abstract: Mutants resistant to the @entity14285 @entity581 @entity14286 and @entity801 were analyzed biochemically and genetically. In @entity14286 -resistant strains, ribosomal alterations were not detectable by electrophoretic or genetic experiments. Rather, as was demonstrated for one strain in detail, resistance to this drug seems to be the consequence of several mutations, each impairing drug accumulation, namely of a deletion of a gene close to the @entity3790 marker which potentiates the effect of a second mutation in the unc gene cluster. Three mutants resistant to @entity801 which were previously demonstrated to harbor an altered ribosomal protein, L6, were shown in addition to contain unc. Both the unc and the ribosomal mutation greatly impair the drug accumulation ability of the mutants. Further evidence for the direct effect of ribosomal mutations on the uptake of @entity581 was obtained with strains that possess ribosomes with increased affinity for @entity14287 . @entity14287 transport by these cells is greatly stimulated; thus, the @entity56 of these mutants is caused by increased binding affinity for @entity14287 and its secondary effect on the uptake process. Experiments were also performed on the biochemical basis of the third phase of @entity4028 transport (acceleration phase). The condition for its onset is that ribosomes are active in protein synthesis irrespective of whether the proteins synthesized are functional. This, and the failure to observe the synthesis of new proteins upon the addition of @entity581 , do not support the view of autoinduction of a cognate or related transport system.

title: Interaction between XXXX uptake and ribosomal resistance mutations.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity14286 :: ('MESH:D006921', 'Chemical') :: ['hygromycin B']

entities_list: @entity14287 :: ('MESH:D004096', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrostreptomycin', 'Dihydrostreptomycin']

entities_list: @entity14285 :: ('MESH:C007265', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxystreptamine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycoside']


abstract: Eliglustat tartrate is an investigational oral substrate reduction therapy for @entity1120 that is pharmacologically distinct from intravenous enzyme replacement therapy. Eliglustat tartrate improved clinical manifestations in @entity1 who received 50 or 100 mg twice daily for 1 year during an open-label phase 2 study (Blood. 2010;116(6):893-899). We report further improvements after 2 years of treatment in 20 @entity1 (11 females, 9 males; mean age, 33 years) with baseline @entity381 and @entity882 and/or @entity417 . Statistically significant (P < .001) percentage improvements from baseline occurred in platelet count (mean    SD, 81%    56%), hemoglobin level (20%    15%), spleen volume (-52%    11%), and liver volume (-24%    13%). Mean platelet count increased     50 000/mm(3). Mean hemoglobin level increased 2.1 g/dL overall and 3.1 g/dL in 10 @entity1 with baseline @entity417 . Organ volume reductions were greatest in @entity1 with severe baseline @entity7555 . Seventeen (85%) @entity1 met established therapeutic goals for >=  3 of the 4 parameters. Lumbar spine bone mineral density increased 7.8%    10.6% (P = .01) and T-score 0.6    0.8 (P = .012), with major gains in @entity3604 and @entity6092 @entity1 . Magnetic resonance imaging assessment showed that bone marrow infiltration by Gaucher cells was decreased (8/18 @entity1 ) or stable (10/18 @entity1 ). No safety-related trends emerged during 2 years of treatment. This multisite, open-label, single-arm phase 2 study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00358150.

title: Improvement in hematological, visceral, and skeletal manifestations of XXXX with oral eliglustat tartrate (Genz-112638) treatment: 2-year results of a phase 2 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['organomegaly']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease type 1']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher disease type 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endocrine therapies, aromatase inhibitors and @entity440 , are commonly used as an adjuvant treatment in @entity1 with @entity0 . AIMS: This study examined the trends in use of endocrine therapies in Australia between 1996 and 2008, including a comparison between Australian states. METHODS: Prescription and expenditure data for @entity440 and aromatase inhibitors (1996-2008) were obtained from the Drug Utilisation Sub-Committee. We converted prescription data to @entity2794 ( @entity2794 )/1000 population/day, the international unit of drug utilization. Utilization data in each state/territory (2003-2008) were adjusted for female population and age-standardized incidence rates of @entity0 . RESULTS: Total utilization of endocrine therapies increased by 30% from 1.66 to 2.14 @entity2794 /1000/day between 1996 and 2008. Over this period, there was a shift in use from @entity440 to aromatase inhibitors which became the highest used products in 2008. @entity13558 was the most used aromatase inhibitor and its use increased markedly after being listed on Australia's national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) for early @entity0 in 2005 (average increase of 0.14 @entity2794 /1000/day per annum between 2005 and 2008). PBS expenditure for endocrine therapies increased by 265% from  16 million to  58 million between 1996 and 2008. Utilization of endocrine therapies was overall comparable between regions except that it was substantially lower in the Northern Territory. CONCLUSIONS: Use of aromatase inhibitors has overtaken use of @entity440 in 2008. Further real-world effectiveness data are required to evaluate whether large associated increases in expenditures partly because of the higher costs of aromatase inhibitors are actually justified.

title: Time and geographical variations in utilization of endocrine therapy for XXXX in Australia.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['DDD', 'defined daily doses']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['Anastrozole']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Based on the literature to-date, the potential of @entity3323 (ACRL) to cause developmental @entity2359 in laboratory animals has not been assessed. We examined this potential in @entity35 using a study design similar to that proposed by the USEPA. Dosages of 0 (deionized water), 5, 10, 15, or 20 mg/kg/day were administered at 5 ml/kg by oral gavage from gestational day 6 to lactational day 10 to groups of 12 mated females each. Females were allowed to deliver and the offspring were evaluated for survival, growth, development, behavior, and histological changes to brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve. Behavioral assessments consisted of open-field motor activity, @entity2167 , and passive avoidance tests during both the preweaning and adult periods (1 animal/sex/litter). All F0 and F1 animals in the 20 mg/kg/day group were euthanized early in the lactation period due to high pup mortality. Significantly increased pup mortality was also present in the 15 mg/kg/day group. There were dose-related decreases in average F0 maternal body weight gains during the dosing period in the 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg/day groups, and characteristic hindlimb splaying was observed in dams of the two highest dosage groups. Pup body weight proved to be the most sensitive indicator of developmental @entity137 . Dose-related decrease in preweaning average weights were observed at all dose levels, although only transiently in the 5 mg/kg/day group. Average @entity1017 during the postweaning period was significantly decreased only in males of the 15 mg/kg/day group. Significant decreases in average horizontal motor activity and auditory startle response were observed only in weanlings of the 15 mg/kg/day group. The only behavioral effect in F1 adult animals was a decrease in auditory startle response in females of the 15 mg/kg/day group. There were no effects in the passive avoidance test or in the histological examination of the nervous system of preweaning pup or adult animals. Based on these results, the NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for developmental @entity137 is less than 5 mg/kg/day, the NOAEL for maternal @entity137 is 5 mg/kg/day, and that for developmental @entity2359 is 10 mg/kg/day. Thus behavioral changes in the offspring were observed only at a dose which was also maternally toxic. These results suggest that @entity3323 may be a selective developmental toxicant but not a selective developmental neurotoxicant, because a conventional measure of offspring @entity137 (i.e., pup body weight) was affected at a dosage lower than that which produced maternal effects or offspring behavioral effects.

title: Developmental @entity2359 evaluation of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory startle habituation']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity3323 :: (MESH:D020106,Chemical) :: ['acrylamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) assessment with EORTC QLQ-C30 was prognostic for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity157 ), but no data existed for early-stage @entity1 . The @entity157 -specific QLQ-HCC18 has not been evaluated for prognostic value in @entity157 @entity1 . Utilization of raw HRQOL data in clinical setting has been impractical and non-meaningful. Therefore we developed index scores of QLQ-C30 and QLQ-HCC18 in an attempt to enable clinical utilization of these HRQOL measurements. This study investigates the prognostic significance of QLQ-C30, QLQ-HCC18 and C30/HCC18 index-scores in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity157 which encompasses all stages. METHODS: From 2007-2011, 517 @entity1 were prospectively recruited. HRQOL was assessed at diagnosis using QLQ-C30 and QLQ-HCC18; C30 and HCC18 index-scores were calculated from raw HRQOL data. Cox regression was performed using continuous, dichotomized QLQ-C30 and QLQ-HCC18 variables, or index-scores, together with clinical factors to identify independent factors for @entity1349 . Various multivariate models were validated with c-index and bootstrapping for 1000 replications. RESULTS: Four hundred and seventy two @entity1 had complete HRQOL data. Their median @entity1349 was 8.6 months. In multivariate analysis, independent prognostic HRQOL variables for @entity1349 were QLQ-C30 @entity158 (HR 1.346 [1.092-1.661], p   =   0.0055), QLQ-C30 physical functioning (HR 0.652 [0.495-0.860], p   =   0.0024); QLQ-HCC18 @entity158 (HR 1.382 [1.089-1.754], p   =   0.0077) and QLQ-HCC18 fatigue (HR 1.441 [1.132-1.833], p   =   0.0030). C30 index-score (HR 2.143 [1.616-2.841], p   <   0.0001) and HCC18 index-score (HR 1.957 [1.411-2.715], p   <   0.0001) were highly significant factors for @entity1349 . The median @entity1349 of @entity1 with C30 index-score of 0-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-100 were 16.4, 7.3, 3.1, 1.8 months respectively (p   <   0.0001); while for HCC18 index-score: 16.4, 6.0, 2.8, 1.8 months respectively (p   <   0.0001). All the multivariate models were validated, with mean optimism <0.01. The bootstrap validated c-index was 0.78. CONCLUSIONS: QLQ-C30 and QLQ-HCC18 were prognostic for @entity1349 in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity157 irrespective of stage. Both C30 and HCC18 index-scores were highly significant prognostic factors for @entity1349 in newly diagnosed @entity157 @entity1 . Index-scoring provides an effective way to summarize, analyze and interpret raw HRQOL data, and renders QLQ-C30 and QLQ-HCC18 meaningful and communicable in clinical practice. Index-scores could potentially serve as a standardized tool for future HRQOL research.

title: Prognostic values of EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-HCC18 index-scores in @entity1 with XXXX - clinical application of health-related quality-of-life data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advance-stage hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the durability of aortic valve (AoV) repair relative to other strategies for @entity1 with significant @entity337 ( @entity337 ). METHODS: From 2001 to 2012, 90 @entity1 with greater than or equal to moderate @entity337 underwent surgery. Resulting procedures were classified according to final operative outcome: AoV repair (repair; n = 46, 51%), Ross procedure (Ross; n = 21, 23%) or replacement with mechanical or tissue prosthesis [aortic valve replacement (AVR); n = 23, 26%]. Repeated measures (n = 1081 echocardiograms) mixed-model analysis and parametric multiphase risk-adjusted hazard analysis were used to evaluate haemodynamic parameters and durability of operations. RESULTS: Mean age at operation was similar for repair and Ross groups, but slightly higher for the AVR group (10.6, 11 and 13.2, respectively; P = 0.04). Baseline annular dimensions were similar among groups. Of 46 repairs, 85% involved pericardial leaflet extensions (commonly with leaflet shaving and/or commisuroplasty). The remaining repairs were commissuroplasties. On multivariable analysis, repair was associated with increased early (   1-2 years) @entity337 and increased outflow tract peak pressure gradients relative to Ross and AVR procedures. On univariate analysis, repairs tended to have a larger annulus size compared with Ross or AVR; however, this was not significant on multivariable analysis. There were 25 reinterventions (surgical reoperation = 16; transcatheter intervention = 9) for 22 @entity1 . Freedom from surgical reoperation was 64, 100 and 51% at 6 years for repairs, Ross and AVR, respectively (P = 0.05); however, three of five reoperations after AVR were for failed bioprosthetic devices. The freedom from reintervention was not significantly influenced by the type of AoV operation (P = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS: Durability of aortic valve repair for @entity1 is limited by recurrence of @entity337 , often within the first few years. After repair, reoperation should be anticipated within    7 years.

title: Aortic valve repair for insufficiency in older XXXX offers unpredictable durability that may not be advantageous over a primary Ross operation   .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AI and/or stenosis', 'AI', 'aortic insufficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity532 have scarcely been reported in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at determining the frequency of these complications and their associated risk factors in a Kenyan National Teaching and Referral Hospital. METHODS: This cross-sectional study retrospectively covered 117 @entity1 admitted to the Kenyatta National Hospital neurosurgical ward between January 2005 and December 2007 with @entity532 . The data obtained were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTS: The most common complication was obstruction in 63 @entity1 (53.8%), followed by migration in 25 (21.4%) and @entity281 in 23 (19.7%) of the @entity1 . Up to 49.6% of the complications occurred in @entity1 younger than 6 months. Multiple complications were seen in 23.9% of the cases. The mean shunt duration was 18.05 months. Positive correlations existed between the presence of a shunt complication and @entity1 age, shunt duration and the number of complications developed. These correlations were, however, neither strong nor statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study reports the highest frequencies of shunt obstruction and migration ever recorded in the literature. The high rate of development of multiple shunt failures coupled with a short shunt duration calls for a closer monitoring of @entity1 with ventriculoperitoneal shunts.

title: XXXX : a three-year retrospective study in a Kenyan national teaching and referral hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications', 'Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications']


abstract: @entity1 admitted to a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa were studied for @entity580 . Of 2506 @entity1 , 13% developed @entity922 , with the highest rate among obstetric/gynaecologic @entity1 (17.0%). @entity2737 was the most frequent type of @entity580 (49%) followed by @entity293 (25%). Antibiotic prophylaxis was given to 43% of the @entity1 . Gram-negative bacteria comprised 88% of all isolated strains Enterobacteriaceae; 75% of all isolates were found in over 60% of the @entity281 , Proteus 25%, @entity526 20% and Klebsiella 19%. The most widely used antibiotics were ineffective against 65 to 85% of the Gram-negative strains. @entity3524 and @entity801 were more effective. @entity794 isolates were also similarly resistant, against which @entity5821 , @entity6186 and @entity801 were the more effective ones. Over 70% of the strains were multiple resistant. The findings underscore the need for a surveillance program and @entity281 control system to reduce the high rate of @entity281 and to institute appropriate guidelines for the use of prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotics.

title: The bacteriology of XXXX at Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity6186 :: ('MESH:D008034', 'Chemical') :: ['lincomycin']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical infections']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Aim of study was to clarify the cytological characteristics of grade 3 @entity4348 of endometrial origin (G3 EA) by endometrial brushing cytology. METHODS: The subjects were 11 @entity1 in whom G3 EA was diagnosed by review of preoperative cytological specimens obtained at our hospital and related institutions between 2000 and 2010. These @entity1 were investigated with respect to the preoperative cytological diagnosis, background changes, cell cluster patterns, and individual cellular findings. Background changes were classified as inflammatory or tumorous, while cell clusters were classified as overlapping cell cluster, sheet-like cell cluster, clump of high dense gland, papillary, or other cell cluster. Cellular findings were investigated by comparing the incidence of squamous and clear cell metaplasia, the nuclear rounding rate, and the nuclear area with the findings in a control group (35 @entity1 with G1-2 EA). RESULTS: Background changes were classified as inflammatory in 63.6% and @entity39 in 36.4%. The cell clusters were classified as overlapping cell cluster in 44.8%, cell cluster in 21.7%, clump of high dense gland in 10.0%, papillary in 4.0%, and other cell cluster in 19.5%. The incidence of squamous and clear cell metaplasia was 27.2% and 18.1%, respectively. The mean nuclear rounding rate was 0.97, and the mean nuclear area was 55.98   m2. CONCLUSION: Investigation of the cytoarchitecture of G3 EA with endometrial brushing cytology revealed overlapping cell cluster and @entity5 cells of a relatively uniform size. These findings suggest that it is necessary to recognize that there are differences between the cytological findings of G3 EA and the usual features of G1-2 EA.

title: Cytological Study of Grade 3 @entity4348 of Endometrial Origin: Cytoarchitecture and Features of Cell Clusters Assessed With Endometrial Brushing Cytology -Focusing on a comparison with XXXX Grade 1, 2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In utero @entity286 exposure has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes but few studies have used longitudinal ultrasound measurements to asses the effects on fetal growth. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of active and passive smoking during pregnancy on fetal biometry in a cohort of Spanish @entity1 . METHODS: @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were evaluated in each trimester of pregnancy. Detailed information on smoking and potential confounders was assessed by questionnaire. SD scores were calculated from longitudinal growth curves adjusted for gestational age and potential determinants of growth. Size was assessed by means of unconditional SD scores at 12, 20, 32 and 38 weeks of pregnancy, while growth between these points was assessed by means of conditional SD scores. The association between smoking and fetal growth was investigated by regression models and adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle-related variables. RESULTS: Maternal smoking was inversely associated with size of all parameters at weeks 32 and 38 and with growth in 20-32, 12-32 and 12-38 week intervals. In 32-38 weeks the effect was significant for AC and EFW. Environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS) exposure was inversely associated with growth in @entity5562 in all the intervals except 32-38 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Active smoking during pregnancy was associated with a reduction in @entity5562 , AC, FL and EFW from mid-gestation. ETS adversely affected @entity5562 from early pregnancy.

title: Active and passive smoking during pregnancy and ultrasound measures of fetal growth in a cohort of pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['BPD', 'Biparietal diameter']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been widely available in Ghana since 2004. The aim of this cohort study was to assess the incidences of @entity204 , @entity791 events and non- @entity791 defining events and associated risk factors amongst @entity1 initiating cART in a large treatment centre. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from clinic and hospital case notes for @entity1 initiating cART between 2004 and 2010 and clinical events graded according to recognised definitions for @entity791 , non- @entity791 events (NADE) and @entity204 , with additional events not included in such definitions such as @entity311 also included. The cumulative incidence of events was calculated using Kaplan Meier analysis, and association of risk factors with events by Cox proportional hazards regression. Data were closed for analysis on 31st December, 2011 after a median follow-up of 30 months (range, 0-90 months). Amongst 4,039 @entity1 starting cART at a median @entity404 count of 133 cells/mm3, there were 324 (8%) confirmed @entity204 , with an event rate of 28.83 (95% CI 25.78-32.15) @entity204 per 1000- @entity1 follow-up years; the commonest established causes were @entity358 and @entity1902 . There were 681 @entity791 events (60.60 [56.14-65.33] per 1000 @entity1 years) with @entity358 and chronic @entity294 being the most frequent causes. Forty-one NADEs were recorded (3.64 [2.61-4.95] per 1000 @entity1 years), of which hepatic and cardiovascular events were most common. Other common events recorded outside these definitions included @entity311 (746 events) and @entity1729 (666 events). Overall 24% of @entity1 were lost-to-follow-up. Alongside expected risk factors, @entity14027 use was associated with @entity791 [adjusted HR of 1.08 (0.90-1.30)] and @entity204 (adjusted HR of 1.60 [1.21-2.11]). Whilst frequency of @entity791 and @entity204 in this cohort were similar to those described in other sub-Saharan African cohorts, rates of NADEs were lower and far exceeded by events such as @entity311 and @entity1729 .

title: Risk of XXXX , @entity791 and non- @entity791 defining events among Ghanaians on long-term combination antiretroviral therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity14027 :: ('MESH:D018119', 'Chemical') :: ['stavudine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS-defining', 'AIDS']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: SUMMARY: First described in 1928, percutaneous aspiration of @entity1644 is infrequently performed to aid in diagnosis and surgical management. We describe a case of post traumatic @entity1644 successfully treated with direct fluoroscopic drainage with substantial resolution of syrinx-related neurologic symptoms. The @entity1 is a 36-year-old @entity1 involved in a motorcycle accident who sustained multiple @entity174 resulting in dense @entity451 below T4, ultimately treated with multilevel laminectomy and pedicle screw fixation. The @entity1 began to experience phantom leg paresthesias and @entity2473 felt to be related to an extensive @entity602 extending to the conus. Syrinx drainage was accomplished fluoroscopically at the level of the conus by percuntaneous needle drainage after cord localization with intrathecal myelographic contrast. Clear spinal fluid was drained from the syrinx cavity without complication. Immediately during and after drainage, the @entity1 recognized a decrease in phantom pelvic and lower extremity paresthesias with significantly reduced @entity508 . @entity891 was documented with post-drainage CT imaging. Sustained relief of paresthesias and @entity2473 was achieved with gradual syrinx and symptom return requiring subsequent drainages performed at nine, 22 and 37 months following the initial drainage. In addition to confirming the symptomatic nature of @entity1644 in those with atypical symptoms, fluoroscopically guided drainage of syrinx can in select instances provide sustained relief. This modality may have additional advantages including serving as an adjunctive maneuver to improve operative access to the subarachnoid space by collapsing the cord, and serving as a temporizing measure for those @entity1 who are poor surgical candidates. Maneuvers such as fluoroscopic table angulation provide an additional benefit in both the localization and drainage of @entity1644 and thus may be preferred over other minimally invasive procedures such as CT-guided drainage.

title: Direct fluoroscopic drainage of symptomatic XXXX . A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord syrinx']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['Syrinx collapse']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['muscle spasms', 'muscle spasm']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['post-traumatic syringomyelia']


abstract: @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitors not only reduce @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) levels but also inhibit kinin degradation. The relative roles of @entity1808 and @entity1812 in the acute action of @entity1811 inhibitors on renal hemodynamic parameters in @entity35 after 3 wk of @entity6 were explored using antagonists of the @entity1809 ( @entity1809 ) and the bradykinin B2 receptors. Conscious control and @entity3839 @entity6 male @entity35 were randomized to receive vehicle, the @entity1811 inhibitor, ramiprilat, the B2-receptor blocker, @entity19616 , the @entity1809 -receptor blocker, @entity917 , or the combination of ramiprilat and @entity19616 . Systolic blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), filtration fraction and urinary flow, and @entity1372 excretion were assessed before and during treatment. @entity6 animals had higher GFR and a tendency toward increased RPF and filtration fraction compared with control animals. Acute ramiprilat infusion decreased GFR significantly in @entity6 but not in control animals. @entity917 and the combination of ramiprilat and @entity19616 reduced blood pressure to a similar degree to ramiprilat alone, yet did not reduce GFR. No decrease in GFR was observed in any control @entity35 groups. Ramiprilat decreased RPF in @entity6 @entity35 but increased RPF in control @entity35 . No such effects on RPF were observed with @entity917 . @entity19616 alone did not influence any renal parameter in the @entity6 @entity35 . @entity6 @entity35 had increased urinary flow and @entity1372 excretion, but these parameters were not influenced by any drug regimen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Acute renal hemodynamic effects of XXXX inhibition in @entity6 hyperfiltration: role of kinins.

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan', 'Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'Angiotensin converting enzyme']

answer: @entity1811 :: (24310(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A series study of @entity16 @entity1 with @entity174 treated with anterior single segmental decompression and fixation (ASSDF). OBJECTIVE: To describe a surgical technique of ASSDF and its clinical outcome in a group of @entity16 @entity1 with @entity174 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The optimal treatment for thoracolumbar @entity174 is still controversial. METHODS: The canals of selected @entity1 were fully decompressed with partial dissection on fractured vertebral body. @entity1347 was achieved with grafting and fixation. Clinical evaluation (including Frankel scales and visual analogue scale) and radiologic assessments (including the measurements of the kyphosis Cobb angle, adjacent superior, inferior intervertebral disc height, and vertebral canal sagittal diameter on radiograph film and computer tomography scans) were performed before the operation and at 3-day, 6-month, 1-, 2-, and 3-year intervals after the operation. RESULTS: Between June 2006 and May 2008, 37 @entity1 with @entity174 were recruited for study. Thirty-four @entity1 with successful ASSDF accomplished a 1-year follow-up. Average follow-up duration was 26    9.2 months. The average operation time and @entity190 were 173    26 minutes and 445.6    164.4 mL, respectively. Average Frankel scales were significantly improved at the end of follow-up. visual analogue scale decreased from 7.2    0.8 before operation to less than 1.7    0.7 (P < 0.05) 6 months later. The vertebral canal sagittal diameter was enlarged from an average of 5.9    1.2 mm to 16.2    1.0 mm (P < 0.01). The canal stenosis index also improved, from 36.0% to 99.1%. @entity1513 was corrected from 21.5      6.1   to 7.3      3.2   (P < 0.05) and remained at 8.2      3.6   (P > 0.05) 1 year later. Adjacent disc heights remained constant. No serious complications or fixation failures were observed during follow-up. CONCLUSION: ASSDF provides a novel and effective surgical option for treating @entity174 with @entity16 .

title: Anterior single segmental decompression and fixation for Denis B type thoracolumbar burst XXXX with @entity16 : thirty-four cases with average twenty-six month follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Denis B type fracture', 'Denis B type thoracolumbar burst fractures', 'burst fractures']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Single segmental fusion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologically deficient', 'neurologic deficiency']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: @entity604 in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a key feature both local and systemic. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies ( @entity7134 ) have recently been found to directly induce differentiation and activation of osteoclasts and therefore contribute to periarticular @entity604 . The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of @entity7134 on systemic @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 with established @entity309 . This is a cross-sectional study with a single-center @entity309 population. @entity79 was measured with Dual X- @entity16039 absorptiometry at lumbar and femoral sites. @entity7134 were measured by EIA. Multivariate analysis was performed adjusting for the main confounding variables. One hundred twenty-seven @entity309 @entity1 were enrolled. In univariate analysis, @entity7134 -positive @entity1 showed lower @entity79 Z-score (SD below the age- and gender-matched mean reference value) at femoral sites (p   <   0.01). A negative correlation between @entity7134 titer and @entity79 Z-score at all sites was observed (p   <   0.01). The multivariate analysis adjusted for the main confounding variables confirmed the negative effect of @entity7134 at femoral sites (p   <   0.05), but not at lumbar spine @entity79 . No significant effect of rheumatoid factor has been observed. @entity7134 have a negative titer-dependent effect on @entity79 at femoral sites, mainly constituted by cortical bone. @entity7134 -positive @entity1 , especially if at high titer, should undergo bone investigations and be treated with bone protecting agents. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs lowering @entity7134 titer might have positive effects on systemic bone mass.

title: Titer-Dependent Effect of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies On Systemic Bone Mass in @entity309 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent reports suggest that host-seeking nymphs in southern populations of @entity3966 remain below the leaf litter surface, while northern nymphs seek hosts on leaves and twigs above the litter surface. This behavioral difference potentially results in decreased tick contact with @entity1 in the south, and fewer cases of @entity3001 . We studied whether north-south differences in tick survival patterns might contribute to this phenomenon. Four month old larvae resulting from a cross between Wisconsin males and South Carolina females died faster under southern than under northern conditions in the lab, as has previously been reported for ticks from both northern and southern populations. However, newly-emerged larvae from Rhode Island parents did not differ consistently in mortality under northern and southern conditions, possibly because of their younger age. Survival is lower, and so the north-south survival difference might be greater in older ticks. Larval survival was positively related to larval size (as measured by scutal area), while survival was positively related to larval fat content in some, but not all, trials. The difference in larval survival under northern vs. southern conditions might simply result from faster metabolism under warmer southern conditions leading to shorter life spans. However, ticks consistently died faster under southern than under northern conditions in the laboratory when relative humidity was low (75%), but not under moderate (85%) or high (95%) RH. Therefore, mortality due to desiccation stress is greater under southern than under northern conditions. We hypothesize that mortality resulting from the greater desiccation stress under southern conditions acts as a selective pressure resulting in the evolution of host-seeking behavior in which immatures remain below the leaf litter surface in southern @entity3966 populations, so as to avoid the desiccating conditions at the surface. If this hypothesis is correct, it has implications for the effect of climate change on the future distribution of @entity3001 .

title: Environmental Factors Affecting Survival of Immature XXXX and Implications for Geographical Distribution of Lyme Disease: The Climate/Behavior Hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity3966 :: ('6945', 'Species') :: ['I. scapularis', 'Ixodes scapularis']

answer: @entity3966 :: (6945,Species) :: ['Ixodes scapularis']


abstract: 1. It has recently been shown that the increase in external carotid blood flow induced by @entity750 ( @entity750 ) in the anaesthetized @entity235 , being mimicked by @entity20935 ( @entity20936 ), inhibited by @entity10896 , vagosympathectomy and sympatho-inhibitory drugs, and resistant to blockade by @entity7301 and @entity16645 , is mediated by stimulation of prejunctional 5-HT1-like receptors leading to an inhibitory action on carotid sympathetic nerves; these 5-HT1-like receptors are unrelated to either the @entity20937 , @entity20938 or 5-HT1C (now 5-HT2C) receptor subtypes. Inasmuch as @entity20936 , @entity20532 , @entity9251 and @entity6521 display high affinity, amongst other @entity750 binding sites, for the @entity20939 subtype, in the present study we have used these drugs in an attempt to determine whether the above inhibitory prejunctional 5-HT1-like receptors correlate with the @entity20939 subtype. 2. One-minute intracarotid (i.c.) infusions of @entity750 (0.3, 1, 3 and 10 micrograms), @entity20936 (0.01, 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 micrograms), @entity20532 (1, 3, 10 and 30 micrograms) and @entity9251 (1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 micrograms) resulted in dose-dependent increases in external carotid blood flow (without changes in mean arterial blood pressure or heart rate) with the following rank order of agonist potency: @entity20936 > @entity750 > @entity20532 > or = @entity9251 . Interestingly, @entity9251 -induced vasodilatation was followed by a more pronounced vasoconstriction. 3. The external carotid vasodilator effects of @entity750 , @entity20936 , @entity20532 and @entity9251 were dose-dependently and specifically antagonized by @entity6521 (10, 30 and/or 100 micrograms kg-1, i.v.). In addition, @entity20532 - and @entity9251 -induced vasodilator effects were, respectively, markedly inhibited or abolished after vagosympathectomy, as previously shown for @entity20936 and @entity750 .4. @entity9251 showed tachyphylaxis in its vasodilator component and antagonized @entity750 -induced external carotid vasodilatation in a specific manner, suggesting that a common site of action may be involved.5. Taken together, the above results support our contention that @entity750 , @entity20936 , @entity20532 and @entity9251 produce external carotid vasodilatation in the @entity235 by an action that might primarily involve a prejunctional inhibition on carotid sympathetic nerves; a secondary component of this vasodilator response may be postsynaptic (endothelium-dependent and/or even directly on the vasculature).Based on the rank order of agonist potency, inhibition by vagosympathectomy and blockade by @entity6521 , we suggest that the inhibitory prejunctional 5-HT1-like receptors mediating external carotid vasodilatation in the @entity235 closely resemble the 5-HTID receptor subtype. The pharmacological profile of these receptors is similar (sympathetic nerves of the @entity35 kidney and @entity1 saphenous vein, as well as porcine coronary endothelium) to other putative 5-HTID receptors mediating vascular responses.

title: The 5-HT1-like receptor mediating the increase in XXXX external carotid blood flow: close resemblance to the @entity20939 subtype.

entities_list: @entity10896 :: ('MESH:D008719', 'Chemical') :: ['methiothepin']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['Sumatriptan', 'sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity6521 :: ('MESH:D008711', 'Chemical') :: ['metergoline']

entities_list: @entity20532 :: ('MESH:D008735', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methoxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxy-tryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity7301 :: ('MESH:D016713', 'Chemical') :: ['ritanserin']

entities_list: @entity20935 :: ('MESH:C047087', 'Chemical') :: ['5-carboxamidotryptamine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1508 potentiates the positive inotropic effects of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulations but impairs the positive lusitropic effect of beta-adrenoceptor stimulations. However, the interactions of @entity5161 and @entity2614 with alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation have not been entirely defined. METHODS: The effects of 1 minimum alveolar concentration @entity5161 and @entity2614 on the inotropic responses induced by @entity2647 (10(-8) to 10(-4) M) or @entity3044 (10(-8 to 10(-4) M) were studied in @entity35 left ventricular papillary muscles in vitro (Krebs-Henseleit solution, 29 degrees C; pH, 7.4; 0.5 mM @entity460 ; stimulation frequency, 12 pulses/min). The positive lusitropic effects of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulations were studied under isotonic and isometric conditions. Data are mean percentages of baseline +/- SEM. RESULTS: In control groups, @entity2647 (134 +/- 8%; P < 0.05) and @entity3044 (171 +/- 7%; P < 0.05) induced a positive inotropic effect. @entity5161 enhanced the positive inotropic effects of @entity2647 (185 +/- 10%; P < 0.05) and of @entity3044 (203 +/- 11%; P < 0.05). @entity2614 enhanced the positive inotropic effects of @entity2647 (187 +/- 10%; P < 0.05) and of @entity3044 (228 +/- 11%; P < 0.05). These potentiations were similar to those previously reported with @entity1508 . @entity5161 and @entity2614 did not modify the positive lusitropic effects under low and high loads of @entity3044 . CONCLUSION: Although @entity5161 and @entity2614 have moderate negative inotropic effects, they potentiated the positive inotropic effects of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulations but did not modify the positive lusitropic effects of beta-adrenoceptor stimulation.

title: Interaction of @entity5161 and XXXX with alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulations in @entity35 myocardium.

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['Halothane', 'halothane']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity12288 is a dermatopathy characterized by an irregular, violaceous, netlike pattern which spares the face. Associated with a variety of conditions, it occurs consequent to pathological or physiological narrowing of small and medium arteries at the @entity8668 . @entity12287 refers to the idiopathic coupling of @entity12288 and @entity64 in the absence of traditional vascular risk factors. Over 50% of @entity1 with @entity12287 describe a history of @entity10 . We undertook this study to determine the frequency of @entity12288 in our @entity10 clinic. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of consecutive @entity1 attending a @entity10 clinic over a period of 6 months. The @entity1 had all been seen by one physician (G.E.T.) who noted the presence or absence of @entity12288 . The charts were reviewed for age, sex, and vascular risk factors, including current use of oral contraceptives, and history of smoking, @entity453 , @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity64 , or @entity625 . RESULTS: Charts from 133 @entity1 with @entity10 were reviewed (24 @entity1 [18%], 109 @entity1 [82%]; mean age, 42 +/- 13 years). @entity12288 was observed in 29 @entity1 (22%) and in a similar proportion in @entity1 (25%) and @entity1 (21%). When we stratified the @entity2704 population by presence or absence of livedo, we found no significant difference in age (44.5 versus 41.7 years, P =.16). There was a higher frequency of @entity64 diagnosis in the cohort with @entity12288 (28%[8 of 29] versus 7%[7 of 104], P =.005), but we found no significant differences in frequency of @entity101 , oral contraceptive use, @entity6 , @entity453 , @entity625 , or cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS: In our @entity10 clinic, @entity12288 is present in more than one fifth of @entity1 . A history of @entity64 is more frequent in this subset of migraineurs, raising the possibility that @entity12288 can be used as a clinical marker to identify those migraineurs with an increased risk of @entity64 .

title: @entity12288 and @entity2704 : a marker for XXXX risk?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['dermis-subcutis border']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity12287 :: ('MESH:D018860', 'Disease') :: ['Sneddon syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['livedo reticularis', 'Livedo reticularis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of survivin antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) on proliferation and apoptosis of @entity1 @entity320 cells. METHODS: hMMC A375 colonies in log growth phase were collected and divided into control group (C, without transfection), sense chain group [SC, transfected with 600 nmol/L survivin sense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)], mismatch chain group (MC, transfected with 600 nmol/L survivin mismatch sense ODN), liposome group (L, treated with liposome), antisense chain group (AC, transfected with survivin ASODN, and subdivided into AC 200, 400, 600 nmol/L subgroups) according to the random number table. Transfection result was observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. Inhibition rate of cell proliferation was calculated after determination of cell viability with @entity98 method. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate were detected with bi-variable flow cytometry. Expression of survivin protein was determined with Western blot. Activity of @entity522 was assessed with kinase method. Data were processed with analysis of variance. RESULTS: (1) Cell transfection rates in SC, MC, AC 600 nmol/L groups were all above 80%. (2) Compared with those in SC group [(5.23 +/- 0.25)%], MC group [(5.09 +/- 0.13)%] and L group [(4.70 +/- 0.45)%], inhibition rates of cell proliferation in AC 200, 400, 600 nmol/L groups 24 hours after transfection [(10.30 +/- 0.56)%, (16.69 +/- 0.58)%, (24.67 +/- 0.67)%] were significantly increased (F = 746.91, and P values all below 0.05). As time after transfection went on, proliferation inhibition rate was increased obviously. (3) Apoptosis rate in AC 200, 400, 600 nmol/L groups 24 hours after transfection was respectively (13.5 +/- 1.9)%, (20.1 +/- 1.5)%, (32.1 +/- 2.9)%, which were significantly higher than those in C, SC, MC, and L groups [(6.5 +/- 0.6)%, (5.6 +/- 0.7)%, (6.4 +/- 1.0)%, (6.5 +/- 1.3)%, F = 139.9, P values all below 0.05]. Cells in AC group were blocked in G2/M stage. (4) Compared with those in C group, expression amount of survivin protein decreased, and @entity522 activity obviously increased (F = 63.1, P values all below 0.05) in AC group. No significant difference in @entity522 activity between SC, MC, L groups and C group was observed (F = 0.512, P values all above 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Survivin ASODN can inhibit the proliferation of hMMC A375 in a concentration-time dependent manner, and it induces G2/M stage block and promotes its apoptosis.

title: [Effect of survivin antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on proliferation and apoptosis of XXXX @entity320 cells].

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Inhibin and @entity723 are known to be involved in the pituitary hormone secretion as well as proliferation of the pituitary. We studied the expression of @entity11225 , and beta A subunit and @entity723 type II receptor ( @entity11226 ) mRNAs in @entity1 @entity977 to determine the significance of inhibin and @entity723 in pituitary hormone secretion. @entity5 tissues were homogenized immediately after resection in @entity8735 to extract total RNA. PCR was performed with reversely transcripted cDNA and respective amplification primers. DNA bands obtained for @entity11225 , beta A and @entity11226 by agarose gel-electrophoresis were 367, 285, and 389 bp, respectively. Messenger RNAs for @entity11227 were demonstrated in all of the pituitary tissues studied, namely in 3 GH, 2 ACTH, 6 PRL and 1 FSH producing @entity652 and 17 non-functioning @entity652 . @entity11225 mRNAs were detected in 10 of 12 functioning @entity652 and 15 of 17 non-functioning @entity652 . @entity11226 mRNAs were found in 11 out of 17 non-functioning @entity652 , but only found in 3 out of 12 functioning @entity652 . These results suggested local production of @entity723 , a homodimer of beta-subunits, and inhibin, a heterodimer of alpha and beta subunits, in most of the @entity977 regardless of their hormone secretion. On the other hand, a significantly higher incidence of @entity11226 in non-functioning @entity652 than in functioning @entity652 suggested that @entity723 had its main site of action in non-functioning @entity652 , which could be potential gonadotropinomas.

title: Expression of @entity11225 , and beta A subunit and @entity723 type II receptor mRNAs in various XXXX @entity977 .

entities_list: @entity11225 :: ('3623', 'Gene') :: ['Inhibin alpha', 'inhibin alpha']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity8735 :: ('MESH:C054436', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidinium thiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Overweight and @entity28 in youth is a worldwide public health problem. Overweight and @entity28 in childhood and adolescents have a substantial effect upon many systems, resulting in clinical conditions such as @entity209 , @entity731 , @entity2299 , @entity101 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). @entity28 and the @entity164 of body fat distribution are still the core aspects of @entity2690 resistance and seem to be the physiopathologic links common to @entity209 , @entity65 and @entity2175 . The earlier the appearance of the clustering of risk factors and the higher the time of exposure, the greater will be the chance of developing @entity301 with a more severe endpoint. The age when the event may occur seems to be related to the presence and aggregation of risk factors throughout life.The treatment in this age-group is non pharmacological and aims at promoting changes in lifestyle. However, pharmacological treatments are indicated in special situations.The major goals in dietary treatments are not only limited to weight loss, but also to an improvement in the quality of life. Modification of risk factors associated to comorbidities, personal satisfaction of the @entity1 or adolescent and trying to establish healthy life habits from an early age are also important. There is a continuous debate on the best possible exercise to do, for @entity1 or adolescents, in order to lose weight. The prescription of physical activity to @entity1 and adolescents requires extensive integrated work among multidisciplinary teams, @entity1 and their families, in order to reach therapeutic success.The most important conclusion drawn from this symposium was that if the growing prevalence of overweight and @entity28 continues at this pace, the result will be a population of @entity1 and adolescents with @entity209 . This would lead to high mortality rates in young adults, changing the current increasing trend of worldwide longevity. Government actions and a better understanding of the causes of this problem must be implemented worldwide, by aiming at the prevention of @entity28 in @entity1 and adolescents.

title: @entity209 , XXXX , @entity101 and @entity2175 in youth: from diagnosis to treatment.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['early atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: Eighty-two consecutive @entity1 with a first inferior wall acute @entity583 were evaluated by radionuclide angiography and 24-hour Holter monitoring during their hospital stay. The @entity1 were divided into two groups. The first group (n = 28) had advanced @entity713 , while the second group (n = 54) were without @entity713 . The @entity1 with @entity1442 had lower left ventricular (49 +/- 12% vs. 55 +/- 14%, P less than 0.05) and right ventricular ejection fraction (26 +/- 10% vs. 43 +/- 11%, P less than 0.001) than those with normal atrioventricular conduction. The @entity713 disappeared spontaneously in all of them. The hospital mortality of the @entity1 with @entity1442 and those without @entity1442 was 10.7 and 5.5%, respectively (P = NS). Pre-discharge 24-hour Holter monitoring done in all survivors revealed isolated @entity1540 (Lown grade I, II, III) in 44% of @entity1 who had had @entity1442 and 43.1% of @entity1 without @entity1442 (P = NS). @entity1540 (Lown grade IVa, IVb), however, were recorded in significantly more @entity1 with @entity1442 as compared to @entity1 without @entity1442 (36 vs. 7.8%, P less than 0.01). Most @entity1 with complex @entity1540 in both groups had impaired left or right ventricular function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Significance of advanced XXXX in acute inferior @entity583 --a study based on ventricular function and Holter monitoring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced block']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['Complex ventricular ectopics', 'ventricular ectopics']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular block']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3604 , including acute and @entity1642 , are increasing in frequency and present a number of management problem. Many of these @entity1 are treated non-operatively with relative immobility (e.g. bedrest, wheelchair, or weight bearing restrictions) and analgesics, which likely make the @entity2483 worse. Surgery in this @entity1 population may be desirable in some cases with the goals of improving mobility, relieving @entity158 , and healing in an aligned position while minimizing deformity progression. However, internal fixation of the @entity3604 can be difficult. Large unicortical lag screws are the workhorse of posterior pelvic fixation, and yet fixation in cancellous bone corridors of an @entity3604 sacrum seems unlikely to achieve optimal fixation. As a result, the operative management and clinical results of these difficult injuries may not be uniformly successful.We present a technique for treating @entity3604 @entity1 with a sacral @entity174 when operative treatment is indicated using percutaneous screw fixation combined with screw augmentation using a resorbable @entity78 bone substitute or "cement." The guide wire for a 7.3-mm or other large cannulated lag screw is fully inserted along the desired bony sacral corridor as is standard. The lag screw is then inserted over the wire to the depth where cement is desired. The guide wire is removed, and the aqueous @entity78 is injected through the screw's cannulation. For acute @entity174 , cement was applied to the areas distant to the @entity174 , while in insufficiency @entity174 ; the cement was inserted along most of the screw path. The guide wire then can be reinserted and the lag screw fully inserted.The rationale for using these 2 modalities is their synergistic effect: the cannulated screw provides typical screw fixation and also a conduit for cement application. The cement augments the lag screw's purchase in @entity79 , enhancing fixation strength. We propose that combining percutaneous screw fixation with @entity78 augmentation may provide an improved biomechanical environment for healing of these difficult @entity174 that might translate into earlier mobility, @entity158 control, and improved outcomes.

title: Combined Percutaneous Screw Fixation with Screw Augmentation Using Resorbable XXXX Cement for the Treatment of @entity3604 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporotic sacral fractures', 'osteoporotic pelvis', 'osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic bone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['better pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic component']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['chronic insufficiency fractures']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['Calcium Phosphate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare treatment characteristics, survival and costs for @entity2240 and @entity6219 for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) in a real-world setting. METHODS: Using claims data, this observational, retrospective cohort study selected individuals aged 19 to 89 years, with commercial or Medicare insurance, advanced @entity1358 , and at least one pharmacy claim for @entity2240 or @entity6219 between 1 November 2009 and 31 December 2012. Treatment characteristics (treatment interruption, adherence, duration and discontinuation), survival, and costs were measured up to 12 months. Statistical models were adjusted for age, gender, geographic region, race, and RxRisk-V score. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity6219 @entity1 exhibited significantly worse health status indicators (RxRisk-V score, number of pharmacy claims, and pre-index total healthcare costs) than @entity2240 @entity1 . There were no differences in treatment characteristics or survival. Index medication costs (mean difference  5580, p   =   0.03, adj p   =   0.05) and total healthcare costs (mean difference  12,192, p   =   0.09, adj p   =   0.07) trended higher with @entity2240 . @entity1 non-adherent with @entity2240 incurred significantly higher total costs compared to @entity1 non-adherent with @entity6219 (mean difference  17,680, p   =   0.04, adj p   =   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality data and proxy variables for treatment effectiveness indicate comparable clinical value for both medications. @entity2240 treatment trended towards higher index medication and total healthcare costs despite higher pre-index total costs and worse health status indicators at baseline with @entity6219 . Non-adherence with @entity2240 was associated with significantly higher total healthcare costs, which may indicate differences in tolerability between the two agents and requires further investigation.

title: Comparing two tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treatment of @entity1358 in Medicare and commercially insured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['advanced renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The diameter and sphericity of alginate- @entity5731 -alginate microcapsules, which was determined by the size and shape of @entity460 alginate microspheres, affected durability and biocompatibility of microcapsules and the result of transplantation. The commonly used airjet spray method generated microspheres with wide variation in diameter and sphericity. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we designed a field effect microparticle generator which established a stable electric field. This generated @entity460 alginate microspheres with an adjustable diameter (range, 50-350 microns). Factors which influenced the diameter and sphericity of microspheres included the percentage of alginate, field strength, speed of extrusion of alginate, needle gauge, field distance, and cell density in @entity14917 . The conditions used for microencapsulation of @entity35 , @entity1707 , and @entity1 islets were 5500-6500 volts, 22 gauge needle with blunt end, 1-cm field distance, 1.5% @entity14917 , and 0.57 mL/min extrusion speed. These combinations would give most of the islet-containing microcapsules a diameter of 300-450 microns when alginate microspheres were incubated with @entity12374 solution for a total of six minutes. If individual cells (eg, @entity8768 ) were microencapsulated, a larger gauge needle resulted in smaller microcapsules. Field strength of 6500 volts at a distance of 1 cm did not change the doubling time of @entity8768 @entity1582 cells. By using the electric field microparticle generator, encapsulated cells were distributed around the periphery of the microspheres and thus improved the @entity26 and nutrient supply of these encapsulated cells.

title: The use of field effects to generate XXXX alginate microspheres and its application in cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lysine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14917 :: ('MESH:C008970', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium alginate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The aim of this study was to present estimates of national trends in the incidence of the most frequent @entity5 over the period 1980-2005 and to provide projections up to 2010. World age-standardised estimates of national incidence were modelled using data from the French @entity5 registries and the incidence/mortality ratios observed in the area covered by the contributing registries, using an age-period-cohort model. The incidence of @entity5 in @entity1 strongly decreased over time from 15.3 in 1980 to 7.9 per 100 000 in 2005, whereas the incidence in @entity1 slowly increased. A steadily decreasing trend in @entity356 was found in both sexes. After a steady increase until 1995, the incidence of @entity14 stabilised in both sexes, with a slight decrease in @entity1 . In 2010, the projected incidence was 36.5 per 100 000 in @entity1 and 24.4 in @entity1 . The incidence of @entity96 showed the highest increase over time. In @entity1 , this increase was steeper until 1995 than later. The projected incidence in 2010 was 10.9 per 100 000 in @entity1 and 2.4 in @entity1 . The incidence of @entity788 increased slowly between 1980 and 1990 and increased steeply after 1990, reaching an estimated 7.6 per 100 000 in @entity1 and 4.7 in @entity1 in 2005. This study on trends in the incidence of @entity5 in France showed large changes between 1980 and 2010. The increase in the incidence of @entity96 and @entity788 was striking. @entity14 incidence is stabilising.

title: Trends in the incidence of XXXX in France between 1980 and 2005 and projections for the year 2010.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'primary liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['digestive cancers', 'oesophageal cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['digestive cancers']


abstract: PURPOSE: The family of natriuretic peptides (NPs); atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ), and @entity21695 ( @entity21695 ) as well as three associated receptors (NPRs); @entity13380 ( @entity13380 ), @entity21694 ( @entity21694 ), and @entity15580 ( @entity15580 ) has never been documented in @entity1 lens epithelial cells. The study described herein was designed to demonstrate both expression and functionality of components of the natriuretic peptides and natriuretic peptide receptors in the @entity1 lens epithelial cell line, HLE-B3 and in normal @entity1 lens epithelial cell cultures (nHLE). METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) along with confirmation by DNA sequencing and real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to identify and demonstrate expression of mRNA for the natriuretic peptide family. Authentication of protein expression of the natriuretic peptide receptors was determined by using @entity406 -fixed, @entity3857 -permeabilized cells (HLE-B3) or @entity1042 : @entity1324 -fixed and permeabilized cells (nHLE) using conventional immunofluorescence techniques. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine @entity8262 ( @entity6708 ) activity as stimulated by exogenous addition of natriuretic peptides. RESULTS: Using RT-PCR with confirmation by DNA sequencing and real-time quantitative RT-PCR, HLE-B3 cells were shown to express mRNA for ANP, @entity3876 , and @entity21695 along with their associated receptors. Conventional immunofluorescence on the permeabilized cells confirmed positive diffuse staining indicating the presence of the three natriuretic peptide receptors in both HLE-B3 and nHLE cells. All three natriuretic peptides educe a @entity6708 response in the rank order @entity21695 >ANP approximately @entity3876 indicating that the natriuretic peptide family is functional in HLE-B3 cells. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicates that ANP, @entity3876 , and @entity21695 and natriuretic peptide receptor transcripts are expressed and are functional in @entity1 lens epithelial cells. The cellular expression of NPs and NPRs, as well as the demonstration that all three NPs activate guanylyl cyclase suggests a potential role in maintaining lens epithelial cell homeostasis.

title: Characterization and functional expression of the natriuretic peptide system in XXXX lens epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity21695 :: ('4880', 'Gene') :: ['CNP', 'C-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity15580 :: ('4883', 'Gene') :: ['natriuretic peptide receptor C', 'NPR-C']

entities_list: @entity13380 :: ('4881', 'Gene') :: ['NPR-A', 'natriuretic peptide receptor A']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity21694 :: ('4882', 'Gene') :: ['natriuretic peptide receptor B', 'NPR-B']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This report is an account of three @entity1 with @entity1635 and @entity4262 involving the spine. The perioperative course of two @entity1 who underwent posterior spinal arthrodesis is described. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to show that extensive @entity82 of the spine and @entity1635 can be treated by standard methods of posterior spinal arthrodesis with good results. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1635 developed in three @entity1 , and two @entity1 underwent spinal arthrodesis. No report that discusses the results of this type of operation in this @entity1 population exists in the literature. METHODS: Three @entity1 with @entity4262 involving the spine and @entity1635 were located at our institution. Two of the @entity1 underwent posterior spinal arthodesis in situ; their perioperative courses are described. The course of the nonoperatively treated @entity1 is noted briefly. RESULTS: A stable posterior spinal arthrodesis was achieved in both @entity1 with no major complications. At the time of the last follow-up visit, both @entity1 had radiographic evidence of a solid fusion mass with no signs of @entity1516 or graft resorption. Both @entity1 currently are doing well. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1635 and its treatment has been unreported in @entity1 with this condition, and this report demonstrates that satisfactory results can be obtained with attention to detail.

title: XXXX and @entity82 of the spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['polyostotic fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis', 'scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['Scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ) appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic radiation-induced @entity82 in the intestine and several other organs. @entity1810 is secreted as a non-biologically active complex and its function depends on activation. In vitro data suggest that the @entity7788 /insulin-like growth factor-beta (M6P/IGF-II) receptor is involved in the mechanism of @entity1810 activation. Thus, we used a @entity35 model of radiation @entity7017 to examine the potential role of the M6P/IGF-II receptor in the in vivo regulation of @entity1810 activity and localization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A @entity547 containing a loop of small intestine was created in male @entity35 . The intestine in the scrotum was exposed to 0, 12, or 21 Gy single dose X-radiation. Groups of @entity35 were euthanized 1 day and 2, 6 and 26 weeks after irradiation. Histopathologic injury was assessed with a @entity1161 score (RIS). Computerized image analysis was used to identify M6P/IGF-II receptor-positive cells and to quantify extracellular matrix-associated @entity1810 immunoreactivity. Changes in @entity11693 ( @entity11693 ), tissue-like plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( @entity2630 ) immunoreactivity were also assessed. RESULTS: In normal (sham-irradiated) intestine, M6P/IGF-II immunoreactivity was confined to relatively weak, but specific epithelial staining. Irradiated intestine exhibited a highly significant time- and dose-dependent increase in the number of M6P/IGF-II receptor-positive cells (P < 0.001). There was a striking spatial shift of M6P/IGF-II receptor immunoreactivity from epithelium during the early post-radiation phase to stromal cells, most notably fibroblasts during the later stages of injury. Irradiated intestine exhibited distinct co-localization of M6P/ IGF-II receptor-positive cells and extracellular matrix-associated @entity1810 in areas of histopathologic injury. There were highly significant associations between the number of M6P/IGF-II receptor-positive stromal cells and @entity1810 immunoreactivity (P < 0.001), radiation-induced @entity82 (P < 0.001) and RIS (P < 0.001). Endothelial tPA immunoreactivity decreased significantly after irradiation (P < 0.001), whereas @entity11693 and @entity2630 immunoreactivity levels appeared to be unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: M6P/IGF-II receptor upregulation may be a key factor in the in vivo control of @entity1810 activity and responsible for the tissue specificity of @entity1810 action after irradiation.

title: Upregulation and spatial shift in the localization of the @entity7788 /insulin-like growth factor II receptor during radiation @entity7017 development in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity7788 :: ('MESH:C027693', 'Chemical') :: ['mannose 6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal hernia']

entities_list: @entity11693 :: ('25619(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Whole cell patch-clamp techniques were applied to cultured smooth muscle cells isolated from the longitudinal layer of the late pregnant @entity35 myometrium. Effects of @entity172 on Ca channels were examined. Inhibitory effects of @entity10769 (1 microM) on Ca channel currents were recognized. The inhibitory effects of @entity10769 depended on holding potentials. @entity10769 shifted the steady-state inactivation curve in the negative direction by 7 mV at mid potential (n = 9). @entity4742 , a synthetic @entity172 , gave similar effects on Ca channel currents at lower concentration (2 microM) to those of @entity10769 . Strong inhibitory effects on Ca channel currents were obtained by higher concentration (20 microM). @entity4742 shifted the steady-state inactivation curve in the negative direction by 7 mV at mid potential (n = 5). The results indicate that @entity172 influence the voltage dependency and the whole cell conductance of Ca channels of pregnant @entity35 myometrial cells. The acute effect of @entity172 may cause both electrical and mechanical @entity308 of myometrium.

title: Effects of XXXX on Ca channels in myometrial cells isolated from pregnant @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['Diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-Estradiol', 'beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogens']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic, clinical, and treatment factors that may impact on neurological adverse effects in naive and quasi-naive @entity1 and adolescents treated with antipsychotics. METHODS: This was a 1-year, multicenter, observational study of a naive and quasi-naive pediatric population receiving antipsychotic treatment. Two subanalyses were run using the subsample of subjects taking the 3 most used antipsychotics and the subsample of antipsychotic-naive subjects. Total @entity910 score ( @entity910 ) and total @entity304 ( @entity304 ) were calculated from the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center Involuntary Movement Scale, total UKU-Cognition score was calculated from the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale. Risk factors for @entity910 ( @entity910 ) defined after Schooler-Kaine criteria were studied using a logistic regression. RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-five subjects (mean age, 14.4 [SD, 2.9]   years) with different Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition @entity74 were recruited. @entity910 (P < 0.001) and @entity304 (P < 0.001) increased at 1-year follow-up. @entity1090 was associated with higher increases in @entity910 compared with @entity1089 (P < 0.001). Higher increases in @entity304 were found with @entity1090 (P < 0.001) and @entity1037 (P = 0.02) compared with @entity1089 . Total UKU-Cognition Score decreased at follow-up. Findings were also significant when analyzing antipsychotic-naive subjects. Fifteen subjects (5.8%) fulfilled Schooler-Kane criteria for @entity8527 at follow-up. Younger age, history of @entity716 , and higher cumulative exposure time were associated with @entity8527 at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Antipsychotics increased neurological adverse effects in a naive and quasi-naive pediatric population and should be carefully monitored. @entity1090 presented higher scores in symptoms of @entity910 and @entity304 . @entity1089 was the antipsychotic with less neurological adverse effects. Younger subjects, @entity716 , and treatment factors predicted an increased risk of @entity8527 .

title: Neurological Adverse Effects of Antipsychotics in XXXX and Adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson score', 'parkinsonism', 'ParkinsonS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['tardive dyskinesias', 'dyskinesia', 'TDs', 'DyskinesiaS']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Axis I disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine', 'Quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2876 , a common indication for liver transplantation, can be associated with situs inversus. Our experience with liver transplantation in @entity1 (n = 6) was reviewed retrospectively. @entity1 AND METHODS: Preoperative duplex sonography, computerized tomography, and visceral angiography were obtained. @entity455 identified included @entity6315 (6/6), interrupted @entity6323 (5/6), and aberrant hepatic artery (4/6). RESULTS: The liver graft was placed in a midline position. Venous continuity was achieved by donor suprahepatic @entity6323 to recipient hepatic cloaca and direct end-to-end portal @entity254 . The donor infrahepatic @entity6323 was oversewn. Arterial continuity was restored using either a direct branch-patch @entity254 (3/6) or a supraceliac aortic interposition graft (3/6). In retrospect, preoperative diagnostic work-up was noncontributory and outcome was not complicated by pre-existing situs inversus. CONCLUSION: Situs inversus in liver recipients requires operative technical modifications, but does not change outcome. Furthermore, extensive preoperative work-up should be avoided.

title: Evaluation, operative management, and outcome after liver transplantation in @entity1 with XXXX and situs inversus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['preduodenal portal vein']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: The change of both prostatic volume and bone @entity3 was observed from the period of castration to death in 23 cases of @entity263 . As for the change of prostatic volume, they were classified into two groups. One group was called "local progressive type". In this group, prostatic volume reduced exponentially after the treatment of castration, then increased exponentially after a transient period. Another group was called "metastatic progressive type". In this group, prostatic volume did not change after the treatment of castration although the degree of bone @entity3 advanced severely. The regression speed after castration (tau) was faster in local progressive type than in metastatic progressive type. This tau had a close relationship to the prognosis of each case. In local progressive type, doubling time (DT) during relapsed period was calculated in 13 cases. An inverse correlation was found between tau and DT. This correlation might be able to lead the conclusion that the ratio between residual @entity342 sensitive cancerous tissue and residual @entity342 insensitive cancerous tissue related to the local progression in relapsed @entity263 .

title: [Kinetic study of local relapse in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: @entity21014 is a third-generation @entity460 channel antagonist of the @entity7236 group. Like nicardipine, its primary physiologic effect is vasodilation, primarily of the arterial system with limited effects on capacitance vessels. Unlike other direct-acting vasodilators, it has an ultrashort half-life due to its metabolism by nonspecific blood and tissue esterases. To date, the majority of clinical experience with @entity21014 has been in the adult cardiac surgery population, with no reports regarding its use in the pediatric population. We retrospectively reviewed our preliminary experience with the use of this novel agent in a cohort of 10 pediatric-aged @entity1 ranging in age from 9 to 18 years. The indications for the use of @entity21014 included control of perioperative @entity101 in 4 @entity1 , to provide controlled @entity551 during orthopedic surgical procedures in 5 @entity1 , and to improve distal perfusion during a toe-to-finger implant in 1 @entity1 . One @entity1 who presented to the operating room with @entity101 received @entity21014 preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively; 7 other @entity1 received @entity21014 only intraoperatively while the other 2 @entity1 received @entity21014 intraoperatively and postoperatively. The @entity21014 infusion was started at 0.5 to 1  g/kg per minute and titrated up to 3.5  g/kg per minute as needed. No excessive @entity551 was noted; however, intermittent doses of @entity1406 were required to control reflex @entity591 in 2 of the 10 @entity1 and an elevated @entity412 level was noted in 1 @entity1 . Our preliminary experience demonstrates the efficacy of @entity21014 for blood pressure control during the perioperative period.

title: Preliminary experience with XXXX in the pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity21014 :: ('MESH:C118563', 'Chemical') :: ['Clevidipine', 'clevidipine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity21014 :: (MESH:C118563,Chemical) :: ['clevidipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The experience of a single-institution regarding surgery for @entity151 ( @entity151 ) was reviewed to evaluate the surgical outcomes and prognoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 1990 to December 2009, thirty-four @entity1 (28 male) underwent major pulmonary resection and lymph node dissection for @entity151 . Lobectomy was performed in 24 @entity1 , pneumonectomy in eight, bilobectomy in one, and segmentectomy in one. Surgical complications, mortality, the disease-free survival (DFS) rate, and the overall survival rate were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 26 months (range, 4 to 241 months), and there was one surgical mortality (2.9%). Six @entity1 (17.6%) experienced recurrence, all of which were systemic. Eight @entity1 died during follow-up; four died of disease progression and the other four died of @entity55 or of another non-cancerous cause. The three-year DFS rate was 79.2  2.6% and the overall survival rate was 66.4  10.5%. Recurrence or @entity204 was significantly prevalent in the @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 (p=0.001) as well as in those who did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.008). The three-year survival rate was significantly greater in the @entity1 with pathologic stage I/II @entity5 than in those with @entity5 (84% vs. 13%, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Major pulmonary resection for @entity151 is feasible in selected @entity1 . @entity1 with pathologic stage I or II disease showed an excellent survival rate after surgery and adjuvant treatment. Prospective randomized studies will be needed to define the role of surgery in early-stage @entity151 .

title: Surgical outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The nature of changes in brain activation related to good recovery of arm function after @entity64 is still unclear. While the notion that this is a reflection of neuronal plasticity has gained much support, confounding by compensatory strategies cannot be ruled out. We address this issue by comparing brain activity in recovered @entity1 6 months after @entity64 with healthy controls. METHODS: We included 20 @entity1 with @entity3140 due to @entity385 and 15 controls. We measured brain activation during a finger flexion-extension task with functional MRI, and the relationship between brain activation and hand function. @entity1 exhibited various levels of recovery, but all were able to perform the task. RESULTS: Comparison between @entity1 and controls with voxel-wise whole-brain analysis failed to reveal significant differences in brain activation. Equally, a region of interest analysis constrained to the motor network to optimize statistical power, failed to yield any differences. Finally, no significant relationship between brain activation and hand function was found in @entity1 . @entity1 and controls performed scanner task equally well. CONCLUSION: Brain activation and behavioral performance during finger flexion-extensions in (moderately) well recovered @entity1 seems normal. The absence of significant differences in brain activity even in @entity1 with a residual impairment may suggest that @entity1188 do not necessarily induce reorganization of motor function. While brain activity could be abnormal with higher task demands, this may also introduce performance confounds. It is thus still uncertain to what extent capacity for true neuronal repair after @entity64 exists.

title: Brain Function and Upper Limb Outcome in XXXX : A Cross-Sectional fMRI Study.

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb paresis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tight glycemic control (TGC) in critical care has shown distinct benefits but has also been proven difficult to obtain. The risk of severe @entity4053 (<40 mg/dl) has been increased significantly in several, but not all, studies, raising significant concerns for safety. Continuous @entity413 monitors (CGMs) offer frequent measurement and thus the possibility of using them for early detection alarms to prevent @entity4053 . METHODS: This study used retrospective clinical data from the Specialized Relative Insulin Nutrition Titration TGC study covering seven @entity1 who experienced severe hypoglycemic events. Clinically validated metabolic system models were used to recreate a continuous blood @entity413 profile. In silico analysis was enabled by using a conservative single Gaussian noise model based on reported CGM clinical data from a critical care study [mean absolute percent error (MAPE) 17.4%]. A novel median filter was implemented and further smoothed with a least mean squares-fitted polynomial to reduce sensor noise. Two alarm approaches were compared. An integral-based method is presented that examined the area between a preset threshold and filtered simulated CGM data. An alarm was raised when this value became too low. A simple glycemic threshold method was also used for comparison. To account for random noise skewing the results, each @entity1 record was Monte Carlo simulated 100 times with a different random noise profile for a total of 700 runs. Different alarm thresholds were analyzed parametrically. Results are reported in terms of detection time before the clinically measured event and any false alarms. These retrospective clinical data were used with approval from the New Zealand South Island Regional Ethics Committee. RESULTS: The median filter reduced MAPE from 17.4% [standard deviation (SD) 13%] to 9.3% (SD 7%) over the cohort. For the integral-based alarm, median per- @entity1 detection times ranged, t, from -35 minutes (before event) to -170 minutes, with zero to two false alarms per @entity1 over the cohort and different alarm parameters. For a simple glycemic threshold alarm (three consecutive values below threshold), median per- @entity1 alarm times were -10 to -75 minutes and false alarms were zero to seven; however, in one case, five of seven subjects never alarmed at all, despite the hypoglycemic event. CONCLUSIONS: A retrospective study used clinical hypoglycemic events from a TGC study to develop and analyze an integral-based @entity4053 alarm for use in critical care TGC studies. The integral-based approach was accurate, provided significant lead time before a hypoglycemic event, alarmed at higher glycemic levels, was robust to sensor noise, and had minimal false alarms. The approach is readily generalizable to similar scenarios, and results would justify a pilot clinical trial to verify this study.

title: @entity4053 detection in critical care using continuous XXXX monitors: an in silico proof of concept analysis.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Transrectal prostate ultrasound and systematic sextant biopsies have improved peripheral zone @entity5 diagnosis but they may miss many @entity5 arising in the transition zone. Biopsies directed into the transition zone have been used to detect residual @entity263 in @entity1 diagnosed by transurethral resection and they have been suggested as potentially useful additions to systematic sextant biopsies. To define the indications for transition zone biopsies 187 @entity1 underwent evaluation including systematic sextant biopsies and transition zone biopsies. These @entity1 were classified into 4 categories based on clinical presentation. Category 1 included 26 @entity1 with palpable nodularity and an elevated @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ), of whom 16 (61.5%) had positive biopsies but none was positive only in the transition zone biopsies. Category 2 consisted of 49 @entity1 with sonographic abnormalities in the transition zone, of whom 15 (30.6%) had positive biopsies, including 2 (13.3%) with only positive transition zone biopsies. Category 3 consisted of 65 @entity1 with normal rectal examination and elevated @entity1486 level, of whom 24 (36.9%) had biopsies positive for @entity5 , including 8 (33.3%) with only positive transition zone biopsies. Category 4 consisted of 47 @entity1 with a clinical presentation highly suspicious of @entity1069 but no @entity5 on prior systematic sextant biopsies, of whom 17 (37.7%) had positive biopsies, including 9 (53.0%) with only positive transition zone biopsies. We conclude that transition zone biopsies are useful in @entity1 with a high suspicion of @entity263 and negative prior systematic sextant biopsies. @entity5 can also be demonstrated in many @entity1 with a normal digital rectal examination and an elevated @entity1486 level. @entity1 with transition zone abnormalities on ultrasound images or palpable nodularity do not have substantially increased @entity5 detection with the addition of transition zone biopsies.

title: Indications for ultrasound guided transition zone biopsies in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']