abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed at assessing the pulmonary function and life quality of @entity1 with @entity4595 not caused by @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) on the basis of the presence or absence of colonization (with Pseudomonas or other microorganisms). @entity1 AND METHOD: Prospective, randomised control-case study of @entity1 with @entity4595 who came to the Pneumology area of the Hospital Universitario de Canarias between January 1999 and December 2000 in a stable clinic situation. @entity1 must had no antibiotic therapy over last six weeks before the study. @entity1 with @entity1577 and @entity1 who had an acute @entity1576 were excluded. We obtained two sputum samples for culture with an interval of six weeks between both. We determined the expiratory flow in the first second (FEV1), the forced vital capacity (FVC) and arterial gases. Quality of life was measured by the St. George respiratory questionnaire. RESULTS: We included 70 @entity1 , 25 males (35%) and 45 females (64%), with a mean (SD) age of 56 (17) years. There were 14 @entity1 who had Pseudomonas (Ps-group), 10 who had other microorganisms (another-group) and 46 @entity1 who had no microorganism in sputum culture (no-group). The pulmonary function of the no-group (FEV<SUB<1%: 73 [24] and FVC%: 79 [21]) was better than that of the Ps-group (FEV1%: 47 [27]; p = 0.00; FVC%: 61 [28]; p = 0.04). The quality of life of the no-group ( @entity348 ( @entity348 ): 33.2 [18.9]) was better than that of the Ps-group ( @entity348 : 54 [23.2]; p = 0.00) and that of the another-group ( @entity348 : 52.2 [20.4]; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Non @entity1577 @entity1 whose @entity4595 are colonized with Pseudomonas have worse pulmonary function and quality of life than uncolonized ones. Moreover, @entity1 having microorganisms other than Pseudomonas have a worse quality of life than those without microorganisms.

title: [Pulmonary function and quality of life in relation to bronchial colonization in adults with @entity4595 not caused by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'total score']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity155 @entity174 of the posterior cruciate ligament have long been regarded as rare injuries. In the past, it was common practice to use cast immobilization as an external adjunct after open reduction and internal fixation of @entity174 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with displaced @entity155 @entity174 of the posterior cruciate ligament were treated with open reduction and internal fixation between August 1989 and July 1993. Malleolar screws were chosen as fixation devices in 14 @entity1 . In the other two, pull-through sutures were used because the size of the @entity174 fragments was too small to obtain purchase of screws. The postoperative management protocol evolved from an initial regimen of 6 weeks' immobilization in a cast with the knee flexed to 40 degrees for the first five @entity1 (group I), to 4 weeks' immobilization in a cast for the next six @entity1 (group II), to the present protocol of immediate postoperative range of motion (40-70 degrees) with muscle-strengthening exercises in a functional brace for the last five @entity1 (group III). The average follow-up period was 36 months (range, 24-58 months). Hughston's criteria were used to assess the clinical results. RESULTS: Overall, there were 12 (75%) good and 4 fair (25%) results. There was no poor result. CONCLUSION: @entity155 @entity174 of the posterior cruciate ligament should be treated with open reduction and stable internal fixation if any displacement is seen on initial radiographs at presentation. With the use of functional brace and aggressive postoperative rehabilitation program (i.e., immediate range of motion of 40-70 degrees with muscle-strengthening exercises), satisfactory results can be expected and achieved.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament and postoperative management.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractured']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['Avulsion', 'avulsion']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']


abstract: We previously reported that the @entity1254 -leptin (A/L) ratio was more efficacious as a parameter of insulin resistance than @entity1254 or leptin alone, and a more sensitive and reliable marker of insulin resistance than homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R) as the fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) level elevated in @entity6 . In this study, we examined the usefulness of the A/L ratio as compared to HOMA-R for assessing insulin resistance in Japanese subjects without @entity4854 . A total of 411 Japanese adults without @entity4854 (205 @entity1 , aged 49 +/- 10 years; 206 @entity1 , aged 48 +/- 10 years) were enrolled. We investigated the correlation between fasting serum insulin level, FPG, leptin or @entity1254 , and body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), @entity1674 (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , or preheparin serum lipoprotein lipase ( @entity5523 ) as parameters of insulin resistance. Next, we examined the relationships between parameters of insulin resistance and the A/L ratio or HOMA-R. By simple regression of the correlation between serum insulin level, FPG, leptin or @entity1254 , and each parameter of insulin resistance, the best correlation coefficients were seen in leptin ( @entity1 , r = 0.501; @entity1 , r = 0.667) as compared with BMI, in leptin ( @entity1 , r = 0.658; @entity1 , r = 0.747) as compared with FM, in @entity1254 (r = -0.285) in @entity1 and leptin (r = 0.299) in @entity1 as compared with TGs, in @entity1254 ( @entity1 , r = 0.405; @entity1 ; r = 0.442) as compared with HDL @entity165 , and in @entity1254 ( @entity1 , r = 0.228; @entity1 , r = 0.452) as compared with @entity5523 . By simple regression of the correlation between A/L ratio or HOMA-R and each parameter of insulin resistance, the highest correlation coefficients were seen with the A/L ratio except HDL @entity165 in @entity1 . Next, we carried out multiple linear regression to analyze the association between A/L ratio or HOMA-R and FM, TGs, HDL @entity165 , and @entity5523 , excluding BMI, simultaneously. In @entity1 , the A/L ratio was significantly correlated with FM and TGs, and HOMA-R was significantly correlated with FM. This model explained 34% of the variance in the A/L ratio and 17% of the variance in HOMA-R. In @entity1 , the A/L ratio was significantly correlated with FM and @entity5523 , and HOMA-R was significantly correlated with FM and @entity5523 . This model explained 39% of the variance in A/L ratio and 14% of the variance in HOMA-R. In conclusion, the present study suggested that the A/L ratio might be more useful than HOMA-R to accurately assess insulin resistance in subjects without @entity4854 .

title: Relationship between the @entity1254 -leptin ratio and parameters of insulin resistance in subjects without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To study the metastatic pattern of thoracic lymph nodes in @entity1 with resectable @entity2 . METHODS: From January 1992 to December 2000, radical lobectomy or pneumonectomy and systemic lymphadenectomy were performed in 306 @entity1 with @entity2 . Number, size, colour and hardness of lymph nodes in each region were recorded and neoplastic @entity3 was examined by pathology. RESULTS: Out of 4 614 resected lymph nodes from 2 456 regions, 954 lymph nodes from 521 regions were confirmed to have @entity3 . The metastatic rates of thoracic lymph nodes and mediastinal lymph nodes were 61.8% and 43.5% , respectively. The metastatic frequencies in regions around the hilar or root of lung (11,10,7,5,4) were higher than those of regions far from the root of lung (9,6,3,2,1). There was a remarkably higher metastatic rate of lymph nodes in @entity151 than that in @entity1149 (P < 0.01 ). The metastatic rate was closely related to size, colour and hardness of lymph nodes (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 , P < 0.001 ). CONCLUSIONS: Most of neoplastic @entity3 of lymph nodes spreads from proximal to distal areas, lower to upper regions, and from the hilar to the mediastinal. A few mediastinal lymph nodes show a skipping pattern. It is necessary to perform systemic lymphadenectomy during pulmonary resection.

title: [The metastatic pattern of thoracic lymph nodes in 306 XXXX with @entity2 ].

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We aim to report the outcome of @entity1 with @entity3620 who underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and adjuvant hemithoracic radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy at a single Australian institution. METHOD: Between July 2004 and March 2013, 53 @entity1 were referred for radiation treatment following EPP, of whom 49 were suitable for adjuvant treatment. Radiation treatment initially involved a 3D conformal, mixed electron/photon technique, delivering 45-50.4   Gy in 25-28 fractions (31 @entity1 ) and subsequently a nine-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique, delivering 50.4-54   Gy in 28-30 fractions (18 @entity1 ). Fifty-five per cent of @entity1 also received pre-operative chemotherapy. We assessed @entity137 , disease-specific and overall survival in @entity1 who commenced radiation treatment. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 (84%) completed treatment as prescribed. Six @entity1 stopped prematurely due to @entity137 , and two with disease progression. Most @entity1 discontinuing due to @entity137 received over 90% of the prescribed dose. Common acute @entity137 included @entity390 , @entity1295 , @entity448 and @entity1909 . Severe early @entity137 were rare. Late @entity137 were uncommon, with the exception of a persistent elevation in liver enzymes in those with right-sided disease. Neither clinical @entity99 nor radiation @entity55 was documented. With a median follow up of 18.7 months, median disease-free and overall survival were 21.6 and 30.5 months, respectively, and 2-year overall survival was 57.3%. CONCLUSION: Hemithoracic radiotherapy following EPP, although associated with significant early @entity137 , is well tolerated. Most @entity1 complete the prescribed treatment, and clinically significant late @entity137 are rare.

title: Hemithoracic radiation therapy after extrapleural pneumonectomy for @entity3620 : XXXX and outcomes at an Australian institution.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: The cutaneous microcirculation was investigated before and 2-4 h after haemodilution in 13 newborn @entity1 with @entity11998 . Skin microvascular perfusion was related to the haematocrit and to the presence of rhythmical changes in blood flow, reflecting vasomotor activity. The microcirculation was studied with a laser Doppler fluxmeter in a superficial microvascular bed represented by the dorsal hand skin. In five subjects, it was possible to combine laser Doppler flux measurements with microscopic quantitations of blood cell velocity in single, nailfold capillaries. In neonates less than 12 h postnatal age (n = 6), microvascular perfusion was only one-third that of the equally polycythaemic, but older @entity1 (n = 7, p < 0.01). The higher perfusion in the older neonates with @entity11998 was associated with rhythmical variations in blood flow (3-5 cycles/min). There was no difference in skin temperature, blood pressure or heart rate between the two age groups. After haemodilution, the younger @entity1 had developed rhythmical blood flow variations with the same characteristics as in the older group, in which the flow pattern was unchanged. In association, the laser Doppler flux had increased 304% in the younger and 73% in the older group (median values, p < 0.05 versus pretreatment values). The post-treatment change in laser Doppler flux corresponded to an increase in nailfold capillary blood cell velocity from 0.08 (0.02-0.23) mm/s prior to haemodilution to 0.21 (0.07-0.32) mm/s after treatment (n = 5, p < 0.05). Skin microcirculatory effects of neonatal @entity11998 and haemodilution vary in relation to vasomotor activity.

title: Skin microcirculation in neonatal XXXX and effects of haemodilution. Interaction between haematocrit, vasomotor activity and perfusion.

entities_list: @entity11998 :: ('MESH:C548016', 'Disease') :: ['polycythaemia']

answer: @entity11998 :: (MESH:C548016,Disease) :: ['polycythaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complicated pancreatic inflammatory diseases are often life-threatening, multifocal, and @entity74 . Untreated, these lesions often prove fatal. The purpose of the study is to describe interventional radiologic techniques for diagnosis and treatment of complicated peripancreatic fluid collections. METHODS: Between January 1994 and December 1995, 17 @entity1 with abdominal fluid collection from complicated acute @entity788 underwent percutaneous drainage following initial diagnosis with computed tomography (CT). These @entity1 required multiple CT examinations, multiple catheter insertions, multiple catheter manipulations, and long-term catheter drainage. RESULTS: Twenty-five infected fluid collections among these 17 @entity1 were percutaneously drained. Sixteen (94%) @entity1 were successfully treated with catheter drainage alone. Surgical treatment was necessary in one @entity1 because of segmental stricture of transverse colon caused by @entity32 and adhesion of transverse mesocolon. Catheter drainage duration averaged 31 days. @entity1 required an average of three catheter manipulations and four abdominal CT scans. Mean hospital stay was 42 days (range, 11-95 days), and mean ICU stay was 25 days (range, 1-70 days). CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms that complicated peripancreatic fluid collections can be safely and effectively treated in most @entity1 with percutaneous catheter technique.

title: Abdominal fluid collection secondary to acute XXXX : treated with percutaneous catheter drainage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['multibacterial disorders']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Schistosomiasis leads to structural and functional changes which may result from unbalanced release of some inflammatory mediators. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of intestinal @entity281 on @entity842 release and to evaluate the neural plasticity that leads to motility disturbance. Experiments were performed in Swiss @entity19 8- and 12-weeks following infection with @entity380 compared to untreated controls. Jejunal motility was assessed using a Trendelenburg preparation to study aboral directed peristaltic pressure waves. Histological examination was used to determine the pathological characteristics of @entity32 . @entity281 produces diffuse inflammatory infiltrate in both 8- and 12-weeks infected animals. Inflammation had significant effect on peristaltic pressure waves amplitude and intervals at 8-weeks compared to control; whereas, in 12-weeks post infection there was a significant decrease in peristaltic pressure waves amplitude and interval compared to 8- weeks and control. @entity842 synthase inhibitor (L-NAME 100   M) induced a significant increase in amplitude and decrease in intervals in control, 8- and 12- weeks infected animals. In conclusion, @entity281 leads to disturbance in the release of the inflammatory mediators. This study indicated the role of @entity842 in developing @entity32 and participating in motility disturbance.

title: Neuronal activation and plasticity in @entity380 infected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Parasitic infection', 'parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the @entity137 and efficacy of an outpatient regimen of @entity1311 plus @entity3003 in @entity1 with advanced @entity189 of the urothelium. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 received @entity1311 150 to 225 mg/m2 over 3 hours followed by @entity3003 (targeted area under the concentration-time curve [AUC], 6 mg/mL x min) every 3 weeks. During phase I accrual, 16 @entity1 were treated; 17 additional @entity1 were enrolled at the phase II dose. The median age was 70 years (range, 47 to 82). The median serum @entity1011 concentration was 1.1 mg/dL (range, 0.7 to 2.7) and the median estimated @entity1011 clearance was 52 mL/min (range, 24 to 110). RESULTS: During phase I accrual, the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of the regimen was not defined. Phase II accrual occurred at the @entity1311 225 mg/m2 dose level. A total of 156 cycles were administered. The median number of cycles received was five (range, one to eight). @entity16 was the principal nonhematologic @entity137 . Significant @entity3028 was common, but significant @entity882 was not. Objective responses were demonstrated at all dose levels. At the phase II dose ( @entity1311 225 mg/m2 followed by @entity3003 at AUC 6 mg/mL x min), the objective response rate was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28% to 72%). CONCLUSION: @entity1311 plus @entity3003 is an active and tolerable outpatient treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity189 of the urothelium. The ability to administer this combination over multiple cycles even to @entity1 with advanced age and @entity8 makes it well suited for this @entity1 population. Confirmatory trials of this regimen are ongoing.

title: XXXX plus @entity3003 in advanced @entity189 of the urothelium: an active and tolerable outpatient regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal renal function']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Sensorimotor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: A residential rehabilitation program of the Bethel Institute in Germany for approximately three years is offered to young adults with @entity302 and mild @entity717 . @entity1 aim at @entity302 improvements and want to gain more independence. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the program and their stability over the course of time. METHOD: Ninety-seven clients completed the program between 1999 and 2011. Data with repeated measurements (T1=four weeks after admission, T2=discharge, T3=at least two years after discharge) were only available for 51 of them. Outcome variables were @entity410 frequency, carer-ratings on their clients' success, assistance needs after the program (supported housing vs. long-term residential care) and client-ratings on activities of daily living, problems at work, on health-related and on global quality of life (QOL), on life satisfaction and on @entity308 and @entity458 . RESULTS: @entity410 frequency was significantly reduced, more than half of the clients moved to supported housing. Clients reported improvements in activities of daily living and some aspects of their QOL. These improvements remained constant over at least two years. Baseline data scarcely correlated with outcome measures. Analyses of subgroups demonstrated that changes of client-ratings correspond to changes of external parameters such as @entity410 frequency and professional assistance. CONCLUSION: Improvements with regard to more independent living, a better @entity410 control and more favorable self-ratings remained stable over the following years. From a social-welfare point of view, it is especially important that about half of the clients moved to supported housing after the program.

title: Rehabilitation for young adults with XXXX and mild @entity717 : Results of a prospective study with repeated measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity851 frequently complicates the clinical course of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in @entity1 . This study was designed to investigate the role of disease activity versus @entity134 therapy on growth faltering in this disorder. METHODS: We studied @entity851 and its relationship to disease activity and @entity134 therapy in 69 @entity1 who have @entity29 by prospectively monitoring height for a maximum of 3 years. Disease activity and @entity134 use were recorded at entry into the study. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity851 was 24%, 23%, and 39% by height velocity, Z score, and height-for-age criteria, respectively; deficits were equally prevalent regardless of the stage of pubertal development. A delay in linear growth persisted throughout puberty and was not reversed after surgery. @entity1 who had @entity30 were twice as likely to have growth abnormalities than @entity1 who had @entity31 . We detected significant negative associations between linear growth and disease activity but not @entity134 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In a unique group of @entity1 , @entity851 is an early, "prepatterned" manifestation of @entity29 . The inflammatory process, rather than @entity134 use, has a predominant influence on the development of growth faltering.

title: XXXX in @entity1 with @entity29 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth failure', 'growth failure']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['Growth failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, from a histological and histomorphometrical perspective, the efficacy of a 1 : 1 mixture of deproteinized @entity291 bone mineral (DBBM) and autogenous bone graft associated with an expanded- @entity736 (e-PTFE) membrane for vertical ridge augmentation in the @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven @entity1 with 10 surgical sites requiring vertical ridge augmentation of partially edentulous lower jaws were included in the study. The vertical augmentation procedure was performed combining a @entity702 -reinforced e-PTFE Gore-Tex membrane with a composite graft consisting of a 1 : 1 ratio of DBBM (Bio-Oss) and autogenous bone. Twenty-seven Branemark implants have been inserted. Eleven biopsies from the regenerated area were analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically. RESULTS: The healing period was uneventful in nine surgical sites. In one site the membrane showed an exposure after 3 months. At the abutment connection, all implants appeared stable and submerged by a hard regenerated tissue clinically similar to bone. The histological analysis showed new bone formation and ongoing remodelling of the autogenous bone and the DBBM particles. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from the present clinical and histological study support the use of a 1 : 1 combination of DBBM and autogenous bone chips for vertical ridge augmentation by means of guided bone regeneration techniques. The regenerated bone may lead to proper osseointegration of a dental implant inserted at the time of the regenerative procedure or after a healing period of at least 6 months. DBBM undergoes very slow resorption and substitution with new bone. Furthermore, long-term clinical studies are needed to confirm the positive effect of DBBM in enhancing the lasting stability of the vertically augmented bone.

title: Vertical ridge augmentation by expanded- @entity736 membrane and a combination of intraoral autogenous bone graft and deproteinized anorganic XXXX bone (Bio Oss).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Several studies have established that @entity785 @entity1 have a reduced exercise capacity when compared to healthy individuals. It is relevant to evaluate whether aerobic exercise in @entity785 @entity1 is a safe and effective intervention to improve aerobic capacity. Seven @entity1 without @entity358 and seven healthy controls were enrolled in an 8-week program consisting of moderate intensity aerobic exercise. @entity1 and controls had a significant improvement in peak @entity26 consumption (19.72+/-3.51 vs. 22.27+/-2.53 and 22.94+/-4.70 vs. 24.55+/-3.00, respectively, p=0.006), but difference between groups was not statistically significant (p=0.149). This finding was reinforced by the fact that at the end of the study both groups were able to perform a significantly higher exercise intensity when compared to baseline, as measured by peak blood @entity880 (1.43+/-0.51 vs. 1.84+/-0.33 and 1.11+/-0.45 vs. 1.59+/-0.25, respectively, p=0.01). @entity1 improved the peak exercise @entity26 saturation comparing to the baseline (84.14+/-9.86 vs. 90.29+/-5.09, p=0.048). Rodnan score was similar before and after the intervention (15.84+/-7.84 vs.12.71+/-4.31, p=0.0855). Digital @entity1066 and @entity2407 remained stable. Our data support the notion that improving aerobic capacity is a feasible @entity785 management. The long term benefit of this intervention needs to be determined in large prospective studies.

title: Aerobic exercise is safe and effective in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary impairment']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'goal in systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e18067 Background: The combination of pemetrexed plus @entity900 (PC) was recently approved in the initial treatment of advanced stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Studies reported comparable efficacy of the combination pemetrexed plus @entity3003 (PCar) in the same setting. METHODS: We assessed 69 @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 treated with pemetrexed combined to @entity900 or @entity3003 from January 2004 to June 2010. Clinical data was collected and the following endpoints were analysed: @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and @entity137 profile. We performed univariate analysis to identify the predictive factors of response to both combinations. RESULTS: Twenty six (37.68%) @entity1 were treated with pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) plus @entity900 75 mg/m(2) and 43 (62.32%) with pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) plus @entity3003 AUC 5 every 21 days. The groups were well matched for age, sex, TNM stage, smoking status and histology. There were significantly more @entity1 with ECOG 2 in the PCar group (46.5% vs. 15.6%, p=0.009). The efficacy of PCar and PC combinations were comparable in @entity1349 (11.64 x 9.96 months; p=0.96), PFS (5.69 x 7.04 months; p=0.60), ORR (37.21% x 42.31%; p=0.50) and DCR (86.05% x 80.70%; p=0.63). Both combinations were well tolerated and the rate of grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 was significantly higher in the PCar group (25.5% x 3.8%; p=0.003). The group with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) had comparable @entity1349 to the group with objective response (OR) (10.33 x 15.60 months, respectively; p=0.27). Non-squamous cell histology had a significantly longer @entity1349 than squamous cell histology (13.1 x 8.2 months; p=0.033). In the univariate analysis, non-squamous was the only predictor of response. CONCLUSIONS: PCar presents efficacy and safety comparable to PC in the community setting. @entity1 with @entity66 had @entity1349 comparable to @entity1 with OR. Non-squamous cell histology is the only predictive factor for treatment response with PCar and PC.

title: Comparison of pemetrexed plus @entity900 versus pemetrexed plus XXXX in the initial treatment of locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the initial experience with combined @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging for suspected recurrent @entity3557 (DTC) at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (SHSC), Toronto. DESIGN: Single institution retrospective study. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 from SHSC who underwent FDG PET/CT imaging for suspected recurrent DTC over a period of 2.5 years were identified and their charts reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Qualitative appraisal of FDG PET/CT imaging in suspected recurrent DTC. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 (14F, 2M) were identified accounting for 17 FDG PET/CT scans. Three scans (18%) in 3 different @entity1 were reported as suspicious for recurrent disease in the neck (1-3 lesions) and were considered "positive". All were subsequently confirmed pathologically (4-13 positive lymph nodes post operatively). Prior conventional imaging was abnormal in two @entity1 . Two @entity1 had an elevated non-stimulated thyroglobulin (TG) < 10 ng/mL (4.9 and 9.4). The remaining @entity1 had a TG < 0.3 ng/mL but was anti-TG antibody positive (84 IUx10-3/L). With a median follow up of 15 months (range 7-36) there were no false positive or negative scans. Incidental pathology ( @entity0 , large bowel @entity1127 ) was identified on a further 2/17 scans (12%). CONCLUSIONS: FDG PET/CT imaging is able to detect recurrent DTC in @entity1 with low TG levels. It can complement conventional imaging findings and exclude distant FDG-avid metastases prior to surgery. It may underestimate the number of positive lymph nodes in the neck. Occult pathology may be identified with whole body FDG PET/CT.

title: XXXX positron emission tomography-computed tomography for suspected recurrent @entity3557 : early experience at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary differentiated thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: We studied the effects of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) activated by @entity5037 on the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the @entity95 basilar artery (BA). In the presence of activated PMNLs the maximal vessel relaxation to @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity1812 (endothelium-dependent dilators) was decreased from 62 +/- 7 and 48 +/- 6% to 23 +/- 9 and 19 +/- 7, respectively, (p < 0.05). The endothelium-independent relaxation to @entity1854 was not affected by PMNLs. When PMNLs were activated in the organ chamber in the presence of a low concentration of platelet-activating factor (PAF, 10(-10) mol/l), the @entity308 of @entity1617 - and @entity1812 -induced relaxation increased by 27 +/- 9 and 23 +/- 7%, respectively (p < 0.05), though at this concentration PAF alone did not cause PMNLs to induce @entity409 . In addition, in the presence of PAF, activated PMNLs inhibited endothelium-dependent relaxation at lower cell concentrations and shorter periods of contact with the endothelium. PMNL effects on the endothelium were correlated with the level of cell exocytosis as tested by accumulation of beta-glucuronidase activity. In the presence of PAF, accumulation of this activity increased from 46 +/- 6 to 79 +/- 8 U/ml (p < 0.05). Examination of BA segments by scanning electron microscopy revealed that, after the treatment with activated PMNLs, the endothelium was morphologically preserved, but in the presence of PAF PMNLs caused more apparent microlesions in the endothelial layer. We conclude that small quantities of PAF potentiate the activation of marginated PMNLs. These cells then become more @entity146 towards the endothelium, producing significant @entity308 of the endothelium-dependent relaxation.

title: Leukocyte-induced XXXX in the @entity95 basilar artery: modulation by platelet-activating factor.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Drug-resistant @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) can be treated by tailored surgery guided by electrocorticography (ECoG). Although its value is still controversial, ECoG activity can provide continuous information on intracortical interactions that may be useful to understand the pathophysiology of @entity1315 . The goal of this study is to characterize local interactions in multichannel ECoG recordings of the lateral cortex of @entity1315 @entity1 using three synchronization measures and to link this information with surgical outcome. METHODS: Intraoperative ECoG recordings from 29 @entity1315 @entity1 were obtained using grids of 20 electrodes (4 x 5) covering regions T1, T2, and T3 of the lateral temporal lobe. Linear correlation, mutual information, and phase synchronization were calculated to quantify lateral intracortical interactions. Surrogate data files were generated to test results statistically. RESULTS: By distributing locally the interactions between the electrodes, we characterized the spatial patterns of ECoG activity. We found clusters of synchronized activity at specific areas of the lateral temporal cortex in most @entity1 . Methodologically, linear correlation and phase synchronization performed better than mutual information for cluster discrimination. ROC analysis suggested that surgical removal of sharply defined synchronization clusters correlated with @entity410 control. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that synchronous intraoperative ECoG activity emerges from specific cortical areas that are highly differentiated from the rest of the temporal cortex. This suggests that synchronization analysis could be used to functionally map into the temporal cortex of @entity1315 @entity1 . Moreover, our results suggest that these sites might be involved in the circuits that participate in clinical @entity410 .

title: Synchronization clusters of interictal activity in the lateral temporal cortex of epileptic XXXX : intraoperative electrocorticographic analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A birth involving @entity1266 can rapidly deteriorate-from a fetus with a reassuring tracing in the minutes before birth, to a neonate needing aggressive resuscitation. @entity1 experiencing a traumatic birth involving @entity1266 may be severely compromised, even when the preceding labor was uncomplicated. This paper presents two cases in which @entity1 had normal heart beats recorded 5-10min before birth and were born with @entity1167 following @entity1266 . Often, in cases of @entity1266 , @entity1 shift blood to the placenta due to the tight compressive squeeze of the body in the birth canal (along with @entity1745 ) and thereby may be born @entity3485 . Our hypothesis is that the occurrence of @entity1167 at birth is due to extreme @entity1457 secondary to the loss of blood. At birth, the sudden release of pressure on the @entity1 's body results in hypoperfusion resulting in low central circulation and blood pressure. Severe @entity1457 from these effects leads to @entity1164 . Immediate cord clamping maintains the @entity3485 state by preventing the physiologic and readily available placental blood from returning to the @entity1 . Loss of this blood initiates an inflammatory response leading to @entity410 , @entity2806 , and @entity75 or @entity204 . Animal studies have shown that @entity1 umbilical stem cells injected into a @entity35 's abdomen after induced @entity75 , can protect the @entity35 's brain from developing @entity130 . To prevent damage to newborns, the @entity1 must receive the blood volume and stem cells lost at the time of descent and immediate cord clamping. Recommended countermeasures for research include: (1) resuscitation at the perineum with intact cord; or (2) milking the cord before clamping; or (3) autologous transfusion of placenta blood after the birth; or (4) rapid transfusion of O negative blood after birth and before @entity410 begin.

title: XXXX at birth: Is @entity1457 the cause?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infant', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity1266 :: ('MESH:D004420', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dystocia']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cord compression']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac asystole', 'cardiac asystole']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['permanent injury']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiac asystole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Using 4-year nationwide population-based data for Taiwan, this study compared in-hospital surgical mortality rates with hospital volume for five @entity5 -related gastrointestinal resections. METHODS: The study sample was drawn from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 34,715 @entity1 , each of whom had undergone a @entity5 -related colectomy, gastrectomy, esophagectomy, pancreatic resection, or @entity409 between 2000 and 2003, were selected as the study sample. The outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. The study sample was categorized into five @entity1 groups for each procedure, and logistic regression analyses were performed for each procedure after adjustment for hospital and @entity1 characteristics to assess the independent association between hospital volume and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratios showed a steady decline in mortality rates for colectomy, gastrectomy, esophagectomy, and @entity409 with increasing hospital volume. The adjusted mortality odds for these four procedures in very-high-volume hospitals, relative to very-low-volume hospitals, ranged from .65 to .05. As regards pancreatic resection, after adjustment for @entity1 , clinical, and hospital factors, no statistically significant association was discernible between hospital volume and the likelihood of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: After adjustment for hospital and physician characteristics, in four of the five procedures, @entity1 treated at higher-volume hospitals had lower in-hospital mortality rates than those treated at lower-volume hospitals. Our findings confirm, for the most part, the hypothesis that better outcomes are associated with higher-volume hospitals.

title: Hospital volume and inpatient mortality after XXXX -related gastrointestinal resections: the experience of an Asian country.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lobectomy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few data are available regarding the incidence and significance of transient left ventricular (LV) dilation on stress sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which is different from @entity3154 studies because images are acquired late after tracer injection. METHODS: We studied 234 @entity1 with @entity741 and interpretable electrocardiograms undergoing stress-rest sestamibi SPECT on separate days. Sestamibi uptake defect extent was quantified on SPECT polar maps. Epicardial and endocardial transient dilation indexes (TDI) were also calculated. RESULTS: According to our normal TDI values, 148 @entity1 (63%) had no dilation and 86 @entity1 (37%) had abnormal endocardial TDI; a global @entity5988 ( @entity384 ) was observed in 19 @entity1 (8%). @entity308 was more frequent in @entity1 with transient @entity5988 (55%) than in those without (36%; P < .01), as were the extent of stress hypoperfusion (13% +/- 12% vs 6% +/- 7% in @entity1 with no dilation; P < .001) and the angiographic severity score (11.4 +/- 5.9 vs 9.2 +/- 3.7; P < .05). At multivariate analysis, stress hypoperfusion was the sole predictor of transient @entity5988 . CONCLUSIONS: Transient LV cavity dilation is frequent on stress sestamibi SPECT. @entity2554 is more common than global dilation and suggests @entity63 . It is related to a greater amount of jeopardized myocardium and is strongly associated with electro-cardiographic signs of @entity63 .

title: Transient XXXX at quantitative stress-rest sestamibi tomography: clinical, electrocardiographic, and angiographic correlates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment depression']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal endocardial and epicardial TDI']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular cavity dilation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity5988 :: (MESH:C565277,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dilation']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is useful for diagnosing @entity263 , it is a @entity158 procedure. There are many methods for providing @entity158 relief and for treating discomfort during the procedure, but occasionally these are reported to be of limited use. We aimed to evaluate the value and safety of @entity1363 -induced anesthetic transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2008 to December 2009, 104 male @entity1 , who were examined with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate 12-core biopsy, were randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1 (n=51) received @entity6058 (Tarasyn  ) 30 mg. Group 2 (n=53) was treated with @entity1363 (Dormicum  ) 3 mg, which was increased to 5 mg if necessary. Immediately after the procedure, the @entity1 were asked to rate their comfort level by using a 10-point visual analog self-assessment @entity158 scale. RESULTS: The @entity158 scale in group 2 was significantly lower than that in group 1 (p<0.05). The @entity1 assigned to group 2 experienced no side-effects from @entity1363 and were more satisfied than the @entity1 in group 1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1363 anesthesia relieves @entity158 effectively, and the @entity1 's satisfaction is better than with conventional transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. @entity1363 -induced anesthetic transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is useful and safe.

title: Value and Safety of XXXX Anesthesia during Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['Midazolam']


abstract: PURPOSE: We identified the @entity5450 seen in @entity1 with @entity1467 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the literature on @entity1467 and its associated genitourinary pathology. RESULTS: Associated defects have been reported throughout the genitourinary tract. The most common @entity8 seen are @entity8 , obstructive @entity3551 and glomerular microcysts. Decreased @entity1011 clearance has also been noted. @entity600 , such as megaureter and vesicoureteral reflux, have been reported. @entity409 and urinary retention have been found in these @entity1 . @entity340 and @entity2650 have also been seen. The testicular abnormalities most frequently reported are cryptorchidism, @entity5 and @entity249 . CONCLUSIONS: Improved understanding and identification of the various @entity5450 associated with @entity1467 will aid in the care of these @entity1 . In addition, an awareness of perioperative issues will further facilitate a smooth clinical course.

title: Urological manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypoplasia', 'renal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Dysfunctional voiding']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urological anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['Posterior urethral valves']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although various types of minimally invasive treatment have emerged as the best front-line therapies for @entity356 ( @entity356 ), there have been no established indications that these attempts are applicable. The purpose of this study was to propose indications for the application of minimally invasive therapy for @entity356 . METHODS: A total of 566 @entity1 with @entity356 who had undergone gastrectomy with D2 or more extended lymphadenectomy, from July 1993 to December 1997 were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors that determine lymph node @entity3 were investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The rate of lymph node @entity3 was 11.8% for all @entity356 , 3.4% for @entity1697 , and 21.0% for @entity5 . Lymph node @entity3 was associated with @entity3 , larger @entity5 size, undifferentiated histology, and the presence of lymphatic or blood vessel invasion (LBVI) by univariate and multivariate analyses. When LBVI was absent, there was no lymph node @entity3 if the @entity5 was smaller than 2.5 cm with differentiated histology, and smaller than 1.5 cm with undifferentiated histology, regardless of depth of invasion. Extra-perigastric lymph node @entity3 were noted in @entity1 with @entity5 that have LBVI while none of @entity1697 showed extra-perigastric lymph node @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive treatment can be possibly applied for @entity1 with @entity356 using these four independent risk factors for lymph node @entity3 in @entity356 . For @entity1697 , EMR is indicated for EGCs without lymph node involvement based on @entity5 size and histology. When we found LBVI by pathologic examination after EMR, gastrectomy with D1 lymph node dissection is mandatory. For @entity5 , @entity1 with small @entity5 could be treated with laparoscopic wedge resection without lymph node dissection. However, @entity1 with larger sized @entity5 or @entity5 with LBVI should be treated with extended (D2) lymph node dissection.

title: Application of minimally invasive treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal cancer', 'mucosal cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal tumors', 'submucosal cancers', 'submucosal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'submucosal invasion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['EGC', 'early gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['early gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity130 , particularly tooth @entity155 , is a frequent cause of @entity2524 in @entity1 , adolescents, and young adults. The @entity155 should be immediately reimplanted in its alveolus. This procedure can be performed by anyone at the accident site and not only by dental surgeons. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of sixth graders of the city of Ara  atuba, SP, about dental @entity155 and tooth reimplantation through a structured and standardized survey. Our sample consisted of 778 students. The data collected was processed using the program EPIINFO 2000. Most students were around 12 years of age and 94.5% related to practice some kind of sports. Results demonstrated that the possibility of tooth reimplantation after dental @entity155 is not acknowledged among these students and dental @entity130 was associated to caries, toothache, and use of orthodontic appliances. Only 18.9% of the students associated dental @entity130 to an impact @entity130 ; 3.6% would store the tooth in milk, and 3.1% believed the tooth could be reimplanted by anyone present at the accident site. In summary, the results show an overall the lack of knowledge about dental @entity130 and highlight the need of special programs designed to educate school-aged students about emergency procedures to handle cases of dental @entity130 .

title: Evaluation of sixth grade primary schoolchildren's knowledge about XXXX and dental reimplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsed tooth', 'avulsion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatism', 'Dental trauma', 'traumatisms', 'trauma']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This pilot study evaluated an innovative @entity6 symptom awareness and self-management educational program for Mexican Americans, a fast growing minority population experiencing a @entity6 . @entity1 with @entity6 need assistance interpreting and managing symptoms, which are often annoying and potentially life-threatening. A repeated measures randomized controlled trial was conducted with 72 Mexican Americans aged 25-75 years with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Experimental condition @entity1 received eight weekly, in-home, one-on-one educational and behavior modification sessions with a registered nurse focusing on symptom awareness, @entity413 self-testing and appropriate treatments, followed by eight biweekly support telephone sessions. Wait-listed control condition @entity1 served as comparisons at three time points. @entity3628 was used to evaluate the effects of the intervention between- and within groups on psychosocial, behavioral and clinical outcomes. @entity1 were predominantly female, middle-aged, moderately acculturated and in poor glycemic control. Experimental group @entity1 (n = 39) significantly improved glycemic control, blood pressure, symptoms, knowledge, self-efficacy, empowerment and quality of life. Post intervention focus groups reported satisfaction with the symptom focus. Addressing symptoms led to clinical and psychosocial improvements. Symptoms seem to be an important motivator and a useful prompt to engage @entity1 in @entity6 self-management behaviors to relieve symptoms and prevent complications.

title: Home-based XXXX symptom self-management education for Mexican Americans with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes epidemic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['Hierarchical linear modeling']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) scan is the criterion standard to rule out cervical spine (c-spine) injury after @entity130 . Many algorithms still include other tools to exclude @entity130 that often lead to unnecessary prolonged collar use. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of CT to rule out any clinically significant c-spine injury that would require intervention. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of a prospective study of @entity130 @entity1 between January 2008 and December 2012 at a Level 1 @entity130 center. For those @entity1 identified with @entity130 , further chart review was performed to determine how it was diagnosed and treated. RESULTS: A total of 5,676 @entity1 were identified. The median age was 39.0 years (18-103 years), median Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 15 (3-15), median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 5 (1-75), median length of stay was 2 days (1-175 days), and mortality was 2.6%. The incidence of any injury to the c-spine was 7.4% (420 of 5,676). The incidence of @entity174 was 7.2% (409 of 5,676), while that of @entity130 was 0.92% (52 of 5,676). Of the 52 @entity1 with @entity130 , 20 (38.4%) were suspected by CT. However, for those that were not suspected, all had associated @entity174 identified by CT, requiring further interventions. Hence, CT had a 100% sensitivity and specificity in ruling out c-spine injuries. CONCLUSION: CT scan of the c-spine is an excellent tool to rule out c-spine injury. For @entity1 with a normal CT finding of the c-spine, no further imaging is necessary, and collars should be cleared as soon as possible. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, level II; diagnostic study, level II.

title: Computed tomographic scan: It's not just about the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligamentous injuries', 'ligamentous injury', 'blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Most newborn mammals, including @entity1 , are susceptible to @entity4053 shortly after birth, especially if fasted. Glycogenolysis provides short term benefit, but gluconeogenesis is required for @entity413 homeostasis at this stage of development. A functional @entity1636 is essential for @entity413 homeostasis in adults, but little is known of the importance of this endocrine axis in this regard during the neonatal period. The neonatal @entity35 is an excellent model for study of both @entity413 metabolism and the HPA, and shares many similarities with other mammals. For the first 2 weeks of postnatal life, the @entity35 HPA appears to be relatively unresponsive to stress, however, which would seem maladaptive during the critical first 24 h. The present study examined the ability of day-old @entity35 to respond to @entity4053 with activation of the HPA system. Each of three doses of insulin resulted in @entity4053 ( @entity413 , less than 40 mg/dl), with the greatest decrease in @entity413 120 min after an insulin dose of 2.5 U/kg BW. At this dose, plasma @entity2819 was increased to levels comparable to those observed in adults. The @entity134 response was associated with a small but significant increase in ACTH, and both endocrine responses were delayed compared to those in adults. There was no difference in adrenal response time to ACTH in incubations of adrenal cells isolated from day-old or adult @entity35 , however. The stimulatory effect of insulin was progressively diminished in older animals (2-6 days postnatal). Insulin had no direct effect on adrenal steroidogenesis either alone or in combination with ACTH when tested on dispersed cells in vitro. We conclude that 1) the adrenal gland is very sensitive to the stress of @entity4053 for 1 day after birth, but rapidly declines in activity over the first 6 days of life; 2) the response time of the @entity1636 to @entity4053 stress is delayed in day-old @entity35 , and this delay occurs above the level of the adrenal; and 3) there may be factors in addition to ACTH that promote steroidogenesis on the first postnatal day, or there may be bioactive or immunoreactive differences in the ACTH molecule during this time.

title: Activation of the @entity1636 in day-old @entity35 by insulin-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'neonatal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study investigated the efficacy, safety, and utility of starting an alpha(1d)-selective antagonist, @entity22776 , at 75 or 25 mg/day in @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). METHODS: In this prospective comparative study, the subjects comprised 153 @entity1 with LUTS associated with @entity1067 . @entity1 were randomized to receive either 25 mg/day (Group LD) or 75 mg/day (Group @entity2033 ) of @entity22776 for 4 weeks. The lower urinary tract disease symptom score (LUTDSS), the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the Quality of life assessment index, the maximum flow rate (Q(max)), and the residual urine volume were compared between the groups. RESULTS: In both groups, the LUTDSS and the IPSS were significantly improved at the endpoint and no significant intergroup differences were identified. However, the improvement in the Q(max) was significantly better for Group @entity2033 than for Group LD. The overall efficacy did not differ significantly between the groups. The degree of improvement in voiding symptoms and LUTDSS among @entity1 with moderate symptoms was significantly greater for Group @entity2033 than for Group LD. The frequency of adverse reactions did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Starting administration at 75 mg/day rather than 25mg/day is helpful for LUTS associated with @entity1067 for @entity1 with moderate symptoms, particularly in improving voiding symptoms. The 75 mg/day administration was considered to be a recommendable therapeutic dose in some @entity1 .

title: Comparison of 25 and 75 mg/day @entity22776 for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with XXXX : a prospective, randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity22776 :: ('MESH:C064357', 'Chemical') :: ['naftopidil']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: The study purpose was to evaluate sleep structure following Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) in 15 @entity1 with therapy resistant @entity302 and to correlate possible alterations with changes in @entity302 and clinical effects. Fifteen @entity1 were examined with ambulatory polysomnographic recordings initially, and after 3 and 9 months of VNS-treatment. Sleep parameters, all-night delta power activity and movement times (MTs), used to account for arousals were estimated. Epileptiform activity was evaluated by spike detection. @entity410 frequency was recorded in a diary. The severity of the @entity410 was scored with the National Hospital @entity410 Severity Scale (NHS3). Quality of life (QOL) was assessed by a visual analogue scale. Behaviour problems were quantified by using the total score of the @entity1 Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). VNS induces a significant increase in @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and a @entity25 and in stage 1 sleep. The number and density of MTs during total night sleep were significantly increased. There was also a significant increase in the number of MTs immediately related to the VNS stimulation periods. Of the 14 @entity1 with increased MTs, 10 had a reduction in @entity302 , and in clinical @entity410 , all had an improvement in NHS3, and 11 in QOL. Of the 10 @entity1 with increased @entity25 , eight also improved in QOL and eight in behaviour. Our findings indicate that VNS counteracts known adverse effects of @entity302 on sleep and @entity25 . This possibly contributes to the reported improvement in well-being. We also see an increase in MTs. This arousal effect seems to be of minor importance for QOL and could possibly be related to the antiepileptic mechanisms in VNS.

title: Beneficial effects on sleep of vagus nerve stimulation in @entity1 with therapy resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['increases slow wave sleep', 'slow wave sleep', 'SWS', 'decrease in sleep latency']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) treatment prior to gut @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) reportedly preserves gut @entity2041 levels and gut barrier function. We hypothesized that intraluminal @entity7647 during @entity63 would also protect against gut I/R. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After randomization to control and @entity7647 groups, @entity19 were exposed to 75 min ( @entity46491 ) or 50 min ( @entity46492 ) gut I/R. One mL of 2% @entity7647 solution was injected into the duodenal lumen at the onset of @entity63 in the @entity7647 group, whereas controls were given normal saline. In experiment 1, survival was monitored for 120 h (n = 38). In experiment 2, blood, small intestine, and liver samples were collected at 4 h after reperfusion (n = 13). Expressions of @entity4459 and @entity3804 on myeloid cells were measured. Reactive @entity26 intermediate production by myeloid cells was determined with or without @entity4514 stimulation. @entity2041 levels in the small intestine and liver were also evaluated. In experiment 3, hemodynamic parameters were measured before and after I/R (n = 6). RESULTS: In experiment 1, survival time in the @entity7647 group was reduced compared with the control group. In experiment 2, @entity7647 increased expression of @entity3804 and reactive @entity26 intermediate with @entity4514 , compared with controls. There were no significant differences in gut or liver @entity2041 levels between the two groups. In experiment 3, the @entity7647 group showed a transient but significant @entity551 after reperfusion compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Intraluminal @entity7647 during severe gut @entity63 worsens outcomes, possibly by enhancing circulating myeloid cell priming and activation, and by disturbing hemodynamics, without increasing organ @entity2041 levels.

title: Intraluminal @entity1160 administration during XXXX worsens survival after gut @entity63 -reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in systolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of Candida @entity5645 . within different age groups and different contraceptive methods users in @entity1 with @entity1109 . The study included 569 female outpatients who had visited the Education and Research Hospital of Mustafa Kemal University, @entity233 , between Jaunary 2004 and June 2005. Among 569 @entity1 with symptoms of @entity15231 , 240 (42.2%) were positive for Candida @entity5645 ., of which 106 (44.2%) were @entity5132 and 134 (55.8%) were non-albicans @entity5645 . The age group 26-30 y had the highest frequency of Candida @entity5645 . (23.7%). Candida @entity5645 . were isolated from 44.2% of contraceptive method users, and 37.9% of non-contraceptive users (p>0.05). The isolation rate of @entity5132 was higher among oral-contraceptive users (57.5%) than IUCD users (38.5%), coitus interruptus (48.5%) and condom users (42.8%). These results indicate that factors associated with age and contraceptive method used may influence the occurrence and distribution of Candida @entity5645 . in @entity1 with @entity1109 .

title: Distribution of Candida species in @entity1 with XXXX and their association with different ages and contraceptive methods.

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity15231 :: ('MESH:D014848', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginitis']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['vulvovaginal symptoms']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prolonged physical exertion and environmental heat stress may elicit postexercise @entity308 of immune cell function, @entity1729 (URTI) susceptibility. We investigated the effects of acute and short-term @entity620 (VC) compared with placebo (PL) supplementation on URTI susceptibility, salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA), and @entity701 responses in healthy individuals following prolonged exercise-heat stress. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 were randomized into the VC or PL group in a double-blind design. For 12 days, @entity1 consumed 3x500 mg tablets of VC or PL per day, with testing completed at baseline, then following acute (1 d) and short-term (8 d) supplementation. @entity1 performed 120.1+/-49.6 min of cycling at 54+/-6% VO2max in a hot (34.8+/-1.0 degrees C and 13+/-3% relative humidity) environment, with saliva samples collected at pre-, post-, and 72 h postexercise. Health logs specifying URTI symptoms were completed for 7 days postexercise. RESULTS: A 2x3x3 mixed ANOVA with a post hoc Bonferroni correction factor revealed a significant linear trend in postexercise @entity701 attenuation in the VC group, 21.7+/-15.1 nmol/L (mean+/-SD) at baseline, to 13.5+/-10.0 at acute, to 7.6+/-4.2 after short term (P=.032). No differences were detected in ratio of s-IgA to protein or URTI symptoms between groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity620 supplementation can decrease postexercise @entity701 in individuals performing exercise similar to that of a half-marathon or marathon in hot conditions. However, no changes in s-IgA and URTI were evident, possibly due to previous moderate training and reduced physical and psychological stress compared with athletes participating in ultramarathons.

title: XXXX supplementation and salivary immune function following exercise-heat stress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['increasing upper respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin C']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is debatable whether pediatric @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) should be treated as adults. Several indexes to classify @entity2758 have been proposed in the literature, and most try to predict the outcome for each specific treatment. The indexes differ in the variables considered, but they are all based in adult populations. In this study, we analyzed the variables that influence the obliteration time and probability of occurrence in a Mexican pediatric population diagnosed with an @entity7026 and treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). METHODS: We analyzed 45 pediatric @entity1 (<18 years) with a minimum follow-up of 10 months and a maximum of 112 months. We used logistic regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves to evaluate the influence of age, @entity7026 volume, prescribed dose, minimum dose, maximum dose, time of follow-up, sex, previous @entity548 , venous drainage, treatment technique, previous treatment and location. We also evaluated the predictive power of the following indexes: Spetzler-Martin, RBAS, or K index dose deviation. RESULTS: We found that the radiation technique used may influence the obliteration occurrence (p=0.057). The data suggests that circular arcs are a more efficient treatment technique than dynamic arcs. However, no relationship of dose or volume with treatment technique could be found. Obliteration was also dependent on follow-up time and after three years of follow-up, the obliteration probability decreases (p=0.024). According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the nidus obliteration time was related with the location according to the Spetzler-Martin index. If the nidus was located in a non-eloquent region, there was a tendency of a shorter obliteration time (p=0.071). CONCLUSION: None of the previously proposed indexes for adults predict obliteration in this pediatric population. Treatment technique, eloquence and follow up time were the only variables that showed influence in obliteration. Since the highest probability of obliteration occurs during the first three years, if the nidus has not been obliterated after this time then another treatment option could be considered.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for pediatric XXXX with @entity7026 : variables that may affect obliteration time and probability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'AVMs']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity5962 is a transmembrane protein that is essential in @entity460 -dependent cell-cell recognition and adhesion. It contains five independently folded globular domains in its extracellular region. Each domain has a seven-strand beta-sheet immunoglobulin fold. Short seven-residue peptide segments connect the globular domains and provide oxygens to chelate @entity460 ions at the interface between the domains (Nagar et al., Nature 1995;380:360-364). Recently, stability studies of ECAD2 (Prasad et al., Biochemistry 2004;43:8055-8066) were undertaken with the motivation that Domain 2 is a representative domain for this family of proteins. The definition of a domain boundary is somewhat arbitrary; hence, it was important to examine the effect of the adjoining linker regions that connect Domain 2 to the adjacent domains. Present studies employ temperature-denaturation and proteolytic susceptibility to provide insight into the impact of these linkers on Domain 2. The significant findings of our present study are threefold. First, the linker segments destabilize the core domain in the absence of @entity460 . Second, the destabilization due to addition of the linker segments can be partially reversed by the addition of @entity460 . Third, @entity2827 stabilizes all constructs. This result implies that electrostatic repulsion is a contributor to destabilization of the core domain by addition of the linkers. Thus, the context of Domain 2 within the whole molecule affects its thermodynamic characteristics.

title: Effect of linker segments on the stability of XXXX Domain 2.

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity5962 :: ('999', 'Gene') :: ['Epithelial cadherin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['epithelial cadherin']


abstract: The expression of @entity23376 ( @entity23376 ) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was studied in 22 @entity977 and 2 normal anterior @entity4611 . Northern blot analysis revealed that @entity23376 mRNA were expressed in all 14 GH-producing @entity652 , 1 of 3 ACTH-producing @entity652 , the 1 PRL-producing @entity652 , 2 of 4 nonfunctioning @entity652 , and the 2 normal anterior @entity4611 . Their expression levels varied among GH-producing @entity652 and were relatively low in GH-nonproducing @entity652 . In addition to the major transcript with a molecular mass of 2.0 kilobases (kb), the transcripts were identified at 2.8 and 4.5 kb in some GH-producing @entity652 . To examine the structural variations in @entity23376 mRNA in @entity977 , we amplified the complementary DNA fragment encompassing the region from the third cytoplasmic loop to the sixth transmembrane domain of @entity23376 . This region was selected because this region of the G protein-coupled receptor has been known to interact with G protein. Two amplified fragments with the molecular masses of 250 and 810 base pairs were identified by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method. The @entity377 sequence of a smaller fragment, which was the expected size, revealed that no mutations were found in this region in 10 GH-producing @entity652 examined. However, a larger fragment contained the currently unidentified insertion. Compared with the genomic DNA sequence, this insertion was found to be generated through alternative splicing. In addition, this variant form contained the premature stop codon in-frame, indicating that it encodes the truncated @entity23376 . This insertion-specific probe could hybridize with 2.8- and 4.5-kb species of @entity23376 mRNA on Northern blot analysis, and these transcripts were expressed mainly in GH-producing @entity652 . Finally, study of cell transfection and @entity268 measurement revealed that this truncated @entity23376 was unable to transmit @entity7704 signals. These results suggest that some GH-producing @entity652 preferentially express the truncated @entity23376 as a nonfunctioning receptor through alternative splicing.

title: Identification of alternatively spliced messenger ribonucleic acid encoding truncated XXXX in human @entity977 .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitaries']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity23376 :: (2692,Gene) :: ['growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Collectrin is an orphan member of the renin-angiotensin system and is a homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, sharing    50% sequence identity. Unlike angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, collectrin lacks any catalytic domain. Collectrin has been shown to function as a chaperone of @entity535 transporters. In rodents, the renal expression of collectrin is increased after subtotal nephrectomy and during high-salt feeding, raising the question of whether collectrin has any direct role in blood pressure regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a susceptible genetic background, we demonstrate that deletion of collectrin results in @entity101 , exaggerated salt sensitivity, and impaired pressure natriuresis. Collectrin knockout @entity19 display impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation that is associated with vascular remodeling, endothelial @entity842 synthase uncoupling, decreased @entity842 production, and increased @entity224 generation. Treatment with @entity11933 , a @entity224 scavenger, attenuates the augmented @entity1372 sensitivity in collectrin knockout @entity19 . We report for the first time that collectrin is expressed in endothelial cells. Furthermore, collectrin directly regulates @entity534 uptake and plasma membrane levels of @entity53130 and @entity62746 @entity535 transporters in endothelial cells. Treatment with @entity534 modestly lowers blood pressure of collectrin knockout @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Collectrin is a consequential link between the transport of @entity534 and endothelial @entity842 synthase uncoupling in @entity101 .

title: Loss of collectrin, an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 homolog, uncouples endothelial @entity842 synthase and causes XXXX and vascular dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['l-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Although growing evidence points to highly indolent behavior of encapsulated follicular variant of @entity3557 (EFVPTC), most @entity1 with EFVPTC are treated as having conventional @entity259 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical outcomes, refine diagnostic criteria, and develop a nomenclature that appropriately reflects the biological and clinical characteristics of EFVPTC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : International, multidisciplinary, retrospective study of @entity1 with thyroid nodules diagnosed as EFVPTC, including 109 @entity1 with noninvasive EFVPTC observed for 10 to 26 years and 101 @entity1 with invasive EFVPTC observed for 1 to 18 years. Review of digitized histologic slides collected at 13 sites in 5 countries by 24 thyroid pathologists from 7 countries. A series of teleconferences and a face-to-face conference were used to establish consensus diagnostic criteria and develop new nomenclature. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Frequency of adverse outcomes, including death from disease, distant or locoregional metastases, and structural or biochemical recurrence, in @entity1 with noninvasive and invasive EFVPTC diagnosed on the basis of a set of reproducible histopathologic criteria. RESULTS: Consensus diagnostic criteria for EFVPTC were developed by 24 thyroid pathologists. All of the 109 @entity1 with noninvasive EFVPTC (67 treated with only lobectomy, none received radioactive @entity1496 ablation) were alive with no evidence of disease at final follow-up (median [range], 13 [10-26] years). An adverse event was seen in 12 of 101 (12%) of the cases of invasive EFVPTC, including 5 @entity1 developing distant metastases, 2 of whom died of disease. Based on the outcome information for noninvasive EFVPTC, the name "noninvasive @entity259 with papillary-like nuclear features" (NIFTP) was adopted. A simplified diagnostic nuclear scoring scheme was developed and validated, yielding a sensitivity of 98.6% (95% CI, 96.3%-99.4%), specificity of 90.1% (95% CI, 86.0%-93.1%), and overall classification accuracy of 94.3% (95% CI, 92.1%-96.0%) for NIFTP. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: @entity259 currently diagnosed as noninvasive EFVPTC have a very low risk of adverse outcome and should be termed NIFTP. This reclassification will affect a large population of @entity1 worldwide and result in a significant reduction in psychological and clinical consequences associated with the diagnosis of @entity5 .

title: Nomenclature Revision for Encapsulated Follicular Variant of @entity3557 : A Paradigm Shift to Reduce Overtreatment of Indolent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['follicular thyroid neoplasm', 'thyroid cancer', 'Thyroid tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) stimulates immunity via recruitment of antigen presenting cells and @entity5 specific T-cell stimulation. Albumin-bound @entity1311 (nab- @entity1311 ) followed by @entity2841 may enhance antitumor responses and prolong remissions in @entity43 . Immune phenotypes present before treatment may identify responders to chemo-immunotherapy. METHODS: Recurrent @entity902 -resistant ovarian, peritoneal, or @entity6887 @entity1 received nab- @entity1311 , 100mg/m(2) days 1, 8, 15 followed by @entity2841 250 g days 16-26 every 28days for 6 planned cycles. The primary endpoint was remission duration compared to immediate prior remission. Peripheral blood was evaluated by flow cytometry and interferon-y ELISPOT. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 were enrolled. Six @entity1 (29%) achieved a biochemical complete response and 9 (43%) a partial response for an overall response rate of 72%. Median time to progression was 4months and 10% of @entity1 achieved longer remissions than the immediate prior regimen. Median overall survival (OS) was 16.8months. Fewer myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) at enrollment significantly associated with complete response (p=0.05). T-cell responses to @entity2856 -p1332-1346 (r=0.827, p=0.0003) and @entity2856 -p1242-1256 (r=0.850, p=0.0001) during treatment correlated with time to progression. CONCLUSIONS: Nab- @entity1311 combined with @entity2841 demonstrated biochemical responses in a majority of @entity1 , although responses were not sustained. This combination did not demonstrate an advantage in OS over prior studies of nab- @entity1311 monotherapy. Agents that modulate MDSC should be studied as potential adjuvants to therapy. Strategies to expand T cells recognizing @entity5 -associated antigens biologically significant in @entity43 should also continue to be investigated.

title: Phase II trial of albumin-bound XXXX and @entity2841 as an immune modulator in recurrent @entity902 resistant @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity6887 :: ('MESH:D005185', 'Disease') :: ['fallopian tube cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: A simple and rapid new dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique (DLLME) coupled with gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS) was developed for the extraction and analysis of @entity21750 herbicides from water samples. In this method, a mixture of 12.0 microL @entity30170 (extraction solvent) and 1.00 mL @entity1324 (disperser solvent) is rapidly injected by syringe into the 5.00 mL water sample containing 4% (w/v) @entity2827 . In this process, @entity25730 in the water sample are extracted into the fine droplets of @entity30170 . After centrifuging for 5 min at 6000 rpm, the fine droplets of @entity30170 are sedimented in the bottom of the conical test tube (8.0+/-0.3 microL). The settled phase (2.0 microL) is collected and injected into the GC-MS for separation and determination of @entity25730 . Some important parameters, viz, type of extraction solvent, identity and volume of disperser solvent, extraction time, and salt effect, which affect on DLLME were studied. Under optimum conditions the enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were high and ranged between 151-722 and 24.2-115.6%, respectively. The linear range was wide (0.2-200 microg L(-1)) and the limits of detection were between 0.021 and 0.12 microg L(-1) for most of the analytes. The @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) for 5.00 microg L(-1) of @entity25730 in water were in the range of 1.36-8.67%. The performance of the method was checked by analysis of river and tap water samples, and the relative recoveries of @entity25730 from river and tap water at a spiking level of 5.0 microg L(-1) were 85.2-114.5% and 87.8-119.4%, respectively. This method was also compared with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and hollow fiber protected liquid-phase microextraction (HFP-LPME) methods. DLLME is a very simple and rapid method, requiring less than 3 min. It also has high enrichment factors and recoveries for the extraction of @entity25730 from water.

title: Determination of XXXX herbicides in aqueous samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity21750 :: ('CHEBI:38056', 'Chemical') :: ['triazine']

entities_list: @entity30170 :: ('MESH:C031294', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['relative standard deviations', 'RSDs']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity25730 :: ('MESH:D014227', 'Chemical') :: ['triazines']

answer: @entity21750 :: (CHEBI:38056,Chemical) :: ['triazine']


abstract: Polymorphic variants on chromosomes are considered 'normal', as heterochromatin has no coding potential and nucleolar organizing regions (NOR) contain genes coding for rRNA. Variants have been reported in @entity7992 . With refined molecular techniques, genes for fertility and viability are now thought to reside in heterochromatin. DNA sequence analysis of @entity1 chromosome 9 has shown that it is highly structurally polymorphic, with many intrachromosomal and interchromosomal duplications, and contains the largest autosomal block of heterochromatin. Transcriptional activation of constitutive heterochromatic domains of the @entity1 genome in response to environmental stress was reported recently. @entity1457 triggers the assembly of nuclear stress bodies on the pericentromeric heterochromatin of @entity1 chromosomes including chromosome 9. These are characterized by an epigenetic status typical of euchromatic regions. On acrocentric chromosomes, NOR-associated protein count and morphology was reported to separate benign and @entity5 . Hence all variants may not be 'normal'. The present study of karyotyping 842 individuals attending an IVF clinic with primary @entity249 or repeated miscarriages, showed polymorphic variants in 28.82% of males and 17.19% of females, which was quite high. It is suggested that variants should not be ignored by cytogeneticists. Screening prospective gamete donors for chromosome variants may help enhance the success of IVF.

title: Polymorphic variants on chromosomes probably play a significant role in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity7992 :: ('MESH:D000026', 'Disease') :: ['infertility and recurrent abortions']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: AIMS: Report weight change baseline up to 12-15 months in @entity4480 -treated @entity1 during clinical trials of chronic @entity158 conditions of @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity239 , @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) and @entity1118 as a result of @entity571 . METHODS: Weight change data from 16 @entity4480 studies in chronic @entity158 conditions were pooled by @entity158 and duration, creating 10 datasets. Datasets included placebo-controlled, open-label and routine-care-controlled designs. Assessments included mean weight change from baseline, baseline body mass index category, @entity922 ( @entity922 ) weight change and weight-related treatment-emergent adverse events. RESULTS: Total number of @entity1 was 5111 with mean baseline weight ranging from 70 to 97 kg. All @entity4480 groups had significant mean @entity353 compared with placebo at acute phase completion (p  <= 0.001). In studies > 3 months, @entity1 from @entity239 and @entity1643 studies had overall mean weight increase (up to 1.1 kg), whereas @entity1 in @entity9 studies had overall mean @entity353 (-0.33 to -1.7 kg) at end-point. Overall, the percentage of @entity1 with @entity922 weight gain was 0.4-16% and @entity922 @entity353 was 2.5-9.9%. DISCUSSION: Weight change data in clinical trials of @entity1 with @entity239 or @entity1643 treated with @entity4480 for up to 15 months were consistent with data reported in 10 clinical trials of @entity1 with @entity308 ( @entity308 ) using @entity4480 up to 52 weeks. @entity1 with @entity9 had @entity353 at end-point. CONCLUSION: Mean weight changes and percentages of @entity1 with @entity922 @entity353 and weight gain observed in @entity9 , @entity239 and @entity1643 with long-term @entity4480 treatment were consistent with those reported previously for @entity308 studies.

title: Weight change with long-term XXXX use in chronic @entity158 conditions: an analysis of 16 clinical studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'CLBP']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain condition', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic knee pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['DPNP', 'diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['PCS', 'potentially clinically significant']

answer: @entity4480 :: (MESH:C058218,Chemical) :: ['duloxetine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 with metastatic germ-cell @entity5 are cured with chemotherapy. However, the optimum chemotherapy regimen is uncertain, and there is variation in international practice. We did a multicentre randomised trial to compare two standard chemotherapy regimens for @entity1 with good-prognosis germ-cell @entity5 . METHODS: Good prognosis was defined by modified Memorial Sloan-Kettering criteria. The first regimen (regimen A) was based on treatment recommendations from Indiana University and comprised three cycles of 20 mg/m2 @entity900 on days 1-5, 100 mg/m2 etoposide on days 1-5, and 30 kU @entity1732 on days 1, 8, and 15, repeated every 21 days. The second regimen (regimen B) was based on the control regimen of a published randomised clinical trial and comprised four cycles of 100 mg/m2 @entity900 on day 1, 120 mg/m2 etoposide on days 1-3, and 30 kU @entity1732 on day 1, repeated every 21 days. The primary outcome measure was overall survival. Analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: 166 @entity1 were randomised, 83 to each regimen. The trial was stopped when the second planned interim analysis met predefined stopping rules. The median follow-up was 33 months. Overall survival was substantially better with regimen A (three vs 13 @entity204 , hazard ratio 0.22 [95% CI 0.06-0.77], p=0.008). This difference was due to @entity204 from @entity5 (one vs nine), and not @entity204 from treatment (two vs two) and remained significant after adjustment for other prognostic factors (0.25 [0.07-0.88], p=0.03). INTERPRETATION: In @entity1 with good-prognosis germ-cell @entity5 , the regimen developed at Indiana University is superior to the alternative regimen studied in this trial. The lower total dose and dose-intensity of @entity1732 and the lower dose-intensity of @entity2879 in regimen B could be responsible for the worse outcome.

title: Comparison of two standard chemotherapy regimens for good-prognosis germ-cell XXXX : a randomised trial. Australian and New Zealand Germ Cell Trial Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']