abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine reference values of fetal @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) throughout gestation in a healthy population and to compare them with those from a population of pregnant @entity1 with @entity6677 under standard therapy. METHODS: Three hundred and three @entity1 recruited from a high-risk pregnancy clinic were classified as being healthy (n = 218) or as having @entity6677 (n = 85) on the basis of a negative or positive oral @entity413 tolerance test, respectively. They were enrolled into the cross-sectional study at 20 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound examinations were performed approximately every 3 weeks until delivery at term. The mid-arm fat mass and lean mass (MAFM, MALM), the mid-thigh fat mass and lean mass (MTFM, MTLM), the abdominal fat mass (AFM) and the subscapular fat mass (SSFM) were evaluated. Time-specific reference ranges were constructed from the 218 healthy @entity1 and a conventional Student's t-test was performed to compare @entity3145 values between the two study groups throughout gestation. RESULTS: Normal ranges, including 5th, 50th and 95th centiles of the distribution, were generated for each @entity3145 parameter obtained in each of the two groups of @entity1 . Significant differences were found between the two study groups at 37-40 weeks' gestation for MTFM, at 20-22 and 26-28 weeks for MTLM, at 31-34 and 35-37 weeks for MAFM, at 26-28 and 38-40 weeks for SSFM, and at 39-40 weeks for AFM, the mean residual values always being greater in gestational @entity6 @entity1 than they were in the group of healthy pregnant @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We provide gestational age-specific reference values for fetal @entity3145 . Fetal fat mass values, particularly in late gestation, are greater in @entity1 with @entity6677 compared with healthy @entity1 . The reference values may have a role in assessing the influence of maternal metabolic control on fetal state.

title: Fetal XXXX ( @entity3145 ) in healthy and gestational @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous tissue thickness', 'SCTT']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3145 :: (MESH:D017695,Disease) :: ['subcutaneous tissue thickness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-documented palpitations, or phantom @entity591 , are palpitations deemed to be of unknown origin after evaluation with conventional diagnostic tools, such as 12-lead electrocardiogram and Holter recordings. Our aim was to determine the diagnostic value of an electrophysiologic study (EPS) and its role in the management of @entity1 presenting with non-documented palpitations. METHODS: We performed EPS in 78 consecutive @entity1 with repeatable, poorly tolerated symptoms of paroxysmal, non-documented @entity591 , the absence of structural @entity299 and at least one 24-h Holter recording. The duration and frequency of palpitations was registered in each @entity1 . RESULTS: Long-lasting palpitations (>1 hour) were present in 15.4% of @entity1 . Half of @entity1 reported symptoms less often than once per week. Only 13/78 @entity1 (16.6%) had normal EPS findings, while dual pathways at the AV node    echo beats were identified in another 13 @entity1 without inducible @entity591 . At least one @entity591 event was induced in 52 @entity1 (66.6%). AVNRT was provoked in 32 @entity1 (41.2%). Ablation was performed in 14/52 @entity1 with inducible @entity591 (26.9%). Slow pathway ablation was also performed in three @entity1 with dual AV pathways and atrial echo-beats but without provoked @entity591 . Follow-up data were available in 52 @entity1 , and 84.6% had fewer or no clinical recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: EPS is safe and of enhanced diagnostic value in @entity1 with unexplained palpitations because only 1/6 had negative results. EPS also provided an explanation about the mechanism of @entity943 and successfully guided the management of these @entity1 , as well as enhanced improvement in the quality of life.

title: Diagnosis and management of phantom XXXX based on an electrophysiologically guided approach.

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This paper describes two @entity1 who were exposed to toxic substances in the workplace, but for whom diagnosis proved difficult, particularly in case 2. Case 1 was exposed to @entity11906 and case 2 to @entity921 . Poisoning was characterised by delayed onset of symptoms following exposure and symptom progression after cessation of exposure. The clinical consequences of exposure to these substances include @entity304 followed by the development of @entity73 and the late appearance of @entity146 disturbances. Both cases were evaluated by physicians with little training in toxicology. Apart from @entity409 in case 1 and decreased power, coordination and proprioception in case 2, results of most routine medical investigations were normal. Both cases were referred for MRI brain scan and neuropsychological assessment. Abnormalities were noted on MRI but reported as being absent initially in case 1and of unknown significance in case 2. There was evidence of @entity73 in both and personality change in case 1 of sufficient severity to prevent both cases from returning to work and to impact on family life. There is no antidote to @entity11906 or @entity921 @entity4968 . Successful treatment requires early diagnosis and cessation of exposure, but @entity2359 are difficult to diagnose when a time lag exists between exposure and symptom onset and there is no biomarker of exposure. These syndromes may initially be confused with other neurodegenerative conditions, infectious processes, and @entity146 . Clinician's lack of familiarity with the potential @entity137 of environmental and industrial chemicals can lead to misdiagnosis and mismanagement, and this lack of recognition can lead to continued exposure. These cases highlight the importance of taking a detailed occupational history in @entity1 who present with atypical @entity16 .

title: Delayed @entity73 following @entity11906 and XXXX @entity4968 : Potential for misdiagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar and Parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity11906 :: ('MESH:C014055', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl iodide']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic syndromes']

answer: @entity921 :: (MESH:D008345,Chemical) :: ['manganese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: International guidelines recommend 2  h of clear fluid fasting prior to general anesthesia. The pediatric anesthesia unit of Uppsala University Hospital has been implementing a more liberal fasting regime for more than a decade; thus, @entity1 scheduled for elective procedures are allowed to drink clear fluids until called to the operating suite. AIM: To determine the incidence of perioperative @entity358 in pediatric @entity1 allowed unlimited intake of clear fluids prior to general anesthesia. METHOD: Elective pediatric procedures between January 2008 and December 2013 were examined retrospectively by reviewing anesthesia charts and discharge notes in the electronic medical record system. All notes from the care event and available chest x-rays were examined for cases showing @entity391 , regurgitation, and/or @entity1173 . @entity358 was defined as radiological findings consistent with @entity1173 and/or postoperative symptoms of @entity649 after @entity391 during anesthesia. RESULTS: Of the 10  015 pediatric anesthetics included, @entity1173 occurred in three (0.03% or 3 in 10  000) cases. No case required cancellation of the surgical procedure, intensive care or ventilation support, and no deaths attributable to @entity1173 were found. @entity358 was suspected, but not confirmed by radiology or continuing symptoms, in an additional 14 cases. CONCLUSION: Shortened fasting times may improve the perioperative experience for parents and @entity1 with a low risk of @entity1173 .

title: Low incidence of XXXX in @entity1 allowed intake of clear fluids until called to the operating suite.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspiration', 'Pulmonary aspiration']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary aspiration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e11562 Background: Despite TNBC use to be a chemosensitive @entity5 , it carries a very bad prognosis and this is particularly true in local and regional advanced disease. Nevertheless when pathologic complete response (pCR) to NAC is achieved, the prognosis improves and changes to be good. About 75% of @entity1491 (BLC) that are associated to @entity5345 mutations and @entity900 sensibility. Also is known that dose dense chemotherapy is superior that standard every 3 weeks chemotherapy when is administered as adjuvant treatment. METHODS: Twenty one consecutive @entity1 (pts) with LATNBC were included from December 2006 to December 2009. Median age was 45 years (33-68), 14 (66.6%) premenopausal. Two pts were excluded because of treatment violation. Nineteen were evaluable. The clinical stages were: 1 IIB (5%), 10 IIIA (53%), 6 IIIB (32%) and 2 IIIC (10%); 3 (16%) grade 2 and 16 (84%) grade 3 of Nottingham. Seventeen of 19 @entity5 (89.5%) were positive for @entity64392 ), @entity470 (12/19) or both as markers of BLC subtype by immunohistochemistry. NAC consisted in 4 cycles of @entity632 55 mg/m(2) and @entity786 550 mg/m(2) every 2 weeks with G-CSF support 300 ug on days -3 and -2 before cycles 2, 3 and 4. Then the treatment was changed to either @entity1311 80 mg/m(2) (12 pts) every week for 12 weeks or @entity1205 100 mg/m(2) (7 pts) every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. At the same time, @entity900 was started at 75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. After NAC the pts underwent surgery and were assessed for pathologic response. All pts received postoperative Radiotherapy. RESULTS: pCR that was defined as no residual invasive @entity5 in both the @entity0 was reported in 16 (84%) of the cases. The other 3 pts achieved Partial Response (PR). After a median follow-up of 24 months (5-41 months) 3 pts have recurred, 2 with PR and 1 with pCR. Both of the pts with PR that recurred have dead. CONCLUSIONS: This regimen of NAC resulted in a very high pCR in pts with LATNBC, an indicator associated with a better survival outcome of this highly lethal disease.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) consisting in dose-dense XXXX plus @entity786 followed by @entity900 plus taxane for locoregional advanced triple-negative @entity0 (LATNBC).

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and axilla']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['TNBC correspond to basal like carcinomas']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare changes in lower urinary tract (LUT) function with modifications in pathways that regulate LUT function using two different animal models (incomplete and complete) of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). METHODS: Female @entity35 were used. @entity1566 was made at Th8/9 by a @entity130 (contusion, n=9) or a complete transection (transection, n=9). Unoperated @entity35 were used as normal controls (normal, n=6). LUT function was evaluated by micturition behavior in metabolic cages for 24   h and cystometry in awake animals. Immunocytochemical staining at the L6 spinal cord, spinal areas associated with LUT, was performed to identify descending modulatory fibers and dorsal root afferents that project to the L6 spinal cord. RESULTS: Volume/micturition in metabolic cages gradually increased in both contusion and transection groups compared with normals, and operated groups did not differ from each other. Urodynamic parameters from cystometry were significantly different in contusion and transection groups compared with normals, but again there was no significant difference between contusion and transection groups. Immunocytochemical analyses at the L6 spinal cord showed no serotonergic or noradrenergic fibers in transection group, but some descending fibers remained in contusion group, indicating sparing. Small dorsal root afferents were denser in both contusion and transection groups than in normals, indicating sprouting. CONCLUSIONS: Although differences were not found in LUT function in operated animals, supraspinal and dorsal root projections to the L6 spinal cord responded differently to contusion and transection. This suggests that the benefits of pharmacologic treatments may be different in two lesion models.

title: Lower urinary tract function in spinal cord-injured XXXX : midthoracic contusion versus transection.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['contusion injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs which regulate multiple cellular processes during @entity5 development. The purpose of this report is to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of miR-218 in @entity1 @entity11 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to detect the expression of miR-218 in primary normal @entity1 astrocytes, three @entity11 cell lines and 98 paired @entity11 and adjacent normal brain tissues.Associations of miR-218 with clinicopathological variables of @entity11 @entity1 were statistically analyzed. Finally, a survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The expression level of miR-218 in primary normal @entity1 astrocytes was significantly higher than that in @entity11 cell lines (p<0.01). Also, the expression level of miR-218 in @entity11 tissues was significantly downregulated in comparison with that in the adjacent normal brain tissues (p<0.001). Statistical analyses demonstrated that low miR-218 expression was closely associated with advanced WHO grade (p=0.002) and low Karnofsky performance score (p=0.010) of @entity11 @entity1 . Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test showed that @entity1 with low-miR-218 expression had poorer disease-free survival and overall survival (p=0.0045 and 0.0124, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that miR-218 expression was independently associated with the disease-free survival (p=0.009) and overall survival (p=0.004) of @entity11 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that miR-218 is downregulated in @entity11 and that its status might be a potential valuable biomarker for @entity11 @entity1 .

title: Expression of microRNA-218 and its Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance in XXXX Glioma Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Tuberculoid (TT) and @entity1203 ( @entity1203 ) develop in the @entity1 host depending on his ability to trigger a specific cellular immune response( @entity5434 ). Different genes have been demonstrated in susceptibility/protection and may explain the forms of @entity1201 . The @entity3173 ( @entity3173 ) play an important role. The aim of the study was to explore the contribution of human @entity1533 , @entity8167 , @entity3098 and DQ promoter genes in @entity1203 Mexican @entity1 . Six families (26 @entity1203 , three TT @entity1 and 27 controls) were analyzed; 114 unrelated @entity1 were compared with 204 controls. Class I typing was done by the standard microlymphocytotoxicity and class II typing using PCR-SSOP. Haplotype segregation correlated with specific @entity5434 in vivo and in vitro using lepromin. Haplotype sharing was significantly deviated in the affected sibs (p=0.01). Six healthy sibs were non-responders to lepromin and four of them were @entity52446 homozgotes. @entity52446 was significantly associated with @entity1203 and with non-responders. We set up macrophage activation experiments after infecting these cells with 5x10(6) bacilli to demonstrate if elimination occurred in the context or @entity52446 . When @entity52446 was present on macrophages and on T cells, bacteria were poorly eliminated from the cell (32%) while when absent, 76% of the individuals were able to eliminate the bacilli (p=0.03). @entity1533 *1501 @entity8167 *0102- @entity3098 *0602 ( @entity52446 subtype) was significantly increased in the @entity1 , indicating its participation in susceptibility. QBP 5.11/5.12 promoter present in the mentioned haplotype, and QAP 1.4, linked to @entity1533 *1301/02 haplotypes were also associated. Two mechanisms are suggested: the promoter polymorphisms may influence allele expression and thus the amount of peptides presented to the T-cell receptor, leading to a deficient @entity5434 : HLA restriction is important for vaccine design; the way peptides anchor the @entity1533 *1501 groove may be relevant to the activation of TH1 cells, which contribute to an efficient presentation of peptides inducing a protective T-cell response.

title: Molecular mechanisms of XXXX linked susceptibility in @entity1201 : towards the development of synthetic vaccines.

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['LL', 'lepromatous leprosy']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['MHC', 'major histocompatibility complex']

entities_list: @entity1533 :: ('3123', 'Gene') :: ['DRB1', 'leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1']

answer: @entity3173 :: (MESH:D004830,Disease) :: ['MHC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lipoproteins affect endothelium-dependent vasomotor responsiveness. Because lipoprotein effects of @entity172 and @entity165 -lowering therapies differ, we studied the vascular responses to these therapies in @entity753 postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We randomly assigned 28 @entity1 to conjugated @entity1641 @entity172 (CE) 0.625 mg, @entity3413 10 mg, and their combination daily for 6 weeks. Compared with respective baseline values, @entity3413 alone and combined with CE reduced LDL @entity165 to a greater extent than CE alone (both P<0.05). CE alone and combined with @entity3413 raised HDL @entity165 and lowered lipoprotein(a) to a greater extent than @entity3413 alone (all P<0.05). Flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (by ultrasonography) improved (all P<0.001 versus baseline values) on CE (4.0+/-2.6% to 10.2+/-3.9%), @entity3413 (4.3+/-2.4% to 10.0+/-3.9%), and CE combined with @entity3413 (4.6+/-2.0% to 9.8+/-2.6%), but similarly among therapies (P=0.507 by ANOVA). None of the therapies improved the dilator response to @entity1242 (all P>/=0.184). Only therapies including CE lowered levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and the cell adhesion molecule @entity4105 (all P<0. 05 versus @entity3413 ). CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity172 and statin therapies have differing effects on lipoprotein levels, specific improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilator responsiveness is similar. However, only therapies including @entity172 improved markers of fibrinolysis and @entity32 . Thus, @entity172 therapy appears to have unique properties that may benefit the vasculature of @entity753 postmenopausal @entity1 , even if they are already on @entity165 -lowering therapy.

title: Vascular effects of @entity172 and @entity165 -lowering therapies in XXXX postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemic']


abstract: Introduction. There is not much evidence regarding clinical behavior of @entity150 in younger @entity1 . We evaluated clinical characteristics, @entity5 recurrence and progression in @entity1 younger than 40 years old with urothelial @entity150 . Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 31 @entity1 less than 40 years old who were firstly managed with bladder @entity189 in our department. Data were analysed with the Chi-square test. Results. Mean age was 31.7 years. Mean followup was 38.52 months (11-72 months). Nineteen (61%) @entity1 were diagnosed with GII and 2 (6%) @entity1 with @entity66 . Five (16%) @entity1 presented with T1 disease. Three (9%) @entity1 with invasive disease underwent cystectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy and one developed @entity3 . Ten (32%) @entity1 recurred during followup with a disease free recurrence rate of 65% the first 2 years after surgery. From those, 1 @entity1 progressed to higher stage and three to higher grade disease. No @entity1 died during followup. Conclusions. Bladder @entity189 in @entity1 younger than 40 years is usually low stage and low grade. Management of these @entity1 should be according to clinical characteristics and no different from older @entity1 with the same disease.

title: XXXX of the Urinary Bladder in Young Adults: Presentation, Clinical behavior and Outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['GIII disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Urothelial Carcinoma']


abstract: Several techniques to induce @entity8 have been proposed: clamp, @entity939 particles, and catheter-balloon. We report the development of a controlled, single-insult model of unilateral @entity8 /reperfusion (I/R) without contralateral nephrectomy, using a suitable model, the @entity1707 . This is a balloon-catheter-based model using a percutaneous, interventional radiology procedure. One angioplasty balloon-catheter was placed into the right renal artery and inflated for 120 min and reperfusion over 24 h. Serial serums were sampled from the inferior vena cava and urine was directly sampled from the bladder throughout the experiment, and both kidneys were excised after 24 h of reperfusion. Analyses of renal structure and function were performed by @entity1710 - @entity1711 /periodic Acid-Schiff, serum @entity1011 (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), fractional excretion of ions, and @entity413 , @entity214 -PAGE analysis of urinary proteins, and serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Total nitrated protein was quantified to characterize oxidative stress. @entity4295 ( @entity4295 ) was identified in every animal, but only two animals showed levels of SCr above 150% of baseline values. As expected, I/R increased SCr and BUN. Fractional @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity2865 , and @entity3157 excretion were modulated during @entity63 . Serum-nitrated proteins and NGAL had two profiles: decreased with @entity63 and increased after reperfusion. This decline was associated with increased protein excretion during @entity63 and early reperfusion. Altogether, these data show that the renal I/R model can be performed by percutaneous approach in the @entity1707 model. This is a suitable translational model to study new early renal @entity63 biomarkers and pathophysiological mechanisms in @entity8 .

title: Catheter-based induction of @entity8 /reperfusion in XXXX : description of an experimental model.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['ATN', 'Acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is the most common cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ). We report the baseline cardiovascular characteristics of 2,238 @entity1 by using the data of the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in @entity1 With @entity740 (KNOW- @entity740 ) study. The cohort comprises 5 subcohorts according to the cause of @entity740 : @entity631 ( @entity631 ), @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ), @entity101 ( @entity101 ), @entity8 ( @entity8 ), and unclassified. The average estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 50.5    30.3 mL/min     /1.73 m      and lowest in the @entity2316 subcohort. The overall prevalence of previous @entity65 was 14.4% in all @entity1 , and was highest in the @entity2316 followed by that in the @entity101 subcohort. The @entity2316 subcohort had more adverse cardiovascular risk profiles (higher systolic blood pressure [SBP], and higher levels of cardiac troponin T, left ventricular mass index [LVMI], coronary @entity460 score, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [baPWV]) than the other subcohorts. The @entity101 subcohort exhibited less severe cardiovascular risk profiles than the @entity2316 subcohort, but had more severe cardiovascular risk features than the @entity631 and @entity8 subcohorts. All these cardiovascular risk profiles were inversely correlated with eGFR. In conclusion, this study shows that the KNOW- @entity740 cohort exhibits high cardiovascular burden, as other @entity740 cohorts in previous studies. Among the subcohorts, the @entity2316 subcohort had the highest risk for @entity65 . The ongoing long-term follow-up study up to 10 years will further delineate cardiovascular characteristics and outcomes of each subcohort exposed to different risk profiles.

title: Baseline Cardiovascular Characteristics of Adult XXXX with @entity740 from the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in @entity1 With @entity740 (KNOW- @entity740 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease', 'PKD']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive nephropathy', 'HTN']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'Chronic Kidney Disease', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency and compare the clinical characteristics, treatment response, survival and hematologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and histologic findings in adult @entity1 with @entity10706 ( @entity10706 ) and megakaryocytic @entity9638 of @entity1860 (MegBC- @entity1860 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The records of @entity1 with @entity10706 and MegBC- @entity1860 attended in our institution between July 1993 and December 2000 were revised. Megakaryocytic lineage was established by the presence of one or more megakaryocyte/platelet associated antigens ( @entity1427 , @entity27463 , and @entity1428 ) in > 20% blast cells. RESULTS: In 90 months, 277 @entity1 with @entity3052 were admitted and 25 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in @entity9638 ( @entity9638 ) were identified. Twelve of 125 @entity1 (9.6%) with @entity3052 were @entity10706 and 32% of cases with @entity1860 - @entity9638 were MegBC- @entity1860 . Leukemic cells of @entity1 with @entity10706 expressed more frequently @entity5824 antigen than blast cells of those with MegBC- @entity1860 (83% and 37.5%; p < 0.05). In contrast, blast cells expressing @entity3335 were present in 50% and 10% of cases with MegBC- @entity1860 and @entity10706 , respectively (p < 0.05). Only one @entity1 in each group obtained remission. Although median survival in @entity1 with @entity10706 was lower (70 days) than in those with MegBC- @entity1860 (175 days) the difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: @entity10706 and MegBC- @entity1860 differ in some clinical and laboratory characteristics and are diseases with poor treatment response and short survival.

title: [Survival, clinical and laboratory characteristics of de novo and secondary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity10706 :: ('MESH:D007947', 'Disease') :: ['acute megakaryoblastic leukemia', 'AMegL']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity10706 :: (MESH:D007947,Disease) :: ['megakaryoblastic leukemia']


abstract: Several activated coagulation factors have been reported to enhance fibrinolysis by neutralizing @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) activity. We evaluated the physiological relevance of this mechanism using the euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) assay in the presence and absence of @entity141 , which is controlled by @entity2289 and mimics physiological thrombolysis. We found that the ECLT (18.5 +/- 0.6 h) was shortened by @entity141 (5 mm) (6.6 +/- 0.1 h). A significant difference was observed in @entity556 generation by the presence of @entity141 in the euglobulin fraction. Prothrombin was almost fully converted to @entity556 within 15 min in the presence of @entity141 , whereas essentially no conversion was observed without @entity141 . The presence of @entity10855 ( @entity10855 ) suppressed @entity556 generation, and attenuated the shortening of ECLT in a dose-dependent manner, an effect enhanced by phospholipid and protein S. In the absence of @entity141 , @entity10855 did not prolong the ECLT. After addition of @entity1885 -labeled recombinant @entity2289 to the euglobulin fraction, @entity2289 was cleaved to lower molecular weight forms only in the presence of @entity141 . This cleavage did not occur in the presence of @entity10855 , suggesting that @entity556 was the catalyst for @entity2289 cleavage. The cleavage and inactivation of @entity2289 by generated @entity556 is proposed to be responsible for the shortening of ECLT by @entity141 and for coagulation-associated over-expression of fibrinolysis. Under such conditions, @entity10855 appeared to suppress @entity556 generation and to normalize highly activated fibrinolysis.

title: Activated protein C attenuates coagulation-associated over-expression of fibrinolytic activity by suppressing the XXXX -dependent inactivation of @entity2289 .

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity10855 :: ('MESH:D020016', 'Disease') :: ['activated protein C', 'aPC']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective investigation using serial urodynamic studies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate type of @entity1494 and to observe changes of @entity2472 ( @entity2472 ) after the normalization of the compliance and capacity of the bladder in @entity1971 . SETTING: @entity1566 Unit, Yonsei Rehabilitation Hospital, Seoul, Korea. METHODS: Urodynamic studies were performed in 50 @entity1 with complete @entity1971 from @entity130 with an infusion ratio of 30 ml/min. Findings of urodynamic studies and clinical features of @entity1 with low compliance were compared with those of the normal compliant @entity1 . Fourteen @entity1 with low compliance received oral administration of @entity11440 and @entity12594 and intravesical instillation of @entity11440 to increase the compliance and capacity of the bladder, and follow-up urodynamic studies to monitor the change were undertaken. RESULTS: Bladder compliance was decreased in 14 (28%) @entity1 and normal in 36 (72%) @entity1 . There was a significantly long time interval between the onset of @entity130 of rehabilitative treatment in the @entity1494 group with low compliance when compared to those of the normal compliance group (P < 0.05). Clean intermittent catheterization was used as the voiding method, significantly less than the normal compliance group (P < 0.05). @entity2472 was observed in six out of fourteen @entity1 with @entity1494 , but none in the normal compliance group. Upon the completion of conservative treatment, @entity2472 disappeared in four @entity1 whose compliance and capacity of the bladder were normalized on follow-up urodynamic studies. CONCLUSION: @entity2472 was only observed in the low compliant bladder and as @entity2472 disappeared when compliance and capacity of the bladder was normalized; low compliance appeared to be the main cause of @entity2472 . In addition, this study supports that the maintenance of compliance of the bladder may be the most important factor in the management of @entity1494 .

title: Significance of @entity1494 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder', 'low compliance neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina injury']

entities_list: @entity12594 :: ('MESH:C015586', 'Chemical') :: ['propiverine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and the initiation', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['autonomous detrusor contraction', 'ADC']

answer: @entity1971 :: (MESH:D011128,Disease) :: ['cauda equina injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report a case of rectal @entity3 of @entity356 associated with @entity6017 showing @entity8231 . The @entity1 was a 70-year-old @entity1 who had undergone curative total gastrectomy for Stage III @entity5 in March 2005. He was diagnosed with @entity6017 and treated with @entity617 after gastrectomy. In April 2006, erythema of his face relapsed, and his serum @entity9153 level was abnormally elevated. He experienced @entity425 and @entity1282 , and was treated with increased doses of @entity617 and gamma-globulin. At this time, endoscopic examination and computed tomography(CT)revealed a @entity5 with hepatic @entity3 . We performed Hartmann's operation in July 2006. The @entity5 was predominantly submucosal, was 7 cm in diameter, involved #251 lymph node, and had positive peritoneal lavage cytology. The histopathological findings of the @entity5 were comparable with those of @entity356 , and we therefore diagnosed metastatic @entity420 of @entity356 . After surgery, we could control the @entity1 's @entity6017 with @entity617 at a reduced dose. However, chemotherapy with @entity11730 was ineffective and the @entity1 died 8 months postoperatively.

title: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis of XXXX Associated with @entity6017 ].

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumor', 'Agastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: @entity2151 reductase consists of two nonidentical proteins, R1 and R2, and catalyzes the rate-limiting step in DNA precursor synthesis: the reduction of @entity24547 to @entity49284 . A strictly balanced supply of deoxyribonucleotides is essential for both accurate DNA replication and repair. Therefore, @entity2151 reductase activity is under exquisite control both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally. In proliferating @entity1 cells, enzyme activity is regulated by control of R2 protein stability. This control, which responds to DNA damage, is effective until cells pass into mitosis. We demonstrate that the mitotic degradation and hence the overall periodicity of R2 protein levels depends on a @entity66757 box sequence, recognized by the @entity3112 -anaphase-promoting complex. The @entity19 R2 protein specifically binds @entity3112 and is polyubiquitinated in an in vitro ubiquitin assay system. Mutating the @entity66757 signal stabilizes the R2 protein during mitosisG(1) in R2 protein-overexpressing cells. The degradation process, which blocks deoxyribonucleotide production during G(1), may be an important mechanism protecting the cell against unscheduled DNA synthesis. The newly discovered @entity899 -induced @entity66758 protein that lacks a @entity66757 box may supply deoxyribonucleotides for DNA repair during G(0)G(1).

title: @entity19 @entity2151 reductase R2 protein: a new target for anaphase-promoting complex- XXXX -mediated proteolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity49284 :: ('MESH:D003854', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribonucleotides']

entities_list: @entity24547 :: ('MESH:D012265', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotides']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide', 'Ribonucleotide']

answer: @entity3112 :: (12550(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Cdh1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improved diagnostic tests would aid in diagnosing and treating community-acquired @entity693 . OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diagnostic value of @entity650 ( @entity650 ) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of @entity1 presenting with symptoms of acute @entity693 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a 6-month prospective, observational, cross-sectional emergency department (ED) study, serum and CSF samples were obtained from all @entity1 with a @entity10 and @entity221 in whom the physician suspected @entity693 . @entity1 were excluded if computed tomography findings contraindicated a lumbar puncture, if they had @entity3459 , or if their serum indicated @entity548 . @entity650 levels were measured and compared in @entity1 with (Group A) and without (Group B) @entity4008 . RESULTS: Samples were obtained from 53 @entity1 , of whom 40 were ultimately found to have @entity693 . These 40 @entity1 averaged 49.6    21.9 years, with number of @entity1 18 (45%), hospitalizations 21 (52%), mortality 3 (.07%), and @entity650 average rating 491 (median: 14.5; range 0000-6000). Findings in the two groups were: Group A (with @entity693 ): n = 13, average @entity650 level: 1495 (median: 604; 25/75 percentiles: 232.5-2030; 95% confidence interval [CI] 371.7-2618.6; range 64-6000). Group B (with @entity5827 ): n = 27, average @entity650 level: 7.34 (median: 5; 25/75 percentiles: 0.0/15.1; 95% CI 3.94-10.73; range 0-23.6). Mann-Whitney rank sum test: p < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with acute @entity4008 , CSF cytokine concentrations are elevated. Measuring CSF inflammatory cytokine levels in @entity1 with acute @entity693 could be a valuable ED diagnostic tool. Using this tool could improve the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity4008 by allowing more rapid initiation of antibiotic treatment.

title: Acute XXXX prognosis using cerebrospinal fluid @entity650 levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura is difficult, especially when abdominal symptoms precede @entity75 . The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of @entity14361 in Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura. METHODS: Endoscopic or radiographic findings throughout the entire GI tract were retrospectively reviewed for 7 @entity1 with Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura. Histopathologic findings were analyzed and correlated with findings at EGD and colonoscopy. OBSERVATIONS: The duodenum and small intestine were most frequently involved (6 @entity1 , each site). Contrast radiography of the small intestine demonstrated thickened mucosal folds or small barium flecks. Findings at EGD were multiple irregular @entity1066 , @entity33 and @entity4125 in the duodenum. In 4 @entity1 , the second part of the duodenum was predominantly affected. @entity1066 accompanied by @entity1410 -like protrusions were detected in 4 @entity1 in whom @entity3144 was proven histopathologically. CONCLUSIONS: EGD appears to have the greatest diagnostic utility in @entity1 suspected to have Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura with @entity14361 .

title: XXXX in Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['Ulcerating lesions', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal redness']

entities_list: @entity14361 :: ('MESH:C566895', 'Disease') :: ['GI involvement']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['petechiae']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytoclastic vasculitis']

answer: @entity14361 :: (MESH:C566895,Disease) :: ['GI involvement']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A simple, quick and accurate LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of @entity8726 in @entity1 plasma with @entity3352 as internal standard (IS) was developed and validated. Samples were treated with @entity1042 to precipitate proteins, then separated on a Ultimate C18 column (5 m, 2.1*50mm) with a gradient elusion process. Mobile phase A was comprised of water and @entity5189 , mobile phase B was comprised of @entity1626 and @entity5189 . Multi reaction monitoring (MRM) signals were saved on a negative ionization electrospray mass spectrometer. The calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 40.00-10000.00 g/L (r(2)=0.998). Intra-day RE was 0.2-2.2%. Inter-day RE was 0.5-3.4%. The samples showed good stability under the study conditions. No significant matrix effect was observed. The established method was then applied to a bioequivalence study of a @entity15836 formulation.

title: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of XXXX in @entity1 plasma and its application in a study of bioequivalence.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity15836 :: ('MESH:C504422', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen axetil']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity8726 :: (MESH:D005480,Chemical) :: ['flurbiprofen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity170 and @entity3574 are well recognized features in @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of @entity170 and @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity1691 . METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1691 @entity1 and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at posterior-anterior (PA) lumbar, lateral lumbar and hip regions. @entity1514 and lumbar X-rays were obtained for morphometric measurements. Clinical, biological and radiological statuses were evaluated with Bath @entity1691 Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath @entity1691 Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath @entity1691 Functional Index (BASFI), Bath @entity1691 Radiology Index-total (BASRI-t), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the @entity1851 levels. RESULTS: @entity170 was present in 32% of @entity1 and 5% of controls according to lateral vertebral @entity79 measurements. @entity174 was present in 31% of @entity1 . The effect of some clinical and laboratory parameters on @entity174 was analyzed in the @entity1 group. @entity170 in lateral lumbar DEXA was associated with higher BASMI, BASFI, BASRI-t scores and ESR level. Low hip @entity79 was associated with low BMI and high BASFI and BASRI-t scores. @entity174 were associated with advanced age, longer disease duration, longer duration since diagnosis, higher BASMI and BASRI-t scores, higher ESR level, reduced femoral and lateral lumbar @entity79 . Logistic regression analysis revealed that only BASRI-t score was significantly associated with low lateral spinal @entity79 and BMI and BASFI score were independently associated with low hip @entity79 . The presence of compression @entity174 was independently associated with BASRI-t score and low lateral lumbar @entity79 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity170 and @entity174 in @entity1691 seem to be related to the extent of radiological involvement. A low lateral lumbar @entity79 is an important risk factor for @entity174 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX and @entity174 and related factors in @entity1 with @entity1691 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'Fracture', 'BMD status and vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity3574 :: ('OMIM:277300', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral factures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS', 'Ankylosing Spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: The goal of this study was to determine whether responses of the basilar artery to products released by platelets are altered during chronic @entity101 . The diameter of the basilar artery was measured using intravital microscopy in normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) (6-8 months old) in response to @entity1424 ( @entity857 ), @entity750 , and the @entity2871 analogue, @entity2872 . Dilatation of the basilar artery in response to @entity1242 was also examined in WKY and SHR. Topical application of @entity857 (10 and 100 microM) produced only minimal changes in diameter of the basilar artery in WKY (3 +/- 1% and 1 +/- 1%, respectively) and SHR (-0.5 +/- 2% and -2 +/- 3%, respectively) (P greater than 0.05 vs WKY). @entity1242 , however, produced potent vasodilatation in WKY and SHR. @entity9085 in response to @entity750 was potentiated in SHR compared to WKY. @entity750 (0.1 and 1.0 microM) constricted the basilar artery by 11 +/- 2% and 20 +/- 2%, respectively, in WKY and by 29 +/- 3% and 40 +/- 3%, respectively, in SHR (P less than 0.05 vs WKY). In contrast, the @entity2871 analogue ( @entity2872 ) (0.1 and 1.0 microM) produced similar constriction of the basilar artery in WKY (13 +/- 1% and 18 +/- 2%, respectively) and in SHR (14 +/- 3% and 21 +/- 6%, respectively). Thus, augmented vasoconstriction during chronic @entity101 was specific for @entity750 . Next, we examined the role of the cyclooxygenase pathway in responses of the basilar artery to @entity857 and @entity750 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Responses of the basilar artery to products released by platelets during chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin', 'nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['Constriction of the basilar artery']

entities_list: @entity1424 :: ('CHEBI:16761', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-diphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of @entity8673 on lipoproteins, Lp (a), apo B and apo A-I and its tolerability in primary @entity753 @entity1 in our outpatient lipid clinic. METHODS: Twenty-two primary @entity753 @entity1 were evaluated. They had all been treated previously with other hypocholesterolemic drugs, including the statins, forming a specific and homogeneous group with @entity1007 and definite coronary risk. After 7 weeks with American Heart Association phase I diet and placebo drug, @entity8673 was administered during 12 weeks. All @entity1 received an initial daily dose of 10 mg for six weeks. After this period, this dose was increased to 20 mg. The levels of @entity165 , @entity1674 , high-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein (a) and apolipoproteins @entity1938 were determined. RESULTS: No changes occurred with diet and placebo, but @entity8673 at a daily dose of 10 mg, reduced significantly @entity165 level (7.22%), LDL- @entity165 (13.08%) and increased HDL- @entity165 (7.81%). The results were better with 20 mg, achieving a reduction of (28.21%) in @entity165 , (36.88%) in LDL- @entity165 , (17.06%) in apo B level and an increase of (10.06%) in HDL- @entity165 . The smaller effect observed with the more commonly used dosage (10 mg/day) was most probably due to the characteristics of the sample with already established @entity1007 , being thus dependent of higher concentrations of medications, as observed in previous treatments in our outpatient clinic. Side affects with this drug were rare. No biochemical changes were observed that would interrupt the continuation of therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity8673 was well tolerated and promoted favorable changes in the total @entity165 , LDL, apo B and @entity165 /HDL and LDL/HDL ratios of primary @entity753 @entity1 .

title: [ @entity8673 effects on lipoproteins, Lp (a), apo B and apo A-1 in XXXX with @entity1007 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin', 'Pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To determine the outcome of pancreatic head resection for chronic @entity788 in the presence of @entity850 or occlusion we analyzed the blood supply of the upper abdominal organs in 11 @entity1 before and after surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between March 1994 and April 2000 we performed 145 pancreatic head resections for chronic @entity788 . Preoperatively 11 @entity1 showed @entity850 at angiography. All 11 @entity1 underwent duplex ultrasonography postoperatively and 8 had magnetic resonance angiography during follow-up. RESULTS: In two cases division of the median arcuate ligament was performed to reestablish hepatic artery blood flow. No further revascularization procedures of the celiac axis were necessary. Postoperative duplex ultrasonography and magnetic resonance angiography showed normal blood flow in five @entity1 . Four @entity1 still had an occlusion or a significant @entity850 , and two had a @entity850 only during expiration. At follow-up nine @entity1 were completely free of @entity490 (82%), and all had gained weight postoperatively, ranging from 5 to 16 kg. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity850 infrequently causes complications in pancreatic head resection for chronic @entity788 and therefore does not represent a contraindication for this procedure. Nevertheless the hepatopedal blood flow must be confirmed by palpation or duplex ultrasonography after pancreatic head resection in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX in pancreatic head resection for chronic @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['celiac axis stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Celiac axis stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity15505 ( @entity15505 ) gene polymorphisms have been shown to be implicated in @entity101 , @entity2316 , and other diseases. However, it remains unclear whether @entity15505 gene polymorphisms are involved in the development of primary @entity1985 (PNS) in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to assess the association between @entity63350 polymorphisms of @entity15505 gene and PNS in a group of Han @entity1 in Guangdong Province, China. METHODS: The genotype distribution and allele frequency of @entity15505 gene @entity63350 in 66 @entity1 with PNS and 60 healthy subjects (control group) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Allele frequency and genotype distribution showed no significant difference between the PNS and control groups whether in female or in male @entity1 (P>0.05). The PNS group was classified into the glucocorticoid-sensitive and glucocorticoid-resistant subgroups according to glucocorticoid treatment response. Subgroup analysis revealed that in female @entity1 , the frequency of GG genotype was 17% in the glucocorticoid-sensitive group vs 45% in the glucocorticoid-sensitive group (P=0.018); the frequency of G allele was 31% in the glucocorticoid-sensitive group vs 61% in the glucocorticoid-resistant group (P=0.023). In male @entity1 , the frequency of G genotype/G allele was 36% in the glucocorticoid-sensitive group vs 64% in the glucocorticoid-resistant group (P=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: There is no clear association between @entity15505 gene @entity63350 polymorphisms and childhood PNS, but @entity15505 gene @entity63350 polymorphisms might be associated with glucocorticoid treatment response in @entity1 with PNS. The G allele might be a genetic susceptibility factor of glucocorticoid resistance in @entity1 with PNS.

title: [Association between XXXX gene polymorphisms and childhood primary @entity1985 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity15505 :: ('59272', 'Gene') :: ['ACE2', 'Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity15505 :: (59272,Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme 2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the factor structure of the @entity22 Severity Index (ISI) across samples recruited from different countries. We tried to identify the most appropriate factor model for the ISI and further examined the measurement invariance property of the ISI across samples from different countries. METHODS: Our analyses included one data set collected from a Taiwanese sample and two data sets obtained from samples in Hong Kong and Canada. The data set collected in Taiwan was analyzed with ordinal exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to obtain the appropriate factor model for the ISI. After that, we conducted a series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), which is a special case of the @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) that concerns the parameters in the measurement model, to the statistics collected in Canada and Hong Kong. The purposes of these @entity3795 were to cross-validate the result obtained from EFA and further examine the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the ISI. RESULTS: The three-factor model outperforms other models in terms of global fit indices in Taiwan's population. Its external validity is also supported by confirmatory factor analyses. Furthermore, the measurement invariance analyses show that the strong invariance property between the samples from different cultures holds, providing evidence that the ISI results obtained in different cultures are comparable. CONCLUSIONS: The factorial validity of the ISI is stable in different populations. More importantly, its invariance property across cultures suggests that the ISI is a valid measure of the @entity22 severity construct across countries.

title: Validating the cross-cultural factor structure and invariance property of the @entity22 Severity Index: evidence based on ordinal EFA and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural equation model', 'SEM']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity3795 :: (31658,Species) :: ['CFA']


abstract: Exposure to heat stress in dairy @entity291 leads to undesired side effects that are reflected by complex alterations in endocrine parameters, such as reduced @entity1420 , @entity53 , and thyroid hormone concentrations. These endocrine maladaptation leads to failure to resume cyclicity, a poor uterine environment and inappropriate immune responses in postpartum dairy @entity291 . @entity2918 (PG's) are lipid mediators, which serve as signal molecules in response to various external stimuli as well as to cell-specific internal signal molecules. A central role in PG synthesis plays prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) that catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to @entity1421 .The present study was conducted to investigate heat stress associated PGES expression. Expression of PGES and inducible @entity1457 protein 70 (HSP70), as a putative chaperonic protein, was studied in @entity291 primary fibroblasts under different @entity1457 conditions. @entity291 primary fibroblasts produce @entity1421 at homoiothermical norm temperature (38.5  C in @entity291 ), but reduce @entity1421 production rates under extreme heat stress (at 45  C for 6 h). By contrast, @entity1421 production rates are maintained after a milder heat stress (at 41.5  C for 6 h). @entity1421 synthesis is abolished by application of cyclooxygenase inhibitor @entity3352 , indicating de novo synthesis. Heat stress increases HSP70 but not PGES protein concentrations. HSP70 physically interacts with PGES and the PGES-HSP70 complex did not dissociate upon heat stress at 45  C even after returning the cells to 37  C. The @entity1421 production negatively correlates with the portion of PGES-HSP70 complex. These results suggest a protein interaction between HSP70 and PGES in dermal fibroblast cells. Blockage of PGES protein by HSP70 seems to interfere with the regulatory processes essential for cellular adaptive protection.    2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.

title: Prostaglandin E synthase interacts with inducible XXXX protein 70 after heat stress in @entity291 primary dermal fibroblast cells.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cows', 'bovine', 'Bovine']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the histologic spectrum and clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity10053 and @entity302 and to analyze clinical data and treatment related to @entity410 outcome and survival. METHODS: Data were analyzed from 207 consecutive @entity1 with intractable @entity302 (aged 2-54 years), who between 1988 and 1999 had >or=50% resection of supratentorial, @entity10053 . Extent of resection was assessed on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); @entity410 outcome was classified according to Engel's outcome scale; and follow-up data were prospectively updated. RESULTS: Median follow-up was eight years (range, 2-14 years). Histologic examination revealed 154 classic @entity302 -associated @entity5 ( @entity7667 , @entity10053 , @entity1893 , and @entity816 ) and 53 others ( @entity816 and @entity3271 ). Four World Health Organization (WHO) grade III @entity5 were found ( @entity816 , n = 3; @entity7667 , n = 1). After surgery, 82% of the @entity1 were @entity410 free (class I). The following factors were associated with improved @entity410 outcome: Short duration of @entity302 before surgery, single EEG focus, absence of additional @entity131 or @entity6795 , transsylvian approach, other than @entity816 , and complete @entity5 resection. After 5 years, only nine (4%) @entity1 had @entity5 recurrence, four (2%) with @entity204 . None of the four @entity1 with @entity5 died. Even @entity1 with @entity816 of WHO grade II or III showed 10-year recurrence of only 25% and 10-year survival of 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Tumors associated with long-term @entity302 should be removed early for two different reasons: high rate of @entity410 freedom and rare but potential risk of @entity5 progression. The unexpected long survival of these @entity816 should be investigated by using immunohistochemistry and molecular biology.

title: The spectrum of long-term @entity302 -associated @entity5 : long-term @entity410 and XXXX outcome and neurosurgical aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'anaplastic tumors', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytomas', 'astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'drug-resistant epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor', 'neuroepithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglioma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation and death']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: 1. Interstitial fibroblast proliferation is an elemental feature in the development of @entity299 . The effects of inhibitors of the intracellular signalling proteins, @entity8047 , a kinase involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and @entity4357 3-kinase ( @entity10412 ), were tested on growth of cultured @entity1 cardiac fibroblasts. 2. Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from transplant recipient myocardium and made quiescent by serum deprivation for 48 h. Cells were incubated for 24 h with the inhibitors @entity4286 (0.3-30 mumol/L) and @entity2306 (1-25 mumol/L) in the presence and absence of platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB, 10 ng/mL). DNA synthesis was measured by @entity665 incorporation assay (20-24 h). 3. Both compounds markedly inhibited both basal and PDGF-stimulated increases in DNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Cardiac fibroblast DNA synthesis was reduced to near control levels by @entity4286 , while it was inhibited completely by @entity2306 . 4. These results implicate the importance of MAPK and @entity10412 activation in the signal transduction pathways necessary for cardiac fibroblast replication.

title: Inhibition of XXXX cardiac fibroblast mitogenesis by blockade of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Sedatives must be carefully titrated for @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) as oversedation may lead to disastrous respiratory outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relations between the effect-site concentration (Ce) of @entity1875 and sedation and @entity1224 levels in @entity1 with @entity27 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 25 @entity1 with @entity27 , sedation was induced by 2% @entity1875 using target-controlled infusion. Sedation and @entity1224 levels were assessed using the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale and a four-category scale, respectively. The relationships between @entity1875 Ce and sedation and @entity1224 were evaluated using a sigmoid Emax model. Pharmacodynamic modeling incorporating covariates was performed using the Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling VII software. RESULTS: Increased @entity1875 Ce correlated with the depth of sedation and the severity of @entity1224 . Predicted Ce50(m) (Ce associated with 50% probability of an effect>= m) for sedation scores (m>= 2, 3, 4, and 5) and @entity1224 scores (m>= 2, 3, and 4) were 1.61, 1.78, 1.91, and 2.17  g/mL and 1.53, 1.64, and 2.09  g/mL, respectively. Including the @entity27 index (AHI) as a covariate in the analysis of Ce50(4) for @entity1224 significantly improved the performance of the basic model (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The probability of each sedation and @entity1224 score was properly described using a sigmoid Emax model with a narrow therapeutic range of @entity1875 Ce in @entity27 @entity1 . @entity1 with high AHI values need close monitoring to ensure that airway patency is maintained during @entity1875 sedation.

title: Pharmacodynamic Estimate of XXXX -Induced Sedation and Airway Obstruction Effects in Obstructive Sleep @entity27 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'OSAHS', 'obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway-obstruction', 'airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['Propofol']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy of orgotein in the treatment of acute secondary effects of radiotherapy on @entity135 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected on 41 @entity1 who received radiotherapy for @entity5 of the head and neck. Radiotherapy was the exclusive treatment in 19.5% of cases, with surgery in 24.4%, chemotherapy in 48.8%, and with both in 7.3%. The @entity137 requiring use of orgotein was: oropharynx mucositis (26.8%), @entity1282 (34.2%), or both (39%), in grade 2 or more according to the RTOG scale. Orgotein (8 mg i.m.) was administered every 48 hrs until radiotherapy was finished. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 92.5%; a complete response was obtained in 12 @entity1 (30%) and partial in 25 (62.5%). The reduction in @entity137 at the end of radiotherapy was one grade in 18 @entity1 (45%), 2 grades in 16 (40%), 3 in 2 @entity1 (5%), and 4 grades in the only @entity1 with grade 4 acute @entity137 . A statistically significant influence was shown in obtaining complete response: @entity5 location (P = 0.037), duration of radiotherapy of more than 53 days (P = 0.002), discontinuation for non-toxic reasons (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: We consider that orgotein is highly effective in dealing with acute secondary effects of radiotherapy on the head and neck area.

title: The efficacy of orgotein in the treatment of acute @entity137 due to radiotherapy on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumors']


abstract: It is believed that chemokines and their receptors are involved in trafficking of T-cells to the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of the current study was to define the expression on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) T-cells of six chemokine receptors associated with trafficking to sites of @entity32 . Flow cytometry was used to detect chemokine receptor expression. We observed that CD3+T-cells in the CSF express a restricted array of inflammatory chemokine receptors, specifically @entity366 , @entity5075 and @entity14284 , but little @entity16951 -3. This repertoire was independent of the presence of CNS @entity32 , since comparable findings were obtained in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and individuals with @entity16 . The enrichment of @entity5075 +T-cells in the CSF could largely be explained by higher frequency of @entity404 +/CD45RO+T-cells in this compartment. In contrast, @entity404 +/CD45RO+T-cells expressing @entity366 were significantly enriched in CSF as compared with blood. Similar levels of @entity14284 +/CD3+T-cells were observed in blood and CSF, while levels of @entity9172 +/CD3+T-cells were lower in CSF than in blood. The CSF was virtually devoid of @entity5075 +/ @entity366 - T-cells, suggesting that the expression of @entity5075 alone is not sufficient for the trafficking of CD3+T-cells to the CSF. We hypothesize that @entity366 is the principal inflammatory chemokine receptor involved in intrathecal accumulation of T-cells in @entity15 . Through interactions with its ligands, @entity366 is proposed to mediate retention of T-cells in the inflamed CNS.

title: T-cells in the cerebrospinal fluid express a similar repertoire of inflammatory chemokine receptors in the absence or presence of CNS XXXX : implications for CNS trafficking.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['non-inflammatory neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The present light microscopic study describes the morphological changes which occur in the duodenal mucosa of the @entity291 fetus from the third month of gestation until birth with regard to the sequence of appearance and morphology of enterochromaffin cells. The mucosa of the duodenum is prepared for digestive activity during the first months of development. This becomes obvious in the early differentiation of the fetal intestinal mucosa. The enterocytes in villus epithelium contain glycogen in the early months. These glycogen pools seem to shrink during the following months. They may provide a metabolic reserve for the fetus, which derives all of its nutrition from @entity3363 . Enterochromaffin cells appear in the three month old @entity291 fetus with two cell-types situated in the epithelial lining of crypts and villi. The density of enterochromaffin cells increases during gestation. There were no findings to indicate that the fetal enterochromaffin cells did not originate from endoderm. The early appearance from enterochromaffin cells (which are the producers of @entity750 , @entity750 ) correlates with first @entity344 , which are known to commence in the first third of gestation, leading us to believe that @entity750 represents the chemical inducer of muscular motility in the developing intestine.

title: Development of the XXXX duodenum with reference to enterochromaffin cells.

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal movements']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Anisakid @entity2199 parasitize the alimentary tracts of aquatic vertebrates, including @entity25760 ( @entity25760 ) (NFS). The main purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence, intensity, and species composition of anisakids in NFSs on St. Paul Island, Alaska, and to analyze changes in NFS infection with these @entity2199 during the last decades. The study was carried out on St. Paul Island, Alaska, in July-August 2011-2013. Stomachs of 443 humanely harvested NFS males were collected from five separate haul-out areas. A total of 4,460 anisakid specimens were collected and identified by morphological criteria. Gross and histological examinations of stomachs were also performed. The overall prevalence of NFS infection was 91.2  %; overall mean intensity 10.9, and overall median intensity 6. Five species, @entity1542 s. l., Contracaecum osculatum s. l., Pseudoterranova decipiens s. l., P. azarazi and Phocascaris cystophorae, were found. The prevalence of Anisakis was 46.5  %, its intensity 7.5. The prevalence and intensity of Contracaecum, Pseudoterranova, and Phocascaris were 33.6  % and 3.5, 81.9  % and 6.5, and 5.2  % and 1.7, respectively. Significant differences in the prevalence of NFS infection were observed between separate haul-outs. Comparison of the present data with the results of studies performed in the North Pacific in the 1960s, showed a significant decrease in the intensity of NFS infection with anisakids during the last decades. The prevalence of @entity3137 in NFS stomachs caused by anisakids also decreased from 92 to 20.9  %. Possible reasons for the changes in NFS infection with anisakids are discussed.

title: Anisakids (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from stomachs of @entity25760 ( XXXX ) on St. Paul Island, Alaska: parasitological and pathological analysis.

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1542 :: ('6269', 'Species') :: ['Anisakis simplex']

entities_list: @entity25760 :: ('34884', 'Species') :: ['Callorhinus ursinus', 'northern fur seals']

answer: @entity25760 :: (34884,Species) :: ['Callorhinus ursinus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) are new-generation stents placed in the parent artery at the level of the @entity439 neck to disrupt the intra-aneurysmal flow thus favoring intra-aneurysmal @entity715 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review article is to define the indication and results of the treatment of @entity438 by @entity19806 , reviewing 18 studies of endovascular treatment by @entity1652 for a total of 1704 @entity439 in 1483 @entity1 . METHODS: The medical literature on @entity1652 for @entity438 was reviewed from 2009 to December 2014. The keywords used were: " @entity438 ," " @entity438 ," "flow diverter," "pipeline @entity887 device," "silk flow diverter," "surpass flow diverter" and "FRED flow diverter." RESULTS: The use of these stents is advisable mainly for unruptured @entity439 , particularly those located at the internal carotid artery or vertebral and basilar arteries, for fusiform and dissecting @entity439 and for @entity439 with large necks and low dome-to-neck ratio. The rate of @entity439 progressively increases during follow-up (81.5% overall rate in this review). The non-negligible rate of @entity63 (mean 4.1%) and @entity548 (mean 2.9%) complications, the @entity16 (mean 3.5%) and the reported mortality (mean 3.4%) are the main limits of this technique. CONCLUSION: Treatment with @entity1652 is a feasible and effective technique for unruptured @entity439 with complex anatomy (fusiform, dissecting, large neck, bifurcation with side branches) where coiling and clipping are difficult or impossible. @entity1 selection is very important to avoid complications and reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality. Further studies with longer follow-up are necessary to define the rate of complete occlusion.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX using flow-diverter devices: A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['FDDs', 'Flow-diverter devices']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'saccular aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysm occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['brain aneurysms', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To research if the improvement in psychomotor development observed during the treatment of @entity3147 , is related to favorable changes in the speed of nerve conduction and in the excretion of @entity5581 ( @entity104 ). DESIGNED OF THE STUDY: Prospective, of a descriptive type, includes the follow-up of @entity1 during the first month of treatment. APPLICATION: To better know the impact which @entity3147 has on mental development. @entity1 : Nine @entity1 , ranging from three to 15 months of age, gravely undernourished. INTERVENTION: The neurological development, the speed of nerve conduction and the excretion of @entity104 were evaluated at 10 day intervals. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Using the Gesell technique in order to evaluate the development, the measurement of conduction through the medial and external popliteal sciatic nerves and @entity104 excreted in 24 hours, a quantitative increase of all of these variables was seen in 24 hours. At the beginning the conduction speed was slow (less than 30 m/s) and the excretion of @entity104 was very low (0.28 mg/24 h). After the tenth day these measurements returned to normal, although the development coefficient was found to still below at the end of the study (63.9 +/- 21.0). CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous to the @entity51 , there is a reduced speed of conduction, which returns to normal after the tenth day without a positive correlation with motor functions and development. Neither does the disponibility of @entity750 (judged by the excretion of @entity104 ) correlate with the speed of conduction.

title: [Behavioral development and nerve conduction velocity during recovery from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5581 :: ('MESH:D006897', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxy-indole acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to reduce @entity7493 in older @entity1 during hospitalisation an early interdisciplinary intervention is needed. We developed a protocol which includes screening for @entity3147 , @entity1282 and @entity2700 on admission, followed by immediate interventions. OBJECTIVE: To assess effectiveness of the protocol on nutritional status, hospital-acquired @entity6227 , and to evaluate the protocol s economical feasibility. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled study. SETTING: The inpatient geriatric service of a university hospital (UMC Nijmegen) and a geriatric ward of a non-academic teaching hospital (Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem). SUBJECTS: 298 older @entity1 (>60 years). METHODS: One of the geriatric wards applied the protocol (N=140) while the other provided standard care (N=158). All non-terminally ill @entity1 admitted for more than two days were included. Body mass was measured on admittance and discharge and hospital-acquired @entity6227 were scored and costs related to nutrition, @entity281 and length of hospital stay were assessed. RESULTS: There was a 0.8 kg loss (SEM 0.3 kg) in average weight in the standard care group and a 0.9 kg gain (SEM 0.2 kg) in the intervention group (p<0.001). The number of hospital acquired @entity281 was significantly lower in the intervention group (33/140 versus 58/158, p=0.01) but no significant difference in number of @entity1 with pressure sores (23/140 versus 33/158) was found. Costs were not significantly different: 7516 versus 7908 @entity7634 / @entity1 for intervention versus controls, respectively. CONCLUSION: An early interdisciplinary intervention approach can be effective in reducing @entity7493 and related @entity580 and appears to be economically feasible.

title: Cost-effectiveness of an interdisciplinary intervention in geriatric inpatients to prevent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-energy malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired infections']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['infections and pressure sores']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: The predictive value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in @entity64 @entity1 has not yet been established. We investigated the prognostic value of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) detection by CCTA, and determined the incremental risk stratification benefit of CCTA findings as compared to coronary artery calcium scores (CACS) in @entity385 @entity1 without @entity662 . Methods: Among 914 consecutive @entity385 @entity1 , 317 (68.5% were male with a mean age of 64 years) who had at least one clinical risk factor for @entity453 without @entity662 were prospectively enrolled to undergo CCTA. CT images were assessed for CAC, presence of @entity453 and extent of @entity453 . The primary endpoint was major adverse @entity299 (MACEs) defined as @entity204 , non-fatal @entity583 , @entity1459 requiring hospitalization, or revascularization after 90 days from index CCTA. Results: The prevalence of CAC >= 1 was 73.1% (232/317) and the average CACS was 346.6      693.5 (Agatston unit). During the median follow-up period of 409 days, there were a total of 26 MACEs. Both CACS [CAC (101-400, and >400)] and CCTA findings [presence of @entity453 ( @entity66 ), 2- @entity66 , and 3- @entity66 ] independently stratified risk of future MACEs (all p  <  0.05). The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that @entity453 findings (presence of obstructive @entity453 and number of involved vessels) based on CCTA improved risk stratification beyond clinical risk factors and CACS (iAUC: 0.863 vs 0.752, p  <  0.05). Conclusion: In @entity385 @entity1 without @entity662 , CCTA findings of @entity453 provide additional risk-discrimination over CACS.

title: Prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'obstructive CAD, 1-vessel disease', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: A 21-year-old @entity1 developed @entity1269 during work and was hospitalized. Her National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 4. Hyperintense areas in the left basal ganglia, corona radiata, and cortex of the temporal lobe were found by brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, indicating acute @entity385 . Echocardiography showed a giant mass of diameter 7 * 4   cm in the left atrium. Therefore, she was diagnosed with @entity999 due to a left @entity4615 . Currently, thrombolytic therapy may continue to be effective because the @entity887 may be composed of @entity5 tissue itself. In case of @entity4615 , we considered that the use of tPA as emergency treatment in all @entity1 with @entity1188 by @entity4615 may be questioned. Thus, @entity4617 extraction was performed the next day after hospitalization without thrombolytic therapy. The excised @entity3291 measured 7 * 6 * 4   cm. The @entity1 recovered and her neurological symptoms also improved. Furthermore, her National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score improved to 0. Thirteen days after admission, the @entity1 was discharged from our hospital. @entity299 is often associated with a high risk of @entity887 , which emphasizes the need for prompt surgical excision as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed.

title: Prevention of XXXX progression by emergency surgery of the left @entity4615 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumor']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic source', 'embolic episodes']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac myxoma']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity999 :: (MESH:D020766,Disease) :: ['cerebral embolism']


abstract: The authors have previously shown that conditioning of the diaphragm for continuous bilateral pacing is a feasible and effective means of ventilation in @entity1 with complete respiratory paralysis from high cervical (above C3) @entity1688 . The present study reports the long-term results of continuous diaphragmatic pacing. Twelve @entity1688 @entity1 underwent bilateral phrenic nerve pacemaker placement and diaphragm conditioning from 1981 to 1987. Pacing was initiated at 11 Hz and progressively decreased to 7.1 Hz. A pulse train duration of 1.3 seconds for adults and 0.9 seconds for @entity1 was used. Long-term follow-up information obtained included pacing status (full-time, part-time, or mechanical ventilation), ventilation parameters, and social circumstances. Of the 12 @entity1 , 6 continued to pace full time (mean 14.8 years); all were living at home. Three @entity1 paced for an average of 1.8 years before stopping; two were institutionalized. One @entity1 who paced full time for 6.5 years before lapsing to part time, lived at home. Two @entity1 were deceased; one paced continuously for 10 years before his demise, the other stopped pacing after 1 year. @entity1 who stopped full-time pacing did so mainly for reasons of inadequate social or financial support or associated medical problems. All @entity1 demonstrated normal tidal volumes and arterial blood gases while pacing full time. Despite theoretical concerns about long-term nerve damage, no @entity1 lost the ability to pace the phrenic nerve. Threshold currents did not increase over time (original/follow-up: 0.46/0.47 for right, 0.45/0.46 for left), nor did maximal currents (original/follow-up: 1.16/1.14 for right, 1.37/1.26 for left). This follow-up confirms that @entity1688 @entity1 are able to meet long-term, full-time ventilation requirements using phrenic nerve stimulation of the conditioned diaphragm. Careful review of diaphragmatic pacing candidates with respect to associated medical conditions, social support, and motivation is essential for appropriate @entity1 selection and successful long-term results.

title: Long-term follow-up of pacing of the conditioned diaphragm in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegic', 'quadriplegia']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['quadriplegia']


abstract: We performed a controlled prospective study of pathologically verified @entity944 ( @entity944 ) in a coronial setting, to identify risk factors. We prospectively studied coronial deaths of @entity1 with @entity302 in Vic., Australia, during a 21-month period. Fifty @entity944 and 50 subjects with @entity302 who died of other causes (controls) were collected sequentially. Clinical data was obtained shortly after @entity204 from questionnaires completed by treating doctors, discussion with family members and coronial files, including police reports of @entity204 , autopsy and toxicology reports. Factors assessed were age, sex, duration of @entity302 , type of @entity410 (s), @entity410 frequency, @entity302 , including post-traumatic @entity302 , presence of structural @entity75 , @entity3762 , @entity1032 , @entity146 , including @entity303 , recent stressful life event, particular @entity734 ( @entity734 ) and AED polytherapy, compliance with AED treatment, psychotropic drug prescription, @entity167 and other @entity734 , place of @entity204 and evidence of terminal @entity410 . The @entity944 group was characterised by younger age and higher proportion found dead in bed and with evidence of terminal @entity410 compared to controls. The profile of @entity1 at risk for @entity944 are young @entity1 with @entity302 . They are most likely to die in sleep and our data support the view that @entity944 is a @entity410 -related event. This, taken in conjunction with the finding that there was no increased risk associated with a particular AED in monotherapy or multiple @entity734 suggests that attempts to better treat @entity1 ' @entity302 with @entity734 might decrease the risk of @entity944 . Although the literature suggests that @entity944 is more frequent in @entity1 with severe @entity302 , we did not find a correlation with @entity410 frequency suggesting that other clinical indices may be more important.

title: Risk factors for XXXX : a controlled prospective study based on coroners cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden unexpected death in epilepsy', 'SUDEP']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'substance abuse', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden unexpected death in epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Determination of the efficacy and safety of vaginally administered low dose (25 microg) micronized @entity53 in the management of @entity1 with urogenital symptoms. METHODS: A total of 1612 @entity1 with @entity790 were randomized to receive 25 microg of micronized @entity53 (n=828) or placebo (n=784) in a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study running for 12 months. Female @entity1 were treated once a day over a period of 2 weeks, and then twice a week for the remaining of the 12 months with an active or placebo tablet. The assessment included full history-questionnaire, micturition diary, gynecologic and cystometric examination, transvaginal ultrasound, and serum @entity53 level determination. It was carried out at the beginning, and after 4 and 12 months of treatment. RESULTS: The overall success rate of micronized @entity53 and placebo on subjective and objective symptoms of postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity194 was 85.5%, and 41.4%, respectively. A significant improvement of @entity194 was determined in vaginal ERT group as compared with the beginning of the study (51.9% vs. 15.5%, P=0.001). The maximal cystometric capacity (290 ml vs. 200 ml, P=0.023), the volume of the urinary bladder at which @entity1 first felt urgency (180 vs. 140, P=0.048), and strong desire to void (170 ml vs. 130 ml, P=0.045) were significantly increased subsequent to the micronized @entity53 treatment. The number of @entity1 with uninhibited bladder contractions significantly decreased following micronized @entity53 as compared with pretreatment values (17/30, P=0.013). Side effects were observed in 61 (7.8%) @entity1 treated with low dose micronized @entity53 . Therapy with 25 microg of micronized @entity53 did not raise serum @entity172 level nor stimulated endometrial growth. CONCLUSIONS: Local administration of 25 microg of micronized @entity53 is an effective and a safe treatment option in the management of @entity1 with @entity790 .

title: Local @entity172 treatment in XXXX with urogenital symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['urinary atrophy symptoms', 'vaginal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital complaints']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']