abstract: Apoptosis which is also a called programmed cell death plays an important role during development, homeostasis and in many diseases such as @entity5 . Apoptosis is a genetically encoded cell death program defined by characteristic morphological and biochemical features. It is well recognized as a distinct pathologic mechanism in @entity5 responding to anticancer therapies. Many genes play an important role in this process. We evaluated an expression of the @entity5 supressor gene @entity876 and proteins @entity3544 and @entity588 in @entity1149 . We examined resected @entity5 tissues from 30 @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. As a control we assessed tissues from @entity1 treated without chemotherapy. Histological slides of the resected @entity5 were evaluated by TUNEL, in situ hybridisation and with immunoperoxidase staining procedure. The results were documented by photography. We examined the level of extinction using cytophotometry. In conclusion, preoperative chemotherapy induces apoptosis in @entity5 cells. The level of @entity876 correlates with the acceleration of TUNEL reaction. The loss of @entity588 expression correlated with an increased apoptotic cell death. There was an increased @entity3544 protein expression in the examined @entity5 tissues after chemotherapy.

title: Expression of XXXX and @entity588 proteins and @entity876 mRNA in surgically resected preparations of @entity1149 (stage IIIA) after etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity3544 :: (644914,Gene) :: ['p21']


abstract: Monomers and dimers of @entity291 heart @entity21304 (EC 1.9.3.1.) were separated by gel filtration chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 34 or by @entity969 gradient centrifugation. Factors influencing the interconversion of the two aggregation states of this enzyme were analyzed. At very low ionic strength, in the presence of @entity10940 , monomers were the main species. Salts appeared to stabilize the dimeric form, divalent cations being more efficient than monovalent. High enzyme concentrations favoured the formation of dimers, also at low ionic strength. The type of detergent had a strong influence on the monomer-dimer interconversion; in Triton X-100 and @entity10940 (at high ionic strength) @entity21304 was homogenously dispersed in its dimeric form, while in @entity9266 gel filtration showed only large particles eluting in the void volume. In cholate monomers and aggregates were observed but no dimers. The aggregation state had an influence on the steady state kinetics of the ferrocytochrome c oxidase activity. Monomers showed linear Eadie-Hofstee plots, whilst the dimeric and aggregated enzyme gave nonlinear Eadie-Hofstee plots. Ionic strength, enzyme concentration and type of detergent were affecting the enzyme's kinetics in a way consistent with the molecular form obtained by the gel filtration or sedimentation analysis. The data support a negative cooperative mechanism for the interaction of @entity34139 with the dimeric enzyme, as proposed earlier (K.A. Na  ecz et al., (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 114, 822-828).

title: The interconversion between monomeric and dimeric XXXX heart @entity21304 .

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity10940 :: ('MESH:C040358', 'Chemical') :: ['dodecyl maltoside']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single-agent chemotherapy produces partial responses in the range of 7-27% in @entity1 with Stage IV @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity900 -based combination regimens have achieved higher response rates but with significant @entity137 . Two prior studies employing 24-hour infusions of @entity1311 showed responses of 21% and 24%. The purpose of this Phase II study was to determine the effects of @entity1311 administered by short duration infusions on response rate, @entity137 , and quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 with @entity1149 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with histologically proven Stage IV @entity1149 were enrolled in this study. All were treated on an outpatient basis with standard premedication followed by @entity1311 200 mg/m2 infused intravenously over 3 hours. Treatments were repeated every 21 days for a maximum of 6 cycles. RESULTS: The objective response rate was 6/19 (32%; 95% confidence interval, 13-57%). The median duration of response was 6.0 months (range, 2-13 months). The median survival of the entire group was 6.0 months (range, 2-24+ months), and the 1-year survival rate was 22%. @entity137 was mild, with only one hospitalization required for treatment of catheter-related @entity715 . Nonresponding @entity1 were found to have worsening Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)-G and FACT-L scores. Because this was a small clinical study, it did not demonstrate consistent improvement in FACT-G or FACT-L in responding @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 given as a 3-hour infusion is a well-tolerated, active single agent in the treatment of Stage IV @entity1149 , worthy of further study. Baseline QOL scores predicted those more likely to respond to treatment, but changes in QOL status did not correlate well with objective response status.

title: Phase II study of XXXX with metastatic nonsmall cell carcinoma of the lung treated with @entity1311 by 3-hour infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity4502 bacterium, @entity2114 , is a facultative intracellular pathogen which invades and replicates within two evolutionarily distant hosts, free-living protozoa and @entity1 cells. Invasion and intracellular replication within protozoa are thought to be major factors in the transmission of @entity4502 . Although attachment and invasion of @entity1 macrophages by @entity2114 is mediated in part by the complement receptors CR1 and CR3, the protozoan receptor involved in bacterial attachment and invasion has not been identified. To define the molecular events involved in invasion of protozoa by @entity2114 , we examined the role of protein @entity669 phosphorylation of the protozoan host @entity38963 upon attachment and invasion by @entity2114 . Bacterial attachment and invasion were associated with a time-dependent @entity669 dephosphorylation of multiple host cell proteins. This host cell response was highly specific for live @entity2114 , required contact with viable bacteria, and was completely reversible following washing off the bacteria from the host cell surface. @entity669 dephosphorylation of host proteins was blocked by a @entity669 phosphatase inhibitor but not by @entity669 kinase inhibitors. One of the @entity669 dephosphorylated proteins was identified as the 170-kD @entity3649 / @entity10811 -inhibitable lectin ( @entity19447 / @entity26243 ) using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting by antibodies generated against the @entity19447 / @entity26243 lectin of the protozoan @entity2330 . This @entity19447 / @entity26243 -inhibitable lectin has been shown previously to mediate adherence of @entity2330 to @entity1 epithelial cells. Uptake of @entity2114 by @entity38963 was specifically inhibited by two monovalent @entity3363 , @entity19447 and @entity26243 , and by mABs generated against the 170-kD lectin of @entity2330 . Interestingly, inhibition of invasion by @entity19447 and @entity26243 was associated with inhibition of bacterial-induced @entity669 dephosphorylation of @entity38963 proteins. High stringency DNA hybridization confirmed the presence of the 170-kD lectin gene in @entity38963 . We conclude that attachment of @entity2114 to the @entity38963 170-kD lectin is required for invasion and is associated with @entity669 dephosphorylation of the @entity19447 lectin and other host proteins. This is the first demonstration of a potential receptor used by @entity2114 to invade protozoa.

title: Identification of a @entity19447 / @entity26243 lectin in the protozoan XXXX as a potential receptor for attachment and invasion by the @entity4502 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4502 :: ('MESH:D007877', 'Disease') :: ["Legionnaire's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['E. histolytica', 'Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity2114 :: ('446', 'Species') :: ['Legionella pneumophila', 'L. pneumophila']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity38963 :: ('5778', 'Species') :: ['H. vermiformis', 'Hartmannella vermiformis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine', 'Tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity10811 :: ('CHEBI:28800', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylgalactosamine']

answer: @entity38963 :: (5778,Species) :: ['Hartmannella vermiformis']


abstract: We present a case report that describes the pathology, presentation, and management complexities of an unusual, destructive @entity75 of the laryngotracheal complex. An otherwise healthy 21-year-old @entity1 presented with a 1-year history of progressive @entity1353 and stridor. The initial examination revealed a 3-cm, grade III @entity5142 . Nodular fibrosis of the @entity10874 muscles, laryngotracheal cartilages, and @entity825 was evident. Biopsies revealed dense peritracheal desmoplastic reaction with focal @entity1844 . However, features diagnostic for relapsing @entity12390 , @entity765 , or @entity6436 were absent. The disease progressed to involve severe @entity850 and thickening of the @entity825 and main stem bronchi. Surgical and medical management of this unusual @entity75 did not ameliorate the disease process, but a recent encouraging response to @entity440 has been observed with improvements in vocal fold motion and activity levels. Prognosis and management experience for this unknown pathologic entity are absent in the literature. In this case, diffuse disease progression occurred despite surgical and medical management, but has been halted by @entity440 therapy. The prospect of a durable response and disease remission is unknown.

title: Unusual @entity75 of the laryngotracheal complex presenting as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['erosion of cartilage']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen citrate', 'tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity12390 :: ('MESH:D011081', 'Disease') :: ['polychondritis']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity6436 :: ('MESH:D016727', 'Disease') :: ['orbital pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

answer: @entity5142 :: (MESH:D007829,Disease) :: ['subglottic stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost effectiveness of tapered versus abrupt discontinuation of a microemulsion formulation of @entity205 in @entity1 with chronic @entity1569 . METHODS: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed in parallel with a non-blind, multicentre, international clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of intermittent short courses of @entity205 . Direct and indirect costs were considered within a 1-year period following randomisation. @entity1 : @entity1 with chronic @entity1569 inadequately controlled with topical treatment. STUDY PERSPECTIVE: The study was conducted from a societal perspective and was performed using data from Canada, Spain, @entity233 and the UK. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The health outcome used was the total number of systemic therapy-free days (STFDs) over the first year. The mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was determined by dividing the differences in average cost per @entity1 by the differences in average STFDs per @entity1 . RESULTS: The overall ICER was dominant because tapered discontinuation was associated with both lower costs and improved efficacy in comparison with abrupt discontinuation. Further analyses showed that tapered discontinuation was a cost-effective alternative to abrupt discontinuation therapy, even when a conservative definition for cost effectiveness was adopted. CONCLUSION: This cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that tapering @entity205 was more cost effective than abruptly stopping @entity205 in @entity1 with chronic @entity1569 .

title: The cost effectiveness of tapered versus abrupt discontinuation of oral @entity205 microemulsion for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transarterial chemoembolization using microspheres is a new treatment option for @entity1 with @entity157 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of this technique, in terms of @entity5 response and overall survival rates, and to assess the procedure's safety. SETTING: A General University Hospital in Spain. METHODS: Single-center retrospective observational study. The cohort included all @entity1 treated between October 2006 and April 2010. Effectiveness was determined by the @entity5 response rate (using modified RECIST and EASL criteria) and overall survival. Safety was assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity5 response rate, overall survival and safety of transarterial chemoembolization in @entity1 with @entity157 . RESULTS: 53 @entity1 were treated (81.1 % @entity1 , median age 65). Baseline characteristics 98.1 % had @entity82 , 75.5 % @entity1 -Pugh Class A, 71.7 % Okuda I, and 94.3 % were ECOG 0. 43.4 % were waiting for a liver transplant and 56.6 % were given the treatment as a palliative measure. Eighty-one procedures were carried out, with a median of 1 per @entity1 [1-5]. Four weeks after treatment, the objective response rate was 87.5 % and the complete response rate was 62.5 %. Median survival was 735 days (CI 95 %: 351.9-1118.1). The 1, 2 and 3-year overall survival rates were 65.4, 50.9 and 42.5 %, respectively. 71.7 % of @entity1 experienced @entity887 , with grade 1 @entity490 as the most frequent symptom (37.7 %). CONCLUSION: This study provides new evidence of the safety and effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization using @entity632 -loaded microspheres for the treatment of @entity157 in @entity1 who are not eligible for other treatments, or as a bridging treatment in @entity1 on the liver transplant waiting list.

title: Effectiveness and safety of XXXX loaded beads in @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['post-embolization syndrome']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a common non-dermatophyte mould that can cause @entity6313 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the oral antifungal agents @entity3101 , @entity3102 , @entity2059 , @entity2380 and @entity8974 in the treatment of S. brevicaulis. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a prospective, comparative, parallel-group, single-blinded, randomized, non-industry-sponsored study, @entity1 with toe @entity6313 caused by S. brevicaulis sp. were randomized and treated with one of 5 oral antifungal agents, i.e. @entity3101 , @entity3102 , @entity2059 (pulse), @entity2380 or @entity8974 . The treatment regimens were: @entity3101 600 mg twice daily for 12 months, @entity3102 200 mg daily for 4 months, @entity2059 pulse therapy given for 3 pulses, with each pulse consisting of 200 mg twice daily for 1 week with 3 weeks off between successive pulses, @entity8974 250 mg daily for 12 weeks and @entity2380 150 mg daily for 12 weeks. RESULTS: There were 59 @entity1 (48 males, 11 females, mean age 35.6 years, range 25-53 years). All @entity1 had clinical evidence of @entity6313 , with moderate to severe disease of the target nail. Between the treatment groups there was no significant difference in the mean age of the @entity1 or the mean area of involvement with @entity6313 at baseline. The efficacy parameters were clinical cure (CC) and mycological cure (MC). At month 12 after the start of treatment, the response was: @entity3101 , @entity14105 , CC + MC 0/11; @entity3102 , CC 10/12, MC 8/12, CC + MC 8/12; @entity2059 , CC 12/12, MC 12/12, CC + MC 12/12; @entity8974 , CC 12/12, MC 11/12, CC + MC 11/12, and @entity2380 , CC 8/12, MC 8/12, CC + MC 8/12. Adverse effects consisted of: @entity3101 , gastro-intestinal symptoms, @entity56 , @entity9335 , @entity8 in 11 @entity1 with discontinuation of treatment in 3 @entity1 ; @entity3102 , @entity409 but no symptomatic changes in 2 @entity1 ; @entity2059 , @entity390 and @entity391 in 2 @entity1 ; @entity8974 , taste disturbance in 2 @entity1 , @entity390 in 3 @entity1 , and @entity2380 , severe gastro-intestinal events in 5 @entity1 . None of the @entity1 receiving @entity3102 , @entity2059 , @entity8974 or @entity2380 discontinued treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2059 and @entity8974 demonstrate efficacy against some cases of S. brevicaulis toe @entity6313 . These agents also appear to be safe in the course of therapy for toe @entity6313 . @entity3101 is ineffective against toe @entity6313 caused by S. brevicaulis. @entity3102 is not recommended for toe @entity6313 given its potential for adverse effects, particularly with the availability of the newer antifungal agents.

title: Efficacy of @entity2059 , XXXX , @entity2380 , @entity3101 and @entity3102 in the treatment of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis causing @entity6313 of the toes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic and renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3101 :: ('MESH:D006118', 'Chemical') :: ['griseofulvin', 'Griseofulvin']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['distal and lateral onychomycosis', 'onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity9335 :: ('MESH:D010787', 'Disease') :: ['photodermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole', 'itraconazole']

answer: @entity8974 :: (MESH:C041359,Chemical) :: ['terbinafine']


abstract: Adequate intake of @entity1501 , @entity1853 , @entity8728 , and @entity2245 may prevent aberrant DNA methylation and thereby protect against @entity14 ( @entity14 ). However, previous epidemiological studies investigating associations between dietary intakes of these nutrients and @entity14 have been inconsistent. We investigated the associations between intakes of @entity1501 , @entity1853 , @entity8728 , and @entity2245 and @entity14 risk, accounting for the sublocalization of the @entity5 . Within the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and @entity5 (n = 120,852), 2349 cases and 4168 subcohort members were available for data analyses from a follow-up period of 13.3 y after baseline. Gender-specific adjusted incidence rate ratios (RR) were calculated over quintiles of dietary intake in case-cohort analyses. @entity1501 intake was not associated with @entity14 risk in either @entity1 or @entity1 . However, @entity1853 was associated with decreased risk of proximal @entity694 among @entity1 (RR = 0.57 for highest vs. lowest quintile of intake; P-trend = 0.03) and @entity5 among @entity1 (highest vs. lowest quintile; RR = 0.45; P-trend = 0.05). @entity8728 tended to be associated with decreased proximal @entity694 risk among @entity1 (RR = 0.61; P-trend = 0.07). Conversely, there was a strong positive association between @entity2245 and @entity5 among @entity1 (RR = 3.57; P-trend = 0.01). Our findings suggest that relatively high @entity1853 intake may protect against proximal @entity694 in @entity1 and @entity5 in @entity1 but that @entity1501 may not have a protective effect. This is the 2nd prospective cohort study in which @entity2245 intake was associated with increased risk of @entity5 in @entity1 , which might suggest that this vitamin enhances @entity5 in @entity1 .

title: Dietary @entity1501 , @entity1853 , @entity8728 , and XXXX and risk of sporadic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['Folate', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumors', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin', 'Riboflavin']

answer: @entity2245 :: (MESH:D025101,Chemical) :: ['vitamin B-6']


abstract: Achievement of @entity2790 is the goal of every efficient antiglaucoma therapy. Target intraocular pressure is the level of intraocular pressure which is associated with minimal likelihood of @entity227 , or an existing lesion progression due to @entity2790 . Results of large clinical studies which have offered some new concepts on @entity2790 in the management of @entity726 are reviewed. An association between the curve of intraocular pressure decrease and @entity726 progression was demonstrated in these studies. Generally, a lower value of @entity2790 implies better protection from the @entity227 in @entity726 @entity1 . In advanced @entity726 , the greatest possible reduction from the @entity2790 should be attempted. A 20% reduction from the @entity2790 or decrease to < 18 mmHg in advanced @entity726 has been recognized as a favorable strategy to reach @entity2790 . In normal tension @entity726 , a lower value of @entity2790 is associated with a slower disease progression. In @entity1 with @entity726 , 25% reduction from the @entity2790 will slow down the disease progression by 45%. The value of @entity2790 depends on the pretreatment level of intraocular pressure, @entity1781 , @entity726 state, rate of @entity726 progression, @entity1 's age, and other risk factors for the development of @entity726 .

title: Target intraocular pressure in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field or optic nerve lesion', 'loss of vision and visual field impairment']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'initial glaucoma', 'glaucoma disease']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['target intraocular pressure', 'elevated intraocular pressure', 'initial intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve condition']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the influence of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity on subjective evaluation of visual function investigated by means of questionnaires in @entity1 before and after @entity231 surgery. METHODS: Visual acuity was tested on Snellen projection optotypes and logMAR optotype chart with Landolt rings, contrast sensitivity was tested on Pelli-Robson chart. The questionnaire included Visual Functioning Index VF-14, Cataract Symptom Score and Global Measures of Vision--self-reported trouble and satisfaction with vision. 37 @entity231 @entity1 were examined, including completing the questionnaire, 1 day before and 7 weeks after the surgery. RESULTS: Most @entity1 (65%) suffer from moderate troubles with their vision and are moderately dissatisfied (51%) before @entity231 surgery. After the surgery, a majority of @entity1 have no troubles (51%) and are very satisfied (54%). Visual acuity (VA) correlates only with VF-14, namely only VA of non-operated eye (p < 0.01), binocular VA before (p < 0.001) and after surgery (p < 0.05). Contrast sensitivity (of non-operated eye, operated eye, binocular) correlates with more subjective parameters (VF-14, self-reported trouble and satisfaction with vision), namely both before and after the surgery (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: After @entity231 surgery, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and subjective parameters of visual functions significantly improve. Subjective parameters correlate more with contrast sensitivity then with visual acuity. Contrast sensitivity is more related than visual acuity to real world in @entity1 with @entity231 .

title: [The influrence of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity on subjective evaluation of visual function before and after XXXX surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The direct @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) bypass to the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) without the use of extracorporal circulation through a small anterolateral thoracotomy has become established among the minimally invasive techniques in cardiac surgery. Technical difficulties may occur in @entity1 with an enlarged left ventricle and subsequent lateral positioning of the @entity1347 , a small @entity1347 , or a small @entity3538 . We used electron beam tomography (EBT) for preoperative visualization of the topographical structures to seek out @entity1 with potential technical difficulties. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 , mean age 62 +/- 13 years, were entered in this study; in all cases the indication for revascularization was a significant stenosis of the @entity1347 . Preoperatively an ECG-triggered EBT was performed. Following the image acquisition, a three-dimensional reconstruction of the data was performed. The @entity3538 , @entity1347 , first diagonal branch, and chest wall were stained different colors for better visualization. Surgery was performed using a left anterolateral mini-thoracotomy and through this access, the @entity3538 was dissected and anastomosed using a stabilizer without the use of extracorporal circulation. RESULTS: In all but one of the 18 @entity1 who had a preoperative EBT, the @entity453 ( @entity453 ) procedure was successfully performed using an anterolateral mini-thoracotomy. Based on the results of the EBT, the 5 centimeter incision was done parasternally in six @entity1 , and more laterally (2-4 cm parasternally) in the other eleven cases. In 13 @entity1 the access penetrated the fourth intercostal space; in four cases the fifth intercostal space was used. In one @entity1 EBT revealed a very laterally positioned and diffusely arteriosclerotic @entity1347 so the @entity1 was operated using a median sternotomy, but without the use of extracorporal circulation. In all 18 @entity1 the preoperatively acquired information of the anatomical topography was confirmed intraoperatively. One case without a preoperative EBT had to be converted to a conventional procedure due to a small, intramyocardial @entity1347 and a very small @entity3538 . Postoperative angiography revealed patent @entity3538 grafts and uneventful anastomoses. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity453 ( @entity453 ) the topography of the @entity3538 , @entity1347 and intercostal spaces is of major importance. Using the ECG-triggered EBT with subsequent three-dimensional reconstruction these relationships can be visualized. This enables an individual planning of the operation and a minimalization of the skin incision.

title: Preoperative 3D-reconstructions of ultrafast-CT images for the planning of XXXX operation ( @entity453 ).

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['LIMA', 'left internal mammary artery']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['MIDCAB', 'minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass']


abstract: AIM: @entity474 and @entity215 is a relatively uncommon lesion in which there is a risk of @entity67 related to inlet and outlet valve problems. For this reason, conservative management involving an initial palliative procedure is often chosen. The aim of this report is to retrospectively review our experience with this lesion. @entity1 POPULATION: 35 @entity1 with @entity474 and @entity215 have been surgically managed at this institution between January 1980 and June 1995. Twenty-one (60%) of these @entity1 underwent 28 initial palliative shunt procedures. Fourteen (40%) @entity1 underwent primary definitive repair. The criteria for choosing one management strategy over another was based on a number of factors, including age at presentation, anatomy of the lesion, and severity of symptoms. Of the 21 @entity1 who underwent an initial shunt procedure, 15 have undergone definitive operation. Of the 6 @entity1 who did not undergo definitive operation, three died (two directly related to complications of the shunt procedure), two are awaiting operation, and one was lost to follow-up. RESULTS: The primary indication for operation in all @entity1 was @entity848 . Freedom from reoperation at 5 years after definitive operation was 65.1% for all @entity1 ; most reoperations were related to left @entity338 or residual leaks across the @entity1757 patch. The operative mortality at definitive operation was 10.3% (70% CL 4.5-20%) for all @entity1 . The actuarial estimate of survival 7 years following definitive repair was 77.3% (70% @entity53369 .7-85.9%) for all @entity1 . The actuarial estimate of survival at 7 years was 84.4% (70% CL 73.8-95%) in the @entity1 undergoing primary repair and 65% (70% CL 52.4-77.6%) in @entity1 initially palliated if the mortality of the palliative shunt procedure is included (P = 0.35). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity474 and @entity215 can be successfully managed with a variety of surgical strategies. Primary repair may be a reasonable option in carefully selected @entity1 , as this eliminates the morbidity and mortality of an initial shunt procedure and the subsequent interval between initial palliation and definitive repair.

title: XXXX and @entity215 : a 15-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect', 'Atrioventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['Atrioventricular septal defect']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the prognostic value of serum @entity3508 for early prediction of outcome in @entity1 at risk for anoxic @entity75 after @entity1167 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Coronary intensive care unit of the University of Heidelberg. @entity1 : Forty-three @entity1 (66.8 +/- 12.7 [SD] yrs, range 33 to 85) who had had either primary or secondary @entity1167 , followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). INTERVENTIONS: Serial blood samples and clinical examinations. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serum @entity3508 concentrations were determined after CPR on 7 consecutive days. Twenty-five @entity1 remained @entity772 and subsequently died; 18 @entity1 survived the first 3 months and had no relevant functional deficit at 3-month follow-up. @entity3508 concentrations were correlated with neurologic outcome. Concentrations of >33 ng/mL predicted persistent @entity772 with a high specificity (100%) and a positive predictive value of 100%. Overall sensitivity was 80%, with a negative predictive value of 78%. Serum concentrations of @entity3508 exceeded this cutoff value no more than 3 days after @entity1167 in 95% of @entity1 in whom these concentrations had exceeded 33 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 who have been resuscitated after @entity1167 , serum @entity3508 concentrations of >33 ng/mL predict persistent @entity772 with a high specificity. Values below this cutoff level do not necessarily indicate complete recovery, because this method has a sensitivity of 80%.

title: Serum @entity3508 as early predictor of outcome after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['coma', 'comatose']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['Neuron-specific enolase', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Interactions between @entity5092 and the host are slowly being elucidated. Microarray technology was used to further characterise the response of Balb/c @entity19 after inhalation of the virulent @entity5092 , SchuS4. The validated array data revealed changes in expression of 476 genes across a 96 h time course following @entity281 (p  <= 0.05). These data confirm down-regulation of the toll-like receptor pathway (TLR3, 4, 5, 7 and 8), and the induction of IFN-y inducible genes (T-cell specific GTPase, b2 microglobulin and interleukin 21). The overall response appears to be two staged with an initial up-regulation of genes involved in apoptosis, TNFa production and antigen presentation. This is followed by a large alteration of expression at 96 h as the host succumbs to @entity281 . A key regulatory time-point has been identified at 24 h post challenge, where several transcriptional events may predicate the progression of @entity281 ; these include transcriptional regulators of @entity32 and proteolytic pathways. Pathway analysis indicates a novel role for cell-cell adhesion and extracellular matrix modulation in @entity281 . Transcripts representing cellular junctions, focal adhesion and adherens junctions changed following @entity281 . Additionally, aspects of extracellular matrix remodelling have been confirmed at the protein level, suggesting an important role of the respiratory epithelium in host response to @entity5092 warranting further study.

title: Gene expression following low dose inhalational @entity5092 (SchuS4) exposure in Balb/c XXXX and the potential role of the epithelium and cell adhesion.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['Francisella tularensis', 'F. tularensis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Protein forms an essential component of a healthy diet in @entity1 to support both growth and maintenance. During pregnancy, an exceptional stage of life defined by rapid growth and development, adequate dietary protein is crucial to ensure a healthy outcome. @entity1131 in maternal and fetal tissues increases throughout pregnancy, with most occurring during the third trimester. Dietary protein intake recommendations are based on factorial estimates because the traditional method of determining protein requirements, @entity1568 balance, is invasive and undesirable during pregnancy. The current Estimated Average Requirement and RDA recommendations of 0.88 and 1.1 g    kg(-1)    d(-1), respectively, are for all stages of pregnancy. The single recommendation does not take into account the changing needs during different stages of pregnancy. Recently, with the use of the minimally invasive indicator @entity3689 oxidation method, we defined the requirements to be, on average, 1.2 and 1.52 g    kg(-1)    d(-1) during early (   16 wk) and late (   36 wk) stages of pregnancy, respectively. Although the requirements are substantially higher than current recommendations, our values are    14-18% of total energy and fit within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. Using @entity1707 as an animal model we showed that the requirements for several indispensable @entity3534 increase dramatically during late gestation compared with early gestation. Additional studies should be conducted during pregnancy to confirm the newly determined protein requirements and to determine the indispensable @entity3689 requirements during pregnancy in @entity1 .

title: Protein and XXXX Requirements during Pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['Protein deposition']

answer: @entity3689 :: (D000596,Chemical) :: ['Amino Acid']


abstract: AIM: To describe a temporal cluster of avian @entity311 (Plasmodium spp.) at an Operation Nest Egg    (ONE) site in Rotorua which caused mortality in a juvenile kiwi and had high population prevalence in brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli). METHODS: A 70-day-old wild-born captive brown kiwi was submitted for post-mortem examination to Massey University Wildlife Health Centre. Post-mortem examination and histopathology were used to determine the cause of @entity204 . Plasmodium specific PCR analysis was subsequently conducted on tissue samples and 108 individual blood samples from living kiwi from five ONE breeding sites and two rowi kiwi cr  ches. Positive PCR products were sequenced to identify the Plasmodium spp. isolated. Where possible, blood smear microscopic examination was used to determine the level of parasitaemia in the infected kiwi. RESULTS: Plasmodium spp. was detected in the kiwi which died and it showed histopathological evidence of disseminated @entity2878 . A high prevalence of Plasmodium was found in blood samples from kiwi concurrently residing at ONE Rotorua by blood smear microscopy (22/32, 68%) and PCR (25/32, 78%). All kiwi with positive blood smears had only a low level of peripheral parasitaemia at the time of sampling. However, 0/17 additional kiwi sampled at Rotorua 3 weeks after the juvenile's @entity204 , 0/23 Rotorua juveniles sampled 1 year later and 0/59 kiwi from the five other locations were positive for Plasmodium by these methods. Sequencing analysis revealed a cosmopolitan Plasmodium (Huffia) elongatum lineage in all positive birds. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first description of an avian @entity311 (Plasmodium spp.) infection associated with mortality and a high population prevalence in brown kiwi at a ONE site in the 20 years of the programme. The study suggests that this level of infection in a population of kiwi was unusual and provides evidence in support of continued vigilance of disease risks associated with this and other conservation management programmes involving wildlife translocation.

title: A cluster of avian XXXX cases in a kiwi management programme.

entities_list: @entity2878 :: ('MESH:D020808', 'Disease') :: ['protozoal infection']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Strain-specific effects of probiotics in pro- or anti-inflammatory immune responses have been well recognized. Several proinflammatory @entity9206 strains have been shown to act as adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines. However, dose effects of probiotics in modulating immune responses are not clearly understood. This study examined the dose effects of @entity9206 (LA) NCFM strain on T cell immune responses to rotavirus vaccination in a gnotobiotic (Gn) @entity1707 model. METHODS: Frequencies of IFN-y producing @entity18030 + and CD8+ T cell and @entity18029 and TGF-b producing @entity18030 + @entity22135 + and @entity18030 + @entity22135 - regulatory T (Treg) cell responses were determined in the intestinal and systemic lymphoid tissues of Gn @entity1707 vaccinated with an oral @entity1 rotavirus vaccine in conjunction with low dose (5 feedings; up to 10(6) colony forming units [CFU]/dose) or high dose (14 feedings; up to 10(9)CFU/dose) or without LA feeding. RESULTS: Low dose LA significantly promoted IFN-y producing T cell responses and down-regulated Treg cell responses and their TGF-b and @entity18029 productions in all the tissues compared to the high dose LA and control groups. To the contrary, high dose LA increased the frequencies of Treg cells in most of the tissues compared to the control groups. The dose effects of LA on IFN-y producing T cell and @entity18030 + @entity22135 - Treg cell immune responses were similar in the intestinal and systemic lymphoid tissues and were independent from the vaccination. CONCLUSION: Thus the same probiotic strain in different doses can either promote or suppress IFN-y producing T cell or Treg cell immune responses. These findings have significant implications in the use of probiotic lactobacilli as immunostimulatory versus immunoregulatory agents. Probiotics can be ineffective or even detrimental if not used at the optimal dosage for the appropriate purposes.

title: High dose and low dose @entity9206 exerted differential immune modulating effects on T cell immune responses induced by an oral @entity1 rotavirus vaccine in gnotobiotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus acidophilus']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endovascular coil treatment is being used increasingly as an alternative to clipping for some @entity1756 . The relative benefits of these 2 approaches have yet to be fully established. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome, resource consumption, and cost-effectiveness of endovascular treatment vs surgical clipping in a developing country. METHODS: The study population consisted of 55 @entity1 with @entity510 ( @entity510 ) identified prospectively from January 2004 to June 2007. Of the 55 @entity1 with @entity1756 , 31 underwent surgical clipping, whereas 24 were treated via interventional coils. Clinical outcome at 6 months, using the modified Rankin Scale, and cost of treatment related to all aspects of the inpatient stay were evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: The average age of the @entity1 in the endovascular group was 38 years, whereas in the surgical group, it was 45 years. Most @entity1 (43) were found to be in grades (1 and 2). Of these @entity1 , 18 received coils and 25 were clipped. The remaining 12 @entity1 were of poor grades (3 and 4), of which 6 had coiling and 6 underwent clipping. Most the @entity1 (46/55) had anterior circulation @entity439 , and the rest of the @entity1 (9/55) had posterior circulation @entity439 . The clinical outcome was similar in comparison (good in 81% for clipping and 83% for coiling). The average total cost for @entity1 undergoing endovascular treatment of the @entity439 was  5080, whereas the average total cost of surgical clipping was  3127. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity439 @entity510 whom we judged to require coiling had higher charges than @entity1 who could be treated by clipping. The benefits of apparent decrease in length of stay in the endovascular group were offset by higher procedure price and cost of consumables. There was no significant difference in clinical outcome at 6 months. We have proposed a risk scoring system to give guidelines regarding the choice of treatment considering size of @entity439 and resource allocation.

title: Cost-effectiveness of clipping vs coiling of intracranial aneurysms after XXXX in a developing country--a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'SAH']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysmal', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: Between 1941 and 1944 the Polish Home Army sanitary service was well prepared for the fight against @entity281 . The underground in so called General Government was both well organised and unimerous (nearly 350,000). The medical staff consisted of army doctors not taken prisoner, and civilians who as reserve officers were sworn to serve in the Home Army. Students from both elementary and secondary schools acted as undercover nurses having been prepared for the job by @entity1 guides organisation. The main @entity281 were @entity1682 . Other diseases were rather rare during the World War Two. Since majority of population had been inoculated, the partisans needed only boosters. The typhoid spread in winters of 1941-42 and 1942-43 to the cast of the Vistula. Infections centres were isolated yet only the German part of population was inoculated by Weigl method. Since the vaccine was both expensive and hard to get only the Polish a staff officers of the Home Army and some doctors were inoculated. The epidemics of @entity5163 was particularly dangerous in August and September 1944 in the Kampinos Group during the Warsaw Uprising. In the barns of six villages in Kampinos there were 1190 sick partisans. Small amounts of medicines were parachuted by Polish Air Force from Italy. Therefor the chief medical officer recommended each @entity1 drink a glass of @entity291 blood daily. This decreased mortality to nearly a zero.

title: [The fight against XXXX , typhus and typhoid by Polish underground between 1941-1944].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections diseases']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['dysentery typhus and typhoid']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['dysentery']

answer: @entity5163 :: (MESH:D004403,Disease) :: ['dysentery']


abstract: @entity14931 have been associated with a poor long-term prognosis. We investigated whether they predict a poor response to treatment with slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs (SAARDs). Two hundred and twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) were treated for six months with a SAARD. Clinical and laboratory assessments of disease activity were made initially and after 6 months' treatment. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of nodules at entry. Twenty-one % had nodules before treatment but their response was no different to @entity1 without nodules (79%), both groups showing improvements in all variables. Males were more likely to develop nodules and had a relative risk of 1.7. High titres of rheumatoid factor correlated with nodules and no sero-negative @entity1 had nodules. We conclude that nodules are not predictive of poor response to treatment with a SAARD, despite their presence being associated with a poor long-term prognosis. One possible implication is that SAARDs themselves, despite an early response, may not effect long-term outcome.

title: XXXX do not predict response to treatment with slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs.

entities_list: @entity14931 :: ('MESH:D012218', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid nodules']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity14931 :: (MESH:D012218,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid nodules']


abstract: Translation and mRNA decay constitute key players in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. We examine the mechanisms by which the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of nonaberrant mRNAs acts to modulate both these processes in @entity375 . Two classes of functional relationship between ribosome-5'-UTR interactions and mRNA decay are identifiable. In the first of these, elements in the main @entity5545 ( @entity5545 ) dictate how the decay process reacts to inhibitory structures in the 5'-UTR. The same types of stability modulation can be elicited by trans-regulation of translation via inducible binding of the @entity68 -regulatory protein to an @entity68 -responsive element located 9 @entity2036 from the 5' cap. A eukaryotic translational repressor can therefore modulate mRNA decay via the 5'-UTR. In contrast, translational regulation mediated via changes in the activity of the cap-binding eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF-4E bypasses translation-dependent pathways of mRNA degradation. Thus modulation of mRNA stability via the 5'-UTR depends on disruption of the scanning process, rather than changes in translational initiation efficiency per se. In the second class of pathway, an upstream @entity5545 (uORF) functions as a powerful destabilizing element, inducing termination-dependent degradation that is apparently independent of any main @entity5545 determinants but influenced by the efficiencies of ribosomal recognition of the uORF start and stop codons. This latter mechanism provides a regulatable means to modulate the stability of nonaberrant mRNAs via a UPF-dependent pathway.

title: Disruption of ribosomal scanning on the 5'-untranslated region, and not restriction of translational initiation per se, modulates the stability of nonaberrant mRNAs in the XXXX @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['ORF', 'open reading frame']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Lung transplantation of @entity1 on mechanical ventilation is controversial, but successful transplantation of these @entity1 has been reported. This report describes our institutional experience with lung transplantation of mechanically ventilated @entity1 since 2003. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed of all adult @entity1 who underwent transplantation between October 2003 and October 2007. The @entity1 on mechanical ventilation before transplantation were compared with @entity1 without mechanical ventilation before transplantation. Survival, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, post-transplant mechanical ventilation days, and primary graft function were analyzed. RESULTS: Before transplantation, 15 @entity1 received mechanical ventilation for a median of 20 days (range, 5-90 days); of these, 13 underwent transplantation, and 2 died waiting for transplantation. The control group comprised 70 @entity1 . Time on the transplantation waiting list was significantly shorter for the study group vs the control group. The 2 groups did not differ in survival, post-transplantation hospital time, and primary graft dysfunction scores at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after transplantation. Median time of mechanical ventilation after transplantation and median length of stay in the intensive care unit stay were longer in the study group. CONCLUSION: The survival rate and post-operative clinical course of @entity1 undergoing transplantation while receiving mechanical ventilation for @entity1576 suggest that these @entity1 can be considered for lung transplantation. Despite a longer time on post-operative mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay, outcome is similar to that of other lung transplant candidates.

title: Lung transplantation for ventilator-dependent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Earlier research has suggested a positive association between @entity5343 ( @entity5343 ) and @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ). We have here investigated the risk of @entity5343 in individuals with @entity1593 from a general population cohort. METHODS: Through the Swedish national registers we identified 14,366 individuals with a diagnosis of @entity1593 (1964-2003) and 70,095 reference individuals matched for age, sex, calendar year, and county of residence. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for subsequent @entity5343 . Analyses were restricted to individuals with more than 1 yr of follow-up and without @entity5343 prior to study entry or within 1 yr after study entry. Conditional logistic regression estimated the odds ratio for @entity1593 in individuals with prior @entity5343 . RESULTS: There was a statistically significantly positive association between @entity1593 and subsequent @entity5343 [HR = 11.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.4-29.6]. This risk increase was seen in both @entity1 and adults and did not change with adjustment for @entity6 or socioeconomic status. When we restricted reference individuals to inpatients, the adjusted HR for @entity5343 was 4.6 (95% CI = 1.9-11.4). Individuals with prior @entity5343 were at increased risk of @entity1593 (odds ratio = 8.6; 95% CI = 3.4-21.8). CONCLUSIONS: This study found a highly increased risk of @entity5343 in individuals with @entity1593 . This relationship was independent of temporal sequence. We therefore recommend that individuals with @entity5343 should be screened for @entity1593 . We also suggest an increased awareness of @entity5343 in individuals with @entity1593 .

title: Risk of primary adrenal insufficiency in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: Previous studies demonstrated that GHRP-6 has modest @entity11249 -releasing activity in primary pituitary cell monolayer cultures. However, the effects of this peptide have always been tested on cells very sensitive to @entity11523 . We have previously reported that @entity11523 is unable to stimulate @entity11249 secretion in the @entity30118 @entity35 @entity5 cell line. The aim of the study was to assess for the first time the effect on @entity11249 secretion of the GHRP-6 analog, @entity32788 , in the @entity30118 cells; moreover, we investigated the potential involvement of @entity11523 in the effects of @entity32788 in the @entity30118 @entity35 cell line. The GHRP-6 analog @entity32788 (0.01-1 microM) significantly stimulated @entity11249 release in both normal and @entity30118 @entity35 cells. The greatest @entity11249 -releasing effect of @entity32788 was observed with the 1 microM dose both in @entity30118 (155+/-25% vs. control wells) and in normal @entity35 pituitary cells (185+/-23% vs. control wells). @entity11523 significantly stimulated @entity11249 secretion in normal @entity35 somatotrophs (3-fold increase). In this latter cell model, @entity11523 and @entity32788 were demonstrated to have additive stimulatory effects on @entity11249 secretion. Conversely, @entity11523 did not affect @entity32788 -stimulated @entity11249 release in @entity30118 cells at any of the doses used. Finally, @entity7410 significantly stimulated @entity11249 secretion in both normal @entity35 and @entity30118 cells. These results provide in vitro evidence that non- @entity11523 -mediated pathways for GHRP action exist. Moreover, the observation that cells not sensitive to @entity11523 can be significantly stimulated by @entity32788 strongly suggests that GHRPs and @entity11523 have two distinct sites and modes of action at the pituitary level.

title: XXXX , a novel GHRP-6 analog, stimulates @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) release in a @entity11249 -secreting @entity35 cell line ( @entity30118 ) insensitive to @entity11249 -releasing hormone.

entities_list: @entity32788 :: ('MESH:C086184', 'Chemical') :: ['hexarelin']

answer: @entity32788 :: (MESH:C086184,Chemical) :: ['Hexarelin']


abstract: The effects of cardiogenic and noncardiogenic @entity3126 on the activities of @entity11278 ( @entity11278 ) and pulmonary C-fibre receptors were investigated in @entity235 anaesthetized with @entity4486 . @entity3126 was produced by elevating the mean left atrial pressure by 25 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.32 Pa) above the control value for a period of 45 min, by @entity339 . @entity3126 was produced by injecting @entity10835 (100 mg/kg) intravenously. The effect of the latter was examined on @entity11278 alone. Cardiogenic @entity4 activated @entity11278 (n = 8) and the activity was greatest during the first few minutes after elevation of mean left atrial pressure. The pulmonary C-fibre receptors (n = 6) were also activated by cardiogenic @entity4 , but these responses were variable. @entity3126 also activated RAR (n = 6), and this response was maintained during the entire recording period (20 min). The extravascular lung water (%), measured 15 min (n = 5) and 45 min (n = 5) after the elevation of the mean left atrial pressure, was significantly elevated above control values. However, these two values were not significantly different from each other. The extravascular lung water increased significantly after the injection of @entity10835 also (n = 5). These results show that during @entity3126 , there is significant stimulation of the @entity11278 and the pulmonary C-fibre receptors. It is suggested that the reflex respiratory responses observed in @entity3126 may be due to the activation of both the @entity11278 and the pulmonary C-fibre receptors.

title: Responses of pulmonary C-fibre and rapidly adapting receptor afferents to pulmonary congestion and @entity4 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['partial obstruction of the mitral valve']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiogenic pulmonary edema', 'pulmonary edema', 'Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity11278 :: ('MESH:C538458', 'Disease') :: ['rapidly adapting receptors', 'RARs']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The complex pathogenesis of @entity1315 includes neuronal and glial pathology, synaptic reorganization, and an immune response. However, the spatio-temporal pattern of structural changes in the brain that provide a substrate for @entity410 generation and modulate the @entity410 phenotype is yet to be completely elucidated. We used quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study structural changes triggered by @entity159 ( @entity159 ) and their association with epileptogenesis and with activation of complement component 3 ( @entity28244 ). @entity159 was induced by injection of @entity2134 in @entity2659 @entity19 . Quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging and T2 relaxometry was performed using a 16.4-Tesla MRI scanner at 3  h and 1, 2, 7, 14, 28, 35, and 49  days post- @entity159 . Following longitudinal MRI examinations, spontaneous recurrent @entity410 and interictal spikes were quantified using continuous video-EEG monitoring. Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity28244 expression was performed at 48  h, 7  days, and 4  months post- @entity159 . MRI changes were dynamic, reflecting different outcomes in relation to the development of @entity302 . Apparent diffusion coefficient changes in the hippocampus at 7  days post- @entity159 correlated with the severity of the evolving @entity302 . @entity28244 activation was found in all stages of epileptogenesis within the areas with significant MRI changes and correlated with the severity of @entity302 .

title: MRI changes and complement activation correlate with epileptogenicity in a XXXX model of @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptic condition']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effects of @entity12579 (ANP) on constriction and relaxation of pulmonary artery and aorta in @entity5694 @entity35 in vitro. METHODS: 24 male SD @entity35 were randomly divided into 3 groups, control group, @entity558 group, ANP therapy group. These groups were injected physiologic salt water, lipopolysaccharide ( @entity558 2 mg/kg) and @entity558 + ANP( @entity558 2 mg/kg, ANP 2 microg/kg) into vein respectively. After 4 hours, @entity35 were exsanguinated to kill and aorta and pulmonary artery were separated from heart-lung for experiment of blood vessel rings. Constriction effects of aorta and pulmonary artery by @entity1063 (NE), relaxation of aorta and pulmonary artery by @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity1854 SNP) observed by perfusion system in vitro. RESULTS: Sensitiveness of NE-induced (10(-9)-10(-7) mol/L) constriction of aorta in @entity558 group was attenuated and EC50 was increased, but its strength (3 x 10(-7)-10(-6) mol/L) was greater comparing with control group (P < 0.01). In ANP group, the NE-induced contractility of aorta was similar to @entity558 group (P > 0.05). Comparing with control group, NE-induced @entity358 exposure to @entity558 was reinforced especially in 3 x 10(-7)-10(-6) mol/L of NE (P < 0.01), but its EC50 was obviously higher (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between ANP group and control group in @entity358 (P > 0.05). Relaxation and sensitiveness of aorta and pulmonary artery exposure to @entity558 were evidently improved in ANP therapy group induced by @entity1617 and SNP respectively (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and their EC50 markedly decreased comparing with @entity558 group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) respectively. CONCLUSION: ANP can suppress the reinforcing of NE-induced @entity358 exposure to @entity558 and partly or entirely reverse the attenuated relaxation of pulmonary artery and aorta induced by @entity1617 and SNP in @entity5694 @entity35 .

title: [Pulmonary artery in @entity5694 @entity35 . Effects of XXXX on relaxation and constriction of aorta and pulmonary artery in @entity5694 @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['constriction of pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity12579 :: (24602(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']


abstract: Symptomatic immune @entity882 in adults is potentially lethal, and, when conventionally treated with oral corticosteroid agents, approximately two thirds of @entity1 will have some response in platelet count, but this is seldom durable. Since cytotoxic drugs are of limited benefit at this stage, splenectomy becomes necessary in 70% of @entity1 . Intravenous gammaglobulin has been advocated as an alternative to @entity229 as the primary form of treatment. A prospective, randomized comparison was carried out between oral @entity229 (1 mg/kg/day; group 1; n = 17), high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin (400 mg/kg on days 1 through 5; group 2; n = 13), or a combination of both agents given on the same schedule (group 3; n = 13). The groups were well matched clinically and hematologically. No mortality occurred after initiating therapy, but one @entity1 experienced a @entity64 . Response, defined as a platelet count greater than 50 x 10(9)/L, was achieved in 82%, 54%, and 92% of @entity1 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, but was only significant between groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.0365). The median times to peak platelet counts were 8.5 days (range 7 to 21 days), 7 (range 5 to 10 days), and 7 (range 3 to 23 days), respectively. Although there was a trend in favor of the @entity134 -administered groups, relapse was not significantly different, which occurred at a median of 184, 32, and 76 days, respectively, nor was the average time to splenectomy different at 339, 59, and 98 days, respectively. At a minimum of 2 years of follow-up, 5 of 17 in group 1, 2 of 13 in group 2, and 1 of 13 in group 3 had achieved platelet counts of greater than 100 x 10(9)/L and, therefore, did not require splenectomy. In contrast, where this indication was present for failure to respond, 8 of 12 (67%) in group 1, 4 of 8 (50%) in group 2, and 9 of 12 (75%) in group 3 remain in complete remission. Significantly more @entity1 in group 2 than group 3 experienced a relapse (P = 0.0365). It is concluded that in previously untreated adults with symptomatic immune @entity882 , gammaglobulin offers no advantage over conventional corticosteroid administration as the primary form of therapy. Additionally, more intense immunosuppression, resulting from the use of both agents combined, is no better than single agent corticosteroid agents and appears to be an unnecessary and unwarranted expense.

title: Intravenous gammaglobulin has no advantages over oral corticosteroids as primary therapy for adults with immune XXXX : a prospective randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the outcome of @entity1 with @entity227 associated with @entity6228 ( @entity6228 ) managed with diamond burr (DB) polishing. DESIGN: Retrospective nonrandomized case series. METHODS: A chart review of all @entity1 with @entity6228 who underwent epithelial debridement and DB polishing to treat @entity227 resulting from corneal epithelial irregularity was performed. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 ' charts were analyzed. The mean age was 57.4 years. DB treatment was performed in 13 eyes. The average preoperative BCVA was 0.40 (20/50). At the last follow-up (mean 21.8 months) the average visual acuity of these @entity1 was 0.88 (20/23), significantly better than pre-operative readings (P < .001). There was no recurrence of dystrophic changes in the treatment zone seen with the slit lamp during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, DB polishing was shown to be an effective and safe treatment for @entity227 caused by to @entity6228 over an average follow-up of 21.8 months.

title: Diamond burr treatment of poor vision from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances', 'decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity6228 :: ('MESH:C535477', 'Disease') :: ['anterior basement membrane dystrophy', 'ABMD']

answer: @entity6228 :: (MESH:C535477,Disease) :: ['anterior basement membrane dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Polynesians in New Caledonia have an increased risk for developing @entity6 , compared to Melanesians or Europeans. They are also more prone to @entity28 . The aim of this study was to analyse differences in the pre- @entity6 state that may explain the varying susceptibility to @entity6 between these three ethnic groups, focusing on the balance between @entity2690 resistance and capacity of pancreatic cells to secrete @entity2690 . DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: The CALDIA Study is a population-based cross-sectional survey of @entity6 prevalence conducted in New Caledonia. All @entity1 who did not have @entity6 , according to the results of a 0-2 h oral @entity413 tolerance test (n=392), were selected for analysis. RESULTS: Compared to Europeans, Polynesians and Melanesians had significantly higher body mass indices (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs). Polynesians had higher fasting plasma @entity413 values than Europeans or Melanesians (6.03 mmol/l, vs 5.78 and 5.46, respectively; P<0.0001). Fasting plasma @entity2690 level and the estimate of @entity2690 resistance by homeostasis model assessment were not significantly different between the three ethnic groups. Homeostasis model assessment estimate of beta-cell secretory capacity was lower in Polynesians compared to the two other ethnic groups (83.1 mU/mmol, vs 119.3 and 125.2, respectively; P<0.02). CONCLUSION: Despite a high prevalence of @entity1144 , as judged by high BMI and WHR, in Polynesians of New Caledonia, their high risk of @entity6 may be more strongly related to a defect in @entity2690 secretion capacity than to @entity2690 resistance.

title: Relationships between glycaemic abnormalities, XXXX and @entity2690 resistance in nondiabetic Polynesians of New Caledonia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: High levels of @entity2002 and clotting factor VII are associated with an increased risk for subsequent @entity204 and @entity65 in apparently healthy individuals. Furthermore, pathoanatomic studies and coronary angiography have confirmed a relationship between coronary @entity715 formation and acute Q-wave @entity1188 . Effective antithrombotic agents may prevent or limit @entity715 formation and events related to @entity715 . The @entity1229 Re-Infarction Study (WARIS) studied the effect of @entity1229 in survivors of @entity583 . @entity1 aged 75 years or less were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to test whether long-term treatment with @entity1229 reduces the risk of @entity204 , reinfarction, and @entity1031 morbidity. A total of 1918 @entity1 were screened for participation; 1214 were recruited. The mean follow-up was 37 months. Analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis, 123 (20%) in the placebo group died, versus 94 (15%) in the @entity1229 group, a risk reduction of 24% (P = 0.026). Considering @entity1 on treatment or within 28 days after discontinuing the test medication, 92 in the placebo group died, as compared with 60 of the @entity1229 -treated @entity1 , a risk reduction of 35% (P = 0.005). Relapsing @entity583 (fatal and nonfatal) was reduced by 43% (P = 0.0001). The incidence of cerebrovascular attacks was lower in the @entity1229 group (16 @entity1 ) than the placebo group (41 @entity1 ), a highly significant reduction of 61% (P = 0.0003). Serious @entity548 occurred in 11 @entity1 taking @entity1229 , an incidence of 0.6% per year. In conclusion, long-term anticoagulant therapy may be recommended after @entity583 .

title: Long-term anticoagulant treatment after @entity583 . The XXXX Re-Infarction Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['Warfarin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ability of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation to cure @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) is due to both the conditioning regimen and the antileukemic effects of the lymphocytes in the grafted marrow. We studied the ability of interferon alfa-2b and infusions of mononuclear cells from the marrow donor to induce a graft-versus- @entity1778 reaction in @entity1 with @entity1860 in relapse after bone marrow transplantation. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with @entity1860 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation were treated with interferon alfa-2b and infusions of mononuclear cells. The @entity1 were monitored for toxic effects, for hematologic and cytogenetic responses, and, with use of the polymerase chain reaction, for elimination of cells containing the bcr/abl messenger RNA transcript characteristic of the leukemic cells. RESULTS: Six of the eight @entity1 with stable @entity1860 after relapse had complete remissions according to molecular genetic criteria, since no cells with bcr/abl messenger RNA transcripts were detected (the method can identify 1 leukemic cell among 1 million normal cells). The three @entity1 with accelerated @entity1860 after relapse did not enter remission. Myelosuppression was prominent in eight @entity1 . Grade I @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) occurred in six @entity1 , and grade III acute @entity2132 occurred in three. Limited chronic @entity2132 developed in five @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The induction of a graft-versus- @entity1778 reaction with interferon alfa-2b and infusions of donor mononuclear cells in @entity1 with @entity1860 in relapse after bone marrow transplantation is an effective antileukemic therapy that may offer an alternative to a second marrow transplantation.

title: Induction of XXXX as immunotherapy for relapsed @entity1860 .

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia', 'relapsed CML']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prefeeding cues are @entity4934 that communicate feeding readiness, and the ability to self-comfort and regulate behavioral state. Intrapartum and newborn procedures have been associated with altered frequency and emergence of prefeeding cues soon after birth. Intrapartum synthetic @entity398 is commonly used for labor induction/augmentation in the US, yet there is little research on potential effects on @entity1 neurobehavioral cues. AIMS: To explore whether fetal exposure to synthetic @entity398 was associated with the @entity1 's level of prefeeding organization shortly after birth. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort. SUBJECTS: A convenience sample of 47 healthy full-term @entity1 (36 exposed and 11 unexposed to intrapartum synthetic @entity398 ) was studied. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Fetal distress, vacuum/forceps, cesarean, and low Apgar. OUTCOME MEASURES: Videotapes of @entity1 (45-50min postbirth) were coded for frequency of eight prefeeding cues, and analyzed by level of prefeeding organization. RESULTS: In general, fewer prefeeding cues were observed in @entity1 exposed versus unexposed to synOT and differences were significant for brief and sustained hand to mouth cues [incidence rate ratio (95% CI)=0.6 (0.4, 0.9) and 0.5 (0.2, 0.9), respectively]. Forty-four percent of exposed @entity1 demonstrated a low level of prefeeding organization, compared to 0% from the unexposed group. In contrast, 25% of exposed versus 64% of unexposed @entity1 demonstrated high prefeeding organization. After adjusting for covariates, exposed @entity1 were at 11.5 times (95% CI=1.8-73.3) the odds of demonstrating low/medium versus high levels of prefeeding organization compared to unexposed @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Newborn neurobehavioral cues may be sensitive to intrapartum synthetic @entity398 .

title: Fetal exposure to synthetic XXXX and the relationship with prefeeding cues within one hour postbirth.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['oral-motor neurobehaviors']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present retrospective study was to examine the clinical differences between @entity1 hospitalized with H1N1 virus and those hospitalized with nonvirus @entity1729 in 2009 and 2010. METHODS: Adult @entity1 data were collected from three tertiary hospital centers. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing was used to confirm the diagnosis. We included 106 H1N1-positive @entity1 (52 from 2009 and 54 from 2010). These data were compared with those from 108 @entity1 with H1N1-negative @entity1729 (51 @entity1 from 2009 and 57 from 2010). RESULTS: In 2009, the mean age was 36.4 years for H1N1-positive @entity1 versus 46.4 years for H1N1-negative @entity1 , and mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.4 kg/m(2) @entity1 and 28.1 kg/m(2), respectively. In 2009, seven @entity1 required intubation, six of whom were H1N1-positive. In 2010, the mean age was 43.8 years for H1N1-positive @entity1 versus 60.2 years for H1N1-negative @entity1 , and mean BMI was 32.3 kg/m(2) and 26.9 kg/m(2), respectively. In 2010, six @entity1 required intubation, three of whom were H1N1-positive. Abnormal chest x-ray findings were found significantly more frequently in H1N1-negative @entity1 than in H1N1-positive @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In comparison with 2009, H1N1-positive @entity1 in 2010 were older, were more likely to be @entity28 , and had more severe clinical and laboratory perturbations. However, this did not affect their outcomes. H1N1-negative @entity1 were older in comparison with those who were H1N1-positive, and had more severe clinical and laboratory perturbations.

title: Clinical differences between influenza A (H1N1) virus and XXXX between the two waves in 2009 and 2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infection']


abstract: Curative resection of limited @entity4056 does not always mean curation with @entity5 -free long-term survival. We present two cases of ultra-late recurrence 14 years after initial treatment. In the first case a 50-year-old male underwent in 1997 a subtotal esophagectomy with tubulation of the stomach for a localized @entity189 . Postoperative staging showed a poorly differentiated @entity420 , pT1N1 (stage IIB). In May 2011, 14 years after the initial resection, multiple bone @entity3 were diagnosed and a biopsy confirmed the poorly differentiated @entity189 with the same characteristics as the @entity5 . Investigations showed no evidence for a new @entity5 . The second case is a 52-year old @entity1 who underwent a low anterior resection for a small @entity5 in 1997, histologically a well differentiated @entity420 , stage IB (pT2NO). In December 2011 multiple @entity3 were diagnosed and a biopsy showed a @entity3 from a @entity189 , suggestive for a @entity14 . There was also no evidence for a new @entity5 . Although the prognosis of limited esophageal and @entity14 is good, recurrence is always possible and an ultra-late recurrence may exceptionally occur. The mechanism of @entity5 dormancy is described.

title: Ultra-late recurrences of XXXX after primary resection: the mechanism of dormancy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous carcinoma', 'Barrett carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-intestinal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4056 :: (MESH:D007414,Disease) :: ['gastro-intestinal carcinoma']


abstract: Two hundred thirteen cases of @entity26210 ( @entity26210 ) were diagnosed by virus isolation and seroconversion at Curran Lutheran Hospital in Zorzor, Liberia, between July 1980 and April 1986. An additional 40 cases of probable and presumptive @entity26210 were diagnosed on the basis of single serum samples. Of the 246 assessable @entity1 , 23 (9%) died; no data were available for seven @entity1 . Five (16%) of 32 pregnant @entity1 and three (43%) of seven immediately postpartum @entity1 died. Four (26%) of 15 @entity1 less than 12 years died. Case-fatality rates among 125 nonpregnant @entity1 and 67 @entity1 were approximately 6%. Among 150 @entity1 studied in detail, the case-fatality rate was also 9%. Seventeen (11%) of these @entity1 had @entity548 ; of these, six (35%) died. Most platelet counts were at low normal to mildly depressed levels. However, serial counts in seven @entity1 suggested a decrease on about days 10-12 of illness. The symptoms of @entity26210 in Liberia are those of a @entity1800 . @entity4 , sometimes marked, is noted in seriously ill @entity1 . A great variation in mortality and incidence of @entity548 is recorded in reported series of @entity26210 ; it appears that @entity548 is a marker for cases with a high mortality. The incidence and severity of @entity393 in @entity26210 outbreaks vary. Elucidation of a number of clinical problems in @entity26210 requires more information on how strain differences affect the pattern of illness.

title: Clinical features of XXXX in Liberia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral syndrome']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing defects']

answer: @entity26210 :: (MESH:D007835,Disease) :: ['Lassa fever']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To quantify the number of adolescent females < age 21 years with pre-cancerous @entity75 ( @entity3146 or higher (CIN 2+) or @entity15709 ( @entity15709 )) in Connecticut in the time period before new cervical screening recommendations went into effect and identify any demographic associations with a diagnosis of CIN  3. DESIGN: Descriptive analysis, surveillance. SETTING: CIN 2+/ @entity15709 precancerous @entity75 have been reportable conditions in Connecticut since 2008 for the purpose of public health surveillance. @entity1 : All @entity1 < 21 years old with pre-cancerous @entity75 diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 (N = 681). RESULTS: Of the 681 reports, 478 (70.2%) @entity1 had CIN 2, 92 had CIN 2/3 (13.5%), and 110 (16.2%) had CIN 3. CIN 3 occurred at an average rate statewide of 19/100,000 per year for @entity1 ages 13-20. The majority of adolescents with pre-cancerous @entity75 CIN 2+/ @entity15709 (70%) were 19 and 20 years of age. CIN 3 vs CIN 2 is not found to be associated with age, insurance status, specimen collection year, or living in a non-urban vs urban county. CONCLUSION: The majority of cases of pre-cancerous @entity75 in adolescents diagnosed before new screening recommendations were in effect are CIN 2 and therefore, likely to regress. CIN 3 has been infrequently found in adolescent females under age 19 years; however, under the new screening guidelines, 110 cases of CIN 3 including 77 in @entity1 19-20 years could have been missed in the adolescent female in Connecticut from 2008-2010 (54.4 per 100,000 per year for 19-20 year olds). Based upon these findings, it is necessary that clinicians educate adolescents and parents about the new screening guidelines and the importance of establishing regular cervical @entity5 screening beginning at age  21.

title: The prevalence of HPV associated @entity3146 in XXXX under age 21: who will be missed under the new cervical @entity5 screening guidelines?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The chondron is a basic unit of articular cartilage that includes the chondrocyte and its pericellular matrix (PCM). This current study was designed to investigate the effects of the chondron PCM on the gene expression profile of chondrocytes. DESIGN: Chondrons and chondrocytes were enzymatically isolated from @entity1 articular cartilage, and maintained in pellet culture. Pellets of chondrons or chondrocytes were collected at days 1, 3 and 5 for cDNA microarray analysis. RESULTS: In comparison with chondrocytes alone, chondrons had 258 genes, in a broad range of functional categories, either up- or downregulated at the three time points tested. At day 1, 26 genes were significantly upregulated in chondrons and four downregulated in comparison to chondrocytes. At day 3, the number of upregulated chondron genes was 97 and the number downregulated was 43. By day 5, there were more downregulated genes (56) than upregulated genes (32) in chondrons. Upregulation of a group of @entity1457 proteins ( @entity1878 , @entity15639 and @entity9487 ) in chondrons was validated by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genes related to chondrocyte @entity1184 and dedifferentiation such as @entity47625 and DCN were downregulated in chondrons as compared to the expression in chondrocytes. CONCLUSION: The presence of the PCM in chondrons has a profound influence on chondrocyte gene expression. Upregulation of the @entity1457 protein 70 may contribute to the robustness and active matrix production of chondrons. The intact PCM may further stabilize the phenotype of chondrocytes within chondrons.

title: Comparison of gene expression profile between XXXX chondrons and chondrocytes: a cDNA microarray study.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated hematocrit (Hct) contributes to blood viscosity and has an adverse effect in @entity64 . The authors investigated the influence of Hct on tissue fate using serial MRI in @entity64 @entity1 . METHODS: The effects of Hct on reperfusion, penumbral salvage, and @entity1188 expansion in 64 @entity1 presenting within 24 hours of @entity64 onset were measured. MRI was performed at baseline (< 24 hours), days 3 to 5, and 90 days from @entity64 onset. RESULTS: Median Hct was 42% with a bimodal distribution. There was a strong inverse relationship between Hct and reperfusion (Spearman rho = -0.74, p < 0.0001). The odds of major reperfusion (> 50% resolution of the baseline perfusion-weighted imaging deficit) were significantly lower with increasing Hct (odds ratio [OR] = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.97 to 1.00), independent of age, perfusion, and diffusion lesion volumes and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) administration. There was a trend toward reduced penumbral salvage at days 3 to 5 with increasing Hct (p = 0.06, 95% CI = -4.76 to 0.14). An increasing Hct was a significant predictor of @entity1188 growth (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.59), independent of baseline perfusion and diffusion volumes and @entity413 . The effect of Hct on reperfusion and @entity1188 expansion was similar irrespective of rtPA administration (p = 0.31) and independent of smoking status. CONCLUSIONS: Higher hematocrit (Hct) values have a significant independent association with reduced reperfusion and greater @entity1188 size after @entity385 . An elevated Hct may also be a potential physiologic determinant of reduced penumbral salvage.

title: Elevated hematocrit is associated with reduced reperfusion and tissue survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: AIMS: We evaluated the effect of modified Davidson's fixative (mDF) on the number of lymph nodes examined and staging in @entity1 with @entity694 . METHODS: The results of two different fixation methods used in the pathological preparation of the resection specimens were analyzed. A traditional @entity406 preparation with manual dissection of all nodes was performed in 117 colon specimens between January 2003 and July 2004. After July 2004, the resected specimens of 125 @entity1 was fixated in mDF. Differences in the retrieval and number of nodes and size of suspected nodal metastases were measured. All lymph nodes were stained with conventional H_E methods. RESULTS: The median number of examined nodes increased from 5 (0-17) to 13 (0-35) nodes after the introduction of mDF (p<0.001). The type of resection and the T-stage influenced the number of retrieved nodes significantly. The percentage of node-positive cases increased from 30% to 41% (p=0.077) with mDF, the median size of the retrieved lymph nodes decreased from 9 mm before to 6 mm after mDF (p<0.001) and more micrometastases were found (6% vs. 16%, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: With mDF technique more lymph nodes were retrieved in the resected colon specimens. Smaller nodes and more micrometastases were found, leading to more node positive @entity1 .

title: Effect of modified Davidson's fixative on examined number of lymph nodes and TNM-stage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: 1. Analysis of biochemical parameters was carried out on material pooled from 10 @entity6599 , adult male and female, of the Papio c. cinocephalus strain. 2. The values determined were for the common metabolites and enzymes utilized for specific studies in general metabolism ( @entity1133 , @entity413 , @entity165 , phospholipids, @entity648 , @entity414 , @entity1011 , alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, @entity368 amino peptidase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total @entity908 kinase and amylase). Total protein and its fractions (ratio albumin/globulin, albumin, alpha 1-globulin and alpha 2-globulin) were also determined. 3. Results of these studies were compared with values for normal @entity1 adults. 4. The differences obtained between the respective ranges can be explained by the different physiology of the two species and, possibly, may also be caused by the use of @entity1 substrates in the enzyme assays. 5. Through the determination of normal values for the @entity3474 , this study provides values for this species as an experimental animal in biomedical research.

title: Normal biochemistry values in XXXX (Papio C. cinocephalus).

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity6599 :: (9557,Species) :: ['baboons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 45-item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) questionnaire assesses health-related quality of life in @entity1 with liver, bile duct, and @entity788 . Although the FACT-Hep was initially derived from @entity1 input, this study's researchers sought to verify adequate coverage of items by soliciting open-ended input from @entity1 with @entity1442 . METHODS: As part of a larger study in collaboration with the National @entity5 Network (NCCN), 50 @entity1 (60% male, 80% caucasian, average age 60.4 years) with stage 3 or 4 hepatobiliary or @entity788 were recruited. @entity1 generated and ranked up to 10 important symptoms and concerns that physicians should monitor when assessing the value of chemotherapy. @entity1 were also able to provide open-ended, qualitative information that was evaluated systematically. Ten expert physicians also provided input on priority symptoms. RESULTS: The resulting 18-item NCCN-FACT Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Symptom Index (NFHSI-18) demonstrated high internal consistency (a = .89) and moderate to strong correlations with measures of physical well-being (   = .76), emotional well-being (   = 0.52), and functional well-being (   = 0.57). Scores on the NFHSI-18 were also highly correlated with the original hepatobiliary scale of the FACT-Hep (   = .82; all P < .001). Compared with @entity1 with better performance status, @entity1 with poor performance status had worse NFHSI-18 symptom scores, F(3,47) = 9.74; P = .0003. CONCLUSIONS: The NFHSI-18 assesses symptoms of importance to @entity1 with @entity788 and demonstrates promising measurement properties. The scale is a good candidate for brief symptom assessment in clinical trials.

title: Development and validation of a symptom index for advanced @entity788 : the National XXXX Network Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (NCCN-FACT) Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Symptom Index (NFHSI).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']


abstract: The contraction kinetics of smooth muscle show a down-regulation after the transient rise found during sustained contraction. We tried to find out therefore if the contraction kinetics of @entity35 tracheal smooth muscle can be re-accelerated during sustained activation. A 2 s length vibration (100 Hz sinusoidal; amplitude = 6% of the muscle length) produces an immediate fall in the force developed by the activated muscle. A biexponential function was fitted to the force recovery. The reciprocal of the time constant, t2, describing the slow component of force recovery, reflects the kinetics of contraction. The contraction kinetics reach their highest levels (t2 = 4.9 +/- 0.1 s,n = 166) about 30 s after the onset of electrical field stimulation. Three experimental groups were activated by either 10 microM @entity750 ( @entity750 ), 100 microM @entity934 ( @entity1617 ), or by 2 microM @entity1617 for 50 min. Approximately 10 vibrations were applied to each preparation after an 8 min activation in order to observe stabilized down-regulated contraction kinetics. t2 values were calculated from the force recovery after vibration and averaged 11.2 +/- 0.2 s (n = 141), 11.5 +/- 0.2 s (n = 137), and 11.1 +/- 0.3 s (n = 84), respectively. After 50 min of continuous chemical activation, the preparation was stimulated additionally by the neurogenic release of @entity934 . The t2 of post-vibration force recovery, as measured after 30 s of neural activation, showed no change in the specimens basically activated by 100 microM @entity1617 (11.0 +/- 0.4 s, n = 51).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Re-acceleration of the down-regulated contraction kinetics in the XXXX tracheal smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']