abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to document the clinical and pathological features of a single institutional series of Asian @entity1 with @entity5 , and to determine the prognosis, the adequate management and the predictive histological features. METHODS: The clinical data were retrospectively studied from the medical records and the pathological data from the Department of Pathology were utilized to identify 33 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 between 2003 and 2010. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 had @entity5 , 13 borderline and 12 malignant. Nine @entity1 (27 %) had recurrence. No @entity1 classified as benign @entity5 had recurrence, but those with @entity5 had a high recurrence rate (41 %). The 5-year disease-free survival was 59 %. The 5-year overall survival was 81 %. The width of surgical margin was not related to disease recurrence and stromal overgrowth was the only prognostic factor in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 of borderline and malignant classification in Asian @entity1 had a high recurrence rate. Clinical and pathological factors, except for stromal overgrowth, cannot predict disease recurrence. Further molecular research is warranted.

title: The clinical features and prognosis of XXXX : a single institution experience in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant phyllodes tumors', 'benign tumors', 'phyllodes tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['phyllodes tumors']


abstract: This study examined the association between circumstances of occupational same-level falls and the risk of wrist, ankle and @entity173 in @entity1 over 45 years of age. Cases of @entity174 and matched controls who suffered non- @entity174 injuries, all from same-level falls, were selected from workers' compensation claims data. Cases and controls were matched on age, season of fall, industry and state. Information was obtained about manual material handling, fall hazard, initiating event and fall location. Falls during pushing/pulling were associated with increased wrist @entity174 risk. Falls due to tripping were associated with increased wrist @entity174 risk, but decreased risk of @entity1171 . Falling outdoors was associated with increased wrist and @entity1171 risk. Increasing age was associated with increased injury risk from tripping-initiated vs. slipping-initiated falls. Few circumstances increased risk of @entity174 at multiple sites, indicating that they affect risk of @entity174 by primarily affecting point of impact. The proportion of female workers over 45 years of age, who are at increased risk of @entity174 , is increasing in developed countries. This study examined the associations between circumstances of falls and wrist, ankle and @entity173 risks among these workers and found that the associations differed by @entity174 sites.

title: A matched case-control study of circumstances of occupational same-level falls and risk of wrist, ankle and @entity173 in XXXX over 45 years of age.

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some reports have suggested that infliximab may induce obstructive symptoms and, although there is no firm evidence, it is usually contra-indicated in- @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and strictures. AIMS: To evaluate the effect of infliximab on symptomatic strictures of the small intestine in @entity30 and to identify predictive factors of clinical response. METHODS: This retrospective study included symptomatic @entity1 treated with infliximab after conventional treatment had failed. The short-term (week 8) and long-term results were classified according to predefined criteria as complete, partial response, or failure. RESULTS: Before infliximab, 18 @entity1 had @entity490 . Fourteen @entity1 were treated by corticosteroids and 13 received immunosuppressive drugs. At week 8, complete, partial response and failure were observed in 10, 7 and 1 @entity1 , respectively. Fourteen @entity1 continued maintenance infliximab treatment after week 8. During the most recent evaluation (median follow-up: 18 months), 8 @entity1 were on maintenance infliximab treatment; only eight were still on @entity229 ; there were five complete responses, 10 partial responses and three failures. Initiating @entity229 or increasing its dosage was the only factor associated with a short-term complete response. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab may be effective in @entity1 with symptomatic strictures from @entity30 , and should be tested before considering surgery.

title: Infliximab treatment for symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['complete obstruction or intermittent chronic abdominal pain']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease strictures']


abstract: Systemic insulin passes the blood-brain barrier and insulin receptors have been detected in various brain regions. Yet, the biological significance of insulin acting on the brain remains rather unclear. Reports of different awareness of hypoglycemic symptoms during @entity4053 induced by @entity1 insulin (HI) and porcine insulin (PI) suggest a modulatory influence of insulin on sensory processing. In a double-blind, within-subject, crossover comparison, we recorded visual-evoked potentials (VEP) in 30 healthy @entity1 during euglycemia and after 20 or 50 min of constant @entity4053 of 2.66 mM (47.9 mg/dl) induced by HI and PI. Blood @entity413 and serum insulin levels were identical in both sessions. @entity4053 reduced amplitudes of the VEP components P1 and N2 and increased latencies of N1, P1, and N2. However, @entity4053 -induced changes in VEP amplitudes and latencies were significantly stronger during PI and HI infusion: P1-N2 difference amplitude decreased from (mean +/- SE) 11.9 +/- 0.9 to 10.7 +/- 0.8 muV during HI and from 12.4 +/- 0.9 to 8.7 +/- 0.7 muV during PI infusion (P < 0.002). P1 latency increased from 112.0 +/- 3.2 to 118.8 +/- 3.2 ms during HI and from 114.0 +/- 3.3 to 126.3 +/- 4.6 ms during PI infusion (P < 0.05). Differences between the effects of the insulins were consistently apparent after 20 min of @entity4053 , which indicates a short-term action of the hormone. The results add to those of a foregoing study demonstrating differential effects of HI- and PI-induced @entity4053 on auditory evoked potentials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evidence for effects of insulin on sensory processing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'Hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the significance of exclusively unifocal, unilateral, @entity302 on scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in surgical candidates with medically intractable @entity302 . METHODS: We reviewed 126 @entity1 with refractory extratemporal partial @entity410 who underwent @entity302 surgery at our center. All were followed for at least 2 years after resections. Surgery was based on ictal EEG recordings. We examined ictal onsets and surgical outcome in subjects whose preoperative, interictal scalp EEGs during long-term monitoring (LTM) demonstrated only unilateral, well-defined focal discharges, and outcome in @entity1 whose interictal EEGs during LTM showed bilateral, non-localized, or multifocal epileptiform patterns. RESULTS: We found that 26 subjects exhibited only unilateral, unifocal, @entity302 . In all 26 cases (100%) clinical @entity410 arose from the regions expected by the interictal findings (P<0.0001, Sign test). At last follow-up 77% (20/26) of these @entity1 were @entity410 -free, while 23% (6/26) had >75% reduction in @entity410 . This compares to the remaining @entity1 , of whom 34% (34/100) were @entity410 -free, 41% (41/100) had >75% reduction in @entity410 , and 25% (25/100) had <75% reduction in @entity410 (P=0.0001, Fisher's Exact test). CONCLUSIONS: Strictly unifocal, @entity302 on scalp EEG, though seen in a minority of subjects, may be an important, independent factor in evaluating subjects with intractable extratemporal, localization-related @entity302 for surgical therapy. This finding is highly predictive of both ictal onsets and successful postsurgical outcome.

title: Interictal, unifocal spikes in refractory XXXX predict ictal origin and postsurgical outcome.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['interictal epileptiform patterns', 'extratemporal epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['extratemporal epilepsy']


abstract: @entity6649 is an infective agent that leads to porcine @entity5390 , a disease that causes severe economic losses in the @entity1707 industry. Based on the fact that the respiratory tract is the primary site for @entity2348 , it has been suggested that bacterial exclusion in the respiratory tract through mucosal immune induction is the most effective disease prevention strategy. ApxIIA is a vaccine candidate against A. @entity281 , and fragment #5 (aa. 439-801) of ApxIIA contains the major epitopes for effective vaccination. In this study, we used @entity19 to verify the efficacy of intranasal immunization with fragment #5 in the induction of protective immunity against nasal challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae and compared its efficacy with that of subcutaneous immunization. Intranasal immunization of the fragment induced significantly higher systemic and mucosal immune responses measured at the levels of antigen-specific antibodies, cytokine-secreting cells after antigen exposure, and antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation. Intranasal immunization not only efficiently inhibited the bacterial colonization in respiratory organs, but also prevented @entity3145 in infectious condition similar to that of a contaminated @entity1707 . Moreover, intranasal immunization with fragment #5 provided acquired protective immunity against intranasal challenge with A. @entity5390 . In addition, it conferred cross-protection against serotype 5, a heterologous pathogen that causes severe disease by ApxI and ApxII secretion. Collectively, intranasal immunization with fragment #5 of ApxIIA can be considered an efficient protective immunization procedure against A. @entity281 .

title: Nasal immunization with major epitope-containing ApxIIA toxin fragment induces protective immunity against @entity281 with @entity6649 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity6649 :: ('715', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity5390 :: ('MESH:D011001', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropneumonia', 'pleuropneumoniae serotype 2']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropneumoniae infection']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of @entity3029 and associated occipital condyle fracturcs so as to alert physicians to this rare injury and potentially improve @entity1 outcome. The pertinent anatomy, mechanism of injury, clinical and radiologic evaluation and the management of these rare injuries are discussed in an attempt to alert physicians to this @entity130 and to improve outcome. DATA SOURCES: The data were obtained from a MEDLINE search of the English literature from 1966 to 1999 and the experience of 4 spine surgeons at a quaternary care acute @entity1566 unit. STUDY SELECTION: Detailed anatomic and epidemiologically sound radiology studies were identified and analyzed. Only small retrospective studies or case series were available in the literature. DATA EXTRACTION: Valid anatomic, biomechanical and radiologic evaluation was extracted from studies. Clinical data came from limited studies and expert opinion. DATA SYNTHESIS: Early diagnosis is essential and is facilitated by a detailed clinical examination and strict adherence to an imaging algorithm that includes CT and MRI scanning. When the dislocation is identified, timely gentle reduction and prompt stabilization throuigh nonoperative or operative means is found to optimize @entity1 outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Atlanto-occipital dislocation should be suspected in any @entity1 involved in a high speed motor vehicle or pedestrian collision. Once suspected, proper imaging and appropriate management of these once fatal injuries can improve survival and neurologic outcome.

title: Recognition and management of XXXX : improving survival from an often fatal condition.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['atlanto-occipital dislocation']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['atlanto-occipital dislocation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The utility of reassessing anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody status later in disease in @entity1 presenting with early undifferentiated @entity32 , particularly in those who test negative for both anti-CCP and @entity309 ( @entity309 ) at baseline, remains unclear. We aimed therefore to determine the stability of CCP antibody status over time and the prognostic utility of repeated testing in subjects with early @entity32 ( @entity32 ). METHODS: Anti-CCP and @entity309 were measured at baseline and 5 years in 640 @entity32 @entity1 from the Norfolk @entity625 Register, a primary care-based inception cohort. The relation between change in anti-CCP status/titer and the presence of radiologic @entity2681 , the extent of the Larsen score, and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score by 5 years was investigated. RESULTS: With a cut-off of 5 U/ml, 28% subjects tested positive for anti-CCP antibodies, 29% for @entity309 , and 21% for both at baseline. Nine (2%) anti-CCP-negative @entity1 seroconverted to positive, and nine (4.6%) anti-CCP-positive individuals became negative between baseline and 5 years. In contrast, @entity309 status changed in 17% of subjects. However, change in @entity309 status was strongly linked to baseline anti-CCP status and was not independently associated with outcome. Ever positivity for anti-CCP antibodies by 5 years did not improve prediction of radiographic damage compared with baseline status alone (accuracy, 75% versus 74%). A higher baseline anti-CCP titer (but not change in anti-CCP titer) predicted worse radiologic damage at 5 years (P < 0.0001), even at levels below the cut-off for anti-CCP positivity. Thus, a titer of 2 to 5 U/ml was strongly associated with @entity2681 by 5 years (odds ratio, 3.6 (1.5 to 8.3); P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Repeated testing of anti- @entity5810 antibodies or @entity309 in @entity1 with @entity32 does not improve prognostic value and should not be recommended in routine clinical practice.

title: Long-term stability of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody status in XXXX with early @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'inflammatory polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'rheumatoid factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We produced a series of T cell hybridomas that produce @entity2047 when cultured with syngeneic @entity1412 coupled to @entity2823 or TNP. These hybridomas are hapten specific and Ia restricted. The hybridomas were used to detect hapten-bearing @entity1412 in draining lymph nodes of @entity19 sensitized with @entity13693 or @entity2823 in vivo. Hapten-bearing @entity1412 capable of stimulating the hybridomas were detectable in draining lymph nodes of hapten-painted @entity19 within 3 h after sensitization. The ability of lymph node @entity1412 to stimulate the hybridomas peaked at 24 h and declined by 48 h. The dendritic cell subpopulation was the subpopulation of cells that were found in the regional lymph nodes of hapten-painted animals that were capable of stimulating the hybridomas to produce @entity2047 . Prior treatment of the skin with low dose UVB irradiation before epicutaneous application of contact sensitizers significantly reduced the capacity of hapten-bearing @entity1412 to stimulate the hybridomas. This observation was corroborated by results obtained from flow microfluorometry analysis of lymph node cells from @entity2823 -sensitized @entity19 . Lymph node dendritic cells obtained from @entity2823 -painted @entity19 contain a brightly staining group of cells by flow microfluorometry analysis. Lymph node dendritic cells from @entity2823 -painted, UVB-irradiated @entity19 did not contain this brightly staining population. These results indicate that low dose, local UVB irradiation may affect @entity1412 migration and/or function. We believe that these hybridomas will prove to be useful tools in the study of the development and regulation of @entity56 .

title: Production of hapten-specific T cell hybridomas and their use to study the effect of ultraviolet B irradiation on the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13693 :: ('MESH:D010853', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrochlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['contact hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['contact hypersensitivity']


abstract: @entity341 ( @entity341 ) practices are traditionally profiled in terms of their @entity1 encounters. Such evaluations reflect a preponderance of outpatient visits while crediting income from admitted @entity1 to traditional hospital-based services. This study evaluates the contribution of @entity341 admissions to inpatient hospital revenue. The study was set at an urban tertiary care community hospital with university affiliation. Information referable to @entity341 @entity1 was collected from the hospital's Universal Billing Code (UB-92)-based @entity1 information warehouse. Data fields referable to hospital charges, insurance type, and disposition were used for analysis of a 1-year period from September 1, 1998 to August 31, 1999. Statistical analysis was through chi square and ANOVA. During the study period 33,174 @entity1 were treated in the @entity341 with 6,671 (20%) admitted to inpatient services. Total hospital charges for all @entity341 @entity1 during this time were  107 million dollars with  9.1 million (8.5%) generated from discharged @entity1 and  98.0 million (91.5%) from admitted @entity341 @entity1 (P <.001). Mean charges for individual discharged @entity1 were  344.10 whereas for individual admitted @entity1 mean charges were  14,692.28. (P <.001) Medicaid and self pay represented 55.4% of the insurance coverage for discharged @entity341 @entity1 whereas these same insurance classes accounted for only 16.3% of admitted @entity1 . (P <.001) Medicare visits accounted for 12.7% of discharged @entity341 @entity1 but 60.7% of admitted @entity1 (P <.001). Total hospital gross revenue for inpatient services for the study period was  288 million of which 34% was contributed from admitted @entity341 @entity1 . @entity341 services represent a major source of inpatient hospital revenue. The recognition of the @entity341 's potential in this area may be lost if income from @entity1 admitted through the @entity341 is credited to traditional hospital-based services.

title: Contribution of XXXX admissions to inpatient hospital revenue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: A 1.2-kb full-length cDNA sequence of a @entity16335 dehydrogenase (GPD) gene was isolated from the mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju. The full-length cDNA of the GPD gene consists of 1248 nucleotides, predicted to encode a 36-kDa polypeptide consisting of 335 @entity535 residues. Sequence analysis revealed that the GPD gene has more than 72-78% @entity535 sequence homology with those of other Basidiomycetes. Expression of the GPD gene increased when P. sajor-caju was treated with various abiotic stresses, such as salt, cold, heat, and drought. There was an eightfold induction by drought treatment. Salt and cold stress induced four- and twofold induction of GPD gene expression, respectively. There was also a fivefold induction by heat stress. The GPD gene exhibits different expression patterns under different stress conditions. It reached its maximum expression level within two hours under cold or heat treatment. The mRNA levels of this gene increased proportionally to increasing treatment time under salt or dry conditions. Because the expression of GPD was significantly increased, we tested whether GPD could confer abiotic stress resistance when it was introduced into @entity375 cells. For this, a transgenic @entity375 harboring P. sajor-caju GPD was generated under the control of a constitutively expressed GAL promoter. The results from biofunctional analyses with GPD @entity375 transformants showed that GPD @entity375 transformants had significantly higher resistance to cold, salt, heat, and drought stresses.

title: Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding XXXX dehydrogenase.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity16335 :: ('MESH:D005986', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate']

answer: @entity16335 :: (MESH:D005986,Chemical) :: ['glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate']


abstract: Three cases of @entity11657 (P.A.N.) studied by abdominal arteriography with a follow-up examination between the 6th and 9th month are reported. In the first case, the initial arteriogram showed only the appearances of @entity23984 . The second arteriogram, 9 months later, following a worsening of general condition, revealed @entity439 in the abdomen. In the second @entity1 , who had @entity439 at the time of the initial examination, arteriography agter 6 months following a new episode of the disease with an @entity697 and collapse revealed, alongside the multiplication of the @entity439 with @entity397 of one of them, the disappearance of some @entity4122 with the obliteration of certain arteries. In the third @entity1 , the follow-up arteriogram after treatment showed disappearance of the renal arteriograms which the first study had revealed 7 months before. These three cases give an idea of the different radiological appearances of P.A.N. The appearance of @entity23984 with no specific characteristics indicates and inflammatory localisation of the disease. This is an initial stage leading to @entity4122 . @entity439 may progress to @entity397 or may multiply. @entity23984 and @entity4122 may also progress towards @entity2318 and disappear. A method of early diagnosis, arteriography makes it possible to institute treatment before the lesions reach a stage at which they must inevitably develop either into @entity439 or lead to obstruction with distal ischaemia.

title: [Arteriographic appearances seen in the course of development of the lesions of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute abdominal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['ectasia', 'ectasias']

entities_list: @entity23984 :: ('MESH:D004692', 'Disease') :: ['endarteritis', 'Endarteritis']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'diffuse aneurysms', 'Aneurysms', 'multiple aneurysms']

answer: @entity11657 :: (MESH:D010488,Disease) :: ['polyarteritis nodosa']


abstract: Adrenal growth was studied between D70 of gestation (D0: day of mating) and D6 after birth in 33 fetuses and 11 new-born @entity1707 of the Large White breed. Volume, height and mean surface, were estimated by zone, as well as cell number, cell size and nucleocytoplasmic ratio. The volume increased exponentially. In the cortex it was 4.0 mm3, 7.2 mm3, 10.5 mm3, 33.6 mm3, 55.3 mm3 at D70, D94, D106, D113 and D1-D6, respectively, after birth. In the medulla, the volume was 4.0 mm3, 6.3 mm3, 6.9 mm3, 9.6 mm3 and 20.6 mm3 at the same stages. This evolution was due to predominant longitudinal stretching between D94 and D106, then thickening, as shown by the relative variations of the height and the surface. The growth of the cortex corresponded to @entity1373 associated with @entity1184 after D110. In the medulla, @entity1373 predominated until D110; this was followed by @entity1184 phase. Twelve fetuses hypophysectomized at D44 or at D55 were recovered at D94, D106 and D112 at least 50 days after surgery. Hypophysectomy did not affect medullar development (volume and number of cells) but inhibited very significantly the growth of the cortical zone, particularly that of the fasciculata.

title: A quantitative histological study of adrenal development during the perinatal period in intact and hypophysectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurologic complications account for some of the most devastating problems following coronary artery bypass surgery. In this study we determined the incidence and predictors of perioperative transient @entity63 attacks (TIAs) and @entity64 in @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting at our institution. METHODS: Data was prospectively collected from 4,518 consecutive @entity1 undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting at Brigham _ @entity1 's Hospital between 1993 and 1997. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty of the 4,518 @entity1 sustained either a @entity4905 (30 @entity1 , 0.7%) or a @entity64 (90 @entity1 , 2.0%), for an overall incidence of 2.7%. Significant univariate predictors of @entity4905 / @entity64 included a history of: 1) @entity455 , 2) @entity1095 , 3) @entity6 , 4) @entity177 , 5) preoperative @entity583 , 6) @entity101 , and 7) age > 70 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the following significant associations (incidence of @entity4905 / @entity64 , odds ratio): 1) @entity455 (6.4%, OR 2.5); 2) @entity1095 (5.3%, OR 1.6); 3) @entity177 (5.6%, OR 1.6); 4) @entity583 (3.2%, OR 1.5); 5) @entity6 (3.7%, OR 1.5); 6) age > 70 (3.5%, OR 1.5). Perioperative @entity4905 / @entity64 was significantly associated with postoperative @entity998 and @entity955 . @entity1 with @entity4905 / @entity64 had a significantly longer ICU stay (4 vs. 2 median days), length of hospitalization (14 vs. 7 median days), and higher mortality rate (22% vs. 2.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative @entity4905 / @entity64 occurred in less than 3% of @entity1 following coronary artery bypass grafting but was associated with significant mortality. The strongest predictors were cerebral and @entity1095 .

title: Incidence and predictors of tias and XXXX following coronary artery bypass grafting: report and collective review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['strokes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are still controversies about the therapeutic strategies and subsequent outcome in @entity135 . METHODS: Clinicopathological data of 23 Merkel cell @entity189 , 93 cutaneous head and neck @entity957 (HNSCCs), 126 @entity320 , and 91 primary @entity189 were comprehensively analyzed. Merkel cell @entity189 were @entity2225 ( @entity2225 )/ @entity3508 ( @entity3508 )/ @entity3507 ( @entity3507 )/ @entity5473 (Syn)/ @entity7457 ( @entity10922 )/ @entity1758 immunostained. RESULTS: All Merkel cell @entity189 underwent wide local excision. Parotidectomy/neck dissection was performed in 40%/33% @entity3852 and 100%/100% in @entity3852 . Five-year recurrence-free interval (RFI)/overall survival (OS) was significantly higher in @entity320 (81/80%) than in @entity3852 / @entity213 . Interestingly, 5-year RFI/OS was significantly higher in @entity3852 (61%/79%) than in @entity213 (33%/65%; p < .0001) despite comparable TNM classifications and treatment regimens. There were neither differences of RFI/OS between @entity3852 and @entity189 , nor in the immunohistochemical profile. CONCLUSION: Five-year RFI/OS was significantly better in @entity3852 when compared with TNM classification matched @entity213 . Five-year RFI/OS was comparable in @entity3852 and other primary parotid gland @entity5 .    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016.

title: Clinicopathological characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma', 'parotid gland Merkel cell carcinoma', 'Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['parotid gland carcinomas', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase', 'NSE']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanomas', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck Merkel cell carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3881 genes dnaD and dnaB are essential for the initiation of DNA replication and are required for loading of the replicative helicase at the chromosomal origin of replication oriC. Wild type DnaD and DnaB interact weakly in vitro and this interaction has not been detected in vivo or in yeast two-hybrid assays. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We isolated second site suppressors of the temperature sensitive phenotypes caused by one dnaD mutation and two different dnaB mutations. Five different intragenic suppressors of the dnaD23ts mutation were identified. One intragenic suppressor was a deletion of two @entity1522 in DnaD. This deletion caused increased and detectable interaction between the mutant DnaD and wild type DnaB in a yeast two-hybrid assay, similar to the increased interaction caused by a missense mutation in dnaB that is an extragenic suppressor of dnaD23ts. We isolated both intragenic and extragenic suppressors of the two dnaBts alleles. Some of the extragenic suppressors were informational suppressors (missense suppressors) in tRNA genes. These suppressor mutations caused a change in the anticodon of an @entity493 tRNA so that it would recognize the mutant codon ( @entity1889 ) in dnaB and likely insert the wild type @entity535 ( @entity493 ). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The intragenic suppressors should provide insights into structure-function relationships in DnaD and DnaB, and interactions between DnaD and DnaB. The extragenic suppressors in the tRNA genes have important implications regarding the amount of wild type DnaB needed in the cell. Since missense suppressors are typically inefficient, these findings indicate that production of a small amount of wild type DnaB, in combination with the mutant protein, is sufficient to restore some DnaB function.

title: Intragenic and extragenic suppressors of temperature sensitive mutations in the replication initiation genes dnaD and dnaB of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence and time interval for conversion from unilateral to bilateral involvement in @entity9303 and @entity18129 . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective chart review in a tertiary otologic referral center. @entity1 : 232 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity9303 (n=186) or @entity18129 (n=46) between 1959 and 2001, who visited the clinic over a five-year period between 1997-2001 and have at least 2 audiograms more than 12 months apart. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity18129 relative to @entity9303 , rate of progression from unilateral to bilateral involvement; interval between unilateral onset of symptoms and bilateral involvement; and rate of progression from @entity18129 to @entity9303 . RESULTS: Initial diagnosis was @entity9303 in 71% and @entity18129 in 29% of all 950 hydropic @entity1 presenting between 1997 and 2001. In the study sample, @entity9303 was bilateral at presentation in 11%; an additional 12% (14% of unilaterals) became bilateral during the follow-up period. At presentation, 6.5% of @entity18129 @entity1 were bilateral, with another 26% becoming bilateral. Conversion from @entity18129 to @entity9303 occurred in 33% and some of these are included among the bilateral. The average time interval for conversion from unilateral to bilateral Meniere's was 7.6 years (SD=7.0 years). CONCLUSION: Most otologists are aware of the potential for contralateral ear involvement and conversion from @entity18129 to @entity9303 after diagnosis. These changes are significant, require long-term follow-up for detection, and may necessitate further treatment. @entity1 should be counseled regarding this potential when interventions are considered, especially with respect to ablative treatments.

title: XXXX : prevalence of contralateral ear involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's Disease", "Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity18129 :: ('MESH:D015834', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear hydrops']

answer: @entity9303 :: (MESH:D008575,Disease) :: ['Meniere's disease']


abstract: 1. We examined the effect of @entity44493 , a potent @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor, on the number of @entity2951 -induced coughs in @entity35 and compared with that of @entity4688 . 2. Chronic treatment with @entity4688 , at doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg, p.o., significantly and dose-dependently enhanced the number of @entity2951 -induced coughs. 3. Chronic treatment with higher dose of @entity44493 (3 mg/kg, p.o.) also significantly enhanced the number of @entity2951 -induced coughs. However, lower dose (1 mg/kg, p.o.) of @entity44493 had no significant effect on the number of @entity2951 -induced coughs. 4. These results suggest that cough induced activity, one of the most serious side effects associated with chronic treatment with @entity1811 inhibitors, of @entity44493 is relatively lower than that of @entity4688 .

title: Cough induced activity of @entity44493 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity44493 :: ('MESH:C052555', 'Chemical') :: ['spirapril']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin converting enzyme']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of @entity418 and various lesions of esophagus in high risk areas through a screening program for early diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Random cluster sampling method was used to select some portions of a natural village as screening object in the high risk areas of @entity418 , from 2006 to 2011. Endoscope @entity1496 staining and index biopsy screening methods were used on @entity1 with high risk and followed by pathological exams for confirmation. RESULTS: The detection rates regarding mild @entity2910 , moderate and severe @entity2910 were 5.33% (803/15 065), 1.28% (193/15 065), 0.68% (102/15 065) respectively while the detection rates on @entity189 in situ, @entity189 and @entity3 were 0.15% (22/15 065), 0.06% (9/15 065), 0.29% (43/15 065) respectively. The detection rate in @entity3930 was higher than in female. @entity1 younger than 65 years old, the detection rates on mild, moderate or severe @entity2910 and @entity3 showed an increase with age, with the 60-year-olds group reaching the highest. The detection rates on the above said diseases were 7.72% (198/2565), 2.07% (53/2565), 1.29% (33/2565), 0.51% (13/2565) respectively. The detection rates on mild, moderate or severe @entity2910 varied in different years and with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) but did not show any obvious trend of changing. Geographical distribution of mild @entity2910 , moderate @entity2910 , severe @entity2910 also significantly varied in different villages (P < 0.001). The highest detection rate in the mountainous villages was seen the highest while the detection rate of village from hilly areas was the lowest. CONCLUSION: There were considerable numbers of @entity1 with @entity1613 in the general population from the high risk areas. The detection rate of @entity418 in the mountain residents was higher than the rate in the hilly areas. @entity1 and the elderly were the key populations calling for @entity418 prevention programs to be carried out.

title: [Results of a screening program on high incidence area of XXXX in Yanting Sichuan from 2006 to 2011].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['male esophageal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The safety of placing multiple overlapped endoluminal flow diverters remains unclear because small eloquent branch arteries theoretically could become occluded by these devices. We placed single and multiple flow diverters over small branch arteries in @entity95 aortas to determine the incidence of branch @entity432 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flow diverters (PED) were placed into 22 female New Zealand white @entity95 abdominal aortas to cover >= 1 lumbar artery. Animals were divided into 3 groups (single PED, n = 9; double PED with 2 telescoped/overlapped devices, n = 7; and triple PED, with 3 telescoped/overlapped devices, n = 6) and were followed for 6 or 12 months. DSA was performed at follow-up. Subsequently, the tissue was processed, sectioned, and stained with H_E for histologic evaluation, histomorphometry, and analysis. RESULTS: All the lumbar arteries covered by devices were clearly patent on angiography. Partial @entity8233 covered the ostia of the branch vessels, but demonstrable patent lumens at the ostia in all cases were present. @entity1373 was minimal in the single-PED-group animals. The measured @entity8233 was thicker for the double- and triple-PED groups compared with the single-PED group (P < .05). However, in all groups, the mean thickness of the @entity8233 was  <=0.2 mm, and the percentage @entity850 of the parent artery was <15% and 18% for 6 and 12 months, respectively. There was no significant inflammatory response in any group. CONCLUSIONS: Small branch arteries remain patent even when covered by multiple overlapped PED flow-diverter devices.

title: Patency of branches after coverage with multiple telescoping flow-diverter devices: an in vivo study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Neointima hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of sonohysterography in early diagnosis of @entity1478 and in the detection of @entity2617 for staging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed sonohysterography as a preoperative test in 24 @entity1 with an hystologic diagnosis of @entity1204 obtained by hysteroscopy and biopsy. The mean age of the @entity1 was between 50 and 82 years. The sonohysterographic examination was performed by using 5.0 and 6.0 MHz transvaginal probes and a 5 or 7 French hysteroinjectors with inflating balloon. 19 of the 24 @entity1 were enrolled in the study: in 2 cases the examination was not technically performable, 2 @entity1 refused surgical treatment and 1 @entity1 had a cervical @entity420 with extension to the myometrium. In each @entity1 we evaluated the number and the size of the lesions and the degree and the depth of @entity2617 . Each parameter was compared with the final histopathologic examination. RESULTS: Sonohysterography showed a single lesion in 15 @entity1 , whereas in 4 @entity1 it showed multiple lesions; in 1 of these @entity1 it showed 3 lesions which were, in reality, a single lesion that infiltrated the first half of the myometrium. Myometrial infiltration was correctly evaluated by the examination in 17 of the 19 @entity1 (89.4%): 16 positive and 1 negative case. The sensitivity was 88%, the specificity 100%, the positive predictive value 100% and the negative predictive value 33%. The sonohysterography allowed to evaluate exactly the depth of @entity3 in 15 of the 16 cases (93.7%), in which a @entity2617 was suspected. With regard to this parameter the sensitivity was 85.7%, the specificity was 100%, the positive predictive value 100% and the negative predictive value 90.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Although the introduction of transvaginal ultrasonography in clinical practice allows to obtain an early diagnosis of @entity1204 , about half @entity1 seems to present already at the diagnosis @entity3 . Moreover 50% of these @entity1 seems to have pelvic lymphonodes and about 29% positive paraaortic lymphonodes. Currently @entity3 is evaluated by the extemporary frozen test and confirmed by the definitive hystologic examination. It would be helpful to have a technique able to detect and evaluate infiltration before surgery. The results of this study suggest that sonohysterography could have a role in preoperative staging. However these data need to be confirmed by further studies.

title: [The role of transvaginal ultrasound and sonohysterography in the diagnosis and staging of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial tumor lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity375 @entity375 cells polarize in order to form a single bud in each cell cycle. Distinct patterns of bud-site selection are observed in haploid and diploid cells. Genetic approaches have identified the molecular machinery responsible for positioning the bud site: during bud formation, specific locations are marked with immobile landmark proteins. In the next cell cycle, landmarks act through the Ras-family GTPase @entity18708 to promote local activation of the conserved Rho-family GTPase, @entity18709 . Additional @entity18709 accumulates by positive feedback, creating a concentrated patch of @entity3007 - @entity18709 , which polarizes the cytoskeleton to promote bud emergence. Using time-lapse imaging and mathematical modelling, we examined the process of bud-site establishment. Imaging reveals unexpected effects of the bud-site-selection system on the dynamics of polarity establishment, raising new questions about how that system may operate. We found that polarity factors sometimes accumulate at more than one site among the landmark-specified locations, and we suggest that competition between clusters of polarity factors determines the final location of the @entity18709 cluster. Modelling indicated that temporally constant landmark-localized @entity18708 would weaken or block competition, yielding more than one polarity site. Instead, we suggest that polarity factors recruit @entity18708 , effectively sequestering it from other locations and thereby terminating landmark activity.

title: Interaction between bud-site selection and polarity-establishment machineries in budding XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We assessed a @entity5 model prepared by open lung injection to study metastatic @entity2 , and evaluated the efficacy of pulmonary artery infusion. METHODS: Subjects were 30 male F344 @entity35 . In experiment 1, we evaluated chemosensitivity of a @entity35 @entity14 cell line (RCN-9) using a colorimetric [ @entity2454 ] assay. In experiment 2, we injected RCN-9 cells into the left lung on day 0; on day 10, we measured @entity5 tissue blood flow before and after @entity432 . In experiment 3, we injected RCN-9 cells into the left lung and conducted no further procedures in controls. The pulmonary artery infusion group underwent pulmonary artery infusion with 0.1 mg of @entity900 on day 3 and the sham group injection with saline solution alone. On day 10, @entity35 were sacrificed and maximum @entity5 cross-section measured. RESULTS: In experiment 1, the drug concentration required to inhibit cell growth 50% was 2.45 x 10(-6) M. In experiment 2, @entity5 tissue blood flow decreased significantly after @entity432 (p = 0.003). In experiment 3, the maximum @entity5 cross-section in the pulmonary artery infusion group was significantly smaller than in shams (p = 0.0027) and controls (p = 0.0019). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2 with blood, so this model appears useful in studying metastatic @entity2 , whose size was reduced significantly by pulmonary artery infusion with @entity900 . Pulmonary artery infusion is thus a promising modality in metastatic @entity2 treatment.

title: Experimental study of pulmonary artery infusion with @entity900 in a solitary @entity2 model using a @entity35 XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'pulmonary artery supplies tumors', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial occlusion', 'arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIM: In contrast to marrow micrometastasis, development of symptomatic bone @entity236 ( @entity236 , BMC) is a rare event in the course of metastatic @entity0 ; published evidence on the outcome with systemic treatment is even more scarce. The objective of this study was to provide our institution's experience with the clinical presentation, prognosis, treatment, and associated complications of @entity236 in @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-two @entity0 @entity1 with BMC diagnosed between 1995 and 2009 were analyzed. RESULTS: All @entity1 presented with osseous @entity3 at the time of diagnosis of BMC. @entity417 was the most prominent hematologic sign present in 17/22, followed by @entity882 . Cytotoxic treatment was offered to 21/22 of @entity1 . The majority showed an improvement of @entity1503 following treatment (10 out of 14 anemic @entity1 , 6 out of 9 @entity882 @entity1 , all 4 leukopenic @entity1 ). The complication rate was acceptable, with only 5 grade 3 or 4 events related to @entity1503 ( @entity1398 , @entity548 ). The estimated median overall survival from the date of BMC diagnosis was 19 months. After 4 years, 4 of the @entity1 were still alive. Interestingly, prognosis from the time of first diagnosis of BMC was independent of the duration of @entity3 before BMC had been diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Bone @entity236 has to be considered in @entity0 @entity1 , in particular in those with bone @entity3 and otherwise unexplained @entity1503 . The peripheral blood smear can serve as a simple diagnostic tool, but the extent of @entity6570 is not correlated with survival. Even with severe BMC-associated @entity1503 , @entity146 combination treatment regimens are indicated, since most @entity1 show improved marrow function after chemotherapy and long-lasting survival is possible.

title: Symptomatic bone XXXX in @entity0 --clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis: a single institution review of 22 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow involvement', 'bone marrow carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity6570 :: ('MESH:D004899', 'Disease') :: ['erythroblastosis']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['marrow involvement']


abstract: This research investigated activated adsorption of a hydrophobic organic contaminant(HOC) in mineral micropores using experimental and molecular modeling techniques. Adsorption of @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) on a @entity3440 gel adsorbent was measured using a frontal analysis chromatography technique at atmospheric and elevated fluid pressures. Increasing the fluid pressure yielded increased @entity4966 uptake that was not released upon lowering the pressure back to atmospheric conditions. This showed that the increase in pressure was able to rapidly induce the formation of a desorption-resistant fraction that previous investigations have shown requires months to develop at atmospheric pressure. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) modeling was then used to elucidate the nature of water and @entity4966 behavior within silica micropores. The GCMC modeling showed that molecular scale packing restrictions resulted in pore fluid densities that ranged from 0.28 to 0.78 of those in the bulk solution. The modeling also showed that @entity4966 was able to displace water from hydrophilic mineral pores due to molecular scale packing restrictions. Exothermic isosteric heats for @entity4966 adsorption up to -27 kJ/mol were observed and were greatest in pores of 7 and 8 A. This indicated that @entity4966 adsorption was energetically most favorable in pores that were minimally large enough to accommodate a @entity4966 molecule. The pressure-induced uptake appeared to result primarily from an increase in the packing density in the smallest pores. Ab initio calculations showed that small distortions of a @entity4966 molecule from its low energy conformation require high activation energies. Results from this study indicate that activated adsorption requiring bond angle distortions in the adsorbate may be responsible forthe slow attainment of adsorptive equilibrium of HOCs on microporous solids. Likewise, activated desorption from molecular-sized adsorption sites may contribute to the slow release of HOCs from aquifer sediments.

title: Experimental and molecular mechanics and ab initio investigation of activated adsorption and desorption of XXXX in mineral micropores.

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['trichloroethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Contact @entity1909 accounts for approximately 50% of @entity3675 and is responsible for an estimated 25% of all lost work days. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of using psycho-behavioural assessment in identifying the influence of @entity308 on the treatment of occupational dermatoses. METHODS: The study was conducted on 250 furnace workers exposed to @entity3494 in Helwan district, Cairo, Egypt. A complete history including occupational history and medical assessment were done followed by undergoing a neurobehavioural battery. The battery included the Beck Depression Inventory, personality tests, and cognitive tests. @entity1 received a class 1 topical corticosteroid, @entity19592 soaks, and oral antihistamine for 6 months and after a change of work they were re-examined. RESULTS: After 6 months, @entity1 were divided into two groups according to response to therapy: group A (responders) and group B (non-responders). The psycho-behavioural battery was compared between both groups and showed a significant difference, suggesting the influence of @entity308 on the outcome of treatment among group B @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Psycho-behavioural analysis of @entity3680 @entity1 before starting treatment is recommended. All @entity3680 @entity1 showing a bad psycho-behavioural test should be psychologically treated with psychotherapy or antidepressants.

title: The influence of XXXX on the outcome of treatment in occupational dermatoses workers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['occupational illnesses']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity19592 :: ('MESH:D011196', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium permanganate']

entities_list: @entity3680 :: ('MESH:D009783', 'Disease') :: ['occupational dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The present studies were designed to determine if totally pancreatectomized @entity235 that underwent islet auto-transplantation retained a functional pancreatic counterregulatory response to mild non-insulin-induced @entity4053 . Six @entity235 underwent total pancreatectomy followed by islet auto-transplantation to spleen or omentum. The animals recovered and fasting plasma @entity413 and insulin levels were normal. Each study consisted of a 40-min control and 2-h test period. At the onset of the test period, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor was administered to create mild @entity4053 . Plasma @entity413 in the transplanted @entity235 fell from 120 +/- 4 to 80 +/- 3 mg/dL, similar to the minimum in control @entity235 without islet auto-transplantation (108 +/- 2 to 84 +/- 5 mg/dL). The fall in plasma insulin was similar in both groups. Glucagon, however, rose in response to @entity4053 in the control @entity235 ( @entity39125 +/- 7 pg/mL; p < 0.05), but failed to rise significantly in the transplanted @entity235 ( @entity42057 +/- 6 pg/mL). In fact, only 1 of 7 control @entity235 failed to increase plasma glucagon by at least 25%, whereas 4 of 6 transplanted @entity235 failed to do so. In conclusion, in conscious @entity235 with successfully auto-transplanted islets, the beta cell response to mild non-insulin-induced @entity4053 was normal, whereas the alpha cell response was not.

title: Islet auto-transplantation into an omental or splenic site results in a normal beta cell but abnormal alpha cell response to mild non-insulin-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: @entity13092 ( @entity13092 ) is uncommon, and its management has yet to be determined. We have been able to control five cases of @entity13092 using transjugular retrograde obliteration (TJO), and we report our clinical results with this technique. All of the five @entity1 were suffering from @entity82 and had gastric varices and large gastrorenal shunts. According to Sherlock's classification, the grade of @entity75 was II in two @entity1 , III in two, and IV in one. According to @entity1 's classification, one had class B and four had class C @entity82 . TJO was performed using a 6-F angiographic catheter with an occlusive balloon 20 mm in diameter. Absolute @entity1068 and 5% @entity21780 with @entity3990 were used to obliterate the gastrorenal shunt. The gastrorenal shunt was successfully obliterated, and the @entity75 improved to grade 0 after TJO in all cases. The portal flow volume increased significantly from 542 +/- 189 to 992 +/- 139 mL/min (p < 0.01). The plasma @entity3265 levels before and after TJO were 189 +/- 40 and 51 +/- 23 microg/dL, and the @entity3194 retention rates at 15 min were 44 +/- 13% and 27 +/- 12%, with both changes being significant (p < 0.01). Minor complications observed were fever of over 38 degrees C and tarry stools due to @entity548 in one @entity1 , which was being controlled conservatively. One @entity1 died of @entity157 27 months after TJO. The other four @entity1 survived without recurrence of @entity13092 17-74 months (44 +/- 24 months) after TJO. We conclude that TJO can be adopted as a safe and effective treatment for @entity13092 .

title: Transjugular retrograde obliteration for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity21780 :: ('MESH:C033343', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanolamine oleate']

entities_list: @entity13092 :: ('MESH:D001925', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic portosystemic encephalopathy', 'CPSE']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3990 :: ('MESH:D007479', 'Chemical') :: ['iopamidol']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['portosystemic encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The policy of primary repair of complete @entity474 (CAVSD), using a two-patch technique, was evaluated with special attention to the risk of implantation of a prosthetic atrioventricular (AV) valve. METHODS: From 1986 to 1999, all 97 @entity1 who underwent primary repair for CAVSD were included in a retrospective analysis. Seventy-five @entity1 (75%) had @entity1467 . Preoperative @entity338 was absent or limited in 85 (88%), moderate in seven (7%) and severe in five (5%). Fifty-six @entity1 (58%) were on diuretics, six (6%) on artificial ventilation and four (4%) were on inotropic support. The mean age at operation was 10.2 months (SD, 16.4), with a mean weight of 5.9 kg (SD, 3.7). RESULTS: Early mortality comprised three @entity1 (4%), and late mortality two @entity1 . Follow up was complete and comprised 402 @entity1 -years (mean, 4.5 years; SD, 3.2). The cumulative survival at 10 years was 93% (95% CI, 89-97%). Multivariate analysis with regard to mortality revealed no associations with any of the analyzed factors. Eight @entity1 were reoperated, all for regurgitant left AV valve. The reoperation-free survival at 10 years was 83% (95% CI, 75-91%). Multivariate analysis with regard to reoperation showed being on preoperative diuretics to be a decreasing risk factor (Odd's Ratio (OR), 0.13; 95% CI, 0.00-0. 99; P=0.005) and significant @entity338 to be an increasing risk factor (OR, 9.90; 95% CI, 1. 90-53.0; P=0.001). Only one prosthetic valve was implanted (annual linearized risk of 0.002/ @entity1 -year). At the latest follow up of the surviving @entity1 , @entity338 was absent or limited in 83 (90%) and moderate in nine (10%). Right AV @entity338 was absent or limited in all 92 (100%) @entity1 . All surviving @entity1 are thriving well, seven (8%) of whom are on diuretics. CONCLUSIONS: Primary repair of CAVSD with a two-patch technique, including cleft closure of the left AV valve, has good clinical and functional results without problems for the right-sided AV valve. The need for prosthetic valve implantation for the left AV valve is minimal.

title: Results of primary two-patch repair of complete XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['echocardiographic AV valve regurgitation', 'postoperative left AV valve regurgitation', 'valve regurgitation', 'left AV valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']


abstract: Headaches are among the most common @entity158 syndromes encountered in clinical practice. Of these headaches, 70%-80% are ultimately diagnosed as @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ). Most @entity1 suffering from @entity2701 will experience improvement when treated with traditional modalities, including tricyclic antidepressants, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, and cognitive therapies. Unfortunately, not all @entity1 respond to the traditional modalities. We wish to report 48 @entity1 suffering from @entity158 secondary to intractable @entity2701 who failed to respond to traditional treatment modalities and were treated with cervical @entity134 epidural nerve blocks (CSENB). The average number of CSENB performed per @entity1 was four. Average @entity158 score prior to CSENB was 4.8. Six weeks following CSENB, the average @entity158 score was 0.95. At 3 months follow-up, the VAS score was 0.35. These results suggest that CSENB may appear to provide effective relief of @entity158 to some @entity1 with intractable @entity2701 .

title: Cervical steroid epidural nerve blocks in the palliation of @entity158 secondary to intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension type headaches', 'TTH']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension-type headaches']


abstract: Unique association of hypothyrotropinemia with @entity3214 was described in 2 @entity1 of @entity851 . Both had a history of @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ), but showed an appropriate growth rate after infancy (5 cm/y). Growth hormone secretion after provocation tests was normal, whereas TSH response to @entity1218 was absent. With a highly sensitive TSH radioimmunoassay (RIA) and a specific RIA for @entity6754 -subunit, both responded to a high dose of @entity1218 stimulation. Serum thyroid hormones were within the normal range, while prolactin response to @entity1218 was exaggerated. Exogenous @entity1955 (T4) supplement in case 1 did not improve his growth rate, indicating absence of @entity1375 . Case 2 was treated with @entity27620 , which accelerated his growth velocity to 8 cm/y. During the treatment, serum T4 gradually decreased to 50% of the initial level, but blunted TSH response to @entity1218 remained unchanged. These results indicate that their thyrotrophs are resistant to @entity1218 stimulation and the pituitary setpoint of TSH release is unusually high. The exact mechanism involved in maintaining @entity3214 remains to be elucidated, but a common history of @entity1592 appears to play a role in producing this pituitary-thyroid state.

title: @entity3214 in @entity1 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity27620 :: ('MESH:D013197', 'Chemical') :: ['stanozolol']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['euthyroidism', 'euthyroidism despite hypothyrotropinemia']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['short stature']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 is the most common cause of @entity490 in @entity1 requiring operative intervention. Among a number of sonographic criteria to aid in the diagnosis of @entity698 , an outer diameter >6 mm is the most objective and widely accepted. However, there is a lack of evidence-based standards governing this consensus. STUDY OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the outer appendiceal diameter that maximizes sensitivity and specificity in a pediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective review of all urgent diagnostic ultrasounds (US) was performed over 2 years in @entity1 aged <18 years. The diagnostic accuracy of various cut-points was assessed by calculating the sensitivity and specificity and plotting a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 398 @entity1 in whom the appendix was visualized on US. The median outer appendiceal diameter was significantly higher in the surgical group compared to the nonsurgical group (9.4 mm; range = 8.1-12.0 vs. 5.5 mm; range = 4.4-6.5, p < 0.01). The optimal cut-point with the greatest area under the ROC curve was determined to be an outer appendiceal diameter of 7.0 mm. CONCLUSIONS: In our @entity1 , adopting a 7-mm rather than a 6-mm appendiceal diameter threshold would balance a greater number of missed cases of @entity697 for a reduction in the number of unnecessary surgeries.

title: XXXX : investigating an optimal outer appendiceal diameter cut-point in a pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute appendicitis']


abstract: The present study focuses attention upon the relationship among postmortem mRNA levels of pulmonary @entity413 transporter ( @entity1365 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) to lung weight to investigate pulmonary pathophysiology in the death process. Autopsy cases (n=173, within 48 h postmortem) of @entity1913 , including @entity542 ( @entity131 and @entity6477 ) and non- @entity542 , sharp instrument injury, mechanical @entity2063 , drowning, @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) were examined. @entity1365 and @entity7 mRNAs were quantified by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR for the upper lobes of the bilateral lungs. Combined lung weight was normalized against height for statistical analyses. @entity1365 mRNA showed a higher level for @entity1779 . @entity1365 and @entity7 mRNA levels were higher for @entity131 than for @entity6477 , which showed a significantly lower @entity7 mRNA level. Lung weight showed a larger value for saltwater drowning and @entity1779 , and was larger for @entity6477 than for @entity131 . @entity1365 mRNA level was correlated with lung weight in cases of @entity1779 and @entity131 (survival time <24 h), and @entity7 mRNA showed a similar tendency. Such findings were not detected for other groups. These findings indicate parallel increases in @entity519 -induced responses and lung weight in @entity1779 and @entity131 , suggesting different pulmonary hemodynamics with milder @entity16 compared with other groups, including @entity583 and @entity6477 . Different mechanisms might be involved in non-cardiogenic or neurogenic @entity891 and @entity4 for @entity1779 / @entity131 and @entity3439 .

title: Evaluation of pulmonary @entity1365 and XXXX mRNA levels in relation to lung weight in medicolegal autopsy cases.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain contusions']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic cerebral hemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction/ischemia']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity2063 :: ('MESH:C537571', 'Disease') :: ['asphyxiation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute subdural hematoma', 'acute subdural hemotoma']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injury']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: The subjects were 241 @entity1 with @entity1729 treated at two medical centers in Austria; 161 of the @entity1 were evaluated clinically and, of these, 69 were evaluated bacteriologically. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity800 (n = 101) or a comparison drug ( @entity3403 [n = 27] or @entity115 - @entity798 [n = 33]). The mean age of @entity1 in the @entity800 group was 61 years; that of @entity1 in the comparison groups was 64 years. The mean duration of treatment was nine days; most @entity1 received the study drug intravenously for three days and then orally for four to seven days. In most @entity1 , the doses were 200 mg of @entity800 twice daily; 100 mg of @entity3403 twice daily; or 2,200 mg of @entity115 - @entity798 intravenously two or three times daily, followed by 625 mg orally two to four times daily. The clinical response was rated satisfactory (all pretreatment symptoms disappeared) in 28% of the @entity800 -treated @entity1 and in 22% of the other two groups; improved (all except one symptom improved) in 70% and 65%, respectively; and unsatisfactory in 2% and 13%, respectively. The bacteriologic response was rated satisfactory in 59% of the 39 evaluable @entity800 -treated @entity1 and in 50% of the 30 @entity1 in the other two groups. Most of the unsatisfactory responses were associated with persistent strains of @entity328 . Transient side effects of mild to moderate severity were noted in nine of the 101 @entity800 -treated @entity1 and in seven of the 60 @entity1 in the other two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity800 in the treatment of XXXX : report of a prospective, comparative trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['lower respiratory tract infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the pregnancy outcome following a @entity2208 ( @entity2208 ). METHOD: A prospective cohort study was done on 300 gravida-2 @entity1 : 200 @entity1 (case group) whose previous pregnancy was spontaneously aborted ( @entity5852 ), and 100 @entity1 (control group) whose previous pregnancy went to term and a live fetus was delivered. All the @entity1 were followed until delivery, and then the pregnancy outcomes, neonatal complications and delivery routes were determined and compared between the 2 groups. Pregnancy outcomes included: maternal complications (e.g. placenta previa, @entity5869 , premature rupture of the membranes, @entity1468 and @entity3036 , abortion, breech presentation, @entity3152 , intrauterine fetal death); neonatal complications (low birth weight, gross @entity600 , low Apgar score at 1 min), and delivery routes (cesarean delivery or instrumental delivery, e.g. forceps or vacuum). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that the pregnancy complications following a previous spontaneous @entity2208 were no different from those of the control group, except for abortion (16.5 vs. 11%, p < 0.003, RR = 1.15, CI 95% = 0.95-1.39), @entity5617 (1.5 vs. 0%, p < 0.004, RR = 1.51, CI 95% = 1.39-1.63), and @entity3556 during the first trimester (19 vs. 1%, p < 0.001, RR = 1.57, CI 95% = 1.41-1.75), which were more than those of the control group. Also, the rate of cesarean delivery (28.14 vs. 13.48%) was increased (p = 0.026, RR = 1.25, CI 95% = 1.07-1.47). Neonatal complications were not statistically significantly different in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION: A prior spontaneous @entity2208 is a risk for the next pregnancy, and the risk of @entity5617 will increase. Therefore, careful prenatal care is mandatory.

title: Pregnancy outcome following a @entity2208 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage', 'previous spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['early abortion']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['abortion and intrauterine fetal death', 'fetal deaths']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['miscarriage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare axial reconstructed ultrasonographic images from three-dimensional data volumes and conventional computed tomographic scans in documentation and detection of @entity409 . METHODS: The livers of 23 @entity1 were examined by a multifrequency curved array transducer to acquire three-dimensional data volumes and by conventional computed tomography The ultrasonographic device was equipped with three-dimensional ultrasonographic technology allowing for real-time parallel movement in every plane within an acquired data volume. Axial ultrasonographic images reconstructed from three-dimensional data volumes were compared with conventional computed tomographic scans. RESULTS: When both methods were taken together, a total of 51 different @entity409 could be detected. Reconstructed ultrasonographic images depicted 44 (86%) of 51 lesions, and computed tomographic scans showed 46 (90%) of 51 lesions. Compared with computed tomography, ultrasonography depicted 5 additional lesions in 3 of the @entity1 (4 hemagiomas and 1 unspecified lesion), whereas 7 lesions were missed in another 4 @entity1 (4 metastases, 2 calcifications, and 1 cyst). The Pearson correlation coefficient between ultrasonography and computed tomography was r = 0.84 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that ultrasonographic images can be effectively reconstructed from three-dimensional data volumes. With respect to documentation and detection of @entity409 , the results obtained by three-dimensional ultrasonography appear comparable with those obtained by conventional computed tomography. However, several technical and procedural limitations have to be respected.

title: Comparison of axial reconstructed ultrasonographic images from three-dimensional data volumes and computed tomographic scans in the documentation and detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver lesions']


abstract: We have prospectively studied @entity291 muscle strength (isokinetic concentric and eccentric muscle strength at 90 degrees/s and 225 degrees/s of angular velocity in 24 @entity1 (17 males and 7 females, mean age 43.0 years) surgically treated for @entity924 (at the 2-6 cm level in the tendon). The mean follow-up time was 5 years (range 31-82 months). Surgery was followed by immobilization in a weight-bearing below the knee plaster cast for 2-6 weeks, followed by a stepwise increasing strength training programme. Strength measurements (peak torque) were done preoperatively, and 1 and 5 (mean) years postoperatively. Preoperatively, @entity1411 peak torque at 90 degrees/s and 225 degrees/s and @entity1411 torque at 90 degrees/s were significantly lower (12.3%, 19.7% and 8.5% respectively) on the injured side compared to the non-injured side. Postoperatively, at the 5-year follow-up, 22 out of 24 @entity1 (92%) were satisfied with the operation and active at their desired level (running, tennis, badminton, walking). There was no significant increase in concentric and eccentric @entity291 muscle strength postoperatively. @entity1411 peak torque at 90 degrees/s and 225 degrees/s and @entity1411 peak torque at 90 degrees/s were still significantly lower (7.2%, 8.6% and 8.8% respectively) on the injured side compared to the non-injured side. In conclusion it seems that the @entity291 muscle strength deficit seen on the injured side preoperatively in this group of @entity1 remains despite 92% of the @entity1 being @entity158 -free and active in sports or at recreational level after the operation. However, the percentage side-to-side difference is relatively low, and might not have any clinical relevance.

title: Good clinical results but persisting side-to-side differences in XXXX muscle strength after surgical treatment of @entity924 : a 5-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['chronic Achilles tendinosis']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['Concentric plantar flexion', 'concentric plantar flexion', 'eccentric plantar flexion']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the expectant management superficial recurrent @entity150 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between Jan 1998 and Dec 2003, 112 @entity1 were diagnosed of superficial @entity150 . 13 @entity1 were observed after the diagnosis of @entity5 relapse until the decision to perform a transurethral resection. We analysed the clinical and pathological features. The @entity1 were controlled with flexible cystoscopy every 3 months approximately. Of the 13 @entity1 we count 15 observation events, (2 times in 2 @entity1 ). The decision between to treat or continue with observation was based in changes of appearance, size or number of @entity5 and presence of @entity811 . RESULTS: With a mean age of 74.6 years (47-91). The mean observation time was 5.76 months (3-71). In the group of @entity5 previous to the observation period, in 12 events (10 @entity1 ) that means 80% any progression in grade or stage was observed. In the other 3 events we observed progression in grade and stage in 2 and only stage in 1. In any case we observed progression to @entity150 neither @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Due to the low risk of progression, we believe that immediate eradication is not always necessary, thus reducing the adverse impact of repeat resections.

title: [Is it necessary to always treat the relapses of superficial XXXX at the moment of diagnosis? Preliminary communication].

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['invasive bladder tumour', 'bladder tumour', 'bladder tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['upper urinary tract tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumour']


abstract: OBJECT: The spontaneous prognostic factors and optimal therapeutic strategy for WHO @entity11 ( @entity11 ) have yet to be unanimously defined. Specifically, the role of resection is still debated, most notably because the actual amount of resection has seldom been assessed. METHODS: Cases of @entity11 treated before December 2007 were extracted from a multicenter database retrospectively collected since January 1985 and prospectively collected since 1996. Inclusion criteria were a @entity1 age >=  18 years at diagnosis, histological diagnosis of WHO GIIG, and MRI evaluation of @entity5 volume at diagnosis and after initial surgery. One thousand ninety-seven lesions were included in the analysis. The mean follow-up was 7.4 years since radiological diagnosis. Factors significant in a univariate analysis (with a p value  <= 0.1) were included in the multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis. RESULTS: At the time of radiological diagnosis, independent spontaneous factors of a poor prognosis were an age >=  55 years, an impaired functional status, a @entity5 location in a nonfrontal area, and, most of all, a larger @entity5 size. When the study starting point was set at the time of first treatment, independent favorable prognostic factors were limited to a smaller @entity5 size, an @entity302 symptomatology, and a greater extent of resection. CONCLUSIONS: This large series with its volumetric assessment refines the prognostic value of previously stressed clinical and radiological parameters and highlights the importance of @entity5 size and location. The results support additional arguments in favor of the predominant role of resection, in accordance with recently reported experiences.

title: Spontaneous and therapeutic prognostic factors in adult hemispheric World Health Organization XXXX : a series of 1097 cases: clinical article.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Grade II gliomas', 'GIIGs']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Grade II gliomas']


abstract: @entity2228 receptors (GlyRs), aside from @entity1246 (A) receptors, mediate fast postsynaptic inhibition in the @entity1 nervous system. Spatial and temporal expression of the genes encoding ligand-binding alpha subunits (alpha1-alpha4) and the structural beta subunit leads to the formation of various GlyR isoforms. Currently, the idea of the GlyRs containing the "adult" alpha1 subunit replacing those with the "neonatal" alpha2 subunit during early postnatal development predominates. Here, we describe the patterns of expression of the GlyR alpha1 and alpha2 subunit genes in the @entity35 auditory brainstem between postnatal day (P) 0 and @entity10276 , by using both nonradioactive and radioactive in situ hybridization. We show that the alpha1 subunit mRNA appears throughout the auditory brainstem during the first 8 postnatal days, which resembles the time of onset described within the spinal cord. In the rostral auditory nuclei (nuclei of the lateral lemniscus and inferior colliculus), the alpha1 subunit transcript appears later (P8) than in the caudal nuclei (cochlear nuclear complex and superior olivary complex; P0). Surprisingly, we found that low levels of the alpha2 subunit transcript are present in the auditory brainstem at birth and persist throughout the period analyzed. However, alpha2 subunit mRNA is present at high levels in other neonatal brainstem structures, such as cranial motor nuclei. Therefore, we conclude that the changes in GlyR composition in the auditory brainstem deviate from the classic alpha2 to alpha1 subunit switch observed in spinal cord. Our data suggest that genes for other GlyR subunits (e.g., alpha3 and alpha4) may be expressed during early development in the auditory brainstem.

title: Localization of @entity35 XXXX receptor alpha1 and alpha2 subunit transcripts in the developing auditory brainstem.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycine']

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: Explants of the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system (HNS) from @entity35 were maintained in perifusion culture and exposed to 15-18 mosmol/kg @entity2507 changes in the osmolality of the culture medium achieved by increasing or decreasing the @entity1219 concentration. The rate of change in osmolality was either 0.14 +/- 0.01 mosmol/min (2%/h), 0.27 +/- 0.02 mosmol/min (5%/h), or 1.7 +/- 0.2 mosmol/min (30%/h). @entity1951 (VP) and @entity398 (OT) release into the culture medium was determined. Increased VP release was detected after all three rates of increase, but the peak response occurred sooner and in response to a smaller increment in osmolality during the 5% rate of increase compared with the 2% rate of increase. Peak VP release occurred during the first 10 min of the 30% pulse and was significantly greater than the response to the 2 and 5% rates (P less than 0.05). The increase in VP release was sustained throughout the 3 h of @entity4372 during the 2% pulse, but not during the 5 and 30% osmotic pulses. A significant decrease in VP release was observed on returning the osmolality to basal at both the 2 and 5% rate, but this inhibition was followed by a rebound in VP release that started during the decrease in osmolality and significantly exceeded basal VP release. A significant inhibition of VP release also was observed when explants were exposed to @entity2421 pulses at the 2 and 5% rate. At both rates, the inhibition of VP release corresponded to a 5- to 7-mosmol/kg @entity2507 decrease in osmolality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Osmotic regulation of vasopressin and XXXX release is rate sensitive in hypothalamoneurohypophysial explants.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonicity']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['Vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most important factor for effective zooprophylaxis in reducing @entity311 transmission is a predominant population of a strongly zoophilic mosquito, Anopheles arabiensis. The feeding preference behaviour of Anopheline mosquitoes was evaluated in odour-baited entry trap (OBET). METHODS: Mosquitoes were captured daily using odour-baited entry traps, light traps and hand catch both indoor and in pit traps. Experimental huts were used for release and recapture experiment. The mosquitoes collected were compared in species abundances. RESULTS: Anopheles arabiensis was found to account for over 99% of Anopheles species collected in the study area in Lower Moshi, Northern Tanzania. In experimental release/capture trials conducted at the Mabogini verandah huts, An. arabiensis was found to have higher exophilic tendency (80.7%) compared to @entity313 (59.7%) and Culex spp. (60.8%). OBET experiments conducted at Mabogini collected a total of 506 An. arabiensis in four different trials involving @entity1 , @entity291 , @entity742 , @entity1237 and @entity1707 . Odours from the @entity291 attracted 90.3% (243) compared to odours from @entity1 , which attracted 9.7% (26) with a significant difference at P = 0.005. Odours from @entity742 , @entity1237 and @entity1707 attracted 9.7%, 7.2% and 7.3%, respectively. Estimation of HBI in An. arabiensis collected from houses in three lower Moshi villages indicated lower ratios for mosquitoes collected from houses with @entity291 compared to those without @entity291 . HBI was also lower in mosquitoes collected outdoors (0.1-0.3) compared to indoor (0.4-0.9). CONCLUSION: In discussing the results, reference has been made to observation of exophilic, zoophilic and feeding tendencies of An. arabiensis, which are conducive for zooprophylaxis. It is recommended that in areas with a predominant An. arabiensis population, @entity291 should be placed close to dwelling houses in order to maximize the effects of zooprophylaxis. Protective effects of @entity1 from @entity311 can further be enhanced by keeping @entity291 in surroundings of residences.

title: Feeding and resting behaviour of XXXX vector, Anopheles arabiensis with reference to zooprophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cattle', 'cattles']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: @entity12267 (ATCC 60885) produces conidia that, when plated in enriched media and incubated at 21-25 degrees C, give rise to a @entity375 -form variant (YRT) (ATCC 46678). The virulence of this variant for BALB/c @entity19 has been compared with that of the @entity375 and conidia produced by the parent isolate. Adult female @entity19 were inoculated intravenously with 10(7) viable cells of YRT or @entity375 , or 5 x 10(5) viable conidia. @entity19 were weighed weekly, and three @entity19 were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks post-inoculation and their organs weighed and prepared for determination of viable counts (colony forming units; c.f.u.). Animals infected with @entity375 cells or with conidia exhibited little weight loss in comparison with that seen in the YRT-infected @entity19 which began to lose weight 1 week post-challenge. Organ weights increased in the YRT group, while the changes in the remaining two groups were minor. The c.f.u. from these organs also increased in the YRT-infected @entity19 , whereas the infection in the @entity375 -and conidia-infected @entity19 was self-limiting. A proportion (16.6%) of the YRT-infected animals died during the observation period. Conversely, no @entity204 occurred in the remaining groups. These results indicate that the YRT variant possesses increased virulence.

title: Virulence of a variant of XXXX that exists in the @entity375 form at room temperature.

entities_list: @entity12267 :: ('121759', 'Species') :: ['Paracoccidioides brasiliensis']

answer: @entity12267 :: (121759,Species) :: ['Paracoccidioides brasiliensis']


abstract: Sex difference in @entity410 susceptibility is one of the unresolved issues of @entity302 . It is known that @entity172 is excitatory and @entity1420 is inhibitory to the central nervous system. Therefore, it is to be expected that @entity410 susceptibility may be associated with the estrous cycle, which should be tested in @entity302 research. Otherwise, different results in @entity302 studies could be an artifact of the estrous cycle. Reports in the literature are inconsistent about @entity251 effects on @entity410 . In light of these considerations, sex differences in @entity410 susceptibility were restudied in @entity35 . There was no significant sex difference in mean latencies to @entity5094 -induced @entity410 ; prestrous-females had the shortest latencies to @entity302 compared to males and estrousfemales. With @entity251 -injected @entity35 , there was either no sex difference in latencies (to @entity2845 and focal @entity410 ) or females had significantly shorter latencies than males (to @entity159 , generalized @entity410 , and @entity410 ). @entity251 -treated male @entity35 had a significantly longer mean latency than controls for @entity159 only; otherwise, these males showed no significant differences between mean latencies before and after @entity251 (to focal, @entity2045 , or generalized @entity410 ). In females, mean latencies to @entity410 and @entity159 were significantly shorter after @entity251 than before. It was concluded that there is a sex difference in susceptibility to @entity302 in @entity35 , provided that the estrous cycle is taken into account. @entity251 may increase and decrease @entity410 susceptibility in females and males, respectively. These effects may be important for understanding the mechanisms of @entity302 phenomena and may provide some important clues to @entity302 treatment.

title: Sex difference in susceptibility to @entity302 in XXXX : importance of estrous cycle.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures', 'myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess analgesic use and the use of a @entity158 scoring system on those @entity1 presenting to a paediatric accident and emergency (A_E) department with a history of injury due to @entity130 . A random sample of @entity1 who presented to a paediatric A_E department over a 6-week period with a history of limb @entity130 were prospectively studied. @entity158 severity scores were assessed on arrival and at 10, 30 and 60 minutes using the Douhit Faces Scale and any @entity1337 given or plaster application was noted. One hundred and seventy-two @entity1 were studied. The median age was 10 years (range 3-13 years) and the majority, 56%, were male. The mean initial @entity158 scores were 2.7 (range 1-4) for @entity1 and 3.0 (range 1-4) for @entity1 . The presenting injuries were 103 upper or @entity174 and 69 'soft tissue' injuries. Only 84 (49%) @entity1 received analgesic medication in the department (30% @entity1286 ; 70% @entity1443 ); @entity1337 was not given to the remaining 88 (51%). Of these, 7 declined @entity1337 , and 5 had already taken @entity1337 on arrival to A_E. Despite prompt triage (median time 2 minutes, range 0-10 minutes), the median time from arrival to @entity1443 administration was 20 minutes (range 4-105 minutes) and for @entity1286 was 14 minutes (range 2-57 minutes). @entity158 is a common symptom in @entity1 presenting to A_E. Because @entity1 's @entity158 can be particularly difficult to assess, a @entity158 scoring system such as the Douhit Faces Scale can be a useful means of @entity158 assessment in the A_E setting. Despite increased awareness, @entity158 is still under treated in the A_E department.

title: Use of XXXX in a paediatric accident and emergency department following limb @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb fractures']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']