abstract: The importance of carotid plaque morphology in the prognosis of @entity2479 was investigated in a group of 165 @entity1 followed for 2-7 years (mean 3.3 years). All @entity1 had an initial carotid duplex ultrasound examination, with the results expressed in terms of the degree of @entity850 caused by the lesion, and the lesion morphology. Lesions were divided into two groups, (a) combined homogeneous and simple heterogeneous structures, and (b) complex heterogeneous plaques. Complex heterogeneous plaques had a low echo pool within the lesion and/or an irregular surface pattern. A total of 144 (87%) @entity1 were successfully followed, and of these 37 (26%) had cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, or retinal ischaemic events in the follow up period; 14 (10%) @entity64 (eight fatal), 17 (12%) @entity583 (10 fatal), two episodes of @entity227 caused by a @entity2479 were recorded. There was no report of subsequent @entity1939 . The percentage @entity850 caused by the carotid lesions, although more severe in the vascular event group, was not significantly different between the groups. However, a significant difference (p < 0.1) was found in the morphological characteristics of the carotid lesions between the groups. @entity1 who suffered a vascular event in the follow up period had significantly more complex heterogeneous lesions compared with simple heterogeneous/homogeneous lesions, than those @entity1 who remained alive and well. Carotid endarterectomy and antiplatelet therapy were equally distributed between the event and non-event groups. This suggests that the criteria for selection for treatment should be based on the lesion morphology as well as the degree of @entity850 .

title: Prognostic value of carotid ultrasound lesion morphology in XXXX : result of a long term follow up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['amaurosis fugax, and one of tunnel vision']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal embolus', 'retinal ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ischaemia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational study reporting the correlation between matrix metalloprotein serum levels and remission after traumatic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). OBJECTIVES: To investigate serum cytokine levels as predictive markers. SETTING: Germany, Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz). METHODS: Between 2010 and 2015, data sets from 115 @entity1 (33 female, 82 male) after traumatic @entity1566 were recorded at the BG @entity130 Centre Ludwigshafen. We examined the serum levels of Matix metallopraoteinases (MMPs) @entity1476 , @entity5952 , @entity1495 , @entity12791 and @entity10885 over a 12-week period, that is, at admission and 4, 9, 12   h, 1 and 3 days and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after @entity130 . Following the same match-pair procedure as in our previous studies, we selected 10 @entity1 with @entity1566 and @entity16 (Group 1) and 10 @entity1 with an initial American @entity3510 Association (ASIA) A grade and no @entity16 (Group 0). Ten @entity1 with an isolated @entity174 without @entity51 served as a control group (Group C). Our analysis was performed using a Luminex Performance @entity1 High Sensitivity Cytokine Panel. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the predictive value of MMPs with respect to @entity16 vs no @entity16 . RESULTS: @entity5952 and @entity1495 provided significantly different values. The favoured predictive model allows to differentiate between @entity16 and no @entity16 in 97% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that further studies with an enlarged collective are warranted in order to investigate current monitoring, prognostic and tracking techniques as well as scoring systems.Spinal Cord advance online publication, 5 July 2016; doi:10.1038/sc.2016.104.

title: Exploratory study to suggest the possibility of @entity5952 and @entity1495 serum levels as early markers for remission after traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological remission']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The @entity723 and @entity2533 type II receptors are members of a separate subfamily of transmembrane receptors with intrinsic protein kinase activity, which also includes the recently cloned @entity7382 . We have isolated and characterized a cDNA clone (C14) encoding a new member of this subfamily. The domain structure of the C14-encoded protein corresponds with the structure of the other known transmembrane @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase receptors. It also contains the two inserts in the kinase domain that are characteristic for this subfamily. Using in situ hybridization, C14 mRNA was detected in the mesenchymal cells located adjacent to the m  llerian ducts of males and females at day 15 (E15) of embryonic development. Marked C14 mRNA expression was also detected in the female gonads. In female E16 embryos, the C14 mRNA expression pattern remained similar to that in E15 embryos. However, in male E16 embryos C14 mRNA was detected in a circular area that includes the degenerating m  llerian duct. The expression of C14 mRNA was also studied using RNase protection assays. At E15 and E16, C14 mRNA is expressed in the female as well as in the male urogenital ridge. However, at E19, a high C14 mRNA level in the female urogenital ridge contrasts with a lack of C14 mRNA in the male urogenital ridge. This correlates with the almost complete degeneration of the m  llerian ducts in male embryos at E19. C14 mRNA expression was also detected in embryonic testes at E15, E16 and E19 using RNase protection assays, but at much lower levels than those found in the developing ovaries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A novel member of the transmembrane @entity563 / XXXX kinase receptor family is specifically expressed in the gonads and in mesenchymal cells adjacent to the m  llerian duct.

entities_list: @entity7382 :: ('7046', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta type I receptor']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity1889 :: (CHEBI:26986,Chemical) :: ['threonine']


abstract: This paper presents an investigation of the phase diagram of @entity16594 ( @entity291 pancreatic trypsin inhibitor)/350 mM KSCN at pH 4.9 by direct observation and numerical simulations. We report optical microscopy and light and X-ray scattering experiments coupled with theoretical data analysis using numerical tools. The phase diagram is thoroughly determined, as a function of temperature. Two polymorphs are observed by video microscopy and their solubility measured. In this phase diagram, the @entity1172 ( @entity1172 ) is metastable with respect to the solid-liquid phase separation. Above the T(L-L) boundary curve, solutions are composed of a mixture of @entity16594 monomers and decamers. Attractive interactions are stronger between decamers than between monomers. Below the T(L-L) boundary curve, the dense phase is highly concentrated in protein and composed of @entity16594 decamers alone. Thus, the driving force for liquid-liquid or liquid-solid phase separation is the attraction between decamers at low pH. The structure factors of the dense phases are characteristic of repulsive dense phases because of a hard sphere repulsion core, meaning that in the dense phase proteins are actually in contact (interparticle distance of 53 A). In agreement with the Oswald rule of stages, @entity1172 occurs prior to and impedes the solid nucleation.

title: Exploring XXXX pancreatic trypsin inhibitor phase transitions.

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['LLPS', 'liquid-liquid phase separation']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: To characterize pediatric @entity130 care, state @entity130 registry data from all designated @entity130 centers in Pennsylvania were divided into three categories, that from: (1) pediatric centers, (2) urban nonpediatric centers, (3) and rural nonpediatric centers. From October 1, 1986 through September 30, 1989 (3 years), 4,615 @entity1 less than 15 years old were admitted to 28 @entity130 centers in Pennsylvania. Nonpediatric centers cared for the majority of @entity1 (2,734, 59.2%), but the average number of @entity1 treated per nonpediatric institution (105.1 per year) was far fewer than the average treated in the pediatric centers (940.5). Pediatric @entity130 centers in the state treated a younger population (6.4 +/- 4.2 years, mean +/- SD) compared with urban and rural nonpediatric centers (8.4 +/- 4.2 and 8.1 +/- 4.3 years, respectively; P less than .05). Pediatric centers received proportionately more @entity1 by transfer (56.2%), victims of falls (34.6%), @entity130 (16.8%), and head and @entity9389 (41.8%, all P less than .05). Nonpediatric centers received @entity1 directly from the scene of injury more frequently than transferred from other hospitals. The male:female sex ratio in urban nonpediatric centers was significantly higher (70.1%, P less than .05) than in the other two groups. Rural nonpediatric centers cared for a higher proportion of motor vehicle passengers (28.5%) and @entity1 classified as "other" in the state registry, a category to which bicycle injuries are assigned (28.2%, P less than .05). Mortality was highest in rural nonpediatric centers (6.2%). The death rate in pediatric centers and urban nonpediatric centers were similar (4.1%) and significantly lower (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differences in @entity130 care among pediatric and nonpediatric XXXX centers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pedestrian injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity9389 :: ('MESH:D019838', 'Disease') :: ['neck injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with @entity3557 (PTC and @entity6888 , respectively) risk, but few have replicated. After analyzing 17525 tag SNPs in 1129 candidate genes, we found associations with PTC risk in @entity10854 , @entity18957 , @entity48227 (near @entity48228 ) and other genes. Here, we report results from a replication effort in a large independent PTC/ @entity6888 case-control study conducted in Germany. We evaluated the best tagging SNPs from our previous PTC study and additionally included SNPs in or near @entity48228 and @entity7457 genes, known susceptibility loci for @entity259 . We genotyped 422 PTC and 130 @entity6888 cases and 752 controls recruited from three German clinical centers. We used polytomous logistic regression to simultaneously estimate PTC and @entity6888 associations for 79 SNPs based on log-additive models. We assessed effect modification by body mass index (BMI), gender and age for all SNPs, and selected SNP by @entity4982 interactions. We confirmed associations with PTC and SNPs in @entity48228 / @entity48227 , @entity10854 ( @entity48229 ), @entity18957 ( @entity48230 ), @entity9710 ( @entity48231 ), @entity26241 ( @entity48232 ) and @entity22579 ( @entity48233 ) genes. We found associations with SNPs in @entity48228 , @entity10854 , @entity18957 , @entity26241 and @entity6643 and @entity6888 . We found two significant interactions between @entity18957 ( @entity48230 ) and BMI (P = 0.0321) and between @entity26241 ( @entity48232 ) and @entity48228 ( @entity48234 ) (P = 0.0006). Besides the known associations with @entity48228 SNPs, we confirmed additional PTC SNP associations reported previously. We also found several new associations with @entity6888 risk and noteworthy interactions. We conclude that multiple variants and host factors might interact in complex ways to increase risk of PTC and @entity6888 .

title: Selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms in @entity48228 , XXXX , @entity18957 , @entity9710 , @entity26241 and @entity22579 are associated with @entity3557 risk: replication study in a German population.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary and follicular thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity10854 :: (5104,Gene) :: ['SERPINA5']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: ' @entity79 ' or @entity2402 is a very rare form of primary @entity2402 with only around 200 cases being reported till date. We present in this case report a ten year follow-up of a @entity1 who had progressive @entity3061 of the right shoulder girdle and eventually involved the spine inspite of supplementary @entity460 and @entity5520 therapy. We also report the utility of using an intra-medullary device is to attain acceptable union in case of pathological long bone @entity174 in @entity2402 . CASE: A four year old @entity1 presented to us with a spontaneous @entity3061 of the right scapula ten years ago in 2003. Within two years, the @entity3061 progressed to the entire scapula, clavicle and he had a @entity174 . The @entity1 was treated conservatively, oral @entity460 and @entity5520 therapy was initiated after ruling out any @entity2331 . The @entity1 again sustained a pathological @entity174 humerus five years later, which was treated with open reduction and internal fixation with an intra-medullary K wire. The @entity174 united without any other supplementary treatment but @entity3061 continued to progressively involve the entire scapula, proximal humerus, clavicle, upper two ribs and the cervical spine. CONCLUSION: @entity2402 is a rare disease with an unpredictable course without any satisfactory treatment. There is still a role for surgical intervention to treat long bone pathological @entity174 secondary to @entity2402 with an intra-medullary device. The @entity174 unite without any other supplementary radio or chemotherapy.

title: A Rare Case of Progressive XXXX of Right Shoulder Girdle and Cervical Spine in A @entity1 : 10 Year Follow-up and A Review of Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic osteolysis', "Gorham's disease"]

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'clavicular fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Vanishing Bone Disease']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic bone disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2402 :: (MESH:D010015,Disease) :: ['Gorham's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic @entity101 is a rare but important cause of neonatal @entity712 . It is critical that this etiology be recognized and distinguished from other causes of @entity296 in young @entity1 , because diagnostic studies, treatments, and prognoses are quite different. METHODS: Between 1991 and 2005, 11 neonates were diagnosed as @entity296 and systemic @entity101 through retrospective review of the @entity1 's Hospital of Wisconsin database. RESULTS: All @entity1 in the cohort were found to have systemic @entity101 (blood pressure of > 95th percentile for gestational age and weight). Causes included @entity455 (n = 9), @entity2333 secondary to @entity715 (n = 1), and @entity134 use (n = 1). Echocardiography was performed at presentation for all @entity1 because of @entity1283 and/or @entity101 . Echocardiographic findings were consistently striking for (1) @entity1002 without chamber dilation, (2) @entity4346 , (3) left @entity384 , and (4) aortomegaly. No anatomic aortic arch obstruction was identified, but Doppler findings for the descending thoracic aorta were uniformly consistent with elevated systemic vascular resistance. One @entity1 died as a result of overwhelming @entity715 ; all other @entity1 responded to afterload reduction therapy with normalization of left ventricular systolic function during infancy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity101 can present in neonates with nonspecific symptoms and systemic @entity101 . Because sometimes @entity101 in @entity1 is ignored or misinterpreted as agitation, echocardiography can provide critical markers of the disease.

title: Presentation and echocardiographic markers of neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction', 'having neonatal cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive cardiomyopathy', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dilation']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['concentric left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombotic disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Polydipsic @entity19 /N, which show extreme @entity4683 and @entity2011 , were discovered in 1958. In the STR/N, urine outputs are much higher than in control @entity19 . The possibility of an abnormal regulation of the @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) system, or an abnormality in the renal susceptibility to @entity1831 , should be considered. In this study we investigated the @entity1831 system and water regulation in STR/N. We sequenced the @entity1831 and the @entity1831 V(2)-receptor genes of the STR/N by direct sequencing. No mutation was found in either of them. @entity1831 gene expression examined by in situ hybridization and plasma @entity1372 in 8-wk-old STR/N was significantly lower than in control @entity19 , whereas it was significantly higher at 20 wk. Renal sensitivity to injected @entity1831 was attenuated in 20-wk-old STR/N. The suppression of @entity1831 synthesis due to excessive water retention in 8-wk-old STR/N suggests that @entity4683 may be the primary cause in this strain. The 20-wk-old STR/N became dehydrated with the acceleration of @entity1831 synthesis, which might have resulted from secondary desensitization to @entity1831 .

title: Analysis of the vasopressin system and water regulation in genetically polydipsic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Papanicolaou (Pap) staining is used with various modifications for the staining of cervical smears. It gives a good contrast with sharp nuclear features which aid in accurate interpretation. However, it utilises @entity1068 , which is expensive and difficult to purchase. We have attempted to devise a rapid Pap technique which uses @entity1543 instead of @entity1068 , and yet provides good staining for correct diagnosis. METHODS: Liquid-based cytology samples were collected from 102 @entity1 as a part of routine screening. Two smears were prepared from each sample, which were stained with conventional as well as rapid Pap. In the rapid Pap method, the smears were fixed in @entity1042 and dehydration was performed before and after OG6 with 0.5% @entity1543 . The final dehydration was performed with @entity1042 . Smears from both techniques were compared by two independent observers for staining quality. RESULTS: With the rapid Pap stain, nuclear staining was comparable with that of conventional Pap (P < 0.05). Cytoplasmic staining was optimal in 69.6% of cases; however, the suboptimal staining in the rest of the smears did not pose any diagnostic problem. CONCLUSION: The rapid Pap technique is a cost-effective alternative to conventional Pap which also saves time and provides good staining quality without compromising the diagnostic interpretation.

title: Efficacy of modified rapid economic XXXX -based Papanicolaou stain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: 1. The responses of periphery (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS) towards @entity128 are different: while injured @entity1 periphery nerons can successfully undergo regeneration, axons in the central nervous system are usually not able to regenerate. 2. In the present study, the genes which were differentially expressed in the PNS and CNS following @entity128 were identified and compared by microarray profiling techniques. 3. Sciatic nerve crush and hemisection of the spinal cord of adult @entity19 were used as the models for @entity128 in PNS and CNS respectivey. 4. It was found that of all the genes examined, 14% (80/588) showed changes in expression following either PNS or @entity149 , and only 3% (18/588) showed changes in both types of @entity130 . 5. Among all the differentially expressed genes, only 8% (6/80) exhibited similar changes in gene expression (either up- or down-regulation) following @entity4215 . 6. Our results indicated that microarray expression profiling is an efficient and useful method to identify genes that are involved in the regeneration process following nerve @entity130 , and several genes which are differentially expressed in the PNS and/or CNS following nerve @entity130 were identified in the present study.

title: Analysis of gene expression following sciatic nerve crush and spinal cord hemisection in the XXXX by microarray expression profiling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity4215 :: ('MESH:D020196', 'Disease') :: ['injury in both PNS and CNS nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS injury']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIM: To report ocular symptoms, funduscopic findings and demographic distribution of @entity17577 in Iran METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 40 @entity1 with @entity17577 (24 female, 16 male) were enrolled. The distribution of symptoms and funduscopic findings were studied. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' age was in the range of 13-52 with the most common age of 19 years old. Twenty-four @entity1 were female (60.0%). The most common presenting sign was @entity227 . There was anterior chamber (AC) @entity32 in 23 @entity1 (57.5%). Vitritis was presented in 36 @entity1 (90.0%). In 35 @entity1 (87.5%), the @entity989 was central. In @entity1 with @entity1897 , 3 @entity1 (60.0%) had @entity11170 vs 12.5% chance of @entity11170 in all @entity1 . Older @entity1 had larger lesion (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: @entity17577 substantially varies among @entity1 with different age, gender, status of immunity, site of lesion and other undetermined factors. One of ocular symptoms, @entity11170 , may necessitate a more precise peripheral fundus examination.

title: XXXX in Iran: 40 cases analysis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity17577 :: ('MESH:D014126', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular toxoplasmosis', 'ocular toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lesion']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal lesion']

answer: @entity17577 :: (MESH:D014126,Disease) :: ['Ocular toxoplasmosis']


abstract: Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 ( @entity38270 ) in @entity535 -starved cells of the @entity375 @entity375 reduces general protein synthesis but specifically stimulates translation of @entity8422 mRNA. This regulatory mechanism is dependent on the nonessential @entity18051 protein and multiple essential proteins encoded by GCD genes. Previous genetic and biochemical experiments led to the conclusion that @entity18052 , @entity46221 , and @entity18051 are components of the GCD complex, recently shown to be the @entity375 equivalent of the @entity1 @entity6370 exchange factor for @entity38270 , known as @entity26980 . In this report, we identify new constituents of the GCD- @entity26980 complex and probe interactions between its different subunits. Biochemical evidence is presented that @entity18051 is an integral component of the GCD- @entity26980 complex that, while dispensable, can be mutationally altered to have a substantial inhibitory effect on general translation initiation. The @entity535 sequence changes for three @entity46221 mutations have been determined, and we describe several examples of mutual suppression involving the @entity46221 mutations and particular alleles of @entity18051 . These allele-specific interactions have led us to propose that @entity18051 and @entity46221 directly interact in the GCD- @entity26980 complex. Genetic evidence that @entity46222 and @entity46223 encode additional subunits of the GCD- @entity26980 complex was provided by the fact that reduced-function mutations in these genes are lethal in strains deleted for @entity18051 , the same interaction described previously for mutations in @entity18052 and @entity46221 . Biochemical experiments showing that @entity46222 and @entity46223 copurify and coimmunoprecipitate with @entity18052 , @entity46221 , @entity18051 , and subunits of @entity38270 have confirmed that @entity46222 and @entity46223 are subunits of the GCD- @entity26980 complex. The fact that all five subunits of @entity375 @entity26980 were first identified as translational regulators of @entity8422 strongly suggests that regulation of @entity6370 exchange on @entity38270 is a key control point for translation in @entity375 cells just as in @entity1 cells.

title: @entity6370 exchange factor for eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 in XXXX : interactions between the essential subunits @entity46221 , @entity46222 , and @entity46223 and the regulatory subunit @entity18051 .

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: Both myocardial and plasma @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) are elevated in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, the role played by endogenous @entity1827 in the progression of @entity712 remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate and correlate myocardial gene expression programs and left ventricular (LV) remodeling during chronic ET-receptor antagonism in @entity712 @entity35 . After ligation of the left coronary artery, @entity35 were randomized to oral treatment with a nonselective ET-receptor antagonist ( @entity12584 , 100 mg . kg-1 . day-1, n = 11) or vehicle (saline, n = 13) for 15 days, starting 24 h after induction of @entity583 . @entity12584 substantially attenuated LV dilatation during postinfarction failure as evaluated by echocardiography. Furthermore, @entity12584 @entity998 and increased fractional shortening. Myocardial expression of preproET-1 mRNA and a fetal gene program characteristic of @entity1283 were increased in the @entity712 @entity35 and were not affected by @entity12584 . Consistently, right ventricular-to-body weight ratios, diameters of cardiomyocytes, and echocardiographic analysis demonstrated a sustained @entity1184 response and a normalized relative wall thickness after intervention with @entity12584 . Thus the modest reduction of preload and afterload provided by @entity12584 substantially attenuates LV dilatation, causing improved pressure-volume relationships. However, the compensatory @entity1184 response was not altered by ET-receptor antagonism. Therefore, @entity1827 does not appear to play a crucial role in the mechanisms of @entity1283 during the early phase of postinfarction failure.

title: ET-receptor antagonism, myocardial gene expression, and ventricular remodeling during XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity12584 :: ('MESH:C086232', 'Chemical') :: ['Bosentan', 'bosentan']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['decreased LV systolic and end-diastolic pressures']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['CHF']


abstract: @entity600 is defined as a severe disturbance of @entity26 supply to the fetus, which develops during the first or second stage of labor. The diagnosis is confirmed by a severe @entity520 in the umbilical cord blood, a persistent low Apgar as well as functional disturbances as a result of @entity12807 in various organs including the central nervous system. Apart from morbidity and mortality in the neonatal phase long term effects are of considerable significance. Only 10 - 15 % of all @entity306 cases developing after delivery at term are a consequence of a hypoxic @entity75 developing during the process of labor and delivery. For a long time it was ignored, that a number of pregnancy pathologies may lead to @entity75 , which could also produce the typical symptoms of @entity306 . An abrupt disturbance of @entity26 supply may be a result of @entity1745 , a premature separation of the placenta or of rupture of the uterus. These situations are in general easily recognized by typical clinical symptoms together with a sudden drop in fetal heart rate with a persistent @entity1168 . In these cases it is only possible to prevent @entity75 , if the fetus can be delivered by emergency caesarian section within 15 - 20 minutes after the acute event. Diagnosis and evaluation of subacute or chronic forms of insufficient supply of @entity26 of the fetus in labor is considerably more difficult. Reliability of continuous heart rate monitoring of the fetus during labor as well as validity of certain heart rate changes for the detection of developing @entity519 is a matter of ongoing dispute. In the presence of clearly pathological heart rate patterns @entity12807 may already have occurred. Suspicious or "non-reassuring" heart rate alterations are frequent and only in a small percentage a real threat to the fetus in form of severe @entity519 will develop. Up until now there is no clear scientific proof that a combination of continuous fetal heart rate monitoring with additional tests can prevent @entity12807 to the fetus. Future efforts should be directed towards improving reliability of the description of fetal heart rate patterns, the validity of the information provided by heart rate changes as well as the proof of the benefit of continuous monitoring of the fetus during labor and delivery as a means of preventing severe @entity519 and its consequences to fetal health.

title: [ XXXX - an unsolved problem of perinatal medicine].

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic damage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy', 'hypoxic brain damage', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth asphyxia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['Birth asphyxia']


abstract: @entity4128 is a syndrome which involves a wide spectrum of anatomo-clinical features. It is characterised by different levels of @entity4265 , and by life-threatening "right" hyperkinetic @entity943 . Fifty consecutive pts were retrospectively examined at the Arrhythmological Centre in Trento between 1977 and 1988. The results of rigorous arrhythmological, echocardiographic and angiographic criteria showed that all pts were affected by arrhythmogenic right @entity67 . CASE STUDY: 39/50 (78%) males, 11/50 (22%) females; age 30.6 years (11-78) at the time of the first study. METHODS: clinical history in 50/50 pts, electrocardiogram in 50/50 pts, Holter monitoring in 50/50 pts, ergometric test in 49/50 pts, non-invasive analysis using signal-averaging QRS in 17/50 pts, 2D echocardiogram in 50/50 pts, angiography in 38/50 pts, electrophysiological endocavitary study in 35/50 pts. RESULTS: familial 2/50 (4%); 1/50 (2%) was in class II NYHA; first @entity943 at 24.6 years (8-60); most severe @entity943 at 27.7 years (9-74). Forty-three out of fifty @entity1 (86%) were symptomatic for @entity943 : 28/50 (56%) as a result of stress; 20/50 (40%) had life-threatening symptoms; 6/50 (12%) had aborted @entity944 . @entity4128 was "localized" in 42/50 (84%) and "diffused" in 8/50 (16%) and was associated with anomalies of the left ventricle in 30/50 (60%). Electrocardiogram showed: @entity714 in 10/50 (20%), negative T wave on the right precordial leads in 19/50 (38%), delayed ventricular potentials in 4/17 (23.5%). Using the electrocardiogram, Holter monitoring and electrophysiological endocavitary study the following were documented: a) clinical @entity1165 in 40/50 (80%): non-sustained @entity1165 in 10/50 (20%), sustained @entity1165 in 30/50 (60%); b) electrically induced @entity1165 in 26/35 (74.2%): non-sustained @entity1165 in 8/35 (22.8%), sustained @entity1165 in 18/35 (51.4%) (clinical sustained @entity1165 in 18/18); c) multiform @entity1165 in 12/50 (24%) (diffused arrhythmogenic right @entity67 in 3/12 and associated anomalies of the left ventricle in 11/12); d) pleomorphic sustained @entity1165 in 9/30 (30%) (diffused arrhythmogenic right @entity67 in 2/9, and associated anomalies of the left ventricle in 8/9). Forty-two out of fifty @entity1 (84%) underwent antiarrhythmic treatment. When the study was carried out 6.6 years (1 month-22 years) had passed since the first symptom; follow-up was 2.1 years (1 month-11 years) while the interval between the first symptom and the last check-up was 8.4 years (1-30 years); 2/50 dropped out and 2/50 died suddenly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Arrhythmologic study of 50 XXXX with arrhythmogenic disease of the right ventricle: prognostic implications].

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmogenic right ventricular disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricle anomaly']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1117 is a rare clinical entity characterized by recurrent infective and inflammatory complications. @entity1 are usually assigned to specialist centres, but nonspecialist clinicians may be required to treat these @entity1 in the emergency setting. This review serves as a management guide to those clinicians who are faced with @entity1 presenting with gastrointestinal manifestations of @entity1117 . METHODS: This review is based on a literature search (Medline and NLM PubMed) with manual cross-referencing of all articles related to @entity344 . RESULTS: Gastrointestinal tract involvement is present in most affected @entity1 . Clinical presentation can mimic common surgical complications such as @entity1960 , @entity295 , @entity1084 . A history of recurrent infections during childhood is common. Management involves haematological, microbiological, endoscopic and radiological investigations. Treatment modalities include early aggressive empirical antimicrobial therapy for @entity295 , immunomodulation for inflammatory complications and surgical drainage of abscesses. CONCLUSION: Early involvement of a centre with immunological expertise combined with aggressive management of complications significantly improves morbidity and mortality from this rare condition.

title: Gastrointestinal manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'perianal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal chronic granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction and liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic granulomatous disease', 'chronic granulomatous disease']

answer: @entity1117 :: (MESH:D006105,Disease) :: ['chronic granulomatous disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore demographic and regional factors associated with the use of positron emission tomography (PET) in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and to determine whether their associations with PET use has changed over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Office of @entity1 Research Ethics at the University of North Carolina and the institutional review board of the Duke University Health System approved (with waiver of informed consent) this retrospective analysis of Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Medicare data for Medicare beneficiaries given a diagnosis of @entity1149 between 1998 and 2007. The primary outcome was change in the number of PET examinations 2 months before to 4 months after diagnosis, examined according to year and sociodemographic subgroup. PET use was compared between demographic and geographic subgroups and between early (1998-2000) and late (2005-2007) cohorts by using   (2) tests. Factors associated with use of PET during the study period were further examined by using logit and linear probability multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS: The final cohort included 46 544 @entity1 with 46 935 cases of @entity1149 . By 2005, more than half of @entity1 underwent one or more PET examinations, regardless of demographic subgroup. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, @entity1 who underwent PET were more likely to be married, nonblack, and younger than 80 years and to live in census tracts with higher education levels or in the Northeast (P < .001 for all). Living within 40 miles of a PET facility was initially associated with undergoing PET (P < .001), but this association disappeared by 2007. Imaging rates increased more rapidly in @entity1 who were nonblack (P  <= .01), @entity1 who were younger than 81 years (P < .001), and @entity1 who lived in the Northeast and South (P < .001). CONCLUSION: PET imaging among Medicare beneficiaries with @entity1149 was initially concentrated among nonblack @entity1 younger than 81 years. Despite widespread adoption among all subgroups, differences within demographic subgroups remained.

title: Variations in use of PET among Medicare beneficiaries with XXXX , 1998-2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity3028 caused by @entity17979 is extremely rare in @entity1 . Drug-induced @entity3028 is an unexpected side effect of a drug, and delay in diagnosis of @entity3028 can result in a fatal outcome. We experienced a case of a 16-month-old male @entity1 with Down syndrome in whom @entity221 appeared 16 days after the start of administration of @entity17979 and then severe @entity55 developed. Results of a blood test on admission showed a decreased leukocyte count of 1700/microl, and a hemogram showed that there were no granulocytes. The erythrocyte and thrombocyte counts were within normal ranges. The results of a bone marrow aspiration test showed that there was no production of any types of granulocytes. The @entity1 required mechanical ventilation due to deterioration in his @entity55 and complication with @entity5642 , but the neutrophilic leukocytes began to increase from the 8th day after discontinuation of @entity17979 administration and start of treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and the @entity1 survived. The mechanism of onset in this case is thought to have been immunologic. Careful attention should be given to this type of @entity3028 because of its sudden onset at 1-2 weeks after the start of administration of the causal drug. A drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test was useful for diagnosis in this case, showing a positive reaction only for @entity17979 .

title: XXXX induced @entity3028 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity17979 :: ('MESH:D005013', 'Chemical') :: ['ethosuximide']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['Agranulocytosis', 'agranulocytosis']

answer: @entity17979 :: (MESH:D005013,Chemical) :: ['Ethosuximide']


abstract: Here, we report the functional and morphological evidence of hair cell recovery after damages induced by @entity801 (GM) in cultured explants of @entity35 vestibular maculae. We evaluated mechano-electrical transduction (MET) function in hair cells, by measuring @entity141 responses in the explants with @entity593 when hair bundles were stimulated. After the MET testing, hair bundles were observed in high resolution by scanning electron microscopy, or by fluorescence microscopy after staining with @entity6286 - @entity2823 (fluorescent @entity8009 ). In the control culture, the number of hair bundles on the explants gradually decreased, and the percentage of explants showing @entity141 responses decreased and disappeared after 17 days in culture. Following GM (1-2 mM) treatment, most of the hair bundles were eliminated initially, but the hair bundles gradually increased in number during culture. Short hair bundle-like structures emerged in the areas where hair bundles had been completely lost. Consistent with the morphological observations, @entity141 responses disappeared after GM treatment, and they gradually recovered to a peak 13-17 days after treatment and were even induced at 17 days or more in culture. Furthermore, cells accumulated FM1-43, a dye permeable through the MET channel, when @entity141 responses recovered after GM treatment. Application of @entity134 hormone increased the percentage of explants showing MET activity, and enhanced the recovery of MET after GM treatment. We investigated Ki-67 immunoreactivity to detect cell proliferation and TUNEL staining to detect apoptotic cell death. Ki-67 immunoreactivity was negative after GM treatment, however TUNEL staining was positive and the positivity was GM dose dependent. Therefore, this functional recovery of transduction activity was not owing to the proliferation of hair cells but was likely the self-repair of the hair bundle.

title: Recovery of hair cell function after damage induced by XXXX in organ culture of @entity35 vestibular maculae.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity8009 :: ('MESH:C037152', 'Chemical') :: ['isothiocyanate']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence of an association between cigarette smoking and latent @entity378 (LTBI) is based on studies in special populations and/or from high prevalence settings. We sought to evaluate the association between LTBI and smoking in a low prevalence @entity1906 setting using population-based data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS: In 1999-2000, NHANES assessed LTBI (defined as a tuberculin skin test measurement >= 10 mm) in @entity1 , and those >= 20 years of age were queried regarding their @entity286 use and serum @entity4874 was measured. We evaluated the association of LTBI with self-reported smoking history and smoking intensity in multivariable logistic regression models that adjusted for known confounders (gender, age, birthplace, race/ethnicity, poverty, education, history of BCG vaccination, and history of household exposure to @entity378 ). RESULTS: Estimated LTBI prevalence was 5.3% among those >= 20 years of age. The LTBI prevalence among never smokers, current smokers, and former smokers was 4.1%, 6.6%, and 6.2%, respectively. In a multivariable model, current smoking was associated with LTBI (OR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.9). The association between smoking and LTBI was strongest for Mexican-American and black individuals. In multivariate analysis stratified by race/ethnicity, cigarette packs per day among Mexican-American smokers and @entity4874 levels among black smokers, were significantly associated with LTBI. CONCLUSIONS: In the large, representative, population-based NHANES sample, smoking was independently associated with significantly increased risks of LTBI. In certain populations, a greater risk of LTBI corresponded with increased smoking exposure.

title: Association between smoking and latent XXXX in the U.S. population: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis infection', 'tuberculosis disease']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several loci associated with @entity161 and/or @entity162 . We performed a GWAS of @entity716 as a @entity2611 rather than within specific diagnostic categories. METHODS: 1239 cases with @entity161 , @entity914 , or @entity162 ; 857 of their unaffected relatives, and 2739 healthy controls were genotyped with the Affymetrix 6.0 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Analyses of 695,193 SNPs were conducted using UNPHASED, which combines information across families and unrelated individuals. We attempted to replicate signals found in 23 genomic regions using existing data on nonoverlapping samples from the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium and @entity161 -GENE-plus cohorts (10,352 @entity161 @entity1 and 24,474 controls). RESULTS: No individual SNP showed compelling evidence for association with @entity716 in our data. However, we observed a trend for association with same risk alleles at loci previously associated with @entity161 (one-sided p = .003). A polygenic score analysis found that the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium's panel of SNPs associated with @entity161 significantly @entity66 status in our sample (p = 5 * 10(-14)) and explained approximately 2% of the phenotypic variance. CONCLUSIONS: Although narrowly defined phenotypes have their advantages, we believe new loci may also be discovered through meta-analysis across broad phenotypes. The novel statistical methodology we introduced to model effect size heterogeneity between studies should help future GWAS that combine association evidence from related phenotypes. Applying these approaches, we highlight three loci that warrant further investigation. We found that SNPs conveying risk for @entity161 are also predictive of disease status in our data.

title: A genome-wide association analysis of a broad XXXX phenotype identifies three loci for further investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'psychotic bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['predicted disease']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity2611 :: ('MESH:D005532', 'Disease') :: ['broad syndrome']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the regulatory effect of Chinese herbal medicine on peritoneal lymphatic stomata in @entity4314 induced @entity19 model of @entity1575 and its significance in treating @entity843 . METHODS: (1) To form the @entity19 model of @entity1575 by intragastric administration of @entity4314 . (2) Two kinds of @entity8119 were given separately by gastrogavage to observe their effect on prevention and treatment of @entity1575 . (3) @entity1710 and @entity1711 and van Gieson staining were used in the observation of pathology and histology. (4) Scanning electronmicroscope and computer image processing were used. (5) urinary volume and @entity1372 ion concentration were measured. RESULTS: The fibrotic change of the @entity19 models was alleviated with using both the prevention or treatment groups of the two compound prescriptions. The diameter of lymphatic stomata enlarged with increased number of opening and density of distribution. Urinary volume and @entity1372 ion excretion increased after treatment. The effects displayed more significant in the group treated by compound prescription. CONCLUSION: Both kinds of @entity8119 have marked effect in alleviating @entity1575 , regulating peritoneal lymphatic stomata, improving the drainage from the peritoneal cavity, causing increase of urinary volume and @entity1372 ion excretion to reduce the water and @entity1372 retention, and thus have favorable therapeutic effect in treating @entity843 .

title: [Study on the regulatory effect of Chinese herbal medicine on peritoneal lymphatic stomata and in enhancing drainage of XXXX in @entity19 with @entity1575 ].

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity8119 :: ('MESH:C537188', 'Disease') :: ['Chinese herbal compound prescriptions']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity3746 location on vibratory amplitude and lateral phase difference. STUDY DESIGN: Repeated measures with each excised @entity235 larynx serving as own control. SETTING: Basic science study conducted in university laboratory. METHODS: Vocal fold vibration of excised @entity235 larynges was recorded with a high-speed camera before and after inducing @entity3746 at 1 of 5 locations: anterior, middle, posterior, medial, or superior. Medial and superior @entity130 were created within the middle third of the vocal fold. Five larynges were used for each of the 5 injury locations. Kymography was performed at the midpoint of the vocal folds for each video. Pre- and postinjury vibratory amplitude and lateral phase difference were compared for each location. RESULTS: The anterior and medial @entity130 produced consistent decreases in vibratory amplitude. Middle and posterior @entity130 might slightly decrease amplitude. Superior @entity130 seemed to have no effect on amplitude. Anterior and medial @entity130 induced phase asymmetry between the right and left vocal folds. Middle @entity130 appeared to affect phase difference slightly, whereas posterior and superior @entity130 had no effect. CONCLUSION: Injury to the anterior or medial portions of the vocal fold may be most likely to cause abnormal vocal fold vibration. Using caution in these locations during phonosurgery may favor superior postoperative vocal outcomes.

title: Effect of @entity3746 location on vibratory parameters in excised XXXX larynges.

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal fold injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelets can modulate the role of lymphocytes in the development of micro- and macrovascular complications in @entity6 . OBJECTIVES: To clarify the status of platelet-lymphocyte aggregation in circulating blood in @entity1 with T1DM, as well as the differences in the platelet-lymphocyte aggregation in T1DM @entity1 with and without @entity2316 . METHODS: We recruited 115 T1DM @entity1 (47 @entity1 and 68 @entity1 ) aged 15-52 years. The subjects with mean albumin excretion > or = 5 microg/mg @entity1011 comprised group 1, and those with < 5 microg/mg @entity1011 comprised group 2. The matched healthy @entity1 (n=50) served as the control group. Detection of @entity4991 was achieved using a light microscope after Ficoll-gradient centrifugation. Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes was performed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Significantly more @entity4991 (430.4 +/- 20.6/microl) were observed in group 2 compared with group 1 (223.9 +/- 12.8/microl, P< 0.001) and the control group (296.1 +/- 22.6/microl, P=0.027). In group 1 significantly more @entity4991 / @entity404 (21.1 +/- 1.6%) and @entity4991 /( @entity404 + NK) (17.8 +/- 1.7%) were found than in group 2 and the control group. CONCLUSION: T1DM with @entity2316 is associated with higher levels of @entity4991 than T1MD without @entity2316 . The role of @entity4991 in microvascular complications in @entity6 should be elucidated in further studies.

title: Status of platelet-lymphocyte aggregation in circulating blood of XXXX with type 1 @entity6 with and without @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Down staging by pre-operative chemoradiotherapy is currently considered part of the standard therapeutic approach to @entity189 . The aim of this study was to assess the response to chemoradiotherapy of different histopathological types of @entity189 with emphasis on the mucinous variant. METHOD: Between 1997 and 2002, 71 @entity1 who received pre-operative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for @entity189 were enrolled in the study. Staging of the @entity189 was performed according to transrectal ultrasound findings ( @entity7443 score) prior to the chemoradiotherapy. The chemoradiotherapy was followed by radical resection with mesorectal excision. All surgical specimens were examined by a single pathologist (MB). Pathological @entity7443 staging was assessed and @entity5 regression was graded according to a standard method ( @entity17198 , complete response - @entity49626 no response). @entity5 were classified as mucinous or nonmucinous according to pre- and post-operative biopsy and specimen histopathological types. @entity7443 score change and @entity20498 differences between groups were assessed. RESULTS: Tumour regression was seen after chemoradiotherapy in 94.4% of the @entity1 , while in 5.6% of the @entity1 no response was found. The change in @entity7443 score and @entity20498 were correlated. Higher @entity20498 was associated with a smaller decrease in @entity7443 staging. @entity20498 was significantly lower in the nonmucinous compared to the mucinous group and the decrease in @entity7443 grade was significantly larger in the nonmucinous group. CONCLUSION: @entity189 was associated with a lower response to pre-operative chemo-radiotherapy in this group of @entity189 @entity1 . Further studies are needed to determine its prognostic value.

title: Effects of radiotherapy on different histopathological types of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Mucinous carcinoma', 'rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The transarterial axillary block and the ultrasound-guided @entity616 are both effective methods of anesthetizing the @entity2045 . This study compares these methods with respect to subjective @entity86 , block adequacy, @entity1 comfort, and @entity1 satisfaction. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-two @entity1 were randomized to receive an ultrasound-guided @entity616 or a transarterial axillary block for @entity2045 surgery. Block placement, motor and sensory testing, and block adequacy data were recorded. The subjects were contacted by a blinded research assistant at 2 and 10 days postoperatively to assess for the presence of @entity809 and @entity158 and to assess @entity1 satisfaction. RESULTS: The 2 techniques were similar with respect to block performance time and adequacy of the block for surgery. There was no significant difference between the blocks in terms of @entity86 (23.9% in the axillary group vs 17.1% in the infraclavicular group at 2 days, P = 0.216, and 11.0% vs 6.31% at 10 days, P = 0.214). None of the @entity809 were permanent. The @entity616 had a lower incidence of paresthesias during placement (P = 0.035) and was associated with less @entity158 at the block site (P = 0.010 at 2 days, P = 0.002 at 10 days). More @entity1 were willing to undergo the @entity616 as a future anesthetic when compared with the axillary block (P = 0.025 at 10 days). CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference between the 2 techniques in terms of adequacy for surgery and subjective @entity86 . The ultrasound-guided @entity616 is associated with greater @entity1 comfort and willingness to undergo the same anesthetic when compared with the transarterial axillary block.

title: @entity616 and the ultrasound-guided XXXX for @entity2045 surgery: a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesias']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysesthesias']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['infraclavicular block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['infraclavicular block']


abstract: The usefulness of non-specific chemotherapy for advanced @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ) is controversial. We report on 2 young female @entity1 (25 and 19 yr) who presented with a clinical picture of @entity699 due to histologically confirmed @entity1636 . The first @entity1 underwent radical surgery, but after a disease-free interval of 6 months a local recurrence was apparent. She was reoperated and treated with 6 courses of @entity900 and @entity2879 chemotherapy. @entity8449 (8 g daily) was begun, but 2 months later debulking surgery was again performed. A second-line chemotherapy with the @entity2879 , @entity632 , @entity900 (EAP) scheme attained a partial remission lasting 7 months, then metastatic spread to the brain led to death of the @entity1 . The survival time was 30 months. The second @entity1 underwent radical surgery and adjuvant @entity8449 (4 g daily), but multiple lung and mediastinal metastases were diagnosed after an interval of 29 months. Chemotherapy with the EAP regimen (6 courses) without interrupting @entity8449 attained a partial remission lasting 21+ months. We suggest that the EAP scheme is active in advanced @entity1636 and that its association with @entity8449 is feasible.

title: Favorable response of metastatic XXXX to @entity2879 , @entity632 and @entity900 (EAP) chemotherapy. Report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity8449 :: ('MESH:D008939', 'Chemical') :: ['mitotane', 'Mitotane']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'adrenocortical carcinoma']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']


abstract: The course and location of vestibulospinal, reticulospinal and descending propriospinal fibres in @entity1 are reported. The investigation was carried out on three @entity1 with supraspinal lesions, four with transection of the spinal cord and 33 with anterolateral cordotomies. The lateral vestibulospinal tract at the medullospinal junction and in the first three cervical segments lies on the periphery of the spinal cord lateral to the anterior roots. It moves to the sulcomarginal angle in the remaining cervical segments. In the thoracic cord, it moves laterally, being traversed by the most lateral of the anterior roots. Reticulospinal fibres descend bilaterally in the spinal cord with a preponderance of ipsilateral fibres. Reticulospinal fibres in general do not form well-defined tracts, but are scattered throughout the anterior and lateral columns. They are intermingled with propriospinal fibres and with ascending and descending fibres of other systems. Most @entity2537 move posterolaterally as they descend. It follows that fibres from the brainstem that enter the cord in the anterior column may be in the lateral column anterior to the lateral corticospinal tract at lower levels. Reticulospinal fibres within the lateral column lie anterior to the lateral corticospinal tract. They consist of scattered fibres between the lateral horn and the periphery, most of them in the medial two-thirds of the column. In addition, they are present in a more compact group, forming a triangle on transverse section on the periphery of the lateral column, immediately anterior to the lateral corticospinal tract. On the periphery of the anterior and anterolateral columns @entity2537 descend as small groups or as a continuous band of fibres. The most medial of these reaches the sacral segments and is included in the sulcomarginal fasciculus. A compact group of fibres, shown previously to be central sympathetic fibres ending in the intermediolateral and intermediomedial cell columns, surrounds the lateral horn. They do not extend throughout the thoracic cord in all cases. Anterior to this group is another group of fibres lying on the anterolateral surface of the anterior horn. As these fibres were @entity528 following a pontine lesion, they must be @entity2537 . The fibres were not seen in all cases and they did not always reach the lowest thoracic segments. @entity2537 in the zona intermedia and along the anterolateral and anterior surfaces of the anterior horns. @entity1283 , the number of @entity2537 decreases, and their place is taken by propriospinal fibres. But they are not totally replaced by the propriospinal fibres, for @entity2537 continue down into the lowest sacral segments. Of the propriospinal fibres, the majority are short: descending fibres within the juxtagriseal layer are one to two segments long or less.

title: Vestibulospinal, reticulospinal and descending propriospinal nerve fibres in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Caudal to the cervical enlargement']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degenerating']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['reticulospinal fibres', 'Reticulospinal fibres enter the grey matter']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is classified as a characteristic form of chronic recurrent @entity8174 the etiology and pathogenesis of which still remains unclear. The multiplicity of different therapeutic advices, especially the permanent failure of antibiotic treatment, underlines the lack of an appropriate causal therapy. CASE REPORT: Detailed histopathological investigations of an 41-year old @entity1 were possible over a seven-year period. These follow-up observations enabled clarification of the histopathogenesis of @entity102 by means of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: During the course and development of @entity102 different stages can be observed: The initial phase is characterised by mild infiltration of B-lymphocytes ( @entity2225 , @entity1195 ) and plasma cells in the environment of ectatic ducts. Progredient stages show neogenetic lymph follicles periductular as well as metaplasia of the ductal epithelium. Terminal phases of @entity102 are characterised by near-total lymphatic transformation of parenchyma, follicular @entity1373 (KiM4) and myoepithelial proliferation. In this phase @entity7841 (MESA, i.e. @entity75 , possibly part of Sj  gren's syndrome) develops. Beyond it low grade @entity1893 of the MALT-Type of the submandibular gland occurred finally. CONCLUSIONS: @entity102 presents as a precursor of MESA. Immunohistological detection of follicular dentritic network (KiM4) within extensive @entity1373 periductular demonstrates overshooting humoral immune reaction of B-lymphocytes. Hence, @entity102 should be classified with regard to pathogenesis as an immunopathological @entity74 .

title: [Histopathogenesis of chronic XXXX as precursor of @entity75 (Sj  gren syndrome)].

entities_list: @entity7841 :: ('MESH:D012793', 'Disease') :: ['myoepithelial sialadenitis']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['benign lymphoepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic sialectatic parotitis', 'CSP']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of the MALT system']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity8174 :: (MESH:D010309,Disease) :: ['sialectatic parotitis']


abstract: We investigated stable cirrhotic @entity1 for muscle glycogen content. Muscle biopsy samples were taken of 14 @entity1 after overnight fasting. Electron microscopy showed normal intracellular distribution of glycogen (n = 8). Muscle glycogen concentration was 16.5 +/- 7.1 gm/kg wet muscle weight (normal range, 10 to 20 gm/kg). Basal, early postabsorptive, exercise-induced and @entity2690 -induced respiratory quotients as well as @entity2690 sensitivity (euglycemic clamp technique, 7.2 pmol @entity2690 /kg body weight/min) and @entity413 tolerance were assessed. The @entity413 disposal rate was 23.0 +/- 10.1 mumol/kg/min (mean +/- S.D.), indicating moderate @entity2690 resistance in these @entity1 . We found no association between basal muscle glycogen content and basal or postprandial respiratory quotient, @entity2690 sensitivity, nutritional status or @entity413 tolerance. However, there was a positive correlation between muscle glycogen content and exercise, as well as @entity2690 -induced respiratory quotient (r = 0.651, p < 0.03 and r = 0.587, p < 0.03, respectively). We conclude that postabsorptive muscle glycogen stores, which are effectively maintained in @entity1 with @entity82 , are one determinant of exercise-induced and @entity2690 -induced whole body fuel metabolism in these @entity1 .

title: Skeletal muscle glycogen content in XXXX with @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A seroconversion to mimivirus has been observed in @entity1 with community-acquired or @entity55 . The aim of this study was to determine whether a positive serology for mimivirus was associated with increased morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with a suspicion of @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ). DESIGN: Prospective matched-cohort study. SETTING: A 12-bed medical @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) in a teaching hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 ventilated for at least 2 days presenting with a suspicion of @entity2489 . @entity1 with a positive serology for mimivirus were matched to seronegative @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Matching criteria were: 1) the same main diagnosis on @entity1213 admission, 2) the same age (+/- 10 yrs), 3) the same Simplified Acute Physiology II score (+/-10 points), 4) the same McCabe and Jackson comorbidity score, 5) admission within 1 year, and 6) diagnosis of at least one bacterial @entity2489 during the @entity1213 stay or not. A total of 55 pairs were submitted for analysis. The effectiveness of matching was 94.8%. @entity1 with a positive serology for mimivirus had longer duration of mechanical ventilation and @entity1213 stay with median excesses of 7 days and 10 days, respectively. There was no difference in @entity1213 mortality. The duration of mechanical ventilation before bronchoalveolar lavage (adjusted odds ratios [OR]1.08, p = 0.02), viral identification other than mimivirus during @entity1213 stay (adjusted OR 0.32, p = 0.05), and enteral nutrition (adjusted OR 0.13, p = 0.01) were associated with positive serology for mimivirus. CONCLUSION: A positive serology for mimivirus is associated with a poorer outcome in mechanically ventilated @entity1213 @entity1 .

title: Clinical significance of a positive serology for mimivirus in XXXX presenting a suspicion of @entity2489 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial pneumonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In subjects with idiopathic @entity24178 (CPPD) deposition disease, cartilage chondrocytes elaborate increased amounts of @entity7371 . The mechanism of the intracellular @entity7371 elevation is not known. Plasma membrane 5'- @entity377 phosphodiesterase I/ @entity377 pyrophosphohydrolase (NTPPPH) activity also is elevated in chondrocytes and dermal fibroblasts of @entity1 with @entity47411 . NTPPPH, as an ecto-enzyme, could act within certain intracellular compartments. Thus, we hypothesized a potential causal link between increased NTPPPH activity and increased intracellular @entity7371 . METHODS: Transformed simian fibroblasts (COS cells) and @entity1 osteoblasts ( @entity1 cells) were transfected with the 5'- @entity377 phosphodiesterase I ecto-enzyme @entity22347 ( @entity22347 ), recently shown to be expressed in cartilage, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts. RESULTS: Transfection with @entity22347 markedly up-regulated 5'-nucleotode phosphodiesterase I activity and increased intracellular @entity7371 concentrations by increasing the capacity of cells to generate @entity7371 . Importantly, this did not require supplementation with exogenous nucleotides. CONCLUSION: Cellular overexpression of @entity22347 produces NTPPPH overactivity and increased intracellular @entity7371 generation in vitro. These findings support the potential importance of NTPPPH overactivity in @entity7371 generation, both inside and outside the cell, in some subjects with CPPD deposition disease.

title: Causal link between @entity377 pyrophosphohydrolase overactivity and increased intracellular inorganic pyrophosphate generation demonstrated by transfection of cultured fibroblasts and osteoblasts with @entity22347 . Relevance to XXXX deposition disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['U2OS', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity47411 :: ('MESH:C563162', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic CPPD deposition disease']

entities_list: @entity22347 :: ('5167', 'Gene') :: ['PC-1', 'plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity24178 :: ('MESH:D002131', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate']

answer: @entity24178 :: (MESH:D002131,Chemical) :: ['calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate']


abstract: The suprachiasmatic nucleus ( @entity8943 ) orchestrates synchrony among many @entity1897 and is required for circadian @entity2915 and many physiological processes. However, the unique effects of @entity888 (MAP) on circadian behavior suggest the presence of an @entity8943 -independent, @entity888 -sensitive circadian oscillator (MASCO). Substantial data collected using @entity35 models show that chronic @entity888 dramatically lengthens circadian period of locomotor activity rhythms and induces rhythms in animals lacking an @entity8943 . However, the anatomical substrate and the molecular components of the MASCO are unknown. The response to MAP is less well studied in @entity19 , a model that would provide the genetic tools to probe the molecular components of this extra- @entity8943 oscillator. The authors tested the effects of chronic MAP on 2 strains of intact and @entity8943 -lesioned @entity19 in constant dark and constant light. Furthermore, they applied various MAP availability schedules to @entity8943 -lesioned @entity19 to confirm the circadian nature of the underlying oscillator. The results indicate that this oscillator has circadian properties. In intact @entity19 , the MASCO interacts with the @entity8943 in a manner that is strain, sex, and dose dependent. In @entity8943 -lesioned @entity19 , it induces robust free-running locomotor rhythmicity, which persists for up to 14 cycles after @entity888 is withdrawn. In the future, localization of the MASCO and characterization of its underlying molecular mechanism, as well as its interactions with other oscillators in the body, will be essential to a complete understanding of the organization of the @entity1 circadian system.

title: The XXXX -sensitive circadian oscillator (MASCO) in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral oscillators']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['rhythms of locomotor activity']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Around 1 in 10 of all @entity5 cases occur in adults of reproductive age. @entity5 and its treatments can cause long-term effects, such as loss of fertility, which can lead to poor emotional adjustment. Unmet information needs are associated with higher levels of @entity148 . US research suggests that many oncologists do not discuss fertility. Very little research exists about fertility information provision in the United Kingdom. This study aimed to explore current knowledge, practice and attitudes among oncologists in the United Kingdom regarding fertility preservation in @entity1 of @entity1 -bearing age. METHODS: A national online survey of 100 oncologists conducted online via medeconnect, a company which has exclusive access to the doctors.net.uk membership of GMC registered doctors. RESULTS: Oncologists saw fertility preservation (FP) as mainly a @entity1 's issue, and yet only felt knowledgeable about sperm storage, not other methods of FP; 87% expressed a need for more information. Most reported discussing the impact of treatment on fertility with @entity1 , but only 38% reported routinely providing @entity1 with written information, and 1/3 reported they did not usually refer @entity1 who had questions about fertility to a specialist fertility service. Twenty-three per cent had never consulted any FP guidelines. The main barriers to initiating discussions about FP were lack of time, lack of knowledge, perceived poor success rates of FP options, poor @entity1 prognosis and, to a lesser extent, if the @entity1 already had @entity1 , was single, or could not afford FP treatment. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study suggest a deficiency in UK oncologist's knowledge about FP options and highlights that the provision of information to @entity1 about FP may be sub-optimal. Oncologists may benefit from further education, and further research is required to establish if @entity1 perceive a need for further information about FP options.

title: Fertility preservation in XXXX survivors: a national survey of oncologists' current knowledge, practice and attitudes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Language-induced @entity302 involves @entity410 precipitation by speaking, reading, and writing. @entity410 are similar to those of @entity5516 ( @entity5516 ). The nosologic position of language-induced @entity302 is not clear. We performed a clinical and neurophysiological study in a multigenerational family with the association of @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ) with ictal stuttering as a manifestation of reflex language-induced @entity302 . METHODS: Nine members on three generations were studied. All @entity1 underwent video-polygraphic EEG recordings (awake and during sleep). A standardized protocol was applied to test the effect of language and non-language-related tasks. RESULTS: Six @entity1 presented language-induced jaw jerking that mimicked stuttering and corresponded to focal @entity2045 involving facial muscles. This was associated with an @entity3762 phenotype in four of these @entity1 . Focal EEG spikes were found in all six @entity1 by visual analysis and/or back-averaging techniques. The focal spikes were either asymptomatic (when followed by a slow wave) or symptomatic of facial myoclonia (when isolated). Levetiracetam, used as add-on or monotherapy in four @entity1 , suppressed ictal stuttering. One additional case only had a phenotype of @entity3762 without focal features. CONCLUSIONS: This family study demonstrates the phenotypic heterogeneity of the association of @entity3762 phenotype with ictal stuttering (language-related reflex @entity410 ). Our data suggest that this particular form of @entity5516 related to language has more similarities with generalized @entity302 than with focal ones. Neurophysiological investigations should be performed more systematically in @entity1 with acquired stuttering, especially if there is family history of @entity3762 .

title: Language-induced @entity302 , acquired stuttering, and XXXX : phenotypic study of one family.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['reading epilepsy', 'reflex epilepsy', 'RE']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy', 'IGE']

answer: @entity3762 :: (MESH:C562694,Disease) :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In his 1938 monograph, Cushing tabulated 313 @entity1653 cases treated throughout his career at the Johns Hopkins and the Peter Bent Brigham Hospitals. Of these, 18 @entity1 were treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Cushing provided basic demographic, perioperative, and outcomes data in his tables, but the operative details for many of his early @entity1653 cases have not been previously described. METHODS: After institutional review board approval, and through the courtesy of the Alan Mason Chesney Archives, the surgical files for the Johns Hopkins Hospital from the period 1896 to 1912 were reviewed. Cases diagnosed as endothelioma or dural endothelioma were selected for further analysis. RESULTS: Of the 14 @entity1 with available records, 1 were male. The mean age was 34.4 years. Nine @entity1 (64.3%) died during their inpatient stay. Cushing used staged resections in an attempt to minimize @entity190 , morbidity, and mortality, albeit with limited success. CONCLUSIONS: The operative details demonstrate Cushing's early attention to hemostasis, and use of staged resections in @entity1 with large, highly vascular @entity1653 . Cushing's first 18 cases of @entity1653 , treated while a young attending physician at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, are not the most elegant operations in his lengthy series, but serve as an illustration of his ability to transform clinical challenges into opportunities for improvement.

title: Harvey Cushing's early treatment of XXXX : the untold story.

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: An HPLC-UV method to determine compounds having a @entity3787 functional group in plant essential oils is developed. The sample is diluted with @entity6246 and the analytes are derivatized with @entity14834 . The derivatives ( @entity5600 hemiesters) are separated on a C8 column using an @entity1626 ( @entity2830 )/water gradient. Separation conditions were optimized using the DryLab(  ) method development software. For the @entity4313 and @entity11572 present in mint and rose essential oils, optimization led to a ca. 40min gradient time and a column temperature of 8  C. The @entity167 and its derivatives were identified using HPLC with mass spectrometry (MS) detection. A large sensitivity enhancement was obtained by derivatization protocol. The HPLC-UV method was compared to GC with flame ionization detector (FID) and GC-MS. The limits of detection (LODs) obtained by the proposed method were better than those obtained by GC-FID and of the same order as those achieved by GC-MS. The three methods were satisfactorily applied to the determination of @entity4313 in essential oils. Therefore, the recommended method is of interest as an alternative to GC methods, to investigate the presence of compounds having an @entity167 group at low concentrations in essential oils.

title: Determination of XXXX in essential oils by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection after chromogenic derivatization.

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity5600 :: ('CHEBI:26092', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalates']

entities_list: @entity14834 :: ('MESH:C043103', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalic anhydride']

answer: @entity4313 :: (MESH:D000438,Chemical) :: ['alcohols']


abstract: We report the results of a phase III open-label, randomized, multicenter trial comparing @entity1140 / @entity1499 to @entity205 / @entity1499 for @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis after HLA-identical sibling marrow transplantation in @entity1 with @entity1583 . The primary objective of this study was to compare the incidence of moderate to severe (grade II-IV) acute @entity2132 . Secondary objectives were to compare the relapse rate, disease-free survival, overall survival, and the incidence of chronic @entity2132 . @entity1 were stratified according to age (<40 v >/=40) and for male recipients of a marrow graft from an alloimmunized female. There was a significantly greater proportion of @entity1 with @entity1442 randomized to @entity1140 arm (P = . 02). The incidence of grade II-IV acute @entity2132 was significantly lower in @entity1 who received @entity1140 than @entity1 in the @entity205 group (31.9% and 44.4%, respectively; P = .01). The incidence of grade III-IV acute @entity2132 was similar, 17.1% in @entity205 group and 13.3% in the @entity1140 group. There was no difference in the incidence of chronic @entity2132 between the @entity1140 and the @entity205 group (55.9% and 49.4%, respectively; P = .8). However, there was a significantly higher proportion of @entity1 in the @entity205 group who had clinical extensive chronic @entity2132 (P = . 03). The relapse rates of the two groups were similar. The @entity1 in the @entity205 arm had a significantly better 2-year disease-free survival and overall survival than @entity1 in the @entity1140 arm, 50.4% versus 40.5% (P = .01) and 57.2% versus 46.9% (P = .02), respectively. The significant difference in the overall and disease-free survival was largely the result of the @entity1 with @entity1442 , 24.8% with @entity1140 versus 41.7% with @entity205 (P = .006) and 20.4% with @entity1140 versus 28% with @entity205 (P = .007), respectively. There was a higher frequency of deaths from regimen-related @entity137 in @entity1 with @entity1442 who received @entity1140 . There was no difference in the disease-free and overall survival in @entity1 with @entity66 . These results show the superiority of @entity1140 / @entity1499 over @entity205 / @entity1499 in the prevention of grade II-IV acute @entity2132 with no difference in disease-free or overall survival in @entity1 with @entity66 . The survival disadvantage in @entity1442 @entity1 receiving @entity1140 warrants further investigation.

title: Phase III study comparing @entity1499 and XXXX (prograf, @entity1140 ) with @entity1499 and @entity205 for @entity2132 prophylaxis after HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nonadvanced disease']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: All experiments were performed on conscious, freely moving male Long Evans as well as @entity6 (Brattleboro) @entity35 (300-320 g). The endothelin-A (ETA) receptor antagonist @entity11344 (Neosystem) was administered through femoral vein cannula. Arterial blood pressure was measured trough femoral artery catheter. The bladder was cannulated for urine collection via a small suprapubic incision. After a 40 min control period @entity11344 infusion (16.4 nmol/kg/min, 25 microliters/min) was started and continued for 50 min. The effect of 32.8 nmol/kg/min @entity11344 infused in conscious Brattleboro @entity35 was also investigated. Plasma and urine concentrations of @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity2865 as well as osmolality were determined. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the clearance of endogenous @entity1011 . @entity11081 inhibition by 16.4 nmol/kg/min @entity11344 infusion in conscious Long-Evans @entity35 decreased urine flow rate by 38.4% (p < 0.02) and increased urine osmolality by 30.3% (p < 0.05). @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity2865 excretion did not alter. @entity11081 inhibition by 16.4 nmol/kg/min and by 32.8 nmol/kg/min @entity11344 infusion in conscious Brattleboro @entity35 did not produce any change in urine flow rate, urine osmolality or excretion of the electrolytes studied. Endothelins acting via ETA receptors may function as an inhibitor of water reabsorption in the kidneys of conscious @entity35 .

title: Renal excretory function in conscious Long Evans and vasopressin deficient (Brattleboro) @entity35 after XXXX inhibition.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes incipidus']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium', 'Sodium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity11081 :: (24326(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['endothelin-A receptor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether drusen in @entity1 with age-related @entity1020 and @entity1020 (ARM/ @entity13785 ) are associated with focal changes in @entity989 ( @entity989 ) lipofuscin fluorescence. METHOD: A new autofluorescence imaging device was used to study lipofuscin distribution associated with individual drusen in 20 @entity1 with ARM/ @entity13785 . Paired monochromatic and autofluorescence fundus images were used for detailed analysis of the topography of autofluorescence at specific sites containing drusen. In four eyes, image analysis was used to compare the spatial distribution of the autofluorescence with the location of drusen and to quantify the autofluorescence distribution over individual drusen (54 drusen). REsuLTs. A specific pattern of autofluorescence was frequently found to be spatially associated with hard drusen and soft drusen between 60 and 175 microm in size. The pattern is characterized by a central area of decreased autofluorescence surrounded, in most cases, by an annulus of increased autofluorescence. The location of this pattern was highly correlated with the position of individual distinct drusen. The central low autofluorescence focus was on average 16% below the surrounding background, and the annulus, when present, was on average 6% more fluorescent than the background. Soft drusen larger than 175 microm and confluent soft drusen show either multifocal areas of low autofluorescence or a more heterogeneous distribution. CONCLUSIoNs. Autofluorescence imaging permits measurement of @entity989 lipofuscin at specific sites. @entity989 overlying drusen have altered autofluorescence, suggesting changes in @entity989 health.

title: Autofluorescence distribution associated with drusen in age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy', 'macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: @entity21243 (UA) has antiinflammatory and anticancer effects on @entity1 cells. Increase in acid sphingomyelinase (SMase) is associated with several inflammatory diseases including @entity29 . The enzyme has become a target for drug discovery. The present study examined the roles of UA on acid SMase in intestinal cells. We found that UA specifically inhibited acid SMase activity in both @entity1 @entity694 Caco-2 cells and @entity35 nontransformed IEC-6 intestinal cells in a dose-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition occurred at 30    M for Caco-2 cells and less than 20    M for IEC-6 cells. In comparison with some chemicals known to inhibit acid SMase, UA appeared most effective. The decreased acid SMase activity was not associated with significant accumulation of cellular @entity4291 but significant increase in @entity2434 , the donor of @entity1877 for @entity4291 synthesis. Western blot analysis showed a decreased enzyme levels in the cells after UA stimulation, but real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) failed to show a parallel reduction of acid SMase mRNA after UA stimulation. Finally, UA had no direct effect on acid SMase activity in cell-free extracts. In conclusion, UA has inhibitory effects on acid SMase synthesis and the effect occurs presumably at posttranslational levels.

title: XXXX inhibits acid sphingomyelinase in intestinal cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity21243 :: ('MESH:C005466', 'Chemical') :: ['Ursolic acid']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity21243 :: (MESH:C005466,Chemical) :: ['Ursolic acid']


abstract: Gladiator remains from a recently unearthed cemetery in ancient Ephesus ( @entity233 ) offer a unique opportunity for proving common theories involving the weaponry and techniques of gladiator fighting based on the evidence supplied by cranial bones. This mass grave is the first of its kind to undergo a thorough osteological and forensic examination. A minimum number of individuals (MNI) analyses revealed that at least 68 individuals. All individuals found turned out to have been males aged between 20 and 30 years, except for one female associated with a female slave gravestone, and one male aged 45-55 years, had been buried in this area of the cemetery. The male mean body height was 168 cm (S.D.=5 cm), which lies inside the normal range of height for Roman populations at those times. Eleven (16% of MNI) individuals exhibit a total of 16 well-healed antemortal cranial traumata. Five of the 11 individuals showed @entity1230 . Ten (15% of MNI) individuals exhibited a total of 10 perimortal cranial traumata. This is a surprisingly high frequency of @entity542 , taking into account that most of the gladiator types wore helmets. A possible explanation could be the frequently reported deathblow technique used by the hammer-carrying @entity204 god "Dis Pater". The gladiator weaponry is well known through historical sources. At least one injury per known type of offensive weapon could be identified, as well as evidence for the most popular, the gladiator trident, which was found to be represented by one perimortem and two antemortem @entity130 . Overall the reportedly very strict nature of combat rules for gladiator fights could be confirmed by the absence of multiple perimortal traumatized individuals, showing a lack of the excessive violence commonly observed on medieval battle ground victims. This graveyard gives the opportunity to confirm historical aspects and to check the reliability of forensic methods for identification of antemortem, perimortem, or postmortem @entity79 . Typical examples for these kinds of lesions and @entity130 are presented. The colour of the margins of the traumata proved to be the most distinguishing feature for postmortal lesions.

title: XXXX of Roman gladiators.

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['deadly head injuries']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head injuries']