abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is a potentially curative approach for @entity298 of colonic origin. So far experience concerning the use of this treatment option in transplant recipients is lacking. CASE REPORT: We herein present the case of a 31-year-old @entity1 who had previously been liver transplanted for @entity991 . Approximately 10 years after transplantation @entity694 with co-existing @entity298 was diagnosed. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy were conducted. Operative management under @entity1140 medication did not trigger infections, wound @entity74 or graft function impairment. At one year follow-up no @entity5 recurrence was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Recent literature suggests that proctocolectomy for @entity14 is considered feasible in liver graft recipients. Virtually all @entity1 suffering from @entity991 exhibit co-existing @entity31 , rendering this subset of @entity1 at risk for developing @entity694 . Furthermore chronic immunosuppression may facilitate malignant growth. The most feared complication in @entity14 is the occurence of @entity298 , for which cytoreduction plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy may be a curative option. This, so far unique, case report suggests that even in this @entity1 subset this treatment is feasible and for further cases this dual-approach for the management of PC in transplant recipients should be taken into account.

title: Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for XXXX in a liver graft recipient: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['healing disorders']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic malignancies', 'colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: Beneficial effects of @entity1160 on wound healing are well known. Parenchymal injuries in the lung cause air leakage that resolves with wound healing. We aimed to determine the effect of @entity1160 on the healing of @entity651 . @entity35 albino female @entity35 were randomized in three groups. One group (control, n = 7) received intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% @entity2827 (1.5 ml /day), while other group ( @entity7647 , n = 7) received @entity1160 (1.5 g/kg/day), beginning two days prior to the operation for total four days. After thoracotomy, a lung parenchymal lesion was made with a scalpel in the right upper lobe. Only thoracotomy was performed to sham group (n = 4). Air leakage was observed in the isolated lungs of control group, but not @entity7647 and sham groups, at 5 cm @entity2507 of positive airway pressure (p < 0.001). The threshold of positive airway pressure for air leakage was 4.85 +/- 0.37 and 19.42 +/- 4.54 cm @entity2507 for control and @entity7647 groups, respectively (p < 0.001). For measurement of collagen content in the healing parenchyma, digital images were processed to calculate the stained area percentage (SAP). SAP for immature collagen, a marker for wound healing, was 0.36 +/- 0.18% and 1.48 +/- 0.83% (p = 0.02) in control and @entity7647 groups, respectively, but no significant difference was noted in SAP for mature collagen. The grade of @entity32 was not significantly different between control and @entity7647 groups. We conclude that @entity1160 enhances lung parenchymal healing by increasing immature collagen secretion.

title: @entity1160 administration enhances the healing of lung parenchymal injuries and reduces air leakage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injuries']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Appropriate use of drugs to prevent @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) involves comparing the @entity1 's risk of @entity64 and risk of @entity548 . This review summarizes the evidence regarding the efficacy of these medications. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of drugs used to prevent @entity1031 in adults with nonpostoperative @entity955 . Articles were identified through the Cochrane Collaboration's CENTRAL database and MEDLINE until May 1998. MAIN RESULTS: Eleven articles met criteria for inclusion in this review. @entity1229 was more efficacious than placebo for primary @entity64 prevention (aggregate odds ratio [OR] of @entity64 = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19, 0.48), with moderate evidence of more @entity548 (OR 1.90; 95% CI 0.89, 4.04). @entity117 was inconclusively more efficacious than placebo for @entity64 prevention (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.19, 1.65), with inconclusive evidence regarding more @entity548 (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.37, 1.77). For primary prevention, assuming a baseline risk of 45 @entity64 per 1,000 @entity1 -years, @entity1229 could prevent 30 @entity64 at the expense of only 6 additional @entity548 . @entity117 could prevent 17 @entity64 , without increasing @entity548 . In direct comparison, there was evidence suggesting fewer @entity64 among @entity1 on @entity1229 than among @entity1 on @entity117 (aggregate OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43, 0.96), with only suggestive evidence for more @entity548 (OR 1.60, 95% CI 0.77,3.35). However, in younger @entity1 , with a mean age of 65 years, the absolute reduction in @entity64 rate with @entity1229 compared with @entity117 was low (5.5 per 1,000 @entity1 -years) compared with an older group (15 per 1,000 @entity1 -years). CONCLUSION: In general, the evidence strongly supports @entity1229 for @entity1 with @entity955 at average or greater risk of @entity64 . @entity117 may prove to be useful in subgroups with a low risk of @entity64 , although this is not definitively supported by the evidence.

title: Prevention of XXXX in @entity955 . A meta-analysis of trials of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['major bleeds', 'hemorrhage', 'major bleeding', 'major hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate treatment of @entity1 with primary @entity96 . DESIGN: Prospective protocol including subsets of randomised studies. SETTING: University hospital, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 123 @entity1 with primary @entity96 . INTERVENTIONS: 64 @entity1 underwent hepatic resection, 25 were included in a trial of adjuvant chemotherapy. 24 further @entity1 whose @entity5 were not resectable were included in a trial of intra-arterial infusion of @entity632 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival and postoperative morbidity. RESULTS: The median survival time for @entity1 who had had resections was 11 months (range 0-111). Twelve per cent survived more than 5 years. No prognostic factor had any significant effect on outcome. The postoperative mortality was 11% (7/64). The @entity1 allocated to adjuvant chemotherapy survived a median of 10 months (range 1-47) and the controls 29 months (range 8-111) (p=0.04). @entity1 with unresectable @entity96 treated with intra-arterial @entity632 lived no longer than untreated controls (median 8 months (range 1-56) compared with 7 months (range 1-28)). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity1 with primary @entity96 is still an unsolved problem. Adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity632 had no beneficial effect on survival.

title: Treatment of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: @entity1771 is a novel anticonvulsant agent with a broad spectrum mechanism of action, and recent clinical reports indicate that it may have mood stabilizing properties in @entity162 . Therefore, we treated a 41-year-old @entity1 who had 12 previous hospitalizations for acute @entity162 during a 10-year history of @entity162 with this compound. Since 1991, the @entity1 had been treated with @entity2049 , @entity1092 and @entity2812 with limited success. At the beginning of a new @entity162 , @entity1771 was started in the outpatient clinic. Eight weeks after initiation of treatment, the @entity1 was hospitalized. This inpatient treatment lasted less than 3 weeks. Subsequently, the @entity1 has not been hospitalized again. @entity1771 was well tolerated. Even though, during subsequent @entity1771 treatment, a serious life event (suicide attempt of brother) induced re-occurence of the @entity1 's psychopathology, which did not require hospitalization. Fortunately, inpatient treatment was not necessary due to an increase of @entity1771 dosage and addition of @entity1090 and @entity2053 . The @entity1 , now on 200 mg/day, is mostly asymptomatic and has functioned well for over 17 months, in contrast to 13 hospitalizations during the previous 10 years.

title: XXXX as a mood stabilizer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar I disorder', 'manic episode', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate', 'Topiramate']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1771 :: (MESH:C052342,Chemical) :: ['Topiramate']


abstract: Well disinfection is generally recommended as an emergency response measure during @entity3081 outbreaks. However few studies have been carried out to document chlorination techniques, prove the efficacy of chlorination, or determine how often disinfection should be performed. The purpose of this study was to test a handmade device for continuous chlorination, to measure the initial concentration of free residual @entity3878 , and monitor @entity3878 concentration to determine when renewal is necessary. Eighteen wells in 2 neighbors of Douala, Cameroon, i.e., 9 wells/neighborhood, were tested. Testing included daily measurement of water volume, pH, and residual @entity3878 for a period of two weeks after installing the handmade device composed of river sand and @entity9784 in a pre-perforated plastic bag that was renewed after disappearance of free residual @entity3878 . The maximum concentration of residual @entity3878 was reached after 1 day in 31 out of 36 chlorinations or 2 days in 5 out of 36. On day 4 the @entity3878 level was less than 0.2 mg/l in half of the wells. The @entity3878 concentration was higher in family than community wells. Notwithstanding feasibility and acceptability issues, the device allowed chlorination at effective nontoxic levels for 3 days. These findings open the possibility of developing devices allowing longer diffusion at lower cost for use within the framework of integrated @entity3081 epidemic control programs.

title: [Handmade devices for continuous delivery of XXXX for well disinfection during the @entity3081 outbreak in Douala, Cameroon (2004)].

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochlorite']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

answer: @entity9784 :: (MESH:D006997,Chemical) :: ['hypochlorite']


abstract: In addition to inducing @entity977 in @entity35 , @entity172 (E2) markedly increases galanin and @entity3695 gene expression. We previously showed that galanin secretion from pituitary cells in vitro is inhibited by @entity935 and @entity1943 and stimulated by @entity1218 . The objectives of these in vivo studies were to assess whether the long-acting @entity1943 analog SMS 201-995 alters 1) immunoreactive galanin or @entity3695 levels in the anterior pituitary, neurointermediate lobe, hypothalamus, or plasma, 2) pituitary galanin and @entity3695 mRNA levels, and 3) the development of E2-induced @entity977 . Ovariectomized Fischer 344 @entity35 were implanted with E2-filled or empty Silastic capsules and treated with or without SMS 201-995 (1.5 mg) via Alzet miniosmotic pumps. Two or 6 weeks later, immunoreactive galanin and @entity3695 levels were determined by RIA. In ovariectomized @entity35 , the @entity1943 analog lowered the anterior pituitary content of galanin by 50%, but had no effect on @entity3695 concentrations. E2 increased galanin and @entity3695 levels in the anterior pituitary by 220- and 4-fold, respectively. Concomitant E2 and @entity2390 treatment further increased galanin and @entity3695 in the anterior pituitary by 60-80%, but decreased plasma galanin and @entity3695 levels. Likewise, the administration of SMS 201-995 for 2 and 6 weeks inhibited the E2-induced growth of the anterior pituitary. Galanin and @entity3695 mRNA levels were quantified by solution hybridization. Galanin mRNA levels were reduced to undetectable levels in ovariectomized @entity35 treated with SMS 201-995. Furthermore, a 10-fold increase in galanin mRNA levels seen in the presence of E2 was inhibited 80% by SMS 201-995. @entity3695 mRNA levels in E2-treated @entity35 were unchanged by SMS 201-995. We conclude that SMS 201-995 1) lowers plasma galanin and @entity3695 levels in E2-treated @entity35 , 2) elevates the anterior pituitary contents of galanin and @entity3695 in E2-exposed @entity35 , probably through decreased secretion of the hormones, and 3) reduces galanin mRNA levels in E2-treated and untreated ovariectomized @entity35 . Overall, these results establish the differential regulation of galanin and @entity3695 gene expression in vivo by SMS 201-995. Moreover, the data demonstrate that @entity1943 receptor agonists may have therapeutic potential for some @entity2013 .

title: Regulation of galanin gene expression in the @entity35 anterior pituitary gland by the XXXX analog SMS 201-995.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: We have studied the spatial distribution and temporal pattern of expression of @entity10862 ( @entity10862 ) activity present in the @entity35 adrenal gland. Tissue extracts of the densely innervated medulla and sparsely innervated cortex from adult and various developmental stages were assayed for their ability to promote the in vitro survival of embryonic @entity1573 ciliary (CG), dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and ventral spinal cord (SC) neurons. @entity10862 activity was found in medulla but not in cortex extracts. @entity10862 activity became first detectable at postnatal day (P) 12. At this developmental stage the cholinergic adrenomedullary innervation becomes functional. Specific activity successively increased in medulla extracts from @entity11754 to P30 as revealed by the CG-assay. No further changes occurred during adulthood. In contrast, activity addressing SC neurons present in @entity11754 and P30 medulla extracts could not be detected in adult stages P90 or P120. In DRG-assays, @entity10862 activity could not be blocked by the addition of anti-NGF antibodies to medulla extracts. The activity was sensitive to heat and protease treatment suggesting its proteinaceous nature. At high concentrations cortex extracts had @entity2359 effects that were also seen when 10 microM of @entity619 were added to saturated amounts of medulla extract. However, gel filtration of cortex material to remove low molecular components including corticosteroid hormones failed to reveal any @entity10862 activity in these preparations. Adrenal @entity10862 activity therefore appears to be restricted to the densely innervated medullary tissue. Moreover, our results also suggest a distinct temporal pattern of @entity10862 activity in the adrenal gland.

title: Spatial and temporal patterns of neurotrophic activities in XXXX adrenal medulla and cortex.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity101 clusters in families. However, no nationwide study has investigated the family history as a predictor of hospitalization for @entity101 , which was the purpose of this study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study is a nationwide follow-up study. Swedish Multigeneration Register data for individuals aged 0-76 years were linked to Hospital Discharge Register data for 1964-2008. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for individuals whose relatives were hospitalized with a main diagnosis of @entity101 compared with those whose relatives were not. RESULTS: The total number of @entity1 hospitalized with @entity101 was 37,686. The familial SIR was 2.18 for individuals with one affected sibling, 44.83 for individuals with two affected siblings and 57.18 for individuals with three or more affected siblings. The SIR was 1.95 for parents with one affected @entity1 , 3.73 for parents with two affected @entity1 and 9.22 for parents with three or more affected @entity1 . The familial SIR among offspring was 1.84 for those with one affected parent and 3.62 for those with two affected parents. The familial risk for hospitalization with @entity101 among offspring aged less than 30 years was 2.50 and 1.57 in those aged more than 60 years. @entity4310 were similar for @entity1 and @entity1 . Spouses had low overall familial risks (SIR=1.2). CONCLUSION: Hospitalization for @entity101 clusters in families. Very high risks were observed in families with multiple affected siblings, though the parent-offspring transmission was lower, suggesting the segregation of recessive or interacting susceptibility genes. The low familial risk in spouses suggests a minor nongenetic contribution.

title: Family history as a predictor of hospitalization for XXXX in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['Familial risks']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The effects of three @entity2661 , @entity935 , @entity1425 , and @entity452 , on the systemic circulation, especially on systemic vascular capacitance, were studied using cardiopulmonary bypass in @entity235 anesthetized with @entity4485 . Venous outflow was divided into three compartments: splanchnic, renal, and other; changes in systemic blood volume (SBV) were calculated from the changes in total venous outflow. To examine the contribution of sympathetic discharge to these vascular responses, sympathetic efferent nerve activity (SENA) from the ventral ansa subclavian nerve was recorded simultaneously. Experiments were done under three conditions: control, after baroreceptor deafferentation, and after @entity4033 injection with low and high doses of each @entity2922 . During control and after baroreceptor deafferentation, @entity935 - and @entity1425 -induced changes in SBV were less than those after @entity4033 , and not significant except with low dose @entity1425 . After @entity4033 , @entity935 (200 micrograms/kg), @entity1425 (10 micrograms/kg), and @entity452 (100 micrograms/kg) reduced SBV by 10.6 +/- 3.4, 13.1 +/- 1.7, and 1.9 +/- 0.3 mL/kg, respectively. Splanchnic outflow increased significantly with @entity935 and @entity1425 after @entity4033 . High dose @entity935 and @entity1425 significantly suppressed SENA to 38 +/- 9 and 15 +/- 6% of baseline, respectively. Low dose @entity935 decreased arterial pressure and SENA. This suppression in SENA was attenuated but still observed after baroreceptor deafferentation. @entity452 reduced SBV, but had no effect on SENA. These results suggest that @entity935 and @entity1425 primarily decrease SBV by venoconstriction in the splanchnic region, however, these effects are greatly modified by basal sympathetic discharge and changes in SENA and vascular tone.

title: @entity2922 -induced changes in vascular capacitance and sympathetic nerve activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Granule cell (GC) neurogenesis @entity410 , and some newborn GCs develop in abnormal locations within the hilus. These ectopic GCs (EGCs) display robust spontaneous and evoked excitatory activity. However, the pattern of afferent input they receive has not been fully defined. This study used electron microscopic immunolabeling to quantitatively evaluate @entity28802 ( @entity28802 ) input to EGCs since MFs densely innervate the hilus normally and undergo sprouting in many animal models of @entity302 . EGC dendrites were examined in tissue from @entity302 @entity35 that had initially been treated with @entity2134 to induce @entity159 and subsequently had spontaneous @entity410 . @entity28802 terminals were labeled with a @entity219 transporter-3 antibody, and calbindin immunoreactivity was used to label hilar EGCs and GC layer GCs. The pattern of input provided by sprouted @entity28802 terminals to EGC dendrites was then compared to the pattern of @entity28802 input to GC dendrites in the inner molecular layer (IML), where most sprouted fibers are thought to project. Analysis of EGC dendrites demonstrated that @entity28802 terminals represented their predominant source of afferent input: they comprised 63% of all terminals and, on average, occupied 40% and 29% of the dendritic surface in the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus, respectively, forming frequent synapses. These measures of connectivity were significantly greater than comparable values for @entity28802 innervation of GC dendrites located in the IML of the same tissue sections. Thus, EGCs develop a pattern of synaptic connections that could help explain their previously identified predisposition to discharge in @entity302 and suggest that they play an important role in the generation of @entity410 activity in the dentate gyrus.

title: Mossy fibers are the primary source of afferent input to ectopic granule cells that are born after XXXX -induced @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'increases following seizures']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'epileptiform bursts']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity2134 :: (MESH:D010862,Chemical) :: ['pilocarpine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity28004 of the rete testis (CDRT) is a rare cause of @entity4 during infancy. It is a benign lesion that is often associated with @entity8 . Leissring and Oppenheimer described it for the first time in 1973. CASE REPORTS: Since 2006, three neonates were referred to our pediatric surgery department because of a @entity4 related to intra-testicular cysts. Physical examination showed enlarged testicles without @entity158 or @entity32 . The @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) showed enlarged testicles related to multiple small cysts surrounded by normal parenchyma, and no other @entity1494 . As CDRT was suspected, a conservative strategy was proposed with repeated clinical examinations and @entity4653 . The cysts gradually regressed and disappeared in all cases, with a mean follow-up of 52 months. DISCUSSION: As reported by Jeyaratnam et  al., mean age at presentation was around 6 years. The most frequently associated @entity1494 were @entity8 and @entity15740 of the kidney. Differential diagnosis of CDRT included single testicular cyst, @entity4890 , @entity45 , @entity44 , @entity3609 , @entity722 , cystic transformation after @entity11570 , or @entity4115 . Ultrasonography was the method of choice for the diagnosis of CDRT and its follow-up. The @entity4653 showed multiple small cysts with normal, but compressed, surrounding @entity10523 . A high-frequency transducer was mandatory to exclude other causes of @entity4 . With the involution of the cysts, the aspect of the parenchyma could be slightly heterogeneous or confused with @entity31316 . Historically, orchidectomy was the proposed treatment. However, because of a more precise diagnosis with @entity4653 , a conservative approach has been proposed. Nonetheless, recurrence after sparing surgery was frequent, as reported by many authors. Non-surgical management was reported in selected cases, sometimes after a surgical biopsy to confirm a benign lesion. Spontaneous regression of CDRT without any sequelae has been reported in six cases (see Summary Table) but long-term follow-up in the adult population has never been published. Limitations of the present series were related to the small number of cases, the absence of follow-up beyond puberty, and the absence of biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of CDRT. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous regression of CDRT was possible, and  conservative attitude was an option, as CDRT is a benign lesion. Careful and prolonged 'watch and wait' management was a safe alternative to  surgery, but other causes of @entity4 must be excluded, possibly with a testicular biopsy.

title: Spontaneous regression of suspected XXXX of the rete testis in three neonates.

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['testicular parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal agenesis', 'ipsilateral renal, ureteral or genital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['testicular juvenile granulosa cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['spermatic cord torsion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal swelling']

entities_list: @entity15740 :: ('MESH:D021782', 'Disease') :: ['multicystic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity28004 :: ('MESH:C537755', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['albugina cyst']

entities_list: @entity31316 :: ('MESH:C566478', 'Disease') :: ['microlithiasis']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['USS', 'ultrasound scan']

answer: @entity28004 :: (MESH:C537755,Disease) :: ['cystic dysplasia']


abstract: Partial @entity4610 due to @entity2895 with an intact pupil is a frequent cause of diploplia observed in @entity6 @entity1 . Pupillary muscle involvement, such as anisocoria and loss of light reflex, is usually uncommon in this @entity6 . A 65-year-old @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) suddenly developed a severe @entity10 and diplopla. Right @entity2895 was observed in association with anisocoria, @entity1736 of the right lid, and a defective light reflex. No exophthalmos or vascular bruit was observed in the right orbital region. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance images of the head were negative. Cerebral angiography revealed a @entity13669 ( @entity13669 ). The @entity1 was successfully treated with external carotid artery embolization combined with radiation. It is well known that pupil sparing in @entity2895 predicts an extraaxial @entity2806 , while pupil involvement predicts an extraaxial compression lesion. Therefore, pupillary involvement in @entity2895 in @entity6 @entity1 necessitates cerebrovascular investigation to rule out ICPC @entity439 or @entity5 . In this circumstance, a variant type of @entity13669 without characteristic ocular signs should be included in the differential diagnosis.

title: [A case of @entity2175 associated with XXXX due to atypical @entity13669 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus', 'NIDDM']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic cranial mononeuropathy', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor nerve palsy', 'third nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity13669 :: ('MESH:D020216', 'Disease') :: ['CCF', 'carotid cavernous sinus fistula']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2895 :: (MESH:D015840,Disease) :: ['oculomotor palsy']


abstract: @entity882 ( @entity882 ) is occasionally encountered in cardiac surgery. The objective of this study is to identify possible factors predisposing @entity1 to heparin resistance. Four hundred @entity1 scheduled for elective cardiac surgery requiring the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were enrolled in this study. Data collection included: demographic data, types of preoperative anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy, preoperative haematological and biochemical laboratory results, medical condition, baseline activated clotting time (ACT) and infusion volume prior to heparinisation. @entity1 who require 5 mg/kg or more to achieve ACT greater than 400 seconds before CPB were considered to be heparin resistant. All data was tested with a preliminary univariate analysis and factors associated with @entity882 (p value <0.05) were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Factors associated with @entity882 with a p value <0.05 are considered predictors for @entity882 . Thirty-two (8.0%) of the 400 @entity1 fulfilled the criteria for @entity882 . Preoperative heparin (p =0.025), low molecular weight heparin (p =0.049), plateletcount > or = 300,000/ml (p =0.022) and albumin plasma concentration < or = 35 g/dl 0, =0.044) are significantly associated with @entity882 . @entity882 @entity1 also tend to require more volume replacement prior to CPB to maintain haemodynamic stability p=0.007).

title: A statistical analysis of factors predisposing XXXX to heparin resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Heparin resistance', 'HR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Both @entity1205 and @entity900 have moderate activity in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . We performed a multicenter phase II study in order to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of the combination of these two agents in @entity1 with advanced @entity189 of the urothelium. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 not amenable to curative surgery or irradiation were enrolled onto this cooperative group study and treated on an outpatient basis with @entity1205 75 mg/m2 followed by @entity900 75 mg/m2, both administered intravenously. @entity1261 was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 5 micrograms/kg daily from day 5 until resolution of @entity1398 . The chemotherapy was administered every three weeks for a maximum of six courses in @entity1 without evidence of progressive disease. RESULTS: Thirty-four of sixty-six @entity1 (52%, 95% confidence interval 40%-64%) demonstrated objective responses, with eight achieving clinical complete responses and twenty-six partial responses. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the @entity1 most likely to respond were those without lung metastasis and without @entity353 before treatment. The median duration of response was 6.1 months and the median times to progression and survival for all @entity1 were 5 and 8 months, respectively. Absence of @entity417 , of liver metastases and of @entity353 correlated with longer survival. Grade > or = 3 @entity137 included @entity3028 in 33% of @entity1 , @entity417 in 14%, @entity294 in 13% and emesis in 7% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1205 and @entity900 appeared relatively well tolerated and moderately active in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . The @entity1 most likely to benefit were those without @entity353 and without lung or liver metastases.

title: XXXX and @entity900 combination chemotherapy in advanced @entity189 of the urothelium: a multicenter phase II study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: @entity20649 is a GH-releasing peptide mainly excreted from the stomach. @entity20649 administration has been shown to inhibit cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA), reduce malignant @entity943 , and improve prognosis after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). We therefore investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of the action of endogenous @entity20649 on survival rate and CSNA after @entity583 by using @entity20649 -knockout (KO) @entity19 . @entity583 was induced by left coronary artery ligation in 46 KO @entity19 and 41 wild-type @entity19 . On the first day, malignant @entity943 -induced mortality was observed within 30 min of the ligation and had an incidence of 2.4% in wild-type and 17.4% in KO @entity19 (P < 0.05). We next evaluated CSNA by spectral analysis of heart rate variability. CSNA, represented by the low frequency/high frequency ratio, was higher in KO @entity19 at baseline (2.18    0.43 vs. 0.98    0.09; P < 0.05), and especially after @entity583 (25.5    11.8 vs. 1.4    0.3; P < 0.05), than in wild-type @entity19 . @entity20649 (150  g/kg, s.c.) 15 min before ligation suppressed the activation of CSNA and reduced mortality in KO @entity19 . Further, this effect of @entity20649 was inhibited by @entity9966 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or by perineural treatment of both cervical vagal trunks with @entity2951 (a specific afferent neurotoxin). Our data demonstrated that both exogenous and endogenous @entity20649 suppressed CSNA, prevented the incidence of malignant @entity943 , and improved the prognosis after @entity583 . These effects are likely to be via the vagal afferent nerves.

title: XXXX prevents incidence of malignant @entity943 after @entity583 through vagal afferent nerves.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'MI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity9966 :: ('MESH:C006649', 'Chemical') :: ['methylatropine bromide']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity20649 :: (58991(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Ghrelin']


abstract: Different mutant @entity1522 in the Ras proteins lead to distinct transforming capacities and different @entity146 in @entity1 @entity5 . @entity984 Asp12 ( @entity50052 ) is more prevalent in benign than in malignant @entity1 @entity14 , whereas @entity984 Val12 ( @entity50053 ) associates with more advanced and metastatic @entity189 , higher recurrence and decreased survival. Here, we tested, in a nude @entity19 xenograft model, whether different @entity1 @entity984 oncogenes mutated at codon 12 to @entity2596 , @entity2574 or @entity2569 would confer NIH3T3 fibroblasts distinct oncogenic phenotypes. We studied @entity5 histology and growth, apoptotic and mitotic rates, activation of signal transduction pathways downstream of Ras and regulation of the cell cycle and apoptotic proteins in @entity5 derived from the implanted transformants. We found that the @entity50053 oncogene induces a more @entity146 tumorigenic phenotype than the @entity50052 oncogene, whereas K12C does not induce @entity5 in this model. Thus, @entity50053 mutant @entity5 proliferate about seven times faster, and have higher cellularity and mitotic rates than the @entity50052 mutant @entity5 . A molecular analysis of the induced @entity5 shows that the @entity50053 mutant protein interacts with @entity10242 and transduces signals mainly through the @entity3963 pathway. Unexpectedly, in @entity5 induced by the @entity50052 oncogene, the @entity984 mutant protein does not interact with @entity10242 nor activates the @entity3963 canonical pathway. Instead, it transduces signals through the PI3K/ @entity584 , JNK, @entity1435 and @entity3818 pathways. Finally, the higher growth rate of the @entity50053 @entity5 associates with enhanced Rb phosphorylation, and @entity1364 and cyclin B upregulation, consistent with faster G1/S and G2/M transitions, without alteration of apoptotic regulation.

title: @entity984 XXXX 12 mutant neither interacts with Raf, nor signals through @entity3963 and is less tumorigenic than @entity984 Val12.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity50053 :: ('p|SUB|K|12|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K12V']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive', 'aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity50052 :: ('p|SUB|K|12|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K12D']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity2574 :: (CHEBI:22660,Chemical) :: ['Asp']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (rhGH) has been widely used in clinical medicine; while for the @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ), if rhGH could cause @entity5 growth, @entity3 or recurrence other than improve @entity1 ' body condition is uncertain. Because most primary @entity96 could express @entity1 @entity9045 ( @entity9045 ), this study was to explore the effects of rhGH on the growth of @entity1 @entity96 (with @entity9045 expression) xenograft in @entity19 . METHODS: The expression of @entity9045 was confirmed in Bel-7402 cells by radioligand assay. After transplantation of @entity96 in liver, 32 @entity19 were randomly divided into 4 groups. Except 1 control group, 3 experimental groups were injected with different dosages of rhGH [0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 U . (kg.day)(-1), respectively] subcutaneously 2 weeks after @entity5 transplantation, once a day for 2 weeks. All @entity19 were killed at the end of the experiment to observe the growth of xenografts. The expression of @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) in xenografts was examined by immunochemistry. RESULTS: The @entity5 weight was significantly heavier and the @entity5 volume was significantly larger in 1.0 U . (kg.day)(-1) rhGH and 2.0 U . (kg.day)(-1) rhGH groups than in control group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between 0.5 U . (kg.day)(-1) rhGH group and control group (P>0.05). @entity894 ( @entity894 ) of @entity1364 was significantly higher in each experimental group than in control group (P<0.05), and significant differences were also found among the 3 experimental groups (P<0.05). The dosage of rhGH was positively correlated to @entity894 of @entity1364 in @entity5 tissues (r=0.779, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: rhGH could enhance the growth of @entity96 xenografts in @entity19 . Its effect positively correlates with rhGH dosage.

title: [Effect of recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 on growth of @entity1 XXXX xenografts in @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['Labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Bel-7402 hepatic carcinoma', 'hepatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9045 :: ('2690', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone receptor', 'GHR']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['Bel-7402 hepatic carcinoma']


abstract: The hypothesis that dietary @entity460 alters the incidence of @entity14 was examined in an established model of @entity105 . Male Fischer 344 @entity35 (28 days old) were quarantined for 2 weeks. All animals were fed the basal diet (AIN-76) supplemented with @entity6742 (0.2%) and/or @entity460 (1.6%, corresponding to a 3-fold increase above that of the basal diet). @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ) (2 mg/dose) or saline (control) was given intrarectally to all animals on days 1 and 4 of the experiment. Groups 1-8 were fed the experimental diets concurrently with the first dose of @entity7045 , while groups 9 and 10 were fed the diets 2 weeks prior to @entity7045 (or saline). All animals were sacrificed after 28 weeks. No @entity5 were observed in the groups given saline (groups 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9). In groups receiving @entity7045 , the addition of @entity6742 to the diet (group 4) caused a significant increase in @entity5 (80% versus 55%), @entity5 /animal ratio (2.24 versus 0.75), and @entity5 / @entity5 -bearing animal ratio (2.80 versus 1.36), group 4 versus group 2, respectively. Increased dietary @entity460 did not inhibit @entity5 formation; 68% of animals in groups 6 and 10 had @entity5 . The combination of dietary @entity6742 and @entity460 (group 8) gave a @entity5 incidence similar to @entity6742 (group 4) alone (72% versus 80%, 2.00 versus 2.24 @entity5 /animal; 2.77 versus 2.80 @entity5 / @entity5 -bearing animal). Most @entity5 were @entity6523 in situ and invasive @entity189 were also present; dietary @entity460 reduced the number of invasive @entity189 (group 6 versus group 2, P less than 0.04).

title: Effects of XXXX and bile acid feeding on colon tumors in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6742 :: ('MESH:D019826', 'Chemical') :: ['cholic acid']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps but carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity1 @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) is a malignancy of B-1 cells characterized by the accumulation of mature appearing, long lived, slow growing B-1 cells in peripheral blood. @entity1072 occasionally evolves into an aggressive @entity706 termed @entity6492 . NZB @entity19 can be used to model the early stage of @entity1072 because aged NZB @entity19 can spontaneously develop slow growing malignant B-1 cell clones. The malignant NZB B-1 clones fail to grow in culture and are typically carried in vivo as passaged lines. During serial passage, an @entity146 developed as a result of a continued transformation of the original B-1 clone, similar to the development of @entity6492 . An in vitro cell line was established from the @entity146 , which was stromal dependent and could rapidly metastasize when passaged into recipient animals. Analysis of adhesion molecules did not reveal any consistent characteristics that could account for the metastatic potential of the Richter's-like cells. In addition, the aggressive in vitro line had the identical heavy chain sequence as the slow growing NZB malignant B-1 clones. The in vitro and in vivo aggressive B-1 cells had very high levels of @entity1618 message, and underwent more apoptosis in response to anti-IgM than did nonaggressive B-1 clones. Taking these characteristics together, we have composed a @entity3628 for @entity1 @entity1072 that includes both the aged NZB @entity19 for the early stage and the recipients of the in vitro B-1 line for the late stage or @entity6492 . This model system can be used to study, not only the ontogeny and genetic linkage of @entity1072 , but also the regulatory factors involved in transformation and growth both in vivo and in vitro.

title: A cultured malignant B-1 line serves as a model for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['comprehensive animal model system']

entities_list: @entity6492 :: ('MESH:C537025', 'Disease') :: ["Richter's syndrome"]

answer: @entity6492 :: (MESH:C537025,Disease) :: ['Richter's syndrome']


abstract: Influence of luminal @entity141 on the integrity of normal mucosa and recovery of damaged mucosa in anesthetized @entity35 stomachs was studied using a perfusion system. Changes in the mucosal integrity were monitored by measuring transmucosal @entity841 ( @entity841 ) and luminal pH. @entity1098 , a @entity141 chelator, dose-dependently reduced @entity841 and increased luminal pH. Five mM @entity141 ( @entity3282 ) alone produced no changes in either @entity8487 , but the @entity841 which was reduced by 250 mM @entity1098 was significantly recovered. @entity1068 or @entity1219 concentration-dependently reduced @entity841 , but gradually reverted to baseline levels. While 5 mM @entity141 or 5 mM @entity1098 did not influence the reduction in @entity841 with 50% @entity1068 and 1 M @entity1219 , these agents either enhanced or delayed the recovery processes in reduced @entity841 , respectively. Five mM @entity141 enhanced the recovery of @entity841 which was reduced by 50% @entity1068 plus 5 mM @entity1098 . @entity1819 induced by 50% @entity1068 plus 5 mM @entity1098 was much more severe than that induced by 50% @entity1068 alone or 50% @entity1068 plus 5 mM @entity141 . Both 50% @entity1068 and 1 M @entity1219 significantly increased @entity141 contents in the gastric lumen. Luminal @entity141 appears to play an important role in maintaining mucosal integrity, under normal physiological conditions, and in accelerating the recovery process of damaged mucosa in @entity35 stomachs.

title: Role of luminal @entity141 on normal and damaged gastric mucosa in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8487 :: ('MESH:D010677', 'Disease') :: ['PD and luminal pH']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric damage']

entities_list: @entity841 :: ('MESH:C537245', 'Disease') :: ['potential difference', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In an epidemiologic study of 219 Swedish females with @entity320 , the authors previously established the incidence of this disease as 0.19 per 100,000 @entity1 , with a 3% annual decrease from 1960 to 1984 and a 5-year relative survival rate of 47%. After reviewing the medical histories of all of the 219 @entity1 , the authors documented their precise clinical and histopathologic features, which, along with treatment, are assessed herein as predictors of survival. METHODS: Of 219 consecutive cases of @entity320 collected from the Swedish National Cancer Registry, 21 were excluded because of inadequate data. Clinical and histopathologic materials from the remaining 198 cases were then reexamined. With a clinical three-stage system, lesion types and treatment modalities were assessed as survival factors in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, significant predictors of survival for @entity1 at Stage I were @entity5 thickness, @entity1066 , number of mitoses, macroscopic amelanosis, preexisting nevi, extent of @entity5 invasion (lateral labia majora), and @entity1 age. The mode of treatment was not significant. In multivariate analysis, staging (Stage I vs. II and III) and @entity5 thickness were independent predictors of survival. For Stage I only, @entity5 thickness, @entity1066 , and clinical amelanosis independently predicted survival time. CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, this is the largest series of @entity1 with @entity320 ever reviewed, and an ethnically homogeneous and nationwide female population is represented. In this series, clinical stage, macroscopic amelanosis, and @entity5 characteristics such as @entity5 thickness and @entity1066 , rather than treatment mode, were the best factors for predicting the outcome of these @entity1 .

title: XXXX in a nationwide, 25-year study of 219 Swedish females: predictors of survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant melanoma of the vulva']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors sought a statistical model that permits the calculation of the chance of postoperative dialysis in @entity1 undergoing @entity2334 repair. The preoperative risk of each individual @entity1 was assessed. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Acute @entity177 requiring dialysis after @entity2334 surgery is a common complication. Despite modern intensive care facilities, it continues to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. METHODS: The authors studied the influence of preoperative and intraoperative variables thought to be important clinically in the development of serious @entity810 in 88 consecutive @entity1 . Simple cross-clamping was used with the Crawford's graft inclusion technique without shunts or heparin. Statistical methods used include univariate and multivariate analysis (stepwise logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazard model). RESULTS: The hospital mortality was 11.4% (n = 10). Long-term survival at 2 years was 78% (+/- 4.4), and at 5 years was 54% (+/- 5.3). A logistic regression model with only two explanatory variables to predict postoperative dialysis showed an almost perfect fit (chi 2 = 4.2, p = 0.84): the risk factors of postoperative dialysis were age (p = 0.003) and the preoperative serum @entity1011 level (p = 0.04). As determined by stepwise Cox regression analysis, postoperative dialysis also was a significant risk factor for late death (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Using this statistical model, the chances of postoperative dialysis can be estimated exactly before operation; age and preoperative serum @entity1011 level are the only variables predictive for postoperative dialysis.

title: Risk assessment of @entity810 after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 degrade type IV collagen, which is one of the major components of the basement membrane in normal tissue and expressed in the surroundings of the @entity5 nest in @entity957 . The degeneration of type IV collagen is an essential step in the @entity3 to lymph nodes and distant organs. In this study, we examined @entity5379 levels of @entity5 tissue and serum obtained from @entity1 with @entity213 ( @entity213 ) in order to evaluate the relationship between the clinicopathologic features and MMPs. We examined the production of @entity5379 in @entity5 tissue homogenates of 73 @entity1 who had @entity213 and the serum MMP levels of 16 @entity1 with @entity213 and 8 healthy volunteers. We also studied the localization of @entity1476 in the @entity189 using an immunohistochemical approach. The concentrations of @entity5379 in the tissue homogenates and serum were measured by means of a sandwich enzyme immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed with monoclonal antibody to @entity1476 . The concentration of @entity1476 in the @entity5 tissue homogenates was unrelated to @entity5 size, but that in @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 was significantly higher than in those without lymph node @entity3 . The concentration of @entity1495 was unrelated to @entity1600 and @entity5 size. The levels of both @entity5379 in serum were unrelated to @entity1600 . Immunohistochemistry indicated that @entity1476 was mainly expressed in @entity5 cells. Because @entity1476 degrades type IV collagen, the level of @entity1476 in @entity189 may be a useful indicator of the degree of invasion and @entity3 .

title: Enhanced production of @entity1476 in XXXX head and neck carcinomas is correlated with @entity1600 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Latex @entity566 is an important medical problem for an increasing number of @entity1 . It has been documented as causing immediate @entity56 ranging from mild @entity110 to life-threatening anaphylaxis after cutaneous, mucosal or visceral exposure. Recent studies in northern Europe and the USA suggest that between 2.8 and 16.9% of healthcare workers are affected by @entity56 reactions. OBJECTIVES: To test the prevalence of contact @entity110 from latex gloves in a group of healthcare workers, to examine the factors associated with @entity2144 and to evaluate some diagnostic methods used in @entity2144 . METHODS: A total of 929 employees of the surgical units who used latex gloves on a regular basis, at least once a day, were invited to participate in this study including administration of a questionnaire, a prick test with a commercial extract of latex, a prick test with latex glove eluate, a use test, RAST and an immunoblotting system; moreover, a prick test with a group of common inhalant allergens and a prick-by-prick test with fresh fruit (banana, kiwi, avocado, chestnut) were employed. RESULTS: Of the 929 staff sent questionnaires, 313 (33.5%) replied; of those who responded, 118 gave a history of hand problems such as itch, erythema, wheals when wearing gloves, dryness and @entity146 most marked on the backs of the hands. Among these 118 workers, 16 refused skin testing and examination of blood, so 102 subjects were studied for @entity2144 ; 21/118 (17.8%) healthcare workers were found to be latex @entity56 . Eighty-one staff members gave a history of hand problems worsened by wearing gloves but were not latex @entity56 on testing. Those healthcare workers who completed the questionnaire and answered negatively (195/313) were not tested for @entity2144 . Prick tests with the commercial solution were positive in 11 of the 21 subjects studied; prick tests with the eluate of glove, RAST and the use test were positive in all workers; 10 of the 21 sera showed positive immunoblot results. Atopy and a preexisting irritant contact eczema of the hands were present in a high percentage of the workers. CONCLUSION: In this study of healthcare personnel, we found that @entity56 contact @entity110 from latex was present in 21 workers of the 313 (6.7%) who responded to the questionnaire and of the 102 (20.5%) who were tested for @entity2144 . Atopy and irritant contact eczema of the hands were frequent in these subjects. Skin prick testing with latex glove eluate and the use test seem to be more sensitive than in vitro testing, particularly immunoblotting, and are biologically more relevant; skin testing with glove eluate must be preferred to testing with a commercial extract.

title: Contact XXXX from latex in healthcare workers.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['latex allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['latex hypersensitivity type I', 'hypersensitivity reactions', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: In a case-control study of cognitive performance, tests of intelligence, reading, spelling, and pragmatic language were administered to the parents and siblings of 90 community-ascertained probands with @entity2438 ( @entity10058 group) and to the parents and siblings of 40 similarly ascertained probands with trisomy 21 Down syndrome (DS group). The two samples were comparable for age and parents' education; both groups were well-educated and had above-average intelligence. @entity10058 parents scored slightly but significantly lower on the WAIS-R Full Scale and Performance IQ, on two subtests (Picture Arrangement and Picture Completion), and on the Word Attack Test (reading nonsense words) from the Woodcock-Johnson battery. There were no differences between @entity10058 and DS siblings. As in earlier studies, @entity10058 parents, more often than DS parents, reported a history of early language-related @entity73 ; we were not able to replicate this in siblings. @entity10058 parents who reported such difficulties scored significantly lower on Verbal IQ, spelling, and the nonsense reading test. @entity10058 parents without a history of early language-related @entity73 often had a Verbal IQ that exceeded Performance IQ by more than one standard deviation. @entity10058 siblings with early language-related difficulties had similar findings: lower Verbal IQ, poorer spelling, and poorer reading scores, compared to @entity10058 siblings without such a history. Parents with a positive history also scored worse on a measure of pragmatic language,the Pragmatic Rating Scale, but not on measures of social-related components of the broader @entity2438 phenotype. We propose that cognitive differences in a subset of @entity2438 family members are manifestations of the language-related component of the broader @entity2438 phenotype, and separate from the social-related component. This is consistent with the hypothesis that there are several genes that may interact to cause @entity2438 which segregate independently and have distinguishable manifestations in family members. The hypothesis would be further supported by finding different patterns of genetic loci linked to @entity2438 in families where one or both parents has language difficulties.

title: Predictors of cognitive test patterns in XXXX families.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive difficulties']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Interferon beta ( @entity2391 ) is standard therapy for @entity15 ( @entity15 ). The efficacy of intramuscular (IM) @entity2391 -1a (AVONEX(  )) was assessed in 25 Japanese @entity1 with @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity3780 not previously treated with @entity2391 or other disease-modifying therapies were included in this 36-week study. The primary outcome was the average total number of @entity2287 -enhanced lesions detected on four brain MRI scans during the last 12 weeks of 24 weeks' treatment with IM @entity2391 -1a 30  g once weekly compared with the number during the 12-week pre-treatment period. Lesions were counted by blinded investigators. RESULTS: IM @entity2391 -1a significantly decreased the median number of @entity2287 -enhanced lesions from 2.5 to 0.3 (p < 0.0001) compared with pre-treatment values. The median number of new @entity2287 -enhanced lesions also decreased significantly from 2.0 to 0.3 (p = 0.0002). Serum neopterin was induced in a manner similar to that observed previously in a Caucasian @entity3780 population. No new adverse events occurred during the study. CONCLUSION: This first study of IM @entity2391 a in Japanese @entity1 with @entity3780 demonstrated a level of efficacy similar to that reported in Caucasian @entity1 based on an assessment of pre-treatment and post-treatment @entity2287 -enhanced lesions.

title: Intramuscular interferon beta-1a is effective in Japanese XXXX with relapsing-remitting @entity15 : a pre-treatment versus treatment comparison study of @entity2287 -enhanced MRI brain lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemoprevention of @entity0 is an active area of investigation. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that @entity12721 (e.g., @entity4506 ) and @entity4878 are able to inhibit the growth of @entity0 cells. @entity4506 mediates its action via @entity12097 ( @entity12097 ). We evaluated the ability of @entity4506 , alone or in combination with @entity4878 , to prevent the induction of @entity1613 by @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) in a @entity19 mammary gland organ culture model. METHODS: Mammary glands of BALB/c @entity19 were treated with @entity106 (2 microg/mL) to induce @entity1613 in organ culture. Effects of @entity4506 , @entity1968 ( @entity1968 ; ligand for @entity1968 receptor [RAR] alpha), and @entity50064 (ligand for @entity554 X receptors [RXRs]), singly or in combination, on the development of lesions were evaluated. Expression of @entity554 receptors ( @entity14933 and @entity19914 ) and @entity12097 was determined by western blot analysis. Statistical significance was determined by generalized chi-squared analysis using the GENCAT software program and Bonferroni correction. All P values are two-sided. RESULTS: @entity4506 (at 10(-5) M) or @entity1968 (at 10(-6) M) markedly inhibited the development of mammary lesions (both P values <.05); however, together they did not enhance the effectiveness of the other. In contrast, @entity50064 (at 10(-7) M or 10(-8) M) alone had very little ability to inhibit development of these lesions, but a combination of @entity50064 (at 10(-8) M) and @entity4506 (at 10(-5) M or 10(-6) M) almost completely inhibited (by 85% and 100%, respectively; both P values <. 05) the development of mammary lesions. The expression of @entity12097 and @entity19914 remained unchanged with the various treatments, whereas the expression of @entity14933 was substantially reduced after treatment with the combination of @entity1968 and @entity4506 . CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the possibility of a @entity12097 ligand having chemopreventive activity. Furthermore, an RXR-selective @entity554 , @entity50064 , appears to enhance this activity.

title: A ligand of XXXX , @entity4878 , and prevention of preneoplastic mammary lesions.

entities_list: @entity12097 :: ('19016(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma', 'PPARgamma']

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4506 :: ('MESH:C057693', 'Chemical') :: ['troglitazone', 'Troglitazone']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans-retinoic acid', 'retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity12097 :: (19016(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma']


abstract: Postinfarction @entity1757 (PIVSD) remains a surgical challenge resulting in devastating mortality rates. We present our 10-year experience in surgical management of this catastrophic complication of @entity583 . During a decade (1987-1996) 14 @entity1 with PIVSD were treated surgically in our department. There were 10 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , ranging in age from 51 to 78 years. The @entity397 occurred within the first 4 days after the @entity1188 in most cases (n = 10). Eight @entity1 were supported perioperatively by @entity661 ( @entity661 ). In all cases the surgical technique included infarctectomy and ventricular septum reconstruction with synthetic patches. Coronary artery bypass grafting was synchronously performed in four @entity1 . Seven @entity1 died perioperatively (mortality rate 50%) due to @entity712 and to @entity881 . The most frequent complications were @entity998 , @entity548 , and respiratory and @entity177 . The PIVSD needs urgent surgical intervention with the @entity1 hemodynamically stable after cardiac catheterization. Long-term results are favorable for survivors.

title: Surgical repair of postinfarction XXXX : 10-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['IABP', 'intraaortic balloon counterpulsation']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Volkmann's @entity5649 is a less common but crippling condition affecting the extremities. Once the condition sets in, the prognosis always remains guarded, even after long and intensive physiotherapy and various restorative surgical techniques. This study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term functional results of the Max Page muscle slide operation in @entity1 with Volkmann's @entity5649 of the forearm of moderate degree (Tsuge classification). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 treated between 1997 and 2009 were evaluated. The functional outcome (measured as the dexterity score, hand grip strength, sensibility, and appearance) was analyzed postoperatively. The pre- and postoperative values were compared using a paired t test. The final results were graded as good, fair, and poor. RESULTS: The average age at the time of presentation was 18 years (range 3-25 years). Tight external splintage for injuries around elbow and forearm was the primary factor. The mean period of follow-up was 3.53 years. Fifteen @entity1 were able to achieve good functional results. Three had fair and one had poor results. All three variables showed significant improvements postoperatively. Wound dehiscence was the most common complication. One @entity1 needed a second surgery to restore good hand function. CONCLUSION: The Max Page muscle sliding operation to treat Volkmann's @entity5649 of moderate degree gives good functional results. The procedure is simple and easy to perform. Adequate muscle release and proper postoperative physiotherapy are key to achieving good results.

title: Results of the Max Page muscle sliding operation for the treatment of Volkmann's XXXX of the forearm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5649 :: ('MESH:D054061', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic contracture']

answer: @entity5649 :: (MESH:D054061,Disease) :: ['ischemic contracture']


abstract: Subjects with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) have an increased incidence of @entity301 . Several studies have suggested that @entity3452 levels may be increased in @entity1723 subjects, although these studies have been limited by the lack of information on apo(a) phenotype and urinary albumin excretion. We compared @entity3452 concentrations in 66 @entity1 with @entity1723 and 18 non- @entity6 @entity1 ; all were non-Hispanic whites and none had detectable @entity633 . @entity3452 concentrations (mg/dl) were lower in subjects with @entity1723 than in non- @entity6 subjects (12.0 +/- 2.2 vs. 20.0 +/- 6.1, respectively), although these means were not significantly different (P = 0.276). Postpubertal subjects, particularly males, had increased @entity3452 concentrations relative to prepubertal subjects (P = 0.041). Higher apo(a) molecular weight was associated with decreased @entity3452 concentrations in both @entity6 and non- @entity6 subjects. However, apo(a) size was not different in @entity6 and non- @entity6 subjects. @entity3452 concentrations were not significantly correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin levels in @entity6 subjects (r = 0.11, P = NS). We also found similar @entity3452 concentrations in postpubertal @entity1723 subjects compared with adult non-Hispanic white non- @entity6 subjects (n = 208) from the San Antonio Heart Study, a population-based study. These observations do not support increased @entity3452 concentrations in young normoalbuminuric @entity1723 subjects.

title: XXXX concentrations and phenotypes in @entity1 with @entity1723 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity3452 :: (4018,Gene) :: ['Lp(a)']


abstract: PURPOSE: The lamina cribrosa has been proposed as a site of origin of the @entity1781 in @entity726 . The purpose of this study was to investigate, in vivo, the clinical features of the lamina cribrosa pores of glaucomatous @entity1 and to relate their morphometric characteristics to the extent of their @entity227 . METHODS: Images of the internal lamina cribrosa surface of 60 glaucomatous @entity1 and 15 normal subjects were acquired, in vivo, using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO). A purposely developed technique of image processing was employed to objectively evaluate pore morphometry, with particular regard to their geometrical characteristics (circularity and elongation). Visual function was assessed by automated perimetry (Humphrey Field Analyser). RESULTS: Normal subjects showed approximately round lamina pores. In glaucomatous @entity1 , pores become more elongated and less circular with increasing field loss (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and a new technique of image processing were employed, for the first time, to the investigation in vivo of the lamina cribrosa of glaucomatous @entity1 , in relation to the extent of @entity227 . The results indicated differences in the lamina cribrosa pore morphometry associated with increasing severity of the disease. These changes may represent the result of compressing and shearing forces applied to the laminar plates.

title: In vivo morphometry of the lamina cribrosa and its relation to @entity227 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Lattice @entity3985 associated with @entity14755 (Finish type, @entity1941 ) has not yet been reported in Japan. We report 7 cases in a Japanese family. The proband, a 64-year-old @entity1 , suffering from itching in his limbs, @entity717 , and @entity4653 , consulted the Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo. Neurological examination revealed bilateral facial, glossopharyngeal, vagal, and @entity6256 , and @entity73 . His vision was 1.2 and he had fine lattice @entity3985 in both eyes. Short glassy lines were randomly scattered in the @entity3986 . Corneal sensation was normal and there was no evidence of recurrent @entity2687 . Immunohistological and biochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1941 . Six siblings were neurologically suspected to be @entity1941 @entity1 with similar lattice @entity3985 . The family pedigree suggested an autosomal dominant trait of inheritance.

title: [Lattice XXXX with @entity14755 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglossal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired distal vibratory perception']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['corneal dystrophy', 'corneal dystrophy type II']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['lattice dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity14755 :: ('MESH:D028227', 'Disease') :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal erosion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impaired lip movement']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity3985 :: (MESH:D003317,Disease) :: ['corneal dystrophy type II']


abstract: We have studied the expression of the complement components C2, C3, factor B, C1 inhibitor ( @entity19459 ), @entity7676 ( @entity4050 in @entity1 peripheral blood monocytes, skin fibroblasts, umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the @entity1 @entity157 cell line G2 (Hep G2) in the absence and the presence of @entity379 ( @entity379 ). E.l.i.s.a. performed on culture fluids, run-on transcription assays, Northern blot and double-dilution dot-blot techniques confirmed that monocytes expressed all six components, whereas fibroblasts, HUVEC and HepG2 each expressed five of the six components. Fibroblasts and HUVEC did not synthesize @entity7676 , and Hep G2 did not produce @entity4050 . In addition to these differences, the synthesis rates of C3, @entity19459 and @entity4050 were not the same in all cell types. However, the synthesis rates of @entity3627 were similar in all four cell types. The half-lives of the mRNAs were shorter in monocytes than in other cell types. Monocyte @entity4050 mRNA had a half-life of 12 min in monocytes, compared with over 3 h in fibroblasts and HUVEC. The instability of @entity4050 mRNA in monocytes may contribute to their low @entity4050 secretion rate. @entity379 produced dose-dependent stimulation of @entity3627 , @entity19459 , @entity7676 and @entity4050 synthesis by all cell types expressing these proteins, but decreased C3 synthesis in all four cell types. Cell-specific differences in the response to @entity379 were observed. The increased rates of transcription of the @entity19459 and @entity4050 genes in HUVEC were greater than in other cell types, while the increased rate of transcription of the @entity3627 and @entity19459 genes in Hep G2 cells was less than in other cell types. @entity379 did not affect the stability of C3, @entity4050 or @entity7676 mRNAs, but increased the stability of factor B and @entity19459 mRNAs and decreased the stability of C2 mRNA. Although these changes occurred in all four cell types studied, the half-life of @entity19459 mRNA in monocytes was increased almost 4-fold, whereas the increases in the other cell types were less than 30%. These data show that the constitutive synthesis rates of complement components may vary in the different cell types. They also show that the degree of change in synthesis rates in response to @entity379 in each of the cell types often varies due to differences in transcriptional response, sometimes in association with changes in mRNA stability.

title: Effect of XXXX on complement gene expression in different cell types.

entities_list: @entity3627 :: ('717', 'Gene') :: ['C2, factor B', 'C2 and factor B']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity4050 :: ('3075', 'Gene') :: ['factor H', 'C4-bp) and factor H']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: Variability of regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) during reflow after 20 minutes of @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) @entity1563 was measured by the radioactive microsphere technique in nine open-chest @entity235 . Preocclusion RMBF in the @entity1347 territory was 0.89 +/- 0.27 ml/min/gm. Twenty minutes of @entity1347 occlusion resulted in uniform and severe @entity63 (RMBF < or = 0.25 ml/min/gm). After 1 minute of reperfusion, RMBF in the @entity1347 territory rose to 3.48 +/- 1.88 ml/min/gm, and declined to 1.06 +/- 0.29 ml/min/gm after 20 minutes of reperfusion. RMBF variance increased significantly from 0.046 preocclusion to 0.2857 after 1 minute of reperfusion (p < 0.01) and declining to 0.086 after 20 minutes of reperfusion. By contrast, RMBF variance analysis of myocardial segments from the nonischemic left circumflex territory exhibited no significant change throughout the experiment. In any given @entity235 this heterogeneous reperfusion of previously ischemic tissue resulted in a disorganized topography of blood flow rates. Myocardium with relatively high regional flow was intermingled with islands of tissue with relatively low blood flow. In conclusion, despite a relatively uniform and severe @entity741 insult, the subsequent initial hyperemic response during reperfusion exhibits marked spatial heterogeneity. The juxtaposition of myocardial regions exposed to vastly differing rates of @entity26 delivery and washout of toxic metabolites may set the stage for nonuniform recovery of myocardial function.

title: Heterogeneity of reperfusion after reversible regional @entity741 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemic']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The outcome of @entity726 surgery can be affected by the rate at which the surgical wound heals. Beta radiation has been proposed as a rapid and simple treatment to slow down the healing response. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of beta radiation during @entity726 surgery (trabeculectomy). SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library (which includes the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) (Issue 4 2008), MEDLINE (January 1966 to October 2008) and EMBASE (January 1980 to October 2008). The databases were last searched on 24 October 2008. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials comparing trabeculectomy with beta radiation to trabeculectomy without beta radiation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We collected data on surgical failure (intraocular pressure > 21 mmHg), intraocular pressure and adverse effects of @entity726 surgery. We pooled data using a fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: We found four trials that randomised 551 @entity1 to trabeculectomy with beta irradiation versus trabeculectomy alone. Two trials were in Caucasian @entity1 (126 @entity1 ), one trial in black African @entity1 (320 @entity1 ) and one trial in Chinese @entity1 (105 @entity1 ). @entity1 who had trabeculectomy with beta irradiation had a lower risk of surgical failure compared to @entity1 who had trabeculectomy alone (pooled risk ratio (RR) 0.23 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.40). Beta irradiation was associated with an increased risk of @entity231 (RR 2.89, 95% CI 1.39 to 6.0). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculectomy with beta irradiation has a lower risk of surgical failure compared to trabeculectomy alone. A trial of beta irradiation versus anti-metabolite is warranted.

title: Beta radiation for XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) after @entity583 often have multiple morphologies of inducible @entity1165 , which complicates mapping and is viewed by some as a relative contraindication to ablation. Attempting to identify and target a single "clinical" @entity1165 is often limited by inability to obtain 12-lead ECGs of VTs that are terminated emergently or by defibrillators. This study assesses the feasibility of ablation in @entity1 selected without regard to the presence of multiple VTs by targeting all VTs that allow mapping. METHODS AND RESULTS: Radiofrequency catheter ablation targeting all inducible monomorphic VTs that allowed mapping was performed in 52 @entity1 with prior @entity583 . Antiarrhythmic drug therapy had failed in 41 (79%) @entity1 including @entity2643 in 36 (69%) @entity1 . An average of 3.6+/-2 morphologies of @entity1165 were induced per @entity1 . More than 1 ablation session was required in 16 (31%) @entity1 . Complications occurred in 5 (10%) @entity1 , including 1 (2%) @entity204 caused by @entity583 . During follow-up 59% of @entity1 continued to receive @entity2643 ; 23 (45%) had implantable defibrillators. During a mean follow-up of 18+/-15 months (range 0 to 51 months) 1 @entity1 died suddenly, 2 died from uncontrollable @entity1165 , and 5 died from @entity712 . Three-year survival rate was 70+/-10%, and rate for risk of @entity1165 recurrence was 33+/-7%. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency catheter ablation controls @entity1165 that is sufficiently stable to allow mapping in 67% of @entity1 despite failure of antiarrhythmic drug therapy and multiple inducible VTs. However, ablation was largely adjunctive to @entity2643 and defibrillators in this referral population.

title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of @entity1165 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1369 -producing adrenal cortical @entity5 . METHODS: From 1978 to February 2001, 149 @entity1 with @entity1369 -producing adrenal cortical @entity5 were diagnosed and treated. Of these @entity1 , 148 had @entity652 and 1 had @entity1636 . The diagnosis was all confirmed by surgery and pathological studies. RESULTS: The diagnostic specificity of retroperitoneal pneumography, B-ultrasonography and CT scan are 39%, 67% and 95.3% respectively. It was found that there were significant differences of diagnostic specificity between retroperitoneal pneumography and B-ultrasonography, CT scan (chi2 = 23.89, P < 0.05) and there were significant differences between B-ultrasonography and CT scan (chi2 = 32.10, P < 0.05). In all the patients, serum @entity972 level elevated to normal range within 1 month postoperatively. In 110 cases out of 149, the blood pressure dropped to normal range within two months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate treatment depends on correct qualitative diagnosis and localization of the causative lesion. B-ultrasonography and CT scan play an important role in diagnosis. Surgery is the major treatment, including laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Factors affecting the therapeutic outcome are aging systemic @entity455 and long duration of the disease.

title: [Clinical analysis of 149 cases of XXXX -producing adrenal cortical @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal cortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal adenoma']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: @entity1241 is a socially incapacitating condition with associated high treatment costs. The most common cause of @entity1241 is @entity130 during childbirth followed by surgical interventions. After unsuccessful conventional treatment, muscle transposition is the next treatment option. Two local muscles are used for this purpose: the gluteus and the gracilis muscles. With both muscles, long-term muscle contractions are difficult to maintain due to muscle fatigue. The gracilis muscle, however, is technically much easier to transfer and most activities of daily living and even sports are still possible. Experimental studies have shown that electrical stimulation of skeletal muscles can transform fatigue-prone muscles into fatigue-resistant muscles. In 1986, we started to perform graciloplasty procedures with intramuscular electrodes connected to an electrical stimulator. To date, 200 @entity1 have been treated in our institution using dynamic graciloplasty. All @entity1 had severe @entity322 without control of liquid or solid feces, most of them had previously received unsuccessful treatment using other techniques. The mean age was 48 years, the average time that @entity1 had been incontinent was 12.4 years, and the cause of @entity322 were @entity130 (n = 99), congenital (n = 28), pudendopathy (n = 58), and low motor @entity16 (n = 15). Of these @entity1 , 76% were considered to have successful outcomes. @entity1 whose cause of @entity322 was @entity130 or pudendopathy tended to respond better to this treatment than @entity1 with anal @entity1146 .

title: Dynamic graciloplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological lesions']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['Fecal incontinence', 'fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is occasionally complicated by camptocormia. In a previous study, we classified camptocormia into upper and lower types based on the inflection point, and reported that @entity3303 injection into the external oblique muscle, but not into the internal oblique or rectus abdomen, improved @entity3518 in @entity191 . The effect of a single @entity3303 injection disappeared over a period of few days. In this study, we used repeated @entity3303 injections into the external oblique for 4-5 days and evaluated the effects of such treatment for up to 90 days. METHODS: The study subjects were 12 @entity1 with @entity191 and @entity3518 who were treated with repeated @entity3303 injections into the bilateral external oblique followed by rehabilitation. The effect of treatment was evaluated by measuring the angle of truncal flexion before and after the injection. @entity1 who showed improvement with repeated injections were evaluated during a 90-day period. RESULTS: Eight out of 12 @entity1 showed significant improvement in posture after a single @entity3303 injection. However, the effect subsided several days after treatment. Repeated injections produced long-term improvement in 9 out of 12 @entity1 , which was maintained during the 90-day observation period in eight of these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that repeated @entity3303 injections into the external oblique improved @entity3518 , and that the effect was maintained in the majority of @entity1 during the 90-day observation period, indicating that repeated @entity3303 injections into the external oblique have therapeutic effect on @entity3518 in @entity1 with @entity191 .

title: Long-term effect of repeated @entity3303 injections into the external oblique for XXXX in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity3518 :: ('MESH:C537968', 'Disease') :: ['upper camptocormia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity3518 :: (MESH:C537968,Disease) :: ['upper camptocormia']


abstract: In first-episode @entity1 with @entity716 , @entity1088 may be potentially valuable as an initial treatment seeking to limit early on clinical and @entity73 . Nevertheless, until recently its restricted use has limited the study of this possibility. Our research group is developing a non-commercial, multicentric and open label study on the differential efficacy between @entity1088 and @entity1090 in first-episode @entity161 . In this paper, we present the results related to clinical variables after a one-year follow-up. So far, we have recruited 30 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 or @entity914 with illness duration of less than two years. The @entity1 had not received any previous treatment and they were randomized to treatment with @entity1088 or @entity1090 . Our results indicate that on average, @entity1 on @entity1088 adhered to their original treatment for a longer time period than @entity1 on @entity1090 . By last observation carried forward (LOCF) analysis, @entity1 on @entity1088 and @entity1090 displayed similar clinical improvements, although marginally greater improvements in positive and total symptoms scores were found in the @entity1088 group. At the 12-month point we observed a marginal improvement in negative symptom scores in @entity1 on @entity1088 . Subjective secondary effects, as measured with the Udvalg for KliniskeUnders  gelser (UKU) scale, correlated negatively with negative symptoms at follow-up. Our data, although preliminary, suggest that @entity1088 may have a slightly superior efficacy in the initial year of treatment of first-episode treatment-na  ve @entity1 with @entity161 , and this can be explained for the most part by greater adherence to this treatment.

title: Randomized trial of @entity1088 vs. XXXX in treatment-na  ve first-episode @entity161 : results after one year.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizophreniform disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: We report three @entity1 presented with @entity5422 associated with @entity8954 with increased HSV IgG antibody titer. The first @entity1 was a 27-year-old @entity1 with @entity5422 who developed @entity159 . The CSF showed pleocytosis and increase in HSV IgG antibody titer. @entity10926 was suspected, and she was treated with @entity1033 . The symptoms of @entity5422 improved, but she developed flaccid @entity1688 . The NCV study was compatible with @entity8954 . About two months later from the onset, @entity2057 appeared in her all limbs. The second @entity1 was a 23-year-old @entity1 with @entity5422 , which was followed by ascending motor paralysis. The CSF showed pleocytosis and increase in HSV IgG antibody titer. The symptoms of @entity5422 improved by administration of @entity1033 , but paralysis didn't improve. About two months later from the onset, @entity2057 of all limbs appeared. The NCV study was compatible with @entity8954 . The third @entity1 was a 43-year-old @entity1 presenting @entity2147 , neck stiffness and ascending motor paralysis developing into flaccid @entity1688 . The CSF showed pleocytosis and increase in HSV IgG antibody titer. @entity2147 and neck stiffness improved by administration of @entity1033 but @entity1688 didn't improve. The NCV study was compatible with @entity8954 . Immuno-absorption therapy and administration of @entity617 were performed. @entity5422 associated with increased HSV IgG antibody titer is rare. @entity56 which is initiated by @entity281 may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity8954 in these @entity1 .

title: [ @entity5422 associated with XXXX with increased HSV IgG antibody--report of three cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['Meningoencephalitis', 'meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence', 'Somnolence']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HSV infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Auto-allergic process']

entities_list: @entity10926 :: ('MESH:D020803', 'Disease') :: ['Herpes encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity8954 :: (MESH:D011129,Disease) :: ['polyradiculoneuropathy']