abstract: Introduction: We performed a chart review study in our @entity263 ( @entity263 ) @entity1 who received @entity15512 (AA) treatment after @entity1205 and identified clinical markers which can predict treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: From 2012 to 2016, 64 @entity1 who received @entity1205 after @entity263 followed by AA treatment were included. Clinical parameters were recorded and analysis was performed to identify associations between pre-treatment variables and treatment outcome. Results: Thirty three @entity1 (51.6%) achieved a decrease in PSA of 50%. The median PSA progression-free survival and overall survival in the total cohort of 64 @entity1 were 6.6 and 24 months, respectively. Adverse events (AEs) in all grades developed in 35.9% (23/64) @entity1 and mostly were grade 1 or 2. The most common AEs were gastric upset, @entity1371 and elevated liver function tests. Of the eight variables analyzed, first line @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) duration showed positive association to progression free survival (HR 0.98, 95% CI [0.96-0.99], p = 0.012) and overall survival (HR 0.97, 95% CI [0.94-0.99], p = 0.019). Pre-AA PSA and PSA progression ratio showed negative association only to progression free survival (HR 1.0, 95% CI [1.000-1.002], p = 0.025, HR 1.01, 95% CI [1.00-1.01], p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: First line ADT duration was positively associated with AA treatment efficacy in progression free survival and overall survival. It can be used as a pre-treatment predictor.

title: First Line @entity342 Deprivation Therapy Duration Is Associated with the Efficacy of @entity15512 Treated Metastatic Castration-Resistant @entity263 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC']

entities_list: @entity15512 :: ('MESH:C089742', 'Chemical') :: ['Abiraterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: Increased production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) from mitochondria is the main cause of @entity1602 complications. We previously showed that @entity1602 conditions induce @entity2383 that is causal for ROS overproduction. This study was to identify signaling components that induce @entity2383 in high- @entity413 stimulation. We found that exposing cells to the high- @entity413 concentration evokes increases in cytosolic @entity141 . Chelating @entity141 in the high- @entity413 medium prevented not only the @entity141 transient but also @entity2383 and the ROS increase, indicating that the @entity141 influx across the plasma membrane is an upstream event governing mitochondrial fission and the ROS generation in high- @entity413 stimulation. We found that the high- @entity413 -induced @entity141 increase activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase @entity3962 ( @entity1366 ). The @entity141 chelation prevented the @entity1366 activation, and inhibition of the @entity1366 phosphorylation decreased @entity2383 as well as ROS levels in high- @entity413 stimulation. In addition, the level of the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-like protein 1 in mitochondria increased in high- @entity413 incubation in a @entity141 -dependent manner. In vitro kinase assays showed that @entity1366 is capable of phosphorylating dynamin-like protein 1. These results demonstrate that high- @entity413 stimulation induces the activation of mitochondrial fission via signals mediated by intracellular @entity141 and @entity1366 .

title: High- XXXX stimulation increases reactive @entity26 species production through the calcium and mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated activation of mitochondrial fission.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial fragmentation']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a live-threatening @entity1292 that is best described in haematological @entity1 with prolonged @entity1398 or @entity2132 . Data on @entity3 in @entity1398 @entity1 are limited. The aim of this study was to establish the incidence, disease manifestations and outcome of @entity3 in @entity1398 @entity1 diagnosed in five Swiss university hospitals during a 2-year period. Case identification was based on a comprehensive screening of hospital records. All cases of proven and probable @entity3 were retrospectively analysed. Sixty-seven @entity1 were analysed (median age 60 years; 76% male). Sixty-three per cent of cases were @entity20585 ( @entity20585 ), and 17% of these were disseminated @entity2381 . The incidence of @entity20585 was 1.2/10 000 admissions. Six of ten cases of extrapulmonary @entity3 affected the brain. There were six cases of invasive rhinosinusitis, six cases of chronic @entity57 , and cases three of subacute @entity57 . The most frequent underlying condition of @entity3 was corticosteroid treatment (57%), followed by @entity1030 (48%), and intensive-care unit stays (43%). In 38% of @entity1 with @entity20585 , the diagnosis was established at autopsy. Old age was the only risk factor for post-mortem diagnosis, whereas previous solid organ transplantation and @entity1030 were associated with lower odds of post-mortem diagnosis. The mortality rate was 57%.

title: Survey of @entity2381 in XXXX @entity1 in Swiss teaching hospitals.

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'non-neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive aspergillosis', 'IA']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection']

entities_list: @entity20585 :: ('MESH:D055744', 'Disease') :: ['IPA', 'invasive pulmonary aspergillosis']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['non-neutropenic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In emerging economies such as Nigeria, @entity130 and @entity5883 in particular are on the rise. The aim of this study was to document the causes of @entity5883 in Nigeria. METHODS: This was a prospective study conducted between Aug. 1, 2006, and July 31, 2007. We obtained objective information about @entity1 demographic data, occupation, dominant and injured hand, and place and cause of injury. We assessed injury severity using the Hand Injury Severity Score (HISS). RESULTS: A total of 74 @entity1 with @entity5883 were included. The male:female ratio was 1.8:1, and the average age was 26.9 years. Most @entity1 were right-hand dominant, and 56.8% of @entity130 affected the dominant hand. Engineers and technicians represented 27% of @entity1 with @entity5883 , which was the largest group encountered during the study. Most cases occurred because of road traffic @entity130 , followed by @entity130 . Injuries commonly occurred at the work place and on the road. In total, 57.1% of @entity1 with @entity130 were admitted to hospital. The majority received minor surgical treatment, and 16.2% had a digit amputated. The average HISS was 54.35. In total, 64.8% of the @entity130 were classified as minor or moderate. Sixty percent of admissions were @entity1 with a HISS of severe or @entity130 . CONCLUSION: @entity5883 in this part of the world is commonly due to road traffic collisions and machine accidents, and the @entity130 are usually severe. @entity5883 are commonly seen among technicians and civil or public servants; these @entity1 constitute the economic work force.

title: International surgery: causes of XXXX in a developing country.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5883 :: ('MESH:D006230', 'Disease') :: ['hand injuries', 'Hand injury', 'Hand injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'mechanical injuries', 'trauma', 'major injury', 'machine injuries']

answer: @entity5883 :: (MESH:D006230,Disease) :: ['hand injuries']


abstract: The original French therapeutic strategy for the treatment of @entity4784 was a rapid detoxification occasionally accompanied by treatment for @entity3347 . In 1995, substitution therapy using opioids was introduced with the aim of maintenance, utilising @entity284 and the partial agonist @entity4783 , introduced in 1996. As well as being a maintenance agent, @entity4783 has been prescribed for rapid detoxification due to its reduced tendency to cause any withdrawal effects and its ability to block the effects of other opioids. This trial was initiated to measure the efficacy of @entity4783 in rapid detoxification and to assess whether additional medication would be required. @entity1 in this open study had requested rapid detoxification and were referred to the addiction clinic as inpatients. @entity1 were assessed by the clinician and during counselling sessions, and an initial dose was agreed upon. This dose was then gradually decreased over ten days in a flexible dosing schedule, with concurrent toxicological urinalysis to ensure no illicit drug use. During the trial, 25% of @entity1 transferred to a maintenance programme and 58% remained in the study. The large transfer of @entity1 to maintenance programmes may indicate that many @entity1 requesting rapid detoxification are actually asking for a more generalised form of assistance. No opioid-positive urines were noted after the fourth day in any @entity1 , and the study indicates that @entity4783 should prove to be a useful detoxification agent, particularly in less hardened addicts. Step-down @entity4783 detoxification minimises @entity3347 and, therefore, reduces the need for concurrent medication.

title: Preliminary assessment of a 10-day rapid detoxification programme using high dosage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid addiction']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity4783 :: (MESH:D002047,Chemical) :: ['buprenorphine']


abstract: We describe the development of an aggressive orthotopic metastatic model of @entity418 , which is visualized in real time with combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging. The aim of the study was to describe the development of a novel model of @entity3 disease of @entity418 and use this model to evaluate fluorescence and MRI in early detection of local and @entity3 . The @entity1 @entity420 cell line PT1590 was stably transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP). @entity19 were orthotopically implanted with PT1590-GFP cells. @entity5 growth as well as metastatic spread was examined by fluorescence imaging and high-resolution MRI at defined intervals after orthotopic implantation. Highly aggressive novel fluorescent cell lines were isolated from metastatic tissues and put into culture. After implantation of these cells, 100% of the animals developed @entity5 . In 83% of animals, metastatic spread to liver, lung and lymph nodes was observed. @entity5 growth could be visualized with fluorescence imaging and with MRI with high correlation between the 2 methods. Fluorescence imaging allows fast, sensitive, and economical imaging of the primary and @entity3 without anesthesia. With MRI, anatomical structures are visualized more precisely and @entity5 can be more accurately localized to specific organs. This model should prove highly useful to understand @entity418 and to identify novel therapeutics for this treatment-resistant disease.

title: Complementary use of fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging of metastatic @entity418 in a novel orthotopic XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Primary tumor', 'Orthotopic tumor', 'orthotopic primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate pharmacokinetic profile, biodistribution and therapeutic effect of cationic thermosensitive liposomes (CTSL) encapsulating @entity632 ( @entity3105 ) upon mild @entity221 ( @entity221 ). METHODS: Non-targeted thermosensitive liposomes (TSL) and CTSL were developed, loaded with @entity3105 and characterized. Blood kinetics and biodistribution of @entity3105 -TSL and @entity3105 -CTSL were followed in B16BL6 @entity5 bearing @entity19 upon normothermia (NT) or @entity221 . Efficacy study in B16BL6 @entity5 bearing @entity19 was followed with @entity3105 -TSL or @entity3105 -CTSL upon NT or @entity221 . Efficacy study in @entity5 bearing @entity19 was performed upon two @entity221 conditions. Intravital microscopy was performed on B16BL6 @entity5 implanted in dorsal-skin fold window-bearing @entity19 . RESULTS: Targeting did not cause faster blood clearance of CTSL compared to TSL. Highest uptake of liposomes was observed in spleen, kidneys and liver. Applying @entity221 prior to CTSL administration increased drug delivery to the @entity5 and CTSL delivered ~1.7 fold higher @entity3105 concentration compared to TSL. Efficacy in B16BL6 @entity19 @entity320 showed that @entity221 had a significant effect on CTSL in @entity5 suppression and prolonged survival. Efficacy in @entity2 @entity5 model demonstrates that two @entity221 treatments hold promises for a successful treatment option. CONCLUSION: CTSL have potency to increase drug efficacy in @entity5 due to their targeted and drug release functions.

title: Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution and Therapeutic Effect of Cationic Thermosensitive Liposomal @entity632 Upon Mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'LLC tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['LLC Lewis lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'HT', 'initial hyperthermia conditions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Hyperthermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiphospholipid antibodies may interfere with the anticoagulant activity of @entity10855 ( @entity10855 ) to induce acquired @entity10855 resistance (APCr). AIMS: To investigate the frequency and characteristics of APCr by using recombinant @entity1 @entity10855 (rhAPC) and endogenous protein  C activation in @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). METHODS: APCr was assessed in @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) @entity1 on warfarin and normal controls with rhAPC or Protac by thrombin generation. IgG anti-protein  C and anti-protein  S antibodies and avidity were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS: @entity1701 @entity1 showed greater resistance to both rhAPC and Protac than non- @entity1701 @entity1 and normal controls (median normalized endogenous thrombin potential inhibition): @entity1701 @entity1 with rhAPC, 81.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]  75.2-88.3%; non- @entity1701 @entity1 with rhAPC, 97.7% (95%  CI  93.6-101.8%; @entity1701 @entity1 with Protac, 66.0% (95%  CI  59.5-72.6%); and non- @entity1701 @entity1 with Protac, 80.7 (95%  CI  74.2-87.2%). @entity1701 @entity1 also had a higher frequency and higher levels of anti-protein  C antibodies, with 60% (15/25) high-avidity antibodies. High-avidity anti-protein  C antibodies were associated with greater APCr and with a severe @entity715 phenotype (defined as the development of recurrent @entity1211 while @entity1 were receiving therapeutic anticoagulation or both venous and arterial @entity715 ). Twelve of 15 (80%) @entity1 with high-avidity anti-protein  C antibodies were classified as @entity1701 category  I. CONCLUSION: @entity715 @entity1 showed greater APCr to both rhAPC and activation of endogenous protein  C by Protac. High-avidity anti-protein  C antibodies, associated with greater APCr, may provide a marker for a severe @entity715 phenotype in @entity1701 . However, in @entity1 with category  I @entity1701 , it remains to be established whether anti-protein  C or anti-b2 -glycoprotein  I antibodies are responsible for APCr.

title: Anti-protein  C antibodies are associated with resistance to endogenous protein  C activation and a severe XXXX phenotype in @entity1701 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10855 :: ('MESH:D020016', 'Disease') :: ['activated protein  C', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombotic APS', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['APS and non-APS venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombotic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Animal models provide evidence of spleen mediated post- @entity64 activation of the peripheral immune system. Translation of these findings to @entity64 @entity1 requires estimation of pre- @entity64 spleen volume along with quantification of its day-to-day variation. We enrolled a cohort of 158 healthy volunteers and measured their spleen volume over the course of five consecutive days. We also enrolled a concurrent cohort of 158 @entity64 @entity1 , measured initial spleen volume within 24   h of @entity64 symptom onset followed by daily assessments. Blood samples for cytokine analysis were collected from a subset of @entity1 . Using data from healthy volunteers, we fit longitudinal quantile regression models to construct gender and body surface area based normograms of spleen volume. We quantified day-to-day variation and defined @entity2472 . Based on our criteria, approximately 40% of @entity64 @entity1 experienced substantial post- @entity64 reduction in @entity4558 volume. African Americans, older @entity1 , and @entity1 with past history of @entity64 have significantly higher odds of post- @entity64 @entity2472 . All measured cytokine levels were elevated in @entity1 with @entity2472 , with significant differences for @entity379 , @entity650 , 10, 12, and 13. Our work provides reference standards for further work, validation of pre-clinical findings, and characterization of @entity1 with post- @entity64 @entity2472 .

title: Acute XXXX responses in @entity1 with ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['splenic contraction']

answer: @entity4558 :: (MESH:D013158,Disease) :: ['splenic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine the frequency with which mammography reveals nonpalpable @entity5 in @entity1 with benign palpable masses and to compare these nonpalpable @entity5 with the palpable @entity5 and nonpalpable @entity5 detected in asymptomatic @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study of nominally asymptomatic @entity1 involved 85,399 consecutive mammographic examinations, of which 3459 (4.1%) examinations were performed on @entity1 who had palpable masses identified before or at the time of mammography. A medical outcomes audit identified mammographic examinations after which @entity0 was diagnosed and determined selected surrogate measures for mortality reduction for the mammographically detected @entity5 . RESULTS: Of the 3459 examinations in @entity1 with palpable masses, 64 cases of @entity5 were revealed by mammography. Of these, 54 cases involved palpable @entity5 (15.6/1000 examinations) and 10 involved nonpalpable @entity5 (2.6/1000 examinations). Of the 81,940 examinations in asymptomatic @entity1 , 346 cases of nonpalpable @entity5 were detected (4.2/1000 examinations). Of the 10 cases of nonpalpable @entity5 detected in @entity1 with benign palpable masses, median @entity5 size was 13.8 mm, 10% had axillary node @entity3 , and 10% were stage 2 or higher. The corresponding surrogate measures for cases of nonpalpable @entity5 detected in asymptomatic @entity1 were median @entity5 size, 13.6 mm; node @entity3 , 7%; stage 2 or higher, 14%. The surrogate measures for the 54 palpable @entity5 were median @entity5 size, 23.7 mm; node @entity3 , 31%; stage 2 or higher, 63%. CONCLUSION: The surrogate measures for the nonpalpable @entity5 in @entity1 with benign palpable lesions resemble those in asymptomatic @entity1 and are much more favorable than those of palpable @entity5 . Therefore, in @entity1 with a palpable breast mass, it is important to use mammography to screen the remainder of both breasts for nonpalpable @entity5 .

title: Ability of mammography to reveal nonpalpable @entity0 in XXXX with palpable breast masses.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the associations between maternal @entity281 during pregnancy (i.e. ear-nose-throat infection, @entity55 , @entity293 , febrile episodes and @entity683 -like infection) and spontaneous @entity3152 (SPTD). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective questionnaire data from the Norwegian Mother and @entity1 Cohort (MoBa) study, including more than 100000 pregnancies and, collected during 1999-2008, were used. Linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway were added. SPTD occurring between gestational weeks 22+0 days and 36+6 days was the main outcome. Data were analysed in two steps because questionnaires (including information about occurrence of the @entity281 so far) were completed at different stages of pregnancy. Hazard ratios (HR) were obtained using Cox regression. RESULTS: The SPTD proportion was low in this cohort: 2.9% and 2.7% at the two analysis steps, respectively. After exclusions, 67310 and 60689 pregnancies, respectively, remained for the analyses. Ear-nose-throat @entity281 occurring before week 17 were associated with an increased risk of SPTD in the first (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.50) and second (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.52) step of the analysis, but not if occurring later in pregnancy. None of the other maternal @entity281 were associated with an increased risk of SPTD. CONCLUSION: In this low-risk population, ear-nose-throat infection in early pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of SPTD. However, infectious morbidity in later pregnancy was not. Thus, the link between maternal infection and @entity3152 may vary in different populations and health care settings.

title: Risk of spontaneous XXXX in a low-risk population: the impact of maternal febrile episodes, @entity293 , @entity55 and ear-nose-throat infections.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'various infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm delivery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Corrective surgery for @entity1700 in infancy still carries high morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries. The present study evaluates the factors responsible for it. METHODS: Seventy-three @entity1 were operated on for @entity1700 from January 1987 through October 1997. Age ranged from 5 days to 12 months (mean, 3.9+/-0.24 months), with 10 (13.7%) @entity1 younger than 1 month old. @entity1 weight varied from 2.0 to 5.2 kg (mean, 3.7+/-0.27 kg). Most (90.5%) @entity1 were small for their ages (< 50th percentile). Anomalous connection was supracardiac in 42 (57.5%), cardiac in 18 (24.7%), infracardiac in 4 (5.5%), and mixed in 9 (12.3%) @entity1 . Thirty-five @entity1 had obstructed drainage. Preoperatively, 30 patients received antibiotic therapy for @entity1729 , 3 @entity1 had balloon atrial septostomy, and 4 @entity1 required mechanical ventilation. Fifteen @entity1 (20.5%) were operated on as an emergency procedure. For supracardiac and infracardiac connections, a posterior approach was used for @entity254 . In cardiac type, coronary sinus was unroofed and the resultant defect along with @entity118 was closed with a single patch. RESULTS: The operative mortality rate was 23.3% (17 of 73). @entity120 was the cause of @entity204 in 10 @entity1 . Emergency operation and weight less than the 25th percentile were the important risk factors for operative mortality. Young age (< 1 month) and type of drainage did not affect the mortality. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 108 months (mean, 56.4+/-26.0 months). There were two late deaths. The actuarial survival (Kaplan Meier) at 9 years was 72.87%+/-5.39%. CONCLUSION: Failure of early recognition, and thus delayed referral, accounted for onset of @entity299 , @entity1729 , and severe @entity120 , which had a major effect on unfavorable outcome.

title: Repair of XXXX in infancy: experience from a developing country.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'Pulmonary hypertensive crisis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac cachexia']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the production of @entity2657 [as measured by tissue specific gravity (SpG)] following moderate fluid percussion (FP) and cortical impact (CI) injury in rodents. To determine the effects of a secondary systemic insult, @entity519 (13% @entity26 for 30 min) was added to some experimental groups immediately after @entity542 . To determine the effects of hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) on injured cortical tissue, additional animal groups were exposed to HBO (1.5 atm, for 60 min), beginning 4 h after @entity542 . Both injury models produced equal amounts of tissue @entity4 at the site of injury (mean SpG +/- SEM = 1.035 +/- 0.001), when measured 6 h posttrauma. There was no significant @entity4 at the tissue sites immediately adjacent to the @entity130 sites. The addition of @entity519 to either injury system did not increase @entity4 formation beyond that produced by injury alone. HBO reduced the water content of the @entity130 site in animals that had received FP, but not in animals receiving CI. We conclude that with the injury parameters used in this protocol, both FP and CI appear to produce focal @entity2657 at the site of @entity130 . @entity519 does not worsen @entity4 . HBO appears to reduce @entity4 produced by FP, but not by CI.

title: Effect of XXXX or hyperbaric @entity26 on @entity2657 following moderate fluid percussion or cortical @entity130 in rats.

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Excessive neutrophil activation is a major component in @entity651 . Neutrophil-derived DNA may form extracellular traps in response to bacterial invasions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in @entity651 . Male C57BL/6 @entity19 were treated with recombinant @entity1 (rh)DNAse (5 mg/kg) after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Extracellular DNA was stained by Sytox green, and NET formation was quantified by confocal microscopy and cell-free DNA in plasma, peritoneal cavity, and lung. Blood, peritoneal fluid, and lung tissue were harvested for analysis of neutrophil infiltration, NET levels, tissue injury, as well as CXC chemokine and cytokine formation. We observed that CLP caused increased formation of NETs in plasma, peritoneal cavity, and lung. Administration of rhDNAse not only eliminated NET formation in plasma, peritoneal cavity, and bronchoalveolar space but also @entity4 and @entity3145 24 h after CLP induction. Moreover, treatment with rhDNAse decreased CLP-induced formation of CXC chemokines, @entity650 , and @entity518 ( @entity518 ) in plasma, as well as CXC chemokines and @entity650 in the lung. In vitro, we found that neutrophil-derived NETs had the capacity to stimulate secretion of @entity10149 , @entity310 , and @entity518 from alveolar macrophages. Taken together, our findings show that NETs regulate pulmonary infiltration of neutrophils and tissue injury via formation of proinflammatory compounds in @entity1661 . Thus we conclude that NETs exert a proinflammatory role in @entity651 .

title: Proinflammatory role of neutrophil extracellular traps in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity518 :: ('3146', 'Gene') :: ['high-mobility group box 1', 'HMGB1']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['reduced lung edema']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['septic lung injury']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity23185 ( @entity23185 ) protein is the major antigenic determinant of the @entity17541 (MuV) and plays an important role in the viral infectious cycle through its hemagglutination/hemadsorption (HA/ @entity2033 ) and neuraminidase (NA) activities. OBJECTIVE: analyze the biological and immunological properties of a polypeptide derived from a highly conserved region of the HN ectodomain. METHODS: a highly conserved region of the HN gene among several MuV genotypes was chosen to be cloned in a eukaryotic expression vector. The pcDNAHN176-construct was transfected into Vero cells and RNA expression was detected by RT-PCR, while the corresponding @entity23186 was detected by immunofluorescence and immunochemistry techniques. The @entity2033 and NA activities were also measured. The immunogenic properties of the construct were evaluated using two systems: @entity95 immunization to obtain sera for detection of the HN protein and neutralization of @entity778 , and hamster immunization to evaluate protection against @entity778 . RESULTS: A 567 @entity377 region from the HN gene was amplified and cloned into the plasmid pcDNA3.1. Vero cells transfected with the construct expressed a polypeptide that was recognized by a MuV-hyperimmune serum. The construct-transfected cells showed @entity2033 and NA activities. Sera from immunized @entity95 in vitro neutralized two different MuV genotypes and also detected both the HN protein and the HN176 polypeptide by western blot. Hamsters immunized with the pcDNAHN176-construct and challenged with MuV showed a mild @entity1800 in comparison to non-immunized animals, and @entity1198 and Th2 cytokines were detected in them. CONCLUSIONS: The pcDNAHN176-construct was capable of expressing a polypeptide in Vero cells that was identified by a hyperimmune serum anti Mumps virus, and these cells showed the @entity2033 and NA activities of the complete MuV HN protein. The construct also elicited a specific immune response against @entity778 in hamsters.

title: A 176 amino acid polypeptide derived from the @entity17541 XXXX ectodomain shows immunological and biological properties similar to the @entity23185 protein.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['MuV infection']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity23186 :: ('CHEBI:15841', 'Chemical') :: ['polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity23185 :: ('1489765(Tax:11161)', 'Gene') :: ['hemagglutinin-neuraminidase', 'HN']

answer: @entity23185 :: (1489765(Tax:11161),Gene) :: ['HN']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of @entity135 ( @entity135 ) and identify the underlying causes in @entity1 who presented to an ophthalmology clinic due to any ophthalmologic complaint. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 who presented with any ophthalmologic symptoms during a 6-month period were prospectively evaluated. In all, 2,710 @entity1 (1,492 female and 1,218 male) aged 6 months-91 years were included in the study. Each @entity1 underwent complete ophthalmologic evaluation. RESULTS: Among the 2,710 @entity1 , 30 (1.1%) (7 female and 23 male) with a mean age of 14.62    17.45 years (range 6 months-60 years) had @entity135 . In total, 24 (80%) of the @entity1 with @entity135 were aged <= 16 years. The initial complaint in the @entity1 with @entity135 was ocular misalignment in 18 (60%) @entity1 , @entity135 in 4 (13.3%), @entity1319 in 4 (13.3%), double vision in 3 (10%), and @entity3066 in 1 (3.3%). Comitant strabismus, @entity346 , and @entity2341 were the most common causes of @entity135 . Other diagnoses included @entity6125 , @entity2896 , @entity3312 , @entity9282 , @entity1736 , and @entity8924 . CONCLUSIONS: The leading underlying causes of @entity135 in @entity1 who presented to an ophthalmology clinic were ocular and treatable. Of note, in only a minority of these @entity1 @entity135 was the initial presenting complaint. Clinicians must be aware that observation of any head position that is not normal should prompt additional investigation, as the underlying pathology can cause treatable morbidity or in rare instances mortality, such as in cases of acute @entity129 .

title: The frequency and causes of XXXX based on an ophthalmology clinic's findings: is it overlooked?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['AHP', 'abnormal head position']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity2341 :: ('MESH:D004370', 'Disease') :: ['Duane syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9282 :: ('MESH:C535425', 'Disease') :: ['congenital muscular torticollis']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['sixth nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity3066 :: ('MESH:D005141', 'Disease') :: ['droopy eyelid']

entities_list: @entity3312 :: ('MESH:D002095', 'Disease') :: ['Brown syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['blowout orbital fracture']

entities_list: @entity6125 :: ('MESH:D020432', 'Disease') :: ['fourth nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal ocular movements']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['abnormal head position']


abstract: Excitatory @entity1522 (EAAs) are the principal mediators of fast excitatory neurotransmission in the @entity1 central nervous system. Previous studies have demonstrated that @entity1024 ( @entity143 ), an EAA agonist, produces a stress response that mimics that observed in animals receiving lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The present investigation determined the role that @entity143 receptors play in the hemodynamic, metabolic, and hormonal changes induced by LPS. Chronically catheterized fasted @entity35 received LPS with or without prior injection of @entity3390 , an @entity143 receptor antagonist. LPS produced a classical stress response characterized by @entity551 , @entity591 , increased @entity413 flux, and elevated plasma levels of glucagon, @entity2819 , and @entity2661 . @entity3390 (intravenously) prevented the @entity591 in response to LPS, but did not consistently alter the fall in arterial blood pressure. The @entity143 receptor antagonist also blunted the early elevation in plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels seen in LPS-injected @entity35 , and this was associated with a smaller increment in plasma @entity413 and @entity880 concentrations and @entity413 flux. To confirm that @entity3390 was functioning by antagonizing @entity143 receptors within the brain, a second group of @entity35 received an intracerebroventricular injection of @entity3390 prior to LPS. The central administration of @entity3390 also attenuated the increase in heart rate. These results indicate that central @entity143 receptor stimulation mediates the LPS-induced @entity591 and suggest that the partial inhibition of the @entity413 metabolic response to LPS by @entity3390 resulted from the smaller increment in plasma @entity2661 .

title: Modulation of endotoxin-induced changes in hemodynamics and XXXX metabolism by an @entity1024 receptor antagonist.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: CTLA4Ig has therapeutic potential for @entity309 @entity1 unresponsive to @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) or @entity310 blockers. However, recombinant CTLA4Ig proteins are short-acting and expensive. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) present an ideal stem cell source for practical regenerative medicine due to their abundant availability and their beneficial properties including immunomodulation, homing activity, paracrine effects, and differentiation ability. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether CTLA4Ig and @entity1 ASCs show synergistic effects on immunomodulation and clinical improvement of sustained severe @entity309 in a @entity19 model. hASCs overexpressing CTLA4Ig (CTLA4Ig- @entity938 ) were serially transplanted into @entity19 with collagen-induced @entity625 . Arthritic @entity19 were subjected to four treatments based on their @entity625 score on day 62 post-immunization: control (C group), @entity938 (H group), CTLA4Ig- @entity938 (CT group), and @entity6822 ( @entity6822 group). A group of healthy @entity19 was used as a normal control ( @entity19 in the N and C groups were infused with 150  L saline and 2 * 10(6) hASCs or CTLA4Ig-hASCs in 150  L of saline were intravenously administered to those in the H and CT groups, respectively, on days 63, 70, 77, and 84 after CII immunization. About 1 mg/kg of @entity1499 was intraperitoneally administered to the @entity6822 group three times a week for four weeks. Serial @entity938 and CTLA4Ig- @entity938 transplantation modulated various cytokines and chemokines related to the development of @entity309 . Both treatments protected against destruction of cartilage, with CTLA4Ig-hASCs being most effective. Serum levels of CII autoantibodies and Ctelopeptide of type II collagen were significantly low in the group transplanted with CTLA4Ig-hASCs. In vitro, @entity938 and CTLA4Ig- @entity938 treatment significantly decreased @entity19985 and @entity19986 expression in splenocytes from arthritic @entity19 , and CTLA4Ig- @entity938 treatment significantly increased the ratio of Treg/Th17 (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+/CD4+CD25+RORyt) cells. Serial @entity938 and CTLA4Ig- @entity938 transplantation offers promising treatment for @entity309 , and CTLA4Ig-hASCs showed stronger therapeutic effects than non-transduced hASCs.

title: Effects of Transplantation of CTLA4Ig-overexpressing Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in XXXX with Sustained Severe @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) @entity3925 , an oral @entity6236 inhibitor, is increasingly used as an alternative to @entity2067 -antagonists (VKAs). Absorption and elimination of DOACs are dependent on the permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter protein system, and DOACs are substrates of the hepatic @entity5322 ( @entity5322 ) enzymes. Therefore, drug-interactions may occur when DOACs are administered with drugs affecting the activity of P-gp or @entity5322 systems. Several antiepileptic drugs like @entity2049 are known to affect P-gp and @entity5322 -activity. CASE REPORT: A 55-year-old male was admitted because of @entity158 and swelling of his right leg spontaneously since 2 days. He was under a therapy with 20mg @entity3925 since 4 months because of an unprovoked @entity49 of his right leg. He had a history of @entity3328 at age 6 months, structural @entity302 due to poly-microgyria with complex partial @entity410 with secondary generalization since age 6 years, why he was treated with @entity2049 (900mg/d). He reported to be highly adherent to his anticoagulant and antiepileptic medication. Anti-Xa activity was <20ng/ml according to a @entity3925 calibrated anti- @entity6236 assay. Therapy with @entity3925 was stopped, and low-molecular-weight heparin, followed by @entity3924 , was started. CONCLUSION: The combination of DOACs with @entity2049 , an inducer of P-gp and @entity5322 -activity, should be avoided since the anticoagulant effect is decreased. There is an urgent need to increase our knowledge and physicians' awareness about the potential of drug-drug interactions of DOACs.

title: Recurrent XXXX under @entity3925 and @entity2049 for symptomatic @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3924 :: ('MESH:D010644', 'Chemical') :: ['phenprocoumon']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity517 , @entity588 and @entity876 are known to regulate apoptosis. There has been growing interest in analyzing their contribution to the pathogenesis and prognosis in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 . This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of these proteins in @entity420 and to determine their relationship with clinicopathologic parameters and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archival @entity5 tissues from 61 @entity1 with @entity2220 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of @entity517 , @entity588 and @entity876 proteins. Clinical information was obtained through the computerized retrospect database from the @entity5 registry. RESULTS: Of 61 @entity1 , 32 were @entity1 and 29 @entity1 with the median age 63 years. 4 had stage I disease, 2 had @entity34 and 55 had @entity5 . The expression of @entity517 protein was identified in 13% (8/61) @entity5 , @entity588 protein was detected in 1.6% @entity5 (1/61) and @entity876 was detected in 77% (47/71) @entity5 . The association of the expression of @entity517 , @entity588 and @entity876 was not detected. The survival time was longer in @entity1 expressing @entity517 protein than in @entity1 without the @entity517 protein expression (p=.045). Neither @entity588 nor @entity876 showed the correlation to clinicopathologic variables. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest the involvement of @entity876 alteration in the pathogenesis of @entity2220 . The @entity517 expression in some @entity5 indicates that @entity517 alone may not contribute critically to the development and/or the progression of these @entity5 . It, however, correlated to the survival time, suggesting the @entity517 expression as a favorable prognostic factor possibly through the apoptosis pathway.

title: The expression of @entity517 , @entity588 and @entity876 proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III disease', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of lung', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas of lung']


abstract: @entity2419 is a rare congenital @entity764 that develops during the first trimester. Failure of the process of midline mesenchymal strip fusion leads to absence of the sternum, resulting in cleft formation. Multiple surgical approaches have been described in the closure of sternal clefts. An optimal surgical approach is still debatable. We describe 2 cases of complete sternal clefting treated with staging of the repair. Dermal allograft and synthetic mesh along with myofasciocutaneous flaps are used a bridging method to future definitive treatment. Most @entity1 will require secondary cardiothoracic procedures for underlying cardiac conditions, and disruption of any primary repair is compromised on reentry into the chest. Staging this procedure avoids this potential problem. Also, concerns regarding chest wall constriction and cardiopulmonary compromise are minimized. Once the @entity1 has matured, definitive treatment can be pursued with more abundant autologous donor tissue. Our approach is safe with minimal complications and is well tolerated by the @entity1 .

title: Staged XXXX repair using dermal allograft and synthetic mesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['Cleft sternum']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest deformity']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft sternum']


abstract: The axial connective tissue system is a fiber continuum of the lung that maintains alveolar surface area during changes in lung volume. Although the molecular anatomy of the axial system remains undefined, the fiber continuum of the lung is central to contemporary models of lung micromechanics and alveolar regeneration. To provide a detailed molecular structure of the axial connective tissue system, we examined the extracellular matrix of @entity19 lungs. The lungs were decellularized using a 24 hr detergent treatment protocol. Systematic evaluation of the decellularized lungs demonstrated no residual cellular debris; morphometry demonstrated a mean 39        7% reduction in lung dimensions. @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) demonstrated an intact structural hierarchy within the decellularized lung. Light, fluorescence, and @entity4653 of precision-cut lung slices demonstrated that alveolar duct structure was defined by a cable line element encased in basement membrane. The cable line element arose in the distal airways, passed through septal tips and inserted into neighboring blood vessels and visceral pleura. The ropelike appearance, collagenase resistance and anti- @entity20616 immunostaining indicated that the cable was an @entity20616 macromolecule. Our results indicate that the helical line element of the axial connective tissue system is composed of an @entity20616 cable that not only defines the structure of the alveolar duct, but also integrates the axial connective tissue system into visceral pleura and peripheral blood vessels.

title: XXXX Cables Define the Axial Connective Tissue System in the @entity19 Lung.

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['Scanning electron microscopy', 'SEM']

answer: @entity20616 :: (13717(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Elastin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is a common and increasing condition in Western countries and seems to be associated with increased carcinogenesis and @entity5 invasiveness. We evaluated operative and clinical outcome in @entity1 operated to treat @entity43 ( @entity43 ) according to their body mass index (BMI). METHODS: All consecutive @entity43 @entity1 who underwent cytoreductive surgery in our institution between September 2000 and April 2010 were systematically evaluated according to their BMI (kg/m(2)). Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier curves. Logistic regression and Cox regression analysis were performed to identify the impact of @entity28 on surgical outcome and survival. RESULTS: Three hundred six @entity1 were evaluated. A total of 40.2% were classified as overweight; 87 (28.4%) had a BMI of 25-30  kg/m(2) and 36 (11.8%) had a BMI of >= 30  kg/m(2). No statistically significant differences regarding @entity5 -related characteristics and comorbidities existed between normal-weight and overweight @entity1 . Median operation time was significantly longer (P  =  0.024) in overweight versus normal-weight @entity1 (280  min; range 40-529 vs. 257  min; range 32-592, respectively). @entity5 resection rates were equivalent between the two @entity1 groups (68.6% vs. 72.5%; P  =  0.543) with similar median overall and progression-free survival in both groups (43 vs. 42  months and 21 vs. 17.8  months, respectively). Operative morbidity was also not significantly different between the two groups. By comparable morbidity, operative procedures were similar between normal-weight and overweight @entity1 , apart from higher intestinal and diaphragmatic resection rates in the overweight @entity1 (61% vs. 43.7%; P  =  0.004 and 24.4% vs. 14.2%; P  =  0.034). In multivariate analysis, BMI of >= 25  kg/m(2) did not reveal any prognostic significance in respect of survival, operative morbidity, and complete @entity5 resection. CONCLUSIONS: BMI does not appear to influence @entity5 stage, histology, differentiation grade, or @entity5 marker levels in @entity1 with primary @entity43 . Also, BMI is not an independent predictive and prognostic marker of survival, operative outcome, or morbidity at the time of primary @entity5 debulking.

title: Impact of @entity28 on operative morbidity and clinical outcome in @entity43 after optimal primary XXXX debulking.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Complete tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'primary epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 is one of the most frequent @entity5 worldwide. More than 50% of all @entity1 present with advanced stage of disease, with long-time survival of less than 5%. In selected subgroups, palliative gastric resection seems to be beneficial for survival and improved quality of the remaining life time, but is still controversially discussed. @entity1 AND METHODS: We report 3 cases of @entity1 with intestinal-type advanced @entity356 . All @entity1 presented preoperatively with stage IV disease with liver metastases. The @entity1 underwent palliative gastric resection and subsequent palliative chemotherapy. We performed a genome-wide DNA analysis of 9 @entity356 tissue specimens using the DNA microchip array technique. RESULTS: 4 and 6 years after palliative surgery and chemotherapy, 2 of the @entity1 show no signs of recurrence, while the third @entity1 shows stable disease under third-line chemotherapy 4 years after the initial diagnosis. Comparative genetic analysis of 9 @entity356 tissue specimens suggested that the degree of chromosomal aberration was closely related to survival for intestinal-type @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS: Palliative gastric resection is beneficial for survival and quality of life in selected @entity1 . Determination of the degree of @entity2008 might be helpful in predicting the response on multimodal treatment in @entity356 . A better understanding of molecular biology is needed to define prognosis markers and molecular targets.

title: Relationship between degree of chromosomal aberration and survival in XXXX - a preliminary report based on three cases of hepatic metastasized @entity356 with long-time survival.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal aberrations']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'intestinal-type gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['intestinal-type gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of endovascular repair is to protect the @entity1 from @entity1756 . Careful surveillance should be performed postoperatively in order to select @entity1 with @entity439 growth and, therefore, the highest @entity397 risk. The aim of the study was to present our experience with @entity1756 in long-term follow-up after @entity439 repair. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2006, 445 @entity1 with @entity1028 were treated endovasculary in our Department. All @entity1 were followed-up postoperatively according to the EUROSTAR protocol, with a CT scan performed postoperatively in the 3rd, 6th and 12th month and annually thereafter with good compliance. Because of this we had the opportunity for early treatment of complications, especially @entity1070 which may cause @entity439 growth and subsequent @entity397 . RESULTS: In three presented @entity1 @entity1756 occurred in the late follow-up period after endovascular treatment. In all cases open aneurysmectomy was performed without any major complications. We also analyzed the reason for the @entity397 : in all cases it was due to @entity1070 , that was not present during postoperative CT-scans. The mechanism of its recurrence was proximal cuff migration 29 months after endovascular @entity439 treatment in the first @entity1 . In the second case @entity1070 appeared 32 months postoperatively due to @entity439 lengthening, what could have been the consequence of persistent, small endoleak type II. In the third case the reason of @entity1756 was late @entity1070 due to migration of proximal seal of the stentgraft. CONCLUSIONS: Although the risk of @entity1756 after EVAR is low, all @entity1 treated endovascularly should be routinely monitored, in order to select cases with potential @entity1070 or stentgraft migration which may lead to fatal complications. When @entity397 occurs open aneurysmectomy is feasible, although it requires careful management in these high-risk @entity1 .

title: Late @entity1756 after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks', 'endoleak type I']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular abdominal aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular abdominal aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate host immunologic response to @entity46 in terms of @entity2071 expression by macrophages and @entity9371 ( @entity9371 ) expression by natural killer (NK) cells. DESIGN: Case-control study of immunologic markers. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): Twenty-eight Japanese @entity1 with @entity46 . Control subjects were 26 @entity1 without @entity46 . Diagnoses were made at laparoscopy. INTERVENTION(S): Venipuncture and laparoscopic peritoneal fluid collection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): @entity2071 expression by macrophages and @entity9371 expression by NK cells, measured by flow cytometry. RESULT(S): In @entity1 with @entity46 , expression of @entity2071 by peritoneal macrophages was significantly lower and expression of @entity9371 by NK cells in peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood was significantly higher than in control subjects. CONCLUSION(S): Properties of macrophages and NK cells in @entity1 with @entity46 promote immunotolerance to implanted tissue in the peritoneal environment. Increased @entity9371 (+)NK cells in peripheral blood may represent a risk factor for @entity46 .

title: Aberrant expression of XXXX and killer inhibitory receptors induces immune tolerance in @entity1 with pelvic endometriosis.

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1']

entities_list: @entity9371 :: ('3805', 'Gene') :: ['killer cell inhibitory receptor', 'KIR']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity2071 :: (3383,Gene) :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: From 1957 to 1985, 116 consecutive operations for recurrent @entity543 were performed in 99 @entity1 at the University of California, San Francisco. Ninety-four @entity1 underwent 103 reoperations for primary recurrent @entity850 (nine @entity1 had bilateral repairs). Seventy-two operations (70%) were performed to relieve cerebrovascular symptoms whereas the indication for 31 operations (30%) was high-grade @entity850 . The cause of primary recurrent @entity850 was @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) in 47 cases, whereas 56 were caused by recurrent @entity731 ( @entity731 ). Secondary recurrent @entity850 developed in six @entity1 from our own series (5.8%) and an additional six @entity1 were referred after reoperation elsewhere. The 12 lesions in this group were evenly divided between @entity1373 (six) and recurrent @entity731 (six). @entity1373 resulted in a single tertiary recurrent @entity850 . Myointimectomy or repeat endarterectomy and vein patch angioplasty were the most commonly used techniques for repair of a primary recurrent @entity850 . Secondary recurrent @entity850 necessitated resection of the carotid bifurcation and graft interposition when caused by @entity1373 . Secondary recurrent @entity850 caused by @entity731 could be treated by repeat endarterectomy and vein patch angioplasty in five of six cases. @entity64 occurred in the entire series (4.3%), resulting in two deaths. There were 23 @entity129 , which rarely persisted beyond 3 months. The morbidity and mortality rates for primary and secondary carotid reoperation are comparable to the original procedure and should not deter the vascular surgeon from reoperative carotid reconstruction whenever indicated.

title: Recurrent XXXX : operative strategy and late results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Five strokes']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['MIH', 'myointimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'ASO']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term outcome and technical feasibility of sternal resection. METHODS: We performed a 25-year retrospective study of 68 @entity1 who underwent a sternectomy for @entity242 , recurrent @entity0 ( @entity0 ) or radiation-induced @entity39 between 1981 and 2006 in two tertiary referral centres (Erasmus Medical Center/Daniel den Hoed @entity5 Center and Netherlands @entity5 Center/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Netherlands). @entity1 were treated with curative intent and followed until May 2009. Medical records were reviewed for @entity1 characteristics, indications for surgery, surgical technique, @entity260 , and survival. RESULTS: Sternal resection was performed in 43 @entity242 @entity1 , 17 recurrent @entity0 and 8 @entity1 with radiation-induced @entity39 with additional rib resection in the majority of @entity1 and with clavicle resection in 13% of @entity1 . Additional scapula, lung, breast or axilla resection, or both, was performed in 10%. Two @entity1 died postoperatively (3%). Mild complications occurred in 24%, and severe complications (namely, @entity358 and reinterventions) in 16% of @entity1 . Radical resection was achieved in 80% and 53% of @entity242 and recurrent @entity0 @entity1 , respectively. Five-year overall survival was 64% and 40% in @entity242 and recurrent @entity0 @entity1 , respectively, with 5-year disease-free survivals of 52% and 15%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity242 , recurrent @entity0 , and radiation-induced @entity39 can be successfully managed by sternal resection and reconstruction with curative intent. Low mortality and acceptable morbidity rates justify this operation in a palliative setting as well. Disease-free survival is poor among recurrent @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Sternal resection for @entity242 , recurrent @entity0 , and radiation-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'Sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: In a qualitative systematic review, we have evaluated randomized controlled trials (RCT) of incisional local anaesthesia compared with placebo or no treatment in the control of @entity282 after open abdominal operations. Twenty-six studies with data from 1211 @entity1 were considered appropriate for analysis. Five RCT considered inguinal herniotomy, four hysterectomy, eight cholecystectomy and nine studies a variety of surgical procedures. Outcome measures were @entity158 scores, supplementary analgesics and time to first analgesic request. Efficacy was estimated by significant difference (P < 0.05), as reported in the original investigation. All studies of herniotomy showed a 2-7-h duration of clinically relevant improved @entity158 relief. Results of hysterectomy studies were inconclusive, with two being negative. Five of the cholecystectomy studies showed significant differences but questionable clinical importance and validity in three. In various other procedures results were inconsistent and in some of minor clinical importance. Except for herniotomy, there was a lack of evidence for effect of incisional local anaesthesia on @entity282 and further standardized studies are needed before recommendations can be made.

title: A qualitative systematic review of incisional local anaesthesia for XXXX relief after abdominal operations.

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is crucial for the generation and maintenance of both embryonic and adult stem cells, thereby regulating development and tissue homeostasis. In the developing neocortex, @entity4851 ( @entity4851 ) regulates neural progenitor cell proliferation. During neurogenesis, radial glial cells of the ventricular zone (VZ) are the predominant neocortical progenitors that generate neurons through both symmetric and asymmetric divisions. Despite its importance, relatively little is known of the molecular pathways that control the switch from symmetric proliferative to differentiative/neurogenic divisions in neural progenitors. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we report that conditional inactivation of @entity2750 , a negative regulator of the @entity4851 pathway, in Nestin positive neural progenitors of the neocortex leads to lamination defects due to improper corticogenesis and an increase in the number of symmetric proliferative divisions of the radial glial cells. Hedgehog-activated VZ progenitor cells demonstrated a concomitant upregulation of @entity1135 and @entity4852 , downstream targets of Notch signaling. The Notch signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of stem/progenitor cells and the regulation of glial versus neuronal identity. To study the effect of Notch signaling on Hh-activated neural progenitors, we inactivated both @entity2750 and @entity4853 , a transcriptional mediator of Notch signaling, in Nestin positive cells of the neocortex. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that by mid neurogenesis (embryonic day 14.5), attenuation of Notch signaling reverses the effect of @entity2750 deletion on neurogenesis by restoring the balance between symmetric proliferative and neurogenic divisions. Hence, our results demonstrate that correct corticogenesis is an outcome of the interplay between the Hh and Notch signaling pathways.

title: XXXX and notch signaling can cooperate to regulate neurogenic divisions of neocortical progenitors.

answer: @entity4851 :: (6469,Gene) :: ['Sonic hedgehog']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Because of the small number of self-reported measures of disease impact on the quality of @entity1 ' life used in Poland and specific for @entity15 ( @entity15 ), the aim of the study was to validate selected aspects of psychometry of the Polish adaptation of the @entity15 Impact Scale 29, MSIS-29. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MSIS-29 was first published by Hobart and Thompson in 2001, and consists of 29 questions, the first 20 of which address the physical impact component and 9 assess the psychological impact. The higher the score, the worse is the impact of the disease on quality of @entity1 's life. Validation analysis consisted of translation of the original English version into Polish according to all necessary translation principles and of assessment of convergent validity and internal reliability of the Polish version of MSIS-29. 104 randomly selected @entity1 with definite @entity15 (according to McDonald criteria) were examined: 77 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 ; mean age was 36.9+/-9.4 years, and the mean disease duration was 9.05+/-6.68 years. The disability of the @entity1 was assessed according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Apart from the examined measure (MSIS-29) subjects were also asked to complete the Functional Assessment of @entity15 (FAMS), Beck's @entity308 Inventory (BDI-II) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). RESULTS: MSIS-29 correlated with EDSS, FAMS, BDI-II and FSS. Internal consistency of MSIS-29 was satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: Psychometric-statistical analysis showed that the Polish version of MSIS-29 is a valuable measure to examine the impact of disease on @entity1 ' life. The studies should be continued taking into account other aspects of psychometry.

title: [Validation of selected aspects of psychometry of the Polish version of the XXXX Impact Scale 29 (MSIS-29)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the @entity137 profile and the recommended dose (RD) for phase II of a combination of @entity11730 and weekly administration of @entity1205 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with histologically diagnosed recurrent or unresectable locally advanced @entity356 were enrolled. A fixed oral dose of 80 mg/m2 @entity11730 was given for 3 weeks. @entity1205 was infused intravenously on day 1, 8 and 15, repeated every 5 weeks. A pharmacokinetic study was also performed. RESULTS: A total of 14 @entity1 were enrolled. One dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) (grade 3 @entity294 with @entity1398 ) occurred at level 2. DLTs occurred in 3/5 @entity1 at level 3, (grade 3 @entity3136 , with @entity1398 or continuous grade 4 @entity1398 ). The pharmacokinetic study suggested no drug interactions. Overall response and disease control rates were 20% and 80%, respectively. The response rate at the RD (level 2) was 50%. Overall survival was 9.4 months. CONCLUSION: RD was level 2 (80 mg/m2 of @entity11730 for 3 weeks and 20 mg/m2 of @entity1205 on day 1, 8 and 15, every 5 weeks). Dose intensities of @entity11730 and @entity1205 were 48 mg/m2/week and 12 mg/m2/week, respectively. This regimen showed promising activity for advanced @entity356 .

title: Phase I study of combination therapy with XXXX and weekly @entity1205 for advanced @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity11730 :: (5707,Gene) :: ['S-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite demonstrated improvement in @entity1 outcomes with use of the Pediatric @entity131 ( @entity131 ) Guidelines (Guidelines), there are differential rates of adherence. Provider perspectives on barriers and facilitators to adherence have not been elucidated. This study aimed to identify and explore in depth the provider perspective on factors associated with adherence to the Guidelines using 19 focus groups with nurses and physicians who provided acute management for pediatric @entity1 with @entity131 at five university-affiliated Level 1 @entity130 centers. Data were examined using deductive and inductive content analysis. Results indicated that three inter-related domains were associated with clinical adherence: 1) perceived guideline credibility and applicability to individual @entity1 , 2) implementation, dissemination, and enforcement strategies, and 3) provider culture, communication styles, and attitudes towards protocols. Specifically, Guideline usefulness was determined by the perceived relevance to the individual @entity1 given age, injury etiology, and severity and the strength of the evidence. Institutional methods to formally endorse, codify, and implement the Guidelines into the local culture were important. Providers wanted local protocols developed using interdisciplinary consensus. Finally, a culture of collaboration, including consistent, respectful communication and interdisciplinary cooperation, facilitated adherence. Provider training and experience, as well as attitudes towards other standardized care protocols, mirror the use and attitudes towards the Guidelines. Adherence was determined by the interaction of each of these guideline, institutional, and provider factors acting in concert. Incorporating provider perspectives on barriers and facilitators to adherence into hospital and team protocols is an important step toward improving adherence and ultimately @entity1 outcomes.

title: A Qualitative Study Exploring Factors Associated with Provider Adherence to Severe Pediatric XXXX Guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic Brain Injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: @entity4177 is the most common @entity96 , and complete resection is required for long-term survival. There are few reported @entity4177 cell lines available for study. In order to develop in vitro and animal models, the authors isolated an additional cell line ( @entity4178 ) from a @entity1 @entity4177 and here report its characteristics in culture. Cells were analyzed for growth rate, clonigenicity, and tumorigenicity, using electron microscopy. Immunocytochemistry and Northern analysis for the expression of specific surface markers and genes of interest were also performed. @entity4178 cells required fetal calf serum but grew well in culture (population doubling time of 2 days) and had an undifferentiated appearance under electron microscopy. @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) and @entity701 stimulated growth with or without serum, but not autocrine growth stimulation via the @entity470 was detected. Proteins produced by @entity4178 cells under normal culture conditions included alpha-fetoprotein, cytokeratins 8 and 18, and @entity880 dehydrogenase (with an isozyme subunit composition similar to that of liver). @entity4178 cells showed chronic, high expression of @entity517 and Ha-ras oncogenes but no @entity4180 and apparently normal RB gene expression. This cell line shows characteristics in culture consistent with malignant, hepatic epithelial cells and is apparently @entity4179 dependent. It may provide a model system for the future development of alternative therapies.

title: Establishment and characterization of a novel XXXX -derived cell line.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatoblastoma', 'hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['hepatoblastoma']


abstract: Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with external beam irradiation (50-60 Gy) followed by a boost-dose of 15-20 Gy by means of low dose rate intraluminal brachytherapy. Of the 35 @entity1 treated 17 (48%) were pretreated with laser therapy or dilation alone. Although the intraluminal application time was long (up to 36 h) the treatment was feasible with minor acute @entity137 . The palliative effect of the combined treatment was excellent; a 6 weeks post-treatment 32 of the 35 @entity1 were able to eat solid food. Late complications were seen in six @entity1 (17%), of which only one was severe and probably treatment-related. The median survival was 11 months; the 1- and 2-year survival were 42% and 10% respectively. The survival was strongly dependent on local control. Distant metastases became evident in 23% of @entity1 . The interval between external radiotherapy and brachytherapy seemed to be critical. The results were compared with 68 historical controls. A significantly better survival was observed at 6 months. It is concluded that low dose rate intraluminal brachytherapy is a useful and feasible technique to increase the total dose for obtaining a better local control. The shortcomings are discussed and ideas for further improvement are mentioned.

title: Combined external beam and low dose rate intraluminal radiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophageal cancer']


abstract: Eight HPV types (HPV26, 53, 66, 67, 68, 70, 73 and 82) that are phylogenetically closely related to 12 WHO-defined high-risk (HR) HPV have been rarely but consistently identified as single HPV infections in about 3% of @entity5 (CxCa) tissues. Due to lack of biological data, these types are referred to as probable/possible (p) HR-HPV. To analyse their biological activity in direct comparison to HR-HPV types, we selected 55 @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) CxCa tissues harbouring single pHR-HPV infections (2-13 cases per type) and 266 tissues harbouring single HR-HPV (7-40 cases per type) from a worldwide, retrospective, cross-sectional study. @entity281 was verified by two genotyping methods. Presence of type-specific spliced E6*I mRNA transcripts and expression of cellular proteins indicative of HPV transformation were assessed in all cases. In 55 CxCa tissues with pHR-HPV, E6*I mRNA expression was 100%; high @entity986 ( @entity986 ) , 98%; low @entity996 , 96%; low CyD1, 93%; and low @entity876 , 84%. Compared to @entity1799 tissues as a reference, individual frequencies of these five markers did not differ significantly, either for any of the eight pHR-HPV and the 11 other HR types individually or for the groups of pHR and HR types without @entity1799 . We conclude that the eight pHR-HPV types, when present as a single infection in CxCa, are biologically active and affect the same cellular pathways as any of the fully recognized @entity8811 . Therefore we have provided molecular evidence of carcinogenicity for types currently classified as probably/possibly carcinogenic. Although this evidence is crucial for @entity164 classification, per se it is not sufficient for inclusion of these HPV types into population-wide primary and secondary prevention programmes. Such decisions have to include careful estimation of effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses.

title: Pathogenic role of the eight probably/possibly carcinogenic HPV types 26, 53, 66, 67, 68, 70, 73 and 82 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity8811 :: ('MESH:D013631', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenic HR-HPV types']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Single HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-type carcinogenicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: This investigation reports for the first time the establishment of immortalized clones of @entity935 -producing nerve cells in culture. Freshly prepared single-cell suspensions from fetal (12-day-old) @entity35 mesencephalic tissue were transfected with plasmid vectors, pSV3neo and pSV5neo, using an electroporation technique. Cells were plated in tissue culture dishes which were precoated with a special substrate and contained modified @entity3410 growth medium with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum. The immortalized cells were selected by placing the transfected cells in a selection medium (modified @entity3410 containing 400 micrograms/ml geneticin). The survivors showed the presence of T-antigens and were non-tumorigenic. Two cell lines, 1RB3 derived from cells transfected with pSV3neo, and 2RB5 derived from cells transfected with pSV5neo revealed only 1 to 2% @entity669 hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells. Repeated single-cell cloning of these cell lines by a standard technique failed to increase the number of TH-positive cells in any clones. Using three cycles of growth, alternating between hormone-supplemented, serum-free medium and serum-containing medium produced a cell line (1RB3A) that was very rich in TH-positive cells. The recloning of 1RB3A yielded clones some of which contained over 95% TH-positive cells. These cells produced @entity4926 , a metabolite of @entity935 , and may be useful not only for neural transplant but also for basic neurobiological studies.

title: Establishment and characterization of immortalized clonal cell lines from fetal XXXX mesencephalic tissue.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy affect the physiology of the thyroid gland. Consequently, interpretation of thyroid function markers during pregnancy requires trimester-specific reference intervals. The aims of our study were to: 1) establish first-trimester reference intervals for biochemical markers of thyroid function [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free @entity1955 (T4)] and 2) to establish the prevalence of @entity1669 in pregnant @entity1 resident in Cartagena (Murcia, Spain). @entity1 AND METHOD: A total of 441 @entity1 between weeks 11 and 13 of pregnancy were included in this study. A blood sample was extracted from all @entity1 to measure TSH, free T4 and antithyroid antibodies. Reference intervals for TSH and free T4 were determined in 400 pregnant @entity1 without @entity1669 or known @entity1374 . RESULTS: @entity1669 was detected in 23 pregnant @entity1 (5.2%) who showed TSH levels higher than those in pregnant @entity1 without @entity1669 . First-trimester reference intervals were as follows: TSH: 0.130-3.710 mUI/L; free T4: 0.89-1.50 ng/dL. These reference intervals differed from the non-pregnant reference intervals used in our laboratory. CONCLUSIONS: The reference intervals established are useful to evaluate thyroid function in @entity1 between 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy. Interpretation of thyroid function requires intervals established in a reference population without @entity1669 and with the methodology usually used to analyze these markers.

title: [Evaluation of thyroid function during pregnancy: first-trimester reference intervals for thyroid-stimulating hormone and free XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'thyroid autoimmunity', 'Autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['thyroxine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sleep and optimism are important psycho-biological and personality constructs, respectively. However, very little work has examined the causal relationship between them, and none has examined the potential mechanisms operating in the relationship. This study aimed to understand whether @entity25 was a cause or an effect of optimism, and whether @entity308 mood could explain the relationship. METHOD: Internet survey data were collected from 987 Chinese working adults (63.4% female, 92.4% full-time workers, 27.0% married, 90.2% Hong Kong residents, mean age=32.59 at three time-points, spanning about 19months). Measures included a Chinese attributional style questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the @entity308 Stress Scale. RESULTS: Cross-sectional analyses revealed moderate correlations among @entity25 , @entity308 mood, and optimism. Cross-lagged analyses showed a bidirectional causality between optimism and sleep. Path analysis demonstrated that @entity308 mood fully mediated the influence of optimism on @entity25 , and it partially mediated the influence of @entity25 on optimism. CONCLUSION: Optimism improves sleep. Poor sleep makes a pessimist. The effects of @entity25 on optimism could not be fully explained by @entity308 mood, highlighting the unique role of sleep on optimism. Understanding the mechanisms of the feedback loop of @entity25 , mood, and optimism may provide insights for clinical interventions for individuals presented with mood-related problems.

title: Bidirectional relationship between sleep and optimism with XXXX mood as a mediator: A longitudinal study of Chinese working adults.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression Anxiety', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive']


abstract: In this paper the contribution of different accessory molecules to the adhesion of resting, naive and memory @entity404 + T cells was examined utilizing a panel of CHO cell transfectants as model @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). @entity404 + T lymphocytes demonstrated strong adhesion to HLA-DR4 transfected CHO cells co-expressing B7, @entity2071 or @entity7937 molecules, suggesting that all three adhesion pathways is utilized by resting @entity404 + cells. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against the corresponding receptors on T cells, e.g. anti- @entity1361 , anti- @entity1453 beta and anti- @entity3138 , inhibited completely T-cell adhesion to natural ligands expressed on transfected CHO cells. Pretreatment of @entity404 + T cells with NKI-L16 MoAb, which interact with an activation epitope on @entity1453 chain, enhanced adhesion to @entity2071 but not B7 or @entity7937 -expressing CHO cells. Analysis of T helper-cell subsets revealed that @entity2414 cells bound several fold stronger to @entity2071 expressing transfectants compared to the @entity404 + 45RA+ naive T cells, whereas adhesion to B7, @entity7937 / @entity7937 -expressing CHO cells was similar in both T-cell subsets. The kinetics of adhesion of naive and memory @entity404 + T cells to @entity2071 was rapid and similar in both subsets. The NKI-L16 MoAb multiplied several times @entity2071 -dependent adhesion in naive compared to memory cells, which enabled the naive cells to reach a similar adhesion level as memory cells. The results suggest that resting naive @entity404 + T cells utilize preferentially the @entity3138 / @entity7937 or @entity1361 /B7 adhesion pathways upon adhesion to @entity1358 , while memory @entity404 + T cells utilize the @entity3138 / @entity7937 , @entity1361 /B7 and @entity1453 / @entity2071 adhesion pathways. The NKI-L16 MoAb-induced upregulation of adhesion involves an increased affinity of @entity1453 for its ligand and not a change in the number of @entity1453 molecules. This is compatible with a view that naive cells express a large number of inactive @entity1453 molecules, whereas memory cells express preferentially activated @entity1453 molecules. The inherent low number of active @entity1453 molecules on naive @entity404 + T cells may be important in keeping these cells in a resting state.

title: Human naive and XXXX -helper cells display distinct adhesion properties to @entity2071 , @entity7937 and B7 molecules.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['antigen-presenting cells', 'APCs']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory T']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2521 , a chronic @entity2348 , is a novel risk factor for @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Given the numerous shared risk factors for @entity65 and @entity740 ( @entity740 ), we hypothesized that @entity2521 also is associated with @entity177 in the @entity731 Risk in Communities study. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 5,537 middle-aged black and white @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity2521 was determined by using an independent clinically derived definition and categorized as healthy/ @entity2522 , initial, and severe. @entity177 is defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for @entity177 using healthy/ @entity2522 as the referent group. RESULTS: A total of 2,276 individuals had @entity2521 , and 947 individuals had @entity2520 . One hundred ten individuals (2%) had a GFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Compared with healthy/ @entity2522 , @entity2520 were associated with a GFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 3.24) for @entity2520 and an odds ratio of 2.14 for severe disease (95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 3.85) after adjustment for important risk factors for @entity65 and @entity740 . Sensitivity analysis showed that initial and severe @entity2521 were each associated with an elevated serum @entity1011 level ( @entity1 , >1.4 mg/dL [>124 micromol/L]; @entity1 , >1.2 mg/dL [>106 micromol/L]; odds ratio, 3.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.32 to 7.76 and odds ratio, 5.39; 95% confidence interval, 2.08 to 13.99, respectively). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to show an association of @entity2520 with prevalent @entity177 . A prospective study is necessary to determine the exact nature of the observed relationship.

title: XXXX is associated with @entity177 in the @entity731 Risk In Communities (ARIC) study.

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['initial and severe periodontal disease', 'periodontal disease', 'initial periodontal disease', 'severe periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal insufficiency', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'initial periodontitis', 'Periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Dental Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['Periodontal disease']


abstract: Surprisingly little is known about the impact of @entity16 on target innervation and the relationship of nerve fibre pathology to sensory symptoms and signs. @entity923 is the most common @entity16 ; the aim of this study was to investigate its effect on the morphology of small unmyelinated as well as myelinated sensory axons and relate such changes to somatosensory function and clinical symptoms. Thirty @entity1 with a clinical and electrophysiological diagnosis of @entity923 [17 females, mean age (standard deviation) 56.4 (15.3)] and 26 age and gender matched healthy volunteers [18 females, mean age (standard deviation) 51.0 (17.3)] participated in the study. Small and large fibre function was examined with quantitative sensory testing in the median nerve territory of the hand. Vibration and mechanical detection thresholds were significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity923 (P < 0.007) confirming large fibre dysfunction and @entity1 also presented with increased thermal detection thresholds (P < 0.0001) indicative of C and @entity2537 . Mechanical and thermal @entity158 thresholds were comparable between groups (P > 0.13). A skin biopsy was taken from a median nerve innervated area of the proximal phalanx of the index finger. Immunohistochemical staining for protein gene product 9.5 and @entity2610 was used to evaluate morphological features of unmyelinated and myelinated axons. Evaluation of intraepidermal nerve fibre density showed a striking loss in @entity1 (P < 0.0001) confirming a significant compromise of small fibres. The extent of Meissner corpuscles and dermal nerve bundles were comparable between groups (P > 0.07). However, @entity1 displayed a significant increase in the percentage of elongated nodes (P < 0.0001), with altered architecture of voltage-gated @entity1372 channel distribution. Whereas neither neurophysiology nor quantitative sensory testing correlated with @entity1 ' symptoms or function deficits, the presence of elongated nodes was inversely correlated with a number of functional and symptom related scores (P < 0.023). Our findings suggest that @entity923 does not exclusively affect large fibres but is associated with loss of function in modalities mediated by both unmyelinated and myelinated sensory axons. We also document for the first time that @entity16 lead to a clear reduction in intraepidermal nerve fibre density, which was independent of electrodiagnostic test severity. The presence of elongated nodes in the target tissue further suggests that @entity16 affect nodal structure/myelin well beyond the focal compression site. Interestingly, nodal lengthening may be an adaptive phenomenon as it inversely correlates with symptom severity.

title: The relationship of nerve fibre pathology to sensory function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2610 :: ('4155', 'Gene') :: ['myelin basic protein']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['entrapment neuropathies', 'entrapment neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['A  -fibre dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome', 'Carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['entrapment neuropathy']


abstract: Different lines of evidence suggest that higher intake of fiber may somehow protect against @entity209 . The prebiotic inulin has widely been studied in relation to its putative beneficial effects on lipid and @entity413 metabolism. Therefore, adding inulin to diet may be a suitable strategy to prevent @entity209 . Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the daily consumption of inulin-enriched @entity23716 on lipid and @entity413 metabolism as well as on gastrointestinal motility in young healthy subjects. Methods. Twenty-two healthy young male volunteers entered a randomized double blind cross-over study consisting of a 2-weeks a run-in period, two 5-weeks study periods (11% inulin-enriched or control @entity23716 ), and an 8-weeks wash-out period in between. Serum lipid and @entity413 concentrations were evaluated by routine biochemical analyses. Gastric emptying time and electrical activity were non-invasively evaluated by ultrasound and electrogastrography. Data were analyzed by Friedman Repeated Measures ANOVA test. Results. Significant differences among baseline and the treatment group were found for HDL- @entity165 (p=0.004), total @entity165 /HDL- @entity165 ratio (p=0.006), @entity1674 (p=0.04), fasting @entity413 level (p=0.044), @entity9208 (p=0.0478), HbA1c (p=0.04), and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) (p=0.045). The gastric emptying, expressed as final emptying time, was found significantly delayed in the group that assumed inulin-enriched @entity23716 (p=0.008). Conclusions. Inulin-enriched @entity23716 improved lipidic and glicidic metabolism as well as the insulin resistance in healthy young subjects. In addition, it delayed the gastric emptying time which may represent the physiological counterpart of its metabolic effects.

title: Metabolic effects of a diet with inulin-enriched XXXX in healthy young volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity23716 :: (50651,Gene) :: ['pasta']