abstract: BACKGROUND: Upper extremity @entity4 following surgical treatment for @entity0 does not always result in chronic @entity0 -related @entity4269 . Changes in the findings of @entity3194 lymphography and upper extremity volume following @entity0 surgery were observed prospectively to understand the early changes in lymphatic function and to establish a new strategy for early diagnosis and treatment of @entity0 -related @entity4269 . METHODS: Lymphatic function for 196 consecutive breasts was examined using @entity3194 lymphography and bilateral upper extremity volume before surgery and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery. When a "stardust," "diffuse," or "no flow" pattern was observed, @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity3329 and subsequently underwent conservative treatments such as compression sleeve therapy. RESULT: In 35 @entity1 , @entity3329 was observed after a mean of 5.2    3.0 months after surgery. In 21 of these @entity1 , no significant limb volume change was observed. In 14 @entity1 , @entity3329 and volume change appeared simultaneously. In 11 of 35 @entity1 , lymphatic function improved later, and compression therapy was discontinued. Lymph node dissection, radiation therapy to axillary lymph node, and the use of @entity1205 chemotherapy were significant risk factors for @entity3329 . No @entity1 experienced @entity2688 during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2383 could be detected before volume changes. By early intervention with conservative treatments, lymphatic function improved in just under one-third of cases. @entity3194 lymphography for high-risk @entity1 may be useful for detecting @entity3329 early, thereby increasing the chance for disease cure. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

title: Early Detection of XXXX and Treatment for @entity4269 following @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic disorder']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green', 'Indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphatic function disorder']

answer: @entity3329 :: (MESH:D008206,Disease) :: ['Lymphatic Disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate @entity1 ' quality of life after receiving intratympanic @entity801 as treatment for M  ni  re's disease. DESIGN: Retrospective study using the Glasgow benefit inventory scale (GBI) questionnaire. @entity1 : @entity1 diagnosed with M  ni  re's disease, according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) diagnostic criteria (refractory to medical management), who were treated with intratympanic @entity801 injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included all @entity1 diagnosed with M  ni  re's disease (according to AAO-HNS criteria; refractory to medical management) undergoing @entity801 labyrinthectomy in our unit over the preceding three years. Other causes of @entity393 were ruled out as all @entity1 underwent magnetic resonance imaging, electronystagmography and sway magnetometry. @entity1 underwent @entity801 infiltration at a concentration of 2 ml of 30 mg/ml and were reviewed six weeks later and received a repeat injection if no benefit was evident. Six months after their last follow up, they were sent a GBI questionnaire. Twenty-one questionnaires were posted, and the response rate was 81 per cent. RESULTS: As per the responses received, the total benefit of intratympanic @entity801 injection was found to be +30.3. The three components of GBI were analysed separately; it was found that general benefit was greatest (+33.3), followed by physical benefit (+28.1) and social benefit (+21.6). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that @entity801 definitely improves quality of life in @entity1 with M  ni  re's disease and should be the first line of treatment if medical management fails.

title: Intratympanic XXXX for M  ni  re's disease: effect on quality of life as assessed by Glasgow benefit inventory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brachioplasty has become a popular procedure to rejuvenate the upper arm, with its frequency increasing proportionately to the popularity of surgical @entity353 procedures. The major complication of the procedure is undesirable, visible @entity2318 . An ongoing, unresolved debate in the brachioplasty literature is the optimal placement of the @entity2318 . Some authors advocate a medially based incision along the bicipital groove, whereas others prefer to leave the scar posteriorly in the brachial sulcus. In addition, some advocate a sinusoidal scar over a straight-line closure. This study attempts to resolve the question of where and how to place the scar based on population surveys. METHODS: Photographs were taken of a model with her arm progressively abducted at the shoulder to a level of 90 degrees, with the elbow progressively flexed to 90 degrees and the arm externally rotated. Anterior and posterior views were included. Using Photoshop, a @entity2318 was digitally created and placed on the arm first medially in the bicipital groove, then posteriorly in the brachial sulcus. @entity2318 were also compared in each position. Before creating a computer-generated image of the scars, the scar lines were marked with a marking pen to ensure they could be followed with movement of the model's arm. An online survey was then created and distributed and included multiple variables: position of the scar, length of scar vs @entity85 , and acceptability based on phase of scar in time (early vs late result). The scale was numerical from 1 to 5, with 1 being a very objectionable scar and 5 being a very acceptable scar. The survey was disseminated among the general public, plastic surgeons, and @entity1 in the Yale Cosmetic Surgery Resident Clinic who were either seen in consultation for brachioplasty or who underwent the procedure. RESULTS: Electronic surveys were distributed to and completed by the general public (n = 117), local plastic surgery residents and attendings (n = 10), and @entity1 who had undergone or were seen in consultation for brachioplasty (n = 9). Among all @entity1 , in the chronic phase, a medial straight scar received an average rating of 4.00, a posterior straight scar received an average rating of 3.14, a posterior sinusoidal scar received an average rating of 2.61, and a medial sinusoidal scar received an average rating of 2.03. Across age groups, gender, plastic surgeons, and @entity1 , the medially based straight @entity2318 is more acceptable than the posteriorly based straight scar (4.00 vs 3.14, P < 0.001). If the scar shape is made sinusoidal, a posteriorly based scar is favored over a medial one (2.61 vs 2.03, P < 0.001), yet this is still not as aesthetically pleasing as a medial straight scar (4.00 vs 2.61, P < 0.001). Furthermore, survey @entity1 accepted a longer scar over a @entity85 (58.8% vs 41.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the preferences of the populations surveyed, we conclude that the medially based straight scar is the most aesthetically acceptable option when performing a brachioplasty.

title: Optimal placement of a XXXX : a survey evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['brachioplasty scar', 'scarring', 'Straight-line scars and sinusoidal scars']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['residual deformity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['brachioplasty scar']


abstract: This study established superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO)-labeled nerve growth factor-beta ( @entity2137 ) gene-modified spinal cord-derived neural stem cells (NSCs). The E14 @entity35 embryonic spinal cord-derived NSCs were isolated and cultured. The cells of the third passage were transfected with plasmid pcDNA3-hNGFbeta by using FuGENE HD transfection reagent. The expression of @entity2137 was measured by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. The positive clones were selected, allowed to proliferate and then labeled with SPIO, which was mediated by FuGENE HD transfection reagent. Prussian blue staining and @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) were used to identify the SPIO particles in the cells. The distinctive markers for stem cells (nestin), neuron (beta-III-tubulin), oligodendrocyte ( @entity9076 ) and astrocyte ( @entity40 ) were employed to evaluate the differentiation ability of the labeled cells. The immunocytochemistry and western blotting showed that @entity2137 was expressed in spinal cord-derived NSCs. Prussian blue staining indicated that numerous blue-stained particles appeared in the cytoplasma of the labeled cells. @entity1579 showed that SPIO particles were found in vacuolar structures of different sizes and the cytoplasma. The immunocytochemistry demonstrated that the labeled cells were nestin-positive. After differentiation, the cells expressed beta-III-tubulin, @entity9076 and @entity40 . It was concluded that the SPIO-labeled @entity2137 gene-modified spinal cord-derived NSC were successfully established, which are multipotent and capable of self-renewal.

title: Superparamagnetic XXXX labeling of spinal cord neural stem cells genetically modified by nerve growth factor-beta.

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['transmission electron microscopy', 'TEM']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: A pilot clinical trial was conducted in five @entity1 with severe @entity447 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a recombinant @entity1 factor @entity797 preparation, BAY w 6240 (rFVIII). In a comparative pharmacokinetic study of rFVIII and a plasma-derived factor @entity797 preparation (pdFVIII), the mean t1/2 values for rFVIII at week 1 and week 13 were 16.8 and 14.4 h, while this value for pdFVIII at week -2 was 16.9 h. There were no statistical differences between these values. The mean in vivo recovery rates of rFVIII were comparable to those of pdFVIII. When rFVIII was administered prophylactically three times a week for 4 weeks, no @entity548 episodes were observed. Seventy-four @entity548 episodes were assessed during the 6-month treatment period. The efficacy rate of the hemostatic effect was confirmed to be 95.9%. No adverse reactions attributable to rFVIII were observed in a total of 178 infusions. Neither FVIII-inhibitors nor antibodies to foreign proteins were detected. Vital signs and laboratory findings showed no significant changes attributable to rFVIII. These results suggest that rFVIII is safe and efficacious as replacement therapy for @entity447 .

title: Clinical evaluation of recombinant @entity1 factor XXXX (BAY w 6240) in the treatment of @entity447 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Gene) :: ['VIII']


abstract: To identify the structural changes seen in the developing bladder subjected to outflow obstruction, a fetal lamb model was developed. With this model, which attempts to reproduce conditions such as those found in posterior urethral valves, quantitative biochemical parameters were used to evaluate the effects of partial outflow obstruction on detrusor cellularity and innervation in the developing bladder. Partial @entity11044 was created in 9 fetal @entity742 (90 to 100 days gestation), 6 sham operated animals serving as controls. Fetuses were delivered at term and sacrificed. Bladders were removed and weighed. Mucosa free detrusor was assayed for DNA and @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) activity, indices of cell number and cholinergic innervation, respectively. In similar specimens of detrusor, cell ploidy and nuclear size were determined by flow cytometry and nuclear morphometry, respectively. The results showed that partial @entity11044 in utero resulted in a significant increase in bladder weight (p < 0.05) and total detrusor DNA content (p < 0.01). With the increase in detrusor DNA content, there was a parallel increase in total detrusor @entity4268 activity. These results suggest that early development of the bladder is altered both on a cellular level (increase in cellularity) and a neural level (increase in cholinergic nerve density) under conditions of mechanical distension.

title: Developmental alterations in the fetal lamb bladder subjected to partial XXXX in utero.

entities_list: @entity11044 :: ('MESH:D014524', 'Disease') :: ['urethral obstruction']

answer: @entity11044 :: (MESH:D014524,Disease) :: ['urethral obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous @entity1068 injection therapy has been used widely for @entity157 . This study was undertaken to determine factors predictive of local recurrence or new nodular recurrence in @entity1 with @entity157 treated with percutaneous @entity1068 injection. METHODS: The authors studied 73 nodules treated with percutaneous @entity1068 injection in 49 @entity1 with @entity157 . The usefulness of predictive factors for recurrence was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method. The clinicopathologic variables examined included age, gender, @entity1 -Pugh classification, number of @entity5 (single vs. multiple), @entity5 size, degree of @entity5 differentiation, ultrasonographic findings such as peripheral hypoechoic band (so-called 'halo'), intratumoral echo pattern, @entity5 staining on enhanced computed tomography, combination therapy with transcatheter @entity1416 , and serum @entity160 level. RESULTS: The local recurrence rates were 19%, 27%, 33%, 33%, and 33%, respectively, and the new nodular recurrence rates were 19%, 51%, 74%, 83%, and 83%, respectively, at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after percutaneous @entity1068 injection therapy. The frequency of local recurrence was associated with the histologic differentiation of more than moderately differentiated (P < 0.001), presence of a sonographic halo (P < 0. 005), an intratumoral heterogeneous echo pattern (P < 0.001), and positive @entity5 staining on enhanced computed tomography (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of a halo and an intratumoral heterogeneous echo pattern were the most important variables for predicting local recurrence. The frequency of new nodular recurrences was related to the presence of @entity5 (P < 0.01) and a high serum @entity160 level (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that a high serum @entity160 level was a reliable predictor of new nodular recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the presence of a halo and an intratumoral echo pattern on ultrasonography were useful predictors for local recurrence after percutaneous @entity1068 injection therapy for @entity157 , and that a high serum @entity160 level was associated with a higher frequency of new nodular recurrences.

title: Predictive factors for intrahepatic recurrence after percutaneous @entity1068 injection therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['small hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['small hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: 1. @entity26 and @entity51 induces a cascade of pathological processes which lead to @entity528 and cell death. 2. The pathogenesis of @entity63 -induced @entity528 includes a disturbed @entity460 homeostasis, an excessive release of EAA and an enhanced formation of free @entity26 radicals. 3. @entity460 antagonists inhibit @entity141 influx into the neuronal cell via VSCC. 4. @entity2227 antagonists reduce intracellular @entity141 concentration by inactivation of @entity143 receptor-associated @entity460 channels ( @entity143 antagonists) or @entity140 / @entity14425 receptor-linked @entity1372 channels (non- @entity143 antagonists). 5. Furthermore, @entity26 radical scavengers can avoid @entity528 . 6. Agonists of the adenosinergic and serotonergic transmitter systems contribute to neuroprotection by hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane due to an increase of K+ permeability.

title: Mechanisms of drug actions against @entity528 caused by XXXX --an overview.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity14425 :: ('MESH:D016318', 'Chemical') :: ['quisqualate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['energy deficits']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'neuronal dysfunction']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Mutations in oncogenes @entity584 , @entity8498 , and @entity10160 in @entity0 result in abnormal @entity10160 / @entity584 signaling and @entity5 proliferation. They occur in @entity513 in situ, in @entity0 , and in @entity0 stem and progenitor cells (BCSCs). OBJECTIVES: To determine if variability in clinical presentation at diagnosis correlates with @entity10160 / @entity584 mutations in BCSCs and provides an early prognostic indicator of increased progression and metastatic potential. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Malignant (BCSCs) and benign stem cells were collected from fresh surgical specimens via cell sorting and tested for oncogene mutations in a university hospital surgical oncology research laboratory from 30 invasive @entity0 (stages IA through IIIB). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Presence of @entity584 , @entity8498 , and @entity10160 mutations in BCSCs and their correlation with @entity5 mutations, pathologic @entity5 stage, @entity5 histologic grade, @entity5 hormone receptor status, lymph node @entity3 , and @entity1 age and condition at the last follow-up contact. RESULTS: Ten @entity5 had mutations in their BCSCs. In @entity5 with BCSC mutations and 4 @entity5 with BCSCs without mutations had associated @entity5 present in the lymph nodes (P   =   .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Tumors in which BCSCs have defects in @entity10160 / @entity584 signaling are significantly more likely to manifest nodal @entity3 . These oncogenic defects may be missed by gross molecular testing of the @entity5 and are markers of @entity0 . Molecular profiling of BCSCs may identify @entity1 who would likely benefit from @entity10160 / @entity584 inhibitors, which are being tested in clinical trials.

title: Correlation of XXXX axillary lymph node @entity3 with stem cell mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'ductal breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'more aggressive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'total, 9 tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: This study was purposed to investigate the effect of @entity1749 (Bor) and @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) combination on @entity1582 cell line KM3 and its mechanisms. KM3 cells were cultured with different concentration of Bor or @entity9188 as well as both for a certain time. The cell proliferation was analysed by @entity98 assay and the concentration of 50% proliferation inhibition (IC(50)) was calculated. Early apoptosis and late apoptosis of KM3 cells were detected by @entity4404 - @entity2823 Kit, and the change of transmembrane potential was measured by flow cytometry. mRNA of @entity522 , @entity22030 and @entity1836 were detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that the proliferation inhibitory rate of KM3 cells treated by Bor plus @entity9188 was much higher than that of KM3 cells treated by Bor only for 72 h [ (27.64    0.81)% vs (21.67    2.20)%, P < 0.05]. There were more KM3 cells treated by Bor plus @entity9188 in early apoptosis at 48 h and late apoptosis at 72 h than that of KM3 cells treated only by Bor [ (53.20    3.70)% vs (35.40    2.58)%, P < 0.01; (63.96    2.97)% vs (54.08    3.76)%, P < 0.01]. Transmembrane potential (/\  m) of KM3 cells treated by Bor plus @entity9188 decreased more at 48 h, as compared with Bor alone. The expression levels of @entity522 mRNA and @entity22030 mRNA in KM3 cells treated with Bor plus @entity9188 were higher than that in KM3 cells treated with Bor alone. But the expression level of @entity1836 mRNA was lower than that in KM3 cells treated with Bor alone. It is concluded that @entity9188 can enhance the apoptosis-inducing effect of Bor on @entity1582 cell line KM3, which is associated with decreasing the expression of @entity1836 mRNA and increasing the expression of @entity522 and @entity22030 mRNA.

title: Effects of @entity4447 combined with XXXX on apoptosis of @entity1582 cell line KM3 and its mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity1749 :: (MESH:C400082,Chemical) :: ['bortezomib']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Despite normal clinical history and preoperative radiologic and pH studies, @entity354 ( @entity354 ) can become apparent in @entity16 ( @entity16 ) @entity1 after @entity5274 placement. An antireflux procedure performed at the time of @entity5274 placement may prevent @entity354 and help avoid the need for a subsequent surgical procedure but is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate in @entity16 @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to determine the role of protective antireflux procedures in @entity16 @entity1 undergoing @entity5274 placement. METHODS: Decision analysis was used to evaluate the effect of a protective antireflux procedure on morbidity and mortality in @entity16 @entity1 . The rate of @entity354 , need for secondary antireflux procedures, and morbidity and mortality rates after @entity5274 placement with or without an antireflux procedure in @entity16 @entity1 were estimated from the literature and expert opinion and used to construct decision trees. RESULTS: At baseline values, @entity5274 placement resulted in a lower morbidity (11% v 13%) than @entity5274 placement with a protective antireflux procedure. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that @entity5274 placement was the favored approach when the morbidity of @entity5274 placement was less than 11% or the morbidity of antireflux surgery was greater than 10%. At baseline values, @entity5274 placement resulted in a lower mortality rate (0.3% v 0.8%) than @entity5274 placement with a protective antireflux procedure. Using 1-way sensitivity analysis, no threshold value of any variable was found that favored the use of a protective antireflux procedure with respect to mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Although a protective antireflux procedure may reduce the need for additional surgery, inclusion of this procedure is associated with a higher morbidity and mortality rate. Initial placement of a @entity5274 without a protective antireflux procedure is the favored approach for @entity16 @entity1 without preoperative evidence of @entity354 .

title: The role of protective antireflux procedures in XXXX @entity1 : a decision analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['NI', 'neurologically impaired']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER', 'postoperative GER']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurologically impaired']


abstract: The aim of the present study was (1) to test whether or not platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or commercially available fibrin can increase bone regeneration compared with non-treated defects and (2) to test whether or not PRP or fibrin increases bone regeneration when used as a delivery system for recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2). In 16 New Zealand White @entity95 , four evenly distributed 6 mm diameter defects were drilled into the calvarial bone. The following five treatment modalities were randomly allocated to all 64 defects: (0) untreated control, (1) fibrin alone, (2) PRP alone, (3) fibrin with 15 microg rhBMP-2 and (4) PRP with 15 microg rhBMP-2. For the fibrin gels and the PRP containing rhBMP-2, the 15 microg rhBMP-2 was incorporated by precipitation within the matrices before their gelation. After 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the calvarial bones were removed for histological preparation. The area fraction of newly formed bone was determined in vertical sections from the middle of the defect by applying histomorphometrical analysis. A mean area fraction of newly formed bone was found within the former defect of 23.4% (+/-13.5%) in the control sites, of 28.4% (+/-17.4%) in the fibrin sites and of 34.5% (+/-17.4%) in the PRP sites. The statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in bone formation between the three groups (ANOVA). Addition of 15 microg rhBMP-2 in the fibrin gel (59.9+/-20.3%) and the PRP gels (63.1+/-25.3%) increased bone formation significantly. No significant difference was observed between sites, where PRP or fibrin has been used as a delivery system for rhBMP-2 (ANOVA). In conclusion, the application of fibrin gels or PRP gels to @entity79 is not superior to leaving the defect untreated. Regarding the amount of bone formation, the application of 15 microg rhBMP-2 in @entity79 enhances the healing significantly at 4 weeks. In this animal model, commercially available fibrin and autologous PRP gels are equally effective as delivery systems for rhBMP-2.

title: Platelet-rich plasma and fibrin as delivery systems for recombinant @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical effects of posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens in pediatric @entity231 . METHODS: Fifty-one cases (83 eyes) received posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens. @entity227 and @entity2516 were recorded. @entity260 were observed. The follow-up period was from 6 to 36 months. RESULTS: Implantation of optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens was successfully performed in 75 eyes (90.4%). The mean postoperative best corrected distant visual acuity achieved 0.5 or better in 75 eyes (48.0%). No eyes with optic capture were found @entity1781 opaque. The major complications of optic capture were anterior chamber fibrous exudation, iris posterior @entity5862 and lenticular precipitates. CONCLUSION: Optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens is safe and effective in the treatment of pediatric @entity231 to posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis especially in the prevention of secondary opacification from the @entity227 .

title: [Posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens in pediatric XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity', 'visual axis']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic axis']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: The study was conducted to determine whether the expression of behavioral supersensitivity induced by @entity1767 (HAL) administered once daily (2 mg/kg i.p.) for 14 days is associated with the alterations in activity of @entity10969 (NPY) system in the striatum (caudate-putamen) and nucleus accumbens. @entity935 supersensitivity was tested by measurement of locomotor activity and stereotyped behavior after administration of the @entity935 D2/D3 receptor agonist @entity11640 (1 mg/kg i.p.) on day 1, 3 and 7 after HAL withdrawal. @entity10969 -like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) was determined in the striatum and nucleus accumbens isolated 6 h after @entity11640 injection on day 1, 3 and 7 after the end of HAL treatment. NPY mRNA was quantified in these structures on day 7 after HAL withdrawal. HAL @entity2915 and prevalence of rearing, grooming and head-down sniffing. At the same time, striatal NPY-LI increased progressively from the reduced level found on day 1 of @entity1767 withdrawal. NPY mRNA remained unchanged. In saline-treated @entity35 , @entity11640 enhanced locomotion, rearing, and induced intense head-down sniffing and oral activity. These behavioral effects were accompanied by a decrease in striatal NPY-LI. NPY mRNA was slightly increased. HAL treatment altered response to @entity11640 , namely it increased locomotion, intensified oral activity and reduced rearing and head-down sniffing. The second and the third @entity11640 injection decreased NPY-LI levels. NPY mRNA was unchanged. In the nucleus accumbens, apart from a decrease in NPY-LI on day 1 after the last @entity1767 dose, the level of NPY-LI and NPY mRNA in any experimental group did not differ from the control value. The presented results suggest that the alterations in the activity of the striatal but not nucleus accumbens NPY system contribute to adaptive changes induced by long-term @entity1767 treatment and may be of significance to the motor @entity2915 induced by intermittent stimulation of postsynaptic @entity935 D2 receptors.

title: Alterations in striatal @entity10969 system activity of XXXX with @entity1767 -induced behavioral supersensitivity.

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity10969 :: ('24604(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['neuropeptide Y', 'Neuropeptide Y']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity', 'increased spontaneous locomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Measurement of motor function is critical to the assessment and management of @entity191 . Ambulatory motor assessment has the potential to provide a glimpse of the @entity1 's clinical state beyond the consultation. We custom-designed a smartphone application that quantitatively measures hand dexterity and hypothesized that this can give an indication of a @entity1 's overall motor function. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to (i) validate this smartphone application against MDS-UPDRS motor assessment (MDS-UPDRS-III) and the two-target tapping test; (ii) generate a prediction model for MDS-UPDRS-III; (iii) assess repeatability of our smartphone application and (iv) examine compliance and user-satisfaction of this application. METHODS: 103 @entity1 with @entity191 were recruited from two @entity717 clinics. After initial assessment, a group of @entity1 underwent repeat assessment within two weeks. @entity1 were invited to use the smartphone application at home over three days, followed by a survey to assess their experience. RESULTS: Significant correlation between key smartphone application test parameters and MDS-UPDRS-III (r=0.281-0.608, p< 0.0001) was demonstrated. A prediction model based on these parameters accounted for 52.3% of variation in MDS-UPDRS-III (R2=0.523, F(4,93)=25.48, p< 0.0001). Forty-eight @entity1 underwent repeat assessment under identical clinical conditions. Repeatability of key smartphone application tests parameters and predicted MDS-UPDRS-III was moderate to strong (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.584-0.763, p< 0.0001). The follow-up survey identified that our @entity1 were very comfortable with the smartphone application and mobile technology. CONCLUSIONS: Our smartphone application demonstrated satisfactory repeatability and validity when measured against MDS-UPDRS-III. Its performance is acceptable considering our smartphone application measures hand dexterity only.

title: Validation of a Smartphone Application Measuring Motor Function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: @entity9634 ( @entity6207 ), a major plant auxin, is produced in both @entity2340 -dependent and @entity2340 -independent pathways. A major pathway in @entity958 generates @entity6207 in two reactions from @entity2340 . Step one converts @entity2340 to @entity45491 ( @entity9348 ) by @entity2340 aminotransferases followed by a rate-limiting step converting @entity9348 to @entity6207 catalyzed by YUCCA proteins. We identified eight putative StYUC ( @entity415 YUCCA) genes whose deduced @entity535 sequences share 50%-70% identity with those of @entity958 YUCCA proteins. All include canonical, conserved YUCCA sequences: FATGY motif, FMO signature sequence, and FAD-binding and @entity1110 -binding sequences. In addition, five genes were found with ~50% @entity535 sequence identity to @entity958 @entity2340 aminotransferases. Transgenic @entity415 ( @entity415 cv. Jowon) constitutively overexpressing @entity958 @entity45492 displayed high-auxin phenotypes such as narrow downward-curled leaves, increased height, erect stature, and longevity. Transgenic @entity415 plants overexpressing @entity45492 showed enhanced drought tolerance based on reduced water loss. The phenotype was correlated with reduced levels of reactive @entity26 species in leaves. The results suggest a functional YUCCA pathway of auxin biosynthesis in @entity415 that may be exploited to alter plant responses to the environment.

title: Overexpression of XXXX @entity45492 in @entity415 results in high-auxin developmental phenotypes and enhanced resistance to water deficit.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity415 :: ('4113', 'Species') :: ['potato', 'Solanum tuberosum']

entities_list: @entity45491 :: ('MESH:C008122', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-pyruvic acid']

entities_list: @entity9634 :: ('MESH:C030737', 'Chemical') :: ['Indole-3-acetic acid']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Imaging techniques play a pivotal role in securing the diagnosis of @entity1333 , and in demonstrating internal organ involvement in connective tissue diseases. In @entity1333 , angiography is useful in demonstrating vessel stenoses or @entity439 . However, angiography is unable to reveal @entity75 such as vessel wall @entity4 and thickening, and is thus not useful to make an early diagnosis. In contrast, colour Doppler ultrasonography, computerized tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging/angiography are able to delineate both the vessel wall and the lumen. Therefore, they may show vessel wall alterations when the lumen is still unaffected on angiography. 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography does not visualize the vessel wall, but is very sensitive in revealing inflamed vessels. All of these investigations have also been used to follow up @entity1 over time and to monitor response to treatment. In connective tissue diseases, imaging techniques are particularly useful to study internal organs, especially the brain and lung. Magnetic resonance imaging is the investigation of choice to detect and monitor @entity75 , while computerized tomography is the best procedure for @entity358 . However, since most imaging findings are not entirely specific for any given condition, it is important to interpret the results of imaging in the broader clinical context.

title: Role of imaging in XXXX and connective tissue diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['large vessel vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['initial lesions', 'brain disease']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['vasculitis']


abstract: @entity6402  is an opportunistic @entity1 pathogen associated with life-threatening @entity358 in immunocompromised individuals. Pathogenesis of @entity6402 @entity281 involves adherence, colonisation, invasion, survival and persistence in the host. In addition, @entity6402 are also known to secrete  factors, which are associated with virulence in the pathogenesis of the @entity281 . In this study, the host factor that may be the cause of the @entity281 was elucidated in @entity1 epithelial cell line, A549, that was exposed to live  @entity6402  (mid-log phase) and its secretory proteins (mid-log and early-stationary phases) using the Illumina @entity1 Ref-8 microarray platform. The non- @entity281 A549 cells were used as a control. Expression of the host genes that are related to apoptosis, @entity32 and cell cycle as well as metabolic pathways were differentially regulated during the @entity281 . Apoptosis of the host cells and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines were found to be inhibited by both live  @entity6402  and its secretory proteins. In contrast, the host cell cycle and metabolic processes, particularly glycolysis/glycogenesis and @entity844 metabolism were transcriptionally up-regulated during the @entity281 . Our microarray analysis provided preliminary insights into mechanisms of  @entity6402  pathogenesis. The understanding of host response to an @entity281 would provide novel therapeutic targets both for enhancing the host's defences and repressing detrimental responses induced by the invading pathogen.

title: Infection of XXXX induces homeostatic responses in the host for their prolonged survival: the microarray perspective.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity6402 :: ('292', 'Species') :: ['B. cepacia', 'Burkholderia cepacia']

answer: @entity6402 :: (292,Species) :: ['Burkholderia cepacia']


abstract: To examine arterial mechanical changes during aging, pressure-radius and axial force-radius curves were measured in vivo in carotid arteries from 6- and 23-month-old Brown Norway X Fischer 344 @entity35 . Incremental passive circumferential @entity2693 (measured at 50, 100, and 200 mm Hg) was higher (P<0.01) in the 23- compared with the 6-month-old @entity35 (14.02+/-1.23 versus 6.58+/-1.51; 2.68+/-0.56 versus 0.99+/-0.34; 1.10+/-0.24 versus 0.69+/-0.15 dyne/mm2x10(3), respectively). Incremental passive axial @entity2693 was increased (P<0.01) in the 23- compared with the 6-month-old @entity35 (7.95+/-0.70 versus 4.24+/-0.81; 1.91+/-0.10 versus 0.61+/-0.16; 0.58+/-0.09 versus 0.36+/-0.06 dyne/mm2x10(3), respectively). Active incremental circumferential arterial @entity2693 at 100 and 200 mm Hg was increased (P<0.01) in the older @entity35 . In 6-month-old @entity35 , activation of vascular smooth muscle enhanced (P<0.01) the incremental circumferential and axial @entity2693 measured at 200 mm Hg. In 23-month-old @entity35 , only active incremental @entity2693 was increased (P<0.01) at 200 mm Hg. Aging increased (P<0.05) media thickness, collagen content, and the collagen/ @entity4116 ratio by 12%, 21%, and 38%, respectively. @entity4116 density and the number of smooth muscle cell nuclei were decreased by 20% and 31%, respectively, with aging. Thus, structural alterations that occur with aging are associated with changes in both active and passive @entity2693 . Vascular smooth muscle tone modulates arterial wall anisotropy differently during aging.

title: Large artery remodeling during aging: biaxial passive and active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity2693 :: (MESH:C566112,Disease) :: ['stiffness']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In ICU the need for acute renal replacement therapy (RRT) associates with high mortality and risk of @entity454 ( @entity454 ), but there are limited long-term data. We investigated these outcomes and their risk factors. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all adult @entity1 admitted to a general, university hospital ICU 2005-2012, excluding chronic dialysis @entity1 . @entity454 was defined as need of RRT > 90 days or kidney transplant. RESULTS: Of 5766 @entity1 included, 1004 (16%) received acute RRT; their 30-day mortality was 42% vs. 16% for those not requiring acute RRT (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.13 (0.96-1.32)). The 90-day mortality was 55% for @entity1 receiving acute RRT vs. 22% for those who did not (adjusted HR 1.32 (1.15-1.51)) and 1-year mortality was 63% vs. 30%, respectively, (adjusted HR 1.31 (1.16-1.48)). The 7-year risk of @entity454 for ICU @entity1 surviving 90 days was 10% for @entity1 who received acute RRT vs. 0.5% among those who did not (adjusted HR 5.9 (2.9-12.4)). Independent risk factors for @entity454 included pre-existing @entity8 , pre-existing @entity1095 and use of acute RRT in ICU. CONCLUSIONS: The need of acute RRT was associated with markedly increased long term risk of @entity204 and @entity454 ; in contrast its use was not associated with 30-day mortality. In addition to acute RRT, decreased kidney function and @entity1095 before ICU admission were risk factors for @entity454 . It seems warranted offering medical follow-up to @entity1 after acute RRT in ICU.

title: Long term @entity454 and XXXX following acute renal replacement therapy in the ICU.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present new information on the semiology and short-term evolution of @entity410 associated with primary @entity1313 (PBTs) in a prospective study. METHODS: This study is a section of the PERNO study--Project of Emilia Romagna Region on Neuro-Oncology, the main aim of which is to collect prospectively all cases of PBTs occurring in the Emilia-Romagna region, northeast Italy (3,983,346 population) from January 2009 to December 2011, to allow epidemiologic, clinical, and biomolecular studies. The @entity302 section of the PERNO study included all the @entity1 who experienced @entity410 , either as first symptom of the @entity5 or appearing during the course of the disease. Each @entity1 was interviewed by the referring neurologist with a specific interest in @entity302 . The @entity1 who entered the study were followed up with visits on a quarterly basis. KEY FINDINGS: We collected 100 cases with full clinical, neuroradiologic, and pathologic data. The majority (79%) had high grade PBTs ( @entity463 in 50 cases), whereas the remaining @entity1 had low-grade @entity11 , mostly localized in the frontal (60%), temporal (38%), and parietal (28%) lobes. @entity410 were the first symptom of the @entity5 in 72 cases. Overall, the initial @entity410 were @entity3173 (48%) (without clear initial focal signs in more than half of the @entity1 ), focal motor (26%), complex partial (10%), and somatosensitive (8%). The majority of cases (60%) had @entity410 or a low @entity410 frequency at the onset of the disease, whereas a high @entity410 frequency or @entity159 was observed in 18% and 12% of cases, respectively. Ninety-two @entity1 underwent surgical @entity5 , which was either radical (38%) or partial (53%). Seven @entity1 underwent only cerebral biopsy. In the 72 @entity1 in whom @entity410 were the first symptom, the mean time to the surgical treatment was 174 days, with a significant difference between high grade (95 days) and low grade (481 days) @entity11 . At the time of our first observation, the majority of @entity1 (69%) had already undergone surgical removal, with a mean follow-up of 3 months after the procedure. Overall, 39 @entity1 (56%) were @entity410 free after @entity5 removal. The good outcome did not depend on presurgical @entity410 frequency or @entity5 type, although there was a trend for better results with low-grade PBTs. SIGNIFICANCE: These data provide evidence that @entity410 are strictly linked to the tumoral lesion: They are the initial symptom of the @entity5 , reflect the @entity5 location and type, are usually resistant to antiepileptic treatment, and may disappear after the treatment of the lesion.

title: XXXX in primary @entity5 : the characteristics of @entity302 at the onset (results from the PERNO study--Project of Emilia Romagna Region on Neuro-Oncology).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures', 'isolated seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The use of a T-tube to manage complex laryngotracheal lesions, such as @entity6184 , @entity825 and @entity130 , has previously been reported by other surgeons in the past. However, further validation of clinical details, including operative management and postoperative care, is needed. METHODS: From January 1991 to May 2000, 53 @entity1 , including 24 with @entity850 , received 55 @entity1346 T-tubes for transient or permanent stenting of the airway. There were 20 @entity1 for @entity5142 ; eight for long segment tracheostensis; seven with @entity6184 for severe cervicomediastinal @entity82 not amenable for reconstruction; six for @entity130 ; four for @entity130 ; two each for @entity825 , failed tracheal surgery and tuberculotic tracheostenosis; and one each for @entity1727 and necrotizing @entity6062 . We retrospectively analyzed these @entity1 . RESULTS: Thirty-eight out of 53 @entity1 (71.8%) with T-tube stenting from 3 to 15 months was considered successful. Fifteen @entity1 ' operations failed due to @entity1 ' underlining diseases, previous intractable @entity358 , poor cognition and/or inadequate tube position. After removal of the tube, three @entity1 (10.7%) developed partial @entity1224 with mild subglottic granulation tissue, which was resolved by @entity544 laser therapy. Two @entity1 (7.1%) with @entity1162 were conservatively treated by @entity7292 . CONCLUSION: Silicone T-tube can effectively resolve the complex laryngotracheal lesions with limited complications. Concurrent @entity66 and intractable @entity281 were the two major causes for failure after the T-tube reconstruction.

title: XXXX T-tube for complex laryngotracheal problems.

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheomalacia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6062 :: ('MESH:D014136', 'Disease') :: ['tracheitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1727 :: ('MESH:D004937', 'Disease') :: ['tracheo-esophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged tracheocutaneous fistula']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['post-tracheostomy stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['complex tracheal injury', 'tracheal injury', 'glottic injury']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['Silicone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After the arterial switch operation (ASO) for @entity3886 (TGA), the native pulmonary root and valve function in the systemic position, and the long-term risk for neoaortic root dilation and @entity338 is currently undefined. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and progression of neoaortic root dilation and @entity338 in @entity1 with TGA repaired with the ASO. METHODS: Measurements of the neoaortic annulus, neoaortic root at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva, and the degree of neoaortic regurgitation were assessed by serial transthoracic echocardiograms on 124 @entity1 with TGA at a median follow-up of 7.2 years (range, 1 to 23 years) after the ASO at our institution. RESULTS: @entity384 with z scores of 2.5 or greater was identified in 66%, and the root diameter z score increased at an average rate of 0.08 per year over time after ASO. Freedom from neoaortic root dilation at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years after ASO was 84%, 67%, 47%, and 32%, respectively. Risk factors for root dilation include history of @entity1147 right ventricle (p = 0.003), previous pulmonary artery banding (p = 0.01), and length of follow-up (p = 0.04). @entity338 of at least moderate degree was present in 14%. @entity384 was a significant risk factor for @entity338 (p < 0.0001). No @entity1 required reintervention on the neoaorta or neoaortic valve during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive neoaortic root dilation is common in @entity1 with TGA after the ASO. Continued surveillance of this population is required.

title: Long-term outcomes of the neoaorta after arterial switch operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Neoaortic root dilation']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['valve regurgitation', 'Neoaortic valve regurgitation', 'neoaortic valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1147 :: ('MESH:D004310', 'Disease') :: ['double-outlet']

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: The outcome of total hip replacement (THR) in @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) is unclear. Concern has often been voiced by both surgeons and physicians regarding potential reankylosis, mechanical failure and poor function. We present an independent review of the @entity1 ' perception of outcome in 150 total hip replacements (138 primary + 12 revisions) in 87 subjects with @entity1691 . The mean followup was 7.5 years (1-34 years). Twelve were followed for greater than 15 years and 33 for greater than 10 years. Bilateral replacements were performed in 51 of the 87 @entity1 (59%), 33 (65%) of whom had bilateral surgery within a 12-month period. Failures were early and rare. Twelve of 138 (9%) were revised (8 @entity1 , mean of 3.6 years postoperatively) and 3 of the 12 were rerevisions. Twelve total hip replacements followed for 15 years or more resulted in only 2 failures (same @entity1 : reankylosis) while 3 failed out of 33 followed for 10 years or more. Overall, for the 138 total hip replacements in situ (including the revisions), the @entity1 considered outcome to be good or very good in 86%, while 89% had no (63%) or mild (26%) @entity158 . Mobility was good or very good in 44%. On a scale of 1-5 (very poor to very good) @entity1 followed for up to 5 years scored 4.7, as did those followed for greater than 15 years. Sixty-nine percent of the male recipients under age 60 are at work. Reankylosis occurred in only 1 @entity1 (4 hips). In general the first and second hips replaced had an equally good outcome. The long-term outcome of total hip replacement in @entity1691 is very good. The few failures occurred early, and @entity1 were as satisfied with the outcome more than 15 years postoperatively as they were within the first 5 years.

title: The outcome of 138 total hip replacements and 12 revisions in XXXX : high success rate after a mean followup of 7.5 years.

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1539 ( @entity1539 ) caused by systemic alpha-blockers has been associated with an increased risk of @entity231 surgical complications when the surgeon was unaware of the medication history and did not anticipate its occurrence. This study was undertaken to evaluate the surgical outcomes and rate of complications when the ophthalmologist knew the @entity1 was taking @entity9940 (Flomax, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT) and used 1 of several strategies to manage @entity1539 . DESIGN: Prospective multicenter nonrandomized observational series. @entity1 : A total of 167 consecutive eyes in 135 @entity1 taking @entity9940 and undergoing @entity231 surgery. METHODS: Phacoemulsification was performed in conjunction with at least 1 of 4 different @entity1539 management strategies, namely, topical @entity3897 preoperatively, iris retractors, pupil expansion ring, or use of viscoadaptive ophthalmic viscosurgical device with reduced fluidic parameters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Severity of @entity1539 , incidence of @entity260 , and final visual acuity. RESULTS: The @entity1539 severity was rated as mild in 17%, moderate in 30%, and severe in 43% of the study eyes. No @entity1539 was noted in 10% of the eyes. The rate of posterior capsule @entity397 and @entity393 was 0.6% (1/167; 95% confidence interval, 0%-1.8%). Ninety-five percent of eyes achieved a best-corrected visual acuity of at least 20/40. CONCLUSION: When experienced surgeons could anticipate @entity1539 and employ compensatory surgical techniques, the complication rate from @entity231 surgery was low and the visual outcomes were excellent in eyes of @entity1 with a history of @entity9940 use.

title: Prospective multicenter evaluation of XXXX surgery in @entity1 taking @entity9940 (Flomax).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['IFIS', 'Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['operative or postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous loss']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted with the aim of testing the effects of a reduction in tidal volume (V(T)) on @entity356 using laser-Doppler flowmetry in @entity1 with @entity649 ( @entity649 ). DESIGN: It was designed as a prospective study. @entity1 : Seventeen @entity1 with @entity649 were enrolled in the study. All @entity1 were mechanically ventilated in volume-controlled mode. Before the start of the protocol, V(T) was set at 9 ml/kg body weight. INTERVENTION: V(T) was reduced to 6 ml/kg body weight. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Measurements of systemic hemodynamic parameters and @entity1819 flow (GMBF) were obtained before and after reduction of V(T). Cardiac index, heaart rate and pulmonary arterial pressure increased significantly after V(T) reduction. The increase in cardiac output was observed in all @entity1 . However, despite a mean 25% increase in cardiac output after V(T) reduction, no significant increase in mean GMBF was observed, and individual GMBF responses were heterogeneous. CONCLUSION: V(T) reduction in @entity1 with @entity649 , despite resulting in an increase in cardiac output, did not change @entity356 . The heterogeneity in the individual response of GMBF to V(T) reduction could be due to opposite direct (i.e., local vasodilatory effect) and indirect (i.e., global sympathetic stimulation) effects of @entity2944 on gut vessels.

title: Effects of tidal volume reduction in XXXX on @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal blood']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal perfusion']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic resection has become an increasingly popular method of treating sinonasal @entity1179 . The literature on endoscopic approaches to @entity1179 consists primarily of relatively small case series (grade C evidence). This study aims to systematically review and integrate the available literature to objectively compare success rates of endoscopic versus nonendoscopic @entity5 resection techniques. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of the literature on resection of @entity1179 . METHODS: Comprehensive review of the English-language literature on resection of @entity1179 was performed. The reports were subdivided into endoscopic approaches versus nonendoscopic approaches, applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our institution's experience with endoscopic treatment of @entity1179 was also included. Studies from the era of endoscopic sinus surgery (1992-2004) formed a "contemporary" cohort and were compared with a "historical" cohort developed from the literature between 1970 and 1995. RESULTS: Thirty-two studies were included in the contemporary cohort, comprising 714 @entity1 treated endoscopically and 346 @entity1 treated nonendoscopically. Thirteen studies in the historical cohort yielded 692 @entity1 treated nonendoscopically. There was a significantly lower recurrence rate in the contemporary cohort compared with the historical cohort (15% v 20%, P = 0.02). Within the contemporary cohort, endoscopically treated @entity1 had significantly lower recurrences than nonendoscopically treated @entity1 (12% v 20%, P < 0.01). Notably, the recurrence rate for nonendoscopically treated @entity1 in the contemporary cohort was equivalent to that of the nonendoscopic @entity1 in the historical cohort (20% v 19%, P = 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: A systematic review of the literature supports endoscopic resection as a favorable treatment option for most cases of sinonasal @entity1179 . EBM RATING: B-3a.

title: Endoscopic resection of sinonasal XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['inverted papillomas', 'inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['inverted papilloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Latent @entity3252 , a lifelong infection with the protozoan @entity3204 , has cumulative effects on the behaviour of hosts, including @entity1 . The most impressive effect of @entity3252 is the "fatal attraction phenomenon," the conversion of innate fear of cat odour into attraction to cat odour in infected rodents. While most behavioural effects of @entity3252 were confirmed also in @entity1 , neither the fatal attraction phenomenon nor any @entity3252 -associated changes in olfactory functions have been searched for in them. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Thirty-four @entity3204 -infected and 134 noninfected students rated the odour of urine samples from cat, @entity1641 , @entity7928 , brown hyena and @entity235 for intensity and pleasantness. The raters were @entity281 status and identity of the samples. No signs of changed sensitivity of olfaction were observed. However, we found a strong, gender dependent effect of @entity3252 on the pleasantness attributed to cat urine odour (p=0.0025). Infected @entity1 rated this odour as more pleasant than did the noninfected @entity1 , while infected @entity1 rated the same odour as less pleasant than did noninfected @entity1 . @entity3252 did not affect how subjects rated the pleasantness of any other animal species' urine odour; however, a non-significant trend in the same directions was observed for hyena urine. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of the effects of @entity3252 on the odour pleasantness score attributed to large @entity468 would suggest that the @entity535 felinine could be responsible for the fatal attraction phenomenon. Our results also raise the possibility that the odour-specific threshold deficits observed in @entity161 @entity1 could be caused by increased prevalence of @entity3204 -infected subjects in this population rather than by @entity161 itself. The trend observed with the hyena urine sample suggests that this carnivore, and other representatives of the Feliformia suborder, should be studied for their possible role as definitive hosts in the life cycle of @entity3204 .

title: Fatal attraction phenomenon in @entity1 : cat odour attractiveness increased for @entity3204 -infected @entity1 while decreased for infected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['blind to their infection']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis', 'Toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of postischemic treatment with @entity1502 on the cytokine gene expressions and neuronal apoptosis in neonatal @entity35 model of @entity2806 . METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity35 @entity35 pups (n = 40) of either sex, delivered spontaneously, were used in this experimental study. Control group (n = 8): after median neck incision was made, neither ligation nor @entity519 was performed, @entity63 group (n = 16): 0.5 mL of saline was injected intraperitoneally immediately after @entity519 . @entity1502 and @entity63 groups (n = 16): the @entity35 pups were administered intraperitoneally 60 mg/kg of @entity1502 immediately after @entity519 . Eight @entity35 from @entity63 and @entity1502 + @entity63 groups were sacrificed 4 and 24 hours after drug administration. Control group @entity19 were decapitated 4 hours after @entity519 . @entity4124 activity, @entity3426 , and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a messenger RNA expression levels were studied in the left half of the brain. RESULTS: Induction of @entity2806 increased @entity5 @entity39 factor-a and @entity3426 messenger RNA expression levels significantly at 4 hours and 24 hours following @entity63 in the left @entity63 hemispheres in the @entity63 group as compared with the control group. Systemic administration of @entity1502 immediately after @entity2806 significantly reduced the @entity5 @entity39 factor-a and @entity3426 messenger RNA expression levels in @entity63 tissue as compared with the @entity63 group. @entity4124 activities in the left half of the brains of @entity63 group were found to be increased significantly as compared with control group. @entity4124 activities in the brains of @entity1502 + @entity63 groups were significantly lower than in that of @entity63 group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the significantly lower @entity3426 and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a gene expression measured after 4 and 24 hours and significantly reduced @entity4124 activity measured colorimetrically in the animals treated with @entity1502 , our findings suggest that @entity1502 may reduce @entity75 due to @entity63 .

title: The effects of intraperitoneal XXXX treatment in @entity35 pups with @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemia', 'hypoxic-ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentoxifylline', 'pentoxifylline']

answer: @entity1502 :: (MESH:D010431,Chemical) :: ['pentoxifylline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aging is characterized by chronic, low-grade @entity32 that is related to @entity409 and arterial stiffness. Physical activity can protect @entity4479 from @entity65 and increased @entity32 . Acute @entity32 causes transient @entity409 and arterial stiffening in younger adults (YA), but may not have the same effect in @entity4479 ( @entity4479 ). We hypothesized that acute @entity32 would increase blood pressure (BP) and endothelial impairment to a greater extent in @entity4479 versus YA, but that physical activity would be protective. We induced @entity32 with an influenza vaccine in 22 @entity4479 (55-75 yrs) and 31 YA (18-35 yrs) and measured brachial @entity384 ( @entity384 ), BP, and serum inflammatory markers pre- and at 24  h and 48  h post-vaccination. Physical activity data were collected using accelerometry. During @entity32 , only @entity4479 reduced @entity13519 (from 120      3 to 115      2 to 115      3  mmHg, P  <  0.05), but only YA reduced @entity384 (from 11.3      0.7 to 8.5      0.6 to 8.9      0.6% in younger versus 6.7      0.6 to 5.3      0.7 to 6.0      0.6% in @entity4479 , P  <  0.05 for time and interaction effects). The entire cohort increased @entity1851 , P  <  0.05 but only YA increased @entity650 , P  <  0.05 for time*age group interaction. Physical activity related to the percent change in @entity32 in @entity4479 (r  =  -0.50, P  <  0.05) but not to the change in arterial function in either group (P  >  0.05 for all). We conclude that acute @entity32 reduced @entity384 only in YA and reduced BP only in @entity4479 . Physical activity did not affect arterial function during acute @entity32 . Clinicians should be aware that all @entity4479 are vulnerable to @entity551 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Effects of aging and physical activity on blood pressure and endothelial function during acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4479 :: ('MESH:C538052', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'older adults']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation-mediated BP reductions and cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['c-reactive protein']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: During the 5 years after primary @entity0 for @entity1 65 years old, we examined factors associated with change in emotional well-being. @entity1 AND METHODS: We identified @entity1 diagnosed with primary @entity0 and selected @entity1 with @entity5 , age 65 years, and for whom we had permission from the attending physician to contact. Data were collected during 5 years of follow-up from consenting @entity1 ' medical records and telephone interviews with @entity1 . Outcomes included a five-question Mental Health Inventory general measure of emotional health (MHI5) and two cancer-specific measures: @entity0 -specific emotional health (BCSEH) and @entity5 Rehabilitation Evaluation System-Short Form (CARES-SF) Psychosocial Summary Scale. RESULTS: During 5 years of follow-up of older @entity0 survivors, 57% had less than a +/- 10-point change in MHI5, 38% had less than a +/- 10-point change in BCSEH, and 52% had less than a +/- 10-point change in CARES-SF Psychosocial Summary Scale. @entity1 with less than 12 years of education were at greatest risk for having negative changes in both general and @entity0 -specific emotional health. Moreover, we also found that @entity1 who perceived themselves as never being cured had greater negative changes in all outcomes. Conversely, those who had better physical function, emotional social support, and positive ratings regarding the quality of medical interactions at baseline were less likely to have poor emotional health during follow-up. CONCLUSION: For the majority of older @entity0 survivors, cancer-specific well-being and general emotional health do not change substantially after a @entity0 . Among those in whom change occurs, risk factors are similar and may be related to other age-related diseases.

title: Older XXXX survivors: factors associated with change in emotional well-being.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'stage I to IIIa disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The aim of the study is to define the ability of @entity11601 , @entity26118 , @entity1307 and @entity1261 to modulate the expansion of different hematopoietic compartments in association with a basic cocktail of @entity6826 + @entity2772 + @entity650 (S36). @entity2280 + cells from normal bone marrow were cultured in stroma-free, serum-free medium for 10 days. Using various concentrations of cytokines, total cells could be expanded up to 5200-fold, @entity2280 + cells up to 78-fold, @entity7419 up to 143-fold, BFU-E up to 46-fold, CFU-MK up to six-fold and LTC-IC up to four-fold. The results were assessed by multiparametric analysis of variance. Three factors had a significant stimulatory effect on the late precursor compartment: @entity1307 (P < 10(-5)), @entity1261 (P=5 x 10(-3)) and FL (P=10(-5)). Two were critical for @entity2280 + cell expansion: FL (P=4 x 10(-5)) and @entity1307 (P=6 x 10(-5)), while two were critical for BFU-E expansion: @entity26118 (P=8 x 10(-4)) and FL (P=0.017). FL strongly stimulated @entity7419 expansion (P < 10(-5)), whereas none of the growth factors studied had any effect on CFU-MK. FL (P=10(-4)) and @entity26118 (P=0.002) were essential to obtain high levels of expansion of LTC-IC as determined in limiting dilution assays. In the light of the above results showing a preferential effect on the expansion of precursor cells (3080-fold), @entity2280 + cells (53-fold), @entity7419 (134-fold), BFU-E (46-fold) and LTC-IC (five-fold), the combination @entity6826 , @entity2772 , @entity650 , FL, @entity26118 , @entity1307 and @entity1261 was chosen as a putative cytokine cocktail for further studies on long-term culture. Sustained production of precursor cells, progenitor cells, LTC-IC and E-LTC-IC for up to 100 days reflects the persistence of very primitive stem cells. This suggests that these populations are probably able to undergo self-renewal divisions. The above combination of cytokines meets the required criterion for potential clinical application, which may be defined as an effective capacity to expand all cell compartments, using as the starting material high concentrations of low purity @entity2280 + cells.

title: @entity11601 , XXXX , @entity1307 and @entity1261 enhance ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic cell compartments in the presence of @entity6826 , @entity2772 and @entity650 .

answer: @entity26118 :: (7066,Gene) :: ['MGDF']


abstract: A 23-year-old male with @entity565 developed @entity1712 (eosinophils greater than 2,000/mm3) and was observed at our hospital. After using a prescribed @entity3352 suppository for fever at home, he experienced an attack of acute @entity662 and severe @entity1353 . He suffered @entity1167 while being transferred to the ward. After resuscitation, he was diagnosed as having acute @entity583 on the basis of electrocardiographic and ultrasonic cardiographic findings, and marked elevation of serum concentrations of myocardial enzymes. Thereafter, he often complained of @entity158 and @entity490 . When he was administered an analgesic in another hospital, he developed severe @entity158 , and marked ST elevation was recorded on the electrocardiogram. Coronary angiography revealed no stenosis nor @entity731 changes, suggesting that severe @entity2473 of the coronary arteries and direct @entity296 by eosinophils were the causes of the @entity583 and @entity951 . He was diagnosed as having @entity12534 ( @entity56 ) on the basis of the clinical findings; skin biopsy and transbronchial lung biopsy findings were consistent with the diagnosis. Following @entity134 administration, his @entity951 -like attacks and @entity490 ceased. This @entity1 developed two episodes of @entity65 upon administration of antipyretic analgesics. This suggests that in cases of @entity12534 with @entity117 -induced @entity565 , physicians must be aware of the @entity65 , and such drugs should be administered with caution.

title: [Acute @entity296 and repeated XXXX in a young @entity1 with @entity12534 ].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarction-like symptoms']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina', 'angina pectoris-like attacks']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic granulomatous angiitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['precordial pain']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications', 'acute cardiovascular symptoms']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris-like attacks']


abstract: Expression of reporter genes under the control of the @entity2858 long terminal repeat (LTR) was up-regulated in the @entity19 macrophage cell line RAW264 by cotransfection of a plasmid coding for the viral regulatory protein @entity43053 . To determine if a discrete section of the LTR was exclusively responsive to @entity43053 , a series of promoters was produced by successive 5' deletions from the LTR up to the boundary of the enhancer region. These truncated promoters were as active as the full-length sequence in the RAW264 cells, but elimination of the direct repeats and one of the three @entity10591 sites reduced promoter activity to minimal levels. Transcription driven by all constructs was equally susceptible to the trans-activating effect of @entity43053 and could be increased further by the addition of a Tat-expressing plasmid to the cotransfection. Open reading frames of @entity43053 from NL4-3, from HXB2, which has a premature stop, and a fully functional hybrid of the two under the control of the SR alpha artificial promoter (SV40 early promoter plus @entity2662 R-U5') were able to transactivate the LTR in RAW264 cells to the same degree as HXB3 @entity43053 under the control of the cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) immediate-early promoter. A frameshift mutation of @entity43053 at the XhoI site at position 8475 did not abrogate trans-activation of the LTR in macrophages. To further define the effective trans-activation region of @entity43053 , internal deletions were made. Changes downstream of the XhoI site at @entity535 35 resulted in little or no reduction in trans-activation, whereas a deletion between the @entity2834 promoter of the expression plasmid and the XhoI site largely abolished activity. @entity43053 trans-activation of the LTR may be restricted to macrophages. Parallel cotransfection experiments in COS-1 simian fibroblast-like cells showed repression of reporter expression by @entity43053 . Results suggested that the section of @entity43053 responsible for transactivation of the LTR in macrophages differed slightly from that sufficient for trans-repression in fibroblasts. Translation of the protein from the first translation start site ( @entity15699 ) rather than from the second in-frame ATG (Met-20) appears to be necessary for the trans-activating effect of @entity43053 in RAW264 cells. Mutation of the initial ATG to ATA led to loss of trans-activating activity. Expression of @entity43053 also has a cytostatic/cytotoxic effect on RAW264 cells indicated by a reduced rate of establishment of stably transfected clones. The cytostatic effect of @entity43053 was not relieved by internal deletions in the coding sequence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The XXXX regulatory protein Nef has a specific function in viral expression in a @entity19 macrophage cell line.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We sought to investigate prospectively the association between exposure to disaster (the 2011 East Japan Earthquake) and change in @entity308 among community-dwelling older adult survivors. We used two waves of data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES), an ongoing population-based, prospective cohort study in Japan. A unique feature of our study was the availability of information about mental health status pre-dating the disaster. Our sample comprised community-dwelling survivors aged 65 and older, who responded to surveys in 2010 (i.e. one year before the disaster) and in 2013 (n  =  3464). We categorized disaster exposure according to three types of experiences: loss of family/friends, property damage, and disruption in access to medical service. Our main outcome was change in @entity308 , measured by the 15-item geriatric @entity308 scale (GDS). Among the @entity1 , 917 (26.5%) reported losing a family member to the disaster, while a further 537 (15.5%) reported losing a friend. More than half of the @entity1 reported some damage to their homes. After adjusting for demographics and baseline mental health, @entity1 whose homes were completely destroyed had significantly elevated depressive symptom scores three years later (+1.22 points, 95%CI: 0.80, 1.64, p  <  0.0001). Disruption of @entity146 care was also associated with change in GDS scores (+2.51 points, 95%CI: 1.28, 3.74, p  <  0.0001). By contrast, loss of family/friends was no longer associated with GDS after 3 years;  +0.18 points (95%CI: -0.018, 0.37, p  =  0.08) for loss of family, and -0.045 points (95%CI: -0.28, 0.19, p  =  0.71) for loss of friends. Three years after the disaster, survivors of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami appeared to have recovered from loss of loved ones. By contrast, property loss and disruption of psychiatry care were associated with persistent adverse impact on mental health.

title: Predictors of XXXX following the Great East Japan earthquake: A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive symptoms']


abstract: A longitudinal study of cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out in 23 @entity1 with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS); 1 each of types IH, VI, and VII; 2 of type IS; 10 of type II; and 4 each of types IIIB and @entity3480 . Six types of distinct abnormalities were 1) cribriform changes or spotty changes in the corpus callosum, basal ganglia, and white matter; 2) high-intensity signal in the white matter on T2-weighted image; 3) @entity1276 ; 4) diffuse cerebral @entity194 ; 5) @entity1745 ; and 6) megacisterna magna. The cribriform changes that corresponded to dilated perivascular spaces were found in the @entity1 with @entity1646 , II, and VI. The patchy and diffuse intensity changes were found in the @entity1 with @entity1646 and IIIB, respectively. @entity1646 and the severe type of @entity1646 showed marked @entity1276 . Marked @entity194 was observed in all @entity1646 @entity1 and in the severe type of @entity1646 @entity1 . @entity1745 was a feature usually observed in @entity1646 , @entity3480 , VI, and VII. Megacisterna magna was frequent in the @entity1 with @entity1646 (6/10). In two of five @entity1 , the therapeutic effect of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was remarkable. Both the cribriform changes and the intensity change of the white matter in a @entity1646 @entity1 disappeared eight years after the BMT. Slight improvement of cribriform change was noted in one @entity1 with @entity1646 three years after the BMT. @entity7748 was not sufficient to estimate the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans but was useful for evaluating @entity528 .

title: Brain magnetic resonance imaging in 23 XXXX with mucopolysaccharidoses and the effect of bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression', 'Spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy', 'cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1646 :: ('MESH:D009083', 'Disease') :: ['MPS II', 'MPS IIIB', 'MPS IH', 'MPS VI', 'MPS IS']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damages']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stent (DES) platforms devoid of durable polymer have potential to enhance long-term safety outcomes. The ISAR-TEST-3 study was a randomised trial comparing three @entity3446 -eluting stents with different coating strategies. The present study examined 2-year outcomes of these @entity1 and is the first large-scale trial to report longer-term outcomes with biodegradable polymer and polymer-free DES. METHODS: @entity1 with de novo coronary lesions in native vessels were randomly assigned to receive biodegradable polymer (BP; n = 202), permanent polymer (PP; Cypher; n = 202) and polymer-free (PF; n = 201) stents. The 2-year endpoints of interest were @entity75 revascularisation (TLR), @entity583 ( @entity583 ), stent @entity715 and delayed @entity393 (LLL) between 6-8 months and 2 years. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in TLR (8.4%, 10.4% and 13.4% for BP, PP and PF stents, respectively; p = 0.19), @entity204 / @entity583 (5.9%, 6.4% and 6.5% with BP, PP and PF respectively; p = 0.97) or stent @entity715 (definite/probable 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.0% with BP, PP and PF, respectively; p = 0.82). Paired angiographic follow-up at 6-8 months and 2 years was available for 302 @entity1 (69.0% of eligible @entity1 ). Delayed LLL was significantly different across the treatment groups: 0.17 (0.42) mm, 0.16 (0.41) mm and -0.01 (0.36) mm for BP, PP and PF stents, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Clinical antirestenotic efficacy was maintained with all three platforms between 1 and 2 years, although angiographic surveillance showed ongoing delayed LLL with both BP and PP stent platforms. At 2 years there was no signal of a differential safety profile between the three stent platforms.

title: Randomised trial of three XXXX -eluting stents with different coating strategies for the reduction of coronary restenosis: 2-year follow-up results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'death/myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic late luminal loss']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: Analysis of bioactive substances produced by @entity5 cells is one approach to understanding the biological features of @entity1 @entity5 . One of these bioactive substances is @entity2232 , a peptide with potent vasoconstrictive activity produced by vascular endothelial cells. We have previously reported the production of ET-1 by several types of @entity1 @entity5 , especially @entity788 cells. To elucidate whether these @entity5 cells might share biological characteristics with vascular endothelial cells, we investigated the production of three ET isoforms in @entity788 cells, using a specific radioimmunoassay. Further, we also investigated whether these cells produce @entity9820 (TM), another product of endothelial cells functioning as a modulator of procoagulant activity. ET-1 was detected in 11 of 12 @entity788 cell lines (92%) while ET-2 and ET-3 were detectable in only one cell line. Gel filtration analysis confirmed the presence of ET-1. Moreover, TM was detected in the cell lysates of 11 of the 12 cell lines (92%) and it was released into the culture medium in the majority (58%) of these cell lines. TM mRNA was also detected in these cells. In addition, TM was demonstrated immunocytochemically along the cell surface. These results suggest that @entity788 cells share two characteristics with endothelial cells: the production of ET-1 and TM.

title: Production of XXXX and @entity9820 by @entity1 @entity788 cells.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['thrombomodulin']

answer: @entity2232 :: (1906,Gene) :: ['endothelin-1']


abstract: A lysate of @entity743 equi-infected erythrocytes (USDA strain) was separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and analysed by Western blotting. Nine major antigens or antigen groups with mol. wts. ranging from 43 to 19 kDa were recognized by sera from @entity1641 experimentally infected with the USDA strain. Four antigens or antigen groups were also recognized by some or all sera from @entity1641 infected with B. caballi or not infected with @entity743 spp. Of the remaining five antigens, four were recognized by all sera from field-infected @entity1641 from Europe. Thus, four antigens with mol. wts. of 33, 31, 19 and 20 kDa were identified as diagnostic antigens for European isolates of B. equi. None of the antigens diagnostic for European isolates was recognized by sera from field-infected @entity1641 from Brazil.

title: Identification of antigens diagnostic for European isolates of XXXX equi by two-dimensional electrophoresis and western blotting.

answer: @entity743 :: (MESH:D001404,Disease) :: ['Babesia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Precocious puberty in @entity1 is generally defined as appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before eight years of age. Menarche before the ninth birthday may serve as an additional criterion. Precocious puberty is divided in central precocious puberty and @entity1175 . @entity26492 ( @entity1176 dependent) occurs because of premature activation of @entity2339 and activity of gonadotrophins. @entity1175 ( @entity1176 independent) is caused by activity of sexual @entity230 that are not the result of gonadotrophin activity. OBJECTIVE: Objective of our study was to examine the etiology, clinical and laboratory manifestations of @entity1175 in @entity1 . METHOD: In the period between 1995 and 2004, clinical and laboratory sings of 34 @entity1 with precocious puberty were studied at the Endocrine Department of the Institute of Mother and @entity1 Health Care of Serbia. Initial evaluations included height measurement, staging of puberty, bone age assessment and pelvic ultrasound. Important diagnostic sonographic parameters of precocious puberty were the volumes of ovaries and uterus as well as ovarian structure. The initial hormonal evaluation included measuring of plasma @entity53 , luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The @entity4396 ( @entity4396 ) stimulation test was used to evaluate LH and FSH responsiveness (60 microg/m2 @entity4396 -Relefact @entity4396 , Ferring). Blood samples were collected at 0, 20 and 60 minutes. Basal and @entity1176 stimulated LH and FSH were determined by immunoradiometric assay. @entity53 concentration was measured using the fluoroimmunometric assay. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 aged 6 months to 9 years (mean age 4.5 years) with precocious puberty were studied during the period of 9 years. Eleven @entity1 presented with breast development, six with @entity3556 and seventeen with signs of puberty. On the basis of clinical signs, bone age, @entity53 levels and @entity4396 test, premature thelarche was diagnosed in eleven @entity1 (32.4%), premature menarche in six (17.6%) and central precocious puberty in ten @entity1 (29.4%). Seven @entity1 (20.6%) presented with @entity1175 . Pelvic ultrasound examination revealed unilateral @entity42 in six @entity1 and @entity722 in one. Elevated @entity172 serum levels and failure of gonadotropin responses after gonadotropin releasing hormone were the classical findings in @entity1 with @entity1175 during the acute period of disease. In four @entity1 , the cyst decreased spontaneously after several months, while in two @entity1 , the cyst was removed by laparotomy. Surgical treatment was performed in a @entity1 with @entity722 . CONCLUSION: Our work demonstrates that autonomous functional ovarian follicle cyst is the most often cause of @entity1175 . Short period of observation is suggested because the cyst can resolve spontaneously. On the other hand, @entity722 , as highly malignant @entity5 , should be removed as soon as diagnosis is established.

title: [ @entity42 and @entity5 as the cause of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patient', 'girls', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['LHRH', 'luteinizing hormone releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile granulosa cell tumor', 'granulosa cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity1175 :: ('MESH:D011628', 'Disease') :: ['isosexual pseudoprecocious puberty', 'pseudoprecocious puberty', 'Pseudoprecocious puberty']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', 'oestradiol', 'Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity26492 :: ('MESH:C562787', 'Disease') :: ['Central precocious puberty']

answer: @entity1175 :: (MESH:D011628,Disease) :: ['isosexual pseudoprecocious puberty']


abstract: Older @entity1 with low bone density have an increased risk of @entity174 , @entity65 , and mortality. However, it is not known whether this association is caused by ongoing @entity604 or by lower bone mass earlier in life. To determine whether rate of @entity604 is associated with total and cause-specific mortality, we prospectively studied 6046 @entity1 aged 65 years or older who had serial @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements as a part of the Study of @entity3604 . Rates (mean +/- @entity168 ) of loss of @entity79 at the heel (for a mean of 5.7 years) and hip (for a mean of 3.5 years) were estimated. Cause-specific mortality was ascertained from death certificates and hospital records. @entity79 loss at the heel was 5.9 +/- 6.0 mg/cm2 per year (1.5 +/- 1.5%) and @entity79 loss at the hip was 4.1 +/- 10.2 mg/cm2 per year (0.6 +/- 1.4%). During an average follow-up of 3.2 years after the second measurement of @entity79 , 371 @entity204 occurred. Each @entity168 increase in @entity79 loss at the hip was associated with a 1.3-fold (95% CI, 1.1-1.4) increase in total mortality, adjusted for age, baseline @entity79 , @entity6 , @entity101 , incident @entity174 , smoking, physical activity, health status, @entity353 , and @entity460 use. In particular, hip @entity79 loss was associated with increased mortality from @entity301 (relative hazard [RH] = 1.3 per @entity168 ; 95% CI, 1.0-1.8) and @entity358 (RH = 1.6 per @entity168 ; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5). The findings were similar for @entity604 at the heel, except there was no significant association with pulmonary mortality. These results raise the possibility that @entity604 may share common etiologies with coronary and @entity358 .

title: Rate of XXXX is associated with mortality in older @entity1 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporotic Fractures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']