abstract: The pathogenesis of traumatic @entity4 is unclear. @entity2657 (increased water content) is considered an important cause of swelling, but there is also evidence that vasodilatation with increased cerebral blood volume (CBV) plays a role. We have evaluated early posttraumatic changes in CBV in 37 head-injured @entity1 , using dynamic contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) in combination with stable Xenon-enhanced CT for measurement of @entity450 ( @entity450 ). This technique enables rapid determination of CBV without interfering with @entity1 care. CBV values ranged from 2.0 to 10.1 ml/100 g. There was no relationship the time after injury at which the measurements were taken. CBV did not correlate with @entity450 in the early posttraumatic period. @entity1 with raised @entity428 (> 20 mm Hg) had significantly higher CBV that @entity1 with normal @entity428 (5.4 +/- 2.1 vs 3.7 +/- 0.9 ml/100 g). Yet, the presence of signs of @entity4 on CT had no relation to the level of CBV. These data suggest that increased CBV may contribute to raised @entity428 , but that @entity4 is not caused by increased CBV alone, and is more likely accounted for by @entity2657 . We speculate that cerebral energy failure is the unifying cause of both intracellular @entity4 and @entity1779 leading to swelling of brain tissue.

title: Pathogenesis of traumatic XXXX : role of cerebral blood volume.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['Brain edema', 'brain edema']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral blood flow', 'CBF']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasodilation']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['brain swelling']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate postchemoradiotherapy surgery in stage IIIB @entity1149 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 with stage IIIB @entity1149 were included in this phase II study. A preoperative @entity5 was based on mediastinoscopy or a thoracotomy in all @entity1 . Induction treatment included two cycles of @entity900 (100 mg/m(2), day 1), @entity1487 (1 g/m(2), days 1-3), and @entity5713 (4 mg/m(2), day 1) combined with 42 Gy of hyperfractionated radiotherapy delivering 21 Gy in two sessions. @entity1 with a clinical response were offered surgery. RESULTS: The minimum follow-up for survivors was 48 months. Thirty @entity1 had a T4 lesion and 18 had N3 disease. Twenty-nine @entity1 (73%) had a clinical objective @entity5 response after induction treatment. These 29 @entity1 underwent thoracotomy, and a complete resection was performed in 23 (58%). Two postoperative deaths occurred (7%). Four @entity1 had a pathologic complete response at the time of surgery (10%). The 5-year survival is 19% for the overall population. When only @entity1 who had persistent viable @entity5 cells at surgery are considered (n = 25), the 5-year survival is 28%. The 5-year survival is 42% for @entity1 having no mediastinal lymph node involvement at the time of surgery and being treated with complete resection. CONCLUSION: This study shows that surgery, when feasible, is associated with a 28% long-term survival for @entity1 in whom chemoradiotherapy alone fails to control disease.

title: Benefit of surgery after chemoradiotherapy in stage IIIB (T4 and/or N3) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'diagnosis of stage IIIB cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genetic variability could contribute to the response to pharmacological treatment in @entity1 with @entity8 . In albuminuric @entity6 @entity1 the renoprotective effect of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibition should be lower among homozygotes for the deletion allele (DD) compared to II-homozygotes. METHODS: A total of 71 non- @entity6 chronic @entity8 @entity1 were treated with @entity9886 (n = 37) or @entity3591 (n = 34). Blood pressure and @entity644 were determined before and after the treatment, and changes in the mean values were statistically compared. @entity1 were genotyped for the @entity1289 -I/D, @entity7743 ( @entity7743 ) @entity51076 , and @entity2178 ( @entity2178 )- @entity7742 polymorphims, and the reduction of blood pressure and @entity644 between the different genotypes were compared. RESULTS: The reduction in systolic or diastolic blood pressure was not found to be different between the @entity1289 -I/D or @entity2178 -M/T genotypes in @entity1 treated with @entity9886 or @entity3591 . In @entity1 treated with @entity9886 , we found a significantly higher @entity551 in @entity7743 -AA @entity1 compared to AC @entity1 (p = 0,0024). We did not find differences in @entity644 -reduction between the different genotypes in @entity1 treated with @entity9886 or @entity3591 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the effects of @entity9886 and @entity3591 on the absolute mean reduction of blood pressure and @entity644 in non- @entity2316 @entity1 are similar between the different @entity1289 or @entity2178 genotypes. Although based on a small number of @entity1 , the @entity7743 -AA genotype was associated with a significantly higher reduction in diastolic blood pressure among @entity9886 -treated @entity1 . Additional studies are necessary to refute or confirm this association.

title: [Pharmacogenetics of angiotensin system in non XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin I-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['AGT', 'angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['AGTR1', 'angiotensin I receptor type 1']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We describe natural variants of the heat stable toxin (STa) produced by enterotoxigenic @entity526 (ETEC) isolates collected worldwide. Previous studies of ETEC isolated from @entity1 diarrheal cases have reported the existence of three natural STa gene variants estA1, estA2 and estA3/4 where the first variant encodes @entity4913 (porcine, @entity291 , and @entity1 origin) and the two latter ones encode @entity24873 ( @entity1 origin). We identified STa sequences by BLASTn and profiled @entity4913 @entity3689 polymorphisms in a collection of 118 clinical ETEC isolates from @entity1 and adults from Asia, Africa and, Latin America that were characterized by whole genome sequencing. Three novel variants of @entity4913 and @entity24873 were found and designated STa5 and STa6, and STa7, respectively. Presence of @entity413 significantly decreased the production of @entity24873 and @entity4913 toxin variants (p<0.05) as well as downregulated the gene expression ( @entity24873 : p<0.001, @entity4913 : p<0.05). We found that the ETEC isolates producing the most common @entity4913 variant, STa5, co-expressed coli surface antigen CS6 and was significantly associated with disease in adults in this data set (p<0.001). Expression of mature STa5 peptide as well as gene expression of tolC, involved in @entity4913 secretion, increased in response to bile (p<0.05). ETEC expressing the common @entity24873 variant @entity32937 /4 was associated with disease in @entity1 (p<0.05). The crp gene, that positively regulate estA3/4 encoding @entity48477 , and estA3/4 itself had decreased transcriptional levels in presence of bile. Since bile levels in the intestine are lower in @entity1 than adults, these results may suggest differences in pathogenicity of ETEC in @entity1 and adult populations.

title: Identification of new heat-stable (STa) enterotoxin allele variants produced by @entity1 enterotoxigenic XXXX (ETEC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: PURPOSE: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether an association exists between the @entity11833 @entity49620 ( @entity6344 ) polymorphism and @entity1 response to @entity902 -based chemotherapy and radiation-based chemotherapy. METHODS: Publications were selected from PubMed and MEDLINE. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association between genetic polymorphisms and response to @entity902 -based chemotherapy and radiation-based chemotherapy by checking the odds ratios (ORs) and 95  % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: In our overall analysis, the @entity11833 @entity49620 ( @entity6344 ) polymorphism was not associated with response to @entity902 -based chemotherapy in five comparison models. In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, the @entity11833 @entity49620 ( @entity6344 ) polymorphism was shown to be significantly associated with objective response in Caucasian @entity1 treated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy in the recessive model (TT vs. CT/CC: OR 0.696, 95  % CI 0.508-0.954, heterogeneity  =  0.330), but the association was not observed in the Asian population. The C allele was significantly associated with better response to radiochemotherapy in the recessive model comparison (TT vs. CC/CT: OR 0.724, 95  % CI 0.585-0.869, heterogeneity  =  0.008). Subgroup analysis by cancer type revealed that the C allele of @entity11833 @entity49620 predicted a better response in @entity418 in two comparison models (T vs. C: OR 0.756, 95  % CI 0.648-0.880, heterogeneity  =  0.653; TT vs. TC/CC: OR 0.457, 95  % CI 0.306-0.684, heterogeneity  =  0.723). Stratified analysis by ethnicity showed a better response in Caucasians in allelic comparison model (T vs. C: OR 0.895, 95  % CI 0.819-0.977, heterogeneity  =  0.095). CONCLUSION: Together, our results suggest that the @entity11833 @entity49620 ( @entity6344 ) polymorphism was associated with therapeutic response in Caucasian @entity1 and C allele of @entity11833 @entity49620 could represent a genetic molecular marker to predict better @entity1 response to radiochemotherapy in recessive model. However, larger prospective randomized trials will be required.

title: A meta-analysis identifies @entity11833 gene polymorphism as a predictor of better XXXX response to treatment with radiochemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C>T']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancers']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1260 in combination with @entity900 and @entity5713 in non-operable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: A total of 136 @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity1149 were randomized to either PV ( @entity900 , 120 mg/m2, and @entity5713 , 6 mg/m2) or @entity3549 (PV with the addition of @entity1260 , 3 g/m2) every 3 weeks. RESULTS: @entity1 receiving @entity3549 had a higher response rate (31% vs. 10%), but the performance status (PS) was significantly worse in those receiving PV. No difference in survival can be demonstrated between the two treatment groups. The median survival was 8.4 months. In both groups, @entity1 with @entity5 , good PS and no visceral involvement had better survivals. @entity1209 and @entity1665 were more pronounced in the @entity3549 group, although both chemotherapies were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity1260 improved the response rate, but a survival advantage cannot be proven. The prognostic value of stage, PS and metastatic site is confirmed in this trial; further studies are required to select subgroups of @entity1 who may have a survival benefit with combination chemotherapy. The response rate elicited by @entity3549 makes it a candidate for neoadjuvant treatment.

title: A comparative study of @entity900 and @entity5713 versus XXXX , @entity900 and @entity5713 in non-operable @entity1149 . A study of the Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group for Lung Cancer Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association @entity5 and @entity49 is almost always an independent criterion of poor prognosis of @entity5 . Thus, venous @entity1031 is with infection and organ failure, one of the leading causes of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity5 . AIM: To identify the characteristics of the association between @entity5 and @entity49 in any @entity1 with @entity1150 of lower limbs seemingly unexplained. METHODS: This is a retrospective study from January 1994 to December 2008, concerning 17 cases of @entity1 with @entity1150 of lower limbs associated with @entity5 , hospitalized in internal medicine department at Habib Thameur hospital between a total of 290 @entity1 with @entity1150 of lower limbs. Only @entity1 hospitalized for @entity1150 of lower limbs complicated or not by a @entity1151 were included. RESULTS: Our study concerned 17 @entity1 . There were 10 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 with a sex ratio (Female / Male) at 1, 42. The average age was 68.7 years, with extreme ages ranging from 40 to 90 years. @entity5 has formed 6% of the causes of @entity1150 of lower limbs. Eight of our @entity1 were known to suffer from a @entity5 . Six cases of @entity5 were discovered at an advanced stage of evolution with multiple @entity3 . In seven cases the etiological could not be achieved. @entity1150 was complicated by @entity1151 in four inaugural events, five @entity1 had recurrent @entity715 , and two cases of @entity548 complications were noted. CONCLUSION: @entity1211 is common in @entity5 @entity1 . It can be the first manifestation of @entity5 completely silent. The course and prognosis depend on the stage of @entity5 combined.

title: [ @entity715 and XXXX : retrospective study of 17 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'cancerous disease', 'Cancer', 'malignant disease', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'deep vein thrombosis', 'Deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant @entity1 @entity5 @entity39 factor-binding protein-1 (r- @entity10736 , Onercept) were investigated after intravascular and extravascular injection, in three studies in healthy volunteers. Subjects received Onercept as single intravenous doses of 5, 15, 50 and 150 mg, or single IV, IM, SC injection of 50 mg, or six repeated SC injections of 50 mg. Based on vital signs, hematology and blood chemistry, antibodies to study drug and local tolerability, r- @entity10736 exhibited a remarkably safe profile. There was no evidence of alteration of hepatic oxidative metabolism. Recombinant- @entity10736 showed linear pharmacokinetics that could be described by a triexponential model, and exhibited an initial half-life of 30 min, an intermediate half-life of 4 hours and a terminal elimination half-life of about 15 hours, although it was prolonged to 21 hours after repeated SC injections. The total clearance was estimated at 4 l/h. The initial (Vc) and steady state (Vss) volumes of distribution were approximately 4 l and 10 l, respectively. Renal clearance was minimal, representing around 2.5% of the total clearance, and remained constant after increasing doses of r- @entity10736 . The absorption was slow and biphasic. The immunoactivity of r- @entity10736 was closely related to its biological activity, although the assessment was limited to only some of the samples. As anticipated in normal healthy volunteers, the pharmacodynamic response was generally not different from placebo. Total @entity310 serum levels increased slightly, 1 hour following IV administration of 50 mg and 150 mg r- @entity10736 . However, no major increase in the active entity levels (free @entity310 ) was observed. In addition, no @entity310 -driven biological response was observed, i.e. @entity1851 , @entity650 and fibrinogen remained almost constant, as did @entity69 and albumin. Its safety profile and pharmacokinetic characteristics make Onercept a candidate drug suitable for antagonising pathologically high levels of @entity310 as reported in inflammatory, immune and @entity65 .

title: Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant XXXX @entity5 @entity39 factor-binding protein-1 (Onercept) injected by intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes into healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Cytoplasmic polyadenylation of specific mRNAs commonly is correlated with their translational activation during development. Here, we focus on links between cytoplasmic polyadenylation, translational activation and the control of meiotic maturation in @entity1238 oocytes. We manipulate endogenous @entity7557 mRNA, which encodes a protein kinase that regulates meiotic maturation. We determined that translational activation of endogenous @entity7557 mRNA requires a long poly(A) tail per se, rather than the process of polyadenylation. For this, we injected 'prosthetic' poly(A)_synthetic poly(A) tails designed to attach by base pairing to endogenous @entity7557 mRNA that has had its own polyadenylation signals removed. This prosthetic poly(A) tail activates @entity7557 translation and restores meiotic maturation in response to @entity1420 . Thus the role of polyadenylation in activating @entity7557 mRNA differs from its role in activating certain other mRNAs, for which the act of polyadenylation is required. In the absence of @entity1420 , prosthetic poly(A) does not stimulate @entity7557 expression, implying that @entity1420 acts at additional steps to elevate @entity7557 protein. By using a general inhibitor of polyadenylation together with prosthetic poly(A), we demonstrate that these additional steps include polyadenylation of at least one other mRNA, in addition to that of @entity7557 mRNA. These other mRNAs, encoding regulators of meiotic maturation, act upstream of @entity7557 in the meiotic maturation pathway.

title: Meiotic maturation in XXXX requires polyadenylation of multiple mRNAs.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10334 ( @entity10334 ) is a common finding in @entity1 with @entity6249 and currently its pathogenesis is attributed to @entity63 mechanisms. It associates to a vascular @entity75 (VSFS) for which an effective treatment does not exist. CLINICAL CASES: We present four subjects from a prospective @entity1 -blind controlled pilot trial to study efficacy and safety of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBO) vs hyperbaric air in VSFS with @entity10334 . All of them had frontal or extended @entity10334 on computed tomography scan and lacunes in basal ganglia and centrum ovale, with moderate to severe @entity426 , @entity1973 , @entity73 , and @entity734 in the daily living activities. Deficits had begun two to ten years before and had remained stable three months previous to the treatment. @entity1 were assessed with validated scales and tests one week before and after being administrated ten daily sessions of HBO at 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 45 minutes with a multiplace chamber. Serious adverse effects did not occur. After treatment a noticeable gait, urinary and cognitive improvement was observed in all subjects, increasing their independence. They remained clinically improved during four to five months, after which the previous deficits reappeared. Then, three @entity1 received ten daily sessions of air at 1.1 atmospheres absolute for 45 minutes (controls) and the other a new HBO regimen, which improved as the first time. From the controls, there were no changes in two, while the other did only improve cognitively. CONCLUSION: These @entity1 show that HBO is effective and safety in reversing, at least partially, although at great length, chronic @entity51 associated to vascular frontal @entity10334 , highlighting that a functional reserve therapeutically useful exists.

title: [Hyperbaric oxygenation in XXXX due to small artery disorders with @entity10334 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical small-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic-hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical frontal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['urinary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['LA', 'Frontal leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['gait disorders']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['subcortical frontal syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are few data on the molecular epidemiology of @entity1328 in China. Here we investigated the species distribution, molecular types and antifungal susceptibilities of 312 @entity1327 species complex isolates from ten hospitals over 5  years. Isolates were identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and by two matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) systems. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to verify species/variety and to designate molecular types. Susceptibility to six antifungal drugs was determined by the Sensititre YeastOne    method. @entity1327 was the predominant species (305/312 isolates (97.8%), all were ITS type 1, serotype A), of which 89.2% (272/305) were @entity11937 MLST sequence type (ST) 5 and 6.2% (19/305) were ST31. Other @entity11937 STs were rare but included six novel STs. Only two strains were @entity1327 . neoformans (both serotype @entity195 ). @entity14851 was uncommon (n  =  7, four ITS types) and comprised five MLST STs including one novel ST. For @entity11937 , the proportion of isolates with non-wild-type MICs to @entity2380 significantly rose in the fourth study year (from 0% (0/56 isolates) in the first year to 23.9% (17/71) in the fourth year), including five isolates with @entity2380 MICs of >= 32  mg/L. The study has provided useful data on the species epidemiology and their genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility. The proportional increase in isolates with non-wild-type MICs to @entity2380 is noted.

title: Predominance of XXXX multilocus sequence type 5 and emergence of isolates with non-wild-type minimum inhibitory concentrations to @entity2380 : a multi-centre study in China.

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['C.  neoformans var', 'Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity11937 :: ('178876', 'Species') :: ['C.  neoformans var. grubii']

entities_list: @entity14851 :: ('552467', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus gattii']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

answer: @entity11937 :: (178876,Species) :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii']


abstract: 1. We examined the steady-state summation of postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in small, electrotonically compact neurones with short dendrites, using a one-compartment electrical equivalent model of the passive membrane with conductances to represent chemical synapses and electrotonic junctional connections to neighbouring neurones. 2. Our model shows that @entity7463 summation is non-linear and for small depolarizations is mainly determined by the increase in total neurone conductance due to the opening of synaptic channels. At bigger depolarizations the change in synaptic driving force becomes an equally important cause of non-linearity. 3. Non-linear summation of @entity140 -mediated PSPs was measured experimentally when two monosynaptic pathways to motoneurones were stimulated. The conductances underlying these PSPs were calculated relative to the resting neurone conductance using our model. These conductance ratios were hardly affected by the size of electrotonic coupling conductances. The non-linearity in @entity7463 summation could be predicted by the model provided that the depolarizations remained negative to potentials at which voltage-dependent channels open. 4. The model was used to estimate the relative contributions of glutamatergic, cholinergic and electrotonic excitation to EPSPs measured in @entity1238 tadpole spinal motoneurones during swimming. Estimates of synaptic conductances and electrotonic coupling to other motoneurones suggest that ligand-gated conductance mediated by @entity2227 may be twice that due to @entity934 . 5. We conclude that in small electrotonically compact motoneurones of the @entity1238 tadpole, our simple model can predict the non-linearity in @entity7463 summation and may allow the conductances of different synaptic inputs to be compared. Furthermore, excitatory synaptic conductances can increase the resting neurone conductance significantly and limit depolarization. Our general model may also be applicable to other small neurones.

title: Non-linear summation of excitatory synaptic inputs to small neurones: a case study in spinal motoneurones of the young XXXX tadpole.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the merits of arthrography after supination @entity130 of the ankle. DESIGN AND @entity1 : In a group of 160 consecutive @entity1 operative exploration was performed in cases where arthrography and/or a delayed physical examination showed positive findings. In all @entity1 arthrography was performed within 48 h after @entity130 . To determine interobserver agreement, all arthrograms were independently evaluated by two radiologists, both ignorant of the first assessment. RESULTS: The prevalence of an ankle ligament lesion was found to be 76%. Of the 122 @entity1 with a @entity397 of one or more ankle ligaments, 52% had an isolated anterior talofibular ligament lesion, 3% had an isolated calcaneofibular ligament lesion, and 45% had combined lesions. The site of the lesion was predominantly intraligamentous. In the determination of the presence or absence of an ankle ligament lesion, the specificity and sensitivity of the ankle arthrogram were 71% and 96% respectively. Interobserver agreement on the arthrogram was very good (kappa 0.9). In 1% of @entity1 a clear diagnosis was not possible by means of arthrography. CONCLUSION: Arthrography provides information of high diagnostic quality with excellent interobserver agreement and therefore remains the gold standard for early diagnosis (within 48 h) of a lateral ankle ligament @entity397 .

title: Value of arthrography after supination XXXX of the ankle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanisms, predictors and outcome of @entity1 with failed direct coronary angioplasty of the @entity1188 with those in @entity1 with successful direct angioplasty. BACKGROUND: Direct coronary angioplasty of the @entity1188 , without antecedent thrombolytic therapy, is an effective treatment for @entity1 with @entity583 . Concern has been expressed over high mortality rates in @entity1 with failed direct @entity1188 angioplasty. METHODS: All @entity1 treated by angioplasty were prospectively entered into a computer data base. The characteristics and outcome of all @entity1 with failed direct angioplasty were reviewed and compared with those of @entity1 with successful direct angioplasty. RESULTS: Direct angioplasty was successful in 705 (94%) of 750 @entity1 and unsuccessful in 45 (6%). @entity1 in the failure group were more likely to be in @entity1455 (22% vs. 7%, p < 0.003), to have had a previous @entity583 (44% vs. 28%, p < 0.03) and to have three-vessel @entity453 (44% vs. 23%, p < 0.003). Age, gender, ejection fraction, previous bypass surgery and @entity6 were similar in both groups. Only the presence of multivessel @entity453 (p < 0.004) and @entity1455 (p < 0.025) were independent predictors of failed direct angioplasty. In-hospital @entity204 (31% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.001) and the need for emergency coronary artery bypass surgery (27% vs. 0.5%, p < 0.0001) were more frequent in @entity1 with unsuccessful than in @entity1 with successful direct angioplasty. @entity1 with failed direct angioplasty and in-hospital @entity204 usually had multiple high risk characteristics, including @entity1455 (50%), previous @entity583 (43%) and multivessel @entity453 (93%). CONCLUSIONS: Direct coronary angioplasty is an effective method for establishing reperfusion in @entity583 . Procedural failure is infrequent, usually occurring in @entity1 with high risk baseline characteristics.

title: Failed direct coronary angioplasty for @entity583 : in-hospital outcome and predictors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is a rare malignant @entity5 of the jaw. These @entity5 are believed to arise from the odontogenic epithelium and hence are also referred to as @entity189 . A detailed search was made for squamous cell @entity189 of the jaw in English literature using Medline @entity5 . The data obtained were transferred onto dBase software. Two detailed case reports of @entity1 treated at @entity5 Centre, Trivandrum during 1996 and 1997 were also included. A pooled analysis was carried out. Survival analysis was carried out using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank statistics were used for comparing survival. A total of 35 cases were analysed, of which 33 were from published literature. The mean age of the @entity1 at the time of diagnosis was 52.3 years with male to female ratio being 2.5:1. Posterior mandible was the predominant site. The median follow-up time was 28 months. Overall survival at 5 years was 37.8% (95% CI; 14.8-61.0) while the corresponding disease free survival was 29.8% (95% CI; 9.2-54.1). @entity189 is a rare @entity5 of jawbones, characterized by progressive swelling of the jaw, @entity158 and loosening of tooth. The @entity5 is locally aggressive and metastasizes to regional nodes. The overall and disease free survival is poor with almost 50% @entity1 failing loco-regionally within the first 2 years of follow-up.

title: XXXX of the jaw: pooled analysis of world literature and report of two new cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Regional Cancer', 'Cancer CD', 'tumours', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['PIOC', 'Primary intraosseous carcinoma', 'odontogenic carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Primary intraosseous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: No studies with real long-term follow-up after endoscopic drainage of @entity9007 are available. The present study was undertaken to investigate the long-term outcome of endoscopic management of @entity9007 with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 38 consecutive @entity1 with @entity9007 underwent endoscopic cystogastrostomy (n = 27), endoscopic cystoduodenostomy (n = 6) and transpapillary drainage (n = 5). @entity1 were monitored at 1 and 3 months after drainage, and finally between 24 and 80 months. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done at 1 and 3 months after drainage while ultrasound was done at 3 months and at the end of follow-up. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was only done before cyst drainage if no cyst bulge was visible in the stomach or duodenum or if @entity3883 was present. RESULTS: @entity788 was responsible for the pseudocyst in 19 cases while the remaining occurrences were caused by @entity167 (n = 12) and @entity130 (n = 7). All forms of endoscopic drainage were effective in treating @entity45 within 3 months of drainage, irrespective of cause. Over a mean follow-up of 44.23 months (24 - 80 months). Three @entity1 had symptomatic recurrences while three had asymptomatic recurrences; all had @entity167 -induced @entity788 . No recurrences were seen in the @entity788 and @entity130 group. All symptomatic recurrences were successfully managed with endoscopic cystogastrostomy and stenting. A massive bleed in one @entity1 required surgery while stent block and @entity281 in three @entity1 and perforation in one @entity1 were managed conservatively. ERCP was done before cyst drainage in eight @entity1 because there was no visible bulge into the stomach or duodenum (n = 5), or because @entity3883 was present (n = 3). In five @entity1 ERCP revealed cyst duct communication. All these @entity1 were managed by transpapillary drainage and there was only one asymptomatic recurrence in this group. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic management of @entity9007 is quite an effective and safe mode of treatment in experienced hands. ERCP before the procedure is only required when the cyst does not bulge into gut lumen, for a decision about the feasibility of transpancreatic drainage. On long-term follow-up, recurrences were seen only in the @entity8883 group. In the @entity788 group, no recurrences were seen after cholecystectomy and removal of common bile duct (CBD) stones if present. No recurrences were seen in the @entity130 group.

title: Endoscopic management of XXXX : a long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pancreatitis', 'Biliary pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cyst infection']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst and there was complete disappearance of the cyst']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst', 'pancreatic pseudocysts']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The murmur of @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) increases in intensity in about 80% of those @entity1 in whom carotid sinus pressure (CSP) slows the heart rate. This does not occur in @entity340 ( @entity472 ). STUDY OBJECTIVES, DESIGN, AND @entity1 : It was hypothesized that left ventricular (LV) obstruction increases with CSP in @entity1121 and not in @entity472 . Furthermore, it was not clear whether it was the sudden @entity1168 or CSP itself that was responsible for the effect noted. Therefore, studies were performed using two different interventions: (1) Doppler echocardiography was performed before and during CSP in 36 @entity1121 @entity1 and 21 @entity472 @entity1 ; (2) two @entity1 with @entity3603 pacemakers and @entity1121 were examined before and after pacemaker rate slowing. Finally, atrial pacing was performed in three @entity1121 @entity1 at catheterization, and atrial pacing was either slowed or stopped (without CSP). RESULTS: LV outflow velocity and pressure gradient increased in 28 of 30 @entity1121 @entity1 (92%) in whom heart rate decreased with CSP. The peak instantaneous pressure gradient increased from 45+/-37 to 77+/-53 mm Hg (p<0.005), and the velocity contour became more typical of @entity1121 . The pressure gradient increased from 30 mm Hg to 64 and 81 mm Hg, respectively, in the two @entity1 with @entity3603 pacemakers after pacemaker rate slowing. Similar results were seen with slowing or cessation of atrial pacing at catheterization. In contrast, the pressure gradient increased in only three of 21 @entity472 @entity1 (14%), to 44+/-28 from 41+/-25 mm Hg, and remained unchanged in the other 18. CONCLUSION: This study shows that LV outflow velocity and pressure gradient increase markedly in most @entity1121 @entity1 (92%) if CSP succeeds in slowing the heart rate, but not in @entity1 with @entity340 . A similar effect is obtained by simply decreasing the atrial rate in @entity1 with @entity3603 or atrial pacemakers. This increase in outflow tract obstruction is sufficient to account for the increase in murmur intensity. @entity393 (secondary to greater aortic decompression with the longer diastole), increased intrinsic force of contraction with the @entity1168 (the Woodworth effect), and Starling's law may play independent roles in the dynamic increase in obstruction observed during CSP in @entity1 with @entity1121 . @entity339 was not clearly shown to contribute to the increase in murmur, but it cannot readily be ruled out.

title: Transient XXXX induced by carotid sinus pressure increases outflow obstruction in @entity1121 but not in @entity340 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Worsening of mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased afterload']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular AS', 'valvular aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HOCM', 'hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['bradycardia']


abstract: The basic problem with comparative diet trials is our inability to measure what @entity1 eat. All conventional instruments depend on subjects' reports. Most trials lack independent biochemical, physiological or genetic measures of intake. So, we do not know if subjects actually follow the diets being tested and compared. We can assess @entity1017 /loss, but we fail in a fundamental scientific requirement, accurately measuring the independent variable in a causal experiment. Worse, we know most subjects under-report their energy intake and its components, the @entity28 especially. The problem is compounded by attempts to show diets' effects on other risk factors, like @entity1674 . Researchers seek to correlate two variables, without having accurately measured one of them, producing misleading associations. The consequence is we do not know if the results of any current diet trials are valid or reliable. Developing rigorous measures of food intake is the highest priority in @entity28 research. That involves improvements in technology as well as science. We need: (1) biomarkers of intake for energy, macro- and micro-nutrients and other food components relevant to @entity1017 /loss; (2) field measuring instruments that are cheap, rapid, painless, non-intrusive and self-administerable; and (3) electronic data transmission systems that preclude subjects' ability to misreport.

title: The fundamental flaw in XXXX research.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: When monoclonal B cells from @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) @entity1 are cultured in vitro, they die by apoptosis. Apoptotic cell death occurred in the B cells from 20/24 @entity1072 @entity1 after 26-30 h in in vitro culture, with 14.3-59.0% (mean 33.6%) of their DNA being fragmented in approximately 180 base pair multimers. After 8-10 d culture, 90-100% of the @entity1072 cells were dead. Cell death and DNA fragmentation were inhibited in the presence of 0.5-5 ng/ml @entity1 recombinant @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) and viable monoclonal B cells could be maintained in culture up to 3 weeks. At 5 ng/ml, @entity3646 reduced DNA fragmentation after a 26-30 h culture to 2.2-33.3% (mean 14.9%). @entity3646 inhibited apoptosis without stimulating cell proliferation. In four @entity1 the cells were resistant to apoptosis in vitro and they could be maintained for up to 4 weeks in culture medium alone. DNA fragmentation in all @entity1 was increased in the presence of the RNA synthesis inhibitor @entity4316 . Western blot analysis of cell lysates showed expression of the @entity588 protein in all 11 @entity1072 @entity1 studied. However, during culture, @entity588 protein levels were preserved only in @entity1 resistant to apoptosis and were reduced in those susceptible to apoptosis. Reduction of @entity588 protein levels was inhibited in cells cultured in the presence of @entity3646 . These data offer an explanation for the difference between the long life in vivo and rapid death in vitro of @entity1072 cells and indicate that @entity3646 may participate in the extended survival of these non-dividing cells in vivo.

title: @entity3646 inhibits apoptotic cell death and loss of the @entity588 protein in XXXX cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia', 'B-CLL']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin-D']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']


abstract: We herein present two cases @entity1069 . The first case was in a 45-year-old @entity1 who presented at our department with the chief complaints of @entity158 on voiding and pollakisuria on November 13, 1996. Ultrasonography and computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a @entity263 . A histological examination of biopsy specimens revealed @entity1069 . Total prostatectomy and partial cystectomy were performed. No adjuvant therapy was performed. He is still alive without disease 12 months after operation. The second case was in a 63-year-old @entity1 who was admitted to our hospital for treatment of a @entity2 and @entity1586 on February 28, 1997. CT scans showed a large @entity263 and @entity5 in the lung, liver and bilateral kidneys. He was referred to our department for evaluation of the @entity263 . A transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate for histological diagnosis revealed @entity1822 . No treatment was performed and he died 3 months later. In addition, 57 cases of @entity1069 collected from the Japanese literature are also reviewed.

title: [ XXXX : report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma of the prostate', 'prostatic leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colon polyp']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['Leiomyosarcoma of the prostate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of pretargeting technology for @entity5 imaging and treatment has made significant progress in the last few years. This approach takes advantage of the fact that @entity1885 binds strongly to proteins avidin and streptavidin. Thus, a non-toxic @entity5 cell specific antibody is conjugated with avidin/streptavidin, and is administered to @entity1 . After the antibody binds to @entity5 cells (usually 24--48 h); a clearing agent is given to remove the residual circulating antibodies in blood. Lastly, a toxic @entity1885 -radioisotope conjugate is administered. Due to the small size of the @entity1885 -radioisotope molecule and tight binding between @entity1885 and avidin/streptavidin, the @entity1885 -radioisotope rapidly binds to @entity5 cells with high specificity. @entity46339 (1) is one of a few classes of extremely potent antitumor agents, and a biotinalyted CBI-bearing @entity46339 analogue is a promising candidate to be used in the pretargeting technology to treat @entity5 . RESULTS: A biotinalyted CBI-bearing @entity46339 analogue, 6, was synthesized. The IC50 of 6 was 0.7 nM against U937 cells. Compound 6 caused apototsis of U937 cells. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, a biotinalyted CBI-bearing @entity46339 analogue, 6, was synthesized. The biotinylated 6 can serve as a model compound to explore the usefulness of non-radioactive small molecule anticancer drugs in the pretargeting strategy for @entity5 imaging and therapy.

title: Synthesis and cytotoxicity of a biotinylated XXXX analogue.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity46339 :: (MESH:C018782,Chemical) :: ['CC-1065']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine immunity to @entity116 and @entity7394 in the Australian population. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analysis, using double antigen enzyme immunoassays, of a representative sample of sera (1950 samples tested for @entity7394 and 2884 for @entity116 ) collected opportunistically from Australian laboratories between July 1996 and May 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Immunity to @entity7394 and @entity116 , defined as negative (susceptible) when the antitoxin level was < 0.01 IU/mL, positive (immune) when it was > or = 0.1 IU/mL, and low positive (partially immune) when it was in the range 0.01-< 0.1 IU/mL. RESULTS: About 99% of @entity1 aged 5-9 years had @entity7394 and @entity116 antitoxin levels > or = 0.01 IU/mL (immune or partially immune). Antitoxin levels declined with age and generally more markedly for @entity7394 than @entity116 . For subjects aged 50 years and over, less than 60% were immune or partially immune to @entity7394 and less than 75% to @entity116 . @entity1 and @entity1 had similar @entity7394 antitoxin levels, while @entity1 had lower levels of @entity116 antitoxin compared with @entity1 of the same age, with the difference being most marked in the age group > or = 70 years (37% v 60%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Immunity in @entity1 appears to be good, but adults, especially older @entity1 , may not be adequately protected. Recent changes to the Australian Standard Vaccination Schedule should improve immunity in cohorts now aged < 50 years. However, additional efforts are required to protect those over 50 years (especially travellers), who are most susceptible.

title: Immunity to XXXX and @entity116 in Australia: a national serosurvey.

entities_list: @entity7394 :: ('MESH:D004165', 'Disease') :: ['diphtheria']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Men', 'people', 'men']

answer: @entity7394 :: (MESH:D004165,Disease) :: ['diphtheria']


abstract: Although P2-purinoceptors play an important role in the regulation of liver metabolism under normal conditions, it is not known if @entity548 and resuscitation have any effects on such receptors. To study this, we performed a 5-cm midline laparotomy (i.e., @entity130 induced) on @entity35 and then bled them to and maintained them at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg until 40% of maximum bleedout volume was returned in the form of Ringer @entity880 (RL). The animals were then resuscitated with 3x the volume of shed blood with RL over 45 min followed by 2x RL over 95 min. Hepatocytes were isolated at the time of maximum bleedout or at 0, 4, 17, and 27 h after the completion of crystalloid resuscitation. P2-purinoceptor binding characteristics were determined in the isolated hepatocytes by using [alpha-35S] @entity855 . Scatchard analysis revealed high- and low-affinity components of P2-purinoceptors in hepatocytes from sham-operated as well as hemorrhaged and resuscitated animals. The maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of the high-affinity receptor component decreased at the time of maximum bleedout and at 4, 17, and 27 h after resuscitation. In addition to this, the Bmax of low-affinity receptor components also decreased at 4-27 h after resuscitation. In contrast, the dissociation constants of both receptor components were not altered. Because @entity548 produces abnormalities in @entity413 metabolism, the downregulation of hepatocyte P2-purinoceptor Bmax may be responsible for the altered @entity413 homeostasis under such conditions.

title: Downregulation of hepatocyte P2-purinoceptor binding capacity after XXXX /resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock', 'trauma-hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['trauma-hemorrhage']


abstract: Mycelial and @entity375 forms of @entity12267 were tested for several glucohydrolases. In addition to high levels of beta-glucanases, low amounts of alpha-glucanase, chitinase and maltase were found. Tests for invertase, amylase and lactase were negative. The levels of beta-1,3-glucanase were higher in the mycelial form. The shift to the mycelial phase correlated with an increase in the levels of beta-1,3-glucanase. The enzyme was present in the cytoplasm, cell wall and culture medium. The extracellular enzyme was purified 42 fold by @entity4859 precipitation and gel filtration. Maximal activity was obtained at 60 degrees C and pH of 5.0 ( @entity598 buffer or pH 6.0 ( @entity1391 buffer). Its Km was 0.205 mg/ml. The cell wall-bound enzyme showed a higher temperature optimum. Optimum pH and Km were also slightly different. Following treatment of the cell walls with chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase was released into the medium.

title: Beta-1-3-glucanase and dimorphism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4859 :: ('CHEBI:62946', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity12267 :: (121759,Species) :: ['Paracoccidioides brasiliensis']


abstract: The addition of a @entity2221 to a diet of @entity1 has been shown to increase the excretion of that @entity2221 . The effects of an increase of one @entity2221 on another have not been investigated. The objective of the current project was to compare the effects of two supplementation patterns on the @entity1670 and @entity21410 excretion values of @entity1 consuming a peanut butter-based diet. Two groups each received one of two supplementation regimens. One group received @entity1670 , a multi- @entity2221 , or no supplement. One group received @entity1853 alone, @entity21410 alone or @entity1853 plus @entity21410 . The addition of either @entity2221 resulted in increased excretion of that @entity2221 . Urinary @entity1670 excretion of the group that received @entity21410 and/or @entity1853 was greater than that observed with a multi- @entity2221 or no supplement. Urinary @entity21410 excretion was suppressed when @entity1670 was a supplement. Urinary @entity21410 excretion of the @entity1853 supplement group was greater than the excretion of the groups which received either @entity1670 or multi- @entity2221 supplements. These data suggest some possible dangers in indiscriminate supplementation of food products.

title: @entity1670 and XXXX excretions of @entity1 fed a low- @entity1853 , plant-based diet.

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin']

entities_list: @entity21410 :: ('MESH:D010205', 'Chemical') :: ['pantothenic acid']

answer: @entity21410 :: (MESH:D010205,Chemical) :: ['pantothenic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study allergens and their relationship to the occurrence of childhood @entity565 in the Jiading District of Shanghai. METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-two 4 to 12-year-old @entity1 with @entity565 in the remission stage from Nanxiang Hospital in the Jiading District of Shanghai were used as a case group ( @entity565 group), and 402 @entity1 from two primary schools and two kindergartens in Jiading were enrolled by cluster sampling and served as control group. Parents of the @entity1 completed a questionnaire on living conditions and allergy-related disease history. Skin prick test (SPT) for 18 common allergens was carried out in both groups. In order to examine the effect of environment and living conditions on SPT results, @entity1 in the control group were further divided into two sub-groups according to birth place: migrant (219 cases) and resident (183 cases). RESULTS: SPT results revealed that the main allergens identified in the Jiading region were @entity8786 , house dust mites, shrimps, cockroaches, and @entity235 hair. The SPT positive rate was 67.9% in the @entity565 group, and this was significantly higher than in the control group (31.8%) (P<0.01). The environment and living conditions in the migrant group were significantly different from the resident group (P<0.01), whereas the SPT positive rate for this group was significantly lower than in the resident group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Allergens in the Jiading region mainly originate from @entity8786 , household dust mites, shrimps, cockroaches and @entity235 hair. @entity1 with @entity565 are more susceptible to allergens. Environment and living conditions may be relevant, to a certain extent, to an SPT positive rate.

title: [Allergens and their relationships to childhood XXXX in the Jiading District of Shanghai].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['dermatophagoides farinae']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: Sixty-six @entity235 suffering from intervertebral disk diseases on cervical and/or thoracolumbar disks were treated by a ventral fenestration. The breeds affected with disk diseases were Dachshund (65.1%), Beagle (15.2%), Shih Tsu (4.5%), Pekingese (4.5%), and others (18.2%). Sites suffered from disk diseases and received disk fenestration most frequently were from T10-11 to L2-3. However, other disks were also needed the operation in some cases. An average number of disks received fenestration was 6.0. Days to walk after the fenestration in 51 cases varied 1 to 120 days (average: 14.9 +/- 22.0 days, mean +/- S.D.) depending on their severity. The recovery rates from the follow-up study were as follows: In grade I (3 cases, able to walk with @entity615 ) and grade II (14 cases, @entity2055 and paresis) it was 100%, respectively. The rates in grade III (23 cases, @entity451 with positive @entity158 ) and grade IV (26 cases, @entity451 with lack of @entity158 ) were 73.9% and 65.4%, respectively. A few recurrence after the operation were observed in this study. As a result, the ventral fenestration was extremely effective as a treatment for disk diseases in the @entity235 .

title: A retrospective study of ventral fenestration for disk diseases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['deep pain']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['slight ataxia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed the impact of juvenile abuse (emotional, physical, or sexual) on response to treatment in adults with @entity308 ( @entity308 ) suboptimally responsive to antidepressant therapy. METHODS: A post hoc analysis explored the relationship between self-reported history of juvenile abuse and response to @entity1090 or placebo augmentation during a 6-week double-blind study period in @entity1 with @entity308 suboptimally responsive to a previous adequate trial of antidepressant monotherapy. RESULTS: Overall, only one clinical measure showed a small, but statistically significant difference in outcome between @entity1 with @entity734 (HRSD-17). In @entity1 reporting abuse (n=141), improvement with @entity1090 versus placebo augmentation was greater on several measures: HRSD-17 total and 2 subscale scores, responder rates, Q-LES-Q, and PaRTS-D. In @entity1 without abuse (n=127), only two measures showed significant improvement: HRSD-17 subscale and PaRTS-D. Responder rates (HRSD-17) were: 40.9% ( @entity1090 ) versus 23.1% (placebo; p=0.01; odds ratio=2.7) in those with abuse, and 41.0% versus 34.4% (p=0.39; odds ratio=1.4) in those without. Adverse events rates were: 37.0% ( @entity1090 ) and 54.4% (placebo) in @entity1 with abuse, and 56.3% and 55.6% in those without. LIMITATIONS: Analysis not preplanned. Validated questionnaire not used to determine abuse status. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported juvenile abuse history may impact response to @entity1090 augmentation therapy in adults with @entity308 suboptimally responsive to antidepressants. Abuse status may reduce placebo response and reporting of adverse events.

title: Impact of self-reported juvenile abuse on treatment outcome in XXXX with @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['abuse versus without abuse']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity432 is an important factor that influences the progression of @entity2521 , but it is unclear whether @entity432 influences periodontal destruction at the onset of @entity2521 . We established an experimental @entity2521 model with both site-specific loss of attachment and alveolar bone resorption. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of @entity432 on periodontal destruction, particularly loss of attachment, at the onset of experimental @entity2521 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty @entity35 were used in the present study. Forty-eight @entity35 immunized with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally were divided into four groups. In the @entity130 ( @entity130 ) group, @entity432 was induced by placing an excessively high metal wire in the occlusal surface of the mandibular right first molar. In the @entity32 ( @entity32 ) group, periodontal @entity32 was induced by topical application of LPS into the palatal gingival sulcus of maxillary right first molars. In the @entity130 + @entity32 ( @entity130 + @entity32 ) group, both @entity130 and periodontal @entity32 were simultaneously induced. The PBS group was administered @entity1391 -buffered saline only. Another 12 nonimmunized @entity35 (the n-( @entity130 + @entity32 ) group) were treated as described for the @entity130 + @entity32 group. All @entity35 were killed after 5 or 10 d, and their maxillary first molars with surrounding tissues were observed histopathologically. Loss of attachment and osteoclasts on the alveolar bone crest were investigated histopathologically. To detect immune complexes, immunohistological staining for @entity28789 was performed. Collagen fibers were also observed using the picrosirius red-polarization method. RESULTS: There were significant increases in loss of attachment and in the number of osteoclasts in the @entity130 + @entity32 group compared with the other groups. Moreover, widespread distribution of immune complexes was observed in the @entity130 + @entity32 group, and collagen fibers oriented from the root surface to the alveolar bone crest had @entity1625 disappeared in the @entity130 , @entity130 + @entity32 and n-( @entity130 + @entity32 ) groups. CONCLUSION: When @entity32 was combined with @entity432 , immune complexes were confirmed in more expanding areas than in the area of the @entity32 group without @entity432 , and loss of attachment at the onset of experimental @entity2521 was increased. Damage of collagen fibers by @entity432 may elevate the permeability of the antigen through the tissue and result in expansion of the area of immune-complex formation and accelerating inflammatory reaction. The periodontal tissue destruction was thus greater in the @entity130 + @entity32 group than in the @entity32 group.

title: @entity432 accelerates attachment loss at the onset of experimental XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'I']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['partially']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Occlusal trauma', 'occlusal trauma']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the conditions in which @entity6 adolescents are transferred from pediatric to adult health care, and to record the opinions of the physicians about this issue. METHODS: A questionnaire-based study was performed among all the pediatricians in the hospital setting and all the diabetologists from the Paris-Ile-de-France area. Questionnaires from 50 pediatricians and 51 diabetologists were completed (response rate: 68%). RESULTS: 1) Not enough information was transmitted: a quarter of the diabetologists were visiting for the first time without any information on the adolescent, and only half the pediatricians received feedback information from the internists after the first visit. And yet, when considered, it was important to be kept informed after the first visit and the following ones. 2) Medical relationships were poor: more than three out of four pediatricians and diabetologists had none or very few professional meetings, and two thirds of them were not aware of the way the others were working. 3) Eighty percent of pediatricians and diabetologists considered that the transfer of @entity6 adolescents had to be organised in order to keep the coherence of medical follow-up, to minimise the psychological effects of the transition, and to avoid a complete break in the @entity1 follow-up. 4) The expectations of the pediatricians were: the validation of their previous follow-up through the feedback information from diabetologists and the continuity of the medical follow-up; those of the diabetologists were: to gain the @entity1 's confidence and to master the @entity1 's previous history, in order to provide a better follow-up. 5) According to the opinion of both pediatricians and diabetologists, the main errors to avoid were, by the paediatricians, to miss the time and the preparation of the transfer and, by the diabetologists, to denigrate the previous pediatric management and to change the @entity2690 regimen immediately. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a lack of communication between physicians of pediatric and adult health care centres. But it also underlines their recognition of the importance of the transition's stakes and their common motivations in order to improve it.

title: [Modalities of transition of XXXX adolescents from pediatrics to the adult care in the Paris-Ile-de-France region: an appeal to cooperative work for improving quality of care. Paris-Ile-de-France Section of DESG ( @entity6 Education Study Group) in French language].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: AIM: To assess whether video capsule endoscopy (VCE) affects the outcomes of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) recipients with @entity360 . METHODS: This is a retrospective study of LVAD recipients with obscure @entity360 (OGIB) who underwent VCE at a tertiary medical center between 2005 and 2013. All @entity1 were admitted and monitored with telemetry and all VCE and subsequent endoscopic procedures were performed as inpatients. A VCE study was considered positive only when P2 lesions were found and was regarded as negative if P1 or P0 were identified. All @entity1 were followed until heart transplant, @entity204 , or the end of the study. RESULTS: Between 2005 and 2013, 30 @entity1 with LVAD underwent VCE. Completion rate of VCE was 93.3% and there was no capsule retention. No interference of VCE recording or the function of LVAD was found. VCE was positive in 40% of @entity1 (n = 12). The most common finding was active small intestinal @entity548 (50%) and small @entity2817 (33.3%). There was no difference in the rate of recurrent @entity548 between @entity1 with positive and negative VCE study (50.0% vs 55.6%, P = 1.00) during an average of 11.6    9.6 mo follow up. Among @entity1 with positive VCE, the recurrent @entity548 rate did not differ whether subsequent endoscopy was performed (50% vs 50%, P = 1.00). CONCLUSION: VCE can be safely performed in LVAD recipients with a diagnostic yield of 40%. VCE does not affect recurrent @entity548 in LVAD @entity1 regardless of findings.

title: Video capsule endoscopy in left ventricular assist device recipients with obscure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal angiodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: @entity664 ( @entity664 ) is a potent mitogen which induces growth of collateral vessels in ischaemic and infarcted @entity1562 . The effect of systemically administered @entity664 on left ventricular (LV) function, @entity1283 and @entity5707 following acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have not yet been fully investigated. Thirty Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 were randomized to receive @entity664 (0.5 mg) or @entity35 albumin intraperitoneally for 1 week, beginning immediately after the induction of @entity583 . Five animals served as controls and did not undergo any operation. Animals were killed 6 weeks after surgery and the hearts were perfused and fixed at physiological pressure. Transverse cross-sections from infarcted areas were stained with antibodies against @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) and Masson-trichrome and analysed with a coloured-image analyser for LV area (mm2), LV cavity diameter (mm), infarcted area (%), and wall thickness (mm) in @entity1188 regions. LV area was similar in @entity583 @entity35 and in controls (41.7 +/- 6.9 and 43.0 +/- 1.5 mm2, respectively) and was significantly larger in @entity583 @entity664 -treated ( @entity583 / @entity664 ) animals (47.6 +/- 7.1 mm2) (P = 0.023). LV cavity diameter was significantly larger in the @entity583 group than in @entity583 / @entity664 and control animals (6.0 +/- 0.8, 4.9 +/- 1.4, and 4.4 +/- 0.8 mm, respectively, P = 0.018). Wall thickness in the non-infarcted region was significantly smaller in @entity583 animals (1.4 +/- 0.3 mm) than in @entity583 / @entity664 animals (1.6 +/- 0.4 mm) and the control group (1.6 +/- 0.1 mm) (P = 0.015). The ratio between LV cavity diameter/non- @entity583 wall thickness was higher in @entity583 than in control and @entity583 / @entity664 groups (4.8 +/- 1.6, 2.7 +/- 0.6 and 3.3 +/- 1.8, respectively, P = 0.03). Proliferating endothelial cells were significantly more abundant in infarcted than in normal areas in both @entity583 and @entity583 / @entity664 groups, but with no significant differences between the groups. Intraperitoneal administration of @entity664 did not cause any untoward extracardiac effects. Thus, systemic @entity664 administration following acute @entity583 in @entity35 prevents dilatation of the LV, induces @entity1184 of the non-infarcted @entity1562 and exerts no untoward effects on extracardiac organs.

title: @entity664 induces @entity1283 following acute XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted and non-infarcted']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['LV remodelling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is an inflammatory, autoimmune, @entity66 often involving the central and peripheral nervous systems. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a selective small-diameter nerve fiber @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity1252 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. @entity1 Sixty @entity1 with @entity1252 , aged 43.2 +/- 13.5 years (mean +/- SD). INTERVENTIONS: Skin biopsies, nerve conduction studies, and clinical neurologic examinations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Density of intraepidermal small-diameter nerve fibers in skin biopsy specimens and large-diameter nerve fiber function as determined by nerve conduction studies and clinical examinations. RESULTS: The mean density of intraepidermal small-diameter nerve fibers in @entity1 with @entity1252 was 7.5 +/- 3.8/mm. Eight @entity1 (13%) had densities below reference values, consistent with small-diameter nerve fiber @entity16 , and results of nerve conduction studies were normal in 6 of them. Eleven @entity1 (18%) had abnormal results of nerve conduction studies, reflecting large-diameter nerve fiber @entity16 , and 4 @entity1 (7%) were classified by an experienced neurologist as having @entity305 after the clinical examination. CONCLUSIONS: An abnormal reduction in intraepidermal small-diameter nerve fiber densities is evident in some @entity1 despite normal function of their larger nerve fibers. This adds further support to the theory that a pure small-diameter nerve fiber @entity16 may occur in @entity1252 .

title: Small-diameter nerve fiber @entity16 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: National-scale analyses of fire occurrence are needed to prioritize fire policy and management activities across the United States. However, the drivers of national-scale patterns of fire occurrence are not well understood, and how the relative importance of @entity1 or biophysical factors varies across the country is unclear. Our research goal was to model the drivers of fire occurrence within ecoregions across the conterminous United States. We used generalized linear models to compare the relative influence of @entity1 , @entity47 , climate, and topographic variables on fire occurrence in the United States, as measured by MODIS active fire detections collected between 2000 and 2006. We constructed models for all fires and for large fires only and generated predictive maps to quantify fire occurrence probabilities. Areas with high fire occurrence probabilities were widespread in the Southeast, and localized in the Mountain West, particularly in southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico. Probabilities for large-fire occurrence were generally lower, but hot spots existed in the western and south-central United States The probability of fire occurrence is a critical component of fire risk assessments, in addition to @entity47 type, fire behavior, and the values at risk. Many of the hot spots we identified have extensive development in the wildland--urban interface and are near large metropolitan areas. Our results demonstrated that @entity1 variables were important predictors of both all fires and large fires and frequently exhibited nonlinear relationships. However, @entity47 , climate, and topography were also significant variables in most ecoregions. If recent housing growth trends and fire occurrence patterns continue, these areas will continue to challenge policies and management efforts seeking to balance the risks generated by wildfires with the ecological benefits of fire.

title: XXXX and biophysical influences on fire occurrence in the United States.

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of @entity6138 (BN) reduces meal intake in fasted @entity35 . The overall objective of the present study was to determine the behavioral and other ingestive effects of prolonged central administration of BN. In the first experiment, we characterized the effects of 8-day sustained central administration of BN (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 5 micrograms/0.5 microliter/h) or its antagonist ( @entity47763 ; 0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.5 and 5.0 micrograms/0.5 microliter/h), in free feeding @entity35 . Each dose was delivered over 48 h, in an ascending sequence. At the higher doses, the BN-exposed @entity35 consumed significantly less food whereas those exposed to the BN antagonist ingested significantly more food than the controls (saline exposed), during the dark phase. Due to the limited 48-h exposure to these higher doses, we further investigated the effects of more sustained BN exposure. Thus BN was infused over a 7-day period, at a rate of 0.25 microgram BN/0.5 microliter/h. In this latter study, we determined the effects of sustained BN exposure on a) daily spontaneous ingestive pattern, b) the @entity35 's ingestive and other behavioral responses to a subsequent acute BN (i.c.v.) challenge and, c) BN receptor binding profile in various brain regions. Over the initial 2 days of chronic infusion, BN significantly suppressed spontaneous ingestion, and this effect dissipated by 72 h. Upon acute challenge with bolus injection of BN (0.25 microgram; i.c.v.), both chronically BN-treated and control @entity35 responded by decreased feeding and enhanced grooming behaviors. In terms of effects at the receptor level, chronic BN exposure resulted in significant down-regulation (reduced BN/GRP receptor density) at the PVN and the hippocampal dentate gyrus. These findings represent the first demonstration of concomitant behavioral and receptor based changes consequent to sustained exposure to BN. These data suggest that tolerance to feeding suppressant effects of BN develops gradually, which in part may be mediated by down-regulation of BN/GRP receptors at specific brain loci. Our results also suggest that despite the development of tolerance to the chronic or sustained effects of BN exposure, animals still respond robustly to acute fluctuations in peptide levels.

title: Sustained XXXX exposure results in receptor down-regulation and tolerance to the chronic but not acute effects of @entity6138 on ingestion.

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['bombesin']

answer: @entity6138 :: (MESH:D001839,Chemical) :: ['bombesin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 30-50% of @entity1 with @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) demonstrate detectable @entity2008 , the prognostic value of which has not been completely defined by previous retrospective studies. The current prospective study addresses this issue in the context of currently accepted independent prognostic variables. METHODS: The current study is a single institution study in which @entity1 with @entity4018 were accrued between January 2000 and August 2001 and followed in a prospective fashion. All study @entity1 underwent bone marrow examination with cytogenetic studies as well as comprehensive clinical and laboratory evaluation at the time of karyotype analysis. RESULTS: Among the study cohort of 81 @entity1 (with a median age of 61 years; 54 males), the cytogenetic findings were normal in 44 @entity1 (54%; Group 1). The remaining 37 @entity1 (46%) demonstrated either interstitial deletions involving the long arm of chromosome 13 or 20 (9 @entity1 ; Group 2) or other abnormalities (28 @entity1 ; Group 3). All study @entity1 were followed prospectively for a minimum of 40 months (range, 40-55 months). Survival from the time of karyotypic analysis was found to be similar between Groups 1 and 2 but was significantly worse in Group 3. Furthermore, none of the @entity1 in Group 2 experienced leukemic transformation, whereas five @entity1 each from the other two groups did. Multivariate analysis identified an unfavorable cytogenetic profile (Group 3), > or = 1% circulating blasts, a hemoglobin level of <10 g/dL, and constitutional symptoms as adverse prognostic features for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Specific cytogenetic lesions in @entity1 with @entity4018 might carry an independent prognostic effect for both survival and the risk of leukemic transformation. Such information should assist in decision making when considering aggressive treatment approaches.

title: Prognostic diversity among XXXX in @entity4018 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['cytogenetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia', 'MMM']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['cytogenetic abnormalities']


abstract: 1. We determined the effect of @entity205 (CsA) treatment on mast cell degranulation and lung resistance (R(L)) in vivo, and @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) contraction ex vivo after antigen challenge in sensitized @entity468 . We also determined the direct effects of addition of CsA to the tissue bath on antigen-induced responses of @entity3960 in vitro. 2. @entity468 (n=10) were sensitized by i.m. injection of @entity3980 ( @entity3980 ); 5 @entity468 (CsA+) received CsA twice daily for 2 weeks before acute antigen challenge in doses sufficient to suppress @entity45288 secretion from feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo. 3. Lung resistance increased comparably within 10 min of exposure to @entity3980 (P<0.03). @entity112 content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from both groups increased comparably within 30 min of antigen challenge, from undetectable levels to 542+/-74 pg ml(-1) post @entity3980 for CsA+ and from 74+/-19 pg ml(-1) at baseline, to 970+/-180 pg ml(-1) post @entity3980 CsA- (P<0.05; P=NS vs CsA+). 4. In excised @entity3960 , active tension elicited by exposure to @entity3980 in vitro was 107+/-38% KCl in the CsA+ group vs 144+/-56% KCl in the CsA- group (P=NS). However, contraction of @entity3960 (n=4) harvested from both groups was abolished or greatly diminished after @entity3980 challenge when tissues were pre-incubated with 1 microM CsA in vitro (8+/-8% KCl, P<0.05 vs CsA+ and CsA-). This was associated with inhibited release of @entity750 into the organ bath fluid of tissues treated with CsA in vitro only. 5. We demonstrated that CsA treatment in vivo does not inhibit the early phase asthmatic response or mast cell degranulation following antigen challenge in sensitized @entity468 . Additionally, the effects of @entity870 on mast cell function ex vivo do not reflect lack of effects of CsA on mast cell function in vivo in this animal model of @entity12131 .

title: Differential effects of @entity205 after acute antigen challenge in sensitized XXXX in vivo and ex vivo.

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['TSM', 'tracheal smooth muscle']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine']

entities_list: @entity3980 :: ('MESH:C535887', 'Disease') :: ['Ascaris suum antigen', 'AA']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: We retrospectively analyzed a case of a 7-month-old @entity1 with a delay of psychomotor development, slow pupillary light reflexes, @entity346 , @entity508 and bilateral @entity1952 . At the end of life there were problems with swallowing. Ventriculography showed widening of the lateral ventricles and @entity194 in the frontal lobes. EEG revealed generalized changes. Clinically, leucodystrophy was diagnosed. General autopsy revealed @entity1283 . Neuropathological picture showed orthochromatic leucodystrophy with some features characteristic of neuropathology of @entity2383 : @entity1373 and @entity1184 , spongiosis and symmetrical, bilateral damage of brain stem structures. The last one is characteristic of @entity8433 . Electron microscopic evaluation showed abnormal mitochondria, myelin and neurofibrils destruction. @entity1184 of the heart may be also connected with @entity2383 .

title: Infantile XXXX - a case report.

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'Hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['capillary hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8433 :: ('MESH:D007888', 'Disease') :: ['Leigh syndrome']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['horizontal nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disease']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial leucodystrophy']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether chronic administration of @entity29274 , a long-acting non-SH group angiotensin converting enzyme ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor, reduced @entity644 , inhibited @entity8 and prevented @entity631 in chronic @entity8424 ( @entity7540 ) - induced @entity1985 @entity35 . @entity3450 was induced by injection of @entity7540 (15mg/100g body weight) in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 . Four groups were used, i) the @entity7540 group (14), ii) @entity7540 / @entity29274 (13), iii) @entity29274 (14) and iv) untreated controls (15). @entity29274 (8 mg/kg/day) was administered to the @entity35 which were killed at weeks 4, 14 or 20. At each time point, systolic blood pressure (BP), urinary protein excretion and renal histopathological findings were evaluated, and morphometric image analysis was done. Systolic BP in the @entity7540 group was significantly high at 4, 14 and 20 weeks, but was normal in the @entity7540 / @entity29274 group. Urinary protein excretion in the @entity7540 group increased significantly, peaking at 8 days, then decreased at 4 weeks, but rose again significantly at 14 and 20 weeks. @entity29274 did not attenuate @entity644 at 8 days, but it did markedly lower it from weeks 4 to 20. The @entity631 index (GSI) was 6.21 % at 4 weeks and respectively 25.35 % and 30.49 % at 14 and 20 weeks in the @entity7540 group. There was a significant correlation between urinary protein excretion and GSI (r = 0.808, p < 0.0001). The ratio of glomerular tuft area to the area of Bowman's capsules (GT/BC) in the @entity7540 group was significantly increased, but it was significantly lower in the @entity7540 / @entity29274 group. It appears that @entity29274 was effective in retarding renal progression and protected renal function in @entity7540 neprotic @entity35 .

title: @entity29274 , a long-acting non-SH group angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, modulates @entity8 in chronic XXXX @entity3450 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity29274 :: ('MESH:C055603', 'Chemical') :: ['Temocapril', 'temocapril']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity8424 :: ('MESH:D011692', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin aminonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity8424 :: (MESH:D011692,Chemical) :: ['puromycin aminonucleoside']


abstract: AIM: This study aimed to compare the @entity174 resistance of roots filled with a bonded material, fiber posts, or @entity702 post systems. METHODS: Canals in the first group were filled with @entity3798 Plus and gutta-percha cones, and roots in the second group were filled with Epiphany sealer and Resilon cones. The root fillings (60 roots) were removed up to 4 mm from the canal apex to obtain 10-mm-deep post spaces, and posts were cemented. The groups were as follows: @entity3798 Plus control group, Epiphany control group, @entity3798 Plus fiber post group, @entity3798 Plus @entity702 post group, Epiphany fiber post group, and Epiphany @entity702 post group. @entity174 tests were performed by using an Instron testing machine. The force was applied at a 45   axial angle with a constant speed of 1 mm/min. For each sample, the force at which @entity174 occurred was recorded in units of newtons. Statistical analysis was carried out by using analysis of variance test. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between all groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity702 posts, fiber posts, and Epiphany root canal filling systems were found to have no reinforcing effect on endodontically treated roots.

title: In vitro XXXX resistance of endodontically treated roots filled with a bonded filling material or different types of posts.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium', 'Titanium']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The technical results of 259 nephron sparing operations for @entity1358 or @entity8880 were reviewed. Local or renal related complications occurred after 78 procedures (30.1%). The incidence of complications was less for operations performed after 1988 (22% versus 37%, p = 0.009) and for incidentally detected versus suspected @entity5 (p = 0.009). The most common complications were @entity9132 formation (45 operations) and @entity810 (33). Significant predisposing factors for @entity9132 formation included central @entity5 location (p = 0.001), @entity5 size greater than 4 cm. (p = 0.001), the need for major reconstruction of the collecting system (p = 0.001) and ex vivo surgery (p = 0.001). Only 1 @entity9132 required open operative repair, while the remainder resolved either spontaneously (30) or with endoscopic management (14). Significant predisposing factors for @entity810 included a solitary kidney (p = 0.001), @entity5 size greater than 7 cm. (p = 0.008), greater than 50% parenchymal excision (p = 0.001), greater than 60 minutes of @entity63 time (p = 0.035) and ex vivo surgery (p = 0.001). @entity810 resolved in 28 @entity1 , of whom 9 required temporary dialysis, while 5 required permanent dialysis. Overall, 8 complications (3.1%) required repeat open surgery for treatment while all other complications resolved with noninterventive or endourological management. @entity532 contributed to an adverse clinical outcome in only 7 @entity1 (2.9%). Nephron sparing surgery can be performed safely with preservation of renal function in most @entity1 with @entity703 .

title: Complications of nephron sparing surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8880 :: ('MESH:C537750', 'Disease') :: ['renal oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity9132 :: ('MESH:D014548', 'Disease') :: ['urinary fistula']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity16 at presentation is the most important predictor of morbidity and mortality from @entity510 ( @entity510 ). To guide management, it is important to identify @entity1 who are at risk of presenting in poor @entity16 after @entity510 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and imaging studies for 387 consecutive cases of @entity510 which were managed at a major @entity531 in the United States from January 2008 to December 2013. Clinically accessible @entity1 and @entity439 characteristics were evaluated by univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of poor neurological status at presentation. RESULTS: For all @entity439 , multivariable logistic regression identified age (OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.00-1.04, P=0.0129), @entity439 size (>= 7 and <10 mm: OR=1.78, 95% CI=1.02-3.11, P=0.0429; >= 10 mm: OR=3.22, 95% CI=1.82-5.70, P<0.0001), and vertebrobasilar junction location (OR=10.1, 95% CI=1.93-52.5, P=0.0060) as independent predictors of poor @entity16 at presentation. For @entity6455 @entity439 , female gender (OR=9.21, 95% CI=1.54-55.1, P=0.0151), @entity101 (OR=8.67, 95% CI=1.80-41.7, P=0.007), and size >= 7 mm (OR=3.67, 95% CI=0.852-15.8, P=0.0807) were predictive of poor @entity16 at presentation, with a C statistic of 0.842. No association was found between poor neurological grade at presentation and smoking status or @entity1229 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Independent predictors of poor neurological grade were identified for all, @entity6455 , ACA/ACOMM, MCA, and posterior circulation @entity439 . A risk prediction chart was constructed using clinically accessible @entity1 and @entity439 characteristics for poor presenting @entity16 after @entity6455 @entity1756 . These factors should be considered when counseling @entity1 with unruptured @entity438 .

title: Who is likely to present in poor @entity16 after XXXX ? Risk factors and implications for treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'aSAH']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition', 'Neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['academic neurovascular center']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed @entity356 ( @entity356 ) is common in @entity1 with severe @entity4808 . This study was designed to investigate effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on gastric motility in @entity35 with @entity4808 . METHODS: Male @entity35 (intact and vagotomized) were implanted with gastric electrodes, chest and abdominal wall electrodes for investigating the effects of EA at ST-36 (stomach-36 or Zusanli) on @entity356 , gastric slow waves, autonomic functions, and plasma @entity568 ( @entity568 ) 6 and 24  h post severe @entity4808 . KEY RESULTS: (i) Burn delayed @entity356 (P  <  0.001). Electroacupuncture improved @entity356 6 and 24  h post burn (P  <  0.001). Vagotomy blocked the EA effect on @entity356 . (ii) Electroacupuncture improved burn-induced @entity943 . The percentage of normal slow waves was increased with EA 6 and 24  h post burn (P  =  0.02). (iii) Electroacupuncture increased vagal activity assessed by the spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). The high-frequency component reflecting vagal component was increased with EA 6 (P  =  0.004) and 24  h post burn (P  =  0.03, vs sham-EA). (iv) Electroacupuncture attenuated burn-induced increase in plasma @entity568 at both 6 (P  =  0.03) and 24  h post burn (P  =  0.003). CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Electroacupuncture at ST-36 improves @entity943 and accelerates @entity356 in @entity35 with @entity4808 . The improvement seems to be mediated via the vagal pathway involving the inflammatory cytokine @entity568 .

title: Electroacupuncture improves burn-induced impairment in gastric motility mediated via the vagal mechanism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dysrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying', 'GE']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']