abstract: The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of thoracic endografts in endovascular repair of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) with large-diameter aortic necks. We present four @entity1 who underwent elective repair of @entity1028 . Preoperative imaging demonstrated all to have large aortic necks (35-37 mm) precluding treatment with standard abdominal aortic devices. All underwent endovascular treatment, which included the use of a Zenith TX2 endograft (Cook Medical Incorporated, Bloomington, IN, USA) as a proximal aortic cuff. There was 100% technical success. One @entity1 developed @entity360 and a @entity583 . All were subsequently discharged home. On follow-up, there was one @entity204 at three months. The remaining three @entity1 are alive at a mean of 25.7 months after their operation. In conclusion, large proximal aortic necks preclude endovascular treatment with standard abdominal endograft components. The use of a thoracic endograft as a proximal aortic cuff is a feasible technique for @entity1 unable to tolerate open aortic reconstruction.

title: Use of Zenith TX2 endografts in XXXX repair for large-diameter aortic necks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm-related death']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A retrospective study of primary @entity5 (PCWTs/CWTs) was conducted to review their clinical, radiological and pathological features, as well as the early and long-term results of surgical management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1986 through 1996, 41 @entity1 (18/44% male, 23/56% female, aged 15-78 years) with PCWTs were treated in our department. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 (nine male, 14 female, mean age 36 years) had a benign CWT: @entity83 , five @entity1 ; @entity82 , four @entity1 ; @entity808 , three @entity1 ; @entity705 , two @entity1 ; granular cell @entity5 , two @entity1 ; @entity81 , two @entity1 ; @entity362 , two @entity1 ; fibrolipoma, one @entity1 ; @entity1712 , one @entity1 ; @entity439 @entity2001 , one @entity1 . Eighteen @entity1 (nine male, nine female, mean age 59 years) had a malignant CWT: plasmacytoma, five @entity1 ; @entity511 , two @entity1 ; @entity421 , two @entity1 ; @entity1492 , two @entity1 ; @entity765 , two @entity1 ; @entity1822 , one @entity1 ; malignant @entity82 , one @entity1 ; @entity1319 , one @entity1 ; @entity5426 , one @entity1 ; neurinosarcoma, one @entity1 . The ribs were involved in 21 @entity1 , the sternum in five @entity1 , and the soft tissue in 17 @entity1 . Distinction between benign and malignant CWT was not possible using radiographic criteria alone, and diagnosis was always confirmed histologically. Surgical treatment consisted of wide resection in 29 @entity1 (15 benign/14 malignant CWTs), with the use of synthetic mesh in five cases, and excisional or incisional biopsy in 12 @entity1 . There was no perioperative mortality. Two @entity1 with a benign CWT ( @entity81 , one @entity1 ; @entity808 , one @entity1 ) had a local recurrence at 13 and 26 months after resection, respectively, and underwent wide resection (recurrence rate 8.7%). Follow-up at 3-13 years revealed one non- @entity5 -related @entity204 in @entity1 with benign CWT (overall mortality rate 4.3%) and no other local recurrence. The overall 5- and 10-year survival in @entity1 with malignant CWT was 33.3%. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that all CWTs should be considered malignant until proven otherwise. Wide resection with @entity5 -free margins is required in order to provide the best chance for cure in both benign and malignant lesions.

title: Primary XXXX : early and long-term results of surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurilemmoma']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma', 'fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'chest wall tumors']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['enchondroma']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondroma']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['tendon sheath sarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['chest wall tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The management of infected aortic endografts is a challenging endeavor. Treatment of this problem has not been well defined as it is fairly uncommon. However, the incidence is increasing. This study examines the results of treatment at a single center for this morbid process. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of @entity1 treated for infected abdominal or thoracic endograft @entity281 following previous @entity439 repair. Data was reviewed for @entity1 demographics, details of initial endograft implantation, presentation and timeline of subsequent @entity281 , management of infected grafts, and outcomes during follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, 18 @entity1 were treated for infected endografts (thoracic: six, abdominal:12). Three @entity1 were treated between 2000 and 2006, corresponding to a 0.6% institutional incidence of endograft @entity281 (3/473). There were no transfers for infected endografts from outside institutions. From 2006 to 2011, 15 @entity1 underwent treatment. Six were institutional cases of @entity281 (6/945, 0.6% @entity281 rate), however, there was an increase in transfers (n = 9). Median time to presentation with @entity281 from endograft implant was 90 days, with over one-half (61%) presenting within the first 3 months. Tissue and/or blood cultures were positive in 12/16 growing @entity526 (n = 1), group A streptococcus (n = 3), @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 (n = 3), or @entity325 (n = 7). The other four @entity1 were culture negative with computed tomography evidence of gas surrounding the endograft and clinical @entity295 . Ten @entity1 (abdominal: eight, thoracic: two) were treated with endograft explantation. The remaining eight @entity1 were considered too high-risk for explant or refused open surgery and were therefore managed conservatively without explant (abdominal: four, thoracic: four). At a mean follow-up of 24.7 months, @entity439 -related mortality was 38.9% (n = 7) and was higher for @entity1 presenting with @entity292 (n = 6/10, 60%) (P = .04) and for thoracic stent @entity281 (n = 5/6; 83%) (P = .03). The only survivor of a @entity281 was managed surgically. Overall survival for @entity1 with abdominal endografts (n = 12) was similar between the eight @entity1 managed surgically (n = 6/8; 75%) and the four selected for medical management (n = 4/4; 100%) (P = .39). All survivors remain on long-term suppressive antibiotics. Two additional @entity1 died of unrelated causes during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Endograft @entity281 is a rare but increasing complication after @entity439 repair, which carries significant associated morbidity and mortality. Most endograft @entity281 occurred in proximity to other types of @entity281 , suggesting that bacterial seeding of the endograft was the source. @entity292 are common presentations, which portend a significantly worse prognosis. @entity281 , which have the highest rate of fistulization, have the worst outcomes. Surgical excision continues to be standard of care but conservative management with intravenous antibiotics may be of benefit in certain @entity1 with abdominal endograft @entity281 .

title: The management of endograft @entity281 following endovascular thoracic and XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Thoracic endograft infections', 'infections', 'thoracic infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal or thoracic endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['Aortoenteric and aortobronchial fistulas', 'aortoenteric or aortobronchial fistulas']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['abdominal aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the activity of a regimen of interferon alfa-2a (IFN alpha-2a) 5 x 10(6) U/m2 subcutaneously (SC) days 1 through 7 combined with @entity4181 500 mg/m2/d intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) 370 mg/m2/d through IV push 1 hour after @entity4181 days 2 through 6 in a phase II study. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with a good performance status (PS) with measurable @entity14 and no prior therapy for metastatic disease were entered. Cycles were repeated at 3-week intervals if @entity137 had resolved. The @entity1487 dose was increased by 15% if @entity137 was mild, and decreased by 15% for grade 3 to 4 nonhematologic or grade 4 @entity1503 . RESULTS: Three complete responses (CRs) and 21 partial responses (PRs) were seen among 44 assessable @entity1 (54%; 95% confidence interval, 39% to 70%). A moderately strong association was noted between PS and response: PS O (n = 26), two CRs and 15 PRs (65%); @entity13769 (n = 13), one CR and six PRs (54%); @entity13770 (n = 5), zero CRs and zero PRs (0%; two-tailed P = .026). With a median follow-up duration of 18.8 months, the median time to treatment failure (TTF) and survival were 7.8 months and 16.3 months, respectively. Doses were escalated to 425 mg/m2/d @entity1487 in 10 @entity1 , but only four tolerated the higher dose. When expressed as the most severe degree of @entity137 experienced by each @entity1 across all cycles, grade 3 to 4 @entity137 of the following types was observed; @entity33 , 37%; @entity294 , 40%; @entity1910 , 7%; fatigue, 14%; @entity3028 , 13%. Dose-limiting @entity137 at 370 mg/m2/d @entity1487 eventually occurred in 28 @entity1 (61%). Twelve @entity1 (26%) required an @entity4020 a dose reduction for constitutional @entity137 . CONCLUSION: This regimen has promising activity in advanced @entity14 , particularly in @entity1 with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS of 0 to 1.

title: Phase II study of @entity1487 , @entity4181 , and interferon alfa-2a in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors undertook a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 with T11-L2 thoracolumbar burst @entity174 who underwent decompression and the placement of instrumentation via the anterolateral or posterior approach. METHODS: There were 63 thoracolumbar burst @entity174 in 45 male and 18 female @entity1 . The instrumentation was placed posteriorly in 25 @entity1 and anterolaterally in 38. The mean follow-up duration after discharge from the hospital was 1.8 years (range 6 months-8 years). The mean preoperative Frankel scores in the anterolateral and posterior groups were 3.7 +/- 1.1 and 3.5 +/- 1.4, respectively (p = 0.4155). @entity85 in the anterolateral and posterior groups measured 11.9 +/- 9.7 and 4.1 +/- 7.1 degrees, respectively (p = 0.0007). Postoperatively, @entity85 had been corrected to 2.0 +/- 7.9 and 3.4 +/- 7.5 degrees in both groups, respectively (p = 0.565). The follow-up Frankel scores had improved to 4.2 +/- 0.8 and 4.0 +/- 1.4 (p = 0.461). At the latest follow-up examination, @entity85 had progressed to 4.5 +/- 9.3 degrees in the anterolateral group and to 9.8 +/- 9.4 degrees in the posterior group (p = 0.024). dollar 18,270 +/- 6980), there was no intergroup difference in total cost of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Rigid guidelines for the selection of anterior or posterior approaches are lacking. Evaluation of the authors' results and those of others shows that @entity85 is more successfully corrected and maintained when the anterior approach is used.

title: Comparison of anterolateral and posterior approaches in the management of thoracolumbar burst XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative angular deformity', 'angular deformity']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity1408 have compromised cardiac function during exercise. We hypothesized that the Nuss technique would improve cardiopulmonary function during exercise. METHODS: We investigated 75 teenagers (49 @entity1 and 26 controls) at rest and during bicycle exercise prior to surgery and 1 year postoperative. RESULTS: Prior to surgery, @entity1 had a lower cardiac index 6.6    1.1 l/min/m(2) when compared with controls 8.1    1.0 l/min/m(2) during submaximal exercise, P = 0.0001. There was no difference in heart rate or increase in heart rate between the two groups. One year after surgery, cardiac index had significantly increased in the pectus group, P = 0.0054 although cardiac index was still significantly lower 7.2    1.0 l/min/m(2) when compared with the control subjects (8.5    1.6 l/min/m(2), P = 0.0008). Both the @entity1 and the controls increased their VO(2) max during the one-year study period although the controls increased most. Right ventricular diastolic dimension increased in both groups over the one-year study period and left ventricular dimensions increased in the @entity1 . Before operation, the @entity1 had lower forced expiratory capacity FEV(1) 86    13% when compared with controls 94    10%, P = 0.009. @entity1 increased FEV(1)/forced vital capacity over the one-year long study course although there were no differences between groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1408 have lower cardiac index at submaximal exercise when compared with healthy age-matched controls. Their cardiac index and FEV(1) are increased one year after the modified Nuss operation.

title: Improved cardiopulmonary exercise function after modified Nuss operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1408 :: ('MESH:D005660', 'Disease') :: ['pectus excavatum']

answer: @entity1408 :: (MESH:D005660,Disease) :: ['pectus excavatum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Relapses represent one of the main problems of @entity161 management. This article reviews the clinical factors associated with @entity161 relapse. METHODS: A research of the last 22 years of literature data was performed. Two-hundred nineteen studies have been included. RESULTS: Three main groups of factors are related to relapse: factors associated with pharmacological treatment, add-on psychotherapeutic treatments and general risk factors. Overall, the absence of a maintenance therapy and treatment with first generation antipsychotics has been associated with higher risk of relapse. Further, psychotherapy add-on, particularly with cognitive behaviour therapy and psycho-education for both @entity1 and relatives, has shown a good efficacy for reducing the relapse rate. Among general risk factors, some could be modified, such as the duration of untreated @entity716 or the substance misuse, while others could not be modified as male gender or low pre-morbid level of functioning. CONCLUSION: Several classes of risk factors have been proved to be relevant in the risk of relapse. Thus, a careful assessment of the risk factors here identified should be performed in daily clinical practice in order to individualise the relapse risk for each @entity1 and to provide a targeted treatment in high-risk subjects.

title: Clinical factors related to XXXX relapse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to present the prognosis and possible associated prognostic factors after curative resection of @entity1822 . METHODS: From 1979 to 1996 our hospital saw 40 @entity1 with @entity1822 , including 19 females, who did not have @entity3 initially and received curative resection and regular postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age of the 40 @entity1 was 58.7 years. @entity548 and perianal @entity158 were the two most common symptoms at initial diagnosis. Twenty-nine @entity1 received a radical surgical resection, such as abdominoperineal resection or low anterior resection; the other 11 @entity1 received a wide local excision, such as transrectal excision or Kraske's operation. Sixteen @entity5 were classified as high-grade @entity1822 , and 23 as low grade. Nineteen @entity1 (48 percent) developed recurrence or @entity3 postoperatively (median follow-up, 35 months). The overall and disease-free (1-year, 3-year, and 5-year) survival rates were 97, 90, and 75 percent and 90, 59, and 46 percent, respectively. In univariate analysis, younger group (<50 years, n = 9, P = 0.033) and high-grade @entity1822 (P = 0.043) showed poorer prognosis in the disease-free survival curve. In the multivariate @entity797 model, gender, @entity5 size, @entity5 location, and operation type did not significantly affect disease-free survival, whereas histologic grade (P = 0.037) and age divided by a level of 50 years (P = 0.009) were shown to be independent factors. There was a strong trend toward higher local recurrence rate for the wide local excision group than for the radical resection group (55 vs. 24 percent, P = 0.067) despite the wide local excision group being composed of @entity5 (5.1 vs. 7.5 cm, P = 0.069). There was no difference in the incidence of distant @entity3 between the two groups with different operation types. The @entity3 rates of the wide local excision and radical resection groups were 27 and 38 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: A younger age (<50 years) and a high histologic grade of @entity5 were the two most significant poor prognostic factors for @entity1822 . Radical resection may be superior to wide local excision in the prevention of local recurrence but not distant @entity3 .

title: Surgical outcome after curative resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Anal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'smaller tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma', 'rectal leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['rectal leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: Acidic proteins found in mineralized tissues act as nature's crystal engineers, where they play a key role in promoting or inhibiting the growth of minerals such as @entity692 (HAP), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, the main mineral component of bone and teeth. Key to understanding the structural basis of protein-crystal recognition and protein control of hard tissue growth is the nature of interactions between the protein side chains and the crystal surface. In an earlier work we have measured the proximity of the @entity376 (K6) side chain in an SN-15 peptide fragment of the salivary protein @entity18462 adsorbed to the @entity3151 -rich surface of HAP using solid-state NMR recoupling experiments. 15N{31P} rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) NMR data on the side-chain @entity1568 in K6 gave rise to three different models of protein-surface interaction to explain the experimental data acquired. In this work we extend the analysis of the REDOR data by examining the contribution of interactions between surface @entity3151 atoms to the observed 15N REDOR decay. We performed 31P-31P recoupling experiments in HAP and (NH4)2HPO4 ( @entity46922 ) to explore the nature of dipolar coupled 31P spin networks. These studies indicate that extensive networks of dipolar coupled 31P spins can be represented as stronger effective dipolar couplings, the existence of which must be included in the analysis of REDOR data. We carried out 15N{31P} REDOR in the case of @entity46922 to determine how the size of the dephasing spin network influences the interpretation of the REDOR data. Although use of an extended 31P coupled spin network simulates the REDOR data well, a simplified 31P dephasing system composed of two spins with a larger dipolar coupling also simulates the REDOR data and only perturbs the heteronuclear couplings very slightly. The 31P-31P dipolar couplings between @entity3151 nuclei in HAP can be replaced by an effective dipolar interaction of 600 Hz between two 31P spins. We incorporated this coupling and applied the above approach to reanalyze the 15N{31P} REDOR of the @entity376 side chain approaching the HAP surface and have refined the binding models proposed earlier. We obtain 15N-31P distances between 3.3 and 5 A from these models that are indicative of the possibility of a lysine-phosphate hydrogen bond.

title: Homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR studies of a XXXX fragment bound to @entity692 crystals.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphorus', 'phosphorus']

answer: @entity18462 :: (6779,Gene) :: ['statherin']


abstract: We evaluated the association between salt-sensitive @entity101 and 3 different genetic polymorphisms of the @entity916 -angiotensin system. Fifty @entity1 with essential @entity101 were classified as salt sensitive or salt resistant, depending on the presence or absence of a significant increase (P<0.05) in 24-hour ambulatory mean blood pressure (BP) after high salt intake. The insertion/deletion (I/D) @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) gene, the @entity7742 @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) gene, and the @entity7744 @entity7743 gene polymorphisms were determined with the use of standard polymerase chain reaction methods. Twenty-four (48%) @entity1 with significantly increased (P<0.05) 24-hour mean BP with high salt intake (from 107.3+/-9.4 to 114.8+/-10.6 mm Hg) were classified as salt sensitive. In the remaining 26 @entity1 (52%), high salt intake did not significantly modify 24-hour mean BP (from 107.6+/-10 to 107. 8+/-9 mm Hg), and they were classified as having salt-resistant @entity101 . We did not find any significant association between either @entity7742 @entity2178 or @entity7744 AT1 receptor genotypes and the BP response to high salt intake. However, @entity1 with essential @entity101 homozygous for the insertion allele of the @entity1289 gene (II) had a significantly higher BP increase with high salt intake (9. 8+/-8.1 mm Hg for systolic BP and 5.2+/-4.2 mm Hg for diastolic BP) than that observed in @entity1 homozygous for the deletion allele (DD) (1.2+/-5.9 mm Hg for systolic BP; P=0.0118 and -0.2+/-4.2 mm Hg for diastolic BP; P=0.0274). Heterozygous @entity1 (ID) exhibited an intermediate response. The prevalence of salt-sensitive @entity101 also was significantly higher (P=0.012) in II (67%) and @entity6684 @entity1 (62%) compared with DD @entity101 (19%). We conclude that a significant association exists between the I/D polymorphism of the @entity1289 gene and salt-sensitive @entity101 . @entity1 with II and @entity6684 genotypes have significantly higher prevalence of salt sensitivity than DD @entity101 .

title: @entity916 -angiotensin system genetic polymorphisms and salt sensitivity in essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['AGT', 'angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The recommended @entity3524 dose of 50 mg/kg every six to eight hours for @entity4806 @entity1 with a body weight greater than 20 kg exceeds the standard 1-gram dose recommended for adult @entity1 . This study estimated whether limiting the @entity3524 dose recommended for @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity281 to a standard 1-gram dose would achieve serum concentrations and time above the MIC90 comparable to those in adults. METHODS: Serum concentration profiles were simulated from mean @entity3524 pharmacokinetic parameters that have been published for @entity1 and for adults using widely available spreadsheet software. The simulations employed an open, one-compartment, multiple-dose model and were calculated using a common commercial spreadsheet. The model was used to predict serum concentrations using dosage regimens of 1 g or 50 mg/kg administered every six or eight hours in @entity4806 @entity1 of various weights with @entity4806 pharmacokinetic parameters and 1 g every six or eight hours for adult @entity1 with adult pharmacokinetic parameters. The time that @entity3524 concentrations exceeded the MIC90 for @entity4806 pathogens was also calculated. RESULTS: The 50 mg/kg @entity4806 dosing regimens administered every 8 hours (q8h) or every 6 hours (q6h) consistently produced peak serum concentrations and area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) values higher than those in adults. Serum concentrations and AUCs generated for the 1-gram regimens for various @entity4806 weight categories were also above those predicted in adults. The time above the MIC90 for @entity4806 @entity1 was equivalent to or exceeded those of the adult simulations for all pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the concept of limiting @entity3524 dosage regimens to 1 g administered every 6 or 8 hours for mild to moderate @entity281 in @entity1 weighing more than 20 kg. This dosage regimen could lead to dose standardization procedures, which could produce reductions in drug costs associated with individualized dosage preparation.

title: Limiting XXXX @entity4806 dosing to adult standards: a pharmacokinetic simulation study.

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity3524 :: (MESH:D002439,Chemical) :: ['cefotaxime']


abstract: PURPOSE: To document the accuracy of CT and MR of the sella turcica for detecting @entity4545 -secreting @entity652 in @entity4923 . METHODS: The radiologic findings of the sella turcica prior to transsphenoidal surgery are reviewed in 141 @entity1 who had biochemical evidence of pituitary-dependent @entity4923 . Axial thin-collimation CT scans with sagittal and coronal reformations before and after contrast enhancement were obtained in 125 @entity1 . Seventy-eight @entity1 had MR examinations with a 1.5-T superconducting magnet. In 11 of the @entity1 @entity2287 -enhanced MR scans were also obtained. The preoperative interpretation of the imaging studies was correlated with the surgical findings and @entity1 follow-up. RESULTS: The sella turcica was enlarged in 43 cases (30%). In 125 @entity1 reformatted or direct coronal thin-collimation CT scans were available. Seventy-eight of the @entity1 had MR. In the 12 @entity1 with @entity4611 , the accuracy of CT (n = 10) and MR (n = 10) in respect to detection of the lesion was 100%. Of the 98 microadenomas assessed by CT, 47 (48%) were directly depicted as distinct hypodense lesions. In only 31 of 73 cases (42%), however, could CT predict the precise anatomic location and extent of the lesions. Only @entity1 in whom the @entity699 was corrected by later surgery were considered for the correlation analysis. Of the 52 microadenomas assessed by MR, 28 (53%) were directly depicted as distinct lesions of reduced signal intensity on T1-weighted images, and in only 21 of 41 cases (52%) did MR show good correlation to the surgical findings. Some degree of @entity4776 was found in 22% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although both the sensitivity and the diagnostic accuracy of imaging methods of the sella turcica have been considerably improved in comparison with previous reports, they still provide only a minor contribution to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of @entity699 .

title: The accuracy of CT and MR evaluation of the sella turcica for detection of @entity4545 -secreting XXXX in @entity4923 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity4923 :: ('MESH:D047748', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing disease']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['hypercortisolism', 'Cushing syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenomas']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['partially empty sella']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: The mechanism of drug resistance of @entity356 cells has rarely been investigated. We specifically examine the magnitude and the biologic significance of @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) expression in @entity1 @entity356 . All @entity1 had previously been treated in prospective clinical trials for advanced @entity356 in our institution. @entity1 with adequate prechemotherapy @entity356 tissues for immunohistochemical studies by a C219 monoclonal antibody were selected for the determination of the expression rate of @entity1262 . The results were designated as negative or positive by the independent interpretation of two pathologists. A subgroup of @entity1 who had been treated with @entity632 - or @entity2879 -containing regimens were selected for further correlation with drug sensitivity. Between 1990 and 1996, a total of 60 @entity1 , 38 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 with a median age of 55 years, were studied. Eight (13.3%; 95% confidence interval, 6%-25%) of them had @entity1262 expression. None of the pertinent clinicopathologic features, including the histopathologic types of the @entity5 and the extent of the diseases, correlated with the expression of @entity1262 . Among the 30 @entity1 who had received @entity632 - or @entity2879 -containing combination chemotherapy, 3 (10%; 95% confidence interval, 3%-27%) were designated positive for @entity1262 expression. None of the 3 @entity1 responded to chemotherapy, whereas 19 (70.4%) of the 27 @entity1 who had not expressed @entity1262 did respond (p=0.041 by Fisher's exact test). We conclude that the expression of @entity1262 in @entity356 is relatively low. Its expression, however, is clinically relevant and is useful in predicting the chemoresistance of @entity1 with @entity356 receiving @entity632 - or @entity2879 -containing combination chemotherapy.

title: Relatively low expression of XXXX ( @entity1262 ) and its possible clinical implication in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1262 :: ('5243', 'Gene') :: ['MDR-1', 'multidrug resistance-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['multidrug resistance-1']


abstract: As many as 45% of @entity1 with @entity308 also meet diagnostic criteria for @entity162 . Although the use of a concurrent mood-stabilizing drug has been suggested in treating @entity162 , antidepressant monotherapy has received less attention. The efficacy and safety of @entity906 were examined in 17 @entity162 II (mean+/-SD; age, 41+/-14 years) versus 31 unipolar (UP) (45+/-14 years) @entity1 with @entity308 . Minimum pretreatment Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAM-D21) score was > or = 20. After a 1-week placebo lead-in, @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive double-blind treatment with once- versus twice-daily @entity906 dosing starting at 37.5 mg daily and increasing up to 225 mg daily. @entity1 were evaluated weekly for efficacy using the HAM-D21, the Montgomery-Asberg @entity308 Rating Scale (MADRS), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale. We observed a similar overall efficacy in @entity162 and UP @entity1 by 6 weeks of treatment (p = not significant). However, we also observed a more rapid reduction of HAM-D21 (p < 0.03) and MADRS (p < 0.02) scores by week 2 of treatment in @entity162 @entity1 who completed the entire trial. No episodes of @entity906 -induced " @entity162 switch" were observed in either @entity1 group. In conclusion, our preliminary findings suggest that short-term, 6-week @entity906 treatment may be a safe and effective antidepressant monotherapy for @entity162 .

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity906 in the treatment of @entity162 major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'BP II major depression', 'BP', 'bipolar (BP) II disorder', 'BP II depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'major depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive episode']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complex @entity299 ( @entity299 ) often necessitates the use of epicardial pacing. Adequate @entity4032 ( @entity4032 ) sensing and pacing thresholds are often difficult to obtain due to suture line scarring and @entity384 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the placement of left atrial (LA) epicardial leads in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 demographics, pacing, and sensing data of atrial pacing systems implanted between January 1994 and January 1997 were collected. RESULTS: Forty-nine pacing systems were implanted: 14 LA epicardial, 19 @entity4032 epicardial, and 16 transvenous in the right atrium. Lead impedance, current, and energy were similar in the two epicardial groups throughout the study. Energy thresholds (ET) were lower in the LA than @entity4032 at 6 months, and 1 and 2 years (p < 0.05). Analysis of post-Fontan @entity1 performed alone revealed a lower ET in the LA as compared with the @entity4032 . Pacing and sensing parameters from transvenous leads are presented for relative comparison. CONCLUSIONS: Transvenous leads are most efficient but often contraindicated in complex @entity299 . LA leads offer lower energy thresholds than @entity4032 leads with similar sensing parameters.

title: Comparison of left and right atrial epicardial pacing in XXXX with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['RA', 'right atrial']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['RA dilatation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: NOD-like receptors (NLRs) sense sterile and non-sterile signals and form inflammasomes which trigger an inflammatory response through the activation of @entity7268 of @entity3426 . Recently we have shown the presence of several NLRs in the bladder urothelia and demonstrated the importance of @entity7267 in @entity1876 and @entity786 -induced @entity2335 , both models of @entity32 . In this study we explore a role for @entity7267 in mediating the response to @entity558 , a key antigen of uropathogenic bacteria. METHOD: In order to bypass the protective glycosaminoglycan layer lining the urothelium, @entity558 was directly injected into the bladder wall of @entity35 . @entity5217 (a @entity7267 inhibitor) or vehicle was administered orally prior to and after injection. @entity35 were analyzed 24 h later. Inflammasome activity ( @entity7268 activity, @entity3426 release) and @entity32 (Evan's Blue extravasation, bladder weight) were assessed, as was physiological bladder function (urodynamics). RESULTS: Injection of @entity558 stimulated inflammasome activation ( @entity7268 activity) and the release of @entity3426 into the urine which was prevented by @entity5217 . Likewise, @entity558 increased @entity32 , (bladder weight and the extravasation of Evan's blue dye), and this was reversed by @entity5217 . Functionally, animals injected with saline alone demonstrated decreased voiding volume as measured by urodynamics. In the presence of @entity558 , additional urinary dysfunction was evident with @entity551 and threshold pressures. The decrease in voiding pressure was blocked by @entity5217 but the decrease in threshold pressure was not, suggesting that @entity558 has significant effects mediated by inflammasome-dependent and -independent mechanisms. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results demonstrate the potential importance of inflammasomes in bacterial @entity2335 as well as the ability of the bladder wall injection technique to isolate the in vivo effects of specific inflammasome ligands to the physiological changes associated with @entity2335 .

title: The @entity7267 ( @entity7267 ) Inflammasome Mediates Inflammation and Voiding Dysfunction in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced @entity35 Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'sterile inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glyburide', 'Glyburide']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased voiding pressures']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['Cystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown a slight discrepancy between ionic dialysance (D) and dialyser @entity1133 clearance (UK), even in the absence of access recirculation. As it has been suggested that this discrepancy could be due to the cardiopulmonary recirculation, we studied the relationship between these two parameters in a particular dialysis setting without cardiopulmonary recirculation. METHODS: Paired measurement of @entity1133 clearance and ionic dialysance were performed in five @entity1 without arterio-venous access who were dialysed via an internal jugular vein twin catheter. Fifty paired measurements were used for statistical analysis. Vascular access recirculation was assessed by an ultrasound dilution technique. The measured value of ionic dialysance was corrected (D(0)) for the effect of vascular access recirculation and was compared with instant @entity1133 clearance calculated from the dialysate side. RESULTS: The difference between the paired measurements of D(0) and UK (n=50) was equal to 0.6+/-16.9 ml/min (NS). With a statistical power of 90% and taking into account this standard deviation, this study might have shown a difference of at least 10.9 ml/min. The correlation was highly significant (P<0.0001). The discrepancy of the two parameters varied with dialysis efficiency, with a decreasing D(0):UK ratio for the higher dialysis efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with our previous results obtained in @entity1 dialysed on arterio-venous access and performed with similar methods, the relationship between D(0) and UK is modified. This difference between D(0) and UK gets lower in @entity1 dialysed on central catheters and this variance is in accordance with that expected when the influence of the cardiopulmonary recirculation on the measurement of ionic dialysance is taken into account. The limits of agreement (+/-2 SD) between D(0) and UK (+/-34 ml/min, Bland-Altman analysis) were higher than expected and raised questions about the accuracy of the measurement of each parameter via a central venous catheter.

title: Ionic dialysance vs XXXX clearance in the absence of cardiopulmonary recirculation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1133 :: (MESH:D014508,Chemical) :: ['urea']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In some series of @entity1 with @entity697 ( @entity455 ) it has been seen that, prior to the episode of @entity455 , the @entity1 already had a poorer quality of life than other @entity1 of their age. The object of this study is to evaluate their previous life style and quality of life as @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) in acute @entity455 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control study was done of a total of 151 @entity1 admitted to two hospitals with acute @entity455 and 151 @entity1 , who were not hospitalized and acted as the control group, paired (one to one) for age, sex and hospital. In both groups data were collected regarding basic general health, previous quality of life (Nottingham Health Profile-NHP-, life style and self-perception of social support. The relative risks were estimated by calculating the odds ratios and conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Regular moderate physical exercise acts as a protective factor with an OR of 0.32 (IC 95%: 0.14-0.76). Consumption of @entity286 and @entity167 increased the risk of @entity455 but did not reach statistical significance. No relationship was found between perceived social support and risk of @entity455 . Physical mobility, evaluated using the NHP showed a statistically significant negative association with acute @entity455 (OR: 0.32; IC 95%: 0.14-0.71). CONCLUSIONS: Our results seem to suggest that the previous overall quality of life cannot be considered a @entity4059 in acute @entity455 , except for physical mobility as evaluated on the NHP. Reduction of this constitutes a @entity4059 and moderate physical exercise behaves as a protective factor.

title: [Quality and life style as XXXX in @entity697 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'risk factors']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity4059 :: (MESH:D007020,Disease) :: ['risk factors']


abstract: Muhanse M4 is a traditional herbal preparation that has been in use in Tanzania for the past 17 years to improve the quality of life among @entity1 living with @entity645 / @entity791 . This study was carried out to determine the safety of the extract Muhanse M4 in animal models. The qualitative test to identify alkaloids and @entity3857 compounds was carried out. The @entity137 tests in Swiss albino @entity19 and @entity35 were done according to WHO guidelines of 1993. Muhanse M4 was dissolved homogeneously in distilled water and was administered both intraperitonially and orally for 14 days for sub-acute test and 24 hours for acute test. Qualitatively, the extract was found to contain no alkaloids or @entity3857 . In @entity35 intraperitoneal doses that caused 100% lethality were 758.55 mg/kg and 553.7415mg/kg when administered singly and repeated, respectively. Single oral dose up to 3034.200mg/kg did not cause any @entity204 in the tested @entity19 or @entity35 . NOEL during intraperitoneal repeated doses for liver in @entity35 was 424.788mg/kg, and NOAEL was 455.130mg/kg. In @entity35 LD10%, LD50% and LD100% were 485.472mg/kg, 526.4337mg/kg and 553.7415mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, Muhanse M4 extract is considered to be safe in laboratory animals.

title: The determination of safety of Muhanse M4, a traditional herbal preparation used to treat XXXX / @entity791 -related conditions and diseases in Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponins']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a submaximal test, on the Concept II rowing ergometer, to estimate the maximum @entity26 uptake (VO2 max) of male rowers and non-rowers. Eleven rowers and 14 non-rowers completed a submaximal and a maximal rowing test. The submaximal test consisted of exercising for 6 min at five different incremental speeds with at least 6 min recovery between each speed. Speed, heart rate and @entity26 uptake were monitored during the last minute of each increment. In the maximal test, the subjects were asked to row for 6 min at a speed calculated to elicit 105 degrees, of their predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax). The HRmax was predicted from 220 beats @entity1009 -age. Actual HRmax was recorded and the highest value of @entity26 uptake measured was regarded as the subject's VO2 max. An analysis of covariance revealed that the data collected for rowers and non-rowers had to be considered separately. The greatest differences were seen for the submaximal speed-VO2 relationship, which showed that the rowers were more efficient on the ergometer than the non-rowers. Measured HRmax was found to average 9 beats @entity1009 below the predicted HRmax. The measured VO2 max values for the whole group averaged 4.16 +/- 0.64 1 @entity1009 (mean +/- S.D.). A nomogram was developed to predict VO2 max. At an exercise intensity of 80-90% HRmax, the average estimated VO2 max, using predicted HRmax calculated from 220 beats @entity1009 -age, was 4.34 +/- 0.7 1 @entity1009 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Estimation of maximum XXXX uptake from submaximal exercise on a Concept II rowing ergometer.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: A successful repair of total right @entity1700 and intact @entity955 associated with patent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is reported. A 31-year-old @entity1 was admitted for evaluation of @entity712 . A heart murmur had been detected since her childhood without any subjective symptoms. She was diagnosed as partial anomalous venous return of all right pulmonary vein and intact @entity955 (IAS) associated with PLSVC by cardiac catheterization. Operative findings revealed that all right pulmonary vein connected to @entity13678 ( @entity13678 ) and superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ), PLSVC drained into coronary sinous (CS), therefore @entity13678 , right ventricle and CS were enlarged, but @entity6480 was small due to PLSVC. Through large incision from @entity13678 to @entity6480 , @entity955 was opened 30 mm in diameter. Internal conduit using pericardial patch was made in order to drain @entity1503 into left atrium through the ASD. Finally, @entity6480 and @entity13678 were reconstructed by pericardial patch for prevention of conduit obstruction. One month after operation, no stenosis of @entity6480 and right pulmonary vein was evidenced by cardiac catheterization and all through the postoperative course, @entity943 did not detected. She was discharged with uneventful postoperative course.

title: [A successful surgical repair for all right @entity1700 and intact XXXX associated with patent left superior vena cava].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous return']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['right atrium', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous blood']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septum']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial septum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ) and some cardiovascular risk factors and to analyse the effect of GH replacement therapy in a large number of @entity1 over a prolonged period of time. DESIGN: Data for analysis were retrieved from KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database). Serum concentrations of total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 and @entity1674 were obtained from 2589 @entity1 at baseline and from 1206 @entity1 after 1 and 2 years of GH replacement therapy. Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip, resting blood pressure and body composition were also measured. RESULTS: At baseline, the unfavourable effects of @entity2338 were most obvious in the lipid profile demonstrating elevated mean total and LDL- @entity165 , in the increased waist circumference and the elevated BMI. The @entity165 concentration, BMI and body composition were significantly adversely affected by a number of factors, including age, sex and the use of anti- @entity302 drugs. The therapeutic effect of GH was essentially uniform across the whole population. GH replacement reduced significantly the mean total and LDL- @entity165 , the waist circumference and the fat mass and was maintained during 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis of a large number of @entity1 confirmed that @entity2338 adults present with an increased cardiovascular risk. The sustained improvement of the adverse lipid profile and body composition suggests that GH replacement therapy may reduce the risk of @entity65 and the premature mortality seen in hypopituitary @entity1 with untreated @entity2338 .

title: Determinants of cardiovascular risk in 2589 XXXX adults - a KIMS database analysis.

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency', 'GHD']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2338 :: (MESH:D004393,Disease) :: ['hypopituitary GH-deficient']


abstract: Penetrating injuries of the abdomen which occur primarily from gunshots and stabbing become increasingly prevalent in @entity1 . Our purpose is to assess the presentation, management and outcome of @entity1 with penetrating @entity3511 (PAFI) and to evaluate the value of @entity130 ( @entity130 ) for predicting @entity130 and eventual morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with PAFI. Between 1985 and 1997, 69 @entity1 < or = 15 years of age with PAFI were hospitalized at our institution. Their hospital records were reviewed retrospectively. Of the 69 @entity1 with PAFI, 53 were @entity1 and 16 were @entity1 . The mean age was 9.6. The causes of PAFI were explosives (44%), gunshot (39%) and @entity130 (17%). The most common organ injured was the small bowel followed by colon and liver respectively. @entity260 were seen in 12 @entity1 . The mean value of @entity130 was 16.8; 41 @entity1 had an @entity130 value of > or = 16. The value of @entity130 was significantly higher in @entity1 with complication than in those without complication. The @entity1 with @entity130 value > or = 16 were hospitalized significantly longer than those with < or = 15 of @entity130 . Particularly @entity130 were commonly associated with severe morbidity. @entity130 can be useful for predicting the severity of injury and the occurrence of morbidity.

title: Characteristics of penetrating @entity3511 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal firearm injuries']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['shotgun injuries', 'ISS', 'Injury Severity Score', 'injury severity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) develops in the early stages of @entity2012 . The purpose of this study was to identify @entity1002 analyzing by new echocardiograpic criteria as well as to evaluate determinants of the @entity1002 in @entity2012 . This cross-sectional study examined 42 @entity1 with @entity2012 ; 16 in @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and 26 cured/ well controlled (CA), and compared them with 30 healthy controls (CG). Ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were studied by conventional and tissue Doppler imaging based on the E/Em ratio and myocardial performance index (MPI). Other clinical parameters possibly contributing to @entity1002 in @entity2012 were also investigated. The prevalence of @entity1184 (33%) and @entity1002 (35.7%) were increased in @entity2012 , however, there were no differences between the @entity66 and CA groups. Acromegalic @entity1 had higher LV volumes and LV mass, and septal E/Em ratio compared to CG, whereas LV ejection fraction and MPI were not different. The presence of @entity2012 (r = 0.29, P = 0.013), @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (r = 0.41, P < 0.001), @entity101 (r = 0.35, P = 0.002), and sleep @entity386 (r = 0.56, P = 0.003) were found to be correlated with @entity1002 , whereas duration and activity of @entity2012 were not. In regression analysis, advanced age (OR: 8.53, P = 0.006) and @entity6 (OR: 25.9, P = 0.007) were found to be independent risk factors for @entity1002 . The risk of @entity1002 according to new criteria increases in @entity2012 . However, it seems to be related to the presence of @entity6 and advanced age and is independent of disease duration and activity.

title: Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function according to new criteria and determinants in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active disease', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction', 'LVDD']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: 1. The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the generation of the @entity551 ( @entity551 ) observed after @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ) in @entity35 was evaluated. 2. @entity2333 was performed in normotensive (N = 8), renal @entity101 (2K-1C, N = 8) and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR, N = 8) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) recordings were performed 24 h after @entity2333 . 3. MAP was recorded by a computerized technique using a sampling frequency of 30 Hz for 30 min and the data obtained were used to calculate @entity551 . After MAP measurements the activity of the RAS and SNS was pharmacologically evaluated in all groups by the changes in MAP in response to iv injection of @entity3371 and @entity4033 , respectively. 4. @entity2333 produced an increase in MAP (118 +/- 4 vs 99 +/- 2 mmHg) and a large increase in @entity551 (13.4 +/- 1.3 vs 3.8 +/- 0.3 mmHg) in normotensive @entity35 . @entity2333 produced no changes in MAP (161 +/- 7 vs 167 +/- 7 mmHg) in 2K-1C @entity101 @entity35 but induced a large increase in @entity551 (6.7 +/- 0.5 vs 12 +/- 1 mmHg). @entity2333 also produced no changes in MAP (152 +/- 3 vs 152 +/- 4 mmHg) in SHR but induced a marked increase in @entity551 (6.7 +/- 0.3 vs 21 +/- 2.3 mmHg). 5. All @entity2333 @entity35 presented a larger fall in MAP in response to @entity3371 and @entity4033 than the respective control group with intact baroreceptors suggesting an overactivity of both systems after @entity2333 in normotensive, renal @entity101 and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . 6. The data also show that @entity2333 produced no additional increase in MAP but promoted a significant increase in @entity551 in renal and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . 7. We suggest that @entity551 observed after @entity2333 in different experimental models is dependent on an interaction of RAS and SNS, both of which seem to be overactive after removal of arterial baroreceptors.

title: Neural and humoral mechanisms involved in the generation of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium chloride', 'hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['SAD', 'sino-aortic deafferentation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['APL', 'arterial pressure lability']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['arterial pressure lability']


abstract: @entity286 smoking has been classified as a cause of @entity5 , but the effect of different patterns of smoking on risk is unclear. The International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of @entity5 has brought together and combined individual data on 13,541 @entity1 with and 23,017 @entity1 without @entity2622 , from 23 epidemiological studies. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of @entity189 in relation to @entity286 smoking were calculated with stratification by study, age, sexual partners, age at first intercourse, oral contraceptive use and parity. Current smokers had a significantly increased risk of @entity957 compared to never smokers (RR = 1.60 (95% CI: 1.48-1.73), p<0.001). There was increased risk for past smokers also, though to a lesser extent (RR = 1.12 (1.01-1.25)), and there was no clear trend with time since stopping smoking (p-trend = 0.6). There was no association between smoking and @entity420 (RR = 0.89 (0.74-1.06) and 0.89 (0.72-1.10) for current and past smokers respectively), and the differences between the RRs for smoking and squamous cell and @entity420 were statistically significant (current smoking p<0.001 and past smoking p = 0.01). In current smokers, the RR of @entity957 increased with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day and also with younger age at starting smoking (p<0.001 for each trend), but not with duration of smoking (p-trend = 0.3). Eight of the studies had tested @entity1 for cervical HPV-DNA, and in analyses restricted to @entity1 who tested positive, there was a significantly increased risk in current compared to never smokers for @entity957 (RR = 1.95 (1.43-2.65)), but not for @entity420 (RR = 1.06 (0.14-7.96)). In summary, smokers are at an increased risk of squamous cell but not of @entity420 . The risk of @entity957 increases in current smokers with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and with younger age at starting smoking.

title: @entity189 and @entity286 smoking: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 13,541 @entity1 with @entity189 and 23,017 XXXX without @entity189 from 23 epidemiological studies.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'Cervical Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cervix', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity6 foot ulceration remains one of the most common and most serious consequences of @entity6 . Persistently high levels of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) contribute to wound chronicity. Our aim was to assess the concentrations of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in @entity1109 and @entity4760 by analyzing biopsy samples. In this study, biopsies were taken from 35 @entity6 @entity1 and distinguished in @entity1109 (n = 14) or @entity63 (n = 21). Zymography assay was utilized for the analysis of @entity1476 and @entity1495 activity. @entity3375 activity was evaluated by a specific fluorimetric assay. mRNA levels of MMPs as well as TIMPs were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The activity of @entity1495 and A Disintegrin and A MetalloProtease Domain 17/ @entity3375 ( @entity3375 / @entity3375 ) was significantly increased in @entity63 compared to @entity1109 biopsies. No differences were detected between both groups for the mRNA levels of MMPs as well as of ADAMs. However, @entity8111 mRNA expression was decreased in @entity63 samples. The combination of increased activity of @entity1495 and @entity3375 / @entity3375 with decreased concentrations of @entity8111 mRNA expression in @entity4760 compared to @entity1109 samples suggests that the increased proteolytic environment may represent a causative factor in the @entity1066 progression. New treatment strategies for healing @entity4760 could be directed toward increasing levels of @entity8111 .

title: Expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 3 is reduced in @entity63 but not @entity1066 from XXXX with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3375 :: ('6868', 'Gene') :: ['ADAM17', 'TNF-Alpha Converting Enzyme', 'TACE']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic foot ulcers of type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic diabetic foot ulcers', 'diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical and histological features, response to corticosteroid therapy and long-term outcome of @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) with features of @entity775 ( @entity775 ). METHODS: Among 280 @entity2835 @entity1 under @entity10055 administration, we identified 28 @entity1 with @entity775 features fulfilling the following criteria: sustained high levels of serum aminotransferases and high immunoglobulin G levels with positivity for antinuclear antibodies or anti-smooth muscle antibodies ( @entity1970 ) and/or histological features of moderate to severe interface @entity99 or moderate to @entity99 . We analyzed @entity2835 @entity1 with @entity775 features, focusing mainly on therapeutic responses to @entity288 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2835 with @entity775 features included 26 @entity1 (93%). Their median age was 55 years, and the median follow-up period was 7.5 years. Eight of these 28 @entity1 were not actually treated with @entity288 due to medical conditions. Among the 20 @entity1 receiving corticosteroid therapy, 15 were responders and five were non-responders. A high @entity623 ( @entity623 ) level, negativity for @entity1970 and positivity for @entity12439 were identified as risk factors for lack of a response to corticosteroid therapy. Among 28 @entity2835 @entity1 with @entity775 features, the responders to @entity288 had an excellent prognosis, while those who could not be treated with @entity288 and non-responders to @entity288 had a poor outcome. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity2835 with @entity775 features benefit from corticosteroid therapy. Features of @entity2835 such as high @entity623 level, negativity for @entity1970 and positivity for @entity12439 appear to predict a poor response to @entity288 .

title: Clinical profile of @entity2835 with features of XXXX : Importance of corticosteroid therapy.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis', 'severe lobular hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: The caudal division of the trigeminal spinal nucleus (Sp5C) is an important brainstem relay station of orofacial pain transmission. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of cortical electrical stimulation on nociceptive responses in Sp5C neurons. Extracellular recordings were performed in the Sp5C nucleus by @entity5335 microelectrodes in @entity4774 -anesthetized @entity35 . Nociceptive stimulation was produced by application of @entity2951 cream on the whisker pad or by constriction of the infraorbital nerve. @entity2951 application evoked a long-lasting increase in the spontaneous firing rate from 1.4  0.2 to 3.4  0.6 spikes/s. Non-noxious tactile responses from stimuli delivered to the receptive field (RF) center decreased 5 min. after @entity2951 application (from 2.3  0.1 to 1.6  0.1 spikes/stimulus) while responses from the whisker located at the RF periphery increased (from 1.3  0.2 to 2.0  0.1 spikes/stimulus under @entity2951 ). Electrical train stimulation of the primary (S1) or secondary (S2) somatosensory cortical areas reduced the increase in the firing rate evoked by @entity2951 . Also, S1, but not S2, cortical stimulation reduced the increase in non-noxious tactile responses from the RF periphery. Inhibitory cortical effects were mediated by the activation of GABAergic and glycinergic neurons because they were blocked by @entity1027 or @entity1026 . The S1 and S2 cortical stimulation also inhibited Sp5C neurons in animals with constriction of the infraorbital nerve. Consequently, the corticofugal projection from S1 and S2 cortical areas modulates nociceptive responses of Sp5C neurons and may control the transmission of nociceptive sensory stimulus.

title: Inhibitory control of nociceptive responses of trigeminal spinal nucleus cells by somatosensory corticofugal projection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1026 :: ('MESH:D013331', 'Chemical') :: ['strychnine']

entities_list: @entity5335 :: ('MESH:D014414', 'Chemical') :: ['tungsten']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endothelin is increased in plasma following @entity583 . Whether brief periods of @entity296 not leading to @entity583 increase plasma endothelin is not known. Thus, the present study was designed to examine cardiac endothelin balance in association with a 10 min @entity1563 followed by reperfusion. METHODS: Venous blood was selectively sampled from the transiently ischaemic myocardium using a shunt between the anterior interventricular vein and the right atrium in eight @entity4485 anaesthetised @entity1707 . Flow in the shunt was measured with a Doppler flow probe. Arterial blood was drawn from the aortic arch. Plasma endothelin was measured using an @entity18512 -21 specific [125I] assay system. This assay system has no cross reactivity with big endothlin. RESULTS: A net cardiac endothelin uptake of 0.7(0.3-1.4) fmol.min-1 x g-1 (median, 95% confidence interval) in the control period shifted to a net release during the first 10 min of reperfusion. The release reached a maximum of 2.8(0.4-6.0) fmol.min-1 x g-1 after 1.5 min of reperfusion. Cardiac venous endothelin concentration increased from 3.4(2.5-4.8) to 4.4(3.6-6.9) and 4.4(3.6-6.6) fmol.ml-1 at 1.5 and 5 min of reperfusion, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). Arterial endothelin concentration decreased from 4.8(3.9-6.1) to 2.7(2.4-4.3) fmol.ml-1 at 10 min of reperfusion (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Endothelin is released from the heart for several minutes during reperfusion following a brief @entity1563 .

title: Release of endothelin from the porcine heart after short term XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary artery occlusion']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate a new type of @entity692 (HA) implant (produced in China) in a @entity95 model. METHODS: Three New Zealand white @entity95 underwent enucleation of one eye followed by implantation of a 12-mm Chinese HA implant wrapped in Vicryl mesh (polyglactin 910). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess host fibrovascularization of the implant 4, 8, and 12 weeks after implantation. One animal was sacrificed at each of these times for histopathologic examination. The Chinese implant was also examined chemically and by scanning electron microscopy. It was compared to the original BioEye and the third generation synthetic HA implant produced in France by FCI (FCI3). RESULTS: This new variety of HA implant from China is heavier than the FCI3 implant but lighter than the original BioEye. The Chinese implant was easy to work with and not fragile. The pore size was more uniform than the FCI3 implant and similar to the BioEye implant clinically and by scanning electron microscopy. The pores in this implant are unidirectional. Analysis for impurities revealed a @entity49386 ( @entity25053 ) content of 4.4%. Histopathologically, central vascularization occurred by 4 weeks and was similar in extent to the vascularization seen with the FCI3 implant and the BioEye. CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese implant is less expensive then the BioEye and the FCI3 implants, and appears to be a viable alternative to the BioEye. Further refinements are in progress to eliminate the @entity25053 contaminant.

title: A new variety of XXXX : the Chinese implant.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity49386 :: ('MESH:C016538', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxide']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The invasion associated marker (iam) has been detected in the majority of invasive @entity5363 retrieved from @entity1 . Furthermore, the detection of iam in @entity5363 isolated from two important hosts, @entity1 and @entity1573 , suggested a role for this marker in @entity5363 's colonization of multiple hosts. However, no data exist regarding the occurrence of this marker in @entity5363 isolated from non-poultry food-animals such as @entity291 , an increasingly important source for @entity1 @entity281 . Since little is known about the genetics associated with @entity5363 's capability for colonizing physiologically disparate hosts, we investigated the occurrence of the iam in @entity5363 isolated from @entity291 and assessed the potential of iam-containing @entity291 and @entity1 isolates for @entity1573 colonization and @entity1 cell invasion. RESULTS: Simultaneous RAPD typing and iam-specific PCR analysis of 129 @entity5363 isolated from 1171 @entity291 fecal samples showed that 8 (6.2%) of the isolates were iam-positive, while 7 (54%) of @entity1 -associated isolates were iam-positive. The iam sequences were mostly heterogeneous and occurred in diverse genetic backgrounds. All iam-positive isolates were motile and possessed important genes (cadF, ciaB, cdtB) associated with adhesion and virulence. Although certain iam-containing isolates invaded and survived in INT-407 cells in high numbers and successfully colonized live @entity1573 , there was no clear association between the occurrence, allelic sequence, and expression levels of the iam and the aforementioned phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: We show that the prevalence of iam in @entity291 @entity5363 is relatively lower as compared to isolates occurring in @entity1 and @entity1573 . In addition, iam was polymorphic and certain alleles occur in @entity291 isolates that were capable of colonizing and invading @entity1573 and @entity1 intestinal cells, respectively. However, the iam did not appear to contribute to the @entity291 -associated @entity5363 's potential for invasion and intracellular survival in @entity1 intestinal cells as well as @entity1573 colonization.

title: Occurrence of the invasion associated marker (iam) in @entity5363 isolated from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'C. jejuni']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: @entity43 are thought to derive from the surface epithelium of the ovary, which differentiates after invagination of the coelomic mesothelium over the gonadal ridges during early embryonic development. On the putative mullerian potential of this epithelium, @entity46 , including @entity43 , can be explained by a metaplastic process from the peritoneum. In the present study, we assessed specific changes in the architecture and in the cytological characteristics of @entity1 ovarian epithelial cells on the surface and within the inclusion cyst. Grossly normal ovaries were retrieved from 215 @entity1 undergoing incidental oophorectomy and 33 @entity1 with contralateral @entity43 . In addition, 75 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity43 and 26 @entity43 @entity1 undergoing oophorectomy were selected. The incidence of @entity3473 , @entity1185 and pseudostratification was not different in normal ovaries between pre- and post-menopausal @entity1 , whereas inclusion cysts were more frequently observed in post-menopausal @entity1 (p<0.05). The occurrence rates of invagination and inclusion cysts were significantly higher in normal ovaries examined after incidental oophorectomy (p<0.05) and in those with contralateral @entity43 (p<0.05), respectively. Although serous metaplastic change with cilia was most common and it did not differ before and after menopause, the frequency of mucinous, endometrioid and transitional cell changes was low in the two groups of pre- and post-menopausal @entity1 . Mucinous metaplasia was more frequently observed in @entity1 with contralateral @entity43 than those without @entity43 (12.1% vs. 1.9%; p<0.05). Four (5.3%) of 75 @entity43 @entity1 revealed malignant transformed cells from a single layer of normal epithelium covering the ovarian surface or inclusion cyst. @entity43 was identified in 16 (21.3%) of 75 @entity43 @entity1 analyzed. An in situ carcinogenesis in the @entity45 was seen in three @entity43 (4.0%). In seven (26.9%) of 26 @entity43 cases, epithelial cells on the ovarian surface or within the inclusion cyst were histologically changed to endometriotic gland cells. Careful and extensive observations of surgical specimens with @entity43 and @entity43 showed that they originated from the ovarian epithelium lining the surface and cortical small cysts.

title: Detailed morphology of XXXX ovarian surface epithelium focusing on its metaplastic and neoplastic capability.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometriosis', 'Ovarian or extraovarian endometriosis', 'ovarian carcinoma', 'Ovarian epithelial tumors', 'ovarian tumor', 'ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['endometriotic cyst']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['cortical invagination']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effects of atypical antipsychotic treatment on the brain @entity51 associated with @entity161 are poorly understood. We assessed the brain volumes of eleven healthy controls and 29 @entity1 with @entity161 , using magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and at follow-up after two years of treatment with @entity3326 . Two groups of @entity1 were analyzed: treatment-na  ve @entity1 (n = 17) and chronic treatment-resistant @entity1 (n = 12). Treatment-na  ve @entity1 received @entity1090 during the follow-up period, whereas chronic @entity1 received @entity1088 . @entity62 ( @entity62 ) and white matter (WM) volumes in the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes were measured. Contrary to the controls, both groups of @entity1 presented @entity62 increases and WM decreases in the parietal and occipital lobes (p < .005). Frontal @entity62 also increased in the chronic group with @entity1088 . There was a significant (p < .001) inverse relationship between the baseline volumes ( @entity62 deficit/WM excess) and the longitudinal change. These @entity62 and WM changes were not related to changes in weight. Thus, treatment with @entity1090 and @entity1088 in @entity161 may have an effect on gray and white matter volume and needs further exploration.

title: Increase in gray matter and decrease in white matter volumes in the cortex during treatment with XXXX in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['atypical neuroleptics']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['volume deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['Gray matter', 'GM']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity3326 :: (MESH:D009459,Disease) :: ['atypical neuroleptics']


abstract: In 349 subjects with @entity978 520 bone marrow biopsies were carried out: 454 did not lead to the discovery of any @entity5 (87.5%), 66 permitted us to discover a @entity5 (12.5%). Among the bone marrows without @entity978 tissue, the hematopoietic tissue was normal in 233 bone marrows (51.2%), @entity5072 in 157 bone marrows (34.7%), hypoplastic or aplastic in 64 bone marrows (14%). @entity1712 was noted in 13% of cases, marked plasmacytosis was noted in 24%. Among the cases with a @entity5 , 89.2% showed a massive lesion; 10.7% showed partial lesions. The frequency of involvement was 5.4% for clinical stages I. 6.2% for stage II. 17.1% for stage III. 47.6% for stageIV. Bone marrow involvement at the start of the disease was found in 3% of cases, even in stages I and II. The involvements were especially frequent in the histological forms, stage III (19.4%) and IV (30.4%). In splenectomised @entity1 , bone marrow involvement was 5 times more common when the spleen was also involved. 50 times more common when the liver was involved. The bone marrow which may be used to detect hematogenic spread of @entity978 is an investigation which should be carried out as a routine in the early stages of the disease and whenever a relapse is suspected.

title: [Bone-marrow biopsy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity734 among adolescents is a major public health and social problem. However, studies rarely investigate the relationships between @entity734 , educational achievement and sport factors. @entity734 is an even more significant problem in societies that have experienced @entity130 , such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, which have had recent wars. The aims of this study were to investigate @entity734 among adolescents in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to study the potential gender-specific relationships between a) sport factors (physical activity/exercise/athletic participation) and @entity734 and b) scholastic achievement and @entity734 . METHODS: Our sample consisted of 1,032 adolescents who were 17 to 18   years old (435 @entity1 and 597 @entity1 ) and who were in the final grade of high school. These subjects were randomly selected from the territory of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrospective testing was performed using an extensive self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions involving topics such as sociodemographic variables, scholastic variables, sport factors, and @entity734 data (smoking habits, drugs consumption and @entity167 consumption using the AUDIT questionnaire). Descriptive statistics, frequencies, analyses of the differences and correlational analyses were performed. RESULTS: Our results found that greater than one-third of the @entity1 and one-fourth of the @entity1 were daily smokers, and almost half of the @entity1 and one-fifth of the @entity1 practiced harmful drinking; other drugs (i.e. @entity4521 , @entity2072 , @entity889 , etc.) were rarely consumed. @entity1 dominated in sport factors, whereas @entity1 were more successful in scholastic achievement. Approximately 23% of the @entity1 and 6% of the @entity1 reported that they practiced harmful drinking and smoked simultaneously. Educational failure, which was defined as having one or more negative grades at the end of the last two school years, was identified in 20% of the @entity1 and 9% of the @entity1 . In both genders, @entity734 was negatively correlated with educational achievement, and half of those students who failed educationally reported daily smoking. Among the @entity1 who experienced education failure, 33% were smokers, and 22% practiced harmful drinking. Sport factors were weakly correlated with @entity734 in @entity1 ; thus, we could not support the hypothesis that sports are a protective factor against @entity734 among male adolescents. In @entity1 , participation in team sports was related with a higher incidence of smoking, but there was no evidence of sport factors having an influence on the consumption of @entity167 . CONCLUSION: In this study, the incidence of smoking and the consumption of @entity167 were alarmingly high. These findings demonstrate the need for intervention programs to address these issues. These problems are particularly important, considering that @entity734 has a negative impact on educational achievement among @entity1 and @entity1 , and sport factors have not been found to be protective factors against @entity734 .

title: XXXX prevalence and its relation to scholastic achievement and sport factors: an analysis among adolescents of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Substance abuse', 'substance abuse']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['Substance abuse']


abstract: PROBLEM: The Implantation of intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) offers the possibility of reversible, refractive surgery for correction of lower @entity1714 up to -5.0 D. We report our first results 1 year after implantation of ICR segments. @entity1 AND METHODS: From April 1997 to August 1998 we implanted ICRS in 48 eyes of 31 @entity1 (12 male, 19 female) to correct @entity1714 . The preoperative refraction (spherical equivalent) was between -1.0 and -5.0 D ( @entity940 < 1.0 D). The average age was 34.0 years (range 19-48 years). ICRS implantation was performed in peribulbar anaesthesia. All operations were done by the same surgeon. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 10 months (ranges 1-12 months). After 6 months the deviation from the target refraction of all eyes was < 1.5 D; 26 of 27 eyes (96.3%) showed a deviation of < or = 1.0 D. Six months after surgery, 18 of 27 eyes (66.6%) showed an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better, 23 of 26 eyes (88.4%) showed 20/25 or better, and 25 of 26 eyes (96.2) 20/40 and better. Only 1 of 16 eyes showed an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/50. In all eyes, the best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better. In 2 eyes an ICRS exchange and implantation of a thicker ring was necessary because the target refraction could not be achieved with the first implanted ring. In 2 eyes an ICRS reposition was done to optimize the location of the ring within the @entity267 . In 4 eyes we explanted the ring due to double vision (1 x) and distorted vision (3 x) caused by induced @entity940 . After explantation the preoperative refraction (+/- 0.15 D) was reached within 1 to 1.5 months. There was no regression after 6 months (n = 27) or after 1 year (n = 7). CONCLUSION: Our 1-year results of ICRS implantation show that @entity1714 correction with the advantage of reversibility and lower complication rate is possible by this refractive surgical method. Ring exchange and explantation are possible. @entity86 like @entity3917 , unstable visual acuity or discomfort usually disappear rapidly. The decision of 95.0% of the @entity1 to have ICRS implantation also into the second eye shows the high degree of satisfaction.

title: [Correction of XXXX with the intracorneal ring].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Earlier postoperative complaints']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: In order to evaluate the long term clinical and morphologic results of recapture of a displaced @entity1348 disk, we recalled for follow-up MR imaging 75 @entity1 who had been treated by attempted disk recapture based on pre-treatment MR imaging 1-6 years earlier. The treatment included a day appliance with inclines to guide the mandible into the therapeutic position and a telescopic night appliance which prevented retrusion of the mandible during sleep. Appliance treatment was followed by rebuilding or resurfacing the posterior teeth of one arch to permanently support the mandible in the therapeutic position. After treatment of 115 joints with displaced disks, 52% of the disks were normally positioned, 23% were improved in position, and 25% showed persistent disk displacement. Symptom relief was 92% in @entity1 with normalized (recaptured) disks, 84% in @entity1 with improved disk position, and 49% in @entity1 with persistent disk displacement. Failure to improve disk position occurred in 7% of the joints with anterior disk displacement and in 44% of the joints with a transverse (sideways) component to the displacement. Forty-five percent of the recaptured-disks improved in contour. We concluded that anterior mandibular repositioning was effective in the treatment of @entity1 with reducing displaced disks primarily when the disks were displaced only in an anterior direction. This treatment can be recommended in anterior disk displacements if the @entity1 has failed more conservative treatment measures, permanent occlusal reconstruction can be justified, and the @entity1 understands that long-term use of a night appliance may be necessary. Anterior mandibular repositioning appears much less effective in cases with a transverse component to the disk displacement.

title: Mandibular repositioning can be effective in treatment of reducing XXXX disk displacement. A long-term clinical and MR imaging follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['TMJ']


abstract: Monitoring plasmid production systems is a lab intensive task. This article proposes a methodology based on FTIR spectroscopy and the use of chemometrics for the high-throughput analysis of the plasmid bioproduction process in @entity526 . For this study, five batch cultures with different initial medium compositions are designed to represent different biomass and plasmid production behavior, with the maximum plasmid and biomass concentrations varying from 11 to 95 mg L(-1) and 6.8 to 12.8 g L(-1), respectively, and the plasmid production per biomass varying from 0.4 to 5.1 mg g(-1). After a short sample processing consisting of centrifugation and dehydration, the FTIR spectra are recorded from the collected cellular biomass using microtiter plates with 96 wells. After spectral pre-processing, the predictive FTIR spectra models are derived by using @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) regression with the wavenumber selection performed by a Monte-Carlo strategy. Results show that it is possible to improve the @entity1625 models by selecting specific spectral ranges. For the plasmid model, the spectral regions between 590-1,130, 1,670-2,025, and 2,565-3,280 cm(-1) are found to be highly relevant. Whereas for the biomass, the best wavenumber selections are between 900-1,200, 1,500-1,800, and 2,850-3,200 cm(-1). The optimized @entity1625 models show a high coefficient of determination of 0.91 and 0.89 for the plasmid and biomass concentration, respectively. @entity1625 models for the prediction of the @entity505 sources @entity413 and @entity653 and the by-product @entity1543 , based on metabolism-induced correlations between the nutrients and the cellular biomass are also established.

title: High-throughput analysis of the plasmid bioproduction process in XXXX by FTIR spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['Additional PLS', 'partial least squares', 'PLS']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Pygmy @entity95 (Brachylagus idahoensis) are one of only three vertebrates that subsist virtually exclusively on sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), which contains high levels of @entity199 that can be toxic. We examined the mechanisms used by specialist pygmy @entity95 to eliminate @entity12263 , a @entity20188 of sagebrush, and compared them with those of cottontail @entity95 (Sylvilagus nuttalli), a generalist herbivore. @entity95 were offered food pellets with increasing concentrations of @entity12263 , and we measured @entity2798 and excretion of @entity12263 metabolites in feces and urine. We expected pygmy @entity95 to consume more, but excrete @entity12263 more rapidly by using less-energetically expensive methods of detoxification than cottontails. Pygmy @entity95 consumed 3-5 times more @entity12263 than cottontails relative to their metabolic body mass, and excreted up to 2 times more @entity12263 metabolites in their urine than did cottontails. Urinary metabolites excreted by pygmy @entity95 were 20 % more highly-oxidized and 6 times less-conjugated than those of cottontails. Twenty percent of all @entity12263 metabolites recovered from pygmy @entity95 were in feces, whereas cottontails did not excrete fecal metabolites. When compared to other mammals that consume @entity12263 , pygmy @entity95 voluntarily consumed more, and excreted more @entity12263 metabolites in feces, but they excreted less oxidized and more conjugated @entity12263 metabolites in urine. Pygmy @entity95 seem to have a greater capacity to minimize systemic exposure to @entity12263 than do cottontails, and other @entity12263 -consumers, by minimizing absorption and maximizing detoxification of ingested @entity12263 . However, mechanisms that lower systemic exposure to @entity12263 may come with a higher energetic cost in pygmy @entity95 than in other @entity1 herbivores.

title: Mechanisms for eliminating @entity199 of sagebrush by specialist and generalist XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity20188 :: ('CHEBI:35187', 'Chemical') :: ['monoterpene']

entities_list: @entity199 :: ('MESH:D039821', 'Chemical') :: ['monoterpenes']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary intake']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous @entity413 monitors (CGMs) collect detailed blood @entity413 (BG) time series, which carry significant information about the dynamics of BG fluctuations. In contrast, the methods for analysis of CGM data remain those developed for infrequent BG self-monitoring. As a result, important information about the temporal structure of the data is lost during the translation of raw sensor readings into clinically interpretable statistics and images. METHODS: The following mathematical methods are introduced into the field of CGM data interpretation: (1) analysis of BG rate of change; (2) risk analysis using previously reported Low/High BG Indices and Poincare (lag) plot of risk associated with temporal BG variability; and (3) spatial aggregation of the process of BG fluctuations and its Markov chain visualization. The clinical application of these methods is illustrated by analysis of data of a @entity1 with @entity6 who underwent islet transplantation and with data from clinical trials. RESULTS: Normative data [12,025 reference (YSI device, Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, @entity2145 ) BG determinations] in @entity1 with @entity6 who underwent insulin and @entity413 challenges suggest that the 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence intervals of BG rate of change that could be maximally sustained over 15-30 min are [-2,2], [-3,3], and [-4,4] mg/dL/min, respectively. BG dynamics and risk parameters clearly differentiated the stages of transplantation and the effects of medication. Aspects of treatment were clearly visualized by graphs of BG rate of change and Low/High BG Indices, by a Poincare plot of risk for rapid BG fluctuations, and by a plot of the aggregated Markov process. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced analysis and visualization of CGM data allow for evaluation of dynamical characteristics of @entity6 and reveal clinical information that is inaccessible via standard statistics, which do not take into account the temporal structure of the data. The use of such methods improves the assessment of @entity1 ' glycemic control.

title: Quantifying temporal @entity413 variability in XXXX via continuous @entity413 monitoring: mathematical methods and clinical application.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Type 1 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']