abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteolytic @entity79 caused by increase of osteolytic activity is a major manifestation of @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). @entity5279 ( @entity5279 ) inhibits osteoclastic activity and reduces bone resorption. METHODS: Since October 1995 the efficacy of @entity5279 is evaluated in @entity1582 @entity1 all receiving anti- @entity1582 chemotherapy acc. to VMCP/VBAP alternating regimen. 46 @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity690 were randomized to receive either @entity5279 (Aredia; Novartis) 60 mg i.v. in 4-hour infusion monthly (n = 23) or chemotherapy alone (control group n = 23). Estimation of performance status, quality of life, @entity158 score, analgesic consumption, serum @entity460 concentration and twenty four-hours @entity460 excretion, urine @entity460 / @entity1011 ratio is done at least once a month (before @entity5279 administration) while X-ray skeletal survey--before treatment and then every six months. RESULTS: In the first months of treatment apparent reduction of @entity158 occurred. Hypercalcaemia was revealed in 6 @entity1 at entry into the study. In 5 of these @entity1 @entity5279 restored and maintained normocalcaemia for a median 6 months. In 3 @entity1 an aggressive plasma cell proliferation was accompanied by reoccurrence of hypercalcaemia. At skeletal X-ray examination performed after 6 and 12 cycles of @entity5279 and by comparing each of consecutive imaging with previous one the progression of @entity3061 was respectively found in 67% and 39% of @entity1 . In the control group corresponding figures were: 79% and 70%. The mean number of skeletal events (pathologic @entity174 , @entity1745 ) per year was lower in the @entity5279 group (1.82) than in control- @entity1 (2.72), p < 0.013. The proportion of @entity1 who developed skeletal event (excluding @entity174 ) was lower in the @entity5279 group -34% v 52%. Adverse events of @entity5279 : hypocalcaemia (< 2 mmol/l) observed in 7 @entity1 occurred in particular @entity1 beginning from 2 to 7 days after drug administration. In 2 @entity1 hypocalcaemia that appeared in 24 hours after drug infusion was accompanied by blood pressure decrease; in one case systolic blood pressure dropped up to 60 mmHg, in the other one--to 90 mmHg. @entity158 and fever up to 39 degrees C (transient and self-limiting " @entity683 like syndrom") occurred in 5 @entity1 , in two @entity1 after several hours and in three other--after some dozens of hours from drug administration. In one case hypertransaminasaemia was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In the first year of treatment monthly intravenous @entity5279 administration as an adjunct to chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity1582 with @entity3061 is an efficient approach in prevention and treatment of hyperacalcaemia, @entity5200 and @entity158 . It also shows some preventive effect on @entity79 occurrence.

title: Effect of @entity5279 on skeletal morbidity in XXXX . Part 1. The results of the first 12 months of @entity5279 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate', 'pamidronate', 'Pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['MM', 'multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction', 'bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['radiation to bone and spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'pain', 'Muscular pain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium', 'calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myelomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if race/ethnicity-based differences exist in the management of pediatric @entity490 in @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: Secondary analysis of data from the 2006-2009 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey regarding 2298 visits by @entity1  <= 21 years old who presented to @entity341 with @entity490 . Main outcomes were documentation of @entity158 score and receipt of any analgesics, analgesics for severe @entity158 (defined as >=  7 on a 10-point scale), and narcotic analgesics. Secondary outcomes included diagnostic tests obtained, length of stay (LOS), 72-hour return visits, and admission. RESULTS: Of @entity1 visits, 70.1% were female, 52.6% were from non-Hispanic white, 23.5% were from @entity7864 , 20.6% were from Hispanic, and 3.3% were from "other" racial/ethnic groups; @entity1 ' mean age was 14.5 years. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for confounders revealed that @entity7864 @entity1 were less likely to receive any analgesic (odds ratio [OR]: 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-0.87) or a narcotic analgesic (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.18-0.81) than non-Hispanic white @entity1 (referent group). This finding was also true for @entity7864 and "other" race/ethnicity @entity1 with severe @entity158 (ORs [95% CI]: 0.43 [0.22-0.87] and 0.02 [0.00-0.19], respectively). @entity7864 and Hispanic @entity1 were more likely to have a prolonged LOS than non-Hispanic white @entity1 (ORs [95% CI]: 1.68 [1.13-2.51] and 1.64 [1.09-2.47], respectively). No significant race/ethnicity-based disparities were identified in documentation of @entity158 score, use of diagnostic procedures, 72-hour return visits, or hospital admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Race/ethnicity-based disparities exist in ED analgesic use and LOS for pediatric @entity490 . Recognizing these disparities may help investigators eliminate inequalities in care.

title: Association of race and ethnicity with management of XXXX in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic black', 'Non-Hispanic black']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate tolerance of @entity7842 in older @entity1 with @entity551 . DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTING: @entity1163 clinic. @entity1 : 64 Consecutive @entity1 over 65 years (mean age 80 years) with one or more @entity551 ( @entity551 , vasodepressor carotid sinus @entity1163 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity7842 in daily doses of 100 micrograms [corrected] (72%), 50 micrograms [corrected] (27%), and 200 micrograms [corrected] (one @entity1 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adverse events, treatment withdrawal. RESULTS: During follow up 13 @entity1 died of unrelated causes. Of the remainder 33% discontinued @entity7842 at a mean of five months. Reasons for discontinuing treatment were @entity101 , five; @entity712 , four; @entity308 , three; @entity4 , three; and unspecified, two. In those who continued treatment supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not differ significantly from baseline (follow up two to 21 months). Hypokalaemia developed in 24% at a mean of eight months; in no case was treatment withdrawn because of hypokalaemia. CONCLUSION: @entity7842 , even in low doses, is poorly tolerated in the long term in older @entity1 with @entity551 .

title: @entity7842 in the treatment of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope, and/or vasodepressor neurocardiogenic syncope', 'Syncope']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension', 'hypotensive disorders']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone', 'Fludrocortisone']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotensive disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop standardized comorbidity measures for use in @entity64 outcome research. DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical records to analyze comorbidities and to study reliability and validity of the newly developed measures, comorbidity index (CI), and weighted comorbidity index (w-CI). SETTING: Tertiary rehabilitation center in Japan. @entity1 : 106 @entity64 @entity1 , age 56.5 +/- 13.2 yr, admitted and discharged during the year from May 1994 to December 1995. The median days of duration of @entity64 , onset to admission, and length of stay (LOS) were 199, 83, and 105.5, respectively. The median admission and discharge @entity177 ( @entity177 ) raw scores were 85 and 110, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Assessment of interrater reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for total scores and weighted kappa for subscores; assessment of concurrent validity by relating the measures to Charlson's comorbidity index, total numbers of medications, laboratory studies, therapeutic interventions, consultations, and days of interruption (Spearman's rank correlation method); study of predictive validity with discharge @entity177 score and LOS as dependent variables. RESULTS: The ICCs were .896 for CI and .997 for w-CI, and weighted kappa ranged from .615 to 1.00. CI and w-CI correlated significantly with Charlson index and the above indices of validity. They also correlated negatively with discharge @entity177 scores and positively with LOS. With stepwise multiple regression analysis, 79.8% of the variance of discharge @entity177 scores could be explained by w-CI, days from onset to admission, admission @entity177 score, and deviation in tape bisection task. CONCLUSION: The newly developed comorbidity measures are reliable and valid for use in @entity64 outcome research.

title: Comorbidity measures for XXXX outcome research: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Analgesics are commonly used to provide @entity158 relief after surgery. These drugs produce some extended @entity308 of immunity. A prospective randomized controlled trial was designed to observe expressions of T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3(+), CD3(+) @entity404 (+) and CD3(+) @entity405 (+)), natural-killer cells (CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+)), and activated T-lymphocytes (CD3(+)CD25(+)) of @entity1 undergoing @entity356 surgeries and receiving @entity1 -controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 undergoing elective @entity356 surgeries under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group I received PCIA using @entity1286 after surgery, group II using @entity1340 , and group III using @entity1340 with @entity12802 . The analgesic efficacy was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) and Bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS). Expressions of CD3(+), CD3(+) @entity404 (+), CD3(+) @entity405 (+), CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+), and CD3(+)CD25(+) were measured as percentages of total lymphocytes by flow cytometer at 5 time points. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in analgesic efficacy and the baselines of CD3(+), CD3(+) @entity404 (+), CD3(+) @entity405 (+), CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+), and CD3(+)CD25(+) in all groups. Compared with the baseline, CD3(+) @entity405 (+) had no changes in all groups at any time point. Ninety minutes after incision, CD3(+), CD3(+) @entity404 (+), CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+), and CD3(+)CD25(+) were lower in all groups (P<0.05). 24 h after surgery, CD3(+), CD3(+) @entity404 (+), CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+), and CD3(+)CD25(+) were lower in group I and group II (P<0.05); meanwhile CD3(+), CD3(+) @entity404 (+), and CD3(+)CD25(+) returned to the baseline but CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+) was still low (P<0.05) in group III. 48 h after surgery, CD3(+), CD3(+) @entity404 (+), CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+), and CD3(+)CD25(+) returned to the baseline in group II and group III, but not in group I (P<0.05). 72 h after surgery, CD3(+), CD3(+) @entity404 (+), CD3(+) @entity404 (+)/CD3(+) @entity405 (+) returned to the baseline, but CD3(+)CD25(+) and CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+) were still low in group I (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: PCIA using @entity12802 with @entity1340 has the same good analgesic efficacy and less immunity @entity308 than PCIA using @entity1286 or @entity1340 .

title: Which has the least immunity @entity308 during postoperative analgesia-- XXXX , @entity1340 , or @entity1340 with @entity12802 ?

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity12802 :: ('MESH:C059451', 'Chemical') :: ['lornoxicam']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: @entity2647 induces endothelium-independent rhythmic contractions in @entity8452 -treated @entity95 mesenteric arteries. To elucidate the ionic mechanism of this rhythmic behaviour, @entity95 mesenteric arterial rings were suspended in an organ chamber for isometric tension studies. @entity3160 , @entity1169 , and @entity3897 had no effect on these contractions, minimizing the possibility that transmitter release from nerve terminals was involved. Additionally, the oscillatory contractions were not altered by @entity3933 , @entity4444 , and @entity3352 , thus ruling out the involvement of @entity112 and @entity2918 . This oscillatory response was completely abolished after the removal of extracellular @entity141 , as well as after @entity141 channel blockade by @entity3988 or @entity594 . @entity5127 and @entity5126 , @entity141 -activated K+ channel blockade by @entity3988 or @entity594 . @entity5127 and @entity5126 , @entity141 -activated K+ channel antagonists, also abolished the oscillation. In contrast, @entity5128 and @entity5129 , voltage-dependent K+ channel antagonists, augmented the response. @entity5217 , an antagonist of the @entity855 -sensitive K+ channel, had no effect on the rhythmic contractions. These results suggest that the rhythmic contractions observed in @entity95 mesenteric arteries after @entity8452 treatment were caused by the movement of @entity141 and K+ across the plasmalemma via the voltage-dependent @entity141 channel and the @entity141 -activated K+ channel, respectively.

title: The ionic mechanism of XXXX -induced rhythmic contractions in @entity95 mesenteric arteries treated with @entity8452 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['Glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity5127 :: ('MESH:D013034', 'Chemical') :: ['Sparteine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity5129 :: ('MESH:C016361', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4-diaminopyridine']

answer: @entity2647 :: (MESH:D010656,Chemical) :: ['phenylephrine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the causality between @entity530 formation and intrauterine device (IUD) use through a clinical study in a hospital. METHOD: Sixty-two pelvic abscesses were retrospectively evaluated over a 7-year period. @entity1 records retrieved for the @entity1 enrolled in this study consisted of demographic characteristics, duration of IUD use and clinical management details. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were monogamous Muslim @entity1 without any suspicious sexual contacts, immunosupressive states, or drug use at the time of IUD insertion. In 10 cases (16.1%), a history of pelvic surgery was present. The mean age of the @entity1 was 36.1 +/- 2.3 years (range 19-50 years). Of the 62 @entity1 , 14 (22.6%) were current IUD users. The mean time interval for @entity1 using IUD prior to the diagnosis of @entity530 was 5.7 +/- 1.2 years (range 1-14 years). In all cases, a pelvic mass and @entity490 constituted the referral signs and symptoms. All @entity1 received an initial antibiotic regimen comprising penicillin (24 mU/day), @entity3402 (900 mg/day) and @entity801 (240 mg/day) in divided doses. In 38 cases (61.3%), medical treatment yielded a satisfactory clinical outcome, defined as a decreas in mass volume together with @entity158 relief and a @entity491 . Twenty-four cases (38.7%) underwent a subsequent surgical procedure, either laparotomy (n = 19) or laparoscopy (n = 5). The type of surgery ranged from abscess drainage to more radical approaches such as total abdominal hysterectomy and/or unilateral or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. There were no differences between those @entity1 responding to medical therapy and those who did not respond in terms of mean age, percentage of past pelvic surgery, gravidity, parity and the size of @entity530 . CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of @entity1 with an IUD were diagnosed as having a @entity530 within a 7-year period at the university clinic. Despite current knowledge that pelvic @entity32 and @entity530 are rarely encountered in long-term IUD users, the presence of an IUD should be investigated in cases with an initial diagnosis of @entity530 based on clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation, demonstrating mostly acquisition via @entity2953 .

title: XXXX in intrauterine device users.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted disease']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['Pelvic abscess']


abstract: One of the systems under investigation for producing @entity221 noninvasively for treating @entity5 is the annular phased array. This device consists of two rings of eight electromagnetic apertures that are placed concentrically about the long axis of the @entity1 and radiate energy toward the center. Previous theoretical and clinical studies have concentrated primarily on systems where the amplitude and phase of the signal applied to each aperture were the same, and these studies have shown that the system is capable of depositing power deep within the @entity1 . Nevertheless, in many situations the system was not capable of producing desirable temperature distributions in the @entity5 and normal tissue. In this paper we report on a 2-dimensional theoretical investigation where an optimization routine was used to select the amplitude and phases of each of eight apertures. The optimization procedure and resulting calculations were based on CT scans of @entity1 with @entity5 . The electrical and thermal properties of the different organs and tissues were taken into account. The optimization routine tried to achieve uniform absorbed power in the @entity5 region with zero absorbed power outside. Using the optimized amplitudes and phases, the SAR (specific absorption rate, W/kg) was calculated for the array. The results show that in general the optimization procedure was successful in that the power deposited within the @entity5 volume was increased with less power deposited into normal tissue when compared to the equal amplitude and phase case. This SAR data was then used as the input to a program based on the bioheat transfer equation, which calculated the temperature distribution in the @entity1 model for an assumed set of blood perfusion rates. Depending on the location, size of the @entity5 , and blood perfusion rates, the improvement in the percentage of the @entity5 brought to therapeutic temperature varied from 0% to as much as 80%.

title: Optimization of the absorbed power distribution for an annular phased array XXXX system.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'deep-seated tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: This open label study determined the outcome of non- @entity791 progressive @entity7578 @entity1 treated with a standard dose of intravenous @entity2592 . Nineteen @entity1 with @entity15629 proven by brain biopsy or spinal fluid polymerase chain reaction were treated with intravenous @entity2592 2 mg/kg per day for 5 days and followed for neurologic outcome by neurologic examination and MRI scanning. Seven of 19 @entity15629 @entity1 treated with @entity2592 intravenously improved neurologically. The range of follow-up for these @entity1 was 2.0 to 4.5 years. All were left with @entity51 but were functionally improved, and 6 of 7 were able to independently carry out the activities of daily living. Twelve @entity15629 @entity1 showed no evidence of response and died rapidly of their disease after treatment (range, 8 days to 6 months). All who survived their neurologic disease recovered from treatment-induced @entity3043 . @entity2592 given intravenously to non- @entity791 @entity15629 @entity1 in this small study was associated with a 36% chance of developing stabilization at 1 year. Treatment was associated with significant @entity236 . The improvement in MRI scan changes in those @entity1 who responded took 6 weeks or longer.

title: Treatment of non- @entity791 progressive @entity7578 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside', 'Cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity7578 :: ('MESH:D007968', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['cytosine arabinoside']


abstract: A reproducible experimental model of @entity1320 in @entity35 has been developed in order to stimulate @entity295 in @entity1 . Preoperatively, the @entity35 were fed with lean ground beef for two weeks in order to change the intestinal flora to one similar to that of @entity1 . @entity11630 -cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and intestinal continuity was re-established by an end-to-end @entity254 . The segment of ileum was then returned to the abdominal cavity. This experimental model was used to compare the efficacy of @entity2177 alone and in combination with @entity3402 with the combination @entity801 and @entity3402 in the treatment of @entity1320 . Eighty per cent of the untreated animals died within four days. Within six days, 30% of the animals receiving @entity2177 died. Animals treated with @entity2177 plus @entity3402 or @entity801 plus @entity3402 had a significantly decreased mortality and increased cure rates during the experimental period. Only 5% of these animals died. Thus the combination of @entity2177 and @entity3402 seems to be as successful as @entity801 plus @entity2177 in the treatment of @entity1320 .

title: Effect of XXXX compared to @entity801 in the treatment of experimental @entity1320 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal infections']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1086 have advanced, unresectable @entity5 at the time of presentation and face a dismal prognosis in the absence of a standard palliative chemotherapy regimen. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined chemotherapy of @entity136 and @entity3003 in 20 @entity1 with advanced @entity1086 . METHODS: The criteria of eligibility included chemonaive @entity1 with unresectable @entity1086 , bidimensionally measurable disease, Zubrod's performance status < or = 2, and adequate major organ function. The @entity1 received @entity136 (1000 mg/m2) on days 1 and 8, and @entity3003 (target AUC of 5.0 mg/ml) on day 1, in a 21-day cycle. CT was used for response assessment. RESULTS: In this group of 20 @entity1 with advanced @entity1086 6 were @entity1 and 14 @entity1 , with a median age of 55 years. The stage of the @entity5 at presentation was IVB in 14 @entity1 (70%), @entity3480 in 3 (15%) and III in 3 (15%). Four @entity1 (21%) achieved a complete response, and 3 (15.7%), a partial response; an overall response rate was 36.7%. The median time to progression of the @entity5 was 33.8 weeks, and 1-year survival rate of the @entity1 was 43.3%. @entity417 of WHO grade III or IV was seen in 2 @entity1 (10%) and 1 @entity1 (5%), respectively. Grade III @entity1398 and @entity882 were observed in 2 @entity1 (10%) and 1 @entity1 (5%), respectively. CONCLUSION: With mild @entity137 , combined chemotherapy of @entity136 and @entity3003 is effective in the treatment of advanced @entity1086 .

title: A phase II study of @entity136 and XXXX combination chemotherapy in @entity1086 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the gallbladder', 'gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: The great heterogeneity of clinical @entity0 probably reflects heterogeneity of the mechanisms that are involved in its genesis and in disease progression. Genetic events that may be critical for @entity5 etiology, may determine @entity5 characteristics, and may contribute to @entity5 evolution should differ among individuals and among individual @entity5 and may distinguish subgroups with varying prognoses. We approach this problem from two viewpoints: one is based on population studies and the other on genetic events at the cellular level. 1. Population-based questions: What susceptibility factors are associated with individuals and groups who develop @entity5 ? Inheritance patterns, familial aggregates, and associations with other @entity5 and other @entity74 have been described for @entity0 . @entity5 may be examples of inherited predisposition, and their clinical and biological characteristics should be informative. Are there associations with @entity5 identifiers, such as histologic type and other @entity5 markers, for any of the "increased susceptibility" states? 2. Tumor-derived information: What types and frequencies of genetic alterations are found; do they relate to stage of @entity5 evolution, to morphologic classification, or to clinical evidence of @entity5 ? Genetic evaluation depends upon cytogenetic and cytometric methods at the cellular level, and on detection of mutation, gene deletion, or amplification at the molecular level. We examine whether observed genetic alterations suggest mechanistic bases for morphologic distinctions among @entity0 and whether they assist in defining clinical phenotypes or steps in @entity5 progression. The general conclusions are that @entity0 comprises a complex set of @entity5 , that there is as yet little evidence to favor a final common pathway for its origin, and that a wide range of biological perturbations underlie its clinical course in the individual @entity1 . An understanding of the basic mechanisms, their variety, and which of them apply in individual cases, is necessary as a rational basis for classification and for the development of strategies to interfere with @entity5 development in high-risk individuals.

title: Genetic events in XXXX and their clinical correlates.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Bilateral and multifocal tumors', 'comparative malignancy', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Between April 1988 and August 1989, 30 @entity320 @entity1 were entered in a multicentre Phase II study of @entity2699 ( @entity2699 ) 850 mg/m2 i.v. bolus on day 1, and recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) (Cetus) 18 x 10(6) IU/m2/day i.v. continuous infusion on days 4-9. Six treatment cycles were given: the first two at an interval of 13 days, and further cycles at intervals of 20 days. Twenty @entity1 are currently evaluable for @entity137 and 18 for response. Two of these @entity1 presented with metastatic @entity320 . Median age was 48 years (range 18-83), and median Karnofsky index was 100 (range 80-100). Four @entity1 had received prior radiotherapy and one had received prior immunotherapy. Seventeen @entity1 received two cycles of treatment and nine @entity1 received three or more cycles. Four @entity1 responded (22%): two complete remissions and two partial remissions. Stable disease was seen in six @entity1 (33%). Responses occurred in the lung, skin, spleen and lymph nodes. Seventy-five percent of the @entity1 received the full dose of @entity5041 during cycle 1, whilst only 2 out of 9 (22%) received the planned dose on the third cycle. Rebound lymphocytosis of 5.3 x 10(3)/L (range 1.2-18.1) occurred 24-48 h after @entity5041 , but was not predictive for response. Currently, there is no evidence that pretreatment with DTIC impacts negatively on the @entity5041 -stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. The @entity137 profile of this treatment regimen did not differ significantly from that already described for similar regimens of @entity5041 . However, in this interim analysis, there was a trend for a higher percentage of @entity1 (25%) to experience severe @entity1017 (greater than 10%). This study shows that this treatment regimen is active in @entity320 , with acceptable @entity137 . Further research will focus on using other chemotherapeutic agents and/or other biological response modifiers (e.g. interferons, tumour @entity39 factor) in combination with @entity5041 .

title: Sequential @entity2699 chemotherapy followed by recombinant XXXX in @entity320 . A pilot multicentre phase I-II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine', 'DTIC']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma', 'intraocular melanoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Surgical closure of some muscular @entity1757 has been proven to be difficult. In order to simplify the surgical technique we have used intraoperatively Rashkind double umbrella devices to occlude muscular @entity1757 . METHODS: On the basis of haemodynamic and echocardiographic study five @entity1 aged 4, 6, 7, 14 and 41 months were considered suitable candidates for intraoperative closure of muscular @entity1757 (midmuscular in three cases, apical in two) by Rashkind devices. Three of them had previously undergone pulmonary artery banding at 10, 11 and 41 days, respectively. During hypothermic cardiopulmonary by pass a delivery system was introduced across the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle and then passed through the @entity1757 ; the distal umbrella of a 17 mm device was opened in the left ventricular cavity; a traction was applied to the introducer and the proximal umbrella was opened on the right side straddling the interventricular septum; the device was then secured on the right side by few stitches. In one case because of the wide diameter of the @entity1757 two umbrellas were used. The surgical procedure was completed with debanding and/or closure of other defects close to the aortic or tricuspid valve. RESULTS: Immediate results, tested by epicardial or transesofageal echo, showed a minimal residual shunt in 4 @entity1 and a moderate shunt in one. No early @entity204 occurred. A complete @entity713 developed in 1 @entity1 who had an additional perimembranous defect closed with a prosthetic patch: a permanent pace maker was inserted 3 months after the operation. There was a late @entity204 for untractable @entity67 in 1 @entity1 who had a large residual shunt erroneously considered moderate. In this @entity1 , the size of the defect was underestimated both preoperatively then intraoperatively. The four survivors are doing well with no signs of hemodynamically significant residual shunts. CONCLUSIONS: The use of Rashkind umbrella devices for closing intraoperatively muscular defects can be helpful to standard surgical techniques when technical problems make patch closure difficult. Its use avoid the need of left ventriculotomy. Careful definition of the size of the defect is mandatory to select suitable candidates.

title: Surgical closure of muscular XXXX using double umbrella devices (intraoperative @entity1757 device closure).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defects']


abstract: During @entity4328 development, cell-cell communication is mediated through @entity1919 ( @entity268 )-induced @entity268 synthesis and secretion ( @entity268 signaling) and cell-cell contact. Cell-cell contact elicits @entity268 secretion and modulates the magnitude of a subsequent @entity268 signaling response (D. R. Fontana and P. L. Price, Differentiation 41:184-192, 1989), demonstrating that cell-cell contact and @entity268 signaling are not independent events. To identify components involved in the contact-mediated modulation of @entity268 signaling, amoebal membranes were added to aggregation-competent amoebae in suspension. The membranes from aggregation-competent amoebae inhibited @entity268 signaling at all concentrations tested, while the membranes from vegetative amoebae exhibited a concentration-dependent enhancement or inhibition of @entity268 signaling. Membrane lipids inhibited @entity268 signaling at all concentrations tested. The lipids abolished @entity268 signaling by blocking @entity268 -induced adenylyl cyclase activation. The membrane lipids also inhibited amoeba-amoeba cohesion at concentrations comparable to those which inhibited @entity268 signaling. The phospholipids and neutral lipids decreased cohesion and inhibited the @entity268 signaling response. The glycolipid/sulfolipid fraction enhanced cohesion and @entity268 signaling. @entity5834 , a known inhibitor of @entity268 -induced adenylyl cyclase activation, inhibited amoeba-amoeba cohesion. These studies demonstrate that endogenous lipids are capable of modulating amoeba-amoeba cohesion and @entity268 -induced activation of the adenylyl cyclase. These results suggest that cohesion may modulate @entity268 -induced adenylyl cyclase activation. Because the complete elimination of cohesion is accompanied by the complete elimination of @entity268 signaling, these results further suggest that cohesion may be necessary for @entity268 -induced adenylyl cyclase activation in @entity4328 .

title: XXXX lipids modulate cell-cell cohesion and @entity1919 signaling.

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['D. discoideum', 'Dictyostelium discoideum']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['Caffeine']

answer: @entity4328 :: (44689,Species) :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thrombolytic treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is approved for use within 3 h after @entity64 onset. Thus only a small percentage of @entity1 can benefit. Meta-analyses and more recent studies suggest a benefit for a subset of @entity1 beyond 3 h. We assessed the safety and efficacy of an MRI-based selection protocol for @entity64 treatment within and beyond 3 h compared with standard CT-based treatment. METHODS: We assessed clinical outcome and incidence of symptomatic @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) in 400 consecutive @entity1 treated with intravenous rtPA. @entity1 eligible for thrombolysis within 3 h were selected by CT or MRI and beyond 3 h only by MRI. 18 @entity1 were excluded from analysis because of violation of that algorithm. The remaining 382 @entity1 were divided into three groups: CT-based treatment within 3 h (n=209); MRI-based treatment within 3 h (n=103); and MRI-based treatment beyond 3 h (n=70). FINDINGS: @entity1 in group 3 (MRI > 3 h) had a similar 90 day outcome to those in the other two groups (48% were independent in the CT < or = 3 h group, 51% in the MRI < or = 3 h group, and 56% in group 3), but without an increased risk for symptomatic @entity1779 (9%, 1%, 6%) or mortality (21%, 13%, 11%). MRI-selected @entity1 overall had a significantly lower risk than CT-selected @entity1 for symptomatic @entity1779 (3% vs 9%; p=0.013) and mortality (12% vs 21%; p=0.021). Time to treatment did not affect outcomes in univariate and multivariate analyses. INTERPRETATION: Our data suggest that beyond 3 h and maybe even within 3 h, @entity1 selection is more important than time to treatment for a good outcome. Furthermore, MRI-based thrombolysis, irrespective of the time window, shows an improved safety profile while being at least as effective as standard CT-based treatment within 3 h.

title: MRI versus CT-based thrombolysis treatment within and beyond the 3 h time window after XXXX onset: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral haemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8702 are the most common @entity5 of childhood and can cause @entity4457 secondary to occlusion of the pupil, @entity9340 , or strabismus. We undertook this study to describe the clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity8702 and to propose a classification system to guide clinical treatment decisions. METHODS: A retrospective review of the records of 129 @entity1 with 132 @entity8702 in two pediatric ophthalmology practices was conducted. @entity2695 were classified based on size. Presence of aniosometropic @entity940 , ptosis, @entity2300 , lid margin change, proptosis, globe displacement, and strabismus was recorded. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity2695 measured less than 1 cm in greatest dimension and were not associated with amblyogenic factors. Seventy-five @entity1 had @entity2695 that measured greater than 1 cm, 40 of which were associated with @entity4457 . Eighteen @entity1 had @entity2695 that could not be measured and 14 of these were associated with @entity4457 . Five of seven @entity2695 in six @entity1 with @entity22512 were associated with @entity4457 . CONCLUSION: This study is the largest review of @entity8702 of the orbit and eyelids. Our findings suggest that size greater than 1 cm in largest diameter is an important predictor of amblyogenic factors and approximately half of these @entity1 will require treatment. Diffuse @entity2695 and @entity2695 in @entity1 with @entity22512 will cause @entity4457 in the majority of cases.

title: Risk factors for @entity4457 in XXXX with @entity8702 of the eyelids and orbit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity22512 :: ('MESH:C537892', 'Disease') :: ['PHACES syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hemangiomas', 'Hemangiomas', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orbital tumors']

entities_list: @entity8702 :: ('MESH:D018324', 'Disease') :: ['Capillary hemangiomas', 'capillary hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) play an important role in tolerance; however, the small numbers of cells obtainable potentially limit the feasibility of clinical adoptive transfer. Therefore, we studied the feasibility and efficacy of using @entity19 -induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) for the induction of tolerance after bone marrow transplantation. iTregs could be induced in large numbers from conventional donor @entity1961 and CD8 T cells within 1 wk and were highly suppressive. During @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), @entity1961 and CD8 iTregs suppressed the proliferation of effector T cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, unlike nTregs, both iTreg populations lost @entity3744 expression within 3 wk in vivo, reverted to effector T cells, and exacerbated @entity2132 . The loss of @entity3744 in iTregs followed homeostatic and/or alloantigen-driven proliferation and was unrelated to @entity2132 . However, the concurrent administration of @entity3446 , with or without @entity2047 /anti- @entity2047 Ab complexes, to the transplant recipients significantly improved @entity3744 stability in @entity1961 iTregs (and, to a lesser extent, CD8 iTregs), such that they remained detectable 12 wk after transfer. Strikingly, @entity1961 , but not CD8, iTregs could then suppress Teff proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production and prevent @entity2132 in an equivalent fashion to nTregs. However, at high numbers and when used as @entity2132 prophylaxis, Tregs potently suppress graft-versus- @entity1778 effects and so may be most appropriate as a therapeutic modality to treat @entity2132 . These data demonstrate that @entity1961 iTregs can be produced rapidly in large, clinically relevant numbers and, when transferred in the presence of systemic @entity3446 and @entity2047 , induce tolerance in transplant recipients.

title: Induced regulatory T cells promote tolerance when stabilized by XXXX and @entity2047 in vivo.

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: @entity231 surgery is routinely performed to replace the clouded lens by a rigid polymeric intra-ocular lens unable to accommodate. By implanting a @entity1346 gel into an intact capsular bag the accommodating properties of the natural lens can be maintained or enhanced. The implantation success of accommodating lenses is hampered by the occurrence of capsular opacification (PCO) due to lens epithelial cell (LEC) growth. In order to prevent LEC proliferation, a treatment regime using @entity4316 , @entity1880 and water was developed. The effectiveness of treatment was analyzed using an in vitro, @entity98 -based cell culture system and an ex vivo @entity1707 eye model in which the implanted lens-in-the-bag is cultured as a whole. LEC were exposed to treatment solutions for 5 min, then the cells were allowed to recover and to re-colonize the substratum. @entity98 conversion by cells was transiently inhibited by @entity1880 dissolved in water and by water alone. Exposure to @entity4316 resulted in a lasting inhibition of @entity98 conversion and consequently cell proliferation. These in vitro data could not be fully reproduced in the ex vivo @entity1707 eye model due to essential differences between both models. Treatment with @entity4316 containing solutions, however, resulted in a nearly complete absence of cells on the capsular wall. The @entity1707 eye model is a promising approach to further evaluate the effects of peri-surgical treatment during the accommodating intra-ocular lens implantation.

title: Development of an accommodating intra-ocular lens--in vitro prevention of re-growth of XXXX and rabbit lens capsule epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: AIMS: Autosomal dominant arrhythmogenic right @entity296 / @entity1141 (ARVC/D) (in the group of arrhythmogenic @entity296 ) is a common cause of @entity1164 in young adults. It is both clinically and genetically heterogeneous, with 12 loci (ARVC/D1-12) and eight genes identified, the majority of which encode structural proteins of cardiac desmosomes. The most recent gene identified, @entity45061 , causes disease due to a missense mutation in a non-desmosomal gene ( @entity53335 ) in 15 extended families from Newfoundland, Canada. To determine whether mutations in @entity45061 cause ARVC/D and arrhythmogenic @entity296 in other populations, we fully re-sequenced @entity45061 on 143 ARVC/D probands (families) from the UK and 55 probands (from 55 families) from Newfoundland. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bidirectional sequencing of @entity45061 including intron-exon boundaries revealed 33 variants, the majority located in non-coding regions of @entity45061 . For the purpose of validation, families of probands with rare, potentially deleterious coding variants were subjected to clinical and molecular follow-up. Three missense variants of uncertain significance ( @entity53336 , @entity53337 , @entity53338 ) were located in highly conserved regions of the @entity45061 protein. One variant ( @entity53338 ) also co-segregated with relatives showing clinical signs of disease. Genotyping and expansion of the disease-associated haplotype in subjects with the @entity53338 variant from Newfoundland, Canada, and the UK suggest common ancestry. CONCLUSION: Although the @entity53338 variant was found in controls (3/378), identification of an ancestral disease p @entity53338 haplotype suggests that the @entity53338 variant is a pathogenic founder mutation.

title: Recurrent missense mutations in @entity45061 ( XXXX ) due to founder effects cause arrhythmogenic @entity296 in the UK and Canada.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies', 'ventricular cardiomyopathy', 'cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity53336 :: ('p|SUB|R|28|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.R28W']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity45061 :: (79188,Gene) :: ['ARVD5']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish a program to differentiate @entity6 @entity1 in computerized health check data using serum lipid test data. We selected 4 items (TC, FC, TG and @entity367 ) as a marker of clusters for further study on the strength of data obtained from cluster analysis using chemical data obtained on 134 @entity1 . Next we tried principal analysis of the 4 items and computed parameters of component 1 _ component 2, and obtained a function (D) to discriminate @entity6 . Function (D) is read from comp. 1 and comp. 2. Comp. 1 = (0.89 x TC + 0.95 x FC + 0.75 x TG + 0.24 x @entity367 ) Comp. 2 = (-0.26 x TC -0.21 x FC + 0.27 x TG + 0.93 x @entity367 ) D = (0.2 x comp. 1 + comp. 2-160) @entity6 @entity1 show D greater than = 0 and non- @entity6 @entity1 D less than 0. We applied data on 587 @entity1 (including of 43 @entity6 ) incorporating function (D) to check the property. The results proved it useful as a screening test for @entity6 @entity1 . The parameters of function (D) are influenced by inter-laboratory differences. However, our parameters were still effective. Data obtained from other laboratories incorporating our parameter gave a diagnostic quality of more than 70%.

title: [Discriminate function of @entity6 ( XXXX ) for screening test by serum 3 lipids and glucose].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'DM']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['DM']


abstract: A 74-year-old asymptomatic female presented with an anterior mediastinal mass incidentally discovered on a routine chest X-ray. Systemic evaluation demonstrated no metastatic lesions. The @entity1 underwent an extended thymectomy via median sternotomy on suspicion of a @entity704 . The @entity5 had arisen from the left half of the thymus without a pedicle and had directly invaded into the left lung and pericardium. The @entity5 was resected with the entire thymic tissue, and the invaded lung and pericardium were resected en-bloc. The size of the @entity5 was 5.3x4.0 cm. A disseminated lesion on the mediastinal pleura was also resected. Histopathologically, the lesion mainly consisted of non-atypical spindle-shaped @entity5 cells in a so-called "patternless pattern" with various densities of collagenous background. Pleomorphism and mitoses were not significant. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed mesenchymal positive markers such as @entity2277 and @entity2280 . Epithelial markers such as CAM 5.2 and @entity1325 / @entity1326 were negative. S-100 protein and desmin were not stained. @entity2460 of the thymus was diagnosed histologically. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was not undertaken because the benefits were uncertain. She is well without recurrence 3 months after the operation.

title: XXXX of the thymus with local invasiveness and pleural dissemination: report of a case.

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['Solitary fibrous tumor']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['Solitary fibrous tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) in the general population of Southern Finland. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study based on population register data. A questionnaire was sent to 5000 randomly selected @entity1 aged 12 years or more living in the Helsinki University Hospital area. We enquired about whether recipients had experienced vertigo associated with a moving sensation, @entity393 , or @entity392 . For exclusion purposes, we also asked about general illnesses, @entity2169 , former head and ear @entity130 , noise exposure, medication, and use of @entity286 and @entity167 . To assess the validity of the population-based study, we randomly selected a sample of 100 @entity1 among those reporting vertigo. They were clinically examined at our vestibular unit. The clinical examination was supplemented by audiologic and otoneurologic tests. RESULTS: The response rate was 63%. In the final study sample of 3116 @entity1 , 216 reported the triad of vertigo, @entity393 , and @entity392 . By using the most recent criteria of the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, we were able to identify 16 definite @entity195 @entity1 from the total sample, yielding a prevalence of 513 of 100,000 @entity1 . Among the 16 @entity195 subjects, 9 @entity1 had already been diagnosed with @entity195 and 1 @entity1 was diagnosed during the clinical examination. A peak prevalence of 1709 of 100,000 was seen in the age group 61 to 70 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our population-based estimate of @entity195 prevalence is much higher than in previous reports. EBM RATING: B-3.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in general population of Southern Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['MD', "Meni  re's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear infections']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Meni  re's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , intensive @entity413 regulation, although effective for @entity455 , has not been shown to have unambiguous preventive effects on the occurrence of @entity65 . @entity1 with @entity6 show a characteristic @entity2299 (high @entity412 level, low HDL @entity165 level). @entity146 reduction of @entity1674 might be an effective method to reduce the cardiovascular risk in these @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study to assess the effect of 30 weeks of administration of @entity2993 10 and 80 mg on plasma @entity412 levels in 217 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and fasting @entity412 levels between 1.5 and 6.0 mmol/l. RESULTS: Administration of @entity2993 10 and 80 mg resulted in significant reductions (25 and 35%, respectively) of plasma @entity412 levels (both P < 0.001). The difference between 10 and 80 mg was not statistically significant (P > 0.5). @entity2993 10 mg provided significant reductions from baseline in total @entity165 (-30%, P < 0.001), LDL @entity165 (-40%, P < 0.001), and @entity755 (-31%, P < 0.001), and significantly increased HDL @entity165 from baseline by 6% (P < 0.005). @entity2993 80 mg had a similar effect on HDL @entity165 (+5.2%, P < 0.005) but significantly decreased total @entity165 (-40%, P < 0.001), LDL @entity165 (-52%, P < 0.001), and @entity755 (-40%, P < 0.001) more than @entity2993 10 mg (P < 0.005). The side effects of @entity2993 10 and 80 mg were similar and did not differ from the @entity1 receiving placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of 10- and 80-mg doses of @entity2993 provides similar, significant reductions from baseline in @entity412 levels in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . A higher dose of @entity2993 improves @entity165 -related parameters. Both doses were well tolerated in this @entity1 population.

title: The effect of aggressive versus standard lipid lowering by XXXX on @entity6 : the DALI study: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: To establish a rapid test for @entity699 we measured serum @entity701 during and following iv @entity619 infusion (5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 for 5 h from 10.00 h) in @entity28 (N = 19) and in @entity699 (N = 12). We had first established that 5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 was the lowest dose which consistently lowered serum @entity701 in @entity28 . In @entity28 , serum cortisols ranged from undetectable (less than 30) to 48 nmol/l at 17.00, less than 30 to 37 at 19.00 and less than 30 to 38 at 08.00 h the following day. Serum @entity701 at these three times did not show any overlap between @entity28 and @entity699 . Having established these findings we proceeded to study a group of @entity1 with @entity2670 . These @entity1 behaved differently. Their values at 17.00 and 19.00 h did not overlap those of @entity699 . However, at 08.00 h, 5 of the 7 had values within the range seen in @entity699 with a mean of 290 +/- 99 nmol/l. In conclusion, 17.00 and 19.00 h serum @entity701 levels distinguish between @entity699 and both @entity28 and @entity2670 . However, in the latter, @entity701 suppression is less prolonged than in @entity28 . This finding may be important for our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.

title: A weight-related intravenous @entity619 suppression test distinguishes obese controls from @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'simple obesity']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian disease']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: Previous studies suggested that the adipocytokines, @entity1254 and leptin, are associated with the progression and prognosis of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). The aim of this study was to differentially evaluate plasma levels of @entity1254 and leptin in @entity1 with @entity453 and their association with conventional laboratory parameters and markers of platelet activation. We consecutively evaluated 220 @entity1 , who presented with a symptomatic @entity453 . Among these 83 (37.7%) presented with an @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) and 137 (62.3%) with a stable @entity951 (SAP). All @entity1 have received coronary angiography. Baseline concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Lower detection limits of the assay were 0.079 ng/mL for total @entity1254 and 15.6 pg/mL for leptin. @entity1 with @entity1187 showed significantly enhanced plasma levels of @entity1254 and leptin compared with SAP ( @entity1187 vs. SAP (mean +/- SD): @entity1254 : 9.9 +/- 7.6 microg/mL vs. 7.2 +/- 5.7 microg/mL; P = 0.008; leptin: 20.9 +/- 16.4 ng/mL vs. 15.2 +/- 10.9 ng/mL; P = 0.012). However, a correlation between plasma total @entity1254 and leptin levels has not been observed (r = 0.038; P = 0.706). Plasma levels of total @entity1254 and leptin positively correlated with @entity1851 ( @entity1254 : r = 0.277; P = 0.001; leptin: r = 0.248; P = 0.007) and troponin-I ( @entity1254 : r = 0.219; P = 0.001; leptin: r = 0.190; P = 0.025). Plasma levels of both adipocytokines have shown an inverse correlation with markers of platelet activation such as platelet glycoprotein VI ( @entity1254 : r = -0.120; P = 0.048; leptin:r = -0.205; P = 0.036), and in a negative trend with @entity8729 ( @entity1254 : r = -0.116; P = 0.073; leptin: r = -0.172; P = 0.078). To support our findings, we determined high-molecular-weight @entity1254 in a subgroup of 37 @entity1 , which showed similar results. Increased concentrations of total @entity1254 and leptin were associated with @entity1187 . Intriguingly, high plasma levels of both adipocytokines seem to modulate platelet activation. Further studies should elucidate the adipocytokine regulation in @entity453 .

title: High plasma levels of adipocytokines are associated with platelet activation in XXXX with @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: By serendipity we have had the opportunity to evaluate @entity900 -based chemotherapy in @entity43 of low malignant potential (LMP). Optimal (less than 1 cm @entity66 ) FIGO @entity43 were randomly assigned to treatment with @entity900 plus @entity786 with or without @entity632 on a prospective Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. On review by the Gynecologic Oncology Group Pathology Committee, 32 of these cases were determined to represent low malignant potential @entity5 . Mean age of @entity1 with these lesions was 48 years (range, 25-75 years). After initial cytoreduction, 19 @entity1 had @entity66 less than 1 cm and 13 had no residual. Twenty (62.5%) received @entity900 plus @entity786 and 12 @entity900 , @entity786 , and @entity632 chemotherapy; 75% of @entity1 received six or more courses. Second-look surgery was done in 15 cases; only six were negative. However, with a median follow-up of 31.7 months (range, 1-75), only 1 @entity1 has died; no @entity5 was found at autopsy. The remaining @entity1 are alive without clinical evidence of disease at a median of 30 months. The need for adjunctive therapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 remains speculative.

title: XXXX of low malignant potential treated with @entity900 combination therapy (a Gynecologic Oncology Group study).

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'stage III ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['LMP tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'cis-platin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Stage III ovarian tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the impact of @entity978 ( @entity978 ) on parenthood, including factors influencing parenthood probability, by comparing long-term @entity978 survivors with matched general population controls. @entity1 AND METHODS: A Life Situation Questionnaire was sent to 3,604 survivors treated from 1964 to 2004 in successive clinical trials. Responders were matched with controls (1:3 or 4) for sex, country, education, and year of birth (10-year groups). Controls were given an artificial date of start of treatment equal to that of their matched case. The main end point was presence of biologic @entity1 after treatment, which was evaluated by using conditional logistic regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors influencing spontaneous post-treatment parenthood. RESULTS: In all, 1,654 French and Dutch survivors were matched with 6,414 controls. Median follow-up was 14 years (range, 5 to 44 years). After treatment, the odds ratio (OR) for having @entity1 was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.87; P < .001) for survivors compared with controls. Of 898 survivors who were childless before treatment, 46.7% achieved post-treatment parenthood compared with 49.3% of 3,196 childless controls (OR, 0.87; P = .08). Among 756 survivors with @entity1 before treatment, 12.4% became parents after @entity978 treatment compared with 22.2% of 3,218 controls with @entity1 before treatment (OR, 0.49; P < .001). Treatment with alkylating agents, second-line therapy, and age older than 35 years at treatment appeared to reduce the chances of spontaneous post-treatment parenthood. CONCLUSION: Survivors of @entity978 had slightly but significantly fewer @entity1 after treatment than matched general population controls. The difference concerned only survivors who had @entity1 before treatment and appears to have more personal than biologic reasons. The chance of successful post-treatment parenthood was 76%.

title: Parenthood in survivors of XXXX : an EORTC-GELA general population case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: @entity774 ( @entity774 ) is one of the commonest @entity74 . Treatment during childhood is directed towards obtaining normal growth. There is an extensive literature on management of @entity774 during childhood but little published on how @entity1 should be treated as adults. @entity774 results in increased adrenocorticotropic hormone levels driving the adrenal to produce @entity701 and thereby excessive @entity701 precursors which are predominantly androgenic. In normal individuals there is a marked circadian rhythm in @entity701 release with the lowest levels occurring shortly after midnight and rising between 02.00 and 03.00 h to peak at around 06.00-08.00 h after waking. The treatment of choice for @entity1 with @entity774 is @entity701 three times daily. There is no consensus on treating adults. A recent survey by the UK Society for Endocrinology showed that @entity701 was the most popular @entity134 , followed by @entity619 and then @entity617 . Sixty percent of respondents used a reverse circadian pattern of glucocorticoid treatment and only 16% used a dose based on weight or surface area. In a recent study we demonstrated that the most important variable determining @entity701 bioavailability is weight and we advocated a weight-related dosing regimen monitored using a nomogram for serum @entity701 . .

title: Timing and type of glucocorticoid replacement in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited diseases']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'CAH']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']


abstract: Youth sports participation carries an inherent @entity130 , including @entity7184 . @entity306 's shoulder, a stress fracture of the proximal humerus that presents as lateral shoulder @entity158 , usually is self-limited. @entity306 's elbow is a medial stress injury; treatment consists of complete rest from throwing for four to six weeks followed by rehabilitation and a gradual throwing program. Spondylolysis is a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis. Diagnostic modalities include plain film radiography, bone scan, computed tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment usually is conservative. Spondylolisthesis is the forward or anterior displacement of one vertebral body over another and may be related to a history of spondylolysis. Diagnosis is made with plain film radiography and graded according to the amount of displacement. @entity6995 presents as anterior knee @entity158 localized to the tibial tubercle. Diagnosis is made clinically, and most @entity1 respond to conservative measures. @entity9066 (or @entity195 ) is a common cause of @entity158 in young athletes, presenting as @entity158 in the posterior aspect of the calcaneus.

title: Childhood and adolescent sports-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6995 :: ('MESH:D055034', 'Disease') :: ['Osgood-Schlatter disease']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['overuse injuries']

entities_list: @entity9066 :: ('MESH:D036982', 'Disease') :: ['Calcaneal apophysitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['heel pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Sever's disease"]

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['risk of injury']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['Little leaguer']

answer: @entity7184 :: (MESH:D012090,Disease) :: ['overuse injuries']


abstract: The @entity7601 ( @entity7601 ) is implicated in psychotropic changes within the central nervous system (CNS). A number of polymorphisms have been reported in the @entity7601 gene; one of these results in a non-synonymous change, @entity53896 , in the @entity1473 -terminal tail of the receptor protein. The minor allele (9% occurrence) has been statistically associated with @entity6220 such as impaired memory processing and resistance to neuroleptic treatment in @entity161 @entity1 . We investigated the impact of @entity53896 mutation of the @entity7601 expressed in COS7 cells on distinctly coupled intracellular signalling pathways from the receptor, focusing on the heterotrimeric G protein-independent phospholipase D (PLD) pathway, compared to the conventional Gq/11-linked phospholipase C (PLC) pathway. The @entity53896 mutation selectively attenuated PLD signalling, which as in the wild-type receptor, was mediated by a molecular complex involving @entity9293 docked to the receptor's @entity1473 -terminal tail domain. Co-immunoprecipitation and GST-fusion protein experiments revealed that the @entity53896 mutation selectively reduced @entity9293 binding to the receptor. Experiments with blocking peptides to mimic short sections of the @entity7601 tail sequence revealed that the peptide spanning residue 452 strongly reduced PLD but not PLC responses of the receptor. Similar observations were made when assessing both PLD responses and PLD-dependent cellular proliferation elicited by activation of 5-HT2ARs natively expressed in MCF-7 cells. Overall these findings indicate that the @entity53896 polymorphic variant of the @entity7601 displays selective disruption of its PLD signalling pathway. This may potentially play a role in the @entity6220 associated with the @entity53896 allele of the @entity7601 .

title: Attenuated @entity9293 association and signalling at the XXXX polymorphic form of the 5-HT(2A) receptor.

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity53896 :: (p|SUB|H|452|Y,ProteinMutation) :: ['H452Y']


abstract: Cartilage and bone tissue engineering has been widely investigated but is still hampered by cell differentiation and transplant integration issues within the constructs. Scaffolds represent the pivotal structure of the engineered tissue and establish an environment for neo-extracellular matrix synthesis. They can be associated to signals to modulate cell activity. In this study, considering the well reported role of @entity692 (HA) in cartilage repair, we focused on the putative chondrogenic differentiation of @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) following culture on membranes of electrospun fibers of @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ) loaded with nanoparticles of HA. hMSCs were seeded on @entity15274 /HA and bare @entity15274 membranes and cultured in basal medium, using chondrogenic differentiation medium as a positive control. After 14 days of culture, @entity1935 positive cells could be detected in the @entity15274 /HA group. Cartilage specific proteoglycan immunostain confirmed the presence of neo-extracellular-matrix production. Co-expression of @entity2393 , a typical surface marker of MSCs and @entity1935 , suggested different degrees in the differentiation process. We developed a @entity692 functionalized scaffold with the aim to recapitulate the native histoarchitecture and the molecular signaling of osteochondral tissue to facilitate cell differentiation toward chondrocyte. @entity15274 /HA nanocomposites induced differentiation of hMSCs in a chondrocyte-like phenotype with generation of a proteoglycan based matrix. This nanocomposite could be an amenable alternative scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering using hMSCs.

title: XXXX / @entity692 electrospun nanocomposites induce chondrogenic differentiation of @entity1 MSC.

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['Poly-L-lactic acid']


abstract: The impact of postantibiotic effect (PAE) of @entity581 ( @entity801 , @entity5153 ) on cell-surface hydrophobicity and motility of a clinical isolate @entity5134 was evaluated. For the induction of PAE 2x and 4xMIC concentrations of both antibiotics were used. @entity801 and @entity5153 induced a PAE of similar duration after 2xMIC concentration (2.7 and 2.8 h, respectively). Both @entity581 demonstrated concentration-dependent PAE. At a concentration of 4xMIC they produced PAEs of 5.9 and 8.2 h, respectively. The evaluation of hydrophobic properties of @entity5134 after affecting PAE showed that both @entity581 inhibited adherence to @entity11574 . This inhibition was also concentration-dependent. More expressive was @entity5153 which inhibited the adhesion by 70.5% at 2xMIC and by 85.2% at 4xMIC. @entity5153 inhibited also the adhesion to @entity12142 filter by 34.7% at 4xMIC. Exposure of the bacterial cells to suprainhibitory concentrations of both @entity581 resulted only in moderate inhibition of motility of strain tested compared to the unexposed cells.

title: Postantibiotic effects of @entity801 and XXXX on @entity5134 : effects on hydrophobicity and motility.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens', 'S. marcescens']

entities_list: @entity5153 :: ('MESH:D009428', 'Chemical') :: ['netilmicin', 'Netilmicin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity12142 :: ('CHEBI:53325', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrocellulose']

answer: @entity5153 :: (MESH:D009428,Chemical) :: ['netilmicin']


abstract: PURPOSE: We describe trends in the use of intensity modulated radiotherapy vs 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for @entity263 and identified predictors of intensity modulated radiotherapy use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results)-Medicare database we identified 52,290 @entity1 with incident nonmetastatic @entity263 from 2000 to 2007 who were treated with radiotherapy. We tracked trends in the use of intensity modulated radiotherapy, 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, brachytherapy and combinations. @entity1 demographic and clinical characteristics were described and compared using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression. Trends at the place of service were also examined. RESULTS: Intensity modulated radiotherapy use increased from 1% of all radiotherapy in 2000 to 70% in 2007. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy use decreased from 75% to 12%. Most cases were treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy monotherapy. In 2007, 12% of the cohort received intensity modulated radiotherapy plus brachytherapy. In 2005, 81% of all external radiation was given as intensity modulated radiotherapy. Except for geography there were minimal differences in @entity1 demographic and clinical characteristics between those treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy vs intensity modulated radiotherapy. On multivariate analysis significant predictors of the odds of receiving intensity modulated radiotherapy vs 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy were low Gleason score, high education, white or Asian race and urban place of residence. The odds of receiving intensity modulated radiotherapy varied greatly by registry. A lesser part of the growth in intensity modulated radiotherapy use occurred at freestanding facilities. CONCLUSIONS: Intensity modulated radiotherapy has replaced 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy as the primary form of external radiation for @entity263 . The choice of intensity modulated radiotherapy over 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy is not related to common clinical factors such as age, comorbidities or @entity5 aggressiveness. Although geographic variations exist, by 2007 intensity modulated radiotherapy dominated in all regions studied.

title: Intensity modulated radiation therapy replaces 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy as XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity2520 are inflammatory diseases of supporting structures of the tooth. It results in the destruction of the supporting structures and most of the destructive processes involved are host derived. The processes leading to destruction and regeneration of the destroyed tissues are of great interest to both researchers and clinicians. The selective susceptibility of subjects for @entity2521 has remained an enigma and wide varieties of risk factors have been implicated for the manifestation and progression of @entity2521 . Genetic factors have been a new addition to the list of risk factors for @entity2520 . With the availability of @entity1 genome sequence and the knowledge of the complement of the genes, it should be possible to identify the metabolic pathways involved in periodontal destruction and regeneration. Most forms of @entity2521 represent a life-long account of interactions between the genome, behaviour, and environment. The current practical utility of genetic knowledge in @entity2521 is limited. The information contained within the @entity1 genome can potentially lead to a better understanding of the control mechanisms modulating the production of inflammatory mediators as well as provides potential therapeutic targets for periodontal disease. Allelic variants at multiple gene loci probably influence @entity2521 susceptibility.

title: Effect of gene polymorphisms on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['Periodontal diseases', 'periodontal diseases']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal diseases']


abstract: We investigated the clinical characteristics and coronary risk factors of Chinese @entity1 with suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ) having low serum concentrations of both low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and total @entity165 (TC). Of 1,450 @entity1 with suspected @entity453 (age range, 30-92 years; 948 @entity1 and 502 @entity1 ), 760 had established @entity453 . The @entity1 were divided into three groups according to lipid profile patterns. Group 1 @entity1 (n = 138) had low LDL-C concentrations (< 100 mg/dL) and low TC concentrations (< 160 mg/dL). They were characterized by lower @entity412 concentrations, lower frequencies of high TC/high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) ratios (> 5) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios (> 5), and lower frequencies of a family history of @entity453 and @entity28 . Group 3 @entity1 (n = 610) had LDL-C concentrations of 130 mg/dL or above and TC concentrations of 200 mg/dL or above, much higher than in group 1. The prevalence of @entity453 was 41.3% (57/138) in group 1. 46.7% (328/702) in group 2, and 61.5% (375/610) in group 3. Groups with higher TC and LDL-C concentrations had a higher @entity453 prevalence. Coronary risk factors of group 1 @entity1 appeared to be low HDL-C concentration, high TC/HDL-C ratio, advanced age, cigarette smoking, @entity101 , and @entity6 . Among these risk factors, HDL-C and @entity101 were independent predictors of @entity453 . Unlike in the other two groups, @entity101 was the only independent nonlipid risk factor. We conclude that in therapy or prevention of @entity453 , the goals should be to reduce LDL-C concentration to below 100 mg/dL and the TC concentration to below 160 mg/dL. However, other risk factors should also be considered.

title: Clinical characteristics and coronary risk factors of XXXX with low concentrations of serum low-density lipoprotein @entity165 and total @entity165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case study is to describe the clinical course and treatment of a @entity1 with recalcitrant shoulder @entity158 . CLINICAL FEATURES: A 28-year-old @entity1 had a 2-year history of progressively worsening shoulder and @entity158 . INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: Before chiropractic consultation, he had been evaluated and treated by his family physician, an orthopedic surgeon, a neurologist, and a @entity158 management specialist. The @entity1 underwent arthroscopy with examination under anesthesia and debridement of a posterior labral tear and cervical spine epidural injections, but neither procedure relieved his symptoms. After seeking chiropractic care, presenting symptoms were reproducible during direct clinical examination; and an initial working diagnosis of secondary right glenohumeral @entity5818 with coexisting scapulothoracic dyskinesis was made. After 2 weeks of chiropractic rehabilitation, therapy was stopped because of no change in symptoms. The @entity1 was referred for orthopedic consultation. Another series of plain films were ordered, and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging revealed an osseous mass at the medial aspect of the proximal metadiaphyseal region of the right humerus, with a diagnosis of @entity10545 . The @entity1 underwent radiofrequency thermoablation of the @entity5 nidus, which was unsuccessful and resulted in open surgical resection. Resolution of symptoms with minimal @entity158 was reported 3 weeks after the surgery. Four years later, the @entity1 's shoulder remains asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates that @entity10545 may present with clinical features that mimic common functional musculoskeletal conditions of the shoulder. Information from the @entity1 history and diagnostic imaging are important for diagnosis and appropriate management.

title: @entity10545 presenting as XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and osteoid osteoma', 'pain', 'midscapular pain']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['impingement syndrome']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['shoulder pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This article highlights two cases of massive @entity360 in @entity1 on dialysis after rejection of kidney-pancreas transplants. @entity1 1 was a 34-year-old female with 27 years of @entity1723 , who had a kidney-pancreas transplant in 1996, which was complicated by rejection of the kidney and pancreas in 2000 and 2002, respectively. Later in 2002, she presented in shock after experiencing cramping @entity490 and passage of large bloody stools. @entity1 2 was a 38-year-old male with 26 years of @entity1723 , who had a pancreas-kidney transplant in 1998, which was complicated by rejection of the kidney and pancreas in early 2003. He presented in late 2003 with a single episode of coffee-ground emesis and two episodes of brisk @entity360 . INVESTIGATION: Arterial angiography. DIAGNOSIS: @entity2849 from the arterial supply to the transplanted pancreas. MANAGEMENT: Angiographic embolization of the aneurysmal vessel and @entity292 achieved hemostasis. @entity1 1 did not have her transplanted organ surgically removed and suffered a recurrent @entity360 that proved fatal. In @entity1 2, subsequent surgery and removal of the rejected pancreas was performed and the @entity1 continues to do well.

title: Massive XXXX after rejection of pancreatic transplants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['massive lower gastrointestinal bleed', 'lower gastrointestinal bleeding', 'hematochezia']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoaneurysm and small-bowel fistula']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['lower gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate angiographic CT (ACT) in the combined application of a self-expanding neurovascular stent and detachable @entity902 coils in the management of broad-based and fusiform @entity438 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 harboring wide-necked @entity438 were treated with a flexible self-expanding neurovascular stent and subsequent @entity439 with @entity902 microcoils. ACT was performed after the interventional procedure to analyze stent position and the relationship of coils to the stent. Postprocessing included multiplanar reconstructions (MPRs) and maximum intensity projections (MIPs). ACT volume datasets were postprocessed for soft tissue visualization. RESULTS: Accurate stent placement with subsequent coil occlusion of the @entity439 was feasible in all of the @entity1 . Similar to nonsubtracted digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images, radiopaque @entity902 stent markers showed excellent visibility in ACT as well. The stent struts themselves, hardly visible in nonsubtracted DSA, were visible in MPRs and MIPs of ACT in all of the @entity1 . In @entity439 larger than 10 mm in diameter, accurate stent assessment at the level of the coils was limited due to beam hardening artifacts. Postprocedural ACT in all of the @entity1 did not reveal any evidence of procedure-related @entity932 . CONCLUSION: ACT provides cross-sectional, 3D visualization of endovascular stents otherwise hardly visible with plain fluoroscopy. ACT enables us to accurately determine stent position, which may be helpful in complex stent-assisted @entity439 coiling procedures. However, in @entity439 larger than 10 mm in diameter, beam hardening artifacts caused by the endoaneurysmal coil package impair visibility of the stent. Further data are necessary to evaluate the usefulness of ACT in stent-assisted @entity439 coiling.

title: Flat panel detector angiographic CT for stent-assisted coil embolization of broad-based XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm embolization', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To learn if paratonia predicts frontal @entity73 . BACKGROUND: Paratonia, an alteration of tone to passive movement, can be divided into oppositional paratonia ("gegenhalten," "paratonic rigidity") and facilitory paratonia. Although paratonia has been thought to be induced @entity75 , previous studies suggest that paratonia does not correlate with @entity73 . However, only oppositional paratonia has been studied in this manner, and in these studies only the presence or absence of paratonia was assessed instead of a quantitative scale. Facilitory paratonia has not been studied for its relation to cognitive function. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 evaluated for degenerative @entity303 were assessed on semiquantitative 5-point scales for paratonia by two independent raters. A quantifiable test--the modified Kral procedure--which assesses continued movement by the @entity1 after cessation of passive movement was also administered for comparison with facilitory paratonia. To @entity75 , subjects were tested for echopraxia, distractibility, and word fluency. To screen for other @entity73 , subjects were given the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). RESULTS: The modified Kral procedure strongly correlated with subjective rating of facilitory paratonia. This correlation was significantly stronger than the correlation with oppositional paratonia. The modified Kral procedure was also highly predictive of echopraxia, but was less predictive of other frontal lobe tests. Facilitory paratonia, oppositional paratonia, and the modified Kral procedure each strongly predicted scores on the MMSE. CONCLUSIONS: Both facilitory and oppositional paratonia strongly predict general cognitive performance. The modified Kral procedure is a reliable indicator of facilitory paratonia and a predictor of impaired performance on frontal lobe tests.

title: Facilitory paratonia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['assess frontal lobe function', 'by frontal lobe dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive defects', 'cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['frontal lobe functioning']


abstract: A new monoclonal antibody has been developed which is capable of detecting structures in gastric mucus glycoproteins expressed in the fetus and in adult gastric mucosa in conditions such as @entity356 . @entity5 associated monoclonal antibodies were selected by testing them against various mucous glycoprotein samples from the alimentary tract, including salivary glycoproteins from both secretory and non-secretory subjects, and cancerous and normal gastric juice glycoproteins. They were tested against 1000 samples of gastric juice from an unselected population. Immunochemical characterisation suggested that the glycoproteins picked up by P4 and i11 include one of the compounds reacting with rabbit anti-fetal sulphoglycoprotein antigen serum. On the basis of a clinical trial and immunohistological evaluation further evidence was obtained of P4 as the most promising antibody for further experimentation. A total of 302 gastric juice specimens from @entity1 with various gastric symptoms were analysed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique and P4 antibody. Of 10 @entity356 , nine had P4 in the gastric juice. A positive correlation was found between gastric ulcer and the appearance of P4. @entity4773 were not correlated to P4. @entity4726 and P4 coincided less frequently. Raised P4 values were found in between 3% and 9% of subjects, depending on the population. @entity5 cases showed high P4 values, which allows adjustment of the lower limit of a positive result to high level whereby a considerable number of non-cancerous P4 positives are omitted.

title: XXXX associated structure in mucus glycoproteins shown as a clinically useful marker.

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity55565 ( @entity15015 , CAS No. 36274-29-0) is a white dusty solid with a powerful lingering odor and is formed as a by-product in the polymer synthesis of an experimental polymer. The acute @entity137 following both oral and inhalation exposures and the effects of repeated inhalation exposures in @entity35 were determined. Mutagenic activity was assessed using Salmonella as the indicator organism. The chemical is moderately toxic, with the lethal dose following a single oral administration being 90 mg kg-1. Doses greater than or equal to 130 mg kg-1 produced strong @entity410 . @entity3887 , @entity2915 and @entity910 were seen at 90 mg kg-1 and only mild initial @entity353 was seen in surviving @entity35 (less than or equal to 60 mg kg). @entity99 was produced at doses as low as 17 (but not at 12) mg kg-1. The material was highly toxic by inhalation, with the approximate lethal concentration in @entity35 following single 4-h exposures being 9 ppm. @entity410 -like movements were seen at greater than or equal to 9 ppm (not at 2 ppm). Histological findings suggest that @entity15015 causes dilation of blood vessels with @entity450 of various organs apparent in @entity35 exposed to 1 ppm and sacrificed 1 or 2 days post-exposure. No evidence of @entity409 was seen. Repeated (nine daily 4-h exposures) inhalation of 2 ppm @entity15015 failed to produce any signs of a toxic response. No mutagenic activity was seen. The material needs to be considered as a potent acute toxin.

title: @entity137 of @entity55565 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity55565 :: ('MESH:C078327', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Methyl-5,6-cyclopentapyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Convulsive', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3887 :: ('MESH:C531600', 'Disease') :: ['Excessive salivation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver or central nervous system damage']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['twitching']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver injury']

answer: @entity15015 :: (MESH:C015068,Chemical) :: ['MCPP']