abstract: AIM OF STUDY: To ascertain the number of cases of spontaneous (aneurysmal) @entity510 presenting to Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, over a one year period, the demographics of the @entity1 involved, their treatment and their eventual outcome. METHOD: A retrospective study from June 1995 to June 1996. RESULTS: There were 62 @entity1 admitted over this period with an average of 5 @entity1 per month. Their ages ranged from 9 to 85 years with a mean of 54 years. All 62 @entity1 underwent 4-vessel cerebral angiograms. Forty-three @entity1 (69%) underwent clipping of their @entity439 . Twelve @entity1 (19%) had negative angiograms. Four @entity1 (6%) underwent coiling of their @entity439 via interventional neuroradiology techniques. @entity1 with @entity510 of Grades 1 to 3 on the WFNS (World Federation of Neurological Surgeons) grading had a favourable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score of 4 and 5) in 85% of the cases. The overall mortality rate for the operated group (all grades) was 11%. However for the group with good WFNS grading, namely the Grade 1 to 2 groups, there were no deaths. Twenty-four percent of @entity1 developed clinically symptomatic @entity2553 . Eighteen percent of @entity1 required ventriculo-peritoneal shunting for @entity1276 secondary to the @entity510 . The overall management mortality (operated and non-operated cases) was 14% for proven aneurysmal and angiographically-negative spontaneous @entity510 . These results are comparable to that of other reputable centers reported in the literature.

title: XXXX and outcome--results from Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of three-dimensional (3D) and axial imaging by spiral computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of advanced @entity356 (AGC). METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with AGC underwent 3D and axial imaging by spiral CT. Among them, 40 cases were confirmed by surgery. The remaining 20 cases showed typical findings of AGC with upper gastrointestinal series and gastroscopy that were proved by endoscopic biopsy. Spiral CT was performed with 3-mm collimation, 4. 5-mm/s table feed, and 1.5-mm reconstruction interval in the supine position after ingestion of gas. Three-dimensional images using the shaded surface display (SSD) technique were analyzed and graded (excellent, good, or poor). A second dual-phase spiral CT scan was performed with 5-mm collimation, 7-mm/s table feed, and 5-mm reconstruction interval in the prone position after ingestion of water. RESULTS: Among 60 cases of AGC, there were two cases (3.4%) of Borrmann type 1, 12 cases (20.0%) of @entity1605 , 32 cases (53.3%) of Borrmann type 3, 11 cases (18.3%) of Borrmann type 4, and three cases (5.0%) of Borrmann type 5. Of the 60 cases of AGC, excellent 3D images were obtained in nine @entity1 (15.0%), good 3D images in 39 (65.0%), and poor 3D images in 12 (20.0%). Among the 12 @entity1 with poor images, @entity5 were located at the pyloric antrum in eight cases (66.7%), were AGC Borrmann type 4 in three cases (25.0%), and early @entity356 (EGC)-mimicking lesion (AGC Borrmann type 5) in one case (8.3%). @entity5 involving the antrum tended to show poor images (p < 0.05). Using axial images, Borrmann's classification based on @entity5 morphology was accurately identified in 41 cases (68.3%); however, using 3D imaging, 52 cases (86.7%) were accurately classified (p < 0.05). In 40 cases receiving surgery, good correlation between axial CT image and pathology occurred in 70.0% of T class and 72.5% of N class. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional images of AGC by spiral CT data were good or excellent in 80%, and combining 3D images with axial CT imaging improved the accuracy in classifying Borrmann type and @entity5 staging.

title: XXXX : the role of three-dimensional and axial imaging by spiral CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Borrmann type 2']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancers', 'cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Advanced gastric carcinoma']


abstract: Sharp electrode current-clamp recording techniques were used to characterize the response of nigral @entity935 (DA)-containing neurons in @entity35 brain slices to injected current pulses applied in the presence of @entity4524 (2 microM) and under conditions in which apamin-sensitive @entity141 -activated K+ channels were blocked. Addition of apamin (100-300 nM) to perfusion solutions containing @entity4524 blocked the pacemaker oscillation in membrane voltage evoked by depolarizing current pulses and revealed an afterdepolarization ( @entity857 ) that appeared as a shoulder on the falling phase of the voltage response. @entity857 were preceded by a ramp-shaped slow depolarization and followed by an apamin-insensitive hyperpolarizing afterpotential (HAP). Although @entity857 s were observed in all apamin-treated cells, the duration of the response varied considerably between individual neurons and was strongly potentiated by the addition of @entity1041 (2-3 mM). In the presence of @entity4524 , @entity1041 , and apamin, optimal stimulus parameters (0.1 nA, 200-ms duration at -55 to -68 mV) evoked @entity857 ranging from 80 to 1,020 ms in duration (355.3 +/- 56.5 ms, n = 16). Both the ramp-shaped slow depolarization and the ensuing @entity857 were markedly voltage dependent but appeared to be mediated by separate conductance mechanisms. Thus, although bath application of @entity594 (10-30 microM) or low @entity141 , high Mg2+ Ringer blocked the @entity857 without affecting the ramp potential, equimolar substitution of @entity515 for @entity141 blocked both components of the voltage response. Nominal @entity141 Ringer containing @entity515 also blocked the HAP evoked between -55 and -68 mV. We conclude that the @entity857 elicited in DA neurons after blockade of apamin-sensitive @entity141 -activated K+ channels is mediated by a voltage-dependent, L-type @entity141 channel and represents a transient form of the regenerative plateau oscillation in membrane potential previously shown to underlie apamin-induced bursting activity. These data provide further support for the notion that modulation of apamin-sensitive @entity141 -activated K+ channels in DA neurons exerts a permissive effect on the conductances that are involved in the expression of phasic activity.

title: Blockade of SK-type XXXX -activated K+ channels uncovers a @entity141 -dependent slow afterdepolarization in nigral @entity935 neurons.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of concomitant @entity460 administration on the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of @entity3477 . DESIGN: This was a nonblinded, randomised, single dose, crossover study in healthy male volunteers. @entity1 : 12 healthy male Caucasians (age 24 to 45 years) were enrolled in the study. METHODS: In each of the 2 study periods, each volunteer received a single oral morning dose of @entity3477 400mg after an overnight fast. In 1 of the study periods, @entity141 500mg ( @entity460 -Sandoz Forte) was administered immediately before, and 12 and 24 hours after, @entity3477 (total of 3 doses of @entity141 ). The 2 study periods were separated by a washout period of at least 2 weeks. RESULTS: @entity3477 was well tolerated throughout the study. There was no difference in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity [AUCinfinity; geometric mean (SD)] of @entity3477 [32.2 (1.24) vs 33.0 (1.26) mg/L x h, with vs without @entity141 ]. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) [2.29 (1.27) vs 2.71 (1.33) mg/L, with vs without @entity141 ] slightly decreased by approximately 16% and the time to Cmax [median (range)] tended to be slightly prolonged [2.5 (0.8 to 3) vs 0.9 (0.5 to 2.5) hours, with vs without @entity141 ]. CONCLUSIONS: The extent of absorption of @entity3477 is not affected by concomitant @entity141 intake, whereas the rate of absorption is slightly reduced, an effect not considered to be of clinical relevance. Hence, @entity3477 may be administered together with @entity141 without dosage adjustments or special recommendations.

title: Effect of @entity460 supplements on the oral bioavailability of XXXX in healthy male volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['Moxifloxacin', 'moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity3477 :: (MESH:C104727,Chemical) :: ['moxifloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of chronic @entity10070 (CPS) is challenging and often requires long-term therapy with systemic @entity288 and supplementary use of @entity134 -sparing agents. OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficiency and safety of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) as a @entity134 -sparing agent in @entity1 with CPS. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity10070 , who were treated with @entity2098 and systemic @entity288 for >6 months between 2004 and 2010. Corticosteroid dose, pulmonary function parameters and radiological and clinical follow-up before and after treatment with @entity2098 were assessed. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 received @entity2098 for >6 months. @entity2098 was introduced due to side effects (5/10 @entity1 ) and due to an inadequate response to prior therapy (5/10 @entity1 ). Median duration of treatment with @entity2098 was 31 months (range 8-66). Therapeutic @entity2098 plasma trough levels of 1-3 mg/l were reached with daily doses of 1,722    440 mg @entity2098 . Daily @entity228 dose could be significantly reduced from 14.3    13.3 to 6.5    2.3 mg @entity617 during treatment. During follow-up, pulmonary function, symptoms and radiological signs improved in 4 @entity1 , while 6 @entity1 remained stable. Median change in FVC was +8.5 % (range -2 to 16). No severe adverse events that were related to combined immunosuppressive therapy occurred. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the addition of @entity2098 to @entity288 is a viable and safe treatment option in CPS. @entity2098 allows a significant reduction of maintenance @entity288 to levels <10 mg/day while preserving a stable or improved clinical condition.

title: Effect and safety of @entity618 in chronic XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity10070 :: (MESH:D017565,Disease) :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a fascial @entity616 providing post-operative @entity1337 in @entity1 undergoing surgery with infra-umbilical incisions. We evaluated analgesic efficacy of TAP block with @entity1342 for 24 h after caesarean section through a Pfannenstiel incision. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomised to undergo TAP block with @entity1342 (n = 30) versus control group (n = 30) with normal saline, in addition to standard @entity1337 with intravenous @entity1443 and @entity1340 . At the end of the surgery, ultrasound-guided TAP @entity616 was given bilaterally using @entity1342 or normal saline (15 ml on either side). Each @entity1 was assessed post-operatively by a blinded investigator at regular intervals up to 24 h for visual analogue score (VAS) and requirement of @entity1337 . SPSS version 18.0 software was used. Demographic data were analysed using Student's t-test and the other parameters using paired t-test. RESULTS: TAP block with @entity1342 compared with normal saline reduced post-operative VAS at 24 h (P = 0.004918). Time for rescue @entity1337 in the study group was prolonged from 4.1 to 9.53 h (P = 0.01631). Mean requirement of @entity1340 in the first 24 h was reduced in the study group. CONCLUSION: US guided TAP block after caesarean section reduces the analgesic requirement in the first 24 h.

title: Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis @entity616 for post-operative @entity1337 in XXXX undergoing caesarean section.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['plane block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: After a short historical review a proposal is made for the definition of @entity1412 . The authors studied 350 CT-scans of @entity1 with nasal complaints. In a high percentage anatomical anomalies were observed. In 57.5% of the @entity3137 was visible. In all @entity1 with @entity1127 (rounded structures) could be found; in 31% these @entity1127 were mainly of grade 2. From a retrospective study of 111 biopsies of @entity1412 (65 @entity1 ) it became clear that different @entity1127 from the same @entity1 showed substantial difference in cellular content, i.e. presence of @entity1712 , neutrophils, plasma cells, glands, ducti and thickening of the basal membrane. As oral @entity117 provocation may be hazardous in ASA-sensitive @entity1 , the authors developed a nasal @entity117 provocation test. This nasal ASA test was carried out in 10 normal test subjects, 10 @entity1 with aspecific hyperreactivity, 10 @entity1097 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 with @entity1412 nasi. The reproducibility of the test, however, was so poor that the nasal ASA challenge test in its present form does not appear to be of any great clinical value. Finally, the authors discuss the physiopathology of @entity1412 .

title: Recurrent XXXX nasi. Documentation.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinus disease polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis', 'nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['CT-scans sinus mucosal disease']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['polyposis']


abstract: The pink-eyed unstable (p(un)) mutation is the result of a 70kb tandem duplication within the @entity19 p gene. Homologous deletion/recombination of the locus to wild-type occurs spontaneously in embryos and results in @entity735 that persist for life. Such deletion events are also inducible by a variety of DNA damaging agents, as we have observed previously with the fur spot assay. Here, we describe the use of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the eye to detect reversion events induced with two differently acting agents. @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) induces a high frequency, and X-ray exposure a more modest increase, of p(un) reversion in both the fur and the eye. The eye-spot assay requires fewer @entity19 for significant results than the fur spot assay. Previous work had elucidated the cell proliferation pattern in the RPE and a position effect variegation phenotype in the pattern of p(un) reversions, which we have confirmed. Acute exposure to @entity3015 or X-rays resulted in an increased frequency of reversion events. The majority of the spontaneous reversions lie toward the periphery of the RPE whereas induced events are found more centrally, closer to the optic nerve head. The induced distribution corresponds to the major sites of cell proliferation in the RPE at the time of exposure, and further advocates the proposal that dividing cells are at highest risk to develop deletions.

title: XXXX and X-rays induce reversions of the pink-eyed unstable mutation in the retinal pigment epithelium of @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented spots in the fur and eye']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzo(a)pyrene']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['Benzo(a)pyrene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that elevated plasma @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ), prevalent in @entity101 @entity1 , affects oxidant/antioxidant balance of the body, and is linked to the development of @entity731 , @entity32 , and endothelium injury. Our objective was to examine a hypothesis that @entity5784 is a predictor of total antioxidant status (TAS) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), important in the repair of injured endothelium, in @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS: This study was conducted with newly diagnosed essential @entity101 @entity1 (n=42) and healthy controls (n=20). Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, including plasma @entity5784 , lipids, TAS, and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) were quantified. @entity121 ( @entity121 ) was assessed in carotid arteries. Blood derived EPCs were quantified using an in vitro culture assay. RESULTS: @entity5784 , @entity121 , and @entity1851 were significantly elevated while TAS and EPCs were significantly lower in @entity101 @entity1 compared with controls. In multivariate regression analysis @entity5784 was a predictor of @entity2998 and EPCs number. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity5784 might increase carotid artery @entity121 by reducing EPCs numbers. Possible involvement of @entity5784 in the reduction of EPCs number in @entity101 @entity1 might be in part mediated by @entity5784 influence on the TAS.

title: Plasma total XXXX is a determinant of carotid intima-media thickness and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['IMT of carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'Intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Orbital metastases of lu @entity3 are @entity2 er, because the number of patients diagnos @entity1 lung cancer is i @entity2 the probability that a physician will see a patient with an @entity1 metastasis is al @entity3 ing. Unfortunately, the clinical course and response of these patients to cyto @entity1 emotherapy are generally poor and keeping a patient's qualit @entity1 sion is difficult. In recent years, gefitinib, an ep @entity4562 rowth @entity470 @entity669 r, has brightened the outlook for patients with ad @entity1 on-small cell l @entity1149 those who carry epidermal growth @entity470 tions. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old Japanese man presented wi @entity1 swelling of the eyelid margin and ptosis of his ri @entity1736 e. A physical examination revealed double vision in @entity892 e and an alteration in elevator muscle mobility. A magnetic resonance image demonstrated a right intra-orbital mass (18   16mm). Screening examinations were carried out because this mass was suspected to be a metastasis from @entity3 gan. Chest computed tomography revealed a 42   37mm mass shadow on the left side of the hilum with mediastinal lymph node metastases. Aden @entity3 w @entity420 al growth @entity470 exon 19 deletion L747-E749; A750P) was detec @entity39705 n a transbronchial biopsy specimen; the patient was diag @entity1 ith stage IV (T2N2M1) non-small cell l @entity1149 g @entity4562 chosen as first-line chemotherapy because there was no pre-existing interstitial shadow. After two months of treatment, the patient's right @entity1 ned completely and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging revealed a marked reduction of the intra-orbital mass to 14   13mm. Three months after treatment initiation, a follow-up computed tomography showed a marked reduction in the size of the primary lesion t @entity75 he patient is conti @entity1 efitinib treatm @entity4562 ut any adverse effects noted on computed tomography, physical, or laboratory examination. CONCLUSIONS: We report the case of a patient with an @entity1 non-small cell l @entity1149 @entity3 growth @entity470 tions. This metastasis, as w @entity3 primary lesion, @entity75 d response to the molecular targeting drug gefitinib, and t @entity4562 t's vision @entity1 pt without an invasive procedure. Gefitinib may be @entity4562 irst choice for patients with or @entity1 n-small cell l @entity1149 o @entity3 rmal growth @entity470 tions.

title: Orbital XXXX secondary to pulmonary @entity420 treated with @entity4562 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib', 'Gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['double vision']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Water channel is a protein which regulates transcellular water permeability. Among mRNA expression of six principal @entity1 water channels, AQ4 mRNA expression was highest in the brain. Water channels are supposed to regulate @entity2657 but the detailed physiological and pathological function is unknown. @entity2657 has been analyzed as an aspect of ion channel @entity130 . However the transportation of water molecule itself following @entity2806 is unknown. As water channels transport only water molecules, the functional changes of water channels following @entity2806 are of great interest. To evaluate the role of water channels in @entity2657 following @entity2806 , the changes of water channel mRNA expression were evaluated. @entity2657 was induced by suture method. The extraction of water channel mRNA was performed according to Chomczynsli and Sacchi. RT-PCR was applied to extracted mRNA. Water channel mRNA electrophoresis was performed. For semi-quantified evaluation of water channel, mRNA intensities of the @entity1188 hemisphere and normal hemisphere were compared. The expression of water channel mRNA was decreased following @entity2806 . This damage leads to loose physiological control of water permeability of the cell membrane in the neuron, glia and endothelial cells which leads to @entity2657 .

title: Expression of water channel mRNA following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema', 'Brain edema', 'brain edema', 'Cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury or membrane injury']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report on a @entity1 with ejaculatory-duct calculi that caused secondary obstruction and @entity249 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Clinical. @entity1 : A 32-year-old @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging, vasography, transurethral resection of the veru, and a review of similar cases. RESULT(S): A 32-year-old @entity1 with ejaculatory-duct obstruction because of calculi that caused @entity249 is described. Diagnosis was via vasography and magnetic resonance imaging. Management of this condition involves transurethral veru resection. CONCLUSIONS: Calculus causing ejaculatory-duct obstruction and leading to @entity249 is a rarely reported phenomenon. Transurethral resection of the veru and calculi extraction is the optimal management.

title: Ejaculatory-duct calculus causing secondary obstruction and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENT', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: During the period January 1985 to June 1989, 53 cases of @entity3509 were treated surgically at Papworth hospital regional cardio-thoracic centre. Of these, 47 @entity1 underwent thoracotomy and decortication as their primary surgical treatment. The remaining six @entity1 were treated by rib resection. Prior to surgical referral 20 of these had undergone previous tube drainage for a mean period of 18 days (range 7-42 days). The principle cause of @entity3509 was @entity358 . In 57% of cases no organisms were isolated from @entity456 or fluid. In the remainder, a variety of organisms were encountered. Early surgical drainage and freeing of the underlying lung met with good results and no deaths in the uncomplicated group. The median duration of postoperative chest drainage for the whole group was 7 days (mean 12 days) and median postoperative in-hospital stay was 13 days (mean 20 days). This is in stark contrast to the duration of hospitalization of @entity1 prior to surgical referral (mean 103.6 days). There were five deaths. All occurred in @entity1 with severe debilitating associated illnesses. In these @entity1 initial drainage of the @entity3509 space with a tube or by rib resection may have allowed recovery prior to more major surgery.

title: XXXX : a review of a 4 1/2 year experience of cases requiring surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['empyema thoracis', 'empyema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['broncho-pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural debris']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['Empyema thoracis']


abstract: 1. In order to investigate the nature of the alpha-adrenoceptors mediating contraction of circular myometrium from dioestrous @entity840 , the effects of several adrenoceptor antagonists upon log concentration curves to @entity1063 and @entity2647 have been examined. 2. In the presence of @entity10342 and @entity5554 both @entity2647 and @entity1063 produced concentration-dependent contractures of circular myometrium from virgin dioestrous @entity840 . @entity1063 was the more potent and produced larger maximal contractions. @entity3352 (1 mumol/l) decreased the maximum effects of @entity2647 but not those of @entity1063 . @entity4763 produced @entity3352 -sensitive contractions which were not dose-related and which never exceeded 40% of those evoked by @entity1063 . Responses to @entity4763 and to @entity1063 , but not those to @entity2647 , were reduced in a low @entity460 solution. 3. @entity3159 produced competitive antagonism of the effects of @entity2647 upon preparations of circular myometrium from virgin and parous dioestrous animals; pA2 values were both 8.1. @entity5521 also competitively antagonized the effects of @entity2647 (virgin animals, pA2=7.7). 4. Both @entity3159 and @entity5521 antagonized the effects of @entity1063 upon preparations from virgin dioestrous animals, however, Schild plot analysis did not indicate a simple bimolecular interaction between agonist and receptors. In the presence of prazosin the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity9006 produced dose-dependent parallel shifts in the positions of the log concentration-response curves to @entity1063 ; the pA2 was 7.7. In the presence of @entity9006 or of @entity3352 prazosin competitively antagonized the effects of @entity1063 ; the pA2 values were 8.5 and 8.2 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Alpha 1-and alpha 2-adrenoceptors of the circular myometrium from the dioestrous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5554 :: ('MESH:C011386', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoxetine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine', 'phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine', 'Xylazine']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin', 'prazosin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this systematic literature review was to assess the consequences of dual antiplatelet therapy discontinuation on clinical outcomes after @entity1187 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed to identify studies reporting data on @entity1 who discontinued dual antiplatelet therapy (planned or unplanned) following @entity1187 and on the clinical impact of dual antiplatelet therapy discontinuation. To be included, more than 50% of the study population had to have had @entity1187 as their index event or, if less than 50%, outcomes data must have been reported separately for the group with @entity1187 . Thirty publications covering 29 studies were identified for inclusion. There was much heterogeneity across studies regarding the included @entity1 populations, treatment durations and outcome definitions and ascertainments. Dual antiplatelet therapy discontinuation was most commonly based on physician decision. Twenty-six studies reported that @entity1397 was prescribed as part of dual antiplatelet therapy. Dual antiplatelet therapy duration was positively associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (seven/eight studies), cardiovascular mortality (two/two studies), non-fatal @entity583 (two/three studies) and stent @entity715 (five/five studies) in @entity1 and/or @entity1 subgroups in studies without randomised treatment designs, although such associations were not observed in the one study that randomly assigned @entity1 to treatment (i.e. planned discontinuation). CONCLUSIONS: Results from our systematic literature review generally support the benefit of longer-term dual antiplatelet therapy after @entity1187 ; however, further research is needed to determine the optimal length of dual antiplatelet therapy in @entity1 after @entity1187 , ideally using prospective studies.

title: Systematic review of the clinical impact of dual antiplatelet therapy discontinuation after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traffic exhaust, refineries and industrial facilities are major sources of air toxics identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) for their potential risk to @entity1 health. In utero and early life exposures to air toxics such as @entity7935 and @entity8335 , which are known leukemogens in adults, may play an etiologic role in @entity1778 that comprises the majority of @entity5 . We conducted a population based case-control study to examine individual effects of @entity7935 , @entity8335 and polycyclic organic matter (POM) in ambient residential air on @entity981 ( @entity981 ) diagnosed in @entity1 under age 5  years in Texas from 1995-2011. METHODS: Texas Cancer Registry cases were linked to birth records and then were frequency matched by birth month and year to 10 population-based controls. Maternal and @entity1 characteristics from birth certificates were abstracted to obtain information about potential confounders. Modelled estimates of @entity7935 , @entity8335 and POM exposures at the census tract level were assigned by linking geocoded maternal addresses from birth certificates to U.S. EPA National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment data for single and co-pollutant statistical analyses. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were applied to evaluate associations between air toxics and @entity1778 . RESULTS: In adjusted single pollutant models, odds of @entity1778 among mothers with the highest ambient air exposures compared to those in the lowest quartile were 1.11 (95  % CI: 0.94-1.32) for POM, 1.17 (95  % CI: 0.98-1.39) for @entity7935 and 1.29 (95  % CI: 1.08-1.52) for @entity8335 . In co-pollutant models, odds ratios for @entity1778 remained elevated for @entity8335 but were close to the null value for @entity7935 and POM. CONCLUSIONS: We observed positive associations between @entity8335 and @entity1778 in single and co-pollutant models whereas effect estimates from single pollutant models were diminished for @entity7935 and POM in co-pollutant models. Early life exposure to @entity8335 rather than @entity7935 or POM appears to increase early childhood risk of @entity981 .

title: Air toxics and early childhood XXXX in Texas, a population based case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancers']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['childhood leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Accumulating evidences suggest the beneficial effects of fruit-and-vegetable consumption in lowering the risk of various @entity5 , including @entity14 . Herein, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects and associated mechanisms of @entity2722 ( @entity2722 ), a rich source of @entity16377 , against @entity14 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Effects of @entity2722 were examined on @entity1 @entity14 HT29 and LoVo cells in culture for proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. The in vivo effect of oral @entity2722 was examined on HT29 @entity5 xenograft growth in athymic @entity19 . Xenografts were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for proliferation and apoptosis. The molecular changes associated with the biological effects of @entity2722 were analyzed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: @entity2722 (25-100 microg/mL) causes a significant dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell growth with concomitant increase in cell death. @entity2722 induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest along with a marked increase in @entity994 / @entity3544 protein level and a decrease in G1 phase-associated cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. @entity2722 -induced cell death was apoptotic and accompanied by @entity522 activation. @entity2722 feeding to @entity19 at 200 mg/kg dose showed time-dependent inhibition of @entity5 growth without any @entity137 and accounted for 44% decrease in @entity5 volume per @entity19 after 8 weeks of treatment. @entity2722 inhibited cell proliferation but increased apoptotic cell death in @entity5 . @entity5 also showed enhanced @entity994 / @entity3544 protein levels and @entity12874 polymerase cleavage. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2722 may be an effective chemopreventive agent against @entity14 , and that growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of @entity2722 against @entity14 could be mediated via an up-regulation of @entity994 / @entity3544 .

title: Grape seed extract inhibits in vitro and in vivo growth of @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity16377 :: ('MESH:D044945', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidins']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ADP-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'GSE-treated tumors', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity2722 :: ('MESH:D009366', 'Disease') :: ['grape seed extract', 'GSE']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: In pregnant @entity1 with symptomatic @entity2742 , parathyroidectomy should be undertaken during the second trimester. We feel that the @entity1 who is initially diagnosed well into the third trimester should be treated medically unless the @entity2741 worsens or other complications occur. Since the treatment of @entity2742 itself is controversial, it is even more difficult to define the treatment plan for an asymptomatic pregnant @entity1 who has @entity459 . However, a recent consensus panel recommended that young @entity1 with @entity2742 be treated surgically. Accordingly, we believe that the asymptomatic pregnant @entity1 should also be treated surgically, preferably in the second trimester. Whether a @entity1 is treated medically or surgically in these situations, the pregnancy should be considered high-risk. The neonate should be monitored carefully for signs of @entity3747 or impending @entity116 . If the mother is treated medically to term (or if spontaneous or elective abortion occurs), the mother should be monitored for @entity2742 crisis postpartum. Sudden worsening of @entity2741 can result from the loss of the placenta (active placental @entity460 transport may be somewhat protective) and @entity2700 . Finally, every effort should be made to make the definitive diagnosis early in pregnancy in order to initiate optimal management. The diagnosis should be suspected during pregnancy if the following conditions exist: appropriate clinical signs or symptoms (especially @entity1790 or @entity788 ), @entity7494 beyond the first trimester, history of recurrent @entity2208 / @entity2209 or neonatal deaths, neonatal @entity3747 or @entity116 , or a total serum @entity460 concentration greater than 10.1 mg/dL (2.52 mmol/L) or 8.8 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L) during the second or third trimester, respectively.

title: XXXX and pregnancy: case report and review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity7494 :: ('MESH:D006939', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemesis']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism', 'asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism', 'hyperparathyroid']

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['Hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the morphologic parameters of ophthalmoscopically and tomographically normal foveae of the fellow eyes of @entity1 with a unilateral @entity937 ( @entity937 ), other unilateral @entity989 , and healthy eyes. DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Of the 849 subjects studied, 183 eyes were excluded because they had an abnormal vitreofoveal interface that might have affected the foveal thickness. The average regional retinal thicknesses of the Early Treatment @entity6 Study sectors determined by  spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were compared among 160 @entity1 with @entity937 , 175 @entity1 with epiretinal membrane, 145 @entity1 with @entity2994 , and 186 healthy subjects. The @entity308 was quantified as the foveal pit depth divided by the foveal pit diameter. RESULTS: The fovea (1  mm) and central fovea were significantly thinner in the @entity937 group (243 and 192   m) than in the other groups (P < .0001). There were no significant differences in the thickness of the fovea and central fovea among the eyes with epiretinal membrane (254 and 203   m) or @entity2994 (251 and 202   m) or in the healthy group (254 and 201   m). The @entity308 was significantly greater in the @entity937 group (0.063) than in the @entity2994 group (0.059) or in the healthy group (0.058; P  = .014 and P  = .0014, respectively). Multiple regression analyses showed that a thinner fovea and a @entity308 were associated significantly with the presence of @entity937 (P  = .0054 to P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity1 with @entity937 have unique foveal morphologic features that predispose them to @entity937 development.

title: Foveal thickness in healthy fellow eyes of XXXX with unilateral macular holes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['foveal depression', 'deeper foveal depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['macular hole', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate a possible effect of @entity32 on corneal endothelium by describing corneal @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and morphologic variables in eyes with anterior @entity1596 , and to investigate factors that may influence these findings. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. Observers were not masked. @entity1 : Volunteers with histories of unilateral or bilateral anterior segment @entity32 (anterior, intermediate, or @entity5863 ); included were 52 @entity1 (84 eyes with @entity1596 ). METHODS: Endothelial cell density and morphologic variables of both eyes of all study @entity1 were determined by specular microscopy; central corneal thickness was determined by ultrasound pachymetry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Central @entity39074 , coefficient of variability, percentage hexagonality, and central corneal thickness. RESULTS: Central @entity1358 was lower among eyes that had undergone @entity231 or @entity726 surgery or both (n  =  28; P  = 0.0004). After exclusion of eyes with surgery, variables for eyes with @entity1596 (n  = 56) were compared with 2 historical populations of normal, age-matched controls and with @entity735 in individuals with @entity1596 . Central @entity1358 was lower in eyes with @entity1596 than in control eyes for all age groups (P  <= 0.01 for four of six 10-year age intervals compared with the primary control group). Among @entity1 with @entity1596 who had not undergone surgery in either eye (n  = 12), central @entity1358 was lower in eyes with @entity1596 (2324 cells/mm(2) [range, 1543-3289 cells/mm(2)]) than in @entity735 (2812.5 cells/mm(2) [range, 1887-3546 cells/mm(2)]; P  =  0.0005), and percentage hexagonality was lower in eyes with @entity1596 (54% [range, 33%-66%]) than in @entity735 (58.5% [range, 52%-82%]; P  = 0.004). There was no significant difference in central corneal thickness between eyes with and without @entity1596 (P  = 0.27). No eyes had clinically apparent central @entity3279 . Relationships remained unchanged after exclusion of eyes with herpetic anterior @entity1596 . Host and disease-related characteristics were evaluated as risk factors for variations in outcome measures. Central @entity1358 was correlated to the duration of active @entity1596 (r  =  -0.41; P < 0.0001), maximum intraocular pressure during the course of disease (r  =  -0.40; P  = 0.0002), and maximum laser flare photometry value (r  =  -0.26; P  = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Observed relationships suggest that anterior segment @entity32 adversely affects the corneal endothelium. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine whether long-standing anterior @entity1596 increases risk of @entity409 , especially in the setting of intraocular surgery.

title: Corneal Endothelium in XXXX with Anterior Uveitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity39074 :: ('MESH:D055954', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ECD']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial cell density', 'ECD']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral eyes']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Factors to be checked concerning local and systemic condition were studied statistically in order to clarify the methodology for clinical management of @entity6 . @entity2175 (n = 1517) and @entity1723 (n = 30) @entity1 participating in baseline and follow-up examinations were included. The vitreous fluorophotometric values were selected for local check factors. Glycosylated hemoglobin was selected for systemic check factors. To determine the @entity989 status at both the baseline and follow-up examinations, all fundus photographs were graded in a masked fashion, using the author's classification scheme (1983) which specified six levels of @entity989 for each excepted from the interrupted @entity989 . Level 0: no @entity989 , Level 1: microaneurysms only (AI), Level 2: @entity5861 (AII), Level 3: @entity989 (soft exudates, @entity432 and @entity854 ) (BI), Level 4: neovascularization elsewhere (BII), Level 5: neovascularization of the disc (BIII), Level 6: vitreous hemorrhages or proliferative tissue ( @entity3032 , V). A positive correlation between the progression of @entity989 and glycosylated hemoglobin or vitreous fluorophotometric values were observed. The coefficient of correlation was 0.67 between posterior vitreous fluorophotometric values and levels (scores) of @entity989 . The coefficient of correlation was 0.41 between glycosylated hemoglobin and levels of @entity989 . These data suggest that these two factors can predict the progression of @entity6 .

title: [Clinical management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['intraretinal microvascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['microaneurysms and retinal hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'preproliferative retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['increased capillary occlusion']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether progressive retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning is predictive of progressive @entity227 ( @entity227 ) loss in @entity726 . DESIGN: Prospective study. @entity1 : A total of 139 primary @entity1538 @entity1 (240 eyes) followed up for >= 5 years. METHODS: Retinal nerve fiber layer imaging and @entity227 testing were performed at    4-month intervals. Progressive RNFL thinning was determined by event analysis (Guided Progression Analysis [GPA]) and trend analysis (Trend-based Progression Analysis [TPA]) of serial registered RNFL thickness maps. @entity227 progression was detected according to the Early Manifest @entity726 Trial (EMGT) ("likely progression") and pointwise linear regression (PLR) criteria (>= 3 contiguous locations with sensitivity change <0 decibels [dB]/year at P < 0.01). Hazard ratios (HRs) for predicting @entity227 progression were calculated by Cox proportional hazard modeling with progressive RNFL thinning as a time-dependent covariate. The specificity of GPA/TPA for detection of RNFL changes was determined by the proportion of eyes with significant RNFL thinning/thickening in 25 normal subjects followed weekly for 8 consecutive weeks and the proportion with significant RNFL thickening in the @entity726 group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The HRs of @entity227 progression. RESULTS: A total of 65 (27.1%) and 117 eyes (48.8%) had progressive RNFL thinning based on GPA and TPA, respectively, and 30 (12.5%) and 39 eyes (16.3%) had @entity227 progression per the EMGT and PLR criteria, respectively, during follow-up. Eyes with progressive RNFL thinning had lower @entity227 survival estimates and a @entity2194 without. Progressive RNFL thinning predicted the development of @entity227 progression with HRs of 8.44 (95% confidence interval, 3.30-21.61) (EMGT criteria) and 5.11 (2.51-10.42) (PLR criteria) for TPA and 3.95 (1.74-8.93) (EMGT criteria) and 3.81 (1.83-7.92) (PLR criteria) for GPA after controlling for baseline covariates. The specificities of GPA and TPA were 100% (83.4%-100.0%) in the normal group and 81.7% (76.2%-86.4%) and 84.2% (78.9%-88.6%), respectively, in the @entity726 group. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive RNFL thinning determined by GPA and TPA is predictive of detectable functional decline in @entity726 . This finding underscores the significance of detecting progressive RNFL thinning and its  relevance to initiate or augment treatment for @entity726 @entity1 . Regulatory authorities may consider progressive RNFL thinning as an outcome measure in clinical trials for evaluation of @entity726 treatment.

title: Risk of Visual Field Progression in XXXX @entity1 with Progressive Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning: A 5-Year Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['faster decline of visual field index than eyes']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: We performed a double-blind, randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a continuous-infusion brachial plexus block with @entity1343 compared with that of a standard single injection for the management of post-operative @entity158 after surgery on the shoulder. Eight @entity1 were randomised to receive a pre-operative brachial plexus block using 30 ml of @entity1343 0.5% with adrenaline 1:200 000 followed by insertion of a 20-gauge @entity8607 catheter. This was connected to a disposable elastometric pump, set immediately after surgery to administer a continuous flow of @entity1343 0.25% at a rate of 5 ml per hour. The other eight @entity1 were randomised to receive only the initial injection of 30 ml. The study was double-blinded with the aid of sham catheters and clamped pumps. All @entity1 were given regular @entity1443 and were prescribed @entity1286 through a @entity1 -controlled analgesia pump. Motor and sensory block assessments, visual analogue scale @entity158 scores and consumption of @entity1286 were recorded after the operation and then at 6, 12 and 24 hours after administration of the block. Satisfactory motor and sensory block was achieved in all @entity1 . The mean visual analogue scale @entity158 score at 12 hours and consumption of @entity1286 at 24 hours after injection were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the continuous-infusion group. This group also took longer to request their first additional analgesia and reported a significantly higher overall level of satisfaction. Our study has shown that continuous interscalene infusion of @entity1343 is an effective method of post-operative analgesia after major surgery of the shoulder.

title: Continuous interscalene infusion and single injection using XXXX for analgesia after surgery of the shoulder. A double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8607 :: ('CHEBI:61445', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamide']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['levobupivacaine']


abstract: @entity1 endometrium is a dynamic tissue under the influence of numerous hormones, growth factors, and cytokines interacting to maintain a balance of cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. We have previously demonstrated that several factors including @entity687 , extracellular matrix, and @entity134 hormones modulate @entity12 , one of the apoptotic molecules, in @entity1 endometrium. Chemokine ligand 2 ( @entity2842 ), a monocyte chemoattractant and activating factor, is a cytokine involved in endometrial function. @entity2842 is elevated in the peritoneal fluid of @entity1 with @entity46 . We hypothesize that increased levels of @entity2842 in the endometriotic environment may upregulate @entity12 expression in @entity1 endometrial stromal cells and induce a local immunotolerance in @entity46 . To test our hypothesis, we studied the in vitro regulation of @entity12 expression and apoptosis by @entity2842 in endometrial stromal cells. Western blot analysis revealed that @entity2842 upregulated @entity12 protein expression in cultured endometrial stromal cells. Based on semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis, @entity2842 did not alter either FAS or @entity12 mRNA expression in endometrial stromal cells. Immunocytochemistry results from the same cells treated with @entity2842 demonstrated upregulation of @entity12 protein expression. @entity2842 did not change rate of apoptosis in endometrial stromal cells as evaluated by TUNEL assay. However, an increased apoptotic rate was detected in Jurkat (T lymphocytes) cells cocultured with endometrial stromal cells previously treated with @entity2842 . We speculate that increased @entity12 expression by @entity2842 may induce apoptosis of T lymphocytes and thus produce an immunotolerant environment for the development of ectopic implants.

title: Regulation of XXXX expression by chemokine ligand 2 in @entity1 endometrial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity12 :: (356,Gene) :: ['FAS ligand']


abstract: In this study a new modification of the systemic 2-stage carcinogenesis experiment is described. @entity5 were induced in NMRI- @entity19 using a single intravaginal application of the carcinogen @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) (initiator) followed by intravaginal treatment with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) (promotor) as a cocarcinogen over a period of 52 weeks. The substances were applied using small tampons. Development of @entity1613 or @entity5 was not found in the group of untreated control animals (n = 50) and in @entity865 treated animals (n = 50). However, @entity19 which had been treated with @entity865 alone showed pronounced @entity1373 . When @entity106 was applied without subsequent treatment with @entity865 (n = 100), formation of @entity1613 was frequently observed. Fibroepitheliomas ( @entity1185 ), @entity189 and @entity242 , typically located intravaginally and at the external region of the vagina, were observed after the combined treatment with @entity106 and @entity865 (n = 100). In addition, benign as well as @entity5 were found, mainly in the forestomach, in @entity106 treated animals and more frequently after application of @entity106 and @entity865 . @entity2 were identified more frequently in comparison to the normal spontaneous @entity5 rate in NMRI @entity19 , and were probably in part caused by the promoting substance @entity865 . On the other hand, no significant @entity5 formation in the mammary gland and in the ovaries was observed after @entity106 / @entity865 application. The @entity5 observed in these organs were, however, caused by treatment with the carcinogen @entity106 only. This new modification of the 2-stage experiment, i.e. the direct intravaginal application of initiating and promoting substances, has special relevance for the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the development of @entity189 located at the portio vaginalis uteri in @entity1 .

title: Two-stage carcinogenesis in NMRI XXXX : intravaginal application of @entity3653 as initiator followed by the phorbol ester @entity864 as promoter.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumor', 'neoplasias', 'tumors', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors of the lung and leukemias']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: We have observed T helper type 2 (Th2) polarization of systemic immunity in @entity1 with metastatic @entity320 . We hypothesized that similar changes in systemic immunity occur with ageing and may be permissive for the development of @entity320 . We analysed the peripheral blood of 389 healthy blood donors. All subjects were profiled for peripheral blood T cell and B cell subsets, and 58 of these subjects were profiled for antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell subsets [cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ), influenza and @entity320 antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1)]. Ninety-five separate healthy subjects underwent profiling of 42 plasma cytokines. Ageing was associated positively with @entity404 (+) CD294(+) Th2 cells, and associated negatively with CD3(+) T cells, cytotoxic T cells and T helper cells. Ageing was also associated negatively with @entity2834 -, influenza- and MART-1-specific naive and CD8(+) T cells. There were significant increases in plasma @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) ( @entity38458 ) and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted ( @entity5737 ) ( @entity5737 ) with age. We observed differences in cytokine profiles between males and females; specifically, @entity1 had higher levels of sCD40L and PDGF-AA. In summary, we demonstrated in healthy blood donors that ageing was associated with an increase in cellular Th2 bias and a decline in total numbers of T cells. Additionally, there was an increase in @entity2842 and @entity5737 with ageing. @entity1 had higher levels of sCD40L and PDGF-AA than @entity1 .

title: Normal ageing is associated with an increase in Th2 cells, XXXX ( @entity38458 ) and @entity5737 ( @entity5737 ), with differences in sCD40L and PDGF-AA between sexes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemotactic protein 1']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity2842 :: (6347,Gene) :: ['MCP-1']


abstract: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) is a prognostic factor and a marker of deficient mismatch repair (MMR) in @entity14 ( @entity14 ). However, a proper application of this marker requires understanding the following: (1) The @entity124 concept: The PCR approach must amplify the correct locus and accurately identify the microsatellite pattern in the @entity1 's normal tissue. @entity124 is demonstrated when the length of DNA sequences in a @entity5 differs from that of nontumor tissue. Any anomalous expansion or reduction of tandem repeats results in extra-bands normally located in the expected size range (100 bp, above or below the expected product), differ from the germline pattern by some multiple of the repeating unit, and must show appropriate stutter. (2) @entity124 mechanisms: MMR gene inactivation (by either mutation or protein down-regulation as frequently present in deep @entity14 compartments) leads to mutation accumulation in a cell with every cellular division, resulting in malignant transformation. These mechanisms can express @entity5 progression and result in a decreased prevalence of aneuploid cells and loss of the physiologic cell kinetic correlations in the deep @entity14 compartments. @entity124 molecular mechanisms are not necessarily independent from chromosomal instability and may coexist in a given @entity14 . (3) Because of intratumoural heterogeneity, at least two samples from each @entity14 should be screened, preferably from the superficial ( @entity5 cells above the muscularis propria) and deep ( @entity5 cells infiltrating the muscularis propria) @entity14 compartments to cover the topographic @entity5 heterogeneity. (4) Pathologists play a critical role in identifying microsatellite-unstable @entity14 , such as occur in young @entity1 with @entity5 or with @entity5 showing classic histologic features. In these cases, @entity124 testing and/or MMR immunohistochemistry are advisable, along with gene sequencing and genetic counseling if appropriate. @entity124 is an excellent functional and prognostically useful marker, whereas MMR immunohistochemistry can guide gene sequencing.

title: @entity5 profile and mismatch repair defects in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability', 'MSI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'synchronous or metachronous tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinomas']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity210 increases with age. Up to 7% of @entity1 > 65 and 3% of @entity1 > 85 have @entity210 . Risk of @entity210 increases significantly with increasing serum @entity414 levels. @entity167 consumption and @entity10043 -rich foods such as red meat and seafood increase the risk of incident @entity210 significantly. Loop and @entity2740 diuretics are also associated with increased risk. Gout is frequently associated with the @entity209 . @entity2700 , increasing @entity1011 levels, and surgery are also known to precipitate flares. Acute @entity210 manifests as severe joint @entity158 , of rapid onset, reaching maximal intensity within a few hours. Gout has a predilection for lower extremity joints. It often starts at the first metatarsophalangeal joint, a condition termed podagra. Other common sites of gouty flares include: @entity2720 ; ankle; knee; wrist; small joints of the hands; Achilles tendon; and olecranon bursae. The joint affected is usually hot, red, swollen and very painful. This is often associated with skin erythema. Identification of MSU crystals in the synovial fluid of an inflamed joint or from tophi allows a definite diagnosis of @entity210 to be made. Hyperuricaemia does not confirm or exclude @entity210 as most @entity1 with hyperuricaemia are asymptomatic, while serum @entity414 levels tend to decrease during acute attacks. Short-acting NSAIDs should be used at maximal dose as first drug of choice if not contraindicated. In @entity1 at risk of @entity532 , co-prescription of a proton pump inhibitor or the use of @entity2247 selective agents should be considered. Colchicine can be particularly useful in @entity1 with @entity712 in whom NSAIDs are contraindicated but should be avoided in @entity1 with severe @entity8 . Joint aspiration and injection of intra-articular @entity230 is one of the most effective ways of treating @entity697 . @entity414 lowering therapy is initiated if a @entity1 suffers two or more attacks in one year. Many rheumatologists will start this therapy in hyperuricaemic @entity1 whose first attack is very severe or in @entity210 .

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['Dehydration']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute monoarthritic gout']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['GI complications']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['gout', 'polyarticular gout']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tarsal and subtalar joints']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid', 'Uric acid']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review all cases in the literature of @entity2681 associated with @entity118 ( @entity118 ) occluder devices. BACKGROUND: Delayed @entity2681 of the aortic or atrial wall is an infrequent but potentially lethal complication of percutaneous @entity1757 closure using an @entity118 device. The epidemiology is poorly understood. METHODS: The MEDLINE database was searched for cases of @entity118 occluder device-associated @entity2681 . RESULTS: Twenty-five articles present @entity2681 events associated with the AMPLATZER    septal occluder (ASO) device (March 2002-June 2011), documenting 21 independent, surgically confirmed cases. Another 79 distinct events are reported in case series and review articles. Of all identified independent cases, 73 were reported in the United States. No articles associate the HELEX    Septal occluder and @entity2681 . Additional events are reported in association with FDA-unapproved percutaneous defect closure devices (n = 16). Estimation of ASO @entity2681 incidence is unreliable because the numerator (number of @entity2681 events) and denominator (number of @entity1 with an implanted device) are unknown; estimates range from 0.1 to 0.3%. CONCLUSION: @entity299 is a rare but serious complication of the ASO device. Erosion events are most often ascribed to device over-sizing or deficient retro-aortic rims; however, both consensus and evidence for a cogent risk factor(s) is lacking. Further assessment of the root cause of @entity2681 and true incidence of this complication is required; analyses using control @entity1 and/or device registry establishment represent logical next steps.

title: Percutaneous @entity118 and XXXX : a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosions', 'erosion']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['septal defect']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac erosion']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac erosion']


abstract: Traumatic @entity1755 is @entity397 of all or part of the aortic wall, mostly resulting from blunt @entity764 . The most common site of @entity397 is the aortic isthmus. @entity397 of the ascending aorta is rare. A 62-year-old @entity1 with a family history of ascending @entity449 was referred to our hospital after a motor vehicle accident. He had symptoms of @entity1455 . A contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan revealed @entity397 of the proximal ascending aorta and an ascending @entity449 with a diameter of 55 mm at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva. Transthoracic echocardiography at the bedside revealed severe aortic @entity340 . We performed a successful Bentall procedure. During postoperative recovery, the @entity1 experienced a @entity64 . Transesophageal echocardiography did not reveal @entity715 of the mechanical prosthesis. The @entity1 's symptoms resolved in time, and he was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 47 without any sequelae. He has been symptom free during a 6-month follow-up period. We suggest that individuals who have experienced blunt @entity764 and have symptoms of traumatic @entity1755 and a known medical history of ascending @entity449 should be evaluated for a @entity397 at the ascending aorta and the aortic isthmus.

title: Management of Traumatic Aortic and Splenic Rupture in a XXXX With @entity449 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['trauma to the chest']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of administration of recombinant @entity1 (rh) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) for evaluation of thyroid function in euthyroid @entity840 ( @entity840 ). DESIGN: Prospective, experimental study. ANIMALS: 10 healthy, sexually intact, pet @entity840 (approx 1 year of age). PROCEDURES: @entity840 were given rhTSH (100  g, IM); plasma @entity1955 concentrations were determined prior to and 3 and 4 hours after rhTSH injection. The animals were housed in 2 groups on the basis of sex and fed different commercial maintenance diets according to their husbandry. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in @entity1955 concentrations between males and females before or after rhTSH injection. There was also no difference between @entity1955 concentrations at 3 versus 4 hours after rhTSH injection. There was a significant difference between @entity1955 concentrations before (median, 9.05 nmol/L [0.70  g/dL]; 10% to 90% range, 7.39 to 16.99 nmol/L [0.57 to 1.32  g/dL]) and after (mean    SD, 23.95    4.2 nmol/L) rhTSH injection. Euthyroid @entity840 had plasma @entity1955 concentrations of at least 7.30 nmol/L (0.57  g/dL) and an increase of at least 2.6 times prestimulation @entity1955 concentrations at 3 or 4 hours after stimulation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results suggested that rhTSH administered IM can be used for the TSH stimulation testing in @entity840 . We suggest @entity1955 concentration in a euthyroid @entity840 should at least double 3 to 4 hours after rhTSH injection.

title: Use of recombinant @entity1 thyroid-stimulating hormone for evaluation of thyroid function in @entity840 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pigs', 'guinea pigs', 'Cavia porcellus', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['Cavia porcellus']


abstract: A 76-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of exertional @entity1353 and leg @entity4 during the previous month. Her systolic blood pressure on admission was 80 mmHg with 12 mmHg of pulsus paradoxous, and her pulse rate was 110 beats/min. Chest radiography revealed marked @entity1283 and echocardiography showed massive @entity2294 mainly behind the left ventricle and collapse of the right ventricle. The initial diagnosis was @entity2293 . Pericardiocentesis and pericardial drainage revealed @entity2294 . After drainage, her vital signs improved and her symptoms immediately disappeared. The cytological analysis of the @entity2294 revealed @entity706 cells. Computed tomography of the neck, chest and abdomen showed no evidence of @entity5 masses, @entity1600 , or @entity828 . @entity166 , @entity1413 and @entity1580 were excluded. The final diagnosis was primary @entity30807 . The prognosis of primary @entity30807 is generally unfavorable because it is frequently accompanied by @entity1200 . However, there was no @entity1 @entity778 in this @entity1 . Fortunately, the effect of chemotherapy was excellent and the @entity1 is doing well 1 year after the diagnosis.

title: [Primary XXXX complicating cardiac tamponade: a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency virus infection']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial tamponade']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['bloody pericardial effusion', 'pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['numerous lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity30807 :: ('MESH:D054685', 'Disease') :: ['effusion lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency disease']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen disease']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity30807 :: (MESH:D054685,Disease) :: ['effusion lymphoma']


abstract: Excessive neutrophil infiltration to the lungs is a hallmark of @entity647 ( @entity647 ). Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-factor 8 ( @entity20900 ) was originally identified for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Subsequent studies revealed its diverse cellular functions. However, whether @entity20900 can regulate neutrophil function to alleviate @entity32 is unknown. We therefore aimed to reveal @entity20900 roles in regulating lung neutrophil infiltration during @entity647 . To induce @entity647 , C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and @entity20900 (-/-) @entity19 were intratracheally injected with @entity558 (5 mg/kg). Lung tissue damage was assessed by histology, and the neutrophils were counted by a hemacytometer. Apoptotic cells in lungs were determined by TUNEL, whereas @entity36765 activities were assessed spectrophotometrically. @entity18510 and @entity20509 expressions in neutrophils were measured by flow cytometry. Following @entity558 challenge, @entity20900 (-/-) @entity19 exhibited extensive @entity358 due to exaggerated infiltration of neutrophils and production of @entity637 , @entity9701 , and @entity10873 . An increased number of apoptotic cells was trapped into the lungs of @entity20900 (-/-) @entity19 compared with WT @entity19 , which may be due to insufficient phagocytosis of apoptotic cells or increased occurrence of apoptosis through the activation of @entity185 . In vitro studies using @entity9701 -mediated chemotaxis revealed higher migration of neutrophils of @entity20900 (-/-) @entity19 than those of WT @entity19 via increased surface exposures to @entity18510 . Administration of recombinant @entity19 @entity20900 reduces neutrophil migration through upregulation of @entity20509 and downregulation of surface @entity18510 expression. Conversely, these effects could be blocked by anti-a(v) integrin Abs. These studies clearly indicate the importance of @entity20900 in ameliorating neutrophil infiltration and suggest @entity20900 as a novel therapeutic potential for @entity647 .

title: Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor 8 attenuates neutrophil infiltration in XXXX via modulation of @entity18510 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity20509 :: ('110355(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GRK2', 'G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung damage']

entities_list: @entity36765 :: ('12367;17523', 'Gene') :: ['caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is a disorder progressing to end-stage @entity177 . Early diagnosis and treatment are important for medical care. The aim of this prospective study was to define the strain index (SI) and resistivity index (RI) values in the same @entity740 group for each kidney separately at the same time, and also to compare the efficacy of SI and RI in the differentiation of normal population and @entity740 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Toshiba Aplio 500 USG device and 3.5-5  MHz convex probe were used for USG, CDUSG, and USG elastography examinations. The @entity1 were referred to radiology clinique from nephrology and endocrinology cliniques after GFR calculation. @entity1 with @entity703 , or obstructive @entity8 were excluded. Healthy volunteers according to laboratory and clinical examinations were selected from @entity8 @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 121 @entity740 (68 @entity1 , 53 @entity1 ) and 40 healthy volunteers (19 @entity1 , 21 @entity1 ) were participated. The mean SI and RI values of @entity740 were significantly higher than the normal healthy volunteers (p  <  0.05). The SI and RI values of right and left kidney did not show any difference in @entity740 @entity1 (p values were 0.381 for SI and 0.821 for RI). The sensitivity and the specificity of the SI were higher than RI. CONCLUSION: The RI and SI values of kidneys in @entity740 @entity1 were significantly higher than those of apparently normal kidneys. SI was more sensitive than RI in our study. Determining cut-off SI and RI values between normal and damaged renal parenchyma can help in the diagnosis and follow up of @entity740 @entity1 . ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing RI and SI in @entity740 @entity1 , and SI is found to be more sensitive than RI for the evaluation of @entity740 .

title: The comparison of resistivity index and strain index values in the ultrasonographic evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'non-kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cyst, tumor']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Whether intra- and early post-partum @entity548 is influenced by @entity6910 blood groups remains unknown. Therefore, we compared @entity1 with O to non-O blood groups with regard to maternal post-partum @entity548 and transfusion need. This retrospective study was conducted in a single tertiary center between 2005 and 2014. For the purpose of the study, parturients were categorized as O and non-O blood groups. Data included all deliveries but excluded @entity1 with missing blood grouping or hemoglobin values, and/or @entity2209 . Drop in hemoglobin was defined as hemoglobin concentration at admission for delivery minus lowest hemoglobin concentration post-delivery. Study outcomes were postpartum @entity548 , hemoglobin drop >2-7  g/dL inclusive, and packed red blood cells transfusion. STATISTICS: descriptive,   (2) (p  <  0.05 significant) and multivariable regression models [odds ratio (OR), 95  % confidence interval (CI), p value]. 125,768 deliveries were included. After multivariable analysis, @entity1 with O blood type relative to @entity1 with non-O blood type had significantly higher odds of postpartum @entity548 (OR 1.14; 95  % CI 1.05-1.23, p  <  0.001), higher odds of statistically significant hemoglobin decreases of >2, 3, or 4  g/dL (OR 1.07; 95  % CI 1.04-1.11, p  <  0.001, OR 1.08; 95  % CI 1.03-1.14, p  =  0.002, OR 1.14; 95  % CI 1.05-1.23, p  =  0.001; respectively), and higher odds, albeit not statistically significant of 5, 6, or 7  g/dL decreases in hemoglobin (OR 1.13; 95  % CI 1.00-1.29, p  =  0.055, OR 1.05; 95  % CI 0.84-1.32, p  =  0.66, OR 1.15; 95  % CI 0.79-1.68, p  =  0.46; respectively), but no difference in blood products transfusion (OR 1.03; 95  % CI 0.92-1.16, p  =  0.58). In conclusion, @entity1 with blood type O may be at greater risk of obstetrical @entity548 .

title: The association between XXXX and @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity6910 :: (28,Gene) :: ['ABO blood group']


abstract: The majority of @entity1 with advanced-stage germ-cell @entity5 are curable by @entity900 -based chemotherapy, but about 10% of those in the good-risk and 30%-50% in the poor-risk groups will experience relapse. @entity1 in first relapse have a 60% chance of entering a second complete remission and a 15%-25% probability that it will be durable. Regimens of high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell support have been developed specifically for this @entity1 population; they are usually based on combinations of @entity2879 , @entity786 , @entity1260 and, originally, double-dose @entity900 or, nowadays, high-dose @entity3003 . The role of high-dose chemotherapy was studied initially in salvage and later in first-line treatment. Four hundred thirty-six @entity1 who received high-dose salvage chemotherapy have been reported, 96 (22%) of whom have obtained long-term complete remissions. Prognostic factors for outcome were disease status (absolute refractory, refractory or @entity66 ), primary @entity5 site, response to prior chemotherapy and serum @entity3566 levels prior to high-dose treatment. @entity1 with no adverse prognostic factors have a greater than 50% chance of cure after high-dose treatment. @entity1 with refractory disease did not benefit from high-dose chemotherapy. A randomized European trial is ongoing to evaluate prospectively the role of high-dose chemotherapy in comparison to standard @entity1260 -based salvage treatment. In first-line consolidation treatment of poor-risk non-seminomatous @entity2971 , the results of phase II trials with @entity3003 -based high-dose therapy are in favor of a survival impact when compared to historical controls. A prospective randomized trial is ongoing in the US to study the role of @entity3003 -based high-dose consolidation treatment. The only prospective trial comparing a @entity900 -based high-dose treatment to standard chemotherapy failed to demonstrate any survival advantage for the high-dose procedure in this setting. New developments include the use of repeated cycles of high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem-cell support and the introduction of @entity1311 , a new active drug in this disease, and other non-cross-resistant cytotoxic agents in high-dose combination regimes.

title: High-dose chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['sensitive diseases']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ-cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['germ-cell tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent findings of @entity3965 in African apes have changed our perspectives on the evolution of @entity4801 in hominids. However, phylogenetic analyses of primate @entity311 are still missing information from Southeast Asian apes. In this study, we report molecular data for a @entity311 parasite lineage found in @entity17055 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We screened twenty-four blood samples from @entity17055 (Kalimantan, Indonesia) for @entity3965 parasites by PCR. For all the @entity311 positive @entity17055 samples, parasite mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) and two antigens: merozoite surface protein 1 42 kDa (MSP-1(42)) and circumsporozoite protein gene (CSP) were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Fifteen @entity17055 tested positive and yielded 5 distinct mitochondrial haplotypes not previously found. The haplotypes detected exhibited low genetic divergence among them, indicating that they belong to one species. We report phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial genomes, MSP-1(42) and CSP. We found that the @entity17055 @entity311 parasite lineage was part of a monophyletic group that includes all the known non- @entity1 primate @entity311 parasites found in Southeast Asia; specifically, it shares a recent common ancestor with P. inui (a macaque parasite) and P. hylobati (a gibbon parasite) suggesting that this lineage originated as a result of a host switch. The genetic diversity of MSP-1(42) in @entity17055 seems to be under negative selection. This result is similar to previous findings in non- @entity1 primate @entity311 closely related to @entity3965 . As has been previously observed in the other @entity3965 species found in non- @entity1 primates, the CSP shows high polymorphism in the number of repeats. However, it has clearly distinctive motifs from those previously found in other @entity4801 . CONCLUSION: The evidence available from Asian apes indicates that these parasites originated independently from those found in Africa, likely as the result of host switches from other non- @entity1 primates.

title: The origin of @entity4801 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17055 :: ('9600', 'Species') :: ['Pongo pygmaeus', 'orangutans', 'orangutan']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['P. vivax', 'Plasmodium']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['malarial parasites']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['malarias', 'malaria']

answer: @entity17055 :: (9600,Species) :: ['orangutans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To isolate the @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) phage model peptides from phage 12-mer display peptide library to inhibit the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts. METHODS: The phage display 12-mer peptide library was screened for 4 rounds with monoclonal anti-human @entity2533 as the target to yield the specific phage model peptides. The @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay was used for the quantitative determination of cellular proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by the @entity4404 - @entity2823 /PI apoptosis detection kit and the cells were analyzed with flow cytometry. Immunofluorescent assay was employed to show the binding affinity of model peptides for keloid fibroblasts. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the expressions of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and @entity12020 ( @entity12020 ). RESULTS: Ten phage model peptides were obtained and they were similar to @entity2533 , @entity6474 , @entity2534 (TbRII), TGF-b-induced factor, NF-kB or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The results of @entity98 showed that four phage model peptides (No. 7 - 10) could inhibit the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts (P < 0.05). The results of apoptotic assessment showed that phage model peptides (No. 7 - 10) could slightly trigger the late apoptotic stage of keloid fibroblasts. The data of immunofluorescence assay revealed that the model peptides on phages rather than phages could bind to keloid fibroblasts. The findings of quantitative real-time PCR analysis suggested that the relative expression of NF-kB decreased in phage model peptides groups (No. 7 - 10). The quantitative expression was 0.28, 0.26, 0.46 and 0.30 respectively versus the negative control group. The relative expression of @entity12020 decreased in phage model peptides groups (No. 7 - 10). The quantitative expression was 0.26, 0.60, 0.34 and 0.17 respectively versus the negative control group. CONCLUSION: Four phage model peptides (No. 7 - 10) isolated from phage display 12-mer peptide library can inhibit the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts via regulating the expressions of NF-kB and @entity12020 .

title: [Study of XXXX phage model peptides on inhibiting keloid fibroblasts proliferation].

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b1', 'transforming growth factor-beta 1']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity12020 :: ('1490', 'Gene') :: ['CTGF', 'connective tissue growth factor']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-b1']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to identify candidate proteins for @entity5 markers to predict the response to @entity4562 treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We did two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis to create the protein expression profile of @entity2220 tissues from @entity1 who showed a different response to @entity4562 treatment. We used a support vector machine algorithm to select the proteins that best distinguished 31 responders from 16 nonresponders. The prediction performance of the selected spots was validated by an external sample set, including six responders and eight nonresponders. The results were validated using specific antibodies. RESULTS: We selected nine proteins that distinguish responders from nonresponders. The predictive performance of the nine proteins was validated examining an additional six responders and eight nonresponders, resulting in positive and negative predictive values of 100% (six of six) and 87.5% (seven of eight), respectively. The differential expression of one of the nine proteins, heart-type @entity844 -binding protein, was successfully validated by ELISA. We also identified 12 proteins as a signature to distinguish @entity5 based on their @entity470 gene mutation status. CONCLUSIONS: Study of these proteins may contribute to the development of personalized therapy for @entity2 @entity1 .

title: Proteomic signature corresponding to the response to @entity4562 (Iressa, XXXX ), an @entity470 tyrosine kinase inhibitor in @entity2220 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['ZD1839']


abstract: We evaluated, retrospectively, the outcome of 56 @entity1 (39 male, 17 female; mean age, 34 years; age range, 14-65 years) who received @entity500 for either @entity134 -resistant (group A, n = 10) or @entity134 -dependent (group B, n = 46) @entity31 . The @entity1 were followed for a mean of 29 +/- 17 months (median, 27 months). Twenty-four had left-sided @entity1960 , 5 had @entity1960 , and 27 had total @entity1960 . The mean duration of the disease was 51 months (range, 2-192 months). At the beginning of @entity500 treatment (time 0), all @entity1 had clinically severe disease and were taking 40 mg @entity617 per day. @entity500 was used in addition to @entity134 therapy at a dosage of 2 mg/kg. The need for @entity230 , expressed as the median cumulative @entity134 dose (mg/year), and the number of clinical relapses (requiring @entity134 therapy) in the 2 years before @entity500 treatment, were compared with those of the 3-year follow-up with @entity500 treatment. A positive response to @entity500 was defined as (a) avoidance of colectomy, (b) a significant decrease in the median cumulative @entity134 dose, and (c) a significant decrease in the number of clinical relapses (expressed as number/ @entity1 /year). One @entity1 in group A withdrew due to @entity158 , and two @entity1 in group B were lost to follow-up. Remission with complete elimination of @entity230 was achieved in 36 of 53 (64%), 23 of 35 (66%), and 18 of 26 (69%) @entity1 in the first, second, and third years, respectively, of @entity500 treatment. Compared with the 2 years before @entity500 treatment, a significant decrease was observed of about 75% both in @entity134 consumption and in the number of clinical relapses during the 3 years of @entity500 therapy. Two of nine @entity1 in group A and 2 of 44 @entity1 in group B had colectomy after mean periods of 15 months and 24 months, respectively. @entity500 is effective and safe in avoiding colectomy in @entity1 with @entity134 -resistant and @entity134 -dependent @entity31 ; its use decreases both @entity134 requirements and clinical relapses.

title: XXXX in @entity134 -resistant and @entity134 -dependent @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine', 'azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'subtotal colitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['Azathioprine']