity517 , @entity876 , XXXX protein and @entity2163 gene mutation in @entity82 ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia', 'fibrous dysplasia disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['FD malignancy', 'malignancy, 1 Mazabraud syndrome', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['monostotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bony callus']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Mazabraud syndrome']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of comorbid conditions such as @entity565 and atopy on the severity of @entity102 ( @entity102 ) and the presence of @entity480 ( @entity480 ) remains an area of investigation. We sought to elucidate the relationship among these entities. METHODS: The study population included 106 consecutive @entity1 who were referred to a multidisciplinary, university-based @entity566 and sinus clinic that underwent computed tomography (CT) scan, skin-prick testing, and had @entity102 . Data were analyzed to determine @entity32447 ( @entity32447 ), presence of @entity480 , @entity565 status, and sensitivity to seven classes of aeroallergens. RESULTS: Skin tests were positive in 52 cases and negative in 54 cases. Although, there was no statistical relationship between @entity32447 and @entity159 in the entire group, among the @entity748 subgroup, mean @entity32447 was greater in nonatopic @entity748 @entity1 than in @entity1097 @entity748 @entity1 . @entity748 @entity1 had a higher @entity32447 than nonasthmatic @entity1 (p < 0.0001). @entity748 @entity1 were more likely than nonasthmatic @entity1 to have @entity480 (57.6% versus 25%; p = 0.0015), regardless of @entity159 . Mean @entity32447 was higher in NP @entity1 compared with nonpolyp @entity1 (p < 0.0001), independent of @entity159 . Mean @entity32447 was not affected by sensitivity to any particular allergen, with the exception of cockroach- @entity56 @entity1 who were more likely to have an @entity32447 of >10 (p = 0.0236) and had more severe maxillary sinus involvement (p = 0.0391). CONCLUSION: These data indicate a strong relationship between @entity102 severity, as measured by @entity32447 , and chronic airway inflammatory diseases, @entity565 , and @entity480 . The association between @entity32447 and @entity159 appears weak. The present study suggests that @entity102 is an inflammatory disease that occurs independently of systemic IgE-mediated pathways.

title: Relationships between severity of XXXX and nasal polyposis, @entity565 , and atopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'Asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity32447 :: ('MESH:C538364', 'Disease') :: ['LMS', 'Lund-MacKay score']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['NPs', 'nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['atopic status']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis']


abstract: East Africa has a high @entity378 ( @entity378 ) incidence and mortality, yet there are very limited data on exposure to @entity378 drugs in @entity1 from this region. We therefore determined the pharmacokinetic characteristics of first-line @entity378 drugs in Tanzanian @entity1 using intensive pharmacokinetic sampling. In 20 adult @entity378 @entity1 , plasma concentrations were determined just before and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h after observed drug intake with food to estimate the areas under the curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24) and peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of @entity3109 , @entity1215 , @entity5585 , and @entity3110 . Acetylator status for @entity3109 was assessed phenotypically using the @entity3109 elimination half-life and the @entity30394 / @entity3109 metabolic ratio at 3 h postdose. The geometric mean AUC0-24s were as follows: @entity3109 , 11.0 h    mg/liter; @entity1215 , 39.9 h    mg/liter; @entity5585 , 344 h    mg/liter; and @entity3110 , 20.2 h    mg/liter. The Cmax was below the reference range for @entity3109 in 10/19 @entity1 and for @entity1215 in 7/20 @entity1 . In none of the @entity1 were the Cmaxs for @entity5585 and @entity3110 below the reference range. Elimination half-life and metabolic ratio of @entity3109 gave discordant phenotyping results in only 2/19 @entity1 . A substantial proportion of @entity1 had an @entity3109 and/or @entity1215 Cmax below the reference range. Intake of @entity378 drugs with food may partly explain these low drug levels, but such a drug intake reflects common practice. The finding of low @entity378 drug concentrations is concerning because low concentrations have been associated with worse treatment outcome in several other studies.

title: Pharmacokinetics of first-line XXXX drugs in Tanzanian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity30394 :: ('MESH:C510884', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylisoniazid']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: Necrotising @entity9156 of the extremities is a rapidly progressive, potentially life threatening soft tissue infection. Early diagnosis, @entity146 surgical and critical care management is vital in preventing mortality. This series reports the clinical presentation, behaviour of inflammatory markers, histological, microbiological and radiological findings in seven cases, which presented to our orthopaedic unit over the last one year. Seven @entity1 (4 male and 3 female) were included. Usual presentation was spreading erythema and @entity158 . Duration of symptoms varied from 3 to 14 days. All except one case affected the lower limbs. The average Laboratory risk indicator for @entity9156 (LRINEC) score on the day of presentation was 5. Imaging demonstrated subcutaneous @entity4 , fluid and air pockets in muscular planes. Group @entity477 haemolytic Streptococcus was the most common organism isolated from culture. Treatment modalities included antibiotics, immunoglobulins and surgical debridement. Four of the @entity1 showed full remission. However, three (one with pre-existing @entity189 ) of them succumbed to the condition.

title: Necrotising XXXX : a series of seven cases.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis', 'necrotising fasciitis']

answer: @entity9156 :: (MESH:D005208,Disease) :: ['fasciitis']


abstract: Most @entity0 originate in the epithelial cells lining the breast ducts. Intraductal administration of @entity5 therapeutics would lead to high drug exposure to ductal cells and eliminate preinvasive @entity5 while limiting systemic exposure. We performed preclinical studies in @entity7044 -treated @entity35 to compare the effects of @entity1487 , @entity3003 , nanoparticle albumin-bound @entity1311 , and @entity1499 to the previously reported efficacy of pegylated liposomal @entity632 (PLD) on treatment of early and established @entity5 . Protection from @entity5 growth was observed with all five agents, with extensive epithelial destruction present only in PLD-treated @entity35 . Concurrently, we initiated a clinical trial to establish the feasibility, safety, and maximum tolerated dose of intraductal PLD. In each eligible @entity1 awaiting mastectomy, we visualized one ductal system and administered dextrose or PLD using a dose-escalation schema (2 to 10 mg). Intraductal administration was successful in 15 of 17 @entity1 with no serious adverse events. Our preclinical studies suggest that several agents are candidates for intraductal therapy. Our clinical trial supports the feasibility of intraductal administration of agents in the outpatient setting. If successful, administration of agents directly into the ductal system may allow for "breast-sparing mastectomy" in select @entity1 .

title: Preclinical and clinical evaluation of intraductally administered agents in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'cancer', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ["N-methyl-N'-nitrosourea"]

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: It is well known that @entity35 and @entity19 , when fed a high-fat diet, develop @entity28 associated with abnormal glycolipid metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effects of a high-fat diet on a @entity6 @entity35 model, Spontaneously @entity6 Torii (SDT), which develops @entity6 due to decreased insulin production and secretion with age. We hypothesized that a high-fat diet would accelerate the induction of @entity6 in this model. The SDT @entity35 were divided into 2 groups, which were fed a high-fat diet or standard diet for 16 weeks. The group fed a high-fat diet developed @entity28 , @entity3190 , and @entity407 until 16 weeks of age. Before 16 weeks of age, @entity4854 accompanied by hypoinsulinemia developed in the group on a standard diet, but serum @entity413 levels were comparable in both groups. After 16 weeks of age, the group on a standard diet showed an increase in serum @entity413 levels and a decrease in serum insulin levels. Unexpectedly, in the group on the high-fat diet, we observed a suppressed of the progression of @entity4854 /hypoinsulinemia. Histopathological observation revealed more pancreatic beta cells in the group on the high-fat diet. This study suggests that feeding SDT @entity35 a high-fat diet induces @entity28 , @entity3190 , and @entity407 , but not @entity4854 , until 16 weeks of age. Thereafter, age-dependent progress of @entity4854 and hypoinsulinemia was delayed by a high-fat diet. The @entity6392 of pancreatic beta cells induced by a high-fat diet before the onset of @entity4854 appears to suppress development of @entity4854 /hypoinsulinemia.

title: A high-fat diet inhibits the progression of @entity6 in type 2 XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity6392 :: ('MESH:D000308', 'Disease') :: ['hyperfunction']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Both b(1)- and b(3)-adrenergic receptors (b(1)ARs and b(3)ARs) are present on nuclear membranes in adult ventricular myocytes. These nuclear-localized receptors are functional with respect to ligand binding and effector activation. In isolated cardiac nuclei, the non-selective bAR agonist @entity3044 stimulated de novo RNA synthesis measured using assays of transcription initiation (Boivin et al., 2006 Cardiovasc Res. 71:69-78). In contrast, stimulation of endothelin receptors, another G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that localizes to the nuclear membrane, resulted in decreased RNA synthesis. To investigate the signalling pathway(s) involved in GPCR-mediated regulation of RNA synthesis, nuclei were isolated from intact adult @entity35 hearts and treated with receptor agonists in the presence or absence of inhibitors of different mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/PKB pathways. Components of @entity12220 , @entity6336 , and @entity2508 MAP kinase cascades as well as PKB were detected in nuclear preparations. Inhibition of PKB with @entity25453 , in the presence of @entity3044 , converted the activation of the bAR from stimulatory to inhibitory with regards to RNA synthesis, while @entity2508 , @entity6336 and @entity12220 inhibition reduced both basal and @entity3044 -stimulated activity. Analysis by qPCR indicated an increase in the expression of 18S rRNA following @entity3044 treatment and a decrease in @entity4026 mRNA. Further qPCR experiments revealed that @entity3044 treatment also reduced the expression of several other genes involved in the activation of @entity4026 , while @entity2508 and PKB inhibition substantially reversed this effect. Our results suggest that GPCRs on the nuclear membrane regulate nuclear functions such as gene expression and this process is modulated by activation/inhibition of downstream protein kinases within the nucleus.

title: Nuclear b-adrenergic receptors modulate gene expression in adult XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity25453 :: ('MESH:C023764', 'Chemical') :: ['triciribine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The rates of @entity364 have increased substantially in Europe as well as in North America. Most frequently Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. are isolated. Despite the recent introduction of new @entity8201 and lipid-based formulations of @entity2379 , there are relatively few randomized, controlled studies on the use of antifungal drugs in @entity1 with @entity1583 and invasive @entity364 . Conventional @entity2379 is considered the gold standard for the treatment of invasive @entity364 ; however, adverse events limit conventional @entity2379 treatment. The newer @entity8201 , @entity2380 and @entity2059 , are well tolerated; however, @entity2380 has no activity against Aspergillus spp. An additional serious problem is the emerging resistance of nonalbicans Candida spp. to @entity2380 . In this situation, lipid formulations of @entity2379 seem to be attractive, since the use of these drugs has been shown to be safe and effective. Considerably higher medical costs limit broader application of lipid formulations of @entity2379 . Because of the rapidly increasing incidence of serious @entity364 , we have reviewed current strategies and the role of newer antifungal drugs for the treatment of @entity281 .

title: Systemic @entity364 in XXXX with @entity1583 : indications and limitations of the antifungal armamentarium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep-organ infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The feasibility of harvesting intact, circulating @entity263 cells from the blood of @entity1 with advanced @entity263 has previously been demonstrated. We studied the influence of sextant prostate needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy on harvesting intact circulating @entity263 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Via standard venipuncture 20 c.c. blood were obtained preoperatively, and 30 minutes and 3 days postoperatively from 23 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 undergoing surgery. Similarly, blood was obtained before and after routine prostate biopsy from 13 @entity1 for an elevated @entity1486 level and/or abnormal digital rectal examination. The blood cells were removed via density centrifugation and magnetic cell sorting. The remaining prostate epithelial cells were characterized by indirect fluorescent immunocytochemical staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization using deoxyribonucleic acid probes. RESULTS: Sextant biopsy of the prostate induced circulating cells in 3 of 13 @entity1 (23%), only 1 of whom demonstrated cells with aneuploidy (Gleason score 3+4 = 7). Circulating cells were detected preoperatively, 30 minutes or 3 days postoperatively in 35% of radical prostatectomy cases. Of the @entity1 13% had detectable circulating cells 30 minutes postoperatively only and 9% had cells harvested on postoperative day 3. Persistence of circulating @entity263 cells was noted in 13% of @entity1 on postoperative day 3. Serum @entity1486 level and pathological stage did not appear to be related to harvested cell number. CONCLUSIONS: @entity263 cells can be harvested from @entity1 with clinically localized disease undergoing sextant needle biopsy or radical prostatectomy. Routine prostate biopsy and surgery may influence the number of measurable circulating cells in the short term but the clinical significance and long-term prevalence of detectable circulating cells are unknown. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of this assay for detecting, staging and monitoring @entity263 .

title: Influence of sextant prostate needle biopsy or surgery on the detection and harvest of intact circulating XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detail a case of disseminated @entity22214 in an immunocompromised adult. Fusarium sp. @entity281 are an important cause of @entity364 in immunocompetent @entity1 and a recent outbreak related to use of a specific type of contact lens solution made national and international newspaper headlines. While reports of disseminated @entity281 in immunosuppressed @entity1 have appeared over the last 30 years, few have emphasized the neuropathological aspects of this emerging pathogen. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity10070 necessitating bilateral lung transplants 4 months prior to her demise who was soon readmitted with @entity5131 . She developed @entity272 of her face and thigh; she succumbed before biopsy could be performed. RESULTS: Autopsy revealed @entity281 involving lungs, gastrointestinal tract mucosa, bilateral kidneys, and skin. Foci of acute @entity1779 showed vessels occluded by hyphal, septate fungi. @entity364 remains the gold standard for diagnosis, and culture grew Fusarium. CONCLUSION: Fusarium is resistant to standard antifungal therapies; the increasing use of antifungal medications - as either treatment or prophylaxis - may shift more @entity281 toward unusual species such as Fusarium.

title: Disseminated XXXX with brain abscesses in a lung transplant recipient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Woman', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity5131 :: ('MESH:D011024', 'Disease') :: ['viral pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebritis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['targetoid skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic organ infection', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal culture', 'fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity22214 :: ('MESH:D060585', 'Disease') :: ['Fusarium infection']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity22214 :: (MESH:D060585,Disease) :: ['Fusarium infection']


abstract: @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ) is one of the severe complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Systemic management including respiratory and circulatory support is necessary. In addition, abdominal paracentesis is often needed for @entity158 relief and to reduce the pressure of tense @entity843 . Concentrated @entity843 reinfusion therapy (CART) involves the filtration, concentration, and reinfusion of drained @entity843 , which contributes to reuse of autologous proteins. CART has been reported as supportive therapy for @entity1 with liver @entity82 and @entity5 . We retrospectively reviewed the efficacy and safety of CART in three @entity1 (two with @entity3052 and one with @entity1860 ) who developed @entity5501 after allo-HSCT. They all had symptomatic, tense, and diuretic-refractory @entity843 with right @entity158 and marked @entity1017 . Two @entity1 showed immediate improvement after CART. However, one @entity1 experienced four CARTs with slow recovery. All @entity1 are now alive and are being monitored as outpatients over 2 years with remission. No severe adverse event was observed related to CART, and 25.2-98.0 (median 30.2) grams of albumin was collected and reinfused. CART after paracentesis reduces protein loss in @entity843 by reinfusion of autologous protein instead of exogenous albumin preparations. Although transient @entity221 is reported as a frequent adverse event, no events like severe @entity548 or @entity281 were observed. While its safety has not been fully established in @entity1 with @entity1503 after HSCT, CART may be a considerable supportive therapy for @entity5501 with tense @entity843 .

title: Concentrated XXXX reinfusion therapy for @entity5501 after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['costal pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome', 'SOS']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: Newborn @entity291 exposed to hypobaric @entity519 develop severe @entity120 . Right ventricular @entity1184 and failure occur as a consequence of the increased pressure load. Alterations in right ventricular myocyte performance or differentiation could be reflected by the changes in the expression of contractile protein genes. We studied expression of contractile actin isotypes by measuring mRNA levels in total cellular RNA purified from right (RV) and left ventricles (LV) of @entity291 with severe @entity120 after a 2-wk exposure to hypobaric @entity519 and age-matched controls. alpha-Skeletal actin mRNA was increased greater than 10-fold in the RV of @entity101 animals, whereas @entity29402 mRNA did not appear to change. alpha-Skeletal actin mRNA and @entity29402 mRNA did not increase in the LV of any of the @entity519 animals. After a 2-wk @entity519 exposure, @entity291 were removed from the chamber. Two days later, RV alpha-skeletal actin mRNA decreased dramatically but was apparently elevated above that of an age-matched control. Thirty days after @entity519 , there appeared to be a persistent increase in RV alpha-skeletal actin mRNA. Although the physiological significance of these changes are unknown, an alteration in the RV myocyte phenotype has occurred.

title: Alpha-skeletal actin messenger RNA increases in acute right ventricular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: Although @entity2620 activating the @entity2620 receptor signaling pathway has been found to stimulate cardiomyocyte @entity1184 , the role of @entity2620 in cardiac cell apoptosis remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the roles of @entity2620 and/or @entity2620 receptors ( @entity2620 /IIR) in cardiomyoblast apoptosis and in @entity101 @entity35 hearts with abdominal aorta ligation. Cultured @entity35 heart-derived H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and excised hearts from @entity35 with 0- to 20-day complete abdominal aorta ligation, a model of @entity10340 II elevation and @entity101 , were used. @entity2620 /IIR expression, caspase activity, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic cells were measured by RT-PCR, Western blot, agarose gel electrophoresis, and TUNEL assay following various combinations of @entity1808 , @entity2620 /IIR antibody, CsA ( @entity36289 ), @entity4287 ( @entity6336 inhibitor), @entity1441 ( @entity12220 inhibitor), @entity5732 (MEK inhibitor), or @entity866 (PKC inhibitor) in H9c2 cells. @entity1808 -induced DNA fragmentation and TUNEL-positive cells were blocked by @entity2620 /IIR antibodies and antisense @entity2620 , but not by @entity2620 sense. @entity2620 -induced apoptosis was blocked by @entity36290 antibody and CsA. The increased gene expressions of @entity2620 were reversed by @entity5732 and @entity4287 , respectively. @entity12276 activities induced by @entity1808 were attenuated by @entity5732 , @entity4287 , and CsA. DNA fragmentation induced by @entity1808 was totally blocked by @entity4287 , and CsA and was attenuated by @entity5732 . In @entity35 with 0- to 20-day complete abdominal aorta ligation, the increases in @entity2620 /IIR levels in the left ventricle were accompanied by @entity101 as well as increases in @entity2311 activities and TUNEL-positive cardiac myocytes. @entity1808 -induced apoptosis was reversed by @entity2620 /IIR blockade and coexisted with increased transactivation of @entity36291 , which are mediated by ERK and @entity6336 pathways, respectively, both of which further contributed to cardiomyoblast apoptosis via calcineurin signaling. The increased cardiac @entity2620 , @entity36290 , @entity2311 , and cellular apoptosis were also found in @entity101 @entity35 with abdominal aorta ligation.

title: Roles of insulin-like growth factor II in cardiomyoblast apoptosis and in @entity101 XXXX heart with abdominal aorta ligation.

entities_list: @entity2620 :: ('24483(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-II', 'IGF-II and -IIR induced by ANG II']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['Staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats', 'rat']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated prognostic indicators for distal pancreatectomy with regional lymph node dissection in @entity3123 . METHODS: Between 1993 and 2008, 50 @entity1 with @entity513 of the body or tail of the pancreas who underwent distal pancreatectomy with regional lymph node dissection were retrospectively analyzed. Clinicopathological factors associated with @entity1 survival were evaluated. RESULTS: No in-hospital deaths occurred among the study @entity1 . The overall 5-year survival rate was 19.3%, and median survival was 22.6 months. Univariate analysis revealed that lymph node @entity3 , @entity1274 , peripancreatic nerve plexus infiltration, and @entity5 differentiation affected @entity1 survival significantly. Multivariate analysis validated lymph node @entity3 as an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, the lymph nodes attached to the pancreas were the most frequent metastatic nodes, and the number of @entity3 in the lymph nodes attached to the pancreas was significantly associated with survival after surgical resection. CONCLUSIONS: Lymph node @entity3 was a significant and independent prognostic factor for the surgically resected @entity3123 . Furthermore, the lymph nodes attached to the pancreas were the most frequent metastatic nodes, and these lymph nodes were potential indicators predicting both @entity5 extension and survival after surgery for @entity3123 .

title: Evaluation of the prognostic factors and significance of lymph node status in XXXX of the body or tail of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic body or tail carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['intrapancreatic neural infiltration']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether higher @entity410 ( @entity410 ) attenuates the mortality risk associated with higher @entity1386 in adults with @entity101 ( @entity101 ) is poorly understood. METHODS: @entity1 were 13,155 @entity1 (mean age, 47.7 (s.d., 9.9) years) who completed a baseline health examination and maximal treadmill exercise test during 1974-2003. All @entity1 had @entity101 at baseline based on resting systolic blood pressure of > or =140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > or =90 mm Hg. @entity410 was quantified as the duration of a symptom-limited maximal treadmill exercise test, and was grouped for analysis as low (lowest 20%), moderate (middle 40%), and high (upper 40%). Distributions of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and percent body fat (%BF) were grouped according to standard clinical guidelines. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 12 years, 883 deaths (355 @entity65 ( @entity65 )) were recorded. Multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality, using low-fitness as the reference group, were 0.58 (0.48-0.69) and 0.43 (0.35-0.54) for moderate-fit and high-fit groups, respectively. We observed a similar pattern for @entity65 mortality. High-fit/obese @entity1 had no greater risk of all-cause (1.59 (0.95-2.67)) or @entity65 (1.23 (0.44-3.41)) @entity204 , high-fit/abdominal-obese @entity1 had no greater risk for all-cause (1.20 (0.80-1.78)) or @entity65 (0.62 (0.25-1.53)) @entity204 , and high-fit/percent body fat (%BF)-obese @entity1 had no greater risk for all-cause (1.19 (0.90-1.56)) or @entity65 (0.86 (0.52-1.43)) @entity204 compared with their high-fit/normal counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Fitness is a powerful effect modifier in the association of @entity1386 to mortality in @entity1 with @entity101 , negating the all-cause and @entity65 mortality risk associated with @entity28 .

title: The joint effects of XXXX and @entity1386 on mortality risk in @entity1 with @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is important in the management of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). In @entity1 with @entity2415 , @entity358 identified radiologically as shortening and flattening of the diaphragm is associated with impaired HRQoL. It remains unclear whether shortening of the diaphragm and/or alteration in chest wall shape are associated with @entity358 . METHODS: Pulmonary function testing and chest computed tomography (CT) were performed, and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was administered to 123 @entity1 with @entity1030 . Using CT images, the ratio of volume of lung region adjacent to the diaphragm dome to total lung volume (DLV%) was evaluated as a novel CT index, and conventional indices, including percent low attenuation volume (LAV%), wall area percent (WA%), total lung volume and diaphragm length (Ldi) were calculated. RESULTS: DLV% was significantly correlated with Ldi. DLV% and Ldi were inversely correlated with @entity358 , assessed as the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity, independent of LAV% and WA%. Unlike Ldi, DLV% was inversely associated with all components and total scores for the SGRQ, independent of the severity of @entity2415 and airflow limitation. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced lung volume around the diaphragm correlated with @entity358 and HRQoL, independent of @entity2415 severity. This needs to be verified in additional studies.

title: Peri-diaphragmatic lung volume assessed by computed tomography correlates with quality of life in XXXX with @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung hyperinflation', 'reduced pulmonary function and HRQoL']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It was the aim of this study to analyse the functional gain and anatomical success rate in a long-term observation of @entity1 with rhegmatogenous @entity1713 treated primarily with scleral buckling (SB) indicated on the basis of results published in the @entity29552 study. MATERIAL, @entity1 AND METHODS: 43 of 200 eyes (21.5 %, 41 @entity1 ) with @entity1713 were selected for scleral buckling as a primary surgical intervention. 38 @entity1 (93 %) completed 6 months, 35 @entity1 (85 %) 12 months and 26 @entity1 (63 %) 24 months of follow-up. Selection of surgical methods was guided by results from the @entity29552 study. Cases were treated by scleral buckling if the chance of primary success was estimated to be at least 90 %. RESULTS: Primary retinal attachment was achieved in 42 of 43 eyes (98 %). The @entity2194 without primary success was attached by pp-vitrectomy and gas endotamponade. No further redetachments occurred until month 12. Two eyes developed regional retinal traction in the periphery resulting from mild PVR (1   after 16 months, 1   after 35 months). Both were permanently attached after pp vitrectomy. At the end of the follow-up all eyes presented complete retinal attachment. Visual acuity improved from a preoperative level of logMAR 0.39 to 0.19 at month 6, 0.16 at month 12 and 0.11 at month 24 (p < 0.03). Cases with partial or complete @entity2070 reached between month 12 and month 24 the same level of visual acuity than those without foveal involvement (p = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this case series clearly indicate that scleral buckling is still an excellent choice of the treatment for approximately one fourth of all @entity1 with @entity1713 and may lead to very good long-term results.

title: Results of primary buckling procedures indicated with regard to recommendations of the @entity29552 study in cases with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['retina in one eye']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment', 'retinal detachments']

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['foveal detachment']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']


abstract: There has been an increasing awareness of the rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), of which numerous species and phylogenetic groups are clearly established @entity1 pathogens. It is important to appropriately distinguish RGM from other mycobacteria, as first-line antituberculous drugs are ineffective for their treatment. Variability in susceptibility of RGM is seen in relation to species, different geographical areas, and time. Therefore, we conducted a study to speciate the isolates of RGM and perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The study was carried out in the department of microbiology of a tertiary care hospital. This study included 40 isolates of RGM obtained from clinical specimens from suspected cases of @entity378 . Forty isolates of RGM were speciated by phenotypic methods and drug susceptibility testing was done by broth microdilution method. Of the 40 isolates of RGM, 55% belonged to @entity33602 group, 35% were @entity7666 group, and 10% were @entity7665 group. In @entity33602 group, sensitivity was seen to @entity4509 (13.63%), @entity3398 (18.18%), @entity2892 (31.81%), @entity2756 (22.72%), and @entity799 (31.81%). Only 14.28% and 7.14% of @entity7666 were sensitive to @entity799 and @entity4509 , respectively. @entity7665 group was resistant to all the antibiotics tested and showed only intermediate sensitivity to @entity10188 (50%) and @entity7046 (25%). A variability in sensitivity to different antimicrobials exists in all groups. Hence, it is advisable to perform antimicrobial susceptibility test before commencement of therapy.

title: Drug susceptibility testing of rapidly growing mycobacteria in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7046 :: ('MESH:C078049', 'Chemical') :: ['gatifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity7665 :: ('36809', 'Species') :: ['M. chelonae-abscessus']

entities_list: @entity10188 :: ('MESH:D019980', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin-clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity33602 :: ('1766', 'Species') :: ['M. fortuitum', 'Mycobacterium fortuitum']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['extrapulmonary tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['extrapulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: Immunocompromised @entity19 xenotransplantation models have become an important tool to study stem cell biology. One of the most common recipient strains used is the NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 , which offers sufficient longevity to quantify moderate levels of engraftment. During pilot experiments, we noted @entity854 5 to 6 wk after nonmyeloablative doses of irradiation. Here we report a detailed examination of this phenomenon and propose possible explanations and management strategies. A total of 15 NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 received 3 Gy @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and were monitored over 9 wk. A control group of 15 @entity19 were treated in exactly the same way as the study @entity19 except that they did not receive irradiation. A total of 9 @entity348 @entity19 developed @entity854 between days 40 and 50 after irradiation, resulting in rapid @entity353 . No @entity19 in the control group developed @entity854 , however 3 were euthanized prematurely due to the development of @entity6732 . Upon development of @entity854 and @entity353 , 2 @entity19 in the @entity348 group had their teeth trimmed and received soft food. Both @entity19 made a rapid recovery and survived for the remainder of the study. The development of @entity854 occurred in 2 substrains, and alterations in antibiotic use and supplementation of the vitamin content of feeds did not prevent the abnormalities. Investigators working with this model should be aware of this complication and modify protocols appropriately.

title: Damage to incisors after nonmyeloablative @entity348 may complicate NOD/ XXXX models of hemopoietic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['incisor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

answer: @entity915 :: (MESH:D053632,Disease) :: ['SCID']


abstract: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measured at the femoral neck (FN) is the most important risk phenotype for @entity170 and has been used as a reference standard for describing @entity170 . The specific genes influencing FN @entity79 remain largely unknown. To identify such genes, we first performed a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis for FN @entity79 in a discovery sample consisting of 983 unrelated white subjects. We then tested the top significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; 175 SNPs with p < 5 x 10(-4)) for replication in a family-based sample of 2557 white subjects. Combing results from these two samples, we found that two genes, @entity461 ( @entity461 ) and @entity32077 ( @entity32077 ), achieved consistent association results in both the discovery and replication samples. The @entity461 gene SNPs, @entity32078 , @entity32079 , and @entity32080 , achieved p values of 1.10 x 10(-4), 3.24 x 10(-4), and 3.06 x 10(-4), respectively, in the discovery sample; p values of 6.50 x 10(-4), 5.08 x 10(-3), and 5.68 x 10(-3), respectively, in the replication sample; and combined p values of 3.98 x 10(-7), 9.52 x 10(-6), and 1.05 x 10(-5), respectively, in the total sample. The @entity32077 gene SNPs, @entity32081 , @entity32082 , and @entity32083 , achieved p values of 1.51 x 10(-4), 1.53 x 10(-4), and 3.88 x 10(-4), respectively, in the discovery sample; p values of 2.36 x 10(-3), 6.74 x 10(-3), and 6.41 x 10(-3), respectively, in the replication sample; and combined p values of 2.31 x 10(-6), 8.62 x 10(-6), and 1.41 x 10(-5), respectively, in the total sample. The effect size of each SNP was approximately 0.11 SD estimated in the discovery sample. @entity461 and @entity32077 both have potential biologic functions important to bone metabolism. Overall, our findings provide some new clues to the understanding of the genetic architecture of @entity170 .

title: @entity32077 and XXXX may underlie variation of femoral neck bone mineral density as revealed by a genome-wide association study.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['PTH']


abstract: @entity7499 plays a crucial role in @entity5 growth, invasion and @entity3 . Mast cells (MCs) release angiogenic factors that promote endothelial proliferation and differentiation. Previous studies have suggested that MCs are involved in @entity5 angiogenesis due to the release of various pro-angiogenic factors. This study evaluated samples from 40 @entity235 mammary @entity189 and eight healthy non-neoplastic @entity235 mammary glands. @entity11979 staining was performed to characterize the MCs. Immunohistochemical labelling was performed to detect the number of @entity25489 -positive MCs and microvessels. MCs accumulated in @entity5 tissue and were closely associated with blood or lymphatic vessels in the @entity5 microenvironment. @entity7499 , as measured by microvessel density, increased in direct proportion to the number of MCs. The correlation coefficient was significantly higher for @entity25489 -positive MCs than for @entity11979 -stained MCs. These results suggest that MCs are involved in @entity5 angiogenesis, which in turn influences @entity5 growth, invasion and @entity3 . In particular, MC @entity25489 may be influential in mediating this function of MCs.

title: XXXX -positive mast cells correlate with angiogenesis in @entity235 @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['Angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity11979 :: ('MESH:D014048', 'Chemical') :: ['toluidine blue', 'Toluidine blue']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity25489 :: (100049001(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['Tryptase']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Theme: Parenting/parenthood. INTRODUCTION: Due to lack of information, the @entity221 in the @entity1 brings @entity148 and fear to their parents. OBJECTIVES: To identify parents' knowledge towards the @entity1 with @entity221 and the sources of information they have used. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study. Convenience not probabilistic sample of 360 parents with @entity1 in @entity1 health surveillance consultation, in central Portugal. Data collection was performed by a questionnaire about @entity221 in @entity1 . RESULTS: Knowledge of the @entity221 was found to be weak among parents aged * 38 years (36.2%) with a partner (77.0%), living in rural areas (69.3%) and having completed the ninth grade (53.9%). Parents up to 37 years (68.2%) with a partner (89.0%), living in urban area (53.0%) and having higher education (43.3%) showed good knowledge. The main sources of information were the doctor (65.8%) and nurses (50.6%). CONCLUSION: Nurses need to invest in training parents more on this subject.

title: OC42 - What do parents know about XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intensive comprehensive @entity2026 programs (ICAPs) have increased in number in recent years in the United States and abroad. OBJECTIVE: To describe the experiences of clinicians working in an ICAP. METHODS: A phenomenological approach was taken. Seven clinicians from 3 ICAPs were interviewed in @entity1 or on the phone. Their interviews were transcribed and coded for themes relating to their experiences. RESULTS: Clinicians described 3 major themes. The first theme related to the intensity component of the ICAP that allowed clinicians to provide in-depth treatment and gave them a different perspective with regard to providing treatment and the potential impact on the @entity1 with @entity2026 . The second theme of rewards for the clinicians included learning and support, seeing progress, and developing relationships with their clients and family members. Third, challenges were noted, including the time involved in learning new therapy techniques, @entity1 characteristics such as chronicity of the @entity2026 , and the difficulty of returning to work in typical clinical settings after having experienced an ICAP. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is a potential for bias with the small sample size, this pilot study gives insight into the clinician perspective of what makes working in an ICAP both worthwhile and challenging.

title: Clinician perspectives of an intensive comprehensive XXXX program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: Adult stem cells are capable of generating all of the cells of the hematopoietic system, and this process is orchestrated in part by the interactions between these cells and the stroma. T cell progenitors emerge from the stem cell compartment and migrate to the thymus, where their terminal differentiation and maturation occur, and it is during this phase that selection shapes the immune repertoire. Notch ligands, including @entity15974 ( @entity15974 ), play a critical role in this lymphoid differentiation. To mimic this in vitro, stroma-expressing @entity15974 have been used to generate @entity404 (+)CD8(+) double-positive and single-positive T cells from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. This system provides a robust tool to investigate thymopoiesis; however, its capacity to generate regulatory T cells (Tregs) has yet to be reported. Natural Tregs (nTregs) develop in the thymus and help maintain immune homeostasis and have potential clinical use as a cell therapy for modulation of @entity792 or for transplant tolerization. Here, we describe for the first time the development of a population of @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) CD127(lo) @entity403 (+) cells that emerge in coculture of cord blood (CB) CD34(+) progenitors on OP9- @entity15974 stroma. These hematopoietic progenitor-derived @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) Tregs have comparable suppressor function with CB nTregs in vitro. The addition of @entity1199 to the coculture enhanced the expansion and survival of this population significantly. This manipulable culture system, therefore, generates functional Tregs and provides a system to elucidate the mechanism of Treg development.

title: Development of @entity404 + XXXX + @entity403 + regulatory T cells from cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity2902 :: (3559,Gene) :: ['CD25']


abstract: @entity1243 is emerging as a key regulator of bone remodeling. In a population-based study of 1306 postmenopausal Danish @entity1 , nonsynonymous @entity13156 SNPs were associated with risk of @entity1386 , @entity1555 , and @entity174 . Smoking exacerbates this @entity13156 -associated @entity174 risk. INTRODUCTION: Nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the @entity1 @entity13156 gene have been associated with @entity1386 in a number of studies, but there have been no large-scale studies of their implications for @entity1555 and @entity3604 risk in postmenopausal @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a population-based study of 1430 @entity1 . Three well-known nonsynonymous @entity13156 ( @entity13156 ) SNPs ( @entity13157 , @entity13159 , and @entity13161 ) were genotyped for qualitative and quantitative association analysis. Phenotype characteristics of main interest were DXA measures of body fat and lean tissue mass, @entity1555 , and radiographic @entity174 . RESULTS: @entity13159 associated with risk of @entity174 (overall OR = 1.76; OR in smokers = 2.31; p = 0.0004), in addition to @entity1555 of the femoral neck and total hip (p = 0.036 and 0.008, respectively). Heterozygote carriers showed lower @entity1555 at both sites. @entity13159 was also associated with @entity1386 (p = 0.001 for total fat mass). For @entity1386 , the at-risk allele was G (resulting in an @entity369 at position 223). CONCLUSIONS: Variation in @entity13156 seemed to contribute to the variation in @entity1555 and @entity174 risk in Danish postmenopausal @entity1 ; the heterozygous genotype was associated with increased risk of manifest @entity170 . Further studies are needed to replicate these data and to clarify the mechanisms involved.

title: @entity1243 receptor genotype at @entity13159 is associated with body composition, @entity1555 , and XXXX in postmenopausal Danish @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity13156 :: ('3953', 'Gene') :: ['LEPR', 'leptin receptor']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity13159 :: ('p|SUB|Q|223|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gln223Arg']

entities_list: @entity13161 :: ('p|SUB|K|656|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys656Asn']

entities_list: @entity13157 :: ('p|SUB|K|109|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys109Arg']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of sustained-release basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on healing of bile duct defect. METHODS: A model of bile duct wall defect (2 cm in length and 1/3-2/3 of the bile duct circumference in width) was made in 24 @entity1707 (male or female, weighing 15-30 kg), and then defect was repaired with sustained-release bFGF collagen membrane (2.0 cm x 1.0 cm x 0.5 cm in size) in the experimental group (n=12) or with collagen membrane (2.0 cm x 1.0 cm x 0.5 cm in size) alone in the blank control group (n=12). Another 4 healthy @entity1707 were used to obtain normal bile duct as normal control group. The survival condition of @entity1707 was observed after operation; at 1, 2, and 3 months after operation, the blood sampling was collected to test the changes of liver function, and the bile duct specimens were harvested to count the @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) and submucosal gland by HE staining and immunohistochemistry staining; and at 3 months after operation, cholangiography examination was done. RESULTS: All the animals survived to completion of the experiment. Intra-abdominal adhesion was serious in the experimental and blank control groups at 1 week after operation, but the adhesion was markedly improved in the experimental group when compared with the blank control group with time passing. The liver function test showed that alkaline phosphatase in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group at 2 and 3 months (P < 0.05), but no significant difference in @entity492 aminortransferase, total @entity648 , and albumin was found among 3 groups (P > 0.05). The histology and immunohistochemistry staining observations showed that the regeneration rates of submucosal glands and epithelium in the experimental group were faster than those in the blank control group; defect was covered with the epithelium at 2 months, and the structure was similar to that of normal control group at 3 months; and the @entity4 and @entity32 infiltration were reduced when compared with the blank control group. The counts of @entity2101 and submucosal gland were significantly higher than those in blank control group and normal control group at 1 month after operation (P < 0.05), and then decreased and remained at normal levels at 2 months after operation. There was a positive correlation between submucosal gland counting and @entity2101 counting in 3 groups after operation (P < 0.01). The cholangiography examination showed no biliary dilatation or @entity2963 after 3 months in experimental group and blank control group. CONCLUSION: Sustained-release bFGF can promote healing of bile duct defect by accelerating the vascularization, gland regeneration, and epithelialization.

title: [Effect of sustained-release basic fibroblast growth factor on healing of bile duct defect in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['microvessel density', 'MVD']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sex hormones and gonadotropins exert a wide variety of effects in physiological and pathological processes. Accumulated evidence shows a strong heritable component of circulating concentrations of these hormones. Recently, several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted in Caucasians have identified multiple loci that influence serum levels of sex hormones. However, the @entity74 remain unknown in Chinese populations. In this study, we aimed to identify genetic variants associated with major sex hormones, gonadotropins, including @entity251 , @entity53 , follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and @entity443 ( @entity443 ) in a Chinese population. METHODS: A two-stage GWAS was conducted in a total of 3495 healthy Chinese @entity1 (1999 subjects in the GWAS discovery stage and 1496 in the confirmation stage). RESULTS: We identified a novel genetic region at 15q21.2 ( @entity31113 in @entity4819 ), which was significantly associated with @entity53 and FSH in the Chinese population at a genome-wide significant level (p=6.54 10(-31) and 1.59 10(-16), respectively). Another single nucleotide polymorphism in @entity4819 gene was significantly associated with @entity53 level ( @entity31114 , p=7.75 10(-28)). In addition, we confirmed the previous GWAS-identified locus at 17p13.1 for @entity251 ( @entity31115 , p=1.13 10(-8)) and @entity443 level ( @entity31115 , p=4.75 10(-19)) in the Chinese population. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first GWAS investigation of @entity74 of FSH and LH. The identification of novel susceptibility loci may provide more biological implications for the synthesis and metabolism of these hormones. More importantly, the confirmation of the genetic loci for @entity251 and @entity443 suggests common genetic components shared among different ethnicities.

title: Genome-wide association study of sex hormones, gonadotropins and sex hormone-binding protein in Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic determinants']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Ninety-four @entity1 and seven @entity1 were treated with low dose @entity2847 for (a) @entity4089 or (b) normoprolactinemia but with @entity6726 and a @entity977 . All the @entity977 became smaller or remained the same. @entity4090 levels decreased with treatment and inappropriate @entity6726 improved in the 53 @entity1 except for 7 where there was no change. Of the 41 @entity1 with @entity5026 78% improved with treatment. Of the 74 @entity1 with ovulatory problems, a biphasic pattern was restored in 65 @entity1 . Thirty-two @entity1 out of the 92 trying to conceive achieved a pregnancy with an abortion rate of 12.5% and non-lethal @entity154 of 9.8% (2.1% in Singapore population). Fertility was restored in 3 hyperprolactinemic oligospermic males and improved libido was professed by most of the treated @entity1 . Side effects were present but were on the whole tolerable. Pregnancy rate was better in those with high levels of @entity4090 (greater than 1000 miU/l) than in those with @entity4089 of between 500 and 1000 miU/l although this was not statistically significant chi 2 = 0.69. In the lower hyperprolactinemic range there was noticeable number of @entity1 with @entity46 and increased luteinizing hormone (LH) levels.

title: The use of XXXX in @entity4089 and @entity6726 in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormality']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual mastalgia']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'Prolactin']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity2847 :: (MESH:D001971,Chemical) :: ['bromocriptine']


abstract: The authors studied postoperatively fourteen @entity1 who underwent urinary diversion with a Camey ileal bladder for @entity150 in association with radical cystoprostatectomy, from March 1986 to June 1988. Mean follow-up was 19.5 +/- 9 months. Three @entity1 died (21.4%), two other @entity1 are alive with @entity3 . Ureteral reflux and upper tract dilatation occurred in 14.3 and 28.6% of the renal units, respectively. Daytime continence was achieved in 92.9% of the @entity1 (13 @entity1 ), frequently 6 months after the operation. @entity322 was almost universal (1 @entity1 circumvented this problem by getting up to void every three hours during the night). Thirteen @entity1 had urodynamic testing after the operation. Mean capacity of the ileal bladder was 344 ml with mean intraluminal pressure of 24 cm water. Mean urethral closing pressure was 49 cm water. Voiding was accomplished by abdominal straining concomitant with external sphincter relaxation. Post-void residual was less than 50 ml, except in one @entity1 . The authors discuss these results and compare them to those of other studies.

title: [Functional outcome of a U-shaped ileocystoplasty (the Camey I procedure) in XXXX . Apropos of 14 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Nocturnal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['cancer of the bladder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Reduced plasma @entity369 ( @entity534 ) concentrations are found in various types of @entity5 . @entity534 and its product @entity842 (NO) are important mediators in the immune function and the defense against @entity5 cells. It remains unclear whether the diminished systemic @entity534 availability in @entity5 is related to insufficient endogenous @entity534 synthesis, negatively affecting NO synthesis, and whether a dietary @entity3689 mixture is able to restore this. In 13 @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and 11 healthy controls, whole body @entity534 and @entity7792 rates of appearance were measured by stable isotope methodology before and after intake of a mixture of @entity3534 as present in whey protein. The conversions of @entity7792 to @entity534 (indicator of de novo @entity534 synthesis) and @entity534 to @entity7792 (marker of NO synthesis), and @entity534 clearance (reflecting @entity534 disposal capacity) were calculated. Plasma isotopic enrichments and @entity3689 concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS. Conversions of @entity7792 to @entity534 and @entity534 to @entity7792 (P<0.05), and @entity7792 rate of appearance (P=0.07) were lower in @entity1149 . @entity534 rate of appearance and clearance were comparable suggesting no enhanced systemic @entity534 production and disposal capacity in @entity1149 . After intake of the mixture, @entity534 rate of appearance and concentration increased (P<0.001), and @entity534 to @entity7792 conversion was restored in @entity1149 . In conclusion, an impaired endogenous @entity534 synthesis plays a role in the reduced systemic @entity534 availability and NO synthesis in advanced @entity1149 . Nutritional approaches may restore systemic @entity534 availability and NO synthesis in @entity5 , but the clinical implication remains unclear.

title: Reduced @entity369 availability and XXXX synthesis in @entity5 is related to impaired endogenous @entity369 synthesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: @entity148 and @entity308 are prevalent comorbid conditions in @entity1030 . Furthermore, diseases related @entity148 (fear of progression, end-of-life fear) occur very often. @entity148 can have a negative impact on @entity1 ' quality of life and is sometimes even considered as a risk factor for re-hospitalisation. There are only a few studies that focus on disease related @entity148 in @entity1030 . The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between disease related @entity148 (fear of progression, end-of-life fear), @entity458 status and quality of life in @entity1030 @entity1 . 132 @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1605 ) participated in the study. Results of a MANOVA showed no differences between diseases related @entity148 among @entity1 with different disease severity ( @entity1605 ). Furthermore, the results showed significant associations between end-of-life fear, fear of progression, @entity308 and quality of life. Further analyses showed that there is a need for managing end-of-life fears and improving end-of-life care. Overall, our study showed, that health disease related @entity148 play an important role in @entity1030 and still do not receive enough attention.

title: [Fear of progression and end-of-life fear in @entity1030 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxieties']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: Following surgical therapy, new @entity6312 may develop, in particular at the site of the previous saphenofemoral junction. The objective of this study is the appreciation of the causes of the bad results of surgical procedures in the treatment of @entity6312 and the proposal of the possibilities of their prevention. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of the group of 404 @entity1 (573 procedures) with the diagnosis of the recurrence after previous radical surgery was performed. After exclusion of perforator refluxes, the most frequently, the great saphenous vein territory was affected (86%), followed by the small saphenous vein territory (14%). The group of 30 consecutive @entity1 (35 limbs) with saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal recurrence was selected for this study. Based on preoperative ultrasound and per-operative morphological findings, in 12 @entity1 (14 limbs) - 8 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , meticulous histopathological examination of the venous tissue block from the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal region, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and protein S-100 investigation were performed. RESULTS: In 14 limbs with sonographic and clinical suspition for neovascularisation, this entity was confirmed in 11 of them (79%) which represents 31.42% of the whole group. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity6312 recurrences can be observed not only after technically or tactically imperfect primary procedure (which is surely the most common cause of the @entity6312 recurrence), but also after the operations performed by the experienced venous surgeon in the perfect way. Neovascularisation explains a certain number of postoperative recurrences despite correctly conducted disconnection of the saphenous termination. The endovascular procedures (endovenous laser or radiofrequency saphenous obliteration) without open groin access can minimise the possibility of this complication.

title: [Neovascularisation as a cause of recurrence after XXXX operation].

entities_list: @entity6312 :: ('MESH:D014648', 'Disease') :: ['varicose veins']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity6312 :: (MESH:D014648,Disease) :: ['varicose veins']


abstract: This paper is the 13th report in a series of studies on the application of microexplosion to medicine and biology. The recovery process of injured ureters was investigated in the day. The 60 ureters of 42 mongrel @entity235 were used. The ureter was injured with a nail, punch or surgical knife. The " @entity130 " was passed through the ureter with a nail of 1 mm or 2 mm in diameter, the " @entity130 " was punched out in the ureter by a puncher of 1 mm or 2 mm in diameter and the " @entity130 " was cut in the ureter 5 mm or 10 mm in size with a surgical knife. The recovery process of the injured ureter was observed in each of the two ureters 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the injury by means of IVP, for macroscopic and microscopic findings. The results were as follows: 1) In IVP, it was observed that the 1 mm @entity130 resulted in no urine leakage after 3 days, that the 2 mm @entity130 and 1 mm @entity130 in no urine leakage after almost 1 week and that the 2 mm @entity130 and 5 mm @entity130 and 10 mm @entity130 in no urine leakage after almost 3 weeks. Hydroureter due to tissue @entity4 was observed only in one ureter with a 10 mm @entity130 after 1 week. No @entity1901 , @entity3041 or hydroureter was observed in the other ureters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Recovery process of injured ureters in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral stricture']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cut injury', 'punch injury', 'pierced injury']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an ethnic variation in outcomes for @entity694 in New Zealand. Whether this disparity is caused by @entity5 biology or inequitable provision of treatment services after diagnosis has not been elucidated. METHOD: National @entity5 registry data from 1996 to 2003 were obtained. Incidence and mortality rates for the four major ethnic groups were age-adjusted to the new WHO world population. The impact of age, sex, AJCC stage and site of @entity5 at diagnosis was compared between ethnic groups using a Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 11 987 @entity694 registrations were identified. The overall raw 5-year mortality was 53.7%. The age-adjusted incidence in Europeans was more than double that of the Maori, Asian and Pacific populations at 33.0 per 100,000 population/year. Europeans presented at a greater age, with more right sided @entity5 , and at an earlier stage of disease. The opposite was true for the Maori population. Pacific Islanders and Asians presented at a younger age, but with a similar site, stage and sex distribution to the rest of the population. There were no significant differences in 5 year mortality after diagnosis when age, sex, stage, and site at presentation were controlled for by cox regression analysis. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that age, sex, stage and site at presentation may be more important than inequality in treatment provision after diagnosis in explaining differences in outcomes between the ethnicities. Efforts need to be focused on identifying reasons for the increased risk of @entity694 in Europeans and the later stage disease presentation in the Maori population.

title: Ethnic disparity in XXXX outcomes in New Zealand--biology or an access issue?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic neoplasia', 'colonic cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic cancer']


abstract: Asymmetry of symptoms of @entity191 is clinically most evident for @entity73 . For @entity73 such as freezing of gait, asymmetry is less obvious. To date, asymmetries in balance control in @entity1726 @entity1 have seldom been studied. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether postural control can be asymmetrically affected in mild to moderate @entity1726 @entity1 . Seventeen @entity1726 @entity1 were instructed to stand as still and symmetrically as possible on a dual force-plate during two trials. Dynamic postural asymmetry was assessed by comparing the centre-of-pressure velocities between both legs. Results showed that four @entity1 (24%) had dynamic postural asymmetry, even after correcting for weight-bearing asymmetry. Hence, this study suggests that postural control can be asymmetrical in early @entity1726 . However, future studies should investigate the prevalence of dynamic postural asymmetry, in a larger group of @entity1726 @entity1 . It should also be further investigated whether this approach can be used as a tool to support the initial diagnosis or monitor disease progression, or as an outcome measure for interventions aimed at improving balance in @entity1726 .

title: Assessment of postural asymmetry in mild to moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['appendicular impairments', 'axial impairments']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: A high-dose local @entity927 has been introduced in total knee arthroplasty for bleeding control. We are not sure about the systemic absorption and side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low dosage of intra-articular @entity927 injection combined with 2-hour clamp drain in minimally bleeding computer-assisted surgery total knee replacement (CAS-TKR). A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in a total of 48 @entity1 underwent CAS-TKR. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either of a mixed intra-articular solution of @entity927 250 mg with physiologic saline ( @entity928 group), or physiologic saline (control group) and then followed by clamp drain for 2 hours. @entity86 was measured by three different methods as drainage volume, total hemoglobin loss and @entity190 . Transfusion requirement and @entity260 were recorded. All @entity1 were screened for @entity1150 and the functional outcomes were evaluated at 6 months after surgery. The mean postoperative drainage volume, total hemoglobin loss and @entity190 in @entity928 group were 308.8 mL, 2.1 g/dL and 206.3 mL compared to 529.0 mL, 3.0 g/dL and 385.1 mL in the control group (P=0.0003, 0.0005 and <0.0001 respectively). Allogenic blood transfusion was needed for one @entity1 (4.2%) in @entity928 group and for eight @entity1 (33.3%) in the control group. Postoperative knee scores were not significantly different between groups. No @entity1150 , @entity2737 was detected in both groups. In this study, low dose intra-articular @entity927 injection combined with 2-hour clamping drain was effective for @entity86 and transfusion requirement in CAS-TKR without significant difference in @entity260 or functional outcomes.

title: XXXX reduction in computer-assisted surgery total knee replacement by low dose intra-articular @entity927 injection together with 2-hour clamp drain: a prospective triple-blinded randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['calculated total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['infection or wound complication']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative blood loss', 'reducing postoperative blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative blood loss']


abstract: This study was aimed at evaluating the protective effect of @entity7447 on @entity8561 -induced acute @entity788 in @entity35 regarding biomarkers and morphologic changes. Thirty-two male @entity35 were divided into 4 equal groups. Control group received intraperitoneal normal saline, while in sham and experimental groups 1 and 2 @entity788 was induced with @entity8561 . E1 and E2 groups were treated with a single dose of 100 and 200   mg/kg Q10, respectively. Serum @entity9112 and amylase, along with pancreas @entity13358 , @entity3426 , and @entity1505 , were measured. For evaluation of oxidative stress, pancreatic @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), and @entity1589 (MPO) were assessed. Histopathological examination for morphologic investigation was conducted. Serum amylase and @entity9112 , as well as @entity1505 and @entity3426 cytokines, reverted with administration of Q10 in consistence with dosage. In contrast, Q10 assisted in boosting of @entity13358 with higher dosage (200   mg/kg). A similar pattern for oxidative stress markers was noticed. Both @entity1865 and MPO levels declined with increased dosage, contrary to elevation of SOD and @entity6172 . Histopathology was in favor of protective effects of Q10. Our findings proved the amelioration of @entity660 by Q10, which suggest the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property of Q10 and its potential therapeutic role.

title: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of XXXX on @entity8561 -Induced Acute @entity788 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity7447 :: (MESH:C024989,Chemical) :: ['Coenzyme Q10']


abstract: Cell kinetic information is an important adjunct to histologically-based @entity5 classifications. Presently, cell kinetic data can be obtained from slide-based material only with monoclonal antibodies such as Ki-67, which require the use of frozen sections and cannot be applied to archival, paraffin-embedded material. Monoclonal antibodies have recently been generated to @entity1364 , a 36 kd, S-phase-associated nuclear protein. The authors investigated whether monoclonal antibody 19A2 could be used to identify proliferating cells within fixed, embedded tissue sections. Deparaffinized sections of 41 methacarn-fixed @entity1 @entity5 were immunostained with 19A2 using a streptavidin @entity1885 immunoperoxidase system. A semiquantitative scoring system was used to evaluate the fraction of cells that were @entity1364 -positive, and this score was compared with cell kinetic data obtained from parallel flow cytometric S-phase analysis that had been performed on fresh samples of the same @entity5 . While there was general agreement between the slide-based, antibody-derived and the flow cytometrically-derived cell kinetic information, some discrepancies were observed. Some of the latter represented cases in which the anti- @entity1364 antibody preparations demonstrated significant heterogeneity in the numbers of proliferating cells in different regions of the @entity5 . In other cases, a significant fraction of the positive cells corresponded to nontumor stromal and/or inflammatory cells. In these cases, the slide-based method provided more information about the @entity5 cell population than did the flow cytometry data. It is concluded that semiquantitative immunocytochemical analysis with anti- @entity1364 antibodies may represent a simple, reproducible, yet powerful technique for the routine analysis of cell kinetic data in @entity167 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue by the surgical pathologist.

title: Analysis of proliferative grade using anti- XXXX monoclonal antibodies in fixed, embedded tissues. Comparison with flow cytometric analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1364 :: (5111,Gene) :: ['PCNA/cyclin']


abstract: @entity1 undergoing ambulatory laparoscopy are known to experience a variety of minor postoperative morbidity which prolongs recovery time and delays discharge. The purpose of this study was to investigate general anesthetic recovery of ambulatory laparoscopy @entity1 receiving two rapid-acting, but disparate, anesthetic techniques. Thirty-one ASA I and II @entity1 between 19 and 44 years of age were randomly divided into two groups. Group I received an @entity5161 -based anesthetic, and Group II received an @entity680 continuous infusion. Through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), Group II recovery scores were found to be significantly higher at T0 (p less than .0001), (p less than .0001), T15 (p less than .001), T30 (p less than .01) and T45 (p less than .02). There was no difference between groups at T60, at which time all @entity1 received the maximum score of 10. No other factor besides anesthetic technique significantly affected recovery scores. Group II @entity1 spent an average of 166 minutes (+/- 59 standard deviation) in the recovery room in comparison with 192 minutes (+/- 32 standard deviation) for Group I @entity1 . Despite this finding, an ANCOVA determined that only presence of postoperative @entity391 significantly affected recovery room time (p less than .03). Further research is indicated in the endeavor to reduce postoperative morbidity of this @entity1 population.

title: Anesthetic recovery after ambulatory laparoscopy: a comparison of XXXX and @entity680 infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Blunt @entity764 are amongst the most life threatening @entity130 in adult @entity1230 @entity1 . Nevertheless, the treatment of these @entity764 has not been standardized yet. Previous publications have reported on the prevention and the treatment of @entity1576 by using @entity717 ( @entity717 ), but there is still a lack of information using this approach in the presence of pulmonary contusions. Therefore current literature indicates a variety of treatment protocols and its use is contended. METHODS: We submitted a 32-item online-questionnaire to 155 hospitals participating in the nationwide TraumaNetwork to assess current treatment concepts in @entity1230 @entity1 suffering from blunt @entity764 including lung contusions with particular focus on the use of @entity717 . Overall, 21 level I, 53 level II and 81 level III @entity130 centres were contacted. The questionnaire was created using "interview 123 5.5.b.de ND6". RESULTS: The overall response rate was 35.5% (55/155) and responses were received from 10 level I (47.6%), 17 level II (32.1%) and 24 level III (29.6%) @entity130 centres. Thirty-five of the responders (63.6%) declared to be able to perform lateral rotational bed therapy. For level I and II @entity130 centres more than 80% were able to apply kinetic positioning in contrast to only 50% of level III @entity130 centres. Although 42.9% of the @entity1 reported on the existence of standardized treatment protocols, 57.1% failed to report a standardized operating procedure for @entity717 . The annual mean number of @entity1 per centre treated via @entity717 was 15 (0-130). Treatment modalities such as PEEP and the duration of @entity717 also showed great variability. Against this background three out of four centres declared an urgent need for further clinical research in the field. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reflect the wide range of different @entity717 treatment strategies performed for blunt @entity358 involving lung contusions in German @entity130 centres. We conclude that a high-quality randomized-controlled trial is warranted to critically assess the role of @entity717 in @entity1230 @entity1 with blunt @entity764 to provide a sound basis for future clinical guidelines.

title: Rotational bed therapy after blunt XXXX : a nationwide online-survey on current concepts of care in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injuries', 'chest injuries', 'chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary trauma']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['continuous lateral rotational bed therapy', 'CLRT']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant @entity900 -based chemotherapy for locally advanced upper tract urothelial cell @entity189 (UTUC) following radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection (RNU) in terms of survival and recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2000 and January 2013, among 145 @entity1 with upper tract urothelial cell @entity189 , a total of 65 @entity1 with locally advanced UTUC (a diagnosis of @entity1803 or pT4 or @entity2558 -2N1-3) underwent RNU. Of these 65 @entity1 , 36 @entity1 received at least three cycles of adjuvant @entity136 plus @entity900 chemotherapy and the remaining 29 @entity1 did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical characteristics, @entity1494 , distant @entity3 , and @entity5 -specific survival were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The mean age of the 65 @entity1 was 60.4 (range, 37-87) years and the median follow-up period was 34 (range, 12-114) months. Patent demographics were not statistically different between the two groups. During the follow-up period, 14 @entity1 (21.5%) experienced distant @entity3 ; 8 (8/36, 22.2%) @entity1 who had undergone adjuvant chemotherapy and 6 (6/29, 20.7%) @entity1 who did not. Bladder recurrence was noted in 17 @entity1 (26.2%), 5 (5/36, 13.9%) of whom received adjuvant chemotherapy while the remaining 12 (12/29, 41.4%) did not. Kaplan-Meire and multivariate analysis showed that the incidence of @entity1494 was significantly higher in @entity1 who did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy, and @entity5 specific survival was not significantly associated with adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced UTUC can prevent @entity1494 , but has a minimal effect on @entity5 -specific survival.

title: The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced upper tract urothelial cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder recurrence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']