abstract: BACKGROUND: A unique and essential property of embryonic stem cells is the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. However, the possible differences in proliferation and differentiation capabilities among independently-derived @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are not well known because of insufficient characterization. To address this question, a side-by-side comparison of 1) the ability to maintain an undifferentiated state and to self-renew under standard conditions; 2) the ability to spontaneously differentiate into three primary embryonic germ lineages in differentiating embryoid bodies; and 3) the responses to directed neural differentiation was made between three NIH registered hES cell lines I3 (TE03), I6 ( @entity17860 ) and BG01V. Lines I3 and I6 possess normal XX and a normal XY karyotype while BG01V is a variant cell line with an abnormal karyotype derived from the karyotypically normal cell line BG01. RESULTS: Using immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and MPSS, we found that all three cell lines actively proliferated and expressed similar "stemness" markers including transcription factors @entity4729 / @entity4729 and @entity2440 , glycolipids SSEA4 and TRA-1-81, and alkaline phosphatase activity. All cell lines differentiated into three embryonic germ lineages in embryoid bodies and into neural cell lineages when cultured in neural differentiation medium. However, a profound variation in colony morphology, growth rate, @entity1603 incorporation, and relative abundance of gene expression in undifferentiated and differentiated states of the cell lines was observed. Undifferentiated I3 cells grew significantly slower but their differentiation potential was greater than I6 and BG01V. Under the same neural differentiation-promoting conditions, the ability of each cell line to differentiate into neural progenitors varied. CONCLUSION: Our comparative analysis provides further evidence for similarities and differences between three hESC lines in self-renewal, and spontaneous and directed differentiation. These differences may be associated with inherited variation in the sex, stage, quality and genetic background of embryos used for hESC line derivation, and/or changes acquired during passaging in culture.

title: Self-renewal and differentiation capabilities are variable between XXXX embryonic stem cell lines I3, I6 and BG01V.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Limited information exists comparing @entity5023 / @entity10453 combination (FSC) versus montelukast ( @entity24175 ) in @entity1 with coexistent @entity565 and @entity2023 . The purpose of this study was to compare the addition of @entity24175 to @entity1 receiving FSC on @entity565 control while experiencing @entity565 and @entity566 symptoms. Additionally, the effect of @entity5023 aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) and @entity24175 were assessed in @entity2023 control. Symptomatic @entity1 (n = 1385) with @entity565 and @entity2023 were randomized to receive FSC, 100/50 micrograms twice daily; FSC twice daily + FPANS, 200 micrograms once daily; FSC twice daily + @entity24175 , 10 mg once daily; or @entity24175 once daily for 4 weeks during the @entity2023 season. @entity1 recorded peak expiratory flow, rescue @entity3045 use, and @entity565 and @entity2490 symptoms. No additional improvements in overall @entity565 control were seen when @entity24175 was added to FSC. Treatment with FSC produced significant (p < 0.001) improvements in all clinical and @entity1 -reported measures versus @entity24175 . FSC + FPANS was superior to FSC + @entity24175 (p < or = 0.001) in improving daytime and nighttime total nasal symptom scores. Adverse events were similar. In @entity1 with @entity565 and @entity2023 , adding @entity24175 to FSC provided no additional benefit in @entity565 control. FSC resulted in superior improvement in @entity565 control compared with @entity24175 . FPANS also provided superior nasal symptom control versus @entity24175 in @entity56 @entity1 treated with FSC for @entity565 . Optimal disease control in @entity1 with @entity565 and @entity2023 should be achieved by the most effective therapy directed toward each disease component.

title: Adding montelukast to @entity5023 / @entity10453 for control of XXXX and @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergy pollen', 'seasonal allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: This report studies the principal causes of maternal death at Harare Maternity Hospital. In 1983 the maternal mortality rate for the greater Harare unit was 52/100,000 compared to 11.9/100,000 for England and Wales. @entity295 , @entity548 , @entity5852 and @entity101 disease accounted for 78.5% of the @entity204 . 12 of the @entity204 were due to @entity295 , 8 of which had normal vaginal delivery and 4 were delivered by Caesarian section. 3 @entity1 died within 48 hours of delivery. @entity548 was most commonly a result of @entity397 . Avoidable factors were considered present in all cases. Delay in diagnosis, availability of blood or performing laparotomy was evident in 4 of 5 who died from @entity397 ; 2 were due to @entity3126 from excessive transfusion, and 2 were attributable to the @entity1 (refusal of transfusion, attempt to self abort.) @entity5852 occurred in 9 @entity1 , most of whom were septicemic on admission. 8 @entity1 died from @entity101 disease, 7 of which were eclamptic. Reduction in mortality has gone from 34% (1976) to 23.7% (1983) for @entity295 and can be affected by encouraging @entity1 to book for antenatal care. An observed increase in hemorrhagic @entity204 since 1976 may reflect a decreased staff- @entity1 ratio at Harare Maternity Hospital. @entity5852 mortality has decreased from 32% (1976) to 17.7% (1983). Reduction in @entity204 from @entity101 disease necessitates prediction and early detection. Value of a post-mortem exam in all cases of maternal death is stressed.

title: The prevention of maternal XXXX : a continuing challenge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Puerperal sepsis', 'puerperal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['post-abortal sepsis', 'Post-abortal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured uterus']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are rare, and data on their management is limited. We here report the clinicopathological characteristics, different surgical treatments, and long-term prognosis of @entity674 . METHODS: Data of 74 consecutive @entity1 with @entity674 in a single institution from June 2000 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence/ @entity3 -free survival rates of 74 cases were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Out of 74 cases, 42 cases were female (56.76  %) and 32 cases (43.24  %) were male. Approximately 22.97, 47.30, 16.22, and 13.51  % of the @entity5 originated in the first to fourth portion of the duodenum, respectively, with a @entity5 size of 5.08        2.90  cm. @entity1 presented with @entity360 (n   =   37, 50.00  %), @entity490 (n   =   25, 33.78  %), mass (n   =   5, 6.76  %), and others (n   =   7, 9.76  %). A total of 18 @entity1 (24.3  %) underwent wedge resection (WR); 39 @entity1 (52.7  %) underwent segmental resection (SR); and 17 cases (23  %) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The median follow-up was 56  months (1-159 months); 19 @entity1 (25.68  %) experienced @entity5 recurrence or @entity3 , and 14 cases (18.92  %) died. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence/ @entity3 -free survival rates were 93.9, 73.7, and 69  %, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS were 100, 92.5, and 86  %, respectively. The recurrence/ @entity3 -free survival rate in the PD group within 5  years was lower than that in the WR group (P   =   0.047), but was not different from that in the SR group (P   =   0.060). No statistically significant difference was found among the three operation types (P   =   0.294). CONCLUSIONS: @entity674 @entity1 have favorable prognosis after @entity5 should be determined by the @entity674 @entity5 location and size.

title: XXXX : clinicopathological characteristics, surgery, and long-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'complete tumor removal, and surgical procedures', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['DGIST', 'Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal anesthesia is the technique of choice in transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). The major complication of spinal technique is risk of @entity551 . Saddle block paralyzed pelvic muscles and sacral nerve roots and hemodynamic derangement is less. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the hemodynamic changes and adequate surgical condition between saddle block and @entity510 for TURP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety @entity1 of aged between 50 to 70 years of ASA-PS I, II scheduled for TURP were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 45 in each group. Group A @entity1 were received spinal (2 ml of hyperbaric @entity1341 ) and Group B were received saddle block (2 ml of hyperbaric @entity1341 ). Baseline systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, heart rate, @entity26 saturation were recorded and measured subsequently. The height of block was noted in both groups. @entity551 was corrected by administration of @entity2647 50 mcg bolus and total requirement of vasopressor was noted. Complications ( @entity1284 , @entity1069 etc.) were noted. RESULTS: Incidence of @entity551 and vasopressor requirement was less (P < 0.01) in Gr B @entity1 . Adequate surgical condition was achieved in both groups. There was no incidence of @entity1284 , @entity1069 , and @entity1494 . CONCLUSION: TURP can be safely performed under saddle block without @entity551 and less vasopressor requirement.

title: Regional anesthesia in transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) surgery: A comparative study between saddle block and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['TURP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder perforation']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid block']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid block']


abstract: We searched for @entity19 thymocyte surface proteins attached to the cell membrane through a @entity4357 (PI)-containing glycolipid similar to that identified in the T cell-activating @entity3512 glycoprotein. Our approach was to biochemically analyse the supernatants of 125I surface-labeled thymocytes treated with 60 U/ml of @entity794 PI-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). In addition to @entity3512 , two molecules of Mr 13,000 and 52,000 were found to be specifically solubilized by the enzymatic treatment. The 52,000 structure is a single basic polypeptide of Mr 50,000 under non-reducing conditions. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analyses resolved the 13,000 mol. wt molecules in three relatively basic components including (i) a monomeric molecule(s), a fraction of which exhibited slower migration in reducing gels, and (ii) @entity1520 -linked multimeric structures comprising a major component of Mr 30,000 and a minor one of Mr 45,000. These 52,000 and 13,000 mol. wt molecules could be released from thymocytes and @entity526 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated B cell blasts, but not from a variety of mature T cell populations. These data add new members to the list of PI-linked rodent lymphoid cell differentiation markers, which already includes three activation signal-transducing T cell molecules (i.e. @entity3512 , Ly-6-linked T cell-activating proteins, and @entity138 ).

title: Two novel phospholipid-linked XXXX thymocyte surface molecules released by @entity4357 -specific phospholipase C.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In an attempt to investigate the role of tissue fibrinolytic activity in the resolution of @entity1779 , an experimental model of @entity1779 was developed in the @entity35 . The fibrinolytic activity was studied using a histochemical fibrin slide technique. A total of 59 adult male @entity35 were studied. Twenty-nine @entity35 were used for developing the @entity1779 model via injection of autologous whole blood into the left frontal lobe; in the remaining 30 @entity35 , the @entity1779 were studied sequentially. Intracerebral @entity1410 formation was unsuccessful in six (21%) of 29 @entity35 . Four @entity35 died in the immediate postoperative period and two showed no intraparenchymal clot. Intense fibrinolytic activity was demonstrated in the blood vessel walls of the normal brain, especially in the meninges, choroid plexus, and ependymal cell layer. In the initial stages of @entity1410 resolution, fibrinolytic activity was not seen in the @entity1410 or parenchyma except in the preexisting blood vessels. However, 3 to 5 days later, fibrinolytic activity was observed in the capillary buds surrounding the @entity1410 and among the infiltrating mononuclear cells. This activity increased for 7 to 10 days following formation of the @entity1410 and decreased after 21 to 28 days. It is concluded that tissue fibrinolytic activity associated with newly formed blood vessels appears to be important in lysis of @entity1779 .

title: Fibrinolytic activity in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hematomas', 'intracerebral hematoma']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hematoma']


abstract: The two subtypes of @entity554 Z receptor ( @entity19829 and beta) and the three splicing variants of @entity554 orphan receptor (ROR alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3) form a subfamily within the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. Very recently we found that the pineal gland hormone @entity2493 is a natural ligand of @entity19829 and @entity19830 . Ligand-induced transcriptional control is therefore proposed to mediate physiological functions of @entity2493 in the brain where @entity19830 is expressed, but also in peripheral tissues, where @entity19829 was found. However, no natural RZR responding genes have been identified yet. Here, we report that a response element in the promoter of @entity1437 binds specifically @entity19829 and ROR alpha 1, but not ROR alpha 2 and alpha 3. @entity1437 is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of @entity4443 , which are known to be @entity56 and inflammatory mediators. We could show that the activity of the whole @entity1437 promoter as well as of the RZR response element fused to the heterologous @entity1014 kinase promoter could be repressed by @entity2493 . The hormone down-regulated the expression of @entity1437 about 5-fold in B lymphocytes, which express @entity19829 . In contrast, @entity1437 mRNA levels were not affected in differentiated monocytic and granulocytic cell lines, which do not express @entity19829 . This indicates that @entity1437 is the first natural @entity19829 responding gene. Furthermore, our results open up a new perspective in understanding the involvement of @entity2493 in inflammatory and immunological reactions.

title: The nuclear receptor for XXXX represses @entity1437 gene expression in human B lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity1437 :: ('240', 'Gene') :: ['5-Lipoxygenase', '5-lipoxygenase']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: This study compared the effects of the @entity3704 anxiolytic, @entity3705 , with other @entity1245 receptor (BZR) ligands, including the full agonists @entity3175 and @entity1401 , and the partial agonists @entity3706 and @entity3707 ( @entity3707 ), and alpidem, in the @entity19 four-plate test and plus-maze. The efficacy and potency of each compound was related to the fraction of BZR occupied by the drug. @entity3705 was efficacious in both tests and showed anxiolytic effects comparable with @entity1401 and @entity3175 . In the four-plate test, @entity3705 , @entity3707 , and @entity3706 had selective effects on releasing exploratory locomotor activity suppressed by footshock (punished crossings). None of these compounds significantly altered non-punished crossings. In contrast, @entity3175 and @entity1401 increased both unpunished and punished crossings at low to medium doses (receptor occupancies of approximately 20-60%). The number of punished and unpunished crossings fell to control levels or below at higher, more sedative doses (approximately 80% receptor occupancy). Alpidem had very weak anxiolytic-like effects in this test and markedly reduced unpunished crossings at relatively low receptor occupancies (> 15%). In the plus-maze, @entity3705 increased the time spent in the open arms and the percentage open arm entries to an extent equal to that observed following @entity3175 or @entity1401 administration. @entity3707 and @entity3706 had weak effects on the measures of anxiolytic activity in this test. Alpidem also had little anxiolytic-like activity in the plus-maze but markedly reduced the total number of arm entries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of several @entity1245 receptor ligands in two models of anxiolytic activity in the XXXX : an analysis based on fractional receptor occupancies.

entities_list: @entity3705 :: ('MESH:C062769', 'Chemical') :: ['Abecarnil', 'abecarnil']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity3707 :: ('MESH:C054626', 'Chemical') :: ['bretazenil', 'Ro 16-6028', 'Bretazenil']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['alprazolam']

entities_list: @entity3704 :: ('CHEBI:109895', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carboline']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: There is evidence indicating that the cholinergic system positively modulates GH release probably by inhibiting somatostatinergic tone. In the present study, the effects of cholinergic enhancement by @entity4836 , (PD), a cholinesterases inhibitor, on GH release in normal adults (n = 14) (NA) and in both normal (n = 5) (NC) and short @entity1 (n = 19) (SC) with @entity851 (n = 7) or constitutional growth delay (n = 12) were studied. In SC the @entity1720 ( @entity1720 )-induced GH increase was also studied. In both NC and SC 60 mg orally PD induced a significant GH increase with mean peak at 90 min (mean +/- SEM 11.0 +/- 2.2 ng/ml in NC and 11.2 +/- 2.3 ng/ml in SC). The GH areas under response curve (AUC) were 379.3 +/- 76.6 and 327.8 +/- 43.2 ng/ml/h in NC and SC respectively. In NA 120 mg orally PD induced a significant GH increase with mean peak at 120 min (5.1 +/- 1.1 ng/ml) which was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than that observed in both NC and SC. This statistical difference was strengthened by evaluating AUC (NA:205.6 +/- 33.7 ng/ml/h, P less than 0.05 vs NC and SC). The correlation of drug dosage with body area ruled out that this difference could be related to the different PD dose in adults and @entity1 . In SC, @entity1720 induced a GH increase significantly lower than that observed after PD (GH peak 7.8 +/- 0.6 vs 16.4 +/- 1.9 ng/ml P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Growth hormone responses to @entity4836 in normal adults and in normal and short XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['IH', 'insulin hypoglycaemia']

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['familial short stature']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine adherence in clinical practice to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline recommendations of observing a 5-day waiting period after @entity1397 administration before undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and to examine the costs of waiting. METHODS: This retrospective study used a nationwide inpatient database (Solucient ACTracker) to identify @entity1 who were admitted for @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), and who had same-stay CABG. Cost of additional days of stay was estimated using regression analysis. RESULTS: The recommended 5-day waiting was adhered to in 16.9% (n=3,809) of @entity1 . The percentage of @entity1 with @entity1187 undergoing CABG surgery on day 0 was 14.6%. Adherence to the waiting was higher for teaching and rural hospitals; and in female and elderly @entity1 and urgent admissions. CONCLUSIONS: The recommended 5-day waiting for CABG surgery after @entity1397 treatment is poorly adhered to in clinical practice. This study was unable to determine specific reasons for the low adherence; however, there may be a compromise between the clinically urgent need for revascularisation and increased risk of @entity548 , as well as economic costs associated with waiting. The cost of an additional hospital day in this group of @entity1 was approximately   1,400 per day or   7,000 for 5 days. Thus, a full 5-day wait would have a significant economic impact on hospital costs.

title: Potential unrecognised costs of XXXX pretreatment in @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of portosystemic shunting in the treatment of the @entity3181 is still under debate. Medical therapy and liver transplantation are alternative treatments. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt implantation. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with severe @entity3181 and a @entity1 -Pugh score of 9.2+/-1.9, who were not responsive to medical therapy, were elected for the transjugular shunt treatment, which was successfully accomplished in 33. Eleven @entity1 had a fulminant/acute (history <2 months); 13, a subacute (<6 months); and 11, a chronic course of the disease. The shunt was established by using conventional self-expandable stents in 25 @entity1 and @entity736 -covered stents in 8 @entity1 . The mean follow-up was 37+/-29 months. RESULTS: The shunt reduced the portosystemic pressure gradient from 29+/-7 to 10+/-4 mm Hg and improved the portal flow velocity from 9.2+/-11 to 51+/-17 cm/s. Clinical symptoms as well as the biochemical test results improved significantly during 4 weeks after shunt treatment. Three @entity1 died and 2 received liver transplants. The cumulative 1- and 5-year survival rate without transplantation in all @entity1 was 93% and 74%, respectively, and in @entity1 with fulminant/acute disease 91% and 91% respectively (no deaths in this time period). On the average, 1.4+/-2.2 revisions per @entity1 were needed during the mean follow-up of 3 years with a 1-year probability of 47%. CONCLUSIONS: The transjugular shunt provides an excellent outcome in @entity1 with severe fulminant/acute, subacute, and chronic @entity3181 . It may be regarded as a treatment for the acute and long-term management of these @entity1 .

title: The XXXX : outcome after treatment with the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The protective role of @entity842 (NO) against @entity99 -reperfusion (I/R) injury remains controversial. In this study we investigated the effect of @entity8083 ( @entity8084 ) on the survival of @entity35 exposed to an hepatic I/R injury. METHODS: The @entity35 were subjected to 100 minutes of 70% @entity99 30 minutes after administration of @entity8084 or saline. A specific @entity1506 ( @entity1506 ) blocker, 1400W, was used to evaluate endogenous @entity1506 . NOS protein measured the histological appearance of the liver by Western blotting, and survival was evaluated after reperfusion. RESULTS: The 1-week survival rate was 60% among the @entity8084 group and 10% for the saline group. The serum ALT and @entity648 values in the @entity8084 group were significantly lower than the saline group. Histological examination of the liver revealed only a small necrotic area in the @entity8084 group as opposed to massive @entity39 and cell infiltration in the saline group. Injection of 1400W significantly decreased the prolongation of survival produced by @entity8084 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8084 significantly improved the survival rate, the histological findings, and the liver function, thereby reducing @entity1578 . Western blotting showed a higher level of @entity1506 protein in the @entity8084 group than the saline group, @entity22153 suppressed this effect of @entity8084 . Taken together, these observations suggest that NO derived from reactions driven by @entity8084 -induced @entity1506 exerts a protective effect against @entity5721 .

title: Beneficial effect of @entity8083 on the survival of XXXX exposed to @entity99 - @entity5721 .

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity8083 :: ('MESH:C003402', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrobiopterin']

entities_list: @entity1506 :: ('24599(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: To evaluate the long-term effects of orally administered levodopa, 11 @entity1 with chronic @entity712 (NYHA III-IV) were studied during maintenance therapy (30 +/- 1 days) and after withdrawal from levodopa. The daily levodopa dose was 4 g in six @entity1 ; because of side effects the levodopa dose was reduced to 2-3 g in the remaining @entity1 . After withdrawal of levodopa, mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and mean right atrial pressure increased significantly (from 19 +/- 2 to 24 +/- 3 and from 7 +/- 2 to 9 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively). Effective renal plasma flow was 329 +/- 57 during levodopa therapy and decreased significantly to 252 +/- 27 ml/min after withdrawal of levodopa. The number of @entity1540 and couplets increased during levodopa therapy and decreased again significantly after withdrawal of levodopa. No significant differences between on and off levodopa were observed in resting heart rate, arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, @entity64 work index, systemic vascular resistance, @entity1372 and water excretion, or @entity1011 clearance. Seven @entity1 improved on levodopa therapy by one NYHA class; four of these seven @entity1 deteriorated again by one NYHA class after withdrawal of levodopa. Regarding both clinical and hemodynamic changes after withdrawal of levodopa, three @entity1 were classified as responders to long-term levodopa therapy. All three responders received 4 g levodopa per day. Average @entity935 plasma level was 5.3 +/- 0.8 ng/ml in the responder group and 2.0 +/- 0.5 ng/ml in the nonresponder group. Long-term administration of oral levodopa is associated with beneficial clinical and hemodynamic response in only a minority of @entity1 with chronic @entity712 .

title: Evaluation of long-term oral levodopa therapy in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature contractions']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: Intra-partum @entity204 has been variously defined. However, a definition adopted at a technical consultation in 2006 is employed in this review. The quality of intra-partum care is a crucial factor for pregnancy outcome for both mothers and new-borns. Intra-partum stillbirth is de   ned as late @entity204 during labour, which clinically presents as fresh stillbirth. The largest proportion of the world's @entity2209 occurs in the late preterm, term and intra-partum periods. The Western Pacific region has the greatest reduction in stillbirth with a 3.8% annual decline between 1995 and 2009; however, the annual decline in the African region is less than 1%. Caesarean delivery is still uncommon, especially in rural areas: 1% of births in rural Sub-Saharan Africa and 5% in @entity3548 Asia are by caesarean delivery; 62% of @entity2209 occurred during the intra-partum period; 61.4% of @entity2209 are attributable to obstetrical complications. Preventive measures aimed at reducing the incidence of intra-partum @entity204 entail all measures aimed at improving quality antenatal care and preventing intra-partum @entity1763 . This review discusses intra-partum foetal deaths from a Sub-Saharan African perspective. It explores the contribution of research within the region to identifying its impact on new-born health and potential cost-effective policy interventions.

title: Scourge of intra-partum XXXX in Sub-Saharan Africa.

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['foetal death']

entities_list: @entity3548 :: ('MESH:C538659', 'Disease') :: ['rural South']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['foetal death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the experience, practice and approaches of general surgeons in relation to the treatment of @entity0 in @entity233 . METHODS: A survey was conducted between November 2012 and February 2013 with 453 general surgeons who claimed to perform breast surgery. Initial and most preferred approaches for @entity0 surgery and demographic features of @entity1 were questioned. Initial approaches of surgeons for a suspected breast mass were assessed with a clinical scenario. RESULTS: A total of 12.6 % of practicing general surgeons in @entity233 responded to the survey. A multidisciplinary assessment was employed by 57.2 % of @entity1 . The most frequently used diagnostic tool was needle biopsies (64.9 %) and the most frequently performed surgery for early stage @entity5 was breast-conserving surgery (72.2 %). The initial approach for locally advanced @entity0 was neoadjuvant chemotherapy (59.8 %) and mastectomy for @entity5 (22.7 %). Sentinel lymph node biopsies were utilized by 59.2 % of @entity1 by different methods in appropriate cases. Oncoplastic breast surgery was performed by 9.0 % of @entity1 , frequently or constantly. The surgeons' initial approaches for the clinical scenario were imaging (56.7 %) and biopsy (40.6 %). CONCLUSIONS: Although there are efforts to improve up-to-date approaches towards @entity0 surgery by surgeons, currently there are significant inadequacies for evidence-based medicine practices.

title: How do surgeons approach XXXX surgery in @entity233 ? A national survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of single-agent weekly @entity900 for @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 treated definitively with @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with American Joint Committee of @entity5 stage II (3%), stage III (14%), or stage IV (83%) @entity957 of the oropharynx, larynx, or hypopharynx treated from June 2000 to November 2003 at the University of Florida were retrospectively reviewed. Subjects received @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ; median, 74.4 Gy) and @entity900 , 30 mg/m2/wk. Altered fractionation was used in 34 of 35 (97%) @entity1 . The endpoints were best response, percentage of grade III or IV @entity137 , local-regional control, disease-free survival, cause-specific survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: The median number of cycles of @entity900 administered was 6. Grade III or IV @entity137 were: @entity417 , 11%; @entity882 , 6%; @entity1431 , 26%; and @entity33 , 23%. No @entity1 had @entity177 and 1 @entity1 (3%) died because of therapy-related complications. Responses to therapy included 71% complete response, 17% partial response, and 6% stable disease. Median follow-up for all @entity1 was 1.8 years (range, 0.1-7.8 years); median follow-up for living @entity1 was 4.4 years (range, 2.6-7.8 years). The 3-year outcomes were: local-regional control, 85%; disease-free survival, 56%; cause-specific survival, 59%; and overall survival, 40%. CONCLUSION: Concomitant weekly CDDP with definitive @entity1161 is feasible, tolerable, highly active, and comparable with more complex, costly, and toxic regimens. Intercurrent disease was a significant contributor to mortality in our population. Our regimen is an attractive alternative to sequential chemoradiotherapy programs.

title: Definitive altered fractionation radiotherapy and concomitant weekly XXXX for locally advanced @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: @entity9393 ( @entity9393 ), isolated from the porcine brain, and @entity9394 ( @entity14512 ), derived from the @entity235 gut, are two recently identified putative endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands. Both ligands have been reported to possess binding affinity for cannabinoid receptor subtypes, @entity14650 and @entity14651 . The objective of the present studies was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of both of these ligands in B6C3F1 @entity19 splenocytes. @entity14512 produced a marked and dose-related inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte response, anti- @entity5168 mAb-induced T-cell proliferation and LPS-induced B-cell proliferation, whereas having no inhibitory effect on @entity1359 / @entity1360 -induced cell proliferation. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects by @entity14512 on proliferation were at least dependent in part on cell density. At high cell density, @entity14512 enhanced lymphoproliferation whereas exhibiting marked inhibitory activity at low cell density. Similarly, in vitro primary immunoglobulin M antibody-forming cell responses which are dependent on high cell density also were found to be enhanced by @entity14512 . Conversely, @entity9393 exhibited no inhibitory effects on cell proliferative responses to stimulation by anti- @entity5168 mAb, lipopolysaccharide or @entity1359 / @entity1360 treatment. @entity9393 also showed no effect on the in vitro sheep erythrocyte antibody-forming cell response. Although shown previously to markedly inhibit @entity1928 -stimulated @entity1919 accumulation, @entity14512 exhibited no effect on basal @entity1920 cyclase activity in splenocytes. Additionally, @entity9393 showed negligible inhibitory effects at extremely high concentrations on @entity1928 -stimulated @entity1920 cyclase activity and no effect on basal @entity1920 cyclase activity in splenocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of putative cannabinoid receptor ligands, @entity9393 and @entity9394 , on immune function in B6C3F1 XXXX splenocytes.

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-arachidonyl-glycerol']

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['anandamide', 'Anandamide', 'arachidonylethanolamide']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We report the first case of pseudotumoral @entity4611 successfully treated by corticosteroids without surgery. A 27-year-old @entity1 had been monitored for chronic @entity10 13 months after giving birth, associated with @entity2588 and @entity6726 . Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed a markedly enlarged pituitary gland with a suprasellar extension; the only biochemical abnormality was a mild @entity4089 . Because of a putative diagnosis of @entity2013 , @entity2847 was prescribed at a dose of 5 mg daily, soon followed by the transitory appearance of menstruation. Two years later, @entity7961 was present and was revealed by @entity1887 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the pituitary mass was the same as previously described, but hormonal investigation showed evidence of complete @entity4614 and no @entity4089 . Nuclear antibodies were negative as well as other autoantibodies. Human leukocyte antigen serological Class II typing was @entity4106 / @entity4107 . @entity4611 was then suspected; in the absence of @entity227 and because this @entity1 refused surgery, corticosteroids were attempted at a daily dose of 60 mg of @entity229 for 3 months, progressively decreased for the next 6 months. Under this treatment, a gradual recovery of all pituitary hormones was observed and magnetic resonance imaging showed a reduction of two-thirds in pituitary mass. Five months after the end of corticoid treatment, our @entity1 relapsed with @entity7961 and an increase of pituitary volume. She underwent @entity134 treatment, and a biopsy was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of @entity792 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pseudotumoral XXXX successfully treated by corticosteroid alone: first case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual complication']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['acute adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic hypophysitis', 'Lymphocytic hypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['lymphocytic hypophysitis']


abstract: The @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) family of intracellular enzymes plays a crucial role in signal transduction for a variety of cellular responses of mononuclear phagocytes including phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and secretion. Alterations in the activation pathways of @entity7131 in a variety of cell types have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the complications of @entity6 . In this study, we investigated the consequences of @entity7131 activation by evaluating endogenous phosphorylation of @entity7131 substrates with a phosphospecific @entity7131 substrate Ab (pPKC(s)). Phosphorylation of a 40-kDa protein was significantly increased in mononuclear phagocytes from diabetics. Phosphorylation of this protein is downstream of @entity7131 activation and its phosphorylated form was found to be associated with the membrane. Mass spectrometry analysis, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting experiments revealed that this 40-kDa protein is pleckstrin. We then investigated the phosphorylation and translocation of pleckstrin in response to the activation of @entity4283 ( @entity4283 ). The results suggest that pleckstrin is involved in @entity4283 signaling and advanced glycation end product (AGE)-elicited mononuclear phagocyte dysfunction. Suppression of pleckstrin expression with RNA interference silencing revealed that phosphorylation of pleckstrin is an important intermediate in the secretion and activation pathways of proinflammatory cytokines ( @entity310 and @entity1356 ) induced by @entity4283 activation. In summary, this study demonstrates that phosphorylation of pleckstrin is up-regulated in diabetic mononuclear phagocytes. The phosphorylation is in part due to the activation of @entity7131 through @entity4283 binding, and pleckstrin is a critical molecule for proinflammatory cytokine secretion in response to elevated AGE in @entity6 .

title: Phosphorylation of pleckstrin increases proinflammatory cytokine secretion by mononuclear phagocytes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity4283 :: ('177', 'Gene') :: ['receptor for advanced glycation end products', 'RAGE']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Administration of @entity205 (CsA) following syngeneic/autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) elicits a T lymphocyte-dependent @entity792 resembling @entity2132 (syngeneic GVHD). This autoaggression syndrome appears to be due to the autorecognition of self-MHC class II antigens by CD8+ cytolytic T cells and a @entity11264 + autoreactive T cell subset. The syngeneic GVHD model was used to assess the effectiveness of treatment with monoclonal antibodies to the alpha/beta T cell receptor (TCR) and the @entity11264 or CD8 determinants on the prevention of @entity792 . Nylon wool nonadherent @entity1619 cells (50 x 10(6)) from Lewis strain @entity35 with active syngeneic GVHD were adoptively transferred into irradiated (1050 rad syngeneic recipients reconstituted with normal marrow (60 x 10(6) cells). Monoclonal antibody (McAb) to the alpha/beta TCR, the @entity11264 determinant, or the CD8 determinant was administered to secondary recipients on Days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 at a dose of 0.1 ml of ascites fluid. Control animals received normal mouse serum on the same schedule. Animals treated with either saline or normal mouse serum developed syngeneic GVHD within 16-20 days. Comparatively, syngeneic GVHD developed much later in the secondary recipients treated with anti- @entity11264 McAb (onset of syngeneic GVHD, 28-32 days) and was less severe compared to the control group. On the other hand, the recipients treated with McAb's to the alpha/beta TCR or to the CD8 determinant did not develop syngeneic GVHD (monitored over 10 weeks post-therapy). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from these recipients also were analyzed for T cell subsets by phenotypic analysis. There was a pronounced reduction of the total number of cells expressing the alpha/beta TCR and the CD8 determinant after treatment of the recipients with the McAb's to the alpha/beta TCR and to the CD8 determinant, respectively. Recovery to normal levels began to occur 6 weeks after the last dose of McAb. There was a significant reduction of the @entity11264 + subset after treatment with anti- @entity11264 McAb, but it was not long lasting with recovery coinciding with the onset of syngeneic GVHD. Studies were also performed to evaluate McAb therapy of established syngeneic GVHD. The McAb's were found to be largely ineffective due in part to @entity358 . Furthermore, this model was utilized to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with McAb to the target antigen of syngeneic GVHD. Infusion of McAb to a public determinant on class II MHC molecules prevented or significantly delayed the onset of syngeneic GVHD after adoptive transfer of effector cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity205 -induced XXXX : prevention of autoaggression by treatment with monoclonal antibodies to T lymphocyte cell surface determinants and to MHC class II antigens.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-vs-host disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['syngeneic graft-vs-host disease']


abstract: Eight per cent of the @entity1 genome is derived from the integration of retroviral sequences that were incorporated in our DNA more than 25 million years ago. Although some of these elements show mutations and deletions, some HERVs are transcriptionally active and produce functional proteins. Different mechanisms have been described which link HERVs to some @entity102 @entity5 , @entity16 and autoimmune rheumatic and @entity2597 . They could cause disease because of their capacity for being moved and inserted next to certain genes whose expression would be consequentially altered. Another way in which disease could potentially arise is when HERV-encoded proteins are expressed. These proteins would be considered as [foreign] and they could trigger B-cells to produce antibodies against them, which, in turn, might cross-react with other proteins of our bodies. This mechanism could give rise to @entity792 such as @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity1252 , @entity244 ( @entity244 ), mixed @entity2597 and inflammatory @entity16 . Furthermore, it should be pointed out that @entity1131 may act as superantigens. Interestingly, some environmental agents seem to induce the expression of HERVs. Thus, ultraviolet light and several chemical agents could reactivate such sequences by altering their structure without modifying their @entity377 composition when the methylation pattern is changed. Therefore, the epigenetic changes observed in pathological conditions such as @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) or @entity5 could be translated into an effect on the activation of some of the retroelements present in our genome which ultimately could have a direct or indirect role on the initiation and clinical evolution of certain @entity102 .

title: Molecular mechanisms mediated by @entity1 endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['such as several cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['HERV-proteins']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nervous system diseases', 'neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', "Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: Previous studies revealed persistent @entity1372 retention in @entity235 with chronic @entity2293 (induced by injection of Freund adjuvant into pericardial sacs) and pericardiocentesis, revealed in increased @entity1372 excretion. Three groups of @entity235 were studied. Group 1 was treated with @entity3352 (2.5 mg/kg, iv) prior to pericardiocentesis. Compared with experiments without @entity3352 , @entity1372 excretion did not increase flowing pericardiocentesis in animals treated with @entity3352 despite similar changes in arterial pressure, venous pressure, hematocrit, plasma protein concentration, and @entity1122 activity. This effect of @entity3352 was presumably mediated through @entity3009 (PG) synthesis inhibition. Group 2 @entity235 received an infusion of @entity1426 (AA) (to increase PG synthesis) into the left renal artery (20 micrograms.kg-1. min-1). @entity1372 excretion increased after AA infusion during tamponade (11.2 to 30.9 mequiv.min-1) with a further increase occurring after pericardiocentesis (84.4 mequiv.min-1). Animals in group 3 were infused with both 20 and 80 micrograms. kg-1. min-1 doses of AA. Although @entity1372 excretion following 80 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 AA(21 mequiv.min-1) was higher than that seen during 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 (14.2 mequiv.min-1), a further increase in @entity1372 excretion to 45.6 mequiv.min-1 followed pericardiocentesis. During tamponade, AA did not change any of the measured parameters other than @entity1372 excretion, a result compatible with the proposed distal tubular site of action of PG. Absolute but not fractional cortical blood flow distribution increased during the time @entity1372 excretion increased following pericardiocentesis in all experiments. It is proposed that increased PG synthesis may be one possible mechanism involved in the natriuresis seen following pericardiocentesis. One cannot exclude the possibility that increased absolute blood flow to the superficial cortex also contributes to the observed natriuresis. Changes in arterial pressure, venous pressure, hematocrit, plasma protein concentration, and @entity1122 activity appear to contribute to the observed natriuresis but only when PG synthesis is not blocked.

title: Effect of @entity1426 and XXXX on renal function of @entity235 with @entity2293 .

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial tamponade']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['indomethacin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that @entity4447 ( @entity4448 ) exhibits its anti- @entity5 activities in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 . Recent studies have revealed that @entity4448 regulated multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) in @entity1 @entity5 . However, the exact mechanism of @entity4448 -mediated @entity5 suppressive function has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we explore whether @entity4448 governed oncogenic @entity4449 in @entity0 cells by multiple methods such as @entity98 assay, RT-PCR, Wound healing assay, Western blotting analysis, migration, Transwell invasion assay, and transfection. Our results showed that @entity4448 inhibited cell growth, migration, invasion, and induced cell apoptosis in @entity0 cells. Further molecular analysis dissected that @entity4448 inhibited @entity4449 expression in @entity0 cells. Moreover, inhibition of @entity4449 suppressed cell growth, migration, invasion, and trigged cell apoptosis, whereas overexpression of @entity4449 enhanced cell growth, motility, and inhibited apoptosis in @entity0 cells. Notably, we found that @entity4449 inhibitor treatment potentiates @entity4448 -induced @entity0 cell growth inhibition, apoptosis and motility inhibition. However, overexpression of @entity4449 partly abrogated @entity4448 -mediated anti- @entity5 activity. Our findings provide a novel anti- @entity5 mechanism of @entity4448 involved in @entity4449 for the treatment of @entity0 .

title: XXXX suppresses cell growth and migration via inhibition of @entity4449 in @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['Arsenic trioxide']


abstract: AIMS: Vessel remodelling is commonly observed in @entity453 , but factors influencing remodelling, such as plaque lipid content, remain poorly described. METHODS AND RESULTS: Remodelling index (RI) was calculated as the ratio of lesion to proximal and distal references external membrane area and was categorized as follows: positive (PR; RI > 1.05), intermediate (IR; RI 0.95-1.05), and negative remodelling (NR; RI < 0.95). RI was studied by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a function of lipid content metrics, including the maximal 4 mm lipid core burden index of the segment (maxLCBI4 mm) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) lesion plaque burden (PB). The authors further stratified the analysis according to obstructive (>= 50%) and non-obstructive (<50%) lesions using quantitative coronary angiography. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were performed to describe the maxLCBI4 mm level associated with PR. From May 2012 to November 2014, 100 de novo lesions from 67 @entity1 underwent simultaneous NIRS-IVUS. PR was found in 28% of the lesions. There was a positive linear correlation between RI and maxLCBI4 mm (   = 0.58; P < 0.001). Although @entity75 had a larger PB than NR or IR (P < 0.001), the correlation of RI with maxLCBI4 mm was stronger compared with plaque volume (   = 0.18; P = 0.07) and with per cent PB (   = 0.41; P < 0.001). This relationship remained significant for obstructive (   = 0.72; P < 0.001) and @entity3885 (   = 0.48; P < 0.001). By receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, values of maxLCBI4 mm >=  439 were predictive for PR (area under the curve = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.69-0.89). CONCLUSION: In vivo @entity301 remodelling is positively correlated with lipid plaque content assessed by NIRS rather than simply PB. Thus, the use of NIRS can potentially aid in further stratifying vulnerable lesions.

title: The influence of lipid-containing plaque composition assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy on XXXX remodelling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PR lesions']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['non-obstructive lesions']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary lesion']


abstract: Erythema is the initial symptom that occurs after @entity599 mustard ( @entity2033 ) cutaneous exposure. The time course of @entity2033 -induced @entity5105 is similar to that observed after UV irradiation, which can be reduced by @entity3352 . @entity599 @entity2085 is decreased by using @entity4489 , which is an @entity16206 . @entity4571 can reduce microvesication after @entity2033 vapor exposure in hairless @entity840 (HGP) skin. The present study examines the effect of the combined administration of @entity4571 , @entity3352 and @entity4489 used alone or in all possible combinations on the degree of @entity272 after @entity2033 exposure in HGP. @entity4571 (750 mg kg-1, i.p.), @entity4489 (12.5 mg kg-1, i.m.) or @entity3352 (4 mg kg-1, p.o.) used singly or in combination was given as a 30-min pretreatment before an 8-min @entity2033 vapor cup skin exposure. Using a combination pretreatment of @entity4571 , @entity4489 and @entity3352 , @entity5105 was reduced at 4 (91%) and 6 (55%) h, but not 24 h after @entity2033 . The incidence of histopathological skin changes (microvesicles, follicular involvement, epidermal @entity39 , intracellular @entity4 and @entity13580 ) 24 h after @entity2033 was not reduced. This study indicates that @entity2033 -induced @entity5105 may result from several different mechanisms, including @entity32 , @entity112 release and DNA damage. It is suggested that two phases of @entity32 may occur: an early phase sensitive to antihistamines and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and a late phase of extensive cell damage that was not sensitive to these drug pretreatments.

title: Reduction of @entity5105 in hairless @entity840 after cutaneous XXXX mustard vapor exposure by pretreatment with @entity4571 , @entity4489 and @entity3352 .

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['promethazine']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['mustard lethality']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity13580 :: ('MESH:D004474', 'Disease') :: ['pustular epidermatitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['erythema and histopathologic skin damage']

entities_list: @entity599 :: ('MESH:D013455', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur', 'Sulfur']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['Niacinamide', 'niacinamide']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional meta-analyses have shown inconsistent results for efficacy of pharmacological treatments for acute @entity162 . We did a multiple-treatments meta-analysis, which accounted for both direct and indirect comparisons, to assess the effects of all antimanic drugs. METHODS: We systematically reviewed 68 randomised controlled trials (16,073 @entity1 ) from Jan 1, 1980, to Nov 25, 2010, which compared any of the following pharmacological drugs at therapeutic dose range for the treatment of acute @entity162 in adults: @entity1770 , @entity15177 , @entity2049 , @entity1092 , @entity2682 , @entity1767 , @entity2812 , @entity1091 , @entity1037 , @entity1089 , @entity1090 , @entity1771 , and @entity1280 . The main outcomes were the mean change on @entity162 rating scales and the number of @entity1 who dropped out of the allocated treatment at 3 weeks. Analysis was done by intention to treat. FINDINGS: @entity1767 (standardised mean difference [SMD] -0  56 [95% CI -0  69 to -0  43]), @entity1090 (-0  50 [-0  63 to -0  38), @entity1037 (-0  43 [-0  54 to -0  32], @entity1091 (-0  37 [-0  63 to -0  11]), @entity1089 (-0  37 [-0  51 to -0  23]), @entity1770 (-0  37 [-0  51 to -0  23]), @entity2049 (-0  36 [-0  60 to -0  11], @entity15177 (-0  30 [-0  53 to -0  07]), @entity1092 (-0  20 [-0  37 to -0  04]), and @entity1280 (-0  20 [-0  37 to -0  03]) were significantly more effective than placebo, whereas @entity2682 , @entity2812 , and @entity1771 were not. @entity1767 had the highest number of significant differences and was significantly more effective than @entity1091 (SMD -0  19 [95% CI -0  36 to -0  01]), @entity1089 (-0  19 [-0  37 to 0  01]), @entity1770 (-0  19 [-0  36 to -0  02]), @entity2049 (-0  20 [-0  36 to -0  01]), @entity15177 (-0  26 [-0  52 to 0  01]), @entity1092 (-0  36 [-0  56 to -0  15]), @entity1280 -0  36 [-0  56 to -0  15]), @entity2812 (-0  48 [-0  77 to -0  19]), @entity1771 (-0  63 [-0  84 to -0  43]), and @entity2682 (-0  88 [-1  40 to -0  36]). @entity1090 and @entity1037 had a very similar profile of comparative efficacy, being more effective than @entity1092 , @entity1280 , @entity2812 , @entity1771 , and @entity2682 . @entity1037 , @entity1090 , and @entity1089 led to significantly fewer discontinuations than did @entity1091 , @entity2812 , placebo, @entity1771 , and @entity2682 . INTERPRETATION: Overall, antipsychotic drugs were significantly more effective than mood stabilisers. @entity1090 , @entity1037 , and @entity1767 should be considered as among the best of the available options for the treatment of @entity162 episodes. These results should be considered in the development of clinical practice guidelines. FUNDING: None.

title: Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antimanic drugs in acute XXXX : a multiple-treatments meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15177 :: ('MESH:C522667', 'Chemical') :: ['asenapine']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol', 'Haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['mania']


abstract: In summary, the discovery of neuroactive @entity230 has led to a new @entity4903 . The modulation of GABAA receptors by @entity134 hormone metabolites has far-reaching physiological and pharmacological implications, including relevance to @entity1 @entity146 and neurological problems (Fig. 7): I. MECHANISM OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA (Alphaxalone) II. @entity1246 TONE IN SOME REGIONS (e.g., caudate) III. ANTI-ANXIETY ACTIVITY: ( @entity308 , @entity3010 ?) (New drugs?) IV. CHILDBIRTH V. ANTIEPILEPTIC ACTIVITY (New drugs?) VI. REGIONAL HETEROGENEITY (Receptor subtypes) VII. PARTIAL AGONISTS (Better clinical profile?) FIG. 7. Implications of GABAA receptor as a nongenomic CNS target of @entity230 .

title: Neuroactive XXXX modulation of GABAA receptors.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Post-partum depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['appreciation of endocrine-nervous system interactions']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: This study was designed to examine the role of changes in cytoplasmic free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) during the response to alpha 1-adrenergic agonists in cultured renal proximal tubular cells. Experiments were carried out on primary cultures of @entity235 proximal tubular cells grown in defined culture medium on a solid support, on collagen-coated @entity6027 membranes, or on collagen-coated glass coverslips. @entity6028 and @entity593 were used to monitor [ @entity141 ]i. The basal level of [ @entity141 ]i was 101 nM, as measured with @entity6028 , and 122 nM, as determined using @entity593 . Fluorescence flow cytometry revealed that about 85% of the population of proximal tubular cells responded to @entity2647 with an increase in [Ca2+]i. Phenylephrine (10(-5) M) caused an immediate actual increase in [ @entity141 ]i by 18 and 24%, as determined with @entity6028 and @entity593 , respectively, with the peak increase in [ @entity141 ]i averaging 22% and 44% over the basal level (180-300 sec). This effect did not require extracellular @entity460 . The effect of @entity2647 was abolished by @entity3159 and @entity1855 . Fluorescence microscopy of @entity6028 or @entity593 loaded cells revealed punctate areas of fluorescence within the cytoplasm suggesting vesicular uptake of the dyes. Pinocytotic entrapment of the dyes was demonstrated by the transfer of cell-impermeant @entity593 across tubular cell monolayers mounted in Ussing chambers. The transfer of the dye was similar to that of a marker of fluid-phase pinocytosis, Lucifer Yellow (LY). This pinocytotic entrapment of @entity141 -indicators would lead to underestimation of the actual @entity460 transients. Microfluorometric study of single proximal tubular cells "scrape-loaded" with @entity593 revealed a four-fold increase in [ @entity141 ]i concentration following stimulation with @entity2647 .

title: Alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation and cytoplasmic free XXXX concentration in cultured renal proximal tubular cells: evidence for compartmentalization of @entity6028 and @entity593 .

entities_list: @entity6027 :: ('CHEBI:61433', 'Chemical') :: ['polycarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The blood pressure-lowering effect of the @entity3449 inhibitor aliskiren equals that of @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitors and angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers. Whether aliskiren offers end-organ protection remains to be investigated. Here, we compared the cardiac effects of aliskiren, the AT1 receptor blocker @entity7056 and the @entity1811 inhibitor @entity3371 in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) at equi- @entity551 doses. METHODS AND RESULTS: SHR were treated for 1-3 weeks with vehicle, aliskiren, @entity3371 or @entity7056 (100, 3 and 15 mg/kg per day, respectively) using an osmotic minipump, and compared to vehicle-treated @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) controls. All drugs lowered (but not normalized) mean arterial pressure in SHR equi-effectively, as monitored by radiotelemetry, without altering heart rate. All drugs also reduced the increased cardiomyocyte area in SHR, and tended to normalize the elevated brain natriuretic peptide plasma levels. In the Langendorff set-up, all drugs normalized the diminished endothelium-dependent vasodilator response to @entity1812 in SHR. Moreover, aliskiren and @entity7056 , but not @entity3371 , decreased the enhanced coronary Ang II response in SHR. Aliskiren reduced plasma @entity3449 activity and the plasma and tissue angiotensin levels at 1 week of treatment; yet, after 3 weeks of aliskiren treatment only the cardiac angiotensin levels remained suppressed, whereas no tissue @entity7774 reductions were seen with @entity3371 or @entity7056 . CONCLUSION: For a given decrease in blood pressure, aliskiren improves coronary endothelial function and decreases @entity1283 in SHR to at least the same degree as @entity1811 inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade. In addition, aliskiren diminishes the enhanced Ang II response in the coronary circulation of SHR and offers superior long-term cardiac angiotensin suppression.

title: Beneficial cardiac effects of the @entity3449 inhibitor aliskiren in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Studies suggest that up to 56% of node-negative @entity1 have @entity5 deposits in their lymph nodes that are missed by routine pathologic examination. However, few studies differentiate between @entity5 cells and micrometastases using reproducible criteria, and their prognostic significance has not been established. METHODS: We identified 119 @entity1 who had undergone surgical resection for @entity418 between 1997 and 2007, and who were classified as node-negative. Relevant paraffin blocks were identified, and 3 additional levels, each 250 mum apart, were cut of all lymph nodes. @entity5 cells and micrometastases were defined according to size criteria but additional data and characteristics were recorded. Two slides were made at each level (1 for @entity1710 and @entity1711 , 1 for immunohistochemistry). Results were correlated with survival. RESULTS: One @entity1 was found to have a @entity3 (>2 mm), 8 @entity1 (7%) had micrometastases, and 22 @entity1 (18%) had @entity5 cells. The 5-year survival rates were 60% for @entity1 who remained node-negative, 33% for @entity1 with @entity5 cells, 40% for @entity1 with micrometastases, and 0 for the @entity1 with a @entity3 (P = 0.02). A significant difference was found between node-negative @entity1 versus @entity1 whose lymph nodes contained @entity5 cells (P = 0.014). Most @entity5 deposits (71%) were identified on the first additional section. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity5 cells are as important as micrometastases in determining survival in @entity1 with @entity418 . This has important implications in the retrieval and pathologic analysis of lymph nodes.

title: @entity5 cells in XXXX : implications for the surgeon and the pathologist.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolated tumor', 'Isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: The search for improved quality of life and a reduction in health care costs is leading to the development of home treatment. The organization of home treatment for chronic respiratory @entity1 in 13 European countries was evaluated at the end of 1992 by means of a questionnaire. Switzerland and the Association Nationale pour le Traitement A Domicile de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire Chronique (ANTADIR) in France maintain registers for @entity1 on @entity26 therapy, mechanical ventilation and @entity25 . Sweden and Poland have a national register for @entity1 receiving @entity26 . In other countries, some information can be obtained from the National Health Service or the commercial provider. @entity26 concentrators are used preferentially in all countries except Italy, Denmark, Spain and The Netherlands. Home ventilator treatment is generally performed by volume-cycled ventilators. National prescription rules exist in some parts of Spain, Switzerland and Belgium. In other countries, such as Germany, prescriptions rely on recommendations elaborated by specialists or international guidelines. Service and equipment are provided by national organizations, health services, commercial companies or hospitals. Home supervision of the @entity1 is performed by a nurse and/or a doctor and equipment maintenance by a technician. Important differences exist between countries in Europe in home treatment of chronic @entity1576 . Comparative analysis should help achieve uniform standards and provide a basis for future research.

title: Home treatment for chronic XXXX : the situation in Europe in 1992. The European Working Group on Home Treatment for @entity1576 .

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory insufficiency']


abstract: AIM: To assess the potential of using vaccination with @entity2523 or @entity8209 , in modulating local subcutaneous inflammatory response and @entity604 following coinfection with both bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity19 were immunized against either @entity2523 or @entity8209 . The cytokine response to @entity325 with @entity2523 and @entity8209 was evaluated using the subcutaneous chamber model. The @entity604 induced by @entity325 was evaluated by micro-CT using the experimental @entity2521 model. Serum levels of specific antibodies were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Vaccination with either bacterium produced a specific humoral response before infection. Animals immunized against either bacteria following a @entity325 with @entity2523 and @entity8209 , showed decreased TNFalpha (but not IL-1beta) levels as compared with non-immunized animals. However, the vaccination did not change the level of mixed @entity604 when compared with non-immunized animals. Six weeks following the @entity325 , specific antibody titres remained high. Furthermore, specific antibodies against the non-immunized bacterium were present at high levels. CONCLUSIONS: While vaccination produced specific antibodies and suppressed the inflammatory response, it failed to prevent or reduce the progression of experimental @entity2521 induced by @entity325 with @entity2523 and @entity8209 .

title: Vaccination of @entity19 with @entity2523 or @entity8209 modulates the inflammatory response, but fails to prevent experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['F. nucleatum', 'Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar bone loss', 'infection-induced alveolar bone loss']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['oral mixed infection', 'mixed infection']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: Testing feces for occult blood is widely recommended as a means of detecting subclinical @entity14 . Guaiac tests such as Hemoccult are the most widely used, but chemical sensitivity is relatively low and the tests are affected by dietary peroxidases, the state of fecal hydration, and certain drugs. The newly devised HemoQuant and immunologic techniques appear more sensitive and specific, but they require further evaluation before widespread clinical usage can be recommended. Occult blood screening has both merits and weaknesses. Testing does uncover subclinical @entity14 , often at a relatively early stage, but whether this actually improves the prognosis remains to be proven. Benign neoplastic @entity1127 are also detected, although it is debatable whether this is a valid rationale for screening. Test sensitivity for @entity5 varies from good to moderate, but is poor for benign @entity1127 . Specificity is usually around 97%-98%, yet the predictive value of a positive test for @entity5 is only about 10%; hence most test-positive individuals are needlessly subjected to invasive colonic investigations. Reported figures on public compliance with occult blood testing vary widely from excellent to poor. Published costs of screening are usually quite low, but these overlook important indirect and hidden expenses and are therefore misleading. On balance, the problems of occult blood testing currently appear to outweight the merits. This could change, however, with the newer testing techniques and with awaited mortality data from controlled clinical trials now underway.

title: The pros and cons of fecal occult blood testing for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasms']


abstract: A microtransplantation approach has been used in order to achieve more complete reinnervation of the @entity935 denervated @entity35 striatum by fetal nigral cell suspensions injected into multiple striatal sites. A total of 450,000 cells, obtained from the ventral mesencephalon of embryonic day 14 @entity35 fetuses, were implanted either in the conventional way as two 1.8-microliters deposits centrally in the head of the caudate-putamen ('Macro grafts'), or as eighteen 0.2-microliter deposits disseminated over six needle penetrations in the same area using a 50-70 microns glass capillary tip ('Micro grafts'). Non-grafted lesioned @entity35 served as controls. @entity935 neuron survival (as assessed by @entity669 hydroxylase immunohistochemistry at 4 months after transplantation) was 2.8-fold greater in the Micro grafts as compared to the Macro grafts. Striatal @entity935 tissue levels (determined in a separate group of @entity35 ) was increased 2.5-fold in the head of the caudate-putamen (from 12.5% of normal in the Macro graft group to 30% of normal in the Micro graft group). Consistent with this, the overall graft-derived @entity669 hydroxylase positive fiber outgrowth was more extensive in the Micro graft group and covered larger areas of the previously denervated caudate-putamen. The results show that distribution of the fetal nigral tissue in multiple small deposits provides for increased @entity935 neuron survival, probably because of a closer contact between the implanted cells and the surrounding host striatal tissue in the small-sized graft deposits. @entity548 and @entity39 at the implantation site may also have contributed to this effect. The present microtransplantation procedure is an efficient means to increase overall @entity935 neuron survival and to achieve more complete reinnervation of the denervated striatum in the @entity35 Parkinson model. It also substantially increased the reproducibility of DA graft survival between animals.

title: Improved graft survival and striatal reinnervation by microtransplantation of fetal nigral cell suspensions in the XXXX Parkinson model.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Less bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We describe the 5 year experience of a genetic counselling program for @entity303 (the PICOGEN program). METHODS: The neurologist selected the candidates for genetic testing in the screening visit based on family history and phenotype ( @entity195 , @entity747 , or @entity1579 ). Asymptomatic subjects who decided to know their genetic status were evaluated within a structured protocol by the psychiatrist and psychologist prior to entering the program and followed up afterwards. RESULTS: A total of 87 @entity1 from 72 families were candidates for the genetic study, 20 of the 72 families had a family history of autosomal dominant early-onset @entity303 (ADEOD). A pathogenic mutation was found in 22 @entity1 (8 @entity3666 , 1 @entity3667 , 1 APP, 4 @entity3668 , 8 @entity3669 ), 5 of which had not been previously described. All positive cases, except for 1 @entity3666 (12.5%) and 4 @entity3669 (50%) showed ADEOD. In 3 ADEOD cases (15%) no pathogenic mutation was found. After individual genetic counselling, 24/54 asymptomatic subjects at risk decided to have the pre-symptomatic study, of whom 10 (42%) were carriers of the pathogenic mutation. In the follow up, no major @entity146 complication was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, family history of ADEOD was a sensitive criterion for the detection of pathogenic mutations in @entity195 and @entity747 but not in @entity1579 . No @entity74 were detected in 15% of the ADEOD cases using conventional diagnostic procedures, and 43% of pre-symptomatic subjects at risk who received individual genetic counselling decided to have the study. The pre-symptomatic diagnosis proved to be safe under these conditions.

title: PICOGEN: five years experience with a genetic counselling program for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['familial dementias', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion disease', 'prion diseases']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration-FTLD', 'FTLD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease-AD']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the @entity1600 detection rates, accuracy in predicting the status of lymph node @entity3 , and if pathologic ultrastaging improves the detection of micrometastases and isolated @entity5 cells at the time of primary surgery for cervical @entity5 . METHODS: A prospective, non-randomized study of @entity1 with early-stage (FIGO stage IA1 with lymphovascular space involvement--IIA) cervical @entity189 was conducted from June 2003 to August 2009. All @entity1 underwent an intraoperative intracervical blue dye injection. @entity1 who underwent a preoperative lymphoscintigraphy received a 99m Tc @entity599 colloid injection in addition. All @entity1 underwent @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) identification followed by a complete pelvic node and parametrial dissection. @entity1600 were evaluated using our institutional protocol that included pathologic ultrastaging. RESULTS: @entity1600 mapping was successful in 77 (95%) of 81 @entity1 . A total of 316 @entity1600 were identified, with a median of 3 @entity1600 per @entity1 (range, 0-10 @entity1600 ). The majority (85%) of @entity1600 were located at three main sites: the external iliac (35%); internal iliac (30%); and obturator (20%). Positive @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) were identified in 26 (32%) @entity1 , including 21 @entity1 with positive @entity1600 . Fifteen of 21 @entity1 (71%) had @entity1600 @entity3 detected on routine processing. @entity1600 ultrastaging detected @entity3 in an additional 6/21 @entity1 (29%). Two @entity1 had grossly positive @entity1600 at exploration, and mapping was abandoned. Three of 26 (12%) @entity1 had successful @entity1600 mapping; however, the @entity1600 failed to identify the metastatic @entity1600 . Of these 3 false negative cases, 2 @entity1 had a metastatic parametrial node as the only positive @entity1600 with multiple negative pelvic nodes including negative @entity1600 . One @entity1 with stage IA1 disease and @entity3 had unilateral @entity1600 mapping and a metastatic common iliac @entity1600 identified on completion lymphadenectomy of the contralateral side that did not map. The 4 (5%) @entity1 with unsuccessful mapping included 1 who had grossly positive nodes identified at the time of laparotomy; the remaining 3 occurred during each surgeon's initial @entity1600 mapping learning phase. CONCLUSION: @entity1600 mapping in @entity5 yields high detection rates. Ultrastaging improves micrometastasis detection. Parametrectomy and side-specific lymphadenectomy (in cases of failed mapping) remain important components of the surgical management of selected cases.

title: Sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'early-stage cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'sentinel lymph node', 'SLN', 'lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage cervical carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes of @entity1 with suspected @entity2259 , we performed a prospective cohort study. METHODS: Clinical data were collected within 24 hours of initial culture from a random sample of 1516 episodes in which blood cultures were performed in an urban tertiary care hospital. One hundred forty-two @entity1 with @entity2259 were compared with two comparison groups: (1) 142 randomly selected @entity1 with negative cultures, matched in age within 5 years, gender, severity of underlying disease, and presence of major comorbidity, and (2) all 155 @entity1 with contaminant cultures. The main outcome measures were @entity204 , @entity204 , and major complications. RESULTS: In the 439 @entity1 , there were 142 @entity204 (32%), 114 at 1 year (26%) and 46 within 30 days (11%). Mortality at 30 days was most highly correlated with predicted fatality of underlying disease: 48% for the 65 @entity1 with a rapidly fatal disease, 9% for the 156 @entity1 with an eventually fatal disease, and 0.5% for the 217 @entity1 with no fatal disease. In a Cox survival analysis, the risk ratio associated with @entity2259 was 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.4) vs the comparison groups. When we performed time-dependent Cox analyses in which the hazard ratio was allowed to change at 30 days, we found that the risk ratios associated with @entity2259 were 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.4) for the first 30 days, and 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.76 to 2.1) after 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that this population has a high mortality, which is strongly correlated with severity of underlying disease. Short-term mortality was higher in @entity1 with @entity2259 even after controlling for severity of illness, but the increase in risk was present only during the first month and most @entity204 occurred in @entity1 with a rapidly fatal disease.

title: How bad are XXXX and sepsis? Outcomes in a cohort with suspected @entity2259 .

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death secondary to bacteremia', 'death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The previously reported procedure for determination of the @entity5244 sum in fatty food involved the extraction of @entity5600 using @entity3636 / @entity1042 followed by removal of the solvents before alkaline hydrolysis requiring 20 h and derivatization of @entity5244 . In this study, a phase-transfer catalyst ( @entity19369 ) was used in the liquid-liquid heterogeneous hydrolysis of @entity5600 in oil matrix shortening the reaction time to within 25 min. Resulting @entity5244 in the hydrolysate was extracted by a novel molecular complex-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method coupled with back-extraction before high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the linearity of the method was in the range of 0.5-12 nmol/g with the correlation coefficients (r) >0.997. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.11 nmol/g. Intra-day and inter-day repeatability values expressed as relative standard deviation were 3.9 and 7.1%, respectively. The recovery rates ranged from 82.4 to 99.0%. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of @entity5244 sum in seven edible oils. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Determination of total XXXX in edible oils by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection.

entities_list: @entity19369 :: ('MESH:C009405', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrabutylammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalate', 'phthalic acid']

entities_list: @entity5600 :: ('CHEBI:26092', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalates']

answer: @entity5600 :: (CHEBI:26092,Chemical) :: ['phthalates']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of cognitive therapy (CT) for @entity308 has been well established. Measures of the adequacy of therapists' delivery of treatment are critical to facilitating therapist training and treatment dissemination. While some studies have shown an association between CT competence and outcome, researchers have yet to address whether competence ratings predict subsequent outcomes. METHOD: In a sample of 60 moderately to severely @entity308 outpatients from a clinical trial, we examined competence ratings (using the Cognitive Therapy Scale) as a predictor of subsequent symptom change. RESULTS: Competence ratings predicted session-to-session symptom change early in treatment. In analyses focused on prediction of symptom change following 4 early sessions through the end of 16 weeks of treatment, competence was shown to be a significant predictor of evaluator-rated end-of-treatment depressive symptom severity and was predictive of self-reported symptom severity at the level of a nonsignificant trend. To investigate whether competence is more important to clients with specific complicating features, we examined 4 @entity1 characteristics as potential moderators of the competence-outcome relation. Competence was more highly related to subsequent outcome for @entity1 with higher @entity148 , an earlier age of onset, and (at a trend level) @entity1 with a chronic form of @entity308 ( @entity308 or dysthymia) than for those @entity1 without these characteristics. Competence ratings were not more predictive of subsequent outcomes among @entity1 who met (vs. those who did not meet) criteria for a @entity1314 (i.e., among @entity1314 represented in the clinical trial). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide support for the potential utility of CT competence ratings in applied settings.

title: Therapist competence in cognitive therapy for XXXX : predicting subsequent symptom change.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder', 'personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['chronic depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity5338 (LUG) and @entity5338 _HOMOLOG (LUH) encode two closely related @entity958 proteins, belonging to the @entity5339 /TLE family of transcriptional co-repressors. These two genes were previously shown to exhibit partially overlapping functions in embryo and flower development. In this report, the role of both LUH and LUG on seed mucilage extrusion was examined. Seed mucilage extrusion occurs after the seeds are imbibed, serving as functional aid in seed hydration, germination, and dispersal. While luh-1 mutants exhibited strong defects in seed mucilage extrusion, lug-3 mutants exhibited a minor phenotype in mucilage extrusion. Further characterization indicates that luh-1 does not exhibit any obvious defect in seed epidermal cell differentiation, mucilage synthesis, or mucilage deposition, suggesting a specific role of LUH in mucilage extrusion. This seed mucilage phenotype of luh-1 is identical to that of mucilage modified 2 ( @entity5340 ) mutants. @entity5340 encodes a b-galactosidase required for the modification of the mucilage. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of RNA extracted from siliques detected a slight decrease of @entity5340 mRNA in the luh-1 mutant compared to the wild type. Together, LUH and possibly LUG may specifically regulate mucilage extrusion by promoting the expression of genes required for mucilage maturation.

title: @entity5338 _HOMOLOG and @entity5338 regulate seed mucilage extrusion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Almost a decade after the publication of the complete sequence of the genome of the @entity1 @entity311 parasite @entity3964 , the mechanisms involved in gene regulation remain poorly understood. Like other eukaryotic organisms, @entity3964 's genomic DNA organizes into nucleosomes. Nucleosomes are the basic structural units of eukaryotic chromatin and their regulation is known to play a key role in regulation of gene expression. Despite its importance, the relationship between nucleosome positioning and gene regulation in the @entity311 parasite has only been investigated recently. Using two independent and complementary techniques followed by next-generation high-throughput sequencing, our laboratory recently generated a dynamic atlas of nucleosome-bound and nucleosome-free regions (NFRs) at single- @entity377 resolution throughout the parasite erythrocytic cycle. We have found evidences that genome-wide changes in nucleosome occupancy play a critical role in controlling the rigorous parasite replication in infected red blood cells. However, the role of nucleosome positioning at remarkable locations such as @entity1021 ( @entity1021 ) was not investigated. Here we show that a study of NFR in experimentally determined @entity1021 and in silico-predicted promoters can provide deeper insights of how a transcriptionally permissive organization of chromatin can control the parasite's progression through its life cycle. We find that NFRs found at @entity1021 and core promoters are strongly associated with high levels of gene expression in asexual erythrocytic stages, whereas nucleosome-bound TSSs and promoters are associated with silent genes preferentially expressed in sexual stages. The implications in terms of regulatory evolution, adaptation of gene expression and their impact in the design of antimalarial strategies are discussed.

title: Nucleosome occupancy at transcription start sites in the @entity1 XXXX parasite: a hard-wired evolution of virulence?

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['transcriptional start sites', 'TSS']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']