abstract: OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the effects of chemotherapy on the immunity of @entity5 @entity1 or the ideal timing for immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. To address these questions, we evaluated the effect of @entity136 and @entity900 combination chemotherapy on the immunity of @entity788 @entity1 . METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with far advanced @entity788 were enrolled and 7 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers were included as a control group. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, the amounts of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer cells, @entity404 , and @entity405 T cells were reduced. With this numerical suppression, NK cell cytotoxicity to K562 @entity1778 cells was also significantly impaired (7.7% +/- 4.9% versus 21.7% +/- 7.9% of DNA loss; P = 0.016). Serum concentrations of @entity7 and @entity688 ( @entity688 ) were higher than the control group (192.1 +/- 114.7 versus 50.8 +/- 39.5 pg/mL of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and 122 +/- 68.9 versus 111.4 +/- 37.4 pg/mL of @entity688 ). After 1 cycle of @entity136 and @entity900 chemotherapy, the impaired immunity of @entity1 with @entity788 was restored. Specifically, the recovery of DCs occurred rapidly and exceeded the value of healthy controls. Levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines, @entity688 and @entity7 , gradually decreased during chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic chemotherapy seems to be beneficial for restoring the impaired immunity of @entity1 with @entity788 , and one of the ideal times to collect DCs for immunotherapy is after completing each cycle of chemotherapy.

title: Differences in immune cells engaged in cell-mediated immunity after chemotherapy for far advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current incidence and outcomes of @entity130 have not been quantified in professional athletes. PURPOSE: To describe the incidence, risk, amount of time lost, and effect on performance for isolated @entity130 in athletes from the National Basketball Association (NBA). Demographic factors predicting the risk of @entity937 and the effect of injury in return to play were also investigated. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: A centralized database was queried to identify @entity130 occurring in the NBA over 21 seasons. The frequency of injury, time lost, game exposures, and incidence, rate, and risk were calculated. The preinjury and postinjury player efficiency rating (PER) was used to identify changes in player performance. RESULTS: We identified 129 isolated @entity937 in NBA athletes during a 21-season span. From this number, 77 (59.7%) involved the lateral meniscus and 52 (40.3%) the medial meniscus. @entity130 occurred more frequently in games. The lateral meniscus had a statistically significant higher injury rate. Both left and right knees were equally affected. The number of days missed for lateral @entity937 and medial @entity937 was 43.8    35.7 days and 40.9    29.7 days, respectively, and was not statistically different. There was a significant inverse relationship between age and rate of lateral @entity937 , with lateral @entity937 more likely to occur up to age 30 years; beyond that medial @entity937 were more common. Players with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 had a significantly increased risk of @entity937 compared with players with a BMI less than 25, specifically with an increased risk of lateral @entity937 . Twenty-five players (19.4%) did not return to play. For those who did, upon returning to competition, there was no statistical change in PER from their preinjury status, and the mean number of seasons completed was 4.1    3.7 seasons. CONCLUSION: The lateral meniscus is more frequently torn than the medial meniscus, but there was no difference in the amount of playing time lost. Both right and left knees were equally affected. There was an inverse relationship between age and the rate of lateral @entity937 . Risk of tears was increased in players having a BMI greater than 25. Injury did not negatively affect playing performance.

title: Epidemiology of isolated XXXX and its effect on performance in athletes from the National Basketball Association.

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal injury', 'Injuries', 'meniscal injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['meniscal injury']


abstract: We report a rare case of the @entity697 caused by @entity21874 . A 59-year-old @entity1 came to our hospital on foot because of her @entity542 . She slipped on a stone and hit her occiput against the concrete floor without @entity909 . On admission she was alert and complained of @entity1296 and @entity390 without @entity51 . She had a subcutaneous @entity1410 in the occiput. There was no Battle's sign nor cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Skull film revealed a linear @entity174 of the occipital bone. Computed Tomography(CT) of the brain showed the @entity697 at the left frontal region. She was treated conservatively and discharged 19 days after @entity51 . The mechanism of this lesion is speculated as follows: the deformation of the skull and the negative pressure produced in the frontal region with the @entity130 stripped the dura mater from the calvarium, which lead to the @entity397 and @entity548 of the small interposed vessels resulting in the @entity4282 .

title: [Acute XXXX caused by @entity21874 ].

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity21874 :: ('MESH:D056886', 'Disease') :: ['contrecoup injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['injury without neurological deficits', 'neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['occipital injury']

answer: @entity4282 :: (MESH:D046748,Disease) :: ['epidural hematoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to review the results of @entity1 who had @entity129 after undergoing carotid endarterectomy. METHODS: The prospective study reviewed 183 consecutive carotid endarterectomies. @entity129 were accomplished on all @entity1 . Neurologic evaluation included direct fiberoptic laryngoscopy. @entity1 found to be neurologically intact had no further follow-up. @entity1 with @entity86 were entered into regular long-term follow-up to assess delayed recovery. RESULTS: Twenty-six (14.2%) nerve @entity130 were identified in 21 @entity1 . There were 14 recurrent laryngeal, 8 hypoglossal, 2 marginal mandibular, and 2 greater @entity129 . Two @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Eighteen (9.8%) nerve @entity130 were transient, whereas two (1.1%) were permanent. Four @entity1 are currently undergoing extended follow-up to assess delayed recovery. Two @entity1 with recurrent @entity129 were found to have prolonged full recovery intervals: 20 months and 50 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of focal neuropraxia after carotid endarterectomy is presented. Most @entity130 are transient. However, permanent @entity130 can lead to significant disability. Extended follow-up will identify the small subset of @entity1 with delayed complete nerve recovery.

title: XXXX after carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve dysfunction', 'Preoperative and postoperative cranial nerve assessments', 'cranial and cervical nerve dysfunction', 'auricular nerve dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neuropraxia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['Cranial/cervical nerve dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity2918 and @entity842 are key mediators of @entity356 . @entity5694 alters gastric resistance to damage, but little is known of the effects of chronic @entity5694 on the expression of @entity3009 and @entity842 synthases (NOSs). The effects of short- vs. long-term administration of endotoxin on gastric resistance to damage and on expression of NOS and @entity3009 synthesis were compared. METHODS: @entity35 were treated with short- or long-term bacterial endotoxin, after which susceptibility to @entity1068 -induced damage was assessed. The effects of various inhibitors of @entity3009 and NOS were examined. Expression of gastric NOS and cyclooxygenase (COX) messenger RNA (mRNA) were examined. RESULTS: Repeated administration of endotoxin increased gastric resistance to @entity1068 - but not @entity3352 -induced injury. @entity3352 , but not a highly selective @entity4665 inhibitor or an inducible NOS inhibitor, abolished long-term endotoxin-induced gastric resistance to injury. Expression of mRNA for both @entity47092 , but not for endothelial or inducible NOS, were significantly increased after long-term endotoxin administration. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated exposure to endotoxin resulted in increased resistance of the gastric mucosa to injury through a @entity3009 -dependent pathway. These @entity2918 were produced via @entity9774 , which like @entity4665 , is induced by endotoxin administration.

title: Induction of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in the @entity35 stomach during XXXX : role in resistance to damage.

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['Endotoxemia', 'endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins', 'Prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal defense']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4806 is increasing at epidemic rates in industrialized nations. It is recommended that pediatricians screen all @entity1 annually with the use of body mass index (BMI). However, it is unclear whether this recommendation is followed. This study sought to (1) determine the proportion of @entity1 screened for @entity28 with BMI, and (2) test whether attending physicians are more likely than resident physicians to document and plot BMI. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of medical records in an urban academic pediatric practice. @entity1 were @entity1 aged 5 to 11 years presenting for health care in 2004. We measured the proportion of subjects with documented and plotted BMI and compared results for attending and resident physicians. We used logistic regression analysis to determine factors associated with documentation of BMI. RESULTS: Of 397 medical records reviewed, 59.7% contained the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth curve with BMI for age; 5.5% documented BMI, and 4.3% plotted BMI. Resident physicians were more likely to document (13.0% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.0008) and plot (9.0% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.0260) BMI compared with attending physicians. @entity1 with a BMI--95% for age were more likely to have their BMI documented (odds ratio [OR] = 10.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7, 31.5) and plotted (OR = 7.1, 95% CI 2.3, 21.6). CONCLUSION: We found the use of BMI to screen for @entity28 very poor in this academic pediatric practice. Resident physicians were more likely to document and plot BMI than attending physicians.

title: Pediatricians and screening for XXXX with body mass index: does level of training matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: In this study we have investigated DNA-protein interactions at an AP1-like motif of the neuropeptide @entity669 ( @entity7766 ) promoter during in vitro differentiation of @entity1 @entity521 cells SH-SY5Y to mature nonproliferative sympathetic neuron-like cells. These neuroblast-like cells originate from the parental cell line SK-N-SH from which two phenotypically distinct major cell types have been subcloned: the neuroblast-like SH-SY5Y cells and the epithelial-like SH-EP cells. SH-SY5Y cells can be induced to differentiate towards mature noradrenergic ganglion-like cells by the protein kinase C activator @entity865 ( @entity864 ). Interestingly, the effects of @entity865 are mimicked by the protein kinase inhibitor, @entity866 , which induces the expression of @entity865 target genes such as the neuronal differentiation-associated gene @entity7766 in SH-SY5Y cells. Following activation of PKC, the effects of @entity865 are known to act through the transcription factor @entity1178 . To study transcriptional regulation during sympathetic differentiation of @entity1 @entity521 cells by @entity865 as well as by @entity866 , we focussed on protein complexes at an evolutionarily conserved @entity1178 like motif located at @entity377 positions -70 to -65 within the 5'-flanking region of the @entity7766 gene. We show that both @entity1178 and @entity1639 are part of the protein complexes that bind to this sequence in SH-SY5Y cells. Both @entity866 and @entity865 enhanced and modulated the binding of these DNA-protein complexes concomitant with the @entity7766 mRNA expression. On the other hand, the absence of these complexes in the SH-EP subclone was associated with the absence of @entity7766 mRNA expression and a lack of differentiation-associated morphological changes. The data suggest that @entity1639 and @entity1178 heterodimers are part of the protein complexes that bind to the @entity1178 regulatory element of the @entity7766 promoter in the neuroblast-like SH-SY5Y cells. These protein complexes appear to contribute to the cell specific expression of the @entity7766 gene and seem to be required during differentiation of SH-SY5Y @entity1 @entity521 cells further along the sympathetic neuronal lineage induced by either @entity865 or @entity866 .

title: XXXX and @entity1178 form cell specific protein complexes at the neuropeptide @entity669 promoter.

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1639 :: (2353,Gene) :: ['Fos']


abstract: Inhibition of @entity916 , the first rate-limiting enzyme in the @entity916 -angiotensin system, has long been a therapeutic goal for treatment of @entity101 . Aliskiren, the first in a new class of oral direct @entity916 inhibitors, has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in several short-term studies. In this 52-week, open-label, multicenter, parallel-group study, the long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of aliskiren-based therapy were assessed in Japanese @entity1 (N=345) with mild-to-moderate essential @entity101 . The study had two periods: (i) an 8-week, dose-titration period and (ii) a 44-week, fixed-dose period with an optional addition of a diuretic or a @entity460 channel blocker (CCB). Safety was assessed by monitoring all adverse events (AEs), @entity137 ( @entity137 ), vital signs, laboratory parameters, ECGs, and physical examinations. Efficacy was assessed by trough mean sitting BP and responder rate. Aliskiren alone or in combination with a diuretic or a CCB was well tolerated. No @entity204 were reported during this study. Nine @entity137 were reported, and for three of these, a possible relation to the study drug could not be excluded. The overall incidence of AEs was 85.2%, and most of these were mild-to-moderate events such as @entity11266 . The incidence of suspected study drug-related AEs was 25.3%. A clinically meaningful reduction of 17.6/12.8 mm Hg from baseline was achieved in the mean sitting BP at the end point with aliskiren, irrespective of the dose and additional treatments. The overall responder rate was 73.3% at the end point. In conclusion, this first long-term study in Japanese @entity1 showed the safety and efficacy of aliskiren-based therapy in mild-to-moderate essential @entity101 .

title: Long-term safety, tolerability, and antihypertensive efficacy of aliskiren, an oral direct @entity916 inhibitor, in Japanese @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['serious AEs', 'SAEs']

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A prospective, randomized, controlled comparative clinical trial was carried out with the aim of investigating the efficacy and tolerance of two different dosage regimens of @entity115 in the treatment of asymptomatic @entity793 during pregnancy. @entity1 in group A received a single dose of 3 g @entity115 , which was compared to a 4-day course of 3 X 750 mg @entity115 tablets taken every 8 h (group B). Significant @entity793 (CFU greater than or equal to 10(5)/ml clean catch midstream urine and CFU greater than or equal to 10(4)/ml urine obtained by bladder catheterization) was diagnosed using the dip-slide method (Uricult). 91 pregnant @entity1 with a mean gestational age of 25 weeks (14-38) were randomly allocated to the two treatment groups. 53 @entity1 were assigned to group A and 38 @entity1 to group B. The treatment groups were comparable in terms of age and duration of pregnancy. Urine culture tests were performed 1 and 4 weeks after completion of therapy. The predominant species was @entity526 , which was isolated in 60-65% of the cases. Bacteriological cure rates at 1 and 4 weeks, respectively, were 77 and 74% in group A, and 62 and 62% in group B. These differences were statistically not significant. The incidence of side effects was 4% in group A and 13% in group B. The results obtained in the present study suggest that in the treatment of asymptomatic @entity793 in pregnancy, a single dose of 3 g @entity115 is as effective and acceptable as a 4-day course. In addition, the single-dose regimen offers the advantage of a reduction in total dose, lower costs and better @entity1 compliance.

title: XXXX in the treatment of asymptomatic @entity793 in pregnancy: a single dose of 3 g @entity115 versus a 4-day course of 3 doses 750 mg @entity115 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['Amoxicillin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A lot has changed in terms of intervention technique, indications and embolic agents since Duggan introduced embolization to management of @entity1415 in 1970. Embolization is used in treatment of spontaneous and @entity1415 , @entity5 and @entity455 , as well as vascularized @entity5 and juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. The possibility of simultaneous visualization of pathology and implementation of therapy is one of its greatest advantages. MATERIAL/METHODS: Authors analyzed the efficacy of selective embolization treatment of @entity548 in advanced @entity135 . Seventy-six @entity1 with @entity5 treated at the Department of Otolaryngology in Bialystok between1999 and 2011 were examined. RESULTS: @entity12464 was effective ( @entity548 was stopped) in 65 @entity1 (86%). Although the method is highly efficient, it is still associated with complications. Fourteen @entity1 suffered from @entity10 that lasted for several days and six from face @entity4 . Rebleeding was rare. Unfortunately, there was one case of @entity1269 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that superselective endovascular treatment deserves to be considered alongside standard options for the palliative or preoperative management of acute @entity548 from @entity135 .

title: Palliative embolization of @entity548 in extensive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['advanced head and neck cancers', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular defects']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity12464 :: ('MESH:D009360', 'Disease') :: ['Embolization of bleeding vessel within the tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['such tumors', 'palliative tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic epistaxis', 'postraumatic epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraocular cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) @entity281 , including endotheliitis and @entity2479 , have been reported to threaten the host's vision. These @entity281 have been treated with systemic or intravitreal GCV injection. Intracameral GCV injection can be an effective treatment option that avoids systemic side effects. The cytotoxic effect of @entity4540 (GCV) on cultured @entity1 corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) was evaluated. METHODS: HCECs were cultured and exposed to various concentrations (0-20 mg/ml) of GCV ( @entity4540 (  )). Cell viability was assessed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 method and live/dead viability/ @entity137 assays. Cell morphology was assessed using phase-contrast microscopy after 48 h exposure to GCV. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analysed using NC-3000 to evaluate the effect of GCV on HCECs. The cell proliferation rate was evaluated by a @entity1603 proliferation assay. RESULTS: @entity137 tests showed that GCV had a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HCECs. GCV concentrations of >= 5 mg/ml resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability. Higher concentrations of GCV resulted in cell cycle delay, low proliferation rate, and an increased number of apoptotic cells, indicating activation of the pro-apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that intracameral GCV concentrations of >= 5 mg/ml may increase the risk of corneal endothelial damage, although GCV concentrations of  <=0.5 mg/ml do not decrease cell viability.

title: @entity137 of @entity4540 on cultured XXXX corneal endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir', 'Cytovene']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The use of aprotinin in cardiac surgery to improve haemostasis and reduce @entity190 particularly in @entity1 groups at increased risk of @entity548 is well established. Previous retrospective studies in profound hypothermic surgery have highlighted concerns that in this circumstances aprotinin may paradoxically cause increased @entity548 and intravascular @entity715 . We therefore adopted a modified protocol for administering aprotinin, which was not started until cardiopulmonary bypass had been reinstituted after @entity1167 . METHODS: Between April 1993 and June 1995, 45 @entity1 underwent 46 thoracic aortic procedures which required hypothermic @entity1167 ; 25 of these were @entity341 . All of these @entity1 received aprotinin. RESULTS: There were five deaths (10.8%) in hospital. Two @entity1 with preoperative @entity177 required postoperative dialysis, and a further six (13%) developed transient @entity8 with complete recovery. Two @entity1 suffered @entity64 ; one from embolisation of a severely diseased aorta, while the other had signs of an acute evolving @entity64 before surgery. None of the @entity1 suffered acute Q-wave perioperative @entity583 . The mean @entity190 was 575 ml in the first 12 h, with a mean postoperative transfusion requirement of 1 U blood. CONCLUSIONS: We cannot implicate aprotinin in @entity86 , @entity8 or mortality when used with hypothermic @entity1167 according to this protocol. Elucidating the role of aprotinin in hypothermic @entity1167 requires a randomised prospective study.

title: Aprotinin in aortic surgery requiring profound hypothermia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'postoperative stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['oliguric renal failure']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['increased postoperative blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: Pleural @entity1352 are an extremely rare disease entity, and only 21 surgical cases, including this one, have been reported. We present a case of @entity1352 that underwent pneumonectomy for a recurrence of the disease. A 31-year-old female, who in June 2005 had undergone surgical resection of a monophasic @entity1352 in the left @entity1143 combined with the affected left diaphragm, was admitted to our hospital in January 2007 and underwent chemotherapy with @entity1260 , @entity7765 , and @entity1499 for a recurrent @entity1352 in the left @entity1143 . The chest computed tomography revealed @entity5 in the left pleura, and the @entity5 increased rapidly to occupy the left hemithorax. She began to complain of a severe dry cough. No other recurrent sites were found, and she underwent @entity5 resection combined with the entire left lung in March 2007. The @entity5 remained around the descending aorta. Pathological examination revealed dense proliferation of atypical spindle cells, the same findings as in the initial operation, and a diagnosis of @entity1352 was made. External radiation therapy up to 60 Gray was given to the @entity5 remaining around the descending aorta. She is now ambulatory without evidence of recurrent disease at 6 months after the second operation and 27 months after the initial surgery. Any aggressive repeat surgery as in the case here has not been previously reported. The present case suggests that aggressive @entity5 reduction followed by radiotherapy can achieve a good result for controlling @entity66 . Although optimal strategies for @entity1352 have yet to be established, aggressive repeat surgery could be considered in selected cases even when response to chemotherapy is insufficient and complete resection is difficult.

title: Aggressive repeat surgery for a recurrent XXXX in the pleura.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity7765 :: ('MESH:C027260', 'Chemical') :: ['pirarubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'multiple tumors']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcomas', 'synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1352 :: (MESH:D013584,Disease) :: ['synovial sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1138 has been found clinically useful in the treatment of @entity14 when administered via the hepatic artery. In a prospective therapeutic trial, we studied the effect of superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy with @entity1138 in @entity1 with hepatic metastases from @entity14 . METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with hepatic metastases from @entity14 received intra-arterial chemotherapy with @entity1138 (SIAC) between 1981 and 1991. The results of a 5-year follow-up were compared with 46 control @entity1 standardized by sex, age, and @entity5 distribution. RESULTS: The overall response rate to intra-arterial chemotherapy was 20%. The median survival time for responders was 26 months and that for nonresponders 12 months (P < 0.003). The median survival period after intra-arterial chemotherapy was 15 months, compared with 9 months in controls (P < 0.004). The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 6% for @entity1 treated by SIAC and 5% for controls. Cessation of chemotherapy was necessary in 39 of the 46 @entity1 : in 28 because of @entity5 progression, in 9 because of @entity137 , in 1 because of catheterization difficulties, and in 1 because of @entity1 refusal. CONCLUSIONS: Superselective intra-arterial @entity1138 therapy had a poor effect on hepatic metastases from @entity14 because of the low response and long-term survival rates.

title: Superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy with XXXX in hepatic metastases from @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C', 'Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Psychiatric symptoms account for much of the morbidity of @entity1294 and @entity195 . The goals of this study were to extend previous observations of the psychopathology and @entity146 associated with @entity1294 and to compare the profile of symptoms in @entity1 with @entity1294 to that in @entity1 with @entity195 . METHOD: Twenty-eight pairs of @entity1 (one with @entity1294 and one with @entity195 ) were matched with respect to education, age, and severity of @entity303 . Their @entity146 symptoms were assessed with the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale, a 28-item observer-rated instrument, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the symptoms in the two diagnostic groups were compared. RESULTS: Blunted affect, @entity308 mood, emotional @entity1957 , low motivation, @entity148 , unusual thoughts, and somatic concerns occurred in more than one-third of the @entity1 with @entity1294 . There was no significant relation between severity of @entity73 and severity of these noncognitive symptoms. The @entity1 with @entity1294 had @entity73 than the @entity1 with @entity195 , as indicated by the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale total scores and scores on the @entity146 , @entity148 / @entity308 , and verbal output disturbance factors. They also had a higher total score on the Hamilton @entity308 scale and higher scores on 14 of the 17 Hamilton @entity308 items. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1294 have more severe @entity146 , @entity308 , and @entity148 than those with @entity195 when the groups have similar levels of @entity73 . This probably reflects the contrasting brain regions typically involved in the two disorders.

title: A comparison of @entity146 symptoms in @entity1294 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'behavioral problems', 'behavioral retardation']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'more impairment']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal, motor retardation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of vaccination prior to transit and prophylactic administration of @entity21562 at time of arrival at a feedyard on health of @entity291 and colonization of the nasopharynx by @entity8857 (MH). ANIMALS: 121 steers from Tennessee and 84 steers from New Mexico. PROCEDURE: Half of the steers were vaccinated before transport to a feedyard. Steers from Tennessee were vaccinated with MH bacterin-toxoid, and steers from New Mexico were vaccinated intranasally with modified-live leukotoxin-deficient MH. Half of the vaccinates and nonvaccinates were randomly selected to receive @entity21562 on arrival at the feedyard. Steers were observed daily for @entity11127 ( @entity11127 ). RESULTS: Administration of @entity21562 at time of arrival reduced the incidence of @entity11127 , delayed the interval before onset of @entity11127 , and reduced the incidence of MH colonization of the nasopharynx for at least 4 days, but vaccination did not have any effect. Vaccination elicited an increase in serum antibody titers to MH. Administration of @entity21562 at time of arrival reduced the development of serum antibody titers in intranasally vaccinated steers and both groups of nonvaccinated steers, but intranasal vaccination did not affect colonization by wild-type MH. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Administration of @entity21562 at time of arrival decreased the incidence of MH organisms in the nasopharynx and delayed the onset of @entity11127 . Prophylactic use of suitable antibiotics is likely to reduce the incidence of acute @entity11127 in @entity291 for several days after arrival at feedyards, which is the period when they are most susceptible to infectious organisms.

title: Effects of vaccination prior to transit and administration of XXXX at time of arrival in a feedlot on the health of transported @entity291 and detection of @entity8857 in nasal secretions.

entities_list: @entity8857 :: ('75985', 'Species') :: ['Mannheimia haemolytica']

entities_list: @entity21562 :: ('MESH:C035534', 'Chemical') :: ['florfenicol']

entities_list: @entity11127 :: ('MESH:D012140', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract disease', 'RTD']

answer: @entity21562 :: (MESH:C035534,Chemical) :: ['florfenicol']


abstract: In @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 , we analyzed the relationship between @entity177 ( @entity177 ) and well-known predictors of mortality such as @entity417 , @entity32 , and nutrition. We also investigated possible associations between the foregoing parameters and @entity65 , peritoneal transport rate, @entity1780 and antihypertensive treatments, and ultrafiltration volume. Our study enrolled 24 @entity1 (17 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ; mean age: 56 +/- 12 years) who had started @entity298 at our hospital between 1998 and 2004. @entity1 who had been hospitalized or had had @entity298 before the study were excluded. Nutrition status, @entity32 , @entity417 , @entity177 and dialysis adequacy were assessed after 1-2 months. We found that @entity177 was positively correlated with normalized protein equivalent of @entity1568 appearance (nPNA: r = 0. 52, p = 0. 03) and negatively correlated with @entity1851 (CRP: r = -0.47, p < 0.01) and peritoneal ultrafiltration (r = -0.42, p < 0.05). Only the nPNA and CRP correlations remained statistically significant on multivariate logistic regression analysis (CRP: r = 0.8, p = 0.011; nPNA: p = 0.013). Moreover, as compared with @entity1 without @entity32 , @entity1 with @entity32 had significantly lower hemoglobin (Hgb) levels (11.8 +/- 1.1 g/dL vs. 13.2 +/- 1.2 g/dL, p < 0.02), serum prealbumin levels (27.3 +/- 8 mg/dL vs. 36.6 +/- 9 mg/dL, p < 0.05), and serum @entity69 levels (168 +/- 34 mg/dL vs. 202 +/- 31 mg/dL, p < 0.05), and a higher erythropoietin resistance index (ERI: 10 +/- 4 vs. 6 +/- 3.5, p < 0. 02). We observed no differences in @entity177 or nutrition status between the @entity1 with high and with low peritoneal transport. Regarding comorbidity, @entity1 with pre-existing @entity65 had higher CRP levels (0.8 +/- 0.4 mg/dL vs. 0.4 +/- 0.4 mg/dL, p < 0.05) and lower mean Hgb levels (13.3 +/- 1 g/dL vs. 14.4 +/- 1 g/dL, p < 0.05) than did @entity1 without such pre-existing disease. A strong, predictable association exists between @entity177 and @entity32 and nutrition status in incident @entity1 on @entity298 . Serum CRP is a good indicator of @entity32 , which correlates well with nutrition status, @entity417 , and responsiveness to erythropoietin therapy.

title: Relationship between @entity177 , @entity32 , and @entity417 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['RRF', 'residual renal function']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5761 ( @entity5761 ) is an @entity74 that arises in childhood and is typically characterized by multiple @entity410 types, slow spike-and-wave complexes on EEG and @entity73 . If medical treatment fails, @entity1 can proceed to one of two palliative surgeries, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) or corpus callosotomy (CC). Their relative @entity410 control rates in @entity5761 have not been well studied. The purpose of this paper is to compare @entity410 reduction rates between VNS and CC in @entity5761 using meta-analyses of published data. METHODS: A systematic search of Pubmed, Ovidsp, and Cochrane was performed to find articles that met the following criteria: (1) prospective or retrospective study, (2) at least one @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5761 , and (3) well-defined measure of @entity410 frequency reduction. @entity410 reduction rates were divided into @entity410 subtypes, as well as total @entity410 , and categorized as 100%, >75%, and >50%. @entity1 groups were compared using chi-square tests for categorical variables and t-test for continuous measures. Pooled proportions with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of @entity410 outcomes were estimated for total @entity410 and @entity410 subtypes using random effects methods. RESULTS: 17 VNS and 9 CC studies met the criteria for inclusion. CC had a significantly better outcome than VNS for >50% atonic @entity410 reduction (80.0% [67.0-90.0%] vs. 54.1% [32.1-75.4%], p<0.05) and for >75% atonic @entity410 reduction (70.0% [48.05-87.0%] vs. 26.3% [5.8-54.7%], p<0.05). All other @entity410 types, as well as total number of @entity410 , showed no statistically significant difference between VNS and CC. CONCLUSIONS: CC may be more beneficial for @entity5761 @entity1 whose predominant disabling @entity410 type is atonic. For all other @entity410 types, VNS offers comparable rates to CC.

title: Vagus nerve stimulation vs. corpus callosotomy in the treatment of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5761 :: ('MESH:D065768', 'Disease') :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome', 'LGS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic disorder']

answer: @entity5761 :: (MESH:D065768,Disease) :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) for @entity282 after knee and hip replacement at the Hamilton Health Sciences Henderson Hospital consists of epidural analgesia or @entity1 -controlled analgesia for the first 48 hours, followed by oral or parenteral analgesics, or both, on an as-needed basis. We compared the efficacy and safety of scheduled controlled-release (CR) @entity1288 (OxyContin; Purdue Pharma, Pickering, Ont.) and @entity34 for @entity282 48 hours after primary knee and hip replacement. METHODS: In 2 separate 3-week studies of similar design, @entity158 intensity, @entity158 relief, length of hospital stay, analgesic use and side effects of CR @entity1288 (n = 70) and @entity34 (n = 101) were evaluated. In the CR @entity1288 trial, a dose de-escalation protocol was used. RESULTS: At the time of discharge from hospital, @entity1 in the CR @entity1288 group recorded lower mean (and standard deviation) @entity158 intensity scores than the @entity34 group (20.2 [17.9] v. 27.7 [21.5] mm on a 100-mm visual analogue scale; p = 0.021). Length of hospital stay was 5.5 and 6.4 days for the CR @entity1288 and @entity34 groups respectively (p < 0.001). CR @entity1288 @entity1 used less opioid ( @entity1286 equivalent) while in hospital than @entity34 @entity1 (p < 0.001), and the average number of daily administrations of analgesics in hospital was 2.1 and 3.5 for CR @entity1288 and @entity34 @entity1 respectively (p < 0.001). @entity34 @entity1 reported more @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity111 and @entity221 than the CR @entity1288 @entity1 , but less @entity2147 , @entity1142 , dizziness, @entity911 and @entity591 . CONCLUSIONS: CR @entity1288 every 12 hours is as effective as @entity34 in treating @entity282 but length of hospital stay was shorter and analgesic administration in the hospital was used less frequently, providing potential hospital cost savings and reduced use of health care resources.

title: Efficacy and safety of controlled-release XXXX and standard therapies for @entity282 after knee or hip replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone hydrochloride', 'oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['ST', 'Standard therapy']

answer: @entity1288 :: (MESH:D010098,Chemical) :: ['oxycodone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether the cyst(e)ine/ @entity2227 exchanger (XC-) and the excitatory @entity535 transporters ( @entity44207 to -5) are expressed in the @entity35 lens. METHODS: A combination of molecular-based and immunocytochemical strategies was used to screen for the presence of the light-chain subunit of XC- (xCT) and the five known EAAT isoforms in the @entity35 lens. An initial molecular profiling of xCT and @entity44207 to -5 expression was achieved by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The presence of transporter proteins was verified by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Transcripts for xCT and @entity44207 to -5 were detected by RT-PCR in lens fiber cells. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of xCT and all five EAAT isoforms at the protein level. Immunocytochemistry revealed xCT expression to be present throughout the lens. Notably, changes in the subcellular distribution of xCT were shown to occur as a function of fiber cell differentiation. In the outer cortex, xCT labeling was predominantly cytoplasmic but progressively became more membranous with distance into the lens, due to xCT insertion into the broad sides of fiber cells. In the core, xCT labeling was localized around the entire membrane of inner fiber cells suggesting a redistribution of the exchanger. In contrast, EAAT expression was restricted to the outer cortex of the lens, with @entity52672 /5 shown to be the predominant isoforms in cortical fiber cells. Western blot analysis of crude fiber membranes dissected from the outer cortex, inner cortex, and core region of the lens confirmed the presence of xCT in all three of these regions and demonstrated that EAATs were absent from the core region. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular identification and localization of xCT and @entity44207 to -5 in the lens raises the possibility that in the outer cortex XC- and @entity52672 /5 may work together to accumulate @entity462 for @entity2197 synthesis. The presence of xCT and the absence of the EAATs in the center of the lens suggest that XC- could operate with an alternative @entity2227 uptake pathway to accumulate @entity462 where it can potentially act as a low-molecular-mass antioxidant.

title: Molecular characterization of the cystine/ XXXX exchanger and the excitatory @entity535 transporters in the @entity35 lens.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Stage I-II @entity1377 ( @entity1377 ) @entity1 have a significant risk for extrapelvic recurrence. However, clinicopathologic risk factors for recurrence are not well understood. This study was undertaken to define the prognostic factors for recurrence and survival in @entity1 with early-stage @entity1377 . METHODS: A retrospective, multi-institution analysis of surgically staged I-II @entity1377 @entity1 was performed. @entity1 were treated by various adjuvant modalities. Age, race, sub-stage, percentage @entity1377 histology, lymphvascular space invasion (LVSI), @entity5 size and adjuvant treatment modality were evaluated for their effect on recurrence and survival outcomes. RESULTS: We identified 206 @entity1 . Forty @entity1 (19.4%) had 5-49% @entity1377 , 55 (26.7%) had 50-99% and 111 @entity1 (53.9%) had 100% @entity1377 in their respective uterine specimens. Twenty one percent of @entity1 experienced a primary recurrence. On univariate analysis, age, increasing % @entity1377 , LVSI, and @entity5 size were not significantly associated with recurrence or progression-free survival (PFS). However, substage (p=0.005) and treatment with @entity902 / @entity3907 -based chemotherapy (p=0.001) were associated with recurrence/PFS. On multivariate analysis, only chemotherapy (p=0.01) was a significant factor affecting PFS, whereas age (p=0.05), substage (p=0.05), and chemotherapy (p=0.02) were associated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional risk factors for recurrence and survival in @entity1 with early-stage @entity1204 may not be relevant in @entity1 with @entity1377 . @entity1 with any percentage @entity1377 in their uterine specimens are at a significant risk for recurrence and poor survival outcomes. Given that current clinicopathologic data does not accurately identify @entity1 most likely to benefit from adjuvant therapy, alternative prognostic markers based on novel techniques should be explored.

title: An updated clinicopathologic study of early-stage @entity1377 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['UPSC', 'uterine papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['UPSC']


abstract: Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is used to control cell proliferation. It is not surprising then that a lack of GJIC (i.e., during loss of contact inhibition among adjacent cells) is associated with @entity5 promotion/progression. There also seems to be a link between ineffective GJIC and increases in inflammatory events. Interestingly, many cytokines released during an inflammatory response also have critical roles in @entity5 cell survival. Specifically, TNFalpha and IL-1beta are important for initiating/augmenting CD8(+)- and NK-cell mediated killing; however, in what appears counterintuitive, each--at times--can act to protect @entity5 cells against apoptosis, a major mechanism for cell killing from within. It is thus plausible to assume that certain toxicants might act as @entity5 promoters in manners distinct from/augmentive of direct effects on DNA, i.e., by concurrently altering GJIC and cytokine formation in host or microenvironment of a @entity5 cell. Our research has evaluated effects of many toxicants upon keratinocytes; in particular, we have examined effects of @entity349 on GJIC and on TNFalpha and IL-1beta levels in (and secretion by) these cells. In the studies here, a @entity523 preparation (i.e., an oleoresin) bearing the antioxidant carotenoid @entity14319 was examined for its effects on GJIC and cytokine formation by keratinocytes in general, and its potential ability to mitigate/reverse the toxic effects of @entity349 in the cells in particular. It was shown that a 4-hr treatment with the oleoresin (containing 56, 6 nM @entity14319 ) re-established GJIC among--and increased the formation of IL-1beta and TNFalpha that had been significantly reduced within--keratinocytes that had been pre-treated for 24 hr with 10 nM @entity3143 . These results show that effects of @entity349 likely depend on some level of oxidative stress and that its potential effects on keratinocyte GJIC and cytokine concentrations could, in an exposed host, be mitigated/reversed by increased dietary intake of carotenoids like @entity14319 .

title: XXXX modulates interplay between IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and gap junctional intercellular communication in keratinocytes: mitigation by @entity14319 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['Mercury']


abstract: Alternative therapies have been sought to alleviate mutilation and morbidity associated with surgery for @entity31756 . Our prime objective was to assess @entity5 absence in pathological vulvar and nodal specimens following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity31756 . Data were retrospectively collected from January 2001 to May 2009 from 22 @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced @entity957 . Neoadjuvant treatment consisted of inguino-pelvic radiotherapy (50 Gy) in association with chemotherapy when possible. Surgery occurred at intervals of between 5 to 8 weeks. The median age of @entity1 at diagnosis was 74.1 years. All @entity1 were primarily treated with radiotherapy and 15 received a concomitant chemotherapy. Additionally, all @entity1 underwent radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguino-femoral lymphadenectomy. @entity5 absence in the vulvar and nodal pathological specimens was achieved for 6 (27%) @entity1 , while absence in the vulvar pathological specimens was only achieved for 10 (45.4%) @entity1 . Postoperative follow-up revealed @entity130 and chronic @entity4269 in 3 (14.3%), 7 (31.8%) and 14 cases (63.6%), respectively. Within a median follow-up time of 2.3 years [interquartile range (IQR), 0.6-4.6], 12 (54.6%) @entity1 experienced complete remission and 6 cases succumbed to metastatic evolution within a median of 2.2 years (IQR, 0.6-4.6), with 1 case also experiencing perineal recurrence. Median survival time, estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, was 5.1 years (IQR, 1.0-6.8). We suggest that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy may represent a reliable and promising strategy in locally advanced @entity957 .

title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity31756 :: ('MESH:D014846', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['breakdown of groin wounds, vulvar wounds']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva']


abstract: @entity5924 ( @entity5924 ), a form of chronic lung rejection, affects 50% of all lung-transplant recipients and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We used the @entity19 tracheal allograft model of @entity5924 to quantitate inflammatory cells during disease progression to evaluate the pathogenesis of this disorder. Tracheas of BALB/c @entity19 were implanted into C57BL/6, @entity466 ( @entity466 ), and BALB/c @entity19 . @entity205 was administered at 25 mg/kg/d. Grafts were harvested at 2, 6, 10, and 15 wk, and analyzed immunohistochemically. Tracheal allografts developed @entity130 and cellular infiltrates at 2 wk, epithelial denudation and complete luminal obliteration at 6 wk, and dense collagenous scarring by 15 wk. @entity466 allografts and isografts demonstrated intact epithelium throughout, although a mononuclear infiltrate was initially present at 2 wk in the @entity466 allografts. Immunohistochemical staining, using antibodies to @entity19 @entity1961 (+) (T-helper lymphocyte), CD8(+) (T-cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocyte), and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and myofibroblasts, revealed large numbers of macrophages and @entity1961 (+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes in allografts at 2 wk, compared with isografts. The allograft @entity1961 (+)/CD8(+) ratio was 0.75 at 2 wk. Allografts demonstrated macrophage, myofibroblast, and @entity1961 (+) predominance at 6 and 10 wk ( @entity1961 (+)/CD8(+) = 2/1), but by 15 wk had minimal cellularity and were densely scarred. @entity466 allografts demonstrated a macrophage-predominant infiltrate at 2 wk, with minimal cellularity at later time points. These results indicate that: (1) @entity5924 is predominantly an immunologic airway injury; and (2) @entity1961 (+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes and macrophages play an important role in the evolution of airway @entity32 and @entity82 . Additionally, this model suggests that chronic airway @entity82 follows a period of intense airway-directed, cell-mediated rejection.

title: Immune cells in a @entity19 airway model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['OB', 'Obliterative bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial injury']

answer: @entity5924 :: (MESH:D001988,Disease) :: ['obliterative bronchiolitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the features of gene rearrangement of @entity7639 ( @entity7639 ) and immunophenotypes of pulmonary @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ). METHODS: The clinical and pathological data of 12 cases with @entity1074 and follow-up information were retrospectively reviewed, and the paraffin-embedded samples were examined with immunohistochemistry staining (12 cases) and semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for @entity7639 and T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma) gene rearrangement (7 cases). RESULTS: The @entity1 included 9 cases confirmed by open or video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy and 3 cases by needle lung biopsy. Histopathologically, the @entity5 were composed of a spectrum of cell types that included mainly centrocyte-like cells and small lymphocytes. @entity75 were identified in 12 cases, reactive colliculus lymphaticus in 11 cases, follicular colonization in 10 cases, vascular infiltration in 9 cases, and pleura involvement in 4 cases. All cases showed immunoreactivity for B-cell correlative markers. Positivity for FR2 and FR3A primers in @entity1074 were found in 6 case and 5 case respectively. The detection of TCRgamma1 and TCRgamma2 was negative in 7 cases. The combined positive rate was 100%. Chemotherapy alone was administered in 3 @entity1 , surgery alone was performed in 8 @entity1 , and chemotherapy after operation was carried out in 6 @entity1 . Follow-up data were available in 11 @entity1 . Eight of them were alive and stable, one experienced relapse and two died of the disease within 11 years and 12 years after diagnosis respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the cases of @entity1074 can be diagnosed with morphology and immunohistochemistry staining if the lesions are typical. PCR detection of @entity7639 gene rearrangement would be helpful in differential diagnosis from benign lymphoplasia of the lung.

title: [The value of detection of gene rearrangement of XXXX and immunohistochemistry in pulmonary @entity1074 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary MALTLoma', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type lymphoma', 'MALTLoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity7639 :: ('3495', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin heavy chain', 'IgH']

answer: @entity7639 :: (3495,Gene) :: ['immunoglobulin heavy chain']


abstract: To determine the efficacy of the consumption of cranberry juice versus placebo with regard to the presence of in vitro bacterial anti-adherence activity in the urine of healthy volunteers. Twenty healthy volunteers, 10 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 , were included. The study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, and cross-over study. In addition to normal diet, each volunteer received at dinner a single dose of 750 ml of a total drink composed of: (1) 250 ml of the placebo and 500 ml of mineral water, or (2) 750 ml of the placebo, or (3) 250 ml of the cranberry juice and 500 ml of mineral water, or (4) 750 ml of the cranberry juice. Each volunteer took the four regimens successively in a randomly order, with a washout period of at least 6 days between every change in regimen. The first urine of the morning following cranberry or placebo consumption was collected and used to support bacterial growth. Six uropathogenic @entity526 strains (all expressing type 1 pili; three positive for the gene marker for P-fimbriae papC and three negative for papC), previously isolated from @entity1 with symptomatic @entity293 , were grown in urine samples and tested for their ability to adhere to the @entity1 bladder cell line in vitro. There were no significant differences in the pH or specific gravity between the urine samples collected after cranberry or placebo consumption. We observed a dose dependent significant decrease in bacterial adherence associated with cranberry consumption. Adherence inhibition was observed independently from the presence of genes encoding type P pili and antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Cranberry juice consumption provides significant anti-adherence activity against different @entity526 uropathogenic strains in the urine compared with placebo.

title: Reduction of XXXX adherence to uroepithelial bladder cells after consumption of cranberry juice: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trial.

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perihilar @entity201 (PHCC) is a rare @entity5 with a poor prognosis. Outcomes may be optimized by centralization. Recent trends suggest further improvement by localization to transplant centers. This study examines outcomes from the management of PHCC in @entity8462 . METHODS: Data were collected prospectively from @entity1 undergoing treatment for PHCC from October 1999 to May 2011. Twenty-four @entity1 underwent surgery. A further 54 @entity1 had inoperable PHCC. Outcome data are reported. RESULTS: Twenty-two of 24 @entity1 required liver resection with histological R0 status in 12 (50%). In-hospital mortality occurred in two (8%). The mean survival of @entity1 undergoing resection was 39 (95% CI: 16-61) months. The mean survival of nonresected @entity1 was 5 (95% CI: 3-7) months (P<0.0001; log-rank; Mantel-Cox test). CONCLUSION: Currently acceptable standards of holistic care for @entity1 with PHCC can be provided in a nontransplant regional @entity8462 . Further centralization may improve resection volumes and allow more @entity1 to benefit from extended liver resection techniques.

title: Contemporary management of perihilar XXXX in @entity8462 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8462 :: ('MESH:D008224', 'Disease') :: ['a nontransplant hepatopancreatobiliary center', 'hepatopancreatobiliary center']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: In this study, we quantified electron transfer rates, depth profiles of electron donor, and biofilm structure of @entity22137 biofilms using an electrochemical-nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging biofilm reactor. Our goal was to determine whether electron donor limitations existed in electron transfer processes of electrode-respiring @entity22137 biofilms. Cells near the top of the biofilms consumed @entity598 and were metabolically active; however, @entity598 concentration decreased to below detection within the top 100 microns of the biofilms. Additionally, porosity in the biofilms fell below 10% near the electrode surface, exacerbating exclusion of @entity598 from the lower regions. The dense biofilm matrix in the @entity598 -depleted zone acted as an electrical conduit passing electrons generated at the top of the biofilm to the electrode. To verify the distribution of cell metabolic activity, we used @entity595 as a redox-active probe for localizing electron transfer activity and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine the @entity595 oxidation state. Cells near the top reduced U(VI) more actively than the cells near the base. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images showed intact, healthy cells near the top and plasmolyzed cells near the base. Contrary to models proposed in the literature, which hypothesize that cells nearest the electrode surface are the most metabolically active because of a lower electron transfer resistance, our results suggest that electrical resistance through the biofilm does not restrict long-range electron transfer. Cells far from the electrode can respire across metabolically inactive cells, taking advantage of their extracellular infrastructure produced during the initial biofilm formation.

title: METABOLIC SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN ELECTRODE-RESPIRING XXXX BIOFILMS.

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['uranium']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity22137 :: ('35554', 'Species') :: ['Geobacter sulfurreducens', 'G. sulfurreducens']

answer: @entity22137 :: (35554,Species) :: ['GEOBACTER SULFURREDUCENS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fever in @entity3124 @entity1 is often treated with antipyretics or physical cooling methods. Although @entity221 is a host defense response that may benefit some @entity3124 @entity1 , others may not tolerate the cardiovascular demands associated with @entity221 . OBJECTIVES: To compare antipyretics and physical cooling for their effects on core body temperature and cardiovascular responses in @entity3124 @entity1 . METHODS: The antipyretic administered was 650 mg of @entity1443 . Physical cooling was accomplished by anterior placement of a cooling blanket at 18 degrees C. Core temperature and cardiovascular responses were measured in 14 febrile (body temperature, 38.8 degrees C) @entity3124 @entity1 at baseline before treatment and up to 3 hours after treatment. @entity1 able to receive @entity1443 were randomly assigned to receive either @entity1443 only (n = 5) or @entity1443 in combination with a cooling blanket (n = 3). @entity1 not able to receive @entity1443 were treated with physical cooling only (n = 6). RESULTS: Mean body temperature decreased minimally from baseline to 3 hours after treatment in the physical-cooling-only group (from 39.1 degrees C to 39.0 degrees C) and in the physical cooling and @entity1443 group (from 39.1 degrees C to 38.6 degrees C), but the mean body temperature increased in the @entity1443 -only group (from 39.2 degrees C to 39.4 degrees C). Other notable findings included a slight increase in systemic vascular resistance index in the physical-cooling-only group and in the physical-cooling-plus- @entity1443 group. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study included only 14 subjects, the findings will provide information for future studies in febrile @entity3124 @entity1 .

title: Comparison of @entity221 treatments in the XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Examining @entity1 -perceived change in walking provides insight into whether changes were meaningful for @entity1 . This study examined the relationships between change scores in standardized walking outcomes and ratings of perceived change following exercise poststroke. METHODS: Self- and fast-paced gait speed and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance were assessed in 22 @entity1 (age 67    10.3 years, 1.8    0.9 years poststroke) before and after a 3-month exercise program. Perceived changes were evaluated using a 15-point Likert scale. Correlation analyses between measured and perceived changes were performed. Subgroups of low and high baseline scores were compared for differences in measured and perceived changes. RESULTS: Six-Minute Walk Test change was correlated with perceived change (   = 0.52, P = 0.01), greater 6MWT change was demonstrated among @entity1 who perceived improvement compared to those who did not (difference 34.4 m, 95% CI: 17.2-51.6, P = 0.04). After controlling for measured change, @entity1 with low baseline 6MWT distances perceived less change than those who walked high distances at baseline (P = 0.006) even when relative change was equivalent. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: A global rating scale using meaningful and context-specific questions was used to determine the relationship between measured and @entity1 -perceived changes in 6MWT distance. A meaningful difference in 6MWT change was observed between @entity1 who did and those who did not perceive improvement. Individuals with lower baseline scores may require larger changes in walking distance to perceive that a change has occurred. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence about the relationships between perceived and measured changes in function and is a step in determining thresholds for perceived change in walking after @entity64 .

title: Relationship between perceived and measured changes in walking after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Some secondary forms of @entity101 are characterized by an abnormal circadian blood-pressure rhythm. Therefore, the circadian blood-pressure variability was investigated in a prospective study using ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring in @entity1 with @entity1378 and in @entity1 with @entity459 . Both @entity4903 are often associated with @entity101 . Out of 17 @entity1 with @entity1378 73% were @entity101 , and out of 15 @entity1 with @entity2742 80% were @entity101 . The blood-pressure profiles were compared to profiles from controls comprising normotensive subjects and @entity1 with essential @entity101 . The @entity1 with @entity1378 and @entity101 had a blunted circadian blood-pressure curve with only a @entity551 as compared to control @entity1 . In @entity1 with @entity1378 and normal blood pressure, the circadian blood-pressure rhythm was normal; however, in these @entity1 the circadian heart-rate curve was blunted. All @entity1 with @entity2742 (with and without @entity101 ) had a normal circadian blood pressure and heart-rate rhythm. From these observations we conclude that in @entity1378 the circadian regulation of blood pressure or heart rate is significantly blunted. The circadian blood pressure and heart-rate curve is normal in @entity459 .

title: [Circadian blood pressure rhythm in XXXX and @entity459 ].

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['small nocturnal reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine disorders']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: Experiments were performed on vagotomized male @entity95 weighing 1.8-2.2 kg. @entity4774 and @entity4486 were administered intravenously, and were paralyzed by @entity9563 . After a cannula was inserted into femoral artery to measure blood pressure, the epicardial electrogram (EECG) was recorded. Then we inserted a bipolar electrode into caudal dorsolateral subdivision of periaqueductal grey (CDL), or dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH). In some animals, a microinjecting tube was inserted into CDL for microinjection of @entity3000 antibodies. In 12 animals, stimulation of CDL could elicit pressor response and elevation of EECG-ST segment. When stimulating deep peroneal nerve, these two responses were inhibited. In 14 animals, with brainstem transected in P5 level, the stimulation of @entity2125 could not inhibit the presser response induced by CDL, but still inhibited the EECG-ST segment changes. After @entity3000 antibodies were injected into CDL, @entity2125 could not inhibited EECG-ST changes. In 4 animals, instead of @entity3000 antibodies, rabbit serum had no effects. The unit discharges of 96 neurons in CDL were recorded by glass microelectrodes, among them, 15 neurons could be excited by DMH stimulation. We called these neurons the defence reaction related neurons. Stimulation of @entity2125 or median nerve could inhibit the spontaneous discharge and @entity18399 evoked discharge of these defence reaction related neurons. CONCLUSIONS: 1. @entity2125 stimulation can inhibit the pressor response and @entity299 induced by defence reaction centre in CDL of PAG. The inhibitory effect on @entity299 is still eminently remained after the brainstem is cut in P5 level to eliminate the influence of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The role of midbrain periaqueductal grey in the inhibition of central @entity299 by somatic nerve and its mechanism in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity9563 :: ('MESH:D005703', 'Chemical') :: ['flaxedil']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['Urethane']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3000 :: ('MESH:D004745', 'Chemical') :: ['enkephalin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Trait sensation-seeking, defined as a need for varied, complex, and intense sensations, represents a relatively underexplored hedonic drive in @entity1 behavioral neuroscience research. It is related to increased risk for a range of behaviors including substance use, gambling, and risky sexual practice. Individual differences in self-reported sensation-seeking have been linked to brain @entity935 function, particularly at D2-like receptors, but so far no causal evidence exists for a role of @entity935 in sensation-seeking behavior in @entity1 . Here, we investigated the effects of the selective D2/D3 agonist @entity9229 on performance of a probabilistic risky choice task in healthy @entity1 using a sensitive within-subject, placebo-controlled design. @entity9229 significantly influenced the way @entity1 combined different explicit signals regarding probability and loss when choosing between response options associated with uncertain outcomes. Importantly, these effects were strongly dependent on baseline sensation-seeking score. Overall, @entity9229 increased sensitivity of choice to information about probability of winning; while decreasing discrimination according to magnitude of potential losses associated with different options. The largest effects of the drug were observed in @entity1 with lower sensation-seeking scores. These findings provide evidence that risk-taking behavior in @entity1 can be directly manipulated by a dopaminergic drug, but that the effectiveness of such a manipulation depends on baseline differences in sensation-seeking trait. This emphasizes the importance of considering individual differences when investigating manipulation of risky decision-making, and may have relevance for the development of pharmacotherapies for disorders involving excessive risk-taking in @entity1 , such as @entity11532 .

title: XXXX modulates risk-taking as a function of baseline sensation-seeking trait.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['Cabergoline', 'cabergoline']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: Brucella spp. cause undulant @entity221 in @entity1 and @entity3377 in variety of other animals. Both innate and adaptive immunity have been shown to be important in controlling @entity281 . Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play critical roles in the host innate immune response, as well as development of adaptive immunity. In the current report, we investigated the role of TLR signaling in the clearance of Brucella and development of adaptive immunity in @entity8932 (-/-), @entity1990 (-/-), or @entity5001 (-/-) @entity19 following aerosol exposure to @entity42306 . Consistent with previous reports, @entity5001 is required for efficient clearance of Brucella from all three organs (lung, spleen, and liver). The results reveal Th2-skewed immune responses in @entity8932 (-/-) @entity19 late in @entity281 and support a @entity8932 requirement for efficient clearance of Brucella from the lungs, but not from the spleen or liver. Similarly, @entity1990 is required for efficient clearance of Brucella from the lung, but exhibits a minor contribution to clearance from the spleen and no demonstrable contribution to clearance from the liver. Lymphocyte proliferation assays suggest that the TLRs are not involved in the development of cell-mediated memory response to Brucella antigen. Antibody detection reveals that @entity26789 are required to generate early antigen-specific IgG, but not during the late stages of @entity281 . @entity26789 are only transiently required for IgM production and not at all for IgA production. In contrast, @entity5001 is essential for antigen specific IgG production late in @entity281 , but is not required for IgM generation over the course of @entity281 . Surprisingly, despite the prominent role for @entity5001 in clearance from all tissues, @entity5001 -knockout @entity19 express significantly higher levels of serum IgA. These results confirm the important role of @entity5001 in controlling @entity281 in the spleen while providing evidence of a prominent contribution to protection in other tissues. In addition, although @entity1990 and @entity8932 contribute little to control of @entity281 , a significant contribution to clearance of @entity358 is described.

title: Toll-like receptors are critical for clearance of Brucella and play different roles in development of adaptive immunity following aerosol challenge in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'spleen infection', 'Brucella infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In registration trials, @entity22398 , an @entity565 medication, caused asymptomatic elevated aminotransferase levels in up to 5% of @entity1 . Until now, however, no cases of severe @entity99 attributed to @entity22398 have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical characteristics of three @entity1 with severe @entity99 due to @entity22398 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: One community hospital and two university hospitals. @entity1 : Three middle-aged @entity1 taking @entity22398 , 20 mg twice per day. INTERVENTION: Discontinuation of @entity22398 therapy in three @entity1 , @entity134 therapy in two @entity1 , and orthotopic liver transplantation in one patient. MEASUREMENTS: Serum aminotransferase and @entity648 levels, standard blood tests for causes of @entity99 other than @entity137 , and liver biopsy in two @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1 1 recovered spontaneously, had a severe relapse after inadvertent rechallenge with the medication, and ultimately made a complete recovery. @entity1 2 developed @entity1578 and required liver transplantation. @entity1 3 developed severe @entity99 that improved after treatment with @entity288 . Liver tissue was available from two @entity1 and showed histologic changes commonly associated with drug reactions. CONCLUSION: @entity1 receiving @entity22398 may develop severe @entity99 and should be observed for signs and symptoms of @entity99 .

title: Severe @entity99 after treatment with the leukotriene receptor antagonist XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity22398 :: ('MESH:C062735', 'Chemical') :: ['zafirlukast']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['subfulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity22398 :: (MESH:C062735,Chemical) :: ['zafirlukast']


abstract: A 7-year-old male with recurrent erythematous and desquamated @entity272 and @entity1729 was diagnosed as selective complete @entity6300 deficiency following detailed studies of the complement system. His asymptomatic sister also had selective complete @entity6300 deficiency. During a follow up period of 3 years, his @entity272 persisted, he suffered from recurrent bronchopneumonias and @entity631 developed. Renal function deteriorated with the appearance of anti-DNA antibodies. Renal biopsy was consistent with @entity1252 . The @entity1 was treated with immunosuppressive drugs, but died of @entity177 . It is postulated that in this @entity1 defective clearance of antigen-antibody complexes by the reticulo-endothelial system resulted in @entity8 as observed in other @entity465 . A retrospective molecular study disclosed a point mutation in the ClqA chain gene in a heterozygous state in parents and two siblings; in a homozygous state in the asymptomatic sister. The reason why some individuals with this defect are asymptomatic is not known at present. Diagnosis of heterozygotes by molecular studies is extremely important to give genetic counselling to the family. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with recurrent @entity281 , erythematous desquamative @entity272 , @entity1910 and oral mucosal involvement should be screened for complement @entity6300 deficiency.

title: Development of @entity1252 in a @entity1 with selective complete XXXX deficiency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['progressive renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['malar rash']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complement deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity6300 :: (712,Gene) :: ['C1q']


abstract: Although approved for the treatment of @entity788 , the chemotherapeutic agent @entity1260 is not an effective therapy for this type of @entity5 . @entity1260 must be activated by @entity12325 (P450) enzymes in the liver, initially to a short lived intermediate and then to toxic metabolites that are subsequently distributed by the circulatory system. Particularly for @entity788 , this liver-mediated conversion results in relatively high systemic @entity137 and poor therapeutic concentrations at the liver-distant site of the @entity5 . Activation of @entity1260 at the site of the @entity5 may allow lower doses to be used, while increasing the therapeutic index due to the resultant active concentrations generated locally. A cell-based therapy has been conceived where encapsulated, 293-derived cells genetically modified to overexpress a @entity12325 enzyme, are implanted near solid @entity5 . The cells are encapsulated in polymers of cellulose @entity597 in order to provide a means of immunoprotection in vivo as well as to physically constrain them to the vicinity of the @entity5 . A major advantage of this strategy is that it allows one standard cell line to be applied to all @entity1 and this approach can be extended to the treatment of other @entity5 types. After proof of principle studies in animal models, a phase I/II clinical trial was initiated in @entity1 with stage III/IV nonresectable @entity788 . Encapsulated cells were angiographically placed into the @entity5 vasculature of 14 @entity1 and followed by systemic low dose @entity1260 treatment. Angiographic delivery of encapsulated cells proved feasible in all but one @entity1 , and was well tolerated with no capsule or @entity1260 treatment-related adverse events. Four of the treated @entity1 showed @entity5 regressions after capsule delivery and @entity1260 treatment in computer-tomography scans. The other 10 @entity1 showed no further @entity5 growth (i.e. stable disease) during 20 weeks observation period. The median life expectancy of the @entity1 collective was extended two fold as compared to age and status matched historical controls, with a 3-fold improvement in one year survival being attained. Evidence for a clinical benefit of the treatment was also obtained on the basis of standard parameters for quality of life. This approach has been evaluated by the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) and orphan drug status has been granted. A pivotal clinical trial is now being planned with the help of the EMEA. Taken together, the data from this clinical trial suggest that encapsulated @entity12325 -expressing cells combined with chemotherapy may be useful for the local treatment of a number of solid @entity5 and support the performance of further clinical studies of this new treatment.

title: Use of cell therapy as a means of targeting chemotherapy to inoperable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: The mechanism of G protein beta gamma subunit (G beta gamma)-induced activation of the muscarinic K+ channel (KACh) in the @entity840 atrial cell membrane was examined using the inside-out patch clamp technique. G beta gamma and @entity3007 -gamma S-bound alpha subunits (G alpha *'s) of pertussis toxin (PT)-sensitive G proteins were purified from @entity291 brain. Either in the presence or absence of @entity1025 , G beta gamma activated the KACh channel in a concentration-dependent fashion. 10 nM G beta gamma almost fully activated the channel in 132 of 134 patches (98.5%). The G beta gamma-induced maximal channel activity was equivalent to or sometimes larger than the @entity3007 -gamma S-induced one. Half-maximal activation occurred at approximately 6 nM G beta gamma. Detergent (CHAPS) and boiled G beta gamma preparation could not activate the KACh channel. G beta gamma suspended by Lubrol PX instead of CHAPS also activated the channel. Even when G beta gamma was pretreated in @entity1025 -free @entity1098 internal solution containing @entity3006 analogues (24-48 h) to inactivate possibly contaminating G i alpha *'s, the G beta gamma activated the channel. Furthermore, G beta gamma preincubated with excessive @entity3006 -bound G o alpha did not activate the channel. These results indicate that G beta gamma itself, but neither the detergent CHAPS nor contaminating G i alpha *, activates the KACh channel. Three different kinds of G i alpha * at 10 pM-10 nM could weakly activate the KACh channel. However, they were effective only in 40 of 124 patches (32.2%) and their maximal channel activation was approximately 20% of that induced by @entity3007 -gamma S or G beta gamma. Thus, G i alpha * activation of the KACh channel may not be significant. On the other hand, G i alpha *'s effectively activated the @entity855 -sensitive K+ channel (KATP) in the ventricular cell membrane when the KATP channel was maintained phosphorylated by the internal solution containing 100 microM Mg. @entity855 . G beta gamma inhibited @entity859 or mACh receptor-mediated, intracellular @entity3007 -induced activation of the KATP channel. G i alpha *'s also activated the phosphorylated KATP channel in the atrial cell membrane, but did not affect the background KACh channel. G beta gamma subsequently applied to the same patch caused prominent KACh channel activation. The above results may indicate two distinct regulatory systems of cardiac K+ channels by PT-sensitive G proteins: G i alpha activation of the KATP channel and G beta gamma activation of the KACh channel.

title: On the mechanism of G protein beta gamma subunit activation of the muscarinic K+ channel in @entity840 atrial cell membrane. Comparison with the XXXX -sensitive K+ channel.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity13668 ( @entity13668 ) with operation indications should be paid with enough attention because they have several complications and can influence esthetics. The optimal surgical method for @entity13668 remains unclear. We explored the merits of dissociate bone flap cranioplasty. @entity1 AND METHODS: From July 2006 to August 2012, we performed 30 craniotomies on @entity1 with @entity13668 , which were divided into 2 groups: 1 group, which consisted of 18 @entity1 , underwent dissociate bone cranioplasty; the other 12 @entity1 underwent lever-up cranioplasty. A helical computed tomographic scan was routinely obtained after the operation and a 3-dimensional technique was performed on some @entity1 to evaluate the postoperative condition of the flap. RESULTS: Dissociate bone flap cranioplasty was performed on the 18 @entity1 [11 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 : age, 26-70 (41) y]. No complications were observed in these @entity1 . Lever-up cranioplasty was applied in the 12 @entity1 [8 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 : age, 19-60 (41.8) y]; 2 @entity1 had wound @entity281 and 2 emerged with @entity4282 . Obvious statistical significance of stability (P = 0.013) and position (P = 0.015) was found between the 2 methods. CONCLUSIONS: Dissociate bone flap cranioplasty is safer, more flexible, has less complications, and has better plasticity. We advocate the use of bone flap cranioplasty in dealing with @entity13668 .

title: The comparison between dissociate bone flap cranioplasty and traditional cranioplasty in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity13668 :: ('MESH:D020204', 'Disease') :: ['DSF', 'Depressed skull fractures']

answer: @entity13668 :: (MESH:D020204,Disease) :: ['depressed skull fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of endometrial resection in treating @entity931 . DESIGN: A clinical audit of 80 consecutive @entity1 . SETTING: The department of gynaecology, Ealing Hospital, London. SUBJECTS: Eighty @entity1 referred by their general practitioner with the primary complaint of @entity931 . INTERVENTIONS: Endometrial resection by hysteroscopic electro-diathermy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjective assessment of the change in menstrual @entity190 by the 75 @entity1 , who were followed up for at least one year. RESULTS: Of 75 @entity1 assessed after 1 year 45 (60%) had a successful outcome and nine (12%) had 'some improvement'. There were 21 failures; 14 reported 'no improvement' initially and seven were late failures after a good result at 6 months. Fifteen underwent a second procedure with 83% success at 6 months. Complications included uterine perforation in three @entity1 , excessive @entity2228 absorption in two, and two @entity1 had problems with @entity548 . Four @entity1 came to hysterectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Endometrial resection is an effective treatment for @entity931 . Improvements in operative technique and equipment gave better results and fewer complications in the second half of the series.

title: A review of 80 endometrial resections for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['menorrhagia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 who develop severe @entity64 symptoms due to @entity3538 occlusion eventually in combination with a @entity2500 incur a major risk of developing extensive @entity2500 with a poor outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome for @entity1 with tandem occlusions in the MCA and/or distal ICA, retrospectively, who had undergone stent implantation in the proximal segment of the ICA in addition to intra-arterial thrombolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity432 and acute occlusion of the proximal ICA underwent stent implantation for the proximal ICA occlusion and IAT for the tandem occlusion. Clinical outcome measures were assessed on admission and at discharge by using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale as well as 3 months after treatment by using the modified Rankin Scale. RESULTS: The median NIHSS score on admission was 12 (range, 6-22). All @entity1 had patent flow into the M1 and ICA after carotid artery stent placement and IAT. After the procedure, 19 @entity1 (54.3%) were TICI grade III; 7 (20.0%), TICI grade IIb; and 9 (25.7%), TICI grade IIa. Symptomatic @entity1779 occurred in 1 @entity1 (2.9%). The overall mortality rate was 11.4% (4/35). At 3-month follow-up, the median NIHSS score was 4 (range, 1-17). NIHSS score at admission and TICI grade were all found to be independently associated with an unfavorable outcome at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Initial @entity64 severity, degree of successful revascularization, and the side of @entity63 were found to independently predict the functional outcome at 3 months after treatment.

title: Predictors of functional outcome after emergency carotid artery stenting and intra-arterial thrombolysis for treatment of XXXX associated with obstruction of the proximal internal carotid artery and tandem downstream occlusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA infarction', 'thromboembolic obstruction of the middle cerebral artery']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['acute internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['tandem occlusions of the MCA and/or distal ICA']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: In a four-facility occupational epidemiology study of @entity33426 monomer and polymer production workers, the @entity33426 ( @entity1050 ) and @entity7398 monomer (VCM) exposures were modeled for plant specific job title classes. In two facilities an @entity14493 -based process was used and in the other two plants only a @entity21430 -based process was used in the monomer synthesis. In the Acetylene process VCM was an undesirable by-product to be removed. In the newer @entity21430 -based process, VCM was not involved and the exposures to @entity1050 were considerably lower than they were in the earlier years. One of the limiting factors was the operator rotation within a number of job titles. This rotation and inability to differentiate between job titles subsumed in job classifications recorded in the work histories required an exposure classification scheme based on an order of magnitude separation of exposure classes. In the four facilities with considerable variation in the mix of the production methods, the @entity1050 exposures were remarkably similar in both calculated and measured values. The reductions in exposures were much more dependent upon the improvement of the production methods, rather than deliberate exposure control for occupational hygiene considerations. This is reasonable since the exposures were generally lower than the coeval exposure limits and/or guidelines. The estimated exposures were less than 100 ppm in the pre-1960 era and less than 10 ppm in the 1960-1980 era, less than 1 ppm 1980-1990 era and less than 0.5 ppm thereafter. The exposures were categorized in four classes for VCM and six classes for @entity1050 . The characteristic class exposure values were used to cumulate individual exposures over time with a quantification of the potential range for exposures that are reasonably certain to ascribe correct ranking to job classes.

title: Chemical process-based reconstruction of exposures for an epidemiological study. Part II. Estimated exposures to @entity33426 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14493 :: ('MESH:D000114', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylene']

entities_list: @entity7398 :: ('MESH:D014752', 'Chemical') :: ['vinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity33426 :: ('MESH:D002737', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroprene']

entities_list: @entity21430 :: ('MESH:D002070', 'Chemical') :: ['butadiene']

answer: @entity7398 :: (MESH:D014752,Chemical) :: ['vinyl chloride']