abstract: @entity16509 ( @entity16509 ) comprise a family of basic- @entity368 zipper transcription factors that regulate cellular differentiation and function. To determine the role of @entity16509 transcription factors in osteoblasts and odontoblasts, we generated a transgenic (TG) @entity19 model with Co1a1 (pOBCol3.6) promoter-targeted expression of a FLAG-tagged dominant negative @entity16509 isoform, p20C/EBPbeta (previously @entity22705 ). Two of the four transgenic lines presented with abnormalities in the developing incisors, including breakage, overgrowth, and @entity3232 . Histological examination revealed that the amount of alveolar bone was reduced in TG compared to @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 . By microcomputed tomography (microCT), the bone volume fraction of the mandible was reduced at the level of the first and third molars, demonstrating a severe mandibular @entity2331 . The lingual dentin morphology of TG incisors differed dramatically from @entity164 . Labial dentin (enamel side) showed normal thickness and tubular dentin structure, whereas the lingual dentin was thinner (25-30% of @entity164 at the @entity4067 ) with an amorphous globular structure characteristic of @entity4368 . FLAG immunostaining was seen in both lingual and labial odontoblasts, indicating that the site-specific defect was not due to a lack of labial transgene expression. Northern blot analysis demonstrated reduced @entity2450 expression in TG mandibles, while bone sialoprotein was increased, consistent with prior results in calvariae and long bones. Dental sialophosphoprotein, a marker of the odontoblast lineage whose absence causes @entity4368 , was modestly reduced in TG @entity19 by Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis. By fluorescence microscopy, pOBCol2.3-GFP, a marker of the odontoblast lineage, was expressed in both labial and lingual odontoblasts, although GFP-marked lingual odontoblasts were more flattened than @entity164 cells. Moreover, GFP-positive processes in the lingual dentin tubules were truncated and less organized than those in @entity164 dentin. MicroCT analysis showed reduced tissue density in the lingual dentin. These data suggest that @entity16509 transcription factors may be involved in the regulation of odontoblast polarization and dentin matrix production.

title: Mandibular phenotype of p20C/EBPbeta XXXX : Reduced alveolar bone mass and site-specific @entity4368 .

entities_list: @entity4368 :: ('MESH:D003805', 'Disease') :: ['dentin dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity16509 :: ('12606(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CCAAT enhancer binding proteins', 'C/EBP']

entities_list: @entity4067 :: ('MESH:D017675', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar crest']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: Using the "ghost method" previously applied to study the binding of @entity2365 to bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Bojesen, I. N., and E. Bojesen. 1992. J. Lipid Res. 33: 1327-1334) we have measured the water-phase concentrations of @entity3899 (AR) and @entity3952 (OL) in 165 mM @entity4338 and in 165 mM @entity1219 , 2 mM @entity1391 buffer at pH 7.3 in equilibrium with AR and OL bound to BSA (about 30 microM) inside resealed @entity1 red cell ghosts at low molar ratio (v). Data were obtained at 0 degree C, 10 degrees C, 23 degrees C, and 38 degrees C for v between 0.012 and 1.5. Regression analyses of the data suggest that BSA has three equivalent binding sites for AR and OL at the four temperatures. The equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) were the same in @entity972 and in @entity1372 buffers. They were calculated for AR and OL on basis of three equivalent binding sites per mol BSA. Kd values increase with temperature and the AR values are, on average, approximately 5-fold greater than those of OL within the investigated temperature range. At 23 degrees C, Kd values for three equivalent sites are 15.60 +/- 0.73 nM and 2.89 +/- 0.14 nM corresponding to -44.2 +/- 0.15 kJ/mol and -48.3 +/- 0.1 kJ/mol in free energies of binding AR and OL, respectively. The difference, 4.1 kJ/mol, fits fairly well with the theoretical difference in hydrophobic effects of the two aliphatic chains, 3.7 kJ/mol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Binding of @entity3899 and XXXX to bovine serum albumin.

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity3952 :: (MESH:D019301,Chemical) :: ['oleate']


abstract: While the prevalence of @entity146 in clinical pediatric populations is high, only a few studies have systematically examined @entity1 psychiatry consultations to pediatric inpatients. This paper reviews this body of literature and indicates important areas for further study. Some of the studies did not report basic data such as the number of consults, age, sex, or race of referrals, and referral rate. Without such basic data, it is impossible to make adequate comparisons between studies. Several studies did not report economic status or admission diagnosis of the @entity1 , @entity146 intervention/treatment on the ward, or @entity146 referral after discharge. Mostly the samples were small, including data on less than 100 inpatient consults. There is a need for greater consistency in the classification of reasons for referral, so that accurate and meaningful comparisons can be made across sites. The examination of @entity146 diagnoses was complicated by the wide range of diagnostic classifications that have been used. Standardization on the DSM-III-R/IV diagnostic system would make for greater comparability between studies. It would be useful in planning for services if future studies included cost as well as efficacy studies with a randomized control group.

title: XXXX psychiatry consultations to pediatric inpatients: a literature review.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: Dietary restriction for the weight-loss management of @entity28 @entity1641 limits the natural trickle-feeding behaviour. During feed restriction, wood shavings are often advised as bedding to prevent dietary supplementation from non-feed sources. Data from twelve overweight/ @entity28 @entity1641 and ponies of mixed breed and sex, bedded on wood shavings during 16 weeks of feed restriction, were retrospectively evaluated. @entity3918 intake ( @entity9956 ) was restricted to 1.25 % of body mass (BM) daily. Animals were randomly assigned to one of two diets (hay/chaff, n 6; hay/balancer meal, n 6). BM was recorded weekly. Feeding behaviour was recorded by continual observation over 24 h during week 15. The apparent digestibility (gross energy (GE), acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and @entity3918 ) of feed was determined for all animals by total faecal collection (72 h, week 16). Rates of @entity353 were independent of diet type, @entity3918 (R(2) 0.15), GE (R(2) 0.20) and ADF digestibilities (R(2) 0.18). Despite similar DMI, faecal @entity3918 ranged between 0.52 and 1.16 % of BM daily and was associated with wide ranges in apparent digestibility (GE--11.34 to 53.08 %; ADF--50.37 to 42.83 % and @entity3918 2.14 to 57.32 %), which were improbably low for some animals. Apparent digestibilities were associated with @entity3918 output (GE R2 0.96; ADF R(2) 0.99 and @entity3918 R(2) 0.99) and time spent feeding (GE R(2) 0.62; @entity3918 R(2) 0.61 and ADF R(2) 0.59), indicating that feed intake was supplemented with wood shavings in at least five of the twelve animals. Quantities of wood shavings ingested (negligible to >3.0 kg/d) were back-calculated from predicted feed digestibilities. All animals remained healthy. Implications of 'feed-bulking/energy dilution' for feed-restricted animals need further consideration.

title: Voluntary ingestion of wood shavings by XXXX @entity1641 under dietary restriction.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The psbC gene encodes the intrinsic chlorophyll protein CP 43, a component of photosystem II in higher plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to introduce mutations into the portion of psbC that encodes the large extrinsic loop E of CP 43 in the cyanobacterium @entity324 . Three mutations, @entity50919 , @entity50920 , and @entity50921 , each produced a strain with @entity73 . The @entity50919 mutant strain grew photoautotrophically at rates comparable to the control strain. Immunological analyses of several PS II components indicated that this mutant accumulated normal quantities of @entity14554 . However, this mutant evolved @entity26 to only 56% of control rates at saturating light intensities. Measurements of total variable fluorescence yield indicated that this mutant assembled approximately 60% of the fully functional PS II centers found in the control strain. The @entity50920 mutant grew photoautotrophically at a severely reduced rate. Both immunological analysis and variable fluorescence yield experiments indicated that @entity50920 assembled a normal complement of PS II centers. However, this mutant was capable of evolving @entity26 to only 20% of control rates. Variable fluorescence yield experiments demonstrated that this mutant was inefficient at using water as an electron donor. Both @entity50919 and @entity50920 strains exhibited an increased (approximately 2-fold) sensitivity to photoinactivation. The @entity50921 mutant was the most severely affected. This mutant failed to grow photoautotrophically and exhibited essentially no capacity for @entity26 evolution. Measurements of total variable fluorescence yield indicated that this mutant assembled no functional PS II centers. Immunological analysis of isolated thylakoid membranes from @entity50921 revealed a complete absence of CP 43 and reduced levels of both the D1 and @entity921 -stabilizing proteins. These results suggest that the mutations @entity50919 and @entity50920 each produce a defect associated with the @entity26 -evolving complex of photosystem II. The @entity50921 mutation appears to affect the stability of the PS II complex. This is the first report showing that alteration of negatively charged residues in the CP 43 large extrinsic loop results in mutations affecting PS II assembly/function.

title: Site-directed mutagenesis of glutamate residues in the large extrinsic loop of the photosystem II protein CP 43 affects XXXX -evolving activity and PS II assembly.

entities_list: @entity14554 :: ('OMIM:174500', 'Disease') :: ['PS II proteins']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired photosystem II activity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite recovery of left ventricular (LV) function and morphology after aortic valve replacement (AVR) for @entity472 ( @entity472 ), its relationship with exercise capacity remains unknown. Twenty-one AVR @entity1 (age 61    12 years, 14 male) with normal ejection fraction (EF, 64    7%) and 21 age- and sex-matched controls (57    9 years, 10 male, EF 68    8%) were studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: All subjects performed semi-supine bicycle exercise and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) study. Peak @entity26 consumption (pVO(2)) was collected during semi-supine bicycle exercise. Systolic (GLSRs) and early diastolic (GLSRe) longitudinal strain rate using STE and Doppler echocardiographic parameters were measured at rest, submaximal, peak exercise, and 4 min after exercise. The two groups had comparable resting echocardiographic measurements. At peak exercise, pVO(2) was lower in @entity1 than controls (18.5    4.5 vs. 22.1    4.3 L/min/kg, P < 0.05). GLSRs (0.98    0.28 vs. 1.55    0.30 1/s, P < 0.001), septal Sm (7.9    1.4 vs. 11.1    2.3 cm/s, P < 0.001) and their changes between rest and peak exercise (  GLSRs: 0.16    0.33 vs. 0.68    0.27 1/s, P < 0.001;   Sm 2.29    2.23 vs. 4.63    2.29 cm/s, P < 0.01) were significantly lower in @entity1 than controls. There was no correlation between pVO(2) and any echocardiographic measurements in controls. In @entity1 , pVO(2) correlated with peak exercise GLSRs (r = 0.60, P = 0.0007), septal Sm (r = 0.65, P = 0.002), and Em (r = 0.57, P = 0.009). In a multivariate model, peak exercise GLSRs (b = 7.18, P = 0.03) was the only independent predictor of pVO(2) in the @entity1 group. CONCLUSION: Exercise capacity is subnormal after AVR for @entity472 , irrespective of normal LVEF suggesting residual compromised myocardial functional reserve.

title: Residual compromised myocardial contractile reserve after valve replacement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis', 'AS']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in @entity740 ( @entity740 ) @entity1 relative to the general population is unknown. The aim of this population-based study was to investigate the risk of @entity14 in @entity1 with @entity740 . METHODS: The study cohort included @entity1 aged >= 18 years diagnosed with @entity740 between 2004 and 2005 (n = 15,975). The comparison cohort (n = 79,875) included five randomly selected age- and gender-matched controls for each @entity1 in the study cohort. All the subjects were followed up from the date of cohort entry until they developed @entity14 or until the end of 2006. RESULTS: We identified 15,975 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity740 who matched the inclusion criteria. A total of 460 @entity1 developed @entity14 during the study period, of whom 116 were from the @entity740 cohort and 344 were from the comparison cohort. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the @entity740 @entity1 not undergoing dialysis were independently associated with a greater risk of @entity14 (hazard ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-2.27). The overall incidence rate of @entity14 was 341 per 100,000 @entity1 -years for @entity740 @entity1 not undergoing dialysis, compared to 174 per 100,000 @entity1 -years. The age-matched hazard ratio of @entity14 after excluding dialysis @entity1 was 1.64 (95% CI 1.27-2.11) in @entity1 50 years and older, and 3.7 (95% CI 1.83-7.49) in @entity1 younger than 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based cohort study indicated that @entity740 @entity1 not requiring dialysis have an increased risk of @entity14 compared to the general population, independent of comorbidities.

title: Risk of @entity14 in XXXX : a matched cohort study based on administrative data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: The objective of this study is to compare the radiological progression in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) diagnosed in the 1980s with those of the late 1990s until 2005 and to evaluate prognostic factors. Ninety-two @entity309 @entity1 who were firstly seen in our clinic from 1997 to 2005 were identified. As a control group, 89 @entity309 @entity1 from 1986 to 1990 were matched for the criteria disease duration (mean, 22    17 months), age, and number of x-ray controls. @entity16 was measured by the Ratingen score (RS). The baseline RS of the 1997-2005 group was significantly lower (mean, 3.8    8.7 vs 7.7    13.0; p < 0.0001) and showed less radiological progression during follow-up than the 1986-1990 group (/\RS/year of 0.95    2.19 vs. 5.69    8.43; p < 0.0001). In the later group, more @entity1 (73 vs. 28%) had @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ). Twenty-one (23%) of the @entity1 in the later group received biological drugs. However, the subgroup 1997-2000 (n = 29), before the approval of TNF-inhibitors, had already lower baseline RS in comparison to 1986-1990 (2.7    4.9; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that early start of @entity1500 (before or directly after first consultation) was a predictor of favorable outcome (p < 0.005), as were low erythrocyte sedimentation rate at baseline and belonging to the later group. In contrast, neither treatment with glucocorticoids or biological drugs nor the overall rate of @entity1500 or other disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use was predictive. @entity16 is markedly diminished in @entity309 @entity1 seen since mid of the 1990s. Early treatment with @entity1500 seems to be the key factor for this improved prognosis.

title: Improved radiological outcome of XXXX : the importance of early treatment with @entity1499 in the era of biological drugs.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Radiological damage']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of @entity5 of the head, neck, and brain is often complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Peri-operative embolization of @entity5 may help to reduce @entity548 and operative times and have thus become an integral part of the management of these @entity5 . Advances in catheter and non-catheter based techniques in conjunction with the growing field of neurointerventional surgery is likely to expand the number of peri-operative embolizations performed. The goal of this article is to provide consensus reporting standards and guidelines for embolization treatment of vascular head, neck, and @entity1313 . SUMMARY: This article was produced by a writing group comprised of members of the Society of Neurointerventional Surgery. A computerized literature search using the National Library of Medicine database (Pubmed) was conducted for relevant articles published between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2010. The article summarizes the effectiveness and safety of peri-operative @entity5 embolization. In addition, this document provides consensus definitions and reporting standards as well as guidelines not intended to represent the standard of care, but rather to provide uniformity in subsequent trials and studies involving embolization of vascular head and neck as well as @entity1313 . CONCLUSIONS: Peri-operative embolization of vascular head, neck, and @entity1313 is an effective and safe adjuvant to surgical resection. @entity532 reported in the literature are rare when these procedures are performed by operators with appropriate training and knowledge of the relevant vascular and surgical anatomy. These standards may help to standardize reporting and publication in future studies.

title: Head, neck, and XXXX embolization guidelines.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumor', 'vascular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Major complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: Schwannomas are @entity5 derived from the Schwann cells, which form the myelin sheath of the peripheral nerves. Fewer than 1% of these @entity5 occur within the @entity75 without arising from the cranial nerves. Only 55 cases have been published after the first recorded case. We report a 17-year-old @entity1 with a 3-month history of unspecific @entity1296 , unsteadiness, and @entity10 . Magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogeneous @entity5409 involving midbrain, pons, and @entity76 . The @entity1 underwent a retromastoid craniotomy with complete resection of the @entity5 . Pathologic examination was compatible with @entity808 . Since the first case of @entity808 involving the brainstem was described in 1980, only seven others have been reported. Diagnosis of @entity808 is almost never made preoperatively. Immunohistochemical staining is crucial in distinguishing a @entity808 from a @entity1653 , @entity5 , or @entity3 . Pathologic findings are those typical of @entity5513 . Histogenesis of @entity808 remains unclear, and several theories have been proposed to explain their origin. The recognition of this curable @entity5 and its differentiation from @entity11 , which generally has a less favorable outcome, is of obvious importance.

title: Intraparenchymal @entity808 involving the brainstem in a young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['intraparenchymal schwannoma', 'Schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glial tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem glioma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['left cerebellar peduncle']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined whether second-line multi-agent chemotherapies are of any value for @entity3003 / @entity1311 (TC)-refractory @entity43 . METHODS: Subjects included 60 @entity1 with @entity43 who received second-line @entity902 -based combination chemotherapy. Thirty-nine were treated with @entity2600 / @entity900 or @entity1814 and 21 with @entity1205 / @entity900 shortly after TC failure. @entity1 were divided between those who were refractory to initial @entity902 -based chemotherapy (n = 29, Group A) and those who were @entity902 -sensitive (n = 31, Group B). Efficacy and safety of the combination chemotherapies were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Response to the combination chemotherapy was 10.3% in Group A and 41.9% in Group B. Median time to disease progression was 4.02 months and 7.21 months, respectively (p = 0.006), and median survival time was 7.89 months and 9.23 months, respectively (p = 0.003). There was no difference in response between the two regimens. Grade 3-4 hematologic @entity137 were more frequent with the @entity1205 regimen. CONCLUSION: The choice between agents for second-line chemotherapy for @entity43 should be based on whether the @entity5 was previously @entity902 -sensitive. With a history of such response, multi-agent chemotherapies are worth considering after TC failure. With no previous response, the expected efficacy of second-line multi-agent chemotherapy is low, suggesting the use of monochemotherapy.

title: Second-line chemotherapy for @entity3003 / @entity1311 -refractory XXXX : are multi-agent chemotherapies of little value truly?

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'TC-refractory ovarian cancer', 'ovarian, peritoneal, or tubal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The natural switch from fever to @entity2332 observed in the most severe cases of systemic @entity32 is a phenomenon that continues to puzzle clinicians and scientists. The present study was the first to evaluate in direct experiments how the development of @entity2332 vs. fever during severe forms of systemic @entity32 impacts the pathophysiology of this malady and mortality rates in @entity35 . Following administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 or 18 mg/kg) or of a clinical @entity526 isolate (5   10(9) or 1   10(10) CFU/kg), @entity2332 developed in @entity35 exposed to a mildly cool environment, but not in @entity35 exposed to a warm environment; only fever was revealed in the warm environment. Development of @entity2332 instead of fever @entity5694 in @entity526 -infected @entity35 , but not in LPS-injected @entity35 . The infiltration of the lungs by neutrophils was similarly suppressed in @entity526 -infected @entity35 of the hypothermic group. These potentially beneficial effects came with costs, as @entity2332 increased @entity409 . Furthermore, the @entity551 responses to LPS or @entity526 were exaggerated in @entity35 of the hypothermic group. This exaggeration, however, occurred independently of changes in inflammatory cytokines and @entity2918 . Despite possible costs, development of @entity2332 lessened @entity881 and reduced overall mortality rates in both the @entity526 and LPS models. By demonstrating that naturally occurring @entity2332 is more advantageous than fever in severe forms of aseptic (LPS-induced) or septic ( @entity526 -induced) systemic @entity32 , this study provides new grounds for the management of this @entity558 .

title: Naturally occurring @entity2332 is more advantageous than fever in severe forms of lipopolysaccharide- and XXXX -induced systemic @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['deadly condition']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['suppressed endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial burden in the liver']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, satisfactory results were obtained in a series of @entity1 in whom the radial artery was used as a conduit for coronary artery bypass. However, @entity2473 of this conduit was observed in 4% of @entity1 . The aim of this study was to analyze the vasoreactive properties of the radial artery and to compare them with those of the internal mammary and the @entity432 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 radial (56 from 15 @entity1 ), internal mammary (77 from 20 @entity1 ), and gastroepiploic (41 from 12 @entity1 ) artery ring segments were mounted on a strain gauge in oxygenated, normothermic Krebs' solution at optimal resting tension. With @entity4338 (100 mM) serving as the control, the dose-response curves to @entity1063 , @entity750 , and @entity2871 A2 mimetic were obtained, permitting assessment of force of contraction and sensitivity. Functional endothelium was assessed with @entity934 . Smooth muscle-dependent relaxation was assessed with @entity1854 . The radial artery had stronger contractions to @entity4338 than the other vessels. The radial and the @entity432 with endothelium presented a higher contraction force than the internal mammary artery in response to @entity1063 and @entity750 . The three vessels had equal sensitivities to @entity1063 and @entity750 . The @entity432 had a lower sensitivity to @entity2404 mimetic than the two other vessels. CONCLUSIONS: This increased reactivity of the radial artery explains its propensity to @entity2473 and emphasizes the need for antispastic drugs and platelet inhibitors when the radial artery is used for coronary artery bypass.

title: Vasoreactivity of the radial artery. Comparison with the internal mammary and XXXX with implications for coronary artery surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['gastroepiploic artery', 'gastroepiploic arteries']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['gastroepiploic arteries']


abstract: @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) stimulates hemopoietic cell proliferation, differentiation, and functional activation by inducing the expression of specific genes. As part of an investigation of the regulation of gene expression by @entity2304 , we have previously identified a novel @entity19 @entity2304 -inducible gene, A1. In this report, we present the complete @entity377 sequence of the A1 mRNA as well as a portion of the 5' flanking region, and describe the expression pattern of the gene. The results demonstrate that A1 is a hemopoietic tissue-specific gene that is expressed in several hemopoietic cell lineages, including T-helper lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. In @entity19 bone marrow-derived macrophages, A1 gene expression is rapidly and transiently induced by @entity2304 , and the induction was independent of de novo protein synthesis. In addition to @entity2304 , a transient induction of A1 mRNA accumulation was observed in response to @entity558 in macrophages. This induction is not mediated by @entity634 or @entity777 , neither of which stimulate A1. In the myeloid precursor cell line, 32D cl3, A1 gene expression is stably induced during granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-stimulated myeloid cell differentiation. The A1 message encodes a predicted polypeptide with an M(r) of 20,024 and no signal peptide. The peptide sequence contains a region of 80 @entity1522 that shows similarity to @entity1379 and to the recently described @entity1379 -related gene, @entity30490 . These data demonstrate that A1 is a novel early-response gene whose expression is associated with a variety of stimuli and occurs in several hemopoietic cell types.

title: Characterization of A1, a novel hemopoietic-specific early-response gene with sequence similarity to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1379 :: (12043(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['bcl-2']


abstract: A thorough review of the clinical, radiologic, and histologic features of 80 cases of long bone @entity9051 is presented. Of the six cases of @entity9051 immunostained with a cytokeratin antibody, two were cytokeratin positive; however, the five cases of @entity82 that were stained were all negative. Follow-up (mean, 5.4 years; range, 1 month to 31 years) data were available for 41 cases (51%). From the consultation series nine of the 18 @entity1 studied had recurrences, regardless of the different treatment regimens. The average recurrence interval in these @entity1 was 2.7 years. Two @entity1 had incomplete excision and six had biopsy only. All eight of these @entity1 had @entity41 . Among the 16 Mayo Clinic @entity1 , one had recurrence 5 years after the initial treatment. In two cases, 7-year-old and 6-year-old @entity1 , histologic maturation to @entity82 was observed 4 and 10 years later, respectively. Adamantinoma has not developed in any of the 41 cases of @entity9051 for which we have follow-up information. It seems clear that @entity9051 does not progress to @entity7197 . Our study suggests that @entity9051 is probably a variant of @entity82 , as demonstrated by the maturation of two lesions of @entity9051 to @entity82 . Surgical treatment may be appropriate in cases with an extensive lesion, @entity1516 , and accentuated tibial bowing. The overall prognosis is good, even with recurrence.

title: XXXX : clinicopathologic study of 80 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity7197 :: ('MESH:D050398', 'Disease') :: ['adamantinoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity9051 :: ('MESH:C563276', 'Disease') :: ['osteofibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity9051 :: (MESH:C563276,Disease) :: ['Osteofibrous dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation now is proposed for managing selected @entity4177 cases. Indications are not yet well defined. METHODS: The case records of 34 @entity1 with @entity4177 treated over a period of 10 years (1991 to 2000) were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: All @entity1 benefited from preoperative chemotherapy. Twenty @entity1 underwent major hepatic resections. Twelve @entity1 , in absence of residual @entity3 , underwent liver transplant because the @entity5 remained unresectable after chemotherapy. Two @entity1 who presented with recurrence after a right hepatectomy, benefited from transplant as a second option. Two other @entity1 did not undergo surgery because of @entity66 or resistance to chemotherapy. Disease-free survival rates were 95% after surgical resection, 100% when primary transplant was performed in @entity1 with good response to chemotherapy, 60% after transplantation in @entity1 with poor response to chemotherapy, 50% in @entity1 with transplant as second option, and 0% in @entity1 not undergoing surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Transplantation is a potentially curative option for unresectable @entity4177 when chemosensitive (decrease in @entity160 and decrease in @entity5 size). In this context, also favourable cases with good response but difficult resections with doubtful margins of resection may best be proposed for primary transplantation. @entity1 with recurrent or resistant disease are not good candidates.

title: Strategy for XXXX management: Transplant versus nontransplant surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['widespread disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['hepatoblastoma']


abstract: In a randomized phase II study, @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) with 10-30% blasts in the bone marrow and @entity1583 were treated with low-dose @entity2592 (2 x 10 mg/m2 subcutaneously (s.c.) days 1-14) and rhGM-CSF (fully glycosylated, Sandoz/Schering-Plough, 2 x 150 micrograms protein/day s.c.) given either following Ara C (days 15-21) or simultaneously (days 8-14) for 1-5 cycles. 108 @entity1 with a median age of 65 years, range 17-80 years and @entity7139 ( @entity7139 , n = 54), @entity7139 with transformation (RAEBt, n = 50) or with @entity6130 ( @entity6130 , n = 4) were evaluable. Complete remission was achieved in 15 cases (14%), 11 had a partial response (10%), and 16 a minor response (15%). Stable disease was reached in 35 cases (32%). There were 16 cases of @entity137 (15%), progression occurred in 15 @entity1 (14%). No differences existed between the two treatment arms with respect to response and duration of response. Prognostic factors for poor response included the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities and a history of previous blood transfusions. Major adverse events during treatment were @entity548 (55%), @entity281 (54%), and fever associated with @entity2841 administration (40%). The overall response rate ws 39%, median duration was 12.5 months from start of treatment which allowed responding @entity1 to lead good quality life without further therapy. The question whether the combination is indeed superior to LD-Ara C alone is not settled but will be evaluated in an ongoing clinical trial.

title: A randomized phase II study of low-dose XXXX (LD-AraC) plus @entity2841 (rhGM-CSF) in @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) with a high risk of developing leukemia. EORTC Leukemia Cooperative Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia with an excess of blasts', 'RAEB']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic death']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['CMML', 'chronic myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic failure']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['cytosine arabinoside']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether @entity28 @entity1 have an increased risk of @entity13797 in their offspring, compared with average-weight @entity1 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : The study was based on information on maternal body mass index (BMI) collected in early pregnancy and on the existence of @entity13797 in the offspring, ascertained from multiple sources. The study included 1686 @entity1 who had @entity1 with an @entity13797 and as controls all delivered @entity1 (n = 988,171) during the study period, 1992 through 2001. @entity1 with @entity2008 were excluded. The @entity1 were divided into underweight (BMI <19.8), average weight (reference group, BMI 19.8 to 26), overweight (BMI 26.1 to 29), and @entity28 (BMI >29). Adjustments were made for year of birth, maternal age, parity, and maternal smoking. RESULTS: Obese (BMI >29) mothers had an overall increased risk for having an @entity1 with @entity13797 : odds ratio 1.30 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.53). This increased risk was higher when the cleft was associated with other major @entity600 than when it was isolated. There was no statistically significant difference between the risk estimates for @entity3384 and @entity2419 . CONCLUSIONS: In this large sample, a positive association appears between maternal @entity28 in early pregnancy and @entity13797 in the offspring. The explanation for this association is not known, but a relationship with undetected type 2 @entity6 is one possibility.

title: @entity28 and the risk for XXXX in the offspring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'Infants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity13797 :: ('MESH:C566121', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial clefts', 'orofacial cleft']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

answer: @entity13797 :: (MESH:C566121,Disease) :: ['orofacial clefts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a leading risk factor for @entity8 , an indicator of @entity740 . The aim of this study was to examine the association between @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) and @entity8 among adults in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS: @entity1 were enrolled from Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria. @entity8 was based on an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60   ml/ @entity1009 .73   m(2). Using logistic regression models, we conducted case-control analyses to estimate the multivariate-adjusted association of @entity2316 . RESULTS: We used data from 4815 @entity1 for whom the mean (SD) age was 48 (15) years, 41% were male and 46% had @entity2175 . Those with @entity2175 were more likely to have @entity8 [13.4% (95% CI: 11.9-14.7)] compared to those without @entity2175 [4.8% (95% CI: 4.0-5.6)], p-value <0.001. The multivariate odds ratio of @entity8 among those with @entity2175 was 1.50 (95% CI: 1.17-1.91) p-value   =   0.001, compared to those without @entity2175 . Also, individuals with @entity2175 who were at least 60   years old, @entity28 , @entity101 or dyslipidemic were more likely to have @entity8 compared to those without @entity2175 . CONCLUSION: @entity2175 was associated with 50% increased risk of @entity8 in this sample of adults from SSA. Interventions targeted at prevention, early diagnosis, and management of @entity2175 are likely to reduce the @entity8 in SSA.

title: Impact of Type 2 XXXX on Impaired Kidney Function in Sub-Saharan African Populations.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['burden of kidney disease', 'Impaired kidney function', 'impaired kidney function']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['T2D and kidney function']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: @entity2491 spp. have been investigated as live vaccine vectors because they are heat stable and can elicit humoral, cellular, and secretory immune responses. However, the expression of some foreign antigens is toxic to bacterial vectors. We therefore studied an approach for the controlled expression of antigen in @entity2491 wherein the antigen is not expressed in vitro but is expressed in vivo. A model antigen, @entity7791 , was expressed from the trc promoter on one plasmid, while repression was achieved by Lacl expressed in trans from a second plasmid. The second repressor plasmid was incompatible with the expression plasmid encoding @entity7791 . Loss by segregation of the repressor plasmid in vitro correlated with increased expression of @entity7791 . Oral inoculation of @entity19 with salmonellae containing both plasmids induced serum IgG but not nasal, salivary, or biliary IgA antibody to @entity7791 . Serum IgG as well as biliary IgA anti-S. typhimurium antibody, but not salivary or nasal IgA, were also detected. This @entity2491 vector system for the controlled expression of recombinant antigens may be of value for inducing systemic but not mucosal immunity to antigens that are toxic to bacterial vectors.

title: Use of incompatible plasmids to control expression of antigen by XXXX and analysis of immunogenicity in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['salmonella', 'Salmonella', 'Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['beta-galactosidase']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of the adrenal glands in primary @entity1368 and assess MR imaging in the detection and characterization of @entity1369 -producing @entity652 (APA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of 20 @entity1 (13 female and seven male @entity1 ; age range, 14-67 years; median age, 46 years) with primary @entity1368 who underwent 1.5-T MR imaging between 1995 and 1998. All @entity1 underwent transverse T1- and T2-weighted imaging, and chemical shift imaging was performed in 17 @entity1 . Imaging results were correlated with findings at biochemical testing, venous sampling, or surgery. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity1 , 10 (50%) had APA and 10 (50%) @entity774 ( @entity774 ). In the detection of APA, MR imaging had a sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 85%. APAs (mean size, 20 x 16 mm) were iso- or hypointense relative to the liver on T1-weighted images and slightly hyperintense on T2-weighted images. With chemical shift imaging, the signal intensity decreased on the out-of-phase images in six of seven (86%) @entity1 with APA and in eight of nine (89%) @entity1 with @entity774 . CONCLUSION: MR imaging has a high specificity in the detection of APA. As with nonhyperfunctioning @entity652 , APA and @entity774 show evidence of intracellular lipid at chemical shift imaging.

title: XXXX ( @entity1368 ): MR imaging findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['BAH', 'bilateral adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['Primary hyperaldosteronism']


abstract: Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy is essential for treatment of @entity1 with @entity0 who have a large @entity5 mass and/or regional lymph node involvement, in terms of both @entity5 shrinkage and further improvement of the survival rate. In order to safely perform breast-conservation treatment for these @entity1 , a detailed diagnostic procedure for precisely evaluating the therapeutic response is needed. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is thought to be important in the evaluation of responses to neoadjuvant therapy in @entity1 with considerably large @entity5 , however, few studies have detailed the changes, as depicted by dynamic MRI, that can be expected with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to document the changes that occur in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to correlate them with the pathological findings observed in the surgical specimen. The study was performed at Kochi Medical School Hospital from 1995 to 1998. The series consisted of 31 @entity1 with @entity0 . Prior to and after 1-5 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, dynamic MRI examinations were performed. Eight of the time-intensity curves for the 10 grade 1a @entity5 flattened during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, while two remained the same. Six of the curves flattened for the 14 grade 1b @entity5 , 7 remained the same, and one spiked. And for the seven grade 2 @entity5 , two of the curves flattened and five remained the same (p=0.0340). In the five grade 1 @entity5 , the mean after/before normalized peak signal intensity ratio was 0.42+/-0.22. In the 18 grade 2 and 8 grade 3 @entity5 , the mean normalized signal intensity ratios were 0.59+/-0.28, 0.88+/-0.10, respectively (p<0.05). In the 15 @entity5 that showed shrinkage of the linear enhancement during neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, 10 had no remarkable intraductal spreading and 9 had a negative surgical margin. In the 16 @entity5 that had no shrinkage of the linear enhancement during chemotherapy, 13 had remarkable intraductal spreading and 12 had a positive surgical margin (p<0.05). It is concluded that dynamic MRI is a valuable tool for determining @entity5 response and predicting a positive surgical margin. Breast-conservation treatment can be performed for these @entity1 by meticulous assessment using such detailed diagnostic procedures after @entity5 control by combined chemotherapy with high dose-intensity.

title: Changes in the findings of dynamic MRI by preoperative CAF chemotherapy for XXXX with @entity0 of stage II and III: pathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'stage II and III breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity151 ( @entity151 ) is a lethal disease with a very restricted armamentarium of active treatments. In the new era of targeted therapies, several attempts based on the combination of chemotherapy with new compounds has been made but with a low rate of success. The idea of using the new targeted therapies as maintenance treatment after their combination with chemotherapy has been pursued. The aim of the present study was to analyze the available clinical data regarding the effect of the targeted agents as maintenance therapy on survival in @entity1 with @entity151 . A literature-based meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, in accordance with the preferences for reported items in systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, was performed. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and a search of abstracts presented at American Society of Clinical Oncology meetings were searched for relevant studies. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Nine studies, with a total of 1385 @entity1 , were included. The pooled analysis revealed that the new targeted therapies did not improve survival compared with the control arm (placebo, hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.15; P  = .69). However, a small advantage in the 1-year OS rate (risk ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-1.63; P  = .21) was observed. Maintenance with targeted therapies failed to improve the survival of @entity1 with @entity151 with an increased rate of @entity137 . The detected survival advantage suggests that perhaps the maintenance approach could be used to increase the 1-year OS rate. However, this finding requires confirmation in further studies, perhaps of @entity1 selected according to their @entity5 biologic profile.

title: No Advantage in Survival With Targeted Therapies as Maintenance in @entity1 With Limited and XXXX : A Literature-Based Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'Small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: @entity5703 ( @entity5703 ) is a common @entity4977 characterized by elevations of plasma @entity165 and/or @entity412 in first-degree relatives. A predominance of small, dense LDL particles and elevated @entity755 ( @entity755 ) levels is commonly found in members of @entity5703 families. Many studies have investigated the genetic mechanisms determining individuals' lipid levels, in @entity5703 families. Previously, we demonstrated a major gene effect on LDL particle size and codominant Mendelian inheritance involved in determination of @entity755 levels in a sample of 40 well-defined @entity5703 families. An elevation of @entity755 levels is associated metabolically with a predominance of small, dense LDL particles in @entity5703 . To establish whether a common gene regulates both traits, we conducted a bivariate genetic analysis to test the hypothesis of a common genetic mechanism. In this study, we found that 66% of the total phenotypic correlation is due to shared genetic components. Further bivariate segregation analysis suggested that both traits share a common major gene plus individual polygenic components. This common major gene explains 37% of the variance of adjusted LDL particle size and 23% of the variance of adjusted @entity755 levels. Our study suggests that a major gene that has pleiotropic effects on LDL particle size and @entity755 levels may be the gene underlying @entity5703 in the families we studied.

title: A common genetic mechanism determines plasma XXXX levels and dense LDL subfraction distribution in familial combined hyperlipidemia.

entities_list: @entity5703 :: ('MESH:D006950', 'Disease') :: ['FCH', 'Familial combined hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apoB', 'apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid disorder']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity755 :: (338,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggested @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) might be beneficial for radiotherapy-induced @entity33 . This trial examined the efficacy of @entity2841 in reducing @entity3136 and/or oropharynx compared with conventional treatment. METHODS: @entity33 , documented by a five-grade scale, was defined in @entity1 with @entity5 of the head-neck. Centers were allowed to use their own preferred fractionation regimen. Randomization to treatment was decided before radiotherapy. Treatment with @entity2841 4 microg/kg/d subcutaneous, started when @entity1 displayed a @entity33 score > or = 1.5. RESULTS: Ninety-two @entity1 entered the study according to intention-to-treat principle. Twenty did not reach a @entity33 index of 1.5. Sixty-one @entity1 were included in the statistical analysis. Forty-five percent of the @entity1 randomized to receive @entity2841 had a significant reduction of the @entity33 more than one grade compared to 9% of the conventional treated. CONCLUSIONS: In severe @entity33 , @entity2841 is more effective than conventional treatment.

title: Therapeutic efficacy by recombinant XXXX granulocyte/monocyte-colony stimulating factor on @entity33 occurring in @entity1 with @entity5 treated with curative radiotherapy: a multicenter open randomized phase III study.

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis', 'Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with @entity3557 (PTC and @entity6888 , respectively) risk, but few have replicated. After analyzing 17525 tag SNPs in 1129 candidate genes, we found associations with PTC risk in @entity10854 , @entity18957 , @entity48227 (near @entity48228 ) and other genes. Here, we report results from a replication effort in a large independent PTC/ @entity6888 case-control study conducted in Germany. We evaluated the best tagging SNPs from our previous PTC study and additionally included SNPs in or near @entity48228 and @entity7457 genes, known susceptibility loci for @entity259 . We genotyped 422 PTC and 130 @entity6888 cases and 752 controls recruited from three German clinical centers. We used polytomous logistic regression to simultaneously estimate PTC and @entity6888 associations for 79 SNPs based on log-additive models. We assessed effect modification by body mass index (BMI), gender and age for all SNPs, and selected SNP by @entity4982 interactions. We confirmed associations with PTC and SNPs in @entity48228 / @entity48227 , @entity10854 ( @entity48229 ), @entity18957 ( @entity48230 ), @entity9710 ( @entity48231 ), @entity26241 ( @entity48232 ) and @entity22579 ( @entity48233 ) genes. We found associations with SNPs in @entity48228 , @entity10854 , @entity18957 , @entity26241 and @entity6643 and @entity6888 . We found two significant interactions between @entity18957 ( @entity48230 ) and BMI (P = 0.0321) and between @entity26241 ( @entity48232 ) and @entity48228 ( @entity48234 ) (P = 0.0006). Besides the known associations with @entity48228 SNPs, we confirmed additional PTC SNP associations reported previously. We also found several new associations with @entity6888 risk and noteworthy interactions. We conclude that multiple variants and host factors might interact in complex ways to increase risk of PTC and @entity6888 .

title: Selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms in @entity48228 , @entity10854 , @entity18957 , @entity9710 , @entity26241 and @entity22579 are associated with XXXX risk: replication study in a German population.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary and follicular thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary and follicular thyroid cancer']


abstract: Although medically inoperable @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) are often treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy, its efficacy can be compromised due to poor radiosensitivity of @entity5 cells. Inhibition of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) using @entity47716 and @entity23728 has been demonstrated to radiosensitize @entity5 cells such as @entity0 , @entity463 , and @entity2 . Our previous results have demonstrated that another potent and selective inhibitor of @entity2533 receptor kinases, @entity21795 , could radiosensitize @entity1 cells both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated whether @entity21795 could radiosensitize other @entity1149 cell lines, trying to explore the potential implication of this @entity2533 inhibitor in radiotherapy for @entity1149 @entity1 . The results showed that A549 cells were significantly radiosensitized by @entity21795 , whereas no radiosensitizing effect was observed in H1299 cells. Interestingly, both @entity1 and A549 cells have wild-type @entity876 , while H1299 cells have deficient @entity876 . To study whether the radiosensitizing effect of @entity21795 was associated with @entity876 status of @entity5 cells, the @entity876 of @entity1 cells was silenced using shRNA transfection. Then it was found that the radiosensitizing effect of @entity21795 on @entity1 cells was not observed in @entity1 cells with silenced @entity876 . Moreover, X-irradiation caused rapid @entity2536 activation in @entity1 and A549 cells but not in H1299 and @entity1 cells with silenced @entity876 . The @entity2536 activation postirradiation could be abolished by @entity21795 . This may explain the lack of radiosensitizing effect of @entity21795 in H1299 and @entity1 cells with silenced @entity876 . Thus, we concluded that the radiosensitizing effect of inhibition of @entity2533 signaling in @entity1149 cells by @entity21795 was @entity876 dependent, suggesting that using @entity2533 inhibitor in radiotherapy may be more complicated than previously thought and may need further investigation.

title: Radiosensitization of XXXX Cells by Inhibition of @entity2533 Signaling With @entity21795 Is Dependent on @entity876 Status.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer cells']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity63 and reperfusion can impair anastomotic strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of delayed colon @entity254 following remote @entity63 -reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS: @entity35 divided into two groups underwent bilateral groin incisions, however only the study group had femoral artery clamping to inflict IR injury. Twenty-four hours following this insult, the animals underwent laparotomy, incision of the transverse colon and reanastomosis. End points included @entity834 , strength and histopathological features. RESULTS: @entity834 among IR animals (22.2%) was not statistically different in comparison to the controls [10.5% (p   =   0.40)]. Anastomotic mean burst pressures showed no statistically significant difference [150.6        15.57  mmHg in the control group vs. 159.9        9.88  mmHg in the IR group (p   =   0.64)]. The acute inflammatory process in the IR group was similar to controls (p   =   0.26), as was the chronic repair process (p   =   0.88). There was no significant difference between the @entity32 :repair ratios amongst the two groups (p   =   0.67). CONCLUSION: Primary colon repair is safe when performed 24  hours following @entity5721 .

title: Examining the safety of colon XXXX on a @entity35 model of @entity63 -reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['systemic IR injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of latex sensitization in a group of @entity1 with @entity1494 , and to determine the role of associated risk factors, e.g. atopy, and the number and duration of surgical and anaesthetic procedures. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study comprised 17 @entity1 (15 @entity1 and two young adults) affected by @entity1494 who had undergone multiple surgical procedures. Skin-prick tests and specific immunoglobulin-E (IgE) assays against latex, food allergens cross-reacting with latex and @entity4185 were carried out. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 showed latex sensitization and five showed symptoms related to latex exposure, the most common of which was contact @entity110 (four of the symptomatic @entity1 ). Intraoperative anaphylactic reaction had led to life-threatening events in only one @entity1 . Latex-specific IgE determined both by the prick test and assay was positive in all those with symptoms. Specific @entity20687 against @entity4185 and foods were present in four of five symptomatic @entity1 . In the seven sensitized @entity1 with no clinical symptoms, the assay was positive in all, while the skin-prick test was positive only in four; specific @entity20687 against @entity4185 were present in three of the seven. In the five @entity1 not allergic and not latex-sensitized, only one showed allergic sensitization against grass pollen and mite allergen. None of the @entity1 without latex antibodies had symptoms of @entity2144 . Symptomatic @entity1 had a undergone significantly more hours of surgery, more cystography and had used intermittent catheterization for longer than those with no symptoms. CONCLUSION: A third of @entity1 with @entity1494 showed latex symptoms and another third had latex sensitization. Multiple surgical procedures and atopy play a major role in the development of latex hypersensitivity

title: XXXX in subjects who had undergone multiple surgical procedures for @entity1494 : relationship with clinical intervention and atopic diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['latex allergy']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['inhalant allergens']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity2144 :: (MESH:D020315,Disease) :: ['Latex allergy']


abstract: For swimming pools, it is generally agreed that free @entity3878 levels have to be maintained to guarantee adequate disinfection. Recommended free @entity3878 levels can vary between 0.3 and 0.6 mg/L in Germany and up to 3 mg/L in other countries. Bathers introduce considerable amounts of organic matter, mainly in the form of such as urine and sweat, into the pool water. As a consequence, disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are formed. Regulations in Germany recommend levels of combined @entity3878 of less than 0.2 mg/L and levels of @entity26625 (THMs) of less than 20 microg/L. @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ), haloacetonitriles (HANs), @entity46432 and @entity22292 are also detected in considerable amounts. However, these compounds are not regulated yet. Swimming pool staff and swimmers, especially @entity2587 , are primarily exposed to these byproducts by inhalation and/or dermal uptake. In Germany, new regulations for swimming pool water treatment generally require the use of activated @entity505 . In this project, three different types of granular activated @entity505 (GAC) (one standard GAC, two catalytic GACs) are compared for their long time behaviour in pool water treatment. In a pilot plant operated with real swimming pool water, production and removal of disinfection byproducts (THMs, @entity7245 , AOXs), of biodegradable substances (AOC), of bacteria ( @entity796 , Legionella, coliforms, @entity4306 ) as well as the removal of @entity3878 and @entity13492 are monitored as function of GAC bed depth. Combined @entity3878 penetrates deeper in the filter bed than free @entity3878 does. However, both, free and combined @entity3878 removal efficiencies decrease over the time of filter operation. The @entity393 are also observed for parameters such as dissolved organic @entity505 , spectral absorption coefficient, adsorbable organic @entity505 and most of the disinfection byproducts. However, THMs, especially @entity3636 are produced in the filter bed. The GAC beds were contaminated microbially, especially with @entity796 . The contamination was not removable by backwashing with @entity3878 concentrations up to 2 mg/l free @entity3878 .

title: Disinfection by-products and microbial contamination in the treatment of pool water with granular activated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13492 :: ('MESH:D002700', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramines']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['HAAs', 'Haloacetic acids']

entities_list: @entity26625 :: ('MESH:D022882', 'Chemical') :: ['trihalomethanes']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity46432 :: ('MESH:C100187', 'Chemical') :: ['chloropicrin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreases of removal efficiencies']

entities_list: @entity22292 :: ('MESH:D002697', 'Chemical') :: ['chloral hydrate']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: @entity12198 form a significant cause of psychomotor delay and @entity302 in @entity1 . Pediatric neurology services are available at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, which is a tertiary care hospital for the whole country. The @entity1 undergoing evaluation for @entity245 and @entity302 formed the subjects of the study. Data were analyzed from @entity1 found to have @entity12198 on imaging (computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). There were 40 cases of @entity12198 . @entity6789 agenesis and @entity12199 or @entity12199 formed the major group. There were 22 cases of @entity6789 agenesis, 12 of @entity12199 or @entity12199 , 2 of @entity15260 , and 1 each of @entity8568 , @entity10146 , hydranecephaly, and @entity6788 . Nineteen of these 40 (47.5%) cases of @entity12198 had @entity302 . The break-down was 8 of 22 cases of @entity6789 agenesis (36%), 7 of 12 (58.3%) cases of @entity12199 or @entity12199 , and 1 each of @entity8568 , @entity7975 , and @entity6788 . The family history of @entity245 , similar to the index case, was present in two @entity1 with @entity12199 . However, the brain imaging did not reveal the abnormality. The types of @entity410 were @entity739 in five, tonic-clonic in nine, @entity2045 in two, partial in one, and mixed in five. Nineteen of 40 cases of @entity12198 had @entity302 . Only 2 of 19 (10.5%) with @entity302 had good seizure control. This raises the possibility of more and more surgical intervention in the management of such cases. @entity12198 are related to exogenous and genetic factors from the 6th to 26th weeks of gestation. Molecular and genetic research is defining the mechanism of these disorders. This could help in early diagnosis, prevention, and eventual gene therapy in such conditions.

title: Pattern of childhood XXXX with @entity12198 in Oman.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity15260 :: ('MESH:C538514', 'Disease') :: ['schizencephaly']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic']

entities_list: @entity7975 :: ('MESH:D006832', 'Disease') :: ['hydranencephaly']

entities_list: @entity8568 :: ('MESH:D065706', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrogyria']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity12198 :: ('MESH:D054081', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal migrational disorders', 'Neuronal migrational disorders']

entities_list: @entity12199 :: ('MESH:D054082', 'Disease') :: ['pachygyria', 'lissencephaly']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity10146 :: ('MESH:D016142', 'Disease') :: ['holoprosencephaly']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'intractable epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['Corpus callosum', 'corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity6788 :: ('MESH:D065705', 'Disease') :: ['hemimegalencephaly']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent meta-analysis has questioned the value of bowel preparation in @entity1 undergoing colorectal resection. The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate whether a single @entity1391 enema was as effective as oral @entity968 ( @entity970 ) solution in preventing @entity834 . METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to receive either a single @entity1391 enema or 3 litres of oral @entity970 solution before surgery. @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 6 weeks to detect @entity834 . RESULTS: There were 147 @entity1 in each group and the groups were evenly matched for putative risk factors at baseline. @entity1 in the enema group had more @entity834 requiring reoperation than those in the @entity970 group (4.1 versus 0 per cent, P = 0.013; relative risk 2.04 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.82 to 2.30)). The mortality rate was higher in the @entity970 group (2.7 versus 0.7 per cent, P = 0.176; odds ratio 1.62 (95 per cent c.i. 0.45 to 36.98)). CONCLUSION: Bowel preparation with a @entity1391 enema was associated with an increased risk of @entity834 requiring reoperation compared with oral @entity970 . These results do not support the routine use of a @entity1391 enema in @entity1 undergoing elective colorectal surgery.

title: Randomized clinical trial of bowel preparation with a single XXXX enema or @entity968 before elective colorectal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: Cellular stress elicited by the toxic metal @entity3280 does not coerce the cell into committing to die from the onset. Rather, detoxification and adaptive processes are triggered concurrently, allowing survival until normal function is restored. With high @entity3280 , @entity204 pathways predominate. However, if sublethal stress levels affect cells for prolonged periods, as in chronic low @entity3280 exposure, adaptive and survival mechanisms may deregulate, such that tumorigenesis ensues. Hence, @entity204 and @entity5 are the two ends of a continuum of cellular responses to @entity3280 , determined by magnitude and duration of @entity3280 stress. Signaling cascades are the key factors affecting cellular reactions to @entity3280 . This review critically surveys recent literature to outline major features of @entity204 and survival signaling pathways as well as their activation, interactions and cross talk in cells exposed to @entity3280 . Under physiological conditions, receptor activation generates 2nd messengers, which are short-lived and act specifically on effectors through their spatial and temporal dynamics to transiently alter effector activity. @entity3280 recruits physiological 2nd messenger systems, in particular @entity141 and reactive @entity26 species (ROS), which control key @entity141 - and redox-sensitive molecular switches dictating cell function and fate. Severe ROS/ @entity141 signals activate cell @entity204 effectors ( @entity9932 , @entity25087 -JNK/ @entity3963 , calpains, caspases) and/or cause irreversible damage to vital organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas low localized ROS/ @entity141 levels act as 2nd messengers promoting cellular adaptation and survival through signal transduction ( @entity1366 , @entity10412 /Akt-PKB) and transcriptional regulators ( @entity7427 - @entity13791 , NF-kB, Wnt, @entity1178 , @entity35265 ). Other cellular proteins and processes targeted by ROS/ @entity141 (metallothioneins, @entity588 proteins, ubiquitin-proteasome system, ER stress-associated unfolded protein response, autophagy, cell cycle) can evoke @entity204 or survival. Hence, temporary or permanent disruptions of ROS/ @entity141 induced by @entity3280 play a crucial role in eliciting, modulating and linking downstream cell @entity204 and adaptive and survival signaling cascades.

title: Cadmium and cellular signaling cascades: interactions between cell XXXX and survival pathways.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9932 :: ('MESH:D002518', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramides']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Among its multiple toxic effects, @entity4445 induces @entity56 that may reduce its biological effect. The impact of @entity56 on the duration of @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ) was assessed in adults with newly diagnosed @entity981 ( @entity981 ) receiving intensive multi-agent chemotherapy. In CALGB study 8811 (Blood 1995; 85: 2025-2037), 197 adults were scheduled to receive 14 doses of @entity526 coil @entity4445 (6000 U/m2 SC) during 7 of the first 12 weeks of chemotherapy. No further @entity4445 was given. Chemotherapy was given for 24 months. The median follow-up time has been 5.7 years. Of the 141 @entity1 who remained on study after 12 weeks, 82 (58%) had received all 14 planned doses; 38 (27%) had 12-13 @entity4445 doses documented in their treatment record; 21 (15%) @entity1 had received < or =11 doses due to a variety of toxic effects. The mean number of doses received prior to experiencing any @entity56 reaction was seven (range 1-11). Seven @entity1 had mild @entity56 , but all seven eventually received 12-14 doses of E. coil @entity4445 . Twenty-one other @entity1 had severe @entity56 that required discontinuation of E. coil @entity4445 ; 20 of these @entity1 were switched to Erwinia @entity4445 to complete their treatment. Ultimately, 12 of these 20 @entity1 received 14 doses of @entity4445 in total, and six received 12-13 doses. Thus, only three of the 21 @entity1 who had severe @entity56 received < or =11 total @entity4445 doses. Other @entity4445 -related complications included @entity788 (15 @entity1 ), @entity6805 <100mg/dl (29 @entity1 ), and @entity1150 or @entity1151 (eight @entity1 ); some of these @entity1 had @entity4445 discontinued after these complications. The estimates for @entity1778 at 3 years were 55% (95% confidence interval, 44-65%) for the @entity1 who received all 14 @entity4445 doses (median @entity1778 , 5.1 years), 47% (95% CI, 33-62%) for those who received 12-13 doses, and 48% (95% CI, 29-67%) for those who received < or =11 doses. There were no significant differences between these three groups in the length of @entity1778 (P=0.68). @entity1778 did not correlate with a history of severe @entity56 reaction (P=0.67). In general, E. coil @entity4445 was well tolerated in these adult @entity1 , and most @entity1 received all of the planned therapy. @entity1 who had mild @entity4445 @entity56 and @entity1 who switched to Erwinia @entity4445 because of more severe @entity56 did not have significantly shorter @entity1778 than the remaining adults treated on this @entity981 protocol. The possibility that @entity526 @entity4445 is inactivated or destroyed in those individuals who have become hypersensitive to it becomes less important when @entity56 @entity1 are secondarily treated with Erwinia @entity4445 .

title: @entity56 reactions to XXXX do not impact on the remission duration of adults with @entity981 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['LFS', 'leukemia-free survival']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reactions', 'allergic', 'allergic reactions', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity6805 :: ('MESH:C531603', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity4445 :: (80150,Gene) :: ['L-asparaginase']


abstract: Though exercise training is part of most pulmonary rehabilitation programs, whether there is a physiologic basis for increased exercise tolerance is unclear. We sought to determine whether @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) are capable of obtaining a physiologic training effect, as manifested by a reduction in blood @entity880 and ventilation (VE) at a given level of exercise. We also sought to determine whether training work rate determines the size of the training effect. Nineteen @entity1 with @entity1030 of predominantly moderate severity in an inpatient rehabilitation program performed two cycle ergometer exercise tests at a low and a high work rate for 15 min or to tolerance and also an incremental exercise test to tolerance. Arterial blood was sampled for blood gas and @entity880 analyses. Identical tests were performed before and after 5-day-per-week cycle ergometer training for 8 wk either for 45 min/day at a high work rate (average, 71 W) or for a proportionally longer time at a low work rate (average, 30 W). Average FEV1 was 56 +/- 12% predicted and did not change with training. Peak exercise @entity880 (average, 6.5 mEq/L) was not correlated with FEV1. For the high work rate training group, identical work rates engendered less @entity880 (4.5 versus 7.2 mEq/L) and less VE (48 versus 55 L/min) after training; the low work rate training group had significantly less @entity880 and VE decrease (p less than 0.01). Further, endurance time for the high constant work rate increased 73% in the high work rate training group but only 9% in the low work rate training group. At identical work rates, VE decrease average 2.5 L/min per mEq/L decrease in @entity880 (r = 0.75). We conclude that most @entity1030 subjects studied increased blood @entity880 at low work rates. Many of these @entity1 were able to achieve a physiologic training effect. Though total work was the same, training at a high work rate was more effective than was training at a low work rate. The lower VE requirement to perform exercise was in proportion to the lower @entity880 level, but the VE decrease for a given decrease in @entity880 was smaller than that seen in normal subjects (7.2 L/min/mEq/L), apparently because @entity1 with @entity1030 fall to hyperventilate in response to @entity8193 (Pa @entity515 does not drop). These findings provide a physiologic rationale for exercise training of @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: Reductions in exercise XXXX and ventilation as a result of exercise training in @entity1 with obstructive lung disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity8193 :: (MESH:D000140,Disease) :: ['lactic acidosis']


abstract: 103 @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity7905 were identified from the RT/BCNU arms of 3 RTOG @entity11 trials. Pre-treatment @entity5 size was less than 5 cm for 48% and greater than or equal to 5 cm for 52%, and @entity5 sites were frontal lobe in 55%, temporal in 25%, and parietal in 16%. Surgery consisted of biopsy for 30%, partial resection for 56%, and total resection for 14%. Extent of surgery correlated with age, with 81% of @entity1 less than 40 undergoing partial/total resection vs. 60% of those over 40 (P = 0.019). The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 undergoing partial/total resection was 49 mo., vs. 18 mo. for those biopsied only (P = 0.002). @entity1 with frontal location had longer @entity1349 than those with @entity75 ( @entity1349 : 49 vs. 25 mo., P = 0.047), while no survival difference was apparent by univariate analysis of @entity5 size. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only younger age, frontal location, and smaller @entity5 size correlated significantly with extended survival. Extent of surgery was not predictive. The close correlation between young age and extensive surgery obscures the survival advantage for greater surgery seen with univariate analysis. Smaller @entity5 size and frontal location favorably influence outcome even when adjusted by age.

title: Does extent of surgery influence outcome for astrocytoma with atypical or XXXX ( @entity7905 )? A report from three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['non-frontal lesions']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity7905 :: (MESH:C565785,Disease) :: ['anaplastic foci']


abstract: A siderophore from a root-colonizing, plant-beneficial fluorescent @entity15250 ( @entity15250 type A1) isolated from @entity13474 rhizosphere was studied. Culture conditions required for optimal production of the chromophore by the organism were standardized. The compound was purified by gel filtration, ion exchange and RP-HPLC chromatographic procedures. The purified compound exhibited siderophore activity for P. putida and antifungal activity on phytopathogens, @entity4278 @entity10327 . ciceri and Helminthosporium oryzae. Growth inhibition of the pathogens was observed under @entity68 -deficient conditions. Complete acid hydrolysis of the compound revealed that it is a peptide containing Asx, Thr, Glx, @entity2596 , His, Lys, Ser and @entity4022 . Spectral analysis revealed that it contains @entity21636 -based chromophore in addition to an aromatic residue and the molecular weight of the compound was 1.5 kDa. EPR analysis of the peptide-chromophore- @entity68 complex showed that the compound binds to @entity68 and the bound @entity68 was in the @entity596 oxidation state having a high spin d(5) system. The peptide-chromophore- @entity68 complex takes a turn structure in solution as shown by circular dichroism spectroscopy, a feature which was hitherto not known for other siderophores. The siderophore studied here is unique in this respect but otherwise strikingly similar to other pseudobactin-type siderophores of plant growth-promoting and plant-deleterious pseudomonads. The possible functional significance of the compound is discussed in relation to the secondary structure described earlier for siderophores.

title: A siderophore from XXXX type A1: structural and biological characterization.

entities_list: @entity15250 :: ('303', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas', 'P. putida']

entities_list: @entity21636 :: ('CHEBI:38774', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyquinoline']

entities_list: @entity4278 :: ('5507', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium oxysporum']

answer: @entity15250 :: (303,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas putida']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare bronchodilation, chronotropic effects, and side effects of the same dose of nebulized @entity3045 when given by either intermittent or continuous administration. DESIGN: A randomized assignment of @entity1 to one of the two methods of @entity3045 nebulization. SETTING: Adult emergency department in an urban public hospital. TYPE OF @entity1 : Adult @entity1 with acute exacerbations of @entity565 . INTERVENTIONS: Administration of 30 mg @entity3045 given over 110 minutes by either continuous or intermittent aerosolization. MEASUREMENTS: FEV1, forced vital capacity, @entity551 were measured immediately before treatment and then hourly for two hours. Side effects, symptoms, subsequent admission, and discharge also were noted. MAIN RESULTS: An overall significant decrease in heart rate was observed, indicating the lack of significant chronotropic effects with this dose of @entity3045 . Both treatments resulted in significant spirometric improvement without a significant treatment difference for the entire group. A difference, however, was found in the relative rates of FEV1 improvement with the two treatments depending on whether @entity1 had an initial FEV1 less than or more than 50% predicted (P = .05). A secondary analysis on @entity1 with an initial FEV1 less than percent predicted demonstrated a higher rate of percent predicted FEV1 increase with the continuously nebulized @entity3045 group (P = .03). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that @entity3045 can be given safely at this dose by either intermittent or continuous nebulization. Future studies should examine whether continuous nebulization has a reproducible advantage over intermittent nebulization in @entity1 with more severe obstruction.

title: Continuous versus intermittent @entity3045 nebulization in the treatment of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1957 ( @entity1957 ) were monitored during @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) repair to assess @entity2759 and evaluate the subsequent protective strategies to prevent @entity51 . METHODS: Between January 1996 and December 1997, 52 consecutive @entity1 with type I (n = 24) and type II (n = 28) @entity2334 underwent surgery (mean @entity1 age, 60 years; range, 21-78 years). The surgical protocol included left heart bypass, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and monitoring transcranial myogenic @entity1957 . When @entity2759 was detected, distal aortic pressure and mean arterial pressure were increased. By means of sequential crossclamping, @entity1957 were used to identify critical @entity432 . RESULTS: Reproducible @entity1957 could be recorded in all @entity1 , and @entity2759 was detected within 2 minutes. During distal aortic perfusion, 14 @entity1 (27%) showed rapid decrease in the amplitude of @entity1957 to less than 25% of baseline, indicating @entity2759 , which could be corrected by increasing distal aortic pressure. The mean distal aortic pressure to maintain adequate cord perfusion was 66 mm Hg; however, it varied among individuals between 48 and 110 mm Hg. In 24 @entity1 (46%), @entity1957 disappeared after segmental clamping and returned after reattachment of intercostal arteries. In 9 @entity1 (17%), @entity1957 disappeared completely, but no intercostal arteries were found. After aortic endarterectomy, 6 or 8 mm Dacron grafts were anastomosed to intercostal arteries, and @entity1957 returned after reperfusion. Using this aggressive surgical approach based on @entity1957 , no early or late @entity451 occurred in this series. CONCLUSION: Monitoring of @entity1957 is an effective technique to assess @entity2759 . Operative strategies based on @entity1957 prevented @entity51 in @entity1 treated for type I and II @entity2334 .

title: Strategies to prevent XXXX based on motor-evoked potentials in @entity2334 repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['Motor-evoked potentials', 'MEPs']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm', 'TAAA']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['intercostal or lumbar arteries']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['neurologic deficit']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2167 is a recently described disorder in which @entity1 demonstrate @entity393 for pure tones, @entity2414 out of proportion to pure tone loss, @entity2167 , and normal outer hair cell function as measured by otoacoustic emissions and cochlear microphonics. We have identified eight pediatric @entity1 having @entity393 that are most likely due to a @entity4237 . In this study, the results of audiologic testing performed with these eight @entity1 are described. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of audiologic findings in eight @entity1 with @entity2167 . METHODS: Each subject was tested with pure tone and speech audiologic testing, auditory brainstem response, and click-evoked otoacoustic emissions. Results of these tests were tabulated and summarized. RESULTS: Pure tone audiologic testing revealed five @entity1 with upsloping @entity1274 , two with high frequency loss, and one with a mild, flat configuration. Six @entity1 demonstrated poor word discrimination scores, and the other two had fair to good word discrimination. All eight subjects had normal distortion product and transient otoacoustic emissions. All eight @entity1 demonstrated absent or marked @entity854 auditory evoked potentials. These findings suggest that while cochlear outer hair cell function is normal, the lesion is located at the eighth nerve. CONCLUSIONS: Recent advances in otoacoustic emissions testing permit differentiation of @entity1274 from @entity1274 . This paper describes the clinical presentation and audiologic findings in @entity2167 , as well as the recommended management of these @entity1 . Otolaryngologists should be aware of this disorder and implications for its management, which differs from treatment of @entity1274 .

title: XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory neuropathy', 'Auditory neuropathy', 'pediatric auditory neuropathy', 'absent or abnormal auditory brainstem responses']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired word discrimination']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy of the eighth nerve']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of brainstem']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'sensory deafness', 'neural deafness']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing deficits']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['Auditory neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An association between treatment for @entity191 with certain dopaminergic drugs and development of @entity299 has been reported. Recent studies in hyperprolactinaemic @entity1 treated with @entity9229 ( @entity14137 ) have shown either no significant findings or mild @entity997 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity299 in @entity1 with hyperprolactinaemic conditions chronically treated with @entity14137 or @entity2847 (BR). DESIGN: Retrospective, multicentric, cross-sectional study of cases vs controls. @entity1 : Eighty-three hyperprolactinaemic @entity1 (15 @entity1 , 68 @entity1 aged 16  7-63 years; 64% @entity2013 , 28% @entity2013 and 8% other etiologies) from three Spanish university hospitals chronically treated with BR (14-562  5 weeks, cumulative dose 5603    7729 mg) or @entity14137 (12-765 weeks, 217  4    306  6 mg). MEASUREMENTS: Transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of @entity340 and thickening, mitral valve tenting area and left-ventricular ejection fraction from 83 @entity1 were compared with results from 58 age- and sex-matched controls and correlated with cumulative doses of dopaminergic drugs. RESULTS: No significant differences in @entity340 , valve thickness or any other echocardiographic parameter were observed between controls and @entity1 , except for 15 @entity1 in the higher quartile of @entity14137 cumulative dose (>180 mg), with increased prevalence of mild @entity997 (6/15, 40% vs 8/58, 13  8%, P = 0  024; OR 4  1; 1  1-14  9). High BR cumulative dose was associated with no significant findings. CONCLUSIONS: No increased valvular involvement was found after long-term dopaminergic therapy for @entity4089 except for a significant increase in mild @entity997 associated with high cumulative doses of @entity14137 ; BR seems spared from this adverse effect, although the low number of cases limits this analysis. Cumulative dose registry and long-term studies are warranted to definitely clarify this item.

title: No clinically significant XXXX in long-term @entity9229 treatment for @entity2013 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['macroprolactinomas', 'microprolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valve impairment', 'cardiac valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular regurgitation']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of a community-based @entity1 population with incidentally discovered asymptomatic and @entity5036 (BBB). @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort study was undertaken of @entity1 in Olmsted County, Minnesota, who were evaluated between 1975 and 1999 and were incidentally diagnosed as having BBB. We performed Kaplan-Meier analyses of all-cause mortality and development of first cardiac morbidity after the diagnosis of BBB, along with matched control group comparisons. RESULTS: A total of 723 @entity1 with @entity18151 ( @entity18151 ) (58.1%) and right BBB (41.9%) met criteria. Mortality was higher in @entity1 with BBB compared with controls (absolute difference of approximately 10% over 20 years; hazard ratio = 1.27; confidence interval, 1.02-1.58; P=.03) as was the development of first cardiac-related morbidity (hazard ratio = 1.32; confidence interval, 1.14-1.54; P<.001). @entity1 with BBB and without the risk factors of @entity6 , @entity101 , and/or @entity1007 showed increased long-term mortality compared with matched controls (no BBB) also without risk factors (P=.02). However, comparable mortality was shown between @entity1 with BBB who did not have these risk factors and matched control @entity1 who had these risk factors. The risk of developing cardiac-related morbidity also was increased in the presence of BBB, particularly @entity18151 . CONCLUSIONS: Uncomplicated asymptomatic BBB (notably @entity18151 ) with normal left ventricular ejection fraction is not benign. Our findings indicate that the presence of isolated BBB denotes a high-risk @entity1 subgroup that has a compromised long-term outcome comparable to @entity1 with conventional cardiovascular risk factors.

title: Risk factor implications of incidentally discovered XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['uncomplicated bundle branch block']

answer: @entity5036 :: (OMIM:113900,Disease) :: ['uncomplicated bundle branch block']