abstract: @entity15224 ( @entity15224 ) is a @entity209 caused by mutations in the @entity15225 ( @entity15225 ) gene. @entity15225 is a lysosomal enzyme whose function is to @entity1797 , including @entity15226 and @entity15227 ( @entity15227 , PSY). @entity15225 loss of function causes progressive intracellular accumulation of PSY. It is widely held that PSY is the main trigger for the @entity6220 . However, still little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which PSY imparts @entity137 . Here, we address the role of @entity460 dynamics during PSY-induced cell @entity204 . Using the @entity1 oligodendrocyte cell line MO3.13, we report that cell @entity204 by PSY is accompanied by robust cytosolic and mitochondrial @entity460 ( @entity141 ) elevations, and by mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production. Importantly, we demonstrate that the reduction of extracellular @entity460 content by the chelating agent @entity1098 can decrease intra-mitochondrial ROS production and enhance cell viability. Antioxidant administration also reduces mitochondrial ROS production and cell loss, but this treatment does not synergize with @entity141 chelation. Our results disclose novel intracellular pathways involved in PSY-induced @entity204 that may be exploited for therapeutic purposes to delay @entity15224 onset and/or slow down its progression.

title: Role of extracellular @entity460 and mitochondrial @entity26 species in XXXX -induced oligodendrocyte cell @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of myelinating cells and progressive white-matter loss']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity15227 :: ('MESH:D011609', 'Chemical') :: ['psychosine', 'galactosyl-sphingosine']

entities_list: @entity15225 :: ('2581', 'Gene') :: ['galactocerebrosidase', 'GALC']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['degrade galacto-lipids']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity15226 :: ('CHEBI:36498', 'Chemical') :: ['galactosyl-ceramide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity15224 :: ('MESH:D007965', 'Disease') :: ['Globoid cell leukodystrophy', 'GLD']

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid']

answer: @entity15227 :: (MESH:D011609,Chemical) :: ['psychosine']


abstract: During the period 1984-1989 the authors have observed 20 @entity1 with @entity9314 small @entity706 , 11 males and 9 females. In 11 @entity1 the first symptoms were abdominal cramps requiring laparotomy, in 4 ileus, and in 5 perforation with @entity298 . Resection of the involved part of the intestine was performed in 17 @entity1 . Lymphoma tissue was present in 4 of 5 retrogradely examined resection lines on macroscopically normal small intestine. According to Working Formulation, 3 @entity1 had low grade, 3 intermediate grade and 14 high grade histology. Affection of extra intestinal/mesenteric structures was found in 18 of 20 @entity1 , with a total of 36 other @entity706 localizations. 8 of 20 had affection of the nasopharynx and/or Waldeyer's ring. According to the Crowther's classification 55% of @entity1 were in Stage IV, 35% in Stage III and 10% in Stage Ib. All @entity1 were treated with chemotherapy, 13 with ProMACE regimen and 7 with @entity3726 -type regimens. Ten of twenty @entity1 are alive and in complete remission for over 5 years (7 of 11 of Stage IV and 3 of 9 of Stage Ib/III; 8 of 14 with high grade and 2 of 6 with intermediate/low grade histology). Our results point to the fact that in @entity706 of the small intestine, @entity706 involvement of the intestinal wall might be present beyond obvious @entity706 . Most @entity1 with apparently primary small @entity706 have a @entity66 . Thus, local forms of treatment such as surgery, and/or radiotherapy can not be expected to be curative in the majority of @entity1 . Data from this study suggest that following initial surgery the chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for these @entity1 .

title: Non-IPSID small XXXX : evidence for disseminated disease at presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['widespread disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'non-IPSID lymphoma', 'intestinal lymphomas', 'intestinal lymphoma', 'lymphoma lesions']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['intestinal lymphoma']


abstract: At Emory, six cases of @entity50 ( @entity50 ) were seen over the last ten years--two @entity1 and four adults. The picture and bacteriology of @entity50 have changed with the advent of antibiotics as has the usefulness of various diagnostic tests. Less is it a disease of @entity1 in association with @entity697 . More often it is seen in the adult @entity1 after a long history of @entity2169 . Fever and @entity2267 and neck tenderness are still universal signs of the affliction. However, rarely @entity1 do present with progressive @entity417 , emaciation and evidence of @entity999 . Since antibiotics are commonly used during the @entity2169 , cultures are often negative. If they do identify an organism, it is usually a mixed flora rather than beta hemolytic streptococcus. Spinal fluid results are variable and seldom is there evidence of increased spinal fluid pressure. Arteriography, venography, and digital subtraction venography are the most reliable tests to prove and delimit the @entity715 . Early management involves high dose broad spectrum, intravenous antibiotics including @entity2755 . Surgical intervention involves a mastoidectomy, exposure of the sinus, incision and drainage, but not necessarily removal of the @entity715 . Internal jugular vein ligation should be reserved for those cases in which @entity295 and embolization do not respond to initial surgery and intravenous antibiotics.

title: XXXX : a modern perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['septic emboli']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['prodromal ear infection', 'chronic ear disease']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['LST', 'lateral sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['Lateral sinus thrombosis']


abstract: Alterations in cellular phosphorylation patterns have been implicated in a number of diseases, including @entity5 , through multiple mechanisms. Herein we present a survey of the phosphorylation profiles of an isogenic pair of @entity1 @entity5 cell lines with opposite metastatic phenotype. Phosphopeptides were enriched from @entity5 cell lysates with @entity6701 and @entity10678 , and identified with nano-LC- @entity15 / @entity15 using an automatic cross-validation of @entity15 / @entity15 and @entity15 / @entity15 / @entity15 ( @entity23493 + @entity23494 ) data-dependent neutral loss method. A spectral counting quantitative strategy was applied to the two cell line samples on the @entity23493 -only scan, which was implemented successively after each @entity23493 + @entity23494 scan in the same sample. For all regulated phosphopeptides reported by spectral counting analysis, sequence and phosphorylation site assignments were validated by a @entity23493 + @entity23494 data-dependent neutral loss method. With this approach, we identified over 70 phosphorylated sites on 27 phosphoproteins as being differentially expressed with respect to @entity5 cell phenotype. The altered expression levels of proteins identified by LC- @entity15 / @entity15 were validated using Western blotting. Using network pathway analysis, we observed that the majority of the differentially expressed proteins were highly interconnected and belong to two major intracellular signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that the phosphorylation of isoform A of @entity4223 and GTPase activating protein binding protein 1 is associated with metastatic propensity. The study demonstrates a quantitative and comparative proteomics strategy to identify differential phosphorylation patterns in complex biological samples.

title: A comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of a XXXX @entity5 metastasis model using a label-free quantitative approach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity10678 :: ('MESH:C028541', 'Chemical') :: ['zirconium dioxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In this multi-centre, randomized trial, we compared the safety and efficacy of Diprifusor @entity1874 with @entity23 ( @entity23 ) of @entity1875 for anaesthesia. With approval, 123 adult male and female @entity1 were studied. Firstly, each investigator anaesthetized five @entity1 to familiarize themselves with Diprifusor @entity1874 . In Stage 2, 98 @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity1875 -based anaesthesia via @entity1874 or @entity23 . Adjuvant drugs, airway management and monitoring were managed at the discretion of the anaesthetist. Results are presented as mean (SD). Induction times were significantly longer [67 (32) vs 54 (17)s] and induction doses were significantly lower [14 (5) vs 16 (4) ml] in the @entity1874 vs the @entity23 group. Recovery times and total doses were not significantly different. There were statistically but not clinically significant differences in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Quality of anaesthesia and ease of control of anaesthesia were similar. We conclude that Diprifusor @entity1874 and @entity23 are similar in terms of safety and efficacy.

title: Safety and efficacy of target controlled infusion (Diprifusor) vs @entity23 of XXXX for anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'manually controlled infusion']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: Neuroligin-4 (NL4), encoded by the @entity25115 gene on the X chromosome, is a neuronal-specific brain membrane protein which plays an important role in the formation of functional presynaptic elements and axon specialization. The genetic variants of @entity25115 affect the biological function of NL4, resulting in the manifestation of different @entity146 . The present study investigates the influence of these genetic variants on cognitive performance. The cognitive abilities of 351 subjects were evaluated using the Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale @entity1 . The haplotypes were assigned with the PHASE program. The ANOVA method was applied to investigate the relationship between single SNP, the identified target haplotypes and cognitive performance in a random sample. We observed that the X(C) allele of @entity25116 and X(A) allele of the re6638575 carriers had significantly higher cognitive ability performances than the noncarrier @entity1 (p < 0.05). The target haplotype composed of 2 allele (X(CA+)) carriers also displayed a higher cognitive performance than that of the noncarriers @entity1 . The genetic polymorphism of @entity25115 also had a significant effect on the @entity1 ' cognitive ability and other intelligence factors. Future research will involve determining the relationship between @entity25115 and personal cognitive ability.

title: Gender differences in cognitive ability associated with genetic variants of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity25115 :: (57502,Gene) :: ['NLGN4']


abstract: This paper reports on the findings of a quantitative, retrospective service evaluation. It compared a new, conscious, sedation-free technique to @entity2065 with the traditional methods of reduction (TMR) currently implemented. OBJECTIVES: The first objective for this study was to examine whether a new method, used at an @entity341 ( @entity341 ) in the south of England, of @entity2065 reduction, called the Oxford Chair Technique (OCT) can @entity2065 and to compare the success rates of reduction with the TMR. Secondary objectives examined how the OCT compared, using four set factors, against the TMR currently used. The fundamental comparisons being analysed was in terms of time taken for treatments. METHODS: A retrospective service evaluation was performed using data collected from the @entity1 Administration System (PAS) software and the Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) on @entity1 who presented to an @entity341 in the South of England with an anterior @entity2065 between March 2005 and August 2006. RESULTS: Of the 61 cases in which the OCT was used over the sampling period, 38 attempts to reduce the dislocation were successful, with 23 being unsuccessful. An overall success rate of 62% was obtained with the OCT. There were no complications reported with the OCT. Statistically significant differences were found with the mean time from arrival to discharge (OCT 141 v. TMR 254 min, p<0.001); mean time between the first diagnostic X-ray and post reduction X-ray (OCT 70 v. TMR 102 min, p<0.003) and the mean time between the post reduction X-ray and discharge (OCT 51 v. TMR 119 min, p<0.001). No @entity1 treated with the OCT required conscious sedation compared to 90% of @entity1 treated with TMR (p<0.001). Only 38% of @entity1 treated with the OCT had @entity1286 administered compared to 90% of @entity1 treated with TMR (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the success rate for reduction using the OCT was good in view of this being a new treatment to the @entity341 . While the OCT had a lower success rate of reduction compared to TMR, when reduction was successful using the OCT, there were overwhelming time-saving benefits to the @entity1 with subsequent logistical benefits to the @entity341 . The use of conscious sedation and @entity1286 was also significantly less for the OCT group compared to TMR.

title: An investigation comparing the Oxford Chair Technique with the traditional methods of XXXX reduction currently implemented.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['reduce anterior glenohumeral dislocations', 'glenohumeral dislocation']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity2065 :: (MESH:D012783,Disease) :: ['glenohumeral dislocation']


abstract: Levels of many hydrophobic cellular substances are tightly regulated because of their potential @entity137 . These compounds tend to self-aggregate in cytoplasmic storage depots termed lipid droplets/bodies that have well defined structures that contain additional components, including @entity165 and various proteins. Hydrophobic substances in these structures become mobilized in a specific and regulated manner as dictated by cellular requirements. Retinal pigmented epithelial cells in the eye produce @entity15994 -containing lipid droplets named retinosomes. These @entity14743 are mobilized to replenish the visual chromophore, @entity5995 , and their storage ensures proper visual function despite fluctuations in dietary @entity904 intake. But it remains unclear whether retinosomes are structures specific to the eye or similar to lipid droplets in other organs/tissues that contain substances other than @entity15994 . Thus, we initially investigated the production of these lipid droplets in experimental cell lines expressing lecithin: @entity904 acyltransferase, a key enzyme involved in formation of @entity15994 -containing retinosomes from @entity904 . We found that retinosomes and oleate-derived lipid droplets form and co-localize concomitantly, indicating their intrinsic structural similarities. Next, we isolated native retinosomes from @entity291 retinal pigmented epithelium and found that their protein and hydrophobic small molecular constituents were similar to those of lipid droplets reported for other experimental cell lines and tissues. These unexpected findings suggest a common mechanism for lipid droplet formation that exhibits broad chemical specificity for the hydrophobic substances being stored.

title: XXXX storage particles (retinosomes) from the retinal pigmented epithelium resemble lipid droplets in other tissues.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity15994 :: ('CHEBI:16179', 'Chemical') :: ['retinyl esters', 'retinyl ester']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'all-trans-retinol', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity15994 :: (CHEBI:16179,Chemical) :: ['Retinyl ester']


abstract: Amyloid fibrils are associated with many @entity179 . It was found that amyloidogenic oligomers, not mature fibrils, are @entity2359 agents related to these diseases. Molecular mechanisms of infectivity, pathways of aggregation, and molecular structure of these oligomers remain elusive. Here, we use all-atom molecular dynamics, molecular mechanics combined with solvation analysis by statistical-mechanical, three-dimensional molecular theory of solvation (also known as 3D-RISM-KH) in a new MM-3D-RISM-KH method to study conformational stability, and association thermodynamics of small wild-type Abeta(17-42) oligomers with different protonation states of @entity367 (22), as well the @entity24842 (Dutch) mutants. The association free energy of small beta-sheet oligomers shows near-linear trend with the dimers being thermodynamically more stable relative to the larger constructs. The linear (within statistical uncertainty) dependence of the association free energy on complex size is a consequence of the unilateral stacking of monomers in the beta-sheet oligomers. The charge reduction of the wild-type Abeta(17-42) oligomers upon protonation of the solvent-exposed @entity367 (22) at acidic conditions results in lowering the association free energy compared to the wild-type oligomers at neutral pH and the @entity24842 mutants. The neutralization of the peptides because of the @entity24842 mutation only marginally affects the association free energy, with the reduction of the direct electrostatic interactions mostly compensated by the unfavorable electrostatic solvation effects. For the wild-type oligomers at acidic conditions such compensation is not complete, and the electrostatic interactions, along with the gas-phase nonpolar energetic and the overall entropic effects, contribute to the lowering of the association free energy. The differences in the association thermodynamics between the wild-type Abeta(17-42) oligomers at neutral pH and the Dutch mutants, on the one hand, and the Abeta(17-42) oligomers with protonated @entity367 (22), on the other, may be explained by destabilization of the inter- and intrapeptide salt bridges between @entity2574 (23) and Lys(28). Peculiarities in the conformational stability and the association thermodynamics for the different models of the Abeta(17-42) oligomers are rationalized based on the analysis of the local physical interactions and the microscopic solvation structure.

title: Association thermodynamics and conformational stability of beta-sheet amyloid beta(17-42) oligomers: effects of XXXX (Dutch) mutation and charge neutralization.

entities_list: @entity24842 :: ('p|SUB|E|22|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E22Q']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity24842 :: (p|SUB|E|22|Q,ProteinMutation) :: ['E22Q']


abstract: Aim. @entity1311 based neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen (NAT) in the setting of locally advanced @entity0 (LABC) can render inoperable @entity5 (T4, N2/N3) resectable. The aim of this study was to assess the status of @entity189 in the breast and lymph nodes after @entity1311 based NAT in order to find out the @entity1 and the @entity5 characteristics that correspond to the pathological responses which could be used as a surrogate biomarker to assess the treatment response. Materials and Methods. Clinical and @entity5 characteristics of @entity1 with @entity0 (n = 48) were assessed preoperatively. These @entity1 were subjected to modified radical mastectomy after 3 courses of @entity1311 based NAT regimen. The pathological responses of the @entity5 in the breast and the lymph nodes were studied by using Chevallier's system which graded the responses into pathological complete response (pCR), pathological partial response ( @entity11595 ), and pathological no response (pNR). Results. Our studies showed a pCR of 27.1% and a @entity11595 of 70.9% . Clinically small sized @entity5 (2-5   cms) and Bloom Richardson's grade 1 @entity5 showed a pCR. Mean age at presentation was 50.58   yrs. 79.2% of cases were @entity513 NOS; only 2.1% were @entity1137 , their response to NAT being the same. There was no downgrading of the @entity5 grades after NAT. @entity513 in situ and @entity3 were found to be resistant to chemotherapy. The histopathological changes noted in the lymph nodes were similar to that found in the @entity5 bed. Discussion and Conclusion. From our study we conclude that histopathological examination of the @entity5 bed is the gold standard for assessing the chemotherapeutic @entity5 response. As previous studies have shown pCR can be used as a surrogate biomarker to assess the @entity5 response.

title: Assessment of Pathological Response of XXXX in Modified Radical Mastectomy Specimens after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Carcinoma']


abstract: We developed tests to measure @entity2263 - @entity69 , and then used this method to investigate the efficiency of @entity2263 - @entity69 in the diagnosis of @entity5254 and @entity2972 . We also assessed whether the immunochemical method satisfied the five requirements, which are important in the modern investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): High rate of accuracy; Wide area of application; Rapid availability; High sensitivity; No risks to the @entity1 . 14 @entity1 known to be suffering from a @entity5173 were investigated with special attention to the above five points. Eight @entity1 had a CSF @entity2972 , five a @entity5254 , and one @entity1 had a post operative @entity5173 from a retroauricular wound. In temporal @entity174 with @entity5173 regular insertion of sterilized foam rubber sponges into the ear allows adequate samples to be collected. In @entity5254 with profuse leakage there is no difficulty in collecting enough fluid for analysis. If there is too little fluid or if the question of localization arises we insert sterile sponges, as for CSF @entity2972 , into the right and the left of the nose as far as the nasopharynx. They are left in place for 6 hours to provide an adequate sample. The analysis of the samples of CSF @entity2972 showed a protein content of 3-6 g/l whereas the samples of @entity5254 , especially from sponges, showed a content of up to 39 g/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Initial clinical experiences with @entity2263 - @entity69 in oto- and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea', 'cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea', 'CSF rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CSF leakage']

answer: @entity5254 :: (MESH:D002559,Disease) :: ['rhinorrhea']


abstract: PURPOSE AND @entity1 AND METHODS: Both complement and contact system of coagulation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity295 . We therefore measured levels of the complement activation products C1-C1-inhibitor complexes and @entity4417 in serial plasma samples (obtained every six hours) from 48 @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity295 , and related these levels to the clinical outcome. @entity10287 was also measured in samples obtained on admission. RESULTS: @entity4417 levels were elevated in 47 @entity1 at least once during the observation period. These levels appeared to be considerably higher in @entity1 who died than in @entity1 who survived. This difference was found for the levels on admission (p = 0.0003), as well as for the highest (p = 0.0010) and the lowest (p less than 0.0001) levels encountered in each @entity1 . The mortality in @entity1 with plasma @entity4417 levels of 13 nmol/liter or less on admission (27 @entity1 ) was 33 percent, compared with 86 percent in @entity1 with levels of 14 nmol/liter or more. @entity1 with @entity326 had significantly higher @entity4417 levels than normotensive @entity1 (p values between 0.046 and 0.004). No significant differences in @entity4417 were found between @entity1 who had @entity649 and those who did not. @entity10287 levels in plasma samples obtained on admission were elevated in 43 @entity1 . These levels correlated very significantly with @entity4417 levels (p less than 0.0001), and showed similar associations with a fatal outcome. C1-C1-inhibitor complexes were elevated in 23 @entity1 at least once during the observation period. These @entity1 had significantly higher levels of @entity10287 and @entity4417 than @entity1 with normal amounts of C1-C1-inhibitor complexes. @entity1 who died had higher levels of C1-C1-inhibitor complexes than @entity1 who survived. However, this difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: On the basis of our results, we propose that activation of the complement system via the classical pathway is involved in the development of fatal complications in @entity295 .

title: Elevated plasma levels of the anaphylatoxins XXXX and @entity10287 are associated with a fatal outcome in @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

answer: @entity4417 :: (718,Gene) :: ['C3a']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) proton therapy provides excellent dosimetric benefits in pelvic @entity5 treatment, yet day-to-day anatomical variations in pelvic region tend to cause range uncertainties. This study evaluates the dosimetric robustness under anatomical changes for three @entity4653 intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT), IMPT using worstcase robust optimization (thereafter 'Robust IMPT'), and single-field uniform dose (SFUD), in cervical @entity5 treatment. METHODS: IMPT, Robust IMPT, and SFUD plans using the same beam directions and the same prescription (Rx) were generated on computed tomography (CT) images acquired on the simulation day. The dose from each plan was then recomputed on CT images acquired in subsequent two to five weeks using the same protocol. The weekly CTs were registered to the planning CT based on bony anatomy. Target coverage was considered adequate on each weekly CT if dose to 99% of the internal target volume (D_ITV99%) reached at least 95% of the Rx dose. Statistical analysis was then performed on the 21 weekly CT images available for the 7 enrolled @entity1 . RESULTS: Statistically, IMPT was unable to maintain target coverage (mean D_ITV99% = 90.5% Rx, p = 0.004), and SFUD was able to maintain target coverage (mean D_ITV99% = 98.0% Rx, p = 0.0064), in the weeks following simulation. Robust IMPT was able to improve the robustness of IMPT significantly (p < 0.0001), though its maintenance of target coverage was not statistically significant by the 95% Rx criteria (mean D_ITV99% = 96.0%, p = 0.1677). CONCLUSION: During the multi-week treatment course with anatomical variations, SFUD is robust in terms of maintaining target coverage while IMPT is not. The worst-case optimized Robust IMPT, assuming   3.5% range uncertainties, improves the robustness of IMPT under anatomical changes significantly, even though it was not designed to account for anatomical changes by mechanism.

title: TH-C-BRD-11: Robustness of Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Therapy for XXXX Under Anatomical Changes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['PBS', 'Pencil beam scanning']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Pelvic Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recently, three novel non- @entity2067 antagonist oral anticoagulants received approval for reimbursement in Portugal for @entity1 with non-valvular @entity955 ( @entity955 ). It is therefore important to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of these new oral anticoagulants in Portuguese @entity955 @entity1 . METHODS: A Markov model was used to analyze disease progression over a lifetime horizon. Relative efficacy data for @entity64 ( @entity63 and @entity548 ), @entity548 (intracranial, other major @entity548 and clinically relevant non-major @entity548 ), @entity583 and treatment discontinuation were obtained by pairwise indirect comparisons between @entity5424 , @entity3926 and @entity3925 using @entity1229 as a common comparator. Data on resource use were obtained from the database of diagnosis-related groups and an expert panel. Model outputs included life years gained, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), direct healthcare costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). RESULTS: @entity5424 provided the most life years gained and QALYs. The ICERs of @entity5424 compared to @entity1229 and @entity3926 were    5529/QALY and    9163/QALY, respectively. @entity5424 was dominant over @entity3925 (greater health gains and lower costs). The results were robust over a wide range of inputs in sensitivity analyses. @entity5424 had a 70% probability of being cost-effective (at a threshold of    20 000/QALY) compared to all the other therapeutic options. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5424 is a cost-effective alternative to @entity1229 and @entity3926 and is dominant over @entity3925 in @entity955 @entity1 from the perspective of the Portuguese national healthcare system. These conclusions are based on indirect comparisons, but despite this limitation, the information is useful for healthcare decision-makers.

title: Cost-effectiveness of non- XXXX antagonist oral anticoagulants for @entity955 in Portugal.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['Apixaban', 'apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity2067 :: (MESH:D014812,Chemical) :: ['vitamin K']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of selective sacral rhizotomy in treating @entity1494 after @entity1566 and to explore the mechanism and the best surgical method of different sacral rhizotomies. METHODS: The @entity1494 models were established in 12 male @entity235 and were divided into 4 groups according to the different rhizotomies of the sacral nerve as the following: rhizotomy of the anterior root of S2 (group A), rhizotomy of the anterior root of S2 and half of the anterior root of S3 (group B), rhizotomy of the anterior roots of S2 and S3 (group C), and total rhizotomy of the nerve roots of S2-4 (group D). By urodynamic examination and electrophysiological observation, the changes of all functional data were recorded and compared between pre-rhizotomy and post-rhizotomy to testify the best surgical method. In clinical trial, according to the results of the above experiments, rhizotomy of the anterior root of S2 or one of the half-anterior root of S3 were conducted on 32 @entity1 with @entity1494 after @entity1566 . The mean bladder capacity, the mean urine evacuation and the mean urethra pressure were (120 +/- 30), (100 +/- 30)ml and (120 +/- 20) cm @entity2507 , respectively before rhizotomy. RESULTS: After rhizotomy, the bladder capacity in 4 groups amounted to (150 +/- 50), (180 +/- 50), (230 +/- 50), and (400 +/- 50) ml, respectively; and the urine evacuation volume were (130 +/- 30), (180 +/- 50), (100 +/- 50) and (50 +/- 30)ml, respectively. In the treated 32 @entity1 , the mean bladder capacity were raised to 410 ml, and the mean urine evacuation volume were also increased to 350 ml. @entity322 disappeared in all @entity1 . After 22-month follow-up on 13 @entity1 , no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSION: The effect of selective sacral rhizotomy in treating @entity1566 is significant and worthy of further studies.

title: [Experimental and clinical studies on selective sacral rhizotomy in treatment of @entity1494 after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Incontinence of urine']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['spastic bladder']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'spastic cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the requirement for professional nursing care and the nursing care costs for @entity1 with acute @entity1566 . This descriptive study used a convenience sample of 50 consecutively admitted @entity602 ( @entity602 ) @entity1 who agreed to participate. Trained data collectors interviewed @entity1 daily, reviewed the chart and spoke with the @entity1 's nurses, after which nursing diagnoses were determined and acuity calculated. The sample consisted of 26 quadriplegic (Q), 5 ventilator-dependent quadriplegic (V) and 19 paraplegic (P) @entity602 subjects. The median length of stay (LOS) was 16 days with an intensive care unit (ICU) LOS of 4 days. LOS in the intermediate unit was 11 days. Median hours of nursing care was 143 (translating to  2458) for the entire acute care hospitalization. Specific hours of care and consequent costs were determined for all three groups through both phases of care. Significant differences were found in the hours of nursing care required among the three groups (X2 7.18, df = 2, p < .03), even though no difference was found in the LOS. A nursing consumption ratio (hours of nursing care/hours of LOS) demonstrated that ventilator-dependent @entity602 @entity1 required the greatest number of nursing care hours.

title: Requirement for nursing care services and associated costs in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['SCI', 'spinal cord-injured']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the era of pay for performance and outcome comparisons among institutions, it is imperative to have reliable and accurate surveillance methodology for monitoring infectious complications. The current monitoring standard often involves a combination of prospective and retrospective analysis by trained @entity281 control (IC) teams. We have developed a medical informatics application, the Surgical Intensive Care-Infection Registry (SIC-IR), to assist with @entity281 surveillance. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Evaluate for differences in data gathered between the current IC practices and SIC-IR; and (2) determine which method has the best sensitivity and specificity for identifying @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ). METHODS: A prospective analysis was conducted in two surgical and @entity130 intensive care units (STICU) at a level I @entity130 center (Unit 1: 8 months, Unit 2: 4 months). Data were collected simultaneously by the SIC-IR system at the point of @entity1 care and by IC utilizing multiple administrative and clinical modalities. Data collected by both systems included @entity1 days, ventilator days, central line days, number of VAPs, and number of catheter-related blood steam @entity281 (CR-BSIs). Both VAPs and CR-BSIs were classified using the definitions of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The VAPs were analyzed individually, and true @entity281 were defined by a physician panel blinded to methodology of surveillance. Using these true @entity281 as a reference standard, sensitivity and specificity for both SIC-IR and IC were determined. RESULTS: A total of 769 @entity1 were evaluated by both surveillance systems. There were statistical differences between the median number of @entity1 days/month and ventilator-days/month when IC was compared with SIC-IR. There was no difference in the rates of CR-BSI/1,000 central line days per month. However, @entity2489 rates were significantly different for the two surveillance methodologies (SIC-IR: 14.8/1,000 ventilator days, IC: 8.4/1,000 ventilator days; p = 0.008). The physician panel identified 40 @entity1 (5%) who had 43 VAPs. The SIC-IR identified 39 and IC documented 22 of the 40 @entity1 with @entity2489 . The SIC-IR had a sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 100%, respectively, for identifying @entity2489 and for IC, a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 99%. CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing SIC-IR at the point of @entity1 care by a multidisciplinary STICU team offers more accurate @entity281 surveillance with high sensitivity and specificity. This monitoring can be accomplished without additional resources and engages the physicians treating the @entity1 .

title: Who is monitoring your XXXX : shouldn't you be?

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: Animal foraging routes are analogous to the computationally demanding "traveling salesman problem" (TSP), where individuals must find the shortest path among several locations before returning to the start. @entity1 approximate solutions to TSPs using simple heuristics or "rules of thumb," but our knowledge of how other animals solve multidestination routing problems is incomplete. Most nonhuman primate species have shown limited ability to route plan. However, captive vervets were shown to solve a TSP for six sites. These results were consistent with either planning three steps ahead or a risk-avoidance strategy. I investigated how wild @entity3176 ( @entity8896 ) solved a path problem with six, equally rewarding food sites; where site arrangement allowed assessment of whether vervets found the shortest route and/or used paths consistent with one of three simple heuristics to navigate. Single vervets took the shortest possible path in fewer than half of the trials, usually in ways consistent with the most efficient heuristic (the convex hull). When in competition, vervets' paths were consistent with different, more efficient heuristics dependent on their dominance rank (a cluster strategy for dominants and the nearest neighbor rule for subordinates). These results suggest that, like @entity1 , vervets may solve multidestination routing problems by applying simple, adaptive, context-specific "rules of thumb." The heuristics that were consistent with @entity8896 paths in this study are the same as some of those asserted to be used by @entity1 . These spatial movement strategies may have common evolutionary roots and be part of a universal mental navigational toolkit. Alternatively, they may have emerged through convergent evolution as the optimal way to solve multidestination routing problems.

title: XXXX use paths consistent with context-specific spatial movement heuristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity8896 :: ('60710', 'Species') :: ['vervet', 'Chlorocebus pygerythrus']

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['vervet monkeys']

answer: @entity3176 :: (9534,Species) :: ['Vervet monkeys']


abstract: We evaluated the effect of urokinase on pulmonary microthrombi formation of the donor lung using a @entity235 cadaver left lung allotransplantation model. Donor animals were sacrificed with an intravenous injection of @entity4337 without heparinization and were divided into three groups. In group 1 (n = 6), cadavers were left at room temperature for 1 hour, and lung retrieval was then performed after @entity1671 with low @entity972 - @entity20429 - @entity413 solution. Donor lungs were stored for 3 hours at 8 degrees C. In group 2 (n = 6), donor lungs were treated as in group 1 except that the cadavers were left at room temperature for 2 hours instead of 1 hour before lung retrieval. In group 3 (n = 6), donor lungs were treated as in group 2 except that high-dose urokinase (120,000 IU) was injected into the main pulmonary artery after flushing with low- @entity972 - @entity413 - @entity413 solution. In all groups after left lung transplantation, the right pulmonary artery was ligated, and recipient animals were followed up for 6 hours after reperfusion. The fibrin degradation product level in the donor lung tissue was also measured. All recipient animals in group 1 survived the 6-hour observation period with excellent gas exchange and stable hemodynamics. Group 3 had significantly better gas exchange than group 2 and similar cardiopulmonary function as group 1. The fibrin degradation product level in the donor lungs before transplantation was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Improved lung function by urokinase infusion in XXXX lung transplantation using non-heart-beating donors.

entities_list: @entity1671 :: ('MESH:D005483', 'Disease') :: ['flushing the lung block']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'dextrose']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This retrospective, case-control study was designed to find side effects of @entity261 after total parathyroidectomy plus autotransplantation. METHODS: After successful total parathyroidectomy plus autotransplantation for symptomatic @entity3528 , 19 @entity1 who had intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels <10 pg/ml during the follow-up period of 1 year and 38 @entity1 , who had levels >10 pg/ml, were enrolled as the @entity261 and nonhypoparathyroid groups. Data were collected on etiology, symptoms, serum levels of @entity460 , @entity1391 , alkaline phosphatase ( @entity7041 -ptase), iPTH, and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) at different sites. Then, 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year after surgery, serum levels of @entity460 , @entity1391 , @entity7041 -ptase, and iPTH were measured again. Three months later, symptoms were recorded. One year after surgery, the @entity79 at different sites was measured again. @entity1 ' daily requirements of @entity4959 and @entity3875 were recorded at the mean follow-up of 24 months. RESULTS: @entity460 , @entity1391 , and iPTH levels decreased significantly 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year after surgery, and @entity7041 -ptase levels increased at 1 week and then decreased significantly 3 months and 1 year after surgery. Symptoms improved significantly 3 months after surgery. The @entity79 of different sites increased significantly at 1 year. There were no differences between the two groups regarding changes of symptoms, @entity79 , and @entity460 , @entity1391 , and @entity7041 -ptase levels. @entity261 @entity1 required significantly more @entity4959 and @entity3875 than nonhypoparathyroid @entity1 did (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Even though @entity261 @entity1 require more @entity4959 and @entity3875 than nonhypoparathyroid @entity1 do, they do not have any side effects.

title: @entity261 after total parathyroidectomy plus subcutaneous autotransplantation for XXXX --any side effects?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroid', 'hypoparathyroidism', 'Hypoparathyroid']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Deaths and @entity204 rates for @entity2615 are presented by age, sex, and geographic area for the United States for the years 1968-81. @entity204 rates increased with age and in every age group were roughly three times higher for males than for females. Over the period 1968-81, @entity204 rates increased for males aged 65 years or more, whereas @entity204 rates in other age-sex groupings remained fairly constant or declined slightly. It is known that @entity1355 is highly related to @entity2615 , and the increase in @entity204 rates among older males could be due to @entity1355 . Conversely, the fact that @entity204 rates in younger males and in females have not been increasing suggests some kind of background level not strongly related to the use of @entity1355 . When the geographic distribution of @entity204 rates was examined by state, there was considerable geographic variation with some clustering. High @entity204 rates for males appeared for the Northeastern States and along the Pacific Coast, and for Illinois, Florida, Wyoming, and Colorado. Females shared this geographic pattern to some extent. When @entity204 rates were examined by county, a relationship was seen between @entity2615 deaths among males and the presence of @entity1355 products plants and shipbuilding facilities. Excessive @entity204 rates in some counties and states did not appear to be related to @entity1355 exposure. Although the similarity in geographic patterns of mortality for males and females suggests a common etiology, the trends in mortality suggest different etiologies. There may be important causes of @entity2615 yet to be identified.

title: Geographic patterns for XXXX deaths in the United States, 1968-81.

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma', 'mesothelioma', 'mesothelioma of the pleura']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: The @entity6007 is an anomaly characterized by the complete or partial absence of derivatives of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches often associated with defective development of the third, fourth, and sixth aortic arches leading to @entity10515 . The fifth pharyngeal pouch, often considered a part of the fourth pouch, gives rise to the ultimobranchial body (UB), which becomes incorporated into the thyroid gland and is thought to be the source of thyroid C cells. Robinson suggested that complete or partial absence of the UB should be considered a part of the @entity154 . To substantiate this theory, the thyroid glands of 11 @entity1 with the @entity6007 and 11 age-matched control @entity1 were examined immunohistochemically using the immunoperoxidase technique for presence or absence of @entity175 (TC)-containing cells. Only three of 11 @entity1 with the @entity6007 had TC-containing cells in their thyroid glands (27 per cent), and nine of 11 control @entity1 had these cells (82 per cent). It is concluded that thyroid C cell deficiency is present in most @entity1 with @entity154 , suggesting a relationship between these cells and development of derivatives of the third through fifth visceral pouches. Furthermore, there is a spectrum of deficiency of thyroid C cells in these individuals comparable with the spectrum of partial to complete absence of third and fourth pharyngeal pouch derivatives regarding thymus and parathyroid glands. Immunostaining for TC of the lungs of all @entity1 with the @entity6007 and control @entity1 revealed similar numbers of @entity175 -containing cells in both groups. Asynchronous development of thyroid and lung @entity175 -containing cells in those with the @entity6007 favors the theory that the latter develop independently of derivatives of the third through fifth visceral pouches. This study further supports a neural crest origin of the @entity154 and strengthens the concept that the @entity154 is a neurocristopathy.

title: XXXX -containing cells in the @entity154 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Di George anomaly']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrocalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['Di George syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10515 :: ('MESH:C536288', 'Disease') :: ['absence or hypoplasia of the thymus and parathyroid glands and to cardiovascular anomalies']

answer: @entity175 :: (MESH:D002116,Chemical) :: ['Thyrocalcitonin']


abstract: Twenty-six @entity1 (4-16 years) had @entity1276 and @entity85 ; 22 @entity1 had @entity1635 over 50 degrees, and five @entity1 had @entity1513 over 100 degrees. Twenty-one @entity1 had metrizamide enhanced cord CT scans, and 12 had additional head scans. Two @entity1 died, and one was autopsied. Three @entity1 had intracranial pressures monitored during spinal surgery. All @entity1 had Type I and II @entity1645 , 58% had @entity602 (syringo/hydromyelia), 67% had cord tethering. The anatomic study showed extensive @entity82 and scarring of the upper cord and brain stem, but intraoperative studies showed that there is free transmission of fluid pressure wave from the cord across the foramen magnum with a consequent rise in intracranial pressure. This study documents frequent coexistence of @entity149 ( @entity1276 , @entity1645 , cord tethering with @entity1146 , and @entity602 ). It supports the theory that the @entity1645 is a primary @entity245 and that @entity602 noted in these @entity1 is primarily @entity1644 formed on the basis of @entity63 @entity39 within the cord. The free transmission of a fluid pressure wave from the cord to the lateral ventricle supports the Williams theory of propagation of syringomyelic cavities once they have developed. It is conjectural but likely that the @entity75 cause @entity85 by disrupting coordinating control of spinal musculature by the normal postural reflex mechanisms. Hydrocephalic @entity1 who develop @entity85 require thorough investigation for @entity75 with head scans, CT scans, and @entity6161 enhanced CT scans. NMR technology, however, may supplant techniques currently employed.

title: @entity1276 , cervical XXXX , and @entity85 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lesions']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Arnold-Chiari malformations', 'Arnold-Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord cavitation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity and central nervous system lesions']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental deformity']

entities_list: @entity6161 :: ('MESH:D008793', 'Chemical') :: ['metrizamide']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['cord lesions']


abstract: @entity14855 is a @entity460 -dependent phosphatase that is involved in many cellular processes including @entity1184 . Inhibition or genetic loss of @entity616 pathological @entity1283 and @entity2316 . However, calcineurin does not appear to be involved in physiological @entity1283 induced by exercise. The role of calcineurin in a compensatory, non-pathological model of @entity8 has not been tested. Therefore, in this study, we examined activation of calcineurin and the effect of calcineurin inhibition or knockout on @entity1184 following uninephrectomy (UNX). UNX induces ~15% increase in the size of the remaining kidney; the data show no change in the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS), @entity14856 or transforming growth factor-b expression confirming the model as one of @entity1184 . Next, analyses of the remaining kidney reveal that total calcineurin activity is increased, and, to a lesser extent, transcriptional activity of the calcineurin substrate nuclear factor of activated T cell is up-regulated following UNX. However, inhibition of calcineurin with @entity205 failed to prevent @entity8 . Likewise, @entity1184 was comparable to WT in @entity19 lacking either isoform of the catalytic subunit of calcineurin (CnAa-/- or @entity14857 -/-). In conclusion, similar to its role in the heart, calcineurin is required for pathological but not @entity8 . This separation of signalling pathways could therefore help further define key factors necessary for pathological @entity1184 including @entity2316 .

title: XXXX following uninephrectomy is calcineurin-independent.

entities_list: @entity14855 :: ('CHEBI:53439', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcineurin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory renal hypertrophy', 'renal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic renal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['calcineurin blocks']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Compensatory renal hypertrophy']


abstract: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), have @entity5 preventive and @entity5 regressive effects in the @entity1 colon. They lower the incidence of and mortality from @entity14 and sulindac reduces the number and size of @entity1127 in @entity1 with @entity1412 . We studied the effect of sulindac, and its metabolite sulindac @entity3287 , on the proliferation of HT-29 @entity694 cells. Both compounds reduced the proliferation rate of these cells, changed their morphology, and caused them to accumulate in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. These responses were time- and concentration-dependent and reversible. In addition, these compounds reduced the level and activity of several cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), which regulate cell cycle progression. Sulindac and @entity12985 also induced apoptosis in these cells at concentrations that affected their proliferation, morphology, and cell cycle phase distribution. @entity12985 was approximately sixfold more potent than sulindac in inducing these cellular responses. Our results indicate that inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of apoptotic cell death contribute to the anti-proliferative effects of sulindac and sulindac @entity3287 in HT-29 cells. These findings may be relevant to the @entity5 preventive and @entity5 regressive effects of these compounds in @entity1 .

title: Sulindac @entity3287 , an aspirin-like compound, inhibits proliferation, causes cell cycle quiescence, and induces apoptosis in HT-29 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity12985 :: ('MESH:C025462', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulindac sulfide', 'sulindac sulfide']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity3287 :: ('CHEBI:26822', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfide']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']


abstract: In order to determine the effects of @entity134 administration on the metabolic response to isolated closed- @entity542 , a longitudinal study was performed. Metabolic indices were prospectively evaluated for the first 5 days postinjury in six @entity1 who received @entity230 and 10 @entity1 who did not. @entity1 were carefully screened to eliminate those with associated injuries as well as those with abnormalities due to @entity295 . Other than @entity134 administration, a uniform treatment regimen was used in both groups. Metabolic indices measured on postinjury Days 1, 3, and 5 were analyzed. In addition, data were compared to results in large data banks obtained both from overnight-fasted @entity1 (fasted controls) and from polytrauma victims (stressed controls). Both treatment groups were comparable with respect to age, mean Glasgow Coma Scale scores on admission and on Day 5, and initial intracranial pressure. Metabolic data indicated significantly higher levels of @entity1568 excretion and somatic protein mobilization in @entity134 -treated @entity1 than in @entity1 not receiving @entity230 . In both groups, @entity413 levels, the @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio, and branched-chain @entity535 levels (all metabolic indices that correlate well with level of stress) initially corresponded to values for stressed controls. By Day 5, values for these variables were similar to fasted controls for the group not receiving @entity230 . In @entity1 receiving @entity230 , however, the data remained similar to those for stressed controls. It is concluded that @entity230 prolong the metabolic abnormalities associated with the initial phase of @entity542 . In view of inconclusive data regarding benefit from @entity134 administration, serious questions must be raised regarding the use of these catabolic agents in this setting.

title: Physiological and metabolic response to isolated closed- @entity542 . Part 2: Effects of XXXX on metabolism. Potentiation of protein wasting and abnormalities of substrate utilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: This study compares the prevalence rates of 5 common age-dependent diseases in non-demented and demented subjects. Control and @entity303 populations were approximately age-matched and their numbers also approximated. Prevalence rates for @entity101 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity64 , @entity5 and @entity6 were determined. The rates of two or more coexisting diseases in the same @entity1 were also compared. Two populations were studied: one was designated the autopsy series, and the other the hospital series. In the autopsy series, the rate of @entity1283 / @entity101 was 1.3 times higher in the control than in the @entity303 population, and for @entity583 it was 1.7 times higher in the former than in the latter. The rate for @entity64 was higher in the control group by only a factor of 1.1, for @entity5 by only a factor of 1.2, and for @entity6 the rates were almost identical in the two populations. The rate differences were statistically significant only with respect to @entity1283 and @entity583 . When the non-vascular and @entity1294 were compared, the rates in the latter were higher by only a factor of 1.3 for @entity1283 , @entity64 , @entity5 and @entity6 ; for MIs, the rates were about the same in the two @entity303 categories. The data for two or more coexisting diseases were almost identical in control and @entity303 autopsy populations. In the hospital series, the @entity101 rate was 1.6 times higher in the control than in the @entity195 ( @entity195 ) group; for @entity583 , the control group was higher by a factor of 1.5.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comorbidity of other chronic age-dependent diseases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementias']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Prolongation of the @entity827 ( @entity827 ) following transcranial magnetic stimulation has been reported in @entity1 with partial @entity302 involving the primary motor cortex (M1). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expected intraindividual variations in risk factors for @entity410 and @entity827 duration. METHODS: We studied a 59-year-old @entity1 with a @entity1654 and simple motor partial @entity410 and a 71-year-old @entity1 with a @entity1653 and complex partial @entity410 . Both @entity1 had @entity410 as their initial symptom with complete postsurgical remission. Repeated pre- and postoperative @entity827 recordings were made from both first dorsal interosseous muscles. We compared the results to those obtained in 13 normals. RESULTS: In the @entity1 with simple motor partial @entity410 , the @entity827 was significantly prolonged in preoperative recordings and 3 weeks after surgery. This @entity827 lengthening partly subsided 3 months after surgery. Finally, the @entity827 was normal 6, 8, and 18 months after surgery. In the @entity1 with complex partial @entity410 , no @entity827 change was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In our @entity1 with a @entity1654 , @entity827 prolongation was observed when the risk of @entity410 relapse was supposed to be higher (preoperative and early postoperative periods). This supports the view that @entity827 changes reflect compensatory mechanisms in M1 @entity302 .

title: Cortical silent period in two XXXX with @entity1653 and preoperative @entity410 : a pre- and postsurgical follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['CSP', 'cortical silent period']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['parietal/occipital meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1654 :: ('MESH:D019305', 'Disease') :: ['rolandic meningioma']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: Aim of the study was to test the safety and efficacy of sutureless colorectal @entity254 using @entity162 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity35 albino @entity35 were used. The rectum just proximal to the peritoneal reflection was transected in 22 @entity35 (Group 1), and the bowel ends were anastomosed or welded end-to-end using @entity162 forceps (Scoville-Greenwood, 60-1765-001, ConMed, USA). Coagulation using 60 milliamperes took one second for each weld. In 14 @entity35 (Group 2), bowel @entity254 was carried out by hand-sewn sutures. The animals were followed up for general condition and body weight, and were sacrificed at six weeks. The anastomoses were studied with regard to burst pressure, stenosis and histopathology. RESULTS: All @entity35 survived, and body weight gain was significant (p<0.01 for Group 1, p<0.05 for Group 2). There were no intraabdominal complications (leakage, obstruction, etc.), except in one @entity35 (in Group 2), who had intraabdominal abscess. Although intraluminal pressure was increased to 40 cm @entity2507 with extensive stretching of the colorectal segment, the anastomoses did not burst or open in either the sutureless or sutured groups. The bowel diameter 1 cm distal and 1 cm proximal to the anastomoses did not show any difference between both groups. Neomucosa completely covered 78% of sutured anastomoses and 36% of sutureless anastomoses (p<0.05). Inflammation developed in 78% of sutured anastomoses and 36% of sutureless anastomoses (p<0.05). @entity4 , giant cell and mast cell infiltration were equivalent in both anastomoses. Lymphoid tissue @entity1373 markedly appeared in the sutureless anastomoses (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: This simple technique of sutureless colorectal @entity254 may be useful and offer an alternative to other colorectal @entity254 techniques.

title: A novel technique of sutureless colorectal @entity254 by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar coagulating', 'bipolar coagulation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar coagulation']


abstract: A number of small and largely uncontrolled trials have studied the use of vasodilators and inotropic agents in @entity1 with @entity712 over the last 15 years. These trials have been of short duration and primarily designed to answer questions about dosages, mechanisms, and @entity137 , and therefore they have not been particularly useful in addressing the issue of survival. Despite this drawback, these small clinical trials have been important in providing data about drugs that might be used in large-scale controlled clinical trials designed to test the survival hypothesis--that specific therapy may prolong life in @entity1 with @entity712 . Nitrates, @entity2514 , and the converting-enzyme inhibitors have emerged as the vasodilators that are most promising in our quest to prolong survival in @entity1 with @entity712 . @entity7604 has been perhaps the most extensively studied inotropic-vasodilator drug, but there are no data so far to suggest that it may prolong survival. The principal questions that need to be addressed are: Do vasodilators that improve symptoms also improve survival? Which vasodilator drug regimen is most effective in prolonging survival? Should inotropic agents be considered for survival trials? What dose of vasodilator should be used? When in the natural course of the disease should therapy be initiated? Answers are now available to some of these questions, but large-scale clinical trials will be necessary to clarify all of the answers.

title: Physiologic determinants of survival in XXXX . The survival hypothesis: how small uncontrolled studies should influence the design of large-scale clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['Milrinone']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: On December 31 1984, 262 @entity1 between 7 and 16 years of age were being trained in the major institutions for the @entity227 in Switzerland. Of these, 173 (66%) were @entity227 and 89 (34%) were blind (i.e. some or no light perception). The causes of the @entity227 were @entity600 (65%), @entity166 (14%), @entity3385 (12%), @entity209 (4%), @entity5 (3%) and accidents (2%). Among the blind @entity1 these diagnostic groups were distributed as follows: @entity600 (53%), @entity16371 (25%), @entity281 (10%), @entity5 (10%). The rates of @entity1939 within The single diagnostic groups were as follows: accidents: 4 out of 5 @entity1 ; @entity5 : 78%; @entity16371 : 69%. This risk of developing @entity1939 in @entity16371 @entity1 , as compared to the risk in the overall population studied, had the highest statistical significance (p less than 0.0001). Malformations (28%) and @entity166 (22%) represented a lower than average risk of developing @entity1939 , the average figure for the whole population being 34%. The risk of developing @entity1939 as a consequence of @entity281 was statistically not different from that in the total population investigated. All @entity16371 @entity1 had a birthweight below 2000 g. By extrapolation an incidence of 0.24% @entity16371 cases was estimated for prematures below 2000 g. During the 10 years under investigation (1968-1977), 3.6 new cases of @entity16371 /100,000 live births were diagnosed per year, with a peak in 1975 and 1976. This figure is probably an underestimate, since severely brain damaged blind @entity1 with multiple handicaps were not considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Epidemiological study of severe XXXX in Swiss @entity1 with special reference to @entity3385 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visually impaired', 'visually handicapped', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['retrolental fibroplasia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['vision impairment']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the associations of @entity2194 and @entity227 with the most widely used health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) generic profile measure. DESIGN: HRQOL was assessed using the short form-36 (SF-36) version 1 survey administered to a sample of @entity1 receiving care provided by a physician group practice association. METHODS: Eye diseases, @entity1109 , and general health were assessed in a sample of @entity1 from 48 physician groups. A total of 18,480 surveys were mailed out and 7,093 returned; 5,021 of these had complete data. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the decrements in self-reported physical and mental health associated with @entity2194 and symptoms, including trouble seeing and @entity227 . RESULTS: Nine percent of the respondents had @entity231 , 2% had age-related @entity1020 , 2% @entity726 , 8% @entity227 , and 13% trouble seeing. Trouble seeing and @entity227 both had statistically unique associations with worse scores on the SF-36 mental health summary score. Only trouble seeing had a significant association with the SF-36 physical health summary score. While these @entity1109 were significantly associated with SF-36 scores, having an @entity2194 ( @entity231 , @entity726 , and @entity1020 ) was not, after adjusting for other variables in the model. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an important link between @entity227 . The study extends the findings of prior research to show that both trouble seeing and @entity227 have independent, measurable associations with HRQOL, while the presence of specific @entity2194 may not.

title: Associations of XXXX and symptoms with self-reported physical and mental health.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease', 'eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurred vision', 'visual symptoms and general HRQOL', 'visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['ocular symptoms']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['eye diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the timing, course, and clinical characteristics of the response to intravenous immunoglobulin in @entity2646 ( @entity2646 ). DESIGN: Data were extracted from the ICE trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of immune globulin intravenous, 10% @entity12505 /chromatography purified (IGIV-C). SETTING: Multiple international centers. @entity1 : One hundred seventeen individuals with @entity2646 . Intervention Treatment with IGIV-C (Gamunex, n = 59) or placebo (n = 58), with IGIV-C administered as a 2-g/kg loading dose followed by a 1-g/kg maintenance dose every 3 weeks, for up to 24 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary efficacy parameter was an improvement of 1 or more points in adjusted @entity16 Cause and Treatment (INCAT) disability score. @entity1 treated with IGIV-C were divided into subgroups based on meeting responder vs nonresponder definitions and by time to first improvement. RESULTS: Among 30 responders to IGIV-C, 14 (47%) @entity1 had improved adjusted INCAT scores by week 3, and 16 (53%) @entity1 improved at week 6 after a second infusion. @entity1 who improved by week 3 were more severely disabled at baseline than those who improved at 6 weeks. In @entity1 who improved, the number of individuals reaching maximal improvement continued to increase during maintenance therapy for up to 24 weeks. For @entity1 with first improvement by week 3, the change in dominant-hand grip strength over time tended to parallel the INCAT score. In @entity1 with first improvement by week 6, however, the improvement in dominant-hand grip strength preceded initial improvement in INCAT score. CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest that treatment with 2 courses of IGIV-C administered 3 weeks apart may be required for initial improvement, and continued maintenance therapy may be necessary to achieve a maximal therapeutic response. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00220740.

title: Timing and course of clinical response to intravenous immunoglobulin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12505 :: ('CHEBI:25646', 'Chemical') :: ['caprylate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory Neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2646 :: ('MESH:D020277', 'Disease') :: ['CIDP', 'chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy']

answer: @entity2646 :: (MESH:D020277,Disease) :: ['chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the presence of @entity381 in @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) @entity1 without accompanying @entity101 or comorbidity. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 (7 @entity1 ) aged 23-65 years followed upon the diagnosis of @entity1701 were enrolled in the study. We documented the identified causes of @entity381 in @entity1 with @entity1701 , and searched for the potential causes of @entity381 in @entity1 with spleen enlargement. @entity1701 @entity1 with or without @entity381 were evaluated in terms of demographic and clinical findings. RESULTS: @entity381 was present in 6 of the 12 @entity1 . In these @entity1 , there were no infections, @entity1503 , @entity101 or @entity5 that might lead to @entity381 . The long axis of spleen was found to be in the range of 137-155 mm in @entity1 with @entity381 . @entity381 was more frequently determined in female @entity1701 @entity1 . The @entity381 group had a longer duration of disease (median 5.5 vs. 0.75 years) and a higher number of @entity715 events (median 3 vs. 1.5). The @entity381 group was especially composed of @entity1 who never received any anticoagulant and @entity117 , or who used these agents irregularly for very short periods. CONCLUSION: @entity381 was observed in association with disease duration, frequency of @entity715 events and irregular antiaggregant or anticoagulant treatment in @entity1 with @entity1701 , in the absence of comorbidity or @entity101 .

title: @entity381 in @entity1701 without accompanying XXXX or comorbidity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['PAPS', 'primary antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly', 'Splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['portal hypertension']


abstract: @entity4500 follicle is an extremely rare lesion. The practitioner should be able to differentiate it from a dentigerous cyst. The present article will review related literature and report on two cases in one family. A 12-year-old white female and her 15-year-old brother were referred for exposure of unerupted @entity235 . No @entity262 were present. Intra-oral examinations were unremarkable, except for the absence of all eight @entity235 . Radiographic examinations revealed impacted @entity235 with each unerupted tooth surrounded by a well-demarcated radiolucency, which passed beyond the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were surgically exposed and tissue specimens surrounding the unerupted teeth were analysed histologically. Histology revealed fibrous connective tissue with areas demonstrating some ground substance and multiple odontogenic epithelial rests. Some surfaces were partially lined by reduced enamel epithelium. A diagnosis of @entity4500 was made. Sometimes, it is difficult to differentiate @entity4500 from odontogenic @entity81 , both simple and central forms. A correct diagnosis should be based on clinical, radiographic and histological findings.

title: XXXX follicle - review of literature and report of two cases in one family.

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic dental follicle', 'Hyperplastic dental']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases or syndromes']

answer: @entity4500 :: (MESH:D014071,Disease) :: ['Hyperplastic dental']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fish consumption has numerous health benefits, with fish providing a source of protein as well as @entity9539 . However, some fish also contain contaminants that can impair @entity1 health. In North Carolina, the Department of Health and @entity1 Services has issued fish consumption advisories due to @entity5165 contamination in fish. Little is known about local fishers' consumption patterns and advisory adherence in North Carolina. METHODS: We surveyed a consecutive sample of 50 fishers (74.6% positive response rate) who reported eating fish caught from the Haw River Basin or Jordan Lake. They provided information on demographic characteristics, species caught, and the frequency of local fish consumption. Additionally, fishers provided information on their knowledge of fish consumption advisories and the impact of those advisories on their fishing and fish consumption patterns. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 were male (n = 44) and reported living in central North Carolina. Catfish, crappie, sunfish, and large-mouth bass were consumed more frequently than other species of fish. Of the fishers surveyed, 8 reported eating more than 1 fish meal high in @entity349 per week, which exceeds the North Carolina advisory recommendation. Most @entity1 (n = 32) had no knowledge of local fish advisories, and only 4 fishers reported that advisories impacted their fishing practices. LIMITATIONS: We sampled 50 fishers at 11 locations. There is no enumeration of the dynamic population of fishers and no way to assess the representativeness of this sample. CONCLUSIONS: Additional outreach is needed to make local fishers aware of fish consumption advisories and the potential health impacts of eating high- @entity349 fish, which may also contain other persistent and bioaccumulative toxins.

title: Fish Consumption Patterns and XXXX Advisory Knowledge Among Fishers in the Haw River Basin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity5165 :: ('CHEBI:30785', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmercury']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acids']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['Mercury']


abstract: Body sway was studied at various body inclinations, voluntarily maintained for about 1 min, in young and elderly normals and in idiopathic @entity191 . They stood on a dynamometric platform, whose output gave the instantaneous centre of foot pressure (CFP), its mean value and body sway area, with eyes open (EO) or closed (EC). Subjects held the normal upright stance, or the maximum possible inclined posture (body straight, rotated at the @entity3681 ) in forward or backward direction, or intermediate postures. EMG was recorded from tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (Sol), extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB). The cross-correlation function between the profile of the EMG envelope and the profile of the shift of CFP along the sagittal plane was calculated. In young subjects standing with EO, the maximum extent of antero-posterior (A-P) displacement of CFP was about 60% of foot length. EC reduced this value to about 50%. In the elderly normals, the maximum @entity572 was about 40% (EO) and 30% (EC). In both groups, sway area was minimal during normal stance with EO and increased progressively when the subjects leant forward or backward. With EC, sway area further increased during normal stance and the rate of increase in relation to inclination augmented markedly. Sol was tonically active during normal stance. Forward leaning increased Sol EMG and induced activity in FDB. TA and EDB were active during backward leaning. The peak of the cross-correlation function between Sol EMG and instantaneous CFP was higher during normal stance than forward inclination, while the reverse was true for FDB. This suggests a role of FDB in the fine-tuning of postural adjustment during forward leaning, and a weight-supporting role of Sol. During backward inclination, TA but not EDB was cross-correlated with CFP. In the @entity191 , maximum @entity572 of CFP was just about 30% of foot length (EO; about 20% with EC); its extent was inversely correlated with the severity of the disease. The relationship between sway area and @entity572 was similar to the elderly, both with EO and EC, within the common range of inclination. In the @entity1 affected by the long-term syndrome, @entity572 was further reduced while sway area increase at the critical postures was often absent. In all @entity1 , the relationship between muscle activity and body inclination was comparable to normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The limits of equilibrium in young and elderly normal subjects and in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['A-P displacement']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonians']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['parkinsonians']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There is a lack of literature regarding the procedure-specific quality of @entity282 management after @entity174 repair. The purpose of the presented prospective clinical study was to evaluate @entity282 management after surgical repair of midfacial @entity174 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-five adults were evaluated on the first postoperative day following midfacial repair using the questionnaire of the Quality Improvement in Postoperative @entity158 Management (QUIPS) project. The main outcome measures were @entity1 ' characteristics and clinical- and @entity1 -reported outcome parameters. RESULTS: Overall, @entity158 on the first postoperative day was moderate. A significant correlation between process and outcome parameters could be shown. Duration of surgery above the calculated median was significantly associated with higher maximum @entity158 intensity (p   =   0.017). @entity1 requiring opioids in the recovery room presented significantly higher @entity158 on activity (p   =   0.029) and maximum @entity158 (p   =   0.035). Sleeping impairment (p   =   0.001) and @entity1316 (p   =   0.008) were significantly more prevalent in @entity1 undergoing repair of a centrolateral @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: QUIPS is a simple and qualified tool to evaluate the procedure specific quality of @entity282 management. @entity158 on the first postoperative day following @entity174 repair seems overall to be moderate. Nearly a third of the @entity1 showed inadequate @entity282 management. To prevent inadequate @entity282 management, it is necessary to establish a continued procedure-specific outcome measurement.

title: Quality of XXXX management after @entity174 repair-an outcome-oriented study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'midfacial fracture']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbance']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['acute postoperative pain', 'postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The regulation of post-ischemic @entity4854 plays an important role in suppressing @entity528 in therapeutic strategies for @entity2806 . We previously reported that the cerebral @entity1372 - @entity413 transporter (SGLT) was involved in the post-ischemic @entity4854 -induced exacerbation of @entity2806 . Cortical @entity7078 , one of the cerebral SGLT isoforms, is dramatically increased by focal @entity2806 . In this study, we focused on the involvement of cerebral @entity7078 in the development of @entity2806 . It was previously reported that activation of @entity1920 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) increases @entity7078 expression. Moreover, ischemic stress-induced activation of AMPK exacerbates @entity2806 . Therefore, we directly confirmed the relationship between cerebral @entity7078 and cerebral AMPK activation using in vitro primary culture of @entity19 cortical neurons. An in vivo @entity19 model of focal @entity2806 was generated using a @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). The development of @entity1188 volume and behavioral abnormalities on day 3 after @entity2500 were ameliorated in cerebral @entity7078 knock down @entity19 . Cortical and striatal @entity7078 expression levels were significantly increased at 12h after @entity2500 . Immunofluorescence revealed that @entity7078 and the @entity7079 ( @entity7079 ) were co-localized in the cortex and striatum of @entity2500 @entity19 . In the in vitro study, primary cortical neurons were cultured for five days before each treatment with reagents. Concomitant treatment with @entity273 and @entity413 induced the elevation of @entity7078 and phosphorylated AMPK/AMPK ratio, and this elevation was suppressed by compound C, an AMPK inhibitor in primary cortical neurons. Moreover, compound C suppressed neuronal cell death induced by concomitant @entity273 / @entity413 treatment in primary cortical neurons. Therefore, we concluded that enhanced cerebral @entity7078 function mediated by post-ischemic @entity4854 exacerbates the development of @entity2806 . One of the mechanisms of cerebral @entity7078 up-regulation may be involved in the AMPK activation after @entity2806 .

title: Activation of cerebral @entity1372 - @entity413 transporter type 1 function mediated by post-ischemic @entity4854 exacerbates the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemic neuronal damage', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-adenosine monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity7079 :: ('52897(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['neuronal nuclear antigen', 'NeuN']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence that previous clinical expressions of systemic @entity731 may have on evolution and early mortality in @entity1 with acute @entity385 is not known. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence that atherosclerotic burden (ATB), assessed by a simple clinical scale, has on the 30-day mortality in @entity1 with first-ever @entity385 . DESIGN: Retrospective review of case series from a prospective @entity64 record. An ATB score ranging from 0 to 2 was created using the history of @entity741 and @entity3657 . The impact of this score on the 30-day mortality was analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. SETTING: Tertiary university hospital. @entity1 A total of 1527 @entity1 with first-ever @entity385 . Main Outcome Measure Thirty-day mortality. RESULTS: The 30-day mortality rate was 13.8%. Multivariate regression analysis showed an association between the ATB score and the 30-day mortality (P<.001). Comparing @entity1 having no previous ATB with those with an ATB score of 1 or 2, the odds ratio (OR) for 30-day mortality increased from 1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-2.75) for @entity1 with an ATB score of 1 to 5.90 (95% CI, 2.48-14.04) for those with an ATB score of 2. Age (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.18-1.25), @entity955 (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.10-2.35), @entity407 as protector (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.25-0.60), and glycemia at admission (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12) were also predictors of 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION: Previous symptomatic @entity731 evaluated by a simple clinical score is an independent predictor of early mortality in @entity1 with first-ever @entity385 .

title: @entity731 and early mortality in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: A double-blind prospective randomized trial of @entity2165 (100 mg once daily) was carried out on 88 @entity1 (78 @entity1 ) awaiting coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Standardized ratings of both @entity146 morbidity and functional capacity were made before, 3 months (n = 82) and 12 months (n = 81) after surgery. One year after surgery @entity1 in the @entity2165 group had a significantly shorter treadmill exercise time than those on placebo (7.21 +/- 0.28 min vs 8.32 +/- 0.40 min; p less than 0.05), but the frequency of reported @entity2142 during the year was similar in both drug groups. Improvement in functional capacity (measured in exercise time) in the 71 @entity1 following surgery was related to both physical and psychological variables assessed before the operation. @entity1 with more @entity432 , lower @entity663 and higher extraversion scores pre-operatively showed greater percentage improvement in exercise time after surgery. @entity1 had significantly levels of @entity146 morbidity and shorter treadmill exercise time than @entity1 both before and after surgery. Of the @entity146 and psychological variables, only ratings of Type A behaviour fell significantly in the @entity2165 group (170.9 +/- 5.3 vs 163.0 +/- 5.2; p less than 0.05). This change, which is probably not clinically important, occurred independently of any reduction in either overall @entity146 morbidity score or ratings of somatic symptoms mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors. The @entity2165 group reported more side-effects of both psychological and physical symptoms than the placebo group. We do not recommend the routine use of @entity2165 after bypass graft surgery. Our findings failed to support the suggestion that Type A characteristics may reflect an underlying sympathetic nervous system reactivity.

title: Does XXXX improve physical and psychological function after coronary artery bypass surgery: a controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['severe occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['anginal attacks']

answer: @entity2165 :: (MESH:D001262,Chemical) :: ['atenolol']