abstract: 2563 @entity2491 strains having been isolated by veterinary laboratories in the Federal Republic of Germany including West Berlin in 1975 were tested for resistance to @entity2930 , @entity869 , @entity2755 , @entity7913 , @entity801 , @entity15183 , @entity12863 , and @entity206 . 11.4% of the strains tested were resistant to one or several of the above mentioned substances. The proportion of the resistant strains amounted to 36.0% for @entity2491 , and 4.3% for @entity2491 . copenhagen, as well as 70% for @entity38740 . 79.4% of all resistant strains belonged to these types. For S. panama, the proportion of resistant strains decreased to 6.7%. Out of 291 resistant strains found, resistance determinants were present in 89.0% to @entity2930 , 47.0% to @entity2755 , 28.5% to @entity869 , 24.1% to @entity7913 , and 4.1% to @entity15183 . Resistance determinants to @entity801 , @entity12863 , and @entity206 did not occur, 81.1% of the strains transmitted resistance determinants to @entity2624 . A transmission of resistance to @entity15183 could not be demonstrated. The different serotypes exhibited clear-cut differences in their resistance patterns.

title: [The development of antibiotics resistance among XXXX bacteria of animal origin in the Federal Republic of Germany and Berlin (West). 6th communication: 1975 Annual report (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['salmonella', 'S. typhimurium var', 'S. typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity15183 :: ('MESH:D005664', 'Chemical') :: ['furazolidone']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity12863 :: ('MESH:D009583', 'Chemical') :: ['nitro-furazone', 'nitrofurazone']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella']


abstract: CONTEXT: Amomum xanthioides Wall. ex Baker (Zingiberaceae) is a tropical medicinal plant that is commonly utilized in the treatment of @entity21149 in Asia for a long time. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and related mechanisms of A. xanthoides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity7009 was induced by @entity1232 ( @entity1233 , 10 mg/kg, three times per week for 3 weeks, i.p.) in @entity35 . Water extract of A. xanthoides (WAX, 50 and 100 mg/kg) was given once a day for 3 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: WAX (100 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the @entity1233 -induced excessive release of @entity493 aminotransferase (123.6 IU/L), @entity492 aminotransferase (227.9 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (820.9 IU/L) and total @entity648 (0.50 g/dL) in serum (p < 0.01), and @entity720 (30.5 mg/g tissue) and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) (53.6  M/g tissue) contents (p < 0.01) in liver tissue. Furthermore, WAX significantly ameliorated the depletion of total antioxidant capacity (2.54  M/mg tissue), @entity224 dismutase (0.30 U/mg tissue), @entity2041 (2.10  M/mg tissue) and catalase (605.0 U/mg tissue) activities (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) in liver tissue. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that WAX markedly reduced @entity32 , @entity39 , collagen accumulation and activation of hepatic satellite cells in the liver. Our findings demonstrated that A. xanthoides exerts favorable hepatoprotective effects via positive regulation of the antioxidative system.

title: Hepatoprotective effect of Amomum xanthoides against XXXX -induced @entity7009 in a @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity7009 :: ('MESH:D056487', 'Disease') :: ['Sub-chronic liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity21149 :: ('MESH:D004066', 'Disease') :: ['digestive system disorders']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1232 :: (MESH:D004128,Chemical) :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']


abstract: A severe @entity22336 occurred in three pudu (Pudu puda), resulting in two fatalities. @entity1066 with mucopurulent exudate were present around the eyes and nose, at the lip margins, coronary bands, and teats. @entity9645 were present in the oral cavity, esophagus, and forestomachs. In the two fatalities, a secondary disseminated @entity364 also occurred. Affected animals were leukopenic, @entity14645 , and @entity42433 and had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, @entity493 aminotransferase, and @entity492 aminotransferase levels. Electron microscopic examination of affected skin confirmed the presence of a poxvirus. Neutralizing antibody titers to this virus were present in the two pudu tested. One case was treated with @entity7076 , 5 mg/kg i.v. q7d for four treatments. Complete recovery occurred in the treated animal. This is the second report of @entity22336 in pudu and the first report describing clinical presentation, presence of secondary disseminated @entity364 , and successful treatment.

title: Clinical presentation and antiviral therapy for XXXX in pudu (Pudu puda).

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['Mucosal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous ulcers']

entities_list: @entity22336 :: ('MESH:D011213', 'Disease') :: ['poxvirus infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity7076 :: ('MESH:C059262', 'Chemical') :: ['cidofovir']

entities_list: @entity42433 :: ('MESH:C566870', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemic']

answer: @entity22336 :: (MESH:D011213,Disease) :: ['poxvirus infection']


abstract: The contribution of @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ), acting via @entity11081 ( @entity11081 ), on post-incisional @entity158 was examined in a @entity35 model of incision through the hairy skin of the lumbar dorsum. Post-incisional mechanical @entity17401 was evaluated by cutaneous trunci muscle reflexes (CTMR) of subcutaneous muscles responding to stimulation with von Frey filaments near the wound (primary responses) and at a distance, especially on the contralateral dorsum (secondary responses, involving spinal circuits). The role of @entity11081 was determined by pre-incisional, subcutaneous injection of the selective receptor antagonist @entity11344 at the incision site, 15 min or 24h before surgery. Control incisions showed both primary @entity1931 and @entity1931 , and a weaker secondary @entity17401 , peaking 3-4h after surgery and lasting at least 24h. Primary @entity1931 , but not @entity1931 , was dose-dependently suppressed by 15 min pre-incisional @entity11344 . In contrast, both secondary @entity1931 and @entity1931 were inhibited by local @entity11344 . The suppression of primary @entity1931 by local antagonist disappeared in 24h, but that of secondary @entity17401 remained strong for at least 24h. Systemically delivered @entity11344 was without effect on any post-incisional @entity17401 , and if the antagonist was locally injected 24h before surgery there was no difference on @entity17401 compared to vehicle injected at that time. We conclude that @entity1827 , released from skin by incision, activates nociceptors to cause primary @entity1931 and to sensitize spinal circuits through central sensitization. Blockade of @entity11081 in the immediate peri-operative period prevents the later development of central sensitization.

title: Cutaneous @entity11081 elevate post-incisional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia', 'tactile allodynia']

entities_list: @entity17401 :: ('MESH:D006941', 'Disease') :: ['hyperesthesia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe the case of a temporomandibular joint cyst eroding into the middle fossa, initially causing compression of the trigeminal nerve and @entity16 , and ultimately causing destruction of the second division of the nerve with @entity1183 . CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old @entity1 with @entity309 on prednisone developed right-sided, initially lancinating @entity158 that ultimately became dull in nature in the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. This change in @entity158 was associated with the development of @entity1183 in the same distribution. The @entity158 gradually resolved, but the @entity1183 persisted. Imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhancing mass in the middle fossa lateral to Meckel's cave. INTERVENTION: During surgery, the dura was elevated, and a smooth, firm lesion with several thinly encapsulated, cystic areas containing viscous, white fluid was identified. The mass had eroded through the floor of the middle cranial fossa. The thick, fibrous capsule was freed from the bone edges and was sectioned sharply extracranially. Pathological evaluation was consistent with a cyst originating from the temporomandibular joint. CONCLUSION: Extracranial mass lesions involving the middle fossa structures are uncommon and typically arise from the parotid gland. This case represents the first example of a middle fossa mass originating from an abnormal temporomandibular joint and a unique cause of @entity16 . After excision, there has been no recurrence after 2 years of follow-up.

title: Temporomandibular joint cyst presenting as XXXX and middle fossa mass: case report.

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['numbness', 'facial numbness']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: This study examines the safety and @entity1 satisfaction in discharging @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy (LapAppy) for @entity697 on the day of surgery. METHODS: After institutional review board approval, data were collected prospectively for 158 consecutive @entity1 undergoing LapAppy for simple @entity698 . Time from operation to discharge and complications were analyzed. At follow-up, parents completed a satisfaction survey. The Student t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed in 158 @entity1 ranging from age 2 to 19 years (mean, 12 years) over a 6-month period. Single-port, single-instrument LapAppy was possible in 152 @entity1 (96%). Eighty percent of @entity1 (n = 126) were discharged on the day of surgery, a mean of 4.8 hours postoperatively (range, 1-12 hours). Of the remaining 32, 24 (75%) were admitted because the operation ended too late for @entity86 ; 3 (9%), for medical reasons; and 5 (16%), when the families declined to leave. One hundred nine parents (87%) whose @entity1 went home postoperatively stated that they were happy with the expeditious discharge, whereas 17 (13%) felt nervous. In addition, 116 parents (92%) stated that, in retrospect, same-day discharge was preferable, whereas 10 parents (8%) were not sure that it was the best decision. None, however, would insist on admission if faced with the situation again. There were no major complications and no significant difference in the rate of umbilical wound infections for same-day discharge @entity1 (2%) and admitted @entity1 (3%). CONCLUSION: Routine same-day discharge after pediatric LapAppy for @entity697 is safe, with good parent satisfaction.

title: A prospective study of safety and satisfaction with same-day discharge after laparoscopic appendectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative discharge']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: What's known on the subject? and what does the study add?: Local recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinically organ-confined @entity263 is largely assumed to occur at the anastomotic site, as reflected in European and North American guidelines for adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after RP. However, the exact site of local recurrence often remains undetermined. The present study shows that roughly one out of five @entity1 with local recurrence after RP has histologically confirmed @entity5 deposits at the resection site of the vas deferens, clearly above the anastomotic site. This should be considered when offering 'blind' radiotherapy to the anastomotic site in @entity1 with biochemical recurrence alone. OBJECTIVE: To determine the anatomical pattern of local recurrence and the corresponding clinical and pathological variables of @entity1 treated with retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP). @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 41 @entity1 with biopsy confirmed local recurrence after extended pelvic lymph node dissection and RRP performed between January 1992 and December 2009 at a single tertiary referral academic centre were retrospectively studied. The site of local recurrence as assessed on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was reviewed. Two sites were identified: the vesicourethral anastomotic site and the cranial resection margin of the surgical bed, where the vas deferens was transected and clipped. Age and serum prostate-specific antigen ( @entity1486 ) level at RRP, pathological @entity5 and nodal stage, Gleason score, @entity5 location, surgical margin status, age and serum @entity1486 level at the time of local recurrence, and time to diagnosis of local recurrence were assessed for the two sites and compared with the chi-square or Wilcoxon rank sum tests as appropriate. RESULTS: Local recurrence occurred at the anastomotic site in 31/41 (76%) @entity1 and at the resection site of the vas deferens in nine of 41 (22%) @entity1 . One @entity1 had distinct lesions at both sites. There was no significant difference in any of the clinical and pathological variables between @entity1 with local recurrence in the former and latter site. CONCLUSION: Most local recurrences after RRP occur exclusively at the anastomotic site. However, 22% of locally recurrent cases had @entity5 at the resection site of the vas deferens. This should be taken into account when considering adjuvant or salvage radiation therapy.

title: Local recurrence after retropubic radical prostatectomy for XXXX does not exclusively occur at the anastomotic site.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Successful treatment of @entity1118 for @entity1 with @entity11252 can be extremely complicated. These @entity1 require careful and individualized clinical assessment, as they often present with mixed @entity158 syndromes that involve both @entity9 . The distinct types of @entity158 involved in such cases may require combined treatments from individual interventions that are analgesically independent and specific for each type of @entity158 involved. Neuromodulation by electric stimulation at appropriately chosen targets and combinations may be an important option to consider for such @entity1 . We present a case of combined debilitating axial nociceptive spinal @entity158 and bilateral @entity9 in a @entity1 after 14 failed back operations. A combination of @entity602 ( @entity602 ) and deep brain stimulation in the periventricular gray (PVG) have successfully provided the @entity1 with complete relief of both components of his @entity1118 , after all other @entity158 management options had been exhausted. By alternating activation of each implanted stimulator separately and in conjunction, we were able to demonstrate a clinically independent analgesic character for each stimulation system, each specific to a particular type of @entity158 . The @entity602 provided complete relief of the @entity9 component, without affecting the nociceptive component at all. The PVG stimulation provided complete relief of the nociceptive component, without affecting the @entity1109 component at all. In combination, there was complete relief of the total @entity1118 . There appeared to be no overlapping or synergistic effect between the two neuromodulation systems in the @entity1 . The @entity1 has had prolonged complete relief from his @entity1118 with the combined neuromodulation intervention over 22 years of follow-up.

title: Multi-target neurostimulation for adequate long-term relief of XXXX and nociceptive @entity1118 components.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed back surgery syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain condition', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuropathic and nociceptive components', 'neuropathic leg pain']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['neuropathic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess qualitative and quantitative chemical shift MRI parameters of @entity703 . METHODS: A total of 251 consecutive @entity1 underwent 1.5-T MRI before nephrectomy. Two readers (R1, R2) independently evaluated all @entity5 visually for a decrease in signal intensity (SI) on opposed- compared with in-phase chemical shift images. In addition, SI was measured on in- and opposed-phase images (SI(IP), SI(OP)) and the chemical shift index was calculated as a measure of percentage SI change. Histopathology served as the standard of reference. RESULTS: A visual decrease in SI was identified significantly more often in @entity1358 (RCCs) (R1, 73 %; R2, 64 %) and @entity359 (both, 80 %) than in @entity1637 (29 %, 12 %), papillary (29 %, 17 %) and chromophobe RCCs (13 %, 9 %; all, P < 0.05). Median chemical shift index was significantly greater in clear cell RCC and @entity359 than in the other histological subtypes (both, P < 0.001). Interobserver agreement was fair for visual (kappa, 0.4) and excellent for quantitative analysis (concordance correlation coefficient, 0.80). CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in SI on opposed-phase chemical shift images is not an identifying feature of clear cell RCCs or @entity359 , but can also be observed in @entity1637 , @entity1377 . After excluding @entity359 , a decrease in SI of more than 25 % was diagnostic for clear cell RCCs. KEY POINTS:     Chemical shift MRI offers new information about fat within @entity703 .     Opposed-phase signal decrease can be observed in all @entity703 .     A greater than 25 % decrease in signal appears to be diagnostic for clear cell RCCs.

title: MR imaging of XXXX : qualitative and quantitative chemical shift imaging parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary and chromophobe RCCs']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas', 'angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cortical tumours', 'renal tumours']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal cortical tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the role of @entity929 ( @entity930 ) administered after reperfusion of the donor liver in the incidences of @entity1031 events and @entity810 within 30 days after orthotopic liver transplantation. One-year survival rates between the @entity930 -treated and @entity930 -nontreated groups also were examined. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational, cohort study design. SETTING: Single-center, university hospital. @entity1 : The study included 708 adult liver transplantations performed from 2008 to 2013. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity930 administration was not associated with incidences of @entity6650 (1.3%) or intraoperative death (0.6%). Logistic regression (n = 708) revealed 2 independent risk factors associated with @entity741 (age and pre-transplant vasopressor use) and 8 risk factors associated with the need for post-transplant dialysis (age, female sex, redo orthotopic liver transplantation, preoperative @entity1372 level, pre-transplant @entity810 or dialysis, platelet transfusion, and re-exploration within the first week after transplant); @entity930 was not identified as a risk factor for either outcome. One-year survival rates were similar between groups: 92% in @entity930 -treated group versus 93% in the @entity930 -nontreated group. CONCLUSIONS: The antifibrinolytic, @entity930 , was not associated with an increased incidence of @entity1031 complications or postoperative @entity810 , and it did not alter 1-year survival after liver transplantation.

title: XXXX Has No Association With @entity1031 , Renal Failure, or Mortality after Liver Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['epsilon-aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6650 :: ('MESH:D016769', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac thrombosis/pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity929 :: (MESH:D015119,Chemical) :: ['Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid']


abstract: We report the 18-year follow-up of a @entity1 who underwent rotationplasty for severe @entity604 and @entity281 after an grade IIIC open @entity174 of the distal femur. The @entity1 is now 49  years old and fully satisfied with his life. During the follow-up period, he has never had significant physical or psychological problems directly concerning the rotationplasty. The analysis of quality of life using the SF36 questionnaire revealed even higher scores than the normal healthy population in seven out of eight sub-categories. Clinical examination revealed bland soft tissues without @entity5656 or other signs of maladaptation. Articular and cutaneous proprioception was intact all over the left leg. The active extension/flexion of the prosthetic knee was 0  -0  -100   and 10  -0  -70   of the ankle joint. Manual testing of motor strength revealed grade five of five for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the ankle. Gait patterns including climbing slopes and stairs were close to normal. Examination in sports physiology showed lower maximum power of hip and knee muscles compared to the healthy side, but better muscular endurance. These findings emphasize that rotationplasty can be a good alternative to arthrodesis or amputation in @entity130 @entity1 providing high satisfaction and activity levels in the long-term follow-up.

title: Eighteen-year follow-up after rotationplasty for a grade IIIC open XXXX of the distal femur.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidation of low density lipoproteins is an initial step of atherogenesis that generates pro-inflammatory phospholipids, including platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF is degraded by @entity6511 ( @entity6511 ), which has been postulated to be a risk factor for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The role of @entity6511 for the onset of @entity583 is unclear. METHODS: Polymorphisms located in putatively functional regions were investigated in a cohort of @entity1 having @entity583 onset prior to 46 years of age (n = 200) and a sex-age-matched control group (n = 200). The activity of @entity6511 and coronary angiograms were evaluated for the severity of @entity453 . RESULTS: The V allele of @entity35121 (exon 11) polymorphism on @entity6511 gene was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity583 (P = 0.001). This V allele polymorphism was also associated with a lower activity of plasma @entity6511 and a more complex @entity453 (p Trends <0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that this polymorphism was an independent risk factor (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.66, 95% CI 1.14.1 to 5.80, P = 0.008) as well as smoking (OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.77 to 9.28, P = 0.001), @entity6 (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.40 to 5.32, P = 0.007) and @entity101 (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.25 to 5.36, P = 0.003) for the onset of @entity583 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that a functional and significant association between the @entity35121 polymorphism on exon 11 of @entity6511 gene and @entity583 exists in this Taiwanese population. This polymorphism is significantly associated with the @entity6511 activity and the severity of @entity453 .

title: Platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase @entity35121 (exon 11) gene polymorphism is an independent and functional risk factor for premature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6511 :: ('7941', 'Gene') :: ['PAF-acetylhydrolase', 'PAF-AH']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'premature MI', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: With the current knowledge of the multitude of microbes that inhabit the @entity1 body, it is increasingly clear that they constitute an integral component of the host. The gut microbiota community is principally involved in the metabolism of dietary constituents such as @entity3363 which account for majority of the energy intake from diet. Diet has gained an important role in shaping the composition of gut inhabitants. The quantity and type of food consumed is recognized as a causal factor for @entity209 such as @entity28 and @entity6 . Analysis of host-microbe interactions can thus contribute to the understanding of such @entity209 . In this study, data from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and @entity1735 Active EnZYmes Database was utilized as a starting point. Enzyme information from the host @entity1 coupled with details of the three predominant phyla of gut bacteria, namely Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were used in the creation of a comprehensive metabolic network, which we refer to as 'meta-metabolome'. This 'meta-metabolome' provides a perspective of the degree to which microbes influence @entity1735 metabolism, in conjunction with host specific enzymes. Analysis of reactions in the network reveals the amplification of @entity9928 content brought about by microbial enzyme activity. The framework outlined in this study provides a holistic approach to assess host-microbe symbiosis. It also provides us with a means of analyzing how diet can be modulated to provide beneficial effects to the host or how probiotics can potentially be used to relieve certain @entity209 .

title: A meta-metabolome network of XXXX metabolism: interactions between gut microbiota and host.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Homo sapiens', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity9928 :: ('CHEBI:35381', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: Originally, nuclear medicine focused on radiopharmaceuticals trapped in organ structures, based on their function, and the presence of disease was seen by the absence of radioactivity. More recently, target-specific radiopharmaceuticals have been developed to @entity227 . Since radiopharmaceuticals have historically a leading position in the search for "molecular imaging", it would be a waste not to learn from the pitfalls and opportunities that have been and are found during the development of radiopharmaceuticals. This knowledge can be used in the improvement of contrast agents for other imaging modalities like @entity7994 . In this article the aspects that are needed for the use of current and future therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals are described. Especially the production and development of therapeutic and imageable radiopharmaceuticals are demonstrated. @entity7994 or CT can sometimes also image stable isotopes of elements that contain useful radionuclides. This can result in real multimodality imaging. Combining imaging modalities and imaging agents will result in better @entity1 care and can only be advantageous if all departments and institutes will collaborate on their research work. The combination of approaches together with the fast progress in developments in the medical imaging world will result in a bright future for imaging driven therapy of @entity5 .

title: The bright future of radionuclides for XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visualize and/or treat oncological diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial we sought to evaluate the effect of dual-chamber pacing in @entity1 with severe symptoms of @entity1121 . BACKGROUND: Recently, several cohort trials showed that implantation of a dual-chamber pacemaker in @entity1 with severely symptomatic @entity1121 can relieve symptoms and decrease the severity of the left ventricular outflow tract gradient. However, the outcome of dual-chamber pacing has not been compared with that of standard therapy in a randomized, double-blind trial. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with severely symptomatic @entity1121 were entered into this trial after baseline studies consisting of Minnesota quality-of-life assessment, two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise tests. Nineteen @entity1 completed the protocol and underwent double-blind randomization to either @entity3603 pacing for 3 months followed by backup AAI pacing for 3 months, or the same study arms in reverse order. RESULTS: Left ventricular outflow tract gradient decreased significantly to 55 +/- 38 mm Hg after @entity3603 pacing compared with the baseline gradient of 76 +/- 61 mm Hg (p < 0.05) and the gradient of 83 +/- 59 mm Hg after AAI pacing (p < 0.05). Quality-of-life score and exercise duration were significantly improved from the baseline state after the @entity3603 arm but were not significantly different between the @entity3603 arm and the backup AAI arm. Peak @entity26 consumption did not significantly differ among the three periods. Overall, 63% of @entity1 had symptomatic improvement during the @entity3603 arm, but 42% also had symptomatic improvement during the AAI backup arm. In addition, 31% had no change and 5% had deterioration of symptoms during the @entity3603 pacing arm. CONCLUSIONS: Dual-chamber pacing may relieve symptoms and decrease gradient in @entity1 with @entity1121 . In some @entity1 , however, symptoms do not change or even become worse with dual-chamber pacing. Subjective symptomatic improvement can also occur from implantation of the pacemaker without its hemodynamic benefit, suggesting the role of a placebo effect. Long-term follow-up of a large number of @entity1 in randomized trials is necessary before dual-chamber pacing can be recommended for all @entity1 with severely symptomatic @entity1121 .

title: Dual-chamber pacing for XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: The plasma levels of @entity1003 and fibrinolytic factors and the serum levels of lipids were measured in 62 subjects (22 normolipidemia and 40 @entity407 ) to investigate whether @entity407 may affect the hemostatic system. Prothrombin, factors VII, IX and X were elevated in hyperlipidemic @entity1 . The positive correlations were found between factors VII, IX and X, and @entity412 . The significant correlations were also found between VII and IX, and total @entity165 . Plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), which reflects activation of coagulation system, were slightly but significantly higher in type IIb @entity407 , although they were within normal range. Plasma levels of active plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ) in type IIb and IV were significantly higher than in normals. A significant correlation was found between active @entity2289 and @entity412 (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001). After the administration of fat emulsion to 18 @entity1 with @entity66 , which induced artificial @entity2298 , @entity2289 levels as well as @entity412 levels significantly increased. These results suggest that @entity2298 may increase the synthesis and/or release of @entity2289 , inducing a @entity558 , which could lead to @entity715 . It has been established that lipoprotein (a) [ @entity3452 ], which has a molecular structure homology to plasminogen, impairs fibrinolysis by its competitive inhibition of adsorption of plasminogen to vascular endothelial surface and/or fibrin. We assayed plasma levels of @entity3452 and parameters of @entity1003 and fibrinolysis in 168 @entity1 with @entity6 and 48 normal controls. In the @entity6 , the levels of @entity3452 as well as levels of @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) antigen and @entity2289 activity were significantly higher than normal controls. Furthermore, it was shown that @entity3452 had a weakly negative correlation with @entity3479 antigen in the @entity6 . These results suggest that an elevated level of @entity3452 may decrease release of @entity3479 , although the underlying mechanism remains unsolved.

title: XXXX and hemostatic system.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinolytic condition']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'type II diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['Hyperlipidemia']


abstract: The @entity35 @entity19450 ) is a @entity462 protease inhibitor. The stoichiometry of the interaction between the inhibitor and enzyme was shown to be 1:2. A cDNA clone specific for @entity35 @entity19450 was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from an inflamed @entity35 liver RNA template. The 1458-base pair insert was sequenced and positively identified by alignment with a partial @entity535 sequence obtained by radiosequence analysis of the primary translation product for @entity19450 . Complete sequence analysis determined the @entity19450 cDNA coded for the entire protein with the exception of the first four @entity1522 of the signal peptide, all of which were identified by radiosequencing. The coding sequence spans 1282 nucleotides, followed by 115 base pairs of a 3' untranslated region. Two putative active sites, suggested by the enzyme-inhibitor ratio, have been identified by analysis of internal duplications of the @entity19450 sequence and the alignment of these regions with the sequences of several low molecular weight cysteine protease inhibitors. A computer homology analysis of the protein sequence revealed a 59.3% overall identity between @entity35 @entity19450 and @entity291 low molecular weight (LMW) kininogen. The homology included the signal peptide regions. LMW kininogen is a precursor of @entity1812 . @entity19450 does contain a @entity1812 sequence; the flanking @entity1522 are different, however. Evidence for the expression of the LMW and a high molecular weight kininogen from the same gene, and the high degree of homology between these proteins and the @entity35 acute phase protein suggest that all three proteins belong to a precisely regulated gene family.

title: The relationship between XXXX major acute phase protein and the kininogens.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity19450 :: ('24903(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 1-MAP', 'major acute phase protein (alpha 1-MAP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance and prognostic value of preoperative and postoperative oesophagography in @entity1 with @entity15809 . The medical records of 155 @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment (with an endoscopic or transcervical approach) for @entity15809 between 1992 and 2010 in a tertiary referral centre were retrospectively evaluated. The size of the @entity7261 on oesophagography, recognizable muscular septum, and protection of the diverticulum were assessed relative to the surgical procedures performed. The incidence of diverticular remnants on postoperative oesophagography was also assessed relative to the surgical procedure. It was investigated whether the detection of a residual pharyngeal pouch and filling of it with contrast medium were related to the @entity1 ' immediate postoperative symptoms and the development of symptomatic recurrence. Larger @entity7261 (Brombart III-IV) were manageable significantly more often with endoscopic procedures (P = 0.007). Residual diverticulum and filling with contrast medium were strongly associated with prolonged @entity1282 immediately postoperatively (P = 0.005 and P = 0.009, respectively). However, these parameters failed to correlate significantly with a symptomatic recurrence. Preoperative oesophagography proved to be extremely important for surgical planning, with the surgeon's personal preference seeming to be the driving indicator in many cases. Postoperative oesophagography is only useful for excluding @entity260 in the immediate postoperative phase and did not have a prognostic value as to a recurrence of the disease.

title: Clinical relevance and prognostic value of radiographic findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula']

entities_list: @entity15809 :: ('MESH:D016672', 'Disease') :: ["Zenker's diverticulum"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity15809 :: (MESH:D016672,Disease) :: ['Zenker's diverticulum']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine whether @entity22364 , a glial modulating agent, could both prevent the induction of mechanical @entity1931 and attenuate existing mechanical @entity1931 in a rodent L5 spinal nerve transection model of @entity9 . In a preventative paradigm, @entity22364 (1 and 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was administered systemically daily, beginning 1 day prior to nerve transection. This regimen produced a dose-dependent decrease in mechanical @entity1931 (p < 0.01). In another preventative paradigm, @entity22364 (0.1, 1, or 10 microg) was administered daily intrathecally via direct lumbar puncture. Intrathecal administration of @entity22364 was more effective than systemic administration at dose dependently reducing mechanical @entity1931 (p < 0.01). The effect of systemic @entity22364 on existing @entity1931 was examined with 0.1-, 1-, and 10-mg/kg intraperitoneal administration initiated on day 4 post L5 spinal nerve transection. Systemic @entity22364 was found to be equally effective in the attenuation of existing @entity1931 (p < 0.01) as in the prevention of @entity1931 in this rodent model of @entity9 . Spinal cords (L4-L6 segments) were removed for immunohistochemical analysis on day 10 or 20 post-transection. Microglial and astrocytic activation was decreased by both peripheral and central administration of @entity22364 in both preventative and existing @entity1931 paradigms. This research supports a growing body of literature highlighting the importance of glial activation in the development of persistent @entity9 states, and the potential to therapeutically modulate glial activation in the treatment of @entity9 .

title: @entity22364 , a glial modulating agent, exhibits antiallodynic properties in a rat model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity22364 :: ('MESH:C032114', 'Chemical') :: ['propentofylline']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Upper limb @entity4269 is a possible consequence of the treatment for @entity0 . Accurate detection of swelling is important in implementing appropriate treatment. Currently used diagnostic cut-offs for excess volume have been chosen for ease of use and are not based on normative differences. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the normal inter-limb variance for healthy older @entity1 and identify statistically-based diagnostic cut-offs for both circumference and volume. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and four healthy @entity1 , over the age of 40 years, with no history of treatment for @entity0 or @entity4269 , underwent measurement of their upper limbs with a perometer. Using the associated software, the circumference of the limb was determined at a number of set points along the limb and the volume of the intervening segments recorded. Segment volumes were also calculated from the circumferential measurements using the formulae for a truncated cone and cylinder. The mean inter-limb difference found was small but a large range was seen for all of the circumference and volume measurements. Dominance was found to have a significant effect on the limb size. Regression analysis showed that an individual's age was negatively related to their inter-limb difference. Diagnostic cut-offs, set at three standard deviations above the mean, were determined. CONCLUSIONS: New circumference and volume criteria based on normative data, taking arm dominance into consideration, will allow for more accurate diagnosis of changes in limb volume, allowing treatment to be started and monitored appropriately.

title: Normative volume difference between the dominant and nondominant upper limbs in healthy older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current techniques for @entity4037 repair (VHR) rely on prosthetic mesh implantation and are increasingly performed laparoscopically. Potentially serious iatrogenic complications may occur following VHR, though these are rare compared to the vast number of procedures performed each year. This paper provides an overview of contemporary open and laparoscopic surgical techniques and biomaterials, then reviews and illustrates the expected postoperative imaging appearances, and common and unusual early complications after VHR. Emphasis is placed on multidetector computed tomography (CT), which comprehensively visualizes the operated anterior abdominal wall and deeper intra-abdominal structures. CT consistently allows diagnosis of @entity86 , abdominal wall abscesses and fistulas, @entity548 with or without active @entity548 , @entity1744 , @entity298 and recurrent @entity547 , and thus providing a reliable basis for an appropriate choice between conservative, interventional, or surgical treatment. Familiarity with early post-surgical CT is warranted to avoid misinterpretation of the expected imaging appearance and correctly elucidate @entity260 after VHR. TEACHING POINTS:     Open and laparoscopic repair of @entity4037 rely on prosthetic mesh implantation.     Potentially serious iatrogenic complications occasionally occur after ventral hernioplasty.     Multidetector CT consistently evaluates the operated abdominal wall and deeper structures.     Familiarity with the expected early postoperative imaging appearance is required.     Complications include @entity2080 , @entity281 , @entity548 , @entity1744 , @entity298 , and recurrence.

title: Multidetector CT of expected findings and early @entity260 after current techniques for XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage', 'haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative seromas']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernias', 'ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: National guidelines endorse adjuvant chemotherapy      radiotherapy (C      RT) for early-stage @entity356 (ESGC). Compliance with these guidelines and the specific impact of adjuvant C      RT on overall survival (OS) in ESGC have not been extensively explored. METHODS: The National Cancer Data Base was queried for stage IB-II @entity356 @entity1 undergoing gastrectomy (1998-2011). Multivariable modeling identified factors associated with adjuvant C      RT receipt and compared risk-adjusted OS by treatment type (i.e., adjuvant therapy versus surgery alone). RESULTS: Of 23,461 ESGC @entity1 (1998-2011), 79.4  % and 20.6  % received surgery alone and adjuvant C      RT (chemoradiotherapy 17.7  %; chemotherapy alone 2.9  %), respectively. Predictors of adjuvant C      RT receipt included age <67  years, pathologic nodal positivity, and adequate lymph node staging (LNS; >= 15 nodes examined; all p  <  0.001). Survival analyses included 15,748 @entity1 (1998-2006); median, 1-, and 5-year survival were 63.5  months, 86.0  %, and 27.0  % respectively. Omission of adjuvant C      RT conferred an increased hazard of risk-adjusted mortality in the overall cohort, and stage IB and II subgroups (all p   <=  0.001). The benefit of adjuvant C      RT was most pronounced in stage II and node-positive @entity1 -regardless of LNS adequacy (all p  <  0.001)-and inadequately staged IB @entity1 (p  =  0.003). While associated with a trend toward improved OS in node-negative @entity1 overall (p  =  0.051), adjuvant C      RT did not improve OS if surgical LNS was adequate in this subgroup (p  =  0.960). CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of adjuvant C      RT in ESGC remains incomplete nationally. Receipt of adjuvant therapy is associated with improved risk-adjusted survival relative to surgery alone; however, in adequately staged @entity1 without lymph node @entity3 , this benefit is less certain.

title: Multimodality Therapy Improves Survival in Resected Early Stage XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Skin and skin adnexa @entity137 are the most common side effects associated with epidermal growth factor receptor @entity4149 kinase inhibitors ( @entity470 -TKIs) and occur in most @entity1 receiving this therapy. The majority of these cutaneous side effects are transient, reversible, and dose dependent. Although these symptoms are in general not severe, they significantly affect quality of life and can have a serious effect on treatment compliance as well as the treatment regimen. The most common early symptoms present as papulopustules on an erythematous base, usually localized in seborrheic areas. This clinical presentation is commonly described as "acneiform", although these adverse reactions have clinical presentations, such as @entity19857 . In this context, we report a case of a 77-year-old @entity1 with a medical history of planocellular @entity2 with @entity358 and mediastinum infiltration who received @entity3866 as a third-line therapy, presenting with @entity1910 as a side effect associated with the use of @entity470 -TKIs. The @entity1 had a negative previous history of @entity6509 . Therefore, symptoms probably occurred as an adverse reaction due to the oncological therapy. Current terminology of early cutaneous adverse reactions caused by @entity470 -TKIs refers to "acneiform" or "papulopustular" lesions, excluding less common side effects such as @entity6509 -like @entity1909 so these symptoms might be overlooked and misdiagnosed. Thus, we would like to emphasize the importance of developing a more accurate classification of terms in order to provide early detection of all possible cutaneous side effects, including less common ones, providing specific and timely treatment, and allowing continuation of drug therapy.

title: XXXX -induced @entity6509 -like @entity1909 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity19857 :: ('MESH:D012628', 'Disease') :: ['rosacea-like and seborrheic-like dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['centrofacial rosaceiform rash']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['Erlotinib']


abstract: The records of 360 @entity1 with @entity706 treated with various forms of combination chemotherapy from 1966 to 1974 were reviewed. A total of 181 @entity281 was found in 125 @entity1 . The most frequent types of @entity281 were @entity55 (31%), @entity272 (17%), @entity293 (13%) and @entity295 (11%). An etiologic organism was was identified in 133 @entity281 (73%). The most common causative organisms were bacteria (77%), especially gram-negative bacilli. @entity1800 accounted for 18% of the @entity281 with 21 of the 24 being due to herpes zoster. These were more frequently found in @entity1 with @entity978 (14/21) than in the other @entity706 . Among @entity1 with @entity978 , 53% treated with @entity9107 developed @entity281 compared to only 27% treated with MOPP (p = 0.039). Among @entity1 with @entity1893 , @entity281 were more frequent in @entity1 treated with @entity632 containing combinations than with @entity9107 . @entity1398 (i.e. less than 1,000 neutrophils/mm3) was associated with 35% of @entity281 in this study and was seen more often in @entity1 with @entity1893 (p = 0.048).

title: Infections in XXXX with @entity706 treated with combination chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Viral infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infections']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report our experience relative to transcatheter percutaneous embolization of post-biopsy renal intraparenchymal @entity2548 in @entity1 with @entity740 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We observed 5 @entity1 affected with post-bioptic fistulas for possible embolization. In three cases the symptoms were represented by intermittent macro-microhematuria; one @entity1 had @entity101 of nephrovascular origin and one @entity1 was asymptomatic. In all cases we performed angiography and it was possible to catheterize the peripheral afferent branch of the @entity292 with a superselective technique using a hydrophilic guide of 0.035 F and a hydrophilic Cobra catheter of 4-5 F. The occlusion was obtained by the positioning of Granturco metal coils: in 1 case we adapted a coil of 3 mm diameter and 1 cm length; in 3 cases 2 coils of 3 mm and in 1 case 2 coils of 3 mm and 1 coil of 5 mm diameter and 1 cm length were necessary. The success of the procedure was always checked with an immediate angiogram and color Doppler US after 48 hrs. RESULTS: The diagnosis of @entity2548 was always confirmed by a preliminary angiography that demonstrated the normal anatomic disposition of the renal arteries except in one case in which the @entity292 was fed by a peripheral branch originating from an inferior polar artery. All the lesions were localized in the inferior pole, the site of biopsy, and ranged from 3 mm to 2.5 cm in diameter. We never had any difficulties in the positioning and placement of the coils. The @entity432 and exclusion of the @entity292 was accomplished in all cases. The induced parenchymal loss ranged from 10 to 30% of the renal volume. There was a complete disappearance of symptoms in 3 of the @entity1 , with @entity811 without any modification of the blood pressure values in the @entity1 with @entity101 . Considering the @entity1 status renal function did not worsen after the embolization. Each @entity1 was followed-up with color Doppler US every two months. CONCLUSIONS: The intrarenal arteriovenous @entity292 represents a relative frequent complication of renal needle biopsy in @entity1 with @entity101 and nephroangiosclerosis as risk factors. Embolization is a valid alternative therapeutic option to surgical treatments. The use of small size catheters permits the successful embolization also of peripheral lesions, reducing the induced parenchymal @entity63 . We believe that among the embolization material available metal coils represent a valid solution as they are easily positioned and permit @entity432 without any risks of @entity1211 .

title: [Renal XXXX after renal biopsy. Percutaneous embolization].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['definitive occlusion', 'arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['systemic venous microembolization']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of a rise in incidence and more effective treatments, the prevalence of @entity1 with @entity5 is increasing fast. When palliative treatment is aimed at maintaining or improving @entity1 ' quality of life, knowledge about severe @entity1295 is clinically relevant because of its debilitating effect, but at present this information is lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the prevalence of severe @entity1295 in @entity1 with various incurable @entity5 and whether severe @entity1295 increased with further treatment lines and differed between various @entity5 and treatment modalities. In addition, a relationship between severe @entity1295 and other symptoms was examined. METHODS: @entity1 were asked to fill in the Checklist Individual Strength, European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire C30, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire during palliative anticancer treatment, and hemoglobin levels were collected. RESULTS: Of all participating @entity1 (n = 137), 47% were severely fatigued. @entity1 who received first line of treatment were significantly less often severely fatigued (40%) compared with @entity1 who received further lines (60%). Significantly more severe @entity1295 was observed when @entity1 had more @entity158 , @entity1353 , @entity1277 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity1142 . CONCLUSIONS: During the phase of palliative anticancer treatment, @entity1295 was the most common symptom, nearly half of the @entity1 had severe @entity1295 increasing with further treatment lines. Various treatment-related symptoms were related to more severe @entity1295 . IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: As severe @entity1295 is significantly related to other symptoms of @entity5 and its treatment, the screening and treatment of these @entity5 should be more stringent, as they might negatively influence each other.

title: Severe @entity1295 during the palliative treatment phase of XXXX : an exploratory study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer', 'cancer-related symptoms']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the causes and treatment of repeated @entity15231 in girlhood in order to improve its prevention and treatment. METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 with repeated @entity15231 (age < or = 10 years) admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan. 1990 to Nov. 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: We found 28 @entity1 (55%) suffering from non-specific @entity15231 and 14 ones (27%) suffering from @entity12478 with in 51 @entity1 . Five @entity1 (10%) were smitten with @entity1066 and 3 ones (6%) had been were found with vaginal foreign bodies. One @entity1 (2%) was smitten with adhesion of labia minora. The vaginal discharges taken from 21 @entity1 were cultured. Seventeen cases found bacteria. The positive rate of bacteria culture in the 21 cases reached 81%, in which, @entity526 accounted for 5 cases (24%), staphylococcus and streptococcus accounted for 3 cases (14%) respectively. @entity1 suffering from non-specific @entity15231 and @entity1066 accepted external lotion, antibiotic ointment or combining with antibiotics. @entity1 suffering from @entity12478 accepted fistulectomy. Three @entity1 who found vaginal foreign bodies took out of foreign bodies by hysteroscope. Fifty-one @entity1 all were cured after appropriate therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity15231 is the most common gynecologic diagnosis in girlhood. The principal cause of repeated invasion is non-specific @entity15231 and the secondly one is @entity12478 . It need overhaul during the diagnosis. It is very availability to use hysteroscopy and do bacteria culture + antibiotic sensitivity test for repeated pediatric @entity15231 .

title: [Study on causes and treatment of repeated XXXX in girlhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'Patients', 'patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity12478 :: ('MESH:D014624', 'Disease') :: ['posterior recto-vaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['vulval ulcer']

entities_list: @entity15231 :: ('MESH:D014848', 'Disease') :: ['Vulvovaginitis', 'vulvovaginitis']

answer: @entity15231 :: (MESH:D014848,Disease) :: ['vulvovaginitis']


abstract: We report on a 49-year-old @entity1 with @entity421 arising in the breast. She had undergone two consecutive excision biopsies for right @entity0 at ages 40 and 42 years. The @entity5 were diagnosed as a @entity1557 and a @entity5 , respectively. At age 46 years, she noticed a gradually enlarging mass in the same breast. After 3 years, at age 49 years, total mastectomy was performed. The @entity5 occupied the entire breast and measured 12x9x8.5 cm. The @entity5 cells were spindle-shaped and pleomorphic, with large, irregular nuclei and distinct nucleoli. Many @entity5 cells had characteristics of osteoblastic and chondroblastic elements producing osteoid, osseous, and cartilaginous intracellular substances. Pathologic mitoses and apoptotic cells were frequent. Neoplastic cells had infiltrated the skin. Blood and lymph vessel invasion was present. @entity5 cells expressed @entity2277 , @entity1096 , @entity7 , @entity2282 , and alkaline phosphatase, but did not express keratin. Chemotherapy was not effective. The @entity1 died of multiple pulmonary metastases 9 months after mastectomy.

title: XXXX arising in the breast.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'benign phyllodes tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Osteosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and covariates of abnormal left ventricular (LV) geometry in @entity6 outpatients attending Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS: Echocardiography was performed in 61 type 1 and 123 type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . @entity4346 was taken as LV mass/height(2.7) > 49.2 g/m(2.7) in @entity1 and > 46.7 g/m(2.7) in @entity1 . @entity121 ( @entity121 ) was calculated as the ratio of LV posterior wall thickness to end-diastolic radius and considered increased if >=  0.43. LV geometry was defined from LV mass index and @entity121 in combination. RESULTS: The most common abnormal LV geometries were concentric remodelling in type 1 (30%) and @entity1184 (36.7%) @entity6 @entity1 . Overall, increased @entity121 was present in 58% of the @entity1 . In multivariate analyses, higher @entity121 was independently associated with @entity101 , longer isovolumic relaxation time, lower stress-corrected midwall shortening and circumferential end-systolic stress, both in type 1 (multiple R(2) = 0.73) and type 2 @entity6 @entity1 (multiple R(2) = 0.66), both p < 0.001. These associations were independent of gender, @entity4346 or @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Increased @entity121 is common among @entity6 sub-Saharan Africans and is associated with @entity101 and @entity1002 .

title: Increased relative wall thickness is a marker of subclinical cardiac target-organ damage in African @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['concentric hypertrophy in type 2']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Relative wall thickness', 'RWT']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To have an insight of the outcomes of half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) for @entity1 with @entity989 (CSC) in a real population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective consecutive case series, one-centre study, with a 12-month follow-up period. RESULTS: The study took into account 15 eyes of 13 @entity1 . All @entity1 were male in gender and only 1 eye belonged to a non-caucasian. The sample mean age was 51,27  11,66 (between 36 and 74 years); mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0,40  0,25 logMAR and central macular thickness (CMT) was 411,40  88,44 microns. All @entity1 had @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) and @entity989 ( @entity989 ) detachment involving the fovea. In a month time, BCVA and CMT had remarkable improvements with only one eye not gaining letters. At 6-month visit, 46,7% of the eyes were provided with additional treatment (intra-vitreal anti- @entity7 or PDT). At the final visit no eye had worsened more than 5 letters and 53,3% had a BCVA improvement of at least 5 letters, with only 2 eyes remaining with @entity989 detachment and @entity5173 . There was steady regression in CMT throughout the follow-up; 93,3% had CMT under 300 microns and CMT mean was 249,93  72,78 microns. There were no reported complications. CONCLUSION: These results support PDT as a valuable approach for therapeutic decisions on chronic CSC as well as the need of other add up treatments for a better final outcome. Further evaluations with longer follow-up should be taken into consideration for safety issues.

title: Half-dose photodynamic therapy for XXXX : Efficacy and safety outcomes in real world.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['SRF', 'subretinal fluid']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['chronic central serous chorioretinopathy', 'retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['chronic central serous chorioretinopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of the study was to assess the outcome of antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ). METHODS: Medical records of consecutive @entity1 with @entity1625 from two referral hospitals were retrospectively evaluated over a nine-year period. Inclusion criteria were: (1) diagnosis of @entity1625 according to the ILAE criteria, (2) less than 16 years of age at onset of @entity302 , (3) established clinical remission of at least two years before AED withdrawal, and (4) follow-up period of at least two years after withdrawal (or until @entity410 relapse in @entity1 who relapsed). Time to @entity410 relapse and predictive factors were analyzed by survival methods. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 52 @entity1 (16 females, 36 males). Relapse rate was 37.85%. Most relapses occurred during the first 12 months after withdrawal. Univariate analyses indicated the following factors as significantly correlated with @entity410 recurrences: (1) female sex; (2) age at withdrawal of AED 14 years or higher; (3) abnormal EEG before withdrawal; and (4) abnormal EEG during and after AED withdrawal. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that female sex, age at withdrawal of AED 14 years or higher; and abnormal EEG during and after withdrawal were significant independent predictive factors for @entity410 recurrences. CONCLUSION: The relapse rate in our cohort was similar to the most commonly reported overall rates for childhood-onset @entity302 . Distinguishing variables-female sex, age at withdrawal greater than 14 years, and abnormal EEG - need to be considered when choosing and further following of eligible candidates for AED withdrawal.

title: Withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in young XXXX with @entity1625 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['cryptogenic focal epilepsies', 'CFE']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated that @entity1 articular chondrocytes can express the gene for a contractile muscle actin, @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ), in situ. One objective of this work was to evaluate the @entity3960 -content of isolated @entity1 articular chondrocytes using Western blot analysis and to correlate the amount of @entity3960 in the cells with passage number and the number of days in culture. A second objective was to determine if articular cartilage-derived cells expressing the gene for @entity3960 in vitro also continue to express type II collagen. A final aim of the current study was to determine if @entity3960 -containing cartilage-derived cells were capable of contracting a collagen glycosaminoglycan analog of extracellular matrix in vitro. Articular chondrocytes were isolated from 13 @entity1 undergoing @entity2720 . Cells were serially passaged through passage 7. Samples were allocated for Western blot analysis of @entity3960 . Cells in monolayer culture were also stained immunohistochemically for @entity3960 and type II collagen. Cells from passage 3 and 7 were seeded into a porous type I collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix and the diameter of the scaffolds measured every other day for 21 days. Immunohistochemistry of the articular cartilage samples revealed @entity3960 in the articular chondrocytes in situ with a greater percentage of cells staining positive in the superficial half (60 +/- 1.2%; mean +/- SEM) of the cartilage than in the basal half (28 +/- 1.3%). There was an increasing amount of @entity3960 in the cells in monolayer culture with passage number and a meaningful correlation of the @entity3960 content with the days in culture (linear regression analysis; R2 = 0.72). Double staining for @entity3960 and type II collagen showed that type II collagen-expressing cells in monolayer could also express @entity3960 . @entity3960 -containing cells were found to contract the collagen glycosaminoglycan matrix, with the cells containing more @entity3960 (passage 7 cells) displaying more matrix contraction than those with a lesser amount of @entity3960 (passage 3 cells). The results indicate that control of the expression of @entity3960 may be important when employing articular chondrocytes, expanded in monolayer culture, for implantation alone or in a cell-seeded matrix for cartilage repair procedures.

title: Smooth muscle actin expression by XXXX articular chondrocytes and their contraction of a collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total joint arthroplasty']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Changes in microvascular dimensions occurring with normal aging and @entity195 were measured in thick sections of postmortem @entity1 visual cortex stained for alkaline phosphatase. Capillary density was decreased to the same degree in both normal aged and demented aged subjects. The fields selected for analysis in both groups included all cortical laminae and, where possible, amyloid-cored @entity527 . The mean density of such plaques in these selected fields was slightly but not significantly higher in the demented group. In both groups plaques were more plentiful in visual laminae with the highest capillary densities (II-IV), but plaques and vessels were closer to each other in the normal aged than in the demented. Plaque distributions differed; in the normal aged, plaques concentrated in lamina IV; in the demented they were more evenly spread throughout the laminae. Plaque cores were larger in the demented. @entity2333 was more common and more extensive in the demented group; amyloid-cored plaques were not closely associated with affected vessels. Plaque distributions in Alzheimer subjects with and without @entity2333 differed; plaque density was greatest in those without @entity2333 . @entity195 was not associated with any decline in microvascularity. Plaque concentration in well vascularized laminae suggests a pathogenetic role for some blood-borne agent. Differences in plaque distributions imply that the role or the agent differs in normal and @entity1240 , or perhaps between cases with and without @entity2333 .

title: Neuritic plaques and vessels of visual cortex in aging and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic plaques']

entities_list: @entity1240 :: ('MESH:D019588', 'Disease') :: ['demented aging']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's dementia"]

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid angiopathy', 'Amyloid angiopathy', 'angiopathy']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's dementia']


abstract: @entity4347 ( @entity4347 ) in the breast is a rare @entity5 . There have been 13 cases of primary @entity0 reported. The @entity4347 presents as a large, partially cystic mass in postmenopausal @entity1 with a good prognosis. The microscopic findings resemble those of @entity43 . The aspiration findings showed @entity3558 -containing cell clusters in the background of @entity3558 and @entity39 material. The cell clusters had intracytoplasmic @entity3558 displacing atypical nuclei to the periphery. Histologically, the @entity5 revealed an abundant @entity3558 pool with small floating clusters of @entity3558 -containing @entity5 cells. There were also small cysts lined by a single layer of tall columnar mucinous cells, resembling those of the uterine endocervix. The @entity5 cells were positive for @entity3558 (MUC) 5 and negative for @entity5091 and @entity21826 . This @entity3558 profile is different from @entity189 and may be a unique characteristic of @entity0 .

title: Primary @entity4347 of the Breast: Cytologic Finding and Expression of MUC5 Are Different from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian, pancreatic, or appendiceal MCA']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast MCA']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['ordinary mucinous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4347 :: ('MESH:D018282', 'Disease') :: ['Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma', 'MCA']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Mucinous Carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to systematically review surgical intervention for feeding difficulties in @entity306 . METHOD: We searched databases including MEDLINE from 1980 to July 2012. Two reviewers independently assessed studies and rated the overall quality and strength of the evidence. RESULTS: Thirteen publications (11 unique studies) met the inclusion criteria and addressed gastrostomy outcomes or treatment of reflux via fundoplication. In nine studies, gastrostomy-fed @entity1 gained weight. Relative to typically developing populations, baseline weight z-scores ranged from -3.56 to -0.39 and follow-up z-scores ranged from -2.63 to -0.33. Other growth measures were mixed. Two studies assessed fundoplication: in one, both Nissen fundoplication and vertical gastric plication reduced reflux (by 57% and 43% respectively), while in one case series, reflux recurred within 12 months in 30% of @entity1 . The highest rates of adverse events across studies were site infection (59%), granulation tissue (42%), and recurrent reflux (30%). @entity204 rates ranged from 7 to 29%; however, the underlying cause was probably not surgery. INTERPRETATION: Evidence for the effectiveness of surgical interventions is insufficient to low. Studies of gastrostomy typically demonstrated significant @entity1017 . Results for other measures were mixed. Many @entity1 remained underweight, although, given a lack of appropriate reference standards, these results should be interpreted cautiously.

title: Surgical intervention for feeding and nutrition difficulties in XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genome-wide association study in diffusely infiltrating @entity201 (CC) can be limited due to the difficulty of obtaining @entity5 tissue. We aimed to evaluate the genomic alterations of diffusely infiltrating type CC using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of bile and to compare the variations with those of mass-forming type CC. A total of 24 bile samples obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and 17 surgically obtained @entity5 tissue samples were evaluated. Buffy coat and normal tissue samples were used as controls for a somatic mutation analysis. After extraction of genomic DNA, NGS analysis was performed for 48 @entity5 related genes. There were 27 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 with a mean age of 65.0  11.8years. The amount of extracted genomic DNA from 3cm(3) of bile was 66.0  84.7 g and revealed a high depth of sequencing coverage. All of the @entity1 had genomic variations, with an average number of 19.4  2.8 and 22.3  3.3 alterations per @entity1 from the bile and @entity5 tissue, respectively. After filtering process, damaging SNPs (8 sites for each type of CC) were predicted by analyzing tools, and their target genes showed relevant differences between the diffusely infiltrating and mass-forming type CC. Finally, in somatic mutation analysis, @entity5 -normal paired 14 tissue and 6 bile samples were analyzed, genomic alterations of @entity470 , @entity7167 , @entity1861 , @entity10160 , and @entity986 gene were seen in the diffusely infiltrating type CC, and @entity876 , @entity984 , APC, @entity10159 , @entity12251 , @entity14050 , @entity1594 , @entity817 , and @entity818 were altered in the mass-forming type CC group. @entity2839 , @entity10158 , @entity996 , @entity319 , and SMO genes were revealed in both groups. The NGS analysis was feasible with bile sample and diffusely infiltrating type CC revealed genetic differences compared with mass-forming type CC. Genome-wide association study could be performed using bile sample in the @entity1 with CC undergoing ERCP and a different genetic approach for accurate diagnosis, pathogenesis study, and targeted therapy will be needed in diffusely infiltrating type CC.

title: @entity5 related gene alterations can be detected with next-generation sequencing analysis of bile in diffusely infiltrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['type cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['type cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Introduction. The objective of this study was to create a tool that accurately predicts the risk of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 according to an oral hypoglycemic agent. Materials and Methods. The model was based on a cohort of 33,067 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were prescribed a single oral hypoglycemic agent at the Cleveland Clinic between 1998 and 2006. Competing risk regression models were created for @entity301 ( @entity301 ), @entity712 , and @entity64 , while a Cox regression model was created for mortality. Propensity scores were used to account for possible treatment bias. A prediction tool was created and internally validated using tenfold cross-validation. The results were compared to a Framingham model and a model based on the United Kingdom Prospective @entity6 Study (UKPDS) for @entity301 and @entity64 , respectively. Results and Discussion. Median follow-up for the mortality outcome was 769 days. The numbers of @entity1 experiencing events were as follows: @entity301 (3062), @entity712 (1408), @entity64 (1451), and mortality (3661). The prediction tools demonstrated the following concordance indices (c-statistics) for the specific outcomes: @entity301 (0.730), @entity712 (0.753), @entity64 (0.688), and mortality (0.719). The prediction tool was superior to the Framingham model at predicting @entity301 and was at least as accurate as the UKPDS model at predicting @entity64 . Conclusions. We created an accurate tool for predicting the risk of @entity64 , @entity301 , @entity712 , and @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . The calculator is available online at http://rcalc.ccf.org under the heading " @entity2175 " and entitled, "Predicting 5-Year Morbidity and Mortality." This may be a valuable tool to aid the clinician's choice of an oral hypoglycemic, to better inform @entity1 , and to motivate dialogue between physician and @entity1 .

title: Prediction of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is a chronic inflammatory @entity272 with immunopathologic features that vary depending on the duration of the lesion. The lesioned skin of @entity483 @entity1 shows an increased number of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, mast cells and mononuclear cells in the dermis and superficial @entity794 colonization. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of peptidoglycan ( @entity970 ) from @entity794 on eosinophil induction in @entity19 skin. METHODS: @entity970 was applied to the barrier-disrupted abdominal skin of @entity19 every 5 days. Twenty days later, the number of eosinophils in the abdominal skin was counted. The cytokine response in the skin was investigated by RT-PCR and immunohistological analysis. The regulated-upon activation in normal T cells expressed and secreted ( @entity638 ) production from cultured epidermal cells was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The skin of @entity19 treated with @entity970 showed a significantly increased number of eosinophils compared with that of @entity19 treated with vehicle alone. In addition, application of @entity970 to the abdominal skin of @entity19 increased the expression of mRNA for @entity638 , but not that of mRNA for @entity639 , @entity34493 and @entity21845 in the skin. Immunohistologic analysis demonstrated that the levels of @entity638 transcripts corresponded with those of protein synthesis in the epidermis. In vitro experiments using epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and keratinocytes (KCs) showed that @entity638 production was induced by LCs but not by KCs stimulated with @entity970 . Furthermore, an intraperitoneal injection of anti- @entity638 antibody neutralized the induction of eosinophils in the skin. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity970 may have an ability to induce eosinophil infiltration in the skin through @entity638 production by LCs, and would explain the role of @entity794 colonization in @entity483 @entity1 .

title: Percutaneous application of peptidoglycan from @entity794 induces eosinophil infiltration in XXXX skin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity21845 :: ('20306(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-3']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pes anserinus @entity924 / @entity2585 (PATB) is a frequent cause of knee @entity158 . Its predisposing factors are still controversial. OBJECTIVES: Assess the effect of a set of demographic, clinical, somatometric, and biomechanical factors on the risk for PATB. METHODS: A case control design was used to evaluate the association between clinically diagnosed PATB and the presence of @entity6 ; @entity626 (and its radiographic severity); @entity28 ; knee collateral, and anteroposterior instability; and knee or @entity893 . RESULTS: Twenty-two consecutive, incident PATB @entity1 were included; all were females 62.1 +/- 11.5-year-old (limits 45-82). Thirty-eight sex- and age-matched (59.8 +/- 9.4-year-old; P = 0.41) subjects were used as controls; these had asymptomatic @entity170 (20) and a series of @entity627 (18). There was no difference in prevalence of @entity6 , @entity626 , @entity28 , knee instability, varus @entity85 , and @entity893 between cases and controls. Furthermore, no difference in overall, lateral, medial, and @entity626 radiographic severity mean score was found between study groups. The presence of @entity85 alone (OR: 5.2; 95% CI: 1.1-25.5), or in combination with collateral instability (OR: 6.0; 95% CI: 1.4-26.0), was identified as associated with PATB. CONCLUSIONS: Valgus @entity85 , alone or in association with collateral instability, seems to be a risk factor for PATB. No association was found between PATB and some conditions previously reported as predisposing factors such as @entity6 , @entity626 , and @entity28 . PATB should be kept in mind as a highly probable diagnosis in mature @entity1 with medial knee @entity158 and @entity85 .

title: Risk factors for pes anserinus @entity924 / XXXX : a case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['patellofemoral knee osteoarthritis', 'knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['knee deformity', 'valgus knee deformity']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['hindfoot malalignment']

answer: @entity2585 :: (MESH:D002062,Disease) :: ['bursitis syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To study the mortality among morbidly @entity28 @entity1 qualifying for bariatric surgery. Mortality from bariatric surgery for morbid @entity28 has been widely reported; however, little is known about the mortality in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 who defer surgery. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 evaluated for bariatric surgery with an initial encounter between 1997 and 2004 were identified. The Social Security Death Index and office records were used to identify mortality through 2006. We conducted telephone interviews to determine whether the 305 @entity1 who did not undergo bariatric surgery at our institution had undergone the surgery elsewhere. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we compared the mortality in @entity1 undergoing surgery with that of those who did not. To evaluate bias resulting from missing data, we conducted analyses assuming that all @entity1 with missing data had (1) undergone surgery and (2) not undergone surgery. RESULTS: A total of 908 @entity1 underwent bariatric surgery (880 @entity1 at our institution and 28 @entity1 elsewhere). A total of 112 @entity1 did not undergo surgery. Data regarding surgery on 165 @entity1 could not be obtained. The mortality in those @entity1 who did not undergo surgery was 14.3% compared with 2.9% for those who did undergo surgery. Adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index, @entity1 who had undergone surgery had an 82% reduction in mortality (hazard ratio 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.09-0.35, P <.0001). Sensitivity analysis, assuming that all @entity1 with missing data received surgery resulted in an 85% mortality reduction (P <.001) and assuming that @entity1 did not receive surgery resulted in a 50% mortality reduction (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality among morbidly @entity28 @entity1 without surgery was 14.3% during the study period. Surgical intervention offered a 50%-85% mortality reduction benefit.

title: Natural history of morbid XXXX without surgical intervention.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity1162 is higher in @entity1 with @entity6 and its complications. @entity944 has been reported as a common cause of @entity204 in insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 affected by @entity4148 . It has been postulated that QT prolongation predisposes to @entity943 and @entity944 . In this analysis the prevalence of @entity1162 and its relation with @entity6 complications were evaluated in the @entity1723 Complications Study (3250 insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 attending 31 centres in 16 European countries). Five consecutive RR and QT intervals were measured with a ruler on the V5 lead of the resting ECG tracing and the QT interval corrected for the previous cardiac cycle length was calculated according to the Bazett's formula. The prevalence of an abnormally prolonged corrected QT was 16% in the whole population, 11% in males and 21 % in females (p < 0.001). The mean corrected QT was 0.412 s in males and 0.422 s in females (p < 0.001). @entity1162 was independently associated with age, @entity4051 c and blood pressure. Corrected QT was also correlated with @entity299 and @entity8 but this relation appeared to be stronger in males than in females. Male @entity1 with @entity16 or impaired heart rate variability or both showed a higher mean adjusted corrected QT compared with male @entity1 without this complication. The relation between @entity1162 and @entity4148 was not observed among females. In conclusion we have shown that corrected QT in insulin-dependent @entity6 female @entity1 is longer than in male @entity1 , even in the absence of @entity6 complications known to increase the risk of @entity1162 .

title: The relation between XXXX and @entity6 complications. The @entity1723 Complication Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['EURODIAB IDDM']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['Corrected QT duration', 'corrected QT prolongation', 'QT interval prolongation']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['QTc interval prolongation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The oncogenesis of @entity43 is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify mRNAs differentially expressed between moderately and poorly differentiated ( @entity601 /PD) serous @entity43 (SC), @entity43 ( @entity43 ) and superficial scrapings from normal ovaries (SNO), and to correlate these mRNAs with clinical parameters including survival. METHODS: Differences in mRNA expression between @entity601 /PD SC, @entity43 and SNO were analyzed by global gene expression profiling (n=23), validated by RT-qPCR (n=41) and correlated with clinical parameters. RESULTS: Thirty mRNAs differentially expressed between @entity601 /PD SC, @entity43 and @entity17265 were selected from the global gene expression analyses, and 21 were verified (p<0.01) by RT-qPCR. Of these, 13 mRNAs were differentially expressed in @entity601 /PD SC compared with SNO (p<0.01) and were correlated with clinical parameters. @entity25470 was downregulated (FC=-130.5, p=1.2 10(-7)) and correlated with overall survival (p=0.03). @entity7 was upregulated (FC=6.1, p=6.0 10(-6)) and correlated with progression-free survival (p=0.037). Increased levels of @entity39151 and @entity4009 mRNAs (FC=28.5, p=2.7 10(-10) and FC=46.2, p=5.6 10(-4), respectively) correlated with normalization of @entity10224 (p=0.03 and p=0.044, respectively). Furthermore, we present a molecular pathway for @entity601 /PD SC, including @entity7 , @entity4009 , @entity39151 , @entity23249 and @entity14583 , all significantly upregulated and directly interacting with @entity876 . CONCLUSIONS: We have identified 21 mRNAs differentially expressed (p<0.01) between @entity601 /PD SC, @entity43 and SNO. Thirteen were differentially expressed in @entity601 /PD SC, including @entity25470 and @entity7 correlating with survival, and @entity4009 and @entity39151 with normalization of @entity10224 . We also present a molecular pathway for @entity601 /PD SC.

title: @entity25470 and XXXX are strongly differentially expressed in serous @entity43 and correlate with survival.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['SBOT', 'ovarian carcinomas', 'serous ovarian borderline tumours', 'ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGFA']