abstract: Sixty-seven @entity1 undergoing allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were examined before and at regular intervals for up to 87 months (1-87 months, mean 18) after transplantation. Within a period of 1-39 months, 14 of these @entity1 died (11 male, 3 female; age at BMT 16-46y). Five of these @entity1 died within the first 100 days. They showed no eye involvement; three @entity1 had @entity548 , in one case of @entity14985 and filiform @entity1036 developed during @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). In contrast, 22 of 53 (41.5%) surviving @entity1 (30 male, 23 female; age at BMT 1-47y) were found to have ocular involvement. Before BMT only two cases of @entity5861 and central @entity6519 each were detected. During the stage of acute @entity2132 (up to day 100), nine @entity1 were free of ocular manifestations. However, 16 of the 20 @entity1 with chronic @entity2132 showed ocular involvement; 14 (70%) had reduced tearflow, ten had severe @entity9849 sicca, four suffered from sterile corneal ulcerations. @entity231 were detected in 11 @entity1 , nine of whom only had minimal posterior subcapsular opacification, possibly resulting from highdose @entity134 medication. One additional case presented with bilateral multifocal recurrent @entity6519 and @entity5863 . The @entity3217 appeared some months after BMT (before @entity205 treatment started) and recurred during systemic treatment. All @entity1 undergoing allogenic BMT, especially when treated for severe chronic @entity2132 , require regular ocular observation to avoid complications such as @entity9849 sicca at an early stage, as late complications are often severe and hardly amenable to conservative or surgical treatment.

title: Manifestations of XXXX following allogenic bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraretinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral cataracts']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['fundus lesions']

entities_list: @entity14985 :: ('MESH:D001762', 'Disease') :: ['squamous blepharitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin-A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6519 :: ('MESH:D002825', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinitis', 'chorioretinal scars']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: Cytochromes @entity11670 ( @entity11670 ) are important for not only drug metabolism and @entity137 , but also biosynthesis and metabolism of @entity165 and @entity3645 , and @entity134 synthesis. In cynomolgus macaques, widely used in biomedical research, we have characterized @entity11670 cDNAs, which were isolated as expressed sequence tags of @entity5434 liver. In this study, cynomolgus @entity30050 , @entity9667 , @entity53053 , @entity17283 and @entity61870 cDNAs were characterized by sequence analysis, phylogenetic analysis and tissue expression pattern. By sequence analysis, these five cynomolgus P450s had high sequence identities (94-99%) to the @entity1 orthologs in @entity1522 . By phylogenetic analysis, each cynomolgus @entity11670 was more closely related to the @entity1 ortholog as compared with the @entity235 or @entity35 ortholog. By quantitative polymerase chain reaction, among the 10 tissue types, @entity30050 and @entity9667 mRNAs were preferentially expressed in liver and adrenal gland, respectively. Cynomolgus @entity17283 and @entity61870 mRNAs were most abundantly expressed in liver and testis, respectively. Cynomolgus @entity53053 mRNA was expressed in all the tissues, including brain and liver. Tissue expression patterns of each cynomolgus @entity11670 were generally similar to that of the @entity1 ortholog. These results suggest the molecular similarities of @entity30050 , @entity9667 , @entity53053 , @entity17283 and @entity61870 between cynomolgus macaques and @entity1 .

title: Identification and Analysis of @entity30050 , @entity9667 , XXXX , @entity17283 and @entity61870 in Cynomolgus Macaques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus macaque']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity53053 :: (57404,Gene) :: ['CYP20A1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To dynamically monitor the growth of @entity95 VX2 @entity157 by CT and MRI, and to understand the CT and MRI features during different periods of @entity5 growth. METHODS: The plain and dual-phase enhanced CT as well as the plain and enhanced MRI were performed in all the 10 @entity95 VX2 @entity157 models (with 20 foci) at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after @entity5 implantation. RESULTS: The detection rate of the VX2 @entity5 by CT and MRI was low at 1 week after implantation, but was raised to 100% after another week. The @entity5 were shown to be homogeneously hypointense by unenhanced CT. In arterial phase CT images, peripheral rim enhancement of all the @entity5 were observed, while the main bodies of the @entity5 remained hypointense. The nutrient arteries for the @entity5 stretching straight to the margins of the @entity5 were detected in 14 (70%) foci and arterial vessels in the @entity5 visualized in 9 (45%) lesions. On portal venous phase CT the @entity5 were also shown to be hypointense. The @entity5 were shown to be homogeneously hypointense in T1-weighted MR images and lightly hyperintense in T2-weighted images, with peripheral rim enhancement of the @entity5 after injection of the contrast agent. The intensity of most @entity5 became hetergenerous on plain CT and MRI at week 3 after implantation. CONCLUSION: @entity95 VX2 @entity157 are @entity5 the growth of which can be monitored by CT and MRI effectively.

title: [Dynamic evaluation of XXXX VX2 hepatic carcinoma with CT and MRI].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hypovascular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomas', 'hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'Rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: A 42-year-old @entity1 presented with lower @entity490 and a vague abdominal mass. He underwent resection of a well-differentiated @entity1821 arising from his retroperitoneum measuring 50 cm and weighing 11.7 kg (25.8 lb). This is the second largest retroperitoneal soft-tissue @entity242 (RSTS) that has been reported. Over the last 15 years 1123 @entity1 with RSTS in 25 series have been reported with a mean @entity5 size of 15.7 cm. RSTS represents 0.10 to 0.15 per cent of all @entity5 but 45 per cent of all @entity5 . Diagnosis and treatment of RSTS can be extremely challenging for a general surgeon. Symptoms are nonspecific and may occur only after the @entity5 is very large. Abdominal discomfort is the presenting complaint in 60 to 70 per cent of @entity1 and palpable mass in 70 to 80 per cent. Treatment of RSTS remains surgical. Multiple trials of chemotherapy and radiation therapy show no survival benefit. The only successful treatment of this @entity5 is complete excision; 51.4 per cent of @entity5 can be completely excised, and 50.2 per cent of these excisions include adjacent organs. Long-term prognosis without complete excision is grim with average 5- and 10-year survival rates of 16.7 and 8.0 per cent. With aggressive surgical therapy survival is increased to 58.0 and 39.6 per cent.

title: XXXX : a case report and review of the management of @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'retroperitoneal tumors', 'tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Giant retroperitoneal sarcoma']


abstract: A review of all @entity1 with @entity31 in one health district between 1975-84 revealed an incidence and prevalence of 7.1 and 84/100,000 population respectively. One hundred and ninety five new @entity1 were diagnosed and 313 @entity1 seen and followed up in the clinic for 1168 @entity1 years. None of these @entity1 died from @entity1960 or a complication. On routine colonoscopy three cases had high grade @entity1141 and two asymptomatic @entity189 (Duke's stage A and B). Eighty four @entity1 were known to have @entity31 , but were lost to follow up from the hospital clinic; the total time they were not under hospital surveillance was 315 @entity1 years. At the end of the study these @entity1 were contacted or clinical details obtained from their general practitioners. Five of these @entity1 subsequently presented with symptomatic @entity189 (two Duke's B, one Duke's C and two with @entity3 ); three of these five @entity1 have died from their @entity5 . Of 48 @entity1 thought to have only mild @entity1960 on initial investigation 21 (43%) had substantial @entity1960 (and two @entity189 ) on colonoscopy after eight years of disease. Therefore, @entity1 with apparently @entity1960 should be followed in the clinic as well as those with known extensive @entity1960 . For a surveillance programme in a district general hospital, eight @entity1 per 100,000 population need to be seen weekly, 12 colonoscopies/100,000 population need to be carried out annually and the cost for each @entity189 detected is approximately 6015 pounds.

title: Surveillance in XXXX : burdens and benefit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'distal colitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: GOALS: This study describes the prevalence of @entity6523 at serial follow-up exams after a colonoscopy finding 1 to 2 small tubular @entity652 . STUDY: We conducted a retrospective cohort of @entity1 with 1 to 2 small tubular @entity652 on an initial colonoscopy who underwent at least 2 additional surveillance examinations. Our primary outcome was any or advanced @entity652 on the third colonoscopy. RESULTS: Eighty-eight @entity1 met inclusion criteria. At the second and third colonoscopy, 31/88 (35.2%) @entity1 and 26/88 (29.6%) @entity1 had at least 1 @entity652 , respectively. Among the 28 @entity1 with 1 to 2 small tubular @entity652 on colonoscopy no. 2, the prevalence of any @entity652 on colonoscopy no. 3 was 39.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 21.5%-59.4%]. Among the 56 @entity1 without @entity652 at colonoscopy no. 2, the prevalence of any and advanced @entity652 on colonoscopy no. 3 was 25% (95% CI: 14.4%-38.4%), and 3.6% (95% CI: 0.4%-12.3%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with 1-2 small tubular @entity652 on initial colonoscopy the prevalence of @entity652 and @entity1442 on the third colonoscopy remains high even if no @entity652 are found on the second colonoscopy.

title: Findings on serial surveillance colonoscopy in XXXX with low-risk polyps on initial colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lesions']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO) is greatly increased in the colon of @entity1 with @entity29 of different aetiology, including @entity4143 . In @entity1 , NO can be generated from NO synthases as well as from non-enzymatic sources. The source of the NO found in luminal intestinal gas has not been exactly pinpointed. We investigated the effect of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity7293 on intestinal concentrations of NO in @entity1 with clinically active @entity4143 . In addition, we measured NO levels from the respiratory tract. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with active @entity4143 were studied. NO levels were measured from the respiratory tract and in the rectum before and after i.v. administration of @entity7293 (7.5 mg/kg) using a chemiluminescence method. RESULTS: Airway NO release decreased markedly, and mean arterial blood pressure increased in all @entity1 following @entity7293 treatment. Basal rectal NO levels were high (median > 10000 ppb) and decreased markedly in 5 @entity1 after @entity7293 . In contrast, NO levels remained completely unchanged or even increased in the other 5 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Rectal levels of NO are greatly increased in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity4143 . Intravenous administration of an NO synthase inhibitor reduced rectal NO only in half of the @entity1 despite clear evidence of effective systemic NO synthase inhibition. This could indicate alternative @entity3623 -independent sources of intestinal NO in this disease.

title: Effect of intravenous XXXX on @entity842 production in @entity4143 .

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis']

answer: @entity7293 :: (CHEBI:28229,Chemical) :: ['L-NMMA']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Macrophages play an important role in @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). Soluble @entity11772 (sCD163) is a specific marker of macrophage activation. We aimed to measure sCD163 in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 with varying degrees of @entity1561 before and after bariatric surgery (BS). METHODS: Demographic, clinical and biochemical data, and plasma sCD163 measured by ELISA, of 196 @entity1 were collected preoperatively and 3, 6 and 12 months after BS leading to significant @entity353 . Peroperative liver biopsies were assessed for the @entity1561 Activity Score (NAS), Kleiner @entity82 score and the @entity1182 algorithm. In a subset, @entity11772 immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR for @entity11772 mRNA were performed. RESULTS: sCD163 was higher in @entity1 with NAS>= 5 compared to those with NAS<5 (2.4(2.0-3.1) vs. 1.9(1.5-2.3) mg/L, p<0.001) and in @entity1 with bridging @entity82 (F>= 3) compared to lower @entity82 stages (2.6(2.0-4.9) vs. 2.0(1.5-2.4) mg/L, p=0.001). Preoperative sCD163 was independently associated with both the NAS (p=0.002) and the @entity82 score (p=0.024). sCD163 decreased after BS and was greatly reduced after 12 months, more rapidly so in @entity1 with NAS>= 5 (p<0.001) and NASH according to the @entity1182 algorithm (p=0.03). Immunohistochemistry showed @entity11772 -positive macrophages aligning fat-laden hepatocytes and forming microgranulomas in @entity1 with NASH. @entity11772 mRNA expression did not vary with NAS. CONCLUSION: sCD163 increased in parallel with the severity of @entity1561 in @entity5845 , indicating macrophage activation. Bariatric surgery reduced sCD163 even in @entity1 with severe @entity99 and @entity82 , suggesting full reversibility of macrophage activation associated with improved insulin sensitivity.

title: The macrophage activation marker sCD163 is independently associated with @entity1561 severity in XXXX and reduced by bariatric surgery.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity5845 :: (MESH:D009767,Disease) :: ['morbid obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive value of total serum @entity648 (TSB) < or =6 mg/dl at 24 +/- 6 hr postnatal age in identifying near term and term @entity1 , who do not develop @entity3638 subsequently. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. METHODS: All healthy neonates with gestation > or =35 weeks, in absence of significant illness or Rh @entity2142 were included. TSB was estimated at 24 +/- 6 hr by micromethod using spectrophotometry. @entity1 were followed up clinically every 12 hr till discharge and then after 48 hr. TSB level was estimated again whenever clinical suspicion of @entity1087 exceeded 10 mg/dl. Primary outcome was defined as presence of @entity3638 (TSB > or= 17 mg/dl) till day five of age. RESULTS: Of the 220 @entity1 , 213 (96.8%) were followed up. All @entity1 were exclusively breastfed. Mean age at @entity648 estimation was 24.7 +/- 1.9 hr with mean TSB of 5.9 +/- 1.8 mg/dl. Clinically detectable @entity1087 was present in 164 (77%) and @entity3638 occurred in 22 (10.3%) @entity1 . A TSB level of < or = 6 mg/dl at 24 +/- 6 hr was present in 136 (63.8%) @entity1 and only one @entity1 developed @entity3638 subsequently (probability < 1%). In the remaining 77 (36.1%) @entity1 , with TSB >6 mg/dl, subsequent @entity3638 developed in 21 (27.2%) (sensitivity 95%, specificity 70.6%, positive predictive value 27.2%, negative predictive value 99.3%, likelihood ratio of positive test 3.23 and likelihood ratio of negative test 0.07). Babies with TSB levels higher than 6 mg/dl had a significant risk of developing @entity3638 (relative risk 38; 95% confidence interval 6-1675). CONCLUSION: A TSB level of < or = 6 mg/dl at 24 +/- 6 hr of life predicted neonates who would not develop @entity3638 .

title: Early neonatal @entity3638 using first day serum XXXX level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity648 :: (MESH:D001663,Chemical) :: ['bilirubin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Combined @entity43 are rare. Only few cases of @entity3190 due to ovarian ectopic secretion have been hypothesized in the literature. An @entity43 was diagnosed in a 76-year-old @entity1 , referred to our department for recurrent @entity4053 with @entity3190 . In vivo tests, in particular fasting test, rapid @entity460 infusion test, and @entity2390 test were performed. Ectopic hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 was demonstrated in vivo and @entity4053 disappeared after hysteroadnexectomy. Histological exam revealed an @entity43 with neuroendocrine and Yolk sac differentiation, while immunostaining showed @entity2690 positivity in neuroendocrine cells. A cell culture was obtained by tumoral cells, testing Everolimus, and @entity22798 . @entity2690 was detected in cell culture medium and @entity2239 and @entity22798 demonstrated their potentiality in reducing @entity2690 secretion, more than controlling cell viability. Nine cases of @entity3190 due to ovarian ectopic secretion reported in literature have been reviewed. These data confirm the ovarian tissue potentiality to induce @entity1717 after @entity5 .

title: @entity43 secreting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor', 'ovarian germ cell and neuroendocrine tumors', 'ovarian germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic transformation']

entities_list: @entity22798 :: ('MESH:C517782', 'Chemical') :: ['Pasireotide']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['Octreotide']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anatomic studies have reported the presence of shared myocardial fibers between approximately half of ipsilateral pulmonary veins (IPVs). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of electrical connection between IPVs and the impact of antral isolation with or without carina ablation on IPV connection. METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 undergoing @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation (14 redo) were included. Wide antral pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was performed with or without @entity75 . For each PV set, IPV electrical connection was assessed before and after PVI by pacing and recording from the ostium of both IPVs using a circular mapping catheter and the ablation catheter. @entity859 was given after PVI to assess for acute PV reconnection. RESULTS: Before PVI without preceding @entity955 ablation procedure, all the PVs had ipsilateral connection albeit frequently via the left atrium. After PVI, 65.6% of the IPVs were connected without carina ablation vs 17.7% if prior carina ablation (P = .001). Left vs right IPVs were connected in 57.1% and 72.2% of the cases without carina ablation, respectively, vs 30% and 0% of cases with carina ablation (P = .19 and P = .001). When transient PV reconnection was demonstrated during @entity859 challenge, connected IPVs uniformly demonstrated simultaneous reconnection. CONCLUSION: Electrical connection between IPVs is uniformly demonstrated before any ablation. Two-thirds of the IPVs are connected after antral PVI, and carina ablation decreases IPV connection. Connected IPVs consistently show the same response to @entity859 challenge; therefore, a single catheter positioned in either of the IPVs with electrical connection is sufficient to confirm reconnection in both veins.

title: Electrical connection between ipsilateral pulmonary veins: Prevalence and implications for ablation and XXXX testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['carina lesions']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity699 ( @entity699 ) is associated with an increased risk of @entity715 events, particularly after surgery. No guidelines are available on the management of @entity1 with @entity699 undergoing pituitary @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ). We aimed to compare the effectiveness of different prophylactic procedures on the prevention of @entity715 events after surgery in @entity699 . METHODS: We retrospectively collected data on 78 consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity1104 for @entity699 between 2001 and 2012 at Padova's Neurosurgical Unit, recording their hemostatic, hormonal and anthropometric parameters. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to their perioperative management. Group A (34 @entity1 ) received fractionated heparin for a maximum of 14  days after surgery. @entity1 in group B (44 @entity1 ) were given no early glucocorticoid replacement therapy, and treated with subcutaneous enoxaparin 4,000-8,000  U/daily (depending on their weight) for 30  days plus graduated elastic stockings until mobilization, and early ambulation. RESULTS: The whole cohort of @entity1 had clotting and anticoagulant factors significantly higher than the normal range. The two groups were comparable for age, BMI, ACTH, urinary free @entity701 levels, outcome of surgery, and main clotting parameters. The surgical procedure did not change during the study period. Three venous @entity715 events [ @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ), 2 associated with @entity1151 ] were recorded in group A, none in group B (p  =  0.079). No @entity548 events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Provoked @entity715 events pose a major problem in the management of @entity699 @entity1 after surgery, regardless of the procedure's outcome. The prophylactic regimen proposed in this paper afforded an efficacy prophylaxis against postoperative @entity1211 in @entity1 with @entity699 . Due to the rarity of @entity699 , a multicenter study on a larger sample of cases would be warranted in order to collect more @entity715 events.

title: Perioperative thromboprophylaxis in XXXX : What we did and what we are doing?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['transsphenoidal surgery', 'TSS']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolic events']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the immunohistochemistry of elastofibromas and to evaluate four elastic strain methods for the histological diagnosis of elastofibroma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four elastofibromas were obtained from the surgical pathology files of the ABC Medical Center. All @entity1 were @entity1 whose lesions were present in the subescapular region. Immunohistochemistry was performed for @entity2280 , actin, @entity2283 , @entity2277 , @entity4483 protein and @entity588 and four elastic stain methods were evaluated (Verhoff, Gallego's, Reyes- @entity67602 and Russel-Movat). RESULTS: In the four cases there were numerous miofibroblasts ( @entity2277 /actin/ @entity2283 positive). An unpreviously reported positive @entity2280 dendritic cells, were present diffusely in all four cases. Verhoff and Reyes- @entity67602 stains remains the most useful methods to reveal the elastic fibers. Russel-Movat method may be use to contrast different connective tissue components. CONCLUSION: The cell of elastofibromas were originally considered fibroblasts. The presence of actin/ @entity2283 / @entity2277 suggests that they are miofibroblasts. We describe for the first time, variable numbers of @entity2280 (QBend/10) positive spindle shaped and dendritic cells in all elastofibromas. These cells may be a reactive population of cells of the "dendritic cell system". There was no immunoreactivity for @entity588 in these cells.

title: [ XXXX expression in elastofibroma. Clinicopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical study of four cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD-34']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our purpose is to describe CT-guided percutaneous @entity1644 as a possible contribution in @entity1 management. METHOD: CT-guided percutaneous drainage was performed on three @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1644 . We determined the success of percutaneous decompression by subsequent CT and MRI. The effect of @entity1644 decompression in relation to the @entity1 's symptoms was determined. This information was then used to help guide clinical management. RESULTS: In Case 1, percutaneous drainage of a large syrinx in a C5 @entity1688 @entity1 with increasing lower extremity @entity508 demonstrated significant decompression by imaging but did not result in clinical improvement. A surgical procedure to decompress the syrinx was not performed on the basis of this information. In Case 2, percutaneous drainage of a large syrinx in a @entity1688 @entity1 with @entity1183 and @entity425 demonstrated significant decompression by imaging and resulted in sustained clinical improvement, temporarily obviating the need for surgery. In Case 3, percutaneous drainage of the rostral aspect of a septated syrinx cavity in a @entity1 with a @entity1645 and a syringoperitoneal shunt in place resulted in decompression by imaging but failed to relieve the @entity1 's newly developed symptoms. An additional shunt was therefore not placed. In no case did the @entity1 experience periprocedural complications or worsening of symptoms. CONCLUSION: CT-guided percutaneous @entity1644 is a safe and successful technique. It can be used diagnostically to identify @entity1 that may or may not benefit from surgical syrinx decompression and in some cases may provide a temporary therapeutic alternative to surgery.

title: CT-guided percutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegic']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['increasing upper extremity numbness']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of syringomyelia', 'syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['drainage of syringomyelia']


abstract: @entity521 is a common solid @entity5 of childhood and @entity1442 carries a poor prognosis despite intensive multimodality therapy. @entity519 is a common feature of solid @entity5 because of poorly organized @entity5 -induced neovasculature. @entity519 is associated with advanced stage and poor outcome in a range of @entity5 types, and leads to resistance to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents in @entity521 and other @entity5 in vitro. Resistance to apoptosis is a common feature of @entity5 cells and leads to pleiotropic drug resistance, mediated by @entity588 family proteins. @entity2427 is a novel small-molecule inhibitor of @entity588 and @entity1836 that is able to induce apoptosis in a range of @entity5 types. @entity521 cell lines are relatively resistant to @entity2427 -induced apoptosis in normoxia, but in contrast to the situation with conventional cytotoxic agents are more sensitive in @entity519 . This sensitization is because of an increase in @entity2427 -induced apoptosis and is variably dependent upon the presence of functional @entity519 -inducible factor 1 ( @entity7738 . In contrast to the situation in @entity694 and @entity1149 cells, @entity519 does not result in downregulation of the known @entity2427 resistance factor, @entity2423 , nor any other @entity588 family proteins. @entity2427 sensitizes @entity521 cells to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents under normal levels of @entity26 , and importantly, this sensitization is maintained under @entity519 when @entity521 cells are resistant to these agents. Thus rational combinations of @entity2427 and conventional cytotoxics offer a novel approach to overcoming @entity519 -induced drug resistance in @entity521 .

title: The novel @entity588 inhibitor @entity2427 is more effective in @entity519 and is able to reverse @entity519 -induced drug resistance in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pediatric tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: Endovascular surgery is advantageous in experimentally induced @entity385 because it causes fewer @entity66 than invasive surgery and can closely mimic the pathophysiology in @entity64 @entity1 . However, the outcomes are highly variable, which limits the accuracy of evaluations of @entity385 studies. In this study, eight healthy adult @entity2608 were randomized into two groups with four monkeys in each group: @entity2500 at origin segment (M1) and @entity2500 at M2 segment. The blood flow in the middle cerebral artery was blocked completely for 2 hours using the endovascular microcoil placement technique (1 mm * 10 cm) (undetachable), to establish a model of @entity2806 . The microcoil was withdrawn and the middle cerebral artery blood flow was restored. A reversible @entity2500 model was identified by @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining, digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and neurological evaluation. The results showed that the @entity2500 model was successfully established in eight adult healthy @entity2608 , and @entity2806 were apparent in the brain tissue of @entity2608 at 24 hours after occlusion. The @entity2608 had symptoms of @entity51 . Compared with the M1 occlusion group, the M2 occlusion group had lower @entity1188 volume and higher neurological scores. These experimental findings indicate that reversible @entity2500 can be produced with the endovascular microcoil technique in @entity2608 . The M2 occluded model had less @entity1188 and less @entity16 , which offers the potential for application in the field of @entity1545 research.

title: A more consistent intraluminal XXXX model of @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cranial traumatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkey']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a previously unreported complication of @entity1797 : @entity1713 , caused by subretinal leakage, that mimics chronic @entity989 ( @entity989 ). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. @entity1 : Five @entity1 (five eyes) participated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fluorescein angiographic features were measured. RESULTS: All @entity1 presented with @entity227 and metamorphopsia. Fundus examination showed features typical of @entity1797 , including obliquely directed long axis of the disc, situs inversus, retinal pigment epithelium conus, @entity4182 and @entity4122 inferonasal to the optic disc, as well as a @entity1713 . Fluorescein angiography showed a site of leakage or multiple focal areas of staining and @entity194 of the retinal pigment epithelium that correlated to the linear pigmentary changes observed at the junction with the inferior @entity1716 . The @entity941 angiographic pattern was very similar to that of chronic @entity989 . Spontaneous healing occurred in one case, and successful photocoagulation of the site of leakage was applied in two cases; two eyes could not be photocoagulated because of diffuse leakage in the macular region. CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, @entity1713 due to subretinal leakage has not been reported as a complication of @entity1797 . The authors hypothesize that choriocapillary and pigment epithelial disturbances at the junction of the inferior @entity1716 permit the subretinal leakage, but the pathogenesis of this complication remains unclear. A study of larger series of such @entity1 is needed to identify the most appropriate management of these cases, which first need to be differentiated from a chronic form of @entity989 .

title: XXXX caused by subretinal leakage in @entity1797 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['staphylomatous ectasia']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['tilted disc syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['serous retinal detachment', 'macular serous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1716 :: ('MESH:C536352', 'Disease') :: ['staphyloma']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy', 'ICSC']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['Macular serous retinal detachment']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity378 remains a challenge, especially in high-burden settings. Cytokines and chemokines are important in the pathogenesis of @entity378 . Here we investigate the usefulness of circulating and compartmentalized cytokines/chemokines for diagnosis of @entity378 . The levels of multiple cytokines/chemokines in plasma, pleural fluid (PF), and cerebrospinal fluid ( @entity2841 ) were determined by Luminex liquid array-based multiplexed immunoassays. Three of 26 cytokines/chemokines in plasma were significantly different between @entity378 and @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ). Among them, @entity371 and @entity373 had the highest diagnostic values, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) of 0.92 for @entity371 and 0.86 for @entity373 for distinguishing @entity378 from @entity9178 . However, @entity371 and @entity373 levels in plasma were not different between @entity378 and @entity358 . In contrast, compartmentalized @entity371 and @entity373 in the PF and @entity2841 showed promising diagnostic values in discriminating @entity378 and @entity1143 (AUC = 0.87 for @entity371 for @entity373 ), as well as @entity1906 and @entity1906 (AUC = 0.9 for @entity371 for @entity373 ). A longitudinal study showed that the plasma levels of @entity371 , @entity373 , @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), and @entity379 ) decreased, while the levels of @entity2842 / @entity2842 and @entity14700 / @entity14700 increased, after successful treatment of @entity378 . Our findings provide a practical methodology for discriminating active @entity378 from @entity9178 by sequential IFN-y release assays (IGRAs) and plasma @entity371 testing, while increased @entity371 and @entity373 at the site of infection ( @entity2841 ) can be used as a marker for distinguishing @entity1143 and @entity693 caused by @entity378 from those of non- @entity378 origins.

title: XXXX and @entity373 Are Compartmentalized at the Site of Disease during @entity1906 and Are Decreased after Antituberculosis Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'non-TB pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LTBI', 'latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['non-TB meningitis', 'TB meningitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['non-TB lung disease']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['gamma interferon (IFN-y']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['active tuberculosis (TB) disease', 'TB']

answer: @entity371 :: (3627,Gene) :: ['IP-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug survival is an indicator for treatment success; insight in predictors associated with drug survival is important. OBJECTIVES (I): To analyse the long-term drug survival for adalimumab in @entity1 with @entity1569 treated in daily practice and (II) to identify predictors of prolonged drug survival for adalimumab split for different reasons of discontinuation. METHODS: Data were extracted from a prospective @entity1569 cohort and analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves split for reasons of discontinuation. Baseline predictors associated with longer drug survival were identified using multivariate Cox-regression analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and sixteen @entity1 were included with a total of 208 @entity1 -years. Overall drug survival was 76% after 1  year and 52% after 4.5  years. In @entity1 who stopped due to ineffectiveness, longer drug survival was associated with the absence of specific comorbidities (P  =  0.03). In @entity1 who stopped due to side-effects, longer drug survival was associated with male gender (P  =  0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of adalimumab drug survival in @entity1569 differ by reason for discontinuation. Strong, specific predictors can lead to @entity1 -tailored treatment.

title: Predictors of adalimumab drug survival in XXXX differ by reason for discontinuation: long-term results from the Bio-CAPTURE registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: We conducted a phase I/II study of combination chemotherapy with @entity1814 ( @entity5688 ) and @entity2600 to determine the effects against advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and to determine the qualitative and quantitative @entity137 of the combination chemotherapy. @entity5688 was given on day 1 and @entity2600 on days 1 and 8. The treatment cycle was designed to be repeated every 3 weeks. We fixed the dose of @entity2600 as 60 mg/m(2) and escalated the @entity5688 dose from a starting dose of 50 mg/m(2) by 10-mg/m(2) increments until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was reached. The MTD was defined as the dose level at which at least two of three or three of six @entity1 experienced a dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT). Between April 1997 and November 2000, 42 @entity1 were registered in the study. Of the 42 @entity1 , 37 had no prior treatment, 3 had received whole-brain irradiation, 1 had undergone surgical resection, and 1 had had one regimen of chemotherapy before enrolling in this study. In the phase I study, we observed DLTs such as grade 4 @entity1398 lasting 7 days and grade 3 @entity294 lasting 1 day in one @entity1 at level 2, grade 3 elevated of @entity6283 in one @entity1 at level 3, and acute @entity583 in one @entity1 at level 6. We could not determine the MTD until dose level 6 was reached, so decided on a recommended dose of 100 mg/m(2) @entity5688 , which is recommended for @entity5688 -alone chemotherapy. Because of prolonged @entity1398 in the phase I study, we repeated the treatment every 4 weeks in the phase II study. In the phase II study, a total of 16 @entity1 , including 6 @entity1 from the phase I study, were registered and a total of 42 cycles were administered. Grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 , grade 3 @entity417 and grade 3 or 4 @entity882 occurred in 50%, 12% and 7% of cycles, respectively. @entity1398 occurred in eight cycles (19%) but there were no severe @entity281 . Grade 3 elevation of @entity6283 occurred in one @entity1 . Of the 16 @entity1 , 7 had an objective response. Of the 42 @entity1 , 13 achieved a partial response (PR) and the overall response rate was 31.0%. The median duration of PRs was 226 days (range 59 to 646 days). The median survival time was 341 days and the 1-year survival rate was 45.2%. In conclusion, the combination of @entity5688 and @entity2600 was highly effective and well tolerated in @entity1149 .

title: Phase I/II study of escalating doses of @entity1814 in combination with @entity2600 for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With increasing winter temperatures, @entity2247 yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is expected to become an increasing problem in @entity2829 cultivation in Germany. Earlier studies revealed that BYDV has a negative impact on @entity2829 performance. Molecular markers would accelerate the development of BYDV resistant @entity2829 . Therefore, the objectives of this study were (i) the identification of @entity23398 ( @entity23398 ) for BYDV resistance in five connected segregating @entity2829 populations in a field experiment and (ii) their comparison with the @entity23398 detected under greenhouse conditions. RESULTS: In linkage analyses of the traits virus extinction, @entity281 rate, and the symptom red edges, a highly associated major @entity23398 was identified on chromosome 10. This @entity23398 explained 45% of the phenotypic variance for the traits virus extinction and @entity281 rate and 30% for the symptom red edges. CONCLUSION: We could show that BYDV resistance traits are oligogenically inherited. The @entity23398 on chromosome 10 could be observed in the connected linkage analyses and in the single population analyses. Furthermore, this @entity23398 could also be confirmed in the greenhouse experiment. Our results let suggest that this @entity23398 is involved in multiple virus resistance and the markers are promising for marker assisted selection.

title: Linkage mapping of XXXX yellow dwarf virus resistance in connected populations of @entity2829 .

entities_list: @entity23398 :: ('OMIM:612306', 'Disease') :: ['quantitative trait loci', 'QTL']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['Barley']


abstract: A large waterborne @entity3082 of @entity99 occurred in the city of Saharanpur (Uttar Pradesh, India) between December 1992 and April 1993. A random survey was conducted in the affected area of Saharanpur. Source of water supply, number of family members, number and characteristics of affected @entity1 were noted. Blood, stool and water samples were collected. The incidence of @entity99 was 14% in the affected area of the city. A total of 3682 individuals were affected with the disease. Attack rate for adults was significantly higher than the @entity1 aged < 15 years (17% vs 7%; p < 0.0001). Among the adults, the attack rate was higher for males than females (23% vs 12%; p < 0.0001). The incidence of @entity99 was greater in @entity1 using the municipal water supply (17%) as compared to hand pump (0.9%) or tubewell water (0%). There was a single peak in the @entity3082 . Of the 56 fresh cases, 38 (64%) occurred within two weeks, 14 within 2-4 weeks and 4 within 4-6 weeks of index cases. Serologic markers for @entity99 , B and C were absent. IgM anti-HEV was positive in 20 out of 24 sera tested. Immune electron microscopy detected 27-34 nm virus-like particles (VLPs) in 2 of 8 stool specimens and in 1 of 3 water samples. The @entity3082 occurred due to leakage of municipal water supply pipes passing through the sewerage holes. A large waterborne @entity3082 of @entity99 resulted due to contaminated water supply. VLPs were detected in water. Adults and males were commonly affected. There was no @entity1 -to- @entity1 spread.

title: Routes of transmission in the @entity99 XXXX of Saharanpur.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis E', 'acute hepatitis A', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity3082 :: (MESH:D004671,Disease) :: ['epidemic']


abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the most common neurosurgical treatment for @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Whereas the globus pallidus interna (GPi) has been less commonly targeted than the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a recent clinical trial suggests that GPi DBS may provide better outcomes for @entity1 with @entity146 comorbidities. Several laboratories have demonstrated that DBS of the STN provides neuroprotection of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) @entity935 neurons in preclinical neurotoxin models of @entity191 and increases @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ). However, whether DBS of the entopeduncular nucleus (EP), the homologous structure to the GPi in the @entity35 , has similar neuroprotective potential in preclinical models has not been investigated. We investigated the impact of EP DBS on forelimb use asymmetry and SNpc degeneration induced by @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) and on @entity2136 levels. EP DBS in male @entity35 received unilateral, intrastriatal @entity2955 and ACTIVE or INACTIVE stimulation continuously for two weeks. Outcome measures included quantification of contralateral forelimb use, stereological assessment of SNpc neurons and @entity2136 levels. EP DBS 1) did not ameliorate @entity73 induced by @entity2955 , 2) did not provide neuroprotection for SNpc neurons and 3) did not significantly increase @entity2136 levels in any of the structures examined. These results are in sharp contrast to the functional improvement, neuroprotection and @entity2136 -enhancing effects of STN DBS under identical experimental parameters in the @entity35 . The lack of functional response to EP DBS suggests that stimulation of the @entity35 EP may not represent an accurate model of clinical GPi stimulation.

title: High-Frequency Stimulation of the @entity35 Entopeduncular Nucleus Does Not Provide Functional or Morphological Neuroprotection from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['forelimb impairments']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity2955 :: (MESH:D016627,Chemical) :: ['6-Hydroxydopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of @entity7023 bid, a novel, long-acting, muscarinic antagonist, was assessed in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1030 . METHODS: In this phase IIa randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, crossover trial, @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1030 received @entity7024 400  g bid, @entity5489 8  g once daily, and placebo for 15 days, with a 9- to 15-day washout between treatment periods. Treatments were administered through the Genuair or HandiHaler dry powder inhalers. The primary end point was mean change from baseline in FEV(1) AUC(0-12/12h) (area under the curve where the numbers represent the time period for which data were collected divided by the number of hours over which the data are averaged [eg, 0-12 h postdose divided by 12 h]) on day 15. Secondary end points were changes from baseline in FEV(1) AUC(12-24/12h), FEV(1) AUC(0-24/24h), morning predose FEV(1), peak FEV(1), and @entity1030 symptom scores. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity1030 were randomized, and 27 completed the study. Mean change from baseline in FEV(1) AUC(0-12/12h) at day 15 was significantly greater for @entity7024 and @entity5489 over placebo (P < .0001). Mean changes from baseline in FEV(1) AUC(12-24/12h), FEV(1) AUC(0-24/24h), morning predose FEV(1), and peak FEV(1) at day 15 were significantly greater for @entity7024 and @entity5489 over placebo (P < .0001 for all except P < .001 for FEV(1) AUC(12-24/12h) @entity5489 vs placebo). Improvements were significantly greater with @entity7024 vs @entity5489 on day 1 for all of the normalized AUC values of FEV(1) as well as on day 15 for FEV(1) AUC(12-24/12h) (P < .05 for all). @entity1030 symptoms were significantly improved from baseline with @entity7024 vs placebo (P < .05) but not with @entity5489 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1030 , @entity7024 400  g bid compared with placebo provided clinically meaningful improvements in 24-h bronchodilation that generally were comparable to @entity5489 18  g daily but with significant differences in favor of @entity7024 observed in the average nighttime period. Larger studies with longer treatment duration are ongoing to confirm the efficacy of @entity7024 400  g bid on bronchodilation and @entity1030 symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00868231; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.

title: Efficacy of XXXX 400  g twice daily compared with placebo and @entity5489 in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity5489 :: ('MESH:C079890', 'Chemical') :: ['tiotropium']

entities_list: @entity7024 :: ('CHEBI:65346', 'Chemical') :: ['aclidinium']

entities_list: @entity7023 :: ('MESH:C542859', 'Chemical') :: ['aclidinium bromide']

answer: @entity7023 :: (MESH:C542859,Chemical) :: ['aclidinium bromide']


abstract: Use of waste glass or glass cullet (GC) as concrete aggregate is becoming more widespread each day because of the increase in resource efficiency. Recycling of wastes is very important for sustainable development. When glass is used as aggregate in concrete or mortar, expansions and internal stresses occur due to an alkali- @entity3440 reaction (ASR). Furthermore, rapid loss in durability is generally observed due to extreme crack formation and an increase in permeability. It is necessary to use some kind of chemical or mineral admixture to reduce crack formation. In this study, mortar bars are produced by using three different colors of glass in four different quantities as fine aggregate by weight, and the effects of these glass aggregates on ASR are investigated, corresponding to ASTM C 1260. Additionally, in order to reduce the expansions of mortars, 10% and 20% @entity238 ash (FA) as mineral admixture and 1% and 2% @entity63272 as chemical admixture are incorporated by weight in the cement and their effects on expansion are examined. It is observed that among white ( @entity2883 ), green (GG) and brown glass (BG) aggregates, @entity2883 aggregate causes the greatest expansion. In addition, expansion increases with an increase in amount of glass. According to the test results, it is seen that over 20% FA and 2% @entity63272 replacements are required to produce mortars which have expansion values below the 0.2% critical value when exposed to ASR. However, usages of these admixtures reduce expansions occurring because of ASR.

title: Alkali-silica reactions of mortars produced by using waste glass as fine aggregate and admixtures such as @entity238 ash and XXXX .

answer: @entity63272 :: (CHEBI:6504,Chemical) :: ['Li2CO3']


abstract: Rituximab has been widely used to treat relapsing or advanced stage @entity1892 with an efficacy of about 50%. However, approximately 40-50% of Rituximab treated @entity1 will recur. It is not clear whether these recurrent diseases have the same immunophenotype as that of the original @entity5 . At the City of Hope, we treated 91 cases of @entity2225 -positive @entity1892 with Rituximab in combination with chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between August 1999 and December 2000. Thirty-five of 91 @entity1 (38%) experienced recurrence during the time period within one year from treatment. @entity5 cells from all of the recurrent @entity1 expressed one or more B cell antigens ( @entity1075 , @entity2225 , @entity10317 , CD45RA, or CD79a). However, thirteen of 35 recurrent cases showed aberrant loss of @entity2225 expression (37%) by immunohistochemical or flow cytometric studies. Pre- and post-Rituximab treated @entity5 cell DNA was successfully extracted from archival paraffin sections, @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H and E) stained slides, smears, or frozen cells in 10 of 13 @entity2225 negative recurrent cases. PCR studies for @entity7639 gene rearrangements were performed in all these cases. Five cases showed identical Ig heavy chain gene rearrangements in the paired specimens. PCR assay for Ig kappa (kappa) gene rearrangement was performed in the five paired specimens lacking detectable Ig heavy chain gene rearrangements; 2 of them showed identical Igkappa gene rearrangements. Three pairs showed unmatched Ig heavy chain and Igkappa gene rearrangements, probably due to poor quality of recovered DNA. Aberrant loss of @entity2225 antigens may be a mechanism of treatment resistance and should be considered in the immunophenotyping of recurrent Rituximab-treated @entity1892 ; therefore, a panel of B cell markers is recommended for the immunologic diagnosis of recurrent B cell @entity5 after Rituximab therapy. Seven of ten pairs of recurrent @entity2225 -negative cases showed identical Ig heavy chain and Igkappa gene rearrangements by PCR assay, strongly suggesting that the pre- and post-Rituxan treated B cell @entity5 are clonally-related.

title: Recurrent XXXX after Rituximab therapy: an immunophenotypic and genotypic study.

entities_list: @entity7639 :: ('3495', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'neoplasms', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4823 ( @entity4824 ), a natural @entity50314 , is a constituent of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) found in hyaline cartilage. GlcN salts constitute a new class of nutraceutical components with putative chondroprotective activity, which may target chondrocytes as well as chondroprogenitors cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), during cartilage turnover and repair. In the present study, we examined the effects of GlcN on chondrogenesis of @entity1 MSCs (hMSCs) and the phenotype of normal and osteoarthritic @entity1 articular chondrocytes, using an in vitro pellet culture model maintained in a defined medium. METHODS: hMSCs and normal and osteoarthritic @entity1 chondrocytes grown as pellet cultures, stimulated or not with @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), were treated with varying doses of GlcN. Expression of cartilage matrix genes and cartilage degrading enzymes was determined by semiquantitative and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and by histological staining of cartilage markers, as well as sulfated GAG (sGAG) analysis and Western blotting. RESULTS: Chondrocytes grown in the presence of serum for 11 days showed decreased expression of the cartilage matrix genes, collagen type II (collagen II) and aggrecan, as early as day 3, which was reversed with GlcN treatment by day 11. Both hMSCs and chondrocytes grown as pellet cultures in defined medium and treated with 100 microM GlcN exhibited enhanced expression of collagen II and aggrecan as well as increased content of sGAG, when compared to control untreated pellets. However, high doses of GlcN (10-20mM) were inhibitory. GlcN treatment partially blocked @entity1356 mediated downregulation of collagen II and aggrecan expression and inhibited expression of the matrix degrading enzyme, @entity1550 ( @entity1550 ), in both chondrocytes and hMSCs undergoing chondrogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that GlcN treatment enhances hMSC chondrogenesis and maintains cartilage matrix gene expression in chondrocytes, which may account for some of the reported chondroprotective properties of GlcN on cartilage.

title: @entity4823 promotes chondrogenic phenotype in both chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells and inhibits XXXX expression and matrix degradation.

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity50314 :: ('CHEBI:60926', 'Chemical') :: ['amino monosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity1550 :: ('4322', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-13', 'matrix metalloproteinase 13']

answer: @entity1550 :: (4322,Gene) :: ['MMP-13']


abstract: The ability of neutrophils to migrate through three-dimensional (3-D) tissues in response to chemical stimuli is critical to their host defense function. However, studies characterizing stimulated migration in vitro have been largely limited to two-dimensional (2-D) surfaces. In this study, we have employed direct observation methods to quantify @entity1 neutrophil migration in 3-D fibrin gel using time-lapse video microscopy and automated cell tracking methods. A novel 3-D conjoined gel assay was developed to establish experimentally quantifiable and theoretically predictable diffusion gradients of chemotactic factors. This assay was used to measure objective migration parameters, namely the random motility and @entity6722 coefficients, in response to the cytokine, @entity687 ( @entity687 ). The random motility coefficient, mu, showed a biphasic dependence on @entity687 concentration with a maximum of 1.1 x 10(-8) cm2/s at 5 x 10(-8) M @entity687 ; no significant motility was observed in the absence of @entity687 . We further established the dependence of cell orientation bias, phi, on the concentration and gradient steepness (i.e., specific gradient, SG) of @entity687 . Results indicate that phi increases with increasing SG, provided the concentration is maintained sufficiently low, which we conjecture to result from minimizing @entity687 receptor down-regulation. The @entity6722 coefficient, chi, was maximum at an intermediate SG for both @entity687 concentrations studied. We also examined the applicability of this assay to estimate mu and chi from indirect measurements of @entity6722 , namely the simpler measurement of cell redistribution after a prescribed incubation time, as opposed to direct cell tracking measurements. By virtue of measuring chi, this is the first quantitatively objective study of @entity1 cell @entity6722 in a physiologically relevant 3-D gel and, in particular, of neutrophil @entity6722 on any substratum in response to the physiologically relevant chemotactic factor, @entity687 .

title: Cytokine-stimulated XXXX of @entity1 neutrophils in a 3-D conjoined fibrin gel assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

answer: @entity6722 :: (MESH:C565534,Disease) :: ['chemotaxis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is little evidence of the clinical and cost effectiveness of self-expanding metallic stents in the palliation of @entity5 . The aims of this randomized trial were to evaluate the immediate and medium-term clinical outcomes following palliative intubation, examine @entity1 quality of life, and evaluate costs and benefits from the perspective of the health service. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with inoperable @entity5 were randomly allocated a metallic stent (n = 25) or plastic endoprosthesis (n = 25). @entity1 were followed up monthly until death. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in procedure-related complications or mortality rate between the two groups. There was a trend towards significance in favour of metallic stents with respect to quality of life and survival (median survival 62 versus 107 days for plastic prosthesis and metallic stent respectively). The cost of the initial placement of metallic stents was significantly higher than that of plastic endoprostheses ( pound 983 versus pound 296). After 4 weeks, cost differences were no longer significant. CONCLUSION: Metallic stents may contribute to improved survival and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity5 . Although initially more expensive, this cost difference does not last beyond 4 weeks. A larger trial involving approximately 300 @entity1 would be required to detect a quality of life benefit of the magnitude observed in this trial.

title: Randomized clinical trial comparing self-expanding metallic stents with plastic endoprostheses in the palliation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of AlloDerm, an acellular @entity1 dermal matrix graft, as an interpositional physical barrier to prevent the development of @entity8810 after parotidectomy. METHODS: The 30 @entity1 included in the study were divided into 3 groups of 10. In group 1 (study group), @entity1 underwent superficial parotidectomy with placement of an AlloDerm graft (LifeCell Corp, Branchburg, NJ). In group 2 (control) @entity1 had superficial parotidectomy without placement of an interpositional barrier. In group 3 (control), @entity1 underwent deep-plane rhytidectomy without disruption of the parotid fascia. All were evaluated after 1 year and questioned about @entity8810 . Subjective assessment of @entity8810 was documented when @entity1 experienced @entity8810 , even if they were not perturbed by the symptom. The Minor starch- @entity1496 test was performed in each @entity1 for objective assessment. RESULTS: The incidence of subjective @entity8810 was observed in 1 @entity1 in group 1 and 5 @entity1 in group 2. The incidence of objective @entity8810 was noted in 2 @entity1 in group 1 and 8 @entity1 in group 2. Both subjective and objective differences in incidence of @entity8810 were statistically significant. None of the group 3 @entity1 had subjective or objective @entity8810 . Two @entity1 in group 1 and 3 @entity1 in group 2 developed a transient @entity2080 or sialocele that resolved with conservative management. CONCLUSION: The use of AlloDerm graft as an interpositional barrier improves parotidectomy outcome by reducing the incidence of @entity8810 .

title: Use of AlloDerm implant to prevent XXXX after parotidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['gustatory sweating', 'Frey syndrome']

answer: @entity8810 :: (MESH:D013547,Disease) :: ['frey syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: About 100   000 @entity1 present to hospitals each year in England with an @entity302 . How they are managed is unknown; thus, the National Audit of @entity410 management in Hospitals (NASH) set out to assess prior care, management of the acute event and follow-up of these @entity1 . This paper describes the data from the second audit conducted in 2013. SETTING: 154 @entity341 ( @entity341 ) across the UK. @entity1 : Data from 4544 attendances (median age of 45   years, 57% @entity1 ) showed that 61% had a prior diagnosis of @entity302 , 12% other neurological problems and 22% were first @entity410 cases. Each ED identified 30 consecutive adult cases presenting due to a @entity410 . PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Details were recorded of the @entity1 's prior care, management at hospital and onward referral to neurological specialists onto an online database. Descriptive results are reported at national level. RESULTS: Of those with @entity302 , 498 (18%) were on no antiepileptic drug therapy and 1330 (48%) were on monotherapy. Assessments were often incomplete and witness histories were sought in only 759 (75%) of first @entity410 @entity1 , 58% were seen by a senior doctor and 57% were admitted. For first @entity410 @entity1 , advice on further @entity410 management was given to 264 (27%) and only 55% were referred to a neurologist or @entity302 specialist. For each variable, there was wide variability among sites that was not explicable. For the sites who partook in both audits, there was a trend towards better care in 2013, but this was small and dwarfed by the intersite variability. CONCLUSIONS: These results have parallels with the Sentinel Audit of @entity64 performed a decade earlier. There is wide intersite variability in care covering the entire care pathway, and a need for better organised and accessible care for these @entity1 .

title: National Audit of XXXX management in Hospitals (NASH): results of the national audit of @entity302 in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizure', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of once-daily, extended-release @entity2181 on urinary urgency in @entity1 with @entity2182 . METHODS: @entity1 with urinary frequency (eight or more micturitions per 24 hours) and urge @entity322 (five or more episodes per week) were randomized to oral treatment with @entity2181 extended release 4 mg once daily (n=398) or placebo (n=374) for 12 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by use of @entity1 perception evaluations. RESULTS: The results presented are a secondary analysis of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Of @entity1 treated with @entity2181 extended release, 44% reported improved urgency symptoms (compared with 32% for placebo), and 62% reported improved bladder symptoms (placebo, 48%) (both P<.001 compared with placebo). The odds of reducing urgency and improving bladder symptoms were 1.68 and 1.78 times greater, respectively, for @entity1 in the @entity2181 extended release group than for @entity1 receiving placebo. In response to urgency, there was a more than six-fold increase in the proportion of @entity1 able to finish a task before voiding in the @entity2181 extended release group. The proportion of @entity1 unable to hold urine upon experiencing urgency was also decreased by 58% with @entity2181 , compared with 32% with placebo (P<.001). The proportion of @entity1 reporting "much benefit" from treatment was greater for @entity2181 extended release than for placebo (43% versus 24%; P<.001). The only adverse events with an incidence of greater than 5% were @entity2133 , @entity10 , and @entity1142 , with only @entity2133 markedly more frequent with @entity2181 than with placebo. CONCLUSION: @entity2181 extended release has demonstrable efficacy in reducing the severity of urinary urgency and is associated with improvements in @entity2182 that are meaningful to @entity1 .

title: Reduced perception of urgency in treatment of XXXX with extended-release @entity2181 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['Tolterodine', 'tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder symptoms', 'overactive bladder']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder']


abstract: From November 1982 to August 1990, 16 @entity1 with primary @entity242 were treated in our hospital. The most frequent types of @entity5 were @entity1821 (6), @entity1418 (3). The commonest clinical findings were palpable abdominal mass (14/16). In management of these @entity1 ; nine @entity1 underwent complete resection of the @entity5 ; three @entity1 underwent partial resection of the @entity5 and four @entity1 underwent biopsy only. The histology of @entity5 appeared to have prognostic significance. @entity1 suffering from @entity1821 (3/5) and @entity1418 (1/2) survived the longest. With a mean follow up of 25.0 months, the three year overall survival rate of complete resection group was 50 per cent. No @entity1 with partial resection and biopsy only group survive three years and the total three-years overall survival rate was 29%. The mean survival for @entity1 after adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy was similar to that after a radical operation alone. The prognosis of primary @entity242 is grave and complete resection of the @entity5 as initial treatment seems to provide the only chance of cure for these @entity1 .

title: Primary XXXX --a report of 16 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal sarcomas']


abstract: @entity263 is a very common @entity5 in @entity1 . Today the disease is very often diagnosed early because of an elevated PSA without symptoms and the disease is localized to the prostate. @entity1 with @entity263 can be divided into 3 subgroups for the @entity189 : favorable, moderate, and poorly. The grouping depends mainly on the Gleason score of the prostate biopsy. According to the Gleason score, favorable @entity5 is up to score 6 (3 + 3), moderate score 7, and poor--Gleason score 8-10. The other favorable clinical factors are PSA < 10 ng/ml, and clinical stage by DRE of @entity39224 or T2 (no nodule or palpable nodule not extending beyond the prostatic capsule). The treatment options for cure when the @entity263 is localized are either radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy (external or brachytherapy or combination). Each of these therapies has side effects and each has advantages and disadvantages. Sometimes the treatment choice is not for cure and the options are hormonal treatment or watchful waiting. Twenty to 30% of the @entity1 treated for cure may fail the treatment and have elevation of PSA without any clinical symptoms, or signs of local recurrence or distant spread. Some of these @entity1 with biochemical failure may be cured by salvage treatment: radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy and salvage radical prostatectomy or cryotherapy following failure of radiotherapy.

title: [The treatment options for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fear of @entity204 (FoD) is an exceptionally stressful symptom of @entity583 ( @entity583 ), which received little scientific attention in recent years. We aimed to describe the prevalence and factors contributing to FoD among @entity583 @entity1 and assess the impact of FoD on prehospital delay. METHODS: This investigation was based on 592 @entity583 @entity1 who participated in the Munich Examination of Delay in @entity1 Experiencing Acute @entity583 (MEDEA) study. Data on sociodemographic, clinical and psycho-behavioral characteristics were collected at bedside. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with FoD. RESULTS: A total of 15% of @entity583 @entity1 reported FoD (n = 88), no significant gender difference was found. @entity583 strength [OR = 2.3 (1.4-3.9)], @entity583 symptom severity [OR = 3.7 (2-6.8)], risk perception pre- @entity583 [OR = 1.9 (1.2-3.2)] and negative affectivity [OR = 1.9 (1.2-3.1)] were independently associated with FoD. The median delay for those who experienced FoD was 139 min compared to 218 min for those who did not (p = 0.005). Male @entity1 with FoD were significantly more likely to delay less than 120 min [OR = 2.11(1.25-3.57); p = 0.005], whereas in @entity1 , this association was not significant. Additionally, a clear dose-response relationship between fear severity and delay was observed. Male FoD @entity1 significantly more often used emergency services to reach the hospital (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: FoD is experienced by a clinically meaningful minority of vulnerable @entity583 @entity1 and is strongly associated with shorter delay times in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . @entity1 ' uses of emergency services play an important role in reducing the delay in male FoD @entity1 .

title: Frequency and covariates of fear of XXXX during @entity583 and its impact on prehospital delay: findings from the multicentre MEDEA Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction', 'STEMI pain', 'Myocardial Infarction']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity3604 risk is highly heritable, but genome-wide association studies have explained only a small proportion of the heritability to date. Genetic data may improve prediction of @entity174 risk in @entity6092 subjects and assist early intervention and management. OBJECTIVE: To detect common and rare variants in coding and regulatory regions related to @entity170 -related traits, and to investigate whether genetic profiling improves the prediction of @entity174 risk. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three clinical units in Korea. @entity1 : Postmenopausal @entity1 with extreme phenotypes (n = 982) were used for the discovery set, and 3895 @entity1 were used for the replication set. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We performed targeted resequencing of 198 genes. Genetic risk scores from common variants (GRS-C) and from common and rare variants ( @entity1619 ) were calculated. RESULTS: Nineteen common variants in 17 genes (of the discovered 34 functional variants in 26 genes) and 31 rare variants in five genes (of the discovered 87 functional variants in 15 genes) were associated with one or more @entity170 -related traits. Accuracy of @entity174 risk classification was improved in the @entity6092 @entity1 by adding GRS-C to @entity174 risk assessment models (6.8%; P < .001) and was further improved by adding @entity1619 (9.6%; P < .001). GRS-C improved classification accuracy for vertebral and nonvertebral fractures by 7.3% (P = .005) and 3.0% (P = .091), and @entity1619 further improved accuracy by 10.2% (P < .001) and 4.9% (P = .008), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that both common and rare functional variants may contribute to @entity3604 and that adding genetic profiling data to current models could improve the prediction of @entity174 risk in an @entity6092 individual.

title: Common and rare variants in the exons and regulatory regions of XXXX -related genes improve @entity3604 risk prediction.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'Osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) phototherapy has been used for over 15  years in the United States, primarily for the treatment of @entity1463 and @entity74 . The objective was to describe use of UVA1 for dermatoses beyond @entity1463 at two academic institutions. METHODS: Data from 83 @entity1 treated with low- (20-40  J/cm(2) ), medium- (>40-80  J/cm(2) ), and high- (>80-120  J/cm(2) ) dose UVA1 phototherapy was retrospectively analyzed. The mean individual treatment dose (J/cm(2) ), the mean number of sessions, and the mean total dose (J/cm(2) ) were evaluated. Effectiveness was assessed by reviewing clinical examination notes from office visits. RESULTS: Good therapeutic efficacy was seen in @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 , 16 @entity1 ), @entity2132 ( @entity2132 , 25 @entity1 ), and @entity13187 ( @entity13187 , 17 @entity1 ). A statistically significant a dose-response association was observed in the cases of @entity785 , @entity2132 and @entity13187 . Likelihood of clinical improvement from UVA1 phototherapy was very likely for medium- and high-dose regimens in @entity785 , while this level of improvement was only observed in @entity2132 and @entity13187 @entity1 receiving high-dose UVA1. CONCLUSION: UVA1 phototherapy is effective and safe in the treatment of @entity2132 , @entity13187 , @entity785 , and mast cell disorders. High-dose regimens appear to be more effective than medium- and low-dose regimens for @entity13187 and @entity2132 , while medium- and high-dose regimens outperform low-dose UVA1 in @entity785 .

title: Ultraviolet A1 phototherapy beyond morphea: experience in 83 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13187 :: ('MESH:D054989', 'Disease') :: ['NSF', 'nephrogenic systemic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['localized sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['various sclerosing disorders']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Radiosurgery is either a primary or an adjunct management approach used to treat @entity1 with @entity5513 . The goals are long-term @entity5 growth control, maintenance of cranial nerve function and prevention of new @entity16 . We sought to determine long-term outcomes measuring the potential benefits against the neurological risks of radiosurgery. METHODS: 278 @entity1 with @entity5513 underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery as a treatment modality for from April 1992 to November 2001. The long-term results of 60 @entity1 were evaluated who received radiosurgery as primary treatment. 12 cases presented with previously performed subtotal microsurgical resection or recurrence of disease (12-96 months, median 39). The median treatment volume was 3.8 ccm and the median dose to the @entity5 margin was 12 Gy. The median @entity1 follow-up time was 88 months (range 72-114 months). RESULTS: Four @entity5 progressed after primary radiosurgery. Tumour control rate was 93%. Useful hearing (Gardner-Robertson I/II) was preserved in 16 @entity1 (55%). Clinical neurological improvement occurred in 36 @entity1 (60%). Adverse effects comprised @entity16 ( @entity3541 ) (House-Brackman II/III) in five cases (three recovered completely), mild @entity16 in three cases, and morphological changes displaying rapid enlargement of preexisting macrocysts in two @entity1 and @entity5 growth in two other ones. Microsurgical resection was performed in three cases (5%) and one @entity1 underwent a shunting procedure because of @entity1276 formation. In @entity1 who had undergone previous microsurgery, neither new @entity129 nor any @entity5 growth was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Radiosurgery performed with current techniques proved to be an effective method for growth control of @entity5513 with both a low mortality rate and a good quality of life. An increasing percentage of @entity1 will undergo radiosurgery as accessibility to this alternative increases, and more data regarding long-term follow-up are available. It is a post-operative complementary treatment for partially removed @entity5 . Accordingly, radiosurgery is a useful method for the management of properly selected @entity1 .

title: Long term results of radiosurgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficit']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuropathy', 'neurologic deficiencies', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete facial palsy']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recurrent left @entity340 after @entity474 ( @entity474 ) repair is a difficult technical issue. This study exposes the various techniques successively employed to repair the recurrent LAVV regurgitation and their different outcomes. Emphasis however will be put on the new technique used in our unit called cleft patch augmentation, which has been used continuously since 1998 in the anatomical context of normal papillary muscles (NPMs). METHODS: This is a retrospective follow-up study using a Cox regression model for risk analyses from November 1991 to July 2008, including 45 @entity1 who underwent reoperation for LAVV regurgitation after @entity474 repair. Of those, 3 @entity1 were lost to follow-up; therefore, 42 @entity1 were included in the study. With regard to the @entity474 morphology, there were partial @entity474 in 12, complete @entity474 in 30. RESULTS: Age at the primary valve repair was 1.5    2.1 years and the time span to the reoperation was 7.1 years in median (0.41-12.3 years). Age at the first reoperation was 10.1    6.8 years. Median follow-up after the reoperation was 7.4 years. Three @entity1 died in the follow-up period. Freedom from second reoperation at 10 years was 72.8% [59.5-89.0% of 95% confidence interval (CI)]. Of 37 @entity1 with NPMs, freedom from reoperation at 10 years was 59.4% (37.2-94.7% 95% CI) in cleft closure group whereas, in the cleft patch augmentation group, it was 92.3% (78.9-100% 95% CI) (P = 0.04). Five @entity1 required valve replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical result for the redo LAVV repair had good outcomes. In the @entity8102 group, the cleft patch augmentation technique had better results. Various techniques may have to be performed in combination according to the morphological features.

title: Mid-term outcome with pericardial patch augmentation for redo left XXXX in @entity474   .

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve (LAVV) regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect', 'AVSD']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular valve repair']


abstract: Two distinct genes encode the 93% homologous type 1 (placenta, peripheral tissues) and type 2 (adrenals, gonads) @entity1816 dehydrogenase/isomerase ( @entity11187 ) in @entity1 . Mutagenesis studies using the type 1 enzyme have produced the @entity66400 and @entity66401 mutant enzymes in the Y(154)-P-H(156)-S-K(158) motif as well as the @entity66402 and @entity66403 mutants from a second motif, Y(269)-T-L-S-K(273), both of which are present in the primary structure of the @entity1 type 1 @entity11187 /isomerase. In addition, the @entity66404 mutant of the type 1 enzyme has created a chimera of the type 2 enzyme motif (Y(154)-P-Y(156)-S-K(158)) in the type 1 enzyme. The mutant and wild-type enzymes have been expressed and purified. The K(m) value of @entity2494 is 13-fold greater, and the maximal turnover rate (K(cat)) is 2-fold greater for wild-type 2 @entity11187 compared with the wild-type 1 @entity11187 activity. The @entity66404 mutant of the type 1 enzyme has substrate kinetic constants for @entity11187 activity that are very similar to those of the wild-type 2 enzyme. Dixon analysis shows that @entity6502 inhibits the @entity11187 activity of the wild-type 1 enzyme with 14-17-fold greater affinity compared with the wild-type 2 and @entity66404 enzymes. The @entity66400 and @entity66401 mutants exhibit no @entity11187 activity, have substantial isomerase activity, and utilize substrate with K(m) values similar to those of wild-type 1 isomerase. The @entity66402 and @entity66403 mutants have low, pH-dependent @entity11187 activity, exhibit only 5% of the maximal isomerase activity, and utilize the isomerase substrate very poorly. From these studies, a structural basis for the profound differences in the substrate and inhibition kinetics of the wild-type 1 and 2 @entity11187 , plus a catalytic role for the Tyr(154) and Lys(158) residues in the @entity11187 reaction have been identified. These advances in our understanding of the structure/function of @entity1 type 1 and 2 @entity11187 /isomerase may lead to the design of selective inhibitors of the type 1 enzyme not only in placenta to control the onset of labor but also in hormone-sensitive breast, prostate, and @entity5 to slow their growth.

title: Structure/function relationships responsible for the kinetic differences between XXXX type 1 and type 2 @entity1816 dehydrogenase and for the catalysis of the type 1 activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma tumors']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity11187 :: ('3283', 'Gene') :: ['3beta-HSD/isomerase', '3beta-HSD']

entities_list: @entity6502 :: ('MESH:C046855', 'Chemical') :: ['epostane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pesticides, in particular folpet, have been found in rural and urban air in France in the past few years. Folpet is a contact fungicide and has been widely used for the past 50 years in vineyards in France. Slightly water-soluble and mostly present as particles in the environment, it has been measured at average concentration of 40.1 mug/m3 during its spraying, 0.16-1.2 mug/m3 in rural air and around 0.01 mug/m3 in urban air, potentially exposing both the workers and the general population. However, no study on its penetration by inhalation and on its respiratory @entity137 has been published. The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of folpet particles (morphology, granulometry, stability) in its commercial forms under their typical application conditions. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of these particles and the generation of reactive @entity26 species were assessed in vitro on respiratory cells. RESULTS: Granulometry of two commercial forms of folpet (Folpan 80WG(R) and Myco 500(R)) under their typical application conditions showed that the majority of the particles (>75%) had a size under 5 mum, and therefore could be inhaled by @entity1 . These particles were relatively stable over time: more than 75% of folpet remained in the particle suspension after 30 days under the typical application conditions. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) on @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) was found to be between 2.89 and 5.11 mug/cm2 for folpet commercial products after 24 h of exposure. Folpet degradation products and vehicles of Folpan 80 WG(R) did not show any @entity137 at tested concentrations. At non-cytotoxic and subtoxic concentrations, Folpan 80 WG(R) was found to increase DCFH-DA fluorescence. CONCLUSION: These results show that the particles of commercial forms of folpet are relatively stable over time. Particles could be easily inhaled by @entity1 , could reach the conducting airways and are cytotoxic to respiratory cells in vitro. Folpet particles may mediate its @entity137 directly or indirectly through ROS-mediated alterations. These data constitute the first step towards the risk assessment of folpet particles by inhalation for @entity1 health. This work confirms the need for further studies on the effect of environmental pesticides on the respiratory system.

title: Physicochemical characteristics and bronchial epithelial cell XXXX of Folpan 80 WG(R) and Myco 500(R), two commercial forms of folpet.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accelerated @entity604 after stopping hormone therapy (HRT) is postulated to explain the lack of hip- @entity174 protection conferred by former HRT use. The abbreviation HRT (traditionally standing for "hormone replacement therapy") is used herein because of its wide recognition in the field. However, the pharmacological doses of @entity172 and progestins used are not truly "replacement" in nature. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity1 lose @entity79 ( @entity79 ) after stopping HRT; to assess whether their rate of loss is significantly greater than that of @entity1 not undergoing HRT; and to determine whether long-term HRT is associated with continued gains in @entity79 . METHODS: A total of 495 @entity1 who were adherent to assigned treatment in the 3-year Postmenopausal @entity172 /Progestin Interventions randomized controlled trial (PEPI-RCT) and who had an additional @entity79 measurement during the PEPI Safety Follow-up Study were observed for an average of 3 years during and 4 years after the PEPI-RCT. RESULTS: @entity1 who stopped HRT after 1 year during the PEPI-RCT had annual rates of @entity79 change of -0.54% (hip) and -0.81% (spine) during the following 2 years. Those who underwent HRT for 3 years during the PEPI-RCT and then discontinued it had annual changes of -1.01% (hip) and -1.04% (spine). Rates of @entity604 among @entity1 who stopped HRT during or after the PEPI-RCT did not differ significantly from those of @entity1 who did not undergo HRT, who lost bone at a rate of approximately 1% yearly during the first year of the PEPI-RCT and about half that rate afterward. @entity1 who continued HRT after the PEPI-RCT did not show additional @entity79 gains. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support the hypothesis that bone is lost at an unusually fast rate after discontinuation of HRT, nor do they suggest that longer-term HRT leads to additional @entity79 beyond that evident after 3 years.

title: Bone mass response to discontinuation of long-term hormone replacement therapy: results from the Postmenopausal XXXX /Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Safety Follow-up Study.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss', 'BMD loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'BMD gain']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']