abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity851 is a recognized complication of pediatric-onset @entity30 , but there are few data on final adult height. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose with this work was to determine adult height and the clinical features that influence long-term growth impairment. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 123 @entity1 with @entity30 (65 male and 58 female) who had reached adult height. All of the case subjects were diagnosed before age 16.0 years. Heights were converted to SD scores and univariate analysis performed of factors postulated to influence final height, that is, interval from onset of symptoms to diagnosis, prepubertal onset of symptoms, gender, @entity10780 present at diagnosis, systemic @entity134 therapy, intestinal surgery, and midparental height SD scores. Significant univariate factors were additional analyzed in regression models. RESULTS: Mean height deficit at diagnosis was -0.50 SD scores, which improved to -0.29 SD scores at final height. Mean final height compared with target height, calculated from parental height, was -2.4 cm (range: -20.0 to 9.0 cm). Nineteen percent of the case subjects achieved a final height >8.0 cm below target height. The length of the interval between symptom onset and diagnosis correlated negatively with height SD scores at diagnosis. Height SD scores at diagnosis were related to final height SD scores, independent of midparental height. The presence of @entity10780 was negatively related to final height. CONCLUSIONS: Mean final adult height showed a modest deficit compared with target height, but in one fifth of @entity1 , final height was significantly less than target height. Earlier diagnosis and improved treatment of @entity10780 would be likely to improve final height.

title: Clinical features affecting final adult height in XXXX with pediatric-onset @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth failure']

entities_list: @entity10780 :: ('MESH:D007579', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2523 is thought to be one of the major pathogenic organisms of @entity7278 . Of the several virulence factors associated with the pathology it causes, evidence is now presented suggesting that outer membrane vesicles, which form from blebbing of the outer membrane, may also contribute to the pathogenesis of this bacterium. To evaluate this possibility, outer membrane vesicles were isolated from cultures of @entity2523 and tested for their ability to promote @entity32 and for their effects on the biosynthesis of E-selectin and ICAM-1 adhesion molecules and MHC class II glycoproteins. The results indicate that these vesicles are capable of inducing acute @entity32 characterized by the accumulation of a large number of neutrophils in the connective tissue. This cellular response corresponds to the vesicle-mediated biosynthesis and surface membrane expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 by vascular endothelial cells. In contrast, IFN-gamma-dependent synthesis of MHC class II molecules was found to be inhibited by vesicles. Inhibition of HLA-DR expression occurred regardless of whether vesicles were added at the same time as, 24 h before, or 24 h after IFN-gamma stimulation of endothelial cells, suggesting that the inhibitory effects occur at both the membrane and intracellular level. These findings, taken together, indicate that @entity2523 membrane vesicles are capable of inducing and regulating cellular responses involved in @entity32 and initiation of acquired immunity. Membrane vesicles are composed of muramyl peptides, periplasmic proteins and outer membrane constituents. The combination of these components probably contribute to the immune regulatory functions reported herein.

title: Outer membrane vesicles of XXXX inhibit IFN-gamma-mediated MHC class II expression by human vascular endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['adult periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis', 'Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cumulative evidence support a beneficial effect of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in @entity14000 ( @entity14000 ). We aimed to assess efficacy, safety, and tolerability of BTX-A in the management of @entity14000 , performing a randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS: Thirty adults with @entity14000 were randomized either to BTX-A or placebo. Severity of @entity158 was evaluated by @entity1 using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and quality of sleep was assessed using a 5-item questionnaire. Primary outcome was reduction in VAS score, with a greater than 50% reduction being considered clinically significant. Secondary outcomes were @entity25 and maintenance of VAS score after treatment, with over 50% maintenance considered clinically meaningful. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 from the experimental arm achieved an at least 50% reduction in VAS score, compared with none of the placebo @entity1 (NNT=1.2, 95% CI, 2-1; ARR=0.87, 95% CI, 055-096; P<0.001). BTX-A @entity1 showed significant reduction in VAS @entity158 scores between baseline and week 2, which persisted for a median period of 16 weeks. BTX-A @entity1 showed significant reduction in sleep scores between baseline and week 2, which remained unchanged until 16th week (P<0.001). Treatment was well tolerated. DISCUSSION: Data confirm that BTX-A is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of @entity14000 .

title: Botulinum toxin A in XXXX : a parallel, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['PHN', 'postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in sleep score']

answer: @entity14000 :: (MESH:D051474,Disease) :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']


abstract: AIM: To study the effect of @entity3446 ( @entity37714 ) on @entity1961 (+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells in allo-transplantation tolerance model. METHODS: The model of skin allo-transplantation was established. The recipient BALB/c @entity19 were injected with allogeneic donor spleen cells from B6 on the day before grafting and with @entity205 (CsA) after transplantation. T cells were purified on the day 14 from the tolerant group and cultured with @entity37714 and/or @entity2047 in different concentrations in vitro. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was used to analyze the specific recall reaction of T cells. Percentages of @entity1961 (+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells were examined by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of @entity3744 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR, and the level of @entity1618 in supernatant of T cells cultured in vitro was determined by ELISA. BALB/c- @entity915 @entity19 underwent allo-transplantation were given adoptive transfer of T cells treated with @entity37714 and/or @entity2047 , then the survival conditions of the grafted skin were observed daily. RESULTS: CsA plus donor splenocyte injection can prolong allograft of BALB/c significantly (P<0.05). The number of @entity1961 (+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells and the expression of @entity3744 mRNA for T cell in the tolerant group treated with @entity37714 and/or @entity2047 were obviously increased. Adoptive transfusion of T cells from tolerant @entity19 treated with @entity2047 / @entity37714 obviously prolonged the allograft survival time in allografted- @entity915 @entity19 . CONCLUSION: @entity37714 can increase the ratio of @entity1961 (+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells in vitro and prolong the graft survival time obviously after adoptive immunity, and these effects are enhanced by low-dose of @entity2047 .

title: [Effect of @entity3446 on XXXX (+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells in allo-transplantation tolerance model].

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity1961 :: (12504(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: The antibody activities against @entity54 and @entity5132 by @entity4629 ( @entity4629 ) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) were examined twice at a month's interval in 251 sera from 169 male and 82 female @entity1 admitted to the Higashi Nagoya National Hospital for @entity358 . The @entity1 population was composed of 226 @entity1 with active or cured @entity1907 including 25 @entity1 complicated with @entity57 and 25 other @entity358 . In our tests, antigens used were crude supernatants of culture-broth which are the generous gifts of Torii Pharmaceutical Company. The antibody activity against @entity54 by @entity4629 was positive in 2.9% of the sera in the first and in 0.9% in the second test and was positive against Candida by @entity4629 in 44.9% in the first and in 44.0% in the second test (Table 1). As regards @entity1 with @entity1907 , the population whose serological reaction was positive against Candida did not increase with age (Table 2). Two results of the antibody activities against @entity54 and Candida by CIE were the same. The CIE results were positive in 19.5% against @entity54 and in 16.3% against Candida (Table 3). In CIE test, 4.3% were positive against both @entity54 and Candida. The causes of high positive rate in @entity4629 against Candida may be due to (1) difference in the antibody, namely, antibody measured by @entity4629 mainly composed of IgM and that by CIE composed of IgG and (2) difference in the virulence between Candida and @entity54 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX and mycotic infection--clinical and serological diagnosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4629 :: ('MESH:D051556', 'Disease') :: ['indirect hemagglutination', 'IHA']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases', 'lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) has been used as a curative therapy for pediatric @entity5 . Survivors of @entity1583 are at risk for disease recurrence, late morbidity and mortality. We assessed late mortality (>= 2 years post- @entity1583 ) in a population-based cohort of @entity1 who underwent @entity1583 for a @entity5 . Mortality outcomes were determined by linking a clinical transplant database with the Canadian province of Ontario's @entity5 mortality files. Seven hundred and fifty-four @entity1 underwent @entity1583 (371 allogeneic, 383 autologous). Of the 479 (63.5%) who were alive >= 2 years post @entity1583 , 98 (20.5%) suffered a late @entity204 . Late mortality in the allogeneic @entity1583 group was 14.9% (median follow-up 10.0 years; range: 2.0-25.6 years), mainly due to relapse of the primary @entity5 (64.7%). @entity102 and second @entity5 were not major causes of late mortality. A total of 25.5% suffered a late @entity204 following autologous @entity1583 (median follow-up 6.7 years; range: 2.0-22.2 years). Recurrence of the primary @entity5 accounted for 87.5% of these deaths. Recurrence of the primary @entity5 is the predominant cause of late mortality after @entity1583 . In contrast to studies of adult @entity1 , non-relapse mortality is less common in @entity1 , and @entity204 due to chronic GVHD and @entity5 is uncommon.

title: Late mortality after hematopoietic SCT for a childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'secondary malignancies', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic GVHD']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['HSCT', 'Hematopoietic SCT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims to retrospectively evaluate dosimetric parameters calculated as biological effective dose in relation to outcome in @entity1 with @entity5 treated with various treatment approaches, including radiotherapy with and without surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Calculations of biological effective dose (BED) were performed on data from a retrospective analysis of 171 @entity1 with @entity2622 stages IB-IIB treated with curative intent, between January 1989 and December 1991. 43 @entity1 were treated only with radiotherapy and 128 @entity1 were treated with a combination of radiotherapy and surgery. External beam radiotherapy was delivered with 6-21 MV photons from linear accelerators. Brachytherapy was delivered either with a manual radium technique or with a remote afterloading technique. The treatment outcome was evaluated at 5 years. RESULTS: The disease-specific survival rate was 87% for stage IB, 75% for stage IIA and 54% for stage IIB, while the overall survival rates were 84% for stage IB, 68% for stage IIA and 43% for stage IIB. @entity1 treated only with radiotherapy had a local control rate of 77% which was comparable to that for radiotherapy and surgery @entity1 (78%). Late complications were recorded in 25 @entity1 (15%). Among @entity1 treated with radiotherapy and surgery, differences in radiation dose calculated as BED(10) did not seem to influence survival. For @entity1 treated with radiotherapy only, a higher BED(10) was correlated to a higher overall survival (p = 0.0075). The dose response parameters found based on biological effective dose calculations were D(50) = 85.2 Gy(10) and the normalized to total dose slope of the dose response curve y = 1.62 for survival and D(50) = 61.6 Gy(10) and y = 0.92, respectively for local control. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome correlates with biological effective dose for @entity1 treated with radiation therapy alone, but not for @entity1 treated with radiotherapy and surgery. No correlations were found between BED and late @entity137 from bladder and rectum.

title: Biological effective dose evaluation and assessment of rectal and bladder complications for XXXX treated with radiotherapy and surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: @entity1 : We report on a 30-year old female with bilateral @entity227 within four days. She assured that she had been able to do computer-work until four days before presentation. Ophthalmoscopy and echography established the diagnosis of a bilateral @entity1829 . Visual acuity was 20/500 in both eyes. Perimetry revealed a small central residual visual field. Further examinations lead to the diagnosis of a primary @entity6437 cerebri. CLINICAL COURSE AND THERAPY: Conservative treatment of the @entity428 and ventriculo-peritoneal shunting improved visual acuity and visual field and lead to a decrease of the @entity1829 . Follow up time was 30 months. CONCLUSION: In a small number of @entity1 @entity6437 cerebri presents with an acute @entity227 . Immediate diagnosis and therapy can lead to an improvement of vision.

title: [ XXXX and acute loss of vision in a @entity1 with @entity6437 cerebri].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

answer: @entity1829 :: (MESH:D010211,Disease) :: ['Papilledema']


abstract: Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of honeysuckle on shrimp, @entity12429 , first on growth performance, secondly on the immune response of shrimp. In trial 1, shrimp (mean initial wet weight about 3.02 g) were fed with five diets containing 0% (basal diet), 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% honeysuckle in triplicate for 60 days. Growth performance (final body wet weight, FBW; @entity1017 , @entity2883 ; biomass gain, BG) of shrimp fed honeysuckle diets were higher (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed the basal diet, shrimp fed 0.4% honeysuckle diet showed the highest value of growth performance. Shrimp fed 0.2% honeysuckle diet showed highest value of survival. The total antioxidant status (TAS) and @entity2041 peroxidase ( @entity2197 -Px) activity of shrimp fed 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% honeysuckle diets were higher (P < 0.05) than those of shrimp fed basal and 0.1% honeysuckle diets. Hepatopancreas @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) of shrimp fed honeysuckle diets were lower (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed the basal diet. Total haemocyte count of shrimp fed the basal diet was lower (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed honeysuckle diets. Haemolymph clotting time of shrimp had the opposite trend with the total haemocyte count of shrimp. In trial 2, the shrimp were exposed to air during a simulated live transportation for 36 h after the rearing trial. The antioxidant responses were characterized by lower TAS and higher antioxidant enzyme activities ( @entity224 dismutase: SOD, @entity2197 -Px) and higher oxidative stress level ( @entity1865 ) in the hepatopancreas compared to levels found in trial 1. No mortalities were observed in any diet groups after 36 h of simulated live transportation. The @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) content and TAS of shrimp fed 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% honeysuckle diets were higher (P < 0.05) than those of shrimp fed the basal and 0.1% honeysuckle diets. The SOD activity of shrimp fed the basal diet was higher (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed honeysuckle diets. The @entity2197 -Px activity of shrimp fed the basal diet was lower (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% honeysuckle diets but without significant difference (P > 0.05) with shrimp fed 0.1% honeysuckle diet. Moreover, the oxidative stress level ( @entity1865 ) recorded in the hepatopancreas with shrimp submitted to the honeysuckle diets were lower. In conclusion, results suggested that dietary intake containing honeysuckle could enhance the growth performance of @entity12429 and improve its resistance to air exposure during simulated live transportation. Considering the effect of honeysuckle on both growth performance and survival of @entity12429 , the level of honeysuckle supplemented in the diet should be between 0.2% and 0.4%.

title: Dietary supplementation of honeysuckle improves the growth, survival and immunity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12429 :: ('6687', 'Species') :: ['P. monodon', 'Penaeus monodon']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity12429 :: (6687,Species) :: ['Penaeus monodon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent evidence shows a substantial short-term risk of @entity64 after @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ). Identification of @entity1 with @entity4905 with a high short-term risk of @entity64 is now possible through the use of the "ABCD Score", which considers age, blood pressure, clinical features and duration of symptoms predictive of @entity64 . AIM: To evaluate the ability of dichotomising the ABCD Score to predict @entity64 at 7 and 90 days in a population with @entity4905 presenting to an emergency department. METHODS: A retrospective audit was conducted on all probable or definite TIAs presenting to the emergency department of a metropolitan hospital from July to December 2004. The ABCD Score was applied to 98 consecutive @entity1 with @entity4905 who were reviewed for subsequent @entity64 within 90 days. @entity1 obtaining an ABCD Score > or = 5 were considered to be at high risk for @entity64 . RESULTS: Dichotomising the ABCD Score categorised 48 (49%) @entity1 with @entity4905 at high risk for @entity64 (ABCD Score > or = 5). This high-risk group contained all four @entity64 that occurred within 7 days (sensitivity 100% (95% confidence interval (CI) 40% to 100%), specificity 53% (95% CI 43% to 63%), positive predictive value 8% (95% CI 3% to 21%) and negative predictive value 100% (95% CI 91% to 100%)), and six of seven occurring within 90 days (sensitivity 86% (95% CI 42% to 99%), specificity 54% (95% CI 43% to 64%), positive predictive value 12.5% (95% CI 5% to 26%) and negative predictive value 98% (95% CI 88% to 100%)). Removal of the "age" item from the ABCD Score halved the number of false-positive cases without changing its predictive value for @entity64 . CONCLUSION: In this retrospective analysis, dichotomising the ABCD Score was overinclusive but highly predictive in identifying @entity1 with @entity4905 at a high short-term risk of @entity64 . Use of the ABCD Score in the emergency care of @entity1 with @entity4905 is simple, efficient and provides a unique opportunity to prevent @entity64 in this population of @entity1 .

title: Can the ABCD Score be dichotomised to identify high-risk XXXX with @entity4905 in the emergency department?

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischaemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The introduction of levodopa 25 years ago revolutionized the management of @entity191 . However, it soon became apparent that the drug offered only symptomatic relief and did not affect the underlying pathology. Moreover, chronic use of the drug was associated with a range of adverse effects. Current therapeutic strategies seek to delay long-term complications of treatment for as long as possible. However, once they appear, most adverse effects are amenable to some form of management. A number of therapeutic strategies are available for treatment of @entity191 . The final choice of therapy depends on the individual circumstances and requirements of the @entity1 and should balance tolerance for adverse effects with the amount of symptomatic relief required. @entity1 receiving long-term levodopa therapy must contend with some adverse effects. After 5 years the majority of these @entity1 suffer fluctuations, @entity910 , @entity137 , or loss of efficacy. Fluctuations can be reduced by changing the drug regimen to a combination therapy of Sinemet and Sinemet controlled-release (CR), or by the addition of @entity4160 or a @entity935 agonist. Variations in gastric emptying and absorption of levodopa and dietary factors become important. @entity910 in long-term levodopa therapy are poorly understood and difficult to manage, although @entity935 agonists can be of some use. As the disease progresses, new disabilities appear that are less responsive to levodopa, and its efficacy can appear to diminish, with increased doses often leading to @entity137 .

title: Problems with long-term levodopa therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Dyskinesias', 'dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4160 :: ('MESH:D012642', 'Chemical') :: ['deprenyl']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare the safety and efficacy of the traditional Chinese medicine Shenqi particle and standard therapy with @entity229 and @entity786 (control) in adult @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). STUDY DESIGN: Open-label, multicenter, parallel, randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING _ @entity1 : From April 2008 to February 2011, a total of 190 @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity8 from 7 hospitals in China participated in the study. All @entity1 had @entity1985 with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). INTERVENTION: Shenqi particle (9.6 g 3 times per day) or @entity229 (1 mg/kg/d tapering to 0.17 mg/kg/d) and @entity786 (total dose of 9-12 g per square meter of body surface area) for 48 weeks. OUTCOMES: Primary outcomes included complete remission, defined as @entity644 (24-hour urine protein excretion)  <=0.3 g/d, or partial remission, defined as @entity644 with protein excretion >0.3-<3.5 g/d and a 50% reduction from its peak value at 48 weeks. Secondary outcomes included serum albumin level, eGFR, doubling of serum @entity1011 level, @entity454 , and @entity204 . RESULTS: Baseline values for @entity644 and eGFR were 5.34    2.74 g/d and 84.0    27.4 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) for the Shenqi particle group and 5.33    2.47 g/d and 83.8    24.9 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) for the control group, respectively. 132 @entity1 (63 Shenqi particle group, 69 control group) completed the study. Change in urinary protein excretion in the Shenqi particle group was -3.01 (95% CI, -3.68 to -2.34) g/d, and in the control group, -3.28 (95% CI, -3.98 to -2.58) g/d; the mean difference between groups was 0.27 (95% CI, -0.70 to 1.23) g/d (P = 0.6). Changes in eGFR were 12.3 (95% CI, 4.99 to 19.6) mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) in the Shenqi particle group and -2.8 (95% CI, -10.32 to 4.77) mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) in the control group; the mean difference between groups was 15.1 (95% CI, 4.56 to 25.55) mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) (P = 0.005). Severe adverse events occurred in only the control group (14.5%) and included @entity358 , @entity99 , and @entity55 . LIMITATIONS: High rate of loss to follow-up and lack of observation period prior to the study. CONCLUSIONS: Shenqi particle may be a promising alternative therapy for adults with @entity8 and @entity1985 .

title: Efficacy and safety of traditional chinese medicine (Shenqi particle) for @entity1 with XXXX : a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IMN', 'idiopathic membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['idiopathic membranous nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled @entity548 (UH), the leading cause of potentially survivable combat-related @entity204 , elicits a deleterious inflammatory response. Our group previously reported an increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a novel non- @entity1 primate model of UH; however, to better understand the molecular profile of the inflammatory response to UH, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of @entity32 at the proteomic and transcriptomic level. METHODS: Anesthetized @entity2608 (n=8) underwent UH by 60% left lobe hepatectomy T=0minutes. At T=5minutes, animals received 11mL of 5% albumin followed by normal saline infusion to a total resuscitation volume of 20mL/kg by T=120minutes. Blood (T=0, 5, 20, 120, 480 minutes) was collected for qPCR and multiplex cytokine quantification. Results from each NHP per time-point are shown. Statistical analysis by One-way ANOVA with repeated measures, p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Luminex analysis in serum revealed significant up-regulation compared to baseline of 8cytokines/chemokines starting T=120minutes post-injury and significant down-regulation of 4cytokines/chemokines as early as T=20minutes post-injury. Gene expression analysis in white blood cells uncovered 10 genes that were up-regulated greater than three-fold compared to baseline and 29 genes that were down-regulated greater than three-fold. CONCLUSION: The present study confirms the presence of systemic @entity32 after UH at the proteomic and transcriptomic level providing insight into the inflammatory mediators that are involved as well as their kinetics following UH. The data demonstrates that @entity548 models may be suitable for evaluating therapeutics to control @entity32 following @entity548 .

title: Inflammatory Profile in Response to Uncontrolled XXXX in a Non- @entity1 Primate ( @entity2608 ) Model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['NHP hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhage']


abstract: We measured the serum levels of @entity20821 ( @entity20821 ) and investigated whether these levels correlate with incidence of @entity296 ( @entity296 ), and whether these levels correlate with underlying oxidative stress in @entity1 with @entity296 . Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed to assess the prevalence of the Ser/ @entity2569 polymorphism in the @entity1 @entity25469 glycosylase ( @entity9552 ) gene. We analyzed the samples from 246 @entity296 cases (the @entity296 group) and another 246 age- and sex-matched volunteers with normal coronary artery function (the control group). Levels of @entity20821 in @entity1 ' blood samples were 6.7      1.7 and 3.0      0.8 in the @entity296 and control groups, respectively (p  <  0.05). Although there were no differences in allele frequency (p  =  0.140), significant differences were present in the genotype distributions (p  =  0.002). The @entity2569 / @entity2569 genotype correlated strongly with the risk of developing @entity296 (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-3.3). Treating the Ser/Ser and Ser/ @entity2569 genotypes as members of the same group increased the predicted @entity296 risk for @entity1 carrying the @entity2569 / @entity2569 genotype (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.9). The serum level of @entity20821 in the @entity296 group was higher than that in the control group (p  <  0.05) and significantly increased in those carrying the @entity2569 / @entity2569 genotype (8.7      1.7 for the @entity2569 / @entity2569 group, and 4.5      0.8 for the Ser/Ser+Ser/ @entity2569 group; p  <  0.05). @entity1 carrying the @entity2569 / @entity2569 genotype had a significantly increased risk of developing @entity296 . Serum levels of @entity20821 were significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity296 .

title: Correlating blood levels of @entity20821 to @entity9552 genotypes and the incidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20821 :: ('MESH:C067134', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine', '8-OHdG']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'ICM']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: In the @entity164 sanguinolentus parvicornis two sequential reproductive tactics occur. Larger and older males establish breeding territories, while some of the smaller males become attached to nest-holder territories, acting as satellites on these territories, which they help to defend while trying parasitic fertilizations when females go in the nests to spawn. In the present paper we tested the effects of the @entity3800 @entity8645 (MT) and @entity5444 (KT) in the expression of male secondary sex characters and bourgeois behavior in satellite males. One week after satellites were implanted with Silastic tubes containing MT, KT, or castor oil (control), @entity342 -treated satellites had developed male secondary sex traits such as longer and wider @entity10552 and anal glands that secrete a sex pheromone, both traits being less expressed or absent, respectively, in satellite males. @entity342 treatment had no effect on the gonadosomatic index or on the development of the testicular gland. KT treatment had a positive effect on relative liver weight. In terms of behavior, @entity342 -implanted individuals were @entity146 both in a mirror test and toward females when these were introduced into their tanks. MT-treated individuals spend more time inside the provided nests. Only @entity342 -implanted satellites managed to have the females entering their nests. When given a chance in a group tank either to try to attract females to their own nest or to act as satellites of an already established nest-holder's nest, MT-implanted males spent significantly more time in their own nest than near the nest-holder nest. These data suggest that @entity3800 , particularly @entity251 , may be involved in mating tactic switching in this species.

title: Effects of XXXX on social behavior and morphology of alternative reproductive males of the Azorean rock-pool blenny.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5444 :: ('MESH:C003600', 'Chemical') :: ['11-ketotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['less aggressive']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['Azorean rock-pool blenny Parablennius']

entities_list: @entity8645 :: ('MESH:D008777', 'Chemical') :: ['17alpha-methyltestosterone']

entities_list: @entity10552 :: ('MESH:D005832', 'Disease') :: ['male-type genital papilla']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity3800 :: (MESH:D000728,Chemical) :: ['androgens']


abstract: @entity56 is a clinical manifestation of @entity5419 during the first months of life. It is estimated that genetic factors play a role in the expression of this @entity56 . This case report described the clinical progress of @entity1 who were cousins from two distinct family groups with @entity56 . Five @entity1 under six months of age and of both sexes were studied, with a diagnosis of @entity56 characterized clinically and histologically by (1) @entity548 ; (2) exclusion of infectious causes of @entity1960 ; (3) disappearance of symptoms after elimination of @entity291 's milk and dairy products from the @entity1 's and/or the mother's diet. @entity1 were submitted to the following diagnostic investigation: complete blood count; stool culture; parasitologic examination of stools; rectoscopy or colonoscopy; and rectal biopsy. @entity1 age varied from 40 days to six months; three were males. All @entity1 presented with complaints of intense colic and @entity548 . The colonoscopy showed presence of @entity450 of the mucosa with microerosions and spontaneous @entity548 upon the procedure. Microscopy revealed the existence of @entity1960 with @entity1712 > 20 e/HPF. @entity1 were treated with a hypoallergenic formula and showed remission of symptoms. After one year of age, all were submitted to an oral challenge with a milk formula and presented food tolerance. @entity56 is a disease with evident genetic inheritance and a temporary character.

title: XXXX : the clinical evolution of a transitory disease with a familial trend. Case reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants', 'Patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic colitis', 'allergic colitis', 'allergic disease']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic proctocolitis']


abstract: The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a three-drug chemotherapy regimen including @entity136 , @entity3003 , and @entity1311 as induction therapy in clinical @entity5 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 aged 18-75 years, ECOG PS 0-1, with unresectable clinical stage IIIA or IIIB @entity1149 suitable for definitive radiation treatment, were treated in a phase II study with i.v. @entity3003 AUC 5 and i.v., @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) on day 1, and i.v. @entity136 800 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks for 3 cycles, as previously assessed in a dose-finding study. Primary end point was overall response rate (ORR). Secondary end points included: @entity137 , progression-free survival (PFS), resection rate, and overall survival (OS). Out of the 60 enrolled @entity1 , 49 were males and 11 females, 31 @entity1 had stage IIIA and 29 stage IIIB @entity1149 . Forty-four partial responses and one complete response were observed, for an ORR of 75 %. The most frequent G3-G4 @entity137 included: @entity1398 (in 23 % of cases), hypertransaminasemia (12 %), and @entity294 (5 %). With a median follow-up of 15 months (range 2-72), median PFS was 10.5 months (95 % CI 9.9-11.4) and median OS was 21.1 months (95 % CI 19.7-22.8). Fourteen stage IIIA @entity1 underwent surgery, for a resection rate of 45 %. A median PFS of 17.8 months (95 % CI 16.2-19.7) and a median OS of 25.5 months (95 % CI 23.0-28.4) were observed in stage IIIA @entity1 . The three-drug chemotherapy regimen, at the employed dose, demonstrated a considerable disease response and resection rate, with acceptable @entity137 .

title: A three-drug induction chemotherapy with @entity136 , @entity3003 , and @entity1311 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The role of hemodynamics in the growth of @entity438 is not completely clear. We present a hemodynamic study with two adjacent unruptured @entity439 arising from one parent artery but growing in different ways. This study aimed to investigate whether there were differences in hemodynamic characteristics between the two growing @entity439 . METHODS: A 62-year-old female @entity1 presented with six unruptured @entity438 . Catheter angiography at 6-month intervals revealed that two @entity439 located adjacently at the right posterior @entity5487 were growing over a 1-year period. Three-dimensional @entity439 geometries were acquired via rotational angiography. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were conducted on the 3D @entity439 geometries under @entity1 -specific pulsatile flow conditions that were measured by magnetic resonance velocimetry. RESULTS: The proximal multilobular @entity439 demonstrated high flow and physiological levels of @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) in the region of growth, whereas the distal rounded @entity439 had low flow and low @entity1642 in the growing sac. CONCLUSION: Growing @entity439 can have heterogeneous hemodynamic and morphologic characteristics and different growing patterns. Growing regions of an @entity439 could be exposed to either high @entity1642 at the inflow zone or low @entity1642 and high oscillatory shear in the @entity439 sac.

title: Hemodynamic analysis of growing XXXX arising from a posterior @entity5487 .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WSS', 'wall shear stress']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the inflammatory activity in @entity1 on chronic @entity298 ( @entity298 ) and @entity1 on chronic hemodialysis (HD) in comparison to @entity1 with @entity740 without dialysis treatment and healthy volunteers. DESIGN: Open, nonrandomized prospective study. SETTING: Nephrology Department, including HD and @entity298 therapy in a university hospital. @entity1 : Twenty-four @entity1 on chronic @entity298 ,21 @entity1 on chronic HD therapy using a @entity8608 dialyzer,16 @entity1 with @entity740 without dialysis treatment, and 33 healthy volunteers; 8 additional @entity1 before and after initiation of chronic HD therapy. All @entity1 and controls were without @entity281 or immunosuppressive therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: As a marker of the inflammatory activity in the different @entity1 groups, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) was measured serially using a sensitive, enzyme-linked, immunosorbent assay in order to detect values below the detection limit of standard assays. RESULTS: @entity1 groups had @entity1851 levels higher than the normal controls (p < 0.01). @entity1 on HD had @entity1851 levels significantly higher than @entity298 @entity1 (p < 0.01) whose levels were comparable to @entity1 without dialysis therapy. Accordingly, longitudinal measurements before and after initiation of chronic HD showed a significant increase in @entity1851 levels after the beginning of HD treatment (p < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that induction of the inflammatory activity is lower during @entity298 compared to HD, since stimulation by the dialyzer membrane, dialysate buffer, or bacterial fragments in the dialysate is avoided. This observation might indicate a possible lower risk of long-term complications in @entity1 with @entity298 .

title: Chronic induction of XXXX by hemodialysis, but not by @entity298 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8608 :: ('MESH:C009865', 'Chemical') :: ['cuprophan']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: Smoking cues trigger craving for cigarettes and relapse. @entity1239 metabolism, mediated by the enzyme @entity5944 , also influences smoking behavior. In this study, we investigated how @entity1239 metabolism and genetic variation in @entity5944 influence the neural response to smoking cues in @entity1 using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We hypothesized that individuals with faster rates of @entity1239 metabolism would have stronger conditioned responses to smoking cues because of closer coupling in everyday life between exposure to cigarettes and surges in blood @entity1239 concentration. In contrast, individuals with reduced rates of metabolism, who have relatively constant @entity1239 blood levels throughout the day, should be less likely to develop conditioned responses to cues. We screened 169 smokers for their rate of @entity1239 metabolism and @entity5944 genotype, and selected 31 smokers with the fastest and slowest rates for fMRI, matched for daily cigarette intake. We measured their neural response to visual smoking and non-smoking cues using fMRI. As predicted, fast metabolizers, by phenotype or genotype, had significantly greater responses to visual cigarette cues than slow metabolizers in the amygdala, hippocampus, striatum, insula, and cingulate cortex. These results support the theory that drug cues are conditioned stimuli, and explain why fast metabolizers who smoke have lower cessation rates. They also provide insight into how genetics can shape @entity1 vulnerability to addiction, and have implications for tailoring smoking cessation programs based on individual genetics.

title: Genetic variation in XXXX predicts neural reactivity to smoking cues as measured using fMRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

answer: @entity5944 :: (1548,Gene) :: ['CYP2A6']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Worldwide 10-20 million individuals are living with disabilities after acute @entity3328 . However, very little is known about the socio-economic consequences and health care costs of @entity3328 . We carried out a historical register-based study including 3606 individuals hospitalised for @entity3328 in Copenhagen, Denmark 1940-1954, and 13,795 age and gender-matched Danes. @entity1 were followed from 1980 until 2012, and family, socio-economic conditions and health care costs were evaluated in different age groups using chi-squared tests, boot-strapped t tests or hazard ratios (HR) calculated in Cox-regression models. The analyses were performed separately for @entity8442 and non- @entity8442 polio survivors and their controls, respectively. Compared with controls a higher percentage of @entity8442 polio survivors remained childless, whereas no difference was observed for non- @entity8442 polio survivors. The educational level among @entity8442 as well as non- @entity8442 polio survivors was higher than that among their controls, employment rate at the ages of 40, 50 and 60  years was slightly lower, whereas total income in the age intervals of 31-40, 41-50 and 51-60  years were similar to controls. Paralytic and non- @entity8442 polio survivors had a 2.5 [HR  =  2.52 (95  % confidence interval (CI); 2.29-2.77)] and 1.4 [HR  =  1.35 (95  % CI; 1.23-1.49)]-fold higher risk, respectively, of receiving disability pension compared with controls. Personal health care costs were considerably higher in all age groups in both groups of polio survivors. Individuals with a history of @entity3328 are well educated, have a slightly lower employment rate, an income similar to controls, but a considerably higher cost in the health care system.

title: Long-term socio-economic consequences and health care costs of XXXX : a historical cohort study involving 3606 polio @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

answer: @entity3328 :: (MESH:D011051,Disease) :: ['poliomyelitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study a sample of asthmatic @entity1 to get to know how the disease is managed by caretakers and to identify predictive factors associated with attendance in emergency room for @entity565 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study nested in a cohort was undertaken in the urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. 981 @entity1 aged 4-5 years, who belong to the cohort of 1993, participated in this study. RESULTS: The @entity565 prevalence in the @entity1 sample was 25.4%. Morbidity for @entity565 was quite high: 31% of the @entity1 were seen in emergency rooms in the last year, 57% attended medical clinics and 26% were hospitalized in the first 4 years of life. The crude analysis identified the following predictive @entity341 : low educational level (RO=4.1), low family income (RO=6. 5), 3 or more @entity1 sleeping in the same room (RO=2.2), severity of @entity565 attacks (RO=2.7), use of @entity565 medicines in the last year (RO=1.9) and hospitalizations due to @entity565 (RO=3.0). Multivariate analyses using logistic regression were used to adjust each variable for the effect of the remainder. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity565 prevalence among preschool @entity1 in Pelotas is high, resulting therefore in high morbidity. The predictor @entity341 due to @entity565 found, after multivariate analysis, were mother's low educational level, severity of the @entity565 attacks and hospitalization.

title: [Asthmatic XXXX 's risk @entity341 , Brazil].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['factors for emergency room visits']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate neurologically acute lacrimation caused by @entity205 ( @entity870 ) eyedrops in @entity95 . METHODS: Normal adult male New Zealand White @entity95 and those that underwent parasympathectomy each received a single instillation of 0.1% @entity870 or vehicle eyedrops. Schirmer tear test (STT) results, flow rate of lacrimal gland (LG) fluid from the excretory lacrimal duct of the main LG, and blink rate (over a 3-minute period) were measured before and after instillation of @entity870 or vehicle. Light microscopy was performed to examine the main LG in vitro. Protein release from LG fragments was assessed after incubation with @entity870 for 30 minutes. RESULTS: In normal @entity95 , the STT value and the flow rate of LG fluid were significantly increased after treatment with @entity870 compared with vehicle (P < 0.05). In contrast, no changes were found in denervated eyes. The blink rate of @entity870 -treated eyes was significantly higher than that of @entity735 in normal @entity95 (P < 0.005), whereas that of denervated eyes decreased significantly after @entity870 instillation compared with before administration (P < 0.005). Light microscopy showed that the cytoplasm of acinar cells was packed with secretory granules in denervated LG tissue 7 days after parasympathectomy. The same finding was observed 3 hours after @entity870 instillation. @entity870 had no stimulatory effect on protein release by acinar cells in LG fragments at all concentrations tested. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity870 has no direct effect on tear fluid secretion from the LG in an acute model. Instead, @entity870 increases reflex tear flow.

title: Neurologic evaluation of acute lacrimomimetic effect of @entity205 in an experimental XXXX dry eye model.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['vehicle-treated eyes']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have suggested that a smaller glans penis size may be associated with a higher likelihood of complications after @entity2650 repair. Accurate identification of risk factors other than the well-understood variable of meatal location would allow development of better prognostic models and individualized risk stratification. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a smaller width of the glans penis predicts adverse outcomes after @entity2650 surgery. METHODS: Prospectively recorded clinical data were reviewed from a single-institution registry of @entity2650 repairs performed between 2011 and 2014. Follow-up records were examined for occurrence of complications. Urethroplasty complications were defined to include @entity850 , dehiscence, urethrocutaneous fistula, urethral stricture, and/or urethral diverticulum. The subset of @entity850 and dehiscence were regarded as @entity532 . Regression analyses were performed to determine association between glans width and occurrence of complications. Because pre-operative @entity342 stimulation is known to increase glans penis size, separate subgroup analyses were included of @entity1 with and without pre-operative use of @entity251 cream. RESULTS: A total of 159 @entity1 met criteria for inclusion in the study cohort: 140 @entity1 underwent a single-stage repair, while 19 @entity1 had a two-stage repair. The median glans penis width was 15  mm (range 10-22). Eighty-four @entity1 (53%) received @entity251 cream pre-operatively and had a significantly wider glans penis than the 75 @entity1 who did not (median 15.5 vs 14  mm; P  <  0.001). Median clinical follow-up was 7 months (IQR 1-12), with a minimum time elapsed since surgery of 10  months at the time of chart review. Twenty-four @entity1 (15%) had one or more urethroplasty complications, including 11 (7%) with @entity532 . Overall, there was no statistically significant association between glans width and urethroplasty complications (P  =  0.26) or @entity532 (P  =  0.90) (Summary Table). Subgroup analyses of @entity1 with and without pre-operative @entity251 also revealed no significant associations between glans width and complications. CONCLUSIONS: Glans penis width was not a risk factor for complications after @entity2650 repair. This finding differs from the results of other recent studies and encourages further research into the value of measuring penile parameters in @entity1 undergoing @entity2650 repair.

title: Is glans penis width a risk factor for complications after XXXX repair?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['glanular complications']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['meatal stenosis']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: Class A scavenger receptors ( @entity13242 ) participate in multiple macrophage functions including macrophage adhesion to modified proteins. @entity13242 -mediated adhesion may therefore contribute to chronic @entity32 by promoting macrophage accumulation at sites of protein modification. The mechanisms that couple @entity13242 binding to modified proteins with increased cell adhesion have not been defined. In this study, @entity13242 expressing HEK cells and @entity13242 +/+ or @entity13242 -/- macrophages were used to delineate the signaling pathways required for @entity13242 -mediated adhesion to modified protein. Inhibiting G(i/o) activation, which decreases initial @entity13242 -mediated cell attachment, did not prevent the subsequent spreading of attached cells. In contrast, inhibition of Src kinases or PI3-kinase abolished @entity13242 -dependent cell spreading without affecting @entity13242 -mediated cell attachment. Consistent with these results, the Src kinase @entity18226 and PI3-kinase were sequentially activated during @entity13242 -mediated cell spreading. Furthermore, activation of both @entity18226 and PI3-kinase was required for enhancing paxillin phosphorylation. Activation of a Src kinase-PI3-kinase- @entity584 pathway was also observed in cells expressing a truncated @entity13242 protein that does not internalize indicating that @entity13242 -mediated activation of intracellular signaling cascades following adhesion to @entity1865 -BSA is independent of receptor internalization. Thus @entity13242 binding to modified protein activates signaling cascades that have distinct roles in regulating initial cell attachment and subsequent cell spreading.

title: Class A scavenger receptor-mediated cell adhesion requires the sequential activation of XXXX and PI3-kinase.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity18226 :: (4067,Gene) :: ['Lyn']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the design and baseline population characteristics of an adapted lifestyle intervention trial aimed at reducing weight and increasing physical activity in @entity1 of Indian and Pakistani origin at high risk of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 . DESIGN: Cluster, randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Community-based in Edinburgh and Glasgow, Scotland, UK. @entity1 : 156 families, comprising 171 @entity1 with @entity73 , and waist sizes >= 90 cm ( @entity1 ) and >= 80 cm ( @entity1 ), plus 124 family volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: Families were randomised into either an intensive intervention of 15 dietitian visits providing lifestyle advice, or a light (control) intervention of four visits, over a period of 3 years. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome is a change in mean weight between baseline and 3 years. Secondary outcomes are changes in waist, hip, body mass index, plasma blood @entity413 and physical activity. The cost of the intervention will be measured. Qualitative work will seek to understand factors that motivated participation and retention in the trial and families' experience of adhering to the interventions. RESULTS: Between July 2007 and October 2009, 171 @entity1 with @entity73 , along with 124 family volunteers, were randomised. In total, 95% (171/196) of eligible @entity1 agreed to proceed to the 3-year trial. Only 13 of the 156 families contained more than one recruit with @entity73 . We have recruited sufficient @entity1 to undertake an adequately powered trial to detect a mean difference in weight of 2.5 kg between the intensive and light intervention groups at the 5% significance level. Over half the families include family volunteers. The main @entity1 have a mean age of 52 years and 64% are @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Prevention of @entity6 in South Asians (PODOSA) is one of the first community-based, randomised lifestyle intervention trials in a UK South Asian population. The main trial results will be submitted for publication during 2013. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current controlled trials ISRCTN25729565 (http://www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/).

title: Design and baseline characteristics of the PODOSA (Prevention of @entity6 in South Asians) trial: a cluster, randomised lifestyle intervention in Indian and Pakistani adults with @entity73 at high risk of developing XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes _ Obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired glycaemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: During the eight-year-period from 1968 to 1975 14 @entity1 have been operated on because of @entity31 . A severe, or fulminant, @entity1960 attack was the cause in 48 of these. Most of these @entity1 had been referred from other hospitals. Eight died, six having had a bowel perforation prior to operation, the others having received protracted conservative treatment and came to operation very late. Five of the @entity1 were more than 58 years old. The indications for elective operations were chronic severe symptoms and/or risk of malignant change. In a conservatively treated @entity1 material and with total involvement of their @entity1960 , the cumulative risk of @entity5 after 30 years follow-up was over 35%. The mortaility in elective surgery was 3%; are all @entity1 up to 1977 included the mortaility is less than 2%. Ileo-rectoanastomoses gave very poor long-term results. @entity1 with an ileostomy have shown themselves to be well adjusted both socially and psychologically. There are, however, some risk of @entity458 .

title: The surgical treatment of XXXX . Indications for surgery and results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual disturbances']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Although variation in radioactive iodine (RAI) use for @entity259 has been demonstrated, the role of region and nonclinical correlates of use within risk groups has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the correlates of RAI use within risk groups. DESIGN/SETTING/ @entity1 : Use of RAI was evaluated across 9 US regions in 85 948 @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity259 diagnosed between 2004 and 2008 at 986 hospitals associated with the US National @entity5 Database. @entity5 were then categorized as low risk ( @entity5 size  <= 1 cm and American Joint Committee on @entity5 stage I disease), medium risk (neither low nor high-risk), and high risk (American Joint Committee on @entity5 stage III or IV). Within each risk stratum, the role of region and nonclinical correlates of RAI use were evaluated using hierarchical logistic regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Use of RAI was measured. RESULTS: Rates of RAI use varied across geographic regions from 49% to 66%. Regional differences persisted after controlling for @entity1 and hospital characteristics and evaluating less vs more intensive regions within low-risk [odds ratio (OR) 0.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25-0.53)], medium-risk [OR 0.23 (95% CI 0.16-0.34)], and high-risk cancers [OR 0.30 (95% CI 0.19-0.49)]. Patterns of RAI use were similar in medium- and high-risk @entity1 . The most nonclinical correlates of use were in low-risk @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Similar treatment patterns for the heterogeneous medium-risk @entity259 @entity1 compared with the high-risk @entity1 suggest more intensive management in @entity1 with medium-risk disease. The large number of nonclinical correlates of RAI use, including region, imply controversy over indications for RAI.

title: Disease severity and radioactive iodine use for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancers', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: To ascertain the effect of extreme @entity2944 on perinatal @entity75 , 7-d-postnatal @entity35 were exposed to unilateral common @entity432 followed by @entity519 with 8% @entity26 combined with 3, 12, or 15% @entity544 ( @entity515 ) for 2 h at 37 degrees C. Survivors underwent neuropathologic examination at 30 d of postnatal age, and their brains were characterized as follows: 0 = normal; 1 = mild @entity194 ; 2 = moderate @entity194 ; 3 = @entity1188 with external dimensions <3 mm; and 4 = @entity1188 with external dimensions >3 mm. The width of the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the @entity432 also was determined on a posterior coronal section and compared with that of the contralateral hemisphere to ascertain the severity of @entity194 . @entity515 tensions averaged 5.08, 11.1, and 13.2 kPa in the 3, 12, and 15% @entity515 -exposed animals, respectively, during @entity519 - @entity63 (HI). Neuropathologic results showed that immature @entity35 exposed to 3 and 12% @entity515 had similar severities of @entity75 . In contrast, @entity35 pups exposed to HI combined with 15% @entity515 were significantly more brain damaged than littermates exposed to 3% @entity515 . Specifically, eight of 14 animals exposed to 15% @entity515 showed @entity1188 (grades 3 and 4), whereas none of 14 littermates exposed to 3% @entity515 developed @entity1188 (p < 0.01). Analyses of coronal width ratios at each @entity515 exposure provided results comparable with those of the gross neuropathology scores. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), measured at 90 min of HI, was lowest in those immature @entity35 exposed to 15% @entity515 compared with control (p = 0.04), with higher values in those @entity35 pups exposed to 3 and 12% @entity515 . The findings indicate that 7-d-postnatal @entity35 exposed to HI with superimposed 12% @entity515 are neither less nor more brain damaged than littermates exposed to 3% @entity515 (normocapnia). In contrast, animals exposed to 15% @entity515 are the most brain damaged of the three groups. Presumably, extreme @entity2944 produces more severe @entity65 than is seen in animals subjected to lesser degrees of @entity2944 ; the @entity65 , in turn, leads to greater @entity2806 and ultimate @entity75 .

title: Effect of extreme @entity2944 on XXXX in the immature @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cystic infarct', 'cystic infarcts']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy/cavitation', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular depression']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage']


abstract: @entity3069 complex (MAC) @entity358 with nodules and @entity4595 is increasing. But the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy for diagnosis and the significance of MAC isolation from respiratory secretions are still unclear. For a 4-yr period, we prospectively examined the role of bronchoscopy with bronchial washing and transbronchial lung biopsy in 26 @entity1 who had clusters of small nodules in the periphery of the lung associated with ectatic changes of the draining bronchi on the CT scan. None of them was infected with @entity1 @entity465 virus. Thirteen of the 26 @entity1 (50%) had cultures positive for MAC, six in the sputum and 13 in the bronchial washing. Epithelioid @entity738 was demonstrated in eight of 13 @entity1 with culture-positive MAC and in two of 13 @entity1 in whom MAC was culture-negative. Rapidly growing mycobacteria were cultured in the two @entity1 . Seven of the eight biopsy-positive @entity1 received treatment and responded by sputum conversion and/or radiographic improvement. We found that the CT finding was a useful clue to suspect @entity358 and that the bronchial washing was more sensitive than the routine expectorated sputum for MAC isolation. Demonstration of @entity738 in more than half of the MAC-positive @entity1 would suggest that MAC may have invaded the lung tissue rather than colonized in the airways.

title: Yield of computed tomography and bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of XXXX @entity358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['MAC pulmonary disease', 'pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We performed retrospective analysis of 106 @entity1 with @entity2 for which @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded tissues was available. Their @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation status and treatment outcomes are described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 with confirmed @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) during Jan 2008 to Dec 2010 were included. @entity470 sequencing was performed with ABI PRISM 310 genetic analyzer. RESULTS: Forty-two (39.6%) @entity1 had mutation in one of the four exons characterized. @entity1 whose @entity470 mutational status was not available at presentation before the start of treatment were started on chemotherapy, n = 46 (43.39%). If @entity470 mutational analysis was available and mutations were present, the @entity1 were started on either upfront @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI), n = 15 (14.15%) or if on chemotherapy arm were allowed to finish six cycles and then start with maintenance TKIs, n = 26 (24.52%). The median progression free survival for @entity1 with and without mutations was 11 months (95% CI,7-14) and 9 months (95% CI,7-10) respectively. A median PFS of 14 months (95%CI, 12-16) was seen in the mutation-positive group that received both chemotherapy followed by switch maintenance with TKIs versus 8 months (95%CI, 7-8 months) in the group that received only TKI. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity470 mutations in this population of @entity1149 @entity1 was 39.6% with exon 19 mutation being the most common. The observed benefit of addition of chemotherapy over TKI in @entity470 mutation-positive group raises the question, can we offer the therapy of chemotherapy-TKI combination to @entity470 mutation-positive @entity2 @entity1 as shown in the present study.

title: Clinicopathologic features of XXXX in India and correlation with @entity470 mutational status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: During brain development, excess neurons that are formed die by apoptosis. @entity41365 was recently identified as the gene defective in juvenile Batten disease, an @entity14827 of childhood. In this disease, neurons die by apoptosis. Overexpression of this gene increases survival of @entity1 NT2 neuronal precursor cells. We, therefore, hypothesized that @entity41365 may be present in developing neurons and may play an important role in regulating the developmental process. NT2 neuronal cells were induced to develop into mature neurons. We evaluated @entity41365 expression by reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemistry over a 7-wk period of differentiation. Also, @entity41365 expression was characterized in neonatal @entity35 brain during the first week of life ( @entity10298 , P4, and P8) and at P30. @entity41365 was differentially expressed during neuronal development into nondividing post-mitotic neurons. The greatest expression was noted during wk 6 and then dropped to predifferentiation levels during wk 7. @entity41365 expression was detected in all the @entity35 brain developmental stages evaluated. The greatest expression was seen at P0 and was double compared with the other stages. We conclude that @entity41365 is present during critical periods of neuronal cell differentiation and brain development. As @entity41365 is antiapoptotic, we hypothesize that @entity41365 plays an important role in regulating brain development. These findings may have implications for identifying strategies aimed at neuroprotection and neuronal survival during development.

title: Expression of cln3 in XXXX NT2 neuronal precursor cells and neonatal @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['inherited neurodegenerative disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Over an 18-month period nine @entity1 in a neonatal intensive care unit developed @entity101 (blood pressure, 115/88 to 280/140 mm Hg) at 2 to 45 days of age. Eight of the nine @entity1 had indwelling umbilical artery catheters prior to onset of @entity101 ; six of the nine @entity1 had evidence of a @entity2461 . Peripheral plasma @entity916 activity was greater than 300 ng/ml/3 hr in six of eight @entity1 . Angiograms were abnormal in six of seven @entity1 and computerized renal scans were abnormal in all nine @entity1 . One @entity1 had @entity2791 . Eight of nine @entity1 had evidence of unilateral or bilateral renal artery thrombi which were felt to have emanated from an umbilical artery catheter or a ductus arteriosus. @entity101 in all @entity1 was successfully controlled medically (follow-up of 3 to 27 months; mean, 14.4 months). Blood pressures remained normal when medication was discontinued. In our experience, neonatal @entity2792 is no longer uncommon, responds to aggressive medical management, and rarely requires early nephrectomy. @entity2792 was usually associated with umbilical artery catheters positioned above the level of the renal arteries.

title: Nonsurgical management of XXXX in the neonate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension', 'Neonatal renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['congenital renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: Our laboratory was contacted by a family living directly above a @entity95 farm. Both their @entity1 had developed a kerion, in consequence of a misdiagnosed superficial @entity3217 . This study was designed to demonstrate a link between the two kerion cases and the environmental contamination. The degree of contamination was estimated and factors favourising the spread of infection were determined. Dermatophytes were isolated from various environmental sites using Rodac plates. For direct sampling of scalp and fur the brushing technique was used. The farm and home environment initially showed a severe contamination by @entity12736 . At the farm, cages and surfaces covered with @entity95 hair were strongly contaminated. As for the home environment, the @entity235 's basket and clothes from the mother carried a large number of spores. @entity12736 was identified as responsible agent for the @entity1 's kerions and the lesions of the @entity95 . Mother, eldest @entity1 and @entity235 seemed to be excellent carriers. Cleaning and disinfection measures resulted in a reduction of the overall contamination. The home environment was no longer a source of contamination. Nevertheless, on the farm a fair number of dermatophytes could still be isolated from the wire meshes and roof beams covered with fluff.

title: XXXX of @entity95 origin causing family incidence of kerion: an environmental study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity12736 :: ('523103', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton mentagrophytes']

answer: @entity12736 :: (523103,Species) :: ['Trichophyton mentagrophytes']


abstract: Advanced @entity731 is often associated with @entity730 , which may contribute to @entity397 and @entity715 . In this work, the localization and association of the noncollagenous bone matrix proteins osteonectin, @entity1096 , and osteocalcin with @entity730 , lipoproteins, @entity715 / @entity548 (T/H), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in @entity1 carotid arteries from endarterectomy samples have been determined. According to the recent American Heart Association classification, 6 of the advanced lesions studied were type V ( @entity1856 ) and 16 type VI (complicated). Osteonectin, osteocalcin, and @entity1096 were identified by monoclonal antibodies IIIA(3)A(8), G12, and MPIIIB10(1) and antiserum LF-123. Apolipoprotein (apo) AI, B, and E; lipoprotein(a); fibrinogen; fibrin; fragment D/D-dimer; @entity1476 (gelatinase A); and @entity1549 (stromelysin-1) were identified with previously characterized antibodies. @entity78 deposits (von Kossa's stain) were present in 82% of samples (3 type V and 15 type VI). Osteonectin was localized in endothelial cells, SMCs, and macrophages and was associated with @entity460 deposits in 33% of type V and 88% of @entity19355 . @entity1096 was distributed similarly to osteonectin and was associated with @entity460 deposits in 50% of type V and 94% of @entity19355 . Osteocalcin was localized in large calcified areas only (in 17% of type V and 38% of @entity19355 ). @entity755 colocalized with @entity165 crystals and @entity460 deposits. Lipoprotein(a) was localized in the intima, subintima, and plaque shoulder. Fibrin (T/H) colocalized with bone matrix proteins in 33% of type V and 69% of @entity19355 . @entity1549 was cytoplasmic in most cells and colocalized with @entity460 and fibrin deposits. @entity1476 was less often associated with @entity730 . The results of this study show that osteonectin, @entity1096 , and osteocalcin colocalized with @entity460 deposits with @entity755 , fibrin, and @entity1549 in advanced, symptomatic @entity66 . These data suggest that the occurrence of T/H might contribute to @entity729 in the progression and complications of @entity731 .

title: Noncollagenous bone matrix proteins, @entity730 , and XXXX in carotid artery @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic calcification', 'calcification']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity1096 :: ('6696', 'Gene') :: ['osteopontin', 'Osteopontin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity19355 :: ('MESH:D005077', 'Disease') :: ['type VI lesions']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroatheroma']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic arterial calcification']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Mistletoe extracts are often used in @entity5 therapy although the efficacy of that therapy is controversially discussed. Approved mistletoe extracts contain mainly water soluble compounds of the mistletoe plant, i.e. mistletoe lectins. However, mistletoe also contains water-insoluble @entity14521 (mainly @entity21242 ) that have anti-tumorigenic effects. To overcome their loss in watery extracts we have solubilized mistletoe @entity14521 with cyclodextrins, thus making them available for in vivo @entity5 experiments. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: B16.F10 subcutaneous @entity320 /6 @entity19 were treated with new mistletoe extracts containing both water soluble compounds and solubilized @entity14521 . @entity5 growth and survival was monitored. In addition, histological examinations of the @entity5 material and @entity5 surrounding tissue were performed. RESULTS: Addition of solubilized @entity14521 increased the anti- @entity5 effects of the mistletoe extracts, resulting in reduced @entity5 growth and prolonged survival of the @entity19 . Histological examination of the treated @entity5 showed mainly @entity5 @entity39 and some apoptotic cells with active @entity185 and TUNEL staining. A significant decrease of @entity5231 -positive @entity5 blood vessels was observed after treatment with solubilized @entity14521 and different mistletoe extracts. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the addition of solubilized mistletoe @entity14521 to conventional mistletoe extracts improves the efficacy of mistletoe treatment and may represent a novel treatment option for @entity320 .

title: @entity14521 amplify anti-tumoral effects of mistletoe extracts on @entity19 B16.f10 XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'complementary cancer', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14521 :: ('CHEBI:36615', 'Chemical') :: ['triterpenoids']

entities_list: @entity21242 :: ('MESH:D009828', 'Chemical') :: ['oleanolic acid']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma', 'melanoma bearing C57BL']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The study sought a diagnostic clue to identify the group of pediatric @entity1 with apparent @entity1987 who subsequently develop @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Review of all renal biopsy material at our institutions identified 42 pediatric @entity1 who met the standard criteria for @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) on initial biopsies. Of those, 10 deteriorated clinically and on rebiopsy showed @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The initial renal biopsies of these 10 @entity1 were analyzed morphometrically to determine the mean glomerular tuft area (GA). The results were compared to those of the remaining 32 @entity1 whose subsequent benign clinical course was consistent with @entity1987 , and to randomly selected, age-matched autopsy controls without @entity8 (CONT, N = 10). The mean age was comparable among the three groups studied. Separate groups of adult (N = 12) and pediatric (N = 18) @entity1 with initial biopsies with @entity8 were also studied. The initial biopsy of pediatric @entity1 who subsequently showed @entity8 (rebiopsy performed on average 3.3 years later) had an average GA of 13.5 x 10(-3) mm2, 76% larger than glomeruli from @entity1 with @entity1987 (7.7 x 10(-3) mm2, P less than 0.0005) and 62% larger than CONT (8.4 x 10(-3) mm2, P less than 0.005). @entity1 with @entity8 on initial biopsy, whether adult or pediatric, also had significantly larger GA than the age-matched @entity1987 or CONT groups. Evaluation of GA in all the 42 pediatric biopsies with initial @entity1987 further showed that in 23 @entity1 GA was equal to or smaller than the CONT average.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in @entity1987 predicts subsequent progression to @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['FGS', 'focal glomerular sclerosis', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'minimal change disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Glomerular hypertrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Liver @entity3 represent the principal cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Injection of resin microspheres (SIR Spheres)--containing the beta-emitter, yttrium-90--into the arterial supply of the liver can cause radioembolization of @entity3 . This treatment has not been tested with the radiosensitizing chemotherapy, @entity901 , which appears synergistic in the treatment of @entity14 when combined with @entity1487 and @entity4181 (FOLFOX). @entity1 AND METHODS: A phase I study of SIR-Spheres therapy with modified FOLFOX4 systemic chemotherapy was conducted in @entity1 with inoperable liver @entity3 from @entity14 who had not previously received chemotherapy for metastatic disease. @entity901 (30 to 85 mg/m2) was administered for the first three cycles with full FOLFOX4 doses from cycle 4 until cycle 12. The primary end point was @entity137 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were enrolled onto the study. Five @entity1 experienced National @entity5 Institute (NCI; Bethesda, MD) grade 3 @entity490 , two of whom had microsphere-induced @entity2275 . The dose-limiting @entity137 was grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 , which was recorded in 12 @entity1 . One episode of transient grade 3 hepatotoxicity was recorded. Mean splenic volume increased by 92% following 6 months of protocol therapy. Partial responses were demonstrated in 18 @entity1 and stable disease in two @entity1 . Two @entity1 underwent partial hepatic resection following protocol therapy. Median progression-free survival was 9.3 months, and median time to progression in the liver was 12.3 months. CONCLUSION: The maximum-tolerated dose was 60 mg/m2 of @entity901 for the first three cycles, with full FOLFOX4 doses thereafter. This chemoradiation regime merits evaluation in phase II-III trials.

title: Radioembolization of liver @entity3 from XXXX using yttrium-90 microspheres with concomitant systemic @entity901 , @entity1487 , and @entity4181 chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: STUDY AIM: The aim of this prospective study was to report the results of 100 consecutive video-endoscopic parathyroidectomies in @entity1 suspected of having a single @entity652 . @entity1 AND METHOD: From March 1997 to September 2000, 80 females and 20 males (mean age: 49.5 years) were operated on. They were selected on the basis of the following criteria: preoperative imaging in favour of a single @entity652 , absence of @entity5651 and no prior neck dissection. The technique required three trocars; one 5 mm trocar inserted through the middle line of the neck for the 0-degree 5 mm endoscope, and two 3 mm trocars inserted laterally in order to perform a bilateral exploration. The neck was inflated to 10 mm Hg pressure with a low flow (3 L/min). RESULTS: Exploration was unilateral, bilateral and interrupted respectively in 52, 45 and 3% of the cases. The reasons for stopping were: an incidentally discovered @entity259 ; moderate @entity548 occurring from an anterior jugular vein after introduction of a lateral trocar; and a too-short neck. @entity8611 were found in 86% of the @entity1 (84 single @entity652 , one double @entity652 , one @entity1373 of the four glands). In 14% of the cases, the exploration was unsuccessful. A horizontal cervicotomy was required in 15% of the cases (14 negative explorations and one @entity1373 of the four glands). No intraoperative or @entity260 occurred. The mean hospital stay was 24 hours. After 3-month follow-up, the serum @entity460 level was normal in 96% of the cases and cosmetic results were excellent. CONCLUSION: A video-endoscopic approach for parathyroidectomy is feasible and safe. With sufficient experience, a bilateral and complete exploration of the neck is possible. Therefore this technique represents a good alternative to the traditional cervicotomy in @entity1 with @entity66 .

title: [Videoendoscopic approach for parathyroid adenomas: results of a prospective study of 100 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['uniglandular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['Parathyroid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To identify predictors of large and small for gestational age in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: A retrospective audit of clinical data analysed for singleton births in @entity1 diagnosed with gestational @entity6 in Pregnancy Society guidelines from 1994 to 2009. Exclusions were: incomplete data, delivered at < 36 weeks gestation and/or last recorded weight > 4 weeks pre-delivery. We assessed: pre-pregnancy BMI, ethnicity, total maternal @entity1017 , @entity1017 before and after treatment initiation for gestational @entity6 , HbA(1c) at @entity6677 and treatment modality (diet or insulin) and smoking. Birthweight was assessed using customized percentile charts (large for gestational age > 90th; small for gestational age < 10th percentile). Multiple regression analyses were undertaken; statistical significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS: There were 1695 @entity1 first seen at (mean    sd) 28.1    5.3 weeks gestation (range 6-39). Ethnic mix was South-East Asian 36.7%, Middle Eastern 27.6%, European 22.4%, Indian/Pakistani 8.6%, Samoan 1.9%, African 1.5% and Maori 1.1%. Therapy was diet 69.1% and insulin 30.9%. Mean total @entity1017 was 12.3    6.1 kg, the majority (10.6    6.0 kg), gained before dietary intervention. There were 7.9% small for gestational age and 15.2% large for gestational age births. Significant independent large for gestational age predictors were: @entity1017 before intervention, pre-pregnancy BMI, @entity1017 after intervention and treatment type, but not HbA1c or smoking. Significant small for gestational age predictors were: @entity1017 before intervention, @entity1017 after intervention, but not pre-pregnancy BMI, HbA(1c) or smoking. CONCLUSION: Conventional treatment for @entity6 concentrates on management of blood @entity413 levels. The trends identified here emphasize the need to also address pregnancy @entity1017 stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI.

title: Predictors of large and small for gestational age birthweight in offspring of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes presentation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'diabetes by Australasian Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apoptosis or programmed cell death has been shown to play an important role in the progression from @entity1127 . Fas/ @entity1197 is a cell surface protein that can induce apoptosis in a variety of cell types upon specific binding. In this study seven @entity1 @entity14 (HCRC) cell lines of varying differentiation were analyzed for cell surface Fas expression. Fas-mediated apoptosis, and correlation of apoptosis with @entity588 expression. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using flow cytometry, all seven lines expressed varying amounts of cell surface @entity1197 . Exposure to anti-Fas antibody induced cell death in all the cell lines, albeit to varying degrees. The rate of apoptosis was quantitated using flow cytometry with @entity2667 staining of nuclear DNA. The poorly differentiated cell lines had a significantly decreased (p < 0.05) anti-Fas sensitivity as compared with the well-differentiated lines. Measurement of @entity588 expression by flow cytometry showed an inverse correlation with anti-Fas sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that HCRC cell lines express @entity1197 and, more importantly, provides the first evidence that exposure to anti-Fas antibody can induce apoptosis. Fas-mediated apoptosis in HCRC cell lines may be regulated by @entity588 and may correlate with the degree of differentiation.

title: Apoptosis induced in XXXX @entity14 by anti-Fas antibody.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps to carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) play essential roles as molecular chaperones in cells to assist in the repair of degenerated proteins. The expression of HSPs in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) following insult has not been delineated. The objective of this study was to clarify the serial changes in @entity1879 expression in PMNLs from @entity130 @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty severely injured @entity1 (mean Injury Severity Score of 31.8 +/- 10.8) and 17 healthy volunteers were included as study subjects. Blood samples were serially obtained at three time points: days 0 to 1, days 2 to 5, and days 6 to 14 after the @entity130 event. We measured expressions of @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 in permeabilized PMNLs by flow cytometry using a monoclonal antibody generated against each @entity1879 and @entity2822 -conjugated antimouse immunoglobulins as secondary reagents. We also evaluated the expression of @entity2285 mRNA in PMNLs by Northern blot hybridization and the expression of @entity2285 in PMNLs by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: Expressions of @entity2284 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 in PMNLs from @entity130 @entity1 were significantly greater than in PMNLs from healthy volunteers in all three periods (days 0-1, days 2-5, and days 6-14). The expression of @entity11217 in PMNLs from @entity130 @entity1 was significantly greater than normal expression on days 2 to 5 and days 6 to 14. The values for @entity2284 , @entity11217 , and @entity2285 on days 2 to 5 were significantly higher than those on days 0 to 1. The expression of @entity2285 mRNA in PMNLs was significantly enhanced for as long as 2 weeks after @entity130 compared with that in normal volunteers. CONCLUSION: Severe @entity130 causes demonstrated enhanced expression of HSPs in PMNLs during the acute phase. This enhanced expression of HSPs may regulate PMNL functions.

title: Enhanced expression of @entity1457 proteins in leukocytes from XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy can lead to @entity293 in 3% to 11% and @entity295 in 0.1% to 5% of @entity1 . We investigated the efficacy of rectal cleansing with @entity4279 before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy to reduce @entity166 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2009 and 2011, 865 @entity1 were prospectively randomized to rectal cleansing (421) or no cleansing (444) before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. @entity1 received @entity2177 prophylaxis and rectal swab cultures were obtained before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. @entity1 completed a telephone interview 7 days after undergoing the biopsy. The primary end point was the rate of @entity166 , a composite end point of 1 or more of 1) fever greater than 38.0C, 2) urinary tract infection or 3) @entity295 (standardized definition). Chi-square significance testing was performed for differences between groups and a multivariate analysis was performed to assess risk factors for @entity166 . RESULTS: Infectious complications were observed in 31 (3.5%) @entity1 , including 11 (2.6%) treated and 20 (4.5%) control @entity1 (p = 0.15). @entity295 was observed in 4 (1.0%) treated and 7 (1.6%) control @entity1 (p = 0.55). On multivariate analysis resistance to @entity2177 in the rectal swab culture (p = 0.002) and a history of taking @entity2177 in the 3 months preceding transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (p = 0.009) predicted @entity166 . CONCLUSIONS: Rectal cleansing with @entity4279 before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy was safe, but the 42% relative risk reduction of @entity166 was not statistically significant. @entity1 who have received @entity2177 within 3 months of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy should be considered for alternate prophylaxis or possibly a delay of biopsy beyond 3 months.

title: A prospective randomized trial of XXXX prophylactic cleansing of the rectum before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity4279 :: (MESH:D011206,Chemical) :: ['povidone-iodine']