abstract: @entity5363 along with @entity6920 are major cause of @entity1 @entity1902 worldwide. So far, the @entity1 immune response against Campylobacter is not entirely clear. We hypothesize that it is coordinated by an interaction between pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines which is influenced by bacterial and host-individual differences. Accordingly, we used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors to study the primary systemic immune response to @entity5363 and @entity6920 . PBMC were stimulated by different strains of @entity5363 and @entity6920 for three time points (5, 10, 24 hours). The production of the pro-inflammatory ( @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity379 ) and the regulatory ( @entity688 ) cytokines were measured by ELISA. All strains induced higher levels of @entity687 and @entity650 than @entity379 and @entity688 . In contrast to @entity687 and @entity650 , @entity688 showed a steeper increase over time. While @entity379 did not show any further increase between 10 and 24 hours. Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between @entity687 and @entity688 which peaked at 24 hours. Despite the variability of the used bacterial strains, their effect on cytokine production was less pronounced than the inter- @entity1 differences. The strongest significant effect of the strain was on the level of @entity688 . @entity688 and @entity650 were significantly influenced by strain- @entity1 interaction. In conclusion, the systemic immune response to @entity6920 and @entity5363 is characterized by an early pro-inflammatory reaction with later initiation of regulatory immune response which is influenced mainly by the host, explaining the individual variations in disease severity. Additional work is needed to determine the cellular sources of the produced cytokines as well as the campylobacter molecules that might contribute to this stimulation.

title: Temporal induction of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in XXXX peripheral blood mononuclear cells by @entity5363 and @entity6920 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'C. jejuni']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Increasing multidrug resistance amongst @entity235 pathogenic staphylococci has renewed interest in topical antibacterial therapy for @entity272 in the context of responsible veterinary prescribing. We therefore determined the activity in vitro of three clinically relevant topical agents and synergism between two of them against @entity23819 and @entity794 . METHODS: The MICs of @entity12119 (n=199), @entity1216 (n=198), @entity5897 (n=198) and a 1:1 combination of @entity5897 / @entity1216 (n=198) were determined for @entity235 isolates [50 @entity794 and 49 @entity3256 -resistant @entity23819 (MRSP), 50 MSSA and 50 @entity3256 -susceptible @entity23819 (MSSP)] collected from the UK and Germany using an agar dilution method (CLSI VET01-A4). Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices were calculated to assess the interaction of @entity5897 with @entity1216 . RESULTS: MICs of each drug/combination were significantly (P<0.0005) higher for @entity794 when compared with @entity23819 . Most strains (n=172) had an MIC of @entity12119 of  <=0.03 mg/L (MIC >= 64 mg/L, n=5 @entity794 ). All strains had MICs of @entity1216 of 0.5-4 mg/L, except for one @entity794 (MIC=8 mg/L). All but four strains had MICs of @entity5897 of 1-4 mg/L (MIC=16 mg/L, n=3; MIC=256 mg/L, n=1). @entity5897 / @entity1216 (1:1 ratio) had a synergistic effect against 49/50 @entity794 , 31/50 MSSA, 12/49 MRSP and 23/49 MSSP. CONCLUSIONS: Since the majority of these staphylococci, including @entity3256 -resistant isolates, had MICs that should be readily exceeded by topical skin application of these agents, their therapeutic efficacy for @entity235 superficial @entity6793 should be assessed. The synergistic interaction shown in vitro supports further clinical evaluation of @entity5897 / @entity1216 combination therapy for @entity1793 .

title: Susceptibility in vitro of @entity235 @entity3256 -resistant and -susceptible staphylococcal isolates to XXXX , @entity1216 and @entity5897 : opportunities for topical therapy of @entity235 superficial @entity6793 .

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity5897 :: ('MESH:D008825', 'Chemical') :: ['miconazole', 'Miconazole']

entities_list: @entity12119 :: ('MESH:D005672', 'Chemical') :: ['fusidic acid']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus pseudintermedius', 'S. pseudintermedius']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infections']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal infection']

answer: @entity12119 :: (MESH:D005672,Chemical) :: ['fusidic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity842 (NO) is one of the reactive @entity26 species (ROS) that has been associated with @entity32 . Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) neutralizes ROS. We evaluated that @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) TAC and NO correlate with the outcome of emergency cerclage. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with cervical dilatation (>= 2   cm) and bulging membranes between 16 and 24 weeks underwent emergency cerclage. Sixty-seven @entity1 between 16 and 24 weeks who had amniocentesis for chromosomal test provided control samples. @entity6703 samples were tested for TAC, and NO, and then correlated with pregnancy outcome. RESULTS: @entity6703 TAC was significantly lower in cerclage group than control group (cerclage: 92.6 mmol/L versus control: 127.2 mmol/L, p   <   0.001). Higher levels of @entity6703 TAC were associated with a longer latency from cerclage to delivery (r   =   0.62, p   <   0.001). NO was similar between two groups (p   =   0.35). The mean gestational age at delivery of control group was better than cerclage group (cerclage: 29.5 weeks versus control: 39.4 weeks, p   <   0.01). CONCLUSION: Higher levels of @entity6703 TAC are correlated with longer prolongation days after cerclage. However, @entity6703 NO and iNOS are not different between two groups.

title: Amniotic fluid total antioxidant capacity and XXXX in emergency cerclage.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid', 'AF']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Forty-four @entity1 , 15 males and 29 females (3-71 years old; mean age, 52.9), were treated for the control of cervical instability with a modified Brooks operation using Tekmilon tape (an ultrahigh molecular weight @entity691 tape) instead of metal wires. Forty of the @entity1 had @entity309 ( @entity309 ) with @entity9807 ( @entity9807 ), three @entity1 had os odontoideum, and one @entity1 had a cervical @entity130 . The mean follow-up period was 8 years and 4 months. These @entity1 were divided into three groups: 30 years or less, 31 to 60 years, and over 60 years. Atlanto-dental interval (ADI), inclination angle of atlanto-axial vertebrae (A-A angle), and bone fusion were examined on plain radiographs. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity4048 (Ranawat's grade 0 or grade 1) increased from 42.5% to 97.9% at the time of postoperative evaluation. Surgical complications, such as dural tear, lamina @entity174 , and @entity1566 did not occur in any cases. Thirty-nine @entity1 (88.6%) achieved bone union. ADI in the maximum flexed position improved from 10.3 to 2.5 mm. There was no statistical difference between ADI in males and females. ADI did not change in any age group both before and after surgery. A-A angle also improved from 9.4 to 24.4 degrees. The @entity691 tapes, used for internal fixation, caused no @entity16 during sublaminar wiring and produced no MR artifacts. This modified Brooks technique using Tekmilon tape was proved to be a simple and safe treatment of @entity9807 .

title: Clinical study of a modified Brooks technique for XXXX using @entity691 tape.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['reduced neck pain']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['AAS', 'atlanto-axial subluxation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['spine injury']

answer: @entity9807 :: (MESH:C538196,Disease) :: ['atlanto-axial subluxation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our goal was to identify gene signatures predictive of response to preoperative systemic chemotherapy (PST) with @entity1259 / @entity786 (EC) in @entity1 with primary @entity0 . METHODS: Needle biopsies were obtained pre-treatment from 83 @entity1 with @entity0 and mRNA was profiled on Affymetrix HG-U133A arrays. Response ranged from pathologically confirmed complete remission (pCR), to partial remission (PR), to stable or progressive disease, "No Change" (NC). A primary analysis was performed in breast tissue samples from 56 @entity1 and 5 normal healthy individuals as a training cohort for predictive marker identification. Gene signatures identifying individuals most likely to respond completely to PST-EC were extracted by combining several statistical methods and filtering criteria. In order to optimize prediction of non responding tumors Student's t-test and Wilcoxon test were also applied. An independent cohort of 27 @entity1 was used to challenge the predictive signatures. A k-Nearest neighbor algorithm as well as two independent linear partial least squares determinant analysis (PLS-DA) models based on the training cohort were selected for classification of the test samples. The average specificity of these predictions was greater than 74% for pCR, 100% for PR and greater than 62% for NC. All three classification models could identify all pCR cases. RESULTS: The differential expression of 59 genes in the training and the test cohort demonstrated capability to predict response to PST-EC treatment. Based on the training cohort a classifier was constructed following a decision tree. First, a transcriptional profile capable to distinguish cancerous from normal tissue was identified. Then, a "favorable outcome signature" (31 genes) and a "poor outcome signature" (26 genes) were extracted from the cancer specific signatures. This stepwise implementation could predict pCR and distinguish between NC and PR in a subsequent set of @entity1 . Both PLS-DA models were implemented to discriminate all three response classes in one step. CONCLUSION: In this study signatures were identified capable to predict clinical outcome in an independent set of primary @entity0 @entity1 undergoing PST-EC.

title: Predictors of primary @entity0 responsiveness to preoperative @entity1259 / XXXX -based chemotherapy: translation of microarray data into clinically useful predictive signatures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: Although considerable evidence supports a role for @entity1522 in transient @entity2806 and permanent focal @entity2806 , effects of transient focal @entity2806 on the extracellular concentrations of @entity1522 have not been reported. Accordingly, our study was undertaken to examine the patterns of changes of extracellular @entity2227 , @entity492 , @entity1246 , @entity2226 , @entity1160 , @entity493 , and @entity2230 in the striatum of transient focal @entity2806 , as evidence to support their pathogenic roles. Focal @entity63 was induced using the @entity2500 model, with no need for craniotomy. Microdialysis was used to sample the brain's extracellular space before, during, and after the ischemic period. One hour of @entity2500 followed by recirculation caused @entity528 that was common in the frontoparietal cortex and the lateral segment of the caudate nucleus. During 1 h of @entity63 , the largest increase occurred for @entity1246 and moderate increases were observed for @entity2226 , @entity2227 , and @entity492 . @entity493 , which is a nonneuroactive @entity535 , increased little. After recirculation, the levels of @entity2227 and @entity492 reverted to normal baseline values right after reperfusion. Despite these rapid normalizations, @entity528 occurred. Therefore, uptake of excitatory @entity1522 can still be restored after 1 h of @entity2500 , and tissue damage occurs even though high extracellular levels of @entity2227 are not maintained.

title: Changes in the extracellular concentrations of XXXX in the rat striatum during transient focal @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['global cerebral ischemia', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2230 :: ('MESH:C005448', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine', 'Alanine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The basic pattern of arm and leg movement during @entity1021 locomotor tasks is supported by common central neural control from spinal and supraspinal centers in neurologically intact @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that following a @entity64 , shared systems from interlimb cutaneous networks facilitating arm and leg coordination persist across locomotor tasks. @entity64 @entity1 (>6 months post CVA) performed arm and leg (A_L) cycling using a stationary ergometer and walking on a motorized treadmill. In both tasks cutaneous reflexes were evoked via surface stimulation of the nerves innervating the dorsum of the hand (superficial radial; SR) and foot (superficial peroneal; SP) of the less affected limbs. Electromyographic (EMG) activity from the tibialis anterior, soleus, flexor carpi radialis, and posterior deltoid were recorded bilaterally with surface electrodes. Full-wave rectified and filtered EMG data were separated into eight equal parts or phases and aligned to begin with maximum knee extension for both walking and A_L cycling. At each phase of movement, background EMG data were quantified as the peak normalized response for each @entity1 and cutaneous reflexes were quantified as the average cumulative reflex over 150 ms following stimulation. In general, background EMG was similar between walking and A_L cycling, seen especially in the distal leg muscles. Cutaneous reflexes were evident and modified in the less and more affected limbs during walking and A_L cycling and similar modulation patterns were observed suggesting activity in related control networks between tasks. After a @entity64 common neural patterning from conserved subcortical regulation is seen supporting the notion of a common core in locomotor tasks involving arm and leg movement. This has translational implications for rehabilitation where A_L cycling could be usefully applied to improve walking function.

title: Preservation of common XXXX locomotor control despite weakened supraspinal regulation after @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Twelve stroke', 'stroke', 'cerebrovascular accident']

answer: @entity1021 :: (MESH:D020922,Disease) :: ['rhythmic']


abstract: Primary steps in the metabolism of @entity5834 and @entity2544 are cleavage of @entity5498 groups and/or hydroxylation at position 8, mediated by cytochromes P450. V79 @entity3569 cells genetically engineered for stable expression of single forms of @entity35 cytochromes P450IA1, P450IA2 and P450IIBI and @entity1 P450IA2 and @entity35 liver epithelial cells expressing @entity19 P450IA2 were used to overcome problems arising in the proper allocation of metabolic pathways to specific isoforms by conventional techniques. These cell lines were exposed to @entity5834 and/or @entity2544 , and concentrations of metabolites formed in the medium were determined by HPLC. @entity5834 was metabolized by @entity1 , @entity35 and @entity19 P450IA2, resulting in the formation of four primary demethylated and hydroxylated metabolites. However, there were differences in the relative amounts of the metabolites. The @entity1 and the @entity19 P450IA2 isoforms predominantly mediated 3-demethylation of @entity5834 . The @entity35 cytochrome P450IA2 mediated both 3-demethylation and 1-demethylation of @entity5834 to a similar extent. @entity2544 was metabolized mainly via 8-hydroxylation. All cell lines tested were able to carry out this reaction, with highest activities in cell lines expressing @entity35 or @entity1 P450IA2, or @entity35 P450IA1. These results support the hypothesis that @entity5834 plasma clearance is a specific in vivo probe for determining @entity1 P450IA2 activity.

title: Biotransformation of @entity5834 and @entity2544 in XXXX cell lines genetically engineered for expression of single cytochrome P450 isoforms.

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline', 'Theophylline']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity5 of the pancreas are selected for pancreaticoduodenectomy if there is concern for malignant transformation. This study compares outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity1 with @entity788 . STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study included all @entity1 who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for histologically confirmed benign/premalignant @entity788 and primary @entity9451 reported to National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) from 2005 to 2011. @entity1 characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality were compared. RESULTS: A total of 6085 @entity1 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy: 744 (12.2  %) for benign/premalignant and 5341 (87.8  %) for malignant @entity788 . @entity1 with @entity5 were more commonly female, had lower American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, and were less likely to have major comorbidities (all p    <=   0.003). After resection, @entity1 with @entity5 were more likely to develop organ space infection (13.4 vs. 8.5  %, p   <   0.001) and @entity295 (12.2 vs. 9.2  %, p   =   0.009). @entity65 (p   =   0.12) as well as 30-day mortality (3.0 vs. 2.0  %, p   =   0.128) did not differ. CONCLUSIONS: Organ space infection and @entity295 are more common after pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity5 . Planned improvements in NSQIP data capture should allow for better measurement of this morbidity. A carefully balanced risk and benefit discussion should precede resection in these @entity1 .

title: Morbidity and Mortality of Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Benign and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neoplasms', 'premalignant and malignant pancreatic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign neoplasms', 'benign/premalignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, and other organ system complications']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Premalignant Pancreatic Neoplasms']


abstract: Indian Hedgehog (Ihh)--Parathyroid related protein ( @entity11184 ) and @entity61288 ( @entity10704 ) signaling pathways are important in regulating endochondral bone formation. In the growth plate, Ihh and @entity11184 are involved in a feedback loop to increase proliferation and delay differentiation of chondrocytes. @entity10704 ( @entity10704 ) conversely decreases proliferation and hastens differentiation with an agonist. Since proliferation is the hallmark of @entity511 cells, we hypothesized that Ihh/ @entity11184 and FGF3R pathways may be dysfunctional on these cells. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of these signaling pathways in the Swarm @entity35 @entity511 cells utilizing expression and functional studies. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated difference in expression between normal growth plate chondrocytes and @entity511 cells ( @entity2094 ). @entity2094 had an increased mRNA expression of @entity664 and @entity10704 suggesting a mechanism to reverse the proliferative rate of the cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased staining for @entity10704 and @entity56950 (Ihh receptor) in @entity2094 compared to the @entity35 tibia growth plate (p = 0.O004 and 0.02 respectively). In vitro functional experiments demonstrated that the use of @entity664 , a @entity10704 receptor agonist, dramatically decreased the proliferative rate of Swarm @entity511 cells (LTC). @entity5050 , a hedgehog inhibitor, did not have a significant effect on their proliferative rate. However, when @entity5050 was used on normal chondrocytes, it effectively decreased the proliferative rate of these cells, suggesting abnormalities in this pathway in the @entity511 cells. In conclusion, our investigation describes dissimilarity in the Indian Hedgehog and @entity10704 signaling pathways between the @entity35 @entity511 cells and native @entity35 chondrocytes. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may provide a target for future therapy for @entity511 .

title: Indian hedgehog signaling pathway differences between swarm @entity35 XXXX and native @entity35 chondrocytes.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5050 :: ('MESH:C000541', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopamine', 'Cyclopamine']

entities_list: @entity10704 :: ('84489(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['FGFR3', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma']


abstract: This 4-week, randomized, parallel-group study compared the efficacy and safety of a metered-dose inhaler equipped with a new spacer device (Jet spacer) with those of a standard actuator in the administration of inhaled @entity2715 (0.5 mg twice daily) in 66 adults with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) who were responsive to @entity2263 -agonists. Lung function values, symptom scores, and daily consumption of a @entity2263 -agonist determined efficacy. At baseline and after treatment, levels of morning serum and 24-hour urinary @entity701 were measured in half of the @entity1 (one center). Ease of use of the two devices was expressed by @entity1 at the final visit. Lung function values and clinical symptoms improved in both groups (P < .01 at the final visit); the Jet group reported a better outcome (P < .05 between groups) than the standard-actuator group for predicted normal values of forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and bronchial noises. @entity3045 consumption decreased in both groups. One @entity1 in the Jet group and 5 @entity1 in the standard-actuator group reported adverse reactions. No significant between-group differences were found in plasma and urinary @entity701 levels. The Jet device was judged easier to use (P < .05 between groups) than the standard actuator. In conclusion, the jet device was more effective than a standard actuator in reducing local adverse reactions to inhaled @entity2715 in adults with @entity1030 , with a better efficacy profile.

title: Inhaled XXXX administered through a new spacer device: a controlled clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone dipropionate']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['Salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity2715 :: (MESH:D001507,Chemical) :: ['beclomethasone dipropionate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ) are rare and potentially life-threatening @entity5 . AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of response to weekly intramuscular (IM) @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity1 with low-risk GTN (LR-GTN). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was designed cross-sectional and prospectively. @entity1 followed for 1 year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2006 to 2011, a total of 117 @entity1 with LR-GTN were studied. A weekly @entity1500 regimen (50 mg/m 2 with dose escalation to 75 mg/m 2 ) was administered to 87 of @entity1 . A biweekly pulsed intravenous bolus of 1.25 mg/m 2 of @entity4316 was administered in @entity1 resistant to @entity1500 (n = 30) and combination therapy was performed in those who did not respond to aforesaid treatments (n = 8). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 11.5 and Chi-square model was applied. Descriptive statistics and compare means (t-test) was used as well. P < 0.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS: All 117 @entity1 with LR-GTN were cured. The primary remission rate was 74.3%, with primary dose of 50 mg/m 2 of @entity1500 and escalation to 75 mg/m 2 . Another @entity1 achieved complete remission with @entity4316 and combination chemotherapy. There were significant statistical correlation between remission and World Health Organization (WHO) scoring, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, pretreatment beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (b-hCG) level, and antecedent pregnancy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We suggest that cases with score >= 6 should be considered high risk. First-line combination chemotherapy is advised in GTN with score >= 6.

title: Evaluation of weekly intramuscular XXXX in the treatment of low risk @entity1469 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasms', 'GTNs']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin', 'actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1346 -adjustable Gastric banding (SAGB) has been popularized as a minimally invasive, completely reversible surgical treatment for morbid @entity28 . We report here our 3-year experience of SAGB with special reference to complications and side-effects. METHODS: There were 90 @entity1 in total, of whom 72 were @entity1 . Median age was 42 (range, 20-68) years and median body mass index (BMI) was 43 (range, 34-57) kg/m2. Laparoscopy was attempted to position the band in 63 cases but had to be converted to laparotomy in 16 (25%). Twenty-seven @entity1 were laparotomized. We used the Swedish band (AB Obtech) throughout the series. In addition to regular clinic visits, @entity1 were followed-up with upper gastrointestinal series 6 months postoperatively and gastroscopy after 2 years or earlier when symptomatic. RESULTS: Median BMI decreased to 32 kg/m2 after 12 months and to 31 kg/m2 after 24 months. With a median follow-up time of 35 months (range, 22-48), 32 @entity1 (35%) have been re-operated usually with removal of the balloon system and conversion into a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The most common reasons for re-operation were band erosion (n = 10) and @entity2910 (n = 14). Additional indications for re-operation included pouch dilatation, invagination of distal gastric wall through the band, leakage from the balloon, @entity1 dissatisfaction, and severe @entity56 . When questioned 2 years postoperatively more than half of the @entity1 reported @entity391 , heartburn and regurgitation but 78% still pronounced themselves satisfied with the operation. @entity2910 was found in 56% of the @entity1 at gastroscopy after 2 years. CONCLUSION: SAGB could be positioned with laparoscopy in 75% of the cases but the incidence of complications and side-effects postoperatively has been high.

title: XXXX -adjustable gastric banding: disappointing results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['erosive esophagitis', 'Esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['Silicone']


abstract: Once development and mechanical and biological laboratory testing have been completed, new technologies to be used in orthopaedic and @entity130 surgery must be investigated in @entity1 before they can be used routinely. Prospective clinical investigations with or without randomization to standard treatments conducted according to the current standards and guidelines for Good Clinical Practice must be performed to prove the safety and efficacy of the new device. Furthermore, these tests serve to determine the specific indications, contraindications, tips and tricks as well as the pitfalls and how to avoid them. Last, but not least, the study must result in improved teaching of the use of the device and in improved follow-up of @entity1 . The basis of every conclusion drawn from such a study is the complete documentation of each single use of the new device. We present the modalities and methodology for conducting a prospective clinical multicentre investigation in @entity130 surgery, focusing on the clinical trials carried out on the Point Contact Fixator (PC- @entity4682 ), a device for the internal fixation of long @entity174 developed as part of the scientific evolution towards the Less Invasive Stabilization Systems (LISS) now being introduced into clinical practice. Four prospective multicentre clinical investigations with an overall number of 1,229 PC-Fixators implanted from October 1993 to May 1998 were performed. To our knowledge this is the largest prospective series ever reported in orthopaedic @entity130 surgery to test a new device before market introduction. Due to a special documentation and implant replacement procedure, every PC- @entity4682 implantation was documented. Very few @entity1 were lost to long-term follow-up due to the personal commitment of the study monitors. Regular personal visits of the study monitor to the investigating hospitals and close communication between the surgeons, the engineers responsible for development, the study monitor, and the study sponsor meant that problems were identified and dealt with professionally without compromising the health of the @entity1 . Case report forms were concise and had to be transmitted without delay. Handling of radiographs has become easier thanks to the transmission of digital images to the study centre via the internet. There are some aspects specific to @entity130 surgery which require special consideration and planning is essential, but clinical trials can be performed effectively.

title: Methodology of clinical trials focusing on the PC- XXXX clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures']

answer: @entity4682 :: (2158,Gene) :: ['Fix']


abstract: A significant proportion of @entity5377 @entity1 attribute their symptoms to adverse food reactions. Dietary elimination and re-challenge studies support the role of diet in the pathogenesis of @entity5377 . The aetiopathogenesis of @entity5377 is thought to be multifactorial involving an interaction between diet, infection, antibiotics and psychosocial factors. Serum IgE and IgG4 antibodies are @entity56 induced @entity558 and a similar mechanism has been postulated in @entity5377 . Increased number of mast cells is present in the ileocaecal region of @entity5377 @entity1 . Once sensitized, they are capable of inducing secretory and sensorimotor abnormalities of the gut. The management of @entity5377 is usually aimed at controlling symptoms, however, @entity56 may provide a useful adjunct in those with severe symptoms or a clear history of adverse food reaction. There are no well-established tests available but skin prick tests and food specific serum IgG4 and IgE antibodies may help in identifying the offending foods. Other options, which may be explored in individual cases, include sequential dietary exclusion, use of hypoallergenic diets, @entity9992 and novel techniques such as colonoscopic allergen provocation test. Pathophysiology of @entity56 induced @entity5377 has been discussed in the light of current data and a management algorithm has been proposed for managing @entity56 in @entity5377 .

title: XXXX in irritable bowel syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['atopic conditions']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['elevated in food hypersensitivity', 'evaluation of food hypersensitivity', 'food hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['disodium cromoglycate']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Role of food hypersensitivity']


abstract: A recent case-control study conducted in King County, Washington, has implicated cigarette smoking in @entity249 . Both cases and controls were questioned about their reproductive, medical, contraceptive, and sexual histories as well as on personal hygiene, demographic characteristics, and @entity286 and @entity167 use. Adjustments were made for the confounding effects of IUD use, number of @entity458 . Study results indicated that @entity1 who smoked at the time they started trying to become pregnant were 2.7 times more likely to have @entity249 than nonsmokers. The magnitude of risk was influenced by the age at which the @entity1 began smoking, the number of years she smoked and the average number of cigarettes smoked/day. The relative risk for @entity1 who began smoking before age 16 years and for those who smoked for more than 5 years was 4 times that of nomsmokers. On the other land, @entity1 who had qit smoking before trying to conceive had virtually no increased risk of @entity249 . @entity1 who had used the Dalkon Shield and smoked at the time they tried to conceive were 6.7 times more likely to have @entity249 than @entity1 who had never smoked or used an IUD. However, @entity1 who had used a @entity920 IUD were at little or no increased risk. Current smokers who had had more than 5 sexual partners were more than 5 times at risk of @entity249 than nonsmokers with 4 or fewer sexual partners. These findings have led to speculation that smoking may have some relationship to @entity281 with @entity2953 . Specifically, it has been suggested that smoking may exert a direct effect on the immune system, making it easier for sexually transmitted pathogens to enter the system. It is urged that @entity1 who plan to have @entity1 should be advised not to smoke, especially if they use a noncopper IUD or have many sexual partners.

title: Smoking may be linked to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['tubal infertility', 'primary tubal infertility']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual partners, and family income']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['primary tubal infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, donor-specific markers to predict outcome after heart transplantation (HTx) are unknown. Increased @entity1904 (PCT) levels have been found in @entity32 with systemic reactions and/or poor organ perfusion but have not been studied in heart donors. We evaluated PCT as a predictor of early graft failure-related mortality after HTx. METHODS AND RESULTS: PCT and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) serum concentrations were measured in samples collected immediately before pericardium opening from 81 consecutive @entity1620 multiple-organ donors. Donors for high-urgency-status recipients (n=2) were excluded from analysis. The remaining donors were retrospectively divided into 2 groups: donors for recipients who died within 30 days after HTx, after an early graft failure (group II, n=8), and all other donors (group I, n=71). No differences in donor and recipient demographic characteristics were found between groups. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for graft failure-related mortality were 0.71 for PCT and 0.64 for @entity1851 . A PCT value >2 ng/mL as a predictor of graft failure-related mortality had a specificity of 95.8% and sensitivity of 50.0%. The odds ratio for graft failure-related mortality for recipients of hearts from donors with PCT levels >2 ng/mL was 22.7 (unadjusted, 95% CI 3.7 to 137.8, P=0.0007) and 43.8 (after adjustment for prespecified potential confounders, 95% CI 1.4 to 1361.0, P=0.031). CONCLUSIONS: A PCT level >2 ng/mL in a cardiac donor at the time of explantation appears to predict early graft failure-related mortality.

title: XXXX , a donor-specific predictor of early graft failure-related mortality after heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['infectious inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['Procalcitonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the corrective results of @entity1635 with type II split @entity602 . METHODS: By reviewing the medical records and roentgenograms of @entity1635 @entity1 with type II split @entity602 that underwent corrective surgery, septum location and length, curve type, coronal and sagittal Cobb's angles, apical @entity717 and translation, and trunk shift were measured and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 23 @entity1635 @entity1 with type II split @entity602 were studied, 6 cases were due to failure of segmentation, 8 cases due to failure of formation, and the remaining 9 cases due to mixed defects. The fibrous septums were located in the thoracic spine in 8 @entity1 , lumbar spine in 4 @entity1 , thoracic and lumbar spine in 10 @entity1 , and from cervical to lumbar spine in 1 @entity1 The septum extended an average of 4.9 segments. Corrective surgeries included anterior correction with instrumentation in 2 @entity1 , posterior correction with instrumentation in 11 @entity1 , anterior release and posterior correction with instrumentation in 6 @entity1 , anterior and posterior resection of the @entity24148 and posterior correction with instrumentation in 4 @entity1 . The pre- and postoperative coronal Cobb's angles, apical vertebral translations, apical @entity717 , trunk shifts were 61.9 degrees and 32.5 degrees (P < 0.001), 48.9 mm and 31.5 mm (P < 0.001), 1.2 and 1.1, 12.7 mm and 8.2 mm, respectively. The average correction rate of coronal Cobb's angle was 47.5%. The sagittal balance was also well improved. The fibrous septums were all left in situ. There was no @entity16 . CONCLUSION: For @entity1635 with type II split @entity602 , positive correction results with no @entity16 may be obtained without resection of the fibrous septum.

title: Corrective surgery of @entity1635 with type II split XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complication']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord malformation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity24148 :: ('MESH:C535881', 'Disease') :: ['hemivertebra']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral rotation', 'vertebral rotations']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spinal cord malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 undergoing anaesthesia and surgery can experience significant @entity148 and distress during the peri-operative period, but whether routine premedication is necessary is currently debated. @entity1245 are the most frequently used drugs as premedication in paediatric anaesthesia. In the US, 50% of young @entity1 undergoing surgery receive premedication and @entity1363 is the most frequently used drug in this context (1). Nishina and coworkers (2) concluded in a review article in 1999 that @entity1338 , administered via an oral, rectal, or caudal route, is a promising adjunct to anaesthetics and analgesics to enhance quality of peri-operative management in @entity1 and @entity1 . Later publications also support the use of @entity1338 for premedication (3-6). The aim of this communication is to review the use of @entity1338 in paediatric anaesthesia and to propose @entity1338 as a promising alternative to @entity1363 . @entity1338 is associated with a number of beneficial effects in the context ofanaesthesia both in adults and @entity1 . Why @entity1338 is not routinely use in clinical practice despite the massive publication list is to a large extent due to the lack of marketing efforts from the pharmaceutical industry since multiplegeneric preparations are now readily available on most markets. @entity1363 is also associated with a number of beneficial effects, but is far from an ideal premedicant in @entity1 , especially with regards to the @entity2730 , @entity911 and long term behavioural disturbances. @entity1338 has contrary to @entity1363 no effect on respiration. We believe that @entity1338 is a good alternative to @entity1363 as premedication in @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: XXXX in paediatric anaesthesia: review of the literature and comparison with @entity1245 for premedication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['Clonidine']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Resection of @entity5 of the pancreas (IPMTP) should be tailored to longitudinal spreading into the pancreatic ductal system and the presence of malignant transformation. OBJECTIVE: To review a single institutional experience with IPMTP, focusing on the operative strategy of tailoring resection to the extent of disease. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Academic tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Thirteen @entity1 with IPMTP were referred for resection during the past 10 years. Malignant growth was present in 7 @entity1 (54%). According to the determination of @entity5 extent, distal pancreatic resection was performed in 3 @entity1 , pancreatoduodenectomy was done in 9 @entity1 , and total pancreatectomy was performed in 1 @entity1 . The median follow-up time in this series was 46 months (range, 3-104 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative and perioperative diagnosis, final pathologic results, and long-term outcome. RESULTS: A correct preoperative or perioperative diagnosis of IPMTP was achieved in 9 @entity1 (69%). Routine frozen section of the surgical margin was used in all @entity1 , changing the operative strategy in 3 (23%) of 13 @entity1 by extending resection or leading to total pancreatectomy in 2 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , respectively. A perioperative endoscopic examination of the Wirsung duct was performed in 3 @entity1 with a correct preoperative or perioperative diagnosis of IPMTP and a dilated pancreatic duct. This allowed the examination of the entire pancreatic ductal system and staged intraductal biopsies, changing the operative strategy in 1 of these @entity1 . Finally, after pancreatoduodenectomy, pancreaticogastric @entity254 was constructed in 5 @entity1 , allowing endoscopic assessment of the pancreatic stump during long-term follow-up. The 5-year actuarial survival rate was 56.8% in the whole series. All @entity1 with benign or microinvasive @entity5 remained disease-free, whereas all @entity1 with invasive @entity5 died of @entity5 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate determination of the extent of @entity513 and residual malignant growth, when present, is critical during surgical exploration to achieve radical resection and cure. Operative strategy should be based on routine frozen section of the surgical margin and perioperative endoscopic examination of the Wirsung duct with staged intraductal biopsies when technically feasible. The routine use of pancreaticogastric @entity254 after pancreatoduodenectomy allows easy, safe, and efficient long-term endoscopic assessment of the pancreatic stump.

title: Surgical management of @entity5 of the pancreas: the role of routine frozen section of the surgical margin, intraoperative endoscopic staged biopsies of the Wirsung duct, and pancreaticogastric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease', 'intraductal papillary mucinous tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal disease']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Allelic loss studies have been instrumental in identifying @entity5 suppressor gene loci in a variety of @entity5 . In this study we analyzed @entity263 specimens from 52 @entity1 for @entity393 using 8 polymorphic probes for the short arm of chromosome 8. Overall, 32 of 51 (63%) informative @entity5 showed loss of at least one locus on chromosome 8p. The most frequently deleted region is observed at chromosome 8p22-8p21.2. Loss of one allele is identified in 14 of 23 (61%) @entity5 at D8S163, in 15 of 32 (47%) @entity5 at lipoprotein lipase, and in 20 of 29 (69%) @entity5 at @entity7612 , all on 8p22. Loss of one allele is identified in 16 of 27 (59%) @entity5 at D8S220 at 8p21.3-8p21.2. In addition to frequent loss of one allele at the @entity7612 locus, one @entity263 sample demonstrated homozygous deletion of @entity7612 sequences. Loci telomeric and centromeric to this region are largely retained. A chromosome 8p deletion map is constructed and defines the smallest region of overlap to a 14-cM interval at 8p22 between D8S163 and lipoprotein lipase, flanking the @entity7612 locus. Evidence of chromosome 8q multiplication at locus D8S39 was detected in 5 of 32 (16%) @entity5 , all of which demonstrated loss with at least one probe on chromosome 8p. This study extends the previous finding of frequent @entity393 in @entity263 by defining a common region of loss of heterozygosity at 8p22 and a homozygous deletion of the @entity7612 locus contained within this region. This is the first homozygous deletion identified in the genome of a @entity1 @entity263 and the highest rate of loss yet reported on chromosome 8p in @entity5 . These results strongly suggest the presence of a @entity5 suppressor gene in this region which is frequently inactivated in @entity263 .

title: Homozygous deletion and frequent @entity393 of chromosome 8p22 loci in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['allelic loss', 'loss of chromosome 8p']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity101 belongs to the most important factors of origin and lasting of @entity392 . We have studied 18 subjects suffering from @entity392 without the history of diagnosed or treated arterial @entity101 . ABPM method was used for diagnosing arterial @entity101 . 12 @entity1 (66%) fulfilled the criteria for arterial @entity101 . Our results illustrate that arterial @entity101 diagnosis is devoted an insufficient attention in @entity1 with @entity392 . ABPM should therefore be used in all @entity1 with @entity392 , immediately after its manifestation and also repeatedly during its course. With early diagnosis and treatment of @entity101 , some complications, such as @entity583 , @entity64 , heart and/or @entity177 can be thus prevented (Tab. 1, Fig. 5, Ref. 10). Full Text in free PDF www.bmj.sk.

title: The importance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus']


abstract: We determined if somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cloning is associated with WNT-related gene expression in @entity291 development, and if the expression of genes in the WNT pathway changes during the peri-implantation period. Extra-embryonic and endometrial tissues were collected at gestation days 18 and 34 (d18, d34). @entity46341 , @entity62357 , @entity62358 , @entity62359 , @entity62360 , @entity62361 , @entity62362 , @entity34164 , and @entity62363 transcripts were localized in extra-embryonic tissue, whereas @entity62363 and @entity62364 were localized in the endometrium. There were no differences in the localization of these transcripts in extra-embryonic tissue or endometrium from SCNT or artificial insemination (AI) pregnancies. Expression levels of @entity46341 were 11-fold greater in the allantois of SCNT than AI samples. In the trophoblast, expression of @entity46341 , @entity62358 , @entity62360 , and @entity62364 increased significantly from d18 to d34, whereas expression of @entity62362 and @entity62363 decreased, indicating that implantation is associated with major changes in WNT signaling. SCNT was associated with altered @entity46341 expression in trophoblasts, with levels increasing 2.3-fold more in AI than SCNT conceptuses from d18 to d34. In the allantois, expression of @entity46341 increased 6.3-fold more in SCNT than AI conceptuses from d18 to d34. Endometrial tissue expression levels of the genes tested did not differ between AI or SCNT pregnancies, although expression of individual genes showed variation across developmental stages. Our results demonstrate that SCNT is associated with altered expression of specific WNT-related genes in extra-embryonic tissue in a time- and tissue-specific manner. The pattern of gene expression in the WNT pathway suggests that noncanonical WNT signal transduction is important for implantation of @entity291 conceptuses.

title: Changes in WNT signaling-related gene expression associated with development and cloning in XXXX extra-embryonic and endometrial tissues during the peri-implantation period.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity121 ( @entity121 ) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous @entity121 . To date, mutation in 7 different genes has been reported to cause @entity121 but 30  % of cases still remain genetically undefined. Genetic investigations are often expensive and time consuming. Clinical and morphological clues are needed to facilitate genetic tests and to choose the best approach for genetic screening. We aimed to describe genotype-phenotype correlation in an Italian cohort of @entity1 affected by @entity121 , to define the relative frequencies of its defined genetic forms and to draw a diagnostic algorithm to address genetic investigations. We recruited @entity1 with @entity121 from all the Italian tertiary neuromuscular centers following clinical and histological criteria. All selected @entity1 were screened for the four 'canonical' genes related to @entity121 : @entity15925 , @entity16734 , @entity13868 and @entity4691 . Pathogenetic mutations were found in 38 of the 54 screened @entity1 (70  %), mostly in @entity1 with congenital onset (25 of 30 @entity1 , 83  %): 15 in @entity15925 , 6 in @entity16734 , 3 in @entity13868 and one in @entity10484 . Among the 13 @entity1 with a childhood-adolescence onset, mutations were found in 6 @entity1 (46  %), all in @entity16734 . In the group of the 11 @entity1 with adult onset, mutations were identified in 7 @entity1 (63  %), again in @entity16734 , confirming that variants in this gene are relatively more common in late-onset phenotypes. The present study provides the relative molecular frequency of @entity121 and of its genetically defined forms in Italy and also proposes a diagnostic algorithm to be used in clinical practice to address genetic investigations.

title: XXXX : genotype-phenotype correlation and frequency of defined genetic forms in an Italian cohort.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['CNMs', 'Centronuclear myopathies', 'muscle disorders', 'centronuclear myopathy']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['Centronuclear myopathies']


abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate prognostic factors of brain @entity3 from @entity157 . Medical records of 95 @entity1 who have been diagnosed of brain @entity3 from @entity157 between January 2000 and December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The median age at diagnosis of brain @entity3 is 56.1  years. Eighty-two @entity1 were male. Median interval from diagnosis of @entity157 to brain @entity3 was 29.5  months. Eighty-eight patents had extracranial @entity3 , and the lung was the most frequent involved organ. Motor weakness was the most frequent presenting symptom (49.5  %). @entity932 was present in 71 @entity1 (74.7  %). Brain @entity3 were treated with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone in 57 @entity1 , radiosurgery alone in 18, surgery and WBRT in 6, surgery and radiosurgery in 3, surgery alone in 3, radiosurgery and WBRT in 2, and conservative management only in 6. Median overall survival was 3.0  months. Multivariate analysis showed ECOG performance status, @entity1 -Pugh class, @entity160 level, number of @entity75 , and treatment modality were associated with survival (p  <  0.05). When @entity1 were stratified with four prognostic factors including ECOG performance status, @entity1 -Pugh class, @entity160 level, and  number of @entity75 , median survival time for @entity1 with 0-1, 2, 3-4 risk factors were 5.8  months, 2.5  months and 0.6  months, respectively (p  <  0.001). In conclusion, we can estimate the survival of @entity1 by prognostic stratification, although overall prognosis of @entity1 with brain @entity3 from @entity157 is poor.

title: Prognostic stratification of brain @entity3 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2336 ( @entity2336 ), commonly referred to as " @entity2335 ", is no longer considered a @entity395 . It may affect up to 2.7% of the adult female population (Ueda et al. in Int J Urol 10:1-70, 2003) with up to 20% of cases occurring in @entity1 . METHODS: The last two decades have seen a worldwide effort to try to standardize its nomenclature, definition, diagnosis, and treatment algorithm. The literature has been reviewed. RESULTS: In this article, we will detail current terminology, diagnostic approaches and treatment. Standard therapies will be discussed, and a section that concentrates on the management of the subset of @entity1 with a @entity75 will be highlighted. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2336 is today viewed through a new paradigm. It is no longer considered primarily a @entity1494 , but rather one of a number of @entity1118 that is distinguished by being manifest through bladder-related symptoms. A distinct subgroup of @entity1 with @entity75 has specific characteristics, and successful treatment of this subgroup is available.

title: Global concepts of @entity2336 syndrome ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ["Hunner's lesion"]

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['BPS', 'Bladder pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain syndromes']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['interstitial cystitis']


abstract: The aetiology of increased incidence of @entity174 during puberty is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether low volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in the distal radius is associated with @entity3140 in growing @entity1 , and whether any such vBMD deficit persists into adulthood. @entity174 history from birth to 20 years was obtained and verified by medical records in 1034 Finnish @entity1 aged 10-13 years. Bone density and geometry at distal radius, biomarkers and lifestyle/behavioural factors were assessed in a subset of 396 @entity1 with a 7.5-year follow-up. We found that @entity174 incidence peaked during puberty (relative risk 3.1 at age of 8-14 years compared to outside this age window), and 38% of @entity174 were in the upper-limb. Compared to the non- @entity174 cohort, @entity1 who sustained @entity3140 at ages 8-14 years had lower distal radial vBMD at baseline (258.9+/-37.5 vs. 287.5+/-34.1 mg/cm(3), p=0.001), 1-year (252.0+/-29.3 vs. 282.6+/-33.5 mg/cm(3), p=0.001), 2-year (258.9+/-32.2 vs. 289.9+/-40.1 mg/cm(3), p=0.003), and 7-year follow-ups (early adulthood, 307.6+/-35.9 vs. 343.6+/-40.9 mg/cm(3), p=0.002). There was a consistent trend towards larger bone cross-sectional area in the @entity174 cohort compared to non- @entity174 . In a logistic regression model, lower vBMD (p=0.001) was the only significant predictor of @entity3140 during the period of 8-14 years. Our results indicate that low BMD is an important factor underlying elevated @entity3140 risk during puberty, and that low BMD in pubertal @entity1 with @entity174 persists into adulthood. Hence low vBMD during childhood is not a transient deficit. Methods to monitor vBMD and to maximise bone mineral accrual and reduce risks of falling in childhood should be developed.

title: Low volumetric BMD is linked to @entity3140 in pubertal XXXX and persists into adulthood: a seven-year cohort study.

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper-limb fracture', 'upper-limb fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: We analyzed pulmonary function tests of twenty @entity748 @entity1 from Gaffr  e e Guinle University Hospital, classified according to Brazilian Guidelines for @entity565 (2002), similar to GINA, into mild persistent or moderate (9) or severe (11) @entity565 . We obtained parameters from spirometry, plethysmograph (PL) and single breath technique for diffusion capacity (SB), with @entity577 . Total lung capacity and residual volume were called TLC(PL) and RV(PL) when measured by pletysmography and TLC(SB) and RV(SB) when determined by single breath test. There were 13 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 with mean age of 47.6 years. The @entity358 degree to FEV1/FVC was 58.8% with CI95=53.9 to 63.6. The mean values in litres for TLC(PL) (5.94) and RV(PL) (2.55) were significantly higher than for TLC(SB) (4.73) and RV(SB) (1.66). Multiple regression equations were determined for TLC(PL) e RV(PL) using only single breath values, TLC(SB) or RV(SB), and spirographic para- meters, with significant regression coefficients. However, the inclusion of spirometric parameters, except for FVC, did not improve the predicted capacity for the equations. Considering only the TLC(SB), r(2)=0.79, the equation is: TLC(PL)=(TLC(SB) *1.025)+1.088, with EPE=0.64. The regression for RV(PL), r(2) =0.23, is: RV(PL)=(RV(SB) *0.9268)+1.012. The results obtained after bronchodilation with 400 mcg of @entity3045 did not improve the regression. We concluded that the SB technique did not obtain the same results as pletysmography for TLC and RV, but for TLC this difference can be predicted.

title: Comparison between total lung capacity and residual volume values obtained by pletysmography and single breath methods with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary dysfunction']

answer: @entity577 :: (MESH:D008697,Chemical) :: ['methane']


abstract: @entity1636 is a rare malignancy in @entity1 , with a high mortality. Little is known about long-term outcome, especially in @entity1 treated with @entity8449 . We report the successful long-term outcome of a case of metastatic @entity1636 presenting in infancy treated with surgical resection and @entity8449 . The @entity1 presented at 2 months of age with @entity699 , a large adrenal mass, and elevated adrenal @entity134 levels. The @entity5 was removed surgically. Intraoperative findings included an @entity5 (confirmed malignant pathologically) invading the adrenal vein and vena cava. After surgery he was treated with @entity8449 at a dose of 2 g/d. Six months after surgery @entity4419 levels increased, and a computed tomography scan showed a pulmonary @entity3 . @entity8449 was increased to 2.5 g/d, and the @entity3 was removed surgically. Plasma @entity8449 levels ranged 10-15 micro g/ml. @entity5 markers remained normal, and @entity8449 was discontinued at 18 months. During therapy the @entity1 's somatic growth was poor. His motor and speech development was delayed. After @entity8449 was discontinued he demonstrated catch-up growth. This case shows successful long-term outcome and recovery from the toxic effects of @entity8449 .

title: Long-term (15 years) outcome in an @entity1 with metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8449 :: ('MESH:D008939', 'Chemical') :: ['mitotane', 'Mitotane']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenocortical carcinoma', 'adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4419 :: ('MESH:D003350', 'Chemical') :: ['11-deoxycortisol']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We performed a systematic review of current evidence regarding ultrasound-guided percutaneous irrigation of calcific @entity924 (US-PICT) in the shoulder aimed to: assess different published techniques; evaluate clinical outcome in a large combined cohort; and propose suggestions for homogeneous future reporting. METHODS: Cochrane Collaboration for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Guidelines were followed. We searched MEDLINE/MEDLINE In-Process/EMBASE/Cochrane databases from 1992-2013 using the keywords 'ultrasound, shoulder, needling, @entity730 , lavage, rotator cuff' combined in appropriate algorithms. References of resulting papers were also screened. Risk of bias was assessed with a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: Of 284 papers found, 15 were included, treating 1,450 shoulders in 1,403 @entity1 (females, n   =   838; mean age interval 40-63 years). There was no exclusion due to risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: US-PICT of rotator cuff is a safe and effective procedure, with an estimated average 55  % @entity158 improvement at an average of 11  months, with a 10  % minor complication rate. No evidence exists in favour of using a specific size/number of needles. Imaging follow-up should not be used routinely. Future studies should aim at structural uniformity, including the use of the Constant Score to assess outcomes and 1-year minimum follow-up. Alternatives to steroid injections should also be explored. KEY POINTS:     US-PICT of rotator cuff is a safe and effective procedure.     On average 55   % @entity158 improvement with 10   % minor complication rate.     No evidence exists in favour of using a specific size/number of needles.     Future need to assess outcome using Constant Score with 1-year minimum follow-up.

title: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous irrigation in rotator cuff calcific XXXX : what is the evidence? A systematic review with proposals for future reporting.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinopathy']


abstract: The effect of intratympanic @entity134 injection is controversial as salvage or initial treatment option for @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) and almost unknown if it is consecutively to use after initial systemic @entity230 . This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of intratympanic @entity619 injection (ITDI) as a sequential treatment in the @entity1 who failed initial systemic @entity134 treatments for @entity1274 . Forty-six @entity1 with @entity1274 who did not respond to initial systemic @entity230 were prospectively included in the study. The @entity1 were randomly classified into two groups; the ITDI group (21 @entity1 ) did not take four sequential ITDI within 2 weeks after systemic @entity230 , and the control group (25 @entity1 ) took any more medications. Hearing improvement was defined as a 10 dB or more decrease in the pure tone average (PTA) of the four-frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz). Hearing improvement was observed in 10 (47.6%) of 21 ITDI @entity1 and in 4 (16.0%) of 25 control @entity1 (P = 0.027). An improvement of the mean @entity865 was 11.4 dB in the ITDI group and 1.7 dB in the control group (P = 0.004). The ITDI group showed significant hearing improvement at low frequency (500 Hz) than the control group. The @entity1 with 70 or more dB in PTA before ITDI showed significant hearing improvement than the other @entity1 with better PTAs (P = 0.038). The sequential ITDI, which is performed immediately after initial systemic @entity134 therapy, may be a simple, effective second-line treatment of choice for the @entity1 who show poor response to initial treatments for @entity1274 .

title: The efficiency of intratympanic @entity619 injection as a sequential treatment after initial systemic XXXX therapy for @entity1274 .

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['SSNHL', 'sudden sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Relationships between @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and body mass, height, fat mass, and lean mass have been reported. This study examined the relationship between body size and composition on bone density in young premenopausal @entity1 . In this study, a cross-sectional design was used. Seventy-one healthy @entity1 aged between 24 and 36 yr selected to have a wide range of @entity1 habitus (mean body mass index, 22.7+/-3.0) underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) whole-body bone density scan (Hologic QDR 2000). Their bone density and soft tissue body composition and anthropometric parameters (skinfolds, girths, limb lengths, bone breadths, height, and body mass) were analyzed, and their body composition was assessed by underwater weighing (UWW). Bone-free lean mass (BFLM) determined by DXA was correlated with both bone mineral content (BMC) and @entity79 (r=0.74, p<0.001; r=0.48, p<0.001, respectively). In addition, fat-free mass (FFM) determined by UWW was correlated with BMC and @entity79 (r=0.80, p<0.001; r=0.48, p<0.001, respectively). Controlling for height in the model removed most of the correlations with whole-body @entity79 , with the exception of FFM, BFLM, and shoulder breadth (r=0.39, p<0.001; r=0.37, p<0.01; and r=0.34, p<0.01, respectively). No correlation was found between fat mass by DXA, UWW, and sum of skinfolds and @entity79 . These results indicate that bone mass in premenopausal @entity1 is dependent on lean body mass.

title: Bone mass in young XXXX is dependent on lean body mass.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3147 is an important risk factor for poor outcome in @entity1 recovering after @entity173 surgery. This study aimed to investigate the clinical, nutritional and rehabilitation effects of an oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. METHODS: this was an observer-blinded randomised controlled trial of elderly post-surgical proximal femoral @entity174 @entity1 . A ready-to-use oral liquid nutritional supplementation (18-24 g protein and 500 kcal per day) in addition to hospital diet was compared with hospital diet only. Both groups received usual rehabilitation therapy and oral @entity460 and @entity560 supplements. Outcomes were compared at discharge from rehabilitation and after 4 weeks of discharge. The primary outcome parameters were the serum @entity2313 level, the body mass index (BMI), the @entity177 ( @entity177 ) and the elderly mobility scale (EMS). Secondary outcome parameters were frequency of complications, inpatient length of stay, mortality and acute hospital use within 6 months after discharge. RESULTS: a total of 126 @entity1 were recruited, 65 in the supplementation arm and 61 in the control arm. There was a significant difference in change in BMI with a decrease of 0.25 and 0.03 kg/m(2) in the ONS group and 0.72 and 0.49 kg/m(2) in the control group at hospital discharge and follow-up, respectively (P = 0.012). The length of stay in rehabilitation ward was shortened by 3.80 (SE = 1.81, P = 0.04) days favouring the ONS group. The total number of @entity281 episodes was also reduced significantly. No difference was observed in the rate of change of the serum @entity2313 level, the @entity177 and the EMS. CONCLUSION: clinical and nutritional benefits were seen in this trial but rehabilitation benefits could not be demonstrated.

title: Clinical benefits of oral nutritional supplementation for elderly @entity173 XXXX : a single blind randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['functional independence measure', 'FIM']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Shivering after cardiac surgery can produce adverse haemodynamic and metabolic sequelae. In this study, the metabolic effects of shivering and the efficacy of treatment with @entity6882 or @entity6305 were studied, using a metabolic cart, in 61 @entity1 who had undergone cardiac surgery. The @entity1 received premedication with @entity1286 , @entity21886 and @entity3175 or @entity2934 , and were anaesthetised with @entity3575 or @entity681 and @entity3175 . Muscle relaxation was achieved with @entity6305 . @entity1 were monitored with a radial arterial line, pulmonary artery catheter and oesophageal and urinary bladder temperature probes. Rewarming to an oesophageal temperature of 38 degrees C was achieved before the termination of CPB and was maintained for a minimum of 15 min reperfusion time. Every 15 min after surgery, the @entity1 ' temperature at three sites (pulmonary artery, oesophagus, bladder) and shivering scores were monitored. Hourly measurements were made of haemodynamic variables (MAP, PAOP, CVP, SVR, PVR, CI), @entity544 production, @entity26 consumption and respiratory quotient. If the @entity1 shivered, the measurements were recorded prior to drug treatment and repeated 30 min later following randomization to either: @entity6882 0.25 mg.kg-1 (Group 1), @entity6882 0.5 mg.kg-1 (Group 2) or @entity6305 0.06 mg.kg-1 intravenously (Group 3). Thirty-two @entity1 shivered and mean VO2 and VCO2 values were greater in the shivering group than in the nonshivering @entity1 (VO2 334.8 +/- 17.6 vs. 240.5 +/- 8.8 ml.min-1; VCO2 238.8 +/- 17.2 vs 199.2 +/- 8.4 ml.min-1, P = 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of @entity6882 and XXXX for the treatment of shivering after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity21886 :: ('MESH:D010546', 'Chemical') :: ['perphenazine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity6305 :: (MESH:D010197,Chemical) :: ['pancuronium']


abstract: The concept that during an immune challenge the release of glucocorticoids (GC) provides feedback inhibition on evolving immune responses has been drawn primarily from studies of autoimmune and/or inflammatory processes in animal models. The epidemic form of @entity2142 ( @entity2142 ) occurs secondary to infection with Gram-negative bacteria that produce Shiga toxin (Stx). Although Stx binding to the specific receptors present on renal tissue is the primary pathogenic mechanism, inflammatory or immune interactions are necessary for the development of the complete form of @entity2142 . The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of endogenous GC on Stx- @entity137 in a @entity19 model. @entity10953 was injected into GC-deprived @entity19 and survival rate, @entity8 and serum @entity1133 levels were evaluated. Plasma @entity2819 and cytosolic GC receptor (GR) concentration were also determined at multiple intervals post- @entity10953 treatment. Higher sensitivity to @entity10953 was observed in @entity19 lacking endogenous GC, evidenced by an increase in mortality rates, circulating @entity1133 levels and renal histological damage. Moreover, @entity10953 injection was associated with a transient but significant rise in @entity2819 secretion. Interestingly, 24 h after Stx inoculation significant increases in total GR were detected in circulating neutrophils. These results indicate that interactions between the neuroendocrine and immune systems can modulate the level of damage significantly during a @entity2348 .

title: Endogenous glucocorticoids attenuate Shiga toxin-2-induced @entity137 in a XXXX model of @entity2142 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic uraemic syndrome', 'HUS']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The results of this study, carried out with purified @entity35 Leydig cells, indicate that there are no major differences in the stimulating effects of @entity41227 (LH) and @entity1176 (LHRH) agonists on steroidogenesis via mechanisms that are dependent on @entity141 . This was demonstrated by using inhibitors of calmodulin and the lipoxygenase pathways of @entity1426 metabolism. All three calmodulin inhibitors used (calmidazolium, @entity6105 and @entity2644 ) were shown to block LH- and LHRH-agonist-stimulated steroidogenesis. This probably occurred at the step of @entity165 transport to the mitochondria. Similarly, three lipoxygenase inhibitors ( @entity2604 , @entity35278 and @entity3366 ), inhibited both LH- and LHRH-agonist-stimulated steroidogenesis. The amounts of the inhibitors required were similar for LH- and LHRH-agonist-stimulated steroidogenesis. Steroidogenesis stimulated by the @entity141 ionophore @entity3365 was also inhibited, but higher concentrations of the inhibitors were required. @entity3352 (a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor) increased LHRH-agonist-stimulated steroidogenesis;this is consistent with the role of the products of @entity1426 metabolism via the alternative, lipoxygenase, pathway. The potentiation of LH-stimulated @entity251 production by LHRH agonist was unaffected by @entity3352 or by lipoxygenase inhibitors at concentrations that inhibited LH-stimulated @entity251 production by 75-100%. It was not possible to eliminate a role of calmodulin in modulating the potentiation, although higher concentrations of the inhibitors were generally required to negate the potentiation than to inhibit LH- or LHRH-agonist-stimulated @entity251 production.

title: Effects of calmodulin and lipoxygenase inhibitors on LH (lutropin)- and LHRH (luliberin)-agonist-stimulated steroidogenesis in XXXX Leydig cells.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6105 :: ('MESH:D014268', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoperazine']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3366 :: ('MESH:C011677', 'Chemical') :: ['benoxaprofen']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity2604 :: ('MESH:D009637', 'Chemical') :: ['nordihydroguaiaretic acid']

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['luliberin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Selective media were used to isolate a wide range of bacteria from sixty @entity1 dental plaques. Glucanase activities of the isolates were determined on dextran- and starch-containing media. All sixty samples of dental plaque yielded some colonies showing amylolytic and dextranolytic activities. The glucanase-producing organisms comprised 20% of the isolates. Of these 38% were Gram-positive rods, 27% Gram-positive cocci, 28% Gram-negative rods and 7% were Gram-negative cocci. The cultural groups most commonly represented among the glucanase-producing isolates were Actinomycetaceae, streptococci, haemophili and Gram-negative anaerobes. Species prominent among these isolates included @entity885 , @entity885 mitior, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, Bacterionema matruchotii, Bifidobacterium sp. and Bacteroides sp. No isolates capable of degrading starch or dextran were identified as @entity885 milleri, @entity16227 or Fusobacterium sp. This study has shown that a wide range of bacterial species commonly isolated from @entity1 dental plaques exhibit both amylolytic and dextranolytic activities. In order to understand glucan metabolism in @entity1 dental plaques further investigation of these catabolic activities is necessary.

title: Glucanase-producing organisms in XXXX dental plaques.

entities_list: @entity16227 :: ('2047', 'Species') :: ['Rothia dentocariosa']

entities_list: @entity885 :: ('1305', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus', 'Streptococcus sanguis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the association of @entity4512 with emotional and @entity146 , especially @entity308 in Finnish preadolescents. STUDY DESIGN: A structured @entity158 questionnaire was completed by 1756 third- and fifth-grade schoolchildren for identifying @entity1 with @entity158 ( @entity158 ), @entity1 with @entity4048 ( @entity4048 ), and @entity158 -free controls for the comparative study. There were 124 @entity1 with @entity158 (mean age, 10.7 years), 108 @entity1 with @entity4048 (mean age, 11.1 years), and 131 controls (mean age, 10.7 years) who completed the @entity1 's @entity308 Inventory (CDI) and a sleep questionnaire. A blinded clinical examination was done to detect @entity239 . For parental evaluation, the @entity1 Behavior Checklist and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. For teacher evaluation the Teacher Report Form was used. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity158 had significantly higher total emotional and behavioral scores than controls, according to @entity1 and parent evaluation. A significant difference in the mean total CDI scores was also found between the @entity158 and @entity4048 groups. @entity1 with @entity239 had significantly higher CDI scores than the other @entity1 with @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4512 , especially @entity239 , and @entity308 had high comorbidity. @entity158 and @entity308 should be recognized to prevent a @entity1118 problem.

title: Psychiatric symptoms in preadolescents with XXXX and @entity239 .

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal pain', 'musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'widespread pain', 'WSP']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the @entity3907 , @entity1205 , is effective in treating @entity356 . The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of @entity1205 in combination with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 (LV). METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with histologically proven locally advanced and/or metastatic @entity356 with WHO performance status 0-2 were enrolled and received either 75 or 100 mg/m(2) @entity1205 as a 1-h intravenous infusion on day 1 every 28 days. All @entity1 also received @entity1487 (1800 mg/m(2)) plus LV (500 mg/m(2)), by continuous intravenous infusion over 24 h on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. Chemotherapy was given for at least two cycles. RESULTS: Of the 25 evaluable @entity1 , 3 showed a complete response, 4 showed a partial response, and 11 @entity1 had stable disease. The overall response rate was 28.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.4, 45.6). The median time to progression was 5.9 months (95% CI, 5.4, 6.5), and the median overall survival was 7.7 months (95% CI, 7.2, 8.3) for the intent-to-treat population. The most frequent grade III and IV @entity1503 were @entity1398 and @entity417 . @entity1398 was observed in 10% of @entity1 and 2.4% of cycles. The prophylactic use of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) in 3 @entity1 reduced the incidence and severity of @entity1398 . Other @entity1503 were rare. CONCLUSION: @entity1205 in combination with weekly @entity1487 and LV is effective in treating @entity1 with advanced/metastatic @entity356 . This new @entity1205 -containing combination shows promise as a third-generation treatment option for @entity356 .

title: XXXX , @entity1487 , and @entity4181 as treatment for advanced @entity356 : results of a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: Regulator of G-protein signaling 9-1 ( @entity47156 -1) and @entity47156 -2 are highly related @entity46337 proteins with distinctive C termini arising from alternative splicing of @entity47156 gene transcripts. @entity47156 -1 is expressed in photoreceptors where it functions as a regulator of transducin. In contrast, @entity47156 -2 is abundantly expressed in the brain, especially in basal ganglia, where its specific function remains poorly understood. To gain insight into the function of @entity47156 -2, we screened a @entity1 cDNA library for potential interacting proteins. This screen identified a strong interaction between @entity47156 -2 and @entity8859 -2, suggesting a possible functional relationship between these proteins. Consistent with this idea, @entity47156 -2 and @entity8859 -2 coimmunoprecipitated after coexpression in @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells. Furthermore, endogenous @entity47156 -2 and @entity8859 -2 could also be coimmunoprecipitated from extracts of @entity35 striatum, an area highly enriched in both these proteins. These results supported the idea that @entity47156 -2 and @entity8859 -2 could act in concert in central neurons. Like @entity8859 -2, @entity47156 -2 coimmunoprecipitated @entity143 receptors from striatal extracts, suggesting an interaction between @entity47156 -2, @entity8859 -2, and @entity143 receptors. Previous studies have shown that @entity8859 mediates @entity460 -dependent inactivation of @entity143 receptors. In HEK-293 cells expressing @entity143 receptors, expression of @entity47156 -2 significantly modulated this form of @entity143 receptor inactivation. Furthermore, this modulation showed remarkable preference for @entity143 receptor inactivation mediated by @entity8859 -2. Using a series of deletion constructs, we localized this effect to the @entity46337 domain of the protein. These results identify an unexpected functional interaction between @entity47156 -2 and @entity8859 -2 and suggest a potential novel role for @entity47156 -2 in the regulation of @entity143 receptor function.

title: Brain-specific regulator of G-protein signaling 9-2 selectively interacts with @entity8859 -2 to regulate XXXX -dependent inactivation of @entity143 receptors.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Drug therapy for @entity322 and @entity11795 has met with varying degrees of success. Currently, there is no medication available that specifically targets the lower urinary tract without having untoward effects elsewhere in the body. @entity1 with urge @entity322 are the most difficult group to treat. The agents most commonly used to treat urge @entity322 , i.e. anticholinergics, musculotropics and tricyclic antidepressants, are limited in their effectiveness and have anticholinergic adverse effects. Other medications with theoretical treatment potential such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and @entity460 antagonists require more in depth clinical study before widespread use is appropriate. Although @entity172 is well tolerated, its role in the treatment of @entity322 in postmenopausal @entity1 may be limited. Medical treatment for @entity3142 is most successful in @entity1 with a mild condition. Drugs with alpha-adrenergic activity alone or in combination with @entity172 in postmenopausal @entity1 , are fairly effective and demonstrate few adverse effects at doses used to treat @entity3142 . Enuresis pharmacotherapy consists mainly of @entity7062 and tricyclic antidepressants. Adverse effects are minimal with the doses commonly used. While the majority of @entity1 improve with therapy, a significant portion relapse after treatment is terminated. Tolerability of a particular therapy depends on the effectiveness and adverse effects of the agent, the severity of @entity322 and the general health of the @entity1 . In general, @entity1 are willing to accept a greater degree of inconvenience if a drug produces the desired effect. However, individualisation of therapy should be used to maximise compliance and outcome. Blinded, dose-titration studies are needed to better determine doses for optimum tolerability. Research into drugs specifically targeting the lower urinary tract may lead to more effective and well tolerated therapy for @entity322 and @entity11795 .

title: Comparative tolerability of drug therapies used to treat @entity322 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['desmopressin']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity11795 :: (MESH:D004775,Disease) :: ['enuresis']


abstract: We describe a case of a cutaneous @entity1868 with features overlapping between the @entity28222 and the myopericytoma type. The @entity1 is a 58-year-old @entity1 with a @entity75 in the pretibial dermis and subcutaneous tissue. She had repeated @entity130 to this site, first in her early youth that left an area of @entity2117 , and then again at age 40. The biopsy showed a biphasic pattern with a @entity28222 -type component composed of spindle cell myoid nodules and more cellular round cell areas. The myopericytoma-like areas appeared to be infiltrating along vessels. These areas contained aggregates of immature-appearing cells arranged concentrically around vascular lumina in a manner reminiscent of pericytes. Immunohistochemical stains showed focal positivity for smooth muscle actin. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies have showed these pericyte-like cells to be of a myoid origin. The reason for the neoplastic proliferation of perivascular myoid cells is presently unknown. The association of @entity130 and neoplastic transformation of the skin is rare. We report the first case of a cutaneous @entity1868 arising in a chronic scar.

title: @entity1868 of myopericytoma and XXXX -type arising in a chronic scar.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['painless plaque-like and multinodular lesion']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity28222 :: ('MESH:D018224', 'Disease') :: ['myofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['perivascular myoma']

answer: @entity28222 :: (MESH:D018224,Disease) :: ['myofibromatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Growth of T cell lines from kidney graft biopsy specimens that suppress the antidonor response, either directly or through a soluble factor, both specific and nonspecific to donor, has been reported. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy sample cultures synthesize a large array of cytokines/chemokines with significant differences between stable versus acute rejection transplants. We hypothesize that the products of such cultures may be endowed with antidonor response modulation abilities in kidney transplantation. METHODS: From 46 @entity1 , 21 rejection free (group A) and 25 developing 28 acute rejection crises (group B), samples were obtained on days 7 and 30 after transplantation in group A and on day 7 and on acute rejection day in group B. The supernatants obtained after 48 h of culture were studied for @entity1193 , @entity3646 , @entity3646 soluble receptor alpha, IL-12, @entity4047 , @entity379 , @entity2533 , @entity6474 , @entity2841 , and @entity1421 and for their effects on mixed lymphocyte reactions, donor-recipient and recipient-third-party combinations. At the end, analysis by flow cytometry of donor-recipient cultures complemented the analysis done before cultures. RESULTS: Day 7 supernatants from group A specifically and significantly inhibited the antidonor response; supernatants from group B nonspecifically stimulated the antidonor response. The @entity1193 production was significantly higher by day 7 in group A, and the @entity1421 production was significantly higher in group B. Flow cytometry analysis did not disclose significant differences between inhibited versus stimulated antidonor responses. CONCLUSIONS: Cultures of aspiration biopsy samples done early after transplantation in rejection-free @entity1 produce soluble suppression-specific antidonor response factor(s), not present in cultures from biopsy specimens taken before and during rejection. This was associated with @entity1193 synthesis.

title: Cultures of kidney transplant fine-needle aspiration samples from rejection-free XXXX produce a specific antidonor response suppressive factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']