abstract: @entity299 damages the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Irreversible blockade of electron transport at complex I by @entity3788 @entity2806 to cardiac mitochondria by decreasing the loss of cytochrome c and preserving respiration through cytochrome oxidase. Therapeutic intervention to protect myocardium during @entity63 and reperfusion requires the use of a reversible inhibitor that allows resumption of oxidative metabolism during reperfusion. @entity20611 is a reversible inhibitor at the @entity3788 site of complex I. We asked whether @entity20611 administered immediately before @entity63 protected respiratory function. Isolated @entity35 hearts were perfused for 15 min followed by 25-min global @entity63 at 37 degrees C. @entity20611 -treated hearts received drug for 1 min before @entity63 . Subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar (IFM) populations of mitochondria were isolated after @entity63 , and oxidative phosphorylation was measured. @entity20611 protected oxidative phosphorylation, including through cytochrome oxidase, in both SSM and IFM in a dose-dependent manner, with an optimal dose of 2 to 2.5 mM. @entity20611 also preserved cytochrome c content in both SSM and IFM. Thus, reversible blockade of the electron transport chain during @entity63 protects mitochondrial respiration.

title: Blockade of electron transport before XXXX with the reversible inhibitor @entity20611 protects @entity35 heart mitochondria.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['decreases ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity20611 :: ('MESH:D000654', 'Chemical') :: ['amobarbital', 'Amobarbital']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Monocytic tissue factor (TF), an @entity1003 , is often activated under various inflammatory conditions including @entity5694 . This activation could be a contributing factor to the manifestation of disseminated @entity5642 following @entity326 . HYPOTHESIS: We herein determine if extracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ](ex)) regulates bacterial endotoxin ( @entity558 )-inducible monocytic TF activation. METHODS: We have employed a model monocytic cell line ( @entity1357 ) to explore the mode of action of [ @entity141 ](ex) on the modulation of @entity558 -induced TF activation. TF activity was measured by a single stage clotting assay, while TF expression as well as @entity558 recognition and its receptor expression were studied in immunofluorescent approaches. RESULTS: @entity558 -induced TF activation was inversely correlated to [ @entity141 ](ex). Upon exposure of @entity1357 cells to @entity558 (1.5 microg ml(-1)) for 6 h in the Hanks' medium without @entity3282 , TF was activated by nearly 10-fold. TF activation appreciably decreased with the increasing [ @entity141 ](ex). No more than 3.5-fold TF activation was detected at 5 mM [ @entity141 ](ex). Consistent with the significantly lower degree of TF activation, @entity558 -induced TF expression at 5 mM [ @entity141 ](ex) was 60 per cent less than that without [ @entity141 ](ex). FACScan analysis showed that @entity558 recognition was significantly blocked at 5 mM [ @entity141 ](ex) which however had no effect on the expression of @entity5750 and @entity9536 , the proposed major @entity558 receptors. Moreover, @entity558 binding in vitro was significantly inhibited by 5 mM CaCl(2). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that [ @entity141 ](ex) blocked @entity558 recognition without affecting its receptor expression on @entity1357 monocytes. This insensitivity to @entity558 thereby resulted in the depressed inducible monocytic TF expression and activation.

title: Extracellular XXXX suppresses endotoxin-inducible tissue factor activation in monocytic @entity1357 cells.

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['initiator of extrinsic blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet aggregation is modulated by blood flow. We investigated whether platelet function is altered during percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty in @entity1 with @entity731 obliterans. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from the iliac artery in 9 lower limbs of 7 @entity1 undergoing percutaneous balloon angioplasty of the iliac artery. An agonists-induced @entity1423 test was performed with an aggregometer. Femoral blood flow was measured with a Doppler velocimeter before and after the procedure. RESULTS: Before dilatation, the maximum @entity1423 rates (+/- SEM) induced by @entity45561 , @entity1425 , and @entity1426 were 54.7% +/- 5.8%, 64.8% +/- 4.3%, and 60.5% +/- 6.1%, respectively. After angioplasty, these values reduced to 36.7% +/- 4.1%, 36.1% +/- 8.6%, and 40.1% +/- 5.0%, respectively (P < .05). The pre-procedural ankle-brachial pressure index, mean flow rate, mean velocity, and shear stress variation were 0.63 +/- 0.1, 218.1 +/- 32.1 mL/min, 9.4 +/- 1.1 cm/sec, and 60.6 +/- 17.7 dyne/cm2, respectively. The mean velocity at the stenotic lesion was 215.1 +/- 83.9 cm/sec, which was significantly greater than those of the distal artery or after angioplasty (P < .01). Both ankle-brachial pressure index and shear stress variation increased after angioplasty to 0.99 +/- 0.07 (P < .05) and 139.8 +/- 17.0 (P < .05) dyne/cm2, but the mean flow rate and the mean velocity (198.3 +/- 24.5 mL/min and 8.8 +/- 1.2 cm/sec after angioplasty) did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that activated platelet function at a stenosed artery was decreased after angioplasty, possibly because of normalized blood flow with @entity8 .

title: Modulation of @entity1423 after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the iliac artery for XXXX obliterans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of stenotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity45561 :: ('CHEBI:22256', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine phosphate']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare head to head the indices of left ventricular contractile reserve assessed by high-dose @entity452 in the five-year prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1000 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study in a tertiary care centre. @entity1 : 63 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1000 . INTERVENTIONS: High-dose @entity452 stress echocardiography was performed in progressive stages lasting 5 min each. Wall motion score index, ejection fraction, cardiac power output and end systolic pressure to volume ratio were evaluated as indices of left ventricular contractility. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Five-year cardiac mortality. RESULTS: During the follow up of 59 @entity1 , 27 (45.8%) died of cardiac causes. According to Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic analyses all indices of contractile reserve differentiated @entity1 with respect to @entity204 . Wall motion score index achieved the @entity3987 (log rank 21.75, p < 0.0001, area under the curve 0.84), followed by change in ejection fraction (log rank 11.25, p = 0.0008, area under the curve 0.79), end systolic pressure to volume ratio (log rank 14.32, p = 0.0002, area under the curve 0.75) and cardiac power output (log rank 9.84, p = 0.0017, area under the curve 0.71). Cox's regression model identified wall motion score index as the only independent predictor of @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: These data show that all examined indices of left ventricular contractile reserve are predictive of five-year prognosis, but change in wall motion score index may have the greatest prognostic potential.

title: Head-to-head comparison of indices of left ventricular contractile reserve assessed by high-dose XXXX stress echocardiography in @entity1000 : five-year follow up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity3987 :: ('MESH:D057826', 'Disease') :: ['best separation']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: Previous studies in microdissected @entity35 inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) segments have demonstrated that @entity5402 , @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ), and the V2 vasopressin receptor agonist @entity7580 ( @entity7062 ) induce a similar increase in intracellular @entity141 . The present study tested whether these agents activate the phosphoinositide hydrolysis pathway. In intracellular @entity671 (IP3) measurements, we found that IMCD suspensions incubated with @entity1831 or @entity7062 (10(-8) M) displayed no measurable increase in IP3, whereas IMCD suspensions incubated with the muscarinic cholinergic agent @entity5402 (100 microM) induced a significant increase in IP3 production. Similarly, @entity5402 , but not @entity1831 or @entity7062 , induced a significant increase in membrane-associated @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) enzyme activity. To test what specific @entity7131 isoforms are activated by @entity5402 in IMCD, we first characterized the @entity7131 isoforms in IMCD suspensions by immunoblotting using affinity-purified antibodies against different @entity7131 isoforms. We identified one classic @entity7131 isoform (alpha), three novel @entity7131 isoforms (delta, epsilon, eta), and one atypical @entity7131 isoform (zeta) in the IMCD. @entity5402 induced a cytosol-to-membrane translocation of the @entity7131 -eta isoform but did not alter the distribution of any other isoform. In contrast, @entity1831 had no effect on the distribution of any @entity7131 isoform tested. These data, taken together, demonstrate that @entity5402 is an activator of the phosphoinositide hydrolysis pathway in IMCD but do not demonstrate signaling via this pathway in response to @entity1831 or @entity7062 . These results suggest that the previously observed @entity1831 -stimulated @entity141 mobilization in IMCD may be due to a mechanism other than activation of the phosphoinositide hydrolysis pathway.

title: Phosphoinositide signaling in XXXX inner medullary collecting duct.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity7580 :: ('CHEBI:4450', 'Chemical') :: ['1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: B lymphocytes are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity15 . We aimed to assess efficacy and safety of two dose regimens of the humanised anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody ocrelizumab in @entity1 with @entity3780 @entity15 . METHODS: We did a multicentre, randomised, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 79 centres in 20 countries. @entity1 aged 18-55 years with @entity3780 @entity15 were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) via an interactive voice response system to receive either placebo, low-dose (600 mg) or high-dose (2000 mg) ocrelizumab in two doses on days 1 and 15, or intramuscular interferon beta-1a (30  g) once a week. The randomisation list was not disclosed to the study centres, monitors, project statisticians or to the project team at Roche. All groups were double blinded to group assignment, except the interferon beta-1a group who were rater masked. At week 24, @entity1 in the initial placebo, 600 mg ocrelizumab, and interferon beta-1a groups received ocrelizumab 600 mg; the 2000 mg group received 1000 mg. Our primary endpoint was the total number of @entity2287 -enhancing lesions (GEL) and T1-weighted MRI at weeks 12, 16, 20, and 24. Analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00676715. FINDINGS: 218 (99%) of the 220 randomised @entity1 received at least one dose of ocrelizumab, 204 (93%) completed 24 weeks of the study and 196 (89%) completed 48 weeks. In the intention-to-treat population of 218 @entity1 , at week 24, the number of @entity2287 -enhancing lesions was 89% (95% CI 68-97; p<0  0001) lower in the 600 mg ocrelizumab group than in the placebo group, and 96% (89-99; p<0  0001) lower in the 2000 mg group. In exploratory analyses, both 600 mg and 2000 mg ocrelizumab groups were better than interferon beta-1a for GEL reduction. We noted serious adverse events in two of 54 (4%; 95% CI 3  0-4  4) @entity1 in the placebo group, one of 55 (2%; 1  3-2  3) in the 600 mg ocrelizumab group, three of 55 (5%; 4  6-6  3) in the 2000 mg group, and two of 54 (4%; 3  0-4  4) in the interferon beta-1a group. INTERPRETATION: The similarly pronounced effects of B-cell depletion with both ocrelizumab doses on MRI and relapse-related outcomes support a role for B-cells in disease pathogenesis and warrant further assessment in large, long-term trials. FUNDING: F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Biogen Idec Inc.

title: Ocrelizumab in @entity3780 XXXX : a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Preclinical and clinical evidence supports a theory of @entity750 ( @entity750 [ @entity750 ]) dysregulation in @entity6426 . We therefore studied the @entity49544 ( @entity49544 ) and @entity701 responses following challenges with the postsynaptic @entity750 receptor agonist @entity15015 (m-CPP), 0.5 mg/kg orally, the @entity750 precursor @entity9484 , 100 mg/kg intravenously, and placebo in a group of 28 normal weight bulimic @entity1 and 16 healthy controls. @entity1 with @entity6426 , regardless of the presence of @entity308 , had significantly blunted @entity49544 responses following m-CPP administration compared with those in controls. In contrast, only bulimic @entity1 with concurrent @entity308 had significantly blunted @entity49544 responses following @entity9484 administration compared with those in nondepressed bulimic @entity1 and controls. @entity701 responses following m-CPP were not significantly different for bulimic @entity1 vs controls, although there was a trend toward blunted @entity701 responses following @entity9484 administration in the depressed bulimic @entity1 . These differences in neuroendocrine responses were not related to differences in age, percent of average body weight, medications, time of day, peak plasma drug levels, or baseline @entity53 levels. Seasonal variations in @entity49544 responses to both agents were identified, although covariation for season did not alter the group differences. The @entity49544 responses following m-CPP administration were inversely correlated to baseline @entity701 levels in the bulimic @entity1 , but not in the controls, suggesting a dampening effect by @entity1640 on postsynaptic @entity750 receptor sensitivity. The reasons for the differing hormonal responses to these two serotonergic agents may relate to differential involvement of presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms, @entity750 receptor subtypes, and anatomical loci of action. The blunted @entity49544 responses to m-CPP administration suggest that postsynaptic @entity750 receptor sensitivity is altered in @entity1279 , and that similar alterations in @entity750 receptors at or above the level of the hypothalamus may contribute to binge eating and other behavioral symptoms.

title: Neuroendocrine responses to XXXX and @entity9484 in @entity6426 .

entities_list: @entity9484 :: ('CHEBI:16828', 'Chemical') :: ['L-tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity15015 :: ('MESH:C015068', 'Chemical') :: ['m-chlorophenylpiperazine']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa']

answer: @entity15015 :: (MESH:C015068,Chemical) :: ['m-chlorophenylpiperazine']


abstract: Most urologists' clinical experience is that @entity249 is a rare presenting sign of life-threatening medical disorders in @entity1 . Considering the current practice of infertile couples presenting to the gynecologist for initial evaluation and the popularity of assisted reproductive technology, many @entity1 are evaluated with a semen analysis alone and treatment instituted without urologic consultation. This may cause a delay in the diagnosis of a significant medical illness or misdiagnosis of a potentially treatable cause of @entity4810 . We reviewed the records of 1236 new @entity4810 @entity1 presenting to Bowman Gray School of Medicine and Baylor Medical College in an attempt to determine the frequency of significant medical disease in @entity1 presenting with @entity249 and whether any pattern of semen analysis findings was predictive of these disorders. Thirteen @entity1 , or 1.1% of the total population, were found to have a significant medical illness upon full urologic evaluation (Table 5). @entity5 were found in six, @entity4097 in one, @entity1313 in three, genitourinary @entity600 in two, and a @entity2008 in one. Interestingly, one of these @entity1 was a physician with bilateral @entity5 who had an abnormal semen analysis and had undergone multiple cycles of intrauterine insemination before referral. We could not identify a pathognomonic pattern on semen analysis that would allow us to predict the presence of medical illnesses in these 13 @entity1 . Sperm counts ranged from azoospermic to almost normal semen parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Life-threatening conditions associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male factor infertility', 'male infertility']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular tumors', 'testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumor']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality']

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['male infertility']


abstract: @entity3069 complex (MAC), the most frequent cause of opportunistic nontuberculous @entity358 , is made up of a group of intracellular pathogens that are able to survive and multiply inside lung alveolar macrophages. As nebulized liposomes are reported to be effective to target antibacterial agents to macrophages, in this work we have prepared and characterized re-dispersible freeze-dried @entity1215 (RFP)-loaded vesicles by using soy lecithin (SL) and a commercial, enriched mixture of soy @entity2434 (Phospholipon 90, P90) with or without @entity165 . The obtained results showed that RFP could be loaded stably in SL vesicles only when @entity165 was not present in the film preparation, whereas with P90 vesicles, the highest stability was obtained with formulations prepared with P90/ @entity165 7:1 or 4:1 molar ratios. RFP-liposome aerosols were generated using an efficient high-output continuous-flow nebulizer, driven by a compressor. After the experiments, nebulization efficiency (NE%) and nebulization efficiency of the encapsulated drug (NEED%) were evaluated. The results of our study indicated that nebulization properties and viscosity of formulations prepared with the low-transition-temperature phospholipids, SL and P90, are affected by vesicle composition. However, all formulations showed a good stability during nebulization and they were able to retain more than 65% of the incorporated drug. The effect of liposome encapsulation on lung levels of RFP following aerosol inhalation was determined in @entity35 . The in vitro intracellular activity of RFP-loaded liposomes against MAC residing in macrophage-like @entity19 cells was also evaluated. Results indicated that liposomes are able to inhibit the growth of MAC in infected macrophages and to reach the lower airways in @entity35 .

title: XXXX -loaded liposomes for the passive targeting to alveolar macrophages: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['Rifampicin']


abstract: Improved efficacy in the treatment of @entity308 may be achieved by the combined use of several antidepressants. In the present study, acute administration of the novel @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor antagonist @entity32739 , as well as the representative antidepressants @entity2645 , @entity905 , and @entity906 , shortened the duration of immobility in the @entity19 tail suspension test with a minimal effective dose of 5 mg/kg. When tested in combination, the antidepressant-like effects of 5 mg/kg @entity2645 , 20 mg/kg @entity905 , and 5 mg/kg @entity906 were potentiated by @entity32739 (2.5 mg/kg), a dose that alone did not produce a significant effect on the duration of immobility. These effects seemed to be specific, because they were not accompanied by significant effects on locomotor activity. The enhanced antidepressant-like activity produced with the different combinations was not synergistic as determined by comparing the theoretical and observed ED(50) values for each combination. In separate experiments, Northern blot analysis showed that a 14-day treatment with @entity2645 (10 mg/kg b.i.d.) increased @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) mRNA expression in the cortex, whereas @entity32739 (5 mg/kg b.i.d.) decreased it. Combined treatment produced no effect on @entity9140 mRNA expression. @entity19 treated with @entity2645 or @entity32739 for 14 days and tested shortly after the last dose demonstrated significant shortening of immobility, and the combined treatment produced an even greater antidepressant-like effect. Together, these data support the view that @entity143 receptor antagonists enhance the potency of antidepressants, but they leave open the question as to whether enhanced @entity9140 expression is a necessary feature of the antidepressant-like effect.

title: Enhancement of antidepressant-like effects but not XXXX mRNA expression by the novel @entity1024 receptor antagonist @entity32739 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity32739 :: ('MESH:C114144', 'Chemical') :: ['neramexane']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

answer: @entity9140 :: (12064(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate our learning-curve experience with laparoscopic management of @entity1204 . METHODS: Retrospective review of our first 125 @entity1 with @entity1204 who were managed laparoscopically. The @entity1 population was reviewed in a chronological manner, noting @entity1 demographics, operative procedure and times, estimated @entity190 , hospital stay, complications, and pathology. RESULTS: Overall, the mean age was 68.6 years (range 29-89), the mean weight was 160 pounds (range 97-328), and the mean Quetelet index was 27.8 (range 17.8-56.4). @entity3 was discovered in 28.8% (17/59) of @entity1 with grade 2 or 3 lesions. There was no statistically significant variation in any of these parameters throughout the study. Operative times for staging without lymphadenectomy decreased significantly from a mean of 163 minutes to 99 minutes (p < .001). Operative times for staging with lymphadenectomy decreased from a mean of 196 minutes to 128 minutes (p < 0.02). Hospital stay decreased from a mean of 3.2 days in the first quarter of our study to 1.8 days (p < .0001). The overall average complication rate of 4% (two enterotomies, two cystotomies, and a transected ureter) did not vary. However, the rate of conversion to laparotomy dropped significantly from 8% (2/25) to 0% (0/100). CONCLUSIONS: We found that operative times and hospital stays for laparoscopic staging of @entity1204 continued to drop after 125 cases. While the ability to detect metastatic disease and the rate of major complications appear unrelated to length of the operator experience, the conversion rate to laparotomy decreases with operator experience. @entity4207 must be recognized by physicians, @entity1 , and researchers for a host of reasons.

title: Laparoscopic staging of XXXX : the learning experience.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Learning-curve parameters']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of the current study were to verify the impact of flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid index on clinical outcome in @entity1204 and to assess whether its value is independent from the other clinical-pathologic features. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective series 74 cases of @entity1204 with surgery performed at our institution were studied. Flow cytometry was performed on fresh @entity5 samples. The median follow-up period was 31 months (range 8 to 52). Disease-free survival and actuarial survival were the end points of the study. RESULTS: Among the 74 @entity1 (53 with diploid and 21 with @entity5 ) there were 14 recurrences and 10 @entity204 caused by the disease. The recurrence rate was 7.5% for the diploid and 47.6% for the @entity5 (p < 0.001). Mortality was 3.8% for diploid and 38% for aneuploid cases (p < 0.001). Disease-free survival was 89.1% in the former group and 36.3% in the latter. Actuarial survival (Kaplan-Meier method) was 94.7% and 49.5%, respectively. @entity3141 index, stage (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics), and grade of differentiation were significantly correlated with survival, whereas age, depth of @entity3 , and histologic type were not. In a multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards) deoxyribonucleic acid index was the strongest independent predictor of clinical outcome, followed by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, whereas grade of differentiation yielded no independent prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS: The flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid index is an important independent prognosticator, and its determination should be included in the standard management of @entity1204 .

title: Prognostic value of flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid index in XXXX : comparison with other clinical-pathologic parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3141 :: ('CHEBI:16991', 'Chemical') :: ['Deoxyribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'aneuploid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: Aggregation and precipitation are major pitfalls during bioprocessing and purification of recombinant @entity1 basic fibroblast growth factor (rh- @entity540 ). In order to gain high yields of the soluble protein monomer with high biological activity, an efficient downstream process was developed, focussing on the combination of expanded bed adsorption (EBA) and heparin chromatography. After expression in @entity526 TG1:plambdaFGFB, cells were harvested and washed; then the rh- @entity540 was released via high pressure homogenization. The high viscosity of the feedstock of about 40 mPa s, showing non-newtonian behaviour, was reduced to 2 mPa s by the addition of DNase. The homogenate (5.6 l) was loaded directly on an expanded bed column (C-50) packed with the strong cation-exchanger Streamline SP. In the eluates, histone-like (HU) protein was identified as the main protein contaminant by sequence analysis. The thermodynamics and kinetics of rh- @entity540 adsorption from the whole broth protein mixture were determined in view of competition and displacement effects with host-derived proteins. Optimal binding and elution conditions were developed with knowledge of the dependence of rh- @entity540 adsorption isotherms on the salt concentration to allow direct application of eluates onto Heparin HyperD. This affinity support maintained selectivity and efficiency under CIP and over a wide range of flow-rates; both is advantageous for the flexibility of the purification protocol in view of a scalable process. Remaining DNA and HU protein were separated by Heparin HyperD. The endotoxin level decreased from approximately 1,000,000 EU/ml in the whole broth to 10 EU in 3 mg @entity540 per ml. The final purification protocol yields >99% pure rh- @entity540 as judged from @entity214 -PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry with high mitogenic activity (ED50=1-1.5 ng/ml) of the lyophilized sample. In comparison to the conventional process, the overall protein recovery rose by 15% to 65% with saving time and costs.

title: Preparative two-step purification of recombinant @entity1 basic fibroblast growth factor from high-cell-density cultivation of XXXX .

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The Multicentric Study for the Evaluation of Treatment and Follow-up of @entity4784 (EMETYST project) recruited 311 @entity4521 addicts who asked for treatment between March and July, 1985, and who have been followed for two years. The sample was obtained from 16 specialized outpatient drug-free clinics. 78% of @entity1 were males, their mean age was 24 years, and 73% lived with their parents or relatives. During the last year, 53% had been working and 17% had been in jail, 61% had started treatment for the first time. Throughout the follow up a reduction in the use of @entity4521 , @entity835 and tranquilizers was observed, as well as an improved psychological status and a reduction in illegal activities. By contrast, the use of @entity2072 , @entity167 and @entity286 did not change. There was no increase, either, in the proportion of @entity1 who either studied or worked, and their judicial status, as measured by the number of police arrests, trials and imprisonments, showed a deterioration. The improvements found after 6 months persisted throughout the follow up. After 2 years, 54% abstained from @entity4521 use. The @entity1 that remained more than 90 days on therapy and those without previous judicial procedures had a better overall outcome.

title: [Outcome of a sample of XXXX addicts 2 years after the beginning of treatment (project EMETHYST)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['Narcotic Addicts']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

answer: @entity4521 :: (MESH:D003932,Chemical) :: ['heroin']


abstract: This paper aims to remind paediatric clinicians to suspect and confirm 'PFAPA' syndrome ( @entity221 , @entity7809 , @entity7551 and cervical @entity3298 ). We report two cases of @entity751 : a 3-year-old healthy @entity1 with @entity2490 and a @entity1 aged 8 years 5 months who simultaneously had @entity1333 treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Both met Marshall's criteria. The literature regarding @entity751 was complied using a Medline search for articles published between 1963 and 1998 and we then reviewed the reference lists of the articles. The Medline search revealed 28 cases with available clinical manifestations, management and prognosis. Our study describes two additional cases. We divided the cases into typical (28 cases) and atypical (two cases) @entity751 . In typical PFAPA, the age of onset was less than 5 years in most cases and the @entity1 presented 4.9 +/- 1.4 days of fever (100%), @entity7551 (89.3%), cervical @entity3298 (72.1%), @entity3136 (71.4%), malaise (64.3%), @entity10 (60.7%), @entity490 (53.6%) and @entity390 / @entity391 (17.9%). Afebrile intervals were 3.2 +/- 2.4 months and increased with age. The time from initial onset to final episode was 3 years 7 months +/- 3 years 6 months. The total number of episodes was 8.3 +/- 2.5 (range 6-14). Effective treatment included @entity230 , tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy and @entity4444 . The general outcome was good. In atypical PFAPF, the clinical manifestations were similar to those of typical PFAPA except that the age of onset was more than 5 years, and life-threatening intestinal perforation happened once in a @entity1 with underlying @entity11807 . It was concluded that typical @entity751 is benign and can be diagnosed by detailed history-taking and from physical findings during repeated febrile episodes with tests to rule out other @entity221 . A review of the literatures since the first report in 1987 has shown that typical @entity751 is not associated with significant long-term sequelae and has a good response to @entity230 . One @entity1 with atypical PFAPA, who received low-dose @entity230 for over 1 year, developed intestinal perforation after an increment of the 7-day @entity134 dose. If an underlying problem requires long-term immunosuppressive medication, it is wiser to choose @entity4444 rather than increasing the @entity134 dosage to resolve atypical PFAPA.

title: @entity751 ( @entity221 , XXXX , @entity7551 , @entity3298 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['Adenitis syndrome', 'adenitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic vasculitis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['Aphthous stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis', 'Pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['atopic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['PFAPA syndrome']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Periodic Fever', 'periodic fever syndromes']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ["Fanconi's anaemia"]

answer: @entity7809 :: (MESH:D013281,Disease) :: ['Aphthous stomatitis']


abstract: @entity656 ( @entity656 ) is a common @entity74 with severity varying from mild to fatal disease. Predicting a @entity1 's outcome remains problematic. The aim of this study was to analyze a large consecutive series of @entity1 with severe @entity656 and to identify prognostic factors for hospital mortality. Between 1989 and 1997, a consecutive series of 270 @entity1 with severe @entity656 were included in the study. All @entity1 fulfilled the criteria of Atlanta classification for severe @entity656 . Retrospectively and prospectively collected data included age, gender, etiology, number of previous episodes of @entity788 , medication history, type of admission, body-mass index (BMI), @entity1576 , @entity177 , need for pressor support, and abdominal surgery performed during hospitalization. The overall mortality rate was 24.4%. In univariate survival analysis advanced age, history of continuous medication, @entity1 transferred from other hospital, high BMI, respiratory or @entity177 , need for pressor support, and need for abdominal surgery were significant prognostic factors for hospital mortality. In a multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis, the need of pressor support, @entity177 requiring dialysis, advanced age, history of continuous medication and need for abdominal surgery were identified as independent prognostic factors for mortality. A logistic regression analysis of variables available on admission (the first seven above mentioned variables) showed that transferral admission, advanced age, and history of continuous medication were independent prognostic factors for mortality. In @entity1 with severe @entity656 , advanced age, history of continuous medication, and need for dialysis, mechanical ventilator support, and pressor support predict fatal outcome and thus should be taken into account in clinical evaluation.

title: Severe acute XXXX : prognostic factors in 270 consecutive @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pancreatitis', 'AP']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal disorder']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most studies have suggested that elevated body mass index (BMI) was associated with the risk of @entity204 from all cause and from specific causes. However, there was little evidence illustrating the effect of BMI on the mortality in elderly @entity101 @entity1 in Chinese population. METHODS: The information of 10,957 @entity101 @entity1 at baseline not less than 60 years were from Xinzhuang, a town in Minhang district of Shanghai, was extracted from the Electronic Health Record (EHR) system. All study @entity1 were divided into eight categories of baseline BMI (with cut-points at 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30 kg/m(2)). Relative hazard ratio of @entity204 from all cause, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular cause by baseline BMI groups were calculated, standardized for sex, age, smoking, drinking, physical activity, systolic blood pressure, history of @entity65 , serum lipid disturbance, @entity6 and antihypertensive drug treatment. RESULTS: DURING FOLLOW UP (MEDIAN: 3.7 years), 561 @entity204 occurred. Underweight (BMI<18 kg/m(2)) was associated with significantly increased mortality from all cause mortality (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.43-2.79) and non @entity65 (OR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.87-4.07), but not with @entity65 . For the cause specific analysis, the underweight was associated significantly with @entity5 (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.16-4.00) and @entity1576 (OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 1.64-7.06). The results for total mortality and specific cause mortality were not influenced by sex, age and smoking status. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed an association between underweight and increased mortality from @entity65 in elderly @entity101 @entity1 in Chinese community. Overweight and @entity28 were not associated with all cause or cause specific @entity204 .

title: Association of body mass index with cause specific XXXX in Chinese elderly @entity101 @entity1 : Minhang community study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders', 'cardiovascular mortality', 'non-cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate associations, including non-linear relationships, between cognitive function and @entity167 consumption, testing for moderating effects of age and gender and for differences across outcome measures. Design Cross-sectional general population samples of three age cohorts. Setting Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia. @entity1 : The total sample of 7485 consisted of 2404 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20-24 years, 2530 aged 40-44 years, and 2551 aged 60-64 years, selected from the electoral rolls. Measurements Self-report data using hand-held computers provided weekly @entity167 consumption from the @entity167 Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) frequency, quantity and binge-drinking items, and socio-demographic factors. Spot-the-Word, digits backwards, the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), immediate recall and reaction-time tests were conducted by trained interviewers. FINDINGS: Findings varied across dependent variables, but there was a general tendency for light drinkers (up to 20/10 g @entity167 per day in @entity1 / @entity1 , respectively) to perform better than abstainers, occasional drinkers or those drinking at hazardous/harmful levels (>40/20 g per day in @entity1 / @entity1 ). Poorer performance of hazardous/harmful drinkers was seen only in @entity1 , whereas that of abstainers was evident in both sexes but was stronger in @entity1 . After adjustment for education and race, male hazardous/harmful drinkers no longer performed significantly less well than light drinkers, whereas male and female abstainers and occasional drinkers still did so. CONCLUSIONS: Abstainers have poorer cognitive function than light drinkers and further investigation is needed to determine what factors contribute to this.

title: Non-linear relationships between cognitive function and XXXX consumption in young, middle-aged and older adults: the PATH Through Life Project.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Domestic @entity235 comprehend @entity1 gestural communication flexibly, particularly the pointing gesture. Here, we examine whether @entity235 interpret pointing informatively, that is, as simply providing information, or rather as a command, for example, ordering them to move to a particular location. In the first study a @entity1 pointed toward an empty cup. In one manipulation, the @entity235 either knew or did not know that the designated cup was empty (and that the other cup actually contained the food). In another manipulation, the @entity1 (as authority) either did or did not remain in the room after pointing. @entity235 ignored the @entity1 's gesture if they had better information, irrespective of the authority's presence. In the second study, we varied the level of authority of the @entity1 pointing. Sometimes this @entity1 was an adult, and sometimes a young @entity1 . @entity235 followed @entity1 's pointing just as frequently as they followed adults' pointing (and ignored the dishonest pointing of both), suggesting that the level of authority did not affect their behavior. Taken together these studies suggest that @entity235 do not see pointing as an imperative command ordering them to a particular location. It is still not totally clear, however, if they interpret it as informative or in some other way.

title: Do domestic XXXX interpret pointing as a command?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'human', 'person']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Organ culture of blood vessels is a useful technique to investigate the long-term effects of drugs. Organ culture in a serum-free condition is so far the best way to maintain differentiated cell function. However some functional changes may occur from freshly isolated blood vessel (fresh) presumably due to lack of some key factors for vascular homeostasis in the medium. We investigated the long-term effects of addition of adult rat serum on @entity934 -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR). @entity35 isolated mesenteric arteries were cultured for 3 days without (0% serum) or with 3% serum. In 0% serum, EDR was significantly impaired from fresh, whereas @entity1854 -induced relaxation of smooth muscle didn't change. Addition of 3% serum significantly normalized the impaired EDR. Acute treatment with @entity898 or a mitochondrial inhibitor, @entity3788 normalized the impaired EDR in 0% serum. Mitochondrial @entity224 production increased in the endothelium with 0% serum, which was normalized by 3% serum. Mitochondrial membrane potential increased in the endothelium with 0% serum, which was not normalized by 3% serum. In summary, the increased endothelial mitochondrial membrane potential in 0% serum may lead to mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production and subsequent impairment of EDR. Addition of adult serum normalized the impaired EDR in part through inhibiting the increased mitochondrial ROS but not the membrane potential.

title: Addition of adult serum improves endothelium-dependent relaxation of organ-cultured @entity35 mesenteric artery via inhibiting mitochondrial reactive XXXX species.

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-l-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The routine use of arteriography for evaluating penetrating @entity130 is undergoing reevaluation in the adult literature. Its role in @entity1 is less clear. Eighty-seven @entity1 treated for penetrating extremity @entity130 over a 5-year period were studied retrospectively to define the usefulness of arteriography. The ages ranged from 2 to 16 years. Twenty-four arteriograms were performed. Twelve were for @entity1 who exhibited physical signs of @entity1317 (diminished pulse, distal @entity63 , expanding @entity1410 , or bruits/thrills over the wound). The other 12 were performed on asymptomatic @entity1 with wounds in proximity to major vessels. Two other @entity1 with ongoing @entity548 were taken directly to the operating room. Of the 12 arteriograms performed for abnormal physical signs, eight (67%) showed @entity1317 . None of the studies performed for proximity alone had abnormal results (P < .01). Ten of 10 @entity1 with @entity1317 had abnormal physical findings, whereas only four of 77 @entity1 without @entity1317 had abnormal findings (sensitivity 100%, specificity 95%). Eighty-five percent of @entity1 have had follow-up in the pediatric surgery clinic, and no missed injuries or complications have been discovered. Timely diagnosis and repair is the cornerstone for successful management of @entity1317 . While the arteriogram is an important adjunct in @entity1 who have abnormal physical findings, proximity to major vessels alone fails to identify @entity1 at risk for significant injuries. Angiography may not be warranted in @entity1 whose physical examination results are normal. Noninvasive modalities such as B-mode ultrasound and Doppler may have future application in the evaluation of these cases.

title: Arteriography in the evaluation of penetrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['extremity injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['pediatric extremity injuries']


abstract: The metastrongyloid @entity2199 genus @entity22032 includes 18 species, two of which are relevant from a medical standpoint, @entity22032 and @entity23699 . The first was described from Costa Rica in 1971 and causes @entity3853 in the Americas, including in Brazil. @entity23699 , first described in 1935 from Canton, China, is the causative agent of @entity693 . The natural definitive hosts are rodents, and molluscs are the intermediate hosts. Paratenic or carrier hosts include crabs, freshwater shrimp, amphibians, flatworms, and fish. @entity1 become infected accidentally by ingestion of intermediate or paratenic hosts and the parasite does not complete the life cycle as it does in @entity35 . Worms in the brain cause @entity693 . This zoonosis, widespread in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands, has now been reported from other regions. In the Americas there are records from the United States, Cuba, Jamaica, Brazil, Ecuador, and Haiti. In Brazil seven @entity1 cases have been reported since 2007 from the southeastern and northeastern regions. Epidemiological studies found infected specimens of @entity35 and @entity5698 as well as many species of molluscs, including the giant African land snail, Achatina fulica, from various regions of Brazil. The spread of angiostrongyliasis is currently a matter of concern in Brazil.

title: XXXX and @entity23699 disease in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity3853 :: ('MESH:C536369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal angiostrongyliasis']

entities_list: @entity5698 :: ('10117', 'Species') :: ['Rattus rattus']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity23699 :: ('6313', 'Species') :: ['Angiostrongylus cantonensis']

entities_list: @entity22032 :: ('334426', 'Species') :: ['Angiostrongylus', 'Angiostrongylus costaricensis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Rattus norvegicus', 'rats']

answer: @entity23699 :: (6313,Species) :: ['Angiostrongylus cantonensis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Th-2 cytokine milieu including @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) was detected in @entity358 . Chronic @entity7448 ( @entity7448 ) may be also accompanied by marked fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine if @entity3646 ( @entity9597 ) play any role in the clinical presentation and pathogenesis of chronic @entity7448 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 originally investigated for @entity401 and finally diagnosed affected with chronic @entity7448 and @entity370 were prospectively enrolled into the study. Concentrations of @entity3646 , @entity9597 -aplha and total protein were assessed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of all enrolled subjects as well as high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scores and pulmonary function tests. RESULTS: BALF @entity9597 and total protein concentrations were significantly higher in chronic @entity7448 @entity1 (p < 0.05). Concentrations of BALF @entity9597 were significantly higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 (p < 0.05) in @entity7448 group. Total protein BALF levels were significantly elevated in ex-smokers with @entity7448 compared to nonsmokers (p < 0.05). A positive correlation (p < 0.01) between @entity9597 BALF concentrations and HRCT interstitial scores were observed in chronic @entity7448 group; the @entity9597 /total protein ratio showed the same significant positive correlation. A negative correlation between lung function results and @entity9597 , and @entity9597 /total protein as well, was also found (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest a clinical relevance for the @entity3646 / @entity9597 axis in the etiopathogenesis of chronic @entity7448 . @entity9597 could serve as a potential biomarker of lung fibrogenesis.

title: Role of XXXX and its receptor in clinical presentation of chronic @entity7448 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity7448 :: ('MESH:D000542', 'Disease') :: ['EAA', 'extrinsic allergic alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity3646 :: ('3565', 'Gene') :: ['IL-4', 'interleukin 4', 'IL-4 and its receptor']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['interleukin 4']


abstract: The reciprocal translocation t(7;11)(p15;p15) has been reported as occurring mainly in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and the acute phase of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). This translocation in @entity3052 involves both the @entity24416 gene @entity41791 on 11p15 and the homeobox gene @entity29475 on 7p15. The invariant chimaeric @entity41791 / @entity29475 transcripts are a result of the fact that each breakpoint of the @entity41791 and the corresponding breakpoint of the @entity29475 gene cluster occur within the same intron. Only one @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) carrying this chromosome aberration has been reported, but this study did not involve molecular analysis. We describe two @entity1 with @entity2590 associated with t(7;11): @entity1 1 was a Japanese @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6130 ; @entity1 2 was a Japanese @entity1 with @entity417 in transformation. Within a year both @entity1 developed @entity3052 and showed multidrug resistance to chemotherapy. Southern blot analysis showed rearrangements of the @entity41791 gene of the two @entity1 and the @entity29475 gene of @entity1 2. @entity1 1 had two types of the novel @entity41791 / @entity29475 fusion transcripts. Each of them lacked the common 141 bp @entity41791 exon which was contained in the @entity41791 / @entity29475 fusion transcripts detected in @entity1 2 and the reported @entity3052 cases. These data indicated that t(7;11) could determine the development of various @entity1778 and that the resultant chimaeric transcripts are heterogenous.

title: Molecular heterogeneity of the @entity41791 / XXXX fusion transcript in @entity2590 associated with t(7;11)(p15;p15).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anaemia with excess of blasts']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukaemias']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukaemia']

answer: @entity29475 :: (3205,Gene) :: ['HOXA9']


abstract: Impedance plethysmography (IPG) has high sensitivity and specificity in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) while it fails to detect asymptomatic @entity1150 . The aim of this study was to determine whether the features of thrombi such as location, size and occlusiveness could explain the different accuracy of IPG in symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1150 @entity1 . One-hundred and seventeen consecutive outpatients with a clinical suspicion of @entity1150 and 246 consecutive @entity1 undergoing hip surgery were admitted to the study. In symptomatic @entity1 IPG was performed on the day of referral, followed by venography, while in asymptomatic @entity1 IPG was performed as a surveillance programme, followed by bilateral venography. A venography proved @entity1150 was observed in 37% of the symptomatic @entity1 and 34% of the asymptomatic limbs. A significantly higher proportion of proximal DVTs was found in symptomatic @entity1 than in asymptomatic @entity1 (78% vs 46%; p = 0.001). The mean Marder score, taken as an index of @entity715 size, was significantly higher in symptomatic @entity1 than in asymptomatic @entity1 (19.0 vs 9.6; p = 0.0001). A significantly higher proportion of occlusive DVTs was observed in symptomatic than in asymptomatic @entity1 (69% vs 36%; p = 0.001). We conclude that the unsatisfactory diagnostic accuracy of IPG in asymptomatic @entity1150 is due to the high prevalence of distal, small and non occlusive thrombi. Such thrombi are unlikely to cause a critical obstruction of the venous outflow and therefore to produce a positive IPG.

title: Features of thrombi and diagnostic accuracy of impedance plethysmography in symptomatic and asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is characterized by @entity10469 to the central nervous system. All the current drugs for @entity15 target the immune system. Although effective in reducing new lesions, they have limited effects in preventing the progression of disability. Promoting oligodendrocyte-mediated remyelination and recovery of neurons are the new directions of @entity15 therapy. The endogenous opioid system, consisting of @entity6253 , @entity2911 , @entity31901 and their ligands, has been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of @entity15 . However, the exact receptor and mechanism remain elusive. Here we show that genetic deletion of @entity31901 exacerbates experimental autoimmune @entity1651 , whereas activating @entity31901 with agonists alleviates the symptoms. @entity31901 does not affect immune cell differentiation and function. Instead, it promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination both in vitro and in vivo. Our study suggests that targeting @entity31901 might be an intriguing way to develop new @entity15 therapies that may complement the existing immunosuppressive approaches.

title: XXXX activation alleviates experimental autoimmune @entity1651 and promotes oligodendrocyte-mediated remyelination.

entities_list: @entity10469 :: ('MESH:D020274', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune damage']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity31901 :: (4986,Gene) :: ['Kappa opioid receptor']


abstract: The HLA haplotype was studied in 143 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent @entity6 subjects resident in the province of Varese who attended the clinic between March 1987 and June 1993. The frequency with which the various loci of the histocompatibility system were observed was compared with that reported in 83 non- @entity6 subjects not related to the @entity6 taking part in the study. The relative risk (RR) was calculated using these data and its statistical significance was assessed using the chi-square test. 70.6% of subjects were positive for loci @entity4106 or @entity4107 , whereas only 7.7% (11 subjects) were found to be carriers of eterozygous @entity47508 . This percentage is lower than that generally reported in the literature. However, even in the authors personal experience heterozygous @entity47508 subjects represent the greatest relative risk in absolute terms (RR = 14.49). The presence of antigen DQw2 is strongly indicative of the disease, both when it is found in an isolated form and in association with @entity4106 or @entity4107 (RR = 2.56, 4.03, 3.29 respectively). The @entity4106 / @entity4107 /DQw2 axis gives a RR of 9.17. The associations of B8/ @entity4106 / @entity4107 and B8/ @entity4106 /DQw2 give a RR of 9.17, whereas the @entity47509 axis gives a RR of 10.47. In this series, the lowest risk of developing the disease was provided by the DR2/ @entity6103 axis (RR 0.28); DR2 alone gave a RR of 1.84 and @entity6103 alone gave a RR of 0.62. The discrepancies reported with the literature may be related to ethnic variations, thus giving added weight to the hypothesis of the heterogeneity of @entity1723 .

title: [Major histocompatibility complex antigens in a population of insulin-dependent XXXX living in the Province of Varese].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: The usefulness of non-specific chemotherapy for advanced @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ) is controversial. We report on 2 young female @entity1 (25 and 19 yr) who presented with a clinical picture of @entity699 due to histologically confirmed @entity1636 . The first @entity1 underwent radical surgery, but after a disease-free interval of 6 months a local recurrence was apparent. She was reoperated and treated with 6 courses of @entity900 and @entity2879 chemotherapy. @entity8449 (8 g daily) was begun, but 2 months later debulking surgery was again performed. A second-line chemotherapy with the @entity2879 , @entity632 , @entity900 (EAP) scheme attained a partial remission lasting 7 months, then metastatic spread to the brain led to death of the @entity1 . The survival time was 30 months. The second @entity1 underwent radical surgery and adjuvant @entity8449 (4 g daily), but multiple lung and mediastinal metastases were diagnosed after an interval of 29 months. Chemotherapy with the EAP regimen (6 courses) without interrupting @entity8449 attained a partial remission lasting 21+ months. We suggest that the EAP scheme is active in advanced @entity1636 and that its association with @entity8449 is feasible.

title: Favorable response of metastatic @entity1636 to @entity2879 , @entity632 and XXXX (EAP) chemotherapy. Report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity8449 :: ('MESH:D008939', 'Chemical') :: ['mitotane', 'Mitotane']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'adrenocortical carcinoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: @entity47083 is a currently used agricultural fungicide. It is also used as an additive in the production of latex gloves. Because of these uses, there is a potential for @entity1 exposure to this compound. @entity211 ( @entity212 ) has been used as an insecticide, fungicide, disinfectant, and ingredient in antifouling paints. Currently, it is used as a wood preservative for power-line poles and fence posts. Measurable levels of @entity212 have been detected in @entity1 blood and urine. In previous studies we demonstrated that both these compounds could cause very significant inhibition of the @entity5 -killing function of @entity1 natural killer (NK) cells. NK lymphocytes play a central role in immune defense against @entity1800 and the formation of @entity5 . So interference with their function could increase the risk of @entity5 development. In the present study we examined the effects of exposure to ziram or @entity212 of brief duration (1 h) on the ability of NK cells to destroy @entity5 cells. NK cells were exposed to either @entity47083 (5-0.5 microM) or @entity212 (10-5 microM) for 1 h followed by 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, or 6 days in compound-free media and then were tested for the ability to lyse as well as to bind @entity5 cells. A 1-h exposure to as little as 2.5 microM ziram decreased the ability of NK cells to lyse target @entity5 cells, which persisted up to 6 days following exposure. The loss of lytic function for from 24 h to 6 days following exposure was accompanied by a comparable loss of NK capacity to bind @entity5 cells. Exposure to 10 microM @entity212 for 1 h caused a progressive loss (greater than 80%) of lytic function within 6 days of exposure. In contrast to ziram, @entity212 exposure caused no accompanying loss of binding function.

title: Persistent inhibition of XXXX natural killer cell function by ziram and @entity211 .

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentachlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Emergency management of pediatric @entity174 and dislocations requires effective analgesia, yet @entity1 's @entity158 is often undertreated. We compared the safety and efficacy of @entity3575 - versus @entity3652 - based protocols. METHODOLOGY: @entity1 5 to 15 years of age needing emergency @entity174 or joint reduction (FR) were randomized to receive intravenous @entity1363 plus either @entity3575 (F/M) or @entity3652 (K/M). Measures of efficacy were observational distress scores and self- and parental-report. Measures of safety were frequency of abnormalities in and need for support of cardiopulmonary function and other adverse effects. RESULTS: During FR, K/M subjects (n = 130) had lower distress scores and parental ratings of @entity158 and @entity148 than did F/M subjects (n = 130). Although both regimens equally facilitated reductions, deep sedation, and procedural @entity2730 , orthopedists favored K/M. Recovery was 14 minutes longer for K/M. Fewer K/M subjects had @entity519 (6% vs 25%), needed breathing cues (1% vs 12%), or required @entity26 (10% vs 20%) than did F/M subjects. Two K/M subjects required assisted ventilation briefly. More K/M subjects vomited. Adverse emergence reactions were rare but equivalent between regimens. CONCLUSIONS: During emergency pediatric orthopedic procedures, K/M is more effective than F/M for @entity158 and @entity148 relief. @entity1576 occurred less frequently with K/M, but respiratory support may be needed with either regimen. Both regimens facilitate reduction, produce @entity2730 , and rarely cause emergence @entity933 . Vomiting is more frequent and recovery more prolonged with K/M.

title: Comparison of @entity3575 / @entity1363 with XXXX / @entity1363 for pediatric orthopedic emergencies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dyspepsia is not uncommon in @entity1 undergoing ablation of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in gastric myoelectrical activity and its relationship to the outcome after ablation by electrogastrography (EGG). METHODS AND RESULTS: The study prospectively enrolled 32 @entity1 : 16 @entity1 (Group 1) had @entity955 and 16 (Group 2) had paroxysmal supraventricular @entity591 . The myoelectricity-like signals of the gastrointestinal tract were recorded using EGG before, immediately, and 3 months after ablation. Both fasting and postprandial abnormal gastric wave percentages increased immediately after ablation in Group 1 when compared with before ablation. Increased fasting (12.8    15.2% vs. 22.3    21.0%, P=0.04) and postprandial (10.4    6.2% vs. 21.2    14.5%, P=0.01) bradygastria percentages were noted immediately after ablation in Group 1 when compared with before ablation. These findings were not observed in Group 2. The normal gastric wave percentage returned to baseline 3 months after procedure. In total, 4 (25%) @entity1 in Group 1 had a recurrence of @entity955 after a follow-up of 18    3 months; those without recurrence had a significantly higher percentage of postprandial abnormal gastric waves immediately after ablation when compared with recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Transient @entity943 with bradygastria does occur in @entity955 @entity1 after ablation, which may indicate periesophageal vagal plexus damage after ablation. Careful application of radiofrequency energy to prevent @entity1208 is important.

title: A novel finding- impairment of gastric myoelectricity after catheter ablation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal injury']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute triggers for @entity385 , which may include @entity281 , are understudied, as is whether background @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk modifies such triggering. We hypothesized that @entity281 increases @entity64 , especially among those with low @entity65 risk. METHODS: Hospitalized @entity64 and @entity281 were identified in the @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. A case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression were used to compare hospitalized @entity281 among @entity1 with @entity64 (14, 30, 42, and 90 days before @entity64 ) with corresponding control periods 1 year and 2 years before @entity64 . Background @entity65 risk was assessed at both visit 1 and the visit most proximal to @entity64 , with risk dichotomized at the median. RESULTS: A total of 1008 adjudicated incident @entity63 @entity64 were included. Compared with control periods, hospitalized @entity281 was more common within 2 weeks before @entity64 (14-day odds ratio [OR], 7.7; 95% CI, 2.1-27.3); the strength of association declined with increasing time in the exposure window before @entity64 (30-day OR, 5.7 [95% CI, 2.3-14.3]; 42-day OR, 4.5 [95% CI, 2.0-10.2]; and 90-day OR, 3.6 [95% CI, 2.1-6.5]). @entity64 risk was higher among those with low compared with high @entity65 risk, with this interaction reaching statistical significance for some exposure periods. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that hospitalized @entity281 is a trigger of @entity385 and may explain some cryptogenic @entity64 . Infection control efforts may prevent @entity64 . @entity65 preventive therapies may prevent @entity64 if used in the peri- @entity281 period, but clinical trials are needed.

title: Hospitalized Infection as a Trigger for Acute @entity385 : The XXXX Risk in Communities Study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke', 'acute stroke risk']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: This study was designed to compare the activity of skeletal muscle @entity6211 palmitoyltransferase I ( @entity42134 ) in trained and inactive @entity1 (n = 14) and @entity1 (n = 12). @entity42134 activity was measured in intact mitochondria, isolated from needle biopsy vastus lateralis muscle samples ( approximately 60 mg). The variability of @entity42134 activity determined on two biopsy samples from the same leg on the same day was 4.4, whereas it was 7.0% on two biopsy samples from the same leg on different days. The method was sensitive to the @entity42134 inhibitor @entity1285 (88% inhibition) and therefore specific for @entity42134 activity. The mean @entity42134 activity for all 26 subjects was 141.1 +/- 10.6 micromol . @entity1009 . kg wet muscle (wm)-1 and was not different when all @entity1 vs. all @entity1 (140.5 +/- 15.7 and 142.2 +/- 14.5 micromol . @entity1009 . kg wm-1, respectively) were compared. However, @entity42134 activity was significantly higher in trained vs. inactive subjects for both @entity1 (176.2 +/- 21.1 vs. 104.1 +/- 13.6 micromol . @entity1009 . kg wm-1) and @entity1 (167.6 +/- 14.1 vs. 91.2 +/- 9.5 micromol . @entity1009 . kg wm-1). @entity42134 activity was also significantly correlated with @entity1792 synthase activity (all subjects, r = 0.76) and maximal @entity26 consumption expressed in milliliters per kilogram per minute (all subjects, r = 0.69). The results of this study suggest that @entity42134 activity can be accurately and reliably measured in intact mitochondria isolated from @entity1 muscle biopsy samples. @entity42134 activity was not affected by gender, and higher activities in aerobically trained subjects appeared to be the result of increased mitochondrial content in both @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: @entity1 skeletal muscle XXXX palmitoyltransferase I activity determined in isolated intact mitochondria.

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

entities_list: @entity1285 :: ('MESH:D008316', 'Chemical') :: ['malonyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity6211 :: (MESH:D002331,Chemical) :: ['carnitine']


abstract: @entity238 is a useful model to investigate mucosal immunity. The immune response to @entity281 is mediated partly by the @entity3230 ( @entity3230 ) pathway, which only gets activated by a type of peptidoglycan lacking in several medically important Gram-positive bacterial species such as Staphylococcus. Thus, the intestinal host defense against such bacterial strains remains poorly known. Here, we have used Staphylococcus xylosus to develop a model of @entity281 by Gram-positive bacteria. S. xylosus behaves as an opportunistic pathogen in a @entity130 model, being able to kill only flies immunodeficient either for the @entity36803 pathway or the cellular response. When ingested, it is controlled by @entity3230 -independent host intestinal defenses, yet flies eventually die. Having excluded an overreaction of the immune response and the action of toxins, we find that flies actually succumb to starvation, likely as a result of a competition for @entity969 between the bacteria and the flies. Fat stores of wild-type flies are severely reduced within a day, a period when sucrose is not yet exhausted in the feeding solution. Interestingly, the @entity36803 pathway mutant @entity46207 is more resistant to the ingestion of S. xylosus and to starvation than wild-type flies. @entity46207 flies do not rapidly deplete their fat stores when starved, in contrast to wild-type flies. Thus, we have uncovered a novel function of @entity46207 in the regulation of metabolism that appears to be independent of its known roles in immunity and development.

title: A negative role for @entity46207 in the resistance to starvation as revealed in an @entity281 of XXXX with the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus xylosus.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal infections']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['Immune deficiency', 'IMD']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['septic injury']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: @entity1328 is a subacute or chronic @entity262 with a cosmopolitan nature, caused by @entity375 of the genus @entity1327 . The model of @entity1328 in @entity19 with @entity466 ( @entity466 ) is useful for immunological and therapeutic study of the disease in @entity465 hosts. @entity2379 , @entity2380 and @entity4895 are the drugs most commonly used to treat @entity1328 . @entity5074 is a @entity10998 with high bioavailability, large distribution volume, and excellent penetration of the central nervous system. The objective of this study was to evaluate treatment with @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ), @entity5074 (VRC), and @entity11015 , used in combination with VRC, of experimental @entity358 in a @entity19 model ( @entity466 ). The animals were inoculated intravenously (iv) with a solution containing 3.0   10(5) viable cells of @entity1327 ATCC 90112, (serotype A). Treatments were performed with @entity2379 (1.5 mg/kg/day), @entity5074 (40.0 mg/kg/day) and @entity11015 (1.5 mg/kg/day) combined with VRC (40.0 mg/kg/day); began 1 day after the @entity281 ; were daily; and lasted 15 days. Evaluations were performed using analysis of the survival curve and isolation of @entity375 in the lung tissue. There was a significant increase in survival in groups treated with @entity11015 combined with VRC, compared with the untreated group and groups receiving other treatments (P < 0.05). In the group treated only with VRC and @entity11015 combined with VRC, there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the isolation of @entity1327 in lung tissue. @entity2379 combined with @entity5074 may be an effective alternative to increasing survival and may reduce @entity375 in the lung tissue of @entity19 with @entity358 and @entity466 .

title: @entity5074 , combined with @entity2379 , in the treatment for @entity358 caused by C. neoformans (serotype A) in XXXX with @entity466 ( @entity466 ).

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['C. neoformans', 'Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic mycosis']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['initial infection']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole', 'Voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis', 'systemic cryptococcosis', 'Cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity3580 are rare @entity5 that arise from the remnants of the notochord. Because of their deep location, local infiltrative nature, and involvement of surrounding bone, treatment of @entity3580 is a challenge. In this study the authors analyze the data and prognostic factors obtained during the follow-up period (range 1-150 months, median 38 months) in 53 @entity1 with craniocervical junction @entity3580 and 10 @entity1 with @entity511 . METHODS: Several surgical approaches were used, and some @entity5 excisions required staged procedures. Survival was calculated according the Kaplan-Meier method. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher exact, log rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Radical/subtotal resection was achieved in 77.8% of the @entity1 . The mortality rate during the follow-up period was 14.3%. In @entity1 harboring @entity511 better 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates were demonstrated than in those with @entity3580 (100% and 50.7%. respectively). Histological patterns (typical or chondroid @entity3580 ) and @entity1 age at onset of symptoms had no effect on the @entity1349 rates. Radical/subtotal resections were associated with better @entity1349 rates than partial resection. Adjuvant proton-beam therapy was shown to increase the @entity1349 rates compared with conventional radiotherapy (90.9% and 19.4%, respectively, at 4 years posttreatment). Karyotypically abnormal @entity5 were associated with the worst @entity1349 rates compared with karyotypically normal lesions (44.5% and 90.3%, respectively, at 3 years). Cases of @entity129 followed by those with cerebrospinal fluid leakages were the most frequent @entity260 . @entity51 was observed in 28.6% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A better prognosis was observed in @entity1 with @entity511 compared with those harboring @entity3580 . Histological pattern and @entity1 age at symptom onset were not factors that influenced prognosis in cases of @entity3580 . Extensive resection and possibly adjuvant proton-beam therapy provided better prognoses for these @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the craniocervical junction: follow-up review and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Permanent postoperative neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['Chordomas', 'chordomas', 'chordoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['Chordomas']


abstract: Chorionic villus sampling is a method of prenatal diagnosis in the first trimester of pregnancy in which tissue for genetic study is aspirated from the developing placenta by means of a catheter inserted transcervically under the guidance of ultrasonography. In this seven-center study, we compared the safety and efficacy of chorionic villus sampling in 2278 @entity1 with those of amniocentesis at 16 weeks' gestation in 671 @entity1 . Both groups were made up primarily of well-educated private @entity1 ; they were recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy and had viable pregnancies verified by ultrasound examination. Cytogenetic diagnoses resulted from 97.8 percent of the chorionic villus sampling procedures and 99.4 percent of the amniocenteses (P less than 0.05); @entity2007 was found in 1.8 and 1.4 percent, respectively, of the cases in which diagnoses were made. Of the @entity1 who underwent chorionic villus sampling, 17 (0.8 percent) subsequently had an amniocentesis because the diagnosis was ambiguous. Two of the diagnoses of @entity2007 (one tetraploidy, one @entity20928 ) were later proved to be incorrect. On the basis of pediatric examination of the @entity1 subsequently born to the @entity1 in the sample, there were no errors in the determination of sex or the identification of the major trisomies (21, 18, and 13). The rate of combined losses due to spontaneous and missed abortions, termination of abnormal pregnancies, @entity2209 , and neonatal deaths was 7.2 percent in the group that underwent chorionic villus sampling and 5.7 percent in the group that had amniocentesis. After adjustment for slight differences in gestational and maternal age, the total loss rate for the @entity1 in the chorionic villus sampling group exceeded that for the amniocentesis group by only 0.8 percentage points (80 percent confidence interval, -0.6 to 2.2). The rate of loss of chromosomally normal fetuses after chorionic villus sampling was 10.8 percent among @entity1 in whom three or four attempts were made to place the transcervical catheter, as compared with 2.9 percent in those in whom only one attempt was necessary (P less than 0.01). There were no serious maternal infections among the @entity1 in this study or among an additional 1990 @entity1 who underwent chorionic villus sampling (upper 95 percent confidence limit, 0.08 percent). We conclude that chorionic villus sampling is a safe and effective technique for the early prenatal diagnosis of @entity2008 , but that it probably entails a slightly higher risk of procedure failure and of fetal loss than does amniocentesis.

title: The safety and efficacy of chorionic villus sampling for early prenatal diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['cytogenetic abnormalities']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['cytogenetic abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity734 ( @entity734 ) is a useful tool for the optimization of drug therapy. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the appropriateness of @entity2049 , @entity3174 , @entity1092 , and @entity6838 therapy by using @entity734 data. METHODS: We evaluated the appropriateness of drug usage in 325 @entity1 who received @entity2049 , @entity1092 , @entity3174 , or @entity6838 in a large teaching hospital during the period from March 2010 to January 2011. The serum drug levels were measured by cloned enzyme donor immunoassay (CEDIA). RESULTS: A total of 325 @entity734 tests were performed in this period. In our @entity734 unit, @entity1092 was the most evaluated test among the samples obtained. In 100 @entity1092 -treated patients, serum levels in 58 @entity1 (58%) were within the therapeutic range. While 11 @entity1 (11%) had serum levels in the above-therapeutic range, 31 @entity1 (31%) had sub-therapeutic levels of @entity1092 : The results of @entity734 were mostly found in the therapeutic range for @entity2049 . A total of 91 request forms were collected. The overall data show that 64 @entity1 (70.3%) had serum @entity2049 levels within the therapeutic range. In the @entity3174 assays, the mean plasma concentrations generally did not reach the therapeutic range. Among the total of 49 blood samples, the highest number of sub-therapeutic levels (65.3%) were detected for @entity3174 . Similarly, inappropriate levels of @entity6838 were established in about half of all cases. CONCLUSIONS: This study gives information about the inappropriate usage of @entity6838 and @entity3174 in respect to the results of our @entity734 practice. Our results suggest that there is a need for interventions to improve the appropriate use of @entity6838 and @entity3174 in @entity1 treated with these drugs.

title: Evaluating appropriateness of @entity6838 , @entity2049 , @entity1092 , and XXXX usage by therapeutic drug monitoring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['TDM', 'Therapeutic drug monitoring']

answer: @entity3174 :: (MESH:D010672,Chemical) :: ['phenytoin']


abstract: Although the efficacy of long-term administration of antithrombotic agents in @entity1459 has been established, short-term effects on @entity741 are unknown. A retrospective analysis was performed in 47 @entity1 undergoing three-channel continuous ST segment monitoring as part of a multicenter trial using @entity7368 in @entity1459 , in which 20 @entity1 received a continuous heparin infusion during the initial assessment of @entity662 . Concomitant medications included @entity460 channel blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers, nitrates, and @entity117 in the majority of @entity1 . Clinical variables between the heparin and no heparin groups were similar, except for fewer males and fewer total @entity432 in the heparin group. No significant differences in the incidence or duration of @entity63 were found in a 36 +/- 16 hour monitoring period. Forty percent of the heparin group had 35 episodes of @entity63 with a mean of 11 +/- 10 minutes per episode and a total ischemic time of 48 +/- 39 minutes per @entity1 with @entity63 . Forty-four percent of the no heparin group had 47 episodes of @entity63 with a mean of 13 +/- 13 minutes per episode and a total ischemic time of 58 +/- 47 minutes per @entity1 with @entity63 . Multiple linear regression analysis to adjust for intergroup differences did not alter the results. Eighty-five percent of all episodes were asymptomatic. Clinical events, such as episodes of @entity662 , emergency coronary arteriography, or coronary revascularization, were also similar between groups. Thus the short-term administration of heparin did not alter the incidence or duration of @entity63 in @entity1 with @entity1459 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Failure of adjuvant heparin to reduce XXXX in the early treatment of @entity1 with @entity1459 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusions']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Uterine @entity1377 (UPSC), a high-grade @entity5 , is known to be associated in some cases with an identifiable @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) component. Biomarker studies incorporating this latter component are not well documented. One aim of the present study was to compare levels of immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of @entity876 @entity5 suppressor gene and @entity588 oncoprotein between UPSC and @entity5436 , as well as normal endometrium to determine its biologic significance. The other major aim was to determine if these IHC results have any bearing on survival data in this @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: An immunoreactivity score was assigned for examination of @entity876 and @entity588 expression in a total of 21 cases of UPSC, 9 with an evaluable @entity5436 component and 11 with associated non-neoplastic endometrium. Statistical analysis of IHC results was performed, in addition to correlation with survival data and disease stage. RESULTS: @entity876 was identified in 16/21 cases of UPSC (76%) and 8/9 cases of @entity5436 (89%), and no cases of normal endometrium. By contrast, @entity588 was positive in all normal endometria with less expression in UPSC leaving 15/21 (71%) cases positive, and in @entity5436 , leaving 5/9 (55%) of cases positive. Differences in immunoreactive scores for both @entity876 and @entity588 between UPSC and benign glands, as well as between @entity5436 and benign glands reached statistical significance with P values of 0.006 and 0.014 for @entity876 , and 0.003 and 0.027 for @entity588 respectively. There was no statistical significance between values for UPSC and @entity5436 . Cox regression analysis found no statistically significant relationship between @entity1 survival time in early and late stages of disease, and @entity876 and @entity588 immunoscores. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of a significant difference between the @entity588 and @entity876 values for both UPSC and @entity5436 suggests that these molecular alterations occur at an early stage of @entity5 pathogenesis. A potential advantage of the use of immunohistochemical markers is their application to routinely processed surgical specimens. In this case, @entity588 and @entity876 were applied in UPSC to determine any potential significance, but neither marker proved to be a useful predictor of survival time or disease stage.

title: @entity876 and XXXX expression in invasive and pre-invasive uterine @entity1377 and atrophic endometrium.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia', 'IEN']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['bcl-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Two cases of @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) of the larynx were treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for organ preservation. We reviewed case series and current literature to contrast the potential role of primary CRT as an organ-sparing modality with standard laryngectomy and radiotherapy in @entity1 with laryngeal @entity2347 . METHODS: Two treatment-na  ve @entity1 with laryngeal @entity2347 treated at Dana-Farber @entity5 Institute between 2002 and 2007 were identified. Both @entity1 were offered standard laryngectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy or organ-sparing treatment modality. RESULTS: Both @entity1 were males, aged 57 and 73. The @entity1 completed a course of combined chemoradiotherapy with weekly @entity3003 and @entity1311 and 7-8 weeks of radiotherapy to a total dose of 6,600 and 7,000 cGy over 50 and 57 days, respectively. There were no treatment breaks or delays because of @entity137 . The major @entity137 reported by both patients, as anticipated, were Grade 3 @entity33 , @entity1909 , and severe @entity1282 , all of which resolved. Both @entity1 are alive with local regional control and functional larynx; one at 112+ months with pulmonary metastases at 54 months, and the other disease free at 60+ months. CONCLUSIONS: Definitive chemoradiation with weekly @entity3003 and @entity1311 may be a potential alternative to the current standard of surgery and radiation for @entity1 with locally advanced laryngeal @entity2347 who request an organ-sparing approach. In this group of @entity1 , salvage laryngectomy may be reserved for those who are locally recurrent or chemoradiotherapy resistant. Although CRT provided long-term local regional control in our two @entity1 , there are evident limitations in obtaining evidence for a determination of treatment of @entity395 . This report provides support for following an organ preservation plan in selected @entity1 .

title: Organ preservation for XXXX of the larynx.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['desquamative dermatitis']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']