abstract: BACKGROUND: Interferon beta ( @entity2391 ) and @entity1638 (GA) are administered by subcutaneous (SC) or intramuscular (IM) injection. @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) often report injection-site reactions (ISRs) as a reason for noncompliance or switching therapies. The aim of this study was to compare the proportion of @entity1 on different formulations of @entity2391 or GA who experienced ISRs and who switched or discontinued therapy because of ISRs. METHODS: The Swiss @entity15 Skin Project was an observational multicenter study. @entity1 with @entity15 or clinically @entity3491 who were on the same therapy for at least 2 years were enrolled. A skin examination was conducted at the first study visit and 1 year later. RESULTS: The 412 @entity1 enrolled were on 1 of 4 disease-modifying therapies for at least 2 years: IM @entity2391 -1a (n = 82), SC @entity2391 -1b (n = 123), SC @entity2391 -1a (n = 184), or SC GA (n = 23). At first evaluation, ISRs were reported by fewer @entity1 on IM @entity2391 -1a (13.4%) than on SC @entity2391 -1b (57.7%; P < 0.0001), SC @entity2391 -1a (67.9%; P < 0.0001), or SC GA (30.4%; P = not significant [NS]). No @entity1 on IM @entity2391 -1a missed a dose in the previous 4 weeks because of ISRs, compared with 5.7% of @entity1 on SC @entity2391 -1b (P = 0.044), 7.1% of @entity1 on SC @entity2391 -1a (P = 0.011), and 4.3% of @entity1 on SC GA (P = NS). Primary reasons for discontinuing or switching therapy were ISRs or lack of efficacy. Similar patterns were observed at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 on IM @entity2391 -1a had fewer ISRs and were less likely to switch therapies than @entity1 on other therapies. This study may have implications in selecting initial therapy or, for @entity1 considering switching or discontinuing therapy because of ISRs, selecting an alternative option.

title: The prevalence of injection-site reactions with disease-modifying therapies and their effect on adherence in XXXX with @entity15 : an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compared the integrated electromyogram (IEMG), @entity880 , and ventilatory thresholds under normal glycogen (NG) and depleted glycogen (DG) conditions for the purpose of determining the presence of a possible relationship between neuromuscular, metabolic and respiratory thresholds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six trained, male cyclists (Age = 24.0 +/- 2.45 yrs, Ht = 1.76 +/- 0.84 m, Mass = 76.22 +/- 10.03 kg, % Fat = 8.57 +/- 1.50, VO2 peak = 68.97 +/- 10.46 ml . kg-1 . @entity1009 ) completed a progressive, incremental cycle ergometer test under NG and DG conditions in a randomized order. @entity6182 was accomplished by having the subjects: (1) engage in a 12 hour fast prior to the exercise test, (2) complete a 1.5 hour ride at their ventilatory threshold, and (3) complete 4 to 8 one-minute rides at 100% of VO2 peak. Six hours following the depletion rides, the subjects completed the exercise test (90 rpm, 45 watts/2 min). Blood was withdrawn through a forearm venous catheter each minute and later analyzed for blood @entity880 . Metabolic data were measured every 30s and the IEMG of the rectus femoris was recorded during the last 10s of each minute of the exercise test. Results showed that under NG, the IEMG (TIEMG), @entity880 (Tlac), and ventilatory (Tvent) thresholds occurred at a similar VO2 (TIEMG = 3.46 +/- 0.31, Tlac = 3.51 +/- 0.34, Tvent = 3.36 +/- 0.42 L . @entity1009 ). However, under DG there was a significant shift in the TIEMG to a higher VO2 (TIEMG = 4.41 +/- 0.54 L . @entity1009 = p 0.003). Tlac was not significantly greater following @entity6182 , but had shifted to a higher VO2 in relation to the Tvent (Tlac = 3.96 +/- 0.40 L . @entity1009 , Tvent = 3.37 +/- 0.64 L . @entity1009 = p 0.01). These data show that @entity880 accumulation and muscle activation of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris are not the controlling mechanisms of the ventilatory threshold during progressive, incremental cycling exercise.

title: The effect of exercise induced @entity6182 on the XXXX , ventilatory and electromyographic thresholds.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity6182 :: ('MESH:D006008', 'Disease') :: ['Glycogen depletion', 'glycogen depletion']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dosing of antibiotics in @entity3124 @entity1 is challenging. It becomes even more difficult if renal or @entity409 ensue. Modern means of renal replacement therapy are capable of removing antibiotics to a higher rate than decades ago, leaving clinicians with a high degree of uncertainty concerning the dose of antibiotics in this @entity1 population. @entity799 , a combination of @entity206 ( @entity1597 ) and @entity207 ( @entity1598 ) is frequently used in the treatment of several infections including @entity10592 ( @entity10592 ). CASE PRESENTATION: Here we describe a @entity1 with @entity810 in which we investigated the @entity1597 and @entity1598 levels during the course of an ICU stay. @entity799 was administered every six hours i.v. in a dose of @entity1597 / @entity1598 15/75 mg/kg/day. Extended dialysis was performed with a high-flux dialyzer. Blood samples, as well as pre- and postdialyzer samples and aliquots of the collected spent dialysate were collected.Observed peak concentrations (Cmax) were 7.51 mg/l for @entity1597 and 80.80 mg/l for @entity1598 . Decline of blood levels during extended dialysis ( @entity1597 64%; @entity1598 84%) was mainly due to removal by the dialysis procedure, illustrated by the high dialyzer clearances (median of 4 extended dialysis sessions: @entity1597 94.0 / @entity1598 51.0 ml/min), as well as by the absolute amount of both substances in the collected spent dialysate (median of 6 extended dialysis sessions: @entity1597 556 mg / @entity1598 130 mg). Within the limitation of a case report our data from 4 consecutive extended dialysis sessions suggest that this procedure substantially removes both @entity1597 and @entity1598 . CONCLUSIONS: Dose reduction, which is usually advocated in @entity1 with @entity810 under renal replacement therapy, might lead to significant under-dosing. Pharmacokinetic studies for @entity1597 / @entity1598 dosing in this @entity1 population are necessary to allow adequate dosing.

title: @entity799 plasma levels, dialyzer clearance and total removal by extended dialysis in a @entity1 with XXXX : risk of under-dosing using current dosing recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10592 :: ('MESH:D011020', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia', 'PCP']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['Cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic impairment']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate practice variation and time trends in the initial prescription of second line drugs for the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) by a group of selected rheumatologists. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of all @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity309 , initially seen between January 1, 1985, and June 30, 1994, by rheumatologists from a tertiary center and a rheumatology referral clinic in Edmonton. RESULTS: 1427 @entity1 initially seen between 1985 and 1994 were included in the study. Of these, 1244 (87%) received a second line drug, 71% within 1.5 years after the disease onset. Overall, antimalarials and parenteral gold were the most frequently prescribed. Statistically significant trends were observed for the years under study. From 1985 to 1987, the most frequently prescribed initial second line drug was parenteral gold, between 1988 to 1990, @entity3378 , and after 1991, antimalarials. @entity1499 was rarely used as a first choice. Marked variability was observed among rheumatologists in the use of initial second line drugs. In general, year of prescription and prescribing rheumatologist were significantly associated with the selection of all second line drugs but @entity1499 . In addition, disease duration and residence (urban or rural) were associated with the selection of antimalarials and parenteral gold. CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 were treated early with second line drugs. Initial prescription patterns varied among rheumatologists. These patterns have changed over the last 10 years. An increasing trend in the use of antimalarials was noted, and unlike prescription patterns in the US, @entity1499 was rarely used as the first second line drug.

title: Variations and trends in the prescription of initial second line therapy for XXXX with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity4225 , mostly female, exhibit severe autoaggressive behavior, namely an intentionally performed, nonsuicidal self-injury and severe blunting of @entity158 perception, the mechanism of which is hitherto not understood. Because the nociceptive system displays a high degree of plasticity, the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of @entity158 perception to self-injurious behavior. @entity158 perception of mechanical and chemical noxious stimuli was studied by quantitative sensory testing in 22 @entity1 (15 female, 7 male) with @entity4225 ( @entity4225 ) according to DSM-IV and 22 age- and gender-matched controls. @entity4225 @entity1 exhibited a significantly higher @entity158 threshold to pinprick stimuli (2.7 times higher than healthy control subjects), and significantly lower @entity158 ratings to mechanical (pinprick, -28%) and chemical ( @entity2951 , -38%) stimulation. @entity2951 -induced @entity158 in @entity4225 @entity1 (  =49 seconds) than in controls (  =76 seconds). These alterations of @entity158 perception were generally present in the female, but not in the male subgroup of @entity4225 @entity1 . Analysis of @entity158 intensity vs unpleasantness suggested that primarily the unpleasantness aspect of the @entity158 experience was reduced. Blunting of @entity158 sensation was significantly predicted by the recency of self-injurious behavior (multiple r=0.58). In line with recent data, we suggest an excess of endogenous antinociception in @entity4225 @entity1 resulting from self-inflicted @entity1230 . This exaggerated @entity158 control is conceived to operate via an uncoupling of the evaluative or emotional-affective from the sensory-discriminative dimension of @entity158 .

title: Persistent antinociception through repeated self-injury in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'pain decayed significantly faster']

answer: @entity4225 :: (MESH:D001883,Disease) :: ['borderline personality disorder']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the demographics, haemodynamics, ECG characteristics, underlying disease, @entity591 termination and outcome of @entity1 with sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). We registered 75 @entity1 presenting with @entity1165 (51 male, median age 63) from December 1993 to August 1998 in our @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Seventeen of these @entity1 were haemodynamically unstable (23%), and 58 @entity1 were stable (77%); there was no difference in the @entity591 cycle length (median 320 ms) and QRS width (median 140ms) between the two groups; however, five of the seven @entity1 with polymorphic @entity1165 pattern were in the unstable group. @entity299 was the underlying disorder in 57 @entity1 (76%). @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was present in 12 of the 58 stable (21%) compared to 11 of the 17 unstable (65%) @entity1 . In three @entity1 (4%) @entity1165 terminated spontaneously, in 34 @entity1 (45%) @entity1165 was terminated by first-line intravenous drug therapy, and in 38 @entity1 (51%) including all 17 unstable and 22 stable who failed to respond to the intravenous antiarrhythmic therapy challenge out of 55 @entity1 , @entity1165 was terminated by electrical therapy. Within 2 days, 48 @entity1 (64%) were transferred to an open ward, 13 (17%) still needed intensive care, nine (12%) were discharged to home and five (7%) died. @entity204 occurred due to @entity712 from @entity583 with extensive anterior wall @entity1188 in three @entity1 , and due to @entity3822 and reocclusion of stented @entity3980 each in one @entity1 . At presentation in the @entity341 , the majority of the @entity1 with @entity1165 were haemodynamically stable, thus allowing first-line antiarrhythmic drug administration. However, in the course of the disease, half needed electrical therapy for definitive termination of the @entity591 . Therefore, direct current cardioversion must be available in the @entity341 . @entity1344 and death occurs significantly more often if @entity1165 occurs during the course of @entity583 .

title: Sustained XXXX in the @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['Haemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Acute myocardial infarction', 'AMI']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a @entity1176 vaccine on feedlot performance and meat quality in @entity7040 @entity7040   Brown Swiss bulls. The study was a 2   2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 1,600 bulls allocated by BW into 4 groups of     400 animals. The @entity1176 vaccine (Bopriva) was injected on d 0 and 42, and anabolic implants given on d 0 (Component E-S) and d 84 (Synovex Choice). Group designations were: Con = placebo control; Imp = implants alone; Vac = @entity1176 vaccine alone; and Vac+Imp = @entity1176 vaccine together with implants. The second @entity1176 vaccination at d 42 resulted in elevated titers of IgG antibody and suppressed concentrations of @entity251 in vaccinated groups (Vac and Vac+Imp) at d 56 (P < 0.001), with titers and suppressed @entity251 persisting to d 147 (P < 0.001). Groups Vac and Vac+Imp had reduced testes weights at slaughter on d 147 (P < 0.001). Bulls in group Vac were not different in final BW, HCW, or ADG (d 42 to 147) relative to bulls in group Con. Bulls in group Vac+Imp had greater final BW than bulls in group Imp (P = 0.008) and greater BW than bulls in group Vac and group Con (P < 0.001). The HCW of Vac+Imp bulls was greater than the Vac or Con bulls (P < 0.001) but was not different to the Imp bulls (P = 0.294). Improved ADG was obtained by vaccination with the @entity1176 vaccine, in the presence of implants (group Vac+Imp compared with group Imp, P < 0.001) or absence of implants (group Vac compared with group Con, P = 0.028). Meat quality of bulls receiving the @entity1176 vaccine was improved irrespective of implant status, with a 1.6- to 2.6-fold increase in the proportion of bulls in groups Vac and Vac+Imp, respectively, grading as USDA Choice (P < 0.002) and with greater fat depth at the 12th rib (P < 0.001). Meat tenderness was improved in the vaccine groups (Vac and Vac+Imp) compared with groups Con and Imp (P < 0.004). Use of the @entity1176 vaccine Bopriva in @entity7040   Brown Swiss bulls finishing in a feedlot under Mexican husbandry conditions can provide improved performance in combination with implants (increased BW and ADG) and improved meat quality, with or without implants, and in particular, better USDA carcass grading and loin fat cover.

title: Immunocastration of XXXX x Brown Swiss bulls in feedlot with gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccine Bopriva provides improved performance and meat quality.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity7040 :: ('9915', 'Species') :: ['Zebu', 'Bos indicus']

answer: @entity7040 :: (9915,Species) :: ['Bos indicus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative radiotherapy is the standard treatment for @entity213 having high-risk features in surgical specimens. However, its severe @entity137 can be a significant problem. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of our limited-field postoperative radiotherapy with the aim of reducing morbidity by minimizing the radiation field. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2009, 154 @entity1 with @entity213 received limited-field postoperative radiotherapy. The reason for postoperative radiotherapy was close/positive margins in 33 @entity1 and extracapsular extension in 91. The median radiation dose was 50 Gy (30-66.4). The radiation field covered the @entity5 bed without lymph node regions for close/positive margins and only involved sites of the neck region were irradiated for multiple nodes or extracapsular extension. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 43 months for surviving @entity1 , the 3-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 53.7 and 42.1%, respectively. The 3-year rates of progression-free survival of the group having major risks (i.e. close/positive margins and/or extracapsular extension) and the group with other risks were 34.7 and 62.8%, respectively (P < 0.01). Thirty-one local recurrences (20%), of which 22 were located out-of-field, and 44 regional recurrences (29%), of which 16 were located out-of-field, developed. Late @entity137 of grade 3 or greater developed in only six @entity1 (3.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Although the @entity137 associated with limited-field postoperative radiotherapy could be kept to lower levels, the locoregional control rate did not seem to be sufficient. We should arrange the radiation field depending on risk factors.

title: Clinical outcome and patterns of recurrence of XXXX with a limited field of postoperative radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity3857 rapidly induced @entity1317 in @entity95 bone marrow so that the barrier between @entity1583 cells and the circulation became defective. This change was followed by hypocellularity and @entity39 and @entity82 . Adult male @entity95 received @entity3857 intravenously (2 mg. per kg.) every 4 days for periods of up to 4 weeks; the animals were killed at varied times. In untreated animals, much of the sinus wall consisted only of endothelium. Within 2 hours after administration of @entity3857 the endothelium was damaged and @entity1583 cells, mostly reticulocytes and normoblasts, entered the circulation. Some sinuses hemorrhaged into the @entity1583 compartment. At 4 hours, sinuses were markedly dilated and @entity548 was extensive. By 3 days, extravasated erythrocytes, which were tending to aggregate, were unevenly distributed in the extravascular space of marrow. Damaged @entity1583 cells were dispersed among them. Regenerating blood vessels were noted and a few clusters of @entity1583 cells occurred in association with fibroblasts. At 1 week, a large portion of the marrow was either @entity39 or contained large-scale diffuse or focal @entity548 . Fibrotic areas often surrounded the arteries. After 2 to 4 weeks, @entity4018 became pronounced. The fibrotic tissue was well vascularized and contained small clusters of @entity1583 cells and a few fat cells. Macrophages were abundant and tended to fuse, forming multinucleated giant cells surrounding pockets of degenerated fat cells.

title: @entity95 bone marrow after administration of XXXX . An electron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponin', 'Saponin']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the wall of vascular sinuses']

answer: @entity3857 :: (MESH:D012503,Chemical) :: ['saponin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Case-control studies have successfully identified many genetic associations for complex diseases but suffer from lack of reproducibility in the same population. Demonstrating weak genetic effect requires large sample sizes to minimize statistical bias. Based on a study examining 500 @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 and 500 controls from the genetically isolated Newfoundland population, we previously reported that @entity37220 ( @entity37220 ) @entity37221 variant associates with @entity583 in @entity1 . To validate this sex-dependent association with the @entity37220 variant, we analyzed an additional 532 @entity1 and 514 controls from the same population and the combined cohort consisting of 1032 @entity1 and 1014 controls. METHODS: Genotyping of @entity37220 @entity37221 was conducted using Taq @entity1 @entity37221 ( @entity37222 ) ( @entity37223 ) genotyping technology on real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The genotype distributions of @entity37220 @entity37221 in the validation and combined cohorts were similar with those in our initial study, which supports genetic homogeneity in the studied population. The association of the CC genotype with @entity583 in @entity1 (odds ratio [OR], 2.96; P = .008) reported in our initial cohort failed to achieve statistical significance in our validation cohort (OR, 1.53; P = .307) but was confirmed in the combined cohort (OR, 2.14; P = .009). In contrast to the results from the initial cohort was a significant association of the CC genotype with later onset @entity583 in the validation (OR, 2.37; P = .029) and combined cohorts (OR, 2.22; P = .011). Moreover, the larger studied population gave statistical power to associate the CC genotype with risk of @entity583 in the total @entity1 population (OR, 1.58; P = .023). CONCLUSION: Homozygosity for the @entity37220 1186C variant is a weak risk factor for @entity583 especially in older @entity1 .

title: @entity37220 @entity37221 (A387P) is a sex-dependent risk factor for XXXX : a large replication study with increased sample size from the same population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Man', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Endoscopic methods are effective in the control of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) @entity548 . Initial @entity177 or recurrent @entity548 may develop in some @entity1 , which may require angiographic or surgical interventions. We aimed to determine the factors leading to @entity177 of endoscopic treatment methods. METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 (1.37%) had endoscopic and/or clinically significant @entity548 among a total of 3354 ESs (2998 primary, 356 re-ES) performed within 3 years. Forty-one @entity1 (21 immediate, 20 late onset @entity548 ) underwent endoscopic treatment. Nineteen @entity1 were treated initially by epinephrine injection and 22 with heat probe. The relation between demographic, laboratory parameters, presence of comorbidity, @entity255 , @entity1003 , and juxtapapillary diverticula, pre-cutting, type of ES, time and pattern of @entity548 , treatment modality, the success and relapse of endoscopic treatment were evaluated. RESULTS: The first method was successful in the treatment of @entity548 in 18 @entity1 with heat probe and epinephrine injection, each. Presence of @entity255 , @entity1003 and increased international normalized ratio (INR) levels were found to determine the success of first treatment method. Bleeding could be stopped in all of the @entity1 either with initially preferred or combined methods. Five @entity1 developed recurrent @entity548 . Presence of @entity255 , @entity1003 , increased INR levels, low thrombocyte counts and performance of precutting were factors predicting recurrence. Both of the treatment methods were 100% effective in @entity1 without @entity1003 and none of the @entity1 developed recurrent @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity548 in @entity1 with high risks such as @entity1003 require new effective methods. @entity1 with @entity1003 must be carefully followed for the development of recurrent @entity548 .

title: Factors affecting the success of endoscopic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'ES bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['sphincterotomy bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Larviciding is a key strategy used in many vector control programmes around the world. Costs could be reduced if larvicides could be manufactured locally. The potential of natural products as larvicides against the main African @entity311 vector, @entity313 s.s was evaluated. METHODS: To assess the larvicidal efficacy of a neem (Azadirachta indica) oil formulation ( @entity15574 content of 0.03% w/v) on An. gambiae s.s., larvae were exposed as third and fourth instars to a normal diet supplemented with the neem oil formulations in different concentrations. A control group of larvae was exposed to a @entity4336 oil formulation in similar concentrations. RESULTS: Neem oil had an LC50 value of 11 ppm after 8 days, which was nearly five times more toxic than the @entity4336 oil formulation. Adult emergence was inhibited by 50% at a concentration of 6 ppm. Significant reductions on growth indices and pupation, besides prolonged larval periods, were observed at neem oil concentrations above 8 ppm. The @entity4336 oil formulation, in contrast, produced no growth disruption within the tested range of concentrations. CONCLUSION: Neem oil has good larvicidal properties for An. gambiae s.s. and suppresses successful adult emergence at very low concentrations. Considering the wide distribution and availability of this tree and its products along the East African coast, this may prove a readily available and cheap alternative to conventional larvicides.

title: Larvicidal effects of a neem (Azadirachta indica) oil formulation on the XXXX vector @entity313 .

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

entities_list: @entity15574 :: ('MESH:C010329', 'Chemical') :: ['azadirachtin']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity688 ( @entity688 ) exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities in vitro. Recent data indicate that treatment with recombinant @entity1 @entity688 (rHuIL-10) @entity30 is safe and may induce clinical and endoscopic remission. The present study investigates the in vivo immunomodulatory properties of rHuIL-10 in @entity29 ( @entity29 ). METHODS: As part of two randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials, repeated flow cytometric analyses of lymphocyte phenotypes (CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity4071 + 56, @entity1075 ) and activity markers (human leukocyte antigen [HLA]-DR; intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ @entity2071 ]; @entity2902 [ @entity2902 ]; high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin G [IgG; @entity10685 ) on T cells, monocytes, and neutrophils were performed in 17 @entity1 with @entity29 who received rHuIL-10 (5, 10, or 20 micrograms/kg) or placebo, administered subcutaneously, once daily for 28 days. RESULTS: Minor changes were noted in CD3+, @entity405 +, and CD3+/ @entity4071 + 56+ lymphocyte phenotypes, whereas absolute numbers of @entity404 + lymphocytes and @entity1075 + cells increased. T-cell activation markers HLA-DR and @entity2902 were downregulated. rHuIL-10 did not influence HLA-DR expression on monocytes. @entity2071 modulation on monocytes and neutrophils was mild and inconsistent. @entity10685 expression was upregulated on both neutrophils and monocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the immunosuppressive effects of rHuIL-10 treatment are partly different from its in vitro observed actions. The increase of the @entity137 -mediating @entity10685 points to potential immunostimulating properties of this cytokine.

title: In vivo effects of recombinant @entity1 XXXX on lymphocyte phenotypes and leukocyte activation markers in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity2902 :: ('3559', 'Gene') :: ['IL-2-receptor alpha', 'IL-2R alpha']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['interleukin-10']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Skin and skin adnexa @entity137 are the most common side effects associated with epidermal growth factor receptor @entity4149 kinase inhibitors ( @entity470 -TKIs) and occur in most @entity1 receiving this therapy. The majority of these cutaneous side effects are transient, reversible, and dose dependent. Although these symptoms are in general not severe, they significantly affect quality of life and can have a serious effect on treatment compliance as well as the treatment regimen. The most common early symptoms present as papulopustules on an erythematous base, usually localized in seborrheic areas. This clinical presentation is commonly described as "acneiform", although these adverse reactions have clinical presentations, such as @entity19857 . In this context, we report a case of a 77-year-old @entity1 with a medical history of planocellular @entity2 with @entity358 and mediastinum infiltration who received @entity3866 as a third-line therapy, presenting with @entity1910 as a side effect associated with the use of @entity470 -TKIs. The @entity1 had a negative previous history of @entity6509 . Therefore, symptoms probably occurred as an adverse reaction due to the oncological therapy. Current terminology of early cutaneous adverse reactions caused by @entity470 -TKIs refers to "acneiform" or "papulopustular" lesions, excluding less common side effects such as @entity6509 -like @entity1909 so these symptoms might be overlooked and misdiagnosed. Thus, we would like to emphasize the importance of developing a more accurate classification of terms in order to provide early detection of all possible cutaneous side effects, including less common ones, providing specific and timely treatment, and allowing continuation of drug therapy.

title: @entity3866 -induced XXXX -like @entity1909 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity19857 :: ('MESH:D012628', 'Disease') :: ['rosacea-like and seborrheic-like dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['centrofacial rosaceiform rash']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity6509 :: (MESH:D012393,Disease) :: ['Rosacea']


abstract: We describe the in vitro morphometric changes shown by @entity35 osteoclasts that accompany their functional responses to the application of a range of regulatory agents of known physiological importance. We introduce a cellular motility parameter, mu, which was defined through a quantification of retraction-protrusion behaviour. This was used in conjunction with a net cell retraction, rho, which is derived from the change in total cell area following the application of an agent. These terms were used together for the description of cellular motility changes in response to specific cellular regulatory agents. The definition of retraction-protrusion was normalised against control cell area, to give a dimensionless variable independent of the net cell retraction. Thus, mutual terms present in either descriptor cancelled when the complementary parameter was held constant. Furthermore, the descriptor, mu remained time-invariant for extended intervals (around 20 min) even when rho was varying following cell introduction into culture. Interventions also with substances known to modify osteoclast function, were capable of altering each descriptor, to different extents. Thus elevation of the extracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]e) at the osteoclast @entity460 "receptor" altered rho without changes in mu. In contrast, the polypeptide @entity18670 (250 nM), within 20 minutes of application, elicited a marked change in mu, but only a relatively small change in rho. Finally, @entity1 calcitonin treatment (300 pM) influenced both descriptors. When combined together, these morphometric findings accordingly offer complementary descriptions of visible cellular changes in response to added agents of physiological relevance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A quantitative description of components of in vitro morphometric change in the XXXX osteoclast model: relationships with cellular function.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Total knee modular megaprosthesis or osteochondral allograft are used to preserve joint @entity5 of the proximal tibia. The aim of this study was to compare two groups of @entity1 with total knee modular megaprosthesis and osteochondral allograft through an objective analysis. Eighteen @entity1 , ten treated with prosthesis (TKR group) and eight with osteochondral allografts ( @entity1582 group), were included in the study. X-ray, muscular strength measurements, and studies of gait analysis including electromyography (EMG) were used to compare functional results of @entity1 . In the TKR group a higher incidence of knee extension lag was found. While the TKR group had a prevalent knee stiff/hyperextension pattern with reduced rectus femoris activity, the @entity1582 group had a higher percentage of normal knee pattern. Knee extensor muscular strength was reduced in the TKR group. TKR functional performance during gait is in most cases abnormal, consistent with the weakness of the extensor apparatus and knee extension lag. Although a greater rate of normal walking was found in the @entity1582 group, problems related to a short patellar tendon, knee instability, and joint mismatching were considered to be responsible for abnormal knee kinematics. An allograft, when optimal reconstruction is performed, gives better functional results.

title: Total knee replacement versus osteochondral allograft in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['movement in bone tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['proximal tibia bone tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 @entity683 on immunocompromised @entity1 in western countries has been described, but reports from pediatric @entity1 in the Middle East or Arab countries are deficient. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1583 and laboratory-proven H1N1 @entity683 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from 3 pediatric hematology/oncology units in Lebanon. A confirmed case of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 @entity683 is a clinically suspected case with positive H1N1 test by either a rapid immunofluorescence test or by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were collected retrospectively from the medical charts. RESULTS: From October 2009 to March 2010, 14 immunocompromised @entity1 were infected with H1N1 @entity683 . Eight were male and 6 were female. The median age of @entity1 was 4.5 years (range, 1 to 14). All @entity1 were hospitalized and treated with @entity684 . Twelve @entity1 responded to treatment; the other 2 @entity1 with severe @entity649 were transferred to intensive care unit and resuscitated but died after 7 and 12 days. CONCLUSIONS: Immunocompromised @entity1 infected with pandemic 2009 @entity683 may respond very well when the diagnosis and treatment are rapid. However, on the basis of our experience, if the underlying disease is more severe ( @entity465 with significant immunosuppressive treatment and induction of high-risk @entity1778 ), the odds of mortality are likely greater.

title: Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 XXXX in pediatric hematology/oncology units in Lebanon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Platelet activating factor (Paf, 0.02 micrograms/kg, i.v. bolus) caused an acute increase in airways responsiveness to @entity112 in anaesthetized @entity840 prepared for recording airways resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn). @entity117 pretreatment (10 mg/kg, i.v.) attenuated the return of airways responsiveness to prechallenge levels. Pretreatment with the combined cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitors BW 755C (20 mg/kg, i.v.) and @entity3351 (20 mg/kg, i.v.), or with the putative @entity6954 -containing leukotriene antagonist @entity1439 (0.25 mg/kg/min, i.v.), or a Paf antagonist @entity34042 (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.), prevented Paf-induced increased airways responsiveness. Inhibitors of @entity4352 synthesis, BW 755C and @entity3351 , or action, @entity1439 , had variable effects on Paf-induced bronchoconstriction. These data suggest that lipoxygenase metabolites, possibly leukotrienes, may mediate an acute increase in airways responsiveness to @entity112 after Paf exposure.

title: Lipoxygenase metabolites mediate increased airways responsiveness to @entity112 after acute platelet activating factor exposure in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6954 :: ('CHEBI:23511', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteinyl']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity73 ( @entity73 ) @entity1 deteriorate faster than the healthy elderly population and have an increased risk of developing @entity303 . Certain blood molecular biomarkers have been identified as prognostic markers in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). The present study was aimed to assess the status of the platelet amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism in @entity73 and @entity195 subjects and establish to what extent any variation could have a prognostic value suggestive of predictive @entity195 in @entity73 @entity1 . Thirty-four subjects diagnosed with @entity73 and 45 subjects with @entity195 were compared to 28 healthy elderly individuals for assessing for protein levels of APP, @entity6705 ( @entity6705 ), @entity3666 ( @entity3666 ) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-10 ( @entity2854 ) by western blot, and for the enzyme activities of @entity6705 and y-secretase by using specific fluorogenic substrates, in samples of platelets. A similar pattern in the healthy elderly and @entity73 @entity1 was found for @entity6705 and @entity3666 levels. A reduction of APP levels in @entity73 and @entity195 @entity1 compared with healthy elderly individuals was found. Augmented levels of @entity2854 in both @entity73 and @entity195 were displayed in comparison with age-matched control subjects. The ratio @entity2854 / @entity6705 was higher for the @entity73 group versus @entity195 group. Whereas @entity6705 and @entity3666 levels were only increased in @entity195 regarding to controls, @entity6705 and y-secretase activities augmented significantly in both @entity73 and @entity195 groups. Finally, differences and similarities between @entity73 and @entity195 @entity1 were observed in several markers of platelet APP processing. Larger sample sets from diverse populations need to be analyzed to define a signature for the presence of @entity73 or @entity195 pathology and to early detect @entity195 at the @entity73 stage.

title: Processing of the platelet amyloid precursor protein in the @entity73 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity6705 :: ('23621', 'Gene') :: ['b-APP cleaving enzyme 1', 'BACE1']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['MCI']


abstract: @entity565 and @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) are two common illnesses that cause significant morbidity and mortality. @entity230 are widely used in both conditions. They act through @entity134 or glucocorticoid receptors (GR) causing up or down regulation of protein synthesis resulting in an increase in @entity216 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors, and decreased levels and activities of cytokines or cytokine receptors, which reduces the inflammatory process in the airways and decreases @entity6587 . Consequently symptoms of @entity1224 are alleviated and lung function is improved. In @entity565 , @entity230 have been convincingly shown to be effective in the treatment of both acute exacerbations and chronic condition. In @entity1030 , however, only a subset of @entity1 seem to respond favourably to @entity134 therapy. Therapeutic trials are therefore recommended before committing to a long-term treatment in order to determine this subset of @entity1 , as no markers of @entity134 responsiveness can be identified. The inhaled @entity230 currently available have a good safety profile with significant side effects occurring only occasionally. Such side effects are usually confined to the oropharynx, causing local irritation, @entity7553 and @entity7364 , which can be easily overcome. Biochemical abnormalities involving bone, adrenal, @entity1735 and lipid profiles have been noted with high doses of inhaled @entity230 ; however, these have no significant clinical effects.

title: XXXX therapy in obstructive @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: @entity548 is one of the most life-threatening complications of @entity788 . It is usually due to erosion of a major pancreatic or peripancreatic vessel with @entity548 into the gastrointestinal tract or abdominal cavity, or to formation and subsequent rupture of an arterial @entity2849 . In addition, the inflammatory process of @entity788 may cause @entity715 of the portal vein or its main tributaries, the splenic and superior mesenteric veins, resulting in @entity101 with gastric, mesenteric, or colonic varices. @entity548 is not an uncommon vascular complication of @entity788 . The use of the newer, noninvasive imaging modalities of US, duplex Doppler US, and bolus-dynamic CT; earlier use of diagnostic and therapeutic angiography; and a more aggressive surgical approach have led to significant reductions in morbidity and mortality rates for @entity1 with @entity455 secondary to @entity788 . The radiologic diagnosis of @entity455 can be accomplished with US, CT, and angiography. US and CT may show formation of arterial @entity2849 , evidence of @entity548 into a @entity9007 or fluid collection, or portal @entity49 with development of varices. The presence of flow in a @entity2849 , or absence of flow due to portal @entity49 , can be confirmed by contrast-enhanced dynamic CT or duplex Doppler US. Angiography should be utilized in all @entity1 , if possible, to show the precise site and source of @entity548 . Although active @entity548 can be diagnosed only by detection of contrast extravasation, the source of @entity548 often can be identified by demonstration of an underlying @entity455 , such as a @entity2849 or varices. @entity1 who are hemodynamically stable and who have angiographic evidence of @entity548 can be treated with transcatheter embolization. This may result in permanent control of the @entity548 , providing definitive treatment, or temporary control, thus allowing surgery to be performed on an elective or semi-emergent basis. @entity1 who are unstable or who have vascular involvement that is not amenable to transcatheter embolization should have emergency surgery. Preoperative angiography should be performed prior to surgery, if possible. Angiography can show the surgeon the exact vessel involved, as well as the surrounding vascular anatomy, thus facilitating the surgical approach. In selected @entity1 , occlusion balloon catheters can be employed to obtain hemostasis during or after pancreatic surgery.

title: XXXX of @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications', 'vascular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['compartmental portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'Hemorrhage', 'Variceal hemorrhage', 'massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Vascular complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large randomized screening trials provide an estimation of the effect of screening at a population-based level. The effect of screening for individuals, however, is diluted by nonattendance and contamination in the trial arms. OBJECTIVE: To determine the @entity263 ( @entity263 ) mortality reduction from screening after adjustment for nonattendance and contamination. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A total of 34,833 @entity1 in the core age group, 55-69 yr, were randomized to a screening or control arm in the Rotterdam section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for @entity263 (ERSPC). @entity1486 (PSA) testing was offered to all @entity1 in the screening arm at 4-yr intervals. A prostate biopsy was offered to @entity1 with an elevated PSA. The primary end point was @entity263 -specific mortality. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Nonattendance was defined as nonparticipation in the screening arm. Contamination in the control arm was defined as receiving asymptomatic PSA testing or a prostate biopsy in the absence of symptoms. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated with an intention to screen (ITS) analysis and after correction for nonattendance and contamination using a method that preserves the benefits obtained by randomization. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The ITS analysis resulted in an RR of 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.89) in favor of screening at a median follow-up of 13 yr. Correction for both nonattendance and contamination resulted in an RR of 0.49 (95% CI, 0.27-0.87) in favor of screening. CONCLUSIONS: @entity263 screening as conducted in the Rotterdam section of the ERSPC can reduce the risk of dying from @entity263 up to 51% for an individual @entity1 choosing to be screened repeatedly compared with a @entity1 who was not screened. This benefit of screening should be balanced against the harms of overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN49127736.

title: @entity1486 -based @entity263 screening: reduction of XXXX mortality after correction for nonattendance and contamination in the Rotterdam section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['man', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate Cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Infleunce of hyper-and @entity1375 on @entity4944 activity was observed by measuring the effects on @entity221 and brain @entity4944 and @entity1063 levels. @entity1378 was obtained in @entity35 injected with @entity1954 0.2 mg/kg i.p. every day for 5 days. Controls were treated with the vehicle 1.0 ml/kg i.p. for the same period. On the 6th day, @entity2254 (10 mg/kg i.p.) was administered to the two groups of animals and the body temperature and brain @entity4944 and @entity1063 contents were measured at 0 min, 15 min, 30 min and 60 min. @entity1378 @entity35 showed a more marked @entity221 than did the control animals. On the other hand " @entity4944 -induced release of @entity1063 " of @entity1378 @entity35 was not so marked as in the control @entity35 , however @entity4944 levels did not differ in the two groups. @entity1375 was evident in the thyroidectomized @entity35 . Controls for this group underwent a sham-operation. All animals were injected with @entity4944 21 days later. @entity4944 did not cause a @entity221 in thyroidectomized @entity35 . On the other hand, @entity4944 levels were considerably higher than in the control @entity35 , but the degree of @entity1063 release was comparable in the two groups.

title: [Effects of hyper-and @entity1375 on central nervous system with special reference to its effects on rectal temperature and brain @entity1063 levels in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism', 'Hyperthyroid', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine', 'Amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['tri-iodothyronine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the crural arteries. @entity1 AND METHODS: a retrospective review of @entity1 treated with @entity865 of at least one crural artery during an 8-year period (1990--1997). RESULTS: one hundred and fifty-five legs in 140 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 74 years, range 38--91 years) were treated. In 76% a more proximal lesion was also treated. After 1 year, results were significantly better in non- @entity6 (improvement rate of 66% vs 32%p <0.05). The outcome for @entity1 with a combination of @entity6 , @entity299 and @entity8 was significantly worse compared to all other @entity1 with an improvement rate of only 9% after 1 year. @entity1 alive and not amputated at 1 year were significantly more common (p <0.05) among non- @entity6 (90%), compared to @entity6 (66%). The 1-year mortality for the whole group was 15%, significantly higher for @entity6 @entity1 (p =0.04). CONCLUSION: PTA of crural arteries produces reasonably good results in non- @entity6 @entity1 . @entity6 @entity1 were doing worse than non- @entity6 after a year, though 1-month results were not significantly different. @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity299 and @entity8 make a high-risk group that has a significantly worse outcome.

title: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of crural arteries: XXXX and other factors influencing outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) is a widely used @entity235 model of @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ). Recent studies have shown that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to non-invasively detect consistent changes in both @entity1555 and @entity3986 . In this paper, we propose a semiautomated system to quantify MRI biomarkers of @entity3986 . METHODS: Our system was applied to a database of 45 MRI scans from 8 normal and 10 @entity3986 @entity235 in a longitudinal natural history study. We first segmented six proximal pelvic limb muscles using a semiautomated full muscle segmentation method. We then performed preprocessing, including intensity inhomogeneity correction, spatial registration of different image sequences, intensity calibration of T2-weighted and T2-weighted fat-suppressed images, and calculation of MRI biomarker maps. Finally, for each of the segmented muscles, we automatically measured MRI biomarkers of muscle volume, intensity statistics over MRI biomarker maps, and statistical image texture features. RESULTS: The muscle volume and the mean intensities in T2 value, fat, and water maps showed group differences between normal and @entity3986 @entity235 . For the statistical texture biomarkers, both the histogram and run-length matrix features showed obvious group differences between normal and @entity3986 @entity235 . The full muscle segmentation showed significantly less error and variability in the proposed biomarkers when compared to the standard, limited muscle range segmentation. CONCLUSION: The experimental results demonstrated that this quantification tool could reliably quantify MRI biomarkers in @entity3986 @entity235 , suggesting that it would also be useful for quantifying disease progression and measuring therapeutic effect in @entity1555 @entity1 .

title: A computerized MRI biomarker quantification scheme for a @entity235 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['GRMD', 'Golden retriever muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity30 isolated to the appendix has primarily been documented in case reports. We contribute a series with longterm followup and a literature review. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of 1,133 consecutive appendectomy specimens over the 6-year period ending in 1994 identified seven @entity1 with isolated @entity738 . Two @entity1 presented before the review period. These nine @entity1 are reviewed and 156 @entity1 identified in the world literature. RESULTS: @entity738 usually presents as an indolent course of @entity698 . No @entity1 developed enterocutaneous @entity292 after appendectomy in our series. A mean followup of 7.3 years in our @entity1 revealed no evidence of @entity30 . CONCLUSIONS: Granulomatous @entity32 isolated to the appendix differs from typical @entity30 with a decreased occurrence of enterocutaneous @entity292 and rare recurrence. Consequently, isolated @entity738 without small bowel or cecal involvement may not represent true @entity30 . @entity1 can be treated with minimal morbidity by appendectomy alone. If isolated @entity738 does represent @entity30 , its longterm course in the majority of @entity1 is extremely benign.

title: XXXX : @entity30 , atypical @entity30 or not @entity30 at all?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous appendicitis', 'Granulomatous appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['Granulomatous appendicitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs) are an attractive cell source for applications in regenerative medicine, due to characteristics such as proliferative capacity and multipotency. In addition, Akt, a @entity563  - @entity1889 kinase, maintains stem cells by promoting viability and proliferation. Whether the transplantation of Akt-overexpressing AFMSCs protects the heart against @entity63  -reperfusion (I/R) injury has yet to be elucidated. Accordingly, the Akt gene was overexpressed in AFMSCs using lentiviral transduction, and Akt  -AFMSCs were transplanted into the ischemic myocardium of @entity95 prior to reperfusion. Any protective effects resulting from this procedure were subsequently sought after three weeks later. A histological examination revealed that there was a decrease in @entity32 and ultrastructural damage, and an increase in capillary density and in the levels of @entity38291 , @entity1006 and cardiac troponin  T in the Akt  -AFMSC group compared with the control group. A significant decrease in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, accompanying an increase in phosphorylated Akt and B  -cell lymphoma 2 ( @entity9470 ) and a decrease in @entity38292 , was also observed. Furthermore, the left ventricular function was markedly augmented in the Akt  -AFMSC group compared with the control group. These observations suggested that the protective effect of AFMSCs may be due to the delivery of secreted cytokines, promotion of neoangiogenesis, prevention of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, transdifferentiation into cardiomyocytes and promotion of the viability of AFMSCs, which are assisted by Akt gene modification. Taken together, the results of the present study have indicated that transplantation of Akt-AFMSCs is able to alleviate @entity741 and improve cardiac function.

title: The transplantation of Akt-overexpressing amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells protects the heart against XXXX -reperfusion injury in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intramyocardial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial I/R injury']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterise the complete case series of @entity281 as of 27 May 2013, detected by China's national sentinel surveillance system for @entity683 . DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Outpatient clinics and emergency departments of 554 sentinel hospitals across 31 provinces in mainland China. CASES: Infected individuals were identified through cross-referencing @entity1 who had laboratory confirmed A/H7N9 infection with @entity1 detected by the sentinel surveillance system for @entity683 , where @entity1 meeting the World Health Organization's @entity683 undergo weekly surveillance, and 10-15 nasopharyngeal swabs are collected each week from a subset of @entity1 with @entity683 in each hospital for virological testing. We extracted relevant epidemiological data from public health investigations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at the local, provincial, and national level; and clinical and laboratory data from chart review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory profiles of the case series. RESULTS: Of 130 @entity1 with laboratory confirmed A/H7N9 infection as of 27 May 2013, five (4%) were detected through the sentinel surveillance system for @entity683 . Mean age was 13 years (range 2-26), and none had any underlying medical conditions. Exposure history, geographical location, and timing of symptom onset of these five @entity1 were otherwise similar to the general cohort of laboratory confirmed cases so far. Only two of the five @entity1 needed hospitalisation, and all five had mild or moderate disease with an uneventful course of recovery. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the existence of a "clinical iceberg" phenomenon in @entity281 , and reinforce the need for vigilance to the diverse presentation that can be associated with A/H7N9 infection. At the public health level, indirect evidence suggests a substantial proportion of mild disease in @entity281 .

title: Detection of mild to moderate @entity281 by China's national sentinel surveillance system for XXXX : case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A/H7N9 infections', 'A/H7N9 infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza-like illness', 'definition of influenza-like illness']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza-like illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) is a widespread ailment. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of @entity1771 in the treatment of @entity1643 and the changes in anger status and processing, body weight, subjective @entity158 and health-related quality of life during the course of treatment. METHODS: We conducted a 10-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of @entity1771 in 96 (36 @entity1 ) @entity1 with @entity1643 . The subjects were randomly assigned to @entity1771 (n=48) or placebo (n=48). Primary outcome measures were changes on the McGill @entity158 Questionnaire, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Oswestry Low Back @entity158 Disability Questionnaire and SF-36 Health Survey scales, and in body weight. RESULTS: In comparison with the placebo group (according to the intent-to-treat principle), significant changes on the @entity158 rating index of McGill @entity158 Questionnaire (Ps<0.001), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory Scales (all Ps<0.001), Oswestry Low Back @entity158 Disability Questionnaire (P<0.001), and SF-36 Health Survey scales (all P<0.001, except on the role-emotional scale) were observed after 10 weeks in the @entity1 treated with @entity1771 . Weight loss was also observed and was significantly more pronounced in the group treated with @entity1771 than in those treated with placebo (P<0.001). Most @entity1 tolerated @entity1771 relatively well but 2 @entity1 dropped out because of side effects. DISCUSSION: @entity1771 seems to be a relatively safe and effective agent in the treatment of @entity1643 . Significantly positive changes in @entity158 sensitivity, anger status and processing, subjective disability, health-related quality of life, and loss of weight were observed.

title: XXXX in treatment of @entity1 with @entity1643 : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic low back pain', 'CLBP']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate', 'Topiramate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related disability', 'Pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1771 :: (MESH:C052342,Chemical) :: ['Topiramate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1721 and @entity420 were increasingly recognized as two entities with different biologic behaviors and prognosis. Surgical risks and oncologic benefits of transthoracic and transhiatal esophagectomy for @entity1721 @entity1 are not confessed. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2005, 216 @entity1721 @entity1 underwent esophagectomy were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-six @entity1 underwent transthoracic esophagectomy and 50 @entity1 underwent transhiatal esophagectomy. The overall hospital mortality and @entity260 rates were 9.7 and 49%, respectively. The amount of intra-operative @entity190 or transfusion, @entity260 rate, lengths of hospital stay and hospital mortality rate were not significantly different between both groups. However, shorter operative time was noticed in transhiatal group (p<0.001). The overall 5-year survival rate was 16.8%. @entity418 @entity1 underwent either transthoracic or transhiatal esophagectomy had comparable long-term survival. The pTNM stage was independent prognostic factor for @entity1 underwent transthoracic esophagectomy. However, location of @entity5 (p=0.009) and pathologic @entity5 length (p=0.012) were predictors of prognosis for @entity1 underwent transhiatal esophagectomy. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1721 @entity1 , no significant differences in postoperative mortality or morbidity rates were observed between transthoracic and transhiatal esophagectomy. However, traditional pTNM staging system might underestimate the severity of @entity1721 @entity1 who underwent transhiatal esophagectomy. The information of dissimilar prognostic factors for transhiatal or transthoracic esophagectomies will be helpful in tailoring more individualized adjuvant therapy to optimize @entity1721 @entity1 's outcome.

title: An audit of surgical outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6051 ( @entity3443 ) @entity734 ( @entity734 ) in adult solid organ transplant recipients was summarized extensively in consensus reports published between 2009 and 2011. Thus, this review provides an update on the science of @entity3443 @entity734 over the past 5  years. Areas covered: PubMed and Google Scholar (January 2010-January 2016) were searched; relevant articles from bibliographies of identified articles were extracted for further review. New evidence on @entity734 -guided dosing in @entity3443 efficacy and @entity137 and best approaches for estimating @entity3443 area-under-the-curve for @entity734 were retrieved. Expert opinion: Since 2011, little advancement in consensus on @entity3443 @entity734 has been established for any type of solid organ transplant. Lack of systematic studies validating or further defining @entity3443 's target range suggests that routine @entity734 is still unwarranted. Accurate, precise, and user-friendly limited sampling strategies (LSSs) are available in specific @entity1 populations taking @entity618 but not enteric-coated @entity6051 sodium. In absence of outcome data, routine use of LSSs in @entity3443 @entity734 still cannot be recommended. Further research should attempt to define factors that modulate @entity3443 's pharmacokinetics to elucidate their impact on utility of @entity734 . Future studies should also validate LSSs in larger @entity1 populations and demonstrate benefits of LSSs in improving @entity1 outcomes.

title: Therapeutic drug monitoring of @entity6051 in adult solid organ transplant XXXX : an update.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate', 'Mycophenolate']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['TDM', 'therapeutic drug monitoring']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ), problems with sleep, eating/mealtime behaviours, physiotherapy adherence and parental mental health issues are common, yet their natural history and the extent of service use to address them are unknown. OBJECTIVE: Follow up the 2007 cohort to determine: (1) prevalence of @entity1 sleep, eating/mealtime behaviours, physiotherapy adherence, and externalising/internalising problem behaviours and primary caregiver mental health status after a 3-year period; (2) natural history of @entity1 behaviours; (3) potentially modifiable predictors of persistent problems; and (4) service use for behaviours. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: Royal @entity1 's Hospital, Monash Medical Centre and Sydney @entity1 's Hospital (Australia) @entity1577 clinics. @entity1 : Caregivers, of @entity1 aged 3-8 years, who completed the baseline questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 sleep, eating/mealtime behaviours, adherence with therapy and externalising and internalising behaviours. PREDICTORS: parenting style (low warmth), caregiver mental health status and sleep quality at baseline. RESULTS: 102 of 116 (88%) families participated. The prevalence of sleep and eating/mealtime problems at follow-up was similar to baseline. The prevalence of caregiver mental health symptoms remained higher than the community data. 71 out of 102 (70%) of the @entity1 experienced at least one persistent behaviour problem. Caregiver mental health difficulties predicted persistent @entity1 moderate to severe @entity25 (adjusted OR 6.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 36.2, p=0.03) and their persistently poor adherence to the physiotherapy regimen (adjusted OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 9.2, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 problem behaviours are common in @entity1 with @entity1577 , persist and are often predicted by the mental health of the parent. Routine surveillance for and management of @entity1 problem behaviours are recommended.

title: The natural history and predictors of persistent problem behaviours in XXXX : a multicentre, prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep problems']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: Purpose: To evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) changes during nocturnal sleep in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) using a @entity2092 ( @entity2092 ). Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Seven @entity27 @entity1 who had no @entity2194 except mild @entity231 were enrolled. Each subject underwent @entity2092 -based continuous IOP monitoring on one eye simultaneously with overnight polysomnography. We classified the nocturnal IOP records into nonapnea IOP and @entity386 IOP, according to the duration of @entity386 events on polysomnography within each IOP measurement time of 30 seconds every 5 minutes. Results: Differences between IOP levels during nonapnea and @entity386 phases were statistically analyzed. The mean @entity386 - @entity387 index, the total number of these events per hour of sleep, was 44.2    21.0, indicating the @entity1 ' severity of @entity27 as moderate to severe. The mean range of IOP fluctuations during nocturnal sleep was 262.3    59.5 mV eq. All @entity1 showed lower mean IOP levels during @entity386 events than during nonapnea phases, with statistically significant differences detected in four of the seven @entity1 . On average, in all seven eyes, IOP values significantly decreased by 23.1    16.4 mV eq in association with @entity386 events. Conclusions: Obstructive @entity386 led to an immediate IOP decline during nocturnal sleep in @entity1 with @entity27 . Attention should be paid to IOP-independent etiology, such as @entity519 , potentially linking @entity27 and @entity726 .

title: Continuous Intraocular Pressure Monitoring During Nocturnal Sleep in XXXX With @entity27 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular diseases']

entities_list: @entity2092 :: ('MESH:D007905', 'Disease') :: ['CLS', 'contact lens sensor']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['episodic hypoxia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have investigated the intestinal mononuclear cell subpopulations in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and correlated these with the disease activity. METHODS: Eighteen female outpatients were studied; in 10 of them lupus activity was measured with the Lupus Activity Criteria Count and the @entity1252 Activity Index. Eight @entity1 were in lupus remission. The control group consisted of 10 healthy volunteers. Peroral jejunal biopsy was performed in all individuals, at the angle of Treitz, using a Watson capsule, under X-ray control. Histologic studies analysed the villous to crypt ratio, lamina propria cells, and intraepithelial lymphocyte count. Immunohistochemical evaluation was carried out with the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, using monoclonal antibodies against CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 , D1, D7, D9, and M1. RESULTS: Lamina propria CD3+, @entity405 +, D7+, and M1+ cells from @entity1 with @entity1252 did not differ significantly from those of controls. @entity404 + cells were decreased in all @entity1 with @entity1252 , especially in the clinically inactive @entity1 . D1+ and D9+ cells were also decreased in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The finding of quantitative abnormalities in the cell-mediated immunity of the intestinal mucosa may reflect systemic defects of the immune system in @entity1252 .

title: Small-bowel involvement in XXXX : a morphometric and immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'SLE Disease']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Observers often fail to detect substantial changes in a visual scene. This so-called change @entity1939 is often taken as evidence that visual representations are sparse and volatile. This notion rests on the assumption that the failure to detect a change implies that representations of the changing objects are lost all together. However, recent evidence suggests that under change @entity1939 , object memory representations may be formed and stored, but not retrieved. This study investigated the fate of object memory representations when changes go unnoticed. @entity1 were presented with scenes consisting of real world objects, one of which changed on each trial, while recording event-related potentials (ERPs). @entity1 were first asked to localize where the change had occurred. In an additional recognition task, @entity1 then discriminated old objects, either from the pre-change or the post-change scene, from entirely new objects. Neural traces of object memories were studied by comparing ERPs for old and novel objects. @entity1 performed poorly in the detection task and often failed to recognize objects from the scene, especially pre-change objects. However, a robust old/novel effect was observed in the ERP, even when @entity1 were change blind and did not recognize the old object. This implicit memory trace was found both for pre-change and post-change objects. These findings suggest that object memories are stored even under change @entity1939 . Thus, visual representations may not be as sparse and volatile as previously thought. Rather, change @entity1939 may point to a failure to retrieve and use these representations for change detection.

title: The fate of object memory traces under change detection and change XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['blindness']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ) is very poor. Forty @entity1 with @entity1778 were enroled [28 @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), 12 @entity981 ( @entity981 )] in this Phase 1 dose-escalation trial of daily-infused @entity19859 (CLO) followed by @entity786 (CY) for four consecutive days (CLO-CYx4). The median age was 48  5 years. The median number of prior regimens was 2 (range 1-5), and 6/40 @entity1 (15%) had prior allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant. 28/40 @entity1 (70%) had adverse genetic features. 6/40 @entity1 (15%) died within 60 d of induction (two infections, four progressive disease). The average time to neutrophil recovery (absolute neutrophil count >= 0  5   10(9) /l was 34 d, (range, 17-78). The overall response rate (ORR) was 33% (13/40), with seven complete remissions (18%), four complete remissions with incomplete recovery of blood counts (10%), and two partial remissions (5%). ORR was 25% (7/28), and 50% (6/12), for @entity3052 and @entity981 respectively. Notably, the clinical responses were independent of dose level. 7/17 @entity1 (41%) exhibited CLO-mediated enhancement of CY-induced DNA, which was associated with, but not necessary for, improved clinical outcomes. In summary, the CLO-CYx4 regimen was well tolerated and had activity in @entity1 with @entity1778 , especially relapsed @entity981 . Therefore, CLO-CYx4 can be considered a salvage therapy for adults with RRALs, and warrants further investigations.

title: Phase 1 dose-escalation trial of @entity19859 followed by escalating dose of fractionated XXXX in adults with relapsed or refractory acute @entity1778 .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['RRAL', 'relapsed and refractory acute leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity19859 :: ('MESH:C068329', 'Chemical') :: ['clofarabine']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of gastrojejunal tube (GJT) feedings in @entity1 with @entity16 ( @entity16 ) on @entity354 ( @entity354 )- and/or dysfunctional swallowing-related visits and their associated costs. METHODS: The present study is a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 with @entity16 and @entity354 who underwent GJT placement at the study hospital from December 1999 to October 2006. Visits (emergency department, radiology, and hospitalizations) were reviewed from the time of birth until 1 year following GJT placement and classified as either not @entity354 and/or dysfunctional swallowing related or @entity354 and/or dysfunctional swallowing related (eg, @entity55 ). Incident rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated by dividing the post-GJT visit rate by the pre-GJT visit rate. Other outcomes included associated costs, fundoplications, and @entity204 . RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 met inclusion criteria. The @entity12623 for total visits was 1.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-2.81) and for @entity354 - and/or dysfunctional swallowing-related visits 2.88 (95% CI 1.68-4.94). Feeding tube-related visits ( @entity12623 5.36, 95% CI 2.73-10.51) accounted for the majority. @entity354 - and/or dysfunctional swallowing-related costs per @entity1 per year were low overall, with no difference from pre-GJT versus post-GJT placement ( 1851 vs  4601, P = 0.89). Seven (21%) @entity1 underwent Nissen fundoplication and 4 (12%) died within 1 year of GJT placement. Two @entity204 involved jejunal perforation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity16 and @entity354 who are treated with GJT feedings have significantly more @entity354 - and/or dysfunctional swallowing-related visits in the following year. The majority of these visits are because of the procedural complications, which are inexpensive. There is, however, mortality associated with the GJT and some @entity1 proceed to a fundoplication.

title: Effect of gastrojejunal feedings on visits and costs in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment', 'NI']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurologic impairment']


abstract: The conversion of @entity8534 ( @entity8534 ) into @entity1426 (AA) was compared in normal subjects and @entity6 @entity1 before and after treatment with @entity2690 . The kinetics of the incorporation of @entity6189 -labeled @entity8534 and its conversion product, @entity6189 -labeled AA, was determined in plasma @entity1674 , plasma phospholipids, and platelet lipids of subjects after ingestion of 2 g of the labeled precursor. Analysis was performed by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using multiple ion detection. In normal subjects, the @entity6189 -labeled @entity8534 concentration rose to 24 to 69 mg/L in plasma @entity1674 four to nine hours after ingestion and to 20 to 34 mg/L in plasma phospholipids about four hours later. @entity6189 -labeled AA appeared at 12 hours, rose to 2.4 to 3.8 mg/L between 48 and 72 hours in plasma phospholipids, but remained at the limit of detection in plasma @entity1674 and was undetectable in platelet lipids. In @entity6 @entity1 both before and after @entity2690 treatment, the @entity6189 -labeled @entity8534 concentration in plasma @entity1674 and in plasma phospholipids followed the same pattern as in normal subjects. However, the @entity6189 -labeled @entity1426 concentration was below 1 mg/L in plasma phospholipids before @entity2690 . After @entity2690 treatment the @entity1 recovered normal @entity8534 metabolism because @entity6189 -labeled AA rose in phospholipids to a mean value of 3.5 mg/L, which is in the same range as that observed in normal subjects (3.2 mg/L). The present data provide direct evidence for the conversion of @entity8534 into AA in @entity1 . The effect of @entity2690 and the data from the literature of animal studies suggest @entity2690 dependence of @entity27572 in @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Direct in vivo characterization of @entity27572 activity in @entity1 by @entity6189 labeling: effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['Deuterium', 'deuterium']

entities_list: @entity8534 :: ('MESH:D015126', 'Chemical') :: ['dihomogamma linolenic acid', 'DHLA']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the impact of treatments prescribed in usual practice to control @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of @entity1 with associated pathologies. METHODS: 1.434 @entity1 over 60 years with newly diagnosed @entity2182 and at least one associated pathology ( @entity272 , @entity25 , @entity308 , @entity101 ) were recruited in 300 urological/gynecological practices in Spain. During the first visit, socio-demographic and basic clinical information were registered and the therapeutic strategy for @entity2182 was prescribed following usual clinical practice The @entity1 filled out the HRQoL SF-12 questionnaire. On the second visit (4-6 months later) the HRQoL was re-evaluated. HRQoL was compared between sexes (Mann-Whitney) and between visits (Wilcoxon for related samples). @entity2357 models were performed in order to study the variables independently associated with HRQoL. RESULTS: Valid data is given for 1,274 @entity1 for visit 1 and 1,153 for visit 2. 71.51% of the sample were female. Mean age was 68.17 (6.19). A significant improvement in the HRQoL was found on the second visit. Factors independently associated with lower score in both summary index of SF-12: first visit, female gender and Charlson Index. Additional factors associated with reduction of the physical component score: age, all associated pathologies and treatment using vaginal pessaries. Additional factors associated with the mental component score: treatment for @entity308 , @entity25 , use of vesical reeducation and the modification of treatment using diuretics. CONCLUSIONS. The treatments prescribed in usual clinical practice to alleviate @entity2182 are effective in notably improving the HRQoL of @entity1 in general, both physically and mentally.

title: Impact of overactive bladder treatment on the quality of life of XXXX over 60 with associated pathologies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple regression']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['Overactive Bladder', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['urinary or genital-skin infections']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microglial cells play important roles in coordinating the inflammatory brain responses to @entity519 and @entity130 . Ionotropic P2X receptors and metabotropic P2Y receptors (P2YRs) expressed in microglia can be activated by extracellular @entity855 ( @entity855 ) derived from damaged cells or astrocytes, and participate in the signaling pathways evoked in brain insult. Although several inhaled and IV anesthetics produce neuroprotective effects through neuronal mechanisms, little is known about how general anesthetics modulate microglial responses in the pathological state. We examined the effects of various general anesthetics on purinergic responses in a @entity35 microglial cell line. METHODS: Currents were consistently activated by applications of @entity855 via a U-tube system under the whole-cell configuration. @entity855 -induced nondesensitizing currents observed after several applications of @entity855 exhibited characteristics of P2X7 receptors. The P2YRs-mediated mobilization of intracellular @entity141 was measured using a @entity141 -sensitive fluorescent dye ( @entity593 ). RESULTS: Inhaled anesthetics ( @entity2614 , @entity5161 , and @entity1508 ) at doses three times as high as minimum alveolar concentrations had no effect on the P2X7Rs-mediated currents. IV anesthetics ( @entity3652 , @entity1875 , and thiopental) enhanced the P2X7Rs-mediated currents reversibly. The potencies for activation of P2X7Rs were not correlated with the @entity10333 /buffer partition coefficients. Thiopental, at low concentrations, slightly inhibited the P2X7Rs-mediated currents, suggesting its dual actions on P2X7Rs. The P2YRs-mediated mobilization of intracellular @entity141 was not affected by any of the general anesthetics tested. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that IV anesthetics, particularly thiopental and @entity1875 , may modulate microglial functions through P2X7Rs in pathological conditions.

title: The effects of general anesthetics on P2X7 and P2Y receptors in a XXXX microglial cell line.

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: CONTEXT: Majority of the @entity1 developing @entity3883 have an underlying @entity5 . Identification of a benign pathology like heterotopic pancreas as an aetiology is uncommon and usually occurs only subsequent to a major operation. CASE REPORT: We report a case of heterotopic pancreas adjacent to the ampulla of Vater mimicking @entity201 . A 47-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity490 and @entity3883 . ERCP demonstrated a distal common bile duct stricture suspicious of @entity201 . He underwent a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Histology showed a nodule of heterotopic pancreatic tissue adjacent to the ampulla. CONCLUSION: We have reviewed the literature on heterotopic pancreas of the periampullary region presenting with @entity253 . This is a rare entity and remains difficult to diagnose, despite advances in radiological and endoscopic imaging techniques. For symptomatic @entity1 with an established diagnosis of periampullary heterotopic pancreas, local excision may be sufficient. However, in the absence of unequivocal imaging or histological confirmation of benign pathology, and when there is a suspicion of underlying @entity5 , pancreaticoduodenectomy may be the only treatment option, as in this case.

title: Heterotopic pancreas mimicking XXXX . Case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'distal cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3949 ( @entity3949 ) is one of the most important complications of @entity6 ; its early diagnosis and intervention can prevent foot ulcers and the need for amputation. Thermometry, measuring the temperature of the feet, is a promising emerging modality for @entity6 foot ulcer prevention. However, @entity1 compliance with at-home monitoring is concerning. Delivering messages to remind @entity1 to perform thermometry and foot care might be helpful to guarantee regular foot monitoring. This trial was designed to compare the incidence of @entity4760 ( @entity4760 ) between @entity1 who receive thermometry alone and those who receive thermometry as well as mHealth ( @entity87 and voice messaging) over a year-long study period. METHODS/DESIGN: This is an evaluator-blinded, randomized, 12-month trial. Individuals with a diagnosis of @entity6 , aged between 18-80 years, having a present dorsalis pedis pulse in both feet, are in risk group 2 or 3 using the @entity6 foot risk classification system (as specified by the International Working Group on the @entity6 ), have an operating cell phone or a caregiver with an operating cell phone, and have the ability to provide informed consent will be eligible to participate in the study. Recruitment will be performed in @entity6 outpatient clinics at two Ministry of Health tertiary hospitals in Lima, Peru. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 in both groups will receive education about foot care at the beginning of the study and they will be provided with a thermometry device (TempStat   ). TempStat    is a tool that captures a thermal image of the feet, which, depending on the temperature of the feet, shows different colors. In this study, if a @entity1 notes a single yellow image or variance between one foot and the contralateral foot, they will be prompted to notify a nurse to evaluate their activity within the previous 2  weeks and make appropriate recommendations. In addition to thermometry, @entity1 in the intervention arm will receive an mHealth component in the form of @entity87 and voice messages as reminders to use the thermometry device, and instructions to promote foot care. OUTCOMES: the primary outcome is foot ulceration, evaluated by a trained nurse, occurring at any point during the study. DISCUSSION: This study has two principal contributions towards the prevention of @entity32436 . First, the introduction of messages to promote self-management of @entity6 foot care as well as using reminders as a strategy to improve adherence to daily home-based measurements. Secondly, the implementation of a thermometry-based strategy complemented by @entity87 and voice messages in an LMIC setting, with wider implications for scalability. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov: Identifier NCT02373592 .

title: Implementation of foot thermometry plus mHealth to prevent XXXX : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetic Foot', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic foot neuropathy', 'DFN']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers', 'DFUs']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']