abstract: Single-agent activity for @entity8253 reflected by response rates of 10%-30% has been reported in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Preclinical data indicate that alpha-interferon could enhance the cytotoxic activity of the @entity4349 @entity632 or its analog @entity1259 . In a phase I/II study, 31 @entity1 with biopsy-proven inoperable @entity157 were treated with @entity4020 given s.c. at a dose of 3 x 10(6) units/m2 per day for 5 days per week plus weekly @entity1259 given at 25 mg/m2 as an i.v. bolus. The protocol called for 4 consecutive weeks of treatment followed by 1 week off treatment. In all, 15 @entity1 had been previously treated; 6 @entity1 had failed hormonal therapy ( @entity440 ), 5 @entity1 had failed prior @entity4349 treatment, and 4 @entity1 had received chemoembolization of the @entity5 and had subsequently progressed. A total of 30 @entity1 were evaluable for response. In all, 1 @entity1 (3%) achieved a partial response for 8+ months and 11 @entity1 (35%) achieved stabilization of disease. Six @entity1 had a fall in alphafetoprotein (AFP) values of > 50% during therapy. The median survival for all @entity1 was 9.5 months (range, 3-34+ months). The main side effects were hematological @entity137 and @entity221 , both of which were considered tolerable. As an indicator of the immunostimulatory effects of interferon, an elevation in serum markers of inflammation [ @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity2262 ] was found in 15%-20% of @entity1 . All @entity1 had measurable Mx protein production during therapy, but these effects were not correlated to the clinical response. The clinical response rate achieved in this trial indicates that the combination of interferon and @entity1259 , at least when used on the schedule reported herein, is not superior to treatment with either agent alone for @entity1 with advanced @entity157 . However, single @entity1 achieved a prolonged progression-free interval (8-10+ months) on this therapy, and it may therefore be an option for @entity1 who have failed prior hormonal or single-agent @entity4349 therapy.

title: No synergistic activity of @entity1259 and XXXX in the treatment of @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-alpha 2b']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity4020 :: (3440,Gene) :: ['interferon-alpha 2b']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species released from luminal phagocytes in the airway can potentially injure the airway epithelium. Naturally occurring @entity26 radical scavengers must therefore exist to protect the epithelium. This study was designed to determine whether the high-molecular-weight fraction of normal @entity742 tracheal mucus has @entity273 ( @entity274 )-scavenging activity. Lyophilized mucus from 10 @entity742 was reconstituted in @entity1391 -buffered saline (PBS) or Krebs-Henseleit buffer. @entity274 was added to these mucus samples to a final concentration of 15 microM, and the level of @entity274 remaining was measured over a 10 min period. From a zero-time level of 17 +/- 1.8 microM (mean +/- SD), the @entity274 concentration fell within 10 min to 8 +/- 1.7 microM in 0.05%; to 3.9 +/- 2.2 microM in 0.1%; to 2.6 +/- 2.4 microM in 0.2%; and to 1.2 +/- 1.5 microM in 0.4% mucus reconstituted in PBS. The results obtained in Krebs-Henseleit buffer were similar. The disappearance of @entity274 was not due to the transformation into @entity3787 radicals. Heat and acid denaturation and cleavage of @entity1735 -free peptides from glycoproteins by pronase E treatment abolished the scavenging potential. Fractionation of 0.4% mucus samples according to molecular weight by gel filtration revealed that only one fraction with proteins of M(r) > 110 kD contained the active scavenger. @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and lectin blotting with Ulex europaeus I (UEAI) showed that both the whole mucus and the actively scavenging gel filtration fraction contained a glycoprotein that comigrated with a 205 kD molecular weight marker.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -scavenging properties of @entity742 airway mucus.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated protein antibodies ( @entity7134 ) are believed to be associated with more severe @entity309 ; however, studies in early @entity625 (EIA) have yielded conflicting results. Our study determined the prognosis of baseline @entity7134 -negative and RF-negative @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in the Canadian Early @entity625 Cohort had IgM RF and IgG anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies 2 (anti- @entity14965 ) measured at baseline. Remission was defined as a Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28) < 2.6 using logistic regression accounting for confounders at 12-month and 24-month followup. RESULTS: Of the 841 @entity1 , 216 (26%) were negative for both RF and anti- @entity14965 . Compared to seropositive subjects, seronegative subjects were older (57    15 vs 51    14 yrs), more males proportionately (31% vs 23%), and had shorter length of symptoms (166    87 vs 192    98 days), and at baseline had higher mean swollen joint count (SJC; 8.8    6.8 vs 6.5    5.6), DAS28 (5.0    1.6 vs 4.8    1.5), and @entity66 (32% vs 24%, p < 0.05). Treatment was similar between the 2 groups. At 24-month followup, seronegative compared to seropositive subjects had greater mean change (/\    SD) in disease activity measures: /\SJC counts (-6.9    7.0 vs -5.1    5.9), /\DAS28 (-2.4    2.0 vs -1.8    1.8), and /\ @entity1851 (-11.0    17.9 vs -6.4    17.5, p < 0.05). Accounting for confounders, antibody status was not significantly associated with remission. However, at 12-month followup, @entity7134 -positive subjects were independently more likely to have new @entity66 (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.45-5.94). CONCLUSION: Although seronegative subjects with EIA have higher baseline DAS28 compared to seropositive subjects, they have a good response to treatment and are less likely to develop @entity66 during followup.

title: Prognosis of Seronegative XXXX in a Large Prospective Cohort of @entity1 with Early Inflammatory @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity10771 is a new antimetabolite with demonstrated activity in @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). We have investigated the practicality of utilizing @entity3118 in combination with @entity5805 in a disease-specific phase I trial. Twenty-one @entity1 with advanced and previously treated, relapsed or @entity1072 were treated with @entity5805 plus @entity3118 . @entity5805 was given day 1 at 15 or 20 mg/m2 per os and @entity3118 days 1-5 at 10, 15, or 20 mg/m2 intravenously, every 28 days. We concluded that with @entity5805 15 mg/m2, the maximum tolerated dose for @entity3118 was 20 mg/m2 in this @entity1 population with this scheduling. Dose-limiting @entity137 was @entity882 . A low incidence of @entity1897 , @entity1910 , @entity12457 , and acute @entity5405 was also encountered. Although responses were observed, it was impossible from this study to determine whether the combination was better than @entity3118 alone in this heavily pretreated population. This study does, however, demonstrate the feasibility of exploring the utility of such a combination in previously untreated @entity1 . An intergroup phase III trial utilizing this combination has been initiated.

title: A phase I trial of combination @entity10771 and @entity5805 in XXXX : a Southwest Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5405 :: ('MESH:D015275', 'Disease') :: ['tumor lysis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity12457 :: ('MESH:D008172', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'refractory CLL']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil', 'Chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity10771 :: ('MESH:C042382', 'Chemical') :: ['Fludarabine monophosphate']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In various animal models the application of systemic heat and physical activity (PA) has induced an up-regulation of endothelial @entity842 synthase. Several experts in the field suggest shear stress as the main mechanism. A review was performed to summarize the results from clinical studies investigating the effect of mild systemic heat ( @entity5067 ) and PA on @entity734 ( @entity734 ) in @entity1 at increased @entity65 . METHODS: MEDLINE was searched from 1990 to 2008. @entity23 ( @entity23 ) investigating the effect of @entity5067 and/or PA on @entity734 in @entity1 with at least one @entity65 factor were included. RESULTS: For @entity5067 , no @entity23 were found, while for PA 12 @entity23 could be identified (n = 383 @entity1 ). Besides one trial, @entity734 was assessed as percent flow-mediated dilation (% @entity4631 ). Three meta-analyses were performed depending on @entity1 ' age as well as type and length of PA intervention. All trials revealed effects in favor of PA compared to a non-intervention control. For example, in a meta-analysis of 3 PA trials including 106 @entity1 and comparing 12-week aerobic exercise with a non-exercise control, @entity734 was statistically significantly improved (weighted mean difference: 2.14% @entity4631 ; 95% confidence interval: 1.12-3.15% @entity4631 ). CONCLUSION: The review provides clear evidence that PA improves endothelial function in @entity1 at increased @entity65 . For @entity5067 , evidence from @entity23 is lacking. However, because @entity5067 and PA are assumed to be based on the same main mechanism, a comparable effect of @entity5067 on endothelial function may be possible. This should be scrutinized in an RCT.

title: The role of mild systemic heat and physical activity on endothelial function in @entity1 with increased XXXX : results from a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['Randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['EDD', 'endothelium-dependent vasodilation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular risk']


abstract: The poor overall survival of @entity2 @entity1 treated with conventional therapies (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery) mandate novel approaches to treatment. Two novel approaches to treat @entity2 include gene therapy and immunologic therapy. Both treatments have preclinical data suggesting potential clinical use. In gene therapy, the identification of specific genes critical to the development of @entity105 has offered the opportunity to target these genes or their products for treatment. One possible gene therapy strategy that has been pursued in phase I and II @entity2 trials is to replace nonfunctional @entity5 suppressor genes such as mutated or deleted @entity876 genes with wild-type @entity876 genes by adenoviral gene transfer (Ad- @entity876 ). Transduction of the @entity5 has been accomplished with direct intratumoral injection or broncheoalveolar lavage. These studies have identified a potential role for radiosensitization of previously radiation-resistant local @entity5 by combining Ad- @entity876 with radiation or possibly chemoradiation. Another novel strategy that may allow systemic treatment of @entity2 is immunologic therapies. Immunotherapies have focused on augmenting the immune response to @entity5 by passive strategies (e.g., antivascular endothelial growth factor) or active nonspecific (e.g., interferon), or by specific (e.g., anti-idiotype therapy) strategies. These novel strategies are currently in clinical trials and will potentially allow additional therapeutic options for @entity1 resistant to conventional therapies.

title: Genetic and immunologic therapies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Aim of the study was to evaluate the relative value of the tools used to diagnose suspected @entity697 ( @entity697 ) in @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective review of data from 1   848 @entity1 admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Department between 2004 and 2008 in our university-affiliated medical center was conducted. A total of 780 @entity1 underwent appendectomy at first presentation. Of these @entity1 , 75 @entity1 required removal of their appendix during laparotomy for other reasons and 19 had appendectomy following peri- @entity2055 and were excluded from the study. The study included 686 @entity1 (2-16 years of age) with presumed @entity697 managed by appendectomy. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected and compared to pathology results. RESULTS: Of the 686 @entity1 who underwent surgery for suspected @entity697 , 34 (5%) had a normal appendix (negative appendectomy rate). No statistical differences were found between normal and @entity697 groups with regard to @entity391 , @entity294 , @entity158 duration, and peritoneal signs on admission. @entity1 in the @entity697 group were younger (10.9  3.2 vs. 12.1  2.3 years, p=0.004), had higher @entity221 (36.9  0.7  C vs. 37.4  0.8  C, p=0.004), WBC (14.8  4.8 vs. 10.5  4.6 103/mL, p<0.0005), and neutrophil counts (77.2  11.1% vs. 64.0  15.9%, p<0.0005) on admission, and larger appendicular diameters on ultrasound (US) examination (0.9  0.2   cm vs. 0.7  0.08   cm, p<0.0005). The parameters with the highest positive predictive values for @entity697 were WBC (>10 10 (3)/mL), neutrophil (>66%) count on admission (positive predictive value [ @entity2286 ]=0.971 and 0.975, respectively), and appendicular diameter on US (>6   mm; @entity2286 =0.968). These 3 parameters combined had a @entity2286 of 0.991. CONCLUSIONS: The results of laboratory tests (WBC, neutrophils) and imaging (US) contributed far more than clinical signs and symptoms ( @entity158 duration, @entity391 , @entity294 , @entity221 , and peritoneal signs at first physical examination) to the correct diagnosis of @entity697 in @entity1 . When these 3 parameters were positive, the probability of a false positive (normal appendix) was only 1%. The contribution of US was particularly high as it was used primarily in @entity1 in whom the diagnosis was in doubt and its results matched the final diagnosis better than diagnoses based on clinical signs and symptoms alone. It provides the additional benefit of no radiation exposure.

title: Relative value of clinical, laboratory and imaging tools in diagnosing pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['appendicular abscess']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since 2007, we have performed 14 AB0-incompatible (AB0i) living kidney transplantations to increase the number of living kidney transplantations. METHODS: To prevent clotting, donor kidneys were perfused with an HTK/heparin solution with heparin washed out immediately pretransplantation. However, in 4/14 recipients, significant postoperative @entity548 occurred with the need for surgical intervention in 3 @entity1 . To analyze the cause of postoperative diffuse @entity548 , sequentially before and after opening the graft @entity254 , we prospectively performed coagulation studies: partial thromboplastin time (PTT), @entity556 time, thromboplastin time, @entity2002 , @entity5582 , D-dimers, plasminogen, and thrombelastography. RESULTS: We found no clotting disturbances owing to blood group-specific immunoadsorption. However, 3/4 @entity1 with @entity548 complications showed elevated PTT values even 2 hours after opening the @entity254 , which was proven to be a heparin effect by in vitro application of heparinase. @entity9660 and disturbances of @entity1423 were not detected. Because of these results, we lowered the heparin dose administered after donor nephrectomy from initially 10,000-20,000 to 4000 IU resulting in significantly lower PTT values at 2 hours (34.6    4.5 s among @entity1 6-14 vs 69.0    16.3 s among @entity1 1-5; P = .012). There were no further @entity548 complications. Lowering the heparin dosage had no impact on graft function: serum @entity1011 at discharge of 1.5    0.1 versus 1.6    0.2 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: Our data indicated that @entity86 after AB0i kidney transplantation was associated with the amount of heparin used for graft perfusion after donor nephrectomy. The use of antifibrinolytic agents may be harmful; no hyperfibrinolysis takes place in the AB0i transplant setting.

title: XXXX after AB0-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity9660 :: ('MESH:C567640', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperfibrinolysis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative bleeding']


abstract: @entity2727 , @entity16703 , and @entity6700 were studied for their treatment efficacy in @entity2724 . A low, intermediate, and high dose level of each drug was studied for 1 week. For @entity2727 the doses were 10, 30, or 60 mg/day; for @entity16703 , 18.75, 56.25, or 112.5 mg/day; and for @entity6700 10, 30, or 60 mg/day. The order of dose levels was random from subject to subject and the daily dose was divided into thirds and taken in identically appearing capsules morning, noon, and afternoon. Subjects were 6 @entity2724 @entity1 studied on @entity2727 (5 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ; mean age 54.5 + 11.7 years), 7 @entity2724 @entity1 studied on @entity16703 (5 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ; mean age 43.0 + 7.1 years), and 4 @entity2724 @entity1 studied on @entity6700 (2 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ; mean age 42.5 + 16.9 years). Testing consisted of day-long sessions occurring at the end of each dose level and involving a clinical status questionnaire as well as maintenance of wakefulness, @entity10970 , and Digit-Symbol Substitution tests. Results were compared with 9 control subjects with no @entity25 (5 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ; mean age 39.2 + 8.4 years) who were given placebo that was purported to be a "stimulant drug" and tested in a similar manner. Results demonstrated profound differences in ability to stay awake and perform between @entity2724 @entity1 and controls. Data also suggested that @entity2727 significantly improves ability to stay awake. @entity16703 seems to improve ability to perform. @entity6700 does not significantly alter ability to stay awake or to perform.

title: Treatment of @entity2724 : objective studies on @entity2727 , XXXX , and @entity6700 .

entities_list: @entity6700 :: ('MESH:D011530', 'Chemical') :: ['Protriptyline', 'protriptyline']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10970 :: ('MESH:D012872', 'Disease') :: ['Wilkinson addition']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy', 'narcoleptic']

entities_list: @entity16703 :: ('MESH:D010389', 'Chemical') :: ['pemoline', 'Pemoline']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate']

answer: @entity16703 :: (MESH:D010389,Chemical) :: ['pemoline']


abstract: A histologic, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopic study of the intracellular parasitism of @entity4003 (the Q fever agent) in @entity19 lungs after intranasal challenge was undertaken. It was shown that this microorganism invades type I and, rarely, @entity1605 as well as pulmonary fibroblasts and histiocytes. The infectious process can be described as a focal @entity32 with the macrophages prevailing in the exudate. It is self-limited, with a complete resolution. The @entity32 is associated with @entity891 and with increased secretory activity by @entity1605 . Alveolar macrophages and granulocytes degrade @entity4003 . This degradation is followed by damage to and eventual disintegration of some macrophages and by damage to some bacterium-free pneumocytes and vascular endothelial cells in the vicinity of macrophages degrading organisms. The cell damage might be caused by lipopolysaccharide released from degraded organisms. The infectious process is also associated with the influx of T cells in the pneumonic foci, T-cell attachment to the macrophages degrading organisms, and fusion of some macrophages. These are considered a morphologic expression of cell-mediated immunity involved in the infectious process.

title: Histologic, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopic study of infectious process in XXXX lung after intranasal challenge with @entity4003 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intra-alveolar inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['type II pneumocytes']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectases']

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['C. burnetii', 'Coxiella burnetii']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: The study aims to perform joint estimation of the risk of recurrence caused by inadequate radiation dose coverage of lymph node targets and the risk of @entity1370 caused by radiation exposure to the heart. Delivered photon plans are compared with realistic proton plans, thereby providing evidence-based estimates of the heterogeneity of treatment effects in consecutive cases for the 2 radiation treatment modalities. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-one @entity1 referred for postlumpectomy comprehensive @entity2917 irradiation for left-sided @entity0 were included. Comparative proton plans were optimized by a spot scanning technique with single-field optimization from 2 en face beams. @entity1370 risk was estimated with the model of Darby et  al, and risk of recurrence following a compromise of lymph node coverage was estimated by a linear dose-response model fitted to the recurrence data from the recently published EORTC (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 ) 22922/10925 and NCIC-CTG (National @entity5 Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group) MA.20 randomized controlled trials. RESULTS: Excess absolute risk of cardiac morbidity was small with photon therapy at an attained age of 80  years, with median values of 1.0% (range, 0.2%-2.9%) and 0.5% (range, 0.03%-1.0%) with and without cardiac risk factors, respectively, but even lower with proton therapy (0.13% [range, 0.02%-0.5%] and 0.06% [range, 0.004%-0.3%], respectively). The median estimated excess absolute risk of @entity0 recurrence after 10  years was 0.10% (range, 0.0%-0.9%) with photons and 0.02% (range, 0.0%-0.07%) with protons. The association between age of the @entity1 and benefit from proton therapy was weak, almost non-existing (Spearman rank correlations of -0.15 and -0.30 with and without cardiac risk factors, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Modern photon therapy yields limited risk of @entity1370 in most @entity1 , but proton therapy can reduce the predicted risk of @entity1370 by up to 2.9% and the risk of @entity0 recurrence by 0.9% in individual @entity1 . Predicted benefit correlates weakly with age. Combined assessment of the risk from cardiac exposure and inadequate target coverage is desirable for rational consideration of competing photon and proton therapy plans.

title: Joint Estimation of XXXX and Recurrence Risks After Comprehensive Nodal Photon Versus Proton Therapy for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['nodal photon']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiotoxicity', 'cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 is a risk factor for @entity65 , increasing all-cause mortality. Some evidence suggests that @entity409 is present in the early stages of @entity177 , but no data exist about its possible role in the progression of @entity8 . Thus, we prospectively evaluated the effect of endothelial function on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in essential @entity101 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 500 never-treated uncomplicated @entity101 subjects with serum @entity1011 < or =1.5 mg/dL. Endothelial function was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography during intra-arterial infusion of @entity934 and @entity1854 . eGFR was calculated by use of the @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration equation. The annual rate of decline of eGFR (DeltaeGFR/y) was determined as the difference between the follow-up and baseline eGFR values, with this value divided by the time interval in years. During follow-up (92.3+/-36.2 months), mean DeltaeGFR/y was 1.49+/-1.65 mL . @entity1009 ) . 1.73 m(-)(2), with no significant differences between @entity1 and @entity1 (1.55+/-1.72 versus 1.43+/-1.58 mL . @entity1009 ) . 1.73 m(-)(2), respectively; P=0.455). This was correlated with @entity934 -stimulated forearm blood flow (r=-0.256, P<0.0001), @entity1011 (r=0.141, P=0.001), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.103, P=0.01), and eGFR (r=0.092, P=0.020). In multivariable regression analysis, forearm blood flow and systolic blood pressure remained associated with change in eGFR. On average, eGFR changed by 0.37 mL . @entity1009 ) . 1.73 m(-)(2) for each 100% change in forearm blood flow (P<0.001) and by 0.1 mL . @entity1009 ) . 1.73 m(-)(2) for each difference of 10 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (P=0.032). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that @entity934 -stimulated vasodilation and systolic blood pressure were associated with eGFR loss after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors and antihypertensive treatment.

title: XXXX and subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate in @entity101 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'Chronic Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: Until recently, it has been impossible to determine which @entity1 with resected @entity5 are among the 30% who will die of @entity5 within 5 years of surgery. Bioinformatics tools applied to @entity2 expression profiling data have identified prognostic genes that have been used to develop predictor models, but thus far, these models have not been incorporated into routine clinical use because of their inherent complexity and requirement for relatively large numbers of genes. We have used ratios of gene expression to overcome these limitations. Here, we evaluate the ability of this technique to identify @entity1 with @entity2 at risk for recurrence. We derived candidate ratio-based tests from analysis of 36 @entity2 samples using previously published expression profiling data. Eleven of these tests were identified for additional study and assessed for classification accuracy in an independent set of 60 @entity2 samples. We then evaluated the optimal ratio-based test in the independent samples using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Finally, we examined the ability of this test to predict outcome in a set of 97 stage I @entity0 . We found that subsets of the independent @entity2 samples predicted to be associated with either good or poor outcome using the optimal ratio-based test differed significantly (P=0.0056) in terms of survival with a classification accuracy of 74% (P=0.0043, Fisher's exact test). When this test was applied to stage @entity2 , most specimens were classified as poor outcome @entity5 . Interestingly, we found that the same test significantly (P=0.0417) predicted recurrence of stage I @entity0 , suggesting that at least some of the marker genes we identified may have generalized prognostic significance for @entity420 . Our results provide additional evidence that expression ratios are highly accurate in predicting @entity5 recurrence and may be used in a simple test to predict response to surgical therapy in early-stage @entity2220 .

title: A prognostic test for XXXX from gene expression profiling data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors', 'breast adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I lung cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['stage I lung adenocarcinoma', 'lung cancer', 'II and III lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an inter-relationship exists between endocervical mucus pH, serum @entity342 levels, and waist to hip (W:H) ratio. SETTING: Donor insemination clinic, University of Sheffield, Jessop Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom. @entity1 : One hundred @entity1 receiving donor insemination. INTERVENTIONS: Waist, hip, height, and weight measurements were recorded for 100 @entity1 receiving donor insemination. At the onset of the LH surge when @entity1 attended for their first insemination, a sample of endocervical mucus and blood was taken. The Insler score of the mucus was recorded and the pH was measured with multirange pH paper. Of the 100 @entity1 studied, 10 cases had an endocervical mucus pH < 6 despite Insler scores of > 10. Serum T, DHEAS, and @entity2671 levels were measured in the 10 @entity1 with pH < 6 and in 26 @entity1 selected at random from the 90 @entity1 with pH > or = 6. RESULTS: The W:H ratio was significantly higher in the @entity1 with pH < 6 than pH > or = 6. No significant difference was seen in body mass index between the latter groups. All serum @entity342 levels were significantly higher in the @entity1 with pH < 6 than pH > or = 7. CONCLUSION: A potential link (serum @entity342 levels) between a powerful predictive factor of fertility (W:H ratio) and a potential mechanism of subfertility (low endocervical mucus pH) has been demonstrated. This observation warrants further detailed evaluation particularly as it has been shown that a low endocervical mucus pH may be corrected by simple inexpensive treatment.

title: Endocervical mucus pH is inversely related to serum XXXX levels and waist to hip ratio.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: Purpose. To investigate the extent to which shared genetic variants control (1) @entity735 and susceptibility to visually induced @entity735 growth. Methods. Two laboratory-reared populations of chicks were examined. The first was a three-generation pedigree of White Leghorn (WL) birds used in a selective breeding experiment testing susceptibility to monocular deprivation of sharp vision (DSV). The chicks were assessed before (age, 4 days) and after 4 days of treatment with diffusers. The second was the 10th generation of an advanced intercross line (AIL) derived from a @entity655 (age, 3 weeks). Variance components analysis was used to estimate heritability and to assess the evidence for shared genetic determination. Results. All measured ocular components were moderately or highly heritable (range, 0.36-0.61; all P < 0.001) in both @entity1573 populations, and there were strong genetic correlations across the traits, corneal curvature, vitreous chamber depth, and axial length. The genetic correlations between eye size and @entity1714 susceptibility traits were not significantly different from 0. Conclusions. The genetic variants controlling ocular component dimensions in chicks are shared across some ocular traits (corneal curvature, vitreous chamber depth, and axial length) but distinct for others (lens thickness and @entity2687 ). The genetic variants controlling susceptibility to visually induced @entity1714 in chicks are different from those controlling normal eye size.

title: Heritability of ocular component dimensions in @entity1573 : genetic variants controlling susceptibility to experimentally induced XXXX and pretreatment eye size are distinct.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['multiple ocular component dimensions and (2) both normal eye length', 'myopic eye']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal thickness']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['broiler-layer cross']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: Purpose: To investigate the topical effect of @entity15438 versus @entity6058 on @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) and @entity15439 ( @entity15439 ) macular @entity4 . Methods: Prospective, randomized and interventional study. A total of 28 eyes of 18 @entity1 were included. Five eyes had @entity15439 , 23 had @entity6391 . Fifteen eyes were allocated to @entity6058 @entity8973 0.5% (4 drops daily regimen) and 13 eyes to @entity15438 2% (3 drops daily regimen) treatment groups. Snellen's best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), foveal thickness (FT) and @entity2070 ( @entity2070 ) measured by Stratus   optical coherence tomography (OCT) were evaluated at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Results: @entity1 assigned to @entity6058 had a baseline BCVA of 0.37    0.17 logMAR which improved at the end of 1 year to 0.28    0.16 (p = 0.02). Three eyes (20%) of 2 @entity1 improved by 7 letters or more. Mean FT and @entity2070 did not change significantly during the study follow-up. After 1 year of treatment, 4 eyes (27%) of 3 @entity1 showed an improvement of at least 16% of FT and 11% of @entity2070 . @entity1 assigned to @entity15438 had a baseline BCVA of 0.48    0.34 logMAR which improved in the first 6 months (0.40    0.30; p = 0.01), with a decrease at 1 year (0.42    0.27; p = 0.20). Seven eyes (54%) of 5 @entity1 had an improvement of 7 letters or more. Mean FT and @entity2070 did not change significantly either. After 1 year of treatment, 3 eyes (23%) of 2 @entity1 showed an improvement of at least 16% on FT and 11% on @entity2070 . Conclusions: Results suggest that @entity15438 and @entity6058 might improve visual acuity and therefore be of interest in selected cases. No relationship between @entity227 was found. Sample size was a limitation to the study.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Comparison of Topical @entity15438 and @entity6058 Treatment for Cystoid Macular Edema in XXXX and @entity15439 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['retinal thickness fluctuation and visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['dorzolamide hydrochloride', 'dorzolamide']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ["Usher's syndrome", 'US']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['foveal zone thickness', 'FZT']

entities_list: @entity8973 :: ('MESH:D014325', 'Chemical') :: ['tromethamine']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['Retinitis Pigmentosa']


abstract: Opioid peptides have a variety of actions on inter alia pituitary hormone secretion and the immune system. Release of endogenous opioids has been found to stimulate growth of experimental @entity0 and opiate receptor blockers have reduced the growth of chemically induced @entity35 @entity0 . Opioid peptides may therefore play a role in @entity1 @entity0 . Invasive @entity513 from 61 premenopausal @entity1 were immunocytochemically analyzed for the presence of opioid peptide immunoreactivity. Positive staining was unambiguously identified in 34 of the @entity5 (56%). In addition, a @entity189 was positive. In a smaller series of @entity5 , opioid peptide immunoreactive cells were detected in both @entity5 and @entity3 . Positive @entity5 cells were usually few and scattered. Therefore, underestimates of their true frequency of occurrence are likely to have occurred, making accurate correlations with clinical behavior and @entity172 receptor status difficult. No correlations with @entity172 receptors were established for the unambiguously opioid peptide-positive @entity5 . Many of the positive @entity5 also stained with antibodies to gamma-endorphin and @entity4545 , suggesting the presence of proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides in them. However, peptides derived from other opioid precursors also may be present in @entity0 .

title: Immunoreactive opioid peptides in XXXX @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present an 8-year clinical experience in the endovascular treatment of @entity1028 (AAA) with fenestrated stent grafts. METHODS: At our tertiary referral centre, all @entity1 treated with fenestrated and branched stent grafts have been enrolled in an investigational device protocol database. @entity1 with @entity1028 managed with fenestrated @entity439 repair (F-EVAR) between November 2001 and April 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 treated at other hospitals under the supervision of the main author were excluded from the study. @entity1 treated for suprarenal or thoraco-abdominal @entity439 were also excluded. All stent grafts used were customised based on the Zenith system. Indications for repair, operative and postoperative mortality and morbidity were evaluated. Differences between groups were determined using analysis of variance with P < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 (87 males/13 females) with a median age of 73 years (range, 50-91 years) were treated during the study period; this included 16 @entity1 after previous open surgery or EVAR. Thirty-day mortality was 1%. Intra-operative conversion to open repair was needed in one @entity1 . Operative visceral vessel perfusion rate was 98.9% (272/275). Median follow-up was 24 months (range, 1-87 months). Twenty-two @entity1 died during follow-up, all @entity439 unrelated. No @entity1756 . Estimated survival rates at 1, 2 and 5 years were 90.3 +/- 3.1%, 84.4 +/- 4.0% and 58.5 +/- 8.1%, respectively. Cumulative visceral branch patency was 93.3 +/- 1.9% at 5 years. Visceral artery stent occlusions all occurred within the first 2 postoperative years. @entity8 were observed, of which three were associated with occlusion. Twenty-five @entity1 had an increase of serum @entity1011 of more than 30%; two of them required dialysis. In general, mean @entity439 sac size decreased significantly during follow-up (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Fenestrated stent grafting for @entity1028 appears safe and effective on the longer term. Renal function deterioration, however, is a major concern.

title: Fenestrated stent grafting for XXXX : an 8-year single-centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Four renal artery stent fractures']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['short-necked or juxtarenal AAA', 'short-necked and juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm ruptured']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['short-necked and juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a flow cytometric method to detect and quantitate serum anti-DNA antibodies using unfixed, swollen and decondensed @entity1 sperm nuclei and to examine the relationship between antibodies against sperm surface antigens to the presence of antibodies against nuclear antigens. DESIGN: Serum IgG and IgG subclass antibodies to decondensed sperm nuclei were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) flow cytometry. Sera were screened by IIF for anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies using the protozoan Crithidia luciliae as the substrate and for antinuclear antibodies using @entity1 epithelial (HEp 2) cells, respectively. All sera were assessed for antibodies against the sperm plasma membrane by an indirect immunobead test. SETTING: Infertility laboratory at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and rheumatology laboratory at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. @entity1 : Sera from 33 antisperm antibody-positive @entity1 (5 subgroups), 33 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ; 6 subgroups), and 20 normal controls were selected. RESULTS: IgG antibodies against decondensed sperm nuclear DNA were detected in 11 (33.3%) of 33 antisperm antibody-positive @entity1 versus 14 (42.4%) of 33 @entity1 with @entity1252 . Anti-DNA antibodies were most prevalent in vasectomized @entity1 and in antisperm antibody positive @entity1 with @entity1252 . In the sera from @entity1 with @entity1252 , the presence of the anti-nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibody was associated with the presence of sperm head-directed antisperm antibodies. Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies were found in 6 (18.1%) of 33 sera from patients with antisperm antibody and 17 (51.5%) of 33 sera from @entity1 with @entity1252 . Antinuclear antibodies were found in only 9 (27.2%) of 33 sera from patients with antisperm antibody and 30 (90.9%) of 33 sera from @entity1 with @entity1252 . All 20 of the control sera gave negative results in the three tests. Serum IgG reactivity to sperm nuclei was predominantly of the IgG1 and @entity3172 subclasses. CONCLUSION: Anti-DNA is frequently found in either patients with antisperm antibodies or @entity1 with @entity1252 . Our results indicated that decondensed sperm nuclei can provide a specific substrate for screening serum anti-DNA antibodies.

title: Autoantibodies to decondensed sperm nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid in patients with antisperm antibodies and XXXX detected by immunofluorescence flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: @entity1841 ( @entity1841 ) and its receptor type 1A ( @entity1842 ) play significant roles in cartilage metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible correlation between intra-articular expression of these proteins and the degree of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) in @entity1 knees. METHODS: Biopsies of synovia and debrided cartilage were taken in 15 @entity1 undergoing autologous chondrocyte implantation. Expression of @entity1841 and @entity1842 was evaluated semi-quantitatively by immunohistologic staining. These data were complemented by grading of cartilage lesions according to International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS), defect size, duration of complaints, @entity626 scoring system (KOSS) and Henderson and Kellgren-Lawrence scores. General histologic stainings were used to determine Mankin, Pritzker and Krenn scores. RESULTS: The expression of @entity1842 but not of @entity1841 was significantly higher in cartilage biopsies taken in type 3 lesions with intact subchondral layer compared with type 4 defects (P <   0.05). In cartilage areas of bordering sectors, the intensity of immunohistologic staining of @entity1842 was statistically significantly higher in mature cartilage compared with repair zones (P <   0.05). Expression of @entity1841 and its receptor 1A correlated in the cartilage biopsies (P <   0.02) but not in the synovia. The degree of @entity571 was scored in all biopsies according to Mankin and Pritzker, and these scores correlated statistically significantly with @entity1842 expression in the synovia (P <   0.05). In @entity1 with an @entity1843 , the degree of @entity571 was higher compared with other causes of @entity1844 , as evaluated by defect size, ICRS score, duration of complaints, Pritzker score and expression of @entity1842 in cartilage (P <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data support the role of @entity1842 as an indicator of @entity571 progression in @entity1 knees with circumscribed cartilage lesions.

title: Expression of BMP-receptor type 1A correlates with progress of @entity571 in XXXX knee joints with focal cartilage lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['chondromalacia']

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['BMP-2', 'Bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity1843 :: ('MESH:D010008', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondritis dissecans']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age is an important determinant of outcomes for @entity1 with @entity1187 . However, community practice reveals a disproportionately lower use of cardiovascular medications and invasive treatment even among elderly @entity1 who would stand to benefit. Limited trial data are available to guide care of older adults, which results in uncertainty about benefits and risks, particularly with newer medications or invasive treatments and in the setting of advanced age and complex health status. METHODS AND RESULTS: Part II of this American Heart Association scientific statement summarizes evidence on presentation and treatment of ST-segment-elevation @entity583 in relation to age (< 65, 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and > or = 85 years). The purpose of this statement is to identify areas in which the evidence is sufficient to guide practice in the elderly and to highlight areas that warrant further study. Treatment-related benefits should rise in an elderly population, yet data to confirm these benefits are limited, and the heterogeneity of older populations increases treatment-associated risks. Elderly @entity1 with ST-segment-elevation @entity583 more often have relative and absolute contraindications to reperfusion, so eligibility for reperfusion declines with age, and yet elderly @entity1 are less likely to receive reperfusion even if eligible. Data support a benefit from reperfusion in elderly subgroups up to age 85 years. The selection of reperfusion strategy is determined more by availability, time from presentation, shock, and comorbidity than by age. Additional data are needed on selection and dosing of adjunctive therapies and on complications in the elderly. A "one-size-fits-all" approach to care in the oldest old is not feasible, and ethical issues will remain even in the presence of adequate evidence. Nevertheless, if the contributors to treatment benefits and risks are understood, guideline-recommended care may be applied in a @entity1 -centered manner in the oldest subset of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Few trials have adequately described treatment effects in older @entity1 with ST-segment-elevation @entity583 . In the future, absolute and relative risks for efficacy and safety in age subgroups should be reported, and trials should make efforts to enroll the elderly in proportion to their prevalence among the treated population. Outcomes of particular relevance to the older adult, such as quality of life, physical function, and independence, should also be evaluated, and geriatric conditions unique to this age group, such as frailty and @entity73 , should be considered for their influence on care and outcomes. With these efforts, treatment risks can be minimized, and benefits can be placed within the health context of the elderly @entity1 .

title: Acute coronary care in the elderly, part II: ST-segment-elevation XXXX : a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: in collaboration with the Society of Geriatric Cardiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess therapeutic education program impact for @entity6250 ( @entity571 ) at both the medical and surgical stage. Factors limiting efficiency and implementation of these programs such as @entity1 ' beliefs will be highlighted. METHOD: A non systematic literature review on Medline and Cochrane Library databases from 1966 to 2009 using following key words "knee/ @entity570 ", "self-care/therapeutic education", "total hip/knee replacement/arthroplasty", " @entity1 ' beliefs" is conducted. Clinical trials and randomized clinical trials, as well as literature reviews and practice guidelines, published in English and French will be analysed. RESULTS: Therapeutic education is part of the non-pharmacological management of @entity102 such as @entity571 . The aim of education at an early stage of @entity571 is to change @entity1 ' lifestyle, especially the regular practice of physical activity and @entity353 . Fears and avoidance assessment is necessary before @entity1 ' education process. When a surgical option is considered, the aim of education is to hasten @entity1 recovery, improve autonomy after surgery, facilitate the return home and reduce the rate of transfer to a rehabilitation unit. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of therapeutic education could be optimised for the management of @entity571 with use of standardized rules and methods to deliver information and education. One way to improve therapeutic education in the management of @entity571 could be to propose dedicated continuing medical education programs supported by specific economic sources for health care professionals.

title: Impact of self-care programs for XXXX and influence of @entity1 ' beliefs.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity6250 :: (MESH:D038061,Disease) :: ['lower limb osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Comparison of prevalence of @entity65 risks in @entity1 with chronic traumatic @entity451 with those in the general population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparative study. SUBJECTS: A total of 135 individuals, age range 18-79 years, with chronic (> or = 1 year) traumatic @entity451 . METHODS: The prevalences of @entity6 , dyslipidaemia, @entity101 , overweight, and smoking, were assessed in the study population and were compared with an age- and gender-matched sample of the general population in the region under study. History of @entity583 and medication for dyslipidaemia, @entity101 , and @entity6 were also recorded. chi2 tests were used to compare the paraplegic cohort with the general population sample. RESULTS: Significantly more @entity1 with @entity451 reported a history of @entity583 (5.9%) than those in the comparison group (0.7%). The prevalences of @entity6 (5.9%), dyslipidaemia (11.1%), and @entity101 (14.1%) were also significantly higher in the paraplegic group, as were drug treatment for these disorders. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity451 report increased prevalences of @entity6 , @entity101 , and dyslipidaemia, in particular, compared with the general population. Population-based screening and therapeutic counter-measures for these conditions may therefore be particularly indicated for this @entity1 group.

title: Increased @entity65 risk in Swedish XXXX with @entity451 : The Stockholm spinal cord injury study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine if a @entity5 @entity1 's comfort level discussing end-of-life care issues with her caregivers is related to her @entity204 level. MATERIALS/METHODS: Gynecologic oncology clinic @entity1 were asked to rate their degree of agreeability with 4 statements regarding comfort level discussing end-of-life care issues. @entity1 also completed the Hoge's Intrinsic Religiosity Scale and Templer's Death @entity148 Scale. RESULTS: Four hundred one surveys were distributed. One hundred twenty-nine @entity1 participated, with a response rate of 32.2%. The median age of the sample was 55 years. Most @entity1 were white (72.9%), married (58.9%), and Christian (85.3%). Most @entity1 had @entity43 (40.4%). Of the 74 @entity1 who knew their @entity5 stage, 59% had been diagnosed with advanced (stage III-IV) disease. Thirty-three percent were currently in remission, and 17% had recurrent disease. Of all @entity1 surveyed, 32.6% were currently receiving treatment. Chemotherapy was the most common treatment (62% of those being treated). Higher level of comfort discussing end-of-life care topics such as do-not-resuscitate orders with family members was significantly associated with @entity204 (P = 0.008 and P = 0.001). There was no significant association between comfort level when @entity1 discussed do-not-resuscitate orders with physicians and @entity1 ' @entity204 (P = 0.14). After controlling for age, race, marital status, education level, current treatment status, and religiosity, linear regression analysis demonstrated that the relationship between a @entity1 's increased comfort level when discussing end-of-life care topics with family members and @entity204 remained statistically significant (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Conversations regarding goals of treatment are an important component of caring for @entity5 @entity1 . Death @entity148 may contribute to decreased communication between @entity1 and their family members regarding the @entity1 's end-of-life care wishes. Obtaining a better understanding of the role @entity204 plays in end-of-life care discussions may help @entity1 receive the end-of-life care they desire.

title: Does XXXX affect end-of-life care discussions?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death anxiety', 'decreased death anxiety']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death anxiety']


abstract: AIMS: In this paper we describe the clinical characteristics, and particularly the @entity302 and electroencephalographic findings, in 15 @entity1 with a pathology diagnosis of @entity12030 ( @entity12030 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Nine female and six male @entity1 were studied and their clinical records covering the period February 1990 to June 2003 were analysed. Neuroimaging, neurometabolic studies, ERG, PE and repeated EEG were carried out in all cases. RESULTS: The mean age on onset of the disease was 3 years (range: 1-5 years). The initial symptom was @entity302 in all cases. Massive myoclonias and @entity3148 were the most frequent kinds of attacks. @entity628 were observed in six @entity1 . Other types of @entity302 observed included generalised @entity3173 , absence, motor focal and complex focal. The @entity302 were resistant to therapy. Progressive @entity227 , pyramidal and cerebellar signs, as well as @entity1032 were present in all cases. Intercritical EEG recordings showed diffuse paroxysms with spike and polyspike waves, multifocal spikes and, less often, focal spikes that were predominant in posterior regions. Photostimulation showed high amplitude (300-450) occipital spikes during the application of light stimulation between 1 and 8 Hz. ERG, VEP and SSEP results were pathological. Images showed signs of brain and @entity76 . Seven of the @entity1 died between 8.5 and 11 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Late infantile @entity12030 must be considered in the case of a @entity1 aged between 1 and 5 years who presents @entity410 that are predominantly generalised myoclonias and @entity3148 , in association with progressive @entity16 including pyramidal, cerebellar and visual signs and an EEG trace showing @entity7965 triggered by low frequency photostimulation.

title: [Clinical and electroencephalographic aspects of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['neurological and visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['Focal myoclonias']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic']

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis', 'NCL']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['occipital paroxysms']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic-atonic', 'myoclonic-atonic seizures']

answer: @entity12030 :: (MESH:D009472,Disease) :: ['late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis']


abstract: To remind clinicians and clinical microbiologists of the clinical features and therapeutic aspects of @entity884 , @entity1 with @entity884 from 1986 to 1997 were identified via an enquiry to clinical microbiologists across Denmark. For all @entity1 records were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of @entity884 , and the clinical course, therapy and outcome were analysed. 16 @entity1 with @entity884 were found. All pneumococcal isolates were sensitive to penicillin. 15 @entity1 had no previously known @entity340 , 10 @entity1 had X-ray-proven @entity55 and 5 had @entity693 . The aortic valve was affected in 13 @entity1 , of whom 12 developed @entity337 and 11 @entity712 . Of 7 @entity1 who underwent surgery, 6 needed immediate cardiac valve replacement. The 30-day case fatality rate was 19% (95% confidence limits 4-46%). @entity884 must be considered when treating @entity1 with pneumococcaemia. The most important clue to the diagnosis is a significant murmur and development of @entity712 . Evaluation by transoesophageal echocardiography is helpful in determining the diagnosis and assessing the need for surgical intervention. With appropriate antibiotic therapy, close observation and cardiac valve replacement if necessary, the prognosis is better than recorded in earlier studies.

title: XXXX is not just a disease of the past: an analysis of 16 cases diagnosed in Denmark 1986-1997.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal endocarditis', 'definitive pneumococcal endocarditis', 'Pneumococcal endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Pneumococcal endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-intensity interval training has been shown to be superior to moderate continuous exercise training in improving exercise capacity and endothelial function in @entity1 with @entity453 . The objective of this study was to evaluate this training model on in-stent restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention for stable or unstable @entity951 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively randomized 40 @entity1 after percutaneous coronary intervention with implantation of a bare metal stent (n = 30) or drug eluting stent (n = 32) to a 6-month supervised high-intensity interval exercise training program (n = 20) or to a control group (n = 20). At six months, restenosis, measured as in-segment late luminal loss of the stented coronary area, was smaller in the training group 0.10 (0.52) mm compared to the control group 0.39 (0.38) mm (P = .01). Reduction of late luminal loss in the training group was consistent with both stent types. Peak @entity26 uptake increased in the training and control group by 16.8% and 7.8%, respectively (P < .01). Flow-mediated dilation improved 5.2% (7.6) in the training group and decreased -0.1% (8.1) in the control group (P = .01). Levels of high-sensitivity @entity1851 decreased by -0.4 (1.1) mg/L in the training group and increased by 0.1 (1.2) mg/L in the control group (P = .03 for trend). CONCLUSIONS: Regular high-intensity interval exercise training was associated with a significant reduction in late luminal loss in the stented coronary segment. This effect was associated with increased aerobic capacity, improved endothelium function, and @entity32 .

title: High-intensity interval training may reduce in-stent restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation A randomized controlled trial evaluating the relationship to endothelial function and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Among 23 @entity1 with @entity259 infiltrating to the @entity825 , total 7 laryngectomy and 16 tracheal resection were carried out, associated with thyroidectomy and neck dissection. The infiltrating mode and degree to the @entity825 in these @entity1 were classified into 2 types according to the anatomical characteristics: Types of cartilage and membranous portions. Moreover, the former was further subclassified into 3 divisions. The subtype I of cartilage portion: Infiltration to the adventitia of @entity825 . Histologically, there were 3 well differentiated @entity189 , 3 poorly differentiated @entity189 and one @entity189 . The prognosis was favorable comparing to other types. All 7 @entity1 are alive. The subtype II or III of cartilage portion: Infiltration to the cartilage or annular ligament of @entity825 . Poorly differentiated @entity189 were noted in 6 of 7 @entity1 . Five are alive and 2 died. The membranous type: Infiltration to the membranous portion of @entity825 . Esophageal invasion was noted in 7 @entity1 . @entity189 and @entity957 took over a half of the @entity1 . Two are alive and 7 died. The prognosis was the worst.

title: [Clinicopathologic study on the mode and degree of invasion of the @entity825 by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Undifferentiated carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Microvascular architecture of the normal @entity1 heart and @entity296 were studied by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. Casts macroscopically identical in form to the left ventricular posterior wall were prepared. The following results were obtained in the normal @entity1 heart. Most of the arterioles communicated with capillary plexuses smoothly and straightforwardly in the left ventricular posterior free wall. Arterioles which branched from the arteries @entity5856 in various directions and continued into capillaries either at right angles or obliquely in the trabeculae carneae. Capillaries running parallel with the cardiac muscle fibers @entity5856 in different directions to cross over with each other in different layers of myocardium. Capillaries in the myocardium formed a continuous and coarse net-like architecture with many bifurcations and anastomoses. Capillaries were about 5-7 micron in diameter. Some veins gathering capillaries in the epicardium @entity5856 into the myocardium and the others @entity5856 in the epicardium. Veins connecting with capillaries in the myocardium @entity5856 in the @entity296 and communicated with larger veins. An arterio-venous @entity254 and two different types of venous-venous anastomoses were observed in the left ventricular posterior wall. At the site of focal @entity39 , cross sections of dilated vessels were observed in large numbers by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. At the site of focal @entity39 , dilated capillaries running with tortuosity were seen in large numbers by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. When compared with vessels in the normal myocardium, small arterial branches were dilated and run tortuously. These dilated capillary plexuses were observed in the area which communicated with twigs branching off at the right angle from the arterial branch.

title: Scanning electron microscopic studies on microvascular architecture of @entity1 coronary vessels by corrosion casts: normal and focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial focal necrosis', 'myocardial layer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of rapid baroreceptor resetting on the baroreflex control of @entity8 in conscious @entity95 . Renal sympathetic nerve activity was recorded and used as an index of the efferent limb of the baroreflex. Heart rate and arterial pressure were also recorded. Arterial pressure was raised with either @entity2647 or angiotensin II to a level that eliminated @entity8 and was maintained at this level for periods of time ranging from 1 to 60 min. On returning pressure to control levels, @entity8 remained suppressed for up to 90 min, with the duration of the suppression dependent on the magnitude and duration of the pressure stimulus. During this period of suppressed nerve activity, baroreflex curves were generated. The curves produced at this time were also suppressed as compared with control baroreflex curves. With time, the suppressed baroreflex curves returned to control. Further studies were performed to show that the suppression of @entity8 was mediated via the prolonged increase in baroreceptor afferent activity during the pressure stimulus and was not due to a central effect of @entity2647 . This study indicates that although baroreceptor afferent activity may reset rapidly, there does not appear to be an augmentation of @entity8 as would be expected.

title: Baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity after elevations of pressure in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal sympathetic nerve activity']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: A brief survey was conducted in a filariaendemic village of Robek, West Flores, Indonesia, to identify the mosquito fauna, to determine the vector of @entity10065 , and to update information on the bionomics of An. subpictus. A total of 6 genera and 22 species were collected. Five species of culicines collected, have not been previously recorded from Flores. Dissections of wild caught mosquitoes consisted of 592 anophelines, and 70 culicines did not reveal any @entity281 . An. subpictus was a potential vector of @entity6565 in the Robek area, as 11.3% of this species that fed on carriers were found to harbour @entity10065 larvae. Larvae of An. subpictus were collected in lagoons, @entity579 fields, swamps and ground pools. Breeding sites are exposed to sunlight, contain fresh or brackish water, with or withour @entity47 . They have been found primarily associated with An. aconitus, An. annularis, An. barbirostris, Cx. vishnui and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus. The time for a female to become fully engorged with @entity1 blood is 3-10 minutes. This species is a night biter, attacking @entity1 and animals from twilight to dawn. Its peak of biting activity is between 0100-0300 hrs.

title: A study on vectors of XXXX in West Flores, Indonesia.

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['bancroftian filariasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['filarial infection']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetation']

answer: @entity6565 :: (MESH:D005368,Disease) :: ['Bancroftian filariasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether @entity219 supplementation during pregnancy is associated with an increase in birth weight. DESIGN: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient clinic and delivery service at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. @entity1 : Five hundred eighty medically indigent but otherwise healthy African-American pregnant @entity1 with plasma @entity219 levels below the median at enrollment in prenatal care, randomized at 19 weeks' gestational age. @entity1 were subdivided by the population median body mass index of 26 kg/m2 into two groups for additional analyses. INTERVENTION: @entity1 who were taking a non- @entity219 -containing prenatal multivitamin/mineral tablet were randomized to receive either a daily dose of 25 mg of @entity219 or a placebo until delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Birth weight, gestational age at birth, and head circumference at birth. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , @entity1 in the @entity219 supplement group had a significantly greater birth weight (126 g, P = .03) and head circumference (0.4 cm, P = .02) than @entity1 in the placebo group. In @entity1 with a body mass index less than 26 kg/m2, @entity219 supplementation was associated with a 248-g higher @entity1 birth weight (P = .005) and a 0.7-cm larger @entity1 head circumference (P = .007). Plasma @entity219 concentrations were significantly higher in the @entity219 supplement group. CONCLUSIONS: Daily @entity219 supplementation in @entity1 with relatively low plasma @entity219 concentrations in early pregnancy is associated with greater @entity1 birth weights and head circumferences, with the effect occurring predominantly in @entity1 with a body mass index less than 26 kg/m2.

title: The effect of XXXX supplementation on pregnancy outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PATIENTS', 'infants', 'infant']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The proximal segment of the anterior cerebral artery (A1) is among the most uncommon locations for occurrence of an @entity438 . These @entity439 may be missed if small or misinterpreted when they are near the internal cerebral artery bifurcation or Anterior Communicating Artery region. The association with @entity154 and multiplicity makes them unique. METHODS: Seventeen A1 @entity439 were diagnosed in sixteen @entity1 between January 2000 and October 2014 in our institution. A retrospective review of the clinical, radiological, and management (microsurgical and endovascular) details of these @entity1 was conducted. RESULTS: The incidence of A1 @entity439 was 1.71% of all @entity1 harboring @entity439 and 1.19% of all @entity439 . Half of these @entity1 exhibited @entity510 . Fourteen @entity439 underwent microsurgical or endovascular intervention. All @entity1 recovered well, except for one @entity1 who died in the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: A1 @entity439 are rare, with wide anatomic variations. In this article, we discuss those variations in detail with illustrative cases and pictures. We also discussed the microsurgical and endovascular strategies to encounter them highlighting the technical challenges.

title: Management of Proximal Anterior Cerebral XXXX : Anatomical Variations and Technical Nuances.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Artery Aneurysms']


abstract: Withdrawal from @entity4944 increases @entity148 and reduces the ability to cope with stress, which are factors that are believed to contribute to drug relapse. Stress-induced serotonergic transmission in the central nucleus of the amygdala is associated with @entity148 states and fear. Conversely, stress-induced increases in ventral hippocampal @entity750 ( @entity750 ) levels have been linked to coping mechanisms. The goal of this study was to investigate the neurobiological changes induced by @entity4944 that contribute to stress sensitivity during withdrawal. We tested the hypothesis that limbic serotonergic responses to restraint stress would be altered in male @entity35 chronically pretreated with @entity4944 (2.5  mg/kg, intraperitoneal) and then subjected to 2  weeks of withdrawal. @entity4944 withdrawal resulted in increased stress-induced behavioral arousal relative to control treatment, suggesting that drug withdrawal induced greater sensitivity to the stressor. When microdialysis was used to determine the effects of restraint on extracellular @entity750 , stress-induced increases in @entity750 levels were abolished in the ventral hippocampus and augmented in the central amygdala during @entity4944 withdrawal. Reverse dialysis of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist @entity3927 into the ventral hippocampus blocked the stress-induced increase in @entity750 levels in saline-pretreated @entity35 , suggesting that glucocorticoid receptors mediate stress-induced increases in @entity750 levels in the ventral hippocampus. However, @entity3927 had no effect on stress-induced increases in @entity750 levels in the central amygdala, indicating that stress increases @entity750 levels in this region independently of glucocorticoid receptors. During @entity4944 withdrawal, the absence of stress-induced increases in ventral hippocampal @entity750 levels combined with enhanced stress-induced serotonergic responses in the central amygdala may contribute to drug relapse by decreasing stress-coping ability and heightening stress responsiveness.

title: Serotonergic responses to stress are enhanced in the central amygdala and inhibited in the ventral hippocampus during XXXX withdrawal.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine', 'Amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

answer: @entity4944 :: (MESH:D000661,Chemical) :: ['amphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that ventricular function may be impaired without or prior to electrocardiographic changes or @entity951 during @entity63 . Understanding of temporal sequence of electrical and functional @entity63 events may improve the detection of @entity741 . METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 21 subjects undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) who had both ST amplitude changes >2 standard deviations above baseline on 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), and new or increased third or fourth heart sound (S3 or S4) intensity measured by computerized acoustic cardiography. The sequence of the onset and resolution of these signs of @entity63 were examined following @entity301 . RESULTS: Electrocardiographic ST amplitude and diastolic heart sound changes occurred contemporaneously, shortly after @entity1563 (mean onset from @entity661 ; ST changes, 21 +/- 17 seconds; S4, 25 +/- 26 seconds; S3, 45 +/- 43 seconds). In 40% of @entity1 , a new or increased S3 or S4 developed earlier than ST changes. @entity1109 occurred in only 2 of the 21 subjects during @entity63 with a mean onset time of 68 seconds. ST-segment changes resolved earliest (33 seconds after @entity661 ) while diastolic heart sounds (89 +/- 146 seconds) and @entity951 (586 +/- 653 seconds) resolved later. CONCLUSION: A new or intensified S3 and/or S4 occurred contemporaneously with electrocardiographic changes during @entity63 . These diastolic heart sounds persisted longer than ST changes following coronary reperfusion. Acoustic cardiographic assessment of diastolic heart sounds may aid in the early detection of @entity741 , particularly in those @entity1 with an uninterpretable ECG.

title: Sequence of electrocardiographic and acoustic cardiographic changes and @entity951 during XXXX and reperfusion in @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary balloon inflation and deflation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Anginal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon deflation', 'balloon inflation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Little is known about how parenting might offset genetic risk to prevent the onset of @entity1 problems during toddlerhood. We used a prospective adoption design to separate genetic and environmental influences and test whether associations between structured parenting and @entity146 were conditioned by genetic risk for psychopathology. METHOD: The sample included 290 linked sets of adoptive families and birth mothers and 95 linked birth fathers. Genetic risk was assessed via birth mother and birth father psychopathology ( @entity148 , @entity308 , antisociality, and drug use). Structured parenting was assessed via microsocial coding of adoptive mothers' behavior during a cleanup task. @entity146 were assessed with the @entity1 Behavior Checklist. RESULTS: Controlling for temperamental risk at 9 months, there was an interaction between birth mother psychopathology and adoptive mothers' parenting on @entity146 at 18 months. The interaction indicated two pathways to @entity1 problems: structured parenting was beneficial for toddlers at high genetic risk but was related to @entity146 for toddlers at low genetic risk. This crossover interaction pattern was replicated with birth father psychopathology as the index of genetic risk. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of structured parenting on @entity146 varied as a function of genetic risk. @entity1 at genetic risk might benefit from parenting interventions during toddlerhood that enhance structured parenting.

title: Structured parenting of toddlers at high versus low genetic risk: two pathways to XXXX problems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['toddler behavior problems', 'Toddler behavior problems', 'behavior problems']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: The acute antiarrhythmic properties of @entity6203 were studied in 12 @entity1 who failed clinical oral drug therapy with a history of a @entity1167 or sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). Programmed electrical stimulation studies were performed in ten @entity1 and two @entity1 with a mean age of 63 +/- 2 years. All @entity1 had inducible @entity1165 by programmed electrical stimulation when they were off all antiarrhythmic therapy. @entity1 were then tested on @entity1818 , 1000 mg, administered intravenously, and @entity1165 could be provoked in nine of twelve @entity1 . @entity6203 was given intravenously, 1.1 mg/kg bolus followed by 40 micrograms/kg/min over 40 minutes prior to drug testing. @entity6203 did not significantly change the baseline heart rate, blood pressure, or measured electrocardiographic values from control values. Ten of 12 @entity1 were still inducible to @entity1165 on @entity6203 . @entity1818 protected one of nine @entity1 against @entity1165 induction. In @entity1 still inducible on drug therapy, the @entity1165 rate was significantly slowed from 221 beats/min to 166 beats/min on @entity6203 and to 200 beats/min on @entity1818 . The effects of this new antiarrhythmic agent were similar to @entity1818 in this drug-resistant study population.

title: Comparative efficacy of @entity6203 and @entity1818 in a drug-resistant population with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity6203 :: ('MESH:C024318', 'Chemical') :: ['pirmenol', 'Pirmenol']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide', 'Procainamide']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: One hundred and forty-seven @entity1 with @entity130 admitted to 18 different hospitals were included in a prospective multicentre study. The spleen was saved in 64 per cent. Out of the total series, 43 per cent of @entity1 were not operated upon, 5 per cent had exploratory laparotomy only, and in 16 per cent splenic repair was performed. Treatment is discussed with reference to the nature of the @entity75 , concomitant injuries, amount of blood transfusion given, and age of the @entity1 . No deaths were definitely related to the @entity130 . The frequency of serious recurrent @entity548 was not higher in the splenic salvage group when compared with the splenectomy group. Delayed @entity548 was detected in 4 per cent of the @entity1 . The mode of treatment varied considerably in different hospitals in that conservative treatment was performed in 14, splenic repair in 10 and splenectomy in 12 hospitals. Splenic salvage seems safe in most @entity1 with a @entity130 . However, meticulous surveillance of the @entity1 is mandatory.

title: XXXX : a prospective multicentre study on non-operative and operative treatment. The @entity130 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['splenic lesion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Splenic injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study evaluated the clinical significance of @entity3274 , an antiapoptotic protein, in @entity12120 and @entity5772 . METHODS: @entity3274 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tissues of @entity12120 (n=25) and @entity5772 (n=61). RESULTS: Cytoplasmic expression was predominantly seen in 80% and 70% of @entity1 with @entity12120 and @entity189 , respectively. @entity3274 expression was found to be significantly lower in @entity286 users than in non- @entity286 users. @entity3274 expression in @entity286 -using @entity12120 and @entity189 @entity1 was compared by grouping the @entity189 @entity1 according to lymph node status and disease stage. @entity189 @entity1 with @entity5 -positive lymph nodes had significantly lower @entity3274 expression than @entity1 with negative lymph nodes and @entity12120 . Further, a trend towards an inverse correlation was observed with @entity876 and @entity1722 . In univariate and multivariate survival analysis, @entity1 subgroups with 2+ or 3+ marker positivity ( @entity3274 negativity, @entity876 and @entity1722 positivity) had a reduced overall survival compared with @entity1 subgroups with 1+ marker positivity or negativity. CONCLUSION: @entity3274 negativity in association with @entity876 and @entity1722 positivity identified a subgroup of tongue @entity5 @entity1 with an @entity146 phenotype. Hence, an antiapoptotic protein, @entity3274 , was found to be down-regulated in chewing- @entity286 -mediated tongue carcinogenesis.

title: Cytoplasmic localization of @entity3274 in @entity12120 and @entity5772 : correlation with XXXX and @entity1722 in @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the tongue']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The extent of @entity731 in the superficial femoral artery and the severity of @entity455 in the aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal arterial districts were related to clinical diagnosis of coronary and peripheral @entity731 in hypercholesterolaemic @entity1 . DESIGN: The study constitutes baseline cross-sectional data of a randomized double-blind clinical trial on @entity5119 , using both computer based and visual estimations of angiographies as endpoints. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and ninety @entity1 and @entity1 (mean age 54 years) with hypercholesterolaemia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity731 was estimated with arteriographies. Lumen volume and edge roughness (vessel inner wall irregularity) of a 20 cm segment of the femoral artery were estimated by computer. A visual @entity731 score of the abdominal aorta to the popliteal arteries was made on both sides. RESULTS: @entity1 with peripheral @entity455 had significantly more advanced disease according to all three angiographic variables than those without symptoms of @entity1095 . Both @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity453 had significantly lower femoral lumen volume and higher roughness values than @entity1 without. @entity1 with previous @entity583 had significantly higher mean visual scores of @entity731 than those without, while lumen volume and roughness did not differ in either sex. CONCLUSIONS: Femoral @entity731 is an expression of a generalized disease, associated with clinical symptoms of @entity453 . Femoral @entity731 is often accompanied by @entity731 also in the coronary arteries.

title: The relation of @entity453 to the severity of femoral XXXX in hypercholesterolaemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity5119 :: ('MESH:D011341', 'Chemical') :: ['Probucol']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: An abundantly secreted 47-kDa glycoprotein, @entity20369 , was purified from @entity238 (Dm) Schneider line-2 cells, a line exhibiting macrophage-like properties. @entity20369 is also secreted from several Dm cell lines resembling S2 but not from lines that are morphologically distinct. A cDNA cline was isolated from an S2 cell cDNA library using oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes based on the @entity20369 @entity535 (aa) sequence and found to encode a novel secretory glycoprotein of 452 aa. Analysis of @entity20369 protein production and mRNA expression during @entity238 development indicates that both are present throughout the entire Dm life cycle, suggesting that @entity20369 may be important at all developmental stages. In larvae, the @entity20369 message is made in the fat body and by hemocytes, and secreted into the hemolymph. @entity20369 is related to a @entity1 cartilage glycoprotein, @entity9086 , that is secreted from cell types associated with the arthritic joint, such as synovial cells and activated macrophages. Interestingly, the @entity9086 message is most readily detected in the @entity1 liver, an organ that is somewhat analogous to the Dm fat body. @entity20369 also shares homology to a @entity19 secretory glycoprotein, YM-1, identified in activated macrophages. These homologies extend to the chitinase gene family and include a conserved @entity462 aa motif, as well as two blocks of aa within the enzymatic active site, although neither DS-47 nor @entity9086 exhibit chitinase activity. Potential functions of this conserved protein family are discussed.

title: An abundantly secreted glycoprotein from @entity238 is related to XXXX secretory proteins produced in rheumatoid tissues and by activated macrophages.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'fly']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The monitoring of the minimal @entity66 by @entity3969 1 expression ( @entity4145 ( @entity8587 )) is a standardized test, which can be used in over 80% of @entity1 with @entity3052 . To investigate the prognostic value of @entity4145 ( @entity8587 ) in @entity1 undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo- @entity12497 ) for @entity3052 , @entity4145 ( @entity8587 ) was monitored 3 months after transplantation in 139 @entity1 . @entity4145 ( @entity8587 ) positivity did not lead to any therapeutic intervention. Median follow-up was 39.3 (6.4-99.8) months. @entity1 with positive @entity4145 ( @entity8587 ) at 3 months experienced more often post-transplant relapse (27/30, 90%) than those with negative @entity4145 ( @entity8587 ) (16/109, 14.7%) (P<0.0001). Similarly, a shorter 3-year event-free survival (EFS) was observed in @entity4145 ( @entity8587 )-positive @entity1 (10% vs 72.3% in @entity4145 ( @entity8587 )-negative @entity1 , P<0.0001). The correlation between relapse and @entity4145 ( @entity8587 ) was stronger in blood than in bone marrow samples. Multivariate analysis confirmed the detrimental role of 3-month positive @entity4145 ( @entity8587 ) for relapse (hazard ratio (HR): 15.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.53-31.59; P<0.0001) and EFS (HR: 10.71; 95% CI: 5.41-21.21; P<0.0001). Interestingly, 3-month chimerism was less predictive of relapse than positive @entity4145 ( @entity8587 ). In conclusion, our results demonstrate the usefulness of peripheral blood @entity4145 ( @entity8587 ) monitoring in identifying very high-risk @entity1 , who could benefit from an early preemptive treatment, and those who do not need such an intervention.Bone Marrow Transplantation advance online publication, 9 January 2017; doi:10.1038/bmt.2016.318.

title: Impact of @entity3969 1 expression on outcome of XXXX undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation for @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']