abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6459 (CD105) has been considered a prognostic marker for @entity157 ( @entity157 ), and widely used as an appropriate targeting for antiangenesis therapy in some @entity5 . Our aim was to evaluate the distribution and expression of CD105 in the liver of @entity1 with @entity157 , and to discuss whether CD105 may be used as an appropriate targeting for antiangenesis therapy in @entity157 . METHODS: Three parts of liver tissues from each of 64 @entity1 with @entity157 were collected: @entity5 tissues (TT), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) liver tissues within 2 cm, and @entity8650 ( @entity8650 ) 5 cm far from the @entity5 edge. Liver samples from 8 @entity1 without @entity409 served as @entity23 ( @entity23 ). The distribution and expression of CD105 in tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting analysis, and real-time PCR. @entity7738 and @entity1655 protein levels in tissues were analyzed by Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis or ELISA. RESULTS: CD105 was positively stained mostly in a subset of microvessels 'endothelial sprouts' in TT of all @entity1 while CD105 showed diffuse positive staining, predominantly on hepatic sinus endothelial cells in the surrounding of draining veins in @entity8650 and @entity5 . The mean score of @entity11409 -CD105 (mean +/- SD/0.74 mm2) was 19.00 +/- 9.08 in @entity23 , 153.12 +/- 53.26 in @entity8650 , 191.12 +/- 59.17 in @entity5 , and 85.43 +/- 44.71 in TT, respectively. Using a paired t test, the expression of CD105 in @entity5 and @entity8650 was higher than in TT at protein ( @entity11409 , p = 0.012 and p = 0.007, respectively) and mRNA levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009, respectively). Moreover, distribution and expression of CD105 protein were consistent with those of @entity7738 and @entity1655 protein in liver of @entity1 with @entity157 . The level of CD105 mRNA correlated with @entity1655 level in @entity8650 (r = 0.790, p = 0.002), @entity5 (r = 0.723, p < 0.001), and TT (r = 0.473, p = 0.048), respectively. CONCLUSION: It is demonstrated that CD105 was not only present in neovessels in @entity5 tissues, but also more abundant in hepatic sinus endothelium in @entity5 tissues with @entity82 . Therefore, CD105 may not be an appropriate targeting for antiangenesis therapy in @entity157 , especially with @entity82 .

title: Particular distribution and expression pattern of @entity6459 (CD105) in the liver of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['TF', 'tumor free tissues']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'AT', 'adjacent non-tumor', 'non-tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: We have examined the effect of cytosolic @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) on neurite outgrowth in two neuronal cells, cerebellar granule cells and N1E-115 @entity521 cells. The set point [ @entity141 ]i in unstimulated cells bathed in normal extracellular medium was 37 nM and 108 nM, respectively. When we altered extracellular @entity460 concentration to cause small excursions of [ @entity141 ]i either above or below the set point, neurite outgrowth from granule cells declined. Thus granule cells show the bell-shaped dependence of neurite outgrowth on [ @entity141 ]i characteristic of sensory and other neurones [Dev. Brain Res., 70 (1992) 287-290; The Axon, Oxford University Press, New York, 1994]. In contrast, neurite outgrowth from N1E-115 cells increased monotonically as [ @entity141 ]i was reduced. This result, which is consistent with results obtained by studying individual growth cones [J. Neurosci., 9 (1989) 4007-4020], implies that these transformed cells are aberrant in having no bell-shaped dependence of neurite outgrowth on [ @entity141 ]i. In both cell types an increase of [ @entity141 ]i above the set point reduced neurite outgrowth. However, this decline did not persist as [ @entity141 ]i was set to increasingly high levels by increasing extracellular @entity460 . Rather, in both cell types, an increase of extracellular @entity460 above 6.9 mM produced a second, increasing phase of neurite outgrowth.

title: Biphasic effect of XXXX on neurite outgrowth in @entity521 and cerebellar granule cells.

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2108 is an aggressive @entity784 . It rarely involves the urinary bladder, with just twelve cases reported thus far and only one being @entity7041 -negative. Immunophenotyping (particularly for @entity7041 ) is mandatory, both for prognostic and therapeutic reasons. Herein, we report the case of a @entity1 with an @entity7041 -negative @entity2108 involving the bladder which was diagnosed and fully characterized by immunocytochemistry in urine cytology. The @entity1 underwent a cystoscopy and the urine sample disclosed @entity5 diathesis background and aggregates of atypical cells, with evidence of multinucleation and mitotic figures. Immunocytochemistry revealed strong membrane/Golgi positivity for @entity5823 and negativity for @entity7041 . The @entity1 was submitted to transurethral resection for therapeutic purposes, which confirmed the diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this represents only the third case of @entity2108 with bladder involvement diagnosed in urine cytology and the very first with diagnostic findings allowing for immunophenotyping of the disease in a bladder wash. The present report reinforces the role of urine cytology as a suitable method for establishing an earlier diagnosis and characterization of the disease, avoiding submitting @entity1 to invasive procedures like transurethral resections. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017.    2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity7041 -negative XXXX with urinary bladder involvement diagnosed in urine cytology: A case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphoma', 'Anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity2108 :: (MESH:D017728,Disease) :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphoma']


abstract: A 17-year-old @entity1 with @entity1264 was admitted to our hospital because of progressive @entity1353 on exertion. A chest X-ray film showed a massive left @entity1143 . Thoracentesis revealed dark blood. Hemothorax was diagnosed, and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was done. DSA revealed a large mass that was supplied with blood via the inferior phrenic artery, but revealed no active @entity548 . An intercostal tube was inserted and 1700 ml of dark blood was drained. A chest X-ray film taken after drainage revealed a giant mass showing an extra-pleural sign in the left lung field. A thoracotomy was done to determine the source of @entity548 . A @entity5 with hypervascular tissue was seen, and was diagnosed as a @entity5 . No spontaneous @entity548 from the artery was seen. The source of the hemothorax was believed to be @entity548 from the @entity5 vessels. The @entity5 was treated conservatively, but it continued to grow rapidly and the @entity1 died of @entity1576 . Five other @entity1 have been reported to have hemothorax associated with @entity1264 . The sources of the hemothorax were reported to be @entity548 from @entity5 vessels, or spontaneous rupture of the subclavian artery, an intercostal artery, or an intercostal vein.

title: [A case of @entity1264 associated with a hemothorax due to a rapidly growing XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['giant tumor', 'tumor', 'malignant schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["Von Recklinghausen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant schwannoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between serum acute-phase proteins and high disease activity evaluated by activity score (DAS28) in @entity1 with @entity309 . MATERIAL/METHODS: Studies were carried out on 27 females with @entity309 and 32 control @entity1 . Acute-phase proteins were divided into 4 fractions as follows: alpha1-globulins represented by alpha1-acid glycoprotein ( @entity14214 ) and @entity6417 ( @entity6417 ); alpha2-globulins - haptoglobin (Hp); beta-globulins - complement C3 (C3) and total @entity69 (Tf); gamma-globulins - @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), rheumatoid factor (RF) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), and determined by immunoturbidimetric methods. RESULTS: The serum levels of acute-phase proteins changed in @entity309 @entity1 . On account of the alterations of concentration, acute-phase proteins are placed in the downgrade scale as follows: @entity1851 , Hp, @entity14214 , C3, @entity6417 and Tf. None of the acute-phase proteins correlated with the RF and the majority of them were closely related to ESR. Almost all of the acute-phase proteins (without C3) were closely related to @entity309 activity (based on DAS28) and their places in the downgrade scale were as follows: @entity1851 , Tf, @entity14214 , Hp and @entity6417 . The degree of disability evaluated by Health Assessment Questionnaire has affected on the concentrations of @entity14214 , Tf and @entity1851 . Serum @entity14214 , @entity6417 and RF levels significantly correlated with the @entity1 's age. No correlations were observed between IgG, TP levels, and clinical data. CONCLUSIONS: Among the entire panel, the @entity1851 and @entity14214 appeared to be the most useful biochemical markers for evaluation of the disease activity of @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: Relationship between serum acute-phase proteins and high disease activity in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6417 :: ('5265', 'Gene') :: ['AAT', 'alpha1-antitrypsin']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of MSCT in the identification of para-aortic lymph node metastases from @entity356 . METHODS: A total of 92 consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity356 were prospectively submitted to preoperative MSCT staging according to a standard protocol in the period 2003-2010. All diagnostic procedures were performed by dedicated radiologists who were unaware of the final pathological nodal status. Subsequently all @entity1 underwent potentially curative (R0) resection with extended lymphadenectomy plus para-aortic nodal dissection. Lymph node mapping in different stations and retrieval of single lymph nodes were performed by the surgeon on the fresh specimen and then submitted for pathological examination. Clinical, radiological, and pathological data were prospectively stored on database. RESULTS: A median number of 47 (range: 18-114) total lymph nodes and 7 (range: 3-29) para-aortic lymph nodes were removed. In 13 of 92 included @entity1 (14%), histological examination demonstrated para-aortic nodal metastases; MSCT was correctly positive in 11 of these cases (sensitivity: 85%). In 79 @entity1 para-aortic nodes were not involved, and MSCT resulted correctly negative in 75 of these @entity1 (specificity: 95%). Positive ( @entity2286 ) and negative (NPV) predictive values were 73 and 97%, with a global accuracy of 93%. CONCLUSIONS: MSCT performed according to a standard protocol by dedicated radiologists demonstrated high accuracy in preoperative identification of para-aortic nodal metastases from @entity356 . These results may be useful in planning surgical approach or during clinical staging before neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

title: High accuracy of multislices computed tomography (MSCT) for para-aortic lymph node metastases from XXXX : a prospective single-center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity173 are increasingly common in elderly citizens of many developed countries. Such @entity174 seem to be rare in less affluent @entity1 of some developing countries, even amongst the elderly. A four year review was done of all @entity130 @entity1 admitted to a provincial hospital in hospital in Papua New Guinea which serves 135.000 @entity1 living mainly in remote hamlets. Only three @entity174 of the proximal femur were noted. One of these was in a bedridden plantation owner. Not a single fracture of the femoral neck was noted in the Melanesian population. Colles @entity174 of the distal radius were also rarely seen. Other @entity174 were common. Elderly Melanesian villagers are physically active, and it appears that this is an important factor in preventing @entity425 and associated @entity174 of the hip and distal radius. Modern cities and urban lifestyles need radical change to keep elderly @entity1 more physically active.

title: XXXX in rural Melanesians: a nonepidemic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['bone weakness']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Fractured hips']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['Fractured hips']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effectiveness of antimuscarinic treatment on disease-specific and generic quality of life (QoL) in females with clinically diagnosed @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) by prospectively analyzing improvements in the @entity2182 symptom score (OABSS) and the Rand Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). METHODS: We prospectively recruited newly diagnosed female @entity1 with @entity2182 . Pretreatment disease-specific symptoms were documented, and generic QoL questionnaires were administered. All subjects received @entity2180 5 mg/day for >8 weeks. Symptoms and general health-related QoL (HRQoL) were assessed using the OABSS and SF-36, respectively. Other objective variables, such as maximum urinary flow rate and postvoid residual urine volume, were also evaluated. RESULTS: Seventy-eight subjects met all inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria. After 8 weeks, the mean OABSS decreased by approximately 50% compared with baseline (from 9.1    2.8 to 4.5    3.6). All individual scores in OABSS improved after administration of @entity2180 . Before treatment, the scores of the study subjects in all SF-36 domains were significantly worse than the age- and gender-adjusted Japanese national norms (P < 0.01), except the vitality (VT) scale. Intra-group comparisons between age groups showed worse @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) scores in all age groups. In the @entity2182 group, three mean SF-36 scales (physical function [PF], VT, and @entity1032 ) significantly improved after treatment. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity2182 with @entity2180 is associated with significant improvement in generic HRQoL and disease-specific symptoms at 8 weeks after drug administration. Particularly for generic HRQoL as measured by the SF-36, @entity2180 treatment effectively improves three SF-36 scores: PF, VT, and @entity1032 .

title: Clinical Impact of XXXX on Generic and Symptom-Specific Quality of Life for Females with Overactive Bladder: Using the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score and Rand Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Health Survey.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity2180 :: ('MESH:C441209', 'Chemical') :: ['solifenacin']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

answer: @entity2180 :: (MESH:C441209,Chemical) :: ['Solifenacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adherence to published care guidelines for the management of @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of @entity697 guideline adherence with outcomes and resource use at pediatric hospitals. DESIGN/METHODS: We studied @entity1 aged 6 months to 6 years with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition (ICD-9) discharge code indicative of @entity697 and without comorbid conditions in the emergency department, observation setting, or hospital. Laboratory studies, antiemetic use, and antibiotic use were evaluated, and the length of stay, mean adjusted total charges, and readmission proportion were documented. Multiple analysis of variance determined if the variance of adjusted charges, length of stay, and diagnostic studies were hospital-related. A regression analysis determined the association between guideline adherence and outcomes. RESULTS: There were a total of 188873 @entity1 ; 174594 (92.4%) were not admitted, and 14279 (7.6%) were admitted. There was substantial variation in resource use among hospitals. The mean adjusted total charge for all @entity1 was  863 (SD: 1336). The mean adjusted total charge for nonadmitted @entity1 was  591 (SD: 636). Individual hospitals contributed to the variance of mean length of stay, total adjusted charges, and use of diagnostic studies after controlling for covariates (P < .001). Guideline adherence was associated with a mean decrease in the average adjusted cost ( 591) for nonadmitted @entity1 of  296 (95% confidence interval: -399 to -193). CONCLUSIONS: Guideline-adherent hospitals demonstrated 50% lower charges for emergency department or observation @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity697 without adversely affecting outcomes. Use of resources not routinely recommended by published @entity697 guidelines remains common in pediatric hospitals.

title: Pediatric hospital adherence to the standard of care for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis', 'AGE']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute gastroenteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of @entity20202 ( @entity20202 ) and its association with both day- and nighttime symptoms, school performance and behavioral disturbances in a sample of primary school @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 1,605 @entity1 (819 @entity1 and 786 @entity1 ) aged 7-13 years from 9 randomly selected primary schools located within the city limits of Isparta, @entity233 . @entity20202 and sleep problems were assessed using a 55-item multiple-choice questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 1,605 questionnaires, 1,164 were fully completed and returned, giving a response rate of 72.5%. The overall prevalence of snoring was 38.9%, while @entity20202 accounted for 3.5%. The prevalence of @entity20202 among @entity1 (25, 3.0%) was higher than among @entity1 (16, 2.0%; chi(2) for trend: p < 0.001, OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.01-3.66). There was an association between younger age and @entity20202 , as @entity1 aged 7-8 years had the highest prevalence (chi(2) for trend: 0.054, OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 0.81-4.22). Habitual snorers had more daytime and nighttime symptoms. @entity56 , @entity25 breathing, shaking the @entity1 for @entity386 , @entity25 and @entity2915 were significant and independent risk factors and sleep-related symptoms for @entity20202 . A significant and independent association was found between poor school performance and @entity2915 , nocturnal enuresis, tooth grinding and low parental/maternal education in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity20202 were more likely to have sleep-related daytime and nighttime symptoms. No significant associ- ation was determined between @entity20202 and poor school performance.

title: Habitual snoring in primary school @entity1 : prevalence and association with XXXX and school performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity20202 :: ('MESH:D012913', 'Disease') :: ['habitual snoring', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime mouth', 'restless sleep']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep-related disorders']


abstract: We investigated the effect of ovariectomy (OVX) and subsequent @entity4520 (EB) treatment upon the @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-induced LH secretion in adult female @entity35 . Furthermore, the release of @entity7438 , @entity1063 (NE), @entity935 (DA), @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) and @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) from superfused hypothalamic fragments explanted from OVX and OVX-EB @entity35 was determined. Two weeks after OVX, animals received EB (100 mg/kg) s.c., or oil vehicle (OVX-EB or OVX groups, respectively). Two days thereafter, at 09.00 h, @entity143 (15 or 30 mg/kg) was given as an i.v. bolus; blood samples were drawn before and 10 min after drug administration. In OVX @entity35 , @entity143 had no significant effect on LH levels, whereas it stimulated LH release in OVX-EB animals at both doses tested (315 and 362% from basal values, p < 0.001). For hypothalamic superfusion studies OVX and OVX-EB animals were decapitated at 09.00 h, and the mediobasal hypothalami (MBH) dissected on ice. @entity143 (10(-4) M) was added to the superfusion medium for a 10 min period. Basal @entity7438 release (OVX: 1.41 +/- 0.18; OVX-EB: 1.59 +/- 0.28 pg/10 min/MBH) was significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced by @entity143 (OVX: 2.97 +/- 0.95; OVX-EB: 2.80 +/- 0.61 pg/10 min/MBH). EB treatment had no significant effect on basal or @entity143 -induced @entity7438 output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Estradiol modulates the LH release response to @entity1024 in adult female @entity35 : studies on hypothalamic XXXX and neurotransmitter release.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity7438 :: (25194(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone']


abstract: AIM: To test the effectiveness of @entity5648 stents in restoring patency of pyeloureteral segment (PUS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endoureteral @entity5648 stents were used in 54 @entity1 . The indications for stenting were recurrent strictures of upper urinary tract and @entity5 obstruction in 34 and 20 @entity1 , respectively. In 9 (16.6%) of them, including 4 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 aged 28-65 years, stenting was performed for extensive recurrent PUS strictures. In 8 @entity1 extensive strictures resulted from various surgical interventions on the PUS. In 2 @entity1 , PUS narrowing was caused by open pyelolithotomy, in 6 @entity1 by pyeloplasty, both open (4) and laparoscopic (2). A female @entity1 with solitary right kidney and @entity2916 of the PUS received two metal prostheses. RESULTS: In all cases, @entity5648 stents were adequately installed in PUS. @entity811 was observed in 1 @entity1 . During the follow-up period of 8 to 60 months, the results of stenting were considered good in 6 (66.7%) and satisfactory in 2 (22.2%) @entity1 . At month 10, 1 (11.1%) @entity1 developed the stent obstruction by proliferative tissue and underwent ureteroscopy with recanalization of the @entity5648 stent. The @entity1 with @entity2916 was found to have a stone formed in the renal pelvic end of the endoprosthesis; she underwent percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. In another @entity1 a lower calyceal stone migrated and wedged into the proximal end of the stent. The stone was extracted using percutaneous nephroscopy. CONCLUSION: Pyeloureteral stenting is an effective method to restore patency of the PUS in @entity1 with extensive recurrent strictures. For adequate functioning of the stents, they need to be of optimal length and correctly installed.

title: [Pyeloureteral stenting using XXXX stents].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral tumor']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['Bourneville - Pringle disease']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['Hematuria']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['nitinol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 umbilical cord matrix-derived stem cells (uMSCs), owing to their cellular and procurement advantages, are in clinical trials to treat type 1 (T1D) and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). Yet the therapeutic basis remains to be fully understood. The immunomodulatory property of uMSCs may explain the use in treating T1D, however the mere immune modulation may not be sufficient to support the use in @entity2175 . We thus tested whether uMSCs could exert direct trophic effects on b-cells. Infusion of uMSCs into chemically induced @entity6 @entity35 prevented @entity1602 progression with a parallel preservation of islet size and cellularity, demonstrating the protective effect of uMSCs on b-cells. Mechanistic analyses revealed that uMSCs engrafted long-term in the injured pancreas and the engraftment markedly activated the pancreatic PI3K pathway and its downstream anti-apoptotic machinery. The pro-survival pathway activation was associated with the expression and secretion of b-cell growth factors by uMSCs, among which @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) was highly abundant. To establish the causal relationship between the uMSC-secreted factors and b-cell survival, isolated @entity35 islets were co-cultured with uMSCs in the transwell system. Co-culturing improved the islet viability and insulin secretion. Furthermore, reduction of uMSC-secreted @entity2135 via the siRNA knockdown diminished the protective effects on islets in the co-culture. Thus, our data support a model whereby uMSCs exert trophic effects on islets by secreting b-cell growth factors such as @entity2135 . The study reveals the new therapeutic role of uMSCs and suggests that multiple mechanisms may be employed by uMSCs to treat @entity6 .

title: XXXX umbilical cord matrix-derived stem cells exert trophic effects on b-cell survival in @entity6 @entity35 and isolated islets.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF1', 'insulin-like growth factor 1']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The @entity2204 ( @entity2204 allele is a risk factor for @entity195 ( @entity195 ), but its effect on brain volumes is controversial. We explored the effect of the   4 allele on regional cortical thickness and volume measurements using an automated pipeline in 111 subjects with @entity73 ( @entity73 ), 115 @entity195 @entity1 , and 107 age-matched healthy controls. The clinical data were used as covariates in the thickness and volume comparisons. The   4 carriers had significantly smaller volume than non-carriers in caudate (p=0.028) in controls; in amygdala and caudate in the @entity73 group (p <or= 0.049); and in hippocampus and amygdala in the @entity195 group (p <or= 0.001). In the female subjects, the   4 carriers had significantly thinner cortical thickness or smaller volume than non-carriers in medial orbitofrontal gyrus and caudate in controls (p <or= 0.014); in amygdala in @entity73 subjects (p=0.047) and in hippocampus and amygdala in @entity195 @entity1 (p <or= 0.024). However, in the male subjects, there were significant differences in cortical thickness and volume between   4 carriers and non-carriers in several structures in the @entity73 group, but no differences in the controls and @entity195 @entity1 . Compared to the non-carriers, the homozygous   4 carriers showed significant @entity393 in hippocampus, deep nuclei, and caudal anterior cingulate cortex in @entity73 . In the @entity195 group, the homozygous   4 carriers had significant @entity393 in hippocampus and amygdala. We conclude that the @entity2204 allele modulates regional cortical thickness and volume in relation to diagnostic group and gender. The   4 allele has a dose-dependent and regionally specific effect on brain structures.

title: Effect of XXXX allele on cortical thicknesses and volumes: the AddNeuroMed study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['APOE)   4', 'apolipoprotein E', 'APOE   4']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['APOE   4']


abstract: The rapid action of the long acting beta agonist @entity6410 allows it to be used as both a preventer and reliever in the management of @entity565 . The Symbicort   SMART dosing regime has been shown to reduce the number of @entity565 exacerbations. The aim was to determine the current prescribing of Symbicort  , the prescribing of the SMART regimen and the co-prescribing of a short acting beta agonist with this regimen by means of an audit of prescriptions dispensed in a pharmacy multiple in the U.K. Anonymised data were collected on a standard form. Symbicort   prescribing data for six months were extracted from the pharmacy @entity1 Medication Record (PMR). Data were stratified by age and analysed to determine adherence with Symbicort   SMART prescribing as defined by the U.K. product license. Data were received from 51 of the 118 (43.2%) pharmacies contacted. Complete information from 2484 PMRs was included in the study. 2.81% (70/2484) of @entity1 were prescribed SMART as defined by the U.K. summary of product characteristics. Of the 18-35 year age group 7.44% (27/363) were prescribed SMART correctly. However, Symbicort   was prescribed twice a day and when required, with either the co-prescription of a @entity6411 , or at an unlicensed dose in 2.46% (61/2484) and 0.28% (7/2484) @entity1 respectively. The incidence of Symbicort   SMART prescribing in this study is low but may be underestimated due to unclear dosing instructions.

title: Audit of budesonide/ @entity6410 prescribing for XXXX in community pharmacy in the U.K.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity3794 is defined by an overgrowth of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix deposition, and results in @entity1576 that is often fatal. It is the end stage in many chronic inflammatory @entity401 ( @entity401 ) such as @entity370 and @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). The myeloid-related proteins (MRPs) belong to the S100 family of @entity460 -binding proteins and are highly expressed by neutrophils, macrophages and epithelial cells during chronic @entity32 . @entity7966 stimulates fibroblast proliferation in vitro and is expressed in @entity738 from @entity370 @entity1 . We hypothesized that @entity7966 may be a biomarker for fibrotic @entity401 . The objective of this study was to investigate whether levels of @entity7966 in the @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) of @entity1 with @entity370 and @entity2416 correlate with clinical parameters. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure @entity7966 in @entity5173 of 74 @entity370 @entity1 , 54 @entity2416 @entity1 and 19 controls. Mean @entity5173 levels of @entity7966 were elevated significantly in @entity2416 (P < 0.001) and @entity370 (P < 0.05) @entity1 compared to controls. @entity7966 levels were associated linearly with @entity370 disease severity based on chest radiographic stage. Moreover, @entity5173 @entity7966 levels were correlated inversely with diffusion capacity and forced vital capacity in @entity370 @entity1 . In @entity2416 @entity1 , a correlation with @entity5173 neutrophil percentage was found. In conclusion, @entity5173 @entity7966 levels are elevated in @entity2416 and @entity370 and are associated with disease severity in @entity370 . The results support the need for further studies into the role of @entity7966 in the pathogenesis of @entity82 .

title: @entity7966 is elevated in the @entity5173 of fibrosing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['bronchoalveolar lavage fluid', 'BALF']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung diseases']


abstract: @entity117 ( @entity1281 )--now the most potent platelet-aggregation inhibitor--is being investigated in combination with @entity2228 (Godamed; text preparation A) and microencapsulated (test preparation B) in view of the plasma total @entity2697 level and @entity1423 inhibiting effect. The examination is conducted on 20 @entity1 by the cross-over method. An increase of the plasma total @entity2697 level of test preparation A compared with test preparation B is highly significant up to 60 min after application of 1000 mg ASA respectively. As in shorter time a higher plasma total @entity2697 level is reached a significantly higher analgesic effect of the test preparation A may be expected. In certain indications, occurring with @entity158 , as for instance @entity432 , @entity2268 , etc., this is absolutely desired. Additional application of analgetics is then often unnecessary. A differentiated use of ASA preparations as platelet-aggregation inhibitors is therefore required. To investigate the disaggregating effect of both ASA preparations the PAT-III test by Breddin was used. 2 h after the oral application of 1000 mg ASA a complete normalisation by both ASA preparations was reached, whereas before a significant higher @entity1423 had been recognized. The somewhat faster reached effect of test preparation A is not significant and clinically not relevant. When in the acute phase as well as in the long-term treatment of the above mentioned indications an ASA-containing platelet-aggregation inhibitor is used, that preparation should get preference which is well tolerable and has the same platelet-disaggregating effect but with the higher analgesic effect.

title: [On the @entity1423 inhibiting and analgesic activities of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive disease']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: AIMS: mast cells have been shown to accumulate in the adventitia of @entity1 @entity731 and were recently demonstrated by us to contribute to plaque progression and instability. In this study, we investigated whether selective inhibition of mast cell chymases would affect the lesion development and stability. METHODS AND RESULTS: the protease inhibitor @entity21281 appeared to be a potent inhibitor of chymase activity in vitro and ex vivo. With this inhibitor, we provide three lines of evidence that chymase inhibition can prevent many pro-atherogenic activities. First, oral administration of @entity21281 reduced spontaneous @entity731 in the thoracic aorta of @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 . Second, chymase inhibition prevented the accelerated plaque progression observed in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 that were exposed to repetitive episodes of systemic mast cell activation. Furthermore, @entity21281 enhanced lesional collagen content and reduced @entity39 core size. Third, @entity21281 treatment almost completely normalized the increased frequency and size of intraplaque haemorrhages observed in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 after acute perivascular mast cell activation in advanced @entity731 . CONCLUSION: our data indicate that chymase inhibition can inhibit pro-atherogenic and plaque destabilizing effects which are associated with perivascular mast cell activation. Our study thus identifies pharmacological chymase inhibition as a potential therapeutic modality for @entity731 plaque stabilization.

title: Mast cell chymase inhibition reduces XXXX plaque progression and improves plaque stability in @entity6970 -/- @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: AIM: To screen peptide mimics of @entity20301 ( @entity20301 ) GTX2,3 from a random 12-mer phage display peptide library and to identify and characterize the specificity and accuracy of the peptide mimotope of GTX2,3. METHODS: The monoclonal antibody against GTX2,3 (mAb E(9);F(10);) was used as a target to screen the 12-mer phage display peptide library and the specificity of phage clones were identified by sandwich ELISA and blocking assay. The peptide sequences of positive phage clones were determined and analyzed by DNA sequencing. The affinity and specificity of synthetic peptide were identified by a competitive ELISA. RESULTS: The 20 clones were identified to be specific reactivity with the mAb E(9);F(10);. @entity535 sequence analysis revealed seven different types of mimotope sequence, most of which contained a common motif DXLXPP(X presents random acid @entity1472 ), X was random @entity535 . The Phage No.2(phage 2), the clone with mimotope sequence WPSLDXLXPPSY showed the strongest binding, and inhibited the reactivity of the mAb with GTX2,3. Another ELISA result showed that synthetic peptide-1 (SP-1) which contain mimotope @entity535 sequence was able to inhibit the mAb- GTX2,3 interaction. CONCLUSION: The mimotope peptide of GTX2,3 is obtained by using the phage display technology. The results also showed that SP-1 bind to mAb E(9);F(10); at the same site as GTX2,3.

title: [A XXXX ,3 mimic peptide isolated from phage display: characterization and potential applications].

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity20301 :: ('MESH:D057096', 'Disease') :: ['PSP', 'Paralytic shellfish poisoning']

answer: @entity20301 :: (MESH:D057096,Disease) :: ['Paralytic shellfish poisoning GTX2']


abstract: Enzymatic activity profiles for two morphotypes of 37 @entity5132 clinical isolates were compared. @entity375 and hyphal forms were grown using @entity375 extract-peptone- @entity413 broth or undiluted human serum, respectively. Both morphotypes were documented under scanning electron microscopy. The api(  ) ZYM (BioM  rieux, France) test was used to evaluate the enzymatic activity profiles for particular pleomorphic forms. None of the examined enzymatic activities showed good agreement (kappa, k > 0.80) for the two morphotypes of the tested strains. Only @entity368 arylamidase activity in blastoconidia and hyphae of 35 out of 37 strains appeared to be in significant agreement (k = 0.770). This phenomenon should be explored further for clinical benefits. For morphotypes of all tested strains, activity profiles of 11 hydrolytic enzymes demonstrated weak agreement (k = 0.044-0.197). Moreover, satisfactory (k = 0.218-0.348) and moderate agreement (k = 0.413-0.479) were noted for enzymatic activity values of five and two enzymes, respectively. The distinct differences in activity profiles of hydrolytic enzymes between hyphae and blastoconidia is suggested to be related to the specific roles of these two morphotypes in particular steps of pathogenesis. Moreover, both morphotypes should be examined by strain biotyping methods. Beta-N-hexosaminidase (HexNAcase) activity assessed by the api(  ) ZYM test and on CHROMagar Candida(  ) medium (Becton Dickinson, USA) is also discussed.

title: Discrimination between the enzymatic activities of XXXX pleomorphic forms determined using the api   ZYM test.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: @entity11017 is considered as a crucial regulator of angiogenesis, a process of new blood vessel formation. We reported previously that @entity2493 ( @entity20144 ), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, prevents @entity3352 -induced @entity2275 . Herein, we investigated the effect of @entity2493 on @entity11017 -mediated angiogenesis during gastroprotection. Angiogenic properties of @entity2493 were tested in both @entity35 corneal micropocket assay and in @entity19 model of @entity3352 -induced @entity1819 . @entity2493 augmented angiogenesis that was associated with amelioration of @entity11017 expression and activity and, upregulation of @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) in @entity35 @entity267 . @entity2493 prevented @entity1819 by promoting angiogenesis via upregulation of @entity6667 followed by over-expression of @entity11017 . Similarly, healing of @entity1819 was associated with early expression of @entity6667 followed by @entity11017 . In addition, upregulation of @entity11017 was parallel to @entity11016 and inverse to @entity6930 ( @entity6930 )-2 expression during gastroprotection. Our data demonstrated that @entity2493 exerts angiogenesis through @entity11017 and @entity6667 over-expression during protection and healing of @entity2275 . This study highlights for the first time a phase-associated regulation of @entity11017 activity in gastric mucosa and an angiogenic action of @entity2493 to rescue @entity3352 -induced gastropathy.

title: @entity2493 promotes angiogenesis during protection and healing of XXXX -induced @entity2275 : role of matrix metaloproteinase-2.

entities_list: @entity6930 :: ('116510(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease', 'TIMP']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesions']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity20144 :: ('CHEBI:16796', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['indomethacin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: High-grade evidence is lacking for most therapeutic decisions in @entity30 . Appropriateness criteria were developed for upper gastro-intestinal, extra-intestinal manifestations and drug safety during conception, pregnancy and breastfeeding in @entity1 with @entity30 , to assist the physician in clinical decision making. METHODS: The European Panel on the Appropriateness of @entity30 Therapy (EPACT II), a multidisciplinary international European expert panel, rated clinical scenarios based on evidence from the published literature and panelists' own clinical expertise. Median ratings (on a 9-point scale) were stratified into three categories: appropriate (7-9), uncertain (4-6 with or without disagreement) and inappropriate (1-3). Experts were also asked to rank appropriate medications by priority. RESULTS: Proton pump inhibitors, @entity230 , @entity500 / @entity4446 and infliximab are appropriate for @entity30 ; for @entity850 , @entity384 is the first-line therapy, although surgery is also appropriate. @entity10055 is the only appropriate treatment for @entity991 . Infliximab is appropriate for @entity6794 , @entity1691 and @entity1596 , @entity230 for @entity6794 and @entity1691 , adalimumab for @entity6794 and @entity1691 , @entity205 -A/ @entity1140 for @entity6794 . @entity2983 , @entity3378 , @entity229 , @entity500 / @entity4446 , @entity2177 , and probiotics, may be administered safely during pregnancy or for @entity1 wishing to conceive, with the exception that male @entity1 considering conception should avoid @entity3378 . @entity16909 is considered safe in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters whereas infliximab is rated safe in the 1st trimester but uncertain in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. @entity1499 is always contraindicated at conception, during pregnancy or during breastfeeding, due to its known teratogenicity. @entity2983 , @entity229 , probiotics and infliximab are considered safe during breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: EPACT II recommendations are freely available online (www.epact.ch). The validity of these criteria should now be tested by prospective evaluation.

title: Appropriate management of special situations in XXXX (upper gastro-intestinal; extra-intestinal manifestations; drug safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding): Results of a multidisciplinary international expert panel-EPACT II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6794 :: ('MESH:D017511', 'Disease') :: ['Pyoderma gangrenosum']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", "upper gastro-duodenal Crohn's disease", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['Mesalamine']

entities_list: @entity16909 :: ('CHEBI:6909', 'Chemical') :: ['Metronidazol']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['Ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: The incidence of @entity1586 has been shown to be 25 to 40 per cent and the incidence of @entity189 to be two to eight per cent. Because of this, many surgical groups now advocate routine preoperative colonoscopy on all @entity1 with @entity694 . The possibility of spreading and implanting @entity5 cells with the colonoscope has prompted the authors to purposely avoid preoperative colonoscopy and then clear the colon of any missed lesions with an early postoperative colonoscopy. This study is a retrospective review of 104 @entity1 who have undergone a partial colectomy for @entity694 followed by a postoperative colonoscopy between June 1982 and June 1986. The purpose is to determine the adequacy of intraoperative palpation to detect @entity7158 , and to further define the role of perioperative colonoscopy. The results of 34 per cent @entity1127 and 5.8 per cent @entity189 parallels previous studies. The six @entity1 with @entity189 were discovered by intraoperative palpation and the operation was modified in four of the six @entity1 . Postoperative colonoscopy revealed @entity1127 in 20 per cent of the @entity1 , but all of these were amenable to snare polypectomy or electrocoagulation. No @entity189 were overlooked by palpation. It is our conclusion that intraoperative palpation is adequate for detection of @entity189 and therefore the risk and expense of preoperative colonoscopy can be avoided. Early postoperative colonoscopy, however, is imperative to clear the colon of small @entity1127 which have the potential to progress to @entity189 .

title: Is preoperative colonoscopy necessary in XXXX and rectum?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7158 :: ('MESH:D009378', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'synchronous carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal carcinoma', 'colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous polyps of the colon']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the colon']


abstract: The authors report their ultrastructural findings of 36 involved lymph-nodes in @entity978 ( @entity978 ), before any treatment. More than 400 @entity5 cells were studied. An analytical study was carried out on the different aspects presented by the nuclei (uni or multi-lobated); the nucleoli (compact, reticulate or dispersed); and the cytoplasm (immunoblastic, complex, intermediate). No cellular structure evoking phagocytic activity with digestion, and consequently an eventual histiomonocytic origin, could be detected even on serial sections. The presence of lipid inclusions, sometimes of glycogen, as well as certain peculiar structures are described and discussed. The ultrastructural aspects could be easily correlated with the different types of @entity5 cell described in @entity978 using light microscopy. The various kinds of cells which could could be detected in the same lymph node, may correspond to a real @entity5 cell lineage, consisting, firstly, of a cell of immunoblastic type with a mono- or bilobated nucleus, then an intermediate type with a bilobated or multisegmented nucleus, and finally a complex cell type with a multisegmented nucleus. The lacunar cells are characterised by a fragile hyaloplasm, without cellular organelles at their periphery, these being concentrated around the nucleus. This special organisation explains the aspects observed in light microscopy. However, no explanation could be offered to understand this particular aspect of the cytoplasm. The ultrastructural characteristics of the Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants did not allow a precise cellular origin to be proposed. The absence of phagolysosomes pleads against a histiocytic origin. However their similarity of the interdigitated reticular cells did not seem sufficient to propose this origin. The likeliness of the cytoplasm of cells with mono- or bilobated nuclei with that of immunoblasts, constitutes the most interesting morphological feature. This fact, associated with the appearance of immunoblasts similar to Reed-Sternberg cells of @entity4539 , suggests a lymphoid origin. The study of the reactive cells around the @entity5 cells did not allow any consequences to be drawn. One could simply note that the Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants were surrounded by lymphocytes, forming a kind of crown. No etiological agent could be detected. These data are compared to those of other publications, and discussed. This ultrastructural study, therefore, does not offer the solution to most of the questions which still remain to be answered as to the origin of the Reed-Sternberg cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Ultrastructural study of 36 lymph node sites of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4539 :: ('MESH:D007244', 'Disease') :: ['infectious mononucleosis']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In most @entity1 with @entity775 , remission can be maintained with @entity617 , usually in combination with @entity500 , but the majority of @entity1 have a relapse when treatment is stopped and therefore require long-term therapy. Because prolonged corticosteroid therapy may have serious toxic effects, in 1984 we undertook a controlled trial of maintenance therapy with @entity500 alone. None of the 25 @entity1 in that trial had relapses during the follow-up period of one year. We have now followed these 25 @entity1 for 10 years and have treated an additional 47 @entity1 in a similar manner. METHODS: The 72 @entity1 (median age, 47 years; range, 14 to 71) had been in complete remission for at least one year with 5 to 15 mg of @entity617 per day and 1 mg of @entity500 per kilogram per day. The dose of @entity500 was increased to 2 mg per kilogram per day, and the @entity617 was gradually withdrawn. Remission was defined as the absence of symptoms suggestive of a relapse and serum globulin and @entity492 aminotransferase concentrations within the normal range, with or without a liver biopsy showing only minimal @entity32 . RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 (83 percent) remained in remission while receiving @entity500 alone for a median of 67 months (range, 12 to 128). Of 48 follow-up liver biopsies in 42 @entity1 , 45 showed inactive or minimal disease, and 3 showed moderate disease (2 after one year of therapy and 1 after eight years). After the @entity617 had been withdrawn, 26 @entity1 lost their cushingoid facies, and 32 @entity1 lost weight (median loss, 6.4 kg; range, 1.5 to 22.3). The most common adverse effect was @entity4841 (in 38 @entity1 ). With the higher dose of @entity500 , four @entity1 had myelosuppression, defined as a decrease in the leukocyte and platelet counts to less than 4000 and 150,000 per cubic millimeter, respectively. Two of these @entity1 (both with @entity3043 ) relapsed when the @entity500 was withdrawn; in the other two, remission was maintained with the resumption of @entity617 . @entity2905 developed in 32 of 56 @entity1 treated with 2 mg of @entity500 per kilogram per day for more than two years. During follow-up, nine @entity1 died: one of @entity1578 and eight of causes not directly related to their @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 with @entity775 who have been in complete remission for at least one year with @entity617 and @entity500 can remain in remission with a higher dose of @entity500 alone.

title: XXXX for long-term maintenance of remission in @entity775 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['Azathioprine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is a paucity of literature systemically examining the effects of access to @entity5 care resources on adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) use behaviors, especially in underserved regions such as the Appalachian region in the United States, where gaps in healthcare access are well documented. The objectives of this study were to explore AET adherence and persistence in Appalachia, delineate the effects of access to care @entity5 on adherence/persistence, and evaluate the influences of adherence and persistence on overall survival.A retrospective cohort study from 2006 to 2008 was conducted among female @entity0 survivors living in the Appalachian counties of 4 states (PA, @entity2145 , KY, and NC). We linked @entity5 registries to Medicare claims data and included @entity1 with invasive, nonmetastatic, @entity5282 -positive @entity0 who received guideline-recommended AET. Medication adherence was defined as corresponding to a Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) >= 0.8 and logistic regression was utilized to assess predictors of adherence. Medication nonpersistence was defined as the discontinuation of drugs after exceeding a 60-day medication gap, and multivariate adjusted estimates of nonpersistence were obtained using the Cox proportional hazards (PH) model.About 31% of the total 428 @entity1 were not adherent to AET, and 30% were not persistent over an average follow-up period of 421 days. @entity440 , relative to aromatase inhibitors, was associated with higher odds of adherence (odds ratio=2.82, P<0.001) and a lower risk of nonpersistence (hazard ratio=0.40, P<0.001). Drug-related side effects like @entity158 may be an important factor leading to nonadherence and early discontinuation. In addition, aromatase inhibitor (AI) adherence and persistence were significantly influenced by out-of-pocket drug costs, dual eligibility status, and coverage gaps. Nonadherence to and nonpersistence with AET were associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality.Our findings of suboptimal AET adherence/persistence in Appalachia as well as positive associations between AET adherence/persistence and overall survival outcomes further underscore the importance of ensuring appropriate AET use in this population to reduce @entity0 mortality disparities. Our findings also suggest that intervention strategies focusing on individualized treatment and medication-related factors may improve adjuvant treatment use.

title: Adjuvant therapy use among XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone-receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Appalachian breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether an unsupervised machine learning classifier can identify patterns of @entity227 in standard visual fields consistent with typical patterns learned by decades of @entity1 experience. METHODS: Standard perimetry thresholds for 52 locations plus age from one eye of each of 156 @entity1 with @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) and 189 eyes of healthy subjects were clustered with an unsupervised machine classifier, variational Bayesian mixture of factor analysis (vbMFA). RESULTS: The vbMFA formed five distinct clusters. Cluster 5 held 186 of 189 fields from normal eyes plus 46 from eyes with @entity1781 . These fields were then judged within normal limits by several traditional methods. Each of the other four clusters could be described by the pattern of loss found within it. Cluster 1 (71 @entity1781 + 3 normal optic discs) included early, localized defects. A purely diffuse component was rare. Cluster 2 (26 @entity1781 ) exhibited primarily deep superior hemifield defects, and cluster 3 (10 @entity1781 ) held deep @entity75 only or in combination with lesser superior field defects. Cluster 4 (6 @entity1781 ) showed @entity427 in both hemifields. In other words, visual fields within a given cluster had similar patterns of loss that differed from the predominant pattern found in other clusters. The classifier separated the data based solely on the patterns of loss within the fields, without being guided by the diagnosis, placing 98.4% of the healthy eyes within the same cluster and spreading 70.5% of the eyes with @entity1781 across the other four clusters, in good agreement with a @entity726 expert and pattern standard deviation. CONCLUSIONS: Without training-based diagnosis (unsupervised learning), the vbMFA identified four important patterns of field @entity735 with @entity1781 in a manner consistent with years of clinical experience.

title: Using unsupervised learning with variational bayesian mixture of factor analysis to identify patterns of glaucomatous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior hemifield defects']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['loss in eyes']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic neuropathy', 'GON']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['deep defects']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of the combination of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) injection through hysteroscopic tubal catheterization and @entity3927 per os in the conservative treatment of tubal pregnancy. METHODS: Forty @entity1 who met the criteria of conservative treatment were enrolled in this study and received the combined therapy of @entity1500 50 mg/d injection through hysteroscopic tubal catheterization and oral @entity3927 100mg/d for 5 days. RESULTS: Of these 40 @entity1 , 38 (95.0%) were cured. The @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin decreased to normal level within 3-48 days. The masses disappeared within 16-65 days. The menstruation returned normal within 28-42 days. No obvious side effect was observed. Of 30 @entity1 who underwent hydrotubation through hysteroscopy three months later, 12 @entity1 were unobstructed, 2 @entity1 were completely obstructed, and 16 @entity1 were partially obstructed. Five @entity1 had full-term deliveries up to this report. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1500 injection through hysteroscopic tubal catheterization and @entity3927 per os is safe and effective for early tubal pregnancy.

title: [Combination of @entity1499 injection through hysteroscopic tubal catheterization and XXXX per os in the conservative treatment of tubal pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['mifepristone']


abstract: We studied the genetic and clinical features of @entity6 subjects in a 5-generation Michigan-Kentucky pedigree ascertained through a proband with @entity788 and homozygous for the @entity5908 mutation Pro63fsx60. @entity6 and nondiabetic family members were genotyped and phenotyped. We also carried out genetic studies to determine the history of the @entity5908 mutation in the Michigan-Kentucky family and a Virginia family with the same mutation. We identified 110 individuals; 34 are currently being treated for @entity6 and 10 of these are Pro63fsX60 carriers (ie, @entity5908 ). Subjects with @entity2175 as well as those with type 2 @entity6 are characterized by @entity28 and @entity3190 . Genetic studies suggest that the @entity5908 mutation was inherited from an ancestor common to both the Michigan-Kentucky and Virginia families. @entity5908 and type 2 @entity6 in the Michigan-Kentucky pedigree are associated with @entity28 and @entity3190 . @entity28 and @entity3190 have been observed occasionally in other subtypes of @entity2175 , which suggests that @entity3190 may be a general phenomenon when @entity28 occurs in @entity2175 subjects. Hypoinsulinemia in nonobese @entity2175 subjects seems to be caused by a functional defect in the beta cell. Genetic testing should be considered in multigenerational obese @entity6 subjects, particularly when such families contain young @entity6 members.

title: @entity28 and @entity3190 in a family with @entity788 and XXXX caused by the @entity5908 mutation Pro63fsX60.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic agenesis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['MODY']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although studies have demonstrated clinical advantages in high-volume (HV) centers performing esophageal and pancreatic resections, thoracic @entity449 repair has not been studied in the same fashion. We sought to determine if HV centers have better outcomes after thoracic @entity449 surgery relative to lower-volume (LV) centers. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data pooled from the 17 institutions participating in the Virginia Cardiac Surgery Quality Initiative (VCSQI) database was performed during a 3-year period. LV centers were those that performed <40 operations during the study period, and HV centers were those that performed >80 operations. Preoperative risk factors and outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of center volume on mortality. Only elective operations were studied. RESULTS: HV centers performed 515 operations during the study period compared with 216 operations from LV centers. Perioperative mortality was significantly lower in HV centers (3.7%, n = 19) versus LV centers (8.3%, n = 18) (p = 0.02). Incidence of @entity177 (HV: 4.5%; LV: 8.3%; p = 0.05) and prolonged ventilator course (HV: 16.7%; LV: 25.5%; p = 0.01) were also lower in the HV centers relative to LV centers. HV centers had higher @entity64 rates compared with LV centers (HV: 4.8%, LV: 1.4%; p < 0.01). Total hospital cost was  42,736 in HV centers and  51,296 in LV centers (p = 0.04). On regression analysis, LV centers were significantly associated with increased complications and mortality (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although LV centers had lower @entity64 rates, HV centers had overall better outcomes, lower mortality rates, and considerably lower cost compared with LV centers.

title: Elective thoracic XXXX surgery: better outcomes from high-volume centers.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysm']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity599 mustard (SM) is a frequently used chemical warfare agent, even in modern history. SM inhalation causes significant @entity11127 , with early complications due to airway obstructive bronchial casts, akin to those seen after @entity9927 and in single-ventricle physiology. This process with SM is poorly understood because animal models are unavailable. OBJECTIVES: To develop a @entity35 inhalation model for @entity1224 with the SM analog @entity24219 ( @entity24219 ), and to investigate the pathogenesis of bronchial cast formation. METHODS: Adult @entity35 were exposed to 0, 5, or 7.5% CEES in @entity1068 via nose-only aerosol inhalation (15 min). Airway microdissection and confocal microscopy were used to assess cast formation (4 and 18 h after exposure). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) retrieval and intravascular dye injection were done to evaluate vascular permeability. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bronchial casts, composed of abundant fibrin and lacking mucus, occluded dependent lobar bronchi within 18 hours of CEES exposure. BALF contained elevated concentrations of IgM, protein, and fibrin. Accumulation of fibrin-rich fluid in peribronchovascular regions (4 h) preceded cast formation. Monastral blue dye leakage identified bronchial vessels as the site of leakage. CONCLUSIONS: After CEES inhalation, increased permeability from damaged bronchial vessels underlying damaged airway epithelium leads to the appearance of plasma proteins in both peribronchovascular regions and BALF. The subsequent formation of fibrin-rich casts within the airways then leads to @entity1224 , causing significant morbidity and mortality acutely after exposure.

title: @entity1224 due to bronchial vascular injury after XXXX mustard analog inhalation.

entities_list: @entity11127 :: ('MESH:D012140', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract injury']

entities_list: @entity24219 :: ('MESH:C031278', 'Chemical') :: ['CEES', '2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide']

entities_list: @entity9927 :: ('MESH:D015208', 'Disease') :: ['smoke inhalation']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airways obstruction', 'airway obstruction']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Social mobility (movement up or down the social hierarchy) and social accumulation (accumulating social advantage or disadvantage) across the life course have been shown to affect adult health. There is no evidence on how these processes simultaneously affect adult @entity2973 and @entity28 . METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis using data from phase 5 of the Whitehall II study (1997-1999), including retrospective information on past socioeconomic position (SEP) for 4598 @entity1 (44-69 years). The effect of social mobility and social accumulation, from childhood social class to educational attainment to current employment grade, on prevalent adult @entity2973 and @entity28 was examined. RESULTS: Upwardly socially mobile @entity1 did not have lower prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 compared to the socially stable at low SEP (62.3 vs 63.9% in @entity1 ). Downwardly socially mobile @entity1 had higher prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 than the socially stable at high SEP (52.0% vs 36.1% in @entity1 ). The odds of adult @entity2973 and @entity28 increased with social accumulation of disadvantage. Among @entity1 , one life phase in low SEP was associated with 61% higher odds (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.47), two phases low with 66% higher odds (1.66; 1.14 to 2.42) and all phases low with 2.6 times the odds (2.61; 1.79 to 3.78) of @entity2973 and @entity28 compared to @entity1 with all phases in high SEP. CONCLUSIONS: Social mobility and social accumulation can operate simultaneously across the life course. Prevention of downward social mobility and social accumulation of disadvantage could reduce the overall prevalence of adult @entity2973 and @entity28 .

title: Social mobility and social accumulation across the life course in relation to adult XXXX and @entity28 : the Whitehall II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

answer: @entity2973 :: (MESH:D050177,Disease) :: ['overweight']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognoses in STEMI and NSTEMI beyond one year from onset remain unclear. We aimed to compare the treatments and the two-year outcomes in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) enrolled at the Polish Registry of Acute @entity301 (PL-ACS). METHODS: A total of 13,441 @entity1 with @entity583 (8250 with STEMI, and 5191 with NSTEMI) underwent medical care between October 2003 and June 2005 in the Silesia region (4.8 million inhabitants). The events analyzed were @entity204 , @entity583 , @entity64 and percutaneous (PCI) or surgical (CABG) revascularization. RESULTS: After two years, NSTEMI was associated with a higher incidence of @entity204 (hazard ratio (HR) of 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.17, p<0.0001)); a higher incidence of reinfarction, @entity64 , CABG and a lower rate of PCI. Adjustments for baseline characteristics and treatment strategy (invasive vs. non-invasive) reversed the HR for mortality and eliminated the difference in @entity583 and @entity64 . The adjusted HR for mortality was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.71-0.83, p<0.0001). STEMI and NSTEMI @entity1 treated non-invasively were older and showed higher incidences of @entity6 , @entity28 , @entity3126 and @entity1455 than their invasively treated counterparts. Invasively treated @entity1 received @entity117 , beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors and statins more often during hospitalization and at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The unadjusted long-term prognosis was worse in NSTEMI. After adjustment for the baseline characteristics and treatment strategy, the long-term prognosis was worse in STEMI. @entity1 with @entity583 treated invasively showed more favorable clinical characteristics and received guideline-recommended therapy more often than @entity1 who did not undergo invasive treatment.

title: A comparison of ST elevation versus non-ST elevation XXXX outcomes in a large registry database: are non-ST @entity583 associated with worse long-term prognoses?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary Syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity703 accounts for 3% of malignant @entity5 . The existence of @entity5 @entity715 in the venous system is more infrequent, and, despite it was believed until recently its presence worsened the diagnosis of the disease, currently it is accepted that in the absence of metastatic or @entity1600 , surgery is the treatment of choice and potentially curative for these @entity5 . METHODS: Between June 2003 and November 2007 eight @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity1211 underwent surgery; two of them wereT3c and six T3b; in five of them surgery was carried out in association with the heart surgery team in our centre. Three of them underwent surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Mean @entity1 age was 56 years. RESULTS: Tumor @entity715 was grade I in one @entity1 , grade II in 4 @entity1 , grade III in one @entity1 , and grade IV in two @entity1 . In all @entity1 with @entity5 grade > or = III, as well as two with grade II, surgery was performed in conjunction with the department of heart surgery. The operation with extracorporeal circulation, deep @entity2332 , cardioplegia, and antegrade and retrograde brain perfusion was performed in grades III and IV. Midline incision was performed, with or without sternotomy, depending on the level of the @entity715 . @entity548 was the most frequent perioperative complication. DISCUSSION: It is essential to know the exact level of the cephalic extreme of the @entity5 @entity715 to design the proper surgical strategy; for that, we can use MRI, CT scan or ultrasound. Therefore, surgical approach, multidisciplinary cooperation and use of extracorporeal circulation will depend on such extension of the @entity715 and concurrent factors of the @entity1 . A good surgical strategy, as well as early surgery may avoid the use of venous filters preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Venous wall invasion seems to be related with a greater incidence of @entity1600 , but these @entity1 are candidates to intention-to-cure radical surgery. @entity715 level is not a prognostic factor per se, but it should be taken into consideration for surgical planning. After radical surgery survival rates achieved are similar to those of @entity5 without @entity1211 .

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX with venous extension].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'urological tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombus']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumours']


abstract: The pathogenesis of @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury is known to involve cytokines and particularly surface adhesion molecules, the expression of which initiates the attachment of inflammatory cells. @entity9774 and @entity4665 catalyze the initial key enzymatic steps in the metabolism of @entity1426 . @entity9774 is constitutively expressed in most tissues, whereas @entity4665 is induced in response to proinflamamatory cytokines and stress. In this study we examined the expression of @entity9774 and @entity4665 in the @entity35 after 90 minutes of warm-I/R injury. @entity35 were sacrificed at 0, 1.5, 3, 5, 12, and 24 hours after reperfusion. @entity4665 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, which was graded on a scale of 0 to 4. All results are presented as the mean values +/- SD. Data analyses used analysis of variance. @entity4665 expression was most intense on endothelial cells at 3 and 5 hours after reperfusion. From 12 to 24 hours after reperfusion @entity4665 expression on endothelial cells gradually became weaker. @entity4665 expression scores were significantly higher at 1.5, 3, 5, 12, and 24 hours after reperfusion than at 0 hours. However, there were no differences in @entity9774 expression after reperfusion. Several hours after the maximum of @entity4665 expression the maximum @entity8 was observed. These results suggest a relationship between @entity4665 expression and @entity8 .

title: Study of cyclooxygenase-2 in XXXX -reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal I/R injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal ischemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 survival is related not only to primary @entity5 but also to concomitant nonmalignant diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic capacity of four comorbidity indices [the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), the Elixhauser method, the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and National @entity5 Institute (NCI) comorbidity index, and the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 (ACE-27)] for both @entity5 -related and all-cause mortality among @entity14 @entity1 . A modified version of the CCI adapted for @entity14 @entity1 was also built. METHODS: The study population comprised 468 cases of @entity14 diagnosed between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2010 at a community hospital. Data were prospectively collected and abstracted from @entity1 ' clinical records. Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate logistic regression models were performed for survival and risk of death analysis. RESULTS: Only moderate or severe @entity8 [hazard ratio (HR) 2.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-6.63] and @entity791 (HR 3.27, 95% CI 1.23-8.68) were independently associated with @entity5 -specific mortality, with a population attributable risk of 5.18 and 4.36%, respectively. For each index, the highest comorbidity burden was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (NIA/NCI: HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.14-4.01; Elixhauser: HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.09-1.42; ACE-27: HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.07-1.23; CCI: HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.05-1.42) and @entity5 -specific survival. The modified version of the CCI resulted in a higher predictive power compared with other indices studied ( @entity5 -specific mortality HR   =   2.37, 95% CI 1.37-4.08). CONCLUSIONS: The comorbidity assessment tools provided better prognostic prevision of prospective outcome of @entity14 @entity1 than single comorbid conditions.

title: Evaluation of four comorbidity indices and Charlson comorbidity index adjustment for XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with severe central nervous system (CNS) diseases, life-threatening @entity2753 results from two main causes: the syndromes of inappropriate @entity6085 ( @entity6085 ) and cerebral salt wasting (CSW). Clinical manifestations of the two conditions may be similar but their pathogeneses are fundamentally diverse. Distinguishing @entity6085 from CSW is based on the differential diagnoses of @entity2753 due to an excessive amount of water in the body ( @entity6085 ) and depletional @entity2753 caused by extensive natriuresis (CSW). METHODS AND RESULTS: We report the case of a 48-year-old, previously healthy male with a diffuse large @entity1892 affecting the area of the basal ganglia and the right part of the thalamus and oppressing the third brain ventricle. After admission to the Department of Hemato-oncology, the @entity1 was soporous and laboratory tests revealed severe serum @entity2753 , hypochloremia, hypoosmolality and marked @entity2011 with normal serum levels of @entity1133 , @entity1011 , @entity413 and @entity460 . Urinalysis showed high specific gravity of the urine and extreme wasting of @entity1372 , @entity2865 and @entity17745 ions. Overall fluid balance was negative. After the first chemotherapy cycle, the CT scan confirmed regression of the @entity5 site. This was accompanied by @entity1 's improved cognition as well as decreased @entity2011 and urine electrolyte excretion. Eventually, it was concluded that the diagnosis was cerebral salt wasting syndrome. CONCLUSION: We noted a so far unpublished case of a 48-year-old male with the diagnosis of primary @entity149 (DLBCL) affecting deep structures of the brain and associated with CSW.

title: Cerebral salt wasting syndrome in a @entity1 with primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity6085 :: ('MESH:D007177', 'Disease') :: ['SIADH', 'secretion of antidiuretic hormone']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['dilutional hyponatremia', 'hyponatremia']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['CNS lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hippocampal @entity2383 due to oxidative stress has been considered to play a major role in the pathogenesis of @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ). Previous studies suggested that acupuncture could improve @entity1779 -induced @entity73 . However, whether hippocampal mitochondria are associated with this cognitive improvement remains unclear. In this study, an animal model of @entity1294 was established via bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) to investigate the alterations of cognitive ability and hippocampal mitochondrial function. BCCAO @entity35 showed impairments in hippocampal mitochondrial function, overproduction of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and learning and @entity2414 . After two-week acupuncture treatment, BCCAO-induced @entity73 as shown in Morris water maze were ameliorated. Hippocampal mitochondrial respiratory complex enzymes (complex I, II, IV) activities and cytochrome c oxidase IV expression significantly increased, which might contribute to the reduction of hippocampal ROS generation. In addition, acupuncture significantly improve mitochondrial bioenergy parameters such as mitochondrial respiratory control rate and membrane potential not @entity9228 expression. Placebo-acupuncture did not produce similar therapeutic effects. These findings suggested that acupuncture reversed BCCAO-induced hippocampal @entity2383 , which might contribute to its prevention on @entity73 .

title: Acupuncture reversed hippocampal @entity2383 in @entity1294 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive impairments', 'spatial learning and memory impairments']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of sublevel IIB lymph node (LN) @entity3 for head and neck @entity5 in a large cohort of @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: One referral university hospital and 2 national institutes of oncology. @entity1 : Between 2003 and 2005, 297 @entity1 (male to female ratio, 3.5:1; mean age, 58.8 years [range, 18-89 years]) affected by @entity135 were treated by surgery on the @entity5 and/or the neck. Primary site distribution included the following: oral cavity in 111 @entity1 , larynx in 92, oropharynx in 32, thyroid gland in 22, skin of the lateral face or scalp in 16, hypopharynx in 11, unknown primary in 7, and @entity8174 in 6. Sublevel IIB was evaluated for the number of LNs and pathologic N (pN) status. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 underwent unilateral or bilateral @entity135 ( @entity135 ) with therapeutic or elective intent according to the primary site and clinical T (cT) and clinical N (cN) status. Sublevel IIB was selectively dissected at the beginning of @entity135 , labeled, and processed independently. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The distribution of @entity3 among the different levels was analyzed. The influence of several factors (institution in which the surgical procedure was performed, sex of the @entity1 , site of primary, histotype, pathologic T [pT] status, cN status, lower level involved in the neck together with sublevel IIB, association with sublevel IIA @entity3 , ipsilateral number of involved levels, and previous surgical treatment limited on the primary site) on the prevalence of sublevel IIB @entity3 was statistically evaluated by the Pearson chi(2) test or Fisher exact test. RESULTS: A total of 443 NDs were performed (unilateral in 151 @entity1 and bilateral in 146). Among the @entity1 , the @entity5 were staged cN0/pN0 in 27%, cN+/pN+ in 50%, cN+/pN0 in 7%, and cN0/pN+ in 16%. The mean number of LNs collected at sublevel IIB was 5.4 (range, 0-24). The overall prevalence of sublevel IIB @entity3 was 5.6% (26 neck sides). Tumor histologic type in the sublevel IIB+ population was @entity957 in 80%, @entity1377 in 8%, @entity320 in 8%, and @entity420 in 4%. The chi(2) test showed a significantly higher risk for LN @entity3 at sublevel IIB in @entity1 affected by @entity8174 @entity5 (33%), @entity5 of the skin or scalp (25%), unknown @entity5 (14%), and @entity1697 (10%) (P = .02) and in those clinically staged as cN+ (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Sublevel IIB dissection is strongly recommended for all @entity1 with cN+ @entity5 and in those affected by @entity5 of the @entity8174 , skin, and scalp scheduled for elective @entity135 . @entity1 affected by @entity5 scheduled for elective @entity135 can be considered the ideal candidates for preservation of sublevel IIB. However, whether this policy could be associated with a better functional outcome remains to be demonstrated by prospective studies on a large series of @entity1 .

title: Multicentric prospective study on the prevalence of sublevel IIb XXXX in @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'ND', 'neck dissection']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotid gland']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['cancers of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: @entity794 aminopeptidase S (AmpS) has been named for its predicted, but experimentally untested, aminopeptidase activity. The enzyme is homologous to biochemically characterized aminopeptidases that contain two @entity1953 or @entity219 ions in their active centers, but it is unrelated to all structurally characterized metallopeptidases. Here, we demonstrate AmpS aminopeptidase activity experimentally, and we present the 1.8-A crystal structure of the enzyme. Two metal ions with full occupancy and a third metal ion with low occupancy are present in the active site. A water molecule and @entity367 -319 serve as bridging ligands to the two metals with full occupancy. One of these metal ions is additionally coordinated by @entity367 -253 and His-348 and the other by His-381 and @entity2574 -383. In addition, the metals are involved in weak metal-donor interactions to a water molecule and to Tyr-355. In the crystal, AmpS forms a dimer with a large internal cavity. The active sites are located at opposite ends of this internal cavity and are essentially inaccessible from the outside, suggesting that an inactive conformation was crystallized. Because gel filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation data also suggest dimer formation, the problem of substrate access to the active site cavity remains unresolved.

title: XXXX aminopeptidase S is a founding member of a new peptidase clan.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: Sixty-seven consecutive symptomatic @entity1 with @entity340 ( @entity340 ) and no or slight @entity337 were prospectively examined bedside by a senior cardiologist before an invasive pre-operative investigation. A history of effort @entity1163 had the highest predictive value (pos), 100%, for a significant degree of @entity340 (defined as a calculated valve area less than or equal to 0.9 cm2 or a peak systolic pressure difference across the valve of greater than or equal to 40 mmHg). The absence of effort @entity1163 had a predictive value (neg) of 40%. The corresponding figures for peak intensity of the murmur in mid-systole were 93 and 82%, respectively. For the combination of effort @entity1163 and/or mid-systolic peak intensity of the murmur (borderline findings included) the predictive values were 90% (pos) and 94% (neg), respectively. No other combination of symptoms and physical finding was more discriminating. This combination of criteria for prediction of a significant stenosis was prospectively applied to the next 39 @entity340 @entity1 . The criteria were fulfilled by 29 @entity1 and all were found to have a significant @entity340 as were four of the 10 @entity1 not fulfilling the criteria. These four falsely negative @entity1 had a valve area/peak pressure difference of 0.5, 0.8, 0.8 cm2 and 43 mmHg. The inter-observer variation was studied in a third series by two senior cardiologists independently examining 22 @entity340 @entity1 . They were concordant in all with regard to a history of effort @entity1163 and in all but one (0.6 cm2) with regard to the timing of the peak murmur. Bedside examination of an @entity340 @entity1 by an experienced cardiologist has a good predictivity for severity, and the inter-observer variation is low. Non-invasive laboratory investigations have only a supplementary role. However, as many @entity1 have @entity951 , a pre-operative invasive procedure including coronary arteriography is often unavoidable.

title: Identifying severe XXXX by bedside examination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['effort angina']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic incompetence']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic valvular stenosis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['aortic valvular stenosis']


abstract: Measuring quality of life (QOL) is important, but to date, questionnaires to measure QOL in Mexican @entity1 with @entity170 ( @entity170 ) have not been validated. A study was carried out to culturally adapt and validate the Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for @entity170 (QUALEFFO) in a Mexican population. Interviews were performed with 160 @entity1 , 80 @entity1 with at least one @entity174 , and 80 @entity1 with @entity170 as determined by the World Health Organization criteria. Several cultural modifications were made to the Spanish version of the QUALEFFO. Content validity was assessed by a group of experts, and a pilot study was undertaken. At the same time, the Spanish version of the Short Form 36 (Medical Outcomes Study) was applied. The mean age of @entity1 was 71.9 +/- 11.1. The QOL questionnaire showed a test-retest reproducibility (R (i) = 0.94) and internal consistency (alpha = 0.92), while social function scored low (alpha = 0.46). Concurrent validity was significant (r = -0.837, p < 0.001). Significant differences were found between the two groups for @entity158 (p < 0.05), physical function (p < 0.01), social function (p < 0.01), mental function (p < 0.05), and number of @entity174 (p < 0.001). Discriminatory characteristics between the groups were significant for physical (p < 0.001), social (p < 0.001), and mental (p < 0.02) function. The cultural adaptation of the QUALEFFO was consistent, homogenous, and discriminative. It also showed deterioration in the QOL group of Mexicans with @entity174 . The QUALEFFO can be used in a Mexican population to measure the QOL in @entity1 with @entity174 after some cultural modifications to take into account local sensibilities.

title: Cultural adaptation and validation of the Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for XXXX (QUALEFFO) in a Mexican population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'OP', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']