abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity2516 and white Americans and to identify risk factors associated with these @entity2516 . METHODS: @entity2516 was measured in a population-based sample of black and white adults age 40 or older residing in east Baltimore from 1985 through 1988. Aphakic eyes were excluded from analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1714 varied from 10.5% among black @entity1 80 years and older to 42.1% among white @entity1 40 to 49 years of age. @entity3467 ranged from 11.8% among black @entity1 40 to 49 years to 68.1% among white @entity1 80 years of age and older. @entity940 ranged from 15.8% to 45.2%, and @entity9340 ranged from 2.8% to 8.1%, depending on age, race, and gender. Black @entity1 had less @entity1714 , @entity3467 , @entity940 , and @entity9340 than did white @entity1 . @entity1714 (< -0.5 diopter [D] spherical equivalent) declined with age, whereas @entity3467 (> +0.5 D), @entity940 (> 0.5 D of cylinder), and @entity9340 (> 1.0 D between eyes) increased with age. @entity1714 increased with increasing years of education, although this association was stronger for white @entity1 than for black @entity1 and among younger subjects. @entity3467 declined with increasing years of education, and this association was stronger among younger than older subjects. Education was not associated with @entity940 or @entity9340 . CONCLUSIONS: Black @entity1 had lower rates of @entity2516 than did white @entity1 , except for @entity3467 prevalence, which was comparable in black and white @entity1 . @entity2516 are common among adult inner city Americans, but rates vary substantially by age, race, gender, and education levels.

title: Prevalence and risk factors for XXXX in an adult inner city population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism', 'Astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error', 'Refractive error', 'refractive errors among adult black', 'Refractive errors', 'refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia', 'Hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['Myopia', 'myopia']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['refractive errors']


abstract: A radioimmunoassay procedure to measure @entity1954 (T3) in unextracted urine is described, and the results are compared with those obtained with different assays by others. It is assumed that the radioimmunoassayable T3 in urine represents free T3. Euthyroid subjects excreted 1.0 +/- 0.3 mug (mean +/- S.D.) in 24 hours. Similar values were obtained in pregnant @entity1 , sick @entity1 without @entity1374 , and euthyroid patients receiving antithyroid agents. Values were about 3 times normal in @entity1 with @entity1378 and about one-third of normal in @entity1 with @entity1375 . @entity172 , @entity2697 , or @entity3174 therapy did not significantly alter the values. Radioimmunoassayable T3 increased after acid hydrolysis, suggesting that a fraction of the T3 in urine is present as an acid-hydrolyzable conjugate. However, it cannot be excluded that at least part of the T3 found after hydrolysis derives from monodeiodination of T4. This hydrolyzable fraction was about 25 per cents of the total T3 in urine. Measurements of T3 in urine are reliable and easy to perform. These measurements have little significance as a clinical test of thyroid function, but the assay may allow a new approach to understanding thyroid hormone metabolism and action, provided that deiodination of T4 during the procedure can be rigorously controlled and that the urinary T3 conjugates can be determined quantitatively.

title: Measurement of XXXX in unextracted urine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenylhydantoin']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['triiodothyronine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To correlate ultrasound biomicroscopic features of the anterior aspect of peripheral @entity320 with respect to histopathology. METHODS: We examined 17 eyes of 17 @entity1 who had clinically diagnosed peripheral @entity320 that approached the ora serrata or extended into the ciliary body and who had been assessed with ultrasound biomicroscopy before enucleation. Comparisons were made between anterior @entity5 margins imaged by ultrasound biomicroscopy and histopathologic specimens. Anatomic features noted on ultrasound biomicroscopy before enucleation were correlated with enucleation specimens, including supraciliary effusion, rotation of the ciliary body, angle involvement, and internal reflectivity patterns. Anterior @entity5 margin position was determined with reference to the scleral spur. RESULTS: Mean distances from the anterior @entity5 margin to the scleral spur were 1.47 mm on ultrasound biomicroscopy and 1.65 mm on pathologic examination. This difference was not statistically significant (P = .325). @entity5 features evident on ultrasound biomicroscopy were also seen on pathologic examination: supraciliary choroidal effusions in seven of seven, ciliary body rotation in seven of eight, and angle involvement in seven of eight. All @entity5 were @entity320 , and 12 of 17 (70%) demonstrated homogeneous ultrasound biomicroscopic internal reflectivity. Irregular internal reflectivity was seen in five of 17 @entity5 (29%) and was related to prominent internal vascularity on pathology in three of five. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is an accurate imaging technique for the in vivo assessment of anterior @entity5 margins of peripheral @entity320 and can provide detailed imaging of the @entity5 's interface with the ciliary body.

title: Ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging of the anterior aspect of peripheral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma', 'mixed-cell melanomas', 'choroidal melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroidal melanomas']


abstract: Potassium channels are tetrameric, membrane-spanning proteins that selectively conduct K+ at near diffusion-limited rates. Their remarkable ionic selectivity results from a highly-conserved K+ recognition sequence in the pore. The classical function of K+ channels is regulation of membrane potential (EM) and thence vascular tone. In pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), tonic K+ egress, driven by a 145/5 mM intracellular/extracellular concentration gradient, contributes to a EM of about -60 mV. It has been recently discovered that K+ channels also participate in vascular remodeling by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. PASMC express voltage-gated (Kv), inward rectifier (Kir), @entity460 -sensitive (KCa), and two-pore (K2P) channels. Certain K+ channels are subject to rapid redox regulation by reactive @entity26 species (ROS) derived from the PASMC's @entity26 -sensor (mitochondria and/or @entity1110 oxidase). Acute @entity519 inhibition of ROS production inhibits @entity14489 , which depolarizes EM, opens voltage-sensitive, L-type @entity460 channels, elevates cytosolic @entity460 , and initiates @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). @entity519 -inhibited K+ currents are not seen in systemic arterial SMCs. Kv expression is also transcriptionally regulated by @entity7738 and NFAT. Loss of PASMC @entity14489 and @entity9402 contributes to the pathogenesis of @entity120 ( @entity120 ) by causing a sustained depolarization, which increases intracellular @entity460 and K+, thereby stimulating cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, respectively. Restoring Kv expression (via @entity14489 gene therapy, @entity19800 , or anti-survivin therapy) reduces experimental @entity120 . Electrophysiological diversity exists within the pulmonary circulation. Resistance PASMC have a homogeneous Kv current (including an @entity26 -sensitive component), whereas conduit PASMC current is a Kv/KCa mosaic. This reflects regional differences in expression of channel isoforms, heterotetramers, splice variants, and regulatory subunits as well as mitochondrial diversity. In conclusion, K+ channels regulate pulmonary vascular tone and remodeling and constitute potential therapeutic targets in the regression of @entity120 .

title: The role of k+ channels in determining pulmonary vascular tone, XXXX sensing, cell proliferation, and apoptosis: implications in @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction and @entity120 .

entities_list: @entity19800 :: ('CHEBI:36386', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloroacetate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Five rodent diets have been evaluated for their possible effect on the sexual development of the @entity35 . Groups of 12 pregnant Alpk @entity35 were fed one of the following combinations of diets during pregnancy and postnatally: RM3/ @entity42387 , AIN-76A/AIN-76A, RM3/AIN-76A, Teklad Global 2016 (Global)/Global and Purina 5001/Purina 5001. AIN-76A is phytoestrogen-free while the other diets contained varying amounts of phytoestrogens. The phytoestrogens @entity670 and @entity8139 were determined in the diets studied, and the concentrations found agreed with earlier estimates. RM3/ @entity42387 was selected as the control group, as this has been used routinely in this laboratory for the past decade. Determinations were made in offspring of the times of vaginal opening and first estrus among the females, and of prepuce separation and testes descent among the males. At postnatal day (PND) 26 the females from 6 of the 12 litters were terminated and tissue weights measured. Males from 6 of the 12 litters were similarly studied at PND 68. Animals from the remaining litters were transferred to @entity42387 diet at PND 70. Termination of the study was at PND 128 (males) and PND 140 (females) when body weights and tissue weights were determined. Marked differences in body weight, sexual development, and reproductive tissue weights were observed for @entity35 maintained on AIN-76A or Purina 5001, with only minimal effects among @entity35 maintained on the Global diet. These comparisons were against RM3/ @entity42387 as the reference diet. However, using Purina 5001 as the reference diet reversed the direction of the differences seen when using RM3/ @entity42387 as the reference diet. The differences observed when using RM3/ @entity42387 as reference diet occurred mainly postnatally. In addition, the fact that similar differences were seen for the phytoestrogen-free diet, AIN-76A, and the phytoestrogen-rich diet, Purina 5001, indicate that these effects are more likely to be caused by nutritional differences between the diets that then have centrally mediated effects on rodent sexual development, rather than individual dietary components affecting peripheral @entity172 receptors (ER). This proposal is supported by abolition of the uterotrophic activity of AIN-76A and Purina 5001 (relative to RM3/ @entity42387 ) in the immature @entity35 by coadministration of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist ANTARELIX: The present data indicate that choice of diet may influence the timing of sexual development in the @entity35 , and consequently, that when evaluating the potential endocrine @entity137 of chemicals, the components of rodent diets used should be known, and as far as is possible, controlled.

title: Effect of rodent diets on the sexual development of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: This is a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of short-course @entity3003 in @entity5 ( @entity189 ). Thirty-three previously untreated stage III-IV @entity189 @entity1 were studied. @entity3003 was given as a rapid intravenous injection every 3 weeks. The dose of @entity3003 was calculated according to the individual @entity1 's @entity1011 clearance and desired platelet nadir of 75,000/microliter according to the Egorin formula. Response and @entity137 were evaluated. Thirty-two @entity1 were evaluated for response. The median age was 54 years, range 30-70 years. Twenty-four @entity1 had local regional disease and 8 @entity1 had @entity3 . The median dose of @entity3003 given was 415 mg/m2 (range 91-791 mg/m2). Fourteen (44%) @entity1 had a partial response with a 95% confidence interval of 26-62%. Fifteen (47%) @entity1 had stable disease and 3 (9%) progressive disease. The overall median survival rate was not reached at 43 months. Overall @entity137 was tolerable. Grade III-IV myelosuppression occurred in 4 (12%) @entity1 . There were no other major @entity137 - or treatment-related @entity204 . We conclude that @entity3003 has a significant anticancer effect in advanced @entity189 . Thus @entity3003 combination chemotherapy for the treatment of @entity189 is worthy of future clinical investigations.

title: A phase II study of @entity3003 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ), an induced model of @entity15 presents @entity3026 , axonal pathology and @entity528 . Previous work has shown that @entity1420 attenuated the clinical severity, @entity17 and @entity528 of @entity6503 @entity19 (Garay et al., J. @entity479 Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2008). Here we studied if @entity1420 also prevented @entity21 , a main cause of @entity16 . To this end, some axonal parameters were compared in @entity6503 @entity19 pretreated with @entity1420 a week before immunization with MOG(40-54) and in a group of @entity479 -free @entity6503 @entity19 . On day 16th after @entity6503 induction, we determined in both groups and in control @entity19 : a) axonal density in semithin sections of the spinal cord ventral funiculus; b) appearance of @entity15370 ( @entity15370 ) immunopositive spheroids as an index of damaged axons; c) levels of the growth associated protein @entity22262 mRNA and immunopositive cell bodies, as an index of aberrant axonal sprouting. @entity479 -naive @entity6503 @entity19 showed decreased axonal density, shrunken axons, abundance of irregular vesicular structures, degenerating @entity15370 + axons, increased expression of @entity22262 mRNA and immunoreactive protein in motoneurons. Instead, @entity6503 @entity19 receiving @entity1420 treatment showed increased axonal counts, high proportion of small diameter axons, reduced @entity15370 + profiles, and decreased @entity22262 expression. In conclusion, @entity1420 enhanced axonal density, @entity21 and prevented @entity22262 hyperexpression in the spinal cord of @entity6503 @entity19 . Thus, @entity1420 also exerts protective effects on the axonal pathology developing in @entity6503 @entity19 .

title: Protective effects of @entity1420 administration on axonal pathology in XXXX with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

entities_list: @entity15370 :: ('11820(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['APP', 'amyloid precursor protein']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity3026 :: ('MESH:D020278', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord demyelination']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disability']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['decreased axonal damage', 'axonal damage']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity479 :: ('D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid', 'Steroid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and survival rates of soft @entity242 (STSs) in @entity1 0-14 years of age in Moscow Region, Russian Federation. The database of childhood population-based @entity5 registry of Moscow Region was used as a data source. @entity5 were stratified according to International Classification of @entity5 , 3d ed. Sixty-eight cases of @entity2031 were registered from 2000 to 2009. Crude incidence rate was 0,78, and age-standardized incidence rate using World Standard Population was 0,81 per 100.000 @entity1 /year. The highest age-specific incidence was observed in @entity1 : 1,76 per 100.000 @entity1 /year. @entity980 ( @entity980 ) was the most common histological type comprising 54,4% of all @entity2031 . 5-year observed survival (OS) of all @entity1 with @entity2031 was 64,1 (95%   CI 55,0-73,2). There was no statistically significant difference in OS between @entity980 -59,2 (95%   CI   47,0-71,4) and nonrhabdomyosarcoma @entity2031 -69,3 (95%   CI   55,8-82,8) (P = 0.63). Incidence and survival rates of @entity2031 observed in the study were comparable to the other Eastern European countries.

title: Incidence and survival of pediatric soft XXXX in moscow region, Russian Federation, 2000-2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'Childhood Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'RMS']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['tissue sarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to describe the incidence and clinical features of @entity9757 ( @entity9757 ) in Iceland and review recent literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study where information was obtained from clinical charts from 1990-2004. Records, imaging studies and histopathology were evaluated. RESULTS: During the study period 10 individuals were diagnosed with @entity9757 , 7 males and 3 females. Mean age was 58 years. None of the @entity1 was a current smoker. The incidence of @entity9757 during the study period was 0.23 per 100,000/year but increased to 0.54 per 100,000/year during the last 5 years of the study period. Clinical symptoms were malaise, cough, @entity1353 , sweating and @entity353 . Sedimentation rate was 72 mm/h and C-reactive protein (CRP) 125 mg/L. Eight of the ten @entity1 had @entity101 . On chest auscultation crackles were heard in seven @entity1 and wheezing in three. Forced vital capacity (FVC) was 75% of predicted value and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 73% of predicted. Mean @entity4095 was 68 mmHg. All the @entity1 had classic diffuse bilateral opacities on chest radiograph that most commonly were peripheral. All @entity1 were treated with @entity288 and responded well. The average initial dose of @entity617 was 42.5 mg per day. Seven of the @entity1 relapsed but they all responded well to repeated treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9757 is a @entity395 but it has specific radiologic and histologic features. It is important to think of the disease in @entity1 with diffuse infiltrates that are resistant to antibiotics. @entity9757 responds well to corticosteroids but there is a high relapse rate, which also responds to treatment.

title: [ XXXX in Iceland: clinical features, epidemiology and review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in blood eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity9757 :: ('MESH:C535590', 'Disease') :: ['chronic eosinophilic pneumonia', 'Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia', 'CEP']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity9757 :: (MESH:C535590,Disease) :: ['Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of state-of-the-art ultrasonography with that of helical computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography in detecting unresectable @entity5 . In most @entity1 @entity5 is unresectable because of either distant @entity3 or local vascular involvement. The advent of gray scale and color Doppler ultrasonography has improved the ability of ultrasonography to detect vascular involvement. METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 were enrolled for prospective staging of their disease by comparing helical computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography with gray scale and color Doppler ultrasonography of the abdomen. Portal vein, superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, and superior mesenteric artery involvement was graded 0 to 4, grade 0 being no vascular involvement and grade 4 being total @entity432 of the vessel. Agreement between ultrasonography and computed tomographic angiography for determining vascular involvement was measured by chi2 analysis. RESULTS: Two @entity1 (9%) were excluded because excessive overlying bowel gas hampered the ability of ultrasonography to visualize the pancreas. For the remaining 21 @entity1 , there was significant agreement between ultrasonography and computed tomographic angiography for detecting vascular involvement in all vessels (P < .001; portal vein, kappa = 0.67; superior mesenteric vein, kappa = 0.67; splenic vein, kappa = 0.85; and superior mesenteric artery, kappa = 0.59). Ultrasonography was in agreement with computed tomographic angiography in all cases of unresectability. Both modalities were equally poor in preoperatively showing lymphadenopathy and @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Provided that there is adequate visualization on ultrasonography of the head of the pancreas in the periampullary region, then state-of-the-art gray scale and color Doppler ultrasonography are as accurate as helical computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography for detecting the unresectability of @entity5 . If performed as the initial investigation and the region of the pancreatic head is clearly shown, and if vascular encasement or @entity432 or distant @entity3 is identified, further investigations are unnecessary.

title: State-of-the-art ultrasonography is as accurate as helical computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography for detecting unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['periampullary cancer']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['periampullary cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We previously identified a locus linked to total @entity165 (TC) concentration in Pima Indians on chromosome 19p. To characterize this locus, we genotyped >2000 SNPs in 1838 Pimas and assessed association with log(TC). We observed evidence for association with log(TC) with @entity40587 (3.5% decrease/copy of the T allele; P=5.045*10(-6)) in the @entity40588 ( @entity40588 ) gene. We replicated this association in 2413 @entity1 of the San Antonio Mexican American Family Study (SAMAFS: 2.0% decrease per copy of the T allele; P=0.005842). In a meta-analysis of the combined data, we found the strongest estimated effect with @entity40587 (P=2.563*10(-7)). The variant T allele at @entity40587 predicts an @entity40589 substitution and has previously been associated with LDL-C and HDL-C. In Pimas and SAMAFS @entity1 , the T allele of @entity40587 was associated with reduced HDL-C levels (P=0.000741 and 0.00002, respectively), and the combined estimated effect for the two cohorts was -3.8% (P=8.526*10(-8)). @entity40588 transcript and protein levels increased in response to both @entity413 and insulin. The variant allele was associated with increased levels of cleaved @entity36549 . We conclude that individuals with the variant allele may have lower TC and HDL-C levels due to increased activation of @entity36549 by @entity40588 .

title: The @entity40589 variant in @entity40588 (betatrophin) is associated with total and HDL- XXXX in American Indians and Mexican Americans and differentially affects cleavage of @entity36549 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity40589 :: ('p|SUB|R|59|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg59Trp']

entities_list: @entity40588 :: ('55908', 'Gene') :: ['angiopoietin-like 8', 'ANGPTL8']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: @entity884 is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. @entity340 and @entity712 are more common in @entity1 with echocardiographically detectable @entity47 . In addition, spontaneous @entity1423 is increased when @entity47 are present on cardiac valves. The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic value of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) imaging, as SEC is supposed to reflect red blood cell aggregates stimulated by platelet activity. We studied 293 @entity1 with clinical signs of @entity884 . @entity47 , attached to the aortic or mitral valve, were found in 130 @entity1 (44.4%) who were followed for a mean period of 12 months. In 34 of these 130 @entity1 (26.2%) SEC was imaged during the initial transesophageal echocardiographic examination. In these @entity1 SEC indicated a prolonged healing of @entity884 with a specificity of 91.2%, a sensitivity of 77.3%, a positive accuracy of 77.3%, a negative accuracy of 74.3%. Multivariate analysis revealed that SEC is a risk factor for valve replacement (p less than 0.001) and for @entity887 (p less than 0.001), less for mortality (p less than 0.01), and lowest for @entity733 formation (p less than 0.05). The dose of @entity857 to induce half-maximal @entity1423 was significantly lower in @entity1 with SEC (0.71 +/- 0.15 microliters) than without SEC (1.05 +/- 0.12 microliters; p less than 0.05), implying an @entity1423 in the presence of SEC. Our data provide evidence that systemically activated coagulation plays an important role in @entity884 . SEC, the echocardiographic implication of an increased @entity1423 , predicts complications such as @entity1031 events and the need for surgery and is closely related to the prolonged healing period of @entity884 . In addition to demonstrating @entity47 , transesophageal echocardiography provides information helpful in assigning @entity1 to a high-risk subgroup. Transesophageal echocardiography may play an important role in assessing the clinical outcome of these @entity1 .

title: Spontaneous echo contrast imaging in XXXX : a predictor of complications?

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['increased spontaneous platelet aggregation', 'platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetations', 'Vegetations']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['Valvular destruction']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Infective endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: To evaluate @entity2280 + selection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) as a graft for autologous transplantation. Eight relapsing @entity706 ( @entity706 ) @entity1 were submitted to @entity2280 + autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). All @entity1 received at least two front line conventional therapies; mean time to treatment failure (TTF) was 4.5 months. @entity1 had disseminated @entity5 after a median number of 2.1 relapses. Chemotherapy and @entity1261 were used as mobilization for leukapheresis. CEPRATE SC concentrator (CellPro, Inc, Bothell, WA) was used to select @entity2280 + cells from leukapheresis products. With a mean of 1.8 leukaphereses per @entity1 , 8.1 x 10(8) mononuclear cells (MNCs)/kg were collected. After the selection process, the median number of MNCs was 9.4 x 10(6)/ @entity1 .3 x 10(6)/kg @entity2280 + cells and 17 x 10(4)/kg CFU-GM, with a purity of 83.7% and a viability of 89.2%. Mbr @entity588 / @entity7513 PCR analysis of 5 grafts showed that initial buffy-coat, and @entity2280 - fractions were negative in 3 cases and positive in 2 cases (from whom selected @entity2280 + fraction remained positive in 1 case). After a conditioning regimen including total body irradiation, @entity786 and @entity2879 , @entity2280 + selected cells were reinfused. All @entity1 but one had successful engraftment, median time to WBC > 1 x 10(9)/l was 12 days and platelets > 50 x 10(9)/l 17 days. No severe @entity166 complications were seen. After transplant, with a minimum follow up of 2 years, 5 @entity1 are still in complete remission (CR). Three @entity1 have relapsed after 1 year of transplant with a mean TTF of 15.6 months. We conclude that PBSC @entity2280 + selection for ASCT was a safe technique, capable of reconstituting hemopoiesis without severe complications for high risk @entity706 @entity1 included in this study. The effects of @entity5 cell purging need to be evaluated in a larger series.

title: Peripheral blood stem cell XXXX + autologous transplant in relapsed @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'kg; 4']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['FL', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III-IV disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: The nature and severity of @entity146 , and their relationship to cognitive and functional abilities, was investigated in 56 community-residing @entity1 with @entity195 . Measures evaluated three domains of function: behavior, cognition and activities of daily living. Problems of cognitive functioning, such as @entity2414 , @entity911 , and disorientation were most prevalent, reported to occur in 84%, 82%, and 64% of the sample, respectively. Problems with activity and emotional distress were next, affecting 20 to 43% of the sample. The mean number of problems reported was 10 per @entity1 . Twenty-two percent of caregivers reported a minimum of 15 problems occurring at least twice a week and no caregiver reported an absence of problems. Male @entity1 were reported to have more behavioral difficulties. Level of behavioral disturbance was largely unrelated to cognitive or functional ability. Age was unrelated to cognitive or behavioral disturbance but significantly related to activities of daily living. Results indicated that @entity146 are prevalent and pervasive in even moderately impaired community-residing @entity195 @entity1 , and that age may be more important than level of @entity73 in predicting difficulties with activities of daily living.

title: @entity146 , XXXX , and functional skill. Prevalence and relationship in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Feasibility of mitral repair is a key factor in the decision to operate for @entity339 . Repair feasibility is highly dependent on surgical experience and repair complexity. We sought an objective means of predicting complexity of repair using three-dimensional (3D) transoesophageal echocardiography. METHODS: In a cohort of 786 @entity1 who underwent mitral valve surgery between 2007 and 2010, 3D transoesophageal echocardiography was performed in 66 @entity1 with @entity339 prior to the institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. The surgeon reviewed the 2D echocardiographic images for all @entity1 pre-operatively, but did not view the 3D echocardiographic quantitative data or volumetric analysis until after surgery. Repairs involving no or a single-segment leaflet resection, sliding-plasty, cleft closure, chordal or commissural repair techniques were classed as standard repairs. Complex repairs were defined as those involving bileaflet repair techniques, requiring multiple resections or patch augmentation. Disease aetiology included @entity195 (n = 18), @entity942 (n = 22), ischaemic (n = 5), @entity884 (n = 5), rheumatic (n = 2) and @entity384 (n = 2). RESULTS: No @entity1 required mitral replacement or had more than mild @entity339 on pre-discharge echocardiography. Anterior and posterior leaflet areas, annular circumference, anterior and posterior leaflet angles, prolapse and tenting heights and volumes were most strongly predictive of repair complexity. As 21 of the 22 @entity1 with bileaflet pathology and multisegment prolapse were complex repairs, we sought to develop a model predicting repair complexity in the remaining @entity1 . The most predictive model with a c-statistic of 0.91 included three predictors: multisegment pathology, prolapsing height and posterior leaflet angle. After bootstrap validation, the revised c-statistic was 0.88. CONCLUSIONS: 3D transoesophageal echocardiography provides an objective means of predicting mitral repair complexity in @entity339 due to a range of aetiology.

title: Can three-dimensional echocardiography accurately predict XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Barlow's disease"]

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['fibroelastic deficiency']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['complexity of mitral valve repair']


abstract: Several @entity150 culture systems have been developed in recent years. However, reports about successful primary cultures of superficial @entity189 ( @entity189 ) are sparse. Based on the specific growth requirements of @entity189 described previously, we developed a new and reliable culture system for superficial low-grade @entity189 . Between November 2002 and April 2006, 64 primary cultures of @entity150 specimens were performed. After incubating the specimens overnight in 0.1% @entity1098 solution, @entity5 cells could easily be separated from the submucosal tissue. Subsequently, cells were seeded in a low- @entity460 culture medium supplemented with 1% serum, growth factors, non-essential @entity1522 and @entity2228 . The malignant origin of the cultured cells was demonstrated by spectral karyotyping. Overall culture success rate leading to a homogenous @entity5 cell population without fibroblast contamination was 63%. Culture success could be remarkably enhanced by the addition of @entity2228 to the culture medium. Interestingly, 86.4% of pTa @entity5 were cultured successfully compared to only 50% of the @entity2558 and 38% of advanced stage @entity5 , respectively. @entity5 grew significantly better than G3 @entity5 (86, 73 and 41%, respectively). Up to three passages of low-grade @entity189 primary cultures were possible. We describe a new and reliable culture system, which is highly successful for primary culture and passage of low-grade @entity189 of the bladder. Therefore, this culture system can widely be used for functional experiments on early stage @entity150 .

title: A new and reliable culture system for superficial low-grade urothelial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'G1 and G2 tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinomas', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: Angiogenic factors including @entity15486 ( @entity15486 ) play a key role in the progression of breast @entity3 to bone. We investigated the impact of @entity15486 on the development of bone @entity3 in an immunocompetent @entity19 skin-fold chamber model. @entity19 mammary carcinoma 4T1 was injected in a skin-fold chamber implanted on CB6 @entity19 along with bone explants. Furthermore, @entity19 were treated with or without a dual selective antagonist of both @entity15486 receptors. The progression of the vascularization within the chamber was monitored over time by intravital microscopy (IVM). The @entity5 growth and the development of bone @entity3 were assessed by @entity25634 gene expression and histological studies. Results indicate that this new model associated with IVM allows for the continuous monitoring of the change in vascularization associated with the development of bone @entity3 . Additionally, treatment with an antagonist of both @entity15486 receptors was associated with the presence of significantly less vessels near the @entity5 mass compared to control @entity19 . These changes were correlated with @entity5 masses and reduced bone invasion (P < 0.05). Thus, in an immunocompetent @entity19 model of @entity0 @entity3 to bone, our data support the hypothesis that vascularization plays a role in @entity5 development and progression and that @entity15486 specifically modulates the angiogenesis associated with breast @entity3 to the bone.

title: Bosentan XXXX vascularization and bone @entity3 in an immunocompetent skin-fold chamber model of @entity0 cell @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'murine', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['smaller tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['inhibits tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4977 are common worldwide and contribute to a significant proportion of the burden of @entity65 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of @entity4977 among @entity1 reporting at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Directorate of @entity2837 and Polyclinic outpatient clinics of KATH. @entity1 : A total of 424 @entity1 , 20 years and over reporting for the first time to KATH were recruited. 77 had neither @entity6 ( @entity6 ) nor systemic @entity101 ( @entity101 ) (controls), 94 had only @entity6 , 109 had only @entity101 and 144 had both. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered after informed consent. Anthropometric measurements were then taken and blood investigations including total @entity165 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL) and @entity1674 (TG) were done. Low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL) was calculated using the Friedwald formula. The atherogenic index or ratio was the ratio of TC to HDL. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity14822 was 60% for high TC, 32% for high TG, 17% for low HDL and 61% for high LDL. The mean (   standard deviation) TC was 5.33 (   1.31) mmol/L, mean TG was 1.52 (   0.81) mmol/L, mean HDL was 1.65 (   0.57) mmol/L and mean LDL was 3.42 (   1.22) mmol/L. The mean atherogenic index was 3.40 and 9% of the @entity1 had an atherogenic index more than or equal to 5. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity4977 was high in adult @entity1 in Kumasi and there is the need to increase awareness, screening, detection, treatment and control of these disorders.

title: XXXX in hospital attendants in Kumasi, Ghana.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HPT']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2837 :: ('CHEBI:23888', 'Chemical') :: ['Medicine']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['Lipid disorders', 'lipid disorders']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4977 :: (MESH:D052439,Disease) :: ['Lipid disorders']


abstract: We tested the efficacy, stability and predictors of outcome of unilateral pallidotomy used to treat @entity1 with @entity191 @entity1314 ( @entity7173 ). The surgical procedure was as simple as possible; we used CT rather than MRI, and we omitted microelectrode recording. We studied 24 @entity1 with @entity7173 ; 22 of these @entity1 had @entity910 . There was a significant and stable improvement in all the major @entity191 motor signs in the OFF (medication) state on the contralateral side. In the ON (medication) state peak-dose @entity910 were alleviated on the contralateral side. The only significant and stable change on the ipsilateral side was improvement in @entity910 less marked than on the contralateral side. The improvement in Unified @entity191 Rating Scale motor scores in the OFF state increased with age. The improvement in total @entity910 scores occurred irrespective of age, but increased with duration of disease, duration of @entity910 and baseline severity of @entity910 . Five @entity1 had transient @entity16 while facial paresis was permanent in one subject. Our results are similar to those obtained by others who used the time consuming microelectrode recording technique for localization. By simplifying the procedure in the way that we describe, the operation could become available to a greater number of @entity1 .

title: Efficacy, stability and predictors of outcome of pallidotomy for XXXX . Six-month follow-up with additional 1-year observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['drug-induced dyskinesias', 'dyskinesia', 'dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['inadequately controlled with pharmacotherapy']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The satisfactory management of @entity3541 after extirpative skull base surgery has been notoriously difficult. To optimize physical and psychological recovery, early perioperative use of polytef ( @entity736 [ @entity736 ]) facial suspension has been used in @entity1 with either profound electrophysiological or anatomical disruption of the facial nerve. OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy of this clinical algorithm. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review. SETTING: Tertiary care University Hospital Inc, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio. @entity1 AND METHODS: Medical records review of 32 @entity1 who underwent lateral skull base surgery with resultant @entity3541 who had facial rehabilitation using polytef suspension. RESULTS: All @entity1 who underwent polytef facial suspension reported improvement in both facial function as well as aesthetics. One @entity1 had a late extrusion of the polytef implant. CONCLUSION: The early peri-extirpative application of this technique provides psychological and physical support to @entity1 with @entity3541 who are recovering from lateral skull base surgery. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2000;2:243-248

title: Early perioperative use of polytef suspension for the management of XXXX after extirpative skull base surgery.

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial paralysis']


abstract: The @entity44688 protein, in the context of the conserved Rod-Zwilch- @entity44688 (RZZ) complex, is a kinetochore component required for proper activity of the spindle assembly checkpoint in both @entity238 and mammals. In @entity1 and @entity375 cells, the @entity44688 homologues, together with the conserved @entity44689 / @entity44690 and NAG/ @entity44691 proteins, form a second complex involved in vesicle transport between Golgi and ER. However, it is currently unknown whether @entity44688 and the NAG family member Rod are also involved in @entity238 membrane trafficking. Here we show that @entity44688 is enriched at both the Golgi stacks and the ER of @entity238 spermatocytes. Rod is concentrated at the Golgi but not at the ER, whereas Zwilch does not accumulate in any membrane compartment. Mutations in @entity44688 and RNAi against the @entity238 homologue of @entity44689 ( @entity44689 ) cause strong defects in Golgi morphology and reduce the number of Golgi stacks. Mutations in rod also affect Golgi morphology, whereas zwilch mutants do not exhibit gross Golgi defects. Loss of either @entity44688 or @entity44689 results in frequent failures of spermatocyte cytokinesis, whereas Rod or Zwilch are not required for this process. Spermatocytes lacking @entity44688 or @entity44689 function assemble regular central spindles and acto-myosin rings, but furrow ingression halts prematurely due to defective plasma membrane addition. Collectively, our results suggest that @entity44688 and @entity44689 cooperate in the ER-Golgi trafficking and in plasma membrane formation during spermatocyte cytokinesis. Our findings further suggest that Rod plays a Golgi-related function that is not required for spermatocyte cytokinesis.

title: The XXXX RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking and cytokinesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: In this study, we visualized the origin of @entity2 @entity3 after transducing @entity5 cells with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and transplanting them orthotopically in the middle lobe of the right lung of @entity19 . @entity3 was visualized in live tissue at single cell resolution by GFP-expression as early as 18 h post- @entity5 transplant. At this time, single-file streaming @entity2 cells already had invaded inferiorly via a tubular lymphatic structure crossing the lower lobes of the lung to the ipsilateral diaphragmatic surface. By post-implantation day 2, the ipsilateral lower lobes of the lung were involved with metastatic cells. By post-implantation day 3, the ipsilateral lower lobes of the lung and the ipsilateral diaphragmatic surface were highly involved with streaming metastatic cells trafficking in single file. By day 4 post-implantation, @entity5 cells invaded across the diaphragm to the contralateral diaphragmatic surface. Metastatic cells then invaded superiorly through a lymphatic vessel to involve the contralateral mediastinal lymph nodes. In this model of @entity2 , the origin of @entity3 was an inferior invasion from the implanted @entity5 via a lymphatic duct to the ipsilateral diaphragmatic surface. The @entity5 cells from this site invaded on the surface of the diaphragm to the contralateral diaphragmatic surface and proceeded superiorly through a lymphatic duct to contralateral lymph nodes. Other organs such as the kidneys and the adrenal glands later became involved with @entity3 with the contralateral mediastinal lymph nodes as the source. The use of GFP and the highly metastatic @entity2 model allowed the visualization of the origin of @entity3 at the single-cell level and demonstrated the critical role of lymphatic ducts and the diaphragmatic surface as the path to the contralateral side.

title: Specific route mapping visualized with GFP of single-file streaming contralateral and systemic XXXX of @entity2 cells beginning within hours of orthotopic implantation [correction of implantion].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lewis lung carcinoma', 'orthotopic lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum @entity904 decreases transiently during the acute phase response and can thus result in misclassification of @entity904 status. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the prevalence of acute phase response activation in a representative sample of the US population, identify the factors associated with this activation, and determine whether @entity1 with an active acute phase response have lower serum @entity904 concentrations. DESIGN: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were analyzed. A serum @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) concentration >/=10 mg/L indicated an active acute phase response. RESULTS: Mean serum @entity904 was lowest in subjects aged <10 y and increased with age. Concentrations were higher in males than in females aged 20-59 y. The prevalence of a @entity1851 concentration >/=10 mg/L was lowest in subjects aged <20 y (</=4%) and increased with age to a maximum of nearly 15%. An elevated @entity1851 concentration was 2.4-fold greater in females than in males aged 20-59 y. Serum @entity904 was lower in subjects with elevated @entity1851 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity904 increases with age and males have higher mean values than do females aged 20-59 y. The prevalence of a @entity1851 concentration >/=10 mg/L also increases with age, is 2-fold greater in females than in males aged 20-69 y, and is associated with common inflammatory conditions. Thus, @entity32 appeared to contribute to the misclassification of @entity904 status in the NHANES III population, and serum @entity1851 is useful in identifying subjects who may be misclassified.

title: Serum @entity904 , the acute phase response, and the apparent misclassification of XXXX status in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['vitamin A']


abstract: A high therapeutic index is as important for gene-based therapies as it is for chemotherapy or radiotherapy. One approach has been transcriptional targeting through the use of tissue-specific regulatory elements. A more versatile approach would be to use a regulatory element that is controlled via a parameter common to a @entity66 . @entity63 is characteristic of a number of pathologies that range from @entity432 through to @entity5 . The state of low @entity26 , @entity519 , triggers a transcriptional signaling pathway that is mediated by transcription factors binding to a specific enhancer, the @entity519 response element (HRE). These observations have therefore led to the use of HREs to drive gene expression in a number of target tissues from @entity5 to cardiac muscle. To translate these observations into a clinically useful vector system we have now assessed the potency of a number of naturally derived HREs in various configurations combined with minimal promoters. The optimal HRE has been introduced into a single transcription unit retroviral vector that can deliver regulated gene expression in response to @entity519 . An important feature of this new physiologically regulated vector is the combination of low basal expression and high-level activated expression that is on a par with that obtained with the cytomegalovirus immediate-early ( @entity2834 IE) promoter. The role of elements that stabilize mRNA in the presence of @entity519 has also been assessed. These @entity519 -regulated vectors may have utility for restricting the delivery of therapeutic proteins to @entity5 and @entity63 sites.

title: Characterization of physiologically regulated vectors for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['broad range of diseases']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional @entity42 (FOC) are one of the most common gynecological problems among @entity1 of reproductive age. Some studies have shown that diet may affect the function of the ovaries, so this study was performed to determine the association between the amount of dietary fat and functional @entity42 . METHODS: This case-control study was performed on 264 female @entity1 (132 with cyst in the case group and 132 in the control group) aged 13 to 49. The case group had @entity42 with a size of less than 8 cm and the control group didn't have any @entity42 . Data were collected by questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, and medical and midwifery characteristics questionnaire; the amount of fat in the diet was measured using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS software. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The mean of fat consumption in the case group was 119.84  103.09g and in the control group it was 109.90  54.66g. The result of data analysis showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the amount of fat in the diet and FOC in confidence level of 95% (P=0.056). CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this study, the amount of fat consumption was higher in @entity1 with @entity42 ; however, this difference was not statistically significant. In this regard, it is recommended that @entity1 of reproductive age should reduce their fat intake.

title: The Association of the Dietary Fat and Functional Ovarian Cysts in XXXX of Reproductive Age Referring to Three Hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, 2014.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst', 'ovarian cysts']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity is a major worldwide health problem. Excess @entity1017 is the most significant preventable cause of increased blood pressure (BP) in @entity1 with essential @entity101 and increases the risk for @entity65 . Our goal is to review the mechanisms that link @entity28 with @entity101 , with special emphasis on the role of @entity1243 and the brain melanocortin system in driving sympathetic activation in @entity28 . RECENT FINDINGS: Despite increased interest in @entity28 as a major risk for developing @entity101 , the precise mechanisms linking excess @entity1017 with increases in BP are still elusive. Current evidence suggests that increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity contributes to @entity8 and @entity1372 retention in @entity28 . Recent findings indicate that the adipocyte-derived hormone, @entity1243 , activates brain centers that regulate SNS activity through a melanocortin-system-dependent pathway. The interaction of @entity1243 and the brain melanocortin system represents an important area of research to further our understanding of the mechanisms leading to sympathetic activation in @entity28 . SUMMARY: Sympathetic overactivity is an important link between excess @entity1017 and increased BP. @entity9646 and cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue that interact with neural pathways (e.g. melanocortin system) appear to play a key role in contributing to sympathetic activation in @entity28 and represent potential new targets for therapies.

title: Role of @entity1243 and central nervous system melanocortins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal-pressure natriuresis']

entities_list: @entity9646 :: ('MESH:D006728', 'Chemical') :: ['Hormones']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and renal diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['obesity hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between religiosity and mood, quality of life, number of hospitalizations, and number of severe suicide attempts among @entity162 @entity1 . METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of @entity162 outpatients (N = 168), we assessed symptoms of @entity162 [Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)], @entity308 [Montgomery-  sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)], religiosity (Duke Religious Index), religious coping (Brief RCOPE), and quality of life [World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF)]. Sociodemographic data, number of suicide attempts, and number of hospitalizations were obtained through an interview with the individual and analysis of the @entity1 's medical records. Logistical and linear regressions of the association between the religious indicators and clinical variables were conducted, controlling for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: A total of 148 (88.1%) individuals reported some type of religious affiliation. Intrinsic religiosity [odds ratio (OR) = 0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06-0.57, p = 0.003] and positive religious coping strategies (OR = 0.25, CI: 0.09-0.71, p = 0.01) were associated with fewer @entity308 . All four domains of quality of life were directly and significantly correlated with intrinsic religiosity. Positive religious coping was correlated with higher levels of the psychological (b = 0.216, p = 0.002) and environmental (b = 0.178, p = 0.028) quality-of-life domains. Negative religious coping was associated with lower scores on the psychological domain of quality of life (b = -0.182, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Intrinsic religiosity and positive religious coping are strongly associated with fewer @entity308 and improved quality of life. Negative religious coping is associated with worse quality of life. Religiosity is a relevant aspect of @entity1 ' lives and should be taken into consideration by physicians when assessing and managing @entity162 @entity1 . Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the causality and therapeutic implications of our findings.

title: Religiosity, mood symptoms, and quality of life in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of the thyroid other than @entity189 is extremely rare. We describe here a case of calcitonin-negative @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ), which occurred in a thyroid gland that had previously been irradiated at high dose (60 Gy) for @entity5 , with molecular analyses for follicular cell origin. @entity1 FINDINGS: The @entity5 cells were small with fine chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and inapparent cytoplasm, and showed @entity8799 such as palisading, rosettes, and trabeculae. Mitotic figures were numerous exceeding 10 mitoses per 10 high-power fields. The @entity5 cells invaded into several vessels and metastasized to regional lymph nodes. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were strongly positive for neuroendocrine markers and thyroglobulin (Tg), a marker of thyroid follicular cells but negative for calcitonin and @entity787 ( @entity787 ). Expression of Tg and @entity5010 ( @entity5010 ) were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ki-67 labeling index was more than 70% in the @entity5 cells. Taken together, the @entity5 was diagnosed as @entity4153 of the thyroid. Genetic analyses also revealed microsatellite abnormalities of the phosphatase and tensin homolog ( @entity983 ) gene, suggesting that functional loss of @entity983 contributes to @entity105 . CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report describing a @entity4153 of the thyroid with molecular analyses that provide evidence for a follicular epithelial origin.

title: Radiation-associated XXXX of the thyroid: a case report with molecular analyses.

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['SCNEC', 'small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8799 :: ('MESH:D018358', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine architectures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'NET', 'pharyngeal cancer', 'Neuroendocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity5010 :: ('7253', 'Gene') :: ['TSHR', 'thyrotropin receptor']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity4153 :: (MESH:D018288,Disease) :: ['small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']


abstract: Antidepressant drugs were introduced into clinical practice in the mid-20th Century. While for the most part they have proven effective for the amelioration of @entity308 , they are associated with significant deficiencies. These well-recognized shortcomings have given impetus to the pursuit of new molecules that seek to improve on the efficacy, tolerability and safety of existing medications. The following article reviews several new compounds that may have antidepressant potential. Some are more advanced in development, having undergone clinical trials, whereas the clinical potential of others is yet to be explored. For this latter group of compounds, the antidepressant potential relies on their activity in validated animal models. @entity29050 and @entity4480 are in the first category, having shown antidepressant efficacy in clinical trials. The blockade of @entity701 secretion continues to be a focus of attention for the development of new antidepressants. Thus, synthesis inhibitors, nonpeptide antagonists of corticotropin-releasing factor and glucocorticoid receptor antagonists show some promise in clinical and preclinical tests. Antagonists of the neuropeptide substance P, @entity3488 and neuropeptide Y represent a departure of approach from traditional @entity1154 receptor-based mechanisms. While the clinical results with one substance P antagonist have led to the cessation of further trials, other molecules are in development. Approaches to treatment based on glutamatergic transmission arose from observations in animal models. The clinical evaluation of such compounds awaits further development. The extent to which new agents can be judged to have met the goals of efficacy, tolerability and safety rely not only acute treatment trials but also on longer-term outcomes and postmarketing surveillance. Whether any of the new agents canvassed here prove to be significantly better than existing agents is clearly a judgement for the future.

title: Emerging treatments for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity29050 :: ('MESH:C084711', 'Chemical') :: ['Agomelatine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity455 ( @entity455 ) transfer is gaining popularity as a reliable donor-site in microsurgical treatment of @entity4269 . However, variations in number, location, and blood supply to submental lymph-nodes as well as associate skin-paddle make a predictable flap harvest a challenging task. We analyzed this region on preoperative imaging, to improve accuracy of @entity455 transfers. METHODS: Contrast CT-scan analysis of @entity455 -flap areas was performed in 58 @entity1 . Number and location of visibly vascularized lymph nodes as well as submental artery perforators were identified, documented, and compared. RESULTS: About 409 lymph-nodes were found in 50 @entity1 . No significant difference was found in the number of nodes between the right and left side. Significantly more lymph-nodes were found in zones 1B than zones 1A. In eight @entity1 nodes were not identified. In the remaining 50 @entity1 position of the visibly @entity455 was predictable. CONCLUSION: Significantly less lymph-nodes can be found in zone 1a then zone 1b. Location of visibly vascularized lymph nodes can be identified predictably in relation to bony landmarks. Blood supply to 1a nodes and particularly location of dominant skin perforator is unpredictable due to potential crossover. Contrast CT scan can help identify location and blood supply to submental lymph-nodes in most @entity1 . J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:23-26.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Contrast CT-scan for preoperative planning of @entity455 ( XXXX ) transfer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascularized submental lymph-node', 'Vascularized submental lymph-node', 'VSLN']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascularized submental lymph-node']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 ( @entity4375 ) is associated with @entity65 and the @entity209 . Because @entity14822 have been associated with impaired @entity4375 , this study aimed to determine whether diets known to improve the lipid profile, namely a diet high in @entity1474 (walnuts) or @entity6221 (cashew nuts), would improve @entity4375 in subjects with @entity209 ( @entity209 ). METHODS: A controlled feeding trial with a randomized, controlled, parallel study design was undertaken, which involved 62 subjects with @entity209 . Subjects were stratified according to gender and age and were randomized into three groups receiving a control diet, or a diet high (20% energy) in walnuts or unsalted cashew nuts for 8 weeks while maintaining body weight. The @entity4375 , C-reactive protein (CRP), and @entity209 components were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS: After the intervention, @entity4375 in the walnut-fed study group decreased (P = .038) and that in the cashew-fed study group increased (P = .036), but the @entity4375 in the control group did not change (P = .56). The percent change of the walnut versus cashew group differed (P = .019). Body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and @entity1674 did not change. The fasting @entity413 concentrations of the cashew group increased (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: The significant improvements in @entity4375 obtained by a diet rich in cashew nuts underline the beneficial cardiovascular effects of nuts. However, the opposite result was obtained with a diet rich in walnuts. These significant changes observed might indicate that @entity4375 is particularly sensitive and influenced by changes in diet without changes in @entity28 .

title: Modulation of baroreflex sensitivity by walnuts versus cashew nuts in subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired baroreflex sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: A 74-year-old @entity1 with the chief complaint of ulceration of penile shaft and scrotal swelling was referred to our hospital on November 7, 1985. Biopsy specimen of the local lesion histologically revealed @entity420 with Paget's cell. Clinical studies revealed a high serum @entity787 ( @entity787 ) level and regional lymph node @entity3 was highly suspected. We concluded that the @entity1 was suffering from @entity5464 . Emasculation, bil-inguinal and pelvic lymph node dissection, and free skin mesh grafting were performed on December 24, 1985. Histological findings of the @entity5 confirmed @entity4261 and bil-inguinal and pelvic lymph node @entity3 . @entity787 staining showed @entity787 positive malignant cells in both the @entity75 and metastatic lymph nodes. After operation, the rapid deterioration of the @entity1 's condition was accompanied by extremely high serum @entity787 levels, @entity3883 , and evidence of @entity3 to the liver. He died 24 days after operation and autopsy could not be performed. We recommend aggressive treatment when clinical studies reveal invasion to the epidermis, high serum @entity787 levels and lymph node @entity3 .

title: [Genital @entity4261 with general XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5464 :: ('MESH:D014565', 'Disease') :: ["Stage II genital Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['invasive adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: A 26-year-old pregnant @entity1 with a body mass index of 60 was scheduled for cesarean section at 36 weeks' gestation. She was found having affected with @entity6 and @entity101 at 17 weeks of pregnancy. The blood @entity413 level as controlled by subcutaneous injection of insulin was maintained at the level of 110-140 mg/dL. @entity101 was also controlled by @entity12833 and @entity2514 with the systolic pressure maintaining at 140-180 mmHg during the pregnancy. Abnormal perfusion of umbilical artery without compromise of placental function was found twice by Doppler prenatal examination at gestation of 33 and 34 weeks respectively. The operation was performed under general anesthesia. However, @entity386 and low Apgar score of the neonate were noted. General anesthesia was thought as the root cause of this event at first. After a series of examination and management, @entity4053 and uteroplacental perfusion insufficiency were considered as the causes of this morbidity. The neonate's condition was improved in 48 hr after close care.

title: Birth asphyxia during general anesthesia for a morbidly obese parturient with XXXX undergoing cesarean section--a case report.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity12833 :: ('MESH:D008750', 'Chemical') :: ['methyldopa']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the technique and outcomes of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) and evaluate the efficacy of the urinary reservoir constructed with ileum in @entity1 with @entity150 . METHODS: From 2005 - 2010, A total of 11 @entity1 with @entity150 were enrolled in this study. Laparoscopy was performed with 5 trocars. Urodynamic examination was performed, the function of upper urinary tract was tested, and complications were evaluated in all the eleven cases. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 420 minutes (ranged 350 to 490 min) and mean @entity190 was 410 ml (ranged 300 to 700 ml). Ten of the 11 @entity1 had complete continence, and one case had @entity322 . The average flow rate was 11.5 ml/s. The first pressure of the reservoir was 29 cm @entity2507 , and the maximum pressure was 36 cm @entity2507 . The average capacity was 162 ml and 410 ml, respectively. The outlet pressure was 49 cm @entity2507 . The volume of residual urine was 0 - 35 ml. No evidence of ureteral reflux was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy is a promising method for the treatment of @entity150 . Orthotopic ileal neobladder is considered as an ideal form of urinary diversion characterized with low pressure, larger capacity and continence.

title: [Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'invasive bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['invasive bladder cancer']


abstract: Gastroparesis is a frequent complication of longstanding @entity6 and has been attributed to @entity129 , occurring as part of a generalized @entity4148 . We wanted to clarify the relationship between delayed @entity356 ( @entity356 ) and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in type 1 @entity6 . Using a standardized ultrasound technique, @entity356 was studied in 20 type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with poor glycaemic control despite good compliance and 10 normal healthy volunteers (Group 1). Measurements of @entity356 were done on condition that the fasting blood @entity413 was 3.5-9.0 mmol/l. @entity6 @entity1 were classified into two groups according to the absence (Group 2) or presence (Group 3) of @entity299 , using the deep breathing test (E:I ratio) to evaluate parasympathetic @entity129 . Age-related reference values were used to evaluate the indices of @entity299 . The supine resting heart rate was also checked, and the @entity1 were asked for symptoms of @entity7623 . The three groups were similar in terms of sex and smoking habits, and there was no significant difference regarding the age and body mass index (BMI). The mean duration of @entity6 and the glycaemic control (HbA1c) was insignificant between @entity1 in Groups 2 and 3. @entity6 @entity1 in Group 3 showed lower @entity356 rates (GER) than the healthy volunteers in Group 1 (median GER 16% vs. 63%, P<.01) and the @entity1 in Group 2 (median GER 16% vs. 54%, P<.01). No significant difference in GER could be seen between @entity1 in Group 2 and subjects in Group 1 (median GER 54% vs. 63%, P=.08). Assuming that GER<45% indicated a delayed @entity356 , 8 of 10 @entity1 in Group 3 had delayed @entity356 compared to only 3 of 10 @entity1 in Group 2. There were disagreements between symptoms of @entity7623 and delayed @entity356 . We conclude that there is a significant lower GER in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity299 than in those without, unrelated to symptoms of @entity7623 .

title: @entity356 rate in Type 1 XXXX with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['vagal nerve dysfunction', 'vagal nerve function']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac autonomic neuropathy', 'CAN']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastroparesis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying', 'GE']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: The efficacy of preemptive @entity1337 on @entity282 is discussed. From experimental neurophysiological data, the present policy of preventive @entity1337 aims at precluding modifications of the nervous system secondary to a @entity66 and the appearance of @entity1118 , particularly of the neurogenic kind. The post-mastectomy @entity158 (PMPS) falls within the realm of @entity158 and is still poorly understood and underestimated. This study evaluated the preemptive effect of a perioperative administration of an oral non @entity134 anti-inflammatory, the @entity5018 - @entity369 , on PMPS. Thirty @entity1 scheduled for partial or total mastectomy with axillary dissection were prospectively and randomly assigned to 2 groups. The @entity5018 - @entity369 group (group I) (n = 15), received an oral administration of 400 mg of @entity5018 - @entity369 , 90 min before surgery, 2 h after surgery and then every 8 h in the first 32 postoperative hours. The control group (group C) received in doubled blind a placebo at the same time. At 6 months, we looked after @entity158 or @entity809 . We confirmed the diagnosis of PMPS in presence of association of diagnosis criterias. Fourteen @entity1 in each group have been included. Eighty-six percent of the @entity1 (13 @entity1 in group I and 11 @entity1 in group C) presented at 6 months @entity809 of the upper member ipsilateral to the mastectomy and/or the operated breast, appearing either immediately or after a laps of time. Nine @entity1 (group I) and 6 @entity1 (group C) had PMPS. Postoperative radiotherapy and lymphoedema were statistically associated with PMPS (p = 0.019 and p = 0.011). The perioperative preventive administration of a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug reduces neither the incidence of @entity158 in the first post-operative months, nor the appearance of PMPS at 6 months. These results suggest that others factors than the @entity66 may play a role in the occurrence of PMPS, as radiotherapy, lymphoedema, but also psychosocials factors.

title: [Preventive analgesic effect of intraoperative administration of @entity5018 - XXXX on postmastectomy @entity158 ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nervous lesion']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic pain', 'pain', 'pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: Anti- @entity1955 (T4) and anti- @entity1954 (T3) antibodies have been demonstrated in @entity1 . It was assumed that antibodies were at least partially saturated in vivo by the hormones. The initial step of the method therefore consisted in a dissociation of the postulated antigen-antibody complex by a 45% @entity1329 precipitation. The second part of the method consisted in incubating the euglobulins with trace amounts of 125I-T3 and 131I-T4. The hormones bound to the gammaglobulins were then separated from the free hormones by a column of DEAE Sephadex A-50 in @entity6190 0.05 M pH 7.6. The amounts of 125I and 131I bound to the gammaglobulin fraction were then measured. The results in any unknown sample were compared to those obtained when an equal amount of standard serum was identically treated, and the results were expressed as unknown/standard ratios of bound 125I and bound 131I, respectively. The mean binding ratios for T3 and T4 found in sera obtained from 42 normal subjects were 0.7 +/- 0.4 SD and 0.8 +/- 0.5, respectively. Elevated binding ratios for both T3 and T4 were found in sera obtained from 5 out of 43 cases of @entity1375 and in 2 out of 34 cases of @entity1378 . The binding ratios were elevated for only T3 in 10 cases of @entity1375 and in 5 cases of @entity1378 . Antibodies against T4 were detected in one case of @entity1375 . High binding ratios for T3 were also observed in one @entity1 with secondary @entity1375 who had received treatment with dessicated thyroid for several years. In most of the positive sera, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, as measured by passive hemagglutination, could also be detected. For one serum containing anti-T3 antibody and another containing anti-T4 antibody, the binding affinity and capacity were estimated by Scatchard plot analysis; affinity constants were 5.4 x 10(8) L/mol and 1.3 x 10(9) L-mol, respectively; capacities 1.4 ng/ml and 1.2 ng/ml, respectively. The presence of anti-T3 and anti-T4 antibodies in serum may result in an apparent lowering of the serum T3 and T4 concentrations, respectively.

title: Detection of human anti-thyroxine and anti- XXXX antibodies in different thyroid conditions.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['triiodothyronine']


abstract: There is a constant need of features able to characterize potentially metastatic cells among the heterogeneous cell subpopulations which constitute a @entity5 . Image cytometry of metastatic @entity5 cells give rise to variable results, partly because of a heterogeneous origin of cells, or potential drug effects. The aim of this work was to characterize nuclear changes observed in metastatic cell clones issued in vitro from the same parental cell population The nuclear phenotypes of 6 cell sublines isolated from a @entity35 @entity980 cell line and differing in their metastatic ability were evaluated by image cytometry on Feulgen-stained preparations. Densitometric [5], geometric [3] and textural [9] features were computed from each nuclear image. For each cell subline, a metastatic score, ranging from 0 to 10, was calculated on the basis of in vivo invasivity data, by measuring the number of pulmonary metastases observed after s.c. graft of @entity5 cells in @entity35 . Data obtained were compared to karyotype, growth characteristics, and oncogene expressions of cell lines. The nuclear DNA content, the chromosome numbers, the cell sublines doubling times, and the distribution of cells within the cell cycle appear unrelated with this score. On the contrary, increase in metastatic ability is accompanied by changes in chromatin pattern as assessed by textural features. Progressive increase in chromatin condensation can be observed in cell sublines with increasing metastatic score. These results were confirmed by an unsupervised multivariate partitioning of @entity980 cells which identified two separate subsets whose distributions within the analyzed cell lines correlate with their metastatic ability. These data suggest that, in @entity35 @entity980 cell sublines, metastatic ability could be associated with nuclear morphological changes at the level of chromatin texture.

title: Nuclear DNA content and chromatin pattern of @entity35 XXXX cell sublines with different metastatic potentials.

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: AIM: Various methods are used to augment the efficacy of cell therapy in @entity583 ( @entity583 ). In this study, we used the "activated platelet supernatant ( @entity1423 )" to prime autologous " @entity7420 -mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells ((mob) PBMCs)" and investigated the efficacy of cell-based therapy in @entity583 . METHOD: @entity35 (mob) PBMCs were isolated after daily subcutaneous injections of G-CSF at 100   g/kg for 3  days. @entity1423 was isolated separately after activating @entity35 platelets with thrombin 0.5  U/mL for 2  hours. Priming was performed with @entity1423 for 6  hours. To check the paracrine effect of primed (mob) PBMCs, we used the 36-hour culture supernatant of the primed cells. A @entity35 @entity583 model was used for an in vivo model. RESULT: Cytokines such as @entity3426 , @entity13358 , and TGFb were 3.7  0.9-fold, 3.4  1.2-fold, and 1.2  0.1-fold higher in @entity1423 , respectively, compared with na  ve platelet supernatant. By @entity1423 priming, (mob) PBMCs showed M2 polarization and upregulation of angiogenic molecules (i.e., @entity26081 , @entity13358 , @entity4646 , and @entity17581 ). @entity1423 -primed (mob) PBMCs had a 2.3-fold increased adhesion ability, induced by upregulated integrins. @entity35 endothelial cells cultured in the 36-hour culture supernatant of @entity1423 -primed (mob) PBMCs showed a 1.6-fold augmented proliferation and capillary network formation. In vivo transplantation of @entity1423 -primed (mob) PBMCs into @entity35 @entity583 models showed a significant trend of reduction in @entity82 area (P=.001) and wall thinning (P=.030), which lead to improvement in cardiac function measured by echocardiography. CONCLUSION: Our data reveal that @entity1423 priming can enhance the wound-healing potential of (mob) PBMCs. @entity1423 priming may be a promising method for cell-based therapy of @entity583 .

title: Priming mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the "activated platelet supernatant" enhances the efficacy of cell therapy for @entity583 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7420 :: ('25610(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The specific competitive alpha 1-postsynaptic blocking action and haemodynamic effects of @entity3159 (Minipress) have been summarized. @entity3159 causes dilatation of arterioles and veins, reduces total peripheral resistance as well as preload and afterload. Cardiac output does not change at rest, @entity64 volume and subsequent cardiac output increase during exercise. The changes in heart rate have non-significant. It does not cause sympathetic counter-regulation, plasma @entity916 activity does not increase, @entity1369 level decreases, salt- and fluid retention may rarely be observed. It does not provoke @entity951 . The authors report on the results of their examinations with the first dose of @entity3159 in 61 @entity1 (in 33 cases by the double-blind cross-over method by placebo control), and summarize the observations made with the drug in long-term treatment in Hungary. The authors and other teams used @entity3159 as a long-term treatment (of approximately 3 months) in combination with other drugs in a total of 344 @entity1 , and as monotherapy in 159 @entity1 . In the course of combination treatment side-effects were observed in 15% of the @entity1 ( @entity1296 , @entity10 , @entity425 , occasionally palpitation). During monotherapy, side-effects occurred in 12% of the @entity1 ( @entity591 , @entity10 , @entity425 , @entity1296 ). Hungarian results confirm the usefulness of @entity3159 in all stages of @entity101 . It is effective in 30-35% of the cases as a monotherapy (this rate is congruent with the efficacy of beta-blockers, calcium antagonists and antihypertensive drugs of central action). Earlier @entity3159 had been used as a third agent in combination treatment of @entity101 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The mechanism of the action of Minipress. Examinations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin', 'prazosin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity1643 is one of the most common ailments in the general population, which tends to increase in severity along with aging. While few @entity1 have severe enough symptoms or underlying pathology to warrant surgical intervention, in those select cases treatment choices remain controversial and reimbursement is a substancial barrier to surgery. The object of this study was to examine outcomes of @entity615 without @entity614 following minimally-invasive lateral interbody fusion. Twenty-two @entity1 were treated at either one or two levels (28 total) between @entity42600 . Discectomy and interbody fusion were performed using a minimallyinvasive retroperitoneal lateral transpsoas approach. Clinical and radiographic parameters were analyzed at standard pre- and postoperative intervals up to 24 months. Mean surgical duration was 72.1 minutes. Three @entity1 underwent supplemental percutaneous pedicle screw instrumentation. Four (14.3%) stand-alone levels experienced cage subsidence. @entity158 (VAS) and disability (ODI) improved markedly postoperatively and were maintained through 24 months. Segmental @entity1515 increased significantly and fusion was achieved in 93% of levels. In this series, isolated @entity1643 arising from @entity179 was treated with minimally-invasive lateral interbody fusion in significant radiographic and clinical improvements, which were maintained through 24 months.

title: Lateral interbody fusion for treatment of XXXX : minimally invasive surgical techniques.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain', 'axial low back pain']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['discogenic back pain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['discogenic low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After pylorus-preserving Whipple (PPW), delayed @entity356 (DGE) is reported in up to 50% of these @entity1 . We analyzed @entity356 and hormonal adaptation of @entity8586 ( @entity13216 ), @entity3770 ( @entity3770 ), and @entity8243 following two surgical procedures for @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ): the PPW and the duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR). METHODS: Ten @entity1 underwent DPPHR and 10 underwent PPW for @entity1689 . Preoperatively and 10 days and 6 months postoperatively, @entity356 ( @entity1443 absorption test) and @entity13216 , @entity8243 , and @entity3770 were measured using a test meal stimulation. RESULTS: The area under the serum @entity1443 time curve for 0 to 120 minutes (AUC) showed no preoperative difference. Ten days postoperatively, the AUC was significantly reduced (P <0.05) after PPW but not after DPPHR. Six months postoperatively, AUC was comparable with the preoperative findings in DPPHR and PPW. The integrated 180-minute @entity3770 release was significantly reduced 10 days and 6 months postoperatively in both groups. The integrated 180-minute @entity13216 release was decreased 10 days after PPW, but failed to be significant (P = 0.053). @entity8243 levels were postoperatively unchanged. CONCLUSION: Following DPPHR we found no delay in @entity356 . In contrast, DGE occurs early after PPW. Our data may help explain the slower recovery in PPW @entity1 with regard to weight gain and relief from @entity158 , which may be due to the functional alteration of @entity356 and motility after this type of surgery.

title: Gastric emptying following pylorus-preserving Whipple and duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection in XXXX with @entity1689 .

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3770 :: ('5539', 'Gene') :: ['PP', 'pancreatic polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously reported a gender difference in the occurrence of @entity173 type with age in our local population. In the current report, we have explored this phenomenon in a Canadian population using five years of data from a national administrative database. We have compared community-dwelling and institutionalized individuals to determine if frailty is important and has a differential effect on the type of @entity173 experienced. METHODS: Hospitalization records from 2005 to 2009, in which the most responsible diagnosis, that is the diagnosis causing the admission to hospital, was a @entity173 , were obtained from the Discharge Abstract Database of the Canadian Institute for Health Information. @entity173 type was identified using the Canadian Classification of Health Interventions and the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision, Canada (ICD-10-CA). @entity173 proportions were calculated for the study period and stratified by age group and sex. RESULTS: The relative proportion of intertrochanteric @entity174 in @entity1 rose from 35% in the youngest group (55-59 years) to 51% in the oldest group (84+ years; P < 0.0001). In @entity1 , the proportions remain relatively stable (47% and 44%, respectively). Community and institutionalized @entity1 showed the same pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The change in the proportion of the two @entity173 types that occur in @entity1 but not @entity1 may point to differences in the etiology and consequently the approaches to prevention for the two @entity174 types. Level of frailty did not seem to be important.

title: Hip Fracture Types in Canadian @entity1 and XXXX Change Differently with Age: A Population-Level Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip fracture', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']