abstract: Our aim was to generate and prove the concept of "smart" plants to monitor plant @entity3151 (P) status in @entity958 . Smart plants can be genetically engineered by transformation with a construct containing the promoter of a gene up-regulated specifically by P starvation in an accessible tissue upstream of a marker gene such as beta-glucuronidase (GUS). First, using microarrays, we identified genes whose expression changed more than 2.5-fold in shoots of plants growing hydroponically when P, but not N or K, was withheld from the nutrient solution. The transient changes in gene expression occurring immediately (4 h) after P withdrawal were highly variable, and many nonspecific, shock-induced genes were up-regulated during this period. However, two common putative cis-regulatory elements (a PHO-like element and a TATA box-like element) were present significantly more often in the promoters of genes whose expression increased 4 h after the withdrawal of P compared with their general occurrence in the promoters of all genes represented on the microarray. Surprisingly, the expression of only four genes differed between shoots of P-starved and -replete plants 28 h after P was withdrawn. This lull in differential gene expression preceded the differential expression of a new group of 61 genes 100 h after withdrawing P. A literature survey indicated that the expression of many of these "late" genes responded specifically to P starvation. Shoots had reduced P after 100 h, but growth was unaffected. The expression of @entity66935 , a gene involved in the synthesis of @entity66473 , responded specifically to P starvation and was increased 100 h after withdrawing P. Leaves of @entity958 bearing a @entity66935 ::GUS construct showed increased GUS activity after P withdrawal, which was detectable before P starvation limited growth. Hence, smart plants can monitor plant P status. Transferring this technology to crops would allow precision management of P fertilization, thereby maintaining yields while reducing costs, conserving natural resources, and preventing pollution.

title: Changes in gene expression in XXXX shoots during phosphate starvation and the potential for developing smart plants.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity66473 :: ('MESH:C015518', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfolipids']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is one of the most common reasons of mortality in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 . In nearly 20% of @entity1 with @entity14 metastatic lesions are diagnosed. In general, survival of @entity1 with metastatic lesions to the liver and other organs is poor. Conventional therapy of @entity14 is based on the surgical excision of the @entity5 , chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: was to determine the expression of @entity25909 and @entity31175 molecules inside the @entity5 , at the border of the @entity5 , in the healthy tissue, and peripheral blood, considering @entity1 with @entity14 @entity3 to the liver. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group comprised 39 @entity1 subject to surgical treatment at the Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, due to @entity14 with liver @entity3 . @entity25909 and @entity31175 adhesive molecule levels were determined inside the @entity5 , at the border of the @entity5 , and in the healthy margins of the @entity954 . Additionally, the authors evaluated the peripheral blood level of the above-mentioned molecules on the day of the surgical procedure, and 10 days, thereafter. RESULTS: The mean @entity25909 levels were the highest inside the @entity5 , significantly decreasing towards the direction of healthy tissues. The average peripheral blood molecule levels were four-fold higher on the day of the surgical procedure, as compared to values obtained on the tenth postoperative day. This dependency also concerned the remaining statistical measures.The mean @entity31175 levels showed no significant difference, regardless their location. The authors observed significant, peripheral blood, @entity31175 level differences, considering the day of the surgical procedure and tenth postoperative period. The mean @entity31175 peripheral blood level was several times higher on the day of the surgical procedure, as compared to the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of the activity of @entity25909 and @entity31175 molecules might create opportunities to plan treatment and predict prognosis in case of @entity14 . Proper immuno-therapeutic management which is based on the expression of the above-mentioned molecules might help determine the risk of @entity3 , preventing from their development. In advanced cases treatment of liver @entity3 might be possible.

title: Determination of the activity of XXXX (OX-40) and @entity31175 (4-1BB) adhesive molecules by means of flow cytometry in @entity1 with @entity14 @entity3 to the liver.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal carcinoma', 'CRC', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity25909 :: (7293,Gene) :: ['CD134']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies appreciate the @entity1778 -associated alterations in plasma lipid profiles but fail to provide a consistent pattern of @entity14822 in @entity1778 @entity1 . These inconsistencies could be due to overlooking the effects of related confounding risk-factors and comorbidities. METHODS: The plasma lipid profiles of @entity3052 and control groups were compared. RESULTS: We observed that @entity981 ( @entity981 ) @entity1 display significantly higher @entity1674 and very low-density lipoproteins, whereas, @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 display significantly lower high-density lipoproteins. To assess the confounding effects of related risk factors gender-, age- and BMI-based analyses were performed. We observed that the aforementioned significant differences in the lipid profiles of @entity1778 @entity1 were restricted to female @entity1 of the respective groups. Moreover, a significant decrease in total @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein levels was observed only in male @entity1 of the @entity3052 population. Various age-specific trends in plasma lipid profile of the @entity1778 @entity1 were also observed. BMI-based analysis did not display many significant differences from the overall analyses. In addition to comparing the absolute values of plasma lipids in @entity1778 and control groups we also compared and observed significant differences in prevalence of various isolated- and mixed- @entity2299 in these groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may help in outlining the prevalence and types of @entity2299 in @entity1778 @entity1 that may emerge as diagnostic/prognostic factors for the management of @entity3052 .

title: Revisiting the XXXX associated with @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemias', 'dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute-leukemia', 'AML', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete surgical excision is the most important long-term prognostic factor of @entity704 . Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been reported as an effective treatment to excise mediastinal thymic lesions, it has not replaced median sternotomy as the standard approach because of the lack of long-term follow-up studies. The objective of this study was to analyze and to compare the outcome of VATS extended thymectomy with the traditional open approach. METHODS: This is a single center's retrospective study of 27 @entity1 submitted to surgery for early stage @entity704 between 1995 and 2007. Histologic subtype and clinicopathologic staging were classified, respectively, according to World Health Organization and Masaoka criteria. @entity1 with preoperative computed tomography scan evidence of clinical Masaoka stage 1 @entity704 were selected for VATS thymectomy with unilateral technique. RESULTS: All @entity1 successfully underwent surgery: 3 with VATS and 4 with an open approach. There were no differences in time of surgery and postoperative complication between the two groups. @entity1 who had VATS had shorter postoperative hospital stay than @entity1 who had open technique. After a median follow-up of 123 months, there were no postoperative recurrences. CONCLUSION: VATS is a safe operation and has comparable effectiveness to the open technique in terms of oncological radicality for small, early stage @entity704 .

title: Long-term outcome for early stage XXXX : comparison between thoracoscopic and open approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymoma', 'thymomas']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of monoclonal immunoglobulin (MIg) among @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ) according to the capillary electrophoresis or immunofixation method of detection and to search for any related clinical correlations. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective multicenter comparison of capillary electrophoresis and immunofixation results in @entity785 @entity1 and of the characteristics of @entity1 with and without MIg. RESULTS: The study included 244 @entity785 @entity1 (216 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 , mean age: 55  14years). Median time since @entity785 diagnosis was 51months [0-320]; disease was diffuse in 48% of cases. Ten percent of @entity1 had @entity5 , including Waldenstr  m @entity8057 (n=1) and multiple @entity1582 (n=3). Capillary electrophoresis showed a y-globulin anomaly in 41% of cases, and immunofixation in 18%: MIg (13.5%) and restriction of heterogeneity (4.5%). Capillary electrophoresis failed to detect 60% of the 33 MIg @entity1 . Measurable MIg concentrations were obtained from 7 @entity1 . MIg @entity1 were significantly older at @entity785 diagnosis than those without MIg (p=0.002), had a lower diffusing capacity (p=0.002), a higher prevalence of @entity120 and @entity5 (p=0.002) and were more frequently positive for anti-mitochondrial and anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I antibodies (p=0.03 and p=0.02, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed that only age at test [hazard ratio 1.03 (95% CI, 1.00-1.07, p=0.04)] and presence of @entity5 [hazard ratio 4.46 (95% CI, 1.6-12.4, p=0.004)] were associated with MIg. CONCLUSION: Immunofixation detected a high prevalence of MIg among @entity785 @entity1 especially in @entity1 aged 50-years or older. MIg was not detected by the standard capillary electrophoresis in 60% of cases and was significantly associated with @entity5 .

title: XXXX and prevalence of monoclonal immunoglobulin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['Systemic sclerosis']


abstract: The clonal determination of B-cell @entity1071 by @entity7639 ( @entity7639 ) rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used. However, few attempts have been made to detect immunoglobulin kappa light chain (Igkappa) gene rearrangement using PCR. We studied 145 cases of B-cell @entity5 , along with 58 atypical and 18 reactive @entity1071 , using newly designed degenerate oligoprimers recognizing the framework 3 (FR3kappa) and the joint (Jkappa) regions of the Igkappa gene. PCR products were analyzed on nondenaturing @entity2975 gel (ndPAGE). Clonal B-cell determination was further investigated using @entity7639 rearrangement and t(11:14) or t(14:18). By combining these methods, we detected either clonality or translocation in 117 of 137 cases (85%) in mature B-cell @entity5 . The additional analysis of Igkappa rearrangement improved sensitivity from 66% to 85%. To investigate whether the Ig gene configuration could be characterized using Igkappa PCR in B-cell @entity5 showing severe breakdown of genomic DNA, 18 selected cases were analyzed. Successful amplification was detected in 72% of the cases using either FR3/2-JH and/or FR3Jkappa oligoprimers. Finally, clonality was detected in 21 of 58 atypical B-cell proliferations, and among them, the atypical marginal cell (54%) and atypical large cell (50%) proliferations showed the highest frequency of clonal immunoglobulin gene products. We concluded that PCR/ndPAGE analysis of Igkappa is a sensitive, rapid, and efficient method for assessing clonality in conjunction with @entity7639 and specific translocation analysis. This approach is particularly useful in the characterization of B-cell @entity1071 in archival material with poor preservation of the genomic DNA.

title: Detection of immunoglobulin kappa light chain rearrangements by polymerase chain reaction. An improved method for detecting clonal B-cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity7639 :: ('3495', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin heavy chain', 'IgH']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1071 :: (MESH:D008232,Disease) :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The early-life social environment can induce stable changes that influence neurodevelopment and mental health. Research focused on early-life adversity revealed that early-life experiences have a persistent impact on gene expression and behavior through epigenetic mechanisms. The @entity774 is sensitive to changes in the early-life environment that associate with DNA methylation of a neuron-specific exon 17 promoter of the @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) ( @entity4738 ). Since initial findings were published in 2004, numerous reports have investigated @entity4738 gene methylation in relationship to early-life experience, parental stress, and psychopathology. We conducted a systematic review of this growing literature, which identified 40 articles (13 animal and 27 @entity1 studies) published since 2004. The majority of these examined the @entity4738 exon variant 1F in @entity1 or the GR17 in @entity35 , and 89% of @entity1 studies and 70% of animal studies of early-life adversity reported increased methylation at this exon variant. All the studies investigating exon 1F/17 methylation in conditions of parental stress (one animal study and seven @entity1 studies) also reported increased methylation. Studies examining psychosocial stress and psychopathology had less consistent results, with 67% of animal studies reporting increased exon 17 methylation and 17% of @entity1 studies reporting increased exon 1F methylation. We found great consistency among studies investigating early-life adversity and the effect of parental stress, even if the precise phenotype and measures of social environment adversity varied among studies. These results are encouraging and warrant further investigation to better understand correlates and characteristics of these associations.

title: Effects of the Social Environment and Stress on XXXX Gene Methylation: A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['Nr3c1', 'glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis']

answer: @entity4738 :: (2908,Gene) :: ['Glucocorticoid Receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the hip among elderly @entity1 in China and the US. METHODS: We recruited a population-based sample of 1,506 @entity1 (82% of those enumerated) ages > or = 60 years living in Beijing, China. Subjects answered questions about joint symptoms and underwent radiography of the pelvis. Radiographs of the Beijing subjects were intermingled with hip radiographs of white @entity1 ages > or = 65 years from the @entity3604 ( @entity3604 ) and white @entity1 and @entity1 ages 60-74 years from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-I) and were then interpreted. Radiographic @entity570 was defined as the presence of 1 of the following 3 findings in either hip: minimum joint space of < or = 1.5 mm, definite @entity5040 and joint space narrowing, or > or = 3 radiographic features of @entity571 . Symptomatic @entity570 was defined as both radiographic @entity571 and @entity158 . RESULTS: The crude prevalence of radiographic @entity570 in Chinese ages 60-89 years was 0.9% in @entity1 and 1.1% in @entity1 ; it did not increase with age. Chinese @entity1 had a lower age-standardized prevalence of radiographic @entity570 compared with white @entity1 in the @entity3604 (age-standardized prevalence ratio 0.07) and the NHANES-I (prevalence ratio 0.22). Chinese @entity1 had a lower prevalence of radiographic @entity570 compared with white @entity1 of the same age in the NHANES-I (prevalence ratio 0.19). There were no cases of symptomatic @entity570 in the Chinese @entity1 and only 1 case in the Chinese @entity1 ; 35 cases were expected in both sexes. CONCLUSION: This is the first population-based study of @entity570 in China to use standardized radiographic methods and definitions. We found that @entity570 was 80-90% less frequent than in white @entity1 in the US. Identification of the genetic and environmental factors that underlie these differences may help elucidate the etiology and prevention of @entity570 .

title: Very low prevalence of XXXX among Chinese elderly in Beijing, China, compared with whites in the United States: the Beijing @entity571 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['SOF', 'Study of Osteoporotic Fractures']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['hip osteoarthritis']


abstract: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ), a major chemical hazard during occupational exposure, can cause obvious @entity272 , including irritant reactions and @entity1909 . @entity842 (NO) synthesized by @entity842 synthase (NOS) is involved in a broad array of pathogenesis of skin inflammatory and immune responses. To understand the mechanisms of @entity4966 -induced dermatoxicity, we investigated the effects of @entity4966 on NO production and NOS mRNA expression in cultured normal @entity1 epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). Cells were treated with @entity4966 (0 mM, 0.125 mM, 0.25 mM, 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 2.0 mM) for 4 h, and then incubated for 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. At each given time point, NO production were evaluated indirectly by measuring @entity3542 plus @entity1507 concentration in the culture medium using Griess reaction, as well as cell viability determined by @entity98 test, @entity3623 and @entity9554 activities assayed with a NOS activity detecting kit. The expression of @entity3623 and @entity9554 mRNA was detected using RT-PCR. @entity4966 decreases cell viability and enhance NO production from NHEK in concentration- and time-dependent manner. @entity5118 (AG), an inhibitor of NOS, can prevent NO production and cell viability decrease in NHEK by @entity4966 induced. Change to NO production was accompanied by increased activities of both types of NOS, but the @entity3623 activity accounted mainly for the @entity4966 -induced NO production. RT-PCR detection showed that NHEK expressed both @entity3623 and @entity9554 mRNA by @entity4966 exposure. Whereas a concentration- and time-dependent up-regulation of the mRNA expression was observed for @entity3623 and @entity9554 following @entity4966 exposure, changes to @entity3623 were more marked. These results suggest that @entity4966 caused increase in NO production, attributed to activation of @entity3623 as well as @entity9554 , and expression of @entity3623 and @entity9554 mRNA. These cellular changes may contribute to the pathological and physiological features of @entity4966 -induced @entity272 .

title: @entity4965 induce XXXX production and @entity842 synthase mRNA expression in cultured normal @entity1 epidermal keratinocytes.

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions', 'erythema and skin inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Kisspeptin is the most potent stimulator of LH release. There are two kisspeptin neuronal populations in the rodent brain: in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and in the arcuate nucleus. The arcuate neurons coexpress kisspeptin, @entity16423 , and dynorphin and are called KNDy neurons. Because @entity53 increases kisspeptin expression in the AVPV whereas it inhibits KNDy neurons, AVPV and KNDy neurons have been postulated to mediate the positive and negative feedback effects of @entity53 on LH secretion, respectively. Yet the role of KNDy neurons during the positive feedback is not clear. In this study, ovariectomized @entity35 were microinjected bilaterally into the arcuate nucleus with a saporin-conjugated @entity28014 agonist for targeted ablation of approximately 70% of KNDy neurons. In oil-treated animals, ablation of KNDy neurons impaired the rise in LH after ovariectomy and kisspeptin content in both populations. In @entity53 -treated animals, KNDy ablation did not influence the negative feedback of @entity230 during the morning. Surprisingly, KNDy ablation increased the @entity479 -induced LH surges, accompanied by an increase of kisspeptin content in the AVPV. This increase seems to be due to lack of dynorphin input from KNDy neurons to the AVPV as the following: 1) microinjections of a dynorphin antagonist into the AVPV significantly increased the LH surge in @entity53 -treated @entity35 , similar to KNDy ablation, and 2) intra-AVPV microinjections of dynorphin in KNDy-ablated @entity35 restored LH surge levels. Our results suggest that KNDy neurons provide inhibition to AVPV kisspeptin neurons through dynorphin and thus regulate the amplitude of the @entity479 -induced LH surges.

title: KNDy Neurons Modulate the Magnitude of the XXXX -Induced Luteinizing Hormone Surges in Ovariectomized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity900 and @entity136 (GC) regimen is usually administered as a 4- or 3-week schedule; however, the best schedule to use is still unclear. We therefore started a randomized phase II trial to compare @entity137 and dose intensity (DI) between these two GC schedules. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-six @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and an additional 11 @entity1 with an advanced @entity2785 [bladder (n = 5), head and neck (n = 3), cervix (n = 1), esophageal (n = 1) or unknown primary @entity189 (n = 1)] were randomized to receive @entity900 70 mg/m(2) intravenously on day 2 plus either @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle or @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. Planned DI (PDI) for the 4-week schedule was 750 mg/m(2)/week for @entity136 and 17.5 mg/m(2)/week for @entity900 ; for the 3-week regimen PDI was 666 mg/m(2)/week and 23 mg/m(2)/week for @entity136 and @entity900 , respectively. RESULTS: From July 1998 to March 2000, 107 @entity1 were randomized. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 was observed in 27.8% of @entity1 in the 3-week versus 22.5% in the 4-week arm (P = 0.69), while grade 3/4 @entity882 was higher in the 4-week arm (29.5% versus 5.5% of @entity1 ; P = 0.14). A total of 398 cycles of therapy were delivered. Overall, 51% of cycles were modified in dose, timing or both in the 4-week arm, and 19% in the 3-week arm. The 21-day schedule of GC leads to a similar received DI of @entity136 and higher @entity900 DI. Both regimens had activity in @entity1149 , with a response rate of 39% (38% for the 4-week arm, and 42% for the 3-week arm). CONCLUSIONS: The 3-week schedule has similar DI to the 4-week schedule. However the 3-week regimen has a better compliance profile and a comparable response rate in @entity1149 , supporting the use of such a schedule.

title: Three-week versus four-week schedule of XXXX and @entity136 : results of a randomized phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity161 consistently fail to perform facial affect recognition tasks as accurately as healthy controls. So far, the effects of different antipsychotic drugs on this deficit, as well as the mechanisms through which these drugs may exert their influence on face processing models, remain poorly understood. Twenty-five hospitalised acute @entity161 @entity1 were randomised to either @entity1767 or @entity1090 following their admission. @entity1 performed a facial affect discrimination task. In order to differentiate drug effects on perceptive versus semantic processing of faces, the evaluation also included two facial identity discrimination tasks (inverted and upright faces). All evaluations were performed before treatment initiation, after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks of treatment. Compared with @entity1 receiving @entity1767 , @entity1 receiving @entity1090 showed better discrimination of facial affect and inverted faces, but not of upright faces. Differential drug effects were most prominent 2 weeks after treatment initiation. Performance on inverted faces accounted for only 1% of the variance in affect discrimination. Additionally, there was an inverse relationship between negative symptoms and performance on upright-face identification and affect discrimination, with the strongest and most significant correlation being for affect discrimination. Our findings suggest that the preferential effect of @entity1090 on affect discrimination is unlikely to be due to global effects on general face processing. Moreover, although @entity1090 appears to enhance the processing of individual salient facial features, this effect cannot explain the improvement in affect recognition. We conclude that @entity1090 may specifically act on the processing of emotion-laden information.

title: @entity1090 versus XXXX for facial affect recognition in @entity161 : findings from a randomised study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1767 :: (MESH:D006220,Chemical) :: ['haloperidol']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report of a @entity1 with @entity1688 as a result of @entity1264 who had cervical laminectomy for spinal cord decompression followed by occipitocervical instrumentation is described. OBJECTIVES: To describe the consequences of severe @entity1264 and an effective surgical technique of occipitocervical instrumentation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1264 is one of the most commonly @entity74 in the @entity1 population. Extensive intraspinal involvement by @entity3292 can cause significant distortion of normal spinal structure as well @entity1745 . Extensive laminectomy (with subsequent risk of postsurgical @entity1513 ) is often required for adequate decompression of the spinal cord. METHODS: The clinical and radiographic presentation of a @entity1 with severe @entity1264 resulting in @entity1688 is described. The severe @entity51 was caused by compression of the spinal cord by intraspinal @entity3292 . Extensive laminectomy was required to adequately decompress the spinal cord. Occipitocervical fusion from the occiput to C6 was done to stabilize the spine and prevent future @entity1513 . RESULTS: Decompression of the spinal cord led to complete neurologic recovery, and instrumentation of the cervical spine was successful in preventing the development of @entity1513 in this pediatric @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The reported case emphasizes the need for treating @entity16 caused by @entity1745 in @entity1264 as well as addressing the future risk of @entity85 following laminectomy.

title: XXXX in a 10 year-old @entity1 due to multiple cervical @entity3292 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['postlaminectomy kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['acute neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibromatosis type I', 'neurofibromatosis type I']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited genetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['Quadriplegia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1943 analogues (SSA) have demonstrated antiproliferative activity in addition to efficacy for @entity4303 symptom control in functional @entity5 ( @entity5 ). A post hoc analysis of the placebo arm of the RADIANT ( @entity2239 In Advanced @entity5 )-2 study was conducted to assess the efficacy of @entity2390 long-acting repeatable (LAR) on progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Out of 213 @entity1 randomized to placebo plus @entity2390 LAR in RADIANT-2, 196 @entity1 with foregut, midgut, or hindgut @entity5 were considered for present analysis. Of these, 41 @entity1 were SSA-treatment na  ve and 155 had received SSA therapy before study entry. For SSA-na  ve @entity1 , median PFS by adjudicated central review was 13.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.2-22.7) months. For SSA-na  ve @entity1 with midgut @entity5 (n = 24), median PFS was 22.2 (95% CI 8.3-29.5) months. For @entity1 who had received SSA previously, the median PFS was 11.1 (95% CI, 8.4-14.3) months. Among the SSA-pretreated @entity1 who had midgut @entity5 (n = 119), the median PFS was 12.0 (95% CI, 8.4-19.3) months. Median @entity1349 was 35.8 (95% CI, 32.5-48.9) months for @entity1 in the placebo plus @entity2390 LAR arm; 50.6 (36.4 - not reached) months for SSA-na  ve @entity1 and 33.5 (95% CI, 27.5-44.7) months for those who had received prior SSA. This post hoc analysis of the placebo arm of the large phase 3 RADIANT-2 study provides data on PFS and @entity1349 among @entity1 with progressive @entity5 treated with @entity2390 therapy.

title: Efficacy of XXXX LAR in @entity5 : RADIANT-2 placebo arm post hoc analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['NET', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'Neuroendocrine Tumors']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['octreotide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant treatment strategies have been developed to improve survival of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 . Since only @entity1 with major histopathological response benefit from this therapy, predictive markers are needed. We examined a panel of selected gene polymorphisms to predict response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy ( @entity900 , @entity1487 , 36 Gy) in @entity418 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHOD: Genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues of 52 @entity1 . Allelic genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using allele-specific TaqMan probes and correlated with therapy response. RESULTS: Single-nucleotide polymorphism @entity11833 @entity5359 was predictive for therapy response (p < 0.003). Within the TT genotype group of 25 @entity1 , 20 (80%) did not respond to chemoradiation. Of 20 @entity1 with heterogeneous C/T genotype, 14 (70%) were major responders. The CC genotype (seven @entity1 ) was not of predictive importance. @entity11833 polymorphism was significantly (p < 0.02) associated with formation of lymph node @entity3 . Predominant GG genotype of @entity20319 @entity64767 was not predictive; however, the rarely occurring AA genotype was response-associated and the A/G variant was associated with nonresponse. Fifteen additionally analyzed polymorphisms did not show any correlation. CONCLUSION: Our data support the role of @entity11833 as a predictive marker for therapy response. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of @entity11833 and @entity20319 could be applied to further individualize treatment strategies.

title: XXXX and @entity20319 gene polymorphisms predict response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity11833 :: (2067,Gene) :: ['ERCC1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5248 ( @entity5248 ) is widely used as a plasticizer in @entity2634 products. @entity5248 exposure, which is widespread in the US, increases @entity600 risk; however, the mechanisms driving this relationship are unclear. Because @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) dependent prostaglandin synthesis is implicated in @entity600 , we evaluated effects of @entity5247 ( @entity5247 ), the active metabolite of @entity5248 , on @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) synthesis and COX expression in @entity1 placental macrophages (PM). In addition, responses in PM were compared to those in a @entity1 macrophage-like cell line, @entity1357 . METHODS: PM and @entity1357 cells were treated for 2, 4, 8, or 24  h with @entity5247 concentrations ranging from 10 to 180 micromolar. @entity1421 concentrations were assessed in culture medium using ELISA, and COX expression was determined by western blot. RESULTS: Treatment of PM and @entity1357 cells with 180 micromolar @entity5247 for 24  h significantly increased @entity1421 release. Co-treatment of PMs or @entity1357 cells with 180 micromolar @entity5247 and the non-selective COX inhibitor @entity3352 reduced @entity5247 -stimulated @entity1421 production. Similarly, co-treatment of PM and @entity1357 cells with the @entity3840 selective inhibitor @entity8228 resulted in a significant decrease in @entity1421 , suggesting that @entity5247 -stimulated @entity1421 is dependent specifically on increased @entity3840 expression. Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in @entity3840 expression in PM and @entity1357 cells treated with 180 micromolar @entity5247 , and no changes in @entity9859 expression, supporting the role of @entity3840 in @entity5247 -stimulated @entity1421 synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study are the first to demonstrate @entity5244 -stimulated @entity1421 synthesis in PM and warrant future studies into @entity3840 -dependent prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of toxicant-associated @entity600 .

title: Mono-ethylhexyl phthalate stimulates prostaglandin secretion in @entity1 placental macrophages and XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5247 :: ('MESH:C016599', 'Chemical') :: ['MEHP', 'mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate']

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['DEHP', 'Diethylhexyl phthalate']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalate']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity1357 :: (2736,Gene) :: ['THP-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the gene expression profiles of severe @entity1907 @entity1 . METHODS: From May 2012 to October 2013, a total of 103 eligible @entity1 with @entity1907 were recruited from Institution of @entity378 Research of PLA Hospital No. 309. They were divided into severe @entity1907 (severe group) (n = 57) and mild @entity1907 (mild group) (n = 46) by the severity of disease . At the same time age-matched healthy controls (n = 45) were selected from healthy subjects undergoing physical examination. Whole genome expression profiling was performed with Affymetrix Gene expression chips for 4 cases in severe group, 3 in mild group and 5 in healthy group. Cluster and bioinformatics analysies were performed on differentially expressed genes in severe versus mild group. The remainders of three groups were 53, 43 and 40 cases respectively used for verify the results of gene chip by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). And 20 cases in severe group, 20 in mild group and 8 in control group were used to verify the expression level of @entity1178 oncogene ( @entity1178 ) on behalf of differential expressed genes. Analysis of variance and non-parametric tests were used for statistic difference analysis among three groups. RESULTS: There were 406 differentially expressed genes for severe and mild groups. There were 264 down-regulated gene and 142 up-regulated ones. The down-regulated genes were predominant. Cluster analysis show the similarity of gene expression profile in the same group . The result confirmed that the gene chip experiments were both repeatable and reliable. According to gene ontology, the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in such biological processes as immune response, signal transduction, regulation of transcription (DNA-dependent), inflammatory response, antigen processing and presentation and chemotaxis, etc. Pathway analysis showed differentially expressed genes were involved in 22 pathways of immune response and @entity32 . The major pathways included B cell receptor signaling, antigen processing and presentation, Toll-like receptor signaling, MAPK signaling and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b) signaling.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the statistics of optical density for @entity1178 was P < 0.001 in severe versus mild group. It was down-regulated in severe group. And the expression of @entity1178 was conformed with the result of gene expression chip. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 of severe group have a larger number of differential expressed genes versus those of mild group. And severe lung tissue damage in severe group may be correlated with differences in gene expression.

title: [Gene expression profiling and verification for severe @entity1907 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['secondary pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Previously we described the extent of sprouting that axons of the @entity35 substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) undergo to grow new synapses and re-innervate the dorsal striatum 16 weeks after partial lesions. Here we provide insights into the timing of events related to the re-innervation of the dorsal striatum by regenerating dopaminergic nigrostriatal axons over a 104-week period after partial SNpc lesioning. Density of @entity935 transporter and @entity669 hydroxylase immunoreactive axonal varicosities (terminals) decreased up to 80% 4 weeks after lesioning but returned to normal by 16 weeks, unless SNpc lesions were greater than 75%. Neuronal tracer injections into the SNpc revealed a 119% increase in axon fibres (4 mm rostral to the SNpc) along the medial forebrain bundle 4 weeks after lesioning. SNpc cells underwent phenotypic changes. Four weeks after lesioning the proportion of SNpc neurons that expressed @entity669 hydroxylase fell from 90% to 38% but returned to 78% by 32 weeks. We discuss these phenotype changes in the context of neurogenesis. Significant reductions in @entity935 levels in @entity35 with medium (30-75%) lesions returned to normal by 16 weeks whereas recovery was not observed if lesions were larger than 75%. Finally, rotational behaviour of animals in response to @entity4944 was examined. The clear rightward turning bias observed after 2 weeks recovered by 16 weeks in animals with medium (30-75%) lesions but was still present when lesions were larger. These studies provide insights into the processes that regulate sprouting responses in the central nervous system following injury.

title: Timecourse of striatal re-innervation following lesions of dopaminergic SNpc neurons of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The mounting epidemic of @entity2973 and @entity28 has made understanding the relationship between excess weight and associated comorbidities more urgent. Obesity is one of the strongest predictors of the development of @entity101 and is an independent risk factor for @entity65 , @entity8 , and @entity6 . The concomitant presence of @entity28 and @entity101 , as commonly occurs in the @entity751 , magnifies the risk for @entity65 . The term " @entity28 - @entity101 " thus serves to underscore the link between these two deleterious conditions and to emphasize the imperative for clinical intervention. Adipose tissue is now known to produce hormones and cytokines that promote @entity32 , lipid accumulation, and insulin resistance. In addition, adipose tissue contains all the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which is upregulated in the presence of @entity28 . Evidence implicates activation of the systemic and adipose tissue RAS, as well as the sympathetic nervous system, as key @entity28 -related mechanisms of @entity101 and other components of the @entity751 . RAS blockade therefore becomes a potential therapeutic strategy in @entity1 with @entity28 -related @entity101 and in @entity1 with the @entity751 . Clinical trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers conducted in predominantly @entity2973 /obese populations have demonstrated significant reductions in @entity65 risk among a range of at-risk @entity1 . RAS blockade also is associated with a reduced risk of new-onset @entity6 compared with other classes of antihypertensive therapy. Randomized, controlled trials conducted specifically in @entity1 with @entity28 and @entity101 are needed to determine the optimal therapeutic approach for these @entity1 .

title: The role of renin-angiotensin system blockade in the management of XXXX associated with the @entity751 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and renal disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: AIMS: In order to reduce social inequality in @entity5 survival, knowledge is needed about where in the @entity5 trajectory disparities occur, and how social and health-related aspects may interact. We aimed to determine whether socioeconomic factors are related to @entity5 diagnosis stage, and whether socioeconomic disparities in survival after @entity43 can be explained by socioeconomic differences in @entity5 stage, comorbidity, treatment or lifestyle factors. METHODS: In the Danish Gynaecological Cancer Database we identified 2873 cases of @entity43 diagnosed between 2005 and 2010. From this data we retrieved information on prognostic factors, treatment information and lifestyle factors. Age, vital status, comorbidity, education, income and cohabitation status were ascertained from nationwide administrative registers. Associations were analyzed with logistic regression and Cox regression models. RESULTS: Educational level was weakly associated with @entity5 stage. Short education, lower income and living without a partner were related to poorer survival after @entity43 . Among @entity1 with @entity5 stage, HR (95% CI) for @entity204 was 1.75 (1.20-2.54) in shorter compared to longer educated @entity1 . After adjustment for comorbid conditions, @entity5 stage, @entity5 histology, operation status and lifestyle factors, socioeconomic differences in survival persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic disparities in survival after @entity43 were to some extent, but not fully explained by differences in important prognostic factors, suggesting further investigations into this problem, however implying that socially less advantaged @entity43 @entity1 should receive attention during @entity5 treatment and rehabilitation.

title: Do stage of disease, comorbidity or access to treatment explain socioeconomic differences in survival after XXXX ? - A cohort study among Danish @entity1 diagnosed 2005-2010.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'early cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Background and purpose - It is still being debated whether @entity15773 coating of uncemented stems used in @entity572 ( @entity572 ) improves implant survival. We therefore investigated different uncemented stem brands, with and without @entity15773 coating, regarding early and long-term survival. @entity1 and methods - We identified 152,410 @entity572 procedures using uncemented stems that were performed between 1995 and 2011 and registered in the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA) database. We excluded 19,446 procedures that used stem brands less than 500 times in each country, procedures performed due to diagnoses other than @entity571 or @entity572 , and procedures with missing information on the type of coating. 22 stem brands remained (which were used in 116,069 procedures) for analysis of revision of any component. 79,192 procedures from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden were analyzed for the endpoint stem revision. Unadjusted survival rates were calculated according to Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional hazards models were fitted in order to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of revision with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results - Unadjusted 10-year survival with the endpoint revision of any component for any reason was 92.1% (CI: 91.8-92.4). Unadjusted 10-year survival with the endpoint stem revision due to @entity1349 varied between the stem brands investigated and ranged from 96.7% (CI: 94.4-99.0) to 99.9% (CI: 99.6-100). Of the stem brands with the best survival, stems with and without @entity15773 coating were found. The presence of @entity15773 coating was not associated with statistically significant effects on the adjusted risk of stem revision due to @entity1349 , with an HR of 0.8 (CI: 0.5-1.3; p = 0.4). The adjusted risk of revision due to infection was similar in the groups of THAs using @entity15773 -coated and non- @entity15773 -coated stems, with an HR of 0.9 (CI: 0.8-1.1; p = 0.6) for the presence of @entity15773 coating. The commonly used Bimetric stem (n = 25,329) was available both with and without @entity15773 coating, and the adjusted risk of stem revision due to @entity1349 was similar for the 2 variants, with an HR of 0.9 (CI: 0.5-1.4; p = 0.5) for the @entity15773 -coated Bimetric stem. Interpretation - Uncemented @entity15773 -coated stems had similar results to those of uncemented stems with porous coating or rough sand-blasted stems. The use of @entity15773 coating on stems available both with and without this surface treatment had no clinically relevant effect on their outcome, and we thus question whether @entity15773 coating adds any value to well-functioning stem designs.

title: Hydroxyapatite coating does not improve uncemented stem survival after XXXX !

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'pediatric hip disease', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['total hip arthroplasty']


abstract: @entity1 germ cell @entity5 (GCTs) may have variable histology and clinical behavior, depending on factors such as sex of the @entity1 , age at clinical diagnosis, and anatomical site of the @entity5 . Some types of @entity1777 , i.e., the @entity4797 / @entity3438 / @entity5000 and @entity189 (the stem cell component of nonseminomas), have pluripotent potential, which is demonstrated by their capacity to differentiate into somatic and/or extraembryonic elements. Although @entity189 cells are intrinsically pluripotent, @entity4797 / @entity3438 / @entity5000 cells, as well as their precursor @entity189 in situ/ @entity5712 cells, have the phenotype of early germ cells that can be activated to pluripotency. The other types of @entity1777 ( @entity44 and @entity2970 of @entity1 and newborn, @entity43 , and @entity2969 of elderly) are composed of (fully) differentiated tissues and lack the appearance of undifferentiated and pluripotent stem cells. @entity4729 , a transcription factor also known as @entity4729 and @entity4729 , is involved in regulation of pluripotency during normal development and is detectable in embryonic stem and germ cells. We analyzed the presence of @entity4729 in @entity1777 and other @entity5 types using immunohistochemistry. The protein was consistently detected in @entity189 in situ/ @entity5712 , @entity4797 / @entity3438 / @entity5000 , and @entity189 but not in the various types of differentiated nonseminomas. Multitumor tissue microarray analysis covering >100 different @entity5 categories and 3600 individual cancers verified that @entity4729 expression is specific for particular subtypes of @entity1777 of adults. No protein was observed in @entity1777 of newborn and @entity1 , @entity2969 , and the various @entity5 of nongerm cell origin. In addition, no difference in staining pattern was found in chemosensitive and chemoresistant @entity1777 of adults. These results indicate preservation of the link between @entity4729 and pluripotency, as reported during normal development, after malignant transformation. Therefore, @entity4729 immunohistochemistry is an informative diagnostic tool for @entity1777 and offers new insights into the histological heterogeneity of this @entity5 .

title: XXXX ( @entity4729 ) identifies cells with pluripotent potential in @entity1 germ cell @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminomas', 'dysgerminoma']

entities_list: @entity1777 :: ('MESH:C537296', 'Disease') :: ['pluripotent GCT', 'GCT']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['yolk sac tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['spermatocytic seminomas', 'spermatocytic seminoma']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas', 'seminoma']

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['germinomas', 'germinoma']

answer: @entity4729 :: (5460,Gene) :: ['POU5F1']


abstract: The spread of chemicals, including insecticides, into the environment often raises public health concerns, as exemplified by a recent epidemiologic study associating in utero @entity33638 ( @entity20333 ) exposure with delayed mental development. The insecticide synergist @entity20333 is listed among the top 10 chemicals detected in indoor dust; a systematic assessment of risks from @entity20333 exposure, as for many toxicants unfortunately, may be underdeveloped when important biological targets that can cause @entity137 are unknown. Hedgehog/Smoothened signaling is critical in neurological development. This study was designed to use novel high-throughput in vitro drug screening technology to identify modulators of Hedgehog signaling in environmental chemicals to assist the assessment of their potential risks. A directed library of 1408 environmental toxicants was screened for Hedgehog/Smoothened antagonist activity using a high-content assay that evaluated the interaction between Smoothened and barrestin2 green fluorescent protein. @entity20333 was identified as a Hedgehog/Smoothened antagonist capable of inhibiting Hedgehog signaling. We found that @entity20333 bound Smoothened and blocked Smoothened overexpression-induced Gli-luciferase reporter activity but had no effect on @entity19990 downstream transcriptional factor-induced Gli activity. @entity20333 inhibited Sonic Hedgehog ligand-induced Gli signaling and @entity19 cerebellar granular precursor cell proliferation. Moreover, @entity20333 disrupted @entity3392 development. Our findings demonstrate the value of high-throughput target-based screening strategies that can successfully evaluate large numbers of environmental toxicants and identify key targets and unknown biological activity that is helpful in properly assessing potential risks.

title: The insecticide synergist XXXX inhibits hedgehog signaling: assessing chemical risks.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity33638 :: ('MESH:D010882', 'Chemical') :: ['piperonyl butoxide']

answer: @entity33638 :: (MESH:D010882,Chemical) :: ['piperonyl butoxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chromosomes must biorient on the mitotic spindle, with the two sisters attached to opposite spindle poles. The spindle checkpoint detects unattached chromosomes and monitors biorientation by detecting the lack of tension between two sisters attached to the same pole. After the spindle has been depolymerized and allowed to reform, budding @entity375 @entity64497 mutants fail to biorient their sister chromatids and die as cells divide. RESULTS: In @entity64497 mutants, chromosomes attach to microtubules normally but cannot reorient if both sisters attach to the same pole. The mutants' fate depends on the position of the spindle poles when the chromosomes attach to microtubules. If the poles have separated, sister chromatids biorient, but if the poles are still close, sister chromatids often attach to the same pole, missegregate, and cause cell death. CONCLUSIONS: These observations argue that budding @entity375 mitotic chromosomes have an intrinsic, geometric bias to biorient on the spindle. When the poles have already separated, attaching one kinetochore to one pole predisposes its sister to attach to the opposite pole, allowing the cells to segregate the chromosomes correctly. When the poles have not separated, the second kinetochore eventually attaches to either of the two poles randomly, causing orientation errors that are corrected in the wild-type but not in @entity64497 mutants. In the absence of spindle damage, @entity64497 cells divide successfully, suggesting that kinetochores only make stable attachments to microtubules after the cells have entered @entity4498 and separated their spindle poles.

title: Budding XXXX mitotic chromosomes have an intrinsic bias to biorient on the spindle.

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The action of hepatoprotective drugs is a steady subject of discussions. Despite the equivocal character of action hepatoprotective drugs are used, despite the fact that the effect is partly a placebo effect. In the literature are reports on preparation @entity64310 which is a mixture of substances of plant origin and improves the subjective complaints of @entity1 as well as the objective condition of @entity1 with @entity409 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect of preparation @entity64310 was investigated in a retrospective study in 19 @entity1 with @entity409 . In the majority @entity409 caused by @entity167 was involved, @entity1560 and persisting @entity99 without the finding of chronic @entity1956 and C. The authors investigated biochemical parameters ( @entity648 , ALT, @entity6571 , @entity3064 , TZR, @entity165 ). The size of the liver was assessed by ultrasonography and the subjective status of the @entity1 was recorded. Within one year of administration of the preparation subjective improvement occurred, @entity382 diminished and the activity of aminotransferases declined. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of @entity64310 can improve the subjective condition and clinical parameters in @entity1 with @entity409 , in particular in @entity409 and in @entity1560 . The effect is certainly due also to better motivation on the @entity1 part, better lifestyle and dietary measures. After one year of treatment no undesirable side-effects were detected.

title: [The effect of the heptoprotective agent @entity64310 on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'alcoholic liver damage', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver damage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The A2B @entity859 receptor (AR) has emerged as a unique member of the AR family with contrasting roles during acute and chronic disease states. We utilized @entity219 -finger nuclease technology to create A2BAR gene ( @entity67094 )-disrupted @entity35 on the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) genetic background. This strategy yielded a @entity35 (SS- @entity67094 mutant @entity35 ) with a 162-base pair in-frame deletion of @entity67094 that included the start codon. Disruption of A2BAR function in SS- @entity67094 mutant @entity35 was confirmed by loss of agonist ( @entity24980 or @entity19350 )-induced @entity268 accumulation and loss of @entity568 release from isolated fibroblasts. In addition, @entity24980 produced a dose-dependent increase in @entity413 mobilization that was absent in SS- @entity67094 mutants. Upon initial characterization, SS- @entity67094 mutant @entity35 were found to exhibit increased body weight, a transient delay in @entity413 clearance, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production following challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, blood pressure was elevated to a greater extent (   15-20  mmHg) in SS- @entity67094 mutants as they aged from 7 to 21  weeks. In contrast, @entity101 augmented by @entity1605 was attenuated in SS- @entity67094 mutant @entity35 . Despite differences in blood pressure, indices of renal and @entity299 were similar in SS- @entity67094 mutants during Ang II-augmented @entity101 . We have successfully created and validated a new animal model that will be valuable for investigating the biology of the A2BAR. Our data indicate varying roles for A2BAR signaling in regulating blood pressure in SS @entity35 , playing both anti- and prohypertensive roles depending on the pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to blood pressure elevation.

title: Characterization of Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 with genetic disruption of the A2B @entity859 receptor gene: implications for A2B XXXX receptor signaling during @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Ang II infusion']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat strain', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the central processing of dynamic mechanical @entity1931 in @entity1 with @entity4216 . Regional cerebral blood flow, as an indicator of neuronal activity, was measured with positron emission tomography. Paired comparisons were made between three different states; rest, @entity1931 during @entity158 , and brushing of the homologous contralateral area. Bilateral activations were observed in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) during @entity1931 compared to rest. The S1 activation contralateral to the site of the stimulus was more expressed during @entity1931 than during innocuous touch. Significant activations of the contralateral posterior parietal cortex, the periaqueductal gray (PAG), the thalamus bilaterally and motor areas were also observed in the allodynic state compared to both non-allodynic states. In the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) there was only a suggested activation when the allodynic state was compared with the non-allodynic states. In order to account for the individual variability in the intensity of @entity1931 and ongoing spontaneous @entity158 , @entity13279 was regressed on the individually reported @entity158 intensity, and significant covariations were observed in the ACC and the right anterior insula. Significantly decreased regional blood flow was observed bilaterally in the medial and lateral temporal lobe as well as in the occipital and posterior cingulate cortices when the allodynic state was compared to the non-painful conditions. This finding is consistent with previous studies suggesting attentional modulation and a central coping strategy for known and expected painful stimuli. Involvement of the medial @entity158 system has previously been reported in @entity1 with @entity4216 during ongoing spontaneous @entity158 . This study reveals a bilateral activation of the lateral @entity158 system as well as involvement of the medial @entity158 system during dynamic mechanical @entity1931 in @entity1 with @entity4216 .

title: A PET activation study of dynamic mechanical @entity1931 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'brushing the painful skin area']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuropathy']

answer: @entity4216 :: (MESH:D020422,Disease) :: ['mononeuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study mitral valve function in the postoperative period after correction of the partial form of @entity474 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 underwent surgical correction of the partial form of @entity474 . Their mean age was 11.8 years and 62% of the @entity1 were males. Preoperative echocardiography showed moderate and severe @entity339 in 44% of the @entity1 . The mitral valve cleft was sutured in 45 (90%) @entity1 (group II - GII). Echocardiographies were performed in the early postoperative period, and 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge. RESULTS: The @entity1 who had some type of @entity943 in the postoperative period had ostium primum @entity118 of a larger size (2.74 x 2.08 cm). All 5 @entity1 in group I (GI), who did not undergo closure of the cleft, had a competent mitral valve or mild @entity339 in the preoperative period. One of these @entity1 began to have moderate @entity339 in the postoperative period. On the other hand, in GII, 88.8% and 82.2% of the @entity1 had competent mitral valve or mild @entity339 in the early and late postoperative periods, respectively. CONCLUSION: The mitral valve cleft was repaired in 90% of cases. Echocardiography revealed competent mitral valve or mild @entity339 in 88.8% and 82.2% of GII @entity1 in the early and late postoperative periods, respectively.

title: Surgical treatment of partial XXXX : functional analysis of the mitral valve in the postoperative period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine morphologic changes in the meibomian glands associated with @entity1 with @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) using a novel meibography imaging system, and to evaluate its correlation with @entity2743 clinical manifestations. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. @entity1 : Fifty-one @entity2743 @entity1 and 31 normal control @entity1 . METHODS: This retrospective study examined 51 @entity2743 @entity1 and 31 normal control @entity1 . The structure of the meibomian gland was assessed using the meibography imaging system. All of the @entity1 completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The tear film break-up time (BUT) was measured. The palpebral fissure height, exophthalmos, and eyelid retraction were also assessed. RESULTS: The meibography score, tear film BUT, and OSDI indicated statistically significant differences between the @entity2743 and normal groups: The tear film BUT was shorter and the OSDI and meibography score were higher in the @entity2743 @entity1 group. There was a significant negative correlation between the meibography score and the tear film BUT in @entity2743 @entity1 (r = -.503 and p < .001). In the multivariable linear regression analysis, the meibography score of the @entity2743 @entity1 had a positive association with exophthalmos and palpebral fissure height. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the normal control @entity1 , @entity2743 @entity1 had more unstable tear films and severe symptoms of @entity936 . Using the meibography system, the authors found that @entity2743 @entity1 had a higher prevalence of @entity409 and changes in meibomian glands increased, with proptosis and lid fissure widening.

title: XXXX in @entity2743 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive type meibomian gland dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['GO', "Graves' orbitopathy"]

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Meibomian gland dysfunction']


abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of malignant transformation of @entity1127 , focusing on phenotypic expression, cell proliferation, and @entity876 overexpression. Twenty-two lesions of @entity1127 with @entity5 foci were selected for this study. The phenotypes were divided into 3 types (G, gastric; incomp I, incomplete intestinal; and comp I, complete intestinal), according to immunohistochemical stains ( @entity1 gastric mucin [HGM], @entity5091 , and @entity2282 ). The cell proliferative activity by Ki-67 and overexpression of @entity876 protein were also examined. Eleven of these lesions contained @entity189 components (CA, category 5 by the Vienna classification), 6 of which were accompanied by @entity258 ( @entity258 , category 3) and 4 of which were accompanied by high-grade @entity1141 (HGD, category 4). Another 2 were composed only of HGD, and the remaining 9 were composed of both @entity258 and HGD components. As a result, 15 @entity258 , 15 HGD, and 11 CA components were recognized. The 15 @entity258 components were classified as 1 G type and 14 incomp I type. All @entity5072 components expressed HGM, 5 (22.7%) of which were accompanied by focal intestinal metaplasia demonstrated by @entity5091 expression, whereas intestinalization frequently occurred in @entity5 components (93% of @entity258 , 53% of HGD, and 64% of CA components). The labeling index was 22.2% in @entity5072 , 42.2% in @entity258 , 55.7% in HGD, and 53.9% in CA components. @entity876 protein overexpression was recognized in none of @entity5072 , in 40% of the @entity258 , in 60% of the HGD, and in 45% of the CA components. These results suggest the importance of the @entity189 sequence in malignant transformation of @entity1127 . Interestingly, intestinalization frequently occurs during @entity5 transformation, although it is not common in the surrounding @entity5072 components.

title: Malignant transformation of XXXX : alteration of phenotypes, proliferative activity, and @entity876 expression.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic polyps', 'gastric hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'dysplasia-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LGD', 'low-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['gastric hyperplastic polyps']


abstract: Many studies have demonstrated that bacteria, including @entity5125 , are capable of adapting to disinfectants used in industrial settings after prolonged exposure to sublethal concentrations. However, the consequent alterations of the cell surface due to sanitizer adaptation of this pathogen are not fully understood. Two resistant and four sensitive @entity5125 strains from different sources were progressively subcultured with increasing sublethal concentrations of a surfactant, @entity3676 (BC). To evaluate the effects of acquired tolerance to BC, parent and adapted strains were compared by using several morphological and physiological tests. Sensitive strains showed at least a fivefold increase in the MIC, while the MIC doubled for resistant strains after the adaptation period. The hydrophobicities of cells of parent and adapted strains were similar. Serological testing indicated that antigen types 1 and 4 were both present on the cell surface of adapted cells. The data suggest that efflux pumps are the major mechanism of adaptation in sensitive strains and are less important in originally resistant isolates. A different, unknown mechanism was responsible for the original tolerance of resistant isolates. In an originally resistant strain, there was a slight shift in the @entity844 profile after adaptation, whereas sensitive strains had similar profiles. Electron micrographs revealed morphological differences after adaptation. The changes in cell surface antigens, efflux pump utilization, and @entity844 profiles suggest that different mechanisms are used by resistant and sensitive strains for adaptation to BC.

title: Postadaptational resistance to XXXX and subsequent physicochemical modifications of @entity5125 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity3676 :: ('MESH:D001548', 'Chemical') :: ['benzalkonium chloride']

answer: @entity3676 :: (MESH:D001548,Chemical) :: ['benzalkonium chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone metastases arise in nearly 70% of @entity1 with @entity0 , but the complex metastatic process has not been completely clarified yet. @entity5298 /RANK/ @entity5299 pathway modifications and the crosstalk between metastatic cells and bone have been indicated as potential drivers of the process. Interactions between @entity5 and bone cells have been studied in vivo and in vitro, but specific effects of the direct contact between @entity1 metastatic cells and @entity1 bone cells on @entity5298 /RANK/ @entity5299 pathway have not been investigated. FINDINGS: We directly co-cultured bone metastatic @entity1 @entity0 cells ( @entity1838 ) with osteo-differentiated @entity1 mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) from 3 different donors. BMSCs and @entity1838 were then enzymatically separated and FACS sorted. We found a significant increase in the @entity5298 / @entity5299 ratio as compared to control, which was not observed in @entity1838 cultured in medium conditioned by BMSCs, neither in @entity1838 directly cultured with fibroblasts or medium conditioned by fibroblasts. Direct co-culture with osteo-differentiated BMSCs caused @entity1838 aggregation while proliferation was not affected by co-culture. To more specifically associate @entity5298 expression to osteogenic differentiation degree of BMSCs, we determined their osteogenic markers expression and matrix calcification relative to osteoblasts and fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our co-culture model allowed to demonstrate for the first time that direct contact but not paracrine interactions between @entity1 metastatic @entity0 cells and bone cells has a significant effect on @entity5298 / @entity5299 expression in bone metastatic cells. Furthermore, only direct contact with the bone microenvironment induced @entity1838 clustering without however significantly influencing their proliferation and migration.

title: Direct but not indirect co-culture with osteogenically differentiated @entity1 bone marrow stromal cells increases @entity5298 / @entity5299 ratio in @entity1 XXXX cells generating bone metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY: @entity1 with @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) who develop severe @entity337 following @entity884 ( @entity884 ) require aortic valve replacement in most cases. Few reports exist of repair of the aortic valve under such circumstances. Here, we report details from two @entity1 in whom aortic valve repair resulted in a good outcome. METHODS: Two @entity1 (aged 4 and 3 years) with either perimembranous or doubly committed subarterial @entity1757 presented with @entity712 (NYHA class IV) following @entity884 . The aortic valve in both @entity1 , and the pulmonary valve in one @entity1 , were severely damaged with vegetation, leading to severe (grade IV) @entity337 . The second @entity1 had bilateral bronchiectasis with @entity1729 and severe @entity417 . In addition to @entity1757 closure, partial cuspal replacement using @entity3584 -tanned pericardium was performed successfully in both cases to restore geometry. RESULTS: Both @entity1 showed a dramatic improvement following surgery and during follow up of 36 and 11 months, respectively. Both remained asymptomatic, with good growth, good left ventricular function and the presence of only trivial @entity337 . CONCLUSION: In selected @entity1 with suitable anatomy, repair of the aortic valve with pericardial cusp replacement may be the procedure of choice. An additional benefit is the avoidance of long-term anticoagulation.

title: @entity1757 complicated by infective endocarditis of the aortic valve causing severe XXXX : the role of aortic valve repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10145 between normal individuals and @entity1 with low and high grade spondylolisthesis has not been done previously. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between @entity10145 and severity of slip in young @entity1 with @entity19339 . METHODS: Postero-anterior and lateral radiographs of 120 normal individuals and 131 @entity1 with developmental spondylolisthesis (91 low and 40 high grades) were reviewed. Quantitative evaluation of @entity10145 was done using 6 criteria involving the degree of @entity75 , degree of @entity1141 , size of L5 transverse processes, L5/S1 disc height, type of sacral doming and L5 lumbar index. Subjects were categorized as having no/low, moderate or severe @entity1141 based on the total @entity1141 score. Comparisons in total @entity1141 score between normal, low grade and high grade groups were performed and the correlation between degree of @entity1141 and percentage of slip was assessed. RESULTS: Most normal individuals (88.3%) had no/low @entity1141 ; most @entity1 with low grade spondylolisthesis (61.5%) had moderate @entity1141 , while most @entity1 with high grade spondylolisthesis (72.5%) had severe @entity1141 . There was a significant difference in @entity1141 between normal individuals and @entity1 with spondylolisthesis. @entity1141 also varied significantly between low and high grade spondylolisthesis. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.63) between severity of @entity1141 and percentage of slip. CONCLUSION: There is a significant relationship between the severity of spondylolisthesis and @entity10145 , with mainly no/low @entity1141 observed in controls and @entity101 scores in higher grades of spondylolisthesis. In addition, a variable degree of @entity1141 was found within groups with low or high grade spondylolisthesis, suggesting that different subgroups of @entity1 exist with regard to @entity1141 . Thus the degree of @entity1141 varies in spondylolisthesis and it is possible that different grades of @entity1141 could relate to different prognoses or outcomes with treatment.

title: The evaluation of XXXX in young @entity1 with @entity19339 : comparison with controls and relationship with the severity of slip.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increasing total dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['laminar dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity19339 :: ('MESH:D013168', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral spondylolisthesis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['facet dysplasia', 'dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['Comparison of lumbosacral dysplasia', 'lumbosacral dysplasia']

answer: @entity10145 :: (MESH:C537221,Disease) :: ['lumbosacral dysplasia']


abstract: The possibilities and the limits of transabdominal ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of bilio- @entity660 are reviewed here in the light of the last 10 years' research. US remains the method of choice for the diagnosis of @entity5990 and is generally accepted as an initial imaging technique in @entity532 , such as acute @entity2679 . Moreover the method can be useful for the detection of the biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and after liver transplantation. US is still considered the first diagnostic procedure when stones are suspected in the common bile duct. The use of color Doppler can provide a differential diagnosis of @entity1086 with respect to other benign inflammatory or polypoid lesions. Color Doppler US allows to @entity455 of @entity656 such as @entity2849 . US is still considered useful for the initial screening of the @entity788 . However, for staging other imaging techniques must be employed. With US useful informations are obtained in the diagnosis of @entity5 of the pancreas and of pancreatic @entity3 . US is generally of little use for the diagnosis of endocrine @entity5 .

title: The role of ultrasound in biliary and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['detect vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone complications']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the @entity731 burden between @entity2500 (ECA) in @entity385 @entity1 using high-resolution, @entity101 and to investigate the relationship between plaque burden found in both arteries and @entity64 severity. METHODS: All subjects with recent @entity385 underwent MCA and ECA HR BB MRI at 3.0 Tesla. For each artery segment, the thickness, area and signal intensities of plaques were recorded. Plaque burden, as measured by normalized wall index (NWI  =  wall area/total vessel area  *  100%) were calculated. All @entity1 received a clinical @entity64 severity score as measured by the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) scores at the time of admission. RESULTS: A total of 65 @entity64 subjects were included in the final analysis. MCA exhibited significantly greater NWI than the ipsilateral ECA (symptomatic MCA vs. ECA: 58.04      8.19 vs. 37.53      10.25, p  <  0.001; asymptomatic MCA vs. ECA: 53.80      4.49 vs. 34.85      4.27, p  <  0.001, respectively). NWI in symptomatic MCA and ECA were significantly associated with NIHSS scores (r  =  0.779 vs. 0.645; p  <  0.001 respectively). Moreover, stronger statistical correlations between NIHSS scores and NWI were found in MCA, as compared with ECA during multivariate linear regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Greater @entity731 burden and a closer association with @entity64 severity were found for the MCA as compared to the ipsilateral ECA. Identification of @entity7244 by MRI may be helpful for developing more aggressive strategies for @entity64 prevention.

title: @entity731 burden of @entity2500 characterized by MRI in @entity1 with acute XXXX in China: association and clinical relevance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['black-blood (HR BB) MRI']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) and extracranial carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['MCA plaque lesions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The frequency and severity of the @entity158 @entity3458 vary greatly among affected @entity1 . Aside from a high level of Hb F(greater than 20%) there is no established parameter which may modulate the clinical severity of the disease. In this paper we describe two groups of adult @entity1 with homozygous SS and present their characteristics. The division into these two groups was on the basis of relatively @entity258 (less than or equal to 37% of control) and high @entity85 (greater than 65% of control) in the steady state. None of the @entity1 had alpha-gene deletion and all had Hb F level less than 6.0%. Each @entity1 was followed for a minimum of 3 years. The number of dense cells was quantitated by centrifugation on discontinuous Stractan gradient. @entity85 index in isotonic medium (DI 290) was determined by ektacytometry and expressed as % of control. The @entity1 with @entity258 had significantly less @entity158 crises and more leg @entity1066 than those @entity1 with high @entity85 . The average number of dense cells was 22.2% and 9.8% of total circulating cells in the first and second group respectively. Moreover, the group with high red cell deformability had 33% mortality during the study period whereas no deaths occurred in the group with @entity258 . The data indicate that there is a subset of @entity1 with SS who have relatively few @entity158 crises despite low Hb F level. We wish to designate these by the acronym MIDDD syndrome: Mild disease as far as @entity158 crises are concerned, increased number of Dense cells, and Decreased red cell Deformability. In addition these @entity1 have high incidence of leg @entity1066 , have low incidence of @entity293 , and less mortality. Cellular factors seem to contribute to the incidence of @entity158 crises.

title: @entity3458 with few XXXX crises is characterized by decreased red cell deformability and increased number of dense cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell crisis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['RBC deformability']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low RBC deformability']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A 67-year-old @entity1 with a @entity674 ( @entity674 ) of the @entity1819 presented to our outpatient clinic. Preoperative computed tomographic scans and endoscopic examination revealed a spherical @entity5 (7.7 x 6.1 x 6 cm) in the posterior wall of the @entity1819 less than 1cm away from the @entity418 , on the small curvature side. METHODS: The @entity5 , which endosonographically had a volume of 282 cm(3), was completely resected by a full-thickness laparoscopic wedge excision without discontinuous gastric resection. The whole procedure was performed using 4 working ports (one 12-mm and three 5-mm ports) and 1 camera port (12 mm). Because the resection margins were @entity5 free on frozen sections and the distance between the resection margin and @entity418 was wide enough not to compromise food passage, there was no need for total gastrectomy or upper discontinuous gastric resection. The @entity1 was discharged on the fourth postoperative day after an uneventful clinical course. RESULTS: Histological examination revealed a malignant @entity1820 of the @entity1819 . The @entity1 was therefore enrolled for @entity2213 adjuvant therapy. Careful and long-term follow-up of 21 months showed no signs of local or distant @entity5 recurrence. However, further follow-up is needed to monitor for signs of possible recurrence or distant metastases. CONCLUSION: The described technique prevented proximal gastric resection and a risk of @entity254 without compromising the food passage and radicality.

title: Laparoscopic gastric tailoring for huge XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal tumor']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stroma tumor']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['Imatinib']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['subcardial gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4033 Background: The standard treatment for advanced @entity157 is @entity2857 . However this treatment does not induce @entity5 shrinkage and allows a modest improvement in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). For 10 years, we have developed a regimen of combined systemic chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity901 (GemOx regimen) which provides adequate control of the disease with manageable @entity137 . We report our experience on > 200 @entity1 (pts) consecutively treated with this regimen. METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study included all consecutive pts treated for advanced @entity157 with GemOx. Survival curves were drawn with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Models of univariate and multivariate analyses were used to search for prognostic and predictive factors of therapeutic efficacy and @entity1349 . RESULTS: 210 pts were enrolled from 2001 to 2010. 190 pts are currently with complete data collection. Average age: 60 years (20-83), M / F: 164/26, metastatic stage: 36%, underlying @entity82 : 86%, @entity1 Pugh score A: 75 % B: 21%, C: 4%, median CLIP score: 3 (0-5), WHO Performance status 0/1/2/3: 34/49/15/2 %. The objective response rate (OR: complete response + partial response) was 21% (WHO criteria) and disease control rate (DCR: OR + stable disease) was 62 %. The median PFS and @entity1349 were 6 (95% CI: 4.5 to 10) and 10.5 (95% CI: 9-13) months, respectively. Ten pts were eligible for curative surgery and 5 for secondary "closure" treatment which were not possible before GemOx treatment. In univariate and multivariate analyses, only the absence of underlying @entity82 was significantly associated with better OR and @entity1349 . OR was significantly associated with a longer median @entity1349 (14 vs 6 months, p = 0 .019). OR prognostic value on survival was confirmed in multivariate analysis (HR = 0.46, 95% CI [0.32 to 0.73], p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The results reported in this series involving more than 200 consecutive pts suggest the efficacy of the GemOx regimen in advanced @entity157 @entity1 and the opportunity it offers in about 10% of pts for secondary "curative-intent" therapies. The final results of this work will be presented at the meeting.

title: @entity136 plus XXXX (GemOx) in advanced @entity157 ( @entity157 ): A multicenter study of over 200 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that the slowing seen in @entity304 includes cognitive as well as motoric components. The sample consisted of 20 nondemented @entity191 @entity1 , group matched to 16 normals by age, education, and verbal IQ. Each group was divided into young (64 and under) and old (65 and over) subsets. The Sternberg character classification paradigm was used to measure the speed and accuracy of one cognitive function, short term memory scanning. Following a logarithmic transformation of the reaction time data, scanning speed was found to be increased, but only for the elderly @entity1 (p = .01). Scanning accuracy was normal for both @entity1 groups. These findings suggest that at least one cognitive function, the scanning of elements held in short term memory, is slowed in @entity304 . This @entity73 , like @entity2845 , is seen primarily in elderly @entity191 @entity1 . It is not readily explained as a motor phenomenon, as part of a generalized mnemonic or intellectual deficit, or as an artifact secondary to periodic extreme reaction times. The term bradyphrenia, used in early descriptions of @entity304 , may be an apt descriptor of this deficit.

title: High speed memory scanning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mnemonic slowing']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']