abstract: DATA SOURCES: Searches were made using Medline, the Cochrane Library, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation database and, by hand, of relevant articles' reference lists. STUDY SELECTION: The search was limited to studies conducted in @entity1 only. The predetermined inclusion criteria were: clinical studies and @entity23 ( @entity23 ) that linked oral hygiene with healthcare-associated @entity55 or @entity1729 in elderly @entity1 . Publications in Dutch, English, German and any of the Nordic languages (Danish, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish) were included. Articles about authority opinions and reports of expert committees were excluded, as were studies on subjects who required mechanical ventilation or tube feeding. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data extraction from @entity23 was focused on the outcomes. Assessments were made of the quality and validity of the studies, using statistical methods to test these. To ensure the consistency of the assessments throughout the study, two authors (EN, PS) performed the data extraction independently, and any disagreements were resolved in consensus meetings. Pooling data from individual studies (meta-analysis) was not deemed appropriate because of heterogeneous study designs, quality of reporting methodological aspects and trial conduct. To provide an overview of additional clinical studies in this research area, the non- @entity23 studies that were identified were scrutinised for the authors' main conclusion(s). RESULTS: Fifteen publications, of which five were @entity23 , fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were considered throughout all the assessments. All of the @entity23 revealed positive preventive effects of oral care on @entity55 or @entity1729 in nursing home residents, with numbers needed to treat ranging from 8.6-15.3. CONCLUSIONS: Available results from @entity23 provide evidence that mechanical oral hygiene decreases mortality risk from @entity55 and seems to have a clinically relevant preventive effect on nonfatal @entity55 in independent elderly individuals. The data show that providing mechanical oral hygiene may prevent approximately 1 in 10 cases of @entity204 from @entity55 in dependent elderly @entity1 and indicate a largely similar effect for prevention of @entity55 .

title: Oral hygiene in elderly XXXX in hospitals and nursing homes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'people']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomised controlled trials']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the design and ventilatory characteristics of a new mode of ventilation (pressurized injection/suction ventilation). DESIGN: Descriptive and analytical laboratory study. SETTING: Laboratory study. SUBJECTS: Simulated lung model and @entity235 . INTERVENTIONS: We tested the ability to maintain ventilation through a 2.5-mm internal diameter ventilating stylet in the setting of simulated complete airway occlusion. A microprocessor-controlled ventilator mode was used wherein injection of @entity26 under high pressure (flow rate 95 L/min) alternates with suction of expired gas (flow rate 18 L/min) through the ventilating stylet. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In a lung model, we achieved a maximum minute ventilation of 12.9 L/min. In two @entity235 , we maintained stable oxygenation (mean PaO2 603 +/- 47 torr [80.4 +/- 6.3 kPa]) and ventilation (mean PaCO2 19 +/- 3 torr [2.5 +/- 0.4 kPa]) for 15 mins at maximum minute ventilation settings. No clinically important deleterious effects on the tracheal mucosa were observed. The ventilator system's safety-abort feature prevented overinflation or excessive deflation of the @entity235 ' lungs in every test of simulated malfunction of the pressure-monitoring mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: Pressurized injection/suction ventilation can maintain adequate gas exchange in an animal model with near-complete @entity1224 . Further work is needed to develop the safety and clinical applications of pressurized injection/suction ventilation in the management of @entity1 with near-complete airway occlusion.

title: A pressurized injection/suction system for ventilation in the presence of complete XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway obstruction']


abstract: PURPOSE: Both BTA TRAK and @entity14276 urine concentrations have shown a sensitivity superior to urine cytology in the detection of @entity150 . We compared these @entity5 markers with urine cytology performed on 3 consecutive samples and evaluated by an expert cytopathologist. @entity1 AND METHODS: The investigations were conducted on 94 @entity1 undergoing a diagnostic cystoscopy for a high suspicion of @entity150 (group 1) and on 102 @entity1 with previous history of @entity1606 awaiting a follow-up cystoscopy (group 2). Biopsy specimens were obtained also from @entity5 negative @entity1 . Immunoassays for BTA TRAK and @entity14276 were carried out according to standard methods. The choice of the cut-off was based on the ground of sensitivity and specificity curves intersection. Urine cytology results were expressed as positive, negative and 'dubious'. RESULTS: Overall sensitivity was 56% for @entity14276 (cut-off 11 U/ml) and 57% for BTA TRAK (cut-off 60 U/ml). When dubious results were considered as positive cases, urine cytology achieved a sensitivity of 73.3%. Assuming dubious cases as negative results, urine cytology sensitivity resulted 59.3%. When the 2 groups of @entity1 were evaluated separately with different cut-off, there was no significant gain in sensitivity for BTA TRAK and @entity14276 over urine cytology. CONCLUSIONS: Urine cytology performed on 3 samples showed the highest sensitivity and specificity. The diagnostic advantage of urine cytology over BTA TRAK and @entity14276 was maintained when @entity1 were stratified by @entity5 grade.

title: BTA quantitative assay and XXXX testing compared with urine cytology in the detection of @entity1606 of the bladder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity14276 :: (4926,Gene) :: ['NMP22']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have examined whether @entity5 expression of @entity3840 (also known as @entity2247 ), an enzyme inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as @entity117 , is associated with prognosis in @entity1 with @entity14 . However, results to date have been mixed. METHODS: Using terms for @entity3840 and @entity14 , the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published, in any language, until December 2011. Random effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled HRs [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for the association between @entity3840 expression and @entity5 recurrence, @entity14 -specific survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: In total, 29 studies, which had prognostic data on 5,648 @entity1 , met the inclusion criteria. @entity3840 -positive @entity1 were at an increased risk of @entity5 recurrence (n = 9 studies; HR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.76-4.41; P < 0.001) and had poorer @entity14 -specific survival (n = 7; HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.02-1.82; P = 0.04). However, there was funnel plot asymmetry, possibly due to publication bias, for the association with @entity5 -specific survival but less so for recurrence. @entity3840 expression was not associated with overall survival [(n = 16; pooled unadjusted HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.94-1.79; P = 0.11) and (n = 9; pooled adjusted HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.72-1.45; P = 0.91)]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3840 expression was associated with an increased risk of @entity5 recurrence and poorer @entity14 -specific survival but not overall survival among @entity1 with @entity14 . However, confounding by @entity5 characteristics such as @entity5 stage seems likely. IMPACT: There is insufficient evidence to recommend @entity3840 expression as a prognostic marker in @entity1 with @entity14 . Furthermore, studies providing adjusted results are required.

title: XXXX ( @entity3840 ) expression and survival among @entity14 @entity1 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['PTGS2']


abstract: We have examined cells dispersed enzymatically from three different sites in the @entity291 lung (tracheal mucosa, bronchial mucosa and parenchyma) and the skin, in order to ascertain whether the @entity291 model could be used to study mast cell heterogeneity. Histochemically there were two sub-populations of mast cells present in both lung and skin (on the basis of @entity11979 staining and the sensitivity to @entity406 fixation), but their proportions were similar in all sites studied. Skin mast cells contained approximately twice the amount of @entity112 than their counterparts in the lung (P less than 0.05). Functional heterogeneity was examined by in vitro release of @entity112 following secretagogue challenge. @entity460 ionophore induced a substantial release of @entity112 ; skin mast cells releasing significantly more @entity112 than any of the lung mast cells (at 10 microM ionophore, 37.1% and 20.7% net @entity112 release, respectively, P less than 0.05), although the time-course of release from the two tissues was similar. The neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide and @entity1943 induced a modest but statistically significant release of @entity112 from both skin and lung mast cells, whilst @entity39120 only induced @entity112 secretion from skin mast cells. A range of other potential immunological and non-immunological secretagogues was unsuccessful in eliciting @entity112 release from mast cells in any of the tissues. We conclude that there were no convincing histochemical differences between mast cells from the sites examined in the lung or skin. Additionally, there was no discernable functional heterogeneity between mast cells within the lung, but functional differences were evident between mast cells of the @entity291 lung and skin. However, in the absence of a suitable immunological stimulus the @entity291 model cannot be regarded as a good model of mast cell heterogeneity.

title: Structural and secretory characteristics of XXXX lung and skin mast cells: evidence for the existence of heterogeneity.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity11979 :: ('MESH:D014048', 'Chemical') :: ['toluidine blue']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Observational studies have suggested that @entity1 with stage IV @entity14 who undergo surgical resection of the @entity5 (SRPT) have better survival. Yet the results are not confirmed in the setting of a randomized controlled trial. Lack of randomization and failure to control prognostic variables such as performance status are major critiques to the findings of the observational studies. We previously have shown that SRPT, independent of chemotherapy and performance status, improves survival of stage IV @entity14 @entity1 . The current study aims to validate our findings in @entity1 with stage IV @entity14 who were diagnosed during the period of modern chemotherapy. METHODS: A cohort of 569 @entity1 with stage IV @entity14 diagnosed during 2006-2010 in the province of Saskatchewan was evaluated. Cox regression model was used for the adjustment of prognostic variables. RESULTS: Median age was 69 years (59-95) and M: F was 1.4:1. Fifty-seven percent received chemotherapy, 91.4% received FOLFIRI or FOLFOX _ 67% received a biologic agent. Median overall survival (OS) of @entity1 who underwent SRPT and received chemotherapy was 27 months compared with 14 months of the non-resection group (p<0.0001). Median OS of @entity1 who received all active agents and had SRPT was 39 months (95%CI: 25.1-52.9). On multivariate analysis, SRPT, hazard ratio (HR):0.44 (95%CI: 0.35-0.56), use of chemotherapy, HR: 0.33 (95%CI: 0.26-0.43), metastasectomy, HR: 0.43 (95%CI: 0.31-0.58), second line therapy, HR: 0.50 (95%CI: 0.35-0.70), and third line therapy, HR: 0.58 (95%CI: 0.41-0.83) were correlated with superior survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms our findings and supports a favorable association between SRPT and survival in @entity1 with stage IV @entity14 who are treated with modern therapy.

title: Surgical Management of the XXXX in Stage IV @entity14 : A Confirmatory Retrospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Primary Tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to assess the specific influence of sex on rehabilitation results. METHODS: A case-control study in 440 consecutive @entity1 with sequelae of first @entity385 were enrolled in 2 subgroups (males and females) and matched for severity of @entity64 (evaluated by means of the Canadian Neurological Scale), age (within 1 year), and onset-admission interval (within 3 days). Functional data, evaluated by means of the Barthel Index and the Rivermead Mobility Index, were compared between subgroups. Logistic regressions were used to clarify the role of sex in affecting global autonomy and mobility. RESULTS: After rehabilitation treatment, a sex-related difference was observed essentially in the higher levels of response. Indeed, more @entity1 than @entity1 reached independence in both stair climbing and activities of daily living (ADL), with a higher response and effectiveness on mobility. In multivariate analyses, male @entity1 had a 3 times higher probability than female @entity1 of good autonomy in both stair climbing and ADL (odds ratio [OR]=3.22; 95% CI, 1.67 to 6.18 and OR=2.92; 95% CI, 1.63 to 5.42, respectively). Conversely, female @entity1 had a higher risk of walking with a cane (OR=1.69; 95%, CI 1.04 to 2.76) or of partial autonomy with respect to ADL (OR=1.90; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.91). No significant difference was found for the other functional parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Female sex is a mildly unfavorable prognostic factor in rehabilitation results after @entity64 .

title: Is sex a prognostic factor in XXXX rehabilitation? A matched comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: Segmental resection for @entity30 is controversial. Compared with subtotal colectomy, segmental resection is reported to be associated with a higher rate of re-resection. Few studies address this issue, and postoperative functional outcome has not been reported previously. This study compared segmental resection to subtotal colectomy with @entity254 with regard to re-resection, postoperative symptoms, and anorectal function. METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 operated on between 1970 and 1997 with segmental resection (n = 31) or subtotal colectomy (n = 26) were included. Reoperative procedures were analyzed by a life-table technique. Segmentally resected @entity1 were also compared separately with a subgroup of subtotally colectomized @entity1 (n = 12) with similarly limited colonic involvement. Symptoms were assessed according to Best's modified @entity30 Activity Index and an anorectal function score. RESULTS: The re-resection rate did not differ between groups in either the entire study population (P = 0.46) or the subgroup of @entity1 with comparable colonic involvement (P = 0.78). Segmentally resected @entity1 had fewer symptoms (P = 0.039), fewer loose stools (P = 0.002), and better anorectal function (P = 0.027). Multivariate analysis revealed the number of @entity694 removed to be the strongest predictive factor for postoperative symptoms and anorectal function (P = 0.026 and P = 0.013, respectively). CONCLUSION: Segmental resection should be considered in limited @entity30 .

title: Segmental resection or subtotal colectomy in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic segments']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", "Crohn's colitis"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Partial trapping with or without bypass revascularization is a well-established strategy in the surgical management of complex @entity439 . Distal outflow occlusion is performed by occluding the efferent artery downstream of the @entity439 and represents an alternative to proximal inflow occlusion in partial trapping treatment. With this article we report a case series employing distal outflow occlusion for managing @entity5487 ( @entity5487 ) and @entity438 and discuss the rationale of this treatment strategy. METHODS: A case series of eight @entity1 who underwent surgery for complex @entity5487 (n   =   3) and MCA (n   =   5) @entity439 by means of distal outflow occlusion and flow-replacement bypass is presented. Two out of the eight @entity1 presented with @entity510 ( @entity510 ) (1 @entity5487 and 1 MCA @entity439 ). RESULTS: In seven out of eight @entity1 (87.5  %), total @entity439 @entity715 was obtained; in one @entity1 , postoperative neuroimaging showed a partial @entity439 @entity715 . @entity439 growth or delayed @entity397 was not observed. All the bypasses were patent at the end of the procedure and all but one at follow-up (asymptomatic occlusion). One @entity1 had postoperative worsening, unrelated to bypass patency. All other @entity1 improved. Three @entity1 maintained an mRS score of 1, four @entity1 had improved mRS scores by >= 1, and 1 @entity1 had a worsened mRS score compared to preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that partial trapping with distal outflow occlusion for treating @entity438 represents a useful strategy as a last resort measure. To avoid @entity2806 , flow-replacement bypass is key to success.

title: Distal outflow occlusion with bypass revascularization: last resort measure in managing complex MCA and XXXX @entity439 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysmal', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['PICA', 'posterior-inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) complex aneurysms', 'complex intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity5487 :: (MESH:D014854,Disease) :: ['PICA']


abstract: By using optimum sampling, transport, and culture techniques in @entity1 with gangrenous or @entity698 , we recovered than has previously been reported. Thirty @entity1 older than 12 years with histologically documented gangrenous or @entity698 had peritoneal fluid, appendiceal tissue, and abscess contents (if present) cultured. Appendiceal tissue was obtained so as to exclude the lumen. A total of 223 anaerobes and 82 aerobic or faculatative bacteria were recovered, an average of 10.2 different organisms per specimen. Twenty-one different genera and more than 40 species were encountered. @entity2868 group and @entity526 were isolated from almost all specimens. Within the @entity2868 group, eight species were represented. Other frequent isolates included Peptostreptococcus (80%), @entity796 (40% [ @entity796 , 23.3%, other @entity796 spp., 16.7%]), @entity33965 (40%), @entity3288 (36.7%), and Lactobacillus (36.7%). Interestingly a previously undescribed fastidious gram-negative anaerobic bacillus was isolated from nearly one half of all @entity1 . This organism was found to have low DNA homology (by dot blot) with the known organisms most closely resembling it.

title: The bacteriology of gangrenous and XXXX --revisited.

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['B. fragilis', 'Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['perforated appendicitis']


abstract: The present study investigated whether functional, molecular, and biochemical alterations occurring in @entity712 can already be detected in compensated @entity101 @entity1283 . Force of contraction (isolated papillary muscle strip preparations), sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) protein and myosin heavy chain isoform expression (Northern and Western blot analysis), @entity296 (collagen stains, @entity720 quantification), myocardial @entity3449 mRNA (RT-PCR), and @entity1808 levels and plasma @entity1369 concentrations (radioimmunoassay) were studied in hypertrophied myocardium from transgenic @entity35 harboring the @entity19 Ren-2d gene. Contraction and relaxation velocities of isolated papillary muscle strips were significantly reduced in @entity1283 . The beta-/alpha-myosin heavy chain ratio was significantly increased in the hypertrophied left ventricles, whereas SR @entity141 -ATPase (SERCA 2a) and phospholamban mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased. The decrease in SERCA 2a was more pronounced than the decrease in phospholamban levels. There was no increased @entity296 . Left ventricular myocardial @entity3449 mRNA and @entity1808 concentrations, as well as plasma @entity1369 levels, were higher in transgenic than in control @entity35 . In @entity101 @entity1283 , myosin heavy chain isoform shift and reduction of SR protein levels are related to @entity299 , respectively. These alterations precede the development of @entity296 . Increased myocardial @entity3449 mRNA and @entity1808 concentrations suggest that an activated tissue @entity3449 -angiotensin system might contribute to these alterations. Since the alterations in compensated @entity1283 apparently precede those in @entity712 , they might accelerate the transition from @entity1184 to failure and could therefore be targets for pharmacological interventions.

title: Contractile @entity299 in @entity3449 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the @entity14377 in the @entity26 -induced @entity989 (OIR) @entity19 by a @entity19149 ( @entity19149 ) antagonist. METHODS: Experimental study. Fifty-eight 7-day-old C57BL/6 @entity19 were divided into 3 groups randomly, the control group (n = 17), the test group (n = 17) and the medication group (n = 24). According to the dosage of @entity9019 , the medication group (n = 24) were divided into low dose group, high dose group, low dose control group, and high dose control group (each group n = 6). Each group (19-day-old) was sacrificed to perform ADPase staining, paraffin sections and immunohistochemical staining (anti- @entity1611 and anti- @entity19149 ). The average positive staining area percentage (APSAP) was measured as the outcomes and processed with the Students' t-test. RESULTS: Real-time PCR showed expression of both @entity1611 mRNA (0.080    0.022 vs. 0.123    0.032) and @entity19149 mRNA (0.731    0.099 vs.0.544    0.108) in retinas from the control group and test group, respectively. The expression of these factors in the test group was significantly higher (t = 2.488, P = 0.038;t = 2.864, P = 0.021). The number of neovascular endothelial nuclear that broke through the retinal internal limiting membrane in the paraffin section in the high dose group and the low dose group was significantly less than that in the self-control group (t = -9.507, P = 0.000; t = -10.761, P = 0.000). The appearance of ADPase staining sections in the medication group was more similar to the simple control group than that of the test group. Immunohistochemical staining sections showed that @entity1611 and @entity19149 expressed in neuroepithelial cells in each group. APSAP in the high dose group and the low dose group was significantly lower than that in the self-control group ( @entity1611 : t = -7.249, P = 0.000; t = -9.02, P = 0.000; @entity19149 : t = -5.246, P = 0.000; t = -5.216, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that @entity9019 block the @entity9843 to reduce the effect of @entity19149 , decrease the production of @entity1611 protein and inhibite neovascularization.

title: [Anti-angiogenesis effect of XXXX in @entity26 -induced @entity989 @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity14377 :: ('MESH:C565433', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of neovascularisation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity9019 :: (MESH:C088327,Chemical) :: ['AMD3100']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overactivity of the bladder detrusor muscle can result in urinary urgency, frequency, and @entity322 . Antimuscarinic agents are the treatment of choice, as they reduce the contractility of this muscle. @entity2180 (SOL) is a competitive muscarinic-receptor antagonist approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in late 2004 for the treatment of @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) with symptoms of urge @entity322 , urgency, and urinary frequency. OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the current primary literature concerning the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability of SOL in the treatment of @entity2182 . METHODS: Pertinent English-language articles were identified through a search of MEDLINE (1966-week 4, 2006), EMBASE (1991-first quarter of 2006), Current Contents/Clinical Medicine (week 10, 2005-week 9, 2006), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MICROMEDEX Healthcare Series, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-present). The search terms were @entity2182 , @entity322 , @entity2180 , @entity2180 , pharmacokinetics, and cost. RESULTS: SOL is highly lipophilic (50:1 @entity10333 :water distribution at pH 7.0), completely orally bioavailable, and 98% protein bound. It is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 3A isozyme, and approximately 50% of a dose is eliminated renally as parent compound, with 1 active and 3 inactive metabolites. In two 12-week Phase III studies, @entity1 receiving SOL 5 or 10 mg had significant reductions compared with placebo in the numbers of voids (P < or = 0.01), @entity322 episodes (P < or = 0.05), and urgency episodes (P < or = 0.01) per 24 hours; the volume voided per micturition was significantly increased (P < or = 0.01). In a study that compared SOL 5 and 10 mg with @entity2181 extended release 4 mg, both agents were associated with significant reductions in the number of voids per 24 hours (-2.45 and -2.24 episodes, respectively; P = 0.004 for noninferiority). In a study of pooled data from two 12-week studies, @entity1 who received SOL 5 or 10 mg reported significant improvements in a number of quality-of-life domains (P < or = 0.05). In a pooled analysis of 4 studies, the most common adverse effects (occurring in > or =3% of any group) in @entity1 receiving SOL 5 mg (n = 266) and 10 mg (n = 612) were @entity2133 (10.9% and 27.1%, respectively), @entity1142 (5.3% and 12.9%), and @entity227 (4.5% and 4.7%). CONCLUSIONS: In the studies reviewed, SOL was effective in the treatment of @entity2182 with urge @entity322 . Adverse effects included @entity2133 , @entity1142 , and @entity227 . Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy and tolerability of SOL in @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: XXXX for the treatment of symptoms of @entity2182 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic or renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity2180 :: ('MESH:C441209', 'Chemical') :: ['YM905', 'solifenacin', 'Solifenacin succinate']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity2180 :: (MESH:C441209,Chemical) :: ['Solifenacin succinate']


abstract: From 1983 to 1988, 20 @entity1 (group A: 3 stage T1, 4 stage T2 and 13 stage T3-4 @entity5 ) with @entity150 were treated with single injection of CDDP (150-200 mg/body), and 28 @entity1 (group B: 4 stage T1, 9 stage T2 and 15 stage T3-4 @entity5 ) were treated twice with injection of CDDP (100 mg/m2) and THP-ADM (40 mg/m2) mixture from the internal iliac artery. As a rule, one half of the agents was equally given for the both sides, while 75% dose was given to the @entity5 side to the case with unilateral localized @entity5 . Then total or partial cystectomy was followed. When residual invasive @entity5 was pathologically present in operative specimens, @entity1 underwent three to six courses of adjuvant chemotherapy including CDDP. Clinical response rate (CR+PR) to the intra-arterial chemotherapy in group A and B were 39% and 62%, respectively. Pathological response rate (grade 3 and grade 4 by Oboshi and Shimozato classification) were 17% in both group. After total cystectomy, the 2-year @entity5 specific survival rates of 17 @entity1 in group A and 22 @entity1 in group B were 75% and 59%, respectively. The 2-year @entity5 specific survival rates of 8 @entity1 in group A and 10 @entity1 in group B with pT3b were 63% and 54%, respectively. No @entity5 death occurred thereafter in the @entity1 of group A during another three years. The 3-year @entity5 specific survival rate of 9 @entity1 after partial cystectomy (3 in group A, 6 in group B) was 86%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Intra-arterial CDDP and CDDP plus THP-ADM therapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Botulinum toxin has been demonstrated clinically to be an effective treatment for a variety of laryngeal problems, most notably @entity7364 . As in other @entity717 , the theory behind the injection of this substance in the larynx has been a weakening of the vocal fold musculature to relieve uncoordinated and @entity6389 movement of the vocal folds, presumably rebalancing the forces within the intralaryngeal musculature. Recently, this concept was applied to help reposition the arytenoid cartilage in acute and longstanding anteromedial cricoarytenoid dislocations. This same concept may apply to the paralyzed vocal fold. In support of this idea, a number of investigators have shown that immobile, clinically paralyzed vocal folds may still have partial voluntary motor unit activity. This voluntary activation may not produce clinically evident movement but may be sufficient to produce tone within the fold. If the voluntary motor units in the abductor musculature of the paralyzed fold are weakened with botulinum toxin, the continued pull of the functioning adductor musculature may be sufficient to medialize the paralyzed fold. This idea has been supported by animal experiments, which have shown that botulinum toxin may affect the ability of the fold to rebalance itself. With this evidence in mind, a @entity1 with fold immobility secondary to @entity15 was treated in an attempt at laryngeal rebalancing, using botulinum toxin to medialize the fold. However, instead of simply having the fold return fixed to the midline, the @entity1 regained normal laryngeal mobility and voice. While it is unclear whether the botulinum toxin alone was responsible, the coincidence of this occurrence certainly requires reporting. This paper is a report of the first successful treatment of vocal fold @entity912 using botulinum toxin to treat vocal fold fixation in a @entity1 with @entity15 .

title: Botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of vocal fold XXXX associated with @entity15 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['spasmodic']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['spasmodic dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of adjuvant postoperative therapy after resection of localised malignant @entity320 involving regional lymph nodes remains controversial. There are no randomised trials that confirm that postoperative radiation conveys a benefit in terms of regional control or survival. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-four @entity1 with @entity320 involving lymph nodes were registered on a prospective study to evaluate the effect of postoperative radiation therapy. The regimen consisted of 48Gy in 20 fractions to the nodal basin using recommended treatment guidelines for each of the major node sites. The primary endpoints were regional in-field relapse and late @entity137 . Secondary endpoints were adjacent relapse, distant relapse, overall survival, progression-free survival and time to in-field progression. RESULTS: Adjuvant radiation therapy was well tolerated by all of the @entity1 . As the first site of relapse, regional in-field relapses occurred in 16/234 @entity1 (6.8%). The overall survival was 36% at 5 years. The progression-free survival and regional control rates were 27% and 91%, respectively, at 5 years. @entity1 with more than 2 nodes involved had a significantly worse outcome in terms of distant relapse, overall and progression-free survival. CONCLUSION: We believe that adjuvant radiation therapy following nodal surgery could offer a possible benefit in terms of regional control. These results require confirmation in a randomised trial.

title: A prospective phase II study of adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy following nodal surgery in malignant XXXX -Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) Study 96.06.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: It is well known that the initial reaction of @entity6560 -induced @entity120 in @entity35 ( @entity7541 ) is injury to the endothelial cells of pulmonary vascular bed by @entity42223 (MP), which is converted from @entity6560 (M) by @entity19442 in hepatic microsomes. It is also known that the degree of @entity7541 differs between sexes. The mechanisms of @entity7541 remain, however, to be elucidated. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the converting ability of hepatic microsomes and the sexual difference in @entity7541 using castrated male @entity35 . A 40 mg/kg dose of M was given to fifteen 6 week-old male, twelve 6 week-old female and fifteen 6 week-old castrated male, @entity35 . The castration was done at three weeks of age. Four weeks after M administration, the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and the right ventricular to total ventricular weight ratio (RV/T) were measured as indices of @entity120 . Livers were taken from six 6 week-old male, six, 6 week-old female and six 6 week-old castrated male, @entity35 and then homogenized and centrifuged to extract hepatic microsomes. M, at 3.3 mM, was added to concentrated hepatic microsomes (0.25 to 1.5 mg/ml) in order to produce MP. The concentration of the MP was measured using a modification of Mattock's method. The mean value of RVSP was 86.5 mmHg in males, 59.6 mmHg in females and 73.9 mmHg in castrated males. The mean value of RV/T was 0.453 in males, 0.358 in females and 0.403 in castrated males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Relationship between the converting ability of liver microsomes and XXXX -induced @entity120 in male, female and castrated male @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity6560 :: ('MESH:D016686', 'Chemical') :: ['monocrotaline']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley, rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity42223 :: ('MESH:C014114', 'Chemical') :: ['monocrotaline-pyrrole']

answer: @entity6560 :: (MESH:D016686,Chemical) :: ['monocrotaline']


abstract: The experimental toxicological findings of @entity1340 are reviewed and discussed. @entity1340 is a centrally acting analgesic. In acute @entity137 studies, LD50 values are estimated to be around 300-350 mg/kg body weight ( @entity35 , @entity19 , oral administration). After intravenous administration the LD50 values ranged from 50 to 100 mg/kg body weight. In subacute and chronic @entity137 studies, clinical signs of intoxication are mainly behavioural disorders and @entity410 , beginning at dose levels of 25 mg/kg. Clinical pathological alterations or morphological lesions, in particular neuropathological findings were not detected. Overall, the battery of mutagenicity studies shows no evidence of a genotoxic risk to @entity1 . Reproductive and developmental @entity137 investigations and carcinogenicity studies were without substance-dependent findings. Toxicological and toxicokinetical data of both enantiomers did not show biologically relevant deviations in comparison to the data on @entity1340 . The toxicological characteristic of this compound is demonstrated.

title: The experimental toxicology of XXXX : an overview.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol', 'Tramadol']

answer: @entity1340 :: (MESH:D014147,Chemical) :: ['tramadol']


abstract: @entity299 ( @entity299 ) is the most common form of developmental @entity600 and is the leading noninfectious cause of @entity1 mortality. Emerging evidence indicates that @entity74 are involved in the pathogenesis of @entity299 . Nevertheless, @entity299 is genetically heterogeneous, and the molecular basis for @entity299 in a majority of @entity1 remains unknown. In this study, the whole coding region of @entity43289 , a gene encoding a @entity219 -finger transcription factor crucial for normal cardiogenesis, was sequenced in 380 unrelated @entity1 with @entity299 . The relatives of the index @entity1 harboring the identified mutations and 200 unrelated control individuals were subsequently genotyped. The functional effect of the mutations was characterized using a luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, two novel heterozygous @entity43289 mutations, @entity46108 and @entity46109 , were identified in two families with @entity1757 and @entity215 , respectively. The mutations co-segregated with @entity299 in the families with complete penetrance, and were absent in 400 control chromosomes. Functional analysis demonstrated that the mutated @entity43289 proteins were associated with significantly decreased transactivational activity in comparison with their wild-type counterpart. These findings provide novel insight into the molecular mechanism implicated in @entity299 , suggesting potential implications for the early prophylaxis and personalized treatment of @entity299 .

title: Novel @entity43289 mutations associated with @entity1757 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart disease', 'CHD']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of fallot']


abstract: BACKGROUND The risk of recurrent @entity66 due to the reintroduction of @entity5 cells via autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue is unknown. METHODS A systematic review of literature derived from MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Studies on follow-up after autotransplantation; detection of @entity5 cells in ovarian tissue from oncological @entity1 by histology, polymerase chain reaction or xenotransplantation; and epidemiological data on ovarian metastases were included. RESULTS A total of 289 studies were included. @entity3 were repeatedly detected in ovarian tissue obtained for cryopreservation purposes from @entity1 with @entity1778 , as well as in one @entity1 with @entity2828 . No metastases were detected in ovarian tissue from @entity706 and @entity0 @entity1 who had their ovarian tissue cryopreserved. Clinical studies indicated that one should be concerned about autotransplantation safety in @entity1 with @entity14 . For @entity1 with @entity5 , clinical data were relatively reassuring, but studies focused on the detection of metastases were scarce. Oncological recurrence has been described in one survivor of cervical @entity0 who had their ovarian tissue autotransplanted, although these recurrences may not be related to the transplantation. CONCLUSIONS It is advisable to refrain from @entity43 . With survivors of all other @entity5 , current knowledge regarding the safety of autotransplantation should be discussed. The most reassuring data regarding autotransplantation safety were found for @entity706 @entity1 .

title: Autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in XXXX survivors and the risk of reintroducing malignancy: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tissue autotransplantation in survivors of leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oncological disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['cancer and one survivor of breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'low-stage cervical carcinoma', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, gastric and endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bronchodilators have been reported to influence regional lung ventilation in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), which may change regional lung sound distribution. Vibration response imaging (VRI) is a lung imaging system for the assessment of breath sounds. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a short-acting b2-agonist ( @entity6411 ) on the regional distribution of lung sounds in @entity1030 @entity1 . METHODS: A double-blind crossover trial was performed to compare the treatment of @entity1030 @entity1 with an @entity6411 (20   g of inhaled @entity11610 ) versus a placebo. The percentage of regional lung sound energy [quantitative lung data (QLD)] was evaluated with VRI. VRI, spirometry, and impulse oscillometry (IOS) were performed immediately before and 30 min after @entity6411 administration. RESULTS: Ten male @entity1 (69.6    14.2 years of age, percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s: 43.8    16.9%) were evaluated. The use of an @entity6411 produced significant functional improvements in the spirometric and IOS measurements. Among the homogeneous @entity2415 @entity1 (n = 7), the @entity358 decreased (from 24.2    5.8 to 18.8    6.1%, p < 0.05) and the @entity358 increased (from 37.9    12.7 to 46.1    14.3%, p < 0.05) following @entity6411 inhalation. However, the significant redistribution of the regional lung QLD to the lower-lung field was not observed in 2 of the 3 inhomogeneous @entity2415 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The additional use of an @entity6411 by @entity1030 @entity1 improved their pulmonary function, which was accompanied by changes in regional lung air flow. The distribution of @entity75 and the bronchial reactivity to @entity6411 appeared to affect the redistribution of the lung sounds following bronchodilator administration.

title: Effects of bronchodilators on regional lung sound distribution in XXXX with @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['emphysematous lesions']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity11610 :: ('MESH:D017265', 'Chemical') :: ['procaterol']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lower-lung QLD', 'upper-lung QLD']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Juglans regia leaves have been used in folk medicine to alleviate inflammatory diseases. This study investigates the antinociceptive, anti-Inflammatory and acute @entity137 effects of Juglans regia L. leaves in @entity19 . METHODS: 351 Male and female albino @entity19 were divided into negative (saline), positive ( @entity1286 or @entity3522 ) controls as well as test groups (n=6-8). The acute (intraperitoneally) @entity137 was evaluated for 2 days. Antinociceptive activities were done using hot-plate and writhing tests. Anti-inflammatory effects were studied using @entity11574 induced ear @entity4 and @entity2708 pellet tests. RESULTS: The LD50 values of J. regia aqueous and ethanolic extrats were 5.5 and 3.3 g/kg, respectively. The aqueous (2.87 and 1.64 g/kg) and ethanolic (2.044 and 1.17 g/kg) extracts showed antinociceptive activity in hot-plate test. The pretreatment of @entity1510 (2 mg/kg, s.c.) did not inhibit the extracts activities. The extracts exhibited antinociceptive activity in writhing test, which were not blocked by @entity1510 . In @entity11574 test, both extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity in some doses. The extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity against the @entity32 . CONCLUSION: J. regia leaves demonstrated antinociceptive effect through non-opioid receptors and anti-inflammatory effect against @entity32 . The extracts of J. regia could be considered as a promising analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents against diseases such as @entity309 .

title: Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and acute @entity137 effects of juglans regia L. Leaves in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'acute and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endophenotypes are quantitative, laboratory-based measures representing intermediate links in the pathways between genetic variation and the clinical expression of a disorder. Ideal endophenotypes exhibit deficits in @entity1 , are stable over time and across shifts in psychopathology, and are suitable for repeat testing. Unfortunately, many leading candidate endophenotypes in @entity161 have not been fully characterized simultaneously in large cohorts of @entity1 and controls across these properties. The objectives of this study were to characterize the extent to which widely-used neurophysiological and neurocognitive endophenotypes are: 1) associated with @entity161 , 2) stable over time, independent of state-related changes, and 3) free of potential practice/maturation or differential attrition effects in @entity161 @entity1 (SZ) and nonpsychiatric comparison subjects (NCS). Stability of clinical and functional measures was also assessed. METHODS: @entity1 (SZ n=341; NCS n=205) completed a battery of neurophysiological (MMN, P3a, P50 and N100 indices, PPI, @entity427 , antisaccade), neurocognitive (WRAT-3 Reading, LNS-forward, LNS-reorder, WCST-64, CVLT-II). In addition, @entity1 were rated on clinical symptom severity as well as functional capacity and status measures ( @entity10686 , UPSA, SOF). 223 subjects (SZ n=163; NCS n=58) returned for retesting after 1 year. RESULTS: Most neurophysiological and neurocognitive measures exhibited medium-to-large deficits in @entity161 , moderate-to-substantial stability across the retest interval, and were independent of fluctuations in clinical status. Clinical symptoms and functional measures also exhibited substantial stability. A Longitudinal Endophenotype Ranking System (LERS) was created to rank neurophysiological and neurocognitive biomarkers according to their effect sizes across endophenotype criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of neurophysiological and neurocognitive measures exhibited deficits in @entity1 , stability over a 1-year interval and did not demonstrate practice or time effects supporting their use as endophenotypes in neural substrate and genomic studies. These measures hold promise for informing the "gene-to- @entity44772 gap" in @entity161 research.

title: Characterization of neurophysiologic and neurocognitive biomarkers for use in genomic and clinical outcome studies of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['startle habituation']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity526 K1 infection is a major cause of @entity693 , with high rates of mortality and disability. Despite years of research, only a small number of factors contributing to @entity526 K1 virulence have been identified. The @entity45703 (twin- @entity369 translocation) protein export system is found in the cytoplasmic membrane of @entity526 and is involved in the transport of folded proteins. In vivo and ex vivo models using the African @entity9222 , @entity9222 , were employed to explore the role of @entity45703 pathway in @entity526 K1 virulence using @entity45703 -deletion mutants. Groups of locusts were infected and mortality was recorded at 24-h intervals. The findings revealed that /\tatA, /\tatAC and /\ @entity45703 produced levels of mortality similar to wild-type @entity526 K1, with >78% mortality recorded within 72 h. @entity582 was determined from haemolymph obtained 3 and 24 h postinfection. Again, wild-type and /\tatA produced similar levels of @entity582 . In contrast, /\tatAC and /\ @entity45703 produced lower levels of @entity582 . Following injection of bacteria into isolated head capsules ex vivo, all mutants invaded the CNS. Overall, these studies showed no evidence of involvement of the @entity45703 pathway in locust mortality but suggest its possible role in @entity582 .

title: The role of the twin- @entity369 translocation pathway in XXXX K1 pathogenicity in the African @entity9222 , @entity9222 .

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia', 'Bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity9222 :: ('7004', 'Species') :: ['migratory locust', 'Locusta migratoria']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We had for aim to describe control and investigation of an outbreak caused by a strain of Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing @entity3274 in intensive care units of the Brest teaching hospital. @entity1 AND METHOD: The case definition was a @entity1 infected by or carrying the @entity6475 . Control measures and investigations are presented. A case-control study was conducted in the surgical intensive care unit. Each case was matched with two controls based on admission times in the unit. The study focused on diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and potential contacts with healthcare workers, in this context of cross transmission. RESULTS: Between February and May 2011, nine cases were reported in the surgical ICU and two in the medical ICU. Eighteen controls were matched with the nine surgical ICU cases. Several factors were found to be statistically associated with @entity281 or colonization by the @entity6475 : the surgical block in which @entity1 had been operated and the ward of first hospitalization; the number of trans-esophageal and trans-thoracic echocardiographies, of central venous catheter insertions, and of surgical operations; intubation. The total number of invasive procedures was also found to be statistically higher among cases. CONCLUSION: This study identified factors associated with colonization or @entity281 by the @entity6475 . These factors might have been involved in the transmission tree, and be vulnerable elements for the prevention of @entity580 and colonisations, and their epidemic spread.

title: Outbreak of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing XXXX in an intensive care unit (Brest).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic strain']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity3274 :: (573,Species) :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of mandibular @entity174 treatment by @entity6044 ( @entity6192 ) with open reduction and rigid internal fixation (ORIF). @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 85 @entity1 admitted to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service at San Francisco General Hospital and treated for @entity174 from January 1 to December 31, 1993. The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: 1) those treated with @entity6192 and 2) those treated with ORIF. The outcome variables were length of hospital stay, duration of anesthesia, and time in operating room. The charge for primary @entity174 treatment included the fees for the operation and hospitalization without any complications. Within the group of 85 @entity1 treated for @entity174 in 1993, 10 @entity1 treated with @entity6192 and 10 @entity1 treated with ORIF were randomly selected, and hospital billing statements were used to estimate the average charge of primary treatment. The average charge to manage a major @entity86 also was estimated based on the billing statements of 10 randomly selected @entity1 treated in 1992 (5 treated with @entity6192 , 5 with ORIF) who required hospital admission for the management of a complication. The average total charge was computed by using the average charge for primary treatment plus the incidence of @entity86 multiplied by the average charge for management of that complication. RESULTS: Eighty-five @entity1 were included in the study. The average charge for primary treatment was  10,100 for the @entity6192 group and  28,362 for the ORIF group. The average charge for the inpatient management of a major @entity86 was  26,671 for the @entity6192 group and  39,213 for the ORIF group. The average total charge for management of a mandible @entity174 with @entity6192 was  10,927; the total charge for the ORIF group was  34,636. CONCLUSION: The results of this retrospective study suggest that the use of @entity6192 in the management of @entity174 at our institution provides considerable savings over treatment by using ORIF. The use of ORIF should be reserved for @entity1 and @entity174 types with specific indications.

title: A financial analysis of maxillomandibular fixation versus rigid internal fixation for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'mandibular fractures']

entities_list: @entity6044 :: ('MESH:D005596', 'Disease') :: ['closed reduction with maxillomandibular fixation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['mandibular fractures']


abstract: The morbidity and mortality benefits of new forms of continuous renal replacement therapy remain controversial. The authors have compared a cohort of consecutive prospectively studied critically ill @entity1 with @entity810 treated with @entity400 ( @entity400 ) (n = 76) to a previously described antecedent group of @entity1 treated in intensive care with intermittent hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis ( @entity7617 [ @entity7617 ]) (n = 84). @entity1 were comparable for mean age, gender distribution, and mean number of failing organs ( @entity400 : 4; @entity7617 : 3.9). @entity400 @entity1 were more severely ill as measured by APACHE II score ( @entity400 : score of 29; @entity7617 : score of 25.8). Despite their greater illness severity, @entity400 @entity1 more often survived to hospital discharge ( @entity400 : 40.8%) than did @entity7617 @entity1 ( @entity7617 : 29.8%; NS). After adjustment for illness severity, in @entity1 with two, three, or four failing organs, survival was 54.3% for @entity400 versus 29.3% for @entity7617 (p < 0.01). Survival was 48% for @entity400 @entity1 with an intermediate APACHE II score (24 to 29), compared with 12.5% for comparable @entity7617 @entity1 (p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were seen at either extreme of illness severity. Complications were significantly fewer during @entity400 (1 vs. 18). These data support the view that @entity400 reduces morbidity and mortality in critically ill @entity1 with @entity810 .

title: Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration compared with @entity7617 in critically ill XXXX with @entity810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration', 'CVVHD']

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['conventional dialysis', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity671 receptor (InsP3R) family of @entity141 release channels is central to intracellular @entity141 signaling in @entity1 cells. The InsP3R channels release @entity141 from intracellular compartments to generate localized @entity141 transients that govern a myriad of cellular signaling phenomena (Berridge, 1993. Nature. 361:315-325; Joseph, 1996. Cell Signal. 8:1-7; Kume et al., 1997. Science. 278:1940-1943; Berridge, 1997. Nature. 368:759-760). express multiple InsP3R isoforms, but only the function of the single type 1 InsP3R channel is known. Here the single-channel function of single type 2 InsP3R channel is defined for the first time. The type 2 InsP3R forms channels with permeation properties similar to that of the type 1 receptor. The InsP3 regulation and @entity141 regulation of type 1 and type 2 InsP3R channels are strikingly different. Both InsP3 and @entity141 are more effective at activating single type 2 InsP3R, indicating that single type 2 channels mobilize substantially more @entity141 than single type 1 channels in cells. Furthermore, high cytoplasmic @entity141 concentrations inactivate type 1, but not type 2, InsP3R channels. This indicates that type 2 InsP3R channel is different from the type 1 channel in that its activity will not be inherently self-limiting, because @entity141 passing through an active type 2 channel cannot feed back and turn the channel off. Thus the InsP3R identity will help define the spatial and temporal nature of local @entity141 signaling events and may contribute to the segregation of parallel InsP3 signaling cascades in @entity1 cells.

title: Isoform-specific function of single XXXX receptor channels.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity671 :: (MESH:D015544,Chemical) :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']


abstract: Large epidemiologic studies have associated @entity3811 with the risk of @entity301 . However, there has been a lack of information regarding the outcomes for @entity1 who have @entity210 attacks during hospitalization for acute @entity583 . We reviewed the data of 444 consecutive @entity1 who were admitted to our hospital between 2005 and 2008 due to @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The clinical outcomes were compared between @entity1 with @entity210 and those without. Of the 444, 48 @entity1 with @entity583 developed @entity3811 during hospitalization. The multivariate analysis identified prior history of @entity210 and estimated glomerular filtration rate as independent risk factors of @entity210 for @entity1 with @entity583 (odds ratio (OR) 21.02, 95  % CI 2.96-149.26, p   =   0.002; OR 0.92, 95  % CI 0.86-0.99, p   =   0.035, respectively). The in-hospital mortality and duration of hospital stay did not differ significantly between the gouty group and the non-gouty group (controls). During a mean follow-up of 49        28  months, all-cause mortality and @entity64 were similar for both groups. Multivariate Cox regression showed that @entity210 was independently associated with short- and long-term adverse non-fatal @entity299 (hazard ratio (HR) 1.88, 95  % CI 1.09-3.24, p   =   0.024; HR 1.82, 95  % CI 1.09-3.03, p   =   0.022, respectively). @entity210 among @entity1 hospitalized due to @entity583 was independently associated with short-term and long-term rates of adverse non-fatal @entity299 .

title: @entity3811 complicated with @entity583 is independently associated with short- and long-term adverse non-fatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'acute ST elevation myocardial infarction', 'acute STEMI', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis', 'acute gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['Gout attack', 'gout', 'gout attack']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: Historically, @entity2762 has been treated with surgical debridement followed by hospitalization and administration of intravenous antibiotics. Recently, hand surgeons have treated this disorder on an outpatient basis. We retrospectively reviewed 37 @entity1 with @entity2762 who were managed as outpatients. Each @entity1 underwent operative irrigation and debridement with intraoperative catheter irrigation. Postoperatively, @entity1 were treated with outpatient intravenous antibiotics. Conversion to oral antibiotics was based on intraoperative culture results. Using this protocol, the average length of intravenous antibiotic usage was 3.5 days. Of the 28 @entity1 with documented follow-up, 27 resolved the @entity281 and one had a recurrence of the @entity281 . No amputations were noted. Total active motion measurement was obtained from 15 @entity1 showing good or excellent results in 14 of 15 @entity1 . This preliminary retrospective case cohort suggests favorable results with outpatient treatment of @entity2762 .

title: The outpatient treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis']

answer: @entity2762 :: (MESH:D013717,Disease) :: ['pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis']


abstract: This behavioral study was performed in order to delineate the antinociceptive effects of and the influence on motor function of a highly potent, competitive @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity8547 (CPP). After intrathecal (i.t.) administration of CPP to chronically catheterized rats, antinociception was studied in 3 different nociceptive tests: the tail-flick test, the hot-plate test, and the @entity406 test. The lowest dose producing visible @entity66 was 1 nmol, with 2 of 8 animals showing @entity2055 . Dose-related @entity66 and apparent sedation was present after 5 and 10 nmol. Dose-related antinociception was evident in the thermal tests following doses that produced little or no @entity66 . In the tail-flick test, the antinociceptive effect was attenuated at higher doses, resulting in a bell-shaped dose-response relationship. Dose-related antinociception was found in both the first and second phase of the @entity406 test following doses from 0.25 up to 1 nmol. The present study shows that the competitive @entity143 antagonist @entity8547 has an antinociceptive effect in doses that do not affect motor function. Furthermore, antinociception was evident in both phasic and tonic nociceptive tests. Finally, the dose-response relationship in the tail-flick test was bell-shaped. As discussed this indicates that @entity143 receptors may be involved in functionally divergent nociceptive systems.

title: The @entity143 antagonist XXXX (CPP) has antinociceptive effect after intrathecal injection in the rat.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity8547 :: ('MESH:C050592', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid', 'CPP']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['slight ataxia']

answer: @entity8547 :: (MESH:C050592,Chemical) :: ['3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid']


abstract: Clausena excavata is a natural herb with both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been used for decades in folkloric practice for the amelioration of various ailments. In this study, the gastroprotective activity of methanolic extract of C. excavata leaves (MECE) was determined in the @entity35 @entity1068 -induced @entity2275 model. @entity35 were pretreated with a single dose of vehicle (5% @entity9266 ), 20 mg/mL @entity4546 , 400 and 200 mg/mL of MECE dissolved in 5% @entity9266 . @entity1066 was induced with 5 mL/kg of @entity1068 and stomach tissue was obtained after 1 hour. Histological examination was done on @entity1710 and @entity1711 , periodic acid-Schiff, and immunochemically stained gastric mucosal tissues. @entity1421 , @entity224 dismutase, @entity12609 , @entity2041 peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation levels of the gastric tissue homogenates were also determined. Significantly (P<0.05) smaller @entity1066 areas, less intense @entity4 , and fewer leukocytes' infiltration were observed in MECE- and @entity4546 -treated than in untreated @entity356 with @entity1066 . The gastric pH, mucus production, @entity224 dismutase, @entity12609 , and @entity2041 peroxidase contents increased, while the lipid peroxidation content decreased as a result of MECE treatment. @entity1976 -associated X protein was underexpressed, while @entity39152 and transforming growth factor-beta protein were overexpressed in the ulcerated @entity356 tissues treated with @entity4546 and MECE. Similarly, there was a reduction in the levels of @entity5 necrotic factor-alpha and @entity568 , while the level of @entity13358 was increased. This study showed that the gastroprotective effect of MECE is achieved through inhibition of gastric juice secretion and @entity1066 development, stimulation of mucus secretion, elevation of gastric pH, reduction of reactive @entity26 species production, inhibition of apoptosis in the @entity356 , and modulation of inflammatory cytokines.

title: Prophylactic effects of Clausena excavata Burum. f. leaf extract in XXXX -induced @entity2275 .

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer lesion', 'Ulcer', 'ulcer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rat', 'Rats']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 and adolescents with @entity302 have an overrepresentation of @entity146 . However, few studies in pediatrics have characterized specific @entity146 conditions associated with @entity410 localization. In addition, degree to which @entity146 may be more prominent in @entity1 refractory to standard medical treatment for @entity302 is not known. The aim of this study was to assess @entity146 symptoms in @entity1 with medically @entity302 and ascertain whether symptoms were associated with specific localization. METHODS: Case records were reviewed for 40 @entity1 with medically @entity302 at the time of their referral for presurgical evaluation. @entity1 received a clinical @entity146 evaluation and parents completed the @entity1 Behavioral Checklist (CBCL). @entity410 localization was verified by pediatric epileptologists, and suitability for surgical procedures was verified by neurosurgical specialists. Groups were compared based on localization of @entity410 foci, either in the temporal lobe or predominantly extratemporal. KEY FINDINGS: The majority of the sample had @entity146 diagnoses and @entity146 , well beyond the level reported in chronic @entity302 populations. In addition, @entity1 with temporal lobe @entity410 foci had more @entity146 categories rated in the clinically significant range, and also were more likely to have clinical diagnoses of @entity308 . SIGNIFICANCE: Routine @entity146 evaluation prior to @entity302 surgery may be important for pediatric @entity1 with medically @entity302 . @entity146 , particularly @entity308 , may be especially prominent for those with temporal lobe @entity410 foci.

title: Psychiatric symptoms in @entity1 prior to XXXX surgery differ according to suspected @entity410 focus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness', 'CBCL behavioral problem', 'Psychiatric illness', 'behavior problems']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The effects of ligands on the dissociation of the alpha beta tubulin dimer into the two subunits were investigated using @entity291 brain tubulin. Sedimentation equilibrium studies showed a number of linkages. In the absence of @entity1760 in the medium, tubulin- @entity3007 , tubulin- @entity3006 , and tubulin with the exchangeable site unoccupied associate with essentially the same strength (K alpha beta = 1 x 10(7) M-1). This indicates that the ground state of tubulin (i.e., in the absence of @entity1760 ) is not affected by occupancy of the exchangeable @entity377 binding site (E site). The alpha beta association is enhanced by @entity1760 ions. The association of tubulin with @entity3006 in the E site is linked to the uptake of twice as many @entity1760 ions as that of tubulin with @entity3007 in the E site. This suggests that @entity1760 binding is linked to an E-site-related conformational change. Consideration of the linkages between the binding of @entity1760 ions, E-site occupancy, and tubulin conformation in terms of the model [Howard, W. D., _ Timasheff, S. N. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 8292-8300] in which the tubulin alpha beta dimer exists in an equilibrium between two conformations, a microtubule-forming ("straight") state favored by @entity3007 and a double-ring-forming ("curved") state favored by @entity3006 , leads to the conclusion that the ground state of tubulin is the ring-forming or "curved" conformation. Thus, in the absence of @entity1760 , the tubulin heterodimer exists in the ring-forming conformation, whether the E site is occupied by @entity3007 or @entity3006 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Linkages between the dissociation of alpha beta tubulin into subunits and ligand binding: the ground state of tubulin is the XXXX conformation.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3006 :: (MESH:D006153,Chemical) :: ['GDP']


abstract: @entity56 is associated with persistent @entity1224 and remodeling, but little is known about the mechanisms leading to these alterations. This paucity of information is related in part to the absence of chronic models of @entity56 . Herein we describe a model of persistent @entity1224 , @entity1373 , and subepithelial @entity82 that is initiated by the intratracheal introduction of @entity54 spores or conidia into the airways of @entity19 previously sensitized to A. fumigatus. Similar persistent airway alterations were not observed in nonsensitized @entity19 challenged with A. fumigatus conidia alone. A. fumigatus-sensitized @entity19 exhibited significantly enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness to a @entity2710 challenge that was still present at 30 days after the conidia challenge. Eosinophils and lymphocytes were present in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from A. fumigatus-sensitized @entity19 at all times after conidia challenge. Compared with levels measured in A. fumigatus-sensitized @entity19 immediately before conidia, significantly elevated @entity60 ( @entity60 ) and transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) levels were present in whole lung homogenates up to 7 days after the conidia challenge. At day 30 after conidia challenge, significantly elevated levels of @entity58 ( @entity58 ) and @entity1312 were present in the A. fumigatus-sensitized @entity19 . Histological analysis revealed profound @entity1373 and airway @entity82 at days 30 after conidia, and the latter finding was confirmed by @entity720 measurements. Thus the introduction of A. fumigatus conidia into A. fumigatus-sensitized @entity19 results in persistent airway hyperresponsiveness, @entity82 , and @entity1373 .

title: Chronic @entity1224 , XXXX , and peribronchial @entity82 during @entity56 induced by @entity54 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['goblet cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical allergic airway disease', 'allergic airway disease']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['goblet cell hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the survival of @entity1 and @entity1 with transitional cell @entity150 . METHODS: We used the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database to identify @entity1 aged 35 years or older diagnosed with @entity150 between 1991 and 2001 actively followed up. We excluded cases diagnosed by autopsy or @entity204 certificates and those of unknown race. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to analyze survival in @entity1 with @entity1442 . RESULTS: Of the 31,009 @entity1 meeting eligibility criteria, 26.7% were @entity1 . Median age at diagnosis for @entity1 and @entity1 was 72 and 70 years, respectively. Regional disease was diagnosed in 20.3% of white @entity1 and 35.5% of African-American @entity1 , compared with only 17.6% of white @entity1 and 25.9% of African-American @entity1 (P < .001). Increased age, African-American race, and being female significantly increased the hazard of @entity204 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.037, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1,034-1.041; HR 1.402, 95% CI 1.187-1.656; and HR 1.842, 95% CI 1.158-2.931). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity150 , particularly African-Americans, have shorter survival. This is partially explained by higher risk of diagnosis with poorly differentiated @entity5 , advanced stage, and advanced age. @entity1 should be targeted for timely diagnosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2.

title: Comparative outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze setup deviations using daily megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) and to evaluate three MVCT frequency reducing protocols for @entity5 @entity1 treated with helical tomotherapy. METHODS: We recorded the setup errors of 56 @entity1 with gynecological @entity5 observed throughout their whole course by matching their daily MVCT with the planning CT. Systematic and random errors were calculated on a @entity1 and population basis. We defined three different protocols corresponding to MVCTs from the first five fractions (FFF), the first ten fractions (FTF) or from the first and third weeks (505). We compared theoretical. setup errors calculated using these 5 or 10 early MVCT scans with the actual errors found with the remaining fractions to to analyze the residual deviations. RESULTS: The total systematic (random) deviations had means of -2.0 (3.8)mm, 0.5 (3.4)mm, 0.5 (6.1)mm and -0.5   (0.9  ) in vertical (V), longitudinal (LO), lateral (LA), and roll (R) directions, respectively. The proposed three MVCT protocols resulted in minor residual deviations. In all three protocols, 95% of all calculated residual deviations were less than or equal to 5 mm in all 3 directions. When examining the additional minimal CTV- @entity343 setup margins that were calculated based on these residual deviations, the 505 protocol would have allowed smaller margins than the FFF and FTF protocol, particularly in the V direction. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity5 , the 505-protocol led to the lowest residual deviations and therefore might offer the best approach in reducing the frequency of pre-treatment MVCTs.

title: Optimizing image guidance frequency and implications on margins for gynecologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The analysis of heart rate variability has been accepted as a non-invasive method to evaluate the influence of the autonomic nervous system over the heart. Although heart rate variability has been used during the last decade in several illnesses the studies in @entity1121 are scarce. OBJECTIVES: We report the activity of the autonomic nervous system in @entity1 with @entity1121 using the analysis of heart rate variability. @entity1 AND METHODS: Heart rate variability was evaluate by the analyzing 24-h ambulatory electrocardiograms (Holter) in 20 @entity1 with @entity1121 and in 15 controls. This method has been used to measure heart rate variability. Spectral analysis of the frequencies were calculated using fast Fourier transformation. Spectral heart rate variability was computed as high (0.15 to 0.40 Hz) low (0.04 to 0.15 Hz) and total (0.01 to 1.0 Hz). We compared the relation between low/high frequency as an index of the sympathetic/parasympathetic balance. All data are expressed as mean value +/- SD. The unpaired Student t-test was used. A two tailed p valued < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There were no differences in the mean heart rates among the @entity1 with @entity1121 and normal subjects (mean +/- SD: 71 +/- 9 versus 74 +/- 11 beats/minute; p = NS) while there was a significant decline in total spectral (mean +/- SD: 7.14 +/- 1.1 versus 7.57 +/- 0.6 ln [ms2]; p = 0.02) and high (mean +/- SD: 5.22 +/- 0.8 versus 5.63 +/- 1.3 ln [ms2]; p = 0.04) as well as in low spectral frequency of heart rate variability (mean +/- SD: 22 +/- 0.8 versus 5.63 +/- 1.3 ln [ms2]; p = 0.04) in @entity1 with @entity1121 . There were no differences in the low/high frequency component ratio in these @entity1 (mean +/- SD: 1.1 +/- 0.1 versus 1.2 +/- 0.1 ln [ms2]; p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: These facts suggest that the @entity1 with @entity1121 have an alteration in the autonomic nervous system: sympathetic (low spectral frequencies) and parasympathetic activity (high spectral frequencies), although this does not reflect an imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activities (relation of low to high spectral frequencies).

title: [Appraisal of the state of the autonomic nervous system in XXXX by the analysis of heart rate variability].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The promoter region of the rod-specific beta subunit of @entity6708 @entity1923 ( @entity1923 ) and opsin genes contains highly conserved cis-acting elements, which include an @entity19505 and/or @entity50639 response element (NRE: An extended @entity19505 like sequence). Transactivation of @entity19505 or NRE appears necessary to drive expression of these rod-specific genes during adulthood, however, their role during development is relatively unknown. Therefore, we determined the spatial and temporal relationships between rod morphological and functional development, rod-specific gene expression, and expression of the bZIP transcription factors @entity5019 , @entity35841 and @entity50639 . METHODS: Retinas from 0-45 day old (PN0-45) dark- and light-adapted Long-Evans @entity35 were used. Morphological development was monitored by light and electron microscopy. Whole retinal trypsin-activated @entity6708 - @entity1923 activity and @entity18588 content were measured biochemically. The expression of opsin, @entity1923 , @entity5019 , @entity35841 and @entity50639 mRNAs were determined by Northern blot analysis. The cellular localization of @entity50639 was examined with in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The mRNAs for opsin, @entity1923 and @entity5019 were observed at PN0-2, while @entity6708 - @entity1923 activity and @entity18588 were detected first at PN5: coincident with rod outer segment development. The developmental pattern of @entity6708 - @entity1923 activity and @entity18588 accumulation paralleled the expression of @entity1923 and opsin mRNA and all reached their maximal levels by PN45. @entity50639 expression, for all three transcripts found in the @entity35 retina, was low on PN2 and reached its maximal level at PN14. The @entity5019 and @entity50639 expression preceded @entity1923 and opsin mRNA expression by 1-2 days. @entity50639 expression was detected first in the distal post-mitotic retina at PN5 and then in all nuclear layers during retinal development. Maximal expression shifted from the ganglion cells to the outer nuclear layer as the @entity1274 matured. In contrast, @entity35841 expression was highest at PN0 and declined to a stable level by PN10. CONCLUSIONS: Colocalization of @entity50639 and @entity5019 suggests that expression of rod-specific genes, which utilize @entity19505 or NRE sites in their promoter, could be regulated through the formation of @entity50639 -Fos dimers. We hypothesize that @entity50639 and @entity5019 play a fundamental role in the initiation and regulation of the rod-specific gene expression in developing and adult rod photoreceptors.

title: Spatial and temporal expression of XXXX responsive rod photoreceptor genes and bZIP transcription factors during development of the @entity35 retina.

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural retina']

answer: @entity19505 :: (24516(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['AP-1']


abstract: @entity358 are important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with PM/ @entity3918 . Thirteen (27%) out of 49 PM/ @entity3918 @entity1 in the study had developed @entity1576 . @entity1576 resulted form @entity17647 (i.p.) in 6, @entity358 in 2 and both in 5 @entity1 with PM/ @entity3918 . @entity1576 was fatal in PM/ @entity3918 @entity1 with @entity358 and eleven of the 13 @entity1 expired. More importantly, 2 PM/ @entity3918 @entity1 with @entity1576 had responded to chemotherapy, if it was due to @entity358 . Accordingly, it is almost important to distinguish i.p. and infection for the cause of @entity1576 . However, plain chest X-ray as well as standard laboratory tests failed to differentiate i.p. and @entity358 . On the other hand, high resolution CT of the lungs, serum endotoxin and serum beta-D-glucan were found to be useful for the differentiation of these conditions associated with @entity1576 in PM/ @entity3918 @entity1 . And additionally low serum level of IgG and @entity2905 at the onset of @entity1576 may suggest that the @entity1 may have @entity358 rather than i.p.

title: [ XXXX in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: differential diagnosis between @entity358 and interstitial pneumonitis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary diseases', 'pulmonary diseases', 'pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'Respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity17647 :: ('MESH:C566214', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Respiratory failure']


abstract: @entity5124 is widely reported, but this is the first case reported in Serbia. A newborn developed @entity649 2 hours after delivery and was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Initial empirical therapy was inappropriate. Consequently, on the second day, the @entity1 developed @entity693 . @entity5125 was isolated from the tracheal aspirate, blood, periumbilical swab, and cerebrospinal fluid. After bacteriology results, the therapy was changed to @entity869 and @entity2889 . On day 11 of hospitalization, the @entity1 developed @entity580 due to multidrug-resistant @entity14346 . Since therapeutic options were limited, the @entity1 was treated with @entity2177 . After 26 days of hospitalization the @entity1 showed complete recovery and was discharged with no apparent sequelae. This case showed the importance of bacteriological examination in cases of @entity281 caused by uncommon organisms. Pediatricians should be aware of the @entity281 caused by @entity14346 .

title: @entity5124 followed by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14346 :: ('40324', 'Species') :: ['Stenotrophomonas maltophilia']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity5124 :: ('MESH:D008088', 'Disease') :: ['Neonatal listeriosis']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infection']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity17824 ( @entity17824 ) is usually described as several continuous high-voltage delta waves (> or = 150 microV) in the sleep electroencephalogram of somnambulistic @entity1 . However, studies have yielded varied and contradictory results. The goal of the present study was to evaluate @entity17824 over different electroencephalographic derivations during the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep of somnambulistic @entity1 and controls during normal sleep and following 38 hours of @entity1949 , as well as prior to @entity4464 episodes. DESIGN: N/A. SETTING: @entity25 clinic. @entity1 : Ten adult sleepwalkers and 10 sex- and age-matched control subjects were investigated polysomnographically during a baseline night and following 38 hours of @entity1949 . INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: During normal sleep, sleepwalkers had a significantly higher ratio of @entity17824 over the time spent in stage 2, 3 and 4 on frontal and central derivations when compared with controls. Sleep deprivation resulted in a significant increase in the ratio of the time in @entity17824 over the time in stage 4 on the frontal lead in both groups and on the central lead in controls. There was no evidence for a temporal accumulation of @entity17824 prior to the episodes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity17824 shows a clear frontocentral gradient across all subjects during both baseline and recovery sleep and has relatively low specificity for the diagnosis of @entity15881 . Increases in @entity17824 after @entity1949 may reflect an enhancement of the homeostatic process underlying sleep regulation.

title: Hypersynchronous delta waves and somnambulism: brain topography and effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity15881 :: ('MESH:D020923', 'Disease') :: ['NREM parasomnias']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity17824 :: ('MESH:C585640', 'Disease') :: ['HSD', 'Hypersynchronous delta activity']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['sleepwalking']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disorders']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['sleep deprivation']


abstract: @entity526 CspA, a major @entity1457 protein, is dramatically induced upon temperature downshift. As it binds co-operatively to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and RNA without apparent sequence specificity, it has been proposed that CspA acts as an RNA chaperone to facilitate transcription and translation at low temperature. CspA consists of a five-stranded beta-barrel structure containing two RNA-binding motifs, RNP1 and RNP2. Eukaryotic Y-box proteins, such as @entity1 @entity25536 , are a family of nucleic acid-binding proteins that share a region of high homology with CspA (43% identity), termed the @entity1457 domain (CSD). Their cellular functions are very diverse and are associated with growth-related processes. Here, we replaced the six-residue loop region of CspA between the @entity48987 strands with the corresponding region of the CSD of @entity1 @entity25536 protein. The resulting hybrid protein became capable of binding to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in addition to ssDNA and RNA. The dsDNA-binding ability of an RNP1 point mutant ( @entity48988 ) of the hybrid was almost unchanged. On the other hand, the dsDNA-binding ability of the hybrid protein was abolished in high salt concentrations in contrast to its ssDNA-binding ability. These results indicate that the loop region between the @entity48987 strands of Y-box proteins, which is a little longer and more basic than that of CspA, plays an important role in their binding to dsDNA.

title: Acquisition of double-stranded DNA-binding ability in a hybrid protein between XXXX CspA and the @entity1457 domain of @entity1 @entity25536 .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['cold shock']

entities_list: @entity48988 :: ('p|SUB|F|20|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['F20L']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognosis of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) @entity1 who developed bone-only @entity3 after primary treatment and the stratification of these @entity1 into different risk groups based on independent prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty @entity189 @entity1 who developed bone-only @entity3 after definitive radiotherapy from October 2005 to December 2010 were enrolled. All these @entity1 received palliative treatment for bone @entity3 , including chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Clinical features, treatment modality, and laboratory parameters were examined with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 15.5 months (range, 2-67 months) for the whole cohort. The median overall metastatic survival (OMS) time and the 2-year estimate OMS rate were 26.5 months and 52%, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity1 with short metastases-free interval, multiple bone metastases sites, high serum lactic dehydrogenase levels, and treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone had significantly worse outcomes. @entity1 were stratified into three different risk groups based on the number of adverse factors present. The OMS curves of the three groups were all significantly different (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Severl prognostic factors were found to be associated with worse outcomes. According to the number of adverse factors present, bone-only @entity3 @entity1 can be stratified into three risk groups with significantly different prognoses. Such grouping may help in improving the design of clinical trials and in guiding individualized treatment for @entity189 @entity1 with bone-only @entity3 .

title: Prognostic Evaluation of @entity189 with Bone-Only XXXX after Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']