abstract: OBJECTIVE: There have been reports that @entity1 with @entity161 have decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex during emotion processing. However, findings have been confounded by sample nonspecificity and explicit cognitive task interference with emotion processing. We aimed to further investigate this by examining the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activation in response to the passive viewing of sad film excerpts. METHODS: We presented film excerpts depicting sad and neutral social situations to 25 @entity161 @entity1 (14 with @entity1316 [BA+] and 11 without @entity1316 [BA-]) in an implicit perception task to evoke prefronto-limbic activity illustrated by blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: A random-effects analysis (2-sample t test) using statistical parametric mapping indicated that BA+ @entity1 differed from BA- @entity1 at a 0.05 level (P corrected for multiple comparisons). Consistent with our a priori hypothesis, BA- @entity1 (relative to BA+ @entity1 ) showed significant activation in the right VLPFC. An exploratory analysis revealed the following loci of activation: caudate nucleus, VLPFC, middle prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior temporal pole in the BA- group; and hippocampus, cerebellum, anterior temporal pole, and midbrain in the BA+ group. CONCLUSIONS: We observed not only hypofrontality in the BA+ group but also dysfunctional circuitry distributed throughout the brain. The temporal and midbrain activation seen in the BA+ group may indicate that these brain regions were working harder to compensate for inactivation in other regions. These distributed dysfunctional circuits may form the neural basis of @entity1316 through @entity73 processing in the brain that prevents it from processing input efficiently and producing output effectively, thereby leading to symptoms such as @entity1316 .

title: Neural correlates of sad feelings in XXXX with and without @entity1316 .

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['blunted affect']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of emotion']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5042 is a significant sequel of restorative proctocolectomy. This study was undertaken to document the incidence of @entity5042 at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and to assess outcome of treatment with @entity868 . METHODS: @entity1 who developed @entity5042 following restorative proctocolectomy for @entity31 form the basis of this study. @entity5042 was suspected if @entity1 developed @entity294 with or without blood, mucus or pus. Diagnosis was confirmed with pouch endoscopy and biopsy. RESULTS: From 1990 to 1999 (10 years) 139 @entity1 underwent restorative proctocolectomy and ileo-anal pouch anastomosis (135 J pouches and 4 W pouches). Their median age was 35 years (range 13-74). There were 68 females and 71 males. The indication for operation was failed medical treatment in 104 @entity1 and toxic megacolon in 35. Forty-seven @entity1 (34%) developed @entity5042 (21 females and 26 males). Symptoms were @entity294 (35), @entity294 , mucus and pus (5) and @entity294 and blood (7). Symptoms of @entity5042 started at an average of 33.51 + 29.2 months (range 2-102, median 18). All @entity1 were treated with @entity868 for a minimum of one month. Thirty-six @entity1 (77%) resolved on @entity868 alone. Nine @entity1 (19%) went on to develop chronicity and were managed by long-term @entity868 (and/or @entity2177 ). A further 2 @entity1 (4%) had treatment resistant @entity5042 and required pouch excision. CONCLUSION: @entity5042 is common following restorative proctocolectomy for @entity31 . Treatment with @entity868 is associated with improvement in the majority of cases. In @entity1 with chronic @entity5042 maintenance of remission is possible with antibiotics. A high index of suspicion is advocated in @entity1 who develop severe @entity294 following this procedure.

title: XXXX following restorative proctocolectomy for @entity31 : incidence and therapeutic outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['Pouchitis', 'pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

answer: @entity5042 :: (MESH:D019449,Disease) :: ['Pouchitis']


abstract: @entity3252 , caused by @entity3204 , is the major @entity4801 affecting @entity742 . Infection not only results in significant reproductive losses in these animals, but has public health implications since consumption of infected meat can facilitate zoonotic transmission. Although several serological tests are currently used for diagnosis of ovine @entity3252 , production of reliable reagents is a constraint and therefore there is a need to develop new diagnostic tools. In this paper, we assess for the first time, the preliminary diagnostic utility of 19 T. gondii recombinant antigens (GRA1, GRA2ex2, GRA4, GRA5, GRA6, GRA9, SAG1, SAG4, BSR4, P22, ROP1, P36, MIC1ex2, MIC1ex34, MIC3, MAG1, BAG1, LDH1, and LDH2) in immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (IgG ELISAs). Following an initial evaluation, eight recombinant antigens (GRA1, GRA9, SAG1, SAG4, P22, MIC1ex2, MIC3, ROP1) were chosen for subsequent testing and comparison against the native @entity3204 lysate antigen (TLA) in IgG ELISAs using 88 sera from naturally infected @entity742 and 20 sera from healthy animals. The reactivity of these antigens was variable with the best results for GRA1, P22, ROP1 and TLA. High sensitivity and specificity (100%) was noted for GRA1, ROP1 and TLA; P22 showed a slightly lower sensitivity (98.9%) but the same high specificity (100%). Four different combinations of these antigens (M1: GRA1+ROP1; M2: GRA1+P22; M3: P22+ROP1; M4: GRA1+P22+ROP1) were tested against the same pool of ovine sera; all IgG-positive serum samples were detected by all of the mixtures. However, the most effective for diagnosis of @entity3252 in @entity742 , based on the highest absorbance values, was the mixture M4 containing three proteins. High sensitivity and specificity (100%) was observed from tests containing either M4 or TLA antigens with a new pool of sera (93 seropositive and 35 seronegative). Thus, the present study shows that a cocktail of GRA1+P22+ROP1 recombinant proteins can be used to diagnose @entity3204 infection in @entity742 , and consequently will assist in epidemiological studies.

title: The optimal mixture of @entity3204 gondii recombinant antigens (GRA1, P22, ROP1) for diagnosis of ovine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis', 'Toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma', 'T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['toxoplasmosis']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity259 must be treated considering on the biological behaviour of the @entity5 . It has been noted that @entity1377 grow @entity189 very rapidly. Postoperative recurrence rate of differentiated @entity189 was calculated on 390 @entity1 who were followed for over 10 years after various operative procedures. The recurrence rate was closely related to the @entity5 size rather than operative procedure and was about 10% in @entity189 below 2 cm in diameter for which enucleation or partial thyroidectomy was carried out. Recurrence rate in the remnant thyroid was higher in the group of enucleation and partial thyroidectomy than in the groups of lobectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy. Recurrence in lymph node was found more frequently in the groups of more extended dissection. Operative procedures performed in 97 @entity1 who had recurrence were total removal of the remnant thyroid, extended dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes and combined removal with the @entity825 and vessels. From these experiences, a criterion of initial operation for @entity259 was accomplished. Prophylactic dissection was attempted in recent 193 @entity1 with differentiated @entity189 , and revealed a high frequency of lymph node @entity3 , that was 70%. Radiotherapy with 131I was carried out in 21 @entity1 , and regression of metastatic foci was observed in all @entity1 with @entity189 and a half with @entity1377 . For @entity189 , multidisciplinary treatment was attempted, but no satisfactory effects were obtained.

title: [Recent advances in surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary and follicular carcinomas', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'anaplastic carcinoma', 'very slowly while anaplastic carcinoma', 'follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: An automated on-line SPE and innovative fast polarity switch bioanalysis method employing dual-gradient liquid chromatography (DGLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (DGLC-MS/MS) was established and validated for the simultaneous determination of @entity28233 , @entity19316 and @entity38314 in @entity35 plasma after administration of Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Angelica sinensis extract or monomer. The proteins in plasma samples were precipitated using @entity1626 : @entity1042 (1:1, v/v). @entity207 was used as an internal standard. The DGLC system contains two high-pressure pumps. The first pump was used for on-line solid phase extraction with a Cyclone    SPE column. Chromatographic separations were performed with the other pump on a Syncronis C18 rapid analytical column. The analytical column was eluted by a gradient program that featured an @entity1626 / @entity1042 /water gradient (flow-rate, 0.4ml/min). DGLC afforded greater convenience for bioanalysis. All analytes were simultaneously monitored in positive- and negative-ion mode by SRM (selective reaction monitoring) using the fast polarity switch speed of TSQ Vantage   . Method validation of the assay was implemented. No significant matrix effect was observed. The LLOQ of all analytes were <1.0ng/ml. The precision, recovery and linearity of the analysis met the pre-established requirements. The method was applied to the pharmacokinetics of @entity28233 , @entity19316 and @entity38314 in Rhizoma Chuanxiong or Angelica sinensis extracts or monomers.

title: An automated dual-gradient liquid chromatography-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of @entity28233 , @entity19316 and @entity38314 in XXXX plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.

entities_list: @entity28233 :: ('MESH:C004999', 'Chemical') :: ['ferulic acid']

entities_list: @entity19316 :: ('MESH:C017953', 'Chemical') :: ['ligustrazine']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity38314 :: ('MESH:C027820', 'Chemical') :: ['ligustilide']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfamethoxazole']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is an aggressive @entity5 . The development of new treatment modalities in order to improve long-term survival of @entity1 with @entity213 is imperative. Numerous studies have demonstrated that @entity105 and @entity5 cell dissemination is influenced by the @entity5 microenvironment. The protein-kinase-receptors (PTKs) are essential elements of the intracellular signal transduction pathway and regulate cell growth, development and apoptosis. Cell proliferation, migration, induction of @entity5 vascularization and @entity105 , invasion is regulated by a variety of angiogenic factors, such as PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and their respective @entity669 kinase receptors (PDGF-R and @entity7 -R). They present promising targets for anti- @entity5 therapy through abrogation of impaired signaling pathways. Indeed, @entity2213 , a small molecule drug targeting these protein kinases, has antiproliferative effects in several @entity5 types. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential synergism of @entity2213 and @entity3003 on the expression of PDGF, PDGF-R a/   and @entity7 in different @entity213 cell lines. Several @entity5 cell lines were subjected to increasing concentrations of @entity3003 (3 and 7.5   mol/l) and @entity2213 (18 and 30   mol/l) and ELISA, immunohistochemical methods and RQ-PRC after 48, 72, 120 and 240 h were used to assess their expression levels. While @entity675 /   expression was unimpaired at lower @entity2213 concentrations (18   mol/l), @entity675 /   expression was suppressed at 30   mol/l, and suppression was enhanced by the presence of @entity3003 . By RQ-PCR, a significant reduction of @entity675 /   expression was detected (p<0.5). We observed explicit significant reduction in @entity7 levels with increasing concentrations of @entity2213 and with the combination of the two chemotherapeutic drugs (p<0.5). We report for the first time evidence of synergism of @entity2213 and @entity3003 in suppressing @entity7 , PDGF and @entity675 /   expression in @entity213 .

title: Synergistic effects of @entity2213 and @entity3003 on XXXX , PDGF and @entity675 /   expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial malignancy', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The low @entity26 environment during air travel may result in @entity519 in @entity1 with @entity1576 . However, little information exists on the @entity26 requirements of @entity1 with @entity1576 planning to @entity238 . A study was undertaken to identify the clinical factors predictive of an in-flight @entity26 requirement from a retrospective review of @entity519 challenge tests (inhalation of 14-15% @entity26 for 20 minutes) in @entity1 referred for @entity410 to @entity238 assessment. METHODS: Data from 47 @entity1 (median corrected age 1.4 months) with a history of @entity358 but not receiving supplemental @entity26 at the time of @entity519 testing are reported. The neonatal and current clinical information of the @entity1 were analysed in terms of their ability to predict the @entity519 test results. RESULTS: Thirty eight @entity1 (81%) desaturated below 85% and warranted prescription of supplemental in-flight @entity26 . Baseline @entity26 saturation was >95% in all @entity1 . Age at the time of the @entity519 test, either postmenstrual or corrected, significantly predicted the outcome of the @entity519 test (odds ratio 0.82; 95% confidence intervals 0.62 to 0.95; p = 0.005). @entity1 passing the @entity519 test were significantly older than those requiring in-flight @entity26 (median corrected age (10-90th centiles) 12.7 (3.0-43.4) v 0 (-0.9-10.9) months; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of ex-preterm @entity1 not currently requiring supplemental @entity26 referred for @entity410 -to- @entity238 assessment and less than 12 months corrected age are at a high risk of requiring in-flight @entity26 . Referral of this @entity1 group for @entity410 to @entity238 assessment including a @entity519 test may be indicated.

title: Pre-flight testing of preterm XXXX with @entity358 : a retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: The objective of the investigation was to isolate anaerobic micro-organisms which had the ability to utilize inorganic @entity3151 in forms other than @entity1391 . The first part of this investigation was to isolate from Cape Canaveral soil micro-organisms capable of utilizing @entity62425 as their @entity3151 source under anaerobic conditions. In an attempt to demonstrate this ability, a medium was prepared which contained @entity62426 as the @entity3151 source. This was inoculated with soil samples, and growth was subcultured at least four times. To verify that these isolates could use @entity62426 , they were inoculated into defined @entity62426 medium, and samples were removed periodically and killed with @entity406 . Growth was determined by turbidity measurements and the sample was then filtered. The filtrate was separated by chromatography and the total amounts of @entity62426 , @entity1391 and @entity1391 in the filtrate were measured. By this procedure it appeared that the @entity62426 level began decreasing after 14 hr of incubation suggesting utilization of the @entity62426 under anaerobic conditions. The third part of this investigation used labeled (32P) @entity62426 in a defined medium; the cells were then lysed and the metabolic compounds separated by the use of paper chromatography and autoradiograms, demonstrating the presence of 32P in intermediate metabolic compounds. Similar investigations are now being performed with @entity29281 as the @entity3151 source.

title: Anaerobic utilization of XXXX / @entity29281 as a sole source of @entity3151 : implication to growth in the Jovian environment.

entities_list: @entity62426 :: ('CHEBI:24759', 'Chemical') :: ['hypophosphite']

entities_list: @entity62425 :: ('CHEBI:45064', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphite']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity29281 :: ('MESH:C044646', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity62425 :: (CHEBI:45064,Chemical) :: ['phosphite']


abstract: The resonant recognition model is used to predict structurally and functionally important @entity535 residues (so-called hot spots) in the @entity7766 ( @entity7766 ) family. Thirty-three polypeptides belong to this family. All of them consist of 36 @entity1522 . The model predicts that residues 10 and 28 in the polypeptides are hot spots. In the 33 polypeptides, most of the @entity1522 at residue 10 are acidic @entity1522 , @entity367 and @entity2574 . Other minor @entity1522 , @entity563 , @entity2228 , and @entity1521 , have high probabilities of beta-turn occurrence. @entity1522 at residue 28 are all branched hydrophobic @entity1522 , @entity6778 , @entity368 , and @entity4857 . The profile for predicting hot spots indicates repeating patterns of residues 1-18 and residues 19-36. Absolute values at residue i and residue i + 18 are the same, but these residues have opposite signs. Therefore the model of the @entity7766 family predicts hot spots concerning a combination of residue i and residue i + 18.

title: Resonant recognition model of @entity7766 family: hot spot XXXX distribution in the sequences.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acids', 'amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Surgical resection is the standard treatment for @entity1149 , but recurrence rates approach 60%. This study compared mutational changes in involved lymph nodes and @entity5 from @entity1 with @entity1149 to determine whether risk factors for recurrence could be identified. METHODS: Forty @entity1 with resected @entity1149 (excluding T3 N0 disease) were studied. Microdissection was performed on @entity5 and lymph nodes. Analysis was performed across 9 genomic loci by using polymerase chain reaction amplification. The ratio of fractional allelic loss between involved lymph nodes and @entity5 was used to stratify @entity1 into high-risk (fractional allelic loss ratio of >or=1) and low-risk (fractional allelic loss ratio of <1) groups. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 68 years (range, 42-85 years). Median follow-up was 30 months. Fractional allelic loss was greater in @entity1 with @entity957 compared with that in @entity420 , but survival was similar (35 vs 39 months). The median survival was 35 months in high-risk @entity1 and was not reached in low-risk @entity1 (P =.3). Disease-free survival was 24 months in high-risk @entity1 and was not reached in low-risk @entity1 (P =.35). In the subset with @entity420 (n = 18), median survival was 24 months in the high-risk group; no deaths occurred in low-risk @entity1 (P =.01). Also, disease-free survival was 14 months in high-risk @entity1 and was not reached in the low-risk @entity1 (P =.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 demonstrate greater mutational changes than @entity420 ; this does not affect outcome. The @entity1 with low-risk @entity420 demonstrated superior outcomes compared with those of other @entity1 . These results should be confirmed in larger studies.

title: Comparison of mutational changes in involved N1 lymph nodes with those in XXXX in @entity1149 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'Squamous cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['stage II non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['primary tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Muscle wasting is common in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and worsens functional status. Protein catabolism is characteristic of @entity2057 and contributes to @entity400 ( @entity400 ). @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) is linked to @entity400 in healthy individuals. We aimed to evaluate (1) whether @entity400 is elevated in @entity1 with @entity712 with @entity2057 , and (2) whether basal @entity5445 levels are linked to @entity400 in @entity712 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Ambulatory @entity1 with @entity712 were recruited at the Charit   Medical School, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany. @entity1 : A total of 166 @entity1 with @entity712 and 27 healthy controls participating in the Studies Investigating Co-morbidities Aggravating @entity712 (SICA- @entity712 ) were enrolled. @entity5445 was measured in 55 of these @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Muscle wasting was defined as appendicular lean mass of at least 2 SDs below values of a healthy young reference group. @entity400 was measured by indirect calorimetry. @entity5445 was assessed by ELISA. RESULTS: Thirty-four of 166 @entity1 (mean age 67.4    10.2 years, 77.7% male, New York Heart Association class 2.3    0.6) presented with @entity2057 . @entity400 in controls and @entity1 with @entity2057 was significantly lower than in @entity1 without @entity2057 (1579    289 and 1532    265 vs 1748    359 kcal/d, P  = .018 and P  = .001, respectively). @entity400 normalized for fat-free mass (FFM) using the ratio method ( @entity400 /FFM) and analysis of covariance was not different (P  = .23 and .71, respectively). @entity5445 did not significantly correlate with @entity400 (P  = .49), even not after controlling for FFM using multivariable regression (P  = .15). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in @entity400 are attributable to lower FFM. @entity5445 does not relate to @entity400 in @entity1 with @entity712 , possibly because of @entity712 -related effects on @entity400 .

title: Resting energy expenditure and the effects of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity712 : results from the Studies Investigating Comorbidities Aggravating @entity712 (SICA- @entity712 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'chronic heart failure', 'Heart Failure']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['resting energy expenditure', 'REE']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagonlike peptide 1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['muscle wasting']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A technique using pulsed High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) to destroy deep-seated @entity5 is a promising noninvasive therapeutic approach. A main purpose of this study was to design and test a HIFU transducer suitable for preclinical studies of efficacy of tested, anti- @entity5 drugs, activated by HIFU beams, in the treatment of a variety of @entity5 implanted to various organs of small animals at the depth of the order of 1-2cm under the skin. To allow focusing of the beam, generated by such transducer, within treated tissue at different depths, a spherical, 2-MHz, 29-mm diameter annular phased array transducer was designed and built. To prove its potential for preclinical studies on small animals, multiple thermal lesions were induced in a pork loin ex vivo by heating beams of the same: 6W, or 12W, or 18W acoustic power and 25mm, 30mm, and 35mm focal lengths. Time delay for each annulus was controlled electronically to provide beam focusing within tissue at the depths of 10mm, 15mm, and 20mm. The exposure time required to induce @entity39 was determined at different depths using thermocouples. Location and extent of thermal lesions determined from numerical simulations were compared with those measured using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging techniques and verified by a digital caliper after cutting the tested tissue samples. Quantitative analysis of the results showed that the location and extent of @entity39 on the magnetic resonance images are consistent with those predicted numerically and measured by caliper. The edges of lesions were clearly outlined although on ultrasound images they were fuzzy. This allows to conclude that the use of the transducer designed offers an effective noninvasive tool not only to induce @entity39 within treated tissue without damaging the surrounding tissue structures but also to test various chemotherapeutics activated by the HIFU beams in preclinical studies on small animals.

title: Annular phased array transducer for preclinical testing of anti- XXXX drug efficacy on small animals.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['local necrosis', 'necrotic lesions', 'local necrotic lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cryotherapy-induced @entity46117 is a rarely described cutaneous reaction that may occur in @entity1 who have received cryotherapy with liquid @entity1568 . Cryotherapy-induced @entity46117 is characterized by 1-2 millimeter white dermal cysts that develop at the healed cryotherapy site. @entity46117 en plaque, an @entity527 containing numerous @entity46117 , has not previously been described following treatment of a @entity272 with liquid @entity1568 cryotherapy. PURPOSE: We describe a @entity1 who developed cryotherapy-induced @entity20956 after receiving cryotherapy to his dorsal hand for the treatment of an @entity2517 . We also summarize the potential complications of cryotherapy, the differential diagnosis of @entity20956 , and therapeutic interventions for this lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The features of a @entity1 with cryotherapy-induced @entity20956 are presented. Using PubMed, the following terms were searched and relevant citations assessed: cryosurgery, cryotherapy, @entity2332 , @entity46117 , @entity20956 , and Wolf's isotopic response. In addition, the literature on cryotherapy-induced @entity46117 and cryotherapy-induced @entity20956 is reviewed. RESULTS: Our @entity1 developed cryotherapy-induced @entity20956 shortly after his cryotherapy site had healed. Some of the asymptomatic cystic dermal lesions had spontaneously resolved when a lesional biopsy was performed to confirm the diagnosis. The diagnosis, natural course, and potential treatments were discussed with the @entity1 . Subsequent management was to observe the area; at follow-up examination, the remainder of the @entity46117 had also spontaneously resolved. CONCLUSION: Cryotherapy-induced @entity46117 is a benign condition characterized by the development of small white dermal @entity5409 that develop at a healed liquid @entity1568 cryotherapy site. The lesions may appear individually or as @entity20956 . While the mechanism of pathogenesis is unknown, we postulate that the condition is an example of Wolf's isotopic response, in which a new, unrelated @entity272 develops at the site of a previously healed dermatosis - in this circumstance, following cryotherapy which created an immune compromised zone. The diagnosis of @entity20956 can usually be established by clinical presentation; if necessary, a biopsy can be performed to provide pathologic confirmation of the suspected diagnosis. Treatment options include manual extraction, topical @entity4878 , or observation. Similar to our @entity1 , the @entity46117 may resolve spontaneously.

title: Cryotherapy-induced XXXX : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous plaque']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity2517 :: ('MESH:D055623', 'Disease') :: ['actinic keratosis']

entities_list: @entity20956 :: ('MESH:D010267', 'Disease') :: ['milia en plaque']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease', 'skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity20956 :: (MESH:D010267,Disease) :: ['milia en plaque']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the role of microRNA's (miRNA's) biogenesis pathway genes in @entity5 development and progression has been well established, the association between genetic variants of this pathway genes and @entity0 survival is still unknown. METHODS: We used genotype data available from a previously conducted case-control study to investigate association between common genetic variations in miRNA biogenesis pathway genes and @entity0 survival. We investigated the possible associations between 41 germ-line single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and both disease free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) among 488 @entity0 @entity1 . During the median follow-up of 6.24   years, 90 cases developed disease progression and 48 cases died. RESULTS: Seven SNPs were significantly associated with @entity0 survival. Two SNPs in @entity2037 ( @entity60715 and @entity60716 ) and @entity8306 @entity59095 were associated with both DFS and @entity1349 . Two SNPs in @entity15660 ( @entity60717 and @entity60718 ) and @entity29206 @entity60719 were associated with DFS, while @entity10404 @entity60720 and @entity58556 @entity60721 were associated with only @entity1349 . The most significant association was observed in variant allele of @entity2037 @entity60715 with 2.62-fold increased risk of disease progression (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.41-4.88) and in minor allele homozygote of @entity2037 @entity60716 with 2.94-fold increased risk of @entity204 (95% CI, 1.52-5.69). We also found cumulative effects of SNPs on DFS and @entity1349 . Compared to the subjects carrying 0 to 2 high-risk genotypes, those carrying 3 or 4-6 high-risk genotypes had an increased risk of disease progression with a hazard ratio of 2.16 (95% CI, 1.18- 3.93) and 4.47 (95% CI, 2.45- 8.14), respectively (P for trend, 6.11E-07). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that genetic variants in miRNA biogenesis pathway genes may be associated with @entity0 survival. Further studies in larger sample size and functional characterizations are warranted to validate these results.

title: Common genetic polymorphisms of microRNA biogenesis pathway genes and XXXX survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity16959 , a lipophilic beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, was investigated in various @entity410 models of @entity302 . In the @entity410 threshold test, @entity16959 (> or =4 mg/kg i.p.) increased the electroconvulsive threshold for tonic @entity410 in @entity19 . In the traditional @entity410 ( @entity410 ) test in @entity19 , ED50 values of 11 mg/kg i.p. or s.c. were determined. In both models, the beta2-receptor antagonist @entity10342 did not antagonize the anticonvulsant activity of @entity16959 . Combinations of @entity16959 with standard antiepileptics revealed additive anticonvulsant effects. Repeated administration of @entity16959 (5 mg/kg s.c., twice daily for 14 days) to @entity19 did not significantly influence its anticonvulsant potency or the effectiveness of @entity109 in the @entity410 test. In various chemically-induced @entity410 tests with tonic @entity410 , @entity16959 inhibited or tended to suppress the tonic phase. However, this drug was not effective in preventing @entity410 in the @entity5093 (85 mg/kg s.c.) @entity410 threshold test. In the @entity2055 test ( @entity19 ), a minimal "neurotoxic" dose (TD50) of 41 mg/kg i.p. was determined. In unrestrained @entity35 with chronically implanted electrodes in the dorsal hippocampus, @entity16959 (2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced the duration of electrically evoked hippocampal afterdischarges. In amygdala-kindled @entity35 , @entity16959 (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the @entity410 severity to stage 3. Additional studies indicated that @entity16959 (6 mg/kg i.p.) increased the heart rate and decreased the blood pressure, but this drug did not alter the plasma level of the two tested antiepileptics @entity109 and @entity2049 . Furthermore, in whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments on cultured neonatal @entity35 cardiomyocytes, @entity16959 (1-100 microM) depressed the fast @entity1372 current in a concentration- and frequency-dependent manner. In conclusion, the anticonvulsant effects of higher doses of @entity16959 against generalized @entity410 seem to be related to the inhibition of voltage-dependent @entity1372 channels and not to the modulation of beta-adrenoceptors.

title: Anticonvulsant and XXXX channel blocking activity of higher doses of @entity16959 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'clonic seizures', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic and complex partial seizures', 'convulsions', 'maximal electroshock seizure', 'MES']

entities_list: @entity16959 :: ('MESH:D002976', 'Chemical') :: ['Clenbuterol', 'clenbuterol']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['experimental epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazol']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['rotarod ataxia']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of warm acupuncture (moxa-heated acupuncture) needle stimulation of Waiguan ( @entity18476 ) acupoint in the treatment of @entity6865 (phase I) in @entity1 with @entity64 . METHODS: Sixty @entity64 @entity1 with @entity6865 (phase I ) were equally randomized into control group and warm acupuncture group. @entity1 of the warm acupuncture group were treated by warm acupuncture stimulation of the affected @entity18476 in combination with routine acupuncture stimulation of Jianyu (LI 15), Jianjing (GB 21), Quchi (LI 11), Wangu (SI 4), Yangchi (TE 4) and Hegu ( @entity9154 ), and rehabilitation training (passive and active upper-limb motion exercise for 30 min, once daily), and @entity1 of the control group treated with routine acupuncture stimulation of the same acupoints mentioned above, and rehabilitation training. The treatment was conducted once daily, 5 times per week for two weeks. The @entity1 ' clinical conditions were evaluated by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0-10 points, shoulder @entity158 degree), @entity4 severity score (0 point:normal, 2 points: mild, 4 points: moderate, and 6 points: severe) and simplified Fugl-Meyer motor assessment scale (0, 1 and 2 points, upper-limb motor function) before and after the treatment. RESULTS: After the treatment, the scores of VAS and @entity4 severity of the two groups were significantly decreased in comparison with pre-treatment in the same one group (P < 0.01), and the Fugl-Meyer motor scores were considerably increased (P < 0.01), suggesting an improvement of the @entity6865 after two weeks' treatment. Of the two 30 @entity1 in the control group and warm acupuncture group, 0 and 2 (6.7%) were cured, 7 (23.3%) and 25 (83.3%) experienced marked improvement, 17 (56.7%) and 2 (6.7%) were effective, 6 (20. 0%) and 1 (3.3%) invalid, with the effective rates being 80.0% and 96.7%, respectively. The effect of warm acupuncture group was superior to that of the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Warm acupuncture combined with routine acupuncture and rehabilitation training is effective in improving shoulder @entity158 , hand @entity4 and limb motor function in @entity64 @entity1 with @entity6865 at phase I.

title: [Effect of warm acupuncture stimulation of Waiguan ( XXXX ) on post- @entity64 @entity6865 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder-hand syndrome']

answer: @entity18476 :: (MESH:C078291,Chemical) :: ['TE 5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that @entity1 glucocorticoid-induced @entity5 necrosis factor receptor ( @entity28267 /TR11) expressed on the surface of activated @entity404 (+) T cells is responsible for up-regulating the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). METHODS: The level of @entity1550 was measured by Western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Expressions of @entity28266 ( @entity28266 ) on the surface of FLSs and @entity28267 on the surface of @entity1 @entity404 (+) T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Neutralizing antibodies (Abs) were used to block @entity28266 and @entity28267 on the surface of FLSs and @entity1 @entity404 (+) T cells, respectively. @entity1 @entity404 (+) T cells were cocultured with FLSs to facilitate interaction between @entity28267 on @entity404 (+) T cells and @entity28266 on FLSs. RESULTS: Soluble @entity28267 (shGITR) stimulated FLSs to produce @entity1550 , and blockade of @entity28266 reduced this effect. Direct contact between activated @entity404 (+) T and FLSs also induced the production of @entity1550 , and neutralization of @entity28267 on activated @entity404 (+) T cells during coculture decreased the amount of @entity1550 produced by FLSs. CONCLUSION: shGITR stimulated FLSs to produce @entity1550 via a signal through @entity28266 . Direct contact between activated @entity404 (+) T cells and FLSs facilitated @entity28267 - @entity28266 interaction, and resulted in inducing @entity1550 . This effect may increase tissue destruction in @entity32 such as @entity309 ( @entity309 ).

title: Induction of XXXX expression by soluble @entity1 glucocorticoid-induced @entity5 necrosis factor receptor in fibroblast-like synovial cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1550 :: (4322,Gene) :: ['MMP-13']


abstract: While @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) is an infamous carcinogen, it is also an effective chemotherapeutic agent for @entity2799 and some solid @entity5 . In @entity1 @entity957 A431 cells, we found that @entity9188 induced cell death in time- and dose-dependent manners. Similarly, dependent regulation of the @entity994 ( @entity994 ) promoter, mRNA synthesis, and resultant protein expression was also observed. Additionally, transfection of a small interfering RNA of @entity994 could block the @entity9188 -induced cell growth arrest. The @entity9188 -induced @entity994 activation was attenuated by inhibitors of @entity470 and @entity8047 in a dose-dependent manner. Using a reporter assay, we demonstrated the involvement of the @entity470 -Ras-Raf- @entity1366 pathway in the promoter activation. In contrast, @entity4675 inhibitor enhanced the @entity9188 -induced @entity994 activation, also in a dose-dependent fashion. Over-expression of a dominant negative @entity4675 plasmid likewise also enhanced this activation. Furthermore, @entity8047 inhibitor attenuated the anti- @entity5 effect of @entity9188 . In contrast, in combination with @entity4675 inhibitor and @entity9188 enhanced cellular @entity137 . Therefore, we conclude that in A431 cells the @entity1366 and @entity4675 pathways might differentially contribute to @entity9188 -induced @entity994 expression and then due to cellular @entity137 .

title: Opposite effect of @entity1366 and @entity4675 on p53-independent @entity994 activation involved in the XXXX -induced @entity1 @entity957 A431 cellular @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

answer: @entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['arsenic trioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 experiencing @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) have multiple health and social service needs but many, especially Hispanic, @entity1 may not access these resources. This research sought to examine the relationship between @entity1004 and health and social services utilization (help-seeking behaviors), with a focus on racial and ethnic disparities. DESIGN: Case-control study from an urban US emergency department population in which cases ( @entity1 with @entity1004 ) and controls ( @entity1 without @entity1004 ) were frequency matched by age group and race/ethnicity. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between @entity1004 and help-seeking behaviors and between help-seeking behaviors and race/ethnicity among abused @entity1 . In addition, a stratified analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between acculturation and help-seeking behaviors among Hispanic @entity1 . RESULTS: The sample included 182 cases and 147 controls. Among the health services, @entity167 program, emergency department, and hospital utilization were significantly increased among @entity1004 victims compared to non-victims after taking demographic and substance use factors into account. Similarly, @entity1004 victims were more likely to access social/case worker services and housing assistance compared to non-victims. Specific help-seeking behaviors were significantly associated with race and ethnicity among @entity1004 victims, with @entity62 @entity1 more likely to use housing assistance and emergency department services and black @entity1 more likely to use police assistance compared to Hispanic @entity1 . Among all Hispanic @entity1 , low acculturation was associated with decreased utilization of social services overall and with any healthcare utilization, particularly among abused @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Social service and healthcare workers should be alerted to and screen for @entity1004 among all clients. The need for increased outreach and accessibility of services for abused @entity1 in Hispanic communities in the USA should be addressed, with cultural and language relevance a key component of these efforts.

title: The role of XXXX , race, and ethnicity in help-seeking behaviors.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['IPV', 'intimate partner violence']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic white and black']

answer: @entity1004 :: (MESH:C563733,Disease) :: ['intimate partner violence']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: PCR primers targeting genes encoding the two proteins of anammox bacteria, @entity7783 synthase and @entity4674 biogenesis protein, were designed and tested in this study. Three different ecotypes of samples, namely ocean sediments, coastal wetland sediments, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) samples, were used to assess the primer efficiency and the community structures of anammox bacteria retrieved by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the functional genes. Abundances of hzsB gene of anammox bacteria in South China Sea (SCS) samples were significantly correlated with 16S rRNA gene by qPCR method. And hzsB and hzsC gene primer pair hzsB364f-hzsB640r and hzsC745f-hzsC862r in combination with anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene primers were recommended for quantifying anammox bacteria. Congruent with 16S rRNA gene-based community study, functional gene hzsB could also delineate the coastal-ocean distributing pattern, and seawater depth was positively associated with the diversity and abundance of anammox bacteria from shallow- to deep-sea. Both hzsC and ccsA genes could differentiate marine samples between deep and shallow groups of the Scalindua sp. clades. As for WWTP samples, non-Scalindua anammox bacteria reflected by hzsB, hzsC, ccsA, and ccsB gene-based libraries showed a similar distribution pattern with that by 16S rRNA gene. @entity17114 and @entity17114 /  (NO3(-) + @entity6836 ) positively correlated with anammox bacteria gene diversity, but organic matter contents correlated negatively with anammox bacteria gene diversity in SCS. Salinity was positively associated with diversity indices of hzsC and ccsB gene-harboring anammox bacteria communities and could potentially differentiate the distribution patterns between shallow- and deep-sea sediment samples. SCS surface sediments harbored considerably diverse community of Scalindua. A new Mai Po clade representing coastal estuary wetland anammox bacteria group based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny is proposed. Existence of anammox bacteria within wider coverage of genera in Mai Po wetland indicates this unique niche is very complex, and species of anammox bacteria are niche-specific with different physiological properties towards substrates competing and chemical tolerance capability.

title: New PCR primers targeting @entity7783 synthase and XXXX biogenesis proteins in anammox bacteria.

entities_list: @entity7783 :: ('MESH:C029424', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrazine']

answer: @entity4674 :: (54205,Gene) :: ['cytochrome c']


abstract: To assess the potential effectiveness by which injected neurotrophins can diffuse throughout the brain, we used autoradiographic and immunohistochemical techniques to examine the brain distributions of nerve growth factor (NGF), @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ), and @entity10862 (NT-3) after a single injection into the lateral cerebral ventricle (ICV) in @entity35 . As described previously, ICV-injected NGF labeled cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. Injection of @entity2136 resulted in few or no labeled neurons in the basal forebrain or in the substantia nigra. However, very intense labeling was associated with the ventricular walls and immediate parenchyma. The distribution of NT-3 after ICV injection was intermediate between that of NGF and @entity2136 . In the basal forebrain, similar neurotrophin distributions were observed in neonate versus adult animals. Our in situ hybridization analysis has shown that mRNA encoding the @entity2136 receptor(s) ( @entity10864 ) is highly expressed by ependymal cells as well as by many neurons and glia. On the other hand, expression of the high-affinity NGF receptor ( @entity3249 ) is restricted to cholinergic neurons in basal forebrain and striatum. In addition, staining with antisera specific for the @entity3249 or @entity10864 receptors demonstrated that their expression patterns closely reflect their mRNA distributions. Taken together, these data suggest that the presence of the @entity10864 receptor on the ependymal layer of the ventricle and its expression throughout the brain parenchyma represents a significant impediment to the adequate diffusion of ICV-injected @entity2136 into the brain for delivery to target neurons.

title: Distribution of intracerebral ventricularly administered neurotrophins in XXXX brain and its correlation with @entity3249 receptor expression.

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Surgical options for @entity697 with @entity298 include Hartmann's procedure or resection and primary @entity254 with or without a stoma. Initial laparoscopic lavage and drainage can control the acute intra-abdominal sepsis to allow for a delayed definitive procedure in nonemergency conditions. Potential advantages include the avoidance of a laparotomy, @entity281 at the origin of dehiscence and incisional @entity547 . We evaluated this approach in a selected group of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with intra-abdominal pus secondary to diverticular perforation requiring surgery were included in the study. @entity1 with localized pus amenable to computerized tomography (CT)-guided drainage, @entity298 , severe generalized @entity298 , and those in which the perforation was spontaneously visible were excluded. Standard demographic data, CT findings, intra-operative findings and postoperative outcomes were analysed. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were suitable for the approach. Mean @entity1 age was 60.2 years. Mean body mass index was 28.2 m2/kg. Mean postoperative stay was 8.5 days and uneventful in all @entity1 . One @entity1 re-presented after 3 weeks with @entity298 requiring open sigmoidectomy. Six @entity1 successfully underwent laparoscopic sigmoidectomy with primary @entity254 2-3 months later. Two @entity1 were not re-operated because of comorbidity and one refused surgery. CONCLUSIONS: A two-stage totally minimally invasive approach may be a safe alternative strategy for selected cases of acute complicated @entity4436 .

title: Two-stage totally minimally invasive approach for acute complicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['stoma and local infections']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['acute peritonitis', 'faecal peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Noroviruses are the most common causative agent of @entity1800 in @entity1 , and are responsible for major @entity6766 in the United States. Filter-feeding molluscan shellfish exposed to sewage-contaminated waters bioaccumulate viruses, and if consumed raw, transmit the viruses to @entity1 and cause illness. We investigated the occurrence of norovirus GI and GII and microbial indicators of fecal contamination in the @entity23682 ( @entity23682 ) and water from commercial harvesting areas along the Louisiana Gulf Coast (January to November of 2013). Microbial indicators (aerobic plate count, enterococci, fecal coliforms, @entity526 , male-specific coliphages, and somatic coliphages) were detected at the densities lower than public health concerns. Only one oyster sample was positive for norovirus GII at 3.5      0.2 log10 genomic equivalent copies/g digestive tissues. A stool specimen obtained from an infected individual associated with a norovirus outbreak and the suspected oysters (Cameron Parish, La., area 30, January 2013) were also analyzed. The norovirus strain in the stool belonged to GII.4 Sydney; however, the oysters were negative and could not be linked. In general, no temporal trend was observed in the microbial indicators. Low correlation among bacterial indicators was observed in oysters. Strongest correlations among microbial indicators were observed between enterococci and fecal coliforms (r  =  0.63) and between enterococci and @entity526 (r  =  0.64) in water (P  <  0.05); however, weak correlations were found in oysters (r  <  0.45) and between oysters and harvest water (r   <=  0.36, P  >  0.05). Our results emphasize the need for regular monitoring of pathogenic viruses in commercial oyster harvesting areas to reduce the risks of @entity1800 incidences.

title: Surveillance of Enteric Viruses and Microbial Indicators in the @entity23682 ( XXXX ) and Harvest Waters along Louisiana Gulf Coast.

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['foodborne illnesses']

entities_list: @entity23682 :: ('6565', 'Species') :: ['eastern oysters', 'Crassostrea virginica']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity23682 :: (6565,Species) :: ['Crassostrea virginica']


abstract: SETTING: In adults with @entity296 , tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) has been shown to correlate with left ventricular filling pressures (LVFPs) and has been advocated as a surrogate to catheterization. However, this has not been validated in @entity1 . DESIGN: This is a retrospective review of @entity1  <=18 years old with dilated, @entity1184 , restrictive, and left ventricular noncompaction @entity296 who underwent cardiac catheterization within 3 months of an echocardiogram. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to assess a correlation between LVFP and mitral inflow E/A ratio, lateral mitral E/E', and septal E/E'. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 were included in the study; median age was 8.6 years old. The median LVFP was 19   mm   Hg, median mean pulmonary artery pressure was 25   mm   Hg, and median pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRi) was 2.4 Wu. There was no significant correlation between LVFP or PVRi with lateral mitral E/E' or septal E/E'. There was a positive correlation between LVFP and mitral inflow E/A ratio (rs = 0.59, P < .01). In a subgroup analysis of @entity1 with @entity1184 or @entity296 , there was a negative correlation (rs = 0.56, P = .02) between the mean pulmonary artery pressure and septal A'. CONCLUSIONS: TDI measures of diastolic function are not reliable surrogates for LVFP, mean pulmonary artery pressures, and PVRi at catheterization in @entity1 .

title: Tissue Doppler Imaging Measures Correlate Poorly with Left Ventricular Filling Pressures in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To demonstrate how assessment of life expectancy and loss in expectation of life can be used to address a wide range of research questions of public health interest pertaining to the prognosis of @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: We identified 135,092 cases of @entity694 diagnosed during 1961-2011 from the population-based Swedish @entity5 Register. Flexible parametric survival models for relative survival were used to estimate the life expectancy and the loss in expectation of life. RESULTS: The loss in expectation of life for males aged 55 at diagnosis was 13.5  years (95  % CI 13.2-13.8) in 1965 and 12.8 (12.4-13.3) in 2005. For males aged 85 the corresponding figures were 3.21 (3.15-3.28) and 2.10 (2.04-2.17). The pattern was similar for females, but slightly greater loss in expectation of life. The loss in expectation of life is reduced given survival up to a certain time point post diagnosis. Among @entity1 diagnosed in 2011, 945 life years could potentially be saved if the @entity694 survival among males could be brought to the same level as for females. CONCLUSION: Assessment of loss in expectation of life facilitates the understanding of the impact of @entity5 , both on individual and population level. Clear improvements in survival among @entity694 @entity1 have led to a gain in life expectancy, partly due to a general increase in survival from all causes.

title: The loss in expectation of life after XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report clinical findings associated with an increased incidence of @entity11570 in Liverpool, UK, as in the last 2 years there has been a four-fold increase in the number of notified viral mumps cases in the UK. @entity1 AND METHODS: In the 8 months before April 2005, @entity1 presenting to the Accident and Emergency/Urology Departments of the Royal Liverpool University Hospital with a diagnosis of @entity11570 were identified from the emergency urological admission database. RESULTS: Of 195 males presenting with an acute history of @entity158 and @entity4 , 25 gave a history of mumps @entity8174 4-11 days earlier. Three had bilateral @entity11570 and two needed scrotal exploration to exclude torsion. Scrotal ultrasonography findings varied from increased vascularity to abnormal testicular echo texture. Treatment included @entity1337 , scrotal support, re-hydration and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Of the 10 @entity1 followed-up to date, four had @entity10523 ; one had persistent @entity158 , one a change in testicular consistency, one a noticeably reduced size of one testis, and one significant @entity194 . CONCLUSION: As postpubertal mumps in males is associated with a 40% incidence of @entity11570 , parents should be made aware that failing to immunize their @entity1 threatens the future fertility of their sons. Young @entity1 not immunized as @entity1 should be counselled and offered urgent vaccination. Clinicians should be aware that @entity11570 may be secondary to @entity281 even with no history or clinical evidence of @entity8174 .

title: XXXX in the non-immune postpubertal male: a resurgent threat to male fertility?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['testicular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity11570 :: ('MESH:D009920', 'Disease') :: ['mumps orchitis', 'orchitis', 'epididymo-orchitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mumps infection']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['testicular pain']

answer: @entity11570 :: (MESH:D009920,Disease) :: ['Mumps orchitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and @entity146 symptom aspects in @entity1 with @entity1494 and @entity7890 . METHODS: Sixty-two adolescents or adults operated for @entity5157 were mailed questionnaires evaluating HRQoL (RAND-36 questionnaire) and @entity146 symptoms (SCL-90 questionnaire). Thirty-two @entity1 with a median age of 28  years responded. The results were compared with national reference values. RESULTS: Overall, RAND-36 scores and SCL-90 scores were comparable in the @entity1 and the referral population. However, 7 @entity1 (21%) had high SCL-90 scores, suggesting mental health problems. The @entity1 with unsatisfactory genital appearance, @entity322 , or @entity1494 tended to have poorer HRQoL and @entity146 symptom scores. CONCLUSION: Most adults with @entity5157 have satisfactory HRQoL and mental health. However, a possible mental health problem can be found in one-fifth of the @entity1 . Abnormal genitalia and bladder function may have a negative effect on HRQoL and mental health. Bladder augmentation is not associated with better outcome than mild @entity322 .

title: Health-related Quality of Life and Mental Health in Adolescents and Adults Operated for XXXX and @entity7890 .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy', 'bladder augmentation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['Bladder Exstrophy']


abstract: We tested @entity57480 a new agent with local anaesthetic activity, in experimentally induced life-threatening @entity943 in @entity4485 -anaesthetized @entity235 . By a cooling test and programmed stimulation @entity2224 was induced before and after drug administration (8 mg/kg i.v., n = 14 and 20 mg/kg i.d., n = 12). Comparative experiments were carried out with @entity3303 (10 mg/kg). In this @entity3303 -treated group, @entity2224 could be produced at 27.7 +/- 6.6 (S.D.) min, n = 12, while after @entity57480 @entity2224 occurred at 46.6 +/- 10.7 min, n = 14. The new compound was well absorbed from the intestines; after i.d. administration it could prevent or reduce the onset of lethal @entity943 for more than 40 min. Its i.d. efficacy correlated well with that of i.v. administration. @entity57480 appears to be a safe and potent long-acting agent against @entity943 . It may be a promising and valuable alternative to currently available antiarrhythmic agents. The strong antifibrillatory action observed in ischaemic @entity235 heart (n = 5) both after i.v. or i.d. administration is of special importance.

title: Antifibrillatory effect of @entity57480 in induced ventricular vulnerability by local cooling and programmed stimulation in XXXX models.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'ventricular dysrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Between 1990 and 1999 a total of 186 @entity1 with @entity1290 were treated in our unit. Of them, 76 @entity1 were managed by extra-corporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) alone using a third generation Siemen's Lithostar Plus lithotriptor. Sixty-one of these @entity1 who completed a follow-up of 41 months formed the subjects of this study. ESWL was done after routine stenting of the affected side in all cases except one. The mean number of ESWL sessions was 5.2, delivering an average 15,940 shocks per @entity1 . The average hospital stay was 21.68 days and the duration of the treatment was 1-41 months (mean 6.75 months). Significant complications occurred in 35 @entity1 (57.4%) eight of whom sustained multiple significant complications. A total of 162 auxiliary procedures were used in conjunction with ESWL and in the management of complications. The stone free rate at three months was 18%, but rose by the end of the treatment period (41 months) to 63.9%. Our study indicates that ESWL monotherapy is associated with high morbidity rates, high rates of unplanned invasive procedures as well as prolonged treatment periods and hospitalization. Thus, ESWL monotherapy is not adequate for the management of staghorn calculi.

title: Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy Monotherapy is not Adequate for Management of Staghorn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['staghorn renal stones']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['Renal Calculi']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Only a small number of @entity1 with aggressive @entity1892 participates in clinical trials, particularly elderly @entity1 are underrepresented. Therefore, we studied data of the population-based nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry to determine trends in incidence, treatment and survival in an unselected @entity1 population. We included all @entity1 aged 15 years and older with newly diagnosed diffuse large @entity1892 , and @entity2109 in the period 1989-2010 and @entity1073 in 2001-2010, with follow-up until February 2013. We examined incidence, first-line treatment and survival. We calculated annual percentage of change in incidence and carried out relative survival analyses. Incidence remained stable for diffuse large @entity1892 (n=23,527), while for @entity1073 (n=1,634) and @entity2109 (n=724) it increased for @entity1 and remained stable for @entity1 . No rise in survival for @entity1 with aggressive @entity1892 was observed during 1989-1993 and 1994-1998 (5-year relative survival 42% [95%CI 39-45%] and 41% [38-44%], respectively), but increased to 46% (43-48%) in 1999-2004 and to 58% (56-61%) in 2005-2010. The rise in survival was most prominent in @entity1 <65 years, while in @entity1 >75 years this was smaller. However, when untreated @entity1 were excluded, in @entity1 >75 years the rise in survival was similar to younger @entity1 . In the Netherlands, survival for @entity1 with aggressive @entity1892 increased over time, particularly in younger @entity1 , but also in elderly @entity1 when treatment had been initiated. The improvement in survival coincided with the introduction of rituximab therapy and stem cell transplantation into clinical practice.

title: Trends in incidence, treatment and survival of aggressive XXXX , in the Netherlands, 1989-2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4051 c is a widely used biomarker for the management of @entity6 and can be quantified from blood samples by using various methods, including ion-exchange @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ), @entity15841 affinity @entity2101 , and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Here, we evaluated the accuracy of four separation methods for determination of HbA1c values in Chinese @entity1 with different @entity74 . METHODS: Blood samples from normal @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity2395 , @entity1 exhibiting heterozygosity, and @entity1 exhibiting homozygosity were analyzed using ion-exchange @entity2101 (Variant II Turbo, Bio-Rad and Adams A1c HA-8160, Arkray, run in @entity6 ), @entity15841 affinity @entity2101 (Ultra2, Trinity Biotech), and CE (Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing, Sebia). RESULTS: Samples from @entity1 with @entity2395 produced significant positive biases on the Variant II Turbo system compared to the other three systems. For heterozygous bA/bE @entity1 , a good agreement was observed between Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing and Ultra2 systems, while a significant negative bias was observed between HA-8160 and Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing systems and between Variant II Turbo and Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing systems. For homozygous (bE/bE) @entity1 , a clear context without HbA, all systems except the Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing system yielded random @entity4051 c results. Only the Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing system could detect all hemoglobin variants tested. CONCLUSIONS: b- @entity2395 can cause errors in @entity4051 c determination using the Variant II Turbo system. HbE heterozygosity or HbE homozygosity also complicated HbA1c measurements. The Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing system detected all Hb variants and HbA1c in @entity1 with @entity2395 and could provide measurements with high accuracy.

title: Erroneous HbA1c measurements in the presence of XXXX and common Chinese hemoglobin variants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mode', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-performance liquid chromatography', 'HPLC']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobin disorders']

entities_list: @entity15841 :: ('CHEBI:50978', 'Chemical') :: ['boronate']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['Thalassemia', 'b-thalassemia']

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['b-thalassemia']


abstract: CONTEXT: Poor absorption and proteolytic degradation are major obstacles of orally administered peptide drugs including @entity175 . Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) and receptor binding ligands are interesting tools for the application in the delivery of these drugs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the enhancements of in vitro and in vivo salmon @entity175 (sCT) activity by Tat, a trans-activating transcriptional peptide and VP1 peptide (V) from polioviral capsid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tat/sCT, V/sCT and V/Tat/sCT mixtures at various molar ratios were prepared and investigated for in vitro and in vivo activities of sCT. RESULTS: Tat could increase in vitro sCT activity both in @entity694 (HT-29) and mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB) cells. V/sCT (6:1) showed significant increase of intracellular @entity460 in HT-29 cells. V/Tat/sCT (6:1:1) gave highest increase of intracellular @entity460 in both cells. Oral administered Tat/sCT (1:1) showed comparable @entity14645 effect to sCT injection with prolonged action. V/Tat/sCT (6:1:1) demonstrated @entity14645 effect at 12 h after administration but no @entity14645 effect was observed from V/sCT. DISCUSSION: Positive charge from Tat might facilitate sCT uptake and absorption. Increasing of intracellular @entity460 in HT-29 cells by V but lacking of @entity14645 effect from V/sCT in @entity19 indicated the ligand-receptor mediated delivery of sCT by the interaction between V and PVR. CONCLUSION: Potential application of V and Tat in oral @entity175 delivery system was demonstrated. Further study in a proper PVR bearing host is still needed to provide more useful information for the application of V in the development of drug delivery systems.

title: Novel application of polioviral capsid: development of a potent and prolonged oral XXXX using polioviral binding ligand and Tat peptide.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity175 :: (MESH:D002116,Chemical) :: ['calcitonin']


abstract: @entity6227 remain common, with a prevalence of 5 to 9% and more than 70% occurring in @entity1 over 70 years of age. They are often falsely ascribed to poor nursing care, but can more usefully be regarded as a potentially preventable complication of an acute immobility illness. Prevention involves identification of @entity1 at risk, appropriate nursing care measures and the use of special equipment. Much of the special equipment is excessively complex and not validated by clinical trial work. The airwave system, @entity852 bead bed system and Vaperm mattress have been best studied and are effective. Management of the established sore involves treatment of the underlying medical condition(s), attention to hydration and nutrition, prevention of further tissue @entity130 and the use of special dressings and procedures which facilitate the inflammatory repair response. There is considerable doubt about the use of 'traditional' wound applications such as gauze or chlorinated lime and @entity7232 solution ('Eusol'). An extensive range of newer products is now available but these have not yet been subjected to controlled clinical trials. A useful starting point is to classify pressure sores into 4 clinical types depending on amount of tissue damage and depth of @entity1066 . The least severe sore (type 1) can be protected using @entity2636 film dressings. Deeper @entity1066 (types 2 and 3) can be easily and quickly treated by @entity15850 or alginate dressings which optimise the local wound environment, thus facilitating tissue repair. However, there may be no satisfactory dressing for sacral (near-anal) sores which are more difficult to treat than those at other body sites because of dressing detachment. Cavity @entity1066 (type 4) can be managed with silastic foam or @entity15850 or alginate dressings. Debridement of necrotic material is best done manually by scalpel/scissors, although streptokinase/streptodornase (Varidase Topical) may also help if used correctly. Antiseptics have little part to play and @entity1066 are best cleaned with warm normal saline. Systemic antibiotics are indicated only when surrounding cellulitis is present, although @entity868 is useful for malodorous sores.

title: XXXX . Epidemiology and current management concepts.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity7232 :: ('MESH:C032688', 'Chemical') :: ['boric acid']

entities_list: @entity15850 :: ('MESH:D003102', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocolloid']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['Pressure sores']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity6227 :: (MESH:D003668,Disease) :: ['Pressure sores']


abstract: PURPOSE: Phthisis bulbi represents an @entity454 characterized by shrinkage and disorganization of the eye. We aim at identifying the pathologic changes of phthisis bulbi associated with @entity995 . DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series study. METHODS: 16 enucleated eyes were enrolled retrospectively between 2007 and 2012. Pathologic gross and microscopic findings were assessed. RESULTS: Cases showed grossly shrunken eyes with a mean volume of 4.3 cc. Sclera was markedly thickened in the majority of cases with mean of 2272.8   . Choroid showed an average thickness of 1029   . Necrosis, @entity730 , ossification, @entity5219 , residual viable @entity5 was identified in many cases. Pathologic high risk factors were seen in three specimens. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity995 must be considered in the differential diagnosis of phthisis bulbi in the pediatric @entity1 and active @entity5 was present in half of the @entity1 .

title: Phthisis Bulbi: Clinical and Pathologic Findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ocular end-stage disease']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic calcification']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Retinoblastoma']


abstract: The use of alpha-particle emitters in radioimmunotherapy (RIT) appears to be promising. We previously obtained convincing results in the treatment of @entity43 in @entity19 by using the alpha-emitter 211At. This study was performed to evaluate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 211At compared with that of 60Co gamma-irradiation in an RIT model. Our endpoint was growth inhibition (GI) of subcutaneous xenografts. METHODS: GI after irradiation was studied with subcutaneous xenografts of the @entity1 @entity43 cell line NIH:OVCAR-3 implanted in @entity19 . The animals received an intravenous injection of 211At-labeled monoclonal antibody MX35 F(ab')2 at different levels of radioactivity (0.33, 0.65, and 0.90 MBq). Control @entity19 received unlabeled MX35 F(ab')2 only. To calculate the mean absorbed dose to @entity5 , a separate biodistribution study established the uptake of 211At in @entity5 and organs at different times after injection. External irradiation of the @entity5 was performed with 60Co. @entity5 growth was monitored, and the normalized @entity5 volume (NTV) was calculated for each @entity5 . GI was defined by dividing the NTV values by the fitted NTV curve obtained from the corresponding control @entity19 . To compare the biologic effects of the 2 radiation qualities, the mean value for GI (from day 8 to day 23) was plotted for each @entity5 as a function of its corresponding absorbed dose. From exponential fits of these curves, the doses required for a GI of 0.37 (D37) were derived, and the RBE of 211At was calculated. RESULTS: The biodistribution study showed the uptake of the immunoconjugate by the @entity5 (amount of injected radioactivity per gram) to be 14% after 7 h. At 40 h, the ratio of uptake in @entity5 to uptake in blood reached a maximum value of 6.2. The administered activities of 211At corresponded to doses absorbed by @entity5 of 1.35, 2.65, and 3.70 Gy. The value (mean+/-SEM) for D37 was 1.59+/-0.08 Gy. @entity5 growth after 60Co external irradiation showed a value for D37 of 7.65+/-1.0 Gy. The corresponding RBE of 211At irradiation was 4.8+/-0.7. CONCLUSION: Using a @entity5 GI model in @entity19 , we were able to derive an RBE of alpha-particle RIT with 211At. The RBE was found to be 4.8+/-0.7.

title: 211At radioimmunotherapy of subcutaneous @entity1 XXXX xenografts: evaluation of relative biologic effectiveness of an alpha-emitter in vivo.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic intraperitoneal ovarian cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity625 @entity1 often take fish oil supplements to alleviate symptoms, but limited evidence exists regarding their efficacy. The objective was to evaluate whether marine oil supplements reduce @entity158 and/or improve other clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity625 . Six databases were searched systematically (24 February 2015). We included randomized trials of oral supplements of all marine oils compared with a control in @entity625 @entity1 . The internal validity was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and heterogeneity was explored using restricted maximum of likelihood (REML)-based meta-regression analysis. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to rate the overall quality of the evidence. Forty-two trials were included; 30 trials reported complete data on @entity158 . The standardized mean difference (SMD) suggested a favorable effect (-0.24; 95% confidence interval, CI, -0.42 to -0.07; heterogeneity, I   = 63%. A significant effect was found in @entity1 with @entity309 (22 trials; -0.21; 95% CI, -0.42 to -0.004) and other or mixed diagnoses (3 trials; -0.63; 95% CI, -1.20 to -0.06), but not in @entity571 @entity1 (5 trials; -0.17; 95% CI, -0.57-0.24). The evidence for using marine oil to alleviate @entity158 in @entity625 @entity1 was overall of low quality, but of moderate quality in @entity309 @entity1 .

title: Marine Oil Supplements for XXXX @entity158 : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Arthritis']


abstract: @entity706 are the third most frequent @entity5 in childhood. The Hungarian Pediatric Oncology Group was founded in 1971, and since then the same chemotherapeutic protocols have been used in the whole country. In this study we analyzed the data of @entity978 in Hungary in the last 11 years (1988-1998). We also compared our results with the international (German) data. The incidence of @entity978 (0-15 years) was 7.1/1,000,000 @entity1 /year (the same for @entity1893 was 7.5/1,000,000/year); 5.5% of all @entity5 in Hungary). The @entity1 were treated according to the German DAL-HD-82 and 90 protocols. The therapy consisted of 2-6 cytostatic blocks, depending on the stage, followed by involved field irradiation. The overall survival was 94.7+/-2.0% at 5 years and 91.9+/-2.7% at 10 years. These results are very similar to the German data: 94% at 5 years and 93% at 10 years. The good results are due to the well organised network and the uniformed treatment. The results may be ameliorated by using autologous bone marrow transplantation.

title: [Treatment results of XXXX in Hungary]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric malignancies', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma", "childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: The inhibitory effects of different @entity460 antagonists on contractions of isolated porcine detrusor muscle were investigated. Suppression of the maximum @entity972 -induced contraction and electrically generated contractions by @entity594 , @entity1855 and @entity3988 were investigated. Furthermore, concentration-response curves of @entity5402 after pretreatment with the L-type antagonists @entity594 , @entity1855 , @entity3988 , @entity3931 and the T-type antagonist mibefradil at different concentrations were performed. @entity594 significantly reduced the @entity972 -induced maximum contraction to 89, 60, 21, 8 and 4% (10(-9)-10(-5) M). @entity1855 and @entity3988 significantly reduced it to 64, 30 and 5% (10(-7)-10(-5) M) or 79, 27, 7 and 1% (10(-7)-10(-4) M), respectively. @entity594 , @entity1855 and @entity3988 significantly reduced the electrically generated contraction to 55, 36, 34 and 25% (10(-7)-10(-4) M), 71, 32 and 2% (10(-6)-10(-4) M), 96, 78, 38 and 5% (10(-7)-10(-4) M), respectively. pD2 values of @entity594 , @entity1855 and @entity3988 amounted to 7.07, 5.56 and 5.40 and differed significantly. After pretreatment with @entity594 at 10(-6) M, the concentration-response curve of @entity5402 was nearly suppressed. The effects of @entity3931 , @entity1855 and @entity3988 were smaller. @entity946 caused only at 10(-5) M a significant reduction. All investigated L-type @entity460 antagonists were strong inhibitors of the examined contractions. @entity594 showed the biggest inhibitory effect.

title: Inhibitory effects of various L-type and T-type @entity460 antagonists on electrically generated, XXXX -induced and @entity5402 -induced contractions of porcine detrusor muscle.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity946 :: ('MESH:D020748', 'Chemical') :: ['Mibefradil']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: We describe the case of a @entity1 with @entity2142 -associated @entity3168 @entity295 and review all similar cases published in the literature since 1990, with specific focus on the relationship between treatment strategy and survival. We searched PubMed for all published cases of @entity3168 -associated @entity2142 , using the medical subject terms "clostridia," " @entity295 ," and/or " @entity2142 ." All case reports, case series, review articles, and other relevant references published in the English literature since 1990 were included in this study. There were no exclusion criteria. Each case was examined with respect to presenting features of illness, antibiotic regimen, time-to-antibiotic therapy, additional interventions, complications, and @entity1 survival. These variables were entered into a data set and then systematically analyzed with the aid of a statistician, using serial t tests and chi-square analyses. Since 1990, 50 @entity1 of @entity3168 @entity295 with @entity2142 have been reported. Median age was 61 years (range 31-84), and 58% were male. Mortality was 74%, with a median time to @entity204 of 9.7 hours (range 0-96 hours). Of the @entity1 , 35 (70%) were treated medically, while 15 (30%) received antibiotics and surgery. Surgical intervention was associated with significantly improved survival (risk ratio [RR] 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10, 0.53) as was the use of a combination of @entity114 and @entity3402 (RR of @entity204 0.46, 95% CI 0.25, 0.83). Four @entity1 utilizing hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBOT) have been reported, and all @entity1 survived. In cases of @entity295 with @entity2142 , strong predictors of survival include early initiation of appropriate antibiotics as well as surgical removal of infected foci. The HBOT may also be associated with survival. The disease often progresses rapidly to @entity204 , so rapid recognition is critical for the @entity1 survival.

title: Massive @entity2142 From XXXX @entity295 : A Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['clostridial sepsis', 'septicemia']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['C. perfringens', 'Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity3168 :: (1502,Species) :: ['Clostridium perfringens']


abstract: Cases of @entity706 or cutaneous @entity5 have been observed following use of topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs), but it is unclear whether @entity1874 use increases @entity5 risk. We used published literature to assess the extent to which @entity483 ( @entity483 ) or @entity1874 use is associated with @entity706 , @entity320 , @entity1491 and @entity957 . We searched the literature and summarized the results of all studies that provided data on the absolute or relative frequency of any @entity5 among @entity1 with @entity483 or @entity484 or among @entity1 using TCIs. The relative risk for all @entity706 in broad populations of @entity483 or @entity484 ranged from 0  7 to 1  8. Available data on @entity706 following @entity1874 use were inconsistent and insufficient to draw a conclusion about the causal role of TCIs. We found no evidence indicating that @entity320 or nonmelanoma skin @entity5 is associated with @entity1874 use. A bias analysis showed that @entity784 initially misdiagnosed and treated as @entity483 would lead to overestimation of the association between @entity1874 use and @entity706 . However, there are only sparse data on specific @entity5 among @entity1874 -treated @entity1 . The short duration of typical @entity1874 exposure hinders conclusions about longer exposure. There is insufficient evidence in the epidemiological literature to infer whether TCIs do or do not cause @entity5 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX risk related to @entity483 and use of topical calcineurin inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity3069 are typical environmental, non-tuberculosis microorganisms that occasionally cause mycotuberculosis, an @entity166 in wild and domestic animals, birds, and @entity1 . Here, we report the results of the first study on the genetic diversity of the Russian population of @entity3069 . A total of 85 @entity3069 . hominissuis (MAH) clinical strains were isolated from @entity1 (including 30 @entity645 -positive individuals) with @entity4593 in St. Petersburg, 2008-2011. The biochemical identification of the microorganisms was carried out using the PCR detection of the mobile elements IS901 and IS900, as well as of the polymorphism of restriction fragments of the hsp65 gene. The genetic diversity of the isolates was evaluated by VNTR typing based on eight variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs) (292, X3, 25, 47, 3, 7, 10, and 32 [Thibault et al., 2007]). The MAH population studied was characterized by 15 VNTR types, including nine unique patterns and six clusters of isolates with identical eight-digit profiles. The largest clusters (22221128 and 24221128) included 45 (59.2%) and 15 (19.7%) isolates, respectively; the others contained from 2-7 strains. The strains of the cluster 2533112'8 possessed a truncated TR10 locus (allele 2'). Taking into account the absence of the epidemiological links between the @entity1 and the fact that the @entity281 was delivered from the environment, the high rate of clustering of MAH isolates can be explained by the low discriminatory power of the eight-locus VNTR-typing scheme (HGDI 0-0.61).

title: [Genotypic characteristics of XXXX . hominissuis strains].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4593 :: ('MESH:D009165', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacteriosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['M. avium', 'Mycobacterium avium', 'M. avium subsp']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral hygiene instruction, @entity1388 varnish and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous @entity78 (CPP-ACP) for remineralizing @entity62 ( @entity62 ), and the effect of these on the dmft index in primary teeth. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this 1-year, randomized clinical trial, 140 @entity1 aged 12-36 months with @entity62 in the anterior maxillary teeth were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups of 35 @entity1 each. Group 1 (control) received no preventive intervention. In group 2, there was oral hygiene and dietary counseling. In group 3, there was oral hygiene and the application of @entity1388 varnish at 4, 8 and 12 months after baseline. In group 4, there was oral hygiene and tooth mousse was applied by the parents twice a day over a 12-month period. At baseline and 4, 8 and 12 months after the intervention, the size of @entity62 in millimeters and the dmft index were recorded. One hundred and twenty-two @entity1 completed the study. Data were analyzed using the repeated-measures ANOVA test. RESULTS: In group 1, the mean percent @entity62 area and dmft index values had increased significantly at 12 months after baseline (p < 0.001). The interventions led to significant decreases in the size of the @entity62 ; the greatest reduction was in group 4 (63%) followed by group 3 (51%) and group 2 (10%) after 12 months. The smallest increase in the dmft index was in group 4 (0.17), followed by groups 3 (0.3) and 2 (0.42). However, there were no significant differences between the groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Oral hygiene along with four @entity1388 varnish applications or constant CPP-ACP during the 12- month period reduced the size of @entity62 in the anterior primary teeth and caused a small increase in dmft index values.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Efficacy of XXXX Varnish and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous @entity78 for Remineralization of Primary Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white spot lesions', 'WSL']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['Fluoride']


abstract: Linxian, China has some of the highest rates of esophageal/ @entity356 in the world, and epidemiological evidence suggests that chronically low intake of micronutrients may contribute to these high @entity5 rates. To examine whether supplementation with multiple vitamins and minerals can affect the occurrence of esophageal/ @entity356 in this population, a two-arm randomized nutrition intervention trial was conducted among 3318 Linxian residents with cytological evidence of @entity2910 . During the 6-year intervention, esophageal/ @entity356 mortality was 8% lower among those receiving the active supplements. After 30 and 72 months of intervention, endoscopic surveys were carried out to see if the nutritional supplements had affected the prevalence of clinically silent @entity1613 and early invasive @entity5 of the esophagus and stomach. In the first survey, in 1987, 833 subjects were endoscoped; in the second survey, in 1991, 396 subjects were examined. The histological diagnoses from each survey were compared by treatment group. @entity5 or @entity1141 was diagnosed in 28% of the subjects endoscoped in 1987 and 24% of those examined in 1991. The odds ratio for subjects in the treatment group (versus those in the placebo group) having esophageal or @entity356 or @entity5 was 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.61-1.15) in 1987 and 0.86 (0.54-1.38) in 1991. Although modest protective effects on worst overall diagnosis were seen in the supplemented group in both surveys, none of the results was statistically significant, and the findings must be considered inconclusive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of vitamin/mineral supplementation on the prevalence of histological dysplasia and early XXXX of the esophagus and stomach: results from the Dysplasia Trial in Linxian, China.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dysplasia', 'gastric cardia cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']