abstract: Extracardiac conduits, such as Dacron or homo-graft, have been utilized for the operative management of many @entity1 with @entity3585 . However, they have been recognized to become obstructed or calcified with time. As a new material for extracardiac conduit, an original valved conduit using @entity3584 -preserved @entity1641 pericardium (Xenomedica) was investigated. Various types of valved conduit were evaluated for the hydrodynamics by a circulation system. A flow-pressure gradient Lissajous was used for the evaluation. The conduit of 10 mm in diameter had a high resistance to flow. The monocusp-valved conduit had a diastolic regurgitation (DR) at any given pressures and heart rates. The bicusp-valved conduit had a DR at higher heart rates (greater than 153/min). In this experiment, the tricusp-valved conduit with a valvular vertical versus horizontal length ratio of 2:3 had utmost favorable results under any given conditions. The valved conduits were also evaluated using sixteen mongrel @entity235 in which the conduit were used for the reconstruction of continuity between right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Five @entity235 died of @entity2348 . Following hemodynamic studies, which were performed in eleven @entity235 1, 6, and 12 months after the operation, the @entity235 were sacrificed to evaluate the histological changes in the conduits. The valvular function had been satisfactory until one month, however, it was lost in 6 months because the @entity340 were covered with neointimae grown over them. Thin neointimae were observed both at the sites of @entity254 and at the base of the valves in @entity235 sacrificed at one month. They spread from the proximal anastomotic site to distal one. They were organized and it was hard to remove them manually. Thrombi were found in six @entity235 at the proximal anastomotic site with intimal @entity1373 . There was no calcification in Xenomedica and its degenerative change was minimal. In conclusion, the @entity1641 pericardium valved conduit is thought to be an useful material for the reconstruction of right @entity3585 to improve early hemodynamic changes after operation.

title: [Experimental studies of original valved conduit using @entity3584 -preserved XXXX pericardium (Xenomedica)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['congenital right ventricular outflow obstruction', 'ventricular outflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection or thrombotic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular leaflets']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: In 92 @entity1 affected from @entity1030 (C.O.P.) undergoing spirometric evaluation, the ability of the Pipberger computer program for electrocardiographic interpretation to predict the presence of @entity358 with or without right ventricular hipertrophy was compared with that of the manually measured conventional and orthogonal (Frank system) electrocardiogram. The @entity1 were classified as having mild, moderate and severe C.O.P. on the basis of spirometric data. Each system predicted the presence of C.O.P. with low sensitivity. P voltage in D2 greater than or equal to 2 mm (27,1%) and R/S voltage ratio in V5-V6 greater than or equal to 1 (22,8%) were the single conventional criteria more frequently satisfied. Results for 3 lead manual readings were only slightly lower: recognition rate of the R/S voltage ration in x lead less than or equal to 1,3 was 15,7%. The Pipberger program probabilistic answers were divided in "completely" and "partially" correct. Combined completely or partially correct diagnoses were made by the program 14,3% of @entity1 with mild C.O.P., 17,2% of moderate and 48,8% of severe C.O.P. These results suggests that the Pipberger program has at least similar ability to predict C.O.P. compared with the 12 lead and orthogonal manually measured electrocardiogram.

title: [Orthogonal ECG and a statistical system for computer diagnosis with ECG in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pneumopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of concurrent @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ), and other @entity4512 comorbidity, with knee @entity158 severity in symptomatic @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: Individuals from the Progression Cohort of the @entity571 Initiative (n=1,389, ages 45-79 years) with symptomatic tibiofemoral knee @entity571 were studied. @entity1 identified @entity158 in the low back, neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee, ankle, or foot. The primary outcome was the @entity158 subscale of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC) applied to the more symptomatic knee. We examined WOMAC @entity158 score in @entity1 with and without @entity1643 , before and after adjusting for other @entity85 . RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 57.4% reported @entity1643 . The mean  SD WOMAC @entity158 score (possible range 0-20) was 6.5  4.1 in @entity1 with and 5.2  3.4 in @entity1 without @entity1643 (P<0.0001). In multivariate analyses, @entity1643 was significantly associated with increased WOMAC knee @entity158 score (b [SE]=1.00 [0.21], P<0.0001). However, @entity158 in all other individual musculoskeletal locations demonstrated similar associations with knee @entity158 score. In models including all @entity158 locations simultaneously, only @entity1643 (b [SE]=0.65 [0.21], P=0.002), ipsilateral @entity158 (b [SE]=0.98 [0.40], P=0.02), and @entity158 (b [SE]=1.03 [0.45], P=0.02) were significantly associated with knee @entity158 score. Having >1 @entity158 location was associated with greater WOMAC knee @entity158 ; this relationship was strongest for individuals having 4 (b [SE]=1.83 [0.42], P<0.0001) or >= 5 @entity158 locations (b [SE]=1.86 [0.36], P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: @entity1643 , foot @entity158 , and @entity158 are significantly associated with WOMAC knee @entity158 score, as are a higher total number of @entity158 locations. This may have implications for clinical trial planning.

title: @entity1643 and other XXXX comorbidities in individuals with symptomatic @entity626 : data from the @entity571 initiative.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral foot pain', 'pain', 'elbow pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal symptoms']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the associations among @entity2516 ( @entity2516 ), @entity2687 ( @entity2687 ), @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ), and the prevalence of @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) in an adult Latino population. DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional epidemiologic study. @entity1 : A total of 5927 Latinos aged 40 years and older in the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES). METHODS: Myopic @entity2516 was defined as a non-cycloplegic sphero-cylindrical @entity2516 of < or =-1 diopter (D). Axial length was measured by A-scan ultrasound. Corneal power was measured using a Humphrey auto-refractor. @entity1538 was diagnosed by a combination of optic nerve and visual field changes. Pseudophakic and aphakic eyes were excluded from the analysis. The associations among @entity2516 , @entity3656 , @entity2687 , and the prevalence of @entity1538 were calculated using a logistic regression model, adjusting for age, gender, intraocular pressure, central @entity6 , family history of @entity726 , and lens nuclear opacification (NO). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios (OR) for the prevalence of @entity1538 . RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates, @entity1 with greater @entity2516 (OR 1.82; confidence interval [CI], 1.20-2.77; P = 0.005), longer @entity3656 (OR 1.25; CI, 1.03-1.50; P = 0.02), and flatter corneas (OR 1.21; CI, 1.08-1.35; P = 0.0007) were associated with a higher prevalence of @entity1538 when compared with those with emmetropic @entity2516 , and steeper corneas. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with an @entity2516 , flatter corneas, and longer ALs should be considered to be at higher risk of having @entity1538 .

title: Ocular biometry and XXXX : the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'axial length']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'Open-angle glaucoma', 'OAG']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error, shorter AL', 'MRE', 'myopic refractive error', 'refractive error']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['corneal thickness, diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal power', 'CP']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: Vascular access in the pediatric @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) can be a surgical challenge to perform as well as maintain. We have recently developed a new technique of elevating the basilic vein in the upper arm for the arteriovenous (AV) @entity292 instead of using a @entity736 ( @entity736 ) graft. During the past 2 years, 66 @entity1 with @entity8 and unsuitable superficial veins have had basilic vein elevation. Of these 66 @entity1 , four have been in @entity1 , aged 11 to 19 years. The technique of mobilization of the vein from the @entity14228 was similar to that described by Dagher et al except that we used one long incision. The new feature of this technique is that the vein is not rerouted laterally through a subdermal tunnel. Instead, after the AV @entity292 to the side of the brachial artery is created, the vein is elevated within the incision by closing the subcutaneous fascia beneath, and the skin over, the vein. Most veins could be used in 2 to 4 weeks. Of the entire group, the patency rate has been 55 of 66 (83.3%), with no @entity281 or long-term morbidity. Of the four pediatric @entity1 , there have been no @entity715 or @entity281 . We believe the operation to be easier to perform than the standard PTFE bridge graft. The subsequent AV @entity292 is easy to access, less likely to cause a " @entity3526 ," less likely to become infected, and if it does become infected, more likely to respond to treatment with antibiotics.

title: Hemodialysis access: elevated basilic vein arteriovenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'endstage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['steal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['elbow to the axilla']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a common perception that a large number of secondary interventions are needed following endovascular @entity449 repair. METHODS: Prospective data were collected for a cohort of 417 consecutive elective @entity1 undergoing infrarenal aortic endograft repair between April 2000 and May 2008. The rate of secondary interventions, associated morbidity and need for reintervention following surveillance imaging were analysed. RESULTS: The male : female ratio was 11 : 1, median age 76 (range 40-93) years and median @entity439 diameter 6.1 (5.3-11) cm. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 1.7 per cent (seven of 417). Secondary interventions were performed in 31 @entity1 (7.4 per cent), of which six (1.4 per cent) were detected by surveillance. Endoleaks requiring reintervention occurred in 12 @entity1 (2.9 per cent; ten type I and two @entity1070 ). Limb ischaemia secondary to graft occlusion occurred in 17 @entity1 (4.1 per cent); extra-anatomical bypass was needed in 15 @entity1 (3.6 per cent) and the remaining two had an amputation. Graft explantation following late @entity281 was required in two @entity1 (0.5 per cent). CONCLUSION: Endoluminal repair of infrarenal @entity449 can be performed with a low reintervention rate. The value of prolonged surveillance seems limited and current surveillance protocols may require revision.

title: Long-term surveillance with computed tomography after XXXX repair may not be justified.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type III endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: The potential role of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) in @entity148 has been the subject of much research, most of it addressed to the hypothesis that @entity750 promotes @entity148 and, therefore, that drugs that reduce @entity750 functions will be effective anxiolytic agents in @entity1 @entity148 . However, the effects of serotoninergic drugs in different @entity146 have been inconsistent. These inconsistencies have been particularly well illustrated in the elevated plus-maze. In the present study we provided an ethopharmacological analysis (in addition to conventional measures) of the behavior of @entity35 in the elevated plus-maze with transparent walls after acute and chronic treatments with @entity10462 , an agonist of @entity10463 receptors, and @entity905 , a selective inhibitor of @entity750 reuptake. Although @entity10462 has been used to treat @entity148 , @entity905 is a mainstay in the treatment of @entity308 . Acute treatment with @entity10462 (1, 3, 5.6, and 10 mg/kg, IP) produced an anxiogenic profile with increased risk assessment behaviors (e.g., flat-back approach) and decreased behavioral measures that are inversely related to " @entity148 " (e.g., head dipping and end-arm activity). In contrast, chronic @entity10462 (10 mg/kg day, PO) produced an opposite effect showing an anxiolytic profile that is consistent with the clinical use of this drug, which shows efficacy after 2-4 weeks of treatment. Acute @entity905 (5.6 and 10 mg/kg, IP) also produced an anxiogenic profile with reduced head dipping and end-arm activity. On the other hand, chronic @entity905 (10 mg/kg day, PO) had no effect on any of the behavioral measures. These data demonstrate: (a) the anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects of acute and chronic @entity10462 , respectively, corroborate with the observed effects of these treatments in the clinic; (b) similarly, the anxiogenic effects of acute @entity905 observed here have also been reported in clinical studies with @entity750 reuptake blockers. This class of compounds has not been systematically used as anxiolytic; (c) the elevated plus-maze with transparent walls shows good sensitivity for evaluating serotonergic drugs with anxiogenic and anxiolytic profile.

title: Acute and chronic effects of @entity10462 and XXXX in @entity35 tested in the elevated plus-maze: an ethological analysis.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral paradigms']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: Heparin from degranulating mast cells influences a wide range of cellular and humoral reactions associated with @entity32 and @entity565 . Agents that inhibit mast cell degranulation may therefore compromise the moderating effects of heparin in the tissues and result in worsening @entity32 and other associated pathology. This study measures heparin release from allergen-challenged @entity1 lung tissue and compares the effect of the mast cell stabilizing @entity2263 -agonists, @entity3045 and @entity7284 , and a non- @entity2263 -agonist, @entity9992 , on the release of heparin. Pieces of lung tissue 2 to 3 mm3 were sensitized with high titer Dermatoaphagoides pteronyssinus-specific IgE serum and challenged with @entity7130 allergen, with and without prior addition of @entity3045 , @entity7284 , or @entity9992 . @entity13237 was added to the mixture to prevent the binding of heparin to tissue proteins. Heparin was released together with @entity112 after challenge. The mean and 95% confidence interval of prechallenge and postchallenge heparin concentrations in the lung tissue filtrates were 0.10 IU/ml (0.07, 0.12) and 0.24 IU/ml (0.17, 0.30), respectively (P < 0.001). Addition of the @entity2263 -agonists produced a mean inhibition of released heparin of 71% (50, 92), and 73% (55, 91), respectively. @entity9992 gave a 35% (20, 51) inhibition that was significantly less than that produced by the @entity2263 -agonists (P < 0.01). The @entity2263 -agonists @entity3045 and @entity7284 strongly inhibited heparin release from mast cells. The therapeutic use of mast cell stabilizing agents may therefore be potentially detrimental to the control of @entity32 and other associated pathologies.

title: Effect of XXXX , @entity7284 , and @entity9992 on the release of heparin from sensitized @entity1 lung fragments challenged with @entity7130 allergen.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['D. pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity13237 :: ('MESH:D016264', 'Chemical') :: ['Dextran sulfate']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cromoglycate', 'Sodium cromoglycate']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['salbutamol']


abstract: PURPOSE: A prospective study of @entity14 (1987-1991) using flow cytometry was performed to determine the relationship of age with DNA index (DNA-I), sites of disease, Dukes stage, grade, and survival. METHODS: The flow cytometry was performed on 138 fresh, unfixed, surgical specimens using @entity14939 , a DNA fluorochrome. RESULTS: The mean age was 66.9 (42.8 percent > or = 70; range, 22-92; median, 68) years, and 48.6 percent were female. The @entity1 ' stages were (in percent): A, 4.4; B, 53.0; C, 38.2; D, 4.4. @entity5 grades of differentiation (in percent) were well, 14.4; moderate, 68.9; poor, 16.7; and sites (in percent) were: rectum, 19.6; sigmoid/left, 50.7; transverse/right, 29.0. Aneuploidy (DNA-I not equal to 1.0; CV, 3.5 percent) was found in 58.8 percent. Age (by decade of presentation) was compared with site and Dukes stage. Older @entity1 had more transverse/right-sided lesions (P = 0.003). @entity1 with @entity5 had a lower age (by decade of presentation) than @entity1 with B2 lesions (P = 0.03). Age was not related to DNA-I or grade or DNA-I with sex, grade, site, stage, or survival (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study suggests that @entity14 tends to present at an earlier stage and in the more proximal colon in the older population. Because right-sided lesions are beyond the reach of sigmoidoscopy, these findings have prognostic and screening implications.

title: Prospective analysis of XXXX . Determination of an age-site and stage relationship and the correlation of DNA index with clinicopathologic parameters.

entities_list: @entity14939 :: ('MESH:C007293', 'Chemical') :: ["4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'Dukes C and D tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Because of the changing epidemiology of @entity29 ( @entity29 ), we set out to characterize the population-based prevalence of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ) in a defined population of Switzerland. METHODS: Adult @entity29 @entity1 were identified by a cross-matched review of histological, hospital and gastroenterologist files throughout a geographical defined population (Canton of Vaud). Demographic factors statistically significantly associated with prevalence were evaluated using a stepwise Poisson regression analysis. Results were compared to @entity29 prevalence rates in other population-based studies and time trends were performed, based on a systematic literature review. RESULTS: Age and sex-adjusted prevalence rates were 205.7 @entity29 (100.7 @entity30 and 105.0 @entity31 ) cases per 10(5) inhabitants. Among 1016 @entity29 @entity1 (519 @entity30 and 497 @entity31 ), females outnumbered males in @entity30 (p<0.001), but males were more represented in elderly @entity31 @entity1 (p=0.008). Thus, being a male was statistically associated with @entity31 ( @entity4736 .25; p=0.013), whereas being a female was associated with @entity30 ( @entity4736 .27; p=0.007). Living in an urban zone was associated with both @entity30 and @entity31 ( @entity4736 .49; p<0.001, 1.63; p<0.001, respectively). From 1960 to 2005, increases in @entity31 and @entity30 prevalences of 2.4% (95%CI, 2.1%-2.8%; p<0.001) and 3.6% (95%CI, 3.1%-4.1%; p<0.001) per annum were found in industrialised countries. CONCLUSIONS: Extrapolating our data to all of Switzerland yields an estimate of 12,000 @entity29 cases for the country, or 1 in 500 inhabitants. Our study gives support to an increase in @entity29 prevalence in Europe.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in the Canton of Vaud (Switzerland): A population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative Colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Diseases', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's Disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate topical tacrolimus ointment for treating @entity1036 (Thygeson SPK). DESIGN: Retrospective interventional case series. METHODS: setting: Institutional practice. @entity1 POPULATION: The medical records of 14 @entity1 (9 @entity1 ; age range, 9-65 years) with Thygeson SPK were reviewed retrospectively. Diagnosis was based on the history and clinical examination. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were treated with tacrolimus 0.03% eye ointment instilled into the lower fornix twice daily for the first 2 weeks, followed by nocturnal application. The clinical signs and symptoms were assessed after 1 month of treatment. The drug was tapered with disease improvement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Treatment efficacy and side effects. RESULTS: All @entity1 had bilateral disease (average duration, 6 years). All @entity1 , except 2 who used the medication irregularly, had improved visual acuity (VA), symptoms, and signs as long as the medication was applied. Before treatment 28.57% of @entity1 had VA between 20/30 and 20/50, with improvement after treatment to 20/25 or 20/20. Attempts to withdraw the medication resulted in recurrent disease, and, therefore, treatment was not curative during the study period. No significant local medication side effects were reported. CONCLUSION: Tacrolimus eye ointment 0.03% was effective for controlling Thygeson SPK for a long period with good @entity1 tolerance and no noticeable local or systemic side effects. During the average 6-year follow-up, treatment was not curative. Randomized studies are difficult to conduct because of the disease rarity.

title: Effect of Topical Tacrolimus in the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ["Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis"]

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['Thygeson's Superficial Punctate Keratitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the presentation, management, and outcome of @entity1 with exstrophy- @entity7890 complex, who present in adulthood (aged >18  years). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the electronic medical records of @entity1 with exstrophy- @entity7890 complex managed from January 2001 to December 2010 was undertaken. @entity1 aged >18  years at presentation, with detailed medical records were selected. They were classified into 2 groups: group A (previously untreated) and group B ( @entity149 after childhood surgery). RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 with exstrophy- @entity7890 complex presented to our institution over this 10-year period. Of these 26 were adults (aged >18  years; range, 18-48  years). Detailed medical records could be obtained for 21 of them and they were included. Group A consisted of 4 @entity1 -2 male and 2 female. All underwent cystectomy; 2 had an ileal conduit and 2 had ureterosigmoidostomy (Mainz II). All had improved quality of life and a stable renal function at follow-up. Group B consisted of 17 @entity1 . Mean number of surgeries attempted previously was 4.4 (range, 2-13). Presentation was varied but primarily involved @entity322 (n  = 12). Four @entity1 were lost to follow-up, 2 were managed conservatively, and 11 underwent a surgical procedure. All @entity1 returned to normal activity with an improvement in the quality of life postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Exstrophy- @entity7890 complex is difficult to manage in resource-poor settings associated with illiteracy and poverty. However, successful rehabilitation and an improved quality of life are possible even in cases presenting in adults.

title: Exstrophy- XXXX Complex Presenting in Adulthood: A Single-center Review of Presentation, Management, and Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['residual defects or complications']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence of urine']

answer: @entity7890 :: (MESH:D004842,Disease) :: ['epispadias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity328 is the causative agent of numerous diseases including severe @entity3 such as @entity2259 and @entity693 . It has been previously shown that strains of @entity2260 that are unable to survive in the bloodstream may colonize the CNS. However, information on cellular components and pathways involved in the neurotropism of these strains is still scarce. The olfactory system is a specialized tissue in which olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are interfacing with the external environment through several microvilli. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) which also form the glial limiting membrane at the surface of the olfactory bulb (OB) are the only cells that ensheathe the ORNs axons. Since previous data from our group showed that OECs may harbor @entity2260 , we decided to test whether @entity281 or OEC cultures modulates the expression levels of neurotrophic factor's mRNA and its putative effects on the activation and viability of microglia. We observed that @entity9139 (NT-3) and @entity7515 ( @entity7515 ) expression was significantly higher in the OB from uninfected @entity19 than in infected @entity19 . A similar result was observed when we infected OEC cultures. @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) expression was significantly lower in the OB from infected @entity19 than in uninfected @entity19 . In contrast, in vitro @entity281 of OECs resulted in a significant increase of @entity9140 mRNA expression. An upregulation of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression was observed in both OB and OEC cultures infected with @entity2260 . Moreover, we found that conditioned medium from infected OEC cultures induced the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein cleaved-caspase-3 and an apparently continuous nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) @entity1992 activation in the N13 microglia. Altogether, our data suggest the possible existence of an OEC-pathogen molecular interface, through which the OECs could interfere on the activation and viability of microglia, favoring the access of non-hematogenous @entity2260 strains to the CNS in the absence of @entity2259 .

title: @entity328 XXXX regulates expression of neurotrophic factors in the olfactory bulb and cultured olfactory ensheathing cells.

entities_list: @entity7515 :: ('14573(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor', 'GDNF']

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BNDF', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infection of the OB']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive infections']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity209 ( @entity209 ) are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. The long-term effectiveness of @entity3446 -eluting stents (SES) in @entity1 with @entity209 and in @entity6 @entity1 is not well defined. METHODS: 563 consecutive @entity1 with 629 de novo @entity301 (< 50 mm lesion length, reference diameter < 3.5 mm) successfully treated with SES were enrolled in the study and followed for 41 +/- 17 months. Bifurcation and left main lesions were excluded. @entity1 were categorized into three groups: 1) no @entity209 and no @entity6 ; 2) @entity209 and no @entity6 ; and 3) @entity6 . @entity209 was defined as the presence of > or = 3 of the following criteria: @entity28 , @entity101 , @entity2298 , low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , elevated fasting @entity413 . RESULTS: 284 @entity1 (51%) with 318 lesions had neither @entity209 nor @entity6 , 148 @entity1 (26%) with 163 lesions had @entity209 without @entity6 and 131 @entity1 (23%) with 148 lesions had @entity6 . Baseline angiographic parameters were comparable between the three groups. Clinically driven @entity75 revascularization rates for controls, @entity209 and diabetics were 7.7%, 5.4% and 14.5%, respectively (p = 0.041). Mortality rates for the three groups were 4.2%, 10.1% and 15.3%, respectively (p = 0.042). There were also significant differences in stent @entity715 (ST) rates with 0.3% in controls, 0.6% in @entity209 and 6.1% in diabetics (p = 0.037). Annual mortality and ST rates for controls, @entity1 with @entity209 and @entity6 @entity1 were 1.2%, 3.0% and 5.6% (p = 0.037) and 0.2%, 0.3% and 2.7% (p = 0.039), respectively. Late loss in-lesion was 0.19 +/- 0.59 mm in controls, 0.17 +/- 0.44 mm in @entity1 with @entity209 /no @entity6 and 0.46 +/- 0.81 mm in diabetics (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: During long-term follow up after implantation of SES in de novo @entity301 , @entity209 without @entity6 does not result in an increase in @entity75 revascularization or ST rates compared with control @entity1 . However, @entity1 with @entity209 have a higher follow-up mortality rate compared to control @entity1 .

title: Long-term clinical outcome of @entity3446 -eluting stent implantation in XXXX and @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity902 -based chemotherapy is standard for untreated, advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We investigated the activity and tolerability of the novel combination of dose-dense pemetrexed, @entity136 , and bevacizumab in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: This multicenter phase II trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of the combination of pemetrexed (400 mg/m(2)), @entity136 (1200 mg/m(2)), and bevacizumab (10  mg/kg), given every 14 days in @entity1 with untreated, advanced @entity1149 . The primary endpoint was progression-free survival with secondary endpoints of response rate and overall survival. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 were enrolled. Treatment was well tolerated; the most common grade 3-4 @entity137 were @entity1398 and fatigue. Of the 38 @entity1 evaluable for @entity5 response, 1 (3%) had complete response, 15 (39%) had partial response, 12 (31%) had stable disease, and 10 (26%) had progressive disease. Median progression-free survival was 6.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2-7.9) and median overall survival was 18.4 months (95% CI, 13.1-29.5). The 1-year overall survival rate was 64% (95% CI, 51%-81%) and the 2-year overall survival rate was 41% (95% CI, 28%-60%). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with dose-dense pemetrexed, @entity136 , and bevacizumab met the primary endpoint with promising efficacy and a manageable safety profile in @entity1 with untreated advanced @entity1149 . This regimen represents a reasonable therapeutic option.

title: Phase II Trial of Dose-dense Pemetrexed, XXXX , and Bevacizumab in @entity1 With Advanced, Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['Gemcitabine']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of the present study was to estimate the heritability of the beta cell @entity2690 response to @entity413 and to @entity413 combined with @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) or with @entity5445 plus @entity369 . METHODS: This was a twin-family study that included 54 families from the Netherlands Twin Register. The @entity1 were healthy twin pairs and their siblings of the same sex, aged 20 to 50 years. @entity2690 response of the beta cell was assessed by a modified hyperglycaemic clamp with additional @entity5445 and @entity369 . @entity2690 sensitivity index (ISI) was assessed by the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Multivariate structural equation modelling was used to obtain heritabilities and the genetic factors underlying individual differences in BMI, ISI and secretory responses of the beta cell. RESULTS: The heritability of @entity2690 levels in response to @entity413 was 52% and 77% for the first and second phase, respectively, 53% in response to @entity413 + @entity5445 and 80% in response to an additional @entity369 bolus. @entity2690 responses to the administration of @entity413 , @entity413 + @entity5445 and @entity413 + @entity5445 + @entity369 were highly correlated (0.62< r <0.79). Heritability of BMI and ISI was 74% and 60% respectively. The genetic factors that influenced BMI and ISI explained about half of the heritability of @entity2690 levels in response to the three secretagogues. The other half was due to genetic factors specific to the beta cell. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In healthy adults, genetic factors explain most of the individual differences in the secretory capacity of the beta cell. These genetic influences are partly independent from the genes that influence BMI and ISI.

title: Genetic influences on the XXXX response of the beta cell to different secretagogues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA-IR) and to study its relationship with selected @entity65 risk factors among Thai adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 227 @entity1 and 990 @entity1 undergoing routine health check-up. The prevalence of @entity2690 resistance was estimated using diagnostic criteria previously employed in Asian and other populations. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used to evaluate associations of HOMA-IR with selected @entity65 risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to evaluate associations of @entity2298 , @entity258 , and @entity101 with varying HOMA-IR values. RESULTS: Approximately 25.1% of @entity1 (HOMA-IR>or=1.56) and 21.5% of @entity1 (HOMA-IR>or=1.64) were classified as having @entity2690 resistance. HOMA-IR values were statistically significantly and positively associated with body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and serum @entity1674 . The values were inversely correlated with HDL- @entity165 . When compared with those whose HOMA-IR values were within the lowest quartile (<0.45), @entity1 with HOMA-IR values in the highest quartile (>or=1.58) had higher risks of @entity2298 (adjusted OR=2.83), @entity258 (adjusted OR=2.79), and @entity101 (adjusted OR=2.76). Similar associations were observed among @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity2690 resistance, as determined using HOMA-IR, was positively associated with selected @entity65 risk factors among Thai adults.

title: Prevalence of @entity2690 resistance and its relationship with XXXX risk factors among Thai adults over 35 years old.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low HDL-Cholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ovarian surface epithelial cells are thought to be a precursor cell type for @entity43 . It has been proposed that an increased rate of ovarian surface epithelial cell proliferation during ovulatory wound repair contributes to the accumulation of genetic changes and cell transformation. The proliferation of ovarian surface epithelial cells during ovulatory wound repair has been studied primarily using immunohistochemical staining of @entity982 -embedded ovary sections. However, such analyses require complex reconstruction from serially-cut ovary sections for the visualization and quantification of the cells on the ovarian surface. In order to directly visualize the proliferation and organization of the ovarian surface epithelial cells, we developed a technique for immunohistochemical staining of whole @entity19 ovaries. Using this method, we analyzed cell proliferation and morphologic changes in @entity19 ovarian surface epithelial cells during follicle growth and ovulatory wound repair. METHODS: Three-week old FVB/N female @entity19 were superovulated by sequential administration of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Ten hours after hCG administration, @entity19 were given @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) and euthanized two hours after @entity1603 administration for ovary isolation. The levels of incorporated @entity1603 in the ovarian surface epithelial cells were measured by staining paraffin-embedded ovary sections and whole ovaries with the @entity1603 antibody. Re-epithelialization of the ovarian surface after ovulatory rupture was visualized by immunohistochemical staining with @entity3112 and @entity14436 in paraffin-embedded ovary sections and whole ovaries. RESULTS: We determined that active proliferation of ovarian epithelial surface cells primarily occurs during antral follicle formation and, to a lesser extent, in response to an ovulatory wound. We also demonstrated that ovarian surface epithelial cells exhibit a circular organization around the wound site CONCLUSION: Whole ovary immunohistochemistry enables efficient and comprehensive three-dimensional visualization of ovarian surface epithelial cells without the need for laborious reconstruction from immunohistochemically-stained serial ovary sections.

title: Whole ovary immunohistochemistry for monitoring cell proliferation and ovulatory wound repair in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', '5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of a modified approach in the management of thick @entity548 in @entity1 with wet age-related @entity1020 . DESIGN: This was a retrospective study. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on 10 eyes of 10 @entity1 with @entity548 secondary to wet age-related @entity1020 treated with 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, followed by submacular injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (12.5  g/0.1 mL), bevacizumab (2.5 mg/0.1 mL), and air (0.3 mL). Gas tamponade was given with 20% @entity13102 and postoperative propped-up positioning. @entity1 were evaluated for displacement of @entity548 , preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, occurrence of @entity260 , and recurrence of @entity548 . All @entity1 were followed up for 6 months. RESULTS: Displacement of the submacular bleed was achieved in all cases. Improvement of best-corrected visual acuity was seen in 8 of 10 @entity1 . Rebleed was seen in 2 eyes that were retreated with intravitreal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, bevacizumab, and 20% @entity13102 gas. CONCLUSIONS: This modified technique aids in the effective displacement of thick @entity548 with simultaneous treatment of the underlying @entity1940 , which halts the disease progression resulting in significant improvement of visual acuity.

title: Modified Approach in Management of Submacular XXXX Secondary to Wet Age-Related @entity1020 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascular membrane']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['submacular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity401 , especially @entity1071 such as @entity5924 and @entity10487 , are commonly seen in association with Sj  gren syndrome. Although the predominant computed tomographic (CT) findings in @entity1 with @entity10487 / @entity5924 include poorly defined centrilobular nodules and ground-glass attenuation, cystic changes can be seen in approximately two-thirds of these @entity1 . The objective of this study was to define the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of cyst-predominant @entity10487 / @entity5924 in @entity1 with Sj  gren syndrome. We present four @entity1 who were referred to our institution with diffuse cystic changes on chest CT imaging. All four had a presumptive diagnosis of @entity3008 but were subsequently found to have Sj  gren syndrome. The diagnosis was established based on the clinical symptoms of @entity2133 and @entity7560 along with serologic detection of antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, anti-Sj  gren's syndrome-related antigen A (SSA)/Ro antibodies, and anti-Sj  gren's syndrome-related antigen B ( @entity6016 )/La antibodies. The cystic pattern associated with Sj  gren syndrome had a characteristic appearance on chest CT images. Typical features included a wide variation in cyst size, internal structure within cysts, geographic simplification of parenchymal architecture producing a "dissolving lung appearance," perivascular and often basilar-predominant distribution, and frequent association with ground-glass opacities and nodules. In a compatible clinical context, we submit that these findings can be sufficiently distinctive to obviate the need for lung biopsy, even in the absence of confirmatory serological studies or lip biopsy. Clinicians should consider occult Sj  gren syndrome in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 presenting with idiopathic @entity9129 .

title: Diffuse XXXX as the Presenting Manifestation of Sj  gren Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity10487 :: ('MESH:C562489', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['follicular bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity3008 :: ('MESH:D018192', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioleiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity9129 :: ('MESH:C563237', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse cystic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity7560 :: ('MESH:D014985', 'Disease') :: ['xerophthalmia']

answer: @entity9129 :: (MESH:C563237,Disease) :: ['Cystic Lung Disease']


abstract: Episodes of @entity591 induced by strong vagal stimulation in spontaneously beating isolated atria of frog (Rana temporaria) were studied with multielectrode mapping technique. These episodes were inducible in 19 of 39 preparations. The @entity943 started several seconds after cessation of vagal stimulation strong enough to cause @entity16507 , without electrical stimulation of the myocardium. The @entity943 consisted of two to 20 beats (6 +/- 4, mean +/- SD, n = 42) with a cycle length of 100-500 msec. Recording from 32 sites with spatial resolution of 1-2 mm showed that the @entity943 was due to intra-atrial circus movement. The estimated perimeter of the reentrant circuit ranged from 6 to 20 mm. In circuits of the minimal size, the average conduction velocity along the circuit was as low as 2-3 cm/sec. Paroxysms of the @entity591 were always preceded by vagally induced nonuniform @entity308 of conduction, with some areas of atria being completely blocked. As the vagal influence decreased, the blocked areas recovered in an inhomogeneous manner, their unblocking being significantly (p less than 0.05) delayed after inhibition of tissue cholinesterase by @entity1339 . The reentrant @entity591 was initiated when a sinus impulse arrived during certain phase of the unblocking. Unlike the well-known mechanism of reentrant excitation, which is based on inhomogeneous refractoriness and critically timed extrabeat(s), the circus movement in our model depended on vagally induced conduction block and could be launched by a single sinus impulse.

title: Vagally induced block and delayed conduction as a mechanism for circus XXXX in frog atria.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity16507 :: ('MESH:D054138', 'Disease') :: ['sinus arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['proserine']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['movement tachycardia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The demonstration that opioid receptors exist in the peripheral nervous system offers the possibility of providing @entity86 in the ambulatory surgical @entity1 . Over the previous decade, many investigators have studied this approach and have compared the efficacy of various opioids added to the local anesthetic near the brachial plexus; and it appears from several of these studies that @entity4783 provides the longest duration of @entity1337 , the most important parameter of @entity86 in outpatients. One of these studies indicated that the agonist-antagonist, @entity4783 , added to @entity1341 provided a longer period of @entity86 than the traditional opiates, but none of the studies was performed in @entity1 undergoing minor oral surgery to check the efficacy of @entity4783 to provide @entity86 in dental @entity1 . The present study was undertaken to ascertain the efficacy of @entity4783 in providing prolonged @entity86 when added to 0.5% @entity1341 with epinephrine 1:200,000. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty healthy, consenting adult @entity1 scheduled for upper extremity surgery were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 equal groups based on the agents used for the blocks. @entity1 in group I received 40 mL of a local anesthetic alone, and those in group II received the same local anesthetic plus @entity4783 0.3 mg. The study was kept double-blind by having one dentist prepare the solutions, a second dentist perform the blocks, and a third dentist monitor the anesthesia and @entity1337 thereafter, up to and including the time of the first request for an analgesic medication. The data were reported as means +/- standard errors of the mean, and differences between groups were determined using t test. A P value less than .01 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean duration of @entity282 relief after injection of the local anesthetic alone was 8.34 +/- 0.11 hours compared with 28.18 +/- 1.02 hours after @entity4783 was added, a difference that was statistically (and clinically) significant (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity4783 to the local anesthetic used for intraoral nerve blocks in the present study provided a 3-fold increase in the duration of @entity86 , with complete @entity1337 persisting 30 hours beyond the duration provided by the local anesthetic alone in 75% of @entity1 . This practice can be of particular benefit to @entity1 undergoing minor oral surgery by providing prolonged @entity1337 after discharge from the hospital.

title: @entity4783 with XXXX for intraoral nerve blocks to provide @entity86 in outpatients after minor oral surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity241 ( @entity241 ) is a relatively rare, slow-growing, fibrohistiocytic @entity242 of intermediate @entity5 . The @entity5 appears most frequently on the trunk and extremities as a slow-growing indurated plaque or nodule. It appears mostly between the second and fifth decades of life. METHODS: This is a case presentation of a 59-year-old @entity1 with a 10 x 12 cm dermal erythematous plaque on the anterior chest wall. RESULTS: The @entity1 has a two year history of painless @entity5 on the chest. The lesion started as a small erythematous plaque and gradually increased in size. At that time the histologic examination revealed a benign @entity82 . Less than two years later the lesion was firm, painless to palpation and movable over deeper structures. The second histologic examination revealed a @entity243 . The third incisional biopsy was diagnostic for @entity241 showing a @entity5 consiting of a storiform pattern with cartwheel-like cells arranged around collagenous hubs. The @entity1 underwent a standard surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: We report an interesting case of @entity241 where limitations of standard vertical histology section resulted in postponed conformation of the diagnosis.

title: [ XXXX : case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'dermal tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity241 :: ('MESH:D018223', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'DFSP']

entities_list: @entity243 :: ('MESH:D018208', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid liposarcoma']

answer: @entity241 :: (MESH:D018223,Disease) :: ['Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity3123 is nowadays established by means of transabdominal sonography and computed tomography. In cases remaining unclear or accompanied by @entity3883 is also required. @entity5 can only be detected by ERCP or endosonography with sufficient accuracy. Biopsy (percutaneous or ductal during ERCP) should be restricted to cases in which the histologic or cytologic results influence therapeutic concepts substantially. Magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopy of the pancreatic duct are currently being evaluated. Tumor markers such as CA 19-9 are mostly useful in confirming suspicious morphology; their specificity and the sensitivity in small @entity5 are unsatisfactory. Precise pretherapeutic staging with computed tomography, endosonography, and laparoscopy can avoid superfluous surgical procedures. Early diagnosis of @entity788 appears possible at present only by means of ERCP or endosonography, but @entity1 at risk still have to be defined since blind screening would be ineffective due to insufficient specificity, expensive and dangerous due to the complications of the applied methods. In the @entity1 with @entity3883 unfit for surgery, or with metastatic spread of the disease, endoscopic stent insertion is the palliative treatment of choice. Because of longer patency metal stents are superior to plastic endoprotheses.

title: [ XXXX --diagnosis and screening--endoscopic therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice ERCP', 'obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'Small tumours']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: The effects of intravenous fibrinolysis on left ventricular function in @entity583 were investigated by two-dimensional echocardiography in @entity1 aged less than 70 for whom fibrinolysis was not contra-indicated and who were admitted less than 6 hours after the onset of a first @entity583 without @entity712 . The 12 @entity1 thus recruited were male; their mean age was 55 years and the @entity1188 was anterior in 6 cases and posterior in 6 cases. Streptokinase was administered first by bolus intravenous injection (250,000 IU over 20 min), then by intravenous infusion (100,000 IU over 12 hours); this was followed by heparin. No other medication was given, except for intravenous @entity3303 and oral @entity594 . Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed after 24 hours and on the 21st day, using the apical, two-cavities projection. The ejection fraction and the percentage of shortening in 16 ventricular segments (8 in the anterior and 8 in the inferior territories) were evaluated from systolic and diastolic ventricular contours. Ventricular angiography and coronary arteriography were performed concomitantly with echocardiography. No significant improvement in ejection fraction was observed. On both day 1 and day 21, the kinetics of the lower segments was improved and that of the anterior segments was distinctly reduced in inferior @entity1188 . The kinetics of all segments, irrespective of their territory, was significantly improved in anterior @entity1188 .

title: [Echocardiographic evaluation of intravenous streptokinase in XXXX in the acute phase].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess subclinical @entity73 in @entity1 of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) with normal "pull test", using dynamic posturography. METHODS: Twenty @entity191 @entity1 (H_Y stage 2) and 20 matched healthy controls were studied. The @entity1 were evaluated in best 'ON' state using UPDRS and Dynamic Posturography. The latter measured dynamic balance indices and limits of stability (LOS) in 8 directions: forward (FW), backward (BW), @entity4265 ( @entity4265 ), left (LT), forward- @entity4265 (FW- @entity4265 ), forward-left (FW-LT), backward- @entity4265 (BW- @entity4265 ) and backward-left (BW-LT). RESULTS: The dynamic balance indices and total LOS scores did not differ significantly between @entity191 and controls. Direction-wise analysis of LOS showed significantly lower scores (suggesting impaired balance) in @entity191 compared to controls only in FW- @entity4265 (21.2    13.8 vs 34.5    17.5, p=0.005) and BW-LT (20.8    9.8 vs 31.8    15.1, p=0.018) directions. In LOS test, controls had better stability in FW than BW (p=0.002) and on @entity4265 than LT directions (p=0.0005). Analysis in diagonal directions showed greater stability in FW- @entity4265 than FW-LT, in BW-LT than BW- @entity4265 , in FW- @entity4265 than BW- @entity4265 , and BW-LT than FW-LT directions. Though @entity191 @entity1 maintained greater stability in FW direction like controls, they lost the advantage in other directions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite normal "pull test", @entity191 @entity1 had subclinical direction-specific @entity73 , more apparent in forward- @entity4265 and backward-left directions. This information may be useful in modifying the standard "pull test" with addition of pull in diagonal directions for detection of early @entity73 .

title: Dynamic posturography in evaluation of balance in XXXX of @entity191 with normal pull test: concept of a diagonal pull test.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['balance impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus contains magnocellular neurosecretory neurons (MNC) which synthesize and release the peptide hormones vasopressin and @entity398 . @entity2227 is a prominent excitatory neurotransmitter in the SON and regulates MNC excitability. @entity143 receptors (NMDAR), a type of ionotropic @entity2227 receptor, mediate synaptic plasticity of MNCs and are necessary for characteristic burst firing patterns which serve to maximize hormone release. NMDARs are di- or tri-heteromeric complexes of @entity4474 and NR2 subunits. Receptor properties depend on NR2 subunit composition and variable splicing of @entity4474 . We investigated the expression profile of @entity4474 and NR2 subunits in the SON at the mRNA and protein levels plus protein expression of @entity4474 splice variants in control and salt-loaded adult @entity35 . There was robust mRNA expression of all subunits, with @entity4475 levels being the highest. At the protein level, @entity4474 , @entity4319 , and @entity4475 were robustly expressed, while @entity4476 was weakly expressed. @entity4477 protein was not detected with either of the two antibodies tested. All four @entity4474 splice variant cassettes (N1, C1, C2, C2') were detected in the SON, although @entity4474 N1 expression was too low for accurate analysis. Three days of salt-loading did not alter mRNA, protein, or splice variant expression of NMDAR subunits in the SON. Robust @entity4475 protein expression has not been previously shown in MNCs and is uncommon in the adult brain. Although the functional significance of this unusual expression profile is unknown, it may contribute to important physiological characteristics of SON neurons, such as burst firing and resistance to excitotoxicity.

title: @entity143 receptor subunit expression in the supraoptic nucleus of adult @entity35 : dominance of XXXX and @entity4475 .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

answer: @entity4319 :: (24410(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NR2B']


abstract: From October 1979 to November 1984, 41 @entity1 underwent placement of vena cava filters for prevention of @entity1151 . After filter placement, no @entity1151 were documented. No @entity1 died due to filter placement. However, 20 of these 41 @entity1 are dead. Eighteen deaths were caused by @entity5 . Ten (24%) @entity1 died within 2 months of filter placement. Five (12%) @entity1 died prior to hospital discharge. All ten of these @entity1 had known, widely @entity5 . Among the ten @entity1 who died more than 2 months after filter placement, six had well-differentiated, slow growing @entity5 . Only three of these @entity1 had brain @entity3 . Among the 21 survivors only two suffered from @entity5 . Strict adherence to accepted indications for vena cava filter placement required operative procedures on a small but significant number of @entity1 who demonstrated no significant improvement in quality of life or time out of hospital. Filter placement in @entity1 with @entity5 and proven @entity3 should be performed only after analysis of predicted survival and after detailed discussions with @entity1 and referring physicians. Filter placement in @entity1 with aggressive @entity5 may cause discomfort, risk, and expense with little hope for improvement of hospital course, longevity, or quality of life.

title: XXXX . A relative contraindication to vena cava filter placement.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'metastatic cancer', 'aggressive cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Metastatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum type II secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)-IIa) has been found to be predictive of adverse outcomes in @entity1 with stable @entity301 . Compounds targeting sPLA(2)-IIa are already under development. This study investigated if an association of sPLA(2)-IIa with secondary @entity65 ( @entity65 ) events may be of causal nature or mainly a matter of confounding by correlated cardiovascular risk markers. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Eight-year follow-up data of a prospective cohort study (KAROLA) of @entity1 who underwent in- @entity1 rehabilitation after an acute cardiovascular event were analysed. Associations of polymorphisms (SNP) in the sPLA(2)-IIa-coding gene @entity7098 with serum sPLA(2)-IIa and secondary fatal or non-fatal @entity65 events were examined by multiple regression. Hazard ratios (HR) were compared with those expected if the association between sPLA(2)-IIa and @entity65 were causal. The strongest determinants of sPLA(2)-IIa ( @entity11774 and @entity11775 ) were associated with an increase of serum concentrations by 81% and 73% per variant allele. HRs (95% confidence intervals) estimating the associations of the SNPs with secondary @entity65 events were increased, but not statistically significant (1.16 [0.89-1.51] and 1.18 [0.91-1.52] per variant allele, respectively). However, these estimates were very similar to those expected when assuming causality (1.18 and 1.17), based on an association of natural log-transformed sPLA(2)-IIa concentration with secondary events with HR=1.33 per unit. CONCLUSION: The present findings regarding genetic polymorphisms, determination of serum sPLA(2)-IIa, and prognosis in @entity65 @entity1 are consistent with a genuine causal relationship and thus might point to a valid drug target for prevention of secondary @entity65 events.

title: Type II secretory phospholipase A2 and prognosis in @entity1 with stable XXXX : mendelian randomization study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of @entity2288 (0.1 mmol/kg of body weight) compared with that of a substantially higher dose of @entity14998 (0.15 mmol/kg of body weight) in a @entity35 @entity1313 model at 1.5 and 3 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 20 Fischer @entity35 with a surgically implanted plastic brain cannula for @entity11 cell injection was divided into two groups. Group A underwent MRI at 1.5 T, and group B underwent MRI at 3 T. All @entity35 were implanted with 10 microL of @entity35 @entity11 cells. Seven days after @entity5 cell implantation, MRI was performed with the first of two contrast agents in randomized order. Twenty-four hours later, MRI was performed with the second contrast agent. Both contrast agents were macrocyclic but differed in concentration. All @entity35 were sacrificed after the second MRI scan was obtained, and brains were harvested for histopathologic assessment. For evaluation of image quality, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, and lesion enhancement were evaluated. RESULTS: Two @entity35 in each group died before the imaging protocol was completed. Thus, 16 @entity35 could be evaluated. At both 1.5 and 3 T, no significant differences between the two contrast agents were found in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, and lesion enhancement, although the contrast agents were applied at substantially different dosages. CONCLUSION: The amount of @entity2288 needed to reach the same efficacy as gadoterate @entity1559 is substantially lower, which may be beneficial for @entity1 with @entity8 . In addition, increasing the dose of @entity2288 to 0.15 mmol/kg of body weight can potentially lead to better delineation of lesions.

title: Brain MRI with single-dose (0.1 mmol/kg) XXXX at 1.5 T and 3 T: comparison with 0.15 mmol/kg @entity14998 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity14998 :: ('MESH:C072417', 'Chemical') :: ['gadoterate meglumine']

entities_list: @entity2288 :: ('MESH:C090600', 'Chemical') :: ['gadobutrol']

entities_list: @entity1559 :: ('MESH:D008536', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine']

answer: @entity2288 :: (MESH:C090600,Chemical) :: ['Gadobutrol']


abstract: Treatment options for @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) showed unsatisfactory outcomes. @entity1205 -based combinations could offer more promising and tolerated results. A phase II trial was conducted with the combination of @entity4381 , @entity1205 and @entity12749 . Eligibility consisted of metastatic @entity263 with objective progression or rising @entity1486 levels (PSA) despite @entity342 deprivation therapy. @entity4381 was given at a dose of 4 mg on day 1, @entity1205 (25 mg/m2) on days 1, 8 and 15, and @entity12749 orally at 140 mg two times daily on days 1 to 21 of a 28-day cycle. Twenty-seven @entity1 were enrolled between October 2002 and November 2004. Median age was 68 years (53-83 years). A total of 124 cycles were administered with a median of 4.6 cycles per @entity1 (1-8 cycles). The major @entity137 were grades 1 to 3 @entity417 (55%), @entity1295 (15%), @entity1665 (11%) and @entity3747 (11%). Two @entity1 presented with @entity1150 and died from @entity1151 . Another third @entity1 died from @entity6715 and grade 4 @entity99 . Out of the 25 @entity1 assessed for efficacy, 13 (52%) had a biologic response (>50% PSA decline). Three (21%) @entity1 among the 14 with measurable disease had objective response: 1 complete response (CR) and 2 partial responses (PR). Response duration was 2 months for PR and 4 months for CR. A total of 12 @entity1 (48%) experienced clinical benefit with @entity158 reduction. This combination seemed effective; however toxic @entity204 especially from @entity49 counterbalanced the advantage of this regimen.

title: Weekly @entity1205 , XXXX and @entity12749 in @entity263 ( @entity263 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12749 :: ('MESH:D004961', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone refractory prostate cancer', 'prostate adenocarcinoma', 'HRPC']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['Zoledronic acid', 'zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity4381 :: (MESH:C088658,Chemical) :: ['zoledronic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to develop a dissimilarity measure for the classification of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) texture in knee radiographs. Problems associated with the traditional extraction and selection of texture features and with the invariance to imaging conditions such as image size, anisotropy, noise, blur, exposure, magnification, and projection angle were addressed. METHODS: In the method developed, called a signature dissimilarity measure (SDM), a sum of earth mover's distances calculated for roughness and orientation signatures is used to quantify dissimilarities between textures. Scale-space theory was used to ensure scale and rotation invariance. The effects of image size, anisotropy, noise, and blur on the SDM developed were studied using computer generated fractal texture images. The invariance of the measure to image exposure, magnification, and projection angle was studied using x-ray images of @entity1 @entity2091 head. For the studies, Mann-Whitney tests with significance level of 0.01 were used. A comparison study between the performances of a SDM based classification system and other two systems in the classification of Brodatz textures and the detection of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) were conducted. The other systems are based on weighted neighbor distance using compound hierarchy of algorithms representing morphology (WND-CHARM) and local binary patterns (LBP). RESULTS: Results obtained indicate that the SDM developed is invariant to image exposure (2.5-30 mA s), magnification (x1.00 - x1.35), noise associated with film graininess and quantum mottle (< 25%), blur generated by a sharp film screen, and image size (> 64 x 64 pixels). However, the measure is sensitive to changes in projection angle (> 5 degrees), image anisotropy (> 30 degrees), and blur generated by a regular film screen. For the classification of Brodatz textures, the SDM based system produced comparable results to the LBP system. For the detection of knee @entity571 , the SDM based system achieved 78.8% classification accuracy and outperformed the WND-CHARM system (64.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The SDM is well suited for the classification of @entity79 texture images in knee @entity571 detection and may be useful for the texture classification of medical images in general.

title: A signature dissimilarity measure for XXXX texture in knee radiographs.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'trabecular bone']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['trabecular bone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to evaluate if continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) augments the effect of @entity842 (NO) inhalation on matching between ventilation and perfusion (VA/Q) during @entity647 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. SETTING: A research laboratory at a university medical center. SUBJECTS: Ten anesthetized mongrel @entity235 with @entity3952 -induced @entity651 . INTERVENTIONS: Zero or 40 parts per million of NO in the inspiratory gas, with and without 10 cm @entity4358 CPAP in random order. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Gas exchange was assessed by estimating the VA/Q distributions using the multiple inert gas elimination technique. Application of CPAP decreased blood flow to shunt units by 26 +/- 2 percent (mean +/- SD) and increased the fraction of cardiac output to normal VA/Q units (VA/Q ratio of 0.1 to 10) by 26 +/- 2 percent (p < 0.05). Inhalation of NO during CPAP accounted for a further 10 +/- 2 percent decrease in the blood flow to shunt units and an 8 +/- 2 percent increase in the fraction of the cardiac output to normal VA/Q units (p < 0.05). Inhalation of NO alone had no significant effect on the VA/Q distributions. Inhalation of NO decreased mean transmural pulmonary artery pressure (Ppatm) both without (Ppatm from 30 +/- 2 to 23 +/- 2 mm Hg; PVR from 323 +/- 44 to 228 +/- 43 dynes.s .cm-5; p < 0.05) and with CPAP (Ppatm from 25 +/- 2 to 20 +/- 2 mm Hg; PVR from 255 +/- 30 to 173 +/- 31 dynes.s.cm-5; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although pulmonary vascular resistance can be lowered with NO inhalation alone, recruitment of gas exchange units with CPAP is necessary to produce a beneficial effect of NO inhalation on VA/Q matching and oxygenation. When recruitment of gas exchange units with CPAP brings gaseous NO in contact with enough pulmonary blood vessels, NO-induced vasodilation will augment VA/Q matching by a steal mechanism.

title: Continuous positive airway pressure modulates effect of inhaled @entity842 on the ventilation-perfusion distributions in @entity235 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: Since the incidence of inflammatory @entity455 has been higher in Japan, its surgical treatment has been one of the main themes of vascular surgery from its beginning in this country. @entity2119 has been the main cause of @entity432 before the middle of 1970s. and many @entity1 suffered from intractable @entity63 leg @entity1066 with severe @entity158 . Reconstructive surgery, however, has been so much limited that number of the candidates for bypass surgery were around 10% of the @entity1 , because of distal nature of the disease. We have developed a new technique in distal bypass surgery named as Esmarch's rubber bandage method, which was intended to minimize @entity3816 to the host artery, and the results of its application to @entity2119 is very encouraging, and we have confirmed that this technique enables a bypass to the collateral arteries and muscular branches in place of the diseased tibio-peroneal artery. We expect this technique will clear a new avenue to surgical treatment of @entity2119 with limb threatening @entity63 . In @entity12040 , the carotid reconstruction was popular between the late 1950s and 1960s and, at the same time @entity1498 , @entity2792 , and @entity439 , along with their combined lesion became the objects of vascular surgery. This expansion of surgical indication contributed to the improvement of the prognosis and rehabilitation of the @entity1 . Long term function of the reconstruction has been also confirmed. On the other hand, several problems emerged with the widespread application of vascular reconstruction which were peculiar to the disease state. Among them, the most important problems were @entity16 due to sudden increase in the intracranial blood pressure after carotid reconstruction, and anastomotic @entity439 as the delayed complication affecting eventual outcome which are inherent to the @entity32 and extensive destruction of the medial component in this disease. A new method to prevent the postoperative @entity16 is discussed in this report. To improve the long term survival, meticulous observation of postoperative course is essential in @entity12040 . Recently, @entity1028 showing the peculiar gross appearance and clinical presentation have become the subject of discussion as @entity1028 because of remarkable thickening of the aneurysmal wall and a severe inflammatory change, and some difficulties of its surgical treatment have been stressed in the most of the reports. The recent researches offered the conclusion that etiology of the @entity439 is not @entity32 , but inflammatory reaction during formation of @entity731 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Surgical treatment of intractable vasculitis syndromes--with special reference to @entity2119 , @entity12040 , and so-called XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis"]

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['atypical coarctation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['chronic occlusive arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2119 :: ('MESH:D013919', 'Disease') :: ['Buerger disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['surgical injury']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Argus II retinal prosthesis may improve visual function in @entity1 with severe @entity1018 from @entity6391 . Optimal centration of the electrode array over the macula is important to achieve optimal visual results. @entity1518 is a novel entity that may be encountered during placement, especially in @entity1 with @entity1716 . METHODS: Retrospective case review. RESULTS: During tacking of the electronics array a @entity717 occurred resulting in malposition. We hypothesize this was secondary to undue rotation or posterior pressure applied during tack insertion in conjunction with placement over a previously unrecognized @entity1716 . Intraoperative optical coherence tomography, because of the cross-sectional images provided, was helpful in visualizing the distance between the electronics array and the retina, which was difficult to assess using the surgical microscope alone. Repositioning was achieved by adjusting the tack without removal. The @entity1 experienced an improvement in vision as a result of the surgery. CONCLUSION: Malrotation may occur when tacking the Argus II prosthesis, and the presence of a @entity1716 may increase this risk. It is important to differentiate @entity1518 from tack misplacement - the former may be addressed with array unrotation or partial tack withdrawal and the latter may require tack removal and reinsertion. Also, intraoperative optical coherence tomography may be helpful in characterizing electronics array position during surgery.

title: Argus II retinal prosthesis @entity1518 and repositioning with intraoperative optical coherence tomography in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1716 :: ('MESH:C536352', 'Disease') :: ['posterior staphyloma']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity1518 :: ('MESH:C562835', 'Disease') :: ['Argus tack malrotation', 'malrotation']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['clockwise rotation']

answer: @entity1716 :: (MESH:C536352,Disease) :: ['posterior staphyloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is strong evidence to suggest that @entity12807 ( @entity12807 ) is an important factor in @entity519 /ischaemia-induced @entity16 . Treatments that prevent the occurrence of @entity12807 may be useful in providing neuronal protection against @entity519 . The current study was designed to determine whether general anaesthetics which have been suggested to 'induce prophylaxis' against @entity519 can attenuate the incidence of @entity12807 . METHODS: The effects of @entity519 (3 min) on evoked extracellularly recorded field potentials of @entity1249 neurons in @entity35 hippocampal slices were assessed in the absence and presence of the i.v. general anaesthetics thiopental and @entity1875 and the volatile anaesthetic @entity5161 . RESULTS: In the absence of anaesthetics, @entity12807 occurred in 81% of the preparations tested. Thiopental (2 x 10(-4) M) significantly reduced the incidence of @entity12807 (16%, P=0.0006). In comparison, @entity1875 (2 x 10(-4) M) and @entity5161 (1.5 vol%) were ineffective (69% and 60%, respectively). Furthermore, in the presence of thiopental, the population spike amplitude recovered with and without @entity12807 (90% and 94% of pre-anoxic value, respectively) following 3 min @entity519 . CONCLUSION: The prophylactic effect of thiopental against @entity519 might be induced, in part, by preventing the generation of @entity12807 .

title: Anoxic depolarization of @entity35 hippocampal slices is prevented by thiopental but not by XXXX or @entity5161 .

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['anoxic depolarization', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neural damage']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: OBJECT: The objective of this study was to determine the role of intracranial CSF examination in detecting true cases of @entity5 dissemination. Cerebrospinal fluid dissemination is an ominous feature of pediatric @entity1313 , occurring in as many as 30% of @entity2946 , 25% of supratentorial primitive @entity4969 (PNETs), and 5% of @entity424 at diagnosis. Detecting early dissemination is important for determining both treatment and prognosis. Dissemination can be detected by evaluating imaging of the full neuraxis and by examining CSF cytology. Neuraxis MR imaging and lumbar CSF cytology evaluation are widely accepted methods for determining dissemination. However, the value of examining intracranial CSF cytology in detecting early dissemination is uncertain. METHODS: Under an institutional review board-approved protocol, medical records, pathology reports, and radiology reports for 150 @entity1 who had undergone resection of @entity1313 (88 with @entity2946 , 21 with supratentorial PNETs, and 41 with @entity424 ) and who had been evaluated using neuraxis MR imaging studies in the last 15 years were retrospectively reviewed. Radiology results were compared with the CSF cytology results and long-term disease outcomes. RESULTS: Between lumbar and intracranial CSF cytology results, 7 of 40 were discordant: in 2 intracranial CSF was negative and lumbar CSF was positive, and in 5 the reverse was true. The discordance percentage was 18%, with a kappa statistic of 0.36. Between MR imaging and lumbar CSF cytology results, 11 of 65 were discordant: in 9 the lumbar CSF was negative and MR imaging was positive, and in 2 the reverse was true. The discordance percentage is 17%, with a kappa statistic of 0.27. Between MR imaging and intracranial CSF cytology results, 8 of 52 were discordant: in 3 intracranial CSF was negative and MR imaging was positive, and in 5 the reverse was true. The discordance rate was 15%, with a kappa statistic of 0.41. @entity1 with positive and negative results on perioperative neuraxis MR imaging studies had a median survival of 26.8 and 33.1 months, respectively (p = 0.02). @entity1 with positive and negative results on perioperative lumbar CSF cytology had a median survival of 20.1 and 31.4 months, respectively (p = 0.11). @entity1 with positive and negative results on intracranial CSF cytology had a median survival of 31 and 31.4 months, respectively (p = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Discordance exists between the results of neuraxis MR imaging and lumbar and intracranial CSF cytology in perioperative detection of @entity5 dissemination for @entity2946 , supratentorial PNETs, and @entity424 . In 1 case in this series, perioperative dissemination was detected by intracranial CSF cytology, but not by lumbar CSF cytology or neuraxis MR imaging. Isolated intracranial CSF cytology positivity may represent an earlier stage of disseminated disease. Complementary use of perioperative neuraxis MR imaging and lumbar and intracranial CSF cytology can reduce the incidence of missed diagnoses of dissemination. Survival analysis revealed that perioperative neuraxis MR imaging findings are correlated with survival, whereas perioperative lumbar and intracranial CSF cytology findings are not.

title: Evaluation of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid cytology in staging pediatric XXXX , supratentorial primitive @entity4969 , and @entity424 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'early tumor']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric medulloblastoma', 'medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastomas']


abstract: The genotypic changes in 22 @entity703 and 16 of the corresponding normal kidney tissues by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were studied using directly labelled probes for chromosomes 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, X, and Y, and by flow cytometry (FCM). DNA ploidy analysis revealed 8 DNA aneuploid and 14 DNA diploid @entity5 . The mean single spot hybridization in normal kidney was 5 +/- 0.9% for chromosomes 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, and the X in females. The mean single spot hybridization for chromosomes 17 and 18 was 14.9% and 18.5%, respectively. The mean number of more than two (> 2) hybridization signals in normal kidney cells for all autosomes and the X-chromosome in females was 3 +/- 1.2%. Significant @entity393 was restricted to chromosomes 8, 18, X, and Y. The net @entity1017 and loss correlated with the DIs in @entity5 . All DNA diploid @entity5 showed both @entity1017 with a tendency to a net loss. No apparent correlation between the chromosomal aberrations and the clinicopathologic factors was found in this cohort. Our study demonstrates that: (1) tissue specific controls may provide better information for definable performance criteria for this technique; (2) monosomy can more reliably be assessed on fresh samples; (3) @entity393 is confined to certain chromosomes; (4) DNA diploid tumors manifest @entity1017 and loss of various chromosomes with a tendency to a net loss; and (5) integrated FISH and FCM analysis provide more information on the @entity2008 .

title: Interphase cytogenetics of XXXX . Correlation with DNA ploidy by flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'aneuploid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal loss and gain', 'heterogeneous gain', 'chromosomal gain']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities of these neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal loss']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cortical neoplasms']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal cortical neoplasms']


abstract: In summary, these observations suggest a model for @entity565 which is summarized in Table III. Initially, mast cells and possibly other bronchial cells, e.g., alveolar macrophages, are activated either in an IgE-dependent or, in @entity565 , in an IgE-independent fashion. These cells release two sets of mediators which may be either preformed or newly synthesized. One set of mediators is responsible for the immediate bronchospastic response. This @entity5143 is transient, readily reversible, and not associated with either @entity32 or @entity6587 . The second set of mediators, however, promote @entity6722 and activation of neutrophils and eosinophils. The subsequent bronchial @entity32 causes damage and desquamation of the respiratory epithelium. The increased exposure of irritant receptors results in hyperreactive airways. In addition, these inflammatory cells induce mast cell degranulation and recurrent @entity5143 . Thus, after the initial exposure to allergen, a vicious cycle of @entity32 , hyperreactivity and recurrent mast cell degranulation develops, ultimately leading to the pathological picture of chronic @entity565 .

title: The inflammatory theory of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'intrinsic asthma']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: We report our experience with laparoscopic staging of apparent early @entity43 , and we critically review the current literature on this issue. Potential limits of laparoscopic technique and theoretical concerns of using pneumoperitoneum-based surgery in this setting are addressed. METHODS: Surgical, pathological, and oncological outcome data of consecutive @entity1 undergoing comprehensive laparoscopic staging for presumed early @entity43 at our institution were prospectively collected. RESULTS: The median operative time was 348 minutes (range, 255-450 minutes). The median estimated @entity190 was 250 mL (range, 50-3000 mL). The mean number of pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes harvested was 24.5 (SD, 6.3) and 9.8 (SD, 7.1), respectively. The disease was upstaged in 6 @entity1 (23.1%). No conversion to laparotomy and no intraoperative complication occurred. One @entity1 had a retroperitoneal @entity1410 recognized in the postoperative period, and this required laparotomy and ligature of the hypogastric arteries to achieve hemostasis. The median follow-up period was 26.7 months (range, 2-83 months). Recurrence-free survival was 96.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that laparoscopic comprehensive surgical staging is a valuable treatment option for @entity43 @entity1 with apparent early disease. Evidence is beginning to accumulate suggesting that minimally invasive surgery is at least equivalent in surgicopathological outcomes and middle-range oncological results to the conventional treatment approach, and early concerns are proving largely unfounded.

title: Laparoscopy staging of early XXXX : our experience and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Local recurrence and survival were evaluated in 19 @entity1 with @entity320 of the scalp after conservative local treatment using a standard protocol of 3 cm excision margins and split skin grafting. Sixteen @entity1 and three @entity1 had a mean age of 46 years. 12 presented with stage I disease, one with stage II, five with stage III, and one with stage IV disease. @entity320 was present in 16 @entity1 . 17 @entity1 had either Clark level IV or V lesions and mean Breslow depth was 3.4 mm (range 0.9-25). Local recurrence occurred in only one @entity1 who had an excision biopsy performed. Six of 12 @entity1 with stage I disease developed regional adenopathy and only 2 are alive after therapeutic block dissection. All @entity1 with stage III and stage IV disease have died. Excision using 3 cm margin is adequate to control @entity66 . Scalp @entity320 is a specific anatomical subsite associated with a high incidence of regional disease and has a poor prognosis. This high risk group of @entity1 may benefit from elective lymph node dissection.

title: Results of 3 cm excision margin for XXXX of the scalp.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Nodular melanoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']