abstract: BACKGROUND: In orthopedic field is growing interest in the use of stem cells: this mesenchymal multipotent line (MSCs) can lead to differentiation into osteocytes and thus the formation of bone tissue. In literature applications of this line are described in injuries of tendons and ligaments, small bony avulsions, nonunion @entity174 and @entity1844 . AIM: Utilize MSCs expanded in laboratory in case of @entity3140 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtain the amount of cell necessary for the implant by the collaboration with the UO Haematological Department. For the procedure we make a blood sample from the iliac crest bone marrow and a subsequent phase of selection and cultivation of mesenchymal line for 3 weeks, to get a sufficient amount of tissue to be used, which is presented at the time of surgery on a scaffold made by autologous plasma gel and @entity3282 . We reassessed our experience in 8 different types of @entity3140 result in @entity1516 and delayed of consolidation: 4 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , average 44 years old followed with a follow-up of 50.3 months. In all cases the site of non-union has been revitalized (by microfractures and drilling) and a synthesis was performed with a rigid plate. So we fill the bone gap with autologous bone and mesenchymal stem cells expanded in the laboratory. RESULTS: We have a radiographic healing in 8 cases and no adverse events were highlighted. CONCLUSIONS: Using this cells line we obtained encouraging but certainly not conclusive impressions, according to the limited number of cases and lack of adequate comparative studies. In tissue engineering are also certainly needed further investigations and developments.

title: Treatment of XXXX of the upper limb using expanded mesenchymal stem cells: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage defects']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic pseudoarthrosis of the upper limb', 'upper limb fractures']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudoarthrosis']


abstract: 1. The rate of electron transport from @entity2507 to @entity39734 in the presence of @entity11079 ( @entity11079 ) (which involves the @entity26 -evolving enzyme, the photochemistry of photosystem 2 and the primary electron acceptor of photosystem 2) is controlled by internal pH. This is based on the shift of the pH profile of the rate of electron transport upon addition of uncouplers, or by using @entity1098 -treated chloroplasts. Both stimulation and inhibition of electron transport by addition of uncouplers (depending on external pH) could be observed. These effects are obtained in the diuron-insensitive photoreductions of either @entity39734 or @entity9588 . These experiments provide strong evidence that a proton translocating site exists in the sequence of the electron transport @entity2507 leads to Q (the primary acceptor of photosystem 2). 2. The photoreduction of @entity39734 in the presence of diuron causes the formation of delta pH. The value of delta pH depends on the external pH and its maximal value was shown to be 2.4. The calculated internal pH at different external pH values was found to be rather constant, namely between 5.1 -- 5.2. 3. Electron transport from @entity2507 to @entity39734 (in the presence of diuron) does not support @entity855 formation. It is suggested that this is due to the fact that the delta pH formed is below the "threshold" delta pH required for the synthesis of @entity855 . By adding an additional source of energy in the form of a dark diffusion potential created in the presence of K+ and @entity9942 , significant amounts of @entity855 are formed in this system.

title: Proton translocation and @entity855 formation coupled to electron transport from XXXX to the primary acceptor of photosystem 2.

entities_list: @entity11079 :: ('MESH:D004237', 'Chemical') :: ['diuron', '3-(3-4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea']

entities_list: @entity39734 :: ('MESH:C013250', 'Chemical') :: ['silicomolybdate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9942 :: ('MESH:D014634', 'Chemical') :: ['valinomycin']

entities_list: @entity9588 :: ('MESH:C007931', 'Chemical') :: ['ferricyanide']

answer: @entity2507 :: (CHEBI:33813,Chemical) :: ['H2O']


abstract: Building environmental literacy (EL) in @entity1 and adolescents is critical to meeting current and emerging environmental challenges worldwide. Although environmental education (EE) efforts have begun to address this need, empirical research holistically evaluating drivers of EL is critical. This study begins to fill this gap with an examination of school-wide EE programs among middle schools in North Carolina, including the use of published @entity9065 and time outdoors while controlling for teacher education level and experience, student attributes (age, gender, and ethnicity), and school attributes (socio-economic status, student-teacher ratio, and locale). Our sample included an EE group selected from schools with registered school-wide EE programs, and a control group randomly selected from NC middle schools that were not registered as EE schools. Students were given an EL survey at the beginning and end of the spring 2012 semester. Use of published @entity9065 , time outdoors, and having teachers with advanced degrees and mid-level teaching experience (between 3 and 5 years) were positively related with EL whereas minority status (Hispanic and black) was negatively related with EL. Results suggest that school-wide EE programs were not associated with improved EL, but the use of published @entity9065 paired with time outdoors represents a strategy that may improve all key components of student EL. Further, investments in teacher development and efforts to maintain enthusiasm for EE among teachers with more than 5 years of experience may help to boost student EL levels. Middle school represents a pivotal time for influencing EL, as improvement was slower among older students. Differences in EL levels based on gender suggest @entity1 and @entity1 may @entity1957 when approaching environmental issues. Our findings suggest ethnicity related disparities in EL levels may be mitigated by time spent in nature, especially among black and Hispanic students.

title: Environmental, institutional, and demographic predictors of environmental literacy among middle school XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['possess complementary skills sets']

entities_list: @entity9065 :: ('MESH:D018876', 'Disease') :: ['EE curricula']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is paucity of research documenting the management of @entity130 in rural Australia. No data exists for Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Area 4 locations. DESIGN: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Records were additionally sought from transfer hospitals. A qualitative assessment of @entity130 management in the Wimmera Region was also performed. SETTING: Wimmera Health Care Group: Horsham Campus, a Level 3 @entity130 hospital between January 2000 and July 2011. @entity1 : @entity1 coded with injury of spleen or excision procedure on spleen. INTERVENTIONS: Nil MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: surgical vs. non-surgical management RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 were included (mean age 27.8, range 8-54). Only 26% were from Horsham. Most injuries were due to sporting @entity130 /falls (53%) and motor vehicle accidents (37%). One @entity1 died in theatre from massive @entity130 . Eleven @entity1 were managed non-operatively. Seven @entity1 had splenectomy performed. Four of these had delay in computed tomography scanning, delay to theatre and suffered major @entity260 . The age (mean 39.9 versus 20.8) and Injury Severity Score (mean 21.9 versus 13.8) of @entity1 requiring splenectomy was higher than those managed non-operatively. Six of the @entity130 admissions (32%) were transferred from surrounding general practitioner-run Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Area 5 hospitals. All of these @entity1 had Victorian State Trauma Service-defined major @entity130 with an Injury Severity Score >15. There was an approximate 4-hour delay in transfer of these @entity1 , with transfer occurring when clinical deterioration occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity130 is uncommon in the Wimmera region, improved @entity130 triaging is required, with early transfer of unstable @entity1 and high-energy @entity130 mechanisms. A lower threshold for computed tomography scanning is recommended.

title: @entity130 admitted to a rural Level 3 XXXX centre: a 10-year audit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'splenic trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary intellectual abilities (PIA) are a confounder in epidemiological studies on @entity2359 . A good measure of this confounder should be independent of age as PIA is an intrinsic ability. Furthermore, as PIA is related to health endpoints, any measure of PIA should reveal this association. This study is aimed at comparing vocabulary test, diploma and age at end of schooling properties as measures of PIA in a non-exposed population of workers. METHODS: The design was a cross-sectional study of 413 non-exposed workers (203 @entity1 and 210 @entity1 ) selected from a health check-up center. The effect of age on the vocabulary score was assessed using an analysis of covariance adjusted for diploma. Relationships between neuropsychological performances and vocabulary score, diploma and end of schooling age were, respectively, assessed using multiple linear regressions adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS: Vocabulary score increased significantly with age, both for @entity1 and @entity1 . The increase was 0.14 word per year for @entity1 , and 0.18 word per year for @entity1 . The explained variance of the models evaluating the relationships between age at end of schooling, diploma, vocabulary test, and neuropsychological performances was quite similar for the three measures of PIA. CONCLUSIONS: Vocabulary score was found to be age-related, even after adjustment for diploma. No difference was found between these three variables in terms of their relationship to neuropsychological endpoints. Moreover, the literature shows that vocabulary test performances are influenced by exposure to @entity2359 agents. These results suggest that vocabulary score could be of interest for @entity1 of similar ages and similar diplomas. Otherwise, the other two variables would be better PIA measures in neurotoxicology studies.

title: Comparison of potential adjustment variables representing primary intellectual level in epidemiological studies on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: Primary @entity1573 -embryo fibroblasts (PCEF) were used as target cells to measure the influence of synovial fluids of @entity1 suffering from @entity571 ( @entity571 ; n = 5), @entity309 ( @entity309 ; n = 12) and @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ; n = 2). The following metabolic cell products were measured: DNA, RNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAG), sulfated glycosaminoglycans, protein and collagen, with the same joint effusions being used in each test. Since it is not a single substance that provokes a stimulating or inhibiting effect in the joint, the crude synovial fluids were applied in these preliminary experiments. It was found that each type of synovial fluid showed an influence on the biological processes in the PCEF. The DNA, RNA and GAG syntheses were strongly influenced by the joint effusions, in contrast to the protein, collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycan syntheses which were less affected. Generally, the nucleic acid synthesis differed significantly between the @entity571 , @entity309 and @entity5144 synovial fluids. The addition of heparin to the synovial fluids caused an additive inhibiting effect on the DNA synthesis but did not influence the other biochemical parameters. The synovial fluids of @entity309 @entity1 , and to a much greater extent those of @entity5144 @entity1 , inhibited the @entity1014 incorporation whereas @entity571 synovial fluids had a less pronounced effect. This result indicates a disease-dependent composition of the synovial fluids. RNA synthesis was diminished in all three groups, but again this effect was strongest in the case of the @entity5144 synovial fluids. GAG synthesis was markedly stimulated by the @entity5144 synovial fluids and somewhat, though to a lesser extent, by the @entity571 and @entity309 synovial fluids. The sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the PCEF, as revealed by 35S incorporation into the GAG, was less influenced and on the whole stimulated by the @entity571 and @entity309 synovial fluids. The same trend could be observed with regard to the collagen synthesis. The intracellular protein synthesis was less influenced by the @entity571 (91.9%) and more strongly suppressed by the @entity309 (78.7%) and the @entity5144 (76.7%) synovial fluids. PCEF therefore appear to be a convenient and sensitive target cell system to study alterations of biochemical processes caused by crude synovial fluids and also of different origin by individual factors isolated from synovial fluids.

title: The influence of synovial fluids from XXXX with rheumatic diseases on @entity1573 embryo fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis', 'PA']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This review addresses the many ways that hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO2) has been found to mitigate immune reactions, many of which are involved in rejection of allograft transplants, and thus offers a rationale for its possible use as an adjunct to help preserve and protect transplanted tissues. Rejection may involve both immunological reactions of the lymphoid system, or lymphoid-independent damage from @entity130 or other factors, including reperfusion injury. Lymphoid-induced damage involves cellular elements such as @entity404 and macrophage cell types, as well as both proinflammatory and inhibitory cytokines. Cytokines such as TNFs and interleukins activate T-cells and macrophages, resulting in endothelial damage and its consequences. The immunosuppressive effects of HBO2 include suppression of autoimmune symptoms, decreased production of @entity1192 and @entity404 cells, and increased percentage and absolute number of @entity405 cells. HBO2 normalizes cell-bound immunity and decreases the serum concentration of immune complexes. Studies have shown MHC class I expression to be altered when cultures were exposed to HBO2, so as to become undetectable by monoclonal antibodies or cytotoxic T lymphocytes. HBO2 has been used in support of replanted @entity95 ear grafts, spinal cord tissue transplants, dislocated young permanent teeth in @entity1 , replanting of fingers, free fibula reconstruction of segmental mandibular resections, autogenous free bone grafts, transplantations of the @entity267 , and liver transplants. In addition to its specific effects on the immune system, HBO2 improves tissue oxygenation, reduces free @entity16 during reperfusion, maintains marginally @entity63 tissue, and accelerates wound healing. These properties make HBO2 a promising intervention to be tested in transplantation recipients.

title: Hyperbaric XXXX and lymphoid system function: a review supporting possible intervention in tissue transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['radical damage']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: MOTIVATION: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short sequences that negatively regulate gene expression. The current understanding of miRNA and their corresponding mRNA targets is primarily based on prediction programs. This study addresses the potential of a coordinated action of miRNAs to manipulate the @entity1 pathways. Specifically, we investigate the effectiveness of disrupting the topology of @entity1 pathway graphs through a regulation by miRNAs. RESULTS: From a set of miRNA candidates that is associated with a pathway, an exhaustive search for all possible doubles and triplets (coined @entity11216 -Duo, @entity11216 -Trios) is performed. The impact of each @entity11216 -combination on the connectivity of the pathway graph was quantified. About 170 @entity1 pathways were tested, and the @entity11216 -Duos and @entity11216 -Trios were scored for their ability to disrupt these pathway graphs. We show that 75% of all pathways are effectively disconnected by a small number of pathway-specific @entity11216 -Trios. Only 15% of the @entity1 pathways are resistant to fragmentation by @entity11216 -Duos or @entity11216 -Trios. Significantly, the combination of the most effective @entity11216 -Trios is unique. Thus, a specific regulation of a pathway within the cell is guaranteed. The impact of the selected @entity11216 -Duo/Trios on various diseases is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The methodology presented shows that the synthesis of the topology of a network with a detailed understanding of the miRNAs' regulation is useful in exposing critical nodes of the network. We propose the @entity11216 -Trio approach as a basis for rationally designed perturbation experiments. CONTACT: michall@cc.huji.ac.il SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

title: Susceptibility of the XXXX pathways graphs to fragmentation by small sets of microRNAs.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This prospective and randomized clinical study was initiated to compare the efficacy and safety of combined @entity342 blockade with combination with UFT in @entity1 with @entity263 . METHODS: A total of 142 @entity1 were entered in this study between April 1990 and December 1992. All @entity1 received bilateral orchiectomy and 200 mg/day of @entity18830 . Of these @entity1 , 70 @entity1 were administered an additional 400 mg/day of UFT after randomization. Either treatment was continued for at least 1 year or until objective progression occurred if the initial response was equal to or better than no change. The endpoints of this study were progression-free survival, @entity5 -specific survival and change of QOL scores. RESULTS: A total of 136 @entity1 were evaluable and 131 @entity1 (96.3%) could be followed up with a median follow-up period of 1469 days. Both groups showed similar initial treatment response at 12 weeks, adverse effect and change of quality of life score during the first year after initiation of the treatment. There was a significantly longer progression-free survival and better but not significant @entity5 -specific survival in the endocrine chemotherapy group. The @entity1 with earlier stage and initial serum prostate-specific antigen values <40 ng/ml showed a good indication for this endocrine chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: This endocrine chemotherapy was confirmed to be tolerable and significantly effective in the delay of disease progression, which leads to longer survival in @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: Prospective and randomized comparison of combined XXXX blockade versus combination with oral UFT as an initial treatment for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'untreated prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity18830 :: ('MESH:C004955', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: Four @entity2868 strains were studied one nonenterotoxigenic (NTBF) and three enterotoxigenic (ETBF). Endotoxin and enterotoxin which are released into the culture medium during the growth of strains were detected. Cultures in BHI broth were incubated for 48 hours at 37 degrees C. After 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours of cultivation, samples of bacterial culture were collected and the optical density was measured. Then the samples were centrifuged, supernatants were filtered through 0.45 micron filters and concentrated three times with 5000 D ultrafilters. Prepared samples were kept frozen at 70 degrees C until use. The presence of endotoxin in samples was revealed by means of immunoelectroprecipitation (IEP) and immunoenzymatic test (dot-ELISA). The assays were performed with antibacterial @entity95 immune sera. The activity of enterotoxin was detected on a @entity1 @entity694 cell line HT 29/C1. The results of the study indicate that endotoxin is released spontaneously by nonenterotoxigenic IPL E 323 strain into the culture medium at the early stages of cultivation. The presence of endotoxin is not demonstrated by means of immunoelectroprecipitation in culture filtrated of ETBF strains. Trace amounts of endotoxin are revealed with dot-ELISA. The activity of @entity11765 is detected after 16 hours of incubation of ETBF strains.

title: [Detection of endotoxins and enterotoxins of XXXX in culture media].

entities_list: @entity11765 :: ('MESH:D004768', 'Chemical') :: ['enterotoxin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2868 :: (817,Species) :: ['Bacteroides fragilis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fibroblast growth factors consist of receptor @entity669 kinase binding proteins involved in growth, differentiation, and regeneration of a variety of tissues of the head and neck. Their role in the development of teeth has been documented, and their presence in @entity1 odontogenic cysts and @entity5 has previously been investigated. @entity37344 (OMIM 164330) is a @entity395 characterized by clustering of teeth as @entity14317 , @entity1141 and @entity3894 of teeth, slight @entity2122 , and @entity1282 . We have followed the clinical course of the disease in a family over more than 30 years and have identified a genetic abnormality segregating with the disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated clinical data from nine different family members and obtained venous blood probes for genetic studies from three family members (two affected and one unaffected). RESULTS: The present family with five @entity1 in two generations has remained one out of only two known cases with this very rare syndrome. All those affected showed @entity4500 , @entity711 , and @entity1141 and @entity14317 of the upper and lower jaw. Additional signs included @entity1282 and strictures of the oesophagus. Comorbidity in one @entity1 included @entity472 and @entity453 , requiring coronary bypasses and aortic valve replacement. Genome-wide SNP array analyses in three family members (two affected and one unaffected) revealed a microduplication of chromosome 11q13.3 spanning 355 kilobases (kb) and including two genes in full length, @entity10006 ( @entity10006 ) and 4 ( @entity10008 ). CONCLUSION: The microduplication identified in this family represents the most likely cause of the @entity37344 and implies that the syndrome is caused by a gain of function of the @entity10006 and @entity10008 genes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Mutations of @entity7991 genes can cause @entity2122 such as @entity37344 . Following this train of thought, an evaluation of FGF gene family in @entity14317 could be worthwhile.

title: The original family revisited after 37 years: @entity37344 is most likely caused by a microduplication of chromosome 11q13.3, including the XXXX and @entity10008 genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial syndromes', 'craniofacial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity37344 :: ('MESH:C537740', 'Disease') :: ['odontoma   dysphagia syndrome', 'Odontoma   dysphagia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['teeth dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity711 :: ('MESH:C538049', 'Disease') :: ['oligodontia']

entities_list: @entity10006 :: ('2248', 'Gene') :: ['FGF3', 'fibroblast growth factors 3']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['very rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity14317 :: ('MESH:D009810', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic odontoma', 'odontoma', 'compound odontoma']

answer: @entity10006 :: (2248,Gene) :: ['FGF3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of mini external fixation device for @entity9256 of the metacarpal and phalange. METHODS: Between October 2009 and April 2011, 33 @entity1 with @entity9256 of the metacarpal and phalange were treated with mini external fixation device. There were 25 males and 8 females, aged from 21 to 62 years with an average of 25.5 years. Of 33 cases, 7 were rated as Gustilo type II and 26 as Gustilo type IIIA; 20 cases were diagnosed as having simple metacarpal and phalangeal comminuted @entity174 and 13 cases as having combined interphalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joint @entity174 . Partial or @entity397 was observed in 18 cases. The time between injury and operation was 2-8 hours (mean, 3.7 hours). After one stage debridement and reduction, @entity174 was fixed with mini external fixation device. RESULTS: Primary healing of incision was obtained in 30 cases and no pin hole @entity281 was found. Incision @entity281 occurred in 3 cases and leaded to nonunion. Nonunion also occured in 2 cases of simple metacarpal and phalangeal @entity174 . The mean follow-up was 8 months (range, 6 months to 1 year). X-ray films showed @entity174 healing in 13 cases after 8 weeks (8 cases of simple metacarpal and phalangeal @entity174 and 5 cases of combined interphalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joint @entity174 ), in 12 cases after 12 weeks (7 cases of simple metacarpal and phalangeal @entity174 and 5 cases of interphalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joint @entity174 ), and in 3 cases of simple metacarpal and phalangeal @entity174 after 6 months. After removing the mini external fixation device and functional exercise, 3 cases of simple metacarpal and phalangeal comminuted @entity174 and 4 cases of combined interphalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joint @entity174 still had joint stiffness, but had no finger rotation and @entity85 or @entity1118 . According to the measurement of total active movement for 28 @entity1 who obtained @entity174 healing, the results were excellent in 7 cases, good in 12 cases, fair in 5 cases, and poor in 4 cases, the excellent and good rate was 67.9%. CONCLUSION: The mini external fixation device is a good technique for @entity9256 of metacarpal and phalange. In @entity1 having @entity9256 with interphalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joint @entity174 , the results are fair or poor.

title: [Mini external fixation device for XXXX of metacarpal and phalange].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity9256 :: ('MESH:D018460', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted open fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['complete rupture of tendon']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['alignment deformity']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity9256 :: (MESH:D018460,Disease) :: ['comminuted open fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate risk factors associated with iatrogenic splenectomy during nephrectomy and to assess outcomes among @entity1 undergoing nephrectomy for @entity703 . METHODS: Of 4323 @entity1 who underwent nephrectomy at Mayo Clinic between 1992 and 2008, 33 (0.8%) had an iatrogenic/unplanned splenectomy. In a case-control study design, controls without splenectomy were matched 1:3 based on age, sex, surgical date, side of the @entity703 , surgical approach and surgeon. Perioperative features and survival were evaluated using conditional logistic and Cox regression. RESULTS: Among the 33 iatrogenic splenectomy @entity1 , the majority (94%) underwent radical, open and left-sided nephrectomy. @entity5 classification >= T3 was the only clinicopathological risk factor significantly associated with splenectomy (odds ratio 3.4; P   =   0.02). Compared with controls, @entity1 with an iatrogenic splenectomy were more likely to have longer operative time (205 vs 171   min; P   =   0.02), higher estimated @entity190 (1.3 vs 0.3   L; P   =   0.001), longer length of stay (median 7 vs 5 days; P   =   0.03) and a higher likelihood for @entity260 (odds ratio 5.3; P   =   0.002). With a median of 9.8   years of follow up, splenectomy @entity1 tended to have greater all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.6; P   =   0.07), although this difference approached statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Iatrogenic splenectomy is a rare complication during nephrectomy and is associated with locally advanced @entity5 (>= @entity1803 ). It also carries prognostic significance for adverse perioperative outcomes and possibly diminished survival, although this warrants further study.

title: Iatrogenic splenectomy during nephrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: AIMS: To determine whether the detection of high risk @entity1082 ) types is more predictive for high grade @entity8046 than the current cervical smear test, and whether the production and measurement of HPV @entity1799 ( @entity1799 ) and cellular survivin and telomerase transcripts can be used to discriminate between cervical @entity1083 that self cure and those that induce high grade lesions. METHODS: Three hundred and fifty four cervical smear samples from @entity1 attending the colposcopy clinic were tested by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of HPV. Transcripts for @entity1799 E6, E6*I, E6*II, E7, and L1 as well as cellular survivin, telomerase RNA component, and telomerase reverse transcriptase were measured using fluorogenic probe (Taqman) assays. RESULTS: Referral smear grades of severe or moderate showed greater positive predictive values for @entity8046 2/3 than did the detection of high or moderate risk HPV types. @entity1799 transcripts from E6, E6*I, E6*II, and E7 showed high predictive values for @entity8046 2/3, but low sensitivity. The telomerase RNA component was detected in 53 of 57 samples and telomerase reverse transcriptase was only detected in one sample, whereas survivin transcripts were detected in 40% of samples. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of @entity1799 or cellular survivin or telomerase transcripts did not accurately predict the grade of @entity8046 in the samples. The detection of HPV risk types correlated well with the grade of @entity8046 ; however, the referral grade smear was the most accurate predictor of the severity of the lesion. Of the 35 different HPV types detected, 18 are not included in the HPV hybrid capture II commercial test kit. The use of such kits would have missed @entity1083 in 4.3% of clinic @entity1 with @entity8046 2/3 lesions and 15.4% with @entity8046 0/1.

title: HPV detection and measurement of XXXX , telomerase, and survivin transcripts in colposcopy clinic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infections', 'HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['HPV-16']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the roles of @entity766 ( @entity766 ) in the pathogenesis of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) with high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance (IR) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity19 model. METHODS: Eight-week-old C57BL/6 @entity19 were allocated into control group, IR group, and @entity6 group. Body mass was recorded. Intraperitoneal @entity413 tolerance test was performed to determine any abnormal @entity413 metabolism. The liver pathological changes were detected by biopsy. Changes in free blood @entity413 , free serum insulin, blood fat and @entity5 @entity39 factor  - level were measured. Differences in @entity766 expression and peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor subtypes ( @entity3229 -   and @entity3229 - -) and adipocyte @entity844 binding protein ( @entity23678 ) in the liver were detected both at the mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS: After one 8-week high-fat diet, the body mass, free serum insulin, and homeostasis model IR index significantly increased in the IR group (P<0.01, P<0.05, compared with control group), while the free blood @entity413 increased and the free serum insulin decreased in @entity6 group (P<0.05). Free serum insulin level were significantly increased in IR group (P<0.05). Serum @entity5 @entity39 factor- - levels exhibited an upward trend in control group, IR group, and @entity6 group (P<0.05, P<0.01). With exacerbation in @entity1561 , liver @entity766 expression level went further down in both IR and @entity6 groups (P<0.05). The downregulated @entity766 expression level showed negative correlation with upregulated @entity3229 - -,  -P2, and @entity3229 -   genetic expression (r=-0.696, r=-0.664, and r=-0.766, respectively; P<0.05) in IR group and with upregulated @entity3229 - - and @entity3229 -   genetic expression in @entity6 group (r=-0.676 and r=-0.550, respectively; P<0.05). In terms of the changes in protein expression level,only on the protein expressions of @entity23678 and @entity3229 -   in IR group showed significant change (P<0.05, P<0.01, compared with control group). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity766 expression is downregulated in both IR and @entity6 -induced @entity1561 @entity19 . It may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1561 by regulating the expressions of @entity3229 subtypes.

title: [Roles of XXXX in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance and @entity6 -induced @entity1561 ].

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity766 :: (387140(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MicroRNA-21']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are over 3 million @entity174 in the United States annually; over 30% of which require internal mechanical fixation devices to aid in the healing process. The current standard material used is a metal plate that is implanted onto the bone. However, metal fixation devices have many disadvantages, namely stress shielding and metal ion leaching. This study aims to fix these problems of metal implants by making a completely biodegradable material that will have a high modulus and exhibit great toughness. To accomplish this, long-fiber @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ) was utilized in combination with a matrix composed of @entity4351 ( @entity4351 ) and @entity692 (HA) nano-rods. Through single fibril tensile tests, it was found that the @entity15274 fibers have a Young's modulus of 8.09 GPa. Synthesized HA nanorods have dimensions in the nanometer range with an aspect ratio over 6. By dip coating @entity15274 fibers in a suspension of @entity4351 and HA and hot pressing the resulting coated fibers, dense fiber-reinforced samples were made having a flexural modulus up to 9.2 GPa and a flexural strength up to 187 MPa. The flexural modulus of cortical bone ranges from 7 to 25 GPa, so the modulus of the composite material falls into the range of bone. The typical flextural strength of bone is 130 MPa, and the samples here greatly exceed that with a strength of 187 MPa. After mechanical testing to failure the samples retained their shape, showing toughness with no catastrophic failure, indicating the possibility for use as a fixation material.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2016.

title: Effect of XXXX concentration on high-modulus composite for biodegradable bone-fixation devices.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-l-lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['PCL', 'polycaprolactone']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: Congenital @entity1664 (AUC) is a form of @entity1665 with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. @entity1 are born with normal hair but this is shed almost completely during the first weeks or months of life and never regrows. In many families the development of @entity75 is noted as an additional phenotypic feature, which defines a related phenotype designated as @entity40059 ( @entity40059 ). Using positional cloning strategies and the molecular findings in @entity40060 recessive (hr/hr) @entity19 , an animal model for AUC, mutations in the @entity1 @entity40060 gene (HR) have been identified as a cause of AUC and @entity40059 . To date, more than 20 different mutations of the HR gene have been reported in AUC and @entity40059 including different mutation types scattered over the entire HR gene length. In this report, we describe two families of Saudi Arabian and Jewish Iranian origin comprising a number of individuals with clinical features suggestive of AUC. We therefore hypothesized that affected members may carry mutations in the HR gene. After sequencing the complete coding region of the HR gene in the Saudi Arabian family, we identified a homozygous insertion of a G ( @entity40061 ; @entity40062 ) in exon 12, resulting in a premature stop codon. In a Jewish Iranian @entity1 , we identified a homozygous splice site mutation @entity40063 in intron 4. The latter mutation has been previously reported in a compound heterozygous state. In the present report, we describe the second exonic insertion mutation in the @entity1 HR gene and the first mutation in exon 12. Our study emphasizes the importance of sequencing the complete coding sequence and exon/intron junctions in the molecular diagnostics of AUC and @entity40059 .

title: Identification of mutations in the XXXX @entity40060 gene in two new families with congenital @entity1664 .

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['isolated alopecia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['papular lesions']

entities_list: @entity40059 :: ('MESH:C565924', 'Disease') :: ['atrichia with papular lesions', 'APL']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: It is unknown whether bacteriolysis due to luminal complement activation contributes to local defense mechanisms against @entity6124 , particularly with gram-negative bacteria. This study addressed this issue. Thirty adult subjects were investigated with culture of luminal secretions adherent to proximal small intestinal mucosa. Luminal and plasma concentrations of C3 and @entity8428 and @entity8428 /C3 ratios were determined. Activated terminal complement complex was sought in surface epithelium to which aspirated secretions had been adherent. Small intestinal bacterial @entity8032 with gram-negative bacteria was present in 12/30 (40.0%) subjects. C3, @entity8428 , and @entity8428 /C3 profile indicated that increased local but not systemic C3 activation occurs in this group. Conversely, no activation of terminal complement complex was evident in this circumstance. Thus, complement-mediated bacteriolysis is unlike to contribute to local defense mechanisms against @entity6124 , even when @entity8032 flora includes gram-negative bacteria. Factors preventing full local activation of the complement cascade in this circumstance require investigation.

title: Local and systemic complement activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6124 :: ('MESH:D001765', 'Disease') :: ['small intestinal bacterial overgrowth']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['overgrowth']

answer: @entity6124 :: (MESH:D001765,Disease) :: ['small intestinal bacterial overgrowth']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the occurrence of @entity548 following laparoscopic and open radical resection for @entity189 , and to explore its contributing factors. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-three cases of @entity189 undergone radical resection were divided into 2 groups, @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) group (n=86) and @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) group (n=177). According to the different locations of @entity834 and with or without preventive colostomy, the two groups were divided into AR sub-group and LAR/UAR sub-group, colostomy sub-group and non-colostomy sub-group. After analyzing the incidence of @entity548 in each sub-group, a logistic regression model was established to determine the relationships between @entity548 and three contributing factors including surgical approaches ( @entity1104 or @entity1538 ), location of stoma (AR or LAR/UAR) and preventive colostomy. RESULTS: @entity548 occurred on 16 out of 263 @entity1 with radical resection of @entity5 (6.1%). The rates of @entity548 in @entity1104 group and @entity1538 group were 9.3% and 4.5%, in colostomy and non-colostomy were 8.1% and 5.5%, and in AR group and LAR/UAR group were 3.3% and 12.1% respectively, there were no significant differences between them (P>0.05). Comparing the two different surgical approaches ( @entity1104 vs @entity1538 ), the coefficient of regression, odd ratio and standard coefficient of regression for @entity1104 were 1.319, 3.741 and 0.342 respectively. In comparison of the locations of @entity254 (AR vs LAR/UAR), the three index for LAR/UAR were 2.460, 11.704, and 0.632 respectively. Comparing colostomy with non-colostomy, the three index for colostomy were -1.394, 0.248, and -0.327 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity548 after radical rectectomy is related to the choice of surgical approach, location of @entity254 and with or without preventive colostomy. Both @entity1104 and LAR/UAR are risk factors, and preventive colostomy is a protective factor. Regarding to the significance of three factors, location of @entity254 takes the first place, following by surgical method and with or without preventive colostomy.

title: [Comparing the influencing factors of @entity548 in XXXX resection between laparoscopic and open radical approaches].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stoma']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open surgery', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic bleeding', 'anastomotic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'laparoscopic surgery']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: The main aim of this study was to describe the age at which pathological @entity384 occurs in @entity1 with @entity1614 ( @entity1614 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 160 @entity1 with @entity1614 attending a regional cardiac centre were reviewed retrospectively. Dilation of the ascending aorta was diagnosed by comparing the maximum aortic sinus measurement with control data from the literature. We employed a Kaplan-Meier survival curve to estimate the age at which dilatation occurs. The mean age of the total group at presentation was 15.5 years (range 1.5-40 years). @entity853 were present in 95%. Eye involvement was found in 18%. In the 115/160 @entity1 with an abnormal aortic root, 78/115 (68%) developed @entity384 before 19 years of age. From the Kaplan-Meier curve, it can be estimated that about 35% of the @entity1 have @entity384 already at the age of 5 years and 70% before the age of 20 years, and at least 80% by 40 years. There were 31 @entity1 with normal aortic root when first seen but 24/31 (77%) developed @entity384 before the age of 19 years and 7/31 (22.6%) after 19 years of age. Of those (seven @entity1 ) who developed new pathological @entity384 after age 19 years, the age range was between 21 and 40 years with a mean of 27 years. Overall, 13 @entity1 (8%) had surgery for aortic root replacement. CONCLUSION: @entity384 develops early in @entity1614 and was present in 35% by the age of 5 years and 68% by 19 years. Even though new @entity384 is relatively rare, it is not possible to safely discharge @entity1 with @entity1614 as about one-third of the @entity1 in our series who developed new pathological @entity384 did so after the age of 19 years.

title: Relation of XXXX and age in @entity1614 .

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root dilatation', 'aortic root dilation', 'Aortic root dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', "Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['Skeletal abnormalities']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['aortic root dilatation']


abstract: @entity935 has been implicated in processes of retinal light and dark adaptation. In @entity2083 retina, horizontal cell dendrites elaborate neurite processes (spinules) into cone terminals, in a light- and @entity935 -dependent manner. However, the functions of retinal @entity935 and the horizontal cell spinules in @entity227 are unknown. These issues were addressed in behavioral, electroretinographic, and anatomical studies of normal fish and those with unilateral depletion of retinal @entity935 induced by intraocular (i.o.) injections with @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ). @entity935 interplexiform cells (DA-IPC) disappear within 2 weeks after @entity2955 injection; cell bodies appear at the marginal zone within 6 weeks at which time @entity527 slowly reinnervate the retina with a sparse plexus over the next 12 months. We found that @entity935 depletion increased light sensitivity at photopic but not scotopic backgrounds by 2.5 log units, an effect mimicked by i.o. injections of @entity935 D1 and D2 antagonists. The ERG b-wave increment thresholds were the same for control and @entity935 depleted eyes, indicating a normal transition from rod to cone systems in the ON pathway. Light-dependent spinule formation was reduced by about 60% in @entity935 -depleted retinas, but returned to normal by 3 months and 9 months after injection in the entire retina, even areas not directly innervated with DA-IPC processes. Spinule formation in vivo was inhibited 50% with i.o. injection of @entity10095 in control retinas as well as throughout 3 month @entity2955 injected retinas, including DA-IPC free areas. This latter result indicates a volume effect of @entity935 , diffusing laterally through the retina over several millimeters, in regulating spinules. We conclude that DA-IPCs regulate sensitivity to background at photopic levels not via the ON pathway, but perhaps the OFF pathway. @entity2083 display both increased sensitivity to light and a normal Purkinje shift in the ERG b-wave whether or not horizontal cell spinules are present, indicating that @entity935 control of photopic vision in fish is not mediated through light-induced spinule formation of horizontal cell dendrites.

title: Dopaminergic control of light-adaptive synaptic plasticity and role in XXXX @entity227 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual behavior']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neurites']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity2083 :: ('7957', 'Species') :: ['Goldfish', 'goldfish']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['goldfish']


abstract: @entity1542 , a parasite of fish and cephalopods, can induce IgE-mediated reactions. This study aimed to determine the etiologic role of A. simplex in @entity1 affected by @entity113 ( @entity113 ) or @entity2021 . We studied 100 adult subjects suffering acute episodes of @entity110 / @entity113 , by anamnesis, prick tests with A. simplex and fish-mix extracts, and total and specific IgE to both A. simplex and cod. The following criteria of A. simplex @entity566 were considered: 1) @entity110 / @entity113 within 6 h after fish ingestion; 2) specific IgE to A. simplex; 3) positive prick test to A. simplex extract; 4) exclusion of other suspected causes. Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge was not carried out because ethical considerations forbid challenge with a parasite. Specific IgE to A. simplex (> 0.7 kU/l) was found in 22 subjects, but only eight were diagnosed as having A. simplex @entity566 . Other allergens were involved in 37 @entity1 , and 55 cases were considered idiopathic. Specific IgE to fish (> 0.7 kU/l) was found in two @entity1 , but only one was diagnosed as having fish @entity566 . We concluded that A. simplex is an important etiologic factor in acute @entity110 . We suggest that it should be considered in cases of @entity110 / @entity113 or @entity2021 , especially after fish ingestion.

title: XXXX , a relevant etiologic factor in acute @entity110 .

entities_list: @entity1542 :: ('6269', 'Species') :: ['Anisakis simplex']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria/angioedema', 'AE']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity1542 :: (6269,Species) :: ['Anisakis simplex']


abstract: @entity645 DNA vaccines are potent inducers of cell-mediated immune (CMI) response in @entity19 but elicit poor @entity645 -specific @entity379 -producing T cells in monkeys and @entity1 . In this study, we performed kinetic analyses on splenocytes of BALB/c @entity19 that were immunized by a single injection with a unique DNA vaccine. Using @entity379 -ELISPOT and multiparametric FACS analysis, we characterized the induced CMI response. We found that the response was detectable for at least 63 wk. ELISPOT detection of @entity379 -producing T cells showed a profile with two waves separated by a long period of minimal response. Multiparametric FACS analysis showed two populations of CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells that were specific for all @entity645 Ags. These cells had similar robust proliferation abilities and contained @entity10807 . However, only a few produced @entity379 . Both @entity379 -producing and non- @entity379 -producing @entity645 -specific CD8(+) T cells were detected in the early stage (week (W)1 and W2 postimmunization (PI)), in the prolonged intermediate period of minimal response (W4-W26 PI), and in the final late phase of increased response (W30-W63 PI). Our longitudinal characterization showed that both subsets of cells underwent expansion, contraction, and memory generation/maintenance phases throughout the lifespan of the animal. Altogether, these findings bring insight to the heterogeneity of the immune T cell response induced by a single immunization with this DNA and strengthen the concept that used of the @entity379 -ELISPOT assay alone may be insufficient to detect critical T cell responses to candidate @entity645 vaccines.

title: Phenotypic and functional analysis of immune CD8+ T cell responses induced by a single injection of a @entity645 DNA vaccine in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of @entity1443 -induced @entity551 in @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ). The secondary end-point was the description of pathophysiologic phenomenon during this @entity551 and risk factors. STUDY DESIGN: An observational study in three @entity1213 of a French teaching hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: All consecutives @entity1 whom benefit from intravenous @entity1443 administration were included in the study. When a 20% droop in arterial blood pressure occurred, plasma samples were obtained and tryptases were measured at 6 and 48 hours. Clinical, biological characteristics and @entity1443 administration duration were prospectively monitored. RESULTS: During a 2-months period, 127 @entity1213 @entity1 were included in the study with 1507 @entity1443 administration. Twenty droops in arterial blood pressure were recorded in @entity1213 . The incidence rate was 1.33%. Administration duration was 32+/-9 min. No respiratory nor cutaneous manifestations occurred during @entity551 . A specific treatment was administrated in half of the @entity1 . @entity551 incidence was higher (3.9%) in @entity1 with @entity1545 . Eighty percent of @entity1 with @entity551 have a severe @entity295 or a @entity326 . CONCLUSION: In this cohort of @entity1213 @entity1 , @entity551 incidence was higher than reported in drug legal mentions. Immunoallergic phenomenon was excluded. @entity1545 and @entity295 seems to be risk factors.

title: [Acetaminophene-induced @entity551 in XXXX : a prospective study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Brain injury', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotensions', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity1213 :: (MESH:D012555,Disease) :: ['intensive care unit']


abstract: RATIONALE: The optimal approach for reducing @entity378 relapse is open. OBJECTIVES: We examined the possibility of reducing relapse by increasing dosing schedules. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of published clinical trials involving adult cohorts with @entity1907 treated using 6-mo @entity12895 -containing regimens, which were grouped under seven categories ordered by dosing schedules. Assuming cavitation and positive 2-mo culture were the driving forces for relapse, a static deterministic model apportioned observed numbers with and without relapse in each cohort into eight subgroups. Combining subgroups stratified by cavitation, 2-mo culture, and regimens enabled estimation of adjusted relapse risks. chi2 Tests for trend and logistic regression analysis examined the relationship between relapse and dosing schedules. RESULTS: We identified 200 cases of bacteriologic relapse out of 5,208 @entity1 in 32 cohorts. A logistic risk model showed a significant dose-response relationship between dosing schedules and relapse, with the following odds (95% confidence intervals) of relapse relative to daily regimens: 1.6 (0.6-4.1) for daily initial phase (IP) plus thrice-weekly @entity400 ( @entity400 ), 2.8 (1.3-6.1) for daily IP plus twice-weekly @entity400 , 2.8 (1.4-5.7) for thrice-weekly, 5.0 (2.4-10.5) for daily IP plus once-weekly @entity35528 , and 7.1 (3.3-15.3) for thrice-weekly IP plus once-weekly @entity35528 . In the presence of cavitation, only 6-mo daily or daily IP plus thrice-weekly @entity400 attained best-estimated relapse risks below 5%; they reached 6% when 2-mo culture was also positive. CONCLUSIONS: Cavitary @entity378 is best treated with 6-mo regimens comprising daily IP and thrice-weekly @entity400 , which may be extended when 2-mo culture is positive.

title: Dosing schedules of 6-month regimens and relapse for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12895 :: ('MESH:C023808', 'Chemical') :: ['rifamycin']

entities_list: @entity35528 :: ('MESH:C018421', 'Chemical') :: ['rifapentine']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'continuation phase']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Established non-unions pose a real nightmare for even the most accomplished surgeon. The variations in anatomy due to extensive fibrous tissue growth, soft tissue contractures around the @entity174 site and bony alterations like smoothening and @entity1463 of the @entity174 ends must each be addressed as a whole if good outcome is to be expected. CASE SERIES: Here we present a series of 11 @entity1 who had @entity1171 of the ankle following which they had native splinting. These @entity1 presented to us with established non-union. There were 7 males and 4 females in the study. The average age was 44.63 years. Ten out of the 11 @entity1 went on to union (90.1%) following internal fixation with or without immobilization in a plaster cast at an average of 13.8 weeks (range 12-17 weeks). The remaining @entity1 did not progress to union and was advised revision fixation but she refused. She was put on an ankle foot orthoses and mobilized with satisfactory results. There was no infection in any of the @entity1 . Two @entity1 had delayed wound @entity446 with delayed suture removal at 18 days. Weight bearing was started at the end of 16 weeks in all the @entity1 . All @entity1 were assessed using the Karlsson and Peterson functional score for the ankle. Six @entity1 had excellent outcome, 3 had good outcome, 2 had fair with one @entity1 having poor functional result. CONCLUSION: We conclude that open reduction internal fixation +/- bone grafting provides excellent union rates and good functional results in even the most established non unions of bimalleolar fractures of the ankle.

title: Outcome Analysis following Operative Skeletal Stabilization in Established Non Unions of XXXX - A Series of 11 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['bimalleolar fracture']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Malleolar Fractures']


abstract: In-transit @entity320 is characterized by an aggressive pattern of recurrence that is associated with a poorer prognosis. Because in-transit @entity320 is considered to result from the intralymphatic trapping of @entity320 cells between the @entity5 and regional lymph nodes, it provides an excellent model to assess genetic events associated with early @entity3 . The hypothesis of this study was to determine whether in-transit metastases are clonal in origin and therefore, may have specific genetic alterations uniquely associated with this disease and the development of early @entity3 . This was assessed using loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis for specific DNA microsatellite loci. Seventy-nine paraffin-embedded in-transit @entity320 lesions from 25 @entity1 (range, 2 to 9 lesions per @entity1 ; average, 3.4 lesions per @entity1 ) were assessed for LOH using eight microsatellite DNA markers on six chromosomes. In 19 of 25 @entity1 (76%) LOH was demonstrated for at least one marker. The most frequent microsatellite marker demonstrating LOH was D9S157 (56%). Using LOH microsatellite markers to assess intertumor heterogeneity, six of 79 @entity5 (7.6%) demonstrated different profiles when compared to other lesions from the same @entity1 . In-transit metastases from those @entity1 demonstrating intertumor heterogeneity were further assessed using laser capture microdissection and DNA analysis, and revealed no significant intratumor heterogeneity. In conclusion, LOH was frequently observed in in-transit @entity320 @entity3 . Based on LOH analysis, in-transit metastases are clonal in origin. The establishment of clinically successful in-transit @entity320 @entity3 requires specific genetic events that seem to be unique and homogeneous for each @entity1 .

title: Molecular clonality of in-transit @entity320 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: alpha-Toxin, the major, pore-forming exotoxin of @entity794 , caused acute @entity101 when perfused through blood-free @entity95 lungs (21). This reaction is mediated by pulmonary @entity2871 generation, for which toxin-induced @entity460 flux into target cells with subsequent stimulation of @entity1426 metabolism is predominantly responsible. In the present study, we investigated the effects of alpha-toxin on the integrity of the lung microvasculature. @entity2871 generation was inhibited in all experiments to suppress the development of @entity120 . Application of low alpha-toxin concentrations (5 to 40 ng/ml) induced protracted, severe @entity455 in a dose-dependent manner. After a lag period of 40 to 120 minutes, gravimetrically determined capillary filtration coefficients progressively increased to greater than 10-fold values, and this was followed by pronounced weight gain of the isolated organs. These physiologic alterations were paralleled by dose- and time-dependent structural changes documented by electron microscopic examination of perfusion-fixed lungs. Increasing electron density of microvascular endothelial cell nuclei and subsequently of their cytoplasma was noted, followed by detachment of these cells from the mutual endoepithelial basal lamina. @entity4 was localized in the blood-gas exchange area, in contrast to hydrostatically induced lung fluid accumulation. These results identify pulmonary microvascular endothelium cells as highly susceptible targets for attack by alpha-toxin. Given a similar sensitivity of @entity1 endothelial cells, alpha-toxin might directly contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity1576 under conditions of severe @entity281 with @entity794 .

title: Staphylococcal alpha-toxin-induced @entity455 in isolated perfused XXXX lungs.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['Thromboxane', 'thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular leakage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1254 is an adipokine with insulin-sensitising and anti-atherogenic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low @entity1254 levels predict the impairment of endothelial function in newly diagnosed type 2 @entity6 @entity1 in an 8-year prospective study. METHODS: In the prospective study, we enrolled 133 newly diagnosed type 2 @entity6 @entity1 without subclinical @entity731 and gave them intensive therapy; the mean treatment period was 8 years. Intensive treatment was a stepwise implementation of behavior modification and pharmacological therapy targeting hyperglycaemia, @entity101 , dyslipidaemia and @entity28 . We measured baseline circulating @entity1254 with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation by high-resolution vascular ultrasound. At year 8, 102 @entity1 were reexamined for endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation. RESULTS: Sex-adjusted @entity1254 level was positively correlated with endothelium-independent vasodilation both at baseline (r = 0.150, P = 0.043) and at year 8 (r = 0.339, P = 0.001), whereas no association was found between @entity1254 and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In a stepwise multivariate linear regression model, @entity1254 was an independent predictor for impaired endothelium-independent vasodilation at year 8 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma @entity1254 concentration was associated with endothelium-independent vasodilation and @entity17211 predicted the impairment of endothelium-independent vasodilation in newly diagnosed type 2 @entity6 @entity1 under multifactorial intervention. These data support the causative link of impairment of endothelium-independent vasodilation with @entity17211 .

title: XXXX predicts impaired endothelium-independent vasodilation in newly diagnosed type 2 @entity6 @entity1 : an 8-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17211 :: ('MESH:C567258', 'Disease') :: ['hypoadiponectinemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity17211 :: (MESH:C567258,Disease) :: ['Hypoadiponectinemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white-blood cell count (WBC) has been identified as an independent risk factor for adverse outcome in adults with @entity4008 . Whereas a low CSF WBC indicates the presence of @entity295 with @entity693 in @entity1 with @entity7135 , the relation between CSF WBC and outcome in @entity1 with @entity2506 is not understood. METHODS: We examined the relation between CSF WBC, @entity582 and @entity295 in a prospective cohort study that included 352 episodes of @entity2506 , confirmed by CSF culture, occurring in @entity1 aged >16 years. RESULTS: CSF WBC was recorded in 320 of 352 episodes (91%). Median CSF WBC was 2530 per mm3 (interquartile range 531-6983 per mm3) and 104 @entity1 (33%) had a CSF WBC <1000/mm3. @entity1 with a CSF WBC <1000/mm3 were more likely to have an unfavourable outcome (defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 1-4) than those with a higher WBC (74 of 104 [71%] vs. 87 of 216 [43%]; P < 0.001). CSF WBC was significantly associated with blood WBC (Spearman's test 0.29), CSF protein level (0.20), thrombocyte count (0.21), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (-0.15), and C-reactive protein levels (-0.18). @entity1 with a CSF WBC <1000/mm3 more often had a positive blood culture (72 of 84 [86%] vs. 138 of 196 [70%]; P = 0.01) and more often developed systemic complications ( @entity177 , @entity295 ) than those with a higher WBC (53 of 104 [51%] vs. 69 of 216 [32%]; P = 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, advanced age (Odds ratio per 10-year increments 1.22, 95%CI 1.02-1.45), a positive blood culture (Odds ratio 2.46, 95%CI 1.17-5.14), and a low thrombocyte count on admission (Odds ratio per 100,000/mm3 increments 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.97) were associated with a CSF WBC <1000/mm3. CONCLUSION: A low CSF WBC in adults with @entity2506 is related to the presence of signs of @entity149 . Invasive @entity7706 should possibly be regarded as a continuum from @entity693 to @entity295 .

title: Attenuated cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte count and XXXX in adults with @entity2506 : a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis and systemic complications']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['early meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: New thrombectomy devices allow successful and rapid recanalization in acute @entity385 . Nevertheless prognostics factors need to be systematically analyzed in the context of these new therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze prognostic factors related to clinical outcome following Solitaire FR thrombectomy in @entity385 . METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity385 @entity1 with large vessel occlusion were included. Three treatment strategies were applied; rescue therapy, combined therapy, and standalone thrombectomy. DWI ASPECT score<5 was the main exclusion criterion after initial MRI (T2, T2, TOF, FLAIR, DWI). Sexes, age, time to recanalization were prospectively collected. Clinical outcome was assessed post treatment, day one and discharge by means of a NIHSS. Three months mRS evaluation was performed by an independent neurologist. The probability of good outcome at 3 months was assessed by forward stepwise logistic regression using baseline NIHSS score, Glasgow score at entrance, @entity4854 , @entity2299 , blood-brain barrier disruption on post-operative CT, @entity548 , @entity63 @entity75 extension on 24h imaging, NIHSS at discharge, ASPECT score, and time to recanalization. All variables significantly associated with the outcome in the univariate analysis were entered in the model. The significance of adding or removing a variable from the logistic model was determined by the maximum likelihood ratio test. Odds-ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: At 3 months 54% of @entity1 had a mRS 0-2, 70% in MCA, 44% in ICA, and 43% in BA with an overall mortality rate of 12%. Baseline NIHSS score (p=0.001), abnormal Glasgow score at entrance (p=0.053) @entity4854 (p=0.023), @entity2299 (p=0.031), blood-brain barrier disruption (p=0.022), @entity548 , @entity63 @entity75 extension on 24h imaging (p=0.008), NIHSS at discharge (0.001) were all factors significantly associated with 3 month clinical outcome. ASPECT subgroup (5-7 and 8-10), and time to recanalization were not correlated to 3 months outcome. Baseline NIHSS score (OR, 1.228; 95% CI, 1.075-1.402; p=0.002), @entity4854 (OR, 10.013; 95% CI, 1.068-93.915; p=0.04), emerged as independent predictors of outcome at 3 months. Overall @entity887 rate was 10%, and symptomatic @entity932 was 2%. CONCLUSION: The MCA location was associated with the best clinical outcome. A DWI ASPECT cutoff score of 5 was reliable and safe. No correlation with time to recanalization was observed in this study. NIHSS and @entity4854 at admission were the two factors independently associated with a bad outcome at 90 days.

title: Prognostic factors related to clinical outcome following thrombectomy in @entity385 (RECOST study). 50 XXXX prospective study.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['embolic and hemorrhagic post procedural complication']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic complication']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical observations have linked @entity65 and mortality, and especially to @entity453 . HYPOTHESIS: The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of @entity387 in consecutive @entity1 referred for angina evaluation, and analyzed the parameters influencing the severity of @entity387 . METHODS: In all, 68 consecutive @entity1 (53 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 , aged 63.4 +/- 10.0 years) referred for angina evaluation were studied. Coronary angiography, selective left ventriculography, and a polygraphic study with a validated six-channel monitoring device were performed. Full-night polysomnography was used to reevaluate @entity1 with an @entity386 / @entity387 index > or = 10/h. RESULTS: @entity387 as defined by an @entity386 / @entity387 index > or = 10/h was found in 30.9% of @entity1 ; its prevalence was not increased in @entity1 with and without @entity453 (26.5 vs. 42.1%). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that the severity of @entity387 was significantly and independently associated with left ventricular ejection fraction (r = -0.38; p = 0.002), but not with age, body mass index, gender, @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity5052 , @entity1007 , smoking habits, or @entity453 . In this group of @entity1 , multiple logistic regression analysis could not demonstrate @entity387 to be an independent predictor of @entity453 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity387 is common in @entity1 referred for angina evaluation. The degree of @entity387 is mainly determined by the extent of @entity1002 .

title: Sleep-Disordered breathing in @entity1 referred for angina evaluation--association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing', 'hypopnea', 'Sleep-disordered breathing']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing to cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess if the anterior-posterior electrode position for the conversion of @entity955 using biphasic waveform shocks is more effective and needs less energy compared with the anterior-lateral position. BACKGROUND: In several studies, anterior-posterior electrode position has been demonstrated to be superior to anterior-lateral position for the termination of @entity955 using monophasic waveform shocks, but data regarding biphasic shocks are still emerging. @entity1 AND METHODS: Our prospective, randomized study enrolled 103 consecutive @entity1 with @entity955 who were referred for elective cardioversion. The electrode position was randomly selected to be anterior-lateral (n=55) and anterior-posterior (n=48). A step-up protocol of 100, 150, 200, and 300 J biphasic truncated exponential waveform shocks was used. RESULTS. Two groups with different paddle position were compared. There was no difference in age, gender, body mass index, ejection fraction, or left atrial size between the groups. Sinus rhythm restoration failed only in one @entity1 in each group. Energy of 100 J was sufficiently effective in most @entity1 in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The anterior-posterior electrode position during transthoracic cardioversion using biphasic waveform shocks has no advantages compared with more comfortable and common anterior-lateral position.

title: Anterior-posterior versus anterior-lateral electrode position for biphasic cardioversion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: In our previous study, we found that polymorphisms of @entity167 and @entity264 dehydrogenase ( @entity5873 and @entity6921 ) are important risks for @entity1721 in a Taiwanese population. In this study, we increased the sample size to investigate the modifying effect of lifetime @entity167 consumption on the association between @entity5873 and @entity6921 genotypes and the risks of @entity418 . A multicenter hospital-based case-control study was conducted between August 2000 and June 2004. Three hundred and thirty newly-diagnosed @entity1721 @entity1 and 592 controls were recruited from National Taiwan University Hospital in Taipei and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Controls were matched to the case @entity1 by gender and age within 4 years (case:control = 1:1-4). Polymorphisms of @entity5873 and @entity6921 were genotyped by the method of PCR-RFLP. Individuals with @entity5873 *1/*1 genotype had a 3.99-fold risk (95% CI = 2.13-7.48) of developing @entity418 , compared with those with @entity5873 *2/*2 genotype, after adjusted for appropriate covariates. Individuals with @entity6921 *1/*2 and @entity6921 *2/*2 had 4.99-fold risk (95% CI = 3.11-7.99) and 4.24-fold risk (95% CI = 1.52-11.84), respectively, of developing @entity418 , compared with those with @entity6921 *1/*1, after adjusted for appropriate covariates. We also found a modifying effect of lifetime alcoholic consumption on the association between genotypes of @entity5873 and @entity6921 on @entity418 risk. These results suggest that @entity5873 and @entity6921 polymorphisms play a @entity418 and that the effect of these polymorphisms was modified by the amount of @entity167 consumed.

title: Interactive effects of lifetime @entity167 consumption and @entity167 and XXXX dehydrogenase polymorphisms on @entity418 risks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'pivotal role on esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity264 :: (CHEBI:17478,Chemical) :: ['aldehyde']


abstract: This paper studied the effect of @entity968 ( @entity970 ) on regeneration and free @entity1521 accumulation of callus of Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack. under motionless liquid culture condition and shake liquid culture condition. Callus of P. paniceum had the ability to resist the stress of @entity970 . The effects of @entity970 stress and culture conditions on the @entity2729 . paniceum appeared mainly in two aspects, delaying regeneration time and debasing regeneration rates. The shake liquid culture mainly delayed the regeneration time and @entity970 stress mainly debased the regeneration rates. Free @entity1521 accumulated in the two culture conditions, and the contents of @entity1521 were positively correlated with @entity970 concentrations and culture time. After stress removal, most of the callus could recover the ability of regeneration, and the free @entity1521 might pay an important part in the inhibition and recovery. So it must be chosen a more than 300 g x L(-1) @entity970 concentration and long than 3 weeks culture time in the selection of drought-resistant mutants of P. paniceum. The motionless liquid culture was more suitable for selection of drought-resistant mutants.

title: [Effect of XXXX on the regeneration of the callus of Pogonatherum paniceum under different culture conditions].

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity2729 :: ('MESH:C537241', 'Disease') :: ['callus of P']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of using an @entity6639 /34betaE12/ @entity4206 cocktail and double-staining for the diagnosis of @entity189 and @entity75 . METHODS: A total of 130 consecutive cases were examined over a 3-month period, including 105 prostate needle biopsy samples, 6 radical prostatectomy specimens and 19 @entity1067 specimens which were excised transurethra or above pubis. 262 paraffin blocks of all the 1030 ones were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 and by immunostains for @entity6639 , 34betaE12, @entity4206 , and an antibody cocktail comprising all the three with double-chromogen reaction. The diagnoses were then made according to the immunostaining, HE staining and clinical information. RESULTS: In the sections stained by the 3-antibody cocktail, blue-black cytoplasmic staining was observed in the epithelial cells of @entity263 and @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) the basal cells of benign glands were stained red. There were no red basal cells around the blue-black glandular epithelium of @entity189 , but discontinuous or consecutive red basal cells were present around the blue-black glandular epithelium of @entity5436 . @entity263 was found in 214 paraffin blocks (82%), including 31 small focal @entity189 . @entity5436 were observed in 64 paraffin blocks (24%), including focal @entity5436 . AAH was found in one block. No benign glands were simultaneously positive for @entity6639 and negative for basal cell markers. CONCLUSION: Inmmunohistochemistry studies using a 3-antibody cocktail and double staining can improve the detection rate of small focal @entity263 and @entity5436 .

title: [The value of using an @entity6639 /34betaE12/ @entity4206 cocktail double staining for diagnosis of @entity263 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'Prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['precarcinomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'small focal protatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'HGPIN and small gland alveolus HGPIN', 'HGPIN']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['precarcinomatous lesions']


abstract: The value of intraoperative digital subtraction angiography in surgery for @entity438 , the benefits and cost-effectiveness are a matter of discussion. We prospectively studied 126 @entity1 with 144 @entity439 , most on the anterior intracranial circulation, who underwent clipping and intraoperative angiography. Follow-up was 28.4 +/- 13.1 months. We tried to work out the indications for intraoperative angiography of the anterior circulation and its cost-effectiveness. In 10.3 % of @entity1 (9 % per @entity439 ) unexpected findings were shown by intraoperative angiography: inadequately clipped @entity439 in 10 (7.9 %), a completely unclipped @entity439 in one (0.8 %) and occluded major arteries in two (1.6 %). A broad neck was a variable of statistical significance for inadequate clipping or @entity850 or occlusion of an adjacent vessel. There was a strong trend for @entity439 more than 15 mm in diameter to be "risky". Their site was not a predictive factor. We believe that intraoperative angiography is indicated in surgery not only on large and @entity439 , but also broad-based @entity439 of the anterior cerebral circulation regardless of their size. It is cost-effective compared to postoperative angiography. The rate of @entity64 in our hands was 0.8%.

title: The value of intraoperative angiography in surgery of XXXX : a prospective study in 126 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'giant aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: AIM: To study the value of early (24 h) post-operative @entity4545 and serum @entity701 as predictors of remission after transsphenoidal surgery in @entity699 . METHODS: We prospectively studied 44 @entity1 who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for @entity699 between 1997 and 2005. The mean follow-up period of @entity1 after surgery was 49 months (19-102 months). The predictive value of clinical characteristics, pre-operative hormonal studies, radiological, surgical and histological findings, and post-operative hormonal studies were analysed. For the post-operative hormonal study plasma @entity4545 and serum @entity701 were determined at 8.00 a.m. the day after surgery. RESULTS: After surgery, @entity699 remitted in 39 @entity1 (89%) and persisted in 5 @entity1 (11%). Three @entity1 relapsed during the follow-up period. Only three study variables were predictive of persistence of @entity699 after surgery: the non identification of the @entity652 in histology (an @entity652 was found in 87% of the @entity1 in remission, and in 20% of treatment failures, p = 0.01), the early post-operative plasma @entity4545 ( @entity1 in remission: 2 pmol/L (1.1-10.8 pmol/L), treatment failures: 8.2 pmol/L (1.1-12 pmol/L), p = 0.019), and the early post-operative serum @entity701 ( @entity1 in remission: 128.4 nmol/L (27.6-4644 nmol/L), treatment failures: 797 nmol/L (606-1037 nmol/L), p = 0.003). ROC curves indicated that plasma @entity4545 < or = 7.55 pmol/L distinguished @entity1 in remission from treatment failures with 80% sensitivity and 97.4% specificity, and serum @entity701 < or = 585 nmol/L with 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-four hours after transsesphenoidal surgery for @entity699 , and without glucocorticoids replacement, patients with serum @entity701 concentrations higher than 585 nmol/L, and/or plasma @entity4545 higher than 7.55 pmol/L, and/or those in which an @entity652 is not identified in the histological study, have a high risk of treatment failure.

title: Early post-operative @entity4545 and @entity701 as predictors of remission in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The pathogenesis and the molecular mechanisms of the development and progression of the @entity656 ( @entity656 ) are not clearly understood. Ascites fluid is known to be important in the clinical progression of @entity656 . We present the lethal @entity137 of @entity1 @entity788 fluid for experimental @entity788 , with the therapeutic course of severe @entity39 @entity656 . METHODOLOGY: The material was in a 33-year-old male admitted with @entity158 . An abdominal CT revealed that his pancreas was swollen and contained pancreatic fluid collection extending to the pelvic cavity. He had complicated @entity810 , @entity295 , and DIC, and received hemodialysis, and continuous arterial infusion therapy (CAI). The peripancreatic @entity281 was acquired, and percutaneous interventional radiology (IVR) was performed for the abscess drainage. The drained liquid around the pancreas contained high molecular cytokines, protease, and bacterial contamination. To evaluate the @entity137 of the ascites fluid, we gave it intraperitoneally to @entity35 in which @entity788 had been induced and @entity35 that had undergone a sham operation; these @entity35 died immediately. The consistent irrigation and drainage of the abscess was administered and the @entity1 's general condition improved. At this time, we gave the drained material intraperitoneally to other @entity35 with induced @entity788 and sham operation, but all these @entity35 survived. RESULTS: These experimental results suggested that @entity788 -associated ascites fluid contained a lethal @entity137 . For curing this disease, elimination of these potential toxic mediators was essential. Our intensive IVR-based therapy improved the @entity1 's prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Downregulating this inflammatory process leads to a decrease in the mortality of severe @entity656 .

title: The lethal XXXX of @entity788 fluid in severe @entity656 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ascites', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pancreatic metastases from @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) are clinically rare but highly resectable. The aim of this article is to identify @entity1 who profit from pancreatic resection of @entity1358 despite the invasiveness of the surgery. METHODS: Between January 1996 and December 2007, data from 744 @entity1 were collected in a prospective pancreatic surgery database, and @entity1 with @entity3 into the pancreas from @entity1358 were identified. RESULTS: Resective surgery was performed in 14 @entity1 with @entity3 to the pancreas from @entity1358 . Most @entity1 were clinically asymptomatic. The median interval between primary treatment of @entity1358 and occurrence of pancreatic @entity3 was 94 months (range 32-158). The morbidity rate was 42.8%. @entity1 with a @entity3 size <2.5 cm had a much better survival after resection (100 months) than those with a @entity3 size >2.5 cm (44 months). Moreover, the number of metastases predicts the survival after resection. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with pancreatic metastases from @entity1358 who have only limited disease, complete resection of all lesions can be successfully performed with a low rate of complications. Thus, @entity1 with a history of @entity1358 should be monitored for more than 10 years after nephrectomy to detect recurrence.

title: Surgical therapy of intrapancreatic @entity3 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Since conventional and targeted therapies aiming at @entity5 cells have largely failed to prolong survival in @entity788 , targeting the infrastructure of the @entity5 , hence its stroma is a novel strategy. It is believed that fibrotic and hypovascular stroma forms a barrier around @entity5 cells, hindering effective delivery of chemotherapy. Theoretically, antifibrotic therapy should reduce the compactness of the stroma and reduce the interstitial pressure, allowing better delivery of chemotherapy. This approach has worked successfully in a genetically engineered @entity19 model but failed in @entity1 , paradoxically increasing mortality in the treatment arm. Normally, stromal cells deposit extracellular matrix as an innate defensive reaction to form a barrier between what is harmful and the rest of the body. Despite the significant amount of in  vitro data suggesting the pro-tumorigenic roles of activated stellate cells, there is no reason to believe that stellate cells around genetically mutated cells are from the beginning there to support carcinogenesis. Such a stromal activation is also observed around @entity75 (which harbor genetically mutated cells) in chronic @entity788 , where no @entity5 develops. In @entity788 , the selection pressure created by the fibrotic and @entity519 stroma eventually leads to the evolution of more aggressive clones, indirectly contributing to the @entity146 . Here, the main problem is the late diagnosis of @entity788 , which gives @entity5 cells enough time for malignant evolution. Therefore, applying antifibrotic therapy at a late stage can be counterproductive. It may increase delivery of chemotherapy, but also lead to the escape of @entity5 cells.

title: The role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PanIN lesions']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Primary extranodal sites of development of @entity706 are rare and concern about 5% of @entity1 with @entity978 . Extranodal development is more common in non @entity978 and may reach 33%. A 27-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed by a cardiologist for a short breath. On the physical examination no other abnormalities were observed. Echocardiography, performed by cardiologist, revealed a large @entity5 , overlaying the right ventricle and compressing the pulmonary trunk. Chest X-ray, ultrasound and CT-scan confirmed diagnosis. In fine needle aspiration clear, lucid fluid was obtained. Scintygraphy of the neck and thorax showed accumulation of the marker in the properly placed but enlarged @entity1374 . @entity1 was qualified for surgical treatment - cervicotomy and sternothomy were performed. The histopatological exam of the @entity5 revealed Hodgkin's @entity706 (classical subtype @entity8768 ). Following the surgery, adjuvant therapy was instituted. After the treatment PET-CT-scan did not show any kind of non-physiological radiomarker's accumulation in the monitored regions of the body and in in three-years follow-up the @entity1 shows no signs of recurrence.

title: A rare case of Hodkin's XXXX imitating retrosternal goiter--retrospective analysis of the diagnostic process.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid neoplasms', 'lymphoma of the mediastinum']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma of the mediastinum']