abstract: Using porous cell culture chambers, we have simultaneously assessed growth and locomotion of @entity5 cells to investigate whether certain agents affect cell motility in addition to cell division. First, cells from a @entity19 @entity1492 cell line, 1.0/L1, were grown in ordinary flask cultures to determine appropriate cell inocula. Doses of agents were selected to reduce the final 4 day culture cellularity to about 50%, when present during the last two days of culturing. Secondly, the effects of these agents on cell numbers in the porous chambers and on cell migration out of the chambers ('emigration fraction') were recorded. We also examined, using a similar type of porous chamber, whether the agents could affect leucocyte chemotaxis. @entity1862 (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) reduced @entity5 cell emigration as well as cell growth, without interfering with leucocyte chemotaxis. @entity2389 (a microfilament disrupting agent) inhibited @entity5 and growth, as well as leucocyte chemotaxis. @entity5713 (a microtubule disrupting agent), at the very low dose chosen, reduced @entity5 cell growth, but did not consistently affect the migration of either cell type. The experimental anti- @entity3 agent @entity10976 reduced growth, but had no detectable effects on motility. High doses of natural @entity19 @entity12419 /beta weakly inhibited both @entity5 cell growth and locomotion. This motivates for further studies of these and other cytokines, as treatment with agents inhibiting @entity5 cell locomotion might possibly prevent peri-operative spread of @entity5 in @entity1 .

title: Simultaneous assessment of migration and proliferation of @entity19 @entity1492 cells, as affected by @entity1862 , @entity5713 , @entity2389 , XXXX and interferon.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer cell motility']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinblastine']

answer: @entity10976 :: (MESH:D011929,Chemical) :: ['Razoxane']


abstract: Angiogenesis is necessary for the growth of @entity5 and the formation of @entity3 . It is well known that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and its receptors play a major role in this process. To date, the formation of bone @entity3 has been poorly understood. @entity5 cells must interact with the microenvironment of the bone and new blood vessels must spread. The ET/ @entity2231 (endothelin) receptor system seems to play an important role in this process. Specimens from metastatic @entity79 and non-malignant bone tissue were analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical staining. Sections were stained with antibodies against @entity2279 , @entity6758 , @entity319 , @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) and @entity2231 ( @entity2231 ). Our studies show that there is an increased microvessel density (MVD) in metastatic @entity79 from different @entity5 in contrast to normal bone tissue. In nearly all @entity5 formations of the bone, @entity2232 and its receptor @entity2231 was found by immunohistochemistry. We also performed immunohistochemical staining for the @entity7 -receptors @entity6758 and @entity319 . In conclusion, there is an increased vessel density in metastatic @entity79 in contrast to normal bone tissue. The ET/ @entity2231 system can be detected in nearly all bone specimens and is upregulated in metastatic @entity79 in contrast to healthy bone tissue.

title: Angiogenesis and the XXXX system: immunohistochemical expression analysis in bone @entity3 from patients with different @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2231 :: ('1909', 'Gene') :: ['ET(A)', 'endothelin receptor A']

answer: @entity2232 :: (1906,Gene) :: ['ET-1/ETA receptor']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate intracardiac findings near leads and causes of @entity204 in pacemaker/defibrillator @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Special autopsy was performed on 78 @entity1 deceased in a hospital. Age at @entity204 was 77.9 +/- 10.0, implantation- @entity204 interval 4.0 +/- 3.3 years, ventricular leads n = 78, and atrial leads n = 21. Thrombi along leads in brachiocephalic vein/upper caval vein (BV/UCV) were found in 22 (7), in right atrium (RA) in 11 (8), and in right ventricle (RV) in 11 cases. Bipolar lead rings were fixed by fibrous tissue in 43 (4) cases. Connective tissue bridges and tunnels were found in BV/UCV in 44 (13), in RA in 17 (15), and in RV in 68 cases, with a length of 0.2-12.0 cm. Right ventricular leads in tricuspidal orifice were fixed by fibrous tissue in 11 and penetrating chordae in 25 cases. Main causes of @entity204 were: @entity712 in 35, @entity1151 in 9, and @entity583 in 11 cases. CONCLUSION: We have found (i) thrombi on ventricular/atrial leads in 33/48%, (ii) @entity162 rings fixed by fibrous tissue in 68/22%, (iii) connective tissue bridges or tunnels in ventricle/atrium in 87/71%, and (iv) ventricular leads fixed to valve or penetrating chordae in 46% of @entity1 . We do recommend caution when extracting leads.

title: Autopsy and clinical context in deceased XXXX with implanted pacemakers and defibrillators: intracardiac findings near their leads and electrodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar lead']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: IL-12, a recently described cytokine, is an important mediator in the early production of @entity60 during @entity281 . To evaluate the timing of IL-12 production, and its relationship to @entity637 , and @entity60 production during primary @entity19 listeriosis, we measured cytokine mRNA and protein levels in C57B1/6 @entity19 infected intravenously with @entity5125 (LM). IL-12 is a @entity1520 -linked heterodimer containing two chains (designated P35 and @entity12782 ); however, bioactive cytokine production has been more closely linked with @entity12782 expression. Consequently, we monitored mRNA and protein levels of @entity12782 in the spleen as a marker for IL-12 production in vivo. Splenic @entity12782 mRNA levels (assayed using RNase protection methods) were low in uninfected animals, but increased markedly beginning 15 to 18 hr after @entity5124 . In sublethally infected animals, @entity12782 mRNA levels remained elevated for 5 days, returning to baseline with the resolution of @entity281 . @entity12782 protein (assayed using an antibody capture ELISA) could be detected in the spleens of LM-infected animals beginning around 18 hr postinfection confirming linkage between @entity12782 mRNA accumulation and the generation of a protein product. In comparing @entity12782 and @entity60 mRNA levels in vivo, we found in each case that substantial increases in mRNA accumulation did not appear until 15-18 hr postinfection. In comparable studies using BALB/c animals, cytokine production began slightly earlier (between 12 and 15 hr) but once again @entity12782 and @entity60 mRNA levels increased in a coordinated manner. @entity12782 mRNA (like @entity60 and @entity637 mRNA) only accumulated in animals infused with live, virulent bacteria. Although we could detect no obvious lag between the time of onset of IL-12 and @entity60 accumulation in vivo, infusions of anti-IL-12 antibodies markedly reduced @entity60 expression implying that IL-12 production precedes and directs @entity60 production. @entity637 production, on the other hand, was not diminished by anti-IL-12 treatment. Our studies demonstrate that IL-12 generation is an essential step in normal @entity60 production during listeriosis, and suggest that IL-12, once produced, may begin enhancing @entity60 production in vivo in less than 3 hr.

title: Analysis of the interrelationship between IL-12, XXXX , and @entity60 production during @entity19 listeriosis.

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity5124 :: ('MESH:D008088', 'Disease') :: ['LM infection']

answer: @entity637 :: (21926(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The best treatment option for primary @entity706 (PVRL) without signs of @entity149 ( @entity149 ) involvement determined on magnetic resonance imaging or in cerebrospinal fluid is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of treatment regimens used for PVRL in the prevention of subsequent @entity149 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A retrospective cohort study was conducted at 17 referral ophthalmologic centers in Europe. We reviewed clinical, laboratory, and imaging data on 78 @entity1 with PVRL who did not have @entity149 on presentation between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 2012, with a focus on the incidence of CNS manifestations during the follow-up period. INTERVENTIONS: The term extensive treatment was used for various combinations of systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy, whole-brain radiotherapy, and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Therapy to prevent @entity149 included ocular radiotherapy and/or ocular chemotherapy (group A, 31 @entity1 ), extensive systemic treatment (group B,   21 @entity1 ), and a combination of ocular and extensive treatment (group C,   23 @entity1 ); 3 @entity1 did not receive treatment. A total of 40 @entity1 received systemic chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Development of @entity149 following the diagnosis of PVRL relative to the use or nonuse of systemic chemotherapy and other treatment regimens. RESULTS: Overall, @entity149 developed in 28 of 78 @entity1 (36%) at a median follow-up of 49 months. Specifically, @entity149 developed in 10 of 31 (32%) in group A, 9 of 21 (43%) in group B, and 9 of 23 (39%) in group C. The 5-year cumulative survival rate was lower in @entity1 with @entity149 (35% [95% CI, 50% to 86%]) than in @entity1 without @entity149 (68% [95% CI, 19% to 51%]; P   =   .003) and was similar among all treatment groups (P   =   .10). Adverse systemic effects occurred in 9 of 40 (23%) @entity1 receiving systemic chemotherapy; the most common of these effects was @entity810 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In the present series of @entity1 with isolated PVRL, the use of systemic chemotherapy was not proven to prevent @entity149 and was associated with more severe adverse effects compared with local treatment.

title: Treatment strategies in primary XXXX : a 17-center European collaborative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNSL', 'central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinal lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['vitreoretinal lymphoma']


abstract: The bacterial flora and the pH of the large intestine of dysenteric @entity1707 during acute subacute and chronic phases have been submitted to quantitative and qualitative studies. The methods used are based on primary isolation and differentiation of the bacteria by the use of selective media and the subsequent differentiation using the replica plating technique. The most characteristic changes are the following:1. A significant increase of the pH of the chyme in the large intestine during acute dysentery2. A significant increase of Vibrio, @entity526 and Staphylococcus in the colon and cecum during acute dysentery.3. A significant increase of Shigella in the colon and cecum during subacute dysentery.4. The almost total disappearance of Aeromonas and of the @entity375 in the large intestine during acute, @entity102 .5. A significant @entity4005 , in the cecum, during acute @entity5163 .6. Decrease of Streptococcus in the @entity694 .7. The total quantitative flora of the large intestine do not change very much.

title: [Quantitative study of the bacterial flora of the large intestine of dysenteric XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['dysentery and of the fungi during subacute dysentery']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['subacute and chronic dysentery']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon during acute dysentery']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The genetic barrier to development of @entity5197 resistance is considered to be low, requiring at least one primary integrase mutation: @entity23513 , @entity25425 /K/R or @entity23511 to confer @entity5197 therapy failure. However, during continued @entity5197 treatment failure, additional mutations may be selected. In a @entity1 failing @entity5197 therapy, we investigated the impact of multiple integrase mutations on resistance and viral replication. Furthermore, in vivo fitness was investigated during failure of @entity5197 -containing highly active antiretroviral therapy and after @entity5197 was discontinued from the regimen. METHODS: @entity1 -derived viral integrase genes were cloned into a reference strain. These recombinant viruses were used to determine the contribution of individual integrase mutations to @entity5197 resistance and replication capacity in vitro. To determine in vivo fitness, the relative proportion of specific integrase mutations was monitored over time by in-depth clonal analysis of the viral integrase at baseline, during and after @entity5197 treatment. RESULTS: @entity5197 therapy failure was associated with the initial selection of primary resistance mutation @entity23511 . This mutation conferred a 3.8-fold reduction in @entity5197 susceptibility and a severe reduction in viral replication. Acquisition of integrase mutation @entity25426 increased resistance (6.2-fold) and partly restored viral replication. Selection of a third mutation, @entity25427 , further increased @entity5197 resistance (20-fold), but decreased viral replication. After prolonged @entity5197 interruption, @entity5197 resistance mutations were lost, demonstrating the reduced replication capacity of the resistant virus. CONCLUSIONS: We describe selection of @entity25426 as a secondary resistance mutation during @entity5197 therapy failure. In the background of @entity23511 , @entity25426 enhances @entity5197 and @entity25428 resistance and improves the impaired replication of the virus.

title: Mutation @entity25426 enhances XXXX -mediated integrase inhibitor resistance and improves viral replication capacity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity25428 :: ('MESH:C509700', 'Chemical') :: ['elvitegravir']

entities_list: @entity25426 :: ('p|SUB|Q|95|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q95K']

entities_list: @entity5197 :: ('MESH:C507898', 'Chemical') :: ['raltegravir', 'Raltegravir']

answer: @entity23511 :: (p|SUB|N|155|H,ProteinMutation) :: ['N155H']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study therapeutic effects of early stage operation for type I sacral @entity174 accompanied by @entity16 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with type II sacral @entity174 accompanied by @entity16 were reviewed in the study from March 2008 to March 2010, including 8 males and 4 females. Final diagnosis was given according to the evaluation of physical examination, @entity7994 . Operations were performed 6 to 14 days after injury, averaged 9 days. According to Denis classification of sacral @entity174 , 12 @entity1 were Type H . Eight @entity1 suffered from severe anterior sacral foramen transformation with invasion of fragments on nerve root were treated with decompression, open reduction and internal fixation. Other 4 @entity1 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. RESULTS: During the following-up period, ranging from 6 to 24 months, all the @entity1 attained bony union and 11 @entity1 got nerve function recovery to different degrees. According to criterion of Gibbons, the average preoperative score was (1.50 +/- 0.67); the average postoperative score was(2.67 +/- 0.49); there were statistically significant differences in the above index between preoperation and postoperation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Early stage operation for type II sacral @entity174 accompanied by @entity16 usually achieves satisfactory results.

title: [Study on early stage operation for Denis II sacral XXXX accompanied by @entity16 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between symptoms of @entity788 and quality of life of @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty inpatients with @entity788 from 3 Guangzhou hospitals between June 2007 and October 2008 were enrolled. Hamilton rating scale for @entity308 -24 (HAMD-24) questionnaire was used to assess the degree of @entity308 . Quality of Life (QoL) was evaluated by European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and QLQ-PAN-26 respectively. RESULTS: Thirty-nine (78.0%) of these @entity1 reported @entity308 and 12 @entity1 (30.8%) had severe @entity308 . The incidence of @entity308 in @entity788 @entity1 with chemotherapy was 92.3% (24/26), which was significantly higher than that of @entity1 with surgical therapy (62.5%, 15/24) (P = 0. 011). The QoL of @entity788 @entity1 with @entity308 in role functioning, emotional functioning and social functioning was significantly worse than that of @entity1 without @entity308 . The symptoms of @entity1295 , @entity158 and @entity1277 in @entity788 @entity1 with @entity308 were significantly more than those without @entity308 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 are common @entity132 in @entity788 @entity1 . Moreover, @entity308 significantly lowers quality of life for @entity788 @entity1 .

title: [Relationship between symptoms of XXXX and quality of life of @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer-related depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disturbance']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer-related depression']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate extracellular matrix turnover throughout the body, including in renal glomeruli. We investigated protein levels of multiple MMPs ( @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity1549 , and @entity1495 ) and @entity2843 in glomeruli and investigated whether disease phenotypes were associated with levels of these proteins. Renal cortex was collected from 100 adult autopsy subjects arrayed across 17 tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemical staining intensity for each MMP and @entity2843 was determined using quantitative color deconvolution techniques. We observed significantly decreased glomerular @entity3334 and @entity2843 staining in subjects with @entity6 , @entity101 , and an estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) in univariate analyses. @entity3334 staining, but not @entity2843 staining, was inversely correlated with @entity8 (r = -0.40). In multivariable analysis, @entity6 was robustly associated with decreased staining intensity. This study indicates that in @entity1 subjects, the long-term sequelae of diseases such as @entity6 that cause @entity177 result in decreased @entity2843 and @entity3334 proteins in renal glomeruli. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org. Please visit this article online to view these materials.

title: Glomerular protein levels of @entity3334 are lower in XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['increased glomerular fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: AIMS: This study compared the characteristics of intravenous (i.v.) and intranasal (i.n.) @entity4521 users seeking @entity284 treatment, and their response to treatment. @entity1 : A total of 319 @entity4521 -dependent adults. DESIGN: @entity1 were assigned randomly to receive interim @entity284 treatment or to a waiting list control on a 3 : 2 basis. Analyses were conducted by dividing @entity1 into two groups based on their route of @entity4521 ingestion: i.v. or i.n. SETTING: A @entity284 clinic in Baltimore City, Maryland. INTERVENTION: Interim @entity284 treatment consisted of providing an adequate and stable dose of @entity284 , but no psychosocial services, to @entity4521 -dependent adults for up to 120 days while they awaited an opening for comprehensive @entity284 treatment. MEASURES: Addiction Severity Index, Texas Christian University AIDS Risk Assessment, a questionnaire on treatment entry and a urine drug test were collected at baseline and at entry into a comprehensive treatment program, or at 120 days after baseline assessment, whichever came first. FINDINGS: At baseline, over 60% of @entity1 were i.n. users and had been for an average of over 12 years; i.v. users, compared to i.n. users, were more likely to have ever used @entity2072 , to have used @entity2072 in the past 30 days, to have more medical complications and to report more income generated from criminal behavior. Both i.v. and i.n. users reduced their self-reported days of @entity4521 use, @entity2072 use and days of criminal activity in response to interim @entity284 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Despite differences in baseline characteristics, i.n. and i.v. @entity4521 -dependent individuals did not differ in their response to interim @entity284 treatment.

title: Intravenous and intranasal XXXX -dependent treatment-seekers: characteristics and treatment outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity4521 :: (MESH:D003932,Chemical) :: ['heroin']


abstract: The partial sequence of a gene encoding the @entity1473 terminus of a protein of apparent molecular weight of 160 kD associated with the flagellum of trypomastigotes of @entity1527 (FL-160 now renamed to FL-160-1) has been previously reported. The @entity1473 terminus of FL-160-1 has an epitope, defined by 12 @entity1522 , which molecularly miMics a nervous tissue antigen of 48 kD found in myenteric @entity1930 , and a subset of cells in the central nervous system. We now report that FL-160 is a family of highly related genes. The sequence has been determined for the entire open reading frame (ORF) of one of the members of the FL-160 gene family (FL-160-2) and three other partial ORFs. Sequence analysis reveals the various members of the FL-160 gene family to be approximately 80% homologous in the predicted @entity535 sequence, but all retain the 12- @entity535 molecular mimicry epitope on the @entity1473 terminus. Comparison of the sequence of FL-160-2 to other sequences demonstrates @entity535 homology to bacterial sialidase (27%), members of the SA85 gene family (25-30%) and the shed acute-phase antigen/neuraminidase/trans-sialidase gene family (25-30%). Quantitative hybridization at high stringency suggests 750 copies of FL-160 are present in the DNA of each parasite. Reverse transcription and sequence analysis demonstrates that at least five of the members of the FL-160 gene family are transcribed. The @entity2733 terminus of one of the FL-160 gene products was expressed and antibodies prepared. Antibodies directed to either the @entity1473 or the @entity2733 terminus of FL-160 bind a 160-kD @entity1527 protein. Both antibodies bind the surface membrane in the flagellar pocket of the trypomastigote. Antibodies to the @entity2733 terminus bind epineurium and scattered linear densities in sciatic nerve in a pattern distinct from the pattern with antibodies to the @entity1473 terminus. Thus, there are at least two distinct molecular mimicry epitopes on the FL-160 molecule and both mimic epitopes found in nervous tissues. FL-160 may be involved in the generation of autoimmunity to nervous tissues by molecular mimicry, observed in chronic @entity1526 .

title: FL-160 proteins of XXXX are expressed from a multigene family and contain two distinct epitopes that mimic nervous tissues.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['plexus, sciatic nerve']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to characterize the functional nature of the reentrant tract responsible for @entity1165 due to @entity741 . BACKGROUND: A zone of slow conduction forming the return path is though to form a critical component of the reentrant mechanism in @entity1165 . Despite its importance, detailed knowledge of the return path is rare in clinical studies. METHODS: Multielectrode arrays were used intraoperatively to obtain unipolar and high gain bipolar recordings of left ventricular endocardium in @entity1 undergoing map-directed surgical ablation of @entity1165 . A total of 224 local electrograms were analyzed for each @entity591 . RESULTS: Of 10 consecutive @entity1 undergoing intraoperative cardiac mapping, detailed recording of the return tracts of eight @entity1165 were obtained in three @entity1 . The recordings demonstrated that return tracts can be complex and extensive, with multiple paths of entry and exit. Potential and actual alternate paths were observed. Spontaneous and induced block occurred within portions of the complex. Intermittent block in one of two paths of entry resulted in intermittent cycle length changes of the @entity591 without a change in configuration. Block in one exit path resulted in a shift to alternative exit paths, with dramatic changes in ventricular activation and @entity591 configuration. Termination of the @entity591 could result from block close to the entrant or exit portion of the return tract. Different @entity591 were seen to share common portions of a return tract. CONCLUSIONS: These observations enlarge and extend our knowledge of the functional repertoire of complex reentrant tracts that occur in @entity1188 -related @entity1165 . The use of common portions of a reentrant tract by several @entity591 is confirmed. Utilization of alternate pathways can account for changes in configuration and cycle length. Spontaneous and induced block can occur at points of entry and exit in a reentrant tract and may identify optimal targets for ablation attempts. Further advances will require greater emphasis on diastolic activation mapping.

title: Endocardial mapping of @entity1165 in the intact XXXX ventricle. III. Evidence of multiuse reentry with spontaneous and induced block in portions of reentrant path complex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7364 is considered a major symptom of unilateral vocal fold @entity912 (UVFP). Besides this, many @entity1 complain of further symptoms such as @entity1282 and @entity1353 , which might not be expected to such an extent. The aim of this survey was to elucidate these symptoms in a cohort of @entity1 with UVFP. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 (22 @entity1 , 41 @entity1 ) suffering from UVFP were interviewed. Therefore we developed a questionnaire dealing with each of the three symptom categories: voice production, swallowing and breathing. RESULTS: All of the surveyed @entity1 reported @entity73 , almost 60% complained of swallowing problems after the onset of @entity912 . Seventy-five percent reported a subjectively impaired breathing sensation, not just phonatory @entity1353 but during everyday physical activity as well. DISCUSSION: Our study revealed a certain discrepancy between objectively assessed laryngoscopic findings and subjective symptoms. A majority of @entity1 suffered from an impairment in each of the three laryngeal functions ( @entity7364 , @entity1282 and @entity1353 ). The latter two differ from the classic approach to this condition but must be considered as well in clinical diagnostics and therapy.

title: Subjective breathing impairment in unilateral vocal fold XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['voice impairment']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia', 'Dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ), termed ripples (80-200 Hz) and fast ripples (250-600 Hz), are recorded in the EEG of @entity302 @entity1 and in @entity302 models; @entity2198 are thought to reflect pathological activity and @entity410 onset zones. Here, we analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution of interictal spikes with and without @entity2198 in the @entity35 @entity2134 model of @entity1315 . Depth electrode recordings from dentate gyrus (DG), @entity1251 region, subiculum and entorhinal cortex (EC), were obtained from @entity35 between the 4th and 15th day after a @entity159 ( @entity159 ) induced by i.p. injection of @entity2134 . The first @entity410 occurred 6.1    2.5 days after @entity159 (n = 7 @entity35 ). Five of 7 animals exhibited interictal spikes that co-occurred with fast ripples accounting for 4.9    4.6% of all analyzed interictal spikes (n = 12,886) while all @entity35 showed interictal spikes co-occurring with ripples, accounting for 14.3    3.4% of all events. Increased rates of interictal spikes without @entity2198 in the EC predicted upcoming @entity410 on the following day, while rates of interictal spikes with fast ripples in @entity1251 reflected periods of high @entity410 occurrence. Finally, interictal spikes co-occurring with ripples did not show any specific relation to @entity410 occurrence. Our findings identify different temporal and spatial developmental patterns for the rates of interictal spikes with or without @entity2198 in relation with @entity410 occurrence. These distinct categories of interictal spikes point at dynamic processes that should bring neuronal networks close to @entity410 generation.

title: High-frequency (80-500 Hz) oscillations and epileptogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['HFOs', 'High-frequency oscillations']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'animal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of two approaches to ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) for postoperative analgesia after @entity572 ( @entity572 ). METHODS: Approved by the Peking University Third Hospital ethics committee, Sixty @entity1 undergoing selective total hip replacement in Peking Third Hospital during Oct. 2013 to May. 2014 were included. Before induction of general anethesia, ultrasound-guided FICB were administered. According to probe parallel to the inguinal ligament or perpendicular to the inguinal ligament, @entity1 were randomly divided into the Parallel group and the Perpendicular group. Both groups was administered an equal volume mixture of 1% @entity1342 and 1% @entity3303 , 30 ml in total. All @entity1 received @entity681 postoperative intravenous analgesia after surgery. Time to ultrasonic imaging, time to perform the block and total blocking time were recorded. Loss of sensation in the distribution areas of the femoral nerve and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve within 30 mins were recorded. @entity1 were interviewed at 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 h after block for @entity158 intensity, time of first using PCA, @entity681 consumption and @entity1109 due to the block. The occurrence of adverse events ( @entity390 , @entity391 , respiratory inhibition, @entity111 or urinary retention) was also recorded. RESULTS: The imaging time of the Parallel group was shorter than the Perpendicular group [(3.1    1.2) min vs (5.0    1.7) min, t = -5.128, P < 0.05)], and performance time of the Parallel group was shorter than the Perpendicular group [(5.2    1.3) min vs (7.1    2.0) min, t = -4.376, P < 0.05)]. The successful rate for femoral @entity616 was 100% both in 2 groups, while the successful rate for lateral femoral cutaneous @entity616 in the Perpendicular group was 100%, and 83.3% in the Parallel group (  (2) = 5.455, P < 0.05). The block rates for lateral femoral cutaneous nerve at 4, 8, 12 h after block in the Perpendicular group was higher than the Parallel group (P < 0.05). The consumption of @entity681 in the Parallel group was significantly higher than the Perpendicular group at 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 h after block (P < 0.05). There were no statistically differences in postoperative @entity158 score, time of first using PCA, incidence of complications and @entity1 's satisfaction score between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Comparing the two approaches to ultrasound-guided FICB, ultrasonic probe perpendicular to the inguinal ligament may offer better blocking effect of lateral cutaneous nerve and reduce postoperative @entity681 consumption, and might be more suitable for analgesic after @entity572 .

title: [A comparison of two approaches to ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block for analgesia after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['loss of skin sensation']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['total hip arthroplasty']


abstract: It has been hypothesized that poor semen quality, @entity5 , undescended testis, and @entity2650 are symptoms of one underlying entity--the @entity10523 --leading to increasing male fertility impairment. Though @entity5 has increased in many Western countries during the past 40 years, @entity2650 rates have not changed with certainty over the same period. Also, recent studies demonstrate that sperm output may have declined in certain areas of Europe but is probably not declining across the globe as indicated by American studies. However, at the same time, there is increasing recognition of @entity4810 related to @entity28 and smoking. There is no certain evidence that the rates of undescended testes have been increasing with time during the last 50 years. In more than 95% of the cases, @entity2650 is not associated with @entity246 , suggesting major differences in pathogenesis. @entity5028 may occasionally cause both @entity246 and @entity2650 , as it is also the case in many other @entity600 . The findings of early orchidopexy lowering the risk of both @entity249 and @entity5 suggest that the abnormal location exposes the cryptorchid testis to @entity249 and malignant transformation, rather than there being a primary abnormality. Statistically, 5% of @entity5 only are caused by @entity246 . These data point to the complexity of pathogenic and epidemiologic features of each component and the difficulties in ascribing them to a single unifying process, such as @entity10523 , particularly when so little is known of the actual mechanisms of disease.

title: What is new in @entity246 and @entity2650 --a critical review on the XXXX hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['testicular dysgenesis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancers', 'testicular cancer', 'testis cancer']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['Placental abnormality']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

answer: @entity10523 :: (MESH:D013733,Disease) :: ['testicular dysgenesis']


abstract: Closure of @entity154 with @entity717 flaps was studied in 10 @entity1 with 11 @entity154 . Ages ranged from 15 to 66 years, and the average defect was 3.0 X 3.6 cm. Two @entity1 were @entity6 . Etiology was variable and included @entity130 , @entity5 , and breakdown in @entity1 with anesthetic plantar surfaces. Plantar flaps were designed superficial to the @entity1411 based on the proximal plantar subcutaneous plexus blood supply. Sensation was provided by including the medial calcaneal nerve territory within the flap and by performing a limited intraneural dissection of the medial and @entity4957 . Flaps were medially based, although laterally based designs are also possible when sensation is absent. The follow-up period averaged 20.8 months. @entity1 with normal sensation preoperatively had full sensation postoperatively and were able to bear weight on the flap without limitation. There was minor breakdown in one @entity1 with incomplete sensation. One @entity1 developed a @entity1410 . @entity1109 can be designed superficial to the @entity1411 . These flaps are durable and allow normal weight-bearing on the reconstructed surface.

title: Anatomic basis of XXXX design: clinical applications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['plantar defects']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Sensate plantar flaps']

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['lateral plantar nerves']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['local rotation']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fascia']

answer: @entity1411 :: (MESH:D016523,Disease) :: ['plantar flap']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dizziness has a clear impact on quality of life of @entity1 . Standardized instruments such as the "Dizziness Handicap Inventory" (DHI) help clinicians assess this impact systematically. The purpose of this study was to analyse the psychometric quality of a German version of the DHI. METHODS: One hundred and five @entity1 with @entity1296 as their primary complaint have completed the DHI and undergone vestibular examination. The structure of the DHI was determined with a factor analysis, a principal component analysis with a Varimax rotation. To evaluate the reliability, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was estimated. RESULTS: A three-factor solution was extracted. The factors obtained from the German version of the DHI related to (1) activity and participation limitations (2) emotional problems and (3) motion sensitivity in everyday life of @entity1 . Overall, there was a close correspondence of the factors of the German and the original version. The correlation analysis indicated a close relationship between the DHI-scores and the frequency of @entity1296 attacks. CONCLUSION: The German version of the DHI exhibited a multidimensional structure and good psychometric quality to assess the impact of @entity1296 in every day life.

title: [The ' XXXX handicap inventory': initial psychometric evaluation of the German version].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity1296 :: (MESH:D004244,Disease) :: ['dizziness']


abstract: AIMS: The primary aim was to assess long-term blood pressure in 110 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who had achieved optimal blood pressure control during attendance at a protocol-based nurse-led @entity101 intensive intervention clinic 7 years previously. The secondary aim was to assess modifiable @entity65 factor status. METHODS: One hundred and ten @entity1 who attended the clinic during 2000-2002 were selected to reattend to have their blood pressure measured to the same standard as it was during the intensive intervention clinic, by the same specialist nurse. Treatment details were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 110 @entity1 , 36 (33%) had died; 69 (63%) of the remaining 74 @entity1 were eligible to be contacted by letter; and 35 (51%) agreed to reattend. Age was 70 +/- 9 years; 21 (60%) were male; and the duration of @entity6 was 17 +/- 7 years. Compared with 7 years previously, there was no difference in blood pressure control (systolic 130 +/- 17 vs. 131 +/- 16 mmHg, P = 0.62; diastolic 68 +/- 9 vs. 65 +/- 9 mmHg, P = 0.11). The number of @entity1 with blood pressure <130/80 mmHg remained the same: 17 (49%) vs. 17 (49%; P > 0.99). During the 7 year period, 14 (40%) vs. 20 (57%) had @entity66 (P = 0.23), and 14 (40%) vs. 19 (54%) microvascular disease (P = 0.33). Thirteen (37%) vs. 18 (51%) were taking three or more antihypertensive drugs (P = 0.33), and 26 (74%) vs. 28 (80%) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (P = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS: Optimal blood pressure control was sustained with no significant changes to antihypertensive medication, demonstrating the effectiveness of a protocol-based nurse-led clinic in achieving strict BP control.

title: Nurse-led clinics for strict XXXX control are effective long term: a 7 year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: We retrospectively analyzed all @entity1 with @entity791 -related @entity2826 ( @entity791 -KS) seen at one large California medical center to delineate factors that may have contributed to a relative decline in survival. METHODS: Potential prognostic factors were analyzed individually, using the @entity797 proportional hazards regression model, for their association with survival. After a stepwise @entity797 regression procedure was applied to those factors that showed a significant effect on survival, a subset of factors that best predicted survival was identified. We then quantified the effect of the year of diagnosis on survival using a univariate @entity797 model. Next, we combined the year of diagnosis with the subset of prognostic factors previously identified into the @entity797 model to examine survival after adjustment for the prognostic factors. Survival distribution was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the 95% confidence interval for the median survival was computed using the modified reflected method. RESULTS: In 688 @entity1 , we identified four baseline variables that best predicted survival: CD4 cell number, hematocrit, number of @entity75 , and body mass index (BMI). Adjusted for these predictive factors, there was a significant improvement in survival for @entity1 with @entity791 -KS over the last 6 years. CONCLUSION: Contrary to prior reports, survival has increased for @entity1 with @entity791 -KS. The apparent increase in observed mortality is most likely due to a decline in the CD4 cell number at presentation.

title: Improved survival for @entity1 with @entity791 -related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['KS lesions']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['Kaposi's sarcoma']


abstract: We examined the effects of age and of increasing concentrations of @entity251 on the wet weight, protein content, cell number, and cell size of the ventral, dorsal, and lateral lobes of the Brown @entity35 prostate. Young (3 mo of age) and aged (15, 17, and 21 mo of age) @entity35 received implants of increasing sizes of @entity251 -filled Silastic capsules for 3 mo. Wet weights of the prostate were the same in untreated young (6-mo-old) and aged (18-24-mo-old) @entity35 . @entity251 administration resulted in serum @entity251 concentrations ranging from physiologic to superphysiologic. Dose-dependent increases in wet weights and protein contents were seen in the ventral, dorsal, and lateral prostatic lobes of both young and aged @entity35 . For each given dose of @entity251 , including doses that resulted in serum @entity251 concentrations within the physiologic range, the weights and protein contents of the dorsal and lateral lobes were greater in old (24-mo-old) than in young (6-mo-old) @entity35 , indicating an effect of age in these lobes. In contrast, ventral prostate weights and protein contents increased equivalently in young and aged @entity35 with increasing @entity251 concentration. DNA content, a measure of cell number, increased significantly in the dorsal and lateral lobes as a function of @entity251 dose and age, but in the ventral lobe did not differ with @entity251 dose or age. Quantitative morphologic analyses showed significant @entity1184 of epithelial cells throughout each of the three lobes in both young and aged @entity35 treated with @entity251 . Taken together, these results indicate that the prostate of Brown @entity35 shows age and lobe-specific responses to @entity342 with respect to wet weight, protein content, cell number, and cell morphology.

title: Age- and lobe-specific responses of the brown @entity35 prostate to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Norway rats', 'Norway rat', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: AIM: The aim was to examine the anti-proliferative effect of a Withania somnifera (WS) root extract in cell cultures and nude @entity19 xenografts of @entity0 cell line MDA-MB-231. METHODS: WS root extract was used to treat @entity5 cells at concentrations up to 100   g and for nude @entity19 experiments, the @entity19 received daily WS at 300 mg/kg by oral gavage for 8 weeks. RESULTS: The WS extract reduced viability of MDA-MB-231 cells by 75% and 88% after exposure of the cells to 50 and 100   g/mL, respectively, compared to vehicle-treated controls. WS extract caused a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of cells in the sub-G1 phase compared to untreated controls by 6% and 10% after exposure to 25 and 50   g/mL WS extract, respectively. WS extract also inhibited proliferation of xenografted MDA-MB-231 cells. The WS extract caused reductions in xenograft size by 60% compared to the untreated control after 8 weeks of treatment. Six of ten @entity19 in the control group showed @entity5 @entity3 to the lung, whereas there was none in the @entity19 treated with the WS extract. At the gene level, WS caused a 75% reduction in chemokine @entity1750 expression (P < 0.05) in the xenografted @entity5 of the treated @entity19 . CONCLUSION: WS root extract inhibited proliferation of @entity0 cells in vitro and in vivo and significantly reduced expression of the cytokine, @entity1750 . These results warrant further studies to assess the underlying molecular mechanism of the anti- @entity5 activity of the WS extract in @entity0 .

title: Withania somnifera extract reduces the invasiveness of @entity0 and inhibits cytokines associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity1808 is considered to have angiogenic properties. Nevertheless, several authors reported an increase in coronary capillary density after treatment with @entity1811 inhibitors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with low doses of @entity1811 inhibitor @entity4687 , low doses of the diuretic @entity7486 , or a combination of the two on microvascular structure in hearts from @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR-sp). Young adult male SHR treated with @entity7486 (0.24 mg/kg/day), @entity4687 (0.76 mg/kg/day), or both were compared with untreated animals after 8 or 14 weeks of treatment. Survival of SHR-sp was significantly increased after treatment. Only @entity4687 alone or in combination with @entity7486 significantly decreased blood pressure and cardiac mass. Treatment also significantly increased capillary and myocyte densities but arteriolar density tended to decrease. External and internal diameters significantly increased in treated animals while arteriolar thickness remained the same. Thus, thickness in vessels of the same size was the greatest in untreated animals, followed by @entity7486 - and @entity4687 -treated @entity35 with the thinnest walls in @entity35 with combined treatment, and the treatment resulted in a significant increase in the lumen to wall ratio. Capillary and arteriolar growth responses in treated animals seem to indicate that the two are independently regulated processes. Treatment with @entity7486 alone at this dosage did not significantly influence most responses but in combination with @entity4687 it strengthened the effect of @entity4687 .

title: The effect of treatment with low dose @entity1811 inhibitor and/or diuretic on coronary microvasculature in XXXX -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7486 :: ('MESH:D007190', 'Chemical') :: ['indapamide']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study aimed to examine the correlation of D-dimer levels with the @entity1 -Pugh and MELD scores, as well as to determine the predictive ability of D-dimer level for the in-hospital mortality of liver @entity82 @entity1 . All cirrhotic @entity1 who were consecutively admitted to our hospital between January 2011 and June 2014, and underwent D-dimer tests on admission were retrospectively analyzed. Pearson's   (2) tests were employed to evaluate the correlations of D-dimer levels with @entity1 -Pugh and MELD scores. In addition, receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was employed to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of D-dimer levels for predicting the in-hospital mortality. In total, 703 cirrhotic @entity1 were included in the study, with an in-hospital mortality of 5.4% (38/703). The D-dimer levels were correlated with @entity1 -Pugh (correlation coefficient, 0.219; P<0.001) and MELD scores (correlation coefficient, 0.207; P<0.001). The highest D-dimer level was observed in the @entity1 -Pugh class C @entity1 , followed by the class B and A @entity1 . Furthermore, D-dimer was significantly higher in the MELD score >15 group compared with the MELD score <15 group. The area under the ROC of D-dimer levels for predicting the in-hospital mortality of liver @entity82 was 0.729 (P<0.0001), while the best cut-off D-dimer value was 0.28   g/ml with a sensitivity of 86.84% and a specificity of 49.17%. In conclusion, the D-dimer level is significantly associated with the degree of @entity409 . Therefore, D-dimer testing could be employed for the prognostic stratification of liver @entity82 .

title: D-dimer level for predicting the in-hospital mortality in liver XXXX : A retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Child']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: The present study examined the antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract from Melissa officinalis L. and of the @entity10419 in chemical behavioral models of nociception and investigates some of the mechanisms underlying this effect. The extract (3-1000 mg/kg), given orally (p.o.) 1 h prior to testing, produced dose-dependent inhibition of @entity1543 -induced @entity3825 , with ID50 value of 241.9 mg/kg. In the formalin test, the extract (30-1000 mg/kg, p.o.) also caused significant inhibition of both, the early ( @entity158 ) and the late ( @entity158 ), phases of @entity406 -induced licking. The extract (10-1000 mg/kg, p.o.) also caused significant and dose-dependent inhibition of @entity2227 -induced @entity158 , with ID50 value of 198.5 mg/kg. Furthermore, the @entity10419 (0.3-3 mg/kg), given p.o. 1 h prior, produced dose-related inhibition of @entity2227 -induced @entity158 , with ID50 value of 2.64 mg/kg. The antinociception caused by the extract (100 mg/kg, p.o.) in the @entity2227 test was significantly attenuated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment of @entity19 with @entity3897 (1 mg/kg), @entity6959 (2 mg/kg) or @entity534 (40 mg/kg). In contrast, the extract (100 mg/kg, p.o.) antinociception was not affected by i.p. treatment with @entity1510 (1 mg/kg) or @entity10834 (40 mg/kg). It was also not associated with non-specific effects, such as @entity121 or sedation. Collectively, the present results suggest that the extract produced dose-related antinociception in several models of @entity158 through mechanisms that involved cholinergic systems (i.e. through muscarinic and nicotinic @entity934 receptors) and the @entity534 - @entity842 pathway. In addition, the @entity10419 contained in this plant appears to contribute for the antinociceptive property of the extract. Moreover, the antinociceptive action demonstrated in the present study supports, at least partly, the ethnomedical uses of this plant.

title: Mechanisms involved in the antinociception caused by ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity10834 :: ('CHEBI:15816', 'Chemical') :: ['D-arginine']

entities_list: @entity10419 :: ('MESH:C041376', 'Chemical') :: ['rosmarinic acid']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['l-arginine', 'L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'chemical pain', 'neurogenic pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate, in a prospective trial, a new combination chemotherapy specifically designed for elderly @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From October 1988 to December 1990, 60 previously untreated @entity1 older than 60 years of age with aggressive @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) were treated at our institution with a new weekly alternating six-drug chemotherapy regimen, P-VABEC. The schedule consisted of @entity632 , @entity2879 , and @entity786 alternated weekly with @entity1891 and @entity1732 . Oral @entity229 was administered daily during the entire treatment period. Twenty-six of 60 @entity1 were treated for a total of eight courses and 34 of 60 for 12 courses. RESULTS: A total of 45 @entity1 (75%) achieved a complete response (CR), 10 (17%) a partial response (PR), and five (8%) no response. So far, 20 of 45 CR @entity1 have relapsed, four of 10 PR @entity1 have progressed, and three @entity1 have died while in CR. Twenty-eight @entity1 are still alive and responding (22 CRs, six PRs) after a median follow-up of 25 months. The projected overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and event-free survival (EFS) rates at 2 years were 64%, 57%, and 55%, respectively. The outcome of @entity1 treated with eight courses was similar to that of those who received 12 courses of P-VABEC in terms of CR rate and actuarial curves of OS, DFS, and EFS. @entity1503 was mild in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The P-VABEC regimen is active, well tolerated, and one of the briefest first-line chemotherapy regimens so far reported in the treatment of elderly @entity1 with @entity1893 . However, prospective randomized trials are needed to establish the real advantage of this regimen compared with other standard chemotherapy regimens.

title: P-VABEC: a prospective study of a new weekly chemotherapy regimen for elderly aggressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL', 'aggressive NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing use of transradial techniques for cardiac percutaneous procedures, none of the strategies commonly utilized for hemostasis has been able to reduce the occurrence of @entity432 ( @entity432 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of 24-hour @entity432 and the rate of @entity548 of a novel hemostatic device for radial closure after percutaneous interventions, in adjunct to short-time compression. METHODS: Once the radial access was obtained, @entity1 were randomized to 3 different strategies of radial closure: a short compression with the QuikClot   Interventional    pad (Z-Medica Corporation, Wallingford, CT, USA) (15 minutes, group 1), a short compression (15 minutes, group 2), and a conventional prolonged compression (2 hours, group 3) both without QuikClot   utilization. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 in group 1, 20 in group 2, and 50 in group 3 were enrolled. The three groups were homogenous for baseline and procedural characteristics. None of @entity1 in group 1 developed @entity432 , 1 (5%) occurred in group 2, and 5 (10%) in group 3 (P = 0.05). Active @entity548 after compression removal occurred in 10 @entity1 (20%) in group 1, 18 (90%) in group 2, and 1 (2%) in group 3 (P < 0.001). Among @entity1 in group 1, at univariate analysis, the predictors of @entity548 resulted in chronic therapy with @entity1397 (Odds Ratio 28.78, 95% Confidence Intervals 4.79-172.82, P < 0.001) and high levels of activated clotting time (ACT) at the time of sheath removal (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03, P = 0.009). At ROC analysis, the cutoff value of ACT for the risk of @entity548 with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 75% was 287 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: Early sheet removal and short-time compression with QuikClot   Interventional    can reduce the rate of @entity432 after diagnostic or interventional procedures especially in @entity1 not on double antiplatelet therapy.

title: Randomized clinical trial on short-time compression with Kaolin-filled pad: a new strategy to avoid early XXXX and subacute @entity432 after percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['radial artery occlusion', 'RAO']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'acute bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements are used as PCR targets for detection of @entity41 ( @entity41 ) in @entity981 ( @entity981 ). We investigated the occurrence of monoclonal immunoglobulin kappa-deleting element ( @entity1016 -Kde) rearrangements by Southern blotting and PCR/heteroduplex analysis at diagnosis, their stability at relapse, and their applicability in real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) analysis. In 77 selected @entity1 with precursor-B- @entity981 , Southern blotting detected 122 @entity1016 -Kde rearrangements, 12 of which were derived from subclones in six @entity1 (8%). PCR/heteroduplex analysis with BIOMED-1 Concerted Action primers identified 100 of the 110 major @entity1016 -Kde rearrangements (91%). Comparison between diagnosis and relapse samples from 21 @entity1 with PCR-detectable @entity1016 -Kde rearrangements (using Southern blotting, PCR/heteroduplex analysis, and sequencing) demonstrated that 27 of the 32 rearrangements remained stable at relapse. When @entity1 with oligoclonal @entity1016 -Kde rearrangements were excluded, 25 of the 27 rearrangements remained stable at relapse and at least one stable rearrangement was present in 17 of the 18 @entity1 . Subsequently, RQ-PCR analysis with allele-specific forward primers, a germline Kde TaqMan-probe, and a germline Kde reverse primer was evaluated for 18 @entity1016 -Kde rearrangements. In 16 of the 18 targets (89%) a sensitivity of < or =10(-4) was reached. Analysis of @entity41 during follow-up of eight @entity1 with @entity1016 -Kde rearrangements showed comparable results between RQ-PCR data and classical dot-blot data. We conclude that the frequently occurring @entity1016 -Kde rearrangements are generally detectable by PCR (90%) and are highly stable @entity41 -PCR targets, particularly where monoclonal rearrangements at diagnosis (95%) are concerned. Furthermore, most @entity1016 -Kde rearrangements (90%) can be used for sensitive detection of @entity41 (< or =10(-4)) by RQ-PCR analysis.

title: Immunoglobulin kappa deleting element rearrangements in precursor-B @entity981 are stable targets for detection of XXXX by real-time quantitative PCR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['minimal residual disease']


abstract: A cell-maceration/scanning electron microscope (SEM) method was employed to demonstrate the collagen sheath around follicles (perifollicular sheath) of the @entity1 thyroid gland and its disorders. In the normal thyroid gland, the follicles were surrounded by spherical collagen sheaths composed of a framework of thick collagen bands 1-5 microns in width and fine solitary collagen fibrils 50-70 nm in diameter. In benign @entity1374 ( @entity2743 , @entity2621 and @entity5651 ), the perifollicular sheaths differed in size and in shape according to the disease, but they were always composed of thick collagen bands and fine fibrils as in the normal thyroid. On the other hand, the spaces surrounded by the perifollicular sheaths varied markedly in size in @entity652 , were small in oxyphilic adenoma, and irregularly shaped in @entity652 . In all these @entity652 , the perifollicular sheaths were mainly composed of fine fibrils 35-45 nm in diameter. In @entity189 , the size and shape of the space surrounded by the perifollicular sheaths were irregular. In @entity4937 , the collagen sheaths showed a papillary pattern. In @entity189 , @entity5 nests were surrounded by well developed collagen sheaths. In all these @entity189 , the collagen sheaths were mainly composed of fine collagen fibrils 32-45 nm in diameter. In @entity652 and @entity189 , the perifollicular sheaths frequently had large holes through which the spaces surrounded by the collagen sheaths connected to each other. Such holes were, however, rare in the normal thyroid and benign non-neoplastic @entity1374 .

title: Scanning electron microscopic study of the collagen sheath of the XXXX thyroid gland and its disorders.

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'follicular carcinoma', 'medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous goiter']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['follicular adenoma', 'adenomas', 'embryonal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcomes for @entity1 with @entity55 ( @entity55 ) treated completely in a @entity580 ( @entity580 ) setting with those of @entity1 treated in a traditional hospital ward. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING AND @entity1 : All @entity1 admitted by the Royal Melbourne Hospital for treatment of @entity55 from 1 July 2013 to 31 January 2014. INTERVENTION: Admission to the Royal Melbourne Hospital @entity580 Unit within 48 hours of presentation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of stay, in-hospital and 30-day mortality, hospital readmissions (30-day), complications and unplanned returns to hospital. RESULTS: Sixty @entity580 @entity1 and 54 hospital (control) @entity1 were identified. Thirty-two @entity1 (53%) were admitted directly to @entity580 without any hospital or emergency stay, 25 (42%) were referred directly from the emergency department. @entity580 @entity1 were more likely to be male, older and dehydrated, and less likely to have an advanced care directive or to have had non-invasive ventilation. There were no significant differences in CURB-65 or CORB scores between the two @entity1 groups; similar proportions were given intravenous fluids or supplemental @entity26 . There were no adjusted differences in median length of stay between @entity580 and control @entity1 (-1.00 days; 95% CI, -2.72 to 0.72; P =  0.252) or in overall mortality at 30 days ( @entity580 v control @entity1 : adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.97; 95% CI, 0.67-5.73). Inpatient mortality was lower for @entity580 @entity1 (aOR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05-0.75) but unadjusted postdischarge 30-day mortality was higher (OR, 13.25; 95% CI 1.67-105.75). There were no differences between the two groups with regard to complications (falls and pressure wounds) and 30-day readmission rates (aOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.30-8.53). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that @entity580 may be an effective and safe alternative to hospital treatment for residents of aged care facilities presenting with @entity55 .

title: The treatment of XXXX using a medically intensive @entity580 service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital in the Home', 'HITH']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['nursing home-acquired pneumonia', 'NHAP']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['nursing home-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: This review outlines the present knowledge of the rationales, clinical aspects, and perspectives of a therapy with recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (rhGH) in adults. In @entity1 with @entity4614 the effects of rhGH replacement have been extensively studied. Recent clinical trials show that rhGH treatment improves most alterations of body composition and psychological performance, but many of the metabolic actions of GH remain equivocal. Although side effects after short-term administration are usually mild, the risks of severe long-term adverse effects are still uncertain. A supplementation with rhGH is also suggestive in advanced age and @entity28 , but the clinical results are controversial so far. The anabolic actions of rhGH were exploited in several recent trials including @entity1 who were severely ill, malnourished, on chronic haemodialysis, or on total parenteral nutrition. Although @entity1568 -sparing effects of GH have been demonstrated in most cases, the data do not indicate a clinical benefit in terms of reduced mortality, improved outcome, or accelerated recovery. Therefore, recommendations for the use of rhGH do not have any rationale in these @entity1 yet. The efficacy of rhGH in the treatment of reproductive or @entity1200 remains elusive and needs further investigation. In conclusion, the application of rhGH is still an experimental therapy which should be performed under close observation in well-controlled clinical studies.

title: XXXX therapy in adults: rationales, results, and perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological disorders']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['Growth hormone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 312 Background: @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is rare and there is no standard treatment strategy for managing these @entity1 . The objective of this study is to report the clinical experience and management of @entity1 with @entity4153 of the GU tract, treated in the @entity5 Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada from 1999 to 2009. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4153 of the GU tract between 1999 to 2009 was undertaken. Data was collected on demographics, clinical and pathological characteristics, and @entity1 outcomes. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 were identified with primary sites as follows: urinary bladder (UB) 35 (60%), prostate 17 (29%) and upper urinary tract (UUT) 6 (11%). Mean age for the entire group was 68 years; 12/58 were female and 46/58 were male. Sixty-six percent (37/58) had pure @entity4153 ; the rest had mixed histology. Seventy percent (41/58) were positive for at least one neuroendocrine marker. Overall, 27/58 had limited stage disease, 25/58 had @entity66 and six were unknown. Treatment of limited stage @entity1 was 10/27 (37%) concurrent chemotherapy with radiation, 5/27 (19%) surgery +/- adjuvant chemotherapy, 5/27 (19%) chemotherapy alone, 2/27 (7%) radiation alone and 5/27 (19%) supportive care only. For extensive stage @entity1 , 5/25 (20%) received chemotherapy alone, 3/25 (12%) received radiation alone, 4/25 (16%) received RT and chemotherapy, 4/25 (16%) surgery alone and 9/25 (36%) supportive care only. One @entity1 with limited stage disease received prophylactic cranial irradiation. Despite this, only one @entity1 in the entire cohort presented with brain metastases as the site of initial relapse. Median survival for the entire cohort was 24 months (28 months for limited stage disease and 7 months for extensive). Prostate @entity1 tended to do worse, with a survival of only eight months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4153 of the GU tract is aggressive with an overall poor prognosis. As there is no standard of care for these @entity1 , they are treated according to local protocols. Further efforts should be made to develop more effective treatments and the role of PCI should be investigated in the setting of a clinical trial, in conjunction with other extrapulmonary SCCs.

title: XXXX of the genitourinary tract: A 10-year single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cross Cancer']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['Small cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

answer: @entity4153 :: (MESH:D018288,Disease) :: ['Small cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The concept of 'depressive realism', that @entity308 leads to more accurate perception of causal control, has been influential in the field of @entity308 research, but remains controversial. Recent work testing contingency learning has suggested that contextual processing might determine realism-like effects. @entity750 ( @entity750 , ( @entity750 )), which is implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity308 , might also influence contextual processing. Using acute @entity2340 depletion (ATD), we tested the hypothesis that dysfunctional serotoninergic neurotransmission influences contingency judgements in dysphoric subjects via an effect on contextual processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We employed a novel contingency learning task to obtain separate measures (ratings) of the causal effect of @entity1 ' responses and efficacy of the background context over an outcome. @entity1 , without a history of @entity308 , completed this task on and off ATD in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design. RESULTS: As with other work on contingency learning, the effects of ATD were related to baseline mood levels. Although no overall effects of ATD were observed, the subgroup of @entity1 with @entity308 inventory (BDI) scores showed reduced ratings of contextual control and improved accuracy of contingency judgements under positive contingencies following ATD, compared to placebo. High BDI @entity1 demonstrated low accuracy in contingency judgements, regardless of serotoninergic status. CONCLUSIONS: No effect of ATD on contingency judgements was observed in the group as a whole, but effects were observed in a subgroup of @entity1 with low BDI scores. We discuss these data in light of the context processing hypothesis, and prior research on @entity750 and depressive realism.

title: @entity750 modulation by acute @entity2340 depletion of XXXX instrumental contingency judgements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['low Beck depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'Serotonin', '5-HT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Metallothioneins (MTs) are ubiquitous metal-binding proteins that have been highly conserved throughout evolution. Although their physiological function is not completely understood, they are involved in diverse processes including metal homeostasis and detoxification, the oxidative stress response, @entity32 , and cell proliferation. Te @entity1 MT gene family consists of at least 18 isoforms, containing pseudogenes as well as genes encoding functional proteins. Most of the MT isoforms can be induced by a wide variety of substances, such as metals, cytokines, and hormones. Different cell types express discrete MT isoforms, which reflects the specifically adapted functions of MTs and a divergence in their regulation. Te aberrant expression of MTs has been described in a number of diseases, including @entity30 , @entity5 , @entity195 , @entity746 , @entity15617 , and @entity2360 . Therefore, a thorough understanding of MT gene regulation is imperative. To date, the transcriptional regulation of MTs has primarily been studied in @entity19 . While only four @entity19 MT isoforms exist, the homology between @entity19 and @entity1 MTs allows for the evaluation of the regulatory regions in their respective promoters. Here, we review the aberrant expression of MTs in @entity1 diseases and the mechanisms that regulate @entity4911 expression based on an in silico evaluation of transcription factor binding sites.

title: XXXX metallothionein expression under normal and pathological conditions: mechanisms of gene regulation based on in silico promoter analysis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity15617 :: ('MESH:D007706', 'Disease') :: ['Menkes disease']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity6249 reflected by @entity62 ( @entity62 ) in MRI and kidney function reflected by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is closely associated in @entity1 without @entity64 . We studied whether eGFR and @entity62 predict long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity64 . METHODS: After exclusion of @entity1 with low eGFR (N=5 [1.3%]; <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), consecutive @entity1 with @entity64 (N=378) subjected to MRI and serum creatinine determination were included in the study and prospectively followed-up up to 12 years. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 71.2% had died during the follow-up, 152 (40.2%) had moderate (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), and 226 (59.8%) had normal or mildly impaired eGFR (>or=60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). Of the @entity1 , 108 (28.6%) had mild, 68 (18.0%) had moderate, and 202 (53.4%) had severe @entity62 . In logistic regression analysis adjusted with age and sex, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was associated with severe @entity62 (relative risk 2.77, 95% CI 1.10 to 6.98, P=0.030). In Cox regression survival analysis adjusted with significant covariates, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (1.30, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.68, P=0.047) and severe @entity62 (hazard ratio 1.32, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.71, P=0.033) were associated with poor survival, whereas they were not independent from each other. In further analyses, presence of either eGFR >or=60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) or only mild to moderate @entity62 , or both, was associated with improved survival compared with all other combinations. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6249 is closely associated with kidney function in @entity1 with @entity64 . @entity8 are closely associated predictors of poor poststroke survival.

title: @entity8 predict long-term survival in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral small vessel disease and kidney function']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'WMLs']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: Reduced serum- @entity219 concentrations are well known as typical laboratory characteristics in advanced @entity135 . Our aim was to follow the development of this phenomenon during the disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 21 @entity1 were included in this pilot-study (1 female, 20 male). The median age was 64 years, range 43-80 years. The following @entity5 localizations were registered: 11 larynx, 4 oropharynx, 2 hypopharynx and 4 other. Serum @entity219 levels were registered at baseline and during the follow-up investigations using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 17 months, range 6-43 months. During the follow-up, 9/21 @entity1 died @entity5 -dependently, 2 @entity1 were living with @entity5 , 8 @entity1 showed NED, and a further 2 @entity1 died of @entity5 related causes. The @entity219 concentration decreased from 0.76 mmol/l (0.48-1.07 mmol/l) to 0.55 mmol/l (0.32-1.01 mmol/l). Nine of 11 @entity1 with @entity5 developed extremely low serum @entity219 concentration 4-6 weeks before dying. CONCLUSION: The serum @entity219 concentration may be a marker for definitive palliative situations in @entity135 @entity1 .

title: XXXX concentrations in serum during @entity135 progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'non-cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['Zinc']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Excitotoxic and related @entity130 are implicated in the @entity528 seen with @entity9303 and @entity5570 ( @entity5570 ). Excitotoxicity is initiated with @entity2227 elevation and associated with downstream increases in reactive @entity26 species resulting in @entity32 -mediated @entity528 . This study tests the hypothesis that interruption of the initial and/or downstream aspects of excitotoxicity should provide hearing protection in @entity5570 -associated @entity393 . STUDY DESIGN: This study tests whether @entity10891 , a @entity2227 release inhibitor, and @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ), an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant solvent with favorable properties at the level of @entity2227 receptors, can protect against early-stage @entity393 in a @entity19 model of @entity5570 . METHODS: The @entity22027 (Hyp-Duk) @entity19 spontaneously develops @entity5570 and postnatal @entity393 . Starting at postnatal day 6 (P6), daily injections of @entity10891 + @entity3733 or just @entity3733 were administered. Untreated mutants served as controls. At @entity5207 , @entity22028 , and @entity8919 , hearing function was assessed by recording auditory brainstem responses. A cochlear function index was developed to assess global cochlear function at each time point. RESULTS: Compared to no treatment, @entity3733 provided significant hearing protection (P < .05). The @entity10891 + @entity3733 also showed protection, but it was statistically indistinguishable from @entity3733 alone; a synergistic increase in protection with @entity10891 was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates pharmacological hearing protection in an animal model of @entity5570 . The results support the assertion that inflammatory (reactive @entity26 species) injury, which is part of the excitotoxic pathway, contributes to the development of @entity5570 -associated @entity393 .

title: Pharmacological protection of @entity393 in the @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5570 :: ('MESH:D018159', 'Disease') :: ['ELH', 'endolymphatic hydrops']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion degeneration', 'neuronal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory injury']

answer: @entity5570 :: (MESH:D018159,Disease) :: ['endolymphatic hydrops']


abstract: The aim of the research was to develop new products and processes from a manufacturing waste from an Italian metallurgic company. The company produced thin @entity575 metallic films and the production scraps were @entity575 flakes. The possibility to use the @entity575 flakes in water disinfection processes was studied. The antimicrobial activity of the flakes was investigated in batch using @entity526 as Gram-negative microorganism model. The flakes did not show any antimicrobial activity, so they were activated with two different processes: thermal activation in reducing atmosphere and chemical activation, obtaining, respectively, @entity576 ( @entity576 ). The flakes, activated with either treatment, showed antimicrobial activity against @entity526 . The kill rate was dependent on the type of activated flakes. The @entity576 were more efficient than reduced flakes. The kill rate determined for 1 g of @entity576 , 1.0 +/- 0.2 min(-1), was greater than the kill rate determined for 1 g of RF, 0.069 +/- 0.004 min(-1). This was confirmed also by the minimum inhibitory concentration values. It was demonstrated that the antimicrobial capability was dependent on flakes amount and on the type of aqueous medium. Furthermore, the flakes maintained their properties also when used a second time. Finally, the antimicrobial activities of flakes were tested in an effluent of a wastewater treatment plant where a variety of heterotrophic bacteria were present.

title: Antimicrobial activity of thin metallic XXXX flakes, waste products of a manufacturing process.

entities_list: @entity576 :: ('MESH:D064419', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'chemical flakes', 'reduced flakes (RF) and chemical flakes']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: Four series of experiments were made on 82 @entity35 which experienced 90-min @entity8 . Animals from series 1 received no drugs. Animals of series 2 were injected i.v. emulsion (10 mg/kg @entity1881 + 200 mg/kg @entity3733 ) 10 min before @entity63 termination. Animals of series 3 received i.v. @entity1855 (0.5 mg/kg) prior to reperfusion. @entity35 of series 4 were given @entity1881 emulsion simultaneously with @entity1855 . Introduction of @entity1881 emulsion significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation ( @entity9050 -induced peroxidation activation) in intact kidneys blocking this activation in the reperfusion period. The @entity63 kidney function proved much better on @entity63 day 2 in the 2nd and 4th series. In series 3 the results were similar to control. On postischemia day 7 renal function did not differ much between the series. Mechanisms of the emulsion protective action and the causes of its absence in @entity1855 are covered in the discussion.

title: [The effect of an emulsion containing @entity1881 and @entity3733 and of XXXX on reperfusion injury to the @entity35 kidneys].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulphoxide']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol acetate', 'alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity35 develop @entity1931 and @entity1931 in the hind paw after L5 spinal nerve ligation. Phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase (pERK) was used as a @entity158 marker to investigate the potential role of adjacent uninjured L4 nerve in the development of @entity1931 after @entity128 . Left L5 nerve was ligated and sectioned in @entity35 . Three days later, @entity35 were randomly assigned to five groups; each had both hind paws immersed in water at different temperatures (no heat, 37, 42, 47, and 52  C) under @entity2614 anesthesia for 2 minutes. Five minutes after stimulation the @entity35 were sacrificed and sections of L3-L6 spinal segments were stained immunocytochemically with pERK antibody. pERK immunoreactivity, which is not detectable in the normal spinal cord, was discernible in neurons (not glia) of the superficial dorsal horn after noxious heat stimuli. pERK-positive neurons clearly overlapped in laminae I-II with normal unmyelinated and thin myelinated afferents labeled with calcitonin gene-related peptide and isolectin B4, and injured unmyelinated afferents labeled with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. There was a linear increase in pERK immunoreactivity on both sides with an increase in temperature. Importantly, the number of positive pERK neurons was significantly higher in the ipsilateral side of L4 spinal segment, which receives innervation from uninjured L4 nerve, compared with the contralateral control side, which receives both uninjured L4 and L5 spinal nerves. The data demonstrate that the uninjured L4 nerve plays an important role in the development of @entity1931 at the spinal cord level after @entity128 . J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1731-1747, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Anatomical evidence that the uninjured adjacent L4 nerve plays a significant role in the development of peripheral neuropathic pain after L5 spinal nerve ligation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia', 'heat hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['L5 nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The SAVE study showed that @entity3371 improves mortality in @entity1 with @entity1002 after @entity583 and that this benefit occurred even in @entity1 with no clinically overt @entity712 . On the basis of this, it seems important to identify correctly which @entity1 have @entity1002 after a @entity583 . The objective was to compare various methods of identifying @entity1 with @entity1002 (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF, < or = 40%) after @entity583 . The methods compared were echocardiography (quantitative and qualitative visual assessment), clinical evaluation (subjective assessment and three clinical score methods), and measurement of plasma concentrations of cardiac natriuretic peptide hormones (atrial and brain natriuretic peptides, ANP and @entity3876 ). DESIGN: Cross sectional study of left ventricular function in @entity1 two to eight days after @entity583 . SETTING: Coronary care unit of a teaching hospital. @entity1 : 75 survivors of a recent @entity583 aged 40 to 88 with no history of @entity712 and without @entity1455 at the time of entry to the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivities and specificities of the various methods of detecting @entity1002 were calculated by comparing them with a cross sectional echocardiographic algorithm for LVEF. RESULTS: Clinical impression was poor at identifying LVEF < 40% (sensitivity 46%). Clinical scoring improved this figure somewhat (modified Peel index sensitivity 64%). Qualitative visual assessment echocardiography was a more sensitive method (sensitivity 82%) for detecting LVEF < 40%. Plasma @entity3876 concentration was also a sensitive measure for detecting @entity1002 (sensitivity 84%) but plasma ANP concentration was much poorer (sensitivity 64%). CONCLUSION: @entity1002 is easily and reliably detected by echocardiographic measurement of LVEF and also by a quick qualitative echocardiographic assessment but is likely to be missed by clinical assessment alone. High concentrations of plasma @entity3876 maybe another useful indicator of @entity1002 , particularly in hospitals where not all @entity1 can be screened by echocardiography or radionuclide ventriculography after @entity583 .

title: Detection of XXXX after @entity583 : comparison of clinical, echocardiographic, and neurohormonal methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular dysfunction', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic consumption of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) is well recognized to lead to defective innate and adaptive immune responses and increase the severity of @entity358 . Our own studies have demonstrated that chronic @entity167 consumption decreases CD8 T-cell immunity to @entity778 ( @entity778 ) leading to severe @entity281 and mortality. Interestingly, antiviral treatment of IAVs has been shown to be compromised in @entity19 and @entity1 that are immuno-deficient. It is known that @entity167 can alter the pharmacokinetics of antivirals. Therefore, the effectiveness of influenza antiviral therapy during chronic @entity1068 consumption remains in question. METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 were placed on 18% (w/v) @entity167 in their drinking water for 8 weeks. Chronic @entity167 consuming and water controls were then treated with 10 mg/kg @entity684 orally and infected intranasally with influenza virus 4 hours post- @entity684 treatment. The @entity19 were then treated with @entity684 twice daily until day 7 postinfection. @entity66 severity was measured by morbidity and mortality, pulmonary viral titers, and histology. RESULTS: Chronic @entity167 consuming @entity19 infected with @entity778 and treated with @entity684 have decreased morbidity and mortality, pulmonary viral titers, and @entity358 compared to untreated @entity167 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite the severe @entity1200 seen in chronic @entity167 @entity19 as well as the potential for @entity167 to inhibit the conversion of @entity684 into an active form, treatment with @entity684 reduces viral shedding as well as disease severity. These data suggest that the combination of a limited adaptive immune response plus the anti- @entity778 drug @entity684 is sufficient to curb high mortality and mediate resolution of IAVs in @entity19 chronically consuming @entity1068 .

title: XXXX treatment prevents the increased influenza virus disease severity and lethality occurring in chronic @entity1068 consuming @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['IAV', 'influenza virus infections']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Influenza disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune defect']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections', 'pulmonary pathology']

answer: @entity684 :: (MESH:D053139,Chemical) :: ['Oseltamivir']