abstract: OBJECTIVE: This two-stage Phase II study assessed the activity of single agent alisertib in @entity1 with recurrent/persistent uterine @entity1822 (uLMS). METHODS: Eligibility criteria included histologically-confirmed, recurrent or persistent uLMS, age>= 18, 1-2 prior cytotoxic regimens, and RECIST version 1.1 measurable disease. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of alisertib through the frequency of @entity1 with objective @entity5 responses and the frequency who survived event-free for at least 6months (EFS6). The endpoints for EFS were RECIST progression, @entity204 , or beginning a subsequent therapy. The null hypothesis jointly specified the probability of a @entity1 experiencing a @entity5 response to less than or equal to 5% and the probability of a @entity1 surviving event-free for at least 6months to less than or equal to 20%. A two-stage design was used with a target accrual of 23 @entity1 for stage 1 and 47 pts. cumulative for stage 2. Confidence intervals do not correct for multiplicity. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 were enrolled with two @entity1 excluded on central histology review, yielding 21 eligible @entity1 . Median age was 61years. Prior treatment was either 1 cytotoxic regimen (71.4%) or 2 (28.6%). The most common treatment related AEs (grade 3 or worse) were @entity417 Hensley et al. (2008a) , @entity1431 Hensley et al. (2008b) , @entity1398 Maki et al. (2007) , @entity882 Huang et al. (2012) , @entity33 Hensley et al. (2008a) , @entity294 Huang et al. (2012) , and @entity63093 Zivanovic et al. (2012) . There were no objective responses (0%; 90% CI: 0-10.4%). Best response was stable disease (38.1%); 12 @entity1 had progressive disease (57.1%). EFS6 was 0% (90% CI: 0-10.4%). Median PFS and @entity3012 were 1.7 (90% CI: 1.4-3.2) and 14.5months (90% CI: 7.6 - NA), respectively. CONCLUSION: Alisertib did not demonstrate clinically meaningful single agent activity in previously treated uLMS.

title: A phase 2 study of alisertib (MLN8237) in recurrent or persistent uterine XXXX : An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study 0231D.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity63093 :: ('MESH:C538107', 'Disease') :: ['palmer-planter syndrome']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN:: We retrospectively reviewed 100 @entity1 who were posterior stabilized without graft fusion. Using the Sextant system, 22 @entity1 underwent minimally invasive short-segment 4 pedicle screw fixation ( @entity6785 4) and 39 @entity1 underwent minimally invasive short-segment combined with intermediate screws fixation that is 6 pedicle screw fixation ( @entity6785 6). The conventional open posterior short-segment 4 pedicle screw fixation (OPF 4) technique was used in 39 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation using the Sextant system in the treatment of @entity174 compared to the conventional open posterior short-segment pedicle screw fixation technique. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:: To our knowledge, the clinical and radiographic outcomes of @entity6785 4, @entity6785 6 with polyaxial pedicle screws and OPF 4 with monoaxial pedicle screws have not been compared in the treatment of thoracolumbar @entity174 . METHODS:: Visual analogue scores (VAS), @entity717 index (ODI) scores, clinical outcomes including surgical @entity190 , operation time, postoperative hospital stay and sagittal Cobb's angle, vertebral body angle, and anterior height of the @entity174 vertebrae were compared among the three groups. RESULTS:: Significant postoperative improvements, relative to baseline, were observed in the visual analogue scores (VAS) and @entity717 index (ODI) scores (P<0.05 each). There were no significant differences between the @entity6785 4 and @entity6785 6 groups in clinical outcomes, including surgical @entity190 , operation time, postoperative hospital stay, VAS and ODI scores (P>0.05 each). However, there were significant differences between both @entity6785 groups and the OPF group (P<0.05 each). Significant improvements were observed in the sagittal Cobb's angle, vertebral body angle, and anterior height of the @entity174 vertebrae (P<0.05 each). During follow-up, however, the correction loss of the Sagittal Cobb's angle was smallest in the @entity6785 6 group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:: Minimally invasive posterior stabilization using the Sextant system resulted in @entity131 compared to the open surgery, during both the internal fixation surgery and the implant removal surgery. Percutaneous screw fixation through the pedicle of the @entity174 is superior to the conventional open posterior short-segment 4 pedicle screw fixation technique in correcting @entity85 , and can be performed without any extra procedures.

title: Comparison of Open Versus Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation Using the Sextant System in the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['reduced injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractured vertebra', 'traumatic thoracolumbar fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformities']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Thoracolumbar Fractures']


abstract: beta A4 immunoreactivity was studied in temporal neocortex, area 22, of 26 cases with graded intellectual status. Sampling was performed in psychometrically assessed @entity1 over 75 years, either intellectually normal or affected by @entity195 of @entity195 of various degrees of severity. beta A4 antibodies labelled various types of beta A4 deposits in 22/26 cases: (1) small, stellate deposits; (2) diffuse deposits, (3) primitive, (4) classic and (5) compact, or burn-out, plaques. The densities of the stellate deposits, primitive and classic plaques were always positively linked with the severity of the intellectual status, whereas those of the diffuse deposits were not. This was due to a single case with normal mental status and numerous beta A4 deposits. Densities of stellate and diffuse deposits were higher in layers I, III and IV, whereas densities of primitive, classic, and @entity527 observed with Bodian's technique were higher in layers II and III. Topographical distribution of each subtype did not vary as a function of the severity of the intellectual status. These data suggest that deposits of beta A4 protein appear a necessary but not a sufficient condition for inducing @entity527 formation, in the neocortex as in other brain areas. beta A4 proteins could accumulate either as diffuse deposits, which do not cause an intellectual deficit, or as dense deposits, associated with @entity527 , i.e., classic @entity527 , highly correlated to the @entity73 . This evolution could depend on factors which are laminarily distributed in the neocortex.

title: Subtypes and differential laminar distributions of beta A4 deposits in XXXX : relationship with the intellectual status of 26 cases.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual impairment']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic plaque', 'argyrophilic neurites', 'neuritic plaques']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type', 'senile dementia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Different anaesthetic procedures that were used during an in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program have been analysed in order to determine their influence on plasma levels of @entity53 , @entity1420 , prolactin, and @entity4545 and results of IVF-ET. METHODS. Fifty-four @entity1 awaiting transvaginal oocyte aspiration were randomised into three groups: (1) anaesthesia with @entity3652 as an induction agent and analgesic (n = 20); (2) general intubation anaesthesia using @entity4490 for induction and enflurane for maintenance (n = 18); and (3) no anaesthesia (n = 16). @entity53 , @entity1420 , prolactin, and @entity4545 were measured from day 3 to 14 referring to follicle aspiration. Differences between preoperative hormone levels and their intra- and postoperative peaks were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P < 0.03). The results were corrected using the Holms method (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS. No differences were observed in @entity53 and @entity1420 levels (Figs. 1, 2). Prolactin levels were 1.4 times higher (P < 0.001) when @entity3652 was used and 2.2 times higher (P < 0.001) after short general anaesthesia than in the control group (Fig.3). Similar results were observed with respect to @entity4545 : in comparison with the control group we found significant elevation by a factor of 2.1 when @entity3652 was used (P < 0.001). The discrepancy became even more marked with general anaesthesia: @entity4545 was 3.9 times higher compared to the controls (P < 0.001) (Fig.4). Comparing the two groups who were given anaesthetics, prolactin and @entity4545 levels were also significantly different (P < 0.001). The IVF procedure itself did not appear to be affected by different anaesthetic procedures during oocyte aspiration (Table 2). CONCLUSIONS. The increased prolactin and @entity4545 plasma levels associated with @entity3652 and general anaesthesia reflect a significant alteration of the observed hormone levels. When anaesthesia is indicated, we try to avoid general intubation anaesthesia in favor of @entity3652 .

title: [The effect of different anesthetic procedures on hormone levels in XXXX . Studies during an in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program].

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIMS: This research assessed the impact of area-level socio-economic factors on the prevalence and outcomes of @entity164 2 @entity6 in North Karelia, Finland. METHODS: All @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 (n=10,204) were analyzed from the regional electronic @entity1 database during the years 2011 and 2012. The @entity1 's individual laboratory data was used to assess whether hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured and whether the recommended level of HbA1c <7% (<53mmol/l) was achieved. The variables describing socio-economic characteristics of postal code areas were retrieved from the database of Statistics Finland. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations. RESULTS: HbA1c had been measured in 83% of @entity1 . Over 70% of those with HbA1c measured reached the recommended level of HbA1c. The worse the area-level socio-economic status, the more probably HbA1c was not measured. Achieving the recommended HbA1c level was associated with being female and having a better area-level socio-economic status. The age-adjusted prevalence of @entity164 2 @entity6 was not linearly dependent on the socio-economic circumstances of the postal code areas. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that socio-economic factors at the small area-level are associated with treatment outcomes. The information from the regional electronic @entity1 database linked with area-level socio-economic information could be effectively utilized to improve @entity6 care.

title: XXXX 2 @entity6 care in North Karelia Finland: Do area-level socio-economic factors affect processes and outcomes?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e18572 Background: Both @entity2816 and @entity6985 are approved for first line treatment of @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). We compared the efficacy and safety and assessed quality of life (QOL) of the two agents in combination with @entity619 . METHODS: Between March 2009 and December 2010, 39 newly diagnosed @entity1582 @entity1 (median age 52 years, range, 20 to 70 years, M: F=16:7. ISS stage: I-14, II-14, III-11. Durie-Salmon stage: IIA-2, IIIA-30 and IIIB-7. @entity1 received @entity6985 , 25 mg/d, d 1-21 every 28 d or @entity2816 100-200 mg/d along with @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) 20 mg PO d 1-4 and d 9-12 every 28 d in both arms. The study was approved by Institution Ethics Committee and written informed consent was obtained. Response was assessed according to the IMWG criteria after 4 cycles. QOL was assessed by EORTC QOL questionnaire C30. Responders (CR or VGPR) received maintenance @entity9170 20 mg PO from day 1-4 every month until progression. All @entity1 received inj @entity4381 4 mg IV every month for 6-9 months. Eligible @entity1 were offered ASCT. Median follow-up is 9.5 months (range 1-21). Analysis was by intention to treat. RESULTS: 23 @entity1 (Len- @entity9170 , n=12 and Thal- @entity9170 , n=11) have completed at least 4 cycles of therapy. 16 @entity1 responded; VGPR-7, PR-9, 2-stable disease. Two @entity1 died of progressive disease (1 in each group). Response was similar in both arms. 6 @entity1 have proceeded to ASCT. In Len- @entity9170 arm, the major @entity137 were grade III-IV @entity1398 -2, @entity64335 in 1 pt. Other @entity137 were: fatigue-4, URTI- 3, constipation-2, dizziness-2, @entity3039 in 1 @entity1 . In Thal- @entity9170 arm, @entity137 were @entity16 -5 (all grade I), constipation-4 (grade I-3, grade III-1), @entity400 @entity1 . QOL analysis showed improvement in physical functioning among @entity1 of Len- @entity9170 arm (p<0.008). CONCLUSIONS: For newly diagnosed @entity1582 @entity1 , induction treatment with @entity6985 - @entity619 is associated with better @entity137 profile and improved QOL compared to @entity2816 - @entity619 .

title: @entity6985 plus low-dose @entity619 compared with @entity2816 plus low-dose @entity619 in the treatment of newly diagnosed XXXX : Results of an ongoing prospective randomized phase III trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thrombocytopenia-1 and rest tremors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity64335 :: ('MESH:C564052', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia-1 and anemia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['skin infection-2, fatigue-1 and coarse tremors in 1']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: The fungal pathogen @entity54 has been implicated in a drastic increase in life-threatening infections over the past decade. However, compared to other microbial pathogens, little is known about the essential molecular processes of this organism. One such fundamental process is DNA replication. The protein responsible for ensuring processive DNA replication is @entity1364 ( @entity1364 , also known as the sliding clamp), which clamps the replicative polymerase to DNA. Here we present the first crystal structure of a sliding clamp from a pathogenic fungus (A. fumigatus), at 2.6  . Surprisingly, the structure bears more similarity to the @entity1 sliding clamp than other available fungal sliding clamps. Reflecting this, fluorescence polarization experiments demonstrated that AfumPCNA interacts with the @entity1364 -interacting protein (PIP-box) motif of @entity1 @entity3544 with an affinity (Kd ) of 3.1  m. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to better understand how AfumPCNA interacts with @entity1 @entity3544 . These simulations revealed that the PIP-box bound to AfuPCNA forms a secondary structure similar to that observed in the @entity1 complex, with a central 310 helix contacting the hydrophobic surface pocket of AfumPCNA as well as a b-strand that forms an antiparallel sheet with the AfumPCNA surface. Differences in the 310 helix interaction with @entity1364 , attributed to residue Thr131 of AfumPCNA, and a less stable b-strand formation, attributed to residues @entity7647 123 and His125 of AfumPCNA, are likely causes of the over 10-fold lower affinity of the @entity3544 PIP-box for AfumPCNA as compared to hPCNA. DATABASE: The atomic coordinates and structure factors for the @entity54 sliding clamp can be found in the RCSB Protein Data Bank (http://www.rcsb.org) under the accession code 5TUP.

title: Structure of the sliding clamp from the fungal pathogen @entity54 (AfumPCNA) and interactions with @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

answer: @entity3544 :: (644914,Gene) :: ['p21']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Neonates with @entity6675 make up an increasing proportion of prolonged surgical NICU admissions. While @entity166 are known to increase @entity1 morbidity, it is unclear whether they vary according to abdominal closure method, or can be predicted by initial @entity1 assessment. METHODS: A national, prospective, disease-specific database was evaluated for episodes of @entity2737 ( @entity2737 ) and @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ). Antibiotic use and timing, as well as method and location of abdominal closure were studied. The @entity6675 ( @entity6675 ) was calculated and evaluated as a predictor of @entity166 . RESULTS: Of 395 @entity1 , 48 (12.6%) had a documented abdominal @entity2737 , and 59 @entity1 (14.9%) had at least one episode of @entity1212 -most commonly coagulase negative staphylococcus. Most abdominal closures took place within 6 h of admission (194 = 51.3%), while 132 (34.9%) were delayed greater than 24 h. The @entity2737 rate was greater in the delayed group (21.2 vs. 8.2%, p = 0.0006). The @entity6675 was found to predict development of an @entity166 ( @entity2737 + @entity1212 , p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Infectious complications remain an important consideration in the management of @entity6675 . @entity6675 correlates with the development of @entity166 . Prophylaxis for skin flora and early closure, when feasible, may reduce @entity2737 rates.

title: Infectious complications in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['CRI', 'catheter-related infection']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['WI', 'wound infection']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis prognostic score', 'gastroschisis', 'GPS']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications', 'infectious complication']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['gastroschisis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical effect of improved flushing method applied in @entity834 ( @entity834 ) aft er low anterior resection for @entity5 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective study to analyze the therapeutic eff ect for 39 @entity834 from 438 @entity1 who received Dixon surgery in the Affi liated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College. Among them, 23 @entity1 received the traditional fl ushing method (the traditional group) and 16 received the improved fl ushing method (the improved group). RESULTS: Th e rate of @entity834 was 8.9% (39/438). All @entity1 were cured with non-operative treatment. Th e cleanliness degree of the surrounding skin of drainage tube in the improved group was higher than that in the traditional group. Th e duration of average hospitalization and extubation of drainage tube was shorter in the improved group than that in the traditional group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with the traditional methods, the improved one is better for the @entity834 @entity1 . Both the @entity1 themselves or their family members can chose it. The improved flushing method is worth to be spread in clinic.

title: [Application of improved flushing method in XXXX after low anterior resection for @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage', 'AL']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leakage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the nature and extent of lateral neck node @entity3 from @entity3557 in relation to presenting physical examination and staging radiologic studies. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary referral @entity5 center. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 who underwent comprehensive neck dissection with or without concurrent thyroidectomy for well-differentiated @entity259 between 1991 and 2001. Excluded were @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity259 diagnosed incidentally at the time of treatment of other primary @entity135 , those with previous neck dissection for nonthyroid @entity5 , and those undergoing surgery for @entity259 . INTERVENTIONS: All pathology and operative and preoperative radiology reports for @entity1 undergoing comprehensive neck dissection for well-differentiated @entity1374 were reviewed. Data were collected on previous procedures, preoperative evaluation, operative details, and pathologic findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Identification of metastatic @entity259 in one or more nodes in anatomically defined drainage basins of the central and lateral neck. RESULTS: A total of 51 neck dissections were performed. All @entity1 had preoperative evidence of @entity3 . In addition to the usual comprehensive node dissection encompassing all lymphatic tissue in levels II through V, level I nodes and level II nodes above the spinal accessory nerve were labeled as distinct regions in 16 (31%) and 34 (67%) specimens, respectively. Disease was confined to a single nodal level in 20 (39%) of 51 specimens and was present in 4 or more levels in 7 (14%) of 50 neck dissections. There was @entity5 at 2 or 3 levels in 16 (31%) and 15 (29%) cases, respectively. Seven (21%) of the 34 @entity1 undergoing separate analysis of nodes from above the spinal accessory nerve had @entity5 there. In 3 of the 34 it was the sole disease in level II. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 involvement at multiple nodal levels occurs in most cases when @entity1 have lateral cervical node @entity3 . " @entity13425 " @entity3 and @entity5 above the spinal accessory nerve are common. Neck dissections should include all node stations likely to be involved because selective node excision is likely to leave @entity3 in situ.

title: XXXX above the spinal accessory nerve in @entity3557 that involves lateral neck nodes: a common occurrence.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'medullary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are widespread in the environment and some may be @entity2359 . As we are exposed to complex mixtures of POPs, we aimed to investigate how a POP mixture based on Scandinavian @entity1 blood data affects behaviour and neurodevelopment during early life in @entity3392 . Embryos/larvae were exposed to a series of sub-lethal doses and behaviour was examined at 96 h post fertilization (hpf). In order to determine the sensitivity window to the POP mixture, exposure models of 6 to 48 and 48 to 96 hpf were used. The expression of genes related to neurological development was also assessed. Results indicate that the POP mixture increases the swimming speed of larval @entity3392 following exposure between 48 to 96 hpf. This behavioural effect was associated with the perfluorinated compounds, and more specifically with @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ). The expression of genes related to the stress response, GABAergic, dopaminergic, histaminergic, serotoninergic, cholinergic systems and neuronal maintenance, were altered. However, there was little overlap in those genes that were significantly altered by the POP mixture and @entity14912 . Our findings show that the POP mixture and @entity14912 can have a similar effect on behaviour, yet alter the expression of genes relevant to neurological development differently.

title: A Mixture of Persistent Organic Pollutants and @entity14911 Induces Similar Behavioural Responses, but Different Gene Expression Profiles in XXXX Larvae.

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctanesulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Zebrafish']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The identification of risk factors could play a role in improving early postoperative outcome for @entity5 surgery @entity1 . The air of this s5udy was to determine the relationship between short-course preoperative radiotherapy (RT), serum @entity2313 level and the development of @entity260 in @entity1 after anterior rectal resection due to @entity5 without creation of diverting stoma. METHODS: This retrospective study included @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity188 with the clinical stage of T2-T4 operated on between 2007 and 2012. All the @entity1 underwent open anterior rectal resection without diverting stoma creation. Preoperative serum @entity2313 was measured in each @entity1 . @entity5 location was noted intraoperatively as the distance between the inferior @entity5 margin and anal verge. @entity5 size was measured and noted by the pathologist who assessed specimens. Some of the @entity1 received short-course preoperative RT, and some did not. The @entity1 were divided into two groups (group 1 with short-course preoperative RT, group 2 without short-course preoperative RT). @entity260 included clinically apparent @entity834 , wound @entity281 , diffuse @entity298 and @entity55 . They were compared between the groups, in relation to preoperative serum @entity2313 level, @entity1 age, @entity5 size and location. RESULTS: The study included 107 @entity1 (51 in the group 1 and 56 in the group 2). There were no significant difference in age (p = 0.95), gender (p = 0.12) and @entity5 distance from anal verge (p = 0.53). The size of @entity189 was significantly higher in the group 1 than in the group 2 (51.37 +/- 12.04 mm vs. 45.57 +/- 9.81 mm, respectively; p = 0.007). The preoperative serum @entity2313 level was significantly lower in the group 1 than in the group 2 (34.80 +/- 2.85 g/L vs. 37.55 +/- 2.74 g/L, respectively; p < 0.001). A significant correlation between the @entity5 size and the serum @entity2313 level was found (p = 0.042). @entity260 were observed in 13 (25.5%) @entity1 in the group 1 and in 10 (17.8%) @entity1 in the group 2 without significant difference between the groups (p = 0.18). A significantly lower level of serum @entity2313 was found in @entity1 with @entity260 and in those who died. A significant difference in @entity834 occurrence between groups was found (p = 0.039). Male gender and the lower level of serum @entity2313 were significant predictors for @entity834 occurrence (p = 0.05 and p = 0.002, respectively), but preoperative RT had no significant impact on it. CONCLUSIONS: A lower serum @entity2313 level, but not short-course of preoperative RT, was significantly associated with @entity260 development after rectal resection with' out diverting stoma.

title: Relationship between of short-course preoperative radiotherapy and serum @entity2313 level and XXXX in @entity5 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications', 'Overall, postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: Recent prospective studies have suggested that @entity442 levels are related to risk of some @entity5 . We previously reported in a case-control study a significant association between @entity442 level and @entity2 risk, with a 2-fold increased risk in the highest quartile. We now report the results of a @entity2 case-control study nested in the placebo arm of the @entity2066 and @entity904 Efficacy Trial in heavy smokers. We identified 159 cases for whom sera had been collected at least 3 years before diagnosis and for whom 2 suitable controls/case (final number, 297) could be matched from the same study arm on age (within 5-year intervals), sex, ethnicity, year of enrollment into the @entity2066 and @entity904 Efficacy Trial, year of blood draw, and exposure category (smoking or asbestos). The cases were significantly heavier smokers than the controls (mean pack-years, 58.7 and 45.9, respectively; P < 0.001). An inverse relationship between @entity442 level and age was evident only for former smokers, and not for those who were current smokers at the time of blood draw. Both @entity442 and @entity2301 levels were higher in cases than in controls, but none of the differences achieved statistical significance. The odds ratios for @entity442 were around unity, except for subsets of heaviest smokers and those who had quit smoking for the longest period of time, in whom there were elevated risks in the second to fourth quartiles of @entity442 relative to the first quartile (odds ratios, 2.21-2.91), although again, none achieved statistical significance. For younger subjects, @entity442 was inversely associated with @entity2 risk in the models that also controlled for @entity2301 . Elevated risks for @entity2 were noted in the highest quartile of @entity2301 level, and these tended to be higher in current smokers and more recent quitters. These results do not support the conclusions of our prior case-control study. It is possible that current smoking or recent cessation may exert a suppressive effect on @entity442 levels (notably in younger subjects with higher baseline levels) that may obscure a relatively modest association between @entity442 level and @entity2 risk. On the other hand, risks associated with elevated @entity2301 level tended to be higher in current smokers and more recent quitters. This trend toward a positive association with @entity2301 level is unexpected and requires further investigation. Finally, from these data, we cannot exclude the possibility that risk of @entity2 in nonsmokers may be related to @entity442 levels.

title: Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGF-binding protein levels and risk of @entity2 : a case-control study nested in the @entity2066 and XXXX Efficacy Trial Cohort.

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-Carotene']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-3', 'IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinol']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['Retinol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Respiration is known to be a significant contributor to pulmonary flow in @entity1 who have had Glenn or Fontan procedures. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of respiration on branch pulmonary artery flow in normal @entity1 , in those with uncomplicated Glenn or Fontan procedures, and in those with uncomplicated biventricular (2V) repairs, and to compare them with similar groups of postoperative @entity1 who had unilateral diaphragm @entity912 . METHODS: Twenty-one normal @entity1 and @entity1 were studied, along with 10 who had undergone uncomplicated bidirectional Glenn or Fontan palliation. Also studied were 10 @entity1 with uncomplicated 2V repairs and 17 @entity1 having ultrasound demonstration of diaphragm @entity912 . Nine had undergone Glenn or Fontan procedures and 8 had undergone 2V repair. With the use of conventional pulsed Doppler, branch right and left pulmonary artery waveforms were recorded during spontaneous respiration. The velocity time integral (VTI); heart rate (HR); and systolic, diastolic, and mean velocities were measured at end-expiration and during inspiration. The pulsatility index (PI) (PI = systolic velocity - diastolic velocity/mean velocity) was calculated for each condition. RESULTS: In normal @entity1 PI was 1.69 with a 4.7% increase with inspiration; VTI x HR was 1859. In @entity1 who had undergone uncomplicated Glenn/Fontan procedures PI was 1.06 with a 27.5% increase with inspiration; VTI x HR was 1303, all P =.001 versus normal @entity1 . In @entity1 with 2V repairs PI was 1.7 with a 5.6% increase with inspiration; VTI x HR was 1850, all P = ns versus normal @entity1 . @entity1 with Glenn/Fontan connections and diaphragm @entity912 had lower PI (0.81), inspiratory increase (7.9%), and VTI x HR (610) on the affected side, all P =.001 versus the normal side, and versus @entity1 who had undergone uncomplicated Glenn/Fontan procedures. @entity1 with 2V repair with a pulsatile source of pulmonary flow had a smaller significant difference in the measured indices. Three @entity1 underwent diaphragm plication with improvement in PI, inspiratory increase in PI, and VTI x HR postplication. CONCLUSION: In normal @entity1 and @entity1 with uncomplicated 2V repair, inspiration has little effect on PI in branch pulmonary arteries. In @entity1 who have undergone uncomplicated Glenn/Fontan procedures, PI is less than that of normal @entity1 and the effect of inspiration is approximately 5-fold greater. This significant effect of inspiration on pulmonary flow is lost on the affected side in @entity1 with Glenn/Fontan connections and diaphragm @entity912 , and is blunted on the affected side in @entity1 with 2V repair and diaphragm @entity912 . Loss of diaphragm function is associated with redistribution of pulmonary flow away from the affected side.

title: Effect of unilateral diaphragm XXXX on branch pulmonary artery flow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: AIMS: Diastolic reserve is the ability of left ventricular filling pressures to remain normal with exercise. Impaired diastolic reserve may be an early sign of @entity13088 . We aimed to determine whether diastolic reserve differs in type 2 @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) compared with non- @entity3918 , and to identify clinical, anthropological, metabolic and resting echocardiographic correlates of impaired diastolic reserve in @entity1 with @entity3918 . METHODS AND RESULTS: 237 @entity1 (aged 53  11   years, 133 @entity3918 , ejection fraction 68  9%) underwent rest and exercise echocardiography. Mitral E and septal e' were measured at rest, immediately post, and 10   min into recovery. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and binary regression with continuous outcomes were used to model e' and E/e' changes with exercise to identify impaired diastolic reserve defined as post-exercise E/e' >= 15. After adjusting for baseline differences, @entity1 with @entity3918 immediately post-exercise had a lower septal e', a lower   e' (1.2 vs 2.3   cm/s, p=0.006) and a higher    septal E/e' (1.7 vs 0.08, p<0.001) than @entity1 without @entity3918 . In @entity1 with normal resting E/e' of  <=8 (n=130), @entity3918 had a significantly higher post-exercise septal E/e' and a higher   septal E/e' (2.63 vs 0.50, p<0.001). E/e' in @entity1 with @entity3918 remained significantly elevated up to 10   min post-exercise. @entity101 , longer duration of insulin therapy, poorer glycaemic control, worse renal function, larger left atrial volume and lower septal e' were independent correlates of impaired diastolic reserve in @entity1 with @entity3918 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity3918 have impaired diastolic reserve manifest as a blunted e' response with exercise, persisting into recovery. Clinical, anthropometric, metabolic and echocardiographic correlates of impaired diastolic reserve in @entity1 with @entity3918 were identified. An impaired LV diastolic reserve may be the underlying pathophysiological mechanism in @entity1 with @entity3918 with unexplained exertional dyspnoea and may allow earlier detection of @entity3918 .

title: Left ventricular diastolic reserve in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity13088 :: ('MESH:D058065', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['DM cardiomyopathy', 'DM']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is a need for cellular biomarkers to differentiate @entity1 with @entity295 from those with the non-infectious @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). In this double-blind study we determined whether the expression of known ( @entity1453 , @entity1196 ) and putative adhesion molecules ( @entity10685 , @entity54676 and @entity67674 ) on blood neutrophils could serve as useful biomarkers of @entity281 and of non-infectious @entity1850 in @entity3124 @entity1 . We studied 103 @entity1 with @entity1850 , 80 of whom had @entity295 and 50 healthy normal subjects using flow cytometry to phenotypically characterise neutrophils in whole blood samples. @entity1 with @entity1850 had an increased prevalence of neutrophils expressing @entity2935 , @entity10685 and @entity67674 in comparison with healthy subjects (p<0.001) but a normal expression of @entity1453 , @entity9536 , @entity1196 and @entity54676 . An increase in the percentage of neutrophils bearing @entity2935 was associated with @entity295 , @entity67674 with @entity1850 and @entity10685 with @entity295 and @entity1850 . Neutrophils expressing @entity2935 had the highest sensitivity (81%) and specificity (80%) for the detection of @entity295 and there was an association between the percentage of neutrophils expressing @entity67674 and the extent of organ failure (p<0.05). Contrary to other reports we did not observe an abnormal expression of @entity9536 or @entity8729 L on neutrophils from @entity1 with @entity1850 and suggest that this discrepancy is due to differences in cell processing protocols. We propose that blood neutrophils expressing @entity2935 and @entity67674 be considered as potential biomarkers for @entity295 and @entity1850 respectively. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Expression of @entity2935 and @entity67674 on neutrophils: Potential diagnostic biomarkers for XXXX and systemic inflammation.

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We examined the utility of January 2004 to April 2014 Google Trends data from information searches for @entity5 screenings and preparations as a complement to population screening data, which are traditionally estimated through costly population-level surveys. SETTING: State-level data across the USA. @entity1 : @entity1 who searched for terms related to @entity5 screening using Google, and @entity1 who participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) State-level Google Trends data, providing relative search volume ( @entity5842 ) data scaled to the highest search proportion per week (RSV100) for search terms over time since 2004 and across different geographical locations. (2) @entity5842 of new screening tests, free/low-cost screening for breast and @entity14 , and new preparations for colonoscopy (Prepopik). (3) State-level breast, cervical, @entity14 screening rates. RESULTS: Correlations between Google Trends and BRFSS data ranged from 0.55 for ever having had a colonoscopy to 0.14 for having a Pap smear within the past 3 years. Free/low-cost mammography and colonoscopy showed higher @entity5842 during their respective @entity5 awareness months. @entity5842 for Miralax remained stable, while interest in Prepopik increased over time. @entity5842 for @entity2 screening, virtual colonoscopy and three-dimensional mammography was low. CONCLUSIONS: Google Trends data provides enormous scientific possibilities, but are not a suitable substitute for, but may complement, traditional data collection and analysis about @entity5 screening and related interests.

title: The utility of Google Trends data to examine interest in XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal and prostate cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The development of new-generation photosensitizers to improve photodynamic therapy (PDT) and @entity146 ( @entity146 ) is an area of extensive research. One such compound that has been studied in our group is @entity19486 (HY). To study the mechanism of action we have investigated uptake, intracellular localization, cell @entity6337 and morphological changes especially to ultrastructures following photodynamic treatment in poorly (CNE2) and moderately (TW0-1) differentiated @entity1 @entity189 ( @entity189 ) cells and also other @entity5 cells such as @entity1494 (SD) cells in vitro. Following irradiation, @entity6337 was determined by crystal fast violet assay and apoptosis was assessed using annexin-V assay. Using spectrofluorimetry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) we have determined cellular fluorescence localization and uptake of HY. Co-labeling with HY and fluorescent dyes specific for cell organelles revealed an intracellular localization of HY predominantly in mitochondria and lysosomes. Since many photosensitizing agents in current clinical use have mitochondrial targets, HY may be a valuable addition to current protocols. In addition, our results also indicate that leakage of lysosomal protease into cytosolic compartment might be involved in the induction of apoptosis. Electron microscopy revealed damage to plasma membrane with high drug dose (>5 microM); indicating a mechanism related to @entity39 , whereas sub-lethal lower doses (<2.5 microM) resulted in induction of apoptosis indicated by typical ultrastructural signs of apoptosis. Our results based on mitochondrial and lysosomal localization support the idea that PDT can contribute to elimination of malignant cells by the induction of apoptosis, and can be of physiological significance.

title: Bio-distribution and subcellular localization of XXXX and its role in PDT induced apoptosis in @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['colon (CCL-220.1) and bladder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['photodynamic diagnosis', 'PDD']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity19486 :: ('MESH:C004965', 'Chemical') :: ['Hypericin']

answer: @entity19486 :: (MESH:C004965,Chemical) :: ['Hypericin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about acute and transient @entity914 (ATPD), a diagnostic category introduced with @entity1479 -10. AIMS: To determine the clinical and sociodemographic features, course and outcome of @entity1479 -10 ATPD in a prospective and longitudinal study. METHOD: We recruited all consecutive inpatients fulfilling the @entity1479 -10 criteria of ATPD during a 5-year period. Demographic and clinical features were systematically evaluated and follow-up investigations were carried out at an average of 10 years after onset of the disorder using standardized instruments. RESULTS: ATPD @entity1 represented 8.5% of all inpatients with non-organic @entity914 . ATPD were characterized by female preponderance. In two-thirds of the cases a typical polymorphic symptomatology was found. In spite of the fact that the possibility of relapse within 5 years was high, the psychopathological and social outcome for most of the @entity1 was very favourable. @entity161 episodes during follow-up were rare (7.7% of @entity1 ), but a strictly monomorphous course (ATPD episodes only) from index episode to the end of the prospective follow-up was found in only 53.9% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: ATPD are not a sharply demarcated and unchanging nosological entity. Nevertheless, the present data support a delineation of ATPD as a diagnostic category with specific clinical features and with a usually favourable prognosis. Further research on the topic is necessary.

title: Features of acute and transient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies have suggested that nephron sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy provide equally effective therapy for @entity1 with small (less than 4 cm.), solitary, unilateral @entity1358 and a normal contralateral kidney. We evaluate whether central versus peripheral @entity5 location in the involved kidney is a significant factor affecting treatment outcome in these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with a single, small (less than 4 cm.), localized, unilateral, @entity1358 were identified from our institutional registry. From 1972 to 1995, 145 @entity1 fulfilling these criteria were treated with either nephron sparing surgery (86) or radical nephrectomy (59). Mean postoperative followup was 51.4 months. Tumor characteristics and outcome measures were analyzed in 35 @entity1 with central versus 110 with peripheral @entity1358 according to the type of treatment. RESULTS: We detected 27 central (77%) and 75 peripheral @entity1358 (68%) incidentally. Nephron sparing surgery was used to treat 19 central (54%) and 67 peripheral (61%) @entity189 . Pathological @entity5 stage was T1 to 2 in 33 central (94%) and 91 peripheral (82%) cases. Grade 1 to 2 @entity1358 was present in 28 central (80%) and 85 peripheral (77%) @entity5 . Postoperatively, when comparing @entity1 with central versus peripheral @entity1358 there was no difference in 5-year cancer specific survival (100 versus 97%), @entity5 recurrence (5.7 versus 4.5%) or renal function (mean serum @entity1011 1.43 mg./dl. in both groups). These parameters were also equivalent in @entity1 treated with nephron sparing surgery versus radical nephrectomy overall and within the central versus peripheral @entity1358 subgroups. Nephron sparing surgery was technically more complicated in central @entity1358 with a longer @entity8 time (55 versus 34 minutes, p <0.05) and more frequent entry of the collecting system (74 versus 47%, p <0.05) compared to @entity189 . Two @entity1 (2.3%, 1 central, 1 peripheral) had local @entity5 recurrence after nephron sparing surgery. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant biological differences between centrally versus peripherally located small solitary unilateral @entity1358 . Nephron sparing surgery is technically more demanding in @entity1 with central @entity5 . However, treatment with nephron sparing surgery or radical nephrectomy is equally effective regardless of @entity5 location.

title: Management of small solitary unilateral @entity1358 : impact of central versus peripheral XXXX location.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral carcinomas', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'renal cell carcinoma', 'sporadic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite well documented sex and gender differences, little is known about the relative impact of male-female social interactions on @entity158 . Three experiments were conducted to investigate whether the type of interpersonal relationship @entity1 and @entity1 have with an observer affects how they respond to experimental @entity158 . Study 1 recruited friends and strangers, Study 2 examined the effects of same and opposite-sex friends, whereas Study 3 investigated the differences between opposite-sex friends and opposite-sex romantic partners. 144 dyads were recruited (48 in each study). One @entity1 from each dyad completed two @entity158 tasks, while the other @entity1 observed in silence. Overall, the presence of another @entity1 resulted in an increase in @entity158 threshold and tolerance on the cold pressor task and algometer. The sex status of the dyads also had a role, but only within the friendship groups. In particular, male friends had the most pronounced effect on @entity1 's @entity158 , increasing @entity158 tolerance. We suggest that the presence of an observer, their sex, and the nature of the @entity1 -observer relationship all influence how @entity158 is reported. Further research should focus on dyadic relationships, and their influence on how @entity1 and @entity1 report and communicate @entity158 in specific contexts.

title: Observer influences on XXXX : an experimental series examining same-sex and opposite-sex friends, strangers, and romantic partners.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'person', 'men']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity323 is a common sequela of radical prostatectomy. The etiology involves @entity4148 , which arise from the major @entity530 (MPG), and subsequent neuroinflammation, which leads to recruitment of macrophages to the injury site. Currently, two macrophage phenotypes are known: neurotoxic M1 macrophages and neuroprotective M2 macrophages. AIM: To examine whether bilateral @entity128 (BCNI) in a @entity35 model of @entity323 would increase @entity2359 macrophages to the MPG. METHODS: Male @entity35 underwent BCNI and the MPG was harvested at various time points after injury. The corpora cavernosa was used to evaluate tissue myographic responses to electrical field stimulation ex  vivo. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the gene expression of global macrophage markers, M1 macrophage markers, M2 macrophage markers, and cytokines and chemokines in the MPG. Mathematical calculation of the M1/M2 index was used to quantify macrophage changes temporally. Western blot of MPG tissues was used to evaluate the protein amount of M1 and M2 macrophage markers quantitatively. Immunohistochemistry staining of MPGs for @entity22519 , @entity24085 , and CD206 was used to characterize M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Corpora cavernosa responsiveness ex  vivo; gene (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and protein (western blot) expressions of M1 and M2 markers, cytokines, and chemokines; and immunohistochemical localization of M1 and M2 macrophages. RESULTS: BCNI impaired the corporal parasympathetic-mediated relaxation response to electrical field stimulation and enhanced the contraction response to electrical field stimulation. Gene expression of proinflammatory ( @entity3426 , @entity66314 , @entity1505 , @entity1810 , @entity657 , @entity3037 ) and anti-inflammatory ( @entity13358 ) cytokines was upregulated in the MPG 48 hours after injury. M1 markers ( @entity24085 , inducible @entity842 synthase, @entity3426 ) and M2 markers (CD206, @entity37248 , @entity13358 ) were increased after BCNI in the MPG, with the M1/M2 index above 1.0 indicating that more M1 than M2 macrophages were recruited to the MPG. Protein expression of the M1 macrophage marker (inducible @entity842 synthase) was increased in MPGs after BCNI. However, the protein amount of M2 macrophage markers ( @entity37248 ) remained unchanged. Immunohistochemical characterization demonstrated predominant increases in M1 ( @entity22519 (+) @entity24085 (+)) macrophages in the MPG after BCNI. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that an increase in M1 macrophage infiltration of the MPG after BCNI is associated with impaired neurogenically mediated erectile tissue physiology ex  vivo and thus has significant implications for cavernous nerve axonal repair. Future studies are needed to demonstrate that inhibition of M1 macrophage recruitment prevents @entity323 after CNI.

title: M1 Macrophages Are Predominantly Recruited to the Major Pelvic Ganglion of the @entity35 Following Cavernous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Neurogenic erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic ganglion']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the autonomic cavernous nerves']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rat']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['recruitment of neurotoxic M1']

answer: @entity128 :: (MESH:D020209,Disease) :: ['Nerve Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity20787 is a frequent sequela of adjuvant radiation therapy for @entity0 . Clinical manifestations include prominent @entity8721 that may be physically disfiguring and psychologically distressing for the @entity1 . The objective of this study was to review cases of @entity0 @entity1 with radiation-induced @entity0 treated with the pulsed dye laser and assess clinical efficacy. The @entity1 's perception of treatment was also reviewed. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of @entity1 treated for radiation-induced @entity8721 was conducted at the Dermatology Division of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pre- and post-clinical photos were used to assess clearance by two independent raters. @entity1 's comments were assessed from visit notes and the treating physicians for the impact of treatment on the @entity1 's overall well-being. RESULTS: All @entity1 (n=11) experienced clinical improvement in the radiation-induced @entity8721 . The mean number of treatments was 4.3 (2-9) with an average fluence of 4.2J/cm(2) (585nm platform) and 7.8J/cm(2) (595nm) (4-8 J/cm(2)) used. The mean percent clearance was 72.7 percent (50-90%). Adverse effects were not encountered including those with breast implants or flap reconstruction. @entity1 reported an improvement in their well-being, including an improved sense of confidence. LIMITATIONS: LIMITATIONS include the small sample size, nonstandardized digital images, and nonsystematic collection of @entity1 -reported outcomes. CONCLUSION: The pulsed dye laser is an efficacious treatment for radiation-induced @entity0 . Multiple treatments are required for greater than 50-percent clearance and conservative treatment parameters are advised. @entity1 also reported an improved quality of life.

title: Radiation-induced XXXX Treated with the Pulsed Dye Laser.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity20787 :: ('MESH:D011855', 'Disease') :: ['Radiation dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast telangiectasias']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Telangiectasias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2857 has been shown to significantly improve the overall survival of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of @entity2857 as a first-line treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity157 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: To carry out the analysis, we collected the data on the efficacy and safety of @entity1 treated with @entity2857 from medical records and follow-up of these @entity1 . A Markov model comprising three health states (progression-free survival, progressive disease, and @entity204 ) was created to simulate the process of advanced @entity157 . We calculated the data on cost from the perspective of Chinese @entity1 . Sensitivity analyses were also carried out to explore the impact of several essential variables. RESULTS: Overall, 94 @entity1 with advanced @entity157 were included in our study: 70 in the @entity1 -Pugh A group and 24 in the @entity1 -Pugh B group. The median overall survival was 8.0 months (95% confidence interval: 7.21-8.50). In general, treatment with @entity2857 was estimated to increase costs by  18   251.84 compared with best supportive care, with a gain of 0.18 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Thus, the incremental cost-effective ratio was  101   399.11/QALY for @entity2857 versus best supportive care. In addition, in @entity1 with @entity1 -Pugh A liver function, the total costs and effectiveness were  20   643.06 and 0.48 QALYs, respectively, whereas in the @entity1 -Pugh class B group, the total costs and effectiveness were  15   844.33 and 0.28 QALYs. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the commonly accepted willingness-to-pay threshold ( 20   301.00/QALY in China), @entity2857 is not a cost-effective option as a first-line treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity157 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of @entity2857 as a first-line treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the initial outcomes of femtosecond laser arcuate keratotomies (AK) to correct high @entity940 after keratoplasty. METHODS: This retrospective non-comparative interventional study included 52 consecutive @entity1 (52 eyes) who underwent Intralase-enabled arcuate keratotomies. Changes in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mean refractive and keratometric @entity940 , preoperative and postoperative manifest refraction and complications were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 13.77      4.17  months. Mean BCVA and UCVA improved statistically significantly from 0.30      0.18 LogMAR and 0.90      0.43 LogMAR preoperatively to 0.20      0.14 and 0.60      0.39 postoperatively respectively (P  <  0.05, all comparisons). Mean subjective cylinder decreased statistically significantly from 7.15      1.32  D preoperatively to 5.19      2.25  D at the last postoperative visit (P  =  0.0002). Two eyes (4%) lost one line or more of BCVA. Three @entity1 (5.8%) had corneal perforation and only one eye required resuturing of the AK wound. Twelve @entity1 (23%) were overcorrected. CONCLUSIONS: AK performed with the femtosecond laser was relatively easy to perform, safe, and effective for treating post-keratoplasty @entity940 . There was a significant improvement in UCVA and BCVA with a very low rate of complications. A larger series is required to refine the nomogram to achieve a greater reduction in cylinder.

title: Femtosecond astigmatic keratotomy for postkeratoplasty XXXX .

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['astigmatism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13426 is the presence of blood in the ejaculate. Its etiology is congenital, inflammatory, infectious, obstructive, tumoral, vascular, traumatic, iatrogenic or related to @entity262 . It is a quite irritating and life-quality-disturbing condition for @entity1 . It is significant to demonstrate infectious-based @entity13426 due to the fact that its treatment is easier than for other reasons. METHODS: 30 @entity1 , having spontaneous @entity13426 , were taken to our study. The serum total PSA levels of the @entity1 were examined and microbiological examinations such as direct inspection for ejaculate, routine bacteriological and mycetes culture, Gram staining, trichrome staining and @entity5940 / @entity12726 culture (Mycofast Evolution 3, ELITech, France) were performed. RESULTS: Bacteria was isolated in 11 (36%) of 30 @entity1 with @entity13426 . @entity794 occurred in five @entity1 (45.5%), @entity12726 in three @entity1 (27.2%) and @entity526 and @entity3274 in one each (9.1%). @entity12726 and @entity794 occurred together in one @entity1 . No statistical difference of scores of National Institute of Health-Chronic @entity1069 Symptoms Index (CPSI) and serum total PSA levels between the @entity1 with and without @entity281 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13426 mostly affects micturition functions of young @entity1 and it can be due to @entity281 in one-third of the cases.

title: Effect of microorganisms on etiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13426 :: ('MESH:D051516', 'Disease') :: ['Hematospermia', 'hematospermia']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['Prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['K.pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity12726 :: ('2130', 'Species') :: ['Ureaplasma urealyticum', 'U.urealyticum']

entities_list: @entity5940 :: ('2098', 'Species') :: ['Mycoplasma hominis']

answer: @entity13426 :: (MESH:D051516,Disease) :: ['hematospermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is an auto-immune disease whose complex pathogenesis remains unraveled. Here we aim to explore the inflammatory ability of @entity1252 @entity1 ' sera upon peripheral blood (PB) monocyte subsets and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) obtained from healthy donors. METHODS: In this study we included 11 @entity1252 @entity1 with active disease (ASLE), 11 with inactive disease (ISLE) and 10 @entity23 ( @entity23 ). PB from healthy donors was stimulated with @entity1 ' sera, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand - lipopolysaccharide or both. The intracellular production of @entity310 was evaluated in classical, non-classical monocytes and mDCs, using flow cytometry. @entity310 mRNA expression was assessed in all these purified cells, after sera treatment. RESULTS: We found that sera of @entity1252 @entity1 did not change spontaneous @entity310 production by monocytes or dendritic cells. However, upon stimulation of @entity2939 , the presence of sera from ASLE @entity1 , but not ISLE, significantly increased the intracellular expression of @entity310 in classical and non-classical monocytes. This ability was related to titers anti-double stranded DNA antibodies in the serum. High levels of anti- @entity310 in the @entity1 ' sera were associated with increased @entity310 expression by co-cultured mDCs. No relationship was found with the levels of a wide variety of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. A slight increase of @entity310 mRNA expression was observed in these purified cells when they were cultured only in the presence of @entity1252 serum. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity1252 sera induce an abnormal in vitro @entity2939 response in classical and non-classical monocytes, reflected by a higher @entity310 intracellular expression. These effects may be operative in the pathogenesis of @entity1252 .

title: Sera from @entity1 with active @entity1252 @entity1 enhance the XXXX response in monocyte subsets.

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

answer: @entity2939 :: (7099,Gene) :: ['toll-like receptor 4']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate pulmonary metabolic alterations during progression of @entity647 . METHODS: Using hyperpolarized [1-(13) C] pyruvate imaging, we measured pulmonary @entity880 and @entity2388 in 15 ventilated @entity35 1, 2, and 4   h after initiation of mechanical ventilation. Lung compliance was used as a marker for injury progression. 5 untreated @entity35 were used as controls; 5 @entity35 (injured-1) received 1   ml/kg and another 5 @entity35 (injured-2) received 2   ml/kg @entity5836 (pH   1.25) in the @entity825 at 70   min. RESULTS: The mean @entity880 -to- @entity2388 ratio of the injured-1 cohort was 0.15        0.02 and 0.15        0.03 at baseline and 1   h after the injury, and significantly increased from the baseline value 3   h after the injury to 0.23        0.02 (P   =   0.002). The mean @entity880 -to- @entity2388 ratio of the injured-2 cohort decreased from 0.14        0.03 at baseline to 0.08        0.02 1   h after the injury and further decreased to 0.07        0.02 (P   =   0.08) 3   h after injury. No significant change was observed in the control group. Compliance in both injured groups decreased significantly after the injury (P   <   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that in severe cases of @entity651 , @entity4 and hyperperfusion in the injured lung tissue may complicate interpretation of the pulmonary @entity880 -to- @entity2388 ratio as a marker of @entity32 . However, combining the @entity880 -to- @entity2388 ratio with pulmonary compliance provides more insight into the progression of the injury and its severity. Magn Reson Med, 2017.    2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

title: In vivo imaging of the progression of XXXX using hyperpolarized [1-(13) C] pyruvate.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: Abstract Background: Symptoms of @entity308 can be recurrent or limited to one episode. This study discusses the prospective association between psychological health, measured as change in @entity308 symptoms, and the risk of @entity6 in Australian @entity1 . Methods: Data obtained from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy. @entity308 was measured using the Delusions-Symptoms: States Inventory. To examine possible transitions over time, @entity308 was grouped into four categories and assessed at different phases over the 21-year period. Multiple logistic regression models and sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of our analytical strategy were performed. Results: Three hundred and one @entity1 reported @entity6 21 years after the index pregnancy. Almost one-third of the @entity1 who reported @entity308 symptoms continued to report these at a subsequent follow-up (FU) phase. About 1 in 20 @entity1 who had not reported @entity308 symptoms at the 5-year FU did so at the subsequent 14-year FU. In prospective analyses, we did not find a significant association between @entity6 and negative change (not depressed to depressed, at subsequent phase); however, for @entity1 with positive history of symptoms of @entity308 and @entity1 with persistent symptoms, there was a 1.97-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-3.40) to 2.23-fold (95% CI: 1.09-4.57) greater risk of @entity6 . Conclusions: Our study suggests that an increased risk of @entity6 is significantly associated with persistent @entity308 symptoms. It highlights the importance of recognizing @entity308 symptoms in terms of @entity1 's psychological wellbeing and thus provides a basis for targeting those most at risk.

title: Psychological Health and the Risk of @entity6 in Australian XXXX : A 21-Year Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: AIMS: @entity310 inhibitors are considered relatively safe in pregnancy but experience is still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of major @entity600 , @entity600 and reduced birth weight after first trimester exposure to @entity310 inhibitors. METHODS: Pregnancy outcomes of @entity1 on adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept, certolizumab pegol or golimumab were evaluated in a prospective observational cohort study and compared with outcomes of a non-exposed random sample. The samples were drawn from pregnancies identified by institutes collaborating in the European Network of Teratology Information Services. RESULTS: In total, 495 exposed and 1532 comparison pregnancies were contributed from nine countries. The risk of major @entity600 was increased in the exposed (5.0%) compared with the non-exposed group (1.5%; adjusted odds ratio (ORadj ) 2.2, 95% CI 1.0, 4.8). The risk of @entity600 was increased (17.6%; ORadj 1.69, 95% CI 1.1, 2.5), but not the risk of @entity2208 (16.2%; adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj ] 1.06, 95% CI 0.7, 1.7). Birth weights adjusted for gestational age and sex were significantly lower in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed cohort (P   =   0.02). As a diseased comparison group was not possible to ascertain, the influence of disease and treatment on birth weight and @entity600 could not be differentiated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity310 inhibitors may carry a risk of adverse pregnancy outcome of moderate clinical relevance. Considering the impact of insufficiently controlled autoimmune disease on the mother and the unborn @entity1 , @entity310 inhibitors may nevertheless be a treatment option in @entity1 with severe disease refractory to established immunomodulatory drugs.

title: Pregnancy outcome after XXXX inhibitor therapy during the first trimester: a prospective multicentre cohort study.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion, preterm birth', 'preterm birth', 'birth defects']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-a']


abstract: @entity1466 is a highly malignant germ cell @entity5 sub-entity thought to originate from the placenta. The aim of this review is to alert clinicians to clinical symptoms and course of neonatal/ @entity1466 in order to improve the prognosis of affected @entity1 by early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The clinical details of all 30 cases according to a Medline literature search including two cases documented in the MAKEI germ cell @entity5 study are analysed. @entity1 suffering from @entity1466 become symptomatic at a median age of 1 month (range 0 days-5 months). @entity1109 with decreasing incidence are @entity417 , @entity177 to thrive, @entity382 , haemoptysis or @entity1576 , there may be signs of precocious puberty. The @entity5 affected more than one organ in most cases; organs involved were liver (23/30 cases, 77%), lung (20/30, 67%), brain (8/30, 27%), or skin (3/30, 10%). The natural disease course is rapidly fatal. Without appropriate anti-neoplastic treatment, infantile @entity204 occurs on average within 3 weeks from first presentation with a high rate of post-mortem diagnoses (9/28, 32% of live born @entity1 ). In recent years, five reported @entity1 (5/30, 18%) achieved a sustained remission after multi-agent @entity900 -based chemotherapy and delayed (4/5) or primary @entity5 resection (1/5). beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin was universally elevated in 19/19 tested @entity1 . @entity1466 was reported in 17 of the 30 cases. CONCLUSION: The differential diagnosis of infantile @entity417 , @entity1578 should include @entity1466 and prompt measurement of beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin.

title: Unexplained @entity417 and XXXX to thrive as initial symptoms of @entity1466 : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile choriocarcinoma', 'Maternal choriocarcinoma', 'infantile choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Typical early symptoms']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['failure to thrive and liver enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['failure']


abstract: Noninvasive macro- and microcirculatory tests provide quantitative information that offers answers to most questions posed in @entity66 . Duplex scanning is used to assess the macrocirculation, and microcirculatory methods are used to assess and quantify @entity455 . Laser Doppler flowmetry is used to assess perfusion. Transcutaneous @entity4095 and Pco(2) measurements are used to study @entity101 , and strain-gauge plethysmography is used to assess capillary filtration. In @entity101 , fluid filtration into the extracapillary compartment is increased. The increase in filtration is associated with a decreased venoarteriolar response. To quantify capillary filtration, two methods have been developed: venous occlusion plethysmography and rate of @entity4 . These methods quantify filtration into the extracapillary compartment and, therefore, are an indication of the formation of @entity4 , the most frequent sign in @entity101 . Other methods, such as the vacuum suction chamber and the @entity4 tester, can be used to assess changes due to treatments in @entity101 . The techniques described in this article should be used in controlled environmental conditions

title: Methods of evaluation and quantification of @entity455 in high perfusion XXXX (chronic venous insufficiency and diabetic microangiopathy).

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['venous microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous diseases']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['ankle swelling', 'edema']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['microangiopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lyme disease is caused by @entity281 with the bacterium @entity2069 (Bb), which is transmitted to @entity1 by @entity3966 . The @entity281 manifests usually as a rash and minor systemic symptoms; however, the bacteria can spread to other tissues, causing joint @entity158 , @entity2401 , and @entity16 . @entity9144 presents itself in several ways, such as @entity4401 , @entity693 , and @entity198 . The molecular basis for @entity9144 is poorly understood. Analysis of the changes in the expression levels of messenger RNAs and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, following Bb @entity281 could therefore provide vital information on the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of @entity9144 . To this end, we used cultured primary @entity1 astrocytes, key responders to CNS @entity281 and important components of the blood-brain barrier, as a model system to study RNA and microRNA changes in the CNS caused by Bb. Using whole transcriptome RNA-seq, we found significant changes in 38 microRNAs and 275 mRNAs at 24 and 48 hours following Bb @entity281 . Several of the RNA changes affect pathways involved in immune response, development, chromatin assembly (including histones) and cell adhesion. Further, several of the microRNA predicted target mRNAs were also differentially regulated. Overall, our results indicate that exposure to Bb causes significant changes to the transcriptome and microRNA profile of astrocytes, which has implications in the pathogenesis, and hence potential treatment strategies to combat this disease.

title: MicroRNA and mRNA Transcriptome Profiling in Primary @entity1 Astrocytes Infected with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme neuroborreliosis', 'neuroborreliosis']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2069 :: (139,Species) :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Much of the observed familial clustering of @entity5344 cannot be explained by mutations in @entity5345 and @entity2674 . Several other @entity5 susceptibility genes have been identified, but their value in routine clinical genetic testing is still unclear. Germline mutations in @entity24717 have been identified in about 1% of @entity5344 families. @entity24717 mutations are predominantly found in families with a history of @entity43 and are rare in families with a history of @entity0 alone. @entity24717 is primarily an @entity43 susceptibility gene. A mutation is present in approximately 1% of unselected @entity43 . Among mutation carriers, the lifetime risk of @entity43 is approximately 9%. The average age at onset is approximately 60   years; this suggests that preventive oophorectomy can be delayed until after natural menopause. Under current guidelines, genetic testing for @entity24717 is expected to have a limited impact on @entity43 incidence at a population level. This is because the penetrance is 9% to age 80; the great majority of families with mutations would be represented by a single case of @entity43 , these are potentially preventable through population screening but not through screening of established @entity43 families.

title: Genetic testing for XXXX mutations: in the clinic and community.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary breast and ovarian cancer', 'breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity24717 :: (5889,Gene) :: ['RAD51C']


abstract: @entity150 is a common @entity5 for which regional or metastatic disease is identified at diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity440 ( @entity16235 ), an @entity172 receptor (ER) antagonist, can sensitize @entity150 cell lines to @entity136 ( @entity14113 ) chemotherapy. @entity1782 and @entity1783 protein levels were determined in each cell line using western blot analysis. The TCC-Sup, 5637, and RT4 @entity150 cells were exposed to various concentrations and regimens of @entity16235 or @entity14113 alone or in combination. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by @entity2454 assay and @entity2667 followed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was then evaluated by western blot analysis. Treated TCC-Sup cells were subjected to soft agar colony formation assay to determine the cellular transformation. Western blot analysis results revealed ER expression in the three cell lines. TCC-Sup and 5637  cells treated with a combination of @entity16235 and @entity14113 had lower cell viabilities than those treated with @entity16235 or @entity14113 alone for 72  h in TCC-Sup and 5637. Compared with the other treatments, sequential @entity14113 followed by @entity16235 ( @entity14113 > @entity16235 ) treatment caused the largest increase in DNA fragmentation at 72  h in TCC-Sup cells. Western blot analysis results revealed that this sequential @entity14113 > @entity16235 treatment increased @entity12874 polymerase cleavage in TCC-Sup cells. Sequential @entity14113 > @entity16235 inhibited the cell transformation in TCC-Sup cells. In conclusion, sequential @entity14113 > @entity16235 enhanced the @entity137 of @entity14113 in  vitro. This regimen be useful to enhance the efficacy of @entity14113 in @entity150 . However, future in  vivo studies are required to verify the results.

title: Sequential XXXX and @entity440 treatment enhances apoptosis and blocks transformation in @entity150 cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ADP-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Preclinical studies to assess biodistribution, safety, and initial efficacy of ART-I02, an adeno-associated type 5 (rAAV5) vector expressing @entity1 interferon b ( @entity2391 ), were performed in a total of 24 @entity2608 with collagen-induced @entity625 . All monkeys were na  ve or showed limited neutralizing antibody 1 titers to @entity21481 at the start of the study. Animals were injected with a single intra-articular dose of ART-I02 or placebo, consisting of 3.2x1013 vg (Dose A = maximum feasible dose (MFD)), 4.58x1012 vg (Dose B), or placebo in the first affected finger joint, the ipsilateral knee, and ankle joint at the same time point. Animals were monitored for clinical parameters and wellbeing with a maximum of 4 weeks, with the option that the severity of @entity625 could necessitate an earlier time point of sacrifice. No adverse events were noted after injection of ART-I02. No abnormalities were observed after histological evaluation of all organs. At both dose levels, immunohistochemical staining indicated expression of @entity2391 . In animals injected with Dose A, we observed stabilisation or a reduction in @entity4 in the finger joint in which vector was administered. The highest copy numbers of vector DNA were detected in synovial tissue of the injected joint and the draining lymph node of the injected knee. High titers of Nab to rAAV5 were observed at the end of the study. Five monkeys developed an rAAV5-specific T cell response. Two monkeys developed Nab to @entity2391 . In conclusion, intra-articular injection of ART-I02 was well-tolerated and did not induce adverse events. After administration of Dose A of ART-I02, we observed a beneficial effect on joint @entity4 , substantiated by decreased histological @entity4421 scores. A GMP vector for clinical application has been manufactured and is currently being tested in GLP rodent studies, with the aim to move forward to a clinical trial.

title: SAFETY, BIODISTRIBUTION, AND EFFICACY OF AN @entity21481 VECTOR ENCODING @entity1 INTERFERON-BETA (ART-I02) DELIVERED VIA INTRA-ARTICULAR INJECTION IN XXXX WITH COLLAGEN-INDUCED ARTHRITIS.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity4421 :: ('MESH:D010000', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation and bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['RHESUS MONKEYS']


abstract: A 34-year-old @entity1 was admitted with his unsteady gait, difficulty in speech and a paroxysmal severe @entity10 accompanied with sensori-motor disturbance of the right extremities and aphasic symptom. His family history was unremarkable. His unsteadiness has progressed very slowly from childhood. He noted to be inarticulate at the age of 18 years. At the age of 33 years, he suddenly had an attack of severe throbbing @entity10 , which was mainly left parietal, with @entity390 and @entity3917 . During the @entity10 , his right extremities were paralyzed and he became aphasic. He had lost a partial memory of the event All these symptoms had gone within 24 hours. Thereafter, the same @entity10 occurred about once a month. Neurological examination revealed a mild @entity2055 and @entity2055 . Electroencephalography (EEG) showed intermittent delta waves restricted over the left fronto-temporal region. Brain MRI showed a moderate @entity194 of superior cerebellar vermis and @entity76 . The diagnosis of @entity63140 ( @entity63140 ) with @entity6447 was made. Our case was very similar to @entity2795 ( @entity2795 ) 1, of which some families are accompanied with @entity2730 , @entity6447 and EEG abnormality. Although we did not detect any mutations in @entity10598 gene previously reported in FHM1, our case might share same pathogenesis with FHM1.

title: [Case of @entity63140 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['FHM', 'familial hemiplegic migraine']

entities_list: @entity63140 :: ('MESH:C563405', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic hemiplegic migraine', 'SHM']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['transient amnesia']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['anterior cerebellar lobe']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxic dysarthria', 'truncal ataxia']

answer: @entity6447 :: (MESH:D002524,Disease) :: ['cerebellar ataxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite increasing knowledge and technological advances, @entity1 continue to experience @entity158 and @entity148 in the postoperative setting. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to examine how nurses managed @entity1 ' @entity158 and @entity148 within the gastro-surgical hospital setting. METHODS: An observational design was selected to examine nurses' management of postoperative @entity1 ' @entity158 and @entity148 . Six nurses who were involved in direct @entity1 care in one of two gastro-surgical wards in a public teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia, were randomly selected to participate. The observation period comprised a fixed 2-hour segment, and each nurse was observed on three different occasions. FINDINGS: @entity1 assessment was a major concern for @entity1 , which was influenced by the modes of assessment used, @entity1 ' medical condition and operation procedure, and their self-reports of @entity158 or @entity148 . Communication with health care professionals and policy and protocol concerns also affected nurses' @entity158 and @entity148 management decisions. Formal communication through the multidisciplinary ward round tended to be somewhat fragmented, as the medical consultant did not seek out the bedside nurse. Nurses had good knowledge of unit policies and protocols and, while attempting to enforce them, spent considerable time encouraging medical colleagues to abide by these guidelines. Finally, nurses made complex clinical judgements which extended beyond the administration of analgesics or antianxiety drugs. STUDY LIMITATIONS: It is possible that nurses demonstrated a raised awareness of how they managed @entity1 ' @entity158 and @entity148 during observation periods. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed the importance of examining the complexities of the clinical context in determining how nurses manage @entity158 and @entity148 in the postoperative setting.

title: XXXX and @entity148 management in the postoperative gastro-surgical setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Sabra @entity19 (n = 232) received @entity109 ( @entity13100 ) during the period of their prenatal development (PB group), or during the period of their neonatal development (NB group). PB @entity19 received the barbiturate transplacentally by feeding their mothers @entity13100 in their diet (3 g/kg food) on gestation days 9-18. NB @entity19 received daily injections of @entity13100 on postnatal days 2-21. On postnatal days 28-31 subjects were tested for their susceptibility to @entity410 . Only 10% of the PB @entity19 seized, a rate similar to the 13% of controls. However, the @entity410 rate of NB @entity19 was three times higher than controls (37%, p less than 0.001). Sample groups were kept until day 50 and their brains removed and saved for quantitative histological analysis of the hippocampal neurons. In PB @entity19 , there was only a small deficit in the number of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons compared to controls (15%, p less than 0.01), and no deficit in the granule cells. On the other hand, NB @entity19 sustained a 35% deficit in the number of the pyramidal cells (p less than 0.001) and a 21% deficit in the granule cells (p less than 0.01). The sensitive period for the @entity528 corresponded with the sensitive period for changes in @entity410 . Although other parts of the brain are also involved in @entity410 , the correlationi of the @entity410 with the hippocampus is important because the hippocampus is one of the major structures determining @entity410 .

title: XXXX and @entity528 following early exposure to barbiturate.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'audiogenic seizures']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Audiogenic seizures']


abstract: It is important to be objective in selecting candidates for this procedure and in evaluating their outcome. The size of the prostate does not seem to be relevant. Alpha blockers and balloons still produce unpredictable results, and neither alternative duplicates the results of transurethral resection. If, however, the @entity1 is not in serious voiding trouble and is willing to exercise genuine patience, one approach could be a blocker if he has early symptoms and is not in trouble; otherwise, use the balloon. When either or both fail, TURP is required if the @entity1 's condition permits, for TURP remains the standard. Objective assessment with an open mind is essential. @entity384 is a safe, simple, but unpredictable alternative to transurethral resection. It may be done on an ambulatory basis, although it requires anesthesia, and has led to neither @entity323 or @entity322 . It may be performed on the limited-risk @entity1 . It has succeeded in two thirds of @entity1 in retention or who did not respond to alpha blockers. Nonetheless, objective measures of success rarely duplicate those regularly achieved by TURP.

title: XXXX of the prostate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Balloon dilatation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1 hippocampus becomes visible during the first trimester and folds to form the hippocampal fissure (HF) in the second trimester. The walls of this fissure fuse by 30 weeks, although small residual cavities can occur if development is disrupted. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if hippocampal fissures are evident in @entity161 . A second goal was to assess the association between HF size and premorbid and clinical features of the illness. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained on 33 @entity1 with first-episode @entity161 and 19 healthy volunteers. Hippocampal fissures were measured using semi-automated procedures, and hippocampi were manually traced. Birth history and premorbid functioning were assessed using maternal report. RESULTS: @entity1 had a significantly larger mean HF volume and a nonsignificantly smaller hippocampal volume. Hippocampal fissure size was significantly associated with poor educational achievement and with @entity308 symptoms during the onset of illness. Smaller hippocampal size was associated with poor premorbid adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Larger HF size and an association between low educational achievement and enlarged HFs suggest abnormal neurodevelopment in @entity161 . The association between HF size and @entity308 symptoms suggests that @entity75 underlying @entity384 may be a predisposing factor for increased stress sensitivity.

title: Developmental abnormalities of the hippocampus in first-episode XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['HF dilatation']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']