abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a model that might predict the probability of lymph node and distant @entity3 (stages IIIC-IV) in @entity1204 . METHODS: We studied 774 @entity1 with @entity1204 treated in a single institution. Demographic factors, biochemical factors and preoperative @entity5 characteristics, identified as potential risk factors for advanced @entity189 in unadjusted analyses, were used to create a logistic regression model with lymph node and distant @entity3 as the dependent variable. Statistically significant odds ratios in the regression model were rounded to the nearest whole number. These rounded values were the estimated weights for each factor that were summed to generate a score that might predict the probability of stage IIIC-IV @entity189 . RESULTS: Biochemical factors and preoperative @entity5 characteristics predicted lymph node and distant @entity3 in the regression model, whereas demographic factors were without effect. The score combining weighted risk factors was: (2   leukocytosis)+(3   @entity1148 )+(7   elevated CA125)+(4   high-risk histology). The area under curve (AUC) for this total score was 0.823, with 71.6% sensitivity, 75.2% specificity, 25.9% positive predictive value, and 95.7% negative predictive value, using 6 as cut-point. After excluding stage IV @entity189 from the dataset, the AUC was 0.813 for the total score in predicting nodal involvement (P=0.82 vs. total score in predicting @entity5 in the complete dataset). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the high negative predictive value, this prediction model could be applied for identifying @entity1 who may not benefit from lymphadenectomy for @entity1204 staging.

title: Prediction of lymph node and distant XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1204 : a new model based on demographics, biochemical factors, and @entity5 histology.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage IIIC-IV carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: AIMS: @entity167 @entity933 @entity14935 suggests dysfunction of numerous brain regions. Several Authors suggest that @entity167 and withdrawal from @entity167 could cause @entity2359 in the frontal lobe and thereby affect cognitive function. However, it is not that well known whether the consequences of the @entity16 are only quantitative or qualitative. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity167 -dependent @entity1 after @entity167 @entity933 (ADT-n1 = 30), and 30 @entity167 -dependent @entity1 without @entity167 @entity933 (ALC-n2=30) were compared with neuropsychological test-battery. [(Wechsler Bellevue Intelligence Scale - WB form I, Wechsler memory scale and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)]. Examinees were selected as equivalent pairs, in such a manner that they were of approximately same age, i.e. age difference was 0-5 years, they were of the same education level, and difference in the duration of drinking was not more than 3 years. RESULTS: In the group of ADT @entity1 , IQ was 97.53, while it is 109.53 for ALC @entity1 . @entity1032 of the examined group is 40, and in the control group 13. Group of ADT @entity1 had significantly lower achievements on subtests: arithmetic, block design and digit symbol. ADT @entity1 ' average memory quotient (MQ) is 81.8, which is three standard deviations lower compared to ALC @entity1 (MQ 102.2) and standard values, according to Wechsler. In the first repetition of the series of 15 words RAVLT, is no difference (t-test=1.88; p > 0.05), while the difference in other repetitions is significant. Difference is also statistically significant regarding recollection after 30 minutes (t-test=3.66; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is qualitative difference in @entity73 in alcoholics with @entity933 @entity14935 and those with no @entity167 @entity933 , while the predominant pathology of the @entity73 is in compliance with the dysfunction of the prefrontal lobe. Following @entity167 @entity2414 occur within the intellectual decrease and @entity71 in general.

title: @entity2414 in alcoholics after @entity933 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficiencies', 'cognitive-amnestic deficiency']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage following delirium']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention disorder']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['delirium, verbal memory disorders']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic lesions']

answer: @entity14935 :: (MESH:D000430,Disease) :: ['tremens']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the combination of @entity3003 , @entity1205 , and @entity136 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-five chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with @entity1149 were treated on an out- @entity1 basis with @entity3003 area under the curve 5 intravenous (IV) and @entity136 800 mg/m(2) IV on day 1 and @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) IV and @entity136 800 mg/m(2) IV on day 8. @entity1261 (150 ug/m(2) subcutaneously) was given prophylactically from day 3 to day 6 and day 10 to day 16. Chemotherapy was repeated every 4 weeks. @entity1 were evaluated for response every two cycles of treatment. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 58 years (range, 24 to 75 years). The performance status was 0 for 16 @entity1 , 1 for 17 @entity1 , and 2 for 12 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 (20%) had stage IIIB disease, and 36 (80%) had stage IV; histology was @entity957 (51.2% of @entity1 ) that was poorly differentiated (37.8%). All 45 @entity1 were assessable for @entity137 , and 41 were assessable for response. On an intent-to-treat analysis, the objective response rate was 46. 5% (21 out of 45 @entity1 ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 31.7% to 62. 5%). Of the 45 @entity1 , four (8.8%) achieved a complete response (95% CI, 2.5% to 21.2%); 17 (37.7%) achieved a partial response (95% CI, 23.8% to 53.5%); seven (15.5%) had stable disease; and 14 (31. 1%) had progressive disease. The median survival time was 13.5 months, and the actuarial 1-year survival rate was 51.11%. The median duration of response was 7.6 months, and the time to @entity5 progression was 8.1 months. Grade 3/4 @entity417 and @entity882 occurred in 17.7% and 28.8% of @entity1 , respectively. Twenty-one @entity1 (46.6%) developed grade 3/4 @entity1398 , and six @entity1 (13.3%) were complicated with @entity221 . Alopecia was universal. Grade 3 @entity294 occurred in four @entity1 (8.8%); grade 3/4 @entity2359 occurred in 10 @entity1 (22.2%); and grade 2/3 @entity56 occurred in three @entity1 (16.6%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . Six @entity1 (13.3%) required a dose reduction, two of which required two reductions. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity3003 , @entity1205 , and @entity136 is an effective regimen for the treatment of chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 , causing only moderate @entity137 .

title: Combination chemotherapy with @entity3003 , @entity1205 , and XXXX in advanced @entity1149 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['mainly squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of pegylated liposomal @entity632 in combination with @entity786 and @entity619 (CLAD). In this prospective open-label phase II study, 60 @entity1 with advanced @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) received three weekly cycles of CLAD, consisting of @entity786 200 mg/m2 i.v. d1-4, pegylated liposomal @entity632 20 mg/m2 i.v. d1 and @entity619 40 mg p.o. d1-4 for a maximum of six cycles in absence of disease progression. Efficacy and @entity137 was compared to our immediate historical cohort of 46 @entity1 treated with @entity786 , @entity619 and conventional @entity632 (CAD). A total of 239 cycles of CLAD and 209 cycles of CAD, respectively, were given. The objective response rate was 71% (CLAD) and 74% (CAD). Non-cumulative hematological @entity137 was predominant in both regimens. It was found that CLAD is an active and well-tolerated treatment regimen for @entity1582 . Response rate is comparable to other @entity4349 containing regimens like CAD with an advantage in hematological @entity137 and lower infectious complications, and a presumed advantage of lower @entity1370 .

title: Phase II study of CLAD ( @entity786 , liposomal XXXX and @entity619 ) in @entity1 with advanced @entity1582 and historical comparison to CAD ( @entity786 , @entity632 and @entity619 ).

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of laparoscopy combined with double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1944 . METHODS: Clinical data of 69 cases with suspected small @entity29 undergoing laparoscopic and DBE for the diagnosis and treatment were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The lesions were found in 48 cases by laparoscopy. DBE was required in the remaining 21 @entity1 to identify the underlying condition. All the operations were successfully completed using the laparoscopic approach, including totally laparoscopic bowel resection (n=11), and laparoscopic-assisted bowel resection (n=58). There were no anastomotic leakage, @entity86 , @entity1321 . All the @entity1 were discharged within 7 to 9 days after surgery. Postoperative pathological examination showed vascular abnormally (n=10), @entity674 (n=20), @entity420 (n=5), intestinal @entity3292 (n=2), @entity7261 (n=5), @entity9645 (n=8), @entity378 (n=3), postoperative pouch @entity548 (n=1), @entity28110 (n=6), @entity30 (n=5), Meckel @entity7261 (n=2), metastatic @entity703 (n=1), and metastatic @entity2 (n=1). Length of follow up ranged from 3 months to 4 years, during which no re- @entity548 occurred, 2 @entity1 with @entity674 died of local recurrence and liver @entity3 , 1 @entity1 with @entity420 died of local recurrence involving @entity9451 , duodenum, and mesenteric vessels, 2 @entity1 with metastatic disease died of peritoneal recurrence and liver @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic combined with DBE has a high detection rate for small @entity1944 with accurate localization, less @entity130 , and quicker recovery.

title: [Value of the laparoscopy combined with double-balloon enteroscopy in diagnosis and treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal disease', 'intestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal mucosal ulceration']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity28110 :: ('MESH:D007417', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal polyp']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulum']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction, or wound infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of adult Bochdalek's @entity547 in a large @entity1 population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all abdominal CT scans obtained at our hospital in 1998. @entity1 in our study were identified through a keyword search of our database for "Bochdalek," " @entity547 ," and "diaphragm." The individual @entity1 studies identified were reviewed in a soft-copy format. We noted the location and side of the body on which the @entity2914 arose and the contents of the sac. We also performed a chart review for each @entity1 included in the study, noting the @entity1 's sex, age, and symptoms. RESULTS: Incidental Bochdalek's @entity547 was diagnosed in 22 @entity1 (17 @entity1 , five @entity1 ), which represents an incidence of 0.17% based on 13,138 abdominal CT reports we reviewed. The mean age of the @entity1 was 66.6 years. None of the @entity1 were symptomatic. Sixty-eight percent of the @entity547 were on the right side of the body, 18% were on the left side, and 14% were bilateral. Seventy-three percent contained only fat or omentum, whereas 27% had solid or enteric organ involvement including the spleen, small intestine, or large intestine. CONCLUSION: Bochdalek's @entity547 is not rare, and the incidence of @entity2914 that contain enteric tract is higher than previously reported. This incidence likely represents a conservative estimate because some @entity2914 may have been overlooked or unreported.

title: Prevalence of incidental Bochdalek's XXXX in a large adult population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia', "Bochdalek's hernias"]

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Response to chemotherapy in malignant @entity2615 (MPM) is usually evaluated by radiological criteria, but no common agreement exists on their validity, yet. The cytoreductive effect of chemotherapy on @entity456 may make the lung more expansible, reducing the restrictive ventilatory impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in pulmonary function following chemotherapy in @entity1 with MPM and to correlate these findings with radiological changes. METHODS: Between 2004 and 2011, 62 consecutive @entity1 (74% males, median age 63 years) were prospectively investigated. Modified RECIST criteria were used for radiological evaluation of response to chemotherapy. All @entity1 underwent pulmonary function tests before and after three cycles of @entity902 -based chemotherapy. Changes between baseline and post-chemotherapy pulmonary function values (/\) and their differences were assessed by means of Student's paired and unpaired t-test, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed on spirometric parameters significantly associated with response. RESULTS: Thirty (48.4%) @entity1 had a radiological stable disease (S), 23 (37.1%) a partial response (R) and 9 (14.5%) a progressive disease (P). /\FEV1%pred (R: 18.1    18.5%; S: 0.5    9.3%; P: -11    13.5%; P < 0.0001), /\FVC%pred (R: 16.1    11.8%; S: 0.4    11.2%; P: -9.2    14.6%; P < 0.0001) and /\VC%pred (R: 12.9    15.7%; S: 1.5    12.1%; P: -6.1    13.2%; P = 0.001) were significantly associated with radiological response. A significant correlation was observed between /\FEV1%pred (r = 0.46, P = 0.01), /\FVC%pred (r = 0.43, P = 0.02) and % change in linear @entity5 measurement. ROC curve analysis using dichotomized radiological response (P/S vs R) as classification variables showed AUC = 0.88 (95%CI: 0.77-0.95) for /\FEV1%pred (optimal cut-off value: +7%, sensitivity: 83%, specificity: 82%, @entity2286 : 73%, NPV: 89%) and AUC = 0.86 (95%CI: 0.75-0.94) for /\FVC%pred (optimal cut-off value: +6%, sensitivity: 82%, specificity: 74%, @entity2286 : 64%, NPV: 88%). CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic lung volumes and radiological changes after chemotherapy seem directly related. Lung function changes could be an additional tool to better evaluate the response to chemotherapy in MPM.

title: Changes in pulmonary function tests predict radiological response to chemotherapy in malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: 1. A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) concentration on performance parameters, carcase composition, @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS) and @entity844 composition in leg and breast muscle and serum lipoprotein concentrations. 2. A total of 128 male @entity1573 were allocated to 4 dietary treatments (0, 1, 2 and 3% CLA) and given a standard starter diet from d 1 to d 21 and a finisher diet from d 22 to d 42. Breast and leg muscles were stored at 4 degrees C for 1, 3 or 7 d. @entity844 composition, TBARS and pH were determined in muscles. 3. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were positively influenced by dietary CLA level. CLA isomer concentration in muscles increased linearly (P < 0.01) as dietary CLA increased. Addition of CLA to feeds significantly increased @entity10194 ( @entity10194 ) and @entity5204 ( @entity5204 ) and decreased (P < 0.01) @entity8981 ( @entity8981 ) in leg and breast tissues. 4. Muscle pH decreased with duration of refrigerated storage. TBARS values were significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by dietary CLA and storage time. CLA increased total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 and HDL- @entity165 , but reduced @entity1674 in the plasma of broilers.

title: Effect of dietary conjugated XXXX (CLA) on broiler performance, serum lipoprotein content, muscle @entity844 composition and meat quality during refrigerated storage.

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid', 'PUFA']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid', 'Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity10194 :: ('CHEBI:26607', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acid', 'SFA']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity8981 :: ('CHEBI:25413', 'Chemical') :: ['MUFA', 'monounsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity and arterial @entity101 are tightly connected. Obese individuals show significant elevation of vasoconstrictory muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Obesity-related hyperleptinemia might play a key role in mediating these effects. @entity1243 is synthesized in proportion to body fat mass and activates SNA in animal models. In @entity1 , however, direct evidence linking hyperleptinemia to sympathetic activation has not yet been established. In the present study, we characterize the effects of acute hyperleptinemia on microneurographically recorded SNA in @entity1 . METHODS: In a balanced, double-blind crossover design, 12 healthy normal-weight males received an iv bolus of @entity1243 or placebo. MSNA (bursts per minute) was continuously recorded using a microneurographic technique. Ten-minute periods were analyzed at resting periods before (t-100) and at 20 (t20), 60 (t60), and 140 (t140) minutes after substance administration. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were recorded simultaneously. RESULTS: Baseline values of MSNA, blood pressure, and HR were comparable in both conditions (MSNA: t-100, 24.3    1.6 vs 22.7    1.7, not significant). After application of @entity1243 , MSNA showed a significant increase (t20, 31.0    1.9 vs. 24.9    1.8, P = .05) that persisted until the end of the experiment (t60, P = .008; t140, P = .004). There were no significant changes in blood pressure and HR. CONCLUSIONS: Acute experimental hyperleptinemia has significant central nervous excitatory effects on vasoconstrictory sympathetic outflow as measured by MSNA in healthy @entity1 . These results suggest that @entity1243 acts as an important mediator linking @entity28 to elevated MSNA and potentially to the development of @entity101 .

title: Experimental hyperleptinemia acutely increases vasoconstrictory sympathetic nerve activity in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Many barriers, including being uninsured or having less than comprehensive health insurance coverage, reduce access to palliative and end-of-life care by inner city minorities. Medicaid or Medicare coverage alone can limit options for @entity158 and symptom management, especially when late referrals make it more difficult to achieve symptom control. @entity1 affiliation with a religion could offset perceived difficulties with @entity158 medication as well as negative @entity158 and symptom attitudes. Data were analyzed from the most recent assessments of 146 African Americans and Latinos enrolled in an outpatient palliative care unit of an inner city hospital. Fifty-seven percent were receiving palliative care for @entity5 . Compared with other @entity1 , @entity1 with a religious affiliation did not differ regarding @entity158 medication stress. Uninsured @entity1 with a religious affiliation reported more @entity158 and symptom attitudes, while @entity1 with a religious affiliation covered only by Medicaid reported less @entity158 and symptom attitudes. More @entity158 and symptom attitudes by religious-affiliated, uninsured @entity1 may reveal adequate coping, yet also conceal problem domains. Conversely, less hopeful attitudes by religious-affiliated @entity1 covered only by Medicaid serve as clues to coping difficulties and problem domains. Palliative care programs should carefully consider how to integrate religious support networks as pipelines for program referrals and potential partners for care. @entity5 2007. (c) 2006 American @entity5 Society.

title: Palliative care in the inner city. XXXX religious affiliation, underinsurance, and symptom attitude.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hopeful pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: We investigated the long-term outcome of 100 @entity1 15 years after having been randomly allocated to primary repair (augmented or non-augmented) or non-surgical treatment of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) @entity397 . The subjective outcome was similar between the groups, with no difference regarding activity level and @entity3331 and @entity571 outcome score but with a slightly lower Lysholm score for the non-surgically treated group. This difference was attributed to more instability symptoms. The @entity571 ( @entity571 ) frequency did not differ between surgically or non-surgically treated @entity1 , but if a meniscectomy was performed, two-thirds of the @entity1 showed @entity571 changes regardless of initial treatment of the ACL. There were significantly more @entity130 in @entity1 initially treated non-surgically. One-third of the @entity1 in the non-surgically treated group underwent secondary ACL reconstruction due to instability problems. In this study, ACL repair itself could not reduce the risk of @entity571 nor increase the subjective outcome scores. However, one-third of the non-surgical treated @entity1 were later ACL reconstructed due to instability. The status of the menisci was found to be the most important predictor of developing @entity571 . Early ACL repair and also ACL reconstruction can reduce the risk of secondary meniscus tears. Indirectly this supports the hypothesis that early stabilization of the knee after @entity130 is advantageous for the long-term outcome.

title: Long-term results after primary repair or non-surgical treatment of anterior cruciate XXXX : a randomized study with a 15-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['radiological osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee-injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ACL injury', 'meniscus injuries']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ligament rupture']


abstract: The @entity15609 3 (P-3)-infected @entity840 was examined as a model for virus-provoked @entity1224 by measuring changes in airway overflow pressure in response to intravenously (iv) administered @entity112 . In vitro responses of lung parenchymal strips to several contractile substances were also measured. All studies were conducted 4 days after nasal insufflation with P-3 or P-3 growth medium (control). Increases in airway overflow pressure caused by @entity112 were enhanced by P-3 infection, and the dose required to produce a standard level of response was decreased (i.e., there was an increase in sensitivity to @entity112 ). Enhancement of in vivo @entity112 responses caused by P-3 was prevented both by cutting the vagus nerves in the midcervical region and by iv administered @entity4033 , 5 mg/kg. The enhancement was not blocked by 1 mg/kg of @entity3897 given iv, but was blocked by a larger dose 5 mg/kg. The larger dose of @entity3897 significantly antagonized responses to @entity112 in the P-3-infected state. Increases in airway overflow pressure produced by electrical stimulation of the left vagus and @entity1239 (1 and 10 mg/kg given iv), both studied after bilateral vagotomy and @entity1169 , 1 mg/kg given iv, were also enhanced by P-3 infection. @entity3897 , 1 mg/kg given iv blocked the P-3-induced enhancement of responses to vagus stimulation. @entity1169 , 1 mg/kg, and @entity5521 , 3 mg/kg, given together iv, produced a doubling of the airway overflow pressure only in P-3-infected animals. @entity1169 alone or other receptor antagonists did not produce as marked a change in either group of animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: In vivo and in vitro studies on the use of the XXXX as a model for virus-provoked @entity1224 .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity15609 :: ('MESH:D018184', 'Disease') :: ['parainfluenza']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: AIM: To investigate whether the incidence of @entity11637 in @entity1 undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or same-day bidirectional endoscopy (EGD and colonoscopy; @entity27833 ) with sedation is different from those without sedation in terms of quantity, duration and typical onset time. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 scheduled for elective EGD or same-day @entity27833 at the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit or the health examination center were allocated to two groups: EGD without sedation (Group A) and @entity27833 with sedation (Group B). The use of sedation was based on the @entity1 ' request. Anesthesiologists participated in this study by administrating sedative drugs as usual. A single experienced gastroenterologist performed both the EGD and the colonoscopic examinations for all the @entity1 . The incidence, duration and onset time of @entity11637 were measured in both groups. In addition, the association between clinical variables and @entity11637 were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 435 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. The incidences of @entity11637 in the @entity1 with and without sedation were significantly different (20.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The use of sedation for @entity1 undergoing endoscopy was still significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity11637 (adjusted odds ratio: 8.79, P < 0.001) after adjustment. The incidence of @entity11637 in males under sedation was high (67.4%). The sedated @entity1 who received 2 mg @entity1363 developed @entity11637 more frequently compared to those receiving 1 mg @entity1363 (P = 0.0028). The @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity354 ( @entity354 ) were prone to develop @entity11637 (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Male @entity1 undergoing EGD or @entity27833 with sedation are significantly more likely to suffer from @entity11637 compared to those without sedation. @entity1363 was significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity11637 . Furthermore, @entity1 with @entity354 are prone to develop @entity11637 .

title: Sedation-associated XXXX in adults undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

answer: @entity11637 :: (MESH:D006606,Disease) :: ['hiccups']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether the combined use of markers of host immune response (HLA-DR) and apoptosis ( @entity589 and @entity588 ) can predict prognosis in @entity189 @entity1 . PROCEDURES: Immunohistochemical staining for HLA-DR, @entity589 and @entity588 proteins was investigated retrospectively in 37 @entity1 with @entity957 . Seven healthy adult males were used as the control group. RESULTS: HLA-DR antigen expression was detected in the @entity5 cells of 18 @entity1 (48.6%). Another 18 @entity1 (48.6%) expressed HLA-DR antigen in the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate, while @entity589 and @entity588 protein expressions were detected in 17 (45.9%) and 9 (24.3%) @entity1 , respectively. None of the controls expressed any of the proteins studied. @entity588 and HLA-DR protein expressions of the @entity5 infiltrate were statistically significant independent prognostic factors suggesting improved survival (p = 0.0272 and p = 0.0285, respectively). @entity589 +/ @entity588 - @entity1 demonstrated an unfavorable clinical outcome (p = 0.0298), followed by a significantly increased mean HLA-DR antigen expression observed both in the @entity5 and the stroma cells (p = 0.024 and p = 0.045, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity588 and HLA-DR proteins independently predict a dismal prognosis among @entity189 @entity1 . The @entity589 +/ @entity588 - protein coexpression pattern correlates with elevated immunohistochemical expression of HLA-DR antigen both by @entity5 and peritumoral stromal cells. MESSAGE: @entity588 and HLA-DR are significant prognostic markers in @entity189 @entity1 . Further prospective investigation is required to validate our findings.

title: The role of host immune response and apoptosis in XXXX with @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Both the incidence and mortality of @entity189 ( @entity11408 ) have decreased in Hong Kong and Taiwan but not in mainland China. The goal of this study was to analyze trends in @entity11408 @entity1 survival between 1976 and 2005 in Sihui, an area of mainland China with a population at high risk for @entity11408 . A total of 1,761 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity11408 between 1976 and 2005 according to the records of Sihui Cancer Registry were followed to the end of 2006. We determined their observed and relative survival rates and used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to predict prognosis. Our results showed that the 5-year and 10-year observed survival rates of @entity11408 @entity1 in Sihui were 50.5% and 36.9%, respectively, and the median survival time was 5.1 years. The 5-year observed survival rate of @entity11408 @entity1 diagnosed after 2000 was 69.8%, significantly higher than that of @entity1 diagnosed between 1976 and 1985 (42.5%; P < 0.001, relative risk = 0.28). Similarly, the 5-year relative survival rate was 84.8% between 2000 and 2005 but 51.8% between 1976 and 1985. Besides date of diagnosis, other prognostic factors included @entity1 sex and age and @entity11408 clinical stage and histologic type. The relative risks of @entity204 from @entity11408 were 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.90] for female comparing to male and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.00-1.64) for WHO type I comparing to WHO types II and III. For the eldest age group and the latest clinical stage group, the relative risks were 2.22 (95% CI: 1.73-2.84) and 3.41 (95% CI: 2.34-4.49), respectively. Our results indicate that the survival of @entity11408 @entity1 in Sihui has significantly increased in recent years and this increase is not influenced by @entity1 's sex, age, histologic type, and clinical stage. A reduction in mortality rate is expected in coming years.

title: Trends in the survival of XXXX with @entity189 between 1976 and 2005 in Sihui, China: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The timing and indications for surgical intervention to prevent systemic @entity887 in @entity884 remain controversial. We conducted a trial to compare clinical outcomes of early surgery and conventional treatment in @entity1 with @entity884 . METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity1 with left-sided @entity884 , severe @entity340 , and large vegetations to early surgery (37 @entity1 ) or conventional treatment (39). The primary end point was a composite of in-hospital death and @entity887 that occurred within 6 weeks after randomization. RESULTS: All the @entity1 assigned to the early-surgery group underwent valve surgery within 48 hours after randomization, whereas 30 @entity1 (77%) in the conventional-treatment group underwent surgery during the initial hospitalization (27 @entity1 ) or during follow-up (3). The primary end point occurred in 1 @entity1 (3%) in the early-surgery group as compared with 9 (23%) in the conventional-treatment group (hazard ratio, 0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01 to 0.82; P=0.03). There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality at 6 months in the early-surgery and conventional-treatment groups (3% and 5%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.05 to 5.66; P=0.59). The rate of the composite end point of death from any cause, @entity887 , or recurrence of @entity884 at 6 months was 3% in the early-surgery group and 28% in the conventional-treatment group (hazard ratio, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.65; P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: As compared with conventional treatment, early surgery in @entity1 with @entity884 and large vegetations significantly reduced the composite end point of death from any cause and @entity887 by effectively decreasing the risk of systemic @entity887 . (EASE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00750373.).

title: Early surgery versus conventional treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve disease']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: Senile nuclear @entity231 lenses were divided into three groups of increasing nuclear color. These groups were considered as successive stages in the development of @entity231 . The cortex and the nucleus of normal and @entity231 lenses were separated into water-soluble, @entity1133 -soluble and @entity1133 -insoluble fractions. Fractionation on a Sephadex G-200 column of the water-soluble components revealed five protein fractions for both cortex and nucleus. Only minor quantitative differences in polypeptide chain composition were found by isoelectric focusing between corresponding protein fractions isolated from normal and @entity231 lenses. The weight percentages of the water-soluble, @entity1133 -soluble, and @entity1133 -insoluble fractions of cortex and nucleus from the normal and @entity231 lenses were determined. A decrease of the amounts of the water-soluble and @entity1133 -soluble fractions and a concomitant increase of the @entity1133 -insoluble fraction were observed in the nucleus as a function of @entity231 development. Lens wet weight and protein content did not change significantly. The @entity1735 content of the @entity1133 -soluble fractions increased, that of the @entity1133 -insoluble fraction decreased. A striking decrease of the phospholipid content in the @entity1133 -insoluble fraction was found.

title: Protein changes in the human lens during development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['senile nuclear cataract', 'cataractous', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['senile nuclear cataract']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of @entity6 on the manifestation of digitalis @entity1370 in whole animal model. Animals after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of @entity3839 treatment (60 mg/kg i.v.) were anesthetized (45 mg/kg @entity4486 and 500 mg/kg @entity4774 ), chest opened and instrumented for the recording of EKG, carotid pressure, left ventricular pressure and dp/dt. @entity7832 was infused at a fixed rate (0.4 mg/kg/min) via the femoral vein. Animals at all stages of @entity6 had sinus @entity1168 , but the basal mechanical function was found to be @entity308 only after 12 weeks of @entity3839 treatment. After 16 weeks of @entity3839 injection, 40% of the animals showed some spontaneous arrhythmic activity, which lasted only a few seconds, and prolonged QTc (QT interval corrected for heart rate). In response to @entity7832 infusion, @entity6 animals showed less maximal inotropic effect (30-40% reduction from the weight-matched control @entity35 ) and required at least 3-fold more @entity7832 for the initiation of @entity943 than the nondiabetic @entity35 (24.031 +/- 1.52 mg/kg vs 8.05 +/- 1.3 mg/kg). The reduced sensitivity to @entity7832 could not be explained by the presence of @entity1168 . Response to a toxic dose of @entity7832 was restored to the nondiabetic state on treatment with insulin. These observations suggest that the diseased @entity6 shows diminished sensitivity to digitalis @entity137 .

title: Influence of the @entity6 state on digitalis-induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity7832 :: ('MESH:D010042', 'Chemical') :: ['Ouabain', 'ouabain']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) treatment for the periorbital findings in @entity6725 ( @entity6725 ). METHODS: The medical records of three @entity1 with @entity6725 , with and without @entity565 , who were treated with @entity1500 at Oregon Health _ Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA were examined. Diagnosis of @entity6725 was made by biopsy in all @entity1 . The @entity1 were evaluated between February 1998 and July 2006. All @entity1 had failed prior medical and/or surgical treatment. @entity1500 was administered at 10-20 mg/week with @entity1501 supplementation and a course of corticosteroids. Efficacy was assessed on the basis of improvement in @entity272 , involvement of the @entity227 and @entity1 ' report of @entity32 . RESULTS: All three @entity1 were started on @entity1500 , but one @entity1 discontinued treatment after 3 weeks due to @entity390 . With follow-up as long as 3 years, the two @entity1 who continued treatment lost the yellow discoloration of their skin, and they reported significantly less @entity32 and ptosis after treatment. Oral @entity288 could be reduced or discontinued. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6725 is a rare, persistent disease that commonly involves the preseptal fat. @entity1500 is a therapeutic option for this illness.

title: Management of orbital xanthogranuloma with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual axis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6725 :: ('MESH:D014972', 'Disease') :: ['adult-onset xanthogranuloma', 'AOX']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin discoloration']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: The direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin (Hb) immobilized by a @entity16820 - @entity1568 doped @entity505 nanotubes and chitosan (C60-NCNTs/ @entity32875 ) composite matrix is demonstrated. The cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize the modified electrode. In the deaerated buffer solution, the cyclic voltammogram of the Hb/C60-NCNTs/ @entity32875 composite film modified electrode showed a pair of well-behaved redox peaks with the E  '=-0.335 (   0.3) V (vs. SCE). The redox peaks are assigned to the redox reaction of Hb(Fe(III)/ @entity8798 ) and confirm the effective immobilization of Hb on the composite film. The large value of ks = 1.8 (   0.2)s(-1) suggests that the immobilized Hb achieved a relative fast electron transfer process. The fast electron transfer interaction between protein and electrode surface suggested that the C60-NCNTs/ @entity32875 composite film may mimic some physiological process and further elucidate the relationship between protein structures and biological functions. Moreover, the resulting electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic ability towards the reduction of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) with the linear dynamic range of 2.0-225.0  M. The linear regression equation was Ip/ A=7.35 (   0.08)+0.438 (   0.007)C/ M with the correlation coefficient of 0.9993. The detection limit was estimated at about 1  M (S/N=3). The sensitivity was 438.0 (   2.5)  A mM(-1). It is expected that the method presented here can not only be easily extended to other redox enzymes or proteins, but also be used as an electrochemical sensing devices for the determination of @entity274 in cell extracts or urine.

title: XXXX - @entity1568 doped @entity505 nanotubes for the direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin and its application in biosensing.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity16820 :: ('MESH:D037741', 'Chemical') :: ['fullerene']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity16820 :: (MESH:D037741,Chemical) :: ['Fullerene']


abstract: Cachexia is rarely observed in @entity1 with @entity263 treated with combined @entity342 blockade. Androgens play an important role in the regulation of body mass composition and influence the secretion of @entity1243 , the appetite regulating hormone. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a combined treatment with nonsteroidal antiandrogen and @entity1176 analogue on the hormonal regulation of appetite and changes in body mass in @entity1 with @entity263 (Whitmore-Jewett stage D1 or D2). Eighteen @entity1 with @entity263 and 17 healthy subjects matched for age and body mass index were included. In all patients serum concentrations of @entity1243 , @entity7766 ( @entity7766 ), insulin, @entity251 and @entity53 were measured before and after four and twelve weeks of @entity342 blockade. Pretreatment serum @entity1243 levels were similar in @entity1 with @entity263 and in the controls. In a multiple regression analysis only body mass index and @entity251 significantly contributed to the variation of plasma @entity1243 . During the treatment body mass and plasma @entity1243 significantly increased while @entity7766 decreased. The change of plasma @entity7766 was significant only after 4 weeks of therapy. This study shows that the afferent regulation of @entity1243 secretion is unchanged in @entity263 . @entity342 ablation significantly increases body mass and influences secretion of appetite regulating hormones. @entity251 appears to play a significant role in the regulation of @entity1243 secretion.

title: Hormonal regulation of appetite and body mass in @entity1 with @entity263 treated with combined XXXX blockade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In healthcare economics, the cost factor plays a leading role, particularly for @entity102 such as @entity454 because of the growing number of @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: An international comparison was made of the costs and reimbursement/funding of a selection of key dialysis modalities--centre haemodialysis (CHD), @entity9053 ( @entity9053 ), home haemodialysis (home @entity2033 ), @entity298 ( @entity298 ) and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD)--in various industrial countries. The focus was on treatment costs plus erythropoietin medication and reimbursement of transportation costs. RESULTS: Reimbursement/funding of dialysis is different from country to country, with some healthcare system-specific commonalities: in 'public' systems, the funding is based more on global budgets, whereas in mixed public and private countries it is based mainly on reimbursement rates per treatment. Only in the 'private system' of the US is there one DRG (diagnostic-related group)-type rate for dialysis. By comparing the costs (in public countries) or reimbursements (in mixed countries) of treatment modalities within each country, we could see similar curves: the costs were the highest for public CHD, followed by private CHD. They were lower on @entity9053 and the lowest for home @entity2033 and @entity298 , which were at nearly the same level. The cost level for APD was almost the same as that of @entity9053 . The reimbursements followed the cost pattern. Some countries introduced increases for @entity298 and APD with the intention of increasing the share of home care. The costs and reimbursement patterns in the majority of countries (except the US and Japan) were very similar and therefore did not explain the different distribution of modalities in these countries. One explanation could be, however, the difference in microeconomics, CHD being a treatment with high fixed costs (personnel and structure) and @entity298 being a treatment with low fixed costs, but high variable costs (supplies) and a low need for investments. DISCUSSION: The choice of treatment modality seems to be influenced strongly by the provider's perspective, being either public with limited @entity2033 capacity or private having invested in @entity2033 capacity. For public providers (and healthcare payers), @entity298 is less expensive than CHD and offers a number of potential savings. In many countries, two @entity298 @entity1 could be treated for the same costs as one CHD @entity1 . The microeconomics of private centres, however, are meant to use the investments maximally for CHD. Only if capacity limits are reached, is @entity1726 , with mainly supply costs, interesting. The future with constantly increasing numbers of @entity1 and growing cost constraints will force all providers to make the best use of their resources by also offering home therapies such as @entity1726 to @entity1 . The latter are cost efficient and offer comparable survival and quality of life.

title: Healthcare systems and XXXX ( @entity454 ) therapies--an international review: costs and reimbursement/funding of @entity454 therapies.

entities_list: @entity9053 :: ('MESH:D045745', 'Disease') :: ['limited care haemodialysis', 'LCHD']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis', 'CAPD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a health problem in the majority of the developed countries and is emerging as a serious problem in the developing countries. In this study we examined 5083 Kashmiri adults to determine the prevalence of @entity28 . METHODS: In this epidemiological study, after multistage sampling procedure from all the six districts of Kashmir Valley, 5083 Kashmiri adults (males and non-pregnant females of > or = 40 years age) were examined for body mass index (BMI) and @entity572 ( @entity572 ). RESULTS: Out of 5083 study subjects, 2496 were males and 2587 were females. BMI ranged between 14.6 to 38.5 kg/m2 in males and between 13.6 to 42.6 kg/m2 in females. BMI in females was comparatively more than that in males (23.88 +/- 3.94 Vs 22.30 +/- 3.11, p < 0.001). @entity572 ranged between 0.68 to 1.16 in males and between 0.65 to 1.16 in females. Again females had comparatively more @entity572 than their male counterparts (0.935 +/- 0.055 vs 0.926 +/- 0.055, P < 0.001). According to BMI, the overall prevalence of @entity28 in the study population was 15.01%; the prevalence of @entity28 in males was 7.01% and in females 23.69%. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity28 is a growing problem even in developing regions like ours. It is more common in females and in urban population.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in adults--an epidemiological study from Kashmir Valley of Indian Subcontinent.

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['WHR', 'waist to hip ratio']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Crude extracts of house dust mites are used clinically for diagnosis and immunotherapy of @entity56 , including @entity565 , @entity9590 , and @entity483 . However, crude extracts are complexes with non-allergenic antigens and lack effective concentrations of important allergens, resulting in several side effects. @entity8786 (Hughes; Acari: Pyroglyphidae) is one of the predominant sources of dust mite allergens, which has more than 30 groups of allergen. The cDNA coding for the group 5 allergen of @entity8786 from China was cloned, sequenced and expressed. According to alignment using the VECTOR NTI 9.0 software, there were eight mismatched nucleotides in five cDNA clones resulting in seven incompatible @entity535 residues, suggesting that the Der f 5 allergen might have sequence polymorphism. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the matured Der f 5 allergen has a molecular mass of 13604.03 Da, a theoretical pI of 5.43 and is probably hydrophobic and cytoplasmic. Similarities in @entity535 sequences between Der f 5 and allergens of other domestic mite species, viz. Der p 5, Blo t 5, Sui m 5, and Lep d 5, were 79, 48, 53, and 37%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Der f 5 and Der p 5 clustered together. Blo t 5 and Ale o 5 also clustered together, although Blomia tropicalis and Aleuroglyphus ovatus belong to different mite families, viz. Echimyopodidae and Acaridae, respectively.

title: Cloning, bioinformatics analysis, and expression of the dust mite allergen Der f 5 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae', 'D. farinae']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial rhinitis']

answer: @entity8786 :: (6954,Species) :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To assess whether self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (SMBG) is an independent predictor of improved outcome in a community-based cohort of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used longitudinal data from (1) 1,280 @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 in the observational Fremantle @entity6 Study (FDS) who reported SMBG and @entity6 treatment status at study entry (1993-1996), and (2) a subset of 531 @entity1 who attended six or more annual assessments (referred to as the 5-year cohort). @entity6 -related morbidity, @entity204 and all-cause mortality were ascertained at each assessment, supplemented by linkage to the Western Australian Data Linkage System. RESULTS: At baseline, 70.2% (898 out of 1,280) of @entity164 2 @entity1 used SMBG. During 12,491 @entity1 -years of follow-up (mean 9.8+/-3.5 years), 486 (38.0%) @entity164 2 @entity1 died (196 [15.3%] from cardiac causes). SMBG was significantly less prevalent in those who died during follow-up than in those who were still alive at the end of June 2006 (65.4 vs 73.0%, p=0.005). In Cox proportional hazards modelling, after adjustment for confounding and explanatory variables, SMBG was not independently associated with all-cause mortality, but was associated with a 79% increased risk of @entity65 in @entity1 not treated with insulin. For the 5-year cohort, time-dependent SMBG was independently associated with a 48% reduced risk of @entity989 . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: SMBG was not independently associated with improved survival. Inconsistent findings relating to the association of SMBG with @entity204 and @entity989 may be due to confounding, incomplete covariate adjustment or chance.

title: Does self-monitoring of blood @entity413 improve outcome in XXXX 2 @entity6 ? The Fremantle @entity6 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although there has been a dramatic increase in education about @entity204 and dying in medical school curricula, the physician's interaction with terminally ill @entity1 and their families still causes concern. The purpose of our study was to determine the impact of the third-year clerkship on education of medical students about @entity204 and dying. METHODS: From August 1, 1988, to August 1, 1990, a questionnaire concerning the care of terminally ill @entity1 was distributed to all students completing the third-year clinical clerkship at our medical school. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty questionnaires were distributed, of which 106 were returned, yielding a response rate of 59%. All students had cared for a terminally ill @entity1 during their third year. Forty-four (41%) students responding had never been present when an attending physician talked with a dying @entity1 , and 37 (35%) had never discussed with an attending physician how to deal with a terminally ill @entity1 . During the surgical clerkship 77 (73%) students had never been present when a surgeon had to tell the family of a @entity1 bad news after surgery, and 90 (85%) had never been present when an attending surgeon had informed a family that their relative had died. Despite the fact that the curriculum addresses the stages of @entity204 and dying, almost half of the students could not remember these. When they were discharging a terminally ill @entity1 home, one third of students could not identify problems that would be encountered by the family in caring for the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Fifty-seven (54%) felt that they were poorly equipped to deal with terminally ill @entity1 on graduation from medical school, and 91% welcomed the opportunity to be educated in this area during the clinical years.

title: Education about XXXX and dying during the clinical years of medical school.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: The aims of this study were to establish the temporal-spatial relationship between muscle activity and the smash @entity64 of skilled badminton players and to assess performance accuracy using the @entity7085 of constant distance. We recorded the surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of selected superficial muscles of the stroking arm and shoulder--flexor carpi ulnalis, extensor carpi radialis, triceps brachii (lateral head), biceps brachii and trapezius (upper)--during the badminton smash. In the first part of the study, we examined the characteristics of muscle function and performance accuracy of skilled and unskilled individuals during the badminton smash. Five well-trained badminton players and five students with no experience of badminton were asked to smash a shuttle as hard as they could towards a vertical square target 4 m away, repeating the @entity64 30 times. In general, the skilled players showed a more constant time from peak electromyographic amplitude to impact. Immediately after impact, the electromyographic activity of the triceps brachii and flexor carpi radialis of the skilled players decreased; in the unskilled @entity1 , however, it continued until well after impact. The area of the @entity7085 of constant distance and the off-target distance, which were used as indices of performance accuracy, were smaller for the skilled than for the unskilled @entity1 . In the second part of the study, one skilled and one unskilled @entity1 performed 100 trials a day for 6 days. The time from peak electromyographic amplitude to impact in the extensor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnalis was more variable in the unskilled than in the skilled @entity1 even after 6 days of practice, but the proximal muscles of the unskilled @entity1 had a similar pattern of activity to that of the skilled player. Thus, controlling the distal muscles appears to be important for achieving accurate performance of the smash in badminton.

title: Muscle activity and accuracy of performance of the smash XXXX in badminton with reference to skill and practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'participants']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: External and/or middle ear pathologies are commonly encountered by otolaryngologists, family practitioners and pediatricians. If left undiagnosed, these conditions may result in significant irreversible damage such as varying degree of @entity393 that can affect the social or professional performance of the individuals in later stages of life. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of several external and/or @entity2172 among 7-13-year-old primary school students in Yozgat province. The province of Yozgat serves as a transition point between the Central Anatolian and Black Sea regions of @entity233 . Nine hundred and seventy-eight primary school students were included in the study between @entity3490 , 2012 and March 15, 2012. All subjects underwent a routine ear examination in school with a diagnostic otoscope. The students with pathologic ear findings were further evaluated to identify the underlying process. The age range of 978 students (527 males, 451 females) was 7 to 13 (mean: 10.5) years. Tympanic membrane (TM) pathology was detected in 33 (3.37%) of the cases overall. Of the cases, 3 (0.30%) had TM perforation, 11 (1.12%) had @entity14360 ( @entity14360 ), 13 (1.32%) had @entity2171 media, 1 (0.10%) had @entity1146 of the left ear, and 4 (0.40%) had retraction pocket. One @entity1 (0.10%) had undergone a left cochlear implantation procedure. The results of our study seem to be comparable with the other studies reported in the literature. Routine periodic ear examinations during the primary school ages are mandatory to obtain the exact prevalence of these pathologies in the entire population. We believe that early childhood screening of @entity2172 will have a positive effect on treatment.

title: The prevalence of XXXX among 7- to 13-year-old primary school students in Yozgat province.

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear diseases', 'middle ear disease']

entities_list: @entity14360 :: ('MESH:D063371', 'Disease') :: ['myringosclerosis', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['serous otitis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['middle ear diseases']


abstract: AIM: Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha ( @entity6217 ) plays a role not only as an activator of mitochondrial biogenesis, but also as a suppressor of inflammatory cytokines, which induce @entity102 . Therefore, increasing @entity6217 expression can be one of the important factors for preventing @entity102 . @entity6217 expression is activated by @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) and @entity268 dependent kinase. The activity of these enzymes depends on the exercise intensity. Therefore, this study compared the effects of two different exercise intensities (above @entity880 threshold (LT) and below LT) with an equal amount of energy expenditure on @entity6217 gene expression in @entity1 skeletal muscle. METHODS: Six young @entity1 participated in this study. They performed exercise at 120% and 80% LT intensity. The duration of the 120% LT exercise was 60 minutes and the duration of the session performed at 80% LT was calculated to yield equal energy expenditure as the 120% LT intensity exercise. Skeletal muscle was obtained after 1 hour of exercise. RESULTS: The working rate, % peak VO2 and HR during exercise were significantly higher in at 120% LT than at 80% LT. @entity6217 gene expression was not significantly different between control (0.087; 0.026-0.284 (the median; inter quartile range)) and 80% LT (0.171; 0.030-0.484). However, @entity6217 gene expression after 120% LT (0.441; 0.121-4.643) was significantly higher than in the control. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that @entity6217 gene expression depends on exercise intensity.

title: Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha gene expression increases above the lactate threshold in XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine monophosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is generally accepted that severely displaced or @entity174 of the fifth metacarpal should be treated by closed reduction and pinning. As antegrade intramedullary splinting avoids adhesions of the extensor hood and provides intramedullary stability this technique seems to be advantageous in comparison with traditional retrograde percutaneous crossed pinning. We raised the question whether the antegrade technique would give clinical and radiological results superior to the retrograde technique and investigated this within a comparative clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity174 of the fifth metacarpal who received operative treatment were included in a retrospective cohort study. Data was analysed from medical records and a clinical and radiological outcome evaluation was performed. Fifteen @entity1 had antegrade intramedullary splinting and fifteen @entity1 retrograde percutaneous pinning. Median time for follow-up was 17 and 18 months, respectively. RESULTS: A significantly better outcome was found after antegrade splinting for ROM restriction of the metacarpophalangeal joint (0 degrees vs. -15 degrees ; P = 0.016), shortening (P = 0.029), @entity158 (0 vs. 5; VAS 0-100; P = 0.026), and overall assessment by the Steel score (400 vs. 357; P = 0.001). There was no statistical difference in grip strength and functional assessment by the DASH score. CONCLUSION: From our clinical and radiological data we conclude that antegrade intramedullary splinting is superior to retrograde percutaneous crossed pinning and thus should be preferentially considered for @entity174 of the fifth metacarpal.

title: Antegrade intramedullary splinting or percutaneous retrograde crossed pinning for XXXX of the fifth metacarpal?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['malrotated neck fractures', 'displaced neck fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['displaced neck fractures']


abstract: Many important features of the biology of @entity263 have not been discussed in this review, which has emphasized the traditional criteria for characterizing the biologic behavior of the disease: volume, grade, and invasiveness. Studies of the pathology of @entity263 found at autopsy or in the clinic, the natural history of the disease, and the results of treatment trials leave little room for doubt that large @entity5 , particularly those that are not well differentiated or that invade outside of the prostate, will prove lethal if not effectively treated. We do not know whether some @entity263 are potentially dangerous. Perhaps studies of nuclear features, DNA content, or oncogene expression will be able to distinguish the potentially lethal small @entity5 from the truly "latent" small @entity5 . We do, however, have strong evidence that every big @entity5 is dangerous. Autopsy studies have established that there are not two forms of @entity263 , but one. Initial malignant transformation in the prostate produces an @entity420 histologically indistinguishable from any other @entity263 . However, a promoter seems to be necessary to activate the @entity5 and allow it to express its malignant potential. The strong correlation between the prevalence of large, @entity5 found at autopsy and the clinical incidence and mortality rate of @entity263 in populations around the world strongly supports the concept of a multistep process in the pathogenesis of the disease. If McNeal's detailed volumetric studies are accurate, then we can estimate the proportion of "autopsy" @entity5 that are large enough to threaten the life and well-being of their host. This proportion appears to be about 20 per cent, and these are the undetected but "clinically important" @entity5 . The dilemma of @entity263 becomes less puzzling when viewed in this light. In a daunting display of the power of the paradox of @entity263 , Chodak estimated that if every @entity5 present in American @entity1 were to be found and treated, 75,000 @entity1 would die from the treatment, whereas less than 30,000 are expected to die of the disease this year! But this paradox can be explained by introducing time into the analysis, basing estimates on the lifetime risks rather than the annual incidence. For a 50-year-old @entity1 , the lifetime risk of developing @entity5 in the prostate is about 42 per cent, the risk of developing the disease clinically is 9.5 per cent, and the risk of dying from the disease is 2.9 per cent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Early detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'proliferative cancers']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['small prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Impairments in feedback processing and reinforcement learning appear to be prominent aspects of @entity161 ( @entity161 ), which may relate to symptoms of the disorder. Evidence from cognitive neuroscience investigations indicates that disparate brain systems may underlie different kinds of feedback-driven learning. The ability to rapidly shift response tendencies in the face of negative feedback, when reinforcement contingencies are reversed, is an important type of learning thought to depend on ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC). @entity161 has long been associated with dysfunction in dorsolateral areas of PFC, but evidence for ventral PFC impairment in more mixed. In order to assess whether @entity161 @entity1 experience particular difficulty in carrying out a cognitive function commonly linked to ventral PFC function, we administered to 34 @entity1 and 26 controls a modified version of an established probabilistic reversal learning task from the experimental literature [Cools, R., Clark, L., Owen, A.M., Robbins, T.W., 2002. Defining the neural mechanisms of probabilistic reversal learning using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. J. Neurosci. 22, 4563-4567]. Although @entity161 @entity1 and controls performed similarly on the initial acquisition of probabilistic contingencies, @entity1 showed substantial @entity4207 when reinforcement contingencies were reversed, achieving significantly fewer reversals [chi(2)(6)=15.717, p=0.008]. Even when analyses were limited to subjects who acquired all probabilistic contingencies initially (22 @entity1 and 20 controls), @entity1 achieved significantly fewer reversals [chi(2)(3)=9.408, p=0.024]. These results support the idea that ventral PFC dysfunction is a prevalent aspect of @entity161 pathophysiology, which may contribute to deficits in reinforcement learning exhibited by @entity1 . Further studies are required to investigate the roles of dopaminergic systems in these impairments.

title: Probabilistic reversal @entity4207 in XXXX : further evidence of orbitofrontal dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenia', 'SZ']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning impairments']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity2204 is a protein involved in @entity165 and lipid transport. The gene coding for this protein has three different alleles: @entity15914 . The e4 allele is recognised as a significant risk factor for the development of @entity195 in later life. @entity2121 , behavioural and functional evidence has demonstrated that the e4 allele may confer a cognitive advantage to the carrier in youth. In this article, a range of sophisticated and novel structural imaging techniques were used to identify subtle differences in the brain tissue of groups of young e4 and homozygous e3 carriers that might support this paradox. Using voxel-based morphometry of high-resolution structural MR images, we identified a higher white matter volume ratio in e4 relative to homozygous e3 carriers. Furthermore, diffusion tensor imaging and tract-based spatial statistics studies identified increases in axial diffusivity and mode of anisotropy in carriers of the e4 allele. In addition, quantitative magnetisation transfer data were analysed using tract-based spatial statistics. Evidence of a trend towards an increased transverse relaxation time of the bound proton pool was detected in e4 carriers, indicative of altered white matter composition. These changes were found to correlate with indices of cognitive performance across the two groups, supporting the notion that such subtle differences in white matter integrity may confer neural advantages that contribute to cognitive outcomes and, potentially, to performance differences, such as observed here in a test of verbal fluency and reported previously by other researchers. Copyright    2013 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: MRI of carriers of the XXXX e4 allele-evidence for structural differences in normal-appearing brain tissue in e4+ relative to e4- young adults.

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['Apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['Paradoxically']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Depressed cell-mediated immunity is a frequent event in @entity1 with @entity135 and is characterized by @entity73 cell-proliferative responses and natural killer cell and lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. This immunosuppressive effect appears to be mediated by a serum-derived factor. Certain cytokines, including @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and @entity688 have been shown to induce similar immunosuppressive effects. The present study was designed to examine the putative role of these cytokines in cellular immune suppression induced by patient serum. METHODS: Serum was collected from multiple @entity1 with newly diagnosed or recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 . The serum was heat inactivated for 30 min and frozen in aliquots. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from normal @entity1 blood. Lymphocytes were suspended in RPMI and 15% concentrations of control and patient serum and stimulated with 0.75 mg% phytohemagglutinin. In addition, neutralizing antibodies to @entity2533 and @entity688 were added to lymphocyte cultures. At 24 h, and @entity1199 response assay was performed. Finally, the sera were examined for the presence of @entity2533 and @entity688 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: In seven of seven experiments, incubating cells with a neutralizing antibody to @entity2533 failed to counteract the immune suppression and restore proliferative response to @entity1199 . Also, an ELISA of these sera failed to demonstrate the presence of @entity2533 . In contrast, four of five experiments performed with neutralizing antibody to @entity688 showed significant restoration of proliferation in the presence of this antibody. Also, ELISA showed elevated @entity688 levels in 65% of the @entity1 ' sera in comparison to controls. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity2533 is not responsible for the immunosuppressive effects induced by @entity135 @entity1 sera. However, the suppressive effect is reversed by blocking the biologic action of @entity688 . Further experiments are needed to define the role of @entity688 in inducing the immunosuppressive effect.

title: @entity688 as a possible mediator of immunosuppressive effect in @entity1 with XXXX of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of T']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Prenatally androgenized (PA) female @entity2608 share @entity209 in common with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) @entity1 . Early gestation exposure (E) results in insulin resistance, impaired pancreatic beta-cell function and type 2 @entity6 , while late gestation exposure (L) results in supranormal insulin sensitivity that declines with increasing body mass index (BMI). OBJECTIVE: To determine whether PA females have altered body fat distribution. DESIGN: Five early-treated PA (EPA), five late-treated PA ( @entity4991 ) and five control adult female monkeys underwent somatometrics, dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and abdominal computed tomography (CT). Five control and five EPA females underwent an intravenous @entity413 tolerance test to assess the relationship between body composition and glucoregulation. RESULTS: There were no differences in age, weight, BMI or somatometrics. @entity4991 females had approximately 20% greater DXA-determined total fat and percent body fat, as well as total and percent abdominal fat than EPA or control females (P< or =0.05). @entity4991 females also had approximately 40% more CT-determined non-visceral abdominal fat than EPA or control females (P< or =0.05). The volume of visceral fat was similar among the three groups. @entity8393 (R (2)=0.94, P< or =0.01) and @entity4991 (R (2)=0.53, P=0.16) females had a positive relationship between visceral fat and BMI, although not significant for @entity4991 females. Conversely, control females had a positive relationship between non-visceral fat and BMI (R (2)=0.98, P< or =0.001). There was a positive relationship between basal insulin and total body (R (2)=0.95, P< or =0.007), total abdominal (R (2)=0.81, P< or =0.04) and visceral (R (2)=0.82, P< or =0.03) fat quantities in EPA, but not control females. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal androgenization in female @entity2608 induces @entity1386 , and late gestation androgenization causes increased total body and non-visceral fat mass. Early gestation androgenization induces @entity734 . The relationship between the timing of prenatal @entity342 exposure and body composition phenotypes in this nonhuman primate model for @entity3610 may provide insight into the heterogeneity of @entity209 found in @entity3610 @entity1 .

title: Prenatal XXXX excess negatively impacts body fat distribution in a nonhuman primate model of @entity3610 .

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic defects', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity-dependent visceral fat accumulation']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['visceral fat-dependent hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Placement of external fixation frames is an expedient and minimally invasive method of achieving bone and joint stability in the setting of severe @entity130 . Although anatomic safe zones are established for placement of external fixation pins, @entity531 may be at risk in the setting of severe @entity130 . CASE REPORT: We present a case of a 21-year-old female involved in a high speed motorcycle accident who sustained a Type IIIB open segmental femur @entity174 with significant thigh @entity3145 . Damage control orthopedic principals were applied and a spanning external fixator placed for provisional femoral stabilization. Intraoperative vascular examination noted absent distal pulses, however an intraoperative angiogram showed arterial flow distal to the trifurcation. Immediately postoperatively the dorsalis pedis pulse was detected using Doppler ultrasound but was then non-detectable over the preceding 12-hours. Femoral artery CT angiogram revealed @entity432 due to kinking of the artery around an external fixator pin. Although the pin causing occlusion was placed under direct visualization, the degree of @entity3145 altered the appearance of the local anatomy. The pin was subsequently revised allowing the artery to travel in its anatomic position, restoring perfusion. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the dangers associated with damage control orthopedics, especially when severe @entity130 alters normal local anatomy. Careful assessment of external fixator pin placement is crucial to avoiding @entity130 . We recommend a thorough vascular examination pre-operatively and prior to leaving the operating room, which allows any abnormalities to be further evaluated while the @entity1 remains in a controlled environment. When an unrecognized @entity130 occurs, @entity86 allow early recognition and corrective actions.

title: The dangers of damage control orthopedics: a case report of vascular injury after femoral XXXX external fixation.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['soft tissue injury']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['serial postoperative neurovascular examinations']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic superficial femoral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: A prospective randomized controlled trial of endoscopic heater probe therapy in bleeding peptic @entity1066 was performed to determine whether probe therapy can reduce rebleeding rates. Of 630 @entity1 endoscoped for suspected @entity360 over a 16-month period, 166 (26 per cent) were found to have a peptic ulcer. Either minor or no stigmata of recent @entity548 were found in 115 @entity1 at the time of endoscopy. A single peptic ulcer with either active @entity548 or a visible vessel was found in 51 @entity1 , 43 of whom were entered into the trial. There were eight exclusions: four were inaccessible, one was a torrential @entity548 and three were excluded for non-technical reasons. @entity1 were randomized to receive either heater probe (n = 20) or sham (n = 23) therapy. In actively bleeding @entity1066 , immediate haemostasis was achieved following probe therapy in 14 of 18 @entity1 (78 per cent) compared with none of 21 having sham treatment (P less than 0.002). No rebleeding occurred in the probe therapy group (n = 20) compared with rebleeding in five of 23 sham treated @entity1 (P = 0.05). Urgent surgery for haemostasis was required in three of the five sham treated @entity1 who rebled. It is concluded that heater probe therapy may be effective in reducing rebleeding rates in peptic @entity1066 accessible to the endoscope.

title: Controlled trial of heater probe treatment in bleeding peptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Tongxinluo (TXL), a renowned traditional Chinese medicine, consists of several different kinds of ingredients and has been widely used to treat @entity583 and @entity385 . However, the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms are not fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY: We focus on the effect of TXL on blood-brain barrier (BBB) including @entity4 formation and tight junction (TJ) protein rearrangement, and inflammatory response after transient @entity2500 (tMCAO). We further explore the protective mechanism of @entity20756 on @entity63 -induced @entity75 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult @entity2659 male @entity19 (n=168) were randomly divided into TXL pre-treatment group, TXL pre-post treatment group, TXL post-treatment group, control group and sham group. @entity19 in TXL pre-treatment group were given TXL solution by 1g/kg/day orally for 7 days before tMCAO. @entity19 in pre-post treatment group were continuously given TXL 7 days before and 14 days after tMCAO. @entity19 in TXL post-treatment group were given TXL solution immediately after tMCAO. Rotarod test and neurological severity scores were evaluated at 1-14 days following tMCAO. Brains were harvested for examining @entity1188 volume, @entity4 formation, and immunofluorescent staining at 1 and 3 days after tMCAO. Cytokines @entity777 , @entity635 and @entity637 mRNA expression, and BBB permeability were further examined by RT-PCR and immunostaining. RESULTS: TXL pre-post treatment improved neurobehavioral outcomes and reduced @entity1188 volume compared to the control (p<0.05). Meanwhile, hemispheric swelling, Evans blue and IgG protein extravasation reduced, while TJ protein expression up-regulated in pre-post treatment group (p<0.05). Further study indicated that @entity1188 volume was smaller and @entity75 was less severe in TXL pre-post treatment group compared to TXL pre-treatment alone. It was noted that fewer @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ) positive cells and less cytokines @entity777 , @entity635 and @entity637 expression in pre-post treatment group compared to the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TXL pre-treatment and pre-post treatment effectively protected the brain from BBB disruption via alleviating inflammatory response. Moreover, pre-post treatment has better outcomes, suggesting that continuous administration of TXL before and throughout @entity63 period is necessary because of multiple functions of TXL.

title: The protective role of Tongxinluo on blood-brain barrier after XXXX -reperfusion brain injury.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['BBB damage']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that dual biochemical modulation of @entity1487 (FU) in combination with @entity1138 improves the survival of @entity1 with @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligibility included stage II or III unresectable @entity420 , performance status of 0 to 2, and adequate organ function. Treatment included FU 200 mg/m2/d via continuous intravenous infusion for 4 weeks followed by 1 week of rest; @entity4181 30 mg/m2 administered via intravenous bolus infusion on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, followed by 1 week rest; @entity1138 10 mg/m2 intravenous bolus infusion every 6 weeks for a total of four doses. @entity4341 75 mg was administered orally three times daily during the FU administration. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 (median age, 61 years; 23 males, 27 females) with localized unresectable @entity788 were eligible for this trial. Twenty-seven @entity1 survived past 1 year for a 1-year survival probability of 54% (95% CI, 40% to 68%). Overall, the objective response rate was 26% (confirmed and unconfirmed) in the 47 @entity1 with measurable disease, with two complete responders. Six of the responding @entity1 underwent curative successful resection of the @entity5 . The most common @entity137 to treatment was @entity3136 . Three @entity1 had reversible @entity1381 . Five @entity1 experienced grade 4 @entity137 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Potential improvement in survival and resectability of localized unresectable @entity788 may be attained without radiation. The strategy of dual biochemical modulation of FU warrants additional investigation in a randomized fashion.

title: Phase II trial of infusional @entity1487 , XXXX , @entity1138 , and @entity4341 in locally advanced unresectable @entity788 : SWOG S9700.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['Dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Increased adipose tissue secretion of adipokines and cytokines has been implicated in the chronic low-grade @entity32 state and @entity2690 resistance associated with @entity28 . We tested here whether the cardiovascular and metabolic hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was able to modulate adipose tissue secretion of several adipokines (derived from adipocytes) and cytokines (derived from adipose tissue macrophages). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We used protein array to measure the secretion of adipokines and cytokines after a 24-h culture of @entity1 subcutaneous adipose tissue pieces treated or not with a physiological concentration of ANP. The effect of ANP on protein secretion was also directly studied on isolated adipocytes and macrophages. Gene expression was measured by real-time RT-quantitative PCR. RESULTS: ANP decreased the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity650 and @entity310 , of several chemokines, and of the adipokines @entity1243 and @entity19845 ( @entity19845 ). The secretion of the anti-inflammatory molecules @entity688 and @entity1254 remained unaffected. The cytokines were mainly expressed in macrophages that expressed all components of the ANP-dependent signalling pathway. The adipokines, @entity1243 , @entity1254 and @entity19845 were specifically expressed in mature adipocytes. ANP directly inhibited the secretion of @entity650 and @entity2842 by macrophages. The inhibitory effects of ANP on @entity1243 and growth-related oncogene-alpha secretions were not seen under selective hormone-sensitive lipase inhibition. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We suggest that ANP, either by direct action on adipocytes and macrophages or through activation of adipocyte hormone-sensitive lipase, inhibits the secretion of factors involved in @entity32 and @entity2690 resistance.

title: Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits the production of adipokines and cytokines linked to XXXX and @entity2690 resistance in @entity1 subcutaneous adipose tissue.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity19845 :: ('5950', 'Gene') :: ['retinol-binding protein-4', 'RBP-4']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tumor cell migration and @entity3 share many similarities with leukocyte trafficking, which is critically regulated by chemokines and their receptors. @entity436 is the most widely expressed @entity436 in many different types of @entity5 and has been linked to @entity5 dissemination and poor prognosis. Several @entity436 antagonists have been synthesized. A totally novel approach to discover @entity436 antagonists is the use of bacteria. Bacteria produce @entity436 inhibitors to prevent neutrophil extravasation and migration toward the infection site to escape clearance by innate immune cells. The aim of the current study was to find and identify the mechanism of a bacterial protein that specifically targets @entity436 , a @entity436 shared by neutrophils and @entity5 cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Several staphylococcal proteins were screened for their capacity to prevent binding of a function-blocking antibody against @entity436 . RESULTS: Staphylococcal superantigen-like 10 was found to bind @entity436 expressed on @entity1 T @entity981 , @entity2622 cell lines. It potently inhibited @entity1570 -induced @entity460 mobilization and cell migration. CONCLUSIONS: Staphylococcal superantigen-like 10 is a potential lead in the development of new anticancer compounds preventing @entity3 by targeting @entity436 .

title: Staphylococcal superantigen-like 10 inhibits @entity1570 -induced @entity1 XXXX cell migration.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma, and cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity436 :: ('7852', 'Gene') :: ['CXCR4', 'chemokine receptor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']