abstract: Invasive @entity66 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to establish the serotypes responsible for @entity66 and the serotypes responsible for @entity114 resistance in Noumea, New Caledonia. Isolates of @entity328 from all body sites referred to the Microbiology Department of the Pasteur Institute in New Caledonia between May 1999 and May 2001 had serotyping and susceptibility testing performed. Basic demographic data on @entity1 were also collected. A total of 298 isolates were included in the study. The most common serotypes were types 1 (20%), 23F (10%), 12F (8%), 19F (8%), and 6B (5%). The serotype distribution differed significantly with age, site of collection, and ethnicity. Overall, 280 of 298 (94%) of the isolates had serogroups that are included in the 23-valent vaccine. However, only 14 of 20 (70%) of the isolates associated with invasive disease from @entity1 younger than 5 years of age and 26 of 113 (23%) of invasive isolates from @entity1 more than 5 years of age were included in the new 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Overall, reduced susceptibility to @entity114 was found in 43 of 298 (14.4%) of the isolates, with 13% falling into the intermediate resistance category and only 5 (2%) being high-level resistant. A higher prevalence of @entity114 resistance occurred in younger age groups and in European @entity1 and involved specifically certain serotypes. The 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine has potential benefit for the New Caledonian population under 5 years of age and should be considered for future vaccines schedules.

title: Distribution of @entity328 serotypes responsible for XXXX resistance and the potential role of new conjugate vaccines in New Caledonia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

answer: @entity114 :: (MESH:D010406,Chemical) :: ['penicillin']


abstract: In the interval between 1983 and 1988, 14 @entity1 were treated for pyogenic @entity1511 complicated by neurologic compromise. There were nine males and five females aged 39-80 years. The average time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 2.8 months. Predisposing factors were @entity6 in four @entity1 and @entity293 in five @entity1 . The @entity281 was blood borne in all 14 @entity1 . In two @entity1 , the @entity281 was superimposed on a recent @entity174 . The cervical spine was involved in one @entity1 ; the thoracic spine in seven; and the lumbar spine in six @entity1 . Six @entity1 presented with a Frankel B @entity912 , six with a Frankel C @entity912 , and two with grade D @entity912 . The neurologic symptoms lasted between one day and six weeks before surgery. Twelve @entity1 had anterolateral decompression. Two of the 12 @entity1 had a second stage posterior stabilization. Two @entity1 were deemed inoperable. All surviving @entity1 were managed by parenteral antibiotics for three to six weeks followed by enteral route for a total of three to six months. All 12 operated @entity1 had a significant neurologic improvement (one grade or more on the Frankel scale) with solid interbody fusion.

title: Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis with XXXX . Prognosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To research the operative method and the clinical efficacy of repairing and reconstructing tendon and ligament with allograft tendon. METHODS: From September 2000 to May 2007, 164 cases with tendon and @entity130 were treated, including 116 males and 48 females aged 21-47 years old (average 31.5 years old). There were 126 cases of @entity130 , 18 cases of @entity3029 , 10 cases of old dislocation of @entity135 , 4 cases of @entity397 , 2 cases of tibialis anterior @entity121 , 2 cases of @entity397 , and 2 cases of @entity397 . Time interval between injury and hospital admission was 4-345 days (average 75 days). Allograft tendon 10-26 cm in length with suture anchor or absorbable interference screw was used to reconstruct the ligament and tendon. RESULTS: All wounds healed by first intention, except one case of @entity397 . All @entity1 were followed for 10-36 months (average 21 months). The international knee documentation committee and the Lysholm score of @entity1 with @entity130 12 months after operation were significantly higher than that of before operation (P < 0.01). According to the Lazzcano and Karlsson score standard, 13 cases of @entity3029 at 10-12 months after operation were graded as excellent and 5 cases were good. According to Arner Lindholm score standard, 3 cases of @entity397 at 8-16 months after operation were graded as excellent and 1 case was good. For the @entity1 with tibialis anterior @entity121 , at 10-17 months after operation, the limitation of dorsal extension in ankle joint was 5 degrees, and the muscle strength in the anterior tibialis muscle was decreased. For the @entity1 with @entity397 , one completely restored the motion range of the knee joint 14 months after operation, the other had knee extension limitation of 10 degrees at 13 months after operation. For the @entity1 with @entity397 , one had 15 degrees of extension limitation at 18 months after operation, the other suffered limitation of both extension and genuflex at 12 months after operation. According to the Broberg-Morrey score standard, 7 cases with old dislocation of @entity135 were graded as excellent and 3 cases were good at 3-36 months after operation. CONCLUSION: Allograft tendon is a good material for repairing and reconstructing tendon and @entity130 , but attention should be paid to postoperatively early exercise under appropriate protection and early management of local rejection.

title: [Clinical analysis of treating 164 cases of tendon and XXXX with allograft tendon].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['radial head']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendon rupture', 'patellar tendon rupture', 'rectus femoris rupture']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle rupture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['anterior cruciate ligament injury', 'ligament injuries']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['complete acromioclavicular dislocation']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injuries']


abstract: A longitudinal study was performed on 118 first-ever @entity64 @entity1 to evaluate neurophysiological measurements of @entity713 ( @entity713 ) in the period immediately following @entity64 as predictors of functional outcome and mortality at 12 months. Measurements of @entity713 were made as described in the accompanying article (Heald et al., 1993, Brain, 116, 1355-1370), in which the following three groups of @entity1 were recognized within 12-72 h after the onset of symptoms: normal response group, delayed response group and no response group. Neurophysiological and clinical investigations were commenced 12-72 h (designated as day 1) after the onset of symptoms and repeated at set time intervals up to 12 months. The subjects were examined neurologically and assessed using the Motricity Index for muscle strength, the Nine-hole Peg Test to measure manual dexterity, the Barthel Score for activities of daily living and the modified Rankin Scale for functional outcome. The duration of stay in hospital and the occurrence of @entity64 -related @entity204 were noted. During the first week following @entity64 , absence of responses correlated closely with the @entity1 's symptoms and neurological observations of abnormal muscle tone and tendon reflexes. Correlations were made in the three groups of @entity1 of functional scores at day 1 and at 12 months. @entity1 with normal @entity713 had consistently higher scores throughout the 12 month period and achieved significantly better functional recovery. @entity1 with no responses showed poor performance in neurological and functional tests throughout the 12 month period. @entity1 with delayed @entity713 had neurological and functional scores intermediate between those of the other two groups, but outcome at 12 months was similar to those in the normal response group. Where the threshold to cortical stimulation was abnormally high, functional outcome was generally poor. Mortality was highest in the group with absent responses and the survivors spent the longest period in hospital. In conclusion, the observation of normal or delayed @entity713 at day 1 identifies a group of @entity1 with a high probability of survival and functional recovery. The absence of responses to cortical stimulation at day 1 identifies a group of @entity1 who are at high risk of poor functional recovery at 12 months and greater probability of @entity64 -related @entity204 during this period.

title: Longitudinal study of XXXX following @entity64 . 2. Central motor conduction measured within 72 h after @entity64 as a predictor of functional outcome at 12 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['CMCT', 'central motor conduction time']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['central motor conduction time']


abstract: The frequency incidence of generalised @entity59418 is about 1 to billion of @entity1 . There are only 4 reported cases of this atavism in Poland from Middle Ages. Authors describe 8-months-old @entity1 covered (from birth) with dark, delicate hair. The length of the hair ranged from a few millimetres on the abdominal region to 5 cm on the back and extremities and 20 cm on head. Eyelids, sub orbital regions, ridge and tip of the nose, palms, feet, palmar and lateral surfaces of fingers and distal phalanxes were hairless. Especially long hair covered pre-temporal and pre-auricular regions, shoulders, spine and extremities. Eyebrows were dense and concrescent. Nasal alae and holes were covered with lanugo. Ears were covered with long and auditory canals with short hair. The face was characterised by @entity5766 , wide nose with horizontal nasal holes. Hormonal metabolism was normal. There was no sign of dentition. Skeletal age was 2 months and psychomotor development--3 months delayed. Upon the basis of above-mentioned features the @entity59418 , which occurred due to a mutation, was diagnosed. It is probably the tenth case described since Middle Ages.

title: [ @entity59418 --a form of generalised XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

entities_list: @entity59418 :: ('MESH:C536605', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypertrichosis', 'Ambras syndrome']

answer: @entity59418 :: (MESH:C536605,Disease) :: ['congenital hypertrichosis']


abstract: Although it is generally recognized that some @entity61055 may show appreciable mitotic activity, there are few reports of its quantitative analysis in specific @entity5 types or of its correlation with clinical behavior. The presence of a large number of mitoses in a @entity5 for which the histologic criteria of @entity5 are not well defined, particularly in association with nuclear abnormalities, may produce a considerable diagnostic challenge. We recently encountered such a problem in a putative case of @entity13152 . Therefore, we have undertaken a retrospective clinicopathologic study of 19 cases originally diagnosed as @entity13152 or probable @entity13152 , with a particular emphasis on the relationship of the mitotic index to clinical behavior. The age range of the cases was 41 to 92 years (mean 56.8 years). In all cases in which the margins could be evaluated, the @entity5 were well circumscribed (15/15), but in 4 cases circumscription could not be assessed because the specimen was fragmented. All showed focal mild nuclear pleomorphism. Mitoses were present in both epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The mitotic index varied from 0 to 5.3 mitoses/mm2 (0 to 13 mitoses per 10 high power fields (hpf); 1 hpf=0.246 mm2), with a mean of 2.4/mm2 (6/10 hpf) and a median of 0.8/mm2 (2/10 hpf). No atypical mitoses were identified. The proliferative fraction ( @entity1758 index) correlated with the mitotic index (correlation coefficient 0.94; P<0.0001) and varied from 1% to 10.5% (mean 3.9%, median 3.0%). There were no recurrences or @entity3 over a mean period of 8 years. Consequently, we have shown that the mitotic index in these lesions can be variable and often high, but it does not predict a more aggressive outcome.

title: Mitotic count is not predictive of clinical behavior in XXXX of the vulva: a clinicopathologic study of 19 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'sweat gland tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity13152 :: ('MESH:D018250', 'Disease') :: ['hidradenoma papilliferum']

entities_list: @entity61055 :: ('MESH:D013544', 'Disease') :: ['benign sweat gland neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity13152 :: (MESH:D018250,Disease) :: ['hidradenoma papilliferum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has been shown to induce regression of @entity82 in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and improve myocardial function. The mechanism of reverse remodeling after @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ), however, has not been fully characterized. In this study we examined the anti-fibrotic effects of decorin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycan, on the @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) pathway. METHODS: @entity1 myocardial tissue samples were obtained from @entity1 undergoing LVAD implantation and again following subsequent transplantation after a sustained period of @entity1457 . The specimens were examined by utilizing different molecular and histologic techniques, including @entity1 cardiac fibroblast in vitro studies. We assessed gene expression, mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS: We found a significant decrease in @entity82 after @entity1457 , with a decrease in collagen mRNA transcription rates, serving as an indirect measurement of collagen synthesis. Both the mRNA and protein levels of decorin were significantly increased after a period of @entity1457 . Decorin mRNA was up-regulated by 44% after @entity1457 (p < 0.01), which paralleled the increase in interstitial decorin deposition (p < 0.001). In addition, p-SMAD2, a molecular marker downstream of the @entity2533 pathway, was found to be inactivated after @entity1457 (p < 0.02). Moreover, cultured @entity1 cardiac fibroblasts exposed to @entity2533 demonstrated decreased collagen production when exogenous decorin was added (p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The decorin molecule is potentially involved in reverse cardiac remodeling, by directly inhibiting the @entity2533 pathway and its pro-fibrotic effects on the failing @entity1 heart.

title: Decorin-mediated XXXX inhibition ameliorates adverse cardiac remodeling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical circulatory support', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-beta']


abstract: @entity1 on @entity205 (CsA) often develop hyperuricaemia and @entity210 . In transplant @entity1 the use of uricosuric drugs for treating hyperuricaemia may be preferable to @entity208 because of the known interaction of the latter with @entity500 . We therefore prospectively studied the uricosuric efficacy of 100 mg @entity11368 (Bbr;Desuric) daily in 25 CsA-treated renal transplant @entity1 with stable graft function and hyperuricaemia (> 359 mumol/l for females, > 491 mumol/l for males). @entity11368 decreased plasma @entity414 from 579 + 18 mumol/l to 313 +/- 24 mumol/l (mean +/- SEM; P < 0.0001) and thereby normalized plasma @entity414 in 21 of 25 @entity1 . The remaining four @entity1 had @entity1011 clearances between 21 and 25 ml/min, the lowest of the entire study group. Mean fractional clearance of @entity414 increased from 5.4 +/- 0.4% to 17.2 +/- 1.0% (P < 0.001). The relative decrease of plasma @entity414 closely correlated with baseline @entity1011 clearance (r = 0.67; P < 0.001). CsA trough values were not influenced. None of the @entity1 experienced any significant side-effects. As an unexpected find-ing, urinary @entity414 excretion increased from 2082 +/- 175 mumol/24 h to 3233 +/- 232 mumol/24 h after 4 weeks' treatment with @entity11368 . In conclusion, @entity11368 normalized plasma @entity414 in all CsA-treated renal transplant recipients with a @entity1011 clearance > 25 ml/min. Due to its excellent efficacy and lack of significant side-effects, @entity11368 appears to be preferable to @entity208 in CsA-treated renal transplant recipients with a @entity1011 clearance over 25 ml/min.

title: Excellent uricosuric efficacy of @entity11368 in XXXX -A-treated renal transplant @entity1 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity11368 :: ('MESH:D001553', 'Chemical') :: ['benzbromarone', 'Benzbromarone']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The expression of @entity25758 ( @entity25759 ) was upregulated in @entity14 cases, thereby contributing to the @entity146 phenotypes of @entity14 cells. However, we still cannot decipher the underlying molecular mechanism associated with @entity14 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In this study, IHC was performed to investigate the expression of proteins in @entity1 @entity14 tissues. Western blot analysis was used to assess the @entity25759 -induced signal pathway. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis was performed to screen @entity25759 -modulated proteins and uncover the molecular mechanism of @entity25759 . @entity2533 was used to induce an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). RESULTS: @entity25759 expression was correlated with the mesenchymal marker vimentin and was inversely correlated with epithelial markers, namely, @entity5962 and @entity3546 , in clinical @entity14 samples. The gain- and loss-of-function assay showed that @entity25759 induces EMT-like phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. S100A4, identified as a @entity25759 -modulated protein, was upregulated by @entity25759 . Moreover, it is frequently coexpressed with @entity25759 in @entity14 . S100A4 was required for EMT, and an increased cell invasiveness of @entity14 cell is induced by @entity25759 . Furthermore, the stimulation of @entity2533 resulted in an activated Smad pathway that increased the expression of @entity25759 and S100A4. The depletion of @entity25759 or S100A4 expression inhibited the @entity2533 signaling pathway. Moreover, it significantly weakened the proinvasive effects of @entity2533 on @entity14 cells. CONCLUSION: These findings elucidate the central role of @entity25759 in the @entity2533 -mediated EMT process and suggest a potential target for the clinical intervention in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 . Clin Cancer Res; 1-13.   2014 AACR.

title: @entity25758 Induces @entity2533 -Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in XXXX @entity14 by Regulating S100A4 Expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of contrast-enhanced MR mammography in @entity1 with @entity0 . A total of 190 @entity1 with @entity0 (37 noninvasive @entity189 , 153 invasive @entity189 ) underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MR mammography preoperatively. Using 1.5-T unit, T1-weighted sequences (2D FLASH) were obtained repeatedly one time before and five times after IV administration of 0.1 mmol @entity7241 per kilogram body weight. The findings on MR imaging were correlated with histopathologically defined prognostic factors (histological type, @entity5 size, @entity5 grading, @entity3 in lymph nodes). In addition, immunohistochemically defined prognostic factors (c-erbB-1, @entity1722 , @entity876 , Ki-67) were correlated with the signal increase on MR mammogram in 40 @entity1 . There was no significant correlation between the findings on MR mammography and the @entity189 , the grading, and the lymphonodular status. @entity189 showed a higher rate of moderate (38 %) or low (27 %) enhancement on MR imaging than invasive @entity189 (6 and 3 %). The results on MR mammography and the results of immunohistochemical stainings did not correlate significantly. @entity189 showed significantly lower @entity189 . However, the signal behavior of contrast-enhanced MR mammography is not related to established histopathological prognostic parameters as subtyping, grading, nodal status, and the expression of certain oncogenes/ @entity5 suppressor genes.

title: Prognostic value of contrast-enhanced MR mammography in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['histopathological type of carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'Noninvasive carcinomas', 'enhancement than invasive carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadopentetate-dimeglumine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The need to overcome pesticide resistance has led to the development of novel insecticides such as @entity39055 (CAP), an anthranilic @entity13131 . @entity952 @entity460 homeostasis in nerve and muscle cells and is used in several agricultural crops due to its potency and selectivity. However, chronic @entity137 data for aquatic invertebrates are limited. Our objective was to evaluate the @entity137 of CAP at different levels of biological organization using Chironomus riparius. Organismal endpoints (survival, larval growth and emergence), and 5 biomarkers associated with important physiological functions (acetylcholinesterase - @entity10810 ; catalase - @entity2196 ; @entity2041 -S-transferase - GST; total @entity2041 - TG; and lipid peroxidation - LPO) were investigated. Effects of CAP on cellular energy allocation (CEA) were also assessed. Acute tests revealed a 48h LC50 for C. riparius of 77.5 g/L and life-cycle tests revealed a chronic LOEC of 3.1 g/L based on effects on C. riparius larval growth and emergence. C. riparius females exposed as larvae to low concentrations of CAP emerged at a smaller size which might also translate into effects on reproduction. Chironomid larvae were not under oxidative stress, since short exposures to CAP did not affect LPO levels, despite the significant inhibition of GST (0.6-9.6 g/L) and @entity2196 (9.6 g/L). It seems that detoxification of reactive intermediates and ROS is still achieved due to @entity2041 consumption, since TG levels were significantly decreased in organisms exposed to CAP (0.6-9.6 g/L). Moreover, it was observed that CEA was disturbed due to increased activity of the electron transport system (ETS), suggesting extra energy expenditure in larvae. These results show that environmental concentrations of CAP can impair the fitness of C. riparius natural populations and at the same time that chironomids, as for most insecticides, are suitable test organisms to evaluate the organismal and biochemical effects of anthranilic diamides.

title: Life history and biochemical effects of XXXX on Chironomus riparius.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity39055 :: ('MESH:C517733', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorantraniliprole']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['CAP disrupts']

answer: @entity39055 :: (MESH:C517733,Chemical) :: ['chlorantraniliprole']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: @entity2232 is a strong endogenous vasoconstrictor and is also an agent reducing the ocular blood flow. @entity1 with @entity6391 are known to have reduced ocular blood flow. This can be secondary to @entity2479 , but may also partially result from an additional condition, such as a @entity751 . The aim of the study was to investigate whether the @entity2232 plasma levels in @entity6391 @entity1 with and without @entity751 are different. @entity1 and Methods: In the study we included @entity1 with clinical signs and symptoms of @entity6391 , confirmed by electrophysiological findings. Blood samples were obtained from 6 @entity6391 @entity1 with and 4 without @entity751 . The results were related to 30 age- and sex-matched control subjects. @entity2232 plasma levels were determined by specific radioimmunoassay. Results: The @entity2232 plasma levels in @entity6391 @entity1 with @entity751 were significantly higher than those without @entity751 . The mean (     SD) @entity2232 levels (pg/mL) in @entity6391 @entity1 with @entity751 were 4.95 (     1.74), range: (2.37-6.76), whereas in @entity1 without @entity751 they were 1.10 (     0.08), range: 1.00-1.20. Our own normal values are: 1.56 (     0.30), range: (0.90-2.13). All @entity6391 @entity1 with increased @entity2232 plasma levels had signs and symptoms related to a @entity751 , such as cold extremities, low blood pressure, reduced feeling of thirst, increased sensitivity in general, e.g., increased sensitivity to certain drugs, increased @entity158 sensitivity and increased sense of smell. Conclusion: @entity2232 plasma levels were @entity6391 @entity1 with but not in @entity1 without @entity751 . Many questions remain open: Why so many @entity6391 @entity1 suffer from @entity751 , why is the @entity2232 level in such @entity1 higher than in healthy subjects with @entity751 , how much of the ocular blood flow reduction is due to @entity2000 and how much to the @entity751 ? We hypothesise that @entity751 leads to an additional increase of the @entity2232 level and an additional decrease of ocular blood flow in @entity6391 @entity1 . Further studies are needed to analyse the causal relationship between @entity6391 and @entity751 and evaluate potential therapeutic implications.

title: @entity2232 Plasma Levels in @entity1 with both XXXX and Flammer Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'increased in retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Flammer syndrome']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['Retinitis Pigmentosa']


abstract: @entity1085 associated with @entity652 and @entity420 is presented herein. A 70-year-old male @entity1 with general malaise was admitted to our hospital during the follow-up of an elevated @entity3137 in the fundus of the gallbladder. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a @entity5409 adjacent to the @entity75 , and interruption of the hyperechoic third layer of the gallbladder wall next to the gallbladder bed of the liver. He was diagnosed as having an @entity1085 associated with @entity1086 that directly invaded the gallbladder bed. He underwent resection of the gallbladder with partial resection of the liver and regional lymph node dissection. The resected specimen, which showed @entity45 with septum formation, measured 1.9 cm in size and was located in the subserosal layer of the gallbladder wall. The wall of the cyst was lined with columnar epithelium and @entity652 , and @entity420 was scattered in some portions of the cyst wall. Furthermore, @entity652 associated with @entity420 was independently identified in the luminal surface of the gallbladder epithelium covering the cysts. These histological findings were compatible with @entity1085 associated with @entity652 and @entity420 . The @entity5 was diagnosed as T1bN0M0, stage I, in the @entity2802 clinical classification. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an @entity1085 associated with @entity652 and @entity420 , and provides some insight into the relationship between epithelial cyst and @entity652 or @entity7157 of the gallbladder.

title: @entity1085 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cyst of the gallbladder', 'Epithelial cyst of the gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['elevated lesion']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cysts']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenoma', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesion']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The increase in inflammatory activity associated with aging is a characteristic of @entity102 processes that accounts for most of the mortality in the elderly. @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ) has been shown to promote metabolic and functional benefits in this population. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between long-term @entity3013 and circulating levels of the proinflammatory mediators @entity650 , @entity310 and @entity379 in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 54 older outpatients divided into a group that underwent @entity3013 (n = 28) for an average of 8.6    0.3 months and a sedentary group (n = 26). Measurements were taken only at the end of the intervention, and cytokine values were log-transformed. Dietary intake was controlled as a confounding factor. RESULTS: The @entity3013 group presented reduced levels of log      @entity379 (approx. 45%; p = 0.003), log      @entity650 (approx. 30%; p = 0.002) and log      @entity310 (approx. 22%; p = 0.036). Total caloric intake and systolic arterial blood pressure were significantly lower in the @entity3013 group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.022, respectively). Pearson's product moment correlation test revealed a negative association between the @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) index and log-transformed @entity650 levels (p = 0.03; n = 54) and a trend towards significance for the correlation between the @entity1386 index and log      @entity379 (p = 0.05; n = 54). CONCLUSION: Long-term, moderate-intensity @entity3013 in elderly @entity1 is associated with lower circulating levels of cytokines that are potentially implicated in disorders associated with physical inactivity and aging.

title: Long-term resistance training is associated with reduced circulating levels of @entity650 , @entity379 and @entity310 in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'Resistance training']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fat-free mass', 'FFM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The aim was to investigate the distribution of @entity19543 (+), @entity18030 (+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte subpopulations and @entity18495 expressing cells in the sow endometrium following pre-ovulatory insemination and during early pregnancy. Crossbred multiparous sows (Swedish Landrace x Swedish Yorkshire) were inseminated once at 15-20 h before ovulation. The sows were slaughtered at 5-6h (group I, n=4) after AI or at 20-25 h (group II, n=4) and 70 h (group III, n=4) after ovulation, day 11 (group IV, day 1=first day of standing oestrus, n=3) and day 19 (group V, n=3). Uterine horns were flushed to control for the presence of @entity12179 and neutrophils (groups I-IV) and/or for recovery of oocytes and/or embryos (groups II-IV, control of pregnancy). Cryofixed mesometrial uterine samples were analysed by immunohistochemistry with an avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase method using monoclonal antibodies to lymphocyte subpopulations and @entity18495 molecules. The @entity11644 ( @entity11644 ) and glandular (GE) epithelia as well as connective tissue layers in subepithelial (SL) and glandular (GL) areas were examined by light microscopy. Taking all groups and different tissue layers together, the most commonly observed positive cells were @entity19543 (+) cells (P</=0.001). The largest number of @entity19543 (+) cells within the @entity11644 was observed in groups I and II, and the smallest number in group V. In the @entity11644 and GE, more CD8(+) (T cytotoxic) cells were observed than @entity18030 (+) (T helper) cells. In the SL and GL, the largest numbers of @entity19543 (+), @entity18030 (+) and CD8(+) cells were found in group V. Taking all groups together, a larger number of @entity18030 (+) cells compared with CD8(+) cells were found. For the proportion of ( @entity18030 (+)+CD8(+))/ @entity19543 (+) cells, there were significantly (P</=0.001) lower proportions in the @entity11644 and GE than in the SL and GL. A larger number of @entity18495 expressing cells in the @entity11644 was observed in groups I, II and III compared with the other groups. In the SL, a larger number of @entity18495 expressing cells was observed in groups II and V compared with the other groups. In conclusion, the immunomodulation illustrated by the distribution of @entity19543 (+), @entity18030 (+), CD8(+) and @entity18495 expressing cells at the attachment sites on day 19, i.e. the low numbers in the @entity11644 epithelium and the high numbers in the subepithelial layer, shows that the porcine trophoblast may influence the endometrium to develop the conditions required for embryonic attachment and survival in @entity1707 .

title: Influence of pre-ovulatory insemination and early pregnancy on the distribution of @entity19543 , @entity18030 , CD8 and XXXX expressing cells in the sow endometrium.

entities_list: @entity12179 :: ('OMIM:102530', 'Disease') :: ['spermatozoa']

answer: @entity18495 :: (100153386(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['MHC class II']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) is a phytohormone involved in pivotal physiological functions in higher plants. Recently, @entity2272 proved to be secreted and active also in mammals, where it stimulates the activity of innate immune cells, of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells and of insulin-releasing pancreatic b-cells through a signaling pathway involving the second messenger @entity19396 ( @entity19396 ). In addition to behaving as an animal hormone, @entity2272 holds promise also as nutraceutical plant-derived compound in @entity1 . Many biological functions of @entity2272 in mammals are mediated by its binding to the @entity60540 receptor protein. A putative binding of @entity2272 to @entity1477 , a key regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, has been also proposed. Here we investigated the role of exogenous @entity2272 in modulating thrombopoiesis, the process of platelet generation. Our results demonstrate that expression of both @entity60540 and @entity1477 is up-regulated during hematopoietic stem cell differentiation into mature megakaryocytes (Mks). Functional @entity2272 receptors exist in mature Mks, because @entity2272 induces intracellular @entity141 increase ([ @entity141 ]i) through protein kinase A (PKA) activation and subsequent @entity19396 generation. In vitro exposure of @entity1 or @entity19 hematopoietic progenitor cells to 10  M @entity2272 does not increase recombinant @entity19181 (rTpo)-dependent Mk differentiation or platelet release. However, in conditions of cell stress induced by rTpo and serum deprivation, @entity2272 stimulates, in a PKA- and @entity19396 -dependent fashion, the Mitogen Activated Kinase @entity1366 , resulting in the modulation of @entity706 2 ( @entity588 ) family members, increased Mk survival and higher rates of platelets production. In conclusion, we demonstrate that @entity2272 is a pro-survival factor for Mks in a Tpo independent manner.

title: The Plant Hormone @entity2271 is a Pro-Survival Factor in @entity1 and XXXX Megakaryocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['Abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity19396 :: ('MESH:D036563', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic ADP-ribose', 'cADPR']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: To update our experience with palliative surgical procedures in unresectable @entity420 , the records of 297 @entity1 surgically treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center were reviewed. Between October 1983 and November 1989, 117 @entity1 underwent exploratory laparotomy as a single procedure: 24 @entity1 had gastric bypass, 38 biliary bypass, and 118 both gastric and biliary bypass. The postoperative in-hospital mortality rate was 4.4 per cent. Overall morbidity was 29.7 per cent; the morbidity rate in @entity1 with a double bypass was 29.7 per cent. Median (s.e.m.) survival was 231(20.3) days. Statistical analysis showed a significantly increased risk of morbidity in @entity1 who underwent one therapeutic and one prophylactic bypass. Survival was decreased in @entity1 who had a therapeutic gastric bypass (median(s.e.m.) survival 136(70.2) days) or a combination of two therapeutic bypasses (median(s.e.m.) survival 93(85.9) days). These data emphasize the poor prognosis of @entity1 with @entity788 who cannot be resected. The need for therapeutic double bypass is a bad prognostic indicator, and a prophylactic bypass added to a therapeutic bypass increases morbidity without prolonging survival.

title: Evaluation of palliative surgical procedures in unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different conditions are associated with a prolonged @entity3883 in the neonatal period: @entity99 , @entity2876 and choledocal cyst are the most frequent causes. Laboratory findings are necessary, although they do not permit an etiologic diagnosis in all cases. Serial ultrasonographic study could be proposed for the evaluation of biliary excretion before and after feeding, in order to differentiate between these three conditions. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between February 1993 and January 1997, 13 newborns (seven @entity1 and six @entity1 ) aged from 30 to 186 days, presented with @entity1087 and conjugated @entity3638 . They were evaluated by laboratory tests; serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed after 4 hours @entity4053 then 1 and 2 hours after meal. RESULTS: The gallbladder (GB) was visualized in nine @entity1 . In five of these @entity1 , it contracted after feeding suggesting the @entity99 , that was confirmed by the clinical evolution. In three @entity1 , the GB did not change in size and the diagnosis of @entity2876 was surgically proven. In one @entity1 , a choledocal cyst was visualized and confirmed by surgery. The GB was not identified after 4 hours of @entity4053 in four @entity1 ; @entity2876 was suspected and confirmed by surgery. CONCLUSION: Serial ultrasound of the GB is an easy and non-invasive method. It was useful in identifying those conditions requiring surgery in eight @entity1 . We recommend its use as the initial method in the evaluation of @entity4837 before the other invasive methods.

title: [Value of sonography in XXXX . Findings in 13 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic jaundice']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal jaundice']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['diagnosis of neonatal hepatitis', 'viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity4837 :: (MESH:D007567,Disease) :: ['prolonged neonatal jaundice']


abstract: Successful integration of chemotherapy into the management of @entity1 with invasive @entity150 is critical to improve survival. With currently available treatment programs, only a modest improvement in survival can be anticipated. Thus, the routine use of chemotherapy for all @entity1 with invasive @entity150 cannot be recommended outside of the protocol setting. Research must focus on improving the proportion of @entity1 who achieve complete remissions to therapy, because only complete responders have the opportunity to enjoy long-term survival. Effective salvage regimens need to be developed, along with a better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to treatment. Equally important will be the ability to define which cases are destined to metastasize, for whom chemotherapy will be essential, as well as those who are not destined to develop @entity3 , for whom chemotherapy is unnecessary. The choice of a neoadjuvant versus an adjuvant approach remains controversial. The ability to determine response in vivo, as well as the potential for bladder preservation, remains the primary benefit of neoadjuvant therapy. However, chemotherapy alone cannot replace definitive therapy for most @entity1 , because the complete response proportions to chemotherapy alone remain under 30%. In other cases, postoperative adjuvant therapy may represent a better strategy, with the need for treatment based on pathologic as opposed to clinical grounds. @entity1 with nodal involvement at the time of surgery would be an appropriate group for whom therapy should be routinely recommended. It must be emphasized, however, that neither the neoadjuvant nor adjuvant approaches have been shown to definitively improve survival. This can only be demonstrated through randomized trials.

title: Chemotherapy for muscle-infiltrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recessive @entity58859 mutations were recently reported to cause a novel syndrome, @entity1578 ( @entity1578 ), in six Irish Travellers. We have since identified four additional @entity1 , including one of Ashkenazi origin, representing the largest @entity1578 cohort to date. Our study aims to define the @entity1578 clinical phenotype to help guide diagnosis and @entity1 management. METHODS: We clinically evaluated and reviewed the medical records of ten @entity1578 @entity1 . Clinical features, histopathology and natural histories were compared and @entity1 management strategies reviewed. RESULTS: Early failure to thrive, recurrent @entity409 , @entity417 , @entity4988 and @entity410 were present in all @entity1 . Most @entity1 (90 %) had @entity245 . Encephalopathic episodes triggered by @entity221 have occurred in 80 % and were fatal in two @entity1 . Two @entity1 are currently >28 years old and clinically well. @entity368 supplementation had no appreciable impact on @entity1 well-being. However, we suggest that the traditional management of reducing/stopping protein intake in @entity1 with @entity209 hepatopathies may not be appropriate for @entity1578 . We currently recommend ensuring sufficient natural protein intake when unwell. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first non-Irish @entity1578 @entity1 , suggesting @entity1578 may be more extensive than anticipated. Low birth weight, @entity177 to thrive, @entity417 and @entity4988 are amongst the first presenting features, with @entity409 before age 1. Episodic @entity409 is typically triggered by @entity221 , and becomes less severe with increasing age. While difficult to anticipate, two @entity1 are currently >28 years old, suggesting that survival beyond childhood may be associated with a favourable long-term prognosis.

title: Clinical and genetic characterisation of XXXX , due to recessive mutations in @entity58859 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['early failure']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['infantile liver failure syndrome type 1', 'ILFS1']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['infantile liver failure syndrome type 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy using recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) produces objective responses in a proportion of advanced @entity5 @entity1 . While early investigators employed intravenous (i.v.) treatment regimens, recent clinical trials applied therapy schedules via subcutaneous (s.c.) injection, mostly in combination with recombinant @entity1 interferon-alpha (rIFN-alpha). There were no significant differences in reported response rates between i.v. and s.c. treatment regimens. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 148 treatment cycles of s.c. immunotherapy administered to 107 outpatients. Adverse effects of s.c. cytokine therapy were described with regard to hematotoxicity, and compared to adverse effects reported upon high- or intermediate-dose i.v. @entity5041 therapy. Our study population consisted of 15 @entity1 who received s.c. @entity5041 at doses of 4.8-14.4 million IU/m2/day on 5 days per week, 20 @entity1 who were treated with rIFN-alpha 2b at 3.0-6.0 million U/m2/day thrice weekly, and 72 @entity1 who were given s.c. rIFN-alpha 2b at 6.0 million U/m2/day thrice weekly plus s.c. @entity5041 at 14.4-18.0 million IU/m2/day on days 1 and 2, followed by 4.8 million IU/m2/day, 5 days per week. RESULTS: Subcutaneous immunotherapy as administered in this study was well tolerated in the outpatient setting. Thus, there were no treatment-related @entity204 , and no @entity1 developed grade III or IV (WHO) @entity137 . Subcutaneous @entity5041 as a single agent produced grade II @entity417 and @entity3028 in 7% of @entity1 , respectively. In combination with s.c. rIFN-alpha, s.c. @entity5041 yielded grade II @entity417 and @entity3028 in 8 and 14% of @entity1 , respectively. In comparison, rIFN-alpha as a single agent produced grade III @entity417 and grade I @entity3028 in 5 and 20% of @entity1 , respectively. Upon s.c. @entity5041 /rIFN-alpha combination therapy, a mean hemoglobin nadir of 114.4 g/l (p < 0.0001 when compared to baseline) was noted, and the mean granulocyte nadir was 2.3/nl (p < 0.0005). These mild laboratory changes due to cytokine-induced hematotoxicity were in marked contrast to severe @entity417 , @entity882 , and @entity3028 reported upon i.v. @entity5041 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative s.c. @entity5041 -based immunotherapy as used in this study abrogates profound hematotoxicity, previously seen upon @entity5041 -based i.v. immunotherapy. Subcutaneous @entity5041 /rIFN-alpha combination therapy can be given in the ambulatory setting with good practicability and excellent safety. This outpatient regimen is as effective in advanced @entity1358 as the most aggressive i.v. @entity5041 -based protocols reported.

title: Hematotoxicity of XXXX in @entity1 : clinical effects and comparison of various treatment regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The new techniques of magnetic resonance imaging have produced a important advance in the early diagnosis of acute @entity385 . The diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has a high sensitivity and specificity in the acute @entity63 . CASE REPORT: 70 years old @entity1 with previous history of @entity101 and dyslipemia. The @entity1 presented @entity4048 and gaze problems. The physical exploration revealed right miosis, nistagmus, IX and X @entity129 and @entity2055 . The clinical diagnosis was @entity5487 and a medulla lateral infarction. However DWI was normal (10 hours). The @entity51 was persistent and a repeated study disclosed a lateral infarction of the medulla. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of DWI is reduced during the first 24 hours. There are false negative diagnosis mainly in small infarctions of posterior territory.

title: [False negative diffusion in acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve affection']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['sudden vertigo with cervical neck pain']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['Wallenberg s syndrome']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: In terms of making genes expression data more interpretable and comprehensible, there exists a significant superiority on sparse methods. Many sparse methods, such as @entity26098 ( @entity26098 ) and sparse principal component analysis (SPCA), have been applied to extract plants core genes. Supervised algorithms, especially the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) method, always have good performance in gene selection. In this paper, we draw into class information via the total scatter matrix and put forward a @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ) method to improve the gene identification performance of @entity26098 -based method. Firstly, the total scatter matrix is obtained based on different samples of the gene expression data. Secondly, a new data matrix is constructed by decomposing the total scatter matrix. Thirdly, the new data matrix is decomposed by @entity26098 to obtain the sparse eigensamples. Finally, the core genes are identified according to the nonzero entries in eigensamples. The results on simulation data show that @entity1297 method can reach higher identification accuracies than the conventional gene identification methods. Moreover, the results on real gene expression data demonstrate that @entity1297 method can identify more core genes closely related to the abiotic stresses than the other methods.

title: A XXXX for identifying plants core genes responding to abiotic stresses.

entities_list: @entity26098 :: ('MESH:C535501', 'Disease') :: ['penalized matrix decomposition', 'PMD']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['CIPMD', 'class-information-based penalized matrix decomposition']

answer: @entity1297 :: (MESH:D019292,Disease) :: ['class-information-based penalized matrix decomposition']


abstract: To understand the cellular parameters that govern @entity238 wing disc regeneration, we genetically eliminated specific stripes of the wing disc along the proximodistal axis and used vein and intervein markers to trace tissue regeneration. We found that veins could regenerate interveins and vice versa, indicating respecification of cell fates. Moreover, respecification occurred in cells close to the wound. The newly generated domains were intercalated to fill in the missing parts. This intercalation was driven by increased proliferation, accompanied by changes in the orientation of the cell divisions. This reorientation depended on Fat (Ft) and Crumbs (Crb), which acted, at least partly, to control the activity of the effector of the Hippo pathway, @entity26879 ( @entity26879 ). Increased @entity26879 , which promotes proliferation, affected the final shape and size. Heterozygous ft or crb, which normally elicit size and shape defects in regenerated wings, could be rescued by @entity26879 heterozygosity. Thus, Ft and Crb act as sensors to drive cell orientation during intercalary regeneration and control @entity26879 levels to ensure a proper balance between proliferation and cell reorientation. We propose a model based on intercalation of missing cell identities, in which a coordinated balance between orientation and proliferation is required for normal organ shape and size.

title: Cell fate respecification and cell division orientation drive intercalary regeneration in XXXX wing discs.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore and explain socioeconomic variations in perceptions of and behavioural responses to @entity662 . DESIGN: Qualitative interviews. SETTING: Community based study in Glasgow, Scotland. @entity1 : 30 respondents (15 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ) from a socioeconomically deprived area of Glasgow and 30 respondents (15 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ) from an affluent area of Glasgow. OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 ' reports of their perceptions of and actions in response to @entity662 . RESULTS: Residents of the deprived area reported greater perceived vulnerability to @entity299 , stemming from greater exposure to @entity299 in family members and greater identification with high risk groups and stereotypes of cardiac @entity1 . This greater perceived vulnerability was not associated with more frequent reporting of presenting to a general practitioner. @entity1 from the deprived area reported greater exposure to ill health, which allowed them to normalise their @entity662 , led to @entity911 with other conditions, and gave rise to a belief that they were overusing medical services. These factors were associated with a reported tendency not to present with @entity662 . @entity148 about presenting among respondents in the deprived area was heightened by self blame and fear that they would be chastised by their general practitioner for their risk behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: Important socioeconomic variations in responses to @entity662 may contribute to the known inequities in uptake of secondary cardiology services. Primary care professionals and health promoters should be aware of the ways in which perceptions of symptoms and illness behaviour are shaped by social and cultural factors.

title: Socioeconomic variations in responses to XXXX : qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: Neutral @entity11379 Copolymer is a fully polymerised copolymer used in the pharmaceutical industry to permit pH-independent delayed release of active ingredients from oral dosage forms. This function has potential use with food supplements and this article describes available information on the safety of the substance. Oral administration of radiolabelled copolymer to @entity35 resulted in the detection of chemically unchanged copolymer in the faeces, with negligible absorption. Safety studies revealed no adverse @entity137 following repeated administration at doses of up to 2000 mg/kg bw/d in a sub-chronic study in @entity35 or 250 mg/kg bw/d in a sub-chronic study in @entity235 . No reproductive @entity137 occurred at up to 2000 mg/kg bw/d in @entity35 or @entity95 . The substance shows no evidence of genotoxicity, has low acute @entity137 and no irritation or sensitisation potential. An ADI value of 20 mg/kg bw was concluded from two alternative approaches. Daily exposure from use in dietary supplements is estimated as up to 10.0 mg/kg bw in adults and 13.3 mg/kg bw in @entity1 . There would therefore appear to be no safety concerns under the intended conditions of use. The information provided is intended to support an evaluation that the substance may be "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS).

title: Characterisation and toxicological assessment of Neutral XXXX Copolymer for GRAS evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11379 :: ('CHEBI:25218', 'Chemical') :: ['Methacrylate']

answer: @entity11379 :: (CHEBI:25218,Chemical) :: ['Methacrylate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity41680 is a recently recognized disease caused by a mutation in the @entity1594 gene. This results in a range of pathology including @entity850 , @entity2720 , @entity59938 and @entity851 , or @entity751 . We aim to delineate the role of intubation in development of @entity1224 in these @entity1 as well as provide insight into diagnosis and management of this syndrome. Herein we present four @entity1 with @entity41680 complicated by @entity1224 and perform a systematic review of all cases of @entity41680 with reported airway pathology. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review METHODS: All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity41680 and @entity1224 at a single institution from 1981 to 2014 were reviewed. RESULTS: Four @entity1 (4F, median age 42) were identified that met inclusion criteria. Initial presenting signs included progressive @entity1353 , @entity1353 on exertion and @entity649 . All four (100%) @entity1 had multi-level @entity1224 most commonly in the subglottic and glottic regions and all @entity1 had undergone at least one endotracheal intubation prior to presentation. One @entity1 with a history of nasal tracheal intubation presented with nasal obstruction and was found to have choanal as well as @entity5142 . Two of the four (50%) @entity1 are tracheostomy tube dependent, 1/4 (25%) died of a fatal @entity943 and 1/4 (25%) has had 6 endoscopic treatments for @entity5142 in 4 years with rapid symptom recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: @entity41680 is characterized by progressive systemic @entity82 and @entity1 are diagnosed by characteristic findings of @entity59938 , @entity851 , abnormal facies, and thick skin among other abnormalities. Airway management is complicated by recurrent, refractory @entity5142 often preceded by elective intubation as well as @entity3573 , trismus, and limited neck extension. Endotracheal intubation and surgical intervention should be approached with caution in these @entity1 and multidisciplinary care teams are necessary to address all manifestations of this syndrome.

title: XXXX and intubation related @entity1224 : keys to diagnosis and critical therapeutic interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity3573 :: ('MESH:D008439', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity41680 :: ('MESH:C537620', 'Disease') :: ['Myhre-LAPS syndrome']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['LAPS syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity59938 :: ('MESH:D011378', 'Disease') :: ['prognathism']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway stenosis']

answer: @entity41680 :: (MESH:C537620,Disease) :: ['Myhre-LAPs syndrome']


abstract: We created a vaccine in which irradiated allogeneic @entity2220 cells are combined with a bystander K562 cell line transfected with @entity11603 and @entity2841 . By recruiting and activating dendritic cells, we hypothesized that the vaccine would induce @entity5 regression in metastatic @entity2220 . Intradermal vaccine was given q14 days*3, followed by monthly *3. @entity786 (300 mg/m IV) was administered before the first and fourth vaccines to deplete regulatory T cells. @entity1968 was given (150/mg/m/d) after the first and fourth vaccines to enhance dendritic cell differentiation. Twenty-four @entity1 were accrued at a single institution from October 2006 to June 2008, with a median age 64 years and median of 4 previous lines of systemic therapy. A total of 101 vaccines were administered. Common @entity137 were @entity10 (54%) and site reaction (38%). No radiologic responses were observed. Median overall survival was 7.9 months and median progression-free survival was 1.7 months. Of 14 @entity1 evaluable for immunological study, 5 had peptide-induced @entity405 T-cell activation after vaccination. Overall, vaccine administration was feasible in an extensively pretreated population of metastatic @entity2 . Despite a suggestion of clinical activity in the subset with immune response, the trial did not meet the primary endpoint of inducing radiologic @entity5 regression.

title: Phase II trial of a @entity2841 -producing and XXXX -expressing bystander cell line combined with an @entity5 cell-based vaccine for @entity2220 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['All-trans retinoic acid']

answer: @entity11603 :: (959,Gene) :: ['CD40L']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the @entity64 /death rates between proximal embolic protection devices (P-EPDs) and distal filter embolic protection devices (F-EPDs) in elective @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ). BACKGROUND: P-EPDs have theoretical advantages that may make them superior to F-EPDs for @entity64 prevention during @entity2998 . METHODS: We examined 10,246 consecutive elective @entity2998 procedures performed with embolic protection in the NCDR CARE registry between January 2009 and March 2013. We analyzed crude and propensity-matched rates of in-hospital combined death/ @entity64 in @entity1 treated with P-EPDs versus F-EPDs. Secondary analyses included 30-day adverse event rates and @entity64 rates by the involved cerebrovascular territory. RESULTS: P-EPDs were used in 590 of 10,246 cases (5.8%). @entity1 treated with P-EPDs had higher rates of symptomatic lesion status (46.8% vs. 39.7%, p  < 0.001), @entity955 (16.1% vs. 13.0%, p  = 0.03), and history of a neurological event (51.2% vs. 46.6%, p  = 0.03). In unadjusted and propensity-matched analyses, differences in in-hospital @entity64 /death between @entity17302 and F-EPD cohorts were nonsignificant (1.5% vs. 2.4%, p  = 0.16 and 1.6% vs. 2.0%, p  = 0.56, respectively). For @entity1 with available data (n  = 7,693, 75.1%), 30-day adverse events rates were similar for P-EPDs and F-EPDs before (2.5% vs. 4.2%, p  = 0.07) and after (2.7% vs. 4.0%, p  = 0.22) propensity matching. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a @entity17302 during @entity2998 was associated with low rates of in-hospital @entity64 /death similar to those with an F-EPD in the first comparative effectiveness study of the devices. An adequately powered randomized trial comparing clinical outcomes between these devices is unlikely to be feasible.

title: Proximal versus distal embolic protection for XXXX : a national cardiovascular data registry analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation/flutter']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenting']


abstract: In @entity2829 ( @entity2829 ), @entity2271 ( @entity2272 )-induced @entity274 production activates a 46 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase (p46MAPK), and the activation of p46MAPK also regulates the production of @entity274 . However, the mechanism for the regulation of @entity274 production by @entity62750 in @entity2272 signalling remains to be elucidated. In this study, four reactive @entity26 species (ROS)-producing @entity1110 oxidase (rboh) genes (ZmrbohA-D) were isolated and characterized in @entity2829 leaves. @entity2272 treatment induced a biphasic response (phase I and phase II) in the expression of ZmrbohA-D and the activity of @entity1110 oxidase. Phase II induced by @entity2272 was blocked by pretreatments with two @entity62750 kinase (MPKKK) inhibitors and two @entity274 scavengers, but phase I was not affected by these inhibitors or scavengers. Treatment with @entity274 alone also only induced phase II, and the induction was arrested by the MAPKK inhibitors. Furthermore, the @entity2272 -activated p46MAPK was partially purified. Using primers corresponding to the sequences of internal tryptic peptides, the p46MAPK gene was cloned. Analysis of the tryptic peptides and the p46MAPK sequence indicate it is the known @entity62751 . Treatments with @entity2272 and @entity274 led to a significant increase in the activity of @entity62751 , although @entity2272 treatment only induced a slight increase in the expression of @entity62751 . The data indicate that @entity274 -activated @entity62751 is involved in the activation of phase II in @entity2272 signalling, but not in phase I. The results suggest that there is a positive feedback loop involving @entity1110 oxidase, @entity274 , and @entity62751 in @entity2272 signalling.

title: Positive feedback regulation of @entity2829 @entity1110 oxidase by mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in XXXX signalling.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['abscisic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the PleurX catheter in the management of recurrent non-malignant @entity1143 . METHODS: All subjects who underwent a PleurX catheter placement between 2003 and 2009 were evaluated. General demographic data, time to pleurodesis, complications, and a satisfaction questionnaire were collected. The subjects were divided into two groups. Group I included @entity1 with non-malignant effusions and group II included @entity1 with malignant effusions. RESULTS: A total of 64 subjects were included in the final data analysis. A total of 23 subjects were included in group I and 41 subjects were included in group II. The diagnoses in group I included @entity712 ( @entity712 ; 13), hepatic hydrothorax (8), traumatic bloody (1), and idiopathic exudative (1). The diagnoses in group II included @entity2 (20), @entity0 (11), @entity694 (5), @entity263 (2), @entity1892 (2), and @entity2615 (1). The time to pleurodesis was 36    12 days for group II compared to 110.8    41 days for group I (p < 0.0001). The mean satisfaction score was similar in both groups (3.8    0.4). Time to pleurodesis was significantly shorter in hepatic hydrothorax compared to @entity712 (73.6    9 days vs. 113    36 days, p = 0.006). There was one case of exit site infection in a @entity1 with hepatic hydrothorax. Among subjects who were alive at 3 months after the catheter removal, none had recurrence of their @entity1143 . CONCLUSION: The Denver catheter was effective in achieving pleurodesis in non-malignant @entity1143 . The complication rate was low and @entity1 satisfaction was high.

title: The use of the PleurX catheter in the management of non-malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetotactic bacteria produce membrane-enveloped magnetite crystals (magnetosomes) whose formation is controlled primarily by a gene island termed the magnetosome island (MAI). Characterization of single gene and operon function in MAI has elucidated in part the genetic basis of magnetosome formation. The mamX gene, located in the mamXY operon, is highly conserved in the MAI of all @entity62033 strains studied to date. Little is known regarding the function of mamX in the process of biomineralization. RESULTS: A mamX deletion mutant (   mamX) and its complemented strain (CmamX) by conjugation in @entity62033 were constructed. There were no striking differences in cell growth among    mamX, CmamX, and @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ).    mamX displayed a much weaker magnetic response than @entity6475 . Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of irregular, superparamagnetic magnetite particles in    mamX, in contrast to regular, single-domain particles in @entity6475 and CmamX. The phenotype of    mamX was similar to that of an ftsZ-like deleted mutant and mamXY operon deleted mutant reported previously. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) results indicated that the deletion of mamX had differential effects on the transcription levels of the other three genes in the operon. CONCLUSIONS: The MamX protein plays an important role in controlling magnetosome size, maturation, and crystal form. The four MamXY proteins appear to have redundant functions involved in magnetosome formation. Our findings provide new insights into the coordinated function of MAI genes and operons in magnetosome formation.

title: MamX encoded by the mamXY operon is involved in control of magnetosome maturation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['wild-type strain', 'WT']

entities_list: @entity62033 :: ('431944', 'Species') :: ['M. gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1', 'Magnetospirillum']

answer: @entity62033 :: (431944,Species) :: ['Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1']


abstract: Protein and energy @entity3147 is frequently found in @entity1 on maintenance dialysis and is associated with an increased risk of @entity204 . Among a variety of factors involved in the development of protein and energy @entity3147 , such as @entity520 , insulin resistance, @entity32 , and dialysate protein losses, insufficient intake of proteins and energy as a result of @entity448 plays a prominent role. @entity535 (AA)-based @entity298 ( @entity298 ) solutions can induce an anabolic response in malnourished @entity1 on continuous ambulatory @entity298 if enough calories are ingested simultaneously. Poor appetite, however, may impede the intake of sufficient calories. Peritoneal dialysis solutions containing a mixture of AAs and @entity413 in a proper ratio can serve as a source of proteins and calories. Such a dialysis solution can be used in fasting @entity1 on nocturnal automated @entity298 as part of a regular dialysis schedule. Using a sophisticated technique involving stable isotopes, this dialysis mixture has been found to induce acute anabolic changes in whole body protein metabolism. Such a metabolic response is similar to that induced by food. Intraperitoneal AAs, in common with ingested proteins, can induce generation of @entity3884 ions and @entity1133 through oxidation of specific AAs. Supplying AAs together with calories could bring about utilization of AAs for the synthesis of proteins rather than the oxidation of @entity4556 , thereby limiting production of acid and @entity1133 . Using dialysis solutions with a buffer concentration of 40 mmol/L further contributes to maintaining acid-base homeostasis. We advocate consideration of usage of AA/ @entity413 dialysate when @entity298 @entity1 cannot comply with dietary requirements. To evaluate the long-term effects of this approach on morbidity and mortality, clinical trials with large groups of @entity1 are needed.

title: @entity535 -based @entity298 solutions for XXXX : new perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: @entity3923 is a recently described, extremely rare, reactive, sclerosing, inflammatory process somewhat similar to @entity3923 and @entity5 of the breast. To date, there have been 22 cases described in the literature. Because of the infrequency of this lesion, we describe our combined experience with 16 cases, 1 of which has been previously reported. Thirteen @entity5 arose in the parotid gland, two involved the submandibular gland, and one arose in the buccal mucosa. There were 9 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 . @entity1 ranged in age from 9 to 75 years. Fourteen @entity1 presented with a primary mass. Two were incidental findings in @entity1 with a mixed @entity5 and an @entity1637 . @entity5 ranged in size from 0.3 to 6 cm in greatest dimension. They are typically well circumscribed and are composed of densely sclerotic lobules with prominent cystic change. @entity1373 of ductal and acinar elements and areas of apocrine-like @entity4648 are frequent. Foci with mild ductal epithelial atypia were frequent with >50% of cases demonstrating at least focal areas of duct @entity2543 with atypia. Follow-up ranged from 1.5 to 40 years. One @entity5 recurred twice; no @entity1 has developed @entity3 or died of disease.

title: XXXX of the salivary gland: a report of 16 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'adenosis tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3923 :: ('MESH:D005348', 'Disease') :: ['fibrocystic changes', 'Sclerosing polycystic adenosis']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3923 :: (MESH:D005348,Disease) :: ['Sclerosing polycystic adenosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Two randomized, controlled trials. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness of psychologist-led and lay-led interventions in reducing disability in 2 cohorts of primary care @entity1 with @entity615 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although activating self-care interventions have been advanced as effective tools to reduce @entity615 -related activity limitations, few studies have evaluated the added costs of these programs relative to their added benefits. METHODS: We estimated the incremental benefits and incremental costs associated with 2 self-care interventions for primary care @entity1 with @entity615 . Effectiveness was measured as the number of @entity1643 days (i.e., days when @entity1 were satisfied with their level of @entity615 ) over a 1-year follow-up. @entity615 related services were estimated from health plan cost data. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated for each intervention to determine the costs associated with an additional @entity1643 day. RESULTS: @entity1 assigned to the lay and psychologist interventions had a mean of 14.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] -2.7 to 30.9) and 26.2 (95% CI 9.1-44.4) additional @entity1643 days, respectively, compared with @entity1 receiving usual care. The incremental per- @entity1 costs of the lay-led and psychologist-led interventions were dollar 139 (95% CI - dollar 62.13 to dollar 321.76) and dollar 161 (95% CI dollar 51.18 to dollar 275.93), respectively. The mean cost of an additional @entity1643 day was dollar 9.70 for the lay-led intervention and dollar 6.13 for the psychologist-led intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Both the lay and psychologist interventions were associated with modest improvements in outcomes but with somewhat higher costs compared to usual care.

title: Cost-effectiveness of two self-care interventions to reduce disability associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain', 'Costs of back-pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-impact back pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['back pain']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The use of medicinal plants in Gabon contributes widely to the primary health care of the @entity1 of this area of Central Africa. This paper investigates the pharmacological properties of Dichrostachys cinerea, the plant barks are traditionally used by Gabonese and Ivorian populations to treat @entity565 , @entity627 , and other @entity66 . Although D. cinerea barks have been reported to be used by population to facilitate childbirth, to the best of our knowledge no scientific evidence has been published. AIM OF STUDY: In the present study, we investigated the pharmacological properties of D. cinerea methanolic extract, on isolated uterine smooth muscle and compared its effects to those of @entity398 , which is used by obstetricians to facilitate childbirth. We also explored the possible mechanism pathways of the in vitro uterine contraction induced by D. cinerea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of different concentrations (3.2  g/ml, 16  g/ml, 80  g/ml, 400  g/ml, and 2mg/ml) of the methanolic extract of D. cinerea on isolated strips of the uteri of pregnant @entity35 were studied. These effects were compared to those of @entity398 (8.4*10(-5)  g/ml, 8.4*10(-4)  g/ml, 8.4*10(-3)  g/ml, 8.4*10(-2)  g/ml). The EC (50) and E (max) was determined graphically and statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett post hoc test. RESULTS: Cumulative concentrations of D. cinerea have caused rise in the contractile force of the uterine fragments that were isolated from the pregnant @entity35 , as seen with @entity398 concentrations. We observed contractions amplitude of 30.41mN (12%) at 80  g/ml and amplitude of 39.68mN (14.17%) at 400  g/ml for D. cinerea. In parallel, @entity398 concentration of 8.4*10(-3)  g/ml induced contractions of 45.82mN with the highest concentration (8.4*10(-2)  g/ml) that induced contractions of 55.82mN. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that D. cinerea increased the contractile force and the frequency of muscle contractions. These findings support the use of D. cinerea to facilitate childbirth, as it has been used in traditional medicine.

title: Study of pharmacological properties of the methanolic extract of Dichrostachys cinerea bark (L.) Wight et Arn (Leguminosae) in isolated myometrium from pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The jasmonate family of growth regulators includes the @entity6778 (Ile) conjugate of @entity7214 ( @entity34849 ) and its biosynthetic precursor @entity60491 ( @entity60492 ) as signaling molecules. To assess the relative contribution of JA/JA-Ile and OPDA to insect resistance in @entity523 ( @entity523 ), we silenced the expression of @entity60493 ( @entity60493 ) by RNA interference (RNAi). Consistent with a block in the biosynthetic pathway downstream of OPDA, @entity60493 -RNAi plants contained wild-type levels of OPDA but failed to accumulate JA or JA-Ile after wounding. JA/JA-Ile deficiency in @entity60493 -RNAi plants resulted in reduced trichome formation and impaired @entity20188 and @entity9571 production. The loss of these JA/JA-Ile -dependent defense traits rendered them more attractive to the specialist herbivore @entity4079 with respect to feeding and oviposition. Oviposition preference resulted from reduced levels of repellant @entity199 and @entity200 . Feeding preference, on the other hand, was caused by increased production of @entity60494 acting as a feeding stimulant for @entity4079 larvae in @entity60493 -RNAi plants. Despite @entity73 and increased palatability of @entity60493 -RNAi leaves, larval development was indistinguishable on @entity60493 -RNAi and wild-type plants, and was much delayed compared with development on the jasmonic acid-insensitive1 (jai1) mutant. Apparently, signaling through JAI1, the @entity523 ortholog of the ubiquitin ligase CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 in @entity958 ( @entity958 ), is required for defense, whereas the conversion of OPDA to JA/JA-Ile is not. Comparing the signaling activities of OPDA and JA/JA-Ile, we found that OPDA can substitute for JA/JA-Ile in the local induction of defense gene expression, but the production of JA/JA-Ile is required for a systemic response.

title: @entity7214 and its precursor XXXX control different aspects of constitutive and induced herbivore defenses in @entity523 .

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta', 'M. sexta']

entities_list: @entity20188 :: ('CHEBI:35187', 'Chemical') :: ['monoterpene']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired constitutive defenses']

entities_list: @entity199 :: ('MESH:D039821', 'Chemical') :: ['monoterpenes']

entities_list: @entity60491 :: ('MESH:C025999', 'Chemical') :: ['12-oxophytodienoic acid']

entities_list: @entity9571 :: ('CHEBI:35189', 'Chemical') :: ['sesquiterpene']

entities_list: @entity200 :: ('MESH:D012717', 'Chemical') :: ['sesquiterpenes']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato', 'Solanum lycopersicum']

answer: @entity60491 :: (MESH:C025999,Chemical) :: ['12-oxophytodienoic acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Active surveillance for low risk @entity263 has become an acceptable management strategy. However, a percentage of these @entity1 in active surveillance move on to active treatment. Our aim was to examine @entity322 ( @entity322 ) rates in @entity1 who move on to treatment from active surveillance and compare it to quoted rates in the literature. We examined the question that a potential delay in the treatment of @entity263 in those on active surveillance may result in an increase in @entity322 rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 1992 to June 2009, 443 @entity1 at our institution entered into active surveillance for newly diagnosed @entity263 . We reviewed their medical records and data was abstracted from physician-reported medical records. The mean age of the entire group was 64.1 years old (range 40-80). Their mean @entity1486 (PSA) was 7.65 (range 0.21-36) and their mean Gleason score was 6.2 (range 4-8). Of these @entity1 on active surveillance, 150/443 (33.3%) went on to active treatment. Median time to active treatment was 31.5 months (range 3-180 months). Only 5 @entity1 went onto active treatment less than 1 year after starting active surveillance. Of these @entity1 who went onto active treatment, 85 had radiation alone, 48 had a radical prostatectomy (RP), 7 had a RP and radiation, 7 had @entity2101 alone, 2 had focal ablation and 1 had @entity2101 followed by salvage RP. Of those undergoing radiation (92 @entity1 ), 66 had external beam and 26 had brachytherapy. RESULTS: Prior to active treatment 25/443 (5.6%) @entity1 had @entity322 documented in their history. Of those 25 @entity1 only 3 went on to a RP and all had persistent @entity322 after surgery. Two of the 25 @entity1 went on to radiation therapy and their @entity322 resolved. In the active treatment groups, after RP alone, 14/48 (29.2%) @entity1 had new onset @entity322 that persisted at a mean of 47.2 months (range 11-149 months) postoperatively. Of these 14 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 (14.6%) had significant leakage (> 1 pad/day). After radiation therapy alone 2/85(2.4%) had new onset persistent @entity322 at 34 and 49 months post radiation. Only 1/7 (14.3%) @entity1 that had @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) alone had persistent @entity322 at 38 months after @entity2101 . Of the 7 @entity1 that had both a RP and radiation, 2 had persistent significant @entity322 at 49 and 153 months after surgery. One @entity1 that had @entity2101 and a RP had persistent @entity322 at 23 months post surgery. The 2 @entity1 that had focal ablation were dry. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity322 rates in our cohort of active surveillance @entity1 who move on to active treatment are similar to @entity1 who undergo treatment immediately after @entity263 is diagnosed as quoted in the literature. This suggests that active surveillance, as an initial mode of therapy, does not increase the risk of @entity322 if active treatment occurs at a later date.

title: Active surveillance failure for @entity263 : does the delay in treatment increase the risk of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HIFU', 'high intensity focused ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is an infrequent, fibroinflammatory non-neoplastic process of unknown etiology, generally following a benign inflammatory condition. The importance of knowledge of it resides in its similar presentation to other @entity99 in clinical picture, radiological appearance, and macroscopic pattern. CASE REPORT: A 71-year-old @entity1 presented with acute @entity490 . Ultrasonography and a computerized tomography (CT) scan showed a 3.2 cm @entity99 (segment IV) and a CT-guided liver biopsy revealed possible histological features of @entity99 . The @entity1 underwent a wedge resection. The pathologist identified a well-defined, 4-cm @entity409 associated with possible sclerosing @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6437 is a fibroinflammatory non-neoplastic process that should be suspected in @entity1 with a @entity99 with significant infectious-inflammatory history. Percutaneous hepatic biopsy does not provide certainty in confirming the lesion since it does not discard focuses of hidden @entity5 . The treatment is surgical resection followed by histopatological study to eliminate a hepatocarcinoma, a low-grade @entity1492 , or a hidden focus of @entity420 . The @entity409 has changed from being an extremely rare pathology to becoming an established @entity409 .

title: XXXX --another case report. Is this the beginning of an established hepatic entity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis lesion']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver', 'inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'hepatic fibrosarcoma', 'hepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver']


abstract: A total of 481 cases of @entity3807 ( @entity3807 ) presented in the literature have been reviewed. Ten additional cases from this hospital have been added. One etiological factor, @entity3858 , has been implicated in 12.4 percent of cases, but the majority remain unexplained. Characteristically, the @entity1 will be male (2:1 ratio), in his 50's (30.9 percent), with vague @entity615 (34.2 percent) or possibly @entity812 (34.0 percent). Physical examination usually will be unrevealing. The patient's serum chemistry probably will show some degree of @entity2629 (55.4 percent) and perhaps @entity417 (13.6 percent). The intravenous pyelogram characteristically shows bilateral hydroureteronephrosis (67.6 percent) or unilateral hydroureteronephrosis (20.3 percent) associated with medial deviation of the ureter due apparently to external compression of the ureter. @entity3858 should be discontinued if implicated. Laparotomy for ureteral compression characteristically will reveal a dense, rubbery plaque in the retroperitoneum. Generous frozen section biopsies show @entity82 , usually with some @entity32 , suggestive of @entity3807 . Careful inspection of retroperitoneal nodes and liver may reveal the presence of @entity5 in 7.9 percent of @entity1 . In the absence of @entity5 , the ureters should lyse fairly freely and peristasis may return. If no @entity5 is present on permanent sections of biopsy material, the @entity1 can be given a fairly optimistic prognosis (cumulative mortality rate, 9 percent). Suboptimal improvement probably is an indication for @entity134 therapy and surgical re-exploration may become indicated. In these cases further search for @entity5 should be undertaken.

title: The clinical significance of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide', 'Methysergide']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal fibrosis', 'RPF']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity3807 :: (MESH:D012185,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In recent years, non-invasive methods have replaced angiography in the diagnosis of @entity1580 . Angiography maybe used to evaluate coexisting @entity453 ( @entity453 ), which can delay surgery and increase the risk of @entity397 . We set out to examine the role of angiography in @entity697 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity1 who underwent repair of @entity697 between January 1992 and June 2002 was conducted. The effect of angiography on the need for concomitant coronary artery surgery (CABG), delay to surgery and outcome were analysed. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 were identified. Initial diagnosis was established by non-invasive techniques. Twenty-three @entity1 (31%) underwent angiography (Group I) in three this was unsuccessful. Three in Group I and four in the non-angiography group (Group II, n=51) had history of @entity951 . One @entity1 in Group I underwent concomitant CABG compared to seven in Group II. The @entity1 who underwent CABG in Group I; and four out of seven in Group II died (NS). @entity1 who underwent concomitant CABG had a significantly higher mortality rate (P=0.04). Mortality in Group I was 35% (n=8) and in Group II was 29% (n=15) (NS). Mortality rate was also significantly higher in @entity1 who presented with @entity1163 (P=0.01) or @entity551 (P=0.04). Median transfer time from arrival at our centre to the operating room was 5 h in Group I and 1.5 h in Group II (P<0.001). Mortality rate was higher in @entity1 who took longer to transfer to the operating room, but this did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that coronary angiography did not affect the occurrence of CABG and was not associated with improved hospital survival. Furthermore, there is a considerable delay to surgery caused by angiography. Therefore in this setting coronary angiography is not recommended.

title: The role of coronary angiography in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']