abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity927 in the treatment of @entity1866 . DESIGN: Systematic review. POPULATION: @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1866 treated with @entity927 . METHODS: Electronic searches were conducted in literature databases up to February 2011 by two independent reviewers. We included all trials involving the efficacy of @entity927 for the treatment of heavy uterine @entity548 . Pregnant, postmenopausal and @entity5 @entity1 were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect of @entity927 treatment on objective reduction of @entity548 and improvement in @entity1 quality of life. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies met our inclusion criteria. Available evidence indicates that @entity927 therapy in @entity1 with idiopathic @entity931 resulted in 34-54% reduction in menstrual @entity190 . Following @entity927 treatment, @entity1 's quality-of-life parameters improved by 46-83%, compared with 15-45% for @entity8098 treatment. When compared with placebo, @entity927 use significantly decreased the @entity190 by 70% in @entity1 with @entity931 secondary to an intrauterine device (p<0.001). Limited evidence indicated potential benefit in fibroid @entity1 with @entity931 . No @entity1031 event was reported in all studies analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Available evidence indicates that @entity927 treatment is effective and safe, and could potentially improve quality of life of @entity1 presenting with @entity1866 . Data on the therapeutic efficacy of @entity927 in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity2909 are limited, and further studies are therefore needed.

title: Efficacy of @entity927 in the treatment of XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8098 :: ('MESH:D009640', 'Chemical') :: ['norethisterone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

answer: @entity1866 :: (MESH:D008599,Disease) :: ['idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding']


abstract: To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis of benign functioning @entity822 causing @entity699 , we employed suppression PCR-based cDNA subtractive hybridization to identify novel genes that are differentially expressed in the @entity652 . In this report we describe the @entity652 -specific overexpression of the @entity1 homolog of the Diminuto/Dwarf1 (hDiminuto) gene. Northern blot analysis revealed that hDiminuto mRNA was overexpressed in the @entity652 tissue of 14 @entity1 with @entity699 in comparison to the adjacent nontumorous adrenal gland. In situ hybridization using hDiminuto cRNA probe showed its abundant expression in the @entity5 cells, whereas the nontumorous cells showed a low level of expression. As the @entity3202 adjacent gland may not represent the normal architecture, we examined the expression pattern of hDiminuto mRNA in normal @entity1 adrenal cortex. In situ hybridization revealed that it was expressed in all layers of the normal adrenal cortex. In situ apoptosis detection by the TUNEL method revealed that a low level of hDiminuto expression in the @entity3202 , adjacent gland was associated with numerous TUNEL-positive cells in all layers of cortex. In contrast almost no apoptotic cell was detected in the @entity5 or in the normal adrenal cortex where hDiminuto expression was abundant. These results are compatible with a recent report that hDiminuto acts as an antiapoptotic factor in neurons. The expression of hDiminuto in the normal adrenal cortex was most abundant in the @entity4091 , suggesting its possible regulation by ACTH/ @entity268 . Indeed, @entity1928 treatment of H295R @entity1 adrenocortical cells resulted in a significant induction of the mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. To further demonstrate the physiological regulation, an in vivo experiment was carried out in @entity619 -treated @entity35 . ACTH administration to these @entity35 increased the mRNA expression. These results led us to speculate that the overexpression of hDiminuto in the @entity652 could be due to the abundant expression of @entity4787 , as we previously described. Diminuto is involved in @entity134 synthesis and cell elongation in plants. We, therefore, hypothesize that hDiminuto might be involved in the molecular events of adrenocortical tumorigenesis by facilitating steroid synthesis and cell growth.

title: The @entity1 homolog of Diminuto/Dwarf1 gene (hDiminuto): a novel ACTH-responsive gene overexpressed in benign cortisol-producing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['zona fasciculata']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity822 :: (MESH:D018246,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical adenomas']


abstract: A striking common feature of many @entity792 in @entity1 and experimental animals, despite differences in pathology, is that females are highly susceptible to autoimmune conditions compared to males. In several animal models, @entity172 promote, whereas @entity3800 abrogate, B-cell-mediated @entity792 . To understand mechanisms by which @entity172 regulate @entity792 , it is first necessary to decipher @entity172 effects on the normal immune system. @entity172 treatment of nonautoimmune @entity19 diminished lymphocyte numbers in both developmental and mature lymphoid organs. @entity172 dysregulated T- and B-cell balance by inducing selective T-cell hypoactivity and B-cell @entity2915 . Even though @entity172 did not alter the relative percentages of splenic T-cell subsets, splenic lymphocytes had a reduced proliferative response to T-cell stimulants and were refractory to rescue from activation-induced apoptosis compared to cells from placebo-treated @entity19 . In contrast, @entity172 induced B-cell @entity2915 (promoted autoantibodies to double-stranded DNA and phospholipids, increased numbers of plasma cells, and increased autoantibody yield per B cell). Note that treatment of normal @entity19 with @entity172 can alter T- and B-cell regulation and overcome B-cell tolerance to result in @entity792 in normal individuals. Could environmental @entity172 promote some @entity1 @entity792 ? Is there a link between environmental @entity172 and @entity792 , especially since these disorders are reported possibly more frequently? These provocative questions warrant investigation. Our findings on immunomodulatory effects may serve as a benchmark to examine whether endocrine-disrupting chemicals will have similar immunologic effects.

title: Gender and risk of XXXX : possible role of estrogenic compounds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: Between January 1972 and February 1988 139 admissions (136 @entity1 ) for @entity4436 were registered. Treatment remained conservative in 47 cases. 23 cases underwent elective surgery. In 69 @entity1 emergency-laparotomy had to be done. In 41 cases (3 deaths) the abdomen was washed out and drained, followed by a proximal colostomy. In 23 of these @entity1 a free perforation had to be oversewn. 6 @entity1 were treated by Hartmann resection (1 death). Primary resection, @entity254 and proximal colostomy were performed in 15 cases. 3 @entity1 underwent exterritorization and resection. 4 @entity1 with @entity694 were initially treated by colostomy alone. There were 2 late deaths both from @entity1151 . Of the 63 @entity1 who had a colostomy constructed 4 (6.3%) never had the stoma closed. There were 2 persistent stomas in the 41 @entity1 who had a preliminary colostomy alone (4.9%) and the incidence of persistent stoma in 5 @entity1 who had a Hartmann resection was 40% (2 cases). -The three-stage resection makes good results, provided that a free perforation is solidly oversewn to prevent further fecal contamination. Primary resection with @entity254 and proximal colostomy, which is more and more used in suitable cases, considerably shortens duration of treatment. Hartmann resection remains second choice because of the known high incidence of persistent stoma. It is submitted to surgeon's experience to choose at any situation the best procedure regarding age and general state, local findings and extent of @entity298 . With this tactic hospital lethality of emergency operation was 4 of 69 @entity1 (5.8%), overall lethality 6 (8.7%). Intestinal continuity was restored in 94% of surviving @entity1 .

title: [Surgical tactics in complicated sigmoid XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic ileus']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: Pertussis causes nearly 300,000 @entity204 in @entity1 every year. Most @entity204 take place in developing countries, but the infection remains a priority everywhere. Pertussis vaccination protects @entity1 and @entity1 against @entity204 and admission to hospital, but breakthrough disease in vaccinated @entity1 can happen. In high-mortality countries, the challenge is to improve timeliness and coverage of childhood vaccination and surveillance. In regions with low mortality and highest coverage, @entity5695 is frequently the least well-controlled disease in childhood vaccination programmes. Some countries have reported a rise in @entity5695 in adolescents, adults, and pre-vaccination @entity1 , but how much these changes are real or a result of improved recognition and surveillance remains uncertain. In response, several countries have introduced adolescent and adult acellular @entity5695 vaccine boosters. The effect so far is unknown; assessment is impeded by poor data. Uncertainties still persist about key variables needed to model and design vaccination programmes, such as risk of transmission from adults and adolescents to @entity1 . New vaccination strategies under investigation include vaccination of neonates, family members, and pregnant @entity1 .

title: Recent developments in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis']

answer: @entity5695 :: (MESH:D014917,Disease) :: ['pertussis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of older @entity1 with @entity5 live alone but there is little research on how well health services meet their needs. The aim of this study was to compare the experiences and future preferences for care between two groups of older @entity1 with @entity5 in their last year of life; those who live alone, and those who live with co-resident carers. METHODS: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 32 @entity1 aged between 70 and 95 years who were living with @entity5 . They were recruited from general practices and hospice day care, when the responsible health professional answered no to the question, of whether they would be surprised if the @entity1 died within twelve months. Twenty @entity1 lived alone. Interviews were recorded and transcribed and the data analysed using a Framework approach, focussing on the differences and commonalities between the two groups. RESULTS: Many experiences were common to all @entity1 , but had broader consequences for @entity1 who lived alone. Five themes are presented from the data: a perception that it is a disadvantage to live alone as a @entity1 , the importance of relational continuity with health professionals, informal appraisal of care, place of care and future plans. @entity1 who lived alone perceived emotional and practical barriers to accessing care, and many shared an @entity148 that they would have to move into a care home. @entity1 were concerned with remaining life, and all who lived alone had made plans for @entity204 but not for dying. Uncertainty of timescales and a desire to wait until they knew that @entity204 was imminent were some of the reasons given for not planning for future care needs. CONCLUSIONS: Older @entity1 who live alone with @entity5 have emotional and practical concerns that are overlooked by their professional carers. Discussion and planning for the future, along with continuity in primary care may hold the key to enhancing end-of-life care for this group of @entity1 .

title: What is different about living alone with XXXX in older age? A qualitative study of experiences and preferences for care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 is a rare subtype of @entity1149 , which has @entity146 . We present information on the clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcomes of these @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2012, the clinicopathologic data from 93 @entity1 treated at 2 French @entity5 centers were retrospectively analyzed. A pathologic review was performed of all @entity5 . RESULTS: The @entity1 were commonly male (77%), with a median age of 63 years and a history of smoking (84%). Most had symptoms, and about 70% presented with locally advanced or metastatic disease at diagnosis. Of the 93 cases, 41 were diagnosed by surgical resection. @entity189 was the most common subtype (64%). With a median follow-up period of 30.7 months, the median survival of the @entity1 who had undergone surgery was 16.4 months. Recurrence with distant metastases was common. Univariate analyses showed that @entity1442 (pathologic stage > III) conferred a worse prognosis for recurrence-free and overall survival (P  = .0024 and P  < .0001, respectively). Twenty-eight @entity1 received first-line chemotherapy for @entity1442 . The progression rate was 72% at the first evaluation. The median time to progression and the median overall survival were poor (2.7 and 4.3 months, respectively). On univariate analysis, a @entity902 -based combination had significant influence on overall survival compared with monotherapy (P  < .0001). CONCLUSION: @entity189 is associated with a poor prognosis. Surgical treatment should be carefully considered in the early stages. The high resistance to chemotherapy emphasizes the need to test for new strategies through collaborative programs dedicated to this population.

title: Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of XXXX of the Lung.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcomatoid carcinoma', 'Pleomorphic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Sarcomatoid Carcinoma']


abstract: The relationship between the concentration of a drug and its pharmacologic effect is of central interest in pharmacodynamics. Various compartmental and noncompartmental methods have been proposed for elucidating this relationship when the plasma drug concentration and effects are both measured. Although the relationship between drug input and the pharmacologic effect is equally useful, it has not received as much attention. A system analysis hysteresis minimization pharmacodynamic method was developed to describe the central nervous system effects of @entity680 in @entity95 . The @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) was used as the effect measure and the infusion rate as the pharmacokinetic variable. The sigmoid Emax and cubic polynomial representations of the transduction relationship were investigated in modeling the collapsed hysteresis loop. The results indicated that @entity680 has a relatively rapid biophase equilibration time (t50 = 6 min). Both the sigmoid Emax and cubic polynomial transduction relationships were equally effective in describing the observed effect data and gave similar predictions. The proposed approach has the advantage of not assuming a specific compartmental structure for the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic link. A particular advantage of the method is that no functional relationship is assumed a priori for the transduction relationship, and errors in both regression variables are considered in the optimization. The system analysis pharmacodynamic approach assumes linear disposition pharmacokinetics, an instantaneous and time-invariant transduction, and that inductive effects like tolerance or sensitization do not develop significantly in the time frame studied.

title: Application of a variable direction hysteresis minimization approach in describing the central nervous system pharmacodynamic effects of @entity680 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['spectral edge frequency', 'SEF']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The prevalence of all forms of scrotal and testicular @entity730 and their association with @entity5 in a symptomatic paediatric and adult population was investigated. A retrospective study of all testicular ultrasound examinations performed at a single centre over a 5-year period was undertaken. All studies were performed by experienced operators, recorded in a standard method, using high-frequency linear array transducers (> or =10 MHz). All available images (95.2%) were reviewed by experienced operators, recording the location and type of scrotal and testicular @entity730 according to a pre-determined schedule. A total of 3,854 studies were reviewed on 3,477 @entity1 (age range: 1 month to 91 years). In the adult group, 3,279 examinations were analysed. Prevalence of @entity31316 ( @entity31316 ) was 2.0%, and the prevalence of other non-microlithiasis testicular @entity730 (non- @entity31316 @entity730 ) was 1.7%. @entity5 was associated with @entity31316 (odds ratio 9.5, P<0.001) and non- @entity31316 @entity730 (odds ratio 11.4, P<0.001) but not with other types of @entity730 . A total of 198 paediatric examinations were analysed. Prevalence of @entity31316 was 2.0% and the prevalence of non- @entity31316 @entity730 was 0.5%. One @entity5 ( @entity706 ) was identified, with no associated @entity730 . This study confirms the reported association between @entity31316 and @entity5 and finds a previously unreported association between non- @entity31316 @entity730 and @entity5 .

title: @entity730 and microlithiasis: association with primary intra-testicular malignancy in 3,477 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumour', 'Testicular tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal calcification', 'calcification']

entities_list: @entity31316 :: ('MESH:C566478', 'Disease') :: ['TM', 'testicular microlithiasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1980 has two forms of arginase. The physiological role of multiple arginases is not understood. The two forms were shown to be differentially expressed from a single locus (aga) and both proteins are localized to the cytoplasm. The 36-kDa protein was expressed in minimal and @entity369 supplemented medium, whereas the 41-kDa form was detected only in the presence of @entity369 . In this study we examined developmental expression of the two arginase transcripts and proteins in conidia and during conidial germination. Two novel observations are revealed, storage of both arginase proteins in conidia and temporal expression of aga transcripts during early germination. To better understand the role of arginase in conidia and the nature of the temporal expression, we examined the effects of related metabolites, @entity369 , @entity7222 , @entity1521 , @entity2227 and @entity1160 on protein storage and temporal expression. These metabolites were used as supplements or sole @entity1568 sources. Storage of arginase protein was detected in all conidial samples examined except when @entity2227 was used as the @entity1568 source. The aga temporal RNA expression early in germination was abolished when @entity369 related metabolites were used as @entity1568 sources. The exception to this result is observed with @entity2227 where temporal expression was seen when @entity2227 was the sole @entity1568 source and abolished with @entity2227 supplementation. The temporal expression result supports a unique role for arginase in @entity2227 accumulation early in germination whereas the protein storage result supports the existence of a novel pathway utilizing arginase for @entity2227 synthesis in asexual spore development.

title: Developmental expression of two forms of arginase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1980 :: (5141,Species) :: ['Neurospora crassa']


abstract: @entity39 is a rare severe soft tissue infection that has historically been associated with high mortality. We sought to evaluate our experience with @entity39 focusing on outcomes based on timing of operative intervention. Our study hypothesis was that delays in surgical management would negatively impact outcomes. Fifty-four @entity1 were identified for a retrospective chart review from January 2008 to January 2011. Data analysis included demographics, admission laboratory values, imaging results, examination findings, timing and nature of operations, length of stay (LOS), and outcomes. Surgical intervention in 12 hours or more was considered a delay in care. Our study cohort was high risk based on a high prevalence of intravenous @entity734 , @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity3851 . The average time to surgical intervention was 18  25 hours and the overall mortality rate was 16 per cent. A delay to surgery did not impact mortality or the number of d  bridements and LOS. Mortality was high, 45 per cent, in @entity1 requiring amputation. We observed a high-risk population managed with aggressive surgical care for @entity39 . Our mortality was low compared with historical data and surgical delays did not impact outcomes. Those @entity1 requiring amputation had worse outcomes.

title: A 3-year experience with XXXX : favorable outcomes despite operative delays in a busy acute care hospital.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing fasciitis', 'Necrotizing fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotizing fasciitis']


abstract: A total of 24 @entity1 with advanced @entity14 were entered into a phase I-II study of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity900 , 21 of whom had previously received @entity1487 . The starting dose of @entity900 was 20 mg/m2 diluted in 1000 cc normal saline, given over 20 h daily for 5 days, together with 600 mg/m2 @entity1487 diluted in 1000 cc fluid, given simultaneously over 20 h daily for 5 days. This regiment was given every 4 weeks. The dose-limiting @entity137 was renal and cumulative. All 24 @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 . Of 12 @entity1 on the above-mentioned starting dose, 8 underwent a @entity900 dose reduction to 15 mg/m2 due to a progressive decrease in @entity1011 clearance following the second or third course of treatment. Of 12 @entity1 who started @entity900 at 15 mg/m2 and @entity1487 at 600 mg/m2, 11 were maintained at this dose. A WBC nadir count of less than 2000/mm3 was seen in four @entity1 . @entity882 occurred in three @entity1 who received 15 mg/m2 @entity900 and 600 mg/m2 @entity1487 . In all, 21 of the 24 @entity1 had objectively measurable disease and were also evaluable for response as follows: 1 complete response, 2 partial responses, 1 case of stable disease, and 17 @entity1 with progressive disease.

title: Combination chemotherapy of XXXX and @entity1487 for advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether a strategy of immediate surgery was noninferior to a strategy based on discordant urodynamic findings followed by individually tailored therapy in @entity1 with @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ). METHODS: A multicenter diagnostic cohort study with an embedded noninferiority randomized controlled trial was conducted in six academic and 24 nonacademic Dutch hospitals. @entity1 with predominant @entity3142 eligible for surgical treatment based on clinical assessment were included between January 2009 and November 2010. All @entity1 underwent urodynamics. In @entity1 in whom urodynamics were discordant with clinical assessment, @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive either immediate surgery or individually tailored therapy based on urodynamics. The primary outcome was clinical improvement assessed by the Urogenital Distress Inventory 12 months after baseline. Analysis was by intention to treat; a difference in mean improvement of 5 points or less was considered noninferior. RESULTS: Five hundred seventy-eight @entity1 with @entity3142 were studied, of whom 268 (46%) had discordant findings. One hundred twenty-six @entity1 gave informed consent for randomization and were allocated to receive immediate surgery (n=64) or individually tailored therapy (n=62). The mean improvement measured with the Urogenital Distress Inventory after 1 year was 44 points (  24) in the group receiving immediate surgery and 39 (  25) points in the group receiving individually tailored treatment. The difference in mean improvement was 5 points in favor of the group receiving immediate surgery (95% confidence interval -    to 5). There were no differences with respect to cure or complication rate. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity3142 , an immediate midurethral sling operation is not inferior to individually tailored treatment based on urodynamic findings. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00814749. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.

title: Value of urodynamics before XXXX surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress urinary incontinence', 'SUI']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['stress urinary incontinence']


abstract: Two open clinical studies were done to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of @entity45951 . These studies were carried out on an overall sampling of 81 somatic @entity1 suffering from @entity74 and symptoms of @entity148 , according to DSMIII criteria. The sampling was made up of 40 @entity1 referred for general psychiatric consultation in the Ram  n y Cajal Hospital (from any other medical or surgical department) and 41 cardiologic @entity1 (both in- and out- @entity1 ). The mean age of the @entity1 referred for general consultation was 40.0, and the mean age of the cardiologic @entity1 was 55.5 years. The posologic standard was 20-120 mg/day, in a single dose or divided into several doses. The following clinical evaluation criteria were applied: Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HS), Physician Evaluation of Improvement (PhEI) and @entity1 Evaluation of Improvement (PaEI). To determine the safety of the medication, a modified Dotes Secondary Effects Scale was used. At the beginning of the study all the @entity1 had scores of less than or equal to 18 on the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) and greater than or equal to 14 on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. From the first week on till the end of treatment, a statistically significant improvement was observed, based on the scores of the different evaluation scales. @entity45951 was found to improve the @entity148 in 95.0% of the cardiologic @entity1 and 92.5% of the general consultation group. All of the cardiologic @entity1 and 87.5% of the general consultation ones completed the minimum study period (4 weeks) satisfactorily. The only undesirable effects observed were minor and short-lived, and it was not necessary to discontinue treatment in any of the cases. No changes were observed in the clinical significance of the analytic parameters monitored. The results of this study indicate that @entity45951 is a fast, safe, effective and easy-to-use drug for treating @entity148 .

title: [Open clinical study of the efficacy and safety of XXXX in @entity148 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety condition', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity45951 :: ('MESH:C010175', 'Chemical') :: ['Halazepam']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['adaptive disorders']

answer: @entity45951 :: (MESH:C010175,Chemical) :: ['Halazepam']


abstract: @entity691 wear debri has been implicated as a major cause of @entity1349 following total hip replacement. The purpose of this study is to classify @entity1 activity levels following total hip replacement and determine if it has an effect on radiographic wear of the socket. 97 @entity1 (115 hips) with @entity571 who underwent Charnley low-friction arthroplasty with a minimum of 10 year follow-up were selected. Nine @entity1 had died. Eighty-eight questionnaires were sent of which 59 replied. However, only 40 @entity1 (45 hips) with a complete set of x-rays were finally studied. Activity levels were classified according to post-operative occupation and activities into 'active' and 'less active' groups. Radiographic wear was measured by studying the post-operative and the 10-year review radiograph. There was a significant difference in acetabular wear between the active and the less active group (p = 0.024). No correlation was found between weight and acetabular wear (p = 0.475) or between age and acetabular wear (p = 0.278). It was concluded, therefore, that surgeons who advise their @entity1 to avoid heavy or high intensity activities for prolonged periods, after Charnley low-friction arthroplasty, are justified in this approach.

title: Effect of activity levels on XXXX wear in Charnley low-friction arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine, in preclinical in vivo animal and in clinical studies, whether @entity441 (a selective @entity2931 -receptor (ER) modulator that targets @entity1783 and induces apoptosis in vitro in @entity342 -independent @entity263 , AIPC cells) affects prostate cell differentiation, proliferation and @entity105 , and in the pilot phase II clinical trial, the response rate and duration of @entity1 with AIPC treated with a daily oral dose of @entity441 . @entity1 , MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumour proliferation rate in response to @entity441 treatment, and molecular markers of cell cycle and apoptosis, were evaluated in established @entity1783 -positive @entity342 -dependent (AD) CWR22 and AI CWRSA9 @entity1 xenograft @entity263 models. Twenty-one @entity1 with AIPC and evidence of disease progression were enrolled into the clinical trial and given daily oral @entity441 . RESULTS: There was significant growth inhibition by @entity441 in the ADPC and AIPC xenograft models (CWR22 68%, P < 0.010; CWRSA9 64%, P < 0.001), with no @entity5 regression. There was evidence of G1 arrest by increased @entity13525 expression in the @entity441 -treated group. Eighteen @entity1 comprised the efficacy analysis, as three withdrew before the first evaluation. At the first evaluation, five @entity1 had stable disease and continued on the study for a median of five cycles. The longest response was 17 cycles. Drug related @entity137 was minimal. CONCLUSION: @entity441 has activity in xenograft models, slowing disease progression. This translated to possible disease stabilization in @entity1 with AIPC. Further studies are warranted.

title: @entity441 , an XXXX -receptor-beta-targeted therapy, inhibits @entity342 -independent @entity263 growth: results from preclinical studies and a pilot phase II clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene', 'Raloxifene']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: Defibrillation of @entity1 with primary @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) results in a variety of rhythm changes. We analysed these changes in rhythm in 200 @entity1 , using the American Heart Association's recommendation of two defibrillations prior to drug therapy. Sixty-three (31.5%) @entity1 were immediate survivors with 38 (19%) being discharged from hospital alive. There was no difference between the age of immediate survivors (66.5 years, S.D. = 11.2) and non-survivors (68.3 years, S.D. = 13.7, P = 0.37). Immediate survivors were significantly more likely to be discharged alive from hospital if they were younger (70.0 years, S.D. 8.5 vs. 62.1 years, S.D. 15.8, P = 0.014). Increasing delays to the initiation of basic life support (CPR) and to defibrillation were associated with significantly less likelihood of cardioversion to sinus rhythm (P < 0.005 and P < 0.002, respectively). Those @entity1 who stayed in @entity2224 were not more likely to be defibrillated into @entity1167 or electro-mechanical dissociation. Seventeen percent (34) of @entity1 were @entity11705 after the first defibrillation and 14% (19) after the second, with similar hospital discharge rates (62% and 58%, respectively). Sixty percent (32) of @entity1 in sinus rhythm, after two defibrillations, were discharged alive, compared to only 4% (6) of those @entity1 not in sinus rhythm after two defibrillations. Our data provide new information on rhythm changes during resuscitation and supports the need for the earliest possible initiation of basic life support and defibrillation to improve survival from @entity1167 due to @entity2224 .

title: Rhythm changes during resuscitation from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11705 :: ('MESH:C563907', 'Disease') :: ['defibrillated to sinus rhythm']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystole']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: Sixteen heavily pretreated @entity1 (pts) (4 surgery + chemotherapie + radiotherapy; 4 chemotherapy + radiotherapy: 6 surgery + radiotherapy; 2 chemotherapy) and one previously untreated @entity1 , who refused surgery and or radiotherapy, all with progressive disease, with advanced @entity957 of the @entity135 were included in a phase II study with @entity7765 60 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 every 3-4 weeks (CT). All pts received at least one course of CT. 15 pts were evaluable for response, all 17 pts were evaluable for @entity137 . Female (male ratio 1/16; mean age 56 (42-68) yrs, mean performance status 70% (50-70). Seventeen pts received a mean of 3 (1-8) courses, 2 pts had received only one course of CT. Response and @entity137 were assessed according to WHO classification. Results after 1-8 courses of CT: 1 (7%) complete remission; 1 (7%) partial remission; 9 (60%) no change; 4 (26%) progressive disease. No @entity137 of grade IV was observed. Mean duration of remission 16 weeks. Median survival time 7 (1-10) months. 9 pts died and 8 pts are alive; six of them had progressive disease.

title: [Phase II study with XXXX in pretreated progressive @entity135 ].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7765 :: ('MESH:C027260', 'Chemical') :: ['pirarubicin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity7765 :: (MESH:C027260,Chemical) :: ['pirarubicin']


abstract: @entity3472 is a rare @entity260 , usually occurring after pancreatic surgery. Majority of them heal spontaneously, some @entity1 require @entity1943 / @entity2390 treatment. The authors have presented 11 @entity1 with postoperative @entity3472 , in whom @entity2390 therapy in dose of 0.1 mg t.i.d./10 days has been ineffective. The causes of @entity3472 have been as follows: necrosectomy of the @entity39 @entity1 , distal pancreatic resection--2 @entity1 , @entity9608 enucleation--2 @entity1 , gastrectomy with partial pancreatectomy--2 @entity1 . In 9 @entity1 endoscopic stenting of the main pancreatic duct has been performed. In remained 2 @entity1 after Roux-en-Y gastrectomy the endoscopic access to @entity21151 has been impossible and the @entity1 have received one intramuscular injection of long acting @entity1943 analogue. In 8 of 9 @entity1 with pancreatic stenting and in two @entity1 after gastrectomy the @entity292 has been closed within the period of 6-17 days. In one @entity1 after the necrosectomy the prosthesis implacement has been ineffective. This @entity1 has been successfully treated with two additional injections of long acting @entity1943 analogue (one injection/14 days). Authors have concluded that endoscopic pancreatic stenting has been an effective method of treatment of the postoperative @entity3472 , resistant to @entity2390 therapy. In some cases, additional administration of long acting @entity1943 analogue has been necessary.

title: [Management of postoperative XXXX resistant to @entity2390 therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['infected pancreatic necrosis--5']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic fistula', 'pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity21151 :: ('MESH:C536534', 'Disease') :: ['Vater papilla']

answer: @entity3472 :: (MESH:D010185,Disease) :: ['pancreatic fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue is critical for systemic metabolic health. Identifying key factors regulating adipose tissue function is a research priority. The NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors (NRs) ( @entity5282 / @entity5282 , @entity18203 / @entity18203 and @entity40803 / @entity40803 ) has emerged as important proteins in different disease states and in the regulation of metabolic tissues, particularly in liver and muscle. However, the expression of the NR4A members in @entity1 adipose tissue has not previously been described, and their target genes are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the NR4As are differentially expressed in @entity1 adipose tissue in @entity28 , and identify potential NR4A target genes. DESIGN: Prospective analysis of s.c. adipose tissue before and 1 year after fat loss, and during in vitro differentiation of primary @entity1 preadipocytes. Case-control comparison of omental (OM) adipose tissue. SUBJECTS: A total of 13 extremely @entity28 @entity1 undergoing biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch for fat loss, 12 extremely @entity28 @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and 37 lean individuals undergoing @entity547 repair or laparotomy were included in the study. Measurements were done by quantitative PCR gene expression analysis of the NR4A members and in silico promoter analysis based on microarray data. RESULTS: There was a strong upregulation of the @entity16210 As in extreme @entity28 and normalization after fat loss. The NR4As were expressed at the highest level in stromal-vascular fraction compared with adipocytes, but were downregulated in both fractions after fat loss. Their expression levels were also significantly higher in OM compared with s.c. adipocytes in @entity28 . The NR4As were downregulated during differentiation of primary @entity1 preadipocytes. Moreover, the @entity16210 As were strongly induced within 30   min of tissue incubation. Finally, promoter analysis revealed potential NR4A target genes involved in stress response, immune response, development and other functions. Our data show altered adipose tissue expression of the @entity16210 As in @entity28 , suggesting that these stress responsive nuclear receptors may modulate pathogenic potential in @entity1 .

title: The nuclear receptors @entity5282 , @entity18203 and @entity40803 in XXXX and during fat loss.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: One limitation of DNA-based molecular assays is their inability to distinguish between live and dead cells. A sample treatment with @entity15777 ( @entity4515 ) before DNA amplification has been proposed to overcome this problem. The aim of this in  vitro study was to test different concentrations of @entity4515 coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the detection of viable @entity797 . METHODS: Viable or heat-killed suspensions of @entity797 (10    colony-forming units/mL) were treated with @entity4515 at 10, 50, and 100   g/mL before DNA extraction. qPCR was performed using primers complementary for @entity797 16S ribosomal RNA sequence. @entity4515 was also tested on bacteria suspensions containing different proportions of viable and dead cells. Bacterial suspensions without @entity4515 treatment were used as positive controls. RESULTS: The treatment of heat-killed suspensions with @entity4515 at different concentrations significantly reduced the DNA amplification when compared with the group without treatment (P  <  .0001), indicating that DNA from dead cells was not used as templates. The greatest reduction in qPCR amplification of dead cell DNA was found when 100   g/mL @entity4515 was used (P  <  .005). In mixtures containing live/dead cells, @entity4515 allowed selective detection of viable cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4515 was effective in inhibiting qPCR amplification from the DNA of dead cells, enabling in  vitro detection and quantification of viable cells of @entity797 .

title: Evaluation of the @entity15777 -quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Method  for the Detection of Viable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15777 :: ('MESH:C533957', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium monoazide']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgery plays an important role in achieving @entity5 control and cure for primary and @entity3 of the spine. As has been established with regard to @entity242 at extraspinal sites, these goals may best be achieved by en bloc resection with negative histological margins. Unfortunately, @entity242 of the spine often present with @entity5 patterns that are amenable only to intralesional resection, if neurological preservation is a priority. This study is a retrospective analysis of the long-term outcomes of @entity1 who had operations for @entity242 of the spine using modern surgical approaches, intralesional resections, and spinal instrumentation. METHODS: Between 1985 and 1997, 59 @entity1 had spinal operations for @entity242 involving the extrasacral spine. Data regarding @entity5 histology, grade, surgical indications, patterns of @entity5 involvement, and neurological and functional outcomes were reviewed at presentation and at @entity5 recurrence. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 underwent a single operation, and 24 @entity1 required reoperation for locally recurrent @entity5 . At presentation, only nine @entity1 (15%) had @entity5 that were amenable to marginal or wide resections. Functional outcomes after initial spinal surgery and after operations performed at first @entity5 recurrence showed that 95% of @entity1 had maintained or regained ambulation. Intradural extension of @entity5 was seen in 5 of 12 @entity1 who had three or more operations for locally recurrent disease. The median survival from first spine operation was 18 months, and the median event-free interval between the first and second spine operations was 13 months. CONCLUSION: Surgery for @entity242 of the spine is useful for maintaining or improving neurological and functional outcomes, but @entity5 recurrences are common. Because of the anatomy of the @entity5 at presentation and concern for neurological preservation, few @entity1 are candidates for marginal or wide resections.

title: Intralesional resection of primary and metastatic XXXX involving the spine: outcome analysis of 59 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spinal tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: @entity8880 is a rare and @entity703 . Only few cases have been reported in Moroccan populations. In the present study, we report our experiences in the diagnosis, management and follow-up of this disease. We report on six cases of @entity8880 indentified between 1990 and 2008 in the urology department of "CHU Ibn Sina" in Rabat. These six cases are listed among 130 @entity703 reported during the study period. We assess the clinical, radiological and therapeutic features of the @entity1 and we review literature. Six cases of @entity8880 , representing 4.6% of all primitive @entity703 treated in our institution during the study period. The mean age was 53   9.7 years (range 34 to 61 years). One @entity1 was asymptomatic at presentation, five @entity1 (83%) had @entity812 and two (33%) had macroscopic @entity811 . The @entity5 was right sided in 4 cases (66%) and left sided in 2 cases (33%). All @entity1 underwent CT scan which showed, in three cases, a centrally located stellate area of low attenuation. The clinical suspicion of @entity1637 was made preoperatively in only 3 @entity1 by imaging studies, but the suspicion of @entity1358 persist and all @entity1 were treated with radical nephrectomy. Definitive diagnosis was made in all cases postoperatively. All the @entity5 were well circumscribed but unencapsulated. The mean @entity5 size was 8,75  2,04 cm. Four @entity1 were classified at stage pT2 and two at stage p T1. Most of the pathological features in our @entity1 were typical of this entity. Predominant cell type was a typical @entity1637 with general low mitotic activity. No extension to peri-nephric fat tissue or lymphovascular invasion was observed. After a mean follow-up of 36 months (range 26-62 months), there was neither recurrence nor @entity204 from @entity1637 . Accordingly, the disease-specific survival was 100%. @entity8880 has a benign clinical course with excellent long-term outcomes. In our series, it happened mostly in females and is more frequently symptomatic. Although radical nephrectomy is the usual treatment, a conservative approach should be considered whenever there are signs of clinical and radiological presumptions.

title: XXXX : experience of Clinical Urology A, Urology Department, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco and literature review.

entities_list: @entity8880 :: ('MESH:C537750', 'Disease') :: ['Renal oncocytoma', 'renal oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['benign renal tumor', 'kidney tumors']

answer: @entity8880 :: (MESH:C537750,Disease) :: ['Renal oncocytoma']


abstract: This in vitro study evaluated the preventive potential of experimental pastes containing 10% and 20% @entity692 nanoparticles (Nano-HAP), with or without @entity1388 , on @entity3760 . @entity291 enamel (n=15) and root dentin (n=15) specimens were divided into 9 groups according to their surface hardness: control (without treatment), 20 Nanop paste (20% HAP), 20 Nanop paste plus (20% HAP + 0.2% @entity7034 ), 10 Nanop paste (10% HAP), 10 Nanop paste plus (10% HAP + 0.2% @entity7034 ), placebo paste (without @entity1388 and HAP), @entity1388 paste (0.2% @entity7034 ), MI paste (CPP-ACP, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous @entity78 ), and MI paste plus (CPP-ACP + 0.2% @entity7034 ). Both MI pastes were included as commercial control products containing @entity78 . The specimens were treated with the pastes twice a day (1 min), before and after demineralization. The specimens were subjected to a pH-cycling model (demineralization-6-8 h/ remineralization-16-18 h a day) for 7 days. The dental subsurface demineralization was analyzed using cross-sectional hardness (kgf/mm 2 , depth 10-220   m). Data were tested using repeated-measures two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (p<0.05). The only treatment able to reduce the loss of enamel and dentin subsurface hardness was @entity1388 paste (0.2% @entity7034 ), which differed significantly from the control at 30- and 50-  m depth (p<0.0001). The other treatments were not different from each other or compared with the control. The experimental Nanop pastes, regardless of the addition of @entity1388 , were unable to reduce @entity3760 in vitro.

title: Impact of experimental nano-HAP pastes on XXXX enamel and dentin submitted to a pH cycling model.

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity3760 :: ('MESH:D017001', 'Disease') :: ['dental demineralization']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To obtain information from continuous intrathecal @entity1772 infusion (CIBI) pump centers regarding specific clinical practices and experiences. METHODS: A total of 115 centers were surveyed by mail. RESULTS: Forty centers (35%) responded with information about 1,002 test doses and 936 pump placements. @entity1 diagnoses included @entity306 , @entity1566 , traumatic @entity1545 , and others. The average test dose was 50 microg. A total of 87% of trials were successful. The most common test dose complications were @entity390 / @entity391 (2.6%) and sedation (2.2%). Pump placement complications included cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection (3.3%), @entity1142 (2.9%), @entity10 (2.4%), and CSF leak (2.2%). The most common long-term complications were catheter kink or migration (4%) and @entity281 (1.2%). Improved daily activities including easier diapering, dressing, transfers, orthotic wear and comfort, and sitting tolerance were reported in the majority (>90%) of @entity1 . Mixed results were reported for oral motor function and head, bladder, and bowel control. CONCLUSIONS: CIBI is an effective treatment for severe @entity508 , with dramatic quality-of-life improvements and a small number of significant complications. Long-term benefits and complications need to be monitored in this complex population.

title: Intrathecal baclofen pump use for XXXX : a clinical survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the success and complications of pulmonary artery catheterization via the femoral vein without the use of fluoroscopy, in the medical ICU. DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all @entity1 receiving pulmonary artery catheters through the femoral vein in the medical ICU between July 1, 1988 and June 30, 1992. SETTING: Medical ICU at Bronx Municipal Hospital Center. @entity1 : Thirty-three @entity1 were studied (20 male and 13 female). The @entity1 ranged in age from 24 to 83 years, with the mean age of 56 years. The condition at the time of catheterization was classified as @entity326 (n = 22), @entity360 (n = 7), @entity1455 (n = 1), @entity2293 (n = 1), preoperative (n = 1), or drug @entity1445 (n = 1). MEASUREMENTS: In each case, pulmonary artery pressure tracings, electrocardiographic recordings, procedure, and nursing notes were reviewed from the time of catheter insertion. Charts were also analyzed for evidence of catheter-related @entity295 , @entity1150 , @entity1151 , or problems developing at the insertion site. RESULTS: @entity358 catheterization was performed successfully in 37 of 39 attempts (95 percent success rate) without the use of fluoroscopy. Five of the 33 @entity1 studied had more than one femoral @entity358 catheter during their hospital course. Four of them had two femoral @entity358 catheters and the fifth @entity1 had three femoral @entity358 catheters. Overall, 39 attempts at femoral @entity358 catheterization were made in the 33 @entity1 studied. Three @entity1 had 10- to 19-beat @entity1165 (7.7 percent incidence) precluding catheter insertion via this approach in two instances. There was no clinical evidence of major @entity1410 or @entity548 , catheter-related @entity295 , @entity1150 , or @entity1151 in any of our @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity358 catheterization without the use of fluoroscopy is safe and effective.

title: XXXX catheterization in the intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral vein pulmonary artery', 'vein pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleed']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Femoral vein pulmonary artery']


abstract: Exercise provides cardioprotection against @entity63 -reperfusion injury, a process involving mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generation and @entity460 overload. This study tested the hypotheses that isolated mitochondria from hearts of endurance-trained @entity35 have decreased ROS production and improved tolerance against @entity141 -induced dysfunction. Male Fischer 344 @entity35 were either sedentary (Sed, n = 8) or endurance exercise trained (ET, n = 11) by running on a treadmill for 16 wk (5 days/wk, 60 min/day, 25 m/min, 6 degrees grade). Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation measures were determined with @entity2227 - @entity5910 or @entity4588 as substrates, and @entity274 production and @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) opening were determined with succinate. All assays were carried out in the absence and presence of @entity460 . In response to 25 and 50 microM CaCl(2), Sed and ET displayed similar decreases in state 3 respiration, respiratory control ratio, and @entity857 :O ratio. @entity141 -induced @entity1606 opening was also similar. However, @entity274 production by ET was lower than Sed (P < 0.05) in the absence of @entity460 (323 +/- 12 vs. 362 +/- 11 pmol.min(-1).mg protein(-1)) and the presence of 50 microM CaCl(2) (154 +/- 3 vs. 197 +/- 7 pmol.min(-1).mg protein(-1)). @entity3788 , which blocks electron flow from succinate to complex 1, reduced @entity274 production and eliminated differences between ET and Sed. Mitochondrial @entity224 dismutase and @entity2041 peroxidase were not affected by exercise. @entity12609 activity was extremely low but increased 49% in ET (P < 0.05). In conclusion, exercise reduces ROS production in myocardial mitochondria through adaptations specific to complex 1 but does not improve mitochondrial tolerance to @entity460 overload.

title: Exercise training decreases @entity35 heart mitochondria free radical generation but does not prevent XXXX -induced dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['Rotenone']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['permeability transition pore', 'PTP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to develop and validate a risk score to aid in the early identification of laboratory-confirmed @entity779 @entity1 at high risk of @entity7643 ( @entity7643 ) (i.e. severe plasma leakage with @entity649 , or severe @entity548 or organ impairment). We retrospectively analyzed data of 1184 non- @entity7643 @entity1 at hospital presentation and 69 @entity7643 @entity1 before @entity7643 onset. We fit a logistic regression model using 85% of the population and converted the model coefficients to a numeric risk score. Subsequently, we validated the score using the remaining 15% of @entity1 . Using the derivation cohort, two scoring algorithms for predicting @entity7643 were developed: models 1 ( @entity779  <=4 days) and 2 ( @entity779 >4 days). In model 1, we identified four variables: age >= 65 years, minor @entity360 , @entity491 , and platelet count >= 100*109 cells/L. Model 1 (ranging from -2 to +6 points) showed good discrimination between @entity7643 and non- @entity7643 , with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.848 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.771-0.924). The optimal cutoff value for model 1 was 1 point, with a sensitivity and specificity for predicting @entity7643 of 70.3% and 90.6%, respectively. In model 2 (ranging from 0 to +3 points), significant predictors were age >= 65 years and @entity491 . Model 2 showed an AUC of 0.859 (95% CI, 0.756-0.963), with an optimal cutoff value of 1 point (sensitivity, 80.3%; specificity, 85.8%). The median interval from hospital presentation to @entity7643 was 1 day. This finding underscores the importance of close monitoring, timely resuscitation of shock including intravenous fluid adjustment and early correction of @entity779 -related complications to prevent the progressive @entity779 severity. In the validation data, AUCs of 0.904 (95% CI, 0.825-0.983) and 0.917 (95% CI, 0.833-1.0) in models 1 and 2, respectively, were achieved. The observed @entity7643 rates (in both cohorts) were <3% for @entity1 with a score <1 point, but >50% for those with a score of >= 2 points, irrespective of the day of illness onset, suggesting that our simple risk score can be easily implemented in resource-limited countries for early prediction of @entity779 @entity1 at risk of @entity7643 provided that they have rapid @entity779 confirmed tests. For @entity1 with other acute febrile illnesses or @entity2348 usually have @entity7643 risk score of >1. Thus, these scoring algorithms cannot totally replace good clinical judgement of the physician, and most importantly, early differentiating @entity779 from other febrile illnesses is critical for appropriate monitoring and management.

title: Development of a Simple Clinical Risk Score for Early Prediction of Severe XXXX in Adult @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['shock or respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['severe dengue', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue illness', 'dengue']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['Dengue']


abstract: The goal of the study was to ascertain the factor structure and prevalence of @entity146 in @entity1 and adolescents in relation to demographic variables and diagnosis. A representative sample of 1,420 @entity1 (9-13 years) from 11 countries in North Carolina was followed for up to 6 years. @entity1 and caretakers were interviewed with the @entity1 and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment, which generates DSM-IV diagnoses and includes a measure of disability secondary to psychological symptoms. Three broad areas of disability were identified (relating to family, school, and peers). School disabilities were more common in @entity1 than @entity1 . while the reverse was true of family disability. Effects of age were complex, and partially gender-differentiated. @entity1 from minority ethnic groups had a higher overall prevalence of school disabilities, and were more prone than Whites to the disabling effects of @entity952 . @entity148 were as likely to result in disability as @entity308 , and @entity952 were more strongly associated with disability in some areas than was @entity9054 . The areas where disability is manifested are different depending on race, gender, age, and the @entity74 suffered. The implications of these findings for nosology and prevention are discussed.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in childhood and adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disability']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduct disorder']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional defiant disorders', 'disruptive behavior disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['type of disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disability']


abstract: @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent and capable of undergoing multilineage differentiation into highly specialized cells including pancreatic islet cells. Thus, they represent a novel alternative source for targeted therapies and regenerative medicine for @entity6 . Significant progress has been made in differentiating hESCs toward pancreatic lineages. One approach is based on the similarities of pancreatic b cell and neuroepithelial development. Nestin-positive cells are selected as pancreatic b cell precursors and further differentiated to secrete @entity2690 . The other approach is based on our knowledge of developmental biology in which the differentiation protocol sequentially reproduces the individual steps that are known in normal b cell ontogenesis during fetal pancreatic development. In the present study, the hESC cell line PKU1.1 was induced to differentiate into @entity2690 -producing cells (IPCs) using both protocols. The differentiation process was dynamically investigated and the similarities and differences between both strategies were explored. Our results show that IPCs can be successfully induced with both differentiation strategies. The resulting IPCs from both protocols shared many similar features with pancreatic islet cells, but not mature, functional b cells. However, these differently-derived IPC cell types displayed specific morphologies and different expression levels of pancreatic islet development-related markers. These data not only broaden our outlook on hESC differentiation into IPCs, but also extend the full potential of these processes for regenerative medicine in @entity6 .

title: XXXX -producing cells derived from @entity1 embryonic stem cells: comparison of definitive endoderm- and nestin-positive progenitor-based differentiation strategies.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: The objective of the study was to examine the influence of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibition on circulatory responses to standardized stress tests in primary mild to moderate @entity101 . @entity1 (n = 28) received 5 mg @entity3372 daily or placebo for 6 weeks in a double-blind crossover design, followed by 6 months of open @entity3372 treatment. @entity1032 (a 20-min Stroop's color word conflict test) and a cold pressor test were performed at the end of each of the three study periods. Noninvasive blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. @entity3372 reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels at rest (from 146+/-3/99+/-3 with placebo to 135+/-4/94+/-3 at 6 weeks, and 136+/-4/91+/-3 mm Hg at 6 months, in the laboratory) and during mental stress. Resting heart rates were unchanged by @entity3372 . @entity3372 reduced systolic blood pressure and heart rate responses during mental stress; diastolic blood pressure responses were unchanged. @entity3372 reduced cardiac workload (systolic blood pressure x heart rate) levels and responses. Treatment effects at 6 months were generally greater than at 6 weeks. During the cold pressor test systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were lowered by @entity3372 , but responses were unchanged. Heart rate responses, however, were reduced. Thus, @entity3372 reduced cardiac workload levels and responses also during the cold pressor test. These findings show that @entity1289 inhibitors can reduce cardiac workload during stressful situations. If confirmed, this would seem to offer an advantage in the treatment of @entity101 .

title: The influence of long-term XXXX inhibitor treatment on circulatory responses to stress in @entity1 @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril', 'Ramipril']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental stress']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It was recently reported that low-grade @entity6595 of @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ) was regressed by the eradication of @entity1534 . The aim of this study was to confirm the effect of @entity1534 eradication on low-grade @entity6595 and to investigate the whitish mucosa that appeared with regression of the lesions. METHODS: Forty-seven @entity1534 -positive @entity1 with low-grade @entity6595 were treated by using triple therapy. Biopsy specimens were histologically graded and B cell clonality was examined by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction before and after eradication treatment. The relationship between the appearance of whitish mucosa and the degree of @entity356 was evaluated. RESULTS: Histologic regression was observed 2 months after eradication therapy in 42 of 47 @entity1 . However, B cell monoclonality changed to polyclonality in only 23 @entity1 during the follow-up period. The appearance of whitish mucosa in @entity1 who showed histologic regression became more frequent as the degree of @entity356 increased (P< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most low-grade @entity6595 histologically regressed after @entity1534 eradication. The appearance of whitish mucosa after histologic regression reflected the degree of @entity356 . Whitish mucosa is an endoscopic characteristic and may be an endoscopic marker for regression of low-grade @entity6595 .

title: Endoscopic characteristics of low-grade gastric @entity1074 lymphoma after eradication of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma', 'gastric MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric gland loss']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with heterogeneous clinical presentations. This study aims to investigate the peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement in @entity3377 .   METHODS: A total of 57 @entity1 with @entity3377 , and 42 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were enrolled into the study. We performed motor conduction studies that included bilateral median, ulnar, tibial and peroneal nerves, and sensory nerve investigations from bilateral median, ulnar, radial, sural and medial plantar nerves.   RESULTS: Among @entity1 with @entity3377 , 21 had @entity1109 . Of these, 9 had abnormalities in nerve conduction studies. The electromyographic testing revealed @entity66 @entity1 without @entity1109 . Overall, 11 @entity1 (4 males, 7 females) with @entity3377 (19.3%) had @entity305 ( @entity305 ). The mean age of @entity1 with @entity305 was 52.63    19.06 years, being significantly higher than those without @entity305 (P = 0.006). The mean duration of @entity3377 was also longer in @entity1 with @entity305 , but not significant. The mean distal latency (DL) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) values were almost always longer in @entity1 with @entity3377 than controls, though not statistically significant.   CONCLUSION: Our results showed that @entity3377 causes clinical or subclinical peripheral @entity305 , and should therefore be considered as a cause of @entity305 , especially in endemic regions.

title: An electrophysiological study of peripheral XXXX in @entity3377 .

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in 2']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'PNP']

answer: @entity305 :: (MESH:D011115,Disease) :: ['polyneuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overtriage is a problem for all @entity130 systems, including the Greek emergency system. In this study we examined the performance of the primary care emergency system in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity764 , in the area of a Level I hospital. Our aim was to form organizational proposals and treatment and referral guidelines in an effort to improve the system's performance. METHODS: We reviewed the notes of 488 @entity1 with a @entity764 as their main complaint, seen and immediately discharged from the A+E department of a Level I hospital. RESULTS: Falls and road traffic accidents were the most common mechanisms of injury. The majority of the injuries were @entity174 or rib cage contusions. Many @entity1 sought medical advice several days after the injury. Fifteen @entity1 required conservative treatment for @entity130 . Clinical examination, X-rays and abdominal ultrasound were the most useful tests. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed clinical examination, time from injury and a chest X-ray usually identifies the @entity1 who can safely be treated in primary health care facilities. Simple radiology services (X-ray and US) and training of general practitioners in basic emergency care principals in primary care health centres would reduce the number of referred @entity1 with @entity764 .

title: Management of XXXX at a level I @entity130 centre: can primary health care system take over?

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injury', 'simple thoracic injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['orthopaedic injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['simple thoracic injuries']


abstract: @entity580 (BSI) is a common finding in cardiac surgery intensive care units and is associated with excess mortality and hospital costs. Additional data are needed about incidence, characteristics, predictors, associated microorganisms of nosocomial BSI in cardiac surgical @entity1 in order to refine measures to prevent @entity580 and to improve recovery outcomes in this @entity1 population. The 3912 cardio-thoracic surgery @entity1 from all age groups were admitted to the study at the Gottsegen Gy  rgy Hungarian Institute of Cardiology between January 1999 and December 2000. In each @entity1 with BSI demographic, epidemiological and clinical variables were recorded along with potential risk factors. Incidence of associated pathogens and their possible sources were evaluated and outcome and mortality risk factors were assessed. There were a total of 134 episodes of BSI. The incidence was 34.25 per 1000 admissions. The leading microorganisms were staphylococci (37.7%). Bacteremic episodes developed secondary to an identifiable source in 27.6% of the cases, or were catheter-related (16.4%). In 56% of the cases the source was not identified. The crude mortality rate was 33.3%. Higher mortality rate was associated with intracardial grafts (p < 0.05), low left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.04), @entity6 (p < 0.05), an age above 16 years (p < 0.02), severe @entity295 (p < 0.001) and high APACHE II score (p < 0.001). As the identified main sources of BSI were intravascular lines, mortality from BSI could probably be reduced by paying more attention to the prevention, early recognition and prompt management of intravascular device associated @entity281 .

title: Characteristics of nosocomial bloodstream XXXX at a Hungarian cardiac surgery centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Nosocomial bloodstream infection', 'nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: The characteristics of fecal sources, and the ways in which they are measured, can profoundly influence the interpretation of which sources are contaminating a body of water. Although feces from various hosts are known to differ in mass and composition, it is not well understood how those differences compare across fecal sources and how differences depend on characterization methods. This study investigated how nine different fecal characterization methods provide different measures of fecal concentration in water, and how results varied across twelve different fecal pollution sources. Sources investigated included @entity1573 , @entity291 , deer, @entity235 , goose, gull, @entity1641 , @entity1 , @entity1707 , pigeon, septage and sewage. A composite fecal slurry was prepared for each source by mixing feces from 6 to 22 individual samples with artificial freshwater. Fecal concentrations were estimated by physical (wet fecal mass added and total DNA mass extracted), culture-based ( @entity526 and enterococci by membrane filtration and defined substrate), and quantitative real-time PCR (Bacteroidales, @entity526 , and enterococci) characterization methods. The characteristics of each composite fecal slurry and the relationships between physical, culture-based and qPCR-based characteristics varied within and among different fecal sources. An in silico exercise was performed to assess how different characterization methods can impact identification of the dominant fecal pollution source in a mixed source sample. A comparison of simulated 10:90 mixtures based on enterococci by defined substrate predicted a source reversal in 27% of all possible combinations, while mixtures based on @entity526 membrane filtration resulted in a reversal 29% of the time. This potential for disagreement in minor or dominant source identification based on different methods of measurement represents an important challenge for water quality managers and researchers.

title: Characterization of fecal concentrations in XXXX and other animal sources by physical, culture-based, and quantitative real-time PCR methods.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Though mild @entity2332 displays an optimistic alleviation of contractive failure in the @entity63 /reperfusion myocardium, we still lacked answers to many questions about its potential mechanisms. Our hypothesis is that @entity2332 (32  C) induced in @entity63 can ease @entity2383 resulting in improvement of myocardial contractility even under the condition of a normothermic reperfusion. Fifty newly born 1-2 d @entity35 were executed and the primary cardiomyocytes were obtained and cultivated in vitro. Myocytes were randomized into three groups and then subjected to @entity63 either at 32  C or 37  C, both prior to undergoing reperfusion at 37  C. Contractility was presented as frequency and velocity. Ultrastructural alterations of cardiomyocytes and mitochondrion underwent semi-quantitative analysis with transmission electron microscopy and respiratory function of mitochondria was further assessed simultaneously. During cooling @entity63 and following reperfusion, cardiomyocytes acquired a more immediate restoration to baseline level and had a significant difference as compared with those in normothermia (P < 0.05). Furthermore, @entity2332 preserved the ultrastructure of myocytes and mitochondrion after @entity63 . However, measurement on @entity3697 Score and form factor revealed no differences after 2-h reperfusion either in @entity2332 or normothermia. On the contrary, the surface area and respiratory function of mitochondrion in reperfusion differed significantly in both groups (P < 0.05) which had an accordance with the variation on contractile performance. @entity2332 only induced in @entity63 can bring contractility benefit even under a normothermia reperfusion in cultured cardiomyocytes.

title: Ischemia XXXX improved contractility under normothermia reperfusion in the model of cultured cardiomyocyte.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity3697 :: ('MESH:D006335', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Injury']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial injury']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: @entity2930 ( @entity3403 and @entity1214 ) inhibit inducible NO synthase expression and augment @entity2247 expression and @entity1421 production. In contrast, chemically modified @entity2930 (CMTs), such as @entity33954 and -8 (but not CMT-1, -2, and -5), that lack antimicrobial activity, inhibit both NO and @entity1421 production in LPS-stimulated @entity19 macrophages, @entity291 chondrocytes, and @entity1 @entity571 -affected cartilage, which spontaneously produces NO and @entity1421 in ex vivo conditions. Furthermore, @entity33954 augments @entity2247 protein expression but inhibits net @entity1421 accumulation. This coincides with the ability of @entity33954 and -8 to inhibit @entity2247 enzyme activity in vitro. The action of CMTs is distinct from that observed with @entity2930 because 1) @entity33954 -mediated inhibition of @entity1421 production coincides with modification of @entity2247 protein, which is distinct from the nonglycosylated @entity2247 protein generated in the presence of @entity2425 , as observed by Western blot analysis and 2) @entity33954 and -8 have no significant effect on @entity2247 mRNA accumulation. In contrast, @entity33954 and -8 do not inhibit @entity9859 expression in A549 @entity1 epithelial cells at the level of protein and mRNA accumulation or modification of @entity9859 protein. @entity33954 and -8 inhibit the sp. act. of @entity2247 (but not @entity9859 ) in cell-free extracts. These results demonstrate differential action of @entity33954 (Metastat) on @entity21513 expression, which is distinct from other @entity2930 .

title: A novel mechanism of action of chemically modified @entity2930 : inhibition of XXXX -mediated @entity1421 production.

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines', 'Tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity2425 :: ('MESH:D014415', 'Chemical') :: ['tunicamycin']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) is a relatively common complication following CABG and is associated with adverse outcomes. Nonetheless, we hypothesized that the majority of @entity1 make a good long-term recovery of their renal function. We studied the incidence and risk factors of @entity810 together with renal recovery and long-term survival in @entity1 who developed @entity810 following CABG. METHODS: This nationwide study examined @entity810 among 1754 consecutive @entity1 undergoing CABG in 2001-2013. @entity810 was defined according to the KDIGO criteria. RESULTS: Postoperatively 184 (11%) @entity1 developed @entity810 ; 121 (7%), 27 (2%), and 36 (2%) at stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. @entity810 was an independent risk factor for @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and @entity810 @entity1 had worse post-operative outcomes. Lower pre-operative glomerular filtration rate, higher EuroSCORE and BMI, @entity6 , reoperation, and units of red blood cells transfused were independent risk factors of @entity810 . At post-operative day 10, renal recovery rates, defined as serum @entity1011 ratio <1.25 of baseline, were 96 (95% CI 91-99%), 78 (95% CI 53-90%), and 94% (95% CI 77-98%) for @entity810 stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Long-term survival was predicted by @entity810 with 10-year survival of @entity1 without @entity810 being 76% and those with @entity810 stages 1, 2, and 3 being 63%, 56%, and 49%, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Depending on the severity of the initial @entity810 , 78-97% of @entity1 made good recovery of their kidney function. However, @entity810 was significantly linked to progression to @entity740 and long-term survival remained markedly affected by the severity of the @entity8 .

title: Renal recovery and long-term survival following acute XXXX after coronary artery surgery: a nationwide study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['initial kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'Acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney injury']


abstract: This study aims to give a better understanding of the prevalence, patterns, and @entity260 , to evaluate the Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications, and to set out a protocol to improve postoperative recovery. Over a period of 27 months we studied 192 @entity1 who had had major head and neck operations with free flaps. Data on complications were gathered prospectively along with @entity1 ' details, comorbidities, factors indicative of the magnitude of the surgical insult, and variations in perioperative care. Complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo system. Outcomes analysed comprised any complication, major complications (Clavien-Dindo III and above), wound complications, and @entity358 . A total of 64% of @entity1 had complications, and in around one third they were serious; wound and @entity358 were the most common. Factors significantly associated with complications reflected an interaction between coexisting conditions of the @entity1 at operation and the magnitude of the surgery. Perioperative interventions to ensure preoperative optimisation of @entity1 , and to lessen the systemic inflammatory response that results from operation offer the best prospect of reducing the @entity532 . A protocol to improve recovery after operation would be appropriate. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications is useful in this group.

title: XXXX after major head and neck surgery with free flap repair--prevalence, patterns, and determinants: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['burden of surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['determinants of postoperative complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Postoperative complications']


abstract: In the present study, a novel, fast, sensitive and robust method to quantify @entity1088 in @entity1 plasma using @entity1089 as the internal standard (IS) is described. The analyte and the IS were extracted from plasma using a single protein precipitation extraction technique with @entity1042 and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to the electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-ESI- @entity15 / @entity15 ). The method was linear over the range 20 to 1500 ng.mL-1. The intra-assay precisions ranged from 3.8 to 5.9%, while inter-assay precisions ranged from 4.2 to 6.0%. The intra-assay accuracies ranged from 99.3 to 107.5%, while the inter-assay accuracies ranged from 98.9 to 101.7%. This method agrees with the requirements proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration of high sensitivity, specificity and high sample throughput and was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles and bioequivalence of the two @entity1088 formulations in twenty six @entity161 @entity1 affected by refractory @entity161 under steady-state conditions. During the hospitalization period the @entity1 received the 100 mg @entity1088 formulation tablets corresponding to the same dose they were using 14 days before hospitalization. The @entity1088 pharmacokinetic did not differ significantly after administration of both test and the reference formulations. The Tmax and T1/2 for the test formulation were 2.26 and 10.92 h, respectively. In addition, the Tmax and T1/2 for the reference formulation were 2.44 and 11.08 h, respectively. The 90% confidence interval of the mean ratio of lnAUC0-t was within 0.80-1.25 range which indicates that the test formulation was bioequivalent to the reference formulation when orally administered to @entity161 @entity1 regarding both the rate and extent of absorption.

title: Comparative bioavailability of two oral formulations of @entity1088 in steady state administered in XXXX volunteers under individualized dose regime.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe preventive behaviors and behavioral intentions related to @entity791 sexual transmission, other @entity2953 and unwanted pregnancies among 10th grade Barcelona students. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Stratified random sample from Barcelona secondary schools in 1996. SETTING: Secondary schools. @entity1 : 981 students at 35 10th grade classrooms. MAIN RESULTS: 82% of the students are 15-16 years old. 58% are @entity1 . 16% have had sexual intercourse ( @entity1 18% and @entity1 14%); among those, 43% of males and 30% of females have had only once sexual intercourse. 78% use always or almost always a condom. 22% of @entity1 and 44% of @entity1 have refused at least an opportunity of unprotected intercourse. @entity1 feel more confident to buy, carry on and use a condom, however @entity1 feel more confident in convincing their partner and refusing unprotected sex. Among those with sexual experience, partner opinion predicts condom use ( @entity1 OR = 30.8 and @entity1 OR = 8.8), as well as partner use ( @entity1 OR = 14.2 and @entity1 OR = 15.4). Intention to use condoms with a regular partner is related to the perception of youth normative behaviors ( @entity1 OR = 10.9 and @entity1 OR = 4.4) and friends opinion ( @entity1 OR = 6.2 and @entity1 OR = 5.4). Condom use with a non regular partner is related also to the perception that its use avoids @entity281 and unwanted pregnancies ( @entity1 OR = 9.9 and @entity1 OR = 8.0). Intention to refuse unprotected sex relates, in both genders, to youth normative behaviors and self-efficacy to refuse unprotected intercourse. CONCLUSIONS: 16% of the 10th grade students have had a sexual intercourse. Only half part of them use always condom, although it is the contraceptive method more frequently used. Condom use relates mainly to partners opinions and their current use. Intentions to use condoms are associated also to friends opinion and youth social norm perception. Intention to use a condom with non regular partners aims avoiding diseases and unwanted pregnancies.

title: [Preventive behaviors for the sexual transmission of @entity791 , other XXXX , and pregnancy in high-school students].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Boys', 'girls', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that systemic ATL-146e, an @entity859 A(2A) agonist, would decrease spinal cord reperfusion inflammatory stress and inhibit apoptosis and that these effects would correlate with improved neurologic functional outcome. METHODS: Thirty @entity95 underwent cross-clamping of the infrarenal aorta for 45 minutes. One group of animals (n = 14) received 0.06 microg/kg per minute of ATL-146e infused intravenously for 3 hours, beginning 15 minutes before reperfusion. A second group of animals (n = 16) underwent @entity2759 with saline vehicle alone and served as @entity63 controls. Animals (n = 9, 11) from each group survived for 48 hours and assessed for @entity16 with the Tarlov (0-5) scoring system. Four animals from each group were humanely killed at the end of the 3-hour treatment period, and the remainder killed after 48 hours' survival. In all animals, lumbar spinal cord tissue specimens were frozen for subsequent Western blot analysis of @entity1457 protein 70 (HSP 70), and for the p85 fragment of @entity12874 polymerase (PARP). Neuronal viability indices were determined at 48 hours with @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining. RESULTS: There was improvement in neurologic function in @entity95 receiving ATL-146e (P <.001) compared with @entity63 controls. At the end of the 3-hour treatment period there was a 46% (P <.05) decrease in HSP 70 expression in the ATL-146e group compared with the control group, but no difference in PARP expression. At 48 hours, there was no difference between control and ATL-146e groups in HSP 70 expression, but there was a 65% (P <.05) reduction in PARP in the spinal cords of animals that had received ATL-146e. There was a significant improvement in neuronal viability indices in animals receiving ATL-146e compared with @entity63 controls (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Systemic ATL-146e infusion during reperfusion after @entity2759 results in preservation of hindlimb motor function. There is evidence of decreased spinal cord inflammatory stress immediately after treatment with @entity44732 as indicated by reduced HSP 70 induction. Treatment with ATL-146e is associated with a reduction in neuronal apoptosis as suggested by a substantial decrease in the fragmentation of PARP at 48 hours. These results suggest that @entity32 during reperfusion and subsequent apoptosis contribute to @entity912 after restoration of blood flow to the @entity63 spinal cord.

title: An @entity859 A2A agonist, ATL-146e, reduces XXXX and apoptosis during @entity95 spinal cord reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (ADP-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']