abstract: PURPOSE: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a very useful endoscopic technique, making it possible to perform en bloc resection regardless of lesion size. Since the introduction of ESD at our hospital, we have performed 1,000 colorectal ESDs during 56 months. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of our colorectal ESD experience and to access the efficacy and safety of colorectal ESD. METHODS: Between October 2006 and August 2011, we performed ESD on 1,000 consecutive @entity14 in 966 @entity1 . We evaluated the clinical outcomes of all said cases. RESULTS: The mean resected @entity5 size was 24.1    13.3 (3-145) mm. Our overall endoscopic en bloc resection rate was 97.5% (975/1,000), and our R0 resection rate was 91.2% (912/1,000) respectively. Our perforation rate was 5.3% (53/1,000). Of these 53 perforations, 50 cases were treated through conservative management with/without endoscopic clipping, whereas the remaining 3 @entity1 received laparoscopic operation. Pathological examination showed @entity420 in 37.2% of cases (372/1,000) and @entity5 in 11.2% (112/1,000). We recommended additional radical surgery to 82 @entity1 who had a risk of lymph node @entity3 . Follow-up colonoscopies were performed on 722 @entity1 . During the median follow-up period of 13 (1-62) months, there were three recurrences (0.4%). CONCLUSIONS: ESD is technically difficult, with a substantial risk of perforation. However, ESD enabled en bloc resection and pathologically complete resection of large @entity14 and @entity5 . As experience with the technique increases, ESD may gradually replace piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection and radical colon resection in the treatment of @entity14 .

title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection for XXXX cases: one specialized institute's experiences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal tumors', 'neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal epithelial tumors', 'colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors--1,000 colorectal ESD']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether pediatric @entity1252 @entity1 without European ancestry are at higher risk for development of severe @entity1988 (ISN/RPS class III, IV or V). METHODS: Ninety-eight of 101 @entity1 with pediatric @entity1252 (age <18 years at diagnosis) were enrolled. Race/ethnicity of four grandparents, socioeconomic status (SES) and language proficiency were collected. The primary outcome was time to development of severe @entity1988 . RESULTS: Based on @entity1 report of four grandparent ancestry, 29% had at least one grandparent of European ancestry (14% had all four grandparents of European ancestry). @entity1 without European ancestry were 46% Hispanic, 47% Asian, and 3% African American. In the entire 98 @entity1 cohort, 12% had >= 3 different ancestries. @entity1 without European ancestry had significantly lower SES levels and English proficiency. There was no significant difference between @entity1 with or without European ancestry in duration of @entity1252 , age of onset, and lag time between symptoms and diagnosis. @entity1 with at least one grandparent of European ancestry had a decreased risk of developing severe @entity1988 , which remained significant after controlling for age, gender, SES and English proficiency (hazard ratio 0.4, 95% confidence interval 0.2-0.9). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that presence of at least one grandparent of European ancestry decreases the risk of severe @entity1988 , a finding that is not explained by measurable socioeconomic differences and language barriers.

title: European ancestry decreases the risk of early onset, severe XXXX in a single center, multiethnic @entity1252 cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: A @entity235 model was developed to induce @entity2791 . Lesions were induced by exposing the medial aspect of the right and left common iliac arteries in four animals to direct argon laser energy (LA). A 2.5-mm diameter side-firing laser probe was used to deliver 10 W of power in 5-s intervals. Twenty-five pulses were delivered over a 5-cm length of artery with an approximate spot size of 0.8 mm2. Selected arteries (n = 2, LA + @entity9495 ) were injected in the same laser injury site with @entity12374 (10% solution). Injections were accurately accomplished using an angioscopically guided guidewire/needle device. In all cases, the internal elastic lamina was broken with focal disruptions of the media. At 9 and 14 days, the LA (n = 3) and LA + @entity9495 vessels (n = 1) had minimal stenoses (< 5% area reduction). These vessels contained @entity4 media with replacement of necrotic smooth muscle by fibrous tissue. At 23 days, the LA (n = 1) and LA + @entity9495 (n = 1) vessels contained 22% and 33% luminal reductions, respectively, with moderate neointimal proliferation and no evidence of @entity730 . At 56 days the LA vessels (n = 2) contained 30 and 42% luminal area stenoses with marked neointimal @entity1373 . This preliminary data suggests that controlled arterial wall injury with LA irradiation can induce eccentric fibrointimal lesions in a @entity235 model.

title: XXXX : a @entity235 model for angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric iliac artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['Eccentric iliac artery stenosis']


abstract: The long-term effect of @entity1534 eradication on the natural history of duodenal @entity1066 has been investigated and compared with long-term acid suppression treatment in an endemic community for @entity281 . Seventy-three @entity1 with endoscopically verified @entity1534 positive active @entity4773 were included in this prospective study. @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group A @entity1 (n = 39) were given an @entity4546 -based triple eradication regimen, while group B @entity1 (n = 34) were given omeprazole alone followed by long-term @entity6359 20 mg daily as maintenance treatment. A control endoscopy was performed at the third month of treatment. The bacterium was eradicated in 32 (82%) of group A @entity1 . All @entity1 were followed up for two years and an endoscopy performed at the end of each year. @entity1534 recurred in 13 @entity1 and the reinfection rate was 44.8% over two years. @entity4773 recurred in seven of these @entity1 at two years (24.1%). There was a close association between @entity1534 reinfection and @entity1066 relapse. Group B @entity1 remained @entity1534 positive during the study and the @entity1066 recurred in five of these @entity1 (6.6%) despite continuous @entity6359 treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in @entity1066 relapse rate between the groups. These results suggested that @entity1534 eradication is not an absolute solution for @entity4773 in high endemic regions and continuous maintenance treatment with H2-receptor antagonists is still an alternative approach in some chronic recurrent cases.

title: Does the eradication of XXXX cure @entity4773 in communities with a high prevalence rate? Comparison with long-term acid suppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal ulcer', 'duodenal ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: @entity8 can impair kidney perfusion and lead to @entity8 . The mechanisms by which reversible @entity3145 becomes irreversible are not yet certain, although multiple pathways for activation of inflammatory cytokines and tissue @entity82 have been identified. The clinical hallmark of this disorder is loss of glomerular filtration beyond @entity2791 affecting the entire renal mass, usually associated with progressive @entity101 and @entity6112 . Some investigators believe that 12% to 18% of @entity1 reaching @entity454 in western countries may have lost kidney function because of @entity455 . This is an important disorder to identify, because reduction of arterial pressure from antihypertensive therapy may further reduce kidney perfusion. Although administration of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and @entity2178 antagonists lead to functional loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) beyond a stenotic lesion because of the removal of efferent actions of @entity2178 , other antihypertensive agents reduce renal perfusion also. Restoration of renal blood flow by surgical or endovascular methods can prevent progressive disease and sometimes improves renal function. However, clinical series commonly indicate that some @entity1 lose further kidney function after revascularization. This may be explained partly by undetected renal @entity137 related to vascular repair. Hence, selection of @entity1 for renal revascularization requires careful consideration of comorbid disease risk and the balance of risks and benefits regarding progressive @entity8 . Searching for better methods of identifying those individuals at risk for irreversible loss of renal function and who might benefit from vascular repair is a high research priority.

title: Ischemic XXXX / @entity455 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic renal vascular disease', 'deterioration of kidney function', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['fluid retention']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['azotemic renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue injury']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['atheremboli or other toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: Individuals with chronic @entity31 are at increased risk of developing @entity14 , particularly if there is long-standing disease or extensive @entity1960 . It is generally accepted that the risk of @entity14 does not begin until 8 to 10 years after the time of diagnosis of @entity31 . Thereafter it increases by approximately 0.5% to 1.0% per year. In @entity1 with @entity30 , the risk of @entity5 is smaller and less well defined. The most significant predictor of the risk of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity29 is the presence of @entity1141 in colonic biopsies. There is considerable controversy in the literature regarding the efficacy of colonoscopic surveillance programs and the role of prophylactic surgery to prevent @entity14 . Surveillance certainly fails to detect @entity189 in some @entity1 who are having regular colonoscopy. Concerns have also been raised as to the cost-benefit of colonoscopic surveillance in @entity1 with @entity1960 . Randomized controlled trials of surveillance programs are highly unlikely in view of the low prevalence of @entity8787 in the population, the long period of observation required, and the probability of contamination of surveillance programs by colonoscopy for assessment of disease activity. Despite the lack of clear guidelines, surveillance colonoscopy and biopsy continues to be widely practiced. Research is proceeding to identify genetic and biochemical markers that may prove clinically useful for predicting @entity5 risk. At present, however, surveillance programs are likely to continue according to institutional practice. It is important for those participating in such programs to be aware of the limitations of colonoscopy and biopsy as a means of reducing the risk of @entity5 in @entity29 .

title: XXXX and @entity29 : bias, epidemiology, surveillance, and treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: To investigate the effect of endothelin on renin release, experiments were performed in barbiturate-anaesthetized @entity235 with denervated kidneys. Intrarenal infusion of endothelin (1 ng min-1 kg-1 body wt) reduced renal blood flow (RBF) from 145 +/- 10 ml min-1 to 98 +/- 9 ml min-1 without altering renin release (1 +/- 1 microgram angiotensin I (AI) min-1). Renin release was then increased either by renal arterial constriction or @entity432 . When renal arterial pressure was reduced to 50 mmHg, renin release averaged 79 +/- 20 micrograms AI min-1 in six @entity235 and fell significantly to 24 +/- 6 micrograms AI min-1 during endothelin infusion. During @entity432 the inhibitory effect of endothelin on renin release either during inhibition of beta-adrenergic activity with @entity1169 or after inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis by @entity3352 during intrarenal infusion of @entity3044 was examined. After @entity1169 administration @entity432 increased renin release from 5 +/- 2 micrograms AI min-1 to 38 +/- 12 micrograms AI min-1 in six @entity235 . Subsequent intrarenal endothelin infusion (1 ng min-1 kg-1 body wt) during maintained @entity432 reduced renin release to 10 +/- 3 micrograms AI min-1. In six other @entity235 prostaglandin synthesis was inhibited by @entity3352 . Subsequent infusion of @entity3044 (0.2 microgram min-1 kg-1 body wt) to stimulate beta-adrenoceptor activity increased renin release from 13 +/- 4 micrograms AI min-1 to 68 +/- 8 micrograms AI min-1 during @entity432 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inhibitory effect of endothelin on renin release in XXXX kidneys.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: @entity2135 and @entity2620 serum and kidney tissue concentrations were measured in compensatory kidney growth in infantile and adult @entity35 . We hypothesized that the known switch from @entity2620 in fetal life to @entity2135 in adult life may be responsible for the different modes of compensatory kidney growth, which are mainly characterized by @entity1373 in infantile @entity35 and @entity1184 in adult @entity35 . While @entity2135 serum concentrations increased with age in infantile @entity35 , kidney tissue concentrations of @entity2135 showed a similar increase in both age groups after uninephrectomy. In adult rats, serum and kidney tissue concentrations of @entity2620 were unchanged by uninephrectomy. In infantile @entity35 , however, a significant increase in both serum and kidney concentrations of @entity2620 was observed with a maximum at day 5 after uninephrectomy. To investigate if compensatory kidney growth is dependent on hyperperfusion of the remnant kidney, the @entity8 was clipped in infantile @entity35 . The clipped kidney showed @entity851 despite normal kidney tissue concentrations of @entity2135 and @entity2620 . The contralateral kidney was enlarged and @entity2620 kidney concentrations were elevated. However, animals with one clipped kidney and nephrectomy of the contralateral kidney showed compensatory kidney growth of the clipped kidney combined with increased @entity2620 kidney tissue concentrations. We conclude that @entity2620 mainly promotes compensatory kidney growth in infantile @entity35 by @entity1373 . Hyperperfusion of the remnant kidney seems to be unnecessary for initiation of compensatory kidney growth.

title: @entity851 factor-II tissue concentrations during compensatory kidney growth in infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['left renal artery']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I', 'Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Omalizumab (Xolair) dosing in severe @entity56 is based on serum IgE and bodyweight. In Australia, @entity1 eligible for omalizumab but exceeding recommended ranges for IgE (30-1500 IU/mL) and bodyweight (30-150 kg) may still receive a ceiling dose of 750 mg/4 weeks. About 62% of @entity1 receiving government-subsidized omalizumab are enrolled in the Australian Xolair Registry (AXR). OBJECTIVES: To determine whether AXR @entity1 above the recommended dosing ranges benefit from omalizumab and to compare their response to within-range @entity1 . METHODS: Data were stratified according to dose range status (above-range or within-range). Further sub-analyses were conducted according to the reason for being above the dosing range (IgE only vs. IgE and weight). RESULTS: Data for 179 @entity1 were analysed. About 55 (31%) were above recommended dosing criteria; other characteristics were similar to within-range @entity1 . Above-range @entity1 had higher baseline IgE [812 (IQR 632, 1747) IU/mL vs. 209 (IQR 134, 306) IU/mL] and received higher doses of omalizumab [750 (IQR 650, 750) mg] compared to within-range @entity1 [450 (IQR, 300, 600) mg]. At 6 months, improvements in Juniper 5-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5, 3.61 down to 2.01 for above-range, 3.47 down to 1.93 for within-range, P < 0.0001 for both) and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ mean score (3.22 up to 4.41 for above-range, 3.71 up to 4.88 for within-range, P < 0.0001) were observed in both groups. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ) improved among above-range @entity1 . There was no difference in response between above-range and within-range @entity1 . Above-range @entity1 due to either IgE alone or IgE and weight had similar improvements in ACQ-5, AQLQ and FEV1 . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity1 with severe @entity56 above recommended dosing criteria for omalizumab have significantly improved symptom control, quality of life and lung function to a similar degree to within-range @entity1 , achieved without dose escalation above 750 mg.

title: Real-life effectiveness of omalizumab in severe XXXX above the recommended dosing range criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic asthma']


abstract: The present study describes the influence of beta-adrenergic blockade on glycogen utilization and @entity880 accumulation in skeletal muscle of exercising @entity1 . Twelve physically active @entity1 were examined during 25 min of continuous cycle exercise equivalent to 65% of their maximal @entity26 uptake both with and without oral administration of 80 mg of @entity1169 (Inderal). Heart rate, @entity26 uptake, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood @entity880 concentration were measured during exercise. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis after 5 and 25 min of exercise. Beta-adrenergic blockade decreased steady state exercise heart rate by (mean +/- SD) 35 +/- 10 beats . @entity1009 (P less than 0.001) and @entity26 uptake from 2.47 to 2.39 l . @entity1009 (P less than 0.01). Muscle glycogen decreased from the 5th to the 25th min of exercise, and beta-blockade had no significant effect on this decrease. In contrast to without drug, beta-blockade resulted in a decrease (P less than 0.05) in muscle @entity880 concentration from the 5th (6.9 mmol . kg-1 w./w.) to the 25th min (4.8 mmol . kg-1 w./w.). Similarly blood @entity880 levels were lower (P less than 0.05) with than without beta-blockade in the last but not the first 10 min of exercise. The alteration in muscle @entity880 concentration pattern following beta-blockade, may imply that adrenergic effects per se contribute to the stimulation of glycolysis during submaximal exercise, except in its earliest phase. Nevertheless, the effect is not great enough to produce substantial differences in glycogen utilization.

title: Skeletal muscle glycolysis during submaximal exercise following acute beta-adrenergic blockade in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: CONTEXT: A genome-wide bivariate analysis was conducted for @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in a large Caucasian sample. We found some quantitative trait loci shared by @entity1386 and @entity79 in the total sample and the gender-specific subgroups, and quantitative trait loci with potential pleiotropy were disclosed. @entity1386 and @entity79 , as the respective measure for @entity28 and @entity170 , are phenotypically and genetically correlated. However, specific genomic regions accounting for their genetic correlation are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To identify systemically the shared genomic regions for @entity1386 and @entity79 , we performed a bivariate whole-genome linkage scan in 4498 Caucasian individuals from 451 families for @entity1386 and @entity79 at the hip, spine, and wrist, respectively. Linkage analyses were performed in the total sample and the male and female subgroups, respectively. RESULTS: In the entire sample, suggestive linkages were detected at 7p22-p21 (LOD 2.69) for @entity1386 and spine @entity79 , 6q27 (LOD 2.30) for @entity1386 and hip @entity79 , and 11q13 (LOD 2.64) for @entity1386 and wrist @entity79 . Male-specific suggestive linkages were found at 13q12 (LOD 3.23) for @entity1386 and spine @entity79 and at 7q21 (LOD 2.59) for @entity1386 and hip @entity79 . Female-specific suggestive LOD scores were 3.32 at 15q13 for @entity1386 and spine @entity79 and 3.15 at 6p25-24 for @entity1386 and wrist @entity79 . CONCLUSIONS: Several shared genomic regions for @entity1386 and @entity79 were identified here. Our data may benefit further positional and functional studies, aimed at eventually uncovering the complex mechanism underlying the shared genetic determination of @entity28 and @entity170 .

title: A bivariate whole-genome linkage scan suggests several shared genomic regions for @entity28 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['body fat mass', 'BFM']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The topical use of @entity5164 ( @entity5165 ) is intended to reduce bacterial density on @entity1 ' skin. AIM: To assess the impact of body bath or skin cleansing with @entity5165 -impregnated or @entity5165 -saturated washcloths in preventing healthcare-associated infections and colonization. METHODS: This systematic review included published randomized controlled trials, cross-over trials, cohort studies and before-and-after studies. Studies were included if they compared the use of @entity5165 in washcloths with any of the following; soap and water bathing, routine advice, no intervention. FINDINGS: Sixteen published studies and four conference abstracts were included for systematic review. Nine studies reported the impact of @entity5165 on incidence of @entity281 ( @entity281 ); the incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 0.43 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26-0.71]. Five studies assessed the impact of @entity5165 washcloths on incidence of @entity281 ( @entity281 ); the RR was 0.29 (95% CI: 0.17-0.49). Four studies reported the impact on @entity2176 -resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization; the IRR was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.32-0.59). Three studies reported the impact on @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 ( @entity794 ) colonization rate; the IRR was 0.48 (95% CI: 0.24-0.95). Six studies reported the impact on @entity281 ; the IRR was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.42-1.93). Six studies reported the impact on @entity794 infection; the IRR was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.51-1.30). There was no reduction in acinetobacter infection rates in the three studies where this was reported. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the use of non-rinse @entity5165 application significantly reduces the risk of @entity281 , @entity281 and colonization with VRE or @entity794 , but not infection.

title: Impact of non-rinse skin cleansing with XXXX on prevention of healthcare-associated infections and colonization with multi-resistant organisms: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['meticillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI', 'VRE infection', 'CLABSI', 'central-line-associated bloodstream infection']

answer: @entity5164 :: (MESH:C010882,Chemical) :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']


abstract: The present study examined the relation of plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels to plasma LDL @entity165 levels and the impairment of endothelium-dependent coronary vasorelaxation in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). In the first study, the relationship between plasma levels of oxidized LDL and LDL @entity165 were investigated in 88 @entity1 with @entity453 . In the second study, the changes in the diameter of the left anterior descending (LAD) and the left circumflex (LCX) coronary arteries were measured after intracoronary administration of @entity934 (15 microg) and @entity3763 (2.5 mg) in 15 @entity1 with @entity453 . Plasma oxidized LDL levels were determined with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma oxidized LDL levels did not correlate with plasma LDL @entity165 levels (r=-0.03, p=NS). The % diameter changes (mean+/-SEM) in the LAD and LCX after intracoronary @entity934 were -8.3+/-3.5% and -10+/-4.2%, respectively. The % diameter changes in the LAD and LCX after intracoronary @entity3763 were 23+/-4.8% and 23+/-5.1%, respectively. The % diameter changes in the LAD and LCX inversely correlated with plasma oxidized LDL levels after intracoronary @entity934 (LAD: r=-0.55, p=0.03; LCX: r=-0.59, p=0.02), but were not after intracoronary @entity3763 . Plasma LDL @entity165 , @entity412 , and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels did not correlate with the coronary vasoreaction to @entity934 . In conclusion, plasma oxidized LDL levels do not correlate with plasma LDL- @entity165 levels and are related to impairment of endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation in @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: Relationship between plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein and the coronary vasomotor response to @entity934 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: We hypothesized that the drug efflux protein @entity679 ( @entity679 ), the product of the multidrug resistance gene @entity21651 , might influence hepatic expression of @entity43340 or other cytochromes P-450 (P-450s) because @entity679 can transport endogenous regulators of these cytochromes. We began with variants of a CF-1 @entity19 containing a defective @entity678 gene that is inherited in a Mendelian fashion. The amount of @entity43340 protein in liver was inversely related to the gene dose of the normal @entity678 allele in these @entity19 . @entity678 knockout @entity19 of either mixed (FVB x 129/Ola) or pure FVB genetic background and housed in Amsterdam display an increased expression of @entity5795 and @entity43340 proteins. However, because @entity678 ablation causes a compensatory increase in hepatic @entity21651 (which can efflux intracellular glucocorticoids), we reasoned that @entity21651 might mask the overall effect of @entity678 absence on P-450 gene expression. Targeted inactivation of the @entity21651 gene increased P-450 expression, but the effect was modest compared with @entity678 ablation. @entity19 nullizygous for both @entity678 and @entity21651 -type Pgps and kept in Amsterdam had dramatically increased levels of @entity43340 protein as well as other P-450s examined and of the electron donor P-450 reductase. Consistent with the protein results, @entity43340 catalytic activity measured as @entity1363 1'- and 4-hydroxylation in liver microsomes from these knockout @entity19 revealed a rank order of activities with @entity678 /1b > @entity678 > @entity21651 > (+/+) @entity19 . In contrast to results in @entity19 housed in Amsterdam, in the genetically identical @entity678 or @entity678 /1b (-/-) male @entity19 housed in the United States, hepatic P-450 expression was unaffected by @entity21651 genotype or actually showed a slight decrease in @entity678 (-/-) @entity19 . These results provide a revealing picture of @entity21651 -type @entity679 as an upstream regulator of hepatic P-450 expression, and demonstrate that these pharmacologically relevant phenotypes in knockout @entity19 depend not only on the genetic make-up of the @entity19 but also on the environment.

title: Altered expression of hepatic cytochromes P-450 in @entity19 deficient in one or more XXXX genes.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse strain', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity21651 :: (18669(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mdr1']


abstract: This study aimed to develop an estimate of the incidence of all medically-treated injury by level of severity and to broadly describe the epidemiology of injury in the Australian State of Victoria in a given year. Victoria has developed a relatively comprehensive @entity1317 . Data is currently collected by various agencies on @entity204 , hospitalisations and emergency department attendances. The method used to establish the incidence of both unintentional and @entity130 is described. Incidence figures were directly derived, or estimated from, the available Victorian health sector and Coronial data bases for three level of severity ( @entity204 , hospitalisations and medical treatment only) and for causes of injury, age and gender groups, location of the injury event and activity at the time of injury. In 1993/1994, injuries resulted in at least 1487 @entity204 , 67,402 @entity1 hospitalised and an estimated 397,160 medically-treated, non-hospitalised injured @entity1 in Victoria. In total, over 466,000 @entity1 were injured or 10.5 @entity1 per year for every 100 residents. Males sustain 62% of all injuries yet represent 49.5% of the population. Almost three-quarters of @entity130 and over 60% of non-fatal injuries occur among males. Young @entity1 aged 15-24 years account for 22% of all injuries yet represent only about 16% of the Victorian population. @entity1 (0-14 years) also suffer relatively high injury rates, although mainly less severe, while the elderly are at risk of more severe injuries. The leading cause of @entity204 in Victoria is suicide, followed by motor vehicle accidents, whereas falls are the leading cause of all non-fatal injury. Most injuries occur in the home (36%), areas of sport and recreation (12.5%) and transport (11.7%). They are mainly associated with leisure activities (33.1%), work (11%) and transportation (10.8%). This study demonstrates a method for the development of comprehensive injury incidence estimates. The results indicate that injuries have a significant impact on the Victorian community, health care system and economy in general. Reliable incidence data are necessary for descriptive epidemiology and provide the basis for quality of life and economic cost studies. Together this information has potential application for evidence-based strategic planning and evaluation in injury research and prevention.

title: XXXX in Victoria, Australia: developing comprehensive injury incidence estimates.

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury surveillance system']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['injury deaths', 'injury death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['intentional injury', 'injury fatalities']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Injury surveillance']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to know whether the changes in indexes of overweight, body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and percentage of overweight (POW) (%), really represent the tendency toward @entity28 , we examined longitudinal individual changes in these indexes, and the change in body composition in @entity1 during early pubertal period. METHODS: The subjects were 50 school @entity1 who lived in Shizuoka, Japan. Standing height and weight were measured, and BMI and POW were obtained. Body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) were estimated by bioelectrical impedance method. The influence of predictive variables (LBM, FM) on the changes in BMI and POW was investigated by multiple regression analysis. We examined the 3-year changes in BMI, POW and predictive variables in each individual, from 9 to 12 years of age. RESULTS: The mean change of BMI was 1.7 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SEM) kg/m2 and that of POW was 2.2 +/- 1.9%. The influence of predictive variables on the changes in BMI and POW was determined. The variance of the change in POW could be explained by that in FM (r(2) = 0.737, P < 0.0001), while the change in BMI was influenced by both LBM and FM (r2 = 0.891, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the definition of @entity28 , POW is the better index of body @entity1386 to assess its individual change for @entity1 during early pubertal period, because the index independent from the change in LBM is supposed to be the appropriate index for @entity28 in practical use.

title: Assessment of individual changes in body @entity1386 in XXXX during early pubertal period.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boys']


abstract: A 65-year-old @entity1 with no past history of violent or criminal behavior abruptly strangled his wife after she scratched his face during a domestic argument. He appeared emotionally blunted and lacked insight into the motivations for his violent actions. The presence of left-sided @entity75 was initially suggested by subtly decreased dexterity of his dominant right hand. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) revealed a large @entity145 centered in his left Sylvian fissure that effaced ventral frontal, anterior temporal and insular cortical gyri. The left middle cerebral artery was displaced relative to an earlier study, providing indirect evidence that the cyst had enlarged during his adult life. Neuropsychological testing indicated generally intact cognitive abilities except for mild impairment on tests of prospective memory and executive functions. He was found to have intermittently decreased EEG amplitude in the left fronto-temporal region. Positron emission tomography (PET) revealed significantly reduced resting @entity413 metabolism in the @entity1315 . He was also found to have pathological diminution of autonomic responses to affectively charged visual stimuli, a phenomenon previously reported in @entity1 with @entity131 and acquired disturbances of social conduct. In light of these findings, we suggest that his violent behavior represents stimulus-bound @entity146 , triggered by a novel physical threat and unchecked by learned social restraints owing to the presence of ventral prefrontal dysfunction.

title: Impulsive Homicide Associated With an XXXX and Unilateral Frontotemporal @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['ventromedial frontal lobe injury']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal and temporal lobes']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['Arachnoid Cyst']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hepatectomy combined with cryoablation and @entity1068 injection in @entity1 with unresectable multiple liver metastases from @entity14 . METHODS: Clinical data of 23 @entity1 with multiple liver metastases form @entity14 in the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College between January 2005 and December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 15 males and 8 females with average age of 52.2 years. All the @entity1 underwent hepatectomy combined with ultrasound-guided cryoablation and @entity1068 injection intraoperatively. RESULTS: Among 98 lesions in 23 @entity1 , 45 were removed intraoperatively and 53 were treated by cryoablation and @entity1068 injection. Operative time for @entity409 ranged from 27 to 96 minutes and intraoperative @entity190 50 to 450 ml. One @entity1 developed @entity1143 and 1 @entity9958 after operation. All the @entity1 were followed up with a median follow-up time of 34 months(8 to 70 months). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 83.2%, 45.5% and 37.6% respectively. CONCLUSION: Hepatectomy combined with cryoablation and @entity1068 injection is an effective and safe treatment option for @entity1 with unresectable multiple liver metastases from @entity14 .

title: [Hepatectomy combined with cryoablation and XXXX injection for unresectable multiple liver metastases from @entity14 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity9958 :: ('MESH:D009212', 'Disease') :: ['myoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The histological types of @entity43 were investigated and analyzed in China in order to compare with those in other countries, which will benefit to the prevention and treatment of @entity43 . METHODS: The pathological data from 42 197 cases of @entity43 in ten years during 1980 to 1989 were registered according to the WHO classification for @entity43 . Some unsure cases pathologically in the previous diagnosis should be reconfirmed according to the WHO classification. RESULTS: Forty-two thousand one hundred and ninety seven cases of @entity43 were selected from all @entity5 in 21 provinces and 3 major regional cities in China. There were 10 288 (24.4%) @entity5 in all cases. They were composed by 5 650 (54.9%) cases of @entity5 , 1 871 (18.2%) cases of @entity2971 , 873 (8.5%) cases of sex @entity4097 , 1 003 (9.7%) cases of secondary @entity5 , and 891 (8.7%) cases of other @entity5 . The @entity5 constituent ratios were 52.8% and 47.2% respectively in the north and south of the Yangtze River. The histological types of @entity43 were about the same ratios, but the @entity5 were different in Chinese 6 major administrative region and also in the region both north and south of the Yangtze River. The ratio of @entity43 to @entity189 was 1.0:5.9. Borderline @entity19862 appeared to be similar to borderline @entity4347 in frequency. @entity19862 was found to be the most frequent one in @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with reports abroad, the different types of @entity43 in China represent a different distributive pattern. The @entity43 were lower than that in other countries, while the malignant @entity2971 and sex cord @entity5 were 6 and 3 times higher than those abroad, the main metastasizing @entity5 come from @entity189 .

title: [Histological classification in 10 288 cases of XXXX in China].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['borderline epithelial ovarian tumors', 'ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian tumors', 'malignant epithelial ovarian tumors', 'malignant ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'stromal tumors', 'epithelial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteric carcinoma', 'malignant epithelial tumors', 'epithelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4347 :: ('MESH:D018282', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity19862 :: ('MESH:D018284', 'Disease') :: ['serous cystadenocarcinoma', 'Serous cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['cord tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian malignant tumors']


abstract: Four soil samples highly contaminated with metals of urban and mine origin (SE1, SE2, SM1, SM2) and having different physico-chemical proprieties were selected to study @entity920 complexation capacity (LT) of soil solution. The effect of @entity6404 on @entity920 complexation capacity of soil solution was investigated on SE1 and SE2. The complexation capacity was estimated by amperometric titration of soil solution by @entity920 . Free hydrated cation and labile complexes of @entity920 were determined by DPASV. The results show that the @entity920 complexation capacity variation depends on the physico-chemical characteristics of soils, particularly pH. Thus, the values of @entity920 complexation capacity are 0; 0.6 x 10(-7); 1.8 x 10(-7) and 5.5 x 10(-7) mol l-1 respectively for SM2; SM1; SE1 and SE2 which are pH 5; 5.4; 6.5 and 7.4. Based on these results, the bioavailability levels of heavy metals show the following pool ranking: SM2 > SM1 > SE1 > SE2. The @entity920 complexation capacity of soil solution increases with the soil disturbance by @entity6404 . This is more obvious when the time of disturbance by lumbrics is longer. Indeed, average values determined for 1 month and 3 months are 3.8 x 10(-7) and 7.8 x 10(-7) mol l-1 for SE1; 7.7 x 10(-7) and 15.2 x 10(-7) mol l-1 for SE2 respectively. It seems that the action of earthworm on soil can contribute to the decrease of bioavailability of heavy metals, particularly @entity920 .

title: [Influence of the earthworm XXXX on soil solution complexation capacity].

entities_list: @entity6404 :: ('6398', 'Species') :: ['Lumbricus terrestris']

answer: @entity6404 :: (6398,Species) :: ['Lumbricus terrestris']


abstract: The superficial radial nerve might be compressed or injured at various anatomical sites along its course in the forearm. Most of the superficial @entity4542 are caused by pathological lesions such as @entity130 , a mass or tight band at the distal third of the forearm. @entity244 is the most common cause of sensory radial entrapment at the distal forearm. Compression of superficial radial nerve occurring at the proximal third of forearm is unusual. We present a rare case of superficial @entity2850 due to a @entity362 of proximal radius. Results of complete physical and radiological examinations are also presented. Surgical intervention of the @entity5 mass was performed for nerve decompression. The @entity1 reported total relief of the neurological symptom post-operatively. This rare case demonstrates the unique characteristics of @entity362 with unusual superficial @entity4542 at the proximal radius. This report reminds us that there is the possibility of @entity2850 caused by @entity5 mass over the proximal third of forearm.

title: Superficial @entity2850 caused by a XXXX of proximal radius: a case report.

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['parosteal lipoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['superficial nerve compression', 'radial nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Wartenberg's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial nerve neuropathy']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['parosteal lipoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ongoing regimens of @entity1767 , @entity5957 , and @entity2934 are commonly administered to manage behavior problems in nursing home residents. Nevertheless, there is controversy over whether periodic drug withdrawal should be attempted when those medications are prescribed. This study addressed that issue by examining the effects of discontinuing treatment with @entity1767 , @entity5957 , and @entity2934 among residents of a large suburban nursing home. METHODS: In a double-blind, crossover study, half of 58 nursing home residents (43 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 with a mean age of 86 years) continued to take the psychotropic medication they had been prescribed, whereas the other half were tapered to placebo. After 6 weeks of taking placebo or original drug, @entity1 were tapered to the reverse schedule and remained on it for 6 weeks. Assessments included informant ratings by the nursing staff who completed the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. RESULTS: Analyses comparing residents taking placebo to those taking medication after completion of the first phase showed no impact of drug therapy discontinuation on their behavior. Similarly, using the crossover design to compare residents' behaviors while taking placebo vs. taking drugs, withdrawal of medication had no impact on Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory or Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this work suggest that longterm use of @entity1767 , @entity5957 , and @entity2934 in nursing homes to manage @entity2146 should be closely monitored for their efficacy. Furthermore, routine attempts at drug withdrawal should be considered for most residents taking psychotropic medication.

title: Withdrawal of @entity1767 , XXXX , and @entity2934 in the nursing home: a controlled, double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5957 :: ('MESH:D013881', 'Chemical') :: ['thioridazine']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity5957 :: (MESH:D013881,Chemical) :: ['thioridazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity565 is a @entity102 of the airways driven by T cell activation. Th2 cells and their cytokines are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of @entity56 as well as @entity56 . METHODS: Airway cells were obtained by sputum induction from 15 healthy and 39 @entity748 individuals and the airway T cell cytokine profiles (interleukin (IL)-4, @entity225 , @entity4047 , @entity688 and interferon (IFN)-gamma) at the mRNA level were studied by real time RT-PCR. RESULTS: @entity565 @entity1 had increased expression of @entity225 (p = 0.001) and @entity4047 (p = 0.03) mRNA in sputum compared with non- @entity748 controls. @entity3646 mRNA and @entity379 mRNA were detectable in the sputum of 44% and 21% of @entity1 , respectively, but not in controls. Sputum @entity688 mRNA levels did not differ significantly between @entity1 and controls. Sputum mRNA expression levels of @entity3646 , @entity225 , and @entity4047 were significantly correlated with the percentage of eosinophils and were higher in subjects with @entity56 than in those with @entity56 (p = 0.03, p = 0.02 and p = 0.0002, respectively); they did not differ between mild @entity748 subjects and those with moderate to severe @entity565 . In contrast, @entity379 mRNA expression was higher in non- @entity56 than in @entity56 @entity1 (p = 0.04) and higher in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity565 than in those with mild @entity565 (p<0.01). Sputum @entity225 mRNA levels (but not the other cytokine mRNA levels) were also correlated with exhaled @entity842 (eNO) and with @entity6587 expressed as the @entity112 concentration resulting in a 20% decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second. CONCLUSION: Real time RT-PCR analysis of mRNA in induced sputum confirms a predominance of Th2 cytokines in both @entity56 and @entity56 . @entity225 levels reflect eosinophil infiltration as well as eNO levels and hyperreactivity, and levels of the @entity1198 cytokine @entity379 indicate @entity565 severity. The technique is a promising tool for use in further studies of @entity565 severity and disease activity.

title: Evaluation of airway inflammation by quantitative @entity1198 /Th2 cytokine mRNA measurement in sputum of @entity565 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'allergic asthma', 'non-allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Endoscopic biliary stenting is an accepted modality of palliation of @entity5 . Delayed stent @entity4222 causing intra-peritoneal perforation of duodenum, is a rare life threatening complication. Proximal adhesion of stent to the @entity5 is believed to increase the intensity of distal @entity130 produced by the intra-duodenal segment, preventing its adaptation to intestinal peristalsis and causing perforation. Low bacterial load and containment of leak by gut and omentum blunts the clinical features. Unexplained abdominal discomfort in stented @entity1 should alert the clinician to its possibility, irrespective of the delay between stent placement and onset of symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment is desirable but aggressive surgical management with gastro-biliary diversion, tube duodenostomy, antibiotics, bowel rest and parenteral alimentation followed by distal alimentation, may make up for the delay in those presenting late. A case of 7 days old intra-peritoneal duodenal perforation following delayed @entity4222 (3 months) of endobiliary stent presenting with atypical features is reported. Stent's distal end was protruding through the duodenum with its proximal end in CBD. Mortality, fistulization, abscesses and @entity295 are known complications but were not observed in our case. Much of the management can be done minimally invasively, if recognized early.

title: Intra-peritoneal duodenal perforation caused by delayed XXXX of endobiliary stent: a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant biliary obstructions']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

answer: @entity4222 :: (MESH:D014085,Disease) :: ['migration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Time targets for @entity2613 stays are used as a policy instrument to reduce @entity2613 crowding. There is debate whether such policies are helpful or harmful, as focus on a process target may divert attention from clinical care. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the Shorter Stays in Emergency Departments target in New Zealand was associated with a change in the quality of @entity2613 discharge information provided to primary care providers. METHODS: The quality of discharge summaries was assessed retrospectively over time using chart review. Logistic regression was used to account for secular trends with adequate or not as the dependent variable. Explanatory variables were: age, ethnicity, deprivation, triage category, year, the step at target introduction (2009) and the change in @entity7939 before and after the target. RESULTS: Of 500 randomly selected discharge summaries, 491 (98.2%) were included in the analysis. There was evidence of a decrease over time in the proportion of adequate discharge summaries before the introduction of the target ( @entity7939 estimate ( @entity7939 ) -0.43 (0.20), p=0.02). A step at the target introduction could not be shown (p=0.47). There was evidence of an improvement over time from pre-target to post-target: @entity7939 afterwards 0.33, estimate of change in @entity7939 ( @entity7939 ) 0.76 (0.27), p=0.006. CONCLUSIONS: There was no reduction in the quality of discharge summaries following the introduction of the shorter stays in @entity2613 target and trends in quality improved. These findings deserve replication in other hospitals which may experience different challenges.

title: The effect of the Shorter Stays in Emergency Departments health target on the quality of XXXX discharge summaries.

answer: @entity2613 :: (MESH:C536181,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Dandruff is a chronic, relapsing scalp condition that negatively impacts the quality of life of sufferers. Regular use of anti-fungal shampoos represents a proven therapeutic strategy to improve the most common symptoms of flakes and itch. Two recent approaches for enhancing the efficacy of anti-fungal shampoos are maximizing bio-availability of the active material or the addition of a second active material. Our aim is to compare the therapeutic efficacy of these two approaches - maximization of bio-availability of the @entity31731 (ZPT) active material or the combination of ZPT with a secondary active material. METHODS: The anti-fungal potency of shampoos representing each of these approaches was evaluated in vitro using a standard microbiology method. Spatial delivery of ZPT particles in the follicular infundibulum was assessed in vivo using a novel confocal microscopy methodology. Clinical efficacy was assessed in a randomized, double-blind trial involving 620 male and female subjects using scalp flaking and epidermal @entity112 level as endpoints. RESULTS: The shampoo formula with maximized ZPT bio-availability known as the Potentiated ZPT formula exhibited greater anti-fungal potency than the Dual Active shampoo containing both @entity31731 and @entity45608 . The Potentiated ZPT formula also delivered more ZPT to the lower infundibulum than the Dual Active shampoo. A 4-week treatment with the Potentiated ZPT formula resulted in superior clinical efficacy compared with the Dual Active product at all 4  weekly time points for both flaking and epidermal @entity112 endpoints. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the critical role that the shampoo vehicle plays in realizing full potency of active materials. By optimizing the delivery vehicle, the enhanced anti-fungal potency and the maximized spatial delivery of active materials result in greater symptomatic improvement than a product with two active materials. The therapeutic efficacy of a product based on a complex delivery vehicle such as a shampoo must be considered from a full-product perspective rather than just the active system as the non-active components of the composition will often play a significant role in the overall product pharmacology and resultant efficacy.

title: Therapeutic efficacy of anti-dandruff shampoos: a randomized clinical trial comparing products based on potentiated @entity31731 and XXXX / @entity45608 .

entities_list: @entity31731 :: ('MESH:C010423', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc pyrithione', 'ZPT']

entities_list: @entity45608 :: ('MESH:C108286', 'Chemical') :: ['climbazole']

answer: @entity31731 :: (MESH:C010423,Chemical) :: ['zinc pyrithione']


abstract: A @entity407 clinic in which a pharmacist provides primary care is described. The clinic was established at a Veterans Affairs medical center in January 1990. A pharmacist performs limited physical assessments, refers @entity1 to other clinics as necessary, orders laboratory and diagnostic tests, and selects and monitors the use of lipid-lowering medications. Interventions are performed according to the pharmacist's clinical judgment; there is no set protocol. Recommendations for @entity1 management are approved by an attending physician, who prescribes the antilipemic drugs. The pharmacist teaches @entity1 about @entity407 , the impact of diet and life-style, and the mechanism of action, administration, and adverse effects of the antilipemics prescribed. The pharmacist also monitors compliance, laboratory test values, and the response to treatment. Treatment is modeled after the recommendations of the National @entity165 Education Program. If a @entity1 has not achieved the targeted @entity165 concentration after receiving dietary therapy for three months, further education about diet and lifestyle is provided. If, after three more months, the @entity165 level remains high, drug therapy is begun. Four antilipemic drugs-- @entity10641 , @entity8445 , @entity5753 , and @entity1670 --are used in the clinic. Since it began operating, the clinic has enrolled 284 @entity1 . Compliance with the lipid-lowering agents has ranged from 43% to 100%. Adverse effects have accounted for the majority of cases of noncompliance. A pharmacist provides primary care for @entity1 with @entity407 in an ambulatory-care clinic.

title: Pharmacist management of a XXXX clinic.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10641 :: ('MESH:D003084', 'Chemical') :: ['colestipol']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['gemfibrozil']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 were injected intravenously with 5 x 10(6) primary bone marrow (BM) blasts from newly diagnosed @entity1 with E2A- @entity31250 fusion transcript positive t(1;19)(q23;p13) pre-B @entity981 ( @entity981 ). A marked variation existed in the pattern and extent of leukemic cell engraftment in @entity466 @entity19 challenged with t(1;19) @entity981 . Blasts from some @entity1 caused disseminated @entity1778 that was detected by histopathology and/or flow cytometry, whereas blasts from other @entity1 produced @entity1778 that was only detected by flow cytometry and/or polymerase-chain reaction. Notably, the ability of primary t(1;19) @entity981 to cause disseminated @entity1778 in @entity466 @entity19 was associated with poor prognosis. Six of six @entity1 whose blasts caused disseminated @entity1778 in @entity466 @entity19 relapsed at a median of 7.8 months (range: 5.7 to 25.2 months). In contrast, the remaining four @entity1 whose blasts did not engraft or only partially engrafted remain in complete remission at 28 to 47 months. A new E2A-PBX-1 fusion transcript positive t(1;19) pre-B @entity981 cell line (designated LC1;19) with the composite immunophenotype CD7-CD10+CD19+CD45-HLA-DR+C mu+ was established by expanding BM blasts from a @entity466 @entity19 , which died of @entity1 t(1;19) @entity981 at 7 weeks after inoculation of primary @entity1778 from a t(1;19) @entity981 @entity1 . This cell line caused disseminated and invariably @entity1778 when greater than 10(4) cells were injected intravenously into @entity466 @entity19 . Total body irradiation followed by syngeneic BM transplantation (BMT) showed limited efficacy against LC1;19 @entity1778 in @entity466 @entity19 . To our knowledge, this study is the first to (1) examine the in vivo growth of primary t(1;19) @entity981 in @entity466 @entity19 and (2) show that @entity1778 from a majority of newly diagnosed t(1;19) pre-B @entity981 @entity1 cause disseminated @entity1 @entity1778 in @entity466 @entity19 . Our results indicate that t(1;19) pre-B @entity981 is biologically heterogeneous with regard to its in vivo growth pattern in @entity466 @entity19 , a feature that may be predictive of prognosis. The described LC1;19 @entity466 @entity19 model may prove particularly useful for designing more effective treatment strategies against @entity981 .

title: XXXX t(1;19)(q23;p13) pre-B @entity981 in @entity19 with severe combined immunodeficiency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'poor-prognosis t(1;19) ALL', 'pre-B ALL blasts', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic blasts', 'occult leukemia', 'fatal leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'Severe combined immunodeficient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Aim of the study was to evaluate clinical, angiographic profile and percutaneous endovascular management of @entity12040 . BACKGROUND: @entity12040 is a chronic @entity1333 affecting the aorta and its major branches. Although it is more prevalent in Asia, the distribution of the disease is worldwide with different vascular involvement patterns and clinical manifestations. METHODS: In this prospective study a total of 50 consecutive @entity1 who were reported as having @entity12040 between January 2010 and April 2016 were evaluated. Detailed clinical presentation and angiograms of all @entity1 were analysed. RESULTS: 50 @entity1 were analysed during study period. Among 50 @entity1 , 43(86%) were female and 7 (14%) were male. Average age of presentation was 26.92years. Most common clinical presentation was @entity613 (74%) followed by, musculoskeletal symptoms (48%), @entity1295 (46%), @entity353 (22%), @entity10 (22%), @entity227 (16%), @entity1163 (10%), dyspnoea (20%). Most common features were absent/diminished pulses (80%), difference in blood pressure (80%), followed by bruit (70%) @entity101 (64%), @entity64 (8%), @entity712 (8%) and @entity337 (4%). According to the new angiographic classification, angiographic type I (40%) was encountered most frequently, followed by @entity164 (30%), type V (16%), type IIb (8%), type IIa (2%), and type IV is (4%). Angioplasty was the main stay of treatment in 66% of the @entity1 , remaining 34% of them were treated medically either with corticosteroids or @entity1499 . CONCLUSION: @entity12040 is a rare disease, affects mainly @entity1 , manifestations range from @entity10094 , found as a result of impalpable pulses or bruits, to catastrophic @entity16 . @entity12040 is the common cause of @entity2792 . Angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Angiographic evaluation and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting is useful in selected cases.

title: Clinical, angiographic profile and percutaneous endovascular management of XXXX - A single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis"]

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu's arteritis']


abstract: The ultrastructural features of paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic ( @entity4525 ) neurons and of their axons were studied in lactating and dehydrated @entity35 . Under both conditions of stimulation, the PVN and @entity4525 neurons and their axons enlarge. The protein synthesizing apparatus of the neurons becomes activated, but the number of neurosecretory granules (NSG) is decreased. No differences are seen between the PVN and @entity4525 neurons during lactation or @entity2700 . The similarity and simultaneity of the response of the PVN and @entity4525 neurons to these two different stimuli is discussed in the light of the theory of nuclear and neuronal specialization for the production of only one hormone. After prolonged lactation of over 2 1/2 weeks' duration, neurons with extreme vacuolation of the @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) appear in the PVN and @entity4525 ; the vacuolated neurons appear earlier and predominantly in the PVN involving a maximum of 10-15% of all PVN neurons. Vacuolated neurons were never seen in either nucleus during @entity2700 of up to 6 days' duration. The vacuolation is suggested to represent an exhaustion phenomenon due to an intense, long-lasting stimulus for @entity398 synthesis. The predominant location of the vacuolated neurons in the PVN supports the theory that @entity398 is produced predominantly in the PVN. The decrease in the number of NSGs during these states of enhanced hormone secretion is considered to corroborate the proposed existence of an extragranular fast axoplasmic transport mechanism in PVN and @entity4525 neurons. The possible existence of a reuptake mechanism into NSGs, similar to that in the vesicles of monoaminergic nerve endings is discussed.

title: Ultrastructural studies on the hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons of the @entity35 . III. Paraventricular and supraoptic neurons during lactation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'RER']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

answer: @entity2700 :: (MESH:D003681,Disease) :: ['dehydration']


abstract: 1. @entity35 kept in a @entity519 chamber (10% O2) for 3 or more weeks developed @entity8158 , muscularization of pulmonary arterioles and @entity11998 . These changes resemble those found in @entity1 @entity519 and, in particular, in @entity1 dying from chronic airways obstruction. 2. Resolution of these changes was studied in a normal environment and in an intermittently normal, intermittently @entity519 environment. The latter regimen modelled the situation of @entity1 with @entity3618 receiving long-term intermittent @entity26 therapy. 3. In a normal environment @entity8158 and @entity11998 were resolved in 6 weeks but vessel changes were not resolved in 12 weeks. 4. In the intermittently normoxic environment (40 or 80 h in air per week) there was some resolution of @entity8158 in 6 weeks but no significant @entity6520 or in @entity11998 in 12 weeks.

title: Resolution of @entity519 changes in the heart and pulmonary arterioles of @entity35 during intermittent correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity11998 :: ('MESH:C548016', 'Disease') :: ['polycythaemia']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in vessel thickening']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic disease', 'hypoxic']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The current focus in dynamic reanimation of @entity3541 lies not only in restoring movement but also regaining smile spontaneity. It has been argued that a spontaneous smile can only be achieved using the contralateral facial nerve as donor via cross-face nerve grafting. Techniques based on the motor nerve to the masseter, however, have shown good rates of spontaneity as well. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with complete @entity3541 reanimated using free gracilis to masseteric nerve or @entity2103 were included. @entity1 were grouped according to gender comparing the rates of spontaneous smile. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 (17 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ) underwent gracilis innervated by the masseteric nerve whereas @entity2103 was performed in 30 cases (14 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ). For both techniques, @entity1 showed significantly higher rates of spontaneity. Additionally, @entity1 recovered spontaneity earlier than @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Along with providing a strong and reliable commissural pull, the motor nerve to the masseter is able to restore spontaneity as well. @entity1 seem more prone to achieving it. Brain plasticity and the close relationship between the cortical areas of the @entity2103 are most likely the mechanisms underlying smile spontaneity.

title: Spontaneity of smile after XXXX rehabilitation when using a non-facial donor nerve.

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['masseteric and facial nerves', 'masseteric-to-facial nerve transfer']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial paralysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the time course, cause, and imaging characteristics of all new @entity409 in pediatric @entity1 with a previously treated @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our hospital cancer registry was used to identify @entity1 between 1980 and 2005 who met the following criteria: solid @entity5 , survival > 2 years after diagnosis, no @entity409 at a posttreatment baseline, and cross-sectional imaging follow-up of > 2 years. Final dictated reports of all cross-sectional imaging examinations including the abdomen were reviewed for any mention of new @entity409 . Positive reports were followed by consensus review of the images and clinical data. @entity1 were divided into three groups: those with suspected or proven @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ), those with suspected or proven @entity3 , and those with other lesions. An exact Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the differences between the groups. RESULTS: Of 967 @entity1 who met the initial inclusion criteria, 273 had adequate follow-up to be included in the study. Forty-six @entity1 (16.8%) developed new @entity409 during the study period, and 14 of those 46 were classified into the @entity4383 group (30.4%) and seven were classified into the @entity3 group (15.2%). A significant difference was found in the median time to the development of @entity4383 versus @entity3 and other lesions ( @entity4383 , 92.9 months; @entity3 , 43.2 months; other lesions, 18.5 months; p < 0.0001). A significant difference was also seen in the median length of @entity1867 ( @entity4383 , 115.6 months; @entity3 , 57 months; other lesions, 50.8 months; p = 0.002). The imaging features of the groups also differed. CONCLUSION: The most common @entity409 encountered in pediatric @entity1 previously treated for @entity5 was @entity4383 , which occurred farther from the time of diagnosis and had different imaging characteristics from both @entity3 and other @entity409 .

title: Incidence and etiology of new XXXX in pediatric @entity1 previously treated for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions', 'liver lesion']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['FNH', 'focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['follow-up between the groups']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver lesions']


abstract: The effects on @entity460 and @entity1760 absorption of dietary native and retrograded cornstarch were studied in @entity35 . Uncooked high amylose starch granules (35% of total @entity413 equivalents as enzyme-resistant starch) and cooked and cooled (-20 degrees C) high amylose starch (24% of total @entity413 equivalents as retrograded resistant starch) were used as test starches, and cooked normal starch (3% of total @entity413 equivalents as resistant starch) was used as control starch. Native vs. control starch raised the amount of polymerized @entity413 in ileum, but not in feces. Retrograded starch produced more polymerized @entity413 than control starch in both ileum and feces. When compared with control starch, ileal pH was significantly lowered by native starch and tended to be raised by retrograded starch. Cecal pH was lowered by the two preparations rich in resistant starch. Apparent absorption of @entity460 and @entity1760 was raised by native starch but not by retrograded resistant starch. @entity460 concentrations in the liquid phase of the ileum tended to be elevated by native starch but were significantly lowered by retrograded starch relative to control starch. @entity1760 and @entity460 concentrations in liquid cecal contents tended to be raised with native starch; they were unchanged with retrograded starch. It is suggested that native resistant starch raised @entity460 and @entity1760 absorption because it tended to enhance the solubility of these minerals in ileal and cecal digesta.

title: Dietary native resistant starch but not retrograded resistant starch raises @entity1760 and XXXX absorption in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity29730 ( @entity29730 ) is a rare @entity121 that mainly occurs in Japan. And that is characterized by prominent involvement of the gastrocnemius muscles. Here we report two @entity1 , brother and sister, from a German family. Onset of the disease was at the age of 20 and 22 years, respectively. In both siblings, there was an early and predominant involvement of the gastrocnemius muscles. @entity908 kinase activity was elevated 37- to 95-fold above normal. Electromyography revealed fibrillations, positive sharp waves and a @entity121 pattern, particularly in the distal muscles of the lower limbs. Histology of the gastrocnemius muscles showed @entity121 changes consistent with @entity3986 . Occurrence in these two siblings but in no other family members was indicative of an autosomal-recessive inheritance. Our report indicates that @entity29730 may also be found in Germany, and that it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity121 .

title: XXXX of Miyoshi type. Report of two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity29730 :: ('MESH:C537480', 'Disease') :: ['Miyoshi myopathy', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic', 'distal myopathies', 'distal myopathy']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['Distal muscular dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One alternative to an allogeneic transfusion is the salvaging of the @entity1 's own shed blood. In this study, @entity3474 blood was allowed to clot and the RBCs that were released from the clotted blood lysed with and without urokinase were washed before autologous transfusion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty-four studies were done in 13 @entity6599 (Papio cynocephalus or @entity3474 ) over a 3-year period. In 24 studies, a 50-mL volume of blood was collected without an anticoagulant and stored at 22 degrees C for as long as 72 hours before washing and autologous transfusion. In 20 other studies, a 50-mL volume of blood was collected without an anticoagulant and allowed to clot for 30 to 60 minutes. Urokinase, ranging from 2,500 to 10,000 units per mL, was added, and the blood was stored at 22 degrees C for 24 hours before washing and autologous transfusion. RESULTS: RBCs that were stored at 22 degrees C without urokinase for 24 hours exhibited an in vitro recovery value of 45 percent, a (51)Cr 24-hour posttransfusion survival of 86 percent, and an index of therapeutic effectiveness of 39 percent. The (51)Cr T(50) value was normal at 14 days, and RBC @entity26 -transport function was slightly reduced. RBCs that were stored at 22 degrees C for 24 hours with 10,000 units per mL of urokinase exhibited an in vitro recovery value of 89 percent, a (51)Cr 24-hour posttransfusion survival value of 86 percent, and an index of therapeutic effectiveness of 76 percent. The (51)Cr T(50) value was normal at 14 days, and the RBC @entity26 -transport function was only slightly reduced. CONCLUSION: Autologous @entity3474 RBCs isolated from clotted blood treated or not treated with urokinase and washed before transfusion have excellent survival and normal or only slightly reduced @entity26 -transport function.

title: Survival and function of XXXX RBCs released from clotted blood and washed before autologous transfusion.

entities_list: @entity3474 :: ('9555', 'Species') :: ['baboon', 'Papio anubis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['baboon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5684 ( @entity5684 ( @entity5684 )) is a rare metabolic disease that can severely compromise health, well-being and life expectancy. Little evidence has been published on the impact of @entity5684 on health-related quality of life (HRQL). The objective of this study was to describe this impact using the Hunter Syndrome-Functional Outcomes for Clinical Understanding Scale (HS-FOCUS) questionnaire and a range of standard validated questionnaires previously used in paediatric populations. METHODS: Clinical and demographic characteristics collected in a clinical trial and responses to four HRQL questionnaires completed both by @entity1 and parents prior to enzyme replacement treatment were used. The association between questionnaire scores and clinical function parameters were tested using Spearman rank-order correlations. Results were compared to scores in other paediatric populations with chronic conditions obtained through a targeted literature search of published studies. RESULTS: Overall, 96 male @entity1 with @entity5684 and their parents were enrolled in the trial. All parents completed the questionnaires and 53 @entity1 above 12  years old also completed the self-reported versions. Parents' and @entity1 ' responses were analysed separately and results were very similar. Dysfunction according to the HS-FOCUS and the CHAQ was most pronounced in the physical function domains. Very low scores were reported in the Self Esteem and Family Cohesion domains in the CHQ and HUI3 disutility values indicated a moderate impact. Scores reported by @entity1 and their parents were consistently lower than scores in the other paediatric populations identified (except the parent-reported Behaviour score); and considerably lower than normative values. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the impact on HRQL in @entity1 with @entity5684 and provides a broader context by comparing it with that of other chronic paediatric diseases. Physical function and the ability to perform day-to-day activities were the most affected areas and a considerable impact on the psychological aspects of @entity1 ' HRQL was also found, with a higher level of @entity73 (particularly @entity158 and Self Esteem) than that of other paediatric populations. Such humanistic data provide increasingly important support for establishing priorities for health care spending, and as a component of health economic analysis.

title: The impact of XXXX ( @entity5684 ) on health-related quality of life.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment across most dimensions']

entities_list: @entity5684 :: ('MESH:D016532', 'Disease') :: ['MPS II', 'mucopolysaccharidosis type II', 'Hunter syndrome']

answer: @entity5684 :: (MESH:D016532,Disease) :: ['Hunter syndrome']


abstract: @entity463 is a highly invasive and aggressive @entity1313 that is very difficult to treat. The @entity35 @entity11 cell line CNS-1 is a widely used, well-characterized model of @entity11 . We have used CNS-1 to study @entity5 that @entity75 . The CNS-1 cells were stably transfected with the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) variant Venus to enable standard one-photon and two-photon imaging. In this protocol, we describe how to prepare a cranial window and how to inject the @entity5 cells into the cerebral cortex at a depth suitable for two-photon imaging. Imaging can begin 24 h after implantation of the cells. Two-photon imaging uses a long excitation wavelength (920 nm); the emission spectrum is the same for the fluorophore as for standard one-photon imaging (emission maximum = 528 nm). Two-photon microscopy permits tissue imaging to depths of 500  m with three-dimensional (3D) high resolution and minimal photodamage to surrounding tissues. Multiple imaging sessions can be conducted over weeks in the same animal, depending on how long the cranial window remains clear and how quickly the @entity5 grows. Using this technique, the kinetics of @entity5 growth and invasion into the surrounding brain parenchyma can be measured in the same animal. This model can be used for determining the molecular and cellular players in @entity1313 growth and invasion and for testing potential drug therapies to prevent brain @entity3 .

title: XXXX imaging: live imaging of @entity11 by two-photon microscopy.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['initiate within the brain parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrative glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain tumor']


abstract: The aim of this study was evaluate the predictive value of a 2 week course of @entity617 on the effect of 6 months treatment with inhaled @entity4184 in @entity1 with stable @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). Forty @entity1 with stable @entity1030 entered the study, and received @entity617 (37.5 mg o.d.) for 2 weeks. They were subsequently divided into @entity134 -irreversible and @entity134 -irreversible, using 15% of baseline as a dividing point. In each group @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity4184 400 micrograms b.i.d. or placebo for 6 months. During treatment with @entity617 , three @entity1 dropped out because of side effects. Of the remaining 37, only two @entity1 (5%) were reversible with @entity617 forced expiratory volume in 1s [(FEV1) > 15% of baseline], and among the @entity134 -irreversible, 26 @entity1 were evaluated after 6 months treatment with either placebo or @entity4184 . No significant differences in spirometry values, symptoms, or number of exacerbations were found between these two groups. Reversibility with @entity617 is rarely seen in @entity1030 . In outpatients with stable @entity1030 and no signs of @entity565 or atopy, 2 weeks treatment with @entity617 seems to be of no value in choosing subsequent long-term therapy.

title: @entity134 reversibility test followed by inhaled @entity4184 or placebo in outpatients with stable XXXX . The Danish Society of Respiratory Medicine.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Here, we report a simple, green and economic process for the synthesis of highly fluorescent @entity505 nanoparticles (CPs) through low-temperature carbonization of a fruit waste, @entity7588 peel. This approach allows the large-scale production of aqueous @entity1480 without any additives and post-treatment processes. The as-prepared CPs were of small particle size, exhibited bright blue fluorescence under UV irradiation (  max   =  365  nm) with excellent colloidal stability in water. The chemical composition, structure and morphology of the as-prepared CPs were analyzed using various spectroscopic techniques such as X- @entity16039 diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and raman spectroscopy. The formed CPs were turbostratic in nature, with a large number of functional groups on the surface. We explored the adsorption characteristics of the formed CPs for wastewater treatment. Because of the negative surface of the CPs, as evident from the zeta value, it is possible to use them for selective adsorption of the cationic dye @entity6693 from a mixture of dyes. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm revealed that the Langmuir model better describes the adsorption process than the Freundlich model. As-prepared CPs rapidly adsorbed ~84% of the @entity6693 within 1  min and can be regenerated and used repeatedly. Copyright    2016 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Fluorescent @entity505 nanoparticles from XXXX as efficient sorbents for pollutant dyes.

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity7588 :: ('2711', 'Species') :: ['Citrus sinensis']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['CPs dispersions']

answer: @entity7588 :: (2711,Species) :: ['Citrus sinensis']


abstract: We have isolated Cngsc, a hydra homologue of @entity49306 gene. The homeodomain of Cngsc is identical to the vertebrate (65-72%) and @entity238 (70%) orthologues. When injected into the ventral side of an early @entity1238 embryo, Cngsc induces a partial secondary axis. During head formation, Cngsc expression appears prior to, and directly above, the zone where the tentacles will emerge, but is not observed nearby when the single apical tentacle is formed. This observation indicates that the expression of the gene is not necessary for the formation of a tentacle per se. Rather, it may be involved in defining the border between the hypostome and the tentacle zone. When Cngsc(+) tip of an early bud is grafted into the body column, it induces a secondary axis, while the adjacent Cngsc(-) region has much weaker inductive capacities. Thus, Cngsc is expressed in a tissue that acts as an organizer. Cngsc is also expressed in the sensory neurons of the tip of the hypostome and in the epithelial endodermal cells of the upper part of the body column. The plausible roles of Cngsc in organizer function, head formation and anterior neuron differentiation are similar to roles @entity49306 plays in vertebrates and @entity238 . It suggests widespread evolutionary conservation of the function of the gene.

title: Cngsc, a homologue of XXXX , participates in the patterning of the head, and is expressed in the organizer region of Hydra.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity49306 :: (33240(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['goosecoid']


abstract: The comparative acute, @entity137 of @entity26244 for three day-old avian species is presented. The seven-day LD50 value for White Leghorns was calculated to be 3.4 +/-0.19 mgm./kg., for @entity233 to be 5.9 +/- 0.72 mgm./kg., and for @entity5872 to be 16.5 +/- 0.56 mgm./kg., body weight. The dose-response curves are linear and parallel through one standard deviation on either side of the LD50 when log-dose is plotted against probit for survivors. It is suggested that the mechanism of action of @entity26244 is similar in the three species, though the potency differs. The reduction in weight gain of Leghorn survivors was proportional to dose, and was observed in two separate traials over an overall dosage range from 0.2 mgm./kg. to 5 mgm./kg. The @entity233 showed only a slight reduction in weight gain at doses less than 4mgm./kg., a more marked reduction being observed at higher dose levels. The quail did not show reduction of weight gain at dose levels below 10.9 mgm./kg., though the reduction was proportional to dose at higher levels. All birds dying of acute ochratoxicosis revealed a progression of symptoms from listlessness, huddling, occassionally @entity294 , @entity2055 , prostration and @entity204 . Viscereal gout was observed at necropsy of the Leghorns.

title: Acute oral ochratoxicosis in day-old White Leghorns, @entity233 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['oral toxicity']

entities_list: @entity26244 :: ('MESH:C025589', 'Chemical') :: ['ochratoxin A']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese Quail']


abstract: @entity694 is the second most common cause of @entity5 death in the United States. Screening effectively decreases @entity14 mortality. This study aims to evaluate the impact of @entity14 screening within a Veterans Affairs Medical Center and treatment outcomes. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for a retrospective analysis of all @entity14 cases that were identified through the Tumor Registry of the Robley Rex VA Medical Center from 2000 to 2009. Data collected included age at diagnosis, race, risk factors, diagnosis by screening versus symptomatic evaluation, screening test, @entity5 location and stage, operation performed, operative mortality, and survival. A value of P < 0.05 on Fisher's exact,   (2), analysis of variance, or Cox regression analyses was considered significant. Three hundred fifty-four @entity1 with @entity14 (255 colon, 99 rectal) were identified. One hundred twenty-one @entity1 (34%) were diagnosed by screening. In comparison with those diagnosed by symptom evaluation (n = 233), these @entity1 had earlier stage @entity5 , were more likely to have a curative intent procedure, and had improved 5-year survival rates. Older @entity1 (older than 75 years old) were more likely to present with symptoms. High-risk @entity1 were more likely to have colonoscopic screening than fecal occult blood testing. More blacks had Stage IV disease than nonblacks. Curative intent 30-day operative mortality was 2.1 per cent for colectomy and 0 per cent for rectal resection. Screening for @entity14 in the veteran population allows for better survival, detection at an earlier stage, and higher likelihood of resection.

title: The impact of XXXX screening in a veteran hospital population.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon and rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with childhood-onset @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ) are usually retested after achievement of near final height, to verify whether they need to continue GH treatment. We investigated if GH stimulation test is necessary to confirm a persistent status of @entity2338 or if other parameters could be a reliable predictors of @entity2338 persistence. METHODS: 164 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity2338 (55 females and 109 males) were retested when they reached near final height using GH releasing hormone ( @entity7704 )+ @entity369 test or @entity369 alone. RESULTS: At diagnosis, 23.8% of @entity1 showed severe @entity2338 ( @entity146 ) and 76.2% showed partial @entity2338 (GH peak <10 ng/ml). At time of retesting, 82.1% of severe @entity2338 and 82.4% of partial @entity2338 @entity1 showed transient @entity2338 . @entity442 levels were not different between persistent (0.18  1.18 SDS) and transient @entity2338 subjects (0.17  0.82 SDS). Furthermore, among persistent severe @entity2338 @entity1 only two showed very reduced levels of @entity442 (<-2.0 SDS). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 idiopathic @entity2338 proved to be transient. @entity442 levels alone do not discriminate subjects with persistent from those with transient @entity2338 . Therefore, after the end of GH substitutive treatment, a re-evaluation of GH secretion is mandatory to verify the persistence of @entity2338 in adulthood.

title: Is retesting in growth hormone deficient XXXX really useful?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency', 'GHD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['GH peak at diagnosis <5 ng/ml']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']