abstract: 1. The acute hormonal, renal and haemodynamic effects of @entity49609 , a new @entity8123 ( @entity8123 ) inhibitor, were evaluated in @entity35 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) produced by coronary ligation. 2. @entity1002 and left ventricular end diastolic pressure were significantly decreased by @entity49609 treatment. 3. @entity49609 improved cardiac function by increasing cardiac index and decreasing total peripheral resistance. 4. @entity49609 induced a transient but significant diuresis and natriuresis. 5. These effects were associated with significant increases in urinary atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and @entity8262 excretion, but not with an increase in plasma ANP levels. 6. The results suggest that @entity8123 inhibition may be a new therapeutic method for treating @entity712 possibly by potentiating the biological activities of endogenous ANP.

title: Effect of @entity8123 inhibitor in @entity35 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity8123 :: ('24590(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['NEP', 'neutral endopeptidase']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular systolic pressure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to evaluate the overall efficacy and tolerability of novel antipsychotic medications for @entity1 with @entity162 type I. METHOD: A retrospective study of the Massachusetts General Hospital Bipolar Clinic database was carried out to identify 50 consecutive treatment trials in @entity1 with DSM-IV @entity162 type I who had received adjunctive treatment with @entity1090 , @entity1037 , or @entity1088 , along with standard mood stabilizers. The treatment charts of those @entity1 (N = 42) were reviewed for details of adverse effects, tolerability, and efficacy of medication. RESULTS: Overall results indicated equivalent efficacy in novel antipsychotic treatments according to change in Clinical Global Impressions scale score. Levels of @entity21 were similar in all groups and occurred in 12/42 @entity1 (28.6%). @entity4090 -related side effects were not observed in any @entity1 . There were no cases of affective switch or worsening of @entity162 . Substantial @entity1017 of more than 10 lb (4.5 kg) was significantly greater in @entity1 treated with @entity1037 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the efficacy and tolerability of @entity1090 , @entity1037 , and @entity1088 are similar in @entity1 with @entity162 . One major differentiation factor of these drugs appears to be @entity1017 , particularly between @entity1037 and @entity1090 . This may, in part, also be related to the need to use mood-stabilizing agents, like @entity1091 or divalproex @entity1372 , which may potentiate the weight-gain effect of novel antipsychotics.

title: A naturalistic comparison of XXXX , @entity1090 , and @entity1037 in the treatment of @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['clozapine']


abstract: Four @entity1 with @entity39790 ( @entity10792 ) and 30 control @entity1 with normal erythropoiesis were studied by a cell culture method in which @entity1 marrow, grown in a plasma clot, responds to added @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) with the appearance of discrete colonies of nucleated erythroid cells. The colonies arise from @entity1307 -responsive stem cells and are not related to the number of morphologically identifiable marrow erythroids plated. Results of studies on control marrow indicated that without @entity1307 there was little or no colony formation. Increasing @entity1307 doses or nucleated marrow cells per culture resulted in a linear increase in colony numbers. The optimal @entity1307 concentration of 2.5 U/ml yielded a mean of 158 +/- 79 colonies/1 x 10(5) nucleated cells on day 7 of incubation. Even in the absence of recognizable erythroids, marrows of all four @entity1 with @entity417 grew @entity10792 . Two @entity1 on no therapy had decreased colony numbers. The other two, on @entity229 , had normal numbers. Sera from @entity1 did not inhibit colony formation from either autologous or control marrow. In contrast, serum from an adult with acquired pure red cell aplasia produced striking inhibition of colony growth. It appears that the red cell failure in this disorder is not due to an absence of erythroid stem cells, and a serum inhibitor to erythropoiesis as seen in the acquired disease is unlikely.

title: Erythroid colony growth in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39790 :: ('MESH:D029502', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypoplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity10792 :: ('MESH:D029503', 'Disease') :: ['erythroid colonies', 'Diamond-Blackfan syndrome']

answer: @entity39790 :: (MESH:D029502,Disease) :: ['congenital hypoplastic anemia']


abstract: The incidence of @entity3604 is rapidly increasing. Following low @entity174 are frequently classified as pelvic @entity174 . Based on the pelvic expert group database of the German @entity130 Society the estimated rate of @entity3604 is about 51%. In cases of fractured pubic rami standard X-ray in anterior-posterior, inlet and outlet views should be carried out by computed tomography (CT) scanning to identify @entity174 of the sacrum. Only if @entity158 persists and no @entity174 is evident with CT is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated. Therapy should be carried out under biomechanical instability aspects. Pubic rami @entity174 are stable and treated conservatively with sufficient @entity158 medication, @entity1031 prophylaxis and physiotherapy. In cases of persisting @entity158 or biomechanical instability operative treatment is indicated and stabilization methods should be chosen under biomechanical aspects. Therefore external fixator for @entity174 and iliosacral screws, optionally with cement augmentation for posterior pelvic @entity174 are the preferred techniques. @entity174 with severe @entity3061 should be stabilized by lumbopelvic fixation techniques.

title: [ XXXX of the pelvis].

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic pelvic ring fractures', 'osteoporotic pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'girdle fractures', 'pubic rami fractures', 'Sacral fractures', 'fracture', 'energy trauma fractures']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['Osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: AIMS: Progression of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 is a growing problem. @entity6 is associated with elevated @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) and enhanced renal expression of the endothelin A receptor ( @entity2231 ). @entity9469 , a highly selective @entity2231 antagonist, reduces @entity633 in @entity1 with DN. KEY METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind trial of subjects with type 2 @entity6 on renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors having @entity470 >20 ml/min, and urine albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio (UACR) of 100-3000 mg/g, who were allocated to placebo, 0.25, 0.75 or 1.75 mg @entity9469 . KEY FINDINGS: UACR was reduced in the 0.75 mg and 1.75 mg groups (42% and 35% vs placebo, P<0.011) over the 8 week treatment period. @entity4 was reported in 21 subjects: 62% of @entity4 events emerged during the first 4 weeks. There were no significant changes in serum hsCRP, @entity650 , NT-pro-BNP, @entity2232 , urine @entity2533 or @entity2842 . Urine @entity15901 was reduced 24% in the 1.75 mg group (P=0.044). Hispanic subjects (58% of total) tended to have greater UACR reductions than non-Hispanics (0.75 mg dose: Hispanic: 41-60%; non-Hispanic: 18-37%; P=0.012 and 0.048 vs placebo, respectively) without different rates of @entity4 . Mean UACR reduction in subjects receiving maximum doses of RAS inhibitors (38%) was 32% and 35% in the 0.75 and 1.75 mg groups, respectively, and similar to overall UACR changes. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity4 formation was dose-dependent and occurred early. The decrease in urine @entity15901 warrants further study in @entity8 attenuation. UACR responses based on ethnicity need further characterization. Results suggest @entity9469 may have additive effects to RAS inhibition in treatment of DN.

title: Clinical efficacy of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist, @entity9469 , in @entity1 with diabetes and chronic kidney disease ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity9469 :: ('MESH:C430623', 'Chemical') :: ['atrasentan', 'Atrasentan']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['CKD']


abstract: Membrane vesicles are shed by @entity5 cells both in vivo and in vitro. Although their functions are not well understood, it has been proposed that they may play multiple roles in @entity5 progression. We characterized membrane vesicles from @entity1 HT1080 @entity1492 cell cultures for the presence of proteinases involved in @entity5 invasion. By gelatin zymography and Western blotting, these vesicles showed major bands corresponding to the zymogen and active forms of gelatinase B ( @entity1495 ) and gelatinase A ( @entity1476 ) and to the @entity1495 . tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 complex. Both gelatinases appeared to be associated with the vesicle membrane. HT1080 cell vesicles also showed a strong, plasminogen-dependent fibrinolytic activity in 125I fibrin assays; this activity was associated with urokinase plasminogen activator, as shown by casein zymography and Western blotting. Urokinase was bound to its high affinity receptor on the vesicle membrane. Addition of plasminogen resulted in activation of the progelatinases associated with the vesicles, indicating a role of the urokinase-plasmin system in @entity1476 and @entity1495 activation. We propose that vesicles shed by @entity5 cells may provide a large membrane surface for the activation of membrane-associated proteinases involved in extracellular matrix degradation and tissue invasion.

title: Urokinase plasminogen activator and gelatinases are associated with membrane vesicles shed by XXXX HT1080 @entity1492 cells.

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 in @entity734 are associated with a risk of amputation and are potentially lethal. Primary revascularization with an obturator bypass represents a potential alternative to local revision and arterial ligation alone. We report our experience with this approach. @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 1999 until December 2005 twelve @entity734 were treated due to @entity281 in the groin. In eight @entity1 (seven @entity1 , one @entity1 , 31 years old on average), the @entity455 could not be repaired and ligation of the femoral vessels led to critical @entity63 . Therefore, an iliaco-popliteal bypass via the foramen obturatorium was implanted either primarily or secondarily. In three @entity1 a cryopreserved homologous vein was used, five @entity1 received alloplastic grafts. RESULTS: Four of eight obturator bypasses were implanted primarily. In the other four @entity1 the initial treatment was limited to local debridement and artery ligation and an obturator bypass was implanted at a later date. Two grafts occluded within the first 30 days. Thereof one was successful thrombectomized. The other @entity1 had no critical @entity63 and he refused further surgery. Three more grafts occluded at 74, 90 and 103 days after surgery. No @entity1 demonstrated signs of @entity281 and all groin incisions healed uneventfully. A lower limb amputation became necessary in one @entity1 even though the reconstruction was patent due to embolisation of mycotic material. All @entity1 remained drug dependent throughout the followup time which was 3 months on average and ranged from one to 40 months. CONCLUSIONS: The patency of obturator bypasses was 75% at one month. This appears low, especially if one considers the youthful age of the @entity1 and the absence of @entity432 . Nevertheless, the amputation rate also remained low. Therefore, we feel that this technique may contribute to limb salvage in @entity281 in @entity734 .

title: Primary extraanatomical revascularization for XXXX in @entity734 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['defect in the artery']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial groin infections', 'groin infections', 'arterial infections', 'graft infection']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addicts']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['groin infections']


abstract: In populations of northern European ancestry, @entity9595 ( @entity9595 ) is tightly linked to mutations within the @entity9595 gene ( @entity14398 gene). Over 93% of Irish @entity9595 @entity1 are homozygous for the @entity14398 gene @entity14399 mutation, providing a reliable diagnostic marker of the disease in this population. However, the prevalence of the @entity14399 mutation and that of the second @entity14398 gene mutation, @entity14397 , have yet to be determined within the Irish population. The objective of this study was to identify the true prevalence of the genetic form of @entity9595 in the Irish population. DNA was extracted from 1002 randomly selected newborn screening cards and analyzed for the @entity14399 and @entity14397 mutations within the @entity14398 gene. Complete results were obtained from 800 cards. Mutations were identified in 364 (46%) neonates. Eight (1%) neonates were homozygous for @entity14399 and 8 (1%) were homozygous for @entity14397 . One hundred and fifty-five (19%) neonates were @entity14399 heterozygous and 226 (28%) were @entity14397 heterozygous. Of these, 33 (4%) carried one copy of both @entity14399 and @entity14397 mutations, i.e., compound heterozygous. Allele frequencies for @entity14399 and @entity14397 were 11% and 15%, respectively. The high @entity14399 allele frequency in the Irish population together with its close linkage to @entity9595 indicate that @entity14399 genotyping is the preferred screening strategy for this disease in Ireland.

title: XXXX , a Celtic disease: is it now time for population screening?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14397 :: ('p|SUB|H|63|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H63D']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemochromatosis', 'HH', 'hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity9595 :: (MESH:D006432,Disease) :: ['Genetic hemochromatosis']


abstract: @entity519 is one of many factors involved in the regulation of the IGF system. However, no information is available regarding the regulation of the IGF system by acute @entity519 in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute @entity519 on the IGF system of @entity1 . DESIGN: Twenty-seven previously health @entity1 (14 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ) aged 15 days to 9.5 years were studied in two different situations: during a @entity3290 ( @entity3290 ) due to @entity649 and after full recovery to a normoxemic state (NS). In these two situations @entity26 saturation was assessed with a pulse-oximeter and blood samples were collected for serum @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity10116 , @entity2301 , @entity2655 and insulin determination by ELISA; fluoroimmunometric assay determination for GH and also for @entity2856 gene expression analysis in peripheral lymphocytes by quantitative real-time PCR. Data were paired and analyzed by the Wilcoxon non-parametric test. RESULTS: @entity26 saturation was significantly lower during @entity3290 than in NS (P<0.0001). @entity442 and @entity5100 levels were lower during @entity3290 than in NS (P<0.0001 and P=0.0004, respectively). @entity2301 levels were also lower in @entity3290 than in NS (P=0.0002) while @entity2655 and basal GH levels were higher during @entity3290 (P=0.0015 and P=0.014, respectively). Moreover, @entity10116 levels were higher during @entity3290 than in NS (P=0.004). No difference was found regarding insulin levels. The expression of @entity2856 mRNA as 2(-/\/\CT) was higher during @entity3290 than in NS (P=0.03). CONCLUSION: The above results confirm a role of @entity519 in the regulation of the IGF system also in @entity1 . This effect could be direct on the liver and/or mediated by GH and it is not restricted to the hepatocytes but involves other cell lines. During acute @entity519 a combination of alterations usually associated with reduced IGF action was observed. The higher expression of @entity2856 mRNA may reflect an up-regulation of the transcriptional process.

title: Impact of @entity519 on @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity2301 , XXXX and @entity10116 regulation and on @entity2856 gene expression in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity3290 :: ('MESH:D062706', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemic state', 'HS']

answer: @entity2655 :: (MESH:C565957,Disease) :: ['ALS']


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate central @entity227 (30 degrees) of @entity1 suffering from @entity15 (SM). SM was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There was no posterior @entity7995 in the history of the disease. The visual acuity of examined the 28 eyes was 1,0. The results of static perimetry were analysed by regression analysis. RESULTS: There were significant relationships between @entity2915 ( @entity2915 ) and duration of the disease, stage of the disease (in Kurtzke gradation scale) and age. @entity154 ( @entity154 ) was significantly higher in the upper half of central @entity227 and between 15-30 degrees (p < 0.05). We observed positive relationships between @entity154 , short time fluctuation (STF) and corrected loss variance ( @entity7618 ). We found negative correlations between @entity2915 , @entity154 , @entity7618 and STF. Mean reliability factor RF was < 10%. CONCLUSION: Static perimetry seems to be a useful test in early diagnosis and monitoring of @entity1781 in SM.

title: [Central @entity227 in XXXX with @entity15 without symptoms of @entity7995 ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Mean defect', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['mean sensitivity', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease occasionally presents with laryngeal symptoms. Such @entity1 are often referred for a gastroenterology evaluation. This study was designed to determine whether an empiric trial of high-dose @entity4546 therapy could reliably identify @entity1 with @entity354 and thus obviate the need for a gastroenterology workup. METHODS: @entity1 were evaluated with a history, physical examination, esophageal manometry, upper endoscopy, and 24-hour pH-metry for determination of the presence of absence of underlying @entity354 and then received an empiric trial of oral @entity4546 therapy (20 mg twice daily for 1 month). A positive @entity4546 test result was defined as resolution of all laryngeal symptoms on completion of the empiric trial of therapy. RESULTS: Two @entity1 were classified as having no reflux, and eight were classified as having reflux. @entity4546 test results were positive in six @entity1 . Five of six had reflux, but one @entity1 had no evidence for reflux. @entity4546 test results were negative in four @entity1 . Three of four had reflux, and one did not. Despite the absence of antisecretory therapy, laryngeal symptoms did not recur in either @entity1 without reflux during follow-up. Laryngeal symptoms were managed in two of the three @entity1 with reflux who had negative @entity4546 test results and who were using inhalers in combination with @entity112 H2 receptor antagonist therapy for their reflux disease. One @entity1 with reflux who had a negative @entity4546 test result responded to higher doses of @entity4546 , and the five @entity1 with reflux who had positive @entity4546 test results all responded to continuation of @entity4546 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4546 test may be useful in confirming the suspicion of @entity354 in @entity1 suspected of having this disease after an otolaryngology evaluation. However, there is a potential for false-positive and false-negative test results. A gastroenterology evaluation may aid in the identification of false-positive test results by documenting the absence of reflux in certain responders.

title: Pilot study of the oral @entity4546 test for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole', 'Omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'reflux laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['reflux laryngitis']


abstract: The SYNTAX score stratifies risk among drug-eluting stent-treated @entity1 and is based on lesion characteristics alone. The Clinical SYNTAX Score (CSS) combines the SYNTAX score with age, ejection fraction, and @entity1011 clearance. We assessed its ability to stratify long-term outcomes in @entity3446 -eluting stents (SES)-treated @entity1 . Between August 2004 and March 2005, 249 @entity1 were treated with SES. Clinical follow-up was evaluated at more than 5  years. The CSS was available for 206 @entity1 . More than 5-year clinical follow-up data (mean 2114      107  days) and CSS (range 1-322, mean 35.3      49.9, median 17.5) were available for 201 @entity1 . We divided these scores into tertiles: CSS-LOW   <=  9.5, 9.5  <  CSS-MID   <=  28, and CSS-HIGH  >  28. CSS-HIGH was associated with a higher @entity204 rate (CSS-LOW 9.0  %, CSS-MID 11.9  %, CSS-HIGH 41.8  %; log-rank p  <  0.001) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (CSS-LOW 29.8  %, CSS-MID 35.8  %, CSS-HIGH 61.2  %; log-rank p  =  0.004). Independent predictors for @entity204 were hemodialysis [hazard ratio (HR) 3.82; p  <  0.001], age (HR 1.67; p  =  0.003), ejection fraction (HR 0.98, p  =  0.012) and CSS (HR 1.73, p  =  0.028), and those for MACE were hemodialysis (HR 2.53, p  =  0.002) and CSS (HR 1.40, p  =  0.028). Areas under the curve for the SYNTAX score and CSS for @entity204 were 0.60 and 0.78 (p  <  0.001), whereas those for MACE were 0.58 and 0.68 (p  <  0.001), respectively. The CSS predicts long-term outcomes among SES-treated @entity1 better than the SYNTAX score.

title: Impact of the clinical syntax score on 5-year clinical outcomes after XXXX -eluting stents implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: Therapy for obstructive @entity3551 is largely determined by whether the obstruction involves one or both kidneys, and by the age of the @entity1 . In the @entity1 and @entity1 , obstructive @entity3551 is almost always due to a @entity600 of the ureter, bladder, or urethra. Ultrasonographic prenatal diagnosis has permitted early detection and even fetal intervention for posterior urethral valves, although this form of treatment must be considered experimental at present. More important to the affected @entity1 than optimal renal development is the prevention of @entity358 , which is a consequence of fetal @entity1458 and @entity2906 . @entity3161 (UPJ) obstruction is generally unilateral, and although there is controversy regarding the timing of surgical correction, current evidence favors early pyeloplasty. In the adult, obstructive @entity8 is often acquired, with @entity1695 usually a consequence of @entity1790 . Removal of the stone can be accomplished surgically or by lithotripsy. @entity1876 is usually secondary to @entity1067 , which may progress slowly, allowing a delay in surgical intervention. @entity1494 may require intermittent catheterization or cholinergic therapy; those with @entity1494 may benefit from anticholinergics. Regardless of the @entity1 's age, prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential to planning an optimal strategy for the management of obstructive @entity3551 .

title: Therapeutic approaches in obstructive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic bladder', 'Neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital ureteropelvic junction']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity3551 :: (MESH:C536483,Disease) :: ['uropathy']


abstract: OBJECT: Current methods used to describe the proliferative status of @entity1313 rely on labor-intensive, potentially costly procedures. This article provides a description of a rapid, inexpensive, uncomplicated technique used to identify proliferating cells in tissue obtained at the time of resection. METHODS: Touch preparations of 16 fresh @entity5 and four fresh healthy temporal neocortical tissue samples were obtained at the time of surgery. Slides were placed in @entity2421 @entity4337 to permeabilize their membranes, incubated in @entity377 precursors, and labeled with @entity1603 ; they were later examined with the aid of a fluorescence microscope. The percentage of @entity5 cells in the S phase increased in conjunction with the grade of @entity5 and corresponded with the findings of immunohistochemical staining for the cell-cycle marker @entity1758 . These results were confirmed in cell culture by using normal @entity1 astrocytes and two @entity11 cell lines. Slides can be analyzed in as little as 30 minutes after removal of tissue during surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In this study the authors describe a simple method by which cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. which are contained in fresh @entity5 obtained at the time of surgery, can be labeled. This method may prove a useful adjunct to frozen-section analysis and may permit discrimination of neoplastic tissues from other tissues observed in small specimen samples.

title: Detection of proliferating S-phase XXXX cells by in situ DNA replication.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'astrocytic tumors']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this paper was to develop a new self-expandable aortic valved stent following the shape of the sinus of Valsalva, which can be deployed above native leaflets for @entity337 , and study it's effect on coronary artery flow when orthotopic implantation in and above native leaflets. METHODS: New self-expandable aortic valved stent consist of @entity5648 stent and @entity291 pericardium, and was designed following the shape of the sinus of Valsalva, the @entity291 pericardium was tailed as native leaflet. Thirty-six @entity1707 hearts were divided into three equal groups of twelve. In Group A (N.=12), the new self-expandable aortic valved stents deployed in native leaflets. In Group B (N.=12), the new self-expandable aortic valved stents deployed above native leaflets. In Group C (N.=12), the cylinder-like valved stents deployed only in native leaflets. The measurements of each coronary flow rate and endoscopic inspections were repeated post-implantation. RESULTS: In Group A and C, valve implantation in native leaflets resulted in a significant decrease in both left and right coronary flows. In Group B, no significant change in either right or left coronary flow was found after new self-expandable aortic valved stent placement. Endoscopic inspections showed that in group A and C the native leaflets sandwiched between valved stent and aortic wall, whereas, in group B the native leaflets were under the artificial leaflets. CONCLUSION: Two kinds of stents deployed in native leaflets affect left and right coronary flows significantly. No significant effect was found when the new self-expandable aortic valved stent deployed above native leaflets. This new self-expandable aortic valved stent can be deployed above the native leaflets, which avoids the obstruction of native leaflets on coronary flow.

title: A new self-expandable aortic valved stent deployed above native leaflets for XXXX : an in vitro study.

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic insufficiency']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: The medullary hypoglossal nucleus (XII) innervates the genioglossal muscles of the tongue, and opioid-induced alterations in tongue muscle tone contribute to @entity1224 . Previous studies have shown that @entity1286 causes a significant decrease in @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release in some brain regions, but the effects of @entity1286 on @entity1617 release in XII have not been quantified. DESIGN: A within-subjects design was used to test the hypothesis that @entity1286 alters @entity1617 release in XII of anesthetized @entity35 @entity35 . @entity1617 release during microdialysis with Ringer's solution (control) was compared to @entity1617 release during dialysis delivery of opioids. SETTING: University of Michigan. @entity1 OR @entity1 : N/A. INTERVENTIONS: Microdialysis delivery of opioids to XII. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: @entity1286 caused a statistically significant, concentration-dependent increase in XII @entity1617 release. The increase in XII @entity1617 release caused by 10 microM @entity1286 was blocked by the mu opioid antagonist @entity1510 and not blocked by the kappa opioid antagonist @entity14719 . CONCLUSIONS: The data comprise the first direct measures of @entity1617 release in XII and support the conclusion that @entity1286 @entity308 , in part, by increasing @entity1617 release in XII. Activation of mu opioid receptors on inhibitory neurons within XII likely disinhibits cholinergic terminals, causing increased @entity1617 release. The results are consistent with previous studies showing that blocking the enzymatic degradation of @entity1617 in XII significantly inhibited tongue muscle activity.

title: Microdialysis delivery of @entity1286 to the hypoglossal nucleus of @entity35 XXXX increases hypoglossal @entity934 release.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depresses hypoglossal nerve activity']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity14719 :: ('MESH:C051844', 'Chemical') :: ['norbinaltorphimine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A series of 20 cases from 2 academic institutions is presented with a characteristic imaging triad of asymmetric ventriculomegaly, a large @entity45 , and partial or complete agenesis of the @entity6789 . Most cases were initially referred as @entity1276 and @entity1276 or focal @entity9670 . We describe the imaging findings that identify an abnormal or @entity17992 associated with a type 1 @entity45 in fetuses initially thought to have @entity1276 attributable to @entity1276 . We suggest that the acronym AVID (asymmetric ventriculomegaly, @entity45 , and dysgenesis of the @entity6789 ) may be useful in recognition of these cases. All cases presented with markedly asymmetric ventriculomegaly on initial sonography, with progressive @entity1276 throughout gestation. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 15 of 20 cases. Thirteen of 20 cases were identified in male fetuses. Associated fetal and postnatal abnormalities are also reported. Technological improvements in sonography and fetal magnetic resonance imaging allow improved characterization of associated @entity932 in the setting of @entity1276 . Accurate diagnosis can aid parental counseling, especially because @entity1276 suggests a better prognosis than @entity1276 . Markedly asymmetric ventriculomegaly in this series was the key to excluding @entity1276 and was associated with @entity600 with a type 1a @entity45 .

title: Asymmetric ventriculomegaly, @entity45 , and dysgenesis of the XXXX (AVID): an imaging triad.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'hydrocephalus with anomalies', 'aqueductal stenosis', 'aqueduct stenosis', 'isolated aqueductal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity9670 :: ('MESH:D065708', 'Disease') :: ['porencephaly']

entities_list: @entity17992 :: ('MESH:C535566', 'Disease') :: ['absent corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['callosal malformation']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['interhemispheric cyst']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum']

answer: @entity6789 :: (MESH:D061085,Disease) :: ['corpus callosum']


abstract: This study was designed to investigate the expression differences of @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ), IGF type 1 receptor ( @entity7814 ) and @entity9929 ( @entity9929 ) in mandibular condylar cartilage between male and female @entity35 with experimentally created @entity3232 . A total of 40 male and 40 female @entity35 were used, and @entity3232 was created by moving the first molars mesially and the third molars distally in the experimental group. Animals were killed at the end of the second and fourth weeks. @entity6175 and @entity1711 (HE) staining was performed to monitor the changes in cartilage morphology and thickness. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of @entity2135 , @entity7814 and @entity9929 . @entity571 ( @entity571 )-like changes were observed in the experimental groups, with 2-week females showing larger @entity571 -like regions than 2-week males (P   <   0  05). Compared to their age- and sex-matched controls, both 2- and 4-week males in the experimental groups displayed increased cartilage thickness in the posterior regions (P   <   0  05). Compared to their age- and sex-matched controls, the expression of @entity2135 was lower in 2-week female group (P   <   0  05), but higher in 4-week female, 2- and 4-week male experimental groups (P   <   0.05). Similarly, the expression of @entity7814 was lower in 2-week female experimental group (P   <   0.05), but higher in 2-week male experimental group (P   <   0.05). The higher expression of @entity9929 was observed in 2-week female, 2- and 4-week male experimental groups (P   <   0  05). These results indicate that condylar cartilage from male and female @entity35 respond differently to the @entity3232 in early stage of @entity571 , with more serious degeneration in females.

title: Differential expression of @entity2135 , @entity7814 and XXXX in mandibular condylar cartilage between male and female @entity35 applied with @entity3232 .

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['Haematoxylin']

answer: @entity9929 :: (24484(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IGFBP3']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between acculturation and @entity28 in United States (US) Hispanics, controlling for socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS: The sample included 3141 Mexican American, 828 Cuban American, and 1211 Puerto Rican adults 18-74 y of age in the 1982-84 Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). Acculturation was measured by language preference and generation; SES by income and education; and @entity28 by body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Mean and standard deviations of BMI (kg/m2) were 25.9 +/- 4.4, 26.0 +/- 4.2, and 25.5 +/- 4.3 in @entity1 of Mexican American, Cuban American, and Puerto Rican origin, respectively. For @entity1 , the corresponding values were 26.6 +/- 5.8, 25.9 +/- 5.0, and 26.2 +/- 5.9. Linear regression models of BMI which included acculturation, income, education, and other covariates were carried out. Income and education were not associated consistently with BMI. Acculturation, but only among Mexican Americans, was associated with BMI. Specifically, greater preference for English was associated with reduced BMI among @entity1 (P < 0.01). Also, @entity1 and @entity1 of the second (P < 0.001 in both sexes) and third (P < 0.01 in @entity1 P < 0.001 in @entity1 ) generation had greater BMIs. Relative to the first generation, the increase in BMI units was 1.15 +/- 0.34 in @entity1 and 1.76 +/- 0.39 in @entity1 in the second generation and 0.83 +/- 0.31 in @entity1 and 1.83 +/- 0.37 in @entity1 of the third generation. CONCLUSIONS: BMI was not associated with SES, an unexpected finding since the relationship is generally negative in @entity1 from developed countries. The relationship between BMI and acculturation was weak and conditional. BMI in Mexican Americans appeared to be somewhat more sensitive to the process of acculturation than among Cubans or Puerto Ricans.

title: Acculturation, socioeconomic status, and XXXX in Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, and Puerto Ricans.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Seven @entity1 with advanced @entity5 were treated by anal submucosal injection of @entity1499 . Each course consists of five injections, one every 5 days; each injection contains 100 mg of @entity1499 . The course was repeated at 3-week intervals and was given on an outpatient basis. Investigations were performed before, during, and after treatment. @entity1499 blood level was measured 4 and 24 hours after administration. Complete response occurred in all seven @entity1 . Relapse occurred in four but could be controlled by further @entity1499 administration. Average duration of survival is 46 1/2 months. No side effects were encountered as a result of a low @entity1499 serum level that was recorded 4 hours after administration, 0.82 mumol after anal injection compared with 2.8 mumol for the intravenous route. The beneficial effect seems to be the result of the high @entity1499 concentration in uterine and @entity5 tissue. The route adopted by the drug to reach the uterus from the anal submucosa is through the hemorrhoidogenital communicating veins. This preliminary study demonstrates that anal injection of @entity1499 is effective in the treatment of @entity5 . It is safe, well tolerated, and can be used as an outpatient treatment.

title: Anal submucosal injection: a new route for drug administration in pelvic @entity5 . IV. Submucosal anal injection in the treatment of XXXX of uterine cervix--preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer of the uterine cervix', 'advanced cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammation is associated with @entity458 , and behavioral disturbance, known as sickness behavior. Inflammatory cytokines are implicated in coordinating this central motivational reorientation accompanying peripheral immunologic responses to pathogens. Studies in rodents suggest an afferent interoceptive neural mechanism, although comparable data in @entity1 are lacking. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized crossover study, 16 healthy male volunteers received typhoid vaccination or saline (placebo) injection in two experimental sessions. Profile of Mood State questionnaires were completed at baseline and at 2 and 3 hours. Two hours after injection, @entity1 performed a high-demand color word Stroop task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Blood samples were performed at baseline and immediately after scanning. RESULTS: Typhoid but not placebo injection produced a robust inflammatory response indexed by increased circulating @entity650 accompanied by a significant increase in @entity1295 , @entity911 , and impaired concentration at 3 hours. Performance of the Stroop task under @entity32 activated brain regions encoding representations of internal bodily state. Spatial and temporal characteristics of this response are consistent with interoceptive information flow via afferent autonomic fibers. During performance of this task, activity within interoceptive brain regions also predicted individual differences in @entity32 -associated but not placebo-associated @entity1295 and @entity911 . Maintenance of cognitive performance, despite @entity32 -associated @entity1295 , led to recruitment of additional prefrontal cortical regions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that peripheral infection selectively influences central nervous system function to generate core symptoms of sickness and reorient basic motivational states.

title: Neural origins of XXXX sickness in interoceptive responses to @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological, emotional']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1370 precludes the concurrent use of @entity632 and trastuzumab. Because pegylated liposomal @entity632 (PLD) has equal efficacy but significantly less @entity1370 than conventional @entity632 , this phase II study assessed the rate of @entity1370 and efficacy of first-line PLD plus trastuzumab in @entity1722 -positive @entity0 ( @entity0 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1722 -positive, measurable @entity0 , and a baseline @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) > or = 55% were treated with PLD 50 mg/m2 every 4 weeks for six cycles and weekly trastuzumab (4 mg/kg loading dose then 2 mg/kg thereafter). @entity1370 was defined as symptomatic @entity712 ( @entity712 ) with > or = 10% decline in @entity1002 to below lower limits of normal, > or = 15% decline in @entity1002 without symptomatic @entity712 , or less than 10% @entity1002 decline to less than 45%. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were enrolled, 13 had received prior adjuvant @entity8253 . A median 5.5 cycles of PLD were administered. Mean baseline @entity1002 was 62.8%, 59.5% after cycle four, and 58.3% after cycle six. Three @entity1 (10%) developed protocol-defined @entity1370 . No @entity1 developed symptomatic @entity712 . Response rate was 52%, with an additional 38% stable disease rate. At a median follow-up of 13.9 months, the median progression-free survival was 12.0 months; median overall survival has not yet been reached. The most common adverse events were grade 3 @entity8566 (30%) and grade 3/4 @entity1398 (27%). CONCLUSION: The combination of PLD and trastuzumab is a well tolerated and active regimen in @entity1722 -positive @entity0 . @entity1370 was observed, but limited to asymptomatic declines in @entity1002 . Further evaluation of this combination is warranted.

title: Pegylated liposomal @entity632 and trastuzumab in @entity1722 overexpressing XXXX : a multicenter phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiotoxicity', 'cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['metastatic breast cancer']


abstract: Population studies in the Pacific Basin showed that @entity356 of intestinal type often concur with distant mucosal changes (DMCs). In the present work, the presence of DMCs was investigated in populations dwelling in the Atlantic Basin. A total of 1737 gastrectomy specimens were reviewed: 627 in New York, 435 in Reykjavik, 198 in Buenos Aires, 186 in Florence, 174 in London and the remaining 117 in Stockholm. A total of 17,282 sections were carefully scrutinized. The following DMCs were investigated: intramucosal glandular cysts, gastric cells with ciliated @entity4648 , with large or small mucus negative vacuoles, and extensive @entity1944 ( @entity1944 ). The highest frequencies of DMCs were found in Florence for specimens with @entity4056 : 41.3% had intramucosal cysts, 22.4% had cells with ciliated @entity4648 , 12.9% cells with large vacuoles, and 50.9% had high @entity1944 . The highest frequency of gastric cells with small vacuoles was recorded in New York (9.1%), also in specimens with @entity4056 . Significantly lower DMCs percentages were found in specimens with @entity189 of diffuse type, and miscellaneous @entity1819 . The occurrence of DMCs was not influenced to a significant degree by the number of sections available per gastrectomy. Since environmental factors trigger the evolution of @entity4056 and as DMCs also occurred in specimens without @entity189 -although at a significantly lower rate--it is conceivable that DMCs are also evoked by environmental factors (before a @entity356 ensues). DMCs were found in specimens having @entity4056 either in the @entity418 , the corpus or the antrum. Thus, DMCs seem to provide the adequate "soil" for the development of @entity356 of intestinal type, independently of the future localization of that @entity5 in the stomach.

title: XXXX of intestinal type concur with distant changes in the @entity356 . A multicenter study in the Atlantic basin.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['IM', 'intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric diseases']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal carcinomas', 'intestinal type carcinomas', 'intestinal type carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity221 is an important arbovirus associated with febrile disease that re-emerged in 2006 in several municipalities of Par   State, Bragantina region, Amazon, Brazil, 26 years after the last epidemic. OBJECTIVE: To investigate an @entity221 in this region. STUDY DESIGN: A serologic survey and prospective study of acute febrile cases were performed in Magalh  es Barata (urban and rural areas) and Maracan   (rural area) municipalities. Serology (IgM-ELISA and hemagglutination-inhibition [HI]), virus isolation, RT-PCR and real-time-PCR were used to confirm @entity53583 (OROV) as responsible for the febrile outbreaks. RESULTS: Real-time-PCR showed high titers of OROV in acute-phase serum samples from febrile @entity1 . From 113 of 119 acutely febrile @entity1 with paired serum samples, OROV @entity281 was confirmed by serologic conversion (n=76) or high titers (n=37) for both HI and IgM-ELISA. @entity1 had a febrile disease characterized by @entity10 , chills, @entity1296 , @entity3917 , @entity925 , @entity390 , and @entity391 . Females and @entity1 under 15 years of age were most affected. @entity377 sequencing of six OROV isolates identified that genotype II was associated with the @entity1 @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity221 , which has re-emerged in the Bragantina region in eastern Amazon 26 years after the last epidemic, is caused by genotype II, a lineage previously found only in Peru and western Brazil.

title: XXXX in Northern Brazil: epidemiology and molecular characterization of isolates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity53583 :: ('118655', 'Species') :: ['Oropouche virus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease epidemic']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['Nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Oropouche fever virus', 'Oropouche fever', 'Oropouche fever outbreak']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Oropouche fever epidemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and clinical manifestations of long-term cardiac complications of @entity884 . DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: University-affiliated tertiary medical center. @entity1 : One hundred twelve consecutive @entity1 , survivors from a series of 140 non-addicted @entity1 with a first episode of @entity884 on native valves hospitalized from 1975 to 1990. Thirty-two @entity1 had had valve replacement during the active phase of the infection, and the remaining 80 @entity1 received medical treatment alone. MEASUREMENTS: Relapse, recurrence, need for late cardiac surgery, and cardiac mortality. RESULTS: Relapses occurred in three @entity1 (2.7%) and recurrences in five @entity1 (4.5%, incidence density at 15 years, 0.0030 per @entity1 -year). Late cardiac surgery was needed by 47% of the @entity1 treated medically during the active phase, and most had surgery in the first 2 years of follow-up (incidence density, 0.25 per @entity1 -year at 2 years). Aortic valve involvement (relative risk, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.15 to 6.17) and end-diastolic diameter greater than 60 mm (relative risk, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.43) were associated with the need for late surgery in univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed aortic valve involvement to be an independent predictor of the need for late surgery (relative risk, 3.04; CI, 1.23 to 7.54). Only 2 of the 32 @entity1 who had surgery during the active infection needed a second operation during follow-up. At the end of follow-up, the number of @entity1 who had surgery after the onset of the infection was 86 (60% of the whole series). @entity204 occurred in 16 @entity1 ; most @entity204 were sudden or postoperative and occurred in the first 2 years of follow-up (incidence density, 0.047 per @entity1 -year at 2 years). Independent predictors of @entity204 were not found. Survival was 90% at 2 years, 88% at 5 years, 81% at 10 years, and 61% at 15 years. CONCLUSIONS: Survival after @entity884 is fair (81% probability of survival at 10 years), and the most common types of @entity204 are sudden and postoperative. Aortic valve involvement is an independent predictor of the need for late cardiac surgery. The rate of recurrences is not negligible (incidence density at 15 years, 0.0030 per @entity1 -year).

title: Long-term complications of native XXXX in non-addicts. A 15-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac death', 'cardiac death', 'death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['valve infective endocarditis']


abstract: @entity19731 (CaBP-9k) is a cytosolic @entity460 binding protein mainly expressed in duodenum, placenta and uterus. The gene encoding the @entity35 CaBP-9k is subject to tissue specific induction by @entity3873 (intestine) and @entity53 (E2) (uterus). Control of placental expression remains unknown. The expression of CaBP-9k mRNA during the perinatal period was studied (pregnancy day 21 (P21)-lactation day 4 (L4)). In uterus, maximal expression levels were found at P21 and maintained until L1. With the transition to L2, the CaBP-9k mRNA concentration dropped drastically below the detection limit as quantitated by Northern blot analysis. Measurements of E2 and @entity1420 (P) levels showed a gradual decrease at late pregnancy (P21; birth). Post partum E2 levels continued to decline and P concentrations increased slightly. Uterine @entity172 receptor (ER) mRNA levels determined by cDNA/PCR analysis revealed close correlation between expression of ER and CaBP-9k mRNAs. ER mRNA levels were maximal at P22 and declined at parturition and with onset of lactation. At L2 and L3 ER mRNA levels were minimal and had decreased 5-fold compared to late pregnancy. CaBP-9k protein concentrations fluctuated only slightly dependent on the stage of the estrous cycle: estrus > proestrus > diestrus. During the perinatal period CaBP-9k concentration was overall lower than in non-pregnant uterus and revealed only a moderate increase at birth and decrease in early lactation. Similar to the uterine levels, placental CaBP-9k mRNA was highest at P21 and remained high until birth. Fetal duodenal CaBP-9k rose sharply just prior to birth and plateaued in the early postpartal period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity19731 gene expression during the perinatal period in the @entity35 : correlation to XXXX receptor expression in uterus.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine those @entity1 who have sustained a @entity2123 during surgery for @entity9905 and pinpoint the site of injury vis-a-vis the operative approach. STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective review of >1,000 @entity1 undergoing @entity1146 repair. SETTING: The study was performed at a tertiary referral center. @entity1 : The study consists of 10 @entity1 with a @entity2123 from @entity1146 surgery. INTERVENTION: In 1 of 10 @entity1 , the facial nerve was transected. This occurred during the skin incision at the level of the helix. A sural nerve cable graft was used to repair the severed nerve. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: High-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone was the most important preoperative study. However, in cases of @entity850 with @entity3540 , the course of the facial nerve may be camouflaged. RESULTS: Ten of >1,000 @entity1 operated on sustained a @entity2123 from @entity1146 surgery. Seven of these @entity1 were those of the authors, whereas three had the initial surgery elsewhere, each by a different surgeon. CONCLUSIONS: For the inexperienced surgeon, the facial nerve is at its greatest risk in the inferoposterior portion of atretic bone just lateral to the middle ear. For the experienced surgeon, the facial nerve is at its greatest risk in those @entity1 with @entity6787 , @entity850 , and an accompanying @entity3540 .

title: @entity2123 in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity6787 :: ('MESH:C537239', 'Disease') :: ['low-set ears']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity9905 :: ('MESH:C564321', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aural atresia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['aural stenosis', 'canal stenosis']

answer: @entity9905 :: (MESH:C564321,Disease) :: ['congenital aural atresia']


abstract: To review the evidence for efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities in treating @entity158 , @entity1353 , and @entity390 and @entity391 in @entity1 near the end of life, original articles were evaluated following a search through MEDLINE, CancerLIT, AIDSLINE, PsycLIT, CINAHL, and Social Work Abstracts databases. Search terms included alternative medicine, palliative care, @entity158 , @entity1353 , and @entity390 . Two independent reviewers extracted data, including study design, subjects, sample size, age, response rate, CAM modality, and outcomes. The efficacy of a CAM modality was evaluated in 21 studies of symptomatic adult @entity1 with incurable conditions. Of these, only 12 were directly accessed via literature searching. Eleven were randomized controlled trials, two were non-randomized controlled trials, and eight were case series. Acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, supportive group therapy, self-hypnosis, and massage therapy may provide @entity158 relief in @entity5 or in dying @entity1 . Relaxation/imagery can improve @entity158 . @entity1 with severe @entity1030 may benefit from the use of acupuncture, acupressure, and @entity121 with breathing retraining to relieve @entity1353 . Because of publication bias, trials on CAM modalities may not be found on routine literature searches. Despite the paucity of controlled trials, there are data to support the use of some CAM modalities in terminally ill @entity1 . This review generated evidence-based recommendations and identified areas for future research.

title: Complementary and alternative medicine in the management of XXXX , @entity1353 , and @entity390 and @entity391 near the end of life. A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: In order to study the acute effects of pharmacological agents on the vascular resistance of @entity5693 , a model of @entity2994 with 100% portal-systemic shunts was developed in the conscious @entity35 . The haemodynamic effects of several vaso-active substances were evaluated in this model and compared with those obtained after saline administration. @entity3159 (0.5 mg), an alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist, significantly reduced mean arterial pressure by 29%, portal pressure from 13.8 +/- 1.0(mean +/- s.e.m.) to 10.1 +/- 0.4 mmHg and portal tributary blood flow (radioactive microspheres) from 13.6 +/- 2.1 to 11.7 +/- 1.2 mL/min. It also decreased portal-systemic vascular resistance from 95 +/- 16 to 73 +/- 9 dyn s/cm5 x 10(3). @entity1169 (4 mg), a beta-adrenergic antagonist, significantly reduced mean arterial pressure by 12% and portal pressure from 15.5 +/- 1.2 to 13.3 +/- 0.9 mmHg while reducing portal tributary blood flow from 14.6 +/- 1.5 to 11.0 +/- 1.7 mL/min and increasing portal systemic collateral vascular resistance from 88 +/- 7 to 103 +/- 8 dyn s/cm5 x 10(3). @entity6009 (0.25 mg/kg), a 5- @entity750 receptor antagonist, reduced portal pressure from 15.8 +/- 1.0 to 13.3 +/- 0.7 mmHg at a dose that did not alter mean arterial pressure or portal tributary blood flow. It achieved this by reducing portal-systemic collateral vascular resistance from 90 +/- 14 to 74 +/- 13 dyn s/cm5 x 10(3). Saline had no significant effect on systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics. This study shows that @entity6009 decreases vascular resistance of @entity5693 while @entity1169 increases it. Thus, it is suggested that collateral vascular resistance is accessible to pharmacological manipulation.

title: Effects of alpha 1 and beta-adrenergic antagonists and @entity750 receptor antagonist on portal-systemic collateral vascular resistance in conscious XXXX with portal hypertension.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['portal-systemic collaterals']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['total portal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) following oral administration in a novel mono/ @entity11395 -phospholipid formulation and to compare with intravenous (iv) administrations using commercial formulations. METHODS: @entity35 were allocated into the following treatment groups: oral gavage of @entity11015 dispersed in mono/ @entity11395 -phospholipid formulation at doses of 4.5 and 10 mg/kg; iv bolus administration of 0.8 mg/kg @entity2379 ; iv bolus of 5 mg/kg Abelcet and iv bolus of 5 mg/kg AmBisome. Blood was sampled from jugular vein cannula at certain time points. The animals were sacrificed 72 h following administration of @entity11015 and multiple tissues were harvested. The concentration of @entity11015 in plasma and tissues was determined by means of HPLC. The plasma @entity1011 concentrations were determined using an enzymatic kit. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of @entity11015 following iv administrations of the commercial formulations were found to be highly formulation dependent. The terminal half-life and biodistribution of orally administered @entity11015 in a mono/ @entity11395 -phospholipid formulation resembled those of @entity2379 . The larger volume of the co-administered lipid-based formulation in the case of the higher dose of orally administered @entity11015 resulted in flip-flop kinetics and in preferential distribution into the kidneys. No nephrotoxicity was detected for any formulation and route of administration. CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of @entity11015 in a mono/ @entity11395 -phospholipid formulation to @entity35 resulted in significant intestinal absorption into the systemic circulation with pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties similar to a micellar iv preparation.

title: Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of XXXX in @entity35 following oral administration in a novel lipid-based formulation.

entities_list: @entity11395 :: ('CHEBI:18035', 'Chemical') :: ['diglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Fungizone']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To describe cochlear nerve @entity2167 (IAC) associated with @entity11339 ( @entity4643 , @entity299 , @entity1146 choanae, retardation of growth and/or development, @entity790 , and @entity2169 and/or @entity2319 ) syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. METHODS: In a tertiary @entity1 's hospital, @entity1 with @entity11339 were evaluated between 2006 and 2009. Morphology of the inner ear, IAC, and cochlear nerves was evaluated along with auditory-evoked brainstem response results. RESULTS: Of the 17 @entity1 with @entity11339 diagnosis, 14 ears demonstrated profound @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ). The remaining ears had conductive @entity393 , mixed @entity393 , or mild to moderate @entity1274 . Computed tomography (CT) evaluation was refused in one case and delayed in one case due to parental decision. Of 30 ears evaluated with CT, 28 (93%) had substantial abnormalities of the inner ear including @entity509 or @entity3894 of the semicircular canals and abnormalities of the cochlea and vestibule. CT evaluation revealed cochlear aperture narrowing or occlusion in 16 ears, one of which had normal hearing. The eight most recent @entity1 with profound @entity1274 (six bilateral @entity1274 , two unilateral) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the IAC, and 13 of 14 ears with @entity1274 were noted to have @entity4237 . CT scans in two ears with profound @entity1274 revealed normal cochlear apertures. CONCLUSIONS: The dysmorphic inner ear is well described in @entity11339 @entity1 ; however, @entity4237 has not been considered a common etiology for @entity1274 in these @entity1 . Because of the implications of @entity4237 in therapeutic decision making (i.e., cochlear implantation), MRI evaluation of the eighth nerve should be considered in @entity11339 @entity1 with profound @entity1274 .

title: @entity4237 in XXXX with @entity11339 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency and abnormalities of the internal auditory canal']

entities_list: @entity11339 :: ('MESH:D058747', 'Disease') :: ['CHARGE', 'CHARGE syndrome']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['absent or deficient cochlear nerves', 'cochlear nerve deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear anomalies']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital hypoplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity302 ( @entity302 ) is a newly growing technique to replace a more invasive conventional multiple portal laparoscopic surgery. The objective of this study was to compare single ( @entity302 ) with three portal (Conventional) laparoscopic splenectomy in @entity235 . Mongrel @entity235 (n = 18), weighting 15    3 kg, were selected for this study (n = 12 @entity302 ; n = 6 conventional). The area from xiphoid to pubis was prepared under aseptic conditions in dorsal recumbency with the head down and tilted 30 degree in the right lateral position. @entity516 was established by CO    using an automatic high flow pressure until achieving 12 mm Hg. Instrumentation used consisted of curved flexible-tip 5 mm Maryland forceps and ultracision harmonic scalpel for sealing and cutting of the vessels and @entity4558 attachments. RESULTS: All @entity235 recovered uneventfully. The splenectomy procedure using @entity302 and conventional methods were significantly different in the respective operative time (29.1    1.65 vs. 42.0 + 2.69 min) and the length of the surgical scar (51.6    1.34 mm vs. 72.0    1.63 mm; P < 0.001). There were no post-operative wound complication including @entity32 , infection, @entity547 formation and dehiscence up to one month after surgery. Meanwhile, the conversion to open surgery or application of additional portals was not required in both approaches. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that @entity302 is a safe and feasible operation and could be used as an alternative approach to three portal (Conventional) for splenectomy in @entity235 .

title: Comparison between single and three portal laparoscopic splenectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Single incision laparoscopic surgery', 'SILS']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a dispute about the potential effects of radiographic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) on thrombogenesis. The nonionic @entity8 @entity6111 triggers platelet @entity4938 ( @entity4938 ) secretion, and thus may activate the platelets and promote @entity715 . We addressed this topic in a study employing a @entity1 model of arterial @entity715 formation in the presence of @entity117 and heparin. This was a follow-up to our initial study (on @entity715 formation in native blood) which did not include antithrombotic drugs. The nonionic @entity8 @entity6111 (monomer) and @entity7568 (dimer) and the ionic @entity8 ioxaglate (dimer) were compared. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity715 formation was triggered by a surface rich in either collagen or tissue factor, positioned in a parallel-plate perfusion chamber device at an arterial wall shear rate of 2600 s-1. Blood from healthy volunteers, following ingestion of 1 g @entity117 , was mixed with 40 vol% @entity8 and 2.0 IU/ml heparin and passed over the surfaces. @entity715 formation in the presence of either @entity8 showed no difference, despite the fact that @entity6111 triggered a pronounced platelet @entity4938 secretion; @entity7568 or @entity7567 were virtually inert. CONCLUSION: There was no association between @entity6111 -induced @entity4938 secretion and @entity715 formation on collagen (platelet-driven) or on tissue factor ( @entity556 -driven) in the presence of a standard antithrombotic regimen of @entity117 and heparin as used in the clinic. The notion of a @entity715 risk due to platelet activation by @entity6111 was thus not substantiated by this study.

title: @entity6111 , platelet activation and XXXX . II. @entity6111 -induced platelet secretion does not affect collagen-induced or tissue-factor-induced @entity715 formation in blood that is anticoagulated with heparin and @entity117 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'contrast media']

entities_list: @entity7568 :: ('MESH:C044834', 'Chemical') :: ['iodixanol']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity7567 :: ('MESH:D007485', 'Chemical') :: ['ioxaglate']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'Thrombus', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity4938 :: ('5473', 'Gene') :: ['beta-TG', 'beta-thromboglobulin']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: During the last 5 years, radical hepatic resection was performed in 91 @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Thirty-one of them had @entity5 recurrence in the remaining liver during the follow-up period. Second hepatic resection was carried out on nine of them 4-38 months after the first hepatectomy. The ages of these @entity1 ranged from 39 to 65 years with an average of 53.7. There were six @entity1 and three @entity1 . Eight @entity1 had underlying @entity1575 and one @entity3619 . Six @entity1 are alive, four being free of @entity157 and two with disease, for 15-45 months after the first operation. Two @entity1 died of systemic @entity5 dissemination. The remaining @entity1 had @entity5 recurrence in the liver again and died of @entity1578 after the third laparotomy. The survival rate of these nine @entity1 was significantly better than that of twenty-two @entity1 who were treated by other palliative methods. The present result shows that a second hepatic resection is a possible and meaningful method of treatment for the @entity1 with recurrent HCCs in the liver remnant.

title: Second hepatic resection for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the final results of cases with preoperative diagnoses of @entity259 by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of 6,499 @entity1 who received thyroid ultrasonography with FNAC at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Among 6,499 @entity1 , 209 (3.2%) were diagnosed by FNAC as having @entity5 , of which 84 received surgical treatment. Eighty-two of the 84 cases had a frozen section prepared during the operation. RESULTS: @entity1374 was confirmed histopathologically in 164 cases. Among 84 @entity259 @entity1 , 21 cases were diagnosed as @entity5 , including @entity3557 , follicular @entity259 , @entity259 and H  rthle's cell @entity189 . Ultrasonography on these 21 @entity1 revealed that 16 cases (76.2%) had low echo density in the thyroid nodule. The percentage was statistically significantly different from that in benign cases, 23.8% (P < .05). A higher incidence of @entity5 was found in males, but the data did not reach statistical significance (P = .0586). CONCLUSION: Most of the @entity5 revealed by FNAC were benign lesions. Low echo density on ultrasonography and male sex carried a higher risk of @entity5 .

title: XXXX diagnosed by high-resolution ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration cytology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['follicular neoplasms', 'malignant tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid follicular neoplasms', 'thyroid follicular neoplasm', 'medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid malignancy']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid follicular neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study whether the expression level of @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) is correlated with the proliferation and apoptosis of @entity5 cells and to study whether the RNA interference technique can be used in anti- @entity5 gene therapy. METHODS: WBH1, a eukaryotic expression plasmid of shRNA targeting on @entity1996 , was constructed. @entity1 @entity356 cells of the line SGC-7901 were cultured and divided into 3 groups: to be transfected with WBH1 or negative control plasmid HK, or used as un-transfected control group. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of @entity1996 mRNA and protein. @entity98 method was used to detect the proliferation of the cells. The apoptosis of the cells was determined by flow cytometry. Fifteen @entity19 were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: 10 to be inoculated subcutaneously with WBH1 plasmid transfected SGC-7901 cells (inhibition group) or negative control plasmid HK transfected SGC-7901 cells, and 5 were used as un-transfected controls. The @entity19 were observed for 4 weeks to observe the survival and the tumorigenesis. Then the @entity19 were killed to take out the @entity5 . The tumorigenic rate and @entity5 inhibition rate were evaluated. RESULTS: The proliferation of the SGC-7091 cells transfected with WHB1 plasmid did not changed significantly 24 and 48 hours after the transfection, however, decreased significantly 96 hours and 1 week after (both P < 0.01). The apoptotic rate of the SGC-7091 cells transfected with WHB1 plasmid was 52.28% +/- 17.91%, significantly higher than that of the cells transfected with the control plasmid HK (0.54% +/- 0.16%) and that of the un-transfected cells (0.52% +/- 0.27%, both P = 0.009) without a significant difference between the latter 2 groups (P = 0.998). Four weeks after inoculation the tumorigenic rate was 100% in both the un-transfected control @entity19 and the @entity19 inoculated with negative plasmid HK transfected SGC-7901 cells. There was no significant difference in @entity5 size between these 2 groups (P = 0.965). The tumorigenic rate of the @entity19 in the inhibition group was 0.4 with an inhibition rate of 89.8%. The @entity5 weight of the inhibition group was 0.050 g +/- 0.003 g, significantly lighter than those of the control group and the group inoculated with negative plasmid transfected SGC cells (0.490 g +/- 0.017 g and 0.490 g +/- 0.013 g respectively, both P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Construction of a eukaryotic expression vector expressing the specific shRNA targeting on @entity1996 , closely related to the proliferation and apoptosis of @entity5 cells, and transfection of it into the @entity5 cells helps inhibit the expression of @entity16538 , thus inhibiting the growth and proliferation of the @entity5 cells.

title: [Effects of inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by RNA interference on proliferation and apoptosis of @entity1 @entity356 cells: an experimental study with @entity1 XXXX cells and @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: : Recurrent brain @entity3 or new @entity75 after whole-brain radiotherapy represent a therapeutic challenge. While several treatment methods for single or few lesions have been described, options for @entity75 are limited. This case report is intended to show an approach of whole-brain reirradiation with a simultaneous multifocal integrated boost using helical tomotherapy. Technique, feasibility, and acute side effects are presented. @entity1 AND METHODS: : Two @entity1 with multiple relapsed brain @entity3 (eight and @entity75 ) were reirradiated after previous whole-brain radiotherapy (total dose of 40 Gy 18 months before). Whole-brain reirradiation was performed using helical tomotherapy with a total dose of 15 Gy (single dose 1.5 Gy) and a multifocal simultaneous integrated boost with a total dose of 30 Gy (single dose 3 Gy) to the @entity75 . The boost planning target volume was delineated around the lesions visible on MRI plus a 2-mm margin. Follow-up of these @entity1 was 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: : Radiation plans with excellent conformity and homogeneity were obtained. High dose exposure to normal brain tissue was kept minimal. Mean radiation time was 13 min. The only acute side effect observed was a mild @entity10 over 2 days at the end of treatment. So far, no further side effects and no signs of recurrence have been observed. CONCLUSION: : Helical tomotherapy offers new treatment options for the reirradiation of multiple brain @entity3 . The number of cases treated with the described protocol is very limited but it is considered a promising option for @entity1 that have responded well to the initial radiotherapy and are in a good performance status.

title: Reirradiation of multiple brain XXXX with helical tomotherapy. A multifocal simultaneous integrated boost for eight or more lesions.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['eleven lesions', 'multiple lesions', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Periodontal ligament stem cells from @entity1 permanent teeth (PePDLSCs) have been investigated extensively in periodontal tissue engineering and regeneration. However, little knowledge is available on the periodontal ligament stem cells from @entity1 @entity6001 (DePDLSCs). This study evaluated the potential of DePDLSCs in periodontal tissue regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: DePDLSCs were isolated and purified by limited dilution. The characteristics of DePDLSCs were evaluated and compared with PePDLSCs both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: DePDLSCs presented a higher proliferation rate and colony-forming capacity than PePDLSCs in vitro. During the osteogenic induction, @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity, mineralized matrix formation and expression of mineralization-related genes, including runt-related transcription factor 2 ( @entity8087 ), @entity623 , collagen type I (COLI) and osteocalcin ( @entity12502 ) were significantly enhanced in DePDLSCs compared with PePDLSCs. Furthermore, DePDLSC cell sheets showed a stronger synthesis of collagen type I in the extracellular matrix than did PePDLSC cell sheets. After in vivo transplantation, DePDLSC cell sheets recombined with @entity1 dentin blocks were able to generate new cementum/periodontal ligament-like tissues. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that DePDLSCs can be used as a promising candidate for periodontal tissue engineering.

title: Periodontal tissue engineering with stem cells from the periodontal ligament of XXXX @entity6001 .

entities_list: @entity6001 :: ('MESH:C564818', 'Disease') :: ['retained deciduous teeth']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The cultivation of @entity74 ( @entity74 ) crops has increased significantly over the last decades. However, concerns have been raised that some @entity74 traits may negatively affect beneficial soil biota, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), potentially leading to alterations in soil functioning. Here, we test two @entity2829 varieties expressing the @entity11137 Cry1Ab endotoxin (Bt @entity2829 ) for their effects on soil AM fungal communities. We target both fungal DNA and RNA, which is new for AM fungi, and we use two strategies as an inclusive and robust way of detecting community differences: (i) 454 pyrosequencing using general fungal rRNA gene-directed primers and (ii) terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiling using AM fungus-specific markers. Potential @entity74 -induced effects were compared to the normal natural variation of AM fungal communities across 15 different agricultural fields. AM fungi were found to be abundant in the experiment, accounting for 8% and 21% of total recovered DNA- and RNA-derived fungal sequences, respectively, after 104 days of plant growth. RNA- and DNA-based sequence analyses yielded most of the same AM fungal lineages. Our research yielded three major conclusions. First, no consistent differences were detected between AM fungal communities associated with @entity74 plants and non- @entity74 plants. Second, temporal variation in AMF community composition (between two measured time points) was bigger than @entity74 trait-induced variation. Third, natural variation of AMF communities across 15 agricultural fields in The Netherlands, as well as within-field temporal variation, was much higher than @entity74 -induced variation. In conclusion, we found no indication that Bt @entity2829 cultivation poses a risk for AMF.

title: Testing potential effects of @entity2829 expressing the XXXX Cry1Ab endotoxin (Bt @entity2829 ) on mycorrhizal fungal communities via DNA- and RNA-based pyrosequencing and molecular fingerprinting.

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['GM', 'genetically modified']

answer: @entity11137 :: (1428,Species) :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']


abstract: The DNA polymerase beta gene ( @entity10840 ), which encodes a DNA polymerase believed to be involved in short gap-filling DNA synthesis, has been mapped to the proximal region of 8p (8p12-p11), a region commonly deleted in @entity150 and a wide variety of other @entity5 . Also mapped to this region (8p12-p11.2) is the gene encoding the beta isoform of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A ( @entity53986 ), a major @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphatase thought to play a regulatory role in many cellular pathways. The known functions of these proteins make them good candidates for 8p @entity5 suppressor genes. To test this hypothesis, we assessed a series of @entity150 and @entity150 cell lines for sequence variation in @entity10840 and @entity53986 . Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and direct sequencing of @entity10840 cDNA derived from cell lines and @entity5 , many with known deletions of proximal 8p, revealed one sequence variant that was shown to represent a normal sequence polymorphism. No @entity5 -specific sequence variants were identified. The promotor sequence in genomic DNA from @entity5 with 8p LOH was also screened by SSCP. Four polymorphisms were identified but no @entity5 -specific mutations were found. @entity53986 was analyzed by SSCP analysis of all 7 coding exons in genomic DNA of @entity150 and cell lines. Polymorphisms were detected in exons 4 and 5 but no @entity5 -specific mutations were found. We conclude that these genes are unlikely to be the suppressor genes for @entity150 targeted by deletions of chromosome arm 8p.

title: Mutation analysis of 8p genes @entity10840 and @entity53986 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder carcinoma', 'bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is a recently developed imaging modality. We demonstrate the value of this noninvasive method in replacing digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the detection of @entity439 of the circle of Willis in @entity1 with @entity510 admitted to our institution. METHODS: A helical acquisition was performed for computed tomographic scans obtained for 120 @entity1 with a 1 mm per second table speed and a 1-mm collimation, 1:1 pitch. Axial source images were transferred on a console Advantage Windows workstation (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI) and CTA was obtained using maximum intensity projection reconstruction. All @entity1 had undergone DSA of the circle of Willis (80 @entity1 preoperatively and 40 postoperatively). RESULTS: A total of 129 @entity439 were detected in 107 @entity1 . Three-dimensional CTA disclosed nothing abnormal in 13 @entity1 . Ninety-two @entity1 sustained one @entity439 , 10 @entity1 sustained two, 3 @entity1 sustained three, and 2 @entity1 sustained four. All results were confirmed by DSA. In two cases, @entity439 of the middle cerebral artery were defected by CTA but not by DSA. When using angiographic views, the @entity439 was always masked by a branch of the middle cerebral artery. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of three-dimensional CTA is comparable with that of DSA, and its specificity is 100%. Because CTA is simple, quick, noninvasive, and reliable, we think that it can eventually replace DSA.

title: Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography in detection of cerebral aneurysms in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: The @entity2359 effects of long-term, low-level exposure to the commercially available insecticide, @entity3434 , were examined in the present study. Young (2 month) adult, male Long-Evans @entity35 were dermally exposed to Fenthion (25 mg/kg, 3X week) and sampled after 2 and 10 months exposure to assess @entity2359 in the hippocampus using morphological and biochemical endpoints. Histopathology, consisting of @entity5219 , swollen and necrotic neurons, and cell dropout, occurred in the dentate gyrus (DG), @entity16711 (hilus), and @entity1251 sectors as early as 2 months postexposure. @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) staining of brain tissues taken at this time was severely reduced in the septal nuclei, the DG molecular layer, the @entity16711 , and the hippocampus proper. After 10 months exposure to Fenthion, cellular @entity39 and @entity5219 intensified in the @entity16711 and @entity1251 regions and occasionally involved the @entity1250 . Radiometric assays of @entity4833 activity in the hippocampus indicated a 65 and 85% @entity308 after 2 and 10 months exposure, respectively. @entity39896 binding for the hippocampal muscarinic receptor was reduced by 6 and 15%, after 2 and 10 months exposure, respectively. A separate group of older (12 month) @entity35 was exposed to the same dosing regimen of Fenthion and examined for @entity16 after 2 and 10 months exposure. Aged animals exposed for only 2 months expressed severe @entity528 in a pattern similar to that seen in the young adult after 10 months exposure (viz., DG, @entity16711 , @entity1251 ). Aged animals exposed for 10 months showed more extensive histopathology of the @entity16711 -2 and occasionally @entity1249 . These observations indicate that in both young adult and aged animals, subchronic, low-level exposure to anticholinesterase compounds can result in serious @entity2359 consequences to the @entity1 hippocampus.

title: The @entity2359 of subchronic @entity4833 ( XXXX ) inhibition in @entity35 hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathological damage']

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'Acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity39896 :: ('MESH:D011813', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinuclidinyl benzilate']

entities_list: @entity3434 :: ('MESH:D005284', 'Chemical') :: ['Fenthion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic', 'neurotoxic damage']

answer: @entity4833 :: (83817(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['AChE']


abstract: Primary cilia are multisensory organelles recently found to be absent in some @entity5 cells, but the mechanisms of deciliation and the role of cilia in @entity5 biology remain unclear. Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining the biliary tree, normally express primary cilia and their interaction with bile components regulates multiple processes, including proliferation and transport. Using @entity201 as a model, we found that primary cilia are reduced in @entity201 by a mechanism involving @entity15688 ( @entity15688 ). The experimental deciliation of normal cholangiocyte cells increased the proliferation rate and induced anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, deciliation induced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Hedgehog signaling, two important pathways involved in @entity201 development. We found that @entity15688 is overexpressed in @entity201 and overexpression of @entity15688 in normal cholangiocytes induced deciliation and increased both proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. To evaluate the effect of cilia restoration on @entity5 cells, we targeted @entity15688 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or by the pharmacologic inhibitor, @entity52088 . Both approaches restored the expression of primary cilia in @entity201 cell lines and decreased cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. The effects of @entity52088 were abolished when @entity201 cells were rendered unable to regenerate cilia by stable transfection of @entity8104 -shRNA. Finally, inhibition of @entity15688 by @entity52088 also induced a significant decrease in @entity5 growth in a @entity201 animal model. Our data support a key role for primary cilia in malignant transformation, provide a plausible mechanism for their involvement, and suggest that restoration of primary cilia in @entity5 cells by @entity15688 targeting may be a potential therapeutic approach for @entity201 .

title: @entity15688 inhibition restores ciliary expression and decreases XXXX growth.

entities_list: @entity52088 :: ('MESH:C553587', 'Chemical') :: ['tubastatin-A']

entities_list: @entity15688 :: ('10013', 'Gene') :: ['histone deacetylase 6', 'HDAC6']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: To explore the effect of @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) on growth and secretion of @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) of bone @entity236 cells (BMSC) from the @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). Specimens of @entity236 from @entity1582 @entity1 were used to establish BMSC cultures. BMSC and @entity1 @entity1582 cell line CZ-1 were cultured together or alone in the absence or presence of @entity9188 at various concentrations (1-20.0 micromol/L). Cell growth inhibition was assessed by @entity98 assay, cytokines in the culture supernatants were measured with ELISA. The results showed that @entity9188 had cytostatic effect on CZ-1 with fifty percent growth inhibition (IC50) for 48 hours at 2.3 micromol/L. @entity9188 did not inhibit the growth of BMSC. High levels of @entity650 and @entity7 have been found in the culture supernatants of BMSC from @entity1582 @entity1 . Cytokine production of BMSC treated with @entity9188 significantly decreased as compared with controls (P < 0.05). Excitingly, even the increased cytokine production triggered by adhesion of @entity1582 cell and BMSC was also inhibited by @entity9188 . It is concluded that @entity9188 has no inhibitory effect on cell growth of BMSC, but inhibit the production of @entity650 and @entity7 by BMSC.

title: [Effect of @entity4447 on bone marrow stromal cells of @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow stroma', 'bone marrow aspiration']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']