abstract: The research on components of the renin-angiotensin system delivered a broad image of @entity1808 -binding sites. Especially, immunohistochemistry (IHC) provided an exact anatomical localization of the @entity1129 (1) receptor in the @entity35 brain. Yet, controversial results between in vitro receptor autoradiography and IHC as well as between immunohistochemical studies using various antisera started a vehement discussion concerning specificity and cross-reactivity of these antisera. In particular the magnocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) provided controversial results on the localization of @entity1129 (1) receptors. Both areas are known for @entity1808 -induced release of vasopressin (VP) and @entity398 (OXT). To evaluate the significance of the appropriate method of antigen retrieval and its relevance for the detection of @entity1129 (1) receptors we performed IHC on @entity1129 (1) receptors in @entity1604 -fixed and @entity982 -embedded brain tissue of @entity35 using either the detergent @entity6000 or microwave oven heating. This study demonstrates that heat-induced hydrolysis enhances the quality and quantity of immunoreactivity (IR) in IHC on @entity1129 (1) receptors. In the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis and in the parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN we report a distribution of @entity1129 (1)-like-IR similar to that observed with other methods. However, in addition, we provide evidence that distinct @entity1129 (1)-like-IR is also localized in few magnocellular neurons of the PVN and in few parvocellular neurons of the dorsal SON but not in magnocellular neurons of the SON. Moreover, parallel IHC indicates that few magnocellular OXT- or VP-releasing neurons of the PVN as well as parvocellular OXT-releasing neurons of the SON do also contain @entity1129 (1) receptors.

title: The use of heat-induced hydrolysis in immunohistochemistry on XXXX (AT1) receptors enhances the immunoreactivity in @entity1604 -fixed brain tissue of normotensive @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

answer: @entity1808 :: (24179(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: CONTEXT: Mutations within the @entity25915 gene represent one of the main causes of familial @entity7961 ( @entity7961 ). However, most of the cases are sporadic with an unknown genetic cause. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the search for low penetrance variations within and around a conserved regulatory element in the intron 1 of @entity25915 , contributing to a multifactorial form of the disease in sporadic @entity1 . METHODS AND @entity1 : A fragment of 570 bp encompassing the conserved region was sequenced in 107 @entity7961 @entity1 and 294 controls, and an association study was performed with the four identified variants, namely @entity43717 ( @entity43718 ), @entity43719 ( @entity43720 ), @entity43721 ( @entity43722 ), and @entity43723 ( @entity43724 ). The functional role of the associated polymorphisms was evaluated by luciferase reporter gene expression analyses and EMSA. RESULTS: A statistically significant increased frequency was observed in the @entity1 for rs73346254A (P = 5 * 10(-4)) and @entity43724 @entity43725 (P = 0.01) alleles. Among all the possible allele combinations, only the haplotype bearing both risk alleles showed a significantly higher frequency in the @entity1 vs. controls (P = 4.7 * 10(-4)) and conferred a carrier risk of 4.19 (P = 1.2 * 10(-4)). This haplotype determined a significant decrease of the luciferase activity in comparison with a basal promoter and the other allelic combinations in GH4C and MCF7 cells (P = 4.6 * 10(-6); P = 5.5 * 10(-4), respectively). The EMSA showed a differential affinity for nuclear proteins for the alternative alleles of the two associated variations. CONCLUSIONS: Variations with a functional significance conferring susceptibility to @entity7961 have been identified in the @entity25915 gene, indicating a multifactorial origin of this disorder in sporadic cases.

title: Functional SNPs within the intron 1 of the XXXX gene contribute to combined growth hormone deficiency ( @entity7961 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43725 :: ('c|DEL||TAG', 'DNAMutation') :: ['delTAG']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['combined pituitary hormone deficiency', 'CPHD']

answer: @entity25915 :: (5626,Gene) :: ['PROP1']


abstract: @entity731 of coronary arteries is a main cause of @entity299 ( @entity299 ). Matrix metalloproteinases, a super-family of zink-dependent enzymes, which are involved in the pathogenesis of @entity731 by the activation of migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells and by the induction of destabilization of @entity731 . Some observations suggest that C(-1562)T polymorphism of @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) promoter predisposes to multivessel @entity299 . Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the association between C(-1562)T @entity1495 polymorphism and angiographically-documented coronary atheroclerosis in 110 patiens. Genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood nuclear cells was amplified by PCR method with pair of primers flanking the polymorphic regions and subsequently @entity1495 genotypes were identified by amplicon digestion with Pac I restriction enzyme. The T(-1562) allel was idientified by gain of restriction site. There were 67 CC homozygotes and 43 carriers of T allele (41 CT + 2 TT). No differences has been found among patiens with various number of significantly stenotic (>50%) coronary arteries (group 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectlively) in genotype distribution, age, prevalance of @entity101 , and plasma concentrations of @entity1674 , @entity165 and fibrinogen. However, in subjects younger < 50 years, the frequency of T(-1562) allele was significantly higher in @entity299 @entity1 as compared with controls (group O). Results of our preliminary study suggest, that C(-1562)T @entity1495 transition is associated with premature @entity299 in Polish @entity1 .

title: [The C(-1562)T polymorphism in the promoter of the XXXX ( @entity1495 ) gene and coronary atherosclerosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1495 :: (4318,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-9']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a study by Wagner et al., the CDC Symptom Inventory was validated in a population selected from the inhabitants of a city in the USA, and proofed reliable for the assessment of the accompanying symptoms of @entity5815 . The Dutch translation of the CDC Symptom Inventory is compared to the original and the psychometric properties are presented for @entity1 in a tertiary care setting. METHODS: One hundred thirty-nine consecutive @entity1 who visited the @entity5815 Center Amsterdam for the first time were asked to complete the CDC Symptom Inventory in the Dutch Language Version (DLV) together with the usual set of questionnaires. Sixty-one @entity1 had @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) and 78 @entity1 fulfilled the criteria for @entity5815 . Forty-three healthy accompanying @entity1 completed the CDC Symptom Inventory DLV, the Physical Functioning scale of the Medical Outcome Survey Short Form-36 DLV, and the Fatigue and Concentration scales of the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS-20). RESULTS: The healthy controls group contained fewer @entity1 and was overall older than the @entity1 groups. The influence of gender on the CDC Symptom Inventory DLV was significant but the effect of age was not. The Dutch version had a good internal consistency and convergent validity. The results were comparable to the original English version, but the sex-related difference needs further study. CONCLUSION: The Dutch version of the CDC Symptom Inventory is a reliable tool for the assessment of the secondary criteria for @entity5815 . The results show that it is comparable to the outcome of studies in English speaking countries.

title: Translation and validation of the Dutch language version of the CDC Symptom Inventory for assessment of XXXX ( @entity5815 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Fatigue', 'CF', 'CFS']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['Chronic Fatigue Syndrome']


abstract: In a previous analysis, we showed that MAGE-As were the most frequently expressed @entity5 antigens in @entity1 @entity150 . Here, we further characterized by RT-PCR the expression of this family of genes by analyzing specifically @entity5840 , -A4, -A8 and -A9 mRNAs in 46 @entity150 and 10 normal urothelia. We found that they were expressed in 30, 33, 56 and 54% of @entity5 , respectively. Although @entity39046 was the most frequent, its expression was low and was also found in most normal urothelia. The other MAGE-A mRNAs were all @entity5 -specific but @entity39047 mRNA was expressed at a higher level and was two times more frequent in superficial than in invasive @entity5 . To study the expression of the protein, we produced 2 @entity39047 -specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) presenting no cross-reactivity with other MAGE-A proteins. MAb 14A11, was used to analyse the expression of the antigen in testis and @entity5 samples by immunohistochemistry. In testis, @entity39047 expression was restricted to primary spermatocytes. @entity150 that expressed the @entity39047 transcript were positive with mAb 14A11. Staining was heterogeneous but half of the @entity5 showed over 75% positive cells. Finally, we showed that treatment of @entity150 cells with the methylation inhibitor, @entity11508 , alone or in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitors @entity12232 and @entity10022 could strongly induce the expression of @entity39047 . These results show that @entity39047 is frequently expressed in superficial @entity150 and could be a relevant target for immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy because its expression can be induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.

title: @entity39047 mRNA and protein expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'cancer-testis', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity10022 :: ('MESH:C075773', 'Chemical') :: ['4-phenylbutyrate']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'bladder tumours', 'Most bladder tumours']

entities_list: @entity11508 :: ('MESH:C014347', 'Chemical') :: ["5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine"]

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Intact zona-free @entity1 oocytes were screened using a combinatorial peptide library selection protocol. Pieczenik Peptide Sequence 1 ( @entity23970 ) HEHRKRG binds @entity1 spermatozoa. A complementary and unique binding sequence HNSSLSPLATPA ( @entity36982 ) was developed from the first @entity23970 ligand that binds to the @entity1 zona pellucida or oolemma. Cytoplasm-free zonae from unfertilized eggs were obtained and used as an assay system to test the effects of exposure to these two ligands. Spermatozoa were inserted into evacuated zonae and their behaviour and binding activity were assessed at regular intervals. The behaviour of spermatozoa exposed to @entity23970 and unlabelled spermatozoa injected into unexposed zonae was similar as far as binding was concerned (50 and 54% binding), but @entity23970 exposed spermatozoa had higher motility and displacement, marked by their escape from the zona pellucida. Zonae exposed to @entity36982 inhibited the interaction between injected spermatozoa and the inside of the zona when compared with controls (8.3 and 53.8% attached respectively, P < 0.001). The sperm-zona pellucida interaction described in this paper is applied as a functional assay for molecular interactions of sperm binding and can be used to assess function for potential surface markers on gametes. It is shown here that a unique binding ligand ( @entity36982 ) can be synthesized from another complimentary ligand ( @entity23970 ) without the need for a known intermediate substrate. @entity23970 and @entity36982 may have properties that can be used to target processes involved in conception and assisted reproduction. A movie sequence taken approximately 30 min after injection of spermatozoa into empty @entity1 zonae pellucidae shows behaviour of non-manipulated spermatozoa into zonae not exposed or exposed to ligand. This may be purchased for viewing on the Internet at www.rbmonline.com/Article/2159 (free to web subscribers).

title: Inhibition of XXXX spermatozoa-zona pellucida binding by a combinatorially derived peptide from a synthetic target.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Peak detection is a key step in the analysis of @entity11298 -MS spectra, but the current default method has low specificity and poor peak annotation. To improve data quality, scientists still have to validate the identified peaks visually, a tedious and time-consuming process, especially for large data sets. Hence, there is a genuine need for methods that minimize manual validation. We have previously reported a multi-spectral signal detection method, called @entity9712 for 'region of significance', with improved specificity. Here we extend it to include a peak quantification algorithm based on annotated regions of significance (ARS). For each spectral region flagged as significant by @entity9712 , we first identify a dominant spectrum for determining the number of peaks and the m/z region of these peaks. From each m/z region of peaks, a peak template is extracted from all spectra via the principal component analysis. Finally, with the template, we estimate the amplitude and location of the peak in each spectrum with the least-squares method and refine the estimation of the amplitude via the mixture model. We have evaluated the ARS algorithm on @entity1 samples from a clinical study. Comparison with the standard method shows that ARS (i) inherits the superior specificity of @entity9712 , and (ii) gives more accurate peak annotations than the standard method. In conclusion, we find that ARS alleviates the main problems in the preprocessing of @entity11298 spectra. The R-package ProSpect that implements ARS is freely available for academic use at http://www.meb.ki.se/ yudpaw.

title: Annotated regions of significance of XXXX -MS spectra for detecting protein biomarkers.

answer: @entity11298 :: (55079,Gene) :: ['SELDI-TOF']


abstract: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) induced by @entity2806 may play an important role in neuroprotection from @entity528 . In this study, we examined the @entity450 ( @entity450 ) threshold to produce regional differences in @entity34445 induction after transient @entity63 in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs). Female SHRs were subjected to 20 min of @entity2806 induced by bilateral carotid @entity432 . The @entity450 was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. At forty-eight hours after @entity2806 and reperfusion, the @entity35 were decapitated and the brains were removed. Specific areas (hippocampal @entity1249 , @entity1250 -3, dentate gyrus, dorsolateral and ventromedial striatum, and parietal cortex) were thereafter dissected from the brain. The amounts of @entity34445 in these samples were determined using Western blot analysis. In the hippocampus, @entity34445 was induced when the @entity450 decreased to less than 18-25% of the resting level. The mean values of @entity34445 produced in the @entity1249 area, @entity1250 -3 area, and the dentate gyrus following @entity63 and reperfusion treatment were 4.44 +/- 1.43 (+/-SD) ng/microg protein, 3.51 +/- 0.72 ng/microg protein and 3.77 +/- 1.05 ng/microg protein, respectively. In the parietal cortex, the amount of @entity34445 induction was less pronounced (2.55 +/- 0.40 ng/microg protein), while @entity34445 was hardly detected at all in the striatum, even under conditions of very severe @entity450 reduction and reperfusion. We demonstrated the existence of both a @entity450 threshold (i.e., approximately 20% of the resting level) for @entity34445 induction and regional heterogeneity for the induction of @entity34445 protein.

title: Cerebral blood flow threshold and regional heterogeneity of @entity1457 protein 72 induction following transient @entity63 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral blood flow', 'CBF']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This is a practical example of a powerful research strategy: putting together data from studies covering a diversity of conditions can yield a scientifically sound grasp of the phenomenon when the individual observations failed to provide definitive understanding. The rationale is that defining a realistic, quantitative, explanatory hypothesis for the whole set of studies, brings about a "consilience" of the often competing hypotheses considered for individual data sets. An internally consistent conjecture linking multiple data sets simultaneously provides stronger evidence on the characteristics of a system than does analysis of individual data sets limited to narrow ranges of conditions. Our example examines three very different data sets on the clearance of @entity3785 from @entity1 : a high concentration set from @entity117 @entity1445 ; a set with medium concentrations from a research study on the influences of the route of administration and of sex on the clearance kinetics, and a set on low dose @entity117 for @entity65 . Three models were tested: (1) a first order reaction, (2) a Michaelis-Menten (M-M) approach, and (3) an enzyme kinetic model with forward and backward reactions. The reaction rates found from model 1 were distinctly different for the three data sets, having no commonality. The M-M model 2 fitted each of the three data sets but gave a reliable estimates of the Michaelis constant only for the medium level data (Km = 24  5.4 mg/L); analyzing the three data sets together with model 2 gave Km = 18  2.6 mg/L. (Estimating parameters using larger numbers of data points in an optimization increases the degrees of freedom, constraining the range of the estimates). Using the enzyme kinetic model (3) increased the number of free parameters but nevertheless improved the goodness of fit to the combined data sets, giving tighter constraints, and a lower estimated Km = 14.6  2.9 mg/L, demonstrating that fitting diverse data sets with a single model improves confidence in the results. This modeling effort is also an example of reproducible science available at html://www.physiome.org/jsim/models/webmodel/NSR/ @entity3785 Clearance.

title: Diverse Data Sets Can Yield Reliable Information through Mechanistic Modeling: XXXX Clearance.

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['SalicylicAcid', 'salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular health']

answer: @entity3785 :: (MESH:D020156,Chemical) :: ['Salicylic Acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: With the emerging use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the treatment of @entity135 , selection of technique becomes a critical issue. The purpose of this article is to establish IMRT guidelines for @entity135 at a given institution. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Six common @entity135 cases were chosen to illustrate the points that must be considered when choosing between split-field (SF) IMRT, in which the @entity4048 ( @entity4048 ) is treated with an anterior field, and the extended whole-field (EWF) IMRT in which the @entity4048 is included with the IMRT fields. For each case, the gross @entity5 , clinical target, and planning target volumes and the surrounding critical normal tissues were delineated. Subsequently, the SF and EWF IMRT plans were compared using dosimetric parameters from dose-volume histograms. RESULTS: Target coverage and doses delivered to the critical normal structures were similar between the two different techniques. @entity5 involving the nasopharynx and oropharynx are best treated with the SF IMRT technique to minimize the glottic larynx dose. The EWF IMRT technique is preferred in situations in which the glottic larynx is considered as a target, i.e., @entity5 of the larynx, hypopharynx, and unknown head-and-neck primary. When the gross disease extends inferiorly and close to the glottic larynx, EWF IMRT technique is also preferred. CONCLUSION: Depending on the clinical scenario, different IMRT techniques and guidelines are suggested to determine a preferred IMRT technique. We found that having this treatment guideline when treating these @entity5 ensures a smoother flow for the busy clinic.

title: Choosing an intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['LAN', 'low anterior neck']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck cancer']


abstract: Apocrine @entity5 from the axilla of 12 @entity1 were studied clinically and pathologically. Based on histologic features, two @entity5 were classified as @entity652 and ten as @entity420 . All of the @entity5 were characterized by a glandular arrangement of large cells with abundant eosinophillic cytoplasm and evidence of decapitation secretion. The cytoplasm of the @entity5 cells contained PAS-positive, diastase-resistant granules. Intracytoplasmic particles of @entity68 were demonstrable in three of ten @entity5 . Follow-up was available for all 12 @entity1 . The two @entity1 with apocrine @entity652 are alive and well. Two @entity1 with @entity420 died of unrelated causes shortly after diagnosis. Of the remaining eight @entity1 with @entity420 , three have died of disease, and one is living with skeletal metastasis. A correlation appears to exist between @entity5 differentiation and prognosis.

title: Apocrine gland XXXX and @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Information is scarce regarding the impact of treatment on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) of @entity1 with @entity135 . We assessed the effect of treatment on HRQL and its association with prognosis in @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5 in whom HRQL was assessed before and after treatment. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H_N35 instruments were used. Association of changes in @entity1 ' HRQL after treatment with Loco-Regional Recurrence (LRR) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was investigated. RESULTS: One hundred sixty @entity1 were included; scales of the baseline assessment of HRQL were moderately associated with LRR and @entity1349 , but the impact of treatment on most HRQL scales was strongly associated with @entity1349 . By multivariate analysis, baseline assessment of Global Health, Physical, HN Teeth, HN @entity2133 , and HN Cough scales, and impact of treatment on the Physical and @entity158 scales comprised independent variables associated with LRR. Male gender, positive lymph nodes, baseline assessment of Role, HN @entity158 , HN Cough, and impact of treatment on Emotion, @entity158 , Financial, HN Swallowing, HN Social contact, and the interaction of HN @entity158 -change in @entity158 scales were associated with @entity1349 . Both multivariate models were adjusted by the @entity5 's site of origin. CONCLUSION: Aside from well-known clinical-pathologic prognostic factors in @entity5 , HRQL assessment, both prior to and after treatment, provides significant prognostic information and should be measured. Design of therapeutic clinical trials in @entity1 with @entity5 should consider these novel prognostic factors.

title: The impact of treatment on quality of life of @entity1 with XXXX and its association with prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Head and Neck (H_N) cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['H_N cancers', 'Cancer', 'H_N cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall Survival']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: The effect of @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) on the expression of @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ), production of @entity1199 and @entity1199 -dependent proliferation of @entity981 T cells ( @entity11511 cells) from 10 @entity1 was studied. First, the effect of @entity4515 on the expression of cell surface markers was assessed: a decrease of CD3 and @entity404 , and an enhanced expression of @entity405 molecule were observed on @entity11511 cells. Moreover, @entity4515 exhibited an heterogenous effect on various activation-associated molecules such as a decreased expression of @entity69 receptor and T10 molecule and an induced expression of @entity38770 and @entity6460 molecules. It is known that functional high-affinity @entity2902 are composed of at least two @entity1199 binding molecules, the alpha ( @entity2902 ) and @entity19176 ) chains. We found that @entity4515 induced the expression of both @entity2902 and @entity3647 chains, as well as @entity1199 production by @entity11511 cells. These effects were time- and dose-dependent. Cross-linking experiments with 125I-labelled recombinant @entity1199 (125I- @entity5041 ) revealed both @entity2902 ( @entity6978 ) and @entity19176 ( @entity3647 ) @entity1199 -binding polypeptides, whereas binding equilibrium assays on @entity4515 -treated cells demonstrated the presence of a low number (31-413) of high-affinity binding sites/cell in five out of six cases analysed, as well as intermediate affinity @entity2902 (1234-3919 sites/cell) in four out of six cases, according to the time of incubation with @entity4515 . In two cases tested high-affinity @entity2902 on @entity4515 -treated @entity11511 cells could internalize 125I- @entity5041 at 37 degrees C. @entity4515 alone enhanced the spontaneous proliferation of @entity11511 cells in three cases, whereas a clear synergy between @entity1199 and @entity4515 could be detected in three @entity1 ' cells. Moreover, exogenous @entity5041 enhanced cell proliferation of @entity4515 -preincubated @entity11511 cells in four cases studied. Taken together, these observations indicate that a short-term incubation of @entity11511 cells with @entity4515 can activate the @entity1199 / @entity2902 system on these cells without inducing strong modifications of their differentiation status. These results thus suggest that this system may be involved in the proliferation process of some activated immature T cells.

title: @entity4514 -induced expression of high-affinity @entity2902 and production of XXXX by @entity1 @entity981 T cells.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2902 :: ('3559', 'Gene') :: ['IL-2R', 'interleukin 2 receptors', 'p55', 'IL-2R alpha']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin 2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between first-trimester @entity548 and live-birth rates in twin pregnancies conceived with @entity52 ( @entity52 ). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: @entity249 practice. @entity1 (S): @entity1 with two gestational sacs on first-trimester ultrasound after transfer of fresh embryos derived from autologous oocytes between January 1, 1999, and December 31,  2010. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Live-birth rate. RESULT(S): Sixty-five @entity1 reported @entity3556 , and 288 did not. The baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups, except for an increased prevalence of subchorionic @entity1410 in @entity1 with first-trimester @entity3556 (26.2% vs. 1.7%). Live-birth rates were similar between @entity1 with @entity548 and those with no @entity548 (87.7% vs. 91.7%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-1.73). Two hundred eighty-eight @entity1 gave birth to live twins. Among the @entity1 who delivered twins, those with first-trimester @entity548 had an increased risk of low birth weight of at least one twin (75.0% vs. 59.7%). The association between @entity548 and low birth weight persisted after controlling for possible confounders with logistic regression (adjusted OR 2.33, 95% CI, 1.14-4.74). CONCLUSION(S): Live-birth rates are high in @entity52 twin gestations, regardless of the presence of first-trimester @entity548 . Among @entity1 giving birth to @entity52 twins, however, first-trimester @entity548 is associated with increased odds of low birth weight.

title: First-trimester XXXX and twin pregnancy outcomes after @entity52 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['Academic infertility']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in  vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Between 1979 and 1989, 17 @entity1 with unfavorable @entity79 were treated wholly or in part with heavy charged particle irradiation (helium and/or neon ions) at the University of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. The majority of @entity5 were located near critical structures such as the spinal cord or brain. @entity5 was present in all but two @entity1 at the time of irradiation. Six @entity1 were treated for recurrent disease. Histologies included @entity421 , @entity2828 , and recurrent @entity13626 . Four of the osteosarcomata were believed to have been induced by previous therapeutic irradiation for various @entity5 . Follow-up time since initiation of radiation ranged from 7 to 118 months (median 40 months). The 5-year Kaplan-Maier local control rate was 48%; the corresponding survival rate was 41%. Over half the @entity1 succumbed to distant @entity3 despite the majority of @entity1 receiving chemotherapy. In this preliminary study, we have shown that heavy charged particle irradiation can be effectively used for control of @entity79 . A Phase II trial is warranted to determine optimal treatment for unresectable or gross @entity66 .

title: Preliminary results in heavy charged particle irradiation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity13626 :: ('MESH:D018215', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Gross tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since 1997, the American @entity6 Association has recommended that @entity117 therapy be considered for adults with @entity6 who have @entity65 ( @entity65 ) or @entity65 risk factors. We examined the prevalence of regular @entity117 use among adults in the U.S. with diagnosed @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) used a probability sample of the U.S. population and included an interview, physical examination, and laboratory studies. Among the survey @entity1 were 1,503 adults (age > or =21 years) with self-reported @entity6 . We defined regular @entity117 use as reported having taken @entity117 > or = 15 times in the previous month. @entity65 conditions were self-reported @entity299 and @entity64 and symptoms of @entity951 . @entity65 risk factors included smoking, @entity101 , @entity28 , @entity633 , @entity14822 , and family history of @entity299 . RESULTS: An estimated 27% of adults with @entity6 had @entity65 , and an additional 71% had one or more @entity65 risk factors. @entity117 was used regularly by 37% of those with @entity65 and by 13% of those with risk factors only Adjusted odds of regular @entity117 use were significantly greater for individuals with @entity65 than for those with one @entity65 risk factor (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3); for @entity62 , Mexican-Americans, and others (OR = 2.5); and for individuals age 40-59 years than for those <40 years (OR = 33.3). CONCLUSIONS: Nearly every adult in the U.S. with @entity6 has at least one risk factor for @entity65 and thus may be considered a potential candidate for @entity117 therapy. During 1988-1994, only 20% (95% CI 16-23) took @entity117 regularly Major efforts are needed to increase @entity117 use.

title: XXXX use among adults with @entity6 : estimates from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina and claudication']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic whites than for blacks']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Aspirin']


abstract: The @entity377 sequence of clone pTT26 (3786 bp), containing the gene for 1,3-beta-glucanase LamA (laminarinase) from @entity21664 , was determined. It contains an ORF encoding a protein of 646 aa (73328 Da). The central part of the protein is homologous to the complete catalytic domain of bacterial and some eukaryotic endo-1,3-beta-D-glucanases and belongs to family 16 of glycosyl hydrolases. This domain is flanked on both sides by one copy on each side of a substrate binding domain homologue (family II). The recombinant laminarinase protein was purified from @entity526 host cells in two forms, a 73 kDa and a processed 52 kDa protein, both having high specific activity towards laminarin (3100 and 2600 U mg-1, respectively) and K(m) values of 2.8 and 2.2 mg ml-1, respectively. Limited activity on @entity43997 (lichenan) was detected (90 U mg-1). @entity26538 was degraded in an endoglucanase modus, yielding @entity413 , @entity40145 and - @entity38398 as end products. Thus LamA classifies as an endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6). The optimum temperature of the enzymes was 95 degrees C (73 kDa) and 85 degrees C (52 kDa) at an optimum pH of 6.2. The superior thermostability of the 73 kDa enzyme is demonstrated by incubation without substrate at 100 degrees C, where 57% of the initial activity remained after 30 min (82% at 95 degrees C). Thus, LamA is the most thermostable 1,3-beta-glucanase described to date.

title: Highly thermostable endo-1,3-beta-glucanase (laminarinase) LamA from @entity21664 : XXXX sequence of the gene and characterization of the recombinant gene product.

entities_list: @entity26538 :: ('MESH:C008247', 'Chemical') :: ['Laminarin']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity40145 :: ('MESH:C014637', 'Chemical') :: ['laminaribiose']

entities_list: @entity21664 :: ('2337', 'Species') :: ['Thermotoga neapolitana']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: OBJECT: A variant of C6 @entity11 cells, C6R-G/H cells express @entity13995 phosphotransferase (HPT) and appear to have reduced @entity7433 in the embryonic brain. The goal of this study was to investigate their reduced capacity to generate @entity5 in the adult @entity35 brain. METHODS: Cell lines were implanted into @entity35 brains and tumorigenesis was evaluated. After 3 weeks, all @entity35 with C6 cells showed signs of @entity16 , whereas @entity35 with C6R-G/H cells did not and were either killed then or allowed to survive until later. Histological studies were performed to analyze @entity5 size, @entity5 , @entity7499 , and cell proliferation. Cells isolated from @entity35 @entity1313 were analyzed for mutation to HPT by testing their sensitivity to @entity13995 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that HPT suppresses @entity5 formation. Three weeks after implantation, only 44% of animals implanted with C6R-G/H cells developed @entity5 , whereas all animals that received C6 @entity11 cells developed high-grade @entity11 . The C6R-G/H cells filled a 20-fold smaller maximal cross-sectional area than the C6 cells, and exhibited less malignant characteristics, including reduced @entity7499 , @entity4498 , and cell proliferation. Similar results were obtained in the brain of nude @entity35 , indicating that the immune system did not play a significant role in suppressing @entity5 growth. The combination of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and HPT was more effective in suppressing tumorigenesis than either plasmid by itself, indicating that the GFP may protect against inactivation of the HPT. Interestingly. @entity13995 resistance was lost in @entity5 cells that were recovered from a group of animals in which C6R-G/H cells formed @entity5 , confirming the correlation of HPT with reduced @entity7433 .

title: Reduced @entity7433 of @entity35 XXXX cells in the brain when mediated by @entity13995 phosphotransferase.

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity7433 :: ('MESH:D002471', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity13995 :: ('MESH:C026273', 'Chemical') :: ['hygromycin']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity263 mortality in @entity1 undergoing routine screening by routine digital rectal examination. DESIGN: Cohort study with a median follow-up period of 75 months. SETTING: Population consisted of volunteers at a university clinic and @entity1 in an institutional health maintenance clinic. @entity1 : Fifty-six @entity1 with a mean age of 65 years (range, 52 to 79 years) diagnosed with @entity263 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 treated initially by observation, external or interstitial radiotherapy, radical prostatectomy, hormone therapy, or combination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Kaplan-Meier analysis of time to local progression, distant metastases, @entity204 from all causes, and @entity204 from @entity263 . Mantel-Haenszel log-rank statistic was used to compare outcome in @entity1 diagnosed on initial examination with those diagnosed on subsequent examinations. RESULTS: Clinically localized @entity263 was diagnosed in 73% during an initial examination and 83% on subsequent examinations and (P.35). Grade distribution of @entity5 was similar in both groups. Overall 5 and 10 year survival of all @entity5 @entity1 was 85% and 67%, respectively. @entity263 was 8% (3/38) in @entity1 diagnosed on initial examination and 33% (6/18) during subsequent examinations. Five- and 10-year disease-specific survival was 97% and 86%, respectively, for @entity1 diagnosed during the first rectal examination compared with only 81% and 57%, respectively, for @entity1 diagnosed on subsequent rectal examinations (P = .02). CONCLUSION: Routine screening for @entity263 by annual digital rectal examination alone may be insufficiently frequent and/or sensitive to prevent significant mortality from this disease [corrected].

title: Disease-specific survival following routine XXXX screening by digital rectal examination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Death from prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity867 is a serious and life threatening complication of several diseases. Aspiration of the @entity733 versus excision of capsule are still in debate for the capsulated, large, superficially located abscesses especially in @entity1 with poor surgical fitness. The objective of this study was to look for the clinical presentation and outcome of @entity1 with repeated aspiration in @entity867 through a drainage tube in situ. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in Department of Neurosurgery, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad from Jan 2010 to @entity1178 2011. Twenty-three @entity1 with age ranges 6-21 years who had large, solitary, capsulated, superficially located abscesses, were included in this study. These @entity1 had poor American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grading (grade III and IV). After thorough clinical examination and workup, @entity1 were subjected to operative procedure. The procedure included placement of 8 size nasogastric tube in the @entity733 through a single burr hole. Under strict aseptic conditions, repeated aspiration of pus was done through the drain daily for 2-4 days consecutively at intervals of 24 hours. The demographic data. predisposing factors, clinical presentation, and outcome of @entity1 with repeated aspiration through drain placed in @entity733 were recorded. Postoperatively, @entity2287 enhanced CT-scan was done twice in the first month at the span of two weeks each, later on monthly for next 3 months. The CT-scans were reviewed for recurrence or any other possible @entity1504 . @entity1 were followed for duration of 3 to 6 months. RESULTS: The predisposing factors found were @entity299 in 7 (30.4%) @entity1 , spread of contagious infections like @entity2267 / @entity102 media in 5 (21.7%) @entity1 , @entity1244 in 2 (8.6%) @entity1 , @entity693 in 5 (21.7%) @entity1 , @entity295 in 3 (13.7%) @entity1 , and penetrating @entity128 in 1 (4.34%) @entity1 . In 16 (69.5%) @entity1 presenting complaints were @entity10 and @entity391 , altered sensorium in 8 (34.7%) @entity1 , @entity1269 in 9 (39.1) @entity1 , @entity2026 in 3 (13.1%) @entity1 , papillodema in 2 (8.7%) @entity1 , and @entity410 in 1 (4.34%) @entity1 . The @entity733 resolved in 19 (82%) of @entity1 , recurrence occurred in 2 (8.7%) of @entity1 , and @entity204 occurred in 2 (8.7%). CONCLUSION: @entity867 is a life threatening condition requiring aggressive management measures. Aspiration of @entity867 with repeated aspiration through a drainage tube is a life saving in @entity1 with poor ASA grade with low recurrence of @entity733 formation and low mortality.

title: Predisposing factors, clinical presentation and outcome of repeated aspiration in XXXX through a drainage tube in situ.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['cranial injury']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic suppurative ottitis']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial complications']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess', 'abscess cavity']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral abscess', 'cerebral abscess']

answer: @entity867 :: (MESH:D001922,Disease) :: ['cerebral abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intradermal tests are used to identify allergens for avoidance and immunotherapy in @entity1097 @entity235 . HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate cross-reaction or co-sensitization among 53 intradermal test allergens. ANIMALS: Six hundred and fifty-one client-owned @entity235 with @entity483 . METHODS: Intradermal tests were performed with 53 house dust/storage mite, epidermal, insect, tree, weed and grass pollen and mould allergens. Pairwise comparisons were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and statistical significance for the results of each allergen pair, with significance at P < 0.0006 (Holm-Bonferroni correction to reduce the false-detection rate). RESULTS: Apart from @entity2708 , cockroach, red clover, grain smut and Penicillium, the results for the allergens within each group were statistically associated [ORs from 4.7 (CI 2.5-8.9) to 1229.4 (CI 166.5-1795.1); P = 0.0005 to P < 0.0001]. Excluding red clover and @entity2708 , 94% of results between tree, weed and grass pollens were also statistically associated [ORs from 8.3 (CI 3.6-24.7) to 117 (CI 29.1-341); P = 0.0005 to P < 0.0001]. In contrast, few allergens from unrelated groups were statistically associated [ORs from 0.12 (CI 0.03-1.1) to 27.7 (CI 0.2-93); P = 1.0 to P < 0.0001]. The mean (SD) of the log e transformed ORs for the related and statistically associated allergens [5.3 (1.3)] was significantly greater than those for related but nonstatistically associated [1.7 (1.6)] or unrelated allergens [1.4 (1.4); P < 0.0001]. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This suggests that there is cross-reaction or co-sensitization between related allergens. This could have implications for allergen selection in testing and immunotherapy, but further studies are required to differentiate cross-reaction from co-sensitization.

title: Cross-reaction and co-sensitization among related and unrelated allergens in XXXX intradermal tests.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: A prospective study of 201TI uptake was performed to compare 201TI uptake with nuclear @entity3141 (DNA) content and clinical behavior of @entity5 in metastatic @entity259 and to assess the significance of 201TI uptake in evaluating clinical characteristics of @entity259 . METHODS: Fifty-six @entity1 with @entity3 of differentiated @entity259 had 201TI scintigraphy. Grade of 201TI uptake was semiquantitatively assessed according to @entity5 -to-background ratio on 2-h late scan. Nuclear DNA content was analyzed within 3 wk of 201TI study by flow cytometry using biopsy material and was classified as diploidy or @entity2007 . @entity1 were followed up to examine incidence of @entity5 growth and/or anaplastic transformation. RESULTS: DNA content was diploidy in 48 @entity1 and @entity2007 in 8 @entity1 . 201TI uptake in the DNA-aneuploid group (2.61 +/- 0.29) was significantly higher than that in the DNA-diploid group (1.82 +/- 0.35, P < 0.01 for both groups). @entity5 growth was observed in all @entity1 with DNA @entity2007 but in only 5 of 48 @entity1 with DNA diploidy (P < 0.01). Anaplastic transformation was observed in 3 @entity1 in the DNA-aneuploid group but in none of the @entity1 in the DNA-diploid group. CONCLUSION: High 201TI uptake indicates greater incidence of abnormal DNA content with aggressive clinical behavior of @entity3 . Thus, 201TI scintigraphy may be useful in characterizing metastatic @entity259 and in identifying those @entity1 with poorer prognoses.

title: Relationship among 201T1 uptake, nuclear DNA content and clinical behavior in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3141 :: ('CHEBI:16991', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Incidence and mortality rates due to @entity1489 are rising in most Western countries. Early detection of these @entity5 at a stage when they can be easily cured is the primary approach taken by many @entity1 wishing to deal with the problem. A primary prevention approach, that is, reduction in sunlight exposure, is being considered by an increasing number of organizations. The public health approach to primary prevention of @entity1489 , including @entity320 , requires an understanding of the role of sunlight in the production of these @entity5 . Despite a clear understanding of exactly how sunlight does this, there is enough epidemiological and laboratory evidence to suggest a broad approach to the problem. This includes reduction of sunlight exposure, particularly in childhood and adolescence. It also suggests the need to recommend avoidance of suntanning and particularly the excessive exposures that lead to sunburn. Widespread primary prevention public health programmes have been running in Australia for almost 20 years. The data measuring the effect of these programmes indicate a very large shift in knowledge attitudes and beliefs about sunlight exposure and suntans, and major shifts in behaviour. Suntans are no longer as popular as they were and @entity1 are reducing their sunlight exposure by a variety of methods encapsulated in Slip! Slop! @entity23114 ! Cohort analysis of the incidence rates for @entity320 and @entity1489 show that the incidence of these @entity5 is levelling out in young @entity1 and is dropping in some instances. These are the @entity1 who were able to be influenced by the public health programmes in recent decades. Finally, following initial dramatic changes in all the behavioural variables related to the programme, a period of consolidation with continuing effort and more specific targeting will be required in the coming decades to maintain the improvement.

title: Two decades of the public health approach to XXXX control in Australia: why, how and where are we now?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: Allogynogenetic @entity30947 @entity26727 (female) x @entity7136 . singuonensis (male) is one of the main freshwater aquaculture species in China. In recent years, @entity1185 have been observed on the scales, fins and opercula of adult fish in many fish farms in the Chongming county of Shanghai, China. The disease appears in the late autumn of the first year and becomes more severe in winter. It gradually regresses in the late spring or summer of the second year, as water temperature increases. Our study revealed that the disease pathogen was likely to be @entity778 , as indicated by enveloped viral particles in the cytoplasm, empty capsids in the nucleus and a virus-like morphology of the pathogen. The size of the @entity778 was 118.18 +/- 10.53 (SD) nm (n = 22) and its nucleocapsid was 78.64 +/- 7.74 nm (n = 22) in diameter. Histopathological examination of @entity5 revealed that both epithelial and stromal cells proliferated to form @entity1185 . The nuclei of @entity5 cells were irregular in shape and in size. Most of the mucous cells were located in clusters near the middle of each @entity1185 . Cytoplasmic organelles were sparse in @entity5 cells. Numerous granulocytes and lymphocytes infiltrated into the @entity5 tissue. There were no inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm and nuclei of @entity5 cells. The lesions only occurred in adult allogynogenetic @entity30947 , even though they were cultured together with other fish species. There was marked variation in incidence: in some ponds, only a few fish were affected, while the incidence was up to 90% in other ponds.

title: Etiology and pathology of XXXX in allogynogenetic @entity30947 @entity26727 (female) x @entity7136 . singuonensis (male).

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['enveloped herpes-like virus', 'a herpes-like virus']

entities_list: @entity26727 :: ('101364', 'Species') :: ['Carassius auratus gibelio']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'epidermal papillomas', 'papilloma']

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['Cyprinus carpio var']

answer: @entity1185 :: (MESH:D010212,Disease) :: ['epidermal papillomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A manufacturer of @entity2993 is seeking marketing approval in Korea of a generic product for adult @entity1 with @entity1007 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a new generic formulation of @entity2993 (test) with those of an original formulation of @entity2993 (reference) to satisfy regulatory requirements for marketing of the generic product in Korea. METHODS: @entity1 enrolled were aged 20 to 79 years with documented @entity1007 who did not respond adequately to therapeutic lifestyle changes and with a LDL-C level >100 mg/dL from a high-risk group of @entity453 @entity1 . Eligible @entity1 were randomized to receive 1 of the 2 formulations of @entity2993 20 mg per day for 8 weeks. The primary end point was the percent change in LDL-C level from baseline to week 8. Secondary end points included the percent change in total @entity165 , @entity1674 , HDL-C level, apolipoprotein B:apolipoprotein A-I ratio, LDL:HDL ratio, LDL-C particle size, high-sensitivity @entity1851 from baseline to week 8, and achievement rate of the LDL-C goal. RESULTS: A total of 298 @entity1 (141 @entity1 and 157 @entity1 ; 149 @entity1 in each group; mean [SD] age, 62.4 [9.2] in the test group vs 60.3 [8.9] years in the reference group) were included. LDL-C levels were significantly decreased from baseline to week 8 in both groups, and there was no significant difference in the percent change in LDL-C level between groups (-44.0% [17.2%] in the test group, -45.4% [16.9%] in the reference group; P = 0.49). The between-group differences in the percent changes in total @entity165 and @entity412 levels were not statistically significant. In addition, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in percent changes in HDL-C, apolipoprotein B:apolipoprotein A-I ratio, LDL-C:HDL-C ratio, LDL-C particle size, high-sensitivity @entity1851 , and the achievement rate of the LDL-C goal. Two (1.3%) @entity1 in the reference group (N = 150) experienced treatment-related serious adverse events (AEs): toxic @entity99 and aggravation of @entity662 . Common AEs were cough (4.1%), @entity925 (2.1%), and indigestion (1.4%) in the test formulation group and cough (5.3%), @entity908 kinase elevation (2.7%), and @entity4 (0.7%) in the reference formulation group; however, the differences in overall prevalence of AEs between the 2 treatment groups was not significant (P = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences observed in the efficacy and tolerability between the test and reference formulations of @entity2993 in these Korean adult @entity1 with @entity1007 .

title: Assessment of the efficacy and tolerability of 2 formulations of XXXX in Korean adults with @entity1007 : a multicenter, prospective, open-label, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2460 ( @entity2460 ) are rare @entity361 , and data regarding outcome and prognostic factors are scarce. We report the outcome and analysis of prognostic factors of a retrospective multicenter cohort study for @entity1 treated for @entity2460 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed of @entity1 treated for @entity2460 between 1995 and 2012. Clinical and histopathological features were analyzed for prognostic value. Endpoints were set at local recurrence, @entity3 formation, or @entity204 . Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses. RESULTS: A total of 81 @entity1 underwent surgical resection of a SFT with curative intent. During follow-up, 21 @entity1 developed distant @entity3 , while 18 @entity1 developed local recurrence. The 5-year overall survival was 84 %. The local recurrence rate and the @entity3 rate at 5 years were 29 and 34 %, respectively. Of all factors analyzed, positive resection margin significantly correlated with local recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) 4.8; 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) 1.5-14.9]. @entity5 size >10 cm (HR 4.4; 95 % CI 1.7-11.5) and high mitosis rate (HR 3.3; 95 % CI 1.06-10.3) significantly correlated with higher incidence of @entity3 . The combination of @entity5 >10 cm and high mitosis rate significantly correlated with higher incidence of @entity3 (HR 4.8; 95 % CI 1.4-16.2) and showed a trend toward worse overall survival (HR 5.7; 95 % CI 0.95-34.7). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial portion of @entity1 with a SFT developed local recurrence or @entity3 . Local recurrence is significantly higher in @entity1 with positive resection margins; @entity3 frequency is significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity5 >10 cm and @entity5 with a high mitosis rate.

title: Prognosis of XXXX : a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['Solitary fibrous tumors', 'SFTs']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['solitary fibrous tumors']


abstract: Rapid and simple enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) were recently developed to measure @entity23676 and @entity23283 in unextracted urine. The balance between these competing @entity172 metabolism pathways may serve as a biomarker of @entity0 risk. Before testing these assays in epidemiologic studies, we evaluated their reproducibility, and validity relative to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Overnight 12-hr urine collections from five midfollicular premenopausal @entity1 , five midluteal premenopausal @entity1 , and five postmenopausal @entity1 were aliquoted and stored at -70 degrees C. Two aliquots from each @entity1 were assayed with the EIAs in a random, blinded order, monthly over 4 months and 1 year later. Reproducibility over 4 months was good for both metabolites in premenopausal @entity1 (coefficient of variation = 8-14%) and satisfactory in postmenopausal @entity1 (approximately 19%). Reproducibility over 12 months remained good in premenopausal @entity1 , but was poor in postmenopausal @entity1 , with mean readings increasing 50 to 100%. Wide variation in @entity172 metabolite levels enabled a single EIA measurement to characterize individual differences among premenopausal @entity1 in midfollicular (intraclass correlation coefficient = 98-99%) and midluteal phase (85-91%). A narrower range in metabolite levels among postmenopausal @entity1 reduced discrimination (78-82%). The correlation between EIA and GC-MS measurement was excellent for both metabolites (r>0.9), except for @entity23676 in postmenopausal @entity1 (r=0.6). Analysis of absolute agreement suggested that both EIAs were less sensitive than GC-MS, and each detected nonspecific background. The low concentration of @entity172 metabolites in urine from postmenopausal @entity1 may explain the problems with reproducibility and validity in this menstrual group. Accordingly, more sensitive EIAs have been developed and are now being evaluated.

title: Quantifying @entity172 metabolism: an evaluation of the reproducibility and validity of enzyme immunoassays for @entity23676 and XXXX in urine.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity23283 :: ('MESH:C026702', 'Chemical') :: ['16alpha-hydroxyestrone']

entities_list: @entity23676 :: ('MESH:C024980', 'Chemical') :: ['2-hydroxyestrone']

answer: @entity23283 :: (MESH:C026702,Chemical) :: ['16alpha-hydroxyestrone']


abstract: Lipoprotein (a) [ @entity3452 ] is a plasma component whose concentration is related to the development of @entity731 , although the underlying mechanisms are not known. @entity3452 contains a unique structure, apolipoprotein (a), that shares partial homology with plasminogen. We now report that @entity1351 catalyzes the binding of @entity3452 to both immobilized @entity2002 and fibrin in a manner analogous to our previously reported studies with plasminogen. @entity1351 treatment of immobilized @entity2002 induces a 3.7-fold increase in @entity3452 binding. Low density lipoprotein, molecules similar to @entity3452 but lacking apolipoprotein (a), bind poorly to immobilized @entity2002 and binding is not increased by @entity1351 . Trypsin but not neutrophil elastase also increases the binding of @entity3452 to @entity2002 . @entity3452 also complexes to @entity1351 - @entity2002 digests, and binding increases in proportion to the time of @entity1351 -induced @entity2002 degradation. @entity3452 binding is @entity376 -binding site dependent as it is inhibited by @entity929 . @entity3452 inhibits the binding of plasminogen to @entity1351 -modified immobilized @entity2002 , indicating that both molecules compete for similar @entity376 -binding sites. These findings demonstrate an affinity between @entity3452 and protease-modified @entity2002 or fibrin and thereby provide a potential mechanism to explain the association between @entity715 , @entity453 , and increased blood concentrations of @entity3452 .

title: XXXX catalyzes binding of lipoprotein (a) to immobilized @entity2002 and fibrin.

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['epsilon-aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1351 :: (5340,Gene) :: ['Plasmin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity19606 is the most frequent @entity74 . The clinical impact of various MR imaging markers has been repeatedly studied in this disorder, but alterations of contrast between gray matter and normal-appearing white matter remain unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contrast alterations between gray matter and normal-appearing white matter on T1-weighted images in @entity1 with @entity19606 compared with healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contrast between gray matter and normal-appearing white matter was assessed by using histogram analyses of 3D T1 high-resolution MR imaging in 23 @entity1 with @entity19606 at the initial stage of the disease (Mini-Mental State Examination score > 24 and modified Rankin scale score  <= 1; mean age, 53.5    11.1 years) and 30 age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS: T1 contrast between gray matter and normal-appearing white matter was significantly reduced in @entity1 compared with age- and sex-matched controls ( @entity1 : 1.35    0.08 versus controls: 1.43    0.04, P < 10(-5)). This reduction was mainly driven by a signal decrease in normal-appearing white matter. Contrast loss was strongly related to the volume of @entity62 . CONCLUSIONS: Conventional 3D T1 imaging shows significant loss of contrast between gray matter and normal-appearing white matter in @entity19606 . This probably reflects tissue changes in normal-appearing white matter outside signal abnormalities on T2 or FLAIR sequences. These contrast alterations should be taken into account for image interpretation and postprocessing.

title: Decreased T1 contrast between gray matter and normal-appearing white matter in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary small-vessel disease of the brain']

answer: @entity19606 :: (MESH:D046589,Disease) :: ['CADASIL']


abstract: The transporters associated with antigen processing ( @entity16595 / @entity22944 ) provide peptides to MHC class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum. Like other @entity855 -binding cassette proteins, TAP uses @entity855 hydrolysis to power transport. We have studied peptide binding to as well as translocation by TAP proteins with mutations in the Walker A and B sequences that are known to mediate @entity855 binding and hydrolysis. We show that a mutation in the @entity16595 Walker B sequence reported to abrogate class I expression by a @entity2 does not affect @entity855 binding affinity, suggesting a defect restricted to @entity855 hydrolysis. This mutation reduces peptide transport by only 50%, suggesting that TAP function can be highly limiting for antigen presentation in non-lymphoid cells. Single substitutions in Walker A sequences (TAP1K544A, TAP2K509A), or their complete replacements, abrogate @entity377 binding to each subunit. Although all of these mutations abrogate peptide transport, they reveal distinct roles for @entity377 binding to the two transporter subunits in TAP folding and in regulation of peptide substrate affinity, respectively. Alteration of the @entity16595 Walker A motif can have strong effects on @entity16595 and thereby TAP complex folding. However, @entity16595 Walker A mutations compatible with correct folding do not affect peptide binding. In contrast, abrogation of the @entity22944 @entity377 binding capacity has little or no effect on TAP folding but eliminates peptide binding to TAP at 37 degrees C in the presence of @entity2036 . Thus, @entity377 binding to @entity22944 but not to @entity16595 is a prerequisite for peptide binding to TAP. Based on these results, we propose a model in which @entity377 and peptide release from TAP are coupled and followed by @entity855 binding to @entity22944 , which induces high peptide affinity and initiates the transport cycle.

title: Distinct functions of the XXXX binding cassettes of transporters associated with antigen processing: a mutational analysis of Walker A and B sequences.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report and discuss some cardiologic, neurologic and radiologic aspects in different types of @entity64 ( @entity64 ) present in @entity101 @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective study in @entity1 with @entity64 ( @entity64 ) and @entity101 (HTA). Separate this population in three groups according to the results of computerized tomography scanning of the brain (TAC): @entity548 ( @entity548 ) @entity385 (IC) and lacune (L). In each group describe the findings. SETTING: Department of Internal Medicine in a University Hospital of Lisbon. @entity1 : Thirty-four @entity1 , after having discarded 8 because their TAC were normal. Twenty were @entity1 (M), 14 @entity1 (F) with a total age average of 58 years. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All @entity1 had @entity64 , HTA and underwent initial TAC. For each group were considered: Past history, cardiac repercussions of HTA, neurologic features and the localisations of @entity75 . For statistical study were used the Student T Test. There was 45% of IC, 24% of @entity548 and 26% of L. In past history was found 35% of @entity299 and 24% of @entity6 . There wasn't any difference in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) between the groups. Fifty-six percent had an important cardiac repercussion, with 72% of alterations of ventricular repolarization and 35% of @entity301 . Both were more prevalent in IC than in the others. Twenty percent of @entity548 were in physical activity, 20% had a progressive start and in 10% there were meningeal signals. The site of @entity75 were characteristical, specially the @entity548 and L and 60% of @entity548 were thalamic. There wasn't any lacune neither in the cerebral stem nor in the cerebellum. It was reviewed some theoric aspects of neurologic feature. CONCLUSIONS: IC is the more frequent @entity64 in @entity101 @entity1 . The cardiac involvement, is the most frequent disease in past history. The cardiac repercussion of HTA is more important in IC. The findings were insufficient to well characterize the neurologic feature. Sometime TAC and seldom magnetic resonance are necessary. The localisations, specially of @entity548 and L are the same that have been described in medical literature.

title: [Cerebral vascular disorders and arterial XXXX : cardiologic and neurologic aspects].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute cerebrovascular accident', 'AVC']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['H', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: An examination of the cellular properties and synaptic outputs of mechanoafferent neurons found on the ventrocaudal surface of the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia indicated that the @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) neurons are a heterogeneous population of cells. Based on changes in action potential duration in response to bath applications of @entity750 in the presence of @entity1041 , @entity1779 neurons could be divided into 2 broad classes: mechanoafferents whose spikes broaden in response to @entity750 ( @entity1779 -SB neurons) and mechanoafferents whose spikes narrow in response to @entity750 ( @entity1779 -SN neurons). Morphological and electrophysiological studies of the @entity1779 -SN neurons indicated that they were comprised of previously identified interganglionic cerebral-buccal mechanoafferent (ICBM) neurons and a novel set of sensory neurons that send an axon into the LLAB cerebral nerve and have perioral zone receptive fields that are similar to those of ICBM neurons. Changes in spike width due to @entity750 were correlated with changes in synaptic output as indicated by the magnitudes of EPSPs evoked in postsynaptic neurons. Electrical stimulation of cerebral nerves and connectives also produced spike narrowing or broadening, and the sign of the effect was a function of the parameters of stimulation. Both heterosynaptic facilitation and heterosynaptic depression of EPSPs evoked in follower cells could be demonstrated. A variety of putative neuromodulators other than @entity750 were also found to affect the duration of action potentials in both classes of @entity1779 neurons. @entity12927 had effects opposite to that of @entity750 . SCPB and a recently characterized Aplysia neuropeptide, @entity37576 , broadened the spikes of both @entity1779 classes. Another neuropeptide, myomodulin, decreased the duration of @entity1779 -SB neuron spikes but had no effect on @entity1779 -SN spikes. Since the @entity1779 neurons appear to mediate a variety of competing behaviors, including feeding, locomotion, and defensive withdrawal, the various neuromodulator actions may contribute to the mechanisms whereby behaviors are selected and modified.

title: Selective modulation of spike duration by XXXX and the neuropeptides, @entity12927 , SCPB, @entity37576 and myomodulin in different classes of mechanoafferent neurons in the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia.

entities_list: @entity12927 :: ('MESH:D019835', 'Chemical') :: ['FMRFamide']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'cerebral mechanoafferent']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to proteolytic enzymes. Degradation of the cell basement membrane and the extracellular matrix is one of their functions. In @entity5 they can hypothetically contribute to the invasion and @entity3 formation. They are mostly produced by stromal cells (fibroblasts and endothelial cells) as a response to the presence of @entity5 cells. @entity1476 (gelatinase A), @entity1495 (gelatinase B) and @entity15976 (stromelysin 3) are often mentioned in regard to @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: The relation between the expression of the above-mentioned matrix metal-loproteinases in stromal cells and the @entity5 -related survival in 80 @entity1 after curative resection of @entity1149 in stage I according to TNM was studied. The expression of @entity1476 was associated with @entity5 -related survival but without significant correlation. No correlation was found in @entity1495 . There was a statistically near-significant relation between the expression of @entity15976 and @entity5 -related survival. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity15976 in stromal cells in surgically treated @entity1149 @entity1 in stage I appears useful for evaluation of their prognosis.

title: [Prognostic impact of matrix metalloproteinases 2,9, and 11 in stromal cells stage I XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small Cell Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that variability of conventional automated perimetry can be reduced using size V stimuli for @entity1 with @entity227 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity726 and five age-matched control volunteers were tested with the Humphrey Field Analyzer program 24-2 or 30-2, after which the method of constant stimuli was used to measure frequency-of-seeing curves. This was done by controlling the perimeter with a custom program run by a personal computer. At two widely separated visual field locations on the program 24-2 or 30-2 grid, stimuli were presented in 2 dB intervals to at least 10 dB on either side of the estimated program 24-2 or 30-2 threshold. This protocol was performed for each of three stimulus sizes (Goldmann sizes I, III, and V). For the @entity1 with @entity726 , one test location was chosen in an area of normal visual field sensitivity, the other in an area of 10 to 20 dB loss. Control subjects were tested at the (3 degrees, 3 degrees) and (-21 degrees, -9 degrees) test locations. Fifteen repetitions were performed at each intensity. RESULTS: Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that variability, as measured by the standard deviation of the cumulative Gaussian function of the fitted frequency-of-seeing curves, was lowest at the abnormal sensitivity test location in the subjects with @entity726 using a size V stimulus. Differences between the results from the V to III and V to I stimuli were statistically significant (size V = 2.9 dB, III = 10.1 dB, I = 10.1 dB). The same trend in estimated standard deviations was present in tests of the area of normal sensitivity (size V = 1.1 dB, III = 1.7 dB, I = 2.0 dB) in subjects with @entity726 and for the control subjects' peripheral test locations, but not for the central location. The smaller reduction in variability between estimated standard deviations of the size I and size III stimuli was not statistically significant at any test location. CONCLUSIONS: Use of size V stimuli in conventional automated perimetry reduces variability in tests of moderately damaged and normal sensitivity test locations in subjects with @entity726 .

title: Variability in @entity1 with XXXX is reduced using size V stimuli.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous visual field damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['glaucomatous visual field damage']


abstract: Eleven consecutive @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2941 were evaluated for operative resection of the cyst as the primary surgical therapy. Total excision and biliary reconstruction by choledochojejunostomy was successfully performed in nine @entity1 . Simple intestinal drainage of the cyst was used in two instances because of severe @entity409 . Four @entity1 had coexisting @entity600 . In all five @entity1 , biopsy of the liver was consistent with @entity2876 . In addition, the extrahepatic bile ducts proximal to the cyst were obliterated in two @entity1 . The findings suggest that pathogenesis of @entity2941 may be different in @entity1 than in older @entity1 . The indications for excision of the cyst in four @entity1 were due to complications from earlier internal drainage procedures. In most @entity1 , including all those having had a cystoenterostomy earlier, resection was done from the inside of the cyst, thus minimizing the danger of @entity1545 . There were no operative deaths, and morbidity was minor. The traditional operation for a @entity2941 has been internal drainage of the cyst into the intestine. Because of the high incidence of late complications and the frequent association of major co-existing @entity600 , the procedure should be reserved for highly specific indications. Total surgical excision is the procedure of choice for a @entity2941 .

title: The surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the neighboring vascular structures']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['biliary malformations']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

answer: @entity2941 :: (MESH:D015529,Disease) :: ['choledochal cyst']


abstract: @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide a powerful tool to investigate early events occurring during @entity1 embryonic development. In the present study, we induced differentiation of hESCs in conditions that allowed formation of neural and non-neural ectoderm and to a lesser extent mesoderm. These tissues are required for correct specification of the neural plate border, an early embryonic transient structure from which neural crest cells (NCs) and cranial placodes (CPs) originate. Although isolation of CP derivatives from hESCs has not been previously reported, isolation of hESC-derived NC-like cells has been already described. We performed a more detailed analysis of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-purified cell populations using the surface antigens previously used to select hESC-derived NC-like cells, @entity2251 and @entity4755 , and uncovered their heterogeneous nature. In addition to the NC component, we identified a neural component within these populations using known surface markers, such as @entity5824 and FORSE1. We have further exploited this information to facilitate the isolation and purification by FACS of a CP derivative, the lens, from differentiating hESCs. Two surface markers expressed on lens cells, @entity1916 / @entity1916 and @entity1759 , were used for positive selection of multiple populations with a simultaneous subtraction of the neural/NC component mediated by @entity2251 , @entity4755 , and @entity5824 . In particular, the @entity1916 / @entity1916 allowed early isolation of proliferative lens epithelium-like cells capable of forming lentoid bodies. Isolation of hESC-derived lens cells represents an important step toward the understanding of @entity1 lens development and regeneration and the devising of future therapeutic applications.

title: Derivation of multiple cranial tissues and isolation of lens epithelium-like cells from XXXX embryonic stem cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In our previous study of the etiologic role of oncogenic @entity1082 ) types other than @entity1799 and 18, we observed a significantly higher risk of @entity3146 grades 2-3 (CIN2/3) associated with certain lineages of HPV types 31/33/45/56/58 (called high-risk (HR) variants) compared with non-HR variants. This study was to examine whether these intra-type variants differ in persistence of the @entity281 and persistence-associated risk of CIN2/3. Study subjects were @entity1 who had any of HPV types 31/33/45/56/58 newly detected during a 2-year follow-up with 6-month intervals. For each type, the first positive sample was used for variant characterization. The association of reverting-to-negativity with group of the variants and CIN2/3 with length of positivity was assessed using discrete Cox regression and logistic regression, respectively. Of the 598 newly detected, type-specific @entity1083 , 312 became undetectable during follow-up. Infections with HR, compared with non-HR, variants were marginally more likely to become negative (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-1.8). The adjusted odds ratio associating with the development of CIN2/3 was 3.0 (95% CI, 1.2-7.4) for persistent @entity281 with HR variants for 6 months and 10.0 (95% CI, 3.8-38.0) for persistent @entity281 with HR variants for 12-18 months as compared with the first positive detection of HR variants. Among @entity1 with non-HR variants, there were no appreciable differences in risk of CIN2/3 by length of positivity. Findings suggest that the lineage-associated risk of CIN2/3 was not mediated through a prolonged persistent @entity281 , but oncogenic heterogeneity of the variants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Variant-Specific Persistence of Infections with XXXX Types 31, 33, 45, 56 and 58 and Risk of @entity3146 .

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human Papillomavirus']


abstract: Factor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc) and @entity2002 (Fbg) levels have been investigated as cardiovascular risk factors. We studied these two factors with stratification for age, sex and blood pressure, and the relation with other @entity731 risk factors in a Japanese general population. The subjects were 3,139 Japanese (1,315 males and 1,824 females) aged 30 to 89 in 1992 and 1993. A linear increase with age was observed in the levels of Fbg in both @entity1 and @entity1 , but no differences were observed between @entity1 and @entity1 in each age group. A linear increase with age was also seen in the levels of FVIIc in @entity1 , but the levels of FVIIc in @entity1 were significantly higher for the age group 40-49 years than for any other age group. The levels of FVIIc in @entity1 were significantly higher than in @entity1 at age > or = 60 years. As concerning the effect of @entity167 intake status, Fbg had a tendency to decrease with @entity167 intake. Fbg and FVIIc levels were associated with an increase in smoking status in @entity1 , but no association was seen in @entity1 in either Fbg or FVIIc. FVIIc was positively correlated with age, body mass index, total @entity165 , @entity1674 and fasting insulin level. Fbg was positively correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 and @entity1674 in @entity1 , but Fbg had few positive correlations with risk factors in @entity1 . A comparison with previous Western studies showed that the Fbg levels of our Japanese population were lower than those of the Caucasians studied, but the present FVIIc levels were nearly the same level or slightly higher than theirs. The association of Fbg and FVIIc and with other cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese was similar to those observed in Caucasians.

title: Factor VII and XXXX levels examined by age, sex, and other @entity731 risk factors in a Japanese population. The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: To investigate if serial clinical and ultrasound evaluations differ between early @entity309 @entity1 who do or do not develop @entity66 and to identify predictors of @entity2681 . METHODS: @entity1 with at least 7 consecutive 2-monthly clinical and 3 consecutive 6-monthly ultrasound evaluations were included. Ultrasound (gray scale and power Doppler) assessed @entity603 , power @entity603 ( @entity1726 +) and power Doppler-negative @entity603 ( @entity1726 -) in each of 14 joints of the dominant hand. After 1 and 2 years, @entity66 was defined according to digitized radiography. Areas under the curve (AUCs) for serial assessments were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Seventy-one and 38 @entity1 completed 1- and 2-year consecutive assessments. After 2 years (21.5 +/- 6.2 months), 13 @entity1 developed @entity2681 . At baseline, nonerosive @entity1 had shorter duration of symptoms to RA diagnosis, lower number of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria, lesser @entity603 and @entity1726 + @entity603 than erosive @entity1 . At follow-up, erosive and nonerosive @entity1 showed similar AUC for clinical, serological, and treatment parameters; erosive @entity1 had higher AUCs for @entity603 and @entity1726 + @entity603 than nonerosive @entity1 . In the multivariate model, the amount of @entity1726 + @entity603 (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.51; P = 0.001) and more ACR classification criteria (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-5.02; P = 0.04), both at baseline, @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: Serial Power Doppler ultrasonography-assessed @entity603 was greater in @entity1 who developed @entity2681 than in those who did not. More power Doppler positive (hypervascular) @entity603 and more ACR classification criteria, both at baseline, were the only predictors of @entity2681 .

title: XXXX and American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria as predictors of radiographic damage in early @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['predicted erosive disease', 'erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis', 'Doppler-positive synovitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['Hypervascular synovitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: A phase III randomized trial was performed to determine whether combination hormonal therapy with @entity6239 (AG) and @entity701 (HC) plus @entity6303 (MA) improved response rates, response duration, or increased survival over the sequential use of each hormone in @entity1 with @entity172 receptor-positive @entity0 ( @entity0 ) who had maintained stable disease for at least 6 months or responded to @entity440 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Two hundred eighty-eight postmenopausal @entity1 with progressive @entity172 receptor-positive @entity0 were randomly selected to receive MA 40 mg four times daily (arm I), AG 250 mg four times daily with HC 40 mg daily in divided doses (arm II), versus the combination of MA plus AG given at the same dosages (arm III). @entity1 on arms I and II who progressed after an adequate trial were crossed over to the other treatment arm. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-five eligible @entity1 were evaluated for response, time to treatment failure, and survival. Response was only reported for @entity1 with measurable disease and was not statistically different among the three arms. There were two partial responses (PRs) on MA (6%), four complete responses (CRs) and six PRs on AG (24%), and eight PRs and three CRs on MA plus AG (23%) in 32, 42, and 48 measurable @entity1 , respectively. Median times to treatment failure were also similar at 5, 4, and 7 months. Survival was also not statistically different among the three arms at 26, 27, and 26 months for arms I, II, and III, respectively. @entity137 was greater in the two AG arms with respect to fatigue, @entity390 and @entity391 , and @entity1910 . CONCLUSION: With the exception of @entity137 , there is no response, time to treatment failure, or survival benefit for any one group when comparing MA, AG, or the combination at their stated doses in @entity1 with @entity172 receptor-positive @entity0 who had previously responded to or stabilized with @entity440 .

title: @entity6303 and @entity6239 / XXXX in sequence or in combination as second-line endocrine therapy of @entity172 receptor-positive @entity0 : a Southwest Oncology Group phase III trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['hydrocortisone']


abstract: An attempt was made to detect islet cell surface antibodies (ICSAb) using solubilized islet-cell glycoproteins as antigens. Isolated @entity35 islets were labelled with 125I- @entity3505 germ agglutinin (WGA) and solubilized by Nonidet P-40 with sonication. 125I-WGA-bound islet-cell proteins were incubated with test sera, and bound antibodies were precipitated with anti-human IgG or IgM immunobeads. Serum which had a bound percent beyond the mean plus 2SD of control sera was defined as antibody-positive. Results obtained by this method correlated well with those by the immunofluorescence method of detecting ICSAb. Prevalences of antibodies were 21/114 (18%) for IgG antibodies and 9/114 (8%) for IgM antibodies in @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). The prevalence was highest for both IgG and IgM antibodies in @entity1 within a year of the onset of disease (38 and 25%, respectively), and decreased thereafter. The prevalence of IgM antibodies was lower than that of IgG antibodies at all stages. In @entity2175 @entity1 , the prevalence of antibodies was 5/72 (7%) for both IgG and IgM antibodies. If these preliminary results are confirmed, this radioassay may be developed to detect antibodies against islet cell membrane proteins on a large scale.

title: Detection of antibodies against XXXX germ agglutinin bound glycoproteins on the islet-cell membrane.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: We encountered a rare case of a 48-year-old @entity1 with intracranial multiple @entity738 secondarily caused by @entity627 . This was proven surgically after an 11-year course of remissions and deteriorations. In 1980, at the age of 32 years, the @entity1 was first seen at the clinic of Neurology of the University Hospital, complaining of @entity4 and @entity4841 of the joints of the knee, ankle, and wrist and with remittent @entity221 and @entity227 . The @entity1 was diagnosed as having possible @entity309 , and treated with administration of 30mg/day of @entity617 , which greatly improved the symptoms. The administration of 5 to 10mg/day of @entity617 had been continued after discharge from hospital. In 1985, visual acuity of the left eye decreased, and left @entity1183 developed. The @entity1 was rehospitalized at the same clinic, and treated with 100mg/day of @entity617 , which again diminished the symptoms. Computed tomography(CT) on admission showed a high density mass with contrast enhancement in the left cavernous region. In addition to the left cavernous mass, a high density mass was detected by CT in the left parietal lobe, in 1987. Visual acuity of the left eye deteriorated in 1989. Because his response to @entity617 had decreased, the visual symptom was treated with gold @entity1372 , which acted effectiveness. Symptoms deteriorated again in 1990. Early in 1991, CT and magnetic resonance imaging showed a new mass at the right frontal lobe, while the mass in the left cavernous region had increased in size. The @entity1 was transferred to the clinic of Neurosurgery for surgical treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of intracranial multiple nonspecific XXXX related to @entity627 : with special reference to magnetic resonance imaging].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granulomas']