abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate, in a large population-based cohort, the hypothesis that the risk of pregnancy-induced @entity101 is lower among pregnancies complicated by @entity5030 compared with pregnancies occurring in @entity1 with fundally implanted placentas. STUDY DESIGN: Data for this retrospective cohort study were derived from the computerized Atlee perinatal database of the Reproductive Care Program, Nova Scotia, Canada. @entity1 who were delivered in the province between 1980 and 1993 were included in the study. @entity1 with pregnancy-induced @entity101 were clinically diagnosed by the presence of elevated blood pressure, @entity644 , or @entity4 . The risk of pregnancy-induced @entity101 was compared between @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5030 and those with a normally implanted placenta, after adjustment for potential confounders through multivariable logistic regression models based on the method of generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: During the 14 years (1980 to 1993), 121,082 singleton pregnancies were registered in the program, 416 (0.4%) of which had a confirmed diagnosis of @entity5030 . @entity1 with chronic @entity101 had a relative risk of 1.2 (95% confidence interval 0.4 to 3.7) for @entity5030 compared with normotensive @entity1 . However, the risk of pregnancy-induced @entity101 was reduced by half among those with @entity5030 (relative risk 0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 0.7). Adjustments for potential confounders, including maternal age, parity, prepregnancy body weight, prior cesarean delivery, prior spontaneous or induced abortions, and cigarette smoking, had no influence on this association. Analyses on the basis of stratification of @entity1 by parity (nulliparous vs multiparous), cigarette smoking (smoker vs nonsmoker), and gestational duration (< 28, 28 to 32, 33 to 36, and > 37 completed weeks) consistently showed reduced risks for pregnancy-induced @entity101 among @entity1 with @entity5030 , indicating that the association was not a result of shortened duration of gestation among @entity1 with @entity5030 . CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study clearly show a decreased frequency of pregnancy-induced @entity101 among those pregnancies with @entity5030 . We speculate that the pathophysiologic mechanisms for this finding may be due to altered placental perfusion seen among @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5030 .

title: Relationship between pregnancy-induced XXXX and @entity5030 : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5030 :: ('MESH:D010923', 'Disease') :: ['placenta previa']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: It is unknown whether low to moderate maternal @entity167 consumption adversely affects postnatal health. The aim of the present study was to develop a rodent model of low-moderate-dose prenatal @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) exposure. @entity35 were fed a liquid diet with or without 6% v/v @entity167 throughout gestation and the pattern of dietary consumption determined. Fetal bodyweights and hepatic @entity167 -metabolising gene expression were measured on embryonic Day (E) 20 and offspring growth studied until 1 year. At E8 the plasma @entity167 concentration was 0.03%. There was little difference in dietary consumption between the two treatment groups. At E20, @entity167 -exposed fetuses were significantly lighter than controls and had significantly decreased @entity43965 and increased @entity11920 gene expression. Offspring killed on @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 30 did not exhibit any growth deficits. Longitudinal repeated measures of offspring growth demonstrated slower growth in males from @entity167 -fed dams between 7 and 12 months of age; a cohort of male pups killed at 8 months of age had a reduced crown-rump length and kidney weight. In conclusion, a liquid diet of 6% v/v @entity167 fed to pregnant dams throughout gestation caused a 3-8% reduction in fetal growth and brain sparing, with growth differences observed in male offspring later in life. This model will be useful for future studies on the effects of low-moderate @entity167 on the developmental origins of health and disease.

title: A rodent model of low- to moderate-dose XXXX consumption during pregnancy: patterns of @entity1068 consumption and effects on fetal and offspring growth.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'postnatal Day']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'EtOH']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: The effects of @entity3800 and @entity172 on the external morphology and electric organ discharge (EOD) waveform in @entity31457 , a weakly discharging electric fish, were investigated. Following preimplant data collection, juvenile and adult fish were gonadectomized and implanted with silastic capsules containing either high or low doses of @entity251 (T), @entity586 ( @entity587 ), @entity53 -17 beta (E2), or @entity165 . One group of fish was treated with high doses of @entity587 + E2. Radioimmunoassays revealed that low-dose implants resulted in plasma T levels comparable to and high-dose implants about sixfold greater than those found in adult males imported during breeding season. High-dose E2 implants resulted in higher plasma E2 levels in adults than those in juveniles. At either dose, both @entity3800 induced male-like indentations in the dorsal margin of the anal fin of juveniles and adult females by 4 weeks postimplant. Both low and high doses of T decreased the peak power spectrum frequency (PPSF) of Fourier transformations of EODs and increased the durations of phases 2 and 3 of the EOD in juveniles and adults, but the high doses caused more rapid and profound effects. The two doses of T caused opposite effects on the durations of phases 1 and 4 juveniles. The low dose of T decreased the durations of phases 1 and 4, while the high dose increased them. In adults, the high dose of T increased the duration of phase 1, but had inconsistent effects on the duration of phase 4. Total EOD durations were increased by both doses of T in juveniles, while adults showed inconsistent effects possibly due to individual variability in hormone sensitivity. Compared to T, @entity587 exerted similar, but less dramatic effects on all measures, but only at high doses. E2 significantly increased adult PPSFs, the first such finding in a mormyrid species. E2 had no effects on juvenile PPSFs, or on adult or juvenile EOD phase durations. The effects of @entity587 + E2 on PPSF and phases 2 and 3 were similar to those of @entity587 alone. These findings demonstrate quantifiable @entity134 -dependent plasticity in the durations of individual phases of EODs in an electric fish and are the first to show that the external morphology in @entity31457 is @entity342 -dependent. The results are discussed with regard to methodological considerations and hormone studies involving sex differences in EODs reported for this and other species.

title: The effects of @entity3800 and XXXX on the external morphology and electric organ discharge waveform of @entity31457 (Mormyridae, Teleostei).

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity31457 :: ('42645', 'Species') :: ['Gnathonemus petersii']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess complete remission (CR) and survival in @entity1 with systemic @entity791 -related @entity1893 (ARL) receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: We analyzed the Grupo de Estudio del SIDA register of systemic ARL, which started in Jan 1994, to collect cases diagnosed at 15 institutions prospectively and with active follow-up every 6 months. The date of censorship for this study was March 2005. RESULTS: During the study period, 210 consecutive @entity1 were diagnosed with ARL, with a median age 39 of years, 75.7% of whom were male, and with a median baseline @entity404 count of 160 cells/microL. Histologic subtypes were diffuse large @entity1892 (DLCL; n = 153 [72.9%]), Burkitt and atypical @entity2109 ( @entity2109 ; n = 40 [19.0%]), @entity784 ( @entity784 ; n = 8 [3.8%]), and miscellaneous (n = 9 [4.3%]). Chemotherapy with or without other modalities was administered to 186 (88.6%) @entity1 . In an intent-to-treat analysis of 184 @entity1 who received at least 1 chemotherapy course with adequate follow-up to assess their response, 119 (64.7%) achieved CR, and the median length @entity1349 (Kaplan-Meier analysis) was 52 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23 to 82 months). Factors independently associated with CR were histologic subtype and International Prognostic Index (IPI) score. Factors independently associated with improved overall length @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were CR, low IPI score, and histologic subtype. The single factor independently associated with disease-free survival was Ann Arbor stage. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with ARL treated with HAART, CR was associated exclusively with @entity5 -related factors. The CR rate was poorer in @entity1 with @entity2109 and @entity784 subtypes and was inversely correlated with IPI score. @entity1349 was independently associated with CR, IPI score, and the histologic subtype.

title: Prognosis of @entity791 -related systemic @entity1893 treated with chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy depends exclusively on XXXX -related factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['TC', 'T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt/Burkitt-like lymphoma', 'BL']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'of survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The pigmentoarchitectonic analysis of the @entity1 nucleus @entity3456 reveals three main territories: Pars compacta, pars diffusa and pars reticulata. Seven subnuclei are recognized within the pars compacta. The nerve cell types forming the nucleus @entity3456 were investigated using a Golgi de-impregnation technique in combination with counterstaining of intraneuronally deposited pigment granules. Three principal types of neurons were defined: Type I was a medium-sized to large neuron, mainly encountered in the pars compacta, giving off a few thick and sparsely branching dendrites. These cells were richly endowed with elongated patches of Nissl material that were mainly found in the peripheral portions of the dendrites. One pole of the cell body contained tightly packed neuromelanin granules. @entity528 were mainly found in the pars reticulata. They were variable in size and shape and generated, similar to type I neurons, extended and sparsely branching dendrites. @entity528 were devoid of neuromelanin. A considerable number of these cells were lacking in lipofuscin deposits as well. @entity528 occurred in all portions of the nuclear complex. The small cell body gave rise to a few thin and spineless dendrites. The axon and filiform processes of the dendrites showed small varicosities irregularly spaced apart. The pale cytoplasm contained small and intensely stained lipofuscin granules, which did not tend to agglomerate. Intraneuronally deposited @entity38212 and lipofuscin pigment can be considered a natural marker of the neuronal type in the nucleus @entity3456 of the @entity1 adult. The technique and the data provide a basis for investigations of the aged and the diseased @entity1 brain.

title: Nuclear configuration and neuronal types of the nucleus @entity3456 in the brain of the XXXX adult.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Type II neurons', 'Type III neurons']

entities_list: @entity38212 :: ('MESH:C014121', 'Chemical') :: ['neuromelanin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity102 has been shown to adversely impact immune system functions and compromise host defenses against @entity281 . However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies have demonstrated that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in regulating immunity. It is of interest to explore whether or not chronic @entity1642 plays immunosuppressive functions partially by inducing @entity38425 . In this work, we report that chronic @entity1642 led to the accumulation of @entity3804 + @entity17775 + cells in the bone marrow of BALB/c @entity19 . Repeated b-agonist infusion showed no such effect. However, b-adrenergic blockade, but not glucocorticoids blockade, partially reversed the accumulation of @entity3804 + @entity17775 + cells under the condition of chronic @entity1642 , suggesting @entity2661 collaborate with other factors to induce the accumulation. Further exploration indicates that @entity1996 ( @entity1996 )- @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) loop might act downstream to induce the accumulation. A majority of the accumulated @entity3804 + @entity17775 + cells were @entity17775 + @entity19347 (low) immature neutrophils, which inhibited cytokine release of macrophages as well as T cell responsiveness. Moreover, the accumulated @entity3804 + @entity17775 + cells under the condition of chronic @entity1642 expressed multiple inhibitory molecules. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that chronic @entity1642 induces @entity38425 in @entity19 , which can contribute to immunosuppression.

title: @entity102 induces the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic psychological stress']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['various infections']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

entities_list: @entity38425 :: ('OMIM:601308', 'Disease') :: ['MDSCs accumulation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Estimation of serum concentrations of free @entity251 (FT) and bioavailable @entity251 (bioT) by calculation is an inexpensive and uncomplicated method. We compared results obtained with 5 different algorithms. METHODS: We used 5 different published algorithms [described by Sodergard et al. (bioTS and @entity36591 ), Vermeulen et al. (bioTV and FTV), Emadi-Konjin et al. (bioTE), Morris et al. (bioTM), and Ly et al. ( @entity31393 )] to estimate bioT and FT concentrations in samples obtained from 399 independently living @entity1 (ages 40-80 years) participating in a cross-sectional, single-center study. RESULTS: Mean bioT was highest for bioTS (10.4 nmol/L) and lowest for bioT(E) (3.87 nmol/L). Mean FT was highest for @entity36591 (0.41 nmol/L), followed by FTV (0.35 nmol/L), and @entity31393 (0.29 nmol/L). For bioT concentrations, the Pearson correlation coefficient was highest for the association between bioTS and bioTV (r = 0.98) and lowest between bioTM and bioTE (r = 0.66). @entity31393 was significantly associated with both @entity36591 (r = 0.96) and FTV (r = 0.88). The Pearson correlation coefficient for the association between @entity31393 and bioTM almost reached 1.0. Bland-Altman analysis showed large differences between the results of different algorithms. BioTM, bioTE, bioTV, and @entity31393 were all significantly associated with @entity443 ( @entity443 ) concentrations. CONCLUSION: Algorithms to calculate FT and bioT must be revalidated in the local setting, otherwise over- or underestimation of FT and bioT concentrations can occur. Additionally, confounding of the results by @entity443 concentrations may be introduced.

title: Calculation of bioavailable and free @entity251 in XXXX : a comparison of 5 published algorithms.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The ratio of low- (LDL-C) to high- (HDL-C) density lipoprotein @entity165 serves as a positive predictor of @entity731 including @entity453 . We assessed the contribution of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio to @entity1856 ( @entity1856 ) in @entity1 with unexplained @entity385 . One hundred thirty-seven @entity1 (age, 65  14years; 87 male) with @entity385 underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and enrolled to the study. @entity1 were classified based on TEE findings: (1) @entity1856 <4mm in thickness; (2) @entity1856 >= 4mm; and (3) mobile or ulcerated aortic plaques (MUAPs). We assessed clinical characteristics and biochemical findings, and investigated the relationship between @entity1856 and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio of @entity64 @entity1 . 84 (61%) @entity1 had @entity1856 <4mm, 29 (21%) had @entity1856 >= 4mm, and 24 (18%) had MUAPs. Older age (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.30; p=0.001), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.10 to 7.87; p=0.032) were significantly associated with MUAPs. The incidence of MUAPs substantially increased in @entity1 with LDL-C/HDL-C ratios of >2.23 (p<0.001) when the ratios were divided into quartiles. The LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was closely associated with MUAPs. An elevated LDL-C/HDL-C ratio could be a positive @entity999 .

title: Impact of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio on aortic arch @entity731 in unexplained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['predictor of aortogenic brain embolism']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous aortic plaques', 'AAPs']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Successful treatment of @entity101 often requires the association of drugs from different classes. Combination therapy takes advantage of complementary mechanisms of action, in order to reach target blood pressure (BP) earlier and to minimize the side effects of medications. In the last decade, several randomized trials have demonstrated the efficacy of combining a @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system (RAAS) inhibitor with a @entity460 channel blocker (CCB) or with a diuretic in different populations. The ACCOMPLISH trial was the only large clinical trial that directly compared the two combination strategies. In @entity101 individuals at high cardiovascular risk, @entity2815 plus @entity3591 was superior to @entity2815 plus @entity918 in reducing the primary composite endpoint of @entity65 from cardiovascular causes. Small randomized trials have evaluated the two combination therapies in surrogate endpoints, such as microalbuminuria, with contrasting results. Current European and American guidelines recommend combination therapy as first-line when BP is at least 20/10 mmHg above treatment goals. However, the choice of the best combination therapy is still debated: the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines recommend a RAAS inhibitor plus a CCB, while the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure guidelines underline the pivotal role of @entity2740 diuretics. The combination of a RAAS inhibitor with a CCB demonstrated the best efficacy in reducing cardiovascular endpoint. However, the combination of a RAAS inhibitor with a diuretic has shown beneficial results in particular subgroup of @entity1 , such as @entity1 with @entity712 or with African American origin. This review will focus on the rationale and current evidences about combination therapy in the management of arterial @entity101 .

title: Which is the optimal antihypertensive combination in different diseases, a @entity916 - angiotensin- XXXX system inhibitor with a diuretic or with a @entity460 channel blocker?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity2815 :: ('MESH:C044946', 'Chemical') :: ['benazepril']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events plus death']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: @entity6 is associated with @entity101 . If untreated, @entity101 has a major impact on the clinical course of @entity532 . In this review, we discuss rationale for the use of @entity1289 inhibitors (ACEI) in hypertensive @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 and compare those theoretical assumptions with results of recent major clinical trials. Furthermore, possible directions for future clinical and experimental research are outlined. The RAS and its effector @entity2178 are important players in a number of @entity65 . Recent evidence suggests that RAS and factors functionally linked to RAS are activated in @entity2175 . Therefore, there is a theoretical basis for the use of ACEI in the treatment of @entity101 in @entity6 @entity1 . Some recent studies reported superior outcome in @entity1 treated with ACEI-based antihypertensive regimens compared with non-ACEI based treatments in reducing the risk of @entity66 (CAPPP, FACET, ABCD) or both micro- and macrovascular complications in @entity2175 (HOPE). However, at least two of the large prospective studies discussed in this review (UKPDS 38, HOT), supported by results from previously published SHEP study, have recently suggested that the degree of @entity551 , rather than the choice of a particular class of antihypertensive agent, is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular events. Studies focusing on renal end-points suggest that ACEI have a superior antiproteinuric effect than the other agents. However, whether ACEI are more nephroprotective, as assessed by the rate of decline in renal function, still remains to be elucidated. Despite promising results from recent trials, large numbers of @entity1 progress despite ACEI treatment. Incomplete inhibition of the RAS may underlie this phenomenon. Treatment strategies that could enhance the degree of RAS inhibition represent one possible direction for clinical research in the near future. However, it is unlikely that the course of such a complex syndrome as @entity2175 could be dramatically changed by just one class of antihypertensive agents. This goal is more likely to be achieved by multifactorial intervention, reflecting the complexity of @entity209 . ACEI should be viewed as an important, but not the only, part of this complex approach.

title: Therapeutic potential of XXXX inhibitors for the treatment of @entity101 in @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 diabetes and its vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and renal disorders']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Iontophoresis transcutaneously delivers anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs for the treatment of @entity85 . @entity3303 is a local anaesthetic with analgesic but no anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the clinical use of @entity3303 iontophoresis-mediated @entity1337 in a larger treatment algorithm for five @entity1 with lateral @entity34129 . METHOD: The investigation was a case series design of five subjects, aged 52 (+/- 6) years, with epicondylalgia of 12-393 days' duration. At each treatment session, the @entity1 received cryotherapy, cross-fibre massage and passive stretch. Between sessions @entity1337 was provided by an 80 mA-min low-current, long-duration @entity3303 iontophoresis (LI) over a 24-hour period. @entity1 were treated on an every-other-day basis for a total of three treatment sessions. Clinical improvements were determined by triplicate measurements of dolorimetric force over the affected epicondyle prior to treatment 1 (baseline), prior to sessions 2 and 3, and one week following the last session. RESULTS: @entity1 demonstrated an increasing tolerance to dolorimetric force application prior to the next session. The force values prior to session 2 (3.1 (+/- 1.1) Newton (N)) and one week following the third session (3.4 (+/- 0.5) N) were significantly improved from the baseline values (2.1 (+/- 0.9) N). CONCLUSIONS: @entity158 associated with @entity5251 decreased, and function improved in all @entity1 at the final measurement. One @entity1 returned during the 90-day follow-up period to seek additional medical attention. This investigation documents the potential for @entity1337 provided by LI in the rehabilitation process of @entity85 .

title: @entity3303 iontophoresis mediates @entity1337 in XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity34129 :: ('MESH:D006810', 'Disease') :: ['humeral epicondylalgia']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylalgia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal dysfunction']

answer: @entity5251 :: (MESH:D010509,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylalgia']


abstract: @entity5 progression requires the dispersion of epithelial cells from neoplastic clusters and cell invasion of adjacent stromal connective tissue. Aiming at demonstrating the precise relationships between cell dispersion and cell invasion, related respectively to expression of @entity5962 /catenin complex and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), we developed an original in vitro model of cell dispersion analysis. Our study reports the validation of this model that allowed us to analyze and quantify the cell cohesion level by means of time-lapse videomicroscopy and computer analysis based on the observation of spatial and temporal cell distribution. Our model was able to distinguish 2 groups among different @entity1 bronchial and mammary epithelial cells previously characterized for the expression of @entity5962 /catenin complex and MMPs and their invasive capacity in the Boyden chamber assay. The first group (16HBE14o(-), MCF-7, T47D) that expressed membranous @entity5962 and @entity3546 , and was negative for @entity1476 expression and non-invasive, displayed a highly cohesive pattern corresponding to a cluster spatial distribution. The second group (Beas2B, BZR, BZR-T33, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, BT549 and HS578T) that was invasive and showed lack of expression of @entity5962 and a cytoplasmic redistribution of @entity3546 , displayed a dispersed pattern corresponding to a random spatial distribution. Downregulation of @entity5962 by a blocking antibody induced a more random distribution. Conversely, expression of @entity5962 by cDNA transfection induced a cluster distribution. Moreover, @entity5 cell lines that co-expressed @entity1551 and @entity1476 (Beas2B, BZR, BZR-T33, MDA-MB-435, BT549 and HS578T) showed a more dispersed pattern than @entity5 cell lines that did not express @entity1476 (MDA-MB-231). In conclusion, we demonstrated that the spatial group behavior of cell lines, i.e., their cohesion/dispersion ability, reflects their invasive properties. Thus, this model of cell dispersion analysis may represent a new test to measure @entity5 cell @entity146 .

title: Quantitative cell dispersion analysis: new test to measure XXXX cell @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity41435 is a distinct clinicopathologic entity. This infrequent pathologic subtype is an aggressive biologic @entity5 associated with a rapid clinical course and poor outcome with conventional treatment modalities in the majority of cases. In a 12-year period from July 1976 to June 1988, 32 cases of @entity1358 of the cervix were identified. This accounted for 5.3% of all cervical @entity189 . The mean age was 10 years younger than that of other histologic subtypes. A disproportional number of @entity1 with @entity1358 had @entity5 of early clinical stages. The 5-year survival of @entity1 with @entity5 was 45% when treated with primary radical surgery in contrast to 90% for squamous cell and 78% for @entity420 . When bimodal therapy with radical surgery and radical radiotherapy was used, the survival of @entity1 with @entity5 improved to 87%. Survival of @entity1 with @entity5 of the cervix improved from 50% to 85% with combined radical surgery and radiotherapy. Despite a combination of radical surgery and radiotherapy, complications were minimal.

title: XXXX : a bimodal treatment strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41435 :: ('MESH:C536823', 'Disease') :: ['Glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage IB glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix', 'Stage IB glassy cell carcinoma', 'Stage II glassy cell carcinoma', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['glassy cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity41435 :: (MESH:C536823,Disease) :: ['Glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Scarce systematic trial data have prevented uniform therapeutic guidelines for @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ). A central need in this historically refractory @entity5 is the controlled evaluation of multiagent chemotherapy and its combination with the currently most active single agent, alemtuzumab. METHODS: This prospective multicenter phase 2 trial assessed response, survival, and @entity137 of a novel regimen in previously treated (n = 9) and treatment-naive (n = 16) @entity1 with @entity6444 . Induction by @entity3118 , @entity2664 , and @entity786 (FMC), for up to 4 cycles, was followed by alemtuzumab (A) consolidation, up to 12 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 25 @entity1 treated with FMC, 21 subsequently received alemtuzumab. Overall response rate to FMC was 68%, comprising 6 complete remissions (all bone-marrow confirmed) and 11 partial remissions. Alemtuzumab consolidation increased the intent-to-treat overall response rate to 92% (12 complete remissions; 11 partial remissions). Median overall survival after FMC-A was 17.1 months and median progression-free survival was 11.9 months. Progression-free survival tended to be shorter for @entity1 with high-level @entity1619 1 oncoprotein expression. Hematologic @entity137 were the most frequent grade 3/4 side effects under FMC-A. Exclusively in the 21 alemtuzumab-consolidated @entity1 , 13 cytomegalovirus reactivations were observed; 9 of these 13 represented a clinically relevant @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: FMC-A is a safe and efficient protocol in @entity6444 , which compares favorably to published data.

title: Sequential chemoimmunotherapy of XXXX , @entity2664 , and @entity786 induction followed by alemtuzumab consolidation is effective in @entity6444 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia', 'T-PLL']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: As the health care reimbursement system has changed, brief screens for detecting @entity146 in primary care have been developed. These efforts have faced the formidable task of identifying @entity1 with @entity146 , while at the same time minimizing the number of misclassified cases. Here we consider the balance between sensitivity and positive predictive value. Primary care @entity1 with false positive and false negative results on screens for @entity308 and @entity4697 are compared with regard to @entity73 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional psychometric study. The study sample included 1001 primary care @entity1 from the Department of Internal Medicine at Kaiser Permanente in Oakland, California. The Symptom-Driven Diagnostic System for Primary Care (SDDS-PC) screens and Sheehan Disability Scale were completed by the subjects. The SDDS-PC diagnostic interviews were administered to all subjects. RESULTS: @entity1 with false positive results on the @entity4697 screen did not differ from @entity1 with false negatives results with regard to rates of other @entity73 , or mental health service utilization. In contrast, @entity1 with @entity308 screen results had significantly more @entity73 than those with false positive @entity308 results. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of @entity1 with either false positive or false negative screen results met diagnostic criteria for other @entity146 . Given the nominal burden of follow-up assessments for @entity1 with positive screens, these data suggest that erring on the side of sensitivity may have been preferable when algorithms for these screens were selected.

title: Diagnostic errors of primary care screens for @entity308 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['false negative depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders and functional impairment', 'psychiatric disorders, functional impairment', 'comorbidity and functional impairment']

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['panic disorder']


abstract: AIM: To demonstrate that age does not influence the choice of treatment for @entity354 ( @entity354 ). We hypothesized that the outcome of total fundoplication in @entity1 > 65 years is similar to that of @entity1 aged < or = 65 years. METHODS: Four hundred and twenty consecutive @entity1 underwent total laparoscopic fundoplication for @entity354 . Three hundred and fifty-five @entity1 were younger than 65 years (group Y), and 65 @entity1 were 65 years or older (group E). The following elements were considered: presence, duration, and severity of @entity354 symptoms; presence of a @entity357 ; manometric evaluation, 24 h pH-monitoring data, duration of operation; incidence of complications; and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Elderly @entity1 more often had atypical symptoms of @entity354 and at manometric evaluation had a higher rate of impaired esophageal peristalsis in comparison with younger @entity1 . A mild intensity of heartburn often leads physicians to underestimate the severity of @entity2910 . The duration of the operation was similar between the two groups. The incidence of @entity260 was low and the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups. An excellent outcome was observed in 92.9% young @entity1 and 91.9% elderly @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is a safe and effective treatment for @entity354 even in elderly @entity1 , warranting low morbidity and mortality rates and a significant improvement of symptoms comparable to younger @entity1 .

title: Influence of age on outcome of total laparoscopic fundoplication for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['erosive esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report a novel case of "grand mal on awakening" from sleep presenting with intractable @entity22 associated with @entity302 ( @entity302 ) during sleep. CASE REPORT: A 36-year-old @entity1 with a @entity410 history of grand mal on awakening since age 13 years suffered from severe, persistent @entity22 despite @entity410 control with daytime @entity1092 therapy. Bedtime hypnotic therapy with @entity2492 and @entity2053 was ineffective. An overnight polysomnographic (PSG) study with expanded EEG @entity410 montage found @entity302 with microarousals or full arousals from sleep, with a mean rate of @entity302 events of 19.0 per hour. The sleep macrostructure (the cycling and distribution of sleep stages) was disturbed by the @entity302 events, and the sleep efficiency was 67.2%. Bedtime @entity1092 therapy, 500 mg, was rapidly effective. A follow-up PSG study documented a reduced mean rate of IED events of 5.8 per hour, and an improved sleep efficiency of 87.7%. CONCLUSION: Severe persistent @entity22 with sleep-related @entity302 can occur as a major comorbidity of grand mal on awakening despite full @entity410 control. Although standard hypnotic therapy ( @entity1245 receptor agonist; @entity1245 ) was ineffective, bedtime monotherapy with @entity1092 was promptly effective, with objectively-documented improvement. Therefore, when remitted @entity302 @entity1 @entity22 , clinicians should consider sleep-related @entity302 activity, with @entity25 and poor sleep efficiency, in the differential diagnosis. A diagnostic PSG study with expanded EEG @entity410 montage should be considered.

title: Intractable XXXX as a Major Comorbidity of Grand Mal on Awakening: Case Report with Diagnostic Polysomnographic Findings and Successful Treatment Outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['interictal epileptiform activity', 'IEA', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disruption']

entities_list: @entity2492 :: ('MESH:C049109', 'Chemical') :: ['zolpidem']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['complain of persistent insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['Insomnia']


abstract: @entity1274 is an enigmatic condition of unknown cause. Although the treatment for sudden @entity1274 is controversial, the evaluation for a cause should not be. All @entity1 are evaluated with a complete history, physical examination, audiologic examination, and blood draw to evaluate complete blood count, general chemistry screen, thyroid function test results, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbance. Magnetic resonance imaging with @entity2287 contrast is essential in the evaluation of @entity1274 , even if there is a complete response to either treatment or no treatment. During the last year we treated 16 @entity1 for @entity1274 with our protocol of intravenous @entity20429 / @entity4946 or oral high-dose @entity230 . Fifteen @entity1 were evaluated immediately before treatment with a magnetic resonance imaging scan. An additional @entity1 had been treated successfully with high-dose @entity230 at an outside institution and came in for an evaluation. Of these 16 @entity1 , 3 (18.75%) were found to have significant pathologic conditions on magnetic resonance imaging scan. The @entity1 who had been treated successfully on the outside was noted to have a 5-mm intracanalicular @entity5513 , the second @entity1 was found to have a @entity15 at the level of the superior olive, and the third @entity1 , who had had a normal magnetic resonance imaging scan 18 months previously, was now found to have a large 4- to 5-cm @entity1653 in the cerebellopontine angle. We believe it is essential that all @entity1 with @entity1274 be evaluated at some point during their treatment with a magnetic resonance imaging scan with @entity2287 contrast.

title: Appropriateness of magnetic resonance imaging in sudden XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss', 'sensorineural hearing loss', 'Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis lesion']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of pegylated-liposomal @entity632 in @entity1 with @entity791 and @entity2826 ( @entity791 -KS) who experienced failure of standard chemotherapy. METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 with advanced @entity791 -KS who experienced disease progression or intolerable @entity137 while receiving standard @entity632 / @entity1732 / @entity1891 (ABV) or @entity1732 / @entity1891 (BV) chemotherapy were identified from a cohort of @entity1 who were then treated with pegylated-liposomal @entity632 . @entity1 received 20 mg/m2 pegylated-liposomal @entity632 ( @entity632 ; Sequus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Menlo Park, CA) every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 (36%) had a partial response (PR) and one @entity1 had a clinical complete response (CCR). The median duration of response and time (from study entry) to treatment failure were 128 and 134 days, respectively. Of 28 @entity1 who experienced disease progression while receiving combination regimens that contained standard @entity632 , the PR rate was 32%, which suggests that the pegylated-liposomal encapsulation increases the therapeutic effect of @entity632 . @entity1 obtained clinical benefits such as flattening of lesions (48%), improved lesion color (56%), relief of @entity158 (45%), and loss of @entity4 (83%). Forty-nine percent of @entity1 had more than one clinical benefit. The most common adverse effect was @entity1431 , which occurred in 40% of @entity1 . Only 15% of @entity1 had @entity1209 , none of which was severe; 9% experienced @entity1665 , also generally mild. CONCLUSION: Pegylated-liposomal @entity632 offers a new alternative for treatment of @entity1 who have experienced failure of standard chemotherapy for @entity791 -KS.

title: Efficacy of pegylated-liposomal @entity632 in the treatment of @entity791 -related XXXX after failure of standard chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxil']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and/or vomiting']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['Kaposi's sarcoma']


abstract: In mdx @entity19 , a model for @entity1555 , the timing between the replication of myoblasts and their incorporation into myotubes was determined autoradiographically. Thirty-eight mdx @entity19 aged 23 d were injected with tritiated @entity1014 to label myoblasts replicating early in the @entity3986 . At intervals from 8 h to 30 d after injection the tibialis anterior muscles were removed, processed for autoradiography and analysed for labelled central myonuclei (derived from the progeny of myoblasts which had been labelled at 23 d). At 8 h after injection there were no labelled central myonuclei, showing that the labelled myoblasts had not fused within this time. At 1 d, 2 % of central myonuclei were labelled, at 2 d, up to 32% were labelled, at 3 d approximately 60% were labelled, and at 4 d the labelling peaked at 74%. In the 27 @entity19 sampled from 5-30 d after injection, the levels of central myonuclear labelling varied enormously: from 1-63%. However, there was a consistent decrease in the numbers of labelled central myonuclei with time. This may have been due to dilution of the relative numbers of labelled myonuclei due to other, nonlabelled, myoblasts replicating after the availability of @entity665 , and fusing. It was also possible that labelled myofibres underwent subsequent @entity39 and were eliminated from the muscle. The proposal that a regenerated myofibre can undergo a subsequent cycle of @entity39 and regeneration was supported by evidence of some @entity39 with labelled and unlabelled central nuclei. These results have implications for understanding the cellular biology and pathology of @entity121 , particularly in relation to myoblast transfer therapy as a potential treatment of @entity1555 .

title: The timing between skeletal muscle myoblast replication and fusion into myotubes, and the stability of regenerated XXXX : an autoradiographic study in mdx @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic myofibres']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic process']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['tritiated thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic muscle']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['dystrophic myofibres']


abstract: @entity24921 (FHV), a positive-strand RNA animal virus, is the only higher eukaryotic virus shown to undergo complete replication in @entity375 , culminating in production of infectious virions. To facilitate studies of viral and host functions in FHV replication in @entity375 , @entity375 DNA plasmids were constructed to inducibly express wild-type FHV @entity17214 in vivo. Subsequent translation of FHV replicase protein A initiated robust @entity17214 replication, amplifying @entity17214 to levels approaching those of rRNA, as in FHV-infected animal cells. The @entity17214 -derived subgenomic mRNA, @entity43703 , accumulated to even higher levels of >100,000 copies per @entity375 cell, compared to 10 copies or less per cell for 95% of @entity375 mRNAs. The time course of @entity17214 replication and @entity43703 synthesis in induced @entity375 paralleled that in @entity375 transfected with natural FHV virion RNA. As in animal cells, @entity17214 replication and @entity43703 synthesis depended on FHV RNA replicase protein A and 3'-terminal @entity17214 sequences but not viral protein B2. Additional plasmids were engineered to inducibly express @entity17214 derivatives with insertions of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene in subgenomic @entity43703 . These @entity17214 derivatives were replicated, synthesized @entity43703 , and expressed GFP when provided FHV polymerase in either cis or trans, providing the first demonstration of reporter gene expression from FHV subgenomic RNA. Unexpectedly, fusing GFP to the protein A C terminus selectively inhibited production of positive- and negative-strand subgenomic @entity43703 but not genomic @entity17214 replication. Moreover, changing the first nucleotide of the subgenomic mRNA from G to T selectively inhibited production of positive-strand but not negative-strand @entity43703 , suggesting that synthesis of negative-strand subgenomic @entity43703 may precede synthesis of positive-strand @entity43703 .

title: DNA-Directed expression of functional @entity24921 RNA1 derivatives in XXXX , heterologous gene expression, and selective effects on subgenomic mRNA synthesis.

entities_list: @entity24921 :: ('12287', 'Species') :: ['Flock house virus']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the @entity1 , disease and clinical characteristics that optimize the effectiveness of laser tympanic membrane fenestration (LTMF) to treat @entity102 media with @entity1143 (OME). SETTING: Four pediatric otolaryngology tertiary referral centers. IRB approved; participation by informed consent. METHODS: An observational clinical effectiveness trial was conducted in 164 ears (94 @entity1 ), who had chronic OME. All @entity1 were candidates for insertion of pressure equalization tubes (PETs) but agreed to undergo LTMF instead. Clinical and audiologic follow-up are reported at 90 days after LTMF. OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical effectiveness was defined as an @entity1143 free middle ear at otoscopy with A or C1 tympanogram and normal hearing. RESULTS: At 90 days, 66% of the 95 evaluable ears were @entity1143 free, all with normal hearing. @entity1 younger than 4 years (P<0.04), who had shorter durations of @entity1143 (P<0.009), and who experienced longer duration of fenestration patency (FP) (P<0.009) correlated to improved outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of LTMF to create 2--3 weeks of middle ear ventilation in @entity1 with chronic OME ( @entity2171 ( @entity2171 ) for 3 months or greater) is effective in 66% of 95 (58%) of ears evaluable at 90 days follow-up. This study provides basic information needed to optimize the use of LTMF today and enhance research efforts in the future.

title: Optimizing effectiveness of laser tympanic membrane fenestration in XXXX media with @entity1143 . Clinical and technical considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['MEE', 'middle ear effusion']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic otitis']


abstract: Radiotherapy is often used to treat @entity263 , but the normal bladder is usually adversely affected. Using an animal model of pelvic radiation, we investigated whether @entity1160 nutritional supplementation can prevent radiation-induced @entity1494 , especially in its more superficial layers. Male @entity35 aged 3-4 months were divided into groups of 8 animals each: controls, which consisted intact animals; radiated-only @entity35 , which were sacrificed 7 (R7) or 15 ( @entity40001 ) days after a radiation session (10Gy aimed at the pelvico-abdominal region); and radiated @entity35 receiving @entity9640 supplementation (0.65g/kg body weight/day), which were sacrificed 7 ( @entity40002 ) or 15 (RG15) days after the radiation session. Cells and blood vessels in the vesical lamina propria, as well as the urothelium, were then measured using histological methods. The effects of radiation were evaluated by comparing controls vs. either R7 or @entity40001 , while a protective effect of @entity1160 was assessed by comparing R7 vs. @entity40002 and @entity40001 vs. RG15. The results showed that, in R7, epithelial thickness, epithelial cell density, and cell density in the lamina propria were not significantly affected. However, density of blood vessels in R7 was reduced by 48% (p<0.05) and this alteration was mostly prevented by @entity1160 (p<0.02). In @entity40001 , density of blood vessels in the lamina propria was not significantly modified. However, epithelial thickness was reduced by 25% (p<0.05) in @entity40001 , and this effect was prevented by @entity1160 (p<0.01). In @entity40001 , epithelial cell density was increased by 35% (p<0.02), but @entity1160 did not protect against this radiation-induced increase. Cell density in the lamina propria was likewise unaffected in @entity40001 . Density of mast cells in the lamina propria was markedly reduced in R7 and @entity40001 . The density was still reduced in @entity40002 , but a higher density in RG15 suggested a @entity1160 -mediated recovery. Alpha-actin positive cells in the lamina propria formed a suburothelial layer and were identified as myofibroblasts. Thickness of this layer was increased in R7, but was similar to controls in @entity40002 , while changes in @entity40001 and RG15 were less evident. In conclusion, pelvic radiation leads to significant acute and post-acute alterations in the composition and structural features of the vesical lamina propria and epithelium. Most of these changes, however, can be prevented by @entity1160 nutritional supplementation. These results emphasize, therefore, the potential use of this @entity535 as a radioprotective drug.

title: Protective effects of XXXX on the bladder wall of @entity35 submitted to pelvic radiation.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the bladder']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoacid']

entities_list: @entity9640 :: ('CHEBI:18050', 'Chemical') :: ['l-glutamine']

answer: @entity9640 :: (CHEBI:18050,Chemical) :: ['l-glutamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1653 account for 8 to 13% of all @entity1653 . Surgical removal is often performed through the bifrontal, unilateral subfrontal (frontolateral), or pterional approach. We report on the clinical outcome and recurrence rate after surgical treatment of @entity1653 in our neurosurgical department. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted by analyzing the charts of the @entity1 , including surgical records, discharge letters, histological records, follow-up records, and imaging studies. RESULTS: A total of 1800 @entity1653 were operated on between 1978 and 2002 in our department. There were 82 @entity1 with @entity1653 , including 63 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 with a mean age of 57.8 years (age range, 33-91 yr). Most @entity1 presented with mental disturbance. @entity5 were operated through the bifrontal (n = 46), frontolateral (n = 34), and pterional (n = 2) approaches. @entity5 removal (Simpson Grade 1 or 2) was achieved in most cases (91.2% frontolateral, 93.5% bifrontal). Perioperative mortality was 4.9% (four out of 82 @entity1 , all operated through the bifrontal approach). The overall recurrence rate was 4.9%, with four @entity1 requiring surgery. The mean follow-up period was 63.4 months (range, 4-270 mo). CONCLUSION: @entity1653 were removed mainly through two different surgical approaches. Even in large @entity5 , high rates of @entity5 resection could also be achieved with low recurrence rates using the simple and minimally invasive frontolateral approach. In recent years, we have preferred to use the frontolateral approach, which provides quick access to the @entity5 with less brain exposure while still enabling @entity5 removal with a low morbidity rate and no mortality.

title: XXXX : clinical outcome and recurrence rates after @entity5 removal through the frontolateral and bifrontal approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningiomas', 'olfactory groove meningiomas', 'Olfactory groove meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'total tumor', 'Total tumor']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Olfactory groove meningiomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aggregation of prion proteins is the cause of various prion related diseases. The infectious form of prions, @entity1423 , exist as multiple strains. The strains are thought to represent structurally different prion protein molecules packed into @entity1423 , but the knowledge on the structure of different types of aggregates is limited. Here we report on the use of AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) and TERS (Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering) to study morphological heterogeneity and access underlying conformational features of individual @entity1423 . Using AFM we identified the morphology of amyloid fibrils formed by the peptide (CGNNQQNY) from the @entity375 prion protein @entity16578 that is critically involved in the aggregation of the full protein. TERS results demonstrate that morphologically different amyloid fibrils are composed of a distinct set of conformations. Fibrils formed at pH 5.6 are composed of a mixture of peptide conformations (b-sheets, random coil and a-helix) while fibrils formed in pH~2 solution primarily have b-sheets. Additionally, peak positions in the @entity6346 III region of the TERS spectra suggested that peptides have parallel arrangement of b-sheets for pH~2 fibrils and antiparallel arrangement for fibrils formed at pH 5.6. We also developed a methodology for detailed analysis of the peptide secondary structure by correlating intensity changes of Raman bands in different regions of TERS spectra. Such correlation established that structural composition of peptides is highly localized with large contribution of unordered secondary structures on a fibrillar surface.

title: Polymorphism of amyloid fibrils formed by a peptide from the @entity375 prion protein XXXX : AFM and Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering studies.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid aggregates']

answer: @entity16578 :: (851752(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Sup35']


abstract: 1. @entity7224 has been implicated in modulating cytoplasmic @entity460 concentration and is correlated with selective neuronal vulnerability in @entity1779 . In order to determine whether @entity7224 modulates voltage-activated @entity460 channels, whole-cell and single channel patch clamp experiments were performed with N1E-115 @entity19 @entity521 cells. 2. L-type @entity460 channel currents showed a 34 +/- 21% increase (n = 6 cells) during external application of 1 mM @entity7224 . There was no change in the kinetics of the current and no shift in the current-voltage relationship along the voltage axis. 3. T-type @entity460 channel currents were not affected by 1 mM @entity7224 . 4. The effect of @entity7224 on single L-type @entity460 channels was studied using the cell-attached configuration of the patch clamp technique. @entity7224 (5 mM) applied to the bathing solution, but not present in the pipette, caused an increase in open time of the single channel current without changing the conductance of the channel. In 345 depolarizing steps compiled from three cells, the number of channel openings longer than 3 ms increased from six to seventy-six, and the number of channel openings longer than 9 ms increased from zero to twenty-seven. This single channel study supports the hypothesis that @entity7224 acts on the L-type channel from the inside of the cell. 5. External application of 1 mM @entity8037 and 1 mM @entity11667 had no effect on T- and L-type @entity460 channels. Thus, the effect of @entity7224 is probably not mediated by the higher @entity4663 . 6. In order to test whether the effect of @entity7224 is mediated by a second messenger, specific protein kinase C and @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase inhibitors, @entity866 and @entity12176 , respectively, were applied prior to @entity7224 . When cells were preconditioned with 200 nM @entity866 , the increase of the L-type @entity460 current by 1 mM @entity7224 was inhibited. By contrast, 200 nM @entity12176 did not inhibit the @entity7224 effect. Therefore, the increase of L-type channel currents by @entity7224 may be mediated by protein kinase C but not the @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase. 7. The @entity7224 -induced enhancement of the L-type @entity460 channel activity may play an important role in @entity460 -induced @entity2359 .

title: The effect of XXXX on voltage-activated @entity460 channels in @entity19 @entity521 cells.

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine', 'Putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['polyamines']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine dose-response effects and the activity of @entity1311 combined with @entity900 in @entity1 with incurable @entity957 of the @entity135 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Two hundred ten @entity1 with locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic disease were randomly placed in either Arm A, @entity1311 200 mg/m(2) (24-hour infusion) + @entity900 75mg/m(2) + @entity1261 , @entity1311 135 mg/m(2) (24-hour infusion) + @entity900 75 mg/m(2). Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks until progression or a total of 12 cycles for complete responses. Primary outcomes were event-free and overall survival. RESULTS: No significant differences in outcomes were observed between the high- and low-dose @entity1311 regimens. The estimated median survival was 7.3 months (95% confidence interval, 6.0 to 8.6). The 1-year survival rate was 29%, and event-free survival was 4.0 months. The objective response rate (complete response plus partial response) was 35% for the high-dose @entity1 and 36% for the low-dose @entity1 . Myelosuppression was the most frequent @entity137 : grade 3 or 4 @entity3028 , 70% of @entity1 in Arm A and 78% in Arm B; @entity1398 , 27% of @entity1 in Arm A and 39% in Arm B. Grade 5 @entity137 occurred in 22 @entity1 (10.5%). Treatment was terminated early in 31% because of excessive @entity137 or @entity1 refusal. CONCLUSION: This phase III multicenter trial showed (1) no advantage for high-dose @entity1311 and (2) excessive @entity1503 associated with both regimens. Therefore, neither of the @entity1311 regimens evaluated in this trial can be recommended.

title: Phase III comparison of high-dose @entity1311 + @entity900 + XXXX versus low-dose @entity1311 + @entity900 in advanced @entity135 : Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E1393.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or Arm B']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among @entity1 with @entity0 , @entity28 has been associated with an increased likelihood of having @entity0 ( @entity0 ). This association has been thought to be due to the antiapoptotic effects of @entity28 -related proteins. However, the effect of @entity28 on the outcomes in @entity1 with @entity0 remains unclear. We hypothesized that @entity28 would be associated with decreased overall survival and disease-free survival in these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was  conducted of @entity1 treated for @entity0 at an academic medical center from March 1998 to September 2011. The body mass index (BMI) of @entity1 with @entity0 was calculated at diagnosis. The @entity1 were categorized as normal (BMI  <  25 kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m(2)), or @entity28 (BMI  >  30 kg/m(2)). The endpoints of overall survival and disease-free survival were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 183 @entity1 with @entity0 were included for analysis. Of the 183 @entity1 , 24 (13.1%) were normal (BMI  <  25 kg/m(2)), 42 (23.1%) were overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m(2)), and 117 (63.7%) were @entity28 (BMI  >  30 kg/m(2)). The median follow-up period was 42.5  months. Of the 183 @entity1 , 2 (9.1%) died in the normal group, 10 (23.1%) died in the overweight group, and 25 (21.4%) died in the @entity28 group (P = 0.28). The @entity1 who were overweight or  @entity28 had larger @entity5 (P = 0.02), a higher T stage (P = 0.001), and higher @entity5 grade (P  = 0.01) than the normal BMI @entity1 . By Kaplan-Meier analysis, normal @entity1 had higher overall survival than the overweight or @entity28 @entity1 , but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.29). Disease-free survival was also not significantly different (P = 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increased frequency of larger @entity5 , higher T stage, and higher @entity5 grade, @entity28 was not associated with decreased overall or disease-free survival in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Does XXXX have an effect on outcomes in @entity0 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['triple-negative breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'TNBC']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: AIM: Mammary @entity4261 (MPD) and @entity17995 ( @entity17995 ) are rare @entity5 . The aim of this study was, by the use of immunohistochemistry, to derive further information about the cell(s) of origin, find a diagnostically useful immunohistochemical panel and investigate candidates for possible targeted therapy. MATERIAL AND RESULTS: Sixty MPD and 23 @entity17995 cases were studied using antibodies to cytokeratin (CK) 34betaE12, @entity10585 /18, @entity5822 , @entity4205 , @entity2225 , @entity4552 , @entity9502 , @entity470 ( @entity470 ) ( @entity470 ), @entity7514 and @entity12251 . In all MPD cases @entity5822 and @entity2355 were positive. @entity10585 /18 was positive in 59/60 cases. @entity4552 , @entity5091 , @entity5087 , @entity5088 , @entity26484 , @entity26080 were positive in 29/60, 3/60, 35/47, 4/40, 3/43 and 2/45 cases, respectively. In all @entity17995 cases @entity10585 /18 and @entity5822 were positive. @entity2355 , @entity4552 , @entity5089 , @entity5087 , @entity26080 and @entity2225 were positive in 22/23, 19/23, 8/19, 3/19, 1/19 and 3/23 cases, respectively. With the remaining antibodies no immunoreactivity was observed. CONCLUSION: @entity2355 and low-molecular-weight CKs in conjunction with immunonegativity for high-molecular-weight CKs are the most diagnostically useful markers. MPD is caused by the epidermotropic spread of underlying @entity5 cells, whereas @entity17995 probably arises from intraepithelial cells of sweat gland origin. Targeted therapy with antibodies against @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity7514 or @entity12251 is unlikely to prove of clinical value.

title: Mammary and XXXX : an immunohistochemical study of 83 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'HER1', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4552 :: ('5304', 'Gene') :: ['GCDFP-15', 'gross cyctic disease fluid protein (GCDFP)-15']

entities_list: @entity17995 :: ('MESH:D010145', 'Disease') :: ["extramammary Paget's disease", 'EMPD']

answer: @entity17995 :: (MESH:D010145,Disease) :: ['extramammary Paget's disease']


abstract: An increase in R wave amplitude and a diminution of S wave amplitude, together with ST segment elevation, have been described as very early electrocardiographic changes during clinical and experimental acute @entity583 . The genesis of these QRS changes remains unclear. We assessed the quantitative relationship between the local conduction delay and the formation of the giant R wave, using multiple epicardial, intramural unipolar, and bipolar electrodes in 30 open-chest @entity1707 with acute transmural @entity741 . Blood pressure, heart rate, serum electrolytes, hematocrit, and left ventricular size remained constant, or varied insignificantly throughout the experiments. In nonischemic @entity1707 , transmural left ventricular activation occurred nearly simultaneously, and the activation time was not correlated with the net QRS potential. During @entity63 , a giant R wave developed at all of the electrodes located within the @entity63 region; R wave amplitude began to increase 1 min after coronary artery ligation (p less than 0.05), compared to control amplitude and peaked at 8 min (p less than 0.0001). The degree of conduction delay at a given site was correlated linearly with the local R wave amplitude (average of correlation coefficients +/- SEM at 1 min, r = 0.64 +/- 0.08, and at 8 min, r = 0.81 +/- 0.06). The magnitude of the R wave potential and the conduction delay were greater in regions deep inside the ischemic zone than in the border and normal areas (p less than 0.0001), and were greater in subepicardial than in subendocardial areas (p less than 0.05). In summary, during transmural @entity63 , conduction is markedly slowed, and an orderly and discrete wavefront advances toward the center of the ischemic zone from lateral and subendocardial areas. When depolarization is complete in the rest of the heart, this slow activation front becomes temporally isolated and its progression gives rise to a giant R wave, which appears in recordings from overlying electrodes.

title: Origin of the giant R wave in acute transmural XXXX in the @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemia', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptomatic disorders around the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) are relatively uncommon. Previous cadaveric and radiographic studies have suggested that asymptomatic osteoarthritic changes are relatively common, progressively increasing with age. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity2720 in the general population using computed tomography (CT) scans. METHODS: We assessed 464 SCJs in 232 @entity1 undergoing a standardized axial CT scan of the thorax including both SCJs, across a range of ages from the second to tenth decade. The scans were undertaken for multiple clinical indications; however, none were obtained to investigate SCJ pathology. The predominant changes investigated were for the features associated with @entity571 including the presence of osteophytes, @entity2001 , and subcortical @entity1463 . RESULTS: The CT scans of 244 SCJs (53%) in 137 @entity1 (59%) showed at least 1 sign of @entity571 . No @entity1 younger than 35 years had any features of @entity571 . Osteoarthritic changes were present in 89.6% of @entity1 older than 50 years compared with 9.1% younger than this age. All @entity1 above the age of 61 had at least 1 feature of osteoarthritic changes on at least 1 side of the SCJ. Increasing prevalence was noted with increasing age both in the percentage of SCJs showing any positive signs of @entity571 and in the severity of @entity571 . CONCLUSION: @entity2720 is a very common incidental finding on CT scans, particularly with increasing age. This should be taken into consideration when using a CT scan to assess a @entity1 with symptomatic SCJ pathology.

title: The prevalence of XXXX of the sternoclavicular joint on computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['subchondral cysts']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['SCJ osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Modifying lipids levels underpins @entity731 prevention. @entity384 ( @entity384 ) could advise which @entity1 to treat and to what extent. Little is known about the influence of near-normal lipid levels on the endothelium and the mechanisms related to different lipid fractions. We studied associations between @entity384 and lipids, focusing on normal lipid levels. METHODS: An age-homogeneous sample of 171 healthy, untreated military @entity1 (mean age 35.5+/-1.1 years) was studied: serum lipid determination and brachial artery ultrasound with a @entity63 cuff and automated measurement were performed. NCEP-ATP III groups were used. RESULTS: Significantly smaller vessel diameters were found among individuals with high HDL-c (4.10 mm vs. 4.24 mm), optimal @entity11429 (4.00 mm vs. 4.22 mm), and normal @entity1674 (<150 mg/dl) (4.15 mm vs. 4.31 mm). Basal diameter correlated significantly with HDL-c and @entity1674 . There were significant differences in @entity384 between low HDL-c compared to the rest (4.13% vs. 5.07%) and between optimal and near-optimal @entity11429 compared to the rest (5.28% vs. 4.56%). HDL-c and @entity11429 correlated with @entity384 . The inverse relation of high @entity11429 and @entity384 is partially due to a decreased stimulus. Besides, stimulus heterogeneity may mask HDL-c link with @entity384 . CONCLUSION: Those subjects naturally (not pharmacologically) in the healthy tail-end of the lipid distributions have the best endothelial function and smaller vessels. Functional vascular remodeling might precede anatomical remodeling and, in early stages, vessel size should be considered a risk indicator rather than an atherosclerotic sign. Furthermore, controlling the stimulus seems necessary for detecting the relationship between HDL-c and @entity384 , and should be performed regularly.

title: Association of endothelial function and vascular data with @entity11429 and HDL-c in a homogeneous population of middle-aged, healthy military XXXX : Evidence for a critical role of optimal lipid levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forearm ischemia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of @entity129 ( @entity129 ) in @entity1 with @entity322 ( @entity322 ) following obstetric @entity130 and relate the outcomes to baseline factors with special emphasis on the extent of @entity1690 . METHOD: This was a prospective study at a tertiary colorectal referral unit at the University Hospital of North Norway conducted from 2012-2014. Sixty-three @entity1 underwent a three-week @entity129 using a tined lead and the Verify(  ) external neurostimulator. The primary outcome was efficacy defined as the percent of reduction in weekly @entity322 episodes, and @entity1 with 50% or more reduction were defined as responders. Baseline factors affecting the primary outcome were explored. Sphincter defects were classified with a validated 3D endoanal ultrasound defect score. RESULTS: Fifty-six (89%) of the 63 @entity1 were responders with a reduction in weekly @entity322 episodes of 94.5%, from median (interquartile range) 4.8 (2.0-11.0) to 0.5 (0-2.0, p<0.001). Twenty-nine (52%) reported no weekly @entity322 episodes, and urgency episodes disappeared in 18 (32%). In the multivariable linear regression model, efficacy was related to concomitant urinary incontinence (p=0.04), body mass index (BMI) (p=0.03) and @entity158 during @entity129 (p=0.046) but not to the extent of @entity1690 (p= 0.1). Responders had a higher St. @entity7133 's score than non-responders (p=0.046). CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of @entity1 had successful @entity129 tests. Responders had higher baseline St. @entity7133 's scores than non-responders. Efficacy was related to concomitant urinary incontinence, BMI and @entity158 , not to the extent of @entity1690 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Sacral neuromodulation for @entity322 following obstetric sphincter injury - outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['percutaneous nerve evaluation', 'PNE']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter defect']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence', 'FI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['anal sphincter injury']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['percutaneous nerve evaluation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ras homologous (Rho) family GTPases play a pivotal role in the regulation of numerous cellular functions associated with malignant transformation and @entity3 . To evaluate the role of these GTPases in @entity14 , the mRNA expression levels in matched sets of @entity5 and non- @entity5 tissues from surgical specimens were analyzed. The relationship between the mRNA levels in @entity5 tissues to the clinicopathological features was also assessed. METHODS: A total of 68 @entity1 with @entity14 were recruited and the levels of @entity3547 and @entity33760 mRNA transcripts in @entity5 , paratumoral and normal tissues were characterized by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). Their correlation to clinical histopathological parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: The levels of @entity3547 and @entity33760 mRNA transcripts in @entity189 tissues were significantly higher than those in the matched paratumor and normal tissues from the same @entity1 (p<0.05). The expression levels of both genes were significantly correlated with @entity3 of @entity5 cells to lymph nodes and liver (p<0.05). The levels of @entity3547 expression were significantly correlated with the histopathological degree of @entity5 , while the expression of @entity33760 was correlated with the extent of local invasion to intestine. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study with QRT-PCR to examine the expressions of @entity3547 and @entity33760 genes in @entity14 of Chinese @entity1 . The significantly up-regulated @entity3547 and @entity33760 expressions suggest that they may contribute to the initiation, development, invasion and @entity3 of @entity14 in Chinese @entity1 .

title: Expression of @entity3547 and XXXX in @entity14 and its relations with clinicopathological parameters.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity33760 :: (389,Gene) :: ['RhoC']


abstract: PURPOSE: This prospective randomized trial was designed to compare the efficacy of @entity2879 plus @entity900 (EP) versus @entity1732 , @entity2879 , and @entity900 ( @entity12962 ) chemotherapy in @entity1 with good-prognosis metastatic nonseminomatous @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Four hundred nineteen @entity1 with good-prognosis nonseminomatous @entity5 were randomized to receive four cycles of @entity900 20 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5 plus @entity2879 120 mg/m2 on days 1, 3, and 5 with or without @entity1732 30 mg weekly. RESULTS: Of 395 eligible @entity1 , 169 of 195 @entity1 allocated to EP (87%) and 189 of 200 @entity1 allocated to BEP (95%) achieved a complete response with chemotherapy alone or after postchemotherapy surgery. These results are significantly different (P = .0075). After a median follow-up duration of 7.3 years, eight @entity1 (4%) on each treatment arm relapsed. In view of the low number of unfavorable treatment outcomes (11%), no significant differences were detected in time to progression (P = .136) and survival (P = .262). Both the acute and late @entity358 and @entity2359 were significantly greater in @entity1 who received BEP, whereas @entity2407 occurred exclusively in @entity1 who received BEP (P < .001). Two @entity1 treated with BEP died of @entity1732 @entity358 . CONCLUSION: BEP is the most effective combination regimen in the treatment of disseminated @entity5 . In this particular BEP regimen with @entity2879 at a dose of 360 mg/m2 per cycle, even in good-prognosis @entity1 , @entity1732 cannot be deleted without compromising treatment efficacy, but its use is associated with more @entity137 (particularly pulmonary) and efforts to reduce this merit further exploration.

title: Importance of @entity1732 in combination chemotherapy for good-prognosis testicular nonseminoma: a randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Genitourinary Tract XXXX Cooperative Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer', 'nonseminomatous germ cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cell-based therapies are becoming a valuable tool to treat @entity571 ( @entity571 ). This study investigated and compared the regenerative potential of Bone Marrow Concentrate (BMC) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC), both engineered with Hyaff  -11 ( @entity2474 ) for @entity571 treatment in a @entity742 model. METHODS: @entity571 was induced via unilateral medial meniscectomy. Bone marrow was aspirated from the iliac crest, followed by concentration processes or cell isolation and expansion to obtain BMC and MSC respectively. Treatments consisted of autologous BMC and MSC seeded onto @entity2474 . The regenerative potential on bone, cartilage, menisci and synovia was monitored using macroscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry and micro-computed tomography, at 12 weeks post-op. Data were analyzed using the General Linear Model with adjusted Sidak's multiple comparison and Spearman tests. RESULTS: BMC- @entity2474 treatment showed a greater repair ability in inhibiting @entity571 progression compared to MSC- @entity2474 , leading to a @entity32 in cartilage, meniscus and synovium. Indeed, the @entity32 positively contributed to counteract the progression of fibrotic and @entity1184 processes, known to be involved in tissue failure. Moreover, the treatment with BMC- @entity2474 showed the best results in allowing meniscus regeneration. Minor healing effects were noticed at bone level for both cell strategies, however a down-regulation of Cross-sectional Subchondral Bone Thickness (Cs.Th) was found in both cell-treatments compared to @entity571 group in femur. CONCLUSION: The transplantation of BMC- @entity2474 provided the best effects in supporting regenerative processes in cartilage,meniscus and synovium and at less extent in bone. On the whole, both MSC and BMC combined with @entity2474 reduced @entity32 and contributed to switch-off fibrotic and @entity1184 processes. The observed regenerative potential by BMC- @entity2474 on meniscus could open new perspectives suggesting its use not only for @entity571 care but also for the treatment of @entity75 , even if further analyses are necessary to confirm its healing potential at long-term follow-up.

title: Autologous bone marrow concentrate in a @entity742 model of XXXX : new perspectives for cartilage and meniscus repair.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'reduction of inflammation', 'decrease of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal lesions']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: 1. Extracts of the @entity1 erythrocyte membrane have been prepared by five different procedures involving Triton X-100 solubilization and gel chromatography. 2. The extracts have been analysed by gel electrophoresis and incorporated asymmetrically into @entity2434 - @entity165 - @entity37125 planar bilayers. 3. Removal of excess @entity6000 from membrane extracts or prolonged storage facilities the proteolysis of membrane extracts with the partial or complete breakdown of band 3 polypeptides (notation of Fairbanks, G., Steck, T.L. and Wallach, D.F.H. (1971) Biochemistry 10, 2606--2616) and the appearance of an enhanced zone 4.5 and low molecular weight material. 4. Incorporation of zone 4.5 polypeptides into bilayer lipid membranes increases their permeability to @entity413 at 27 and 5 degrees C. 5. It is suggested that the components of the @entity9928 system are present in band 3 polypeptides but that they can undergo proteolysis with some retention of transport activity.

title: The permeability of bilayer lipid membranes on the incorporation of erythrocyte membrane extracts and the identification of the XXXX transport proteins.

entities_list: @entity9928 :: ('CHEBI:35381', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['D-glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity9928 :: (CHEBI:35381,Chemical) :: ['monosaccharide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most cases of @entity14 originate from @entity652 . Removing @entity652 has been shown to reduce the incidence of @entity14 . The design of cost effective endoscopic screening programmes requires a knowledge of the distribution of @entity652 in different age groups. AIM: To investigate the distribution of @entity2513 in older age groups in the normal population. METHOD: A total of 356 @entity1 and @entity1 selected randomly from the population register were offered a colonoscopic screening examination to detect and remove @entity1127 . RESULTS: In all, 241(68%) subjects, mean age 67.4 years (range 62-73), attended. The caecum was intubated in 193 (80%), and in this group 32 (38%) @entity1 and 51 (47%) @entity1 had @entity652 . One hundred and ten (54%) of the @entity652 and 11 (39%) of the "high risk @entity652 " ( @entity652 larger than 10 mm in diameter, @entity652 containing villous components, and @entity652 with @entity12341 ) were found proximal to the sigmoid colon. In 36 (43%) of the subjects with @entity652 , the @entity652 were only found proximal to the sigmoid colon. Twenty two (11%) subjects had more than two @entity652 . Of 203 @entity652 discovered, 189 (93%) were less than 10 mm in diameter. CONCLUSION: More than half of the @entity652 were localised proximal to the sigmoid colon, and, in nearly half of the @entity652 bearing subjects examined, the @entity652 was proximal to the descending colon. This indicates that a sigmoidoscopic screening examination in this age group would miss a substantial number of @entity652 , but this may be acceptable as the vast majority of proximal @entity652 do not progress to clinical @entity5 within the life expectancy of this age group.

title: Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy as a screening modality for XXXX in older age groups? Findings in a cohort of the normal population aged 63-72 years.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity12341 :: ('MESH:C563736', 'Disease') :: ['severe dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: The effects of meal volume and luminal digestion of @entity3363 on the release of @entity3770 ( @entity21427 ) were investigated in eight healthy subjects and in six @entity1 who had @entity2175 . On one occasion each subject ingested a placebo with 200 ml water and a starch (50 g) pudding meal (400 ml) 30 minutes later. On another occasion an amylase inhibitor that retards intraluminal starch digestion was given with the water and starch. In normal subjects, water caused a moderate rise in @entity21427 plasma levels (16.9 (10.9) pg/ml; p less than 0.02) and ingestion of starch increased @entity21427 in a double peaked pattern. The mean increments of the peaks were 45.0 (15.2) pg/ml (p less than 0.02) and 41.1 (17.3) pg/ml (p less than 0.05), respectively. In the @entity6 subjects, the @entity21427 concentrations did not increase in response to water. After ingestion of starch the @entity6 had two peaks of @entity21427 that were similar in magnitude, but the early postprandial peak was delayed significantly compared to normal subjects (37.5 (5.1) min v 23.4 (3.9) min; p less than 0.05). The amylase inhibitor (5 or 10 g) reduced the early postprandial @entity21427 peak by 79% (p less than 0.05) in normal subjects and 4 g of the inhibitor reduced the early @entity21427 peak by 58% (p less than 0.05) in the @entity6 . In both groups ingestion of the amylase inhibitor abolished the late @entity21427 peak (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, @entity1735 induced @entity21427 release is dependent on undisturbed intraluminal starch digestion.

title: @entity1735 digestion and release of XXXX in health and @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3770 :: ('5539', 'Gene') :: ['pancreatic polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity3770 :: (5539,Gene) :: ['pancreatic polypeptide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) is widely used for treating @entity1 with @entity162 ; however, it has adverse effects on cognitive function. This study investigated the effect of @entity3262 on the risk of @entity303 in @entity1 with @entity162 . METHODS: We analyzed data from Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2010. @entity1 with @entity162 who were prescribed @entity3262 for 28 days or at least once per month for 3 consecutive months after the index date were classified as the @entity3262 -treated group, whereas those who did not receive @entity3262 were classified as the @entity3262 -untreated group. Both groups were tracked until the end of 2013 or until loss to follow-up to identify new-onset @entity303 events. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of subsequent @entity303 associated with @entity3262 treatment after adjustment for confounding variables. RESULTS: The study comprised 5158 @entity1 with @entity162 . The multivariable-adjusted HR for newly diagnosed @entity303 was 1.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-2.41, P=0.001) for the @entity3262 -treated group compared with the @entity3262 -untreated group after adjustment for potential confounders. The @entity3262 -treated group had a higher risk than did the @entity3262 -untreated group after propensity score adjustment (HR=1.95, 95% CI=1.42-2.67, P<0.001). LIMITATION: Certain variables that may affect the incidence of @entity303 were unavailable in the claims database and thus could not be considered. CONCLUSION: Treating @entity162 with @entity3262 increases the risk of @entity303 by 73-95%.

title: Effect of @entity1092 on XXXX onset in @entity1 with @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: We have recorded @entity1 medial temporal lobe electrocorticogram during wakefulness and natural sleep in @entity302 @entity1 with subdural electrodes. From these recordings, we have found gamma (30-150 Hz) [Neuroscience 90 (1999) 1149] and @entity8652 [NeuroReport 10 (1999) 3055] activities during wakefulness in @entity1 medial temporal lobe. In this paper, we will report changes of these frequencies across wake and natural sleep. Electrocorticograms during wake, slow wave sleep and @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep were subjected to fast Fourier transformation analysis. During wake two spectral enhancements, @entity8652 , were consistently observed across subjects. In the raw signal, @entity8652 was observed as a regular rhythmic oscillation. In slow wave sleep, the @entity8652 peak disappeared but gamma remained, although slightly reduced in power. During @entity1319 sleep, @entity8652 appeared again, but the peak frequency was significantly lower than during wake (mean frequency: wake=16.6, @entity1319 =12.8 Hz). The gamma peak was also present in @entity1319 sleep. It has been known that the rhythmic slow activity (RSA) or theta is observed in some animals. However, it is unclear whether the @entity1 hippocampus displays similar activity. Since @entity1 @entity8652 appears during wake and @entity1319 sleep when RSA is observed in other species, and since @entity8652 is also a regular rhythmic oscillation, we propose that @entity8652 may be the functional equivalent of hippocampal RSA (theta) observed in some animals. Functional significances of the gamma activity should be further investigated.

title: Cortical oscillations in XXXX medial temporal lobe during wakefulness and all-night sleep.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'rapid eye movement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']