abstract: CONTEXT: Most proficiency testing materials (PTM) contain an artificial matrix that may cause immunoassays to perform differently with this material than with clinical samples. We hypothesized that matrix effects would be reduced by using fresh frozen serum (FFS). OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of an FFS pool to standard PTM for measurement of @entity160 , carcinoembryonic antigen, @entity1 @entity1465 , and @entity1486 (PSA). DESIGN: One FFS specimen and 4 different admixtures of PTM were distributed in the 2003 College of American Pathologists K/KN-A (for @entity160 , carcinoembryonic antigen, @entity1465 , and total and free PSA) and C-C ( @entity1465 only) Surveys. @entity1 : The number of laboratories that participated in the surveys varied from a low of 288 (free PSA, K/KN-A Survey) to a high of 2659 ( @entity1465 , C-C Survey). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Method imprecision and method bias were compared between the FFS specimen and the standard PTM specimen with the closest value. Method imprecision was determined by calculating the coefficients of variation for each method and for all methods combined. Bias was defined as the proportional difference between peer-group mean and the median of all method means. RESULTS: The FFS specimen gave significantly higher imprecision than PTM for the analytes @entity160 , carcinoembryonic antigen, total PSA, and free PSA. For @entity1465 , no substantial imprecision differences were observed in both surveys. Bias was significantly greater for the @entity160 , carcinoembryonic antigen, and total PSA assays and significantly lower for the @entity1465 and free PSA assays when comparing the FFS with the PTM. CONCLUSIONS: Fresh frozen serum did not provide consistently lower imprecision or bias than standard PTM in a survey of commonly ordered @entity5 markers.

title: Comparison of fresh frozen serum to proficiency testing material in College of American Pathologists surveys: @entity160 , carcinoembryonic antigen, XXXX chorionic gonadotropin, and @entity1486 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['hCG', 'chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Smoking and @entity167 use often co-occur during adolescence, but little is known about the codevelopment of these substances. In the search for etiological factors that help to explain the development of adolescent substance use patterns, studies have revealed substantial heritability for both @entity167 use and smoking. In this regard, the   -opioid receptor gene ( @entity6253 , chromosome 6q24-q25) has been linked to both substances. This study examined the predictive relationships between initial level and growth of smoking and drinking in 311 early adolescents (13-15 years old) over a 4-year period. In addition, the effects of the @entity17014 polymorphism of the @entity6253 gene on the initial values and the development over time of @entity167 use and smoking were assessed. Finally, as prevalence and heritability estimates for both @entity167 - and smoking-related behaviors differ between males and females, @entity6253 by sex interactions were tested. We found that high initial levels of early adolescent @entity167 consumption were related to a stronger increase in smoking levels over time. In contrast, high initial levels of smoking were not related to growth of @entity167 use. No main @entity6253 effects were found, but sex-specificity of the gene was found for smoking development. Male A-allele carriers showed a faster development in smoking behavior, whereas in females, the G-allele led to a faster development in smoking. Thus, in addition to high levels of @entity167 as a risk factor for the development of smoking behavior, sex-specific effects exist for @entity6253 , which may additionally have consequences for the development of adolescent smoking.

title: Dual growth of adolescent smoking and drinking: evidence for an interaction between the mu-opioid receptor ( XXXX ) @entity17014 polymorphism and sex.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity6253 :: (4988,Gene) :: ['OPRM1']


abstract: Polysomnographic studies of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 with @entity1833 ( @entity1833 ) usually reveal short, fragmented rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, with lower sleep efficiency and reduced @entity11755 . @entity1089 has been demonstrated in open-label trials to be effective for the treatment of @entity22 and @entity1833 in @entity191 . To confirm @entity1089 's efficacy in improving @entity1833 , and to determine whether the mechanism was due to its effect on REM sleep architecture, we performed a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Sixteen @entity191 @entity1 experiencing @entity1833 were recruited. Eight @entity1 were randomized to @entity1089 and eight @entity1 to placebo. @entity1 underwent pre- and post-treatment polysomnography. The Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGIS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor subscale were obtained. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the treatment arms except that the placebo group had more sleep in stage REM (74.7 min vs. 40.1 min; p < .001). Data were imputed for all @entity1 who prematurely discontinued (four @entity1089 and one placebo) in an intention-to-treat analysis. The average @entity1089 dose was 58.3 mg/day. While there was no significant difference in the change in REM duration pre- vs. post-treatment in either arm, @entity1 randomized to @entity1089 improved on the CGIS (p = .03) and the hallucination item of the BPRS (p = .02). No difference was noted in the UPDRS motor scores. Despite the small sample, this is the first double-blind trial to show @entity1089 's efficacy over placebo in controlling @entity1833 in the @entity191 population. However, normalization of sleep architecture was not supported as the mechanism.

title: XXXX improves @entity1833 in @entity191 but not through normalization of sleep architecture: results from a double-blind clinical-polysomnography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD', 'Parkinson Disease']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucinations', 'VH']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['total REM sleep']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine', 'Quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1089 :: (MESH:C069541,Chemical) :: ['Quetiapine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity50 (FB) is a non-invasive @entity3217 that affects immunocompetent hosts, most frequently localized in the maxillary sinus. The current golden standard treatment is surgical removal. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of an endonasal endoscopically assisted approach to remove a maxillary FB combined or not with a transoral approach (sinusoscopy via @entity235 fossa). METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of paranasal FB treated by functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) + transoral approach, compared to those treated by a sole FESS procedure. RESULTS: In total, 65 out of 90 @entity1 presented with a maxillary localization and were treated by FESS. Thirthy-three @entity1 received a combined FESS + transoral approach and 32 received solely a FESS procedure. Antimycotic medical therapy was not used in any case. With a mean follow-up of 93 months, the treatment was successful in 62 @entity1 (95,4%) without significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the efficacy of FESS in the treatment of maxillary FB. A similarity in long-term results in both groups demonstrated that transoral sinusoscopy can be avoided. With the assistance of lateral-view and flexible endoscopes, angled surgical equipment and maxillary saline solution irrigations, complete removal of the diseased material and sinus clearance can be achieved by a sole middle meatotomy, reducing both morbidity and operating time.

title: Is XXXX fossa access necessary for successful maxillary fungus ball treatment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Sinus fungus ball']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The non-ergot @entity935 agonist @entity26742 has been formulated in a once-daily transdermal patch for 24-h application which ensures continuous @entity26742 release over 24 h. This open, prospective, non-interventional study investigated compliance with the patch under clinical practice conditions. METHODS: Data were collected by German practice-based neurologists, prescribing @entity26742 to @entity1 with @entity191 ; the observation period was 4 months. Following titration, 943 @entity1 (mean age 67.6 +/- 9.3 years; 59% male) were maintained on @entity26742 for at least 4 weeks (per-protocol population). At the end of the observation period, this @entity1 population was assessed for various aspects of compliance using a 4-item Morisky scale ranging from 1 = least compliance to 4 = maximal compliance. Safety was evaluated in all 1099 @entity1 receiving @entity26742 treatment. RESULTS: The mean satisfactory @entity26742 dose of 5.4 +/- 1.6 mg/24 h was reached after 27 +/- 17 days; 84% of the @entity1 did not require dose adjustments during maintenance. Complete compliance questionnaires were available for 863 @entity1 (92%) who achieved a mean compliance sum score of 15.1 +/- 1.6 points out of the maximum 16 points. Mean scores of 3.6-3.9 points for the four scale items indicate that the patch was applied once-daily and at the appropriate time by the majority of the @entity1 , independent of their clinical status. Skin reactions (3.7%) and known dopaminergic side-effects such as @entity390 (3.5%) were mostly mild or moderate in intensity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity26742 transdermal patch was associated with high compliance in @entity1 with @entity191 under clinical practice conditions.

title: High compliance with XXXX transdermal patch in the treatment of @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26742 :: ('MESH:C047508', 'Chemical') :: ['rotigotine', 'Rotigotine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity26742 :: (MESH:C047508,Chemical) :: ['rotigotine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Nodal @entity3 from @entity957 follows a predictable pattern. Isolated level IV involvement, termed @entity13425 metastases, is described. This study attempts to identify the incidence of @entity13425 @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary academic hospital. SUBJECTS: Fifty-two consecutive @entity1 with T1 to T4 N0 stage who underwent excision of the @entity5 with neck dissection (levels I-IV). METHODS: Retrospective study. The incidence of isolated level III or IV involvement pathologically and isolated nodal recurrence in levels III and IV was analyzed. RESULTS: Pathologically, isolated level III involvement occurred in 2 (3.8%) @entity1 . Isolated level IV occurred in 1 (1.9%) @entity1 . Mean follow-up was 24 months. Two @entity1 had recurrence in the primary site; 1 had recurrence in neck level II. None had recurrence in level III or IV. CONCLUSION: @entity13425 @entity3 is rare in T1 and T2 @entity957 . Inclusion of level IV is not mandatory in selective neck dissection for clinically and radiologically negative @entity135 in @entity5 (T1 and T2).

title: Isolated XXXX nodal @entity3 is rare in T1 and T2 @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity13425 :: (22938,Gene) :: ['skip']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of @entity26602 vaginal gel and intramuscular @entity1420 ( @entity15129 ) for luteal phase support in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) with respect to pregnancy rates and outcomes, and to assess @entity1 satisfaction with both products. DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. SETTING: University-affiliated IVF unit. @entity1 (S): @entity1 under age 40 years with day-3 follicle-stimulating hormone levels <15 mIU/mL undergoing their first, second, or third IVF cycles on @entity4396 (GnRH) down-regulation protocols. INTERVENTION(S): Luteal phase supplementation with either @entity26602 vaginal gel or @entity15129 ; phone survey regarding @entity1 satisfaction with @entity26602 vaginal gel and @entity15129 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy rates, ongoing/delivered, failed pregnancy rates, and product satisfaction scores for @entity1 supplemented with @entity26602 vaginal gel and with @entity15129 . RESULT(S): Four hundred sixty-eight @entity1 were randomized, and 407 completed the study. The @entity1 were randomized on the day of oocyte retrieval to receive either @entity26602 vaginal gel or @entity15129 for luteal phase support. Pregnancy, ongoing/delivered, and failed pregnancy rates were similar between the @entity26602 and @entity15129 treatment arms (OR [95% CI]: 1.2 [0.8, 1.8], 1.1 [0.8, 1.7], 1.0 [0.6, 1.7], respectively). On a scale of 1 to 5, @entity1 satisfaction scores were statistically significantly higher with @entity26602 vaginal gel than with @entity15129 (4.4    0.9 vs. 2.8    1.2). CONCLUSION(S): @entity26602 vaginal gel and @entity15129 are equally effective for luteal phase support in IVF, but @entity26602 is better tolerated by @entity1 .

title: @entity26602 vaginal gel is equally effective and better tolerated than intramuscular XXXX for luteal phase support in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles: a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin releasing-hormone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity154 of the atrioventricular canal underwent operation and all survivors were followed up. In 42 @entity1 with partial @entity473 , ten had preoperative @entity712 . Three, or 7.1%, died of endomyocardial @entity11459 , high pulmonary vascular resistance, and severe @entity339 . A fourth @entity1 later died of @entity3153 and fibrilation. Reoperations in five @entity1 were all successful. No @entity1 had persistent @entity713 , and all @entity1 are asymptomatic. Two of these subjects continue to receive digoxin therapy, and one of them is believed to have substantial @entity339 . Of the 17 @entity1 who had complete @entity473 , 13 had a divided common anterior leaflet attached to the septum by chordae tendineae, and four had undivided and unattached anterior leaflets. Two had previously undergone pulmonary banding, and nine were treated for @entity712 . Six died after operation. There were no reoperations. No @entity1 presently has required a pacemaker. Two subjects have persistent @entity1283 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular canal defects']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation', 'mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity11459 :: ('MESH:D004695', 'Disease') :: ['fibroelastosis']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular blocks']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

answer: @entity473 :: (MESH:C563240,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular canal defect']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2294 ( @entity2294 ) is a serious complication of several @entity5 . The most commonly involved solid @entity5 are lung and @entity0 . @entity2294 can give rise to the clinical picture of @entity2293 , a life threatening condition that needs immediate drainage. While simple pericardiocentesis allows resolution of the symptoms, @entity2294 frequently relapses unless further procedures are performed. Prolonged drainage, talcage with antineoplastic agents, or surgical creation of a pleuro-pericardial window are the most commonly suggested ones. They all result in @entity2294 resolution and high rates of long-term control. @entity1 suitable for further systemic treatments can have a good prognosis irrespective of the pericardial site of disease. We prospectively enrolled @entity1 with @entity2293 treated with prolonged drainage associated with @entity1732 administration.Twenty-two consecutive @entity1 with @entity2294 and associated signs of hemodynamical compromise underwent prolonged drainage and subsequent @entity1732 administration. After injection of 100mg @entity3303 , 10mg @entity1732 was injected into the pericardial space. The catheter was clumped for 48h and then reopened. Removal was performed when the drainage volume was <25 mL daily.Twelve @entity1 (54%) achieved complete response and 9 (41%) a partial response. Only 1 (5%) had a treatment failure and underwent a successful surgical procedure. Acute @entity137 was of a low degree and occurred in 7 @entity1 (32%). It consisted mainly in @entity158 and @entity943 . The 1-year pericardial effusion progression-free survival rate was 74.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.0-97.3). At a median follow-up of 75 months, a pericardial progression was detected in 4 @entity1 (18%). One- and two-year overall survival rates were 33.9% (95% CI: 13.6-54.2) and 14.5% (95% CI: 0.0-29.5), respectively, with @entity2 @entity1 having a shorter survival than @entity0 @entity1 . The worst prognosis, however, was shown in @entity1 not suitable for systemic treatments, irrespective of the site of the @entity5 .Prolonged drainage and intrapericardial @entity1732 is a safe and effective treatment, which should be considered as first choice at least in @entity1 suitable for active systemic treatment.

title: Prolonged Drainage and Intrapericardial @entity1732 Administration for Cardiac Tamponade Secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['MPE', 'Malignant pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic pain']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer-Related Pericardial Effusion']


abstract: @entity14147 has gained little attention from surgeons in comparison with other types of @entity4036 (inguinal, postoperative); however, the primary suture for @entity14147 is associated with a recurrence rate of 19-54%. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of the @entity14147 and to assess the independent risk factors influencing @entity14147 recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity14147 in the Hospital of Kaunas University of Medicine in 2001-2006 was performed. Age, sex, hospital stay, @entity547 size, @entity1 's body mass index, and @entity260 were analyzed. Postoperative evaluation included @entity158 and discomfort in the abdomen and @entity547 recurrence rate. The questionnaire, which involved all these previously mentioned topics, was sent to all @entity1 by mail. @entity547 recurrence was diagnosed during the @entity1 ' visit to a surgeon. Two surgical methods were used to repair @entity14147 : open suture repair technique (keel technique) and open mesh repair technique (onlay technique). Every operation was chosen individually by a surgeon. RESULTS: Ninety-seven @entity1 (31 males and 66 females) with @entity14147 were examined. The mean age of the @entity1 was 57.1+/-15.4 years, @entity547 anamnesis - 7.6+/-8.6 years, hospital stay - 5.38+/-3.8 days. Ninety-two @entity1 (94.8%) were operated on using open suture repair technique and 5 (5.2%) @entity1 - open mesh repair technique. Only 7% of @entity1 whose BMI was >30 kg/m(2) and @entity547 size >2 cm and 4.3% of @entity1 whose BMI was < 30 kg/m(2) and @entity547 size < 2 cm were operated on using onlay technique (P>0.05). The rate of @entity260 was 5.2%. Sixty-seven @entity1 (69%) answered the questionnaire. The complete @entity1 's recovery time after surgery was 2.4+/-3.4 months. Fourteen @entity1 (20.9%) complained of @entity158 or discomfort in the abdomen, and 7 @entity1 (10.4%) had ligature fistula after the surgery. Forty-five @entity1 (67.2%) did not have any complaints after surgery. The recurrence rate after @entity14147 was 8.9%. The recurrence rate was higher when @entity547 size was >2 cm (9% for <2 cm vs 10.5% for >2 cm) and @entity1 's BMI was >30 kg/m(2) (8.6% for < 30 vs 10.7% for >30). There were 5 recurrence cases after open suture repair and one case after onlay technique. Fifty-six @entity1 (83.6%) assessed their general condition after surgery as good, 9 @entity1 (13.4%) as satisfactory, and only 2 @entity1 (3%) as poor. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find any significant independent risk factors for @entity14147 recurrence. However, based on reviewed literature, higher @entity1 's body mass index and @entity547 size of >2 cm could be the risk factors for @entity14147 recurrence.

title: XXXX : factors indicative of recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall hernias']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'Hernia']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['Umbilical hernia', 'umbilical hernia repair', 'umbilical hernia']

answer: @entity14147 :: (MESH:D006554,Disease) :: ['Umbilical hernia']


abstract: Endoscopic forceps biopsy is essential before planning an endoscopic resection of upper @entity1820 . However, forceps biopsy is limited by its superficiality and frequency of sampling errors. Histologic discrepancies between endoscopic forceps biopsies and resected specimens are frequent. Factors associated with such histologic discrepancies are @entity5 size, macroscopic type, surface color, and the type of medical facility. Precise targeting of biopsies is recommended to achieve an accurate diagnosis, curative endoscopic resection, and a satisfactory oncologic outcome. Multiple deep forceps biopsies can induce @entity9645 in early @entity356 . Endoscopic resection for early @entity356 with @entity1066 findings is associated with piecemeal resection, incomplete resection, and a risk for procedure-related complications such as @entity548 and perforation. Such active @entity1066 caused by forceps biopsy and following submucosal @entity82 might also be mistaken as an indication for more @entity146 procedures, such as gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. Proton pump inhibitors might be prescribed to facilitate the healing of biopsy-induced @entity1066 if an active @entity1066 is predicted after deep biopsy. It is unknown which time interval from biopsy to endoscopic resection is appropriate for a safe procedure and a good oncologic outcome. Further investigations are needed to conclude the appropriate time interval.

title: Tissue acquisition in XXXX prior to endoscopic resection.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal ulceration']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcerative', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric epithelial tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7893 is common in Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 . The etiology of this finding remains unclear, but it has been speculated to be based on @entity5 -induced suppression of the 'uninvolved' immunoglobulin production DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated the incidence of IgA and @entity12587 in 207 untreated @entity1 with Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 and investigated the associated clinicopathological findings and impact of therapy. We also sequenced eight genes ( @entity3224 , @entity13852 , @entity2936 , @entity11603 , @entity10190 , @entity24603 , @entity28577 , @entity28578 ) implicated in immunoglobulin deficiency in 19 Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 @entity1 with IgA and/or @entity12587 . RESULTS: At baseline 63.3%, 58.0% and 49.3% of the 207 @entity1 had abnormally low serum levels of IgA, IgG, or both. No association between IgA and @entity12587 and disease burden, serum IgM levels, @entity2262 , International Prognostic Scoring System score, or incidence of recurrent infections was observed, although the presence of @entity3018 and/or @entity381 was associated with a lower incidence of @entity7893 . Lower IgA and IgG levels were associated with disease progression in @entity1 managed with a 'watch and wait' strategy. IgA and/or IgG levels remained abnormally low despite response to treatment, including complete remissions. A missense mutation in the highly conserved catalytic site of @entity28578 was observed in a @entity1 with @entity7893 , warranting further study of this pathway in Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 . CONCLUSIONS: IgA and @entity12587 is common in Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 and persists despite therapeutic intervention and response. IgA and @entity12587 does not predict the risk of recurrent infections in @entity1 with Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 , although lower levels of serum IgA and IgG are associated with disease progression in Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 @entity1 being managed with a 'watch and wait' strategy.

title: IgA and XXXX in Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 .

entities_list: @entity12587 :: ('MESH:D017099', 'Disease') :: ['IgG hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta(2)-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['Hypogammaglobulinemia', 'hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

answer: @entity12587 :: (MESH:D017099,Disease) :: ['IgG hypogammaglobulinemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Cytokine @entity8410 is a potent molecule for the activation and survival of B cells, and it also plays an important role in T-cell function. Genetic polymorphism ( @entity28265 @entity6344 ) in @entity8410 has been associated with elevated @entity8410 transcription. We sought to determine whether @entity28265 is associated with @entity784 ( @entity784 ) survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity8410 @entity28265 genotypes and survival of @entity784 were analyzed in the discovery group including 150 @entity1 , and the results were replicated in an independent validation group of 120 @entity1 . Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to compare survival among different genotypes. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify independent significant variables. Luciferase reporter gene assays were conducted to examine the function of @entity28265 variant. RESULTS: We found that @entity8410 @entity28265 polymorphism was significantly associated with @entity784 survival. In pooled analysis of two independent groups, the favorable @entity28265 TC and TT genotypes had significantly better five-year survival rates compared with the CC genotype (47% and 53% vs. 22%, P = 2.27   10(-5) for log-rank test). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that @entity28265 was an independent prognostic factor, with HRs for @entity1 death being 0.48 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.32-0.71] for the CT and 0.47 (95% CI, 0.23-0.93) for the TT genotypes. Reporter gene assays indicated that the @entity28265 T allele had significantly higher promoter activity than the @entity28265 C counterpart. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that functional polymorphism in @entity8410 might be a genetic determinant for the survival of @entity1 with @entity784 .

title: Cytokine XXXX gene variation is associated with survival of @entity1 with @entity784 .

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C>T']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['TCL', 'T-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity8410 :: (10673,Gene) :: ['BAFF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Decompressive hemicraniectomy reduces mortality after space-occupying @entity2500 . Data on the general public's opinion toward interventions that can save lives but leave the survivors impaired are lacking. METHODS: In this population-based epidemiological study in a German city, we surveyed 312 adults in a telephone interview. Here, we presented a scenario of a space-occupying MCA @entity1188 . We evaluated probands' attitude toward decompressive surgery in general, and toward outcome scenarios according to @entity2653 . RESULTS: 312 @entity1 (157 @entity1 , 52    20 years) were interviewed. 58 @entity1 had difficulty comprehending the proposed scenario, most of them being of advanced age (79    5 years). From the remaining 254 responders 5 (2%) @entity1 favoured surgical intervention, 149 (58%) were undecided, and 100 (39%) were opposed to surgery. The number of individuals opting for surgery rose in scenarios with a better outcome: If very severe impairment was anticipated (RS 5), only 3 (1%) @entity1 favored surgery. With severe (RS 4), moderate (RS3), and slight impairment (RS2) the numbers were at 16 (6%), 60 (24%), and 161 (63%), respectively. We found no association with age, sex, religion, education, self-estimated health status, or marital status. CONCLUSIONS: Explaining complex medical situations to laypersons poses a major problem, particularly to those of old age. Only a minority favors life-saving medical interventions if survival is associated with deficits of unpredictable degree. The majority of @entity1 does not favor intervention even if only moderate impairment is anticipated. Decompressive surgery may in fact be against the values of many individuals.

title: Attitudes in the general population towards hemi-craniectomy for XXXX . A population-based survey.

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA infarction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Rankin scale (RS) definitions']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of salvage neck dissection for isolated regional recurrences after definitive radiotherapy (RT) is ill-defined. METHODS: Five-hundred fifty @entity1 were treated with RT for lymph node-positive @entity135 . RT consisted of a median dose of 74.4 Gy. Chemotherapy was administered in 133 @entity1 (24%). @entity1 were followed for @entity177 after planned neck dissection (n = 341) or observation (n = 209). Salvage therapy was offered to those with isolated neck recurrences. RESULTS: There were 54 (10%) failures in the neck at a median 3.7 months after RT (range, 0 to 17 months). Thirteen @entity1 had @entity4557 after receiving definitive RT with (n = 11) or without (n = 2) neck dissection. Nine @entity1 underwent attempted surgical salvage with or without re-irradiation and 4 were successfully salvaged without major complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity177 after definitive therapy usually have poor outcomes, but salvage attempts may be successful in selected @entity1 with an isolated neck recurrence.

title: Isolated neck recurrence after definitive radiotherapy for node-positive XXXX : salvage in the dissected or undissected neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['neck failure']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['isolated recurrences']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Localized Gurken ( @entity28804 ) translation specifies the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes of the developing @entity238 oocyte; spindle-class females lay ventralized eggs resulting from inefficient @entity28804 translation. This phenotype is thought to result from inhibition of the @entity29307 RNA helicase. In a screen for modifiers of the eggshell phenotype in @entity29308 flies, we identified a mutation in the @entity29309 gene. We show that @entity29309 mutations restore @entity28804 expression but do not suppress the persistence of double-strand breaks nor other @entity29308 phenotypes. This suppression does not affect Egfr directly, but rather overcomes the translational block of @entity28804 messages seen in spindle mutants. @entity29309 was recently identified as a component of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) and @entity6549 pathway. Interestingly, direct inhibition of @entity6549 with @entity3446 in @entity29308 or vas mutant mothers can also suppress the ventralized eggshell phenotype. When dietary protein is inadequate, reduced IIS- @entity6549 activity inhibits cap-dependent translation by promoting the activity of the translation inhibitor @entity29310 ). We hypothesize that reduced @entity6549 activity promotes @entity28804 translation independent of the canonical @entity29307 - and cap-dependent mechanism. This model might explain how flies can maintain the translation of developmentally important transcripts during periods of nutrient limitation when bulk cap-dependent translation is repressed.

title: Modulation of gurken translation by insulin and XXXX signaling in @entity238 .

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity6549 :: (47396(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['TOR']


abstract: The blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists in salt-sensitive @entity35 models of @entity101 are well understood. However, studies in salt-independent models have yielded mixed results, and therefore, we measured the hemodynamic effects of MR blockade in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . We treated spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 for 8 weeks with 30-300 mg.kg.d @entity14292 or 20 mg.kg.d @entity9886 and monitored BP using radiotelemetry and performed histopathological analyses of the hearts. @entity14292 , in contrast to @entity9886 , caused only a small reduction in systolic BP at the highest dose tested. Both reduced left ventricular wall thickness, although @entity14292 was less effective than @entity9886 . Only @entity9886 decreased heart weight. We observed foci of @entity296 characterized by combinations of infiltrating monocytes, @entity39 myocytes, and @entity82 in hearts of control animals. The number of foci seemed to be decreased in hearts of @entity9886 - and @entity14292 -treated animals. In a second study, using quantitative histomorphometry, the number of foci was significantly reduced by 20 mg.kg.d @entity9886 (by 68%) or by 300 mg.kg.d @entity14292 (by 50%). Our data support the hypothesis that a direct BP-independent effect on the progression of @entity296 in the heart may be one basis for the cardiac protection afforded by MR antagonism.

title: @entity14292 decreases inflammatory foci in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX hearts with minimal effects on blood pressure.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity14292 :: ('MESH:C414690', 'Chemical') :: ['eplerenone', 'Eplerenone']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The vaginal microflora is important for maintaining vaginal health and preventing @entity281 of the reproductive tract. The rectum has been suggested as the major source for the colonisation of the vaginal econiche. METHODS: To establish whether the rectum can serve as a possible bacterial reservoir for colonisation of the vaginal econiche, we cultured vaginal and rectal specimens from pregnant @entity1 at 35-37 weeks of gestation, identified the isolates to the species level with tRNA intergenic length polymorphism analysis (tDNA-PCR) and genotyped the isolates for those subjects from which the same species was isolated simultaneously vaginally and rectally, by RAPD-analysis.One vaginal and one rectal swab were collected from a total of each of 132 pregnant @entity1 at 35-37 weeks of gestation. Swabs were cultured on Columbia CNA agar and @entity7748 agar. For each subject 4 colonies were selected for each of both sites, i.e. 8 colonies in total. RESULTS: Among the 844 isolates that could be identified by tDNA-PCR, a total of 63 bacterial species were present, 9 (14%) only vaginally, 26 (41%) only rectally, and 28 (44%) in both vagina and rectum. A total of 121 (91.6%) of 132 vaginal samples and 51 (38.6%) of 132 rectal samples were positive for lactobacilli. @entity10265 was the most frequently isolated @entity10265 species from the vagina (40% of the subjects were positive), followed by L. jensenii (32%), @entity24046 (30%) and L. iners (11%). @entity24046 was the most frequently isolated @entity10265 species from the rectum (15%), followed by L. jensenii (12%), @entity10265 (11%) and L. iners (2%).A total of 47 pregnant @entity1 carried the same species vaginally and rectally. This resulted in 50 vaginal/rectal pairs of the same species, for a total of eight different species. For 34 of the 50 species pairs (68%), isolates with the same genotype were present vaginally and rectally and a high level of genotypic diversity within species per subject was also established. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that there is a certain degree of correspondence between the vaginal and rectal microflora, not only with regard to species composition but also with regard to strain identity between vaginal and rectal isolates.These results support the hypothesis that the rectal microflora serves as a reservoir for colonisation of the vaginal econiche.

title: Identification and genotyping of bacteria from paired vaginal and rectal samples from pregnant XXXX indicates similarity between vaginal and rectal microflora.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity10265 :: ('47770', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'L. crispatus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deployment of highly effective @entity507 -based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated @entity311 calls for better targeting of @entity311 treatment to improve case management and minimize drug pressure for selecting resistant parasites. The Integrated Management of Malaria curriculum was developed to train multi-disciplinary teams of clinical, laboratory and health information assistants. METHODS: Evaluation of training was conducted in nine health facilities that were Uganda Malaria Surveillance Programme (UMSP) sites. From December 2006 to June 2007, 194 health professionals attended a six-day course. One-hundred and one of 118 (86%) clinicians were observed during @entity1 encounters by expert clinicians at baseline and during three follow-up visits approximately six weeks, 12 weeks and one year after the course. Experts used a standardized tool for @entity1 less than five years of age and similar tool for @entity1 five or more years of age. Seventeen of 30 laboratory professionals (57%) were assessed for preparation of @entity311 blood smears and ability to interpret smear results of 30 quality control slides. RESULTS: Percentage of @entity1 at baseline and first follow-up, respectively, with proper history-taking was 21% and 43%, thorough physical examination 18% and 56%, correct diagnosis 51% and 98%, treatment in compliance with national policy 42% and 86%, and appropriate @entity1 education 17% and 83%. In estimates that adjusted for individual effects and a matched sample, relative risks were 1.86 (95% CI: 1.20,2.88) for history-taking, 2.66 (95%CI: 1.60,4.41) for physical examination, 1.77 (95%CI: 1.41,2.23) for diagnosis, 1.96 (95%CI: 1.46,2.63) for treatment, and 4.47 (95%CI: 2.68,7.46) for @entity1 education. Results were similar for subsequent follow-up and in sub-samples stratified by @entity1 age. Quality of @entity311 blood smear preparation improved from 21.6% at baseline to 67.3% at first follow-up (p < 0.008); sensitivity of interpretation of quality control slides increased from 48.6% to 70.6% (p < 0.199) and specificity increased from 72.1% to 77.2% (p < 0.736). Results were similar for subsequent follow-up, with the exception of a significant increase in specificity (94.2%, p < 0.036) at one year. CONCLUSION: A multi-disciplinary team training resulted in statistically significant improvements in clinical and laboratory skills. As a joint programme, the effects cannot be distinguished from UMSP activities, but lend support to long-term, on-going capacity-building and surveillance interventions.

title: Improved clinical and laboratory skills after team-based, XXXX case management training of health care professionals in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to secondhand smoke during adulthood has detrimental health effects, including @entity2 risk. Compared with adults, @entity1 may be more susceptible to secondhand smoke. This susceptibility may be exacerbated by alterations in inherited genetic variants of innate immunity genes. We hypothesized a positive association between childhood secondhand smoke exposure and @entity2 risk that would be modified by genetic polymorphisms in the @entity8166 ( @entity8166 ) gene resulting in well-known functional changes in innate immunity. METHODS: Childhood secondhand smoke exposure and @entity2 risk was assessed among @entity1 and @entity1 in the ongoing National @entity5 (NCI- @entity601 ) study, which included 624 cases and 348 controls. Secondhand smoke history was collected via in- @entity1 interviews. DNA was used for genotyping the @entity8166 gene. To replicate, we used an independent case-control study from Mayo Clinic consisting of 461 never smokers, made up of 172 cases and 289 controls. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: In the NCI- @entity601 study, secondhand smoke exposure during childhood was associated with @entity2 risk among never smokers [odds ratio (OR), 2.25; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.04-4.90]. This was confirmed in the Mayo study (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.00-2.15). A functional @entity8166 haplotype associated with high circulating levels of @entity8166 and increased @entity8166 activity was associated with @entity2 risk among those exposed to childhood secondhand smoke in both the NCI- @entity601 and Mayo studies (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.13-5.60, and OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.18-3.85, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Secondhand smoke exposure during childhood is associated with @entity2 risk among never smokers, particularly among those possessing a haplotype corresponding to a known overactive complement pathway of the innate immune system.

title: Childhood exposure to secondhand smoke and functional mannose binding lectin polymorphisms are associated with XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Institute-Maryland Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['increased lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity8166 :: ('4153', 'Gene') :: ['MBL', 'mannose binding lectin-2', 'MBL2']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['increased lung cancer']


abstract: Cerebral blood flow was assessed as initial slope index by 133-Xenon inhalation in 36 @entity1 with @entity1313 subjected to osmotic dehydration. The following solutions were employed: I. 20% @entity2656 , II. 40% @entity5121 , III. 10% @entity653 . Parameters affecting blood rheologic properties as Hct, plasma viscosity, red blood cell aggregation and fluidity were simultaneously studied. CBF which was reduced in the oedematous hemisphere with @entity1313 increased during infusion and thereafter by @entity2656 or @entity5121 , respectively. The blood flow response to @entity653 was more delayed, less intense, but maintained longer. Hct and plasma viscosity were significantly reduced by all osmotic agents, while red blood cell fluidity fell and aggregation rose under @entity2656 . It is concluded that @entity5121 (40%) is superior for emergency treatment with high ICP, whereas @entity653 seems to be preferable to improve cerebral blood flow in oedematous brain.

title: Cerebral blood flow and rheologic alterations by hyperosmolar therapy in XXXX with brain oedema.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Voltage- and @entity460 -activated @entity972 channels (BK) are important regulators of neuronal excitability. BK channels seem to be crucial for frequency tuning in nonmammalian vestibular and auditory hair cells. However, there are a paucity of data concerning BK expression in @entity1 vestibular hair cells. We therefore investigated the localization of BK channels in @entity1 vestibular hair cells, specifically in @entity35 vestibular neuroepithelia. We find that only a subset of hair cells in the utricle and the crista ampullaris express BK channels. BK-positive hair cells are located mainly in the medial striolar region of the utricle, where they constitute at most 12% of hair cells, and in the central zone of the horizontal crista. A majority of BK-positive hair cells are encapsulated by a calretinin-positive calyx defining them as type I cells. The remainder are either type I cells encapsulated by a calretinin-negative calyx or type II hair cells. Surprisingly, the number of BK-positive hair cells in the utricle peaks in juvenile @entity35 and declines in early adulthood. BK channels were not found in vestibular afferent @entity2343 . Our data indicate that BK channel expression in the @entity1 vestibular system differs from the expression pattern in the @entity1 auditory and the nonmammalian vestibular system. The molecular diversity of vestibular hair cells indicates a functional diversity that has not yet been fully characterized. The predominance of BK-positive hair cells within the medial striola of juvenile animals suggests that they contribute to a scheme of highly lateralized coding of linear head movements during late development.

title: Distribution of high-conductance @entity460 -activated XXXX channels in @entity35 vestibular epithelia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendrites or somata']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: Impaired apoptosis is mediated by members of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) family such as survivin. Survivin was described in number of different @entity5 and found to correlate with poor prognosis in a variety of @entity5 including @entity1583 . The aim of this study was to determine survivin in pediatric @entity981 and compare it with clinical and hematological findings, response to therapy and outcome. Flowcytometry was used for detection of intracellular survivin and determine its mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in bone marrow mononuclear cells. @entity1 were followed up for 28  months after induction therapy. Survivin was detected in 63.3% of the @entity1 BM. In spite of no association of survivin levels with established risk factors (P  >  0.05) except with high WBC, there was significant higher level of survivin expression in high risk group @entity1 when @entity1 were stratified into high and standard risk groups. According to response to induction therapy, there was no significant difference, in survivin level between @entity1 who achieved CR, RD and @entity2613 . However, @entity1 suffering relapse of the disease, had a significant higher basal level of survivin than @entity1 still in remission. Over expression of survivin is a candidate parameter to determine poor prognosis in @entity981 @entity1 and it may serve to refine treatment stratification with intensification of therapy in those @entity1 prone to relapse.

title: Prognostic significance of survivin in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: We studied the impact of different prognostic factors on the clinical outcome for the @entity1 with pathologic Stage IIA @entity1204 who had surgical staging (SS) and received adjuvant high-dose-rate intravaginal brachytherapy (IVB) alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Sixty-one @entity1 with Stage IIA @entity1204 were retrospectively studied. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to study prognostic factors. RESULTS: All the @entity1 underwent SS between July 1994 and December 2005. The median age was 64 years (range, 46-71 years). The median number of lymph nodes sampled was 8 (range, 7-12). All the @entity1 received adjuvant IVB to doses of 35-36Gy in four to five fractions prescribed to the surface. The @entity3 was <50% in 33 @entity1 and > or =50% for 28 @entity1 . The lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and the lower uterine segment involvement were identified in 18% and 61%, respectively. At a median followup of 64 months (range, 8-153 months), there were 7 @entity1 who developed recurrences. On univariate analysis, the only factor significantly predictive for locoregional recurrence was LVI (p=0.01). In regard to @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), factors that were significantly predictive on univariate analysis were LVI (p=0.03), @entity5 grade (p=0.04), and depth of @entity3 (p=0.04). The 5-year rates of vaginal and pelvic recurrences were 1.7% and 8.2%, respectively. The 5-year local control and @entity1349 rates were both 87%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest excellent local control with adjuvant IVB alone for selected @entity1 with Stage IIA @entity1204 . The @entity1 with positive LVI and deep @entity3 have a worse locoregional control and @entity1349 despite SS and adjuvant IVB.

title: Clinical outcome of pathologic Stage IIA XXXX after intravaginal brachytherapy alone.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from @entity7178 can be isolated from cell extracts after removal of an excess of nucleic acids by fractionation with @entity1329 , followed by two consecutive gel filtrations through agarose and chromatography on cellulose phospate. Either homogeneous holoenzyme or a mixture of core and holoenzyme is obtained in this way, as is indicated by electrophoresis in @entity2975 gels in the absence of detergent, where core enzyme migrates ahead of holoenzyme. Homogeneous core enzyme can be isolated from holoenzyme by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Core enzyme contains the subunits alpha, beta and beta' previously described [U.I. Lill et al., (1975) Eur. J. Biochem. 52, 411-420] in a molar ratio of 2:1:1. Holoenzyme contains an additional subunit sigma of 80 000 molecular weight (molar subunit composition alpha2 betabeta' sigma) and two relatively small polypeptides (molecular weight 14 000 and 25 000, respectively). Subunit sigma may be isolated from holoenzyme by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose at pH 6.9 in the presence of low concentrations of @entity653 . The behaviour of holoenzyme during sedimentation in a @entity653 gradient at low ionic strength indicates its occurrence as a dimer of the alpha2betabeta'sigma-protomer, whereas the monomeric form is preferred by core enzyme. Holoenzyme is much more active than core enzyme in RNA synthesis on @entity1519 DNA as template. The activity of the latter is stimulated by isolated sigma. @entity7178 sigma as well as holoenzyme enhances also the activity of core enzyme fro- @entity526 . The formation of a hybrid between micrococcal sigma and @entity526 core polymerase is also suggested by the influence of sigma on the oligomerisation of the enzyme from @entity526 .

title: Purification and characterization of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and its subunit sigma from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity1519 :: ('10665', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage T4']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Species') :: ['Micrococcus luteus', 'M. luteus']

answer: @entity7178 :: (1270,Species) :: ['Micrococcus luteus']


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity1 complained of a painless mass in the left upper eyelid. At age 51 years, the @entity1 complained of dull @entity3856 and @entity892 . His left intraocular pressure had increased to 33 mm Hg. No proptosis was noted. The nontender mass in the eyelid was palpable. Computed tomography showed a mass anterior to the orbital rim compressing the globe. The lesion was removed en bloc by a transconjunctival approach. Histopathologic examination of the excised mass showed @entity19021 and highly cellular epithelial areas. Postoperatively, the left intraocular pressure normalized. To our knowledge, benign @entity5123 arising from the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland associated with @entity2790 , as demonstrated in our @entity1 , may be rare.

title: Benign @entity5123 arising from the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19021 :: ('MESH:C537478', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous stroma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the left eye']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenomas']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']


abstract: A drug of high potency and reduced immunogenicity is needed to develop a targeted biological drug that when injected systemically can penetrate to malignant B cells. Therefore, a novel deimmunized bispecific ligand-directed toxin targeted by dual high-affinity single-chain Fvs ( @entity10390 ) spliced to PE38 with a KDEL @entity1473 -terminus was genetically engineered. The aims were to reduce toxin immunogenicity using mutagenesis, measure the ability of mutated drug to elicit antitoxin antibody responses, and show that mutated drug was effective against @entity1892 in vivo. Both human anti- @entity10317 @entity10390 and anti- @entity1075 @entity10390 were cloned onto the same single-chain molecule with truncated @entity2782 exotoxin (PE38) to create the drug. Site-specific mutagenesis was used to mutate @entity1522 in seven key epitopic toxin regions that dictate B-cell generation of neutralizing antitoxin antibodies. Bioassays were used to determine whether mutation reduced potency, and ELISAs were done to determine whether antitoxin antibodies were reduced. Finally, a powerful genetically altered luciferase xenograft model was used that could be imaged in real time to determine the effect on systemic malignant @entity1 @entity1892 , Raji-luc. @entity1 @entity981 , @entity1072 , and @entity1892 were high in @entity10317 and @entity1075 expression. 2219KDEL7mut was significantly effective against systemic Raji-luc in @entity19 and prevented metastatic spread. Mutagenesis reduced neutralizing antitoxin antibodies by approximately 80% with no apparent loss in in vitro or in vivo activity. Because 2219KDEL7mut immunogenicity was significantly reduced and the drug was highly effective in vivo, we can now give multiple drug treatments with targeted toxins in future clinical trials.

title: Bioengineering a unique deimmunized bispecific targeted toxin that simultaneously recognizes @entity1 XXXX and @entity1075 receptors in a @entity19 model of B-cell metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['systemic B-cell lymphoma', 'B-cell lymphoma', 'B lymphoma']

answer: @entity10317 :: (933,Gene) :: ['CD22']


abstract: Three trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of dried cultures of @entity12799 on nutrient utilization by mature Holstein @entity291 fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas. In trial 1, four @entity291 (two dry and two lactating) were used to test @entity12799 (3 g/d) and a control treatment at two forage amounts in a 4 x 4 Latin square. Trial 2 compared control, A. oryzae, and @entity375 cerevesiae using six lactating @entity291 in a repeated 3 x 3 Latin square design. For trial 3, four lactating @entity291 were used in a switchback design to compare control to A. oryzae treatment. In trials 2 and 3, diets contained 70 and 61% concentrate. A fourth in vitro trial was conducted in conjunction with trial 3 in which rumen fluid was obtained from @entity291 adapted or unadapted to A. oryzae. On all trials except high forage in trial 1, A. oryzae increased rumen and total tract digestibility of fiber fractions. Rumen VFA and @entity3265 were not affected by fungal cultures. @entity12799 increased rate of rumen fermentation of alfalfa but not of @entity1101 or @entity3505 straw. In vitro disappearance of @entity3918 from alfalfa, @entity1101 , and @entity3505 straw was increased by A. oryzae, and previous adaptation was not required to stimulate in vitro @entity3918 digestibility. These results indicate that a primary effect of A. oryzae is stimulation of fiber digestion by rumen microbes.

title: Influence of cultures of XXXX on rumen and total tract digestibility of dietary components.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity12799 :: ('5062', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus oryzae']

answer: @entity12799 :: (5062,Species) :: ['Aspergillus oryzae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Orthopaedic surgery is associated with unacceptable @entity281 rates that respond poorly to systemic antibiotics. The objective of this study was to use an animal model for @entity281 to examine the ability of a new-generation fibrin tissue sealant to effectively deliver antibiotics to the surgical site. METHODS: The antibiotics @entity7048 , @entity12119 or @entity1487 were blended into Vitagel tissue sealant. The release rate of the drugs was measured using HPLC methods and bioactivity was measured by the zone of inhibition method with pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. The antibiotic activity of the drug-loaded sealant was then tested in @entity35 using infected orthopaedic surgical sites ( @entity702 clip on spine). Efficacy was evaluated by residual bacterial counts on clips, clinical observations of @entity281 , and histological findings. RESULTS: The drugs were released in a controlled manner over 2-4 days. All three antibiotics demonstrated strong antibacterial activity when released from the sealants. None of the treated animals demonstrated @entity262 . Post mortem dissection revealed a well-encapsulated abscess surrounding the @entity702 clip with erosion of the bony process. Using an inoculum of 1-5   10(3) CFU, treatment with antibiotic-loaded fibrin sealant demonstrated reduced infective swelling and reduced bacterial counts on surgical clip swabs compared to control @entity35 or @entity35 treated with antibiotic only. This model allowed for almost 100 % infectivity with a 0 % mortality rate due to @entity281 , mimicking the clinical features of @entity1 @entity281 . CONCLUSION: The results support the use of antibiotic-loaded commercially available fibrin sealants to prevent @entity281 after implant surgery.

title: The use of tissue sealants to deliver antibiotics to an orthopaedic surgical site with a XXXX implant.

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity12119 :: ('MESH:D005672', 'Chemical') :: ['fusidic acid']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'orthopaedic implant infection', 'implant infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: @entity8016 is a significant health problem in developing countries. @entity1 are infected by two morphologically identical species of Entamoeba. @entity2330 causes @entity16126 and @entity5572 , and @entity22390 is noninvasive. @entity461 @entity281 is seen worldwide and in all age groups. But @entity7014 is especially prevalent in countries with poor sanitation and unsafe water, where it's responsible for most cases of childhood @entity294 . @entity2432 , a protozoon, is an obligate intracellular parasite which can cause fatal @entity5163 in immunocompromised individuals. Generally, the diagnosis of @entity1 intestinal protozoa depends on microscopic detection. Microscopic detection is inexpensive, but it is very labor-intensive and requires a skilled microscopist. Antigen detection methods (direct fluorescent antibody, enzyme immunoassay, and rapid, dipstick-like tests) can be performed quickly and do not require an experienced and skilled microscopist. Recently, commercially available diagnostic kits for the intestinal parasites @entity2330 , @entity461 and @entity2432 spp. use the laboratory diagnosis. In this review, we aimed to discuss the diagnosis of these three intestinal parasites using the antigen tests.

title: [Antigen detection methods in diagnosis of @entity8016 , XXXX and cryptosporidiosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity22390 :: ('46681', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba dispar']

entities_list: @entity16126 :: ('MESH:D004404', 'Disease') :: ['amebic colitis']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['E. histolytica', 'Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2432 :: ('5807', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum', 'Cryptosporidium']

entities_list: @entity8016 :: ('MESH:D000562', 'Disease') :: ['Amebiasis']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia intestinalis', 'G.intestinalis']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['giardiasis']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal disease']

answer: @entity7014 :: (MESH:D005873,Disease) :: ['giardiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Type D personality is considered as an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular @entity1 and a vulnerability factor for distress in the general population. Because representative community studies are rare, we sought to determine the prevalence of @entity19392 personality and its relationship with demographic characteristics, different features of @entity146 , @entity65 factors, health behavior, endothelial function and cardiovascular biomarkers in the general population. METHODS: The prevalence of @entity19392 personality and its correlates were analyzed cross-sectionally in a population-based sample of 5,000 Mid-Europeans aged 35-74 years from the Gutenberg Health Study. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity19392 personality was 22.2% without remarkable differences in sex distribution. Type D subjects were characterized by lower socioeconomic status, lack of a partnership, increased @entity308 , @entity148 , depersonalization and health care utilization. Despite its strong association with @entity146 , @entity19392 personality emerged as psychometrically distinct. Although @entity19392 personality was independently associated with @entity301 (OR = 1.54, p = 0.044), no associations with traditional @entity65 factors were found independently from @entity308 or @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity19392 personality is strongly associated with @entity308 , @entity148 , impaired mental and somatic health status, and increased health care utilization, the @entity19392 construct seems to comprise dysfunctional personality patterns not covered by @entity308 and @entity148 scales. Beyond these associations, the pathways of the @entity1370 impact of @entity19392 personality remain to be elucidated. There is a need for prospective population studies on potential links between @entity19392 personality and @entity299 .

title: Type D personality as a XXXX marker in the general population: results from the Gutenberg health study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular risk']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the rapid assessment of @entity231 and surgical services in age group 50 years and above. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: This survey was conducted in District Lower @entity17367 , Malakand Division, NWFP, Pakistan, from @entity20684 -23, 2003. @entity1 AND METHODS: A community-based survey was carried out with systematic cluster random sampling. The survey was preceded by a pilot study in which the proforma and operational methods were field-tested and refined. One thousand, one hundred and fifty eligible adults of 50 years and older were selected by systematic random sampling from the whole lower @entity17367 district of Malakand, Pakistan. A total of 1076 subjects (93.6%) were examined. The visual acuity of each eye was assessed using tumble Snellen's E Card method at 6 and 3 meters. Any subject having visual acuity <3/60 with or without obvious @entity231 or with @entity4118 ( @entity2092 ) or @entity6781 (removal of @entity231 lens and implantation of artificial lens) was examined in detail. The surgical services were assessed by measuring the prevalence of @entity6781 , surgical outcome of visual acuity and also the effect of place of surgery on outcome. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity1939 was 2.6%, and @entity1939 .46%. Total prevalence of @entity4118 was 2.4%, which was almost equal in both sexes, male 2.3% and female 2.4%. Prevalence of unilateral @entity4118 was 0.3 % in females being slightly higher than males, 0.16 %. The prevalence of bilateral @entity4118 was 2.2% and 2% in males and females respectively. Prevalence of total @entity735 was 2.74%. Surgical outcome showed good, borderline and poor visual acuity of 40.5%, 22% and 14.3% respectively. Surgical outcome was also seemed to be better in private hospitals as compared to field camps. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that to reduce the prevalence of @entity1939 there was a need to improve the quality of services in mobile camps and fixed facilities. At the same time the visual outcome of surgery could be improved by expanding the number of Intraocular lens procedures and routine monitoring of @entity231 outcome.

title: Rapid assessment of XXXX surgical services in age group 50 years and above in Lower @entity17367 District Malakand, Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2092 :: ('MESH:D007905', 'Disease') :: ['removal of lens']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract blindness', 'lens opacity', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity6781 :: ('MESH:D019591', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakia']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral blindness 2', 'total bilateral blindness', 'blindness']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakic eyes']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Importance: Evidence from previous studies suggests that @entity1483 may be effective in reducing the recurrence of @entity1127 after sinus surgery. However, the evidence is limited and insufficient, and further investigations are required. Objective: To assess the effect of topical @entity1483 on recurrence rate of @entity1412 after endoscopic sinus surgery. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Triple-blind randomized clinical trial of @entity1 aged 18 to 60 years with chronic rhinosinusitis associated with @entity1412 who did not respond to medical treatment and were candidates for endoscopic sinus surgery at Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, from April 2014 to June 2015. Interventions: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive postoperative nasal spray, 2 puffs twice a day for 2 months, either 300   g of @entity1483 per day or placebo. Main Outcomes and Measures: Six months after surgery, the @entity1 were examined for nasal and @entity5578 using Meltzer endoscopic grading, computed tomographic (CT) scan of paranasal sinuses (PNS) scoring, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scoring, and visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Of 110 @entity1 enrolled, 84 @entity1 remained for analysis (53 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 ; mean age in the @entity1483 group, 37.02 years, range, 18-58 years; mean age in the placebo group, 36.30 years, range, 18-60 years). Six months after the intervention, the grade of @entity1412 decreased in both groups, but this reduction was substantial in the @entity1483 group vs the placebo group. The severity of @entity1412 was significantly lower in the @entity1483 group vs the placebo group based on SNOT-22 scoring (difference, 8.05; 95% CI, 3.24-12.85) and VAS (difference, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.22-1.39) but not significantly different based on CT scan of PNS scoring (difference, 2.52; 95% CI, -0.35 to 5.39). The incidence of adverse effects (nasal irritation, @entity10 , and @entity1142 ) were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings indicate that topical @entity1483 is a safe drug, with no important adverse effects, that can substantially reduce the severity of @entity1412 after endoscopic sinus surgery. Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials registration number: IRCT201403143186N5.

title: Effect of Topical @entity1483 on XXXX After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['rhinosinusal polyposis', 'polyposis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity5578 :: ('MESH:D010254', 'Disease') :: ['paranasal sinus polyposis']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['Rhinosinusal Polyposis Relapse']


abstract: Dietary factors may influence inflammatory and antioxidant activity, and hence the development of chronic @entity1576 . To examine this hypothesis, the authors analyzed data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). NHANES II was conducted on a sample representative of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population, which included 9,074 white and black adults aged 30 years or older. Dietary factors were derived from serum levels and from a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. The authors examined the relations of these dietary factors to the presence of currently active @entity1576 . The relation of serum @entity620 , dietary @entity620 intake, dietary fish intake, the ratio of dietary @entity1372 to dietary @entity972 , and the ratio of serum @entity219 to serum @entity920 to the @entity1576 of @entity3617 and wheezing was assessed. Initially, nutrient-specific logistic regression analysis was performed, controlling for age, race, sex, calories, and pack-years of cigarette smoking. When multiple nutrients and total caloric intake were considered for each respiratory symptom outcome, @entity3617 was negatively associated with serum @entity620 and with the serum @entity219 : @entity920 ratio and was positively associated with the @entity1372 : @entity972 ratio. Wheezing was negatively associated with serum @entity620 , @entity1670 , and the serum @entity219 : @entity920 ratio. Interactions between nutrients and smoking status were not significant. These data suggest that several dietary constituents may influence the occurrence of @entity1576 in adults, independently of cigarette smoking.

title: Dietary factors and their relation to XXXX . The Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory symptoms']


abstract: @entity5 is a @entity5653 , driven by systemic @entity32 and oxidative stress. This study investigated @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) in combination with @entity6652 as a treatment in a @entity19 model of @entity5 . @entity19 with @entity5 were randomized into 4 treatment groups ( @entity8393 (0.4 g/kg/day), @entity6652 (1 mmol/L ad-lib), combination, or control), and euthanized after 29 days. Analysis of oxidative damage to DNA, mRNA analysis of pro-oxidant, antioxidant and proteolytic pathway components, along with enzyme activity of pro- and antioxidants were completed on gastrocnemius muscle. The control group displayed earlier onset of @entity5 compared to @entity8393 and @entity6652 groups (P<0.001). The @entity8393 group maintained body weight for an extended duration (20 days) compared to the @entity6652 (5 days) and combination (8 days) groups (P<0.05). @entity8393 (18.2  3.2 pg/ml) and combination (18.4  3.7 pg/ml) groups had significantly higher @entity7599 levels than the control group (12.9  1.4 pg/ml, P <=0.05) indicating increased oxidative damage to DNA. mRNA levels of @entity35145 , @entity32907 and @entity32906 were higher following @entity8393 treatment compared to control (P <=0.05). Whereas @entity6652 was associated with higher @entity35145 , @entity183 , @entity5533 , @entity35146 , @entity32907 , @entity32906 and @entity35147 mRNA compared to control (P <=0.05). Activity of total SOD was higher in the @entity6652 group (32.2  1.5 U/ml) compared to control (27.0  1.3 U/ml, P<0.01), @entity20672 activity was lower in the @entity8393 group (8.76  2.0 U/ml) compared to control (14.0  1.9 U/ml, P<0.05), and catalase activity was lower in the combination group (14.4  2.8 U/ml) compared to control (20.9  2.0 U/ml, P<0.01). There was no change in XO activity. The increased rate of weight decline in @entity19 treated with @entity6652 indicates that XO may play a protective role during the progression of @entity5 , and its inhibition is detrimental to outcomes. In combination with @entity8393 , there was little significant improvement from control, indicating @entity6652 is unlikely to be a viable treatment compound in @entity5 .

title: @entity7784 and XXXX in the treatment of muscle wasting in a @entity19 model of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer cachexia', 'cancer cachexia']

entities_list: @entity6652 :: ('MESH:D010117', 'Chemical') :: ['oxypurinol']

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['wasting condition']

answer: @entity6652 :: (MESH:D010117,Chemical) :: ['oxypurinol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Females show greater sensitivity than males to several modalities of experimental @entity158 . However, the gender differences in @entity1311 -induced @entity9 have not been studied. The current study examined the gender differences in @entity9 behavior and the effect of analgesics in a @entity1311 -induced @entity9 model in @entity35 . METHODS: @entity9 was induced by intraperitoneal injection of @entity1311 (2 mg/kg) on 4 alternate days in @entity35 of both genders. Mechanical @entity1931 was measured using a von Frey filament. The gender differences in analgesic responses were determined after administration of @entity1286 (2 or 5 mg/kg), @entity3652 (2 or 5 mg/kg), or combined @entity1286 (2 mg/kg) and @entity3652 (2 mg/kg). RESULTS: @entity1311 induced mechanical @entity1931 , which began to manifest on day 4, peaked within 10 days, and plateaued for at least 2 months after the first @entity1311 injection. No gender difference in the manifestation of mechanical @entity1931 was observed. A 2 mg/kg dose of @entity3652 increased the mechanical threshold only in males. The 5 mg/kg dose of @entity3652 significantly increased the mechanical threshold in both genders. @entity1286 (2 and 5 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased the mechanical thresholds in both genders. The 2 mg/kg dose of @entity3652 enhanced the antinociceptive effect of 2 mg/kg @entity1286 only in females. CONCLUSIONS: No gender difference in @entity1311 -induced @entity9 or analgesic response to @entity3652 or @entity1286 was observed in @entity35 . Low dose @entity3652 enhanced the analgesic effect of @entity1286 on @entity1311 -induced mechanical @entity1931 but only in female @entity35 .

title: Gender differences in @entity1311 -induced XXXX behavior and analgesic response in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: @entity198 are an inflammatory processes of various origin, among which include autoimmune origin. The identification of antibodies against the @entity1024 , allowed clinical immunological characterization of an entity susceptible to immunomodulatory therapy. Originally described in young @entity1 associated with @entity43 , is now a recognized entity in @entity1 even in the absence of detectable @entity5 . The aim of the study was conducted through review of medical records, was to describe the clinical, developmental and findings in further studies of eleven @entity1 with confirmed diagnosis of this entity through identification of specific antibodies. All debuted with @entity146 symptoms in nine associating @entity410 , and two @entity21 . In the evolution of language all had commitment nine severe autonomic symptoms, one with @entity3316 and requirements of ARM. Brain MRI was abnormal in three. Eight had voltage EEG asymmetry and / or amplitude, three of them had spikes. Six had CSF pleocytosis and three of seven positive oligoclonal bands. Five IgM serology for @entity9463 were positive. @entity9153 increase occurred in conjunction with antisychotics in five. With immunomodulatory treatment, five had complete recovery three @entity146 / @entity73 and one severe. A @entity1 's clinical picture resolved without treatment. In any associated @entity5 was detected. We conclude that in front of a @entity1 with acute @entity75 and clinical support this entity after infectious cause were ruled out, immunomodulatory therapy should be started early, avoid the use of antipsychotic drugs and search for possible hidden @entity5 .

title: [Acute XXXX anti-ionotropic glutamate receptor activated @entity1024 (NMDAR): analysis of eleven pediatric cases in Argentina (Benito Yel  n Award)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian teratoma']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D- aspartate']

entities_list: @entity9463 :: ('MESH:D009175', 'Disease') :: ['mycoplasma']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['Encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'behavioral disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal movements']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: The @entity16656 (BR) phytohormones play crucial roles in regulating plant cell growth and morphogenesis, particularly in hypocotyl cell elongation. The microtubule cytoskeleton is also known to participate in the regulation of hypocotyl elongation. However, it is unclear if BR regulation of hypocotyl elongation involves the microtubule cytoskeleton. In this study, we demonstrate that @entity4375 mediate hypocotyl cell elongation by influencing the orientation and stability of cortical microtubules. Further analysis identified the previously undiscovered @entity958 microtubule destabilizing protein40 (MDP40) as a positive regulator of hypocotyl cell elongation. @entity24315 -resistant1, a key transcription factor in the BR signaling pathway, directly targets and upregulates MDP40. Overexpression of MDP40 partially rescued the shorter hypocotyl phenotype in BR-deficient mutant @entity16661 seedlings. Reorientation of the cortical microtubules in the cells of MDP40 RNA interference transgenic lines was less sensitive to BR. These findings demonstrate that MDP40 is a key regulator in BR regulation of cortical microtubule reorientation and mediates hypocotyl growth. This study reveals a mechanism involving BR regulation of microtubules through MDP40 to mediate hypocotyl cell elongation.

title: XXXX microtubule destabilizing protein40 is involved in @entity16656 regulation of hypocotyl elongation.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity24315 :: ('MESH:C412342', 'Chemical') :: ['Brassinazole']

entities_list: @entity16656 :: ('CHEBI:22921', 'Chemical') :: ['brassinosteroid']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Comprehensive management of @entity1 with chronic @entity63 is a critically important component of clinical practice. Cardiac myocytes have the potential to adapt to limited flow conditions by adjusting contractile function, reducing metabolism, conserving resources, and preserving myocardial integrity to cope with an @entity26 and (or) nutrition shortage. A prime metabolic feature of cardiac myocytes affected by chronic @entity63 is the return to a fetal gene pattern with predominance of @entity3363 as the substrate for energy. Structural adaptation with multiple intracellular changes is part of the remodeling process in hibernating @entity1562 . Transmural heterogeneity, which defines the pattern of @entity130 and the response to chronic @entity63 , is a multifactorial process originating from functional, metabolic, and flow differences in subendocardial and subepicardial regions. Autophagy is typically activated in hibernating @entity1562 and has been identified as a prosurvival mechanism. @entity63 is associated with changes in the number, size, and distribution of gap junctions and may give rise to conduction disturbances and arrhythmogenesis. Differentiation between viable and nonviable @entity1562 by assessing sensitivity of inotropic reserve is a crucial diagnostic tool that is correlated with the prognosis and outcome for improved contractility after restoration of blood perfusion in afflicted @entity1562 .Reliable and accurate diagnosis of @entity63 , scar, and viable tissues is critical for recover strategies. Although early surgical reinstitution of blood flow is most effective in restoring physiologic function of the hibernating @entity1562 , several new approaches offer promising alternatives. Among others, @entity7 and @entity540 ( @entity540 ), especially its lo- @entity540 isoform, have been shown to be effective in rapid neovascularization. Substances such as statins, @entity4025 , some hormones, and @entity9539 can improve recovery effect in chronically underperfused hearts. For @entity1 with drug-refractory @entity63 , intramyocardial transplantation of stem cells into predefined areas of the heart can enhance vascularization and have beneficial effects on cardiac function. This review of @entity63 , its heterogeneity, accurate diagnosis, and newer methods of treatment, shows there is much information and tremendous hope for better management of @entity1 with @entity301 .

title: Hibernating XXXX : pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'Chronic ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic', 'ischemic disease']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor-2', 'FGF-2']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury in ventricular cardiomyocytes']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardium']


abstract: PURPOSE: Combined PET/CT imaging has been proposed as an integral part of radiotherapy treatment planning (TP). Contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT) images are frequently acquired as part of the PET/CT examination to support target delineation. The aim of this dosimetric planning study was to investigate the error introduced by using a ceCT for intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) TP with Monte Carlo dose calculation for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity1149 prior to chemo-RT were included in this retrospective study. For each @entity1 non-enhanced, low-dose CT (neCT), ceCT and @entity419 -PET emission data were acquired within a single examination. Manual contouring and TP were performed on the ceCT. An additional set of independent target volumes was auto-segmented in PET images. Dose distributions were recalculated on the neCT. Differences in dosimetric parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: Dose differences in @entity343 and lungs were small for all @entity1 . The maximum difference in all PTVs when using ceCT images for dose calculation was -2.1%, whereas the mean difference was less than -1.7%. Maximum differences in the lungs ranged from -1.8% to 2.1% (mean: -0.1%). In four @entity1 an underestimation of the maximum spinal cord dose between 2% and 3.2% was observed, but treatment plans remained clinically acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: Monte Carlo based IMRT planning for @entity1149 @entity1 using ceCT allows for correct dose calculation. A direct comparison to neCT-based treatment plans revealed only small dose differences. Therefore, ceCT-based TP is clinically safe as long as the maximum acceptable dose to organs at risk is not approached.

title: Combined PET/CT for IMRT treatment planning of XXXX : contrast-enhanced CT images for Monte Carlo dose calculation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: @entity5 is a @entity5653 , driven by systemic @entity32 and oxidative stress. This study investigated @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) in combination with @entity6652 as a treatment in a @entity19 model of @entity5 . @entity19 with @entity5 were randomized into 4 treatment groups ( @entity8393 (0.4 g/kg/day), @entity6652 (1 mmol/L ad-lib), combination, or control), and euthanized after 29 days. Analysis of oxidative damage to DNA, mRNA analysis of pro-oxidant, antioxidant and proteolytic pathway components, along with enzyme activity of pro- and antioxidants were completed on gastrocnemius muscle. The control group displayed earlier onset of @entity5 compared to @entity8393 and @entity6652 groups (P<0.001). The @entity8393 group maintained body weight for an extended duration (20 days) compared to the @entity6652 (5 days) and combination (8 days) groups (P<0.05). @entity8393 (18.2  3.2 pg/ml) and combination (18.4  3.7 pg/ml) groups had significantly higher @entity7599 levels than the control group (12.9  1.4 pg/ml, P <=0.05) indicating increased oxidative damage to DNA. mRNA levels of @entity35145 , @entity32907 and @entity32906 were higher following @entity8393 treatment compared to control (P <=0.05). Whereas @entity6652 was associated with higher @entity35145 , @entity183 , @entity5533 , @entity35146 , @entity32907 , @entity32906 and @entity35147 mRNA compared to control (P <=0.05). Activity of total SOD was higher in the @entity6652 group (32.2  1.5 U/ml) compared to control (27.0  1.3 U/ml, P<0.01), @entity20672 activity was lower in the @entity8393 group (8.76  2.0 U/ml) compared to control (14.0  1.9 U/ml, P<0.05), and catalase activity was lower in the combination group (14.4  2.8 U/ml) compared to control (20.9  2.0 U/ml, P<0.01). There was no change in XO activity. The increased rate of weight decline in @entity19 treated with @entity6652 indicates that XO may play a protective role during the progression of @entity5 , and its inhibition is detrimental to outcomes. In combination with @entity8393 , there was little significant improvement from control, indicating @entity6652 is unlikely to be a viable treatment compound in @entity5 .

title: @entity7784 and @entity6652 in the treatment of muscle wasting in a XXXX model of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer cachexia', 'cancer cachexia']

entities_list: @entity6652 :: ('MESH:D010117', 'Chemical') :: ['oxypurinol']

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['wasting condition']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The influence of @entity35 round spermatid protein(s) (RSP) on protein synthesis and secretory function of Sertoli cells was used in the bicameral chamber system. Round spermatids (RS) were purified from 90-day-old @entity35 by centrifugal elutriation. RS were incubated in a supplement-enriched culture medium that lacked exogenous proteins. The RS-conditioned media were dialysed and lyophilized to obtain RSP. Most de novo protein synthesized under basal conditions by Sertoli cells (18-day-old) was secreted into the apical chamber (apical/basal ratio: 3.42). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, 100 ng/ml) stimulated total protein secretion from Sertoli cells by a factor of 1.54. The RSP (100 micrograms/ml) stimulated total protein secretion from Sertoli cells by a factor of 2.33. The enhancement of total Sertoli cell protein secretion by FSH and RSP additively increased by a factor of 2.82. The combined effect of FSH and RSP on total protein secretion from Sertoli cells was dose dependent and saturated at approximately 200 micrograms/ml of RSP. Polarity of total protein secretion from Sertoli cells (apical/basal ratio: 3.42) was stimulated by RSP predominantly in the apical direction (apical/basal ratio: 8.48). The modulation of radiolabeled Sertoli cell secretory proteins (ceruloplasmin, CP; sulfated glycoprotein-2, @entity20658 ; testins and @entity2594 , Tf) by cold (non-labeled) RSP was investigated by immunoprecipitation followed by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. The secretion of CP, @entity20658 and Tf was stimulated in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of RSP up to a saturating concentration of between 200 and 300 micrograms/ml, whereas the secretion of Sertoli cell testins did not reach saturation at 300 micrograms/ml RSP. These results indicate that FSH and RSP independently modulate Sertoli cell protein secretion, and that Sertoli cell secretory proteins may differentially respond to RSP stimulation.

title: Modulation of Sertoli cell secretory function by XXXX round spermatid protein(s).

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']