abstract: Circulating hyaluronan is mostly derived from lymph, fibroblast and Ito cells in the liver, and more than 90% of hyaluronan is degraded in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. Thus, elevated serum hyaluronan is regarded as an indication of @entity1575 with activated Ito cells and dysfunctional sinusoidal endothelial cells. We studied the distribution of hyaluronan in @entity1 liver sinusoids to determine the influences on elevated hyaluronan levels in sera. Histochemical examination was made using hyaluronan-binding protein ( @entity8274 ) and serial sections of liver tissue for staining of @entity1970 ( @entity1970 ) (an indicator of activated Ito cells) and of ulex europaeus agglutinin I lectin (UEA-1) (closely related to @entity99 ). Positive staining, indicating the presence of hyaluronan, was noted in fibrous regions around the portal tracts, areas of focal @entity39 in the @entity409 , and walls of the sinusoids in @entity3619 . In this group, hyaluronan-positive areas corresponded to positive @entity1970 staining and faint staining of UEA-1. On the contrary, in @entity1575 , UEA-1-positive areas were essentially identical to hyaluronan-positive areas and to @entity1970 -negative areas in sinusoidal walls. Hyaluronan and @entity1970 could be detected in the same areas of sinusoidal walls in @entity3619 , but not in @entity1575 . Hyaluronan appears to be mainly related to the staining of activated Ito cells in @entity3619 . Therefore, we concluded that in @entity3619 , the production of hyaluronan was accelerated in Ito cells; however, degradation of hyaluronan by sinusoidal endothelial cells continued. On the contrary, in @entity1575 , hyaluronan production decreased in Ito cells, and a marked transformation of sinusoidal endothelial cells with @entity99 indicated loss of the ability to degrade hyaluronan. These different mechanisms in @entity3619 and @entity1575 may operate in the sinusoidal walls and may cause the elevation of hyaluronan in sera.

title: Localization of hyaluronan in XXXX liver sinusoids: a histochemical study using hyaluronan-binding protein.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity1970 :: ('58', 'Gene') :: ['ASMA', 'alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis', 'hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic sinusoidal capillarization']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This phase I study was carried out to evaluate the optimal dose of @entity2903 in combination with @entity3003 and @entity1311 in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 . @entity1 with advanced @entity320 or @entity151 that could benefit from the combination of @entity3003 and @entity1311 were eligible. A standard 3+3 @entity1 cohort dose escalation design was used. @entity1311 and @entity3003 were administered at fixed doses of 175 mg/m on day 1 and an area under the curve of 5, respectively. @entity2903 was administered at a dose of 75 mg/m/day from days 2-6 and subsequent cohorts were dose escalated by 25 mg/m increments. Cycles were repeated every 28 days. The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of this combination. Fourteen @entity1 were enrolled and 12 @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and response (six with @entity320 and six with @entity151 ). The maximum tolerated dose of @entity2903 was 125 mg/m, with fixed doses of @entity3003 and @entity1311 . There were no treatment delays nor dose reductions at this level. There were two partial responses and two @entity1 with stable disease in the @entity320 group. Four @entity1 had a partial response, and one had stable disease in the @entity151 group. There were sustained responses in three of the four @entity1 with @entity320 who achieved a clinical benefit. In conclusion, the combination of @entity3003 , @entity1311 , and @entity2903 is well tolerated and warrants further study.

title: Phase I dose finding study of @entity3003 , @entity1311 , and @entity2903 in advanced solid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide', 'temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Almost all @entity1 treated with opioids suffer from @entity1142 . Numerous laxatives are used to overcome the problem, but none has yet been found to yield favourable results in all @entity1 . Several studies have attempted to reverse opioid-induced @entity1142 by the use of oral @entity1510 . Experiments carried out in @entity35 showed that @entity1286 -induced @entity1142 is reduced by oral @entity1510 without impairment of antinociception [4]. However, evaluation of clinical studies reveals that there is uncertainty about the dosage regimen (the daily dose of @entity1510 ranged from 0.5% to about 60% that of @entity1286 ) and a lack of larger numbers of @entity1 studied. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 suffering from opioid-induced @entity1142 participated in the present study. Constipation had been present for 5 to 14 days despite the use of laxatives. According to the results obtained in the animal experiments [4], it was originally planned to administer oral @entity1510 at a dose ratio of 1:1 with respect to @entity1286 on day 1 and 2; reducing it on day 3 and 4 to one-half and then to one-fourth of the initial dose on day 5 and 6. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 experienced a strong laxative effect with spontaneous bowel evacuation 1 to 4 h after the first intake of oral @entity1510 . Three @entity1 had no laxative effects even after repeated doses. Eleven of the 15 @entity1 reported an average loss of 10%-15% of @entity1337 after oral @entity1510 as measured by visual analogue scales. Increasing the @entity1286 dose by about 15% restored the previous level of @entity1337 without reappearance of @entity1142 . Eight of the 12 @entity1 having a laxative effect experienced abdominal cramps, and therefore, the total dose of @entity1510 was reduced on day 2 to 2%-15% of that originally planned; this dose still produced a laxative effect. Four of the 15 @entity1 had a @entity3347 . A single dose of @entity1286 equivalent to their daily @entity1286 intake abolished the symptoms. DISCUSSION: The medical history of the 3 @entity1 in whom @entity1510 failed to abolish @entity1142 revealed @entity16 . Treatment of these @entity1 included the use of neuroleptics, antiemetics, and other drugs. In this context, it should be noted that oral @entity1510 can be expected to abolish only opioid-induced @entity1142 . In conclusion, it was found that the treatment of opioid-induced @entity1142 by administration of oral @entity1510 produced positive results. A controlled study will show, whether the side effects can be minimized by reducing the @entity1510 dose.

title: [Treament of XXXX -induced @entity1142 with oral @entity1510 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: Predictors of @entity855 efficacy in brady/tachy @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Recent options to treat @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) include implantable devices delivering antitachycardia pacing therapies ( @entity855 ). No prospective study selected @entity1 with higher chances of episode termination by @entity855 or indicated the most effective @entity855 use. Our aim was to study @entity855 efficacy in @entity1 with brady-tachy form of @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ), identifying clinical factors, @entity4710 characteristics, and device features predicting @entity855 efficacy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three hundred and sixteen @entity1 (105 M, aged 71.1+/-8.8 years) received a DDDRP pacemaker and were prospectively followed. Median follow-up was 18 months: 37,125 @entity4710 episodes occurred in 217 @entity1 ; @entity855 treated 5,536 of them. Overall, @entity855 efficacy was 50.0%. A multivariate analysis identified longer @entity943 cycle lengths (OR=1.25; CI=1.07-1.47) and shorter delays to @entity855 delivery (OR=0.15; CI=0.10-0.22) as independent predictors of @entity855 efficacy for episodes preceded by >or=5 minutes of sinus rhythm. Additionally, @entity855 efficacy for all treated episodes was predicted by lower New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (OR=0.64; CI=0.42-0.98), episode classification as nonimmediate recurrence of @entity4710 (non-IRAT) (OR=0.07; CI=0.02-0.33), absence of overlap in the device detection windows (OR=0.54; CI=0.32-0.91), and @entity6237 treatment (OR=2.22; CI=1.04-4.71). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 paced for @entity1817 , multivariate analysis shows that @entity855 efficacy is associated to longer @entity943 cycle lengths, shorter @entity855 delivery delays, NYHA class I, episode classification as non-IRAT, absence of overlap in the @entity943 device detection windows, and @entity6237 treatment.

title: Predictors of atrial antitachycardia pacing efficacy in @entity1 affected by brady-tachy form of XXXX and implanted with a DDDRP device.

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['SND', 'sinus node disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['ATA', 'atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1817 :: (MESH:D012804,Disease) :: ['sick sinus syndrome']


abstract: Chromosome 9p21 contains a susceptibility gene for cutaneous @entity320 . Recent studies suggest that the gene responsible may be CDK41, since it encodes a putative cell cycle inhibitor, @entity986 , and is frequently lost or rearranged in @entity320 cell lines. In this study we examined whether germline alterations in CDK41 could be identified in @entity1 with @entity320 of the uveal tract. From an archive of bloods collected from @entity1 with @entity2184 , we identified 13 samples drawn from @entity1 with a history in a family member of uveal (n = 6) or cutaneous (n = 7) @entity320 . An additional 24 'control' bloods (without @entity320 or any other @entity5 in a family member), similar to the 'cases' in age and number of first-degree relatives, were also selected for study. For each sample, DNA was extracted from the red blood cell fraction. Using the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism method, we screened for alterations in @entity986 . Specific changes were characterized by DNA sequencing. Six @entity377 changes were detected in five (13.5%) of the 37 samples examined. An altered gene was found in one (7.7%) of the 13 @entity1 with a family history (of @entity320 ) and four (16.7%) of the 24 @entity1 with no family history (P = 0.64) of @entity320 . In this series the group with a positive family history was predominantly female and most pedigrees involved matrilineal descent. In these data prevalence of germline alteration in @entity986 was similar in familial and sporadic cases. The results provide evidence against a significant role for @entity986 in familial clustering of intra-ocular and cutaneous @entity320 .

title: Constitutional alterations in XXXX in @entity1 with @entity2184 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary malignancy']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'intra-ocular melanoma']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated operative success rates of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with or without bicanalicular @entity1346 tube implantation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-six eyes of 24 @entity1 with @entity9467 (23 eyes) or chronic @entity4578 (3 eyes) were treated by endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with (18 eyes) or without (8 eyes) bicanalicular @entity1346 tube implantation. In the implantation group, one @entity1 underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and two @entity1 underwent submucosal resection. The @entity1346 tubes were removed after a mean of 4.48 months (range 7 days to 6 months). The mean follow-up period was 12.4 months. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, no significant differences were found between the two treatment groups with respect to the occurrence of @entity9467 . It disappeared in 17 eyes (94.5%) and in six eyes (75%) with or without @entity1346 tube implantation, respectively. Operative success rates were significantly different between @entity1 with @entity9467 (95.7%) and chronic @entity4578 (33.3%). The only complication was a @entity16 seen in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The lack of a significantly high influence on the success rate, increased operative cost, and the risk for complications due to @entity1346 tube insertions may be considered disadvantages of bicanalicular @entity1346 tube implantation.

title: [The effect of bicanalicular XXXX tube implantation on the success rate of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['punctual damage']

entities_list: @entity9467 :: ('MESH:D007766', 'Disease') :: ['epiphora', 'simple epiphora']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity4578 :: ('MESH:D003607', 'Disease') :: ['dacryocystitis']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: CONTEXT: Despite the growing popularity of qigong in the West, few well-controlled studies using a sham master to assess the clinical efficacy of qigong have been conducted. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of qigong on treatment-resistant @entity1 with late-stage complex regional @entity158 . DESIGN: Block-random placebo-controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Pain Management Center at New Jersey Medical School. @entity1 : 26 adult @entity1 (aged 18 to 65 years) with complex regional @entity158 . INTERVENTIONS: The experimental group received qi emission and qigong instruction (including home exercise) by a qigong master. The control group received a similar set of instructions by a sham master. The experimental protocol included 6 forty-minute qigong sessions over 3 weeks, with reevaluation at 6 and 10 weeks. Assessment included comprehensive medical history, physical exam, psychological evaluation, necessary diagnostic testing. Symptom Check List 90, and the Carleton University Responsiveness to Suggestion Scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Thermography, swelling, discoloration, @entity2057 , range of motion, @entity158 intensity rating, medication usage, behavior assessment (activity level and @entity717 ), frequency of @entity158 awakening, mood assessment, and @entity148 assessment. RESULTS: 22 subjects completed the protocol. Among the genuine qigong group, 82% reported less @entity158 by the end of the first training session compared to 45% of control @entity1 . By the last training session, 91% of qigong @entity1 reported @entity1337 compared to 36% of control @entity1 . @entity148 was reduced in both groups over time, but the reduction was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Using a credible placebo to control for nonspecific treatment effects, qigong training was found to result in transient @entity158 reduction and long-term @entity148 reduction. The positive findings were not related to preexperimental differences between groups in hypnotizability. Future studies of qigong should control for possible confounding influences and perhaps use clinical disorders more responsive to psychological intervention.

title: Effects of qigong on late-stage complex regional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain syndrome type I', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['domestic disability']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left ventricular remodeling after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) involves the @entity1184 growth of cardiomyocytes and the accumulation of fibrillar collagen in the interstitial space. We evaluated the role of kinins in @entity5707 and their potential contribution to the antiremodeling effects of @entity1811 inhibition and @entity11154 blockade. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity35 underwent coronary artery ligation followed by chronic B2 kinin receptor blockade with icatibant. Additional groups of infarcted @entity35 were treated with the @entity1811 inhibitor @entity3593 or the AT1 receptor antagonist @entity21982 , each separately and in combination with icatibant. B2 kinin receptor blockade enhanced the interstitial deposition of collagen after @entity583 , whereas morphological and molecular markers of cardiomyocyte @entity1184 (cardiac weight, myocyte cross-sectional area, prepro-atrial natriuretic factor mRNA expression) were not affected. Chronic @entity1811 inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade reduced collagen deposition and cardiomyocyte @entity1184 after @entity583 . The inhibitory action of @entity1811 inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade on interstitial collagen was partially reversed by B2 kinin receptor blockade. However, B2 kinin receptor blockade did not attenuate the effects of @entity1811 inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade on cardiomyocyte @entity1184 . CONCLUSIONS: (1) Kinins inhibit the interstitial accumulation of collagen but do not modulate cardiomyocyte @entity1184 after @entity583 . (2) Kinins contribute to the reduction of myocardial collagen accumulation by @entity1811 inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade. (3) The effects of @entity1811 inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade on cardiomyocyte @entity1184 are related to a reduced generation/receptor blockade of @entity1808 .

title: Differential effects of kinins on cardiomyocyte @entity1184 and interstitial collagen matrix in the surviving myocardium after XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['postinfarction ventricular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report initial mortality findings from the @entity320 ( @entity320 ) randomized clinical trial of pre-enucleation radiation of large @entity320 . METHODS: @entity1 were evaluated for eligibility at one of 43 participating centers in the United States and Canada. Eligible consenting @entity1 were assigned randomly at the time of enrollment to standard enucleation or to external radiation of the orbit and globe prior to enucleation. Eligibility was confirmed at the @entity320 Coordinating Center, Echography Center, and Photograph Reading Center. Adherence to the radiotherapy protocol was monitored at the Radiological Physics Center. The diagnosis of @entity320 was confirmed following enucleation by a three-member Pathology Review Committee. @entity1 accrual began in November 1986 and was completed in December 1994; 1,003 @entity1 enrolled. @entity1 have been followed at annual clinical examinations. Cause of @entity204 was coded by a Mortality Coding Committee whose members were not involved in the care of @entity320 @entity1 ; the clinical trial was monitored by an independent Data and Safety Monitoring Committee. RESULTS: A total of 1,003 @entity1 were enrolled; 506 were assigned to enucleation alone and 497 to pre-enucleation radiation. Treatment groups were well balanced on baseline characteristics. Only nine @entity1 were found to be ineligible after enrollment, seven in the interval between randomization and enucleation and two after enucleation based on histopathology. All but nine @entity1 were treated as assigned; in only six of 491 eyes treated with pre-enucleation radiation was there a major deviation from the radiotherapy protocol. With 5-year outcome known for 801 @entity1 enrolled (80%), the estimated 5-year survival rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 57% (95% CI, 52% to 62%) for enucleation alone and 62% (95% CI, 57% to 66%) for pre-enucleation radiation. Among the baseline covariates evaluated, only age and longest basal diameter of the @entity320 affected the prognosis for survival to a statistically significant degree. The risk of @entity204 among @entity1 treated with pre-enucleation radiation relative to those treated with enucleation alone after adjustment for baseline characteristics of @entity1 , eyes, and @entity5 was 1.03 (95% CI, 0.85 to 1.25). Of 435 deaths classified by the Mortality Coding Committee, 269 @entity1 had histologically confirmed @entity320 metastases at the time of @entity204 . Estimated 5-year survival rates for this secondary outcome were 72% (95% CI, 68% to 76%) for enucleation alone and 74% (95% CI, 69% to 78%) for pre-enucleation radiation. CONCLUSIONS: No survival difference attributable to pre-enucleation radiation of large @entity320 , using the @entity320 fractionation schedule, has been demonstrated to date in this randomized trial. The trial had statistical power of 90% to detect a relative difference in mortality rates between the two treatment arms of 20% or larger. A smaller difference is possible, but a clinically meaningful difference in mortality rates, whether from all causes or from @entity320 , is unlikely.

title: The @entity320 ( @entity320 ) randomized trial of pre-enucleation radiation of large XXXX II: initial mortality findings. @entity320 report no. 10.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study', 'metastatic melanoma', 'choroidal melanoma', 'COMS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroidal melanoma']


abstract: Recent evidence suggests that 0.1% @entity1140 ointment is an effective treatment of @entity483 . @entity1140 is an immunosuppressive agent that interferes with cell-mediated immunity. We have observed 2 cases of @entity23923 among 36 @entity1 with @entity483 treated with a topical preparation containing 0.1% @entity1140 . A 29-year-old male @entity1 developed generalized herpetic lesions on his face on the 4th day of treatment. His SCORAD was then 73, and the @entity1140 blood level was 7.5 ng/ml. A 23-year-old @entity1 developed disseminated herpetic lesions on her neck, face, shoulders and legs during the 9th week of treatment. Her SCORAD was then 41, @entity1140 blood levels were <3 ng/ml 2 weeks before the infection. Herpes simplex virus type 1 antigens were identified in several lesions by direct immunofluorescence in both @entity1 . Neither @entity1 recalled previous episodes of cold sores. The lesions resolved quickly under intravenous @entity1033 treatment but resulted in important facial scarring in the male @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity23923 is a well-known complication of @entity483 . Available data do not allow to link topical @entity1140 with an increased risk for @entity23923 , but they are insufficient to exclude an association. Future studies and careful documentation of cases are needed in order to better characterize @entity1 at risk.

title: XXXX during treatment of @entity483 with 0.1% @entity1140 ointment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity23923 :: ('MESH:D007617', 'Disease') :: ['Eczema herpeticum', 'eczema herpeticum']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

answer: @entity23923 :: (MESH:D007617,Disease) :: ['Eczema herpeticum']


abstract: Summer hibernation in ground squirrels (Citellus tridecemlineatus) can be induced by intravenous injection of @entity1562 ( @entity1562 ) from winter bear plasma or its albumin fraction. In this study, we show that bear @entity1562 depresses electrically-induced contraction of the @entity840 ileum myenteric @entity121 , and that @entity1510 , at 100, 1,000, or even 4,000 nM, fails to reverse that effect. In a simultaneous study, four sets of ground squirrels were implanted with osmotic minipumps which delivered solutions at a controlled and continuous rate. Two of the groups had pumps delivering @entity1510 at 1 mg/kg body weight per hour. The other two groups had saline-filled pumps (controls). One set of squirrels from each of the saline- and @entity1510 -filled pump groups were then injected intravenously with winter bear plasma. The remaining two groups of squirrels were injected with winter bear albumin fraction. Hibernation frequency was determined by measurements of core temperature (from surgically-implanted radio capsules), respiratory rate, and bouts of activity. Squirrels with saline-filled pumps hibernated four times more frequently than the @entity1510 groups. To confirm these findings, three squirrels from each @entity1510 group were reinjected with bear @entity1562 after removal of the pumps. These six squirrels then hibernated over four times their previous frequency. Results suggest that bear @entity1562 is not itself an opioid (since @entity1510 did not reverse bear @entity308 of electrically-induced contraction of @entity840 ileum). The fact that bear @entity1562 's effect of inducing summer hibernation in ground squirrels is effectively blocked in vivo by @entity1510 leads to the speculation that @entity1562 may be either a precursor of endogenous opioids or a potent releaser of them, which, in turn, induce hibernation.

title: Opioids and hibernation. I. Effects of @entity1510 on bear @entity308 of XXXX ileum contractility and on induction of summer hibernation in the ground squirrel.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ["HIT's depression"]

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['HIT', 'hibernation-induction trigger']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: The debris generated during arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction may be seen on postoperative radiographs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, effects, and natural history of @entity7334 following ACL reconstruction. This retrospective review included 99 ACL reconstructed knees in 96 @entity1 . Radiographically visible debris was present in 63% of knees (bone in 59% and metal in 4%), and 37% of knees had no visible debris. Bone was most commonly seen in the posterior compartment (95%), and metal within the intercondylar notch. There were no differences in the incidence of debris between reaming techniques, single and dual incision techniques, or between graft types. @entity1702 was always associated with retrograde reaming. @entity2402 was noted in 71% (3 to 6 months). Of the 25% of knees that showed persistent @entity79 , in 79% it had decreased in size. There was no change in the appearance of metal debris (4%). No @entity1 experienced mechanical symptoms directly related to debris. No secondary surgeries for debridement of debris or @entity12458 were required. Bone debris produced during arthroscopic ACL reconstruction appears clinically benign, and is likely to disappear by 6 months. Long-term effects are unknown. @entity1702 is persistent, but not problematic over the short-term.

title: The fate of XXXX following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['Complete disappearance of bone debris']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['Metal debris']

entities_list: @entity12458 :: ('MESH:D007594', 'Disease') :: ['loose body removal']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone debris']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular debris']

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['intra-articular debris']


abstract: Endothelin (ET), the most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor with mitogenic potency, is generated from its precursor big-endothelin (BET) in a proteolytic process and discussed as a pathogenetic factor in @entity453 and in the @entity1187 . Several studies documented elevated plasma endothelin concentrations in @entity583 , but conflicting results were reported in @entity1 with stable and @entity1459 . Only few studies determined big endothelin, although it half-life and plasma concentrations are higher in comparison to endothelin. ET and BET levels (Radioimmunoassay, Biomedica GmbH, Vienna) were determined in @entity1 with @entity5749 ( @entity13551 , n = 20), @entity1459 (IAP, n = 12), @entity583 ( @entity583 , n = 12) and healthy subjects (NP, n = 11). The concentrations of ET and BET (median (minimum-maximum) in fmol/ml) of the @entity1 with @entity5749 ( @entity13551 : ET 0.7 (0.3-1.1); BET 1.7 (0.7-2.9)), @entity1459 (IAP: ET 1.0(0.5-1.7); BET 2.5 (1.3-4.1)) and @entity583 ( @entity583 : ET 1.2 (0.6-2.3); BET 3.6 (3.2-5.3)) showed a significant difference compared to controls (NP: ET 0.5 (0.4-0.7); BET 1.4 (1.1-1.7)) ( @entity13551 vs. NP: ET p < 0.01; BET p < 0.05; IAP and @entity583 vs. NP: ET and BET p < 0.001). Also, the concentrations of the peptides differed significantly dependent on the clinical severity of @entity453 ( @entity583 vs. @entity13551 : ET and BET p < 0.001; @entity583 vs. IAP: BET p < 0.05; IAP vs. @entity13551 : ET p < 0.05; BET p < 0.01). Twelve of 15 @entity1 with big endothelin concentrations over 3 fmol/ml suffered @entity583 . Seven of 12 @entity1 with @entity583 showed elevated ET and BET concentrations before the increase of creatinecinase. There was no correlation between number of risk factors per @entity1 , cholesterin and subfractions, severity of CAD classified in one-two-three-vessel disease or coronary score according to modified criteria of the @entity299 ( @entity299 ). We conclude that in @entity1 with @entity453 endothelin and big endothelin levels are elevated and related to the clinical and not to the morphological severity of @entity453 . Big endothelin is the more sensitive parameter in comparison to endothelin and indicates a severe course of @entity741 in @entity1 with @entity1459 . The development of assays with the possibility of a quick determination of the peptides may be valuable for risk stratification of acute coronary events.

title: [Endothelin and big endothelin in coronary heart disease and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['American Heart Association', 'AHA']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: AIM: To elucidate the mechanisms of hepatocyte preconditioning by @entity5568 to better understand the pathophysiology of @entity63 preconditioning. METHODS: The in vitro effect of @entity5568 pretreatment was investigated in @entity35 isolated hepatocytes subjected to @entity519 /reoxygenation. Cell viability was assessed with @entity2667 fluorometry. In other experiments, @entity35 livers were excised and subjected to @entity63 /reperfusion in an isolated perfused liver system to determine leakage of liver enzymes. Preconditioning was performed by @entity5568 perfusion, or by stopping the perfusion for 10 min followed by 10 min of reperfusion. To inhibit Kupffer cell function or reduced @entity1110 ( @entity1110 ) oxidase, @entity2545 was injected prior to liver excision, or @entity3056 , an inhibitor of @entity1110 oxidase, was added to the perfusate, respectively. Histological detection of @entity26 radical formation in Kupffer cells was performed by perfusion with @entity2387 . RESULTS: @entity519 /reoxygenation decreased hepatocyte viability compared to the controls. Pretreatment with @entity5568 did not improve such hepatocyte injury. In liver perfusion experiments, however, @entity5568 preconditioning reduced @entity63 /reperfusion injury, which was reversed by inhibition of Kupffer cell function or @entity1110 oxidase. Histological examination revealed that @entity5568 preconditioning induced @entity26 radical formation in Kupffer cells. @entity1110 oxidase inhibition also reversed hepatoprotection by @entity63 preconditioning. CONCLUSION: @entity5568 preconditioning protects hepatocytes against @entity63 /reperfusion injury via @entity1110 oxidase in Kupffer cells, and not directly. @entity1110 oxidase also mediates hepatoprotection by @entity63 preconditioning.

title: Induction of XXXX tolerance in @entity35 liver via reduced @entity1110 oxidase in Kupffer cells.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['warm ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2387 :: ('MESH:D009580', 'Chemical') :: ['nitro blue tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'NADPH']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'Anoxia']

entities_list: @entity2545 :: ('MESH:C038958', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3056 :: ('MESH:C007517', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenyleneiodonium']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to assess the long-term outcome of @entity1 with inflammatory @entity1028 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: over a fifteen-year period 598 cases of @entity1028 were treated and, of these, 32 cases (5.3%) were inflammatory in nature. The diagnosis was made on preoperative (CT) computed tomography in fifteen cases. Twenty-six @entity1 were symptomatic on presentation and ten cases were repaired on an emergency basis. Only six were repaired electively. The transabdominal transaortic approach without dissection on the nearby adherent structures was used routinely. RESULTS: there was one postoperative death from a @entity1576 leading to a thirty-day mortality of 3.1%. Early graft @entity715 occurred in three cases (9.3%) and all underwent successful thrombectomy. @entity694 was encountered in one @entity1 who later developed an aortoenteric @entity292 . Two @entity1 suffered a non-fatal @entity583 postoperatively leading to an overall morbidity of 18.7%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with inflammatory @entity449 fare worse than @entity1 with @entity449 in general. Preoperative suspicion assists in planning surgery. We believe that the transperitoneal approach with an anterolateral aortotomy and minimal dissection of adherent structures offers excellent results in dealing with this difficult group of @entity1 .

title: Fifteen-year experience of transperitoneal management of inflammatory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity260 and @entity73 are common in elderly surgical @entity1 after non-cardiac surgery. Despite this prevalence and clinical importance, no specific aetiological factor has been identified for @entity260 and @entity73 . In experimental setting in a @entity35 model, @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) produces @entity2359 effect at high concentrations and in an age-dependent manner. Whether this @entity2359 response may be observed clinically has not been previously determined. We hypothesized that in the elderly @entity1 undergoing non-cardiac surgery, exposure to @entity3727 resulted in an increased incidence of @entity260 than would be expected for @entity1 not receiving @entity3727 . METHODS: @entity1 who were >or=65 yr of age, undergoing non-cardiac surgery and requiring general anaesthesia were randomized to receive an inhalational agent and either @entity3727 with @entity26 or @entity26 alone. A structured interview was conducted before operation and for the first two postoperative days to determine the presence of @entity933 using the Confusion Assessment Method. RESULTS: A total of 228 @entity1 were studied with a mean (range) age of 73.9 (65-95) yr. After operation, 43.8% of @entity1 developed @entity933 . By multivariate logistic regression, age [odds ratio (OR) 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.26], dependence on performing one or more independent activities of daily living (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.01-2.35), use of @entity1 -controlled analgesia for @entity282 control (OR 3.75; 95% CI 1.27-11.01) and postoperative use of @entity1245 (OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.21-4.36) were independently associated with an increased risk for @entity260 . In contrast, the use of @entity3727 had no association with @entity260 . CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to @entity3727 resulted in an equal incidence of @entity260 when compared with no exposure to @entity3727 .

title: @entity3810 does not change the incidence of @entity260 or XXXX in elderly surgical @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative delirium', 'Postoperative delirium']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes between the LigaSure vessel sealing system and the conventional closed @entity12577 procedure performed by diathermy. METHODS: A series of 84 @entity1 with grades III and IV @entity6713 were randomized into two groups: (1) LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy with submucosal dissection (42 @entity1 ) and (2) @entity12577 (42 @entity1 ). The @entity1 demographics, operative details, parenteral analgesic requirement, @entity282 score (assessed by an independent assessor), operating time, intraoperative @entity190 , hospital stay, early and delayed complications, and time off from work or normal activity were recorded. The @entity1 were regularly followed up at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, duration of symptoms, grade of the @entity6713 (s), or number of @entity6713 resected. The mean operating time for LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy with submucosal dissection was significantly shorter than that for the @entity12577 (11.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 34.2 +/- 0.7 minutes; P < 0.0001). @entity1 treated with the LigaSure method had significantly less @entity190 (P < 0.0001), a better @entity158 score (P < 0.0001), less parenteral analgesic requirement (P < 0.0001), shorter hospital stay (P < 0.0001), and less time off from work or normal activity (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in the early and delayed @entity260 between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy with submucosal dissection is a safe, effective procedure for grade III and IV @entity6713 . @entity1 derive greater short-term benefits: reduced intraoperative @entity190 , operating time, and @entity282 as well as earlier resumption of work or normal activity. Long-term follow-up with a larger number of @entity1 is required to confirm the long-term results of this procedure.

title: Randomized controlled trial of LigaSure with submucosal dissection versus XXXX for @entity6713 .

entities_list: @entity12577 :: ('MESH:C536150', 'Disease') :: ['Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids', 'hemorrhoid']

answer: @entity12577 :: (MESH:C536150,Disease) :: ['Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy']


abstract: The pathophysiology of @entity910 and @entity4790 involve disruption of the motor basal ganglia circuit. This circuit begins with cortical output to the striatum, followed by projections from striatum to pallidum, pallidum to thalamus, and finally thalamus to cortex. Abnormal thalamic output to the frontal cortex, particularly the supplementary motor cortex, is responsible for @entity4790 and @entity910 . The substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus are also important parts of this circuit. Chemical or pathological changes in these nuclei that lead to reduced thalamic outflow to the cortex are associated with @entity304 . @entity74 affect the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection. The overall consequence of loss of nigrostriatal @entity935 is a loss of inhibitory input to the striatum. This feeds through the circuit resulting in reduced thalamic outflow. Local factors that may affect symptoms are the degree of @entity935 loss, the involvement of ventral or dorsal parts of substantia nigra, effect on direct and indirect pallidal pathways, topographical representation of the body in the striatum, and the presence of parallel basal ganglia circuits serving cognition and mood. Ageing, @entity6372 , @entity18404 and @entity191 have different effects on the nigrostriatal tract. In @entity191 the speed and regional variation in nigrostriatal @entity935 loss are associated with a significant pre-symptomatic period, steady rate of progression and a particular topography of L-dopa @entity910 .

title: Functional neuropathology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias', 'akinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['dopa-responsive dystonia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Most disorders']

entities_list: @entity18404 :: ('MESH:C567730', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile dystonia-Parkinson syndrome']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Retrospectively, to assess the @entity137 of delivering postoperative extended-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (EF-IMRT) and concurrent @entity900 chemotherapy for @entity1 with @entity5 with a pathologically confirmed positive common iliac node and/or a para-aortic node. METHODS: Each @entity1 received postoperative EF-IMRT and concurrent @entity900 chemotherapy. The clinical target volume included regional lymph node regions (obturator; common, internal, and external iliac nodal regions; presacral region; and para-aortic regions) and the upper 2.0 cm of the vagina and paravaginal soft tissue lateral to the vagina. The acute and late @entity137 were scored using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group late radiation morbidity scoring criteria, respectively. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 were treated with postoperative EF-IMRT and concurrent @entity900 chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 34 months. Eighteen @entity1 (31%) had recurrence. The region of recurrence was in-field in 2 @entity1 (3.4%) and out-field in 16 @entity1 (27.6%). Acute grade 3 or higher gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and hematologic @entity137 occurred in 2, 1, and 11 @entity1 , respectively. Three @entity1 (5.1%) had late grade 3 @entity137 . Thirteen @entity1 experienced ovarian transposition; of these, 10 @entity1 (77%) maintained ovarian function. Forty-one @entity1 (71%) were alive at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent @entity900 chemotherapy with postoperative EF-IMRT was safe and well tolerated. The acute and late @entity137 are acceptable. The locoregional control rates are hopeful, although distant @entity3 continue to be the primary mode of failure. Postoperative EF-IMRT provides an opportunity to preserve endocrine function for @entity1 with ovarian transposition.

title: Extended-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy and concurrent XXXX -based chemotherapy for @entity5 with common iliac or para-aortic lymph node @entity3 : a retrospective review in a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Bypass surgery in @entity432 can be technically demanding and hazardous due to huge @entity730 and/or @entity1 co-morbidities. We report about mid-term results of a telescoping sutureless aortic @entity254 technique using endografts as connectors to address such challenging situations. This is a single-center experience (2004-2011) in seven @entity1 (63    6 years) requiring aortoiliac (three) or aortofemoral (four) bypass surgery. In six cases, an aortic stent graft was telescoped into the infrarenal aorta and partly deployed within the aorta and partly outside the aorta. In the first case, a bifurcated stent graft was deployed and the iliac legs were prolonged extra-anatomically with surgical grafts to reach the femoral bifurcation. In the following five cases, a tapered tubular stent graft was deployed through the aortic wall, landing inside a bifurcated surgical graft that was extra-anatomically connected to the iliac or femoral arteries. In the last case, which presented a hostile abdomen and high-risk for extensive surgery, a similar technique was used, but on the iliac artery level. In that case, an iliac stent graft re-loaded 'upside down' was deployed through the left common iliac wall, landing distally inside a hand-made 10   10 mm bifurcated surgical graft that was extra-anatomically connected to the left external iliac artery and to the right femoral artery. The distal anastomoses on the seven cases were performed either with running sutures (ten) or with VORTEC (four). Telescoping aortic and/or iliac @entity254 was successful in all @entity1 . There was no perioperative mortality. One @entity1 developed postoperative hyperperfusion of the left leg and necessitated fasciotomy. During a mean follow-up of 1.8    2 years (minimum: 270 days, maximum: 7.1 years), all of the grafts remained patent and there was neither stent-graft migration nor stenosis on the level of the aortic or iliofemoral connection. One @entity1 showed disease progression and required percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on the external iliac artery during follow-up. The uneventful perioperative course in these seven @entity1 , with a follow-up of up to six years, underscores that this new technique can be considered in @entity1 with @entity432 and in whom clamping and/or @entity254 is expected to be cumbersome or impossible.

title: A clampless and sutureless aortic @entity254 technique using an endograft connector for XXXX in which the aorta cannot be clamped or sewn due to @entity730 or scarring.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac or aortofemoral occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['aortoiliac occlusive disease']


abstract: A monocenter observational study was conducted to determine the clinical and virological effects of @entity7076 added to highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in @entity791 -associated @entity7578 ( @entity7578 ). Exposure to other anti-viral drugs or late initiation of @entity7076 were exclusion criteria. Of the 53 consecutive @entity1 with virologically proven @entity7578 admitted at the NeuroAIDS Unit of Bic  tre Hospital between May 1996 and July 2000 and having received HAART with or without @entity7076 , 46 met the inclusion criteria. @entity7076 was initiated in most cases on compassionate grounds. The 22 @entity1 treated with HAART only (HAART group) were compared to the 24 @entity1 treated with HAART and @entity7076 ( @entity31338 group). Survival, neurological outcome assessed by the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), and monitoring of the @entity8315 (JCV) load in CSF were investigated prospectively. At baseline (date of initiation or intensification of HAART), both groups were similar regarding CD4 cell count, plasma @entity645 load, CSF JCV load, EDSS, and demographic features. Both groups had similar response to HAART in terms of plasma @entity645 load and CD4 cell count. At month 6, CSF-JCV load was below the detection level in 8 out of 24 (33%) @entity1 from the @entity31338 group and 7 out of 18 (39%) @entity1 from the HAART group (P = 0.71). One-year cumulative probability of being alive was 62% in the @entity31338 group and 53% in the HAART group (P = 0.72). However, an additional benefit with respect to survival was observed in @entity1 who were given @entity7076 after adjustment to the following baseline variables (CSF-JCV load, CD4 cell count, and EDSS). Despite the addition of @entity7076 to HAART, no significant benefit had been observed in neurological outcome, particularly in @entity1 with an early worsening.

title: XXXX in @entity791 -associated @entity7578 : a monocenter observational study with clinical and @entity8315 load monitoring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7076 :: ('MESH:C059262', 'Chemical') :: ['cidofovir', 'Cidofovir']

entities_list: @entity7578 :: ('MESH:D007968', 'Disease') :: ['progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy', 'PML']

answer: @entity7076 :: (MESH:C059262,Chemical) :: ['Cidofovir']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of abnormal vascular findings after renal biopsies as detected by color and pulsed Doppler sonography. METHODS: With both color and pulsed Doppler sonography, we examined 77 @entity1 who underwent a renal biopsy of a native kidney. The examination was carried out before and immediately after the biopsy. A follow-up sonographic assessment was performed 24 hours later. If abnormal vascular findings were detected, the @entity1 were reexamined after 2 weeks or even for a longer period. RESULTS: Tissue samples suitable for histologic diagnosis were obtained in 94% of the biopsies. In 17 of 77 @entity1 , changes were observed in the color and pulsed Doppler examination immediately after the biopsy. A small localized flow disturbance was diagnosed in 10 kidneys, and a color tract was seen in 7. In 1 case, this tract was associated with a small localized flow disturbance. In 2 other @entity1 , a localized flow disturbance was detected only in the examination performed 24 hours after the biopsy. Eight of the 10 flow disturbances diagnosed immediately after the biopsy and all tracts were not visible at the 24-hour follow-up examination. All these vascular findings were undetectable on sonographic examination without color and pulsed Doppler imaging. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that @entity455 , detectable with color and pulsed Doppler sonography, are not rare findings early after renal biopsies. These vascular findings show a high rate of spontaneous resolution within the first 24 hours.

title: Increased detection of early XXXX after renal biopsies by color Doppler sonography.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a broad-range 28S ribosomal DNA quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for detection of fungal DNA in @entity1641 endometrial samples. SAMPLE: 12 fungal samples from a clinical diagnostic laboratory and 29 samples obtained from 17 mares. PROCEDURES: The qPCR assay was optimized with commercially acquired fungal organisms and validated with samples obtained from the clinical diagnostic laboratory. Subsequently, 29 samples from 17 mares suspected of having @entity364 were evaluated via the qPCR assay and via traditional fungal culture and endometrial cytology. Amplicons from the qPCR assay were subjected to genetic sequencing to identify the organisms. RESULTS: The qPCR assay theoretically had a detection threshold of 2 organisms of @entity5132 . Fungal DNA was amplified from all 12 fungal samples from the commercial diagnostic laboratory. Fungal identification by use of genetic sequencing was successful for 34 of 36 amplicons from the 12 samples assayed. A fungal agent was identified via qPCR assay and genetic sequencing in all 12 samples; in contrast, a fungal agent was identified in only 8 of 12 samples via standard fungal culture and biochemical analysis. The qPCR assay detected fungal DNA in samples from 12 of 17 mares suspected of having @entity364 . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A rapid, sensitive, and repeatable qPCR assay was developed for detection of fungal DNA from @entity1641 endometrial samples. The qPCR may prove to be clinically useful as an adjunct to microbial culture and cytologic examination to provide identification of fungal organisms in a timely manner.

title: Development of a broad-range quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay to detect and identify fungal DNA in XXXX endometrial samples.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal endometritis']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sixty cases of axillary metastases from clinically occult @entity0 were analyzed. All cases had histologic evidence of metastatic nodes compatible with @entity0 . METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 underwent breast surgery at the time of histologic diagnosis of the axillary metastases, 6 @entity1 were treated with radiation therapy to the breast, and 17 @entity1 did not receive any immediate treatment of the @entity0 (9 of these subsequently had a primary @entity0 ) during the follow-up. Thirty-seven of 60 @entity1 underwent adjuvant therapy (29 underwent chemotherapy and 8 underwent @entity440 therapy). From the histologic point of view, the number of metastatic nodes was 1 in 13 @entity1 , 2 to 3 in 10 @entity1 , and 4 or more in 23 @entity1 ; the number of metastatic nodes was not evaluable in 14 cases. Invasion was extranodal in 92% of cases. Eighty-six percent of cases were histologically classified as Grade 3 according to Bloom and Richardson. RESULTS: The 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 77% and 58%, respectively. The comparison between the survival curves of the @entity1 treated with immediate surgery/radiation therapy and of the @entity1 whose cases were followed-up without treatment to the breast showed no difference. Adjuvant treatments did not improve prognoses. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of a minimal (or unidentifiable) @entity189 with an extensive involvement of axillary nodes and a predominance of the undifferentiated histologic type, together with an unexpectedly good prognosis, makes this type of presentation an interesting example of a dissociated host resistance.

title: XXXX presenting as axillary metastases without evidence of a primary tumor.

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast carcinoma']


abstract: In this multicenter, parallel, randomized, investigator-blind trial, we compared the safety and efficacy of a three-day regimen of 2% @entity56565 vaginal cream with those of a seven-day regimen of 2% @entity5897 vaginal cream. Enrolled were 271 nonpregnant @entity1 with @entity363 . Each @entity1 administered her assigned study medication to the posterior vaginal fornix for three or seven consecutive nights. All 271 @entity1 were included in the safety evaluation, and 225 (111 receiving @entity56565 and 114 receiving @entity5897 ) were included in the efficacy evaluation. Eight to ten days after treatment completion, 88% of the @entity56565 -treated @entity1 and 91% of the @entity5897 -treated @entity1 were Candida negative; 80% of the @entity56565 -treated @entity1 and 82% of the @entity5897 -treated @entity1 were considered clinically cured. Thirty days after treatment completion, 73% of the @entity56565 -treated @entity1 and 69% of the @entity5897 -treated @entity1 remained Candida negative; 78% of the @entity56565 -treated @entity1 and 80% of the @entity5897 -treated @entity1 remained free of clinical symptoms of @entity15231 . None of the differences between the two treatment groups was statistically significant. Six @entity1 (four receiving @entity56565 and two receiving @entity5897 ) reported increased symptoms of @entity146 , and three of them (two receiving @entity56565 and one receiving @entity5897 ) withdrew from the trial. Thus, the efficacy and safety of the three-day @entity56565 treatment regimen were equivalent to those of the seven-day @entity5897 treatment regimen. The advantage of the shorter @entity56565 treatment is increased @entity1 compliance with maintenance of high efficacy.

title: Comparison of three-day @entity56565 treatment with seven-day @entity5897 treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity363 :: ('MESH:D002181', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5897 :: ('MESH:D008825', 'Chemical') :: ['miconazole']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal irritation']

entities_list: @entity15231 :: ('MESH:D014848', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginitis']

entities_list: @entity56565 :: ('MESH:C017125', 'Chemical') :: ['butoconazole']

answer: @entity363 :: (MESH:D002181,Disease) :: ['vulvovaginal candidiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the development of a simple clinical smell test that can be applied in Jordan and its validation against one of the standard tests, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Test (UPSIT, Sensonics Inc, Haddon Heights, NJ). DESIGN: A prospective validation study of a locally designed smell test was done. SETTING: The study was conducted at the National Center for @entity6 in Amman, Jordan. @entity1 : Fifty subjects were recruited to participate in this study. Twenty-five were normal healthy individuals, and 25 were @entity1 with @entity12608 . INTERVENTION AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All 50 @entity1 underwent 2 tests, the UPSIT and the locally designed test (JOR test). The scores of all @entity1 in both tests were compared. Test-retest reliability was determined in the same 50 subjects. All @entity1 completed the study. RESULTS: Subjects who scored within normal limits on the UPSIT scored 8 to 10 on the JOR test, and @entity1 who were abnormal on the UPSIT scored between 0 and 5 on the JOR test. The correlation between the scores of both tests was almost perfect (r = 0.984, P = .000). When both tests were classified as normal and abnormal, there was a complete agreement (kappa statistic = 1). Both sensitivity and specificity were 100%. CONCLUSION: Given its highly significant correspondence to the UPSIT and the odor thresholds of Jordanians, our test proved valid and useful as a cross-cultural clinical test of olfactory function. In addition, it is an inexpensive, rapid test. Unfortunately, the data lacked @entity1 with moderate impairment of smell. Therefore, the new test may not be used to assess this category of @entity1 .

title: The standard clinical smell testing protocol of the National Center for XXXX , Endocrinology and Genetics in Amman, Jordan: JOR test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity12608 :: ('MESH:D017436', 'Disease') :: ['Kallmann syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity534 concentrations (the substrate for @entity842 synthesis) are lower in premature @entity1 in whom @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ) develops than in unaffected @entity1 . METHODS: We measured @entity369 and nutritional intake, plasma @entity369 , @entity1160 , total @entity1522 , and @entity3265 concentrations in 53 premature @entity1 (mean gestational age +/- SD: 27 +/- 1.7 weeks) at risk of @entity3166 . Measurements were done on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 and just before treatment in @entity1 with @entity3166 . RESULTS: @entity3166 developed in 11 @entity1 between postnatal days 1 and 26. On day 3, plasma @entity369 concentrations were decreased compared with normal published values (mean +/- SE, 41 mumol/L +/- 4). @entity369 concentrations increased with day of life of measurement (p < 0.001) and @entity369 intake (p < 0.001). Plasma @entity369 concentrations were significantly lower at the time of diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity3166 compared with control subjects, even after adjusting for @entity369 intake and day of life (p = 0.032). Plasma @entity1160 and total @entity535 concentrations were not significantly different in @entity1 with @entity3166 compared with control subjects. Plasma @entity3265 concentrations were elevated on day 3 (mean +/- SE, 72 +/- 3.3 mumol/L) and decreased with postnatal age (p < 0.001) and increasing plasma @entity369 concentrations (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Plasma @entity369 concentrations are decreased at the time of diagnosis in premature @entity1 with @entity3166 . The potential benefit of @entity369 supplementation in the prevention of the disease deserves evaluation.

title: Plasma @entity534 concentrations in premature XXXX with @entity3166 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['Necrotizing enterocolitis', 'NEC', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize antimicrobial resistance patterns to @entity4509 (AN) and @entity801 (GM) among Gram-negative bloodstream isolates and to determine the possible relationship between use of AN and GM and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance during a 6-year period. METHODS: Standard media and techniques of isolation and identification were used. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with the disk diffusion method and API rapid ATB E strips. Data on consumption of @entity581 were collected by the central hospital pharmacy and were expressed as daily defined doses. RESULTS: One thousand nine hundred and four bloodstream isolates were tested for AN and GM susceptibility between 1989 and 1994. Activities of AN and GM remained high during the study period against most isolates of Gram-negative bacteria. No relationship could be observed between the use of AN/GM and the rate of AN/GM resistance. Nosocomial Gram-negative bloodstream isolates showed a higher degree of resistance towards both AN (3.9% of @entity580 ) and GM (7.9%) than community-acquired isolates (1.8% toward AN and 3.1% towards GM, respectively). There was a significant increase (P=0.004) in the risk of GM resistance in @entity1 with nosocomial Gram-negative @entity2259 detected more than 14 days after admission. The proportion of GM-susceptible @entity796 isolates decreased linearly from 97% for @entity281 acquired between day 3 and day 10 following admission to 80% for @entity2259 developing 30 days or more after admission (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: AN and GM remain highly active antimicrobial drugs for treatment of GNB in times of growing resistance to @entity2886 and @entity2887 .

title: Resistance to @entity4509 and XXXX among Gram-negative bloodstream isolates in a university hospital between 1989 and 1994.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['all nosocomial isolates']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: The cyanobacterium @entity324 possesses an @entity3494 resistance operon that encodes, among others, an ArsH protein. ArsH is a @entity10698 (FMN)-containing protein of unknown function and a member of the family of @entity1110 -dependent FMN reductases. The nature of its final electron acceptor and the role of ArsH in the resistance to @entity3494 remained to be clarified. Here we have expressed and purified @entity324 ArsH and conducted an intensive biochemical study. We present kinetic evidence supporting a @entity3276 reductase activity for ArsH, with a preference for @entity15942 with hydrophobic substituents. By using steady-state activity measurements, as well as stopped-flow and laser-flash photolysis kinetic analyses, it has been possible to establish the mechanism of the process and estimate the values of the kinetic constants. Although the enzyme is able to stabilize the anionic semiquinone form of the FMN, reduction of @entity15942 involves the @entity8156 form of the @entity1785 cofactor, and the enzymatic reaction occurs through a ping-pong-type mechanism. ArsH is able to catalyze one-electron reactions ( @entity26 and cytocrome c reduction), involving the FMN @entity13478 form, but with lower efficiency. In addition, arsH mutants are sensitive to the oxidizing agent @entity8197 , suggesting that ArsH plays a role in the response to oxidative stress caused by @entity4250 .

title: ArsH from the cyanobacterium @entity324 is an efficient @entity1110 -dependent XXXX reductase.

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenite']

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['menadione']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity10698 :: ('MESH:D005486', 'Chemical') :: ['flavin mononucleotide']

entities_list: @entity13478 :: ('CHEBI:15817', 'Chemical') :: ['semiquinone']

entities_list: @entity324 :: ('1148', 'Species') :: ['Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803', 'Synechocystis']

answer: @entity3276 :: (MESH:C004532,Chemical) :: ['quinone']


abstract: @entity1164 associated with @entity2072 (Coc) abuse in healthy, physically active individuals became a grave concern in the late 1980s. It is well documented that physical activity increases circulating plasma @entity2922 levels. @entity2661 as well as Coc are independently capable of inducing toxic cardiac effects. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the synergistic or additive toxic effects of @entity1063 (NE) and Coc in primary myocardial cell cultures obtained from 3- to 5-d-old @entity35 . Alterations in @entity880 dehydrogenase release (LDH), lysosomal neutral red retention (NR), beating activity, and morphology were evaluated after treatment of the cells for 1-24 h with 1 x 10(-3) M Coc alone, 1 x 10(-5) M Coc alone, 1 x 10(-5) M NE alone, 1 x 10(-3) M Coc with 1 x 10(-5) M NE, or 1 x 10(-5) M Coc with 1 x 10(-5) M NE. LDH release was elevated significantly after 24 h only with those cells exposed to 1 x 10(-3) M Coc alone and 1 x 10(-3) M Coc + 1 x 10(-5) M NE. Using NR retention as a score for lysosomal treatment of the cells with 1 x 10(-5) M Coc and 1 x 10(-3) M Coc alone did not decrease dye retention significantly. However, 1 x 10(-5) M NE combined with 1 x 10(-3) M Coc significantly reduced @entity6112 as early as 1 h after treatment. After 24 h, 1 x 10(-5) M NE alone and 1 x 10(-5) M NE combined with 1 x 10(-5) M Coc significantly increased lysosomal fragility. Beating activity was altered in all treatment groups. Contractile activity was slow and irregular or completely absent with 1 x 10(-5) and 1 x 10(-3) M Coc, respectively. When NE (1 x 10(-5) M) was combined with both concentrations of Coc, there was distinct focalization of sharp, rapid contractions within the cells, which were asynchronous and/or arrhythmic in nature. Those cells exposed to 1 x 10(-5) M NE with 1 x 10(-5) M Coc for 24 h appeared hypercontracted with marked pseudopodia and cytoplasmic granule formation distinctly different from that exhibited by the cells exposed to 1 x 10(-5) M Coc alone. These data demonstrate that NE potentiates the adverse effects of Coc on contractile activity and morphology of spontaneously contracting neonatal myocardial cells maintained in culture.

title: Effects of @entity2072 and XXXX on primary cultures of neonatal @entity35 myocardial cells.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal dye retention']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: Recovery of liver cell mass following hepatectomy requires a metabolic compromise between differentiated function and organ regrowth. Clinical experience has shown that @entity1578 after resection is more common when the organ is diseased. We have evaluated intracellular hepatic biochemistry in @entity1 with normal and cirrhotic livers undergoing partial hepatectomy, using 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( @entity9715 @entity7748 ). Eighteen @entity1 were studied, half with normal liver architecture (normal group, n = 9) and half with cirrhotic parenchyma ( @entity82 group, n = 9). Magnetic resonance examinations were performed preoperatively and on postoperative days 2, 4, 6, 14, and 28. Hepatic volume (estimated by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and blood chemistries were measured at the same intervals. Following a comparable reduction in parenchymal volume, the cirrhotic group demonstrated a more sustained fall in @entity855 ( @entity855 ) energy state. Disturbance of membrane phospholipid metabolism and duration of acute-phase reaction were more marked when the liver was diseased. The pattern of derangement of hepatic function, however, was similar in the two groups. Overall, the recovery process was less efficient in the cirrhotic organ, and culminated in a diminished rate and extent of the regenerative response. These outcomes indicate that @entity409 after partial hepatectomy involves modulation of hepatic energy economy in response to changing work demands. The efficiency of this process is influenced by the histopathologic state of the organ, and in turn governs the physiologic reserve. These findings may explain the mechanism of posthepatectomy @entity1578 , and offer a rational basis for the assessment of novel hepatic support strategies.

title: XXXX @entity409 : hepatic energy economy is less efficient when the organ is diseased.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure', 'liver failure']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: A system for the expression and purification of @entity3793 -tagged proteins from plants has been developed using a @entity27812 ( @entity27812 )-derived gene vectors. The vectors offered a convenient polylinker and a choice of @entity3793 tagging at the recombinant proteins' N or C termini. These vectors were utilized for expression of proteins encoded by beet yellows closterovirus ( @entity56504 ). Approximately 4 micrograms/g of 20-kDa @entity56504 protein was readily isolated from plants systemically infected by hybrid @entity27812 . In contrast, only minute quantities of 22-kDa @entity56504 capsid protein (CP) @entity3793 -tagged at its N or C terminus could be purified. Rapid degradation of the recombinant CP has been implicated in its failure to accumulate in infected plants. Fusion with @entity27812 HC-Pro stabilized the @entity3793 -tagged @entity56504 CP and facilitated purification of the fusion product from infected plants. This same fusion approach was successfully used with the 24-kDa minor @entity56504 CP. The recombinant proteins were recognized by @entity3793 -tag-specific monoclonal antibody in immunoblot analysis. These results demonstrate the utility of a designed series of @entity27812 vectors for expression, detection, and purification of the recombinant proteins and suggest that intrinsic protein stability is a major factor in a recovery of recombinant proteins from plants.

title: Isolation and stability of XXXX -tagged proteins produced in plants via potyvirus gene vectors.

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity27812 :: ('12227', 'Species') :: ['tobacco etch potyvirus', 'TEV']

answer: @entity3793 :: (CHEBI:27570,Chemical) :: ['histidine']


abstract: Although @entity22 is, by far, the most commonly encountered @entity25 in medical practice, our knowledge in regard to its neurobiology and medical significance is limited. Activation of the @entity2339 leads to arousal and sleeplessness in animals and @entity1 ; however, there is a paucity of data regarding the activity of the @entity2339 in insomniacs. We hypothesized that chronic @entity22 is associated with increased plasma levels of @entity4545 and @entity701 . Eleven young insomniacs (6 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ) and 13 healthy controls (9 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ) without @entity25 , matched for age and body mass index, were monitored in the sleep laboratory for 4 consecutive nights, whereas serial 24-h plasma measures of @entity4545 and @entity701 were obtained during the fourth day. Insomniacs, compared with controls, slept poorly (significantly higher sleep latency and wake during baseline nights). The 24-h @entity4545 and @entity701 secretions were significantly higher in insomniacs, compared with normal controls (4.2 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.3 pM, P = 0.04; and 218.0 +/- 11.0 vs. 190.4 +/- 8.3 nM, P = 0.07). Within the 24-h period, the greatest elevations were observed in the evening and first half of the night. Also, insomniacs with a high degree of objective @entity25 (% sleep time < 70), compared with those with a low degree of @entity25 , secreted a higher amount of @entity701 . Pulsatile analysis revealed a significantly higher number of peaks per 24 h in insomniacs than in controls (P < 0.05), whereas cosinor analysis showed no differences in the temporal pattern of @entity4545 or @entity701 secretion between insomniacs and controls. We conclude that @entity22 is associated with an overall increase of @entity4545 and @entity701 secretion, which, however, retains a normal circadian pattern. These findings are consistent with a @entity6220 rather than one of @entity25 , which is usually associated with no change or decrease in @entity701 secretion or a circadian disturbance. Chronic activation of the @entity2339 in @entity22 suggests that insomniacs are at risk not only for @entity146 , i.e. chronic @entity148 and @entity308 , but also for significant medical morbidity associated with such activation. The therapeutic goal in @entity22 should be to decrease the overall level of physiologic and emotional arousal, and not just to improve the nighttime sleep.

title: XXXX is associated with nyctohemeral activation of the @entity2339 : clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of central nervous system hyperarousal']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance', 'sleep disturbances', 'sleep loss', 'sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['Chronic insomnia']


abstract: Antigen-induced activation of T cells is determined by many factors. Among these factors are (i) the number of T-cell receptors (TCRs) triggered by TCR ligands on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and (ii) the intrinsic cellular threshold for activation. T-cell receptor triggering is optimized by adhesion molecules that form the interaction site between T cells and APCs, i.e. the immunological synapse. In addition, signals through co-stimulatory molecules lower the intrinsic T-cell activation threshold. Immunosuppressive agents and traumatic events such as major operative procedures change physiological T-cell responses. Depressed immune functions after surgery are presumed to render @entity1 more susceptible to pathogens. @entity379 ( @entity379 ) is a type II homodimeric cytokine with multiple immunostimulatory properties. Several studies have been performed to assess the effects of @entity379 treatment in @entity1 in need of increased immune reactivity. However, until now, the effect of @entity379 on human antigen specific @entity404 (pos) T-cell reactivity after surgically-induced immunosuppression has not been reported. Therefore, a comparative trial of recombinant @entity1 (rh) @entity379 versus placebo in @entity1 after abdominal surgery was initiated. Antigen-specific @entity1619 cell immune reactivity was assessed by antigen-induced cytokine production, intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. A single dose of rhIFNgamma rescued down-modulation of antigen-specific @entity404 (pos) T-cell reactivity, concomitant with an up-regulation of TCR-ligands on antigen-presenting cells. Selected @entity1 may benefit from the immunostimulatory properties of rhIFNgamma administration in vivo.

title: @entity379 administration after abdominal surgery rescues antigen-specific XXXX cell immune reactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon-gamma', 'IFNgamma']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['helper T']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: If @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) progresses in @entity1 after chemotherapy with alkylating agents, the combination of @entity1891 , @entity632 and @entity619 (VAD) can achieve a response in 40-70% of cases. Because of its low @entity137 for haematopoetic stem-cells this form of chemotherapy is often undertaken before high-dose blood stem-cell transplantation. It was the objective of this study to examine effectiveness and complications of ambulant VAD treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Within four years VAD chemotherapy was given to 62 ambulant @entity1582 @entity1 , administered by microprocessor-regulated pumps via intravenously @entity2636 catheters with a safety valve. Response to treatment, treatment-associated complications and @entity281 were documented prospectively and analysed. RESULTS: VAD treatment achieved @entity5 reduction of more than 25% in 50 of 62 @entity1 . This treatment had to be discontinued in two of 192 pump-infusions because of irreversible catheter occlusion. Eight @entity1 were hospitalised because of @entity281 and two for noninfectious complications. Severe @entity166 (> or = WHO grade III) occurred in 4% of treatment cycles. CONCLUSION: VAD chemotherapy can be performed with a low rate of @entity281 in ambulant @entity1 despite the need for prolonged intravenously infusion of the drugs. But to avoid complications by intravenously catheters, random prospective tests should first be done with oral alkylating agents.

title: [Ambulatory therapy of @entity1582 with XXXX , @entity632 and @entity619 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite their prevalence, there is a paucity of information in the medical literature on the treatment of @entity992 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using the chemical reconstruction of skin scar technique for the treatment of @entity992 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred @entity1 (mean age 23  years; Fitzpatrick skin types II-IV) were treated with focal chemical peeling with 70% @entity2804 ( @entity2974 ) for a maximum of six sessions. Improvement rate, frequency of adverse events and @entity1 satisfaction were assessed. RESULTS: Five hundred thirty-three peeling sessions in 100 consecutive @entity1 were performed. Final assessment at 12-week follow-up visit after the last treatment revealed improvement in 95% of @entity1 : mild improvement in 12 cases, moderate improvement in 42 cases, and marked improvement in 41 cases. The appearance of scars did not change in five @entity1 . Seventy-nine @entity1 expressed moderate to high satisfaction with the results. Post-treatment side effects were mild and transient, resolving gradually within the study period. CONCLUSION: Focal peeling with high-concentration @entity2974 appears to be a safe and effective alternative in the treatment of @entity992 .

title: Focal high-concentration @entity2804 peeling for treatment of XXXX : an open-label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity992 :: ('MESH:D002644', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic facial chickenpox scars', 'atrophic chickenpox scars']

answer: @entity992 :: (MESH:D002644,Disease) :: ['atrophic facial chickenpox scar']


abstract: @entity3645 are synthesized from @entity165 in the liver and are excreted into bile via the hepatocyte canalicular @entity6741 export pump. After their passage into the intestine, @entity3645 are reabsorbed in the ileum by @entity1372 -dependent uptake across the apical membrane of enterocytes. At the basolateral domain of ileal enterocytes, @entity3645 are extruded into portal blood by the heterodimeric organic solute transporter @entity33996 / @entity56736 . Although the transport function of @entity33996 / @entity56736 has been characterized, little is known about the regulation of its expression. We show here that @entity1 @entity33996 / @entity56736 expression is induced by @entity3645 through ligand-dependent transactivation of both @entity20182 genes by the nuclear @entity6741 @entity4961 ( @entity4961 ). @entity4961 agonists induced endogenous mRNA levels of @entity33996 and @entity56736 in cultured cells, an effect that was not discernible upon inhibition of @entity4961 expression by small interfering RNAs. Furthermore, @entity20182 mRNAs were induced in @entity1 ileal biopsies exposed to the @entity6741 @entity10140 . Reporter constructs containing @entity33996 or @entity56736 promoters were transactivated by @entity4961 in the presence of its ligand. Two functional @entity4961 binding motifs were identified in the @entity33996 gene and one in the @entity56736 gene. Targeted mutation of these elements led to reduced inducibility of both @entity20182 promoters by @entity4961 . In conclusion, the genes encoding the @entity1 @entity33996 / @entity56736 complex are induced by @entity3645 and @entity4961 . By coordinated control of @entity33996 / @entity56736 expression, @entity3645 may adjust the rate of their own efflux from enterocytes in response to changes in intracellular @entity6741 levels.

title: The nuclear receptor for XXXX , @entity4961 , transactivates @entity1 @entity33996 genes.

entities_list: @entity4961 :: ('9971', 'Gene') :: ['receptor/farnesoid X receptor', 'FXR']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt', 'bile acid']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids', 'bile acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['bile acids']


abstract: The skeletal system is a frequent site for metastases of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) of the bladder (22-37%). Of those cases involving bone, the marrow is infiltrated in 27% of @entity1 . Imaging modalities, such as X-ray and CT, will detect gross skeletal lesions in the vast majority of these @entity1 with bone marrow involvement, however, most @entity1 with bone involvement are symptomatic at presentation. Additionally, there have been few reports in the literature of bone marrow metastases from @entity189 presenting with @entity882 . This case report describes the case of a 53-year-old male with muscle-invasive transitional cell @entity150 treated with cystoprostatectomy. Preoperative evaluation was significant only for mild @entity882 . Standard workup for metastatic bony involvement, which included history, physical, chest X-ray, and whole body CT, was negative. Postoperatively, the @entity1 's @entity882 worsened and he bled diffusely from his pelvic bed. Bone marrow biopsy was obtained and showed the entire marrow cavity to be filled with metastatic transitional cells. In the event of a similar future presentation of @entity882 in the setting of invasive @entity189 , the clinician should consider a bone marrow biopsy, in addition to the standard workup for metastatic bony involvement, prior to proceeding with any surgical intervention.

title: Urothelial @entity150 metastatic to bone marrow presenting as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia', 'isolated thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['isolated thrombocytopenia']


abstract: A rare case of @entity6962 ( @entity189 ) with rhabdomyoblastic and osteoblastic differentiation occurring in the gastric remnant is reported. A 69-year-old Japanese @entity1 who had undergone a partial gastrectomy for a duodenal ulcer 30 years earlier, presented with @entity417 , epigastralgia, and an abdominal mass. The diagnosis of @entity356 was made based on the findings of endoscopic biopsies. The @entity1 was thus scheduled to undergo a surgical operation, but he died of @entity1576 . At autopsy, a huge @entity5 measuring 20 x 18 x 8 cm was located on the greater curvature of the gastric remnant. Microscopically, the @entity5 consisted of intimately mixed @entity420 and heterologous mesenchymal elements containing @entity980 and @entity421 . Between these components, a morphological transition from the @entity420 element to the sarcomatous element was observed. Ultrastructually, rhabdomyoblastic differentiation was confirmed in the sarcomatous areas. Immunocytochemical expressions of epithelial markers including epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratins (35bH11 and 34bE12) were recognized not only in the @entity3909 cells but also in the sarcomatous cells. These findings suggest that @entity3909 cells appear to transform into cells with sarcomatous features.

title: @entity356 ( XXXX ) with rhabdomyoblastic and osteoblastic differentiation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['polypoid tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['tubular adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare retrospectively radiotherapy with neutrons, photons, and a photon/neutron mixed beam in @entity1 with advanced @entity2347 of the @entity135 . Local control, survival, distant failure, and complications were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1983 and 1995, 75 @entity1 with inoperable, recurrent, or incompletely resected @entity2347 of the @entity135 received radiotherapy that consisted of either fast 14.1 MV DT neutrons (median dose 16 neutron Gy), linac-based photon irradiation (median dose 64 photon Gy), or both (median dose 8 neutron Gy and 32 photon Gy). Follow-up ranged from 1 to 160 months (median 51 months), and the surviving @entity1 had a minimum follow-up of 3 years at the time of analysis. RESULTS: The actuarial 5-year local control was 75% for neutrons, and 32% for both mixed beam and photons (P = 0.015, log-rank). This advantage for neutrons in local control was not transferred to significant differences in survival (P > 0.1). The survival is dictated by the @entity5 diseases due to distant metastases occurring in 29 (39%) of the 75 @entity1 . Positive lymph nodes were the only significant factor (P = 0.001) associated with the development of distant metastases although negative lymph nodes did not predict absence of distant metastases, but predicted a delay of occurrence. In multivariate analysis postoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.003) and small @entity5 size (P = 0.01) were associated with high local control, while primary therapy (P = 0.006) and negative lymph nodes (P = 0.01) were associated with longer survival. While acute @entity137 was similar in all three radiotherapy groups, severe late grade 3 and 4 @entity137 tended to be more prevalent (P > 0.1) with neutrons (19%) than with mixed beam (10%) and photons (4%). CONCLUSION: Fast neutron radiotherapy provides higher local control rates than a mixed beam and photons in advanced, recurrent or not completely resected @entity2347 of the major and minor salivary glands. Neutron radiotherapy can be recommended in @entity1 with bad prognosis with gross @entity66 (R2), with unresectable @entity5 , or inoperable @entity5 . The type of radiation does not impact survival, which is dominated by the high number of distant metastases.

title: Radiotherapy for advanced XXXX : neutrons, photons or mixed beam?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Biliary epithelial cells are targets of immune-mediated attack in conditions such as @entity2835 and allograft rejection. This has been attributed to the ability of biliary epithelial cells to express ligands for T cell receptors. We aimed to investigate the expression of immune recognition elements and the effects of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines on cell surface phenotypes of normal @entity1 biliary epithelial cells and established @entity1 liver-derived ( @entity9294 /PRF/5, HepG2, Hep3B and CC-SW) lines. METHODS: Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of cytokines for 72 h, and expression of cell surface molecules was assessed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: All cell lines expressed MHC class I, @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), @entity7937 ( @entity7937 ) and EGF receptor, and all but Hep3B expressed Fas/ @entity1197 ( @entity1197 ). Unlike hepatocyte-derived cell lines, biliary epithelial cells and CC-SW expressed @entity2936 and @entity1759 . As expected, @entity379 and @entity310 upregulated expression of @entity2071 , MHC class I and MHC class II, particularly in biliary epithelial cells. @entity2533 downregulated these molecules and downregulated @entity1197 on biliary epithelial cells, but upregulated @entity7937 . The Th2 cytokines had little effect, although @entity3646 upregulated @entity1197 expression on biliary epithelial cells. @entity379 upregulated @entity2936 expression on biliary epithelial cells, CC-SW and HepG2. CONCLUSIONS: These findings imply that biliary epithelial cells may be capable of interacting with activated T lymphocytes via @entity2936 and @entity7937 , which are thought to be important T cell accessory ligands for T cell activation in a B7-independent manner. Sensitivity to pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of @entity1197 may explain why biliary epithelial cells are primary targets for @entity792 .

title: Expression and cytokine regulation of immune recognition elements by normal XXXX biliary epithelial and established liver cell lines in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune attack']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']