abstract: Research suggests @entity458 could result in @entity1317 and @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Studies also show @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) victims have higher circulating @entity2661 and other sympathoadrenal-neuroendocrine bioactive agents implicated in @entity16 . Here we analyzed resting 12-lead electrocardiographic (ECG) results among a national sample of 4,462 nonhospitalized male veterans (mean age = 38) about 20 years after military service by current posttraumatic stress (n = 54), general @entity148 (n = 186), and @entity308 (n = 157) disorders. ECGs were interpreted by board-certified cardiologists and summarized using the Minnesota Code Manual of Electrocardiographic Findings. @entity146 were diagnosed based on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version III. Controlling for age, place of service, illicit drug use, medication use, race, body mass index, @entity167 use, cigarette smoking, and education, @entity1005 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17-4.26, p < 0.05), @entity148 (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.03-2.22, p < 0.05), and @entity308 (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.13-2.58, p < 0.01) were associated with having a positive ECG finding. Specific results indicate @entity1005 was associated with @entity713 (OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.03-7.66, p < 0.05) and @entity1188 (OR = 4.44, 95% CI = 1.20-16.43, p < 0.05), while @entity308 was associated with @entity943 (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.23, p < 0.01). The @entity1005 associations for @entity713 and @entity1188 held, even after controlling for current @entity148 and @entity308 . These findings suggest @entity458 may result in @entity301 , because we controlled for obvious biases and confounders, the @entity1 studied had current @entity1005 due to combat exposures 20 years ago, combat exposure was associated with @entity148 and @entity308 among these @entity1 , and the @entity1 were disease free a military induction. These findings suggest the need for clinical surveillance among combat veterans, better psychobiologic models of @entity301 pathogenesis, and additional research.

title: Electrocardiogram abnormalities among XXXX with stress-related @entity146 : implications for @entity301 and clinical research.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['arterial damage']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular (AV) conduction defects', 'AV conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic Stress Disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial endothelial injury']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report an extremely rare clinical pathological observation of a case of primary @entity706 , without testicular or systemic involvement, and to update the relevant literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 25-year-old white male @entity1 complaining of @entity158 was referred to our department. Clinical examination detected a hard painful mass at the right epididymal head. @entity3892 was diagnosed and conservative therapy with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs was given. After 2 months of therapy the @entity1 was admitted to our department because a @entity5 was suspected. @entity5 markers were normal. Right scrotal exploration was performed through a standard inguinal incision. The epididymal head was completely replaced by a hard white mass. Fresh frozen sections indicated a @entity5 . Right radical orchiectomy was performed. RESULTS: High-grade primary @entity1893 with diffuse large cells (group G according to the Working Formulation) was diagnosed. Clinical pathological staging detected stage IE (extranodal) primary @entity706 . The @entity1 was referred to the Hematologic Unit for combined chemotherapy, according to the VACOP-B protocol. After an 18-month follow-up the @entity1 is well and disease free. CONCLUSIONS: When an epididymal mass does not benefit from medical treatment, scrotal exploration and fresh frozen sections of the lesion should be done. The possible bilateral involvement by primary @entity706 has to be kept in mind. Radical orchiectomy is the treatment of choice for primary @entity706 . Adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated in high-grade @entity706 . Prognostic parameters of the disease may be the grade of @entity5 and the size of the @entity5 .

title: Primary XXXX : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['epididymal lymphoma', 'lymphoma of the epididymis', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3892 :: ('MESH:D004823', 'Disease') :: ['Epididymitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['right scrotal pain']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["epididymal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma of the epididymis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The surgical outcomes of @entity1 who underwent discectomy for contralateral recurrent herniation and primary herniation were evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the clinical results in @entity1 undergoing surgery for contralateral recurrent disc herniation may be as good as those reported after primary discectomy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: No retrospective or prospective investigation has been conducted on the surgical treatment of contralateral recurrent @entity890 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 who underwent surgery for recurrent disc herniation at the same level as primary disc excision, but on the opposite side, were analyzed prospectively from the recurrence of @entity158 (Group 1). All @entity1 had reported a satisfactory results after primary discectomy. Fifty consecutive @entity1 who underwent disc excision during the study period, who did not report recurrent @entity158 , were analyzed for comparison (Group 2). Overall @entity1 satisfaction, @entity158 severity, functional outcome, and work status were evaluated. RESULTS: At the 2-year follow-up, the clinical outcome was rated as satisfactory in 14 of 16 @entity1 in Group 1 and in 45 of 50 in Group 2 (P > 0.05). Twelve @entity1 in Group 1 and 42 in Group 2 had resumed their work or daily activities at the same level as before the operation (P > 0.05). @entity158 was significantly improved in both groups at the 6-month and 2-year follow-ups. At the 6-month follow-up, @entity1643 was significantly improved only in the @entity1 in Group 2; however, at the 2-year follow-up, @entity1643 was significantly improved in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical results in @entity1 reoperated on for contralateral recurrent @entity890 compare favorably with those reported after primary discectomy. The improvement of @entity1643 and lower limbs reported by the majority of @entity1 2 years after reoperation suggests that fusion is not needed in this @entity1 population.

title: Contralateral recurrent XXXX . Results of discectomy compared with those in primary herniation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the low back', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Radicular pain', 'radicular pain', 'contralateral radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: The effects of @entity19934 with or without @entity2819 replacement on susceptibility to @entity1819 by various ulcerogenic stimuli have been evaluated in @entity35 . @entity356 were induced in male @entity35 by stimuli of different modalities and intensities: 20% @entity1068 (po), @entity117 (300 mg/kg, ip), acidified @entity117 (40 mM, po) and 100% @entity1543 (applied to gastric serosa). Glucocorticoid supply was decreased by adrenalectomy or by delayed inhibitory action after a single pharmacological dose of @entity701 (300 mg/kg, ip) injected one week before the onset of ulcerogenic stimulus. @entity2819 for replacement (4 mg/kg, sc) was injected in @entity35 with @entity19934 15 min before the onset of ulcerogenic stimulus. Plasma @entity2819 levels were measured by fluorometry. @entity356 were quantitated by measuring the area of damage. Ulcerogenic stimuli induced both plasma @entity2819 rise and @entity1819 . The area of @entity16 induced various stimuli ranged from small to extensive. @entity19934 significantly potentiated an ulcerogenic action of every ulcerogenic stimulus. Replacing @entity2819 prevented or significantly decreased erosion-potentiating effect of @entity19934 . These results show that endogenous glucocorticoids released during ulcerogenic influences help gastric mucosa to resist a harmful action of both weak and strong ulcerogenic stimuli.

title: Various ulcerogenic stimuli are potentiated by @entity19934 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19934 :: ('MESH:C564577', 'Disease') :: ['glucocorticoid deficiency', 'Glucocorticoid deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damages']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone', 'corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric erosions']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A revised EEG grading scale in @entity772 has been introduced previously. This scale is based on the internationally accepted 5 grade scale but also contains uncommon patterns such as spindle, alpha and theta pattern comas. By defining 15 separate grades and subgrades it was possible to reduce the number of patterns of uncertain prognostic significance for survival to 4 out of the 15 possible patterns. It is also hoped that by a clear definition of individual grades and subdivisions the scale will assist electroencephalographers who lack experience of @entity772 cases. The validity of the scale has been tested in a group of 63 @entity1 who suffered @entity1167 in excess of 7 minutes' duration. The EEG was performed 24 to 36 hours after the onset of @entity772 . The accuracy of prediction for survival was 98.4%, a rate higher than in previously published studies. The mortality rate was 70%, 19 @entity1 surviving. There was a statistically significant correlation between mortality rate and duration of @entity1167 and also between mortality rate and increasing age. Four suggested scale subdivisions did not occur in the material studied but these subdivisions are more common in traumatic @entity75 . This study shows that an EEG performed 24 to 36 hours after @entity1167 provides significant information for the prediction of survival. No specific patterns of microscopic changes in the brain were found to correlate with individual EEG abnormalities in fatal @entity75 .

title: Validity of a revised EEG @entity772 scale for predicting survival in anoxic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies', 'anoxic encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: Although it is now established that neurogenesis of dentate gyrus granule cells increases after experimental @entity410 , little is currently known about the function of the new granule cells. One question is whether they become integrated into the network around them. Recent experiments that focused on the newly born granule cells in the hilus showed that indeed the new cells appear to become synchronized with host hippocampal neurons [Scharfman et al. (2000) J. Neurosci. 20, 6144-6158]. To address this issue further, we asked whether the new hilar granule cells were active during spontaneous limbic @entity410 that follow @entity159 induced by @entity2134 injection. Thus, we perfused @entity35 after spontaneous @entity410 and stained sections using antibodies to @entity5019 , a marker of neural activity, and calbindin, a marker of the newly born hilar granule cells [Scharfman et al. (2000) J. Neurosci. 20, 6144-6158]. We asked whether calbindin-immunoreactive hilar neurons were also @entity5019 -immunoreactive. @entity5019 was highly expressed in calbindin-immunoreactive hilar neurons. Approximately 23% of hilar cells that expressed @entity5019 were double-labeled for calbindin. In addition, other types of hilar neurons, i.e. those expressing @entity7053 or @entity10969 , also expressed @entity5019 . Yet other hippocampal neurons, including granule cells and pyramidal cells, had weak expression of @entity5019 at the latency after the @entity410 that hilar neuron expression occurred. In controls, there was very little @entity5019 or calbindin expression in the hilus.These results indicate that calbindin-immunoreactive hilar cells are activated by spontaneous @entity410 . Based on the evidence that many of these cells are likely to be newly born, the data indicate that new cells can become functionally integrated into limbic circuits involved in recurrent @entity410 generation. Furthermore, they appear to do so in a manner similar to many neighboring hilar neurons, apparently assimilating into the local environment. Finally, the results show that a number of hilar cell types are activated during chronic recurrent @entity410 in the @entity2134 model, a surprising result given that many hilar neurons are thought to be damaged soon after @entity2134 -induced @entity159 .

title: Spontaneous recurrent XXXX after @entity2134 -induced @entity159 activate calbindin-immunoreactive hilar cells of the @entity35 dentate gyrus.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To reconcile conflicting published reports concerning the absolute and comparative clinical efficacy of antimicrobial drugs for @entity697 in @entity1 . STUDY SELECTION: Articles were identified by MEDLINE search, Current Contents, and references from review articles, textbook chapters, and retrieved reports. Randomized, controlled trials of therapeutic antimicrobial drugs used in the initial empiric therapy for simple @entity697 were selected by independent, blinded observers, and scored on 11 measures of study validity. Thirty English and three foreign-language articles met all inclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were abstracted for an end point of complete clinical resolution (primary control), exclusive of @entity2171 , within 7 to 14 days after therapy started. DATA SYNTHESIS: The spontaneous rate of primary control--without antibiotics or tympanocentesis--was 81% (95% confidence interval, 69% to 94%). Compared with placebo or no drug, antimicrobial therapy increased primary control by 13.7% (95% confidence interval, 8.2% to 19.2%). No significant differences were found in the comparative efficacy of various antimicrobial agents. Extending antimicrobial coverage to include beta-lactamase-producing organisms did not significantly increase the rates of primary control or resolution of @entity2171 . Pretreatment tympanocentesis was positively associated with individual group primary control rates, negatively associated with the ability to detect differences in clinical efficacy and unassociated with resolution of MEE. CONCLUSIONS: Antimicrobial drugs have a modest but significant impact on the primary control of @entity697 . Treatment with beta-lactamase-stable agents does not increase resolution of acute symptoms or @entity2171 ; initial therapy should be guided by considerations of safety, tolerability, and affordability, and not by the theoretical advantage of an extended antibacterial spectrum.

title: Clinical efficacy of antimicrobial drugs for @entity697 : metaanalysis of 5400 XXXX from thirty-three randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear effusion']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1087 secondary to a @entity5 can be relieved by operative bypass or percutaneous stenting. Comparative trials involving these techniques are scarce. We reviewed our experience with these competing techniques in the palliation of @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity5 managed at our institution during the period 1992-2002 were identified for review. RESULTS: A total of 36 @entity1087 @entity1 with @entity3885 were identified. Twenty-two @entity1 underwent exploration with the intention of performing an operative bypass and 14 @entity1 underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) with intention to stent. Procedure-related mortality was similar in both groups. Morbidity was much higher in the operative group. Effective symptom relief was achieved with both techniques. In the PTC group recurrent @entity253 in 2 @entity1 necessitated salvage non-operative procedures. Although survival rates were slightly longer in the operative group, this was not significant. There were no long-term survivors. CONCLUSION: Operative bypass provides better sustained relief of @entity1087 than PTC. However long-term survival in both groups is poor and operative bypass is best reserved for younger @entity1 with no technical contraindications. Despite early and late procedural failures PTC is the method of choice for @entity1 with @entity5 and those with significant co-morbidities.

title: Palliation of XXXX at a single centre--review of operative and non-operative techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'Jaundice', 'deeply jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage disease', 'malignant hilar obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['hilar obstruction']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant hilar obstruction']


abstract: The results of the conservative approach in the management of @entity1 with orbital @entity8924 were studied at the Orbital Centre, Amsterdam. In 54 out of 111 @entity1 with a pure blow-out @entity174 , high resolution CT was performed. In these 54 @entity1 with @entity892 , clinical examination together with the analysis of direct multiplanar high resolution CT revealed four cases of @entity1319 . These were @entity4 , @entity2895 , @entity9577 and adhesions around the lower eye muscles and the orbital floor. @entity1 were immediately instructed to exercise @entity1319 thoroughly. If @entity892 did not resolve, further management was decided on. In all @entity1 with @entity4 or @entity2895 , @entity892 resolved spontaneously. Surgery was necessary to reduce @entity892 in the @entity9577 and adhesion groups. This study shows that eye movement exercises together with a 'wait and see' approach diminish the number of operations by 50% in @entity1 with pure @entity8924 . It also circumvents the iatrogenic adhesions between eye muscles and orbital floor, which are difficult to treat.

title: [Conservative therapy frequently indicated in XXXX of the orbit].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity9577 :: ('MESH:D015841', 'Disease') :: ['enophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['blow-out fractures']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['eye movements', 'impaired motility']

answer: @entity8924 :: (MESH:D009917,Disease) :: ['blow-out fractures']


abstract: The translation elongation factor 1alpha ( @entity55010 ) is known to have several isoforms, which are expressed in a tissue- and stage-specific manner. Two genes encoding @entity55010 exist per haploid genome in the @entity7021 . In the present study, the promoter activity of the 5'-flanking region of the @entity7021 @entity55010 -A gene, an isoform of @entity55010 , was characterized using transgenic techniques. First, using CAT gene as a reporter, it was revealed that about 1.8 kbp 5'-flanking sequence from the transcription initiation site of @entity55010 -A was sufficient for high-level promoter activity. Second, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene fused to this region was introduced into @entity7021 eggs using the microinjection method. Three germline transgenic individuals (one male and two female) were mated with non-transgenic @entity7021 to obtain F1 offspring. In the case of embryonic and adult F1 transgenic individuals, GFP fluorescence was observed in almost all the tissues examined (e.g. kidney, liver, heart, gill, ovary, and testis), except for the skeletal muscle. In the case of F2 transgenic embryos derived from F1 transgenic males and non-transgenic females, the fluorescence was observed from the early gastrula stage. On the other hand, in the case of F2 transgenic embryos derived from F1 transgenic females and non-transgenic males, the fluorescence was observed even at the 1-cell stage, suggesting that this region is transcriptionally active during oogenesis. The usefulness of the @entity55010 -A promoter as a tool for introducing foreign proteins into oocytes is discussed.

title: Activity of the XXXX translation elongation factor 1alpha-A promoter examined using the GFP gene as a reporter.

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['medaka']


abstract: PURPOSE: To avoid inducing a state of @entity66 ( @entity66 ), assisted reproductive technologies (ART) must maintain a balance of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and antioxidants during the in vitro culture of oocytes. However, oocyte requirements and tolerance thresholds for ROS during in vivo development are still unclear. Previous studies have examined ROS levels in follicular fluid (FF) using pooled samples or according to follicle size. This study sought to examine two @entity66 markers, lipid @entity8415 (LPO) and @entity273 ( @entity274 ), in FF of individually sampled follicles from @entity291 ovary pairs according to follicle size, @entity1146 , and dominance status. METHODS: TUNEL and cleaved Caspase-3 labeling were used to identify apoptotic granulosa cells and determine follicle @entity1146 status. LPO were measured directly for the first time in FF. RESULTS: Non-atretic follicles and dominant follicles contained more FF @entity274 than atretic follicles and corresponding subordinate follicles, respectively. FF LPO did not vary in relation to @entity159 , and no difference existed between dominant and subordinate follicles. However, FF LPO was significantly lower in first subordinate follicles than in the second subordinate follicles from each ovary pair. Neither @entity274 nor LPO levels correlated with follicle size. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide clear evidence that the events of antral folliculogenesis are relevant to ROS dynamics in vivo. Furthermore, such studies will help to optimize in vitro conditions for oocyte culture protocols, particularly when combined with a comparison of oocyte quality with respect to source follicle characteristics.

title: Follicular fluid @entity273 and lipid XXXX in @entity291 antral follicles of various size, @entity1146 , and dominance status.

entities_list: @entity8415 :: ('CHEBI:35924', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxides']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['atretic status']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydroperoxide']


abstract: Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, @entity12144 with @entity1188 is often fatal. Parameters determining the high mortality are seldom discussed in the literature. By univariate statistical analysis we correlated the therapeutic outcome of our @entity1 to 20 parameters. Between 1 January 1984 and 30 April 1996 we treated 22 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 with @entity63 of vascular origin. All @entity1 underwent laparotomy, 40% (n = 16) due to the diagnosis of @entity1188 . In 15% (n = 6) the laparotomy was only exploratory; in 34 cases (85%) bowel resection was carried out. Mortality for all @entity1 was 55% (n = 22). Univariate analysis of the 20 parameters showed that the therapeutic outcome was significantly correlated to a pre-existing @entity6 , the course of hospitalization, and the high ASA class. There was no correlation to the length of resected bowel. Most parameters that determine the mortality of bowel @entity1188 are pre-existing and cannot be influenced, but survival can be achieved in some @entity1 if radical and aggressive resection is carried out at the side of almost complete small bowel @entity1188 and followed by an elective second-look operation. Even @entity5277 can be treated. @entity1 can return to a near normal lifestyle with an acceptable quality of life with the aid of parenteral nutrition at home.

title: [Fatal outcome factors of XXXX of primary vascular origin].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute bowel ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric infarction', 'infarction', 'intestinal infarction']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short-bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity12144 :: ('MESH:D008641', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric vascular occlusion']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['intestinal infarct']


abstract: @entity1 fetal neural stem/progenitor cells (hNSCs) are investigated for their potential as a cell source for cell-based therapies in @entity179 . However, the limited availability of fetal tissue and insufficient understanding of the lineage-dependent pattern of survival, migration, and differentiation following engraftment are still unresolved issues. In the current study hNSCs derived from different brain regions were long-term expanded in vitro to yield proliferating neurospheres giving rise to neurons, astro-, and oligodendroglial cells and assessed for their potential for migration, differentiation, and anatomical integration following intracerebral grafting into @entity35 . hNSCs isolated from neocortex, striatum, midbrain, and spinal cord (SC) proliferated following in vitro differentiation, and showed a significant decrease of newly formed neurons along the @entity2270 of the developing central nervous system (CNS). Most of the mature neurons were positive for the neurotransmitter @entity1246 . In vivo all cell types survived up to 9 weeks posttransplantation. Intrastriatally grafted hNSCs migrated extensively along white matter tracts reaching both rostral (forceps minor) and caudal (midbrain, cerebral peduncle) brain regions. The majority of migratory cells expressed the stem cell marker, nestin. A fraction of grafted cells acquired a neuronal phenotype expressing doublecortin, beta-III-tubulin, or @entity1246 . These data demonstrate efficient in vitro propagation, region-specific long-term survival, long-distance migration, and neuronal differentiation of hNSCs after transplantation into the adult @entity35 brain. The availability of a large pool of in vitro expanded nestin-positive cells offers the possibility for further ex vivo manipulations and the recruitment of different neuronal phenotypes for cell replacement strategies for @entity6220 .

title: Restricted spontaneous in vitro differentiation and region-specific migration of long-term expanded fetal XXXX neural precursor cells after transplantation into the adult @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disorders']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['rostrocaudal axis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity650 ( @entity650 ), one of the proinflammatory cytokines, is considered to be one of the factors associated with poor prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). @entity5740 ( @entity5740 ) is rapidly up-regulated by @entity650 and a negative regulator of cytokine signalling. @entity5740 not only suppresses cytokine-mediated JAK/STAT signalling, but also sustains MAPK pathways. In our study, among the @entity1358 cell lines, @entity650 mRNA expression was the highest in the @entity1 cells, which also showed the highest level of @entity5740 mRNA expression under the condition of interferon stimulation. In contrast, ACHN cells had the lowest expression of both @entity650 and @entity5740 mRNA under the same condition. Our study is undertaken to evaluate the effect of humanised antihuman @entity10497 ( @entity10497 ) antibody, which completely neutralises @entity650 activity, in @entity1358 cell proliferation and its effect on signalling pathways. @entity10497 antibody, tocilizumab, significantly suppressed cell proliferation in @entity1 cells with interferon stimulation. Western blot analysis revealed that the tocilizumab enhanced the interferon-induced phosphorylation of @entity6897 and inhibited @entity5740 expression and the phosphorylation of both @entity4104 and @entity3963 . In contrast, the @entity650 inhibited @entity6897 phosphorylation, enhanced @entity4104 phosphorylation and accelerated cell proliferation in ACHN cells. The in vivo effects of combination therapy with tocilizumab and interferon showed significant suppression of 786-O @entity5 growth in a xenograft model. Morphological observation of the @entity5 revealed the apoptosis, invasion of inflammatory cells and @entity82 . These findings suggest that combination therapy using an antihuman @entity10497 antibody with interferon may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity1358 .

title: Humanised antihuman XXXX antibody with interferon inhibits @entity1358 cell growth in vitro and in vivo through suppressed @entity5740 expression.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5740 :: ('9021', 'Gene') :: ['Suppressor of cytokine signalling-3', 'SOCS3']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity10497 :: (3570,Gene) :: ['IL-6R']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1262 plays a major role in regulating the concentration of chemotherapeutic agents inside the cytoplasm of normal and cancerous cells. The present in vitro study has primarily focused on the evaluation of the chemosensitising drug model, @entity1855 , as a @entity1262 antagonist not only to overcome chemoresistance in @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) chemoresistant cells ( @entity876 (+) i.e. over-expressing @entity876 mutant protein @entity1893 cells) but also to evaluate and suggest the use of the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay in the clinical setting. METHODS: Leucocytes from @entity3726 -chemoresistant @entity1893 @entity1 ( @entity876 (+) cells) were examined in the SCGE assay. Altered levels of DNA damage (tail moments) were determined by the assay not only in the leucocytes from clinical samples, but also in the Raji cell sub-lines ( @entity1893 model) which are also over-expressing @entity876 mutant protein. In addition, as a comparison, @entity1262 was examined in normal @entity1 leucocytes and Raji cells. RESULTS: Verapamil increased the tail moments induced by @entity632 in all cell types over-expressing @entity876 mutant protein. DISCUSSION: The assay was successful for evaluating @entity1262 regulation. This suggests the applicability at the cellular level of the method as suitable for use in the clinical setting since it is reliable and could be used pre-clinically or perhaps instead of or alongside clinical trails. Cells from @entity1 with a chemoresistant disease state or whose disease relapses subsequently could be treated with such novel experimental therapies in vitro to determine the necessity for the individual administration of a @entity1262 antagonist.

title: An in vitro model to study chemoresistance in XXXX @entity1 over-expressing mutant @entity876 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1262 :: ('5243', 'Gene') :: ['P-glycoprotein', 'P-Glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to report the clinical and imaging patterns of nine cases of stress @entity174 of the rib diagnosed in Italian Olympic rowers. @entity1 AND METHODS: Nine @entity1 with stress @entity174 of the rib detected from 103 (8.7%) Italian team rowers competing between May 2000 and May 2006 were identified based on the database of a sports medicine institute. All athletes were male. They were aged between 17 and 31 years (mean: 24.4). @entity1 weight, @entity174 location, rowing side and imaging methods employed were noted. RESULTS: The diagnosis was made based on history, clinical examination and Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy. Eight of the 9 @entity174 were located anterolaterally between the fourth and ninth rib. In 1 of the 5 athletes with standard radiographs, a @entity174 line was visible and in 4 there was callus formation. In 2 athletes sonography was performed, which detected discontinuity of the rib surface and callus formation (1 case each). CONCLUSION: @entity1642 of the ribs are relatively common in competitive rowers. They are characterized by increasing lateral @entity662 and typical scintigraphic, radiographic and sonographic findings.

title: XXXX of the ribs in elite competitive rowers: a report of nine cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Stress fractures']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['Stress fractures']


abstract: 1. The principal aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity8 on the pharmacokinetics of @entity3360 following intravenous and oral dosing. 2. The plasma clearance of @entity3360 was significantly lower at 6.5 ml min-1 kg-1 in @entity1 with @entity8 , compared with a mean value of 10.4 in @entity1 with normal renal function and with 12.5 ml min-1 kg-1 in @entity1 on regular haemodialysis treatment. 3. In comparison to the @entity1 with normal renal function, there were significant increases in AUC and Cmax in the @entity1 with @entity8 . These increases were particularly marked during chronic dosing - AUC was increased by 163%, Cmax by 127% and apparent oral bioavailability by 90%. There were no such increases in the dialysis group whose values were similar to those for normal renal function. 4. There were no significant differences in volume of distribution or protein binding, nor in the measured indices of hepatic function to account for the reduction in drug clearance in the @entity1 with @entity8 . 5. The results of this study indicate that @entity8 may have a significant and potentially important impact on the disposition of a drug which, under normal circumstances, is highly extracted by the liver. Accumulation of a metabolic 'inhibitor' substance is a possible explanation.

title: Inhibitory effect of uraemia on the hepatic clearance and metabolism of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

answer: @entity3360 :: (MESH:D009529,Chemical) :: ['nicardipine']


abstract: Between 1977 and 1988, 22 @entity1 underwent definitive repair for @entity1146 with intact @entity67 . Fifteen underwent biventricular repair (mean age 24 months). All had mild to moderate @entity4265 at the time of definitive repair. Repair consisted of closure of the @entity118 with @entity4266 and outflow tract with a patch in eight, insertion of a valved homograft in three, and superior vena cava-pulmonary artery connection in four. There was one operative @entity204 (7%). Seven @entity1 had severe @entity4265 at the time of definitive repair and underwent a Fontan procedure (mean age 46 months). In two a valved connection was made to the right ventricle and in five a right @entity358 nonvalved connection. There were two operative deaths (29%). Three @entity1 had right ventricular-coronary sinusoids: Two of them underwent a Fontan procedure and one a biventricular repair. We conclude that with adequate early palliation a biventricular repair may be successfully performed for @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity4265 , and the Fontan procedure may be used for those with severe @entity4265 .

title: Definitive repair in @entity1 with XXXX and intact @entity67 .

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['atrial-pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septum']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of the right ventricular cavity']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['pulmonary atresia']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate effects of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on regeneration of a defect experimentally created in the periodontium of a @entity235 model. Surgically created mesial 3-walled periodontal defects with ligature-induced @entity2521 were produced bilaterally in the first lower premolar teeth of 10 mongrel @entity235 . Simultaneously, DPSCs were derived from the maxillary premolar teeth of the same @entity235 . Four weeks after creation of the @entity2521 model, autologous passaged-3 DPSCs combined with Bio-Oss were implanted on one side as the test group. On the other side, only Bio-Oss was implanted as a control. Eight weeks after surgery, regeneration of the periodontal defects was evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically in terms of bone, @entity2521 ( @entity2521 ), and cement formation. Histologically, in all test specimens (10 defects), regeneration of cementum, bone, and @entity2521 was observed. In the control groups, although we observed the regeneration of bone in all defects, the formation of cementum was seen in 9 defects and @entity2521 was seen in 8 defects. Histomorphometric analyses showed that the amount of regenerated cementum and @entity2521 in the test groups (3.83    1.32 mm and 3.30    1.12 mm, respectively) was significantly higher than that of the control groups (2.42    1.40 mm and 1.77    1.27 mm, respectively; P < .05). A biocomplex consisting of DPSCs and Bio-Oss would be promising in regeneration of periodontal tissues.

title: Autologous dental pulp stem cells in regeneration of defect created in XXXX periodontal tissue.

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'periodontal ligament', 'PDL']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Adult male @entity19 exposed to long-term intermittent @entity519 (LTIH), modeling @entity387 oxygenation patterns, develop @entity1110 ( @entity1110 ) oxidase-dependent residual @entity2147 and oxidative injury in select brain regions, including wake-active regions. Premenopausal females are less susceptible to selective oxidative brain injuries. We sought to determine whether female @entity19 exposed to LTIH would confer resistance to LTIH-induced @entity73 and oxidative injuries. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Young adult male and female C57BI/6J @entity19 were studied in a university laboratory. INTERVENTIONS: @entity19 were randomly assigned to either LTIH or sham LTIH for 8 weeks. Total (24-h) wake time and mean sleep latency were measured under 2 conditions: rested and following 6 hours of enforced wakefulness. @entity1110 oxidase activation, carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation assays were also performed to assess sex differences in oxidative responses to LTIH. RESULTS: In contrast with the significant LTIH-induced @entity73 observed in male @entity19 , females following LTIH showed normal wake times and sleep latencies. Female @entity19 revealed less baseline carbonylation and less carbonylation following LTIH but showed robust @entity1110 oxidase activation and lipid peroxidation. In contrast with the female relative resistance to @entity519 , female @entity19 showed more-pronounced @entity25 and delta response after enforced wakefulness. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a robust oxidative response to LTIH, age-matched female @entity19 may be protected, at least temporarily, from LTIH @entity73 by lower basal carbonylation. In contrast, females show greater @entity73 after @entity1949 . We hypothesize sex differences in polysomnographic predictors of @entity25 in @entity1 with @entity387 .

title: Sex differences in susceptibility to oxidative injury and @entity25 from intermittent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['wake impairments']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnolence']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'NADPH']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['LTIH sleepiness', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'sleepiness and residual sleepiness']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: 1. The in vitro metabolism of chlorotriazines, @entity14458 (SIZ), @entity12472 ( @entity10664 ) and @entity31841 (PRZ) in liver microsomes from @entity35 , @entity19 and @entity840 and the oestrogenic activity of chlorotriazines and their main metabolites have been studied. 2. The formation rates of products in chlorotriazine metabolism were determined by HPLC. The principal reactions catalysed by the cytochrome P450 (P450) system were N-monodealkylation and isopropylhydroxylation in all liver microsomes. As a result, 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine (M1) (SIZ-M1 for SIZ and @entity10664 -M1 for @entity10664 ) and 2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine (M2) ( @entity10664 -M2 for @entity10664 and PRZ-M2 for PRZ), and 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-(1-hydroxyisopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (M3) ( @entity10664 -M3 for @entity10664 ) and 2-chloro-4-isopropylamino-6-(1-hydroxyisopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazi ne (M4) (PRZ-M4 for PRZ) were detected as the metabolites. N-bidealkylation was not found in this system. 3. The formation rates of N-deethylated metabolites (SIZ-M1 and @entity10664 -M2) were generally higher in @entity19 than in @entity35 and @entity840 . The formation rates of N-deisopropylated metabolites ( @entity10664 -M1 and PRZ-M2) in @entity840 were the lowest among the three animal species. The formation rates of isopropylhydroxylated metabolites ( @entity10664 -M3 and PRZ-M4) were remarkably low in @entity19 compared with @entity35 and @entity840 . 4. The enzyme kinetics of chlorotriazine metabolism were examined by Eadie-Hofstee analyses. Some species differences in Michaelis-Menten parameters for each metabolite were observed, and the ranking orders were varied among the metabolites. 5. The binding affinity of chlorotriazines (SIZ, @entity10664 and PRZ) and their metabolites (M1-4) for recombinant @entity1 @entity2931 receptor-alpha was assayed using the fluorescence polarization method. The binding affinity of M2 was significantly higher than those of parent compounds and other metabolites, although the oestrogenic activity was remarkably low compared with that of @entity53 (E2). 6. These results suggest that the pattern of metabolism of SIZ, @entity10664 and PRZ by the P450 system differs extensively among @entity35 , @entity19 and @entity840 , and that M2 may be an activated metabolite of chlorotriazines.

title: In vitro metabolism of XXXX , @entity12472 and @entity31841 by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes of @entity35 , @entity19 and @entity840 , and oestrogenic activity of chlorotriazines and their main metabolites.

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity31841 :: ('MESH:C100043', 'Chemical') :: ['propazine']

answer: @entity14458 :: (MESH:D012839,Chemical) :: ['simazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess mortality, complications and major morbidity during the first 30 days after @entity2 surgery and to estimate the significance of presurgical risk factors. METHODS: The study was based on all @entity1 referred for surgery for primary @entity2 from 1 January 1987 to 1 September 1999. There were in total 616 @entity1 with primary @entity2 . Three-hundred and ninety-four were @entity1 and 222 @entity1 . Postoperative events studied were divided into major and minor complications or @entity204 during the first 30 days after surgery. The significance of risk factors for an adverse outcome (defined as @entity204 or major complication in the first 30 days postoperatively) was assessed by uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: During the study period an increasing number of @entity1 and of @entity1 older than 70 years underwent surgery. Overall 30-day mortality was 2.9, 0.6% after single lobectomy and 5.7% after pneumonectomy. Major complications occurred in 54 @entity1 (8.8%). Fifty-eight @entity1 (9.5%) had an adverse outcome during the first 30 days. Male gender, smoker, FEV(1)< or =70% of expected value, @entity957 and pneumonectomy were risk factors predicting adverse outcome in the univariate model. Pneumonectomy and FEV(1)< or =70%, were the only independently significant factors for adverse outcome. Only pneumonectomy was independently associated with an increased risk for @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Our results show low mortality and morbidity after @entity2 surgery. However, @entity1 with reduced lung capacity and those undergoing pneumonectomy should be treated with great care, as they run a considerable risk of major complications or @entity204 during the first 30 days postoperatively. Older age (>70 years) does not appear to be a contraindication to @entity2 surgery, but @entity1 in this group should undergo careful preoperative evaluation.

title: Outcome after XXXX surgery. Factors predicting early mortality and major morbidity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death', 'death']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expanded @entity736 (EPTFE) (Gore-Tex soft-tissue patch) has received favorable clinical reports for use in @entity2652 procedures. We evaluated the EPTFE soft-tissue patch in short-term (3-week), intermediate-term (6-month), and long-term (12-month) animal models. METHODS: Nine pathogen-free male and female New Zealand white @entity95 weighing 2 to 4 kg were used. After implantation of the EPTFE soft-tissue patch, the animals were carefully observed on a daily basis for signs of @entity2737 , or @entity1410 formation. The stability of the implant was evaluated and graded after the animals were killed. Tissue specimens, including skin, implant, and underlying bone, were removed en bloc. These blocks were sectioned and stained for histologic evaluation. A portion of these blocks were used for scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The material increased in stability over time and showed minimal inflammatory cell response and only a delicate fibrous capsule, even in long-term implants. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated close apposition of the material to tissue, suggesting good interface bioactivity. CONCLUSIONS: The EPTFE soft-tissue patch appears to be safe and reliable material for augmentation, demonstrating high biocompatibility, low tissue reactivity, and increasing stability over time.

title: Expanded XXXX (Gore-Tex soft-tissue patch) in @entity2652 .

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial augmentation']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection, seroma']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To audit the implementation of a local protocol for the management of @entity4977 in Grampian. INTERVENTION: A local protocol for the detection and management of @entity4977 , developed by a multi-disciplinary group and based on available national guidelines and systematic reviews, was disseminated and implemented using the audit cycle. DESIGN: An uncontrolled before and after study using four surveys of different aspects of lipid management in primary and secondary care. RESULTS: There was evidence of change in clinical practice following protocol implementation. Improvements in @entity1 care were identified. However, some areas of inappropriate practice remained unaltered. Changes in dietary therapy indicated an improvement in the appreciation of the importance of appropriate dietary advice. There was an increase in the proportion of @entity1 who were appropriately screened and managed, and appropriately referred to the lipid clinic. The health status of @entity1 being screened/treated following guidelines was poorer suggesting a reduction in screening of low risk @entity1 and an increase in lipid assessment of @entity1 with other health problems or risk factors i.e. more appropriate screening. However, after the protocol was disseminated, general practitioners screened less often for secondary causes of hyperlipidaemia.

title: Can audit of a local protocol for the management of XXXX effect and detect a change in clinical practice?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid disorders']

answer: @entity4977 :: (MESH:D052439,Disease) :: ['lipid disorders']


abstract: @entity11141 10(-3) M is able to limit the number of plaques induced by RNA viruses on monkey kidney cell cultures ( @entity3176 and Macaccus rhesus). However, the inhibition rate changes with the virus type or even the strain used. @entity9925 2, Coxsackie B3, echovirus and @entity5765 were the most susceptible to the inhibitory effect of the drug. @entity281 caused by SV5 decreases the antiviral activity of @entity2697 . The stages of the @entity9925 type 2 growth affected by @entity11141 , were studied. The drug has no direct activity on the infectivity of the virus. It decreases adsorption and penetration. In spite of heavy virus concentration (10(-5,5) to 10(-7)) ID/ml) the eclipse phase is delayed about 3 hours. After 6 hours, viral maturation proceeds and reaches the same level as the controls, and virus quantities recovered are equivalent after 12 hours. Viral infectious RNA fails to induce plaques on @entity2697 treated cultures. The drug seems to act during the eclipse phase.

title: [Effect of XXXX on the "in vitro" development of RNA viruses (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity9925 :: ('138950', 'Species') :: ['Poliovirus', 'poliovirus']

entities_list: @entity11141 :: ('MESH:D012980', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium salicylate', 'sodium salicylate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Latent infection']

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['Cercopithecus aethiops']

answer: @entity11141 :: (MESH:D012980,Chemical) :: ['sodium salicylate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity694 ( @entity694 ) has some particularities from point of view of epidemiology, clinical aspects, therapy and prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the @entity1 operated in the First Surgical Unit Ia  i during 2004 until 2009, for @entity694 . The @entity1 ' data from the medical files were digitally encoded and included into a MS Access database, and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: 219 cases were included into the analysis, which represents 24.17% from all the @entity1 with @entity14 . The median age was 66 years old. A palpable mass into the right abdominal quadrant was founded in 41.5% and @entity417 in 65.3%. Abdominal ultrasound exam has been performed in all the @entity1 , with 71.3% sensitivity for primary @entity5 positive diagnosis. Resectability was 89.5% but without multivisceral resections. The intraoperative complication rate was 6.8%; postoperative morbidity was 19.4% with an incidence of @entity834 .38%. The postoperative mortality rate was 2.77%. The mean overall survival was 40.13 +/- 1.93 months (median: 49.26). The prognosis factors for the survival rate were: histologic type of the @entity5 , stage and @entity5 grading, vascular and perineural invasion. The presence of @entity3 in more than 3 lymphnodes as well as resection of fewer than 11 lymphnodes were found as negative prognosis factors for the survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: @entity694 has an increasing incidence and it is associated especially with elderly @entity1 . The @entity694 resectability is about 90% with acceptable rates of morbidity and mortality. @entity1350 as well as rate of positive lymphnodes and count of resected lymphnodes are prognosis factor for overall survival rate.

title: [Right XXXX --clinicopathological findings].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak of 1']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['Perineural and vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['right colon cancer', 'RCC']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: @entity398 (OT) and vasopressin (VP) release from the neurohypophysis are correlated with the electrical activity of magnocellular cells (MNCs) in the supraoptic ( @entity4525 ) and paraventricular nuclei. Synaptic inputs to MNCs influence their electrical activity and, hence, hormone release. During lactation OT neurons display a synchronized high-frequency bursting activity preceding each milk ejection. In parallel to the adoption of this pattern of electrical activity, an ultrastructural reorganization of the @entity4525 has been observed during lactation. In the present study we performed a light microscopic, morphometric analysis of identified OT and VP neurons in the @entity4525 to determine whether the dendrites of these neurons participate in the plasticity observed during lactation. The dendritic trees of OT neurons shrunk during lactation ( approximately 41% decrease in the total @entity2343 ) because of a decreased dendritic branching concentrated at a distance of 100-200 microm from the soma. No changes in the maximal distal extension were observed. The distribution pattern of @entity2343 into branch orders also was affected. Strikingly, opposite effects were observed in VP neurons. The dendritic trees during lactation elongated ( approximately 48% increase in the total @entity2343 ) because of an increased branching close to the soma. No changes in the maximal distal extension were observed. These results indicate that the length and geometry of the dendritic trees of OT and VP neurons are altered in opposite ways during lactation. These changes would influence the availability of postsynaptic space and alter the electrotonic properties of the neurons, affecting the efficacy of synaptic inputs.

title: Reorganization of the dendritic trees of XXXX and vasopressin neurons of the rat supraoptic nucleus during lactation.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic length']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: The newly formed corpus luteum (CL) rapidly develops after ovulation and has the features of active vascularisation and mitosis of steroidogenic cells. These stage-specific mechanisms also may contribute to gain the function of @entity3774 (PGF2 alpha)-resistant CL at this stage. Recent studies suggest that the vasoactive peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) regulates luteal function. Thus, this study aimed to investigate (i) the expression of @entity39671 ( @entity39671 ) mRNA by RT-PCR and the @entity39671 protein expression by immunohistochemistry, (ii) the effects of angiogenic growth factors, @entity12270 ( @entity12270 ) and @entity25805 ( @entity25805 ), on the secretion of Ang II, PGF2 alpha, @entity1420 and @entity398 (OT), and (iii) the effects of luteal vasoactive peptides (Ang II and @entity40612 ( @entity40612 )) or OT on the secretion of PGF2 alpha, @entity1420 and OT from @entity291 early CL (days 3--4 of the oestrous cycle), and evaluate a possible interaction of these substances with PGF2 alpha. The expression of mRNA for @entity39671 was found in theca interna of mature follicle, early CL and endothelial cells from developing CL as well as @entity8 , but granulosa cells of mature follicle were negative. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that blood capillaries (endothelial cells) were stained for @entity39671 , but luteal cells were negative in early CL. To examine the effects of substances on the secretory function of the CL, an in vitro microdialysis system was used as a model. The infusion of @entity12270 and @entity25805 stimulated Ang II and PGF2 alpha secretion as well as @entity1420 , but not OT secretion in early CL. The infusion of Ang II after PGF2 alpha infusion continued the stimulatory effect on @entity1420 and OT release within early CL until 3 h thereafter. However, the infusion of @entity40612 alone had no effect on @entity1420 or OT release. The infusion of luteal peptides such as Ang II and OT stimulated PGF2 alpha secretion, whereas the infusion of @entity40612 did not. In conclusion, the overall results of this study indicate that a functional angiotensin system exists on the endothelial cells of early CL, and that angiogenic factors @entity12270 and @entity25805 upregulate luteal Ang II and PGF2 alpha secretion, which fundamentally supports the mechanism of @entity1420 secretion in @entity291 early CL. This idea supports the concept that the local regulatory mechanism involved in active angiogenesis ensures the @entity1420 secretion in the developing CL in vivo.

title: Production and localisation of angiotensin II in the @entity291 early corpus luteum: a possible interaction with luteal angiogenic factors and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary and kidney']

entities_list: @entity12270 :: ('281161(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity39671 :: ('509484(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity25805 :: ('281572(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity3774 :: (MESH:D015237,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']


abstract: An increasing number of @entity1 say that they get cutaneous problems as well as symptoms from certain internal organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS) and the heart, when being close to electric equipment. A major group of these @entity1 are the users of video display terminals (VDTs), who claim to have subjective and objective skin- and mucosa-related symptoms, such as @entity158 , itch, heat sensation, @entity5105 , papules, and pustules. The CNS symptoms are, e.g. @entity1296 , tiredness, and @entity10 . Erythema, itch, heat sensation, @entity4 and @entity158 are also common symptoms of sunburn ( @entity1909 ). Alterations have been observed in cell populations of the skin of @entity1 suffering from so-called "screen @entity1909 " similar to those observed in the skin damaged due to ultraviolet (UV) light or ionizing radiation. In "screen @entity1909 " @entity1 a much higher number of mast cells have been observed. It is known that UVB irradiation induces mast cell degranulation and release of @entity310 . The high number of mast cells present in the "screen @entity1909 " @entity1 and the possible release of specific substances, such as @entity112 , may explain their clinical symptoms of itch, @entity158 , @entity4 and @entity5105 . The most remarkable change among cutaneous cells, after exposure with the above-mentioned irradiation sources, is the disappearance of the Langerhans' cells. This change has also been observed in "screen @entity1909 " @entity1 , again pointing to a common cellular and molecular basis. The results of this literature study demonstrate that highly similar changes exist in the skin of "screen @entity1909 " @entity1 , as regards the clinical manifestations as well as alterations in the cell populations, and in skin damaged by UV light or ionizing radiation.

title: Skin changes in "screen XXXX " versus classical UV- and ionizing irradiation-related damage--similarities and differences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['UV dermatitis', 'dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['dermatitis']


abstract: We previously reported early favourable results concerning allograft use in proximal humerus reconstruction following malignancy. We now present the long-term follow-up of @entity1 who underwent @entity5 resection with massive humeral allograft reconstruction. This is a retrospective review of 8 consecutive @entity1 who underwent massive proximal humeral allograft for primary @entity5 . The median age at first surgery was 41 years; the median followup is 11.1 years. The overall revision rate of the allografts was 75%. A total of 10 revision procedures were required in this cohort. Five-year survival for implants was 44%; at ten years no implants were intact. Five-year survival for @entity1 was 88%; it was 60% at ten years. In our experience, proximal humerus allograft reconstruction was associated with a high complication rate and resulted in multiple revision procedures in the long-term. We no longer perform or recommend this procedure.

title: Long-term survival of proximal humerus allografts for reconstruction following resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['or secondary bone tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant bone tumours']


abstract: @entity694 is a disease caused by the gram-negative bacteria @entity2128 aalborgi and @entity2128 . @entity2128 induces disease in both @entity1 and animals, whereas B. aalborgi affects only @entity1 and higher primates. Symptoms in @entity1 include @entity294 , @entity548 , and abdominal cramps. @entity694 is common in third world countries; however, in developed countries, the disease is observed mainly in homosexual males. Terminally ill @entity1 infected with @entity2128 are particularly at risk for developing spirochetemia. @entity294 , poor growth performance, and decreased feed-to-gain efficiency is seen in @entity1707 with @entity694 . The disease in @entity1573 is characterized by delayed and/or reduced egg production, @entity294 , poor feed conversion, and @entity851 . Thus, @entity694 can represent a serious economic loss in the @entity1707 and poultry industries. The organisms are transmitted by the @entity1697 , and several studies have demonstrated that @entity1 , primate, @entity1707 , @entity235 , or bird strains of @entity2128 can be transmitted to @entity1707 , @entity1573 , and @entity19 . @entity2128 may be a zoonotic pathogen, and although it has not been demonstrated, there is a possibility that both @entity2128 and B. aalborgi can be transferred to @entity1 via contact with the feces of infected animals, meat from infected animals, or food contaminated by food handlers. Neither @entity2128 nor B. aalborgi has been well characterized in terms of basic cellular functions, pathogenicity, or genetics. Studies are needed to more thoroughly understand these @entity2128 species and their disease mechanisms.

title: XXXX in animals and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['retarded growth']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['fecal-oral route']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2128 :: ('52584', 'Species') :: ['Brachyspira pilosicoli', 'B. pilosicoli', 'Brachyspira']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic spirochetosis', 'colonic spirochetosis']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colonic spirochetosis']


abstract: The @entity3969 ( @entity8587 ) gene mutations were detected in @entity1 with most forms of @entity3052 . However, the biological significance and the prognostic impact of @entity8587 mutation in Egyptian @entity1 with @entity3052 with normal karyotype (AML-NK) are still uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and clinical relevance of @entity8587 gene mutations in @entity3052 with normal karyotype (AML-NK). Exons 7 and 9 of @entity8587 were screened in samples from 216 adult NK-AML using polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism techniques. Twenty-three @entity1 (10.6%) harbored @entity8587 mutations. Younger ages and higher marrow blasts were significantly associated with @entity8587 mutations (P  =  0.006 and 0.003 respectively). Complete remission rates were significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity8587 mutations than those with @entity8587 wild-type (P  =  0.015). Resistance, relapse, and mortality rates were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity8587 mutations than those without (P  =  0.041, 0.016, and 0.008 respectively). @entity8587 mutations were inversely associated with @entity8102 mutations (P  =  0.007). @entity1 with @entity8587 mutations had worse disease-free survival (P  <  0.001) and overall survival (P  <  0.001) than @entity1 with @entity8587 wild-type. In multivariable analyses, @entity8587 mutations independently predicted worse DFS (P  <  0.001; hazard ratio [HR] 0.036) and overall survival (P  =  0.001; HR  =  0.376) when controlling for age, total leukocytic count (TLC), and @entity8102 mutational status. In conclusion, @entity8587 mutations are a negative prognostic indicator in intensively treated @entity1 with AML-NK, may be a part of molecularly based risk assessment and risk-adapted treatment stratification of @entity1 with AML-NK.

title: Prognostic impact of @entity3969 gene mutations in Egyptian @entity1 with XXXX with normal karyotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: The effects of some beta-adrenergic agonists were studied in the parotid gland of the @entity35 by electrophysiological techniques. In the unoperated gland, @entity3044 caused depolarizations which were slowly developing, long-lasting and of low amplitude. The same response was seen when @entity1063 was combined with alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. A greater number of cells responded to this combination than to @entity3044 . After either parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation 1-3 weeks in advance, to induce supersensitivity, the number of cells responding to beta-adrenoceptor stimulating drugs was significantly increased. In the latter case the threshold dose required to evoke a response was also significantly lowered. @entity3897 did not have any effect on the @entity3044 -evoked response. The combined parasympathetic and sympathetic denervation did not further increase the responsiveness. It is concluded that beta-adrenoceptor stimulation in the parotid gland of the @entity35 may cause membrane depolarizations. The response is mediated by beta 1-adrenoceptors. The responsiveness is increased in the denervated gland. Secretory studies have demonstrated a supersensitivity to beta-adrenergic agonists as a result of denervation. On the other hand, beta-adrenoceptor stimulation is believed mainly to activate the adenylate cyclase/ @entity1919 system independent of membrane potential changes. It is thus not known if the present 'supersensitivity' is correlated to the increased secretory response earlier demonstrated in this gland.

title: Effects of beta-adrenergic agonists in the parotid gland of the XXXX --an electrophysiological study.

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Clinical data on the first 100 @entity1 who underwent @entity4341 - @entity4214 stress testing in our hospital were reviewed in order to re-evaluate safety guidelines and diagnostic utility in @entity1 with @entity453 . Forty @entity1 developed symptoms, including three major ones. One @entity1 had significant @entity5143 , and two others developed significant @entity551 with near @entity1163 . The rest had nonspecific chest, shoulder, arm or @entity158 , @entity1353 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity809 . Most symptoms occurred within the first 10 minutes of @entity4341 infusion. Twenty-eight @entity1 required treatment with intravenous (IV) @entity3416 . Of the remaining 60 @entity1 , 30 became @entity551 but remained asymptomatic. Fourteen of 20 @entity1 who underwent coronary angiography had @entity301 . Thirteen were correctly identified by @entity4214 imaging, and only one was identified by electrocardiogram (EKG). Six @entity1 ' angiographies showed no evidence of @entity301 . Five of these @entity1 developed perfusion abnormalities during @entity4214 scintigraphy. These results suggest that @entity4341 is a relatively safe drug for pharmacologic stress testing even though the incidence of side effects is relatively high. The high incidence of @entity4214 perfusion abnormalities in @entity1 without @entity301 probably reflects bias in @entity1 selection for coronary angiography, resulting in a relatively small sample of catheterized @entity1 . However, this requires further investigation.

title: @entity4341 - XXXX stress testing: a local community hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['throat pain']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

answer: @entity4214 :: (MESH:D013793,Chemical) :: ['thallium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity4562 as second-line or even third-line treatment for previously treated @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: 156 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 which were about to undergo progression after previous chemotherapy were eligible for this study. The regimen was oral intake of @entity4562 250 mg once daily in the morning or afternoon until the disease progression or @entity137 has become intolerable. The drug was provided by AstroZeneca Company by its Expanded Access Program. RESULTS: 154 such @entity1 were evaluable for response and @entity137 assessment. The overall rate of objective response and disease control was 28.6% (44/154) and 89.6% (138/154). The median duration of response was 7. 5 months. The median @entity74 ( @entity74 ) was 5. 1 months and the median overall survival time (OS) 10.0 months. The actuarial 1-year survival was 41. 0%. The response rate in @entity420 was significantly higher than that in @entity957 (P = 0. 026). The risk of disease progression in @entity1 with @entity957 was 1. 7 times as much as that of @entity420 @entity1 ( P = 0. 011) , and the risk of @entity204 in male was 2. 0 times as much as that in female ( P = 0. 002). At least one of these adverse events would be observed in 40.9% (63/154) of these @entity1 , which, however was mild and reversible. Conclusion @entity4562 is effective and safe as a second-line or third-line treatment for previously treated @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 .

title: [Safety and efficacy of XXXX for treatment of advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib', 'Gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to disease progression']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of non-invasive testing for @entity1534 with that of endoscopy (plus @entity1534 testing) in the management of @entity1 referred for endoscopic investigation of @entity344 . DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial with follow up at 12 months. SETTING: Hospital gastroenterology unit. @entity1 : 708 @entity1 aged under 55 referred for endoscopic investigation of @entity2210 , randomised to non-invasive breath test for @entity1534 or endoscopy plus @entity1534 testing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity2210 severity score at one year. Use of medical resources, @entity1 oriented outcomes, and safety were also assessed. RESULTS: In 586 @entity1 followed up at 12 months the mean change in @entity2210 score was 4.8 in the non-invasive @entity1534 test group and 4.6 in the endoscopy group (95% confidence interval for difference -0.7 to 0.5, P=0.69). Only 8.2% of @entity1 followed up who were randomised to breath test alone were referred for subsequent endoscopy. The use of non-endoscopic resources was similar in the two groups. Reassurance value, concern about missed pathology, overall @entity1 satisfaction, and quality of life were similar in the two groups. The @entity1 found the non-invasive breath test procedure less uncomfortable and distressing than endoscopy with or without sedation. No potentially serious pathology requiring treatment other than eradication of @entity1534 was missed. CONCLUSION: In this @entity1 group, non-invasive testing for @entity1534 is as effective and safe as endoscopy and less uncomfortable and distressing for the @entity1 . Non-invasive @entity1534 testing should be the preferred mode of investigation.

title: Randomised trial of endoscopy with testing for @entity1534 compared with non-invasive @entity1534 testing alone in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia', 'Glasgow dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['dyspepsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: SIRT (selective internal radiation therapy) is a new modality for the treatment of nonresectable @entity96 which has been reported to achieve high response rates. We report our initial experience in @entity1 with extensive @entity14 . METHODOLOGY: Thirty-eight (38) @entity1 were treated with SIRT between February 1997 and November 1998. Liver involvement was < 25% in 19 @entity1 , 25-50% in 9 and > 50% in 10. @entity1 received 90Yttrium microspheres into the hepatic artery via an arterial port and subsequent 4-weekly cycles of hepatic artery chemotherapy with @entity1487 . RESULTS: SIRT was well tolerated and no treatment-related mortality was observed. Responses to SIRT as indicated by falling @entity5 markers and serial 3-monthly computed tomography scans were seen in over 90% of @entity1 . Estimated survival at 6, 12 and 18 months was 70%, 46% and 46%, respectively, and was principally determined by the development of extrahepatic @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: SIRT is well tolerated in @entity1 with extensive @entity14 and achieves encouraging @entity96 responses, which are well maintained by hepatic artery chemotherapy. The modality warrants wider use and investigation.

title: Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with 90Yttrium microspheres for extensive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: The @entity1957 Questionnaire (DCDQ) is a parent-completed measure designed to identify subtle motor problems in @entity1 of 8 to 14.6 years of age. The purpose of this study was to extend the lower age range to @entity1 aged 5 to 7 years, revise items to ensure clarity, develop new scoring, and evaluate validity of the revised questionnaire. Additional items with improved wording were generated by an expert panel. Analyses of internal consistency, factor loading, and qualitative/quantitative feedback from researchers, clinicians, and parents were used to select 15 items with the strongest psychometric properties. Internal consistency was high (alpha = .94). The expanded questionnaire was completed by the parents of 287 @entity1 , aged 5-15 years, who were typically developing. Logistic regression modeling was used to generate separate cutoff scores for three age groups (overall sensitivity = 85%, specificity = 71%). The revised DCDQ was then compared to other standardized measures in a sample of 232 @entity1 referred for therapy services. Differences in scores between @entity1 with and without DCD (p < .001) provide evidence of construct validity. Correlations between DCDQ scores and Movement Assessment Battery for @entity1 (r = .55) and Test of Visual-Motor Integration (r = .42) scores support concurrent validity. The results provide evidence that the revised DCDQ is a valid clinical screening tool for DCD.

title: Psychometric properties of the revised XXXX Questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental Coordination Disorder']

answer: @entity1957 :: (MESH:D019957,Disease) :: ['Developmental Coordination Disorder']


abstract: The neurons and glial cells of the enteric nervous system (ENS) are derived from the neural crest. To study the developmental events involved in @entity154 of the ENS, it is essential to identify all neural-crest cells (NCC) in the prenatal gut. The low-affinity neurotrophin receptor @entity20384 is currently considered to be a gold-standard marker, but because it is a membrane protein, it is lost during procedures that permeabilise cells that are necessary to identify intracellular components and in apoptosis and cell-proliferation assays. We have therefore assessed the potential of the intracellular neuronal marker protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 as a label for neural-crest-derived precursor cells during gut development. Gut was taken from @entity19 embryos at 11.5 days post-coitum, at which time NCC had reached the proximal colon. Cellular @entity20384 and @entity10500 expression was determined by double-labelling immunofluorescence. The leading edge of @entity6648 was defined as the 10 most distal @entity20384 -labelled cells. The neuronal marker @entity10500 labelled NCC as they migrated along the gut at day 11.5. At the leading edge of migration, over 95% of @entity20384 -positive cells also expressed @entity10500 , and all @entity10500 -positive cells were also labelled for @entity20384 . @entity10500 is expressed by at least 95% of neural-crest-derived precursor cells at the leading edge of migration along the gut. Thus, it can be used as a robust marker for developing NCC in the gut.

title: Assessment of XXXX as a marker of neural crest-derived precursor cells in the developing enteric nervous system.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6648 :: ('MESH:C536408', 'Disease') :: ['neural-crest migration']

answer: @entity10500 :: (22223(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['protein gene product 9.5']


abstract: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) are increasingly recognized as a public health problem. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the prevalence for @entity2438 is now 1 in 88. The prevalence of @entity72 in @entity1 has increased over the @entity16247 decades, nearly doubling the prevalence since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began tracking these numbers. @entity1 are defined as premature when birth takes place before 37 weeks' gestation (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period). More than 4 million live births occur in the United States each year. Preterm births account for approximately half a million of those births. The rate of premature birth has increased by more than 20% between 1990 and 2006. @entity73 and atypical brain development are thought to be sequelae of @entity3152 . Low birth weight and preterm birth place these @entity1 at higher risk for disturbances in social interaction, communication, and other @entity74 in adulthood. Major advances in the field of early @entity2438 detection include validated screening tools to facilitate early screening for @entity1 with @entity2438 as well as those considered to be at high risk for the disorder. Given the significant maternal and neonatal morbidities that are often coupled with @entity3465 , understanding the prevalence and risk factors that are implicated in changes in the fetal brain may provide researchers with vital links to @entity2438 in this population.

title: XXXX and @entity3465 : a review across gestational age subgroups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASDs', 'Autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychoaffective disorders']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['Autism spectrum disorders']


abstract: Repeated administration of @entity7008 (TA), either intraperitoneally or in drinking water, produced @entity1575 in normal @entity35 (SDR) with significant histological alterations similar to those observed in @entity1 @entity82 . In the present study, we evaluated the ability of TA to induce @entity1575 in mutant Nagase analbuminaemic SDR. @entity7008 was administered either intraperitoneally up to 4 months or in drinking water up to 6 months to normal and to Nagase analbuminaemic SDR. Nagase analbuminaemic @entity35 (NAR) were also administered TA in drinking water up to 10 months. @entity1575 development was determined by macroscopic and microscopic analysis. In contrast to normal SDR, no histological characteristics of @entity82 could be observed in NAR submitted to a 4 or 6 months treatment with TA. Such failure to induce @entity82 in Nagase @entity35 was confirmed even after prolonged TA administration in drinking water for up to 10 months. In contrast, @entity82 and @entity9236 occurred in the 10-month TA-treated analbuminaemic @entity35 , suggesting that the mechanisms involved in @entity82 induction are different from those involved in @entity82 development and @entity105 . It is unlikely that the protective effect against TA-induced @entity82 observed in analbuminaemic @entity35 is related to the absence of albumin in this @entity35 , since a co-administration of TA with albumin in analbuminaemic @entity35 did not restore the potential for TA to induce @entity82 in this @entity35 . In conclusion, the fact that induction of @entity82 by TA is prevented in the inherently hyperlipidaemic and hypercholesterolaemic analbuminaemic @entity35 could be considered for potential application in the treatment of clinical @entity82 .

title: Failure of @entity1575 induction by XXXX in Nagase analbuminaemic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide', 'Thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat strain', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity9236 :: ('MESH:C565054', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiolar proliferation']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis', 'Liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity7008 :: (MESH:D013853,Chemical) :: ['thioacetamide']


abstract: This double-blind study compared initial combination therapy against monotherapy using two antidepressant drugs with complementary mechanisms of action on the @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and @entity1063 (NE) systems. Sixty one adult @entity1 with a DSM-IV diagnosis of @entity308 were randomized to receive @entity13332 (30 mg/day), @entity903 (20 mg/day), or the combination of both drugs for 6 weeks. Response at week 4 was defined as a 30% reduction in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and at week 6 as a 50% reduction in the MADRS. Remission was defined as a reduction in the MADRS score to 10 points or less. After 4 weeks, non-responders in the monotherapy groups had their medication dose increased by 50%. After 6 weeks, non-responders on monotherapy had the second trial drug added to their current regimen. Non-responders on combination therapy had the dosage of both drugs increased by 50%. There was a significantly greater decrease in MADRS scores in the combination group compared to the monotherapy groups at days 28, 35 and 42, with a 10 point difference separating the combination from the monotherapies at day 42. Remission rates at week 6 were 19% on @entity13332 , 26% on @entity903 , and 43% on the combination. Fifteen @entity1 in the @entity13332 arm and 10 in the @entity903 arm who did not respond had the other drug added to their current regimen, and 5 on the combination had an increase in dose of both drugs secondary to non-response. Of these 30 @entity1 , approximately 50% went on to achieve remission in the subsequent 2 weeks. These results indicate that the combined use of two antidepressants was well tolerated and produced a greater improvement than monotherapy.

title: XXXX and @entity903 in major @entity308 : a comparison of monotherapy versus their combination from treatment initiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity13332 :: (MESH:C035133,Chemical) :: ['Mirtazapine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intradialytic @entity101 , a phenomenon where blood pressure increases during hemodialysis, is associated with increased mortality in hemodialysis @entity1 . The proportion of @entity1 in which intradialytic @entity101 persists over time is unknown. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, we studied all @entity1 from our outpatient hemodialysis units that received =1 month of treatments during the period from January to August 2010. We reviewed all pre- and post-hemodialysis blood pressure and weight measurements from 22,955 treatments during this study period. We defined intradialytic @entity101 as an increase in systolic blood pressure =10 mmHg from pre- to post-hemodialysis. Individual @entity1 were defined as having persistent intradialytic @entity101 if the change in blood pressure from pre- to post-hemodialysis, when averaged throughout the study period, was =+10 mmHg. We calculated weight changes between and during hemodialysis and defined ultrafiltration rate per treatment as ultrafiltration volume divided by minutes on hemodialysis. We compared @entity1 with and without persistent intradialytic @entity101 using chi-square analysis and mixed linear models. RESULTS: The prevalence of intradialytic @entity101 was 21.3 per 100 treatments. The median percentage of intradialytic @entity101 treatments per @entity1 was 17.8% (9-31.3%, interquartile range). The prevalence of persistent intradialytic @entity101 was 8 per 100 @entity1 . @entity1 with persistent intradialytic @entity101 had lower ultrafiltration rate compared to other @entity1 (10.4 vs. 12.2 ml/min, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Intradialytic @entity101 is a persistent phenomenon in a subset of hemodialysis @entity1 . Ultrafiltration rate was the only volume-related variable that differed between @entity1 with and without persistent intradialytic @entity101 .

title: The prevalence of persistent intradialytic XXXX in a hemodialysis population with extended follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3009 (PG) E2 has an influence on antitumor lymphocyte reactions and causes local immunosuppression at @entity5 sites. The contribution of cyclooxygenase (COX), a key enzyme in @entity1421 synthesis, to this effect is still unclear. We examined if @entity2247 is involved in local immunosuppression in @entity1 @entity694 cell lines and in clinical @entity5 specimens. METHODS: @entity1421 concentrations were measured in culture media from a highly @entity2247 -expressing @entity1 @entity694 cell line ( @entity19 ) and other cell lines. Lymphocyte proliferation in response to a mitogen was used to evaluate immunosuppression in @entity5 cell-lymphocyte cocultures with and without selective @entity2247 inhibitor @entity8228 . We also evaluated expression of @entity2247 mRNA in surgical specimens of @entity14 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and @entity2247 protein by immunohistochemistry, correlating @entity2247 expression with clinicopathologic features. RESULTS: @entity19 cells produced large amounts of @entity1421 , which was significantly inhibited by @entity8228 . The proliferation index of lymphocytes cocultured with @entity19 cells was significantly less than that of control lymphocytes; again, this effect was inhibited by @entity8228 . While @entity1 @entity14 tissue expressed more @entity2247 mRNA and protein than nonneoplastic tissue, no significant correlation was found between @entity2247 levels and clinicopathologic features. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of @entity2247 in @entity694 may cause local immunosuppression, and @entity2247 inhibitors might be therapeutically useful against these @entity5 .

title: Association of enhanced cyclooxygenase-2 expression with possible local immunosuppression in XXXX @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Programmed cell death is a prominent feature of normal animal development. During neurogenesis, naturally occurring cell death is a mechanism to eliminate neurons that fail to make appropriate connections. To prevent accidental cell death, mechanisms that trigger programmed cell death, as well as the genetic components of the cell death program, are tightly controlled. In a large-scale mutagenesis screen for embryonic lethal mutations in @entity3392 @entity3392 we have found 481 mutations with a @entity528 phenotype. Here, we present 50 mutations that fall into two classes (termed spacehead and fala-like) that are characterized by two main features: first, they appear to affect cell survival primarily within the neuroectodermal lineages during somitogenesis, and second, they show an altered brain morphology at or before 28 hours of development. Evidence for the specificity of cell death within the central nervous system comes from visual inspection of dying cells and analysis of DNA fragmentation, a process associated with apoptotic cell death. In mutants, the level of dying cells is significantly increased in brain and spinal cord. Furthermore, at the end of somitogenesis, the cell count of radial glia and trigeminal neurons is reduced in some mutants of the spacehead class. A variety of @entity179 in @entity19 and @entity1 have been associated with abnormal levels of programmed cell death within the central nervous system. The mutations presented here might provide a genetic framework to aid in the understanding of the etiology of @entity179 within the CNS and the activation of inappropriate programmed cell death.

title: Mutations affecting neural survival in the XXXX @entity3392 .

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Danio rerio', 'zebrafish']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders', 'degenerative and physiological disorders']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neural degeneration']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']