abstract: @entity295 is commonly associated with enhanced generation of reactive @entity26 metabolites, which lead to multiple organ dysfunction. The aim of this study was to examine the role of @entity2493 , a potent antioxidant, in protecting the intestinal and bladder tissues against damage in a @entity35 model of @entity295 . @entity295 was induced by @entity1588 ( @entity1588 ) in @entity35 Albino @entity35 . Sham operated (control) and @entity1588 group received saline or @entity2493 (10 mg/kg, ip) 30 minutes prior to and 6 hours after the operation. Sixteen hours after the surgery, @entity35 were decapitated and the intestinal and urinary bladder tissues were used for contractility studies, or stored for the measurement of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) content -an index of lipid peroxidation-, @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels -a key antioxidant- and @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity- an index of neutrophil infiltration-. Ileal and bladder @entity1865 levels in the @entity1588 group were significantly increased (p < 0.001) with concomitant decreases in @entity2197 levels (p < 0.01 - p < 0.001) when compared to the control group. Similarly, @entity1589 activity was significantly increased (p < 0.001) in both ileum and bladder tissues. On the other hand, @entity2493 treatment significantly reversed (p < 0.001) the elevations in @entity1865 and @entity1589 levels, while reduced @entity2197 levels were increased back to the control levels (p < 0.01 - p < 0.001). In the @entity1588 group, the contractility of the ileal and bladder tissues decreased significantly compared with controls. @entity2493 treatment of the @entity1588 group restored these responses. In this study, @entity1588 induced dysfunction of the ileal and bladder tissue of @entity35 was reversed by @entity2493 treatment. Moreover, @entity2493 , as an antioxidant, abolished the elevation in lipid peroxidation products and @entity1589 activity, and reduction in the endogenous antioxidant @entity2041 and thus protected the tissues against @entity295 -induced oxidative damage.

title: XXXX treatment protects against @entity295 -induced functional and biochemical changes in @entity35 ileum and urinary bladder.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity1588 :: ('MESH:D002429', 'Disease') :: ['CLP', 'cecal ligation and perforation']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['Melatonin']


abstract: Background. @entity1663 ( @entity1663 ) has a significant impact on the quality of life and social interaction of those suffering from it. Our aim was to assess the impact of @entity1663 on the quality of life. Methods. Fifty @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1663 seen in the Department of Dermatology of Hedi Chaker University Hospital, between March 2010 and July 2010, were included. Quality of life was measured by SF 36; severity of @entity1663 was measured by SALT. Results. Eighty percent had patchy @entity1665 with less than 50% involvement, 12% had patchy @entity1665 with 50-99% involvement, and 8% had @entity1665 . Compared with the general population, @entity1663 @entity1 presented a significantly altered quality of life, found in the global score and in five subscores of the SF-36: mental health, role emotional, social functioning, vitality, and general health. Gender, age, marital status, and severity of @entity1665 areata had a significant influence on @entity1 ' quality of life. Conclusions. This study indicates that @entity1 with @entity1663 experience a poor quality of life, which impacts their overall health. We suggest screening for @entity146 . Studies of interventions such as counseling, psychoeducation, and psychotherapeutic interventions to reduce the impact of the disease may be warranted.

title: Quality of life in XXXX areata: a sample of tunisian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['alopecia totalis', 'alopecia']

entities_list: @entity1663 :: ('MESH:D000506', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'Alopecia areata']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric distress']

answer: @entity1665 :: (MESH:D000505,Disease) :: ['alopecia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical wound complications remain a major cause of morbidity, leading to higher costs and reduced quality of life. Although @entity458 is widely considered to affect wound healing, the evidence on wound outcomes after surgery is mixed. Studies generally focus on small samples of @entity1 undergoing a specific procedure and have limited statistical power. METHODS: This study investigated the relationship between three different measures of @entity308 and seven adverse surgical outcomes using observational data collected before and after surgery between 2009 and 2011. A wide range of confounding factors was adjusted for, including @entity1 demographics, physical co-morbidities, health-related behaviours, month of operation, procedure complexity and treating hospital. RESULTS: The estimation sample included 176 827 @entity1 undergoing 59 410 hip replacements, 64 145 knee replacements, 38 328 @entity547 repairs and 14 944 varicose vein operations. @entity1 with moderate @entity148 or @entity308 had an increased probability of wound complications after a hip replacement ( @entity36386 , 95 per cent c.i. 1  11 to 1  24). They were more likely to be readmitted for a wound complication (OR 1  20, 1  02 to 1  41) and had an increased duration of hospital stay by 0  19 (95 per cent c.i. 0  15 to 0  24) days. Estimated associations were consistent across all four types of operation and for each measure of @entity308 . CONCLUSION: Preoperative @entity458 is a significant risk factor for adverse wound outcomes after surgery for four of the procedures most commonly performed in England.

title: Association between XXXX and wound complications after surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'anxiety and/or depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological health']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective is to compare the analgesic effects of @entity3522 , @entity1443 , and acupuncture in urolithiasis-driven renal colic @entity158 relief. METHODS: Renal colic @entity1 were divided randomly into 3 groups. @entity1 in group I (n = 40) were treated with intravenous @entity1443 , those in group II (n = 41) with acupuncture, and those in group III (n = 40) with a 75-mg intramuscular injection @entity3522 . Visual analogue scale (VAS) and @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) were used to assess @entity158 intensity after 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. RESULTS: No significant differences in baseline VAS or @entity1168 were found with regard to age or sex. After 10 minutes, all 3 groups experienced a significant decrease in VAS and @entity1168 scores, with the most drastic decrease occurring in group II. After 30 minutes, there was a significantly higher decrease in group III than in group I (P = .001). After 60 minutes, mean VAS scores of groups I and III (P = .753) were similar. The mean VAS score of group III was lower than that of group II (P = .013). After 120 minutes, the difference in the VAS scores was (P = .000) between groups I and II and between groups II and III. Yet, the VAS evaluation made after 120 minutes revealed statistically similar outcomes for groups I and III (P = .488). The statistical findings for @entity1168 evaluations made after 10, 30, 60, and 120 were similar to those for VAS. CONCLUSIONS: In renal colic @entity1 with a possible nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and @entity1443 side effect risk, acupuncture emerges as an alternative treatment modality.

title: Comparison of the efficacy of XXXX , acupuncture, and @entity1443 in the treatment of renal colic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['VRS', 'verbal rating scale']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The ability of @entity794 to form biofilm is considered to be a major virulence factor influencing its survival and persistence in both the environment and the host. Biofilm formation in @entity16330 is most frequently associated with production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesion by ica operon-encoded enzymes. The present work aimed at evaluating the in vitro biofilm production and presence of the icaA and icaD genes in @entity16330 isolates from a dental clinic in Konya, @entity233 . The surfaces of inanimate objects were sampled over a period of six months. @entity16330 isolates were subjected to Congo Red Agar (CRA) and @entity1686 (CV) staining assays to evaluate their ability of biofilm production, while the presence of the icaA and icaD genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction. @entity16330 contamination was detected in 13.2% of the environmental samples. All the 32 isolates were observed to be positive for both the icaA and icaD genes. Phenotypic evaluations revealed that CV staining assay is a more reliable alternative to CRA assay to determine biofilm formation ability. A high percentage of agreement (91%) was observed between the results from CV staining and ica genes' detection assays. Phenotypic and genotypic evaluations should be combined to detect biofilm formation in @entity16330 . Our findings indicate that dental clinic environments should be considered as potential reservoir for biofilm-producing @entity16330 and thus cross contamination.

title: Biofilm formation by XXXX isolates from a dental clinic in Konya, @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1686 :: ('MESH:D005840', 'Chemical') :: ['crystal violet']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: @entity7864 ( @entity7864 ) is a chronic @entity358 caused by long-term inhalation of dust, which triggers inflammation of the alveoli, eventually resulting in irreversible lung damage. @entity7864 ranges in severity from simple to advanced; the most severe form is progressive massive @entity82 (PMF). @entity7864 is debilitating and often fatal. To prevent @entity7864 , the Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 established the current federal exposure limit for respirable dust in underground and surface coal mines. The Act also established a surveillance system for assessing prevalence of @entity3673 among underground coal miners, but this surveillance does not extend to surface coal miners. With enforcement of the exposure limit, the prevalence of @entity7864 among underground coal miners declined from 11.2% during 1970-1974 to 2.0% during 1995-1999, before increasing unexpectedly in the last decade, particularly in Central Appalachia. Exposure to respirable dust is thought to be less in surface than underground coal miners. Although they comprise 48% of the coal mining workforce, surface coal miners have not been studied since 2002. To assess the prevalence, severity, and geographic distribution of @entity3673 among current surface coal miners, CDC obtained chest radiographs of 2,328 miners during 2010-2011 through the Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Forty-six (2.0%) of 2,257 miners with >1 year of surface mining experience had @entity7864 , including 37 who had never worked underground. Twelve (0.5%) had PMF, including nine who had never worked underground. A high proportion of the radiographs suggested silicosis, a disease caused by inhalation of crystalline @entity3440 . Surface coal mine operators should monitor worker exposures closely to ensure that both respirable dust and @entity3440 are below recommended levels to prevent @entity7864 . Clinicians should be aware of the risk for advanced @entity3673 among surface coal miners, in addition to underground coal miners, to facilitate prompt disease identification and intervention.

title: @entity3673 and XXXX among surface coal miners--16 states, 2010-2011.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['CWP', 'Advanced CWP', "Coal workers' pneumoconiosis"]

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['occupational lung disease']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['advanced occupational lung disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity558 have been related to alterations in the coagulation parameters. The objective of this study was to identify changes in coagulation parameters in @entity1 undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: A group of 15 @entity1 was studied prospectively, immediately before and during the course of an IVF-ET cycle. Blood was drawn in the preovulatory period of the cycle preceeding IVF-ET for complete blood count, @entity2002 , prothrombin time (TP), thromboplastin partial actived time ( @entity48217 ), coagulation time and @entity53 . A another blood sample for the same tests was collected during controlled @entity43 , on the hCG day. Both samples were compared by a paired t-test. RESULTS: There was an increase in @entity2002 (340.9 pg/mL to 383.1 pg/mL, p = 0.01). On the other hand, hematocrit levels decreased (40.5% to 38.4 %, p = 0.0001). The other coagulation tests showed no difference. @entity53 levels increased (167 pg/mL to 1435 pg/ml, p=0.0001), as expected during such treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest a tendency towards an increase in coagulability, as expected in hyperestrogenic situations. However, even considering the statistical significance of the results, they might have limited clinical impact, since they were within the normal range. This study suggests that, despite the marked increase in @entity53 and changes in coagulation parameters, IVF-ET is a safe procedure in terms of @entity1031 risks.

title: [Analysis of coagulation parameters in @entity1 undergoing controlled XXXX for in vitro fertilization].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperestrogenic conditions']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the rate of major intra-operative and post-operative complications experienced during excisional surgery for @entity46 . DESIGN: Prospective multi-centre observational study set in two University teaching hospitals and three private hospitals in Sydney, Australia. All consecutive subjects undergoing laparoscopic excisional surgery for minimal to severe @entity46 were recruited (790 subjects). Complications were recorded intra-operatively or post-operatively on a secure computerised @entity1 database. Major intra- and post-operative complications i.e. inadvertent visceral or @entity1317 or other complications directly related to surgery that either significantly prolonged the operating time, delayed discharge or necessitated re-admission. RESULTS: Seven hundred and ninety subjects were recruited over a 3-year period. Seven major complications were experienced (8.8/1000); four bowel injuries, one cystotomy, one ureteric transection, and one major @entity1317 . All visceral or @entity1317 were diagnosed prior to completion of the surgery. No significant longterm sequelae were experienced. CONCLUSION: The incidence of major complications in this study of 8.8/1000 compares favourably with other similar reports. In view of the potential symptom relief obtained, the authors continue to believe the benefits of such surgery significantly outweigh the risks of subsequent operative-related morbidity.

title: A prospective multi-centre study of major complications experienced during excisional laparoscopic surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 8005 Background: CNS relapse of @entity146 has a poor prognosis with a median survival below six months. No standard of therapy has been defined. In this prospective multicenter phase II study a chemotherapy-only regimen including HD-ASCT is evaluated. METHODS: Adult (18-65 yrs.) immunocompetent @entity1 with CNS relapse of @entity146 were eligible. Induction chemotherapy consisted of two cycles of high-dose @entity1499 4g/m(2) iv. (d1), @entity1260 2g/m(2) iv. (d3-5) and ith. liposomal @entity2592 50mg (d6) and one cycle of high-dose @entity2592 3g/m(2) (d1-2), thiotepa 40mg/m(2) iv. (d2) and ith. liposomal @entity2592 50mg (d3). Then, @entity1 without progression ( @entity1726 ) received @entity3600 400mg/m(2) iv. (d -5), thiotepa 2x5mg/kg iv. (d -4 to -3) and @entity2879 150mg/m(2) iv. (d -5 to -3) followed by ASCT. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 (median age 58 yrs.) were enrolled. Three @entity1 had T-cell and 27 aggressive @entity1892 . Median time to CNS relapse was 8.5 (3-80) mo. and was intracerebral in 24 and meningeal in 13 (combined in seven) @entity1 ; six had concomitant @entity706 . Pretreatment was @entity3726 -like in 29 @entity1 , including rituximab in 26. @entity149 responded to induction therapy in 22 (73%) @entity1 (CR=10, PR=12); two had stable disease, four @entity1726 , and two were not evaluable for response. HD-ASCT was thus far performed in 23 @entity1 ; CNS response was 70%: CR=11, @entity1726 =5, and not yet evaluated =7. @entity706 responded in three evaluable @entity1 : CR=2 and PR=1. Grade >= 3   @entity137 included @entity1210 (47%) and @entity281 (20%); and - following HD-ASCT - @entity33 (33%) and @entity281 (61%). One @entity1 died due to @entity4436 and one developed persisting @entity1241  . After a median follow up of 12.6 mo. the median progression free survival was not reached. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first prospective evaluation of HD-ASCT in this setting. The protocol used is highly active with tolerable @entity137 . A prolonged follow up will determine its curative potential.

title: Systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HD-ASCT) for CNS relapse of XXXX : A potentially curative approach?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['septic diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic lymphoma', 'systemic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence 4']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive lymphomas']


abstract: Comparative studies on the translocation and retention of intramuscularly (i.m.) injected @entity62288 (234Th 46 ng + 232Th 5 microg per @entity35 ) in solutions of @entity1792 , @entity5531 or @entity1792 + @entity5531 in @entity35 have been conducted. Results showed that only thorium in mixed-ligand solution was entirely translocated from the muscle, with the greatest part being excreted from the body. In this case, the whole-body retention of thorium decreased to 16% of the injected radioactivity within 2 d, 13% being retained in the skeleton. Studies on the decorporation of 234Th + 232Th nitrates from a @entity35 wound simulated with i.m. injection have also been carried out. The greatest translocation of thorium and its excretion was achieved with a single local injection of the mixed-ligand ( @entity1792 + @entity5531 ) solution when compared with those of @entity1792 or @entity5531 alone. The efficiency of mixed-ligand treatment decreased with its delay. On day 2 post-therapy, the whole-body content of thorium decreased to 30, 37 and 55% of injected radioactivity when the local treatment started immediately, postponed to 1 h or 24 h, after i.m. injection of thorium, respectively. In control @entity35 without treatment, there was only a slight decrease in the content of thorium in the whole body.

title: Improved chelation therapy of intramuscularly deposited thorium by XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity62288 :: ('MESH:C036680', 'Chemical') :: ['thorium nitrate']

answer: @entity5531 :: (MESH:D004369,Chemical) :: ['CaDTPA']


abstract: PURPOSE: Inflammatory corneal hem- and lymphangiogenesis occurring both prior to as well as after penetrating keratoplasty significantly increase the risk for subsequent immune rejections. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the blocking anti- @entity14531 antibody mF4-31C1 is able to inhibit the outgrowth of pathologic new lymphatic vessels in a @entity19 model of suture-induced, @entity32 , and whether this antibody specifically inhibits lymphangiogenesis without affecting hemangiogenesis. METHODS: Three interrupted 11-0 nylon sutures were placed into the corneal stroma of BALB/c @entity19 (6 weeks old) and left in place for 7 days to induce neovascularisation. The treatment group (n = 9) received the anti- @entity14531 antibody mF4-31C1 intraperitoneally on the day of surgery and 3 days later (0.5 mg/ @entity19 ). Control @entity19 received an equal amount of control IgG solution. For immunohistochemistry, corneal flat mounts were stained with @entity14530 as a specific lymphatic vascular endothelial marker and with @entity5231 as panendothelial marker. Morphometry was performed with the image analysis software analySIS;B (Soft Imaging Systems GmbH, M  nster, Germany). To improve the objectivity and precision of the morphometrical analysis, we established a modified method using grey filter sampling on monochromatic pictures. RESULTS: The mF4-31C1 antibody-treated @entity19 displayed nearly complete inhibition of lymphangiogenesis compared with IgG controls (p < 0.006). In contrast, there was no significant inhibitory effect observed with respect to blood vessel growth (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory corneal lymphangiogenesis seems to depend on @entity14531 -signalling. By blocking this receptor the ingrowths of lymphatic vessels can be inhibited almost completely, and specifically without affecting hemangiogenesis. This may open new treatment options to promote (corneal) graft survival without affecting hemangiogenesis.

title: Blockade of XXXX -signalling specifically inhibits lymphangiogenesis in @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory corneal neovascularisation']

answer: @entity14531 :: (14257(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['VEGFR3']


abstract: AIM: To study the @entity5 stem cell population in @entity418 cell lines KYSE-150 and TE-1 and identify whether the resulting stem-like spheroid cells display @entity5 stem cells and radiation resistance characteristics. METHODS: A serum-free medium (SFM) suspension was used to culture @entity418 stem cell lines and enrich the esophageal stem-like spheres. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect stem cell gene expression in the spheroid cells. Radiosensitivity of stem-like spheres and parental cells were evaluated by clonogenic assays. Furthermore, different cells after different doses of irradiation were tested to evaluate the change in sphere formation, cell cycle and @entity1759 (+) @entity15464 (+) expression of @entity5 stem-like spheroid cells using flow cytometry before and after irradiation. RESULTS: The cells were observed to generate an increased number of spheres in SFM with increasing cell passage. Radiation increased the rate of generation of stem-like spheres in both types of cells. The average survival fraction ( @entity19593 ) of the cultured KYSE-150 compared with TE-1 stem-like spheres after 2 Gy of radiation was 0.81    0.03 vs 0.87    0.01 (P < 0.05), while the average @entity19593 of @entity1 compared with TE-1 parental cells was 0.69    0.04 vs 0.80    0.03, P < 0.05. In the esophageal parental cells, irradiation dose-dependently induced @entity1167 . Stem-like esophageal spheres were resistant to irradiation-induced @entity1167 without significant changes in the percentage population of irradiated stem-like cells. Under irradiation at 0, 4, and 8 Gy, the @entity1759 (+) @entity15464 (+) cell percentage for @entity1 parental cells was 1.08%    0.03% vs 1.29%    0.07% vs 1.11%    0.09%, respectively; the @entity1759 (+) @entity15464 (+) cell percentage for TE1 parental cells was 1.16%    0.11% vs 0.97%    0.08% vs 1.45%    0.35%, respectively. The differences were not statistically significant. Under irradiation at 0, 4, and 8 Gy, the @entity1759 (+) @entity15464 (+) cell percentage for KYSE-150 stem-like spheres was 35.83%    1.23% vs 44.9%    1.67% vs 57.77%    1.88%, respectively; the @entity1759 (+) @entity15464 (+) cell percentage for TE1 stem-like spheres was 16.07%    0.91% vs 22.67%    1.12%, 16.07%    0.91% vs 33.27%    1.07%, respectively. The 4 and 8 Gy irradiated KYSE-150 and TE-1 stem-like spheres were compared with the 0 Gy irradiated group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The KYSE-150 and TE-1 stem-like spheres are more radioresistant than their parental cells which may suggest that @entity5 stem cells are related to radioresistance.

title: Radiobiological characteristics of @entity5 stem cells from XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: A novel conjugate of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) and @entity2995 (TA) was synthesized using @entity10209 as a linker molecule. To determine the rate of hydrolysis, the conjugate was dissolved in aqueous solution and the rate of appearance of free @entity1139 and TA was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Antiproliferative activity of the @entity1139 -TA conjugate and parent compounds was assessed using an NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell line. Cell growth was quantified using the @entity98 assay. Kinetic analysis of the hydrolysis rate demonstrated that the conjugate had a half-life of 23.6 h in aqueous solutions. The antiproliferative activities of the @entity1139 -TA conjugate and @entity1139 were both concentration dependent, with similar IC(50) values of 2.4 and 1.7 microM, respectively. However, individual responses at concentrations above 3 microM showed that the conjugate was less active than @entity1139 alone. TA alone showed only limited inhibition of cell growth. Studies evaluating intravitreal injection of the conjugate demonstrate that this agent produced no measurable @entity137 . Our data provide evidence that the @entity1139 -TA conjugate could be used as a slow-release drug delivery system. This could in turn be used to modulate a posttreatment wound healing process or to treat various @entity66 .

title: Synthesis, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and rat retinal @entity137 of a novel @entity1138 - XXXX conjugate.

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity10209 :: ('MESH:C035736', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaric acid']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']


abstract: Cytological characteristics of a cell sharing structure of both an astrocyte and a neuron, here termed amphomorphic cell (AC), were defined here in adult @entity35 rostral migratory stream (RMS). The AC perikaryon corresponds to that of the B1 cell of the adult @entity19 subventricular zone (SVZ)-RMS. The AC and its processes are confined to the RMS. Each AC originates four sets of processes that overlap with those from its homologues and adjacent neural and stromal elements. ACs interact between them via reciprocal sets of processes: those directed caudally bear @entity5222 (SVP) and form gap junctions with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) associated with the anterior set from the adjacent AC. Large asymmetric synapses, a set of them arising from the anterior olfactory nucleus, converge on each SV. The interlacing processes of the AC, together with a set of perikaryal out-growths form the glial cuff surrounding migrating neuroblasts described earlier. Small asymmetrical and symmetrical synapses terminate in subsets of differentiated A-cells, termed here A1, in the bulbar part of the RMS. Both AC- and A1-cells form electrical synapses between them and with their homologues. The strategic, wide-spread distribution between the neuropil and blood vessels of the AC, its processes, and migrating neuroblasts, suggests that the AC might mediate between both endogenous inductors and neurotransmitters, influencing the adult-born neurons it had previously originated.

title: Structural variation and interactions among astrocytes of the rostral migratory stream and olfactory bulb: II. Golgi and electron microscopic study of the adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic vesicles', 'PVs']

entities_list: @entity5222 :: ('MESH:C567751', 'Disease') :: ['spheroidal vesicles']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Early response criteria and surgical outcome were evaluated in @entity1 with @entity43 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. @entity1 with FIGO stage IIIC or IV @entity43 and an @entity843 volume of >or=500 ml were randomly assigned to receive preoperatively 3 (A1) or 2 (A2) of 6 cycles of @entity3003 and @entity1205 intravenously. Response was monitored by measuring target lesions, @entity843 volumes and serum @entity10224 levels. The primary outcome measure was the preoperative reduction of @entity843 volume. Secondary outcome measures were the evaluation of @entity41 and perioperative morbidity and mortality. Eighty-three @entity1 underwent cytoreductive surgery, 40 after 3 cycles and 43 @entity1 after 2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 'Optimal debulking' (<or=1 cm) was achieved in 30 (A1) and 32 @entity1 (A2). Eight (A1) and 6 @entity1 (A2) had a persistent @entity843 volume>or=500 ml. A decrease of the @entity10224 level from baseline of less than 50% was observed in 7 (A1) and 9 @entity1 (A2). Computed tomography scan results showed @entity74 in 6 @entity1 (3 A1; 3 A2). Any amount of @entity66 after cytoreductive surgery, persistent @entity843 , and a less pronounced decrease of @entity10224 were associated with poor progression-free survival rates. In conclusion, @entity843 @entity353 and @entity10224 decline appear to be appropriate response criteria. A treatment schedule with two preoperative cycles is a reasonable option for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced @entity43 . High surgical standards are mandatory, even after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with XXXX and @entity1205 in advanced @entity43 --a prospective multicenter phase II trial (PRIMOVAR).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['advanced epithelial ovarian cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e13610 Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is the primary treatment option for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 . This multicenter phase I trial examined intratumoral injection of TNFerade biologic, an adenoviral vector that expresses the @entity1 @entity310 gene, with chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity5 . METHODS: The primary endpoints were safety, feasibility, tolerability and the rate of complete pathologic response (pCR). The secondary endpoints were disease free (DFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). The study enrolled adults with @entity5 , and KPS >=  70. Five weekly intratumoral injections of TNFerade dose-escalated at 4 X 10(8), 4 X 10(9), 4 X 10(10), or 4 X 10(11) p.f.u. were given in combination with @entity900 75 mg/m(2) on day 1 and 29 and intravenous @entity1487 1,000 mg/m(2)/day for 96 hours day 1 and 29 and concurrent RT to 45Gy. Surgery was performed between weeks 9 and 15. RESULTS: 24 @entity1 were enrolled, the median age was 62; 88% were male, 21% stage II and 79% stage III. Dose-limiting @entity137 was not observed. At the top dose of 4x10(11)pu, 4/8 @entity1 developed @entity1031 events. The most frequent potentially related adverse events were @entity1295 (54%), @entity221 (38%), @entity390 (29%), @entity391 (21%), @entity2910 (21%), and chills (21%). Esophagectomy was performed in 20/24 @entity1 (83%). Six (29%) demonstrated a pathological complete response (pCR). At a median follow-up of 42.9 months 3- and 5-year DFS were 57% and 52%, and @entity1349 was 54% and 41%. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative TNFerade, in combination with chemoradiation is active and safe at doses up to 4x10(10)pu and is associated with long survival. This regimen warrants additional study.

title: Final report of a phase I evaluation of TNFerade biologic plus chemoradiotherapy prior to esophagectomy for locally advanced resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['esophagus cancer', 'stage II and III esophagus cancer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: To assess the efficiency and @entity137 of alternating combination chemotherapy plus @entity4020 ( @entity3027 ) in the treatment of poor prognosis multiple @entity1582 , we began a prospective clinical trial. The study involved 103 previously untreated @entity1 with poor prognosis: Stage III, haemoglobin below 8.5 g/dl, @entity2262 > 5.0 micrograms/ml and multiple @entity75 . All @entity1 were treated with an alternating combined regimen given monthly for 2 years. After randomization, 52 @entity1 also received @entity3027 at a dosage of 5.0 MU three times weekly during the first year of the therapy. The remaining 51 @entity1 received chemotherapy alone. Compared with @entity1 treated with chemotherapy alone, those treated with chemotherapy plus @entity3027 had a higher overall rate of response: (80% versus 47%), a longer duration of remission (36 months versus 18.5 months) and a higher rate of survival at 5 years (74% versus 39%; P < 0.001). @entity137 was similar in both arms. All @entity1 received the planned dose of @entity3027 . There were no deaths related to treatment. The addition of @entity3027 to a regimen of alternating chemotherapy increased the rate of response, duration of remission and survival in @entity1 with poor prognosis multiple @entity1582 , without serious side effects.

title: Alternating combination chemotherapy and interferon improves survival in poor prognosis multiple XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Standard biomarker testing of a single macroscopic disease site is unlikely to be sufficient because of @entity5 heterogeneity. A focus on examining global biomarker expression or activity, particularly in microscopic residual chemotherapy-resistant disease, is needed for the appropriate selection of targeted therapies. This study was aimed at establishing a technique for the assessment of biomarkers of @entity43 peritoneal spread. METHODS: An in-house developed fluorescent imaging device was used to detect the expression of the @entity1916 oncogene in @entity43 . A modified cyanine 5-tagged peptide, GE137, with a high in vitro affinity for the @entity1 @entity1916 protein, was tested in a panel of @entity43 cell lines. Finally, the feasibility of detecting submillimeter @entity43 cell peritoneal metastases in vivo was tested through the intravenous injection of GE137 into @entity19 with @entity5 xenografts. RESULTS: Using optical imaging it was possible to detect @entity1916 expression in submillimeter peritoneal metastases that were freshly excised from a @entity1 high-grade serous @entity43 . GE137 selectively bound to the @entity1916 @entity669 kinase without activating survival signaling pathways (AKT or extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation) downstream of @entity1916 . GE137 specifically accumulated in SKOv3 @entity43 cells expressing @entity1916 via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and emitted a fluorescent signal that lasted for at least 8 hours in @entity5 xenografts in vivo with a sustained high signal-to-noise ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that intraoperative optical imaging could provide a new paradigm for selecting @entity5 @entity1 for appropriate targeted therapies, particularly after initial chemotherapy. @entity5 2015;121:202-13.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Toward operative in vivo fluorescence imaging of the @entity1916 proto-oncogene for personalization of therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and purpose - The direct anterior (DA) approach in total hip arthroplasty has recently been associated with faster functional recovery than the posterolateral (PL) approach. We hypothesized that the same should hold for the DA approach in @entity162 for @entity2249 . @entity1 and methods - 82 @entity1 with a displaced @entity2249 and candidates for @entity162 were enrolled after IRB approval in this prospective non-randomized comparative study (DA: n = 38; PL: n = 44). The postoperative protocols were similar in both groups. Evaluation included surgical complications, component placement, and early functional outcomes, assessed 6 weeks postoperatively using a timed up-and-go (TUG) test. The incidence of dislocation was assessed by telephone interview at least 1 year after the surgery. Results - The DA-group @entity1 had better results in the TUG test than the PL-group @entity1 6 weeks after surgery: half were under 19 seconds as opposed to only one third for PL (p = 0.06). We did not record any intraoperative @entity3330 or any lateral femoral cutaneous neuropraxia in the DA group. We observed a significant difference (p = 0.04) in lateral offset between the PL group (4.2 (SD 6.4) mm) and the DA group (-1.6 (SD 8.5) mm). Stem alignment was similar between groups. The dislocation rate for DA @entity1 was lower than for PL @entity1 (1 of 38 cases vs. 9 of 44 cases; p = 0.02). Interpretation - Our findings indicate that relative to the posterolateral approach, the direct anterior approach for @entity162 may improve gait in the early postoperative period and decrease the dislocation rate.

title: Direct anterior Hueter approach is a safe and effective approach to perform a @entity162 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar hemiarthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fracture']


abstract: The multidomain homotetrameric @entity5 suppressor @entity876 has two modes of binding dsDNA that are thought to be responsible for scanning and recognizing specific response elements (REs). The C termini bind nonspecifically to dsDNA. The four @entity2666 ( @entity2666 ) bind REs that have two symmetric 10 base-pair sequences. @entity876 bound to a 20-bp RE has the @entity2666 enveloping the DNA, which is in the center of the molecule surrounded by linker sequences to the tetramerization domain (Tet). We investigated by electron microscopy structures of @entity876 bound to DNA sequences consisting of a 20-bp RE with either 12 or 20 bp nonspecific extensions on either end. We found a variety of structures that give clues to recognition and scanning mechanisms. The 44- and 60-bp sequences gave rise to three and four classes of structures, respectively. One was similar to the known 20-bp structure, but the @entity2666 in the other classes were loosely arranged and incompatible with specific DNA recognition. Some of the complexes had density consistent with the C termini extending from Tet to the DNA, adjacent to the @entity2666 . Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments detected the approach of the C termini towards the @entity2666 on addition of DNA. The structural data are consistent with @entity876 sliding along DNA via its C termini and the @entity2666 hopping on and off during searches for REs. The loose structures and posttranslational modifications account for the affinity of nonspecific DNA for @entity876 and point to a mechanism of enhancement of specificity by its binding to effector proteins.

title: Electron microscopy studies on the quaternary structure of XXXX reveal different binding modes for @entity876 tetramers in complex with DNA.

entities_list: @entity2666 :: ('MESH:D004266', 'Disease') :: ['DNA-binding domains', 'DBDs']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to confirm that concurrent @entity900 (CT) with @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) is associated with improved long-term progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), compared with @entity1161 alone in stage IB bulky @entity189 , when both groups' therapy is followed by hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Three hundred seventy-four @entity1 entered this trial. There were 369 evaluable @entity1 ; 186 were randomly allocated to receive @entity1161 alone and 183 to receive @entity1161 . Radiation dosage was 45 Gray (Gy) in 20 fractions followed by low dose-rate intracavitary application(s) of 30 Gy to point A. Chemotherapy consisted of intravenous @entity900 40 mg/m2 every week for up to 6 weekly cycles. Total extrafascial hysterectomy followed the completion of @entity1161 by 6-8 weeks. RESULTS: Preliminary results have been published, at which time there were 292 censored observations, and median duration of follow-up was only 36 months. @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics were well balanced between the regimens. The median @entity1 age was 41.5 years; 81% had @entity5 ; 59% were white. Median follow-up is now 101 months. The relative risk for progression was 0.61 favoring @entity1161 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43 to 0.85, P < .004). At 72 months, 71% of @entity1 receiving @entity1161 were predicted to be alive and disease free when adjusting for age and @entity5 size, compared with 60% of those receiving @entity1161 alone. The adjusted death hazard ratio was 0.63 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.91, P < .015) favoring @entity1161 . At 72 months, 78% of @entity1161 @entity1 were predicted to be alive, compared with 64% of @entity1161 @entity1 . An increased rate of early hematologic and gastrointestinal @entity137 was seen with @entity1161 . There was no detectable difference in the frequency of late adverse events. CONCLUSION: Concurrent weekly @entity900 with @entity1161 significantly improves long-term PFS and @entity1349 when compared with @entity1161 alone. Serious late effects were not increased. The inclusion of hysterectomy has been discontinued on the basis of another trial. Pending further trials, weekly @entity900 with radiation is the standard against which other regimens should be compared.

title: Radiation therapy with or without weekly XXXX for bulky stage 1B cervical @entity189 : follow-up of a Gynecologic Oncology Group trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'CT plus RT', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'squamous tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Primary and metastatic so-called @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ) is rare in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with approximately 50 primary and five metastatic cases reported so far. We evaluated two primary gastric and three metastatic intestinal high-grade @entity242 with features of @entity1418 . @entity5 occurred in a 79-year-old @entity1 and a 68-year-old @entity1 . One @entity1 died post-operatively, and the other was disease-free at 6 months. Three @entity1 presented with GI metastasis 24, 60 and 0 months after diagnosis of @entity1418 of the heart (n = 1) and the thigh (n = 2). @entity3 were located in the small (n = 1) and large bowel (n = 2) and were characteristically pedunculated and polypoid with oedematous haemorrhagic stroma. Concurrent @entity3 (brain, lung, bone) were present in all three cases. Tumours expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin (four of five), @entity675 (three of three) and @entity3820 (two of three) but were negative for @entity2467 , @entity2280 and other lineage-specific markers. Ultrastructural examination revealed myo/fibroblastic features. Both @entity1418 were wild type for @entity61149 . In conclusion, primary and metastatic @entity1418 of the GI tract commonly express PDGFRalpha and show a myo/fibroblastic phenotype. They should be distinguished from a variety of primary and metastatic @entity5 , in particular high-grade sarcomatous @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity1822 , @entity189 and other mimics.

title: Primary and metastatic high-grade XXXX /malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the gastrointestinal tract: an approach to the differential diagnosis in a series of five cases with emphasis on myofibroblastic differentiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity675 :: ('5156', 'Gene') :: ['platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) alpha']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma/undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma', 'gastric MFH', 'storiform-pleomorphic MFH', 'MFH']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['GI stromal tumours', 'GIST', 'Gastric tumours', 'pleomorphic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic sarcoma']


abstract: The survival of transplanted cells and their resulting efficacy in cell-based therapies is markedly impaired due to serum deprivation and @entity519 ( @entity168 / @entity8108 ) resulting from poor vascularization within tissue defects. @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) is a platelet-derived growth factor with pleiotropic effects on many cell types. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) exhibit unique secretory and stimulatory characteristics depending on their differentiation state. In light of the potential of MSC in cell-based therapies, we examined the ability of @entity4991 to abrogate @entity168 / @entity8108 -induced apoptosis in @entity1 MSC at increasing stages of osteogenic differentiation in vitro and assessed MSC survival in vivo. Undifferentiated MSC were rescued from @entity168 / @entity8108 -induced apoptosis by treatment with both 25 and 100  M @entity4991 . However, MSC conditioned with osteogenic supplements responded to 25  M @entity4991 , and cells conditioned with @entity619 -containing osteogenic media required 100  M @entity4991 . This rescue was mediated through @entity25068 in all cases. The addition of 25  M @entity4991 enhanced @entity7 ( @entity7 ) secretion by MSC in all conditions, but @entity7 availability was not responsible for protection against apoptosis. We also showed that codelivery of 25  M @entity4991 with MSC in alginate hydrogels significantly improved the persistence of undifferentiated MSC in vivo over 4 weeks as measured by bioluminescence imaging. Osteogenic differentiation alone was protective of @entity168 / @entity8108 -induced apoptosis in vitro, and the synergistic delivery of @entity4991 did not enhance persistence of osteogenically induced MSC in vivo. These data demonstrate that the capacity of @entity4991 to inhibit @entity168 / @entity8108 -induced apoptosis in MSC is dependent on both the differentiation state and dosage. This information will be valuable for optimizing osteogenic conditioning regimens for MSC before in vivo implementation.

title: XXXX protects @entity1 mesenchymal stromal cells from differentiation-dependent vulnerability to apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity4990 :: (MESH:C032881,Chemical) :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatic arterial infusion of @entity28807 stimalamer and lipiodol emulsion shows a moderate activity against @entity157 . However, the anti- @entity5 activity of @entity28807 stimalamer alone is uncertain. METHODS: The primary endpoint was to evaluate the frequency of dose-limiting @entity137 and determine the maximum-tolerated dose of @entity28807 stimalamer when used by intra-arterial infusion. The candidates for this study were @entity1 with @entity157 no longer amenable to established forms of treatment. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy was performed by selectively introducing a catheter into the hepatic artery with @entity28807 stimalamer alone. Treatment was repeated at 4-8-week intervals until disease progression or the appearance of unacceptable @entity137 . The starting dose of @entity28807 stimalamer was 3 mg/m(2), and doses were increased in 1 mg/m(2) increments in successive cohorts. At least three @entity1 were treated at each dose level and three additional @entity1 were treated in the presence of dose-limiting @entity137 . RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were entered into this trial. Dose-limiting @entity137 was observed in one of six @entity1 at 3 mg/m(2), and in two of six @entity1 at 4 mg/m(2). The maximum-tolerated dose was judged to be 3 mg/m(2) with @entity409 and serum @entity1011 increase as the dose-limiting @entity137 . There was one early death suggested to be related to the protocol treatment. None of the 12 @entity1 achieved an objective @entity5 response. CONCLUSION: Hepatic arterial infusion with a @entity28807 stimalamer of 3 mg/m(2) may be tolerated, but not active, in @entity1 with far advanced @entity157 .

title: A phase I study of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with XXXX stimalamer alone for @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity28807 :: ('MESH:D009353', 'Chemical') :: ['zinostatin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity28807 :: (MESH:D009353,Chemical) :: ['zinostatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A decade ago our group had reported that @entity446 was commonly delayed in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity6926 ( @entity6926 ) who were treated with intravenous @entity5279 infusions. We subsequently maintained a @entity5520 infusion-free interval of 4 months after osteotomy and changed the surgical approach (use of an osteotome instead of a power saw). In addition, @entity4381 has become the standard intravenous @entity5520 for treatment of @entity6926 at our institution. In the present study, we compared @entity446 before and after these changes were instituted. We evaluated bone healing post-osteotomy on standard radiographs after 261 intramedullary rodding procedures involving osteotomies (139 femur, 112 tibia) in 110 @entity1 (age at surgery 1.2 to 20.4 years). @entity245 was diagnosed when the osteotomy line was visible 12 months after the event. We observed delayed @entity79 (42%) performed with the new approach, and in 106 of the 147 osteotomies (72%) using the previous approach (p   =   0.001). The odds for delayed @entity446 were significantly lower with the new approach even after adjustment for age, sex, height Z-score, weight Z-score, @entity6926 type, and bone involved (odds ratio   =   0.17; 95% confidence interval 0.16-0.47). Thus, delayed @entity446 occurred less frequently in the past 10 years than in the decade before that. It is likely that this improved result is attributable to the implemented changes in both medical and surgical management.    2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

title: Osteotomy Healing in XXXX With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Receiving @entity5520 Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed healing']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone healing after 48 of the 114 osteotomies']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta', 'OI']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['osteotomy healing']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Somatolactin (SL) in fish belongs to the growth hormone/prolactin family. Its ortholog in tetrapods has not been identified and its function(s) remains largely unknown. The SL-deficient mutant of @entity7021 (color interfere, ci) and an @entity58398 ( @entity58398 ) recently identified in salmon provide a fascinating field for investigating SL's function(s) in vivo. Here we isolated a @entity7021 ortholog of the salmon @entity58398 . The mRNA is transcribed in variable organs. @entity1674 and @entity165 contents in the ci are significantly higher than those in the wild type, providing the first evidence of SL's function in suppressing lipid accumulation to organs. Interestingly, phylogenetic comparisons between the @entity7021 @entity58398 and @entity58399 ( @entity58399 ), which is also isolated in this study, in relation to GHRs of other fish, suggested that all GHRs reported from nonsalmonid species are, at least phylogenetically, SLRs. An extra intron inserted in @entity7021 and pufferfish SLRs and flounder and sea bream GHRs also supports their orthologous relationship, but not with tetrapod GHRs. These results may indicate lineage-specific diversification of @entity58398 and @entity58399 functions among fish or just an inappropriate naming of these receptors. Further functional and comparative reassessments are necessary to address this question.

title: XXXX receptors for somatolactin and growth hormone: phylogenetic paradox among fish growth hormone receptors.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['Medaka']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have analyzed the results of treatment of 110 @entity1 admitted to a clinic with diagnosed acute @entity298 for the period from 2010 to 2014. @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the classification of B. Savchuk. The first group included 40 @entity1 who admitted into clinic within 24 hours after the attack. There were 36 @entity1 who admitted in terms from 24 to 48 hours after the first attack in the second group. The third group included 34 @entity1 who admitted in 48 to 72 hours or more after the first attack. After further diagnosis all @entity1 have undergone emergency surgery under endotracheal anesthesia. @entity298 focus was eliminated and abdominal cavity sanitation was carried out. Depending on the size and nature of exudate abdominal cavity was drained. Based on these data we have created an algorithm reflecting the severity of @entity5694 in @entity298 , which allows to monitor the dynamics of the @entity5694 development. Our suggested algorithm is simple and may be used in all clinics, even in district hospitals.

title: [  formation of algorithms to determine the severity of XXXX in @entity298 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis', 'Peritonitis']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Fourth International Workshop on Gestational @entity6 recently suggested that two techniques, a 2-tiered protocol and a 1-tiered protocol, to screen for @entity6 are acceptable alternatives. This study was undertaken to compare the direct costs and @entity1 time expenditures associated with implementing both techniques. STUDY DESIGN: A MEDLINE search was undertaken to determine the prevalence of positive and negative screening results. Direct costs of testing were estimated by determining the range of supply costs from manufacturers' catalogs and the labor costs by estimating the time required to perform each procedure and multiplying by the appropriate range of wages; these costs were then multiplied by the appropriate range of the number of procedures required to implement both protocols, and the totals were summed. @entity1 time expended was estimated by assigning test times of 1, 2, and 3 hours for the 50-g screening @entity413 challenge test, the 75-g oral @entity413 tolerance test, and the 100-g oral @entity413 tolerance test, respectively. If additional visits were required, 2 travel-time units were assigned each time a @entity1 underwent a procedure. These units were multiplied by the range of @entity1 undergoing various tests to implement the alternative protocols. RESULTS: We identified low and high direct costs, test times, and travel units per @entity1 screened by the 1- and 2-tiered testing protocols. Low and high direct costs were  3.46 and  7.88, respectively, for the 2-tiered protocol and  5.64 and  10.88, respectively, for the 1-tiered protocol (relative ratios, 1.63 for low direct costs in each protocol and 1.38 for high direct costs in each protocol). Low and high test times were 1.4 and 1.5 hours, respectively, for the 2-tiered protocol and 2.0 and 2.0 hours, respectively, for the 1-tiered protocol (relative ratios, 1.47 for low test times in each protocol and 1.32 for high test times in each protocol). Low and high travel units for the 2-tiered protocol were 0.2 and 0.3, respectively, when the @entity413 challenge test was given at the prenatal visit, and 2.2 and 2.3, respectively, when the test was not given at that time. Low and high travel units for the 1-tiered protocol were 8.3 and 5.8, respectively, when the @entity413 challenge test was given at the prenatal visit, and 0.89 and 0.85, respectively, when the test was not given at that time. CONCLUSIONS: The 2-tiered protocol appears to be associated with lower direct implementation costs and less @entity1 time expenditure than the 1-tiered scheme. The 1-tiered protocol is associated with slightly less travel time, but this is unlikely to offset the test time advantage of the 2-tiered protocol. Until further data regarding the relative clinical utility of the 2 protocols become available, these factors may be important for clinicians in deciding which screening format to follow.

title: A comparison of costs associated with screening for gestational XXXX with two-tiered and one-tiered testing protocols.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'gestational diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 were studied for regional cerebral blood flow changes as a result of chronic @entity988 . After the administration of 550 to 600 MBq Tc-99m HMPAO, tomographic slices were obtained using a SPECT camera. Eight regions per hemisphere were drawn on each transaxial section, and tracer redistribution was calculated for each region. Region-to-whole slice ratios were determined for each @entity1 . @entity1 had significantly decreased frontal/whole slice (1 +/- 0.02) ratios in comparison with a normal group (p less than 0.01). Twenty-four out of 26 @entity1 (85.7%) demonstrated abnormal @entity13279 . Eighteen out of 28 (64.3%) showed activity lower in the left hemisphere than in the right. Using CT parameters, 60% of the @entity1 had either sulcal widening and/or ventricular enlargement. The frontal region and the left hemisphere were more affected by @entity167 than other regions. More cerebral blood flow changes than morphologic changes were found caused by @entity988 .

title: Regional cerebral blood flow changes in chronic XXXX using Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT. Comparison with CT parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcoholism']


abstract: Twenty-three Swanson @entity1346 rubber implants in @entity1 with stage III or stage IV @entity309 were reviewed at an average of 72 months after surgery. Minimum follow-up in @entity1 with unrevised implants was 44 months. Results were rated good or excellent in 48%, fair in 4%, and poor in 48%. @entity158 was the primary indication for surgery. @entity1 satisfaction and @entity158 relief were achieved in 63%. Implant @entity174 occurred in 52%. Revision rate was 30%, including one recommended revision. Radiographic changes consistent with particulate @entity603 were seen in 30%. Prosthesis settling and bony resorption were seen in more than 75% of the @entity1 . Survivorship analysis demonstrated 42% survival at 77 months. Progressive clinical and radiologic deterioration was seen. Swanson @entity1346 rubber implant is recommended only in the very low demand @entity1 with stage III or stage IV @entity309 and in those with insufficient bone stock to allow total wrist arthroplasty with a metal-on-plastic design.

title: Swanson @entity1346 arthroplasty of the wrist in XXXX : a long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1375 is defined as an elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level with normal free thyroid hormones values. The prevalence of @entity1375 is 4% to 8% in the general population, and up to 15% to 18% in @entity1 who are over 60 years of age. There is considerable controversy regarding the morbidity, the clinical significance of @entity1375 and if these @entity1 should be treated. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of thyroid hormone replacement for @entity1375 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS. Ongoing trials databases, reference lists and abstracts of congresses were scrutinized as well. SELECTION CRITERIA: All studies had to be randomised controlled trials comparing @entity6145 replacement with placebo or no treatment in adults with @entity1375 . Minimum duration of follow-up was one month. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for missing or additional information. MAIN RESULTS: Twelve trials of six to 14 months duration involving 350 @entity1 were included. Eleven trials investigated @entity1955 replacement with placebo, one study compared @entity1955 replacement with no treatment. We did not identify any trial that assessed (cardiovascular) mortality or morbidity. Seven studies evaluated symptoms, mood and quality of life with no statistically significant improvement. One study showed a statistically significant improvement in cognitive function. Six studies assessed serum lipids, there was a trend for reduction in some parameters following @entity1955 replacement. Some echocardiographic parameters improved after @entity1955 replacement therapy, like myocardial relaxation, as indicated by a significant prolongation of the isovolumic relaxation time as well as @entity67 . Only four studies reported adverse events with no statistically significant differences between groups. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In current RCTs, @entity1955 replacement therapy for @entity1375 did not result in improved survival or decreased @entity65 . Data on health-related quality of life and symptoms did not demonstrate significant differences between intervention groups. Some evidence indicates that @entity1955 replacement improves some parameters of lipid profiles and left ventricular function.

title: XXXX replacement for @entity1375 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'Subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity6145 :: (CHEBI:60311,Chemical) :: ['Thyroid hormone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is an association between @entity55 and acute @entity631 . Both processes start simultaneously. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 6 @entity1 admitted to our centre between 2001 and 2010 with acute glomeruolonephritis associated with @entity55 . The result of the smear and tonsil culture was negative and there was an absence of cutaneous @entity281 . RESULTS: The average age of the @entity1 on admission was 5.9 years with no differences in sex. The diagnosis for @entity55 was made at the time of admission, coinciding with the glomerular symptoms. The most frequent symptoms were @entity221 and macrohaematuria. All had low levels of C3. A significant increase in ASLO was found in 5 cases. The majority of the cases had mild symptoms with the exception of one case of @entity810 with an initial @entity1011 of 2.77mg/dL and glomerular filtration rate of 27ml/min/1.73m(2), and two cases with @entity644 in the @entity1985 range. All of them progressed satisfactorily without treatment or with minimum diuretic or @entity551 treatment in addition to the appropriate antibiotic treatment with clinical resolution in 7 to 10 days, and C3 returning to normal within a period of less than 4 months. CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between acute @entity631 and @entity55 , although it is very uncommon. The ASLOs in our series are not specific for Streptoccocus. pyogenes @entity281 . The respiratory and renal prognosis was favourable in all cases.

title: [Pneumonia associated acute XXXX : a review of 6 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: OBJECT: Neurotrophins prevent the death of neurons during embryonal development and have potential as therapeutic agents. During development, @entity528 occurs only by apoptosis and not by @entity39 . Following injury, however, neurons can die by both processes. Data from prior studies have not clearly indicated whether neurotrophins can decrease apoptosis compared with @entity39 . The goal of this study was to determine the effect of neurotrophin treatment on each of these processes following injury and to characterize the receptor(s) required. METHODS: The authors used an in vitro model of injury with the aid of primary cortical neurons obtained from @entity35 embryos. After 9 days in culture and the elimination of glia, homogeneous and mature neurons were available for experimentation. Noxious stimuli were applied, including radiation, @entity519 , and @entity63 . Subsequent cell death by apoptosis or @entity39 was noted based on morphological and enzymatic assessments (such as @entity880 dehydrogenase [LDH] release) and assays for DNA fragmentation. The effect of treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF), @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ), and @entity10862 was determined. Finally, Western blot analyses were performed to note the neurotrophin receptor status in the neurons ( @entity669 kinase receptors [Trks] and @entity11451 ). The authors studied different stimuli-induced cell death by using different processes. With the application of radiation, cells died primarily by apoptosis, as evidenced by cell shrinkage, the presence of apoptotic bodies, and specific DNA fragmentation. This was a delayed process (> 6 hours) that could be reduced by gene transcription or protein synthesis inhibitors. With @entity63 , cells died immediately by @entity39 , showing cell enlargement and @entity397 . Ischemic cell death was not affected by the inhibition of macromolecular synthesis. @entity519 produced a mixture of the two cell death processes. Both @entity2136 and @entity10862 demonstrated protection against apoptotic cell death only. Statistically significant decreases of both LDH release and apoptosis-specific DNA fragmentation were noted following radiation and @entity519 , but not for @entity63 . Nerve growth factor, unlike the other neurotrophins, did not affect apoptosis because a functional receptor, @entity3249 , was not expressed by the cortical neurons. There was expression of both @entity10864 and @entity10865 , which bind @entity2136 and @entity10862 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings have significant clinical implications. Neurotrophins may only be effective in disorders in which apoptosis, and not @entity39 , is the major process. Furthermore, the @entity3249 signaling cascade must be activated for this response to occur. Because the expression of these receptors diminishes in adulthood, neurotrophin application may be most appropriate in the pediatric population.

title: Prevention of apoptotic but not necrotic cell death following @entity528 by neurotrophins signaling through the XXXX kinase receptor.

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: @entity8779 ( @entity11059 ) is an @entity4349 used during treatment of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and is clinically important because of its potency and lipophilicity (compared to the related compounds @entity5699 and @entity632 ). These drugs target DNA topoisomerase II (topo II), a nuclear enzyme that regulates DNA topology. Topo II poisoning leads to the trapping of an intermediate in the enzyme's cycle termed the "cleavable complex." This study aims to increase understanding of drug interactions by use of the "TARDIS" (trapped in agarose DNA immunostaining) assay to measure drug-induced topo II cleavable complexes in individual cells treated with @entity8253 . @entity1 cells contain two isoforms of topo II (alpha and beta) and the TARDIS assay enables visualisation of isoform-specific complexes. Drug-treated cells were embedded in agarose, lysed and incubated with anti-topo II antibodies to microscopically detect topo IIalpha or beta complexes. Results for K562 cells (at clinically relevant concentrations) showed that @entity11059 and @entity47478 , its metabolite, formed mainly topo IIalpha cleavable complexes, the level of which decreases at doses > 1 microM for @entity11059 . Our data suggest that this decrease is due to catalytic inhibition by @entity11059 at these doses. @entity632 formed low levels of topo IIalpha complexes and negligible topo IIbeta complexes. In @entity137 studies, @entity11059 and @entity47478 were equipotent, but both were more potent than @entity5699 and @entity632 . We showed for the first time that there was a persistent increase in levels of topo IIalpha cleavable complexes after removal of @entity11059 , suggesting that its greater effectiveness may be associated with both the longevity and high levels of these complexes.

title: Formation and longevity of XXXX -induced DNA topoisomerase II cleavable complexes in K562 @entity1 leukaemia cells.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['Idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity47478 :: ('MESH:C054440', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicinol']

answer: @entity8779 :: (MESH:D015255,Chemical) :: ['idarubicin']


abstract: With the increasing awareness in both the medical community, as well as the general public of the progressive nature of @entity1635 , more @entity1 with this condition are coming to the attention of the spinal surgeon. With recent technical developments, the surgical armamentarium currently available has certainly improved, yet these @entity1 remain a challenging population of @entity1 . Infantile, juvenile, and @entity1615 are defined by their age of presentation. Similarly, @entity1635 is defined as a presentation of @entity1635 after skeletal maturity. Yet most studies in the literature define @entity1635 arbitrarily as @entity1635 existing in a @entity1 age 18 or older. The majority of these @entity1 , therefore, have curves which have persisted through adolescence into adult life with etiologies which mirror those of a younger @entity1 population. @entity179 related to @entity170 and iatrogenic causes are additional etiologies of @entity85 which more typically present in adult @entity1 . The indications for treatment in the adult @entity1 are similar to those in the adolescent: progression of the @entity85 , @entity158 , @entity358 , and perhaps cosmesis. The complications encountered during the surgical management of these @entity1 is quite high (50-80%) when compared to their adolescent counterparts. Complications include @entity1516 , @entity393 , @entity1031 , instrumentation failure, @entity51 , and wound @entity281 . Therefore, even with the recent advances in surgical technique the decision of whether or not to operate on a given @entity1 remains the single most critical decision.

title: Treatment of XXXX in the adult.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'adult scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of pulmonary function']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Perceived better quality of care draws lower socio-economic classes of Indians to more expensive private setups, leading to poverty illness poverty cycle. Urgent measures need to be taken to improve perceived quality of public hospitals. The present study compares the difference in perceived quality of care among parents of @entity1 admitted at two government district hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, comparative, questionnaire based study was conducted between February 2011 and February 2012 at Government medical college hospitals of two district headquarters in South-India: one with private-public-partnership ( @entity6223 -model); another directly operated by government - Public Hospital-model (PH-model). A total of 461 inpatients from the PH model hospital and 580 from the @entity6223 model hospital were eligible. @entity1 who left against advice (LAMA) (n=44 in PH and 19 in @entity6223 ) and expired (n=25 in PH and 59 in @entity6223 ) were excluded. Fourteen incomplete forms from PH and 10 from @entity6223 model hospital were also excluded. Responders rated perception on a 1-5 scale in each domain: accessibility of health-facility, time spent waiting, manner and quality of physician, manner and quality of nurse, manner and quality of supporting staff, perception of equipment, explanation of treatment details and general comfort. The responders also rated overall satisfaction on a 1-10 scale. In the 1-5 scale, rating>= 4 in each domain was considered good. Rating>= 8 in 1-10 scale was considered satisfaction. RESULTS: Responders from @entity6223 -model hospital were significantly more satisfied than those from PH-model {n=529 (91.2%) vs. n=148 (32.1%) p<0.001}. This was true even when controlled for age-group, sex, maternal education, family-type, days of hospital-stay and socioeconomic class {O.R.(CI) =23.58 (16.13-34.48); p<0.001} by binary logistic regression model. In the @entity6223 -model hospital the time spent waiting for treatment {4.28(2.07-8.82), p<.001} and manner of support staff {3.64(1.02-12.99), p=0.04} significantly predicted satisfaction. In PH-model hospital explanation given regarding treatment details significantly predicted overall satisfaction {2.99(1.61-5.54), p<.001}. CONCLUSION: Perceived quality of hospital care, as evidenced by the satisfaction and perception ratings of responders, was better in @entity6223 -model hospital. This model could be emulated in developing countries to draw @entity1 of lower socio-economic classes to tertiary-care public hospitals which are less expensive.

title: Public-Private Partnership in Health Care: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study of Perceived Quality of Care Among Parents of XXXX Admitted in Two Government District-hospitals, Southern India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'Patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) that initiate @entity5 angiogenesis may acquire distinct properties after conditioning in @entity5 microenvironment as compared to ECs in non-malignant tissues. Thus far, most in vitro studies of angiogenesis used ECs isolated from normal tissues, which may not fully represent the nature of ECs in @entity5 vasculature. In this study, @entity11 -derived microvascular ECs (GDMEC) were purified from @entity1 @entity11 tissues by incubating with magnetic beads coated with anti-CD105 antibody and highly pure (98%) preparations of GDMEC were obtained. These cells exhibited typical EC phenotype, and proliferated rapidly in culture. Interestingly, GDMEC expressed higher levels of VEGF receptors, @entity6758 and @entity319 , as compared to an established @entity1 EC cell line ECV304 and primary @entity1 umbilical vascular EC (HUVEC). Functionally, GDMEC were capable of forming intercellular junctions and @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) of various sizes. Stimulation by VEGF further promoted @entity2383 formation with diverse tubular walls by GDMEC. In contrast, @entity2383 formed by ECV304 and HUVEC showed significantly different features. We further observed that Nordy, a synthetic lipoxygenase inhibitor, potently inhibited @entity2383 formation by GDMEC. The results suggest that isolation of highly pure ECs derived from @entity5 tissues is more appropriate for studies of @entity5 angiogenesis and for test of potential anti- @entity5 therapeutic targets.

title: Increased angiogenic capabilities of endothelial cells from microvessels of malignant XXXX @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['TLS', 'tubule-like structures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. Unilateral ligation of the right common carotid artery in the anaesthetized gerbil for 3 h caused a 62.7% decrease in ipsilateral @entity935 in the corpus striatum from 1.40 (+/- 0.13, n = 27) micrograms @entity18403 in the non-ischaemic hemisphere to 0.47 (+/- 0.07, n = 27) micrograms @entity18403 in the ischaemic hemisphere (all results are expressed as mean +/- s.e. mean). In sham-operated animals there were no differences in the @entity935 levels (1.31 +/- 0.14 micrograms @entity18403 , n = 11, left; 1.27 +/- 0.13 micrograms @entity18403 , n = 11 in the right hemisphere). Animals with intact communicating arteries in the circulus arteriosus were excluded. 2. @entity55492 ( @entity55492 ; 250, 500, but not 50, micrograms kg-1, i.p.) protected against this @entity935 depletion showing only a 9.2% decrease at 250 micrograms kg-1, i.p. (P < 0.01) and no decrease at 500 micrograms kg-1, i.p. (P < 0.01). 3. @entity3360 (250 micrograms kg-1, p.o.) was effective when administered chronically once daily for 10 days (26.6% decrease, P < 0.05) but not when administered acutely at 50 micrograms kg-1, i.p.

title: The effect of @entity55492 ( @entity55492 ), a novel sodium and calcium channel modulator, on ischaemic XXXX depletion in the corpus striatum of the gerbil.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicardipine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to explore the current literature examining the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of exercise interventions for individuals with @entity2800 . METHODS: A literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, AMED, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and Web of Science using the terms "exercise" OR "physical activity" AND " @entity2800 ." Two reviewers performed duplicate title/abstract and full text screening of clinical trials comparing outcomes for @entity1 with @entity2800 participating in an exercise program. Initial searches yielded 149 articles. Two reviewers independently extracted data using piloted forms and assessed risk of bias using Cochrane's tool. Data was extracted in relation to the study population, study intervention, comparator intervention, and outcomes assessed. RESULTS: Five trials were included in this review after 20 full-text articles were screened. Risk of bias was determined to be high in all five studies. Adherence rates were found to be low (<30  %) in all studies measuring this outcome. Positive improvements were found for fatigue, physical functioning, quality of life, and @entity458 for @entity1 with @entity3052 ; however, not all findings were significant. Leukocyte and BCR-ABL1 levels increased significantly post-exercise for @entity1 with @entity1860 . Only one adverse event was reported. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise interventions appear safe and feasible for individuals with @entity3052 . Not enough evidence was presented to comment on the feasibility of exercise programs for individuals with @entity1860 . Inconclusive evidence was found on the effectiveness of exercise to minimize side effects for @entity1 with @entity3052 .

title: A systematic review on the use of exercise interventions for individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity2800 :: (MESH:D007951,Disease) :: ['myeloid leukemia']


abstract: This study addresses whether @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is a valid therapeutic option in @entity2 treatment. A total of 24 articles were reviewed in two categories: advanced (G1) and early (G2) disease. Details considered included the following: 1) number of @entity1 in each series; 2) staging; 3) methodology; 4) mortality; 5) morbidity; 6) survival; 7) relief of symptoms; and 8) concomitant treatments. G1 (636 @entity1 ) had severe @entity5 and @entity34 was primarily for symptom relief. G2 (517 @entity1 ) had early stage @entity5 and were treated with @entity34 for curative intent. There was no procedure-related mortality in either group. G1 had a 5-28% incidence of skin sensitivity. Haemoptysis occurred in two series; one fatal, an incidence of 2.2%. Almost all @entity1 had symptomatic relief. @entity1 with @entity66 stage and better performance status had improved survival rates. G2 had a 8-28% incidence of sunburn. Three @entity1 in one series (38 @entity1 ) had haemoptysis. Survival after 5 yrs in complete remission/response @entity1 was 70%. This review suggests that bronchoscopic @entity34 has indications in selected @entity2 @entity1 with early or advanced stage disease. However, in the absence of a formal comparative study, no claim can be made of its superiority over other endobronchial therapies.

title: Is bronchoscopic XXXX a therapeutic option in @entity2 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['lower disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'endobronchial obstructive cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['photodynamic therapy', 'PDT']

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['photodynamic therapy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: One of the hallmarks of @entity32 is lymphangiogesis that drains the interstitial fluids. During @entity32 , angiogenesis is induced by a variety of inflammatory mediators, such as @entity2918 (PGs). However, it remains unknown whether they enhance lymphangiogenesis. We examined the roles of @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) and @entity1421 receptor signaling in enhancement of lymphangiogenesis during @entity32 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Lymphangiogenesis estimated by podoplanin/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-3/ @entity14530 expression was upregulated during @entity32 seen around and into subcutaneous Matrigel plugs containing @entity10245 (125 ng/site). A @entity1996 inhibitor ( @entity12698 ) significantly reduced lymphangiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, whereas topical @entity1421 enhanced lymphangiogenesis. Topical injection of @entity2822 -dextran into the Matrigel revealed that lymphatic flow from the Matrigels was @entity1996 dependent. Lymphangiogenesis was suppressed in the granulation tissues of @entity19 lacking either @entity58889 or @entity13947 , suggesting that these molecules are receptors in response to endogenous @entity1421 . An @entity58889 -selective agonist ( @entity56263 ) increased the expression of @entity18266 and @entity36105 in cultured macrophages, whereas an @entity13947 -selective agonist ( @entity11012 -AE1-329) increased @entity18266 expression in cultured macrophages and increased @entity36105 expression in cultured fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that @entity1996 and @entity58889 / @entity13947 signaling contributes to lymphangiogenesis in @entity32 , possibly via induction of @entity18266 and @entity36105 , and may become a therapeutic target for controlling lymphangiogenesis.

title: Roles of @entity1421 - XXXX / @entity13947 receptor signaling in the enhancement of lymphangiogenesis during @entity10245 -induced granulation formation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'proliferative inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

answer: @entity58889 :: (19218(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['EP3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After initial response to epidermal growth factor receptor- @entity4149 kinase inhibitors ( @entity470 -TKIs), approximately one-third of @entity1 develop central nervous system (CNS) @entity3 , including leptomeningeal @entity3 (LM). To achieve longer survival, control of CNS @entity3 is important, but therapeutic options are limited for LM after failure of standard-dose @entity470 -TKIs. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of high-dose @entity3866 in @entity470 -mutant @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 with refractory LM after failure of standard-dose @entity470 -TKIs. Survivals from diagnosis of LM to death were compared in @entity1 with or without high-dose @entity3866 . RESULTS: Between January 2007 and April 2013, we identified 35 @entity1 with @entity470 -mutant @entity1149 , complicated with LM, and 12 underwent high-dose @entity3866 , while the other 23 received only standard-dose @entity470 -TKIs. In @entity1 receiving high-dose @entity3866 , magnetic resonance imaging response was confirmed in 3 (30  %) of 10 evaluable @entity1 . Median time to CNS progression was 2.3  months (95  % confidence interval [CI] 1.8-5.5  months). Performance status and @entity16 improved in 4 (33  %) of 12 and 6 (50  %) of 12 @entity1 , respectively. No severe adverse events (>= grade 3) associated with high-dose @entity3866 were observed. Median survival time from diagnosis of LM in @entity1 with high-dose @entity3866 was 6.2  months (95  % CI 2.5-8.5  months), and in those without 5.9  months (95  % CI 1.3-7.8  months) (p  =  0.94). CONCLUSION: High-dose @entity3866 suggested its efficacy and safety in some @entity1 with refractory LM. It represents a potential therapeutic option against LM after failure of standard-dose @entity470 -TKIs, especially to palliate LM-related @entity16 .

title: High-dose XXXX for refractory leptomeningeal @entity3 after failure of standard-dose @entity470 -TKIs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['erlotinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 @entity1 with peritoneal dissemination have an extremely poor prognosis. Attempting to improve regional control and decrease the risk of complications related to hyperthermic chemotherapy, we applied a new treatment modality using a combination of gastrectomy with postoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermo-chemotherapy (PIHC) using Thermotron RF-8. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of PIHC in advanced @entity356 @entity1 with peritoneal seeding. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between March 2002 and April 2006, 20 @entity356 @entity1 with peritoneal dissemination were allocated to two groups in the @entity1 's selection. The PIHC group (10 @entity1 ) received a 60-min PIHC with a @entity900 dose of 80 mg/m2 two weeks after surgery, and the control group (10 @entity1 ) received surgery alone. Thermotron RF-8 is a heating device that can raise temperatures in both @entity5 using 8 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves as a source of heat. RESULTS: No @entity1 in either group had life-threatening complications. The most frequent nonhaematologic @entity137 (grade 3) was @entity390 . The one-, two-, and three-year cumulative survival rates for the PIHC group were 60%, 48%, and 36%, respectively, whereas those for the control group were 40%, 10%, and 0%, respectively. The survival rates for the PIHC group were significantly higher than those for the control group. CONCLUSION: Although this study was conducted non-randomly with a small number of @entity1 , the PIHC group had a higher survival rate and better prognosis compared with the control group.

title: Feasibility study of postoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermochemotherapy by radiofrequency capacitive heating system for advanced XXXX with peritoneal seeding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['superficial and deep-seated tumours']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'Gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']