abstract: Every physician managing @entity1 with @entity29 should be alert to the possibility of the development of @entity74 , especially in @entity1 with extensive @entity1049 . There is the question concerning type of follow-up study to be instituted in @entity1 with @entity8787 . Elevation of the level of serum alkaline phosphatase appears to be the most useful and consistent biochemical indicator of @entity409 (101). This should be estimated at six monthly intervals. A persistent elevation of the level of serum alkaline phosphatase or more overt clinical manifestations, such as @entity158 in the right upper quadrant, @entity382 , @entity3883 or @entity353 , would all indicate the need for further investigations. This would normally take the form of roentgenologic investigation of the biliary tree and biopsy of the liver. Once a @entity1 with @entity8787 has been diagnosed as having one or more @entity74 , what is the appropriate management? Each instance should be treated individually according to the nature of the disorder. In general, most of these conditions are histologic abnormalities and are of little clinical importance. There is the question of whether or not there is a role for prophylactic colectomy. There has been conflicting evidence to both support and refute the rationale that colectomy will prevent the development of, or arrest, existing @entity409 . In the view of the authors, based upon a large experience with the management of these @entity1 , the indication for colectomy should be based upon the severity and extent of @entity1049 and almost never upon the existence of associated @entity74 .

title: XXXX in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['disease of the liver', 'hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary disorders']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic disease', 'colonic involvement']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Hepatobiliary disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ) is a first line chemotherapy drug for @entity0 . There have been few studies reported concerning the therapeutic efficacy of @entity1311 -conjugated polymeric micelles in @entity0 in vivo. METHODS: Two kinds of @entity4045 conjugate micelles, one of which (M( @entity4045 )) contained 25wt.% of @entity4045 and the other (M(FA/ @entity4045 )) contained 22.5wt.% of @entity4045 and 1.4wt.% of @entity1501 (FA), were prepared for cell apoptosis and anti- @entity5 activity evaluation on EMT-6 @entity19 @entity0 models in comparison with 0.9wt.% saline (control) and equivalent @entity4045 . Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. @entity0 were examined histologically with H_E staining and immunohistochemically by examining @entity1380 and @entity1379 expression. The survival status of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 with different treatments was also examined. RESULTS: On day 5 of the drug administration, the average @entity5 masses were 0.49, 0.33, 0.22, and 0.18g for the control, @entity4045 , M( @entity4045 ) and M(FA/ @entity4045 ) groups, respectively. The inhibition rates of @entity5 growth calculated for the three drug groups were 32.6%, 51.6% and 62.3%, respectively. The percentage of cell apoptosis based on flow cytometry was 1.0%, 36.6%, 55.9% and 66.1%, respectively, which showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between three drug groups and the control group. @entity1379 expression of @entity4045 and M(FA/ @entity4045 ) groups was lower than control group (p<0.05). @entity1380 expression of drug groups was higher than control group (p<0.05). At an equivalent @entity1311 dose of 26.7mg/kg, the average survival time was 33days, 31days, 34days and 42days, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The M(FA/ @entity4045 ) have better anti- @entity5 activity and are promising in treatment of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Anti- @entity5 activity of XXXX targeted biodegradable polymer- @entity1311 conjugate micelles on EMT-6 @entity0 model.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'Breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folate']


abstract: @entity2696 ( @entity2696 ) represents a very rare lymphatic vascular proliferation. Our aim is to be aware that owing to its characteristic features, pathologists can easily misinterpret it as cutaneous low-grade @entity5426 when examining only small specimens. In the present case, multiple small and yellowish to reddish soft nodules were noticed in the @entity4 left arm of a 54-year-old Japanese female 4  years after the radical mastectomy with axillary lymph nodes dissection and following radiotherapy to the chest for the left @entity0 . The biopsy specimen showed an ill-defined lesion composed of a proliferation of irregular and sometimes anastomosing vascular structures in the dermis, lined by endothelial cells having mildly hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei, but no mitotic figures. As the lesion grew within deeper dermis, these proliferating vessels dissected dermal collagenous bands, occasionally arranged in low-papillary projections and/or characteristic hobnail cytomorphology. We first interpreted it as low-grade @entity5426 following chronic @entity4269 due to the operation, i.e., the so-called @entity12652 . Although additional treatments were performed for 7  years, she had neither local invasion nor metastases of these @entity5 , respectively, and was alive and well. Retrospective immunohistochemical findings demonstrated that these mildly atypical endothelial cells were strongly positive for lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor ( @entity14600 as well, and @entity1758 labeling index was less than 1%. Therefore, we finally made a diagnosis of @entity2696 of the skin. @entity1758 labeling index might be useful and adjunctive aids for reaching the correct diagnosis of cutaneous @entity2696 , especially in case of small or inadequate specimens.Virtual Slides: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_197.

title: Post-mastectomy benign lymphangioendothelioma of the skin following chronic XXXX for @entity0 : a teaching case mimicking low-grade @entity5426 and masquerading as @entity12652 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity12652 :: ('MESH:C537491', 'Disease') :: ['Stewart-Treves syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['Benign lymphangioendothelioma', 'BL']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['lymphedema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence and morphologic features of @entity8205 in @entity62 . DESIGN: Point prevalence survey. SETTING: Outpatient dermatology clinic. @entity1 : Convenience sample of subjects 18 years or older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence and morphologic features based on ethnicity, sex, and age. RESULTS: @entity5515 were detected in 42.0% of blacks (50 of 119) vs 23.0% of whites (79 of 343) (P < .001). @entity5515 of 6-mm diameter or larger were detected in 3.4% of blacks (4 of 119) vs 0.6% of whites (2 of 343) (P = .04). @entity7174 were uncommon in whites (0 of 343) and blacks (1 of 119). The prevalence of @entity5515 increased directly with degree of @entity2118 (P < .001). In whites, this prevalence was greater in @entity1 (27.1%, 51 of 188) than in @entity1 (18.1%, 28 of 155) (P = .047); in subjects younger than 50 years (30.8%, 57 of 185) than in those 50 years or older (13.9%, 22 of 158) (P < .001); in subjects with a history of @entity7174 than in those without (odds ratio [OR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-6.9); in those with at least 1 extant atypical nevus than in those without (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.7-6.0); and in those with at least 20 nevi of 2-mm diameter or larger than in those without (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.6-5.6). CONCLUSIONS: Acral nevi appear to be associated with ethnicity, pigmentation, age, and @entity320 ( @entity320 ) risk factors. While relatively large and/or very darkly pigmented @entity7174 appear to be more common in blacks than in whites, diffusely black @entity7174 are uncommon in both groups. These findings are relevant to the assessment of pigmented lesions in the differential diagnosis of @entity320 .

title: @entity8205 : prevalence and distribution of gross morphologic features in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'cutaneous melanoma', 'acral CM']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['acral melanocytic nevi']

entities_list: @entity7174 :: ('MESH:D009506', 'Disease') :: ['acral nevi', 'atypical nevus removal', 'Diffusely black acral nevi']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['skin pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white and black adults']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['palmar or plantar nevi', 'Palmar or plantar nevi']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['white and black adults']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1635 at two years following anterior thoracoscopic spinal instrumentation and fusion have been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results at five years. METHODS: A consecutive series of forty-one @entity1 with major @entity1514 treated with anterior thoracoscopic spinal instrumentation was evaluated at regular intervals. Prospectively collected data included @entity1 demographics, radiographic measurements, clinical deformity measures, pulmonary function, an assessment of intervertebral fusion, and the scores on the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-24) outcomes instrument. @entity260 were recorded. @entity1 data for the preoperative, two-year, and five-year postoperative time points were compared. In addition, a univariate analysis compared selected two-year radiographic, pulmonary function, and SRS-24 data of the study cohort and those of the @entity1 lost to follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-five (61%) of the original forty-one @entity1 had five-year follow-up data and were included in the analysis. Between the two-year and five-year follow-up visits, no significant changes were observed with regard to the average percent correction of the major Cobb angle (56% +/- 11% and 52% +/- 14%, respectively), average total lung capacity as a percent of the predicted value (95% +/- 14% and 91% +/- 10%), and the average total SRS-24 score (4.2 +/- 0.4 and 4.1 +/- 0.7). Radio-graphic evaluation of intervertebral fusion at five years revealed convincing evidence of a fusion with remodeling and trabeculae present at 151 (97%) of the 155 instrumented motion segments. No @entity86 or clinically relevant neurovascular complications were observed. Rod failure occurred in three @entity1 , and three @entity1 required a surgical revision with posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic anterior instrumentation for main @entity1514 results in five-year outcomes comparable with those reported previously for open anterior and posterior techniques. The radiographic findings, pulmonary function, and clinical measures remain stable between the two and five-year follow-up time points. Thoracoscopic instrumentation provides a viable alternative to treat @entity85 ; however, the risks of @entity1516 , @entity177 , and surgical revision should be considered along with the advantages of limited muscular dissection and improved scar appearance.

title: Surgical treatment of main XXXX with thoracoscopic anterior instrumentation. Surgical technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic scoliosis', 'thoracic idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Perioperative and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['hardware failure']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic scoliosis']


abstract: @entity141 signaling is a key regulator of B lymphocyte cell fate and defects in this signaling pathway have been reported in @entity66 such as @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). @entity1072 is a @entity8624 characterized by the accumulation of mature monoclonal @entity5893 (+) B cells. Although @entity1072 could be considered to be a @entity66 , most circulating @entity1072 cells are arrested in the G0 phase of the cell cycle and present both defects in @entity460 ( @entity141 ) homeostasis and signaling. The @entity141 response to antigen ligation is heterogeneous and related, in part, to defects arising from the incapacity to respond to B cell receptor (BCR) engagement (anergy), to the expression of T cell kinases (e.g. @entity6755 ), and to the presence of negative feedback regulation by phosphatases (e.g. @entity9196 ). Anergic @entity5893 (+) @entity1072 cells are characterized by an elevated basal @entity141 level, IgM/CD79 downregulation, a constitutive activation of BCR pathway kinases, and an activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT). Based on the @entity141 response, @entity1 are classified into three groups: unresponders, responders with apoptosis, and responders with entry in the cell cycle. Moreover, internal and direct interaction between leukemic BCR-HCDR3 epitopes at the plasma membrane and interaction between @entity588 and the @entity9197 at the endoplasmic reticulum are also suspected to interfere with the intracellular @entity141 homeostasis in @entity1072 -B cells. As a whole, the @entity141 pathway is emerging to play a key role in malignant @entity1072 -B survival, disease progression, and last but not least, in the therapeutic response.

title: XXXX signaling and cell fate: how can @entity141 signals contribute to wrong decisions for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemic B lymphocyte outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['numerous diseases', 'proliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'CLL B']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['B cell clonal disorder']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) were trained to mobilize intrabronchial secretions by a new method of positive expiratory pressure mask (PEP mask) physiotherapy (PT). @entity1 repeatedly expired forcefully through the PEP mask; expiratory resistance was varied by eight different internal diameter resistors at the outlet. Forced vital capacity with the mask (FVCPEP) was determined for each resistor and was compared with the one measured without the instrument (FVC); simultaneously the sustained expiratory pressure (SEP) developed against the resistance was recorded. After training, each @entity1 exceeded FVC with one or more resistors; "optimum" FVCPEP was 124 +/- 16% FVC at a SEP of 61 +/- 21 cm @entity2507 . Using the PEP mask, @entity1 cleared a higher percentage of their daily sputum volume than with conventional PT (78 +/- 22% versus 53 +/- 17%, p less than 0.01). In 11 @entity1 (subgroup 1), multiple aspects of lung function were measured at the beginning of the study, after 10 months with PEP mask PT, after two further months without using the mask but with conventional PT, and after six more months with PEP mask PT. Results showed significantly increased expiratory flow rates, significantly decreased hyperinflation and airway instability with PEP mask PT, and a marked @entity358 without it. The remaining nine @entity1 (subgroup 2) entered into the same protocol; based on findings in subgroup 1 and on ethical considerations, however, the control period without PEP mask PT was then omitted, resulting in a steady and statistically significant improvement of lung function over the entire observation period. In the course of preliminary trials, two @entity1 transiently used a suboptimal resistance (FVCPEP less than FVC) and responded with a deterioration of lung function. By dilating airways and evacuating trapped gas, this method of PEP mask PT improves lung function and mucus clearance in @entity1577 . Thorough practice with the technique and frequent control of the optimal resistance are mandatory.

title: Forced expirations against a variable resistance: a new chest physiotherapy method in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['decline of lung function']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: Ossifying @entity81 is a rare @entity5 arising from undifferentiated cells of the periodontal ligament. Ossifying @entity81 have a well-defined border that differentiates it from @entity82 clinically, these @entity5 manifest as a round or ovoid, expansile, painless, slow-growing mass may displace the roots of adjacent teeth and also cause root resorption. They occur at second to fourth decade of life. Radiologically the lesion appears as a dense radiopaque mass surrounded by a thin, well-defined regular radiolucent rim. @entity1 underwent thorough history taking and complete face, ear, nose, and throat examination. Computed tomography maxilla, orthopantomogram, paranasal sinus reveals entire maxillary sinus involved in one case. @entity5381 deviated to the opposite side, airway reduced on the side of swelling seen in one case. Root resorption seen in two cases and missing teeth in seen in case 1. In our study in case 1, the @entity5 involved maxillary sinus, medial wall of the nose. The @entity5 were excised by Weber-Fergusson and in case 2 the @entity5 was excised by maxillary vestibular approach. Overall recurrence rates after resection is reported to range from 30 to 56%.

title: Surgical Management of Ossifying XXXX in Maxilla: Report of Two Cases.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign osteogenic neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5381 :: ('MESH:D061270', 'Disease') :: ['Nasal septum']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['Fibroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity454 , @entity2299 is linked to risk of @entity65 . Increased concentrations of @entity1674 -rich, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and decreased concentrations of high density lipoproteins (HDL) are usual, whilst total @entity165 and low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations are not increased. Non-esterified @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ) are not transported by lipoproteins, but increased concentrations may also be associated with @entity65 risk. In this study, plasma concentrations of @entity3691 and other lipids were compared in healthy subjects and @entity1 with end-stage @entity177 who were either undialyzed or undergoing peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. METHODS: Fasted blood samples for measurement of albumin, total, free and HDL- @entity165 , @entity1674 and @entity3691 were taken from 56 apparently healthy subjects and from 48, 28 and 46 @entity1 from the United Arab Emirates during 2002 who were either untreated or on peritoneal or hemodialysis. Hemodialysis subjects were studied immediately before and after a single treatment session. RESULTS: For all groups of @entity1 , total, and LDL- @entity165 were unchanged, @entity1674 and free @entity165 were raised and HDL- @entity165 concentrations and the percentage of esterified @entity165 were significantly decreased compared to controls. Plasma @entity3691 concentrations for untreated @entity1 were similar to controls, but were decreased in peritoneal dialysis @entity1 and markedly increased both before and, even more so, after dialysis in hemodialysis @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity454 share common features of @entity2299 irrespective of whether they are untreated or on peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. However, only hemodialysis @entity1 show significantly increased concentrations of @entity3691 .

title: Plasma concentrations of non-esterified @entity1718 in XXXX in the United Arab Emirates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol', 'triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: Following the progressive occurrence of a central @entity394 in a 9 year old female @entity235 , the diagnosis of a compressive lesion was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis (C.S.F.) and by computerized axial tomography (C.T.). The C.T.Scan revealed a large @entity5 occupying two thirds of the posterior fossa on the right side. A direct surgical approach to the right side of the posterior fossa revealed a large, friable mass, consistent with a @entity1653 , underneath the cerebellum, over the brain stem. Microscopic surgical dissection permitted the removal of the major part of the @entity5 . The nature of the @entity1313 was confirmed histopathologically as a @entity1653 . No post operative complication arose and the @entity235 returned to normal. Three months later, clinical signs reappeared and a control C.T.Scan showed recurrence of the @entity5 . The @entity235 was euthanized four months postsurgically. @entity5 are common in the @entity235 , but rarely diagnosed and operated. However, a direct surgical approach to the posterior fossa for a tentative curative removal of an @entity5 has never been described in a @entity235 . The localization and description of the lesions demonstrate the utility of C.T.Scans in the @entity235 species. Recurrence of the @entity5 following surgery confirms the importance of complete excision of @entity1653 when possible.

title: [Surgical excision of XXXX of the posterior fossa in a @entity235 after detection by x-ray computed tomography].

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Intracranial tumors', 'intracranial tumor']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningiomas', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular syndrome']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: --Ovarian cysts are common in childhood but most are non functioning. Treatment of those @entity7979 that develop in young @entity1 may be difficult. CASE REPORTS: Case no. 1.--A 1 1/2 month-old baby was admitted because of an @entity697 . Ultrasonography showed a pelvic, heterogeneous mass without @entity730 . Laparotomy showed right @entity43 with @entity39 of a cyst requiring ovariectomy. At that time, there was an isolated increase in FSH after @entity4396 stimulation. A transitory premature thelarche without pubertal type response to @entity4396 was seen at the age of 3 months. Clinical and ultrasonographic controls remain normal with a follow-up of 1 year. Case no. 2.--A 4 yr 10 m-old @entity1 was admitted because of an @entity697 . Ovariectomy was necessary because laparotomy showed right @entity43 with @entity39 of a cyst. Recurrent @entity490 , 4 months later, was associated with an enlarged left ovary without @entity17246 . Gonadotropin were slightly increased after @entity4396 stimulation and the @entity1 was given @entity4396 agonist that suppressed endogenous @entity4396 within 3 months. Clinical and ultrasonographic controls remain normal 1 year after cessation of treatment. Case no. 3.--A 19 month-old @entity1 was admitted because of a @entity548 with recent development of secondary sexual characteristics. Skeletal age was 2 yrs. Ultrasonography showed an enlarged uterus and a left @entity42 , heterogenous with @entity730 . Plasma levels of @entity53 were increased but gonadotropin were normal. Ovariectomy was performed, followed by disappearance of secondary sexual characteristics. However, the @entity1 was given @entity4396 agonist at the age of 2 yr 7 mo because of recurrent pubertal activity. CONCLUSIONS: --These cases underline the difficulty in treating @entity7979 in young @entity1 . The possibility of cyst recurrence with manifestations of pubertal activity after ovariectomy lead to discuss indication of @entity4396 agonists for an undetermined duration.

title: [How to manage a symptomatic @entity42 in a female XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian torsion']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute abdominal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7979 :: ('MESH:D005497', 'Disease') :: ['follicular cysts']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['genital hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity17246 :: ('MESH:C538542', 'Disease') :: ['sexual precocity']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: To assess the usefulness of X-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting and evaluating @entity741 , conventional and enhanced CT were performed for 180 @entity1 (150 with transmural @entity1188 , 12 with @entity1188 , and 18 with @entity951 ). MRI examinations were performed for 38 @entity1 (31 with transmural @entity1188 , three with @entity1188 , and four with @entity951 ). With enhanced CT, two findings in the myocardium were direct evidence of @entity583 : 1. filling defects on the early scans, and 2. late enhancement of the myocardium on the delayed scans. The former were observed mainly at the sites of recent anterior @entity583 and the latter were seen in about half of the @entity1 with recent and remote anterior @entity583 . However, these findings were inadequately imaged in @entity1 with inferoposterior @entity1188 and @entity1188 . Among 137 @entity1 with transmural @entity1188 , enhanced CT revealed @entity1002 in 51 (37%) and ventricular thrombi in 26 (19%). ECG-gated MRI apparatus having a superconducting magnetic operating at 0.25 Tesla was used, and data for this study were collected using the single-slice spin echo technique. In eight of nine @entity1 with @entity583 , gated MRI demonstrated the infarcted myocardium as regions of high signal intensity relative to that of the adjacent normal myocardium. Such a difference in MRI signal intensity was scarcely recognized in the chronic stage of @entity583 , but the indirect findings of @entity1188 , such as regional wall thinning, wall motion disturbances, @entity1002 , and ventricular thrombi were easily detected using MRI. No characteristic finding was obtained by CT or MRI in @entity1 with @entity951 .

title: [Diagnostic evaluation of XXXX by X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial infarction', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysms']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: A @entity1911 that exclusively secretes @entity935 (DA) rather than predominantly DA among a blend of @entity2661 is as yet unreported. Of the 50 @entity1 with @entity1911 who have undergone surgery, 32 underwent treatment within the last 5 years (when DA assay has been available). One half of these @entity1 (15/32) exhibited DA secretion either in mixed @entity2661 (12 @entity1 ) or exclusively (three @entity1 ). All three @entity1 with exclusive DA-secreting @entity5 were normotensive. Without @entity101 , the clinical investigation was a diagnostic challenge (unexplained cough or @entity812 with inflammatory features). All three @entity5 were malignant and two were ectopic. Five of the 12 @entity1 with mixed @entity2922 -secreting @entity5 whose secretions included DA were @entity101 . Five other @entity1 had @entity812 and one had an unexplained cough. @entity5 were rather large, and three of the @entity5 with mixed secretion were ectopic. Of the 12 @entity1 , seven had @entity5 that were judged to be malignant. Three @entity1 exhibited a dramatic decrease in blood pressure under alpha-blockade, which was not used in subsequent cases. Predominant or exclusive secretion of DA would explain the lack of @entity101 due to its antiadrenergic action that inhibits the vasoconstrictive effects of other @entity4478 . @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity1911 might depend on the ratio of DA/ @entity1063 + @entity1425 .

title: XXXX -secreting @entity1911 : an unrecognized entity? Classification of @entity1911 according to their type of secretion.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank mass']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify disability, handicap and quality of life questionnaires available for @entity1 with @entity73 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically reviewed the literature in Medline using the keywords assessment, evaluation, @entity717 , disadvantage, handicap, quality of life, scale, index, questionnaire, ICIDH-1, and ICIDH-2, combined with the @entity73 dysexecutive @entity2414 , @entity71 , neglect, @entity1742 , @entity2026 , @entity1054 and @entity1316 . We focused on validated scales and distinguished scales dedicated to assess disability, handicap and quality of life. RESULTS: At the level of disability, global and specific scales are available. Specific scales exist for dysexecutive @entity2414 , @entity71 , unilateral neglect, @entity2026 and @entity1316 . French adaptations of foreign language tests and original tests developed in French have been validated in these areas. No specific tool is available for @entity1742 or @entity1054 . Generic scales and pathology-specific scales (for @entity64 , @entity131 , and @entity15 ) are available for quality of life. For @entity2026 , specific tools are available for incapacity handicap and quality of life. CONCLUSION: Previous results show the impact of the ICIDH-1 framework on functional outcome assessment of @entity73 . This approach is often limited by the lack of theoretical background and by the difficulty to assess the involvement of environment and anosognosia.

title: [Assessment of disability and quality of life in XXXX with @entity73 ].

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficits']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency, disability']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome, memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['apraxia', 'isolated apraxia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) plays an important role in the inhibition of @entity158 . Although this region receives afferents from several areas of the brain, the afferent input from the periaqueductal gray (PAG) has been shown to have significant physiological importance. Together, these two sites constitute the major component of a descending network involved in @entity158 inhibition. In this study the role of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) in the function of the NRM was investigated and the possibility that @entity1617 may be a transmitter between the PAG and the NRM was tested. @entity1617 was applied iontophoretically. @entity5591 and @entity9563 were used to test the type of cholinergic receptors that are present in the NRM. The results of this study shows the following. (1) The majority of the cells in the NRM are excited by @entity1617 . (2) This response to @entity1617 is partially or totally blocked by @entity5591 whereas @entity9563 does not block the response. (3) There is no correlation between the excitatory response to stimulation of PAG and to @entity1617 . There are cells that respond to PAG stimulation by inhibition but are excited by @entity1617 and there are a few cells that are inhibited by @entity1617 but are excited by PAG stimulation. (4) @entity5591 , at a dose that blocks the @entity1617 response, does not block the response to PAG stimulation. (5) There is no correlation between the response to @entity1617 and the type of projection (direct or indirect) to the spinal cord, as tested by stimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus. From these results it is concluded that @entity1617 is an excitatory transmitter at the NRM region but this transmitter does not mediate the interaction between the PAG and NRM.

title: The role of XXXX in the function of the nucleus raphe magnus and in the interaction of this nucleus with the periaqueductal gray.

entities_list: @entity9563 :: ('MESH:D005703', 'Chemical') :: ['gallamine']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['Scopolamine', 'scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Proliferation and migration of keratinocytes are essential for the repair of cutaneous wounds. @entity16331 . has been used in Asian medicine; however, research on keratinocytes is inadequate. OBJECTIVE: To establish the dermatological properties of absolute from @entity16331 . flower (HSF) and to provide fundamental research for alternative medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified the composition of HSF absolute using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. We also examined the effect of HSF absolute in HaCaT cells using the XTT assay, Boyden chamber assay, sprout-out growth assay, and western blotting. We conducted an in-vivo wound healing assay in @entity35 tail-skin. RESULTS: Ten major active compounds were identified from HSF absolute. As determined by the XTT assay, Boyden chamber assay, and sprout-out growth assay results, HSF absolute exhibited similar effects as that of epidermal growth factor on the proliferation and migration patterns of keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), which were significantly increased after HSF absolute treatment. The expression levels of the phosphorylated signaling proteins relevant to proliferation, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 ( @entity10861 ) and @entity2308 , were also determined by western blot analysis. CONCLUSION: These results of our in-vitro and ex-vivo studies indicate that HSF absolute induced cell growth and migration of HaCaT cells by phosphorylating both @entity10861 and @entity2308 . Moreover, we confirmed the wound-healing effect of HSF on injury of the @entity35 tail-skin. Therefore, our results suggest that HSF absolute is promising for use in cosmetics and alternative medicine. SUMMARY: Hisbiscus syriacus L. flower absolute increases HaCaT cell migration and proliferation.Hisbiscus syriacus L. flower absolute regulates phosphorylation of @entity2508 and @entity2308 in HaCaT cell.Treatment with Hisbiscus syriacus L. flower induced sprout outgrowth.The wound in the tail-skin of @entity35 was reduced by Hisbiscus syriacus L. flower absolute Abbreviations used: HSF: @entity16331 . flower, @entity10861 : extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, EGF: epidermal growth factor, GC/MS: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, DMEM: dulbecco's modified eagle medium, FBS: fetal bovine serum, BSA: bovine serum albumin, p- @entity2308 : phosphorylation of @entity2308 , p- @entity10861 : phosphorylation of @entity10861 .

title: Effect of Absolute From XXXX . Flower on Wound Healing in Keratinocytes.

entities_list: @entity16331 :: ('106335', 'Species') :: ['Hibiscus syriacus L']

answer: @entity16331 :: (106335,Species) :: ['Hibiscus syriacus L']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6685 Background: Although most @entity1 diagnosed with @entity784 , nasal type (ENNKTL) have @entity66 , radiation therapy alone is not satisfactory because of frequent systemic failure. Also, when compared with @entity1892 , ENNKTL have poor response to conventional @entity632 -based chemotherapy. Therefore, more effective chemotherapeutic regimens are required. METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed ENNKTL were included. All @entity1 received IMEP chemotherapy as first-line treatment ( @entity1260 1.5 g/m(2) i.v. with @entity9614 supplement on days 1-3; @entity1499 30 mg/m(2) i.v. push on days 3 and 10; @entity2879 100 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1-3; and @entity229 120 mg p.o. on days 1-5). Radiation therapy was used only in @entity1 of Ann Arbor stage I or II developing local failure. RESULTS: Since June 2001, 21 ENNKTL @entity1 were enrolled. Of these @entity1 , 15 @entity1 had nasal localization (Ann Arbor stage I or II) and 6 @entity1 had extranasal or disseminated disease. Median follow-up duration was 9.9 (3.5   30.0) months. Overall complete remission (CR) rate was 66.7%. Among @entity1 with nasal localization (stage I or II), 11 had CR (84.6%). Of these @entity1 with CR, 3 @entity1 (27.3%) developed recurrence, but this was successfully controlled with additional radiotherapy. However, @entity1 with extranasal or disseminated disease had poor response (CR: 20.0%). CONCLUSIONS: IMEP regimen in @entity1 with ENNKTL was effective as first-line therapy, especially in the cases with nasal localization. [Figure: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Efficacy of @entity1260 , @entity1499 , XXXX and @entity229 (IMEP) chemotherapy in @entity784 , nasal type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine interobserver variability of echocardiographic characteristics of @entity47 in @entity1 with @entity884 , and (2) to assess the value of these vegetation characteristics in predicting @entity887 . Although echocardiography contributes to the diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity884 , its prognostic role in predicting @entity887 is controversial. The echocardiograms of 41 @entity1 with @entity884 were independently reviewed by 4 echocardiographers blinded to the clinical data. If a vegetation was present, the following characteristics were analyzed: involved site, size, mobility, shape, and pedunculated or sessile attachment. Each echocardiographer also made a "gestalt" estimate of embolic risk based on these vegetation characteristics. Interobserver agreement on vegetation characteristics and their relation to @entity887 was then determined using kappa statistics and logistic regression analysis. Interobserver agreement was 98% with regard to echocardiographic vegetation presence and 97% with regard to the involved site. Of the 30 @entity1 in whom @entity47 were observed, complete observer agreement was achieved with regard to size in 22 (73%), mobility in 17 (57%), shape in 11 (37%), and attachment in 12 (40%). Vegetations with a maximal diameter of > 10 mm were associated with a 50% incidence of @entity887 , compared with a 42% incidence of emboli in @entity1 with @entity47 measuring < or = 10 mm. Interobserver variability was great with respect to vegetation shape, mobility, and attachment characteristics. Echocardiographic vegetation characteristics were not helpful in defining the risk of @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity884 .

title: Value of transthoracic echocardiography in predicting @entity887 in active @entity884 . XXXX Service.

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetations']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events', 'embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Duke Endocarditis']


abstract: The rates of expected serious adverse events in @entity1 with @entity3052 on chemotherapy far exceed those in @entity1 with solid @entity5 . Regulatory authorities require similar reporting criteria, which overburden the investigators and infrastructure with unnecessary documentation. To establish a baseline for expected @entity137 before and during @entity1778 therapy, we reviewed 1534 adults with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ; excluding @entity2799 ) from 1990 to 2006 who received frontline intensive chemotherapy; 723 (47%) were 60 years or older. Prior to therapy, grade 3/4 cytopenias were observed in 86% of @entity1 . All @entity1 developed one or more grade 3/4 cytopenias during therapy, and more than 90% had a febrile episode. Admission to the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, and dialysis were required in 28%, 16%, and 7%, respectively. Mortality during induction, 2-week mortality, and 6-week mortality were 20%, 5%, and 16%, respectively. Grade 3/4 renal or hepatic @entity137 were observed in 3% and 22% of @entity1 , respectively. Other grade 3 or 4 @entity137 were also common before treatment and during therapy. This paper establishes a baseline @entity137 rate for @entity1 with @entity3052 during induction therapy, and this could be used as a control group for future reference. Guidelines for reporting adverse events in @entity1778 studies should be revisited.

title: Establishment of baseline XXXX expectations with standard frontline chemotherapy in @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML', 'acute leukemia']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: If @entity1141 is found on biopsies during surveillance colonoscopy for @entity31 ( @entity31 ), many experts recommend colectomy given the substantial risk of synchronous @entity694 . The objective was to learn if @entity31 @entity1 ' perceptions of their @entity694 risk and if their preferences for elective colectomy match with physicians' recommendations if @entity1141 was found. METHODS: A self-administered written survey included 199 @entity1 with @entity31 for at least 8 years (mean age 49 years, 52% female) who were recruited from Dartmouth-Hitchcock (n = 104) and the University of Chicago (n = 95). The main outcome was the proportion of @entity1 who disagree with physicians' recommendations for colectomy because of @entity1141 . RESULTS: Almost all respondents recognized that @entity31 raised their chance of getting @entity694 . In all, 74% thought it was "unlikely" or "very unlikely" to get @entity694 within the next 10 years and they quantified this risk to be 23%; 60% of @entity1 would refuse a physician's recommendation for elective colectomy if @entity1141 was detected, despite being told that they had a 20% risk of having @entity5 now. On average, these @entity1 would only agree to colectomy if their risk of @entity694 "right now" were at least 73%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity31 @entity1 recognize their increased risk of @entity694 and undergo frequent surveillance to reduce their risk. Nonetheless, few seem prepared to follow standard recommendations for elective colectomy if @entity1141 is found. This may reflect the belief that surveillance alone is sufficient to reduce their @entity694 risk or genuine disagreement about when it is worth undergoing colectomy.

title: When should @entity31 XXXX undergo colectomy for @entity1141 ? Mismatch between @entity1 preferences and physician recommendations.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Old age is frequently associated with a poorer functional outcome after @entity2445 . This might be based upon @entity16 resulting from surgical @entity130 . Minimally invasive approaches have been widely promoted on the basis of the muscle sparing effect. The aim of the study was to evaluate of the functional outcome and the grade of fatty @entity2057 of the gluteus medius muscle by magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) in @entity1 undergoing minimally invasive or traditional THA. Forty @entity1 (21 female, 19 male) underwent THA either via a modified direct lateral (mDL) or a minimally invasive anterolateral (ALMI) approach. @entity1 were evaluated clinically and by MRI in terms of age (< or >= 70  y) preoperatively and at three and 12  months postoperatively. The Harris hip score and Trendelenburg's sign were recorded and a survey of a @entity158 (using a numeric rating scale of 0-10) and satisfaction score (using a numeric rating scale of 1-6) was performed. @entity194 ( @entity194 ) of gluteus medius muscle was rated by means of a five-point rating scale (0 indicates no fat and 4 implies more fat than muscle). Younger @entity1 reached a significantly higher Harris hip score, lower @entity158 score and lower rate of positive Trendelenburg's sign accompanied by a significantly lower rate of postoperative @entity194 (P   =   0.03; young: @entity194 (MW)   =   (preop. / 3 / 12  months), 0.15 / 0.7 / 0.7; old: @entity194 (MW)   =   0.18 / 1.3 / 1.36). Older @entity1 with an mDL-approach had the significantly lowest clinical scores, the highest rate of positive Trendelenburg's sign and also the highest rate of @entity194 (P   =   0.03; @entity194 (old) mDL: 1.8; ALMI: 0.7). Interestingly, no influence of the approach could be detected within the younger group. @entity1 older than 70  years had a poorer functional outcome and a higher postoperative extent of @entity194 when compared to younger @entity1 , which must be based upon a higher vulnerability and a reduced regenerative capacity of their skeletal muscle. Through a minimally invasive approach the @entity121 in older @entity1 can be effectively reduced and thus the functional outcome significantly improved. Incision and @entity121 should be strictly avoided.

title: Age-related appearance of @entity121 in primary total hip arthroplasty and the benefit of a minimally invasive approach for XXXX older than 70  years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['muscular damage']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['FA', 'Fatty atrophy', 'fatty atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle trauma', 'detachment of tendons and muscles']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ) regulates the expression of @entity4921 ( @entity4921 ) in @entity35 primary hepatocytes in response to xenobiotics. @entity2367 , a lipid signaling molecule, is involved in various physiological processes and can be generated by the hydrolysis of @entity4291 via sphingomyelinase (SMase). @entity4601 activates SMase and increases @entity2367 formation in vitro. Ceramides differentially enhance adenylyl cyclase activity in vitro depending on the chain length of their @entity1718 . In addition, the @entity268 -dependent PKA pathway down-regulates @entity4921 expression induced by @entity109 (PB). In the present study, we determined the effect of @entity4601 on SMase transactivation and the downstream pathway in @entity4921 expression induced by PB. SMase was activated by @entity4601 2 h after treatment, and D609 (an SMase inhibitor) attenuated the inhibition of PB-induced @entity4921 expression by @entity4601 . @entity2367 formation reached a maximum 3 h after @entity4601 administration. @entity20283 dose-dependently inhibited PB-induced @entity4921 expression and increased intracellular @entity268 concentrations. @entity15404 (an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor) and H89 (a PKA-specific inhibitor) partially reversed the inhibition of PB-induced @entity4921 expression by @entity20283 . These results suggest that stimulation of SMase, generation of @entity2367 and activation of the @entity268 -dependent PKA pathway are involved in the inhibition exerted by @entity4601 .

title: @entity4600 down-regulates XXXX -induced @entity4921 gene expression in @entity35 primary hepatocytes via the sphingomyelinase/ @entity2367 pathway.

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['Docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide', 'Ceramide']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity109 :: (MESH:D010634,Chemical) :: ['phenobarbital']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the capabilities of Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis to colonize the grade 4 @entity702 coupons (modSLA) used in dental implants. The effect of @entity869 , which is known to be a poorly penetrating agent in the matrix biofilm, was also compared to planktonic and sessile cells. The modSLA colonization by bacteria in KNO3 (0.05 mole l(-1) ) and culture media (DSM 63 and fetal bovine serum) was determined by direct cell counts and field emission electronic microscopy. The surface of @entity702 (Ti) coupons was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and by Raman spectroscopy. Cells, mainly located in surface pores of modSLA coupons, appeared to be wrapped in a polymeric-like structure. The initial apparent rates of adhesion varied from 5*10(5) to 5*10(6) cells cm(-2) h(-1) and a plateau was reached at one day, regardless of the incubation medium. No cells have significantly adhered to polished Ti, and a minority was found on massive Ti. Finally, cells trapped on the modSLA surface were not lysed by @entity869 contrary to planktonic cells. D. fairfieldensis are therefore able to colonize the rough surface of modSLA implant through a physical trapping in the micro-porosity of the surface, where they can produce a biofilm-like structure in order to improve their resistance to @entity869 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Evaluation of a biofilm formation by Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis on XXXX implants.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The frozen @entity7105 trunk (FET) technique enables combined aortic arch and descending aortic repair. We report our experience with a modified arch replacement technique by rerouting of the left subclavian artery (LSA) and fixation of the FET in Zone 2 or proximally under selective perfusion of all three arch arteries and the downstream aorta. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2005 to December 2014, 78 of 173 @entity1 operated with the FET technique underwent rerouting of the LSA. Rerouting was performed as aortic-subclavian, aorto-axillary or carotid-subclavia bypass. Hypothermic selective antegrade cerebral perfusion was established for cerebral protection. A separate cardiopulmonary bypass circuit was added for selective LSA and downstream aorta perfusion during the arch repair. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality, @entity64 and @entity451 rates were 10%, 8% and 2.5%, respectively. LSA rerouting enabled total arch repair in <60 minutes of selective cerebral perfusion (mean 56    15). No recurrent @entity129 occurred. The selective perfusion of the downstream aorta led to the reduction of the distal hypothermic circulatory arrest time close to 30 minutes (p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION: LSA rerouting facilitates arch aortic repair by FET surgery. The selective perfusion of all arch arteries and the downstream aorta during open arch repair reduces the ischemic times and may improve organ protection.

title: Left subclavian artery rerouting and selective perfusion management in frozen XXXX trunk surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the intracellular and peritumoral expression of matrix proteins in @entity957 of the uterine cervix using immunohistochemistry. METHODS: 71 @entity957 and 10 controls were stained for laminin, fibronectin, and collagen IV. Cytoplasmic staining in @entity5 cells and peritumoral deposition of matrix proteins were evaluated. The association between staining results and @entity1 age, @entity5 stage, histological grade, and survival was studied. RESULTS: Positive cytoplasmic staining for laminin, fibronectin, and collagen IV was observed in 17 (23.9%), 27 (38%), and 10 (14.1%) cases, respectively. Staining for laminin was most pronounced in the invasive front of @entity5 islands, while for fibronectin and collagen IV it appeared to be diffuse. Peritumoral staining for laminin and collagen IV was detected in 12 cases (16.9%). Early stage (Ia1-Ia2) @entity5 were uniformly negative for all three proteins. Cytoplasmic staining for laminin correlated with positive staining for fibronectin and collagen IV, and with the presence of a peritumoral deposition of collagen IV and laminin. There was no correlation with any of the three markers between staining results and @entity1 age, stage, grade, or survival. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of extracellular matrix proteins in some cervical @entity957 might reflect the enhanced ability of these @entity5 to modify the peritumoral stroma. This ability seems to be absent in early stage @entity5 . The correlation between intracytoplasmic and peritumoral expression of matrix proteins supports the evidence of their synthesis by @entity5 cells. However, this property did not correlate with disease outcome in this study.

title: Expression of extracellular matrix proteins in XXXX --a clinicopathological study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['cervical squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1510 per se causes no @entity158 in normal @entity1 , indicating that opioidergic antinociceptive systems are not tonically active, but this might not be the case in @entity1118 conditions. The present investigation tested the hypothesis that @entity158 in @entity2794 is the result of insufficiently @entity536 . Forty-seven @entity1 suffering from chronic @entity2701 entered the present double-blind cross-over trial of @entity1510 4 mg i.v. versus saline. Adverse effects were negligible. @entity1 scored @entity158 on a 100 mm visual analog scale and change in @entity10 on a 5-point verbal rating scale after 5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 min. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased 4.2 mm Hg (P less than 0.05) after @entity1510 compared to saline, but @entity1510 had no effect on @entity10 (P = 0.96). A bimodal distribution of acute @entity158 @entity1 into placebo responders and non-responders has been reported, but our @entity1118 @entity1 showed a homogeneous placebo response. Review of the literature indicates that acute clinical @entity158 and stimulation-induced @entity1337 in experimental @entity158 has a @entity1510 -responsive component. @entity1118 does not appear to be influenced by @entity1510 in moderate doses.

title: @entity1510 in moderate dose does not aggravate chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated nociceptive impulses']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headache']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'headache pain']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension headache']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prior studies have shown a bidirectional association between @entity308 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ); however, the prospective associations of anger and @entity148 with @entity6 have not been established. We hypothesized that trait anger and @entity148 would predict incident @entity6 , independently of @entity308 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In the Multi-ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA), we prospectively examined the association of trait anger and trait @entity148 (assessed via the Spielberger Trait Anger and Anxiety Scales, respectively) with incident @entity6 over 11.4 years in 5598 White, Black, Hispanic, and Chinese @entity1 (53.2% @entity1 , mean age 61.6 years) at baseline without prevalent @entity65 . We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) of incident @entity6 by previously defined anger category (low, moderate, high), and @entity148 quartile, as there were no previously defined categories. RESULTS: High total trait anger was associated with incident @entity6 (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.08-2.07) relative to low total trait anger. The association was attenuated following adjustment for waist circumference (HR 1.32; 95% CI 0.94-1.86). Higher anger reaction was also associated with incident @entity6 (HR=1.07; 95% CI 1.03-1.11) that remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders/explanatory factors. In contrast, trait @entity148 did not predict incident @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: High total trait anger and anger reaction are potential modifiable risk factors for @entity6 . Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of the @entity6 and to develop preventive interventions.

title: Trait anger but not @entity148 predicts incident type 2 diabetes: The Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX (MESA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['anger-diabetes relationship', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM or cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microarray technology has been previously used to identify genes that are differentially expressed between @entity5 and normal samples in a single study, as well as in syntheses involving multiple studies. When integrating results from several Affymetrix microarray datasets, previous studies summarized probeset-level data, which may potentially lead to a loss of information available at the probe-level. In this paper, we present an approach for integrating results across studies while taking probe-level data into account. Additionally, we follow a new direction in the analysis of microarray expression data, namely to focus on the variation of expression phenotypes in predefined gene sets, such as pathways. This targeted approach can be helpful for revealing information that is not easily visible from the changes in the individual genes. RESULTS: We used a recently developed method to integrate Affymetrix expression data across studies. The idea is based on a probe-level based test statistic developed for testing for differentially expressed genes in individual studies. We incorporated this test statistic into a classic random-effects model for integrating data across studies. Subsequently, we used a gene set enrichment test to evaluate the significance of enriched biological pathways in the differentially expressed genes identified from the integrative analysis. We compared statistical and biological significance of the prognostic gene expression signatures and pathways identified in the probe-level model (PLM) with those in the probeset-level model (PSLM). Our integrative analysis of Affymetrix microarray data from 110 @entity263 samples obtained from three studies reveals thousands of genes significantly correlated with @entity5 cell differentiation. The bioinformatics analysis, mapping these genes to the publicly available KEGG database, reveals evidence that @entity5 cell differentiation is significantly associated with many biological pathways. In particular, we observed that by integrating information from the insulin signalling pathway into our prediction model, we achieved better prediction of @entity263 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data integration methodology provides an efficient way to identify biologically sound and statistically significant pathways from gene expression data. The significant gene expression phenotypes identified in our study have the potential to characterize complex genetic alterations in @entity263 .

title: Integrative analysis of gene expression data including an assessment of pathway enrichment for predicting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Safety and treatment patterns of @entity2240 and @entity2857 in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) had been previously reported using retrospective chart review of @entity1 treated in US tertiary centers. Because practice patterns may vary between hospital- and office-based settings, this study examined safety and treatment patterns of these agents in US community oncology clinics. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 250 @entity1 with @entity1358 treated at 18 community oncology clinics. Eligible @entity1 were >= 18 years old and received >= 1 prescription for @entity2240 (n = 131) or @entity2857 (n = 119) as first-line anti-angiogenic treatment. Rates of adverse events (AEs) and treatment modifications were analyzed; reasons for treatment modifications were examined. Median duration of first-line @entity2240 and @entity2857 treatment was 5.9 and 5.5 months, respectively. Among @entity1 treated with @entity2240 and @entity2857 , 86% (30%) and 87% (28%), respectively, experienced >= 1 all-grade (grade 3/4) AE. The most common AEs were @entity1295 /weakness in @entity2240 (all-grade: 42%; grade 3/4: 5%) and @entity1910 in @entity2857 (all-grade: 35%; grade 3/4: 6%). Sixty-two and 64% of @entity1 treated with @entity2240 and @entity2857 , respectively, had >= 1 treatment modification due to AEs. Recorded AE rates in @entity1 with @entity1358 treated with angiogenesis inhibitors in community practice tended to be lower than in tertiary centers, possibly due to shorter treatment duration. Rates of treatment modifications due to AEs tended to be higher in community practice. This study provides evidence from an office-based setting of unmet need for agents that may provide improved tolerability in @entity1358 .

title: Safety and treatment patterns of angiogenesis inhibitors in @entity1 with XXXX : evidence from US community oncology clinics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['mRCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECT: To evaluate long-term outcomes of @entity1 who have undergone stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernous @entity50 , the authors retrospectively reviewed their 14-year experience with these cases. METHODS: One hundred seventy-six @entity1 @entity1653 centered within the cavernous sinus. Seventeen @entity1 were lost to follow-up review, leaving 159 analyzable @entity1 , in whom 164 procedures were performed. Seventy-six @entity1 (48%) underwent adjuvant radiosurgery after one or more attempts at surgical resection. Eighty-three @entity1 (52%) underwent primary radiosurgery. Two @entity1 (1%) had previously received fractionated external-beam radiation therapy. Four @entity1 (2%) harbored histologically verified atypical or @entity5 . Conformal multiple isocenter gamma knife surgery was performed. The median dose applied to the @entity5 margin was 13 Gy. Neurological status improved in 46 @entity1 (29%), remained stable in 99 (62%), and eventually worsened in 14 (9%). Adverse effects of radiation occurred after 11 procedures (6.7%). @entity5 volumes decreased in 54 @entity1 (34%), remained stable in 96 (60%), and increased in nine (6%). The @entity5 control rate for @entity1 with typical @entity1653 was 93.1 +/- 3.3% at both 5 and 10 years. For the 83 @entity1 who underwent radiosurgery as their sole treatment, the @entity5 control rate at 5 years was 96.9 +/- 3%. CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic radiosurgery provided safe and effective management of cavernous @entity50 . We believe it is the preferred management strategy for @entity5 of suitable volume (average @entity5 diameter < or = 3 cm or volume < or = 15 cm3).

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery providing long-term XXXX control of cavernous @entity50 .

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['harbored meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant meningiomas', 'tumor', 'actuarial tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 238 Background: Safety reporting is imperative because it provides an opportunity to identify and address preventable errors to enhance @entity1 safety. Pharmacists at the Massachusetts General Hospital @entity5 center have historically submitted the highest number of safety reports compared to clinicians/nursing. This past year, however, there was a decline in the number of reports submitted. Because pharmacists are in a key position to monitor @entity1 safety, this study was conducted to characterize safety reports submitted by pharmacists and describe subsequent action plans. Additionally, pharmacists' attitudes towards safety reporting were assessed and obstacles identified. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of medication safety reports submitted by outpatient staff over the past 4 years was conducted. Data were obtained from institutional safety reporting system. Pharmacy procedures and education materials were compared against safety reports. Pharmacists' attitudes were assessed using online survey adapted from the AHRQ. RESULTS: Pharmacists consistently submitted more safety reports compared to other disciplines. However, safety reporting declined from a mean of 61 reports annually to 40 in 2013. The majority of reported events involved prescribing errors, followed by orders submitted to pharmacy without meeting treatment criteria. Actions plans included: protocol checklists, staff education and updating order sets. The majority of pharmacists surveyed agreed/strongly agreed that the practice is actively doing things to improve @entity1 safety and mistakes have led to positive changes. When an event is reported, almost 50% of pharmacists indicated infusion unit staff perceive the @entity1 is being written up, not the problem. Common barriers to reporting were time constraints, nurses taking reports personally and not knowing which events warrant reporting. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists at our institution play an integral role in safety reporting which is essential to provide quality @entity1 care and enhance @entity1 safety. Obstacles identified in this study may have contributed to the recent decline in reporting. Opportunities exist to reinforce non-punitive nature of safety reporting.

title: Evaluating oncology pharmacist safety reporting in an outpatient XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Management of @entity5253 depends on an accurate diagnosis, identification and elimination of predisposing factors, and, often, use of antifungal agents. @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is considered a @entity75 of the oral mucosa, occurring as speckled or homogeneous white lesions. If the lesions are untreated, a minor proportion may become @entity6349 and progress to @entity189 . The traditional treatment of this lesion is based on the use of antifungal agents. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of 0.18% @entity10211 for treatment of @entity8701 -resistant candidiasis. @entity10211 was administered topically twice a day for one month to six @entity1 affected by @entity8701 -resistant @entity102 . In all six patients, daily antimycotic topical therapy with @entity8701 for 30 days had failed to resolve the @entity3136 . After one month of @entity10211 treatment, five of the six @entity1 were negative for Candida, whereas in untreated control @entity1 the situation was unchanged. Only one @entity1 with suspected @entity10632 was found to have @entity6923 15 days after the last administration of @entity10211 . None of the @entity1 had any complaints about the medication. These findings suggest that 0.18% @entity10211 applied twice a day for one month is able to suppress @entity8701 -resistant candidiasis.

title: @entity102 : a pilot study of the efficacy of 0.18% XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['candidal stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['oral Candida']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CHC', 'Chronic hyperplastic candidosis']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin', 'Isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ['sicca syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['nystatin']

answer: @entity10211 :: (MESH:D015474,Chemical) :: ['isotretinoin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 95 Background: Advances in surgery and post-operative treatment continue to reduce the incidence of late effects of @entity5 treatment such as @entity4269 . Yet, many @entity0 survivors still face considerable post-operative challenges as a result of developing @entity4269 . The purpose of this study was to preliminarily evaluate an educational and behavioral program "The Optimal YOU" to enhance @entity4269 risk reduction among @entity1 with @entity0 . The intervention focuses on preventing @entity32 , promoting lymph drainage, and maintaining optimal BMI as well as preoperative and subsequent follow-up assessment of limb volume changes and symptoms. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with repeated-measures was used to assess outcomes of The Optimal YOU program at pre-operative baseline, post-operative, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up. A total of 147 @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity0 were recruited and received the program. The program outcome data include lymph volume changes by infra-red perometer-S350, @entity4269 -related symptoms by Lymphedema Symptom Experience Index, and body mass index (BMI) by Bioimpedance DF50. RESULTS: Among the 147 @entity1 , 141 @entity1 completed the study (4% attrition rate). Majority (94%) of @entity1 maintained preoperative limb volume and improved their symptom experience at 12-month follow-up. During the 12-month study period, only five @entity1 (6%) developed @entity4269 and were referred for @entity4269 treatment. At 12-month follow-up, among the five @entity1 who developed measurable @entity4269 , two @entity1 ' limb volume returned to pre-operative level without compression therapy only by maintaining exercises of The Optimal YOU to promote daily lymph flow. About 80% of @entity1 maintained or improved their preoperative BMI. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that proactive approach to implementing The Optimal YOU program is effective to risk reduction and early detection of @entity0 -related @entity4269 by focusing on preventing @entity32 , promoting lymph drainage, and maintaining optimal BMI.

title: Proactive approach to risk reduction and early detection of @entity0 -related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation-infection']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['lymphedema']


abstract: @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) is prevalent worldwide and often has mental health sequelae. The aims of this study were (a) to describe the prevalence and the nature of @entity1005 symptoms among Indian @entity1 reporting @entity1004 , (b) to study the relationship between symptoms of @entity1005 and @entity308 , and (c) to examine the relationship between @entity458 and @entity1005 symptoms. Consecutive @entity1 (n = 105) presenting to an adult psychiatry outpatient unit of National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences in South India were recruited. These @entity1 were assessed for @entity1004 , @entity458 , @entity1005 symptoms, and @entity308 . Fifty-nine @entity1 (56%) reported a history of @entity1004 , of whom 41 (70%) also reported @entity458 . Among @entity1 reporting @entity1004 , seven (14%) exceeded cut-off scores for @entity1005 and twelve (20%) exceeded cut-off scores for sub-threshold @entity1005 . The majority of those reporting @entity1004 exceeded cut-off scores for a @entity308 . Compared to @entity1 without a history of @entity1004 , @entity1 reporting @entity1004 had higher scores on @entity1005 and @entity308 . Severity of violence and @entity458 correlated positively (r = 0.39) with @entity1005 severity. The findings highlight the importance of screening @entity1 for @entity1004 and its sequelae, in mental health settings.

title: XXXX reporting intimate partner violence in India: associations with @entity1005 and @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['Intimate Partner Violence', 'IPV']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual coercion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is an important risk factor for @entity64 , but whether there is differential gender-specific risk has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to explore the impact of gender on incidence and relative risks of @entity548 and @entity385 among the @entity6 population in Taiwan. METHODS: In this study, 500,868 @entity6 @entity1 and 500,248 age matched and-sex-matched nondiabetic individuals were linked to inpatient claims (1997-2002) to identify hospitalizations for nontraumatic @entity548 and @entity385 . Incidence density was calculated with the Poisson assumption, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess the cumulative incidence over a 6-year follow-up period. We also evaluated the relative hazards of @entity64 in relation to @entity6 with the Cox proportional hazard model, adjusted with demographics and geographic regions. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity64 in @entity6 @entity1 was less than that in @entity6 @entity1 except in those aged > or =85, but the difference between male and female @entity6 @entity1 was less pronounced with @entity385 . The hazard ratios (HRs) of @entity548 and @entity385 among @entity6 @entity1 were increased by a magnitude of 1.2 and 1.32, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of @entity6 @entity1 . Further age-stratified analysis indicated that young and middle-aged @entity6 @entity1 tended to have higher HRs and that @entity6 @entity1 aged <35 suffered from particularly high HRs (HR 7.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81-32.75 for @entity64 , and HR = 8.46, 95% CI 4.28-16.75 for @entity385 ). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant gender- @entity6 interactive effect on the incidence of @entity548 and @entity385 . Additionally, young Taiwanese @entity6 @entity1 were most vulnerable to an increased relative risk of @entity548 and @entity385 . Comprehensive @entity6 care with @entity64 prevention measures should be emphasized in young @entity6 @entity1 in order to prevent @entity717 .

title: Sex differences in the incidence of @entity548 and XXXX among diabetics in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['premature disability']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Enterococcus cecorum is the most frequently occurring enterococcal species in the intestine of @entity1573 of over 12 weeks of age, and there are few reports on its isolation from the skeleton of broiler parent chicks. In the present study, observations on @entity4034 and spondylolisthesis (' @entity615 ') showing high incidence in 8 broiler parent flocks in different parts of Hungary are summarised. Clinical signs were seen only in roosters between 5 and 13 weeks of age. Diseased birds were alert and remained sitting on their hocks with their feet slightly raised off the ground. Incidence of the disease among male birds ranged from 8% to 30% depending on flocks. Enlargement and distortion of the body of the 6th vertebra were seen as the main pathological lesions. The cavity of the spinal canal was constricted by the distorted vertebral bodies. Resorption of bone tissue and sequestrum formation, signs of increased osteoclast activity, proliferation of fibrotic tissues, infiltration with heterophils and formation of @entity655 were detected in the vertebral bodies. From all 24 samples collected from the @entity75 , Enterococcus cecorum was isolated and identified using metabolic fingerprinting as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Demonstration of E. cecorum from the @entity75 in all examined broiler breeder roosters showing the same clinical and pathological findings in different flocks suggested the pathogenic role of this microorganism for the first time in Hungary.

title: Association of Enterococcus cecorum with XXXX and spondylolisthesis in broiler parent chicks.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['kinky back syndrome']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic layers']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['vertebral osteomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1085 emptying is implicated in @entity5990 . Ultrasonography and scintigraphy have shown conflicting results because the former is influenced by postprandial refilling, whereas the latter is not influenced by refilling. The aim of this study was to measure postprandial refilling and turnover of bile by combining the two techniques. METHODS: Simultaneous scintigraphy and ultrasonography were used in 14 @entity1 with @entity5990 and 11 healthy controls. Measurements were performed while the @entity1 were fasting and at 10-minute intervals after a standard meal for 90 minutes, and the measurements were used to calculate postprandial refilling, turnover of bile (in milliliters), and turnover index. RESULTS: Ultrasonography and scintigraphy provided different gallbladder emptying patterns. Compared with controls, @entity1 with @entity5990 had impaired emptying by both scintigraphy (P < 0.0001) and ultrasonography (P < 0.01). Postprandial refilling and turnover were both reduced between 60 and 90 minutes (P < 0.05), and the turnover index was markedly reduced (1.8 vs. 3.5; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous scintigraphy and ultrasonography provide a new model of gallbladder motor function showing that refilling begins immediately postprandially. In healthy controls, the gallbladder postprandially handles up to six times its basal volume within a period of 90 minutes, but this turnover of bile is markedly reduced in @entity2963 causing a reduced washout effect of the gallbladder contents, including @entity165 crystals.

title: XXXX motor function: refilling and turnover of bile in health and in @entity2963 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones', 'gallstone disease']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['Postprandial gallbladder']


abstract: This paper represent one of the important index of gingival color to various conditions. Generally the gingival color is very difficult problem to measure, so experimental @entity2522 has to be treated by special technique such as Discriminant Analysis in spectrum pattern analysing. On measuring gingiva, Standard Measuring System is used in our department. Tissue Spectrum Analyzer TS-200 is used for measuring gingival color and spectrum pattern. Spectrum patterns are classified by its strength into three categories, that is Normal, Slightly- @entity2194 and @entity2194 . Discriminant Analysis and Graph Analysis (Constellation Graph) showed each group of property. The following results were obtained; Spectrum patterns have two peaks, that is 542 nm and 577 nm. With @entity2522 change on three steps, that is Normal, Slightly- @entity2194 and @entity2194 , spectrum powers and difference of absorption in spectrum degrees and brightness is down. With @entity2522 change, the Z1 value was obtained by Discriminant Analysis and showed a tendency to sign change from minus to plus. In the result of Discriminant Analysis distinction rate is 97.4% in N Group, 98.5% in SR Group and 100% in R Group. Constellation Graph represented each group of property clearly.

title: [Extraction and classification of features of experimental XXXX . Discriminant analysis of TS 200 data sequences].

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingivitis']


abstract: Liver cell death induced by stresses such as @entity63 -reperfusion, @entity1448 and @entity137 can trigger a sterile inflammatory response with activation of innate immune cells through release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). A similar inflammatory response can be induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as endotoxin. Both DAMPs and PAMPs activate through toll-like receptors the resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and recruit activated neutrophils and monocytes into the liver. Central to this inflammatory response is promotion of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) formation by these phagocytes. ROS are the principal toxic mediators by which inflammatory cells kill their targets, e.g. bacteria during host defense but also hepatocytes and other liver cells. The mechanism of ROS-induced cell killing during @entity32 involves the promotion of mitochondrial dysfunction through an intracellular oxidant stress in hepatocytes leading mainly to oncotic @entity39 and less apoptosis. The additional release of cell contents amplifies the inflammatory injury. However, an inflammatory oxidant stress insufficient to directly cause cell damage can induce transcription of stress defence genes including antioxidant genes. This preconditioning effect of ROS enhances the resistance against future inflammatory oxidant stress and promotes the initiation of tissue repair processes. Despite the substantial progress in our understanding of mechanisms of inflammatory @entity99 during the last decade, more research is necessary to better understand the role of ROS in @entity879 and to develop clinically applicable therapeutic strategies that selectively target the detrimental effects of oxidant stress without compromising the vital function of ROS in host defense.

title: Reactive @entity26 and mechanisms of inflammatory XXXX : Present concepts.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: Diuretics have been used for 25 years in the treatment of @entity101 , where they have proved effective and well tolerated. However, recent therapeutic trials have failed to demonstrate a significant reduction of @entity301 mortality in moderately @entity101 patients under antihypertensive therapy. These disappointing results have led to a reappraisal of the cardiovascular risk inherent in antihypertensive treatments and notably diuretics. @entity7206 and the so-called heigh-ceiling diuretics increase urinary @entity972 excretion, thereby reducing serum @entity972 levels by 0.3 to 0.6 mmol/l on average. Kalaemia falls below 3.0 mmol/l in 1 to 7 percent of the @entity1 . The long-term consequences of hypokalaemia are imperfectly known. Several authors have used continuous or exertion electrocardiographic recordings to evaluate the risk of @entity943 induced by hypokalaemia, but their results are conflicting and inconclusive. The risk of @entity943 is perhaps not negligible when hypokalaemia occurs in certain @entity1 with @entity301 or @entity4346 who are under digitalis therapy. Diuretics also reduce serum levels of @entity1760 . The consequences of @entity3491 are obscure. The risk of hyperexcitability seems to be increased when hypokalaemia is associated with @entity137 . The fall in serum concentrations of @entity972 and @entity1760 is dose-dependent, and it occurs mainly with the excessive doses formerly prescribed. The dose-response curve of antihypertensive agents is relatively flat, which suggests that diuretics should be used in lower dosage.

title: [Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and XXXX during diuretic treatment of @entity101 ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['digitalis toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated hypomagnesaemia']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiazides']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']


abstract: Sixteen @entity3580 of the clivus were evaluated with CT and MR either before (22 cases) or after (three cases) treatment with proton beam irradiation. The ability of these imaging techniques to provide information necessary to direct @entity1 treatment was studied. The @entity5 was detected and its gross margins were identified by both techniques in all instances. No reliable diagnostic features allowing differentiation between these two @entity5 were encountered. MR generally was superior in defining the exact position of the brainstem and optic chiasm relative to the @entity5 , and it frequently provided superior information about @entity5 extension into the nasopharynx and cavernous sinus. CT was always better than MR in demonstrating tumoral calcification and in defining the exact anatomy of @entity79 . MR was generally superior to CT in demonstrating the position of the cavernous internal carotid artery relative to the @entity5 and often provided superior visualization of the @entity5525 . In cases in which bone-induced artifact obscured the interface between the @entity1274 and @entity5 in the CT image, or in which the @entity5 had suprasellar extension and was likely to compress the optic chiasm and tracts, MR was of great value in planning irradiation therapy. The high occurrence of clinically asymptomatic signal intensity alterations in the MR studies of previously treated @entity1 appears to limit the differential diagnostic value of this information. Given its greater availability and lower cost, CT appears to be the technique of choice for routine follow-up of previously treated @entity1 .

title: The role of MR and CT in evaluating clival XXXX and chondrosarcomas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral and basilar arteries']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural axis']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas and nine chondrosarcomas']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordomas']


abstract: This study was designed to examine changes in cytochrome P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase (C17) and aromatase (ARO) mRNA contents in the theca layer of preovulatory follicles (POF) as @entity233 hens transit from egg laying to incubation. Hens were grouped into the following categories: 1) laying hens--laid one egg per day and nested 1-2 times per day; 2) transitional hens--laid one egg per day and nested > 4 times per day; and 3) Day 1, Day 3, and Day 5 incubating hens--laid no eggs for 2, 4, or 6 days, respectively, and nested > 4 times per day. Small white follicles (SWF) and the theca layer from the largest (F1) and the third (F3), fifth (F5), and seventh (F7) largest POF were dispersed and challenged with @entity251 (T) for 5 h. Relative levels of C17 and ARO mRNA were examined from the theca layers of F1, F3, F5, F7, and SWF. The number of atretic follicles increased from 0 (layers) to 8 (Day 5 incubating hens). Serum LH, @entity1420 (P), and @entity53 (E), but not T, declined on Day 1 of incubation. Basal levels of P, T, and E from theca and SWF cells declined in incubating hens. Both basal and T-stimulated theca and SWF production of E decreased in incubating hens. C17 and ARO mRNA declined in SWF, F7, and F5 during follicular @entity1146 . It is suggested that reduced gene expression of ovarian steroidogenic enzymes may be a partial determinant of reduced circulating sex @entity134 levels in incubating hens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Theca cell cytochrome P450 17-hydroxylase and aromatase messenger ribonucleic acid abundance and serum @entity134 levels during follicular XXXX associated with incubation behavior in the domestic @entity233 hen.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']