abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of infliximab and @entity228 treatment on the lipid profile in @entity1 with active @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Infliximab infusions were given at weeks 0, 2, 6 and then every 8 weeks. Before each infusion, disease activity parameters (Disease Activity Index 28-Joint Score (DAS28)) @entity1851 (CRP) and lipid levels (total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ) and @entity755 ) were measured in 80 consecutive @entity1 with @entity309 , who completed the study period of 48 weeks. Longitudinal analyses were used to investigate (1) the course of lipid levels over a period of time and (2) the relationship between lipids, @entity229 dose and disease activity. RESULTS: Infliximab treatment causes a significant @entity66 and a concomitant decrease in @entity229 dose. Although they initially improved significantly, all lipid levels had returned to baseline levels after 48 weeks, except for @entity1675 . Longitudinal analyses revealed significant yet opposite associations between lipid levels and disease activity and between lipid levels and @entity229 dose. DAS28 improvement by 1 point was associated with an increase of 0.016 mmol/l (0.618 mg/dl) total @entity165 and 0.045 mmol/l (1.737 mg/dl) HDL- @entity165 . Reduction of 10 mg @entity229 was associated with a decrease of 0.04 mmol/l (1.544 mg/dl) total @entity165 and 0.16 mmol/l (6.177 mg/dl) HDL- @entity165 . CONCLUSION: Overall, no changes in serum lipid levels were observed after 48 weeks of infliximab treatment. The initial beneficial effects of infliximab on the lipid profile, by means of a reduction of disease activity, are attenuated by a concomitant decrease in @entity229 dose.

title: Changes in lipid profile during infliximab and corticosteroid treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in disease activity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apo A1', 'apolipoprotein A1']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Almost all @entity356 are  @entity420 , which have considerable heterogeneity among @entity1 . We sought to identify subtypes of @entity356 with particular biological properties and responses to chemotherapy and targeted agents. METHODS: We compared gene expression patterns among 248 @entity356 ; using a robust method of unsupervised clustering, consensus hierarchical clustering with iterative feature selection, we identified 3 major subtypes. We developed a classifier for these subtypes and validated it in 70 @entity5 from a different population. We identified distinct genomic and epigenomic properties of the subtypes. We determined drug sensitivities of the subtypes in @entity5 using clinical survival data, and in  cell lines through high-throughput drug screening. RESULTS: We identified 3 subtypes of @entity356 : proliferative, metabolic, and mesenchymal. @entity5 of the proliferative subtype had high levels of genomic instability, @entity876 mutations, and DNA hypomethylation. @entity5 cells of the metabolic subtype were more sensitive to @entity1487 than the other subtypes. Furthermore, in 2  independent groups of @entity1 , those with @entity5 of the metabolic subtype appeared to have greater benefits with @entity1487 treatment. @entity5 of the mesenchymal subtype contain cells with features of @entity5 stem cells, and cell lines of this subtype are particularly sensitive to @entity4357 3-kinase- @entity584 - @entity3470 inhibitors in  vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Based on gene expression patterns, we classified @entity356 into 3 subtypes, and validated these in an independent set of @entity5 . The subgroups have differences in molecular and genetic features and response to therapy; this information might be used to select specific treatment approaches for @entity1 with @entity356 .

title: Identification of molecular subtypes of XXXX with different responses to PI3-kinase inhibitors and @entity1487 .

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'primary tumors', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors', 'gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinomas', 'gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric cancers']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the incidence, management, and outcomes of @entity174 at a level 1 @entity130 center. @entity130 @entity1 with @entity174 admitted to a level 1 @entity130 center over a 3-year period were identified. Prospective clinical and functional follow-up was undertaken, including further radiographic imaging. The incidence of @entity174 in @entity1 presenting to our level 1 @entity130 center was 1.7/1,000 per year. Twenty-four @entity1 were followed up at a mean of 27 months @entity130 . There was one case of isolated @entity174 ; all other @entity1 had sustained additional orthopedic, cervical spine, and/or @entity542 . Seven (29%) @entity1 sustained unilateral Type III avulsion @entity174 , none of which were @entity130 . @entity131 was detected in 46% of study @entity1 , and 42% had cervical @entity130 . External halothoracic immobilization was used in 33% of cases. @entity174 union with anatomical alignment occurred in 21 @entity1 (88%). No @entity1 had @entity129 at admission or follow-up. Three @entity1 (12.5%) had moderate to severe neck @entity158 /disability at follow-up, all of whom had sustained @entity1230 . @entity174 most frequently occur in conjunction with additional injuries, particularly head and cervical spine injuries. Most cases can be managed successfully nonoperatively. Functional outcome is generally determined by @entity158 and disability related to other injuries, rather than @entity174 .

title: XXXX : incidence and clinical follow-up at a level 1 @entity130 centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficit']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'occipital fracture configuration', 'Occipital condyle fractures', 'Fracture', 'occipital condyle fractures', 'occipital condyle fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['spine injury', 'post-injury', 'trauma', 'Blunt trauma', 'isolated injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Occipital condyle fractures']


abstract: We briefly review the surgical approaches to @entity259 associated with @entity13081 ( @entity259 / @entity13081 ). The recommended surgical approaches are usually based on the age of the affected carrier/ @entity1 , @entity5 staging and the specific rearranged during transfection codon mutation. We have focused mainly on young @entity1 with no apparent disease who are carrying a germline rearranged during transfection mutation. Successful management of @entity259 in these cases depends on early diagnosis and treatment. Total thyroidectomy should be performed before 6 months of age in @entity1 carrying the rearranged during transfection 918 codon mutation, by the age of 3 years in rearranged during transfection 634 mutation carriers, at 5 years of age in carriers with level 3 risk rearranged during transfection mutations, and by the age of 10 years in level 4 risk rearranged during transfection mutations. @entity1 with @entity259 >5 mm detected by ultrasound, and basal calcitonin levels >40 pg/ml, frequently have cervical and upper mediastinal lymph node @entity3 . In the latter @entity1 , total thyroidectomy should be complemented by extensive lymph node dissection. Also, we briefly review our data from a large @entity259 genealogy harboring a germline rearranged during transfection @entity37029 mutation. All 14 screened carriers of the rearranged during transfection @entity37029 mutation who underwent total thyroidectomy before the age of 12 years presented persistently undetectable serum levels of @entity175 (<2 pg/ml) during the follow-up period of 2-6 years. Although it is recommended that preventive total thyroidectomy in rearranged during transfection codon 620 mutation carriers is performed before the age of 5 years, in this particular family the surgical intervention performed before the age of 12 years led to an apparent biochemical cure.

title: Surgical approach to @entity259 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity37029 :: ('p|SUB|C|620|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Cys620Arg']

entities_list: @entity13081 :: ('MESH:D018813', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['familial medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid tumor']

answer: @entity13081 :: (MESH:D018813,Disease) :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively compare absolute and relative washout of adrenal metastases in @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and @entity157 ( @entity157 ) to that of @entity652 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between November 1994 and August 2011, in this institutional review board-approved study (with waiver of informed consent), 16 @entity1 with 19 adrenal metastases (16 in 13 @entity1358 @entity1 , three in three @entity157 @entity1 ) and 20 @entity1 with 21 @entity652 (16 in 15 @entity1358 @entity1 , five in five @entity157 @entity1 ) underwent dedicated adrenal protocol consisting of unenhanced, 1-minute contrast material-enhanced, and 15-minute delayed contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). The attenuation values and percentage enhancement washout, including absolute percentage washout (APW) and relative percentage washout (RPW), were calculated. If available, histologic findings and the change in the size of @entity75 were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed by using generalized estimating equation and coefficient of variation. RESULTS: The mean APW of the metastases (observer 1, 67%    11 [standard deviation]; observer 2, 63%    12) was not significantly different from that of @entity652 (observer 1, 73%    9; observer 2, 72%    12) for observer 1 (P = .143) and was significantly different for observer 2 (P = .029). The mean RPW of the metastases (observer 1, 46%    11; observer 2, 43%    12) was significantly lower than that of @entity652 (observer 1, 62%    19; observer 2, 60%    17) (all P < .001 for each observer). With a threshold of 60% for APW or 40% for RPW, 95% (18 of 19) and 89% (17 of 19), respectively, of the metastases were falsely diagnosed as lipid-poor @entity652 by each observer. All nine metastases that were followed up at CT had a substantial growth in size. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity1358 and @entity157 who undergo dedicated adrenal CT imaging for known @entity75 , the percentage enhancement washout of adrenal metastases is similar to that of lipid-poor @entity652 . Careful imaging follow-up or pathologic tissue confirmation is needed.

title: Evaluation of adrenal metastases from @entity1358 and XXXX : use of delayed contrast-enhanced CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal adenoma', 'adenomas', 'adrenal adenomas']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: : There is no universally accepted definition for @entity1 at high risk of @entity3604 . OBJECTIVES: : This study aimed to survey Spanish rheumatologists; to obtain opinions about risk factors, and an acceptable definition for @entity1 at high risk of @entity3604 ; and to compare daily practice patterns with current @entity170 guidelines. METHODS: : A total of 174 rheumatologists from throughout Spain completed an online survey about various risk factors for @entity174 and about the management of @entity1 with @entity170 in clinical practice. Results were reviewed by a coordinating committee of @entity170 experts and were compared with published national and international guideline recommendations. RESULTS: : Almost all rheumatologists who completed the survey (99%) consider that a group of @entity1 exists with a high risk of @entity3604 and that this group should be managed appropriately. Previous @entity174 is considered the most important risk factor, particularly in cases of @entity174 , severe @entity174 , @entity173 , or @entity174 despite @entity170 treatment. However, in @entity170 guidelines, age, bone mineral density, and previous @entity174 are the most important risk factors for new @entity174 . Furthermore, Spanish rheumatologists tend to treat @entity1 at high risk of @entity174 with anabolic therapy (e.g., teriparatide), whereas guidelines make no such recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: : In @entity170 , a large gap exists between implementation of guideline recommendations and actual clinical practice; this may be due, in part, to heterogeneity among existing guidelines. Thus, inclusion in guidelines of a practical definition of high risk of @entity3604 may provide significant opportunities to improve @entity1 care and prevent future @entity174 . KEY POINTS: :

title: Defining high risk of XXXX : a cross talk between clinical experience and guidelines recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['multiple fracture', 'fragility fractures', 'vertebral fracture', 'fragility fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fracture']


abstract: Autocrine growth mechanisms of leukemic blast progenitors in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) were investigated. Colony formation of leukemic blast progenitors was observed in 14 of 14 @entity1 tested when purified blast cell fraction depleted of both T cells and monocytes was plated in methylcellulose without any colony-stimulating factor (CSF). However, there existed a minimal cell density required to initiate blast progenitor growth with marked @entity1 -to- @entity1 variation. To clarify the role of cell density on the spontaneous growth of blast progenitors, we tested whether leukemic cells produced and secreted some stimulatory humoral factor(s). Production of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) by blast cells was observed in 17 of 18 @entity1 tested. Following further depletion of monocytes, the CSA levels decreased markedly in 14 @entity1 , indicating that blast cells with monocytoid differentiation were responsible for CSA production. We also confirmed @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) and/or @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) production by leukemic blasts using specific immunologic assays. When leukemic cells were divided into nonadherent nonphagocytic cell fraction and adherent cell fraction, only nonadherent nonphagocytic cells showed clonogenecity and adherent blast cells lacked the colony-forming capacity. The results indicate that there are at least two blast cell subpopulations in @entity3052 : one is proliferating subpopulation with self-renewal capacity and the other is supporting subpopulation with functions such as CSF production. The quite intimate relationship between these two blast cell subpopulations in @entity3052 may play an important role on the growth of leukemic blast progenitors in vitro.

title: Autocrine growth mechanisms of the progenitors of blast cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors of factor analysis-derived Gulf War-related syndromes. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. @entity1 : A total of 249 Gulf War veterans from the Twenty-fourth Reserve Naval Mobile Construction Battalion. DATA COLLECTION: @entity1 completed standardized booklets measuring self-reported wartime exposures and present symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Associations of factor analysis-derived syndromes with risk factors for chemical interactions that inhibit butyrylcholinesterase and @entity16 . RESULTS: Risk of syndrome 1 (" @entity73 ") was greater in veterans who reported wearing flea collars during the war (5 of 20, 25%) than in those who never wore them (7 of 229, 3%; relative risk [RR], 8.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0-24.7; P<.001). Risk of syndrome 2 (" @entity2055 ") increased with a scale of advanced adverse effects from @entity4836 (chi2 for trend, P<.001), was greater among veterans who believed they had been involved in chemical weapons exposure (18 of 108, 17%) than in those who did not (3 of 141, 2%; RR, 7.8; 95% CI, 2.3-25.9; P<.001), and was increased in veterans who had been in a sector of far northeastern Saudi Arabia on the fourth day of the air war (6 of 21, 29%) than in those who had not been (15 of 228, 7%; RR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.9-10.0; P=.004). Effects of perceived chemical weapons exposure and advanced adverse effects from @entity4836 were synergistic (Rothman S, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.04-26.7). Risk of syndrome 3 ("arthro-myo-neuropathy") increased with an index of frequency and amount of government-issued insect repellent containing 75% DEET ( @entity2471 ) in @entity1068 applied during the war (chi2 for trend, P<.001) and with advanced adverse effects from @entity4836 (chi2 for trend, P<.001). CONCLUSION: Some Gulf War veterans may have delayed, chronic @entity2359 syndromes from wartime exposure to combinations of chemicals that inhibit butyrylcholinesterase and @entity16 .

title: Self-reported exposure to XXXX chemical combinations in the Gulf War. A cross-sectional epidemiologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cognition']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy target esterase']

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine bromide', 'pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity2471 :: ('MESH:D003671', 'Chemical') :: ['N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['confusion-ataxia']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxic']


abstract: Gene therapy has many potential applications in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including the selective killing of @entity5 cells in the brain. A @entity35 @entity1313 model was used to test the herpes simplex virus (HSV)- @entity1014 kinase (TK) gene for its ability to selectively kill C6 and 9L @entity5 cells in the brain following systemic administration of the @entity2353 analog @entity4540 . The HSV-TK gene was introduced in vitro into @entity5 cells ( @entity36 and 9L-TK), then these modified @entity5 cells were evaluated for their sensitivity to cell killing by @entity4540 . In a dose-response assay, both @entity36 and 9L-TK cells were 100 times more sensitive to killing by @entity4540 (median lethal dose: @entity36 , 0.1 microgram @entity4540 /ml; C6, 5.0 micrograms @entity4540 /ml) than unmodified wild-type @entity5 cells or cultured fibroblasts. In vivo studies confirmed the ability of intraperitoneal @entity4540 administration to kill established @entity1313 in @entity35 as quantified by both stereological assessment of @entity1313 volumes and studies of animal survival over 90 days. @entity35 with @entity1313 established by intracerebral injection of wild-type or HSV-TK modified @entity5 cells or by a combination of wild-type and HSV-TK-modified cells were studied with and without @entity4540 treatments. Stereological methods determined that @entity4540 treatment eliminated @entity5 composed of HSV-TK-modified cells while control @entity5 grew as expected (p < 0.001). In survival studies, all 10 @entity35 with 9L-TK @entity5 treated with @entity4540 survived 90 days while all untreated @entity35 died within 25 days. Curiously, @entity5 composed of combinations of 9L and 9L-TK cells could be eliminated by @entity4540 treatments even when only one-half of the @entity5 cells carried the HSV-TK gene. While not completely understood, this additional @entity5 cell killing appears to be both @entity5 selective and local in nature. It is concluded that HSV-TK gene therapy with @entity4540 treatment does selectively kill @entity5 cells in the brain and has many potential applications in CNS disorders, including the treatment of @entity5 .

title: @entity1014 kinase-mediated killing of XXXX @entity1313 .

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity20649 , a stomach-derived, secreted peptide, and its receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor, @entity27953 ) are known to modulate food intake and energy homeostasis. The @entity20649 system is also expressed broadly in cardiovascular tissues. Since @entity20649 has been associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties, but is also well known to promote @entity28 and impair @entity413 metabolism, we investigated whether @entity20649 has any impact on the development of @entity731 . The hypothesis that endogenous @entity20649 signaling may be involved in @entity731 has not been tested previously. METHODS AND RESULTS: We crossed @entity20649 receptor knockout @entity19 ( @entity27953 (-/-)) into a @entity1748 -null ( @entity1748 (-/-)) @entity19 line. In this model, @entity731 were promoted by feeding a high-fat, high- @entity165 Western-type diet for 13   months, following a standard protocol. Body composition and @entity413 homeostasis were similar between @entity1748 (-/-) and @entity1748 / @entity27953 (-/-)ko @entity19 throughout the study. Absence or presence of @entity27953 did not alter the apolipoprotein profile changes in response to diet exposure on an LDLRko background. @entity731 volume in the aortic arch and thoracic aorta were also not affected differentially in @entity19 without @entity20649 signaling due to @entity27953 gene disruption as compared to control LDLRko littermates. In light of the associations reported for @entity20649 with @entity65 in @entity1 , the lack of a phenotype in these loss-of-function studies in @entity19 suggests no direct role for endogenous @entity20649 in either the inhibition or the promotion of diet-induced @entity731 . CONCLUSION: These data indicate that, surprisingly, the complex and multifaceted actions of endogenous @entity20649 receptor mediated signaling on the cardiovascular system have minimal direct impact on @entity731 plaque progression as based on a loss-of-function @entity19 model of the disease.

title: @entity27953 Deficiency does not Affect Diet-Induced XXXX in @entity1748 -Null @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1748 :: ('16835(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['low-density lipoprotein receptor', 'Ldlr']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions', 'Atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: Neurotransmitter transporters play an important role in the control of synaptic transmission by ensuring the clearance of transmitters liberated in the synaptic cleft. In the case of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, this clearance is carried out by high-affinity reuptake transporters located in the plasma membrane of the presynaptic terminals. Recently plasma membrane @entity1154 transporter ( @entity42783 ), a transporter from the SLC29 (equilibrative @entity2353 transporter) family, was shown to transport in vitro monoaminergic neurotransmitters, in particular @entity935 and @entity750 , nearly as efficiently as the high-affinity transporters. This transporter, well expressed in CNS, represents an interesting candidate for the control and modulation of aminergic pathways. We performed an extensive study of the distribution of @entity42783 in the @entity35 brain. Our results highlight @entity42783 expression in brain regions which play a pivotal role in significant CNS functions and @entity1 neuropathologies. Using in situ hybridization immunohistochemistry co-labeling, @entity42783 mRNA was found in various neuron subtypes, including glutamatergic neurons of the hippocampus, mitral cells of the olfactory bulbs and GABAergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata and hypothalamus. Paradoxically, @entity35 @entity42783 mRNA was found in some but not all monoaminergic nuclei. It was on the contrary predominantly expressed in major cholinergic groups throughout the brain, including brainstem motor nuclei, components of the basal forebrain cholinergic system and cholinergic interneurons of the striatum. These systems, implicated in locomotion, associative and spatial memory and reward-related learning, are disrupted at early stages of @entity191 and @entity195 . Taken together, our observations support a role for @entity42783 in @entity1154 uptake in cholinergic neurons.

title: Neurochemical characterization of pathways expressing plasma membrane XXXX transporter in the @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's"]

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['monoamine']


abstract: The flexibility and specificity of ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis are mediated, in part, by the E3 ubiquitin ligases. One class of E3 enzymes, @entity11066 / @entity16928 /F-box protein ( @entity6826 ), derives its specificity from F-box proteins, a heterogeneous family of adapters for target protein recognition. Grr1, the F-box component of @entity6826 (Grr1), mediates the interaction with phosphorylated forms of the G(1) cyclins @entity18753 and @entity35762 . We show that binding of @entity35762 by @entity6826 (Grr1) was dependent upon its @entity368 -rich repeat (LRR) domain and its @entity1473 terminus. Our structural model for the Grr1 LRR predicted a high density of positive charge on the concave surface of the characteristic horseshoe structure. We hypothesized that specific basic residues on the predicted concave surface are important for recognition of phosphorylated @entity35762 . We show that point mutations that converted the basic residues on the concave surface but not those on the convex surface to neutral or acidic residues interfered with the capacity of Grr1 to bind to @entity35762 . The same mutations resulted in the stabilization of @entity35762 and Gic2 and also in a spectrum of phenotypes characteristic of inactivation of GRR1, including hyperpolarization and enhancement of pseudohyphal growth. It was surprising that the same residues were not important for the role of Grr1 in nutrient-regulated transcription of HXT1 or @entity5064 . We concluded that the cationic nature of the concave surface of the Grr1 LRR is critical for the recognition of phosphorylated targets of @entity6826 (Grr1) but that other properties of Grr1 are required for its other functions.

title: F-box protein Grr1 interacts with phosphorylated targets via the cationic surface of its XXXX -rich repeat.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['leucine']


abstract: Early diagnosis of @entity1740 and @entity854 by means of digital speech processing is a subject of interest for many researchers. Various methods are introduced in the literature, some of which are able to extensively discriminate pathological voices from normal ones. @entity1740 sorting, on the other hand, has received less attention due to the complexity of the problem. Although, previous publications show satisfactory results in classifying one type of disordered voice from normal cases, or two different types of @entity854 from each other, no comprehensive approach for automatic sorting of @entity854 has been offered yet. In this paper, a solution for this problem is suggested. We create a powerful wavelet feature extraction approach, in which, instead of standard wavelets, adaptive wavelets are generated and applied to the voice signals. Orthogonal wavelets are parameterized via lattice structure and then, the optimal parameters are investigated through an iterative process, using the genetic algorithm (GA). GA is guided by the classifier results. Based on the generated wavelet, a wavelet-filterbank is constructed and the voice signals are decomposed to compute eight energy-based features. A support vector machine (SVM) then classifies the signals using the extracted features. Experimental results show that six various types of @entity74 : @entity912 , nodules, @entity1127 , @entity4 , @entity7364 and @entity9284 are fully sorted via the proposed method. This could be a successful step toward sorting a larger number of @entity854 associated with the vocal system.

title: Wavelet adaptation for XXXX sorting.

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['spasmodic dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities', 'vocal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9284 :: ('MESH:D007642', 'Disease') :: ['keratosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['vocal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice disorders', 'Voice disorders']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1740 :: (MESH:D014832,Disease) :: ['automatic voice disorders']


abstract: 36 @entity1 with @entity2622 were treated with cytostatic drugs in our department between January 1986 and December 1988. Following histological diagnosis by staging laparotomy or by means of a scalenous biopsy, 12 @entity1 received primary chemotherapy and 3 @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy following a radical hysterectomy, because of the histological extent of the disease. Twenty-one @entity1 were treated by chemotherapy because of @entity66 . Treatment consisted at first of a combination of @entity900 and @entity2879 , followed in August 1987 with a combination of @entity3003 and @entity1260 . More than 90% of @entity1 , the @entity6461 , @entity787 or both @entity5 markers were elevated before the treatment, so that the course of the @entity5 markers during chemotherapy could be followed. All @entity1 showed primary response to therapy, the @entity5 marker levels fell rapidly to normal after one or two cycles. None of these @entity1 showed @entity5 progression while the @entity5 marker levels were within the normal range. Clinical remission was not obtained in those @entity1 with levels, which remained high or rose again following an initial decrease. After only two cycles of chemotherapy, levels began to rise further and continuation of therapy did not seem justified. Chemotherapy is often the only available therapy for advanced @entity2622 or @entity66 , even though the results of treatment in @entity957 remain poor. The course of @entity6461 and/or @entity787 levels can help in an early decision, whether or not the @entity1 would profit from a continuation of the therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The course of XXXX antigen and @entity787 as prognostic criteria for response to chemotherapy in cervix @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Posterior neuropore (PNP) closure coincides with the end of gastrulation, marking the end of primary neurulation and primary body @entity2270 formation. Secondary neurulation and @entity2270 formation involve differentiation of the tail bud mesenchyme. Genetic control of the primary-secondary transition is not understood. We report a detailed analysis of gene expression in the caudal region of day 10 @entity19 embryos during primary neuropore closure. Embryos were collected at the 27-32 somite stage, fixed, processed for whole mount in situ hybridisation, and subsequently sectioned for a more detailed analysis. Genes selected for study include those involved in the key events of gastrulation and neurulation at earlier stages and more cranial levels. Patterns of expression within the tail bud, neural plate, recently closed neural tube, notochord, hindgut, mesoderm, and surface ectoderm are illustrated and described. Specifically, we report continuity of expression of the genes @entity22202 , @entity26732 , @entity44248 , @entity8739 , @entity19915 , @entity7005 , and @entity27331 from primitive streak and node into subpopulations of the tail bud and caudal axial structures. Within the caudal notochord, developing floorplate, and hindgut, @entity36944 , @entity18501 , @entity6832 , and @entity7005 expression domains correlate directly with known genetic roles and predicted tissue interdependence during induction and differentiation of these structures. The patterns of expression of @entity22202 , @entity27331 , @entity7005 , @entity19915 , and @entity44248 , together with observations on proliferation, reveal that the caudal mesoderm is organised at a molecular level into distinct domains delineated by longitudinal and transverse borders before histological differentiation. Expression of @entity22202 in the ventral ectodermal ridge supports previous evidence that this structure is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. These results provide a foundation for understanding the mechanisms facilitating transition from primary to secondary body @entity2270 formation, as well as the factors involved in defective spinal neurulation.

title: Genetic patterning of the developing XXXX tail at the time of posterior neuropore closure.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity439 repair (EVAR) is an established technique used in infrarenal @entity439 . Fenestrated and branched endografts (FBEGs) are a new option for the treatment of perirenal and Group IV @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ). With a case study design, the preparation, surgical technique, postoperative nursing care, and medical follow-up involved in Group IV @entity2334 treated with an FBEG are discussed. METHODS: Detailed imaging with state-of-the-art computed tomography scanning is used to create a custom-made endograft in which a combination of fenestrations, scallops, and covered or uncovered stents are used for the visceral arteries. This graft can be introduced in the arterial system through the femoral artery and delivered at the level of the perivisceral abdominal aorta. Perioperative nursing care in @entity1 undergoing FBEG draws from protocols of an established EVAR program. With these protocols, preoperative assessment and education are completed to ensure that the @entity1 is both physically and mentally prepared for the surgery. Intraoperatively, the nursing team is instrumental in the functioning of the case: The scrub nurse assists the surgeon while other registered nurses assist with invasive monitoring and emotional support for the conscious @entity1 . Postoperatively, @entity1 are taken directly from the recovery room to a step-down bed where close monitoring occurs. RESULTS: The use of FBEGs to treat Group IV @entity2334 reduces the acuity of @entity1 care by avoiding a thoracotomy and major surgical dissection, thus decreasing hospital length of stay. Although long-term follow-up remains limited, durability seems to be promising, and this procedure offers a viable option to high-risk @entity1 . Because EVAR with FBEG is a new procedure in Canada, nurses involved with every aspect of care are challenged to maintain high levels of competency by continually educating themselves in this evolving field.

title: Endovascular repair of perirenal and Group IV XXXX : a case study report.

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms', 'TAAAs']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Endovascular aneurysm']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare clarity, exposure and quality of anterior chamber angle visualization in @entity10064 @entity1 , using RetCam and indirect gonioscopy images. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study @entity1 . @entity10064 @entity1 over age of 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective consecutive pilot study was done in @entity10064 @entity1 who were older than 5 years. Methods used are indirect gonioscopy and RetCam imaging. Clarity of the image, extent of angle visible and details of angle structures seen were graded for both methods, on digitally recorded images, in each eye, by two masked observers. OUTCOME MEASURES: Image clarity, interobserver agreement. RESULTS: 40 eyes of 25 @entity10064 @entity1 were studied. RetCam image had excellent clarity in 77.5% of @entity1 versus 47.5% by gonioscopy. The extent of angle seen was similar by both methods. Agreement between RetCam and gonioscopy images regarding details of angle structures was 72.50% by observer 1 and 65.00% by observer 2. CONCLUSIONS: There was good agreement between RetCam and indirect gonioscopy images in detecting angle structures of @entity10064 @entity1 . However, RetCam provided greater clarity, with better quality, and higher magnification images. RetCam can be a useful alternative to gonioscopy in @entity1 and small @entity1 without the need for general anesthesia.

title: Comparative evaluation of RetCam vs. gonioscopy images in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma', 'Congenital glaucoma']

answer: @entity10064 :: (MESH:C565547,Disease) :: ['congenital glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity18723 ( @entity18723 ) has been associated with several disease complexes, including reproductive failure. The aim of this study was to identify the subtypes of @entity18723 that are associated with reproductive failure in @entity1707 from the State of S  o Paulo, Brazil and to investigate co-infections with other infectious organisms. FINDINGS: Samples of 168 aborted foetuses or mummified foetuses from five farrow-to-finish @entity1707 farms known to be infected with @entity18723 and located in the State of S  o Paulo were tested for @entity18723 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples were additionally tested for @entity14918 ), Leptospira spp. and Brucella spp. by PCR. @entity18723 was detected in 18 of the samples (10.7%). @entity2286 , Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp were found in 2, 10 and 0 cases, respectively. Eleven @entity18723 strains were sequenced and determined to be either genotype 2a (n = 1) or 2b (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the frequency of @entity18723 infections in aborted porcine foetuses from the State of S  o Paulo is rather low (10.7%) and that @entity325 with other pathogens is common and may be involved in @entity18723 associated reproductive failure. No repeatable, characteristic @entity535 motifs for regions of the @entity18723 capsid protein seemed to be associated with abortion in sows.

title: Detection of porcine circovirus genotypes 2a and 2b in aborted foetuses from infected XXXX herds in the State of S  o Paulo, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity14918 :: ('10796', 'Species') :: ['porcine parvovirus (PPV']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infection']

entities_list: @entity18723 :: ('85708', 'Species') :: ['PCV2', 'Porcine circovirus type 2']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this phase II study was to determine the response rate in @entity1 with @entity263 given @entity1311 / @entity12749 / @entity3003 for weeks 1, 2, and 3 of a 4-week cycle. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-four @entity1 were registered into the trial. @entity1311 80 mg/m2 and @entity3003 area under the curve of 2 were administered intravenously on days 2, 9, and 16, and oral @entity12749 280 mg 3 times daily was given on days 1-3, 8-10, and 15-17 for 6 cycles. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0, 1, and 2 was 46%, 41%, and 13%, respectively, and median age was 70 years (range, 53-82 years), with 58 @entity1 (69%) aged > 65 years. The majority of @entity1 (83%) were white. Fifteen @entity1 (18%) had received previous chemotherapy, 61 @entity1 (73%) had undergone previous surgery, and 51 @entity1 (61%) had received previous external-beam radiation therapy. RESULTS: Intent-to-treat analysis revealed a > or = 50% prostate-specific antigen decrease rate of 61%. Median survival was 15.3 months. The most frequent grade > or = 3 @entity137 included @entity1295 (11%), @entity390 (10%), @entity1398 (9%), @entity417 (6%), and @entity391 (6%). CONCLUSION: @entity1311 / @entity12749 / @entity3003 administered in a weekly regimen is highly effective in the treatment of @entity263 and can be administered with reasonable safety in an outpatient setting.

title: A phase II study of weekly @entity1311 / @entity12749 / @entity3003 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity12749 :: ('MESH:D004961', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer']


abstract: In @entity851 , the CS overlaps with the US and only a brainstem-cerebellar circuit is necessary for learning. In trace eyeblink conditioning, the CS ends before the US is delivered and several forebrain structures, including the hippocampus, are required for learning, in addition to a brainstem-cerebellar circuit. The interstimulus interval (ISI) between CS onset and US onset is perhaps the most important factor in classical conditioning, but studies comparing delay and trace conditioning have typically not matched these procedures in this crucial factor, so it is often difficult to determine whether results are due to differences between delay and trace or to differences in ISI. In the current study, we employed a 580-ms CS-US interval for both delay and trace conditioning and compared hippocampal @entity1249 activity and cerebellar interpositus nucleus activity in order to determine whether a unique signature of trace conditioning exists in patterns of single-unit activity in either structure. Long-Evans @entity35 were chronically implanted in either @entity1249 or interpositus with microwire electrodes and underwent either @entity851 , or trace eyeblink conditioning with a 300-ms trace period between CS offset and US onset. On trials with a CR in delay conditioning, @entity1249 pyramidal cells showed increases in activation (relative to a pre-CS baseline) during the CS-US period in sessions 1-4 that was attenuated by sessions 5-6. In contrast, on trials with a CR in trace conditioning, @entity1249 pyramidal cells did not show increases in activation during the CS-US period until sessions 5-6. In sessions 5-6, increases in activation were present only to the CS and not during the trace period. For @entity35 with interpositus electrodes, activation of interpositus neurons on CR trials was present in all sessions in both delay and trace conditioning. However, activation was greater in trace compared to delay conditioning in the first half of the CS-US interval (during the trace CS) during early sessions of conditioning and, in later sessions of conditioning, activation was greater in the second half of the CS-US interval (during the trace interval). These results suggest that the pattern of hippocampal activation that differentiates trace from @entity851 is a slow buildup of activation to the CS, possibly representing encoding of CS duration or discrimination of the CS from the background context. Interpositus nucleus neurons show strong modeling of the eyeblink CR regardless of paradigm but show a changing pattern across conditioning that may be due to the necessary contributions of forebrain processing to trace conditioning.

title: Hippocampal and cerebellar single-unit activity during delay and trace eyeblink conditioning in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['delay eyeblink conditioning']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heparin promotes angiogenesis. We evaluated the effects of combined treatment with heparin and exercise on @entity741 in the chronic stage of @entity573 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was conducted in 7 @entity1 (aged 6 to 19 years) who had a totally occluded coronary artery and stress-induced @entity741 in the collateral-dependent areas. Twice-daily exercise using a bicycle ergometer was performed with increments of 0.5 W/kg every 3 minutes up to maximal exertion for 10 days. Heparin, which immediately increased circulating hepatocyte growth factor, was given intravenously 10 minutes before each exercise period. Newly developed @entity583 , @entity1165 , @entity2142 , or @entity548 complication was not observed in any @entity1 . Dipyridamole-loading single photon emission computed tomography documented improved myocardial perfusion in the collateral-dependent areas and a significant @entity11885 scores in all @entity1 after the completion of 20 sessions (P=0.01). In control @entity1 who did not receive the heparin-exercise therapy, however, stress defect scores remained unchanged (n=1) or increased (n=2) during follow-up. Computerized quantitative coronary angiography provided evidence that the heparin-exercise therapy increased the diameter of the occluded artery to which collaterals terminated (P=0.001) but not that of the reference artery with which collaterals were not connected (P=0.96). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that a series of heparin and exercise treatments over 10 days may have a dramatic effect on the alleviation of @entity741 in collateral-dependent regions. This may be a safe, noninvasive revascularization therapy for @entity1 with @entity1563 in the chronic stage of @entity573 .

title: Alleviation of @entity741 after XXXX by heparin and exercise therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['anginal attack']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity11885 :: ('MESH:C538225', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in total defect']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgical treatment for @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 . DESIGN: Prospective evaluation of @entity1 treated consecutively between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1992. SETTING: A private practice. @entity1 : One hundred @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 . INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic treatment was performed in all @entity1 . @entity158 level was rated on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = no @entity158 , 10 = severe, disabling @entity158 ). @entity1 recorded their @entity158 levels before and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery, as well as at intervals of 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Preoperatively, the average @entity158 level reported by the @entity1 was 8.2. At 1 month after laparoscopic surgical therapy, it had dropped to 3.6, at 6 months to 1.9, and at 3 years to 2.2. Twenty @entity1 reported @entity158 levels of 5 or greater at the 6-month interval. Six of them proceeded to hysterectomy, and four of these six were found to have @entity1870 . Eleven of the 100 who had @entity158 levels greater than 5 after initial procedure had no further therapy, and 3 underwent repeat laparoscopy. CONCLUSION: Extensive laparoscopic surgery to restore normal pelvic anatomy and remove all diseased tissue, including treatment of all @entity46 , resection of @entity42 , resection of adhesions, removal of the appendix, and treatment of @entity547 when indicated, together with laparoscopic uterosacral nerve vaporization or presacral neurectomy, results in significant improvement in reported @entity158 levels.

title: Laparoscopic treatment of chronic @entity2371 in 100 adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Background. Penetrating injuries to the chest and in particular to the heart that results in @entity2293 and @entity1167 requires immediate resuscitative thoracotomy as the only lifesaving technique and should be performed without delay. Objective. To describe an external @entity2293 caused by massive tension hemothorax from penetrating injury of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA). Method. A case presentation treated at the Level I @entity130 center at Hamad General Hospital, in Doha, Qatar and review of the literature on @entity1317 reported cases. Results. @entity1317 as a cause of hemothorax is not uncommon, but to our knowledge our case is the first massive tension hemothorax with witnessed @entity1167 reported in the literature requiring emergency thoracotomy, performed in @entity130 room, with full recovery. Conclusion. Injury to the LIMA with massive tension hemothorax requires immediate resuscitative thoracotomy.

title: Left internal mammary XXXX requiring resuscitative thoracotomy: a case presentation and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['LIMA injury', 'LIMA injuries']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial tamponade', 'cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['artery injury']


abstract: The pathogenesis of @entity170 in @entity409 and post-liver transplantation is complex and heterogeneous. The development of @entity99 may be related to both increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. Available medical treatments can be broadly classified into antiresorptive and bone-stimulating agents. Most published studies on the treatment of @entity170 in @entity1 with @entity409 have used the commonly prescribed antiosteoporosis drugs approved for @entity170 . These studies have included a small number of subjects and used @entity79 ( @entity79 ) changes rather than @entity174 occurrence as an endpoint because of the short follow-up. Although the increases in @entity79 are promising, no intervention is proven to have antifracture efficacy in @entity99 . The natural history of @entity79 following liver transplantation has not been fully investigated, although studies suggest that bone mineral loss is transient and generally reverses within a year following transplantation. The approach to treatment in liver transplant recipients should be targeted at preventing the early @entity604 without interfering with the later recovery. Based on the available data, no single available agent can be considered as first-line therapy. In our opinion, the best treatment approach involves the elucidation of modifiable risk factors and the selection of agents targeted at the underlying derangements.

title: Treatment of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity409 and in liver transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'bone disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic osteodystrophy']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: We examined the efficacy and the acceptance of an oral device (SnorEx) causing a forward displacement of the tongue for the treatment of @entity387 ( @entity387 ). Twenty-three consecutive subjects with @entity387 were investigated. Noncompliance (NC) of use of the oral appliance was observed in 74% (17 of 23) of the subjects. NC @entity1 were characterized by unacceptable local side effects of the prosthesis, lacking improvement of indicators of daytime well-being, and a missing reduction of the respiratory disturbance index (RDI). The device was tolerated without side effects in 26% (6 of 23) of the subjects. In these compliant (C) subjects the RDI, @entity15354 , and snoring improved significantly (p < 0.05) compared with baseline values. After 6 mo using the device, five of the six C @entity1 were still using it. We conclude that the high rate of noncompliance and the low efficacy of the SnorEx prosthesis preclude large-scale use of this treatment modality in @entity1 with @entity387 and snoring since the local side effects are the principal cause of NC. No useful predictive parameter of treatment compliance or treatment success was found. Thus, this dental appliance should be prescribed only for selected @entity1 failing other treatment modalities seen by an experienced @entity25 specialist.

title: A new tongue advancement technique for XXXX : side effects and efficacy.

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disorders']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing', 'SDB']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep-disordered breathing']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The introduction of @entity1956 immunoglobulin (HBIG) in the early 1990s dramatically reduced recurrence of @entity1956 after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and thus improved survival. Today a combination of HBIG and a @entity2353 or @entity377 analogue (NUC) is recommended as prophylaxis. The optimal protocol is yet to be commonly agreed upon. The aim of this study was to review our results over 25 years. @entity1 AND METHODS: All 56 @entity1 (45 males and 11 females) who underwent OLT due to @entity1956 between 1985-2009 were included in the review. Median age at transplantation was 51 years (range, 18-66). Seventeen @entity1 (30%) had @entity157 ( @entity157 ) at transplantation. RESULTS: The 1- and 5-year overall survival rates were 89% and 77%, respectively. The 23 @entity1 who underwent transplantation before 2000 showed 1- and 5-year survival rates of 82% and 61%, respectively; the 33 who underwent transplantation between 2000 and 2009, the rates were 94% and 90%, respectively (P < .01). There was no difference in the 5-year survival rate between @entity1 who had or did not have been @entity157 (75% vs 78%, respectively). Recurrence of @entity1956 , defined as seroconversion to HBsAg positivity, was observed in 9 @entity1 . Three transplantation cases before 1992 consequently did not receive @entity28943 . The remaining 6, who all underwent OLT between 1993 and 2001, were administered HBIG. In all 6 cases periods of low anti-HBs titers were registered prior to recurrence; treating physician noncompliance with the protocol may have contributed to the low anti-HBs titers. No recurrence was registered after 2001. CONCLUSION: With a combination of HBIG and NUC, excellent OLT results can be achieved for @entity1956 . It is, however, still important to maintain sufficient anti-HBs titers to prevent recurrence.

title: Excellent liver transplantation survival and prevention of XXXX recurrence using @entity1956 immunoglobulin and @entity2353 or @entity377 analogue along with treating physician adherence to treatment protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B infection', 'hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intraoperative identification of the cranial nerves is a useful technique in @entity5 through the endoscopic endonasal approach. Searching through the scientific literature found one pilot study on the use of triggered electromyography (t-EMG) for identification of the VIth nerve in @entity5 (D. San-Juan, et al, 2014). AIM: The study objective was to prevent @entity128 without reducing the completeness of @entity5 tissue resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 2014, 5 @entity1 were operated on using the endoscopic endonasal approach. Surgeries were performed for large skull base @entity3580 (2 cases) and @entity21591 located in the cavernous sinus (3). Intraoperatively, identification of the cranial nerves was performed by triggered electromyography using a bipolar electrode (except 1 case of @entity3580 where a monopolar electrode was used). Evaluation of the functional activity of the cranial nerves was carried out both preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: Tumor resection was total in 4 out of 5 cases and subtotal ( @entity3580 ) in 1 case. Intraoperatively, the IIIrd (2 @entity1 ), Vth (2), and VIth (4) cranial nerves were identified. No deterioration in the function of the intraoperatively identified nerves was observed in the postoperative period. In one case, no responses from the VIth nerve on the right (in the cavernous sinus region) were intraoperatively obtained, and deep paresis (up to plegia) of the nerve-innervated muscles developed in the postoperative period. The nerve function was not impaired before surgery. CONCLUSION: The t-EMG technique is promising and requires further research.

title: [Neurophysiological identification of the cranial nerves in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'endonasal endoscopic surgery of skull base tumors', 'removal of skull base tumors']

entities_list: @entity21591 :: ('MESH:D020433', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal nerve neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injuries to the cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas', 'chordoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['endoscopic endonasal surgery of skull base tumors']


abstract: Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF; NuVasive Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) is a minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach to the thoracolumbar spine. Though the procedure is rapidly increasing in popularity, limited data is available regarding its use in deformity surgery. We aimed to evaluate radiographic correction using XLIF in adults with @entity179 . Thirty consecutive @entity1 were followed for an average of 14.3 months. Interbody fusion was completed using the XLIF technique with supplemental posterior instrumentation. Plain radiographs were obtained on all @entity1 preoperatively, postoperatively, and at most recent follow-up. Plain radiographic measurements of coronal Cobb angle, apical vertebral translation, segmental @entity1515 , global @entity1515 , disc height, neuroforaminal height and neuroforaminal width were made at each time point. CT scans were obtained for all @entity1 1 year after surgery to evaluate for fusion. There was significant improvement in multiple radiographic parameters from preoperative to postoperative. Cobb angle corrected 72.3%, apical vertebral translation corrected 59.7%, neuroforaminal height increased 80.3%, neuroforaminal width increased 7.4%, and disc height increased 116.7%. Segmental @entity1515 at L4-L5 increased 14.1% and global @entity1515 increased 11.5%. There was no significant loss of correction from postoperative to most recent follow-up. There was an 11.8% @entity1516 rate at levels treated with XLIF. Complications included lateral incisional @entity547 (n=1), rupture of anterior longitudinal ligament (n=2), wound breakdown (n=2), cardiac instability (n=1), pedicle @entity174 (n=1), and nonunion requiring revision (n=1). XLIF significantly improves @entity85 in @entity1 with @entity179 . XLIF has the ability to correct sagittal plane deformity, although it is most effective at lower lumbar levels.

title: Extreme lateral interbody fusion for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar scoliosis', 'adult degenerative scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['coronal plane deformity']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['adult degenerative scoliosis']


abstract: @entity1127 are rare @entity5 that usually arise from the proximal third of the esophagus. We present the case of a 48-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity1282 and 7-kg weight loss over a period of 2 months. A barium swallow showed a distended esophagus with a @entity5 extending from the upper esophageal sphincter to the @entity418 . On a thoracic computed tomographic scan, a homogeneous intramural mass with a density of 22 Hounsfield units was seen, which extended throughout the entire esophagus. Fiberoptic endoscopy confirmed the presence an @entity5 beginning at the upper esophageal sphincter and reaching to the @entity418 . The @entity5 was completely covered with mucosa, except for an ulcerated area at its distal end, which herniated into the stomach. On endoscopic ultrasound, the @entity5 appeared to grow submucosally and to respect the muscularis propria. Endoscopic biopsies from the ulcerated distal aspect of the @entity5 suggested a @entity2909 . None of the imaging modalities used revealed evidence of a @entity1127 or intraluminal @entity5 . Rather, a potentially @entity5 was suspected, and an esophagectomy was performed. Only at the time of removal of the specimen did it become evident that the @entity5 mass was located intraluminally with a pedicle in the region of the upper esophageal sphincter. The final pathological diagnosis was a @entity1127 .

title: Fibrovascular esophageal XXXX as a diagnostic challenge.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrovascular polyps', 'polyp', 'giant fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'esophageal tumor', 'malignant extensive intramural tumor', 'benign esophageal tumors', 'intramural tumor']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyp']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the symptoms and function of @entity1 with @entity716 who have ceased using substances to those who have @entity716 but do not have a history of substance use. METHOD: The databases EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for peer-reviewed publications in English reporting the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity716 who had stopped using substances and those who had never used substances. The searches yielded 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Four key outcome variables - positive symptoms, negative symptoms, @entity308 and global function - and four other outcome measures reported in five or more studies were examined using meta-analysis. RESULTS: Former substance-using @entity1 were significantly younger than non-substance-using @entity1 and were more likely to be male, but did not differ in age at onset of @entity716 or in their level of education. There were no significant differences between former substance users and non-substance users in ratings of positive symptoms, negative symptoms, @entity308 or global function. Among first-episode @entity1 there was a trend towards former substance users having less severe @entity308 symptoms than non-substance users. In contrast, among non-first-episode @entity1 , former substance users had significantly more @entity308 symptoms than non-substance users. In studies rated as being of higher quality, former substance users had significantly less severe positive symptoms than non-substance users. CONCLUSION: The absence of significant differences between the two groups suggests that a history of substance use is not a poor prognostic indicator for @entity1 who are able to stop using substances.

title: Do former substance users with XXXX differ in their symptoms or function from non-substance users? A systematic meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic illness', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: @entity375 @entity167 dehydrogenase is inhibited competitively by @entity19131 with respect to @entity2125 +. An unusual mechanism of competitive inhibition prevails: the competition for the substrate @entity2125 + by @entity19131 and enzyme. The following evidence supports this conclusion. (1) Much greater inhibition is observed with respect to @entity2125 + as compared with @entity2125 as substrates. (2) @entity19131 decreases the equilibrium constant of the overall reaction in the direction of @entity1068 oxidation, therefore, @entity19131 enters directly into the overall reaction rather than merely decreases the effectiveness of the catalyst. (3) The Ki values for unrelated enzyme reactions are identical for @entity2125 +. (4) Stopped-flow experiments show burst kinetics only when @entity2125 + and @entity19131 are not premixed. (5) The Ki value is identical with the inverse of the @entity19131 - @entity2125 + complexation constant. (6) The pH dependence of the inhibitor demonstrates that only the @entity42844 -species is inhibiting. These results are consistent with the preferable binding of @entity19131 to @entity2125 + as compared with @entity2125 . These two binding constants were found to be equal to 2000 +/- 60 and 130 +/- 8 M-1, respectively. In contrast to the liver enzyme, the @entity375 enzyme does not show pre-steady-state burst reactions in the reduction of @entity2125 +. This would indicate that the interconversion of ternary complexes is at least partially rate limiting for the @entity375 enzyme.

title: @entity19131 inhibition of @entity375 XXXX dehydrogenase.

entities_list: @entity19131 :: ('CHEBI:22908', 'Chemical') :: ['borate', 'Borate']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: The @entity5595 receptor agonist @entity20083 and @entity36920 have a wide variety of fundamental functions. Many studies have demonstrated that @entity23889 (Treg) cells engage in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance by actively suppressing self-reactive lymphocytes. Although @entity20083 has also recently shown to possess an additional effect that increases the functional activity of Treg cells, the mechanism leading to the enhanced Treg activity after @entity20083 treatment is still not clear. We isolated Treg cells, which were co-cultured with @entity20083 or @entity36920 . The proliferation of co-cultured Treg cells was detected by the cell counting kit-8. The changes of the phenotype @entity2902 + and @entity403 ( @entity403 )+ of co-cultured Treg cells were measured by flow cytometry. The levels of @entity688 and @entity2533 in the supernatants were detected by Elisa. Cytokine mRNA expressions in co-cultured Treg cells were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. Mixed lymphocyte reaction assay examined the suppressive function. We found that neither @entity20083 nor @entity36920 affected the proliferation of co-cultured Treg cells. The percentages of @entity2902 + and @entity403 + were enhanced in the high-dose @entity36920 group. The levels of @entity2533 in the supernatants were enhanced in the high-dose @entity20083 group. Medium and high-dose @entity36920 also enhanced the levels of @entity2533 . @entity2533 and @entity403 mRNA expression were upregulated in the high-dose @entity36920 group. The proliferation of effector T (Teff) cells was suppressed significantly in the medium and high-dose @entity36920 group at a Treg/Teff cell ratio of 1:1. At a ratio of 1:1, the proliferation of Teff cells was also suppressed in the high-dose @entity20083 group. It can be concluded that high-dose @entity36920 can enhance the immune function of co-cultured Treg cells, and that medium-dose @entity36920 and high-dose @entity20083 could partly enhance the function. The reason may be attributed to enhanced levels of @entity2533 and @entity403 .

title: The XXXX receptor agonist @entity20083 and its phosphorylated form affect the function of CD4+ @entity2902 + T cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']

answer: @entity5595 :: (MESH:C060506,Chemical) :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']


abstract: The divalent metal transporter ( @entity44032 , also known as @entity44032 or DCT1) is the likely target for regulation of intestinal @entity68 absorption by @entity68 stores. We investigated changes in intestinal @entity44032 expression after a bolus of dietary @entity68 in @entity68 -deficient Belgrade @entity35 homozygous for the @entity44032 @entity44033 mutation (b/b) and phenotypically normal heterozygous littermates (+/b). Immunofluorescent staining with anti- @entity44032 antisera showed that @entity44032 was located in the brush-border membrane. Duodenal @entity44032 mRNA and protein levels were six- and twofold higher, respectively, in b/ @entity35 than in +/ @entity35 . At 1.5 h after dietary @entity68 intake in +/b and b/ @entity35 , @entity44032 was internalized into cytoplasmic vesicles. At 1.5 and 3 h after @entity68 intake in +/b and b/ @entity35 , there was a rapid decrease of @entity44032 mRNA and a transient increase of @entity44032 protein. The decrease of @entity44032 mRNA was specific, because ferritin mRNA was unchanged. After @entity68 intake, an increase in ferritin protein and decrease in @entity68 -regulatory protein binding activity occurred, reflecting elevated intracellular @entity68 pools. Thus intestinal @entity44032 rapidly responds to dietary @entity68 in both +/b and b/ @entity35 . The internalization of @entity44032 may be an acute regulatory mechanism to limit @entity68 uptake. In addition, the results suggest that in the Belgrade @entity35 @entity44032 with the @entity44033 mutation is not an absolute block to @entity68 .

title: Dietary @entity68 induces rapid changes in XXXX intestinal divalent metal transporter expression.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Western blot is a widely used method for determining specific protein levels. To control and correct for loading error, an internal control is often used. To date, two housekeeping gene  coded proteins (i.e., @entity217 and beta-tubulin) are widely used as internal controls in the Western blot analysis. However, no information is available concerning the stability of their expressions in response to a @entity130 to the central nervous system (CNS). If so, their use as an internal control may have a negative impact on data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation. Using Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) induced a significant increase in @entity217 expression which peaked at 7 days post- @entity1566 (2.48-fold). Coefficient of variation (CV) analysis showed that the CV of @entity217 expression was 43.79 +/- 4.67%, significantly higher than that of six loadings from a single sample (6.5 +/- 0.9%, p < 0.01), indicating that increased expression of @entity217 was a result of @entity1566 , instead of a loading error. In contrast, no statistically significant difference was found in beta- tubulin expression following @entity1566 , compared with sham-operated controls. The CV of beta-tubulin expression following @entity1566 was 14.3 beta 3.96%, significantly less than that of the @entity217 expression (43.79 +/- 4.67%; p < 0.01). Taken together, our study suggests that @entity217 whose expression increases following @entity1566 is not a suitable internal control for Western blot analysis of spinal cord tissues following a @entity130 . In contrast, beta-tubulin, whose expression was not significantly affected by @entity1566 , is a better choice for the internal control.

title: beta-tubulin is a more suitable internal control than XXXX in western blot analysis of spinal cord tissues after @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury']

answer: @entity217 :: (728378,Gene) :: ['beta-actin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intratumoral @entity519 is associated with poor prognosis in various solid @entity5 . Severe and long-lasting @entity519 results in @entity39 . The presence of @entity39 therefore might also be correlated with unfavorable outcome. This has been demonstrated for @entity135 , @entity11 and adult soft tissue @entity242 . We have investigated whether or not the patterns of contrast enhancement and the presence of visible @entity39 on pretreatment MR images has prognostic impact in @entity2828 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From December 1993 though March 1997, 79 @entity1 with @entity2828 were prospectively analyzed for the presence and amount of @entity39 in their @entity5 . The median age was 12 years (range 4-30 years). The median follow-up at the time of this analyses was 3 years. All @entity1 were treated according to the multicentric EICESS-92 protocol with multi-agent chemotherapy (VACA or VAIA or EVAIA) and local therapy (radiotherapy with 50-60 Gy or surgery or surgery with pre- or postoperative irradiation with 45-50 Gy). For the measurement of @entity39 , @entity2287 contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images were used. Necrosis was defined as non-perfused areas in the @entity5 and the @entity39 volume was expressed as percentage of total volume. RESULTS: Out of 79 @entity5 , 10 (13%) showed no @entity39 , 30 (38%) had 1-25% @entity39 , 21 (27%) had 26-50% @entity39 and the remaining 18 (23%) more than 50% @entity39 . There was a correlation between @entity5 size and @entity39 (p = 0.001): the median @entity5 volume increased with amount of @entity39 (47 cm3 in @entity5 , 59 cm3 vs 280 cm3 vs 284 cm3 for @entity5 with 1-25% vs 26-50% vs > 50% @entity39 ). @entity5 site (central location vs proximal extremities vs distal extremities) had no impact on @entity39 (p = 0.71). 23 out of 79 @entity1 had @entity3 (M1) at the time of diagnosis. The frequency of metastatic spread increased with the amount of @entity39 : 1/10 (10%) @entity1 with @entity5 had @entity3 vs 7/30 (23%) vs 6/21 (28%) vs 9/18 (50%) for @entity5 with 1-25% vs 26-50% vs > 50% @entity39 . "Unfavorable" metastatic spread (bone or multiple @entity3 ) was only noted in @entity1 with high amount of @entity39 (> 25% @entity39 ) whereas even large @entity5 did not show unfavorable @entity3 if they contained no or only small amounts of @entity39 . All @entity1 with @entity5 survived event-free during the observation period. @entity1 with @entity5 had a 3-year event-free survival of 55% (p = 0.06 @entity5 without @entity39 ). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of non-perfused (presumably @entity39 ) areas on pretreatment contrast-enhanced MR-images is associated with an increased risk of @entity3 , especially an unfavorable pattern of metastatic spread at diagnosis. This observation may be explained by a more aggressive biological behavior of @entity5 cells. The small group of @entity1 with @entity5 (13%) had an excellent prognosis suggesting that the absence of @entity39 might be helpful in identifying a very favorable prognostic subgroup in @entity2828 .

title: Prognostic impact of @entity5 perfusion in MR-imaging studies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing tumors']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'necrotic tumors', 'vs tumors', 'hypoxic tumor', 'Tumor', 'non-necrotic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing tumors']


abstract: 1. Newborn @entity35 were reared in litters of either four or sixteen individuals. The animals from the small litters gained body weight more rapidly than those from large litters during the first 29 days of postnatal life studied. 2. The relative weights of the perigenital, perirenal, subcutaneous and intramuscular white-adipose-tissue sites in the animals from small litters indicated their relative @entity28 compared with controls. 3. The adipose depots from animals reared in small litters had a greater proportion of lipid present, by weight, and had a greater number of larger fat-cells present in them compared with the depots of animals reared in large litters. 4. Compared with both normal-sized litter controls and animals reared in sixteens, during the period of study the animals from small litters were hypertriacylglycerolaemic but normocholesterolaemic. 5. During suckling the blood @entity413 concentrations of animals reared in fours were increased, as were the concentrations of circulating immunoreactive insulin. 6. During the 29 days of life studied, in general, the lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose depots from animals reared in fours was greater than for animals in large litters when expressed as mumol of nonesterified @entity844 released from the substrate/h per g fresh weight of tissue, per depot, or per million fat-cells, but were similar per cm(2) of fat-cell surface area. 7. The previously noted [Cryer _ Jones (1978) Biochem. J.172, 319-325] pattern of mid-suckling elevation, late-suckling decline and post-weaning increase in the lipoprotein lipase activity of the four white-adipose depots studied was not obliterated by the nutritional manipulations employed. 8. The relation of the enzyme-activity changes and their hormonal stimuli to @entity1674 accumulation in fat-cells of animals from large and small litters is discussed in relation to the possible significance they may have to our understanding of neonatally induced @entity28 .

title: The early development of white adipose tissue. Effects of litter size on the lipoprotein lipase activity of four adipose-tissue depots, serum immunoreactive insulin and tissue cellularity during the first four weeks of life in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of high-field DWI in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions of the upper urinary tract (UUT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-eight @entity1 who underwent 3-T DWI (b = 1000 s/mm(2)) for assessment of a UUT lesion were retrospectively included in the study. Data on the size, location, and mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the lesions were collected and correlated with the final diagnosis. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the best threshold value of the mean ADC for characterization of the lesions. RESULTS: A total of 66 @entity189 and 33 benign lesions were identified. The mean (   SD) ADC value was statistically significantly lower for the malignant lesions than for the benign lesions (0.984    0.048 vs 1.536    0.067 * 10(-3) mm(2)/s; p = 0.000007). For characterization of malignant lesions, the best cutoff ADC value on the ROC curve was found to be less than or equal to 0.996 10(-3) mm(2)/s. On the basis of this value, the sensitivity and specificity of 3-T DWI for the identification of @entity5450 were 78.3% and 95.5%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 94.7% and a negative predictive value of 80.8% (p = 0.0001). The thickness of the smallest lesion was 3 mm. The mean ADC value of high-grade @entity5 was not statistically significantly lower than that of low-grade @entity5 . The best cutoff value for predicting benignancy was greater than or equal to 1.100 * 10(-3) mm(2)/s with sensitivity of 90.9%, specificity of 82.6%, positive predictive value of 83.3%, and negative predictive value of 90.5%. CONCLUSION: The ADC measurement is a useful additional parameter in the differentiation of benign from @entity5450 .

title: DWI in the Etiologic Diagnosis of Excretory Upper Urinary Tract Lesions: Can It Help in Differentiating Benign From @entity5 ? A Retrospective Study of 98 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['malignant UUT lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data from two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were considered in order to investigate the efficacy and safety of a bio-adhesive plaster for topical administration containing @entity17338 ( @entity17338 ) in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: @entity1 with radiologically confirmed symptomatic knee @entity571 were included. The 14-day treatment consisted of two daily applications of either @entity17338 or placebo plaster. The algofunctional Lequesne index and @entity158 intensity, measured by means of the Huskisson's visual analogue scale (VAS), were considered as main efficacy parameters. The main analysis of the pooled data was by intention-to-treat. RESULTS: Of the 258 @entity1 included, 235 completed the study. At the end of the study, the mean decrease in the Lequesne index was 35% in the @entity17338 group and 15% in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). The mean decrease in @entity158 intensity was 59.5% in the @entity17338 group and 29.9% in the placebo group. No interaction resulted between treatment and study effects (p > or = 0.2 whatever the test). The non-parametric Hodges-Lehmann estimator of the treatment effect resulted in a reduction of 21.9% for the Lequesne index and of 30.0% in @entity158 intensity. The number needed to treat (NNT) for at least a 50% reduction of @entity158 was 3.0 and the effect size for @entity158 was 0.75. CONCLUSIONS: Topical application of @entity17338 plaster was shown to be an efficacious and safe short-term treatment for symptomatic knee @entity571 , reducing @entity158 and increasing physical function and may be similar in efficacy to oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (as indicated by relative benefit data and NNT value).

title: Short-term treatment with topical @entity17338 plaster in @entity1 with XXXX : pooled analysis of two randomised clinical studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity17338 :: ('MESH:C064142', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac epolamine', 'DHEP']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['symptomatic knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Segmental wall motion was assessed noninvasively in eight @entity1 with @entity1121 and six healthy volunteers by magnetic resonance @entity296 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Localization scans were performed for determination of the true short-axis views of the left ventricle (double-angulated view). Spatial modulation of magnetization was used to produce a rectangular grid of landmarks. Distortion of the grid was assessed at end diastole, mid systole, and end systole with multiphase gradient echoes. Image sets were acquired at three different planes, namely, the base, the equator, and the apex. Quantitative evaluation was carried out by computer-assisted image analysis. Each individual grid crossing point was identified automatically and the displacement calculated. A polar coordinate system with the center of gravity as motion reference point was chosen to assess fractional rotation and radial displacement at the endocardial, midwall, and epicardial layers of the septal, anterior, posterior, and inferior regions. A wringing motion of the left ventricle with a clockwise rotation of 5.0 +/- 2.4 degrees at the base and a counterclockwise rotation of -9.6 +/- 2.9 degrees at the apex was observed in control subjects. An equal rotation of 5.0 +/- 2.5 degrees at the base and a slightly reduced rotation of -7.3 +/- 5.2 degrees at the apex was found in @entity1 with @entity1121 . A transmural gradient in fractional rotation and radial displacement was observed, with the highest values in the endocardial layer. Rotation in @entity1 with @entity1121 was significantly less than in normal volunteers in the posterior region of the equatorial and apical planes. Furthermore, radial displacement was significantly reduced in the septum and inferior wall. In the anterior and posterior wall segments, a reduction of the radial displacement was observed only in the epicardium and midwall layers. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance @entity296 allows the noninvasive assessment of regional wall motion. Both in normal volunteers and in @entity1 with @entity1121 , cardiac motion occurs in a complex mode, with the base and the apex rotating in opposite directions and the equatorial plane as a transitional zone (wringing motion). A reduced @entity299 can be observed in @entity1 with @entity1121 mainly in the posterior region, whereas a reduced radial displacement is found in the inferior septal zone.

title: Evaluation of left ventricular segmental wall motion in @entity1121 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial tagging']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathies', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rotation']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial tagging']


abstract: To date it remains unclear how probiotics affect the immune system. Bacterial envelope components may play an essential role, as these are the first to establish bacterial-host cell interactions. @entity31121 (TAs), and especially lipoteichoic acids, are the most pro-inflammatory components of the gram-positive bacterial envelope. This effect is dependent on @entity42388 substitution of the TA backbone and interactions with @entity8932 on host cells. Although the pro-inflammatory properties of TAs have been established in vitro, it remains unclear how TAs affect immunomodulation in vivo. In this study, we investigated the role of TA D-alanylation on @entity1336 -induced intestinal and systemic immunomodulation in vivo. For this, we compared the effect of @entity7449 and its TA D-Alanylation negative derivative (dltX-D) on the distribution of dendritic cell and T cell populations and responses in healthy @entity19 . We demonstrated that the majority of the @entity1336 -induced in vivo immunomodulatory effects were dependent on D-alanylation ( @entity5171 ), as some @entity7449 -induced immune changes were not observed in the dltX-D-treated group and some were only observed after treatment with dltX-D. Strikingly, not only pro-inflammatory immune responses were abolished in the absence of @entity5171 substitution, but also anti-inflammatory responses, such as the @entity1336 -induced generation of regulatory T cells in the spleen. With this study we provide insight in host-microbe interactions, by demonstrating the involvement of D-alanylation of TAs on the bacterial membrane in intestinal and systemic immunomodulation in healthy @entity19 .

title: The impact of XXXX teichoic acid D-alanylation on the generation of effector and regulatory T-cells in healthy @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity31121 :: ('MESH:D013682', 'Chemical') :: ['Teichoic acids']

answer: @entity7449 :: (220668,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study refines the characterization of the @entity35 parietal cortical domain in terms of cyto- and chemoarchitecture as well as thalamic connectivity. We recognize three subdivisions of the @entity550 ( @entity550 ), which are architectonically distinct from the neighboring somatosensory and visual cortices. Furthermore, we show that the different parietal areas are differently connected with thalamic nuclei. The medial portion of @entity550 (mPPC) is connected primarily with the medial portion of the lateral posterior nucleus (LP), whereas the lateral portion (lPPC) connects with the posterior complex (Po). The more caudolateral part of @entity550 (PtP) also projects to Po but can be distinguished from lPPC based on architectonic criteria. The primary somatic and visual cortices, neighboring @entity550 , are preferentially connected with the primary ventral posterior and dorsolateral geniculate nuclei, respectively, and less with the associational Po and LP. Particularly the border between the secondary visual cortex and the @entity550 has been a matter of controversy, but here we show that, although @entity550 subareas are connected with Po and medial LP, the medial and lateral secondary visual cortices are connected with lateral LP and a portion of medial LP different from that connected with @entity550 . The resulting delineations and specifications of connectivity with thalamic nuclei together with upcoming studies of cortical connectivity will facilitate detailed studies on the role of the subdivisions of @entity550 in the @entity35 as diverse, higher order associative cortical areas, comparable to those described in the primate.for J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3774-3809, 2016.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Posterior parietal cortex of the XXXX : Architectural delineation and thalamic differentiation.

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['PPC', 'posterior parietal cortex']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Ontogenic changes in the kinetics of exchangeable cellular @entity460 were studied in embryonic (ECV) and post-hatch (PHCV) @entity1573 ventricular tissue by monitoring 45Ca-efflux. The isolated whole ventricle (5 _ 7 days ECV) or ventricular strips (12 _ 18 days ECV and 1-2 days PHCV) were "loaded" with 45Ca (37 degrees C) and then passed through a series of tubes containing efflux solution (4 degrees C) to determine 45Ca-efflux. Curve 'peeling' of the efflux curve indicated existence of 3 kinetically distinct components of exchangeable cellular @entity141 compartments: C1, C2 _ C3. The size of C1, which was the largest in 5 _ 7 days ECV decreased significantly to become minimum in 18 days ECV _ PHCV. The rate constant of this compartment, however, reduced with the age of the embryo. In contrast, the size of C3 increased with the embryonic development to become the largest in 18 days ECV _ PHCV. An increase in the rate constant of this compartment was also observed during embryogenesis. The size and rate constant of C2 remained unaltered during development. However, the increase in size of C3 during embryonic development indicates differentiation of @entity141 storage sites, like sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), during the later stages. @entity5834 (10 mM) and @entity8452 (10 microM) enhanced fractional escape rate during slow phase (ie 120-180 min) of efflux at all developmental stages. The magnitude of enhancement increased during later stages of development indicating greater prominence of SR with the age of embryo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: 45Ca-efflux in embryonic XXXX heart and its modification by @entity5834 and @entity8452 .

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']