abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the influence of @entity27 ( @entity8604 ) on @entity2183 , controlling for their shared co-morbidities, in a population of community-based middle aged to elderly @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 were drawn from a randomly selected, community-dwelling cohort of @entity1 in Adelaide, Australia. Seven hundred and eight @entity1 (mean: 60.7 [41.6-88.2] years) who had polysomnography recordings, complete lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) measures (International Prostate Symptom Score), without prostate or @entity150 and/or surgery, and no prior @entity8604 diagnosis were selected. @entity2183 was defined as >= 2 voids per main sleep. Unadjusted and multi-adjusted regression models of @entity2183 were combined with @entity8604 , wake after sleep onset, total sleep period, @entity25 ( @entity25 ), and sleep quality (SQ) data, together with socio-demographic, and health-related factors. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2183 were found to have higher levels of @entity8604 (32.2% [n   =   65]), wake after sleep onset time (97.2        52.9 minutes), sleep period (467.3        58.4 minutes), @entity25 (18.2% [n   =   37]), and poorer SQ (54.3% [n   =   108]). Multiple-adjusted models showed @entity2183 was positively associated with @entity8604 ( @entity8604 , 95% confidence interval [1.03,2.55]), @entity25 (1.72 [1.01,2.93]), and poorer SQ (1.65 [1.10,2.48]). Including other storage and voiding LUTS attenuated the effect of @entity8604 and strengthened the association with @entity25 (2.44 [1.45,4.10] and 2.24 [1.19,4.22]), whereas voiding LUTS also strengthened the association with poorer SQ (2.61 [1.63,4.17]). @entity1 with increasing nocturic frequency spent less time in N2 and rapid eye movement stage sleep. CONCLUSION: @entity2183 is strongly associated with @entity8604 in community-based @entity1 . @entity2183 also reduces sleep efficiency/SQ, N2, and rapid eye movement sleep time, while increasing @entity25 . Other LUTS increase @entity25 through non- @entity8604 means.

title: @entity2183 , Other Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Sleep Dysfunction in a Community-Dwelling Cohort of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity2183 :: ('MESH:D053158', 'Disease') :: ['nocturia', 'Nocturia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['excessive daytime sleepiness', 'EDS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective case series study was to evaluate the short-term success rates of @entity702 screw-type implants with a chemically modified sand-blasted and acid-etched (mod @entity23114 ) surface after 3 weeks of healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 56 implants were inserted in the posterior mandible of 40 partially edentulous @entity1 exhibiting bone densities of class I to III. After a healing period of 3 weeks, all implants were functionally loaded with a screw-retained crown or fixed dental prosthesis. The @entity1 were recalled at weeks 4, 7, 12, and 26 for monitoring and assessment of clinical and radiological parameters, including implant stability quotient (ISQ) measurements. RESULTS: None of the implants failed to integrate. However, two implants were considered "spinners" at day 21 and left unloaded for an extended period. Therefore, 96.4% of the inserted implants were loaded according to the protocol tested. All 56 implants including the "spinners" showed favorable clinical and radiographic findings at the 6-month follow-up examination. The ISQ values increased steadily throughout the follow-up period. At the time of implant placement, the range of ISQ values exhibited a mean of 74.33, and by week 26, a mean value of 83.82 was recorded. Based on strict criteria, all 56 implants were considered successfully integrated, resulting in a 6-month survival and success rate of 100.0%. CONCLUSION: This prospective study using an early-loading protocol after 3 weeks of healing demonstrated that @entity702 implants with the modified @entity23114 surface can achieve and maintain successful tissue integration over a period of at least 6 months. The ISQ method seems feasible to monitor implant stability during the initial wound-healing period.

title: Early loading of nonsubmerged XXXX implants with a chemically modified sand-blasted and acid-etched surface: 6-month results of a prospective case series study in the posterior mandible focusing on peri-implant crestal bone changes and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: MOTIVATION: ChIP-seq and ChIP-chip experiments have been widely used to identify @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) binding sites and target genes. Conventionally, a fairly 'simple' approach is employed for target gene identification e.g. finding genes with binding sites within 2 kb of a @entity1021 ( @entity1021 ). However, this does not take into account the number of sites upstream of the @entity1021 , their exact positioning or the fact that different TFs appear to act at different characteristic distances from the @entity1021 . RESULTS: Here we propose a probabilistic model called target identification from profiles ( @entity5936 ) that quantitatively measures the regulatory relationships between TFs and target genes. For each @entity4059 , our model builds a characteristic, averaged profile of binding around the @entity1021 and then uses this to weight the sites associated with a given gene, providing a continuous-valued 'regulatory' score relating each @entity4059 and potential target. Moreover, the score can readily be turned into a ranked list of target genes and an estimate of significance, which is useful for case-dependent downstream analysis. CONCLUSION: We show the advantages of @entity5936 by comparing it to the 'simple' approach on several representative datasets, using motif occurrence and relationship to knock-out experiments as metrics of validation. Moreover, we show that the probabilistic model is not as sensitive to various experimental parameters (including sequencing depth and peak-calling method) as the simple approach; in fact, the lesser dependence on sequencing depth potentially utilizes the result of a ChIP-seq experiment in a more 'cost-effective' manner. CONTACT: mark.gerstein@yale.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

title: @entity5936 : a probabilistic method for identifying XXXX target genes from ChIP-seq binding profiles.

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['transcription start site', 'TSS']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['transcription factor', 'TF']

answer: @entity4059 :: (MESH:D007020,Disease) :: ['transcription factor']


abstract: We aimed to assess the effects of local @entity32925 and @entity6235 ( @entity24879 ) treatments in a model of flap @entity39 . Three groups of @entity35 albino @entity35 , each comprising 10 animals were used. A cranially based 6x3-cm full-thickness random-pattern skin flap was raised and sutured to the same area in each model. The control group was treated daily with normal saline, the second with topical @entity24879 and the third with topical @entity32925 . The amount of flap @entity39 was measured in all groups by the end of the seventh day. Flap tissues were excised for histological analysis and evaluation of the expression of @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) levels. Assessment of the blood levels of @entity842 was also performed in each animal by cardiac puncture. The mean area of flap @entity39 was 110.6mm(2) in the control, 39.44 mm(2) in the @entity32925 and 47.11 mm(2) in the heparinoid-treated @entity35 . The treatment arms exhibited significant reduction in areas of flap @entity39 , compared with the control group (p<0.001), but it was similar among treatment groups (p=0.60). The rates of fibroblast proliferation were decreased in control group as compared to @entity24879 and @entity32925 arms (p<0.001). The mean level of collagen density, collagen organisation, granulation tissue and demarcation were similar in all @entity35 . Measurement of @entity6667 expression did not show any significant difference between the groups (p=0.30). @entity842 levels were significantly higher in control @entity35 , as compared to treatment groups (p<0.0001), but were similar in treatment arms (p=0.45). Our results suggest that @entity32925 and @entity24879 effectively reduce the flap @entity39 and improve flap survival. The observed effects might be due to their anti-oedematogenic, radical-scavenging, antioxidant effects and supportive activities on capillary permeability and transudation.

title: Comparison of the effects of XXXX and heparinoid on flap @entity39 .

entities_list: @entity6235 :: ('MESH:D006496', 'Chemical') :: ['heparinoid']

entities_list: @entity32925 :: ('MESH:C005865', 'Chemical') :: ['troxerutin']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity32925 :: (MESH:C005865,Chemical) :: ['troxerutin']


abstract: We undertook this study to characterize peak bone density and evaluate its determinants in a healthy cohort of young adult male paramilitary personnel. @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 473 healthy @entity1 aged 21-40 yr. The effect of anthropometry and biochemical parameters on @entity79 was determined. Mean @entity79 values of L1-L4, forearm, total hip, and femoral neck were 1.170+/-0.137, 0.755+/-0.089, 1.129+/-0.130, and 1.115+/-0.133 g/cm(2), respectively. @entity79 values for 31- to 40-yr age group were lower than those of 20- to 30-yr age group except for forearm, which was higher in the former. Significant positive correlation was observed between height, weight, and body mass index with @entity79 . On multivariate regression analysis, weight was the most consistent contributor to variance in the @entity79 . Compared with age-matched US males, @entity79 were higher for Indian paramilitary personnel by 3.58% and 4.2%, whereas lumbar spine @entity79 was lower by 4.1%. In conclusion, peak @entity79 in healthy Indian males was achieved by 30 yr of age at lumbar spine and hip, with weight being the most consistent contributor to variance in @entity79 . Peak @entity79 in this population was comparable to that reported in white US males.

title: Peak bone mineral density of physically active healthy Indian XXXX with adequate nutrition and no known current constraints to bone mineralization.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['BMD of total hip and femoral neck', 'BMD', 'Bone mineral density']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity4457 is one of the most common eye ailments in @entity1 . Early treatment can frequently eliminate this problem. The responsibility for early recognition falls primarily on the pediatrician. The following summarizes what ought to be done for each age group to rule out @entity4457 and its associated condition. Newborn to age four months. Make sure the eyes appear normal externally and have a clear red reflex (no @entity231 ). @entity1 after age four months. Check fixation with each eye with a penlight. Check for symmetrical corneal light reflexes. Also check red reflex and fundus. Age two to four years. Be particularly aware of any family history of strabismus or @entity4457 . The examination should include an observation of the fixation pattern with each eye, the symmetry of the corneal light reflex, and an evaluation of the fundus and the red reflex. Age four. Visual acuity in each eye should be measured. Ideally, all @entity1 should be referred for a complete eye examination and refraction if this is economically feasible. School age. Check vision yearly. If a @entity1 is going to have one complete routine eye examination by an ophthalmologist in the first half of his lifetime, checking him at age four would be ideal. It should include a cycloplegic refraction to tule out excessive @entity3467 , @entity1714 , @entity940 , or unequal refraction in the two eyes. This should be done by a @entity1 thoroughly schooled in recognizing @entity2194 rather than by a nonmedical practitioner. Annual eye examinations by an ophthalmologist are probably unnecessary if visual acuity is good and the @entity1 is asymptomatic.

title: XXXX and the pediatrician.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Infants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['farsightedness']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['nearsightedness']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia', 'Amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['Amblyopia']


abstract: We reported a clinical course and autopsy results of an 8-year-old severely handicapped @entity1 with marked @entity5719 . She was well until 3 days prior to first admission in local hospital. Two days prior to admission, she began to vomit. Twelve hours later, she was noted to be lethargic and developed @entity391 . At physical examination on admission, she had frequent fits and her posture was @entity2003 . Consciousness disturbance continued for two weeks. Thereafter, she became severely handicapped with @entity1688 , @entity1032 and intractable @entity302 . She was transferred to our hospital one month later. We cared her totally and carefully with our rehabilitation staff, but during her course several rare happening occurred; she suffered from @entity548 due to @entity15617 and received an operation for the release of contracture of her hips. She died of acute @entity1576 at 8 years and 5 months of age. Her autopsy findings were characteristic of the damage to an immature brain during development; @entity76 .

title: [A clinical course and autopsy results of an 8-year-old severely handicapped XXXX with marked @entity5719 ].

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['spastic quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['decerebrate rigidity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['malaise with frequent vomiting']

entities_list: @entity15617 :: ('MESH:D007706', 'Disease') :: ['hypocupremia']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cactus formation of cerebellar cortex and periventricular leukomalacia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girl']


abstract: Left ventricular (LV) @entity67 is the earliest manifestation of @entity741 . There are no simple stress tests for detecting @entity63 by assessing abnormal changes of early (relaxation) and late (end-diastolic compliance) LV diastolic function. This study attempts to establish the diagnostic accuracy of the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) for detecting exercise- @entity63 -induced @entity67 . Apex- and phonocardiogram were obtained during a 2-min handgrip (40% of maximal @entity2472 using a balloon dynamometer). Indices of LV diastolic function were provided by relative A-wave to total height (A/H) of ACG, total apexcardiographic relaxation time (TART), TART corrected for heart rate (TARTI), and diastolic amplitude time index (DATI). @entity1062 was performed in 63 @entity1 with typical stable @entity951 and 202 healthy volunteers. Positivity of @entity1062 is defined by the presence of at least one of the following new criteria: 1) A/H during or after handgrip greater than 21% (= largest individual value in controls), 2) TART during greater than TART before handgrip greater than 143 ms or TARTI during handgrip less than 0.14 (= lowest individual value in controls), and 3) DATI during handgrip less than 0.27. According to this definition, all controls showed a negative @entity1062 (specificity: 100%). By contrast, @entity1062 was positive in 54 out of the 63 @entity951 @entity1 (sensitivity: 86%). These results demonstrate that @entity1062 is a highly sensitive stress test for identifying @entity1 with @entity951 by assessing LV diastolic abnormalities. Thus, this quick and simple exercise method represents a new aspect in the clinical evaluation of @entity951 @entity1 for the practicing physician.

title: [Value of the handgrip apex cardiography test for detection of early diastolic @entity67 in XXXX with @entity951 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['HAT', 'handgrip-apexcardiographic test']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the identity of microorganisms isolated from @entity1 diagnosed with @entity298 ( @entity298 ). METHODS: We reviewed cases diagnosed with @entity298 over a 14-year period. The medical records of 780 @entity298 -diagnosed @entity1 with decompensated @entity82 and @entity843 admitted to Tangdu Hospital, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China were retrospectively reviewed between January 1996 and December 2009. The @entity1 were placed into 2 groups, and the clinical data were compared between the 2 groups. Ascitic fluid was collected from these @entity1 and cultured for bacteria using the MicroScan WalkAway 40 system. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the ratio of pathogens between group A (48 @entity1 , from January 1996 to December 2002) and group B (50 @entity1 , from January 2003 to December 2009) (    =9.630, p=0.002). The @entity298 @entity1 with gram-positive bacteria needed significantly more antibiotics within 30 days compared to those with gram-negative bacteria (    =12.285, p=0.000). CONCLUSION: In recent years, the types of isolated pathogens have significantly changed in northern China. Such changes have also been observed in other countries and have been attributed to long-term antibiotic therapy and invasive procedures. Changes in the epidemiology of pathogens that cause @entity298 must be monitored for optimal treatment.

title: Pathogens of XXXX change in northern China.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['SBP', 'spontaneous bacterial peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['spontaneous bacterial peritonitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adjuvant hormonotherapy for @entity263 @entity1 after radical radiotherapy has a well-established value. However, the impact of such treatment on the @entity1 ' quality of life remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to assess the impact of adjuvant hormonotherapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue after radical radiotherapy on @entity148 and @entity308 levels, cognitive function, sexual function and quality of life of @entity263 @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups of @entity1 were tested: @entity1 treated with adjuvant hormonotherapy (88 @entity1 ) and @entity1 without hormonotherapy (61 @entity1 ). @entity148 , @entity308 and cognitive functions were evaluated. @entity1 answered questions addressing problems linked to hormonal equilibrium. The @entity1 rated their mental status, physical status, quality of life and quality of their relationship. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between @entity1 on hormonotherapy and without hormonotherapy in the level of @entity148 and @entity308 (p = 0.844 and p = 0.954) as well as in cognitive function (p = 0.661). Satisfactory sexual performance was preserved in 9/65 @entity1 (14%) on hormonotherapy and the same was applied to 19/49 @entity1 (39%) without hormonotherapy. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.003). Hormonotherapy was associated with decreased libido (p = 0.031), hot flushes (p < 0.001) and sweating (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in the self-rated physical and psychological well-being (p = 0.476 and p = 0.597), quality of life (p = 0.622) and quality of relationship (p = 0.064). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant hormonotherapy enhances neither @entity148 nor @entity308 , does not impair cognitive function but has a negative effect on the @entity1 ' sexual function. It does not worsen self-rated quality of relationship and quality of life.

title: Does pharmacological castration as adjuvant therapy for XXXX after radiotherapy affect @entity148 and @entity308 levels, cognitive functions and quality of life?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the activity of @entity1014 phosphorylase (TP) and the @entity1015 ( @entity1015 ) expression in @entity1204 . METHODS: The study group consisted of 40 tissue samples taken from @entity1 with @entity1204 , who underwent surgery in First Clinic of Gynecology and Oncologic Gynecology of Medical University in Lodz. The control tissue samples were taken from @entity1 who were operated on for non-oncologic reason. The activity of TP was measured by the spectrophotometric method in the cytosol of @entity5 cells, and the immunohistochemical staining of @entity1015 was performed in the same @entity5 . The results of TP activity were compared with the @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) assessed by immunohistochemical analysis and with clinico-pathological features like @entity5 grade and FIGO stage. RESULT: A positive correlation between the enzyme activity and expression of TP/ @entity1015 protein was found. Moreover a significantly higher TP activity was confirmed in @entity5 from @entity1204 @entity1 when compared to the controls. A positive correlation between the enzyme activity and @entity2101 was also stated, but there was no connection to the grade of @entity5 and FIGO stage. Since the TP activity proved to be related to @entity1015 expression and angiogenesis, we can state that TP seems to be an active form of @entity1015 growth factor in @entity1204 . This is in agreement with the results of many publications on other @entity5 . The proper modulation of this activity may be useful in adjuvant therapies.

title: [The XXXX phosphorylase as the platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor of @entity1204 ].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1015 :: ('1890', 'Gene') :: ['PD-ECGF', 'platelet derived-endothelial cell growth factor']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['microvessel density', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['thymidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the control of @entity2338 and @entity442 in @entity2012 in routine clinical practice in the UK on and off medical treatment. DESIGN: The UK @entity2012 Register collected routine biochemical and clinical data on @entity1 with @entity2012 from 31 UK centres with @entity2338 data covering >30y. @entity1 : We identified 2572 @entity1 . @entity1943 analogues (SMS) were used in 40  6% and @entity935 agonists (DA) in 41  4%. MEASUREMENTS: We identified 29,181 @entity2338 records linked to data on @entity442 , surgery, radiotherapy and medical treatment and derived data on 9900 distinct Periods of Care including 4206 courses of medical treatment. We considered @entity2338 controlled when  <=2   g/l. RESULTS: Control of @entity2338 and @entity442 improved over time, particularly on medical treatment. Control on medical treatment was better after prior surgery and/or radiotherapy. On long-term SMS, @entity2338 was controlled in 75%, @entity442 in 69% and both in 55%; on long-term DA, @entity2338 control was similar but @entity442 worse (77%/55%/45%). Responses to long-term treatment with @entity2390 LAR and @entity18245 autogel were broadly similar, but we noted a failure to escalate SMS to maximal effective dose. Increasing precourse @entity2338 levels were associated with a decreasing proportion who achieved control, despite greater suppression from baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Control of @entity2012 in the UK is improving, but 'safe' @entity2338 levels are still only achieved in 75% on long-term medical treatment, with @entity2338 and @entity442 both normalized in no more than 55% on SMS and 36% on @entity9229 . It remains unclear whether the control of @entity2338 , but not @entity442 , observed in many @entity1 is sufficient to restore long-term morbidity and mortality to normal.

title: Control of growth hormone and @entity442 in @entity1 with XXXX in the UK: responses to medical treatment with @entity1943 analogues and @entity935 agonists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly', 'Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity18245 :: ('MESH:C060347', 'Chemical') :: ['lanreotide']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of an @entity42 relies on its nature, and accurate preoperative discrimination of benign and malignant cysts is therefore of crucial importance. This study was undertaken to review the literature concerning the preoperative diagnosis and treatment of @entity42 . METHODS: Articles concerning @entity42 from a medline literature search during the period 1985-2003 were included in addition to articles found as references in the initial publications. RESULTS: Different methods for discriminating between benign and malignant @entity42 are discussed. The diagnosis and the treatment are assessed in relation to age, menopausal status, pregnancy, and whether the cyst is presumed to be benign or malignant. In general, expectant management is the choice in premenopausal and pregnant @entity1 with non-suspicious cysts and normal levels of @entity10224 . In postmenopausal @entity1 , unilocular, anechoic cysts less than 5 cm in diameter together with a normal @entity10224 may be followed up. Operation is recommended in @entity1 with cysts larger than 5 cm and/or elevated levels of @entity10224 . @entity1 with symptoms should be operated regardless of age, menopausal status, or ultrasound findings. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative discrimination between benign and malignant @entity42 is a challenge. Multimodal methods improve the results of single modalities, but we still need improved preoperative diagnostic tools. Furthermore, these methods should be validated in consecutive @entity1 populations large enough to give a reliable estimate of the method's sensitivity and specificity.

title: Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst', 'ovarian cysts']

answer: @entity42 :: (MESH:D010048,Disease) :: ['ovarian cysts']


abstract: Inbred @entity19 show strain-specific differences in the hippocampal mossy fiber projection. These differences are most pronounced in the portion of the projection that forms synaptic connections with the basal dendrites of the @entity4779 pyramidal neurons [intra- and infrapyramidal mossy fiber (IIP-MF) projection]. We have previously demonstrated that the extent of the IIP-MF subfield is positively correlated with the capacity to perform a spatial radial-maze task and that an experimentally induced @entity1283 , by means of postnatal @entity1955 treatment, predicted the ability of adult two-way avoidance learning. In the present study, we tested whether this treatment would also influence radial-maze performance. Forty-five male @entity19 pups from the inbred strain DBA/2 (chosen because of scanty IIP-MF projection and poor radial-maze learning) were divided into three groups that received daily injections of either 2 micrograms @entity1955 , an alkaline vehicle solution, or physiological saline. Treatment lasted from postnatal days 0 to 11. At the age of 3 months, these animals were tested in an eight-arm radial maze. The extent of their IIP-MF projections was measured by means of planimetry on Timm-stained sections. @entity1955 -treated animals made significantly fewer errors and had larger IIP-MF projections as compared to both control groups. Within each group, the individual variability of the IIP-MF projection was significantly and positively correlated with performance. We conclude that experimentally modified IIP-MF projections mediate processes underlying spatial working memory. It would appear that the hippocampal circuitry alterations induced by postnatal @entity1378 can counteract a hereditary lack of talent, albeit only partially and in selected populations.

title: Early postnatal XXXX alters hippocampal circuitry and improves radial-maze learning in adult @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of the IIP-MFs']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'L-thyroxine', 'Thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity56 , @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ), has dramatically increased in the past few decades and multicentre, standardized, randomized epidemiological studies are required to quantify this phenomenon in Poland. AIM: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of @entity2490 and @entity2023 in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The ECAP study was conducted using the ECRHS II and ISAAC questionnaires translated into the Polish language and validated, in selected nine regions of Poland, including eight cities and one rural area. The respondents within the regions were selected by means of multistage proportional stratified random sampling based on the identity number (PESEL) as the operat. The survey was conducted in 20,454 subjects (response rate of 41.9%) and 18,617 questionnaires were valid. Approximately 25% of the subjects (n=4783) were subsequently evaluated by clinicians (response rate of 43.4%). RESULTS: @entity2490 was self-reported by 36.08% of the respondents (37.8% of 6- 7-year-olds, 34.5% of 13- 14-year-olds, and 36.0% of adults). The lowest prevalence rate was in the rural region (22.9%). @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) was self-reported by 22.54% of the respondents (23.6% of 6- 7-year-olds, 24.6% of 13- 14-year-olds, and 21.0% of adults). Again, the lowest prevalence rate was in the rural region (16.0%). @entity2023 was more frequent in males (24.0%) than in females (21.2%) (OR = 1.079; 95% CI: 1.044-1.116). @entity2023 was actually diagnosed by a clinician in 28.9%, including intermittent @entity2023 in 47.7% and persistent @entity2023 in 52.3%. Seasonal @entity2023 was diagnosed in 15.55%, and @entity9590 in 15.2%. CONCLUSION: @entity2023 is common in Poland as it affects nearly 25% of the population and it is a major social problem. Standards of early detection and prevention of @entity2023 should be introduced.

title: Prevalence of @entity2490 in Polish population according to the ECAP (Epidemiology of XXXX in Poland) study.

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'AR', 'especially allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis', 'Rhinitis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic Disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is very important for the clinical management to test for minor @entity2858 resistance mutations accurately and sensitively. The conventional genotypic assays of @entity645 drug resistance detection based on sequencing can only discriminate the mutations which present in more than 20% - 30%. The aim of this study was to evaluate allele-specific real-time PCR (ASPCR) to detect the resistance-related mutations located at positions 103, 184 and 215. METHODS: We developed the allele-specific PCR assay, using the most common drug resistance mutations in Chinese @entity791 @entity1 , @entity19898 , @entity19899 /I, @entity28527 /Y as a model system. The standards were constructed by cloning the wild-type and mutant DNA fragments into the T-vector. We designed specific primers to discriminate mutant templates in the real-time PCR using SYBR green as a fluorescence reporter. And then we evaluated the ASPCR assay and tested 140 clinical samples using this method. RESULTS: The sensitivities of ASPCR assay were 0.04% for @entity19898 , 0.30% for @entity24539 , 0.40% for @entity19899 , 0.03% for @entity28527 and 0.02% for @entity24542 . The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 0.42. One hundred and forty plasma samples were tested by ASPCR and dynamic resistance curves of ten @entity1 were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Drug resistance emerged half a year after the start of antiretroviral therapy. The mutation of @entity24542 emerged 1 to 1.5 years after starting treatment and then increased rapidly. The ASPCR assay we developed was a sensitive, accurate and rapid method to detect the minor @entity2858 variants and it can provide earlier and more drug-resistance information for @entity645 research and @entity791 antiretroviral therapy.

title: Allele-specific real-time PCR testing for minor XXXX drug resistance mutations: assay preparation and application to reveal dynamic of mutations in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatic @entity3181 is an uncommon but serious complication after right lobe living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Failure to recognize and treat this complication early can result in graft failure and even death. The early diagnosis and management of hepatic @entity3181 has become an important issue. METHOD: We report a case with this complication treated by endovascular stent placement in the early period after right lobe LDLT and review related reports to explore the possible mechanism. RESULTS: A 44-year-old @entity1 with end-stage @entity1956 liver @entity82 underwent right lobe LDLT. On postoperative day 13, his liver function deteriorated and he developed refractory ascites for maximal diuretic therapy. Hepatic venography showed a @entity850 with an element of torsion of the venous drainage proximal to the @entity99 . The @entity850 was successfully treated by insertion of an expandable metallic stent. CONCLUSIONS: The result demonstrates that stent placement for @entity850 is safe and effective. We suspect that rapid @entity1184 of an asymmetric right lobe graft may result in hepatic @entity3181 caused by twisting or external compression of the hepatic veins.

title: Treatment of hepatic XXXX after living donor liver transplantation by insertion of an expandable metallic stent.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['venous outflow stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis of the right hepatic venous orifice and inferior vena cava']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['venous outflow stenosis']


abstract: AIMS: It is unclear which @entity1 with @entity1241 ( @entity1241 ) are likely to benefit from physiotherapy treatment, which is relevant for medical decision making and @entity1 counseling. This study aimed to identify @entity1 characteristics predicting a favorable outcome of physiotherapy. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with @entity1241 , with a mean age of 59.3 (SD    11.9), were recruited at the Maastricht University Medical Centre and enrolled in a randomized controlled trial, which assessed the effect of adding rectal balloon training to pelvic floor muscle training. Treatment groups were combined for prediction modeling. Candidate predictors were obtained from demographics, medical history, physical examination, baseline tests, questionnaires, and physiotherapy diagnostics. Favorable outcome was defined as a combination of: (i) Vaizey score reduction >=  5 points, and (ii) "slightly" to "very much improved" on the nine-point global perceived effect score. Predictors were identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 (46.3%) had a favorable outcome. Multivariable analysis showed that longer time since @entity1241 onset appeared to be associated with an unfavorable outcome (odds ratio [OR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-1.00; P = 0.05), whereas the use of constipating medication (OR, 3.79; CI, 0.99-14.51; P = 0.05), any obstetric factor (OR, 2.15; CI, 0.94-4.89; P = 0.07), and experiencing minor embarrassment (OR, 2.12; CI, 1.10-4.09; P = 0.03) predicted a favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The small subset of identified predictors for a favorable outcome may be relevant in @entity1 counseling and targeting physiotherapy treatment more efficiently, especially as they are available early in the diagnostic process.

title: Predictors of a favorable outcome of physiotherapy in XXXX : secondary analysis of a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence', 'FI']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: Major hepatic resection (MHR) was performed in three @entity1 with secondary @entity96 (SMLT). MHR and extirpation of the primary @entity5 were done synchronously. There were two males and one female age 49, 52 and 65 years respectively. All were in liver functional Class B ( @entity1 's). Right hepatectomy and right hemicolectomy were done in one @entity1 ; while the others required: (1) left hepatectomy and middle colectomy in one @entity1 ; (2) left hepatectomy, middle colectomy total gastrectomy, splenectomy and middle colectomy in continuity in the last @entity1 . They all tolerated the surgery and were discharged 16 to 24 days after surgery. Histology was @entity420 in two @entity1 and @entity5 in one @entity1 . One @entity1 died 14 months after resection from recurrent @entity5 and @entity1578 . The other two @entity1 have been followed up for 21 months and nine months. They are well and show no evidence of @entity5 recurrence. It is concluded that MHR is indicated in selected @entity1 with SMLT. The short term and medium term results are better than the usual palliative management but case selection should be on criteria enunciated below.

title: Major hepatic resection for secondary XXXX of the liver--case studies from eastern Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid tumour', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety, feasibility and short-term efficacy of laparoscopic surgery in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: From January 2008 to January 2010, a total of 108 @entity1 with @entity5 at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University were divided into 2 groups by different treatments: laparoscopic resection group (LR, n = 63) and conventional open resection group (OR, n = 45). The choice of two surgical options was based on @entity1 's desire. The outcomes of two @entity1 groups with radical surgery were prospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Seven cases were converted into open surgery from the laparoscopic group. The operative durations in the LR and OR groups were (246    57) min and (229    53) min respectively (P > 0.05). The laparoscopic group had a lesser amount of @entity190 during surgery ((51    20) ml vs (110    41) ml, P < 0.05). The time needed for the recovery of gastrointestinal functions in the laparoscopic group was significantly shorter than that in the open surgery group ((3.0    0.8) d vs (3.7    1.3) d, P < 0.05). In terms of the length of specimen, the range of radical surgery and the rate of complication, no significant difference were found between two groups (all P > 0.05). The numbers of dissected lymph nodes were 13 and 12 cases respectively (P > 0.05). No instance of incision implantation, local recurrence or short-term @entity204 was found in neither group. There was 2 cases with lung metastasis in the LR group and 2 cases with the metastasis of liver and lung in the OR group. CONCLUSION: As a safe, feasible, effective and mini-invasive with similar radical resection and satisfactory short-term outcomes, laparoscopic surgery for low-middle @entity5 has better prospects in the future.

title: [Evaluation of short-term efficacy and safety after laparoscopic resection for mid-low XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['middle-low rectal cancer', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: This study addresses the role of the lipid peroxidation product, @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ), in @entity1068 -related damage of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in vivo. It utilizes an animal model with acute @entity1068 exposure in which @entity13789 levels in liver mitochondria are strikingly increased. Pregnant female @entity35 were administered 5 doses of @entity1068 (4 gm/kg, po at 12-hour intervals) beginning on day 17 of gestation and were sacrificed on day 19. Controls were pair-fed and received @entity413 isocaloric to @entity1068 . Mitochondria were isolated from maternal and fetal livers and COX activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Compared with the pair-fed controls, COX activity was decreased with exposure to @entity1068 by 25% in maternal @entity35 and 43% in fetal @entity35 (P<.05). Western Blot with an @entity13789 - @entity3793 antibody showed enhanced formation of @entity13789 adducts with COX from @entity1068 -exposed @entity35 , which was more pronounced in fetal than in adult livers. The @entity13789 adducts were mainly with subunit IV of COX. The cause and effect relationship between @entity13789 adduct formation and COX inhibition was examined in vitro by incubating purified COX with @entity13789 . COX inhibition was accompanied by concentration-dependent @entity13789 adduct formation that was consistent with those found in in vivo @entity1068 -exposed samples. These results suggest that the @entity1068 -related decreases in COX activity found in liver mitochondria could be attributable to @entity13789 adduct formation with the enzyme complex. This could be an important mechanism by which modification of proteins occur in in vivo oxidative stress.

title: Formation of @entity11838 adducts with cytochrome c oxidase in @entity35 following short-term XXXX intake.

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['Histidine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxynonenal']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Fetal cell microchimerism (FCM) is defined as the persistence, for decades after pregnancy, of fetal cells in maternal organs and circulation without any apparent rejection. We recently reported evidence, in @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) tissues, supporting a possible role of FCM in @entity5 damage and repair. To extend those data at the peripheral level, 106 @entity1 with a previous male pregnancy, comprising 57 with @entity3557 and 49 healthy controls were enrolled. The presence of circulating male DNA was assessed by the amplification of the Y chromosome-specific gene @entity16438 , with a sensitivity of 1 male cell per 1 million female cells. Moreover, to compare the microchimeric status in blood and in @entity5 , the neoplastic tissues of 19 @entity1 were studied. At the blood level, a significantly lower frequency of FCM was found in parous @entity1 with @entity3557 with respect to controls (49.1% vs. 77.6%; p = 0.002). By PCR, male DNA was identified in the @entity5 tissues of 6 @entity1 , and FISH analyses confirmed the presence of microchimeric cells (range 2.1-6.9 cells/section). In some @entity1 , FCM was negative in the blood, whereas microchimeric cells were identified in the @entity5 . In conclusion, the prevalence of FCM in peripheral blood was found to be significantly lower in @entity1 than in healthy controls. The presence of microchimeric cells in the @entity5 , but not at the peripheral level, supports the hypothesis that fetal cells could reside in maternal niches and could be recruited to diseased areas, where they could differentiate to regenerate damaged tissues.

title: Fetal cell microchimerism in XXXX : studies in peripheral blood and tissues.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alpha blockers are occasionally prescribed for @entity101 so it is important to determine and compare their effects on blood pressure (BP), heart rate and @entity3347 ( @entity3347 ). OBJECTIVES: To quantify the dose-related systolic and/or diastolic BP lowering efficacy of alpha blockers versus placebo in the treatment of primary @entity101 . SEARCH METHODS: For the updated review, we searched CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 4), MEDLINE (1946 to May 2012), EMBASE (1980 to May 2012) and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: Double-blind, randomized, controlled trials evaluating the BP lowering efficacy of fixed-dose monotherapy with an alpha blocker compared with placebo for a duration of 3 to 12 weeks in @entity1 with primary @entity101 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. @entity3347 information was collected from the trials. MAIN RESULTS: Only 10 trials evaluated the dose-related trough BP lowering efficacy of 4 different alpha blockers in 1175 @entity1 with a baseline BP of 155/101 mm Hg. The data do not suggest that any one alpha blocker is better or worse at lowering BP. The best but unsatisfactory estimate of the trough BP lowering efficacy for alpha blockers is -8/-5 mmHg. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Based on the limited number of published RCTs, the BP lowering effect of alpha blockers is modest; the estimate of the magnitude of trough BP lowering of -8/-5 mmHg is likely an overestimate. There are no clinically meaningful BP lowering differences between different alpha blockers. The review did not provide a good estimate of the incidence of harms associated with alpha blockers because of the short duration of the trials and the lack of reporting of adverse effects in many of the trials.

title: Blood pressure lowering efficacy of alpha blockers for primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawals due to adverse effects', 'WDAE']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of @entity1 with @entity354 ( @entity354 ) present with atypical symptoms (extraesophageal reflux; EER). The effectiveness of surgical fundoplication in treating classical @entity304 is well documented, but the role of surgery in alleviating EER symptoms is less clear. The aim of this study was to review the published literature to determine whether surgical fundoplication is effective in controlling EER. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane database search was done to find articles on surgery for extraesophageal reflux (1991-2006). Articles on pediatric @entity1 were excluded. The parameters looked at were @entity1 selection, resolution of symptoms, change in the quality of life, and any adverse outcomes. RESULTS: In 25 studies, a variable proportion (15-95%) of @entity1 with various symptoms of EOR improved after surgical fundoplication. The percentage of @entity1 with EER responding to surgery was less than that reported for classical @entity354 . CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 in most studies seem to improve symptomatically after surgery. However, a small percentage remains unchanged or worsens. The reported studies are so disparate in their methodology that firm conclusions on the role of surgery are difficult. Further studies are needed. These should be large, multicenter, prospective trials comparing medical and surgical treatment with standardized diagnostic criteria for EER. Pre- and post-treatment assessment, the type of surgery performed, and follow-up should be standardized.

title: Outcome of surgical fundoplication for extraesophageal (atypical) manifestations of XXXX in adults: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of @entity2686 ( @entity2686 ) in a neurology outpatient population in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to December 2011 in a tertiary care, university-affiliated hospital. All consecutive @entity1 citing @entity10 as their chief complaint were asked to participate in a face-to-face interview with a qualified @entity10 specialist and to complete a detailed self-administered questionnaire. The diagnosis of @entity2686 was made according to the International Classification of @entity2794 , Second Edition (ICHD-II). RESULTS: Of the 1,526 @entity10 @entity1 screened, 26 were diagnosed with @entity2686 (6 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 ). Mean age at onset was 27        8 years (range, 17-47), and 50% of @entity1 were 20-30 years of age. Of the 26 @entity2686 @entity1 , 61.5% reported that @entity158 was usually centered at the right temporal region, and 69.2% characterized the @entity158 as swelling. Attacks lasted 87 minutes on average and were associated with cranial autonomic symptoms (100%). A seasonal predilection was reported by 69.2% of @entity2686 @entity1 . No @entity1 reported significant changes in @entity158 severity after physical activity. @entity286 use was common (14/26 @entity1 ), and @entity167 was the most frequently cited trigger. CONCLUSIONS: This study details the clinical features of @entity2686 in a neurology outpatient population in China. Compared with Western studies, our @entity1 were different in several aspects including the absence of chronic @entity2686 .

title: Clinical features of XXXX : an outpatient clinic study from China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headache', 'CH']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Headache Disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2686 :: (MESH:D003027,Disease) :: ['cluster headache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 was the seventh leading cause of @entity204 for @entity1 65 and older in @entity739 ( @entity739 ) in 2010. In 2007, fatality rates for both accidental falls and motor vehicle crashes were higher in @entity739 than the nation as a whole. US Census Data from 2010 showed @entity739 to have one of the oldest median ages in the nation (surpassed by Maine and Vermont) and currently 16% of the population of @entity739 is over 65 years of age. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study of data extracted from the John Michael @entity130 Center (JMMTC) @entity130 registry for the time period of January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2014. RESULTS: There were 3,895 @entity1 , aged 65 years or older, treated at the Jon Michael @entity130 Center in Morgantown, @entity739 during the study time period. Accidents accounted for 98.6% of the injuries. The elderly were most commonly injured in their place of residence (59.8%). The top two mechanisms of injury were falls (75.2%) and motor vehicular crashes (13.9%). Frequently, disposition from the Emergency Department was to a higher level of care: Intensive Care Unit (32.3%) and Step-down Unit (21.2%). The most common serious injuries were @entity932 (40.0%), lower extremity @entity174 (38.1%), and spine @entity174 (26.0%). The average hospital stay was 5.6 days and the average ICU stay was 3.2 days. Hospital discharge dispositions frequently resulted in care out of the home; skilled nursing facility (22.0%), rehabilitation facility (15.5%), morgue/funeral home (6.6%), and long-term residential care facility (5.7%). The most common pre-existing medical conditions were @entity101 (71.9%), @entity6 (29.3%), @entity1030 (19.5%), and @entity303 (18.8%). CONCLUSION: Elder West Virginians most frequently are injured in falls and motor vehicular crashes. Pre-existing medical conditions are very common. @entity130 in the elderly creates a significant burden on the @entity1 , their families, and on the health care system in @entity739 . Injury prevention interventions have the potential to diminish the impact of @entity130 on elder West Virginians.

title: XXXX and the Elder West Virginian: A Six Year Review at a Level I @entity130 Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['WV', 'West Virginia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Moore Trauma', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Major Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies on the associations between smoking and @entity56 have mostly focused on @entity565 . Epidemiological studies in adults on the effects of smoking on @entity56 other than @entity565 , such as @entity484 and @entity7370 , have been limited, and the information that is available has been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between smoking status and environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS) exposure and the prevalence of @entity56 . METHODS: Study subjects were 1743 pregnant Japanese @entity1 . The definitions of wheeze and @entity565 were based on criteria from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey whereas those of @entity484 and @entity7370 were based on criteria from the International Study of @entity566 in Childhood. Adjustment was made for age; region of residence; family history of @entity565 , @entity483 , and @entity2023 ; household income; and education. RESULTS: Compared with never smoking, current smoking and >=  4 pack-years of smoking were independently positively associated with the prevalence of wheeze. There were no associations between smoking status and the prevalence of @entity565 , @entity484 , or @entity7370 . When subjects who had never smoked were classified into four categories based on the source of ETS exposure (never, only at home, only at work, and both), exposure occurring both at home and at work was independently associated with an increased prevalence of two outcomes: wheeze and @entity7370 . No relationships were observed between exposure to ETS and the prevalence of @entity565 or @entity484 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence that current smoking and ETS exposure may increase the likelihood of wheeze. The possibility of a positive association between ETS exposure and @entity7370 was also suggested.

title: Smoking and prevalence of @entity56 in Japanese pregnant @entity1 : baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and XXXX Health Study.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate and speculate on the dietary habits and certain environmental factors of the Southeast Anatolia region which are thought to be related with @entity2241 development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 admitted to Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology Department with fetal anomalies between January 2003 and June 2007 were evaluated. Three hundred and fifteen @entity1 with @entity2241 were detected. The number of total deliveries during this period were 7,554. Twenty-eight of the @entity1 were above the age of 35. According to the history of @entity1 , mean gravidity was 6.6 (1-13), consanguineous marriage rate was 25%, previous abnormal rate was 15%, and previous missed abortion was 35%. Eighty-eight percent of @entity1 were of low sociocultural status. The frequency of daily dietary habits, especially tea consumption, red @entity5793 and eating barbecued meat were questioned with the anamnesis. RESULTS: @entity2241 incidence was found to be 4.17%, neural tube defects 1.37%, @entity8 0.54%, non-immune fetal hydrops 0.46%, @entity3609 0.39%, central @entity3002 0.36%, @entity2008 0.17%, @entity344 0.147%, sacrococcygeal teratoma 0.12%, @entity299 0.09%, and @entity17220 0.049%. Mean daily tea comsumption during pregnancy was 8 cups/day. Mean frequency of eating barbecued meat was 4 times/week. Mean @entity5793 was 10 g/day. CONCLUSION: In this study, four times higher @entity2241 incidence appeared to be strongly correlated with Southeast Anatolia region's dietary habits. In the future monitoring @entity1 's dietary habits should have an important role in the prevention of @entity2241 development.

title: Role of dietary habits on @entity2241 development: review of 315 XXXX cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic hygroma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity17220 :: ('MESH:D015619', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory system anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['nervous system anomalies']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal system anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5793 :: ('MESH:C536438', 'Disease') :: ['chili pepper consumption']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['overall fetal anomaly', 'intrauterine fetal anomaly', 'Total fetal anomaly', 'fetal anomaly']

answer: @entity2241 :: (MESH:D005315,Disease) :: ['consecutive fetal anomaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is generally held that basal @entity2690 substitution with continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion (CSII) provides less variable @entity413 levels than with long-acting @entity2690 analogs, e.g., glargine, in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 , although this has not been convincingly demonstrated by continuous @entity413 monitoring. METHODS: To compare @entity413 control assessed by a continuous @entity413 monitoring system (CGMS) during basal @entity2690 substitution with glargine versus CSII, we conducted a non-blinded, randomized, crossover trial in 15 type 1 @entity6 @entity1 experienced with CSII. All subjects were randomly assigned to receive either a morning dose of @entity2690 glargine, comprising their average 24-h basal @entity2690 requirement, minus 2.4 U, which was delivered by the pump, or to continue as before for 4 weeks followed by a 1-week washout period and a crossover. All mealtime doses of @entity2690 were given by the pump as before. CGMS data were blinded until the end of the study. RESULTS: The mean blood @entity413 was lower in the non-glargine arm according to self-monitoring of plasma @entity413 (9.2 vs. 10.6 mmol/L; P = 0.010) and CGMS (9.1 vs. 10.3 mmol/L; P = 0.002), and hemoglobin A1c was 6.5% without glargine versus 6.8% with (P = 0.018). There were no significant differences in @entity413 variability measured as SD of plasma @entity413 (SDPG) or mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), although significantly longer periods of @entity413 values spent within the target of 4.5-10.0 mmol/L were demonstrated in the non-glargine arm using CGMS (P = 0.034). More episodes below 3.5 mmol/L were seen during the CSII period (P = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS: CSII provided improved @entity413 control compared to glargine with a lower mean plasma @entity413 and longer periods of @entity413 values within target on a somewhat lower @entity2690 dose. There was a tendency with more episodes below 3.5 mmol/L during CSII. No difference with respect to @entity413 variability was found when calculated as SDPG or MAGE.

title: Basal @entity2690 substitution with glargine or continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion in adult type 1 @entity6 XXXX -a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and the characteristics of @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) recurrences. The research questions were as follows: (1) Are @entity1643 recurrences common? (2) Do @entity2749 worsen with multiple recurrences? (3) Does @entity158 change location in any recognizable pattern during an episode? DESIGN: Single-page self-administered questionnaire. SETTING: Thirty clinical practices (primary care, physical therapy, chiropractic, and surgical spine) in North America and Europe. @entity1 : A convenience sample of 589 respondents with @entity1643 . There were no exclusions based on type of @entity1643 , history of onset, or comorbidities. METHODS: The survey was distributed during @entity1 ' assessment or initial treatment at their respective clinics. The survey queried the following: (1) the severity of original versus most recent @entity2749 based on the following: @entity158 intensity, interference with leisure and work activities, duration of @entity2749 , and most distal extent of @entity158 ; and (2) changes in @entity158 location within @entity2749 . RESULTS: In response to research question 1, a previous episode was reported by 73%; of those, 66.1% reported their first episode lasted  <=3 months, 54% reported >= 10 @entity2749 , and 19.4% reported >50 @entity2749 . In response to research question 2, of those with recurrences, 61.1% reported that at least one of the survey domains was worse in recent @entity2749 (P < .01) and only 36.9% reported that they were better; 20.5% were worse in all domains, whereas 8.6% were better or the same. In response to research question 3, the @entity158 location changed during the episode in 75.6%; of these, 63.2% reported that their @entity158 first spread distally before retreating proximally during recovery; there was a strong trend toward those reporting worsening @entity2749 also reporting proximal-to-distal-to-proximal changes in @entity158 location during their @entity2749 (r = 0.132, P < .06). CONCLUSION: Recurrent @entity1643 were common and numerous. Recurrences often worsened over time. It seems inappropriate to characterize the typical course of @entity1643 as benign and favorable.

title: Is it time to rethink the typical course of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP episodes', 'LBP']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) for the treatment of @entity5 is a relatively rare and complex operation that may contribute to differences in utilization. We sought to characterize the use of @entity1600 between different categories of @entity5 center facilities in the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The National @entity5 Database was queried for @entity1 with @entity2971 treated at different types of @entity5 centers between 1998 and 2011. The proportion of @entity1 who underwent @entity1600 was stratified by stage and histology and then compared between treatment facilities. @entity1600 utilization was then compared between facility types as a function of time. RESULTS: A total of 59,652 @entity1 met inclusion criteria and 5,475 (9.2%) underwent @entity1600 . The proportion of @entity1 treated with @entity1600 for @entity10711 ( @entity10711 ) was significantly different between @entity5 center types for all stages (P<0.001) and used most often in academic comprehensive @entity5 centers. There was no difference in the proportion of @entity1600 utilization for stage II and III @entity4797 stratified by treatment facility. There was a significantly decreased trend in the utilization of @entity1600 for stage I (P = 0.032) @entity10711 whereas utilization was increased for stage III @entity10711 (P <=0.001) over the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity1 undergoing @entity1600 for @entity10711 varies significantly by the type of @entity5 center and is used most often in academic @entity5 centers. Utilization of @entity1600 decreased for stage I @entity10711 and increased for stage III NSGCTs during the study period.

title: Utilization of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for @entity5 in the United States: Results from the National XXXX Database (1998-2011).

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['RPLND', 'Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['NSGCT', 'non-seminomatous germ cell tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a salvage maneuver for accidental coverage of both renal arteries during @entity439 repair (EVAR) of @entity449 ( @entity449 ) and survey our surgical colleagues in the UK for their use of this bypass procedure. METHODS: A 74-year-old @entity1 who had an EVAR complicated by @entity177 secondary to malposition of the stent-graft underwent successful delayed renal revascularization with hepatorenal and splenorenal bypasses. This case prompted a literature review and preparation of an online 6-part questionnaire regarding the incidence and management of @entity8 following EVAR. The survey invitation was sent to all listed members of the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland. RESULTS: Responses from 68 (10.5%) of the 650 vascular surgeons invited to participate in the survey were analyzed. The combined experience of those who completed the survey was >1500 EVAR procedures per annum. Forty percent (27/68) of the respondents had experienced a case of bilateral @entity432 during EVAR. Two thirds (67%, 18/27) of these surgeons stated a preference for revascularizing the kidneys endovascularly, 7 surgeons would convert to open repair, 1 surgeon favored iliorenal bypass, and another suggested splenorenal bypass. Following intervention, 15 (56%) of 27 surgeons achieved revascularization that resulted in a return to baseline serum @entity1011 , 7 (26%) achieved partial recovery of the patient's serum @entity1011 , 3 (11%) had a @entity1 on permanent dialysis, and 2 (7%) had @entity1 who died (after open repair and endovascular procedure, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity432 caused by malposition of a stent-graft is probably underreported. If revascularization of the kidneys by endovascular techniques fails, there is no consensus as to the optimal approach. Delayed revascularization should be considered if the kidneys show concentration of imaging contrast. Hepato-spleno-renal bypass, which has not heretofore been indicated for @entity8 post EVAR, can provide a good functional result in this situation.

title: Delayed @entity8 for XXXX following malposition of an infrarenal aortic stent-graft.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal salvage', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['AAA', 'an infrarenal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery occlusion', 'Bilateral renal artery occlusion']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal salvage']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether the time from diagnosis to randomization was related to outcome in a clinical trial of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) insertion in @entity296 . BACKGROUND: Whether the duration of @entity296 is related to arrhythmic risk and the possible benefit of @entity737 insertion is unknown. METHODS: The Defibrillators in @entity296 Treatment Evaluation (DEFINITE) trial randomized 458 @entity1 with @entity384 and a left ventricular ejection fraction <36% to receive standard medical therapy with or without an @entity737 . @entity1 were randomized regardless of the duration of known @entity296 as long as a reversible cause of @entity1002 was not present. @entity1 were divided into recently and remotely diagnosed @entity296 groups based on the time from diagnosis of @entity296 to randomization. To categorize @entity1 , cut points of three and nine months were used. RESULTS: @entity1 with recently diagnosed @entity296 who received an @entity737 had better survival than those treated with standard therapy at both cut points. This difference in survival was significant at three months (p < 0.05) and was borderline significant at nine months (p = 0.058). @entity1 with remotely diagnosed @entity296 did not have a significant survival benefit with @entity737 insertion, but there were no significant differences between @entity737 benefit in the recent and remote diagnosis groups (p = 0.17 and 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who have a recent @entity296 diagnosis do not have any less @entity737 benefit than those with a remote diagnosis. Thus, @entity737 therapy should be considered in such @entity1 as soon as they are identified as long as a reversible cause of @entity1002 is excluded.

title: XXXX with recently diagnosed @entity296 benefit from implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'nonischemic cardiomyopathy', 'Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity580 ( @entity580 ) and other health service utilisation data are based upon International Classification of Disease version 10 (ICD-10) diagnostic clinical codes used in relation to presentations to hospital. No previous studies have reported the validity of clinical coding in identifying @entity1 who present with @entity137 . AIM: To determine the proportion of presentations with @entity137 that have been appropriately coded using the ICD-10 diagnostic coding system. DESIGN: Retrospective review of diagnostic codes applied to @entity137 presentations. METHODS: Presentations to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with @entity137 were identified for a 12-month period. Diagnostic codes applied to these presentations were obtained, and the proportion that were appropriate ' @entity137 ' diagnostic codes was determined. RESULTS: There were 484 presentations with @entity137 between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2008. 145 (30.0%) presentations had one or more diagnostic code(s) relating to that presentation. Of these, only 64 (44.1% of all coded presentations; 13.2% of all @entity341 presentations) had been coded with a primary ICD-10 code that related to @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights that @entity137 presentations are not appropriately coded within the currently available ICD-10 clinical diagnostic codes. Further work is needed to determine how @entity137 -related presentations are coded by clinical coders to determine the optimal method to ensure that the true burden of @entity137 is captured and adequate services are provided for this burden.

title: ICD-10 coding: poor identification of recreational drug presentations to a large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['acute recreational drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['HES', 'Hospital episode statistics']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between the menopausal status and related hormonal variation of @entity53 with plasma lipid concentrations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty premenopausal @entity1 and fifty postmenopausal @entity1 subjects were selected. Data was collected through clinical evaluation from questionnaires and laboratory investigations. Plasma @entity53 and lipid profile determinations were done by using competitive binding immunoassay methods and enzymatic methods respectively. Student's T test and Pearson's test of correlation were used for the statistical analysis. P-values of < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in serum Total @entity165 (TC), @entity1674 (TG), LDL- @entity165 and VLDL- @entity165 levels in post-menopausal @entity1 . HDL- @entity165 level was significantly decreased in post-menopausal @entity1 . The calculated atherogenic index (Total @entity165 /HDL ratio) was significantly increased in post-menopausal @entity1 as compared to that in premenopausal @entity1 . @entity53 concentration was significantly lower (p<0.001) in post-menopausal @entity1 . DISCUSSION: @entity2931 changes the vascular permeability by increasing @entity3810 production. It maintains a healthy lipoprotein profile. It stabilizes the endothelial cells, enhances antioxidant effect and alters fibrinolysis protein. All these cardioprotective mechanisms are lost in menopause. Postmenopausal @entity1 develop an increased risk for @entity65 . CONCLUSION: Menopause leads to changes in lipid profile by reducing HDL, and elevating Total @entity165 (TC), @entity1674 (TG), LDL- @entity165 and VLDL- @entity165 , thus increasing the risk for @entity65 . These changes are caused by reduced @entity2931 concentrations which are seen in menopause.

title: A comparative study of lipid profile and @entity53 in pre- and post-menopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['Oestrogen', 'oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglycerides', 'triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', 'Oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the response rate (RR), @entity137 , progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of the @entity1 with recurrent or @entity43 ( @entity43 ), who had oral @entity2879 at dosage of 75 mg/day. MATERIAL AND METHOD: @entity1 with recurrent or refractory @entity43 who were treated with oral @entity2879 between January 1998 and December 2007 were identified from the Archive of the Gynecologic Oncology Unit of the institution. Clinical and pathological data were reviewed. RESULTS: During the present study period, 38 @entity1 receiving oral @entity2879 were identified. Median age was 51 years (range, 33-72 years). Seven @entity1 could not tolerate chemotherapy side effects during the first cycle, leaving 31 @entity1 evaluable for response. The overall RR was 25.8% (8/31 @entity1 ), 19.4% complete (6/31) and 6.4% partial responses (2/31). Stable diseases were demonstrated in 19.4% (6/31) while progressive diseases were found in 54.8% (17/31). The median PFS was 4.8 months (range, 3.3-6.4 months) with 2-year PFS of 16.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-31.4%) while median OS was 12.0 months (range, 0.75-25.5 months) and 2-year OS was 36.4% (95% CI, 17.4-55.3%). The main @entity137 was @entity344 . CONCLUSION: Oral @entity2879 at a daily dosage of 75 mg is an active agent for refractory or recurrent @entity43 . Gastrointestinal symptom is the most common side effect. This oral chemotherapeutic agent has some advantages over other drugs in terms of convenience for administration and fewer visits.

title: Oral XXXX for refractory or recurrent @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epithelial ovarian cancer', 'EOC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal side effect']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: Thymic atrophy is known to occur during @entity281 ; however, there is limited understanding of its causes and of the cross-talk between different pathways. This study investigates mechanisms involved in thymic atrophy during a model of @entity281 by @entity2491 ( @entity2491 ). Significant death of @entity1961 (+) CD8(+) thymocytes, but not of single-positive thymocytes or peripheral lymphocytes, is observed at later stages during infection with live, but not heat-killed, bacteria. The death of @entity1961 (+) CD8(+) thymocytes is Fas-independent as shown by infection studies with lpr @entity19 . However, apoptosis occurs with lowering of mitochondrial potential and higher @entity185 activity. The amounts of @entity701 , a glucocorticoid, and interferon-y (IFN-y), an inflammatory cytokine, increase upon infection. To investigate the functional roles of these molecules, studies were performed using Ifny(-/-) @entity19 together with @entity3927 , a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. Treatment of C57BL/6 @entity19 with @entity3927 does not affect colony-forming units (CFU), amounts of IFN-y and @entity19 survival; however, there is partial rescue in thymocyte death. Upon infection, Ifny(-/-) @entity19 display higher CFU and lower survival but more surviving thymocytes are recovered. However, there is no difference in @entity701 amounts in C57BL/6 and Ifny(-/-) @entity19 . Importantly, the number of @entity1961 (+) CD8(+) thymocytes is significantly higher in Ifny(-/-) @entity19 treated with @entity3927 along with lower @entity185 activity and @entity2383 . Hence, endogenous glucocorticoid and IFN-y-mediated pathways are parallel but synergize in an additive manner to induce death of @entity1961 (+) CD8(+) thymocytes during @entity2491 infection. The implications of this study for host responses during infection are discussed.

title: Interferon-y- and glucocorticoid-mediated pathways synergize to enhance death of @entity1961 (+) CD8(+) thymocytes during XXXX infection.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S. typhimurium', 'Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['oral infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium']


abstract: The incidence of @entity0 in Australia is as high as in most parts of the world. The usual presentation is with a breast lump. Invasive and preinvasive malignant changes may be identified in both duct and lobular epithelia. There are clinical features of @entity5 , but histological proof is necessary. Aspiration of cysts and reexamination of clinically benign lumps are acceptable in certain circumstances, but a tissue diagnosis should be made by needle or open biopsy. Earlier diagnosis is possible by radiological screening of asymptomatic @entity1 , but the cost is high. Total excision of the breast (simple mastectomy) is the minimum treatment advisable for infiltrating @entity5 ; If there is a high chance that the draining lymph nodes will contain @entity5 , they should be treated by surgical excision or radiotherapy. Early chemotherapy does reduce the incidence of systemic @entity3 after mastectomy, but its precise place in management is not yet clear. The social impact of mastectomy is considerable and deserves more attention than has been paid to it in the past. Clinical trials of treatment should continue, as they are beginning to answer some fundamental questions.

title: What shall we teach our students about XXXX ? A personal view.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Background/Aims: This study is a head-to-head comparison of predictive values for long-term cardiovascular outcomes between exercise electrocardiography (ex-ECG) and computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) in @entity1 with @entity662 . Methods: Four hundred and forty-two @entity1 (mean age, 56.1 years; @entity1 , 61.3%) who underwent both ex-ECG and CTCA for evaluation of @entity662 were included. For ex-ECG parameters, the @entity1 were classified according to negative or positive results, and Duke treadmill score (DTS). Coronary artery @entity460 score (CACS), presence of plaque, and @entity3979 were evaluated as CTCA parameters. Cardiovascular events for prognostic evaluation were defined as @entity1459 , @entity583 , revascularization, @entity712 , and @entity204 . Results: The mean follow-up duration was 2.8    1.1 years. Fifteen @entity1 experienced @entity65 . Based on pretest probability, the low- and intermediate-risks of @entity453 were 94.6%. Odds ratio of CACS > 40, presence of plaque, @entity3979 >=  50% and DTS  <= 4 were significant (3.79, p = 0.012; 9.54, p = 0.030; 6.99, p < 0.001; and 4.58, p = 0.008, respectively). In the Cox regression model, @entity3979 >=  50% (hazard ratio, 7.426; 95% confidence interval, 2.685 to 20.525) was only significant. After adding DTS  <= 4 to @entity3979 >=  50%, the integrated discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement analyses did not show significant. Conclusions: CTCA was better than ex-ECG in terms of predicting long-term outcomes in low- to intermediate-risk populations. The predictive value of the combination of CTCA and ex-ECG was not superior to that of CTCA alone.

title: Prognostic value of computed tomographic coronary angiography and exercise electrocardiography for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis', 'coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular events']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine a possible association between @entity2204 ( @entity2204 )sigma4-allele and @entity933 in a large cohort and combining these current data with former studies in a meta-analysis. DESIGN: Combination of a new prospective cohort study and meta-analysis. SETTING: Medical department and orthopedic/traumatology department of University hospital from 2003 to 2007. @entity1 : A total of 656 @entity1 aged 65 years and older acutely admitted with a medical diagnosis or after @entity173 . MEASUREMENTS: Confusion Assessment Method for @entity933 , Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline-short form for @entity73 , and Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living for functionality. @entity2204 was genotyped by mass spectrometer. A meta-analysis was performed combining the current data with published studies analyzing the association between the @entity2204 sigma4-allele and the @entity933 . RESULTS: : The 49% of the 76 surgical @entity1 and 35% of the 580 medical @entity1 experienced @entity933 . Delirious @entity1 were significantly older (82 versus 77 years) and had more frequently functional (66% versus 26%) and @entity73 (86% versus 29%) than nondelirious @entity1 . The odds ratio (OR) for @entity933 adjusted for age, cognitive, and functional impairment of sigma4 carriers compared with non-sigma4 carriers was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-2.6). Four studies were added to the meta-analysis, which included 1,099 @entity1 in total. The OR for @entity933 in the meta-analysis was 1.6 (95% CI: 0.9-2.7) of sigma4 carriers compared with non-sigma4 carriers. CONCLUSIONS: This study and meta-analysis suggest an association between @entity933 and the @entity2204 sigma4 allele.

title: The association between @entity933 and the XXXX allele: new study results and a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['APOE', 'Apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'predelirium global cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E epsilon 4']


abstract: AIM: Restorative surgery after (procto)colectomy with ileo-neorectal @entity254 (INRA) or restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal @entity254 (RPC) combines cure of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) with restoration of intestinal continuity. This study aimed to evaluate these two operations. METHOD: @entity1 having INRA and RPC were matched according to sex, age at onset of @entity31 , age at restorative surgery and duration of follow-up. @entity1 were included if they were over 18 years of age, had @entity31 confirmed histopathologically and had undergone either operation. Long-term function, anal and neorectal physiology, complications, quality of life (QoL) and @entity159 ( @entity159 ) were determined. RESULTS: Seventy-one consecutive @entity1 underwent surgery with the intention of having an INRA procedure. This was successfully carried out in 50, and 21 underwent intra-operative conversion to RPC. Median defaecation frequency was 6/24 h. In 11/71 @entity1 reservoir failure occurred and 13/71 developed @entity5042 . QoL and @entity159 were comparable to the healthy population. Median follow-up was 6.2 years. These @entity1 were matched with 71 @entity1 who underwent RPC. RPC was successful in all @entity1 . Median defaecation frequency was 8/24 h. Failure occurred in 7/71 @entity1 and 13/71 developed @entity5042 . QoL and @entity159 were comparable with the healthy population. Median follow-up was 6.9 years. CONCLUSION: Comparison of INRA and RPC on an intention to treat basis was not considered to be realistic due to the high intra-operative conversion rate and the failures in the INRA group. RPC remains the procedure of choice for restoring intestinal continuity after proctocolectomy for @entity31 .

title: Evaluation of long-term function, complications, quality of life and XXXX after restorative proctocolectomy with ileo neo rectal and with ileal pouch anal @entity254 for @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'health status']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['health status']


abstract: The relationship of movement between different muscle groups has not been quantified before in the newborn period. @entity306 ( @entity306 ), which often occurs as a result of perinatal @entity519 - @entity63 (H-I), is categorized depending on clinical presentation, brain region involvement and extent of involvement. In order to test different brain region involvement, this study investigates individual and multi-joint involvement in a @entity95 model of @entity306 . Pregnant @entity95 at 70% gestation were subjected to 40-min uterine @entity63 . Newborn @entity95 kits were subjected to a swim test at 5 time points over the first 11 days of life. H-I kits were divided into @entity4372 and non- @entity4372 groups based on muscle tone at birth. The ranges and velocity of angular movement of the forelimb and @entity4218 (wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle, knee and hip) during supported swimming were determined. Severely impaired ( @entity4372 ) animals have significantly reduced range and angular velocity of joint motion, which do not improve over time. The non- @entity4372 group showed deficits in wrist and hind limb movements that were not evident on prolonged observation. Preventive treatment with an inhibitor of neuronal @entity842 synthase decreased the incidence of severely impaired kits; the non- @entity4372 kits showed a different pattern of swimming. Supported swimming allows quantification of limb and joint motion in the principal plane of movement in the absence of weight bearing and decreases the need for balance control. Identification and quantification of milder deficits allows mechanistic studies in the causation of H-I injury as well as estimation of recovery with therapeutic agents.

title: @entity519 - @entity63 causes persistent movement deficits in a perinatal @entity95 model of XXXX : assessed by a new swim test.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['hind limb joints']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'Cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to assess the relationship between time intervals of CT examinations and the stages of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) detected during the surveillance of @entity1 with @entity1575 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 73 @entity1 with 93 @entity157 (reference standard: surgery, n=7 [8 @entity157 ]; biopsy, n=2 [3 @entity157 ]; imaging criteria, n=64 [82 @entity157 ]) who showed no evidence of @entity157 on prior CT examinations were included. @entity1 were stratified into three groups based on the time interval between the two CT examinations: groups A (interval <=1 year, n=21), B (interval between 1 and 2 years, n=25), and C (interval>= 2 years, n=27). @entity5 stages according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), the Barcelona Clinic @entity96 (BCLC) staging system, and the Milan criteria were evaluated retrospectively by two reviewers. The Fisher exact test was used to compare @entity5 stages. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to assess the correlation between the CT interval and @entity5 size. RESULTS: One (4%) @entity157 in group B and four (15%) @entity157 in group C were larger than 5 cm in diameter, whereas no @entity5 was larger than 3 cm in diameter in group A. There was no difference in @entity5 diameter between groups, but @entity5 size was positively correlated with time interval between examinations (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.472; p<0.001). In group A, 19 (90%) @entity1 had @entity5 categorized as T1, and the remaining @entity1 had @entity5 categorized as T2. In group B, one (4%) @entity1 had a @entity5 that was categorized as T3b according to the AJCC classification, in the intermediate stage according to the BCLC classification, and above the Milan criteria. In group C, three (11%) @entity1 had T3b @entity5 , and five had @entity5 in either intermediate or higher stage and above the Milan criteria. CONCLUSION: @entity157 detected on CT performed within 1 year of a negative examination was at a curable stage in @entity1 with @entity1575 .

title: The impact of CT follow-up interval on stages of @entity157 detected during the surveillance of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'HCCs', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']