abstract: PURPOSE: This phase I/II study sought to determine the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination of @entity3446 , an @entity3470 inhibitor, with short-course radiotherapy in @entity5 patients. Antitumor activity, changes in metabolic activity and perfusion on imaging, and changes in phosphorylation status of the @entity3470 pathway were also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with primary resectable @entity5 were treated with short-course hypofractionated radiotherapy (5*5Gy) combined with oral @entity3446 1week before and during radiotherapy, followed by surgical resection. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were entered in phase I. One @entity1 developed a dose-limiting @entity137 , consisting of a grade 4 leak and grade 4 @entity548 . Because of an unexpected high rate of grade 3 postoperative @entity137 , it was decided to treat @entity1 with delayed surgery in phase II. Primary endpoint for phase II was @entity5 blood flow (K(trans)) assessed by perfusion CT. Thirty-one @entity1 were treated with the MTD of 6mg @entity3446 daily. One @entity1 (3%) developed a pathological complete response (pCR) and 3 @entity1 (10%) had a ypT1N0 @entity5 at the time of resection. No change in @entity5 perfusion was observed on perfusion CT, but a significant decrease of metabolic activity was found on PET-scan. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of short-course radiotherapy and @entity3446 turned out to be feasible, provided that the interval between neo-adjuvant treatment and surgical resection is at least 6weeks. Although from this cohort no clear increase in pCR could be observed, a clear metabolic response after @entity3446 run-in was observed, indicating a biological activity of this drug in @entity5 .

title: A phase I-II study on the combination of XXXX and short course radiotherapy in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical treatment of @entity3123 . METHODS: 101 @entity1 with @entity3123 admitted from 1995 to 2002 were studied retrospectively. Of 83 @entity1 undergoing surgery, 56 (64.5%) were subjected to @entity5 resection. Whipple's procedure was performed in 48 @entity1 , extended regional pancreatectomy and autograft intestinal transplantation in 2, combined resection of @entity3123 in 6, and 27 @entity1 with unresectable @entity3123 were given inner drainage. RESULTS: Wound dehiscence and digestive bleeding were found in one @entity1 respectively. @entity3472 was found in one @entity1 undergoing extended regional pancreatectomy and autograft intestinal transplantation. Other @entity1 recovered uneventfully. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with @entity3123 could undergo @entity5 resection. Blood vessel repair or transplantation can be used if the @entity5 adherent to the superior mesenteric-portal vein. Extended regional pancreatectomy and autograft intestinal transplantation are feasible. Simple inner drainage should be used in the @entity1 whose @entity5 is unresectable.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma', 'pancreatic body or tail carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: Agents that activate @entity268 -dependent protein kinase (PKA) as well as agents that increase intracellular @entity460 induce the expression of certain immediate early genes (IEGs). Recently, it has been demonstrated that the same cis-acting element in the 5' region of the @entity5019 gene has the ability to mediate both @entity268 - and @entity460 -induced @entity5019 expression in PC12 cells (Sheng, M., McFadden, G., and Greenberg, M. (1990) Neuron 4, 571-582). Here we demonstrate that both @entity268 - and @entity460 -mediated induction of @entity5019 and @entity11970 are dependent on PKA activity. Addition of either depolarizing concentrations of @entity4338 or the @entity460 ionophore, @entity1360 , to PC12 cells increased the expression of both @entity5019 and @entity11970 , but these inductions were dramatically reduced in three @entity1131 cell lines, 123.7, AB.11, and A126-1B2. Furthermore, pretreatment of PC12 cells with 20 microM H89, a specific inhibitor of PKA, inhibited @entity1928 , @entity8279 , and @entity4338 -induced @entity5019 and @entity11970 induction, while having no effect on NGF induction. Likewise, in the @entity1131 cells, NGF or an activator of protein kinase C induced @entity5019 and @entity11970 normally. To determine if @entity1131 modifies the ability of @entity141 to activate @entity460 -dependent kinases, autophosphorylation of multifunctional @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) in response to @entity141 influx was determined. In parental PC12 cells, PC12 cells pretreated with H89, and @entity1131 cell lines, CaM kinase was activated equivalently in response to @entity4338 depolarization. These results suggest that PKA is not required for @entity141 -induced increase in CaM kinase activity and that the induction of IEGs in response to @entity141 influx is PKA-dependent. Thus, the requirement for PKA resides at a point distal to the activation of calmodulin-dependent processes.

title: Induction of immediate early genes by @entity141 influx requires XXXX -dependent protein kinase in PC12 cells.

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['PKA-deficient', 'PKA deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: Objective: To report the incidence, patterns of care, and outcomes of oligometastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) in a rural practice setting in Norway. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of all @entity1 with stage IV @entity1149 at the initial diagnosis who received active treatment in the central part of Nordland, a rural county in northern Norway, during the period of 2006-2012. We analyzed overall survival and prognostic factors. Results: The initial study population included 113 @entity1 with stage IV disease who received active therapy; of these, 23 (20%) had oligometastatic spread (a maximum of 3 @entity3 to 1 organ). The median age was 71 years. Of the 23 @entity1 , 16 (70%) did not receive radical or at least moderately aggressive local treatment for their thoracic disease. Of the remaining 7 @entity1 , 4 (17.4%) did not receive systemic therapy. The median actuarial survival was 5.6 months in @entity1 with more advanced @entity3 and 11.7 months in those with oligometastases (p = 0.03). Significant differences were also seen between the 2 oligometastatic @entity1 groups with and without more intense thoracic treatment (median 19.7 vs. 7.6 months, p = 0.004). Further significant predictors of survival in @entity1 with oligometastases were nodal stage (p = 0.028) and @entity353 (p = 0.045). Trends were seen for T stage (p = 0.058) and performance status (p = 0.07). Conclusion: Oligometastatic @entity1149 was diagnosed in a relevant proportion of @entity1 ; therefore, warranting prospective studies are recommended. Such studies are also needed to confirm the treatment-dependent survival differences observed in our @entity1 population.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Oligometastatic XXXX : A Significant Entity outside of Specialized Cancer Centers?

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to investigate regional fundus pulsations in @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) @entity1 with subretinal neovascular membranes. METHODS: Local @entity3217 ( @entity3217 ) were measured in 12 @entity1 with @entity1020 with classic neovascular membranes. Measurements were performed directly on the membrane and adjacent to the membrane. @entity3217 were assessed with a recently developed laser interferometric method. FPA measurements were performed in 12 healthy subjects at similar posterior pole locations. RESULTS: In @entity1020 @entity1 @entity3217 were consistently lower when measured directly on the neovascular membrane ("inside") than at measurement sites around the membrane ("outside"). The difference in FPA was 26 +/- 3% (mean +/- SEM, range 13-40%, P < 0.0001). In healthy subjects, however, @entity3217 were significantly higher at the measurement points corresponding to "inside" points (15 +/- 4%, P < 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that @entity3217 are reduced at classic neovascular membranes in @entity1 with @entity1020 . The mechanism behind this finding remains unclear. Hence, future studies have to ascertain whether this observation is associated with changes in fundus layers or with local choroidal perfusion abnormalities.

title: Topical fundus pulsation measurements in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['fundus pulsation amplitudes', 'FPAs']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: The focal adhesion kinases, @entity2305 and @entity1521 -rich kinase 2 ( @entity46363 ), are involved in numerous processes as adhesion, cytoskeletal changes, and growth. These kinases have 45% homology and share three @entity669 phosphorylation (TyrP) sites. Little information exists on the ability of stimulants to cause TyrP of each kinase site and the cellular mechanism involved. We explored the ability of the neurotransmitter/hormone, @entity6140 , to stimulate TyrP at each site. In @entity35 pancreatic acini, @entity6140 stimulated TyrP at each site in both kinases. TyrP was rapid except for p @entity63957 . The magnitude of TyrP differed with the different @entity2305 and @entity46363 sites. The @entity6140 dose-response curve for TyrP for sites in each kinase was similar. @entity6140 -JMV, an agonist of the high affinity receptor state and antagonist of the low affinity receptor state, was less efficacious than @entity6140 at each @entity2305 / @entity46363 site and inhibited @entity6140 maximal stimulation. @entity2426 decreased @entity6140 -stimulated TyrP of pY402PYK2 and pY925FAK but not the other sites. @entity11009 reduced TyrP of only the @entity46363 sites, pY402 and pY580. @entity11009 with @entity2426 decreased TyrP of pY402PYK2 and the three @entity2305 sites more than either inhibitor alone. Basal TyrP of pY397FAK was greater than other sites. These results demonstrate that @entity6140 stimulates @entity669 phosphorylation of each of the three homologous phosphorylation sites in @entity2305 and @entity46363 . However, @entity6140 -stimulated TyrP at these sites differs in kinetics, magnitude, and participation of the high/low affinity receptor states and by protein kinase C and [ @entity141 ]i. These results show that phosphorylation of these different sites is differentially regulated and involves different intracellular mechanisms in the same cell.

title: Phosphospecific site XXXX phosphorylation of @entity2305 and @entity1521 -rich kinase 2 is differentially regulated by cholecystokinin receptor type A activation in pancreatic acini.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['Thapsigargin', 'thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity63957 :: ('p|SUB|Y|397|FAK', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Y397FAK']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: @entity18076 expression is dysregulated in various @entity5 and may predict the survival of @entity1 with @entity5 , although the results of different studies conflict. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to resolve this discrepancy. We queried the PubMed and Embase using multiple search strategies. Data were extracted from studies comparing overall survival and progression-free survival in @entity1 with @entity5 with high and low levels of @entity18076 expression. Fixed and random models were used where appropriate. A combined hazards ratio (HR) was calculated to estimate the association of high levels of @entity18076 with survival. We selected 16 studies of 1485 @entity1 for our final meta-analysis. Upregulated expression of @entity18076 predicted significantly worse overall survival in @entity1 with @entity5 (HR 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-2.16, P = 0.023). Subgroup analysis indicated that high levels of @entity18076 was associated with decreased survival of Caucasians and @entity1 with @entity5 with pooled HR values of 1.82 (95% CI 1.27-2.26, P = 0.01) and 3.23 (95% CI 1.11-9.38, P = 0.032), respectively. Because of the absence of apparent heterogeneity, the combined HRs were 1.69 (95% CI 1.24-2.30, P = 0.001) for @entity957 and 1.91 (95% CI 1.40-2.59, P < 0.001) for samples from peripheral blood. Increased expression of @entity18076 significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival of @entity1 with @entity5 (HR 2.37; 95% CI 1.47-3.81, P < 0.001). Our meta-analysis indicates that the level of @entity18076 expression predicted survival of @entity1 with @entity5 , particularly for Caucasians and @entity1 with gynecological @entity5 . Increased expression of @entity18076 predicted shorter survival of @entity1 with @entity957 . Our findings indicate that monitoring the levels of @entity18076 in blood may be useful for following tumor progression as well as @entity1 ' prognosis.

title: Prognostic role of XXXX in various @entity5 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'gynecological tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity18076 :: (406985,Gene) :: ['miR-200c']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Focal @entity3519 of the head and neck are associated with a loss of kinesthetic acuity at muscles distant from the @entity3520 sites. That is, while the motor @entity3520 are confined, the associated somatosensory deficits are generalized. This is the first systematic study to examine, if @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3519 ( @entity3519 ) show @entity73 similar in scope to other forms of @entity3520 . METHODS: Proprioceptive acuity (ability to discriminate between two stimuli) for forearm position and motion sense was assessed in 14 @entity3519 subjects and 28 age-matched controls using a passive motion apparatus. Psychophysical thresholds, uncertainty area (UA), and a proprioceptive acuity index (AI) were computed based on the subjects' verbal responses. RESULTS: The main findings are as follows: first, the @entity3519 group showed significantly elevated thresholds and UAs for forearm position sense compared with the control group. Second, 9 of 14 @entity3519 subjects (64%) exhibited an AI for position sense above the control group maximum. Three @entity3519 subjects had a motion sense AI above the control group maximum. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that @entity3325 is a common feature of @entity3519 . Like other forms of @entity3520 , @entity3519 does affect the somatosensation of nondystonic muscle systems. That is, @entity3519 is associated with a generalized somatosensory deficit.

title: XXXX in Adults With Spasmodic Dysphonia.

entities_list: @entity3325 :: ('MESH:D020886', 'Disease') :: ['impaired limb proprioception']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['focal dystonia', 'deficits in focal dystonia', 'dystonic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['somatosensory impairments']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'dystonia', 'spasmodic dystonia']

answer: @entity3325 :: (MESH:D020886,Disease) :: ['Impaired Limb Proprioception']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity735 movement @entity146 (RBD) is a @entity4939 that is manifested by dream enactment behavior. The electrophysiologic substrate for RBD on polysomnography is @entity11755 without atonia. @entity735 movement @entity146 likely stems from @entity528 in the brainstem, although it is not yet clear which specific networks are involved. @entity735 movement @entity146 is often associated with the sporadic synucleinopathies but rarely associated with the @entity13859 . There are no reports on the possible association of @entity11755 without atonia and RBD with any @entity13859 . OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical sleep and polysomnography features in a kindred with a @entity13859 . METHODS: We performed standard polysomnography in 11 members of the @entity64752 kindred irrespective of any @entity25 . Neuropathologic findings were analyzed in those who subsequently underwent autopsy. RESULTS: Six affected and 5 genealogically at-risk family members were studied. None of the 11 had a history of dream enactment behavior. Nine of the 11 members attained sufficient @entity11755 on polysomnography, and the electrophysiologic features of @entity11755 without atonia and behavioral manifestations of RBD were absent in all subjects. Neuropathologic examination of 4 affected individuals revealed marked @entity528 in 3 along with mild degenerative changes in the locus coeruleus, pontine nuclei and tegmentum, and medullary tegmentum. CONCLUSIONS: These findings argue against @entity528 being the primary cause of RBD. The absence of the historical, electrophysiologic, and behavioral manifestations of RBD in this kindred provides further evidence that RBD is rare in the sporadic and familial @entity13859 . The difference in frequencies of RBD associated with the synucleinopathies compared with the @entity13859 suggests differences in the selective vulnerability of brainstem circuits between the synucleinopathies and @entity13859 .

title: Absence of XXXX behavior disorder in 11 members of the @entity64752 kindred.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity13859 :: ('MESH:D024801', 'Disease') :: ['tauopathies', 'familial tauopathy', 'sporadic tauopathies']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-related complaints']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['parasomnia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Rapid eye']

entities_list: @entity64752 :: ('MESH:C563003', 'Disease') :: ['pallidopontonigral degeneration']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['rapid eye movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['nigral degeneration', 'neuronal network dysfunction']

answer: @entity11755 :: (MESH:D020187,Disease) :: ['rapid eye movement sleep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The transformation of endometrium into decidua is essential for normal implantation of the blastocyst. However, the post-transcriptional regulation and the miRNAs involved in decidualization remain poorly understood. Here, we examined microRNA-181a (miR-181a) expression in decidualized @entity1 endometrial stromal cell (hESC). In addition, we investigated the functional effect of miR-181a on hESC decidualization in vitro. METHODS: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the profile of miR-181a in decidualized hESC. qRT-PCR, enzyme-linked fluorescent assay, and immunofluorescence assay were performed to investigate decidualization marker genes' expression after enhancing or inhibition of miR-181a expression in hESC. Luciferase reporter assay, western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence assay were carried out to identify the relationship between miR-181a and @entity8258 ( @entity38601 ). RESULTS: miR-181a expression levels increased dramatically in hESC treated with @entity7410 and @entity3443 . Increased miR-181a expression promoted hESC decidualization-related gene expression and morphological transformation; conversely, inhibition of miR-181a expression compromised hESC decidualization in vitro. Further analysis confirmed that miR-181a interacted with the 3' untranslated region of the transcription factor @entity38601 and down-regulated @entity38601 at the transcriptional and translational levels. @entity38601 overexpression abolished miR-181a-induced decidualization. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that miR-181a plays a functionally important role in @entity1 endometrial stromal cell decidualization in vitro by inhibiting @entity38601 .

title: MicroRNA-181a is involved in the regulation of XXXX endometrial stromal cell decidualization by inhibiting @entity8258 .

entities_list: @entity8258 :: ('MESH:D005175', 'Disease') :: ['Kr  ppel-like factor 12']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Thyroid hormone (TH) is important for tissue repair because it regulates cellular differentiation. Intrahepatic TH activity is controlled by both serum TH levels and hepatic deiodinases. TH substrate (T4) is converted into active hormone ( @entity3938 ) by deiodinase 1 (D1) but into inactive hormone ( @entity3938 ) by deiodinase 3 (D3). Although the relative expressions of D1 and D3 are known to change during @entity99 , the cell types and signaling mechanisms involved are unclear. We evaluated the hypothesis that changes in hepatic deiodinases result from repair-related activation of the Hedgehog pathway in stromal cells. We localized deiodinase expression, assessed changes during injury, and determined how targeted manipulation of Hedgehog signaling in stromal cells impacted hepatic deiodinase expression, TH content, and TH action in rodents. @entity1 with @entity409 were also studied. In healthy liver, hepatocytes strongly expressed D1 and stromal cells weakly expressed D3. During injury, hepatocyte expression of D1 decreased, whereas stromal expression of D3 increased, particularly in myofibroblasts. Conditionally disrupting Hedgehog signaling in myofibroblasts normalized deiodinase expression. Repair-related changes in deiodinases were accompanied by reduced hepatic TH content and TH-regulated gene expression. In @entity1 , this was reflected by increased serum @entity3938 . Moreover, the decreases in the free @entity3938 to @entity3938 and free T4 to @entity3938 ratios distinguished advanced from mild @entity82 , even in individuals with similar serum levels of TSH and free T4. In conclusion, the Hedgehog-dependent changes in liver stromal cells drive repair-related changes in hepatic deiodinase expression that promote @entity1375 , thereby limiting exposure to @entity3938 , an important factor for cellular differentiation.

title: Repair-related activation of hedgehog signaling in stromal cells promotes XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic hypothyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Favourable outcome of phaeochromocytoma surgery requires that paroxysmal @entity101 and @entity943 be controlled, and that @entity551 be prevented. Is @entity3360 , a @entity460 channel blocking drug, always adequate? METHODS: Nineteen consecutive @entity1 underwent surgery for phaeochromocytoma. Management was standardised with regards to anaesthesia and antihypertensive treatment. @entity3360 was used as a vasodilator and was given in order to maintain systemic vascular resistance lower than 1600 dyn.s.cm-5. RESULTS: @entity101 did not occur at any time during surgery in 6/19 @entity1 . Blood pressure rose acutely in 3/19 @entity1 at the time of tracheal intubation or surgical @entity5 , and was controlled by increased depth of anaesthesia. @entity101 episodes occurred in 11/19 @entity1 during @entity5 manipulation. @entity3360 always succeeded in maintaining low systemic vascular resistance but its dosage varied widely between @entity1 (0.5 to 70 mg), a fact that may be accounted for by the striking intersubject variability of haemodynamic behaviour during surgery. In 7/11 @entity1 , despite @entity3360 treatment, sustained @entity101 persisted with increased cardiac index, but low systemic vascular resistance. @entity5 removal, transient serious @entity551 (MAP < 60 mmHg) occurred in 4 @entity1 , and was corrected by fluid volume expansion. Perioperative incidence of @entity101 or @entity551 was not related to preoperative clinical status. CONCLUSION: Adequate management of @entity1 operated upon for phaeochromocytoma requires invasive monitoring, since the mechanisms underlying @entity101 crises are heterogeneous with regards to systemic vascular resistance and not predictable from preoperative data. @entity3360 provides a good control of vasoconstriction during phaeochromocytoma surgery with limited risk of serious @entity551 after @entity5 removal.

title: Haemodynamic heterogeneity and treatment with the XXXX channel blocker @entity3360 during phaeochromocytoma surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'increase in blood pressure', 'Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'approach to the tumour', 'Following tumour']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine', 'Nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this prospective cohort study was to compare two regenerative surgical treatment modalities for @entity737 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 having a minimum of one osseointegrated implant, with a progressive loss of bone amounting to > or =3 threads (1.8 mm) following the first year of healing, combined with bleeding and/or pus on probing, were involved in this study. The @entity1 were assigned to two different treatment strategies. After surgical exposure of the defect, @entity738 tissue was removed and the infected implant surface was treated using 3% @entity273 . The bone defects were filled with a bone substitute (Algipore). In 17 @entity1 (Group 1), a resorbable membrane (Osseoquest) was placed over the grafted defect before suturing. In 19 @entity1 (Group 2), the graft was used alone. RESULTS: One-year follow-up demonstrated clinical and radiographic improvements. Probing depths were reduced by 2.9 mm in Group 1 and by 3.4 mm in Group 2. Defect fill amounted to 1.5 and 1.4 mm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: It is possible to treat peri-implant defects with a bone substitute, with or without a resorbable membrane.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX using a bone substitute with or without a resorbable membrane: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implantitis']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['peri-implantitis']


abstract: @entity855 sulfurylase (ATPS) catalyzes the first committed step in the @entity597 assimilation pathway, the activation of @entity597 prior to its reduction. ATPS has been studied in only a few model organisms and even in these cases to a much smaller extent than the @entity597 reduction and @entity462 synthesis enzymes. This is possibly because the latter were considered of greater regulatory importance for @entity597 assimilation. Recent evidences (reported in this paper) challenge this view and suggest that ATPS may have a crucial regulatory role in @entity597 assimilation, at least in algae. In the ensuing text, we summarize the current knowledge on ATPS, with special attention to the processes that control its activity and gene(s) expression in algae. Special attention is given to algae ATPS proteins. The focus on algae is the consequence of the fact that a comprehensive investigation of ATPS revealed that the algal enzymes, especially those that are most likely involved in the pathway of @entity597 reduction to @entity462 , possess features that are not present in other organisms. Remarkably, algal ATPS proteins show a great diversity of isoforms and a high content of @entity462 residues, whose positions are often conserved. According to the occurrence of @entity462 residues, the ATPS of eukaryotic algae is closer to that of marine cyanobacteria of the genera Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus and is more distant from that of freshwater cyanobacteria. These characteristics might have evolved in parallel with the radiation of algae in the oceans and the increase of @entity597 concentration in seawater.

title: Diversity and regulation of XXXX sulfurylase in photosynthetic organisms.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity43579 is a rare cutaneous marker for internal @entity5 and the association with other @entity8231 is not unusual. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 54 year-old @entity1 with a three-month history of @entity5658 which evolved into @entity43579 ; a @entity153 was discovered. @entity43579 was associated with acquired @entity5657 , @entity5656 of the ears and @entity1712 . Improvement of the @entity272 was achieved by treatment of the underlying @entity189 with chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. However, the lesions relapsed when @entity3 appeared. Another regimen of chemotherapy improved the @entity189 and the @entity272 . DISCUSSION: The parallel course of the @entity189 and the @entity203 strongly supports the diagnosis of a cutaneous @entity8231 . Three months prior to @entity43579 , the @entity1 developed a scaling @entity5658 . This unusual early manifestation is misleading. Our case highlights the possible association of different @entity8231 : initially scaling @entity5658 , followed by @entity43579 associated with acquired @entity5657 , @entity5656 of the ears and @entity1712 .

title: [An association of XXXX in a @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous eruption']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic dermatosis', 'dermatosis']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['erythroderma']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndrome', 'paraneoplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity43579 :: ('MESH:C536154', 'Disease') :: ['erythema gyratum repens', 'Erythema gyratum repens']

entities_list: @entity5657 :: ('MESH:D007057', 'Disease') :: ['ichthyosis']

answer: @entity8231 :: (MESH:D010257,Disease) :: ['paraneoplastic syndromes']


abstract: AIM: To explore whether clinical presentations of @entity1820 (GISTs) mimics @entity344 . METHODS: The endosonographic data of 167 @entity1 who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection at the Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China between 2009 and 2011 were analyzed. GISTs and @entity2909 had a similar intragastric distribution and similar locations within the gastric wall. Therefore, @entity1 with GISTs were chosen as the study group and those with @entity2909 were chosen as the control group. Dyspepsia symptom questionnaires were used to investigate and compare the gastrointestinal symptoms of @entity1 with GISTs and those with @entity356 before and after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The questionnaires evaluated symptoms such as @entity158 , heartburn, regurgitation, epigastric discomfort, @entity390 and @entity391 , abdominal bloating, and eructation. Symptoms were assessed using a four-point scoring scale. RESULTS: GISTs were the most common @entity1819 (67 cases, 40.12%), followed by @entity2909 (38 cases, 22.75%). Both groups were similar in terms of gender distribution (P = 0.49), intragastric location (P = 0.525), and originating layer within the gastric wall (P = 0.449), but @entity2909 were more commonly found in the proximal fundus (P < 0.05). Overall, 94.2% of the @entity1 with small GISTs and 93.5% of those with @entity356 experienced some @entity2210 ; however, total symptom scores were significantly lower in the @entity677 group than in the @entity2909 group (1.34    1.27 vs 2.20    1.70, P < 0.05). Each component of the symptom score demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the @entity677 @entity1 after ESD (P < 0.05), including @entity158 (0.80    0.90 vs 0.13    0.46), heartburn (0.63    1.08 vs 0.13    0.41), regurgitation (0.55    0.87 vs 0.22    0.57), epigastric discomfort (0.70    0.98 vs 0.32    0.47), @entity390 and @entity391 (0.27    0.62 vs 0.05    0.21), abdominal bloating (0.70    0.90 vs 0.27    0.49), and eructation (0.36    0.61 vs 0.21    0.46). For @entity2909 @entity1 , symptoms such as heartburn, @entity390 , @entity391 , and eructation improved after treatment; however, these improvements were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Thus, the pathophysiology of @entity2210 symptoms may be different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Symptoms of gastric small GISTs may mimic those of functional @entity2210 . An alternative diagnosis should be considered in @entity1 with functional @entity2210 and treatment failure.

title: Clinical presentations of XXXX mimics functional dyspepsia symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric submucosal lesion']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal dyspepsia symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastric small gastrointestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas', 'leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric leiomyomas']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastric small gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: Chemotherapeutic drugs that are used in anti- @entity5 treatments often cause the death of both cancerous and noncancerous cells. This non-selective @entity137 is the root cause of untoward side effects that limits the effectiveness of therapy. In order to improve chemotherapeutic options for @entity5 @entity1 , there is a need to identify novel compounds with higher discrimination for @entity5 cells. In the past, methine dyes that increase the sensitivity of photographic emulsions have been investigated for anti- @entity5 properties. In the 1970's, Kodak Laboratories initiated a screen of approximately 7000 dye structural variants for selective @entity137 . Among these, D112 was identified as a promising compound with elevated @entity137 against a @entity694 cell line in comparison to a non-transformed cell line. Despite these results changing industry priorities led to a halt in further studies on D112. We decided to revive investigations on D112 and have further characterized D112-induced cellular @entity137 . We identified that in response to D112 treatment, the @entity1619 cell line Jurkat showed caspase activation, mitochondrial depolarization, and phosphatidylserine externalization, all of which are hallmarks of apoptosis. Chemical inhibition of caspase enzymatic activity and blockade of the mitochondrial pathway through @entity588 expression inhibited D112-induced apoptosis. At lower concentrations, D112 induced @entity851 . To gain insight into the molecular mechanism of D112 induced @entity2383 , we analyzed the intracellular localization of D112, and found that D112 associated with mitochondria. Interestingly, in the cell lines that we tested, D112 showed increased @entity137 toward transformed versus non-transformed cells. Results from this work identify D112 as a potentially interesting molecule warranting further investigation.

title: Characterization of the apoptotic response induced by the cyanine dye d112: a potentially selective anti- XXXX compound.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the retrobulbar anesthesia and intracameral anesthesia using preservative-free @entity1341 0.5% in terms of effectiveness, complications and comfort to the @entity1 during phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: This was a hospital based comparative study of two methods of anesthesia, conducted at LRBT Free Eye and @entity5 Hospital, Lahore from January to July 2000. Study included 200 @entity1 with uncomplicated age-related @entity231 , equally divided in two groups on simple random basis. Group A (100 @entity1 ) received the retrobulbar anesthesia and Group B (100 @entity1 ) received the intracameral anesthesia with @entity1341 0.5% for phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Outcome measures like @entity158 , visual acuity, intraocular pressure and anterior chamber reaction were compared. RESULTS: On day 1, 79% of the @entity1 in group A and 82% @entity1 in group B had unaided visual acuity ranging between 6/6-6/18. On day 7, this was 88% in group A and 89% group B. On day 1, 99% in group A and 98% in group B had <1+ cells in the anterior chamber while on day 7 this increased up to 100%. On day 1, 97% in group A and 98% group B had intraocular pressure less than 20 mmHg. On day 7, it increased up to 100% in both groups. 97% @entity1 in group A and 96% @entity1 in group B had painless surgery. Results were analysed using computer software SPSS version 10.0. Results showed no significant statistical difference between two groups in terms of @entity158 , visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber reaction and @entity1 comfort. CONCLUSION: In the hands of expert surgeons and in selected @entity1 , intracameral anesthesia with preservative-free @entity1341 0.5% is a safe and effective technique of ocular anesthesia for phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.

title: Comparison of retrobulbar anesthesia and intracameral anesthesia using preservative free XXXX 0.5% in phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine hydrochloride']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to analyze motor unit reorganization in different types of progressive @entity3986 and @entity121 . The study population consisted of @entity1 with genetically verified progressive @entity3986 : Duchenne ( @entity1555 ) (n=54), Becker (BMD) (n=30), facio-scapulo-humeral (FSHD) (n=37), and Emery-Dreifuss ( @entity18721 ) (n=26). @entity1 with probable @entity17325 ( @entity17325 ) (n=58) and @entity121 (n=35) were also included in the study. Quantitative EMG recordings were obtained from 469 muscles. Muscle activity at rest and during slight voluntary and maximal muscle contraction was analyzed. The motor unit activity potential (MUAP) duration, amplitude, area, size index (SI), polyphasicity, and the presence of "outliers" were evaluated. Diminished values of MUAP parameters and decreased maximal amplitude of maximal muscle contraction were recorded most frequently in @entity1555 and mainly in the biceps brachii muscles. SI was the most frequently changed EMG parameter. "Outliers" with amplitude below the normal range were recorded more frequently then a decreased mean MUAP amplitude (what could indicate a very high sensitivity of this EMG parameter). Pathological interference pattern was recorded in 34.7% of biceps brachii and in 21.2% of rectus femoris muscles. In FSHD, decreased MUAP duration and SI and pathological interference pattern with low amplitude were recorded most frequently in the tibial anterior and deltoid muscles. The presence of potentials with reduced parameters is a result of decreasing motor unit area (reduced number and size of muscle fibers), while high amplitude potentials recorded in BMD and @entity18721 could indicate a slow and mild course of disease and muscle regeneration.

title: Motor unit reorganization in progressive XXXX and @entity121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity17325 :: ('MESH:D049288', 'Disease') :: ['limb-girdle dystrophy', 'L-GD']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['congenital myopathies']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['muscular dystrophies']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity3580 is a locally invasive @entity5 with a high tendency for recurrence for which radical resection is generally recommended. To assess the benefits of aggressive treatment of @entity3580 , the authors compared results in @entity1 treated aggressively at the first presentation of this disease with results in @entity1 who were similarly treated, but after recurrence. METHODS: Among 36 @entity1 with cervical @entity3580 who were treated at the authors' institution, 22 underwent primary aggressive treatment (Group A) and 14 were treated secondarily after @entity5 recurrence (Group B). Two cases were excluded from Group A because of unrelated early deaths and three from Group B because of insufficient pre- or postoperative data. Most @entity5 were located at the suboccipital level and only eight cases at a level below @entity3627 . Radiotherapy and proton therapy were similarly conducted in both groups of @entity1 . The actuarial survival rates were 80 and 65% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, in Group A @entity1 and 50 and 0% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, in Group B @entity1 (p = 0.049, log-rank test). The actuarial recurrence-free rates were 70 and 35% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, in Group A and 0% at 3 years in Group B (p < 0.0001, log-rank test). The numbers of recurrences per year were 0.15 in Group A and 0.62 in Group B (p > 0.05). All other parameters that were analyzed ( @entity1 age, delay before diagnosis, clinical symptoms, @entity75 , and histological features) did not prove to influence prognosis in a statistically significant manner. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive therapy, combining as radical a resection as possible with radiotherapy, seems to improve the prognoses of suboccipital and cervical @entity3580 when applied at the @entity1 's first presentation with the disease.

title: Suboccipital and cervical XXXX : the value of aggressive treatment at first presentation of the disease.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['chondroid type of lesion']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas', 'Chordoma']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordomas']


abstract: A new male condom made of @entity2636 will be marketed in 1994 for those who do not like latex condoms according to officials at London International U.S. Holdings in New York City, the manufacturing firm. The company makes well-known latex condoms, including Ramses, Sheik, Durex, Hatu, and London. Company officials expect it will be more acceptable to @entity1 because it is more comfortable to those who have objections to using latex condoms. The major objections include odor and decreased sensitivity. The new plastic condom will probably cost more than latex condoms but less than natural skin condoms. The condom will be made from a new material called Duron and it received clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for market several years ago. In company-conducted tests, the new condom's failure rate was no different than for top-quality latex condoms. Because the new material is thinner and stronger than latex, it can be made to fit looser than a latex condom. The new condom will be slightly bigger than its latex counterpart. @entity2636 will not cause problems for those @entity56 to latex, and it will not break down when used with oil-based lubricants. The new material is expected to last longer than latex, but for safety it probably should be treated like a latex condom in terms of heat exposure. A new plastic condom is being studied at Family Health International (FHI), a nonprofit medical research organization located in Durham, NC. In June 1992, the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, @entity601 , awarded FHI  1.3 million to develop and test over a 4-year period a condom made of soft, thin plastic. FHI has developed several prototypes and is evaluating them in ongoing clinical trials. Another nonlatex condom, called Tactylon, is still awaiting FDA approval. The FDA has called for several tests to rule out @entity5 risk from the product and to clarify any shelf-life hazards.

title: First plastic condom for XXXX becomes available next year.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane', 'Polyurethane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complement factor C3 and C4 have been associated with @entity731 and @entity65 factors. This study explored whether plasma levels of C3 and C4 are risk factors for the incidence of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). DESIGN: A population-based prospective study of 5850 initially healthy @entity1 , 28-61 years old at baseline. METHODS: Plasma levels of C3 and C4 were analysed at the baseline examination. The incidence of coronary events (i.e. fatal or non-fatal @entity583 ), @entity64 and cardiovascular events (i.e. @entity583 , @entity64 or @entity65 ) was studied over 18 years of follow-up. RESULTS: Adjusted for age, C3 in the fourth quartile (versus the first quartile) was associated with an increased incidence of coronary events [relative risk (RR) 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-1.9], cardiovascular events (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.3-1.9), and non-significantly with the incidence of @entity64 (RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.89-1.8). However, after adjustments for smoking, body mass index (BMI), @entity165 , @entity6 and systolic blood pressure, these relationships were completely attenuated and non-significant. The relationships were similar for C4 concentrations within the normal range. However, for @entity1 with C4 in the top 10% of the distribution (>0.34 g/l), a significantly increased incidence of coronary events was found, which persisted after adjustments for risk factors. CONCLUSION: C3 and C4 show substantial correlations with @entity65 factors, including blood pressure, BMI, and lipids. This relationship accounts for the increased incidence of @entity65 in @entity1 with high C3 levels. However, very high C4 levels may be associated with the incidence of @entity65 , independently of traditional @entity65 factors.

title: Complement C3 and C4 in plasma and incidence of @entity583 and XXXX : a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to examine the clincopathologic characteristics and outcomes of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) @entity1 with and without @entity765 ( @entity765 ), including the risk factors for progression of @entity1412 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and database of all @entity1 with @entity1412 who were treated between January 1993 and December 2011. RESULTS: Of 75 @entity1412 @entity1 , 18 (24%) were @entity1412 with @entity765 . Seventeen of these had intra-abdominal @entity765 and one had intra- and extra-abdominal @entity765 . We divided the @entity1 into two groups according to type of resection; the R0 or R1 resection group, referred to as the curative resection group (eight @entity1 ), and the R2 resection/palliative operation/medical treatment group, referred to as the palliative resection group (10 @entity1 ). Two @entity1 in the curative resection group and two @entity1 in the palliative group had progressed to @entity5 growth by the follow-up (p=0.800). In univariate analysis, DT diagnosis before or simultaneously with @entity1412 diagnosis ( @entity765 unrelated to surgical @entity130 ) was a significant risk factor for @entity5 progression at final follow-up. CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary approach to DT treatment is needed, including nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, anti- @entity172 , cytotoxic agents, and surgery. However, the role of surgery in resectable and complicated @entity5 may be limited. DT unrelated to surgical @entity130 has a relatively poor prognosis.

title: Clinical characteristics and adequate treatment of XXXX combined with @entity765 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['DTs', 'desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP-related DTs', 'FAP']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bacterial biofilms account for a significant number of hospital-acquired @entity281 and complicate treatment options, because bacteria within biofilms are generally more tolerant to antibiotic treatment. This resilience is attributed to transient bacterial subpopulations that arise in response to variations in the microenvironment surrounding the biofilm. Here, we probed the spatial proteome of surface-associated single-species biofilms formed by uropathogenic @entity526 (UPEC), the major causative agent of community-acquired and catheter-associated @entity293 . We used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) to analyze the spatial proteome of intact biofilms in situ. MALDI- @entity1054 IMS revealed protein species exhibiting distinct localizations within surface-associated UPEC biofilms, including two adhesive fibers critical for UPEC biofilm formation and virulence: type 1 pili (Fim) localized exclusively to the air-exposed region, while curli amyloid fibers localized to the air-liquid interface. Comparison of cells grown aerobically, fermentatively, or utilizing an alternative terminal electron acceptor showed that the phase-variable fim promoter switched to the "OFF" orientation under @entity26 -deplete conditions, leading to marked reduction of type 1 pili on the bacterial cell surface. Conversely, S pili whose expression is inversely related to fim expression were up-regulated under anoxic conditions. Tethering the fim promoter in the "ON" orientation in anaerobically grown cells only restored type 1 pili production in the presence of an alternative terminal electron acceptor beyond @entity26 . Together these data support the presence of at least two regulatory mechanisms controlling fim expression in response to @entity26 availability and may contribute to the stratification of extracellular matrix components within the biofilm. MALDI IMS facilitated the discovery of these mechanisms, and we have demonstrated that this technology can be used to interrogate subpopulations within bacterial biofilms.

title: Adhesive Fiber Stratification in Uropathogenic @entity526 Biofilms Unveils XXXX -Mediated Control of Type 1 Pili.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['time-of-flight', 'TOF']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and ex vivo percutaneous absorption of @entity17567 (CPM) from different hydrogel formulations. Various concentrations of polymers, including hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), @entity5224 (NaCMC) and @entity5498 cellulose (MC) were used in the hydrogel formulations. All experiments were conducted using cellulose dialysis membrane. The passive permeation of CPM was affected by the polymer concentrations. The effect of each polymer on the release rate of CPM was found to be statistically different (P<0.05). The formulation which exhibited maximum drug release through cellulose membrane was then used with other membranes namely @entity2636 membrane, @entity35 skin and @entity1 skin. The release rate of CPM from different membranes was found to be statistically different (P<0.05). Within the different diffusional barriers @entity35 skin was found to be best alternative to @entity1 skin. It seems suitable the use of cellulose derivatives for topical application of CPM to obtain high therapeutic concentration at the application site. The synthetic membranes can be used to assess product performance in quality assurance but give little indication of its performance ex vivo.

title: In vitro release studies of XXXX from gels prepared by different cellulose derivatives.

entities_list: @entity5224 :: ('MESH:D002266', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium carboxymethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity17567 :: ('MESH:D002744', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpheniramine maleate']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity17567 :: (MESH:D002744,Chemical) :: ['chlorpheniramine maleate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathogenesis of @entity99 relates to various underlying causes including @entity1800 . Both hepatotropic and non-hepatotropic viruses may induce @entity1578 in @entity1 before birth, during delivery, or shortly after birth. OBJECTIVES: The tissue impact of HCMV, HSV, @entity97 , @entity3531 , and rotavirus and @entity9504 was evaluated in studied @entity1 with @entity99 . METHODS: The history of @entity1800 was analyzed in paraffin-embedded biopsy and autopsy tissues of 22 @entity1 with @entity99 between years 1996 and 2007, retrospectively. The tissue molecular presentation of @entity97 , @entity3531 , HCMV, HSV, adenovirus, and rotavirus was evaluated by different qualitative simple and nested PCR and RT-PCR protocols. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was used for studying the antigenic prevalence of @entity3307 , 2; @entity97 , HCMV and @entity9504 . Also the laboratory liver indices of all @entity1 with @entity99 were analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity97 and HSV genomes were detected in 3 (14%) of 22 @entity1 . The rotavirus and @entity3531 -RNA and also the HCMV-DNA were detected separately in 1 (4%) of 26 @entity982 -embedded autopsy and biopsy tissues. The @entity97 and HSV-1 specific antigens were separately diagnosed in 1 (4%) of 26 neonatal samples by IHC protocols. Also the HSV-2 antigen was seen in 5 (23%) of 22 liver autopsy and biopsy specimens. @entity325 with HCMV, HSV, @entity97 , @entity3531 , and rotavirus were detected in these @entity1 with @entity99 . CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of single and mixed molecular and antigenic traces of HCMV, HSV, @entity97 , @entity3531 and rotavirus underlines the etiologic role of these viruses in clinical pathogenesis of @entity99 .

title: The molecular and antigenic tissue impact of @entity1800 on liver transplant XXXX with @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus infections']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failures']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Co-infections']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis', 'neonatal hepatitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The main objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG PET) to assess the impact of this technique in staging of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity0 . METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-one consecutive @entity1 (median age = 51 +/- 11 years) with biopsy-proven primary @entity0 who were examined by FDG PET were enrolled in this prospective preoperative staging study. Whole-body FDG-PET images were acquired approximately 60 min after the intravenous administration of FDG (5.2 MBq/kg). Visual assessment and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of breast lesions for semiquantitative analysis were carried out. The PET results were compared with the histopathology results. RESULTS: For the @entity5 , node, @entity3 (TNM) staging, 240 @entity1 (250 breasts) were considered eligible based on the criteria that were established for this analysis. Significant differences were noted in SUVmax of lesions according to the TNM staging (p < 0.05). The average SUVmax of the primary @entity5 was calculated in @entity1 with axillary involvement (n = 58) and for the ones without axillary @entity3 (n = 79), and SUVmax were 4.1 +/- 3.5 and 2.8 +/- 2.3, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.03). PET imaging revealed pathological FDG uptake in 54% (46/85) of @entity1 with axillary lymph node @entity3 . The sensitivities of FDG PET for detecting axillary lymph node @entity3 were found 41% in @entity3121 , 67% in @entity477 , and 100% in @entity8603 , and the specificity was 89% for pN0 stage. Detection of extra-axillary regional node or distant metastatic lesions revealed by PET scan in 22 of 24 @entity1 resulted in a significant change in the TNM stage. Distant @entity3 without axillary lymph node @entity3 was noted in 21% (5/24) of @entity1 . The results revealed that FDG PET upgraded TNM stage in 9.2% (22/240) of @entity1 and 7.5% (18/240) of @entity1 were diagnosed as having one or more distant @entity3 . CONCLUSION: FDG PET was able to identify extra-axillary regional nodal and distant lesions in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity0 ; FDG PET may alter the staging and management of therapy in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity0 .

title: Impact of FDG PET on the preoperative staging of newly diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on infantile @entity4676 between the integrated therapy of acupuncture and pingganjianpi decoction and @entity1767 tablets. METHODS: Forty-seven @entity1 were randomized into an observation group (25 cases) and a control group (22 cases). In the observation group, acupuncture was applied to Taichong ( @entity8950 ), Baihui (GV 20), Zhongwan (CV 12), Zusanli (ST 36), etc. The needles were retained for 30 min. Acupuncture was given once a day and there were 5 days at intervals after 10 times of acupuncture. Additionally, pinggan jianpi decoction was prescribed. In the control group, @entity1767 tablets were prescribed, starting from the small dose, 0. 05 mg/kg per day, twice a day. The treatment of 30 days made one session and 3 sessions were required. Yale global tic severity scale (YGTSS) was adopted to observe tic time, tic frequency and tic severity score before treatment and in 30 days, 60 days and 90 days after treatment in the two groups. The efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The total effective rates were 40. 0% (10/25), 64.0% (16/25) and 76.0% (19/25) in the observation group and were 59.1% (13/22), 68.2% (15/22) and 77.3% (17/22) in the control group in 30 days, 60 days and 90 days after treatment respectively. The effect in 30 days after treatment in the control group was better than that in the observation group (P<0. 05). The differences at the other time points were not significant between the two groups (all P>0. 05). The tic time, tic frequency and tic severity score at the each time point after treatment were reduced obviously as compared with those before treatment (all P<0. 05). Each item score in the control group was reduced obviously as compared with that in the observation group in 30 days after treatment (all P<0. 05). The differences at the other time points were not significant between the two groups (all P>0.05). The probability of adverse reaction in the observation group was less than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: The integrated therapy of acupuncture and medicine achieves the similar effect on infantile @entity4676 to @entity1767 tablets and the side effects of it are less.

title: [Clinical controlled trial on infantile XXXX treated with integrated therapy of acupuncture and medicine].

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity4676 :: (MESH:D005879,Disease) :: ['Tourette syndrome']


abstract: Exposing natural selection driving phenotypic and genotypic adaptive differentiation is an extraordinary challenge. Given that an organism's life stages are exposed to the same environmental variations, we reasoned that @entity410 components, such as the lag, rate, and efficiency of growth, directly reflecting performance in these life stages, should often be selected in concert. We therefore conjectured that correlations between @entity410 components over natural isolates, in a particular environmental context, would constitute a robust signal of recent selection. Critically, this test for selection requires @entity410 components to be determined by different genetic loci. To explore our conjecture, we exhaustively evaluated the lag, rate, and efficiency of asexual population growth of natural isolates of the model @entity375 @entity375 in a large variety of @entity1568 -limited environments. Overall, @entity410 components were well correlated under @entity1568 restriction. @entity375 isolates were further crossed in all pairwise combinations and coinheritance of each @entity410 component and genetic markers were traced. Trait variations tended to map to quantitative trait loci (QTL) that were private to a single @entity410 component. We further traced QTLs down to single- @entity377 resolution and uncovered loss-of-function mutations in @entity65446 , @entity65447 , @entity65448 , and @entity55038 as the genetic basis for @entity1568 source use variations. Effects of SNPs were unique for a single @entity410 component, strongly arguing against pleiotropy between lag, rate, and efficiency of reproduction under @entity1568 restriction. The strong correlations between life stage performances that cannot be explained by pleiotropy compellingly support adaptive differentiation of @entity375 @entity1568 source use and suggest a generic approach for detecting selection.

title: Concerted Evolution of Life Stage Performances Signals Recent Selection on XXXX @entity1568 Use.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Yeast']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Yeast']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e21123 Background: Many signalling pathways are implicated in lung carcinogenesis but the role of the alternative pathway of NF-kB in @entity2 pathogenesis and progression has not been investigated. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of this pathway in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity7286 and @entity23436 protein expression was retrospectively assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 109 @entity1149 @entity1 . Cases with staining in >10% of cells were considered positive. Immunohistochemical reactivity was graded on a scale of 0-3 according to the intensity of the staining and the percentage of immunopositive cells. @entity7286 and @entity23436 expression was categorized in three groups (high vs medium vs low) using as a cut-off point the 33(rd) and 66(th) percentiles. The total score for each slide was the sum of the intensity and distribution of expression. RESULTS: Cytoplasmic @entity7286 and @entity23436 protein levels were higher in @entity5 cells than in non-neoplastic adjacent tissue (p<0.001 for both). Higher @entity23436 levels were noted in the nucleus of @entity5 cells compared to normal tissue (p=0.003). Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of @entity7286 and @entity23436 was correlated with stage. In addition, cytoplasmic @entity7286 levels significantly differed between low and high grade @entity5 (p=0.046). Expression of @entity23436 in the cytoplasm was type-specific, with @entity957 having the highest protein levels. Furthermore, a significant association of @entity23436 cytoplasmic expression with @entity1 ' two-year survival outcome was observed (p=0.038). No correlation was found with age, sex, maximum @entity5 diameter, relapse rate or smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The deregulation of the alternative NF-kB pathway in @entity1149 could play a crucial role in the development and progression of the disease. Further studies to elucidate this role now appear warranted.

title: Shedding light on the alternative pathway of NF-kB in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to correlate the results obtained by 3T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI3T) with those obtained by histological examination of samples of the trans-perineal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TPUS-B). METHODS: 34 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. All @entity1 had a clinical suspicion of @entity5 due to increased PSA and/or positive digital rectal examination. @entity1 were subjected to an MRSI 3T examination and subsequently to TPUS-B. RESULTS: Of the 22 (22/34) @entity1 who presented abnormalities MRSI at 3T, 9 had a histological diagnosis of @entity263 . Of the remaining 13 @entity1 , 6 were found to be histologically positive for @entity1067 and 7 Chronic @entity32 or High Grade @entity5436 . 12 (12/34) @entity1 found to have no peripheral alterations in their prostate on 3T MRSI, none were positive for @entity20946 or @entity32 on histology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100%, 48%, 40% and 100% respectively. DISCUSSION: In this study, we correlated the values obtained from 3T MRSI with the results of histologically examined prostate biopsies. Our work shows that 72.8% of the voxels in which there was a change in ratio of Cit/(Cho + @entity8818 ), corresponded to areas of prostate tissue disease. Of these, 73.2% were positive for @entity20946 and 26.8% for CII or HG PIN. In literature, it is noted that PCa can be distinguished from areas of benign tissue, in the peripheral zone, on the basis of the values of the ratio Cit/(Cho + @entity8818 ) (17), although some benign conditions, such as @entity1069 or PINHG, can alter these values (18-19). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the use of MRSI 3T before performing prostate biopsies may represent a valid aid for the urologist in the diagnosis of PCa, allowing them to avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies that may be negative. Furthermore, it would also be possible to reduce the total number of biopsies, thus decreasing @entity1 exposure to the unnecessary risks associated with biopsy.

title: Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging 3T and XXXX : correlation with transperineal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Interstitial Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of orthotopic urinary diversion on the quality of cystectomy and ensuing @entity5 control has not been adequately studied. We analyzed our experience with this clinical problem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 214 @entity1 who underwent cystectomy and orthotopic diversion for @entity150 were retrospectively evaluated and compared with those of 269 treated with an ileal conduit. Analyzed end points included overall and @entity5 specific survival. We specifically assessed the patterns of relapse and their association with pathological findings at cystectomy in the neobladder group. RESULTS: No @entity5 specific survival difference was identified in the neobladder and ileal conduit cohorts when adjusting for pathological stage. Patterns of relapse in 62 of the 214 @entity1 with a neobladder (29%) included local recurrence in 23 (11%), distant recurrence in 19 (9%), and combined local and distant recurrence in 18 (8%). Urethral recurrence was rare (2%). Of 10 @entity1 (4.6%) diagnosed with upper tract recurrence 6 and 4 initially had relapse in the ureteroenteric @entity254 and @entity8 , respectively. Five of the 6 @entity1 with anastomotic relapse had evidence of disease in the intramural or juxtavesical ureter that was removed en bloc with the cystectomy specimen. Only 1 @entity1 required neobladder takedown after such anastomotic recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that neobladders do not compromise the quality of preceding cystectomy or interfere with management in the presence of local or distant disease relapse. Our data suggest that involvement of the intramural or juxtavesical ureteral segment at cystectomy irrespective of surgical margin status may identify @entity1 at higher risk for anastomotic recurrence, which is associated with an ominous prognosis.

title: Orthotopic urinary diversion after cystectomy for @entity150 : implications for XXXX control and patterns of disease recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Objective of this study was to evaluate the intraocular pressure-reducing effect of latanoprost as monotherapy after replacing current dual therapy in @entity726 @entity1 . The 6-months study comprised 189 @entity1 with primary open @entity726 who were treated at least 6 months with two different kind of topical medications (beta-blockers, @entity2134 , @entity15438 and @entity16495 ). Due to local side effects, multiple dosing regime and inadequately controlled intraocular pressure (IOP), they where switched to latanoprost 0.005% monotherapy. After switched to latanoprost, mean (IOP) was measured at baseline, after 15 days, 2 and 6 months of treatment. After six-months 178 @entity1 had completed the study. These analyses enrolled all @entity1 (n = 189), thus, the Intention-To-Treat (ITT) results were shown instead of the results of the reduced population. IOP was clinically importantly reduced from baseline level. Five @entity1 had uncontrolled IOP. The difference between IOP before (21.9 +/- 2.4) and after 15 days (17.4 +/- 1.7), 2 months (16.7 +/- 1.8) and 6 months (16.6 +/- 1.4) was statistically significant (p < 0.001). 90% @entity1 has reached target IOP < or = 18 mm. A conjunctional hyperaemia in 18 (9%), stinging and itching in 7 (4%) @entity1 was reported. Increased iris pigmentation was seen in 3 (2%) @entity1 . The results of this study indicate that dual therapy in @entity1538 can effectively be replaced by latanoprost monotherapy in many @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of the intraocular pressure-reducing effect of latanoprost as monotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['dorzolamide']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity16495 :: ('MESH:C015620', 'Chemical') :: ['brimonidine']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: A retrospective quantitative analysis of 40 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity91 was conducted to determine whether any difference in outcome, with respect to cranial index (cranial width/cranial length x 100), could be associated with either the age at surgery or the extent of the operation. @entity1 < or = 13 months old at surgery and for whom there were archived computed tomography digital data preoperatively, perioperatively, and 1 year postoperatively were studied. For statistical analysis, the operation was classified as either extended strip craniectomy or subtotal calvarectomy, and the age at operation was either < or = 4 months or > 4 months. Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent extended strip craniectomy at a mean age of 5.1 months. Their mean cranial index preoperatively was 67 versus 71 at 1 year postoperatively (p < 0.0001). Of extended strip craniectomy @entity1 , 15 were operated on at age < or = 4 months (mean = 2.9 months) and 13 at age > 4 months (mean = 7.6 months). Mean cranial indices for age at operation groups did not achieve age-appropriate normal range values 1 year postoperatively for either group, and there was no significant difference between the mean percentages of improvement achieved (p = 0.143). Twelve @entity1 underwent subtotal calvarectomy at a mean age of 5.2 months. Their mean cranial index preoperatively was 66 versus 74 at 1 year postoperatively (p < 0.0001). The mean cranial index in this group reached age-appropriate normal range values 1 year postoperatively. The percentage improvement in cranial index 1 year after subtotal calvarectomy was greater than after extended strip craniectomy (p = 0.003). Extended strip craniectomy for @entity91 does not achieve normal cranial width:length proportions, even when performed before 4 months of age. Subtotal calvarectomy for @entity91 does achieve normal cranial width:length proportions in the majority of the @entity1 , at least when performed within the first 13 months of life.

title: XXXX outcome assessment for two methods and timings of intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal craniosynostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['Sagittal craniosynostosis']


abstract: @entity14 incidence in relation to body size, smoking, and @entity167 consumption was studied in a cohort of 29 051 city residents of Japan. In 1992, each @entity1 completed a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, drinking, cigarette smoking, diet, exercise, and reproductive and medical histories. The response rate was 92%. From 1993 to 2000, 161 @entity1 and 134 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity14 at two major hospitals in the city. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using Cox proportional hazard models. A positive relation between height and @entity14 was seen in both sexes, controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking habits, and years of education. The findings were statistically significant only for @entity1 (relative risk 2.13 for the tallest compared with the shortest height tertile; 95% confidence interval=1.26-3.58). Body mass index was also associated positively with @entity694 risk for @entity1 , whereas the pattern for @entity1 was not clear. There was a positive association between pack-years of cigarette smoking and the risk of @entity5 in @entity1 . A positive dose-response relation between @entity167 consumption and @entity694 risk was observed for @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Height, weight, and @entity167 consumption in relation to the risk of XXXX in Japan: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The @entity2395 is one of the most common @entity74 worldwide. Currently, molecular diagnostics is the only available tool to achieve an accurate diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to characterize the molecular bases of these syndromes in our environment and to establish genotype-phenotype associations. Through a combination of different molecular techniques and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH),we were able to find a-thalassemic mutations in 145 of the 184 @entity1 (78.8%) studied with hematological parameters compatible with @entity2395 . Deletions of the a-globin genes resulted the major molecular cause of the disease, and the most frequent mutation was -a(3.7), found in homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. In @entity1 with a   phenotypes, other prevalent mutations were( _MED) and (_CAL/CAMP). The description of a sub-telomeric deletion in a @entity1 with @entity2395 and @entity1032 was also achieved. b-thalassemic mutations in heterozygous state were found in 7.6% of the @entity1 , who presented a-thalassemic clinical features (microcytosis and Hb A   levels below 3.5%). Hematologic profiles for the a+ and a   genotypes were established for adult and pediatric @entity1 . Hopefully, this work will provide guidelines for the detection of possible a-thalassemic carriers. It also highlights the collaborative work of hematologists, the biochemical and molecular biology laboratory and genetists, in order to provide appropriate genetic counseling.

title: [Molecular bases of XXXX in Argentina].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disorders']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['a-thalassemia']

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['a-thalassemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether aggressive medical therapy of @entity354 ( @entity354 ) could improve both subjective and objective features of @entity102 ( @entity102 ). METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity102 underwent assessment of @entity354 and sinus symptoms, esophageal motility testing, dual-channel esophageal pH testing, and laryngoscopy and nasal endoscopy at baseline. The results were compared to those of a group of @entity354 @entity1 without sinus problems. The @entity102 @entity1 alone then received @entity4546 20 mg b.i.d. for 3 months with symptom follow-up at monthly intervals. Laryngoscopy and nasal endoscopy were repeated at 3 months. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 with @entity102 and 19 @entity354 @entity1 participated. Eight @entity102 @entity1 experienced heartburn at least once weekly. Esophageal manometry and pH test results were similar between the two groups. Nine @entity102 @entity1 had an abnormal pH test. All 11 @entity102 @entity1 completed the 3-month course of @entity4546 . Individual sinus symptoms (nasal congestion, nasal drainage, sinus pressure, facial @entity10 , malaise) and global satisfaction were modestly improved in 25-89% and 91%, respectively, at 12 wk. Resolution of symptoms occurred infrequently. We identified no baseline variable that could predict symptom improvement. Although laryngoscopy and nasal endoscopy were abnormal in most @entity102 @entity1 at baseline and improved in some after treatment, these changes did not parallel symptom improvement. CONCLUSION: In this small, prospective, open label study, we demonstrated a high prevalence of @entity354 in @entity1 with @entity102 , many of whom experienced modest sinus symptom improvement after using @entity4546 b.i.d. for 3 months. These findings warrant further randomized, controlled study in a larger @entity1 population.

title: Role of XXXX in @entity102 : a prospective, open label, pilot trial.

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'chronic resistant sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['GERD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1144 has been known to be more pathogenic than body mass index (BMI). There have been a few reports about the association between visceral @entity28 and surgical outcomes in laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of visceral @entity28 on surgical outcomes undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery. METHODS: Between January 2005 and December 2012, a total of 543 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic resection for @entity14 and had available computed tomography (CT) scans were included in this retrospective study. Visceral fat volumes (VFVs) were measured in preoperative CT scans from S1 to 12.5 cm above. @entity1 were divided into an @entity28 group and a non- @entity28 group according to VFV and BMI. Obesity was defined by VFV >= 1.92 dm(3) (75% value of VFV) or BMI >= 25 kg/m(2). RESULTS: There were 136 (25.0%) and 150 (27.6%) @entity28 @entity1 according to VFV and BMI, respectively. The high VFV group had a longer operative times (165.2    84.4 vs. 146.1    58.9 min; P = 0.016), higher @entity190 during surgery (132.5    144.8 vs. 98.3    109.6 ml; P = 0.012), more frequent conversion to laparotomy (5.9 vs. 1.5%; P = 0.010), and more frequent major complications (Dindo score >= 3; 11.0 vs. 4.7%; P = 0.008), whereas there was no significant difference between the high and low BMI groups. High VFV was a significant independent risk factor for open conversion (odds ratio 4.964, 95% confidence interval 1.336-18.438, P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1144 can be a more clinically useful predictor than BMI in predicting surgical outcomes for laparoscopic @entity14 surgery.

title: Effect of Visceral Obesity on Surgical Outcomes of XXXX Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Visceral obesity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A 40 year old @entity1 presented with a 10 year history of watery @entity294 and an acute @entity1688 . On clinical examination there was severe @entity425 and a nodule was palpable in the thyroid gland. Biochemical testing revealed a hypokalaemia at 1.6 mmol/l. Plasma levels of @entity3549 were raised at 202 pmol/l. CT scanning demonstrated a mass in the area of the left adrenal gland, and isotope scanning of the thyroid gland showed a 'cold' nodule. The plasma @entity2661 and calcitonin were elevated. The @entity1 also presented with @entity146 symptoms, and the relevance of these to her condition has been discussed. At operation a @entity5 was removed. Post-operatively the @entity1 's symptoms disappeared and the plasma hormone levels returned to normal values. Histological examination of the @entity5 revealed a well differentiated phaeochromocytoma which contained @entity3549 and @entity175 . The thyroid nodule was excised and showed histological features of @entity1669 . It is suggested that in all cases of the @entity11563 where the @entity5 is in an extra-pancreatic site @entity1 should be screened for phaeochromocytoma.

title: A case of XXXX due to an adrenal phaeochromocytoma secreting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide with coincidental @entity1669 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['left adrenal tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity11563 :: ('MESH:D003969', 'Disease') :: ['WDHA syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity11563 :: (MESH:D003969,Disease) :: ['watery diarrhoea syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical referral of elderly @entity1 with @entity459 is often deferred because of the perceived risks of general anesthesia, increased age, and comorbidities and also because many of the symptoms of @entity459 are difficult to distinguish from the aging process. HYPOTHESIS: Parathyroidectomy for @entity459 ( @entity459 ) in elderly @entity1 is beneficial and safe. DESIGN: Retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity459 who were 80 years and older. SETTING: Tertiary academic referral medical center. @entity1 : Fifty-four consecutive @entity1 (43 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 83.6 years who underwent parathyroidectomy for @entity459 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Delay in surgical referral; improvement in symptoms and normalization of serum @entity460 and parathyroid hormone levels; and perioperative morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Twelve (22%) of 54 @entity1 had a mean delay of 5 years (range, 1.2-10.0 years) before surgical referral for a known diagnosis of @entity459 . No @entity1 had asymptomatic @entity459 . There was no significant difference in the preoperative mean serum @entity460 level and symptoms of @entity459 resulting from delay in surgical referral. Parathyroidectomy resulted in significant improvement of @entity459 -associated symptoms of @entity1295 , @entity353 , @entity2183 , @entity158 , @entity1142 , and @entity308 (P<.05). All @entity1 had normal serum @entity460 and parathyroid hormone levels postoperatively. The average length of hospitalization was 1.9 days. There were 3 complications (9%): 1 @entity293 , 1 @entity1494 , and 3 transient @entity3747 . There was no perioperative mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Parathyroidectomy in elderly @entity1 is safe, curative, and beneficial. Surgical referral for parathyroidectomy should be considered in elderly @entity1 with @entity459 .

title: Parathyroidectomy for XXXX in octogenarians and nonagenarians: a plea for early surgical referral.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder perforation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the experience of families when a member is diagnosed with @entity5 . DESIGN: Descriptive, qualitative study. SETTING: @entity1 ' homes. SAMPLE: Eight adults, two to five months postdiagnosis, who were receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy for stage I or II solid @entity5 and family members, including seven @entity1 between the ages of 13-18. Thirty @entity1 interviewed total. METHODS: @entity1 recruited from an oncology outpatient clinic and gynecologic inpatient unit of a teaching hospital interviewed on one occasion with at least two immediate family members in @entity1 ' homes. Semistructured interviews were tape-recorded and analyzed for themes and categories using the techniques of constant comparison. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Transitions from health to illness. FINDINGS: Families described a learning process in which information was gathered, interpreted, and shared. Families learned together by reviewing the past, gathering and sharing information, and sharing their experiences of living with someone undergoing treatment for @entity5 . By revealing their own personal perspectives, @entity1 taught their families about their illness experiences and what constituted effective support. CONCLUSIONS: Interactive family learning is a mode of learning and a form of support in which the whole family may participate early in the process of learning to live with @entity5 . IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses can facilitate @entity1 and family learning by considering the interactive manner in which families acquire information. By acknowledging how past experiences with @entity5 inform the present, nurses can help families identify beliefs influencing the illness experience. By including families in teaching sessions; facilitating communication between @entity1 , families, physicians, and nurses; and providing take-home learning materials, nurses can facilitate shared information gathering. Nurses should acknowledge the value of learning about illness by experience, accept @entity1 and families as experts, and encourage revelation of @entity1 ' and families' perspectives of the illness to enhance feedback on support and coping.

title: Interactive family learning following a XXXX diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Central neuroplasticity, or changes in CNS processing due to surgical nociception. can amplify @entity282 . As a result, a @entity1931 state called wind-up can occur, having debilitating effects on postoperative @entity1 . Preemptive @entity1337 works to prevent this process and results in a more positive surgical experience. Inhibition of afferent @entity158 pathways by use of local anesthetic blocks, altered perception of @entity158 with opioid use, and inhibition of @entity158 pathways by @entity143 receptor antagonists are examples of preemptive @entity1337 . Using a combination of preemptive modalities and addressing @entity1 ' perceptions can aid in interrupting pathologic @entity158 cycles. Positive and modest results have been obtained from animal and @entity1 preemptive trials, yet basic pathophysiology demonstrates the validity and importance of preemptive @entity1337 . Future studies are needed to test effective blockade of afferent input while controlling perception, @entity1931 , and @entity143 receptor activity. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research now recommends a multifaceted approach to @entity282 . The goal in @entity158 management is to inhibit destructive @entity158 pathways, maintain intraoperative @entity1337 , and prevent central sensitization. Preliminary results of multimodal preemptive @entity1337 trials continue to be promising.

title: Preemptive XXXX in foot and ankle surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']