abstract: Recently, many studies have investigated the association of allelic variants of @entity19278 gene ( @entity6362 ) with insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and the risk of @entity4854 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). Although it is clear that @entity6362 mutations cause @entity6 , the genetic basis of the association of common @entity6362 variants with @entity2175 is still unclear. To date, many case-control studies have been carried out to investigate the role of the @entity6362 gene polymorphism in the development of @entity2175 . However, these studies are controversial and individual studies may have insufficient power to reach a comprehensive and reliable conclusion. The aim of this study was to investigate association of @entity6362 genes polymorphisms ( @entity53738 and @entity24049 ) with @entity2175 by conducting a meta-analysis. Seven studies with 6705 @entity2175 cases and 11144 controls were enrolled in the meta-analysis of the association between @entity53738 polymorphism and @entity2175 , and 12 studies with 16304 @entity2175 cases and 22004 controls were enrolled in the meta-analysis of @entity24049 polymorphism. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using fixed and random-effects models. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the I   and Begg's test was used to evaluate publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was also performed. Our results suggested that the G allele of @entity53738 polymorphism [dominant: FEM OR 0.873, 95%CI (0.810 - 0.940), recessive: FEM OR 0.876, 95% CI (0.800 - 0.959)] and A allele of @entity24049 polymorphism [dominant:FEM OR 0.853, 95% CI (0.817 - 0.892), recessive:REM OR 0.833, 95% CI (0.756 - 0.917)] in @entity6362 gene had significant protective effects on risk of @entity2175 .

title: Association of @entity53738 and @entity24049 polymorphisms in XXXX gene with @entity6 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity19278 :: ('MESH:D014929', 'Disease') :: ['Wolfram syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6362 :: (7466,Gene) :: ['WFS1']


abstract: An animal model was used to see if maternal genetic factors contribute to @entity1068 -induced fetal @entity600 . Susceptible C57BL/6J (B6) and resistant Short-Sleep (SS) @entity19 were used in a reciprocal cross-breeding design. This design produced four fetal genotypes: true-bred B6B6 and SSSS liters and hybrid B6SS and SSB6 litters. Dams were intubated with either 5.8 g/kg of @entity1068 or an isocaloric amount of @entity7969 -dextrin on day 9 of pregnancy. Fetuses were removed on day 18 of pregnancy and assessed for soft tissue and gross @entity600 . Results show different prenatal treatment effects on @entity600 depending on the fetal genotype. Mean percentage of total @entity600 in @entity1068 -treated groups were 61% (B6B6), 28% (B6SS), 3% (SSB6), and 16% (SSSS), respectively. Litters exposed to @entity7969 -dextrin showed low (< or = 4%) @entity600 rates regardless of fetal genotype. The difference in teratogenic response between genetically identical hybrid litters (B6SS and SSB6) suggests a maternal genetic contribution to susceptibility. Of the two major types of @entity600 , forelimb but not @entity8 showed a pattern characteristic of a maternal genetic effect. It was concluded that maternal genetic effects can be distinguished from fetal genetic effects responsible for @entity1068 teratogenesis. Genetically based physiological responses to @entity167 in the mother may confer varying degrees of risk for prenatal @entity167 effects in the @entity1 .

title: Effects of acute prenatal @entity1068 administration in a reciprocal cross of C57BL/6J and short-sleep XXXX : maternal effects and nonmaternal factors.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney malformations']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity1521 -rich proteins (PRPs) in the salivary glands of @entity19 , @entity35 , and hamsters are encoded by tissue-specific inducible multigene families. @entity19 @entity21652 genes are located on chromosome 8, and transcription is dramatically induced (about 70-fold) by @entity3044 treatment. Clones containing two nonallelic @entity21652 genes ( @entity21652 ) were isolated from cosmid and phage libraries of CD-1 @entity19 genomic DNA. The cloned regions comprise a contiguous block of 77 kilobase pairs of the @entity19 genome. Restriction mapping established the physical lineage of @entity21652 genes @entity21652 and M14, and they are tandemly arrayed. The DNA sequence analysis presented in this report suggests that genes M14 and @entity21652 (Ann, D. K., and Carlson, D. M. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 15863-15872) arose via a gene duplication of a common ancestor. Two major differences between M14 and @entity21652 were observed. @entity21652 gene @entity21652 has 13 tandemly arrayed 42-nucleotide repeats in exon II, whereas M14 has 17 repeats, and @entity21652 gene M14 has an insertion by transposition of a 2-kilobase pair member of the long interspersed repeated DNA (LINE) family (LIMd) into intron I. The evolution of this @entity21652 multigene family has been dominated by intra-exonic amplification of repeating @entity377 units coding for these and other @entity1521 -rich repeated peptides and by gene duplication. The LIMd element gives rise to heterogenous EcoRI, BamHI, and HindIII restriction enzyme patterns, and this insertion is also present in BALB/c, C57BL/6J, and @entity7840 /2J @entity19 .

title: Molecular evolution of the XXXX @entity1521 -rich protein multigene family. Insertion of a long interspersed repeated DNA element.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline', 'Proline']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The widespread screening programs prompted a @entity263 stage at diagnosis, and active surveillance is an option for @entity1 who may harbor clinically insignificant @entity263 (IPC). Pathologists include the possibility of an IPC in their reports based on the Gleason score and @entity5 volume. This study determined the accuracy of pathological data in the identification of IPC in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 592 radical prostatectomy specimens examined in our laboratory from 2001 to 2010, 20 @entity1 harbored IPC and exhibited biopsy findings suggestive of IPC. These biopsy features served as the criteria to define @entity1 with potentially insignificant @entity5 in this population. The results of the prostate biopsies and surgical specimens of the 592 @entity1 were compared. RESULTS: The twenty @entity1 who had IPC in both biopsy and RP were considered real positive cases. All @entity1 were divided into groups based on their diagnoses following RP: true positives (n = 20), false positives (n = 149), true negatives (n = 421), false negatives (n = 2). The accuracy of the pathological data alone for the prediction of IPC was 91.4%, the sensitivity was 91% and the specificity was 74%. CONCLUSION: The identification of IPC using pathological data exclusively is accurate, and pathologists should suggest this in their reports to aid surgeons, urologists and radiotherapists to decide the best treatment for their @entity1 .

title: The accuracy of pathological data for the prediction of insignificant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction studies at moderate resolution have been grown from two forms of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ): HF-treated @entity1465 and @entity689 -treated @entity1465 . The enzymatically desialylated form of @entity1465 produced crystals that diffract to 2.8 A as compared to the HF-treated @entity1465 crystals that diffract to 3.0 A. Although it was assumed that the high and heterogeneous @entity1735 content of the glycoprotein hormones inhibited their crystallization, this report suggests that it is the negatively charged surface @entity3363 and neither the total @entity1735 content nor its heterogeneity which interferes with crystal formation. @entity576 resulted in significantly increased protein degradation during crystal growth. Such peptide bond cleavages were observed to a much lesser extent in the crystals grown from @entity689 -digested @entity1465 . Sequence analysis of the HF-treated @entity1465 crystals suggested that up to 45% of the molecules within the crystal had an acid-labile peptide bond cleaved. In contrast, the @entity689 -treated @entity1465 exhibited less than 9% of this type of cleavage. The increase in heterogeneity of the polypeptide chains within both crystals over that existent in the starting proteins was apparently due to changes occurring during crystal growth. The manner in which @entity1465 was treated prior to crystallization was found to be a very important factor in the extent of peptide bond cleavages occurring during crystal growth. HF treatment of glycoproteins may render glycoproteins more susceptible to peptide bond cleavages during crystal growth.

title: Crystallization and characterization of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin in chemically deglycosylated and enzymatically desialylated states.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity576 :: ('MESH:D064419', 'Disease') :: ['Chemical deglycosylation']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Alterations of mechanosensitive thresholds occur in a subset of @entity1 with functional @entity2210 and @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). However, symptoms associated with these two conditions frequently overlap. It is not known how often subjects with and without symptom overlap have abnormal intestinal sensory thresholds. Our objective was to assess the pattern of symptoms and small intestinal sensory thresholds in @entity1 with functional disorders. METHODS: We studied 157 consecutive @entity1 who had undergone extensive diagnostic work-up to exclude @entity347 . Abdominal symptoms were assessed with a validated instrument, and @entity1 were categorized as having functional @entity2210 , @entity1744 , or both. With a barostat device, we tested small intestinal mechanosensitive function in 22 randomly selected @entity1 from this population (with functional @entity2210 , @entity1744 , or both) and 22 healthy controls. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 (43%) reported simultaneous symptoms of functional @entity2210 and @entity1744 , whereas symptoms of functional @entity2210 or of @entity1744 alone occurred in 68 (43%) and 22 (14%) @entity1 , respectively. Thresholds for first perception and maximum tolerated pressure (mm Hg +/-SD) were significantly lower in @entity1 (21.0 +/- 2.0 and 31.0 +/- 1.0) than in controls (32.0 +/- 1.8 and 39.0 +/- 0.9, p < 0.001). However, thresholds for first perception and maximum tolerated pressure did not differ (p > 0.6) in @entity1 with functional @entity2210 alone (20.1 +/- 3.2 and 28.9 +/- 2.5, n = 9), functional @entity2210 and concomitant @entity1744 (19.9 +/- 2.7 and 30.7 +/- 2.2, n = 8), or @entity1744 alone (23.5 +/- 2.3 and 33.3 +/- 3.0, n = 5). CONCLUSIONS: Small intestinal mechanosensitive pathways are disturbed in @entity1 with functional @entity2210 and @entity1744 . Differences in the pattern and localization of symptoms probably do not reflect differences in small intestinal sensory thresholds. Functional @entity2210 and @entity1744 cannot be distinguished on the basis of altered small intestinal sensory thresholds.

title: Functional @entity2210 and XXXX : is there a common pathophysiological basis?

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic disease']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Moderate-intensity exercise improves blood @entity413 (BG), but most @entity1 fail to achieve the required exercise volume. @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) protocols vary. Maximal cycle ergometer sprint interval training typically requires only 2.5 minutes of @entity2101 and a total training time commitment (including rest and warm up) of 25 minutes per session. The effect of brief high-intensity exercise on blood @entity413 levels of @entity1 with and without @entity6 is reviewed. METHODS: @entity2101 (>= 80% maximal @entity26 uptake, VO2max) studies with  <=15 minutes @entity2101 per session were reviewed. RESULTS: Six studies of nondiabetics (51 males, 14 females) requiring 7.5 to 20 minutes/week of @entity2101 are reviewed. Two weeks of sprint interval training @entity1720 up to 3 days postintervention. Twelve weeks near maximal interval running (total exercise time 40 minutes/week) improved BG to a similar extent as running at 65% VO2max for 150 minutes/week. Eight studies of @entity6 (41 type 1 and 22 type 2 subjects) were reviewed. Six were of a single exercise session with 44 seconds to 13 minutes of @entity2101 , and the others were 2 and 7 weeks duration with 20 and 2 minutes/week @entity2101 , respectively. With type 1 and 2 @entity6 , BG was generally higher during and up to 2 hours after @entity2101 compared to controls. With type 1 @entity6 , BG decreased from midnight to 6 AM following @entity2101 the previous morning. With type 2 @entity6 , a single session improved postprandial BG for 24 hours, while a 2-week program reduced the average BG by 13% at 48 to 72 hours after exercise and also increased @entity2368 by 369%. CONCLUSION: Very brief @entity2101 improves BG 1 to 3 days postexercise in both @entity6 and non- @entity6 . @entity2101 is unlikely to cause @entity4053 during and immediately after exercise. Larger and longer randomized studies are needed to determine the safety, acceptability, long-term efficacy, and optimal exercise intensity and duration.

title: The impact of brief high-intensity exercise on blood XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HIE', 'High-intensity exercise']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) of @entity1 with @entity1569 in Japan using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Furthermore, we had evaluated the correlation between DLQI and clinical severity of @entity1569 . METHODS: The Japanese version of DLQI was used to assess the QOL of @entity1 . Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and Itch visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to assess clinical severity of @entity1569 . RESULTS: The subjects were 102 Japanese @entity1 with mild to severe @entity1569 (77 males, 25 females, mean age 55.2    14.2). There were no statistically significant differences in age, PASI, and itch VAS between male and female. The mean DLQI scores in total were 3.6    3.2 in male and 7.2    1.2 in female. The mean total DLQI scores in female were higher than that in male (p = 0.0016). Significant correlation was observed between DLQI scores and PASI score (p < 0.001) or itch VAS score (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The mean total DLQI scores in female were significantly higher than that in male. Also, we confirmed the correlation between DLQI and clinical severity of @entity1569 . These findings suggest that QOL assessment plays a greater role in females than in the males, when assessing the severity of @entity1569 .

title: Psoriasis affects XXXX 's quality of life more seriously in female than in male in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although rare overall, @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) is the most common primary low-grade @entity706 reported in the literature. The aim of this study is to elucidate the biology and genetic features of this @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifteen CNS MZBCLs were studied clinically, pathologically, and genetically, including fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses with commercially available @entity11987 and @entity7513 break-apart and centromere 3, 7, 12, and 18 probes. RESULTS: CNS MZBCLs preferentially affect middle-aged @entity1 (female-to-male ratio, 4:1), with 93% presenting as dural-based masses mimicking @entity1653 . Ten @entity1 with 1 to 7.6 years of follow-up after diagnosis showed no evidence of disease after radiation and/or chemotherapy. Like MZBCLs outside of the CNS, they consisted of @entity2225 +, CD3- small B lymphocytes with varying degrees of plasmacytic differentiation and predominantly kappa light-chain restriction (78%). Lymphoid follicles with follicular colonization were seen in three @entity1 and deposition of amyloid was noted in samples from two @entity1 , one of which was tumefactive. Neither Bcl-6 protein nor @entity9653 -encoded RNA was expressed. Trisomy 3 was detected in six of 12 @entity1 , with no rearrangements of @entity11987 or @entity7513 and no trisomies of 7, 12, or 18 detected. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that intracranial @entity1892 is an indolent primary @entity706 that typically presents as a @entity1653 -like dural-based mass. Trisomy 3, but not @entity11987 or @entity7513 translocation, is a common genetic abnormality that may contribute to the pathogenesis of this @entity706 .

title: Clinicopathologic and genetic profile of intracranial marginal zone lymphoma: a primary low-grade XXXX that mimics @entity1653 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['unusual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['MZBCL', 'marginal zone B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity9653 :: ('10376', 'Species') :: ['Epstein-Barr virus']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['CNS lymphoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Coronary angioplasty leads to endothelial disruption and a further rendotelization. The aim of our study was to determine the status of endothelial function in previously dilated @entity301 without @entity256 . METHODS: Endothelium-dependent vasomotion was analysed in twelve @entity1 with single vessel @entity301 six month after angioplasty by selective intracoronary doses of @entity934 (10-6, 10-5, 10-4 M) in the previously treated artery. The control group was made up of seven @entity1 with no evidence of significant @entity3979 and without risk factors. Vasomotor response at the different doses of @entity934 was determined by quantitative coronary angiography. RESULTS: Endothelial function showed a global vasodilator response in the dilated segment at the maximum dose of @entity934 (increase in lumen diameter 3.6 +/- 3.5%), similar to the response observed in the control group (increase of luminal diameter 3 +/- 6%; p = NS). In particular, 8 @entity1 (67%) showed a normal endotelial function, while 4 @entity1 (33%) showed a vasoconstrictor response. A positive correlation was detected between the response to the maximun dose of @entity934 and the percent of residual @entity850 at 6 months of follow-up (r = 0.67; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 treated with coronary angioplasty without @entity256 , the dilated segments frequently showed normal endothelial function. Greater residual @entity850 at the dilated segment was associated with @entity73 in endothelial function.

title: [Endothelial function in XXXX previously treated with balloon angioplasty].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease', 'coronary segments']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['less impairment']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary segments']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We conducted this investigation to better define the neural disruptions that result in @entity250 in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ), using genital electrodiagnostic testing and nocturnal penile tumescence and @entity2003 monitoring. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity15 and @entity250 were recruited for the study. Twelve healthy, sexually potent @entity1 were enrolled as controls. All underwent pudendal somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) testing using standard methods, and a new modification to isolate the right and left dorsal nerves of the penis. RigiScan testing was performed on the @entity15 subjects to assess nocturnal erectile function. RESULTS: Unilateral and bilateral DNP SEPs were able to be performed on the control subjects. In all but one @entity15 subjects, DNP SEP abnormalities were found. Three @entity1 had normal latency bilateral DNP SEP latencies, but on unilateral DNP testing, abnormalities were identified. Seven @entity1 , including those with abnormal or absent SEP latencies, had normal nocturnal erectile activity. There was no correlation between overall functional status, presence of abnormal or absent SEP, and quality of nocturnal erectile activity. CONCLUSIONS: Genital SEP abnormalties are common in @entity1 with @entity15 and @entity250 . Unilateral DNP SEP testing was more sensitive in identifying abnormalities than the standard method of pudendal SEP testing. One of the causes of @entity250 in @entity1 with @entity15 may be due to genital somatosensory pathway disruption, with sparing of the efferent tracts in some @entity1 .

title: Physiologic studies of male XXXX in @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of topical 2% @entity15438 alone, and in combination with topical 0.5% @entity6839 , on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal @entity468 . ANIMALS: Twenty-four healthy Domestic Short-haired @entity468 . PROCEDURE: Baseline values of IOP were established at 7 am, 10 am, 1 pm, 5 pm and 9 pm during pretreatment phase (days 1-2). During treatment phase (days 3-10) @entity468 received 2% @entity15438 HCl q 12 h in group A (n = 6), q 8 h in group B (n = 6), and combined with 0.5% @entity6839 q 12 h in group C (n = 6). @entity468 in control group D (n = 6) received artificial tears q 8 h. During treatment phase IOP measurements were continued at the same time-points as in the pretreatment phase. RESULTS: Mean pretreatment IOP in all @entity468 was 18.46 +/- 2.99 mmHg. Mean IOP decreased significantly (P < 0.0086) in all treatment groups compared to pretreatment values (group A: 16.40 +/- 0.49 mmHg, group B: 16.04 +/- 0.49 mmHg, group C: 17.76 +/- 0.49 mmHg). IOP did not decrease in control group D (18.55 +/- 0.49 mmHg). The difference in IOP between treatment groups (A, B, C) was not statistically significant, but comparison of IOP between each treatment group and the control group was statistically significant (A-D; P = 0.0057; B-D, P = 0.0012; C-D, P = 0.0212). CONCLUSION: Topical 2% @entity15438 significantly lowers IOP in normal @entity468 but the effect is mild. Concomitant application of 2% @entity15438 and 0.5% @entity6839 does significantly decrease IOP, but the effect is not significantly greater than q 8 h administration of @entity15438 alone.

title: Effects of topical 2% @entity15438 alone and in combination with 0.5% XXXX on intraocular pressure in normal feline eyes.

entities_list: @entity6839 :: ('MESH:D013999', 'Chemical') :: ['timolol maleate', 'timolol']

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['dorzolamide']

answer: @entity6839 :: (MESH:D013999,Chemical) :: ['timolol maleate']


abstract: @entity5123 are the most common type of @entity5 . Activation of the @entity44810 gene on chromosome 8q12 is the most frequent mutation found in these @entity5 . This results from chromosomal translocations leading to promoter substitution between @entity44810 , mainly expressed in fetal tissue, and more broadly expressed genes. The replacement of the @entity44810 promoter, inactive in adult salivary glands, by a strong promoter derived from the translocation partner, leads to ectopic expression of @entity44810 in the @entity5 cells. This abnormal @entity44810 expression results in deregulation of @entity44810 target genes causing salivary gland tumorigenesis. @entity44810 binds to promoter 3 of the @entity5100 gene ( @entity5100 ) and stimulates its activity. @entity5100 is highly expressed in @entity652 overexpressing @entity44810 while no @entity5100 expression is found in @entity652 without abnormal @entity44810 expression nor in normal salivary gland tissue, indicating a perfect correlation between @entity44810 and @entity5100 expression. These results provide us with the first clue for understanding the role of @entity44810 in @entity5 development. @entity5100 perfectly fits in the picture of a restarted developmental program with concomitant loss of differentiation, the typical hallmark for any @entity5 . Salivary gland genesis provides a system for studying the development of glandular organs having many basic features in common with the salivary gland, such as breast, kidney, lung, pancreas and prostate. With a unique salivary gland organ culture system we now can study principles of epitheliogenesis, tubulogenesis and branching morphogenesis. Genes expressed at the spot where during tumourigenesis proliferation overrules differentiation constitute new targets for reverting the proliferative, @entity5 -specific stage. By elucidating molecular mechanisms involved in @entity1 @entity5 , we will hence contribute at the level of fundamental @entity5 research (oncogenesis) and normal organ development (organogenesis).

title: [Molecular techniques lead to the first insights into the pathophysiology of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'salivary gland tumor', 'salivary gland tumours', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5100 :: ('3481', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor 2', 'IGF2']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['Pleomorphic adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['salivary gland adenomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recognition memory may be enhanced for emotional stimuli compared to neutral ones. Neuropsychological studies in adults with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) have reported disorders in this emotional memory enhancement but few studies have focused on @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1315 . However these young @entity1 are at particular risk for @entity2414 . METHODS: We included 25 @entity1 aged 8-18 years with temporal lobe resection (TLR) for refractory @entity1315 and compared them with 50 age-matched healthy controls for emotional memory recognition tasks involving faces and words. Recollection and familiarity memory processes were explored using the R/K/G paradigm and identification of emotional facial expressions was evaluated. RESULTS: In the control group, recognition was enhanced for emotional faces and words compared to neutral ones. In @entity1 , no memory enhancement effect was found, except for fearful faces. Memory enhancement for fearful faces relied on familiarity-based judgments in @entity1 whereas it was supported by recollection in controls. In @entity1315 @entity1 , memory recognition of emotional material was correlated with identification of emotional facial expressions whereas this was not the case for right-TLR @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Together, these findings indicate that temporal lobe integrity is crucial for @entity1 to develop normal interactions between emotions and memory. In the case of early lesions, fearful expressions might possibly increase memory for faces but through familiarity rather than through recollection as in healthy individuals.

title: @entity2414 after early XXXX surgery: the fearful face exception?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairments']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy', 'left-TLR']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate whether typical acupuncture methods such as needle placement, needle stimulation, and treatment frequency were important factors in @entity239 symptom improvement. DESIGN/SETTINGS/SUBJECTS: A single-site, single-blind, randomized trial of 114 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity239 for at least 1 year was performed. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomized to one of four treatment groups: (1) T/S needles placed in traditional sites with manual needle stimulation (n = 29): (2) T/0 traditional needle location without stimulation (n = 30); (3) N/S needles inserted in nontraditional locations that were not thought to be acupuncture sites, with stimulation (n = 28); and (4) N/0 nontraditional needle location without stimulation (n = 2 7). All groups received treatment once weekly, followed by twice weekly, and finally three times weekly, for a total of 18 treatments. Each increase in frequency was separated by a 2-week washout period. OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity158 was assessed by a numerical rating scale, @entity1295 by the Multi-dimensional Fatigue Inventory, and physical function by the Short Form-36. RESULTS: Overall @entity158 improvement was noted with 25%-35% of subjects having a clinically significant decrease in @entity158 ; however this was not dependent upon "correct" needle stimulation (t = 1.03; p = 0.307) or location (t = 0.76; p = 0.450). An overall dose effect of treatment was observed, with three sessions weekly providing more @entity1337 than sessions once weekly (t = 2.10; p = 0.039). Among treatment responders, improvements in @entity158 , @entity1295 , and physical function were highly codependent (all p < or = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Although needle insertion led to @entity1337 and improvement in other somatic symptoms, correct needle location and stimulation were not crucial.

title: Treatment of XXXX with formula acupuncture: investigation of needle placement, needle stimulation, and treatment frequency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: This phase I study was carried out to evaluate the optimal dose of @entity2903 in combination with @entity3003 and @entity1311 in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 . @entity1 with advanced @entity320 or @entity151 that could benefit from the combination of @entity3003 and @entity1311 were eligible. A standard 3+3 @entity1 cohort dose escalation design was used. @entity1311 and @entity3003 were administered at fixed doses of 175 mg/m on day 1 and an area under the curve of 5, respectively. @entity2903 was administered at a dose of 75 mg/m/day from days 2-6 and subsequent cohorts were dose escalated by 25 mg/m increments. Cycles were repeated every 28 days. The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of this combination. Fourteen @entity1 were enrolled and 12 @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and response (six with @entity320 and six with @entity151 ). The maximum tolerated dose of @entity2903 was 125 mg/m, with fixed doses of @entity3003 and @entity1311 . There were no treatment delays nor dose reductions at this level. There were two partial responses and two @entity1 with stable disease in the @entity320 group. Four @entity1 had a partial response, and one had stable disease in the @entity151 group. There were sustained responses in three of the four @entity1 with @entity320 who achieved a clinical benefit. In conclusion, the combination of @entity3003 , @entity1311 , and @entity2903 is well tolerated and warrants further study.

title: Phase I dose finding study of @entity3003 , @entity1311 , and XXXX in advanced solid @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide', 'temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10146 ( @entity10146 ) is the most common structural @entity600 of the @entity1 forebrain. There are several important @entity10146 mutational target genes, including the transcription factor @entity25685 , which encodes an early regulator of @entity4851 , Wnt, @entity6861 and Nodal signalling expressed in the developing forebrain and eyes of all vertebrates. OBJECTIVE: To characterise genetic and clinical findings in @entity1 with @entity25685 mutations. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity10146 and their family members were tested for mutations in @entity10146 -associated genes and the genetic and clinical findings, including those for additional cases found in the literature, were analysed. The results were correlated with a mutation-specific functional assay in @entity3392 . RESULTS: In a cohort of @entity1 (n = 800) with @entity10146 , @entity25685 mutations were found in 4.7% of probands and additional cases were found through testing of relatives. In total, 138 cases of @entity10146 were identified, 59 of whom had not previously been clinically presented. Mutations in @entity25685 result in more severe @entity10146 than in other cases of non-chromosomal, non-syndromic @entity10146 . An over-representation of severe @entity10146 was found in @entity1 whose mutations confer greater loss of function, as measured by the functional @entity3392 assay. The gender ratio in this combined set of @entity1 was 1.5:1 (F:M) and maternal inheritance was almost twice as common as paternal. About 14% of @entity25685 mutations in probands occur de novo. There is a wide intrafamilial clinical range of features and classical penetrance is estimated to be at least 62%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity25685 mutations result in relatively severe @entity10146 and that there is a genotype-phenotype correlation, as shown by functional studies using animal models.

title: Clinical spectrum of XXXX -associated mutations in holoprosencephaly: correlation between genotype, phenotype and function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity10146 :: ('MESH:D016142', 'Disease') :: ['HPE', 'Holoprosencephaly']

answer: @entity25685 :: (6496,Gene) :: ['SIX3']


abstract: This report describes studies into the pathophysiology of heparin-induced @entity882 . The IgG fraction from each of nine @entity1 with heparin-induced @entity882 caused heparin-dependent platelet release of radiolabeled @entity750 . Both the Fc and the @entity1334 portions of the IgG molecule were required for the platelet reactivity. The platelet release reaction could be inhibited by the Fc portion of normal @entity1 or goat IgG, and @entity1 F(ab')2, but not F(ab')2 from healthy controls. These results suggested that the @entity1334 portion of IgG binds to heparin forming an immune complex and the immune complexes initiate the platelet release reaction by binding to the platelet Fc receptors. To directly challenge this hypothesis, we preincubated the @entity750 -labeled platelets with the monoclonal antibody against the platelet Fc receptor (IV.3). This monoclonal antibody completely inhibited the release reaction caused by heparin and @entity1 sera, as well as heat aggregated IgG, but did not block collagen or thrombin-induced platelet release. Heparin-dependent platelet release also could be inhibited in vitro by the addition of monocytes and neutrophils, but not by red cells, presumably because the Fc receptors on the phagocytic cells have a higher binding affinity for IgG complexes than do platelets. Platelets from @entity1 with @entity942 of specific glycoproteins Ib and IX (Bernard-Soulier syndrome) and IIb and IIIa (Glanzmann's thrombasthenia) displayed normal heparin-dependent release indicating that the release reaction did not require the participation of these glycoproteins. These studies indicate that heparin-induced @entity882 is an IgG-heparin immune complex disorder involving both the @entity1334 and Fc portion of the IgG molecule.

title: Heparin-induced XXXX : laboratory studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['congenital deficiencies']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Current diagnostic criteria for @entity2531 demand revisions due to their insufficient clinical as well as scientific usability. Various psychological and behavioral characteristics have been considered for the proposed new category @entity146 ( @entity146 ). With this study, we were able to jointly assess the validity of these variables in an inpatient sample. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, we investigated N=456 @entity1 suffering from @entity2531 , @entity148 , or @entity308 . Within one week after admission to the hospital, informed consent was obtained and afterwards, a diagnostic interview and a battery of self-report questionnaires were administered. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine which variables significantly add to construct and descriptive validity. RESULTS: Several features, such as somatic symptom severity, health worries, health habits, a self-concept of being weak, and symptom attribution, predicted physical health status in somatization. Overall, our model explained about 50% of the total variance. Furthermore, in comparison with anxious and @entity308 @entity1 , health @entity148 , body scanning, and a self-concept of bodily weakness were specific for DSM-IV @entity2531 and the proposed @entity146 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports the inclusion of psychological and behavioral characteristics in the @entity4987 diagnostic criteria for @entity2531 . Based on our results, we make suggestions for a slight modification of criterion B to enhance construct validity of the @entity146 .

title: Construct validity and descriptive validity of XXXX in light of proposed changes for the @entity4987 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Somatic Symptom Disorder', 'SSD']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform disorders', 'somatoform disorder']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['somatoform disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Development of @entity1274 requires that synapses are formed, eliminated and stabilized. At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), @entity22735 /MuSK signaling, by triggering downstream pathways, causes clustering and phosphorylation of postsynaptic @entity934 receptors (AChRs). Postnatally, AChR aggregates are stabilized by molecular pathways that are poorly characterized. Gain or loss of function of @entity19640 -family kinases (SFKs) disassembles AChR clusters at adult NMJs in vivo, whereas AChR aggregates disperse rapidly upon withdrawal of @entity22735 from cultured @entity19640 -/-;fyn-/- myotubes. This suggests that a balance between protein @entity669 phosphatases ( @entity56218 ) and protein @entity669 kinases (PTKs) such as those of the @entity19640 -family may be essential in stabilizing clusters of AChRs. RESULTS: We have analyzed the role of @entity56218 in maintenance of AChR aggregates, by adding and then withdrawing @entity22735 from cultured myotubes in the presence of @entity26508 or PTK inhibitors and quantitating remaining AChR clusters. In wild-type myotubes, blocking @entity56218 with @entity7983 caused enhanced disassembly of AChR clusters after @entity22735 withdrawal. When added at the time of @entity22735 withdrawal, SFK inhibitors destabilized AChR aggregates but concomitant addition of pervanadate rescued cluster stability. Likewise in @entity19640 -/-;fyn-/- myotubes, in which @entity22735 -induced AChR clusters form normally but rapidly disintegrate after @entity22735 withdrawal, pervanadate addition stabilized AChR clusters. The @entity26508 @entity56219 , known to be enriched at the NMJ, associated and colocalized with MuSK, and @entity22735 increased this interaction. Specific @entity56219 knockdown by RNA interference reduced the stability of AChR clusters in wild-type myotubes. Similarly, knockdown of @entity56219 in adult @entity19 soleus muscle by electroporation of RNA interference constructs caused disassembly of pretzel-shaped AChR-rich areas in vivo. Finally, we found that @entity19640 -/-;fyn-/- myotubes contained elevated levels of @entity56219 protein. CONCLUSION: Our data are the first to show that the fine balance between @entity56218 and SFKs is a key aspect in stabilization of postsynaptic AChR clusters. One phosphatase that acts in this equilibrium is @entity56219 . Thus, @entity56218 such as @entity56219 stabilize AChR clusters under normal circumstances, but when these @entity56218 are not balanced by SFKs, they render clusters unstable.

title: @entity669 phosphatases such as @entity56219 act in a balance with @entity19640 -family kinases in stabilization of postsynaptic clusters of XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity7983 :: ('MESH:C076715', 'Chemical') :: ['pervanadate']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Wnt signaling regulates hepatic function and nutrient homeostasis. However, little is known about the roles of b-catenin in cellular respiration or mitochondria of hepatocytes. METHODS: We investigated b-catenin's role in the metabolic function of hepatocytes under homeostatic conditions and in response to metabolic stress using @entity19 with hepatocyte-specific deletion of b-catenin and their wild-type littermates, given either saline (sham) or @entity1068 (as a model of binge drinking and acute @entity1068 intoxication). RESULTS: Under homeostatic conditions, b-catenin-deficient hepatocytes demonstrated @entity2383 that included impairments to the @entity6626 cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and decreased production of @entity855 ( @entity855 ). There was no evidence for redox imbalance or oxidative cellular injury in the absence of metabolic stress. In @entity19 with b-catenin-deficient hepatocytes, @entity1068 intoxication led to significant redox imbalance in the hepatocytes and further deterioration in mitochondrial function that included reduced OXPHOS, @entity844 oxidation (FAO), and @entity855 production. @entity1068 feeding significantly @entity1560 and oxidative damage, compared with wild-type @entity19 , and disrupted the ratio of @entity2125 . b-catenin-deficient hepatocytes also had showed disrupted signaling of @entity14075 signaling. CONCLUSIONS: b-catenin has an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, regulating @entity855 production via the @entity6626 cycle, OXPHOS, and @entity844 oxidation; b-catenin function in these systems is compromised under conditions of nutrient oxidative stress. Reagents that alter Wnt-b-catenin signaling might be developed as a useful new therapeutic strategy for treatment of @entity409 .

title: b-Catenin regulates hepatic mitochondrial function and energy balance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2125 :: ('MESH:D009243', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['increased liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity14075 :: ('93759(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Sirt1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunctions']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the advantages of powered instrumentation vs the @entity544 laser in treating @entity1 with @entity1723 recurrent @entity1724 . DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 operated on for @entity1723 recurrent @entity1724 between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2000. @entity1185 were excised using the microdebrider in one group and the @entity544 laser in the second group. INTERVENTIONS: Direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, suspension microlaryngoscopy, and excision of @entity1185 by the @entity544 laser or the microdebrider. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Operative time and @entity260 . RESULTS: Seventy-three operations were performed (23 with the laser and 50 with the microdebrider). Sixteen @entity1 were included, 10 with active disease and 5 with disease in remission; 1 was lost to follow-up. They had a mean age of 3.75 years, and the male-female ratio was 7:9. The @entity1 presented mostly with hoarseness (13 [81%]). Four (25%) had soft tissue complications with the laser. The microdebrider was less time-consuming than the laser, although those treated with the microdebrider had more active disease. No factor could be used to measure treatment outcome due to disease variability. Those who were older, female, and African American tended to have less severe manifestations of disease. CONCLUSIONS: The microdebrider proved to be less time-consuming than the @entity544 laser when used in @entity1 with @entity1723 recurrent @entity1724 . Soft tissue complications were nonexistent. In addition to safety, the microdebrider is more appealing to the surgeon, anesthesiologist, and parents, especially because these @entity1 often need subsequent surgical procedures.

title: Powered instrumentation in the treatment of recurrent @entity1724 : an alternative to the XXXX laser.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1724 :: ('MESH:C535297', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['Papillomas', 'papillomas']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile-onset']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: Local recurrence is a significant problem following radiotherapy in @entity1697 and hence there is a paramount need for predictive markers. This study therefore analysed the predictive value of pre-treatment status of angiogenesis, apoptosis, expression of apoptosis regulatory @entity876 , @entity589 and @entity588 proteins as well as tissue proliferation in relation to @entity5 response to radiotherapy. Sixty-nine histologically defined @entity189 lesions were included in the study. Extent of apoptosis was defined morphologically and by the TUNEL (Tdt-mediated @entity1977 biotin nick end labelling) assay. Expression of apoptosis regulatory @entity876 , @entity589 and @entity588 proteins were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. Mutant @entity876 protein was detected using a mutant @entity876 -specific ELISA. The extent of tissue proliferation was evaluated by @entity4910 expression. Angiogenesis was evaluated by @entity2280 antigen expression. All @entity1 were treated with radical radiotherapy and followed up for 36 months. High levels of @entity876 protein detected by immunocytochemistry were found to be associated with poor response to treatment or disease relapse. Detection of mutant @entity876 protein also showed significant association with poor prognosis. Low levels of angiogenesis had a correlation with recurrence status. @entity5 showing less vascularisation as well as increased apoptosis had a poor prognosis. Expression of @entity876 and @entity588 proteins showed direct correlation with angiogenesis. There was no correlation between clinical status and any of the experimental parameters with histopathological grades of invasive lesions. Presence of mutant @entity876 protein is suggestive of poor @entity5 response to radiotherapy. Expression of @entity876 and increased apoptosis in less vascularised @entity5 is associated with treatment resistance. A predictive assay based on these results designed to analyse individual @entity5 samples showed presence of apoptotic cells near the vasculature to be indicative of good prognosis, while absence of apoptotic cells or highly proliferative cells and/or expression of @entity588 protein in cells around the vasculature to be an indicator of poor prognosis.

title: Apoptosis, angiogenesis and proliferation: trifunctional measure of XXXX response to radiotherapy for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: @entity5 surgery has been reported to facilitate @entity5 dissemination. In our experience with 158 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, we encountered 2 cases (1.3%) of unsuspected @entity1086 . We report these 2 cases to illustrate the disadvantages of laparoscopic @entity5 resection. In Case 1, a 60-year-old @entity1 with symptomatic @entity9975 underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy revealing an unsuspected @entity1086 (pT2). Five months later, localized peritoneal @entity189 developed in the right subphrenic space, and she died from disseminated disease 19 months postoperatively. Laparoscopic manipulation may have caused the unusual, localized seeding. In Case 2, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was initiated for a polypoid lesion of the gallbladder in a 69-year-old @entity1 . When laparoscopy revealed a concomitant @entity5 (pT3), resection was converted to an open radical cholecystectomy. He remains alive without evidence of disease 31 months postoperatively. Conversion to open surgery may have contributed to the favorable outcome. The contrast between the 2 cases suggests that laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be converted to open surgery whenever @entity5 is suspected. Surgeons should note that laparoscopic resection may disseminate @entity5 .

title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy may disseminate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9975 :: ('MESH:D041761', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Laparoscopic cancer', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Because twins are a high-risk group for @entity600 , many clinicians routinely use prophylactic interventions such as home bed rest, hospital bed rest, oral tocolytics, or home uterine activity monitoring to prevent @entity3152 . We sought to identify twin gestations at low risk for spontaneous @entity600 with transvaginal ultrasonography of the cervix to avoid the unnecessary use of prophylactic interventions in these pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: We measured cervical length at 24 to 26 weeks' gestation by transvaginal ultrasonography in @entity1 with twin gestations referred to our prematurity prevention clinic. Each delivery was classified as (1) spontaneous @entity600 < 34 weeks' gestation, (2) delivery at > or = 34 weeks' gestation with intervention, or (3) delivery at > or = 34 weeks' gestation without intervention. Intervention included strict bed rest at home or in the hospital, either parenteral or oral tocolysis, or both, or home uterine activity monitoring. Indicated preterm deliveries and @entity1 with cerclage were excluded from this analysis. The ability of transvaginal cervical length to predict @entity1 who would deliver at > or = 34 weeks without intervention was evaluated. A cervical length of 35 mm was chosen by scatter diagram as the best cutoff to discriminate between the group delivered at term without intervention and the other two groups. RESULTS: Of 85 @entity1 with twin gestations who underwent ultrasonographic cervical length measurements at 24 to 26 weeks' gestation, 17 had spontaneous @entity600 at < 34 weeks, 23 were delivered at > or = 34 weeks but required intervention, and 45 were delivered at > or = 34 weeks without intervention. The mean cervical length for those delivered at > or = 34 weeks' gestation without intervention (36.4 +/- 5.8 mm) was significantly greater (p < 0.0001) than the mean for those delivered preterm (27.4 +/- 8.5) and those delivered at > or = 34 weeks' gestation who required intervention (27.7 +/- 10.5 mm). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of a cervical length > 35 mm for predicting delivery at > or = 34 weeks' gestation are 49%, 94%, 97%, and 31%, respectively. CONCLUSION: A transvaginal ultrasonographic measurement of the cervix of > 35 mm at 24 to 26 weeks in twin gestations can identify @entity1 who are at low risk for delivery before 34 weeks' gestation.

title: Identifying twin gestations at low risk for XXXX with a transvaginal ultrasonographic cervical measurement at 24 to 26 weeks' gestation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1262 plays a major role in regulating the concentration of chemotherapeutic agents inside the cytoplasm of normal and cancerous cells. The present in vitro study has primarily focused on the evaluation of the chemosensitising drug model, @entity1855 , as a @entity1262 antagonist not only to overcome chemoresistance in @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) chemoresistant cells ( @entity876 (+) i.e. over-expressing @entity876 mutant protein @entity1893 cells) but also to evaluate and suggest the use of the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay in the clinical setting. METHODS: Leucocytes from @entity3726 -chemoresistant @entity1893 @entity1 ( @entity876 (+) cells) were examined in the SCGE assay. Altered levels of DNA damage (tail moments) were determined by the assay not only in the leucocytes from clinical samples, but also in the Raji cell sub-lines ( @entity1893 model) which are also over-expressing @entity876 mutant protein. In addition, as a comparison, @entity1262 was examined in normal @entity1 leucocytes and Raji cells. RESULTS: Verapamil increased the tail moments induced by @entity632 in all cell types over-expressing @entity876 mutant protein. DISCUSSION: The assay was successful for evaluating @entity1262 regulation. This suggests the applicability at the cellular level of the method as suitable for use in the clinical setting since it is reliable and could be used pre-clinically or perhaps instead of or alongside clinical trails. Cells from @entity1 with a chemoresistant disease state or whose disease relapses subsequently could be treated with such novel experimental therapies in vitro to determine the necessity for the individual administration of a @entity1262 antagonist.

title: An in vitro model to study chemoresistance in @entity1893 @entity1 over-expressing mutant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1262 :: ('5243', 'Gene') :: ['P-glycoprotein', 'P-Glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) produces a protective effect against @entity741 and @entity5721 . @entity2614 , which is used for anesthesia in cardiac problem @entity1 , also has a protective effect. This study is designed to reveal the effects of @entity3958 under @entity2614 using @entity35 hearts. METHODS: The hearts were Langendorff-perfused, subjected to 30 minutes @entity63 and 60 minutes reperfusion. Group I was a control group. The other groups were pretreated for 15 minutes before @entity63 as follows: 1.6% @entity2614 for group S; 18.5   M @entity3958 S for group H; and 1.6% @entity2614 and 18.5   M @entity3958 simultaneously for group @entity8682 . Hemodynamics and the @entity1188 size were measured. RESULTS: Group @entity8682 presented @entity308 hemodynamics during pretreatment. LV function in group @entity8682 achieved better recovery than group I after reperfusion. The @entity1188 size of groups S, H and @entity8682 was smaller than group I, while there were no differences between groups S, H and @entity8682 . CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous @entity3958 did not enhance the preconditioning effects of @entity2614 . Rather, the results suggest that @entity3958 under @entity2614 might depress hemodynamics.

title: The effects of @entity3957 under @entity2614 administration against @entity63 and @entity5721 in isolated XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Under in vivo conditions of @entity63 and reperfusion, vascular endothelium (EC) experience concurrent changes in @entity26 tension, shear stress, and the local concentration of metabolites. These studies explored the combined effects of shear stress and @entity26 tension on EC @entity4770 production. EC grown on microcarrier beads were exposed to 120 min of normoxia and basal shear stress by stirring at 20 rpm. After normoxia, EC were exposed to @entity519 (2% 0(2), 20 rpm), @entity63 (2%, 0(2), 5 rpm) or sham @entity63 (20% 0(2), 5 rpm). Following @entity519 , EC were reoxygenated (20% 0(2), 20 rpm). After @entity63 and sham @entity63 , EC were reperfused (20% 0(2), 20 rpm). Minimal accumulation of metabolites occurred during normoxia, @entity519 , and reperfusion. All metabolites were allowed to accumulate in the flasks during @entity63 and sham @entity63 . @entity4770 levels were measured by ELISA, and @entity14297 synthase levels in cells were analyzed by immunoblotting. An acute decrease in shear stress decreased @entity4770 production. An acute decrease only in @entity26 tension did not alter @entity4770 production significantly. The combined acute decrease in both shear stress and @entity26 tension significantly stimulated @entity4770 production for 30 min. By 120 min of @entity63 and @entity519 , @entity4770 release was significantly less than sham @entity63 . @entity4770 production after 30 min of reoxygenation was significantly less than that of cells subjected to reperfusion. By 120 min of reperfusion and reoxygenation, there was no significant difference in EC @entity4770 synthesis. These findings suggest that temporal and quantitative aspects of EC prostaglandin synthesis are dependent on both @entity26 tension and shear stress.

title: Effects of XXXX tension and shear stress on human endothelial cell @entity4770 production.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostacyclin', 'prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity14297 :: ('MESH:D044262', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin H2']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: It is well known that radiation therapy to the anterior @entity6830 may induce lesions of all cardiac structures. The pericardium is most frequently involved, but @entity713 , @entity296 , @entity3979 may also be produced. Aortic, mitral and tricuspid lesions have been described. However, clinical evidence of pulmonic valve involvement has not been reported. Only at necropsy has fibrotic thickening of the pulmonic cusps occasionally been found. We report a case of @entity884 in a 53-year-old @entity1 who had undergone thoracic radiation therapy for @entity978 31 years previously. Four years prior to the @entity884 he had also been submitted to myocardial revascularisation for critical lesions of the left main and right coronary ostia, and to aortic valve replacement because of @entity850 and insufficiency. At that time, the pulmonic valve was fibrotic on echo examination. It is noteworthy that, of all the cardiac valves, the infective process involved only the pulmonic one, which is seldom the target of an @entity281 . To our knowledge this is the first case of @entity3555 of a heart valve that had been previously damaged by radiation therapy.

title: [ Bacterial endocarditis of the pulmonary valve damaged by thoracic radiotherapy (in XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular conduction disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis of the pulmonic valve', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: Differences in ocular @entity146 have been hypothesized to reflect differences in the extent of @entity130 . Although differences in the processes leading to tissue damage may exist, extent of injury is believed to be the principal factor determining final outcome of @entity146 . Previous studies characterizing the pathology of surfactant-induced @entity146 support this premise. The purpose of this study was to begin to determine the applicability of this premise in terms of nonsurfactants; we planned to accomplish this by assessing the ocular @entity146 of different concentrations of an acid and an alkali. Ten microliters of 3 or 10% @entity1543 ( @entity15915 ) or 2 or 8% @entity7159 ( @entity6674 ) were directly applied to the @entity735 of each test @entity95 . Untreated left eyes served as the controls. Eyes and eyelids were macroscopically examined for signs of irritation beginning 3 hours after dosing and periodically until recovery or day 35. Eyes and eyelids from animals in each group were collected for microscopic examination after 3 hours and on days 1, 3, and 35. The macroscopic and microscopic changes were consistent with slight (3% @entity15915 ), mild (2% @entity6674 , 10% @entity15915 ), and severe (8% @entity6674 ) @entity146 . The spectra of changes were similar to those previously reported for surfactants of differing types and @entity146 . As with surfactants, as the extent of @entity130 increased, the intensity and duration of the subsequent responses increased. These results indicate that our hypothesis also applies to nonsurfactants. The results also support our belief that the initial extent of injury associated with @entity146 may be used to predict the subsequent responses and final outcome. Finally, our results further indicate that such an approach may be applicable to the development of alternative assays that are based on either @entity4858 to an in vitro corneal equivalent system.

title: Microscopic changes with @entity1543 and @entity7159 in the XXXX low-volume eye test.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritancy', 'ocular irritation', 'irritancies']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['injury to ex vivo eyes or injury']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['cornea of the right eye']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity7159 :: ('MESH:D012972', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Many @entity3124 @entity1 in intensive care units suffer from an infection-induced whole body inflammatory state known as @entity295 , which causes severe @entity425 in @entity1 who survive. The mechanisms by which @entity295 triggers @entity425 ( @entity425 ) remain unclear. Currently, research into @entity425 is focused on dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. During electromyographic studies of @entity1 with @entity425 , we noticed that recruitment was limited to few motor units, which fired at low rates. The reduction in motor unit rate modulation suggested that functional @entity6220 contributes to @entity425 . To understand better the mechanism underlying reduced firing motor unit firing rates, we moved to the @entity35 cecal ligation and puncture model of @entity295 . In @entity5161 -anesthetized @entity35 , we studied the response of spinal motoneurons to injected current to determine their capacity for initiating and firing action potentials repetitively. Properties of single action potentials and passive membrane properties of motoneurons from septic @entity35 were normal, suggesting excitability was normal. However, motoneurons exhibited striking dysfunction during repetitive firing. The sustained firing that underlies normal motor unit activity and smooth force generation was slower, more erratic, and often intermittent in septic @entity35 . Our data are the first to suggest that reduced excitability of neurons within the central nervous system may contribute to @entity425 .

title: Reduced motoneuron excitability in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['impairment within the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit-acquired weakness', 'weakness', 'ICUAW']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: As part of our goal to develop nonhuman primate models to prospectively study how different types of stress may affect the menstrual cycle, we have investigated whether a short-term stress challenge that includes a significant psychogenic component can induce @entity409 . The study was performed in @entity2608 . The stress challenge had several components that included the psychological response to both a tethering system and to a simultaneous move to an unfamiliar environment and the response to the short surgical procedures required to install and disconnect the tethering system. The stress challenge lasted for 12 d and was initiated in the follicular (n = 5) or luteal (n = 6) phase of the menstrual cycle. At the end of the stress period, the tethering system was removed, and the animal was returned to its regular housing. To monitor cyclicity, FSH, LH, E2, and @entity1420 were measured daily throughout the two preceding control cycles, the experimental cycle, and the two poststress cycles, whereas the adrenal endocrine axis response was monitored by measuring @entity701 . Animals remained ovulatory after the short-term stress; however, integrated @entity1420 secretion in the luteal phase (from the day of LH surge +1 to the day of menstruation -1) of the stress cycle was significantly decreased by 51.6% when the stress was initiated in the follicular phase and by 30.9% when it started in the luteal phase. Lower integrated LH levels (luteal d 5-13) accompanied the decreased @entity1420 . Cyclic parameters were still abnormal in the first poststress cycle, such as a prolonged follicular phase after a stress in the preceding follicular phase or inadequate luteal function after a stress in the preceding luteal phase. Within 4 h of the stress, there was a rapid 3-fold increase in @entity701 levels over controls. Levels decreased progressively thereafter but remained significantly higher than controls during the entire short-term stress period. They were still significantly higher in the first 2 wk after stress. Overall, the data suggest that secretory inadequacy of the corpus luteum represents a first clinical stage in the damage that stress can inflict on the normal menstrual cycle. Of interest is the observation that this limited 12-d stress, which includes a significant psychogenic component, continues to produce detrimental effects on the menstrual cycle past the period during which it is exerted. Significant decreases in integrated luteal LH values in the poststress cycle suggest that these effects may be related to continuing @entity132 .

title: Inadequate luteal function is the initial clinical cyclic defect in a 12-day stress model that includes a psychogenic component in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['disturbances in the neuroendocrine component of the reproductive axis']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cyclic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Rhesus monkey']


abstract: The pattern and distribution of @entity2521 were investigated in 162 randomly selected @entity235 available for necropsy in veterinary practice. There were 82 males and 80 females of 50 different breeds (150 @entity235 were pure-bred and 12 were mongrels, aged between 7 months and 14 yr. Presence of @entity2521 was determined by assessment of @entity604 on radiographs of the skulls and jaws. @entity2521 occurred frequently with increasing age, although the prevalence varied markedly among and within different breeds. Of the breeds most represented in the sample, @entity2521 was most frequently seen in poodles and dachshunds but was rarely recognized in German shepherd @entity235 . Regardless of age, the vast majority of the @entity235 displayed either one or both of two different radiographic patterns of @entity604 . One pattern was characterized by slight, @entity604 involving interradicular and interdental areas. The other pattern was one of predominantly crater-like, or narrow, @entity79 which, when advanced, often extended around a single root or tooth to surround the root apices. The two types of patterns did not seem to be breed-dependent. The posterior maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars were the most frequently affected teeth. @entity604 was most severe in the maxilla, while corresponding @entity604 in the mandible was more often related to increasing age.

title: Radiography of spontaneous XXXX in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['vertical bone defects']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['horizontal alveolar bone loss', 'Alveolar bone loss', 'alveolar bone loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'Periodontitis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4372 saline improves organ perfusion and @entity1 survival during @entity548 because it expands plasma volume and increases tissue oxygenation. Its beneficial results have been reported in @entity1 suffering from @entity551 during spinal anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to compare the influence between prehydration with 3% @entity4372 saline and with isotonic lactated Ringer's solution on the hemodynamic changes and serum electrolyte concentrations in @entity1 undergoing spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Sixty ASA class I @entity1 scheduled for herniorrhapy under spinal anesthesia were assigned randomly into two groups. Group 1 = @entity1 were prehydrated with isotonic lactated Ringer's solution at 7 mg/kg (n = 30); Group 2 = @entity1 were given prehydration with 3% @entity4372 saline at 7 ml/kg (n = 30). Following prehydration, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded and serum electrolyte concentrations were measured. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity551 was 17/30 (57%) in the isotonic lactated Ringer's solution group as against 7/30 (23%) in the @entity4372 saline group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups in relation to the level of anesthesia or maximal heart rate, and electrolyte imbalance did not occur in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Prior to spinal anesthesia, hydration with small amount of @entity4372 saline is effective to minimize @entity551 associated with spinal anesthesia. If so administered it would not increase bodily @entity1372 load and unlike isotonic crystalloid solution it dose not cause accumulation of water in the body on equipollent basis.

title: Intravenous pretreatment of XXXX saline can prevent systemic @entity551 induced by spinal anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic', 'Hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity4372 :: (MESH:D009122,Disease) :: ['hypertonic']


abstract: Spreading is a critical process involved in motility and growth of @entity5 cells during the metastatic cascade. Focal adhesion kinase, @entity7242 -proteins and @entity6164 have been reported to participate in the regulation of cytoskeleton organization in both normal and transformed cells during spreading. The role of other signaling enzymes such as PLD and PAP has not been studied during spreading in @entity5 cells. We now show that the spreading of @entity19 mammary adenocarcinoma @entity1 cells was significantly reduced by @entity10439 , a PLD and @entity6164 inhibitor, with a maximal inhibition of 54% (p < 0.001) in both the presence and absence of serum, as measured by phase-contrast microscopy. PMA only stimulated cell spreading over the control in the absence of serum and @entity10439 inhibition was completely reversed by PMA treatment in both conditions. PA, the product of PLD activity, stimulated @entity1 cell spreading and the same effect was observed with @entity866 . Spreading was enhanced when cells were seeded on collagen-IV- or fibronectin-coated surfaces and @entity10439 could inhibit both integrin-derived signals. Cell spreading inhibition correlated with the absence of f-actin bundles and fewer @entity2393 point contacts as determined by double immunofluorescence microscopy. In addition, @entity10439 inhibited the proliferation of @entity1 cells in the presence of serum (p < 0.01). These results suggest that @entity2393 and f-actin/point contact assembly, involved in spreading and proliferation, require the participation of PLD- @entity6164 regulatory pathways in @entity1 cells.

title: A phospholipase D and protein kinase C inhibitor blocks the spreading of @entity19 mammary adenocarcinoma cells altering f-actin and XXXX point contact distribution.

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

answer: @entity2393 :: (3688,Gene) :: ['beta1-integrin']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report an unusual case of upper airway compromise in a @entity1 with @entity2743 . We speculate that this complication may be due, in part, to poorly controlled @entity1378 . CLINICAL FEATURES: A 26-yr-old female suffering from @entity2743 underwent a total thyroidectomy. Awake fibreoptic intubation was attempted because of a large @entity5651 and orthopnea. Upper @entity4 impeded the passage of an armored 7.5 mm endotracheal tube. She was subsequently intubated awake with a regular 7.5 mm endotracheal tube under direct laryngoscopy over an Eschmann bougie. The @entity1 was extubated in the operating room over a tube exchanger. Two hours later she developed stridor and upper @entity1224 . Using direct laryngoscopy, she was reintubated with difficulty because of upper @entity4 . At this time, she manifested signs of @entity2743 which were managed medically. On postoperative day three she underwent a tracheostomy after failing a trial of extubation. The upper airway was @entity4 with minimal vocal @entity717 . On postoperative day nine the tracheostomy was downsized and the @entity1 was sent home. The vocal cords were still @entity4 with minimal movement. Three weeks later, she demonstrated normal right vocal @entity717 and weak left vocal @entity717 , and the tracheostomy was decannulated. CONCLUSIONS: Uncontrolled @entity1378 @entity1 with large goiters secondary to @entity2743 may develop @entity4 of the upper airway. A high degree of vigilance for @entity1224 is necessary, with a carefully planned approach at each stage of the @entity1 's hospital course to treat this potentially life-threatening situation.

title: Upper airway compromise secondary to @entity4 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'airway edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['cord movement']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5823 positive @entity2108 is a rare type of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), and has not been extensively described in Asian @entity1 . AIM: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors and treatment outcome of @entity5823 positive @entity706 in an Asian community. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all @entity1 with @entity5823 antigen positive @entity2108 from 1987 to 1996 in a single institution. RESULTS: Of 218 @entity1 with @entity1893 , ten (5%) were identified with @entity5823 positive @entity2108 . Eight were Chinese, two Indians. The male:female ratio was 1.5:1, and the median age was 32 years. Seven @entity1 presented with B-symptoms, and five had stage III/IV disease. The majority (seven of ten) was low- or low-intermediate risk according to the International Prognostic Index (IPI). Four out of five cases immunophenotyped showed a T-cell origin. Five out of eight @entity1 who received first-line combination chemotherapy achieved a complete remission. Two relapsed, with one being re-induced into a durable second remission. One @entity1 with recurrent @entity706 received solely radiotherapy and was disease-free at 20+ years from diagnosis. At analysis, two @entity1 had died, five were disease-free at four, 27, 78, 89 months and 20 years respectively, and three were alive with disease. The IPI appears to have prognostic significance. CONCLUSION: Incidence and clinical characteristics in our Asian @entity1 were similar to those described in Western populations. The IPI appears to have prognostic relevance. In approximately one-third of @entity1 , long term survival can be achieved with standard treatment.

title: Characteristics and prognosis of @entity5823 positive XXXX in Asians.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'cutaneous lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity2108 :: (MESH:D017728,Disease) :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Therapy for @entity1 with unresectable liver metastases from @entity0 that were refractory to multiple treatment regimens was performed using radioactive microspheres. High doses of radiation were delivered to @entity5 from these permanently implanted yttrium-90 ((90)Y) microspheres, delivered through the hepatic arterial vessels. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 from three institutions were selected for treatment, after screening that demonstrated vascular access to all @entity5 and after imaging confirmed that microspheres would be implanted only in the @entity96 . All @entity1 were followed with laboratory and imaging studies at regular intervals until @entity204 . @entity137 , both acute and late were recorded, and actuarial survival determined. RESULTS: A total of 44 @entity1 were treated from April 2002 to April 2005. Median follow-up of these @entity1 was 14 months (1-42 months). No treatment-related procedure @entity204 or radiation related @entity5501 were found. Computed tomographic imaging partial response was 47% and positron emission tomographic response 95%. CONCLUSION: In this group of heavily pretreated @entity1 , radioactive microspheres produced an encouraging median survival, with acceptable @entity137 and a significant objective response rate, suggesting that further investigation of this approach is warranted.

title: Use of yttrium-90 microspheres in the treatment of unresectable hepatic metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive liver failures']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: These studies define the site and mechanisms of reproductive @entity137 of @entity17884 (EGME) in a nongravid female animal model using in vivo and in vitro methods. In vivo studies assessed vaginal cytology and histology, ovarian histology, and serum hormones in 80- to 90-day-old, adult, regularly cycling, female @entity35 treated daily with EGME or vehicle by oral gavage. Dose-response and time-course studies (four to nine @entity35 per group per treatment) determined that 300 mg/kg EGME suppressed cyclicity without systemic @entity137 within 3 to 8 days, and doses less than 100 mg/kg had no effect. Pathogenesis studies (six to nine @entity35 per time and treatment) determined that 300 mg/kg EGME elevated serum @entity1420 within 32 hr after dosing, while serum @entity53 , FSH, LH, and prolactin remained at baseline levels. In EGME-treated @entity35 , cyclicity was suppressed, ovulation was inhibited, and corpora lutea were @entity1184 . Thus, EGME appeared to target the ovarian luteal cell. To further examine the @entity137 in vitro, luteal cells were recovered from 23-day-old, hCG-primed @entity35 and treated with 0-10 mM @entity25786 ( @entity11596 ), the proximate toxic metabolite of EGME. @entity11596 (1-10 mM) maintained elevated @entity1420 levels as production declined in untreated cells at 24 and 48 hr of culture. @entity1420 production was maintained independent of LH-stimulated @entity268 levels. @entity11596 decreased @entity855 , but only at 48 hr and at 2.5 mM or greater concentrations. Thus, these studies establish that the ovarian luteal cell is a target of EGME and @entity11596 in vivo and in vitro and that the effect on luteal cell @entity1420 production is likely independent of LH-stimulated @entity268 pathways.

title: Ovarian luteal cell @entity137 of @entity17884 and XXXX in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity25786 :: ('MESH:C013598', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxy acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity17884 :: ('MESH:C005219', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol monomethyl ether']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity25786 :: (MESH:C013598,Chemical) :: ['methoxy acetic acid']


abstract: Over the course of a decade in Victoria, Australia, this study considered how, for whom, under what circumstances, and with what consequences for a @entity1 's treatment career involuntary outpatient commitment was used to prevent @entity146 hospitalization. Records were obtained from the Victorian Psychiatric Case Register for @entity1 with career hospitalizations, 8,879 exposed to outpatient orders. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to determine the characteristics of @entity1 solely selected for placement on orders directly from the community, in lieu of re-hospitalization, versus @entity1 selected for placement on orders only from the hospital or for those who experienced both hospital and community-initiated orders. Ordinary least squares regression was used to evaluate the relationship of sole reliance on community-initiated orders and experienced changes in future hospital utilization. Outpatient orders were infrequently issued directly from the community by comparison with orders issued at termination of inpatient episodes. @entity1 whose placements on orders were carried out only through direct community placement differed from those whose placement was primarily initiated from hospital or from both hospital and community. The former group, while largely comprised of @entity1 with @entity161 , was less likely to include such @entity1 than the comparison samples. It also included fewer males and "never married" individuals as well as more individuals with major @entity1316 . Those served solely with community-initiated orders showed significantly less use of subsequent inpatient care than individuals in the comparison samples, all other diagnostic and pre-morbid adjustment characteristics taken into account. For @entity1 at risk of beginning a career of long-term @entity146 hospitalization, sole reliance on community-initiated orders appeared to prevent additional hospital involvement. The issuance of orders from hospital and the combined-order strategy were associated with protective oversight throughout extended inpatient careers. Sole reliance on community-initiated outpatient orders provided a "least restrictive" alternative to hospitalization.

title: Preventing XXXX hospitalization and involuntary outpatient commitment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: The basal ganglia, a group of nuclei, are associated with a variety of functions, including motor control. The striatum, which is the major input station of the basal ganglia in the brain, is regulated in part by dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra. The striatum is made up 96% of medium spiny neurons which are GABAergic cells. GABAergic cells are known to contain DA receptors which divide into two main branches- the @entity37746 ( @entity37746 )-expressing direct pathway and the @entity9767 ( @entity9767 )-expressing indirect pathway. The role of these two efferent pathways has not been clear in control of motor behaviors. To establish the influence of the different DA subtypes on GABAergic systems in the striatum, D1 selective receptor agonist ( @entity2344 ) and D2 selective receptor agonist ( @entity11640 ) were administered to @entity19 . @entity2344 and @entity11640 were administered intraperitoneally in a volume of 0, 1, 5, 10 (mg/kg) and motor activity was assessed for 60 min immediately after the injection of DA agonists. @entity19 were sacrificed after behavioral test and the striatum in the brain were dissected for analysis of @entity1246 level with HPLC. Both @entity2344 and @entity11640 dose-dependently increased locomotor activity but, @entity1246 level in the striatum was clearly different in two agonists. These findings provide insight into the selective contributions of the direct and indirect pathways to striatal GABAergic motor behaviors.

title: Differential DAergic Control of @entity37746 Agonist Over Locomotor Activity and XXXX Level in the Striatum.

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole', 'Quinpirole']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the predictive value of selected clinical and histopathological factors as well as the immunohistochemical expression of @entity876 and @entity588 proteins in the prediction of the pathological response to preoperative chemotherapy in @entity1721 . Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity957 of the thoracic esophagus (T2-4 N0-1 M0), who underwent one cycle of @entity900 and @entity1487 therapy followed by subtotal esophagectomy, were studied. All clinical factors ( @entity5 longitudinal diameter in a computed tomographic scan, invasion depth, the presence of lymph node @entity3 and clinical @entity5 staging) were evaluated before the onset of the therapy. The histopathological features (grade of differentiation, degree of keratinization, nuclear polymorphism, mitotic index, pattern of @entity3 and inflammatory response), and the expression of @entity876 and @entity588 proteins were also estimated in prechemotherapy endoscopic biopsy specimens. Pathological response to chemotherapy was assessed in surgically resected specimens. Of 34 @entity1 , two (5.9%) showed complete response (CR), six @entity1 (17.6%) exhibited major histological changes (partial response 1; @entity6972 ), 24 (70.6%) showed minor histological changes (partial response 2; PR2), and two @entity1 (5.9%) exhibited no response to chemotherapy (stable disease; @entity168 ). There were no significant relationships between the response to preoperative chemotherapy (CR + @entity6972 vs. PR2 + @entity168 ) and the majority of the clinical and all the histopathological features. Deeper @entity3 before chemotherapy was the only factor that tended to worsen the therapy effect (p < 0.01). The pathological response to treatment had no significant associations with the expression of @entity876 and @entity588 proteins in @entity1721 . It should be noted, however, that both @entity1 in CR were @entity876 and @entity588 protein-negative.

title: Assessment of the predictive value of clinical and histopathological factors as well as the immunoexpression of XXXX and @entity588 proteins in response to preoperative chemotherapy for @entity1721 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['advanced squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'cancer invasion']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Families associated with missense mutations in the @entity17870 ( @entity17870 ) present with a rare @entity74 of @entity747 ( @entity747 ), @entity121 ( @entity121 ), and @entity4261 ( @entity4261 ), referred to as @entity17251 . METHODS: We used exon-based genomic DNA sequencing to test for @entity17870 mutations in 123 unrelated Belgian @entity1 with @entity747 and their relatives, and the absence of such mutations in 157 control individuals. We analyzed haplotype sharing among mutation carriers by genotyping 8 microsatellite markers in the @entity17870 locus. We obtained family history and clinical and pathologic data using established diagnostic instruments. RESULTS: Mutation analysis of @entity17870 identified 2 Belgian @entity1 with @entity747 carrying the @entity55676 mutation, which segregated in their families. In one family, @entity1 presented with @entity747 only, whereas in the other family, @entity1 developed @entity747 , @entity4261 , or both without signs of @entity121 for any of the mutation carriers. We had previously identified @entity55676 in an Austrian family with @entity1 exhibiting both @entity121 and @entity4261 . Haplotype sharing analysis indicated that the 3 @entity55676 families are unrelated. Clinical follow-up of the Austrian family identified @entity303 symptoms in 1 @entity1 . Autopsy data of 3 @entity1 of the 2 Belgian families revealed @entity747 pathology with numerous ubiquitin-immunoreactive, intranuclear inclusions and @entity3986 staining positive for @entity529 protein. CONCLUSIONS: In 3 unrelated families with @entity17251 segregating @entity17870 @entity55676 , we observed a high degree of clinical heterogeneity and variable penetrance of the 3 cardinal clinical phenotypes: @entity121 , @entity4261 , and @entity747 . In contrast, the neuropathologic phenotype was consistent with @entity747 .

title: Clinical heterogeneity in 3 unrelated families linked to @entity17870 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic neurites']

entities_list: @entity55676 :: ('p|SUB|R|159|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Arg159His']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ['Paget disease of bone', 'PDB']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration', 'FTLD-TDP type 4', 'FTLD']

entities_list: @entity17870 :: ('7415', 'Gene') :: ['valosin-containing protein', 'VCP']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant multisystem disorder']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['inclusion body myopathy', 'IBM']

answer: @entity55676 :: (p|SUB|R|159|H,ProteinMutation) :: ['p.Arg159His']