abstract: OBJECTIVE: Excess adiposity affects endocrine and metabolic function at rest and during exercise. This study evaluated the endocrine and metabolic responses to exercise in syndromic (Prader-Willi syndrome) and non-syndromic pediatric obesity. MATERIALS/METHODS: Eleven @entity6038 (10.9  1.6y, 45.4  9.5% body fat), 12 lean (9.4  1.2y, 17.5  4.6% body fat), and 12 @entity28 (9.2  1.2y, 39.9  6.8% body fat) @entity1 completed ten two-minute cycling exercise bouts, separated by one-minute rest. Blood samples were obtained at rest pre-exercise (PRE), @entity28330 ( @entity28330 ), and 15, 30 and 60minutes into recovery. Samples were analyzed for hormones and metabolites. RESULTS: Growth hormone increased in response to exercise in lean and @entity28 but not @entity6038 ( @entity28330 >PRE; @entity28330 : lean> @entity28 ). @entity1425 increased with exercise in lean ( @entity28330 >PRE), while @entity1063 increased in lean and @entity28 ( @entity28330 >PRE) but not @entity6038 ; no differences were observed between lean and @entity28 groups at @entity28330 . No other significant hormonal group interactions existed. @entity413 , @entity880 , free @entity844 , @entity653 and @entity6178 responses were similar among groups. CONCLUSION: @entity6038 @entity1 exhibited altered stress hormone responses to exercise. However, @entity413 -regulating hormones and metabolic responses to exercise appeared normal.

title: Hormonal and Metabolic Responses to Endurance Exercise in XXXX With @entity6038 and @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity28330 :: ('MESH:D057774', 'Disease') :: ['immediately post-exercise', 'IP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Immune status during @entity174 of @entity89 is a very important factor of pathogenesis. Immune @entity308 is developing shortly after the @entity130 and it turns out to be a bad prognostic sign, during which the risk of developing the bone wound complications and @entity130 increase, and in case of absence of such complications we are faced with significant extension of a term of @entity79 . We have carried out immune studies in 20 @entity1 with @entity14438 . To study SlgA and lysozyme activity we took saliva and studied percentage of T- and B-lymphocytes (and their sub-populations) in blood by the use of micro method. Immunoglobulins were defined by the method of radial immuno diffusion; we determined the interferon system by in vitro stimulation of leucocytes; neutrophilic phagocyte activity was studied by the method of Kost U.A. and Stepko M.I. According to the obtained results, during @entity174 of @entity89 sharp decrease of interferon system and significant decrease of phagocyte activity was observed. Likewise was decreased lysozyme and SlgA indices, which refer to the @entity308 of immune status of mouth cavity. From the cell immunity indices the decrease of T-activators and T-helpers and reduction of immunoregulation index should be emphasized. Quantity of B-lymphocytes was decreased by 10%. With the practical point of view the obtained results refer, alongside with carrying out the surgical, orthopedic and anti-microbial treatments, to the urgency of application of activators of phagocytosis, interferon and lysozyme immunomodulators. With the view of correction of cell immunity it is necessary to correct factors of T-lymphocytes and to increase activity of SigA and lysozyme, as the factors determining local resistance. The results obtained by us are rather important with the view of both immunology and applied, practical medicine. It enables us to lead the substantiated immune therapy, which will be harmonized with other etiotropic anti microbial therapy and will help us to improve significantly the results of anti- @entity32 therapy and to decrease cases of @entity532 .

title: Immune status during XXXX of @entity89 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity14438 :: ('MESH:D007572', 'Disease') :: ['lower jaw fractures']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['purulent complications']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['healing of bone wounds']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['lower jaw']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic osteomyelitis', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity984 is the most commonly mutated oncogene in @entity1 @entity5 . @entity984 -mutant cells may exhibit resistance to the allosteric @entity16629 inhibitor @entity17528 ( @entity17528 ; @entity17528 ) and allosteric @entity584 inhibitors (such as @entity17138 ), the combination of which may overcome resistance to both monotherapies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We conducted a dose/schedule-finding study evaluating @entity17138 and @entity17528 in @entity1 with advanced treatment-refractory solid @entity5 . Recommended dosing schedules were defined as @entity17138 at 135 mg weekly and @entity17528 at 100 mg once daily. RESULTS: Grade 3 rash was the most common dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT); other DLTs included grade 4 lipase increase, grade 3 @entity3136 , @entity294 , and fatigue, and grade 3 and grade 2 retinal pigment epithelium detachment. There were no meaningful pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Clinical antitumor activity included RECIST 1.0-confirmed partial responses in @entity1149 and @entity43 . CONCLUSION: Responses in @entity984 -mutant @entity5 were generally durable. Clinical cotargeting of @entity8047 and @entity584 signaling may be an important therapeutic strategy in @entity984 -driven @entity1 @entity5 (Trial NCT number NCT01021748). Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 739-48.   2014 AACR.

title: Antitumor Activity in RAS-Driven Tumors by Blocking XXXX and @entity8047 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['AKT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smoking is a risk factor for @entity301 , but it has been associated with better short-term prognosis in hospitalized @entity1 with @entity583 . The aims of this study were to determine the association between smoking and @entity583 28-day case-fatality in hospitalized @entity1 and at the population level; and, whether smokers presenting with fatal @entity583 are more likely to die before reaching a hospital. DESIGN AND METHODS: Population-based @entity583 registry, carried out in 1997-1998 in seven regions of Spain, used standardized methods to find and analyze suspected @entity583 @entity1 (10 654 @entity1 ; 7796 hospitalized). Four categories of smoking status were defined: never-smokers, former smokers for more than 1 year, former smokers for less than 1 year, and current smokers. RESULTS: The main end-point was 28-day case-fatality, found to be 20.1, 17.1, 15.6, and 8.9%, in the four smoking status categories, respectively, for hospitalized @entity1 ; and 37.4, 33.0, 24.5, and 23.2%, respectively, at population level. Hospitalized current smokers had lower age, sex, and comorbidity-adjusted 28-day case-fatality than never-smokers (odds ratio=0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.56-0.90). This association held at population level (odds ratio=0.68; 95% confidence interval: 0.60-0.76), in which former smoking was also associated with lower case-fatality. In fatal cases, recent former smokers presented a lower risk of out-of-hospital death than never-smokers (odds ratio=0.47; 95% confidence interval: 0.29-0.77), whereas current smoking was marginally associated with out-of-hospital death (odds ratio=1.22; 95% confidence interval: 0.99-1.50). CONCLUSIONS: Current smoking is associated with lower 28-day case-fatality in hospitalized @entity583 @entity1 . This association held at population level. Among fatal cases, smoking is associated with higher and recent former smoking with lower risk of dying out-of-hospital.

title: Smoking and XXXX case-fatality: hospital and population approach.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background @entity6817 are a class of medication indicated for @entity731 and @entity2299 . Since their appearance, many adverse events have been associated with their use. @entity2788 are rare but serious adverse events of @entity6817 . Objective To report the association between @entity6817 and ocular adverse events ( @entity227 , @entity227 , @entity227 , @entity1714 , @entity3467 , @entity10818 , and @entity940 ) which might be associated with muscle or liver problems by examining the frequency of ocular adverse events among the reported adverse drug reactions from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) data. Setting The FDA USA and @entity137 Australia databases. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of statin-associated ocular adverse events reported to FDA between 1988 and 2013 and @entity137 between 1988 and 2011. The recoded data included: @entity1 's age, gender, suspected drug and dosage, concomitant drug, adverse events, duration of therapy, dechallenge and rechallenge therapy. The differences in the adverse events profiles between each of the @entity6817 and @entity2993 were performed using Chi square and multivariate (logistic regression) statistical tests. Main outcome measure Percentages of subjects correlated with each Ocular adverse events. Results Among 131,755 cases of @entity1 taking @entity6817 in the FDA, there were 2325 cases reported ocular adverse events after using @entity6817 (1.8  %). The Chi square statistic showed that the proportions of ocular adverse events varied significantly (p  <  0.0001) across the different statin drugs. The most highly reported ocular adverse events associated with @entity6817 were @entity227 (48.4  %) and @entity227 (25.7  %). Results from logistic regression indicated that the ocular problems formed a greater proportion of the adverse events for subjects taking @entity2993 (2.1  %). Of the 1.8  %, ocular adverse events mostly occurred alone (60.9  %), followed by 30.3  % where muscle adverse events also were involved. The @entity137 data held 136 cases of @entity6817 associated ocular adverse events (47 @entity1 @entity227 and 64 reported @entity227 ). Conclusion All @entity6817 were associated with ocular side effects, with @entity2993 showed a higher incidence of ocular side effects in conjunction with muscle and liver problems.

title: Statin-associated @entity2788 : the FDA and XXXX data.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['vision impairment', 'reported blurred vision', 'blurred vision', 'visual field defect, reduced visual acuity', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee', 'ADRAC']

entities_list: @entity10818 :: ('MESH:D011305', 'Disease') :: ['presbyopia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetropia']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular disorders']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6817 :: ('D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Statins', 'statins']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['ADRAC']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of @entity1088 on aggressive behaviour and clinical outcomes in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity161 or @entity914 . METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 6 @entity1 and adolescents who were admitted consecutively to a long-term care facility for clinical outcomes, including seclusion and restraints incidents prior to and during @entity1088 treatment. We also present a representative case history. RESULTS: We noted clinically significant improvements in social interaction and decreases in the number of @entity2749 and homicidal or suicidal thoughts. The global assessment of functioning (GAF) scores improved significantly. Weight gain was significant. CONCLUSIONS: These cases illustrate the benefits of @entity1088 treatment in refractory childhood-onset @entity161 . Outcomes are similar to those described in adults. Even though open data limit conclusions from this study, it is pertinent that there was a clinically significant improvement in @entity146 . This may be particularly important for improved morale of @entity1 , their families, and treating staff. It may also be helpful in discharge to a less restrictive environment.

title: @entity1088 impact on clinical outcomes and @entity146 in severely ill adolescents with childhood-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['violent episodes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviours']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical features, electrophysiology and neuropathological characteristics of peripheral nerves in @entity1 with @entity16 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, electrophysiology and neuropathological characteristics of 15 @entity1 with @entity16 who underwent electrophysiology and sural nerve biopsy in our department from January 2009 to June 2013. RESULTS: There were 8 males and 7 females, aged from 38 to 82 years old, with a @entity1897 course ranged from 0.5 month to 60 months. In the total of 15 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity16 , while the other 12 @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity13571 ( @entity13571 ) including 5 cases of @entity13571 and 7 cases of @entity13571 . In @entity1 diagnosed as @entity13571 , there were 2 cases of @entity12534 ( @entity12534 ) and 3 cases of ANCA associated @entity1333 . In @entity1 diagnosed as @entity13571 , there were 1 case of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), 2 cases of @entity10632 ( @entity10632 ), 3 cases of @entity309 ( @entity309 ), 1 case of @entity2403 associated with @entity3557 , 1 case of @entity1956 and 1 case of @entity309 -associated @entity10632 . For the pathological features of @entity16 , type 1 lesion was found in 4 @entity1 , type 2 lesion in 2 @entity1 , and type 3 lesion in 9 @entity1 . Axon degeneration was observed in 8 @entity1 , while 7 @entity1 manifested as @entity528 associated with @entity17 and local thickening of the perineurium was found in 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Multiple mononeuropathy and asymmetric @entity305 are the common clinical presentations of @entity16 . Electrodiagnostic testing almost always reveals the evidence of a predominantly axonal and sensorimotor process with associated @entity17 presented in some cases. Sural nerve biopsy shows changes indicative of an axonopathy.

title: [The clinical electrophysiology and pathological characteristics of 15 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['SVN', 'secondary systemic vasculitis', 'primary systemic vasculitis', 'systemic vasculitis neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['CSS', 'Churg-Strass syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy', 'vasculitic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ['sicca syndrome', 'SS']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ["Behcet' s disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axon degeneration']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['vasculitic neuropathy']


abstract: Novel cytostatic drugs have recently been introduced to treat @entity5 @entity1 . Although of only modest efficacy, their use is widespread, considerably increasing treatment costs. An easily applicable method to assess their efficacy and cost-effectiveness is needed. We have documented new cytostatic drugs whose consumption increased by over 60% from January 1998 to December 2000 in @entity1 with advanced or metastatic @entity5 of the colorectum, lung (non-small cell), breast, ovary or brain. A review of the literature yielded 17 treatments that included these agents. For each regimen, we recorded six efficacy variables [ @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), survival rate at 1 year, absolute risk reduction, time to progression, quality of life (QoL), and @entity1 needed to treat (NNT)]. A four-point (A-D) efficacy (E) scale and a five-point (1-5) strength of evidence (SE) scale were applied. We obtained the cost differential of each regimen for a 4-week treatment, cost per extra month of @entity1349 . and cost per NNT. One combination was rated with A efficacy ( @entity1349 > 9 months+improved QoL) and nine with D (no @entity1349 or QoL improvement); 12 studies presented good quality (grade 1-2) evidence. The QoL of @entity1 was significantly improved in only two regimens. The average cost differential was 1 311 @entity7634 (all new regimens except one showed higher cost); the average cost per extra month of @entity1349 was 6 415 @entity7634 ; and treatment cost per NNT was 87 767 @entity7634 . Our method proved to be easy to apply, enabled comparisons with other treatments to be made and revealed that these very costly changes in clinical practice are not justified by available studies.

title: New chemotherapy treatments in XXXX @entity1 : an easily applicable evaluation of clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'median survival time']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: There are few studies reporting the incidence of @entity6831 ( @entity6831 ) in @entity1 with @entity463 ; only small case series have been published. Consequently, there are no established standards of care for these @entity1 . Therefore, we undertook this retrospective review to evaluate a large series of @entity1 with @entity463 treated at MD Anderson @entity5 Center to estimate the incidence of @entity6831 and assess the impact of a variety of treatment modalities. Analysis was performed on 595 @entity1 with @entity463 treated on clinical trials from 2006 to 2012. The diagnosis of @entity6831 was made by imaging or positive cerebrospinal fluid cytology in 24 @entity1 . An additional 12 @entity1 with known @entity6831 diagnosed during this same period were included to evaluate the impact of treatment on outcome for a total of 36 @entity1 . @entity6831 developed in 4.0  % (24/595 @entity1 ) of the clinical trial cohort. Median survival from @entity463 diagnosis was 16.0  months. Estimated median time of @entity463 diagnosis to @entity6831 was 11.9  months. Median overall survival from the time of @entity6831 diagnosis was 3.5  months. @entity1 treated for @entity6831 with chemotherapy/targeted therapy and radiation had a significantly prolonged survival (7.7  months) compared to chemotherapy/targeted therapy alone, radiation alone or palliative care. @entity6831 remains an uncommon event in @entity1 with @entity463 . @entity1 treated aggressively with chemotherapy/targeted therapy and radiation had the longest median survival following diagnosis of @entity6831 . However, @entity1 receiving chemotherapy/targeted therapy and radiation were younger and this may have influenced survival. Given the overall poor outcomes, improved therapeutic approaches are needed for @entity463 @entity1 with @entity6831 .

title: XXXX ; an inspection of risk factors, treatment, and outcomes at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal dissemination', 'LMD']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Leptomeningeal dissemination in glioblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Microvessel density within the prostate is associated with presence of @entity5 , disease stage, and disease-specific survival. We evaluated multidetector computed tomography (CT) to estimate prostate perfusion and @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ten subjects were evaluated with contrast enhanced CT before radical prostatectomy with the Mx8000IDT 16-slice scanner. Following baseline pelvic scan, 100 cc of Optiray 300 was administered intravenously (4 cc per second). Repeated dynamic scans through the prostate were obtained at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 seconds following initiation of contrast injection. Computed tomography perfusion was compared with pathologic findings of Gleason score and @entity5 volume on whole-mount prostatectomy specimens. RESULTS: Conventional @entity420 (Gleason score, 6-10) was present in all subjects, including one who also demonstrated a mucinous variant of @entity263 . Visible focal CT enhancement was noted in 1 @entity1 with a @entity5 and a Gleason score of 10. A positive correlation between local estimates of CT perfusion and percent of prostate volume occupied by @entity5 in each sextant was found for half of the subjects (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.3-0.95; mean, 0.48) but statistically significant correlation (P < 0.05; Pearson coefficient, 0.9-0.95) was present in only the 2 subjects with the highest Gleason scores (8 and 10) and the highest @entity5 volume (> or = 50% in > or = 1 sextant region). CONCLUSION: Visible enhancement of @entity263 during dynamic CT is present in a minority of subjects. Correlation between quantitative CT perfusion and @entity5 location is statistically significant only in subjects with localized high-volume, poorly differentiated @entity263 .

title: Quantitative computed tomography perfusion of XXXX : correlation with whole-mount pathology.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'high-volume tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localize prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To revise the Paediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) to adjust for improvement in the outcome of paediatric intensive care. DESIGN: International, multi-centre, prospective, observational study. SETTING: Twelve specialist paediatric intensive care units and two combined adult and paediatric units in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. @entity1 : All @entity1 admitted during the study period. In the analysis, 20787 @entity1 admissions of @entity1 less than 16 years were included after 220 @entity1 transferred to other ICUs and one @entity1 still in ICU had been excluded. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: A revised model was developed by forward and backward logistic regression. Variable selection was based on the effect of including or dropping variables on discrimination and fit. The addition of three variables, all derived from the main reason for ICU admission, improved the fit across diagnostic groups. Data from seven units were used to derive a learning model that was tested using data from seven other units. The model fitted the test data well (deciles of risk goodness-of-fit chi(2 )8.14, p=0.42) and discriminated between death and survival well [area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plot 0.90 (0.89-0.92)]. The final @entity28443 model, derived from the entire sample of 19638 survivors and 1104 @entity1 who died, also fitted and discriminated well [chi(2 )11.56, p=0.17; area 0.90 (0.89-0.91)]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity28443 has been re-calibrated to reflect the improvement that has occurred in intensive care outcome. @entity28443 estimates mortality risk from data readily available at the time of ICU admission and is therefore suitable for continuous monitoring of the quality of paediatric intensive care.

title: XXXX : a revised version of the Paediatric Index of Mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity28443 :: (11040,Gene) :: ['PIM2']


abstract: The endothelium plays a key role in the pathophysiology of @entity455 . @entity384 ( @entity384 ) is a measure of @entity409 resulting from reduced bioavailability of @entity842 (NO). @entity1 with @entity7611 manifest with @entity384 , but in mild @entity3562 , the evidence is conflicting. Oral loading with @entity1853 or @entity1255 impairs @entity384 , but it remains unproven that this effect is mediated directly by @entity1255 . In addition, there is no clear consensus as to a mechanisms by which @entity1255 would induce @entity409 . @entity1501 administration lowers plasma @entity1255 and enhances @entity384 . However, the effect of @entity1501 only appears to occur at high doses and with a time course that would indicate that it is acting by a mechanism independent of @entity1255 lowering. It is possible that @entity1501 , in pharmacological doses, may enhance the NO activity by influencing NO- @entity8083 interactions. These studies provide some insights and raise intriguing questions concerning the relationship between @entity1255 , @entity1501 , and endothelial function. However, changes in @entity384 may not translate into vascular endpoints, and the outcomes of clinical intervention trials with different doses of @entity1501 are awaited with interest.

title: @entity1255 and endothelial function in XXXX studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['Folate', 'folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity7611 :: ('MESH:D006712', 'Disease') :: ['homocystinuria']

entities_list: @entity8083 :: ('MESH:C003402', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrobiopterin']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired flow-mediated dilatation', 'impaired FMD', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Reconstruction of the vagina has always been a formidable surgical challenge. A variety of procedures with varying degrees of success have been described, but none has proved to be the ideal method. We have done 15 vaginal reconstructions using labia minora flaps. In the first eight @entity1 , we used two labia minora flaps and sutured them together to create a neovagina. In the last eight @entity1 this new technique of vaginoplasty using @entity1641 shoe labia minora flap was used. The neovagina is dilated gradually for a period of 3 months and at the end of 3 months the @entity1 has an adequate sized vagina. All were done for @entity365 . @entity1641 shoe flap vaginoplasty in Mayer, Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome is a new technique. The entire hairless skin within the labia majora is used to create a neovagina. Both the labia minora along with the prepucial skin of the clitoris is elevated as a single flap thereby increasing the dimension of the Neovagina and also augmenting the blood supply of the flap, making it more reliable and finally the design simplifies the technique of suturing the neovaginal tube.

title: XXXX shoe flap vaginoplasty--a new technique of vaginal reconstruction with labia minora flaps for primary @entity365 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal agenesis']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['Horse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3214 ( @entity3214 ) is a form of @entity1375 that occurs during @entity221 . @entity3214 is characterized by low thyroid hormones (TH) level in the serum and tissues, with normal serum TSH levels that are considered "inappropriately" normal. The mechanisms responsible for a lack of increase in serum TSH during @entity3214 are unknown. However, a decreased expression of hypothalamic @entity1218 has been documented in deceased @entity1 with @entity3214 . It has been suggested that pro-inflammatory cytokines are responsible for the inhibition of @entity1218 release. If a similar TSH response occurs in severely ill @entity1 with @entity1375 has not been reported. DESIGN: Seven severely ill @entity1 with unknown or poorly treated @entity1375 are presented. Serum TSH and TH were measured at admission and during TH replacement. SETTING: Tertiary university hospital. RESULTS: Besides suffering severe @entity221 , patient's serum TSH was high and decreased once TH replacement was given. @entity1955 administration was enough to down regulate TSH secretion. Serum reverse T3 (rT3) was normal or high and showed further elevation with stepwise increase in @entity1955 doses. CONCLUSIONS: The thyroid axis inhibitory feedback system is fully preserved in @entity1375 during severe @entity221 . In @entity3214 , serum TSH levels remain within normal limits because the supply of TH to @entity1218 neurons is sustained normally. Pro-inflammatory cytokines does not play a major role inhibiting @entity1218 release during @entity3214 associated to @entity1375 . D3 activity increases in @entity1 with severe @entity221 , a mechanism behind the increased requirements in TH replacement to achieve normal serum TH.

title: Thyroid hormones are needed to sustain "inappropriately" normal TSH during non-thyroidal illness syndrome: a clinical observation in severely ill @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine', 'Levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['Non-thyroidal illness syndrome', 'NTIS']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['primary hypothyroidism']


abstract: Early diagnosis avoiding unnecessary treatment of @entity2348 remains one of the greatest challenges for obstetricians and pediatricians. To meet these objectives, many inflammatory mediators were used, including @entity1904 (PCT). The aim of our study was to determine the usefulness of PCT in early diagnosis and management of @entity281 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Over a period of 8 months, all living newborns with highly suspected @entity2348 who were to receive antibiotic treatment according to our neonatal unit protocol were included in this prospective study. Serum PCT concentrations were determined at birth and after 12h of life using a specific immunoluminometric assay. Two distinct populations were defined based on clinical, biological, and bacteriological criteria: group 1: infected neonates, and group 2: noninfected neonates. STATISTICAL METHODS: We compared PCT means in different groups and determined the cut-off value correlated with @entity2348 by analyzing the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC). RESULTS: A total of 130 neonates were included in the study: 38 (29%) were classified in group 1 with 29 possible @entity281 and 9 defined @entity281 , including 5 cases of @entity295 . The average PCT at birth in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 2 (3.52    8.19 ng/ml vs 0.43    0.73 ng/ml; P<0.001). The PCT threshold value at birth found by the ROC curve with the highest sensitivity (71.1%) and highest specificity (62%) was 0.215 ng/ml. The negative predictive value (NPV) was 83.8%, making it possible to avoid unnecessary treatment in the majority of the cases. The PCT threshold value within 12h of birth was 3.78 ng/ml, for a sensitivity of 89.5% and 1 NPV of 94.4%. CONCLUSION: PCT is a valuable biological examination because it can be administered early, it is sensitive, and it has a NPV. These characteristics make PCT a biological argument that can be used in the initial decision on whether to administer antibiotics. Another study will be conducted to establish the cut-off value.

title: [Usefulness of serum @entity1904 in the early diagnosis of XXXX . A prospective study].

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['maternal-fetal bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['maternal-fetal bacterial infection']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the utility of intramuscular @entity2934 (LZ) with the combination of intramuscular @entity1767 (HDL) and LZ to control acutely agitated behavior. DESIGN: Randomized double-blind comparison. SETTING: Psychiatric emergency service of a large, university-affiliated, municipal hospital. @entity1 : Twenty subjects treated on the @entity146 emergency service. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received an injection of either LZ 2 mg (11 @entity1 ) or HDL 5 mg plus LZ 2 mg (9 @entity1 ). The @entity146 ( @entity146 ), visual analog scales reflecting @entity2146 and hostility, and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) severity scale were administered at baseline and 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after the injection. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Planned data comparisons included categoric assignment of @entity1 as improved, as defined by decreases in outcome measures 60 minutes after the injection, as well as continuous variables up to 180 minutes after the injection. A significantly greater percentage of subjects receiving combined treatment improved on the specific measures 60 minutes after dosing (p<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed significant between-group differences in survival curves plotted for the entire study period (p<0.05). Repeated measures analyses of variance studying group differences showed that both groups improved over time, but between-group differences were not significant. The powers of these analyses were low due to the small sample. No serious adverse effects occurred in either treatment group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest superior efficacy for HDL-LZ over LZ alone. Categoric tests of improvement at 60 minutes provided the strongest evidence of group differences.

title: A double-blind study of @entity2934 versus the combination of @entity1767 and @entity2934 in managing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'OAS', 'Overt Aggression Scale']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity2146 :: (MESH:D011595,Disease) :: ['agitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate evaluation of renal function is required before @entity5 chemotherapy. Various kinds of formula have been developed for estimating @entity1011 clearance (Ccr) or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) conveniently. We retrospectively examined the reliability of the GFR estimating formula using the renal function data in @entity5 chemotherapy. METHODS: Clinical data of 12 @entity1 with @entity5464 from 1998 to 2013 in Saga University Hospital were reviewed. @entity1 were treated with 6-21 (median 10.5) courses of chemotherapy and those @entity1 underwent 9-29 (median 14.5) times of 24hrCcr tests before and during chemotherapy. We compared estimated GFR (eGFR) with 24hrCcr. In addition, we developed a novel method to estimate the Ccr using the @entity1 -inherent 24hrCcr/eGFR ratio, which is calculated from initial 3 or 4 determinations of 24hrCcr and the corresponding eGFR. Those estimated Ccrs were also compared with 24hrCcr. RESULTS: The dissociation between 24hrCcr and eGFR was not constant, and a large dissociation was observed in some cases. The newly devised estimated Ccr demonstrated less dissociation from 24hrCcr compared with eGFR. CONCLUSIONS: The eGFR formula is not adequate for the clinical use in @entity5 chemotherapy. The absolute value of eGFR is not reliable, but clinical use of eGFR as relative value seems to be acceptable. To avoid troublesome 24hrCcr measurement in long-term @entity5 chemotherapy, eGFR formula can be used for estimating Ccr in combination with the specific inherent 24hrCcr/eGFR ratio, which is obtained from 3 or 4 times of actual 24hrCcr measurements.

title: Is the eGFR formula adequate for evaluating renal function before chemotherapy in @entity1 with XXXX ? A suggestion for clinical application of eGFR formula.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5464 :: ('MESH:D014565', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital cancer']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity5464 :: (MESH:D014565,Disease) :: ['urogenital cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nowadays urinary cytology methods in early diagnosis of @entity150 ( @entity189 ) allow the identification of about 35-50% of @entity5 . Cytoscopy and biopsy are reliable but invasive. It has been recently shown that allelic abnormalities detected by microsatellite analysis of DNA extracted from urine sediment can be successfully used in @entity189 . We performed a comparative study between urinary cytology and microsatellite sequence alterations in @entity1 affected by @entity189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 were recruited for the study. Of these, 45 had cystoscopic diagnosis of @entity189 , while 7 were without apparent lesions after TUR but presented urinary irritative symptoms after BCG endocavitary administration, and 6 who underwent open surgery for benign @entity1067 represented the control groups. DNA extraction and PCR analysis were performed by using 13 different primers, while urinary cytology was performed by using an Autocyte Preparation System. RESULTS: Urinary cytology confirmed the presence of @entity189 in 22% of @entity1 while in 15.5% of them a displastic/inflammatory status was found. Microsatellite analysis allowed the identification of 82% of @entity5 with a 100% specificity. A high sensitivity was obtained in @entity1 affected by superficial (79%) or G1(80%) @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Microsatellite analysis represents a highly sensitive and specific marker in @entity189 diagnosis and monitoring.

title: Molecular urinary sediment analysis in @entity1 with transitional cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['superficial bladder transitional carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: primary @entity706 are uncommon. Among them, @entity1494 are extremely unusual @entity5 , with clinico-radiological features similar to @entity189 of bladder. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular studies are compulsory for the diagnosis. We report a case of this @entity5 . CLINICAL CASE: An 80-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity811 . Abdominal ultrasound and cystoscopy revealed an infiltrating @entity150 involving the right lateral wall. After transuretral biopsy, a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin large @entity1892 was made. Neither clinical symptoms nor radiological findings showed disseminated disease, indicating that the @entity5 was localized in the bladder. After chemotherapy, the @entity1 is disease-free after 9 months follow-up. COMMENT: if a @entity150 with uncommon histopathological features is found, @entity706 should be excluded, because chemotherapy avoids cystectomy.

title: [Primary non-Hodgkin large XXXX . Report of a case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'genitourinary lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma of bladder']


abstract: Diffuse @entity548 is a life-threatening complication after bone marrow transplantation. We investigated the @entity854 that occurred in 39 transplantation @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity548 and correlated the findings with the @entity1 ' clinical course. The initial @entity854 after @entity548 developed an average of 11 days after bone marrow transplantation, and the @entity854 preceded the clinical diagnosis by an average of 3 days. Twenty-seven @entity1 initially had bilateral @entity854 ; 10 initially had @entity854 (seven in the right lung, three in the left lung). Two @entity1 had normal chest radiographs throughout their clinical course. All 37 @entity1 with radiographic @entity854 involving the central portion of the lung, primarily the middle and lower lung zones. The initial radiographic pattern was interstitial in 27 and alveolar in 10. In 24 @entity1 , @entity854 were initially judged to be mild; three were severe from the onset. @entity854 rapidly worsened in most @entity1 over 6 days. In 30 @entity1 , diffuse bilateral @entity854 involving all lung zones developed. Eleven @entity1 persisted in having only interstitial @entity854 ; 26 had a confluent alveolar pattern. At the height of @entity854 , 27 cases were judged to be severe, and only one case was judged to be mild. The mortality rate in @entity1 with @entity548 was 77%. The @entity854 of @entity548 are nonspecific and usually precede the clinical diagnosis. The clinical course after @entity548 is short, often resulting in @entity204 .

title: Diffuse XXXX after bone marrow transplantation: radiographic findings in 39 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral abnormalities', 'Radiographic abnormalities', 'abnormalities had abnormalities', 'radiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar hemorrhage', 'diffuse alveolar hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: In 100 @entity249 @entity1 with @entity3610 attending the @entity249 clinic of this institute, transvaginal ultrasound findings of ovaries were correlated with both clinical and hormonal parameters using Chi-square test. RESULTS: All @entity1 in the study had @entity2589 or @entity2588 , 70% had @entity3427 and more than half were @entity28 . On transvaginal ultrasound, ovarian volume was more than 10 cm3 in all, 90% had more than 10 follicles in each ovary, 75% had stromal thickness more than 1 cm and more than half had increased stromal echogenicity. Seventy percent had high @entity251 levels and 60% were detected to have @entity2690 resistance. Ovarian volume correlated positively with body mass index, waist/hip ratio and menstrual cycle irregularity (p < 0.05). The correlation between ovarian size, LH/FSH ratio and @entity3190 was highly significant (p < 0.005), but was low for serum @entity3800 and also @entity3427 . Number of follicles per ovary correlated positively with body mass index, @entity1866 (p < 0.01), @entity2690 resistance as well as @entity3800 (p < 0.005). Positive predictive @entity43 was 100% for @entity2690 resistance as well as D4 @entity2671 . Increased stromal thickness also showed 70% positive prediction for clinical parameters, 66% for @entity2690 resistance and 82% for serum D4 @entity2671 . Contrary to the other ultrasound parameters of @entity8767 ovary, stromal echogenicity did not significantly correlate with any of the clinical or hormonal parameters except serum @entity251 . CONCLUSION: Transvaginal ultrasonography of the ovaries confirms the clinical profile and also gives an insight to the hormonal milieu of the @entity1 with @entity3610 .

title: Ultrasonography of the ovaries and its correlation with clinical and endocrine parameters in XXXX @entity1 with @entity3610 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['value of ovarian follicle number']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'anovulatory infertile']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual irregularity']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity2589 :: ('MESH:D009839', 'Disease') :: ['oligomenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity8767 :: ('MESH:D007690', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertile']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Studying the biochemical responses of different plant species to insect herbivory may help improve our understanding of the evolution of defensive metabolites found in host plants and their role in plant-herbivore interactions. Untargeted metabolic fingerprints measured as individual mass features were used to compare metabolite reactions in three Brassicales host-plant species (Cleome spinosa, @entity5598 , and Lunaria annua) to larval herbivore attack ( @entity1762 ; Lepidoptera). Principal component analyses of metabolic fingerprints were able to distinguish among the three plant species and between uneaten control plants and plants that had been eaten. A large number of mass features (1186, 13% of mass features measured in control plants) were common to the three plant species. However, there were few similarities in the mass features that were induced (i.e. changed in abundance) following herbivory. Of the 87 and 68 induced mass features in @entity5598 and C. spinosa, respectively, there were only three that were induced in both plant species. By contrast, L. annua only had one mass feature induced by herbivory, and this was not induced in the other two plant species. The growth of the @entity1762 larvae was poorer on the host plant L. annua than on @entity5598 and C. spinosa. The absence of common metabolites among the plants meant these induced responses could not be related to the performance of the herbivore. Thus, the response to herbivory by the same herbivore in these three host plants has evolved to be idiosyncratic in terms of the specific metabolites induced.

title: Analysis of plant leaf metabolites reveals no common response to insect herbivory by XXXX in three related host-plant species.

entities_list: @entity1762 :: ('64459', 'Species') :: ['Pieris rapae', 'P. rapae']

entities_list: @entity5598 :: ('3712', 'Species') :: ['B. oleracea', 'Brassica oleracea']

answer: @entity1762 :: (64459,Species) :: ['Pieris rapae']


abstract: Two consecutive studies have evaluated the efficacy of @entity901 combined with the Nordic bolus schedule of @entity1487 and @entity4181 as first-line treatment in metastatic non-resectable @entity14 . One hundred and twelve @entity1 were followed after end of first-line treatment and any secondary therapy registered. Fifty-three @entity1 (47%) did not receive second-line @entity2600 -based chemotherapy. The main reason was too poor performance status (59%). These @entity1 had a median survival of only 1.7 months after progression of first-line therapy. The best predictive factors at start of first-line chemotherapy for receiving later second-line chemotherapy were performance status and alkaline phosphatase level. Fifty-nine @entity1 (53%) received @entity2600 -based second-line therapy. Four (7%) @entity1 had a partial response, and 28 (52%) had stable disease. Median progression-free survival after second-line chemotherapy was 4.1 months and median survival 9.5 months. Median survival after first-line chemotherapy and secondary liver surgery was 34 months and five-year disease-free survival 8%. Survival among @entity1 receiving both first- and second-line chemotherapy was 20.8 months, but only 8.9 months in @entity1 not receiving second-line @entity2600 -based chemotherapy. Poor performance status or elevated alkaline phosphatase level at start of first-line chemotherapy predicts whether second-line chemotherapy will be given or not.

title: Secondary treatment and predictive factors for second-line chemotherapy after first-line XXXX -based therapy in metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: Controlling serum @entity3151 levels in @entity1 with @entity177 is critical. The use of oral @entity1391 -binding agents is universal for @entity1 with @entity454 to reduce @entity1391 absorption. The therapeutic goal is to reduce serum @entity3151 levels without disturbing @entity460 homeostasis or promoting accumulation of potentially toxic elements from the medication. @entity13923 effectively reduces serum @entity3151 , but has largely been abandoned as a first-line @entity1391 binder because of hazards associated with metal absorption and tissue accumulation. Traditional @entity460 -based @entity1391 binders tend to promote @entity2741 and @entity460 overloading, and are linked to accelerated @entity65 . Interest in @entity3775 -free, @entity460 -free @entity1391 -binding agents continues to grow. @entity11649 , a metal-free, @entity460 -free hydrogel, is not absorbed, has been proven safe and efficacious in controlling serum @entity3151 , and is associated with attenuated progression of @entity65 . @entity19006 is a newer @entity3775 -free, @entity460 -free @entity1391 -binding agent. @entity3740 is a rare-earth trace metal with industrial and agricultural applications. As a therapeutic, this metal-based binder appears effective in reducing serum @entity3151 , yet concerns remain about @entity3740 accumulation in tissues during long-term oral administration. Similar to the metal @entity3775 , @entity3740 is absorbed in the intestine and accumulates in body tissues, especially in the liver, bone, muscle, kidney, and brain. Moreover, the rate of intestinal absorption of @entity3740 is enhanced in @entity177 . Our experience with @entity13923 suggests caution regarding the long-term use of another metal-based agent that displays enhanced absorption in the uremic state and progressive tissue accumulation.

title: XXXX as a first-line @entity1391 binder: the "cons".

entities_list: @entity13923 :: ('MESH:D000536', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum hydroxide', 'Aluminum hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['Lanthanum', 'lanthanum']

entities_list: @entity19006 :: ('MESH:C119467', 'Chemical') :: ['Lanthanum carbonate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity11649 :: ('MESH:C405346', 'Chemical') :: ['Sevelamer hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage kidney disease']

answer: @entity19006 :: (MESH:C119467,Chemical) :: ['Lanthanum carbonate']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and @entity137 of escalating doses of @entity1259 and @entity1311 plus fixed dose of @entity2879 and to define the activity of the triplet in extensive @entity151 . Thirteen @entity1 entered the phase I study: the maximum tolerated doses were @entity1259 (EpiDX) 90 mg m-2 and @entity1311 (P) 175 mg m-2 with @entity1398 as dose-limiting @entity137 . The recommended schedule for this regimen for the phase II study was EpiDX 75 mg m-2, P 175 mg m-2, @entity2879 (E) 100 mg m-2 intravenous (fixed dose) days 1-3 with courses repeated every 21 days. The prophylactic use of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) was not allowed. Twenty @entity1 entered the phase II trial: median age was 61 years (range 50-70), median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 (0-2); nine @entity1 had @entity66 and 17 had more than two metastatic sites. A total of 100 courses were administered with a median of 5 (range 1-6) per @entity1 . Main @entity137 (NCI-CTC) was myelosuppression: @entity1398 grades 3 and 4 in 16 and 35% of the courses, respectively. Seven episodes of @entity1398 were documented and one @entity1 required hospital admission. Nonhaematological @entity137 was moderate. Seven out of 19 evaluable @entity1 achieved a complete response (37%), nine @entity1 (47.3%) a partial response with an overall response rate of 84.2% (95% confidence interval=60.4-96.6). In this poor prognostic population of @entity1 the triplet @entity1259 / @entity1311 / @entity2879 showed high antitumour activity with mild nonhaematological side effects. The use of CSFs should be able to improve the haematological profile.

title: @entity1259 / XXXX / @entity2879 in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a phase I-II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['visceral disease']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['disease small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Insulin-producing cell clusters (IPCCs) have recently been generated in vitro from adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) to circumvent islet shortage. However, it is unknown how long they can survive upon transplantation, whether they are eventually rejected by recipients, and how their long-term survival can be induced to permanently cure type 1 @entity6 . IPCC graft survival is critical for their clinical application and this issue must be systematically addressed prior to their in-depth clinical trials. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we found that IPCC grafts that differentiated from @entity19 ASCs in vitro, unlike their freshly isolated islet counterparts, did not survive long-term in syngeneic @entity19 , suggesting that ASC-derived IPCCs have intrinsic survival disadvantage over freshly isolated islets. Indeed, b cells retrieved from IPCC syngrafts underwent faster apoptosis than their islet counterparts. However, blocking both Fas and @entity637 receptor death pathways inhibited their apoptosis and restored their long-term survival in syngeneic recipients. Furthermore, blocking @entity14636 -CD154 costimulation and @entity637 signaling induced long-term IPCC allograft survival in overwhelming majority of recipients. Importantly, Fas-deficient IPCC allografts exhibited certain immune privilege and enjoyed long-term survival in diabetic NOD @entity19 in the presence of @entity10867 / @entity14636 joint blockade while their islet counterparts failed to do so. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Long-term survival of ASC-derived IPCC syngeneic grafts requires blocking Fas and @entity637 death pathways, whereas blocking both death pathways and @entity10867 / @entity14636 costimulation is needed for long-term IPCC allograft survival in diabetic NOD @entity19 . Our studies have important clinical implications for treating type 1 @entity6 via ASC-derived IPCC transplantation.

title: Promoting long-term survival of insulin-producing cell grafts that differentiate from adipose tissue-derived stem cells to cure type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Aging is a natural process involving complex interplay between environment, metabolism, and genes. Sirtuin genes and their downstream targets have been associated with lifespan in numerous organisms from @entity2199 to @entity1 . Several target proteins of the sirtuin genes are key sensors and/or effectors of oxidative stress pathways including @entity16389 , @entity39051 , and @entity584 . To examine the relationship between single @entity377 polymorphisms (SNP) at candidate genes in these pathways and @entity1 lifespan, we performed a molecular epidemiologic study of an elderly cohort (>= 65 years old.). Using age at @entity204 as a continuous outcome variable and assuming a co-dominant genetic model within the framework of multi-variable linear regression analysis, the genotype-specific adjusted mean age at @entity204 was estimated for individual SNP genotypes while controlling for age-related risk factors including smoking, body mass index, @entity167 consumption and co-morbidity. Significant associations were detected between @entity1 lifespan and SNPs in genes @entity34268 , @entity34377 , @entity34378 , @entity16389 and @entity39051 . Individuals with either the CC or CT genotype at @entity60580 within @entity34378 displayed >5-year mean survival advantages compared to the TT genotype (5.5 and 5.9 years, respectively; q-value =0.012). Other SNPs revealed genotype-specific mean survival advantages ranging from 0.5 to 1.6 years. Gender also modified the effect of SNPs in @entity34268 , @entity34377 and @entity584 on lifespan. Our novel findings highlight the impact of sirtuins and sirtuin-related genotypes on lifespan, the importance of evaluating gender and the advantage of using age as a continuous variable in analyses to report mean age at @entity204 .

title: XXXX Minor Allele Genotype Is Associated with >5-Year Decrease in Lifespan in an Aged Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity34378 :: (51548,Gene) :: ['SIRT6']


abstract: Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX) are known, and to date most studies have implicated @entity2247 in the development and progression of various @entity1 @entity5 . Increasing evidence suggests that @entity9859 may also play a similar role. Indeed, we have recently observed that the dual @entity9859 / @entity2247 inhibitor @entity3352 induces apoptosis in @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cell lines more effectively than the selective @entity2247 inhibitors, possibly implicating @entity9859 in @entity157 . In this study we investigated the expression of @entity9859 in @entity5 and malignant @entity1 liver tissues, as well as the effects of the highly selective @entity9859 inhibitor @entity16539 on cell growth and apoptosis in @entity1 @entity157 cell lines. Expression of @entity9859 was detected in nearly all the samples assayed, although with a high variability between non-tumoral (NT) and malignant tissues. The percentage of @entity9859 positive cells was significantly higher in the NT tissues than in the @entity5 (p<0.0001). In well-differentiated @entity157 @entity9859 expression was significantly higher than in the poorly-differentiated tissues (p<0.05). @entity16539 showed a dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effect on @entity157 cell growth. The combination of the @entity9859 inhibitor with @entity9695 and @entity57959 , two selective @entity2247 inhibitors, resulted in additive effects on cell growth inhibition. @entity16539 also inhibited colony formation in soft agar and induced apoptosis in @entity157 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, @entity16539 decreased the levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins survivin and @entity9846 and activated @entity31373 in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. In conclusion, we report for the first time that the selective @entity9859 inhibitor @entity16539 exhibits anti- @entity5 and apoptotic effects in @entity1 @entity157 cells. Overall, our previous and present results suggest that both @entity9859 and @entity2247 inhibitors may have potential therapeutic implications in @entity157 @entity1 .

title: The selective cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor XXXX suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in @entity1 @entity157 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'non-tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9695 :: ('MESH:C012655', 'Chemical') :: ['nimesulide']

answer: @entity16539 :: (MESH:C115461,Chemical) :: ['SC-560']


abstract: Objectives:Healthcare delivery now mandates shorter visits with higher documentation requirements, undermining the @entity1 -provider interaction. To improve clinic visit efficiency, we developed a @entity1 -provider portal that systematically collects @entity1 symptoms using a computer algorithm called Automated Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Symptoms (AEGIS). AEGIS also automatically "translates" the @entity1 report into a full narrative @entity221 ( @entity221 ). We aimed to compare the quality of computer-generated vs. physician-documented HPIs.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study with a paired sample design among individuals visiting outpatient adult gastrointestinal (GI) clinics for evaluation of @entity344 . @entity1 first underwent usual care and then subsequently completed AEGIS. Each individual thereby had both a physician-documented and a computer-generated @entity221 . Forty-eight blinded physicians assessed @entity221 quality across six domains using 5-point scales: (i) overall impression, (ii) thoroughness, (iii) usefulness, (iv) organization, (v) succinctness, and (vi) comprehensibility. We compared @entity221 scores within @entity1 using a repeated measures model.Results:Seventy-five @entity1 had both computer-generated and physician-documented HPIs. The mean overall impression score for computer-generated HPIs was higher than physician HPIs (3.68 vs. 2.80; P<0.001), even after adjusting for physician and visit type, location, mode of transcription, and demographics. Computer-generated HPIs were also judged more complete (3.70 vs. 2.73; P<0.001), more useful (3.82 vs. 3.04; P<0.001), better organized (3.66 vs. 2.80; P<0.001), more succinct (3.55 vs. 3.17; P<0.001), and more comprehensible (3.66 vs. 2.97; P<0.001).Conclusions:Computer-generated HPIs were of higher overall quality, better organized, and more succinct, comprehensible, complete, and useful compared with HPIs written by physicians during usual care in GI clinics.Am J Gastroenterol advance online publication, 2 December 2014; doi:10.1038/ajg.2014.356.

title: Computer-Generated Vs. Physician-Documented XXXX ( @entity221 ): Results of a Blinded Comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['HPI', 'history of present illness']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['active GI symptoms']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['History of Present Illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a method to estimate @entity432 , which reflects the stiffness of both the aorta and peripheral artery; it would be applicable to general practice, since its measurementis automated. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether baPWV can be predictors of future cardiovascular events (CVE) in @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the association between baPWV or @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) at baseline and new onset of CVE in 1040 type 2 @entity6 @entity1 without CVE. The predictability of baPWV and/or @entity1004 for identifying @entity1 at high risk for CVE was evaluated by time-dependent receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 7.5  years, 113 had new CVD events. The cumulative incidence rates of CVE were significantly higher in @entity1 with high baPWV values (>= 1550  cm/s) as compared to those with low baPWV values (<1550  cm/s) (p   <   0.001, log-rank test). Similarly, the cumulative incidence rate of CVE was significantly higher in @entity1 with higher maximum @entity1004 (maxIMT) values (>= 1.0  mm) as compared to those with lower maxIMT values (<1.0  mm) (p   <   0.001, log-rank test). Subjects with both "high @entity122 " and "high IMT" had a significantly higher risk of developing CVE as compared to those with either "high @entity122 " or "high IMT," as well as those with neither. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that both baPWV (HR   =   1.30, [95%CI: 1.07-1.57]; p   =   0.009) and maxIMT (HR   =   1.20, [95%CI: 1.01-1.41]; p   =   0.033) were independent predictors for CVE, even after adjustment for the conventional risk factors. Time-dependent ROC curve analyses revealed that the addition of maxIMT to the Framingham risk score resulted in significant increase in AUC (from 0.60 [95%CI: 0.54-0.67] to 0.63 [95%CI: 0.60-0.82]; p   =   0.01). Notably, the addition of baPWV to the Framingham risk score and maxIMT resulted in further and significant (p   =   0.02) increase in AUC (0.72 [95%CI: 0.67-0.78]). CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of baPWV, in addition to @entity1004 and conventional risk factors, improved the ability to identify the @entity6 individuals with high risk for CVE.

title: Clinical utility of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in the prediction of cardiovascular events in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid IMT', 'carotid intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Using metaphase cytogenetics (MC), @entity2008 are found in only a proportion of @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). We hypothesized that with new precise methods more cryptic karyotypic lesions can be uncovered that may show important clinical implications. We have applied 250K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) arrays (SNP-A) to study chromosomal lesions in samples from 174 @entity1 (94 @entity2590 , 33 secondary @entity3052 [sAML], and 47 @entity9713 [ @entity9713 ]) and 76 controls. Using SNP-A, aberrations were found in around three-fourths of @entity2590 , @entity9713 , and sAML (vs 59%, 37%, 53% by MC; in 8% of @entity1 MC was unsuccessful). Previously unrecognized lesions were detected in @entity1 with normal MC and in those with known lesions. Moreover, segmental @entity8882 ( @entity8882 ) was found in 20% of @entity2590 , 23% of sAML, and 35% of @entity9713 @entity1 , a lesion resulting in copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity undetectable by MC. The potential clinical significance of @entity854 by SNP-A, but not seen on MC, was demonstrated by their impact on overall survival. @entity8882 involving chromosomes frequently affected by deletions may have prognostic implications similar to the deletions visible by MC. SNP-A-based karyotyping shows superior resolution for chromosomal defects, including @entity8882 . This technique further complements MC to improve clinical prognosis and targeted therapies.

title: Chromosomal lesions and @entity8882 detected by SNP arrays in @entity2590 , @entity9713 , and XXXX -derived AML.

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity9713 :: ('MESH:D054437', 'Disease') :: ['MDS/MPD', 'myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities detected']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8882 :: ('MESH:D024182', 'Disease') :: ['UPD', 'uniparental disomy']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['MDS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intracranial @entity439 are increasingly treated with endovascular treatment. Based on our observation that cerebral complications are associated with this treatment, we predict that the number of intraprocedural complications will rise as a result of this trend. METHODS: Between January 2007 and December 2013, 1739 @entity1 underwent 1764 detachable coil embolizations to treat @entity438 (637 ruptured and 1127 unruptured). We reviewed their records and images to evaluate the periprocedural complications and related morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: 61 complications occurred during coil embolization and 33 periprocedural complications occurred within 1   week. These complications were observed in 8.6% of @entity1756 procedures (55/637) and in 3.5% of unruptured @entity439 embolization procedures (39/1127). There were 17 (0.96%) cerebral @entity1031 , 34 (1.93%) intraprocedural @entity1756 , 8 (0.45%) coil migrations, 13 (0.74%) postprocedural @entity1756 , and 22 (1.24%) @entity51 or transient @entity51 related to embolization. 63 complications had no neurologic consequences, 3 were associated with transient neurologic morbidity, 15 resulted in persistent neurologic morbidity on discharge, and 12 resulted in @entity204 . The procedure-related neurologic morbidity and mortality rates for all 1764 procedures were 0.85% in @entity1756 and 0.68% in unruptured @entity439 . CONCLUSIONS: The periprocedural complication rate was higher in @entity1756 than in unruptured @entity439 . The main causes of morbidity and mortality were @entity1031 , intraprocedural @entity439 perforations, and postprocedural @entity1756 . While some periprocedural complications are inevitable, we can minimize the occurrence of such complications by advancing our skill and experience, thereby improving @entity1 prognosis.

title: Periprocedural complications associated with endovascular treatment of XXXX in 1764 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolisms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm embolization', 'ruptured aneurysms', 'aneurysm ruptures', 'aneurysmal ruptures']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the action of satellite cells, which are the resident muscle stem cells. These can be isolated from @entity1 muscle biopsy samples using enzymatic digestion and their myogenic properties studied in culture. Quantitatively, the two main adherent cell types obtained from enzymatic digestion are: (i) the satellite cells (termed myogenic cells or muscle precursor cells), identified initially as @entity2940 (+) and later as @entity2940 (+)/desmin(+) cells and (ii) muscle-derived fibroblasts, identified as @entity2940 (-) and TE-7(+). Fibroblasts proliferate very efficiently in culture and in mixed cell populations these cells may overrun myogenic cells to dominate the culture. The isolation and purification of different cell types from @entity1 muscle is thus an important methodological consideration when trying to investigate the innate behavior of either cell type in culture. Here we describe a system of sorting based on the gentle enzymatic digestion of cells using collagenase and dispase followed by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) which gives both a high purity (>95% myogenic cells) and good yield (~2.8 x 10(6)    8.87 x 10(5) cells/g tissue after 7 days in vitro) for experiments in culture. This approach is based on incubating the mixed muscle-derived cell population with magnetic microbeads beads conjugated to an antibody against @entity2940 and then passing cells though a magnetic field. @entity2940 (+) cells bound to microbeads are retained by the field whereas @entity2940 (-) cells pass unimpeded through the column. Cell suspensions from any stage of the sorting process can be plated and cultured. Following a given intervention, cell morphology, and the expression and localization of proteins including nuclear transcription factors can be quantified using immunofluorescent labeling with specific antibodies and an image processing and analysis package.

title: Isolation and Quantitative Immunocytochemical Characterization of Primary Myogenic Cells and Fibroblasts from XXXX Skeletal Muscle.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine serial "Huoxuehuayu" (activating blood flow and removing @entity1503 ) prescriptions on @entity2806 -reperfusion injury in @entity35 . METHODS: Focal @entity2806 was induced by 60 min of @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) and followed by 3 d reperfusion. Drugs were orally administered 1 h before @entity2500 and 4 h after reperfusion and the following 2 d. The neurological scores were evaluated 3 d after reperfusion. Then the animals were sacrificed, the @entity1188 volumes, right and left areas of brain section, the pathologic changes and the normal neurons in hippocampal @entity1249 and cortex were determined by using an image analyzer. @entity842 synthase (NOS), @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activities and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) content in brain tissue were evaluated by spectrophotography. The expression of @entity4474 subunit ( @entity4474 ) and @entity2824 (eNOS) was determined by immunoblotting technique. RESULT: Serial "Huoxuehuayu" prescriptions and @entity3931 improved @entity528 , and reduced @entity1188 size and @entity2657 . Serial Huoxuehuayu prescriptions and @entity3931 reduced @entity1865 content and NOS activity, and increased SOD activity. Western blotting analysis demonstrated induction of @entity4474 . CONCLUSION: Serial Huoxuehuayu prescriptions have a protective effect on @entity2806 -reperfusion injury by reducing NOS activity, @entity1865 content, expression of @entity4474 and increasing SOD activity.

title: [Protective effects and mechanisms of serial TCM "Huoxuehuayu" prescriptions on @entity2806 -reperfusion injury in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood stasis']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identifying those seniors most likely to adopt a healthy diet, the relative importance they place on certain perceived benefits associated with a healthy diet, and whether these perceived benefits are associated with selected demographic, lifestyle, and health history variables is important for directing effective dietary health promotion programs. METHODS: Analyses are based on a cross-sectional convenience sample of 670 seniors aged 50 years and older at the 2002 World Senior Games in St. George, Utah. Data are assessed using frequencies, bivariate analysis, analysis of variance, and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly higher in individuals aged 70-79, in @entity1 , in those not overweight or @entity28 , and in those with excellent overall health. Dietary fiber consumption was significantly higher in former or never smokers, current and previous @entity167 drinkers, in those not overweight or @entity28 , and in those with excellent health. The strongest motivating factors identified for adopting a healthy diet were to improve the quality of life, to increase longevity, and to prevent disease. Of intermediate importance were the need to feel a sense of control and to satisfy likes or dislikes. Least important were the desire to experience a higher level of spirituality, social reasons, and peer acceptance. CONCLUSION: Seniors who have adopted a healthy diet are more likely to have chosen that behavior because of perceived health benefits than for personal and social benefits. Overweight or @entity28 individuals and those in poor health were less likely to be engaged in healthy eating behavior and require special attention by dieticians and public health professionals.

title: Understanding why adult XXXX at the World Senior Games choose a healthy diet.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['participants']


abstract: With 66.5% the total reliability of the transurethral sonography is significantly higher than that of all methods hitherto used. If one restricts oneself to the differentiation between muscle-invasive and superficial @entity189 the share of impacts is even 77.5%. Considering an error of nevertheless 33% and 23%, respectively, in the T-classification of the @entity150 the new method could, however, not fulfil the high expectations which were set into it at the beginning. Particularly a differentiation between mucosa and lamina propria as well as superficial and deep musculature is not possible. According to this the transurethral sonography is not suited as the only method for preoperative T-classification and basis of therapy planning. Difficulties appear above all in large and echo-dense @entity189 , respectively, as well as in pretreated urinary bladders. Consequently, a sufficient experience in the judgment of sonogrammes is necessary, in order to avoid wrong interpretations as to a @entity5 infiltration. Nevertheless, the transurethral sonography is an essential enlargement of the hitherto scanty spectre of the T-classification of the @entity150 . Supplementing the computer tomogram, the method brings the operator a quick survey of a possible infiltration of the wall of the bladder and a perivesical growth of the @entity5 . In deeply infiltrating, not radically resectable @entity189 in many cases an extensive staging-TUR may thus be avoided.

title: [Diagnosis of XXXX by transurethral sonography].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder cancer']


abstract: We investigated alterations in the expression of integrin on @entity632 -resistant MCF-7 ( @entity31413 ) cells, which had been selected from MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells, in order to examine the mechanisms behind the acquisition of @entity5 in @entity0 progression. Expression of the alpha 6 integrin subunit of MCF-7/ @entity31413 cells was stronger than that of MCF-7 cells, whereas expression of alpha 2 integrin subunit of MCF-7/ @entity31413 cells was weaker than that of MCF-7 cells. @entity31413 showed increased binding activity to laminin, but not to collagen or fibronectin, compared to those of parental MCF-7 cells. Adhesion of MCF-7 cells to collagen and laminin was inhibited by the addition of antibody to alpha 2 and alpha 6 integrin subunit, respectively. On the other hand, adhesion of @entity31413 cells to collagen was not inhibited by the addition of antibody to alpha 2, alpha 3 or alpha 6 integrin subunit. Adhesion of @entity31413 cells to laminin was inhibited by not only the antibody to alpha 6 subunit but also the antibody to the alpha 3 subunit. The transmigratory activity of @entity31413 cells was higher than that of MCF-7 cells. A significant inhibitory effect on the transmigration of @entity31413 cells was observed by the addition of antibody to alpha 6 and @entity2393 subunit. @entity31413 cells appeared smaller and flatter than MCF-7 cells, and spread to a greater extent on the culture dish. MCF-7 cells cultured on Matrigel for 24 hours formed clusters. In contrast to this, @entity31413 cells expanded with a tubular-like pattern on Matrigel. The spread of @entity31413 cells was incompletely inhibited by addition of the antibody to alpha 3 integrin subunit, and completely inhibited by addition of the antibody to alpha 6 and @entity2393 subunit. These findings suggest that integrins on @entity31413 cells are altered from those on parental MCF-7 cells in not only expression but also function, and that interaction between @entity5 cells and extracellular matrix protein is involved in augmentation of the invasiveness of @entity31413 cells.

title: Altered expression of integrins in @entity632 -resistant XXXX @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The single dose disposition of @entity503 was studied in five @entity1 with @entity16995 and six normal control @entity1 after an oral dose of 10 mg kg-1 of @entity503 base. Plasma concentrations of @entity503 and its main metabolite were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.). @entity503 was detectable for up to 21 days in all the subjects. @entity503 was detectable in all the subjects within 30 min after giving the drug except in one subject. Peak levels were reached between 0.5 and 8 h in all the subjects (with no significant difference in the tmax between the two groups of @entity1 ). Peak plasma @entity503 concentrations in the @entity1 with @entity16995 varied from 9 ng @entity4654 to 95 ng @entity4654 (mean 40 +/- 34 ng @entity4654 ). Peak @entity503 concentrations in the controls varied between 69 ng @entity4654 and 330 ng @entity4654 (mean 134 +/- 99 ng @entity4654 ). The mean AUC in the @entity16995 @entity1 was significantly lower than the mean AUC in the control @entity1 (P less than 0.001). Peak plasma @entity57157 concentrations in the @entity1 with @entity16995 varied between 3 and 13 ng @entity4654 (mean 6 +/- 9 ng @entity4654 ) while in the controls the concentrations varied between 14 and 170 ng @entity4654 (mean 50 +/- 61 ng @entity4654 ). There was no significant difference in the half-life of @entity503 between the @entity16995 @entity1 and the normal control @entity1 . The possible influence of a different binding and distribution pattern of @entity503 in @entity16995 could not be assessed in this study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Single dose disposition of @entity503 in @entity16995 and normal XXXX --evidence for decreased absorption in @entity16995 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity16995 :: ('MESH:D007732', 'Disease') :: ['kwashiorkor']

entities_list: @entity57157 :: ('MESH:C007278', 'Chemical') :: ['desethylchloroquine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine', 'Chloroquine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is an important cause of mortality in @entity1 with @entity1583 . However, @entity3 appears to be gaining a foothold in the intensive care unit (ICU) in @entity1 without classical risk factors. A recent study described 89 cases of @entity3 in @entity1 in a medical ICU without @entity1778 or @entity5 . The diagnosis of @entity3 remains difficult and is often established too late. @entity8319 (GM) is an exo-antigen released from Aspergillus hyphae while they invade host tissue. OBJECTIVES: This prospective single-center study was conducted to investigate the role of GM in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid as a tool for early diagnosis of @entity3 in the ICU. METHODS: All @entity1 with risk factors identified in our earlier study were evaluated. BAL for culture and GM detection, serum GM levels, and computed tomography scan were obtained for all included @entity1 with signs of @entity55 . @entity1 were classified as having proven, probable, or possible @entity3 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 110 @entity1 out of 1,109 admissions were eligible. There were 26 proven @entity3 cases. Using a cutoff index of 0.5, the sensitivity and specificity of GM detection in BAL fluid was 88 and 87%, respectively. The sensitivity of serum GM was only 42%. In 11 of 26 proven cases, BAL culture and serum GM remained negative, whereas GM in BAL was positive. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is common in immunocompromised, @entity3124 @entity1 . GM detection in BAL fluid seems to be useful in establishing or excluding the diagnosis of @entity3 in the ICU.

title: Galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a tool for diagnosing aspergillosis in intensive care unit XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity8319 :: ('MESH:C012990', 'Chemical') :: ['Galactomannan']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive aspergillosis', 'IA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found several electrophysiological endophenotypes that each co-varies individually with @entity161 . This study extends these investigations to compare and contrast four electrophysiological endophenotype, mismatch negativity, @entity2451 , @entity3493 , and antisaccades, and analyze their covariance on the basis of a single cohort tested with all paradigms. We report a multivariate endophenotype that is maximally associated with diagnosis and evaluate this new endophenotype with respect to its application to genetic analysis. METHODS: Group differences and covariance were analyzed for probands (n = 60), family members (n = 53), and control subjects (n = 44). Associations between individual endophenotypes and diagnostic groups, as well as between the multivariate endophenotype and diagnostic groups, were investigated with logistic regression. RESULTS: Results from all four individual endophenotypes replicated previous findings of deficits in the proband group. The @entity2451 and @entity3493 endophenotypes similarly replicated significant deficits in the family member group, whereas mismatch negativity and antisaccade measures showed a trend. There was minimal correlation between the different endophenotypes. A logistic regression model based on all four features significantly represented the diagnostic grouping (chi(2) = 32.7; p < .001), with 80% accuracy in predicting group membership. CONCLUSIONS: A multivariate endophenotype, based on a weighted combination of electrophysiological features, provides greater diagnostic classification power than any single endophenotype.

title: A multivariate electrophysiological endophenotype, from a unitary cohort, shows greater research utility than any single feature in the Western Australian family study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The influence of varied forces under the heel induced by changes in @entity3358 on adaptations of the @entity1 @entity8546 during running training was investigated. DESIGN: A longitudinal study was conducted over a period of 20 weeks with subjects training for 50 km per week on average. BACKGROUND: The skeletal systems' metabolism acts highly dynamic, governed by mechanical factors. The amount of running training has been shown to increase the bone mineral density in the @entity8546 . Mechanical factors have not been controlled in former investigations. METHODS: Bone quality parameters were determined before and after the training by use of an ultrasound system and quantitative MRI while the mechanics of foot-ground contact were controlled. The total group of 26 subjects was divided into three subgroups based upon different magnitude of forces under the heel inside the shoe. RESULTS: The biomechanical testing demonstrate no relationship between @entity3358 and external or in-shoe impacts. Bone parameters showed specific differences for all groups which are pronounced in runners with intermediate impacts. CONCLUSIONS: The observed variations reflect metabolic changes in bone marrow which appear to be effected by the impact magnitude and cannot be characterised as negative. RELEVANCE: The current data imply that no negative changes of impacts on calcaneal bone were produced by high amounts of training in distance running. The mechanical testing indicates that the potential of modifying calcaneal adaptation directly by varying @entity3358 is limited.

title: Adaptation of the @entity1 XXXX to variations of impact forces during running.

entities_list: @entity8546 :: ('MESH:C566069', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneus']

entities_list: @entity3358 :: ('MESH:D018804', 'Disease') :: ['midsole hardness']

answer: @entity8546 :: (MESH:C566069,Disease) :: ['calcaneus']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine how to predict the optimal maintenance dose of @entity3369 for continuous infusion, knowing the recovery time from the block induced by the first bolus injection. All @entity1 studied were undergoing surgical procedures and were anesthetized using thiopental, @entity3369 , 50% @entity3810 and 2% enflurane in @entity26 . Mechanical twitch responses of adductor pollicis muscle caused by the stimulation of the ulnar nerve supramaximally were monitored. @entity3369 concentrations in the plasma were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. The experiments consisted of two phases. Phase 1.: To demonstrate the relationship between the recovery time (T0-T25) and the maintenance dose. Thirty @entity1 were studied in this phase. A bolus injection was given as the first dose (1.5 mg.kg-1). During the recovery from the first block, recovery time (T1) was measured and the second dose (2 mg) was injected at the T25 (25% control twitch height). After waiting the recovery until the T25, the third dose (2 mg) was injected. The duration (T2) (min) between the second and the third injection was measured. The maintenance dose-recovery time curve was obtained. Y = 52.70.exp (-17.50 X) + 1224.53.exp (-224.27X), X = recovery time (min), Y = maintenance dose (mg.hr-1). Phase 2.: Thirty @entity1 were studied in this phase. @entity1 received infusions after the bolus injection. The infusion rates were obtained from the maintenance dose-recovery time curve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Prediction of the maintenance dose of XXXX for continuous infusion].

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium', 'Vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity3369 :: (MESH:D014673,Chemical) :: ['vecuronium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3457 was a clinical trial of various @entity1 education and counseling interventions to increase physical activity in sedentary primary care populations. It provided the opportunity to measure the effect of increasing physical activity on aortic pulse wave velocity (APWV), a measure of @entity455 , in a relatively healthy middle-aged population. The effects of the interventions, as well as the impact of walking and correlates such as older age and maximal @entity26 uptake (VO2max), on APWV were assessed. METHODS: The @entity1 in this study were a subset of the 874 @entity1 recruited for the @entity3457 . Information about self-reported physical activity and disease status was collected at baseline (464 @entity1 ), 6-month (528 @entity1 ), and 24-month (555 @entity1 ) intervals. Physiological measures included APWV, systolic blood pressure, and other correlates. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, the various treatment arms did not have a significant effect on APWV. However, walking in hours per day was associated with slower APWV times or less stiffness (P = .03). This was significant for @entity1 and consistent but not significant for @entity1 . In addition, age, clinic site, race, systolic blood pressure, and VO2max were independently associated with APWV. CONCLUSIONS: Increased walking frequency over a 24-month period was predictive of reduced @entity455 in @entity3457 . The more significant result for walking frequency in @entity1 than in @entity1 might be caused by the presence of a low Vo2max or physical activity threshold for an effect of walking on APWV, which most @entity1 achieved but most @entity1 had surpassed at the start of the study. Although needing confirmation because this was a secondary analysis, modest physical activity may have a beneficial effect on large vessel structure.

title: Walking may be related to less @entity455 in the XXXX ( @entity3457 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patient', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular stiffness']

answer: @entity3457 :: (OMIM:612348,Disease) :: ['Activity Counseling Trial']