abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate right iliac vein and left @entity1228 in asymptomatic subjects, right-sided and left-sided iliofemoral @entity1150 @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of records and computed tomography images was conducted in 200 asymptomatic subjects (male:female, 100:100). A prospective analysis was conducted in 79 consecutive @entity1150 @entity1 (left:right @entity1150 , 47:32) who had undergone contrast-enhanced computed tomography examination. The minor diameter and percentage compression of the iliac vein were evaluated. RESULTS: In asymptomatic subjects, 13.5% had right @entity1228 >50%, 2.0% had right @entity1228 >70%, mean compression was 23.48%; 45.0% had left @entity1228 >50% and 17.0% had left @entity1228 >70%, mean compression was 47.58%. Right iliac vein sandwiched between the right external iliac artery and the right internal iliac artery was the most common compression pattern (59.26%). Males had higher right @entity1228 than the females (male:female, 26.29%:20.68%, P   <   0.001). Mean percentage compression of the right iliac vein was higher in right @entity1150 @entity1 than in left @entity1150 @entity1 (right:left @entity1150 , 48.54%:22.29%, P   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: Similar to left @entity1228 , right @entity1228 was a frequent imaging finding in CT and represented a normal anatomic pattern. Right @entity1150 @entity1 had more serious right @entity1228 than left @entity1150 @entity1 , and further research is required on the association of right @entity1228 with right iliofemoral @entity1150 .

title: Compression of the right iliac vein in asymptomatic subjects and XXXX with iliofemoral @entity1150 .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1228 :: ('MESH:D062108', 'Disease') :: ['iliac vein compression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Wnt signaling pathway is an essential player during vertebrate embryonic development which has been associated with several developmental processes such as gastrulation, body @entity2270 formation and morphogenesis of numerous organs, namely the lung. Wnt proteins act through specific transmembrane receptors, which activate intracellular pathways that regulate cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and @entity204 . Morphogenesis of the fetal lung depends on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that are governed by several growth and transcription factors that regulate cell proliferation, fate, migration and differentiation. This process is controlled by different signaling pathways such as FGF, @entity40603 and Wnt among others. Wnt signaling is recognized as a key molecular player in @entity1 pulmonary development but little is known about its function in avian lung development. The present work characterizes, for the first time, the expression pattern of several Wnt signaling members, such as @entity10528 , @entity65920 , @entity10530 , @entity10531 , @entity10533 , @entity10532 , @entity55350 , @entity65921 , @entity65922 , @entity65923 , @entity9943 , b-catenin and @entity9945 at early stages of @entity1573 lung development. In general, their expression is similar to their @entity1 counterparts. By assessing protein expression levels of active/total b-catenin and phospho- @entity65922 / @entity65922 it is revealed that canonical Wnt signaling is active in this embryonic tissue. In vitro inhibition studies were performed in order to evaluate the function of Wnt signaling pathway in lung branching. Lung explants treated with canonical Wnt signaling inhibitors ( @entity15711 and PK115-584) presented an impairment of secondary branch formation after 48 h of culture along with a decrease in @entity9945 expression levels. Branching analysis confirmed this inhibition. Wnt-FGF crosstalk assessment revealed that this interaction is preserved in the @entity1573 lung. This study demonstrates that Wnt signaling is crucial for precise @entity1573 lung branching and further supports the avian lung as a good model for branching studies since it recapitulates early @entity1 pulmonary development.

title: Canonical wnt signaling activity in early stages of XXXX lung development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: Embryos of ICR @entity19 at the preimplantation stage of development were used to examine the single and combined effects of ultrasound (US) and radiation. Pregnant @entity19 were exposed to a single dose of whole body gamma radiation and/or US at 2 hpc (hours postconception) or 3 hpc. The exposure duration was 10 min with 1-MHz continuous wave US at 1 or 2 W/cm(2) by I(SPTA) (intensities of spatial peak temporal average). Gamma irradiation of pregnant @entity19 (2 hpc) was at 0.5 Gy at a dosage rate of 0.2 Gy/min. The rate for ultrasonic irradiation was a dose of 1 or 2 W/cm(2), considered by some to be too high in therapy, such as for @entity625 in the rehabilitation area of the medical application. Various @entity600 were recognized, and the incidence of @entity600 in the 0.5-Gy exposure and the control groups were compared. A greater number of @entity600 were observed in the 0.5-Gy exposure group relative to the 0.5-Gy plus 1.0 W/cm(2) US exposure group. Therefore, the synergistic effects of radiation relate to external @entity600 , the number of implantations, and the rate of @entity204 due to US. It appears that US may act to repair DNA damaged by ionizing radiation. The cell cycle of the fertilized egg is delayed, which may be the mechanism by which lesions induced by ionizing radiation are healed by ultrasonic irradiation.

title: Combined effects of radiation and ultrasound on ICR XXXX in the preimplantation stage.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic death']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND @entity356 is one of the most common @entity5 , and has a high mortality rate. @entity21072 acts as a suppressor in some @entity5 and @entity9625 ( @entity9625 ) is a facilitator for cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but little is known about their effect in @entity356 . This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of @entity21072 in @entity356 . MATERIAL AND METHODS @entity21072 levels were quantitatively analyzed in @entity356 tissue and GES-1, SGC-7901, @entity1 , and HGC-27 cell lines by qRT-PCR. Levels of @entity21072 and @entity9625 were altered by cell transfection, after which cell migration and invasion were examined by Transwell and @entity5962 ( @entity5962 ); @entity2277 ( @entity2277 ), and alpha smooth muscle actin ( @entity17712 ) were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The interaction between @entity21072 and @entity9625 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS @entity21072 was significantly downregulated in @entity5 tissue and cell lines (p<0.05). Its overexpression inhibited cell migration and invasion, elevated @entity5962 , and inhibited @entity2277 and @entity17712 levels in @entity1 and HGC-27 cells. @entity21072 directly inhibited @entity9625 , which was upregulated in @entity356 tissue, and promoted cell migration and invasion, inhibited @entity5962 , and elevated @entity2277 and @entity17712 . CONCLUSIONS @entity21072 acts as a @entity5 suppressor in @entity356 by inhibiting cell migration and invasion, which may be associated with its direct inhibition on @entity9625 . These results suggest a promising therapeutic strategy for @entity356 treatment.

title: MicroRNA-495 Inhibits @entity356 Cell Migration and Invasion Possibly via Targeting XXXX ( @entity9625 ).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity9625 :: ('8091', 'Gene') :: ['HMGA2', 'high mobility group AT-hook 2']

answer: @entity9625 :: (8091,Gene) :: ['High Mobility Group AT-Hook 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The ability of DTI to track the progression of @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity2746 has not been explored so far. We performed a longitudinal DTI study in @entity1 with @entity196 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity196 and 16 healthy age-matched controls were examined twice with DTI (mean time between scans, 3.6 years [ @entity1 ] and 3.3 years [controls]) on the same 1.5T MR scanner. Using tract-based spatial statistics, we analyzed changes in DTI-derived indices: mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and mode of anisotropy. RESULTS: At baseline, the @entity1 with @entity196 , as compared with controls, showed numerous WM tracts with significantly increased mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity and decreased fractional anisotropy and mode of anisotropy in the brain stem, cerebellar peduncles, cerebellum, cerebral hemisphere WM, corpus callosum, and thalami. Longitudinal analysis revealed changes in axial diffusivity and mode of anisotropy in @entity1 with @entity196 that were significantly different than those in the controls. In @entity1 with @entity196 , axial diffusivity was increased in WM tracts of the right cerebral hemisphere and the corpus callosum, and the mode of anisotropy was extensively decreased in hemispheric cerebral WM, corpus callosum, internal capsules, cerebral peduncles, pons and left cerebellar peduncles, and WM of the left paramedian vermis. There was no correlation between the progression of changes in DTI-derived indices and clinical deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: DTI can reveal the progression of @entity16 of WM fibers in the brains of @entity1 with @entity196 , and mode of anisotropy seems particularly sensitive to such changes. These results support the potential of DTI-derived indices as biomarkers of disease progression.

title: Progression of @entity16 in XXXX : A Longitudinal DTI Study.

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['spinocerebellar ataxia type 2']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['microstructural damage']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['inherited ataxias']

answer: @entity196 :: (MESH:D020754,Disease) :: ['Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2']


abstract: Nine @entity1 with @entity867 were treated at our institution over a 3-year period. Seven of them were @entity1 and two were @entity1 . In five cases, the @entity733 were otogenic, and in two cases, the cause was tubercular (including one case of @entity2346 ). There were three cases of @entity733 formation in dermoids. All cases were managed with primary excision of the @entity733 . The average hospital stay was 12 days, and there was no mortality. The most common complication was @entity1276 , noticed in three @entity1 , of whom one eventually required shunt placement. Our policy of primary excision of these @entity733 has yielded gratifying results. This approach also resulted in minimal morbidity and a substantially shortened hospital stay. Moreover, primary excision yields definitive histopathology of the lesion, especially in cases of tubercular and dermoid etiologies.

title: Primary excision of pediatric posterior fossa XXXX --towards zero mortality? A series of nine cases and review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['tubercular otitis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses', 'abscess']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['infratentorial brain abscesses']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['abscesses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The progression of @entity0 is increasing at an alarming rate, particularly in western countries. Meanwhile, the lower incidence in Asian countries could be attributed to the heavy incorporation of green leaves vegetables or spices in their diets. Murraya koenigii (MK) or often times known as curry leaves are common spice used mostly in tropical countries. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of MK aqueous extract on 4T1 @entity0 cell-challenged @entity19 were evaluated. METHODS: Herein, cytotoxic activity of MK was first tested on 4T1 cells in vitroby @entity98 assay. Then, in vivo chemopreventive study was conducted where @entity19 were fed with extracts prior to and after inducing the @entity5 (inoculation). @entity5 size was monitored post-4T1 inoculation. At the end of experiment, histopathology of @entity5 sections, T cell immunophenotyping, @entity5 @entity842 level, serum cytokine level and qPCR analysis on expression of @entity13633 , iCAM, NF-kB and c-MYC were performed. RESULTS: MK reduced the @entity5 ' size and lung metastasis aside from inhibited the viability of 4T1 cells in vitro. Furthermore, it decreased the level of @entity842 and inflammation-related cytokines and genes, including @entity13633 , iCAM, NF-kB and c-MYC. CONCLUSION: The results propose that, MK managed to inhibit the progression of @entity5 via immunostimulatory effect and inflammatory reaction within the @entity5 samples. This suggests that MKconsumption could be a savior in the search of new chemopreventive agents.

title: Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 XXXX cell-challenged @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mobile elements are active in the @entity1 genome, both in the germline and @entity5 , where they can mutate driver genes. RESULTS: While analysing whole genome paired-end sequencing of oesophageal @entity420 to find genomic rearrangements, we identified three ways in which new mobile element insertions appear in the data, resembling translocation or insertion junctions: inserts where unique sequence has been transduced by an L1 (Long interspersed element 1) mobile element; novel inserts that are confidently, but often incorrectly, mapped by alignment software to L1s or @entity12564 tracts in the reference sequence; and a combination of these two ways, where different sequences within one insert are mapped to different loci. We identified nine unique sequences that were transduced by neighbouring L1s, both L1s in the reference genome and L1s not present in the reference. Many of the resulting inserts were small fragments that include little or no recognisable mobile element sequence. We found 6 loci in the reference genome to which sequence reads from inserts were frequently mapped, probably erroneously, by alignment software: these were either L1 sequence or particularly long @entity12564 runs. Inserts identified from such apparent rearrangement junctions averaged 16 inserts/ @entity5 , range 0-153 insertions in 43 @entity5 . However, many inserts would not be detected by mapping the sequences to the reference genome, because they do not include sufficient mappable sequence. To estimate total somatic inserts we searched for @entity12564 sequences that were not present in the matched normal or other normals from the same @entity5 batch, and were not associated with known polymorphisms. Samples of these candidate inserts were verified by sequencing across them or manual inspection of surrounding reads: at least 85 % were somatic and resembled L1-mediated events, most including L1Hs sequence. Approximately 100 such inserts were detected per @entity5 on average (range zero to approximately 700). CONCLUSIONS: Somatic mobile elements insertions are abundant in these @entity5 , with over 75 % of cases having a number of novel inserts detected. The inserts create a variety of problems for the interpretation of paired-end sequencing data.

title: Mobile element insertions are frequent in oesophageal XXXX and can mislead paired-end sequencing analysis.

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: Anterior bulging of the abdomen and posterior protrusion of the buttocks are externally visible deformities reflecting @entity10145 . Imbalance in pelvic femoral muscles may account for this posture. Despite the clinical significance of hyperlordosis, its surgical treatment has not been well-described. In the current preliminary study, the authors compare two techniques used at the authors' institution for lower limb lengthening, one of which affects the correction of @entity10145 . Ten @entity1 had bilateral lower extremity lengthening procedures. Seven @entity1 had bilateral tibial lengthening and three @entity1 had combined femoral and tibial lengthening. Ring external fixators were used. Correction of hyperlordosis was assessed by comparing four radiographs with measurements in the sagittal plane obtained preoperatively with those at the latest followup. In the femoral lengthening group, the average preoperative lumbar @entity1515 angle was 18 degrees, the lumbosacral joint angle was 12 degrees, the sacral inclination angle was 58.3 degrees, and the sacrohorizontal angle was 31 degrees. The mean changes at the latest followup were: lumbar @entity1515 angle (+1 degree), lumbosacral joint angle (+0.3 degrees), sacral inclination angle (-19 degrees), and sacrohorizontal angle (-15 degrees). In the tibia lengthening group, all parameters were relatively unaltered at the last followup compared with their preoperative levels. Tibial lengthening had no effect on @entity10145 . However, femoral lengthening resulted in an improved apparent @entity10145 , although the lumbar @entity1515 angle was not changed significantly. The change in sacrum tilting provides a likely explanation for the improvement in cosmetic hyperlordosis observed in @entity1 who have had femoral lengthening.

title: Correction of XXXX in achondroplasia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral hyperlordosis']

answer: @entity10145 :: (MESH:C537221,Disease) :: ['lumbosacral hyperlordosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and tolerability of the three-drug combination of @entity1311 , @entity1260 and @entity3003 (TIC) in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . The specific objectives of the study were: (i) to define the dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) and the maximum-tolerated dose of @entity1260 administered as part of the combination; and (ii) to determine the overall response rate and overall survival of @entity1 treated with this regimen. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with untreated, stage IIIB ( @entity1143 ) or stage IV @entity1149 were enrolled in one of three cohorts. @entity1 received @entity1311 200 mg/m(2) as a 1-h infusion on day 1 with @entity3003 at an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 6 mg.min/ml on day 2. For dose level I, @entity1260 was administered at a dose of 2 g/m(2) on days 1 and 2. For dose levels II and III, the dose of @entity1260 was decreased to 1.5 g/m(2) on days 1 and 2 and the dose of @entity3003 was decreased to AUC 5 mg.ml/min. Therapy for dose levels I and III included filgrastim support (5 micro g/kg/day), which was initiated on day 3 and continued until after day 11 or until an absolute neutrophil count >10 000/ micro l. Treatment cycles were repeated every 21 days. Once the phase II dose was established, a full cohort of @entity1 received therapy at this dose level to examine further the regimen's activity and tolerability. RESULTS: @entity1398 was the DLT encountered for dose levels I and II. No DLT was encountered in the initial six @entity1 treated at dose level III, and therefore this dose level was declared the recommended phase II dose. A total of 49 @entity1 were treated at the recommended phase II dose. The predominant non-hematological @entity137 encountered with this triplet regimen was cumulative @entity1897 . Of the 65 eligible @entity1 enrolled in this study, 17 (26%) responded. There were 15 @entity1 with partial responses (23%), two with regression, and 26 with stabilization of disease (40%). Median progression-free and overall survival were 4.8 and 9.4 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The combination TIC is well-tolerated. This triplet regimen produced response and survival rates in advanced @entity1149 similar to those of other current combination chemotherapy regimens.

title: Phase I/II investigation of @entity1311 , XXXX and @entity3003 for advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: CONTEXT: Participation in collegiate @entity1 's lacrosse has increased dramatically, but little recent epidemiological data exists regarding @entity130 . OBJECTIVE: Describe the epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) @entity1 's @entity130 during the 2009-10 through 2014-15 academic years. SETTING: Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from 40 @entity1 's lacrosse programs providing 83 team-seasons of data. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : Collegiate @entity1 's lacrosse student-athletes. INTERVENTION: @entity1 's lacrosse data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (ISP) were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Injury rates; injury rate ratios (IRRs); and injury proportions by body site, diagnosis, and injury mechanism were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Time loss (TL) @entity130 resulted in participation restriction time of at least 24 hours. Non-time loss (NTL) @entity130 resulted in participation restriction time under 24 hours. RESULTS: There were 705 TL and NTL @entity1 's @entity130 , resulting in an injury rate of 4.93/1,000 athlete-exposures (AEs) (95% CI: 4.57-5.30). The TL and NTL injury rates were 2.18/1,000 AE (95% CI: 1.93-2.42) and 2.64/1,000 AE (95% CI: 2.37-2.90), respectively. Most @entity130 were to the lower extremity (competition: 64.4%; practice: 71.2%). Most @entity130 in competition were @entity6475 (26.0%), contusions (19.6%), and strains (19.2%); most @entity130 in practice were strains (21.4%), @entity6475 (18.1%), and inflammatory conditions (15.8%). Concussions comprised the highest proportion of head/face @entity130 (competition: 82.1%; practice: 54.5%). No @entity4858 were reported. The highest proportion of @entity130 were player contact (27.4%) in competitions and non-contact (32.1%) in practices. Contact with the ball and stick comprised 21.5% of competition and 14.0% of practice @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: The study is the most robust assessment of collegiate @entity1 's @entity130 to date, utilizing surveillance data that includes both TL and NTL @entity130 . Over half of all @entity130 were NTL; inclusion of such @entity130 further highlights the breadth of @entity130 managed by team medical staff.

title: Epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association XXXX 's Lacrosse Injuries, 2009-10 Through 2014-15.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'lacrosse injuries']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing use of dendritic cells (DCs) in clinical trials, questions regarding the optimal means of DC preparation, in particular how to achieve optimal maturation, remain unanswered. We hypothesized that delivering two separate sequential maturation signals to DC in vitro, mimicking the process of DC maturation that occurs in vivo, would enhance the ability of DCs to generate antigen-specific effector T cells in an experimental in vitro antimelanoma model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 monocyte-derived DCs were transfected with mRNA encoding @entity320 -associated antigen @entity6302 -1 ( @entity6302 ) or influenza M1 matrix protein (M1). After mRNA transfection, DCs were left untreated or exposed to different maturation stimuli either added simultaneously or delivered sequentially 18 h after first stimulation. Phenotypic DC cell-surface marker changes and IL-12 secretion were analyzed. Specific antigen presentation by DCs was measured by @entity379 release Elispot assay using a CD8(+) @entity6302 peptide-specific T cell clone. RNA-transfected and treated DCs were cultured with autologous naive T cells and the induction of antigen-specific effector T cells were assessed by @entity379 release Elispot assay. RESULTS: DCs transfected and matured had increased cell-surface expression of @entity2936 and costimulatory molecules @entity7938 , and @entity2937 . DCs matured and further treated by soluble @entity2936 ligand (sCD40L) had a 10- and 2-fold increase in @entity6302 antigen presentation compared to untreated (immature) DCs and DCs treated only with a first maturation signal, respectively (Elispot P = 0.02). Delivery of sequential maturation stimuli resulted in maximal DC IL-12 secretion compared to simultaneous stimuli. Last, generation of antigen-specific effector T cells more than doubled with the sequential addition of sCD40L to mature DC stimulators (Elispot P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Maturation of DCs following mRNA transfection increases expression of cell-surface costimulatory molecules. Delivery of a second sequential maturation stimulus enhances antigen presentation, increases IL-12 secretion, and augments immunogenicity as evidenced by generation of @entity5 antigen-specific effector T cells. This strategy should be considered in the future development of RNA-based DC vaccine strategies for the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Sequential delivery of maturation stimuli increases @entity1 dendritic cell IL-12 production and enhances XXXX antigen-specific immunogenicity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: It remains controversial whether a specific pattern of interictal epileptiform activity exists that may help to differentiate @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) due to @entity131 ( @entity131 ) from other forms of @entity1315 . In this study, we characterized the distribution of @entity302 in @entity1315 due to @entity131 as compared with those in @entity1 with @entity5 restricted to the medial temporal lobe structures. METHODS: The study included 21 adult @entity1 with unilateral @entity131 who remained @entity410 free (>1 year) after anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy. @entity1 with "dual pathology" were excluded. The comparison group consisted of nine @entity1 with @entity5 restricted to the amygdala and hippocampus. All @entity1 underwent video-EEG monitoring preoperatively by using 39 scalp electrodes (including the 10-10 system over both temporal regions) and bilateral sphenoidal electrodes. RESULTS: The @entity131 @entity1 group showed a significantly higher percentage of @entity302 maximal at anterior temporal electrodes (median, 97.0%; sphenoidal electrode alone, 88.1%), as compared with the @entity5 group (median, 72.1%; p<0.001; sphenoidal electrode alone, 24.8%; p<0.001). The @entity131 group had significantly fewer extratemporal spikes/sharp waves (median, 0.0), as compared with the @entity5 group (10.0%; p<0.001). At least 90% of the interictal discharges were located in the anterior temporal region in 20 (95.2%) of 21 @entity131 @entity1 , but in none of the @entity5 @entity1 (p<0.001). Bilateral temporal discharges were found in nine (42.9%) of 21 @entity1 with @entity131 and in two (22.2%) of nine @entity5 @entity1 (p = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that ipsilateral @entity302 outside the anterior temporal region are rare (<10%) in adults with intractable @entity1315 due to unilateral @entity131 . Frequent posterior or extratemporal sharp waves may detract from the certainty of this diagnosis in complicated cases. These @entity302 suggest a smaller irritative zone in @entity131 as compared with medial @entity5 , or a more organized activity associated with @entity75 . @entity302 were not uncommon in both groups.

title: Interictal XXXX in @entity1315 due to hippocampal sclerosis versus medial temporal lobe tumors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic hippocampal disease']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['interictal epileptiform discharges', 'restricted epileptiform discharges', 'ipsilateral epileptiform discharges', 'Bilateral epileptiform discharges']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptiform discharges']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In order to clarify the clinical characteristics of ANCA positive @entity12534 ( @entity12534 ), ten @entity12534 @entity1 were analyzed. METHODS: ANCA was detected using an immunofluorescence (IF) assay and ELISA. ANCA was measured in both active and inactive stage of the disease. RESULTS: ANCA was present in 5 @entity1 (5/10 : 50%) with active @entity12534 phase and all ANCA @entity1 results showed perinuclear pattern by IF assay and myeloperoxidase specific results by ELISA. @entity1 with ANCA were older (average age : 58.0) and had higher incidence of renal involvement (4/5 : 80%) than was found with ANCA negative @entity1 (average age; 38.4, no @entity1 with @entity8 ). Among 5 @entity1 with ANCA, one had rapidly progressive @entity631 and one had @entity548 . Remission was induced for 4 ANCA positive @entity1 by corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressive drug and one required long term maintenance hemodialysis. ANCA titer changed in parallel with disease activity, such as @entity644 , @entity811 and @entity548 . No significant differences in regard to @entity1712 , serum IgE and CRP titer were found between ANCA positive and negative @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These results strongly indicate that @entity3335 -ANCA may play an important role in the pathogenesis of vascultis, such as @entity8 and @entity548 in @entity12534 .

title: [Clinical study on five myeloperoxidase specific anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ( XXXX -ANCA) positive @entity12534 cases].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal involvements', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['CSS', 'Churg-Strauss syndrome']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity3335 :: (4353,Gene) :: ['MPO']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity714 (BBB) is considered an important predictor of poor outcome in @entity1 with @entity583 , but the consequences of right BBB are not well understood. OBJECTIVES: To 1) estimate the prevalence of left and right BBB in @entity1 with @entity583 ; 2) compare the clinical characteristics of and treatments received by @entity1 with left, right, or no BBB; and 3) determine the independent association of left BBB and right BBB with in-hospital death. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Multicenter registry of 1571 U.S. hospitals. @entity1 : 297,832 @entity1 with @entity583 who had left, right, or no BBB on initial electrocardiography. MEASUREMENTS: Presence and type of BBB, clinical characteristics of @entity1 , therapies given, and in-hospital death. RESULTS: @entity1 with left BBB (n = 19,967; 6.7%) or right BBB (n = 18,354; 6.2%) were older and had more comorbid illness and @entity712 than @entity1 with no BBB. Among @entity1 for whom thrombolytic therapy was clearly indicated, fewer @entity1 with left or right BBB (16.6% and 32.0%, respectively) than @entity1 with no BBB (66.5%) received this therapy (P < 0.001). Fewer @entity1 with left or right BBB (60.6% and 67.3%, respectively) than @entity1 with no BBB (75.6%) received @entity117 within the first 24 hours (P < 0.001), and fewer @entity1 with left or right BBB (23.9% and 31.8%, respectively) than @entity1 with no BBB (40.4%) received beta-blockers within the first 24 hours (P < 0.001). Unadjusted in-hospital mortality rates were almost twice as high for @entity1 with left or right BBB (22.6% and 23.0%, respectively) as for @entity1 with no BBB (13.1%) (P < 0.001). Compared with no BBB and no ST-segment elevation, left BBB was associated with a 34% increase (odds ratio, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.28 to 1.39]) and right BBB was associated with a 64% increase (odds ratio, 1.64 [CI, 1.57 to 1.71]) in the risk for in-hospital death, after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity583 , prevalences of right and left BBB are similar. @entity1 with BBB have more comorbid conditions, are less likely to receive therapy, and have an increased risk for in-hospital death compared with @entity1 with no BBB. Compared with left BBB, right BBB seems to be a stronger independent predictor of in-hospital death.

title: Bundle-branch block and in-hospital mortality in @entity583 . National Registry of XXXX 2 Investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['Left bundle-branch block']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Therapeutic targets in pediatric @entity30 include symptoms, quality of life (QOL), and @entity33 . Although partial enteral nutrition (PEN), exclusive enteral nutritional (EEN), and anti- @entity5 necrosis factor alpha (anti- @entity2874 ) therapy all improve symptoms, the comparative effectiveness of these approaches to improve QOL and achieve @entity33 has not been assessed prospectively. METHODS: In a prospective study of @entity1 initiating PEN, EEN, or anti- @entity2874 therapy for @entity30 , we compared clinical outcomes using the @entity11618 Activity Index (PCDAI), QOL (IMPACT score), and @entity33 as estimated by fecal calprotectin (FCP). PCDAI, IMPACT, FCP, and diet (prompted 24-h recall) were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of therapy. RESULTS: We enrolled 90 @entity1 with active @entity30 (PCDAI, 33.7    13.7; and FCP, 976    754), of whom 52 were treated with anti- @entity2874 , 22 with EEN, and 16 with PEN plus ad lib diet. Clinical response (PCDAI reduction >= 15 or final PCDAI  <=10) was achieved by 64% on PEN, 88% EEN, and 84% anti- @entity2874 (test for trend P = 0.08). FCP  <=250  g/g was achieved with PEN in 14%, EEN 45%, and anti- @entity2874 62% (test for trend P = 0.001). Improvement in overall QOL was not statistically significantly different between the 3 groups (P = 0.86). However, QOL improvement was the greatest with EEN in the body image (P = 0.03) domain and with anti- @entity2874 in the emotional domain (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Although PEN improved clinical symptoms, EEN and anti- @entity2874 were more effective for @entity32 and improving specific aspects of QOL.

title: Comparative Effectiveness of Nutritional and Biological Therapy in North American @entity1 with Active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['decreasing mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity11618 :: ('MESH:C536215', 'Disease') :: ["Pediatric Crohn's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prospective clinical trial data regarding routine @entity2858 viral load (VL) monitoring of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in non-research clinics of Sub-Saharan Africa are needed for policy makers. METHODS: CLinic-based ART Diagnostic Evaluation (CLADE) is a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) evaluating feasibility, superiority, and cost-effectiveness of routine VL vs. standard of care (clinical and immunological) monitoring in adults initiating dual @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)+non-NRTI ART. @entity1 were randomized (1:1) at 7 predominately rural, non-research, district-level clinics of western Kenya. Descriptive statistics present accrual patterns and baseline cohort characteristics. RESULTS: Over 15 months, 820 adults enrolled at 7 sites with 86-152 enrolled per site. Monthly site enrollment ranged from 2-92 @entity1 . Full (100%) informed consent compliance was independently documented. Half (49.9%) had @entity645 diagnosed through voluntary counseling and testing. Study arms were similar: mostly females (57.6%) aged 37.6 (SD = 9.0) years with low @entity404 (166 [SD = 106]) cells/m3). Notable proportions had WHO Stage III or IV disease (28.7%), BMI <18.5 kg/m2 (23.1%), and a history of @entity378 (5.6%) or were receiving @entity378 treatment (8.2%) at ART initiation. In the routine VL arm, 407/409 (99.5%) received baseline VL (234,577 SD = 151,055 copies/ml). All @entity1 received @entity16332 ; 49.8% started @entity9611 followed by 38.4% @entity14027 and 11.8% @entity15833 ; and, 64.4% received @entity5198 as nNRTI (35.6% efavirenz). CONCLUSIONS: A RCT can be enrolled successfully in rural, non-research, resource limited, district-level clinics in western Kenya. Many adults presenting for ART have advanced @entity645 / @entity791 , emphasizing the importance of universal @entity645 testing and linkage-to-care campaigns. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01791556.

title: Kericho CLinic-Based ART Diagnostic Evaluation (CLADE): Design, Accrual, and Baseline Characteristics of a Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted in Predominately Rural, District-Level, XXXX Clinics of Kenya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity14027 :: ('MESH:D018119', 'Chemical') :: ['stavudine']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether unmetabolized @entity12141 in urine is a useful marker of low-level occupational exposure to this @entity6178 solvent, as is the case for @entity11575 . METHODS: The study was conducted in the second half of a working week. In total, 27 furniture-making workers (19 @entity1 and eight @entity1 ) and 11 non-exposed controls (six @entity1 and five @entity1 ) volunteered to participate in the study. Time-weighted average (TWA; 8-h) concentration of vapors of several solvents in air, including @entity12141 (MIBK-A) and @entity11575 ( @entity63247 ) was monitored by diffusive sampling. Urine samples collected at the end of the shift were subjected to head-space gas chromatography (GC) analysis for the unmetabolized solvents (i.e., MIBK-U and @entity8047 -U). The relationship between the concentration of the solvent vapor and the corresponding solvent level in urine was examined by simple as well as multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The exposures to MIBK and @entity8047 were well below the current occupational exposure limit levels, but the maximum levels of exposure to @entity8336 and @entity18008 were around the corresponding exposure limit. The correlation of the TWA concentration of the solvent in air with the concentration of the corresponding solvent in the end-of-shift urine sample was significant both for MIBK and for @entity8047 , and the correlation coefficient was larger for MIBK than for @entity8047 . The slope in the exposure-excretion regression line was almost twice as steep for @entity8047 than for MIBK, possibly due to the difference in water solubility. Approximately 0.12% of MIBK absorbed in the lungs will be excreted into urine, whereas the yield for @entity8047 was somewhat higher (0.19%). CONCLUSION: MIBK in urine is a good marker of exposure to MIBK, as in the case of @entity8047 in urine for @entity8047 exposure.

title: XXXX and @entity11575 in urine as biological markers of occupational exposure to these solvents at low levels.

entities_list: @entity11575 :: ('MESH:C005222', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl ethyl ketone']

entities_list: @entity18008 :: ('MESH:C004912', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylbenzene']

entities_list: @entity12141 :: ('MESH:C005458', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl isobutyl ketone']

answer: @entity12141 :: (MESH:C005458,Chemical) :: ['Methyl isobutyl ketone']


abstract: The Yunnan shoot borer, Tomicus yunnanensis, is a recently-discovered, aggressive pest of the Yunnan pine stands in southwestern China. Despite many bionomics studies and massive controlling efforts, research on its population genetics is extremely limited. The present study, aimed at investigating the origin and dispersal of this important forestry pest, analyzed the population genetic structure and demographic history using a mitochondrial @entity9859 gene fragment. Our results showed that @entity64719 most likely originated from the Central-Yunnan Altiplano, and the divergence time analysis placed the origin approximately 0.72 million-years ago. Host separation and specialization might have caused the speciation of @entity64719 . Genetic structure analyses identified two population groups, with six populations near the origin area forming one group and the remaining six populations from western and eastern Yunnan and southwestern Sichuan comprising the other. Divergence time analysis placed the split of the two groups at approximately 0.60 million-years ago, and haplotype phylogenetic tree, network, as well as migration rate suggested that populations of the latter group were established via a small number of individuals from the former one. Migration analysis also showed a certain degree of recent expansion from southwestern Sichuan to eastern Yunnan. Our findings implied that @entity64719 underwent both historical expansion and recent dispersal. The historical expansion may relate to the oscillation of regional climate due to glacial and interglacial periods in the Pleistocene, while @entity1 -mediated transportation of pine-wood material might have assisted the relocation and establishment of this pest in novel habitats.

title: Origin and expansion of the Yunnan Shoot Borer, Tomicus yunnanensis (coleoptera: scolytinae): a mixture of historical natural expansion and contemporary XXXX -mediated relocation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A series of 125 @entity0 studied by both radiological and ultrasound mammography, and which were observed in 102 @entity1 , is presented. Of the lesions, 76.5% were less than 20 mm in diameter, and 16.8% had a diameter 10 mm or less. Sixteen lesions were in situ or microinvasive. Analysis of the results shows a 40.8% rate of false-negative results with radiological mammography, when only 'highly suspicious' and 'suspicious' images are considered. This figure is reduced to 28% when 'benign-appearing' masses are included in the computation. Using similar diagnostic categories, the false-negative rates obtained with ultrasound mammography were 14.4% and 12.8%, respectively. Combining radiological and ultrasound mammography resulted in a dramatic decrease in the false-negative rate to 4% The number of false-negative results observed with either radiological or ultrasound mammography was in the higher range of reported values when compared to selected studies. However, they may, in fact, closely reflect the real performance of these investigations, as they are available to @entity1 in everyday clinical practice. Analysis of the data shows that radiological mammography is less efficient in younger @entity1 . The mean age of the @entity1 in the radiological mammography positive group was 54.3 +/- 1.2 years, as opposed to 47.5 +/- 2.1 (p = 0.004) in the radiological mammography negative group. In contrast, the efficiency of ultrasound mammography is independent of the @entity1 's age, and consequently of breast density. In this series, no obvious size effect was apparent on @entity5 visibility using either imaging modality. The present study shows that the false-negative rate of radiological as well as ultrasound mammography is higher than usually perceived. Given the complementarity of radiological and ultrasound mammography, their combination proves highly sensitive and highly specific. However, this conclusion will only apply when both breasts are examined completely, but not when ultrasound examination of the breasts is restricted to the imaging of an @entity154 with radiological mammography. The time needed to perform a complete breast examination reduces its potential use in a screening program. On the other hand, its use appears of major relevance in @entity1 with breasts where the performance of radiological mammography is questionable, such as younger @entity1 , or @entity1 with dense breasts.

title: The value of ultrasonic examination to detect and diagnose @entity0 . Analysis of the results obtained in 125 XXXX using radiographic and ultrasound mammography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomaly detected']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Inappropriate laboratory testing constitutes a vast burden regarding the cost and the workload for health care system. Unnecessary repetition of tests is one of the most common reasons accounting for inappropriate laboratory utilization. A wide spectrum of tests are utilized to diagnose @entity1956 in @entity233 because of the high seroprevalence rates. The present research aimed to determine the rate of unnecessary repeat testing of anti-HAV total and anti- @entity13210 used in serological diagnosis of @entity1956 and to discuss the possible solutions for this problem. Laboratory records of the serology laboratory of Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, dating between May 2002 - May 2005, were evaluated retrospectively. Unnecessary repeat testing was defined as the repetition of anti-HAV total and/or anti- @entity13210 for the @entity1 positive for one or both of the tests. During the study period of three years, a total of 10.658 anti-HAV total and 13.047 anti- @entity13210 were tested of which 8.550 (80%) and 4.959 (38%) were found positive, respectively. Out of the positive results, 1.197 (14%) anti-HAV total and 904 (18%) anti- @entity13210 tests were detected to be unnecessarily repeated tests. The estimated cost of a total of 2101 unnecessarily repeated tests was found approximately 17.000 US Dollars. Our data display that considerable amount of unnecessary testing takes place in serological testing of @entity99 . Prevention of inappropriate laboratory requests by clinicians would help to diminish the work load in serology laboratories and the cost both for the hospitals and the country.

title: [Unnecessary test repeats in XXXX serology].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A and B infections']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['viral hepatitis']


abstract: To establish an effective method of continuous quality control of acute @entity158 service, a retrospective study on incident reporting during postoperative @entity1337 period was conducted. Incidents were reported and analyzed in 1507 @entity1 who received epidural postoperative @entity1337 , and the results of satisfaction of @entity158 relief was compared with those of incident analysis. In this study, an incident was defined as any factor that might or had affected @entity1 's safety during @entity1337 period. Our results showed that 1203 incidents were reported in 641 of 1507 @entity1 , of which 122 incidents were critical. 78.3% of all incidents were detected by acute @entity158 service stuff. The most common incidents included complications, insufficient @entity1337 and problems with delivery circuits. @entity1 factors were involved in 28.9% of the incidents, most being associated with technical failure due to unskillfulness, poor communications between @entity12009 stuff and @entity1 and lack of cooperation with surgeons and nurses. The general satisfaction rate of the @entity1 was 90.8%. There was a very significant difference between the satisfaction of the @entity1 who suffered from incidents and who did not (P < 0.001). It is concluded that incidents affect the satisfaction of the @entity1 who received postoperative @entity158 relief. Incident reporting is a more effective method for quality control of acute @entity158 service.

title: Quality control of postoperative acute XXXX service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated safety and efficacy of @entity17482 / @entity17482 (PTK/ZK), a novel @entity669 kinase inhibitor of KIT, platelet-derived growth factor receptors and vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), in @entity1 with @entity2213 -resistant @entity674 ( @entity674 ). This is the first study of PTK/ZK in this population. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with metastatic @entity674 that had progressed after >/= 4-week treatment with @entity2213 were eligible. Prior @entity319 inhibitor therapy was not permitted. PTK/ZK 1250 mg orally once-daily was administered to 15 @entity1 (accrued as a two-stage procedure), most of whom (n = 11) had been unsuccessfully treated with @entity2213 800 mg daily, until treatment failure. @entity1 were monitored at 4- to 8-week intervals. RESULTS: All 15 @entity1 enrolled were eligible; two (13%) achieved partial response (PR), eight (53%) had @entity66 ( @entity66 ) >/=3 months, and five (33%) progressed. The clinical benefit rate (PR + @entity66 ) was 67% (95% CI 38% to 86%). Median time to progression was 8.5 months (range 0.9-24.8+ months). Three @entity1 had not progressed at the time of analysis, including one PR at 24.8 months and two SDs at 16.6 and 18.6 months on treatment. PTK/ZK was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: PTK/ZK 1250 mg p.o. once daily is active and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity2213 -resistant @entity674 .

title: Phase II, open-label study of @entity17482 / XXXX for the treatment of metastatic @entity674 resistant to @entity2213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity17482 :: (MESH:C404768,Chemical) :: ['ZK222584']


abstract: Two groups of @entity19 were infested with first stage larvae of the @entity1 bot- @entity238 , @entity41700 (Linnaeus Jr) (Diptera: Oestridae). In the first group, skin biopsies were carried out 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 18 days after @entity277 . The second group was also infested but had all the larvae removed 5 days after @entity277 . The @entity19 in the latter group were reinfested 4 weeks later and skin biopsies were carried out 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 18 days after reinfestation. In the first group, an inflammatory reaction began slowly, the neutrophils being the main inflammatory cells, eosinophils being scarce. The reaction progressed with time, developing a @entity39 halo around the larvae containing inflammatory cells surrounded by fibroblasts. The @entity32 invaded the adjacent tissue. In the second group, the inflammatory reaction was intense on the day immediately after reinfestation, the pattern being changed by the presence of a large number of eosinophils. Activated fibroblasts surrounding the @entity39 area around the larvae appeared 3 days after reinfestation in the second group and 7 days after @entity277 in the first group. The results demonstrated that the previous contact with the antigens elicited the early arrival of eosinophils, probably through the chemotactic factors liberated by mast cells in the anaphylactic reaction.

title: Inflammatory reaction to the @entity1 bot- @entity238 , XXXX , in infested and reinfested @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

entities_list: @entity41700 :: ('115427', 'Species') :: ['Dermatobia hominis']

answer: @entity41700 :: (115427,Species) :: ['Dermatobia hominis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Data on outcome of childhood @entity1988 from developing countries are sparse. This study looks at outcome in @entity1 with @entity1988 from a federal government-funded teaching hospital in North India. METHODS: This study included @entity1 less than 14 years of age with @entity1988 who presented to a single center during a period of 24 years (1991 to 2013). Data on clinical characteristics and outcome were extracted from medical records. The primary outcome was actuarial survival (time-to- @entity204 ) and secondary outcome was actuarial renal survival using Kaplan-Meier analysis. A worst-case scenario that assumed @entity1 who were lost to follow-up as having either died or gone into @entity454 was also calculated. Log-rank test and Cox-regression were used to assess difference in survival by histological class and predictors of poor outcome, respectively. RESULTS: This study included 72 @entity1 , with a female:male ratio of 3:1, mean (  SD) age at onset of lupus 9.3 (  2.4) years and mean (  SD) time from onset-to- @entity1310 being 9.4 (  12.6) months. Renal biopsy was conducted in 53 @entity1 . The most common histological class was class IV (35 @entity1 ). Mortality occurred in 22 @entity1 (30%), with half of these occurring at presentation. The two important causes of @entity204 were @entity281 and @entity454 . Actuarial survival was 81%, 67% and 59% at one, five and 10 years, respectively. In the worst-case scenario, actuarial survival was 72%, 53% and 38%, respectively. Renal survival was 96%, 89% and 78% (worst-case scenario 86%, 73% and 52%) at one, five and 10 years, respectively. There was no difference in survival by histological class. On univariate analysis, serum @entity1011 at presentation (hazard ratio   =   2.2 (95% CI 1.3-3.9)) and serious @entity281 (hazard ratio 7.9 (95% CI 2.6-23.5)) were statistically significant predictors of time-to- @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Outcome of @entity1 with @entity1988 from India is worse than developed countries. Nearly one-third of the @entity1 died, half at presentation, with common causes being @entity281 and @entity454 .

title: Childhood XXXX in a developing country-24 years' single-center experience from North India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several trials showed that early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is superior to delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute @entity2679 . However actual practice does not conform to current evidence. The aim of this study is to compare outcomes and total hospital costs between early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute @entity2679 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity1 with acute @entity2679 that underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy at our institutions was performed. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups on the basis of the treatment received and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The study included 91 @entity1 , 52 female and 39 male, with a mean age of 55. Early surgery was performed in 32 cases and delayed surgery in 59 cases. The two groups were comparable for demographics data and severity of disease on admission. There was a no significant difference (p = 0.174) in the mean operative time between early (54.8 min) and delayed group (47.8 min). Conversion rate was higher in the early group (34.3% vs. 20.3%), but difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.223). The overall complications rate was comparable (18.7% early vs. 16.9% delayed, p = 0.941). Length of postoperative stay (4.3 vs. 3.8 days) was similar (p = 0.437), but total hospital stay was significantly 4 days shorter in the early group (p < 0.0001). The mean total cost was higher for the delayed group (4171 vs. 6041), with a significant difference of 1870 @entity7634 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy has an outcome comparable to the delayed procedure, with a shorter total hospital stay and lower total costs, and it should be considered as the preferred approach in treatment of acute @entity2679 .

title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute XXXX : comparison of outcomes and costs between early and delayed cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: The study aimed to explore the differences in the role of specific personal and interpersonal risk factors in predicting @entity15892 ( @entity15892 ) and to examine whether @entity15892 predicts postnatal maternal adaptation in nulliparous and parous @entity1 . A prospective correlational design with two time periods (pre- and postnatal) was carried out with 158 @entity1 , 85 nulliparous and 73 parous. @entity1 at Week 32 of gestation completed a demographic questionnaire, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (K.Wijma, B. Wijma, _ M. Zar, 1998), the State-Trait @entity148 Inventory (C.D. Spielberger, R.L. Gorsuch, _ R.E. Lushene, 1970), the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (L.R. Derogatis, 1983), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (G.B. Spanier, 1976), and the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (M. West, A. Sheldon, _ L. Reiffer, 1987). Three months after delivery, the @entity1 completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (J.L. Cox, J.M. Holden, _ R. Sagovsky, 1987) and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (R. Abidin, 1986). Pearson's correlations and a series of multiple regressions were conducted. The results indicated that in the prenatal period, higher state anxiety, b  =  .35, p < .001, lower dyadic adjustment, b  =  -.26, p  =  .03, and higher insecurity in attachment relationships, b  =  .39, p < .001, predicted @entity15892 in first-time mothers only. In the postnatal period, @entity15892 predicted postnatal maternal risk for @entity308 , b  =  .39, p  =  .02, and parenting stress, b  =  .42, p  =  .02, for nulliparous @entity1 only. The specific antecedents and consequences of @entity15892 in nulliparous and parous @entity1 should be taken into consideration when developing specific interventions.

title: ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF FEAR OF CHILDBIRTH IN NULLIPAROUS AND PAROUS XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15892 :: ('MESH:C563679', 'Disease') :: ['FOC', 'fear of childbirth']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['WOMEN']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the role of an elevated total plasma @entity1255 level (hyperhomocyst[e]inemia) in @entity1 with @entity49 , as reflected by the medical literature and the consensus opinion of recognized experts in the field. DATA SOURCES: Review of the medical literature, primarily from the last 10 years. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: The literature was reviewed to identify key points defining the condition, and the clinical study design of each article was examined. A draft manuscript was prepared and circulated prior to the conference to every @entity1 in the College of American Pathologists Conference XXXVI: Diagnostic Issues in @entity49 . Each of the key points and associated recommendations was then presented for discussion at the conference. Recommendations were accepted if a consensus of the 70% of the experts attending the conference was reached. The results of the discussion were used to revise the manuscript into its final form. CONCLUSIONS: Consensus was reached on 9 recommendations concerning the criteria for diagnosis, the method of testing, and the approach for clinical management. A major point of consensus was that no causal role of hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in @entity49 is yet established. Testing methods used to measure @entity1255 directly are sensitive and reliable, and provide more information than does genotyping for markers linked to abnormal plasma @entity1255 .

title: Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombophilia', 'venous or arterial thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['Thrombophilia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of substitute valve at the popliteal vein in treatment of @entity4096 of lower extremities. METHODS: From January 1996 to August 2002, 27 @entity1 were diagnosed having @entity4096 of lower extremities by color Doppler and radiography with an average disease course of 17.4 years. All 27 @entity1 had varicose vein, 25 @entity158 , 22 swelling, 25 pigmentation in ankle area and 19 chronic @entity1066 . Two cases had been treated with great saphenous vein ligation and striping. Average vein pressure in resting position was (11.00 +/- 0.73) kPa, and the ambulatory venous pressure was (9.14 +/- 0.68) kPa. All @entity1 were treated with substitute valve at the popliteal vein, and great saphenous vein ligation and stripping, some were treated with subfascial endoscopic perforating veins ablation. RESULTS: The average ambulatory venous pressure after operation was (5.94 +/- 0.82) kPa, were significantly different from that before operation(P < 0.01). The curative results were satisfactory, and all symptom and physical sign disappeared. After a mean follow-up period of 2-6 years, 21 cases had satisfactory results. CONCLUSION: Substitute valve at the popliteal vein have the value of widespread application.

title: [Substitute valve at popliteal vein in treating XXXX of lower extremities].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous valve insufficiency']

answer: @entity4096 :: (MESH:D014689,Disease) :: ['deep venous valve insufficiency']


abstract: Activated fibroblasts are key contributors to the fibrotic extracellular matrix accumulation during @entity1575 . The origin of such fibroblasts is still debated, although several studies point to stellate cells as the principal source. The role of adult hepatocytes as contributors to the accumulation of fibroblasts in the fibrotic liver is yet undetermined. Here, we provide evidence that the pro-fibrotic growth factor, @entity641 , induces adult @entity19 hepatocytes to undergo phenotypic and functional changes typical of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). We perform lineage-tracing experiments using AlbCre. R26RstoplacZ double @entity19 to demonstrate that hepatocytes which undergo EMT contribute substantially to the population of @entity25636 -positive fibroblasts in CCL(4)-induced @entity1575 . Furthermore, we demonstrate that @entity17736 ( @entity17736 ), a member of the TGFbeta superfamily, which is known to antagonize TGFbeta signaling, significantly inhibits progression of @entity1575 in these @entity19 . @entity17736 treatment abolishes EMT-derived fibroblasts, suggesting that the therapeutic effect of @entity17736 was at least partially due to the inhibition of EMT. These results provide direct evidence for the functional involvement of adult hepatocytes in the accumulation of activated fibroblasts in the fibrotic liver. Furthermore, our findings suggest that EMT is a promising therapeutic target for the attenuation of @entity1575 .

title: Fibroblasts derive from hepatocytes in XXXX via epithelial to mesenchymal transition.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity560 and related compounds have been used to prevent @entity174 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of @entity560 or analogues, with or without @entity460 , in the prevention of @entity174 in older @entity1 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group trials register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2005), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and reference lists of articles. Most recent search: March 2005. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised trials comparing @entity560 or an analogue, alone or with @entity460 , against placebo, no intervention, or @entity460 , reporting @entity174 outcomes, in older @entity1 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality, and extracted data. Data were pooled, where admissible, using the fixed-effect model, or random-effects model if the relative risks were heterogeneous. MAIN RESULTS: @entity560 alone showed no statistically significant effect on @entity173 (seven trials, 18,668 @entity1 , RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.41), @entity174 (four trials, 5698 @entity1 , RR (random effects) 1.13, 95% CI 0.50 to 2.55) or any new @entity174 (eight trials, 18,903 @entity1 , RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.09). @entity560 with @entity460 marginally reduced @entity173 (seven trials, 10,376 @entity1 , RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.96), @entity174 (seven trials, 10,376 @entity1 , RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.97), but there was no evidence of effect of @entity560 with @entity460 on @entity174 . The effect appeared to be restricted to those living in institutional care. Hypercalcaemia was more common when @entity560 or its analogues was given compared with placebo or @entity460 (14 trials, 8035 @entity1 , RR 2.38, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.71). The risk was particularly high with @entity3873 (three trials, 742 @entity1 , RR 14.94, 95% CI 2.95 to 75.61). There was no evidence that @entity560 increased gastro-intestinal symptoms (seven trials, 10,188 @entity1 , RR (random effects) 1.03, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.36) or @entity8 (nine trials, 10,107 @entity1 , RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.87). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Frail older @entity1 confined to institutions may sustain fewer hip and other @entity174 if given @entity560 with @entity460 supplements. Effectiveness of @entity560 alone in @entity174 prevention is unclear. There is no evidence of advantage of analogues of @entity560 compared with @entity560 . @entity3873 may be associated with an increased incidence of adverse effects. Dose, frequency, and route of administration of @entity560 in older @entity1 require further investigation.

title: XXXX and @entity560 analogues for preventing @entity174 associated with involutional and post-menopausal osteoporosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture', 'non-vertebral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol', 'Calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin D']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) has unquestioned benefit to @entity1 with @entity299 . Previous studies indicate health care providers may not adequately treat @entity1 experiencing @entity299 with @entity1281 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of @entity1281 use for @entity1 being treated for @entity662 suggestive of @entity299 in the prehospital setting. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of paramedic encounters identified through billing records for all @entity1 receiving the combination of an intravenous catheter, supplemental @entity26 , and cardiac monitoring from November 2001 to January 2002. Prehospital medical records were reviewed in order to determine the proportion of @entity1 with suspected @entity299 who received @entity1281 . The setting was a single prehospital emergency medical services system serving an urban population. RESULTS: A total of 2,457 paramedic encounters were reviewed over a three-month period. Two hundred thirty-two @entity1 were assessed as having @entity299 , of whom 169 (73%) had no absolute or relative contraindication to @entity1281 . Of the 169 @entity1 , only 92 (54%) received @entity1281 . Of the 99 @entity1 , who received @entity1242 for presumed @entity299 and had no contraindication to receiving @entity1281 , only 78 (79%) received @entity1281 . Of the 453 @entity1 complaining of nontraumatic @entity662 and without a contraindication, 157 (35%) received @entity1281 . CONCLUSIONS: Paramedics do not use @entity1281 optimally and may choose therapies with less proven benefit.

title: Treatment of suspected XXXX with aspirin by paramedics in an urban emergency medical services system.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study analyzes in the experimental model of isolated @entity1 atrial myocardium whether the myocardial contractile @entity308 occurring after high-dose/long-term @entity2922 exposure (as typically occurring in brain-dead organ donors) can be reversed by thyroid hormone administration. METHODS: Isolated trabeculae were prepared from atrial myocardium from @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass (n = 15). Initial measurements of isometric force were carried out (measurement conditions of 37 degrees C, Krebs Henseleit solution, supramaximal electrical stimulation, 1 Hz, at optimal length). Then the trabeculae were incubated for 6 hours at 26 degrees C in a Krebs Henseleit solution containing @entity1425 10(-7) mol/L and the fluorescent dye @entity593 /AM for @entity460 measurements. At the end of the incubation period, isometric force, isotonic shortening, and intracellular @entity460 transient ( @entity593 "ratio method") were measured. After 30 minutes administration of @entity1954 (5 x 10(-9) mol/L), the measurements were repeated. Control groups included 6 hours incubation in 4 degrees C Krebs Henseleit solution (n = 5); 6 hours incubation in 26 degrees C @entity593 /AM (n = 5); and 6 hours incubation in @entity1425 10(-7) mol/L (n = 5). RESULTS: After 6 hours @entity2922 exposure isometric force declined significantly to 56.8% (p < .0001) and isotonic shortening to 54% of its initial value (p < .01). Administration of @entity1954 was associated with a significant recovery of the isotonic shortening amplitude (p < .005), of isometric force development (p < .01), an increased velocity of force development (p < .0001), and of diastolic force decay (p < .005). At the same time the shape of the intracellular @entity460 transient became smaller as a result of an accelerated diastolic decay. The amplitude of the @entity460 transient remained unaltered, whereas the @entity460 time integral was reduced (p < .05). CONCLUSION: In the model of isolated @entity1 myocardium, experimental @entity308 of the contractile performance resulting from long-term @entity2922 exposure could be reversed by a 30-minute @entity1954 incubation. The experimental data showing increased force amplitudes at unaltered amplitudes of the intracellular @entity460 transient and an even-reduced @entity460 time integral provide strong evidence for a sensitization of the contractile apparatus for @entity460 by @entity1954 . The data provide additional knowledge to explain the successful administration of @entity1954 in donor heart management.

title: The effect of @entity1954 on myocardial contractile performance after XXXX exposure: implications for donor heart management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: In a previous study treatment with @entity1214 100 mg orally every day for seven days was as effective for @entity6369 ( @entity6369 ) as 200 mg for seven days or 100 or 200 mg for 21 days. In this prospective, randomised study @entity1 with @entity6369 received @entity803 either 500 mg or 250 mg four times daily for seven days. of 200 @entity1 initially enrolled, @entity11739 was isolated from 40% and @entity12726 from 48%. Eight of 10 homosexual @entity1 compared with 39 (21%) of 190 bisexual or heterosexual @entity1 had negative culture results for both @entity11739 and @entity12726 (x2 = 15.5, P < 0.0005). @entity12726 was isolated more frequently from chlamydia-negative @entity1 and from @entity1 with 10 or fewer sex partners during their lifetime. Both regimens were equally effective in their in-vivo activity against @entity11739 and @entity12726 . Failure rates were similar with the two regimens. More obvious failure with purulent or profuse mucoid discharge and @entity4658 occurred more frequently with the 250-mg regimen (20% of 76 @entity1 on the 250-mg regimen compared with 7% of 67 @entity1 on the 500-mg regimen; x2 = 4.45, P < 0.05). Failure occurred more frequently in @entity1 who were initially chlamydia-negative and in @entity1 in whom @entity12726 persisted after medication. Thus, the 250-mg regimen appeared to be as effective as the 500-mg regimen in the initial treatment of @entity6369 . However, one-third of @entity1 had persistent or recurrent @entity6369 with these regimens, and there is a need for antimicrobial agents with greater in-vivo activity, especially against @entity1047 .

title: XXXX in @entity6369 . Comparison of 2 g and 1 g daily for seven days.

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['nongonococcal urethritis', 'urethritis', 'NGU']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity12726 :: ('2130', 'Species') :: ['Ureaplasma urealyticum', 'U urealyticum']

entities_list: @entity11739 :: ('813', 'Species') :: ['C trachomatis', 'Chlamydia trachomatis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia-negative NGU']

answer: @entity803 :: (MESH:D013752,Chemical) :: ['Tetracycline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity15212 ( @entity15212 ), which is produced and released from enteroendocrine L cells, plays pivotal roles in postprandial glycaemia. The ingestion of @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ), a water-soluble non-digestible saccharide, improves the glycaemic response. In the present study, we examined whether the continuous feeding of @entity3013 to @entity35 affected @entity15212 levels and glycaemic control. Male @entity35 (6 weeks of age) were fed an @entity3147 ( @entity3147 )-93G-based diet containing either cellulose (5  %) as a control, @entity3013 (2  5 or 5  %), or fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS, 2  5 or 5  %) for 7 weeks. During the test period, an intraperitoneal @entity413 tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed after 6 weeks. Fasting @entity15212 levels were significantly higher in the 5  % @entity3013 group than in the control group after 6 weeks. The IPGTT results showed that the glycaemic response was lower in the 5  % @entity3013 group than in the control group. Lower caecal pH, higher caecal tissue and content weights were observed in the @entity3013 and FOS groups. Proglucagon mRNA levels were increased in the caecum and colon of both @entity3013 and FOS groups, whereas caecal @entity15212 content was increased in the 5  % @entity3013 group. In addition, a 1  h @entity3013 exposure induced @entity15212 secretion in an enteroendocrine L-cell model, and single oral administration of @entity3013 increased plasma @entity15212 levels in conscious @entity35 . The present study demonstrates that continuous ingestion of @entity3013 increased @entity15212 secretion and production in normal @entity35 , which could be stimulated by its direct and indirect (enhanced gut fermentation) effects on @entity15212 -producing cells, and contribute to improving @entity413 tolerance.

title: Resistant maltodextrin promotes fasting @entity15212 secretion and production together with XXXX tolerance in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['resistant maltodextrin', 'RMD']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['AIN', 'American Institute of Nutrition']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 @entity1 face several preference-sensitive treatment decisions. Feelings such as regret or having had inadequate information about these decisions can significantly alter @entity1 perceptions of recovery and recurrence. Numerous objective measures of decision quality (e.g., knowledge assessments, values concordance measures) have been developed; there are far fewer measures of subjective decision quality and little consensus regarding how the construct should be assessed. The current study explores the psychometric properties of a new subjective quality decision measure for @entity0 treatment that could be used for other preference sensitive decisions. METHODS: 320 @entity1 aged 20-79 diagnosed with @entity0 were surveyed at two @entity5 specialty centers. Decision quality was assessed with single items representing six dimensions: regret, satisfaction, and fit as well as perceived adequacy of information, time, and involvement. @entity1 rated decision quality for their overall treatment experience and surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation decisions separately. Principle components was used to explore factor structure. After scales were formed, internal consistency was computed using Cronbach's alpha. The association of each of the four final scales with @entity1 characteristics scores was examined by Pearson correlation. RESULTS: For overall @entity0 treatment as well as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation decisions, the six items yielded a single factor solution. Factor loadings of the six decision items were all above .45 across the overall and treatment-specific scales, with the exception of "Right for You" for chemotherapy and radiation. Internal consistency was 0.77, 0.85, 0.82, and 0.78 for the overall, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation decision quality scales, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our measure of subjective appraisal of @entity0 treatment decisions includes 5 related elements; regret and satisfaction as well as perceived adequacy of information, time, and involvement. Future research is needed to establish norms for the measure as is further psychometric testing, particularly to examine how it is associated with outcomes such as quality of life, psychological coping and objective decision quality.

title: Development and psychometric properties of a brief measure of subjective decision quality for XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'AJCC stage 0 - III breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between blood @entity413 levels (mg/dL) and occurrence of symptomatic @entity2553 ( @entity2553 ) and clinical outcomes after @entity510 . DESIGN: Retrospective observational study of 352 @entity1 with @entity510 admitted within 48 hrs of ictus between January 1995 and June 2002. SETTING: Neurointensive care unit. @entity1 : Adult @entity1 admitted after @entity510 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Variables included age; Hunt-Hess classification score; Fisher group; insulin use; infectious disease status; history of @entity6 ; and blood @entity413 values. Poor clinical outcome was defined by a modified Rankin score > or =3, and @entity4854 was defined by a blood @entity413 level >140 mg/dL. Mean daily blood @entity413 values were assessed from admission to development of @entity2553 or day 14. Mean admission blood @entity413 value, mean inpatient blood @entity413 value, insulin use, infectious disease status, Hunt-Hess classification score, Fisher group, and history of @entity6 were entered in a Cox proportional hazards model. @entity2553 occurred in 103 (29.2%) of 352 @entity1 . Mean admission blood @entity413 values (176.6 +/- 40.3 mg/dL vs. 162.3 +/- 47.8 mg/dL; p = .01) and mean inpatient blood @entity413 values (166.2 +/- 24.7 mg/dL vs. 155.8 +/- 29.7 mg/dL; p = .001) were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity2553 . Mean inpatient blood @entity413 value (relative risk, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.03; p = .04), Hunt-Hess classification score > or =3 (relative risk, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-3.99; p = .02), and Fisher group score of 3 (relative risk, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-3.1; p = .05) increased the risk for @entity2553 . @entity4854 was associated with longer length of stay in the neurointensive care unit (14.5 +/- 7.1 days vs. 11.6 +/- 5.4 days; p < .001) and poor outcome at discharge (modified Rankin score > or =3: 58.9% vs. 18.8%; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Mean inpatient blood @entity413 value is associated with the development of @entity2553 and may represent a target for therapy to prevent @entity2553 and improve clinical outcomes.

title: Relationship between @entity4854 and symptomatic @entity2553 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['VSP', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity407 is frequently developed following renal transplantation and results in worsening of the @entity1 's prognosis. In study 1, the effects of immunosuppressants, @entity205 ( @entity870 ) and @entity1140 on serum lipids were compared in- @entity1 undergoing renal transplantation. The study included 32 cases of renal transplantation recipients who randomized to the CsA treatment group (15 @entity1 ) and the @entity1140 group (17 @entity1 ). Before and 1 month after the transplantation, we assessed the serum lipid levels, apolipoprotein levels, the concentrations of @entity165 in the respective lipoprotein fractions and the enzyme activities related to lipid-metabolism. The serum lipid levels in both groups were significantly increased at 1 month after renal transplantation. In the CsA group, there were significant increases in @entity165 contents in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL2 and @entity9477 fractions, whereas, in the @entity1140 group, @entity165 content was increased in VLDL and @entity9477 fractions. In study 2, 1 month after renal transplantation, 19 @entity1 with @entity1007 (total @entity165 (TC) >200 mg/dl) and @entity2298 ( @entity412 (TG) >150 mg/dl) were treated with @entity3413 5-10 mg/day for 6 months. @entity3413 treatment significantly decreased serum TC (240+/-29-200+/-22 mg/dl, P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C; 114+/-20-99+/-17 mg/dl, P<0.05) and TG levels (217+/-103-130+/-38 mg/dl, P<0.01). In addition, there were significant decreases in very-low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (VLDL-C; 53+/-20-34+/-15 mg/dl, P<0.001). The Cmax and AUC of @entity3413 were increased about eight-fold, when @entity3413 was given in combination with CsA. In contrast, no significant changes in @entity3413 levels were observed when combination with @entity1140 . Although @entity3413 levels were increased with CsA, there were no abnormal changes in renal and liver functions, @entity1011 phosphokinase (CPK) levels or in incidence of adverse effects.

title: Changes in lipid metabolism and effect of @entity3413 in renal transplant recipients induced by @entity205 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: The new concept of systolic @entity296 was applied to the study of ejection mechanics in @entity886 . Frame-by-frame analysis of stress (sigma) and volume (V) was performed for two differently loaded beats in 26 @entity1 who underwent simultaneous cineangiography and micromanometry: nine normal subjects, eight with isolated @entity337 ( @entity337 ), and nine with @entity472 ( @entity472 ). Maximum @entity296 (maxEav) was defined as the slope of the end-systolic (es) stress-strain relationship. End-systole was defined as the frame where @entity2693 was maximal, and strain was defined as epsilon = loge (Dm/ @entity13304 ), where Dm is left ventricular midwall diameter and Dom is the theoretical Dm at zero stress. Expressed in terms of cavity volume, epsilon = gamma X loge (V/Vo), where gamma is the geometric factor relating Dm to V during systole. Vo was obtained by extrapolating to sigma es = 0 the function, sigma es = maxEav X gamma X loge (Ves/Vo), which was fit to the end-systolic data. Vo always had a value greater than zero. MaxEav was preserved in the @entity337 group (1575 +/- 565) and increased in the @entity472 group (1877 +/- 544; p = .02) compared with normal (1320 +/- 268), suggesting maintenance of contractile force per unit of myocardium in these two lesions. However, theoretical "unloaded" shortening fraction (SFo) was @entity308 in the @entity472 group (0.30 +/- 0.06; p = .01) compared with normal (0.37 +/- 0.04), preserved in the @entity337 group (0.34 +/- 0.07; p = .24), and inversely related to maxEav (r = -.66, p = .01), suggesting a disparity between shortening potential and force potential.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of @entity886 on systolic @entity2693 of the XXXX left ventricular myocardium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2015 are a heterogeneous group of @entity1200 , characterized by recurrent infections associated with decreased serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA and normal to increased serum levels of IgM. These @entity1 have immunoglobulin class switch recombination defects, caused by mutations in several genes. METHODS: In order to investigate clinical and immunological manifestations of @entity2015 in Iran, 23 Iranian @entity1 with an age range of 5 months to 35 years, who were followed up over a period of 17 years, were studied. Fourteen of the 23 @entity1 were screened for @entity11603 , @entity3224 , UNG, and @entity2936 gene mutations, using polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing. RESULTS: All @entity1 , except one, initially presented with @entity166 ; the most common manifestations were @entity1729 . Six different @entity11603 mutations were identified, five were novel, one splicing ( @entity63125 ), three missense ( @entity63126 , @entity63127 , @entity63128 ), and two frame shift deletions (T29fsX36 and D62fsX79). In addition, one novel @entity3224 mutation ( @entity63129 ) was detected. No mutation was found in six out of 14 analyzed @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity11603 mutations comprise the most common type of immunoglobulin class switch recombination defects. There are several @entity1 with @entity2015 phenotype, in which the underlying @entity74 remain to be identified. Other defects such as those in components of the mismatch repair mechanism could be potential candidates for the latter.

title: Clinical and laboratory findings in hyper-IgM syndrome with novel @entity11603 and XXXX mutations.

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency disorders']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity2015 :: ('MESH:D004406', 'Disease') :: ['Hyper-immunoglobulin M (HIGM) syndromes', 'HIGM']

answer: @entity3224 :: (57379,Gene) :: ['AICDA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recommendations for monitoring levels of transaminases ( @entity493 aminotransferase and @entity492 aminotransferase) and of @entity908 kinase (CK) in @entity1 taking @entity2453 reductase inhibitors (statins) vary and are not based on data from clinical practice. We performed a study to determine the yield of routine screening of aminotransferase and CK levels among @entity1 taking statins. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of a primary care practice's computerized medical record. A computerized search identified all @entity1 with a statin on their medication list and gave their @entity493 aminotransferase, @entity492 aminotransferase, and CK values for 1998. We reviewed the records of all @entity1 for whom these values were significantly or moderately abnormal to determine the values' relationship to statin therapy and outcomes. RESULTS: During the year of the study, 1014 (85%) of the 1194 @entity1 who had a statin on their medication list had at least 1 monitoring test performed. Of these 1014 @entity1 , 10 (1.0%) had a significant elevation and 5 (0.5%) a moderate elevation of transaminase levels, but none of these abnormalities appeared to be related to statin use. Moreover, 6 (0.9%) @entity1 had at least 1 significantly abnormal CK value but it did not appear to be attributable to a statin; and of the 14 (2.1%) @entity1 who had a moderate CK elevation, it was potentially due to a statin in only 2. There were no documented adverse sequelae associated with these abnormal results. CONCLUSIONS: In this study of statin use in a primary care practice, routine monitoring revealed no cases of significantly or moderately abnormal transaminase values attributable to statins. No significantly abnormal and only 2 moderately abnormal CK values were potentially attributable to statin use. This study questions the usefulness of routine measurement of transaminase and CK levels in all @entity1 taking statins.

title: Screening for statin-related toxicity: the yield of transaminase and XXXX kinase measurements in a primary care setting.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare vitrification and @entity1877 -supplemented @entity1372 -depleted slow freezing of @entity19 oocytes. DESIGN: Animal study. SETTING: University-affiliated hospital. ANIMAL(S): @entity2659 @entity19 . INTERVENTION(S): Oocyte cryopreservation by vitrification or @entity1877 -supplemented @entity1372 -depleted slow freezing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Survival rate, fertilization and embryonic development in vitro, meiotic spindle and chromosome configuration, and @entity2007 screening after parthenogenetic activation. RESULT(S): A total of 564 oocytes were vitrified, and 791 oocytes were cryopreserved using the slow freezing. The survival rates were 91.8% (518/564) and 73.3% (579/791), respectively. After IVF, the cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of vitrified oocytes were significantly higher than those of slow-frozen oocytes (63.6% vs. 39.9% and 30.50% vs. 20.2%, respectively). Vitrified oocytes were more likely than slow-frozen oocytes to maintain normal meiotic spindles and chromosome alignment (86.9% vs. 70.1%). However, the incidence of @entity2007 was similar in vitrified oocytes and slow-frozen oocytes (9.30% vs. 8.7%). CONCLUSION(S): Vitrification is superior to @entity1877 -supplemented @entity1372 -depleted slow freezing, leading to improved survival, fertilization, and embryonic development in vitro. Analysis of meiotic spindle integrity and chromosome alignment indicates that less damage was detected in vitrified oocytes. However, the incidence of @entity2007 is similar in both vitrified and slow-frozen oocytes.

title: Effect of @entity1877 -supplemented XXXX -depleted slow freezing versus vitrification on @entity19 oocyte meiotic spindles and chromosome abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']