abstract: Effort @entity715 of the subclavian vein ( @entity14385 ) has long been considered a primary thrombotic process, but recent experience suggests that it may commonly result from repeated mechanical compression. Increased awareness of the pathophysiology of this syndrome can allow timely, improved diagnostic screening and the use of specific surgical intervention to relieve the venous consequences. During the past 15 years we have treated six @entity1 with mechanical compression in the thoracic outlet causing surgically correctable venous occlusive problems. There were four @entity1 and two @entity1 with an average age of 38 years (range 26 to 53 years). All @entity1 exhibited @entity158 , with worsening @entity450 on abduction of the arm. Five of six @entity1 were originally treated for @entity715 of the subclavian vein with arm elevation and anticoagulation; two also underwent immediate thrombolytic therapy with urokinase. Venography was prompted in each case by positional symptoms during follow-up and showed irregular stenosis of the subclavian vein adjacent to the first rib. All @entity1 underwent extended first rib resection and circumferential venolysis (one @entity1 underwent bilateral procedures); one was performed through a transaxillary approach, two through a supraclavicular approach, and four through a new, "paraclavicular" approach. All subclavian veins appeared normal after venolysis. Five of six @entity1 also underwent complete scalenectomy and brachial plexus neurolysis. In each @entity1 , @entity1211 resolved and venography confirmed a patent subclavian vein, with follow-up ranging from 11 months to 13 years (mean 3.8 years).

title: Circumferential venolysis and paraclavicular thoracic outlet decompression for " XXXX " of the subclavian vein.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, swelling, and cyanosis of the upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['effort thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous and neurogenic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity14385 :: ('MESH:D056824', 'Disease') :: ['Paget-Schroetter syndrome']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['effort thrombosis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture on peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and cerebral @entity2661 . In order to examine the effects of acupuncture, two experiments were performed. Experiment 1: Eighteen female @entity19 ; C57BL/6) at the age of 7 weeks were divided three groups, (a) sham operated (control; n=6), (b) ovariectomized (OVX; n=6), and (c) ovariectomized and stimulated by subcutaneous needles on acupuncture point, Shenshu (BL23) at the both sides of the back for 20 days (OVX+Acu; n=6). These animals were sacrificed at 20 days after needle insertion, and the @entity706 cells were examined by two-color flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to the cell surface antigens, @entity5168 , @entity1961 , @entity3414 and @entity11386 ( @entity4497 ). In the ovariectomized (OVX) group, the peripheral @entity1961 /CD8 ratio was significantly increased and the ratio of natural killer (NK) cells ( @entity5168 - @entity11386 +; @entity5168 negative, @entity11386 positive) to T lymphocytes was decreased compared to the sham control group. In the ovariectomized with needle insertion (OVX+Acu) group, the @entity1961 /CD8 ratio was reduced, but the NK cells ratio was not changed compared to the OVX group. Experiment 2: To investigate the acute effects of subcutaneous needle insertion, male C57BL/6 @entity19 (7 weeks old) were used (n=6, each group). The acupuncture points Shen-shu (BL23) on the backs of the male @entity19 were also stimulated by subcutaneous needles for 3 and 7 days. As a result, the @entity1961 /CD8 ratio was significantly decreased at day 3 and day 7, compared to the control group. On the other hand the NK cells ratio and activated T-cells were increased at day 7. The mitogenic activities in the splenic lymphocytes were also increased by acupuncture stimulation at day 3. @entity2922 contents in the hippocampus were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with the electro-chemical detector (ECD-HPLC) method. No significant change was observed in either @entity935 contents or @entity1063 ; however, @entity935 metabolite, @entity4926 ( @entity3829 ) and @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ) were increased at day 3. The study suggests that acupuncture has effects on peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and may modulate mitogenic activity. In addition, acupuncture may stimulate @entity935 turnover.

title: Effects of acupuncture on peripheral T lymphocyte subpopulation and amounts of cerebral XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['splenic lymphoid']

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', '3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mice (strain']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the present study, the authors developed novel models to stimulate blood vessel formation (hemangiogenesis) versus lymphatic vessel formation (lymphangiogenesis) in the @entity267 . METHODS: Micropellets loaded with high-dose (80 ng) or low-dose (12.5 ng) @entity10245 ( @entity10245 ) were placed in BALB/c corneas. Angiogenic responses were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to quantify blood neovessels (BVs) and lymphatic neovessels (LVs) to 3 weeks after implantation. Areas covered by BV and LV were calculated and expressed as a percentage of the total corneal area (percentage BV and percentage LV). Hemangiogenesis (HA) and lymphangiogenesis (LA) were also assessed after antibody blockade of @entity11132 or @entity14531 RESULTS: Although high-dose @entity10245 stimulation induced a more potent angiogenic response, the relative LV (RLV=percentage LV/percentage BV x 100) was nearly identical with high- and low-doses of @entity10245 . Delayed LA responses induced 3 weeks after implantation of high-dose @entity10245 resulted in a lymphatic vessel-dominant phenotype. Interestingly, the blockade of @entity11132 significantly suppressed BV and LV. However, the blockade of @entity14531 inhibited only LV (P=0.0002) without concurrent inhibition of BV (P=0.79), thereby resulting in a blood vessel-dominant phenotype CONCLUSIONS: An HA-dominant corneal phenotype can be obtained in BALB/c @entity19 2 weeks after implantation of an 80-ng @entity10245 micropellet with @entity14531 blockade. Alternatively, an LA-dominant corneal phenotype can be obtained 3 weeks after implantation of an 80-ng @entity10245 micropellet without supplementary modulating agents. These models will be useful in evaluating the differential contribution of BV and LV to a variety of @entity2687 , including transplant rejection, wound healing and microbial @entity1036 .

title: Regulation of blood vessel versus lymphatic vessel growth in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10245 :: ('14173(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal abnormalities']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The levels and activity of topoisomerase I were determined in 35 biopsies from @entity1 with @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The activity was defined by the ability to relax supercoiled DNA plasmid, and levels were determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: We detected topoisomerase I activity in all samples, although at different levels. Enzymatic activity was the same in fresh and frozen tissues. Western blotting analysis detected topoisomerase I in 29 of 35 @entity5 samples but in the remaining six the levels were below the detection limit. We analyzed the distribution of topoisomerase I in @entity5 cells and normal infiltrating cells by immunohistochemistry. The enzyme was mainly associated with @entity5 cells although there were four samples in which @entity5 cells were negative but in which normal cells, mainly lymphocytes, yielded a positive result. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that topoisomerase I enzymatic activity is detectable in @entity1 @entity43 , varying among @entity1 . No correlations were found between the levels of the enzyme and its activity. Because of the high heterogeneity observed, enzymatic activity assays should be combined with immunohistochemical evaluation of Topo I in the @entity5 and normal cells present in the tissue.

title: DNA-topoisomerase I activity and content in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of preinjury beta blockade on heart rate during initial @entity130 resuscitation is unclear. We hypothesized that preinjury beta blockade does not affect the heart rate response to initial @entity130 resuscitation. METHODS: A case-control study of @entity1 admitted to a level I @entity130 center was conducted. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, medications, injury information, and hemodynamic profiles. Logistic regression identified correlations between preinjury beta blockade and hemodynamics during initial @entity130 resuscitation and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: There were 76 deaths (cases) and 304 survivors (controls). Mean pre-resuscitation heart rate was 83 in @entity1 on beta blocker and 89 in @entity1 not on beta blocker (p=0.007). Mean post-resuscitation heart rate was 80 in @entity1 on beta blocker and 85 in @entity1 not on beta blocker (p=0.02). @entity591 was present in 14.3% with preinjury beta blocker and 29.7% without (p=0.009). @entity1168 was present in 7.1% with preinjury beta blocker and 2.3% without (p=0.035). Of all @entity1 who presented with an abnormal heart rate, 46% of @entity1 on beta blocker attained a normal heart rate after resuscitation vs. 53% of @entity1 not on beta blocker (p=not significant). CONCLUSION: Preinjury beta blockade is associated with a slower presenting heart rate, more @entity1168 , less @entity591 , but no difference in mortality or ability to achieve a normal heart rate with resuscitation.

title: Preinjury beta blocker usage does not affect the heart rate response to initial XXXX resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Tachycardia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia', 'Bradycardia']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The anatomic pathology discipline is slowly moving toward a digital workflow, where pathologists will evaluate whole-slide images on a computer monitor rather than glass slides through a microscope. One of the driving factors in this workflow is computer-assisted scoring, which depends on appropriate selection of regions of interest. With advances in tissue pattern recognition techniques, a more precise region of the tissue can be evaluated, no longer bound by the pathologist's patience in manually outlining target tissue areas. Pathologists use entire tissues from which to determine a score in a region of interest when making manual immunohistochemistry assessments. Tissue pattern recognition theoretically offers this same advantage; however, error rates exist in any tissue pattern recognition program, and these error rates contribute to errors in the overall score. To provide a real-world example of tissue pattern recognition, 11 @entity1722 -stained upper @entity344 with high heterogeneity were evaluated. @entity1722 scoring of @entity356 was chosen due to its increasing importance in @entity344 . A method is introduced for quantifying the error rates of tissue pattern recognition. The trade-off between fully sampling @entity5 with a given tissue pattern recognition error rate versus randomly sampling a limited number of fields of view with higher target accuracy was modeled with a Monte-Carlo simulation. Under most scenarios, stereological methods of sampling-limited fields of view outperformed whole-slide tissue pattern recognition approaches for accurate immunohistochemistry analysis. The importance of educating pathologists in the use of statistical sampling is discussed, along with the emerging role of hybrid whole-tissue imaging and stereological approaches.

title: Tissue pattern recognition error rates and XXXX heterogeneity in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease', 'gastrointestinal malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 T cells proliferate in response to both @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) via the second signals @entity7937 / @entity3138 and @entity2937 ( @entity2937 ), respectively. Previous studies have shown that stimulation of T cells via @entity1361 or @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) activation is highly resistant to inhibition by @entity205 ( @entity870 ) and @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ), as is the response of T cells to phytohemmaglutinin in the presence of endothelial cells. We have investigated the inhibitory effects of @entity870 and @entity1140 on the direct response of @entity1 @entity404 + T cells to HUVEC and PAEC and the effect of adding @entity7938 transfectants. METHODS: T cell proliferation, @entity1199 release bioassays and a multiple cytokine bioassay employing the TF-1 cell line were used as indicators of T cell responses to HUVEC and PAEC either in the presence or absence of @entity870 and @entity1140 . In some experiments, @entity7938 transfectants were also added. RESULTS: Proliferative responses and @entity1199 release were highly sensitive to @entity870 , the ID50 being significantly less for HUVEC (6.5 ng/ml) than PAEC (15 ng/ml). The ID50 of @entity870 for the mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) was similar to PAEC (18.6 ng/ml), all these values being significantly less than the T cell activation by phytohemmaglutinin (PHA) (227 ng/ml). Addition of @entity7938 transfectants significantly increased @entity1199 production by T cells/HUVEC and resistance to @entity870 was greatly increased to an ID50 of > 1000 ng/ml. In contrast, addition of @entity7938 transfectants to T cells/PAEC had no effect either on T cell proliferation, @entity1199 production, or @entity870 resistance. Similar results were obtained with @entity1140 . Using the TF-1 cell line, it was determined that cytokines other than @entity1199 are released during @entity404 + T cell/EC interactions, with similar sensitivity to @entity870 and @entity1140 . CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that both allogeneic and xenogeneic T cell/endothelial responses should be inhibited by therapeutic levels of @entity870 in vivo, assuming the absence of trans-stimulation by B7 molecules.

title: @entity1 T cell responses to XXXX and porcine endothelial cells are highly sensitive to @entity205 and @entity1140 in vitro.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Several types of mass lesions may occur in the third and lateral ventricles. Typically they arise from the lining of the ventricular cavity or from contiguous structures, by extension into the ventricle. The authors describe two @entity1 , each of whom presented with a different rare lesion of the ventricular system. The first was a 53-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity101 who sustained a blunt @entity130 to the occipital region and subsequently developed a progressively worsening right-sided @entity10 . Radiological examinations over the next 2 years revealed an enlarged right lateral ventricle and, ultimately, a choroid plexus cyst in its anterior and middle third, near the foramen of Monro, which is a rare location for these lesions. The cyst was removed en bloc, and follow-up examinations showed a significant improvement in her @entity10 and a minimal differences in size between right and left ventricles. The authors also describe a 57-year-old @entity1 with @entity101 , @entity6 , and an old @entity1188 , who presented to an outside institution with a progressively worsening @entity10 , generalized malaise, and @entity1109 . Diagnostic imaging revealed a 1.5-cm @entity75 centered in the lamina terminalis region, an open craniotomy was performed, and evaluation of a biopsy sample demonstrated the mass to be a @entity11 of the third ventricle, a recently described @entity11 subtype. Two days after surgery, he suffered a left @entity64 and an anterior @entity1188 . After convalescing, he presented to The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center for radiotherapy and follow up; 7 months later he was readmitted complaining of @entity10 , @entity2414 , and worsening @entity911 and disorientation. Neuroimaging revealed progression of the @entity5 (now 2 cm in diameter), which was removed by gross-total resection. His @entity10 resolved immediately, and 2 months later his only complaint was of episodes of @entity911 . Three weeks later he died of a massive @entity583 . These two @entity1 represent the sixth case of an adult with a choroid plexus cyst in the anterior lateral ventricle and the 19th case of an adult with a @entity11 of the third ventricle, respectively.

title: Choroid plexus cyst and XXXX . Report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['parietal stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['short-term memory loss']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['oval lesion']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['loss of olfactory sensation']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['chordoid glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['mycardial infarction', 'mycardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['chordoid glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malaria elimination is being pursued in five of seven Central American countries. Military personnel returning from peacekeeping missions in sub-Saharan Africa could import @entity503 -resistant @entity3964 , posing a threat to elimination and to the continued efficacy of first-line @entity503 (CQ) treatment in these countries. This report describes the importation of @entity3964 from among 150 Guatemalan army special forces and support staff who spent ten months on a United Nations' peacekeeping mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in 2010. METHODS: Investigators reviewed @entity1 ' medical charts and interviewed members of the contingent to identify @entity311 cases and risk factors for @entity311 acquisition. Clinical specimens were tested for @entity311 ; isolated parasites were characterized molecularly for CQ resistance. RESULTS: Investigators identified 12 cases (8%) of laboratory-confirmed @entity3964 @entity281 within the contingent; one case was from a soldier infected with a CQ-resistant pfcrt genotype resulting in his @entity204 . None of the contingent used an insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) or completely adhered to @entity311 while in the DRC. CONCLUSION: This report highlights the need to promote use of @entity311 prevention measures, in particular ITNs and chemoprophylaxis, among peacekeepers stationed in @entity311 -endemic areas. Countries attempting to eliminate @entity311 should consider appropriate methods to screen peacekeepers returning from endemic areas for @entity281 . Cases of @entity311 in travellers, immigrants and soldiers returning to Central America from countries with CQ-resistant @entity311 should be assumed to be carry resistant parasites and receive appropriate anti-malarial therapy to prevent severe disease and @entity204 .

title: Importation of XXXX -resistant @entity3964 by Guatemalan peacekeepers returning from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'malaria infections']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['malaria', 'malaria chemoprophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity503 :: (MESH:D002738,Chemical) :: ['chloroquine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Models for causation of functional disability differ as to whether different diseases lead to common expressions of disability versus producing unique "disability fingerprints." @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) both affect the spinal cord; however, their pathophysiologies differ (progressive vs. nonprogressive; multifocal vs. unifocal). METHODS: Patterns of disability were compared among veterans who reported in a national survey that they had @entity15 (n = 1789) or @entity1566 (n = 6361) as the sole cause of their spinal cord dysfunction. The study used self-reported information on disease duration, @entity73 , and self-care skills to compare the two samples for differences in disability overall and after stratification according to (a) disease duration, and (b) specific @entity73 . RESULTS: Patterns of disability differed significantly among @entity1 with @entity15 compared to @entity1566 (p = .001). Differences in level of disability between the two samples remained statistically significant after stratification on disease duration. There were substantial, statistically significant differences between the two samples in the amount and kinds of @entity73 . However, differences in level of disability between the two conditions remained highly significant after stratifying on number of affected limbs (p = .003), amount of useful movement (p = .001), overall motor impairment (p = .003), amount of sensation (p = .001), @entity2414 and thinking (p = .001), and @entity227 (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows differing diseases indeed have unique disability fingerprints, which remain unique after controlling for disease duration and for population-specific differences in @entity73 . These findings point out the need to explain the disablement process more fully.

title: Disability fingerprints: patterns of disability in XXXX and @entity15 differ.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['physical impairments', 'physical impairment']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in memory']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To study the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and @entity227 in early @entity735 and to study the diagnostic ability of OCT in distinguishing early @entity735 from normal eyes. METHODS: We studied 68 eyes from primary @entity1538 @entity1 with early @entity227 (mean deviation > -6 dB), and 94 normal eyes from healthy age- and gender- matched individuals. All @entity1 underwent 3.4-mm diameter circular OCT scans and Humphrey 30-2 mode visual field testing. The average and segmental RNFL thickness values were compared between the 2 groups. The correlation between the mean deviation in the visual field examination and RNFL thickness was evaluated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to distinguish normal eyes from early @entity735 . RESULTS: There was a significant difference in RNFL thickness between the 2 groups based on the following parameters: average thickness; superior, inferior, and nasal quadrant thickness; and 1-7, 11, 12 o'clock hour segment thickness (p < 0.05). In the @entity726 group, superior and inferior quadrant thicknesses and average RNFL thickness significantly correlated with the visual field index (superior quadrant thickness, r = 0.36; inferior quadrant thickness, r = 0.32; average RNLF thickness, r = 0.35; p < 0.05). The average RNFL and inferior quadrant thickness of early @entity735 had the widest areas under the ROC curves (0.812 and 0.793, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of average and inferior quadrant RNFL thickness by OCT is useful in detecting early glaucomatous change.

title: Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by optical coherence tomography and its correlation with XXXX in @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field defects']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In a phase III, randomized, double-blind study (PARAMOUNT), maintenance pemetrexed demonstrated significant benefit in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We present safety, resource use, and quality of life (QoL) results. METHODS: After four 21-day cycles of pemetrexed- @entity900 (N = 939), @entity1 with advanced nonsquamous @entity1149 , whose disease had not progressed and who had a performance status of 0/1, were randomized 2:1 (N = 539) to maintenance pemetrexed 500 mg/m plus best supportive care or placebo plus best supportive care every 21 days until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . QoL was measured using the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D). RESULTS: Frequently reported grade 3 to 4 drug-related @entity137 with maintenance pemetrexed versus placebo were @entity417 (4.5% versus 0.6%; p = 0.016), @entity1295 (4.2% versus 0.6%; p = 0.016), and @entity1398 (3.6% versus 0.0%; p < 0.006). No significant differences in drug-related grade 3 to 5 @entity137 were observed with long-term pemetrexed exposure (>6 cycles), except grade 3 to 4 @entity1398 , which did not result in @entity281 . @entity1 on maintenance pemetrexed required more transfusions (13.4% versus 5.0%; p = 0.003), granulocyte colony- or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (5.3% versus 0.0%; p <0.001), anti-infectives (25.3% versus 16.7%; p = 0.028), and hospitalizations because of study drug (8.4% versus 3.3%, p = 0.028) than placebo-treated @entity1 did. No significant treatment-by-time interactions, overall treatment differences, or clinically relevant changes from baseline were observed in EQ-5D scores during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term use of continuation maintenance pemetrexed was well tolerated; resource use was low, corresponding with known pemetrexed @entity137 . The EQ-5D results demonstrate that @entity1 tolerate long-term maintenance pemetrexed without worsening QoL.

title: Safety, resource use, and quality of life in paramount: a phase III study of maintenance pemetrexed versus placebo after induction pemetrexed plus XXXX for advanced nonsquamous @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['increased infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Developing countries at tertiary referral centre. This study analysed the aetiology of @entity694 ( @entity694 ) in neonates and @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analyses of 60 @entity694 cases (presented from May 2005 to May 2011) were done. RESULTS: The mean age at presentation was 8.33    0.11 days (range, 2-110 days). The aetiology were @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ), @entity1964 ( @entity1964 ) and idiopathic perforation in 78.33% (47/60), 6.67% (4/60) and 15% (9/60), respectively. There were 210 @entity1 with histopathologically proven @entity1963 ; 22.38% (47/210) cases of @entity1963 had @entity694 . Most common site of perforation was mid-transverse colon (74%, 35/47) in @entity1963 @entity1 . All @entity1963 -associated mid-transverse colonic, caecal, appendicular and ascending colon perforations (except one caecal perforation) had aganglionic recto-sigmoid region and ganglionic perforation site. Features of @entity1964 were not found in any @entity1963 @entity1 . Two @entity1 (3.33%) died due to @entity295 . CONCLUSIONS: There was a high rate of primary @entity1963 -associated @entity694 in this study. @entity694 may the initial presenting condition in @entity66 . We advocate colonic biopsy to rule out @entity1963 in any neonate presenting with primary @entity694 .

title: Six-year retrospective analysis of @entity694 in neonates and XXXX : single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HD disease']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising enterocolitis', 'enterocolitis', 'NEC']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforation', 'Colonic perforation', 'CP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: We studied, in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 and healthy control subjects, the kinematics of the action formed by two successive motor acts: reaching-grasping an object (first target) and placing it on a second target. We examined the effects of extrinsic (i.e., distance) and intrinsic (i.e., size) properties of the second target on the various kinematic phases of reaching-grasping. We randomly varied distance and size of both stimuli across the experimental session. The kinematics of the reach initial phase of both @entity1 and controls was influenced by the distance of both the first and the second target. In particular, peak acceleration increased for farther position of the second target. However, in the subsequent phase, @entity1 , differently from controls, modified their reaching kinematics, removing the effects of second target position. These results were due neither to a visual interference effect of the second target on reaching-grasping nor to the complexity of movement sequence. Finally, the size of the second target did not affect grasp kinematics of both @entity1 and controls. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that @entity191 @entity1 are able to compute the general program of an action in which extrinsic properties of both the actual and the final target are computed. However, @entity191 @entity1 re-program movement during its execution. This suggests a decay of the motor program. That is, basal ganglia can be involved in storing the plan of an action and in controlling its correct execution.

title: The control of an action in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Acute @entity1580 (ATAD) is a devastating condition associated with a high mortality rate. Recent reports suggest that its incidence is rising. Utilizing nationwide data comprising the whole Icelandic population, we aimed to determine the incidence, mortality rate and time-dependent mortality risk of ATAD. METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected using centralized hospital discharge registries, autopsy records and Cause of Death Registry in Iceland from 1992 to 2013. RESULTS: Age- and gender-adjusted incidence of ATAD was 2.53/100 000/year, and no significant change in incidence was observed during the study period. The mean age was 66.9    13.6 years and 66.0% (101/153) were Stanford type A. Of the whole group, 17.6% (27/153) died prior to hospital arrival, whereas the risk of @entity204 for @entity1 who arrived alive to a hospital was 21.4% (27/126) within 24 h and 45.2% (57/126) at 30 days. During the course of the study, @entity1 with type A dissection were more likely to undergo an operation and the management of type B dissection changed from open to endovascular repair. The 30-day mortality rate declined every year and the 5-year survival rate improved in the last third of the study. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ATAD was 2.53/100 000/year and remained constant throughout the study, contradicting recent perceptions of a rising incidence. ATAD, type A in particular, remains a highly lethal condition: Over half of all @entity1 die within 30 days of the index event. A reduced 30-day mortality rate and an increased long-term survival rate indicate improved overall outcomes in @entity1 with this complex condition.

title: The incidence and mortality of acute XXXX : results from a whole nation study.

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic dissection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report outcomes of @entity1 with localized @entity932 treated with low-dose craniospinal irradiation (CSI) followed by a boost to the ventricular system and primary site. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-one @entity1 had pathologically confirmed @entity932 and no spine metastases. Low-dose CSI was administered in 29 @entity1 : usually 21 Gy of CSI, 9.0 Gy of ventricular boost, and a 19.5-Gy @entity5 boost, all at 1.5 Gy per fraction. Our neuroradiologist recorded three-dimensional @entity5 size on magnetic resonance images before, during, and after radiotherapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 29 of 31 @entity1 (94%) are disease free. One failure had nongerminomatous histology; the initial diagnosis was a sampling error. Of 3 @entity1 who did not receive CSI, 1 died. No @entity1 developed @entity602 , @entity227 , @entity303 , or skeletal growth problems. In locally controlled @entity1 , @entity5 response according to magnetic resonance scan was nearly complete within 6 months after radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy alone with low-dose prophylactic CSI cures almost all @entity1 with localized @entity932 . Complications are rare when the daily dose of radiotherapy is limited to 1.5 Gy and the total CSI dose to 21 Gy. @entity1 without a near-complete response to radiotherapy should undergo resection to rule out a nongerminomatous element.

title: Low-dose prophylactic craniospinal radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficits']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial germinoma']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial germinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously, proteomic methods were applied to characterise differentially expressed proteins in microdissected @entity1124 cells. AIMS: To report that @entity29190 and a related protein, @entity19330 , which have established roles in cell motility, are overexpressed in metastatic @entity788 ; and to describe their pattern of expression in @entity788 tissue and their effect on cell motility in @entity788 cell lines. METHODS: @entity29190 was identified by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting. @entity29190 and @entity19330 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis on a @entity788 tissue microarray and correlated with clinical and pathological parameters. @entity29190 and @entity19330 levels were reduced using RNA interface in Suit-2, Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells. Cell motility was assessed using modified Boyden chamber or wound-healing assays. RESULTS: Multiple isoforms of @entity29190 were detected in @entity788 tissue and cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of benign (n = 44 @entity1 ) and malignant (n = 69) pancreatic ductal cells showed significantly higher @entity29190 staining intensity in nuclear (p<0.001) and cytoplasmic (p<0.001) compartments of malignant cells. Similarly, @entity19330 immunostaining of benign (n = 24 @entity1 ) and malignant (n = 68 @entity1 ) pancreatic ductal cells showed higher expression in both compartments (both p<0.001). High nuclear @entity29190 was associated with increased @entity5 size (p = 0.001). High nuclear @entity19330 was associated with reduced survival (p = 0.01). Reduction of @entity29190 or @entity19330 expression in cell lines by RNAi was accompanied by @entity73 motility. CONCLUSIONS: Up regulation of these actin-capping proteins in @entity788 and their ability to modulate cell motility in vitro suggest their potentially important role in @entity788 cell motility and consequently dissemination.

title: @entity788 cells overexpress XXXX family-capping proteins, which contribute to their cell motility.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['significantly impaired']

answer: @entity19330 :: (2934,Gene) :: ['gelsolin']


abstract: The number of @entity1 coming for @entity231 surgery in Madagascar remains low and most ophthalmologists could do many more surgeries than currently done. Knowing why @entity1 identified with @entity231 do not accept surgery will help to design programs that use existing resources more effectively. The study was carried out in Sava Region of Madagascar. @entity1 with blinding (<6/60) @entity231 were identified by @entity231 case finders in the community, interviewed, and given a referral card for surgery at the hospital. We then monitored uptake of surgery at the hospital. Overall, 142 @entity1 were identified, interviewed and referred. Among the referrals, 35 (24.6%) presented at the hospital for surgery. The most important factors associated with acceptance were proximity to hospital ( @entity1 from Sambava district were twice as likely to present as @entity1 from more distant districts) and perceived price of transport and food (being higher for @entity1 not accepting). The actual price of surgery was not the main barrier to acceptance of surgery; instead it appears that distance to the hospital and the willingness to pay are important predictors. Strategies to improve uptake need to be revised in order to ensure that @entity1 have access to and use @entity231 surgical services.

title: Uptake of @entity231 surgery in Sava Region, Madagascar: role of @entity231 case finders in acceptance of XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity26905 Linn. (Lythraceae) or henna has been used since the earliest times as a medicine, preservative, and cosmetic. It has long been recommended in traditional medicine as an astringent, purgative, and abortifacient. OBJECTIVE: @entity6855 and six extracts of L. inermis plant, used by Algerian traditional healers to treat @entity166 , were screened for their antifungal activity against filamentous fungi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Water and five organic extracts - @entity3733 , @entity1068 , @entity3636 , @entity1046 , and @entity4543 - of L. inermis leaves, collected in the area of Adrar (Algeria), were prepared by soaking 25 g of powdered plant in 100 mL of solvent. The extracts were screened for antifungal activity using the poisoned food technique against five filamentous fungi. RESULTS: Results demonstrated that the best yield (8.03%) was obtained with the @entity1068 extract. The commercial @entity6855 showed potentially interesting MICs against the strains @entity4278 (12   g/mL) and @entity11792 (50   g/mL). The @entity1068 extract showed the only interesting MIC (230   g/mL of crude extract) against the strain @entity4278 compared with other extracts. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the Algerian L. inermis plant has antifungal activity that can be related to the presence of @entity6855 in the leaves plant. The results can be exploited largely in research of new antifungal drugs.

title: Antifungal activity of the Algerian XXXX (henna).

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity26905 :: ('MESH:D045824', 'Disease') :: ['Lawsonia inermis']

entities_list: @entity4278 :: ('5507', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium oxysporum', 'F. oxysporum']

entities_list: @entity4543 :: ('MESH:D004986', 'Chemical') :: ['di-ethyl ether']

entities_list: @entity6855 :: ('MESH:C005090', 'Chemical') :: ['Lawsone', 'lawsone']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity26905 :: (MESH:D045824,Disease) :: ['Lawsonia inermis']


abstract: A novel method of photoresist-free micropatterning coupled with electroless gold plating is described for the fabrication of an integrated gold electrode for electrochemical detection (ED) on a @entity6027 (PC) electrophoresis microchip. The microelectrode layout was photochemically patterned onto the surface of a PC plate by selective exposure of the surface coated without photoresist to 254 nm UV light through a @entity3407 /quartz photomask. Thus, the PC plate was selectively sensitized by formation of reactive chemical moieties in the exposed areas. After a series of wet chemistry reactions, the UV-exposed area was activated with a layer of gold nanoparticles that served as a seed to catalyze the electroless plating. The gold microelectrode was then selectively plated onto the activated area by using an electroless gold plating bath. Nonselective gold deposition on the unwanted areas was eliminated by sonication of the activated PC plate in a @entity12159 solution before electroless plating, and the adhesion of the plated electrodes to the PC surface was strengthened with thermal annealing. Compared with the previously reported electroless plating technique for fabrication of microelectrodes on a microchip, the present method avoided the use of a membrane stencil with an electrode pattern to restrict the area to be wet-chemically sensitized. The CE with integrated ED (CE-ED) microchip was assembled by thermal bonding an electrode-plated PC cover plate to a microchannel-embossed PC substrate. The novel method allows one to fabricate low-cost, electrode-integrated, complete PC CE-ED chips with no need of a clean room. The fabricated CE-ED microchip was demonstrated for separation and detection of model analytes, including @entity935 (DA) and @entity6153 (CA). Detection limits of 0.65 and 1.03 microM were achieved for DA and CA, respectively, and theoretical plate number of 1.4 x 10(4) was obtained for DA. The plated gold electrode can be used for about 4 h, bearing usually more than 100 runs before complete failure.

title: Fabrication of a gold microelectrode for amperometric detection on a XXXX electrophoresis chip by photodirected electroless plating.

entities_list: @entity6027 :: ('CHEBI:61433', 'Chemical') :: ['polycarbonate']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['catechol']

answer: @entity6027 :: (CHEBI:61433,Chemical) :: ['polycarbonate']


abstract: We report a 13 year old @entity1 with @entity2100 resulting from a de novo deletion of the @entity10308 and @entity10310 genes extending from (and including) DXS7536 proximally to @entity10310 distally. The @entity1 has severe @entity245 , @entity302 , and behavioural difficulties, including autistic features. He has epicanthic folds, in addition to facial features typical of @entity2100 , and marked @entity14884 . We compare our @entity1 to the three other cases reported in which both @entity10308 and @entity10310 are deleted. This case has the smallest deletion reported to date. All four @entity1 have @entity302 and a more severe degree of @entity1032 than is usual in @entity2100 resulting from @entity10308 triplet repeat expansion. Three of the @entity1 have joint laxity and two have epicanthic folds. We suggest that these features, in particular severe @entity245 and @entity302 , may form part of the characteristic phenotype resulting from deletion of both @entity10308 and @entity10310 genes. The diagnosis in this case was delayed because routine cytogenetics showed no abnormality and standard molecular tests for @entity10308 triplet repeat expansion (PCR and Southern blotting) failed. Further DNA studies should be undertaken to investigate for a deletion where clinical suspicion of @entity2100 is strong and routine laboratory tests fail.

title: @entity2100 with @entity10308 and XXXX deletion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14884 :: ('MESH:D007593', 'Disease') :: ['joint hypermobility']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity10310 :: (2481,Gene) :: ['FMR2']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4306 is the early onset form of chronic @entity788 that is carried in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable penetrance. While 80% of @entity4306 has been shown to be due to a single mutation in the trypsinogen gene @entity20618 , a number of @entity4306 families have no identified genetic cause for illness; thus no reliable screening options or clear therapy. OBJECTIVE: To explore the use of massive parallel DNA sequencing technology to discover the etiology of @entity788 in a family with @entity4306 . DESIGN: Candidate gene screening and verification within a kindred. SETTING: Prospective cohort study, university based. @entity1 OR @entity1 : Kindred with @entity4306 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Identification of DNA variants predicted to increase susceptibility to @entity788 . METHODS: Whole exome sequencing of two distantly related subjects with variant-specific confirmation in the subjects and other family members. RESULTS: We identified three deleterious genetic changes in the three major @entity788 associated genes ( @entity20618 @entity471 , SPINK1 @entity44777 and CFTR @entity21760 ), two of which were carried by each @entity1 . Individual targeted assays confirmed these variations in the two whole exome sequencing @entity1 as well as affected and non-affected pedigree members. CONCLUSION: Whole exome sequencing was useful for rapid screening of candidate genes linked to @entity788 . This method opens the door for time- and cost-effective screening of multiple disease-associated genes and modifying factors that associate in different ways to generate a @entity74 .

title: Whole exome sequencing identifies multiple, complex etiologies in an XXXX kindred.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity4306 :: ('MESH:C537262', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary pancreatitis', 'idiopathic hereditary pancreatitis', 'Hereditary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['complex genetic disorder']

answer: @entity4306 :: (MESH:C537262,Disease) :: ['idiopathic hereditary pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity270 on the reduction of @entity2371 in @entity1 with @entity1834 and to compare its effect with placebo. STUDY DESIGN: A double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 120 @entity1 suffering from @entity1834 . They were randomly assigned into 2 groups, and 94 @entity1 finished the study. In the study group (n = 42) 400 IU/day of @entity270 was prescribed starting 2 days before the beginning of menstruation and continuing for a total of 5 days, for 2 consecutive cycles. In the control group (n = 52) a placebo was prescribed. @entity158 severity was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale for 1 month before the study and during the 2 months of study. RESULTS: @entity158 severity during the first month of the study was 5.41 +/- 2.4 in the study group and 5.76 +/- 2.08 in the control group and 4.73 +/- 1.89 and 5.35 +/- 2.05 in the study and control groups, respectively, during the second month of the study. @entity158 severity during the first and second months of treatment with @entity270 and placebo was lower than the @entity158 severity before treatment. The mean reduction of @entity158 in the study group (-2.7 +/- 2.1) was greater than that in the control group (-1.8 +/- 2.4) during the second month of the study. CONCLUSION: Both @entity270 and placebo may reduce the @entity2371 of @entity1834 , but @entity270 seems to cause a more significant reduction in @entity158 . With regard to its safety, the study indicates it can be a simple and safe option for the treatment of @entity1834 .

title: Evaluation of the effect of @entity270 on XXXX reduction in @entity1 suffering from @entity1834 .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea', 'primary dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) have been recognized as the most common @entity361 of the gastrointestinal tract. The most effective treatment for unresectable @entity5 is @entity2213 , based on two phase II trials. Because no phase III clinical trial has been undertaken, we sought to determine both current population-based incidence and whether improved outcomes noted in both individual centers and clinical trials have also been observed in a large prospective @entity5 registry earlier and after the introduction of @entity2213 . STUDY DESIGN: The 13-center cumulative @entity5 registry (April 2005 release) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried from 1992 to 2002 to determine incidence and associated outcomes for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity677 . Confirmations of incidence trends using the incident Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS, 2005 release) were also determined. RESULTS: A 25-fold age-adjusted increase in incidence of @entity677 , from 0.028 per 100,000 in 1992 to 0.688 per 100,000 in 2002, was observed. This increase is mostly because smooth- @entity11090 have been reclassified as @entity674 , but it also represents a 50% increase in population- and age-adjusted gastrointestinal @entity361 diagnosis since 1992. Despite rising @entity677 incidence rates, there has been a marked improvement in survival since 2000, coinciding with the introduction of the @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity2213 into clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of @entity677 has dramatically increased since 1992. Survivals have greatly improved since 2000, when @entity2213 was FDA approved.

title: Current incidence and outcomes of XXXX including @entity674 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors', 'mesenchymal tumor']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity361 :: (MESH:C535700,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors']


abstract: @entity1771 is a new anti- @entity302 drug with proven efficacy against partial @entity410 in adults. A retrospective assessment of the use of @entity1771 in drug-resistant childhood @entity302 was undertaken. Thirty-four @entity1 (median age of 10 years; range 2-18 years) were treated for a median of 9 months (range 6-18 months). The starting dose was 0.25-2.0 mg/kg/day increasing to a maximum of 13 mg/kg/day. Generalized @entity410 occurred in 27 @entity1 , partial @entity410 in 15 and @entity739 in two. @entity302 were localization-related in 15 @entity1 and generalized in 18. One @entity1 had severe @entity3148 in @entity950 . Two @entity1 had @entity5761 , five (two currently and three previously) had @entity739 and one had @entity302 with @entity3148 . Twenty @entity1 had a substantial (> 50%) reduction in @entity410 frequency; two of whom became @entity410 -free. Two- @entity1 had an increase in @entity410 . Efficacy was seen against simple and complex partial @entity410 , generalized @entity410 (primarily generalized), @entity410 , @entity410 and @entity739 . There was no response in the one @entity1 with @entity2048 . Adverse effects were reported in nine @entity1 ; appetite suppression occurred in five @entity1 , behaviour disturbances in three, somnolence in two and poor concentration in one @entity1 . @entity1771 is efficacious in a wide spectrum of childhood @entity302 and is well tolerated.

title: @entity1771 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5761 :: ('MESH:D065768', 'Disease') :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'atonic and tonic seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures', 'myoclonic seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms', 'West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate', 'Topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic absence seizures']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic epilepsy', 'myoclonic absences']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['drug-resistant epilepsies']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Clinical case series. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to clarify symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and treatment of @entity614 , and the role of diagnostic C4 root block in this entity. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although well understood cervical @entity751 have been described for symptoms originating from impingement on the C2, C3, C5, C6, C7, and C8 roots, less has been written about the syndrome(s) associated with the C4 root. METHODS: The senior author reviewed surgical records and describes his personal experience with the diagnosis and treatment of @entity614 . RESULTS: A total of 712 procedures for @entity614 without @entity602 were reviewed. Among that cohort, 13 procedures involved the C4 root only and five procedures involved two level procedures including the C4 root. @entity1 described @entity158 as involving the axial cervical region, paraspinal muscles, trapezius muscle, and interscapular region. No @entity1 described @entity158 over the anterior chest wall or radiating distal to the shoulder, one described @entity158 over the medial clavicle. All @entity1 who were offered surgery had a positive response to a diagnostic C4 transforaminal single nerve root block. Thirteen @entity1 underwent posterior foraminotomy (five at two levels) and five @entity1 underwent an anterior discectomy and fusion at C3-4. Mean @entity717 Index score significantly declined; preoperative score 24.3 (range 14-29), postoperative score 9.7 (range 2-18; P=0.003) at >= 3 months. Mean Short Form-36v2 score significantly increased; preoperative score 34.2 (range 20-40.2), postoperative score 73.7 (range 40.5-88.3, P=0.001) at >= 3 months. CONCLUSION: C4 root symptoms overlap those of the C3 and C5 roots and are very similar to facet mediated @entity158 . Asymptomatic @entity850 may be a common imaging finding, it can be difficult to diagnose @entity614 clinically. Diagnostic C4 root block can make an accurate diagnosis and lead to successful surgical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: Diagnosis and Treatment of C4 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomal/myotomal syndromes']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['C4 foraminal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['C4 radiculopathy', 'cervical radiculopathy']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['Radiculopathy']


abstract: Disruption of structural and functional neural connectivity has been widely reported in @entity72 ( @entity72 ) but there is a striking lack of research attempting to integrate analysis of functional and structural connectivity in the same study population, an approach that may provide key insights into the specific neurobiological underpinnings of altered functional connectivity in @entity2438 . The aims of this study were (1) to determine whether functional connectivity abnormalities were associated with @entity62 (WM) in @entity72 and (2) to examine the relationships between aberrant neural connectivity and behavior in @entity72 . Twenty-two individuals with @entity72 and 22 age, IQ-matched controls completed a high-angular-resolution diffusion MRI scan. Structural connectivity was analysed using constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) based tractography. Regions for tractography were generated from the results of a previous study, in which 10 pairs of brain regions showed abnormal functional connectivity during visuospatial processing in @entity72 . WM tracts directly connected 5 of the 10 region pairs that showed abnormal functional connectivity; linking a region in the @entity1625 (left BA19) and five paired regions: left caudate head, left caudate body, left uncus, left thalamus, and left cuneus. Measures of WM microstructural organization were extracted from these tracts. Fractional anisotropy (FA) reductions in the @entity72 group relative to controls were significant for WM connecting left BA19 to left caudate head and left BA19 to left thalamus. Using a multimodal imaging approach, this study has revealed aberrant WM microstructure in tracts that directly connect brain regions that are abnormally functionally connected in @entity72 . These results provide novel evidence to suggest that structural brain pathology may contribute (1) to abnormal functional connectivity and (2) to atypical visuospatial processing in @entity72 .

title: Abnormal functional connectivity during visuospatial processing is associated with disrupted organisation of white matter in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['left occipital lobe']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormalities of white matter']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['Autism Spectrum Disorder', 'ASD']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: Crossbred beef heifers (n = 78) were assigned randomly to one of three treatments. Heifers received either no implant, one @entity53 -releasing implant (Compudose), or two @entity53 -releasing implants. Heifers were implanted at birth and then reimplanted every 150 d. @entity291 were maintained with the @entity291 until weaning at approximately 200 d of age. Heifers were placed in the feedlot as one group and fed a growing diet for 56 d. Following the growing phase, heifers were segregated into their respective treatment groups and fed until selected by industry buyers for harvest. Beginning at 1 yr of age and continuing every 14 d until puberty or harvest, heifers were palpated per rectum, and blood samples were collected for determination of ovarian activity and attainment of puberty. Serum @entity1420 of > or =1 ng/mL and(or) palpation of a detectable corpus luteum were criteria of puberty. At weaning and again at harvest, an x-ray was taken of the left front leg of six heifers selected randomly from each group. Metacarpal bones III and IV from the same animals were collected at harvest and transected for determination of epiphyseal plate closure. The x-ray scores and the actual measurements had a correlation of .94. Epiphyseal plate closure occurred in a dose-related manner, with heifers on the higher dose of @entity172 having earlier plate closure than heifers on the lower dose. At harvest, reproductive tissues and carcass data were collected for all heifers. Eighteen of 25 untreated control heifers (P < .05), 6 of 26 heifers treated with one implant, and 2 of 26 heifers treated with two implants attained puberty by the end of the experiment. No differences (P > .10) were detected among treatment groups for carcass traits. These data suggest that early and continuous treatment of heifers with @entity53 implants can retard reproductive function.

title: Effects of long-term XXXX implants in beef heifers.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The phenotypes of B cells and dendritic cells in @entity1 thymus were examined immunohistochemically using various monoclonal antibodies. Normal thymus contained a few B lymphocytes recognized by @entity1075 , @entity2225 , @entity10317 , @entity16601 and LN-2, which were localized in the medulla. These B cells were negative for @entity16600 , @entity48659 and @entity2935 (Leu M5). Activated B cells recognized by @entity7527 (B6) and @entity48660 antibodies were not present in normal thymus. Dendritic cells stained by @entity2935 were weakly positive for @entity16601 and @entity2225 . There was no difference in the distribution of dendritic cells between normal thymus and thymus from the @entity1 . In the thymus from @entity1 with @entity1737 , numerous B cells were demonstrated in the medullary area and lymphoid follicles. Activated B cells were seen mainly in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles and were scarce in the medulla. Many B cells were also found in the medulla and lymphoid follicles of the thymus from @entity1 with @entity31 . However most of those B cells were not activated, even in the lymphoid follicles. These results suggest that thymic B cells may contribute to the induction of @entity1200 in @entity1 with @entity1737 and those with @entity31 , however, the mechanisms by which thymic B cells participate in the pathogenesis of these two diseases would be different.

title: Immunohistochemical study of thymic B cells in XXXX and @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune abnormalities']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To give an overview of factors related to the level of physical activity in @entity1 with @entity570 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: An extensive systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL and Embase. Inclusion criteria were: studies on @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity571 of hip and/or knee, studies describing factors related to physical activity (objective or subjective), full length articles that were published in Dutch, German or English language. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality. A best-evidence synthesis was performed for factors which were investigated in two or more studies. RESULTS: Eight studies were included, all with a cross-sectional design (five high quality and three low quality studies), resulting in, at most, limited evidence in the best-evidence synthesis. For @entity1 with knee @entity571 there is limited evidence that a lower level of physical function is associated with a lower level of physical activity. There is also limited evidence that @entity308 is not associated with the level of physical activity. For @entity1 with @entity570 there is limited evidence that higher age, higher body mass index (BMI) and a low level of physical function is associated with a low level of physical activity. CONCLUSION: A high age ( @entity570 ), a high BMI ( @entity570 ) and a low level of physical function (both hip and knee @entity571 ) are related to a low level of physical activity. However, the level of evidence was only limited. Before new strategies and interventions to increase physical activity in @entity1 with @entity571 can be developed, high quality longitudinal studies are needed to get more insight in the causality between factors and low levels of physical activity.

title: Factors associated with physical activity in XXXX with @entity570 or knee: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip or knee osteoarthritis', 'hip OA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 28-year-old @entity1 with compensated @entity1575 ( @entity1 B) and after 4 episodes of esophageal variceal bleeding received prophylactic endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy in our Gastroenterology Clinic for 8 consecutive months. Sclerotherapy of the esophageal varices had been performed at monthly intervals until variceal obliteration was achieved. Both the intravariceal and paravariceal injection techniques were used and injections were repeated periodically as necessary. On the 8th month, 1 week after the 4th sclerotherapy procedure, the @entity1 complained of @entity4 on his right shoulder and on his right arm. There was jugular congestion and @entity4 of his right arm and right shoulder. The @entity1 was hemodynamically stable. An X-ray of brachial venography revealed an obstruction of the vena subclavia dextra. During follow-up, the jugular congestion and @entity4 of his right arm gradually subsided spontaneously over a 6-month period without any need for medication. There has been no recurrence of his symptoms during the 1-year follow-up period. Now, he is still well clinically. This experience suggests that endoscopic injection sclerotherapy may cause @entity715 of the @entity2994 which have been never seen before.

title: A rare complication of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy: @entity715 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian vein']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['subclavian vein']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of @entity55 caused by @entity3069 -intracellulare (MAI) in individuals with neither predisposing @entity358 nor @entity465 . We reviewed the records of 20 @entity1 with @entity19262 (including 19 female @entity1 ) whose past history and previous chest radiographs revealed no predisposing @entity358 . We analysed the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from these 20 @entity1 and from six normal female controls. The BALF was recovered directly from the relevant segment that was identified with chest-computed tomography. The BALF cell profiles showed significantly elevated counts for total cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils, but the macrophage cell count was not elevated. The CD4+ lymphocyte count and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly increased compared with those in the controls. The lymphocytes demonstrated phenotypical evidence of activation, with increased expression of human leukocyte antigen-D-related antigen (HLA-DR). The @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations were significantly increased. The neutrophil elastase concentration was also increased, and it was significantly correlated with the neutrophil cell count in the BALF. These findings suggest that the increased counts of activated CD4+ lymphocytes and neutrophils and the elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil elastase appear to be common characteristics in @entity3069 -intracellulare infection.

title: Analysis of BAL fluid in @entity3069 -intracellulare infection in individuals without predisposing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity19262 :: ('MESH:D015270', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary MAI infection']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung disease']


abstract: The generation of @entity556 by the prothrombinase complex constitutes an essential step in hemostasis, with @entity556 being crucial for the amplification of @entity1003 , fibrin formation, and platelet activation. In the prothrombinase complex, the activated form of @entity5337 (FVa) is an essential cofactor to the enzyme-activated factor X ( @entity6236 ), @entity6236 being virtually ineffective in the absence of its cofactor. Besides its procoagulant potential, intact factor V (FV) has an anticoagulant cofactor capacity functioning in synergy with protein S and @entity10855 ( @entity10855 ) in @entity10855 -catalyzed inactivation of the activated form of factor VIII. The expression of anticoagulant cofactor function of FV is dependent on @entity10855 -mediated proteolysis of intact FV. Thus, FV has the potential to function in procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways, with its functional properties being modulated by proteolysis exerted by procoagulant and anticoagulant enzymes. The procoagulant enzymes factor Xa and @entity556 are both able to activate circulating FV to FVa. The activity of FVa is, in turn, regulated by @entity10855 together with its cofactor protein S. In fact, the regulation of @entity556 formation proceeds primarily through the upregulation and downregulation of FVa cofactor activity, and failure to control FVa activity may result in either bleeding or @entity715 complications. A prime example is @entity10855 resistance, which is the most common genetic risk factor for @entity715 . It is caused by a single point mutation in the FV gene (factor V(Leiden)) that not only renders FVa less susceptible to the proteolytic inactivation by @entity10855 but also impairs the anticoagulant properties of FV. This review gives a description of the dualistic character of FV and describes the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions that are important for the involvement of FV in the etiology of @entity1211 .

title: Factor V and XXXX : description of a janus-faced protein.

entities_list: @entity5337 :: ('2153', 'Gene') :: ['coagulation factor V']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity10855 :: ('MESH:D020016', 'Disease') :: ['activated protein C', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombotic disease']


abstract: Analysis of T lymphocyte subsets made a great progress in attempting their important role in host defence against @entity5 . As the major regulatory elements in the immune system, helper ( @entity404 +) and suppressor ( @entity405 +) T cells are required for recognizing a large scale of surface antigen on @entity5 cells and subsequently, for mediating the regression of @entity5 . Many data suggest that T cell immunity system is not intact in different @entity5 . The malignant disorders of hemopoietic tissue are frequently associated with @entity73 , the mechanism(s) of which is still unresolved. In recent years, defects in immunoregulatory T cell network have been repeatedly proposed as the cause of this alteration and might be considered as a parameter of @entity465 in those @entity1 . The additional disturbance of T cell immunoregulatory system may be induced by different extrinsic factors. In this context the chemotherapeutic agents with their non-selective action, including an immunomodulatory activity, should be involved in the evaluation of lymphocyte subset changes during treatment. In this brief review we analyzed the data concerning the T cell subset changes, both numerical and functional, before and in course of the treatment of @entity1 with different @entity1583 . According to this consideration, it might be suggested that the immune system of these @entity1 have some capacity to recover from the suppressive effect of chemotherapy, although not sufficiently to be normalized. The long-term monitoring of a larger scale of immunological parameters may probably help us to resolve whether T lymphocyte subset changes are related only to the therapy or, in some instance, might be connected with compromised natural host defence mechanisms in oncohematologic @entity1 .

title: The different level of immunological recovery after chemotherapy in leukemia and lymphoma XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease', 'cancers', 'malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['T cell functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Microencapsulated islets of Langerhans have been proposed as a bioartificial pancreas. However, foreign @entity6377 with @entity82 has been observed around implanted microcapsules. Since macrophages are present in this reaction and @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ), a cytokine released by activated macrophages, may induce @entity82 , we tested the capacity of alginate- @entity7055 microcapsules to activate macrophages. @entity1 monocytes were isolated from whole blood of healthy donors by a Ficoll density gradient and adherence to a plastic support. Monocytes were cultured for 24 h with: (1) alginate- @entity7055 microcapsules; (2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (positive control group); and (3) alone (negative control group). Monocyte activation was evaluated by measuring the secretion of @entity1356 and the production of intracellular @entity1192 and @entity1356 . Macrophages characterization was performed by immunocytological subtyping. @entity1356 release and intracellular @entity1356 and @entity1192 production were significantly higher when macrophages were cultured with alginate- @entity7055 microcapsules than when macrophages were cultured alone. In conclusion, macrophages are activated in vitro by alginate- @entity7055 microcapsules. This effect may be involved in the @entity82 observed in vivo around implanted microcapsules. In addition, @entity1192 , released during macrophage activation, may cross the microcapsule membrane and impair islet function.

title: In vitro activation of @entity1 macrophages by alginate- XXXX microcapsules.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6377 :: ('MESH:D005549', 'Disease') :: ['body reaction']

entities_list: @entity7055 :: ('MESH:D011107', 'Chemical') :: ['polylysine']

answer: @entity7055 :: (MESH:D011107,Chemical) :: ['polylysine']


abstract: We report three cases of complete response (CR) after treatment with UFT/LV for recurrent @entity14 . Case 1: A 44-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with multiple liver metastases after resection of @entity5 . UFT (500 mg/day)/ @entity4181 (75 mg/day) was administered. Metastatic lesions of the liver completely disappeared on computed tomography(CT)one month after chemotherapy. Grade 2 @entity3638 and grade 1 @entity294 , @entity2118 and @entity1910 were recognized. No signs of recurrence were observed for 35 months. Case 2: A 66-year-old @entity1 who underwent left colectomy and partial hepatectomy for transverse @entity694 and descending @entity694 with @entity409 was determined to have multiple lung metastases. UFT/LV therapy was started. The lung lesions became only scars 7 months later. Adverse events were not seen. No other recurrence was found over 20 months. Case 3: A 66- year-old @entity1 was detected with a lymph node recurrence after surgery for @entity5 . CT revealed the disappearance of the @entity5 after 7 courses of UFT/LV therapy. Grade 2 @entity3638 appeared. Recurrence was not observed for 22 months, and the treatment has been discontinued.

title: [Three cases of complete response after treatment with UFT and XXXX for recurrent @entity14 ].

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cecal cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Vaginal dryness and @entity546 are significant @entity172 -depletion symptoms that affect many @entity0 survivors. The present trial was developed to evaluate the nonhormonal vaginal lubricating preparation, Replens, for alleviating these symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind, crossover, randomized clinical trial was developed. @entity1 received 4 weeks of Replens (Columbia Research Laboratories, Rockville Centre, NY) followed by a 1-week washout period followed by 4 weeks of a placebo lubricating product, or vice versa. Weekly @entity1 -completed diaries were used for measuring efficacies and @entity137 of therapy. RESULTS: The 45 assessable @entity1 provided well-balanced treatment groups. During the first 4 weeks, average vaginal dryness decreased by 62% and 64% in the placebo and Replens groups, respectively (P = .3). Average @entity546 scores also improved by 41% and 60%, respectively (P = .05). Crossover analysis indicated that the bulk of the beneficial effects appeared within the first 2 weeks of the first treatment and remained constant thereafter. Both treatments were relatively well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Both Replens and the placebo appear to substantially ameliorate vaginal dryness and @entity546 in @entity0 survivors.

title: Phase III randomized double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy of a polycarbophil-based vaginal moisturizer in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The activity of @entity1495 was evaluated in placental tissue from healthy subjects (controls) and from @entity1 with gestational and pre-existing @entity6 (GDM and PDM, respectively). Compared with controls, @entity1495 activity was greater in placental tissue from @entity1 with PDM and lower in placental tissue from @entity1 with GDM. The modulatory role of @entity842 (NO) and reactive @entity26 species (ROS) on @entity1495 activity in placental tissue was evaluated. In healthy placenta, NO synthase inhibitors diminished @entity1495 activity, whereas NO donors enhanced it. The addition of @entity3624 / @entity3624 oxidase or @entity273 to placental incubates enhanced @entity1495 activity, while the addition of @entity224 dismutase (SOD) diminished it. In placental tissue from @entity1 with PDM, @entity1495 activity was stimulated by NO and by ROS. In placental tissue from @entity1 with PDM, concentrations of @entity3362 / @entity2648 and @entity4466 -reactive substances (TBARS) were enhanced, whereas SOD activity was decreased, suggesting that elevated concentrations of NO and ROS may be related to the enhanced @entity1495 concentrations found in these tissues. In placenta from GDM @entity1 , in which a diminished concentration of @entity1495 were detected, @entity1507 / @entity3542 concentrations were increased, but placental @entity1495 activity did not change in the presence of either NO donors or inhibitors. The activity of @entity1495 in placental tissue from @entity1 with GDM was stimulated by ROS donor systems and was inhibited by the addition of SOD; however, TBARS and SOD concentrations were unchanged in these tissues compared with controls. These findings demonstrate that placental @entity1495 activity is modulated by NO and ROS and that, in @entity6 pathology, NO and ROS may determine changes in @entity1495 activity, which are probably involved in the structural and functional abnormalities of @entity6 placental tissue.

title: Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in placental tissue from XXXX with pre-existing and @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9']

entities_list: @entity2648 :: ('MESH:D009573', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrites']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Population based prevalence survey is an important epidemiological index to measure the burden of @entity378 and monitor progress towards @entity378 control in high burden countries like Ethiopia. This study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed @entity1907 ( @entity1907 ) in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. METHODS: Sixteen @entity22550 were randomly selected in a stratified multistage cluster sampling. Individuals aged 15  years and older were screened by symptom inquiry for @entity1907 . Those individuals who were symptomatic of @entity1907 provided two sputum samples for smear microscopy, culture and molecular typing. RESULTS: The study covering 4,765 households screened a total of 12,175 individuals aged 15  years and above. The overall weighted prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed @entity1907 in the Tigray region of Ethiopia was found to be 216/100,000 (95% CI: 202.08, 230.76) while the weighted prevalence of smear-positive @entity1907 was 169/100,000 (95% CI: 155.53, 181.60). The prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed @entity378 was higher amongst males (352/100 000; 95% CI: 339.05, 364.52) than females (162/100 000; 95% CI: 153.60, 171.17) and among rural (222/100,000; 95% CI: 212.77-231.53) as compared to urban residents (193/100,000; 95% CI: 183.39-203.59). CONCLUSIONS: This study found a relatively higher prevalence smear-positive @entity1907 in the region than in a same period nationwide survey and identified a significant number of undetected @entity1907 cases. The urgency for improved @entity378 case detection and intensified community awareness is emphasized.

title: Population-based prevalence survey of XXXX in the Tigray region of Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis (TB) disease', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity22550 :: ('MESH:C538276', 'Disease') :: ['rural and urban villages']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'PTB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is a risk of @entity741 in @entity1 with @entity1146 and intact @entity67 associated with the right ventricle-dependent @entity301 . In this @entity1 group, the @entity26 delivery to the myocardium depends on the @entity26 saturation of the right ventricular cavity. We hypothesized that bidirectional Glenn shunt would improve the oxygenation of right ventricle-dependent @entity301 relative to a @entity358 shunt. The reduction of systemic venous return to the right atrium due to a bidirectional Glenn shunt could increase the @entity26 saturation of the right ventricle in the clinical setting, when the mixture of systemic and pulmonary venous blood is unchanged at the atrial level. METHODS: @entity1 with right ventricle-dependent @entity301 were defined as those with right ventricle-coronary artery fistulas plus stenoses of the right or left coronary arteries. For 7 @entity1 with right ventricle-dependent @entity301 before and after bidirectional Glenn shunt, cardiac catheterization was performed and the @entity26 saturation of the right ventricular cavity was measured. RESULTS: For all 7 @entity1 , the bidirectional Glenn shunt was performed at a mean age of 18 months. Ischemic changes in the electrocardiogram before the bidirectional Glenn shunt improved after the procedure in 2 @entity1 . The @entity26 saturation of the right ventricular cavity before the bidirectional Glenn shunt was 54.6 +/- 8.8%, and that after the BGS significantly increased to 75.6% +/- 5.8% (P < .01). All 7 @entity1 have subsequently undergone the Fontan procedure with excellent results. CONCLUSION: Early bidirectional Glenn shunt could prevent progression of @entity741 in @entity1146 with intact @entity67 with right ventricle-dependent @entity301 .

title: Does a bidirectional Glenn shunt improve the oxygenation of right ventricle-dependent XXXX in @entity1146 with intact @entity67 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary circulation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['systemic-pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septum']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary circulation']


abstract: In previous studies, we reported a high rate of @entity2208 in insulin-dependent @entity6 . Abortions were associated with poor first-trimester glycemic control. We hypothesized that improvement of glycemic control from one pregnancy to the other would improve fetal outcome and that deterioration of glycemic control would increase the likelihood of abortion. We studied prospectively 43 insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 (White class B-RF) with two consecutive pregnancies, recruited before 9 weeks' gestation. Preprandial and 90-minute postprandial blood @entity413 concentrations were measured at each weekly visit. Glycohemoglobin A1 was measured at 9 weeks' gestation. Twenty @entity1 had two successful pregnancies and 15 had an abortion followed by a successful pregnancy (abortion-no abortion); the sample sizes for other sequences (no @entity5852 , N = 5; and @entity5852 , N = 3) were too small to allow for analysis. Glycohemoglobin A1 concentrations were stable in the sequence no abortion-no abortion (9.7 +/- 0.5 versus 9.8 +/- 0.4%, mean +/- SEM; not significant), whereas in the sequence abortion-no abortion, there was a significant decrease in glycohemoglobin A1 values from the nonsuccessful to the successful pregnancy (10.7 +/- 0.6 versus 9.3 +/- 0.4%; P = .01). Similarly, in the sequence abortion-no abortion, there was a significant decrease in mean postprandial blood @entity413 from first to second pregnancy (166 +/- 13 versus 135 +/- 11 mg/dL; P = .04), whereas in the sequence no abortion-no abortion, mean postprandial blood @entity413 did not change significantly (160 +/- 14 versus 144 +/- 11 mg/dL; not significant).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in repeat @entity6 : a relationship with glycemic control.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortion-abortion']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic pregnancies', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['Spontaneous abortions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unusual for a @entity1 to manifest both morbid @entity28 and @entity407 . Certain of these individuals may also have a history of hypertriglyceridemic @entity788 . We report six morbidly obese @entity753 @entity1 , two with recurrent hypertriglyceridemic @entity788 , who were managed by concurrent gastric restrictive surgery and a partial ileal bypass operation. METHODS: The first dual procedure was performed on January 6 1992, and the most recent on February 20 1997. Our series consists of two males and four females, with an average age of 35.5 years at the time of surgery. The mean preoperative weight of these @entity1 was 116.8 kg, and the mean BMI was 39.7 kg/m2. The preoperative mean total plasma @entity165 was 5.5 g/l and the mean plasma @entity412 was 30.61 g/l; the two @entity1 with a history of hypertriglyceridemic @entity788 had plasma @entity412 levels of 33.6 g/l and 65 g/l. RESULTS: The average weight reduction, using available follow-up intervals was 40.3 kg (34.5%), with a mean postoperative BMI of 20.0 kg/m2 (34.8% reduction). The markedly elevated total plasma @entity165 and plasma @entity412 levels were normalized, with a postoperative mean total plasma @entity165 of 1.47 g/l (73.3% reduction) and a concomitant mean plasma @entity412 of 1.63 g/l (94.7% reduction). The two @entity1 with a history of @entity788 sustained @entity412 reductions of 96.5% and 94.1%, and neither @entity1 has had an episode of @entity788 following the dual operative procedures. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the combination of a gastric restrictive operation with a partial ileal bypass procedure represents excellent management for @entity1 with both morbid @entity28 and @entity1007 , especially if the @entity1007 is accompanied by hypertriglyceridemic @entity788 .

title: @entity28 surgery combined with partial ileal bypass for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the frequency and natural course of mediastinal masses in asymptomatic @entity1 at high risk for @entity2 who were undergoing computed tomographic (CT) screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Informed consent and institutional review board approval for this HIPAA-compliant study were obtained at each participating institution. All documented mediastinal masses among the 9263 baseline and 11 126 annual repeat screenings performed in the Early Lung Cancer Action Project (ELCAP) and its successor project, the New York ELCAP, were identified. Two radiologists confirmed all cases, identified the location and measured the diameter (average of length and width) of each mass, and reviewed all subsequent CT and clinical and surgical results. The prevalence and incidence of mediastinal masses were then determined. RESULTS: Of the 9263 individuals, 71 had a mediastinal mass seen at baseline screening (prevalence of 0.77%). Of the 71 masses, 41 were thymic, 16 were thyroidal, two were @entity418 , six were @entity23089 , and six were other masses. Among the 11 126 annual repeat screenings, only one new mediastinal mass was identified (incidence of 0.01%). This suggests a long average duration for mediastinal masses in asymptomatic @entity1 . Among the 41 thymic masses, five were larger than 3.0 cm in diameter, and all five were resected; of these five, one was a thymic @entity189 and four were @entity704 . Of the remaining 36 thymic masses, 25 were evaluated at follow-up @entity7487 year later: Five had increased in diameter, two had decreased, and 18 remained unchanged. All 16 thyroid masses were due to @entity5651 ; none of these were changed at follow-up @entity7487 year later. CONCLUSION: Mediastinal masses found in the context of CT screening for @entity2 in asymptomatic @entity1 should be approached in a "conservative" manner; this includes thymic masses smaller than 3 cm in diameter, as most of these remain unchanged or even decrease in size.

title: CT screening for XXXX : prevalence and incidence of mediastinal masses.

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['noninvasive thymomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity23089 :: ('MESH:D004936', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal-esophageal diverticula']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancers']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']