abstract: @entity935 and D1 agonists and NE all increase @entity4357 -specific phospholipase C (PLC) activity, but whereas @entity935 produces a natriuresis, NE has an antinatriuretic effect. To determine if @entity2661 differentially regulate the expression of PLC isoforms, we infused @entity18370 , a D1 agonist, or @entity399 , a D1/D2 agonist, intravenously or infused @entity18370 or NE into the renal artery of anesthetized @entity35 . After 3-4 h of infusion, when the expected natriuresis ( @entity18370 or @entity399 ) or antinatriuresis (NE) occurred, the kidneys were removed for analysis of PLC isoform protein expression activity. Western blot analysis revealed that in renal cortical membranes, @entity18370 and @entity399 increased expression of @entity38628 and decreased expression of @entity22857 ; PLC delta was unchanged. In the cytosol, @entity399 and @entity18370 increased expression of both @entity38628 and @entity22857 . No effects were noted in the medulla. A preferential D1 antagonist, @entity62858 , which by itself had no effect, blocked the effects of @entity399 , thus confirming the involvement of the D1 receptor. In contrast, NE also increased @entity38628 but did not affect @entity22857 protein expression in membranes. The changes in PLC isoform expression were accompanied by similar changes in PLC isoform activity. These studies demonstrate for the first time differential regulation of PLC isoforms by @entity2661 .

title: Differential regulation of renal phospholipase C isoforms by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18370 :: ('MESH:D018818', 'Chemical') :: ['fenoldopam']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity399 :: ('MESH:C061333', 'Chemical') :: ['pramipexole']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidyl inositol']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity302 , @entity410 exhibit a cyclic pattern that parallels the menstrual cycle. Many studies suggest that catamenial @entity410 are caused by fluctuations in gonadal hormones during the menstrual cycle, but this has been difficult to study in rodent models of @entity302 because the ovarian cycle in rodents, called the estrous cycle, is disrupted by severe @entity410 . Thus, when @entity302 is severe, estrous cycles become irregular or stop. Therefore, we modified @entity4176 (KA)- and @entity2134 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ) models of @entity302 so that @entity410 were rare for the first months after @entity159 , and conducted video-EEG during this time. The results showed that interictal spikes (IIS) occurred intermittently. All @entity35 with regular 4-day estrous cycles had IIS that waxed and waned with the estrous cycle. The association between the estrous cycle and IIS was strong: if the estrous cycles became irregular transiently, IIS frequency also became irregular, and when the estrous cycle resumed its 4-day pattern, IIS frequency did also. Furthermore, when @entity35 were ovariectomized, or males were recorded, IIS frequency did not show a 4-day pattern. Systemic administration of an @entity172 receptor antagonist stopped the estrous cycle transiently, accompanied by transient irregularity of the IIS pattern. Eventually all animals developed severe, frequent @entity410 and at that time both the estrous cycle and the IIS became irregular. We conclude that the estrous cycle entrains IIS in the modified KA and @entity2134 @entity159 models of @entity302 . The data suggest that the ovarian cycle influences more aspects of @entity302 than @entity410 susceptibility.

title: Interictal spike frequency varies with ovarian cycle stage in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'catamenial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Purpose: To compare the capability of the @entity92 ( @entity92 ) and lamina cribrosa (LC) curvature in discriminating between eyes with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) and healthy eyes. Methods: Seventy-seven eyes of 77 @entity1 with @entity725 and 77 eyes of 77 healthy subjects who were matched for age, sex, and axial length were included. The @entity92 and lamina cribrosa curvature index (LCCI) were measured in B-scan images obtained using swept-source optical coherence tomography at seven locations spaced equidistantly across the vertical optic disc diameter. The mean values of the measurements made at seven points of the LC were defined as the average @entity92 and LCCI. Results: The average @entity92 (527.0    116.4 vs. 413.3    80.4  m, P < 0.001) and average LCCI (10.97    2.59 vs. 6.81    1.43, P < 0.001) were significantly larger in @entity725 eyes than in the matched healthy subjects (all seven locations, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was significantly larger for the LCCI than the @entity92 (0.921 vs. 0.784, P < 0.001). The intraocular pressure was positively associated with average @entity92 and LCCI in healthy subjects (P = 0.021 and P < 0.001, respectively) and @entity725 @entity1 (P = 0.011 and P < 0.001, respectively). Male sex was associated with larger average LCCI (P = 0.013) and @entity92 (P = 0.008) in @entity725 . Conclusions: The LCCI had significantly better discriminating capability between @entity725 and healthy eyes than @entity92 . This finding suggests that the LCCI may serve better than the @entity92 for improved @entity726 management.

title: Diagnostic Power of Lamina Cribrosa Depth and Curvature in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['lamina cribrosa depth', 'LCD']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective comparative trial was to evaluate whether @entity1 treated with complete dentures with @entity432 ( @entity432 ) exhibited more positive results than @entity1 treated with complete dentures with @entity432 ( @entity432 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight completely edentulous @entity1 , ranging in age from 60 to 82 years (mean age 70.9), consented in writing to be @entity1 in this trial. The first 14 @entity1 enrolled in the study protocol were treated with complete dentures with @entity432 , and the next 14 @entity1 were treated with complete dentures with @entity432 . Baseline characteristics were measured prior to the trial. Main outcome variables involved subjective outcomes of general satisfaction, ability to masticate, and stability and retention of the prostheses; these were quantified with a 100-mm visual analog scale. Objective outcomes were masticatory performance and the number of adjustments. Statistical assessments of the 2 groups were compared using multiple linear regression analysis. The baseline characteristics were analyzed by Student t test and chi-square test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups at baseline. The height of the alveolar ridge exhibited significant correlations with masticatory performance (P = .02). The occlusal scheme exhibited a significant correlation with only the @entity1 's retention satisfaction rating (P = .03). CONCLUSION: Despite limitations of this study attributed to the small sample size and lack of randomization, this pilot study found that edentulous @entity1 fitted with complete dentures with @entity432 experienced and expressed greater satisfaction with their denture retention. In addition, it was observed that a higher alveolar ridge resulted in greater masticatory performance.

title: Prospective clinical trial comparing @entity432 to XXXX in complete dentures: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LO', 'bilaterally balanced occlusion', 'lingualized occlusion', 'BBO']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['bilateral balanced occlusion']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed symptoms and health related quality of life in @entity1 who received prostatitis-prostatodynia diagnoses at primary care and urology visits, and compared those in whom @entity158 -discomfort had versus had not resolved approximately 1 month later. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Telephone interviews were done with 357 @entity1 an average of 1 month after a prostatitis-prostatodynia diagnosis was made at a health maintenance organization visit. The interview included the National Institutes of Health @entity1069 Symptom Index, and @entity158 and health related quality of life measures. RESULTS: The most common @entity158 location was the pubic-bladder area. Mean scores on most health related quality of life measures were below average, and higher @entity2371 and urinary symptom scores were associated with worse quality of life. This episode of @entity2371 was the first lifetime episode in fewer urology (22%) than primary care (38%) @entity1 (p = 0.02). Urology @entity1 had longer symptom episodes (p = 0.000), more days with @entity158 in the last month (p = 0.002) and higher National Institutes of Health @entity1069 Symptom Index @entity158 scores (p = 0.002). @entity1 with @entity158 in the testicles, penis or between the rectum and testicles at the visit, and with longer symptom duration before the visit were significantly more likely to have continued @entity158 between the visit and interview. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2371 is often a persistent, recurrent condition that can have a significant negative impact on quality of life. The average symptom severity in @entity1 with @entity2371 in primary care and urology settings is lower than that in tertiary care samples.

title: Primary care and urology @entity1 with the male XXXX syndrome: symptoms and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain', 'Pelvic pain']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain']


abstract: This Danish cross-sectional study (n   =   20,905) showed that @entity1 aged 65-81  years generally underestimated @entity174 risk compared to absolute risk estimated by the FRAX   algorithm. Significant association was found between risk factors (e.g., previous @entity174 , @entity173 , and self-rated heath) and self-perceived @entity174 risk. Although @entity1 recognized the importance of some @entity174 risk factors, a number of significant risk factors appeared to be less well known. INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to investigate @entity1 's self-perceived @entity174 risk and potential factors associated with this and to compare self-perceived risk with absolute @entity174 risk estimated by FRAX   in @entity1 aged 65-80  years. METHODS: Data from 20,905 questionnaires from the @entity170 study were analyzed. The questionnaire included 25 items on @entity170 , risk factors for @entity174 , and self-perceived risk of @entity174 and enabled calculation of absolute @entity174 risk by FRAX  . Data were analyzed using bivariate tests and regression models. RESULTS: @entity1 generally underestimated their @entity174 risk compared to absolute risk estimated by FRAX  . @entity1 with risk factors for facture estimated their @entity174 risk significantly higher than their peers. No correlation between self-perceived risk and absolute risk was found. The ordered logistic regression model showed a significant association between high self-perceived @entity174 risk and previous @entity174 , @entity173 , falls, self-rated heath, conditions related to secondary @entity170 , and inability to do housework. CONCLUSIONS: These @entity1 aged 65-81  years underestimated their risk of @entity174 . However, they did seem to have an understanding of the importance of some risk factors such as previous @entity174 , @entity173 and falls. Risk communication is a key element in @entity174 prevention and should have greater focus on less well-known risk factors. Furthermore, it is important to acknowledge that risk perception is not based solely on potential risk factors but is also affected by experiences from everyday life to personal history.

title: Self-perceived facture risk: factors underlying XXXX 's perception of risk for osteoporotic fractures: the @entity170 ( @entity170 ).

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['parental hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['ROSE', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fragility fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Stress or @entity1457 proteins are constitutively expressed in normal CNS tissues in a variety of cell types (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons). Their presence may protect cells from various stresses, such as @entity519 , @entity519 , and excessive excitatory stimulation. Increased amounts of @entity1879 are expressed in various cells of the CNS during acute toxic-metabolic states and in chronic @entity179 . Increased expression of @entity1879 may lead to immune responses to these proteins. Antibodies to mycobacterial @entity1879 bind to normal @entity1 myelin and to oligodendrocytes in regions of @entity17 . Cellular immune responses to @entity1879 occur with increased frequency and magnitude in @entity1 with @entity15 , especially those with recent onset of disease. In addition, there are populations of T cells expressing gamma/delta T cells in the brains and spinal fluids of @entity1 with @entity15 , suggesting an in situ immune response to hsps. Humoral immune responses to @entity1879 are found in CSF, but no disease specificity has been documented. Some myelin proteins have sequence homology with particular hsps. One instance is the homology between a peptide of mycobacterial Hsp65 and the myelin protein @entity11363 . Our data on EAE suggest that immune responses to either cross-reactive @entity1879 epitopes or whole @entity1879 can modify the course of both acute and chronic relapsing EAE. In addition, the severity and frequency of environmental exposure to infectious agents can modify the course of EAE, possibly by altering the patterns of immune response to @entity1879 . Finally, tolerance to the small @entity1879 , alpha B-crystallin, a putative autoantigen in @entity1 with @entity15 , alters the course of relapsing EAE, supporting its role in chronic, @entity792 . Modifying immune responses to @entity1879 may be a potential new treatment option for @entity1 with @entity15 .

title: Immunity to @entity1457 proteins and neurological disorders of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['MS demyelination']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative and inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune CNS disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Blooms of cyanobacteria in water bodies cause serious environmental problems and the occurrence of toxic strains are also related with the @entity1 health. Aquatic animals could bioaccumulate @entity22022 (cyanobacteria hepatotoxins) and so, beyond water, the ingestion of contaminated food represents a @entity1 health risk. Recently, WHO recommended a maximum concentration of @entity22022 (MCYSTs) in drinking water and established the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for consumption of cyanobacteria products contends MCYSTs (0.04 microg(-1) kg(-1) day(-1)). Sepetiba Bay is located in the municipal districts of Rio de Janeiro, Mangaratiba and Itaguai; being an important place of fishing activity. Due to the industrial development in the area, this bay is submitted to different environmental impacts, increasing the organic and industrial pollution. A strain of the nanoplanktonic cyanobacteria Synechocystis aquatilis f. aquatilis that produce MCYSTs was already isolated. In this study, we verified MCYSTs presence in muscle tissue of fish and crustaceans, which were harvested monthly in Sepetiba Bay during 11 months, in order to evaluate the potential risk of their ingestion. MCYSTs were analyzed by immunoassay techniques using the ELISA Microcystin Plate Kit (ENVIROLOGIX INC) and the concentration were expressed as @entity16588 equivalent. The analyses of seston samples, water, muscle tissues showed the presence of this cyanotoxin in all samples and it was verified that 19% of the animals' samples were above the limit recommended by WHO for @entity1 consumption. The maximum value found was of 103.3 microg kg(-1) (TDI 0.52 microg kg(-1) day(-1)) and the minimum, was 0.25 microg kg(-1) in crabs muscle tissue (TDI of 0.001 microg kg(-1) day(-1)). Such data demonstrate that, although in low concentrations, there is already a contamination of fish and crustaceans from Sepetiba Bay. We highlight that the recommended limit refers to healthy adult.

title: XXXX (cyanobacteria hepatotoxins) bioaccumulation in fish and crustaceans from Sepetiba Bay (Brasil, RJ).

entities_list: @entity16588 :: ('MESH:C057862', 'Chemical') :: ['microcystin-LR']

entities_list: @entity22022 :: ('MESH:D052998', 'Chemical') :: ['microcystins']

answer: @entity22022 :: (MESH:D052998,Chemical) :: ['Microcystins']


abstract: Changes in the @entity141 homeostasis have been implicated in cell injury and @entity204 . However, @entity141 participation in @entity1068 -induced chronic @entity1819 has not been elucidated. We have developed a model of @entity1068 -induced chronic @entity1819 in @entity35 , characterized by marked alterations in plasma membranes from gastric mucosa and a compensatory cell proliferation, which follows @entity1068 withdrawal. Therefore, the present study explored the possible role of intracellular @entity141 in the oxidative metabolism and in acid secretion in this experimental model. @entity413 oxidation was greatly enhanced in the injured mucosa, as evaluated by @entity515 production by isolated mucosal preparations incubated with @entity3209 -radiolabeled @entity413 in different carbons. @entity26 consumption and acid secretion ( @entity17690 accumulation) were also stimulated. A predominating secretory status was morphologically identified by electron microscopy in oxyntic cells of gastric mucosa from @entity1068 -treated @entity35 . A coupling between secretory and metabolic effects induced by @entity1068 (demonstrated by an inhibitory effect of @entity4546 in both parameters) was found. These @entity1068 -induced effects were also inhibited by addition of @entity141 chelators to isolated gastric mucosa samples. Lanthanum, a @entity141 channel blocker, inhibited @entity1068 -promoted increase of oxidative metabolism. In addition, a stimulated @entity141 uptake by mucosal minces and increased in vivo @entity141 levels in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions, were also noticed. Enhanced @entity413 and @entity26 consumptions were associated with higher @entity855 and @entity1110 + availability, whereas cytosolic @entity2125 / @entity2125 ratio (assessed by mucosal levels of @entity880 and @entity2388 ) was not significantly modified by the chronic @entity1068 administration. In conclusion, changes in @entity141 homeostasis, probably mainly due to increased extracellular @entity141 uptake, could mediate secretory and metabolic alterations found in the gastric mucosa from @entity35 chronically treated with @entity1068 .

title: Enhanced intracellular calcium promotes metabolic and secretory disturbances in XXXX gastric mucosa during @entity1068 -induced gastritis.

entities_list: @entity17690 :: ('MESH:D000632', 'Chemical') :: ['aminopyrine']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal injury', 'gastric injury']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Distinction of @entity3271 from other @entity11 is clinically important, but the histologic diagnosis of @entity3271 has been a difficult and notoriously subjective task. Testing for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomal @entity4050 and 19q, the genetic signature of @entity3271 , has emerged as a useful, objective adjunct to the traditional histologic evaluation. However, LOH testing of @entity11 specimens has not yet been widely implemented, presumably because of a lack of a practical LOH assay. We describe a 1p and 19q LOH assay suitable for routine diagnostics. In contrast to traditional microsatellite-based LOH analysis, we show that detection of LOH is usually possible even without normal tissue or blood from the same @entity1 . A small area of @entity5 on a single paraffin section is sufficient for the assay. The assay protocol consists of a one-step DNA extraction, multiplex PCR for microsatellites on 1p and 19q, and capillary electrophoresis of the PCR products. LOH is detected by analysis of the allelic patterns and by integration of data from multiple highly polymorphic microsatellites. In a validation study on 19 @entity11 , the results were concordant with results obtained by established methods and correlated well with histologic diagnoses. Because only a paraffin section is required, the pathologist can perform both the traditional histopathologic evaluation and this supporting molecular assay from the material at hand.

title: Molecular diagnosis of XXXX in paraffin sections.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['oligodendroglioma']


abstract: @entity273 ( @entity274 ) and @entity3542 ( @entity6836 ) in exhaled breath condensate have recently been suggested as non-invasive markers of @entity32 . The goal of this study was to clarify the role of factors that may potentially influence the measurement of @entity274 and @entity3542 and to look for possible correlations among these inflammatory markers. @entity274 and @entity3542 values were assessed fluorometrically in breath condensate of 102 healthy @entity1 (age 4-18 years) and a detailed status of atopy (including history, lung function and skin prick test) was taken in all @entity1 . To find out the role of atmospheric @entity842 , eNO and envNO were measured via chemiluminescence in association with the sampling of the breath condensate. Median (interquartile range) @entity274 was 0.51 (0.26 - 0.74) microM and @entity3542 was 3.3 (2.7 4.1) microM. A significant negative correlation between @entity274 and envNO was observed (r = -0.50; p < 0.0001). ENO was independent of envNO at our envNO range up to 56 ppb. No further correlation was found. The inflammatory markers in exhaled breath condensate @entity274 , @entity3542 and eNO are not interrelated to each other in healthy @entity1 . Whereas eNO was not dependent on envNO values, high envNO values must be taken into account when measuring @entity274 in exhaled breath condensate.

title: Exhaled XXXX , @entity3542 and @entity842 in healthy @entity1 : decrease of @entity273 by atmospheric @entity842 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: This study retrospectively investigated the good parameters on @entity28400 (201Tl) SPECT for early assessment of the therapeutic effects in @entity1 with @entity1149 . Based on @entity5 response as determined by chest CT scan about 9 weeks after the end of irradiation with adjuvant chemotherapy, the subjects were divided to the responder group ( @entity5 regression > 50%, n = 13) and non-responder group ( @entity5 regression < 50%, n = 13). 201Tl SPECT was performed before and at the halfway through the course of therapy (average @entity5 dose, 27.4 Gy +/- 4.5) in all the @entity1 . SPECT was conducted twice 15 min (early scan) and 120 min (delayed scan) after intravenous injection of 148 MBq (4 mCi) of 201Tl. Tumor-to-contralateral normal lung tissue count ratios on both scans were calculated as early and delayed uptake ratios (EUR and DUR), and a @entity6112 ( @entity6112 ) was also derived from these ratios. In the responder group, a significant decrease in DUR and @entity6112 halfway through the therapy was observed compared to pretreatment (2.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.5 +/- 1.0; p < 0.01, and -2.3% +/- 25.5 vs. 37.4% +/- 17.8; p < 0.001, respectively), even though EUR did not change significantly (N.S.). By contrast, in the non-responder group, there were no significant changes in any of these parameters (N.S.). When comparing DUR and @entity6112 for the two groups halfway through the therapy, DUR and @entity6112 were significantly lower in the responder group (both; p < 0.01), but no significant difference was noted in EUR (N.S.), and the percent reduction in @entity5 size did not correlate with the percent decrease in DUR or @entity6112 (N.S.). These results indicate that the extent of decrease in DUR and @entity6112 after therapy can be a useful parameter for early assessment of the therapeutic effects in @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: 201Tl SPECT as an indicator for early prediction of therapeutic effects in XXXX with @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['retention index', 'RI']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity28400 :: ('CHEBI:32213', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium-201 chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple different organs, including the @entity149 (CNS). Conventional radiological examinations in @entity1252 @entity1 include volumetric/ anatomical computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US). The utility of these modalities is limited, however, due to the @entity66 . Furthermore, CT and MRI contrast agents are contraindicated in @entity1 with @entity8 . Various radiologic methods are currently being developed to improve disease characterization in @entity1 with @entity1252 beyond simple anatomical endpoints. Physiological non-contrast MRI protocols have been developed to assess tissue oxygenation, glomerular filtration, renal perfusion, interstitial diffusion, and @entity32 -driven @entity82 in @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) @entity1 . For neurological symptoms, vessel size imaging (VSI, an MRI approach utilizing T2-relaxing @entity1933 nanoparticles) has shown promise as a diagnostic tool. Molecular imaging probes (mostly for MRI and nuclear medicine imaging) have also been developed for diagnosing @entity1252 with high sensitivity, and for monitoring disease activity. This paper reviews the challenges in evaluating disease activity in @entity1 with @entity1988 and @entity12319 ( @entity12319 ). We describe novel MRI and positron-emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging protocols using targeted @entity1933 nanoparticles and radioactive ligands, respectively, for detection of @entity1252 -associated @entity32 .

title: Non-invasive imaging to monitor @entity1988 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complexity of the disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['kidneys and central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus', 'NPSLE']

answer: @entity12319 :: (MESH:D020945,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Homeobox genes play important roles in animal development. We isolated a @entity1573 homeobox gene, cbx, and studied its function during embryonic development. The deduced Cbx protein contained 376 @entity535 residues. Its homeodomain was related (with 65-71% sequence identity) to that of @entity1 @entity13464 , @entity1 @entity25820 , and @entity1573 @entity64978 . On searching the @entity1 genome sequence, a @entity1 homologue was found, which had 78% overall sequence identity and a 100% identical homeodomain. In the developing @entity1573 retina, cbx was expressed in a small fraction of post-mitotic cells residing at anatomical locations typical of @entity162 cells. These cells were Goalpha(+) and protein kinase C(-), suggesting that they were probably cone @entity162 cells. cbx mRNA was also detected outside the retina, particularly in the tectum and Rathke's pouch. Replication-competent retrovirus was used to drive misexpression of cbx and of an Engrailed repression construct. Engrailed-mediated repression of Cbx was embryonic lethal, while misexpression of cbx itself was tolerated. In the retina, misexpression of cbx resulted in fewer @entity6164 (+) @entity162 cells. Our data suggest that cbx is essential for embryonic survival and may participate in the development of @entity162 , probably cone @entity162 , cells in the retina.

title: XXXX homeobox gene cbx and its role in retinal development.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['Chick']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of @entity697 ( @entity5377 ), i.e. inflammation of the tympanic membrane with blister(s) in @entity1 <2 years and study the relationship between @entity5377 and recurrent @entity697 . METHODS: 2028 @entity1 aged 7-24 months in a prospective longitudinal cohort study in the Finnish @entity2172 vaccine trial. The main outcome measures were the incidence of @entity5377 and the incidence of @entity697 ( @entity697 ) before and after the event of @entity5377 . RESULTS: 82 @entity1 had a total of 86 events of @entity697 . The incidence of @entity5377 was 5.7 per 100 @entity1 years (95% CI, 4.6-7.1 per 100 @entity1 years). The number of events with @entity5377 was 4.6% of the number of all @entity697 events diagnosed during the follow-up. Recurrent @entity697 (> or =6 @entity697 events) occurred in 33% of @entity1 with @entity5377 in comparison with 23% of control @entity1 with at least one event of @entity697 (RR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.01-2.7). The incidence of @entity697 in @entity1 with @entity5377 was 1.8 per @entity1 year (95% CI, 1.4-2.2 per @entity1 year) before the event of @entity5377 and 2.9 per @entity1 year (95% CI, 2.3-3.5 per @entity1 year) after the event of @entity5377 . The higher incidence rate of @entity697 lasted for 2 months after the office visit of @entity5377 . CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity5377 is not a @entity395 ; it was diagnosed in 5.7% of @entity1 <2 years in a 1-year follow-up. It was present in almost 1 of every 20 @entity697 events. Acute @entity5377 increases the subsequent risk of recurrent @entity697 .

title: The epidemiology of XXXX and its relationship to recurrent @entity697 in @entity1 less than 2 years of age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'person']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'acute bullous myringitis', 'AOM']

entities_list: @entity5377 :: ('MESH:D053560', 'Disease') :: ['bullous myringitis', 'BM']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['Otitis Media']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute bullous myringitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined plasma levels of certain matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) species before and after @entity167 -induced @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases contribute to tissue remodeling, and endogenous control of MMP activity is achieved by the concordant release and binding of TIMPs. Animal models of @entity583 have demonstrated a role for MMP activation in @entity296 . However, the temporal relationship of @entity12662 and @entity2843 release following a controlled @entity296 in @entity1 remains unknown. METHODS: Plasma levels for the gelatinases @entity1476 and @entity1495 , and for the collagenases @entity5952 and @entity1550 , as well as @entity2843 profiles were examined (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) at baseline and serially up to 60 h following @entity167 injection into the septal perforator artery in order to induce an @entity583 in 51 @entity1 with @entity1121 (age 55 +/- 2 years). RESULTS: Plasma @entity908 kinase (MB isoform), indicating @entity296 , increased 2,150% 18 h @entity583 (p < 0.05). Plasma @entity1495 increased by over 400% and @entity5952 by over 100% from baseline values by 12 h @entity583 (p < 0.05 vs. baseline). A similar temporal profile was not observed for @entity1476 and @entity1550 . In addition, a concomitant increase in plasma @entity2843 levels did not occur @entity583 . As a result, MMP/ @entity2843 stoichiometry ( @entity1495 / @entity2843 ratio) @entity583 , suggestive of reduced @entity2843 mediated @entity1495 inhibition, which would potentially enhance extracellular @entity296 . CONCLUSIONS: These unique results demonstrated that induction of a controlled @entity296 in @entity1 , specifically through @entity167 -induced @entity583 , caused species- and time-dependent perturbations of MMP/ @entity2843 stoichiometry that would facilitate @entity296 in the early @entity583 setting.

title: Release of matrix metalloproteinases following XXXX septal ablation in @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury', 'myocardial remodeling']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP', 'TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['post-MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'increased significantly post-MI']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HOCM', 'hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Previously, we reported that morning bright light therapy improved sleep time and cognitive function in @entity195 . We conducted a double blind study to examine the effects of @entity2493 on the sleep-wake rhythm, cognitive and non-cognitive functions in @entity195 . The subjects were 9 @entity1 given a placebo ( @entity1989 ), and 11 given @entity2493 ( 3 mg)( @entity22757 ). The mean age was 79.2+/-6.4 (17 females and 3 males). The drugs were given at 20: 30 each day for 4 weeks. We checked sleep time and activity by Actigraph through one week before and the 4th week after drug administration. Cognitive and non-cognitive functions were evaluated with the clinical @entity303 rating scale (CDR), and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the @entity195 Assessment Scale ( @entity11509 ). We successfully recorded Actigraph data from 18 @entity1 (PLA8, MLT10). The mean sleep time change ratio and SD of the administration of @entity1989 in the night was-0.2+/-13.7%, and @entity22757 was 33.2+/-37.6%. The mean activity counts and SD of the administration of @entity1989 in the night was 29.8+/-77.0%; in @entity22757 it was-44.9+/-21.9%. @entity2493 significantly prolonged the sleep time (p=0.017) and decreased activity (p=0.014) in the night (21: 00-6: 00) in the @entity22757 group, although no significant difference in sleep time or activity in the daytime (6: 00-21: 00) was recognized between the two groups. In comparison with @entity11509 cognition score changes, the mean change and SD in the @entity1989 was 0.3+/-3.7; in @entity22757 it was-4.3+/-3.6 points. In comparison with @entity11509 non-cognition score, the mean change and SD in the @entity1989 group was-0.8+/-1.0, in the @entity22757 group it was-4.1+/-2.2 points. There were also significant differences between the @entity1989 and the @entity22757 groups in the comparison with the score improvement of @entity11509 cognition (p=0.017) and non-cognition (p=0.002), otherwise there was no significant difference in improvement of MMSE between both groups. @entity2493 administration had effect to improve sleep time and night activity, but no significant effect to improve daytime naps and activity. Although @entity2493 administration might has less strong effect on circadian rhythm than morning bright light therapy we previously reported, cognitive and non-cognitive functions were improved. @entity2493 seemed to be useful for care of the @entity195 @entity1 .

title: Double blind study of @entity2493 effects on the sleep-wake rhythm, cognitive and non-cognitive functions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['Melatonin', 'melatonin']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type of dementia', "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer type dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3747 is the most common complication after total thyroidectomy. Some @entity1 need to stay in the hospital for monitoring of @entity14645 symptoms and serum @entity460 levels for several days. We investigated the efficacy and safety of using early postoperative parathyroid hormone ( @entity461 ) results for early discharge after thyroidectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 2 sequential groups of @entity1 undergoing total thyroidectomy between January 2010 and March 2013 was undertaken. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups. In Group 1 (before June 2011), @entity1 had daily monitoring of serum @entity460 level and @entity14645 symptoms. They were discharged when @entity460 level was static and asymptomatic. Postoperative @entity461 was not utilized for discharge plan. In Group 2 (after June 2011), postoperative @entity461 and @entity460 level on day 1 were utilized to dictate subsequent management and discharge plan. RESULTS: Of the 107 @entity1 reviewed, 54 (50.5%) were in Group 1 and 53 (49.5%) were in Group 2. A total of 51 (47.7%) @entity1 developed @entity3747 . The two groups were comparable in demographic data, early postoperative @entity461 value, rate of @entity3747 , the need for oral @entity460 and @entity560 supplements and rate of permanent @entity261 . Fewer @entity1 in Group 2 experienced @entity14645 symptoms, p=0.005. None of the @entity1 in Group 2 needed intravenous @entity460 supplement (p=0.003). The median postoperative hospital stay for Group 1 was 4days and for Group 2 was 1day (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative @entity461 level after total thyroidectomy facilitates early supplementation therapy and abates symptomatic @entity3747 . It also allows early and safe @entity1 discharge.

title: Postoperative XXXX monitoring of @entity3747 expedites discharge after thyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['Hypocalcemia', 'hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['PTH']


abstract: Does an expanded subarachnoid space predispose to @entity548 ? What does heterogeneity in the appearance of a subdural collection on CT or MRI imaging indicate? Spontaneous rebleeding? Minor re-injury? Major re-injury? In some specific cases, answers to these questions have important forensic implications. To conclude objectively that an @entity1 's @entity932 or rebleeding resulted from @entity130 requires an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of posttraumatic subdural and subarachnoid collections. The authors present two cases of indoor, accidental, pediatric, closed- @entity542 that resulted in intracranial rebleeding. Both @entity129 occurred in medical settings and were independently witnessed by medical personnel. In addition, the authors summarize the relevant medical literature regarding pediatric @entity510 and rebleeding.

title: @entity932 and rebleeding in suspected victims of abusive XXXX : addressing the forensic controversies.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['accidental cranial impacts']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subdural bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inflicted injury or re-injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']


abstract: The importance of sex- and gender-related features of various diseases regarding the impact of different risk factors on the natural course of disease, the response to therapy and outcome have only more recently been appreciated. Studies investigating sex- and gender-related aspects in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) are scarce. Unambiguous classification of factors of potential pathogenetic relevance or with the capacity to influence clinical course and disease management into sex- or gender- related aspects is difficult (Figure 1). The majority of @entity309 @entity1 is female. As illustrated by Figure 2, available evidence indicates a progressive decline in the incidence of this disease over the past 40 years in both @entity1 and @entity1 . There appears to be a cyclical pattern in the annual incidence rates with peaks and troughs occurring for both sexes, but at different times, which suggests the changing exposure to environmental factors which may promote or decrease @entity309 . Current knowledge suggests that @entity309 is characterized by chronic local and systemic @entity32 which may trigger accelerated atherogenesis. Sex hormones may also play a pathogenetic role. Androgens and @entity172 may stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines in the synovial fluid. These cytokines then may influence sex hormone metabolism thus modifying sex hormone levels (Figure 3). Compared to the general population (Figures 4 and 5), the risk of @entity65 and mortality is significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity627 and in particular in @entity309 . This is evidenced by a higher incidence of @entity712 (Figure 6), @entity453 and (frequently silent) @entity583 , as well as @entity1164 . Several studies have demonstrated a significantly increased standardized mortality ratio in @entity309 and identified cardiovascular events as the most frequent cause. Compared with expected mortality rates in the normal population, @entity1 with @entity309 have a significantly more compromised life expectancy than @entity1 (Table 1). Amongst factors with uneven distribution between sexes are traditional cardiovascular risk factors (Table 2), but also more recently recognized potential risk indicators or risk modifiers such as inflammatory markers and sex hormones. Drugs directed against @entity309 may influence the natural course of @entity65 , as, e. g., indicated by the increased rates of @entity299 and @entity64 associated with cyclooxygenase-( @entity2247 inhibitor treatment. In contrast, the effect of pharmacotherapy for @entity65 on the course of @entity309 is unexplored. Prospective cohort studies aiming at early detection of @entity65 and precise and detailed characterization of disease manifestations will be required in order to more thoroughly understand the interplay of factors and conditions determining an individuals' risk for developing @entity65 in @entity792 . This article summarizes the available evidence for sex- and gender-related differences in the disease manifestation of @entity627 as well as in cardiovascular risk factors with an emphasis on the @entity65 observed in @entity309 .

title: [Cardiovascular comorbidity in XXXX . Does sex play a role?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases', 'rheumatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular comorbidity', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic disease']


abstract: Spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) is common in the areas of slow blood flow. This study was conducted to examine the correlation of SEC and left @entity177 , @entity955 ( @entity955 ) and @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity4794 . The transthoracic and multiplane transesophageal echocardiograms were performed on 117 @entity1 (mean age 42.22 +/- 10.79 years). Left atrial size, left @entity955 area, mitral valve area, left @entity955 flow peak emphatic velocity and full velocity were measured. The presence of SEC and @entity715 in the left atrium and appendage was noted. The results showed that among the @entity1 , 57 had normal sinus rhythm, 60 had @entity955 ; 19 had @entity715 , 98 had no @entity715 ; 71 had SEC and 46 had no SEC. Compared with the @entity1 without SEC, the @entity1 with SEC showed greater incidence of @entity715 (28.76% vs 0, P < 0.05), higher rate of @entity955 (69.01% vs 23.91%, P < 0.05), larger LAD (46.93 +/- 0.85 mm vs. 41.76 +/- 1.05 mm, P < 0.05), larger LAA area (8.06 +/- 0.32 cm2 vs 6.92 +/- 0.31 cm2, P < 0.05), smaller MVA area (1.07 +/- 0.23 cm2 vs 1.32 +/- 0.35 cm2, P < 0.05), lower LAA flow peak emphatic velocity (0.17 +/- 0.01 m/s vs 0.32 +/- 0.02 m/s, P < 0.05), and lower LAA full velocity (0.18 +/- 0.01 m/s vs 0.31 +/- 0.03 m/s, P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the presence of SEC is associated with significantly greater incidence of @entity715 , higher rate of @entity955 , larger LAD and LAA area, smaller MVA area, lower LAA flow peak emphatic velocity and full velocity. @entity955 , the diameter of left atrium and the area of mitral valve are independent predictors of SEC. SEC is significantly associated with LAA function and @entity715 formation.

title: [Study of spontaneous echo contrast in @entity1 with XXXX by transesophageal echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['atrial appendage function']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation', 'Af', 'atrial appendage']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['rheumatic mitral stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and internally validate a triage score that can identify @entity130 @entity1 at the scene who would potentially benefit from @entity341 ( @entity341 ). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although survival benefits have been shown at the population level, identification of @entity1 most likely to benefit from @entity341 transport is imperative to justify the risks and cost of this intervention. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of subjects undergoing scene @entity341 or ground emergency medical services (GEMS) in the National @entity130 Databank (2007-2012). Data were split into training and validation sets. Subjects were grouped by triage criteria in the training set and regression used to determine which criteria had a survival benefit associated with @entity341 . Points were assigned to these criteria to develop the Air Medical Prehospital Triage (AMPT) score. The score was applied in the validation set to determine whether subjects triaged to @entity341 had a survival benefit when actually transported by helicopter. RESULTS: There were 2,086,137 subjects included. Criteria identified for inclusion in the AMPT score included GCS <14, respiratory rate <10 or >29, flail chest, hemo/pneumothorax, @entity912 , and multisystem @entity130 . The optimal cutoff for triage to @entity341 was >= 2 points. In subjects triaged to @entity341 , actual transport by @entity341 was associated with an increased odds of survival (AOR 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-1.36, P<0.01). In subjects triaged to GEMS, actual transport mode was not associated with survival (AOR 1.04; 95% CI 0.97-1.11, P=0.20). CONCLUSIONS: The AMPT score identifies @entity1 with improved survival following @entity341 transport and should be considered in air medical triage protocols.

title: Development and Validation of the Air Medical Prehospital Triage Score for Helicopter Transport of @entity130 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['helicopter emergency medical services', 'HEMS']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinically lymph node-positive (cN+) @entity263 ( @entity263 ) is an often-fatal disease. Its optimal management remains largely undefined given a lack of prospective, randomized data to inform practice. We sought to describe modern practice patterns in the management of cN+ @entity263 and assess the effect of adding radiation therapy (RT) to @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) on survival using the National Cancer Data Base. METHODS: @entity1 with cN+ @entity263 and without distant metastases diagnosed between 2004 and 2011 were included. Five-year overall survival for @entity1 diagnosed between 2004 and 2006 and treated with ADT alone or ADT+RT were compared. Propensity score (PS) matching was used to balance baseline characteristics, and @entity797 multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Of 3540 total @entity1 , 32.2% were treated with ADT alone and 51.4% received ADT+RT. Compared with ADT alone, @entity1 treated with ADT+RT were younger and more likely to have private insurance, lower comorbidity scores, higher Gleason scores, and lower PSA values. After PS matching, 318 @entity1 remained in each group. Compared with ADT alone, ADT+RT was associated with a 50% decreased risk of five-year all-cause mortality (HR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.37 to 0.67, two-sided P < .001; crude OS rate: 71.5% vs 53.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Using a large national database, we have identified a statistically significant survival benefit for @entity1 with cN+ @entity263 treated with ADT+RT. These data, if appropriately validated by randomized trials, suggest that a substantial proportion of such @entity1 at high risk for @entity263 death may be undertreated, warranting a reevaluation of current practice guidelines.

title: XXXX deprivation with or without radiation therapy for clinically node-positive @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['Androgen']


abstract: Scale scores on the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ)-novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), and @entity734 ( @entity734 )-can predict response to antidepressants. This study examined 89 @entity1 with @entity162 (I, II) or Major @entity308 , both with recurrent winter seasonal pattern. The @entity50635 was administered while the @entity1 were @entity308 , following 10-14 days of bright light therapy (30 min, 10,000 lux) and after spontaneous springtime remission. The Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-Seasonal Affective Disorder Version (SIGH- @entity4696 ) assessed the severity of @entity308 . At baseline, there were no significant differences between diagnostic subgroups or responders and non-responders on the TPQ or SIGH- @entity4696 scales, though baseline @entity734 scores were significantly higher in @entity1 than @entity1 . Furthermore, neither severity of @entity308 nor magnitude of post-treatment clinical improvement was significantly correlated with baseline TPQ scores. Only HA scores decreased after treatment, with responders showing the greatest effect. HA scores also decreased from the baseline to springtime assessments for the group as a whole, with no difference between responders and non-responders. This is the first study to demonstrate that HA is state- rather than trait-dependent in @entity7383 . The TPQ dimensions of temperament do not predict response to light therapy.

title: Dimensions of temperament and bright light response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Bipolar Disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive Disorder', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity7383 :: ('MESH:D016574', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['reward dependence', 'RD']

answer: @entity7383 :: (MESH:D016574,Disease) :: ['seasonal affective disorder']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of replacing current dual local therapy ( @entity6839 and @entity2134 ) with latanoprost 0.005% in 71 @entity9998 @entity1 with controlled intraocular pressure (IOP). 39 @entity1 switched to latanoprost 0.005%) and 32 @entity1 continued @entity6839 - @entity2134 therapy. Mean diurnal (IOP) was measured at baseline, after 0.5, 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. After 6 months 38 @entity1 with latanoprost and 30 @entity1 with @entity6839 - @entity2134 had completed the study. At baseline the mean diurnal IOP was 20.4 +/- 2.0 mmHg for @entity1 in latanoprost treatment group and 21.4 +/- 2.1 mmHg for @entity1 in @entity6839 - @entity2134 group. At the end of the study, after 6 months of treatment, the mean diurnal IOP values were 16.6 +/- 2.4 and 17.9 +/- 2.0 mmHg respectively. IOP was statistically significantly reduced from baseline (p < 0.001). The mean diurnal IOP change from baseline was -3.3 +/- 0.5 mmHg (mean +/- SEM, ANCOVA) for the @entity1 treated with latanoprost and -3.2 +/- 0.4 mmHg for the @entity1 treated with @entity6839 + @entity2134 . This difference in IOP reduction between groups was not statistically significant (z = 0.69; p = 0.49). This study showed that combination therapy ( @entity6839 plus @entity2134 ) in @entity9998 can effectively be replaced by latanoprost monotherapy.

title: A study of replacement of @entity6839 - XXXX with latanoprost in @entity9998 .

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoexfoliation glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

answer: @entity2134 :: (MESH:D010862,Chemical) :: ['pilocarpine']


abstract: @entity1232 ( @entity1233 ) was mutagenic in the Salmonella plate incorporation assay (Ames test) at a level of 10 mumol/plate (3.7 mM) in the presence of hamster liver @entity62902 . Mutagenicity of @entity1233 at this level was not observed when the @entity62902 was derived from @entity19 or @entity35 liver, although the @entity19 liver and hamster liver @entity62902 had similar @entity1233 demethylase activities. Both @entity19 and @entity35 liver @entity62902 inhibited the mutagenicity of @entity1233 mediated by hamster liver @entity62902 ; the inhibitory factor was contained in the microsomal fraction. @entity19 or @entity35 liver microsomes did not inhibit the @entity1233 demethylase activity of hamster liver @entity62902 . The microsomal inhibitor from @entity35 or @entity19 liver was stable at 60 but was inactivated at 70 degrees. @entity1233 demethylase from both @entity35 and @entity19 liver was inactivated at 60 degrees. Although the @entity1233 demethylase activity of hamster liver @entity62902 was contained in the microsomal fraction, @entity1233 mutagenesis under conditions of the assay required the presence of both microsomal and cytosolic (S-105) fractions; the cytosols from hamsters, @entity19 , and @entity35 were all effective. The cytosolic factor required for @entity1233 mutagenesis was sensitive to trypsin and was not dialyzable. The presence of an inhibitor of @entity1233 activation in @entity35 and @entity19 microsomes may account for, or contribute to, the failure of liver @entity62902 preparations from these species to activate @entity1233 to a mutagen under standard conditions of the Ames test. The requirement for the cytosolic fraction may indicate that @entity1233 demethylase is not sufficient for the activation of @entity1233 to a mutagen under the conditions used in these studies.

title: Influence of microsomal and cytosolic fractions from XXXX , @entity19 , and hamster liver on the mutagenicity of @entity1232 in the Salmonella plate incorporation assay.

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['Dimethylnitrosamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, leading organizations in @entity29 ( @entity29 ) have developed quality measures for the care of adults with @entity30 or @entity31 . We used chart audits to assess the impact of quality improvement educational activities on documented adherence to Physician Quality Reporting System measures for @entity29 . METHODS: Twenty community-based gastroenterologists were recruited to participate in baseline chart audits (n = 200), a series of 4 accredited educational activities with feedback, and follow-up chart audits (n = 200). Trained abstractors reviewed randomly selected charts of adults with moderate or severe @entity30 . The charts were retrospectively abstracted for physicians' documented performance of the 2013 Physician Quality Reporting System @entity29 quality measures. We compared the physicians' baseline and posteducation rates of documented adherence with 10 of these measures. In a secondary analysis, we compared preeducation with posteducation difference scores of low-performing physicians, those whose baseline documentation rates were in the lowest quartile, and the rest of the cohort. RESULTS: At baseline, documentation of mean provider-level adherence to the 10 quality measures ranged from 3% to 98% (grand mean = 35.8%). In the overall analysis, baseline and posteducation rates of documented adherence did not differ significantly for any of the measures. However, for 4 measures, preeducation to posteducation difference scores were significantly greater among low performers than physicians in the highest 3 quartiles. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this preliminary pragmatic study indicate that quality improvement education affords the potential to improve adherence to Physician Quality Reporting System quality measures for @entity29 among low-performing gastroenterologists.

title: Impact of Quality Improvement Educational Interventions on Documented Adherence to Quality Measures for Adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carotid @entity3468 is thought to be an important marker of plaque vulnerability and increased @entity64 risk. AIM: The main aim of this study was to assess the level of agreement between @entity8983 ( @entity419 ) uptake on PET (positron emission tomography) scan in carotid plaques, with cerebrovascular symptoms, carotid plaque ultrasound echogenicity and histological assessments of @entity32 . METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with >= 70% carotid stenosis scheduled for carotid endarterectomy underwent a Colour Duplex ultrasound, @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT and blood tests less than 24   h prior to surgery. Plaques were defined as symptomatic when associated with @entity2806 within 30 days prior to inclusion. Plaques were assessed histologically following endarterectomy. The level of agreement between @entity419 uptake (mean SUVmax and SUVmax ), and target-to-background ratio, symptoms, plaque echolucency, and histological evidence of @entity32 was assessed. RESULTS: The amount of @entity419 uptake in plaques and the amount of @entity32 on histological assessment were significantly correlated (r   =   0  521, P   =   0  003). @entity419 uptake was significantly higher in symptomatic plaques with median SUVmax 1  75 (1  26-2  04) in symptomatic, and 1  43 (1  15-2  28) in asymptomatic @entity1 (P   =   0  03). @entity419 uptake was also positively correlated with echolucency on Doppler ultrasound (P   =   0  03). CONCLUSION: @entity419 uptake on PET/CT correlated with histological assessments of @entity32 and was higher in @entity1 with symptomatic compared with asymptomatic @entity2998 plaques. These results support the use of @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT in the detection @entity32 in @entity2998 , which may be of help in the detection of vulnerable plaques.

title: Carotid XXXX assessed with @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT is higher in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'plaque inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral cerebral ischemic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis', 'carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['artery plaque inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8983 :: ('CHEBI:49134', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxy-2-[(18) F] fluoro-D-glucose']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['plaque inflammation']


abstract: AIM: The setting-up and the follow-up of a vaccination programme require important @entity1 and economical investments. Our study objective consists of the clinical benefit evaluation given by measles, mumps and @entity2462 (MMR) vaccination since monovalent and combined vaccines availability (35 years for measles, 30 years for @entity2462 and 20 years for mumps). METHOD: Vaccination impact has been evaluated from the modelisation for each disease under the shape of a decision tree relying on epidemiological data and on efficacy data of the vaccines. We have compared the results in terms of complications, sequaela, deaths in the vaccinated population (vaccination period) with the results that we would obtain if this same population had not been vaccinated (non vaccination period). The general model was applied to each of the three diseases excluding @entity13526 . They have been modelised according to the occurrence, or not, of a complication leading to an evolution towards either recovery or sequaela or @entity204 . The estimation of the number of avoided @entity13526 has been made from the number of protected @entity1 by vaccination and incidence figures of @entity13526 reported in the population considered before and after vaccination. RESULTS: In France over the period of time considered, almost 2 million @entity693 , 60 000 @entity198 , 170 subacute @entity1463 and more than 5600 neurological sequaela including more than 600 @entity2319 cases have been avoided as a result of the MMR vaccination programme. Moreover, 590 000 @entity55 , more than one million of @entity697 media and 300 000 @entity11570 , 3000 @entity281 cases occurring during pregnancy have also been avoided. Overall, more than 12 000 deaths that have been avoided as a result of the MMR vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: In France, MMR vaccination programme leads to a huge benefit in terms of public health, which emphasises the true value of vaccination in the daily medical practice.

title: [35-year measles, mumps, XXXX vaccination assessment in France].

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity13526 :: ('MESH:D012410', 'Disease') :: ['congenital rubella syndromes', 'congenital rubella syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis panencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['rubella infection']

answer: @entity2462 :: (MESH:D012409,Disease) :: ['rubella']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Anti-VEGF treatment is the therapy of choice in age-related @entity1020 , and is also applied in @entity6 or @entity2994 . Recently, the fusion protein, aflibercept, has been approved for therapeutic use. In this study, we investigate the effects of aflibercept on primary RPE cells. METHODS: Primary RPE cells were prepared from freshly slaughtered @entity1707 ' eyes. The impact of aflibercept on cell viability was investigated with @entity98 and @entity3460 exclusion assay. The influence of aflibercept on wound healing was assessed with a scratch assay. Intracellular uptake of aflibercept was investigated in immunohistochemistry and its influence on phagocytosis with a phagocytosis assay using opsonised latex beads. RESULTS: Aflibercept displays no @entity137 on RPE cells but impairs its wound healing ability. It is taken up into RPE cells and can be intracellularly detected for at least 7 days. Intracellular aflibercept impairs the phagocytic capacity of RPE cells. CONCLUSIONS: Aflibercept interferes with the physiology of RPE cells, as it is taken up into RPE cells, which is accompanied by a reduction of the phagocytic ability. Additionally, it impairs the wound healing capacity of RPE cells. These effects on the physiology of RPE cells may indicate possible side effects.

title: Effects of aflibercept on primary RPE cells: XXXX , wound healing, uptake and phagocytosis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral white lesions that cannot be clinically or pathologically characterized by any specific disease are referred to as @entity12120 . @entity75 are well known for their propensity for malignant transformation to the extent of 10-20%. Exfoliative cytology is a simple and useful screening tool for detection of malignant or @entity6349 changes in such lesions. AIMS: A clinico-epidemiological and cytological study of @entity8407 was undertaken to detect their malignant potential and value of cytology in diagnosis. METHODS: This 2 year duration multicentre study was undertaken on all @entity1 presenting with oral white lesions to the out @entity1 department of the two institutions. Those cases in which a specific cause ( @entity262 or specific disease entity) for the white lesions were elicited were excluded from the study. The group with @entity62 was included in the study and was subjected to periodic exfoliative cytological study at three monthly intervals to detect any malignant change. @entity1 presenting less than two times for follow up were excluded from the final analysis of the study. RESULTS: Out of total 2920 @entity1 studied, 89.53% showed benign, 9.93% showed @entity6349 and, 0.72% showed malignant cells on exfoliative cytological study. All the @entity5 were subjected to histopathological study by incisional biopsy. Among the @entity75 13.79% proved benign and the rest true @entity6349 . Among the cytologically malignant group 4.76% showed @entity1141 and the rest true @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Persistent @entity12120 has a potential for malignant transformation and exfoliative cytology could be a simple method for early detection of @entity6349 and malignant changes.

title: Epidemiological and clinicopathological study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8407 :: ('MESH:D007972', 'Disease') :: ['oral leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Such lesions', 'dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions', 'dysplastic and malignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['infective, systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic white lesions']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity8407 :: (MESH:D007972,Disease) :: ['oral leukoplakia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neonates with "long gap" @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) are often managed with gastrostomy and tube drainage of the proximal pouch for a number of months while awaiting definitive repair. Because of the risk of @entity1173 and need for complex nursing care, most remain hospitalized during this time. However, prolonged hospitalization utilizes scarce resources and may be difficult for many families. METHODS: The authors report on 5 @entity1 who were treated successfully at home while awaiting esophageal @entity254 . RESULTS: Four @entity1 had pure @entity1152 (one had a @entity15960 ), and one had a distal fistula. Gestational ages ranged from 31 to 41 weeks. All had a gastrostomy within days of birth. Age at definitive repair ranged from 6 to 12 months. Time at home while awaiting @entity254 ranged from 42 to 113 days. Care at home included nursing care, suction equipment and training, @entity3685 , and ability to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The only complications noted while at home consisted of @entity2169 in one @entity1 and recurrent @entity1729 in another @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Selected @entity1 with long gap @entity1152 can be treated safely at home while awaiting esophageal @entity254 . Success of this approach depends on a motivated, reliable family, and adequate support from community health care providers.

title: Can 'long-gap' @entity1152 be safely managed at home while awaiting XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'EA']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3685 :: ('MESH:D019959', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy feeding']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear infection']

entities_list: @entity15960 :: ('MESH:C535720', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal atresia']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: BHR is a clinical feature of @entity565 and factors crucial to the development of BHR remain to be elucidated. Asymptomatic BHR also occurs in the general population. This study examined the prevalence of asymptomatic BHR in a population of young Japanese atopic individuals to identify whether @entity32 is present in @entity748 @entity1 but not in asymptomatic subjects with BHR. METHODS: Fifty atopic volunteers (aged 18-23 years) without lower respiratory symptoms were recruited and their bronchial responsiveness to @entity2710 was measured in order to categorize them into two groups, those with BHR (PC(20) below 8 mg/mL) and those without BHR. We evaluated the inflammatory cell profiles and measured @entity225 and @entity4047 levels in sputum from subjects of each group by ELISA. Results were compared with those for young adult @entity748 @entity1 . RESULTS: In the young atopic group, 17 subjects (34.0%) exhibited BHR. Compared with @entity748 @entity1 sputum from asymptomatic subjects with BHR contained significantly lower numbers of eosinophils (P < 0.001) and had significantly lower levels of @entity225 (P = 0.088) and @entity4047 (P = 0.032). There were no significant differences in each inflammatory parameter between the two asymptomatic groups. CONCLUSIONS: In young adult atopic subjects with asymptomatic BHR, @entity32 does not necessarily play a determining role in the development of BHR to @entity2710 itself, though it might be an important factor in the onset of @entity565 .

title: Induced sputum analysis in asymptomatic young adults with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity2710 :: (MESH:D016210,Chemical) :: ['methacholine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is little information on the function of epididymal basal cells. These cells secrete @entity2918 , can metabolize radical @entity26 species, and have apical projections that are components of the blood-epididymis barrier. The objective of this study was to develop a reproducible protocol to isolate @entity35 epididymal basal cells and to characterize their function by gene expression profiling. @entity32523 was used to isolate a highly purified population of basal cells. Microarray analysis indicated that expression levels of 552 genes were enriched in basal cells relative to other cell types. Among these genes, 45 were expressed at levels of 5-fold or greater. These highly expressed genes coded for proteins implicated in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal function, ion transport, cellular signaling, and epidermal function, and included proteases and antiproteases, signal transduction, and transcription factors. Several highly expressed genes have been reported in adult stem cells, suggesting that basal cells may represent an epididymal stem cell population. A basal cell culture was established that showed that these basal cells can differentiate in vitro from keratin (KRT) 5-positive cells to cells that express @entity12075 and @entity26830 , a marker of columnar cells. These data provide novel information on epididymal basal cell gene expression and suggest that these cells can act as adult stem cells.

title: Isolated XXXX Epididymal Basal Cells Share Common Properties with Adult Stem Cells.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: The proliferation, survival and mobility of @entity5 cells are maintained by deregulation of signaling pathways, including RAS/ @entity8496 / @entity8047 / @entity3963 /. Constitutive activation of these pathways is a common event in @entity1 @entity5 . It is most often caused by mutations or altered expression of genes encoding key players in this pathway. Knowledge of the mechanisms of intracellular activation of these circuits has led to the development of inhibitory molecules aimed at limiting @entity5 growth. These molecules have been developed through extensive clinical trials marked by impressive therapeutic successes that have pioneered the concept of targeted therapies, leading to a new paradigm of @entity5 therapy. However, despite these remarkable clinical responses, particularly in @entity320 , poorly understood drug resistance mechanisms eventually come into play. Resistance mechanisms associated with secondary mutations in @entity817 seem to be infrequent in @entity320 , while those related to target circumvention are more common. The latter include an increase in the expression and regulation of PDGF and IGF-l receptors, and secondary mutations in the @entity8497 , COT or @entity8047 genes. They involve the activation pathways @entity8047 / @entity3963 and/or @entity10412 / @entity584 in conditions in which the target is inhibited. Resistance may also be explained by deregulation of the @entity8047 / @entity3963 pathway, leading to the expression of genes that had been subject to negative feedback. Moreover, the @entity5 microenvironment, through the secretion of soluble factors, stimulates signaling pathways that can compensate for @entity8047 / @entity3963 pathway inhibition. Lastly, combinations of @entity8047 / @entity3963 inhibition and immunotherapy open the way to new therapeutic strategies designed to circumvent drug resistance. Without calling into question the concept of "oncogenic addiction", in which alteration of a single gene is responsible for persistence of the @entity5 phenotype, these findings call for a rethink on the use of targeted therapies. A more integrated view of the @entity5 including its microenvironment, will no doubt be necessary.

title: [Future targeting of the RAS/ @entity8496 / @entity8047 / @entity3963 signaling pathway in oncology: the example of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumoral', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the safety of lens extraction and @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) implantation in @entity1 with @entity1714 treated for initial @entity231 and/or refractive indications. SETTING: Instituto de Microcirug  a Ocular de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. METHODS: This retrospective nonrandomized case series study comprised 44 eyes of 30 consecutive myopic @entity1 who had surgery because of initial @entity231 and/or refractive indications during a 2-year period. In each case, phacoemulsification was performed using an ultrasonic technique and an @entity2790 was implanted in the capsular bag. The @entity1 were seen preoperatively to evaluate retinal pathology. They also had a complete ophthalmologic evaluation that included detailed indirect ophthalmoscopy. All @entity1 were followed at regular intervals. The main outcome measures were preoperative and postoperative spherical equivalent (SE), the incidence of @entity3236 ( @entity3236 ) and the need for capsulotomy, and the incidence of @entity989 . RESULTS: In all eyes, the surgery was uneventful. The mean @entity1 age at surgery was 42.83 years; the mean preoperative SE was -15.77 diopters (D) and the mean postoperative SE, -1.05 D. No eye required preoperative peripheral @entity2479 . Twenty-five eyes (56.8%) had @entity3236 and had a neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy. One eye had a retinal tear 14 months after surgery and was treated with focal photocoagulation. The mean endothelial cell loss was 2.1% during the first postoperative year. Two eyes had an immediate @entity2790 (IOP) rise, 1 with an inflammatory membrane and the other with @entity3279 ; both resolved with topical treatment. One eye with elevated IOP and a bad response to medical treatment had argon laser trabeculoplasty. No eye had a @entity1713 during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: With a thorough preoperative ophthalmologic evaluation and uneventful surgery, @entity1 who have phacoemulsification and @entity2790 implantation for the correction of @entity1714 have a satisfactory chance of obtaining good visual results with few complications.

title: Phacoemulsification of the crystalline lens and implantation of an XXXX for the correction of moderate and @entity1714 : four-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['lens opacity']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal photocoagulation']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOL', 'postoperative intraocular pressure', 'intraocular lens']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal complications']

entities_list: @entity3236 :: ('MESH:D058442', 'Disease') :: ['posterior capsule opacification', 'PCO']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia', 'myopia']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['intraocular lens']


abstract: Cryopreserved hepatocytes are a ready source of metabolic and synthetic functions for hepatocyte transplantation and bioartificial livers. In this study, we evaluated a cytoprotective effect of University of Wisconsin (UW) solution during cryopreservation of @entity35 hepatocytes. We also investigated the feasibility of lentivirus-based gene transfer into thawed hepatocytes after cryopreservation. Primary @entity35 hepatocytes were isolated using a two-step collagenase perfusion technique, and the resulting hepatocytes with more than 85% viability assessed by a @entity3460 exclusion test were subjected to the present study. These cells were subjected to the present study. Cells were cryopreserved with UW solution containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) with 12% @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) (group 1, G1), Cellbanker solution (group 2, G2), and 10% FBS-containing Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM) with 12% @entity3733 (group 3, G3). After thawing the cryopreserved hepatocytes, cell viability, plating efficiency, morphological appearance, and @entity3265 clearance activity were determined for each group. The efficacy of lentivirus-mediated @entity526 LacZ gene delivery was evaluated. Hepatocyte viabilities after 3- and 7-day cryopreservation were 73.2% and 62.5% for G1, 57.5% and 46.5% for G2, and 57.3% and 41.5% for G3, respectively. Plating efficiency and @entity3265 clearance activity were improved in G1 hepatocytes compared to G2 and G3 cells. Lentiviral transfer of a LacZ gene was confirmed in the thawed hepatocytes after cryopreservation by an X-gal stain assay.

title: UW solution: a promising tool for cryopreservation of primarily isolated XXXX hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The prognosis of @entity1 with portal vein @entity5 @entity715 (PVTT) from @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is poor; without treatment, their survival is less than 3months. We retrospectively evaluated the treatment outcomes of conformal radiation therapy (CRT) in @entity1 with @entity157 -PVTT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity157 @entity1 with PVTT in whom other treatment modalities were not indicated underwent CRT. The total dose was translated into a @entity10204 ( @entity10204 ) of 23.4-59.5Gy(10) (median 50.7Gy(10)) as the alpha/beta ratio=10. Predictive factors including the age, performance status, @entity1 -Pugh classification, PVTT size, and @entity10204 were evaluated for @entity5 response and survival. RESULTS: Complete response (CR), partial response (PR), @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) were observed in 6 (15.8%), 11 (28.9%), 17 (44.7%), and 4 (10.5%) @entity1 , respectively. The response rate (CR+PR) was 44.7%. The PVTT size (<30 vs. 30mm) and @entity10204 (<58 vs. 58Gy(10)) were significant factors for @entity5 response. The median survival and 1-year survival rate were 9.6months and 39.4%. The @entity1 -Pugh classification (A vs. B) and @entity10204 were significant factors for survival. CONCLUSIONS: CRT is effective not only for @entity5 response but also for survival in @entity157 -PVTT @entity1 in whom other treatment modalities are not indicated.

title: Conformal radiation therapy for portal vein @entity5 @entity715 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'biologic effective dose']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The anatomic and electrophysiologic bases for multiple forms of sustained AV @entity591 were determined in the @entity95 . METHODS: Intracellular microelectrode recordings were used to identify antegrade and retrograde conduction limbs of sustained @entity591 observed in 23 of 152 superfused @entity95 AV junctions. RESULTS: Slow: @entity591 (196 +/- 12 msec cycle length) with nearly equal AH and HA intervals (99 +/- 12; 97 +/- 11 msec, respectively) and early atrial activation near the coronary sinus os were observed in 14 preparations and slow:fast @entity591 (189 +/- 11 msec cycle length) with an AH > HA interval (141 +/- 12; 48 +/- 10 msec, respectively) and early atrial activation along the anterior limbus of the fossa ovalis were observed in 11 preparations. Both @entity591 were associated with @entity4785 and localized reentry within the triangle of Koch. Slow:fast and slow: @entity591 exhibited counterclockwise and clockwise reentry circuits, respectively. Both circuits were present in two preparations. Slow:fast AV nodal reentrant @entity591 could be reset with stimuli introduced near the coronary sinus os and the anterior AV nodal input. Slow: @entity591 could be reset only by stimuli introduced near the coronary sinus os. The fraction of the @entity591 cycle length contained within the compact AV node was greater for slow:fast (0.35 +/- 0.07) than slow:slow reentry (0.15 +/- 0.05, p = 0.026), suggesting a longer lower common pathway for slow:fast @entity591 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4785 incorporating the AV node can provide the reentrant substrate for two different clinical forms of sustained AV @entity591 .

title: Slow:fast and slow:slow AV nodal reentry in the XXXX resulting from @entity4785 .

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['nodal tachycardias', 'tachycardia', 'slow tachycardias', 'tachycardias', 'nodal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['Longitudinal dissociation within the posterior AV nodal input', 'longitudinal dissociation']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity12554 is one of the most frequent inborn conditions. It is caused by distinct mutations in the @entity4414 gene and in the majority of cases the disease's severity correlates with @entity4414 allelic variation Our aim was to describe the mutational spectrum of @entity4414 and evaluate genotype-phenotype correlation in a cohort of portuguese @entity1 with @entity12554 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 22 @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of @entity12554 . Molecular analysis of @entity4414 was performed and genotype-phenotype correlation was then established. RESULTS: Genotyping was performed in 22 unrelated @entity1 : 5 with classic salt-wasting (average age of diagnosis 10,2 days; minimum 1, maximum 20 days), 7 with classic simple virilizing (average age of diagnosis 3,5 years; minimum 0 days, maximum 7 years) and 10 with nonclassical form (average age of diagnosis 5,7 years; minimum 4 years, maximum 8 years). The most frequent @entity74 in the classic forms were I2 splice (24%) and @entity26022 (24%), followed by @entity25278 (16%) and gene deletions (16%) and in the nonclassical form, the @entity12555 (80%). The overall concordance between genotype and phenotype was 81,8%. Genotype accurately predicted phenotype in 83,3%, 100% and 90% of @entity1 with classic salt-wasting, classic simple virilizing and nonclassical mutations, respectively. DISCUSSION: The frequency of @entity74 in our @entity1 was comparable to similar studies. In most cases there was a good correlation between genotype and phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular analysis of @entity4414 provides useful information in terms of prediction of disease severity, genetic and prenatal counseling.

title: [ XXXX : Genotype-Phenotype Correlation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12554 :: ('MESH:C535979', 'Disease') :: ['21-hydroxylase deficiency', 'Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

answer: @entity12554 :: (MESH:C535979,Disease) :: ['Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency']


abstract: Objective-To describe the technique and evaluate the outcome of laparoscopic treatment of @entity43 ( @entity43 ) in @entity235 and @entity468 . Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-7 client-owned @entity235 and @entity468 . Procedures-Medical records of @entity235 and @entity468 with @entity43 that were treated laparoscopically at 3 large veterinary teaching hospitals were reviewed. Laparoscopic ovarian remnant resection was performed by means of either a 3-port or single-port technique with the @entity1 in dorsal recumbency. The area caudal to both kidneys was thoroughly inspected for evidence of ovarian tissue by tilting the @entity1 laterally. Any ovarian remnant tissue in these areas was resected with a bipolar vessel sealer. Results-5 female @entity235 and 2 female @entity468 that had previously undergone ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy were included in the study. Six procedures were performed with a standard 3-port technique, and 1 was performed with a single-port technique. Median surgery time was 90 minutes (range, 50 to 150 minutes). No @entity1 required conversion to laparotomy. Six of the 7 @entity1 had complete resolution of clinical signs after surgery. One @entity1 underwent laparotomy 7 weeks after surgery for management of stump pyometra, but no further ovarian tissue was detected. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Laparoscopic management of @entity43 in this cohort of @entity235 and @entity468 was associated with minimal morbidity. Laparoscopic treatment of @entity43 in @entity235 and @entity468 may be recommended for appropriately selected @entity1 .

title: Laparoscopic treatment of @entity43 in XXXX and @entity468 : 7 cases (2010-2013).

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ORS', 'ovarian remnant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The identification of specific oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes in regions of recurrent aneuploidy is a major challenge of molecular @entity5 research. Using both oligonucleotide single-nucleotide polymorphism and mRNA expression arrays, we integrated genomic and transcriptional information to identify and prioritize candidate @entity5 genes in regions of increased and decreased chromosomal copy number in a cohort of primary @entity0 . Confirming the validity of this approach, several regions of previously-known copy number (CN) alterations in @entity0 could be successfully reidentified. Focusing on regions of decreased CN, we defined a prioritized list of eighteen candidate genes, which included @entity65354 , @entity6099 , and @entity61718 , previously shown to be associated with @entity5 in breast or other tissue types, and novel genes such as @entity54916 , @entity22606 , and @entity65355 . One such gene, the @entity10429 transcription factor, was selected for further study. We show that @entity10429 is present at reduced CNs in proportion to the rest of the @entity5 genome and that @entity10429 CN reductions can also be observed in a @entity0 series from a different center. Using tissue microarrays, we demonstrate in an independent cohort of over 120 breast tissues that @entity10429 protein is expressed in normal breast epithelium but not fat and stromal tissue, and widely down-regulated in the majority of @entity0 (>85%). In vitro, @entity10429 overexpression suppressed the invasive potential of MDA-MB-231 @entity0 cells in a matrigel assay. Our results demonstrate the utility of integrative genomic approaches to identify novel potential @entity5 -related genes in @entity5 . This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045-2257/suppmat.

title: Targets of genome copy number reduction in primary XXXX identified by integrative genomics.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the baseline factors independently related to 3-year @entity1714 progression and axial elongation in COMET. METHODS: A total of 469 @entity1 were enrolled, randomly assigned to progressive addition lenses with a + 2.00 diopter (D) addition or to single vision lenses and observed for 3 years. Eligible @entity1 were 6 to 11 years old, with spherical equivalent @entity1714 of - 1.25 to - 4.50 D, bilaterally. The primary and secondary outcomes, @entity1714 progression by cycloplegic autorefraction and axial elongation by A-scan ultrasonography, were measured annually. Multiple linear regression was used to adjust for covariates, including treatment. RESULTS: Younger baseline age (6-7 vs 11 years, 8 vs 11 years, and 9 vs 11 years, P<.001; 10 vs 11 years, P = .04), female sex (P = .01), and each ethnic group compared with African Americans (Asian, P = .02; Hispanic, P = .002; mixed, P = .002; white, P = .001) were independently associated with faster 3-year progression. @entity1 aged 6 to 7 years had the fastest progression of all age groups, progressing by a mean (+/- SD) of 1.31 D +/- 0.13 more than @entity1 aged 11 years. Females progressed 0.16 D more than the males. @entity1 of mixed, Hispanic, Asian, and white ethnicity progressed more than African American @entity1 by 0.49 D +/- 0.16, 0.33 D +/- 0.11, 0.32 D +/- 0.13, 0.27 D +/- 0.08, respectively. Age and ethnicity, but not sex, were independently associated with axial elongation. Among these myopic @entity1 , a 0.5 mm increase in axial length was associated with 1 D of @entity1714 progression. CONCLUSIONS: Younger baseline age was the strongest factor independently associated with faster myopic progression and greater axial elongation at 3 years. African American @entity1 had less myopic progression and axial elongation than the other ethnic groups.

title: Relationship of age, sex, and ethnicity with @entity1714 progression and axial elongation in the correction of XXXX evaluation trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']