abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acute descending necrotizing @entity1764 (DNM) is a severe septic inflammation of the mediastinum with @entity39 , which progrediates rapidly and leads to @entity204 without adequate surgical treatment in 80% of cases. @entity1 AND METHOD: 17 @entity1 were treated with acute DNM between 1999 and 2012 at the Thoracic Surgical Department of Koranyi National Institute and Semmelweis University of Hungary. The @entity281 source was primarily in the head-neck region with @entity281 in eight cases, retro/parapharyngeal abscess in four @entity1 , primary collar phlegmone and abscess in one case and two retrotonsillar abscesses. Further, in one case there was a previous operation (mediastinoscopy) in the history and in another case there was "difficult intubation process" (not recognized trachea-laesion) mentioned during abdominal operation. Primary exploration was performed from the neck in nine cases, thoracotomies plus collar incisions were carried out in four cases, athoracotomy only was done in one and orofacial exploration in further three @entity1 . Disease progression could be evaluated by computer tomography which had to be followed by immediate surgery. RESULTS: Four @entity1 needed two operations, five @entity1 underwent exploration three times, while three @entity1 needed 4 interventions four times. More than one anatomical region was explored in 70% of the cases. Based on our experience prognosis is affected by the time elapsed between detection and surgical intervention, age of the @entity1 and comorbidites such as @entity6 . We lost nine @entity1 (53%), eight @entity1 recovered and symptom free (47%). CONCLUSIONS: Successful treatment is based on early diagnosis, urgent elimination of the primary source, adequate exploration of the cervico-facial region, debridement, collar and upper mediastinal drainage. If the inflammation spreads below the azygos vein or the aortic arch, a right thoracotomy should be performed with wide mediastinal exploration, debridement, and thoracic suction-lavage drainage. Treatment should be completed with broad spectrum and targeted antibiotics as well as organ support. Mortality and morbidity can be reduced with prompt and aggressive therapy.

title: [Surgical treatment of acute descending necrotising XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dental infections', 'infection']

answer: @entity1764 :: (MESH:D008480,Disease) :: ['mediastinitis']


abstract: @entity1120 (OMIM 231000) is an @entity74 in which deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (EC 32145) leads to accumulation of @entity22138 in lysosomes of macrophages. These storage cells are present in liver, spleen and bone marrow resulting in @entity828 , @entity79 . @entity209 in @entity1120 @entity1 include @entity2495 , possibly caused by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. @entity221 ( @entity221 ) is a combination of changes in circulating @entity6145 levels (decreased T(3), elevated rT(3), normal or mildly depressed TSH) present in different illnesses and might be an adaptation to protect the organism from harmful catabolic effects of @entity2495 . The @entity2495 and the elevated cytokine levels in @entity1120 led us to hypothesize that the alterations in @entity6145 levels as seen in @entity221 might also occur in @entity1120 @entity1 . We studied @entity6145 levels before and during treatment in 22 adult type I @entity1120 @entity1 and resting energy expenditure (REE) and correlations with @entity6145 levels in 12 @entity1 . Baseline @entity6145 levels were normal in the majority (17) of @entity1 . No cases of @entity221 were detected. Baseline REE (kcal/kg per 24 h) was not correlated with circulating levels of T(3), rT(3) or fT(4). Treatment of @entity1120 with enzyme replacement therapy for several years resulted in a decrease in circulating fT(4) levels. After several months of treatment most @entity1 showed a decrease in REE. There was no correlation between the changes in REE and changes in fT(4) and T(3).

title: XXXX in @entity1120 is not associated with altered @entity6145 levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia and bone complications']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher', 'Type I Gaucher disease', 'Gaucher disease']

entities_list: @entity22138 :: ('CHEBI:18368', 'Chemical') :: ['glucocerebroside']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['nonthyroidal illness', 'NTI', 'Nonthyroidal illness']

answer: @entity2495 :: (MESH:C565498,Disease) :: ['Hypermetabolism']


abstract: A @entity95 model was developed which facilitates controlled, experimental studies of tissue injury beneath and distal to a pneumatic tourniquet. Non-uniform tissue deformation was observed beneath inflated tourniquets; such patterns were not predicted by previous mathematical models. Two hours was a time threshold for tourniquet @entity2850 ; depending upon the cuff inflation pressure, greater @entity121 was induced beneath the tourniquet than distal to it. A topographic pattern of @entity39 was observed after two hours of tourniquet compression, which may relate to the microvascular anatomy of skeletal muscle and to pathogenic events during tissue reperfusion. With a four hour total tourniquet time, skeletal @entity121 beneath the cuff was significantly decreased by hourly, ten minute reperfusion intervals. A reperfusion interval after two hours of 350 mmHg cuff inflation tended to exacerbate @entity121 . Physiologic and morphologic @entity66 were induced by a two hour, 350 mmHg tourniquet. @entity528 may correlate with EMG changes after clinical tourniquet application. @entity17 is probably not an important mechanism of injury at clinically relevant tourniquet inflation pressures. Wide cuffs, limb shaped cuffs, and direct determination of the minimal necessary inflation pressure facilitated the use of lower tourniquet pressures in extremity surgery. In conclusion, tourniquet application, at clinically relevant cuff inflation pressures and durations, induces @entity4094 beneath the tourniquet than distal to it. Investigators of systemic effects of limb @entity63 should be aware of @entity2850 induced by pneumatic tourniquet models. Surgeons must weigh the advantages of a bloodless field against the disadvantages of tourniquet-induced @entity4094 .

title: Tourniquet-induced @entity4094 . A recent review of XXXX and clinical experiments.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular injury', 'greater neuromuscular injury']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['Paranodal myelin invagination']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nerve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression injury']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The propulsive motions of swimming @entity13484 ( @entity13484 Erxleben) and @entity13912 ( @entity13912 Schreber) were studied by filming individuals in a flume. The seals swam at velocities ranging from 0.6 to 1.42 m s-1. Locomotion was accomplished with alternate lateral sweeps of the hind flippers generated by lateral flexions of the axial body in conjunction with flexion of the flippers. The frequency of the propulsive cycle increased linearly with the swimming velocity, and the maximum angle of attack of the flipper decreased, but the amplitude remained constant. The kinematics and morphology of this @entity11535 indicated that phocid seals do not swim in the carangiform mode as categorized by Lighthill (1969), but in a distinct mode that mimics swimming by thunniform propulsors. The hind flippers acted as hydrofoils, and the efficiency, thrust power and coefficient of thrust were calculated from unsteady wing theory. The propulsive efficiency was high at approximately 0.85. The thrust power increased curvilinearly with velocity. The drag coefficient ranged from 0.012 to 0.028 and was found to be 2.8-7.0 times higher than the theoretical minimum. The drag coefficient was high compared with that of phocid seals examined during gliding or towing experiments, indicating an increased drag encumbered by actively swimming seals. It was determined that phocid seals are capable of generating sufficient power for swimming with turbulent boundary layer conditions.

title: Kinematics and estimated thrust production of swimming harp and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['hind flipper motion']

entities_list: @entity13912 :: ('9718', 'Species') :: ['ringed seals', 'Phoca hispida']

entities_list: @entity13484 :: ('39089', 'Species') :: ['harp seals', 'Phoca groenlandica']

answer: @entity13912 :: (9718,Species) :: ['ringed seals']


abstract: This study examined the effects of @entity1363 on the doses of @entity1875 required for the induction of hypnosis and the maintenance of @entity1875 / @entity3810 anesthesia. In addition, the effects of @entity1363 on the time to @entity1 recovery, perioperative mood profiles, incidence of perioperative dreams, @entity1 satisfaction scores, and requirement for postoperative analgesics were assessed. This investigation was a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study of female @entity1 undergoing dilatation and curettage. @entity1 received @entity1363 (30 microg/kg, n = 30) or an equal volume of placebo (n = 30) immediately before the induction of anesthesia. Recall of dreams was assessed immediately postoperatively, in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), and on the day after surgery using a questionnaire designed for surgical @entity1 . Mood profiles were quantified using the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised, which was completed preoperatively and 1 h postoperatively. The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8, an eight-item self-administered version of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, was used to assess @entity1 satisfaction on the day after surgery. Our results indicate that although the time to the loss of the lid reflex was significantly shorter in @entity1 receiving @entity1363 (43.8 +/- 2.7 vs 74.7 +/- 7.6 s, P < 0.0003), there was no significant difference in the dose of @entity1875 required to induce hypnosis or maintain anesthesia. There were no group differences in postoperative sedation and orientation scores, perioperative mood profiles, incidence of dreams, and @entity1 satisfaction scores. More @entity1 who received @entity1363 requested analgesics in the PACU (11 vs 4, P < 0.05). In conclusion, @entity1363 did not reduce the anesthetic dose requirement of @entity1875 in @entity1 undergoing anesthesia with @entity3810 , nor did it accelerate @entity1 recovery. Our results call into question the benefit of coinducing anesthesia with @entity1875 and @entity1363 . IMPLICATIONS: @entity1363 , administered immediately before anesthetic induction with @entity1875 , did not decrease the dose of @entity1875 necessary for hypnosis, nor the maintenance of surgical anesthesia, in female @entity1 undergoing diagnostic dilatation and curettage. In addition, @entity1363 did not alter @entity1 recovery characteristics, postoperative mood, incidence of perioperative dreams, or @entity1 satisfaction. The use of @entity1363 was associated with an increased need for postoperative analgesics. Our study calls into question the benefit of administering @entity1363 immediately before anesthetic induction with @entity1875 .

title: The effects of XXXX on @entity1875 -induced anesthesia: @entity1875 dose requirements, mood profiles, and perioperative dreams.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: A total of 37 @entity1 with @entity135 whose disease had recurred following primary treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy) received first-line chemotherapy with @entity1260 at i.v. doses of 3 g/m2 given daily on 3 consecutive days in combination with mesna (600 mg/m2 x 3 oral daily doses on days 1-3) every 3 weeks. In all, 7 @entity1 showed a partial response and 2 @entity1 achieved a complete response, for an overall objective response rate of 26% (9 of 35 eligible @entity1 ; 95% confidence interval, 12.5%-43%). Excluding the 5 early nontoxic deaths observed during the first 3 weeks of therapy, the objective response rate was 30% (9 of 30 @entity1 ; 95% confidence interval, 15%-49.5%). Responses were seen in lung metastases (2 @entity1 ), lymph nodes (2 @entity1 ), skin (3 @entity1 ), and cases of local recurrence (5 @entity1 ). The median duration of responses was 3 months (range, 2-5 months). The main side effects of @entity1260 were @entity1665 (83% of @entity1 ), emesis (80%), @entity3028 (23%), and mild @entity33 (20%). Two poor-risk @entity1 suffered severe @entity149 complications that were probably related to treatment. Three @entity1 died due to chemotherapy-related complications (2 @entity1 with @entity149 @entity137 and 1 @entity1 with @entity295 ). In conclusion, @entity1260 appears to be an active drug in @entity135 and merits further evaluation in this disease.

title: @entity1260 in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['epidermoid head and neck cancer']


abstract: Hormonal modulation of Class II histocompatibility antigen expression was studied in female @entity35 with @entity7045 -induced @entity5 . The effects of ovarian hormones, pregnancy and lactation were examined when @entity5 appeared. At this time, @entity35 with @entity5 were divided into several groups. Different groups received respectively 17 beta- @entity53 alone, 17 @entity10769 in association with @entity1420 , and @entity440 alone. Other groups were selected to undergo pregnancy. The control group received carcinogenic treatment only. For all removed @entity5 , Class II histocompatibility antigens were radiolabeled, specifically immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibody and quantified by chromatofocusing. The amount of Class II histocompatibility antigens measured in @entity53424 -induced @entity35 @entity5 without any hormonal treatment decreased significantly after treatment with @entity172 alone or in association with antiestrogen and during the pregnancy. Nevertheless, Class II histocompatibility antigen expression was not changed in @entity189 from @entity35 receiving @entity1420 , but increased significantly during the lactation. These results demonstrated clearly that ovarian hormones change the Class II histocompatibility antigen expression of @entity53424 -induced @entity5 in female @entity35 .

title: Ovarian hormones, antiestrogen and pregnancy effects on the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens by XXXX -induced @entity35 mammary @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity7045 :: ('CHEBI:50102', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitroso-N-methylurea']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary tumors', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity7045 :: (CHEBI:50102,Chemical) :: ['N-nitroso-N-methylurea']


abstract: PURPOSE: To use a @entity95 model of induced @entity792 to evaluate the efficacy of topical ophthalmic @entity205 (CsA). METHODS: Autoimmune @entity4578 was induced by injecting autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes, which had been activated in a mixed cell reaction with acinar cells isolated from one inferior lacrimal gland (LG), back into the donor animal's remaining inferior LG. Schirmer's test, tear breakup time, and rose Bengal staining were assessed. Animals with @entity66 were treated topically with either CsA or Endura twice daily for 5 months. RESULTS: Without treatment tear production and tear stability were abnormal for 6 months, and clear signs of ocular surface defects were evident. Severe immune cell infiltration was observed in the LG. Long-term CsA treatment increased tear production only slightly, but the severity of LG histopathology decreased noticeably. @entity12126 (+) T-cell infiltration of the LG was decreased and infiltration by MHC class II-expressing cells was also decreased. For the Endura-treated group tear production did not improve, rose Bengal scores remained high, and histopathology showed infiltration comparable to the untreated group, but by the end of the study the tear breakup time did improve. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity95 model of @entity792 had signs of @entity2194 6 months after induction of disease. Tear production improved slightly with CsA treatment and @entity12126 (+) T-cell infiltration decreased significantly in the LG. This suggests that some Sj  gren's @entity1 may benefit from long-term CsA treatment.

title: Long-term topical @entity205 treatment improves tear production and reduces keratoconjunctivitis in @entity95 with induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['chronic dry eye disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['established disease']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune dacryoadenitis']

entities_list: @entity4578 :: ('MESH:D003607', 'Disease') :: ['dacryoadenitis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune dacryoadenitis']


abstract: Several application parameters of microencapsulated (MEC) sex @entity5681 formulations were manipulated to determine their impact on efficacy of disruption for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.); @entity40743 , @entity40743 (Busck); obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris); and redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker). Depending on the experiment, the formulations evaluated were those formerly manufactured by 3M Canada (London, ON, Canada) or those that are currently available from Suterra LLC (Bend, OR). The efficacy of MEC formulations applied by air-blast sprayer evenly throughout the entire canopy of 2-3-m-tall apple (Malus spp.) trees was equivalent to treatments in which targeted applications of MECs were made to the lower or upper 1.5 m of the canopy (at equivalent overall rates) for @entity40743 and both leafroller species. The realized distribution of deposited microcapsules within the tree canopy corresponded well with the intended heights of application within the canopy. The additional coapplication of the pine resin sticker Nu-Film 17 increased efficacy but not longevity of MEC formulations for @entity40743 ; this adjuvant had no added effects for codling moth or leafroller formulations. Increasing the rate of active ingredient (AI) per hectare by 20-30-fold (range 2.5-75.0 g/ha) did not improve the disruption efficacy of MECs for codling moth or either leafroller species when both low and high rates were applied at equivalent frequencies per season. A low-rate, high-frequency (nine applications per season) application protocol was compared with a standard protocol in which two to three applications were made per season, once before each moth generation for each species. The low-rate, high-frequency protocol resulted in equivalent or better disruption efficacy for each moth species, despite using two-fold less total AI per hectare per season with the former treatment. The low-rate, frequent-application protocol should make the use of MEC formulations of synthetic @entity5681 more economical and perhaps more effective.

title: Sprayable microencapsulated sex XXXX formulations for mating disruption of four tortricid species: effects of application height, rate, frequency, and sticker adjuvant.

entities_list: @entity40743 :: ('192188', 'Species') :: ['Grapholita molesta', 'oriental fruit moth']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

answer: @entity5681 :: (CHEBI:26013,Chemical) :: ['pheromone']


abstract: We have recently demonstrated that binding by monoclonal antibody (mAb) 8A2 to regenerating retinal ganglion cell axons in @entity2083 explants specifically induces a sustained, actin-based retraction response that is similar in most respects to a spontaneous retraction (S.G. Finnegan, V. Lemmon, and E. Koenig, Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 1992). Experiments were conducted to evaluate potential signal transduction pathways that may play a role in mediating retraction, using the mAb 8A2 retraction model system. Potential roles of @entity268 , elevated intracellular @entity460 , or calmodulin-dependent processes were probed and the results did not appear to implicate them in either the induction or the maintenance of the axon retraction response. In contrast, treatment with @entity1359 , but not with inactive @entity4996 , induced a retraction response, although the response was more variable and less robust than that produced by mAb 8A2. However, both forms of induction were blocked by @entity866 , a nonspecific kinase inhibitor. @entity18398 , a potent @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphatase inhibitor produced a very robust retraction response, and subthreshold doses significantly potentiated the retraction response induced by mAb 8A2. @entity670 inhibited the mAb 8A2-induced retraction response at concentrations selective for @entity669 kinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that an augmented phosphorylation state of one or more axonal proteins, perhaps catalyzed in part by protein kinase C, produces a sustained physiological retraction. In addition, @entity669 kinase may be involved in transducing surface-mediated interactions that trigger retraction, including the binding reaction signal of mAb 8A2.

title: Monoclonal antibody 8A2-induced retraction appears to be mediated by protein phosphorylation in XXXX retinal ganglion cell axons.

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['Genistein']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['Okadaic acid']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['goldfish']


abstract: PURPOSE: To find out the optimum treatment parameters and the proper indications for treatment of @entity5513 , univariate and multivariate actuarial analyses of @entity16 after stereotactic radiosurgery for @entity5513 were performed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The subjects were 46 @entity1 with @entity5513 who underwent unilateral radiosurgery between June 1990 and June 1994 and were followed up at the University of Tokyo. Age ranged from 13 to 77 years (median, 54 years). @entity5 diameter ranged from 0 to 25 mm (mean, 12 mm) at the cerebellopontine angle and from 2 to 15 mm (mean, 8.3 mm) in the internal auditory meatus. Maximum @entity5 doses ranged from 20 to 40 Gy (mean, 31.4 Gy), and peripheral doses from 12 to 25 Gy (mean, 16.8 Gy). One to eight isocenters were used (mean, 3.2). Median follow-up was 39 months. Eight events concerning @entity16 were chosen, and the potential risk factors for them were analyzed by the actuarial analyses (univariate and multivariate). The events examined include @entity393 , vestibular function loss, @entity21591 . In order to point out potential risk factors for @entity16 , univariate analyses were performed using both the Wilcoxon test and the log rank test, and multivariate analyses were performed with the Cox proportional hazards model. Variables nominated as potential risk factors were 1) demographic variables such as @entity1 age and sex, 2) @entity5 dimensions, 3) treatment variables such as @entity5 doses and number of isocenters, and 4) pretreatment hearing levels. A variable with significant p-values (p < 0.05) in two or more of the three actuarial analyses (two univariate and one multivariate) was considered a possible risk factor. RESULTS: The possible variables that increase the risk for each event analyzed were: @entity8605 ( @entity13755 ) and the number of isocenters for total @entity393 ; experience of prior operation, the @entity5 diameter in the internal auditory meatus, and @entity13755 for hearing threshold elevation; peripheral @entity5 dose for vestibular function loss; @entity1 age or midporus transverse @entity5 diameter (the two variables were correlated), and the number of isocenters for @entity3541 ; and the number of isocenters for @entity16 . CONCLUSION: @entity13755 and the @entity5 diameter were the common risk factors for @entity393 in previous studies and ours. For the 5th/7th nerve dysfunction, the @entity5 diameter was the common risk factor. The risk of using more isocenters remains controversial. The difference in risk factors for @entity393 and vestibular function loss suggests different mechanisms for the two. Further studies with larger populations and longer follow-up periods are required in order to draw conclusions on the risk factors in radiosurgery.

title: @entity16 after radiosurgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuropathy', 'neuro-otological complications']

entities_list: @entity21591 :: ('MESH:D020433', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy, and trigeminal nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8605 :: ('MESH:D016518', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis type II']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neurinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity955 is an important risk factor for @entity64 . We analyzed @entity64 risk over time in @entity1 discharged from the hospital with a diagnosis of incident @entity955 as compared with the risk of @entity64 in the Danish population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In a random sample of half of the Danish population, we identified 13,625 @entity1 and 13,577 @entity1 , aged 50 to 89 years, with a hospital diagnosis of @entity955 and no prior diagnosis of @entity64 during 1980 to 1993. Data on other medical conditions were also available from 1977 to 1993, but medication data were not available. @entity1 were followed from the diagnosis of @entity955 until the first diagnosis of @entity64 (nonfatal or fatal cerebral @entity1188 and @entity1779 ), @entity204 , or the end of 1993. The risk of @entity64 in these @entity1 was compared with the risk in the Danish population using Poisson regression modeling to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: For @entity1 with @entity955 , the @entity64 rates increased by age, from 13 per 1,000 @entity1 -years in those ages 50 to 59 years, to 22 per 1,000 @entity1 -years in those ages 60 to 69 years, to 42 per 1,000 @entity1 -years in those ages 70 to 79 years, to 51 per 1,000 @entity1 -years in those ages 80 to 89 years. Age-specific @entity64 rates were similar in @entity1 with @entity955 . @entity1 with a hospital diagnosis of @entity955 had an increased risk of @entity64 (RR = 2.4; 95% CI, 2.3 to 2.5 in @entity1 and RR = 3.0; 95% CI, 2.9 to 3.2 in @entity1 ) compared with the Danish population. @entity64 risk was greatest during the first year after discharge and decreased thereafter. @entity101 , @entity6 , and peripheral @entity731 were also associated with an increased risk of @entity64 among @entity1 with @entity955 . @entity741 and @entity712 were risk factors in @entity1 only. There was no reduction in the risk of @entity64 from 1980 to 1993. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity955 are at a substantially increased risk of @entity64 , particularly in the first year after the diagnosis.

title: Incident @entity64 after discharge from the hospital with a diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'person', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic infarct']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: In recent years, the survival of young males suffering from @entity5 has been improved. Development of new techniques such as IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection enables even low quality spermatozoa to be used successfully. It is possible therefore to preserve fertility potential of @entity5 @entity1 before embarking on adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recognizing the importance of protecting the fertility potential of these young males, we present our recommendations for sperm cryopreservation based on the 11 year experience of Bourn Hall and the British Joint Council for Clinical Oncology consultation report. This paper discusses the options available for @entity1 who recover from @entity5 to become fathers. In many cases @entity1 are concerned about possible abnormalities and teratogenic risks to their future @entity1 who have been conceived naturally or by fertility treatment. The data available in the literature may reassure the medical community that there is no such increased risk. However, due to the relatively small number of @entity1 born after such treatment, a long-term follow-up is required. There is an ongoing debate regarding the justification for the programme due to the small number of @entity1 who make use of their banked spermatozoa. The authors believe in the importance of protecting the fertility potential of @entity5 @entity1 , enabling them to father their genetic @entity1 in the future while fighting their illness.

title: Sperm banking and assisted reproduction treatment for couples following XXXX treatment of the male partner.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The recent shift toward the diagnosis of @entity0 has led to the reevaluation of their treatment. Because of the low incidence of nodal involvement, recent studies have recommended selective axillary lymph node dissection (AxLND) for early @entity0 . The incidence of nodal involvement is a critical factor in defining the role of AxLND. Large series based on @entity5 registry data report the incidence of nodal positivity in stage T1a @entity5 to be 16 to 23 per cent. In contrast, data that include only pathologically reviewed cases report the incidence to be 0 to 6 per cent. We reviewed the medical records of 148 stage T1a @entity0 @entity1 from 1987 through 1994 in two community hospitals as identified by the local @entity5 registry. After chart review, 115 cases with AxLND underwent pathologic review; 82 were confirmed as stage T1a. Only 3 of 82 (4%) @entity1 were node positive. All three node-positive @entity5 were of infiltrating ductal histology. No @entity5 characteristic was predictive of nodal @entity3 . Data from the @entity5 registry and from pathology reports overstated the incidence of nodal involvement (5 and 9%, respectively). In light of the limited clinical benefit and associated cost and morbidity of AxLND, selected informed @entity1 may be spared AxLND.

title: Axillary lymph node @entity3 in stage T1a XXXX : a pathologic review of 82 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['smaller breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: CONCLUSION: Even if @entity393 is mild to moderate, the presence of cochlear nerve (CN) @entity509 associated with @entity28540 should be considered. OBJECTIVES: @entity4237 is a term that refers to an absent cochlear nerve on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Most cases of @entity4237 are associated with profound @entity393 . The present study reports six pediatric cases of @entity4237 with mild to moderate @entity393 . METHODS: Between May 2008 and April 2011, pure-tone hearing tests were performed in 17 @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity4237 on high resolution for evaluation of unilateral @entity1274 at the National Center for @entity1 Health and Development. Of these, six @entity1 had average hearing levels in the affected ears of < 60 dB and were therefore included in this study. RESULTS: All six ears with @entity4237 were associated with CN canal @entity850 . DPOAEs were present in one (17%) of the six affected ears. The ABR thresholds of the ears with @entity4237 were significantly elevated compared with 1-4 kHz pure-tone hearing levels in one of three cases. In two of five cases, the maximum word recognition scores of the affected ears were poor compared with pure-tone hearing levels.

title: Unilateral cochlear nerve XXXX in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity393 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral CN hypoplasia', 'CN hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity28540 :: ('MESH:D012181', 'Disease') :: ['retrocochlear disorders']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity509 :: (MESH:C538429,Disease) :: ['hypoplasia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) @entity1242 in attenuating the @entity101 response to laryngoscopy and intubation as a new application of the drug. DESIGN: Controlled, randomized, double-blind study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Thirty normotensive @entity1 (ASA physical status I) undergoing elective surgery were divided into three groups of ten @entity1 each. INTERVENTIONS: Anesthesia was induced with thiopental @entity1372 5 mg/kg i.v., and tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.2 mg/kg i.v. During anesthesia, ventilation was assisted or controlled with 1% @entity4488 and 50% @entity3810 in @entity26 . Either 1.5 micrograms/kg of @entity1242 , 2.5 micrograms/kg of @entity1242 , or saline (control) was administered IV simultaneously with the start of laryngoscopy (lasting 30 seconds), which was attempted 2 minutes after administration of thiopental @entity1372 and @entity3369 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 receiving saline showed a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and rate-pressure product associated with tracheal intubation. These increases following tracheal intubation were significantly reduced in @entity1242 -treated @entity1 compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A single, rapid IV dose of @entity1242 is a simple, practical, effective, and safe method to attenuate the @entity101 response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

title: Attenuation of @entity101 response to tracheal intubation with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: We have previously reported that the response latency in the @entity19 hot-plate test is affected differently by spinal intrathecal (i.t.) injection of competitive and non-competitive @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor antagonists, in that only the former produces an antinociceptive effect. Since the lipophilic non-competitive antagonists will redistribute rapidly from the spinal injection site, it is conceivable that they reach sites where they counteract the spinal antinociceptive effect. In the present study, we have tested this hypothesis by comparing the antinociceptive effect of the competitive @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity11223 and the non-competitive @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity3390 after i.t., intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration as well as after combinations thereof. @entity11223 injected i.p. or i.c.v. and @entity3390 injected i.p. or i.t. attenuated the antinociceptive effect of i.t. injected @entity11223 . Both i.p. and i.c.v. administration of either @entity11223 or @entity3390 dose-dependently impaired motor function without producing antinociceptive effects. Thus, the effect of @entity11223 and @entity3390 on the motor system was found to be separate from their antinociceptive effect. In a separate experiment, changes in hind-paw skin temperature were excluded as a possible confounding factor. These findings demonstrate that supraspinal systems can limit the spinal antinociceptive effect of @entity143 receptor antagonists.

title: Systemic or intracerebroventricular injection of XXXX receptor antagonists attenuates the antinociceptive activity of intrathecally administered @entity143 receptor antagonists.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: The glycolytic enzyme hexokinase (HK) is suggested to play a role in @entity63 preconditioning (IPC). In the present study we determined how @entity63 preconditioning affects HK activity and HKI and @entity47927 protein content at five different time points and three different subcellular fractions throughout @entity299 -reperfusion. Isolated Langendorff-perfused @entity35 hearts (10 groups of 7 hearts each) were subjected to 35 min @entity63 and 30 min reperfusion (control groups); the IPC groups were pretreated with 3 times 5-min @entity63 . IPC was without effect on microsomal HK activity, and only decreased cytosolic HK activity at 35 min @entity63 , which was mimicked by decreased cytosolic @entity47927 , but not HKI, protein content. In contrast, mitochondrial HK activity at baseline and during reperfusion was elevated by IPC, without changes during @entity63 . No effect of IPC on mitochondrial @entity47928 protein content was observed. However, mitochondrial @entity47927 protein content during reperfusion was augmented by IPC, albeit not following the IPC stimulus. It is concluded that IPC results in decreased cytosolic HK activity during @entity63 that could be explained by decreased @entity47927 protein content. IPC increased mitochondrial HK activity before @entity63 and during reperfusion that was only mimicked by increased @entity47927 protein content during reperfusion. IPC was without effect on the phosphorylation status of HK before @entity63 . We conclude that IPC is associated with 1) a biphasic response of increased mitochondrial HK activity before and after @entity63 , 2) decreased cytosolic HK activity during @entity63 , and 3) cellular redistribution of @entity47927 but not HKI.

title: Ischemic preconditioning affects hexokinase activity and XXXX in different subcellular compartments throughout @entity299 -reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

answer: @entity47927 :: (25059(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['HKII']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite advances in the treatment of @entity510 ( @entity510 ), major additional reductions in morbidity will require the identifications of @entity439 with a high propensity for @entity548 . As screening the entire population is currently not cost-effective, risk factors for the presence of @entity439 must be identified, and if possible, these risk factors should be modified to reduce disease prevalence. METHODS: To examine whether cigarette smoking independent of arterial @entity101 is a risk factor for the development of @entity438 rather than just being associated with @entity510 and to determine whether smoking cessation decreases this risk, we conducted a case-control study comparing the prevalence and degree of smoking in a consecutive series of @entity1 undergoing surgery for ruptured or unruptured @entity439 with age-, sex-, race-, and geographically matched control subjects culled from the New York Healthy Heart Study. RESULTS: @entity101 alone carries little additional risk for the development of @entity1756 . Smoking is a risk factor for not only @entity510 (Relative Risk [RR]=2.83) but also @entity439 formation (RR=2.33). Coexistent @entity101 increases the risk of smoking only minimally. Younger smokers are at threefold higher risk than middle-aged ones. Smoking cessation appears to reduce risk of @entity1756 . The effect of smoking on @entity439 formation and @entity397 may be dose-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: Together these data suggest that smoking, independent of @entity101 , plays a critical role in @entity439 development, especially in younger @entity1 , but that physiological mechanisms exist for repair of the damage induced by this toxic insult if cessation is possible.

title: Cigarette smoking and the development and XXXX of @entity438 in a mixed race population: implications for population screening and smoking cessation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'aSAH', 'aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorhage']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured or unruptured aneurysms', 'aneurysmal rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The acute @entity3681 is one of the most common injuries seen in @entity130 departments. @entity3681 have an incidence of about one injury per 10 000 @entity1 a day. In contrast @entity8214 is a rare condition occurring in not more than one percent of the population. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 23 year old male @entity1 with @entity158 and @entity4 after an acute @entity3681 . Initial clinical and radiological examination showed no pathologies. Due to prolonged @entity158 , swelling and the inability of the @entity1 to weight bear one week after @entity130 further diagnostics was performed. Imaging studies (MRI and CT) revealed a @entity174 of a @entity14948 . To the knowledge of the authors no @entity174 of a coalition was reported so far. CONCLUSION: This report highlights the presentation of symptomatic coalitions following @entity130 and furthermore, it points out the difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of a rare entity after a common injury. A diagnostic algorithm has been developed to ensure not to miss a severe injury.

title: An unusual cause of XXXX : @entity174 of a @entity14948 as a differential diagnosis in an acute @entity3681 : a case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8214 :: ('MESH:C536943', 'Disease') :: ['tarsal coalition']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprain', 'Ankle sprains']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['local swelling']

entities_list: @entity14948 :: ('MESH:C536895', 'Disease') :: ['talocalcaneal coalition']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['ankle pain']


abstract: Complications of internal @entity1416 were studied in 21 @entity1 . The 9 male and 12 female @entity1 were 12-70 years old (average 39). This procedure was carried out for control of @entity548 due to @entity174 . Embolization was performed using gelfoam cubes (1-2 mm) for main internal iliac artery or its branches subselectively. In the earlier series, steel coils were placed in the internal iliac artery routinely after gelfoam embolization. In the group of 9 @entity1 , 4 male had @entity323 and 5 had no change in sexual function. As a possible post embolization @entity16 , 4 @entity1 had @entity132 and 8 @entity1 had gait disturbance. Three @entity1 had @entity3833 and one of them had also difficulty in defecation. All these complications following internal @entity1416 are suspected to be due to associated injuries and varied effect of traumatic @entity174 than a result of the @entity432 . Percutaneous transcatheter therapeutic embolization is a safe and effective procedure of choice for controlling massive @entity548 associated with @entity174 .

title: [Complications following transcatheter @entity1416 for XXXX associated with @entity174 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['iliac artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['massive hemorrhage']


abstract: This study is a case report and literature review of the surgical approach to papillary lesions of the biliary tract exclusive of the ampulla of Vater. @entity5720 of the bile ducts, exclusive of the ampulla of Vater, are distinctly uncommon but, because of their unpredictable and aggressive behavior, pose challenging problems for the surgeon. Including the present illustrative case description, an English language literature review was conducted to determine the number and clinical behavior of papillary lesions of the bile ducts, particularly the propensity for malignant transformation, and the most favorable surgical approach. In addition to the present case, 29 @entity1 with @entity5720 were found in the literature. Twenty-two @entity1 had @entity5 in multiple locations in the biliary tract, 6 had @entity75 in one hepatic duct, and 3 had @entity1185 . Overall, 15 of 30 @entity1 (50%) died of their disease. @entity1 with @entity5 faired best (5 of 6 long-term survivors), and @entity1 with @entity1185 did worse (all 3 died). Characteristics of these lesions include a propensity for recurrence (15 of 30 @entity1 ), an abundant @entity3558 production, and a tendency toward malignant change (eight of 30 @entity1 ). @entity5720 prove difficult to treat because of their frequent multifocality, propensity to recur after surgical extirpation, and malignant potential. Surgical strategy should include liver resection for @entity5 , close monitoring for recurrence, and reoperations as required to control @entity5 growth.

title: The surgical challenge of papillary XXXX of the biliary tract.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['isolated lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumors', 'tumor', 'solitary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['papillary biliary lesions', 'Papillary lesions']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse papillomatosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: @entity1200 in @entity161 @entity1 have been reported for many years. However, the question of whether these parameters are involved in the pathophysiology of the disorder or represent treatment effects is still not answered. We investigated a combination of humoral and soluble immune parameters in 30 unmedicated @entity161 @entity1 before and during antipsychotic treatment and in 31 healthy controls. The aim of our study was to unravel an underlying immune process, to elucidate the influence of neuroleptic treatment and to identify a subgroup of schizophrenics. Antibodies against @entity1 60-kDa heat-shock protein ( @entity11217 ), serum levels of soluble @entity2071 and @entity2902 were determined and correlated with parameters of blood-brain barrier and of psychopathology. In 10% of the drug-free but in 20% of the medicated schizophrenics, especially in females, we observed immunoreactivity against @entity11217 , high levels of IgG in CSF and a blood-brain barrier impairment. The high HSP antibody titres correlated with high levels of sIL-2R and sICAM-1. Only one of the controls showed antibodies against @entity11217 . Our results suggest that the observed immunological alterations are more pronounced during neuroleptic treatment than in the drug-free state. Whether or not this differential response to treatment with altered antibody production represents a subgroup of @entity1 has yet to be determined.

title: Autoantibodies against 60-kDa heat shock protein in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['Immunological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Preclinical and clinical studies have emphasized that persistent small afferent input will induce a state of central facilitation that can be attenuated by systemically administered nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. However, these studies have been performed using cutaneous models of @entity1931 . In this study we evaluated the effects of IV @entity6058 on an experimental model of deep tissue @entity1931 using IM @entity2951 . We used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Ten subjects received 60 mg of @entity6058 or placebo in 2 sessions separated by 1 wk. @entity2951 (100 microg in 10 microL) was then injected into the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle of the left forearm. After injection, spontaneous @entity158 scores, pressure @entity158 scores, gripping @entity158 , @entity158 distribution, and @entity158 quality were recorded at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min. Cutaneous @entity1931 and @entity809 were then mapped and thermal and mechanical thresholds were measured. The IM injection of @entity2951 resulted in a reliable report of @entity158 , @entity1931 , and @entity158 . @entity6058 had no effect on spontaneous @entity158 , elicited @entity158 , @entity158 distribution, or secondary @entity1931 induced by @entity2951 . The findings of this study support the feasibility of further pharmacological studies using the IM @entity2951 @entity158 model.

title: The effect of intravenous XXXX on @entity2951 -induced deep tissue @entity1931 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac', 'Ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['referred pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity6058 :: (MESH:D020910,Chemical) :: ['ketorolac']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endothelin peptides are polykines with strong vasoconstrictor properties. We have previously shown that endothelin antagonism ( @entity42264 ) reduces the local severity of acute @entity788 . We now investigated the effect of endothelin antagonism on systemic @entity32 in a model of @entity548 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity19 were divided into four groups. Group 1 was fed standard food plus @entity42264 every 8 hours. Group 2 was fed a @entity1877 -deficient @entity10452 (CDE) supplemented diet and given saline every 8 hours. Group 3 was fed a CDE diet and treated with @entity42264 every 8 hours from initiation of diet. Group 4 was fed a CDE diet and given @entity42264 from 48 hours after initiation of diet. Animals were killed at 70 hours. Serum was collected. Pancreata and lung tissue were harvested. RESULTS: Histology score, serum amylase level, lung myeloperoxidase, and interleukin (IL)-10 were all significantly reduced in both treatment groups (groups 3 and 4) (p < 0.05). @entity777 levels were reduced in group 3 only (p < 0.05). The mortality rate did not differ among any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Endothelin antagonism decreased the severity of acute @entity788 and reduced markers of systemic @entity32 . Late treatment at 48 hours failed to prevent the rise in @entity777 . Mortality rates were unaffected by treatment.

title: An ETa/ETb endothelin antagonist ameliorates systemic XXXX in a @entity19 model of @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity10452 :: ('MESH:D005001', 'Chemical') :: ['ethionine']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early reinfarction after thrombolytic therapy is associated with adverse outcomes and increased mortality. Among @entity1 with reinfarction in the 1992 Global Utilization of Streptokinase and @entity1456 for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO I) and the 1998 Assessment of the Safety of a New Thrombolytic (ASSENT 2) trials, we investigated temporal and regional differences in the use of repeat thrombolysis, revascularization (angioplasty and/or bypass surgery), or conservative measures and the outcomes of each management strategy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from the 4% of @entity1 (n=2301) who experienced reinfarction after thrombolytic therapy were studied. Baseline characteristics, 30-day mortality, and incidence of total and @entity64 were compared among the 3 treatment groups. The 30-day mortality did not differ between the repeat thrombolysis and revascularization groups (P=0.72), and it was significantly lower among @entity1 treated by these 2 strategies than in those treated conservatively (11% and 11% versus 28%, respectively; P<0.001). @entity64 rates did not differ significantly between the 3 treatment strategies (P=0.49). From 1992 to 1998, the percentage of reinfarction @entity1 treated with repeat thrombolysis decreased from 29.3% to 18.5% in US centers and from 51.4% to 41.9% in all other centers (P<0.001). In contrast, use of revascularization procedures increased from 33.5% to 47.9% in US centers and from 8.1% to 23.0% in all other centers (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Repeat thrombolysis and revascularization are associated with significantly lower mortality among reinfarction @entity1 . Randomized trials are necessary to assess the exact risks and benefits of rethrombolysis versus interventional revascularization in this subset of high-risk @entity1 presenting with reinfarction after thrombolytic therapy.

title: Treatment of reinfarction after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: an analysis of outcome and treatment choices in the global utilization of streptokinase and XXXX for occluded coronary arteries (gusto I) and assessment of the safety of a new thrombolytic (assent 2) studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Stroke', 'hemorrhagic strokes']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['Tissue Plasminogen Activator']

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hepatic resection is the mainstay treatment of @entity5 Nowadays, mortality is less than 6%. However, morbidity is still high. Bleeding is one of the most common problems during hepatic resection which can sometimes lead to catastrophe. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the risk factors associated with major @entity190 during hepatic resection for @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 69 consecutive @entity1 who underwent elective hepatic resection for @entity5 from May 2002 to April 2004 were enrolled into this retrospective study. The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups(group I and II) according to the intraoperative @entity190 . @entity1 who had a @entity190 of more than 1000 ml were defined as the major @entity190 group(group I). Thirteen variable factors were analyzed to determine the risk of major intraoperative @entity190 . Operative outcomes between the two groups were also compared. RESULTS: Of the sixty-nine @entity1 , 36 @entity1 were in group I and 33 @entity1 were in group II. 75% of the @entity1 in group I and 36.4% of the @entity1 in group II were transfused. Median blood transfusion in group I and II were 3 and 0 units of packed red cell. Univariate analysis showed @entity5 size, extent of hepatic resection, @entity5 pathology and operative time were factors affecting major intraoperative @entity190 . However, multivariate analysis showed only operative time and @entity5 size to be independent risk factors. @entity1 in group I had higher surgical morbidity and prolonged hospital stay compared with @entity1 in group II. CONCLUSION: @entity190 is still a major concern in performing hepatic resection. From the present study, @entity5 size and operative time are the independent factors affecting major intraoperative @entity190 . Proper screening or a surveillance program may enhance the chance to find small @entity5 . Refined operative techniques such as anterior approach and @entity409 would facilitate resection for large right sided @entity5 .

title: Risk factors associated with major intraoperative XXXX in hepatic resection for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary tumor', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver hanging']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: Sorbose uptake by @entity375 was increased 40 to 60% by @entity413 and other metabolizable @entity3363 . Neither growth nor binding accounted for the increased uptake. However, accessibility of a restrictive intracellular compartment was increased as shown by counterflow and efflux measurements. Efflux from the compartment was more than doubled by @entity413 . This effect was reversed by washing and was prevented by @entity13638 and other inhibitors, but not by @entity1880 . No evidence was found for a facilitated transport system in the compartment membrane such as exists in the external cell membrane. It was concluded that sorbose crosses the compartment membrane by simple diffusion and that a reaction requiring the metabolism of @entity3363 increases the permeability of the membrane. @entity4583 and @entity3953 entered and were lost from the compartment like sorbose, whereas @entity3733 was unaffected by the compartment. All three of these later compounds were bound by the cells when @entity413 was available in uptake suspensions. Binding was prevented by @entity13638 , but not by @entity1880 .

title: Reversible permeability changes in the membrane of a XXXX cell sugar compartment.

entities_list: @entity13638 :: ('MESH:D019807', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['Arabinose']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: @entity1712 in tissues and/or circulating blood is known to be associated with a wide variety of @entity5 but the role of the eosinophil in neoplastic conditions is not known. Using the cheek pouch of the @entity329 as an experimental model for @entity105 , it has recently been shown that eosinophils at sites of developing @entity5 express the multifunctional cytokine, @entity54360 ( @entity54360 ). This study investigated the time course of eosinophil infiltration, tissue @entity1712 associated with malignant epithelium, and eosinophil-derived @entity54360 mRNA during the 16-week @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced @entity5 development process. The results reveal that the occasional eosinophil is normally present in the lamina propria of hamster oral mucosa. With progressive @entity106 treatments, there is an increase of eosinophils infiltrating into the lamina propria. By weeks 12-16, the number of eosinophils is significantly higher in @entity106 -treated pouches than in control pouches treated with the vehicle mineral oil alone. Analysis of the infiltrating eosinophils into fully developed @entity1697 reveals that tissue @entity1712 is associated with 78% of the stromal areas associated with malignant epithelium, while only 7% of sites associated with non- @entity5 oral epithelium (normal, @entity6349 ) exhibited @entity1712 . Furthermore, the majority of the eosinophils associated with malignant epithelium were found to contain @entity54360 mRNA. The number of @entity54360 mRNAs containing eosinophils associated with malignant oral epithelium is significantly higher than that associated with nonmalignant oral epithelium. Together, these results suggest that eosinophils are recruited to @entity5 -developing sites, that they predominantly associate with malignant epithelium, and that most @entity5 -associated eosinophils express the cytokine @entity54360 .

title: Eosinophils, tissue XXXX , and eosinophil-derived @entity54360 in hamster @entity105 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia', 'Eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['hamster oral carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['oral carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity54360 :: ('101823727', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha', 'TGF-alpha']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic-dysplastic']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: A 45-yr-old @entity1 with @entity2835 , @entity4741 , and marked @entity1007 developed symptoms of the @entity751 on three separate occasions. On presentation, she had a plasma total @entity165 concentration of 53.40 mM (2065 mg/dl) and a relative serum viscosity of 2.9. Following three courses of plasma exchange in a 5-day period, the total @entity165 level decreased to 6.75 mM (261 mg/dl) and the viscosity to 1.3. The cutaneous xanthomata were markedly diminished 1 wk following plasma exchange. Despite therapy with @entity10641 (30 g/d), the @entity751 developed 147 days later. This cycle recurred again 137 days after @entity10641 was discontinued. Serum viscosity and total @entity165 concentration were highly correlated during the postexchange or accumulation phases (R = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.98) and during the exchange or interventional phases (R = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.99). Serum viscosity was less significantly correlated with total serum protein (R = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.95) or with plasma @entity412 (R = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.81). There were no significant correlations of red cell mass, plasma @entity2002 levels, or serum @entity3645 with viscosity. Subfractionation of plasma into lipoprotein classes showed 45% of total @entity165 in the lipoprotein X fraction and a presumptive slow alpha-lipoprotein species. It is postulated that both the @entity751 and rapid resolution of xanthomata in the @entity1 may be attributable to the physiology of her abnormal lipoprotein particles.

title: @entity751 in a hypercholesterolemic @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity10641 :: ('MESH:D003084', 'Chemical') :: ['colestipol']

entities_list: @entity4741 :: ('MESH:D014973', 'Disease') :: ['xanthomatosis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['hyperviscosity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: The recently described anti-A2/RA33 autoantibodies occur in 20-40% of @entity1 with @entity309 , @entity1252 , and @entity2406 ( @entity2406 ). They are directed to the A2 protein of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex ( @entity24093 ), an abundant nuclear protein associated with the spliceosome. The @entity2733 -terminal half of the antigen contains two conserved RNA binding domains whereas its @entity1473 -terminal part is extremely @entity2228 -rich. The aim of this study was to characterize the autoepitopes of @entity24093 and to investigate the effects of anti-A2/RA33 autoantibodies on possible functions of the antigen. Using bacterially expressed fragments, two major discontinuous epitopes were identified. One containing the complete second RNA binding domain was recognized by the majority of @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity1252 but not by @entity1 with @entity2406 . The second epitope contained sequences of both RNA binding domains and was preferentially targeted by @entity1 with @entity2406 . When the RNA binding properties of the antigen were investigated, oligoribonucleotides containing the sequence motif r(UUAG) were found to bind to a site closely adjacent or overlapping with the epitope targeted by autoantibodies from @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity1252 . Moreover, anti-A2/RA33 autoantibodies from @entity1 with @entity309 or @entity1252 , but not from @entity1 with @entity2406 , inhibited binding of RNA. Thus, anti-A2/RA33 autoantibodies recognize conformation-dependent epitopes located in a functionally important region of the antigen. Furthermore, the specific recognition of an epitope by @entity2406 @entity1 may be used as another argument in favor of considering @entity2406 a distinct @entity2597 .

title: Anti-A2/RA33 autoantibodies are directed to the RNA binding region of the A2 protein of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex. Differential epitope recognition in @entity309 , @entity1252 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disease']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity2406 :: ('MESH:D008947', 'Disease') :: ['mixed connective tissue disease', 'MCTD']

answer: @entity2406 :: (MESH:D008947,Disease) :: ['mixed connective tissue disease']


abstract: There is no consensus on the proper management of @entity1 with stage D1 @entity263 . Although cure is unlikely, many @entity1 survive for long intervals apparently free of @entity3 . Thus, effective palliation of the local lesion with low morbidity is desirable. From 1974 to 1987, 120 consecutive @entity1 with stage @entity263 were treated with 3 primary modes of therapy (mean followup 48 months): 1) expectant therapy (35), 2) external beam radiotherapy (21) and 3) radical prostatectomy (64). These @entity1 were statistically homogeneous as determined by Gleason grade but not by extent of @entity3 . The over-all 5 and 10-year projected actuarial survival rates for the radical prostatectomy @entity1 were 97 and 62%, respectively, and the apparent clinical survival free of disease at 5 years and 80 months, respectively, was 83 and 68%. The direct disease-specific 10-year survival free of disease was 46%. However, only 3 of 27 @entity1 followed for 3 years or longer had undetectable levels of @entity1486 . Using a Cox univariate proportional hazards model several factors appeared to have significant prognostic value including volume of lymph node @entity3 (macroscopic greater than 2 mm.), percentage of positive lymph nodes sampled and frozen section diagnosis. Gleason grade, clinical stage and the number of positive nodes did not have significant prognostic value. Local recurrence requiring an operation was noted in 8 of 35 @entity1 (23%) treated expectantly, 5 of 21 (24%) treated with radiotherapy and 2 of 64 (3%) treated with radical prostatectomy. Significant @entity344 occurred in 33% of the @entity1 treated with radiotherapy and 1.5% of those undergoing radical prostatectomy. Since the introduction of nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy in 1982, potency resumed in 55% of the 33 @entity1 who were potent preoperatively and have been followed 1 year or longer. These data suggest that in properly selected @entity1 radical prostatectomy, although not curative, can provide excellent palliation of the local lesion with acceptable morbidity and that symptomatic local recurrence of @entity263 achieved with radiation therapy is identical to the results in @entity1 who were managed expectantly.

title: Management of stage D1 XXXX : the Johns Hopkins experience 1974 to 1987.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['D1 prostate cancer', 'adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal or genitourinary complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: Acinetobacter species are widespread environmental gram-negative coccobacilli that are associated with @entity580 ; these bacteria are considered to be of relatively low virulence and rarely cause invasive disease. Fifty-two cases of @entity2749 due to Acinetobacter species were reviewed, and risk factors and outcomes of these cases were examined. It was noted that these cases belonged to a few clinical groups with markedly different outcomes. Eighteen @entity1 had @entity5 (predominantly hematologic), and @entity2259 often developed after @entity1729 . Nine @entity1 suffered @entity130 and developed @entity2259 with Acinetobacter species after endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit and respiratory colonization. Four burn @entity1 , three of whom had burns covering > or = 50% of their body surface areas, had @entity281 prior to @entity2259 . While many @entity1 had central venous catheters, in only four cases were the catheters clearly infected prior to the positive blood culture. Prior use of antibiotics was widespread in all groups of @entity1 , and isolates showed high levels of antimicrobial resistance, particularly to @entity3405 agents. The outcome of @entity281 correlated more closely with the type of underlying illness than with other factors such as @entity2259 , or appropriate therapy. @entity1 with @entity5 and burn @entity1 fared poorly (10 of 18 and 2 of 4 @entity1 , respectively, died), while @entity130 @entity1 and @entity1 with other illnesses did well.

title: XXXX with Acinetobacter species: risk factors and prognosis in different clinical settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremic episodes']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['burn infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'biovar, polymicrobial bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Bacteremia']


abstract: Sixty vascularized iliac crest free-tissue transfers were used for oromandibular reconstruction, 46 as osteocutaneous and 14 as @entity18301 . Forty-one @entity1 had preoperative radiotherapy, and 8 had failed previous attempts at reconstruction. Forty-nine of the 60 reconstructions were carried out primarily, most commonly following ablative surgery for radiorecurrent @entity957 . Ages ranged from 19 to 85 years, and follow-up ranged from 2 months to 5 years. @entity1912 survival was 95 percent. Eight-six percent of @entity1 returned to their previous activities. There were 2 perioperative @entity204 , and 31 @entity1 were alive at follow-up. Horizontal defects from 5 to 16 cm were reconstructed, and in 22 @entity1 , both oral lining and skin coverage were replaced. Radiographic evidence of bone union was noted in 96 percent of synostoses, and clinical union was seen in all but one @entity1 . One @entity1 required bilateral hemimandibular reconstructions for sequential primaries at different operative sittings. Functional and cosmetic results were generally satisfactory and were excellent in bone-only reconstructions. Several surgical principles evolved to minimize bulk and eliminate the need for intermaxillary fixation or external fixation postoperatively. To improve results in large or more lateral through-and-through defects, an accessory pectoralis musculocutaneous @entity1912 proved advantageous. Cosmetic and functional results depend largely on three factors: the extent of the surgery, the leanness of the @entity1 , and his or her position on the surgical learning curve.

title: Orofacial and mandibular reconstruction with the iliac crest free XXXX : a review of 60 cases and a new method of classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity18301 :: ('MESH:C535395', 'Disease') :: ['osseous flaps']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['flap']


abstract: @entity235 maintained for 1 year on a semisynthetic diet containing hydrogenated coconut oil and @entity165 developed @entity1007 . In those cases where plasma @entity165 levels exceeded 750 mg/100 ml, the animals also developed severe @entity731 . This @entity5522 was characterized by the presence of beta very low density lipoproteins (B-VLDL), increased levels of low density lipoproteins (LDL), and the occurrence of the HDLc lipoproteins. In all of these @entity165 -rich lipoproteins the @entity369 -rich apoprotein (ARP) was prominent. Moreover, the HDLc (d = 1.006-1.02) contained the ARP as the only detectable apoprotein. The @entity731 involved the abdominal aorta, coronary and cerebrovascular arteries, and many of the peripheral arteries. Histologically, the aortic lesions were characterized by a variable intimal proliferative response and extensive medial lipid deposition. In the peripheral, coronary, and cerebral arteries, the lesions were more extensive and involved primarily the media of the vessel wall, with little intimal reaction in many cases. The correlation between the in vivo disease process and the response of aortic @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) grown in tissue culture to the various @entity165 -induced lipoproteins was examined. B-VLDL, LDL, and HDLc (but not HDL2) caused a marked accumulation of free and esterified @entity165 in the @entity3960 . The @entity165 accumulation was found to be more extensive in @entity235 @entity3960 than in @entity1707 @entity3960 or @entity3960 of other species in response to a similar lipoprotein @entity165 concentration. The enhanced @entity5068 uptake appeared to be a property of @entity235 @entity3960 rather than a property of the @entity235 lipoproteins. These in vitro results may be related to the observed propensity for the development of medical disease that was demonstrated in the in vivo studies.

title: XXXX @entity5522 and @entity731 . Accumulation of lipid by aortic medial cells in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenic hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth muscle cells', 'SMC']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: One hundred forty-nine subjects from 18 families with @entity2100 [fra(X)] syndrome were evaluated for their neuropsychological, @entity146 , and physical characteristics. The 36 fra(X) males had intelligence quotients ranging from less than 20 to 61, which prevented the delineation of a reliable neuropsychological profile. Behaviour fitted DSM-III-R and ADI diagnostic criteria of @entity2438 in only 2 subjects, both with very low intelligence level (IQ less than 20). Of 36 heterozygotes (HZ), 22 had an IQ between 20 and 80 and 14 between 81 and 99. The neuropsychological profile of the latter was compared with IQ-age-environment-matched 14 normal females and 14 normal males. Significantly poorer results in HZ were found on immediate digit memory and on Raven's progressive matrices (a visuo-spatial test of logical capabilities). The latter result, in conjunction with those results on the Bender visual-motor gestalt test and on some WAIS subtests, suggests a frequent deficit in spatial capabilities in such subjects. Such results tended to be confirmed by the profiles of the 22 HZ with IQ 20-80. No @entity146 were found in HZ, except in one subject with IQ less than 20 which fitted DSM-III-R and ADI criteria for @entity2438 . Typical physical manifestations, especially cranio-facial, were more frequently present in the HZ group with lower IQ. Subnormal IQ was probably the most reliable abnormality for the detection of HZ in 49 females at 50% and 25% risk of heterozygosity.

title: Neuropsychological, XXXX , and physical manifestations in 149 members from 18 @entity2100 families.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric abnormalities']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: @entity6 @entity1 are often treated with a lipid lowering statin and an @entity1289 inhibitor or angiotensin receptor antagonist against @entity101 or @entity633 . These drugs may also improve @entity413 tolerance, but the mechanism for this remains elusive. We now studied whether these drugs and the @entity844 @entity2365 influence insulin secretion in vivo in @entity35 through effects on islet blood perfusion. Whole pancreatic blood flow was markedly increased by @entity3371 and @entity7056 , and decreased by @entity2365 . Islet blood flow was significantly and preferentially enhanced by @entity3371 , @entity7056 , and @entity8673 , and suppressed by @entity2365 . Both @entity3371 and @entity7056 raised serum insulin concentrations significantly. However, glycemia was not affected in any group. In conclusion, the present study suggests that a local pancreatic RAS and @entity8673 may be selectively controlling pancreatic islet blood flow and thereby influencing insulin secretion. The antidiabetic actions of statins and RAS inhibitors might in part occur through the beneficial direct islet effects shown here. Conversely, free @entity1718 that are elevated in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 may contribute to an impaired nutritive islet blood flow and thereby further aggravate the @entity6 state by limiting the supply of insulin needed to curb @entity4854 .

title: Pancreatic islet blood flow is selectively enhanced by @entity3371 , XXXX and @entity8673 , and suppressed by @entity2365 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7056 :: (MESH:C081309,Chemical) :: ['irbesartan']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity726 is a progressive @entity1781 associated with neural rim loss of the optic disc and the retinal nerve fibre layer typically causing @entity227 . Generally, @entity2194 slowly over the years. In population-based cross-sectional studies, the percentage of unilateral or bilateral @entity227 varied between 3-12%. In screening studies, 0.03-2.4% of @entity1 have been found to suffer @entity227 . @entity726 has previously been associated with substantial healthcare costs and resource consumption attributable to the treatment of the disease. The disease also causes reduction in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in @entity1 with @entity726 . OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: This study compares @entity1 with diagnosed @entity1538 from two geographically different regions in Finland. A total of 168 @entity1 were examined, 85 subjects from an area with higher per @entity1 treatment costs (Oulu) and 83 @entity1 from a region with lower per @entity1 treatment costs (Turku). All @entity1 had a history of continuous @entity726 medication use for a period of 11 years. For each @entity1 , the total direct costs from @entity726 treatment were calculated and the total amount of resource consumption was determined from registries and @entity1 records. Each @entity1 underwent a clinical examination with visual field assessment and fundus photography. These data were used to determine the current stage of disease for each @entity1 . Health-related quality of life questionnaire (15D) was used in determining each @entity1 's subjective HRQoL score. RESULTS: When applying the current diagnostic criteria for @entity1538 , a total of 40% of @entity1 did not to display any @entity2383 suggesting @entity726 after 11 years of continuous medical treatment and follow-up. @entity1 with @entity726 stage (worse disease) were found to have statistically higher treatment costs compared with those at lower disease stages. Resource consumption was also greater in the @entity1 in @entity726 stage. @entity1 in the Oulu district consumed more resources, and @entity726 treatment was more expensive than in the Turku area. The total treatment cost in Oulu and Turku was 6010     and 4452    , respectively, for the whole 11-year period. There was no statistically significant difference in quality-of-life scores between the two areas. No difference was noted between the higher-spending and lower-spending areas in this respect. However, when the population was analysed as a whole, @entity1 with @entity726 stage were found to have lower vision-based 15D scores compared with those at lower disease stages. This observation was made also at both districts independently. CONCLUSIONS: Major cost source in @entity1538 treatment is medication, up to 74% of annual costs. In addition, it seems that higher resource consumption and higher treatment costs do not increase the @entity1 ' HRQoL as assessed by the 15D instrument.

title: Comparison of resource utilization in the treatment of XXXX between two cities in Finland: is more better?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous lesions in the eye and in the visual field progress']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment', 'visual field (VF) deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma', 'higher glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural or functional damage']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: Attempts to increase dose intensity have been hampered by hematologic @entity137 . To address this issue, we designed a study to determine whether the reinfusion of PBPC significantly reduces the @entity137 of multicyclic dose-intensive chemotherapy. Thirty refractory @entity1 , median age 63, received CY 3 g/m2 plus @entity3601 60 mg/m2 followed by PBPC and @entity1261 (CM regimen). CY (at day 0) and @entity1261 were used to mobilize PBPC harvested by a single leukapheresis at day 10. @entity3601 was infused at day 11. PBPC were kept unprocessed at 4 degrees C for 48 h and reinfused at day 12. This regimen was repeated three times every 6 months. Outcomes were compared with those of 30 similar @entity1 treated with @entity3601 30 mg/m2 followed by @entity1261 only, and repeated every 2 months for a total of six cycles. In @entity1 receiving CY plus @entity3601 followed by PBPC reinfusion, the median duration of @entity1398 (ANC < 500/microliters) and @entity882 (platelets < 2500 microliters) was only 5 and 2 days respectively, and did not increase after the subsequent courses. @entity1503 was quite similar to that observed after @entity3601 30 mg/m2 plus @entity1261 . The CM regimen was followed by 30% complete remission and 86% response > 50%, @entity3601 30 mg/m2 by no complete remissions and 38% response > 50%. @entity1 receiving CM regimen showed a longer progression-free survival (22 vs 10 months, P < 0.01). The dose intensity of @entity3601 can be doubled by reinfusing PBPC without increasing @entity137 . The combination of CY and @entity3601 followed by PBPC improves response rate and outcome when compared to low-dose @entity3601 .

title: Multicyclic, dose-intensive chemotherapy supported by hemopoietic progenitors in refractory myeloma XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan', 'Melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 are the leading cause of @entity302 in adults and account for 50% of @entity410 in those over the age of 65 years. The use of antiepileptic drugs to prevent recurrent @entity410 is recommended. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity410 were randomly allocated to treatment with either @entity4677 (LEV) or sustained-release @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) in a multicenter randomized open-label study. After a titration study phase (2 weeks), the optimal individual dose of trial medication was determined and treatment was continued for another 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was defined as the proportion of @entity410 -free @entity1 ; the secondary endpoints were: evaluation of time recurrence to the first @entity410 , EEG tracings, cognitive functions and side effects. RESULTS: Of 128 @entity1 , 22 discontinued the trial prematurely; thus a total of 106 @entity1 (52 treated with LEV and 54 treated with @entity2050 ) were included in the analysis. The results of the study were as follows: no significant difference in number of @entity410 -free @entity1 between LEV and @entity2050 (p = 0.08); time to the first recurrence tended to be longer among @entity1 on LEV; there was no correlation between the therapeutic effect and the EEG findings in either treatment group; LEV caused significantly fewer (p = 0.02) side effects than @entity2050 ; attention deficit, frontal executive functions and functional scales (Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living indices) were significantly worse in the @entity2050 group. CONCLUSIONS: This trial suggests that LEV may be a valid alternative to @entity2050 in @entity410 , particularly in terms of efficacy and safety. In addition, our results show that LEV has significant advantages over @entity2050 on cognitive functions. This trial also indicates that LEV in monotherapy is a safe and effective therapeutic option in elderly @entity1 who have suffered @entity302 following a @entity64 .

title: @entity4677 versus XXXX in @entity1 with @entity410 : a multicenter prospective randomized open-label study (EpIC Project).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'poststroke seizures']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: Administration of @entity3575 or @entity3303 alone often insufficiently suppresses the haemodynamic reaction to laryngoscopy and intubation. We therefore evaluated the combination of both substances in @entity1 with good ventricular performance (EF > 60%) undergoing coronary bypass surgery. 20 @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity18403 or Group 2 (G2). As induction agents @entity12029 (0.025 mg/kg), @entity3575 (6-7 micrograms/kg) and @entity6305 (0.1 mg/kg) were used. 3 minutes prior to intubation G1- @entity1 received saline (0.1 cc/kg) while in G2 @entity1 @entity3303 (1 mg/kg) was administered. 10 minutes after termination of the preparations for induction (M1), prior to (M2), during (M3) and 10 minutes after the end of intubation (M4) heart rate (HR), blood pressure (MAP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and cardiac output (CO) were measured. From these values we calculated rate-pressure product (RPP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), cardiac index (CI), @entity64 volume (SV) and @entity64 index (SI). Whitney-Mann test (U-test) served for statistical evaluation. If compared to baseline (M1), induction of anaesthesia caused in both groups a significant @entity393 (G1: 109 to 81 mmHg; G2: 97 to 77 mmHg), CO (G1: 6.2 to 5.2 l/min; G2: 6.6 to 5.2 l/min), CI (G1: 3.3 to 2.8 l/min m2; G2: 3.5 to 2.7 l/min m2) and RPP (G1: 12701 to 10201 mmHg @entity1009 ; G2: 11309 to 8070 mmHg @entity1009 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity3303 plus XXXX for controlling cardiovascular reactions to laryngoscopy and intubation].

entities_list: @entity12029 :: ('MESH:D005445', 'Chemical') :: ['flunitrazepam']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of MAP']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: AIM: To find out whether efficacy of neuroleukemia (NL) prevention by intrathecal administration of cytosar and @entity1499 in remission induction phase in adult @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) depends on the risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study covered 68 @entity981 @entity1 . The diagnosis was made by cytological, histological and cytochemical tests of the peripheral blood and bone marrow. Immunophenotyping was performed in 48 @entity1 . The treatment followed the German protocol 04.89 in modification of the Hematological Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Prevention of NL consisted in intrathecal administration of cytosar (30 mg), @entity1499 (15 mg) and @entity619 (4 mg) once a week for 6 weeks beginning on induction day 1, further in consolidation, reinduction and once in 3 months in maintenance. Radiation of the brain was not conducted. Treatment of leuroleukemia consisted of intrathecal administration of the above drugs twice a week up to normalization of the liquor with subsequent their administration 5 times and craniospinal radiation in a dose 36 Gy. Further intrathecal administrations were made according to the protocol. RESULTS: Correlation was not found between age of the @entity1 and frequency of neuroleukemia onset, between neuroleukemia incidence and @entity1503 at diagnosis. Results of NL prevention with cytosar and @entity1499 given intrathecally in induction of remission (14.6% of neurorecurrences) are comparable with the results of NL prevention by radiation of the brain with intrathecal administration of @entity1499 obtained in the German cooperative trial. CONCLUSION: NL prevention in @entity981 adult @entity1 by intrathecal cytosar and @entity1499 in remission induction is effective.

title: [Prevention of neuroleukemia by intrathecal administration of cytosar and @entity1499 in XXXX in adults].

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral blood leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']