abstract: This study was aimed to investigate @entity32638 , @entity1262 , @entity319 , @entity2529 and @entity9688 expressions in @entity1778 stem/progenitor cells (LSC) from @entity4587 positive @entity3052 , the expression of these 5 genes in mononuclear cells (MNC) from 15 normal bone marrow (NBM) and 16 @entity3052 @entity1 bone marrow ( @entity3052 BM) specimen were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR). @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) progenitor cells and @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-)Lin(-) stem cells were sorted by flow cytometry (FCM) from the MNCs of 10 NBM and 21 @entity3052 BM specimen. These 5 gene expressions in the sorted cells were detected by small amount cell RQ-PCR. The results showed that these 5 genes above mentioned all expressed in NBM-MNC, in which the expression levels of @entity9688 and @entity2529 were highest with the relative expression levels 4.08 and 3.86, the expression levels of abca 5 and @entity1262 were in the middle with the relative expression 0.49 and 0.84 respectively, the @entity319 expression was lowest with the relative expression level 0.02. In @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) progenitor cells, the expression level of @entity319 increased dramatically (p < 0.05) while @entity9688 and @entity2529 dramatically decreased (p < 0.05). There was no obvious change of expression in the rest 2 genes. In @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) stem cells the expression level of these 5 genes all increased nearly 2 times as much as that in @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) progenitor cells, but @entity319 increased 3 times as much, and the increase of @entity319 and @entity9688 expressions was of statistical significance (p < 0.05). Compared with the NBM, expression levels of 5 genes in @entity3052 -MNC decreased, and out of them abca 5, @entity1262 , @entity319 and @entity2529 were decreased most remarkably (p < 0.05). Comparison between @entity3052 @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) cells and @entity3052 MNC showed that the expression level of @entity9688 and @entity2529 were decreased dramatically (p < 0.05) while the rest 3 genes increased their expression with statistical significance (p < 0.05). The expression levels of these 5 genes were higher in @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) cells than those in @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) stem cells, and the increase of @entity319 and @entity9688 expressions showed statistical difference (p < 0.05). These 5 genes expression levels were all higher than those in @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) cells whether in @entity3052 @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) @entity4587 (+) cells or @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) @entity4587 (-) cells. The increase of @entity319 expression in @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) @entity4587 (+) cells as well as @entity319 and @entity9688 expressions in @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) @entity4587 (-) cells were all of statistical significance (p < 0.05). In conclusion the expression level of @entity319 in NBM was highest in stem cells while @entity2529 and @entity9688 were highest in differentiated cells. The expression levels of these 5 genes in @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-)Lin(-) stem cells were higher than those in @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) progenitor cells. The gene expressions in @entity3052 @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) @entity4587 (+) cells and @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) @entity4587 (-) cells are in accordance with the characteristics of stem cells.

title: [Expression of 5 genes in XXXX positive @entity3052 stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity4587 :: (924,Gene) :: ['CD7']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Croton penduliforus (Euphorbiaceae) is a tropical evergreen plant widely distributed in Africa. Its seeds are used in folklore medicine as laxative, as well as a major component of herbal contraceptive and antifibroid decoction. OBJECTIVE: This study is to investigate the oral acute @entity137 and histological effects of Croton penduliflorus seed oil in @entity19 . METHODS: Croton penduliflorus seed oil (CPSO) was prepared by Soxhlet extraction of shelled, oven dried, ground seed sample with 40-60 degrees C petroleum ether. Albino @entity19 of both sexes aged 6-7 weeks old were randomly divided into seven groups of five. Graded doses of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 mg/kg body weight of the extract were administered orally to groups 2-7 respectively. The control group was administered with 0.1 ml of @entity9266 . The numbers of @entity204 over a period of 24 hours were recorded. Acute @entity137 (lethal dose) was estimated from the graph of % cumulative death against log dose of the extract. The animals that survived after 24 hours were monitored daily for 14 days for appearance of delayed @entity137 signs. At the end of 14 days all the animals were sacrificed and blood sample were collected from each animal into a plain sterilized bottle. Internal organs namely kidney, liver, heart and lungs were isolated and fixed in 10 % formal saline for histopathological examination. RESULTS: The LD50 was estimated to be 570 mg/kg body weight. CPSO caused weight loss at doses greater than 600 mg/kg with significant increases in @entity9602 and ALP activities and fluctuation of serum electrolytes. CONCLUSION: Croton penduliflorus seed oil is toxic to the kidney and liver of @entity19 .

title: Acute XXXX effect of Croton penduliflorus (Euphorbiaceae) Seed Oil.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: @entity28 is associated with many severe @entity102 and deciphering its development and molecular mechanisms is necessary for promoting treatment. Previous studies have revealed that mitochondrial content is down-regulated in @entity28 , @entity6 , and @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) and proposed that @entity1561 and @entity6 are @entity2383 . However, the exact mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that @entity23945 down-regulated the content and activities of mitochondria, enhanced @entity1560 , and induced insulin resistance (IR) in @entity19 . The time course indicated that the change in mitochondrial content was before the change in fat accumulation and development of insulin resistance. When the mitochondrial content was maintained, resistin did not stimulate hepatic fat accumulation. The present mutation study found that the residue Thr464 of the @entity1992 subunit of nuclear factor kappa B was essential for regulating mitochondria. A proximity ligation assay revealed that resistin inactivated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha ( @entity7111 ) and diminished the mitochondrial content by promoting the interaction of @entity1992 and @entity7111 . Signaling-transduction analysis demonstrated that resistin down-regulated mitochondria by a novel protein kinase C/protein kinase G/ @entity1992 / @entity7111 -signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Resistin induces @entity1560 through diminishing mitochondrial content. This reveals a novel pathway for mitochondrial regulation, and suggests that the maintenance of normal mitochondrial content could be a new strategy for treatment of @entity28 -associated diseases.

title: @entity23945 reduces mitochondria and induces @entity1560 in @entity19 by the protein kinase C/protein kinase G/ XXXX / @entity7111 pathway.

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial diseases']

answer: @entity1992 :: (19697(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p65']


abstract: @entity18696 ( @entity18696 and @entity1810 ) are produced in the liver and appear to play an important role in the regulation of hepatic growth. We investigated changes in receptors for these polypeptide growth factors in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy in the @entity35 with comparisons to livers from normal and sham-operated animals. In normal @entity35 , binding of @entity8160 ( @entity8160 ) to liver membranes was fully and competitively displaced by @entity18696 , indicating that these two growth factors share similar sites on the same hepatic receptor. Scatchard analyses revealed that @entity8160 receptors bound @entity8160 with 4- to 8-fold higher affinity than @entity18696 . Following partial hepatectomy or sham operation, @entity8160 / @entity18696 receptor number decreased by 25, 40, and 55% at 12, 24, and 72 h, respectively. In all cases. Scatchard analysis obtained with @entity8160 yielded a linear plot indicating a single population of binding sites with a dissociation constant (Kd) of approximately 0.9 nM. Scatchard analysis of @entity1810 binding showed that liver membranes from sham-operated and normal @entity35 express binding sites with a Kd of approximately 35 pM. In contrast, membranes obtained from 12-, 24-, and 72-h regenerating livers were altered in a manner consistent with uncovering or appearance of a higher affinity site. Affinity labeling of liver plasma membranes with 125I- @entity1810 revealed two predominant proteins with Mr 85,000 and 66,000. In unfractionated membrane preparations, two other proteins with Mr 105,000 and approximately 150,000 were seen. Following partial hepatectomy the major change in affinity-labeled proteins was a small (10-25%) but consistent decrease in the Mr 85,000 species. These results show that receptors for @entity18696 and @entity1810 are modulated after partial hepatectomy, a further indication that these polypeptides may have an important role in @entity409 .

title: Transforming growth factor receptors in XXXX following partial hepatectomy in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity18696 :: ('24827(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factors alpha and beta', 'TGF-alpha']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver regeneration']


abstract: AIMS: To study the relationship between left ventricular (LV) trabeculations, volume, and sphericity in @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 ) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity1 with @entity384 were prospectively explored by CMR. The segmental trabeculation index (STI) was defined by the ratio of trabeculated layer thickness on compacted layer thickness per segment. The global trabeculation index (GTI) was defined by the ratio of the sum of the total trabeculated layer thickness to the sum of the total compacted layer thickness. The apex was excluded from the analysis. The mean number of segments with trabeculation per @entity1 was 10    2 with a mean GTI of 0.68    0.32. The LV sphericity index was inversely correlated with LV ejection fraction (R = -0.42, P = 0.0002) and positively with the @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) level (R = 0.34, P = 0.003). The maximal STI was positively correlated with the indexed LV end-diastolic volume (R = 0.32, P = 0.004) and the LV sphericity index (R = 0.25, P = 0.02), but not with the @entity3876 level or LV ejection fraction. The GTI was positively correlated with the LV sphericity index (R = 0.27, P = 0.016) but not with indexed LV end-diastolic volume, @entity3876 levels, or LV ejection fraction. CONCLUSION: Trabeculation indexes depend on LV shape and are positively correlated with LV sphericity. These results encourage interpreting LV trabeculation with caution in @entity1 with @entity384 , considering additional morphologic criteria such as LV geometry.

title: Relationship between left ventricular sphericity and trabeculation indexes in XXXX with @entity384 : a cardiac magnetic resonance study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity26 saturation in retinal vessels can be measured by spectrometry. However, there are no studies on the influence of different camera chips on these measurements. The presented study reports the effect of two different camera chips ("1-CCD" vs. "3-CCD") on the spectrometric measurements in the same @entity1 . METHODS: 61 eyes of 61 @entity1 were included in this study. The study was approved by the local ethics commission. @entity1 were separated in 3 groups: the first group contained healthy volunteers, the second group @entity1 with @entity6 but without previous laser treatment, the third group included @entity1 with @entity6 and previous laser coagulation treatment. The @entity26 saturation was calculated from the difference between wavelengths on and right next to the retinal vessel. This methodology uses the different absorption spectra of oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin. RESULTS: All 3 groups demonstrated valid outcomes of the retinal @entity26 saturation in arterial and venous vessels. No significant differences we found in the arterial-venous @entity26 difference between the two different camera chips (group 1 p = 0.063, group 2 p = 0.204, group 3 p = 0.059). CONCLUSION: As no significant differences could be found between the two camera chips, the less expensive system should be used if the spectrometric measurement of @entity26 saturation is added to an analysis system already established on the market.

title: [Influence of two different cameras on the spectrometric measurement of XXXX saturation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity2887 are recommended for the treatment of @entity79 ( @entity79 ), and @entity5553 is commonly used in this setting. However, no pre-marketing clinical study has supported its use, especially its dosage, for treating @entity79 . This study aimed to assess the benefit-risk ratio of @entity5553 administered orally at a standard dosage of 500   mg @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity79 . The medical records of @entity1 admitted to a large French teaching hospital for BJI over a 1-year period and managed by a multidisciplinary team were reviewed. @entity1 data were recorded on a standardised form and the outcome was assessed at the end of antibiotic treatment and after 1-year of follow-up. A total of 230 @entity1 were included, of whom 79 were treated with an antibiotic regimen including @entity5553 (34%). Most @entity79 (97%) were surgically treated by wound debridement and/or removal or replacement of the infected device. Adverse drug reactions to @entity5553 leading to treatment discontinuation occurred in three @entity1 (4%). The antibiotic treatment duration was significantly longer in @entity1 treated with @entity5553 compared with other antibiotic regimens (median, 13 weeks vs. 6 weeks). Post-treatment outcomes were considered favourable (total or partial recovery, including orthopaedics aftermath) in 89-93% of @entity1 , with no significant difference between treatment groups. In conclusion, oral @entity5553 at 500   mg @entity2794 is a well-tolerated and efficacious antibiotic treatment for @entity79 . Our approach of following-up all treated @entity1 is a useful way to validate specific clinical practices.

title: XXXX at the usual dosage to treat @entity79 : a cohort analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['BJIs', 'bone and joint infections']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluoroquinolones']

answer: @entity5553 :: (D064704,Chemical) :: ['Levofloxacin']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors report study protocols and initial clinical experience in assessing @entity1 with acute and chronic @entity1504 using the recently introduced technique of volume computed tomography (VCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with presumptive @entity1504 underwent VCT using a 320-slice scanner (detector width, 160 mm), including time-resolved whole-brain perfusion and cerebral angiography (four-dimensional computed tomographic angiography [CTA] and computed tomographic perfusion [ @entity93 ]). Unenhanced cranial CT (cCT) and helical cervicocranial CT (three-dimensional CTA) were added according to clinical requirements. Study protocols are presented, and image quality, data management, and radiation exposure issues are discussed. RESULTS: In 12 of 13 @entity1 , the procedure was performed successfully on admission; in the other @entity1 , the study was aborted for clinical reasons and repeated. Total scan time amounted to about 5 minutes, and data reconstruction times were up to 10 minutes. About 9000 primary images were generated, partially in the enhanced Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format, thus requiring new data postprocessing and management strategies. Image artifacts restricted the use of single-rotation cCT and incremental VCT (three-dimensional CTA). Overall exposure figures (computed tomographic dose index and dose-length product) were increased by 65% on average when three-dimensional CTA was added to volume cCT and four-dimensional CTA and @entity93 (5.0 @entity2073 and 2178 mGy . cm, respectively). CONCLUSION: Preliminary clinical experience indicates that whole-brain four-dimensional CTA and @entity93 is a robust technique that provides relevant clinical information with respect to whole-brain perfusion as well as cerebral hemodynamics. The exposure benefit of deriving time-resolved perfusion and vessel images from one source data set is compromised when adding three-dimensional CTA to the protocol. Other acquisition techniques specific to VCT, such as single-rotation cCT and incremental three-dimensional CTA, suffer from restrictions in terms of image quality at present.

title: 4-D Imaging in XXXX by using 320-slice CT: feasibility and preliminary clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disorders', 'cerebrovascular insufficiency']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular disorders']


abstract: Bone never forms without vascular interactions. This simple statement of fact does not adequately reflect the physiological and pharmacological implications of the relationship. The vasculature is the conduit for nutrient exchange between bone and the rest of the body. The vasculature provides the sustentacular niche for development of osteoblast progenitors and is the conduit for egress of bone marrow cell products arising, in turn, from the osteoblast-dependent haematopoietic niche. Importantly, the second most calcified structure in @entity1 after the skeleton is the vasculature. Once considered a passive process of dead and dying cells, vascular @entity730 has emerged as an actively regulated form of tissue biomineralization. Skeletal morphogens and osteochondrogenic transcription factors are expressed by cells within the vessel wall, which regulates the deposition of vascular @entity460 . Osteotropic hormones, including @entity461 , regulate both vascular and skeletal mineralization. Cellular, endocrine and metabolic signals that flow bidirectionally between the vasculature and bone are necessary for both bone health and vascular health. Dysmetabolic states including @entity6 , uraemia and hyperlipidaemia perturb the @entity79 , giving rise to devastating @entity455 . A detailed understanding of bone-vascular interactions is necessary to address the unmet clinical needs of an increasingly aged and @entity18948 population.

title: Arterial calcification and bone physiology: role of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular and skeletal disease']

entities_list: @entity18948 :: ('MESH:D024821', 'Disease') :: ['dysmetabolic']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone-vascular axis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone-vascular axis']


abstract: Modulation of atrioventricular (AV) node conduction and radiofrequency ablation of AV junction are alternative approaches to control ventricular rate in drug refractory @entity955 ( @entity955 ). In 2 centers, 120 @entity1 were treated either with AV junction ablation (center 1, group 1, 60 @entity1 [30 @entity1 , aged 64 +/- 11 years], paroxysmal @entity955 in 24 @entity1 ) or with modulation (group 2, 60 @entity1 [32 @entity1 , aged 58 +/- 12 years], paroxysmal @entity955 in 43 @entity1 ). In group 1, complete @entity713 was achieved in all @entity1 . In group 2, the procedure was performed in sinus rhythm (30 @entity1 ), prolonging the Wenckebach cycle length from 328 +/- 85 to 466 +/- 80 ms (p <0.01) or during @entity955 (30 @entity1 ), decreasing ventricular rate from 178 +/- 35 to 96 +/- 35 beats/min (p <0.01), and to <100 beats/min in 17 @entity1 (61%). Complete @entity713 was induced in 9 of 60 @entity1 (15%). In groups 1 and 2, at a follow-up of 27 +/- 7 and 26 +/- 6 months, there were 2 deaths (1 cardiac, 1 sudden death) and 1 death for end-stage @entity712 , respectively. Hospital readmissions decreased from 3.2 to 0.2 and from 4.2 to 0.2/year; late @entity955 recurrences at of >120 beats/min were documented in 6% and 12%, respectively. Symptom score analysis including effort and rest @entity1353 , exercise intolerance, weakness, and palpitation showed a significant improvement in both treatment groups, when acutely effective, in @entity1 with paroxysmal and/or chronic @entity955 . In conclusion, ablation of the AV junction shows a higher acute success rate compared with modulation of the AV node conduction in @entity1 with drug refractory @entity955 . Depending on the acute success, both approaches therefore were similarly effective in achieving long-term ventricular rate control and symptom score improvement.

title: Radiofrequency ablation of atrioventricular junction and pacemaker implantation versus modulation of XXXX in drug refractory @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular conduction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hashimoto's @entity75 is a @entity146 with symptoms of @entity73 , @entity64 -like episodes, @entity410 , and @entity716 or affective symptoms associated with @entity1669 and excellent @entity479 responsiveness; therefore, it is also called " @entity479 responsive @entity75 associated with @entity1669 " ( @entity14752 ). CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 50-year-old @entity1 who developed a first-onset @entity308 with predominant @entity73 and inability to work. Antidepressive treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy over two years were unsuccessful. Neurological examination was unremarkable. Serum analysis showed increased thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies. Cerebrospinal fluid protein and albumin quotient were increased. Magnetic resonance imaging depicted unspecific, supratentorial white matter lesions and frontal accentuated @entity1010 . Electroencephalography was normal. Neuropsychological testing for attentional performance was below average. High-dose intravenous treatment with @entity1667 over 5  days and oral dose reduction over 3  weeks led to the sustained improvement of clinical symptoms. Following discharge from the hospital, the @entity1 returned to work, and 6.5  months after the start of therapy, no neuropsychological deficit remained. CONCLUSION: This case report illustrates that @entity14752 might present with purely depressive symptoms, thus mimicking classical @entity308 . In such cases, @entity228 therapy may be an effective treatment option.

title: @entity479 responsive @entity75 associated with @entity1669 ( XXXX ) presenting as @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive syndrome', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity14752 :: (MESH:C535841,Disease) :: ['SREAT']


abstract: @entity1567 is an epithelial benign @entity5 of the odontogenic apparatus and its growth mechanisms are not well understood. @entity10006 , @entity10471 and @entity14290 , which are expressed by the neural crest-derived ectomesenchymal cells, induce the proliferation of odontogenic epithelial cells during tooth development. Therefore, we examined the expression and function of these FGFs in @entity1567 . We examined 32 cases of @entity1567 as well as AM-1 cells (an @entity1567 cell line) and studied the expression of @entity10006 , @entity10471 , @entity14290 and their specific receptors, namely, @entity7167 and @entity7991 . Proliferation, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and PI3K signaling were examined in AM-1 cells after the addition of @entity10471 , @entity14290 and these neutralizing antibodies. The expression of @entity10471 , @entity14290 , @entity7167 and @entity7991 was detected in @entity1567 cells and AM-1 cells, while that of @entity10006 was not. @entity10471 and @entity14290 stimulated AM-1 cell proliferation and phosphorylation of @entity10368 /42 MAPK. However, @entity584 was not phosphorylated. Blocking the @entity10368 /42 MAPK pathway by using a specific @entity8047 ( @entity8047 ) inhibitor ( @entity5732 ) completely neutralized the effects of @entity10471 and @entity14290 on AM-1 cell proliferation. However, Anti @entity10471 and @entity14290 neutralizing antibodies did not decrease cell proliferation and MAPK phosphorylation of AM-1 cells. These results suggested that @entity10471 and @entity14290 are involved in the proliferation of @entity1567 cells through the MAPK pathway.

title: Fibroblast growth factors 7 and 10 are involved in XXXX proliferation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

entities_list: @entity8047 :: ('5609', 'Gene') :: ['mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'MEK']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma', 'Ameloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity10006 :: ('2248', 'Gene') :: ['Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 3', 'FGF3']

answer: @entity1567 :: (MESH:D000564,Disease) :: ['ameloblastoma']


abstract: Current diagnostic classification criteria recommend elevated titres of anti-cardiolipin (aCL) and/or anti- @entity9500 antibody by ELISA IgG or IgM and/or @entity4555 ( @entity4555 ) to confirm @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). Although IgA aPL antibodies have been shown to be pathogenic in animal models of @entity1701 , their clinical significance has remained elusive. We report four cases of exclusive IgA anti- @entity9500 antibody sero-positivity with concomitant clinical manifestations associated with @entity1701 . Four of the five @entity1 were @entity4555 negative. 1) Thirty-eight-year-old African-American female with @entity1252 presented with resolving digital ulcers. Serum IgA anti- @entity9500 antibody titres were 118.5 SAU (normal range: 0-20 SAU). 2) Twenty-seven-year-old African-American @entity1 with @entity1252 was evaluated for recent onset of severe @entity10 , unresponsive to analgesics and anti- @entity2704 medications. MRI of the brain revealed @entity62 . Serum IgA anti- @entity9500 antibody titres were 29.1 Standard A Units (SAU). 3) Thirty-two-year-old Hispanic female with history of two unexplained miscarriages and negative serologies for @entity1252 . Serum IgA anti- @entity9500 antibody titres were 102.0 SAU. 4) Twenty-five-year-old white female with history of recent unexplained miscarriage in the 11th week of gestation and associated complaints of @entity1183 and tingling in her hands. Her IgA anti- @entity9500 antibody titre was 62.0 SAU. 5) Twenty-five-year-old African-American @entity1 with @entity1252 , positive for anti-Ro antibodies with a history of @entity63 fingers, a @entity393 and recent pregnancy complicated due to @entity1468 . Her @entity4555 was positive and her IgA anti- @entity9500 antibody titer was 186.0 SAU. This case series supports that elevated IgA anti- @entity9500 antibody titres may identify additional @entity1 who have clinical features of @entity1701 but who do not meet current diagnostic criteria.

title: Isolated elevation of IgA anti-beta2glycoprotein I antibodies with manifestations of XXXX : a case series of five @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant', 'LA']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-intensities in the white matter in the frontal lobes']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: From January 1980 to December 1985, a total of 110 @entity1 with @entity2622 were treated with radiotherapy. The mean age was 53 years. Ten @entity1 were excluded due to incomplete treatment. The population was grouped according to the classification by Ciatto et al. into @entity1 with central recurrence (n = 48), with peripheral limited recurrence (n = 43), and with peripheral massive recurrence (n = 9). The midpelvic dose given to @entity1 with central recurrence was 40 to 45 Gy, followed by a boost given either by perineal teletherapy with 30 Gy or brachytherapy with 30 Gy at 0.5 cm. beneath the vaginal mucosa. For the peripheral group, the midpelvic dose was 50 Gy followed by a boost of 10 Gy through reduced portals. Further boost to the vaginal mucosa was given by either of the two methods mentioned above. The overall 5-year survival rate was 28%. In the group with central recurrence, it was 42% and in the group with peripheral recurrence 15%. Sixteen @entity1 had persistent local @entity5 and 15 @entity1 developed distant @entity3 . Complications noted were @entity4272 (5%), @entity2335 (2%), @entity789 (2%) and @entity3622 (2%). Our data clearly indicate that radiotherapy was effective in controlling central recurrence, but for peripheral recurrence, control rate and prognosis were less favorable.

title: Radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative recurrent uterine cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['vesicovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['postoperative recurrent uterine cervical carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Social exclusion can be both a cause and a consequence of mental health problems. Socially inclusive practice by mental health professionals can mitigate against the stigmatizing and excluding effects of severe @entity1032 . AIM: To develop and test the validity of a measure of social inclusion for individuals with severe @entity1032 - the Social Inclusion Questionnaire User Experience (SInQUE). METHOD: The domains of the SInQUE were chosen to reflect the domains of social inclusion identified in the Poverty and Social Exclusion Survey. @entity1 with severe @entity1032 were recruited from rehabilitation, general and forensic @entity146 services and were asked to complete the questionnaire in an individual interview with a researcher. RESULTS: Sixty six @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity914 completed the SInQUE, alongside measures of @entity146 symptoms, needs and quality of life, to assess its acceptability, and concurrent and construct (convergent and discriminant) validity. The SInQUE took 45 minutes to complete and was found to have good concurrent and discriminant validity. Convergent validity was established for two domains: social integration and productivity. CONCLUSION: Preliminary findings suggest that the SInQUE may be a useful tool for assessing and monitoring social inclusion in individuals with severe @entity1032 . It has construct and concurrent validity with measures of unmet need and quality of life in this group. Further testing of the reliability of the SInQUE on a larger population is indicated.

title: Development and preliminary validation of a measure of social inclusion for use in XXXX with mental health problems: the SInQUE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: A 64-year-old male farmer presented with a rapidly progressive swelling of the left mandible since 6 months. The swelling was firm to hard, diffuse, nontender, obliterating the vestibule with @entity809 of lower lip. The cone beam computed tomography imaging revealed an ill-defined, moth-eaten radiolucency with destruction of the @entity717 . The rapid growth and @entity146 coupled with guidance from the @entity1 's previous reports from the incisional biopsy and fine needle aspiration cytology warranted a mandibular resection. Microscopic examination showed an encapsulated lesion situated in the connective tissue containing a mixture of proliferating spindle-shaped cells arranged in fascicles and round cells infiltrating into the connective tissue stroma and bone. The neoplastic cells exhibited atypical features such as pleomorphism, hyperchromatism and increased mitotic figures with noncleaved nuclei. A working diagnosis of a spindle-cell sarcoma was arrived at with various differentials provided such as @entity1492 , @entity980 , @entity1822 , @entity808 , Langerhans cell histiocytosis and @entity706 and stating the need for immunohistochemistry to subtype the @entity5 . The neoplastic cells were negative for Van Gieson's stain and Masson's trichrome. Immunohistochemical analysis performed using desmin, smooth muscle actin, @entity2281 and @entity4896 in a bid to determine the phenotype of the @entity5 and rule out the previously stated differentials were all negative for the lesion. Lymphoid markers such as leukocyte common antigen and @entity2225 (cluster differentiation marker for B-cells) showed positivity in spindle-shaped cells as well as round cells indicating the @entity5 to be a lymphoproliferative lesion of B-cell type. A final diagnosis of "spindle-cell variant of @entity1893 " was rendered based on the immunohistochemical profile.

title: A rare spindle-cell variant of XXXX of the mandible.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['buccal and lingual cortical plates']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Lymph-node involvement is the most important prognostic factor in @entity14 . Many staging systems adopted node status as a parameter of @entity5 classification. However, the number of identified and positive glands varies across articles, depending on specimen examination. There is a consistent risk of substaging @entity5 and undertreating @entity1 . Aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of different pathologic methods. METHODS: Eight hundred one @entity1 who underwent curative resection of @entity14 entered the study and were divided into two groups. In Group 1 the specimen was "en bloc" fixed, and nodes were identified by sight and palpation. In Group 2 the mesentery of the excised specimen was dissected away from the bowel, stretched, and pinned to cork board. The mesenteric segment surrounding the origin of principal vessels was divided from the segment surrounding the colic vessels. All specimen segments were fixed, node identification being performed by sight and palpation. Examined and positive nodes were recorded, and metastatic rate and incidence was calculated in the two groups. @entity1 were classified with use of different staging systems. Survival rates were calculated, related to @entity5 stage, and compared statistically. Pathologic procedures were included in a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A significantly higher number of detected and positive nodes and metastatic rate (37.5 vs. 30.2 percent; P < 0.05) were observed in Group 2; 45.2 percent of Group 2 and 25.3 percent of Group 1 cases had more than three positive nodes (P < 0.05). In Group 2 several @entity1 shifted from earlier to more advanced stages compared with Group 1 cases. Five-year and ten-year survival rates were significantly higher (P = 0.04) in Group 2 (81.5 and 77.2 percent) than in Group 1 (76.7 and 61.5 percent), mostly in @entity1 with TNM Stage N0. Survival analysis related to Astler and Coller's and Tang's classifications confirmed such features. Higher rates of local recurrences and distant @entity3 were found in Group 1, particularly if related to node status (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated the pathologic method is an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the prognostic impact of specimen examination. Inaccurate methods could down-stage the @entity5 and exclude the @entity1 from adjuvant therapies, with detrimental effects on the outcome of the case.

title: Accurate lymph-node detection in colorectal specimens resected for XXXX is of prognostic significance.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the 5-year outcomes using whole-breast intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for the treatment of @entity0 at the Fox Chase @entity5 Center. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 946 @entity1 with @entity0 (stage 0, I, or II) were treated with IMRT after surgery with or without systemic therapy from 2003-2010. Whole-breast radiation was delivered via an IMRT technique with a median whole-breast radiation dose of 46 Gy and median @entity5 bed boost of 14 Gy. Endpoints included local-regional recurrence, cosmesis, and late complications. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 31 months (range, 1-97 months), there were 12 ipsilateral @entity0 recurrences (IBTR) and one locoregional recurrence. The 5-year actuarial IBTR and locoregional recurrence rates were 2.0% and 2.4%. Physician-reported cosmestic outcomes were available for 645 @entity1 : 63% were considered "excellent", 33% "good", and <1.5% "fair/poor". For physician-reported cosmesis, boost doses>= 16 Gy, breast size>900 cc, or boost volumes>34 cc were significantly associated with a "fair/poor" cosmetic outcome. @entity82 , @entity4 , @entity5105 , and telangectasia were also associated with "fair/poor" physician-reported cosmesis; @entity5105 and telangectasia remained significant on multivariate analysis. @entity1 -reported cosmesis was available for 548 @entity1 , and 33%, 50%, and 17% of @entity1 reported "excellent", "good", and "fair/poor" cosmesis, respectively. The use of a boost and increased boost volume: breast volume ratio were significantly associated with "fair/poor" outcomes. No parameter for @entity1 -reported cosmesis was significant on multivariate analysis. The chances of experiencing a treatment related effect was significantly associated with a boost dose>= 16 Gy, receipt of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, large breast size, and electron boost energy. CONCLUSIONS: Whole-breast IMRT is associated with very low rates of local recurrence at 5 years, 83%-98% "good/excellent" cosmetic outcomes, and minimal chronic @entity137 , including late @entity82 .

title: Five-year results of whole breast intensity modulated radiation therapy for the treatment of early stage XXXX : the Fox Chase @entity5 Center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor', 'early-stage breast cancer', 'early-stage-breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: An overactive renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is known to contribute to @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Although @entity15505 overexpression has been shown to be protective against the overactive RAS, a role for pancreatic @entity15505 , particularly in the islets of Langerhans, in regulating glycemia in response to elevated @entity15395 ( @entity15395 ) levels remains to be elucidated. This study examined the role of endogenous pancreatic @entity15505 and the impact of elevated @entity15395 levels on the enzyme's ability to alleviate @entity4854 in an @entity15395 infusion @entity19 model. Male C57bl/6J @entity19 were infused with @entity15395 or saline for a period of 14 days. On the 7th day of infusion, either an adenovirus encoding @entity1 @entity15505 (Ad- @entity15505 ) or a control adenovirus (Ad-eGFP) was injected into the @entity19 pancreas. After an additional 7-8 days, glycemia and plasma insulin levels as well as RAS components expression and oxidative stress were assessed. @entity15395 -infused @entity19 exhibited @entity4854 , @entity3190 , and impaired @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets compared with control @entity19 . This phenotype was associated with decreased @entity15505 expression and activity, increased @entity14207 ( @entity14207 ) expression, and increased oxidative stress in the @entity19 pancreas. Ad- @entity15505 treatment restored pancreatic @entity15505 expression and compensatory activity against @entity15395 -mediated @entity73 , thus improving b-cell function. Our data suggest that decreased pancreatic @entity15505 is a link between overactive RAS and @entity73 in @entity6 . Moreover, maintenance of a normal endogenous @entity15505 compensatory activity in the pancreas appears critical to avoid b-cell dysfunction, supporting a therapeutic potential for @entity15505 in controlling @entity6 resulting from an overactive RAS.

title: Pancreatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 improves glycemia in XXXX -infused @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired glycemia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity15395 :: (11606(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies failed to assess the individual prognostic role of @entity715 aspiration (TA) or abciximab in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI), due their prevalent combined use. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 644 consecutive ST-segment elevation @entity583 @entity1 treated with pPCI were included in this retrospective registry from January 2006 to December 2008. @entity1 were divided in: (a) Group 1, with conventional pPCI; (b) Group 2, with pPCI and abciximab; (c) Group 3, with pPCI and TA; (d) Group 4, with pPCI and abciximab plus TA. Primary end point was the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs, defined as overall mortality, @entity583 , target vessel revascularization, and major bleedings) at 1 year. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were not different among the groups, with the exception of a younger age in group 4. The two groups of @entity1 treated with TA (group 3 and 4) received more frequently direct stenting (P < 0.001 vs. group 1 for both), presented higher rate of end-procedural TIMI flow grade 3 (P < 0.001 vs. group 1 for both), and lower rate of no-reflow (P = 0.016 and P < 0.001 vs. group 1, respectively). @entity1 of group 2 presented a borderline nonsignificant trend toward higher rate of end-procedural TIMI flow grade 3 (P = 0.083 vs. group 1). MACEs at 1 year were 43 (29%) in group 1 versus 25 (22%) in group 2 versus 24 (19%) in group 3 versus 32 (13%) in group 4 (log-rank P = 0.001). At the multivariate Cox regression analysis, combined TA plus abciximab in group 4 [hazard ratio (HR): 0.48, confidence interval (CI) 95% 0.28-0.84, P = 0.01] and a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (HR: 0.97, CI 95% 0.95-0.98, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with lower MACE rate. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of pharmacologic and mechanic antithrombotic treatment during pPCI was associated with better 1-year clinical outcome.

title: Synergistic effect of XXXX aspiration and abciximab in primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: Although islet transplantation is an effective treatment for @entity164 1 @entity6 , primary engraftment failure contributes to suboptimal outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that islet isolation and transplantation activate innate immunity through TLR expressed on islets. @entity19 islets constitutively express @entity8932 and @entity1990 , and TLR activation with peptidoglycan or @entity558 upregulates islet production of cytokines and chemokines. Following transplantation into @entity3839 -induced @entity6 , syngeneic @entity19 , islets exposed to @entity558 or peptidoglycan had primary graft failure with intra- and peri-islet mononuclear cell @entity32 . The use of knockout @entity19 showed that recipient CD8(+) T cells caused engraftment failure and did so in the absence of islet-derived DC. To mimic physiological islet injury, islets were transplanted with exocrine debris. Transplantation of @entity26789 (-/-) islets reduced proinflammatory cytokine production and improved islet survival. Stressed islets released the alarmin @entity8919 ( @entity8919 ) and recombinant @entity8919 ( @entity22520 ) induced NFkB activation. NFkB activation was prevented in the absence of both @entity8932 and @entity1990 . @entity22520 pretreatment also prevented primary engraftment through a @entity26789 -dependent pathway. Our results show that islet graft failure can be initiated by @entity8932 and @entity1990 signaling and suggest that @entity8919 is one likely early mediator. Subsequent downstream signaling results in intra-islet @entity32 followed by T-cell-mediated graft destruction.

title: Islet-expressed XXXX and @entity1990 sense injury and mediate early graft failure after transplantation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8919 :: ('15289(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['high-mobility group box protein 1', 'HMGB1']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

answer: @entity8932 :: (24088(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TLR2']


abstract: Thirty-one adherent cell lines have been established from the spleens, lymph nodes, and bone marrow of C57BL/6 @entity19 carrying @entity16799 (Duplan isolate)-induced @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ). The cell lines had a stable epithelial or fibroblastoid morphology, Supernatant virus from these lines induced @entity4559 in 100% of inoculated C57BL/6 @entity19 within 30 days. The disease was generalized and involved many organs. The monolayer cells themselves were not @entity5 cells and induced @entity1544 through @entity778 . Simultaneous inoculation of in vitro-grown RCN-inducing @entity778 induced each disease independently with unaltered incidence, latency period, and organ involvement; no mutual enhancement or inhibition was found, thus two separate mechanisms of action were indicated. Reextraction of the viruses from spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus gland indicated the specific organotropism of each agent. All the adherent cell lines that were derived from hematopoietic tissues produced ample, potent @entity1544 . This high success rate suggests that in the hematopoietic organs the stromal, fibroblastoid cells are a natural habitat for the @entity1544 . The @entity1544 species may well be synthesized in these hematopoietic stromal cells. @entity1544 from culture supernatants contained high-titer infectious ecotropic and xenotropic virus that was titrated. The cultures are being used to clone the @entity1544 and to establish the virologic and molecular properties that endow it with specific @entity1544 -inducing capacity.

title: Reticulum cell neoplasms induced in C57BL/6 XXXX by cultured virus grown in stromal hematopoietic cell lines.

entities_list: @entity4559 :: ('MESH:D013160', 'Disease') :: ['splenic and lymph node RCN']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus any thymic lymphosarcoma virus', 'infection of the host with RCN virus']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['reticulum cell neoplasms', 'RCN-inducing virus', 'RCN']

entities_list: @entity16799 :: ('MESH:D007953', 'Disease') :: ['radiation leukemia virus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Four @entity1 with @entity5714 associated with @entity189 are presented and compared to 12 previously described @entity1 . These @entity1 commonly seek medical attention for symptoms of @entity417 rather than for complaints due to the @entity5 mass. The physician should particularly evaluate for an underlying @entity189 when a @entity1 over the age of 60 years presents with @entity5506 . Autoimmune @entity2142 has been demonstrated in @entity1 with a wide variety of @entity5 , including @entity957 , @entity420 , @entity1358 , @entity4153 and a @entity4797 . Corticosteroid treatment is less effective in @entity5506 associated with @entity189 than in idiopathic @entity2142 . @entity5 extirpation in @entity1 with localized @entity5 may abolish the @entity5506 . Control of the @entity189 through irradiation and chemotherapy together with corticosteroid therapy and/or splenectomy lessened the @entity417 in some @entity1 . The positive Coombs' test may revert to negative with @entity5 excision or control. Subsequently, the positivity of the Coombs' reaction may provide a clue to recurrent neoplastic activity. The pathogenic mechanism underlying the association between @entity189 and @entity5506 is poorly understood.

title: Autoimmune @entity5714 and XXXX : an unusual association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['oat cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic disease', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia', 'autoimmune hemolytic disease']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hypernephromas']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ["Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia"]

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolysis', 'hemolytic disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Surgical revision of a tape inserted for @entity3142 may be indicated for @entity158 , or tape exposure or extrusion. This study assesses the clinical outcomes of revision surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of 47 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgical revision for the indications of @entity158 , tape exposure or tape extrusion. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 underwent revision. 29 @entity1 (62 %) had initial tape placement at another institution. Mean interval between placement and revision was 30 months. 39 @entity1 (83 %) had an identifiable tape exposure or extrusion with or without @entity158 , while 8 @entity1 (17 %) presented with @entity158 alone. 11 (23 %) of the tapes were infected clinically and histologically at revision, 10 of the 11 (90 %) being of a multifilament type. In 23 (49 %) cases, the revision aimed to completely remove the tape. Partial excision 24 (51 %) was reserved for localised exposures or extrusions where @entity281 was not suspected. A concomitant continence procedure was performed in 9(19 %) at the time of tape revision. None of these 9 @entity1 has experienced recurrent @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ) compared with 11 out of 38 @entity1 (29 %) requiring further stress incontinence surgery when no continence procedure was performed (Fisher's exact p   =   0.092). Eight out of 47 underwent revision surgery for @entity158 with no identifiable exposure or extrusion; @entity158 subsequently resolved in all 8 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Excision is an effective treatment for tape exposure and @entity158 whether @entity281 is present or not. Tapes of a multifilament type are strongly associated with @entity281 . When @entity281 is present, complete sling removal is necessary. A concomitant procedure to prevent recurrent @entity3142 should be considered if tape excision is planned and @entity281 is not suspected.

title: Functional outcomes following surgical management of @entity158 , exposure or extrusion following a suburethral tape insertion for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['urinary stress incontinence', 'stress urinary incontinence', 'SUI']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['urinary stress incontinence']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is pathologically characterized by the accumulation of senile plaques, containing activated microglia and amyloid-b peptides (Ab). We found that aggregated Ab1-40 peptide (25  M, 24 h) significantly decreased viability of BV-2 microglial cells. This was concentration-dependently attenuated by @entity8835 (a @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) donor, 25-500  M). @entity8835 also significantly attenuated Ab-induced LDH release and the up-regulation of protein expression of growth arrest DNA damage ( @entity3726 ). These data suggest that @entity3958 may attenuate Ab-induced cell @entity137 and cell cycle re-entry. Pretreatment with @entity8835 also suppressed the release of @entity842 and the upregulation of inducible @entity842 synthase. These effects were attenuated by exogenous application of @entity8835 or stimulation of endogenous generation of @entity3958 with @entity3874 , a @entity3959 b synthase activator. @entity8835 also decreased the releases of @entity310 and suppressed the up-regulation of protein expression of @entity3840 , which were mimicked by blockade of @entity1435 and JNK-MAPK. In addition, Ab induced loss of mitochondrial member potential (/\  m) and activation of @entity1435 -, JNK-, and @entity3963 -MAPKs. Application of @entity8835 attenuated these effects but failed to affect the activation of @entity3963 . In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that @entity3958 may protect cell against Ab-induced cell injury by inhibition of @entity32 , promotion of cell growth and preservation of mitochondrial function in a @entity1435 - and JNK-MAPK dependent manner. Our results suggest that @entity3958 may have potential therapeutic value for treatment of @entity195 .

title: XXXX protects amyloid-b induced cell @entity137 in microglia.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3959 :: ('MESH:D003540', 'Chemical') :: ['cystathionine']

entities_list: @entity3874 :: ('CHEBI:15414', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosyl-L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity3957 :: (MESH:D006862,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity57 is a lethal mold infection in the immunocompromised host. Understanding initial control of infection and how this is altered in the immunocompromised host are key goals for comprehension of the pathogenesis of @entity57 . OBJECTIVES: To characterize the outcome of @entity1 macrophage infection with @entity54 and how this is altered in transplant recipients on calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressants. METHODS: We defined the outcome of @entity1 macrophage infection with A. fumigatus, as well as the impact of calcineurin inhibitors, through a combination of single-cell fluorescence imaging, transcriptomics, proteomics, and in vivo studies. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Macrophage phagocytosis of A. fumigatus enabled control of 90% of fungal germination. However, fungal germination in the late phagosome led to macrophage @entity39 . During programmed necroptosis, we observed frequent cell-cell transfer of A. fumigatus between macrophages, which assists subsequent control of germination in recipient macrophages. Lateral transfer occurred through actin-dependent exocytosis of the late endosome in a vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein envelope. Its relevance to the control of fungal germination was also shown by direct visualization in our @entity3392 @entity2381 model in vivo. The calcineurin inhibitor @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) reduced cell death and lateral transfer in vitro by 50%. This resulted in uncontrolled fungal germination in macrophages and also resulted in hyphal escape. CONCLUSIONS: These observations identify programmed, @entity39 -dependent lateral transfer of A. fumigatus between macrophages as an important host strategy for controlling fungal germination. This process is critically dependent on calcineurin. Our studies provide fundamental insights into the pathogenesis of @entity57 in the immunocompromised host.

title: Calcineurin Orchestrates Lateral Transfer of XXXX during Macrophage Cell Death.

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis', 'Pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of the study is to analyze the outcome and complications after locked plating of proximal humerus fractures with the extended deltoid split approach though a shoulder @entity10874 incision. DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : Fifty-two adult @entity1 with a displaced 3 or 4 part proximal humerus @entity174 or @entity174 dislocation. INTERVENTIONS: Open reduction and locked plate osteosynthesis through an extended deltoid split approach using a @entity10874 incision. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Electrophysiological assessment of axillary nerve function at 6 weeks and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively in those @entity1 in whom an abnormality was detected postoperatively. Functional outcome measurement using normalized Constant scores at 6 and 12 months. Other measures include radiological assessment and complications. RESULTS: @entity130 to the anterior part of the axillary nerve was electrically evident but not clinically apparent in 4 @entity1 . The normalized Constant score continued to show significant improvement 1 year post surgery, 67.3    11.3 at 6 months and 80.2    7.7 at 1 year (P = 0.001)). Union was obtained in all @entity1 . Varus/valgus/tuberosity malreductions were seen in 8 @entity1 . @entity393 was seen in 2 @entity1 . Two @entity1 had radiological evidence of @entity2530 at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Locked plating of proximal humerus fractures through an extended deltoid split approach using a shoulder @entity10874 incision provides satisfactory outcomes. @entity128 is the only limitation of the approach and can be minimized with careful identification and protection of the nerve throughout the procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Complex proximal humerus fractures treated with locked plating utilizing an extended deltoid split approach with a shoulder XXXX incision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['Axillary nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of reduction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traction injury']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity10874 :: (11171,Gene) :: ['strap']


abstract: PURPOSE: The benefit of radiation therapy in extremity soft @entity242 remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation therapy on overall survival among @entity1 with primary soft @entity242 of the extremity who underwent limb-sparing surgery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective study from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database that included data from January 1, 1988, to December 31, 2005. A total of 6,960 @entity1 constituted the study population. Overall survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meir method and for @entity1 with low- and high-grade @entity5 . Hazard ratios were calculated based on multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Of the cohort, 47% received radiation therapy. There was no significant difference in overall survival among @entity1 with low-grade @entity5 by radiation therapy. In high-grade @entity5 , the 3-year overall survival was 73% in @entity1 who received radiation therapy vs. 63% for those who did not receive radiation therapy (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, @entity1 with high-grade @entity5 who received radiation therapy had an improved overall survival (hazard ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.57-0.79). In @entity1 receiving radiation therapy, 13.5% received it in a neoadjuvant setting. The incidence of @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant radiation did not change significantly between 1988 and 2005. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the largest population-based study reported in @entity1 undergoing limb-sparing surgery for soft @entity242 of the extremities. It reports that radiation was associated with improved survival in @entity1 with high-grade @entity5 .

title: Improved survival with radiation therapy in high-grade soft XXXX of the extremities: a SEER analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['tissue sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['tissue sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1032 often experience unique barriers to healthy eating and physical activity. For these clients, interventions should focus on changes in the immediate environment to change behaviors. The purpose of this project was to implement and evaluate policy changes that would limit calorie intake and increase calorie expenditure of clients receiving mental health services. CONTEXT: This intervention was implemented in a rural mental health system in the southeastern United States. Clients live in small group homes, where they are served breakfast, dinner, and a snack, and attend outpatient day treatment programs, where they are served lunch and can purchase snacks from vending machines. METHODS: This intervention included institutional policy changes that altered menus and vending machine options and implemented group walking programs. Primary outcome measures were changes in clients' weight at 3 and 6 months after policy implementation. CONSEQUENCES: At the 3-month follow-up, the median @entity353 for overweight/ @entity28 clients (n = 45) was 1.4 kg. The 33 overweight/ @entity28 clients who were still in the group homes at the 6-month follow-up either maintained or continued to lose weight. INTERPRETATION: Institutional policy changes aimed at improving dietary intake and physical activity levels among clients receiving mental health services can promote @entity353 in overweight clients.

title: Institutional policy changes aimed at addressing XXXX among mental health clients.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the prevalence of @entity209 and @entity5710 in a population of the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador, aged 55-65 years; to observe if there are differences in prevalence between males and females, and to describe the frequency with which each component of the @entity209 is found in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: population-based cross-sectional study in Guayaquil. We recruited @entity1 of both genders, with ages ranging from 55 to 65 years. Through clinical history, physical examination and laboratory tests, we obtained necessary data to diagnose @entity209 . Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS(  ) 22. RESULTS: we obtained a sample of 213 @entity1 , 64.5% were females and 35.5% were males. Mean age was 60.3 years (  3.1). A total 65.8% of @entity1 had increased waist circumference, and 45% were diagnosed with @entity209 . @entity2298 was the most prevalent condition in males, while @entity1 more commonly had low HDL. @entity5710 was diagnosed in 45.9% of our @entity1 , and 19.5% had both disorders. There was no significant difference on @entity209 prevalence between genders, but @entity5710 was significantly more common in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: we found a high prevalence of @entity209 and @entity5710 in Guayaquil, higher than what was reported in other areas. @entity1144 is even more prevalent. @entity1 have @entity5710 more frequently than @entity1 . Our @entity1 , given their age, are at higher risk of @entity65 and @entity73 by having @entity209 .

title: Prevalence of @entity209 and XXXX in an urban population of Guayaquil, Ecuador.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes', 'Prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome and/or prediabetes', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity5710 :: (MESH:D011236,Disease) :: ['prediabetes']


abstract: Endotoxin tolerance (ET), defined as reduced inflammatory responsiveness to endotoxin challenge following a first encounter with endotoxin, is an extensively studied phenomenon. Although reduced mortality and morbidity in the presence of ET has been demonstrated in animal studies, little is known about the temporal development of ET. Further, in acute @entity649 ET correlates to the severity of the disease, suggesting a complicated relation between ET and @entity881 . Eighteen @entity1707 were subjected to intensive care and a continuous endotoxin infusion for 24 h with the aim to study the time course of early ET and to relate ET to outcome in @entity881 . Three animals served as non-endotoxemic controls. Blood samples for cytokine analyses were taken and physiological variables registered every third hour. Production of @entity14463 , @entity22134 , and @entity18029 before and after endotoxin stimulation ex vivo was measured. The difference between cytokine values after and before ex vivo LPS stimulation (/\-values) was calculated for all time points. /\ @entity14463 was employed as the principal marker of ET and lower /\ @entity14463 values were interpreted as higher levels of ET. During endotoxin infusion, there was suppression of ex vivo productions of @entity14463 and @entity22134 but not of @entity18029 in comparison with that at 0 h. The ex vivo @entity14463 values followed another time concentration curve than those in vivo. /\ @entity14463 was at the lowest already at 6 h, followed by an increase during the ensuing hours. /\ @entity14463 at 6 h correlated positively to blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance and negatively to cardiac index at 24 h. In this study a temporal variation of ET was demonstrated that did not follow changes in plasma @entity14463 concentrations. Maximal ET occurred early in the course and the higher the ET, the more hyperdynamic the circulation 18 h later.

title: Endotoxin tolerance variation over 24 h during porcine endotoxemia: association with changes in circulation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['organ dysfunction']


abstract: High-fat diets induce an expansion of the @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) that can be characterized by chronic low-grade @entity32 . @entity1386 is an important source of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a shift from a high-fat diet to high- @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) diet on the blood levels of adipokines and pro- @entity32 cytokines in @entity19 fed a high-fat diet. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 @entity19 were fed a high-fat diet (40% of the total calories) for 9 weeks to induce @entity28 , and then the diet was shifted to a high @entity435 diet (70% of the total calories) for 3 weeks. Body weight and organ weight as well as blood lipid levels were measured. The serum levels of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Shifting the diet from high fat to high @entity435 decreased significantly body weight, adipose tissues, and liver weight (p < 0.05). The lipid blood levels (TG, Total-chol, and LDL-chol) decreased. The leptin and resistin blood levels significantly decreased after the diet was shifted to a high- @entity435 diet (p < 0.05); however, the adiponectin concentrations did not change. The @entity777 levels were also significantly decreased by the high- @entity435 diet (p < 0.05). The @entity1312 serum levels were significantly increased by the high- @entity435 diet (p < 0.05). Further, the serum levels of the @entity637 and supernatant @entity635 concentrations in @entity19 fed a high- @entity1735 diet were significantly increased after the @entity19 were shifted to a high-fat diet. On the other hand, the serum @entity58 and supernatant levels did not change. Conclusively, reduction of body weight and adipose tissues through shifts from a high-fat diet to a high- @entity1735 diet effectively improved low-grade @entity32 states in @entity19 fed a high-fat diet. Particularly, the reduction of body weight was associated with the levels of leptin, resistin, and @entity777 .

title: Shifts in diet from high fat to high @entity1735 improved levels of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines in XXXX fed a high-fat diet.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'AT']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Racial/ethnic differences in shared decision making about cardiovascular risk-reduction therapy could affect health disparities. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity1 race/ethnicity is associated with experiences discussing cardiovascular risk-reduction therapy with health care providers. SETTING: National sample of US adults identified by random-digit dialing. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey conducted in November 2006 to May 2007. @entity1 : Among @entity1 in the National Survey of Medical Decisions (DECISIONS), a nationally representative sample of English-speaking US adults aged 40 and older, the authors analyzed respondents who reported discussing @entity407 or @entity101 medications with a health care provider in the previous 2 years. MEASUREMENTS: In multivariate linear and logistic regressions adjusting for age, gender, income, insurance status, perceived health, and current therapy, they assessed the relation between race/ethnicity (black/Hispanic v. white) and decision making: knowledge, discussion of pros and cons of therapy, discussion of @entity1 preference, who made the final decision, preferred involvement, and confidence in the decision. RESULTS: Of respondents who discussed high @entity165 (N = 738) or @entity101 (N = 745) medications, 88% were white, 9% black, and 4% Hispanic. Minorities had lower knowledge scores than whites for @entity407 (42% v. 52%, difference -10% [95% confidence interval (CI): 15, -5], P < 0.001), but not for @entity101 . For @entity407 , minorities were more likely than whites to report that the health care provider made the final decision for treatment (31.7% v. 12.3% whites, difference 19.4% [95% CI: 6.9, 33.1%], P < 0.01); this was not true for @entity101 . LIMITATIONS: Possible limitations include the small percentage of minorities in the sample and potential recall bias. CONCLUSIONS: Minorities considering @entity407 therapy may be less informed about and less involved in the final decision-making process.

title: Race, ethnicity, and shared decision making for XXXX and @entity101 treatment: the DECISIONS survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traumatic @entity548 (THS) is a leading cause of preventable @entity204 following severe @entity130 . Resuscitation of THS is typically targeted at blood pressure, but the effects of such a strategy on systemic and microcirculatory flow remains unclear. Failure to restore microcirculatory perfusion has been shown to lead to poor outcomes in experimental and clinical studies. Systemic and microcirculatory variables were examined in a porcine model of complex THS, in order to investigate inter-individual variations in flow and the effect of microcirculatory perfusion on reversal of the shock state. METHODS: Baseline standard microcirculatory variables were obtained for 22 large white @entity1707 using sublingual incident dark field (IDF) video-microscopy. All animals were subjected to a @entity130 followed by a controlled @entity548 of approximately 35  % of blood volume (shock phase). This was followed by 60  min of fluid resuscitation with either 0.9  % saline or component blood products and a target SBP of 80  mmHg (early resuscitation phase). All animals were then given blood products to a target SBP of 110  mmHg for 120  min (mid-resuscitation phase), and a further 100  min (late resuscitation phase). IDF readings were obtained at the midpoint of each of these phases. Cardiac output was measured using a pulmonary artery catheter. Animals were divided into above average (A) and below average (B) perfused vessel density (PVD) groups based on the lowest recorded PVD measurement taken during the @entity1457 phases. RESULTS: There was minimal inter-individual variation in blood pressure but wide variation of both systemic and microcirculatory flow variables during resuscitation. During @entity1457 , group A (n   =   10) had a mean PVD of 10.5 (SD        2.5) mm/mm(2) and group B (n   =   12) 5.5 (SD        4.1) mm/mm(2). During the later resuscitation phases, group A maintained a significantly higher PVD than group B. Group A initially had a higher cardiac output, but the difference between the groups narrowed as resuscitation progressed. At the end of resuscitation, group A had significantly lower plasma @entity880 , higher @entity880 clearance, lower standard base deficit and smaller mixed venous-arterial @entity3158 gradient. There was no significant difference in blood pressure between the two groups at any stage. CONCLUSION: There was a wide variation in both macro- and microcirculatory flow variables in this pressure-targeted experimental model of THS resuscitation. Early changes in microvascular perfusion appear to be key determinants in the reversal of the shock state during resuscitation. Microcirculatory flow parameters may be more reliable markers of physiological insult than pressure-based parameters and are potential targets for goal-directed resuscitation.

title: Microcirculatory perfusion shows wide inter-individual variation and is important in determining shock reversal during resuscitation in a porcine experimental model of complex traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['shock and early resuscitation']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury', 'standardised hind-limb injury']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1527 , the etiological agent of @entity1526 , presents three cellular forms (trypomastigotes, epimastigotes and amastigotes), all of which are submitted to oxidative species in its hosts. However, @entity1527 is able to resist oxidative stress suggesting a high efficiency of its DNA repair machinery.The Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway is one of the main DNA repair mechanisms in other eukaryotes and in @entity1527 as well. DNA glycosylases are enzymes involved in the recognition of oxidative DNA damage and in the removal of oxidized bases, constituting the first step of the BER pathway. Here, we describe the presence and activity of TcNTH1, a nuclear @entity1527 DNA glycosylase. Surprisingly, purified recombinant TcNTH1 does not remove the @entity31096 base, but catalyzes the cleavage of a probe showing an AP site. The same activity was found in epimastigote and trypomastigote homogenates suggesting that the BER pathway is not involved in @entity31096 DNA repair. TcNTH1 DNA-binding properties assayed in silico are in agreement with the absence of a @entity31096 removing function of that parasite enzyme. Over expression of TcNTH1 decrease parasite viability when transfected epimastigotes are submitted to a sustained production of @entity5568 .Therefore, TcNTH1 is the only known NTH1 orthologous unable to eliminate @entity31096 derivatives but that recognizes and cuts an AP site, most probably by a beta-elimination mechanism. We cannot discard that TcNTH1 presents DNA glycosylase activity on other DNA base lesions. Accordingly, a different DNA repair mechanism should be expected leading to eliminate @entity31096 from oxidized parasite DNA. Furthermore, TcNTH1 may play a role in the AP site recognition and processing.

title: Expression and the Peculiar Enzymatic Behavior of the XXXX NTH1 DNA Glycosylase.

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity31096 :: ('MESH:C029389', 'Chemical') :: ['thymine glycol']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibody cetuximab is used in metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ), and predicting responsive @entity1 garners great interest, due to the high cost of therapy. Mutations in the @entity984 gene occur in ~40% of @entity14 and are a negative predictor of response to cetuximab. However, many @entity984 -wildtype @entity1 do not benefit from cetuximab. We previously published a gene expression predictor of sensitivity to @entity3866 , an @entity470 inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to determine if this predictor could identify @entity984 -wildtype @entity14 @entity1 who will benefit from cetuximab therapy. METHODS: Microarray data from 80 metastatic @entity14 @entity1 subsequently treated with cetuximab were extracted from the study by Khambata-Ford et al. The study included @entity984 status, response, and PFS for each @entity1 . The gene expression data were scaled and analyzed using our predictive model. An improved predictive model of response was identified by removing features in the 180-gene predictor that introduced noise. RESULTS: Forty-three of eighty @entity1 were identified as harboring wildtype- @entity984 . When the model was applied to these @entity1 , the predicted-sensitive group had significantly longer PFS than the predicted-resistant group (median 88 days vs. 56 days; mean 117 days vs. 63 days, respectively, p = 0.008). Kaplan-Meier curves were also significantly improved in the predicted-sensitive group (p = 0.0059, HR = 0.4109. The model was simplified to 26 of the original 180 genes and this further improved stratification of PFS (median 147 days vs. 56.5 days in the predicted sensitive and resistant groups, respectively, p < 0.0001). However, the simplified model will require further external validation, as features were selected based on their correlation to PFS in this dataset. CONCLUSION: Our model of sensitivity to @entity470 inhibition stratified PFS following cetuximab in @entity984 -wildtype @entity14 @entity1 . This study represents the first true external validation of a molecular predictor of response to cetuximab in @entity984 -WT metastatic @entity14 . Our model may hold clinical utility for identifying @entity1 responsive to cetuximab and may therefore minimize @entity137 and cost while maximizing benefit.

title: A gene expression predictor of response to @entity470 -targeted therapy stratifies progression-free survival to cetuximab in XXXX wild-type metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: @entity2 is a highly heterogeneous disease in terms of both underlying @entity74 and response to therapeutic treatments. We performed deep whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing on 19 @entity2 cell lines and three @entity2 /normal pairs. Overall, our data show that cell line models exhibit similar mutation spectra to @entity1 @entity5 samples. Smoker and never-smoker @entity5 samples exhibit distinguishable patterns of mutations. A number of epigenetic regulators, including @entity14882 , @entity35247 , @entity23423 , and @entity35248 , are frequently altered by mutations or copy number changes. A systematic survey of splice-site mutations identified 106 splice site mutations associated with @entity5 specific aberrant splicing, including mutations in several known @entity5 -related genes. RAC1b, an isoform of the @entity5180 GTPase that includes one additional exon, was found to be preferentially up-regulated in @entity2 . We further show that its expression is significantly associated with sensitivity to a MAP2K ( @entity8047 ) inhibitor @entity8839 . Taken together, these data present a comprehensive genomic landscape of a large number of @entity2 samples and further demonstrate that @entity5 -specific alternative splicing is a widespread phenomenon that has potential utility as therapeutic biomarkers. The detailed characterizations of the @entity2 cell lines also provide genomic context to the vast amount of experimental data gathered for these lines over the decades, and represent highly valuable resources for @entity5 biology.

title: Genome and transcriptome sequencing of XXXX reveal diverse mutational and splicing events.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic lesions']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancers']


abstract: HSRs (homogeneously staining regions) are the cytological correlates of DNA amplification. In the @entity19 , @entity19 , many populations are polymorphic for the presence or absence of HSRs on chromosome 1. In the semispecies M. @entity14085 the amplified DNA is present within one @entity27736 , whereas in M. @entity19 chromosomes 1 with two HSRs are found. Hybridization of @entity27736 -specific probes to Southern blots of @entity27736 -carrying genomic DNAs from different localities and semispecies revealed similar complex band patterns. The remaining variation is restricted to sequences with a @entity258 . Variation is higher between semispecies than within one semispecies. It is assumed that HSRs are derived from one original amplification event and that unequal recombination is the mechanism underlying the length variation of HSRs present today in both semispecies. Evidence from G-banding and in situ hybridization shows that the two HSRs of M. @entity19 originated from a single @entity27736 by means of a @entity1019 , where one break-point was located within the single @entity27736 and the second outside the @entity27736 . As a consequence of the @entity1019 the two HSRs of M. @entity19 are permanently linked together. Since exchange of genes between the two semispecies is restricted to a narrow hybrid zone the amplification that gave rise to the @entity27736 most probably occurred prior to the divergence into the semispecies M. @entity14085 and M. @entity19 about 1 million years ago.

title: Polymorphic HSRs in chromosome 1 of the two semispecies Mus musculus musculus and M. XXXX have a common origin in an ancestral population.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['house mouse', 'm. musculus', 'Mus musculus']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low degree of amplification']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['paracentric inversion']

answer: @entity14085 :: (13616,Species) :: ['m. domesticus']


abstract: The expression of @entity310 ligand by malignant cells might be a mechanism for @entity5 immune escape. Genetic disregulation of gene coding @entity310 receptors was observed in @entity5 by an increased number of receptors on @entity5 cells and ligand-receptor activity. It might cause @entity5 proliferation and metastatic potential. Structure of @entity310 receptors influences @entity310 activity in vivo and structure of @entity10733 gene may suggest post-transcription modification based on alternative splicing. The aim of the study was to analyse the expression of gene coding @entity310 receptors R2 and R2/R7 (without exon 7) by estimation of mRNA expression of @entity14 cells in comparison with surrounding tissue free from neoplastic infiltration and searched for differently spliced TNFalphaR2/R7 isoforms. The study included fifty four @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity420 (Stage III according to the AJC TNM Classification). Tissue samples removed from the @entity5 region were obtained from @entity14 @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment. The samples were divided into two parts. The first one--was routinely examined histopathologically, the second one--was used for RNA extraction and the number of @entity310 and its receptors mRNA copies were subsequently quantified. The @entity310 and @entity10733 genes expression were estimated based on the number of mRNA copies on 1 microg total RNA. The presence of @entity10733 and @entity10733 /R7 isoforms in @entity5 , normal and metastatic cells was observed. The highest number of mRNA @entity310 copies and over expressed @entity310 genes were investigated and significantly noticed in metastatic cells (lymph nodes). The decreased number of @entity10733 /R7 mRNA copies in metastatic lymph nodes secondarily influenced the decreased @entity310 soluble receptors' concentration. In conclusion, the genetic disregulation observed in @entity5 usually concerns dysfunction of cytokines receptor genes.

title: Genetic disregulation of gene coding @entity5 necrosis factor alpha receptors (TNFalpha Rs) in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: 200 consecutive @entity1 operated on for gastric (GU) or duodenal (DU) @entity1066 in 1956 to 1957 were followed up until 1974. 25 of them died within five years of primary operation and were excluded to eliminate the possibility of coexisting @entity1066 and @entity5 at the time of operation. Four @entity1 could not be traced and 65 died within the follow-up period, but none of them of @entity356 . 46 out of 106 living @entity1 came for re-examination and gastroscopy was performed in 42 of them. The remaining 60 @entity1 were examined by questionnaire. According to the Finnish Cancer Registry none of them had @entity356 . The expected number of @entity356 in the present series was calculated to be 2.3 and of all @entity5 13.6, but only one @entity356 and 19 other @entity5 were detected. The @entity356 detected endoscopically and verified bioptically and cytologically was microscopically of anaplastic type. Most of the @entity1 were in excellent general condition without gastric complaints. The present series reveals no clearcut causal relationship between gastric resection and late development of @entity189 .

title: Long-term follow-up study of @entity1 operated on for benign peptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['stump carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the improved assessment of coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden by measurement of non-calcified plaque in addition to calcified plaque using CT coronary angiography (CTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Low to intermediate-risk outpatients with suspected @entity453 were prospectively recruited. @entity1 underwent CTA and @entity460 scoring in addition to invasive angiography. The presence of plaque (calcified, non-calcified, and mixed) was analysed on a per segment basis (percentage of segments with disease) with stratification by @entity460 score (CS). RESULTS: Seventy-six @entity1 were enrolled of whom 30 had a CS of 0, 26 had a CS of 1-200, and 20 had a CS of >200. One thousand, one hundred and two segments were analysed using CTA and invasive angiography. The prevalence of segments with calcified or mixed plaque was 3.1% (n=13) for a CS of 0, 15.1% (n=57) for a CS of 1-200, and 50% (n=142) for a CS of >200 (all p<0.0001). The proportion of segments with non-calcified plaque alone was low and similar among the three groups: 5.4% (n=23; CS=0), 8.2% (n=32; CS=1-200), and 8.6% (n=25; CS= >200), (CS=0 versus CS= >200; p=0.04, others p=ns). The relative increase in diseased segments by additional assessment of non-calcified plaque was greatest for @entity1 with a CS of 0 (173%) versus a CS of 1-200 (55%), and a CS of >200 (17%). CONCLUSION: CTA offers increased relative incremental detection of non-calcified plaque, particularly in those with negative CS; however, the absolute detection of non-calcified plaque in those with negative CS is low. The prognostic significance of non-calcified plaque for the prediction of @entity299 , particularly in @entity1 with low CS, requires continued study.

title: XXXX by assessment of non-calcified plaque on coronary CT angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Incremental detection of coronary artery disease']


abstract: In a prospective study of @entity1 with haematemesis and melaena, there were 22 admissions of @entity1 with @entity548 stomal @entity1066 , representing 2.5% of total admissions to the Unit. In 16 @entity1 the @entity548 was from superficial stomal lesions. These lesions, endoscopically and histologically, resembled @entity3621 , a recently defined cause of @entity391 . Five @entity1 presented with chronic @entity1066 following inadequate gastric surgery. One @entity1 was admitted on two occasions. Nine @entity1 received more than five units of blood and came to operation for continued @entity548 . In seven of the surgical cases, the @entity548 was from superficial stomal lesions. Our experience suggests that truncal vagotomy is necessary to control the @entity548 in these @entity1 . One @entity1 presented with superficial stomal @entity1066 and @entity3909 change. This @entity1 died. It is important to subject these lesions to biopsy, and biopsy with extension of a previous gastrectomy is indicated to control @entity548 , and to exclude @entity5 .

title: Bleeding stomal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['postgastrectomy bile vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['alkaline reflux gastritis']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulceration']