abstract: Ligament reconstruction tendon interposition arthroplasty is currently the preferred technique for carpometacarpal joint @entity625 of the thumb by most surgeons. Despite its efficacy, morbidity has been associated with the harvest of the flexor carpi radialis tendon. Using an allograft as material for arthroplasty, donor site morbidity is avoided. In this report, we present our surgical technique to perform ligament reconstruction tendon interposition arthroplasty using an acellular dermal matrix allograft (GraftJacket) in @entity1 with Eaton stages II, III, and IV symptomatic first @entity625 .One hundred thumbs with trapeziometacarpal @entity571 underwent surgical treatment using GraftJacket allograft instead of the flexor carpi radialis tendon autograft. Each @entity1 was followed for a minimum of 12 months. The surgical procedure included trapezial excision and identification of the flexor carpi radialis. The allograft was cut to create a 15-cm strip. The ligament reconstruction was performed by passing the strip around the flexor carpi radialis tendon and suturing it to the base of the thumb metacarpal base through an intramedullary drill hole. The remaining portion of the allograft was fashioned as an interposition mass (anchovy) and interposed between the scaphoid and the base of the first metacarpal.All but 1 @entity1 experienced significant improvement in his or her @entity158 scale rating and grip and pinch strengths. Outcomes from this study compare very favorably with those of other series. No @entity1 experienced a @entity6377 or infection in this series. We believe that the use of an acellular dermal allograft for both ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition provides a safe and an effective alternative technique for the treatment of advanced first @entity625 .

title: Ligament reconstruction with tendon interposition using an acellular dermal allograft for thumb XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['carpometacarpal arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity6377 :: ('MESH:D005549', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body reaction']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['carpometacarpal arthritis']


abstract: This study examined co-morbid generalized @entity148 and/or @entity4697 and @entity1314 as predictors of treatment outcomes in adult outpatients with @entity3119 . The @entity1 received exposure with response prevention (ERP) treatment with the addition of either elements of cognitive therapy (ERP+CT) or relaxation training (ERP+ @entity4632 ). It was hypothesized that the addition of cognitive interventions would yield better treatment outcomes for @entity1 with co-morbid generalized @entity148 and/or @entity4697 . It was also hypothesized that @entity1 with any @entity1314 would show less treatment gains in both conditions. Using intention-to-treat criteria, @entity1 with generalized @entity148 and/or @entity4697 co-morbidity showed less treatment gains at post-treatment across both treatment conditions. This group showed significantly more treatment gains in the ERP+CT condition at the post-treatment and the 12-month follow-up assessments compared with @entity1 in the ERP+ @entity4632 condition. However, this was not significant when comparing treatment completers. @entity1 with a co-morbid Cluster A or @entity1314 showed significantly less treatment gains in both treatment conditions at the 12-month follow-up assessment. Among treatment completers, @entity1 with a @entity1314 showed significantly better outcomes at the post-treatment assessment in the ERP+ @entity4632 treatment condition. These results, clinical implications, and the importance of further investigations are discussed.

title: Influence of co-morbid generalized @entity148 , @entity4697 and XXXX on the outcome of cognitive behavioural treatment of @entity3119 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['Cluster C personality disorder', 'personality disorder', 'B personality disorder', 'personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['personality disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammation contributes to @entity8 of @entity28 -related @entity8 (ORG). As mast cells are regarded as regulators of @entity32 , this study aimed to investigate whether mast cell infiltration is involved in renal damage of ORG. METHODS: Forty @entity1 with ORG, 18 with @entity628 and 10 normal controls were included in this study. Tryptase and @entity469 were used for detecting mast cells and macrophages, respectively, by immunohistochemistry. Associations between mast cells and @entity32 as well as clinicopathological parameters were assessed. RESULTS: Tubulointerstitial mast cell infiltration increased in the ORG group compared with that in the @entity628 and the control groups. The number of mast cells was positively correlated with body mass index (r = 0.432, P = 0.006), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.445, P = 0.005), serum @entity1011 (r = 0.489, P = 0.002), tubular @entity194 (r = 0.470, P = 0.003) and interstitial @entity82 (r = 0.669, P < 0.001). Increased expression of @entity2842 , which was partly colocalized with tryptase, was observed. @entity469 -positive macrophages were also found to be increased and distributed around the mast cells. The area of tubulointerstitial @entity2842 was correlated with the number of mast cells (r = 0.695, P < 0.001) and interstitial @entity82 (r = 0.327, P = 0.042). Multivariate regression showed that the number of mast cells was an independent predictor for @entity470 (R(2) = 0.313, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Mast cell infiltration is involved in renal damage of ORG, and @entity32 may contribute to such a process.

title: Roles of mast cells and @entity2842 in the XXXX of @entity28 -related @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal injury']


abstract: Although unanswered questions remain, scores of observational studies and several small randomized clinical trials (RCTs) indicate that @entity358 ( @entity358 ) offers safe and effective palliation for a relatively well defined subset of @entity1 with advanced @entity2415 . Nonetheless, Medicare and other insurers stopped reimbursement for the procedure. Subsequently, two multicenter RCTs on @entity358 , the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) and the Overholt-BlueCross Emphysema Surgery Trial (OBEST), were launched with the stipulation that the procedure would not be paid for outside these trials. Thus access to @entity358 has been denied to @entity1 who could benefit but do not wish to participate in an RCT. Emerging operations, unlike new drugs or devices, pass through evolutionary changes and frequently fail to produce data that meet the scientific rigor required by randomized studies. In such a setting, the observational approach is more appropriate. Indeed, almost all operations in the present surgical armamentarium have been evaluated and have evolved through observational studies without the use of RCTs. By the time new operations are standardized and qualify for RCTs, benefits for certain @entity1 may be demonstrated and randomization could involve unacceptable health hazards. @entity1 from this population should be offered the choice between participating in RCTs and having the operation outside the study. Imposition of financial restrictions that bars access to a therapy with known benefit is a questionable practice.

title: Limitations of randomized clinical trials for evaluating emerging operations: the case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['LVRS', 'lung volume reduction surgery']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung volume reduction surgery']


abstract: The denaturation of the dimeric enzyme @entity3776 dehydrogenase from @entity14921 by @entity2097 has been studied using enzymatic activity, intrinsic fluorescence, circular dichroism, and light scattering measurements. Equilibrium experiments at 25 degrees C revealed that between 0.9 and 1.2 M denaturant the enzyme underwent a conformational change, exposing @entity2340 residues to solvent, with some loss of secondary structure and a complete loss of enzymatic activity but without dimer dissociation to subunits. This inactive, partially unfolded, dimeric intermediate was susceptible to @entity73 , perhaps due to exposure of 'sticky' hydrophobic stretches of the polypeptide chain. A second equilibrium transition, reflecting extensive unfolding and dimer dissociation, occurred only at denaturant concentrations above 1.4 M. Kinetics experiments demonstrated that in the denaturant concentration range of 1.7-1.9 M the fluorescence change occurred in two distinct steps. The first step involved a large, very rapid drop in fluorescence whose rate was strongly dependent on the denaturant concentration. This was followed by a small, relatively slow rise in the emission intensity, the rate of which was independent of denaturant concentration. Enzymatic activity was lost with a denaturant-concentration-dependent rate, which was approx. 3-times slower than the rate of the first step in fluorescence change. A denaturation mechanism incorporating several unfolding intermediates and which accounts for all the above results is presented and discussed. While the fully unfolded enzyme regained up to 55% of its original activity upon dilution of denaturant to a concentration that would be expected to support native enzyme, denaturation intermediates were able to reactivate only minimally and in fact were found to aggregate and precipitate out of solution.

title: Denaturation of XXXX dehydrogenase from @entity14921 by @entity2097 ; identification of inactive, partially unfolded, dimeric intermediates.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow aggregation']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity14921 :: ('1245', 'Species') :: ['Leuconostoc mesenteroides']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity3776 :: (MESH:D019298,Chemical) :: ['glucose-6-phosphate']


abstract: OBJECT: Golf-related injuries constitute a common type of @entity2587 in the pediatric population. The increase in the frequency of these injuries is largely attributed to the increase in the popularity of golf and greater use of golf carts by @entity1 . METHODS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms and complications associated with golf-related injuries in the pediatric population and, by doing so, assist in the prevention of such injuries. We reviewed the charts of 2546 pediatric @entity1 evaluated by the neurosurgery service at the authors' institution over a 6-year period. There were 64 cases of sports-related injuries. Of these, 15 (23%) were golf-related, making these injuries the second-largest group of sports-related injuries. @entity13668 was the most common injury observed. Neurosurgical intervention was required in 33% of the cases. With rare exceptions, @entity1 made good recoveries during a mean follow-up period of 22.2 months. One @entity204 occurred due to uncontrollable @entity2657 following a golf cart accident. One @entity1 required shunt placement and several revisions following an injury sustained from a golf ball. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 should be advised on the proper use of golf equipment as a preventive measure to avoid these injuries. Precautionary guidelines and safety training guidelines should be established. The institution of a legal minimum age required to operate a golf cart should be considered.

title: Golf-associated head injury in the pediatric population: a common XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity13668 :: ('MESH:D020204', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed skull fracture']

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['sports injury']

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['sports injury']


abstract: 1. Single-channel currents evoked in outside-out membrane patches from @entity35 cerebellar granule cells by @entity2227 , @entity492 , @entity1024 ( @entity143 ), @entity4176 and @entity14425 were studied. Each agonist produced openings to five discrete amplitude levels. At a membrane potential of -70 mV, these levels correspond to single-channel conductances of about 8, 17, 30, 40 and 50 pS. @entity143 , @entity492 and @entity2227 evoked mainly 50 pS openings and also substantial numbers of 40 pS events. Kainate evoked primarily 8 and 17 pS openings. 2. The relative proportion of openings to each conductance level showed no dependence on membrane potential. At membrane potentials negative to -100 mV, current-voltage plots for 30, 40 and 50 pS openings showed substantial inward rectification. 3. With @entity143 , @entity492 and @entity2227 , the most common type of direct transition was between the 50 pS open level and the shut level. Transitions between the 30, 40 and 50 pS levels were also relatively common. With few exceptions, 8 and 17 pS openings appeared to arise directly from, and return directly to, the shut level. The differences between granule cells and certain other central neurones, in the types of transitions associated with @entity143 receptor channels, provide evidence for the existence of more than one type of @entity143 receptor. 4. Four exponential components were identified consistently in the shut-time distributions that were obtained with @entity143 , @entity492 and @entity2227 . Mean time constants for the briefest two components were 30 to 65 microseconds and 0.65 to 1.00 ms. The mean duration of these 'gaps within bursts' differed for different agonists, but did not vary with membrane potential. 5. Two exponential components were distinguished in most open-time distributions for the 50 pS level (time constants, 0.9-1.2 and 3.2-3.9 ms at -100 mV), whereas open-time distributions for 30 and 40 pS events were described adequately by single exponentials with time constants below 1.0 ms. The duration of 50 pS openings decreased with hyperpolarization. 6. Mean open times for 8 and 17 pS events produced by @entity143 , @entity492 and @entity2227 were 0.3 to 0.7 ms. The longest such openings were observed with @entity14425 . 7. Three exponential components were present in distributions of burst length, and of total open time per burst, that were obtained with @entity143 , @entity492 and @entity2227 . The slowest two burst-length components had mean time constants of 1.7-2.4 and 10.6-13.0 ms and originated from the kinetic behaviour of the 50 pS state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Currents through single @entity2227 receptor channels in outside-out patches from XXXX cerebellar granule cells.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity14425 :: ('MESH:D016318', 'Chemical') :: ['quisqualate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1082 ) incorporates high-risk HPV (hrHPV) and low-risk HPV (lrHPV) subtypes according to its contribution to oncogenesis. Different HPV subtypes could regulate the cell cycle of infected cells at different levels. To date, the expression of @entity4910 and cyclin E in @entity8548 ( @entity8548 ) tissues and its association with @entity1083 still remains elusive. In the present study, genotyping was performed to identify the HPV subtypes in 44 @entity8548 specimens. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of cell cycle related proteins @entity4910 and cyclin E in @entity8548 tissues as well as normal tissues. We found that there were 20 @entity1 with hrHPV subtypes, 6 @entity1 with lrHPV subtypes, and 18 @entity1 with combined high and low (hr/lr) HPV subtypes. @entity4910 expression in @entity1 with hrHPV subtypes (P=0.0408), in @entity1 with lrHPV subtypes (P=0.0002) and in @entity1 with hr/lr HPV subtypes (P=0.0047) was significantly higher than that in normal controls, respectively. @entity4910 expression in @entity1 with hr/lr HPV subtypes (P<0.0001) and in @entity1 with lrHPV subtypes (P=0.0244) was significantly higher than that in @entity1 with hrHPV subtypes, respectively. Cyclin E expression in @entity1 with hrHPV subtypes (P<0.0001), in @entity1 with lrHPV subtypes (P=0.0005), and in @entity1 with hr/lr HPV subtypes (P<0.0001) was significantly higher than that in normal controls, respectively. Cyclin E expression in @entity1 with hrHPV subtypes was significantly higher than that in @entity1 with lrHPV subtypes (P=0.0032). Our data suggest that @entity1083 is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of @entity8548 , and further support the notion that HPV may be involved in the regulation of the expression of cell cycle related proteins, @entity4910 and cyclin E, in the pathogenesis of @entity8548 .

title: Expression of @entity4910 and cyclin E significantly associates with XXXX subtypes in @entity8548 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity8548 :: ('MESH:D017731', 'Disease') :: ['Bowenoid papulosis', 'BP']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a controversy in the literature concerning the origin, course, and distribution of the @entity713 . METHODS: Postmortem coronary angiography, dissection, and microscopic examination were performed in 100 @entity1 hearts specimens, providing anatomical, histological, and postmortem angiographic features of the AV node artery. RESULTS: Two anatomical types of AV node artery, depending on its length (long-short), were found. "Long-length" (LL) AV node artery supplied with blood almost all the AV conducting tissue in 72 cases. It consisted of a horizontal and descending part ending in two branches. "Short-length" (SL) AV node artery had only a horizontal part, perfusing exclusively the AV node and several times the nonpenetrating main bundle of His. In 67 of 100 cases, the AV arteries were arising from the right coronary artery, distal to the @entity13523 ( @entity13523 ) artery. The AV node artery never originated from the @entity13523 artery. In 54 of 100 cases, it passed under the coronary sinus (CS) and in the remaining 46 it passed underneath the right atrium endocardium. CONCLUSIONS: The above-described postmortem coronary angiographic findings are essential for interventional cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. Damage to the LL or SL type of AV node artery may cause severe or limited @entity713 , respectively. Furthermore, the course of AV node artery under the CS makes it susceptible to @entity130 provoked by diagnostic or therapeutic procedures involving the CS area.

title: Histological recognition and classification of the XXXX variants: a new approach.

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular (AV) node artery', 'AV conduction abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity13523 :: ('MESH:D001041', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'posterior descending']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular node artery']


abstract: The accumulation of lipofuscin to cardiomyocytes is a classical parameter of aging and is believed to reflect oxidative stress. NF-kB transcription factor complex is one of the cellular sensors which responds to oxidative stress and regulates gene expression. Our purpose was to study whether aging affects the level and distribution of DNA binding activities of NF-kB transcription factors both in @entity299 and nuclear extracts. We used electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) to characterize the DNA binding activities of NF-kB and two other transcription factors. AP-1 and @entity10591 , in the myocardium of 4 months and 24 months old male and female NMRI- @entity19 . The protein levels of @entity1991 , @entity28348 , and @entity1992 components of NF-kB-complex and an inhibitory @entity1993 / @entity56745 were assayed with Western blots. Surprisingly, aging upregulated by 123% the nuclear NF-kB binding activity in the male and female @entity19 . The sarcoplasmic NF-kB activity, activated by @entity6743 , did not show any change during aging. Aging-induced increase in nuclear NF-kB protein-DNA binding activity was observed both by gel retardation and UV-crosslinking assays. In immunoblotting, the level of @entity28348 component but not those of @entity1991 and @entity1992 components of NF-kB-complex was slightly increased in nuclear fractions. Aging did not affect the sarcoplasmic levels of @entity1991 , @entity28348 , and @entity1992 proteins. Supershift EMSA assays showed that the nuclear NF-kB complex contained @entity1991 , @entity28348 , and @entity1992 components. The level of inhibitory @entity1993 / @entity56745 protein was unaffected by aging both in nuclear and sarcoplasmic fractions. Aging down-regulated the nuclear @entity10591 binding activities but did not affect AP-1 binding activities. Statistically significant sex-related differences did not appear in the aging responses of transcription factors. These results indicate that NF-kB transcription factor pathway is activated during aging in cardiac muscle and could be the signaling route regulating gene expression. However, the activation mechanism of NF-kB during aging whether oxidative stress responsive or not in vivo needs further studies.

title: Aging-induced up-regulation of nuclear binding activities of oxidative stress responsive NF-kB transcription factor in XXXX cardiac muscle.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sarcoplasm']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycholate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Identification of cis-regulatory sequences is a first step in analyzing the regulation of the @entity1 @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) gene which encodes the 170-kilodalton membrane @entity1262 in normal tissues and @entity5 cells. We have studied several overlapping genomic clones containing the 5'-flanking region of the gene. These clones span about 30 kilobases (kb) of contiguous DNA containing 10 kb of the gene and 20 kb of the 5'-flanking sequence. The @entity377 sequence of the first exon and the 2 kb preceding the exon were determined. DNA sequences containing the 5'-flanking regions were linked to the @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. For transient CAT assay, we have employed six cell lines, including @entity1 @entity5 KB, @entity1891 -resistant VJ-300 derived from KB, @entity19 @entity5 Y-1, @entity3176 kidney CV-1, @entity19 fibroblast NIH3T3, and @entity1 @entity4304 SW-13 cells. Promoter activity was very weak regardless of the length of the promoter region in @entity19 @entity5 Y-1 and monkey kidney CV-1 cells, in which endogenous @entity1262 was expressed. Introduction of a 700-base genomic DNA fragment from a site located at 10 kb far upstream of the initiation site increased the transcription of the CAT gene in Y-1, CV-1, and SW-13 cells. However, no significant increase in the CAT activity could be observed in NIH3T3, KB, and VJ-300 cells. This fragment markedly augmented the expression of the CAT gene regardless of orientation or position, and it acted in a cell type-specific manner even with heterogenous promoters. Our present study suggests that the 700-base pair fragment may carry a tissue-specific transcriptional enhancer that is active in at least some adrenal and kidney-derived cell lines.

title: Tissue-specific enhancer of the @entity1 multidrug-resistance ( XXXX ) gene.

entities_list: @entity1262 :: ('5243', 'Gene') :: ['MDR1', 'P-glycoprotein', 'multidrug-resistant 1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['African green monkey']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['MDR1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6437 usually affect the lung and the orbit. They occur extremely rarely in the spine. We encountered a case of intradural extramedullary @entity13583 of the cervical spine in a pregnant @entity1 that initially presented as an @entity4282 in MRI. CASE DESCRIPTION: This is a case of a 30-year-old, @entity645 -negative, full-term pregnant lady presenting with 2-month history of progressive @entity1688 with rapid worsening of power in all 4 limbs for 3 days. Magnetic resonance imaging scanning revealed cervical extramedullary compressive lesion likely to be epidural bleed from its imaging characteristics. Intraoperatively, intradural extramedullary @entity75 was found with dural thickening. Gross total excision was accomplished; histopathologic study assessed an @entity13583 . The @entity1 improved after surgery excision and is doing well at 6-month follow-up with remarkable neurological recovery. CONCLUSION: Cervical intradural @entity13583 is a very rare issue in the spine. Diagnosis can be confused with a @entity5 lesion like an "en @entity1653 " or as epidural bleed like in the present case.

title: Intradural cervical XXXX mimicking @entity4282 in a pregnant @entity1 : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory pseudotumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['plaque meningioma']

answer: @entity6437 :: (MESH:D006104,Disease) :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognosis in 86 new @entity1 with @entity148 . METHOD: Untreated subjects with social @entity148 were recruited by advertising in Stockholm, randomized to 3 months treatment with @entity903 or placebo, and then offered continued specialist care. Metabolizing capacity was determined by genotyping @entity5320 in the subjects on @entity903 . After a mean 32 months all were contacted for a personal interview. RESULTS: Of the 92 evaluable subjects, 86 (93%) were interviewed. A favourable prognosis was seen in the subjects randomized to @entity903 who chose to continue with serotonergic medication. The least favourable prognosis was in those given placebo who chose not to be treated after the trial. Twenty-four subjects were still symptomatic and dysfunctional and had not sought treatment. Drug-induced adverse effects caused treatment termination in six subjects, one of whom had a poor metabolizing genotype. CONCLUSION: Due to their condition, some subjects with social @entity148 refrain from effective treatments. The efficacy of serotonergic medication was maintained and augmented after a mean period of 32 months.

title: A prospective study of 86 new @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['social anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['social anxiety disorder']


abstract: The study of new therapeutic approaches for refractory @entity1 @entity1778 has been hampered by the lack of relevant in vivo models with disseminated disease, particularly @entity981 ( @entity981 ). In the present study we evaluated methods for establishing and therapy of a @entity1 @entity981 cell line ( @entity981 ) in 73 @entity915 @entity19 . @entity981 is a @entity4587 + @entity1778 cell line, derived from a @entity1 with @entity66 and @entity204 . Injection of 5 x 10(7) @entity981 cells i.v. caused disseminated @entity1 @entity1778 in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic organs in 100% of @entity915 @entity19 (n = 9) leading to @entity204 at 65 to 70 days after a uniform clinical course. To study possible therapeutic approaches for disseminated @entity1778 we utilized an immunotoxin, @entity41504 , constructed by chemically linking the mouse @entity10986 anti- @entity42188 (3A1E) monoclonal antibody which recognizes a pan-T-cell marker expressed on almost all @entity1619 to deglycosylated ricin A-chain, a catalytic plant toxin and inhibitor of protein synthesis. Administration of @entity41504 led to greater than 5 log kill of clonogenic @entity981 cells in vitro and selectively inhibited protein synthesis. @entity41504 was administered to @entity19 at a dose of 10 micrograms/ @entity19 /day for 5 consecutive days starting 8 days after i.v. inoculation of @entity1778 . The immunotoxin therapy resulted in significant long term survival over 348 days compared to untreated or control @entity19 treated with anti- @entity42188 antibody and deglycosylated ricin A-chain which were all dead by day 70 (P less than 0.001). Even after more than 11 months there was no evidence of disease in 82% of the @entity41504 treated animals. @entity915 @entity19 given i.p. injections (n = 9) developed an i.p. @entity5 mass but demonstrated @entity3 outside the peritoneum with disseminated @entity1778 in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic organs, a finding different from most conventional nude @entity19 models. The @entity1778 was fatal in 100% and killed the animals at 68-95 days. @entity915 @entity19 given i.p. injections of @entity981 completely responded to therapy with @entity41504 , resulting in survival of 100% of the animals (n = 10) at 216 days (P less than 0.001 compared to untreated animals). Anti- @entity42188 antibody, deglycosylated ricin A-chain, and a control anti- @entity320 immunotoxin (IND1-RTA) showed no therapeutic effect. We conclude that @entity41504 is an effective in vivo therapeutic agent against @entity1 @entity981 in the @entity915 @entity19 system, suggesting potential usefulness for therapy of @entity1 with poor prognosis @entity1619 .

title: Successful treatment of @entity1 acute T-cell leukemia in @entity915 XXXX using the anti- @entity42188 -deglycosylated ricin A-chain immunotoxin @entity41504 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['T-ALL', 'MT-ALL', 'T acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell leukemias', 'T-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4587 :: ('924', 'Gene') :: ['T-cell receptor alpha/beta +, CD3+, and CD7']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death or terminal disease', 'early death']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Hilltop (H) strain @entity35 are more susceptible to @entity5754 than are the Madison (M) strain @entity35 . It is unclear what role @entity6980 , @entity6582 , and @entity519 -induced vasoconstriction play in mediating the more severe @entity120 that develops in the @entity5698 during chronic @entity519 . It is also unclear whether the increased sensitivity of the @entity5698 to @entity5754 is specific for a @entity519 effect or, instead, reflects a general propensity toward the development of @entity120 . @entity6560 (MCT) causes @entity6980 and @entity120 . We hypothesized that the difference in the pulmonary vascular response to chronic @entity519 between H and M @entity35 reflects an increased sensitivity of the @entity5698 to any pulmonary @entity101 stimuli. Consequently, we expected the two strains to also differ in their susceptibility to MCT-induced @entity120 . Pulmonary arterial pressures in conscious H and M @entity35 were measured 3 wk after a single dose of MCT, exposure to a simulated high altitude of 18,000 ft (barometric pressure = 380 mmHg), and administration of a single dose of saline as a placebo. The @entity5698 had significantly higher pulmonary arterial pressures and right ventricular weights after MCT and chronic @entity519 than did the M @entity35 . The @entity5698 also had more @entity6980 , i.e., greater wall thickness as a percentage of vessel diameter, after MCT and chronic @entity519 than did the M @entity35 . The @entity5698 had significantly lower arterial @entity4095 than did the M @entity35 after MCT, but the degree of @entity519 was mild [arterial @entity4095 of 72.5 +/- 0.8 (SE) Torr for @entity5698 vs. 77.4 +/- 0.8 Torr for M @entity35 after MCT]. The @entity5698 had lower arterial PCO2 and larger minute ventilation values than did the M @entity35 after MCT. These ventilatory differences suggest that MCT caused more severe @entity358 in the @entity5698 than in the M @entity35 . These data support the hypothesis that the @entity5698 have a general propensity to develop @entity120 and suggest that differences in @entity6980 account for the increased susceptibility of @entity5698 , compared with M @entity35 , to both MCT and chronic @entity519 -induced @entity120 .

title: Exaggerated @entity120 with @entity6560 in @entity35 susceptible to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity5754 :: ('MESH:D000532', 'Disease') :: ['chronic mountain sickness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6560 :: ('MESH:D016686', 'Chemical') :: ['Monocrotaline']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity5754 :: (MESH:D000532,Disease) :: ['chronic mountain sickness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Occurrence of @entity1071 ( @entity1071 ) after transplantation is known. Drastic reduction or withdrawal of immunosuppression with anti-viral therapy for @entity778 ( @entity778 ) is the primary treatment for all @entity1071 . Many @entity1071 are B cell in origin have @entity2225 antigen on the cell surface. Rituximab is a chimeric anti @entity2225 antibody, which has been used to treat @entity1071 with variable success. This study aims to report long-term experience with rituximab for @entity1071 from a single center. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 (13 male, 4 female, mean age 51.2 years) received rituximab to treat @entity1071 . Five @entity1 received rituximab with @entity353 in immunosuppression (primary). Nine @entity1 received rituximab after failure of primary therapy (rescue) and three @entity1 received it after resolution of @entity1071 (prophylactic). Mean follow-up period was 60 months. RESULTS: Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year @entity1 survivals were 64.7%, 47.1% and 35.3%, respectively. In the primary group, three @entity1 had complete and one had partial response; however, only two (40%) @entity1 are currently alive. In the rescue group, none of the @entity1 had a complete response, four @entity1 had partial response, and only two (22%) @entity1 are currently alive. In the prophylactic group, two @entity1 died at 28 and 41 months due to recurrence and graft failure, respectively. CONCLUSION: Sixty percent (3 of 5) of @entity1 who received rituximab as primary therapy had complete resolution, and 44% (4 of 9) of @entity1 who received it as rescue therapy had partial response. Overall 5-year @entity1 survival was a disappointing 35%.

title: Rituximab (chimeric anti- @entity2225 antibody) for XXXX after solid organ transplantation in adults: long-term experience from a single center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['EBV', 'Ebstein-Barr virus']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder', 'PTLD']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['drastic reduction']

answer: @entity1071 :: (MESH:D008232,Disease) :: ['posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of @entity189 of the kidney. METHODS: The clinical features, histological and immunohistochemical findings were analyzed in 3 cases of @entity189 of the kidney, along with review of the related literatures. RESULTS: Three @entity1 were males with a mean age of 59 years old (range from 44 to 71 years). All presented with no symptom and their @entity5 were found during routine examination. The @entity5 size ranged from 1.5 to 5.0 cm in greatest dimension. The @entity5 were grossly well-circumscribed without capsules and exhibited a spongy cut surface. Microscopically, all three @entity5 were composed of tubules and cysts of varying sizes separated by thin fibrous septa. The epithelial lining cells were flat, cuboidal and columnar, with often a hobnail-like appearance characterized by abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with prominent nucleoli. Two cases showed focal clear cytoplasm. One of the three cases coexisted with a @entity1358 . Immunohistochemically, all 3 cases showed positivity for pan-CK, @entity2277 , @entity4166 , @entity2282 , @entity12877 , and focal positivity for 34bE12. Two cases showed focal positivity for @entity5822 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity189 of the kidney is a rare @entity703 and occurs predominantly in males. The @entity5 is characterized by gross spongy appearance and microscopic cysts and tubules often lined by hobnail-like cells and separated by thin fibrotic stroma. The differential diagnosis mainly includes other lesions of the kidney that have a multicystic growth pattern.

title: [Clinical and pathologic features of XXXX of kidney].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['tubulocystic carcinoma', 'Tubulocystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney neoplasm']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['tubulocystic carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the direct annual healthcare costs to the UK @entity283 ( @entity283 ) of managing community-acquired @entity55 . Using a prevalence-based burden of illness approach, health service resource use and corresponding costs attributable to the management of community-acquired @entity55 during 1992/1993 in the UK were obtained from published sources and commercial databases, and supplemented by a telephone survey of general practitioners, finance directors, community nurses, receptionists and nurses in out- @entity1 respiratory clinics, ambulance services, and consultant respiratory physicians. The study was appraised by a Peer Review Panel, representing a cross-section of experts from different locations. This study was a predefined subgroup analysis of a previous, larger study that estimated the annual cost to the @entity283 of treating all community-acquired @entity1729 . The analysis shows that there are 261,000 episodes of community-acquired @entity55 annually in the UK, costing 440.7 million pounds at 1992/1993 prices (32% of the annual cost for all community-acquired @entity1729 ). Approximately 83,153 annual cases of community-acquired @entity55 are treated in hospital (32% of all episodes) and account for 96% of the annual cost. The average cost for managing @entity55 in the community is 100 pounds per episode, compared to 1,700-5,100 pounds when the @entity1 is hospitalized, depending on the length of hospitalization. Hospitalization accounts for 87% of the total annual cost. In conclusion, community-acquired @entity55 in the UK incurs a direct healthcare cost of 440.7 million pounds annually at 1992/1993 prices. Developing and implementing strategies to prevent and minimize hospitalization will significantly reduce this annual cost and should be assessed in future studies.

title: Community-acquired pneumonia: the annual cost to the XXXX in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['National Health Service', 'NHS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['National Health Service']


abstract: The importance of @entity5 angiogenesis in the process of @entity5 growth and progression in solid @entity5 has been widely accepted. Among many angiogenic factors, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) has been shown to play a major role in the development and dissemination of the @entity5 . @entity842 (NO) production was also observed in solid @entity5 tissues. NO has been reported to play an important role for the mitogenic effect of @entity7 in the angiogenic process. However, little is known about the correlation between @entity7 and NO in circulating levels. Therefore, we investigated serum @entity7 and NO concentrations in @entity1 @entity356 as well as healthy individuals, and examined the influence of @entity5 stage on circulating level of @entity7 . The study consisted of 11 healthy individuals and 37 @entity1 with primary @entity356 who did not receive any prior therapy. @entity1 were categorized into four groups according to TNM classification. The level of @entity1655 in preoperative sera of @entity356 @entity1 and healthy donors was assayed using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. NO concentration was estimated indirectly from serum @entity3542 . The ANOVA test showed a significant difference in serum @entity1655 concentrations between @entity5 stages (P < 0.001). A striking relationship was found between serum NO levels and @entity5 stage (P < 0.001). A significant difference was also seen between healthy individuals and @entity1 with stage 1 disease. The present study suggested that large @entity5 burden was associated with significantly increased levels of @entity1655 and NO.

title: Serum concentrations of @entity7 and XXXX as an estimate of in vivo @entity842 in @entity1 with @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity3542 :: (CHEBI:16301,Chemical) :: ['nitrite']


abstract: The JKT-1 cell line has been used in multiple independent studies as a representative model of @entity1 @entity4797 . However, no cell line for this specific @entity5 type has been independently confirmed previously; and therefore, the seminomatous origin of JKT-1 must be proven. The genetic constitution of the JKT-1 cells was determined using flow cytometry and spectral karyotyping, as well as array comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Marker profiling, predominantly based on differentially expressed proteins during normal germ cell development, was performed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. Moreover, genome wide affymetrix mRNA expression and profiling of 157 microRNAs was performed, and the status of genomic imprinting was determined. A germ cell origin of the JKT-1 cells was in line with genomic imprinting status and marker profile (including positive staining for several @entity5 antigens). However, the supposed primary @entity5 , from which the cell line was derived, being indeed a classical @entity4797 , was molecularly proven not to be the origin of the cell line. The characteristic @entity2008 , e.g. gain of the short arm of chromosome 12, as well as the informative marker profile (positive staining for @entity4729 , @entity2440 , among others) were absent in the various JKT-1 cell lines investigated, irrespective of where the cells were cultured. All results indicate that the JKT-1 cell line is not representative of @entity1 @entity4797 . Although it can originate from an early germ cell, a non-germ cell derivation cannot be excluded.

title: JKT-1 is not a @entity1 XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-testis', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['testicular seminoma', 'seminoma']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies of seminoma']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['seminoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1333 is characterized clinically by smooth or @entity308 ivory-white scars surrounded by @entity2117 and @entity8721 with or without preceding purpuric infiltrated papules and plaques and histologically by intravascular deposition of fibrin. Its etiology remains obscure and therapy very difficult. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to test the efficacy of low-dose @entity1872 in the treatment of @entity1333 . METHODS: Seven @entity1 with active lesions of @entity1333 were treated with low-dose @entity1872 (200 mg, orally, daily). @entity2480 and fibrinolysis parameters, including antithrombin III, protein C, protein S, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin and @entity2002 , were evaluated before and during the therapy. RESULTS: Six of the 7 @entity1 completed the treatment. After the therapy, all 6 @entity1 had rapid cessation of new lesion formation, prompt reduction in their @entity158 and healing of @entity1066 . A significant elevation of plasminogen and a decrease in @entity2002 levels were noted 1 month after initiation of the therapy (p = 0.028). The level of @entity2002 seemed to parallel the disease activity in individual @entity1 . In addition, in most of these @entity1 , the levels of antithrombin III, protein C, protein S and alpha 2-antiplasmin tended to increase after the treatment. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Abnormalities of tissue plasminogen activator levels were less consistent. Low-dose @entity1872 was well tolerated without major side effects. CONCLUSION: We concluded that low-dose @entity1872 was effective in the treatment of @entity1333 , without unacceptable side effects.

title: Low-dose XXXX in the treatment of @entity1333 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['livedoid vasculitis', 'Livedoid vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['Laboratory coagulation']

answer: @entity1872 :: (MESH:D003613,Chemical) :: ['danazol']


abstract: The mRNA for the seven-transmembrane-spanning G protein-coupled receptor @entity9843 / @entity9843 is expressed in primary @entity19 astrocyte cultures and the transformed @entity19 microglial cell line, N9. Cell surface expression of @entity9843 in these cells was confirmed by staining with a polyclonal anti- @entity9843 Ab. The functional capacity of this chemokine receptor was examined by evaluating the @entity460 responses following stimulation of glial cells with the CXC-chemokine, stromal-derived cell factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha). Both astrocytes and microglial cells mobilized @entity460 following stimulation with chemically synthesized SDF-1alpha. SDF-1alpha- and @entity5402 -mediated @entity460 responses of astrocytes were partially inhibited by treatment with pertussis toxin (PTx), suggesting receptor coupling to a combination of G alpha(i) and other G proteins. In contrast, the @entity460 responses of microglial cells to SDF-1alpha were completely PTx sensitive, while responses to @entity5402 stimulation were PTx resistant. The ability of SDF-1alpha to induce glial cell migration was also examined. Synthetic SDF-1alpha was a potent chemoattractant for @entity19 microglial cells at ligand concentrations of 10 to 500 ng/ml; peak responses were noted at 100 ng/ml. In contrast, astrocytes did not migrate toward a gradient of SDF-1alpha. The failure of SDF-1alpha to induce astrocyte migration was specific, as another chemokine, @entity12427 , triggered astrocyte chemotaxis.

title: Functional expression of the CXC-chemokine receptor-4/ XXXX on @entity19 microglial cells and astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity12427 :: ('20302(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity9843 :: (12767(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['fusin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1421 and @entity18469 ( @entity18469 ) are embryonic-derived signals that time embryo passage into the uterus in the mare and hamster respectively. @entity18469 -like activity is detectable in the spent media of preimplantation @entity1 embryos and it has been suggested that @entity18469 may be the embryonic signal that controls embryo transport to the uterus in our species. The actions of @entity18469 are regulated at the level of its synthesis and degradation as well as the expression of a specific cell surface receptor ( @entity3765 ). The enzyme @entity6511 ( @entity6511 ) degrades @entity18469 . This study was undertaken to examine whether or not @entity3765 and @entity6511 are expressed in the @entity1 Fallopian tube and to identify the cell types in which they are expressed. METHODS: The presence of @entity3765 mRNA in tissue extracts was investigated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We amplified the predicted amplicon for @entity3765 mRNA from RNA samples extracted from Fallopian tubes. The expression of @entity6511 was detected by Western blot and the localization of @entity3765 and @entity6511 proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Utilizing antibodies against @entity3765 and @entity6511 , co-localization of the two proteins in the epithelium and stromal cells were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: These observations show that the @entity1 Fallopian tube expresses @entity3765 and @entity6511 at a location compatible with the proposed paracrine role of early embryo-derived @entity18469 .

title: @entity18469 receptor and XXXX expression in the endosalpinx of the @entity1 Fallopian tube: possible role of embryo-derived @entity18469 in the control of embryo transport to the uterus.

entities_list: @entity18469 :: ('9768', 'Gene') :: ['platelet-activating factor', 'PAF']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin-E(2)']

entities_list: @entity6511 :: ('7941', 'Gene') :: ['PAF acetylhydrolase', 'PAF-AH']

answer: @entity6511 :: (7941,Gene) :: ['PAF acetylhydrolase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventricular-to-pulmonary artery conduits in growing @entity1 with @entity299 will require replacement from time to time due to somatic growth, neointimal @entity1373 , and @entity849 . The purpose of this article is to review our experience with ascending aortic extension for significant long-segment @entity849 in @entity1 undergoing reoperation for right ventricular-to-pulmonary artery conduit replacement. METHODS: From 1989 to 1997, 8 @entity1 had aortic transection, right pulmonary artery augmentation arterioplasty, and aortic interposition graft (Hemashield in 7 and Gore-tex in 1) in association with right ventricular-to-pulmonary artery conduit replacement in 7 @entity1 and completion Fontan operation in 1 @entity1 . Aortic cross-clamp time was 90 +/- 34 minutes, and the cardiopulmonary bypass time was 205 +/- 37 minutes. RESULTS: All @entity1 survived. In those 7 @entity1 who had conduit replacement, the RV/LV ratio declined from 0.78 +/- 0.15 to 0.45 +/- 0.05 postoperatively (P < 0.05). Average length of stay was 8.9 +/- 7.2 days. Follow-up range is 18 months to 8 years (mean 4 years). Two complications included cardiac transplantation for pre-existing poor left ventricular function and accelerated conduit stenosis leading to conduit re-replacement. CONCLUSION: Ascending aortic extension facilitates long-segment pulmonary artery augmentation arterioplasty and enlarges the retroaortic space, preventing future compression restenosis.

title: Ascending aortic extension for right XXXX associated with ventricular-to-pulmonary artery conduit replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['pulmonary artery stenosis']


abstract: In the @entity95 heart, multiple isoforms of cardiac troponin T (cTnT1 through cTnT5, from largest in size to smallest), a protein essential for @entity460 -regulated myofibrillar ATPase activity, have been identified, and a correlation has been found between these isoforms and myofilament sensitivity to @entity460 . We have sought to establish the molecular basis of this diversity. Restriction-digest analysis of genomic DNA has indicated that the @entity95 @entity28429 gene is a single-copy gene. @entity28429 cDNA clones were isolated from cDNA libraries, yielding a consensus sequence for the protein. Newborn @entity95 heart cDNAs, obtained using the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), were amplified using primers derived from this cDNA. Three full-length cDNAs that differed by the inclusion or exclusion of three short nucleotide sequences within the cDNAs were obtained. Amplification in the 5' half of the cDNAs confirmed that multiple @entity28429 products arose because of the variable inclusion of an 18- and a 30-nt sequence. The 30-nt sequence has homology with previously described alternatively spliced exons in @entity35 and @entity1573 @entity28429 , whereas the 18-nt sequence has not been described previously. RT-PCR in the 3' half of the cDNAs confirmed an additional region of heterogeneity: the presence, in part or in full, or absence of a 9-nt region, which matches the alternatively spliced exon 12 described for @entity35 @entity28429 . In vitro transcription and translation of four cDNA clones containing both the 18- and 30-nt sequences, the 30-nt sequence, the 18-nt sequence, or neither generated protein isoforms that comigrated with cTnT1, cTnT2, cTnT3, and cTnT4, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Molecular basis of cardiac troponin T isoform heterogeneity in XXXX heart.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: In a previous study, we determined the in vivo population binding parameters of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) to serum proteins at single dose in nine healthy young and defined a binding equation that was derived from the Scatchard equation. Schever et al. and Yu also determined the in vivo population binding parameters of @entity2052 in @entity1 with @entity302 receiving @entity2052 monotherapy or polytherapy. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the ability of a binding equation using each of population mean binding parameters of Kodama et al. (Method 1), Scheyer et al. (Method 2), or Yu (Method 3) to predict the unbound serum @entity2052 concentration in 23 pediatric @entity1 with @entity302 receiving polytherapy. Mean prediction error, mean absolute prediction error (MAE), and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) were separately calculated for each method and served as a measure of prediction bias and precision. All three methods were significantly biased, showing a bias to overpredict unbound serum @entity2052 . The MAEs and RMSEs for Methods 1 and 2 were similar in magnitude (Method 1: MAE = 16.5, @entity2246 = 23.1; Method 2: MAE = 14.0, @entity2246 = 17.5). On the other hand, each value for Method 3 was extremely high (MAE = 32.8 and @entity2246 = 36.3). Method 3 is apparently inferior to other two methods in accuracy and precision. For Methods 1 and 2, similar tendency to overprediction was observed in total concentration above 400 _mol L(minus sign1). These two methods may be useful to @entity1 with total @entity2052 lower than 400 _mol L(minus sign1).

title: Evaluation of Binding Equation Method for Unbound Serum Concentration Prediction of XXXX in Polytherapy Pediatric @entity1 with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['RMSE', 'root mean squared error']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['Valproic Acid']


abstract: Mutations in the @entity1 @entity127 gene cause @entity8404 , an @entity74 . The gene encodes a transmembrane protein which is a ligand of Notch receptors. We report 23 mutations in previously undescribed probands, including 15 novel mutations and 8 recurrent mutations. They map in the part of the gene encoding the extracellular part of the protein. Fifteen mutations are frameshifts and 8 are point mutations. They could give rise to truncated proteins (18/23, including 5 nonsense mutations). There are 2 splice defects, and the 3 missense mutations all cause loss or creation of @entity462 residues in the Delta-Serrate-Lag2 domain or in EGF repeats. The inheritance was studied in 14 families, including those of 2 probands previously studied. Two mutations were transmitted from the father and 3 from the mother. Nine mutations were de novo, further confirmation that the majority of cases are sporadic.

title: Fifteen novel mutations in the XXXX gene of @entity1 with @entity8404 .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity8404 :: ('MESH:D016738', 'Disease') :: ['Alagille syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant developmental disorder']

answer: @entity127 :: (182,Gene) :: ['JAGGED1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8706 ( @entity8706 ) and @entity1120 ( @entity1120 ) are well-known @entity2315 . Respiratory system involvement is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity8706 and @entity1120 . OBJECTIVES: We tried to assess the clinical, radiological, and histological features of @entity1120 and @entity8706 @entity1 with lung involvement. METHODS: We reviewed medical history, physical examination, radiological, and histological data of 10 @entity8706 and 7 @entity1120 @entity1 . RESULTS: The most common respiratory symptoms were recurrent @entity358 and @entity1353 . Although lung examination results in 6 @entity8706 @entity1 were normal, they had lung involvement; 3 @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity8706 directly via lung biopsy during investigation of recurrent @entity358 or @entity401 . All @entity1120 @entity1 but 1 had respiratory system symptoms at the time of diagnosis. @entity7185 was present in 4 @entity1120 @entity1 . A ground-glass pattern and atelectasis were 2 important high-resolution computed tomography features in the @entity8706 and @entity1120 @entity1 . Flexible bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage were used for emergency extraction of bronchial casts in 1 @entity8706 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Lung involvement in @entity8706 and @entity1120 @entity1 should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity401 . Besides interstitial appearance on HRCT, atelectasis related to bronchial cast and @entity4595 are other radiological findings in these group of @entity1 . Analysis of bronchoalveolar fluid and lung biopsy provide very important clues for diagnosis. @entity7185 is an important vascular complication observed in @entity1120 @entity1 .

title: Different features of lung involvement in XXXX and @entity1120 .

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage diseases']

entities_list: @entity7185 :: ('MESH:D020065', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatopulmonary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8706 :: ('MESH:D009542', 'Disease') :: ['Niemann-Pick disease', 'NPD']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['GD', 'Gaucher disease']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity8706 :: (MESH:D009542,Disease) :: ['Niemann-Pick disease']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used anti-inflammatory agents that frequently induce side effects, including insulin resistance, @entity6 and @entity101 . Here, we investigated the contribution of microvascular dysfunction to the development of these adverse effects in healthy @entity1 . METHODS: In a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-response intervention study, 32 healthy normoglycaemic @entity1 (age: 21    2 years; BMI: 21.9    1.7 kg/m(2)) were allocated to receive @entity617 30 mg once daily (n = 12), @entity617 7.5 mg once daily (n = 12) or placebo (n = 8) for 2 weeks using block randomisation. A central office performed the treatment allocation, and medication was dispersed by the hospital pharmacy that was also blinded. Treatment allocation was kept in concealed envelopes. @entity1 , study personnel conducting the measures and assessing the outcome were blinded to group assignment. The study was conducted at a university hospital. Primary endpoint was @entity617 -induced changes in microvascular function, which was assessed by capillary microscopy. Insulin sensitivity was determined by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp and postprandial glycaemic excursions by standardised meal tests. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, @entity617 7.5 mg and 30 mg decreased insulin-stimulated capillary recruitment by 9    4% and 17    3%, respectively (p < 0.01). In addition, @entity617 7.5 mg and 30 mg @entity1720 (M value) by -11.4    4.5  mol kg(-1) min(-1) and -25.1    4.1  mol kg(-1) min(-1) (p < 0.001) and increased postprandial @entity413 levels by 11    5% and 27    9% (p < 0.001), respectively. Only high-dose @entity617 increased systolic blood pressure (6    1.2 mmHg, p = 0.006). @entity617 -induced changes in insulin-stimulated capillary recruitment were associated with insulin sensitivity (r = +0.76; p < 0.001), postprandial @entity413 concentrations (r = -0.52; p < 0.03) and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.62; p < 0.001). @entity617 increased resistin concentrations, which were negatively related to insulin-stimulated capillary recruitment (r = -0.40; p = 0.03). No effects were noted on adiponectin and leptin concentrations. @entity617 treatment was well tolerated; none of the @entity1 left the study. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: @entity617 -induced impairment of insulin-stimulated capillary recruitment was paralleled by insulin resistance, increased postprandial @entity413 levels, @entity101 and increased circulating resistin concentrations in healthy @entity1 . We propose that GC-induced @entity73 may contribute to the adverse effects of GC treatment on @entity413 metabolism and blood pressure. TRIAL REGISTRATION: isrctn.org ISRTCN 78149983. FUNDING: The study was funded by the Dutch Top Institute Pharma T1-106.

title: Glucocorticoid treatment impairs microvascular function in healthy @entity1 in association with its adverse effects on XXXX metabolism and blood pressure: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments of microvascular function']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['reduced insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone', 'prednisolone']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The transvaginal approach for the repair of @entity789 ( @entity789 ) can sometimes be challenging, especially in @entity292 located near the vaginal cuff. We describe a simple technique for the vaginal repair of @entity789 with the use of endoscopic optics. @entity1 AND METHODS: Three @entity1 were admitted to our department with @entity322 after total hysterectomy. Assessment with a clinical examination, imaging, and cystoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of @entity789 . All @entity1 were operated on between December 2012 and January 2013. The operations were conducted under spinal anesthesia with the @entity1 in the lithotomy position. Cystoscopy was performed and retrograde pyelography ruled out any @entity16 or @entity292 . @entity10330 to 12F Foley catheter was inserted into the @entity292 . From this point, the operation proceeded with optic vision, mimicking laparoscopic dissection and suturing techniques using a standard 5   mm, 30-degree optic lens, a surgical monitor, and open surgical instruments. The @entity292 was circumferentially incised and widely mobilized from the surrounding tissues and closed without @entity2701 in two layers. A urethral Foley catheter was inserted and maintained for 14 days. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 70 (range 60-80) minutes. Estimated @entity190 was minimal. All @entity1 were discharged at postoperative day 1. No complications were observed. At the postoperative first and third month follow-up visits, all @entity1 were voiding without any urinary leakage or complaints. CONCLUSIONS: The use of optics in the vaginal repair of @entity789 is a useful technique. Optic guidance facilitates surgical vision, dissection, and hemostasis. It is also excellent for surgeon comfort, ergonomics, and resident training.

title: Optic-guided vaginal repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral damage']

entities_list: @entity10330 :: ('p|SUB|A|10|F', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A 10F']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['vesicovaginal fistula', 'VVF']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

answer: @entity789 :: (MESH:D014719,Disease) :: ['vesicovaginal fistula']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) compared to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for the correction of low or moderate @entity1714 (-0.50 to -6.00 D) at 6 months after surgery. METHODS: The study population comprised a non-randomized consecutive series of 622 eyes of 392 @entity1 who were treated with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser. LASIK was performed using the ACS Chiron microkeratome on 314 eyes and surface PRK on 308 eyes. All @entity1 were treated using a standard protocol, then assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Forty-four percent of the LASIK group and 67% of the PRK group attended their 6-month examination. Eighty percent of @entity1 (111 eyes) after LASIK and 65% (136 eyes) after PRK had an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. Spherical equivalent refraction was within +/-0.50 D of intended refraction in 78% (109 eyes) for LASIK and 82% (170 eyes) for PRK. Loss of two more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 6 months occurred in 1.4% (2 eyes) of the LASIK group and 1.0% (2 eyes) of the PRK group. CONCLUSION: At 1 month follow-up, the percentage of eyes that achieved 20/20 uncorrected visual acuity was greater in the LASIK group than in the PRK group. At 6 months, visual and refractive outcomes of LASIK and PRK were similar. Although @entity532 occurred only after LASIK, the overall risk of loss of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was not significantly greater than for PRK.

title: Comparison of laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy for the correction of XXXX of -6.00 diopters or less. Melbourne Excimer Laser Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['flap related complications']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity353 in @entity28 , @entity3428 @entity1 is associated with resumption of ovulation and/or with changes in insulin, @entity342 , and @entity4083 concentrations. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled study. SETTING: University research center. @entity1 : Twelve @entity28 , @entity3428 @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Twelve-week @entity353 program in treatment (n = 6); 12-week "waiting list" in control group (n = 6). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Ovulation; [2] fasting insulin and @entity413 measurements; [3] @entity443 ( @entity443 ), total and non- @entity443 T concentrations; [4] LH pulse frequency, amplitude, and concentration; and [5] FSH concentration. RESULTS: In contrast with the control group who showed no change in weight, ovulation status, or hormone levels, @entity1 in the treatment group lost an average of 16.2 kg and showed a significant increase in @entity443 , a significant decline in non- @entity443 T, and a decline (though nonsignificant) in fasting insulin. Four of six subjects resumed ovulation. However, no changes were evident in LH pulse frequency or amplitude or in mean LH and FSH concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss in @entity28 , @entity3428 @entity1 appears to reduce insulin and non- @entity443 T concentrations despite the absence of a change in gonadotropin secretion and may lead to resumption of ovulation.

title: Endocrine consequences of @entity353 in @entity28 , XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4083 :: ('MESH:D006062', 'Chemical') :: ['gonadotropin']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenic, anovulatory']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity3428 :: (MESH:D017588,Disease) :: ['hyperandrogenic, anovulatory']


abstract: Cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene expression and growth parameters was assessed in the facultative methylotroph @entity43159 . A transcriptional fusion between a well-characterized methylotrophy promoter (P(mxaF)) and gfp(uv) (encoding a variant of green fluorescent protein [GFPuv]) was used to assess single-cell gene expression. Using a flowthrough culture system and laser scanning microscopy, data on fluorescence and cell size were obtained over time through several growth cycles for cells grown on @entity4588 or @entity1042 . Cells were grown continuously with no discernible lag between divisions, and high cell-to-cell variability was observed for cell size at division (2.5-fold range), division time, and growth rate. When individual cells were followed over multiple division cycles, no direct correlation was observed between the growth rate before a division and the subsequent growth rate or between the cell size at division and the subsequent growth rate. The cell-to-cell variability for GFPuv fluorescence from the P(mxaF) promoter was less, with a range on the order of 1.5-fold. Fluorescence and growth rate were also followed during a @entity505 shift experiment, in which cells growing on @entity4588 were shifted to @entity1042 . Variability of the response was observed, and the growth rate at the time of the shift from @entity4588 to @entity1042 was a predictor of the response. Higher growth rates at the time of the substrate shift resulted in greater decreases in growth rates immediately after the shift, but full induction of P(mxaF)-gfp(uv) was achieved faster. These results demonstrate that in @entity5262 , physiological heterogeneity at the single-cell level plays an important role in determining the population response to the metabolic shift examined.

title: Cell-to-cell heterogeneity in growth rate and gene expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43159 :: ('272630', 'Species') :: ['Methylobacterium extorquens AM1']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity5262 :: ('408', 'Species') :: ['M. extorquens']

answer: @entity43159 :: (272630,Species) :: ['Methylobacterium extorquens AM1']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: Do the adipocytokines, leptin and @entity1254 affect the granulosa cell expression of anti-Mullerian hormone ( @entity248 ) and its receptor (AMHR-II)? SUMMARY ANSWER: Leptin suppresses @entity248 mRNA levels in @entity1 luteinized granulosa cells through the @entity4016 / @entity4104 pathway, while @entity1254 has no such effect. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: @entity248 is one of the most reliable markers of ovarian reserve. Serum @entity248 levels decline with @entity28 . @entity28 is associated with elevated leptin and reduced @entity1254 levels. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION: This prospective study included 60 @entity249 @entity1 undergoing fresh IVF and ICSI cycles utilizing autologous oocytes at Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health between July 2010 and April 2012. @entity1 /MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Follicular fluid was collected from small (SFs; <14 mm) and large follicles (LFs; >= 14 mm) from 38 @entity1 . Total RNA was extracted separately from mural and cumulus granulosa cells and mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. In an additional group of @entity1 (N = 22), primary cumulus and mural granulosa cells (pooled SFs and LFs) were cultured in media alone or with addition of either leptin (N = 7), @entity1254 (N = 8) or @entity4016 / @entity4104 inhibitor + leptin (N = 7), and @entity248 and AMHR-II mRNA levels measured. Levels of @entity248 , leptin and @entity1254 protein were measured in follicular fluid. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: @entity248 and AMHR-II mRNA and follicular fluid @entity248 protein levels were inversely correlated with age. @entity248 mRNA expression was six times higher in cumulus compared with mural granulosa cells in SFs (P< 0.05) and eight times higher in cumulus compared with mural granulosa cells in LFs (P < 0.001). In follicular fluid, leptin protein level positively correlated (r = 0.7, P = 0.03), while @entity1254 protein level inversely correlated (r = -0.46, P = 0.02) with BMI. Leptin treatment suppressed @entity248 and AMHR-II mRNA in both cumulus and mural granulosa cells (all P < 0.05). In the presence of @entity4016 / @entity4104 inhibitor, leptin treatment did not alter @entity248 but continued to suppress AMHR-II mRNA in cumulus cells (P = 0.02). @entity1254 treatment did not alter @entity248 or AMHR-II mRNA levels. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: This study included a luteinized granulosa cell model as these cells were collected from @entity1 who were hyperstimulated with gonadotrophins. The results obtained may not fully extrapolate to non-luteinized granulosa cells. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Leptin may program abnormal @entity248 signaling, thereby resulting in @entity2670 . This study opens a new perspective for understanding the low ovarian reserve seen in @entity28 @entity1 and provides new insights into potential mechanisms that explain the lower @entity248 seen in @entity28 @entity1 . Whether our findings explain the worse response to ovulation induction observed in @entity28 @entity1 needs to be further elucidated.

title: Leptin suppresses anti-Mullerian hormone gene expression through the @entity4016 / @entity4104 pathway in luteinized granulosa cells of XXXX undergoing IVF.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the long-term outcome of @entity890 ( @entity890 ) after the treatment with modified mini-invasive Love operation. METHODS: From January 1995 to December 2000, 373 @entity1 suffered from @entity890 underwent the modified mini-invasive Love operation. There were 250 male and 123 female @entity1 aged from 11 to 77-years-old (with a mean of 45.0-years-old). Most @entity1 complained of @entity13549 accompanying @entity615 . The lesion level included L3,4 in 11 @entity1 , L4,5 in 159 @entity1 , L5-S1 in 195 @entity1 and L4,5 combined with L5-S1 in 8 @entity1 . RESULTS: The average operative duration was 65 min. The average blood lose was 22 ml. The average incision length was 3.2 cm. Till September 2005, 317 @entity1 were available at the final follow-up during the period from 5 years and a half to 10 years and 5 months. The average duration of follow-up was 7 years and 8 months. A total of 135 @entity1 underwent the CT discogram. According to the modified Roland-Morris Dysfunction Questionnaire, 198 @entity1 were rated as excellent, 68 as good, and 51 as fair. The excellent rate was 84.0%. The scores for young @entity1 were higher than senile @entity1 . @entity3976 occurred in 10 @entity1 (3.2%), in which 7 @entity1 underwent the operation of internal fixation and 1 @entity1 preferred the conservative treatment. One @entity1 got the spondylolisthesis. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term outcome of the modified mini-invasive Love operation is effective. It is a good choice for the @entity890 @entity1 .

title: [The long-term evaluation of treatment for the XXXX with the modified Love operation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['Herniation recurrence']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation', 'LDH']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: This phase II clinical trial evaluated bolus @entity8778 as a single agent in @entity8057 ( @entity8057 ). @entity8778 was administered to 20 @entity1 at a dose of 0.12 mg/kg/d by 2 h intravenous infusion for 5 consecutive days at monthly intervals for three courses. Partially responding @entity1 were continued on therapy until maximal response and/or prohibitive @entity137 , to a maximum of eight courses. Complete responders were treated with one additional course of @entity8778 . After a median of three courses of @entity8778 , all 20 @entity1 were evaluable; one achieved a complete response (CR) (5%) and 10 achieved a partial response (PR) (50%). The median duration of response follow-up was 28 months (range 1-37 months). Four of 7 (57%) untreated and 7/13 (54%) previously treated @entity1 responded. The major @entity137 encountered was myelosuppression with 60% of @entity1 demonstrating grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 . Non-haematological @entity137 included two @entity1 with herpes zoster and two @entity1 with @entity1489 . At a median follow-up duration of 20 months, 17 @entity1 remain alive and three have died. We confirm that bolus @entity8778 is an effective and safe method of drug delivery in @entity8057 @entity1 . Recommendations regarding the equivalence of the continuous infusion and bolus methods in untreated @entity1 requires further study. Bolus @entity8778 is more convenient and less costly than infusional @entity8778 since it obviates the need for central catheters and infusional devices.

title: Bolus administration of XXXX in the treatment of @entity8057 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['Cladribine', 'cladribine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['WM', 'Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia']

answer: @entity8778 :: (MESH:D017338,Chemical) :: ['cladribine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity1187 , i.e. @entity583 and @entity1459 , is higher than in the general population. The prevalence of @entity148 is higher as well. Both @entity308 and @entity148 are associated with poor cardiac outcomes and higher mortality. @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity1187 often goes undiagnosed, and it is therefore a challenging task to prevent this risk factor. The study of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is designed to examine if it is possible to prevent @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity1187 . METHODS: Two hundred forty non- @entity308 @entity1 with @entity1187 are randomized to treatment with either @entity837 or placebo for 1 year. Psychiatric and cardiac assessment of @entity1 is performed to evaluate the possibility of preventing @entity308 . Diagnosis of @entity308 and Hamilton @entity308 Scale are the primary outcome measures. DISCUSSION: This is the first study of prevention of @entity308 in @entity1 after @entity1187 with a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT00140257.

title: Rationale, design and methodology of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of XXXX in prevention of @entity1187 ( @entity453 ).

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression', 'Comorbid depression']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['DEpression in Coronary ARtery Disease', 'DECARD']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['escitalopram']


abstract: The @entity460 -dependent secretion of @entity461 ( @entity461 ) is mediated through an extracellular G protein-coupled @entity460 receptor (CaR). Inactivating point mutations of this receptor have been found in familial hypocalciuric @entity2741 and @entity4837 severe @entity2742 . These diseases feature a decreased @entity460 sensitivity of the parathyroid glands, resulting in a rightward shift of the @entity141 - @entity461 relationship. Severe non-suppressible @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is often characterized by similar setpoint shifts to the right. Thus, point mutations of the CaR gene could contribute to non-suppressible @entity8 . We examined genomic DNA of hyperplastic or mainly nodular tissues of 39 parathyroids from 25 @entity8 - @entity1 with resistance to @entity3873 therapy. Amplification of the six exons of the CaR gene was followed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. DNA sequencing was performed where band shifts were observed. No point mutations in the coding sequence of the CaR gene were detected using the PCR-SSCP strategy. Point mutations in the coding regions of the CaR gene probably play no role in the evolution of renal @entity2742 and are not responsible for the @entity3873 resistance of @entity461 secretion.

title: Point mutations of the XXXX parathyroid @entity460 receptor gene are not responsible for non-suppressible @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hyperparathyroidism', 'rHPT']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['HPT', 'hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We describe a unique benign @entity361 in paraspinal location in a 13-year-old @entity1 with @entity4511 . The @entity4511 in this @entity1 consisted of multiple (more than 100) @entity1127 throughout the entire colon with most in the cecum and rectum, three @entity1181 in the frontal area of the skull and one in the third right rib, and multiple superficial @entity1489 . One of these @entity5 was excised and histologically diagnosed as an @entity4890 . Both father and uncle of this @entity1 suffered from @entity4511 as well. @entity361 was histologically different from nuchal type @entity81 and @entity81 . It consisted of a diffusely-growing fibrous mass composed of dense collagenous fibers and relatively numerous, bland-looking, spindle-shaped cells. The collagen fibers had haphazard spacing with no lobular arrangement. The collagen fibers were of a very coarse quality. No entrapment of adipose tissue, skeletal muscle or peripheral nerves was seen in the lesion. Immunohistochemically the @entity5 was vimentin positive and smooth muscle actin, @entity4483 protein, cytokeratin and @entity2283 negative.

title: Non- @entity81 associated with @entity4511 . A hitherto-unreported @entity361 different from @entity81 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal cyst']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis', 'fibroma']

entities_list: @entity4511 :: ('MESH:D005736', 'Disease') :: ["Gardner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cutaneous tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity4483 :: ('6285', 'Gene') :: ['muscle-specific actin, S-100']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['Microscopically the mesenchymal tumor', 'mesenchymal tumor']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['nuchal-type fibroma']


abstract: The high mortality rate of @entity2 @entity1 is mainly due to the late stage at which @entity2 is diagnosed. For effective cancer prevention programs and early diagnosis, better blood-based markers are needed. Hence, blood-based microarray profiling of microRNA (miR) expression was performed in preoperative serum of 21 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 and 11 healthy individuals by microfluid biochips containing 1158 different miRs. Two out of the 30 most dysregulated miRs were further validated in serum of 97 @entity1149 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 with @entity358 and 30 healthy individuals by TaqMan MicroRNA Assays. Microarray profiling showed that @entity8914 and @entity46705 * were significantly down-regulated in serum of @entity2 @entity1 . Their further evaluation by quantitative RT-PCR showed that the levels of @entity8914 and @entity46705 * were lower in @entity1149 than in benign disease (p = 0.0001) and healthy individuals (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0005, respectively). Moreover, the levels of @entity46705 * were significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity2 ( @entity2 , p = 0.014) and smoking @entity1 (p = 0.030) than in @entity1 with @entity420 and non-smoking @entity1 , respectively. A rise in the levels of both miRs was observed in the postoperative samples compared with the preoperative levels (p = 0.0001). Functional analyses showed that @entity2536 and TGF  1 are not dysregulated by @entity8914 and @entity46705 * in the lung cell line A549, respectively. Our present pilot study suggests that @entity8914 and @entity46705 * might have a protective influence on the development of @entity1149 , and the quantitative assessment of these miRs in blood serum might have diagnostic potential to detect @entity1149 , in particular in smokers.

title: Low levels of cell-free circulating @entity8914 and XXXX * as blood-based markers for discriminating malignant from benign lung tumors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['large cell lung cancer', 'LCLC', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['benign lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity46705 :: (693210,Gene) :: ['miR-625']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cyclical @entity699 may render the diagnosis and management of @entity699 difficult. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of cyclicity and variability in @entity1 with @entity699 , and to identify putative distinctive features. DESIGN: Retrospective case-note study. METHODS: We analysed the case records of 201 @entity1 with @entity699 in a retrospective case-note study. Cyclicity was considered as the presence of at least one cycle, defined as a clinical and/or biochemical hypercortisolaemic peak followed by clinical and biochemical remission, followed by a new clinical and/or biochemical hypercortisolaemic peak. The fluctuations of mean serum @entity701 levels, as assessed by a 5-point @entity701 day curve, defined the variability. RESULTS: Thirty (14.9%; 26 females) @entity1 had evidence of cyclicity/variability. 'Cycling' @entity1 were older but no difference in sex or paediatric distribution was revealed between 'cycling' and 'non-cycling' @entity1 . The median number of cycles was two for each @entity1 , and 4 years was the median intercyclic period. A trend to lower cure rate post-neurosurgery and lower @entity652 identification was observed in 'cycling' compared with 'non-cycling' @entity1 . In multivariate analysis, older @entity1 , longer follow-up, female sex and no histological identification of the @entity652 were associated with an increased risk of cyclic disease. CONCLUSIONS: This large population study reveals that cyclicity/variability is not an infrequent phenomenon in @entity1 with @entity699 , with a minimum prevalence of 15%. Physicians should be alert since it can lead to frequent problems in diagnosis and management, and no specific features can be used as markers.

title: The prevalence and characteristic features of cyclicity and variability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", "Cushing's syndrome"]

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: The study was aimed at determining the association between the self-report of @entity158 and disability by means of Northwick @entity4048 questionnaire (NPQ) and cervical spine MR imaging findings. A random sample of 251 @entity1 , 132 @entity1 and 119 @entity1 aged 43+/-13 years, submitted with @entity4048 were investigated. @entity1 with @entity1512 , surgery, @entity5 or hospitalized for cervical spine trauma were excluded. All @entity1 completed the NPQ and were studied with sagittal gradient-echo @entity8034 , axial gradient-echo T2* and heavily T2 weighted MR myelographic weighted images. MR images of the two most affected disc levels were read, offering an MR imaging score from 0 to 30. There was no statistically significant correlation between NPQ and MR imaging scores. From the NPQ items, only difficulty in sleeping and @entity1183 were related to the MR imaging score. Disc extrusion was the only MR finding almost significantly associated with NPQ (P=0.054). @entity9389 did not increase NPQ scores. In @entity1 with @entity4048 , NPQ scores do not correlate with MR imaging findings. NPQ and cervical spine MR imaging show different @entity4048 .

title: Relationship between Northwick Park XXXX questionnaire and cervical spine MR imaging findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8034 :: ('9173', 'Gene') :: ['T1 and turbo spin-echo T2']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['previous discitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity9389 :: ('MESH:D019838', 'Disease') :: ['Neck injury']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['neck pain', 'facets of the multidimensional complex of neck pain']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['neck pain']


abstract: Antibody therapy (as either active or passive immunization) is designed primarily to prevent drugs of abuse from entering the central nervous system (CNS). Antidrug antibodies reduce rush, euphoria, and drug distribution to the brain at doses that exceed the apparent binding capacity of the antibody. This is accomplished through a pharmacokinetic antagonism, which reduces the amount of drug in the brain, the rate of clearance across the blood-brain barrier, and the volume of drug distribution. Because the antibodies remain primarily in the circulatory system, they have no apparent central nervous system side effects. Active immunization with drug-protein conjugate vaccines has been tested for @entity2072 , @entity4521 , @entity888 , and @entity1239 in animal, with 1 @entity2072 and 3 @entity1239 vaccines in Phase 2 @entity1 trials. Passive immunization with high affinity monoclonal antibodies has been tested for @entity2072 , @entity888 , @entity1239 , and @entity12781 ( @entity212 ) in preclinical animal models. Antibodies have 2 immediate clinical applications in @entity734 treatment: to treat @entity1445 and to reduce relapse to drug use in addicted @entity1 . The specificity of the therapies, the lack of addiction liability, minimal side effects, and long-lasting protection against drug use offer major therapeutic benefit over conventional small molecule agonists and antagonists. Immunotherapies can also be combined with other antiaddiction medications and enhance behavioral therapies. Current immunotherapies already show efficacy, but improved antigen design and antibody engineering promise highly specific and rapidly developed treatments for both existing and future addictions.

title: Immunotherapy for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['drug overdose']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug abuse']