abstract: We investigated the effect of oxidative stress induced by @entity273 ( @entity274 ) on lipid @entity2625 (LPO) level and nuclear maturation in porcine oocytes cultured with or without cumulus cells. After 22   h of pre-culture, oocytes with attached cumulus cells (COC group) or denuded oocytes (DO group) were cultured with @entity274 , and intra-oocyte @entity274 and LPO levels were quantitatively analyzed using immunofluorescence. This is the first report evaluating LPO levels in porcine oocytes. After @entity274 supplementation, the DO group showed severe accumulation of @entity274 and LPO in the oocytes. Similarly, while inhibition of progression of nuclear maturation was observed in both groups, the effect was more severe in the DO group. These results demonstrate that cumulus cells reduce the accumulation of @entity274 stress in oocytes. Furthermore, we attempted to reduce the oxidative stress by @entity274 with @entity6211 , a @entity274 scavenger. @entity6211 decreased @entity274 and LPO levels in the oocytes in both groups, and improvement in the progression of @entity73 was observed. These effects were different by the presence of cumulus cells. Our results provide that @entity6211 is useful for alleviating @entity274 -induced oxidative stress by reducing LPO levels and improving the progression of nuclear maturation.

title: XXXX improves @entity273 -induced impairment of nuclear maturation in porcine oocytes.

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['L-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired nuclear maturation']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity6211 :: (MESH:D002331,Chemical) :: ['L-carnitine']


abstract: This study investigated 11 @entity1 with localized @entity1362 of the knee that was diagnosed and treated by arthroscopic technique. There were six male and five female @entity1 between the ages of 15 and 59 years (mean, 34.6 years). Seven @entity1 reported extension limitation without joint line tenderness. Four of the 11 @entity1 had a history of @entity130 before the onset of knee symptoms. All @entity1 were treated by arthroscopic resection with partial synovectomy. The most common involved site was the anteromedial synovium near the anterior horn of the medial meniscus (five @entity1 ). The remaining cases were located in the anterior fat pad (two @entity1 ), suprapatellar pouch, posteromedial compartment, medial gutter, and the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus. Nine @entity1 had one mass, and the remaining @entity1 each had two or three masses. There was no evidence of recurrence at followup for an average of 29.9 months (range, 24-48 months). Arthroscopy is effective in the diagnosis of localized @entity1362 with minimal morbidity, and complete arthroscopic excision can be considered the definitive treatment for localized @entity1362 .

title: Arthroscopic treatment for localized XXXX of the knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1362 :: ('MESH:D013586', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented villonodular synovitis']

answer: @entity1362 :: (MESH:D013586,Disease) :: ['pigmented villonodular synovitis']


abstract: The induction of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange in vivo in @entity19 spleen and bone marrow as well as in vitro in cultured @entity19 spleen cells by the insecticide @entity5179 ' (cis-trans 1:1) was investigated. The percentage of chromosomal aberrations in the spleen and in the bone marrow as almost the same and reached its maximum 6 h following i.p. injection. The aberrations induced were chromatid and chromosome gaps, fragments and @entity8339 . The insecticide caused a significant and dose-dependent increase in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in @entity19 bone-marrow cells: it reached 11.12 +/- 0.05 per cell after treatment with @entity5179 at 300 mg kg-1 body wt. compared with 3.7 +/- 0.14 per cell and 4.4 +/- 0.26 per cell in the solvent and control, respectively. The percentage of viable cells in @entity19 spleen cell cultures reached 87.4% and 99.9% relative to the control after treatment of the cell cultures with 10(-3) and 10(-7) @entity5179 , respectively. All the tested concentrations of @entity5179 (0.25-400 micrograms ml-1) induced a high percentage of metaphases with chromosomal aberrations after 4 h of treatment. The mean frequency of SCEs per cell reached 15.1 +/- 0.05 after treatment with @entity5179 at 4.00 micrograms ml-1 compared with 8.6 +/- 0.23 and 5.9 +/- 0.39 in the solvent and control, respectively. The results indicate that @entity5179 is genotoxic in @entity19 spleen and bone marrow as well as in cultured @entity19 spleen cells.

title: Induction of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange in vivo and in vitro by the insecticide XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5179 :: ('MESH:C017160', 'Chemical') :: ['Cypermethrin', "'Cypermethrin"]

entities_list: @entity8339 :: ('MESH:D057891', 'Disease') :: ['tetraploidy']

answer: @entity5179 :: (MESH:C017160,Chemical) :: ['cypermethrin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: What is the relationship of " @entity5748 " in @entity1 with @entity302 to certain types of hemispheric interaction? DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : Two @entity1 with @entity302 considered to be surgical candidates referred for the intracarotid amobarbital sodium procedure (IAP). Each individual had presented with different "personalities" in a characteristic temporal relationship to their @entity410 . INTERVENTIONS: Intracarotid @entity20611 procedure, Wada test, and electroencephalogram. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Behavioral observations made during the performance of the IAP. RESULTS: During the IAP, each @entity1 's peri-ictal "personality" changes were precisely replicated. No @entity410 activity was noted during the IAPs. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that the association of @entity5748 and @entity302 is not dependent on @entity410 discharges per se, but rather may be related to certain types of hemispheric interaction.

title: The association of XXXX and @entity302 . Intracarotid amobarbital test observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['multiple personality', 'multiple personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['temporolimbic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity20611 :: ('MESH:D000654', 'Chemical') :: ['amobarbital sodium']

answer: @entity5748 :: (MESH:D009105,Disease) :: ['multiple personality']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A 14-week, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled study of Japanese @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) who were randomized to either @entity4480 60mg once daily or placebo. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of @entity4480 monotherapy in Japanese @entity1 with @entity1643 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In Japan, @entity4480 is approved for the treatment of @entity308 , diabetic @entity9 , and @entity158 associated with @entity239 ; however, no clinical study of @entity4480 has been conducted for @entity1643 . METHODS: The primary efficacy measure was the change in the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) average @entity158 score from baseline to Week 14. Secondary efficacy measures included @entity158 ( @entity158 , @entity158 , @entity158 right now), @entity1 's Global Impression of Improvement ( @entity39697 ), Clinical Global Impressions of Severity (CGI-S), and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ), among other measures, as well as safety and tolerability. RESULTS: In total, 458 @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity4480 (n=232) or placebo (n=226). The BPI average @entity158 score improved significantly in the @entity4480 group compared with that in the placebo group at Week 14 (-2.43  0.11 vs-1.96  0.11, respectively; between-group difference [95% confidence interval],-0.46 [-0.77 to-0.16]; p=0.0026). The @entity4480 group showed significant improvement in many secondary measures compared with the placebo group, including @entity158 ( @entity158 , @entity158 right now) (between-group difference:-1.69  0.10, p=0.0009; -2.42  0.12, p=0.0230, respectively), @entity39697 (2.46  0.07, p=0.0026), CGI-S (-1.46  0.06, p=0.0019), and RDQ (-3.86  0.22, p=0.0439). Adverse events occurring at a significantly higher incidence in the @entity4480 group were @entity2147 , @entity1142 , @entity390 , @entity1296 , and @entity2133 , most of which were mild or moderate in severity and were resolved or improved. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4480 60mg was effective and well tolerated in Japanese @entity1643 @entity1 .

title: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Trial of XXXX Monotherapy in Japanese @entity1 with @entity1643 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'CLBP']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine', 'Duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['BPI pain', 'least pain', 'pain', 'worst pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity4480 :: (MESH:C058218,Chemical) :: ['Duloxetine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review our experiences in and evaluate the efficacy of pericardial devascularization with splenectomy for the treatment of portal @entity101 . METHODS: From May 1972 to October 1999, 508 @entity1 with portal @entity101 were treated with this operation. 319 of them had @entity82 , and 141 late stage @entity2040 or accompanied chronic @entity99 . RESULTS: The @entity548 control rate was 94.1%, and the overall operative mortality rate was 4.5%. The major causes of @entity204 were @entity360 , @entity548 , @entity1578 . The mean follow-up time was 3.8 years. The 5-year survival rate was 94.1%, and the 10-year survival 70.7%. The 5-year recurrent @entity548 rate was 6.2%. The 10-year recurrent @entity548 rate was 13.3%. The rate of postoperative hepatic @entity75 was 2.5% at 5 years, and 4.1% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Pericardial devascularization with splenectomy was the first choice for the treatment of portal @entity101 , especially for @entity82 . The following were our experience: (1) thorough porto-azygos disconnection; (2) performing the operation in according to pericardial anatomy with correct surgical techniques; (3) selection of operative candidates and opportunity; (4) emphasizing perioperative management and preventing complications.

title: [Pericardial devascularization with splenectomy for the treatment of portal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['posthepatitic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'intraabdominal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure and hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Penetrating injuries of the abdomen which occur primarily from gunshots and stabbing become increasingly prevalent in @entity1 . Our purpose is to assess the presentation, management and outcome of @entity1 with penetrating @entity3511 (PAFI) and to evaluate the value of @entity130 ( @entity130 ) for predicting @entity130 and eventual morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with PAFI. Between 1985 and 1997, 69 @entity1 < or = 15 years of age with PAFI were hospitalized at our institution. Their hospital records were reviewed retrospectively. Of the 69 @entity1 with PAFI, 53 were @entity1 and 16 were @entity1 . The mean age was 9.6. The causes of PAFI were explosives (44%), gunshot (39%) and @entity130 (17%). The most common organ injured was the small bowel followed by colon and liver respectively. @entity260 were seen in 12 @entity1 . The mean value of @entity130 was 16.8; 41 @entity1 had an @entity130 value of > or = 16. The value of @entity130 was significantly higher in @entity1 with complication than in those without complication. The @entity1 with @entity130 value > or = 16 were hospitalized significantly longer than those with < or = 15 of @entity130 . Particularly @entity130 were commonly associated with severe morbidity. @entity130 can be useful for predicting the severity of injury and the occurrence of morbidity.

title: Characteristics of penetrating XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal firearm injuries']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['shotgun injuries', 'ISS', 'Injury Severity Score', 'injury severity']

answer: @entity3511 :: (MESH:D000007,Disease) :: ['abdominal firearm injuries']


abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the orthostatic stress test on changes in aortic pressure gradients in @entity1 with @entity472 ( @entity472 ). METHODS: The orthostatic stress test was performed in 56 @entity472 @entity1 . The maximum aortic gradient was compared between the supine and the upright position (using Doppler echocardiography from the apical window). The left hand of each @entity1 was kept on top of their head for both readings. 21 @entity1 were excluded from the study for three reasons: 1) @entity955 (significant beat-to-beat variability of measured gradient), 2) suboptimal Doppler signal during the orthostatic test, and 3) aortic gradient significantly higher in suprasternal or right parasternal windows than in apical window (different direction of stenosed blood jets) in the supine examination. The last limitation (#3) is methodologically important because during the orthostatic examination, only the transapical measurement was used. We were able to analyze 35 @entity472 @entity1 (20 males, 15 females, mean age 74.8        9.2 years). RESULTS: The wide range of severity of @entity472 was examined (maximal aortic gradient in the supine position from 30 to 146 mmHg). With regard to statistical trends, the mean value of the maximum aortic gradient significantly decreased after orthostatic stress (from 87.5        28.6 to 75.8        23.7 mmHg), p   >   0.01). In 7 @entity1 (increasing responders) the peak aortic gradient slightly increased during the stress test. Five of the seven only increased by a few percent. The other two @entity1 increased by nearly 10%. In contrast, the remaining 28 @entity472 @entity1 ' gradient decreased by as much as 40% (decreasing responders). CONCLUSIONS: The orthostatic position test frequently generated a decrease of "theoretically fixed at rest" valvular gradient in @entity472 . The combination of the stiffened stenotic valve apparatus and a reduced LV preload may be responsible for this decreasing response.

title: Orthostatic stress echocardiography as a useful test to measure variability of transvalvular pressure gradients in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very few series have reported indications for and results of hepatectomy for isolated unique or multiple liver metastases (LM) from a noncolorectal primary. We performed a prospective analysis of 147 @entity1 submitted to hepatectomy for LM to evaluate the results and indications for this unusual type of treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Of 538 @entity1 submitted to hepatectomy for a @entity5 between 1984 and 1996, 147 underwent operations for noncolorectal LM. Conventional and unconventional hepatectomy procedures were used with intermittent clamping of the hepatic pedicle, and in some @entity1 with intermittent vascular occlusion of the liver. RESULTS: Postoperative hospital mortality was 2%. The crude 5-year survival was 36%, and survival without progressive disease was 28%. No difference was observed in survival when synchronous and metachronous LM were compared, or when @entity1 with more or fewer than three LM were compared. Five-year survival rates were 20% for 35 @entity0 , 74% for 27 @entity5 , 46% for 20 @entity5 , 18% for 13 @entity242 , and slightly less than 20% for 11 @entity356 , 10 @entity320 , and 7 @entity5 of the gallbladder, according to the primary. Survival exceeded 20% for 6 gynecologic @entity5 but was disappointing for @entity135 , when the primary was unknown, or when the @entity5 was truly undifferentiated. CONCLUSIONS: Certain guidelines emerge from this series on the indications and uses of adjuvant chemotherapy. Indications for hepatectomy are relatively straightforward for neuroendocrine, testicular, and @entity703 . Hepatectomy for LM from other primaries appears beneficial in certain @entity242 , @entity0 , and perhaps @entity320 , for which selection criteria, unfortunately, remain obscure.

title: Resection of liver metastases from a noncolorectal primary: indications and results based on 147 monocentric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast and gynecologic cancers']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'malignant tumor', 'testicular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of and the factors associated with @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity1897 in @entity1 attending clinical and outpatient @entity6 centers. The design was a multicenter cross section study with random selection of @entity1 with @entity164 1 or @entity164 2 @entity6 from seventeen German, three Swiss, and two Austrian inpatient and outpatient @entity6 centers. A total of 1,642 @entity1 were recruited, 1,171 of whom ( @entity164 1: n = 647, age: 11-69 years; @entity164 2: n = 524, age: 16-72 years) were studied. Measurements and results. The following six autonomic function tests based on heart rate variation were used for the diagnosis of @entity65 : coefficient of variation and power spectrum in the low- and mid-frequency bands at rest, mean circular resultant during deep breathing, Valsalva ratio, and max/min 30:15 ratio to standing. The age-dependent lower limit of the normal range in these tests had previously been defined at the 2.3 centile in 120 healthy subjects. Definite @entity65 defined by the strict criterion of abnormal results in > or = 3 of these 6 tests was detected in 16.8% of the @entity164 1 and 22.1% of the @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 (p < 0.05). The corresponding rates of borderline @entity65 defined as the presence of 2 abnormalities were 8.5% and 12.2%, respectively (p < 0.05). @entity1897 defined as the presence of > or = 2 abnormalities among 3 criteria ( @entity1109 , @entity427 , and @entity10795 perception threshold) was observed in 17.1% of @entity164 1 and 34.8% of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prevalence and clinical correlates of @entity65 and peripheral diabetic neuropathy in XXXX attending @entity6 centers. The Diacan Multicenter Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral neuropathy', 'peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity10795 :: ('MESH:D053421', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal malleolar vibration']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['absent tendon reflexes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CADN', 'cardiovascular autonomic diabetic neuropathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity23738 is a mitogenic growth factor, which is widely expressed during embryonic development but only at a very low level in adult tissues. Alternative splicing of the @entity1 @entity23738 gene potentially allows coding for 4 protein isoforms (a, b, e, f), which differ in their transforming capacity. The @entity23738 isoforms preferentially activate the receptors FGFR1IIIc, FGFR2IIIc, FGFR3IIIc and @entity16756 . @entity23738 is over-expressed in @entity1 @entity0 . Expression has also been found in RT-PCR studies of @entity1 @entity43 . The present study was undertaken to examine which @entity23738 isoforms are expressed in @entity43 and whether @entity23738 receptors are also expressed. Specimens from 5 normal @entity1 ovaries and 51 @entity43 (1 @entity5 , 8 borderline @entity5 , 42 @entity5 of different histopathological types) were studied by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. @entity23738 isoform b was expressed in all @entity43 and in all 7 @entity43 cell lines studied. Isoform a was co-expressed in 9 malignant @entity43 . @entity23738 mRNA was not detected by RT-PCR of 3 normal ovary samples. Immunohistochemical staining localized @entity23738 protein to @entity5 cells. In general, the increased intensity of @entity23738 staining was associated with @entity5 (Bowker's test, p = 0.37). @entity23738 staining of surface epithelium observed on 2 normal ovaries was very faint. RT-PCR showed that FGFR1IIIc, FGFR2IIIc and @entity16756 were the @entity23738 receptors expressed in normal ovaries and in @entity43 . @entity23738 receptor immunoreactivity was preferentially found in normal ovary surface epithelium and @entity5 cells but also in some stromal cells. Collectively, our results show that @entity43 of a wide variety of histological types expressing receptors for @entity23738 have acquired the capacity of expressing @entity23738 . This suggests that @entity23738 has an important role in ovarian tumorigenesis.

title: Expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-8 isoforms and FGF receptors in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian-cancer', 'ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer', 'ovarian and testicular cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'loss of differentiation within the tumors', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: The @entity137 of @entity47624 , an effective inhibitor of allergic mediator release in pharmacology models, was evaluated in rodents and @entity235 . Median lethal doses at 24-hr postdose ranged from 343 to 453 mg/kg in @entity19 and 806 to 2058 mg/kg in @entity35 . Delayed @entity137 was observed at 300 mg/kg and greater in @entity19 and at 500 mg/kg and greater in @entity35 . Mortality and clinical intolerance occurred in @entity35 at 200 and 400 mg/kg in the subacute studies, and at 100 and 150 mg/kg in the 13-week study. In @entity35 , dose-dependent lymphoid tissue @entity194 and depletion or @entity39 of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues were seen in deaths and moribund terminations. Although doses up to 60 mg/kg administrated for 2 weeks to @entity235 were well tolerated, 60 and 120 mg/kg in the 13-week @entity235 study were poorly tolerated. Cutaneous sores, mucocutaneous @entity3389 , @entity391 , @entity294 , and @entity353 were identified at these lethal doses. Histopathologic changes in @entity235 included @entity8650 , and gastric ulceration at 60 and 120 mg/kg, and thymic @entity194 at 20 mg/kg and greater. Doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg were no-effect doses in 13-week repeated dose studies in @entity235 and @entity35 , respectively. These results were used to support initial @entity1 clinical trials of @entity47624 .

title: XXXX of @entity47624 , a novel anti-allergy agent.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial, vascular and soft tissue inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3389 :: ('MESH:D019522', 'Disease') :: ['purulent discharge']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: The ribosomal stalk is directly involved in the interaction of the elongation factors with the ribosome during protein synthesis. The stalk is formed by a complex of five proteins, four small acidic polypeptides and a larger protein which directly interacts with the rRNA at the GTPase center. In eukaryotes the acidic components correspond to the 12-kDa P1 and P2 proteins, and the RNA binding component is the P0 protein. All these proteins are found phosphorylated in eukaryotic organisms, and previous in vitro data suggested this modification was involved in the activity of this structure. Results from mutational studies have shown that phosphorylation takes place at a @entity563 residue close to the @entity1473 end of the P proteins. Modification of this @entity563 residue does not affect the formation of the stalk and the activity of the ribosome in standard conditions but induces an osmoregulation-related phenotype at 37 degrees C. The phosphorylatable @entity563 is part of a consensus casein kinase II phosphorylation site. However, although CKII seems to be responsible for part of the stalk phosphorylation in vivo, it is probably not the only enzyme in the cell able to perform this modification. Five protein kinases, RAPI, RAPII and RAPIII, in addition to the previously reported CKII and PK60 kinases, are able to phosphorylate the stalk proteins. A comparison of the five enzymes shows differences among them that suggest some specificity regarding the phosphorylation of the four @entity375 acidic proteins. It has been found that some typical effectors of the @entity6164 kinase stimulate the in vitro phosphorylation of the stalk proteins. All the data suggest that although phosphorylation is not involved in the interaction of the acidic P proteins with the ribosome, it can affect the ribosome activity and might participate in a possible ribosome regulatory mechanism.

title: Phosphorylation of the XXXX ribosomal stalk. Functional effects and enzymes involved in the process.

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: With the newer techniques of culture analysis such as the BACTEC 9240 fluorometric detection system, detecting @entity2259 in the neonate may be possible in a significantly shorter time. We hypothesized that @entity2259 can be detected in less than 48 hours by this method. STUDY DESIGN: Our study included a retrospective review of 613 blood cultures obtained during the period August 1, 1995 to March 18, 1996 taken from 325 @entity1 who had cultures drawn with a sepsis work-up and/or repeat cultures who had initial positive cultures in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Results of blood cultures were studied in conjunction with the variables of body weight, gestational age, organism grown, complete blood count (CBC), and timing of positive cultures. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's and two-tailed Student's t tests. RESULTS: The results showed that of 325 @entity1 blood cultures 49 (15%) were positive. Of these, 64% were coagulase-negative staphylococci, 14% viridans streptococci, 8% @entity526 , 4% Enterococcus sp., 4% Pseudomonas sp., 2% Enterobacter sp., 2% @entity4005 sp., and 2% @entity5132 . Of the positive blood cultures taken from @entity1 not on antibiotics at the time of culture, 54% were detected positive at 18 hours, 71% at 24 hours, and 100% by 30 hours. Detection time by organism type was as follows: coagulase-negative staphylococci, 21.7 hours; viridans streptococci, 15.6 hours; @entity526 , 7.5 hours; Enterococcus sp., 12 hours; Enterobacter sp., 5 hours; @entity4005 sp., 10 hours; and Pseudomonas sp., 12 hours. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the BACTEC 9240 fluorometric detection system helps in early @entity2259 (in 24 to 30 hours), with Gram-negative organisms being detected earlier than Gram-positive organisms (p < 0.05) and having significantly higher immature neutrophils in a CBC (I:T ratio of > or = 0.2 (p < 0.001). Early detection of @entity2259 using this method will allow earlier diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the potentially bacteremic and bacteremic @entity1 .

title: Early detection of XXXX in the neonatal intensive care unit using the new BACTEC system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'identification of neonatal bacteremia', 'neonatal bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Determination of the impact of the filling status of the organs at risk (bladder and rectum) on the uterus mobility and on their integral dose distribution in radiotherapy of gynaecological @entity5 . METHODS: In 29 @entity1 suffering from cervical or @entity1204 scans were carried out for treatment planning, one with an empty bladder and rectum, the second one with bladder and rectum filled. The volumes of the organs at risk were calculated and in 14 @entity1 , receiving a definitive radiotherapy, the position of the uterus within the pelvis was shown using multiplanar reconstructions. After generation of a 3D treatment plan the dose volume histograms were compared for empty and filled organs at risk. RESULTS: The mobility for the corpus uteri with/without bladder and rectum filling was in median 7 mm (95%-confidence interval: 3-15 mm) in cranial/caudal direction and 4 mm (0-9 mm) in posterior/anterior direction. Likewise, cervical mobility was observed to be 4 mm (-1-6 mm) mm in cranial/caudal direction. A full bladder led to a mean reduction in organ dose in median from 94-87% calculated for 50% of the bladder volume (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed-ranks test). For 66% of the bladder volume the dose could be reduced in median from 78 to 61% (P < 0.005) and for the whole bladder from 42 to 39% (P < 0.005), respectively. No significant contribution of the filling status of the rectum to its integral dose burden was noticed. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the mobility of the uterus increased margins between CTV and @entity343 superiorly, inferiorly, anteriorly and posteriorly of 15, 6 and 9 mm each, respectively, should be used. A full bladder is the prerequisite for an integral dose reduction.

title: Impact of the filling status of the bladder and rectum on their integral dose distribution and the movement of the uterus in the treatment planning of gynaecological XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer two CT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of associated anomalies and document changes and progress in the management and outcome of @entity9727 ( @entity1146 or @entity850 ) in a large series over a long time period with a view to providing comprehensive data for prenatal counselling. DESIGN: A retrospective casenote review. SETTING: A quaternary referral centre for paediatric and neonatal surgery. POPULATION: Two hundred and seventy-five @entity1 born with duodenal obstruction between 1951 and 1995. METHODS: For analysis of management and outcome data, the series was divided into three groups, each admitted over 15 year periods: Group A, 1951-1965; Group B, 1966-1980; Group C, 1981-1995. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary: associated anomalies, complication rates and survival. Secondary: age at diagnosis, duration of hospital stay. RESULTS: There were 136 males and 139 females. Seventeen of 30 cases (57%) presenting between 1991 and 1995 were diagnosed prenatally on ultrasound scan. The median age at diagnosis for @entity1146 was 3.5 days (Group A); 2.2 days (Group B) and 1.8 days (Group C). The median age at diagnosis for @entity3885 was five days. Associated anomalies included @entity1467 (n = 82, 30%); Down's plus cardiac @entity600 (n = 38, 14%); isolated cardiac (n = 64, 23%); and @entity344 (n = 116, 42%). Overall complication rates fell from 51% (Group A) to 18% (Group C) and survival increased from 51% to 95% . Median hospital stay also decreased from 35 days to 18 days. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm a progressive improvement in the outcome of @entity9727 over the past 45 years. It is important to note that they only relate to @entity1 born with duodenal @entity1146 and do not take into account possible 'hidden' mortality resulting from @entity2208 or termination.

title: XXXX : trends in management and outcome over 45 years (1951-1995) with relevance to prenatal counselling.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic duodenal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete obstruction']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal problems']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity9727 :: (MESH:D004380,Disease) :: ['Intrinsic duodenal obstruction']


abstract: @entity604 due to unloading of the skeleton may be caused by an acceleration of osteoclastic bone resorption as well as a decline of osteoblastic bone formation. Recently, two molecular species that play important roles in osteoclastogenesis were discovered: (i) the @entity5271 ( @entity5271 )/ @entity5271 / @entity5271 induces osteoclastogenesis; and (ii) the @entity16323 /osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor potently inhibits osteoclastogenesis. To investigate the effects of gravity on gene expression of @entity5271 and @entity16323 , a @entity19 bone marrow-derived stromal cell line, ST2, was cultured on a single axis clinostat, which generates a vector-averaged gravity environment. Northern blot analysis revealed that @entity5271 mRNA was increased, whereas that of @entity16323 decreased. The clinostat culture also caused an increase in intracellular cyclic ( @entity268 ) level. Both @entity1928 and @entity8279 mimicked the regulation of @entity5271 and @entity16323 transcription in clinostat culture. These modulations of gene expression in clinostat culture were blocked by a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, @entity9501 , but not by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, @entity3352 . The enhancement of @entity5271 gene expression under clinostat culture and its inhibition by H89 were confirmed by a reporter assay with the @entity19 @entity5271 5'-flanking region. These results suggest that modulations of @entity5271 and @entity16323 expression in stromal cells might be one of the causes of @entity604 during skeletal unloading. An elevation of intracellular @entity268 level caused through an as yet undetermined pathway is involved in modulation of @entity5271 and @entity16323 expression during clinostat culture.

title: Vector-averaged gravity regulates gene expression of receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) ligand and XXXX in bone marrow stromal cells via cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity5271 :: ('21943(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['osteoclast differentiation factor', 'RANKL', 'receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand', 'osteoprotegerin (OPG) ligand']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl-cAMP']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity16323 :: (18383(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['osteoprotegerin']


abstract: AIMS: To test the hypothesis that @entity6009 augments coronary collateral blood flow and decreases @entity741 during balloon angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 with @entity66 and @entity5749 were studied. Collateral flow was determined during balloon inflations, based on the distal velocity time integral (13 @entity1 ) or on coronary wedge/mean arterial pressure measurements (10 @entity1 ). The 2nd and 3rd inflations lasted the same time and between them 1.5 mg intracoronary @entity6009 in 10 ml normal saline was administered over 3 min. In 21 control subjects normal saline alone was given. In the flow velocity group the velocity time integral was 78.5+/-53.1 mm during the 2nd inflation and 106.0+/-43.2 mm during the 3rd (p<.05), while the ST deviation was 1.1+/-.7 and .7+/-.7 mm, respectively (p<.05). In the intracoronary pressure group the CWP/ @entity2610 was .40+/-.10 during the 2nd inflation and .45+/-.11 during the 3rd (p<.05), while the ST deviation was 1.2+/-.8 and .8+/-.8 mm respectively (p<.05). In the controls no variables changed during the tested inflations. CONCLUSION: Intracoronary administration of @entity6009 augments coronary collateral flow and decreases @entity741 during balloon angioplasty. This could be of clinical significance in the management of @entity63 .

title: Intracoronary XXXX augments coronary collateral blood flow and decreases @entity741 during balloon angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

answer: @entity6009 :: (MESH:D007650,Chemical) :: ['ketanserin']


abstract: Forty-two @entity14 with metastatic @entity96 at four hospitals were investigated retrospectively. The number of @entity1 in H factor 1, 2 and 3 were 8, 12 and 21, respectively. The diameter of the maximum @entity96 ranged from 10 to 160 mm (average 45 mm). The number of @entity96 were from 1 to 50 (average 7.3). The 6-, 12-, 18-, 24- and 32-month cumulative survival rates were 88, 67, 36, 24%, and 7%, respectively. The response rate reached 45%, and the survival period of the responder was significantly more prolonged than that of the unresponder (p = 0.04). No significant survival periods were recognized in terms of the method of injection, injected drug and the amounts of @entity1487 . But the response rate of FP injection was best. Patients serum @entity478 levels at 1 or 3 months were decreased, and the survival periods were significantly longer than for increased @entity1 . No significant difference was found among the side effects, the amounts of @entity1487 , and the method of injection. The @entity1 injected with @entity1139 frequently suffered from G 2 or G 3 side effects.

title: [Intraarterial infusion therapy for unresectable liver metastasis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence rate of @entity5027 diagnoses in Denmark 1980-1990 according to maternal age, to analyse regional variations, to investigate how often cerclage is applied, and finally to estimate abortion rates among @entity1 with @entity5027 with and without cerclage. DESIGN: A register-based retrospective cross section study. SETTING: All Danish gynecological departments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 1977, all hospitalized @entity1 in Denmark have been centrally recorded by diagnosis according to the ICD classification and by operation codes in The National @entity1 Register. From this database, all @entity1 with @entity5027 ( @entity5027 ) and cerclage in the period 1980-1990 were identified. From the same database all cases of spontaneous @entity5852 were registered. RESULTS: A total of 2756 cases of @entity5027 were registered in the period 1980-1990, corresponding to an incidence rate of 4.6/1000 births. The risk of @entity5027 increased from 2/1000 births among @entity1 15-19 years old to 7.5/1000 births among @entity1 35-39 years old. The incidence rate of the @entity5027 -diagnosis fell 44% from 1980 to 1990. The incidence rates in different counties ranged from 1.7/1000 births to 10.0/1000 births. The average length of stay in hospital among @entity1 with @entity5027 was three weeks. Among @entity1 with @entity5027 , 61% were treated with cerclage. This per cent increased from 29% among @entity1 15-19 years old to 68% among @entity1 35-39 years old. 13.5% of @entity1 with @entity5027 experienced @entity2208 . This percentage increased from 12% for @entity1 15-19 years old to 17% among @entity1 40-44 years old (p < 0.01). Among @entity1 with @entity5027 and cerclage, the abortion rate was 17.6%. CONCLUSION: In the period 1980-1990 the incidence rate of @entity5027 in Denmark was on the average 4.6/1000 births. The incidence rate of the @entity5027 -diagnoses has fallen significantly during the last decade, and it increases four-fold with increasing age. Six out of ten @entity1 with @entity5027 were treated with cerclage.

title: XXXX and cerclage in Denmark 1980-1990. A register based epidemiological survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortions']

entities_list: @entity5027 :: ('MESH:D002581', 'Disease') :: ['cervical incompetence', 'CI']

answer: @entity5027 :: (MESH:D002581,Disease) :: ['Cervical incompetence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the chair test for diagnosis of @entity426 . BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity426 can be difficult. Contained in Paul Blocq's original descriptions of @entity426 in 1888 are 11 case descriptions of @entity1 with @entity13299 abasia. One description was of a @entity1 who had a "hysterical @entity426 but could propel a chair while seated normally. METHODS: Based on Blocq's paper, we describe 9 consecutive @entity1 who presented with a @entity426 who underwent "chair testing." Each @entity1 was asked to walk 20-30 feet forward and backward toward the examiner. @entity1 were then asked to sit in a swivel chair with wheels and to propel the chair forward and backward. These trials were compared with a control group of 9 consecutive @entity717 @entity1 with nonpsychogenic gait problems. RESULTS: Compared with their walking, 8 of the 9 @entity1 in the psychogenic group performed well on the chair test, showing improved ability to propel a chair forward when seated. By contrast, all 9 control @entity1 performed equally when walking or propelling utilizing the chair. CONCLUSION: Although it will need more prospective study with better quantitative measurements to determine its true sensitivity and specificity, we believe many practitioners faced with differentiating @entity426 from @entity51 will find the chair test, as well as the observation of a difference in leg function (sitting versus standing), useful diagnostic information.

title: The "chair test" to aid in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['" gait disorder', 'psychogenic gait disorders', 'hysterical gait disorders', 'psychogenic gait disorder']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

answer: @entity426 :: (MESH:D020233,Disease) :: ['psychogenic gait disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traumatic @entity75 is dependent on energy transfer to the brain at impact. Different @entity130 may cause different types of @entity1545 . It is, however, unknown if the relative distribution between apoptotic cell-death and @entity204 in different populations of brain cells varies depending on energy transfer. METHOD: Experimental contusions were produced with a modified weight drop onto the exposed dura of @entity35 . Animals were divided into two groups. They received a weight drop from two different heights to vary energy transfer to be higher or lower. Animals were sacrificed at 24 hours post injury (1 DPI) or 6 days (6 DPI); brains were frozen and processed for TUNEL (TdT mediated @entity1977 nick end labelling), light microscopy and immunochemistry. FINDINGS: The total number of TUNEL positive cells was higher in the higher energy group on the first day after the injury. At the same time point, relatively fewer cells were apoptotic than necrotic, while relatively more glial cells than neurons were TUNEL-positive in higher energy @entity130 . At 6 day after the injury fewer cells were TUNEL positive and there were no longer significant differences between the high and low energy groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing energy transfer in a model for @entity131 demonstrated qualitative and quantitative changes in the pattern of cell death. This complexity must be considered when evaluating brain-protection as treatment results may vary depending on which cellular population and which mechanism of cell death is treated under the exact experimental and clinical conditions.

title: Differences in cell death between high and low energy @entity1545 in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain contusion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic cell- death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury mechanisms', 'trauma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Apoptosis plays a critical role in various physiological processes. Varicocele is the most common cause of @entity4810 in adults. The dilated and thickened wall of the internal spermatic vein (ISV) in varicocele is considered similar to that in varicose veins. We investigated apoptotic protein expression in the ISV of varicocele, including @entity588 , Fas, @entity8186 and @entity8187 , to determine the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway. METHODS: The study group consisted of 10 @entity1 with grade 3 left varicocele. The control group consisted of 10 @entity1 with @entity169 . A 1-cm section of ISV was resected, using left inguinal incision, from each @entity1 in both groups. The ISV sections were used to detect the mediators that regulate the intrinsic ( @entity588 and @entity8187 ) and extrinsic (Fas and @entity8186 ) apoptotic pathways, by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining. Results were analyzed using Student's t tests. RESULTS: @entity588 , Fas, @entity8186 and @entity8187 immunoblots from both groups revealed a single band. The relative intensities of the @entity588 and @entity8187 protein bands differed significantly between the varicocele and control groups. Thickening of the smooth muscle layer of the ISV was found in @entity1 with varicocele compared with the control group. @entity588 overexpression and downregulation of @entity8187 expression were noted in the varicocele group. There was no significant difference in Fas or @entity8186 expression in either group. CONCLUSION: We showed overexpression of @entity588 and downregulation of @entity8187 expression in the ISV under @entity519 stress. This indicated dysregulated apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway in the ISV of @entity1 with varicocele. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the apoptotic pathway in the @entity1 ISV. Additional studies are needed to establish whether adjunctive hyperbaric @entity26 therapy reduces the recurrence rate after varicocelectomy.

title: Dysregulated apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway in the internal spermatic vein of XXXX with varicocele.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['left indirect inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The selective Kupffer cell inhibitor @entity2545 ( @entity21953 ) has been demonstrated to protect animals from lethality in experimental @entity5694 and @entity295 in rodent models. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Kupffer cell blockade on the early response to endotoxin in a large animal model. Using a porcine @entity5694 model, animals were randomized to receive either @entity21953 (10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg; n = 8 in each group) or vehicle saline (n = 8) 24 h before exposure to endotoxin. Pretreatment with @entity21953 resulted in a dose dependent reduction in early hepatic @entity26 consumption as well as @entity26 extraction ratio in response to continuous infusion of endotoxin. At 5 h there was significant lower serum @entity6571 level in animals given 30 mg/kg of @entity21953 as compared to the two other groups. Pretreatment with @entity21953 induced a dose dependent reduction of Kupffer cells in the liver sinusoids. Despite this, all animals deteriorated with continuous infusion of endotoxin as evidenced by the progressive @entity998 , mean arterial pressure and total liver blood flow. Also, increases in pulmonary arterial pressure, portal venous pressure and systemic, pulmonary and hepatic vascular resistance were seen. This is consistent with activation of other cell populations and defense mechanisms by endotoxin, perpetuating the septic response. However, modulation of reticuloendothelial cell function seems feasible also in larger animals, and our results stimulate to further research on potential immunomodulatory tools in @entity295 .

title: The role of Kupffer cell inhibition in porcine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'early sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity2545 :: ('MESH:C038958', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium chloride']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity158 is a common symptom in @entity5 @entity1 , but very little information about the prevalence, severity, and treatment of @entity158 in @entity5 @entity1 in Singapore is available. Therefore, our prospective survey in the National @entity5 Centre (NCC) outpatients is incorporated in this report. In addition, a review concerning the recent advances on non-interventional @entity158 management in @entity5 treatment, which is relevant in the context, is discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the prospective survey, a questionnaire was distributed for self-administration by @entity1 while waiting for consultation at the NCC outpatient departments. Literature searches on advances in @entity158 management were conducted, reviewed and discussed. RESULTS: In the last decade, there have been advances in @entity158 pharmacology ranging from wider therapeutic options and management approaches to novel delivery techniques. Acupuncture and massage therapy became increasingly popular among @entity5 @entity1 . Some clinical trials of acupuncture show benefits in palliation of @entity5 . From the prospective survey, 41.2% of the responders reported @entity158 in the past week, and only 70.8% talked to their doctors about their @entity158 . One third of the @entity1 received analgesics. Of these, 86.5% said that they were taking the prescribed medications, however, 37.4% admitted to having difficulties taking them. Non-drug methods were used by 25.4% of the @entity1 . Medicated oil, cream or gel was used by 49.3%; only 2.6% reported use of Chinese herbs. CONCLUSION: @entity158 is a significant symptom in outpatients attending a @entity5 centre, affecting 41.2% of the @entity1 . Although majority of @entity1 who suffered from @entity158 reported this to doctors, much more medical effort is needed to help @entity1 to relieve their @entity158 and proper complementary therapy could be considered.

title: Recent non-interventional advances in @entity5 among Singapore XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence of invasive @entity189 following local destructive treatment for @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) and to evaluate the factors responsible. DESIGN: A multicentre retrospective study. SUBJECTS: Forty-nine @entity1 registered with the British Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology from 24 centres throughout Great Britain between 1985 and 1992, who had been treated by local destructive methods for @entity3146 and who subsequently developed invasive @entity189 . RESULTS: Of the 49 @entity1 whose details were submitted, 42 had @entity957 , six @entity1962 and one @entity420 . Eight had @entity189 (Stage Ia) at the time of diagnosis, 24 had Stage Ib @entity5 and eight Stages II to IV. Thirteen @entity1 have died. Thirty-five @entity1 had been treated by laser vaporization, ten by cold coagulator, two by diathermy and two by cryosurgery. In 19 @entity1 (39%) the diagnosis of @entity189 was made on the first follow up visit or within one year of treatment. Five @entity1 did not present with invasive disease until more than five years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented suggest that many, but not all, of the invasive @entity189 presenting after local destructive treatment for @entity3146 resulted from failure to recognise early invasive disease at the time of the initial assessment. The importance of thorough evaluation before undertaking these forms of treatment is emphasised. The use of excisional procedures should further reduce the small risk of @entity189 developing after treatment for @entity3146 .

title: Invasive XXXX following local destructive treatment for @entity3146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix', 'carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma', 'microinvasive carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: This study compared two groups of homosexual and @entity6160 with respect to their attitudes towards the donor-origin of their @entity1 . All couples had applied at the Fertility Clinic for @entity6847 ( @entity6847 ). Both groups had used anonymous donors in order to conceive. However, the sexual orientation of the parents and the presence or absence of a social father was different in the two groups. By comparing such different families it was hoped to obtain insight into those factors which influence parents' attitudes concerning donor insemination. Twenty-five lesbian and 25 @entity6160 were interviewed. The open-ended questionnaires solicited information on the following issues: attitudes towards secrecy/disclosure of the use of a donor, views on anonymity/identity registration of the donor, parents' cognitive and emotional representation of the donor. Response rates differed between the groups: all homosexual parents consented to the interview and 44% of the @entity6160 did so. Parents' attitudes depended on several variables. The different family structures were related to different motivations for @entity6847 treatment. For heterosexual couples, the use of a donor offered them the opportunity to become a 'normal family'. For homosexual couples, creating a two-mother family unit meant going one step further in 'being different'. Attitudes towards the use of a donor were consequently different: heterosexual couples chose secrecy and donor anonymity. Homosexual parents intended to inform their @entity1 . Of these homosexual parents, 40% would prefer the identity of the donor to be registered. This evolution towards removal of the anonymity seemed to be encouraged by the @entity1538 surrounding the use of a donor itself. In both groups it remained difficult to reduce the donor to an anonymous sperm cell, fantasies and questions about the donor continued to exist over the years.

title: @entity1 from anonymous donors: an inquiry into homosexual and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6847 :: ('MESH:C567467', 'Disease') :: ['AID', 'artificial insemination with anonymous donor sperm']

entities_list: @entity6160 :: ('MESH:D063129', 'Disease') :: ['heterosexual parents']

answer: @entity6160 :: (MESH:D063129,Disease) :: ['heterosexual parents' attitudes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) affects mainly elderly @entity1 and because the population of octogenarians increases, it is common to treat @entity1 >=  80 years of age. These @entity1 are often not included in clinical trials; thus, there is limited data on their characteristics and treatment outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 682 consecutive, unselected @entity1 with newly diagnosed symptomatic @entity1582 who started treatment between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2010. RESULTS: We identified 155 (23%) @entity1 >=  80 years of age. Compared to @entity1 <80 years, octogenarians had poorer performance status (P < 0.001), @entity417 (P = 0.006), low serum albumin (P = 0.001), and advanced @entity2992 (P < 0.001). The median survival of @entity1 >=  80 years was 22 months, and 14% died within 2 months from therapy initiation. The median survival of @entity1 >=  80 years who received upfront novel agents was 26 vs. 17 months for those who did not. ECOG performance status  <= 1 and frontline use of novel agents were independently associated with better survival. Response to first-line therapy was associated with improved survival (29 vs. 16 months, P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 >=  80 years of age present with features of advanced @entity1582 and impaired performance status. The addition of novel agents may improve their outcome, but careful assessment and prospective clinical trials targeting the population of elderly @entity1 are needed.

title: XXXX in octogenarians: clinical features and outcome in the novel agent era.

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Multiple myeloma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to identify proteins with aberrant expression in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), and elucidate their clinical utilities. The protein expression profiles of primary @entity1358 @entity5 tissues and neighboring non- @entity5 tissues were obtained from 9 @entity1 by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Comparative analysis of 3771 protein spots led to the identification of 73 proteins that were expressed at aberrant levels in @entity5 tissues compared with non- @entity5 tissues. Among these 73 proteins, we further focused on @entity15066 ( @entity15066 ). @entity15066 expression is regulated by members of myc family as well as by @entity876 , @entity7738 , and @entity15188 . The biological and clinical significance of @entity15066 is controversial for various @entity5 and no detailed studies on @entity15066 have been reported in @entity1358 until our study. For the 82 newly enrolled @entity1358 @entity1 , immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant association between nuclear @entity15066 and favorable prognosis (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated the role of @entity15066 as an independent factor of progression-free survival (p=0.01). Subsequent in vitro gene suppression assay demonstrated that @entity15066 silencing significantly enhanced cell proliferation and invasion of @entity1358 cells. The cytotoxic effects of @entity15066 up-regulation induced by an @entity68 chelator were also confirmed. These findings suggest that nuclear @entity15066 has @entity5 suppressive effects, and the @entity15066 expression may have clinical values in @entity1358 . Nuclear @entity15066 may provide additional insights on molecular backgrounds of @entity1358 progression, and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategy.

title: Proteomics identified nuclear N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 as a prognostic tissue biomarker candidate in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['RCC', 'clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

entities_list: @entity15066 :: ('10397', 'Gene') :: ['NDRG1', 'N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 protein']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The experiments described examine single channel currents recorded through Torpedo @entity934 receptor channels stably expressed by a @entity19 fibroblast cell line. Closed-duration histograms were constructed from currents elicited by 0.5-300 microM @entity934 ( @entity1617 ). The concentration dependence of closed durations is well described by a four-state linear scheme with the addition of open-channel block by @entity1617 . Analysis of closed durations measured at low concentrations gives estimates of the rate of opening of doubly liganded receptors, beta, the rate of dissociation of @entity1617 from doubly liganded receptors, @entity12829 , and the rate of channel closing, alpha. The rate of @entity1617 dissociation from singly liganded receptors, @entity31327 , is then deduced from closed-duration histograms obtained at intermediate @entity1617 concentrations. With @entity31327 , @entity12829 and beta determined, the rates of @entity1617 association, k+1 and k+2, are estimated from fitting closed-duration histograms obtained over a range of high @entity1617 concentrations. A complete set of rate constants is presented for three experimental conditions: (a) @entity141 -free extracellular solution containing 1 mM free Mg2+ at 22 degrees C, (b) @entity141 -free solution at 12 degrees C, and (c) extracellular @entity141 and @entity1025 , both at 0.5 mM, at 22 degrees C. For all three conditions the dissociation constant for the first agonist binding site is approximately 100-fold lower than that for the second site. The different affinities are due primarily to different dissociation rates. Both the association and dissociation rates depend strongly on temperature. At 22 degrees C @entity1617 associates at diffusion-limited rates, whereas at 12 degrees C association is 30- to 60-fold slower. Also slowed at 12 degrees C are beta (4-fold), @entity12829 (3-fold), @entity31327 (25-fold), and alpha (15-fold). In contrast to the activation rate constants, those for @entity1617 -induced block decrease only twofold between 22 and 12 degrees C. Changing from a @entity141 -free to a @entity141 -containing extracellular solution does not affect k+1 and k+2, but increases beta (twofold) and decreases @entity12829 , @entity31327 , and alpha (all twofold). Spectral analysis of single channel currents supports the parameter estimates obtained from fitting the open- and closed-duration histograms, and improves resolution of brief channel blockages produced by @entity1617 .

title: Activation of Torpedo @entity934 receptors expressed in XXXX fibroblasts. Single channel current kinetics reveal distinct agonist binding affinities.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of flexible rings for tricuspid ring annuloplasty is becoming popular. This study was undertaken to evaluate Carpentier-Edwards (C-E) rigid ring annuloplasty for @entity997 ( @entity997 ), secondary to mitral @entity340 and clinical outcome on a long-term basis. METHODS: From December 1985 to March 1996, 45 @entity1 with secondary @entity997 underwent C-E ring annuloplasty. Thirty-nine @entity1 (95.1%) were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or IV. The mean follow-up was 96.7+/-48.5 months or 362.6 @entity1 -years. RESULTS: There were three in-hospital and nine late deaths that were not related to tricuspid annuloplasty. Actuarial survival at 10 years was 68.3%. Echocardiographic studies showed that @entity997 was well controlled within grade 2+ in all survivors. @entity120 (PH) was recognized in 9 of 21 @entity1 (42.9%) with preoperative PH, however, no @entity997 was seen in 6 @entity1 . A @entity997 grade of 2+ was observed in 3 @entity1 . Thirty of the total survivors (96.8%) were in NYHA class I and II, but 1 @entity1 was in NYHA class III. The actuarial rate of freedom from tricuspid valve reoperation after 10 years was 97.5%. CONCLUSIONS: C-E ring annuloplasty is acceptable for repair of secondary @entity997 and improvement in clinical status on a long-term basis.

title: Long-term follow-up after Carpentier-Edwards ring annuloplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve disease']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Residual pulmonary hypertension']

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']


abstract: Treatment with the monoclonal antibody OKT3 specific for the @entity5168 complex associated with the T cell antigen receptor can reverse acute rejection of @entity1 renal allografts. However, efficacy of anti- @entity5168 antibodies for treatment of @entity1 with @entity2132 after marrow transplantation has not been established. The dose-limiting side effects resulting from T cell activation induced by some anti- @entity5168 antibodies in vivo have discouraged their use for this application. We now report a phase I-II study of GVHD treatment with the anti- @entity5168 antibody BC3, a monoclonal murine @entity10986 that, unlike @entity19 , does not activate T cells. Fourteen @entity1 were treated with BC3 after progression of acute GVHD despite treatment with @entity205 and @entity288 , and three @entity1 received BC3 as primary treatment for GVHD. BC3 was administered at a dose of 0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg/day for seven or eight days. Five @entity1 achieved complete resolution of GVHD, eight @entity1 had partial improvement, two @entity1 had no change, and two @entity1 had progression of GVHD on therapy. Responses were sustained in 8 of 13 @entity1 . Mild chills, @entity221 , @entity101 , and chest discomfort occurred in various combinations following 6 of 17 (35%) initial infusions of BC3 and following 4 of 99 (4%) subsequent infusions. In each instance it was possible to continue BC3 therapy without adjusting the dose or treatment schedule. In each @entity1 treated, the absolute count of peripheral blood lymphocytes decreased transiently but returned to baseline within 22 hr after the first infusion. Circulating T cells had surface @entity5168 molecules saturated by the infused antibody in all but one @entity1 . Four @entity1 survived longer than one year after treatment with antibody BC3, and 13 @entity1 died of infection or organ failure. Administration of the nonmitogenic anti- @entity5168 antibody BC3 was associated with improvement in the clinical manifestations of GVHD with minimal acute @entity137 . Efficacy of antibody treatment did not depend on depletion of circulating T cells. Therefore, antibody BC3 may be achieving therapeutic immunosuppression by modulating T cell function. Controlled studies in @entity1 treated earlier in the course of GVHD should determine whether antibody BC3 can improve survival.

title: Treatment of @entity2132 with a nonmitogenic anti- XXXX monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5168 :: (12501(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: " @entity401 " is a term that includes a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by variable degrees of @entity32 ( @entity3794 ) and @entity82 . @entity3794 represents one of the most important aspects of @entity3130 and its characterization by broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) can give explanations of the different clinical features, in association with the evaluation of physiological changes and High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT). The aim of this study was to establish a correlation between variations in broncho-alveolar cells and anatomical-functional alterations in @entity1 affected by @entity3130 before and after corticoid therapy. METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 (14 males 17 females) were introduced in the study and were evaluated for clinical signs, functional parameters, HRCT and cyto-immunological aspects of BAL fluid. All data were acquired at the admission in the study, after 60 and 180 days. @entity1 had received @entity229 1 mg/kg/die for 60 days and, then, 0.25 mg/kg/die for 120 days. RESULTS: In @entity3794 , a clinical-radiological improvement was frequently observed after therapy while in those with neutrophilic and eosinophilic components, no improvement was detected. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, BAL represents a useful tool in qualifying @entity3130 which can be easily monitored by clinical, functional and radiological data. Therefore, a new method for the diagnosis and monitoring of @entity3130 is suggested. This method has the marked advantage to reach a reliable diagnosis even in a high percentage of @entity1 who refuse or can not undergo the biopsy assay.

title: [Correlation between functional and radiographic data, and broncho-alveolar cytology in @entity1 with diffuse XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocyte alveolitis', 'alveolitis', 'Alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial Lung Disease']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']


abstract: Two major forms of native @entity742 plasminogen (SPg-a) have been isolated from plasma by affinity chromatography. These forms differ in molecular weight, charge characteristics, affinity for @entity929 (epsilon-Ahx), and @entity1735 content. Upon treatment of SPg-a with plasmin, lower molecular weight plasminogens can be isolated. A plasminogen (SPg-b) of molecular weight approximately 8,000 less than native plasminogen is rapidly produced when either major plasminogen form is treated with plasmin. The molecular weight differences found in the major SPg-a forms are retained in the SPg-b forms, derived from each SPg-a. Upon protracted treatment of either major form of SPg-a or SPg-b with plasmin, a plasminogen (SPg-c) or molecular weight approximately 32,000 less than SPg-b is produced. A single peptide (P) is also produced in this step. The SPg-c species produced from each original SPg-a major form possess essentially the same molecular weights and @entity1735 compositions; but the P cleaved retains the molecular weight and @entity1735 differences found in each major SPg-a or SPg-b form. A large decrease in the S20,w of SPg-a is observed upon the binding of epsilon-Ahx to this protein. A much smaller alteration in the S20,w of SPg-b and SPg-c is observed upon binding of epsilon-Ahx to these proteins.

title: Isolation and characterization of native and lower molecular weight forms of XXXX plasminogen.

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['epsilon-aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: The initial presentation of @entity438 can be missed in routine clinical practice. An underlying @entity439 may have a subtle presentation that warrants definitive diagnostic procedures. A retrospective review of 270 @entity1 with @entity439 at our institution revealed 40 @entity1 (14.8%) with a significant delay in diagnosis before definitive treatment. The delay due to missed diagnosis varied from 2 days to a few months. In retrospect, 58% had a Hunt and Hess grade I clinical presentation at readmission. Clinical status was rated as grade 0-I in the majority of @entity1 (65%), grade II in 20%, and grade III in 12.5%. One @entity1 had grade IV status. These grades are significantly different from the initial grade at which each of the @entity1 first sought medical attention. The second admission significantly affected the outcome. A delay in diagnosis of @entity510 resulting in poor clinical grade influenced neurologic outcome significantly.

title: Delayed diagnosis of XXXX : confounding factors in clinical presentation and the influence of misdiagnosis on outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet aggregation may predict the @entity548 outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with non-high risk @entity1187 and indication for PCI were enrolled. Maximum @entity857 -induced @entity1423 ( @entity857 -PGmax) was assessed by light transmission aggregometry. Study endpoints were the incidence of @entity548 , categorised by Thrombolysis in @entity583 criteria, and significant entry-site complications during hospitalisation and six-month follow-up period. Platelet aggregation test was organised at 24h after PCI and 1 month after discharge respectively. The optimal @entity1423 was detected defining enhanced @entity1397 response, and associations of measurements with endpoints were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 278 @entity1 were included in analyses. Study endpoints were observed in 24 (8.6%) @entity1 [major @entity548 , n=4 (1.4%); minor @entity548 , n=11 (4.0%); significant entry-site complication, n=9 (3.2%)]. In multivariate analysis, follow-up @entity857 -PGmax[odds ratio (OR)=0.96;95% confidence interval (CI),0.93-0.99;p=0.008) and @entity177 (OR=3.29; 95%CI, 1.23-8.85; p=0.018) were predictors of @entity548 events. The optimal cutoff value for follow-up @entity857 -PGmax was 24.5% (area under the curve=0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.85; p<0.001). Bleeding occurred in 26.2% (16/61) of @entity1 with enhanced @entity1397 response and 3.7% (8/217) of other @entity1 (OR=9.26; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Enhanced @entity1397 responsiveness was associated with an increased risk of @entity548 and entry-site complication. Platelet function testing at an appropriate time after @entity1397 administration helps to identify @entity1 at high risk of @entity548 .

title: The Prognostic Value of XXXX -Induced Platelet Aggregation for Bleeding Complications in Low - Intermediate Risk @entity1 with Acute Coronary Syndrome Taking @entity1397 After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

answer: @entity857 :: (MESH:D000244,Chemical) :: ['ADP']


abstract: Aims Abciximab has previously been shown to enhance thrombolysis and improve myocardial perfusion when combined with reduced doses of alteplase. The purpose of the reteplase phase of TIMI 14 was to evaluate the effects of abciximab when used in combination with a reduced dose of reteplase for ST-elevation @entity583 . Methods and Results @entity1 (n=299) with ST-elevation @entity583 were treated with @entity117 and randomized to a control arm with standard dose reteplase (10+10 U given 30 min apart) or abciximab (bolus of 0.25 mg. kg(-1)and 12-h infusion of 0.125 microg. kg(-1). min(-1)) in combination with reduced doses of reteplase (5+5 U or 10+5 U). Control @entity1 received standard weight-adjusted heparin (bolus of 70 U. kg(-1); infusion of 15 U. kg(-1). h(-1)), while each of the combination arms with abciximab and reduced dose reteplase received either low dose heparin (bolus of 60 U. kg(-1); infusion of 7 U. kg(-1). h(-1)) or very low dose heparin (bolus of 30 U. kg(-1); infusion of 4 U. kg(-1). h(-1)). The rate of TIMI 3 flow at 90 min was 70% for @entity1 treated with 10+10 U of reteplase alone (n=87), 73% for those treated with 5+5 U of reteplase with abciximab (n=88), and 77% for those treated with 10+5 U of reteplase with abciximab (n=75). Complete (>/=70%) ST resolution at 90 min was seen in 56% of @entity1 receiving a reduced dose of reteplase in combination with abciximab compared with 48% of @entity1 receiving reteplase alone. Conclusions Reduced doses of reteplase when administered in combination with abciximab were associated with higher TIMI 3 flow rates than reported previously for reduced doses of reteplase without abciximab and were at least as high as for full dose reteplase alone

title: Combination reperfusion therapy with abciximab and reduced dose reteplase: results from TIMI 14. The Thrombolysis in XXXX (TIMI) 14 Investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: @entity5 immune-therapy is an interesting avenue of studying the effects of deviating immune system responses to achieve the desired result. Lactobacilli are inhabitants of the GI tract which have shown beneficial health effects on various ailments including @entity5 . Their mechanisms of action comprise a very intense area of research. In this study we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of @entity9206 in in vivo model of @entity0 . @entity9206 (L.a) was isolated from traditional home-made yogurt and also from neonatal stool by aerobic overnight culture at 37  C in @entity7748 broth. @entity56 ( @entity56 ) assay was performed to find the best immunostimulant dose. 4T1 @entity5 bearing @entity19 were treated with 2       10(8)  cfu of isolated @entity9206 and 20  mg/kg @entity786 for 15 consecutive days. @entity5 volume was measured using a digital vernier calliper. Lymphocyte proliferation was done using @entity98 proliferation assay. Production of IFNy, IL-4 and TGF-b from cultured Splenocytes was assessed in the presence of purified @entity5 antigen. According to results administration of L.a induced a significant @entity5 growth pattern (P value   =   0.00). Significant alterations in splenocyte production of IFN-y, IL-4 and TGf-b (P values   <   0.05) and also lymphocyte proliferation in L.a treated animals was evident (P value   <   0.05). This study indicated that oral administration of L.a is able to alter the cytokine production in @entity5 bearing @entity19 into a @entity630 protective pattern, favourable to anti @entity5 immunity. Reduced @entity5 growth rate and increased lymphocyte proliferation are also thus supportive. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact mechanism by which local actions of probiotics affect the systemic immune responses against transformed cells.

title: @entity9206 could modulate the immune response against XXXX in @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in tumour', 'Tumour', 'Cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed Type Hypersensitivity', 'DTH']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus', 'L. acidophilus']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A series of neurophysiological experiments was performed on the Schaffercommissural system of the hippocampus of aged and young anesthetized Fischer @entity35 . The aged Fisher @entity35 were previously found to exhibit @entity6112 . No obvious differences were found between aged and young animals in amplitude, latency, stimulation threshold, or wave forms of typical synaptic responses when these were elicited by control (0.3 Hz) stimulation pulses. Further, the temporal curves of facilitation during a paired-pulse series were not different in aged and young animals. However, aged and young synapses showed consistently different responses during repetitive stimulation. Synapses of aged animals were deficient in frequency potentiation processes during 12 Hz stimulation; and the aged animals exhibited a delayed rise of post-tetanic synaptic potentiation following a 5 sec, 100 Hz stimulation train. Moreover, aged synapses 'exhausted' more rapidly during continuous 4 Hz stimulation. Throughout these studies a biphasic pattern of potentiation was observed during repetitive stimulation (brief potentiation, @entity308 , renewed potentiation). Aged animals were deficient primarily in development of the second phase of potentiation. This pattern suggests an age-related impairment of some secondary process of potentiation, leading to an increased tendency to @entity308 during and after stimulation. The possibility that the impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity may be related to reported deficient behavioral plasticity in the aged animals is considered.

title: Impaired synaptic potentiation processes in the hippocampus of aged, memory-deficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['synaptic depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['retention performance deficits']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity10153 is the causative gene of @entity2314 , an @entity2315 resulting from @entity2314 . @entity64 is an important manifestation of @entity2314 , and recent epidemiological studies have indicated that up to 4.9% of young male cryptogenic @entity64 @entity1 have @entity10153 mutations. To determine the importance of @entity10153 mutations in the general @entity64 population, the frequency of @entity10153 mutations in Japanese male @entity64 ( @entity64 ) @entity1 with various risk factors and ages was measured. METHODS: A total of 475 male @entity64 @entity1 (mean age 69.7    12.5 years), were enrolled in this study. A blood sample was obtained to produce blood spots for measurement of a-GAL activity. Blood samples with decreased enzymatic activity were reassayed and the entire @entity10153 gene was analyzed by direct DNA sequencing if a-Gal A activity was consistently low. RESULTS: a-Gal A activity was decreased in 10 @entity1 , five of whom (1.1%) had the @entity10153 gene mutation, @entity51570 . All @entity64 @entity1 with @entity51570 mutation had substantial residual a-Gal A activity, in contrast to @entity1 with classic-type @entity2314 . Clinically, all @entity1 with @entity51570 mutation were > 50 years old and had @entity432 ( @entity1188 ). Statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test showed the allele frequency of @entity10153 @entity51570 in @entity1 with small-vessel occlusion to be significantly higher than that in the general Japanese population [odds ratio (OR) = 3.34, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: @entity10153 @entity51570 mutation is a genetic risk factor for @entity6249 in elderly Japanese males.

title: p. @entity51570 mutation in the XXXX gene is associated with a high risk of @entity6249 in elderly Japanese males.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked lysosomal storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'stroke', 'ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small-vessel occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['a-galactosidase A (a-GAL) deficiency', 'Fabry disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarctions']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['multiple small-vessel occlusions']

entities_list: @entity51570 :: ('p|SUB|E|66|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.E66Q']

answer: @entity10153 :: (2717,Gene) :: ['GLA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity101 has been associated with altered structure and mechanics of resistance arteries. This study assessed whether the passive mechanics of mesenteric small arteries are altered in hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 (Dahl-SS) vs normotensive Dahl salt-resistant @entity35 (Dahl-SR). The role of @entity1827 in determining small artery mechanics was also studied. DESIGN: Male Dahl-SR and Dahl-SS were treated with high @entity1372 (4% @entity1219 ) for 10 weeks. Subgroups of each strain were treated with the ETA-endothelin receptor antagonist, @entity11080 (30 mg/kg/d), concomitantly. Third-order branches of mesenteric arteries were mounted in a pressure myograph and exposed to intraluminal pressures ranging up to 140 mmHg. Media thickness and lumen diameter were measured at each pressure, from which wall mechanics were calculated. RESULTS: Tail-cuff systolic blood pressure was elevated with high @entity1372 in Dahl-SS vs Dahl-SR. At the given dose, @entity11080 decreased blood pressure in Dahl-SS slightly but significantly. Lumen diameter was lesser and media-lumen ratios were greater in vessels from Dahl-SS. Under isobaric conditions, vessels from Dahl-SS exhibited decreased wall stress and incremental elastic modulus. However, there were no changes in isobaric incremental distensibility or elastic modulus in relation to wall stress. @entity11080 attenuated the changes in media:lumen ratio and isobaric stress observed in Dahl-SS. CONCLUSIONS: Dahl salt-sensitive @entity101 was associated with altered structure of mesenteric resistance arteries, which decreased wall stress. @entity1827 may be involved in these changes. These arteries exhibit decreased isobaric stiffness and no difference in geometry-independent stiffness, indicating that the decreased lumen diameter is a result of eutrophic remodeling.

title: Mechanical properties of mesenteric resistance arteries from Dahl salt-resistant and salt-sensitive XXXX : role of @entity1827 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe pathogens identified through routine clinical practice and factors associated with identifying Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) @entity281 in @entity1 with postdiarrheal @entity1381 (DHUS). DESIGN: Population-based active surveillance. SETTING: Hospitals in the FoodNet surveillance areas from 2000 through 2010. @entity1 : @entity1 younger than 18 years with DHUS. MAIN EXPOSURES: Testing for STEC and demographic and clinical characteristics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage of @entity1 with evidence of @entity281 with likely @entity11849 -causing agents and associations between exposures and evidence of @entity21488 . RESULTS: Of 617 @entity1 , 436 (70.7%) had evidence of @entity281 with likely @entity11849 -causing agents: STEC O157 (401 @entity1 ), non-O157 STEC (21 @entity1 ), O157 and non-O157 STEC (1 @entity1 ), @entity328 (11 @entity1 ), and other pathogens (2 @entity1 ). Among @entity1 without microbiological evidence of STEC, 76.9% of those tested had serologic evidence of @entity21488 . @entity1 more likely to have evidence of STEC @entity281 included those @entity1 tested for STEC less than 4 days after @entity294 onset, 12 months or older (71.6% vs 27.8% if <12 months of age), with @entity281 as part of an outbreak (94.3% vs 67.3%), with bloody @entity294 (77.2% vs 40.4%), with onset during June through September (76.9% vs 60.1%), with a leukocyte count greater than 18 000/ L (to convert to  10(9)/L, multiply by 0.001) (75.7% vs 65.3%), or with only moderate @entity417 (hemoglobin 7.0 g/dL [to convert to grams per liter, multiply by 10] or hematocrit greater than 20% [to convert to a proportion of 1, multiply by 0.01]) (75.1% vs 66.3%). However, many of these associations were weaker among @entity1 with thorough STEC testing. CONCLUSIONS: Early stool collection for @entity526 O157 culture and Shiga toxin testing of all @entity1 with possible @entity2348 will increase detection of STEC strains causing @entity11849 . In the absence of microbiological evidence of STEC, serologic testing should be performed.

title: Infections in @entity1381 : factors associated with identifying shiga toxin-producing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity21488 :: ('MESH:D004927', 'Disease') :: ['STEC infection']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial enteric infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to determine if quantitative analysis of peripheral enhancement and spatial contrast uptake heterogeneity is useful in the characterisation of abnormalities seen at breast MRI. METHOD: Ninety-one @entity1 underwent dynamic @entity2287 -enhanced breast MRI. Regions of interest were processed by a parallel thinning algorithm to define central and peripheral subregions of lesions. Peripheral enhancement was quantified at every time point of the dynamic sequence as a signal difference-to-noise ratio. Moreover, a radiologist assessed the images for the presence of peripheral enhancement and classified the regional and subregional time-intensity profiles of each lesion. RESULTS: Sixty-four invasive @entity189 and 30 benign lesions were analysed. Significant differences were found between benign and malignant lesions in peripheral enhancement as determined from the dynamic images (p = 0.0002; sensitivity, 0.34; specificity, 1.00) in time-intensity profiles (p < 0.000005; sensitivity, 0.67; specificity, 0.93) and in peripheral percentage signal changes at 1 min postcontrast (p = 0.001). There was a much higher relative signal increase centrally than peripherally (p < 0.0005), but peripheral signal changes had greater diagnostic value than central ones (Az = 0.72 vs. 0.63; p = 0.02). @entity189 showed higher peripheral enhancement than benign lesions (p = 0.001). Peripheral enhancement reached maximum diagnostic value at 4 min postcontrast (Az = 0.80) and performed best as a highly sensitive but moderately specific diagnostic index. CONCLUSION: Quantification of peripheral enhancement is diagnostically useful and offers insight into the enhancement mechanisms encountered in breast MRI. Primary @entity0 show substantial spatial contrast uptake heterogeneity. Lesion differentiation based on percentage signal changes is improved by restricting sampling to the @entity5 .

title: Peripheral enhancement and spatial contrast uptake heterogeneity of primary XXXX : quantitative assessment with dynamic MRI.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['periphery of tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'Carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravitreal application of @entity2995 has become increasingly popular for the treatment of various @entity989 . However, dosage, mode of preparation and application differ worldwide. The aim of this study was to find a safe vehicle that would allow intravitreal injection of an exact amount of @entity2995 without potentially retinotoxic preservatives. METHODS: Solutions of @entity2995 with a theoretical concentration of 4 mg/0.2 ml were prepared following one sedimentation (A) and two filtration (B, C) methods. In addition, a filtration method using @entity5224 2% as a carrier (D) was established. During processing and after injection into an eye model, the crystals were quantified by weight and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and, hence, the rate of @entity393 during this process was determined. RESULTS: The initial preparation contained 93-106% of the calculated quantity. Method A, containing the entire vehicle, delivered 45%+/-7.3% of the target quantity to the eye model, whereas the vehicle-free methods B and C delivered 15%+/-6.9% and 11%+/-3.2%, respectively. Using @entity5224 2% as a preservative-free vehicle, we found 93%+/-3.7% of the calculated amount in the eye model. The missing crystals were mainly sticking to the walls of the syringes and needles used for transfer. CONCLUSION: Common methods for preparing @entity2995 vary in the amount of drug actually injected intravitreally. @entity5224 is an ideal carrier substance for intravitreal application of an exact dose of @entity2995 without preservatives.

title: XXXX as a new carrier substance for intravitreal injection of reproducible amounts of triamcinolone.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['crystal loss']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity5224 :: ('MESH:D002266', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboxymethylcellulose', 'carboxymethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disorders']

answer: @entity5224 :: (MESH:D002266,Chemical) :: ['Carboxymethylcellulose']