abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent genetic surveys including a genome-wide association study have identified @entity2936 as a susceptibility gene for several @entity792 . This study was designed to investigate the association of @entity2936 gene polymorphisms with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity7375 in a Han Chinese population. METHODS: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), @entity39050 and @entity45942 , were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 373 @entity195 @entity1 , 519 @entity7375 @entity1 and 402 controls. A binary logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the influence of gender on the association of @entity2936 polymorphisms with @entity195 . RESULTS: Our results showed significantly increased frequencies of the homozygous @entity39050 TT and @entity45942 TT in @entity195 @entity1 as compared with the controls [Bonferroni-corrected P-value for gender adjustment (Pac)   =   0.006, odds ratio (OR)   =   1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38, 2.83;    =   0.012, OR   =   1.73, 95% CI 1.22, 2.46, respectively]. A markedly decreased frequency of the heterozygous @entity39050 GT was observed in @entity195 @entity1 as compared with the controls (    =   0.042, OR   =   0.68, 95% CI 0.51, 0.90). The genotype and allele frequencies of @entity39050 and @entity45942 were not different between @entity7375 @entity1 and controls. Stratification analysis did not find any association between the tested SNPs and extra-ocular manifestations of both diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that TT genotypes of @entity39050 and @entity45942 may be predisposing genotypes for @entity195 , and that the @entity39050 GT genotype may be a protective genotype for @entity195 . The two tested @entity2936 gene polymorphisms are not associated with @entity7375 in the investigated Han Chinese population.

title: XXXX gene polymorphisms confer risk of Behcet's disease but not of @entity7375 in a Han Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity7375 :: ('MESH:D014607', 'Disease') :: ['VKH', 'Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome', 'VKH syndrome']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity2936 :: (958,Gene) :: ['CD40']


abstract: We have cultured cells from normal and benign @entity3923 tissues under conditions favoring epithelial cell proliferation. However, such primary cells rapidly lose their ability to grow in vitro. Immortal lines were established after transfection with SV 40 T gene and several cell clones isolated from Normal Breast Adjacent to a @entity5 (NBAT 32 T2 to T7) and two benign mastopathies (NPM 21 T1 to T14 and NPM 14 T4). This immortalization of epithelial cells reduced the doubling time of cultured cells and increased the densities of the cultured cell populations. Among there cell lines we have characterized five clones and found differences in a number of aspects. Southern blot analysis showed that the SV 40 T gene was stably integrated in the genome of all the established cell lines. Two of the clones (NPM 21 T2 and NPM 21 T4) were nearly diploid showing a high degree of stability. Two other clones (NPM 14 T4 and NPM 21 T1) had near-tetraploid karyotypes, although quite heterogeneous. Comparison of the ultrastructural phenotypes shows that the two near-diploid cell lines were more differentiated than the two others. @entity53 receptors measured by Scatchard analysis and by transactivation of vitellogenin promotor were absent from all the cell lines. @entity1420 receptors measured by Scatchard analysis of hormone binding were present in the NPM 14 T4 and NBAT 32 T4 cell lines. The NPM 21 T1 cell line did not contain such @entity134 receptors. These cell lines are persistent in long-term culture, thus providing a useful in vitro model system for studying factors involved in the proliferation and the transformation of @entity1 mammary epithelial cells.

title: Phenotypes of XXXX epithelial cell lines immortalized from benign mastopathies.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3923 :: ('MESH:D005348', 'Disease') :: ['mastopathy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2166 ( @entity2166 ) is a @entity74 often occurring in the background of several disorders such as infections, @entity5 , and @entity627 . Recently, a score known as the HScore was developed for the diagnosis of @entity2166 . In the original study, most of the @entity1 had underlying @entity5 or @entity281 and the best cut-off value for the HScore was 169 (sensitivity 93%; specificity 86%). In this study we aimed to analyse the performance of the HScore in @entity627 . METHOD: The @entity1 with @entity627 evaluated in the Departments of Rheumatology and Paediatric Rheumatology at Hacettepe University, Ankara, @entity233 between 2002 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The first group (n  =  30) consisted of @entity1 with @entity2166 ; the control group (n  =  64) included @entity1 with active @entity627 without @entity2166 . RESULTS: In the @entity2166 group, 14 (46.7%) had @entity11533 ( @entity11533 ), 10 (33.3%) @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ), and six (20%) @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). The control group (n  =  64) consisted of 32 (50%) @entity11533 , 13 (20.3%) @entity4932 , and 19 (29.7%) @entity1252 @entity1 . Applying the HScore to the @entity2166 @entity1 , the best cut-off value was 190.5 with a sensitivity of 96.7% and specificity of 98.4%. When we excluded the @entity1 from the control group who had not had @entity236 (n  =  23), the same cut-off (190.5) performed best (sensitivity 96.7%; specificity 97.6%). Applying the 2004 @entity9058 (HLH-2004) criteria gave a sensitivity of 56.6% and a specificity of 100% in the whole study group. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, a cut-off value for the HScore different from the original study performed better. Further studies are warranted to determine optimum cut-off values in different studies.

title: Assessment of the HScore for reactive haemophagocytic syndrome in XXXX with @entity627 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases', 'rheumatic disorders', 'rheumatic disease-related RHS']

entities_list: @entity11533 :: ('MESH:D016706', 'Disease') :: ["adult-onset Still's disease", 'AOSD']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haematological malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['SJIA', 'systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['RHS', 'Reactive haemophagocytic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspiration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity580 in pediatric long-term care facilities. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: An 87-bed pediatric long-term care facility. @entity1 : All @entity1 receiving long-term care at Bloorview @entity1 's Hospital during the study period. RESULTS: Infection developed in 40.1% of @entity1 (n = 456). The nosocomial infection rate per 1000 @entity1 days (mean, 7.84) varied substantially, from 1.66 in May 1988 to 16.37 day in April, 1989. The proportional frequencies of @entity281 were as follows: respiratory, 41.6% (37.0% upper, 4.6% lower); urinary tract, 31.0%; skin, 15.6% (gastric tube site 5.0%, other 10.6%), eyes, 6.4%; gastrointestinal, 3.5%; and other, 1.5%. Of those @entity281 for which an organism was recovered (48.5%), pathogens included @entity526 (22.5%), Enterococcus (14.8%), Staphylococcus (14.8%), Streptococcus (11.2%), @entity4005 (10.5%), Pseudomonas (10.1%), @entity795 (4.3%), @entity375 (4.3%), Salmonella (0.7%), @entity2718 (0.4%), and other (6.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and nature of @entity281 in pediatric long-term care facilities differs from those in acute care facilities. Physicians should become familiar with the infection rates in the populations whom they treat. Control requires compliance with currently recognized effective strategies as well as innovative practical approaches to @entity1576 . @entity146 related to frequent clean, intermittent catheterization in young adults need to be addressed.

title: An epidemiologic study of XXXX in a pediatric long-term care facility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Behavioral problems']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-sternotomy @entity1764 (PSM) is a devastating surgical complication affecting 1-3% of @entity1 that undergo cardiac surgery. @entity794 is one of the most commonly encountered bacterial pathogen cultured from mediastinal samples obtained from @entity1 with PSM. A component of the membrane of the gram positive bacteria, lipoteichoic acid, stimulates the blood monocytes and macrophages to secrete cytokines, radicals and @entity1568 species leading to oxido-inflammatory damage. This seems to be responsible for the high mortality rate in PSM. For the evaluation of the pathogenesis of @entity281 or for the investigation of alternative treatment models in @entity281 , no standard model of @entity1764 seems to be available. In this study, we evaluated four @entity1764 models in @entity35 . METHODS: The @entity35 were divided into four groups to form @entity281 models. Group A: A suspension of 1 x 107 colony-forming units @entity794 in 0,5 mL was inoculated from the right second intercostal space into the mediastinum. Group B: A hole was created in the right second intercostal space and a piece of stainless-steel implant with a length of 0.5 cm was inserted into the mediastinum and a suspension of 1 x 107 cfu bacteria in 0,5 mL was administered via the tail vein. Group C: Precolonized stainless-steel implant was inserted into the mediastinum. Group D: Precolonized stainless-steel implant was inserted into the mediastinum and the bacteria suspension was also injected into the mediastinum. On the 10th day, @entity35 were sacrificed and the extension of @entity281 in the mediastenae was evaluated by quantitative cultures. @entity1589 activity ( @entity1589 ) and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels were determined in the sera to evaluate the neutrophil activation and assess the inflammatory oxidation. RESULTS: The degree of @entity281 in group C and D were 83.3% and 100% respectively (P < 0.001). @entity1865 levels were significantly higher in these two groups than the others (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Infected implants and high bacterial concentration administration were the two important components that played a significant role in the outcome of a successful @entity281 in mediastinum in a @entity35 model.

title: Comparison and evaluation of experimental XXXX models: precolonized foreign body implants and bacterial suspension inoculation seems promising.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'different infection']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity1764 :: (MESH:D008480,Disease) :: ['mediastinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Refugees have often been exposed to torture in their countries of origin. Rehabilitation of tortured refugees living in Denmark is offered by the specialized Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims in Copenhagen. After an interdisciplinary assessment eligible @entity1 are recommended rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To explore tortured refugees' expectations of the @entity158 rehabilitation programme offered at our centre. DESIGN: Explorative qualitative interview study. @entity1 : Fifteen consecutive Arabic-speaking @entity1 , waiting for rehabilitation after having been assessed by a physician, a psychologist, a physiotherapist and a social worker, were interviewed. METHODS: Individual qualitative interviews were performed by an Arabic-speaking psychologist, and analysed with content analyses. RESULTS: One theme: different expectations of @entity158 rehabilitation and 4 categories emerged: general expectations of the rehabilitation programme; specific expectations of professional treatment; expectations of mutual participation and communication; and expected rehabilitation outcomes. CONCLUSION: The tortured refugees had different, mostly positive, expectations of the @entity158 rehabilitation programme. General expectations of the rehabilitation content, as well as specific expectations of the professionals' treatment, were expressed. Mutual and active participation and communication between @entity1 and therapists were important expectations. In addition, positive outcomes, such as improved health, improved coping ability and @entity158 , were expected.

title: Tortured refugees' expectations of a XXXX rehabilitation programme: an explorative qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['multidisciplinary pain', 'decreased pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['multidisciplinary pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Bleeding from esophageal varices is a major complication of @entity1575 . Non-selective beta-blockers exert an influence on the functional part of @entity101 , thereby reducing the risk of @entity548 . Direct measurement of this functional part is not possible; nevertheless, pro-inflammatory markers as well as parameters of @entity409 might serve as surrogate markers. The aim of study was to assess the correlation between the therapeutic efficacy of @entity1405 and markers of @entity409 and systemic @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity1575 and @entity101 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity101 were given @entity1405 , 25 mg q.i.d. for 30 days. @entity99 ( @entity99 ) and biochemical determinations were performed prior to and after the treatment. Eight healthy individuals served as controls for comparison of biochemical markers. RESULTS: In the whole group of cirrhotic @entity1 , @entity99 decreased from 17.7+/-3.8 to 14.9+/-4.8 mmHg (p<0.001). Complete response was seen in 15 @entity1 (42%). Baseline serum levels of @entity4105 were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders (119.8+/-70.6 versus 52.6+/-25.7 ng/ml; p=0.023) and in controls (28.8+/-22.2 ng/ml; p=0.004). Furthermore, baseline @entity310 levels were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders (22.8+/-15.7 versus 7+/-8.9; p=0.047) and in controls (5.5+/-5.9 pg/ml; p=0.005). Serum levels of @entity2071 showed the same trend (4360+/-2870 versus 2861+/-1577 versus 651+/-196 ng/ml), although differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Markers of systemic @entity32 and @entity409 seem to predict the @entity551 effect of @entity1405 on @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity1575 and may be useful in the assessment of the efficacy of the therapy.

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity101 depends on the degree of endothelial activation and inflammatory changes.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HVPG', 'Hepatic venous pressure gradient']

answer: @entity1405 :: (MESH:C043211,Chemical) :: ['carvedilol']


abstract: Adults with mild to moderate @entity497 were treated with @entity4580 (500 mg once daily for 3 days) or @entity4581 (250 mg twice daily for 10 days) and clinically assessed between days 3 and 7 and days 12 and 16. @entity1 classified as improved at the day 12-16 visit were also evaluated between days 19 and 23. Two hundred three @entity1 were treated (101 with @entity4580 , 102 with @entity4581 ). A satisfactory clinical response was recorded at the end of therapy in 83 of 88 (94%) evaluable @entity4580 -treated and 84 of 88 (95%) evaluable @entity4581 -treated @entity1 (P=0.518). At day 19-23, only one @entity1 in each treatment group had relapsed. Thirty-one of 32 (97%) pathogens isolated from @entity1 in the @entity4580 group were eradicated, compared with 32 of 35 (91%) isolated from @entity4581 @entity1 . In all @entity1 with @entity55 , the clinical response was satisfactory at follow-up. Incidences of treatment-related adverse events were similar for the two groups (P=0.815). Two (2%) @entity4581 @entity1 discontinued therapy due to severe treatment-related adverse events; none in the @entity4580 group did. This study shows that a 3-day, once-daily course of @entity4580 is as clinically effective and well tolerated as a 10-day, twice-daily course of @entity4581 in the treatment of mild to moderate @entity497 .

title: Randomized, multicentre study of the efficacy and tolerance of XXXX versus @entity4581 in the treatment of adults with mild to moderate @entity497 . @entity4580 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['atypical pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity4580 :: (MESH:D017963,Chemical) :: ['azithromycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy remains regarding the adequacy of the lymph node evaluation achieved by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for @entity2 . This study compared the completeness of the lymph node dissection or sampling for @entity1 undergoing lobectomy by open thoracotomy vs VATS for clinical @entity2 . METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of 129 @entity1 who underwent lobectomy for clinical N0 @entity2 from December 2008 to January  2012. RESULTS: Lobectomy was an open procedure in 69 @entity1 (53.5%) and by VATS in 60 (46.5%). The VATS and open groups were well matched for age (p  = 0.50) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage predicted (p  = 0.16). The mean pathologic @entity5 sizes were not significantly different (2.9    0.26 vs 3.4    0.25 cm, respectively; p  = 0. 14). The mean number of nodes dissected in the open group was significantly higher (14.7     1.3 vs. 9.9    0.8 nodes; p  = 0.003). In the open lobectomy group, 24.6% of the @entity1 were upstaged to pathologic N1 or N2 compared with 10% in the VATS group (p  = 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier 3-year survival was similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our hands, significantly more lymph nodes were dissected, and a higher percentage of @entity1 were upstaged to N1/N2, during open lobectomy compared with VATS lobectomy in @entity1 with clinical stage @entity2 . Although this did not translate into improved survival at 3 years, concern is raised about the adequacy of lymph node dissection during VATS lobectomy.

title: Lymph node evaluation achieved by open lobectomy compared with thoracoscopic lobectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['N0 lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['N0 lung cancer']


abstract: @entity664 ( @entity664 ) is a potent mitogen which induces growth of collateral vessels in ischaemic and infarcted @entity1562 . The effect of systemically administered @entity664 on left ventricular (LV) function, @entity1283 and @entity5707 following acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have not yet been fully investigated. Thirty Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 were randomized to receive @entity664 (0.5 mg) or @entity35 albumin intraperitoneally for 1 week, beginning immediately after the induction of @entity583 . Five animals served as controls and did not undergo any operation. Animals were killed 6 weeks after surgery and the hearts were perfused and fixed at physiological pressure. Transverse cross-sections from infarcted areas were stained with antibodies against @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) and Masson-trichrome and analysed with a coloured-image analyser for LV area (mm2), LV cavity diameter (mm), infarcted area (%), and wall thickness (mm) in @entity1188 regions. LV area was similar in @entity583 @entity35 and in controls (41.7 +/- 6.9 and 43.0 +/- 1.5 mm2, respectively) and was significantly larger in @entity583 @entity664 -treated ( @entity583 / @entity664 ) animals (47.6 +/- 7.1 mm2) (P = 0.023). LV cavity diameter was significantly larger in the @entity583 group than in @entity583 / @entity664 and control animals (6.0 +/- 0.8, 4.9 +/- 1.4, and 4.4 +/- 0.8 mm, respectively, P = 0.018). Wall thickness in the non-infarcted region was significantly smaller in @entity583 animals (1.4 +/- 0.3 mm) than in @entity583 / @entity664 animals (1.6 +/- 0.4 mm) and the control group (1.6 +/- 0.1 mm) (P = 0.015). The ratio between LV cavity diameter/non- @entity583 wall thickness was higher in @entity583 than in control and @entity583 / @entity664 groups (4.8 +/- 1.6, 2.7 +/- 0.6 and 3.3 +/- 1.8, respectively, P = 0.03). Proliferating endothelial cells were significantly more abundant in infarcted than in normal areas in both @entity583 and @entity583 / @entity664 groups, but with no significant differences between the groups. Intraperitoneal administration of @entity664 did not cause any untoward extracardiac effects. Thus, systemic @entity664 administration following acute @entity583 in @entity35 prevents dilatation of the LV, induces @entity1184 of the non-infarcted @entity1562 and exerts no untoward effects on extracardiac organs.

title: XXXX induces @entity1283 following acute @entity1188 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted and non-infarcted']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['LV remodelling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity664 :: (54250(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Basic fibroblast growth factor']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity51446 is an illegal @entity35 poison that has resulted in a number of accidental mass poisonings in China. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long term outcome of @entity51446 @entity4968 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey of @entity302 attacks in 370 @entity1 in the Hubei province of P. R. China who had survived @entity51446 @entity4968 in the last decade was undertaken by means of telephone calls, letters, and interviews. Data describing the initial acute episode was gathered from medical and public health records. RESULTS: Among the 370 @entity1 surveyed (188 males, 182 females, age range 10 to 71 y), 352 experienced @entity410 during the initial @entity4968 . One hundred fifty-eight individuals are currently @entity410 -free, after an average medication period of 2.93 years. The other @entity1 have recurrent @entity302 , including 156 with @entity410 and 39 with partial @entity410 . Six @entity1 have other @entity16 . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: @entity51446 , a @entity35 poison sometimes ingested by mistake, blocks @entity1246 receptors and causes @entity410 . These @entity410 can persist for years after the initial @entity4968 , even when no @entity410 are present initially. @entity1092 , which has the ability to increase the amount of @entity1246 in the CNS, would be a reasonable choice for the treatment of @entity302 caused by @entity51446 @entity4968 .

title: Long term effects of XXXX @entity4968 : an observational study.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological problems']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity51446 :: ('MESH:C010349', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetramine', 'tetramine']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity51446 :: (MESH:C010349,Chemical) :: ['tetramine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess spontaneous baroreceptor-heart rate reflex sensitivity during sleep in @entity1 with @entity27 , a condition associated with @entity65 and mortality and characterized by marked sympathetic activation, which is believed to originate from @entity519 chemoreceptor stimulation, although little is known of other possible mechanisms such as @entity73 . DESIGN AND METHODS: In 11 @entity1 with @entity27 (mean+/-SD age 46.8+/-8.1 years, @entity386 / @entity387 index 67.9+/-19.1 h), who were normotensive or borderline @entity101 during wakefulness by clinic blood pressure measurements, finger blood pressure was monitored beat-by-beat non-invasively (Finapres) at night during polysomnography. Periods of wakefulness and sleep were identified based on electroencephalographic recordings. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by the sequence technique, as the slope of the regression line between spontaneous @entity101 (SBP) and the related lengthening or shortening in the RR interval, occurring over spontaneous sequences of four or more consecutive beats. The number of these sequences was also computed, as an additional index of baroreflex engagement by the spontaneous blood pressure fluctuations. The controls were age-related normotensive or borderline @entity101 subjects without @entity387 who had been investigated in previous studies; in these subjects blood pressure was recorded intra-arterially over 24 h in ambulatory conditions and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by the sequence technique. RESULTS: In our @entity1 the lowest nocturnal arterial @entity26 saturation was 78.6+/-12.1% (mean+/-SD). During sleep, the number of pooled +RR/+SBP and -RR/-SBP sequences per hour was 20.3+/-2.7 per h in @entity1 with @entity387 and 27.1+/-2.1 /h in controls (means+/-SEM). The average baroreflex sensitivity during sleep periods was 7.04+/-0.8 ms/mmHg in @entity387 @entity1 and 10.05+/-2.1 ms/mmHg in controls. Both the pooled number of sequences and baroreflex sensitivity values of the @entity387 @entity1 were significantly (P < 0.01) less than the corresponding night values of control subjects. In the @entity387 @entity1 , at variance from controls, baroreflex sensitivity did not show any increase during sleep compared with its values during wakefulness (6.9+/-1.0 ms/mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide evidence that spontaneous baroceptor reflex sensitivity is depressed in @entity27 . This suggests that in such @entity1 @entity409 and not only chemoreceptor stimulation by @entity519 may be involved in the sympathetic activation which occurs during sleep. Such dysfunction may contribute to the higher rate of @entity65 and mortality reported in these @entity1 .

title: Autonomic cardiac regulation in XXXX : evidence from spontaneous baroreflex analysis during sleep.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases or reductions in systolic blood pressure', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea', 'sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['baroreflex impairment']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['baroreflex dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity', 'increased cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Thyroid implants in the soft tissue of the neck are very rare findings of traumatic, iatrogenic, or neoplastic origins. We describe the clinico-pathological and molecular analysis of three cases with an initial diagnosis of @entity652 , H  rthle cell variant (FA-HCT), which developed cervical thyroid implants at 60, 59, and 36  months after thyroid surgery, followed by further neck recurrences, and, eventually, by distant metastases. A systematic review of all histopathological samples of both the primary lesions and the neck implants was performed. Molecular study included the analysis of pan-RAS and @entity817 mutations and @entity8958 / @entity2750 , @entity8958 / @entity23275 , and @entity15529 /PPARy rearrangements. The review of the original slides and of additional re-cuts of each block of the @entity1374 did not show any sign of capsular and/or @entity1350 ; thus, the original diagnoses of FA-HCT were confirmed. When sampling adequacy was considered, it turned out that the capsule was completely evaluable in case #3, whereas 85  % was evaluable for case #1 and less than 50  % for case #2. We cannot exclude that cases #1 and #2 were @entity189 that had not been completely sampled. The first occurring neck implants showed neither histological signs of @entity5 nor the presence of lymphoid tissue. However, further neck recurrences had different histological aspects, with a clear infiltrative growth. Moreover, a mesenchymal reaction forming a sort of capsule was observed around oncocytic cells along with signs of @entity1350 . Molecular analysis revealed no alterations in the genes and rearrangements studied. Oncocytic thyroid implants in the neck soft tissue should be regarded as @entity3 , even in the absence of clear-cut signs of @entity5 and in the case of a bona fide diagnosis of H  rthle cells @entity259 .

title: H  rthle Cells XXXX with Post-surgical Implants in the Neck: Clinical, Morphological, and Molecular Analysis of Three Cases.

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['follicular adenoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma of the thyroid']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Adenoma of the Thyroid']


abstract: @entity1110 oxidase (Nox) isoforms have been implicated in contributing to @entity2412 , but the functional role of individual isoforms in @entity6 kidney are unclear. @entity8930 , in particular, is highly expressed in phagocytes and may play a key inflammatory role in @entity2316 . To determine the role of @entity8930 , we evaluated kidney function and pathology in wild-type (WT; C57BL/6) and @entity8930 knockout (KO) @entity19 with type 1 @entity6 . @entity6 was induced in male @entity8930 KO and WT @entity19 with a multiple low-dose @entity3839 protocol. Groups were studied for @entity8 after 8 and 20 wk of @entity6 . @entity4854 and body weights were similar in WT and @entity8930 KO @entity6 @entity19 . All functional and structural features of early and later stage @entity2316 ( @entity633 , mesangial matrix, @entity1986 , and gene expression of matrix and transforming growth factor-b) were similar in both @entity6 groups compared with their respective nondiabetic groups, except for reduction of macrophage infiltration and @entity1750 in the @entity6 @entity8930 KO @entity19 . Systolic blood pressure by telemetry was surprisingly increased in @entity8930 KO @entity19 ; however, the systolic blood pressure was reduced in the @entity6 and @entity8930 KO @entity19 by tail-cuff. Interestingly, @entity6 @entity8930 KO @entity19 had marked upregulation of renal @entity14856 at both the glomerular and cortical levels. The present results demonstrate that lack of @entity8930 does not protect against @entity2316 in type 1 @entity6 , despite a reduction in macrophage infiltration. The lack of renoprotection may be due to upregulation of renal @entity14856 .

title: Role of @entity8930 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic WT']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microvascular complications']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic kidney disease']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Although @entity554 X receptor (RXR) and @entity12097 ( @entity12097 ) agonists have antidiabetic effects in hyperinsulinaemic animals, little information exists on their effects after pancreatic beta-cell failure. Thus, we examined if RXR and @entity12097 agonists alter distinct metabolic pathways in animals suffering from @entity73 . METHODS: Adverse side effects and antidiabetic responses were measured in db/db @entity19 treated from 14-16 weeks of age with the RXR agonist, @entity51430 , and/or the @entity12097 agonists, @entity6170 or @entity49963 . RESULTS: In animals treated with @entity51430 or @entity6170 , serum @entity413 , glycohaemoglobin and the @entity65 factor, fibrinogen, decreased to the same extent. Both of these agonists were equally effective at @entity101 in beta cells, although neither agent had an effect on serum insulin concentrations. In contrast, the RXR agonist was less effective than the @entity12097 agonists at lowering serum @entity1674 and non-esterified @entity1718 and increasing interscapular brown fat and body weight. Further, @entity51430 increased serum alkaline phosphatase and liver mass, hepatic fat accumulation, @entity27146 hydroxylase activity, catalase-immunostaining and peroxisomal number more than the @entity12097 agonists. Moreover, co-treatment with the RXR and @entity12097 agonists reduced @entity413 , @entity1674 , non-esterified @entity1718 and @entity165 more than either agent alone. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: These data suggest 1) RXR and @entity12097 agonists decrease islet @entity65 and @entity3085 during later stages of @entity6 , 2) RXR agonists are less effective than @entity12097 agonists at decreasing serum lipids and causing @entity1017 and 3) RXR agonists have a more pronounced effect on liver metabolism (e.g. peroxisome accumulation and @entity382 ) than @entity12097 agonists.

title: The RXR agonist @entity51430 causes @entity382 , improves glycaemic control and decreases @entity65 and XXXX in @entity6 @entity19 suffering from pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity12097 :: ('19016(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma', 'PPARgamma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increasing insulin accumulation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired insulin secretion']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity27146 :: ('MESH:C030358', 'Chemical') :: ['lauric acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk', 'degeneration, cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity3085 :: (MESH:D002100,Disease) :: ['cachexia']


abstract: The presented results are part of a broader study of problems of alcoholism investigated within the research project on "Pathogenesis of @entity1032 ". The paper consists of three parts: immunovirological, psychological, and sociopsychological. Certain signs of disbalance were found in the immune system of 196 alcoholics, as compared with 363 controls, which proved reversible with the improvement of the @entity1 's condition. This may be interpreted as an additional sign of recovery of the somatic condition of the @entity1 . In the psychological part screening questionnaires were adapted and used in 335 inpatients and 116 outpatients. In a pilot study the pesonality characteristics of 30 obtaining alcoholics were compared with those of 37 treated alcoholics. A scale of @entity2003 was elaborated for alcoholics (130 subjects) as compared to controls (70 subjects). The sign of @entity6110 was evaluated for its suitability in discriminating between alcoholics and non-addict drinkers. In the sociological part diagnostic lists were elaborated containing 195 markers reflecting different aspects of the sociopsychological profile of @entity1 at risk and of @entity167 abusers. The investigated subjects came from a factory community.

title: Immunological, psychological and sociological studies in XXXX abusers and long-term abstainers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Major Mental Diseases']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['psychic rigidity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity6110 :: ('MESH:D017029', 'Disease') :: ['psychic rip6dity']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Plasma @entity4208 , @entity21904 ( @entity21904 ), and @entity37644 were quantified in growing Angus bulls (n = 56) to determine their relationship with postweaning growth and carcass ultrasound measurements. In addition, GH response to @entity28856 challenge (area-under-the-curve GH [AUC-GH) was determined for each bull as part of a previous study. Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture at the start of a 140-d postweaning growth performance test and at 28 d intervals for plasma @entity4208 determination by RIA. Plasma @entity45263 content was measured at the start of the study, on d 70, and d 140 by Western ligand blotting. Individual weights and hip heights were measured every 28 d during the study and carcass longissimus muscle area, intramuscular fat percentage, and carcass backfat were estimated by ultrasound on d 140. Greater plasma @entity4208 at the start of the performance test was associated with reduced postweaning @entity7156 and increased longissimus area. Throughout the performance test period, the correlations between plasma @entity4208 and hip height were consistently positive, ranging from 0.10 to 0.38, but the correlations between @entity7156 and @entity4208 varied from -0.32 to 0.31. Age-adjusted d-1 plasma @entity21904 was related to @entity7156 during the performance test, explaining nearly 30% of the variation in @entity7156 . A model combining weaning age, @entity21904 , and AUC-GH showed a strong relationship with @entity7156 (R2 = 0.40). Plasma @entity45263 were not related to carcass characteristics, and @entity37644 was not related to growth rates. This study provides additional evidence for the variable relationship between plasma @entity4208 and growth rates in @entity291 . A significant positive relationship between plasma @entity21904 , AUC-GH, and postweaning @entity7156 warrants further investigation.

title: Predicting growth in angus bulls: the use of XXXX challenge, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins.

answer: @entity28856 :: (281191(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['GHRH']


abstract: Collagenopathies with collagen VI mutations include @entity3986 ( @entity16582 ) and @entity15318 . @entity1 with @entity16582 have generalized @entity425 , @entity1159 of the proximal joints and hyperextensibility of the distal joints. @entity15318 is characterized by the combination of proximal @entity425 and @entity1159 of finger, elbow, and @entity3681 . We found for the first time a deficiency of collagen VI in @entity16582 . Furthermore, we found an abnormality of cell adhesion and abnormal regeneration or maturation in @entity16582 . Mutations in the genes @entity16583 , @entity15029 , @entity15317 are associated with @entity16582 and @entity15318 . @entity15318 is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and @entity16582 usually in an autosomal recessive manner. Recently, de novo dominant mutations are reported in @entity16582 . We evaluated the role of @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) in @entity16582 that has a frameshift mutation with a premature termination codon in the @entity15029 gene causing the loss of collagen VI. The pharmacological block of @entity1547 caused upregulation of the mutant collagen VI and partially functional extracellular matrix formation. Our results suggest that @entity1547 inhibitors can be used as a therapeutic tool to rescue some @entity1 @entity74 exacerbated by @entity1547 .

title: [Collagenopathy ( @entity3986 , XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity15318 :: ('MESH:C535436', 'Disease') :: ['Bethlem myopathy']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['nonsense-mediated mRNA decay', 'NMD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures', 'multiple contractures']

entities_list: @entity16582 :: ('MESH:C537521', 'Disease') :: ["Ullrich's disease"]

answer: @entity15318 :: (MESH:C535436,Disease) :: ['Bethlem myopathy']


abstract: It is recognized now that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which do not have unique 3D structures as a whole or in noticeable parts, constitute a significant fraction of any given proteome. IDPs are characterized by an astonishing structural and functional diversity that defines their ability to be universal regulators of various cellular pathways. @entity204 ( @entity204 ) is one of the most intricate cellular processes where the cell uses specialized cellular machinery and intracellular programs to kill itself. This cell-suicide mechanism enables metazoans to control cell numbers and to eliminate cells that threaten the animal's survival. @entity204 includes several specific modules, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and programmed @entity39 (necroptosis). These modules are not only tightly regulated but also intimately interconnected and are jointly controlled via a complex set of protein-protein interactions. To understand the role of the @entity28142 in controlling and regulating the @entity204 , several large sets of @entity204 -related proteins across 28 species were analyzed using a wide array of modern bioinformatics tools. This study indicates that the @entity28142 phenomenon has to be taken into consideration to generate a complete picture of the interconnected processes, pathways, and modules that determine the essence of the @entity204 . We demonstrate that proteins involved in regulation and execution of @entity204 possess substantial amount of @entity28142 . We annotate functional @entity74 across and within apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis processes. Disordered regions are shown to be implemented in a number of crucial functions, such as protein-protein interactions, interactions with other partners including nucleic acids and other ligands, are enriched in post-translational modification sites, and are characterized by specific evolutionary patterns. We mapped the disorder into an integrated network of @entity204 pathways and into the interactomes of selected proteins that are involved in the @entity876 -mediated apoptotic signaling pathway.

title: Resilience of death: XXXX in proteins involved in the programmed cell death.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity28142 :: ('MESH:D020919', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['roles of disorder']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Programmed cell death']

answer: @entity28142 :: (MESH:D020919,Disease) :: ['intrinsic disorder']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The steady-state intrarenal distribution of ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity1933 (USPIO) particles in the cortex, the outer medulla (OM), and the inner medulla (IM) was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging in the normal @entity95 kidney and in situations that modify the corticopapillary osmotic gradient. METHODS: Experiments were performed on @entity95 kidneys with T2-weighed spin-echo sequence and T2-weighted gradient-recalled-echo sequence. The intravenous dose was 27 mumole/kg of @entity68 in all @entity95 . Three groups were studied: normally hydrated @entity95 (n = 5), after water restriction (n = 5) to increase the osmotic gradient, and after @entity1483 injection (n = 5) to decrease the osmotic gradient. The signal intensity (SI) was quantified by region of interest placed on the cortex, the OM and the IM. RESULTS: In normally hydrated @entity95 , a maximal decrease of the SI after USPIO was noted in the medulla, without significant difference between the OM and the IM on spin-echo sequences. The decrease of the SI was maximal in the IM on gradient-recalled echo sequences. In dehydrated animals, the maximum SI loss was in the OM. The @entity1483 -induced transient enhancement of the IM lasted a few minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The observed SI changes due to the distribution of the USPIO between OM and IM were not based on modifications of the osmotic gradient. The authors suggest that these SI changes were mostly dependent on the vascular density.

title: Evaluation of intrarenal distribution of ultrasmall superparamagnetic XXXX particles by magnetic resonance imaging and modification by @entity1483 and water restriction.

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of intra-arterial (IA) @entity900 boost with hyperfractionated radiation therapy (HFX-RT) in @entity1 with advanced @entity213 ( @entity213 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 with locally advanced primary @entity213 were treated on consecutive phase I/II studies of HFX-RT (receiving a total of 76.8 to 81.6 Gy, given at 1.2 Gy bid) and IA @entity900 (150 mg/m(2) received at the start of and during RT boost treatment). RESULTS: Acute grade 3 to 4 @entity137 were as follows: grade 4 and grade 3 mucosal @entity137 occurred in three (7%) and 31 @entity1 (69%), respectively, and grade 3 hematologic, infectious, and skin events occurred in one @entity1 each. Eight of 24 @entity1 (33%) were unable to receive a second planned dose of IA @entity900 because of general @entity148 (n = 5), @entity390 and/or emesis (n = 2), or asymptomatic occlusion of an external carotid artery (n = 1). Thirty-seven @entity1 (88%) experienced @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ) at primary site. Twenty-nine (85%) of 34 @entity1 presenting with @entity66 experienced @entity1939 . The actuarial 2-year rates of locoregional control and disease-specific and overall survival are 73%, 63%, and 57%, respectively, with a median active follow-up of 30 months. CONCLUSION: In this highly unfavorable subset of @entity1 , these results seem superior to previously reported chemoradiation regimens in more favorable @entity1 . Use of a second dose of IA @entity900 boost was associated with @entity137 without obvious therapeutic gain. This novel strategy allows for an incremental increase in the treatment intensity of the HFX-RT regimen recently established as superior to once-a-day RT.

title: High-dose intra-arterial @entity900 boost with hyperfractionated radiation therapy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'increased toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['complete response', 'CR']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck']


abstract: @entity1 muscle-derived progenitor cells (hMDPCs) offer great promise for muscle cell-based regenerative medicine; however, prolonged ex-vivo expansion using animal sera is necessary to acquire sufficient cells for transplantation. Due to the risks associated with the use of animal sera, the development of a strategy for the ex vivo expansion of hMDPCs is required. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the ex-vivo expansion of hMDPCs. Pre-plated MDPCs, myoendothelial cells, and pericytes are three populations of hMDPCs that we isolated by the modified pre-plate technique and Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS), respectively. Pooled allogeneic @entity1 PRP was obtained from a local blood bank, and the effect that @entity556 -activated PRP-releasate supplemented media had on the ex-vivo expansion of the hMDPCs was tested against @entity4434 supplemented media, both in vitro and in vivo. PRP significantly enhanced short and long-term cell proliferation, with or without @entity4434 supplementation. Antibody-neutralization of PDGF significantly blocked the mitogenic/proliferative effects that PRP had on the hMDPCs. A more stable and sustained expression of markers associated with @entity3308 , and a decreased expression of lineage specific markers was observed in the PRP-expanded cells when compared with the @entity4434 -expanded cells. The in vitro osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic differentiation capacities of the hMDPCs were not altered when expanded in media supplemented with PRP. All populations of hMDPCs that were expanded in PRP supplemented media retained their ability to regenerate myofibers in vivo. Our data demonstrated that PRP promoted the proliferation and maintained the multi-differentiation capacities of the hMDPCs during ex-vivo expansion by maintaining the cells in an undifferentiated state. Moreover, PDGF appears to be a key contributing factor to the beneficial effect that PRP has on the proliferation of hMDPCs.

title: Platelet-rich plasma promotes the proliferation of @entity1 muscle derived progenitor cells and maintains their XXXX .

answer: @entity3308 :: (MESH:D020295,Disease) :: ['stemness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Numerous epidemiologic studies on the prevalence of nasal septum deformities in @entity1 have been performed over the last three decades. As these studies were performed in @entity1 of various age groups and used different classifications of @entity85 (without detailed morphologic systematization), it is no surprise that the results differ greatly from study to study. The purpose of the study was to evaluate clinical data on the total prevalence of nasal septum deformities and @entity85 in @entity1 and adolescents. METHODS: The study population consisted of 1797 randomly selected subjects divided into pre-school (aged 2-6), primary school (aged 7-14), secondary school (aged 15-18) and university (aged 19-22) groups. The native state was determined by means of anterior rhinoscopy without previous application of vasoconstrictive drugs. The observed pathologic @entity85 were classified into seven types according to Mladina's classification. A straight septum was designated as S. The prevalence of septum deformities in the population was calculated with 95% probability. Differences with respect to sex and types of @entity85 were tested by chi(2)-test. RESULTS: The prevalence of nasal septum deformities according to age groups was 28.0% in the 2-6 group, 21.1% in the 7-14 group, 40.6% in the 15--18 group and 41.8% in the 19-22 group. The distribution of the seven types of @entity85 was 51.1, 23.5, 5, 0.8, 10.0, 9.0 and 0.6%, respectively. The mean values (%) and 95% confidence intervals for the seven types of @entity85 were 14.7 (13.1-16.4%), 6.8 (5.6-7.9%), 1.4 (0.9-1.9%), 0.2 (0.0-0.4%), 2.9 (2.1-3.7%), 2.6 (1.9-3.4%) and 0.2 (0.0-0.4%), respectively. Total distribution in gender showed no difference (P = 0.102). CONCLUSIONS: In the youngest age group (2-6 years), types 1 and 2 (deformities of anterior septal segments) were exclusively found, whereas types 5 and 6 were found in older age groups (become visible during and after the puberty). Types 1 and 2 are characteristic @entity85 for small @entity1 . Since, @entity85 can affect the growth and development of the maxilla and vice versa, the authors recommend examination of the nasal septum by an rhinologist who will be a part of a team performing the regular systematic health examination of @entity1 .

title: Nasal septum deformities in XXXX and adolescents: a cross sectional study of @entity1 from Zagreb, Croatia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'septal deformities', 'particular types of deformity', 'septal deformity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to clarify the significance of the balance between cell proliferation and cell loss during the progression of @entity157 , 16 operative specimens of nodule-in-nodule @entity157 were investigated. METHODOLOGY: In 16 specimens, cell proliferation was evaluated by the expression of Ki-67 nuclear antigen, and cell loss was also examined by the method of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expressions of @entity876 protein, @entity588 protein and @entity1197 were also investigated to clarify the relationship between their expression and cell kinetics. RESULTS: The Ki-67 labeling index of the inner nodules was higher than that for the outer nodules (18.9% vs. 7.2%; p < 0.05) and the TUNEL labeling index of the inner nodules was also higher than that for the outer nodules (12.8% vs. 6.6%; p < 0.05). The increasing rate of the Ki-67 labeling index from Edmondson's grade I to II was 3.9 +/- 3.0, that from grade II to III was 3.9 +/- 2.4, while the increasing rate of the TUNEL labeling index from grade I to II was 2.7 +/- 0.3 and that from grade II to III was 1.7 +/- 0.2 (p < 0.05). @entity876 Protein was observed in 5 cases, while @entity588 protein was found in 4 cases in the border area of the inner nodule. However, @entity1197 was found in none of the examined cases. Regarding the Ki-67 positive rate in the inner nodule, the Ki-67 positive rate in the @entity876 protein positive cases was significantly higher than that in the negative cases (30.3 +/- 15.4 vs. 11.9 +/- 9.2; p < 0.05). However, the TUNEL labeling index was not affected by the expression of those proteins. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that @entity5 progression depends on a disturbance in the cell kinetic balance caused not by a decrease in the absolute amount of cell loss but in the chaotic balance between cell loss and cell proliferation.

title: Cell proliferation and cell loss in nodule-in-nodule XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Background. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) to @entity13366 ( @entity13366 ) in a model of @entity19 sensitized to Phleum pratense pollen. Methods. BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized by sub-cutaneous route to pollen protein extract mixed treated for 8 weeks, using sham, EPIT, or @entity13366 . Measurements involved the serological response and cytokine profile from reactivated splenocytes, plethysmography after aerosol challenge to pollen, cell, and cytokine contents in the bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs). Results. After immunotherapy, sIgE was significantly decreased in the treated groups compared to sham (P < 0.001), whereas sIgG2a increased with EPIT and @entity13366 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.005 versus sham). Reactivated splenocytes secreted higher levels of @entity61 cytokines with sham (P < 0.01). Penh values were higher in sham than EPIT and @entity13366 . Eosinophil recruitment in BAL was significantly reduced only by EPIT (P < 0.01). Conclusion. In this model of @entity19 sensitized to pollen, EPIT was at least as efficient as @entity13366 .

title: Epicutaneous Immunotherapy Compared with Sublingual Immunotherapy in XXXX Sensitized to Pollen (Phleum pratense).

entities_list: @entity13366 :: ('MESH:D013362', 'Disease') :: ['SLIT', 'sublingual immunotherapy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent evidence suggests that naturally occurring low @entity165 concentrations (<4.14 mmol/liter) are associated with @entity308 as well as poor psychological health. For the most part, these associations have been observed in @entity1 . The current study assessed the relation of naturally occurring low lipid and lipoprotein concentrations to trait measures of @entity308 and @entity148 in 121 healthy young adult @entity1 . METHODS: Fasting lipid samples were collected at the same time as health history. Trait @entity308 and @entity148 were assessed using the Neuroticism, Extraversion, @entity1314 Inventory (NEO-PI) @entity308 subscale and Spielberger's Trait Personality Inventory (STPI) @entity148 subscale. Analyses were conducted using both univariate and multivariate procedures. RESULTS: NEO @entity308 was inversely associated with total @entity165 (p = .027), @entity1674 (p = .012), and the ratio of total @entity165 to high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (p = .059). Similarly, STPI @entity148 was inversely associated with total @entity165 (p = .002), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (p = .016), @entity1674 (p = .024), and ratio of total @entity165 to high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (p = .075). These associations were significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, physical activity, oral contraceptive use, and hostility. Neither @entity308 nor @entity148 was associated with high-density lipoprotein @entity165 . Univariate analyses indicated that @entity1 with low total @entity165 concentrations (<4.14 mmol/liter), relative to those with moderate to high @entity165 levels, were more likely to have higher scores on the NEO @entity308 subscale (27 of 69 (39%) vs. 10 of 52 (19%)) and STPI @entity148 subscale (24 of 69 (35%) vs. 11 of 52 (21%)). CONCLUSIONS: In healthy young adult @entity1 , low lipid and lipoprotein concentrations are inversely associated with trait measures of @entity308 and @entity148 . These findings are independent of age, body mass index, physical activity, and other factors known to influence lipid concentrations.

title: Relations of trait XXXX and @entity148 to low lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in healthy young adult @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['Openness-Personality']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE To evaluate a group of related Rhodesian Ridgebacks with a family history of @entity944 for the presence of @entity943 and to identify possible patterns of disease inheritance among these @entity235 . DESIGN Prospective case series and pedigree investigation. ANIMALS 25 Rhodesian Ridgebacks with shared bloodlines. PROCEDURES Pedigrees of 4 young @entity235 (1 female and 3 males; age, 7 to 12 months) that died suddenly were evaluated, and owners of closely related @entity235 were asked to participate in the study. @entity235 were evaluated by 24-hour Holter monitoring, standard ECG, echocardiography, or some combination of these to assess cardiac status. Necropsy reports, if available, were reviewed. RESULTS 31 close relatives of the 4 deceased @entity235 were identified. Of 21 @entity235 available for examination, 8 (2 males and 6 females) had @entity1165 (90 to 8,700 ventricular premature complexes [VPCs]/24 h). No @entity235 had clinical signs of @entity299 reported. Echocardiographic or necropsy evaluation for 7 of 12 @entity235 deemed affected (ie, with frequent or complex VPCs or @entity944 ) did not identify structural lesions. Five of 6 screened parents of affected @entity235 had 0 to 5 VPCs/24 h (all singlets), consistent with a normal reading. Pedigree evaluation suggested an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, but autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance could not be ruled out. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Holter monitoring of Rhodesian Ridgebacks with a family history of an @entity943 or @entity944 is recommended for early diagnosis of disease. An autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance in the studied @entity235 was likely, and inbreeding should be strongly discouraged.

title: @entity943 in Rhodesian Ridgebacks with a family history of XXXX and results of a pedigree analysis for potential inheritance patterns.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy and @entity344 of a new enteric coated formulation of @entity1623 (NAP-EC) with standard immediate release @entity1623 (NAP-STD). METHODS: One hundred seventy-nine @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and one hundred seventy-six @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) at high risk for developing GI side effects to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy were enrolled in a double blind, parallel, multicenter study. All @entity1 had either discontinued as NSAID during the previous one year or required cotreatment with antiulcer drugs for control of @entity344 related to NSAID use. The treatments were evenly divided in both diagnostic cohorts. RESULTS: Except for minor differences in @entity167 consumption, baseline characteristics of @entity1 in both treatment groups were statistically similar. Both @entity1623 formulations were highly efficacious by all variables of disease activity when changes were measured from baseline. No statistically significant between formulation difference was found in the primary efficacy variable, overall disease activity. Overall, between formulation differences in efficacy measures were few, though most favored NAP-STD. @entity344 were reduced by 15% (51% NAP-EC vs 60% NAP-STD, p = 0.077) and @entity344 thought to be drug related were reduced by 36% (16% NAP-EC vs 25% NAP-STD, p = 0.024). Withdrawals due to @entity344 were reduced by 37% in the NAP-EC group (12% NAP-EC vs 19% NAP-STD, p = 0.054), and withdrawals due to @entity344 judged to be drug related were reduced by 55% in the NAP-EC group (6% NAP-EC vs 12% NAP-STD, p = 0.025). CONCLUSION: Enteric coated @entity1623 is an effective treatment for @entity571 and @entity309 . All observed differences in GI tolerability favor NAP-EC over NAP-STD.

title: A double blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of enteric coated @entity1623 to @entity1623 in the management of NSAID intolerant @entity1 with @entity309 and XXXX . @entity1623 EC Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability', 'GI complaints']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity9292 affects @entity1 of working age. Symptoms include @entity733 , @entity158 , discharge of pus and blood. Treatment of this benign disease can affect faecal continence, which may, in turn, impair quality of life (QOL). We assessed the QOL of @entity1 with cryptoglandular @entity9292 . METHODS: Newly referred @entity1 with @entity9292 completed the St Mark's Incontinence Score, which ranges from 0 (perfect continence) to 24 (totally incontinent), and Short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire at two institutions with an interest in @entity9292 . The data were examined to identify factors affecting QOL. RESULTS: Data were available for 146 @entity1 (47 @entity1 ), with a median age of 44 years (range 18-82 years) and a median continence score of 0 (range 0-23). Versus population norms, @entity1 had an overall reduction in QOL. While those with recurrent disease had no difference on continence scores, QOL was worse on two of eight SF-36 domains (p<0.05). @entity1 with secondary extensions had reduced QOL in two domains (p<0.05), while urgency was associated with reduced QOL on five domains (p<0.05). @entity1 with loose seton had the same QOL as those without seton. No difference in urgency was found between @entity1 with and without loose seton. In primary @entity292 @entity1 , 19.4% of @entity1 experienced urgency versus 36.3% of those with recurrent @entity292 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity9292 had a reduced QOL, which was worse in those with recurrent disease, secondary extensions and urgency. Loose seton had no impact on QOL.

title: Quality of life with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['Anal fistula', 'anal fistula']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

answer: @entity9292 :: (MESH:D012003,Disease) :: ['anal fistula']


abstract: @entity5380 of the nose is rare, but when it occurs it usually presents with severe @entity1415 . This nasal pathology is mostly seen in adult @entity1 @entity1 . Standard approach to dealing with such haemangiomas is surgical resection. A 30-year-old @entity1 presented to General Physician with history of haemoptysis, haematemesis and @entity425 . She was admitted for investigation of her severe @entity417 . On examination there was no obvious source of @entity548 in the mouth or oropharynx, and Upper GI endoscopy did not reveal any pathology. She was referred to us after a trivial episode of @entity1415 . Anterior and posterior rhinoscopy did not reveal any abnormality. Her extreme @entity148 made indirect laryngoscopy and post-nasal space examination difficult but no obvious abnormality was seen. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy was done, and a small haemangiomatous mass was found in the postero superior part of inferior turbinate. Excision of the mass was done under local anaesthesia and sent for histopathological evaluation. The mass on histopathology came out to be @entity5380 .

title: Intractable @entity417 : a case of XXXX nasal cavernous hemangioma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity5380 :: ('MESH:D020786', 'Disease') :: ['Cavernous haemangioma']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity6963 is a reversible inhibitor of de novo @entity7391 synthesis shown to be effective in a phase 2 trial in 402 @entity1 with active @entity309 ( @entity309 ). OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of @entity6963 treatment with placebo and @entity1499 treatment in @entity1 with active @entity309 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo, and active-controlled 12-month study. SETTING: Forty-seven university and private rheumatology practices in the United States and Canada. @entity1 : Diagnosis of @entity309 by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for duration of 6 months or longer and no previous @entity1499 treatment. INTERVENTION: @entity6963 treatment (20 mg/d), placebo, or @entity1499 treatment (7.5-15 mg/wk). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: American College of Rheumatology success rate (completed 52 weeks of treatment and met the ACR > or = 20% response criteria), disease progression as assessed by x-ray films, and improvement in function and health-related quality of life using the intent-to-treat population. RESULTS: The 482 @entity1 studied were predominantly @entity1 (mean age, 54 years; mean disease duration, 6.7 years) for whom a mean of 0.8 disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs had failed. The ACR response and success rates for @entity1 receiving @entity6963 treatment (52% and 41%, respectively) and @entity1499 treatment (46% and 35%, respectively) were significantly higher than those for @entity1 receiving placebo (26% and 19%, respectively) (P<.001), and they were statistically equivalent, with mean time to initial response at 8.4 weeks for @entity1 receiving @entity6963 vs 9.5 weeks for @entity1 receiving @entity1499 therapy. X-ray analyses demonstrated less disease progression with @entity6963 (P=.001) and @entity1499 (P = .02) therapy than with placebo. @entity6963 and @entity1499 treatment improved measures of physical function and health-related quality of life significantly more than placebo (P<.001 and P<.05, respectively). Common adverse events for @entity1 receiving @entity6963 treatment included @entity344 , @entity1910 , and reversible @entity1665 . Asymptomatic transaminase elevations resulted in treatment discontinuations for 7.1% of @entity1 receiving @entity6963 therapy, 1.7% of @entity1 receiving placebo, and 3.3% of @entity1 receiving @entity1499 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical responses following administration of @entity6963 , a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity309 , were statistically superior to those with placebo and equivalent to those with @entity1499 treatment. Both active treatments improved signs and symptoms of active @entity309 , delayed disease progression as demonstrated by x-ray films, and improved function and health-related quality of life.

title: Treatment of active @entity309 with @entity6963 compared with placebo and @entity1499 . XXXX @entity309 Investigators Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide', 'Leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity6963 :: (MESH:C045463,Chemical) :: ['Leflunomide']


abstract: Currently, it is routine practice to carry out axillary lymph node dissection at the time of surgical removal of a malignant primary @entity0 . As @entity0 is being diagnosed at an earlier stage in a growing percentage of cases, this procedure is proving unnecessary in a proportion of @entity1 . Axillary lymph node dissection carries a risk of side effects and ideally we should identify the @entity1 who actually require the procedure. The concept of the sentinel node is not new and was developed over twenty years ago. The technique of lymphoscintography was initially used to identify the sentinel node/s in @entity1 with @entity320 . A proposed alternative management strategy to routine axillary lymph node dissection in @entity1 with @entity0 is sentinel lymph node localization using lymphoscintography and biopsy of the identified sentinel node. The aim being to accurately predict the disease status of the axilla and consequently determine whether axillary lymph node dissection is indicated. The technique is currently undergoing a multi-centre trial in the UK. During my elective at St Luke's Cancer Centre, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford I was fortunate to observe this procedure being tested, with @entity1 undergoing both lymphoscintography and sentinel node biopsy as well as axillary lymph node dissection. The results seen during my stay were extremely encouraging.

title: Sentinel node localization and biopsy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumour', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity5 in the thoracopulmonary region is a @entity5 of neuroectodermic origins with polymorphous and infrequent presentation. It is mostly found among young @entity1 , developing an @entity146 and severe course. It is a small cell @entity5 involving small quantities of cytoplasm without glucogen, round or oval nucleus with disperse chromatin, and little prominent nucleolus without tendency of manifesting pseudo red spots, being PAS negative. Two cases which initially resembled @entity281 are presented. Case 1: Sixteen year old male. Presented with a high fever, @entity158 , and a cough with little expectoration. He was diagnosed with severe @entity358 and parapneumonic right pleural discharge. His condition improved with antibiotic treatment, but the cough persisted. Thoracoabdominal echography showed right pleural discharge and possible @entity99 . Surgical intervention was performed. @entity11564 was detected by biopsy. He began treatment with chemotherapy. Case 2: Thirty-four year old @entity1 . Presented with non-productive cough, @entity158 , and high fever. In the thoracic TAC, there was right pleural discharge along with images suggesting hypodense mass. Given the @entity1 's lack of response to antibiotics, a thoracotomy was performed. The anatomopathological diagnosis was @entity5 . After beginning treatment, the @entity1 died after ten days.

title: [Infrequent clinical presentation of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', "Atkin's tumor", 'Malign small cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity11564 :: ('MESH:C563168', 'Disease') :: ["Askin's tumor"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritic thoracic pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic mass']

answer: @entity11564 :: (MESH:C563168,Disease) :: ['Askin's tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether the consumption of @entity5834 during pregnancy increases the risk of @entity2208 is controversial. Prior studies have determined @entity5834 consumption by questionnaire. We used a biologic marker, such as serum @entity8223 , a metabolite of @entity5834 , to measure the dose of @entity5834 . METHODS: In a nested case-control study, we measured serum @entity8223 in 591 @entity1 who had spontaneous @entity5852 at less than 140 days' gestation and in 2558 matched @entity1 from the same clinic who gave birth to live @entity1 at 28 weeks' gestation or later and who had serum drawn on the same day of gestation as the @entity1 who had @entity5852 . The @entity1 were enrolled in the Collaborative Perinatal Project during the period from 1959 to 1966, and serum @entity8223 was measured over 30 years later. RESULTS: A total of 487 @entity1 who had spontaneous @entity5852 (82 percent) and 2087 controls (82 percent) had quantifiable serum @entity8223 concentrations. However, the mean serum @entity8223 concentration was higher in the @entity1 who had spontaneous @entity5852 than in the controls (752 vs. 583 ng per milliliter, P<0.001). The odds ratio for @entity2208 was not significantly elevated in the @entity1 who had serum @entity8223 concentrations of 1845 ng per milliliter or lower, corresponding to the 95th percentile of the matched @entity1 . However, the adjusted odds ratio for @entity2208 among women with serum @entity8223 concentrations higher than 1845 ng per milliliter, as compared with @entity1 who had concentrations below 50 ng per milliliter, was 1.9 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.8). CONCLUSIONS: Only extremely high serum @entity8223 concentrations are associated with @entity2208 . This suggests that moderate consumption of @entity5834 is unlikely to increase the risk of @entity2208 .

title: Maternal serum @entity8223 , a @entity5834 metabolite, and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortions']

entities_list: @entity8223 :: ('MESH:C021183', 'Chemical') :: ['paraxanthine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['spontaneous abortion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of combined hormone replacement therapy on the impedances of the uterine, central retinal, and ophthalmic arteries in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective controlled study we randomly assigned 30 healthy postmenopausal @entity1 (mean age, 52 +/- 3 years) to 2 groups. @entity1 in the hormone replacement therapy group (n = 15) received 1 mg micronized @entity53 daily sequentially combined with 5 or 10 mg @entity21909 for 14 days of each 28-day cycle during 12 months and 2 mg @entity53 combined with 10 mg @entity21909 thereafter for a period of 3 months. The control group (n = 15) received no treatment. Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure the impedance to flow (pulsatility index) within the uterine, central retinal, and ophthalmic arteries in the @entity53 phase at baseline and after 3, 12, and 15 months. RESULTS: With respect to values in the control group, 12 months of hormone replacement therapy was associated with a significantly lower (by 39%) mean pulsatility index of the uterine artery (decrease from baseline of 25% in hormone replacement therapy group and increase of 14% in control group) and a significantly lower (by 29%) mean pulsatility index of the central retinal artery (decrease of 9% in hormone replacement therapy group and increase of 20% in control group). After 3 months this effect was already evident. During hormone replacement therapy the reductions in mean pulsatility index values of the uterine and central retinal arteries with respect to baseline were larger (both P =.002) in the @entity1 with high pretreatment pulsatility index values than in those with low pretreatment values. The baseline pulsatility index of the uterine artery correlated positively with age and with duration of @entity2588 (r = 0.42, P =. 01; r = 0.48, P =.008; respectively). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that 12 months of sequentially combined hormone replacement therapy with a low dose of @entity53 (1 mg) lowers arterial impedance in specific vascular territories. These data may help in understanding the effects of hormone replacement therapy on the cerebral circulation.

title: Sequentially combined hormone replacement therapy reduces impedance to flow within the uterine and central retinal arteries in healthy postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity21909 :: ('MESH:D004394', 'Chemical') :: ['dydrogesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol', 'estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: A follow-up assessment of the visual system in @entity1 who had undergone @entity6075 and in whom simple atrophy of the optic nerve occurred several months after the @entity130 . @entity1 : Among @entity1 treated in Department of Ophthalmology in Bia  ystok in the years 1984-1995 there were 2 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 , aged 19-61 years, who suffered from advancing simple atrophy of the optic nerve and who had undergone severe closed @entity542 3-5 months earlier. In one case the time interval between @entity130 and the @entity227 amounted to 11 years. METHODS: The @entity1 underwent a follow-up examination at 3 to 11 years after their initial treatment in the Department of Ophthalmology. Besides a conventional ophthalmologic examination, a static perimetry was performed as well as ultrasonography in projection B and Colour-Coded Doppler sonography (TCCD) of the orbital vessels. RESULTS: When compared to the findings at discharge, in 2 @entity1 visual acuity improved to 5/12, in the remaining 3 no improvement was noted. In all @entity1 the optic discs were white, while other structures of the globe appeared within normal limits. Blood flow in the central retinal artery, ophthalmic artery and in the long posterior cilliary arteries remained undisturbed, as assessed with TCCD. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Lack of @entity227 immediately after @entity542 does not preclude their development in the protracted period after the @entity130 . 2. The reason of the late development of @entity227 after @entity542 is not clear. Normal flow, found in the major vessels of the globe, might indirectly suggest disturbances of microcirculation within the optic nerve with a consequent @entity1952 .

title: [Late manifestations of the optic nerve damage after closed XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual sequelae', 'visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['close head injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sensitivity to the motor-impairing and hypnotic effects of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) increases notably during development. Less is known, however, about the ontogeny of @entity167 tolerance and the ontogenetic relationship among different types of tolerance. Consequently, we compared the ontogenetic development of acute, rapid, and chronic tolerance to @entity167 -induced @entity73 and @entity2332 in a swim task. METHODS: Preweanling, adolescent, and adult female and male @entity35 were given chronic saline (control group), five daily @entity167 exposures before @entity167 on test day (chronic group), one @entity167 exposure before test day (rapid group), or @entity167 exposure only on test day (acute groups). Separate groups of animals in the acute groups were tested at 15, 60, or 105 min after injection to estimate acute tolerance development via calculating slopes of the linear regression of impairment relative to brain @entity167 levels at each postinjection interval. Initial @entity167 perturbation of swim performance was equated across age by varying @entity167 dose. RESULTS: Acute tolerance was evident to the motor-impairing effects of @entity167 at all ages. When impairment was indexed relative to brain @entity167 levels, rapid and chronic tolerance to the motor-impairing effects of @entity167 on latency to reach the start was seen across age, although this tolerance tended to be more pronounced in adults. Somewhat different ontogenetic patterns of tolerance development were observed with @entity167 -induced @entity2332 , a dependent measure for which @entity167 perturbation was not equated across age. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of initial perturbation by @entity167 seems to be an important predictor of tolerance expression during ontogeny. That is, ontogenetic profiles of tolerance development differ significantly when @entity167 -induced @entity73 is equated across age rather than dose of @entity167 administered. The role of target response measures and context stress should also be considered when exploring ontogenetic expression of @entity167 tolerance.

title: Acute, rapid, and chronic tolerance during ontogeny: observations when equating XXXX perturbation across age.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'EtOH']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine whether severity of @entity302 , motor functioning, and @entity302 -related restrictions change in @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 who are ineligible for @entity302 surgery. The study was a prospective, longitudinal, 2-year follow-up of 28 @entity1 (14 females, 14 males). Their median age was 6 years 1 month (range 7mo-15y 4mo). @entity410 types were: complex partial @entity410 (n=16), secondary generalized @entity410 (n=7), simple partial @entity410 (n=2), and mixed @entity410 (n=3). Severity of @entity410 , @entity73 , motor development, activities of daily life, and @entity302 -related restrictions were rated at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months thereafter. @entity410 severity did not change significantly, nor did muscle strength, range of motion, or muscle tone. Motor retardation was ubiquitous but did not increase in 20 @entity1 without @entity508 . Motor function of eight @entity1 with @entity508 improved (Gross Motor Function Measure: baseline 70.5 [SD 35.5]; 24 months later 81.6 [SD 29.6], p < 0.05) but remained below reference values in four @entity1 . In the entire group, functional skills increased and caregiver assistance lessened. Restrictions did not change significantly. We conclude that during a 2-year follow-up period, in @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 who do not have surgical intervention, @entity410 severity does not deteriorate, @entity73 do not increase, motor development does not deflect negatively, and activities of daily living and restrictions do not worsen.

title: No deterioration in @entity302 and motor function in XXXX with medically intractable @entity302 ineligible for surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairments']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perioperative use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with risk of @entity834 ( @entity834 ). However, concomitant use of other drugs could infer a bias in risk assessment. Thus, we aimed to interrogate the risk of @entity834 associated with NSAIDs and @entity230 used perioperatively. METHODS: This study includes a consecutive series of patients having surgery involving an intestinal anastomosis from Jan 2007 to Dec 2009. Data records included demographic, perioperative, and surgical characteristics; @entity834 rates; and use of NSAIDs and @entity230 . Risk of leak were estimated using unadjusted and multivariable (propensity score)-adjusted logistic regression models and reported as odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS: A total of 376 patients underwent 428 operations of which 67 (15.7  %) had @entity834 . With no medication receivers as reference, the OR for leak when adjusted for age, sex, and propensity score was 1.07 (p  =  0.92) for @entity6058 , 1.63 (p  =  0.31) for @entity3522 and 0.41 (p  =  0.19) for @entity619 . Risk was increased for @entity5 (OR 1.88, p  =  0.023), use of a vasopressor ( @entity16545 , p  =  0.007), blood transfusions ( @entity43239 , p  =  0.026), and regular use of @entity230 (OR 7.57, p  =  0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Other factors than perioperative drugs are crucial for risk of @entity834 . Perioperative @entity619 was associated with a nonsignificant reduced risk of @entity834 .

title: Effect of Perioperative XXXX and Different NSAIDs on Anastomotic Leak Risk: A Propensity Score Analysis.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several molecules involved in @entity5 biology have been studied as potential prognostic markers. Recently, overexpression of cyclin E and its low-molecular-weight (LMW) isoforms has been reported to be the most prominent prognostic marker in @entity0 , surpassing proliferation index, ploidy, and axillary nodal involvement. Furthermore, cyclin E and @entity876 are considered the main factors controlling the euploid equilibrium in @entity1 cells. We investigated the status of cyclin E and @entity876 in cell lines and tissue samples of @entity14 , one of the leading causes of @entity204 from a @entity5 in the Western world. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We analyzed @entity14 cells, from established cell lines and @entity1 specimens, to determine the protein levels of cyclin E and @entity876 , and to detect @entity876 and @entity1412 mutations, microsatellite and chromosome instability. In addition, we assessed the presence of cyclin E LMW isoforms and their enzymatic activity. RESULTS: @entity14 cells expressed hyperactive LMW forms both in vitro and in vivo. These @entity5 -specific isoforms are correlated to genomic instability even in @entity876 -proficient cells, and represented a constant feature in the @entity5 analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity14 , the formation of cyclin E LMW forms is an early event leading to DNA-damage checkpoint-independent proliferation. Collectively, our results provide evidence that evaluation of LMW forms could represent a novel tool in the molecular characterization of @entity14 aimed at identifying sensitive prognostic factors and uncovering subsets of high-risk @entity1 within the traditional categories.

title: Tumor-specific hyperactive low-molecular-weight cyclin E isoforms detection and characterization in non-metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal tumors', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors']


abstract: The Southwest Oncology Group entered 62 @entity1 with Stage IV or inoperable Stage III (one @entity1 ) @entity320 into SWOG protocol 8804 and treated them with @entity900 100 mg/m2 and @entity2699 750 mg/m2 i.v. infusion over 15-30 minutes. There were 18 @entity1 with brain @entity3 and four ocular primaries. Five @entity1 , all without bain @entity3 , were ineligible. Responses of 8 @entity1 could not be determined, and 11 @entity1 received only one course of treatment. Of the eligible @entity1 , 46 (81%) had some hematologic @entity137 , with 31 of these (67%) having grade III or worse. There were 23 @entity1 (40%) with renal @entity137 . The miscellaneous @entity137 were @entity425 , @entity1109 , and @entity1295 . Five @entity1 died while on treatment. There were no complete responses. Eight @entity1 had partial responses ranging from 1.5 to 10.5 months, although two @entity1 were still alive at 30.4 and 30.9 months. The estimated response rate for @entity1 with brain @entity3 was 11%. The estimated response rate for @entity1 without brain @entity3 was 13%. If one unconfirmed partial response is included, the overall response rate is 14% with a 95% confidence interval of 6% to 26%. It is concluded that @entity2699 and @entity900 have definite activity in @entity320 , but, at least in this population, the @entity137 is treatment-limiting and requires close attention to @entity1 care.

title: Evaluation of @entity900 and @entity2699 in inoperable stage III and IV XXXX . A Southwest Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['flu-like symptoms']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']