abstract: When growing populations of bacteria are confronted with bactericidal antibiotics, the vast majority of cells are killed, but subpopulations of genetically susceptible but phenotypically resistant bacteria survive. In accord with the prevailing view, these "persisters" are non- or slowly dividing cells randomly generated from the dominant population. Antibiotics enrich populations for pre-existing persisters but play no role in their generation. The results of recent studies with @entity526 suggest that at least one antibiotic, @entity2177 , can contribute to the generation of persisters. To more generally elucidate the role of antibiotics in the generation of and selection for persisters and the nature of persistence in general, we use mathematical models and experiments with @entity794 (Newman) and the antibiotics @entity2177 , @entity801 , @entity2176 , and @entity6101 . Our results indicate that the level of persistence varies among these drugs and their concentrations, and there is considerable variation in this level among independent cultures and mixtures of independent cultures. A model that assumes that the rate of production of persisters is low and persisters grow slowly in the presence of antibiotics can account for these observations. As predicted by this model, pre-treatment with sub-MIC concentrations of antibiotics substantially increases the level of persistence to drugs other than those with which the population is pre-treated. Collectively, the results of this jointly theoretical and experimental study along with other observations support the hypothesis that persistence is the product of many different kinds of errors in cell replication that result in transient periods of non-replication and/or slowed metabolism by individual cells in growing populations. This Persistence as Stuff Happens (PaSH) hypothesis can account for the ubiquity of this phenomenon. Like mutation, persistence is inevitable rather than an evolved character. What evolved and have been identified are genes and processes that affect the frequency of persisters.

title: Pharmacodynamics, population dynamics, and the evolution of persistence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the fetal fibronetcin (fFN) test and ultrasonographic cervical length measurement used alone or in combination with each other in order to further improve the identification of @entity1 in @entity3152 . METHODS: Prospective multicenter observational study on @entity1 between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation with symptoms of @entity3152 (total @entity1 = 132). The endpoint was the delivery at 34 weeks or more. The screening methods used were: the fFN test (group 1), the cervical length measurement by transvaginal ultrasound (group 2) or a combination of both tests (group 3) according to an established protocol. The statistical analysis was performed using the   2 test using the SPSS software. RESULTS: Group 1: positive fFN test in 25.7% of cases, incidence of @entity600 (<34 weeks) of 18%. Group 2: cervical length <25 mm in 56.2% of cases, incidence of @entity600 (<34 weeks) of 18.5%. The negative predictive value is equivalent to 99.0% for the fFN test and 95.2% for cervicometry; combined use reaches 100%, compared to 54% positive predictive value. CONCLUSION: The identification of @entity1 at high risk of @entity3152 carried out with the fFN test or with transvaginal ultrasound cervicometry is clinically valid. The study also showed that the contextual use of biochemical and biophysical tests reaches a high negative predictive value (100%), making it a very useful method to identify @entity1 truly at risk and to further reduce the incidence of non adequate treatment.

title: [Identification of XXXX : the role of the fibronectin and ultrasound cervicometry and their association].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labor']


abstract: Biologically active proteins without stable ordered structure (i.e., intrinsically disordered proteins) are attracting increased attention. Functional repertoires of ordered and disordered proteins are very different, and the ability to differentiate whether a given function is associated with @entity28142 or with a well-folded protein is crucial for modern protein science. However, there is a large gap between the number of proteins experimentally confirmed to be disordered and their actual number in nature. As a result, studies of functional properties of confirmed disordered proteins, while helpful in revealing the functional diversity of @entity74 , provide only a limited view. To overcome this problem, a bioinformatics approach for comprehensive study of functional roles of @entity74 was proposed in the first paper of this series (Xie, H.; Vucetic, S.; Iakoucheva, L. M.; Oldfield, C. J.; Dunker, A. K.; Obradovic, Z.; Uversky, V. N. Functional anthology of @entity28142 . 1. Biological processes and functions of proteins with long disordered regions. J. Proteome Res. 2007, 5, 1882-1898). Applying this novel approach to Swiss- @entity8109 sequences and functional keywords, we found over 238 and 302 keywords to be strongly positively or negatively correlated, respectively, with long intrinsically disordered regions. This paper describes approximately 90 Swiss- @entity8109 keywords attributed to the cellular components, domains, technical terms, developmental processes, and coding sequence diversities possessing strong positive and negative correlation with long disordered regions.

title: Functional anthology of XXXX . 2. Cellular components, domains, technical terms, developmental processes, and coding sequence diversities correlated with long disordered regions.

entities_list: @entity28142 :: ('MESH:D020919', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['protein disorder']

answer: @entity28142 :: (MESH:D020919,Disease) :: ['intrinsic disorder']


abstract: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) remains one of the most lethal @entity5 . Its dismal prognosis is often attributed to the presence of @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) that have been identified in @entity1124 using various markers. However, the co-expression of all of these markers has not yet been evaluated. Furthermore, studies that compare the expression levels of CSC markers in @entity788 samples and in cell lines derived directly from those @entity5 are lacking. Here, we analyzed the expression of putative CSC markers- @entity11707 , @entity1759 , @entity5960 ( @entity5960 ), @entity5439 , and nestin-by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and quantitative PCR in 3 @entity1124 -derived cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in 3 corresponding @entity5 samples. We showed high expression of the examined CSC markers among all of the cell lines and @entity5 samples, with the exception of @entity11707 and @entity1759 , which were enriched under in vitro conditions compared with @entity5 tissues. The proportions of cells positive for the remaining markers were comparable to those detected in the corresponding @entity5 . Co-expression analysis using flow cytometry revealed that @entity11707 +/ @entity1759 +/ @entity5960 +/ @entity5439 + cells represented a significant population of the cells (range, 43 to 72%) among the cell lines. The highest proportion of @entity11707 +/ @entity1759 +/ @entity5960 +/ @entity5439 + cells was detected in the cell line derived from the @entity5 of a @entity1 with the shortest survival. Using gene expression profiling, we further identified the specific pro-tumorigenic expression profile of this cell line compared with the profiles of the other two cell lines. Together, @entity11707 +/ @entity1759 +/ @entity5960 +/ @entity5439 + cells are present in @entity1124 cell lines derived from @entity5 , and their increased proportion corresponds with a pro-tumorigenic gene expression profile.

title: Co-Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers Corresponds to a Pro-Tumorigenic Expression Profile in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5960 :: ('4072', 'Gene') :: ['epithelial cell adhesion molecule', 'EpCAM']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC tumor']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'primary tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2067 antagonist (VKA) treatment is associated with significant risks and requires strict monitoring by measuring the international normalized ratio (INR), either by conventional methods or by self-measurement under medical supervision. We present a case of @entity1939 occurring secondary to a moderate @entity542 , in a pediatric setting with no VKA therapeutic education. CASE REPORT: A 7-year-old @entity1 with a single ventricle had been operated on for a total cavopulmonary shunt at the age of 5 years. He took VKA therapy with an INR target between 2 and 3. After a @entity542 , he had a frontal @entity1410 . His parents did not request a medical exam and did not check his INR. Six days after the injury, the INR was 2.23. The parents went to the emergency ward because the @entity1 had bilateral orbital @entity1410 . At admission, the INR was 5.6. The orbital @entity1410 was surgically evacuated in the emergency setting. @entity1939 occurred and remains a sequelae of the @entity1445 . COMMENTS AND CONCLUSION: VKA treatment requires close supervision to prevent @entity1445 , whose complications such as internal bleeding can have terrible consequences such as the case of @entity1939 reported herein. This case report is a strong argument in favor of an educational program for @entity1 with VKA treatment.

title: [ @entity2067 antagonist @entity1445 induced XXXX in an @entity1 : an argument for a therapeutic educational program].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral blindness', 'blindness']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['blindness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We report a novel bilateral suture lateralisation technique that allowed permanent tracheostomy decannulation in a @entity1 with severe @entity2121 vocal fold movement. CASE REPORT: A 45-year-old @entity1 presented to the accident and @entity341 with worsening @entity1353 . Flexible nasoendoscopy revealed limited vocal fold abduction and an emergency tracheostomy was sited; this was subsequently changed to a long-term @entity575 Negus tube. Her tracheostomy care was complicated by discomfort and dislodgement. The diagnosis of @entity2121 vocal fold movement was only made when the @entity1 presented to our department. Cognitive behaviour therapy and botulinum toxin injection were tried without success. A right vocal fold lateralisation procedure was performed, which enabled @entity346 . A left vocal fold lateralisation procedure was subsequently performed and the @entity1 was successfully decannulated, with significant improvement in quality of life. CONCLUSION: Paradoxical vocal fold movement is a rare condition that is most commonly managed by biofeedback sessions, relaxation manoeuvres or botulinum toxin injection. However, in cases similar to ours in which these treatments are unsuccessful, we suggest a 'last resort' technique to manage this rare condition.

title: Use of bilateral suture lateralisation technique in severe XXXX vocal fold movement, allowing removal of long-term tracheostomy: case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['temporary tracheostomy decannulation']

answer: @entity2121 :: (MESH:D019320,Disease) :: ['paradoxical']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The pathogenesis of denture-induced @entity82 has not been examined in detail to explain how tissue injury results in @entity1373 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We examined the presence of mast cells and myofibroblasts in 33 denture-induced @entity82 (DIFH) compared with 10 healthy gingival tissues. The parameters examined included mast cell numbers, tissue distribution, degranulation, and cell subtypes using immunohistochemistry. The presence of myofibroblasts and their likely origin was also examined by double immunofluorescense staining. Furthermore, we investigated the synthesis of @entity1096 and @entity2533 , considered to be involved in the transformation of a fibroblast to a myofibroblast. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the mast cell numbers are significantly increased in the DIFH compared with non-disease controls. The mast cell localization in lesions was higher in the superficial areas with inflammatory cell infiltration compared with the deep fibrotic area (P < 0.01). The number of tryptase-positive mast cells was significantly higher compared with chymase-positive ones. The @entity2533 - or @entity1096 -positive cell infiltration into the lesion was found in high numbers. The presence of myofibroblasts was identified in 14 of 33 cases (42%), and some of these cells showed apoptosis when assessed by the TUNEL assay. On the survey of the origin of myofibroblasts, results showed @entity1970 and @entity2277 positivity indicating these transformed from fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: These results are the first to show that mast cells and myofibroblasts can be detected in DIFH, indicating important roles of these cells in the pathogenesis of this lesion.

title: An assessment of mast cells and myofibroblasts in denture-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous hyperplasia of the oral mucosa']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrous hyperplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effect of @entity16377 (PA) incorporation into a bonding system on dentin/adhesive bond stability following long-term storage in buffer and collagenase. METHODS: @entity1 dentin surfaces were bonded with no PA (0-PA), PA incorporated in the primer (PA-primer), or PA incorporated in the adhesive (PA-adhesive), and composite build-ups were created. Following sectioning into beams, bonded specimens were stored in buffer or collagenase for 0, 1, 4, 26, or 52 weeks before being tested for microtensile bond strength (muTBS). ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post-hoc were performed. Fractured surfaces were viewed with @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). RESULTS: Both bonding system and storage time but not storage medium significantly affected muTBS. Initially, 0-PA and PA-primer were superior to PA-adhesive, and after 1 week both PA groups were inferior to 0-PA. However, after 4 weeks PA-adhesive had significantly increased and 0-PA significantly decreased such that all three groups were equal. Thereafter, both PA-primer/adhesive groups trended with an increase (the 0-PA group remaining consistent) such that at 52 weeks PA-primer samples were significantly stronger (P < 0.001) or nearly so (P = 0.08) when compared to 0-PA samples. @entity4653 revealed that initial @entity174 tended to occur at the middle/bottom of the hybrid layer for 0-PA and PA-primer groups but at the top of the hybrid layer/in the adhesive for PA-adhesive. After 4 weeks, however, all groups fractured similarly at the middle/bottom of the hybrid layer.

title: XXXX alter adhesive/dentin bonding strengths when included in a bonding system.

entities_list: @entity16377 :: ('MESH:D044945', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidins']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity16377 :: (MESH:D044945,Chemical) :: ['Proanthocyanidins']


abstract: Ten @entity95 with transparent ear chambers were grafted with small pieces of kidney. The resulting vessel @entity254 and restoration of renal blood flow allowed continuous microscopic observations of functioning renal tissue in vivo. When the grafts were well established, @entity810 was induced in the @entity95 by @entity653 injection. All cases showed similar changes. Within minutes the brisk blood flow within the renal grafts became progressively more sluggish until complete stasis was established. The initial change was a blanching of intertubular and glomerular capillaries with progressive @entity8 . Only after almost complete cessation of blood flow in most graft vessels, generally after a further 10 minutes, was any change in arteries or arterioles observed. The afferent arterioles and then larger arteries showed constriction followed by complete stasis. The ear chamber vessels (nonrenal) continued to flow normally. Blood flow was slowly re-established in the grafts and by the next day was normal in the surviving @entity95 . These studies provided visual in vivo evidence that the mechanism of @entity653 -induced @entity810 is mediated by a reversible @entity8 and that the factors responsible act particularly on renal vasculature. However, the mechanism whereby blood flow ceases is obscure and it cannot be attributed to arterial or arteriolar constriction.

title: The mechanism of XXXX -induced @entity810 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia', 'dilation and stasis of renal veins']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['glycerol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a program of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) on therapeutic Inertia (TI) in mild-to-moderate @entity101 (AHT). DESIGN: Controlled, randomised clinical trial. SETTING: Forty six clinics in 35 primary care centres. Spain. @entity1 : A total of 232 @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity101 were included. INTERVENTION: Two groups with 116 @entity1 were formed: 1) Control group (CG): standard health intervention; 2) Intervention group (IG): @entity1 who were included in the HBPM program. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: TI was calculated by the ratio: Number of @entity1 whose pharmacological treatment was not changed in each visit/Number of @entity1 with an average BP 140mmHg and/or 90mmHg in the general population or 130 and/or 90 mmHg in diabetics. The mean BPs and the percentage of controlled @entity1 were calculated. The mean number of @entity1 that required an intervention in order to avoid TI was calculated (NI). RESULTS: A total of 209 @entity1 completed the study, with TI in 35.64% (95% CI=29.85%-41.43%) of the sample, and in 71.63% (95% CI=63.9-79.36%) of the uncontrolled @entity101 @entity1 . The TI was 22.42% (95% CI=24.2-37%) in the IG and 50% (95% CI=37.75-62.25) in the CG (p<.05) in visit 2, and 25.23% (95% CI=14.84-35.62) and 46.07% (95% CI=33.85-58.29) in the final visit for IG and CG, respectively (P<.05). The NI was 4.3. CONCLUSIONS: TI was very significant among the uncontrolled @entity101 @entity1 . The studied interventions are effective for improving TI.

title: [Prevention of therapeutic inertia in the treatment of arterial XXXX by using a program of home blood pressure monitoring].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A low-dose, three-drug regimen, C.M.F. ( @entity786 50 mg, p.o., days 1-14; @entity1499 , 25 mg, and @entity1487 , 500 mg, i.v., days 1 and 8; cycled every 28 days) was used in 46 consecutive chemtherapy-eligible @entity1 (41 previously hormonally treated) with recurrent @entity0 . Thirteen percent of the @entity1 had complete regressions (C.R.); 33% had partial regressions (P.R.); 26% stabilized; and 28% progressed. In evaluating response by sites of @entity3 , lymph nodes (30%), lung nodules (22%), and subcutaneous deposits (2/3) had the highest incidence of C.R.; 46-71% of @entity1 with lymph node, lung, subcutaneous, liver, breast, or peritoneal disease showed C.R. or P.R. Skin and @entity456 responded in 30% of @entity1 whereas no @entity1 had radiographic healing of bony @entity3 . The @entity137 was minimal: 7% gastrointestinal, 26% marrow-suppressive, and 7% infectious. This low-dose C.M.F. regimen resulted in regression resulted in regression rates similar to higher dose C.M.F. protocols, which use approximately twice these drug dosages with commensurate @entity137 .

title: An effective low-dose intermittent XXXX , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 treatment regimen for metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural disease']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study circulating @entity1254 concentrations in relation to @entity6 duration and endogenous insulin secretion in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . @entity1 : @entity1 with haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 6% (reference range 3.6-5.4%) were selected for the study. Twenty-two @entity1 and 24 @entity1 [age 41.3 +/- 13.8 years (mean +/- SD), @entity6 duration 4 months to 52 years] participated. Healthy controls (15 @entity1 and nine @entity1 , age 41.3 +/- 13.0 years) were also included. Overnight fasting serum samples were analysed for @entity1254 , HbA1c, C-peptide and lipoproteins. RESULTS: Significant positive associations were found between @entity1254 concentrations and @entity6 duration in univariate and multiple regression analyses. Serum @entity1254 averaged 9.7 +/- 5.3 [median 8.1, interquartile range (IQR) 3.6] mg/l in @entity1 with @entity6 duration less than 10 years and 17.8 +/- 10.7 (median 14.7, IQR 7.5) mg/l in @entity1 with longer duration (P = 0.0001). Among the @entity1 , 24 were without detectable (< 100 pmol/l) and 22 with detectable C-peptide levels (185 +/- 91 pmol/l). C-peptide levels in controls averaged 492 +/- 177 pmol/l. HbA1c was 5.7 +/- 0.6% in @entity1 without detectable C-peptide and 5.6 +/- 0.4% in @entity1 with detectable C-peptide (ns). Serum @entity1254 was higher in @entity1 without detectable C-peptide than in @entity1 with detectable C-peptide [17.3 +/- 11.1 vs. 10.6 +/- 5.8 mg/l (P < 0.005)] and in the controls [10.1 +/- 2.9 mg/l (P < 0.001 vs. @entity1 without detectable C-peptide)]. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in circulating @entity1254 concentrations in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 appears to be strongly associated with long @entity6 duration, irrespective of the metabolic control. Among other factors, a putative role for residual beta-cell function in the regulation of circulating @entity1254 levels can be considered but we did not find sufficient evidence for this in the present study.

title: Elevated circulating @entity1254 in type 1 @entity6 is associated with long XXXX duration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the anti- @entity5 effects of combined cytotoxic drug ( @entity136 ) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on @entity1 @entity788 xenograft in @entity19 . METHODS: @entity1 @entity788 cell line SW1990 was used in the investigation of the in vivo effect of combined @entity136 and PDT on @entity1 @entity788 xenograft in @entity19 . Sixty @entity19 were randomly allocated into a control group (without treatment), photosensitizer treatment group (2 mg/kg photosan, without illumination), chemotherapy group (50 mg/kg @entity136 i.p.), PDT group (2 mg/kg photosan + laser irradiation) and combined treatment group (photosan + chemotherapy), with 12 @entity19 in each group. @entity5 size was measured twice every week. Anti- @entity5 activity in different groups was evaluated by @entity5 growth inhibition (TGI). RESULTS: No significant anti- @entity5 effect was observed either in photosensitizer treatment group or in chemotherapy group. PDT led to @entity39 in @entity5 and significantly reduced @entity5 volume compared with photosensitizer on day 6 and at the following time points after initialization of therapy (0.24 +/- 0.15-0.49 +/- 0.08 vs 0.43 +/- 0.18-1.25 +/- 0.09, P < 0.05). PDT significantly reduced @entity5 volume in combined treatment group compared with photosensitizer treatment group (0.12 +/- 0.07-0.28 +/- 0.12 vs 0.39 +/- 0.15-1.20 +/- 0.11, P < 0.05), small dose chemotherapy group (0.12 +/- 0.07-0.28 +/- 0.12 vs 0.32 +/- 0.14-1.16 +/- 0.08, P < 0.05) and control group (0.12 +/- 0.07-0.28 +/- 0.12 vs 0.43 +/- 0.18-1.25 +/- 0.09, P < 0.05). TGI was higher in the combined treatment group (82.42%) than in the PDT group (58.18%). CONCLUSION: PDT has a significant anti- @entity5 effect, which is maintained for a short time and can be significantly enhanced by small doses of @entity136 .

title: Synergetic anticancer effect of combined @entity136 and photodynamic therapy on XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'cancer lesions']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: @entity1 fatigue, caused by @entity25 , extended wakefulness, and/or circadian misalignment, is a major cause of workplace errors, incidents and accidents. In some industries, employees are required to undertake @entity410 for duty testing at the start of a shift to identify instances where their fatigue risk is elevated, so that minimisation and/or mitigation strategies can be implemented. @entity10409 has been proposed as a @entity410 for duty test for fatigue, but it is largely untested. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of @entity25 , extended wakefulness and circadian phase on postural balance. Fourteen male @entity1 spent 10 consecutive days in a sleep laboratory, including three adaptation days and eight simulated shiftwork days. To simulate a quickly rotating roster, shiftwork days were scheduled to begin 4h later each day, and consisted of a 23.3-h wake episode and a 4.7-h sleep opportunity. Every 2.5h during wake, balance was measured while standing as still as possible on a force platform with @entity735 for one minute, and eyes closed for one minute. Subjective @entity25 was assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Core body temperature, continuously recorded with rectal thermistors, was used to determine circadian phase. For measures of postural balance and subjective @entity25 , data were analysed using three separate repeated measures ANOVA with two within-subjects factors: circadian phase (six phases) and prior wake (nine levels). For subjective @entity25 , there was a significant effect of prior wake and circadian phase. In particular, @entity25 increased as prior wake increased, and was higher during biological night-time than biological daytime. For the @entity735 balance task, there was no effect of prior wake or circadian phase. For the eyes closed balance task, there was a significant effect of circadian phase such that balance was poorer during the biological night-time than biological daytime, but there was no effect of prior wake. These results indicate that postural balance may be a viable tool for assessing fatigue associated with time of day, but may not be useful for assessing fatigue associated with extended hours of wake.

title: Can a simple balance task be used to assess XXXX for duty?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity10409 :: ('MESH:D054972', 'Disease') :: ['Postural balance']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eyes open']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'sleep loss']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['fitness']


abstract: Extranodal natural killer/ @entity784 , nasal type (ENKTL) is an @entity146 , and no standard treatment and validated prognostic model were established. Serum sIL-2Ra levels were measured in 94 ENKTL @entity1 to evaluate its relationship with clinical features, treatment response, and prognosis. Serum sIL-2Ra level was 2964    1613.6 ng/L in ENKTL @entity1 , higher than in normal healthy controls (p < 0.05). Using median level (2508.5 ng/L) as cutoff, @entity1 were divided into higher- and lower-level group (N = 47 for each). The complete remission and overall remission rate were significantly higher in lower-level group (p < 0.05). After a median follow-up time of 22.0 months, 2-year @entity1349 and progression-free survival rates were 60.0 and 53.0 %, respectively. Lower sIL-2Ra level significantly correlated with better progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (p = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). IPI score and treatment responses after 2 cycles of chemotherapy significantly correlated with PFS and @entity1349 (p < 0.05). In a multivariate Cox regression model that included IPI score, treatment responses, and sIL-2Ra level, all three parameters were independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 (p = 0.043, 0.001, and 0.025, respectively), and the last two parameters were also independent factors for PFS (p = 0.005 and 0.005, respectively). Elevated serum sIL-2Ra level was related to poor responses to treatments and can be used as a valuable biomarker for disease activity. Moreover, serum sIL-2Ra was an independent prognostic factor for both @entity1349 and PFS. These results need to be validated in prospective trials and may support the incorporation of anti- @entity2902 targeted therapy into the treatment realm of ENKTL.

title: Clinical significance of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor-a in extranodal natural killer/ XXXX (ENKTL): a predictive biomarker for treatment efficacy and valuable prognostic factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: @entity146 is an important indicator of compromised welfare. Zoo elephants are documented to perform stereotypic behavior, but the factors that contribute to performance have not been systematically assessed. We collected behavioral data on 89 elephants (47 African [ @entity16870 ], 42 Asian [ @entity7105 ]) at 39 North American zoos during the summer and winter. Elephants were videoed for a median of 12 daytime hours per season. A subset of 32 elephants (19 African, 13 Asian) was also observed live for a median of 10.5 nighttime hours. Percentages of visible behavior scans were calculated from five minute instantaneous samples. @entity146 was the second most commonly performed behavior (after feeding), making up 15.5% of observations during the daytime and 24.8% at nighttime. Negative binomial regression models fitted with generalized estimating equations were used to determine which social, housing, management, life history, and demographic variables were associated with daytime and nighttime stereotypic behavior rates. Species was a significant risk factor in both models, with @entity7105 at greater risk (daytime: p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 4.087; nighttime: p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 8.015). For both species, spending time housed separately (p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 1.009), and having experienced inter-zoo transfers (p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 1.175), increased the risk of performing higher rates of stereotypy during the day, while spending more time with juvenile elephants (p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 0.985), and engaging with zoo staff reduced this risk (p = 0.018, Risk Ratio = 0.988). At night, spending more time in environments with both indoor and outdoor areas (p = 0.013, Risk Ratio = 0.987) and in larger social groups (p = 0.039, Risk Ratio = 0.752) corresponded with reduced risk of performing higher rates of stereotypy, while having experienced inter-zoo transfers (p = 0.033, Risk Ratio = 1.115) increased this risk. Overall, our results indicate that factors related to the social environment are most influential in predicting @entity16871 stereotypic behavior rates.

title: The Days and Nights of Zoo Elephants: Using Epidemiology to Better Understand Stereotypic Behavior of African Elephants ( XXXX ) and @entity7105 ( @entity7105 ) in North American Zoos.

entities_list: @entity16870 :: ('9785', 'Species') :: ['Loxodonta africana']

entities_list: @entity7105 :: ('9783', 'Species') :: ['Elephas maximus', 'Asian elephants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Stereotypic behavior']

answer: @entity16870 :: (9785,Species) :: ['Loxodonta africana']


abstract: A 66-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity2293 . Pericardiocentesis revealed @entity2396 . Enhanced computed tomography showed a saccular @entity439 of the aortic arch. An irregularly shaped and partially enhanced mass was seen adjacent to the @entity439 , which suggested development of a mycotic @entity2849 . Surgical drainage was performed through a subxiphoid incision, and continuous irrigation was commenced. On the following day, however, @entity548 was recognized through the drains. The @entity1 was immediately transferred to the operating theater, and extracorporeal circulation was established. A perforation 1 cm in diameter was found on the anterior surface of the pulmonary trunk, and a large amount of pus came out from the tear. The ascending aorta and the arch were found to be infected. Surgical repair was impossible due to extensive @entity281 , and the @entity1 died. @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 was isolated from the @entity2294 , blood, and intraluminal thrombus of the @entity449 .

title: Infected @entity449 , @entity2396 , and pulmonary trunk rupture caused by XXXX -resistant @entity794 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['purulent pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity3256 :: (MESH:D008712,Chemical) :: ['methicillin']


abstract: Transmitting information via communicative signals is integral to interacting with conspecifics, and some species achieve this task by varying vocalizations to reflect context. Although signal variation is critical to social interactions, the underlying neural control has not been studied. In response to a predator, black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla) produce mobbing calls ( @entity1573 -a-dee calls) with various parameters, some of which convey information about the threat stimulus. We predicted that vocal parameters indicative of threat would be associated with distinct patterns of neuronal activity within brain areas involved in social behavior and those involved in the sensorimotor control of vocal production. To test this prediction, we measured the syntax and structural aspects of @entity1573 -a-dee call production in response to a hawk model and assessed the protein product of the immediate early gene @entity13342 in brain regions implicated in context-specific vocal and social behavior. These regions include the medial preoptic area (POM) and @entity5381 ( @entity5381 ), as well as regions involved in vocal motor control, including the dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular complex and the HVC. We found correlations linking call rate (previously demonstrated to reflect threat) to labeling in the POM and @entity5381 . Labeling in the HVC correlated with the number of D notes per call, which may also signal threat level. Labeling in the call control region dorsomedial nucleus was associated with the structure of D notes and the overall number of notes, but not call rate or type of notes produced. These results suggest that the POM and @entity5381 may influence attributes of vocalizations produced in response to predators and that the brain region implicated in song control, the HVC, also influences call production. Because variation in @entity1573 -a-dee call rate indicates predator threat, we speculate that these areas could integrate with motor control regions to imbue mobbing signals with additional information about threat level.

title: Vocal parameters that indicate threat level correlate with XXXX immunolabeling in social and vocal control brain regions.

entities_list: @entity5381 :: ('MESH:D061270', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'lateral septum']

answer: @entity13342 :: (396512(Tax:9031),Gene) :: ['FOS']


abstract: The aim of our study was to evaluate renal resistive index (RI) value in never treated @entity101 @entity1 in relation to ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) values and early target organ damage. The study included 318 subjects: 223 @entity1 with never treated essential @entity101 (mean age 37.1 years) and 95 normotensive healthy subjects (mean age 37.9 years). ABPM, echocardiography and carotid and renal arteries duplex color Doppler examinations were performed. RI values in @entity1 with never treated essential @entity101 were no different from the normotensive control group (0.59 +/- 0.05 vs 0.59 +/- 0.05; NS). In the untreated @entity1 RI correlated significantly with 24-h pulse pressure (r=0.234; p<0.01) and ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) values (r=0.274; p<0.001), @entity121 ( @entity121 ) (r=0.249; p<0.001), E'/A' (rho= -0.279; p<0.001) and @entity121 ( @entity121 ; r=0.185; p<0.01). In the multivariate stepwise analysis, RI values correlated independently with carotid @entity121 (beta=0.272; p=0.020) and 24-h AASI values (beta=0.305; p=0.009). In normotensive healthy controls, significant independent correlation between RI and carotid @entity121 and 24-h AASI values were also found. Our study may indicate limited value of RI in differentiating @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity101 with healthy controls. Renal resistive values were independently correlated with carotid @entity121 and AASI. These may suggest that renal vascular resistance is related to two markers for @entity65 both in the @entity101 and normotensive subjects.

title: Relationship between renal resistive index and early target organ damage in XXXX with never-treated essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'relative wall thickness', 'intima-media thickness', 'RWT']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: L-type @entity2388 kinase gene regulation is an excellent model of gene control by hormones and diet. In vivo and ex vivo experiments allowed us to established that thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids act on @entity2388 kinase gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In contrast, @entity413 and @entity2690 together stimulate transcription of this gene while glucagon inhibits it. @entity2690 or @entity413 are individually inefficient and glucagon-dependent transcriptional inhibition seems to be dominant in @entity2690 + @entity413 -dependent activation. A 14-kbp fragment encompassing the entire @entity2388 kinase gene and 3.2-kbp of 5' flanking sequences is expressed in @entity19 exactly like the endogenous gene; the 3.2-kbp upstream region is sufficient to confer this tissue-specific and hormone/diet-regulated expression to reporter genes. In vivo, DNAse I hypersensitivity analysis revealed the presence of 3 liver-specific groups of hypersensitive sites (HSS). The proximal sites, between + 1 and -183 bp with respect to the start site of transcription, were, in addition, transcription-dependent. The nature and functional role of proteins binding to this proximal upstream sequence were analyzed by in vitro binding and cell free transcription experiments. The existence of more upstream cis-acting elements was investigated by transient transfection assays using differentiated @entity157 cell lines and hepatocytes in primary culture. These experiments permitted the detection of an extinguisher active in @entity157 Hep G2 cells but not in hepatocytes, and of an activating element which could correspond to a distal HSS. Unfortunately, this investigation has not yet allowed us to determine with accuracy the DNA elements responsible for response to diet and hormones.

title: Positive and negative regulation of gene expression by XXXX and glucagon: the model of L-type @entity2388 kinase gene.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: @entity149 occur in a substantial portion of @entity1 with @entity1252 . However, @entity772 is a rare presentation and is usually secondary to complications such as @entity510 , @entity410 , or @entity63 . Here, we present a 49-year-old @entity1 with @entity1252 and a history of recurrent @entity5827 and mild @entity510 who presented with altered mental status and lethargy that progressed rapidly over hours to the @entity3976 of @entity772 , extensor posturing, and unilateral @entity384 . Spinal fluid showed massive protein elevation (>1600), and head computed tomography revealed @entity2657 . The clinical and radiologic findings rapidly reversed with intravenous @entity288 and @entity2656 within 24 hours, and her mental status improved to baseline. Her course was complicated by 2 episodes of recurrent @entity75 when corticosteroids were tapered; these resolved after resuming high dosing. Because of ongoing @entity3043 , chemotherapy immunosuppression was delayed, and instead she received intravenous immunoglobulin with improvement in the @entity3043 . She remained cognitively intact during subsequent corticosteroid tapering. Rapid development of @entity772 in @entity1252 @entity1 may be due to a primary process of the disease impacting blood brain barrier integrity. Although rare, this potentially fatal complication may be reversible with acute corticosteroid administration.

title: Transient life-threatening @entity2657 in a XXXX with @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['global cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary dilation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Central nervous system symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus', 'lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: To evaluate the utility of @entity12862 ( @entity12862 ; PW, CW and color), 67 @entity1 affected by @entity4794 (20 M, 47 F, mean age 52 years) were submitted to @entity12862 examination. Right and left cardiac catheterization were performed in 20 @entity1 within 24 hours before @entity12862 . Mitral area obtained by Doppler method (Hatle's formula) correlated highly with both echo-2 dimensional and hemodynamic area (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001; r = 0.95, p less than 0.001 respectively). It was possible to calculate systolic pulmonary pressure, in @entity1 with @entity997 , (43.9 +/- 14.9 mmHg, range 25-80) which correlated significantly (r = 0.95, p less than 0.001) with hemodynamic data (40.2 +/- 12.7 mmHg, range 20-70). The left atrial-left ventricular pressure gradient was 15.6 +/- 6.9 mmHg, range 6-32; the mean pressure gradient was 8.4 +/- 3.7 mmHg, range 3-17; the pressure half time 170.2 +/- 62.3 ms, range 83-330. We observed different types of direction of transmitral jets: centrally directed (n = 34); forward antero-lateral wall (n = 28); toward interventricular septum (n = 5). The transmitral jets presented 4 different appearances: scimitar-shaped (n = 28); candle flame (n = 24); mushroom (n = 9); double-jets (n = 6). No correlation was observed between the different types of transmitral jets (direction and appearance) and the parameters obtained by Doppler (PW and CW): velocities, pressure half-time, gradients. Thus, Doppler echocardiography permits a complete anatomic and functional evaluation of @entity1 with @entity4794 . We have not observed any correlation between the hemodynamic data and the different types of transmitral jets visualized by color Doppler.

title: [Doppler echocardiography in the functional evaluation of XXXX with pure @entity4794 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['pure mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid incompetence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We report a rare case of @entity1409 of an asymptomatic, @entity932 cyst. A 64-year-old @entity1 complained of transient @entity1296 . MRI incidentally disclosed a 20-mm-diameter cystic lesion in the left cerebellopontine angle. Since the cyst was asymptomatic, follow-up MRIs were performed. One year later, sudden @entity10 and @entity2895 occurred. MRI showed niveau formation within the cyst and scattered fat droplets within the cerebrospinal fluid space, which indicated a @entity1409 of the @entity48 . Since @entity1276 on MRI and gait disturbance appeared 2 months later, the @entity5 was resected, and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted. The @entity1 's symptoms disappeared, and there were no postoperative @entity51 . The pathological diagnosis was @entity48 . Only 48 cases of @entity1409 of a @entity48 have been reported. All were symptomatic, and MRI showed a large cyst. Of these cases, none was detected incidentally. Therefore, this is the first case report of an incidentally found @entity48 that ruptured spontaneously. Although asymptomatic, small @entity48 are usually followed up by MRI without surgical intervention. The possibility of @entity1409 , which may give rise to @entity1276 , as in this case, should always be kept in mind.

title: [Case report: @entity1409 of an asymptomatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial dermoid']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['left oculomotor palsy']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cysts', 'dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial dermoid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) have limited prognoses. They require long-lasting symptom relief with minimal hospitalization. Indwelling @entity456 (IPCs) and talc pleurodesis are approved treatments for @entity3483 . Establishing the implications of IPC and talc pleurodesis on subsequent hospital stay will influence @entity1 choice of treatment. Therefore, our objective was to compare @entity1 with @entity3483 treated with IPC vs pleurodesis in terms of hospital bed days (from procedure to @entity204 or end of follow-up) and safety. METHODS: In this prospective, 12-month, multicenter study, @entity1 with @entity3483 were treated with IPC or talc pleurodesis, based on @entity1 choice. Key end points were hospital bed days from procedure to @entity204 (total and effusion-related). Complications, including @entity281 , were monitored longitudinally. RESULTS: One hundred sixty @entity1 with @entity3483 were recruited, and 65 required definitive fluid control; 34 chose IPCs and 31 pleurodesis. Total hospital bed days (from any causes) were significantly fewer in @entity1 with IPCs (median, 6.5 days; interquartile range [IQR] = 3.75-13.0 vs pleurodesis, mean, 18.0; IQR, 8.0-26.0; P = .002). Effusion-related hospital bed days were significantly fewer with IPCs (median, 3.0 days; IQR, 1.8-8.3 vs pleurodesis, median, 10.0 days; IQR, 6.0-18.0; P < .001). @entity1 with IPCs spent significantly fewer of their remaining days of life in hospital (8.0% vs 11.2%, P < .001,   (2) = 28.25). Fewer @entity1 with IPCs required further pleural procedures (13.5% vs 32.3% in pleurodesis group). There was no difference in rates of @entity281 ( @entity24094 ) and protein ( @entity9135 ) or albumin loss ( @entity9822 ). More @entity1 treated with IPC reported immediate (within 7 days) improvements in quality of life and @entity1353 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 treated with IPCs required significantly fewer days in hospital and fewer additional pleural procedures than those who received pleurodesis. Safety profiles and symptom control were comparable.

title: Indwelling @entity456 reduce inpatient days over pleurodesis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and protein depletion', 'pleural infection']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['MPE', 'malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural catheters']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusion']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine if radical trachelectomy with pelvic lymphonodectomy could be a method for treatment of early cervical @entity5 to preserve fertility. We examined 12 @entity1 who were operatively treated from 1996. to 2006. year. Diagnostic method for cervical @entity5 was histologic examination, cone or biopsy. Histologic condition was @entity189 well differented. Two of the @entity1 had @entity9216 stage, seven had @entity9217 , and three of them had @entity3846 . We performed abdominal radical trachelectomy with pelvic lymphonodectomy. Resectional edges were patohistologically analyzed ex tempore, as well as lymphonodi, selectively. According to ex tempore analysis we determined if the radical trachelectomy should be done. In one @entity1 resectional edges were positive, so she underwent radical hysterectomy. Postoperatively we found a positive lymphonodus in one @entity1 , so we continued radiation therapy. In two-year follow-up period we did not find any sign of @entity5 . We concluded that radical trachelectomy with pelvic lymphonodectomy could be appropriate method for treatment of early @entity5 .

title: [Radical treachelectomy in treatment of early stages of cervical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer', 'cancer', 'stage cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['planocelular carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: 1. @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) beta 1----4galactosyltransferase has been characterized and its properties compared to the @entity1 enzyme. 2. Transfer of @entity3649 to @entity29431 (Lc3) was optimal in the presence of 0.12% @entity29432 and @entity3281 , in a pH range of 6.5-7.5. 3. Apparent Km values for donor @entity29433 and acceptor Lc3 were determined to be 40 and 38 microM, respectively. 4. Glycolipid substrate specificity was found with only Lc3 being an efficient acceptor. Transfer of @entity3649 to @entity29434 , efficient with @entity1 enzyme, was 42-fold slower. 5. In contrast to @entity1 enzyme, @entity5660 beta 1----4galactosyltransferase was found to be independent from regulation by alpha-lactalbumin by the inability of alpha-lactalbumin-Sepharose to bind the enzyme and by failure of alpha-lactalbumin to inhibit the enzyme activity.

title: Glycolipid biosynthesis in XXXX : characterization of a beta 1----4galactosyltransferase independent from regulation by alpha-lactalbumin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Salmo gairdneri', 'Rainbow trout', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity29431 :: ('MESH:C025575', 'Chemical') :: ['lactotriaosylceramide']

entities_list: @entity29433 :: ('MESH:D014531', 'Chemical') :: ['UDPgalactose']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity29434 :: ('CHEBI:62941', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylceramide']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the process of @entity79 and also to examine the ultrastructural features of the cells and the resorbed sites of bone matrix in experimental @entity2521 . To induce the @entity2521 , a defect was prepared with a endodontic reamer in the proximal surfaces of the upper 1st and 2nd molars of @entity35 . The process of the bone resorption was examined histopathologically once a week for 3 weeks. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) were used to examine the cells and the bone matrix using the specimens taken 2 or 3 weeks after the start of the experiment. The alveolar bone resorptions of interdental areas were observed 2 weeks after starting the experiment and it continued to progress longitudinally. After 3 weeks, concave @entity604 appeared on the buccal surfaces of the bone. The resorbed bone surface revealed by TEM typical osteoclasts, macrophages and mononuclear cells resorbing collagen fibrils. These cells resorbing collagen fibrils which worked with the osteoclasts appeared frequently in resorbed sites. Numerous osteoblasts appeared on the resorbed area. However, judging from their undeveloped organelles, their function seemed to remain inactive and unproductive. @entity4653 showed many resorbed lacunae in the alveolar bone in interdental areas and the differences in the ultrastructural features of the resorption lacunae were distinctive. These findings suggest that the massive and rapid bone resorption in experimental @entity2521 is the result of @entity2915 and @entity308 osteoblastic activity. The different ultrastructural features of each lacunae were results of the resorbing stage.

title: [Ultrastructural study of bone cells and matrix incident in experimental XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increased osteoclastic activity']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'Scanning Electron Microscopy']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to observe the @entity1 hair follicle apoptosis status affected by @entity2862 and the antagonism effect by @entity4259 in vitro. METHODS: The single hair follicles were separated and cultured, then they were added in different concentrations of @entity3163 and @entity11822 . Chosen the appropriate concentrations, they were divided into 7 groups. The TUNEL was used to investigate the apoptotic cells of different parts. The morphous of hair follicles was observed consecutively and electron microscope was used. RESULTS: We found that in 1 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L @entity3163 groups, when the @entity1 hair follicles in vitro were cultured on the 5th day, the apoptotic cells of outer root sheath (ORS), dermal sheath and hair papilla, hair bulb were obviously increased. But 0.01 mmol/L @entity11822 weakened the @entity137 of 1 mmol/L @entity3163 at the outer root sheath and hair bulb (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Different concentrations of @entity3163 had different effect on the growth of @entity1 hair follicle in vitro which were cultured on 5th day. @entity3163 of certain concentration could accelerate the apoptosis of @entity1 hair follicle in vitro. @entity11822 of certain concentration could act antagonism to the @entity137 of @entity3163 .

title: [Apoptotic study on the effect of @entity2862 and XXXX on the @entity1 hair follicle in vitro].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium fluoride', 'sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity11822 :: ('MESH:D018038', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium selenite', 'Sodium selenite']

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorine']

answer: @entity4259 :: (MESH:D012643,Chemical) :: ['selenium']


abstract: The @entity365 ( @entity365 ) is a well-established surgical procedure for the treatment of female urinary @entity3142 . Midurethral position was thought not to be necessary to achieve continence. But in our study, a @entity1 with stress urinary @entity322 was treated with a @entity365 suburethral sling. The symptoms of stress urinary @entity322 still exist after the @entity365 procedure. With physical treatment and anti-inflammatory treatment, no relief was found. At the 50-day follow-up, the symptoms of @entity3142 worsened. Transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound revealed that the sling migrated from the midurethra to the @entity1494 . With adjustment of the sling, the symptom of @entity3142 was improved and no complication was observed at the 6- and 12-month follow-up. Sling migration should be considered in a @entity1 who presents with recurrent @entity3142 at the earlier postoperative period. We think that the midurethral position is necessary to achieve continence.

title: Which placement of the XXXX is more important for urinary continence: midurethral position or @entity1494 ? Consideration from a case report.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['tension-free vaginal tape', 'TVT']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['tension-free vaginal tape']


abstract: The article discusses three @entity1 with an intraocular @entity5132 - @entity281 . Vitrectomy was performed on two @entity1 in whom the @entity281 occurred after abdominal surgery. Both had significant corpus vitreum involvement. One of these @entity1 regained good visual acuity, while in the other @entity1 preretinal proliferation caused permanently @entity227 . The third @entity1 had only chorioretinal involvement. After intracranial surgery for acusticus @entity808 his general condition deteriorated and he developed @entity295 . He was treated with intravenous @entity2379 and visual acuity returned to normal. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for satisfactorily preservation of vision. Therefore @entity1 in risk groups with ocular complaints should be referred immediately to an ophthalmologist. Early diagnostic and therapeutic vitrectomy should be considered for all @entity1 with suspected vitreous involvement.

title: [Intraocular @entity5132 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['reduced vision']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Higher standardized uptake value (SUV) detected by @entity419 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) correlates with proliferation of primary @entity0 . The purpose of this study is to identify specific molecules upregulated in primary @entity0 with a high SUV and to examine their clinical significance. METHODS: We compared mRNA expression profiles between 14 @entity5 with low SUVs and 24 @entity5 with high SUVs by cDNA microarray. We identified @entity11704 ( @entity11704 ) and @entity22733 were upregulated in @entity5 with high SUVs. RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to validate these data. Clinical implication of @entity11704 and @entity22733 was examined for 253 archival @entity0 by the tissue microarray. RESULTS: The relative ratios of @entity11704 and @entity22733 expression levels to @entity217 were confirmed to be significantly higher in high SUV @entity5 than in low SUV @entity5 (p = 0.027 and 0.025, respectively) by RT-PCR. In immunohistochemical analysis of 47 node-negative @entity5 , the @entity11704 expression was significantly higher in the high SUV @entity5 (74%) than the low SUV @entity5 (45%) (p = 0.04), but membranous and cytoplasmic @entity22733 expressions did not significantly differ between both groups (p = 0.9 each). By the tissue microarray, @entity11704 (HR = 2.94) as well as @entity5 size (HR = 4.49), nodal positivity (HR = 4.1), and Ki67 (HR = 2.05) showed independent impact on the @entity1 ' prognosis. CONCLUSION: High @entity11704 expression, correlated with high SUV, was the prognostic indicators of primary @entity0 . Tumoral SUV levels may serve as a pretherapeutic indicator of @entity146 of @entity0 .

title: Expression of @entity11704 ( XXXX ) associated with higher FDG uptake on PET/CT, detected by cDNA microarray, predicts high-risk @entity1 with primary @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11704 :: ('1063', 'Gene') :: ['CENP-F', 'centromere protein F']

answer: @entity11704 :: (1063,Gene) :: ['CENP-F']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity5 in young Indians is increasing. Recent evidence suggests a probable existence of noncanonical tumorigenesis pathways in early-onset @entity14 @entity1 in India. The aim of the study was to evaluate @entity5 outcomes in @entity1  <=40 years with those >40 years. METHODS: An analysis of a prospective database of surgically treated @entity5 @entity1  <=40 years (group 1) and those >40 years (group 2) over 2 years was performed. Clinicopathological features, perioperative outcomes, and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 512 @entity1 with @entity14 treated surgically, 237 @entity1 (group 1-57 @entity1 ; group 2-180 @entity1 ) were diagnosed with nonmetastatic @entity420 . @entity1 in group 1 were more likely to present with locally advanced (stage III) disease (p   <   0.005) resulting in a higher proportion of them receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy ( @entity14042 -RT). There was no difference in morbidity and mortality between the two groups. Younger @entity1 had a significantly higher median total and positive lymph node yield (p   <   0.003). @entity1 in group 1 had a significantly lower overall DFS (p   <   0.005). Stage-specific DFS also demonstrated a significantly lower trend in stage III @entity1 in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Young @entity5 @entity1 in India tended to present more frequently with locally advanced @entity5 resulting in a higher proportion being treated with @entity14042 -RT. Stapled rectal anastomoses could be performed safely in young @entity1 even after @entity14042 -RT. The significantly poorer DFS in young Indian @entity1 with @entity5 was a novel finding and merits further investigation into @entity5 biology.

title: XXXX in young Indians--are these cancers different compared to their older counterparts?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III disease', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal cancer']


abstract: A 30-year-old non-German speaking @entity1 suffered an @entity3681 while playing beach volleyball. Conventional radiography did not reveal any @entity174 . The @entity1 was treated with a Geisha cast for immobilization and relief and was also informed about @entity158 -dependent weight bearing using an illustrated information sheet. In the course of the healing process the @entity1 consulted the orthopedic department a second time. During a third visit he left before consultation as he felt that the waiting time was too long. Because he disagreed with the treatment he visited an orthopedist who ordered a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the @entity1   s foot. The MRI scan revealed an undislocated @entity174 of the @entity196 bone. A control scan was conducted 2 months later and @entity158 ( @entity158 ) was diagnosed. The orthopedist ordered treatment based on a therapy with a VacoPed   orthesis. When there was no improvement in the healing process the @entity1 sued the orthopedic surgeon for medical malpractice due to incorrect load and subsequent @entity158 for     40,000. All courts up to the Federal Court of Germany dismissed the case as no expert witnesses could find any errors in treatment. The court held that the medical information of the non-German speaking @entity1 was sufficient against the defendant   s arguments. It is, however, noteworthy that the burden of proof for sufficient medical information of a @entity1 is always placed on the treating physician.

title: [Undislocated @entity174 of XXXX bone complicated by language barrier].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprain']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['cuneiform I']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['CRPS', 'pain', 'complex regional pain syndrome']

answer: @entity196 :: (MESH:D020754,Disease) :: ['cuneiform I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of tocolytics is central in delaying birth; however, therapeutic options vary in effectiveness and adverse events profiles, which in turn could have consequences for medical resource use and cost of treatment. Betamimetics are commonly used tocolytic agents, but their mechanism of action affects multiple organ systems leading to numerous adverse events. The availability of an @entity398 receptor antagonist, specific for prevention of @entity3152 , offers a treatment option that merits further evaluation. We aimed to compare economic implications of tocolysis using atosiban and betamimetics, considering treatment efficacy and safety, as well as cost consequences of treatment of associated adverse events. METHODS: A systematic literature review identified six randomised clinical trials, three of them double-blinded, comparing atosiban with betamimetics, in which tocolysis was initiated within 48 hours of admission. Cost of drug treatment was calculated based on trial protocols and German hospital drug purchase costs. G-DRG Grouper was used to obtain cost per case. The drug regimen was concordant with the German guidelines for the management of @entity3152 , with two alternative modalities of @entity7284 analysed: continuous or bolus administrations. RESULTS: According to the results of the meta-analysis of the three double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials, atosiban and betamimetics have similar efficacy (RR = 0.99, 95%CI:0.94-1.04, p = 0.772). Compared to betamimetics, use of atosiban was associated with a significantly lower frequency of adverse events for @entity591 , palpitation, @entity391 , @entity10 , hyperglycaemia, @entity400 , dyspnoea, @entity662 , hypocalemia and @entity591 . In our economic analysis, cost savings from using atosiban versus continuous, or bolus, @entity7284 was 423 @entity7634 per @entity1 from the payer's perspective. From the hospital's perspective, savings from using atosiban versus continuous @entity7284 ranged from 259 @entity7634 for 18 hours of tocolysis to 105 @entity7634 for 48 hours; the respective values for bolus @entity7284 were 244 @entity7634 and 55 @entity7634 . In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis atosiban was cost saving versus both continuous and bolus @entity7284 in 87%-100% of scenarios. CONCLUSION: In a German setting, atosiban is cost saving versus betamimetics in the treatment of @entity3152 from the payer, hospital and combined perspectives. Cost savings stem from the superior safety profile of @entity18219 .

title: Atosiban versus betamimetics in the treatment of XXXX in Germany: an economic evaluation.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'foetal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of @entity1712 ( @entity1712 ) in adults remains unclear. AIM: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of @entity1712 through a systematic review of published literature. METHODS: We conducted systematic literature searches in PubMed in September 2009. Studies were excluded if they contained any @entity1 below 18 years of age, published in languages other than English, or had no exact reporting of prevalence or incidence rates. RESULTS: Nine studies fulfilled the criteria; one evaluated a population-based sample, one examined @entity1 referred from a defined geographical region and seven studies examined the prevalence in a total of 6018 @entity1 in clinic or hospital settings. The lowest prevalence was reported in population-based studies (4 and 0.23 per 1000), followed by studies of unselected @entity1 (1.0%, 6.5%) and highest in the other five clinic/hospital based studies (2.2-48.2%). @entity1 were more affected in seven of eight studies (64.5-100%). The sample size weighted average prevalence from the population-based studies was 0.03%. For studies evaluating symptomatic @entity1 , it was 2.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1712 in adults varies considerably based on the study sampling frame: high in @entity1282 @entity1 , quite low in population-based studies and intermediate among unselected endoscopy @entity1 .

title: Systematic review: the epidemiology of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic oesophagitis', 'EoE']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic oesophagitis']


abstract: The benefit-to-risk ratio of using @entity927 ( @entity928 ) in paediatric cardiac surgery has not yet been determined. This systematic review evaluated studies that compared @entity928 to placebo in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. A systematic search was conducted in all relevant randomized controlled trials. The following information was extracted from the studies and analysed if relevant: demographic data, @entity928 dose and regimen of administration, cardiopulmonary bypass time, @entity190 and blood product transfusion at 24 h. From the studies screened, only 8 (848 @entity1 ) were included in the analysis. Most data were heterogeneously distributed and could not be analysed. Further, transfusion policies were not well defined for each study. @entity928 reduced the need for red blood cell transfusion by 6.4 ml kg(-1) day(-1) (I(2) = 0%, P = 0.45), platelet transfusion by 3.7 ml kg(-1) day(-1) (I(2) = 0%, P = 0.46) and fresh frozen plasma transfusion by 5.4 ml kg(-1) day(-1) (I(2) = 0%, P = 0.53). The number of @entity1 who avoided all blood product transfusions was not reported in most of the studies. Evaluation of the side effects associated with @entity928 use and the effects of the agent on postoperative morbidity and mortality was not possible from the data. There was marked variability in the dosage and infusion schemes used in different studies. This systematic review showed that in paediatric cardiac surgery, the benefit-to-risk ratio associated with the use of @entity928 cannot be adequately defined. Evidence supporting the routine use of @entity928 in paediatric cardiac surgery remains weak.

title: Efficacy of XXXX in paediatric cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['tranexamic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumour expression of selected microRNAs (miRs) correlates with @entity900 efficacy in multiple @entity5 . We investigated the role of selected miRs in @entity1 receiving @entity900 -based therapy for advanced @entity189 ( @entity189 ). METHODS: RNA was extracted from @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity5 from 83 advanced @entity189 @entity1 who received @entity900 . A @entity11216 panel based on relevance for @entity902 sensitivity and @entity189 was studied by quantitative reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Association of progression-free survival (PFS) with @entity11216 expression was analysed using cox regression. Selected TFs were chosen by association with the panel of miRs using the Transcription Regulation algorithm (GeneGo MetaCore+MetaDrug version 6.23 build 67496). @entity150 ( @entity150 ) cell lines were used to investigate the previously described role of @entity10017 mediating @entity900 sensitivity. RESULTS: The 83 @entity1 had a median PFS of 8 months. In multivariate analysis, higher levels of @entity16262 (P=0.01, HR: 1.95 (1.14, 3.33)), @entity10017 (P=0.01, HR: 2.01 (1.17, 3.45)) and @entity22246 (P=0.05, HR: 1.70 (1.00, 2.89)) were associated with a shorter PFS. In the 8 @entity150 cell lines, @entity10017 was not shown to be necessary nor sufficient for modulating @entity900 sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: In metastatic @entity189 @entity1 treated with @entity900 -based therapy, high primary @entity5 levels of @entity16262 , @entity10017 and @entity22246 are associated with poor PFS independent of clinical prognostic factors. The in vitro study could not confirm @entity10017 levels role in modulating @entity902 sensitivity.

title: Association of @entity5 microRNA profiling with outcomes in XXXX with advanced @entity189 receiving first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, @entity2983 ( @entity3504 )/ @entity3378 is used to empirically treat @entity1 with intestinal @entity2403 ( @entity2403 ) without clear clinical evidence. In this study, we investigated long-term clinical outcomes and predictors of clinical relapse in @entity1 with intestinal @entity2403 receiving @entity3504 / @entity3378 maintenance therapy. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all the @entity1 with intestinal @entity2403 , who received @entity3504 / @entity3378 therapy in a single tertiary academic medical center between March 1986 and January 2011. The cumulative probabilities of clinical relapse after remission were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Predictors of clinical relapse were identified by univariate analysis using the log-rank test and by multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: Among the 143 @entity1 enrolled, 46 (32.2%) had a clinical relapse while they were being treated with @entity3504 / @entity3378 therapy. The cumulative relapse rates at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years after remission were 8.1%, 22.6%, 31.2%, and 46.7%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, a younger age (<35 y) at the time of diagnosis, higher C-reactive protein level (>= 1.5 mg/dL), and a higher disease activity index for intestinal @entity2403 score (>= 60) at the time of @entity3504 / @entity3378 initiation were independent predictors of relapse in @entity1 with intestinal @entity2403 receiving @entity3504 / @entity3378 maintenance therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that @entity3504 / @entity3378 therapy has a positive effect in maintaining remission in @entity1 with intestinal @entity2403 . However, a younger age (<35 y), higher C-reactive protein level (>= 1.5 mg/dL), and a higher disease activity index for intestinal @entity2403 score (>= 60) were associated with a poor response to @entity3504 / @entity3378 therapy, making careful observation and intensive treatment necessary in these risk groups.

title: Long-term clinical outcomes and factors predictive of relapse after @entity2983 or XXXX therapy in @entity1 with intestinal @entity2403 .

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'Behcet disease']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity3378 :: (MESH:D012460,Chemical) :: ['sulfasalazine']


abstract: Major improvement in the homeothermic ability of the @entity35 occurs during the first 2 weeks of postnatal development. Changes in thermoregulatory responsiveness to a single injection of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) may occur during this period. Immature @entity35 (2-3, 8-9, and 14-15 days of age) were administered either saline or @entity167 (2 or 4 g/kg BW; ip) at thermoneutral ambient temperatures (Ta). In one experiment, metabolic rate (MR) and body temperatures (colonic and skin) were recorded for 1-3 hr postinjection. A second experiment determined blood @entity167 concentration in @entity35 from the 3 age groups over an 8-hr period following injection of @entity167 . 4 g @entity167 /kg produced few significant reductions in thermoregulatory function of 2-3 day-old @entity35 , but decreased MR by 16% and colonic temperature by 0.5-0.7 degrees C in 8-15 day-old animals. 2 g @entity167 /kg had no effect on 8-9 day-old @entity35 , but reduced MR and colonic temperature in @entity35 aged 14-15 days. In every case, the hypothermic response to @entity167 was correlated with a reduction in MR. Back and abdominal skin temperatures decreased with colonic temperature, and tail skin temperature indicated @entity167 -induced vasoconstriction in older @entity35 . Blood @entity167 concentrations were similar in the three age groups during the first 2 hr postinjection and did not explain differences in metabolic response. The magnitude and duration of thermoregulatory responsiveness to @entity167 increases with age in the immature @entity35 .

title: Age-dependent differences in the thermoregulatory response of the immature @entity35 to XXXX .

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Bisphosphonates have been used effectively to treat established @entity170 and prevent @entity14577 . However, the optimal manner of its administration-whether cyclic or continuous-has not been well established. This study investigated the efficacy of cyclic and continuous oral administration of @entity19160 in 54 newly identified @entity6092 postmenopausal @entity1 in a randomized, double-blind, crossover fashion. The @entity1 were randomly separated into two groups. The cyclic group (n = 29) received 800 mg twice daily of oral @entity19160 for 2 weeks every 3 months for the first 12 months followed by placebo for the second 12 months. The continuous group (n = 25) received placebo in the first 12 months and ingested 400 mg of @entity19160 once daily for the second 12 months. The urinary @entity1472 -terminal (NTXtrade mark) and @entity1473 -terminal (CrossLapstrade mark) cross-linked fragments of type I collagen, both markers of bone resorption, showed a marked decrease (25-50%) with both regimens during the period of active treatment. In the cyclic group, the levels of these two markers increased in the second 12 months with placebo, but did not return to the baseline completely. However, @entity79 ( @entity79 ), determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), showed no significant change of @entity79 at various sites after 1 year of active treatment in both groups. @entity1514 and lumbar spine X-ray showed no new @entity174 in either group after 2 years of treatment. With the two treatment protocols in this study, oral @entity19160 was effective in decreasing postmenopausal bone resorption, causing no significant changes in @entity79 at various sites.

title: The effectiveness of cyclic and continuous oral @entity19160 therapy on bone density and markers in @entity6092 postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['clodronate']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIMS: We compared the prevalence of noise-related artefacts and lesion perception on three-dimensional (3D) CT colonography (CTC) at standard and low radiation doses. METHODS: Forty-eight @entity1 underwent CTC (64 x 0.625 mm collimation; tube rotation time 0.5 s; automatic tube current modulation: standard dose 40-160 mA, low dose 10-50 mA). Low- and standard-dose acquisitions were performed in the supine position, one after the other. The presence of artefacts (cobblestone and snow artefacts, irregularly delineated folds) and the presence of @entity1127 were evaluated by five radiologists on 3D images at standard dose, the original low dose and a modified low dose, i.e. after manipulation of opacity on 3D. RESULTS: The mean effective dose was 3.9 +/- 1.3 @entity2073 at standard dose and 1.03 +/- 0.4 @entity2073 at low dose. The number of images showing cobblestone artefacts and irregularly delineated folds at original and modified low doses was significantly higher than at standard dose (P < 0.0001). Most of the artefacts on modified low-dose images were mild. No significant difference in sensitivity between the dose levels was found for @entity1127 > or =6 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction of the effective dose to 1 @entity2073 significantly affects image quality on 3D CTC, but the perception of > or =6 mm lesions is not significantly impaired.

title: Evaluation of image quality and lesion perception by XXXX readers on 3D CT colonography: comparison of standard and low radiation dose.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Report treatment results of @entity3330 adjacent or at the tip of a stable femoral stem (Vancouver Type B1) using a locked compression plate as the sole method of @entity174 stabilisation. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Academic Level I @entity130 Centre. @entity1 : @entity1 operatively treated at our institution with locked compression plating for Vancouver Type B1 periprosthetic fractures between 2002 and 2006 with at least 12 weeks of clinical follow-up were included. @entity1 demographics, hip arthroplasty implant characteristics, and AO/OTA @entity174 type were recorded. INTERVENTION: Open reduction internal fixation using a locked-plate spanning a majority of the femur through a lateral soft-tissue sparing approach. No cortical onlay allografts or cerclage devices (wires or cables) were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Clinical union was defined at a minimum of 12 weeks as ability to walk, with or without the use of a walking aide, without @entity158 at or around the @entity174 site. Radiographic union was defined by bridging bone spanning two or more cortices on orthogonal radiographs of the femur. RESULTS: Ten subjects met the inclusion criteria and were followed for a mean of 27 weeks (range 14-97 weeks). All achieved @entity174 union at a mean of 17 weeks (range 12-27 weeks). There were no hardware failures or changes in @entity174 alignment from operative radiographs. There were no major complications that necessitated reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Open reduction internal fixation of Vancouver Type B1 @entity3330 using a lateral locked-plate that spans the full extent of the femur as the sole method of stabilisation is a successful treatment method that minimises soft-tissue dissection and provides adequate fixation strength to maintain @entity174 alignment to @entity174 union.

title: Isolated locked compression plating for Vancouver Type B1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic femoral fractures']


abstract: 1. The effects of bath applied @entity503 (Chlo) and of acute and chronic Chlo administration on skeletal muscle reactivity to electrical stimulation and to drugs have been studied on @entity19 hemidiaphragm preparations in vitro. 2. Chlo (0.15-150 micrograms) produced a concentration-dependent inhibition twitch and tetanic contractions due to direct @entity121 ( @entity121 ). Acute and chronic administration of Chlo (45 mg kg-1, i.p. daily, for 3-28 days) progressively shifted the concentration-response curve to bath-applied Chlo to the right, with maximum effect occurring from day 14 of Chlo pretreatment. 3. Acute and chronic administration of Chlo decreased the twitch and @entity116 tension, raised the minimal fusion frequency (MFR) for tetanic contraction to occur and did not alter the twitch/ @entity116 tension ratio. @entity116 tension unlike twitch tension was not significantly decreased on day 3. 4. @entity5834 (5-500 microM)--and @entity3044 (0.001-0.8 microM)-induced potentiations of twitch contraction were attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner by bath-applied Chlo and by acute and chronic administration of Chlo. Higher concentrations of @entity5834 (0.1-5 microM) and KCl (10 mM-130 mM) produced contracture of the muscle which was sensitive to inhibition by Chlo (50-150 microM). Moreover, the spike contractions superimposed on @entity5834 contracture were more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of Chlo than the contracture. 5. The inhibitory effects of @entity592 and @entity2899 on @entity121 and on indirectly stimulated hemidiaphragm respectively were not significantly altered by acute and chronic administration of Chlo. In contrast, the inhibitory concentration-response curve to @entity8162 was shifted to the right. 6. The inhibitory effect of bath-appled Chlo, or acute and chronic pretreatment on twitch tension ( @entity121 ) was not significantly antagonized by stepwise increase in extracellular @entity141 (0.05-2.5 mM). @entity13672 (1-5 mM) reversed in a concentration-dependent manner the inhibitory effects of Chlo. 7. Complete recovery of twitch contractions occurred after 3 days of stopping daily Chlo administration, with partial recovery to tetanic tension after 28 days and no recovery of MFR. The reactivity of the diaphragm to bath applied Chlo was progressively restored, whereas the tension curve area to @entity5834 and KCI was still attenuated even 28 days after stopping Chlo pretreatment. 8. It is concluded that acute and chronic Chlo administration results in changes in reactivity of the hemidiaphragm muscle to electrical stimulation and to drugs such that there is a decrease in muscle strength and tolerance to Chlo in vitro. These effects are dependent on its direct inhibitory action on skeletal muscle and may result from interference with @entity141 + mobilization within the muscle.

title: Mode of inhibitory actions of acute and chronic @entity503 administration on the electrically stimulated XXXX diaphragm in vitro.

entities_list: @entity13672 :: ('MESH:C024553', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium thiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['(+)-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'muscle stimulation']

entities_list: @entity592 :: ('MESH:D003620', 'Chemical') :: ['dantrolene sodium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: A meta-analysis investigation based on literature data was conducted to estimate the effect size of nutritional and animal factors on @entity3151 (P) excretion in feces and concentrations of P in milk. Two data sets were created for statistical analysis: One to derive prediction equations for P in feces (25 studies; 130 treatments) and another for P in milk (19 studies; 94 treatments). Prediction equations were derived using mixed model regression analysis with a random effect for study, and equations were evaluated based on values for Bayesian information criterion (BIC), root mean square prediction error (RMSPE), and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) statistics. In terms of RMSPE and CCC values, fecal @entity644 was best predicted by P intake, where P in feces (g/d)=-3.8(  3.45) + 0.64(  0.038)   P intake (g/d) (RMSPE: 18.3%, CCC: 0.869). However, significant effects of crude protein [g/kg of @entity62 ( @entity62 )], neutral detergent fiber (g/kg of @entity62 ), and milk yield (kg/d) on fecal @entity644 were also found. Despite a lack of improvement in terms of RMSPE and CCC values, these parameters may still explain part of the variation in fecal @entity644 . For milk P, expressed as a fraction of P intake, the following equation had the highest CCC and the lowest RMSPE value: P in milk as a fraction of P intake (g/g)=0.42(  0.065) + 0.23(  0.018)   feed efficiency (i.e., fat- and protein-corrected milk yield/ @entity62 intake) - 0.11(  0.0199)   P in feed (g/kg of @entity62 ) (RMSPE: 19.7%; CCC: 0.761). Equations derived to predict fecal P as a fraction of P intake (g/g) or milk P content (g/kg) could not adequately explain the observed variation and did not perform well in terms of RMSPE and CCC values. Examination of the residuals showed that P balance was a seemingly confounding factor in some of the models. The results presented here can be used to estimate P in feces and milk based on commonly measured dietary and milk variables, but could also be used to guide development of mechanistic models on P metabolism in lactating dairy @entity291 . Factors to consider in future research and modeling efforts regarding efficiency of P use include the effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, starch, variation in P content of milk, and effects of P resorption from bone and body tissues during early lactation.

title: Meta-analysis of factors that affect the utilization efficiency of XXXX in lactating dairy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['P excretion']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']