abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and clinical picture of @entity1463 in a population of Mexican @entity1 of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatr  a, M  xico City. BACKGROUND: @entity1463 is a disease of unknown etiology. It's diagnosis is difficult. The main clinical presentation is @entity381 with or without @entity6552 (portal @entity101 ). Splenoportography and liver histology study are the best procedures for diagnosis and must be performed by experts. METHODS: We studied 7/106 @entity1 with portal @entity101 during a period of 10 years, who were seen at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatr  a, M  xico city. Inclusion criteria were specific findings of splenoportography and histologic changes in liver biopsy. RESULTS: We found 7/106 @entity1 . The main clinical manifestation were @entity381 and @entity6552 . We did not find any previous history of contact with @entity3494 , @entity7398 or @entity3973 . In 6/7 @entity1 a porto-systemic shunt was performed. Only one received @entity1169 and sclerotherapy. At the time of this report all @entity1 have shown a good clinical course.

title: [ XXXX . 10 years of experience at the National Institute of Pediatrics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3973 :: ('MESH:D019327', 'Chemical') :: ['copper sulfate']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity7398 :: ('MESH:D014752', 'Chemical') :: ['vinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatoportal Sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

answer: @entity1463 :: (MESH:D012598,Disease) :: ['Hepatoportal sclerosis']


abstract: @entity141 channels from lipid and proteolipid fractions of @entity900 -sensitive and @entity900 -resistant cells were reconstituted and characterized in bilayer lipid membranes formed at the tips of patch-clamp micropipets. The characteristics of the @entity141 channels were typical for the endoplasmic reticulum membrane channel activity. They had a relatively large unit conductance and were modified by typical activators ( @entity2036 ) and inhibitors ( @entity3739 red, @entity1855 ). Different doses of @entity594 did not inhibit @entity141 channel activity. A substantial difference between the single-channel properties of the two types of investigated membranes was observed. The mean open time and the open state probability of channels reconstituted in bilayer lipid membranes from the membrane components of @entity900 -resistant cells were larger than those in bilayer lipid membranes made from components of @entity900 -sensitive cells. @entity3739 red (7 X 10(-7) M) inhibited the channel activity in both types of membranes to the same level. The observed effects could be related to an increased @entity141 release from the intracellular @entity141 stores (endoplasmic reticulum system) accompanied by an enhanced intracytoplasmic @entity141 concentration in @entity900 -resistant cells. These changes in the @entity141 concentration level may be responsible for the higher antitumor drug efflux rate and the development of the drug resistance. The suggestion is made that specific inhibitors of the @entity141 transport across the membranes of the subcellular @entity141 -storing organelles may be tested as agents for overcoming the antitumor drug resistance.

title: Changes in calcium channel activity in membranes from XXXX -resistant and -sensitive L1210 cells.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium', 'Ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum(II)']


abstract: We present an autopsy case of @entity292 complicated by both @entity356 and @entity3137 (AGML). A 73-year-old @entity1 with a past history of @entity2275 , @entity583 , and @entity4288 of the right femoral artery presented to Osaka National Hospital complaining of intermittent claudication of the right lower extremity. After a diagnosis of @entity14674 , percutaneous angioplasty was performed. The postoperative course was initially good. However, two weeks after the angioplasty procedure he suddenly vomited blood. Emergency endoscopy revealed both polypoid @entity356 and AGML, which were considered to be the major cause of his @entity360 . And he died of uncontrollable @entity360 two weeks after this examination. Autopsy showed an @entity731 of the abdominal aorta that had ruptured into the third part of the duodenum. To our knowledge, there has been no previous autopsy on a primary @entity292 from an @entity731 complicated by similar @entity360 . This case emphasizes the difficulty of making a clinical diagnosis of primary @entity292 .

title: [An autopsy case of primary @entity292 complicated by both XXXX and @entity3137 ].

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic aneurysm', 'atherosclerotic abdominal aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['aortoduodenal fistula']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14674 :: ('MESH:D001162', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis obliterans']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic gastric lesions', 'gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastric mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: @entity14441 . phaseoli strain collections harbor heterogeneous groups of bacteria in which two main types of strains may be distinguished, differing both in the symbiotic plasmid and in the chromosome. We have analyzed under laboratory conditions the competitive abilities of the different types of Rhizobium strains capable of nodulating @entity11297 . bean. @entity14441 . phaseoli type I strains (characterized by nif gene reiterations and a narrow host range) are more competitive than type II strains (that have a broad host range), and both types are more competitive than the promiscuous rhizobia isolated from other tropical legumes able to nodulate beans. Type I strains become even more competitive by the transfer of a non-Sym, 225-kilobase plasmid from type II strain CFN299. This plasmid has been previously shown to enhance the nodulation and @entity1568 fixation capabilities of @entity3261 transconjugants carrying the Sym plasmid of strain CFN299. Other type I @entity14441 . phaseoli transconjugants carrying two symbiotic plasmids (type I and type II) have been constructed. These strains have a diminished competitive ability. The increase of competitiveness obtained in some transconjugants seems to be a transient property.

title: Increased Bean ( XXXX .) Nodulation Competitiveness of Genetically Modified Rhizobium Strains.

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris L']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']

entities_list: @entity14441 :: ('384', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium leguminosarum bv', 'R. leguminosarum bv']

answer: @entity11297 :: (3885,Species) :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris L']


abstract: Our group carried out during 1989 a serological cross sectional study in 1,024 @entity1032 @entity1 (231 with @entity1467 [ @entity1467 ] and 793 affected with @entity146 [ @entity146 ]), educated in seven institutions of the Madrid region. Those @entity1 with negative HBsAg and anti- @entity13210 markers were considered vaccination susceptible individuals. This group was constituted by 546 individuals. The regime of vaccination used was 0-1-6 m, and the dose, 20 micrograms i.m. The present study makes an evaluation of the postvaccine serologic results one month after the third dose. It was considered the age, sex and if he or she suffers from @entity1467 or not. Corresponding with these variables the seroconversion rate (percentage of @entity1 with greater than or equal to 10 IU/l of anti-HBs) was determined as well as the geometric mean titer (GMT) of antibodies. The seroconversion rate was 97.1% in the group affected with @entity1467 and 95.5% in the group with @entity146 , not being this difference statistically significant. There is not also significant association with regard to the sex, being the seroconversion rate in males (94.7%) and females (97.6%) very similar. However, it is significant difference between the mean age of the "responders" to the vaccine (24.6 years of age) and that of the "non responders" (33.3 years of age) (p less than 0.001). Thus, the age exerts a negative influence in the response to the vaccination. The titer of anti-HBs antibody, expressed using the GMT, has significant association with the sex (p less than 0.001) but not with the type of mental disturbance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The immunogenicity of the vaccine against the HBV in the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally handicapped']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['OMD', 'other mental disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome", 'DS']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mentally retarded']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-dose intravenous gamma-globulin (IVGG) plus @entity117 (ASA) treatment is effective in preventing @entity453 in acute @entity573 ( @entity573 ). However, gamma-globulin is very expensive, especially in Japan. Furthermore the indication for IVGG treatment and the optimal dose of gamma-globulin remain controversial. OBJECTIVES: To examine these two issues, we used @entity7375 's scoring system to investigate whether a single 2 g/kg dose therapy has any advantage over the 5 day 400 mg/kg per day therapy. METHODS: We studied 203 @entity1 with @entity573 who had no @entity453 on admission. Of these, 145 @entity1 scored 4 or more on @entity7375 score within the first 9 days of illness and were treated with IVGG treatment. Using a random number table, 72 @entity1 were selected to receive a single 2 g/kg dose (2 g group), while the remaining 73 @entity1 were treated with 400 mg/kg per day for 5 consecutive days (400 mg group). Those who had a @entity7375 score of three or less received no IVGG (non-IVGG group) treatment (58 @entity1 ). RESULTS: The incidence rate of @entity453 in the 2 g group was significantly lower than in the 400 mg group. The duration of high fever, positive duration of @entity1851 and the number of hospital days in the 2 g group were each significantly shorter than in the 400 mg group. The total medical expense in the 2 g group was significantly lower than in the 400 mg group. There were no @entity453 in the non-IVGG group. CONCLUSIONS: It was found to be clinically more effective and more cost effective to select a @entity1 by @entity7375 's scoring system and, where a score of four or more was obtained, to administer a single 2 g/kg intravenous dose of gamma-globulin for acute @entity573 .

title: Selective high dose gamma-globulin treatment in XXXX : assessment of clinical aspects and cost effectiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery complications']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: We studied retrospectively the results in 24 @entity1 (25 feet) who had been treated by subtalar arthrodesis with internal compression for post-traumatic @entity625 from 1988 to 1992. Fifteen @entity1 were @entity1 (16 feet) and nine (9 feet) were @entity1 . Their mean age was 43 years (22 to 68), and the average duration of follow-up was four years (2 to 6). A single compression screw was used in all feet and iliac-crest bone grafting in ten. Union was achieved in 24 of the 25 feet (96%). Based on a clinical scale the results were excellent in 10 feet, good in 7, fair in 6, and poor in 2 and on the Angus and Cowell score they were good in 19 feet, fair in 4, and poor in 2. The two poor results were due to nonunion in one @entity1 and @entity6865 in the other. One reoperation was performed for nonunion. Eighteen @entity1 (18 feet) were satisfied with the results, four were satisfied with reservations, and three were dissatisfied. Progressive ankle and midfoot @entity625 did not occur in the absence of pre-existing degenerative changes in these joints. We conclude that isolated subtalar arthrodesis with internal compression was effective treatment for post-traumatic @entity625 . Iliac-crest bone grafting was not routinely required.

title: Subtalar arthrodesis with internal compression for post-traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['subtalar arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: Trypanoxyuris microon is a pinworm that infects New World nonhuman primates, including Aotus nancymae. Although it typically is clinically insignificant, @entity281 may serve as a significant variable during experimental data analysis. In this study we sought to determine the most effective anthelmintic therapy for eradication of T. @entity281 in A. nancymae. Animals confirmed to be infected with T. microon by perianal tape test were treated twice (on days 0 and 14) with @entity12471 , @entity3070 , or @entity18884 and evaluated for eggs by daily perianal tape test throughout the entire 28-d period. Successful clearance of eggs was defined as 5 consecutive negative perianal tape tests. @entity12471 and @entity3070 were significantly more effective at egg clearance than were @entity18884 and no treatment. Overall, 100% of the @entity12471 and @entity3070 treatment groups were cleared of @entity281 after 2 treatments, whereas only 60% of the @entity18884 group became negative for pinworm eggs. In addition, the time after treatment until clearance was 1 to 2 d for @entity12471 , 2 to 4 d for @entity18884 , and 4 to 6.5 d for @entity3070 . These results indicate that @entity12471 was the most effective and rapidly acting anthelmintic for the treatment of adult T. @entity281 , with @entity3070 as a suitable alternative. However because of the potential for continued development of immature stages or reinfection, anthelmintic doses should be repeated after 1 to 2 wk, in combination with effective environmental sanitation.

title: Comparison of various anthelmintic therapies for the treatment of Trypanoxyuris XXXX in owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae).

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'microon infection']

entities_list: @entity12471 :: ('MESH:D011716', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrantel pamoate', 'Pyrantel pamoate']

entities_list: @entity18884 :: ('MESH:D013827', 'Chemical') :: ['thiabendazole']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['microon infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies on determinants of quality of life (QOL) after a @entity64 focus on one aspect (most important: neurological @entity1316 or @entity73 ) and as such provide no insight in the relative contribution of each factor on QOL. The groups of @entity1 studied often contain victims of different types of @entity64 . This inhomogenity in @entity1 leads to further @entity911 about QOL after @entity64 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in one study factors important for QOL in the period 3-12 months after a first one-sided @entity385 in the region of the middle cerebral artery. DESIGN: Measures for QOL (Sickness Impact Profile, SIP), cognitive status (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale revised), mood and @entity51 were scored 3. 6 and 12 months after the @entity64 . SETTING: Successive @entity1 admitted to a general hospital and rehabilitation clinic in The Hague, The Netherlands. @entity1 : A complete examination was performed three times in 35 @entity1 . The results were compared to those of 20 controls matched for age, last occupation and educational level. RESULTS: There was no significant neurological improvement between 3 and 12 months after the @entity64 . Cognition was impaired when compared to the estimated premorbid level and to the controls. There was incomplete recovery over the study interval. The @entity1 as a group were @entity308 and remained so over the period of the study. The resulting quality of life scores were abnormal at 3 months and improved only slightly. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that @entity308 and degree of paresis were the most important variables for the SIPtotal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In a homogenous group of @entity64 @entity1 the QOL improved somewhat in the period 3 to 12 months after the @entity64 but was still highly abnormal after 1 year. The decrease in QOL was correlated with @entity308 and - to some degree - with @entity51 , but not to @entity73 .

title: Quality of life after a first @entity385 . Long-term developments and correlations with changes in XXXX , @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disturbances', 'cognitive failure']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['deficit, mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['neurological deficit']


abstract: The in vitro ability of Pothomorphe umbellata ethanolic crude extract to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in normal @entity267 and in @entity267 after @entity130 was demonstrated. Corneas of albino @entity95 were injured with 1 N @entity6674 for 20 s. After 48 h the corneas were excised, homogenized and analyzed for @entity2502 (92 kDa), pro- @entity2501 (72 kDa) and @entity2501 (67 kDa) activity by gelatin zymography. The activity was also measured in untreated corneas. After electrophoresis of 20 microg protein, gels were incubated with 50, 100, or 250 microg/mL lyophilized hydroethanolic (1:1) root crude extract of P. umbellata standardized for @entity57079 (7.09%). The activity of the enzymes was compared with that of untreated gel. At 48 h after injury, the activity of all MMPs was increased compared with untreated eyes. When the gels were incubated with P. umbellata extract the activity of @entity2501 , pro- @entity2501 and @entity2502 decreased in a dose-dependent manner. @entity2502 activity decreased by approximately 50% after incubation with 50 microg/mL and was completely abolished at 100 and 250 microg/mL of the extract. After incubation with 50 microg/mL the activity of pro- @entity2501 and @entity2501 also decreased by 50%. The activity of pro- @entity2501 was almost completely abolished after incubation with 250 microg/mL of the extract. For @entity2501 the incubation with 100 or 250 microg/mL of the extract of P. umbellata promoted a 10-fold decrease in activity. In conclusion, P. umbellata root crude extract can be useful as an alternative therapy to control MMP activity after @entity267 .

title: Dose-dependent in vitro inhibition of XXXX corneal matrix metalloproteinases by an extract of Pothomorphe umbellata after @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['cornea', 'corneal injury']

entities_list: @entity57079 :: ('MESH:C110583', 'Chemical') :: ['4-nerolidylcatechol']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['alkali injury']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity788 is a virulent @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of @entity1487 intraperitoneal administration for this @entity5 . We developed a @entity788 model whereby a @entity1 pancreatic cell line, MIA PaCa-2, was orthotopically transplanted to the pancreas of @entity19 as cell suspension (1 x 10(6) cells). IP group (n = 6) received 5 times IP administration (4, 7, 12, 16, 20 days after implantation) of @entity1487 50 mg/kg, 1.5 ml. IV group (n = 6) received 5 times IV therapy (the same dates as IP group) of @entity1487 50 mg/kg, 0.2 ml. Control group (n = 6) received no treatment. The @entity19 were sacrificed 42 days after implantation. The weight of the @entity5 of IP, IV and Control group was 0.332 +/- 0.143 g, 0.138 +/- 0.047 g and 0.329 +/- 0.085 g. Significant differences were found between IP and IV, and control. There was no difference between IP and control. This experiment demonstrated that 5 FUIP therapy for primary @entity788 showed no effect and 5 FUIV therapy was much more effective.

title: [Comparison between intraperitoneal and intravenous @entity1487 administration using XXXX model of nude @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma of the pancreas', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity6309 100 mg three times daily compared with @entity3371 25 mg three times daily on exercise capacity in @entity1 with @entity712 . DESIGN: A randomised, double blind, parallel group comparison of the addition of @entity6309 versus @entity3371 during a period of 24 weeks. SETTING: 26 outpatient cardiology clinics in seven European countries. @entity1 : 266 @entity1 , with mild to moderate @entity712 (New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II, 81% and III, 19%) and evidence of an enlarged left ventricle. @entity1 received concomitant treatment with diuretics and/or digitalis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Exercise duration after 24 weeks of treatment, compared with baseline. RESULTS: Mean (SD) ejection fraction was 29 (8)% and the baseline exercise duration in the @entity3371 and @entity6309 groups 665 (160) and 675 (174) seconds, respectively. At the end of the study, exercise duration had improved in both groups, by 29 seconds in the @entity6309 group (P < 0.01), and by 24 seconds in the @entity3371 group (P < 0.05). There was no difference between groups (P = 0.69, 95% confidence interval -22 to 33). NYHA class, signs and symptoms score, and dyspnoea and fatigue index improved equally in both groups. The total number of adverse events was the same in both treatment groups, but @entity344 occurred more often in the @entity6309 group. The number of @entity1 with premature withdrawals was no different. CONCLUSIONS: No difference was detected between the effect of @entity3371 and @entity6309 on exercise time in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity712 during a treatment period of 24 weeks.

title: Comparison of @entity3371 and XXXX in mild to moderate @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity6309 :: ('MESH:C023487', 'Chemical') :: ['ibopamine']

answer: @entity6309 :: (MESH:C023487,Chemical) :: ['ibopamine']


abstract: Cryopreservation of germplasm of aquatic species offers many benefits to the fields of aquaculture, conservation and biomedicine. Although successful fish sperm cryopreservation has been achieved with many species, there has been no report of successful cryopreservation of fish embryos and late stage oocytes which are large, chilling sensitive and have low membrane permeability. In the present study, cryopreservation of early stage @entity3392 ovarian follicles was studied for the first time using controlled slow freezing. The effect of cryoprotectant, freezing medium, cooling rate, method for cryoprotectant removal, post-thaw incubation time and ovarian follicle developmental stage were investigated. Stages I and II ovarian follicles were frozen in 4M @entity1042 and 3M @entity3733 in either L-15 medium or @entity4338 buffer. Ovarian follicle viability was assessed using @entity3460 , FDA+PI staining and @entity857 / @entity855 assay. The results showed that @entity4338 buffer was more beneficial than L-15 medium, @entity1042 was more effective than @entity3733 , optimum cooling rates were 2-4 degrees C/min, stepwise removal of cryoprotectant improved ovarian follicle viability significantly and stage I ovarian follicles were more sensitive to freezing. The results also showed that FDA+PI staining and @entity857 / @entity855 assay were more sensitive than TB staining. The highest follicle viabilities after post-thaw incubation for 2h obtained with FDA+PI staining were 50.7+/-4.0% although @entity857 / @entity855 ratios of the cryopreserved follicles were significantly increased indicating @entity131 . Studies are currently being carried out on in vitro maturation of these cryopreserved ovarian follicles.

title: Development of cryopreservation protocols for early stage XXXX ( @entity3392 ) ovarian follicles using controlled slow cooling.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['increased cell damage']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that @entity1 involved in similar activities as @entity1 are at increased risk for anterior cruciate @entity130 . HYPOTHESIS: The incidence rate of @entity1347 for @entity1 and @entity1 in our athletic, college-aged population is similar. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: Students graduating in class years 1994 to 2003 at our institution who sustained @entity1347 were assessed for mechanism of injury and type of sport played at time of injury. We calculated the incidence proportion, an estimation of risk, by gender and class year, and the incidence proportion ratio comparing @entity1 and @entity1 by class year. We also calculated incidence rates by gender and type of sport played and incidence rate ratios comparing @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: There were 353 anterior cruciate @entity130 in the 10 classes studied. We found an overall, 4-year incidence proportion of 3.24 per 100 (95% confidence interval, 2.89-3.63) for @entity1 and 3.51 (95% confidence interval, 2.65-4.65) for @entity1 (incidence proportion ratio, 1.09 [95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.47]). The overall anterior cruciate @entity130 rate, excluding male-only sports, was significantly greater in @entity1 (incidence rate ratio, 1.51 [95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.21]). We found significantly greater injury rates among @entity1 in a gymnastics course (incidence rate ratio, 5.67 [95% confidence interval, 1.99-16.16]), indoor obstacle course test (incidence rate ratio, 3.72 [95% confidence interval, 1.25-11.10]), and basketball (incidence rate ratio, 2.42 [95% confidence interval, 1.05-5.59]). CONCLUSION: We found little gender difference in the overall risk of an anterior cruciate ligament tear; however, there were gender differences in injury rates when specific sports and activities were compared and when male-only sports were removed from the overall rate assessment.

title: Gender differences in anterior cruciate @entity130 vary with activity: epidemiology of anterior cruciate XXXX in a young, athletic population.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['complete anterior cruciate ligament tears']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injury', 'ligament injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injuries']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) exerts at least part of its anti-inflammatory effects through @entity859 receptors (ADOR). The aims of this study were to determine the expression of all four @entity859 receptor genes ( @entity54876 , @entity28569 , @entity54877 , @entity9893 and @entity9893 variant) in rheumatoid synovial tissue and any influence of @entity1500 exposure on this expression. Furthermore, we investigated whether polymorphisms within @entity9893 were associated with response and/or adverse effects associated with @entity1500 . METHODS: @entity859 receptor gene expression was undertaken using PCR in 20 @entity309 ( @entity309 ) synovial samples. A separate cohort of 225 @entity309 @entity1 receiving @entity1500 was genotyped for SNPs in the @entity9893 receptor gene. Double immunofluorescence was used to identify cells expressing ADOR protein. RESULTS: All ADOR genes were expressed in all synovial samples. @entity9893 and A3variant were the dominant subtypes expressed irrespective of @entity1500 therapy. Expression of @entity28569 and @entity54877 was increased in @entity1 receiving @entity1500 compared to those not receiving @entity1500 . There was no association between the @entity9893 @entity54878 SNP and high and low disease activity or @entity1500 -associated adverse effects. @entity54877 protein expression was most obvious in vascular endothelial cells whereas @entity9893 protein was more abundant and expressed by synovial fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that @entity859 receptors are expressed in @entity309 synovium. There is differential expression of receptors such that @entity9893 is expressed at significantly higher levels. This evidence demonstrates the potential for @entity1500 to exert its anti-inflammatory effects at the primary site of pathology within the joints of @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: @entity859 receptor expression in rheumatoid synovium: a basis for XXXX action.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Seventy-six @entity794 strains isolated from various lesions of @entity1641 were characterized. All of the 76 strains were identified as biotypes B (38.2%) and C (61.8%). Of 55 strains tested, 42 (76.4%) were differentiated into 7 coagulase types. Coagulase types V and VII were predominant in the metritis strains. Coagulase type II was found most frequently in the strains from phlegmon, @entity1909 , @entity1244 , @entity50 , and @entity2490 . Forty-two (55.3%) of the 76 strains were differentiated into 24 phage patterns. Twenty (58.8%) of 34 typable strains from metritis were lysed by the @entity1 group I phage 52, and group II phages 3A, 3C, 55 and 71. Forty-five (59.2%) of the 76 strains were resistant to 1 or more of 6 antibiotics. Strains resistant to @entity3397 , irrespective of source, were most frequent (95.6%). Forty (93.0%) of 43 strains resistant to @entity3397 alone or in combination with other antibiotics produced beta-lactamase. Only 8 (10.5%) of the 76 strains produced enterotoxins A (n = 2), B (n = 1) or C (n = 5), and they all were isolated from metritis. Only 1 strain isolated from phlegmon and 2 from metritis produced exfoliative toxin (ET) and @entity137 toxin-1 (TSST-1), respectively. The latter 2 strains also produced enterotoxin C. The results of the present study showed the first evidence of the presence of both ET- and TSST-1-producing @entity794 isolated from @entity1641 .

title: Characteristics of XXXX isolated from lesions of @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['nasal catarrh']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['empyema sinus']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: Historically, it has been reported that @entity1 with undetected @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) may present with @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) type symptoms. This has led to the recommendation by the American College of Gastroenterology Task force that @entity1 presenting with @entity294 predominant @entity146 should be serologically tested for @entity1593 . Concurrently speculative media data suggest that the US general public have increased their uptake of a @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) far in excess of the known prevalence of @entity1593 . This may suggest that individuals with @entity344 are deriving benefit from a @entity1593 even if they do not have @entity1593 . This has led to the scientific community considering the evidence for an emerging concept of non-celiac @entity3505 sensitivity. There is a significant disparity in our views about what this phenomenon may be. There is also confusion about the nomenclature for this entity and indeed whether @entity1 are suffering due to symptoms related to gluten or perhaps other components of @entity3505 , for example fructans. In this month's edition of the American Journal of Gastroenterology, we see evidence to support the clinical concept of @entity3505 sensitivity or intolerance. Irrespective of the nomenclature Carroccio provides a clinically applicable approach that may be adopted internationally by clinicians. This offers a new option in our armamentarium when seeing @entity1 with @entity146 .

title: Non-celiac XXXX sensitivity: separating the @entity3505 from the chat!

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'gluten-free diet', 'GFD', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['IBS type symptoms']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1901 are uncommon, and the necessity, accuracy, and optimal use of perioperative testing remains unknown. Delays in diagnosis have also been associated with significant morbidity, including @entity177 . STUDY DESIGN: The records of all @entity1 (n = 20) admitted with @entity1901 to two Level I @entity130 centers during a 5-year period were reviewed. Data collected included @entity1 demographics, mechanism of injury, degree of associated @entity130 , and presence of gross or microscopic @entity811 . The use of any pre- or intraoperative testing was specifically noted. The location of the @entity1901 was obtained from the operative notes. The morbidity and mortality associated with @entity1901 in the primarily diagnosed and the delayed groups were assessed. Presenting signs and symptoms, diagnostic testing, and the urologic management of the @entity1 in the delayed group were reviewed. RESULTS: All @entity1 were @entity1 whose ages ranged from 15 to 72 years, with a mean age of 29. The mechanisms of injury were gunshot wounds in 15, stab wounds in 4, and blunt @entity130 in 1. Excluding other @entity130 , the incidence of @entity811 related to the @entity1901 alone was 53%. A total of 10 pre- and intraoperative studies were performed, only 2 demonstrated the @entity1901 . Seventeen @entity1 had their @entity130 diagnosed primarily. In this group, the ureter was repaired by suturing and stenting in 12, suturing without a stent in 1 and ureterocystostomy in 4. Delayed diagnosis of their @entity1901 occurred in three @entity1 . All three missed @entity130 occurred in the upper portion of the left ureter. All ureters were successfully repaired. There were no mortalities in this group, nor did any @entity1 require a nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Direct visualization of the injury is the best and most accurate diagnostic modality in @entity1901 . These results reinforce that a thorough exploration of all retroperitoneal @entity1410 after penetrating @entity130 remain an integral part of the total abdominal exploration for @entity130 .

title: XXXX : preoperative studies neither predict injury nor prevent missed @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral injuries', 'Ureteral injuries', 'ureteral injury', 'ureteral trauma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['loss of renal function']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['vehicular trauma', 'injuries', 'urologic injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1901 :: (MESH:D014515,Disease) :: ['Ureteral trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To provide a mapping algorithm for estimating EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) questionnaire index scores from the Incontinence-specific Quality of Life questionnaire (I-QOL) based on nationally representative samples of @entity1 with @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) using EQ-5D questionnaire preference valuations based on both the UK and US general populations. METHODS: Analyses were conducted for 2505 @entity1 from the Adelphi Overactive Bladder Disease Specific Programme, a cross-sectional study of @entity1 with @entity2182 , undertaken in the United States and Europe in 2010. A range of statistical modeling techniques was used. Tenfold cross-validation techniques were used to calculate mean absolute error (MAE) and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) goodness-of-fit statistics. Various predictor lists, together with a method combining stepwise selection with multivariable fractional polynomial techniques to allow nonlinear relationships to feature, were pursued. RESULTS: Choice of predictors was consistent for both the UK and US EQ-5D questionnaire tariffs. For idiopathic, the best model included the I-QOL total score and age (both modeled nonlinearly.) For neurogenic, the best model was the I-QOL social embarrassment domain score modeled linearly only. Best-fit results were better in the idiopathic (n = 2351; MAE = 0.10; @entity2246 = 0.14) than in the neurogenic sample (n = 254; MAE = 0.17; @entity2246 = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS: This research provides algorithms for mapping EQ-5D questionnaire index scores from the I-QOL, allowing calculation of appropriate preference-based health-related quality-of-life scores for use in cost-effectiveness analyses when only I-QOL data are available. The strongest results were for idiopathic @entity1 , but those for neurogenic are consistent with those of other published mapping studies.

title: Mapping EQ-5D utility scores from the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire among @entity1 with neurogenic and idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic or neurogenic overactive bladder', 'OAB', 'idiopathic or neurogenic OAB']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['RMSE', 'root mean squared error']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder']


abstract: Some @entity1 with @entity1577 have reduced pulmonary volumes, indicating a restrictive pattern of @entity358 . We identified ten @entity1 with pulmonary functional evidence of restriction among 158 @entity1 with @entity1577 followed at the University of California San Diego Medical Center in 1984 and 1985. We characterized the radiographic, pulmonary functional, and clinical characteristics of these restricted @entity1 compared to matched nonrestricted @entity1 . Pulmonary volumes were measured by three different techniques: plethysmography; @entity1568 washout; and radiography. Except for plethysmographic pulmonary volumes, there were no significant differences between the matched restricted and nonrestricted @entity1 . Radiographic pulmonary volume tended to overestimate gas volume measured by the other techniques. Differences among these techniques (thought to represent air-space filling) correlated best with radiographic evidence of air trapping and bronchial markings and not with parenchymal lesions. Serial pulmonary function tests demonstrated changes in pulmonary volume in several @entity1 and a trend toward improvement in pulmonary volume in the restricted @entity1 over time. We conclude that restricted pulmonary function does not necessarily indicate more severe disease in @entity1 with @entity1577 and may be reversible in some. The mechanism of restriction may be related more to radiographic evidence of @entity1030 than to parenchymal abnormalities.

title: XXXX in @entity1577 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Restricted pulmonary function']


abstract: Sections of @entity406 -fixed and @entity982 -embedded tissue specimens of 11 normal ovaries and tubes, 13 @entity43 , and 115 @entity43 were investigated by immunohistochemistry. @entity10224 and CA 19-9 were demonstrated with monoclonal antibodies, @entity787 with polyclonal antibodies. The tissue expression was visualized by the avidin- @entity1885 method. In the germinal epithelium of all ovaries no @entity5 marker was confirmed. In 4 out of 11 tubes the epithelium was @entity10224 positive, in 2 out of 11 cases CA 19-9 positive. Nine out of 13 @entity43 were @entity10224 and 5 out of 13 were CA 19-9 positive in their epithelium. Elevated serum levels of these markers might be due to expression via the epithelial cell of the inflamed tube. All normal and inflammatory adnexal tissues were @entity787 negative. In @entity5 and @entity189 , @entity10224 was most frequently confirmed (85 and 70%, respectively). All @entity5 were @entity10224 negative. The most frequently confirmed @entity5 marker was CA 19-9 (77%). In @entity5 , @entity787 was most frequent (44%). In 42% of the borderline @entity5 and @entity189 only one marker was demonstrated, in 7% none. Here, immunohistochemistry may indicate the most adequate marker. Tumor marker expression was markedly heterogenous: @entity5 areas with strong, weak, and no reaction were adjacent. The @entity5 markers revealed no specificity for @entity5 .

title: Tissue expression of @entity10224 in benign and malignant lesions of ovary and fallopian tube: a comparison with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'tubo-ovarian abscesses, 3 tubal carcinomas', 'tubo-ovarian abscesses']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mucinous tumors', 'endometrioid tumors', 'malignancy or disease', 'serous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated carcinomas', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['CA 19-9 and CEA']


abstract: The partial agonist @entity5633 has a @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) suppressing effect on @entity1 sleep probably via a 5HT(1A) receptor in the pontine area. @entity56783 is a new 5HT(1A) agonist with a greater intrinsic effect than @entity5633 . The objective of this study was to examine the effects of @entity56783 on sleep architecture, particularly @entity1319 sleep, in normal volunteers and compare it with @entity5633 and placebo. This was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled four-way crossover study in 12 healthy volunteers. Volunteers were screened to ensure that they had normal overnight sleep EEG (electroencephalogram) and were extensive @entity5320 metabolizers. Sleep was recorded on pairs of nights on four occasions, with medication being taken before the second night. Treatments were @entity56783 1.5mg at 10 AM, @entity56783 1.5mg at 11 PM, @entity5633 20mg at 11 PM and placebo. Standard measures of sleep were derived and compared among the four treatments using ANOVA. @entity1319 sleep was significantly suppressed supporting the proposition that activation of post-synaptic 5HT(1A) receptors reduces @entity1319 sleep. @entity1949 increased by both drugs. @entity1319 sleep suppression was significantly greater with morning @entity56783 than with @entity5633 . Wakefulness in sleep was significantly greatest after morning @entity56783 . @entity1319 sleep effects were greatest after evening @entity56783 , suggesting a greater effect on central @entity750 receptors than that of @entity5633 .

title: The use of sleep measures to compare a new 5HT1A agonist with @entity5633 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity5633 :: ('MESH:D002065', 'Chemical') :: ['buspirone']

entities_list: @entity56783 :: ('MESH:C115127', 'Chemical') :: ['Eptapirone', 'eptapirone']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'rapid eye movement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Young @entity1 with @entity1610 may develop multilevel @entity85 that compromise comfort and gait. The classic treatment of performing corrective, staged osteotomies, at each level of deformity, is a daunting prospect that is fraught with potential complications. To avoid this scenario, we have adopted single-event, multilevel surgery, using guided growth to simultaneously address bilateral @entity85 of the knee and hip, with good results. METHODS: Three cousins with Schmid-type @entity16250 , presented for treatment of progressive @entity85 . In lieu of osteotomies, we used simultaneous guided growth of the proximal and distal lateral femora and proximal lateral tibiae, while ignoring the distal @entity85 . The pan-genu 8-plates served to neutralize the mechanical axis while preserving a horizontal knee. The rationale for applying the trochanteric 8-plate was to stabilize the proximal femoral chondroepiphysis, hoping to postpone or avert intertrochanteric osteotomy. The average age at surgery was 28 months, with a range of 19 to 33 months, and follow-up has ranged from 28 to 59 months (average 48 mo). The pan-genu 8-plates were removed after an average of 12 months, leaving the trochanteric implants in situ, pending further growth. RESULTS: Neutralization of the mechanical axis resolved lateral knee thrust and intoeing. As the femur is effectively adducted by knee realignment, the greater trochanteric impingement on the ilium is alleviated. Lateral tethering of the trochanteric apophysis served to increase the femoral neck-shaft angle, improving the abductor lever arm. Each @entity1 experienced complete resolution of the fatigue @entity158 and Trendelenburg gait. As knee alignment was restored, the ankle varus resolved spontaneously, requiring no direct treatment. The clinical improvement was reflected in trending of the radiographic angles and axes toward normal. CONCLUSIONS: These @entity1 have benefited from outpatient guided growth, rather than the anticipated osteotomies, to correct multilevel @entity85 . Our goal is to exclusively use guided growth, repeatedly as needed, to avoid osteotomies altogether. Annual follow-up until skeletal maturity is planned. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-retrospective case series.

title: Multilevel guided growth for hip and knee varus secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['chondrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity16250 :: ('MESH:C536252', 'Disease') :: ['metaphyseal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['tibial deformity', 'varus deformities']

answer: @entity1610 :: (MESH:D010009,Disease) :: ['chondrodysplasia']


abstract: @entity1088 is one of the most clinically potent drugs currently available for treating the symptoms of @entity161 . Compared with conventional antipsychotics it surpasses its predecessors in its ability to treat a wider range of symptoms in otherwise refractory @entity1 , while possessing a low propensity to produce @entity21 . Despite its significant advantages, not all @entity1 benefit from treatment. Some @entity1 react adversely to therapy while others fail to respond adequately. If those most likely to benefit from @entity1088 could be identified prior to treatment, this would significantly improve the clinical management of these @entity1 . Genetic alterations in drug-metabolising enzymes have previously been demonstrated to influence the efficacy of clinically relevant drugs. It is possible that similar alterations in these and other systems may influence the response variability of @entity1 to @entity1088 . Pharmacogenetic studies are at present investigating genes encoding drug receptors, drug-metabolising enzymes and neurotransmitter transporters to identify genetic variants that may be important. To date polymorphisms within serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways have been implicated, though the involvement of similar variants in other candidate systems is also likely. This information will ultimately enable the genetic prediction of @entity1 most likely to benefit from the drug, and in the process would alleviate the unnecessary exposure of predisposed individuals to potentially serious adverse effects.

title: Genetic predictors of therapeutic response to XXXX : current status of research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine', 'clozapine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['clozapine']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is one of the most @entity5 worldwide. We performed a proteomic study to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying @entity3 in @entity157 . Among the 3491 protein spots observed by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), we found that 197 and 88 protein spots had statistically significant differences in intensity between @entity5 and non- @entity5 tissues and between the @entity5 with and without vascular invasion, respectively. Mass spectrometry was used to identify the proteins corresponding to those protein spots. We found that compared to @entity5 tissues without vascular invasion, those with vascular invasion showed markedly upregulated expression of the @entity29190 ( @entity29190 ). The association of increased @entity29190 expression with vascular invasion in the @entity5 tissues was confirmed by western blotting. @entity29190 expression levels were equal for non- @entity5 tissues and @entity5 tissues without venous invasion, as assessed by 2D-DIGE and western blotting. Silencing of @entity29190 reduced @entity5 invasion without affecting the proliferation of the @entity157 cells. These observations suggested that @entity29190 is involved in the process of @entity3 by promoting the invasiveness of @entity5 cells. It may therefore be worth investigating the clinical usefulness of @entity29190 as a biomarker in risk-stratification therapy and as a therapeutic target in @entity157 .

title: Proteomic identification of the XXXX as a protein contributing to the malignant features of @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'deadly cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity29190 :: ('822', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage-capping protein', 'CapG']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity29190 :: (822,Gene) :: ['macrophage-capping protein']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6522 is a common condition with obscure pathogenesis. @entity28 , @entity407 and @entity101 have been demonstrated to increase the risk of @entity66 , but the impact of metabolic risk factors on the prevalence of uncomplicated @entity7261 has not been clearly determined. AIMS: The aim of the study was to examine the impact of @entity28 and @entity209 on the prevalence of @entity6522 . METHODS: This retrospective case-control study included @entity1 aged 40-85 years who were followed up by the Institute of Medical Screening in Israel and underwent colonoscopy in 2006-2011 for indication of @entity14 screening. @entity1 with @entity7261 as detected by colonoscopy were compared to @entity1 without @entity7261 . The comparison parameters included medical history, biometric parameters, biochemical and lipid profile. RESULTS: The study included 3,175 @entity1 . @entity7261 was diagnosed in 17.4% of the cohort. On univariate analysis, age, male gender, BMI (continuous variable), @entity28 , systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein @entity165 level, history of @entity101 , @entity741 , @entity1375 , and @entity6 were associated with an increased risk of @entity6522 . On multivariate analysis, advanced age, male gender, @entity28 (BMI >30), history of @entity1375 and @entity6 were associated with an increased risk of @entity7261 . Prevalence of @entity1586 was similar in @entity1 with and without @entity7261 . CONCLUSION: @entity6522 was associated with age, male gender, @entity28 and @entity1375 . @entity6 was associated with a decreased risk of @entity6522 .

title: XXXX , @entity209 and the risk of development of @entity6522 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complicated diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity6522 :: ('MESH:D043963', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic diverticulosis', 'colonic diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['absence of diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['Diverticulosis', 'diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: In situ complement activation was induced in isolated, ventilated, and blood-free perfused @entity95 lungs. Six to 11% human serum (vol/vol) was repeatedly admixed to the recirculating Krebs Henseleit buffer during 10-min periods, interrupted by rinsing phases with serum-free medium. This caused dose-dependent, reversible, and reproducible pulmonary artery pressor responses with pressure peaks or plateaus of 8 to 22 mm Hg. Pressor responses were paralleled by a marked release of @entity2871 ( @entity3447 ) and @entity4770 into the medium. Heat-inactivated serum, purified fluid-phase SC5b-9, and serum that had been activated with inulin in the absence or presence of a carboxypeptidase inhibitor all failed to elicit pressor responses. Both pressor response and prostanoid release were strictly dependent on complement factor C8, and evidence for C8 binding was obtained with the use of 125I-C8. Inhibitor studies collectively indicated that @entity3447 was the predominant vasoconstrictive agent. Although repetitive short-term application of human serum induced no major lung weight gain, prolonged exposure to serum (40 to 80 min) without intermittent rinsing phases caused a delayed increase in the capillary filtration coefficient to maximally 3- to 4-fold values, with marked @entity4 formation. We conclude that in situ activation of complement in the @entity95 lung vasculature causes immediate intrapulmonary prostanoid generation and @entity2871 -mediated vasoconstriction, independent of circulating leukocytes, but dependent on the formation of terminal membrane-complement complexes. Continuous complement activation results in a delayed increase in lung vascular permeability.

title: Local complement activation, XXXX -mediated vasoconstriction, and vascular leakage in isolated lungs. Role of the terminal complement sequence.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lung edema']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin I2']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To re-evaluate the cost effectiveness and median overall survival (OS) achieved in @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 treated with @entity2903 in British Columbia, as compared to previous @entity11770 use in the same @entity1 population based on updated outcomes data. Results were also compared to @entity2903 literature reports. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review was performed to identify @entity1 who received single agent @entity2903 or @entity11770 during successive, prespecified time periods. Data were collected on survival, duration of therapy, drug cost, labour and supplies, and successive or prior chemotherapy. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 in the @entity2903 group and 25 @entity1 in the @entity11770 group were analysed. The median OS was 33.3 weeks (95% CI 28.4, 42.1 weeks) and 37.7 weeks (95% CI 25.0, 88.4 weeks) respectively (P = 0.783). @entity2903 @entity1 received a mean of 5.1 cycles of drug treatment, with a mean cost per @entity1 of 10746 dollars (CAD). In contrast, @entity11770 @entity1 received a mean of 3.3 cycles of therapy, with a mean cost per @entity1 of 129 dollars (CAD). The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that @entity2903 was generally not a cost-effective strategy and that @entity11770 was the dominant strategy. In the sensitivity analysis, in scenarios where median OS was prolonged with @entity2903 as compared to @entity11770 , the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for each life year gained ranged from 32,247 dollars to 162,186 dollars. CONCLUSION: No difference in survival was observed between @entity1 treated with single agent @entity11770 and @entity2903 . Based on the higher cost and lack of additional clinical benefit of @entity2903 , @entity11770 is a more cost-effective treatment strategy.

title: Re-evaluation of the cost effectiveness of @entity2903 for XXXX in British Columbia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide', 'temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate noncompliance with follow-up in normal-tension @entity726 (NTG) suspects. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: We reviewed 203 @entity1 charts at a university eye clinic, identified as NTG suspects from a database of optic disk photographs. Noncompliance was defined as less than one year of follow-up and/or fewer than two completed @entity227 ( @entity227 ) tests. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (11%) were excluded because at least two @entity227 tests were not ordered. The 181 @entity1 analyzed included 45 (25%) non-Whites and 16 (9%) non-English speakers. Eighty-three @entity1 (46%) were noncompliant. These @entity1 were significantly younger (50.5 +/- 15.0 years vs 55.1 +/- 12.8 years; P = .028), were more likely to speak English (P = .023), and were more likely to have no or unknown health insurance (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of NTG suspects lacked appropriate follow-up. Lack of health insurance may be a significant barrier to compliance with follow-up in this population.

title: Risk factors for noncompliance with follow-up among normal-tension XXXX suspects.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the management of pediatric @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) presenting to @entity341 ( @entity341 ) participating in the Illinois Emergency Medical Services for @entity1 (EMSC) Facility Recognition program. METHODS: In 2010, Illinois EMSC conducted a survey (including case scenarios) and medical record review regarding management of pediatric @entity1 with @entity6 . Data were submitted by 116 @entity341 . RESULTS: Survey response rate was 94%. Only 34% of @entity341 had a documented @entity6 guideline/policy; 37% reported that they did not have hospital adult or pediatric endocrinology services. Case scenarios identified a high percentage of respondents given an intravenous (IV) isotonic @entity2827 solution of 10 to 20 mL/kg during the first hour. However 17% to 21% would use an alternative choice such as administering initial IV solution of 0.45 @entity2827 , initiating an insulin drip before fluids, or waiting for more laboratory results before giving fluids or insulin. A total of 532 medical record reviews were submitted. In 87% of records, @entity1 received an initial IV isotonic @entity2827 solution within the first hour. In 74%, @entity1 received IV insulin infusion/drip (0.1 U/kg/h) after the initial fluid bolus. Of the @entity1 , 51% were transferred to another facility; 22% were admitted to an intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS: Best ED practice management of pediatric @entity6 includes establishing a specific guideline/protocol and ensuring access to a pediatric endocrinologist. Both were identified as improvement areas in this project. Illinois EMSC has developed an educational module and provided direct feedback to all participating @entity341 , to improve their management of pediatric @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Current variability of clinical practice management of pediatric XXXX in Illinois pediatric @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis', 'DKA']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, stability and predictability of posterior chamber collagen copolymer phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation to correct @entity1714 and myopic @entity940 associated with @entity9042 . METHODS: The unaided vision and visual acuity, refraction and adverse events were measured in 22 keratoconic eyes of 14 @entity1 after using an implantable collamer lens (ICL) (STAAR Surgical Inc.) to correct @entity2516 . The outcome was evaluated over six months. RESULTS: The mean pre-operative spherical equivalent (SE) and cylinder changed from -4.98    2.63 DS and -2.77    0.99 DC to -0.33    0.51 DS and -1.23    0.65 DC, respectively at the end of six months. Before the surgery the mean Snellen decimal visual acuity was 0.63    0.20. The mean unaided vision and visual acuity changed to 0.76    0.23 and 0.85    0.21, respectively at the end of six months. The mean safety and efficacy indices were 1.40    0.32 and 1.24    0.34, respectively. No eye lost a line of @entity227 (77.3 per cent) gained one or more lines. Fifteen eyes (68.2 per cent) were within 0.50   D and 20 (90.9 per cent) were within 1.00   D of the desired spherical equivalent refraction. There was a change in manifest refraction of 0.09    0.21 (ranging from -0.25 to +0.75) from one week to six months after the surgery. CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes of the current study demonstrate the safety, efficacy and predictability of toric implantable collamer lens in the correction of @entity1714 and myopic @entity940 associated with @entity9042 . The @entity1 ' refractions achieved early stability and remained stable during the course of the study.

title: Toric implantable collamer lens for high myopic XXXX in keratoconic @entity1 after six months.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity and 17 eyes']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['astigmatism']


abstract: Despite the importance of pulmonary exacerbations in @entity1577 in both clinical and research settings, both published evidence and consensus are lacking concerning the criteria used to define an exacerbation. The use of hospitalization as a surrogate measure presupposes uniformity among clinicians in diagnosis and treatment of exacerbations. Our aims were to evaluate consensus among clinicians about the variables considered helpful in diagnosing an exacerbation requiring treatment. A comprehensive list of symptoms, signs, and investigations used to define exacerbations was compiled from published trials. A written self-administered questionnaire included the list in age-appropriate groups to survey opinion about the helpfulness of each item, and the estimated proportion of @entity1 admitted within a month of diagnosis of an exacerbation. This was sent to all clinicians managing @entity1577 @entity1 in Australia. There were replies from 59/91 clinicians (65%), 41/60 (68%) from those managing @entity1 and 18/31 (58%) from those managing adults. Responses of those managing @entity1 and adults differed for 7/32 variables (Mann-Whitney test, P < 0.05). Clinic grouping did not show greater consensus among responses of pediatricians (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.362). Consensus, >74% or <26% of respondents rating a variable helpful/very helpful, was found in only 50% of variables listed. Estimated admission rate within a month of diagnosis was 61% (30-100%) for those managing adults and 48% %5-100%) for pediatricians. A lack of consensus was found among clinicians managing @entity1577 about the variables considered in diagnosing an exacerbation. The estimated proportion admitted within a month of diagnosis was very variable. This demonstrated inhomogeneity in approach to diagnosis and management of an exacerbation suggests a significant heterogeneity of clinical care.

title: Defining an exacerbation of pulmonary disease in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity263 has been impeded by the lack of both clinically relevant disease models and metabolic markers that track @entity5 progression. Hyperpolarized (HP) @entity7352 MR spectroscopy has emerged as a new technology to investigate the metabolic shifts in @entity263 . In this study, we investigate the @entity413 reprogramming using HP @entity7352 @entity2388 MR in a @entity1 -derived prostate tissue slice culture (TSC) model. METHODS: The steady-state metabolite concentrations in freshly excised @entity1 prostate TSCs were assessed and compared to those from snap-frozen biopsy samples. The TSCs were then applied to a perfused cell (bioreactor) platform, and the bioenergetics and the dynamic @entity2388 flux of the TSCs were investigated by (31) P and HP (13) C MR, respectively. RESULTS: The prostate TSCs demonstrated steady-state glycolytic and phospholipid metabolism, and bioenergetics that recapitulate features of @entity263 in vivo. @entity7352 spectra following injection of HP @entity7352 @entity2388 showed significantly increased @entity2388 to @entity880 flux in malignant as compared to the benign prostate TSCs. This increased flux in the malignant prostate TSCs correlated with both increased expression of @entity3338 transporters (MCT) and activity of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH). CONCLUSIONS: We provide the first mechanistic evidence for HP @entity7352 @entity880 as a @entity263 biomarker in living @entity1 tissues, critical for the interpretation of in vivo studies. More broadly, the clinically relevant metabolic model system in combination with HP MR can facilitate the identification of clinically translatable biomarkers of @entity263 presence, @entity146 , and treatment response.

title: Metabolic reprogramming and validation of hyperpolarized 13C XXXX as a @entity263 biomarker using a @entity1 prostate tissue slice culture bioreactor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: Thin section contiguous axial computer tomography (CT) was used to demonstrate @entity174 of the occipital condyle and craniocervical @entity130 . During a 12-month period, 55 consecutive @entity1 who had sustained high energy blunt @entity130 to the head or upper cervical region were examined (38 male and 17 female, age range 3-80 years, median 24 years). If @entity174 was suspected clinically, CT was performed from C2 to the foramen magnum with two dimensional sagittal, coronal, and curvilinear reconstructions and employing bone and soft tissue windows. @entity174 were classified according to Anderson and Montesano types 1, 2 or 3. Injury to the internal craniocervical ligaments was described. Nine of 55 @entity1 had @entity174 (16.4%). Injury of the alar ligaments was demonstrated in four and tectorial membrane injury in two @entity1 . Three of the nine @entity1 had associated @entity174 of cervical vertebrae. Five of nine @entity1 had a normal Glasgow @entity772 scale on admission (55%) and in two @entity1 the occupital condyle @entity174 was the only significant injury. Plain cervical radiographs were non-diagnostic. Two @entity1 had significant @entity158 and limited motion of the craniocervicum several months following injury. In conclusion, CT should be performed where there is a high clinical suspicion of @entity174 , that is based mainly on the mechanism of injury.

title: XXXX of the occipital condyles and associated craniocervical @entity130 : incidence, CT imaging and implications.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'occipital condyle fractures', 'occipital condyle fracture', 'Occipital condyle fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We analysed pooled data from two clinical trials to assess the diagnostic accuracy and safety of @entity52119 ( @entity14999 )-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) relative to those of non-enhanced @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) MRA for @entity453 . Both techniques were compared with X-ray angiography as the gold standard. METHODS: @entity1 were of both sexes, were aged at least 18 years and had suspected @entity453 . Each @entity1 was his/her own control and underwent @entity1054 MRA followed by @entity14999 -enhanced MRA, and then X-ray angiography. MRA was performed at 1.5 T (USA study) or 3 T (Republic of Korea study). The primary criterion used to evaluate efficacy was the degree to which the MRA examination agreed with X-ray angiography in assessing non-coronary arterial lesions. The performance of @entity14999 over @entity1054 was assessed using a one-sided paired t-test. We also evaluated the specificity, sensitivity, image quality, examination duration and clinical safety of both MRA procedures. RESULTS: In total, 192 @entity1 were enrolled and received @entity14999 . In the intent-to-treat population (n=162), within- @entity1 accuracy was significantly greater for @entity14999 than for @entity1054 (85.8    19.8% agreement between @entity14999 and X-ray angiography compared with 78.3    24.9% agreement between @entity1054 and X-ray angiography; p=0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, image quality and examination duration were also better for @entity14999 than for @entity1054 . There were no serious drug-related adverse events. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity14999 -enhanced MRA is a safe and accurate procedure for detecting @entity2791 at both 1.5 T and 3 T.

title: Evaluation of XXXX -enhanced MR angiography (MRA) compared with @entity1054 MRA in the diagnosis of clinically significant @entity453 : a pooled analysis of data from two clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity52119 :: ('CHEBI:73727', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine gadoterate']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['non-coronary arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['time-of-flight', 'TOF']

answer: @entity52119 :: (CHEBI:73727,Chemical) :: ['meglumine gadoterate']


abstract: The effect of four carotenoids ( @entity2066 , @entity8665 , @entity55569 and @entity20386 ) on the respiratory burst of @entity35 peritoneal macrophages was investigated. The results obtained showed that carotenoids suppressed the @entity6931 -dependent chemiluminescence generated from @entity4515 -stimulated macrophages at the beginning and after 2 min of the stimulation. @entity20386 and @entity55569 had higher suppressive activity than @entity2066 and @entity8665 . The changes in absorption spectra of carotenoids showed that the absorption by carotenoids was diminished during the stimulation of macrophages by PMA and their absorption peaks were either further diminished or blue-shifted after addition of @entity534 to the system, indicating that the carotenoids were consumed and converted to new compounds during the two processes. By using cell-free systems, it was found that carotenoids could scavenge @entity224 anion generated by @entity3624 / @entity3624 oxidase system. Their ability to scavenge @entity224 anion decreased in the order of @entity20386 > @entity55569 > @entity8665 > @entity2066 . @entity20386 also showed the scavenging effect on @entity224 anion generated from irradiation of @entity8728 . The @entity3787 radical scavenging activity of carotenoids was investigated in the reaction system of @entity8798 and @entity274 . There was little difference among their activities. The reaction between carotenoids and @entity842 led to the decreasing absorption between 400 and 540 nm and the concomitant appearance of the new absorption peaks between 330 and 395 nm. Bleaching of @entity2066 , @entity55569 and @entity20386 by @entity6710 resulted in the increasing absorption between 290 and 365 nm and the diminishing absorption between 400 and 500 nm. But the increasing absorption between 280 and 490 nm was observed in bleaching of @entity8665 by @entity6710 . @entity20072 inhibited @entity4466 -reactive substance (TBARS) formation in @entity33028 -induced lipid peroxidation of PC liposomes in air. The results suggest that the suppressive effect of carotenoids on the respiratory burst of macrophages may be just a way by which carotenoids in vivo protect host cells and tissues from harmful effects of @entity26 metabolites overproduced by macrophages and enhance the generation of specific immune responses.

title: Effect of carotenoids on the respiratory burst of XXXX peritoneal macrophages.

entities_list: @entity20386 :: ('MESH:D016644', 'Chemical') :: ['canthaxanthin', 'Canthaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity20072 :: ('MESH:D002338', 'Chemical') :: ['Carotenoids']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity5 often cause significant morbidity and even death to @entity1 . To date, conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiation and surgery, are often limited; meanwhile, novel anticancer therapeutics are urgently needed to improve clinical treatments. Rapid application of nanotechnology and nanomaterials represents a promising vista for the development of anti- @entity5 therapeutics. However, how to integrate the novel properties of nanotechnology and nanomaterials into @entity5 treatment warrants close investigation. In the current study, we report a novel finding about the inhibitory effect of @entity29312 @entity3603 ( @entity3603 ) on Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) activity in @entity2622 HeLa cells associated with the attenuation of the ROCK- @entity517 signaling. We mechanistically demonstrated that QD-conducted ROCK inhibition greatly diminished @entity517 protein stability due to reduced phosphorylation, and also suppressed its activity in transcribing target genes (e.g. @entity52090 ). Thus, the treatment of @entity3603 greatly restrained HeLa cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase due to the reduced ability of @entity517 in driving cell proliferation. Additionally, since @entity52090 , one of the @entity517 targets, is involved in regulating cell growth through ribosomal biogenesis and assembly, the downregulation of @entity52090 could also contribute to diminished proliferation in HeLa cells upon QD treatment. These results together suggested that inhibition of ROCK activity or ROCK-mediated @entity517 signaling in @entity5 cells upon QD treatment might represent a promising strategy to restrain @entity5 progression for @entity1 @entity2622 .

title: Quantum dots ( @entity3603 ) restrain @entity1 XXXX HeLa cell proliferation through inhibition of the ROCK- @entity517 signaling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3603 :: ('MESH:C562924', 'Disease') :: ['quantum dots', 'QDs']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity1669 , @entity2743 and @entity12012 , result from a complex interaction between genetic, environmental and endogenous factors. The genetic loci conferring susceptibility remain unclear. A recent report has demonstrated an association between a microsatellite polymorphism of the @entity4386 gene (allele 106) on chromosome 2q33 and @entity2743 in Caucasian @entity1 in the USA. The aim of the present study was to confirm this association in UK @entity1 and to determine whether this polymorphism is also associated with @entity12012 . DESIGN: Analysis of Caucasian @entity1 with @entity1669 from a single clinic, compared to local Caucasian controls. @entity1 : We studied 112 @entity1 with @entity2743 , 44 with @entity12012 and 91 controls. MEASUREMENTS: @entity4386 microsatellite gene polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA and resolution of the products on sequencing gels. RESULTS: As in previous studies, 21 alleles of the @entity4386 microsatellite region were detected. Allele 106 was significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity2743 (P = 0.006) and in those with @entity12012 (P = 0.02) when compared to controls. There was no significant difference between the groups in the distribution of the other alleles and no association between allele 106 and sex, HLA-DR or -DQ specificities or the presence of @entity6875 in the Graves' @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that the @entity4386 gene, or one closely associated with it, confers susceptibility to Grave's disease but is not specific as the @entity4386 106 allele is also associated with @entity12012 . This association seems to be with @entity1669 in general.

title: A @entity4386 gene polymorphism is associated with both XXXX and @entity12012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'Graves disease']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'autoimmune thyroid diseases']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity12012 :: ('MESH:C562768', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous decision analyses of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) have used decision trees and Markov chains. Occasionally @entity29 @entity1 present with medical problems that are difficult or even impossible to phrase in terms of such established decision tools. This article aims to introduce modeling by a time-dependent compartment mode and demonstrate its feasibility for decision analysis in @entity29 METHODS: A @entity30 @entity1 presented with a pelvic abscess and an enterovesical @entity292 . Being hesitant to operate in an acutely inflamed area, the surgeon recommended that the patient continue antibiotic therapy until the abscess had re solved. The gastroenterologist argued that the @entity1 had already been treated with antibiotics for a prolonged time period and expressed concern that the @entity1 's overall diminished health status would deteriorate by further delay of surgery. The occurrence of @entity292 , abscess, @entity293 , antibiotic therapy, surgical operation, and health-related quality of life were modeled as separate compartments, with time-dependent relationships among them. The simulation was carried out on an Excel spreadsheet. RESULTS: In the model, the surgeon's predictions were associated with rapid resolution of the pelvic abscess under antibiotic therapy and improvement of the @entity1 's health status. The gastroenterologist's predictions resulted in a smaller decline in abscess size and further deterioration of the @entity1 's health while waiting for a definitive treatment. The disagreement between surgery and gastroenterology arose from predicting different time courses for the individual disease events, in essence, from assigning different time constants to the time-dependent influences of the disease model. CONCLUSIONS: The compartment model provides a simple and generally applicable method to assess time dependent-changes of a complex disease. The present analysis also serves to illustrate the usefulness of such models in simulating disease behavior.

title: Timing of surgery for enterovesical @entity292 in XXXX : decision analysis using a time-dependent compartment model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflam matory bowel diseases', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In clinical settings with fixed resources allocated to predictive genetic testing for high-risk @entity5 predisposition genes, optimal strategies for mutation screening programmes are critically important. These depend on the mutation spectrum found in the population under consideration and the frequency of mutations detected as a function of the personal and family history of @entity5 , which are both affected by the presence of founder mutations and demographic characteristics of the underlying population. The results of multistep genetic testing for mutations in @entity5345 or @entity2674 in a large series of families with @entity0 in the French-Canadian population of Quebec, Canada are reported. METHODS: A total of 256 high-risk families were ascertained from regional @entity5 clinics throughout the province of Quebec. Initially, families were tested for a panel of specific mutations known to occur in this population. Families in which no mutation was identified were then comprehensively tested. Three algorithms to predict the presence of mutations were evaluated, including the prevalence tables provided by Myriad Genetics Laboratories, the Manchester Scoring System and a logistic regression approach based on the data from this study. RESULTS: 8 of the 15 distinct mutations found in 62 @entity5345 / @entity2674 -positive families had never been previously reported in this population, whereas 82% carried 1 of the 4 mutations currently observed in > or =2 families. In the subset of 191 families in which at least 1 affected individual was tested, 29% carried a mutation. Of these 27 @entity5345 -positive and 29 @entity2674 -positive families, 48 (86%) were found to harbour a mutation detected by the initial test. Among the remaining 143 inconclusive families, all 8 families found to have a mutation after complete sequencing had Manchester Scores > or =18. The logistic regression and Manchester Scores provided equal predictive power, and both were significantly better than the Myriad Genetics Laboratories prevalence tables (p<0.001). A threshold of Manchester Score > or =18 provided an overall sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 82%, with a positive predictive value of 66% in this population. CONCLUSION: In this population, a testing strategy with an initial test using a panel of reported recurrent mutations, followed by full sequencing in families with Manchester Scores > or =18, represents an efficient test in terms of overall cost and sensitivity.

title: Evaluation of @entity5345 and XXXX mutation prevalence, risk prediction models and a multistep testing approach in French-Canadian families with high risk of breast and ovarian cancer.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'familial cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: Using a variety of approaches, we have examined the expression of the heparin/heparan @entity597 (Hp/ @entity8682 ) interacting protein/ @entity56159 (HIP/ @entity56160 ) in @entity19 uteri during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. HIP/ @entity56160 selectively binds heparin and @entity8682 and may promote @entity8682 -dependent embryo adhesion. HIP/ @entity56160 was prominently expressed in both luminal and glandular epithelia under almost all conditions, including the phase of embryo attachment. In contrast, differences were noted in HIP/ @entity56160 expression in the stromal compartment both during the estrous cycle and during early pregnancy. Most notably, HIP/ @entity56160 accumulated in decidua, where it displayed a pattern complementary to that of pericellular deposition of the @entity8682 proteoglycan, perlecan. HIP/ @entity56160 protein was detected in implanted embryos at both initial and later stages of implantation; however, embryonic HIP/ @entity56160 mRNA accumulation was more pronounced at later stages (Day 7.5 postcoitum). In situ hybridization revealed similar spatial changes for HIP/ @entity56160 mRNA during these different physiological states. Whereas differences in the spatial pattern of HIP/ @entity56160 protein and mRNA expression were demonstrable, little change was detected in the level of HIP/ @entity56160 mRNA or protein in total endometrial extracts. @entity19 blastocysts attached, but did not outgrow, on surfaces coated with recombinant @entity19 HIP/ @entity56160 . Surprisingly, soluble glycosaminoglycans including heparin, low molecular weight heparin, or chondroitin @entity597 were not able to inhibit embryo attachment to HIP/ @entity56160 -coated surfaces. These latter observations indicate that embryonic cell surface components other than @entity8682 proteoglycans can promote binding to HIP/ @entity56160 expressed by uterine cells.

title: Expression of heparin/heparan XXXX interacting protein/ @entity56159 during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in the @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['Mouse', 'mouse', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: Extracorporeal shock-wave cholelithotripsy was carried out in 135 symptomatic @entity1 with radiolucent @entity5990 , followed by oral @entity6741 dissolution to assess the resultant stone disappearance rates. Fragmentation was satisfactory (all fragments less than 5 mm in diameter) in 34 @entity1 (25%) after a single session of lithotripsy, and in 65 (48%) after multiple sessions. The overall satisfactory @entity1949 rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with single stones less than or equal to 20 mm in diameter when compared with those with larger solitary stones (71% vs. 38%, p less than 0.05), as it also was in all subjects with solitary stones when compared with those with multiple stones (60% vs. 34%, p less than 0.05). After 6, 9, and 12 mo of oral @entity6741 treatment, the stone-free rates were significantly higher in @entity1 with satisfactory than in those with partial @entity1949 (55% vs. 0%, 80% vs. 29%, and 90% vs. 33%, respectively; p less than 0.05). Only 1 of the 7 @entity1 who had previously undergone endoscopic sphincterotomy for concomitant @entity2877 was free of stones after 1 yr of dissolution. During dissolution therapy, of the 102 @entity1 in whom @entity1949 had occurred, 1 (1%) developed mild @entity656 , 23 (23%) suffered attacks of biliary colic, and 6 (6%) required cholecystectomy. We conclude that the result of @entity1949 appears to be a major determinant of the success and rapidity of subsequent oral @entity6741 dissolution, and that when satisfactory, it allows for complete stone disappearance in most @entity1 within the following year. A comparison of the present results with those of previous original studies suggests that to achieve such satisfactory @entity1949 , @entity1 should be selected on the basis of their stone characteristics, which optimally should present as solitary gallbladder calculi less than 20 mm in diameter. Furthermore, real-time ultrasonographic monitoring should be used during lithotripsy with a transducer centered along the shock-wave axis. Despite the innocuousness of the shock waves, the incidence of fragment migration and its possible complications, in our experience, emphasizes the need to restrict at present this nonoperative approach to the treatment of symptomatic @entity5990 .

title: @entity5990 after extracorporeal lithotripsy and oral XXXX dissolution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones', 'gallstone disease']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile acid']


abstract: The objective was to evaluate the nutritive value of short-cutting cycle, high temperature-dried (SCCHTD) alfalfa compared to timothy hay. This was achieved by carrying out 4 x 4 Latin Square digestibility trial using 4 Thoroughbred (one three-quarter Thoroughbred) @entity1641 (mean liveweight, 531 kg). The four dietary treatments were 0AA (timothy hay only), 33AA (0.33 alfalfa: 0.67 timothy hay), 67AA (0.67 alfalfa: 0.33 timothy hay) and 100AA (alfalfa only). Digestibility data were obtained by using acid-insoluble ash to estimate apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients. Rate of passage of the feedstuff was determined using @entity3407 -mordanted hay. Plasma @entity412 and @entity165 concentrations were estimated. The digestibilities of organic matter (0.63), energy (0.57) and crude protein (0.74) of the alfalfa were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than those for the hay (0.45, 0.43 and 0.36 respectively). The fibre components of alfalfa and hay were digested to the same extent but the ether extract of alfalfa was less well digested. Alfalfa @entity3857 had no consistently significant effects on plasma @entity165 and @entity412 values but may contribute to the negative digestibility of alfalfa ether extract. We conclude that SCCHTD alfalfa is of much higher nutritive value than timothy hay when fed to Thoroughbred @entity1641 .

title: A comparison between the nutritive value of short-cutting cycle, high temperature-dried alfalfa and timothy hay for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponins']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: Ten cases of histologically proven @entity81 ( @entity81 ) of the foot and ankle with a mean follow-up of 6.1 years were retrospectively reviewed using the Scottish Bone Tumour Registry. The @entity1 ' mean age was 19 years; there were six males and four females. The anatomical locations were five phalangeal, three metatarsal, one tarsal affecting body of os calcis and one distal tibial. The median delay in presentation was 4.5 months. The modes of presentation were @entity158 only (n=4), @entity158 lump (n=4) and painless lump (n=2). The typical radiological finding was an expansile, lobulated, @entity5409 . @entity2681 was documented in 80% @entity1 . In four cases, curettage alone was carried out, while five @entity1 underwent curettage along with autogenous bone grafting. One @entity1 with distal phalangeal @entity81 had a primary toe amputation. Two @entity1 had recurrences 9 and 16 months after their initial curettage. Both of them were males with proximal phalangeal @entity81 , associated with @entity2681 . Foot and phalangeal @entity81 initially treated with curettage only should be closely followed up, as we observed a 20% recurrence rate within a 2-year period. Cases featuring @entity2681 require thorough curettage and may require autogenous bone grafting to prevent @entity174 .

title: XXXX of the foot and ankle: 40 years' Scottish bone tumour registry experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['cortical erosion', 'Cortical erosion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['chondromyxoid fibroma', 'CMF']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['Chondromyxoid fibroma']