abstract: The purpose of this prospective clinical trial was an attempt to find an effective and relatively non-toxic schedule for @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 who decline to receive aggressive cytotoxic chemotherapy. A total of 36 @entity1 with disseminated @entity0 were treated with @entity2664 8 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) day 1, @entity4181 400 mg/m2 in a 2-h i.v. infusion with @entity1487 500 mg/m2 as an i.v. bolus 1 h later, days 1 and 8 at 3-week intervals plus @entity229 20 mg/m2 orally daily with diminishing doses over several weeks. Objective regressions were observed in 24/36 (67%) @entity1 , 9 being complete (25%). Responses were seen at all disease sites, mainly @entity409 . The median duration of response was 8 months (range 4-25+) and the median survival 12 months (range 3-26+). Myelosuppression, mainly @entity1210 and @entity882 , was the major @entity137 but without complications. Other @entity137 included mild or moderate @entity1209 (50%), @entity3136 (33%) and @entity294 (11%). Alopecia was minimal. No cases of @entity1370 were detected. The substantial response rate obtained with this relatively well tolerated regimen against advanced @entity0 warrants its assessment in a larger number of @entity1 .

title: @entity2664 , @entity4181 , @entity1487 and XXXX as first-line chemotherapy for advanced @entity0 . A phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['pleural/lung, bone and liver']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and/or vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: Elevated or reduced velocity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) has been associated with @entity1645 (CMI). Thus, quantification of hydrodynamic parameters that describe the CSF dynamics could help assess disease severity and surgical outcome. In this study, we describe the methodology to quantify CSF hydrodynamic parameters near the CVJ and upper cervical spine utilizing subject-specific @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) simulations based on in vivo MRI measurements of flow and geometry. Hydrodynamic parameters were computed for a healthy subject and two CMI @entity1 both pre- and post-decompression surgery to determine the differences between cases. For the first time, we present the methods to quantify @entity3057 ( @entity3057 ) to CSF motion, a subject-specific hydrodynamic parameter that may have value to help quantify the CSF flow blockage severity in CMI. In addition, the following hydrodynamic parameters were quantified for each case: maximum velocity in systole and diastole, Reynolds and Womersley number, and peak pressure drop during the CSF cardiac flow cycle. The following geometric parameters were quantified: cross-sectional area and hydraulic diameter of the spinal subarachnoid space (SAS). The mean values of the geometric parameters increased post-surgically for the CMI models, but remained smaller than the healthy volunteer. All hydrodynamic parameters, except pressure drop, decreased post-surgically for the CMI @entity1 , but remained greater than in the healthy case. Peak pressure drop alterations were mixed. To our knowledge this study represents the first subject-specific @entity5173 simulation of CMI decompression surgery and quantification of @entity3057 in the CSF space. Further study in a larger @entity1 and control group is needed to determine if the presented geometric and/or hydrodynamic parameters are helpful for surgical planning.

title: Hydrodynamic and @entity3057 analysis of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics at the craniovertebral junction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'computational fluid dynamics']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['type I Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal impedance', 'LI']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['type I Chiari malformation']


abstract: Pulmonary function and disease activity were assessed in a large series of @entity1 with @entity2012 (19 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ). Large lungs, defined as a vital capacity greater than 120 per cent of predicted normal occurred in six of 19 males and six of 16 females. Ten of the 12 @entity1 with elevated vital capacity had active disease ( @entity2124 greater than 5 mU/l during a @entity413 tolerance test). There was no association with duration of disease. Diffusing capacity was normal overall but DLCO greater than 120 per cent occurred in six of 14 females and one of 18 males. Significant intrathoracic airflow obstruction occurred in eight of 35 @entity1 , six of whom were nonsmokers. Upper (extrathoracic) airflow obstruction was the most common @entity358 . A maximal expiratory/inspiratory flow ratio greater than 1.0 at 50 per cent vital capacity occurred in 13 of 18 males and four of 16 female @entity1 , and there was an association with disease activity (17 of 25 subjects with active disease had upper airflow obstruction compared to one of nine in remission; p = 0.01). Nocturnal hypoxaemia occurred in three of 13 @entity1 studied: six of this group had @entity1224 . They were all male with elevated @entity2124 levels and upper airflow obstruction. In summary, in 35 acromegalics (26 with active disease), large lungs occurred in 12 @entity1 (34 per cent) and upper airflow obstruction in 17 @entity1 (50 per cent). The latter may develop @entity7965 --this was seen in three of six @entity1 with upper airflow obstruction. @entity1224 was more common in males (13 of 18 compared to four of 16 females; p = 0.04) and its presence in males should arouse suspicion of @entity7965 .

title: Upper airflow obstruction and pulmonary function in XXXX : relationship to disease activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary function abnormality']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal hypoxaemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['upper airways obstruction', 'Upper airways obstruction']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate feasibility, safety, tolerance, and efficacy of drug-eluting beads loaded with @entity2600 (DEBIRI) in combination with @entity416 in the treatment of mCRC refractory to chemotherapy in @entity1 affected by liver predominant @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 affected by CRC hepatic @entity3 with liver-dominant disease, who had progression after two or more lines of chemotherapy, were enrolled. @entity3375 with 100  mg of Irinotecan loaded into 2-ml of 70-150    m drug-eluting beads was administrated every 4  weeks in @entity1 with unilobar disease (2 treatments) and every 2  weeks in @entity1 with bilobar disease (4 treatments). All @entity1 assumed @entity416 1000  mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14 every 3  weeks, until disease progression. Primary endpoints were safety, tolerance and overall disease control (ODC); secondary endpoints were progression free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: A total of 54 treatments were performed (54/66, 82  %). No intra/peri-procedural @entity204 occurred. During the mean follow-up of 11  months, two partial responses (PR) were reported with ODC of 60  % (2 PR  +  10 stable disease). PFS and @entity1349 were 4 and 7.3  months, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that @entity1 presenting with @entity984 wild-type, good ECOG performance status and unilobar disease had a better prognosis. Only performance status (ECOG) correlated with @entity1349 in multivariate analysis (p  =  0.03). CONCLUSION: DEBIRI with @entity416 seem to be a safe, technically feasible and well-tolerated treatment in chemotherapy refractory liver prevalent colorectal metastases.

title: Trans-Arterial Chemoembolization with Irinotecan-Loaded Drug-Eluting Beads (DEBIRI) and XXXX in Refractory Liver Prevalent Colorectal Metastases: A Phase II Single-Center Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['Capecitabine']


abstract: We have previously recorded a decreased @entity26 tension and blood flow in syngeneically transplanted @entity35 pancreatic islets. The present study related measurements of @entity26 tension and blood flow to the vascular density in such grafts implanted beneath the renal capsule. We also evaluated whether transplanted fetal islets are better revascularized than adult islets, and if the degree of revascularization is directly related to the islet @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) production. Tissue @entity4095 was measured using Clark microelectrodes, whereas islet graft blood flow was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry. The vascular density of endogenous and transplanted islets was quantified in histological specimens stained with the lectin Bandeiraea simplicifolia (BS-1). Tissue @entity4095 in the transplanted adult and fetal islet grafts was similar and markedly lower than in the endogenous islets. The blood perfusion of both the adult and fetal islet grafts was 60-65% of that in the renal cortex. Administration of @entity413 did not affect tissue @entity4095 in either the endogenous or transplanted islets, nor graft blood perfusion. The number of capillaries found in the transplanted adult and fetal islets was similar and markedly lower than in endogenous islets. However, in the connective tissue stroma, which constituted approximately 20% of all islet grafts, the vascular density was higher than in the corresponding endocrine parts of these grafts. Incubated adult islets released higher amounts of @entity6667 than fetal islets. In conclusion, the previously described low @entity26 tension of syngeneically transplanted adult @entity35 islets is related to a low vascular density. Similar low @entity26 tension and vascular density are seen in grafted fetal islets. The amount of @entity6667 production does not correlate to the degree of revascularization of the grafts.

title: @entity26 tension and blood flow in relation to revascularization in transplanted adult and fetal XXXX pancreatic islets.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['D-glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimum duration of first-line treatment with chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 is unknown. The CAIRO3 study was designed to determine the efficacy of maintenance treatment with @entity416 plus bevacizumab versus observation. METHODS: In this open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled trial, we recruited @entity1 in 64 hospitals in the Netherlands. We included @entity1 older than 18 years with previously untreated metastatic @entity14 , with stable disease or better after induction treatment with six 3-weekly cycles of @entity416 , @entity901 , and bevacizumab (CAPOX-B), WHO performance status of 0 or 1, and adequate bone marrow, liver, and renal function. @entity1 were randomly assigned (1:1) to either maintenance treatment with @entity416 and bevacizumab (maintenance group) or observation (observation group). Randomisation was done centrally by minimisation, with stratification according to previous adjuvant chemotherapy, response to induction treatment, WHO performance status, serum @entity880 dehydrogenase concentration, and treatment centre. Both @entity1 and investigators were aware of treatment assignment. We assessed disease status every 9 weeks. On first progression (defined as PFS1), @entity1 in both groups were to receive the induction regimen of CAPOX-B until second progression ( @entity16450 ), which was the study's primary endpoint. All endpoints were calculated from the time of randomisation. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00442637. FINDINGS: Between May 30, 2007, and Oct 15, 2012, we randomly assigned 558 @entity1 to either the maintenance group (n=279) or the observation group (n=279). Median follow-up was 48 months (IQR 36-57). The primary endpoint of median @entity16450 was significantly improved in @entity1 on maintenance treatment, and was 8  5 months in the observation group and 11  7 months in the maintenance group (HR 0  67, 95% CI 0  56-0  81, p<0  0001). This difference remained significant when any treatment after PFS1 was considered. Maintenance treatment was well tolerated, although the incidence of @entity8566 was increased (64 [23%] @entity1 with hand-foot skin reaction during maintenance). The global quality of life did not deteriorate during maintenance treatment and was clinically not different between treatment groups. INTERPRETATION: Maintenance treatment with @entity416 plus bevacizumab after six cycles of CAPOX-B in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 is effective and does not compromise quality of life. FUNDING: Dutch @entity14 Group (DCCG). The DCCG received financial support for the study from the Commissie Klinische Studies (CKS) of the Dutch Cancer Foundation (KWF), Roche, and Sanofi-Aventis.

title: Maintenance treatment with XXXX and bevacizumab in metastatic @entity14 (CAIRO3): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial of the Dutch @entity14 Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize the capillary density, progression and persistence of new capillaries induced by different isoforms of @entity94 ( @entity94 )-A. They were produced and purified using the same protocol and assessed in the same experimental model, the @entity95 @entity267 assay. Monogenic homodimers for VEGF121 and @entity1655 together with the heterodimer VEGF121/165 were tested as slow release polymer pellets implanted into the avascular @entity95 @entity267 and examined up to 18 days post-implantation. The implants consistently stimulated angiogenesis in the absence of @entity32 . The VEGF121 isoform produced the strongest increase of new capillary vessels which rapidly and persistently progressed into the corneal stroma. @entity1655 promoted the growth of a smaller number of capillaries which ten-ded to regress over time. Heterodimers of VEGF121/165 produced intermediate in vivo activities between the two homodimers. In vitro endothelial cell proliferation, mobilization and adhesion were promoted by all @entity94 isoforms under serum-free or serum-reduced conditions with the same order of potency. Anti-soluble @entity51034 (sKDR) antibody completely inhibited the effects of all the isoforms. These results indicate that monogenic homodimer preparations of VEGF121 and @entity1655 can display distinct biological effects which are functionally retained after the heterodimeric assembly of VEGF121 and @entity1655 . The observed different biological behavior of the @entity94 isoforms reveals the possibility that in vivo the assembly of dimers derived from splicing of a single gene may yield molecules with either different matrix or receptor interaction, stability or diffusion rate according to specific needs.

title: Distinct capillary density and progression promoted by XXXX homodimers and heterodimers.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity94 :: ('100008899(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity94 :: (100008899(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor-A']


abstract: Phase advancement of electrical slow waves and regulation of pacemaker frequency was investigated in the circular muscle layer of the gastric antra of wild-type and W/W(V) @entity19 . Slow waves in the @entity19 antrum of wild-type animals had an intrinsic frequency of 4.4 cycles min(-1) and were phase advanced and entrained to a maximum of 6.3 cycles min(-1) using 0.1 ms pulses of electrical field stimulation (EFS) (three pulses delivered at 3-30 Hz). Pacing of slow waves was blocked by @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) and @entity3897 , suggesting phase advancement was mediated via intrinsic cholinergic nerves. Phase advancement and entrainment of slow waves via this mechanism was absent in W/W(V) mutants which lack intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-IM). These data suggest that neural regulation of slow wave frequency and regulation of smooth muscle responses to slow waves are mediated via nerve-ICC-IM interactions. With longer stimulation parameters (1.0-2.0 ms), EFS phase advanced and entrained slow waves in wild-type and W/W(V) animals. Pacing with 1-2 ms pulses was not inhibited by @entity4524 or @entity3897 . These data suggest that stimulation with longer pulse duration is capable of directly activating the pacemaker mechanism in ICC-MY networks. In summary, intrinsic excitatory neurons can phase advance and increase the frequency of antral slow waves. This form of regulation is mediated via ICC-IM. Longer pulse stimulation can directly activate ICC-MY in the absence of ICC-IM.

title: Pacing of interstitial cells of Cajal in the XXXX gastric antrum: neurally mediated and direct stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inflammatory @entity1127 (IFPs), or Vanek's @entity5 , are one of the least common benign small bowel @entity5 . IFP affects both sexes and all age groups, with a peak of incidence in the fifth and seventh decades. They can be found throughout the gastrointestinal tract but most commonly in the gastric antrum or ileum. The underlying cause of IFPs is still unknown. Genetic study of IFP showed mutations in platelet derived growth factor alpha in some cases. At the time of diagnosis most IFPs have a diameter of 3 to 4 cm. The lesions have always been recorded as solitary polyps. Symptoms depend on the location and the size of the lesion, including @entity490 , @entity391 , altered small bowel movements, @entity360 and loss of weight. IFPs arising below the Treitz ligament can present with an acute abdomen, usually due to intussusceptions. Abdominal computed tomography is currently considered the most sensitive radiological method to show the polyp or to confirm intussusceptions. Most inflammatory @entity1127 can be removed by endoscopy. Surgery is rarely needed. Exploratory laparoscopy or laparotomy is frequently recommended as the best treatment for intussusceptions caused by IFP. The operation should be performed as early as possible in order to prevent the intussusceptions from leading to @entity63 , @entity39 and subsequent perforation of the invaginated bowel segment. This report aims at reviewing the diagnosis, etiology, genetics, clinical presentation, endoscopy, radiology, and best treatment of IFP.

title: Vanek's XXXX of the small bowel in adults.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['fibroid polyps']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the various paediatric weight estimation methods (Advanced Pediatric Life Support, Broselow Tape, Argall, and Best Guess) and parental estimate to measured weight. @entity1 AND METHOD: A convenience sample of @entity1 aged 1-11 years who presented to the emergency department over a 6 month period were eligible for inclusion. Data collected included height, age, ethnicity, parent estimate of weight and measured weight. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The outcome of interest was agreement between estimated weight and measured weight for each method. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and performance of each weight estimation method was compared using mean difference (MD), @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) and agreement within 10%. RESULTS: 410 cases were included in this study. The median age was 4 years, there were more @entity1 (54.4%), and the majority of cases were of Caucasian ethnicity (74.9%). The mean BMI of the sample was 17 kg/m2 and mean actual weight was 21.2 kg. Parent estimate was the most accurate method with 78% of parent estimates within 10% of measured weight and the lowest mean difference (-0.6 kg) and @entity2246 (3.1 kg). The Broselow tape was the most accurate of the other methods, with 61% of estimations within 10% of measured weight. CONCLUSION: Parental estimation of weight is more accurate than the other weight estimation methods studied. When this is not available, the Broselow tape is the most accurate alternative method.

title: Parental weight estimation of their @entity1 's weight is more accurate than other weight estimation methods for determining XXXX 's weight in an emergency department?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['RMSE', 'root mean square error']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A total of 63 @entity231 eyes of 48 @entity1 (group 1) with @entity1596 and 12 eyes of 12 @entity1 (group 2) with Fuchs' @entity5502 underwent extracapsular @entity231 extraction (ECCE) with capsular bag fixation of a posterior-chamber intraocular lens (PC OIL). A perioperative regimen of systemic @entity619 (0.8-1.5 mg/kg) was initiated. This dose was tapered by 20 mg/day, reaching zero within 4-8 days. Intraoperatively, synechiolysis was required in 51 of 63 eyes in group 1 and a sector iridectomy was necessary in 42 eyes. A fibrinous reaction occurred in 7 eyes. During a mean follow-up period of 2 years, 7 eyes developed @entity1596 recurrences that were successfully treated with topical and systemic @entity230 in 4 eyes; the other 3 eyes developed @entity1103 . Overall, mean visual acuity improved from 20/120 to 20/50. Intraoperatively, 3 @entity1 in group 2 developed a transient @entity548 from atypical anterior-chamber-angle vessels. Postoperatively, 3 eyes showed a transient fibrinous reaction. The mean visual acuity improved from 20/240 to 20/30. In @entity1 with Fuchs' @entity5502 , ECCE with PC IOL implantation renders good intermediate results. In other selected @entity1 with @entity1596 , in-the-bag IOL implantation may be performed with an acceptable risk. As judged from their improved visual acuity, 57 of 63 eyes (90.5%) benefited from the procedure.

title: Results of extracapsular @entity231 extraction with intraocular lens implantation in eyes with XXXX and Fuchs' @entity5502 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataractous', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['heterochromic iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We tested the efficacy of a systemic chemotherapy regimen combining @entity1259 , @entity900 and infusional @entity1487 (ECF) in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) who could not be given surgical, intraarterial or percutaneous treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 1998 and June 2000, 21 @entity1 with metastatic and/or locally advanced @entity157 complicating a fibrous liver or a well-compensated ( @entity1 A) @entity82 were given systemic chemotherapy with the ECF regimen. @entity5 responses as assessed on CT scan and in terms of survival were studied. RESULTS: @entity1 completed a median of five chemotherapy courses. Overall tolerance was good but eight @entity1 developed grade 3-4 @entity137 , mainly hematological, and one @entity1 experienced a grade 4 @entity8 . Median survival was 10 months. Actuarial survivals (+/-SD) at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years were 90.2+/-9%, 70.3+/-10% and 24.6+/-19%, respectively. Of the 21 @entity1 , 13 died, 12 from their @entity5 and 1 from treatment-related @entity177 . There were only three objective responses (14.5%; CI95 1-28%) but one of these corresponded to a pathological complete response. The delay to @entity5 progression was 5.9+/-4.7 months. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic chemotherapy using the ECF regimen gave a poor response and low survival rates. It would appear reasonable to pursue the search for potentially efficacious chemotherapy protocols using other drug combinations.

title: XXXX ( @entity157 ) with systemic chemotherapy combining @entity1259 , @entity900 and infusional @entity1487 (ECF regimen).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Adequate (1.10%) and deficient (0.88, 0.66, and 0.53%) levels of Lys were fed to broiler chicks from 9 to 23 d of age. Groups fed the control diet (1.10% Lys) were also pair-fed daily with each deficient group. Compared with the free-fed control, graded decreases in feed intake occurred as the deficiency worsened, and these were significantly different with 0.66 and 0.53% Lys. Growth decreased significantly with each deficient level of Lys compared with the free-fed control and was always significantly lower than in the pair-fed control groups in each set. Plasma @entity1954 (T3) was elevated in chicks fed 0.88 and 0.66% @entity376 but not with 0.53% when compared with the full-fed control treatment. However, in deficient chicks receiving 0.66 and 0.53% Lys, T3 levels were significantly higher compared with their pair-fed controls. Plasma T4 was not significantly different between any treatments. Liver weights decreased significantly at each level of @entity942 , but most of the differences disappeared when expressed relative to body weight. Plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I decreased significantly with the most severe @entity942 . However, it decreased to a similar degree in the pair-fed controls, showing that this effect was primarily due to the lower feed intake. Plasma @entity20019 levels did not differ between any treatments. No correlations were evident between thyroid hormones and @entity2090 or @entity20019 values. We concluded that the primary effect of @entity942 was an elevation in plasma T3 levels without accompanying changes in plasma T4. No effect of the @entity942 per se on plasma @entity2090 and @entity20019 and liver weights relative to body weights was found.

title: Effects of XXXX deficiencies on plasma levels of thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors I and II, liver and body weights, and feed intake in growing chickens.

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['Lys deficiency']

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['lysine']


abstract: ABSTRACT Background: @entity2414 in @entity308 is understudied, but may identify individuals at risk for development of @entity303 and @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Using a neuropsychologically based definition of @entity73 ( @entity73 ) in @entity1 with @entity308 , we hypothesized that @entity1 with @entity73 , compared with those without it, would have increased incidence of both @entity303 and @entity195 . Methods: @entity1 were aged 60 years and older and consisted of depressed @entity1 and non-depressed volunteer controls. The depressed cohort met criteria for @entity308 . All @entity1 were free of @entity303 and other @entity16 at baseline. At study entry, @entity1 were administered a standardized clinical interview, a battery of neurocognitive tests, and provided a blood sample for determination of @entity2204 genotype. A cognitive diagnosis was assigned by a panel of experts who convened annually and reviewed available clinical, neuropsychological and laboratory data to achieve a consensus cognitive diagnosis to determine a consensus diagnosis. Survival analysis examined the association between @entity73 and later @entity303 (all-cause) and @entity195 . Results: Among 295 depressed individuals, 63 (21.36%) met criteria for @entity73 . Among 161 non-depressed controls, four (2.48%) met @entity73 criteria. @entity1 were followed for 6.28 years on average. Forty-three individuals developed @entity303 , including 40 (13.6%) depressed and three (1.9%) control @entity1 . Both @entity73 and age were associated with incident @entity303 and @entity195 . Conclusions: The presence of @entity73 is a poor prognostic sign among @entity1 with @entity308 . Clinicians should carefully screen elderly depressed adults for @entity2414 .

title: Amnestic mild @entity73 and incident @entity303 and @entity195 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['geriatric depression', 'unipolar major depression']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['amnestic mild cognitive impairment', 'aMCI']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological illness']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Memory impairment', 'memory impairment']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['geriatric depression']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the remediation of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) deficits among highly chronic @entity161 @entity1 by employing an instructional technique known as scaffolding. The extent to which learning of the WCST generalized to a similar neuropsychological test, the @entity851 ( @entity851 ) was examined. Forty-one chronic @entity161 subjects drawn from in- @entity1 and out- @entity1 wards were given the WCST. Twenty-eight of the subjects who displayed the greatest impairment on the WCST were then administered the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and randomly assigned to groups that received three sessions of either scaffolded or didactic instruction. Post-testing with the WCST occurred an average of 1.9 (SD = 1.3) and again 31.4 (SD = 3.9) days after instruction. Subjects who received scaffolded instruction improved significantly in the number of categories achieved when compared to the didactic group. The improvement was sustained a month later. A strong trend favoring the scaffolded group on the @entity851 suggested that generalization of learning had occurred. Significant and durable improvement of WCST performance in severely disabled @entity161 is clearly possible with the instructional method employed. The increment in abstract reasoning may generalize to other tasks. These findings have significant implications for @entity73 .

title: Scaffolded instruction and the remediation of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test deficits in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psycho-social and cognitive rehabilitation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Short Category Test', 'SCT']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenics']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity418 has a strikingly uneven geographical distribution, resulting in focal endemic areas in several countries. One such endemic area is in western Kenya. We conducted a retrospective review of all pathology-confirmed @entity5 diagnosed at Tenwek Hospital, Bomet District, between January 1999 and September 2007. @entity5 site, histology, sex, age, ethnicity, and location of residence were recorded. Cases were analyzed within and outside a traditional catchment area defined as < or = 50 km from the hospital. Since 1999, the five most common @entity5 sites were the esophagus, stomach, prostate, colorectum, and cervix. @entity418 accounted for 914 (34.6%) of the 2643 newly diagnosed @entity5 and showed increasing trends within and outside the catchment area. Fifty-eight (6.3%) @entity1 were < or = 30 years old and 9 (1%) were < or = 20 years old; the youngest @entity1 was 14 years at diagnosis. Young cases (< or = 30) were more common among @entity1 of Kalenjin ethnicity (9.2%) than among other ethnicities (1.7%) (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 5.7 [2.1-15.1]). This area of western Kenya is a high-risk region for @entity418 and appears unique in its large proportion of young @entity1 . Our findings support the need for further study of both environmental and genetic risk factors for @entity418 in this area.

title: Frequent occurrence of @entity418 in young XXXX in western Kenya.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the most common @entity260 following the extraction of permanent teeth is a condition known as @entity11037 . Although the aetiology of @entity11037 is debated, it is probably multifactoral, and its pathogenesis remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate incidence of @entity11037 following extraction of permanent teeth at dental out- @entity1 department (OPD) of Dhulikhel hospital, Kathmandu university teaching hospital (KUTH), Kavre, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective reviews of records of total 1860 no of @entity1 were studied who underwent extraction of permanent teeth for various reasons since January 2007 to December 2008 period. There were 873(47%) male @entity1 and 987 (53%) female @entity1 . Information regarding indications for extraction, extracted tooth status, onset of symptoms, relevant findings of the examining clinician, interval between presentation, management given, and its outcome were retrieved and analysed. RESULTS: A total 1860 no of @entity1 were studied who underwent extraction of total 2640 number of permanent teeth for various reasons. A total of 103 (3.9%) extractions were complicated by @entity11037 in @entity1 aged 11 to 80 years with female predominance (54.4%). CONCLUSION: The etiology of @entity11037 is multifactorial and ultimately it is the host's healing potential which determines the severity and duration of the condition. The incidence of @entity11037 was found as 3.9% in this study. The incidence was higher in female @entity1 (54.4%) and in mandibular teeth extraction cases (68.93%).

title: Prevalence of XXXX following extraction of permanent teeth at Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital (KUTH), Dhulikhel, Kavre,Nepal: a study.

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity11037 :: (MESH:D004368,Disease) :: ['dry socket']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge of emergency medical technicians-paramedics ( @entity958 -Ps) and compare their practice perceptions with @entity158 management interventions in adults and pediatric @entity1 (adolescents and @entity1 ) with @entity662 ( @entity662 ), @entity130 , or burns. METHODS: This study included a cross-sectional survey of @entity958 -Ps and review of the emergency medical services (EMS) system @entity1 care database. @entity958 -Ps were surveyed for: 1) knowledge of @entity158 treatment protocol; 2) estimated number of @entity662 , @entity130 , or burn encounters and the frequency of @entity1286 administration; and 3) barriers to providing @entity1286 . Data on @entity1 transported with any above conditions and those who received @entity1286 were abstracted from the EMS @entity1 care database. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: Of 202 @entity958 -Ps, 155 (77%) completed the survey. Eighty-two percent reported knowledge of @entity158 treatment protocol for both adults and pediatric @entity1 . For adults, @entity958 -Ps estimated they administered @entity1286 to 37% with @entity662 (95% CI 35, 40), 24% with @entity130 (95% CI 17, 30), and 89% with burns (95% CI 52, 99). In @entity1 and adolescents, inability to assess @entity158 (93%) was the most common reason for withholding @entity1286 . According to the EMS database, 5% of adults with @entity662 (95% CI 4, 5), 12% @entity130 (95% CI 8, 15), and 14% burns (95% CI 8, 20) received @entity1286 . In @entity1 and adolescents, 3% with @entity130 (95% CI 1, 5) and 9% with burns (95% CI 0, 26) received @entity1286 . @entity158 score was documented in 67.0% of adult @entity1 , compared with only 4.0% in pediatric @entity1 (Delta = 63.0%, 95% CI: 60, 65). CONCLUSIONS: Significant disparity exists between @entity958 -Ps' perceptions of acute @entity158 assessment and the frequency of providing @entity1337 and their actual practice. @entity1 and adolescents had less documentation of @entity158 assessment and received less analgesic interventions compared with adults. Inability to assess @entity158 may be an important barrier to the provision of @entity1337 .

title: XXXX management: a comparison of providers' perceptions and practices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['actual pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['extremity injuries', 'extremity injury']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Prehospital pain']


abstract: Thin @entity320 can @entity3 and can be lethal. Six hundred eighty-one @entity1 with @entity320 less than 0.76 mm thick have been evaluated, and are reviewed in this study and discussed in the context of a literature review. Among those referred without @entity3 (583 @entity1 ), 4.8% metastasized after a mean follow-up of 3.6 years. Among those referred with @entity3 (98 @entity1 ), mortality was 35% after a mean follow-up of 5.9 years. Male @entity1 (p less than 0.04) and @entity1 with axial primary lesions (p less than 0.05) had increased risk of @entity3 . Severe histological regression was present in 40% of primary lesions that metastasized and only 17% of similar lesions that did not (p less than 0.001). Increased age was associated with increased local skin metastases, but not with increased nodal or distant metastases. A prognostic model was designed that identifies a low-risk population with an actuarial risk of @entity3 at 10 years that is less than 3%. High-risk @entity1 have an actuarial risk of @entity3 of 11% at 5 years and 22% at 10 years (p = 0.0084). Identifying high-risk and low-risk @entity1 with thin @entity320 may improve guidelines for the application of adjuvant therapies to this population. New approaches to this problem include use of molecular biology techniques, immunohistochemistry, and varied methods of histological sectioning.

title: "Thin" malignant XXXX : risk factors and clinical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastasize', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the @entity6948 -induced reduction in organ blood flow with quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) method and to observe the influence of @entity49238 on such reduction. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized cross-over study. ANIMALS: Six adult purpose-bred laboratory @entity235 (mean body weight 15.3    1.9 kg). METHODS: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed on six conscious healthy laboratory beagles. The animals on separate occasions underwent three treatments: awake without any medication ( @entity60892 ), @entity6948 10  g kg(-1) ( @entity9170 ) and @entity9170 + @entity49238 500  g kg(-1) (DMK) intravenously (IV). The kidney (10-15 minutes post-treatment), spleen (25-30 minutes post-treatment), small intestine (40-45 minutes post-treatment) and liver (50-55 minutes post-treatment) were examined with CEUS. A time curve was generated and the following perfusion parameters were analysed: @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), time to peak from injection (TTPinj), peak intensity (PI) and wash-in rate (Wi). In addition to CEUS, renal glomerular filtration rate was indirectly estimated by the rate of @entity6111 elimination. RESULTS: @entity1054 and TTPinj were significantly higher for @entity9170 than for @entity60892 in all studied organs. The same parameters were significantly higher for @entity9170 than for DMK in the kidney, spleen and small intestine. PI was significantly lower for @entity9170 than for @entity60892 in the kidney. Wi was significantly lower for @entity9170 than for @entity60892 in the kidney and significantly lower than for @entity60892 only in the small intestine. Plasma concentration of @entity6111 was significantly higher after @entity9170 than @entity60892 administration. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was effective in detecting @entity9170 -induced changes in blood flow. @entity49238 attenuated these changes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians should consider the effects of the sedation protocol when performing CEUS. Addition of @entity49238 might beneficially impact the haemodynamic function of sedation with alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists.

title: Effect of XXXX on organ blood flow parameters detected by contrast-enhanced ultrasound in @entity235 treated with @entity6948 .

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'arrival time']

answer: @entity49238 :: (MESH:C055732,Chemical) :: ['MK-467']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and microbiological factors associated with skin and soft tissue infections drained in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) vs @entity7441 ( @entity7441 ) in a tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among @entity1 aged 2 months to 17 years who required incision and drainage (I_D). Demographic information, signs and symptoms, abscess size and location, and wound culture/susceptibility were recorded. @entity1 -specific charges were collected from the billing database. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine factors determining setting for I_D and the effect of abscess drainage location on cost. RESULTS: Of 335 @entity733 , 241 (71.9%) were drained in the @entity341 . @entity7441 for @entity733 was favored in @entity1 with prior history of abscess (odds ratio [OR], 3.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-7.44; P = .01) and labial location (OR, 37.81; 95% CI, 8.12-176.03; P < .001). For every 1-cm increase in size, there was approximately a 26% increase in the odds of having @entity7441 (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11-1.44, P < .001). @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 was identified in 72% of the 300 @entity733 cultured and 12.3% were @entity3402 resistant. @entity7441 was more expensive than I_D in the @entity341 . Per abscess that underwent I_D, @entity7441 is  3804.29 more expensive than I_D in the @entity341 while controlling for length of stay. DISCUSSION: Clinical factors associated with @entity7441 rather than I_D in the @entity341 included history of abscess, increased @entity733 , and labial location. Microbiological factors did not differ based on I_D setting. For smaller, nonlabial @entity733 , @entity341 drainage may result in significant cost savings.

title: Factors influencing drainage setting and cost for cutaneous @entity733 among pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses', 'abscess length']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['OD', 'operative drainage']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The management of superficial @entity150 is characterized by early recognition of recurrence and the prevention of progression. Biological markers must provide additional information to that provided by multiplicity, size and grade. So, the identification of new prognostic biomarkers for @entity150 could be used to divide @entity1 into risk groups determining treatment and follow-up schemes. The transformation of a normal cell into a malignant cell is a multistep mechanism, which involves various alterations on the molecular and genetic level. @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) is believed to arise through a series of genetic changes. One mechanism of these changes is the mutation of normal genes to oncogenes, which allows cells to escape the regulation of cellular growth control. In addition, @entity5 growth is regulated by a balance between proliferation, growth arrest and programmed cell death. The control of growth arrest and apoptosis plays key roles in the development of @entity1 @entity5 and in @entity5 treatment. Tumours present a complex ecosystem in which interactions between @entity5 cells, extracellular matrix and host cells may lead to reciprocal influences resulting in @entity5 promotion, invasion and @entity3 . Tumour invasion is considered to be a dynamic complex process, which involves a number of steps. During these steps, a lot of critical molecules are involved, the expression of which may offer useful information about the biological behavior of @entity150 . This review article summarizes the most promising immunohistochemical prognostic factors which have been considered to be involved in the complex and multistep process of @entity1494 , and in the process of invasion and @entity3 .

title: Immunohistochemical prognostic markers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['Transitional-cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: The aim was to explore possible correlations between the oral status of @entity1 undergoing treatment at a special outpatient @entity146 clinic for @entity1277 and such variables as @entity146 diagnosis and duration of illness, oral hygiene habits, salivary function, and dietary habits. Healthy volunteers of a similar age were recruited for comparison. The material comprised 100 consecutive referrals, of whom 79 were @entity1 and 2 were @entity1 (age range 17 to 47, median 25 yr) participated. The @entity1277 were diagnosed according to the American Psychiatric Association's DSM III-R criteria. The clinical and radiographic examinations were supplemented by standardized intraoral photographs, study models and salivary analysis. The decayed, missing, filled surfaces (DMFS) index was 15.3+/-10.9, a significantly higher caries frequency than for the reference group. More than half the subjects had erosive tooth wear involving the dentine, and about one-third had very low unstimulated salivary flow rates and very high counts of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Erosive tooth wear was significantly correlated to the number of years of @entity6426 . Compared to age-matched individuals, subjects with diagnosed @entity1277 are more susceptible to both @entity1547 . They should be encouraged to adopt appropriately tailored preventive programmes and to have regular dental check-ups.

title: Oral status of 81 subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['binge-eating']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries and erosion']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: We studied visuomotor processing in the middle ( @entity15 ) and @entity5251 ( @entity5251 ) cortices of the alert cat by making single cell recordings while the cat was working in a behavioral task requiring visual fixation and visually guided eye movements. We found responses with three different components: visual sensory, saccade-related motor, and fixation. Some cells exhibited purely visual responses and all of their activity during visuomotor tasks could be attributed to the sensory aspects of the task. Other cells showed no sensory response properties, but discharged in relation to the saccadic eye movements that the cat made to visual targets. A smaller number of fixation cells displayed increased discharge when the cat fixated a target light and usually only when that target was in a particular region of the visual field. These response components could be present in a variety of combinations in different cells, of which the largest proportion combined visuomotor responses and could take five general forms: simple visuomotor, saccadic enhanced, @entity227 ( @entity227 ), enhanced @entity227 , and disenhanced. Simple visuomotor responses had both a visual and saccade-related component. Saccadic enhanced responses had a visual response to the appearance of a spot in the cell's receptive field that became enhanced when the cat subsequently made a saccade to that spot. The @entity227 responses were synchronized better to the visual stimulus than to the saccade, but they also exhibited properties expected of motor responses. The last two classes of visuomotor responses were rare: one we termed enhanced @entity227 and the other disenhanced. Cells could combine different visuomotor response components or even sensory, saccade-related and fixation responses in different combinations for different directions of eye movements. Generally, the timing of the saccade-related responses occurred too late to play a role in the initiation of saccades: most (83%) saccade-related responses occurred between 40 ms before to 80 ms after the onset of the eye movement. Cells of all different types could be found in both the @entity15 and @entity5251 areas, though in general the responses in @entity5251 were more sensory in nature while those in @entity15 were more closely related to the eye movement. About a quarter of the cells were unresponsive during any aspect of our tasks.

title: Visuomotor interactions in responses of neurons in the middle and XXXX cortices of the behaving cat.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visually triggered movement', 'VTM']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'lateral suprasylvian']

answer: @entity5251 :: (MESH:D010509,Disease) :: ['lateral suprasylvian']


abstract: PURPOSE: Adverse events (AEs) are monitored in clinical trials for @entity1 safety, to satisfy reporting requirements, and develop safety profiles. Recently, much attention has been placed on the reporting of serious AEs (SAEs) that are either life threatening or lethal in clinical trials. However, SAEs comprise a small subset of all AE data collected for trials; the majority of AE data collected are routine AEs (RAEs) regarding non-life-threatening events. We assessed the utility of the RAE data collected, relative to the volume. @entity1 AND METHODS: We surveyed the RAE data from 26 North Central @entity5 Treatment Group coordinated trials. RESULTS: A total of 8,318 (11%) of 75,598 of RAEs required queries. Of these, 86% were protocol-required RAEs, 83% of RAEs required per protocol were within normal limits (eg, platelets) or not present, and 61% of extra AEs were mild. One fifth of RAEs were considered unlikely to be related or unrelated to treatment. Overall, 3% of events were severe, life threatening, or caused @entity204 . Only 1% of RAE data reported required expedited reporting (eg, via Adverse Event Expedited Reporting System). Results indicate that 72% of RAEs would be eliminated if only the maximum severity per @entity1 and type were required. These results were validated in a large phase III trial. CONCLUSION: The majority of RAEs identified, transcribed, and entered are not clinically important. Our data suggest that reducing the number of AEs monitored will affect substantially neither overall @entity1 safety nor compromise evaluation of regimens undergoing testing. We present several considerations for such a reduction in data collection, as well as a policy that we have used to address the deluge of RAE data.

title: Dealing with a deluge of data: an assessment of adverse event data on North Central XXXX Treatment Group trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of pseudoenhancement in a phantom model using three different CT scanners. METHODS: The phantom consisted of a water-filled balloon (cyst) suspended in varying concentrations of @entity1496 solution, meant to simulate varying levels of renal enhancement. The phantom was scanned with single detector-row CT scanners of three different manufacturers. All scans were performed at 120 kV and 200 mA with 5 mm collimation. RESULTS: The degree of pseudoenhancement differed among the three scanners. In two of the scanners, the attenuation of water in the balloon (cyst) was noted to increase significantly as the @entity1496 concentration in the cylinder was increased. However, the degree of pseudoenhancement was different between the two scanners. In the other scanner, attenuation of the cyst was noted to decrease as the @entity1496 concentration in the cylinder decreased and to increase as the @entity1496 concentration in the cylinder increased. CONCLUSION: The degree of pseudoenhancement may vary in scanners of different manufacturers. We may need to check the pattern and degree of pseudoenhancement in CT scanners before determining the enhancement threshold for @entity8 .

title: XXXX pseudoenhancement with beam hardening effect on CT attenuation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['simple renal cyst']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal cyst']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our goal was to evaluate long-term efficacy outcomes of @entity1 with @entity213 ( @entity213 ) treated with @entity3003 , @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ) and radiotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a phase II trial in inoperable @entity1 with locally advanced @entity213 . @entity3003 100 mg/m(2) and @entity1311 40 mg/m(2) were administered i.v. once a week during external beam radiation therapy (180 cGy per fraction) for 6-7 weeks. Interstitial brachytherapy was used as a boost in selected @entity1 with primary @entity1697 and the oropharynx. RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1 were enrolled. Fifty-two @entity1 (95%) had stage IV and 51 (93%) had technically unresectable disease; 62% had an oropharyngeal primary site. Twenty-one @entity1 underwent brachytherapy boost. Grade 3 or 4 @entity33 occurred in 30% of @entity1 . One @entity204 occurred during treatment that was related to complications of @entity5274 placement. Forty of 50 assessable @entity1 (80%) had an objective response, with a complete response rate of 52%. With a median follow-up of 69 months for surviving @entity1 , the 5-year progression-free survival was 36% and the 5-year overall survival was 35%. Two of the 18 long-term survivors of >50 months were @entity5274 feeding dependent. @entity1 undergoing brachytherapy boost (n = 21) had similar outcomes compared with the rest of the @entity1 . In multivariate analysis, baseline hemoglobin levels and N stage were predictive of survival. CONCLUSION: Treatment with concurrent @entity3003 , @entity1311 and radiation is safe and offers curative potential for poor prognosis @entity1 with locally advanced @entity213 .

title: Long-term outcomes with concurrent XXXX , @entity1311 and radiation therapy for locally advanced, inoperable head and neck cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: A 5-year audit of the formation, management and closure of @entity29 and colostomies at Red Cross War Memorial @entity1 's Hospital, Cape Town, is described. Of the 203 @entity1 , 128 (63%) required the stroma in the neonatal period. @entity2463 (80), @entity1963 (65), @entity1964 (33), @entity130 (11) and @entity5 (5) comprised most of the indications. One hundred and thirty large-bowel stomas were sited in the proximal sigmoid and 37 in the transverse colon, all but 11 being divided with each end brought out through a short muscle cutting incision or through the laparotomy wound. Thirty-six ileostomies were performed and in 30 of these the stoma was sited in the wound. Complications, which included @entity39 , @entity548 , prolapse and wound @entity295 , occurred in 31%. The colostomies sited in the transverse colon had the highest incidence of prolapse (38%). @entity4837 brought out in the wound had an acceptably low incidence of complications. Most stomas were temporary in nature. One hundred and eighty-eight were closed, all with excision and end-to-end intraperitoneal @entity254 . There was a 4% incidence of complications (5 would @entity295 , 2 leaks, 1 @entity850 ). The formation, management and closure of bowel stomas represents a considerable section of the work of the paediatric surgeon. Correct meticulous technique is essential in keeping complications to a minimum.

title: Bowel stomas in @entity1 and @entity1 . A 5-year audit of 203 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['Neonatal stomas']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['Anorectal malformations']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small-bowel stomas']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising enterocolitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity1 was admitted for acute @entity583 . Cardiac catheterization revealed total occlusion of the left circumflex artery. During catheterization, he suffered @entity1455 . Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support was established, and the @entity1 was transferred to the operating room. A blow-out left ventricular free @entity397 (LVFWR) with an epicardial tear, 1 mm in diameter, was found, and sutureless repair with a collagen hemostat (TachoComb) was performed. However, on postoperative day 7, echocardiography revealed an echo-free space resembling a @entity2849 . A second operation was performed immediately for impending re-rupture. An epicardial tear, 2 x 10 mm in diameter, was found at the previous bleeding point where hemostasis had been achieved with only one sheet of TachoComb. The defect was closed with mattress sutures buttressed with Teflon felt. We conclude that even if the risk of re-rupture is low, sutureless repair with a collagen hemostat alone should be avoided in treating blow-out LVFWR.

title: Pitfalls of sutureless repair of a blow-out type left ventricular free XXXX .

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['wall rupture']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['wall rupture']


abstract: A 29-year-old @entity1 presented with a history of prominent left eye of 6 months' duration. He also reported @entity227 since 15 days ago. On examination, proptosis of 3 mm was noted in the left eye. Computed tomography (CT scan) of the orbits showed a well-circumscribed, hyperdense, intraconal @entity66 in left orbit, located in the inferotemporal quadrant. Orbitotomy was performed, and the @entity5 was delivered with an intact capsule. The clinical diagnosis of @entity2477 was confirmed on histopathologic examination. The presence of intact capsule was confirmed grossly and with histopathology. The @entity1 returned 6 weeks after surgery with recurrent proptosis. Repeated CT scan showed a recurrent intraconal mass of similar characteristics as in the primary presentation. A repeated orbitotomy was done, and the @entity5 was removed intact. Histopathology of the recurrent @entity5 confirmed the diagnosis of @entity2477 . We report a rare case of orbital @entity2477 with short-term recurrence (6 weeks).

title: Acute recurrence of orbital XXXX in a young @entity1 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['fluctuating blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

answer: @entity2477 :: (MESH:D006392,Disease) :: ['cavernous hemangioma']


abstract: CONTEXT: Bilateral adrenalectomy has been recently proposed as a surgical treatment option for @entity1 with @entity12554 . There is however little documented data about the long-term efficiency and potential side effects of this treatment. @entity1 with @entity814 ( @entity814 ) have been also concerned by this new approach. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe our experience with bilateral adrenalectomy as a treatment of severe @entity101 in a @entity1 with @entity814 and to report the long term follow-up (72 months) results after surgery. @entity1 AND INTERVENTION: A 22-year-old genetically female @entity1 with @entity814 was raised as a male because of severe @entity4998 . The @entity1 has been managed by conventional steroid suppressive therapy and antihypertensive drugs with limited success; @entity101 remained uncontrolled and led to severe complications. Bilateral adrenalectomy was offered to him. RESULTS: The intervention was followed by immediate blood pressure normalization and resulted in remarkable clinical improvement. Good compliance with glucocorticoid and @entity342 substitutive therapies was noted. However, a high @entity4419 , presumably due to @entity43 was noted 24 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Bilateral adrenalectomy is a safe and efficient method of managing @entity774 with selected @entity1 . Long-term clinical and biochemical follow-up of @entity1 with @entity774 treated by bilateral adrenalectomy is needed to earlier detect ectopic adrenal rests.

title: Bilateral adrenalectomy for severe @entity101 in @entity774 due to XXXX : long term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['non-ovarian ectopic adrenal rests']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['pseudohermaphroditism']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['11betaHD deficiency', '11beta-hydroxylase deficiency', '11betaHD']

entities_list: @entity12554 :: ('MESH:C535979', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity4419 :: ('MESH:D003350', 'Chemical') :: ['11-deoxycortisol']

answer: @entity814 :: (MESH:D010661,Disease) :: ['11beta-hydroxylase deficiency']


abstract: 1. For 25 years, the @entity22157 has been selected for greater body weight at slaughter age, higher meat yield and lower fat content. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of such selection on the biochemical and technological characteristics of @entity4186 meat. 2. A line which has been maintained without any selection since 1975 (control line) and a heavy line now commercialised (selected line) were reared under the same conditions. We compared growth performances, dressing and dissection yields and biochemical and technological characteristics of @entity4186 meat at 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age. 3. Our results showed that an indirect effect of selection was to increase the @entity4186 growth rate. At a given age, muscle weights and yields as well as carcase fat content were higher for selected @entity4186 . In the selected line, muscle fibres were larger and the collagen content in muscles lower. 4. The Sartorius muscle in @entity4186 from the selected line exhibited a higher percentage in numbers of @entity62 fibres to the detriment of red type IIa fibres. Its glycolytic enzyme activity was higher and its oxidative enzyme activity lower. 5. In breast muscle, selection decreased the rate of post-mortem decline in pH value, increased protein and mineral contents and decreased moisture. It did not affect fibre type, colour, haem pigment and lipid contents, collagen solubility or drip loss. 6. In conclusion, the effects of @entity22157 selection on meat quality were relatively moderate.

title: Effect of selection for improved body weight and composition on muscle and meat characteristics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white type IIb']

answer: @entity22157 :: (8855,Species) :: ['Muscovy duck']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A trans-catheter closure of an @entity118 ( @entity118 ) is efficient. @entity661 ( @entity661 ) during the catheterization leads to an overestimation of @entity118 size. Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) allows the @entity118 morphology to be assessed comprehensively. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between the shape and the measurements of ASDs by 2D-, 3D-TEE, and @entity661 in @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 who underwent percutaneous closures of a single @entity118 were enrolled. @entity118 diameters were measured by 2D-transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 2D-TEE, 3D-TEE and compared with @entity661 . The @entity118 area was measured on 3D-TEE images after multi-planar reconstruction. @entity118 was estimated as round or oval on 3D-TEE 'en-face' view. 2D-TTE, 2D-TEE, and 3D-TEE(max) @entity118 diameters were well correlated with @entity661 (r = 0.75; 0.80, and 0.85, respectively). Mean diameters were all significantly smaller than the mean @entity661 . The mean difference between the balloon area and 3D-TEE area was 1.6    1.4 cm(2) (P < 0.0001). The mean difference between @entity661 and 3D-TEE(max) diameters was higher in round ASDs than in oval ASDs (4.0    3.3 vs. 1.1    3.3, P = 0.02). With multivariate linear regression analysis, two formulas were built to predict @entity661 . The first model was @entity661 = 1.07 * 3D-TEE(max)- 3.1 * ASDshape + 3. The @entity118 shape was 0 for round and 1 for oval ASDs. A second model was @entity661 = 4.5 * ASDarea + 11.5. CONCLUSION: The @entity118 shape is accurately estimated by 3D-TEE and influences the relationship between echocardiographic measurements and @entity661 . The @entity118 shape, its maximal diameter and the area assessed by 3D-TEE may be sufficient to determine the device size without @entity661 in @entity1 .

title: The relation between @entity118 shape, diameter, and area using three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography and balloon sizing during percutaneous closure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Balloon sizing', 'BS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity3293 is a @entity8650 that occurs predominantly in the soft tissues of the lower extremities. Herein we present a case of a 29 year old male who presented with bilateral femoral numbness believed to be the result of @entity130 to his back. A magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the T4-T5 epidural space compressing the spinal cord. Laminectomy was performed and the lesion removed piecemeal. The pathology specimen consisted of multiple fragments of dura involved by a @entity5 with a nodular growth pattern. The @entity5 cells were arranged in anastomosing cords and strands. @entity5 cells were small, of uniform size and shape, with small hyperchromatic nuclei and scant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical stains were performed which showed the @entity5 cells were diffusely positive for @entity2277 and focally positive for EMA, @entity2281 protein and cytokeratin, whereas they were negative for @entity2280 and @entity3778 . Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies showed a clonal population of cells with re-arrangement of the @entity12726 locus, confirming the histologic impression of extraskeletal @entity3293 . This is the first report of a case of an extraskeletal @entity3293 arising from the dura, confirmed to have rearrangement of the @entity12726 gene by FISH. There have only been two other cases of dural based extraskeletal @entity3293 reported prior to our case. We also briefly review the published literature and discuss differential diagnostic considerations for this rare @entity5 .

title: XXXX presenting as an intradural spinal mass: report of a rare clinical presentation with an emphasis on differential diagnostic considerations.

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['rare soft tissue neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Individual tumor', 'tumor', 'myxoid neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3293 :: ('MESH:C563195', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid chondrosarcoma', 'Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['prior injury']

answer: @entity3293 :: (MESH:C563195,Disease) :: ['Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma']


abstract: More than 90% of @entity5 of the pancreas have mutations on codon 12 of the @entity984 oncogene. Cellular DNA from pancreatic secretions and fine-needle biopsies, obtained from 69 @entity1 (41 @entity1 , 28 @entity1 ), were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to demonstrate this characteristic marker. All these @entity1 had undergone endoscopic retrograde pancreatography for suspected @entity788 or @entity788 . Two different methods were developed to demonstrate the mutations. With the aid of one of these methods, enrichment PCR with analysis of the restriction fragment length (FL), mutations on codon 12 of the @entity984 gene were demonstrated in unstimulated pancreatic secretions of 29 of 33 @entity1 with @entity3123 . All eleven fine-needle biopsies that had been cytologically examined showed the @entity5 -specific mutation. After direct sequencing of enrichment PCR a codon 12 mutation was demonstrated in pancreatic secretion from 21 of 24 @entity1 and with the single strand conformation polymorphism analysis in 17 of 33 @entity1 . In two of these 33 @entity1 two different @entity984 mutations were discovered. No mutations were found in acute @entity32 or stone disease, while in five @entity1 with chronic @entity788 mutations were demonstrated only in those two @entity1 in whom histological examination had revealed @entity1613 . This investigation indicates that codon 12 mutations of the @entity984 gene, found after PCR in pancreatic secretion and biopsies, constitute a sensitive and specific @entity5 marker whose clinical value is being assessed.

title: [ @entity984 mutation as a molecular XXXX marker for @entity788 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammations']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous mucinous hyperplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is characterized by the presence of glycoprotein fibers in ocular and extraocular tissues, and often is associated with @entity726 . Pseudoexfoliation material may be associated closely with elastic microfibrillar-associated glycoprotein as well as @entity2362 . METHODS: Four optic nerve heads of two @entity1 with @entity9998 and @entity726 were examined using electron microscopy and immunogold detection of @entity2362 . Optic nerve heads from healthy age-matched individuals and @entity1 with primary @entity1538 were used for comparisons. RESULTS: In all eyes with @entity9998 and @entity726 , there was marked and widespread @entity2652 in the connective tissue of the lamina cribrosa. Elastotic fibers appeared as large and irregular aggregates of electron-dense material labeled with anti- @entity2362 antibody. Abundant microfibrils were interspersed in the elastotic aggregates, whereas no typical @entity9998 fibers were observed. In contrast, there were less elastotic fibers in the lamina cribrosa from @entity1 with primary @entity1538 compared with @entity9998 . Other changes of extracellular matrix were similar to those observed in primary @entity1538 : decreases in collagen fiber density, presence of basement membranes not associated with cell surfaces, and abundant bundles of microfibrils not labeled with @entity2362 antibody. The elastic fibers appeared normal in other locations within the optic nerves of @entity1 with @entity9998 , including in the pial septa and blood vessels of the retrolaminar myelinated optic nerve. CONCLUSION: The authors' findings demonstrate marked and site-specific @entity2652 in the lamina cribrosa of @entity1 with @entity9998 with @entity726 , suggesting an abnormal regulation of @entity2362 synthesis and/or degradation in the optic nerve of @entity1 with this disease.

title: Elastosis of the lamina cribrosa in XXXX with @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['elastosis']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoexfoliation syndrome', 'pseudoexfoliation glaucoma', 'pseudoexfoliation']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity9998 :: (MESH:D017889,Disease) :: ['pseudoexfoliation syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the potential of bioluminescence imaging (BLI) for early @entity5 detection, demonstrating occult sites of disseminated disease and assessing disease progression in a @entity19 model of @entity521 . METHODS: @entity521 cells engineered to express the enzyme firefly luciferase were used to establish localized @entity5 and disseminated disease in @entity915 @entity19 . Bioluminescent signal intensity was measured at serial time points, and compared with traditional methods of evaluating @entity5 growth. RESULTS: Bioluminescence imaging detected subcutaneous and retroperitoneal @entity5 weeks before they were palpable or appreciable by ultrasound. Bioluminescent signal intensity at both sites then paralleled @entity5 growth. After intravenous administration of @entity5 cells, BLI revealed disseminated disease in the liver, lungs, and bone marrow, again weeks before any gross disease was present. The presence of @entity5 within these sites at early time points was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Finally, BLI permitted a real-time, noninvasive, quantitative method for following response to therapy in a model of @entity41 . CONCLUSION: Bioluminescence imaging detects @entity5 much earlier than traditional methods. In addition, it can detect, quantify, and follow micrometastasis in real-time during disease progression. This methodology is extremely valuable for studying @entity5 tissue tropism, mechanisms of @entity3 , and response to therapy in @entity19 @entity5 models.

title: In vivo bioluminescence imaging for early detection and monitoring of disease progression in a XXXX model of @entity521 .

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To extract the sensitive bands for estimating the winter @entity3505 growth status and yields, field experiments were conducted. The crop variables including aboveground biomass (AGB), soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) value, yield, and canopy spectra were determined. Statistical methods of correlation analysis, @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ), and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) were used to extract sensitive bands and estimate the crop variables with calibration set. The predictive model based on the selected bands was tested with validation set. The results showed that the crop variables were significantly correlated with spectral reflectance. The major spectral regions were selected with the B-coefficient and variable importance on projection (VIP) parameter derived from the @entity1625 analysis. The calibrated SMLR model based on the selected wavelengths demonstrated an excellent performance as the R2, TC, and RMSE were 0.634, 0.055, and 843.392 for yield; 0.671, 0.017, and 1.798 for SPAD; and 0.760, 0.081, and 1.164 for AGB. These models also performed accurately and robustly by using the field validation data set. It indicated that these wavelengths retained in models were important. The determined wavelengths for yield, SPAD, and AGB were 350, 410, 730, 1015, 1185 and 1245 nm; 355, 400, 515, 705, 935, 1090, and 1365 nm; and 470, 570, 895, 1170, 1285, and 1355 nm, respectively. This study illustrated that it was feasible to predict the crop variables by using the multivariate method. The step-by-step procedure to select the significant bands and optimize the prediction model of crop variables may serve as a valuable approach. The findings of this study may provide a theoretical and practical reference for rapidly and accurately monitoring the crop growth status and predicting the yield of winter @entity3505 .

title: Extraction of Sensitive Bands for Monitoring the Winter @entity3505 ( XXXX ) Growth Status and Yields Based on the Spectral Reflectance.

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['partial least squares', 'PLS']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['Triticum aestivum']


abstract: Seventy-five @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for cervical spondylotic @entity602 were evaluated with respect to the operative procedure performed and their outcome. Forty @entity1 underwent a laminectomy plus dentate ligament section (DLS), 18 underwent laminectomy alone, and 17 underwent an anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF). The @entity1 were evaluated postoperatively for both stability and for neurologic outcome using a modification of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Assessment Scale. Functional improvement occurred in all but one @entity1 in the laminectomy plus DLS group. The average improvement was 3.1 +/- 1.5 points in this group; whereas the average improvement in the laminectomy and the ACDF groups was 2.7 +/- 2.0 and 3.0 +/- 2.0 points respectively. All of the @entity1 who improved substantially (greater than or equal to 6 points) in the laminectomy plus DLS and the @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ). The remainder had either a normal @entity3799 or no curve (no @entity1513 or @entity3799 ). All @entity1 in the ACDF group had either a straight spine or a cervical @entity1513 . These factors implicate spine curvature, in addition to choice of operation, as factors which are important in outcome determination. No problems with instability occurred in either the laminectomy or the laminectomy plus DLS group. Two @entity1 incurred problems with stability in the ACDF group. Both required reoperation. In addition, four @entity1 in this group who initially improved, subsequently deteriorated. Six @entity1 in the laminectomy plus DLS group had a several day febrile episode related to an @entity5827 process. Laminectomy plus DLS is a safe and efficacious alternative to laminectomy for the treatment of cervical spondylotic @entity602 . The data presented here suggests that @entity17589 @entity1 with a cervical @entity1513 are best treated with an ACDF and that @entity1 with a normal cervical @entity3799 are best treated with a posterior approach. Although some selected @entity1 may benefit from DLS, no criteria are available which differentiate this small subset of @entity1 .

title: Cervical laminectomy and dentate ligament section for cervical spondylotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'laminectomy alone groups had normal cervical spine contours']

entities_list: @entity17589 :: ('MESH:D009134', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathic']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present review was to evaluate the prognostic features of primary @entity242 of the kidney. A literature review was conducted using a number of databases, including Medline (PubMed) and Scopus, for studies published between January 1992 and December 2013. Of the studies published in English, those describing the prognostic features of primary @entity242 of the kidney were recorded. The electronic search was limited to the following keywords: @entity242 , @entity8 , prognosis, diagnosis, immunohistochemistry, genetic and survey. Subsequent to the search, no review articles and/or meta-analyses associated with the prognosis of primary @entity242 of the kidney were identified. In total, 31 studies, which consisted of case studies, case series and studies concerned with the overall prognosis of urological soft-tissue @entity242 , were reviewed. Primary @entity8 has a poor prognosis compared with other @entity242 of the urogenital system. In addition to the surgical excision of @entity8 , pathological, molecular and genetic prognostic factors are also considered. Due to the small number of cases, previous studies have not randomized the prognostic features of primary @entity242 of the kidney. The elucidation of the so-called 'chaotic' genetic and molecular basis of @entity8 will help to predict @entity1 prognoses. Surgical excision is the most significant parameter for determining the prognosis of @entity242 of the kidney. However, @entity242 also exhibit prognostic features that are based upon pathological, genetic and molecular factors. The present review suggests that additional factors may be important in predicting the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity8 , and that clinicians should plan treatment and follow-up regimens according to these factors.

title: Prognostic features of XXXX (Review).

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma of the kidney', 'renal sarcomas', 'renal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'Sarcoma']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal sarcomas']


abstract: Eight @entity1 with axillary-subclavian @entity715 were studied. Three presented acutely and five with chronic symptoms of @entity158 and swelling exacerbated by and limiting normal use. Initial venography showed complete occlusion of the axillary vein in 7 cases and marked narrowing in the remaining @entity1 . Venographic evidence of narrowing or occlusion was also seen in 6/8 clinically normal contralateral arms. One of these arms became symptomatic 2 years later, and required surgery. The @entity1 presenting acutely were anticoagulated. Symptoms resolved slowly in 2 cases, but persisted in one. This @entity1 and the five presenting chronic symptoms underwent decompression of the thoracic outlet by transaxillary resection of the first rib. Satisfactory decompression was confirmed at operation by eliciting and then abolishing "nipping" of the surgeon's finger between the first rib and the clavicle on abducting and then relaxing the arm. Symptomatic relief was achieved in 5/7 limbs thus treated (one @entity1 had bilateral first rib resection). Although postoperative venographic improvement was seen in some cases, clinical success did not depend on recanalisation of the main axillary-subclavian vein. The two @entity1 with persistent symptoms after first rib resection subsequently had venous bypass procedures. Despite initial patency, both had occluded with @entity1109 within 4 months.

title: The place of first rib resection in the management of axillary-subclavian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['return of symptoms']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['vein thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic repair of congenital @entity2914 has been sparsely reported. Moreover, each report has primarily been a single operative case. In most of the reports, prosthetic mesh has not been used, and when used, it has been nonabsorbable in nature. Most of these case reports have documented only a few months of clinical follow-up. METHODS: After institutional review board approval (No. 01-12-115X), the clinical course and outcome of 3 @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic repair of foramen of Morgagni and @entity2914 using 4-ply Surgisis soft tissue graft (Cook Inc, Bloomington, Ind) were reviewed to determine if this approach is appropriate. RESULTS: In 2001, 2 @entity1 , ages 9 months and 14 years, underwent laparoscopic foramen of Morgagni repair and one 5-day-old underwent laparoscopic foramen of Bochdalek repair using Surgisis soft tissue graft as a patch to close the diaphragmatic defects because there was too much tension with primary repair. In each case, the prosthesis was secured to the rim of the defect using interrupted silk sutures tied intracorporally. The mean operative time for repair of the Morgagni defects was 230 minutes with a postoperative discharge of 1 and 2 days. For the foramen of Bochdalek repair, the operative time was 204 minutes, and the @entity1 was discharged at 3 weeks. No complications have occurred during or after any of the procedures, but the oldest @entity1 underwent diagnostic laparoscopy 3 months postoperatively for a radiographic finding of suspected recurrence. At laparoscopy, the patch was intact, and no diaphragmatic @entity547 was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic defects using prosthetic material is possible although the operative time required is around 3.5 hours. Because of the brief postoperative course, the laparoscopic approach appears justified in the nonneonatal @entity1 . Whether this approach is appropriate for repair of neonatal @entity2914 remains unclear.

title: Laparoscopic patch repair of XXXX with Surgisis.

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernias', 'Bochdalek hernias']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['diaphragmatic hernias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) and duodenal @entity1146 (DA) involve @entity354 barrier, poor esophageal function and eventually, @entity20705 . This study aims at examining the upper gastrointestinal functional status in a cohort of @entity1 with both @entity1152 and DA. METHODS: A retrospective survey of @entity1 treated for @entity1152 and DA between 1965 and 2012 was conducted. Clinical charts, office visits, imaging, upper @entity344 and esophageal pH metry/impedance were used to assess the long-term condition of the esophagus, the presence of @entity354 ( @entity354 ) and/or the need for fundoplication. RESULTS: Twenty out of 581 @entity1 treated for @entity1152 had associated DA. Ten/twenty @entity1 survived; 1 had primary esophageal replacement. With a median follow-up of 9years, 8/9 had complicated outcomes and 5 still suffered digestive ailments: 2 GER; 1 @entity5202 ; 1 nodular @entity3621 , and 1 wrap herniation. A total of 10 procedures were performed: 8 fundoplications, 1 esophagogastric dissociation and 1 replacement with colon. DISCUSSION: The association of @entity1152 with DA involves a poor upper digestive function with high risks of @entity354 and fundoplication failure. The lifelong synergistic play of esophageal, @entity1819 in these @entity1 prompts long-term follow-up, and eventually active treatment.

title: XXXX after repair of combined esophageal and duodenal @entity1146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'EA']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and duodenal dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity20705 :: ('MESH:D004383', 'Disease') :: ['duodenogastric reflux']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD', 'deficient anti-reflux']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Defective upper gastrointestinal function']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Insufflation of the abdomen during laparoscopy improves surgical space, but may cause post-operative @entity158 . The incidence of @entity158 is reduced using a lower insufflation pressure, but this may, however, compromise the surgical space. We aimed at investigating whether @entity4094 (NMB) would enlarge surgical space, measured as the distance from the sacral promontory to the trocar in @entity1 undergoing gynaecologic laparoscopy. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 were randomised in an assessor-blinded crossover design. The distance from the sacral promontory to the trocar was measured during deep NMB and without NMB at @entity516 8 and 12   mmHg both. Additionally, we assessed surgical conditions while suturing the abdominal fascia using a 4-point subjective rating scale. Deep NMB was established with @entity2898 and reversed with sugammadex. RESULTS: At 12   mmHg @entity516 , deep NMB improved surgical space with a mean of 0.33 cm (95% confidence interval 0.07-0.59) (P   =   0.01, paired t-test) compared with no NMB. At 8   mmHg @entity516 deep NMB improved surgical space with a mean of 0.3   cm (95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.54) (P   =   0.005) compared with no NMB. Deep NMB resulted in significantly better ratings of surgical conditions during suturing of the fascia (P   =   0.03, Mann-Whitney U-test). CONCLUSION: Deep NMB enlarged surgical space measured as the distance from the sacral promontory to the trocar. The enlargement, however, was minor and the clinical significance is unknown. Moreover, deep NMB improved surgical conditions when suturing the abdominal fascia.

title: Optimising abdominal space with XXXX in gynaecologic laparoscopy - a randomised, blinded crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['deep neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder pain']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['deep neuromuscular blockade']