abstract: The reason(s) for the atherogenic properties of @entity3452 lipoprotein is still unclear, and several mechanisms have been studied. Alterations in gene expression in endothelial cells (ECs) could be important with respect to risk for @entity301 ( @entity301 ). We have tested the effects of @entity3452 lipoprotein or the apolipoprotein of @entity3452 lipoprotein (apo(a)) on cultured @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with respect to: (1) the level of @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) mRNA; (2) release of @entity2232 into the culture medium; (3) @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) secretion into the culture medium and; (4) total gene expression in HUVECs, examined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique, differential display-reverse transcription-PCR (DD-RT-PCR). @entity3452 lipoprotein reduced the level of @entity2232 mRNA as well as the release of @entity2232 . The reduction of @entity2232 in the medium was even more pronounced when HUVECs were incubated with apo(a), but we found no effect of apo(a) on @entity2232 mRNA level. Neither @entity3452 lipoprotein nor apo(a) had a significant influence on @entity2289 secretion. DD-RT-PCR revealed 11 fragments that could represent differences between cells exposed or not exposed to @entity3452 lipoprotein. Following subcloning and sequencing, 18 sequences that differed between exposed and unexposed cultures were obtained. Four of the subcloned fragments have up to now been used as a probe for northern blot analyses, and one fragment was confirmed to be regulated by @entity3452 lipoprotein. In conclusion, @entity3452 lipoprotein is shown to control @entity2232 mRNA levels and the function of at least one more gene, the nature of which is unknown.

title: Studies on effects of XXXX lipoprotein on gene expression in endothelial cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity3452 :: (4018,Gene) :: ['Lp(a)']


abstract: @entity2012 's effect on voice is still indefinite. We aimed to define acoustic characteristics of @entity1 with @entity2012 . Cross-sectional case-control study was designed. Thirty-seven @entity1 with @entity2012 and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Fundamental frequency (F0) and measurements related to frequency, amplitude, noise and @entity400 of the obtained voice sample were analyzed using Multi-Dimensional Voice Program. Absolute jitter (Jita) and jitter percent (Jitt), shimmer in decibel and shimmer percent, noise to harmonic ratio and soft phonation index, fundamental frequency @entity400 frequency and frequency @entity400 intensity index represented the parameters related to frequency, amplitude, noise and @entity400 of the voice sample, respectively. @entity1 with @entity2012 , especially the uncontrolled @entity1 , exhibited significant differences in frequency perturbation measurements. Jitt of all @entity1 and Jita of uncontrolled @entity1 were significantly higher than that of control group (p = 0.044 and p = 0.043, respectively). Jitter which is a measure of frequency perturbation can be assumed as an indicator of hoarse and deepened voice. Jita of all @entity1 and Jitt of uncontrolled @entity1 were elevated, but not reaching a statistical significance. Controlled and active @entity1 had similar analysis of acoustic parameters. In the correlation analysis, shimmer and @entity442 ( @entity442 ) was found to be positively correlated in all @entity1 with @entity2012 and in female @entity1 . When the p value is adjusted according to Bonferroni correction regarding the use of ten parameters for acoustic analysis (so adjusted p is <0.005), all the statistically significant findings become insignificant. Considering the parameters test different properties of voice, it is reasonable to pay attention to the findings. @entity1 with @entity2012 have increased frequency perturbations measures, but this increase is non-significant according to Bonferroni correction. This may be perceptually sensed as hoarse voice. Amplitude perturbations within the voice of the @entity1 with @entity2012 are positively correlated with @entity442 levels, this correlation is also non-significant according to Bonferroni correction.

title: Voice characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly', 'Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1', 'insulin like growth factor 1']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a large animal model of proliferative @entity1715 (PVR) in the @entity1707 to eventually study disease pathophysiology, as well as novel therapies. METHODS: PVR was induced in domestic @entity1707 by creation of a posterior vitreous detachment, creation of a @entity1713 by the injection of subretinal fluid, and intravitreal injection of green fluorescent protein-positive retinal pigment epithelial (GFP+ RPE) cells. Control eyes had the same surgical procedures without RPE cell injection. PVR was clinically graded on days 3, 7, and 14. Animals were euthanized on day 14, and enucleated eyes were analyzed by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Injection of GFP+ RPE cells into the vitreous cavity produced localized, traction @entity1713 by day 14 in all eyes (14 of 14); in contrast, the retina spontaneously reattached by day 3 and remained attached in all control eyes (10 of 10). Contractile epiretinal membranes on the inner retinal surface that caused the traction @entity1713 consisted predominantly of GFP+ RPE cells. These cells stained positive for cytokeratin, confirming their epithelial origin, and also expressed a-SMA and fibronectin, markers for myofibroblasts and @entity82 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We established a @entity1707 PVR model that recapitulates key clinical features found in @entity1 and, thus, can be used to study the pathophysiology of PVR, as well as new novel therapies. GFP+ RPE cells injected into the vitreous cavity formed contractile membranes on the inner retinal surface and caused localized traction @entity1713 .

title: XXXX in the @entity1707 -a new model.

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment', 'retinal detachments']

answer: @entity1715 :: (MESH:D018630,Disease) :: ['Proliferative vitreoretinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genetic factors strongly influence the risk of @entity301 ( @entity301 ), but their contribution to variation in @entity453 beyond that measured by traditional @entity301 risk factors is uncertain. METHODS: We recruited healthy subjects with family histories of premature @entity301 . We assessed traditional risk factors and performed electron beam tomography (EBT) to quantitate @entity729 ( @entity729 ), a marker of @entity453 . @entity1 with significant risk factors that included @entity6 , total @entity165 >300 mg/dL, active cigarette smoking, and poorly controlled @entity101 were excluded from the study. In this paper, we report on the relationship between traditional risk factors and @entity729 in this cohort. RESULTS: The incidence of coronary calcification was significantly higher in this cohort than in the population-based Rochester Heart Study. In our cohort, most traditional risk factors were significantly associated with @entity729 on univariate analysis. On the other hand, in stepwise logistical regression, age and @entity1674 were the only predictors of variation in @entity729 in @entity1 and accounted for only 30% of the variation; in @entity1 , age, body mass index (BMI), and @entity1674 were the only traditional risk factors significantly associated with @entity729 variation and accounted for 22.2% of @entity729 variance. CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of subjects specifically selected for the characteristic of a family history of premature @entity301 , traditional risk factors accounted for less than one-third of the variation in @entity729 , and the most important predictors of @entity729 after age were plasma @entity1674 . This supports the opinion that other inherited risk factors have important effects on the variation in @entity453 and that the strategy of using EBT to phenotype clinically asymptomatic subjects with regard to @entity453 may be a useful tool for identification of genes that are associated with @entity301 .

title: Association of traditional risk factors with coronary calcification in @entity1 with a family history of premature XXXX : the study of the inherited risk of @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is usually considered to have a more favourable prognosis than other types of infiltrating @entity0 . This is a biological paradox, since its clinical behaviour is not in agreement with its anaplastic morphology and high mitotic rate. It should be remembered that @entity5 reflects cell production minus cell loss, the latter being achieved by apoptosis. At present, @entity588 oncogene (apoptosis inhibitor) and @entity876 gene are assumed to be involved in the regulation of cell death and @entity5 proliferation. Sixty @entity0 , initially indexed as @entity189 , were re-classified using the diagnostic criteria given by Ridolfi. This review yielded 13 typical ( @entity189 ), 24 atypical (AMC), and 23 @entity189 ( @entity189 ). Following antigen retrieval by microwave treatment, immunohistochemical analyses, using @entity1758 , @entity876 and @entity588 monoclonal antibodies were performed on serial sections from @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded specimens. @entity189 revealed the highest incidence of intense @entity876 positivity, and the highest mean @entity1758 index, and absence of the apoptosis-inhibitor protein @entity588 . These results suggest the presence of a higher overall cell turnover in @entity189 than in AMC and @entity189 . Increased apoptosis balancing the increased cell proliferation might be among the possible explanations for the more favourable prognosis in @entity189 .

title: XXXX expression in @entity0 with medullary features. An immunohistological study including correlations with @entity876 and @entity588 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic growth', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['NMC', 'medullary carcinomas', 'TMC', 'non-medullary carcinomas', 'Typical medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1758 :: (57534,Gene) :: ['MIB-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated arterial @entity1503 in @entity1 presenting with @entity1296 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 58 @entity1 (39 females, 19 males; mean age 46 years; range 22 to 74 years) who presented during attacks of @entity1296 . The duration of vertigo complaints ranged from one day to 30 years. Arterial gas measurements were performed at presentation and one month after treatment. The @entity1 were examined in five groups according to the diagnoses: @entity9303 (n=14), benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (n=13), @entity9085 (n=12), @entity388 (n=4), and craniocervical @entity13705 (n=15). RESULTS: At presentation, pH was low ( @entity520 ) in two @entity1 (3.5%), and high ( @entity5838 ) in 15 @entity1 (25.9%). After treatment, all abnormal pH values returned to normal. Twenty-four @entity1 had high or low HCO3- values. High HCO3- values persisted in three @entity1 together with @entity1296 . @entity1 with @entity388 had significantly higher @entity4095 values compared to those with craniocervical @entity13705 and @entity9085 (p<0.05). However, one month after treatment, there were no significant differences between five groups with respect to @entity4095 levels (p>0.05). Consecutive blood gas measurements did not differ significantly within each diagnosis group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that arterial @entity1503 may be related to vertigo attacks.

title: [Arterial @entity1503 during attacks of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity13705 :: ('MESH:D009209', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial syndromes', 'myofascial syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebrobasilar insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood gas abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity388 :: ('MESH:D020338', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular neuritis']

answer: @entity1296 :: (MESH:D004244,Disease) :: ['dizziness']


abstract: The site of ventricular stimulation is an important variable in the initiation of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) by programmed ventricular stimulation. Among 169 @entity1 studied consecutively, 17 (10%) had @entity1165 induced by programmed electrical stimulation from the right ventricular outflow tract but not from the apex. Fourteen of these 17 @entity1 had had prior @entity583 (12 had inferior, and two had both inferior and anterior @entity583 ), two had a @entity384 , and one had a localized @entity296 . Fourteen @entity1 had echocardiograms suitable for analysis. Of these, 12 had posterior/inferior ventricular wall motion abnormalities located at the base of the heart. The ventricular effective refractory periods from the right ventricular outflow tract and right ventricular apex were 237 +/- 4 and 244 +/- 5 msec, respectively (p less than 0.05, mean +/- SEM). Induced @entity1165 had a cycle length of 229 +/- 4 msec and had the morphology of @entity714 in 12 @entity1 , of @entity714 in three @entity1 , and had both morphologies in two @entity1 . In 14 @entity1 the axis was superior. @entity1165 was initiated with two extrastimuli in 15 @entity1 and with burst right ventricular pacing in two @entity1 . Similar pacing techniques with identical pacing intervals did not induce @entity1165 at the right ventricular apex in 14 of these 17 @entity1 . Further, among the 15 @entity1 whose @entity1165 was induced at the right ventricular outflow tract with two extrastimuli, neither burst pacing (n = 13) nor two extrastimuli introduced at faster paced rates (n = 12) induced @entity1165 at the right ventricular apex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Electrophysiologic and anatomic characteristics of XXXX induced at the right ventricular outflow tract but not at the apex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block', 'left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: This review was initiated to assess the outcome of treatment with radical radiation therapy with curative intent for elderly @entity1 diagnosed to have Stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The study involved a retrospective review of 347 @entity1 with T1 and T2N0M0 @entity5 treated at the Queensland Radium Institute (QRI) during the period 1985-1992. The main reasons for not proceeding to surgery included poor performance status, old age or refusal to submit to surgery. The median age for the group was 70 years with the range being 34-90 years. @entity1 in this group were all treated by a standard technique involving external beam radiation therapy to a dose of 50 Gray Minimum Tumour Dose in 20 fractions over 4 weeks. When the study group was divided into those @entity1 aged < 70 years and those @entity1 age > or = 70 years, the overall survival at 5 years was 22 and 34%, respectively (median survival 22 months for age < 70 years, and 26 months for age > or = 70 years). The same division in terms of recurrence free survival yielded 5-year survival rates of 18% for the age < 70 years group and 30% for the age > or = 70 years group with the median survival being 17 months in both sub-groups. Both the difference in overall survival and recurrence free survival between the two age groups approached, but did not reach, statistical significance at the P < 0.05 level of significance. Further sub-division into 5-year age groups failed to confirm the hypothesis that older age groups had a poorer outcome. The 75-79-year group showed better survival than other age groups with the 5-year overall survival for this group being 53%, while the 5-year recurrence free survival was 45%. We conclude from this large series of Stage I @entity1149 that radical radiation therapy with curative intent may be a viable alternative to surgery in those elderly @entity1 who either refuse surgery or are judged to be unfit for operation. In view of the fact that comparable results can be achieved in elderly @entity2 @entity1 at the price of minimal @entity137 , a nihilist approach to treatment in the elderly can no longer be justified.

title: The curative treatment by radiation therapy alone of Stage I XXXX in a geriatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Behavioral inhibition (BI) and maternal over-control are early risk factors for later childhood internalizing problems, particularly @entity148 ( @entity148 ). Consistently high BI across childhood appears to confer risk for the onset of @entity148 by adolescence. However, no prior studies have prospectively examined observed maternal over-control as a risk factor for adolescent social anxiety (SA) among @entity1 initially selected for BI. The present prospective longitudinal study examines the direct and indirect relations between these early risk factors and adolescent SA symptoms and @entity148 , using a multi-method approach. The sample consisted of 176 @entity1 initially recruited as @entity1 and assessed for temperamental reactivity to novel stimuli at age 4 months. BI was measured via observations and parent-report across multiple assessments between the ages of 14 months and 7 years. Maternal over-control was assessed observationally during parent- @entity1 interaction tasks at 7 years. Adolescents (ages 14-17 years) and parents provided independent reports of adolescent SA symptoms. Results indicated that higher maternal over-control at 7 years predicted higher SA symptoms and lifetime rates of @entity148 during adolescence. Additionally, there was a significant interaction between consistently high BI and maternal over-control, such that patterns of consistently high BI predicted higher adolescent SA symptoms in the presence of high maternal over-control. High BI across childhood was not significantly associated with adolescent SA symptoms when @entity1 experienced low maternal over-control. These findings have the potential to inform prevention and early intervention programs by identifying particularly at-risk youth and specific targets of treatment.

title: Maternal over-control moderates the association between early childhood behavioral inhibition and adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['social anxiety disorder', 'SAD']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['social anxiety symptoms']


abstract: It has been previously noted that @entity12897 in the hand and wrist are very rare pathological entities. We report the case of a 34-year-old right hand dominant male who presented to his general practitioner with an enlarging left volar wrist/ palmar mass, who further developed symptoms consistent with @entity923 . An MRI scan subsequently confirmed a large, complex mass with area of @entity39 and peripheral enhancement. The rate of mass growth and radiological features raised the possibility of a soft tissue @entity5 , and the gentleman was urgently referred to our unit for surgical exploration and @entity5 . Surgical exploration demonstrated a tan-coloured soft tissue mass on the ulnar aspect of the median nerve. It appeared to arise from, and marginally infiltrated, the @entity924 and the lumbrical muscle of the fourth ray; the distal and proximal extent of the @entity5 was @entity5 . Resection was achieved with macroscopic margins, with excellent functional recovery immediately and at 6 month follow-up. Histological analysis was consistent with a @entity12897 , comprising of numerous thin-walled blood vessels with a central cystic cavity containing blood and fibrin. Our case further demonstrates the diagnostic challenges posed by @entity7577 due to soft tissue masses, even with thorough clinical and radiological assessment. In the context of a rapidly growing @entity5 , @entity5 must always be suspected and might highlight a role for pre-operative biopsy.

title: Synovial Angioma of the FDP Flexor Sheath: A Rare Cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of tumour', 'difficult to define due to the diffuse growth of the tumour', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon sheath of the FDP tendon to the ring finger']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['synovial haemangiomas', 'synovial haemangioma']

entities_list: @entity7577 :: ('MESH:C536965', 'Disease') :: ['compressive neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['Carpal Tunnel Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of functional polymorphisms in promoters of @entity1476 , @entity1549 , @entity1495 , @entity10885 and @entity2289 genes on the growth rate of small @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). METHODS: Some 455 individuals with a small @entity1028 (4.0-5.5 cm) were monitored for @entity439 growth by ultrasonography (mean follow-up 2.6 years). They also provided a DNA sample for analysis of the @entity25454 , -1171 5A > 6A, @entity15606 , @entity16730 and -675 4G > 5G alleles of @entity1476 , @entity1549 , @entity1495 , @entity10885 and @entity2289 , respectively. Mean linear @entity1028 growth rates were calculated by flexible modelling; the sample size was sufficient to detect variants that influenced the growth rate by 25 per cent. RESULTS: For @entity1476 , @entity1495 and @entity10885 genotypes, growth rates were similar to the mean linear growth rate of 3.08 mm per year. For @entity1549 , growth rates were 3.05 (for 5A5A), 3.19 (for 5A6A) and 2.90 (for 6A6A) mm per year. For @entity2289 , @entity1 with 4G4G, 4G5G and 5G5G genotypes had growth rates of 3.18, 2.92 and 3.47 mm per year, respectively, for @entity439 with a baseline diameter of 45.1, 44.6 and 46.2 mm. The increased growth rate for @entity1 with @entity2289 5G5G genotype was not statistically significant (P = 0.061), although these @entity1 had the lowest plasma @entity2289 concentrations (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: There was no evidence that any specific MMP polymorphism had a clinically significant effect on @entity1028 expansion. The plasminogen system may have a small but clinically significant role in @entity1028 development. Much larger studies would be needed to evaluate genes of smaller effect.

title: Genotype-phenotype relationships in an investigation of the role of proteases in abdominal aortic XXXX expansion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-1', 'plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: CONTEXT: Factors influencing the outcome of surgical treatment of pediatric @entity699 ( @entity699 ) have not been fully established. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine features influencing the outcome of surgery for pediatric @entity699 . DESIGN: In this prospective observational study, the clinical, imaging, endocrinological, and operative outcomes were analyzed in consecutive @entity1 treated at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 1982 through 2010. SETTING: The study was conducted in a tertiary referral center. RESULTS: Two hundred @entity699 @entity1 (106 females, 94 males) were included. Mean age at symptom development was 10.6    3.6 years (range, 4.0 to 19.0 y). Mean age at NIH operation was 13.7    3.7 years. Twenty-seven @entity1 (13%) had prior surgery at another institution. Magnetic resonance imaging identified @entity652 in 97 @entity1 (50%). When positive, magnetic resonance imaging accurately defined a discrete @entity652 in 96 of the 97 @entity1 (99%), which was more accurate than the use of ACTH ratios during inferior petrosal sinus sampling to determine @entity652 lateralization (accurate in 72% of @entity1 without prior surgery). A total of 195 of the 200 @entity1 (98%) achieved remission after surgery (189 [97%] were hypocortisolemic; 6 [3%] were eucortisolemic postoperatively). Factors associated with initial remission (P < .05) included identification of an @entity652 at surgery, immunohistochemical ACTH-producing @entity652 , and noninvasive ACTH @entity652 . Younger age, smaller @entity652 , and absence of cavernous sinus wall or other dural invasion were associated with long-term remission (P < .05). A minimum morning serum @entity701 of less than 1  g/dl after surgery had a positive predictive value for lasting remission of 96%. CONCLUSIONS: With rare disorders, such as pediatric @entity699 , enhanced outcomes are obtained by evaluation and treatment at centers with substantial experience. Resection of @entity977 in pediatric @entity699 in that setting can be safe, effective, and durable. Early postoperative endocrine testing predicts lasting remission. Because lasting remission is associated with younger age at surgery, smaller @entity652 , and lack of dural invasion, early diagnosis should improve surgical outcome.

title: Outcome of surgical treatment of 200 XXXX with @entity699 .

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Early detection of @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the urinary bladder is essential for effective treatment. While several serum markers have been evaluated, none have been widely accepted for practical clinical use. Thus, urinary markers have been introduced and investigated to detect the evidence of @entity150 . But sensitivity and specificity range around 80% respectively. In a prospective study we evaluated fetal fibronectin in the urine of @entity1 with @entity1606 of the urinary bladder. The positivity of oncofetal fibronectin was measured in morning urine samples by membrane immunoassay. This FFN membrane immunoassay is a qualitative test, a solid-phase immunogold assay. A positive sample will result in a single spot after binding of the oncofetal fibronectin-immunogold complex to the membrane containing a monoclonal antibody specific to oncofetal fibronectin (FDC-6, which specifically recognizes III-CS region). The morning urine samples were collected from @entity1 with @entity1606 before they underwent transurethral resection (n=40, 34 @entity3 ) and healthy controls (n=20). Oncofetal fibronectin was investigated in the surgical samples by immunohistochemistry (antibody FDC-6, APAAP technique). We found a positive result for oncofetal fibronectin in 38/40 @entity1 with transitional cell @entity150 . Two @entity1 with a small pTaG1- @entity1606 showed negative results. In the urine of healthy controls no positive results were detected. Thus, there is a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100%. The @entity1606 was demonstrated as a source of oncfn. To our knowledge this is the first study showing that @entity1 with an evident @entity1606 have a demonstrable amount of oncofetal fibronectin in the urine. We conclude that a positive result is common in @entity1606 - @entity1 . The sensitivity and specificity of this test seems to be extraordinarily high. Because of the small number of cases further studies are required.

title: Fetal fibronectin: a new screening-marker for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['non-invasive and 6 invasive carcinomas']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Previous studies in amphibians yielded contradictory results about the distribution of calbindin-D28k (CB) and calretinin (CR) in retinal neurons, most likely due to the different antibodies used. The present comparative study aimed to characterize the distribution of CB and CR in relation to retinal neurons in six species of anuran and urodele amphibians by using the same immunohistochemical protocol with specific poly- and monoclonal antibodies. CB was specifically found in cones, in subpopulations of bipolar and amacrine cells and in sparse neurons in the @entity4494 cell layer. All photoreceptors were negative for CR, whereas subpopulations of horizontal, bipolar and amacrine cells as well as cells in the @entity4494 cell layer contained CR. CB/CR colocalization occurred in some amacrine cells and in cells of the @entity4494 cell layer, with variable proportions among species. Most of the @entity4494 cells identified by retrograde labeling from the optic nerve contained CB and/or CR. Cholinergic cells, visualized by @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) immunoreactivity, constituted a subpopulation of the CR-positive amacrine cells in anurans and a high percentage (40-90%) of cholinergic cells were CR immunoreactive in urodeles. CB/ @entity4268 colocalization was between 10 and 30% in anurans and lower in urodeles (7-10%). Finally, CB colocalized in 6-8% of the @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) amacrine cells only in anurans, whereas CR and TH colocalized in 5% of TH cells in the urodele retina. Our data suggest a specific pattern for CB and CR distribution in the retinal neurons of amphibians comparable to amniotes in some cell types showing, however, peculiar features not observed previously in other vertebrates.

title: Comparative analysis of calbindin D-28K and calretinin in the retina of anuran and urodele amphibians: Colocalization with XXXX acetyltransferase and @entity669 hydroxylase.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1877 :: (MESH:D002794,Chemical) :: ['choline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the association of well-differentiated @entity259 and @entity3243 pathology. METHODS: The medical records of 14 @entity1 with concomitant pathologies were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Parathyroidectomies (1.3%) and thyroidectomies (3.5%) performed for well-differentiated @entity259 resulted in the diagnosis of concomitant pathologies. Five @entity1 had a @entity459 ( @entity459 ) and nine were operated for thyroidectomy with intraoperative finding of an enlarged @entity3243 gland. @entity1 (64%) were normocalcemic preoperatively. Thirteen had @entity1377 . Fifty percent of @entity1 had multiple foci of @entity7172 . Twenty-nine percent of @entity1 had @entity3243 . All @entity1 with preoperative @entity2741 normalized their serum @entity460 . During follow-up, thyroglobuline, @entity460 serum values and cervical ultrasound showed no evidence of recurrence of the diseases. CONCLUSIONS: These observations stress the importance of pre and intraoperative evaluation to detect overt thyroid and @entity3243 pathology before performing a parathyroidectomy for @entity2742 or a thyroidectomy for a well-differentiated @entity259 .

title: Association of @entity3243 pathology with well-differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['PHPT', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7172 :: ('MESH:C563277', 'Disease') :: ['papillary microcarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid hyperplasia', 'parathyroid']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the capacity of @entity855 to modify cardiomyocytes directly or indirectly via peripheral autonomic neurones, the effects of various purinergic agents were studied on long term cultures of adult @entity840 ventricular myocytes and their co-cultures with @entity528 . METHODS: Ventricular myocytes and cardiac neurones were enzymatically dissociated and plated together or alone (myocytes only). Myocyte cultures were used for experiments after three to six weeks. The electrical and contractile properties of cultured myocytes and myocyte-neuronal networks were investigated. RESULTS: The spontaneous beating frequency of ventricular myocytes co-cultured with stellate ganglion neurones increased by approximately 140% (p < 0.001) following superfusion with 10(-5) M @entity855 . This effect was not modified significantly by @entity1022 or by beta adrenoceptor blockade (10(-5) M @entity6839 ), but was eliminated following application of the P2 antagonist @entity5747 (10(-5) M). Basal spontaneous contractile rate was reduced by approximately 86% (p < 0.001) in the presence of suramin, indicating the existence of tonically active purinergic synaptic mechanisms in stellate ganglion neurone-myocyte cocultures. @entity5747 did not significantly affect non-innervated myocyte cultures. @entity855 increased myocyte contractile rate in intrinsic cardiac neurone-myocyte co-cultures by approximately 40% (p < 0.01) under control conditions, but when beta adrenergic receptors of @entity1022 sensitive neural responses were blocked, @entity855 induced greater augmentation (> 100%). In contrast, @entity855 induced much smaller effects in non-innervated myocyte cultures (approximately 26%, p < 0.01). Analogues of @entity1129 ) showed the following order of potency: @entity855 > @entity856 > MSATP > beta gamma @entity855 > alpha beta @entity855 . @entity859 (10(-4) M) attenuated the beating frequency of myocytes in both types of co-culture, while not significantly affecting non-innervated myocyte cultures. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental model used in this study showed that extrinsic and @entity528 which possess P2 receptors can greatly enhance cardiac myocyte contractile rate when activated by @entity855 . Since @entity859 reduced contractile rate in both types of co-cultures while not affecting non-innervated myocytes, it is concluded that some of these neurones possess P1 receptors.

title: Purinergic modulation of adult XXXX cardiomyocytes in long term cultures and co-cultures with extracardiac or @entity528 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5747 :: ('MESH:D013498', 'Chemical') :: ['suramin', 'Suramin']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic cardiac neurones', 'extracardiac (stellate ganglion) or intrinsic cardiac neurones']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Isolated @entity95 luteal cells from day 12 of pseudopregnancy were cultured with a variety of growth factors, hCG and @entity1426 (AA) in serum-free culture medium for 96 hours. The time course of @entity3009 (PG) E2, PGF2 alpha, and @entity1420 was determined. @entity25229 , @entity19574 , @entity2503 , IGF-II, and @entity25812 alone were not able to change significantly the production of either @entity1420 or @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha when compared with the controls. AA as the precursor of PG biosynthesis increased the production of @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha significantly (1.2-fold and 2.6-fold, respectively; p < 0.05; p < 0.01). AA together with @entity25812 increased the level of PG more pronounced when compared with AA alone (1.5-fold for @entity1421 , 5-fold for PGF2 alpha; p < 0.05 and p < 0.005). The @entity1420 production of the cells remained unchanged during growth factor exposure. We conclude that @entity25812 together with high amounts of AA is able to stimulate the PG biosynthesis in cultured @entity95 luteal cells. Since the level of PGF2 alpha increases more pronounced than @entity1421 , an activation of the @entity1421 9-ketoreductase may be possible. Therefore, @entity25812 could be relevant as an additional regression factor controlling the @entity1421 /PGF2 alpha-ratio in the corpus luteum of @entity95 . This mechanism seems to be independent from the @entity1420 synthesis.

title: The influence of growth factors on the prostaglandin synthesis in cultured XXXX luteal cells.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive techniques have gained recent interest in the realm of cardiac surgery. This report describes our initial experience with graft replacement of ascending @entity449 using a superior mini-sternotomy approach. METHODS: Between March 1997 and October 1997, four @entity1 underwent operation for ascending @entity449 via superior mini-sternotomy approach. There were two female and two male @entity1 , ranging in age from 52 to 62 years (mean 53.7 +/- 7.6). All @entity1 had the stigmata of @entity1614 . Mean diameter of the ascending aortas was 6.1 +/- 0.9 cm. Composite graft replacement with coronary reimplantation was performed in all cases. In one @entity1 hemiarch replacement was performed under total circulatory arrest. There was no hospital (30-day) mortality. Mean aortic cross clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were 63 +/- 14.1 minutes (range 44 to 78) and 116.7 +/- 43.3 minutes (range 81 to 177), respectively. One @entity1 was re-explored for @entity548 . RESULTS: Lengths of hospital stay ranged from 5 to 7 days (mean 5.5 +/- 1). @entity1 were followed-up for at least 18 months. One @entity1 suffered a @entity64 in her third @entity86 . All surviving @entity1 were in NYHA Class I at the sixth @entity86 and thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive graft replacement of ascending @entity449 can be performed safely and effectively. Long term results are likely to be similar to those of conventional cases performed through a full median sternotomy.

title: Minimally invasive replacement of ascending XXXX : intermediate term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['fatal stroke']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative month']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a shortage of reports on what potential recipients of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) need to be informed about and what role they can and want to play in the decision-making process when it comes to whether or not to implant an @entity1479 . AIMS: To explore how @entity1 with @entity712 and previous episodes of malignant @entity943 experience and view their role in the decision to initiate @entity1479 treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: A qualitative content analysis of semistructured interviews was used. The study population consisted of 31 outpatients with moderate @entity712 at the time of their first @entity1479 implantation. SETTING: The study was performed at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, G  teborg, Sweden. RESULTS: None of the respondents had discussed the alternative option of receiving treatment with anti-arrhythmic drugs, the estimated risk of a fatal @entity943 , or the expected time of survival from @entity712 in itself. Even so, very little criticism was directed at the lack of information or the lack of participation in the decision-making process. The respondents felt that they had to rely on the doctors' recommendation when it comes to such a complex and important decision. None of them regretted implantation of the @entity1479 . CONCLUSIONS: The respondents were confronted by a matter of fact. They needed an @entity1479 and were given an offer they could not refuse, simply because life was precious to them. Being able to give well-informed consent seemed to be a matter of less importance for them.

title: Views of XXXX with @entity712 about their role in the decision to start implantable cardioverter defibrillator treatment: prescription rather than participation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Artwork and @entity146 are often linked. Accomplished artists with @entity146 express themselves and their emotional distress through their works, and art therapists use the visual arts to help clients understand their problems and cope with them. There have been a number of @entity146 @entity1 with no previous art training who produced artwork that many consider museum-worthy (Art Brut, or Outsider Art.) For the past two years, I have used artwork in another way: to better understand my clients and their @entity146 . METHODS: Presented here are paintings I have made about the @entity1032 experience of some of my clients, all well known to me through their therapy. It is a form of @entity227 , in which I reverse roles with the client through the paintings. My goal has been to experience the stresses felt by my clients so that I can understand them better. RESULTS: The paintings have served as a point of embarkation for therapy sessions, as a means of clarifying a client's experience, and as a way to show clients that their therapist is attending to what they say. Countertransference undoubtedly plays a role in my choice of clients and their portrayals, but the intent is to help me better understand the clients' experiences.Included here are images of some of these paintings with a short @entity146 history of the client about whom they were made. Accompanying each one are responses from the clients upon viewing "their" paintings, and a discussion of the client's @entity146 . CONCLUSIONS: Making these paintings has helped me understand better the feelings of isolation, rejection, loss, and alienation that many of my clients experience every day. In turn, they tell me that viewing the paintings is an intense experience for them as well. As an outsider artist, I must leave it to the viewer to determine whether or not these paintings qualify as "art."

title: Using artwork to understand the experience of XXXX : Mainstream artists and Outsider artists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual psychodrama']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: @entity1282 and @entity1173 are two devastating sequelae of @entity64 . Recent work has shown that @entity8823 ( @entity8823 ) @entity51 are associated with @entity1173 in @entity64 @entity1 with @entity1282 . The phenomenon of @entity51 , where the @entity1 exhibits no subjective or objective evidence of @entity1282 , yet has an @entity8823 sensory deficit, has not been previously described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory capacity of the laryngopharynx in @entity64 @entity1 who had no subjective or objective complaints of @entity1282 . We determined the sensory threshold in the laryngopharynx using air pulse stimulation of the mucosa of the pyriform sinus and aryepiglottic fold. Eighteen @entity64 @entity1 (mean age 65.6 +/- 11.5 years) and 18 age-matched controls were prospectively evaluated. Normal thresholds were defined as < 4.0 mm Hg air pulse pressure (APP). Deficits were defined as either a moderate @entity1650 thresholds (4.0 to 6.0 mm Hg APP) or a severe @entity1109 (> 6.0 mm Hg APP). @entity64 @entity1 were followed up for 1 year to determine the incidence of @entity1174 ( @entity1174 ) as verified by chest radiography. In 11 of the @entity64 @entity1 studied, either unilateral (n = 6) or bilateral (n = 5) severe @entity51 were identified. The elevations in sensory discrimination thresholds were significantly greater than those in age-matched controls (7.1 +/- 0.6 mm Hg APP versus 2.5 mm Hg APP; p < .01, Wilcoxon score). Among @entity1 with @entity51 , sensory thresholds were severely elevated in all cases on the affected side compared with the unaffected side (p < .01, Wilcoxon score). Moreover, the sensory thresholds of the unaffected side were not significantly different from those of age-matched controls. @entity1174 did not occur in the @entity1 with normal @entity8823 sensation or in the @entity1 with unilateral severe @entity8823 @entity51 . However, in the 5 @entity1 with bilateral, severe @entity8823 @entity51 , 2 developed @entity1174 , both within 3 months of their @entity8823 sensory test. The results of this study showed, for the first time, that @entity64 @entity1 without subjective or objective clinical evidence of @entity1282 could have @entity51 . These impairments could contribute to the development of @entity1174 following @entity64 . The findings in this study suggest that @entity8823 sensory discrimination threshold testing should not be restricted only to @entity1 with clinical @entity1282 .

title: Silent XXXX @entity51 after @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in sensory discrimination']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['sensory impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensory deficits', 'silent LP sensory deficits', 'unilateral deficits']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia', 'AP', 'Aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity8823 :: ('MESH:D057045', 'Disease') :: ['laryngopharyngeal', 'LP']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity8823 :: (MESH:D057045,Disease) :: ['laryngopharyngeal']


abstract: A 40-year-old male @entity1 suffered from @entity1781 in his right eye. Scanning laser polarimetry was arranged at 2 weeks, 9 weeks, 13 weeks, 24 weeks, and 34 weeks after the @entity130 . Manual or automated visual field testing was also arranged at 1 week, 5 weeks, 16 weeks, and 28 weeks correspondingly. The data revealed using scanning laser polarimetry (program GDx, version 1.0.05; Laser Diagnostic Technologies, San Diego, Calif, USA) were nearly normal at 2 weeks after @entity130 , but lower visual field loss was revealed using visual field testing within 2 weeks after the @entity130 . The superior hump of the GDx deviated from normal at about 9 weeks and some GDx parameters (the Number, Superior/Nasal, @entity7085 Modulation ( @entity7085 Mod.), Maximal Modulation (Max. Mod.), Symmetry, Superior Ratio (Super. Ratio)) became worse later in the series. We propose that @entity227 might be present before retinal nerve fiber layer loss. In this case, scanning laser polarimetry for evaluating the severity of @entity1781 was limited especially within 2 weeks after the @entity130 .

title: Serial follow-up in XXXX using scanning laser polarimetry and visual field testing.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['traumatic optic neuropathy']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Establishment of a novel in vivo animal model of @entity4720 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate apoptotic, degenerative, and inflammatory changes occurring in the cervical intervertebral discs of @entity35 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Cervical degeneration occurs as the result of imbalance of both static and dynamic spinal stabilizers. The @entity1797 that occurs is characterized by @entity32 and increased apoptosis of intervertebral disc cells. METHODS: By excising the paraspinal musculature and posterior cervical spinal ligaments of @entity35 , both static and dynamic cervical stabilizers were disrupted. The resultant biomechanical imbalance resulted in biochemical and histologic changes, which were characterized by light microscopy, electron microscopy, immunostaining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Histologic analysis showed characteristic degenerative changes of the intervertebral discs and vertebral endplates following surgery. Ultrastructural examination revealed apoptotic changes, which were verified by immunostaining. Instability also resulted in significant up-regulation of inflammatory factors, as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization. CONCLUSIONS: By creating static and dynamic posterior instability of the cervical spine, this novel model of @entity4720 results in rapid @entity1797 characterized by increased apoptosis and local @entity32 , such as that seen clinically.

title: Cervical XXXX induced by unbalanced dynamic and static forces: a novel in vivo @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['increased local inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc degeneration', 'disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['intervertebral disc degeneration']


abstract: Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear neutrophils; PMN) and a redundant system of chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the acute @entity649 in @entity1 with @entity295 . PMN express two cell surface receptors for the CXC chemokines, @entity7415 and @entity7416 . We investigated the expression and function of these receptors in @entity1 with severe @entity295 . Compared with normal donors, @entity7416 surface expression was down-regulated by 50% on PMN from septic @entity1 (p < 0.005), while @entity7415 expression persisted. In vitro migratory responses to the @entity7415 ligand, @entity687 , were similar in PMN from septic @entity1 and normal donors. By contrast, the migratory response to the @entity7416 ligands, epithelial cell-derived neutrophil activator ( @entity18974 ) and the growth-related oncogene proteins, was markedly suppressed in PMN from septic @entity1 (p < 0.05). Ab specific for @entity7415 blocked in vitro migration of PMN from septic @entity1 to @entity687 (p < 0.05), but not to @entity5038 . Thus, functionally significant down-regulation of @entity7416 occurs on PMN in septic @entity1 . We conclude that in a complex milieu of multiple CXC chemokines, @entity7415 functions as the single dominant CXC chemokine receptor in @entity1 with @entity295 . These observations offer a potential strategy for attenuating adverse @entity32 in @entity295 while preserving host defenses mediated by bacteria-derived peptides such as @entity5038 .

title: Expression and function of the chemokine receptors @entity7415 and @entity7416 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: We analyzed our experience with 64 @entity1 with @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) and @entity4501 ( @entity4501 ), to determine the possibility of prediction and prevention of @entity532 (leak, stricture, and recurrent @entity4501 ). In most of the @entity1 , the anatomical level of the @entity292 was documented preoperatively by bronchoscopy. The level of the @entity292 , in turn, correlated with the esophageal anatomy at thoracotomy, ie, @entity292 had a wide gap between esophageal pouches, whereas @entity3799 had a minimal gap. Major @entity532 were defined as leak requiring reoperation, symptomatic strictures requiring four or more dilatations, or a recurrent @entity4501 . The complication rates wre: leak (major and minor), 21%; major stricture, 15%; and recurrent @entity4501 , 5%. Major complications occurred in 42% (11/26) of @entity1 with wide gaps, compared with 8% (3/36) of @entity1 with minimal gaps. Route of repair (transpleural or retropleural) made no difference in incidence of @entity532 . No @entity1 died of an @entity532 . Survival was 100% for Waterston A and B @entity1 , 83% for Waterston C, and 90% overall. Severe @entity354 , requiring Nissen fundoplication, was more common among @entity1 with wide gaps than those with minimal gaps (32% v 3%). The most important pathogenetic factor, present in 79% (11/14) of major @entity532 , was anastomotic tension, determined by the gap between esophageal pouches, and predicted by preoperative bronchoscopy. Thus the bronchoscopic finding of a carinal @entity292 signals the need for technical measures that may limit anastomotic morbidity, such as myotomy, patching the @entity254 , retropleural approach, or delayed repair. Assuming precise technique and gentle handling of tissues, the anatomy of the @entity154 determines the anastomotic morbidity of @entity1152 and @entity4501 .

title: Prediction and prevention of @entity532 of XXXX and @entity4501 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['TEF', 'tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'EA']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic complication', 'anastomotic complications']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['carinal fistulas', 'fistula']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['midtracheal or cervical fistulas']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: Ionophorous antibiotics have been popularly used in the treatment of @entity7843 . Tissue residue of these antibiotics may be found in poultry, we have sought safe alternative anticoccidial herbal materials for the control of @entity7843 . Efficacy of extracts from 15 different herbs, including Bupleurum chinese DC, Sophora flavescens Aiton, and Artemisia annua Linne was tested against @entity12917 . One-day-old broiler chicks were infected with a USDA reference book of @entity12917 , and administered various herbal extracts. Survival rates, lesion scores, body @entity1017 , @entity294 , and oocysts excretions were investigated at the first and the second week after @entity281 . Bloody @entity294 in the S. flavescens and Sinomenium acutum treated groups was milder than that of the other infected groups. Survival rates in the groups treated with Ulmus macrocarpa (100%), Pulsatilla koreana, Torilis japonica, Artemisia asiatica and S. flavescens (90%) were higher than that of the infected control group (70%). Lesion scores in the groups treated with U. macrocarpa (1.40+/-1.14) or Pulsatilla koreana (1.60+/-1.82) were significantly lower than those of the infected control group (3.00+/-1.10). During the first week after @entity1017 in the groups treated with Quisqualis indica (232.9+/-43.5 g), S. flavescens (214.4+/-46.1 g) and S. acutum (211.3+/-29.4 g) were significantly higher than the infected control group (172.4+/-17.6 g). In conclusion, the data of the survival rates, @entity294 , lesion scores, body @entity1017 and oocyst excretions indicate that the extract of S. flavescens was the most effective. P. koreana, S. acutum, U. macrocarpa and Q. indica were also effective. Further research on the above herbal materials will be carried out by the authors by chemical analysis of the extracts.

title: Screening of the anticoccidial effects of herb extracts against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7843 :: ('MESH:D003048', 'Disease') :: ['avian coccidiosis']

entities_list: @entity12917 :: ('5802', 'Species') :: ['Eimeria tenella', 'E. tenella']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'bloody diarrhea', 'bloody diarrhea symptoms']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['infection, the weight gains', 'weight gains']

answer: @entity12917 :: (5802,Species) :: ['Eimeria tenella']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A high perioperative inspiratory @entity26 fraction (80%) has been recommended to prevent @entity6081 . However, the most recent and one of the largest trials, the PROXI trial, found no @entity281 , and 30-day mortality was higher in @entity1 given 80% @entity26 . In this follow-up study of the PROXI trial we assessed the association between long-term mortality and perioperative @entity26 fraction in @entity1 undergoing abdominal surgery. METHODS: From October 8, 2006, to October 6, 2008, 1386 @entity1 underwent elective or emergency laparotomy and were randomized to receive either 80% or 30% @entity26 during and for 2 hours after surgery. The follow-up date was February 24, 2010. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier statistics and the @entity797 proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Vital status was obtained in 1382 of 1386 @entity1 after a median follow-up of 2.3 years (range 1.3 to 3.4 years). One hundred fifty-nine of 685 @entity1 (23.2%) died in the 80% @entity26 group compared to 128 of 701 @entity1 (18.3%) assigned to 30% @entity26 (HR, 1.30 [95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.64], P = 0.03). In @entity1 undergoing @entity5 surgery, the HR was 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.90; P = 0.009; and after noncancer surgery, the HR was 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 1.65; P = 0.79. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of 80% @entity26 in the perioperative period was associated with significantly increased long-term mortality and this appeared to be statistically significant in @entity1 undergoing @entity5 surgery but not in noncancer @entity1 .

title: Increased long-term mortality after a high perioperative inspiratory XXXX fraction during abdominal surgery: follow-up of a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infections']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in surgical site infection']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: A case of @entity703 and ureter is reported. A 82-year-old @entity1 was admitted with the chief complaint of gross @entity811 . He was diagnosed with @entity150 and @entity703 by bladder biopsy (TCC G2) and radiological examinations. Right nephroureterectomy was performed after transurethral resection of @entity150 (TUR-Bt). Histological findings of @entity703 were @entity957 with pseudosarcomatous stroma (so-called @entity6962 ). @entity5 cells showed mostly a sarcomatoid spindle pattern and partly apparent SCC. He was discharged without adjuvant therapy and no recurrence was found for 7 months after operation. In our case, CA19-9 was useful as a @entity5 marker. @entity66 has been confused with true @entity6962 or @entity189 and should be distinguished from them. We reviewed 18 case reports of true @entity6962 or @entity189 of the @entity8 .

title: [ @entity957 with XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Such disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['unusual tumor of renal pelvis', 'right renal pelvic and ureter tumor', 'renal pelvic and ureteral tumor']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['pseudosarcomatous stroma of the renal pelvis and ureter']


abstract: A study was carried on a group of 145 @entity1 with @entity1907 in the area of Physiology Office of Bistri  a [correction of Bistritza] County Polyclinic. These @entity1 were included, between 1977 and 1986 in the I-B group considered to be "exposed to the risk of chronic evolution". Males were predominant in a ratio of 7/1, and @entity1 from rural areas made up two-thirds of the lot. Twenty-five percent of the @entity1 were aged between 41 and 50 years when they were included in the I-B group. In 62.7% of the cases the duration of the disease varied between 1 and 2 years at the start of the study. In 36.6% of the cases there was resistance to chemotherapy. In 55.2% of the cases a series of other affections were associated that had a negative impact on the first course of therapy, as well as on the following courses. The first associated affection was chronic ethyl intoxication. Therapy was applied according to schemes defined by the Ministry of Health. In none of the cases were the short-term (3 + 3) therapy courses applied. The first course of therapy was followed regularly by only 23.4% of the @entity1 . An analysis of data at the end of the second course of therapy shows that 55.9% of the @entity1 were recuperated, 23.4% had a chronic evolution (and were included in group I-C), and 20.7% died. It is concluded that over half of the @entity1 in this critical stage of the disease could be recuperated when the therapy was followed correctly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Cases of XXXX with a chronicity risk in the area of the Office of Phthisiology of the city of Bistri  a].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: The present study evaluates the repolarization abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and polymorphic @entity2224 (PMVT/VF) by measuring QT and JT dispersion on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). @entity1162 is a predictor of @entity943 in several clinical settings. However, the value of QT and JT dispersion in identifying @entity1 at risk for PMVT/VF is controversial. Maximum QT (JT) interval duration and QT (JT) dispersion were compared between 20 healthy individuals, 12 @entity1 with inducible @entity1165 during programmed electrical stimulation and seven @entity1 with PMVT/VF recorded during 24-hour ambulatory ECG or induced by programmed electrical stimulation. @entity1162 was 40 +/- 9 ms in the control group, 63 +/- 21 ms in the @entity1165 group, and 79 +/- 31 ms in the PMVT/VF group. @entity1162 in both the @entity1165 and PMVT/VF groups were significantly greater than in the control group (P <.001 and P <.0001, respectively); however, there was no significant difference between the @entity1165 and PMVT/VF groups. JT dispersion was 41 +/- 14 ms in the control group, 69 +/- 14 ms in the @entity1165 group and 103 +/- 37 ms in the PMVT/VF group. JT dispersion differed significantly between the study groups and was significantly increased in PMVT/VF group than in the control group or @entity1165 groups (P <.0001 vs. the control group, P <.005 vs. the @entity1165 group). @entity1 with PMVT/VF have a greater dispersion of ventricular repolarization time. Repolarization abnormalities are important for ventricular arrhythmogenesis and detectable on the surface ECG.

title: QT and JT dispersion in @entity1 with monomorphic or polymorphic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['MVT', 'monomorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT dispersion']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This Phase III, placebo and active controlled, multicenter trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity9213 7.5, 15, and 22.5 mg daily for the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: A 12 week, randomized, double blind, double dummy, parallel group trial compared daily oral @entity9213 7.5, 15, and 22.5 mg to placebo (negative control) and @entity3522 75 mg BID (positive control). A total of 894 @entity1 (18 years of age with confirmed @entity309 who flared following an NSAID-free period) were randomized to be treated. Baseline scores for all endpoints were similar among the treatment groups. @entity1 assessments were at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks or early termination. RESULTS: All treatment groups demonstrated significant improvement from baseline (p < 0.001). @entity9213 7.5 and 22.5 mg was significantly superior to placebo in all 5 primary efficacy endpoints (swollen joint count, tender joint count, @entity1 @entity158 , @entity1 and physician global; all p < 0.05). @entity3522 150 mg was superior to placebo for 4 of 5 primary efficacy measures (all but swollen joint count; p < 0.05) and @entity9213 15 mg was superior for 3 of 5 primary endpoints ( @entity1 @entity158 and @entity1 and physician global). AUC of @entity1 global, @entity1 @entity158 , and modified Health Assessment Questionnaire demonstrated dose-response (p < 0.04), while AUC ACR20 showed a qualitative trend in the same direction. The rate of gastrointestinal (GI) events during the 12 week trial for all doses of @entity9213 and @entity3522 did not differ significantly from placebo (23.2-32.0%). GI withdrawals were comparable and not significantly different across all treatment groups (4.3-5.7%). CONCLUSION: This trial demonstrated a dose response relationship for @entity9213 7.5, 15, and 22.5 mg using AUC measurement of response for the treatment of @entity309 . All 3 doses of @entity9213 . and positive control, were effective in the treatment of @entity309 . The overall incidence rate of GI events did not differ significantly from placebo in either the @entity9213 treatment groups or the positive control.

title: Dose response and safety study of @entity9213 up to 22.5 mg daily in XXXX : a 12 week multicenter, double blind, dose response study versus placebo and @entity3522 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'Diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity9213 :: ('MESH:C065757', 'Chemical') :: ['meloxicam', 'Meloxicam']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Recent experiments have suggested a pathway of genes that regulate left-right asymmetry in vertebrate embryogenesis. The most downstream member of this cascade is nodal ( @entity11341 in frogs), which is expressed in the left-side lateral mesoderm. Previous work in the @entity1573 [Levin, 1998] suggests that an inductive interaction by @entity40603 ( @entity40603 ) present at the midline was needed for the left-sided expression of nodal, which by default would not be expressed. Interestingly, it has been reported [Lohr et al., 1997] that in @entity1238 , right-side mesoderm that is explanted at st. 15 and allowed to develop in culture, goes on to express nodal, suggesting that lateral mesoderm expresses this gene by default and that a repression of nodal by the midline is needed to achieve asymmetry. Such a contradiction raises interesting questions about the degree of conservation of the mechanisms upstream of nodal asymmetry and, in general, about the differences in the LR pathway among species. Thus we examined this issue directly. We show that in the @entity1573 , as in the frog, explanted mesoderm from both sides does, indeed, go on to express nodal, including both the medial and lateral expression domains. Ectopic nodal expression in the medial domain on the right side is not sufficient to induce an ectopic lateral domain. We also show that explanted lateral tissue regenerates node/notochord structures exhibiting @entity40603 expression. Furthermore, we show that @entity1238 explants done at st. 15 also regenerate notochord by the stage at which @entity11341 would be expressed. Thus explants are not isolated from the influence of the midline. In contrast to the midline repressor model previously suggested [Lohr et al., 1997] to explain the presence of nodal expression in explants, we propose that the expression is due to induction by signals secreted by regenerating node and notochord tissue ( @entity40603 in the @entity1573 ). Thus our results are consistent with @entity40603 being necessary for nodal induction in both species, and we provide an explanation for both sets of data in terms of a single conserved mechanism upstream of nodal expression.

title: Evolutionary conservation of mechanisms upstream of asymmetric Nodal expression: reconciling @entity1573 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As hip-preservation surgery is performed in a particularly young and active group of @entity1 , the knowledge accrued in the fields of hip arthroplasty and @entity173 care regarding postoperative thromboprophylaxis cannot be extrapolated to this @entity1 population. Recommendations based on the evidence for each particular surgical procedure and population is desirable. For these reasons, the purpose of our study is to describe the rate of clinically relevant @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) and anticoagulation-related complications observed in @entity1 undergoing hip-preservation surgery through mini-open @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ) with a formal postoperative thromboprophylaxis protocol of @entity117 dosing. METHODS: A prospective case series of 407 consecutive @entity1743 procedures in 375 @entity1 of mean age 34.5    11.1 years (range 15-62 years) were followed six weeks post operatively to document the presence of clinically relevant @entity1211 as well as major @entity548 events, as defined by the most recent American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. All @entity1 were given @entity117 325 mg by mouth daily for two to four weeks. RESULTS: There was one case of distal DVT in a 31-year-old male with no specific risk factors. No cases of @entity1151 were observed. There were no major @entity548 events or reoperations due to postsurgical haematoma. There were no deaths. The crude incidence of clinically relevant @entity1211 was 1 per 407 procedures (0.25%). CONCLUSION: @entity117 is a safe and effective modality to provide thromboprophylaxis in @entity1 undergoing hip-preservation surgery. The rate of @entity1211 that we observed is, thus far, the lowest in comparison to other published series of hip preservation surgery that specifically focused on this complication.

title: Prevention of venous thromboembolic events following femoroacetabular osteoplasty: XXXX is enough for most.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['FAO', 'femoracetabular osteoplasty']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: Diuron is frequently detected in some drinking water reservoirs under the Burgundy vineyards, where @entity347 amendments are applied. The environmental effect of these amendments on pesticide transport is ambiguous: on the one hand it could enhance their retention by increasing soil @entity347 @entity505 content; on the other hand, dissolved @entity347 matter ( @entity13304 ) could facilitate their transport. Elutions were performed using columns packed with glass beads in order to investigate @entity13304 -diuron interactions, and the possible co-transport of diuron and @entity13304 . Four @entity347 amendments (A, B, C and D) were tested; C and D were sampled at fresh (F) and mature (M) stages. An increase in diuron leaching was observed only for A and D(F) amendments (up to 16% compared to the @entity13304 -free blank samples), suggesting a @entity13304 effect on diuron transport. These results could be explained by the higher @entity13304 leaching for A and D(F) compared to B, C(F), C(M) and D(M) increasing diuron- @entity13304 interactions. These interactions seem to be related to the aromatic and aliphatic content of the @entity13304 , determining formation of @entity3884 and non-covalent bonds. The degree of @entity347 matter maturity does not seem to have any effect with amendment C, while a reduction in diuron leaching is observed between D(F) and D(M). After equilibrium dialysis measurement of diuron- @entity13304 complexes, it appeared that less than 3% of the diuron applied corresponded to complexes with a molecular weight >1000 Da. Complexes <1000 Da could also take part in this facilitated transport.

title: Interactions of diuron with dissolved XXXX matter from @entity347 amendments.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

answer: @entity347 :: (MESH:D019965,Disease) :: ['organic']


abstract: Intractable @entity1118 resists any therapy, and the mechanism of the @entity158 varies from @entity1 to @entity1 even with the same disease. Therefore, @entity1 with @entity1118 tend to look for a doctor who would successfully attenuate their @entity158 . Consequently, a @entity1 may visit several doctors only to get similar treatments after wasting time and money. To avoid the situation, pharmacological classification (so called drug challenge test) to determine the mechanism of a @entity1 's @entity158 is conducted. Drugs tested are @entity1286 , @entity3652 , @entity3303 , @entity4490 , @entity5521 , @entity1363 , @entity855 clomipramine, @entity5015 , and neurotropin. A test for each drug is conducted on a separate day. As each drug has a different @entity158 -attenuating mechanism, mechanism of a @entity1 's @entity158 will be clarified when an effective drug is found. A drug is administered as a bolus several times or continuously intravenously. According to the results of our tests conducted in sixty-five @entity1 with @entity9 due to @entity1897 , @entity3652 proves to be the most effective in alleviating @entity158 followed by @entity855 , @entity1286 and thiopental. Therapies based on the results were provided to the @entity1 .

title: [Pharmacological classification of intractable XXXX (drug challenge tests)].

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopental']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: We offer here a framework for the understanding of being in recovery from @entity161 as an interpersonal process. We draw upon in-depth phenomenological descriptions of the fundamental changes taking place in an individual's mental life when they are suffering from @entity161 . There is a loss of commonsensical habituality and interpersonal capabilities, usually most prominently expressed as an impaired intersubjective resonance. @entity1 with @entity161 cannot as easily automatically and coherently display their own emotion via their facial expressions or perceive those of others, as do 'normal' @entity1 . This implies that interpersonal resonance between interacting individuals is not automatic, as is often taken for granted. The need to actively rebuild interpersonal resonance also holds true for the interacting 'normal' @entity1 , but would be an unfamiliar and unexpected task. These difficulties in empathizing provoke a mismatch in interpersonal resonance, often leading to the intuition that the @entity1 having @entity161 lacks (explicit) self-awareness. We conclude that there is a mismatch in the form and scope of the social cover extended to the social role opportunities available in trans-Atlantic cultural settings for @entity1 with @entity161 . Typically, these social roles imply that @entity1 with @entity161 are unaware of themselves; however, while they often lack insight or may not consider their symptoms as signs of a @entity146 , they are usually not 'confused' or 'distracted' in the sense of no longer being aware of themselves. We discuss various options for adequate social cover achievable for @entity1 with @entity161 , demonstrating their impact on the recovery process.

title: In recovery from XXXX : regaining social cover - a phenomenological investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The effect of exogenous @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) on the survival of the distal skin paddle with early pedicle division was studied in a @entity35 tubed pedicle flap model. In part I, tubed pedicle skin flaps were created on the backs of 14 @entity35 . The pedicle was divided after an interval of 3, 4, 5 or 7 days, and the survival area of each distal skin paddle was measured 5 days after the pedicle was divided. The percentages of survival were 0, 24.9%, 89.9% and 100%, respectively. In part II, tube flaps were created in 20 @entity35 . In the experimental group, 2 ml of @entity6667 (50 microg ml(-1)) was injected into the recipient bed during tube flap creation in each @entity35 . In the control group, 2 ml of saline was given. The tubed pedicle was divided 4 days after creation. The mean survival area of the distal skin paddle in the group treated with @entity6667 was 7.32 +/- 1.36 cm(2) (80.91%) at 5 days after pedicle division, which was of statistical significance when compared with the survival in the control group of 2.70 +/- 1.89 cm(2) (27.9%). The histology showed angiogenesis at the skin paddle-recipient bed interface following @entity6667 injection. These results demonstrate that the subcutaneous administration of @entity6667 into the recipient bed of the tube flap transfer can induce angiogenes is at the junction between the donor and the recipient bed, and improve skin paddle survival with early pedicle division.

title: Accelerating flap maturation by vascular endothelium growth factorin a XXXX tube flap model.

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelium growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the correlation between preoperative variables in @entity1 with @entity703 and subsequent finding of bad prognosis factors. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study reviewing the charts of all @entity1 undergoing surgery at the HIBA bet- ween June 1988 and April 2003. 555 @entity1 were included, registering age, gender, and clinical presentation. Pathology reports were classified following WHO for histology, Furhman for @entity5 grade, and AJCC for @entity5 stage. @entity66 was @entity5 < or = T2; the rest of the @entity5 were considered extrarenal. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistic 7 Software, performing Students t test, proportions comparison test, chi-square test, and odds ratio. RESULTS: Mean age was 58.8 years (r: 20-94), 388 (69.9%) @entity1 were males and 167 (30.1%) females. 209 (37.7%) were smokers or ex-smokers. 256 (46.1%) @entity5 were incidentally diagnosed, 299 (53.9%) were symptomatic. The right kidney was affected more often (54.6%), and 2.3% were bilateral @entity5 . Grade II was the most frequent grade (62.2%). T1 was the predominant @entity2802 with 273 @entity1 (49.2%). Mean @entity5 size was 6.7 cm, with 5.54 cm for the @entity5 and 8.67 cm for the extrarenal (Student t test p < 0.00001). 49.6% (127) of the 256 asymptomatic @entity1 have @entity5 , in comparison with only 26.4% (79) of the 299 symptomatic @entity1 (chi-square p < 0.00001). Ninety-two (44%) of the 209 smokers had @entity5 in comparison with 114 (32.9%) of the non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: We may say that @entity1 having a symptomatic @entity703 have between 2 and 3 times more probability to have non organ-confined disease at the time of surgery This also increases, although in smaller amounts, between smokers and older than 70 years @entity1 . The presence of a @entity5 greater than 7 cm almost triplicates of the possibility of extrarenal involvement.

title: [Preoperative prognostic variables in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Intrarenal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'extrarenal tumors', 'synchronic tumors', 'intrarenal tumors', 'defined as tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'kidney cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal cancer']


abstract: Severe @entity565 , although difficult to define, includes all cases of difficult/therapy-resistant disease of all age groups and bears the largest part of morbidity and mortality from @entity565 . Acute, severe @entity565 , status asthmaticus, is the more or less rapid but severe @entity748 exacerbation that may not respond to the usual medical treatment. The narrowing of airways causes ventilation perfusion imbalance, @entity358 , and increased work of breathing that may lead to ventilatory muscle fatigue and life-threatening @entity1576 . Treatment for acute, severe @entity565 includes the administration of @entity26 , @entity2263 -agonists (by continuous or repetitive nebulisation), and systemic @entity288 . Subcutaneous administration of @entity1425 or @entity4183 should be considered in @entity1 not responding adequately to continuous nebulisation, in those unable to cooperate, and in intubated @entity1 not responding to inhaled therapy. The exact time to intubate a @entity1 in status asthmaticus is based mainly on clinical judgment, but intubation should not be delayed once it is deemed necessary. Mechanical ventilation in status asthmaticus supports gas-exchange and unloads ventilatory muscles until aggressive medical treatment improves the functional status of the @entity1 . @entity1 intubated and mechanically ventilated should be appropriately sedated, but paralytic agents should be avoided. Permissive @entity2944 , increase in expiratory time, and promotion of @entity1 -ventilator synchronism are the mainstay in mechanical ventilation of status asthmaticus. Close monitoring of the @entity1 's condition is necessary to obviate complications and to identify the appropriate time for weaning. Finally, after successful treatment and prior to discharge, a careful strategy for prevention of subsequent @entity565 attacks is imperative.

title: Clinical review: severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung hyperinflation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that increasing the nerve length within the treatment volume for trigeminal @entity9 radiosurgery would improve @entity158 relief. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighty-seven @entity1 with typical trigeminal @entity9 were randomized to undergo retrogasserian gamma knife radiosurgery (75 Gy maximal dose with 4-mm diameter collimators) using either one (n = 44) or two (n = 43) isocenters. The median follow-up was 26 months (range 1-36). RESULTS: @entity158 relief was complete in 57 @entity1 (45 without medication and 12 with low-dose medication), partial in 15, and minimal in another 15 @entity1 . The actuarial rate of obtaining complete @entity158 relief (with or without medication) was 67.7% +/- 5.1%. The @entity158 relief was identical for one- and two-isocenter radiosurgery. @entity158 relapsed in 30 of 72 responding @entity1 . @entity1183 and mild and severe @entity809 developed in 8, 5, and 1 two-isocenter @entity1 vs. 3, 4, and 0 one-isocenter @entity1 , respectively (p = 0.23). Improved @entity158 relief correlated with younger age (p = 0.025) and fewer prior procedures (p = 0.039) and complications ( @entity1183 or @entity809 ) correlated with the nerve length irradiated (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the treatment volume to include a @entity129 for trigeminal @entity9 radiosurgery does not significantly improve @entity158 relief but may increase complications.

title: Does XXXX within the treatment volume improve trigeminal @entity9 radiosurgery? A prospective double-blind, randomized study.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['longer nerve length']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['numbness', 'Facial numbness']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['increased nerve length']


abstract: 1. Mitochondrial and microsomal fractions were prepared from normal @entity35 liver and the Morris 7777 @entity157 and characterized by the use of the marker enzymes, @entity4588 dehydrogenase and @entity3788 -insensitive @entity1110 -cytochrome c reductase. 2. The phospholipid content per mg membrane protein of Morris 7777 @entity157 mitochondria was increased by 75% as compared with mitochondria from normal @entity35 liver. Microsomes from this poorly-differentiated @entity5 were found to have a 45% decrease in the content of phospholipid. These abnormalities were independent of @entity5 size or age. 3. The percent phospholipid content of the subcellular fractions was determined, and revealed an increase in the percent @entity4291 in both the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of the @entity5 . Decreases in the percent @entity2434 and @entity3633 were noted in @entity5 microsomes as compared with normal liver. @entity6298 was not found in significant quantities in the microsomal fraction of this @entity157 line. 4. The content of the various phospholipid classes per mg protein in the respective mitochondrial and microsomal fractions was determined. Large increases in nearly all the major phospholipid classes were found in @entity5 mitochondria; @entity5 microsomes were characterized by an increased content of @entity4291 but the content of nearly all other phospholipids was significantly decreased. These findings suggest the presence of disturbances in the regulation of phospholipid metabolism in subcellular organelle membranes of the Morris 7777 @entity157 .

title: Abnormal membrane phospholipid content in subcellular fractions from the Morris 7777 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity6298 :: ('CHEBI:28494', 'Chemical') :: ['Diphosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To (1) compare the outcome of self-expandable stents with versus without @entity2096 ( @entity12606 ) for proximal superficial femoral artery (SFA) lesions, and to (2) ascertain the fate of jailed @entity12606 . BACKGROUND: Complex SFA lesions involving the femoral bifurcation (FB) was mostly treated surgically, and the role played by endovascular procedures is uncertain. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 104 consecutive, de novo lesions involving the SFA ostium, stented between April 2005 and September 2010. Depending on the proximal stent edge location, the sample was divided between 60 distal common femoral artery ( @entity3795 ) stenting with jailed @entity12606 and 44 ostial SFA stenting without jailed @entity12606 . The FB was the segment beginning in the distal @entity3795 , 10 mm proximal to the @entity12606 ostium and ending in the @entity10194 and 10 mm distal to the carina. Stented @entity3795 lesions proximal to the FB were excluded. The bifurcation was classified as patent when free of @entity256 and repeat revascularization. RESULTS: The overall 12-month bifurcation and primary patency rates were 72.5% and 52.0%, respectively. Predictors of loss of bifurcation patency were ostial SFA stenting and a small stent in the FB. Bifurcation patency (83.3% vs. 56.3%; P < 0.01) and primary patency of the SFA (56.2% vs. 37.5%; P = 0.088) were higher after distal @entity3795 than after ostial SFA stenting. In 95.7% of distal @entity3795 and 100% of ostial SFA stenting, @entity12606 remained patent at 12-month follow-up (P = 0.237). CONCLUSIONS: The 12-month fate of jailed @entity12606 after distal @entity3795 stenting was acceptable, and the bifurcation patency rate was higher than after ostial SFA stenting.

title: Deployment of self-expandable stents for complex proximal superficial femoral artery lesions involving the femoral bifurcation with or without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['jailed deep femoral artery']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['jailed deep femoral artery']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Continuous use of oral anticontraceptive agents has been related to adverse vascular changes in the form of venous or arterial @entity715 and @entity64 ( @entity64 ). In our case, we describe a @entity64 due to occlusion of the common carotid artery after an acute massive @entity1445 of @entity172 due to error of dosage when using Yuzpe's system or emergency post-coital therapy. CLINICAL CASE: We describe a 26 year old @entity1 with no previous clinical history, who smoked 20 cigarettes per day, did not take oral contraceptive pills and suffered an @entity56126 together with reduced level of consciousness. Imaging tests showed acute occlusion of the right common carotid artery. Etiological study of the @entity1 's cerebral vascular accident was negative. The only etiopathogenic factor to be related was having taken oral contraceptive agents for three days after coitus as emergency post-coital treatment. This treatment was incorrect, since the dose of @entity172 was four times that recommended. CONCLUSIONS: The continued use of @entity172 , especially at doses over 30 micrograms per day, was considered responsible for approximately 10% of CVAs in young @entity1 . The risk of cerebral vascular accident is greater when there is associated @entity2704 and/or smoking. We describe a @entity1 who showed that the acute use of high doses of @entity172 may also cause @entity432 , in this case in the common carotid artery.

title: [Occlusion of the right common carotid artery due to oral XXXX @entity1445 ].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity56126 :: ('MESH:C538620', 'Disease') :: ['acute left facial-brachial-crural hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']