abstract: OBJECTIVE: Angioplasty and stenting are options for revascularization of symptomatic femoral popliteal disease. Although angioplasty alone is effective in short lesions, longer lesions are often treated with stents. Multiple overlapping stents are expensive and may be associated with stent @entity174 . This trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of a single self-expanding stent up to 20 cm in length in @entity1 with @entity731 of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) and proximal popliteal artery. METHODS: @entity1 with lesions >4 cm and <18 cm were enrolled in this nonrandomized, prospective, multicenter trial that evaluated the @entity8109  g   EverFlex Self-Expanding Peripheral Stent System (Covidien, Plymouth, Minn). The study's primary end points were the 30-day major adverse event rate and duplex ultrasound-assessed patency at 1 year. These were compared with published performance goals. A preplanned analysis was conducted for the primary effectiveness end points at 1 year. Follow-up, including history, ankle-brachial index, @entity1 -reported outcomes, duplex ultrasound assessment, and radiographs, is planned through 3 years. There was core laboratory review of angiograms, ultrasound scans, and plain radiographs. A subgroup of @entity1 was studied with graded treadmill testing. RESULTS: The study enrolled 287 @entity1 (66% male; mean age, 68 years) with stenotic, restenotic, or occluded lesions of the SFA at 44 investigational sites in the United States and Europe. Systemic comorbidities included @entity101 (88%), @entity407 (86%), @entity6 (43%), and prior SFA intervention (41%). The mean lesion length measured by the core laboratory was 89 mm. The mean normal-to-normal lesion length measured by sites was 110 mm. A total of 303 stents were implanted, and 95% of @entity1 received a single stent. No major adverse events occurred at 30 days. At 1 year, primary outcome of duplex ultrasound stent patency was 67.7% in evaluable @entity1 , and among 1-year secondary outcomes, the mean ankle-brachial index increased by 0.25. Walking Improvement Questionnaire scores improved in @entity158 by 33.7, distance by 37.1, speed by 18.6, and stair climbing by 24.7. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of primary patency was 77.2%, primary assisted patency was 86.9%, and secondary patency was 87.3%. Rutherford clinical category improved in 83.5% of @entity1 . Stent @entity174 rate was 0.4%. Matched absolute claudication distance was 412 feet greater and was not statistically different in this subgroup of 29 individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The results of DURABILITY II (StuDy for EvalUating EndovasculaR TreAtments of Lesions in the Superficial Femoral Artery and Proximal Popliteal By usIng the @entity8109  g   EverfLex NitInol Stent SYstem II) suggest that a new single stent strategy is safe and effective for the treatment of long lesions of the SFA and proximal popliteal arteries at 1 year.

title: The United States StuDy for EvalUating EndovasculaR TreAtments of Lesions in the Superficial Femoral Artery and Proximal Popliteal By usIng the XXXX  g   EverfLex NitInol STent SYstem II (DURABILITY II).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

answer: @entity8109 :: (6534,Gene) :: ['Prot']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Autologous platelet-rich plasma has attracted attention in various medical fields recently, including orthopedic, plastic, and dental surgeries and dermatology for its wound healing ability. Further, it has been used clinically in mesotherapy for skin rejuvenation. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the effects of activated platelet-rich plasma (aPRP) and activated platelet-poor plasma (aPPP) have been investigated on the remodelling of the extracellular matrix, a process that requires activation of dermal fibroblasts, which is essential for rejuvenation of aged skin. METHODS: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were prepared using a double-spin method and then activated with thrombin and @entity12374 . The proliferative effects of aPRP and aPPP were measured by @entity665 incorporation assay, and their effects on matrix protein synthesis were assessed by quantifying levels of procollagen type I @entity1473 -terminal peptide (PIP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The production of collagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) was studied by Western blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Platelet numbers in PRP increased to 9.4-fold over baseline values. aPRP and aPPP both stimulated cell proliferation, with peak proliferation occurring in cells grown in 5% aPRP. Levels of PIP were highest in cells grown in the presence of 5% aPRP. Additionally, aPRP and aPPP increased the expression of type I collagen, @entity3334 protein, and mRNA in @entity1 dermal fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: aPRP and aPPP promote tissue remodelling in aged skin and may be used as adjuvant treatment to lasers for skin rejuvenation in cosmetic dermatology.

title: Can Platelet-rich Plasma Be Used for Skin Rejuvenation? Evaluation of Effects of Platelet-rich Plasma on XXXX Dermal Fibroblast.

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The enterobacterium @entity20003 is a devastating plant pathogen causing necrotrophic fire blight disease of apple, pear, and other rosaceous plants. In an attempt to identify genes induced during infection of host plants, we identified and cloned a putative effector gene, avrRpt2EA. The deduced @entity535 sequence of the translated AvrRpt2EA protein is homologous to the effector protein AvrRpt2 previously reported in @entity3437 . tomato. These two proteins share 58% identity (70% similarity) in the functional domain; however, the secretion and translocation signal domain varied. The avrRpt2EA promoter region contains a typical 'hrp box,' which suggests that avrRpt2EA is regulated by the alternative sigma factor, HrpL. avrRpt2EA was detected in all @entity20003 strains tested but not in other closely related Erwinia species. An avrRpt2EA deletion mutant was reduced in its ability to cause @entity281 on immature pear fruits as compared with the wild-type strain, indicating that avrRpt2EA acts as a virulence factor on its native host. Growth of @entity14348 expressing avrRpt2EA was 10-fold higher than that of @entity14348 in an @entity958 @entity42591 mutant, indicating that avrRpt2EA promotes virulence of @entity14348 on @entity958 similar to @entity3437 . tomato avrRpt2. When avrRpt2EA was expressed in @entity14348 in its native form, a weak hypersensitive response (HR) was induced in @entity958 ; however, a hybrid protein containing the @entity3437 . tomato avrRpt2 signal sequence, when expressed from the @entity3437 . tomato avrRpt2 promoter, caused a strong HR. Thus, the signal sequence and promoter of avrRpt2EA may affect its expression, secretion, or translocation, singly or in combination, in @entity14348 . These results indicated that avrRpt2EA is genetically recognized by the @entity42591 disease resistance gene in @entity958 when expressed in @entity14348 . The results also suggested that although distinct pathogens such as @entity20003 and @entity3437 may contain similar effector genes, expression and secretion of these effectors can be under specific regulation by the native pathogen.

title: The @entity20003 avrRpt2EA gene contributes to virulence on pear and AvrRpt2EA is recognized by @entity958 @entity42591 when expressed in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity20003 :: ('552', 'Species') :: ['E. amylovora', 'Erwinia amylovora']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['P. syringae', 'Pseudomonas syringae pv', 'P syringae pv', 'P. syringae pv']

answer: @entity3437 :: (317,Species) :: ['pseudomonas syringae']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine the ability of the Contextual Memory Test (CMT) to differentiate between elderly @entity1 suffering from @entity195 ( @entity195 ) in comparison to healthy elderly @entity1 . Specifically, the objectives were to compare for differences between and within the groups on components of memory, including immediate and delayed recall as well as recognition. In addition, parameters of metamemory skills, such as general awareness, self-prediction of memory capacity, self-estimation, strategy use and use of contextual information, as well as the correlation between self-awareness and actual performance in both groups, were investigated. The sample consisted of 60 elderly @entity1 , including 30 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity195 who were assigned to the research group and 30 @entity1 matched for age, gender and educational level who were assigned to the control group. The results provide support for the hypothesis positing differences in memory performance between healthy elderly @entity1 and those suffering from @entity195 , particularly in immediate and delayed recall as well as in recognition. Moreover, findings indicate an improvement in memory performance under the cued condition (contextual), whereas improvement in the @entity195 group proved to be significant only for immediate recall. The findings point to a distinct overestimation of memory ability predicted by both the @entity195 and control groups. Following the memory task, however, the @entity1 accurately estimated the number of items they remembered. In addition, significant correlations between the use of contextual and association strategies and the number of items remembered by both groups were obtained, in immediate as well as in delayed recall. Therefore, these findings support the CMT as a valuable memory and metamemory assessment tool for use with the @entity195 population.

title: Memory and metamemory performance in XXXX and healthy elderly: the Contextual Memory Test (CMT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Background. Although @entity1381 is a common and upsetting problem of chronic @entity8 , there is no approved treatment for it. This study was undertaken to find the efficiency of @entity3756 as a possible treatment for @entity1381 . Methods. 19 @entity454 @entity1 under hemodialysis with severe chronic @entity111 were randomly selected to participate in this before-after clinical trial. Before and after starting treatment with @entity3756 , a detailed @entity111 history was obtained and @entity111 graded by the 30-item inventory of @entity111 that @entity1 based on priorities grade allocated to 3 classes. Subjects were treated with @entity3756 50   mg oral daily for four months, with monthly assessments of @entity111 symptoms. Results. Before treatment with @entity3756 , the grade of @entity111 in 9 (47.4%) @entity1 was moderate and severe in 10 (52.6%) @entity1 . After treatment, grade of @entity111 in 11 (57.8%) @entity1 was weak, 6 (31.5%) have moderate and only 2 (10.7%) @entity1 have severe @entity111 . Of 10 @entity1 with severe @entity111 , 5 (50%) @entity1 experiencing weak @entity111 , and 4 (40%) @entity1 have moderate @entity111 after treatment. Based on Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the difference between the grade of @entity111 before and after treatment with @entity3756 was significant (P = 0.001). Conclusions. Although no definitive recommendation can be made regarding treatment of @entity1381 , we found an increased antipruritic effect of @entity3756 in @entity454 @entity1 .

title: Effect of @entity3756 on @entity1381 improvement in @entity454 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic pruritus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Social factors play a key role in the structuring of vocal repertoires at the individual level, notably in non- @entity1 primates. Some authors suggested that, at the species level too, social life may have driven the evolution of communicative complexity, but this has rarely been empirically tested. Here, we use a comparative approach to address this issue. We investigated vocal variability, at both the call type and the repertoire levels, in three forest-dwelling species of Cercopithecinae presenting striking differences in their social systems, in terms of social organization as well as social structure. We collected female call recordings from twelve De Brazza' @entity3176 (Cercopithecus neglectus), six Campbell' @entity3176 (Cercopithecus campbelli) and seven red-capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus) housed in similar conditions. First, we noted that the level of acoustic variability and individual distinctiveness found in several call types was related to their importance in social functioning. Contact calls, essential to intra-group cohesion, were the most individually distinctive regardless of the species, while threat calls were more structurally variable in mangabeys, the most "despotic" of our three species. Second, we found a parallel between the degree of complexity of the species' social structure and the size, diversity, and usage of its vocal repertoire. Mangabeys (most complex social structure) called twice as often as guenons and displayed the largest and most complex repertoire. De Brazza' @entity3176 (simplest social structure) displayed the smallest and simplest repertoire. Campbell' @entity3176 displayed an intermediate pattern. Providing evidence of higher levels of vocal variability in species presenting a more complex social system, our results are in line with the theory of a social-vocal coevolution of communicative abilities, opening new perspectives for comparative research on the evolution of communication systems in different animal taxa.

title: Social complexity parallels vocal complexity: a comparison of three non- XXXX primate species.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: TOPIC: To assess the evidence on interventions to improve visual acuity (VA) and to treat macular @entity4 and/or @entity2295 secondary to @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Branch @entity2994 is the second most common @entity989 . METHODS/LITERATURE REVIEWED: English and non-English articles were retrieved using a keyword search of Medline (1966 onwards), Embase, the Cochrane Collaboration, the National Institute of Health Clinical Trials Database, and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting Abstract Database (2003-2005). This was supplemented by hand searching references of review articles. Two investigators independently identified all @entity922 ( @entity922 ) with more than 3 months' follow-up. RESULTS: From 4332 citations retrieved, 12 @entity922 were identified. There were 5 @entity922 on laser photocoagulation. Grid macular laser photocoagulation was effective in improving VA in 1 large multicenter RCT, the Branch @entity2994 Study (BVOS), but 2 smaller @entity922 found no significant difference. The BVOS showed that scatter retinal laser photocoagulation was effective in preventing @entity2295 and @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity2295 , but a subsequent RCT found no significant effect. Randomized clinical trials evaluating intravitreal @entity230 (n = 2), hemodilution (n = 3), @entity1396 (n = 1), and @entity32925 (n = 1) showed limited or no benefit. CONCLUSIONS: There is limited level I evidence for any interventions for @entity2994 . The BVOS showed that macular grid laser photocoagulation is an effective treatment for macular @entity4 and improves vision in eyes with VA of 20/40 to 20/200, and that scatter laser photocoagulation can effectively treat @entity2295 . The effectiveness of many new treatments is unsupported by current evidence.

title: Interventions for XXXX : an evidence-based systematic review.

entities_list: @entity32925 :: ('MESH:C005865', 'Chemical') :: ['troxerutin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion', 'Vein Occlusion', 'retinal vein occlusion', 'BRVO']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['randomized clinical trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: We investigated the effects of @entity2393 on @entity5 cell (TC) adhesion to unstimulated and @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ) activated endothelial cells (EC). @entity1192 treatment (20 units/ml for 6 hours) of cultured @entity1 umbilical vein EC significantly increased adhesion of seven @entity1 TC lines of different origin. A goat antiserum raised to purified alpha 5 beta 1 integrin abolished the @entity1192 induced @entity421 , one @entity320 , one lung, and one @entity703 , whereas it did not affect adhesion of two @entity694 cell lines. Further studies were performed on MG63 @entity421 cells. Adhesion of MG63 @entity421 cells to EC was dependent on time of EC treatment with @entity1192 : it was maximal at 12 hours and declined at 24 hours. alpha 5 beta 1 antiserum blocked @entity1192 induced increase in MG63 adhesion at any time of EC treatment. This effect appears to be mainly directed to MG63 integrins since selective incubation of the antiserum with EC, but not with MG63, did not modify TC adhesion. Using a series of antibodies to different alpha and beta chains, we found that only monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to alpha 4, alpha 5, and beta 1 could inhibit MG63 adhesion to @entity1192 activated EC, whereas alpha 2, alpha 6, and beta 3 antibodies were ineffective. Antibodies to fibronectin had very little activity on MG63 adhesion to EC matrix and did not significantly affect MG63 adhesion to control or @entity1192 treated EC. Antibodies to alpha 4, alpha 5, and beta 1 were only partially effective in inhibiting MG63 adhesion to EC matrix. These data indicate that the capacity of alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 @entity2393 to bind fibronectin contributed very little to MG63 adhesion to EC. The importance of @entity2393 in promoting a direct interaction between EC and MG63 was further shown by inhibition of rosette formation among these cells in suspension by the alpha 5 beta 1 antiserum. Only a @entity4725 /INCAM110 mAb, but not @entity4105 or @entity2071 mAbs, could inhibit MG63 adhesion to @entity1192 activated EC. Overall these data indicate that at least two members of the beta 1 integrin subfamily (alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1) are involved in MG63 adhesion to cytokine treated EC. This integrin function might be important at early stages of TC interaction with the vessel wall.

title: Role of @entity2393 in @entity5 cell adhesion to cultured XXXX endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['increment in adhesion of two osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure and contrast 2 biomarkers of @entity65 , @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and plasma @entity1255 , in individuals with @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) and control individuals without @entity1020 . DESIGN: Case-control study. @entity1 : Seventy-nine affected individuals and 77 unaffected individuals from the @entity1020 Genetic Study Group returned to obtain @entity1851 and @entity1255 levels. METHODS: Both affected and unaffected individuals underwent testing for @entity1851 and @entity1255 . A detailed cardiovascular history was taken. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean @entity1851 and @entity1255 levels in affected and unaffected individuals. RESULTS: Mean @entity1851 levels for affected and unaffected individuals were 3.42 and 2.30 mg/l, respectively (P = 0.03). Mean @entity1255 levels for affected and unaffected individuals were 11.72 and 8.88 micromol/l, respectively (P<0.0001). In logistic regression models, older age, higher @entity1851 , and higher @entity1255 were risk factors for @entity1020 . There were no significant differences between cases and controls in terms of gender, @entity6 , @entity101 , use of statin drugs, and smoking. The control group was significantly younger and had a lower rate of vitamin usage than the affected group. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated @entity1851 and @entity1255 levels are associated with @entity1020 and implicate the role of @entity32 and @entity731 .

title: Biomarkers of @entity65 as risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity951 is a rare condition with high morbidity and mortality, which occurs due to @entity850 or occlusion in the mesenteric vessels commonly due to @entity731 . Typically, @entity1 present with worsening postprandial @entity490 , chronic @entity353 and fear of food. The condition can be treated by surgical bypass, but also by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting of the affected mesenteric arteries. AIM: To assess the mid-term outcomes in @entity1 treated by endovascular stenting for chronic @entity2913 (CMI). METHODS: Six @entity1 were treated for symptomatic CMI. In total, six severely stenosed vessels were stented including the superior mesenteric artery (n = 5) and coeliac artery (n = 1). A retrospective review of these @entity1 was performed with end points including symptom recurrence, major morbidity and mortality. The mean follow-up was 16.5 months (range 5-28 months). RESULTS: Initial clinical success was observed in all six @entity1 . Four @entity1 were clinically asymptomatic, but died within 18 months after the procedure from other conditions. One @entity1 suffered from recurrence of symptoms. Only one @entity1 died as a consequence of mesenteric artery re- @entity850 . CONCLUSION: Stenting of mesenteric vessels has shown excellent early and mid-term clinical success in selected @entity1 . Though no direct comparison with open revascularization surgery was performed in this case series, technical and mid-term clinical success is promising.

title: Mid-term follow-up of stenting in chronic XXXX : a review of six cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2913 :: ('MESH:D008639', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric angina']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2913 :: (MESH:D008639,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischaemia']


abstract: Abstract. The Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (SCORE) includes communitywide treatment in areas with >=  25% prevalence of @entity2040 along the shores of Lake Victoria using @entity497 ( @entity497 ). The @entity497 are key drivers in community-owned mass drug administration ( @entity1865 ) intervention programs. We explored their experiences and perceptions after initial @entity1865 participation. Unstructured open-ended group discussions were conducted after completion of @entity1865 activities. Narratives were obtained from @entity497 using a digital audio recorder during the group discussion, transcribed verbatim and translated into English where applicable. Thematic decomposition of data was done using ATLAS.t.i. software. From the perspective of the @entity497 , factors influencing @entity1865 compliance included @entity137 , food supply stability, and conspiracy theories about the "real" purpose of treatment. The interest of @entity497 to serve as community drug distributors stemmed from both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Feedback from @entity497 can promote more effective @entity1865 in rural Kenyan communities.

title: Community health workers' experiences and perspectives on mass drug administration for XXXX control in western Kenya: the SCORE Project.

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community health workers', 'CHWs']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug side effects']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of @entity1 experiencing blunt @entity1566 without @entity854 but transient or persistent @entity51 . METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed plain radiographs, computed tomographic scans, and magnetic resonance images of @entity1 with @entity1566 without radiological abnormality (SCIWORA) who were admitted to a Level I @entity130 center. Neurologic status, Frankel grade, and short-term @entity1 outcome were assessed. RESULTS: Of 1,604 @entity1 experiencing blunt @entity1566 , 21 (12 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 35.5 years (range, 16.2-70.9 years) presented with a clinicoradiographic mismatch. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was available in 15 @entity1 . In seven @entity1 (46.6%), MRI revealed either neural (n = 2, 13.3%) or extraneural (n = 5, 33.3%) spinal abnormalities. Importantly, in eight @entity1 (53.3%), no spinal abnormalities were visible on MRI. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed no prognostic value regarding the presence or absence of detectable spinal injuries. CONCLUSION: Spinal abnormalities were not detected on MRI in a substantial proportion of @entity1 presenting with SCIWORA. The prognostic value of MRI findings in SCIWORA needs to be validated by future studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Epidemiological study, level V.

title: Early magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX without radiological abnormality in adults: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['radiological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal trauma', 'spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Blood @entity26 level-dependent functional MR imaging ( @entity7994 ) is a clinically useful technique for preoperative mapping of eloquent cortices in @entity1 with @entity1313 . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on @entity7994 accuracy of susceptibility artifacts caused by prior surgery by comparing volumes of activation in the @entity550 ( @entity550 ) of @entity1 with and without prior brain surgery. METHODS: The volumes of fMRI activation of the @entity550 were measured for the @entity5 and nontumor sides in @entity1 with (n = 13) and without (n = 30) prior neurosurgery. Statistical comparisons of the volumes were performed by using paired t tests and linear regression analysis. The location and degree of susceptibility artifact were subjectively assessed. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the mean @entity5 and nontumor volumes of fMRI activations in @entity1 without prior surgery (P = .51). In @entity1 who had prior surgery, the volume of activation was significantly smaller on the side of the prior operation when compared with the contralateral side (P = .001). The volume of activation on the side of the @entity5 was also significantly smaller in the @entity1 with prior surgery compared with those without prior surgery (P < .001). Nevertheless, the @entity550 was identified in all cases, and its location was confirmed intraoperatively. CONCLUSION: Prior surgery is associated with a decrease in the volume of fMRI activation in @entity1 with prior surgery; however, by examining the T2 images, an astute radiologist can recognize this phenomenon, draw the appropriate conclusions, and correctly identify the @entity550 .

title: The effect of prior surgery on blood XXXX level-dependent functional MR imaging in the preoperative assessment of @entity1313 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['PMC', 'primary motor cortex']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate the temperature and pH changes taking place at the slaughter line and during the chilling process, and the subsequent effect on meat and eating quality in @entity1707 carcasses that had either been scalded and singed or dehided. Both processes were followed by fast chilling. 219 @entity1508 -gene-free Duroc Sire and Landrace-Yorkshire @entity1707 were delivered from three farms and slaughtered over 2 weeks at either a dehiding or a scalding singeing slaughterhouse. Temperature and pH were measured at intervals from exsanguination until 6 hours post mortem. Ultimate pH, internal reflection, @entity393 and colour (Minolta) were measured the day after slaughter. Colour (JPCS scale) was evaluated after freezing and thawing, and eating quality was estimated on unaged and aged (4 days at 4  C) m. longissimus dorsi (LD), using a trained taste panel. At the slaughter line the dehided carcasses had an almost constant and lower temperature compared to the scalded and singed carcasses. During chilling there is a shift in temperature curves between treatments, where the scalded carcasses had the lowest muscle temperature in LD and m. biceps femoris (BF) from 2hr post mortem and throughout the measuring period. In spite of the shift in temperature, the dehided carcasses had the highest pH in LD and BF from exsanguination and throughout the measuring period. The rate of pH fall in LD and BF was slowest in the dehided carcasses from exsanguination until 3 and 2hr respectively, post mortem. Dehided carcasses showed a 40% lower @entity393 , a darker meat colour and a lower internal reflection in LD and BF compared to scalded and singed carcasses, thus indicating less protein denaturation in dehided carcasses. Scalding and singeing, however, lead to increased tenderness compared to dehiding, and this difference persisted even after ageing for 4 days at 4  C. The differences in toughness may be caused by increased proteolysis by released lysosomal cathepsins.

title: Comparison of Dehiding versus Scalding and Singeing: Effect on Temperature, pH and Meat Quality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['drip loss']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cerebral protection and circulatory management remains a controversial issue in aortic arch surgery. The present study reported surgical outcomes of arch repair using moderate hypothermic @entity1167 (MHCA) and unilateral selective antegrade perfusion (uSACP). METHODS: From January 2004 and December 2012, 500 @entity1 underwent @entity14183 ( @entity14183 ) and 124 underwent @entity6127 ( @entity6127 ) utilizing moderate hypothermic @entity1167 with unilateral selective antegrade cerebral perfusion of the right axillary artery. Emergent surgery was required in 142 (28.4%) of @entity14183 @entity1 and 18 (14.5%) of @entity6127 @entity1 . Mean arrest temperature ranged from 25.6-27.2   C for elective and emergent operations in both groups. Mean @entity1167 was 26.8 minutes for hemiarch repairs and 54.2 minutes for @entity6127 . RESULTS: Overall mortality was 6.6% for hemiarch repairs and 9.7% for total arch replacements. Hospital mortality was 4.5% (16/358) and 10.4% (11/106) in elective cases, and 12% (17/142) and 5.6% (1/18) in elective cases, for hemiarch and total arch replacements respectively. Permanent @entity51 (PND) occurred in 3 @entity6127 cases (2.4%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that temperature was not found to be an independent risk factor during hemiarch or total arch replacements for mortality, permanent or @entity51 , or @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: Our approach for hemiarch and total arch repair utilizing MHCA and uSACP via the right axillary artery was associated excellent neurological and survival outcomes. Moderate @entity2332 did not adversely impact cerebral or visceral organ protection.

title: Aortic arch surgery using moderate XXXX and unilateral selective antegrade cerebral perfusion.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit', 'neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity14183 :: ('MESH:D049914', 'Disease') :: ['hemiarch repair', 'HARCH']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity6127 :: ('MESH:D007569', 'Disease') :: ['TARCH', 'total arch replacement']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals diagnosed with serious mental illnesses are at increased risk of @entity28 - and cardiovascular-related morbidity and early mortality. Lifestyle interventions aimed at @entity353 , even those adapted to suit the needs of this particular subgroup, have rarely produced clinically meaningful reductions in weight. METHODS/DESIGN: The STRIDE study is a multi-site, parallel, two-arm randomized controlled translational trial. @entity1 were recruited from community mental health clinics and an integrated not-for-profit health system. @entity1 were randomized either to usual care or to a 12-month intervention that consisted of: 1) weekly group participation for six months covering topics on nutrition, physical activity and lifestyle changes; 2) monthly group participation for an additional six month maintenance period; and 3) individual monthly contacts from intervention group facilitators during the second six month phase. All @entity1 are assessed at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months post-enrollment. Process and implementation evaluations are included and the study design includes a cost-utility analysis. @entity1 include 200 individuals with serious @entity1032 with an average age of 47.1 years, a mean body-mass index of 38.3 kg/m(2) and taking an average of 3.2 psychiatric medications at baseline. Baseline physiological measures included mean blood pressure ( @entity13519 / @entity13520 ) measurements of 119.2 (SD = 14.7)/79.4 (SD = 10.1); 35% reported a @entity101 diagnosis and 11% took antihypertensive medications. Average lipid levels (mg/dL) were: a) @entity1674 188.0 (SD = 138.6), ranged from 43 to 1145; b) LDL 101.4 (SD = 32.9) and ranged from 17 to 185; c) HDL 45.8 (SD = 12.7) and ranged from 22 to 89; and d) total @entity165 181.6 (SD = 39.7) and ranged from 50 to 324. Average fasting @entity413 levels were 108.9 (SD = 32.5) and ranged from 24 to 289. Average fasting insulin levels were 13.0 (SD=11.9) and ranged from 2 to 99. DISCUSSION: The STRIDE study is based on a modified version of the PREMIER comprehensive lifestyle intervention, DASH diet arm. STRIDE has successfully enrolled 200 individuals with serious @entity1032 in community-based settings. Baseline characteristics present a population at high risk for @entity28 -related negative health outcomes and demonstrate the need for evidence-based interventions to reduce these risks. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov NCT00790517.

title: STRIDE: a randomized trial of a lifestyle intervention to promote XXXX among individuals taking antipsychotic medications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate whether different circadian blood pressure (BP) changes could influence the occurrence of @entity63 episodes in untreated and treated @entity101 @entity1 with stable @entity453 ( @entity453 ). BACKGROUND: In @entity101 @entity1 with @entity453 the occurrence of @entity741 could be influenced by either high or low BP values. Ambulatory monitoring has shown that circadian BP profile is not uniform in @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with a nighttime BP fall < 10% ("nondippers"), 35 with a nighttime BP fall between > 10% and < 20% ("dippers") and 14 with a nighttime BP fall > 20% ("overdippers") with @entity453 underwent simultaneous ambulatory BP and electrocardiographic monitoring before and during drug therapy with @entity3362 and @entity2165 or @entity1855 in a prospective, randomized, open, blinded end point design. RESULTS: Daytime BP was not significantly different among the groups both before and during therapy. Nighttime BP was different by definition. Treatment significantly reduced BP values in each group (p < 0.05). Daytime @entity63 episodes did not differ among the groups either before or during therapy. Drug therapy significantly reduced daytime @entity63 (p < 0.05). In untreated @entity1 , nighttime @entity63 was more frequent in nondippers than in dippers and overdippers (p < 0.05). Drug therapy significantly reduced @entity63 in nondippers (p < 0.05), had no significant effect in dippers and significantly increased nighttime @entity63 in overdippers (p < 0.05). During treatment, nighttime @entity63 was more frequent in overdippers than in dippers and nondippers (p < 0.05). The same results were achieved when @entity63 episodes were defined with more restrictive criteria ( @entity308 > or = 2 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Circadian BP changes can influence the occurrence of @entity741 in untreated and treated @entity101 @entity1 with @entity453 . Nocturnal @entity63 was found to be more frequent in nondippers among untreated @entity1 and in overdippers among treated @entity1 , potentially suggesting different therapeutic approaches based on circadian BP profile.

title: Circadian blood pressure changes and @entity741 in @entity101 XXXX with @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Experimental autoimmune anterior @entity1596 (EAAU) can be induced in Lewis @entity35 with @entity291 melanin associated antigen (MAA) extracted from the iris/ciliary body (CB) and does not require adjuvant. The present investigation was undertaken to study the expression of various cytokines in EAAU. METHODS: Lewis @entity35 were immunized with @entity291 MAA and sacrificed at various time points. The iris/CB and popliteal lymph nodes were harvested, and total RNA isolated. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was utilized to determine the mRNA expression of @entity3692 , @entity1505 , @entity5041 , @entity12718 , @entity568 and @entity13358 . RESULTS: @entity1505 mRNA levels in iris/CB paralleled the course of EAAU and increased dramatically at the peak of disease. However, mRNA levels of @entity1505 demonstrated little change in the popliteal lymph node. @entity3692 mRNA was barely detectable in the iris/CB and increased only slightly at the peak of disease. In contrast, @entity3692 mRNA levels in the popliteal lymph node paralleled the course of disease and increased during the peak of disease. @entity13358 mRNA did not change in the iris/CB but increased modestly in the popliteal lymph node. @entity5041 , @entity12718 , and @entity568 mRNA levels did not change during the course of EAAU in either tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals an interesting correlation between the expression of @entity1505 , @entity3692 and disease progression in EAAU. Furthermore, they suggest that @entity1505 is an important cytokine in the target tissue, while @entity3692 is in the draining lymph node.

title: Kinetics of cytokine production in experimental autoimmune anterior XXXX (EAAU).

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: @entity9161 constitutes a major cause of @entity454 . Independently of blood pressure control, ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) are considered to be more nephroprotective than other antihypertensive agents. We have reviewed the long-term evolution of renal function in our series of essential @entity101 @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity9161 when first seen in our unit. The analysis was performed depending on whether or not their antihypertensive therapy contained an ACEI alone or in combination for the whole follow-up. The end point was defined as the confirmation of a 50% reduction in @entity1011 clearance or entry in a dialysis program. A historical cohort of 295 @entity1 was included in the analysis. Mean follow-up was 7.4+/-3.9 years. @entity6 prevalence was higher in ACEI-treated @entity1 (25.7% versus 7.1%, P=0.000), but the diagnosis of @entity2316 could not be confirmed on clinical grounds, including renal biopsy. Twenty-three out of 183 (12.6%) @entity1 in the ACEI group and 23 out of 112 (20.5%) @entity1 in the non-ACEI group experienced a renal event (P=0.0104 by log rank test). Similar results were observed when only nondiabetic @entity1 were considered for the analysis. Cox regression analysis showed that baseline serum @entity1011 , absence of ACEI administration, mean @entity644 during follow-up, and age were independent predictors for the development of a renal event. In @entity101 @entity9161 , therapy containing an ACEI alone or in combination significantly reduces the incidence of renal events. This effect is independent of blood pressure control.

title: ACE inhibitors and appearance of renal events in XXXX @entity9161 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity9161 :: ('MESH:D009400', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrosclerosis', 'nephrosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies reported on post-radiation @entity242 . However, the incidence, latency from radiation therapy, treatment, and survival has been difficult to evaluate. We performed a retrospective, single-institutional study to determine these factors for post-radiation @entity242 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 52 @entity1 with post-radiation @entity242 diagnosed and treated from 1985 to 2011. The mean age was 49 years; 45 @entity1 had bone and 7 soft tissue @entity242 . The mean follow-up was 45 months. Survival was analyzed with respect to age at diagnosis, type (bone vs. soft tissue), histology, location (trunk vs. extremities), size, and surgical treatment (resection vs. amputation). RESULTS: The risk of post-radiation @entity242 was 0.06% at a mean latency of 15 years (3-50 years) after radiation therapy. The most common histology was @entity421 followed by malignant @entity82 and @entity1492 ; all @entity242 were high grade. Survival of the @entity1 with post-radiation @entity242 was 85% at 1 year, 51% at 2 years, 48% at 3 years, and 45% at 5 years. Univariate predictor of survival was only the type of the @entity242 . No variable was significant in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis of post-radiation @entity242 is poor; the type of the @entity242 is the only significant variable for survival.

title: Post-radiation sarcomas. Clinical outcome of 52 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As a result of prolonged survival, more @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) participate in the labour force. The aim of this study was to evaluate their education, occupation levels and risk factors for @entity717 . METHOD: 207 @entity1 answered a self-administered questionnaire about their educational level and work status. Independently, medical records were reviewed for illness severity indicators. RESULTS: 39 @entity1 (19%) were students, 117 (57%) were in the labour force, 13 (6%) were seeking employment and 38 (18%) were inactive. @entity1577 @entity1 had a higher educational level and were more likely to hold skilled jobs and to work part time than the general population. FEV1 and educational level were the strongest predictive factors of disability. CONCLUSION: Many @entity1577 @entity1 have access to professional life. Their higher educational levels improve the chances of attaining employment, which highlights the need for career counselling. Working part time helps to maintain employment despite declining health.

title: XXXX in adults with @entity1577 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Employment and work disability']


abstract: The hospital-wide attack rate for @entity2718 -associated @entity294 at our tertiary-care university hospital was 0.02 per 100 @entity1 discharges (0.02%) in 1982, but 0.41% and 1.47% in 1986 and 1987, respectively, with a peak incidence of 2.25% in the fourth quarter of 1987. Hospital antibiotic usage patterns showed concurrent increased use of third-generation cephalosporins, and intravenous vancomycin and metronidazole. Thirty-seven cases selected for study were older than 37 control @entity1 , more likely to have an underlying @entity5 and less likely hospitalized on the obstetrics/gynecology service. Their mean duration of hospitalization prior to diagnosis was 21 days, versus a mean total length of stay of eight days for controls. All cases received antibiotics, compared to 24 of the controls. Cases were given more antibiotics for longer periods, and more often received clindamycin, third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and vancomycin. Gender, race, duration of hospitalization, prior surgery and antiulcer therapy were not significant by logistic regression analysis. Epidemiologic variables with significantly different adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were age greater than 65 years (14.1, 1.4-141), intensive care unit residence (39.2, 2.2-713), gastrointestinal procedure (23.2, 2.1-255) and more than ten antibiotic days (summation of days of each antibiotic administered) (16.1, 2.2-117). Control measures included encouraging earlier isolation and treatment of suspected cases and formulary restriction of clindamycin, with use of metronidazole for therapy of anaerobic infections. By the second half of 1988, the attack rate had dropped progressively to 0.74%.

title: Risk factors for XXXX toxin-associated @entity294 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: In @entity1 , high fat meals cause postprandial activation of @entity1003 factor VII (FVII), but @entity1 studies have not provided definite evidence for a prothrombotic effect of dietary FVII activation. An animal model would be an attractive way to pursue this question and therefore we tested the LEW/Mol @entity35 . We gavaged 3 mL of a fat emulsion (n = 42) or 3 mL isotonic @entity413 (n = 42). Blood was sampled by heart puncture 2, 4 and 6 h (n = 14/group at each time) after the fat/ @entity413 load. Furthermore, blood was sampled from 16 untreated @entity35 to determine the baseline levels. @entity412 concentrations, activated FVII (FVIIa), FVII coagulant activity (FVIIc), FVII amidolytic activity (FVIIam) and @entity10647 ( @entity10647 ) were determined. After fat administration, @entity1674 were significantly elevated at 2 h (1.29 mmol/L) and 4 h (1.37 mmol/L) compared with baseline (0.78 mmol/L), and FVIIa was significantly raised at 4 h (54 U/L) and 6 h (58 U/L) compared with baseline (29 U/L). No postprandial changes in FVIIc, FVIIam and @entity10647 were observed. @entity413 administration did not affect any variable. We conclude that the LEW/Mol @entity35 is a promising model for use in future studies of thrombotic effects of dietary FVII activation.

title: A high fat meal activates XXXX factor VII in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity10647 :: ('MESH:D020152', 'Disease') :: ['TAT', 'thrombin-antithrombin complexes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['blood coagulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The present study investigates whether early continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) is effective for decreasing intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and serum @entity310 in @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ) @entity1 of @entity656 ( @entity656 ), and to study the correlation between IAP and serum @entity310 level. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-five @entity8479 @entity1 of @entity656 were treated in the ICU and underwent CVVH. IAP and blood level of @entity310 were measured daily to investigate their time-course of changes and the correlation between the two parameters. RESULTS: IAP on admission to the ICU was high (22.9  2.1 mmHg). The IAP was significantly lower (17.2  2.2 mmHg; p <0.01) 24 h after initiation of CVVH, and thereafter decreased rapidly. Mean the blood level of @entity310 was high (59.9  18.2 ng/L) on admission. However, it significantly decreased (41.1  12.8 ng/L; p <0.01) 24 h after initiation of CVVH, and subsequently decreased. There was a significant positive correlation between blood level of @entity310 and IAP (r = 0.53, p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: CVVH significantly decreased IAP and @entity310 in @entity8479 @entity1 of @entity656 . @entity310 was significantly correlated with IAP, suggesting that @entity310 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity8479 . Early CVVH can improve vascular permeability through elimination of cytokines such as @entity310 , and thereby decrease interstitial @entity4 to lower IAP and should be applied in the early stages of @entity8479 .

title: Management of @entity8479 in XXXX @entity1 with early continuous veno-venous hemofiltration.

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'severe acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome', 'ACS']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['severe acute pancreatitis']


abstract: @entity1707 weaned at young ages show more abnormal and @entity146 and @entity73 compared to later weaned @entity1707 . We investigated the effects of age, weaning and/or social isolation on the expression of genes regulating glucocorticoid response [glucocorticoid receptor (GR), @entity46364 ( @entity46364 ), @entity11331 dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (11beta-HSD1 and 11beta-HSD2)] in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Early- (EW; n = 6) and conventionally-weaned (CW; n = 6) piglets were weaned at 10 and 21 days after birth, respectively. Non-weaned (NW) piglets of both ages (NW; n = 6/group) remained with their dams. Immediately before euthanasia, half of CW, EW and NW animals were socially isolated for 15 min at 12 (EW, NW) and 23 (CW, NW) days of age. Differences in amounts of 11beta-HSD1, 11beta-HSD2, GR and MR mRNA were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and data subjected to multivariate linear mixed model analysis. When compared with NW piglets at 12 days of age, the hippocampi of EW piglets showed decreased gene expression (P < 0.01). Social isolation decreased gene expression (P < 0.05) in the frontal cortex of all piglets. Twelve-day-old piglets showed higher MR mRNA in the frontal cortex (P < 0.01) and lower 11beta-HSD2 and GR mRNA (P < 0.05) in the hippocampus compared to 23-day-old animals. Results indicate that EW affected the hippocampus of piglets at 12 days of age, while social isolation affected frontal cortex regardless of age. These results may be correlated with behavioral and cognitive changes reported in EW piglets.

title: Effects of early weaning and social isolation on the expression of glucocorticoid and @entity46364 and XXXX dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mRNAs in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of piglets.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity46364 :: ('397452(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['MR', 'mineralocorticoid receptor']

entities_list: @entity11331 :: ('CHEBI:35346', 'Chemical') :: ['11beta-hydroxysteroid']

answer: @entity11331 :: (CHEBI:35346,Chemical) :: ['11beta-hydroxysteroid']


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our critical care center after pouring lamp oil on herself and setting herself on fire. Diagnosed with chronic @entity99 , she had received interferon-alpha at another hospital. During interferon therapy she developed @entity148 , @entity146 , @entity22 , and @entity308 . At our hospital she underwent fluid resuscitation according to the method of Baxter. After treatment with topical cream and ointment, she underwent skin grafting. Interferon was not given. After discharge, wound healing proved satisfactory. She was intelligent and insightful, and her mental condition remained stable with no apparent emotional problems. As she had no significant past medical or @entity146 history and no history of @entity734 , we believe that her @entity308 was a side effect of interferon therapy. A number of reports have described @entity308 and other @entity146 associated with interferon, but none of these accounts have concerned burns sustained in suicide attempts. This case underscores the potential seriousness of adverse reactions to interferon characterized by @entity132 and also illustrates that physicians who treat burn @entity1 need to have an understanding of affective disorders and unusual side effects of medication.

title: Burns in a suicide attempt related to XXXX side effects of interferon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disturbance']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'irritability']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['sleeplessness']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single lung transplantation is an established procedure for the treatment of @entity1576 resulting from @entity2415 . Initial concerns suggested that ventilation/perfusion mismatch may result in an unsatisfactory outcome, but good clinical results proved those concerns to be unfounded. However, a proportion of @entity1 have had development of @entity358 ( @entity358 ), with increased morbidity and mortality rates. This study was undertaken to evaluate the factors that might predict those @entity1 with @entity2415 who are at greatest risk for development of @entity358 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 27 @entity1 who underwent 31 single lung transplantations for @entity2415 . The @entity1 were divided into two groups: group A, 12 @entity1 with development of acute or chronic @entity358 , and group B, 15 @entity1 without development of hyperinflation. @entity358 was defined as radiologic mediastinal shift with flattening of the ipsilateral diaphragm associated with @entity1576 or hemodynamic instability. All preoperative and postoperative data from recipients and data from donors were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no differences between the two groups regarding age, preoperative partial pressure of @entity26 , partial pressure of @entity544 , acid-base status, donor lung size and physiological structure, side of transplantation, primary pathologic condition, rejection score, infection episodes and @entity5924 in the transplanted lung after operation. @entity1 with @entity358 had a significantly higher preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure of 31.6 mm Hg (confidence interval [CI] 26.7 to 35.7), transpulmonary gradient of 20.5 mm Hg (CI 17.4 to 23.5), a lower mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 427 ml (CI 352 to 502), and higher mean residual volume of 4450 ml (CI 3769 to 5132). The duration of ventilation, 168 hours (CI 45 to 290), and the postoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure of 26 mm Hg (CI 23 to 28.7) are significantly higher in the hyperinflation group. Early death in group A (n = 5) was higher than in group B (no deaths) (p = 0.02). Six @entity1 in group A required surgical treatment (two early native lung volume reductions, two early ipsilateral retransplantations, and two late contralateral transplantations). Group A @entity1 tended to have poorer long-term lung function after transplantation, with reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and higher residual volume (p = NS). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with end-stage @entity2415 and relative @entity120 , severe @entity1224 , and air trapping are at greatest risk for development of early and late @entity358 . In this subgroup of @entity1 , an alternative treatment strategy may be considered.

title: Single lung transplantation for XXXX : predictors for @entity358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['obliterative bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['NLH', 'native lung hyperinflation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'respiratory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incontinence of stool and flatus are frequent complications of childbirth. We examined the prevalence and possible causes of these adverse outcomes in a large cohort of @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 949 pregnant @entity1 who gave birth in 5 hospitals in 1995/96 in the province of Quebec. These @entity1 , @entity1 in a randomized controlled trial of prenatal perineal massage, completed a self-administered questionnaire 3 months after giving birth. RESULTS: Three months after delivery 29 @entity1 (3.1%) reported @entity322 of stool, and 242 (25.5%) had involuntary escape of flatus. Incontinence of stool was more frequent among @entity1 who delivered vaginally and had third- or fourth-degree perineal tears than among those who delivered vaginally and had no anal sphincter tears (7.8% v. 2.9%). Forceps delivery (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.08) and anal sphincter tears (adjusted RR 2.09, 95% CI 1.40-3.13) were independent risk factors for @entity322 of flatus or stool or both. @entity130 was strongly and independently associated with first vaginal birth (RR 39.2, 95% CI 5.4-282.5), median episiotomy (adjusted RR 9.6, 95% CI 3.2-28.5), forceps delivery (adjusted RR 12.3, 95% CI 3.0-50.4) and vacuum-assisted delivery (adjusted RR 7.4, 95% CI 1.9-28.5) but not with birth weight (adjusted RR for nirth weight 4000 g or more: 1.4, 95% CI 0.6-3.0) or length of the second stage of labour (adjusted RR for second stage 1.5 hours or longer compared with less than 0.5 hours: 1.2, 95% CI 0.5-2.7). INTERPRETATION: @entity322 is associated with forceps delivery and anal sphincter laceration. Anal sphincter laceration is strongly predicted by first vaginal birth, median episiotomy, and forceps or vacuum delivery but not by birth weight or length of the second stage of labour.

title: XXXX after childbirth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence', 'Anal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Anal sphincter injury']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['Anal incontinence']


abstract: The present study therefore assessed the deleterious effects of MLs ( @entity3070 , abamectin, @entity50685 and moxidectin) on the reproductive parameters of engorged Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus females that naturally detached from experimentally infested @entity291 in two experiments. The following reproductive parameters of engorged female ticks were analyzed: female weight, egg mass weight, percentage of hatchability, percentage of reduction in oviposition, percentage of reduction in hatchability, reproductive efficiency and percent control/efficacy of formulations with respect to reproductive parameters. In the experiment I, statistical analysis of the data grouped into 5-days intervals revealed that pour-on application of abamectin (500 mcg/kg) had significantly (p  <= 0.05) reduced engorged female weight, egg mass weight and percent hatchability on days 6-15, 6-20 and 11-20 post-treatment (p. t.) compared to the respective data for detached and pre-selected engorged females in the control group. The abamectin, demonstrated 33.41% of reduction in oviposition, 6.77% in hatchability and abamectin efficacy was of 13.99%. In the experiment II, statistically significant reductions (p >=  0.05) were observed in animals treated subcutaneous with ivermectin (630 mcg/kg), @entity50685 (700 mcg/kg) and moxidectin (1000 mcg/kg) relative to the control for days 6-40, 6-48 and 6-40 p. t., respectively. Ivermectin reduced hatchability only on days 16-20 p. t., whereas @entity50685 significantly reduced (p  <= 0.05) hatchability on days 6-10 and 16-35 p. t. For moxidectin, deleterious effects on hatchability were observed on days 16-35 p. t. The percent reductions in oviposition of engorged female ticks were 46.31%, 62.17% and 61.02% with ivermectin, @entity50685 and @entity30635 treatments, respectively. The percent efficacy of the formulations on the reproductive parameters of engorged female ticks was 21.22% for ivermectin, 36.03% for @entity50685 and 35.45% for moxidectin. Among the MLs assessed, @entity50685 and moxidectin had the highest acaricidal efficacies and the most deleterious effects on the reproductive parameters of engorged R. (B.) microplus females. However, future studies will be necessary to assess the extent to which these effects, along with acaricidal activity, can be used to control the ectoparasite in @entity291 .

title: Effects of macrocyclic lactones on the reproductive parameters of engorged Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus females detached from experimentally infested XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity30635 :: ('MESH:C027837', 'Chemical') :: ['moxidectin']

entities_list: @entity50685 :: ('MESH:C084101', 'Chemical') :: ['doramectin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity7493 ( @entity7493 ) diet induces @entity8 and promotes aging, and calorie restriction (CR) may ameliorate these responses. However, the effects of long-term @entity7493 and CR on @entity8 and aging have been not fully determined. Autophagy plays a crucial role in removing protein aggregates and damaged organelles to maintain intracellular homeostasis and function. The role of autophagy in @entity7493 -induced @entity8 is unknown. METHODS: We evaluated the expression of @entity5615 /Atg8 as a marker of the autophagosome; @entity28190 / @entity47126 ; polyubiquitin aggregates as markers of autophagy flux; @entity47127 , @entity47128 , Parkin and @entity34714 as markers of mitophagy; @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ) as a marker of DNA oxidative damage; and @entity11754 as a marker of organ aging by western blot and immunohistochemical staining in the kidneys of 24-month-old Fischer 344 @entity35 . We also observed mitochondrial structure and autolysosomes by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Expression of the autophagosome formation marker @entity5615 /Atg8 and markers of mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) were markedly decreased in the kidneys of the @entity7493 group, and markedly increased in CR kidneys. @entity28190 / @entity47126 and polyubiquitin aggregates increased in @entity7493 kidneys, and decreased in CR kidneys. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that @entity7493 kidneys showed severe abnormal mitochondrial morphology with fewer autolysosomes, while CR kidneys exhibited normal mitochondrial morphology with numerous autolysosomes. The level of @entity7599 was increased in @entity7493 kidneys and decreased in CR kidneys. Markers of aging, such as @entity11754 and senescence-associated-galactosidase, were increased significantly in the @entity7493 group and decreased significantly in the CR group. CONCLUSION: The study firstly suggests that @entity7493 diet inhibits renal autophagy and aggravates renal oxidative damage and aging, while CR enhances renal autophagy and ameliorates oxidative damage and aging in the kidneys.

title: Mitochondrial autophagy involving @entity8 and aging is modulated by caloric intake in aged XXXX kidneys.

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['high-calorie', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-OHdG', '8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity5684 ( @entity5684 ) may develop progressive multi-level @entity1224 . Despite the unique challenges presented by these complex @entity1 , tracheostomy remains an important intervention to safeguard the airway when other interventions have failed or when the @entity1224 involves multiple sites. Airway involvement is largely responsible for the significant anaesthetic risk seen in @entity5684 . We reviewed our tertiary unit's experience of tracheostomies in @entity1 with @entity5684 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: Case note review of @entity5684 @entity1 requiring tracheostomy at our tertiary institution. The primary outcome measure used for this study was complications following tracheostomy. RESULTS: We identified 10 @entity5684 @entity1 requiring tracheostomy to manage @entity1224 . Mean age at which tracheostomy was 11 years 2 months (range 4 years 6 months to 28 years 10 months). Tracheostomy insertion was indicated in 3 scenarios: (1) to safeguard an anticipated difficult airway prior to a planned non-ENT surgical procedure, (2) to treat refractory progressive @entity1224 and (3) emergency airway management. Complications recorded included infratip and suprastomal granulations, local wound @entity281 and skin ulceration from mechanical @entity130 . There were no immediate @entity260 . CONCLUSIONS: Progressive @entity1224 is common in @entity1 with @entity5684 . Tracheostomy is an effective way of managing @entity1224 when less invasive interventions are no longer adequate. Tracheostomy in these @entity1 can be technically difficult and although the complications of tracheostomy in @entity5684 do not significantly differ from other @entity1 groups, the implications and management complexity vary considerably. The impact of ERT on @entity1224 is not yet fully understood, with tracheostomies likely to remain an important airway adjunct in some @entity1 who fail to respond to ERT, or in those @entity1 surviving into adulthood. It is vital that a multidisciplinary team, comprising clinicians with experience in managing such @entity1 , are involved in airway management of @entity1 with @entity5684 to enable the best standard of care to be given. The significant additional implications of a tracheostomy in a @entity1 with @entity5684 , in terms of safety, aftercare and potentially life-threatening complications must be discussed in detail with the @entity1 's family and/or carers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2c.

title: Tracheostomy in XXXX ( @entity5684 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5684 :: ('MESH:D016532', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis type II', 'MPS II']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway obstruction', 'airway obstruction']

answer: @entity5684 :: (MESH:D016532,Disease) :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis type II']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity71 ( @entity71 ) is the most important cause of poor academic performance and is also usually associated with behavioural, @entity74 . AIM: To analyse the different clinical features and the response to psychostimulant therapy, according to the age. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the cases of 152 @entity1 referred to Neuropaediatrics owing to suspected @entity71 over a 6-year period. Diagnosis and comorbidity were investigated by the looking at their case history, by examination and observation, as well as by interviewing the parents (DSM-IV criteria), and by applying Conners' Rating Scale for parents and teachers, in addition to neuropsychological tests. In order to improve data processing, we established four groups according to the @entity1 's age at diagnosis and when treatment was started: G1: 3-5; G2: 6-8; G3: 9-11; and G4: 12-15 years. RESULTS: @entity71 was diagnosed in 102 of the 152 @entity1 ; 53% had the combined type, 26% were of the inattentional type, and 20% were @entity2915 /impulsive. Poor school performance increased with age and reached 75% in G4. The same occurred with @entity9054 : at 6 years of age, 23% were found to have @entity952 , and from the age of 9 onwards over 60% of them had @entity9054 . Up until 12 years of age they showed some improvement with psychostimulants and later the rate of dropouts from medical clinical controls and from treatment was over 40%. CONCLUSIONS: The older @entity1 are and the later @entity71 is attended, the more problems they have. If successful preventive measures are to be implemented, it would be advisable to begin treatment even before @entity1 start primary education (5 years old), so as to try and avoid the pedagogical and behavioural repercussions observed in these @entity1 at the age of 6.

title: [The clinical semiology of attention XXXX according to age, and the effectiveness of treatments at different ages].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactive']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['emotional and sociability disorders']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduct disorders']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional defiant disorder']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['deficit hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diet is thought to be important in the etiology of @entity14 . Studies suggest that a diet high in red meat and saturated fat and low in dietary fiber and vegetables may increase @entity5 risk. Diet may also be important in the development of @entity2513 that are precursors of most @entity14 , but this hypothesis has not been well studied. PURPOSE: This case-control study was designed to examine the effects of dietary consumption of @entity165 , fiber (vegetables, fruits, beans, and grains), and macronutrients (protein, @entity1735 , and fat) on risk for @entity2513 . METHODS: Analyses were based on data from 236 subjects (105 @entity1 and 131 @entity1 ) with histologically confirmed @entity652 (cases) and 409 @entity652 -free control subjects (165 @entity1 and 244 @entity1 ), all of whom had had colonoscopy. Case and control subjects were similar with respect to gender, body mass, race, marital status, education, and indications for colonoscopy. Using a validated quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, an experienced graduate nutritionist interviewed each subject by telephone. Sex-specific analyses were conducted because the ranges of nutrient intake were substantially different for @entity1 and @entity1 . Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated according to quintiles of nutrient intake. RESULTS: @entity1735 intake was inversely related to @entity652 in @entity1 (P for trend = .002). Compared with @entity1 in the lowest quintile of @entity1735 consumption, those in the highest quintile were 60% less likely to develop @entity652 (OR = 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19-0.80). Intake of fruit (P for trend = .028) and intake of fiber derived from vegetables and fruits (P for trend = .012) were also inversely related to @entity652 in @entity1 . Total fat showed a positive association in @entity1 (P for trend = .004), with an OR of 2.69 for the highest versus the lowest quintile (95% CI = 1.31-5.50). Results were comparable for saturated fat (P for trend = .027). The risks in @entity1 were generally similar in direction and magnitude but were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that a diet high in fat and low in @entity3363 , fruits, and fruit and vegetable fiber increases risk not only for @entity14 but also for precursor @entity2513 . IMPLICATIONS: These results, which are consistent with findings of other investigators, suggest that environmental factors, influencing risk for @entity14 , such as a high-risk diet, may lead to development of the precursor @entity652 .

title: Diet and risk of @entity2513 : macronutrients, XXXX , and fiber.

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma risk', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: The role of topical @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) in treating common warts is not well defined. We tried to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of combination cryotherapy and topical 5% @entity1487 ointment in the treatment of common warts. The study was a single-centre, double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. In the study, 80 @entity1 with common warts were randomized into two groups and underwent two 10-second freeze/thaw cycles of cryotherapy with liquid @entity1568 once every three weeks for a maximum of five treatments. Between treatments, @entity1 applied either topical 5% @entity1487 ointment (group A) or placebo aqueous cream (group B) twice daily. The mean +/- SD reduction in wart area was 58.57 +/- 0.06% in group A and 65.29 +/- 0.06% in group B. In total, 19 @entity1 in group A and 24 @entity1 in group B had wart size reduced by 75% or more (P = 0.50), while 12 @entity1 in group A and 17 @entity1 in group B had clearance of their warts (P = 0.245). Logistic regression with age, sex, smoking status, immune status, site, duration and number of warty lesions, history of previous treatment, and treatment group found that only a history of previous treatment and @entity75 were significant adverse predictors of improvement. There was no significant difference in the number of adverse events between the two groups, although there was a trend towards more @entity158 and blistering associated with topical @entity1487 . We concluded that topical @entity1487 has no added benefit in treating common warts with cryotherapy.

title: Topical XXXX has no additional benefit in treating common warts with cryotherapy: a single-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['acral lesions']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: Reports of @entity1157 are from tertiary care institutions and, therefore, may not report the spectrum of management that these @entity1 receive in the care of these injuries. From June 14,1990 (the first operation) to June 30, 1995, 2654 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LCs) were reviewed at this community hospital medical center to determine risk factors contributing to the etiology of these injuries, time and symptoms at presentation, duration of illness, and management of these injuries. None of the 13 general surgeons practicing during this time period had laparoscopic training in a general surgical residency. There were six major @entity1157 (0.25%), of which five were available for further review. All occurred in @entity1 with @entity2963 and chronic @entity2679 . Two operations were routine and two were associated with @entity253 . In two @entity1 , the injuries were detected at LCs and definitive biliary-enteric anastomoses were performed immediately. Three @entity1 presented at 2, 15, and 42 days after LC. In two @entity1 , one or more operative procedures were performed before definitive repair and these @entity1 were referred to tertiary care centers. One @entity1 was managed with sequential CT-guided drainage catheters after attempted closure of the defect. The length of illness for these five @entity1 was 8, 69, 348, 402, and 435 days with a follow-up of 245, 345, 531, 575, and 1088 days. Laparoscopic experience before injury by the operating surgeon was 3, 26, 35, 77, and 333 operations. Major biliary tract injuries occurred during routine cholecystectomy, length of illness was substantial for most @entity1 , and biliary-enteric @entity254 was definitive for four of the five @entity1 . The operating surgeons' "learning curve" did not seem as important as in other studies.

title: XXXX during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a community's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injuries']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract anomalies']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['Bile duct injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is known that in vivo platelet survival varies as the platelet count changes. Previous attempts at curve fitting fail to predict the decreased platelet survival in @entity1148 . Therefore, mathematical relations that more closely approximate platelet survival were derived and used in models of platelet transfusion practice. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A differential equation for platelet loss was derived that included a constant (constant homeostatic loss), a first-order term (senescent loss), and a second-order term (one proportional to the square of the platelet concentration and whose contribution is expected to be significant only at higher platelet concentrations). Data derived from this model was compared to platelet survival data in normal, @entity882 , and thrombocythemic @entity1 and to the @entity1423 after high-dose chemotherapy. To provide further validation of this model, predicted and actual platelet requirements were calculated or obtained (chart review) in bone marrow @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity882 after ablation and at two platelet-transfusion thresholds (20 and 10 x 10(9)/L). RESULTS: The equations accurately modeled normal, @entity882 , and thrombocythemic platelet survival. Chart review demonstrated a 12.5 percent reduction in platelet transfusion requirements when the transfusion threshold was reduced from 20 to 10 x 10(9) per L. The model predicted a reduction of 14.0 percent. For 100 days of uncomplicated @entity882 and a transfusion threshold of 10 x 10(9) per L, transfusion of 3 units of platelet concentrates compared to a 6-unit pool of platelet concentrates, resulted in a 22-percent savings of platelet units. CONCLUSION: Platelet survival as a function of platelet concentration can be modeled by use of a differential equation. This model challenges current dogma regarding @entity1423 and predicts decreased platelet survival in thrombocythemic @entity1 . The model illustrates that large doses of platelets would result in greater time between transfusions, however, more units of platelets are used. Consideration should be given to the more frequent use of smaller doses of platelets in @entity1 who chronically require platelet transfusion support.

title: Mathematical modeling of platelet survival with implications for optimal transfusion practice in the chronically platelet transfusion-dependent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet decay', 'platelet destruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The ubiquitous relationship of late graft occlusion, particularly the nonautogenous bypasses and distal anastomotic intimal @entity1373 (DAIH), has been extensively investigated. After having established the specific location of DAIH in @entity1 autogenous, biologic and prosthetic late graft occlusion, @entity235 models were designed to elucidate the role of compliance mismatch between graft and the host artery and the configuration of the distal end to side versus end to end @entity254 using autogenous artery. DAIH occurred in all end to side @entity254 but not in side matching end to end @entity254 . Compliance mismatched is not the cause of DAIH development, but it enhances the pathogenesis. Further study using pharmacologic agents to modulate the activities of vascular myoblasts was successful in attenuating DAIH development and progression. Since DAIH occurs through a cascade of events initiated by endothelial lifting of the overlapping processes at the gap junction to allow blood borne elements to enter the subendothelial space, then incites myoblast proliferation and matrix synthesis leading to DAIH formation at the heel and toe where oscillatory flow exists. Control of myoblast activity is needed on a permanent basis to prevent DAIH development and progression. Cessation of treatment allows resurgence of DAIH biogenesis. Direct regulation of vascular myoblast activity preclude the need of inhibiting other source of stimuli that increases as our knowledge of the subject grows. Without the participation of myoblast, there will be no DAIH irrespective of the potency and numbers of enzymatic, hormonal, or mechanical inciting factors. DAIH is a byproduct of oscillatory flow at the heel and the toe which enable blood borne elements to enter subendothelial space via the gap junction subsequent to lifting of endothelial cell overlapping processes. Pharmacologic control aiming at inactivating the myoblast in proliferation and matrix synthesis is a logical mode to control DAIH formation and late graft failure. Our experimental models confirm the success in controlling DAIH using heparin fraction that lack the anticoagulant yet is active in antiproliferative effect on myoblasts.

title: Distal Anastomotic Intimal XXXX : Histocytomorphology, Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Prevention.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['Hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sickle cell @entity417 is the most common @entity74 worldwide as well as in Nigeria. Delay in the diagnosis of the condition constitutes an important cause of concern for caretakers of affected @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the age at diagnosis in a population of @entity1 with sickle cell @entity417 in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted between October and December 2009 at the sickle cell clinic of the Department of Paediatrics of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos in South west Nigeria. By convenience sampling, a total of 192 @entity1 with sickle cell @entity417 aged six months to 15 years were interviewed with the aid of a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Overall, the mean age at confirmation of haemoglobin genotype was 27.33 months (   26. 36 months). The mean age at diagnosis was significantly lower among males than females (25.59    27.74 Vs. 29.14    24.85, p = 0.04). A quarter of the @entity1 were diagnosed before infancy and three-quarters before three years of age. Upper social stratum and small family size were significantly associated with earlier diagnosis of sickle cell @entity417 . CONCLUSION: Too few subjects are diagnosed in infancy. Routine screening should ideally be done at birth and neonatal period or at the latest, between six and nine months.

title: Age at diagnosis of sickle cell XXXX in lagos, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1189 ( @entity1189 ) has been implicated in the pathology of several renal conditions. The aim of this study was to clarify the roles of @entity1189 in @entity2316 . METHODS: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was induced in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and @entity1189 knockout (KO) @entity19 by injecting @entity3839 . The @entity19 were killed 20 weeks after induction of @entity6 and their kidneys removed. RESULTS: Renal mRNA expression of @entity1189 was increased in @entity6 @entity19 compared to @entity164 -sham @entity19 . Immunohistochemistry showed high levels of @entity1189 expression in the proximal tubules of @entity6 @entity19 . Kidney weight and urinary albumin excretion increased to similar levels in the @entity6 and KO- @entity6 @entity19 . Interstitial @entity82 was increased in @entity6 @entity19 compared to KO- @entity6 @entity19 . However, there were no differences in the degree of mesangial expansion or glomerular hypertrophy between the two groups. @entity19 -positive cells (macrophages) and @entity25636 -positive cells (fibroblasts) showed significantly higher infiltration in @entity6 @entity19 than in KO- @entity6 @entity19 . Renal mRNA expression of @entity1110 oxidase subunits and urinary @entity7707 excretion were also increased in @entity6 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that @entity1189 is a key molecule that induces @entity82 in the @entity6 kidney, but does not induce @entity8 .

title: @entity1189 plays a critical role in @entity82 but not XXXX in @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['WT-DM', 'diabetic', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity7707 :: ('MESH:C075750', 'Chemical') :: ['8-isoprostane']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerular sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A standard quantitative imaging approach to evaluate @entity3657 does not exist. Quantitative tools for evaluating arteriogenesis in vivo are not readily available, and the feasibility of monitoring serial regional changes in lower extremity perfusion has not been examined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Serial changes in lower extremity arteriogenesis and muscle perfusion were evaluated after femoral @entity432 in a porcine model using single photon emission tomography (SPECT)/CT imaging with postmortem validation of in vivo findings using gamma counting, postmortem imaging, and histological analysis. Hybrid 201Tl SPECT/CT imaging was performed in @entity1707 (n=8) at baseline, immediately postocclusion, and at 1 and 4 weeks postocclusion. CT imaging was used to identify muscle regions of interest in the @entity63 and nonischemic hindlimbs for quantification of regional changes in CT-defined arteriogenesis and quantification of 201Tl perfusion. Four weeks postocclusion, postmortem tissue 201Tl activity was measured by gamma counting, and immunohistochemistry was performed to assess capillary density. Relative 201Tl retention ( @entity63 /nonischemic) was reduced immediately postocclusion in distal and proximal muscles and remained lower in @entity291 and gluteus muscles 4 weeks later. Analysis of CT angiography revealed collateralization at 4 weeks within proximal muscles (P<0.05). SPECT perfusion correlated with tissue gamma counting at 4 weeks (P=0.01). Increased capillary density was seen within the @entity63 @entity291 at 4 weeks (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: 201Tl SPECT/CT imaging permits serial, regional quantification of arteriogenesis and resting tissue perfusion after limb @entity63 . This approach may be effective for detection of disease and monitoring therapy in @entity3657 .

title: Multimodality imaging approach for serial assessment of regional changes in lower extremity arteriogenesis and tissue perfusion in a porcine model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to compare the efficacy of a self-adherent soft @entity1346 dressing (Mepiform) with 'left-alone' management of @entity2805 using theVancouver Scar Scale. Secondary objectives were to follow photographs of the scars, @entity1 ' opinions of the scars, and doctors' and @entity1 ' assessments of the overall dressing performance, safety and tolerance. METHOD: An exploratory open randomised controlled clinical investigation was undertaken on 11 female @entity1 aged 21-43 years with @entity86 (nine following breast surgery, two following lower @entity1661 ). Treatment was initiated between two weeks and two months (mean 4.7 weeks) after surgery. Ten @entity1 completed the 12-month investigation; one @entity1 in the treatment group discontinued for personal reasons. RESULTS: All parameters in the Vancouver Scar Scale improved in both groups, although @entity1 treated with the soft @entity1346 dressing showed greater and more rapid improvements compared with the non-treated @entity1 , while their assessments of the condition of the scar were more favourable. Medical staff rated the overall dressing performance as 'very good' or'good'. One adverse event was reported--local skin irritation at the site of the scar. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that @entity1 treated with the soft @entity1346 dressing experienced greater and more rapid improvements compared with non-treated @entity1 . These results concur with those of previous studies. The fact that Mepiform is self-adhesive and causes limited damage to the stratum corneum on removal gives it an added value compared with non-adhesive @entity1346 gel dressings.

title: Evaluation of a self-adherent soft XXXX dressing for the treatment of @entity86 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal-glutealplasty']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative scars']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']