abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a @entity792 that involves @entity32 and @entity158 . Low-level laser irradiation is being evaluated for treating @entity309 , however, the effectiveness of linear polarized near infrared light (SuperLizer; SL) irradiation is unclear. AIM: It has been reported that @entity568 ( @entity568 ) plays a key role in the progression of @entity309 . In our previous study, using DNA microarray analysis, we examined the gene expression profiling of @entity1 @entity309 fibroblast-like synoviocyte MH7A in response to @entity1192   administration and SL irradiation. As a result, @entity568 was listed in altered gene as increased by @entity1192   and decreased by SL irradiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The reduction of @entity568 gene expression in MH7A by SL irradiation was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. Effect of SL irradiation on the @entity309 in the @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) @entity35 was also studied by measuring temperature. @entity568 production in knee joint of @entity35 was analyzed by immunohisto-chemistry. RESULTS: Scatter plot analysis demonstrated that an increase in @entity568 gene expression by @entity1192   was reduced by SL irradiation. The reduction of @entity568 mRNA level by SL irradiation was successfully confirmed by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. SL irradiation treated @entity1753 @entity35 decreased the temperature of knee joints. The immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a strong @entity568 staining in synovial membrane tissue of @entity1753 @entity35 joint, and SL irradiation significantly reduced the staining. DISCUSSION: Since @entity568 has been identified to be an important proinflarnmatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of @entity309 , the reduction of @entity568 expression is one of mechanisms in @entity32 in @entity309 joints by SL irradiation suggesting that SL irradiation may be useful for @entity309 therapy. CONCLUSION: SL irradiation reduced @entity568 gene expression in MH7A, and reduced @entity32 and @entity568 protein expression in knee joint of @entity1753 @entity35 .

title: Reduction of interleukin-6 expression in XXXX synoviocytes and @entity309 @entity35 joints by linear polarized near infrared light (Superlizer) irradiation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'reduction of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain of joints']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['systemic autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA', 'RA inflammation', 'rheumatoid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We previously reported that @entity43796 . @entity5828 ( @entity43797 ) has anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activities. To verify the effects of @entity43797 on @entity73 further, we tested it on the @entity5591 -induced @entity2730 model of the @entity35 using the passive avoidance and eight-arm radial maze tests. A single (20 mg/kg p.o.) and repeated (10 mg/kg p.o.) administrations of @entity43797 could significantly reverse the latency time shortened by @entity5591 (1 mg/kg i.p.) to control level. The @entity73 induced by @entity5591 (1 mg/kg i.p.) was also improved significantly by a single injection (6.25 mg/kg i.p.) and repeated administrations of @entity43797 (10 mg/kg p.o.) in the eight-arm radial maze test. In addition, we examined the effects of @entity43797 on the @entity2414 and the histological changes of the brain after unilateral electrolytic lesion of the entorhinal cortex (EC) and @entity2500 in @entity35 . The @entity73 caused by @entity66 and @entity2500 were improved significantly by repeated administrations of @entity43797 (6.25 mg/kg i.p.) after @entity66 or @entity63 insult once a day for 7 days in the passive avoidance test. Histological analysis showed that the @entity528 in the @entity43797 -treated group was notably reduced in the hippocampal area ( @entity1249 ) of @entity63 @entity35 and in the dentate gyrus and hippocampal area ( @entity1249 and @entity1251 ) of EC-lesioned @entity35 compared with the nontreated group. The @entity1188 area was decreased significantly by a single administration of @entity43797 (6.25 mg/kg i.p.) 30 min before @entity63 insult for 6 h. These results suggest that @entity43797 might be an effective drug for not only the @entity195 type, but also the vascular type of @entity303 .

title: @entity43796 . @entity5828 prevents XXXX in @entity35 models of @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['EC lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity43796 :: ('MESH:C028633', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroevodiamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired spatial working memory', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['impairment of learning and memory and neuronal loss']


abstract: Since 1984 breast-conserving treatment has been the treatment of choice for @entity1 at Tygerberg Hospital with early @entity0 . Peri-operative interstitial brachytherapy in @entity0 is described in detail. In the 221 @entity1 treated (225 breasts), 197 breasts received iridium implants and 26 @entity1 received peri-operative chemotherapy (POPFAC). There were 6 recurrences in treated breasts, 3 within the booster area and 3 outside. There were 5 salvage mastectomies, and 1 @entity1 was treated by excision and radiotherapy. @entity3 developed in 27 @entity1 . Two @entity1 underwent mastectomy for severe radiation changes and 7 developed @entity6081 after POPFAC. Five @entity1 , who had re-excisions and prolonged @entity2080 formation, developed delayed wound @entity281 after POPFAC. Five @entity1 , who had re-excisions and prolonged @entity2080 formation, developed delayed wound @entity281 . The importance of mammography, @entity1 selection, @entity5 -free margins and radiation dosage are discussed.

title: Breast-conserving treatment for @entity5 . XXXX excision, axillary dissection, peri-operative interstitial irradiation, with or without peri-operative chemotherapy, followed by breast irradiation--the Tygerberg Hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infection']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumour']


abstract: The effect of source of cumulus-oocytes-complexes (COCs), maturation and fertilization conditions on developmental competence of @entity20770 embryos was examined. Thirty-six adult females were superovulated with @entity1641 Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) injection (3500 IU, IM) and divided in three groups of 12 females each. Group 1 provided 138 COC's collected from follicles >or= 5 mm 10 days after stimulation prior @entity1465 treatment and matured in vitro for 30 h. Group 2 provided 120 in vivo matured oocytes which were aspirated from their follicles 20 h after @entity1465 (3000 IU, IV) given on day 10 follow eCG injection. Group 3 provided 65 in vivo matured/fertilized oocytes. Females in Group 3 received @entity1465 on day 10 following eCG treatment and then were mated 24 h later. Fertilized oocytes were collected from the oviducts of females 48-h post-mating. Quality of the oocytes was assessed after in vitro maturation (IVM), @entity52 ( @entity52 ) and in vitro culture (IVC) of COCs. All cultures were performed in three replicates (n = 3) at 38.5 degrees C, under 5% @entity515 and high humidity (>95%). Only COCs with cumulus and homogenous (dark) cytoplasm were used. Nuclear maturation rate for Groups 1 and 2 was determined by epifluorescence microscopy in a sample of COCs (n = 30) denuded, fixed and stained with @entity5956 . To study the viability of obtained embryos, hatched blastocysts from each group were transferred to recipients followed by pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasonography at 15, 60 and 90 days. The percentage of COCs reaching metaphase II (MII) after 30 h of maturation was slightly but not significantly higher for in vivo matured oocytes (28/30; 93%) than those in vitro matured (25/30; 84%). The total rate of cleavage (2 cells to blastocyst stage) was not different for the three groups. However, significantly (p < 0.05) more blastocyst and hatched blastocysts were obtained from in vivo matured and in vivo fertilized oocytes (Group 3; 52% and 73%) than from in vitro fertilized oocytes whether they were matured in vitro (Group 1; 35% and 32%) or in vivo (Group 2; 32% and 45%). Pregnancy rates were not significantly different amongst all groups for the three first months following embryo transfer. All pregnancies were lost after day 90 follow transfer except for in vivo matured and in vivo matured/fertilized groups. Only in vivo matured/in vitro fertilized and in vivo matured/fertilized produced embryos continued normal development until term and resulted in the birth of normal and healthy live @entity291 . Six claves (29%; 6/21) were born from Group 3 and one (8%; 1/13) @entity291 was born from Group 2. This study shows that the IVC system used is able to support @entity20770 embryo development. However, developmental competence and viability of @entity20770 embryos may be directly related to the intrinsic quality (cytoplasmic maturation) of oocytes.

title: Quality and developmental ability of XXXX ( @entity20770 ) embryos obtained by IVM/ @entity52 , in vivo matured/ @entity52 or in vivo matured/fertilized oocytes.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity20770 :: (9838,Species) :: ['dromedary']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recommendations for the use of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists should consider not only their effectiveness but also their links with other clinical findings (both favorable and adverse), the risk/benefit ratio in different subgroups of @entity1 , and the existence of other therapeutic alternatives; additionally, the estimates underlying the recommendation should be explicit. OBJECTIVE: To establish explicit evidence-based recommendations regarding the use of @entity1427 /IIIa antagonists in medically treated @entity1 with @entity1187 without ST-segmentelevation. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE-based search (1980 to November 1999) of randomized controlled trials for effectiveness data and nonsystematic review of published data regarding utilities of relevant status and clinical events. STUDY SELECTION: We included clinical trials in which the @entity1 were randomly assigned either to an experimental group treated with intravenous @entity1427 /IIIa antagonists or to a control group. We excluded studies in which the intention to perform a percutaneous procedure was a criterion for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION: The effectiveness of the treatment was defined as the incidence of @entity204 or a nonfatal @entity1188 at 30 days. The risks of the treatment were estimated using the incidence of moderate to severe @entity548 . DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in @entity1 with @entity1187 and calculation of the threshold number needed to treat (t-NNT). RESULTS: Compared with conventional treatment, @entity1427 /IIIa antagonists reduce the risk of @entity204 or nonfatal @entity1188 at 30 days by approximately 11.7% (number needed to treat [NNT] = 65 for the basal risk of @entity1 included in the studies; 95% CI 40 to 203). However, the use of @entity1427 /IIIa antagonists increases the risk of moderate to severe @entity548 by 32%. In an analysis biased in favor of the use of @entity1427 /IIIa antagonists, these risks imply a t-NNT of approximately 150, which overlaps with the confidence interval of the basal NNT. The limits of a 95% confidence interval of the NNT are only lower than the t-NNT in @entity1 with a high risk of @entity204 / @entity1188 (at least 5%) and low risk of @entity548 (less than the weighted basal risk in the trials analyzed). CONCLUSIONS: At present, there is no conclusive evidence that the expected benefits outweigh the nsks in the average @entity1 included in the available trials. The benefit is probably greater than the risks in @entity1 with a high risk of @entity204 / @entity1188 and low risk of @entity548 . In @entity1 with a low risk of @entity204 / @entity1188 and/or high risk of @entity548 , the risks seem to outweigh the benefits and so, in the latter case, such therapy should not be used.

title: Risks and benefits of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of these secondary analyses of clinical trial data was to characterize clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity161 who met symptom severity or duration thresholds for two alternative definitions of remission, and to explore their relationships to improvement duration and quality of life outcomes. METHODS: Definition 1 used threshold criteria for selected PANSS items sustained over at least 6-months Definition 2 used Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) % change, a threshold score for the Clinical Global Improvement-Severity (CGI-S) maintained for at least 8 weeks, and threshold scores for selected BPRS items. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and Quality of Life scale (QLS) total scores were pooled from 6 clinical trials. The extent to which the alternative severity thresholds from these two definitions and duration of clinical improvement were associated with different clinical and QLS outcomes was explored. Regression analysis also assessed the relative contribution of each of the components of the two definition severity thresholds to improvements in QLS Total score. RESULTS: Increases in QLS scores were greater for those @entity1 who met either threshold criteria relative to those who met neither (p<.0001). Significantly greater improvements in QLS scores were observed for @entity1 who met either threshold criteria at the 8-, 16- and 24-week visits relative to those who met criteria at weeks 16 and 24, or at week 24 only (p<0.001), as well as for the subset of @entity1 who met threshold criteria at both 24 and 52 weeks relative to those who met criteria at only one of these 2 time points. Only 31% to 47% of @entity1 meeting threshold criteria for either definition at the 8-, 16- or 24-week visits remained in remission at the 52-week visit. Among the severity threshold components analyzed, BPRS total % change from baseline was the strongest predictor of improvement in QLS scores. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life improved most for @entity1 who achieved severity thresholds associated with either remission criteria and who stayed improved for longer periods. Total BPRS change scores accounted for the greatest percentage of the QLS scores variance. Only a fraction of @entity1 who meet severity criteria for either remission definition early in treatment will remain at that level of improvement within the subsequent 9-12 months.

title: Characteristics of two alternative XXXX remission definitions: relationship to clinical and quality of life outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Twenty-two tennis players were individually studied on 2 occasions. They performed a prematch skill test, a 2-hr tennis match against an equally ranked opponent, and a postmatch skill test. A @entity1735 -electrolyte ( @entity435 -E; Lucozade Sport) or flavor-matched placebo-electrolyte (PL) beverage was administered in a double-blind fashion. During the trials, heart-rate and movement intensity were monitored, and the match was recorded for performance analysis. There were no differences in skill-test scores pre- to postmatch or between trials (154  38 pre- and 160  35 postmatch on PL, 155  36 pre- and 165  33 postmatch on @entity435 -E). @entity435 -E ingestion elevated blood @entity413 concentration throughout the match, and @entity1 reported feeling more energetic (general activation) and more tense (high activation) 1 hr into the match than at baseline (p<.05). @entity1 in the @entity435 -E trial spent more time in moderate-intensity activity and less time in low-intensity activity than on PL. Performance analysis revealed that @entity435 -E ingestion increased overall serve success (M  SD, 68%  7% for @entity435 -E vs. 66%  7% for PL; p<.05) and success of first serves (65%  9% for @entity435 -E, 61%  7% for PL; p<.01) and serves to the advantage side (70%  9% for @entity435 -E, 66%  7% for PL; p<.05). Return success was greater during the second set of the match (p<.05) in the @entity435 -E trial. Differences in serve and return success were not associated with blood @entity413 response to @entity435 or player ability.

title: XXXX -electrolyte drink ingestion and skill performance during and after 2 hr of indoor tennis match play.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The main aim was to examine @entity1142 and anal @entity322 in @entity1 before and after resection for external @entity3577 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 had ligament preserving suture rectopexy and sigmoid resection (resection rectopexy) for external @entity3577 by laparoscopic (n = 15) or open (n = 5) technique during 2001-2005. They were prospectively evaluated for @entity1142 and anal @entity322 using validated @entity322 and KESS- @entity1142 scores. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Constipation score was significantly reduced from mean 7.7 (5.4-9.9) to 4.5 (2.5-6.4) after median 4 months (1-19) and to 4.3 (2.2-6.3) after median 17 months (4-51). Six and four @entity1 were constipated preoperatively and 17 months postoperatively, respectively. The four symptoms feeling incomplete evacuation of stool, minutes in lavatory per attempt, use of enemas/digitation and painful evacuation effort were significantly reduced, whilst stool consistency increased. Fourteen @entity1 (70%) had anal @entity322 . Corresponding and significant reduction in their scores were from mean 12.5 (9.4-15.5) to 5.1 (2.1-8.1) and to 3.6 (1.3-5.9). @entity322 was improved in 13 and unaltered in one @entity1 (s). Two @entity1 with worse outcome had increased stool consistency and @entity1142 scores. Resection rectopexy for @entity3577 reduced anal @entity322 and @entity1142 .

title: Resection rectopexy for external @entity3577 reduces XXXX and anal @entity322 .

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['rectal prolapse']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2828 is a rare and aggressive @entity5 . In the present study, @entity5 from a @entity1 with a @entity2828 with @entity4640 ( @entity4640 ) loss and FUS-ERG fusion was implanted in the right chest wall of @entity19 to establish a @entity1 -derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The aim of the present study was to determine efficacy of @entity20405 ( @entity20405 ) and @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ) inhibitors on the @entity2828 PDOX. The PDOX models were randomized into the following groups when @entity5 volume reached 50 mm3: G1, untreated control; G2, @entity632 ( @entity3105 ) (intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, @entity20405 inhibitor (palbociclib, @entity20406 , per oral (p.o.), daily, for 14 days); G4, @entity2856 inhibitor ( @entity31057 , @entity31057 , p.o., daily, for 14 days). @entity5 growth was significantly suppressed both in G3 (palbociclib) and in G4 ( @entity31057 ) compared to G1 (untreated control) at all measured time points. In contrast, @entity3105 did not inhibit @entity5 growth at any time point, which is consistent with the failure of @entity3105 to control @entity5 growth in the @entity1 . The results of the present study demonstrate the power of the PDOX model to identify effective targeted molecular therapy of a recalcitrant @entity3105 -resistant @entity2828 with specific genetic alterations. The results of this study suggest the potential of PDOX models for individually-tailored, effective targeted therapy for recalcitrant @entity5 .

title: Effective molecular targeting of @entity20405 and @entity2856 in a rare FUS-ERG fusion CDKN2A-deletion @entity632 -resistant @entity2828 @entity1 -derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude- XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2856 :: ('3480', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor', 'IGF-1R']

entities_list: @entity4640 :: ('1029;1030', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B', 'CDKN2A/B']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy carries a high risk of lower limb @entity4269 . This report describes the feasibility of performing @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) after inguinofemoral lymph node completion (LYMPHA technique) and the possible benefit of LYMPHA for preventing @entity4269 . METHODS: Between February, 2011 and October, 2014, 11 @entity1 with @entity5 and 16 @entity1 with @entity320 of the trunk requiring inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy underwent lymph node dissection and the LYMPHA technique. Blue dye was injected into the thigh 10 min before surgery. Lymphatics afferent to the blue nodes were used to perform @entity1211 using a collateral branch of the great saphenous vein. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 in the @entity5 group was 52 years (range, 48-75 years). The @entity320 group comprised seven @entity1 and nine @entity1 with a mean age of 41 years (range, 37-56 years). Of the 16 @entity1 , 5 with @entity5 underwent bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy, whereas the remaining 6 @entity1 with @entity5 and all 16 @entity1 with @entity320 of the trunk had unilateral node dissection. All the @entity1 were treated by the LYMPHA technique. No lymphocele or infectious complications occurred. Transient lower-extremity @entity4 occurred for one @entity320 @entity1 (6.25 %), which resolved after 2 months, and permanent lower-extremity @entity4 occurred for one @entity1 (9 %) with @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The LYMPHA technique appears to be feasible, safe, and effective for the prevention of lower limb @entity4269 , thereby improving the @entity1 's quality of life and decreasing health care costs.

title: LYMPHA Technique to Prevent Secondary Lower Limb XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar cancer']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['MLVA', 'multiple lymphatic-venous anastomoses']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['Lymphedema']


abstract: @entity14220 ( @entity14220 ) is a strong risk factor for @entity0 and may represent a useful intermediate marker for @entity0 risk. Physical activity (PA) is known to be associated with a reduced risk of @entity0 . If PA is associated with @entity14220 then this would be useful for @entity0 prevention studies. @entity14220 was assessed on digitized mammograms using a computer assisted method (Madena) in 2218 postmenopausal @entity1 . A questionnaire assessed PA, by asking about the duration and intensity of light, moderate, strenuous PA/week. We used multivariate linear regression models to estimate least square means of percent @entity14220 by total and intensity of PA with adjustment for confounders. The mean age (   s.d) was 58.4 (  5.3) and mean BMI was 24.6 (  4.6). We observed a statistically significant inverse association between total PA and @entity14220 in the over-weight (BMI   =   25.0-29.9) @entity1 , where mean @entity14220 among @entity1 with highest activity (>360 mins/week) was 12.6% (95%CI; 11.2%-14.0%), while among @entity1 with no activity it was 15.9% (95 CI; 13.6%-18.2%, p for trend   =   0.04). There was no association in the other BMI strata. @entity14220 was 12.1% (11.2%-13.0%) in the highest group (> 180 mins/week) of moderate/strenuous activity and in the no activity group 14.8% (14.2%-15.5%, p for trend   =   0.001) in the over-weight @entity1 . There was no association between light PA and @entity14220 in all @entity1 combined or in any other BMI strata. We found some evidence of an inverse association between PA and @entity14220 among overweight @entity1 .

title: Physical activity and mammographic density in a cohort of postmenopausal Norwegian XXXX ; a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity14220 :: ('MESH:C564595', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'Mammographic density']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity3794 ( @entity3794 ) can be a devastating @entity358 . It is primarily caused by @entity32 leading to severe damage of the alveolar epithelial cells. The pathophysiology of @entity3794 is not yet been clearly defined, but studying lung parenchymal injury by involving reactive @entity26 species (ROS) through the activation of @entity18515 ( @entity18515 ) may provide promising results. @entity18515 is a G-protein coupled receptor is known to play an important role in the development of @entity3794 . In this study, we investigated the inhibitory role of @entity12971 ( @entity22770 ) against ROS mediated activation of @entity18515 and collagen production accompanied by epithelial cell apoptosis. @entity1732 induced ROS levels may prompt to induce the expression of @entity18515 as well as extracellular matrix proteins (ECM), such as @entity33238 , collagen specific proteins HSP-47, a-SMA, and cytokines @entity568 , and @entity41238 . Importantly DAS treatment effectively decreased the expression of all these proteins. The inhibitory effect of DAS on profibrotic molecules is mediated by blocking the ROS level. To identify apoptotic signaling as a mediator of @entity3794 induction, we performed apoptotic protein expression, DNA fragmentation analysis and ultrastructural details of the lung tissue were performed. DAS treatment restored all these changes to near normalcy. In conclusion, treatment of @entity3794 bearing @entity35 with DAS results in amelioration of the ROS production, @entity18515 activation, ECM production, collagen synthesis and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis during @entity1732 induction. We attained the first evidence that treatment of DAS decreases the ROS levels and may provide a potential therapeutic effect attenuating @entity1732 induced @entity3794 .

title: XXXX attenuates excessive collagen production and apoptosis in a @entity35 model of @entity1732 induced pulmonary fibrosis through the involvement of @entity18515 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12971 :: ('MESH:C038491', 'Chemical') :: ['diallylsulfide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary fibrosis', 'PF']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

answer: @entity12971 :: (MESH:C038491,Chemical) :: ['Diallylsulfide']


abstract: A number of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) have been shown to be toxicants, and induce carcinogenic and immunotoxic effects. As a model PAH agent, @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) was the strongest one tested in terms of its biological activities and biotransformation. A new and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with diode-array detection at 290 nm was developed and validated for monitoring of @entity106 in different matrices (serum, liver and kidney) of @entity35 orally treated with @entity106 . Furthermore, the applicability of adsorptive transfer stripping voltammetry (AdTSV) on the pencil-lead @entity15583 electrode to these samples was illustrated using our previously reported data for bulk aqueous solutions of @entity106 . HPLC and AdTSV methods, which were compatible with each other, allowed @entity106 to be detected down to the levels of 3.82x10-9 M (0.98 ppb) and 6.73x10-9 M (1.73 ppb), respectively. Olive oil solutions of @entity106 in dose 50 mg/kg were orally administered. 60 days after a single dose of @entity106 , its concentrations in these biological samples from @entity35 were measured by means of both methods. Because of rapid biotransformation, @entity106 could not be detected in serum. Only low levels of the compounds were deposited unchanged in kidney whereas its levels were considerably higher in liver. These methods were also applied to the assay whether there is an influence of the intake of aqueous extracts of Hypericum Perforatum L. plant on the parent @entity106 levels accumulated in @entity35 tissues.

title: Determination of XXXX in orally treated @entity35 by high-performance liquid chromatography and transfer stripping voltammetry.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity3653 :: (CHEBI:254496,Chemical) :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']


abstract: A retrospective review of 132 @entity1 with @entity1576 associated with @entity354 is presented. The @entity1 were operated upon according to Hill's technique. In 66 @entity1 and @entity1 , recurrent @entity358 was the most frequent indication for surgery. The mean duration of respiratory symptoms was 17 months. In 66 adults, @entity565 was the most frequent indication for surgery. The mean duration of respiratory symptoms was 9.7 years. Suppression of reflux was obtained by operation in 95% of @entity1 and @entity1 , with disappearance of @entity1576 in 78.6% and clinical improvement of symptoms in 16.4%. Suppression of reflux was confirmed in 94% of adults, with disappearance of @entity1576 in 36% and improvement of symptoms in 28%. The correlation between disappearance of reflux after surgery and cure of @entity1576 in @entity1 and @entity1 must be seen in the light of the natural history of lower oesophageal sphincter maturation. Nevertheless, surgery shortens the period of risk in life-threatening situations. In adults, one @entity1 out of two benefited from operation. Failures were more frequent in @entity565 and there was no characteristic type of @entity565 associated with reflux.

title: XXXX and @entity1576 treated by Hill's procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastrooesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Gastro-oesophageal reflux']


abstract: The concentration changes, during hemodialysis treatment, of 18 characteristic @entity5507 compounds, analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography in sera of renal @entity1 were studied. Pre- to postdialysis concentration ratios (dialysis ratio, D) varied from 0.83 to 3.04 for the different solutes. A division into three solute groups, on the basis of their D values, could be rationalized qualitatively from data on protein binding and dialyzer clearance. One group showed @entity258 which could be explained from plasma protein binding. The second group had intermediate D values, comparable to those of creatinine. For some of the members of the third group, high D values might indicate a compartmentalization and resistance to mass transfer across biological membranes. Among the latter are the tubularly secreted hippuric acid and p-hydroxyhippuric acid. For most of the (protein-bound) solutes, protein binding was shown to decrease during hemodialysis. Protein binding levels were higher after dialysis only for hippuric acid and the as yet unidentified fluorescent solute designated UFK8. In conclusion, the change of serum concentrations and of protein binding resulting from hemodialysis treatment are presented and are compared for 18 accumulating solutes in sera of @entity1 with @entity454 .

title: Effect of hemodialysis on serum concentrations of HPLC-analyzed accumulating solutes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low dialysis ratios']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity5507 :: (MESH:D014511,Disease) :: ['uremia']


abstract: We assessed how acute @entity32 affects the contractile activity of the esophageal body. Two models of @entity2910 were used: nine opossums had an esophageal perfusion of 100 meq @entity5836 for 2 hr and were studied at 24 hr. Ten had the perfusion for 4 h and their @entity2910 were studied in vitro after 72 hr. Comparisons were made in all instances to animals who had esophageal saline perfusion for identical periods. All acid-perfused animals developed gross and histologic evidence of @entity32 ; in three animals, inflammatory changes extended into the submucosa and the muscularis propria. Manometric recordings in the acid-perfused animals revealed esophageal shortening, frequent failure of primary peristalsis and frequent occurrence of spontaneous contractions. Recordings of isometric tension of muscle in vitro revealed spontaneous contractions in strips from the mucosa and from the circular and from the longitudinal muscle. The amplitude of contractions in response to electrical stimulation was decreased, but the duration of contractions was increased largely because of a prolonged recovery phase. These changes in mechanical response occurred with stimulus parameters directed at both the muscle and the intrinsic nerves. We conclude that esophageal @entity32 can lead to an increased irritability and decreased stimulus response of the smooth muscle of the esophagus even where it is not directly involved in an inflammatory response. These changes correspond to the functional abnormalities of the esophagus seen in @entity1 with @entity354 .

title: Motility changes in opossum esophagus from experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis']

answer: @entity2910 :: (MESH:D004941,Disease) :: ['esophagitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although mandibular repositioning devices were found to be very effective for treating @entity27 (OSAS), they can cause side effects such as @entity2956 and occlusal deviation. A semi-rigid device with a low frequency of side effects, the Silensor, (Erkodent Gmbh, Tuttlingen, Germany) was reported previously. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the Silensor is effective for treating OSAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five OSAS @entity1 (27 males and 8 females) who were treated with the Silensor were enrolled in this study. The mean age and body mass index of the @entity1 were 52.2  years (23-72  years) and 24.5  kg/m(2) (19.3-31.6  kg/m(2)), respectively. The @entity1 were classified into two groups based on the length of the apparatus connector: 0-2 or 3-4  mm. A polysomnography test was performed twice, at the first visit and after the improvement of subjective symptoms. These data were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: The @entity27 index significantly improved in all OSAS @entity1 , the mild to moderate OSAS @entity1 , severe OSAS @entity1 , 0- to 2-mm group, and the 3- to 4-mm group (91.4  %; p   <   0.01, 88.9  %; p   <   0.01, 100  %; p   <   0.05, 86.4  %; p   <   0.01, 100  %; p   <   0.01, respectively). The only side effects of the Silensor were broken apparatus and @entity16 . DISCUSSION: The Silensor is useful for the treatment of OSAS. In particular, the Silensor is suitable for the first phase of OSAS treatment with oral appliances because the efficacy of the Silensor was equal to that of other oral appliances and had few side effects.

title: Efficacy of the Silensor for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the buccal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular joint disorder']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: A phase II trial of alpha 2b-interferon in @entity1 with relapsed or @entity978 was conducted by the @entity5 and @entity1778 Group B. Nineteen @entity1 were eligible for study. These @entity1 had received at least two (median of four) previous chemotherapeutic programs and 79% had received prior radiation therapy. Three @entity1 had undergone intensive chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. The treatment regimen consisted of interferon-alpha 2b 10 X 10(6) IU/m2 subcutaneously three times per week. Only limited antineoplastic activity was seen in this heavily pretreated group of @entity1 . There was one partial response and four @entity1 had reduction in measurable disease not meeting the criteria for partial response. The drug was well tolerated. @entity137 was predominantly myelosuppression. @entity882 was particularly severe in @entity1 with bone marrow involvement. The observed antineoplastic activity, albeit limited, in this heavily pretreated group of @entity1 suggests a potential role for this agent in combination regimens in @entity1 with @entity66 .

title: Interferon therapy of relapsed and @entity978 : XXXX and @entity1778 Group B Study 8652.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['earlier disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["refractory Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2204 ( @entity2204 )   4 is related to @entity2414 in Whites, but the relation is unknown in Blacks. The purpose of this study was to determine whether   4 has a selective effect on decline in episodic memory in Blacks. METHODS: Data are from two cohort studies with similar design. The sample consisted of 1,211 @entity1 [28.4% Blacks, mean age = 78.6 years (SD = 7.4), education = 14.7 years (SD = 3.1)] without @entity303 at baseline, who underwent annual clinical evaluations for up to 6 years. Summary measures of 5 cognitive abilities were derived from 18 neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: In mixed models that controlled for age, sex, education, and race, possession of   4 (present in 32.9% of Blacks and 21.0% of Whites, p < 0.001) was related to @entity2414 and 4 other cognitive abilities (all p values <0.01). In separate models that examined the interaction of race and   4 on decline, there was no significant difference between Blacks and Whites in the effect of   4 on decline in episodic memory, perceptual speed, or visuospatial ability. By contrast, the effect of   4 differed for semantic memory and working memory. Results were similar after adjusting for vascular conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity2204 is related to a faster rate of decline in episodic memory in Blacks similar to Whites. In addition, there were racial differences in the effect of   4 in other cognitive abilities such that the   4 allele was related to @entity2414 for Whites but not for Blacks.

title: XXXX and change in episodic memory in blacks and whites.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['faster decline in semantic memory and working memory', 'faster decline in episodic memory']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['APOE', 'APOE   4', 'Apolipoprotein E']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['Apolipoprotein E']


abstract: @entity189 arising in @entity2941 are well recognized; however, @entity4153 have not been reported to arise in @entity2941 . @entity4153 have been recognized as unique clinicopathologic entities for decades, and have been found arising in numerous sites. Recently there have been several reviews of the subject (Remick et al.: Medicine 66:457-71, 1987; Richardson and Weiland: Seminars in Oncology 9:484-496, 1982; Levenson et al.: Journal of the National @entity5 Institute 67:607-612, 1981). @entity4153 has only rarely been described (Reyes and Wang: @entity5 47:2500-2502, 1981; Corrin et al.: @entity5 31:1523-1527, 1973). These @entity5 must be distinguished from @entity5 and @entity4294 , which can often lead to histochemical and histologic confusion (Richardson and Weiland: Seminars in Oncology 9:484-496, 1982). Their response to therapy has not been well documented. We report here a small cell @entity788 that arose within a choledochal cyst and that had immunohistochemical characteristics supporting a neuroendocrine origin but that lacked evidence of islet cell differentiation. A complete response to chemotherapy is also described.

title: XXXX in association with a choledochal cyst: immunohistochemical characterization and complete response to combination chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinomas', 'Extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas', 'Small cell carcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity4294 :: ('MESH:D007516', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cysts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinomas']

answer: @entity4153 :: (MESH:D018288,Disease) :: ['Small cell carcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report on the natural history and factors influencing the prognosis of a cohort of hormone na  ve, @entity1486 era @entity1 in whom metastatic @entity263 developed after radical prostatectomy who were followed closely and treated with deferred androgen deprivation therapy at the time of @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 3,096 @entity1 underwent radical prostatectomy performed by a single surgeon at Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1987 and 2005. Of these @entity1 422 had @entity1486 failure. Distant @entity3 developed in 123 @entity1 , of whom 91 with complete data formed the study cohort initially treated during the @entity1486 era (1987 to 2005) and receiving androgen deprivation therapy after documented @entity3 . A total of 41 @entity1 died of @entity263 . Median survival times were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Prognostic impact was estimated as the hazard ratio derived from the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Median followup from radical prostatectomy was 120 months (range 24 to 216). Kaplan-Meier median (range) times to failure were 24 months (12 to 144) from radical prostatectomy to @entity1486 failure, 36 months (0 to 132) from @entity1486 failure to @entity3 , 84 months (12 to 180) from @entity3 to @entity204 and 168 months (24 to 216) from radical prostatectomy to @entity204 . Statistically significant univariate risk factors for @entity263 specific mortality at the time of @entity3 were @entity158 at diagnosis of @entity3 (p = 0.002), time from radical prostatectomy to @entity3 (p = 0.024) and @entity1486 doubling time less than 3 months during the 24 months before @entity3 (p = 0.016). Multivariable analysis demonstrated independent predictors of @entity263 specific mortality at the time of @entity3 , namely @entity158 (HR 3.5, p = 0.003) and @entity1486 doubling time less than 3 months (HR 3.4, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 treated with deferred androgen deprivation therapy for the development of @entity3 after radical prostatectomy may have a long life span, 169 months after radical prostatectomy (range 24 to 216). The presence of @entity158 and short @entity1486 doubling time predicted an unfavorable outcome.

title: The natural history of XXXX treated with deferred androgen deprivation therapy in whom metastatic @entity263 developed following radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the reproducibility of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements in normal eyes and eyes with @entity726 using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). METHODS: One eye of 79 normal and 72 @entity726 @entity1 was analyzed. All @entity1 underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including visual acuity testing; intraocular pressure, slit-lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy; and the @entity726 group underwent achromatic perimetry with the 24-2 SITA Fast Humphrey Field Analyzer. All @entity1 ' eyes were scanned using the spectral domain optical coherence tomography - Spectralis(  ) and one of them was chosen randomly. Three consecutive circular B-scan centered at the optic disc were performed in one visit. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation and test-retest variability for the mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were respectively: 0.94, 2.56% and 4.85   m for the normal group and 0.93, 4.65% and 6.61   m for the glaucomatous group. The intraclass correlation coefficient for retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in all quadrants were all excellent in both groups, with the superior quadrant having the highest ICCs (0.964) in @entity735 and nasal quadrant measurements having the lowest (0.800), but still excellent in eyes without @entity726 . The coefficient of variation was between 2.56% - 8.74% and between 4.65% - 11.44% in normal and glaucomatous group respectively. The test-retest variability was between 4.85   m and 11.51   m in the normal group and between 6.61   m and 14.24   m in the glaucomatous group. The measurements in @entity735 were more variable than normal eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed excellent reproducibility with regard to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements in normal and @entity735 .

title: Reproducibility of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements using spectral domain OCT in Brazilian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity22520 ( @entity22520 ) protein plays an important role in @entity741 and reperfusion (I/R) injury. @entity13736 ( @entity13737 ), a @entity1457 protein 72 inducer, has been reported to reduce myocardial I/R injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective mechanism of @entity13737 during myocardial I/R injury in @entity35 . Anesthetized male @entity35 were treated once with @entity13737 (200 mg/kg, p.o.) 24 h before @entity63 , and subjected to @entity63 for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 4 h. @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), @entity908 kinase (CK), @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activity and @entity1188 size were measured. @entity22520 expression was assessed by immunoblotting. The results showed that pre-treatment with @entity13737 (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the @entity1188 size and the levels of LDH and CK after 4 h of reperfusion (all P<0.05). @entity13737 also significantly inhibited the increase in @entity1865 levels and the decrease in SOD levels (both P<0.05). Meanwhile, @entity13737 considerably suppressed the expression of @entity22520 induced by I/R. The present study suggests that @entity13737 is capable of attenuating myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting @entity22520 expression.

title: @entity13736 protects against XXXX and reperfusion injury by inhibiting @entity22520 protein in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity13736 :: ('MESH:C031049', 'Chemical') :: ['Geranylgeranylacetone']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study is to assess the 24-week efficacy of the addition of @entity6170 4 mg to existing full dose @entity4136 (SU) and @entity2449 (MET) therapy in @entity1 with inadequately controlled type 2 @entity6 , and to observe the continued follow-up efficacy and safety of this drug for up to two years. METHODS: This study consists of 32 @entity1 . Fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), free @entity844 (FFA), high sensitive @entity1851 (HS-CRP), @entity1254 , @entity2690 and C-peptide were measured every four weeks up to week 24. After that time, the FPG continued to be checked every month. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profiles were also checked every 12 weeks for more than two years. RESULTS: HbA1c was reduced by 1.4% at week 12 and by 1.1% at week 24. However HbA1c was still above 9% throughout the whole study period. FPG was reduced significantly when comparing the baseline value to the value after treatment. The FPG values after one year and two years follow-up were similar to the value at week 24. The serum total @entity165 and low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 levels increased significantly. Serum @entity1674 were reduced significantly. Significant reductions in serum @entity6334 from baseline to week 24 were observed. A gradually decrease of serum HS-CRP was noted from baseline to week 24. Serum @entity1254 levels increased maximally at week 12 and then it decreased gradually, showing a significant change. Serum @entity2690 and C-peptide levels showed significant changes from baseline to week 24. There were no acute @entity1095 events or @entity409 within the entire study period. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical improvement in glycemic control was observed after the addition of @entity6170 to type 2 @entity6 @entity1 receiving full dose SU and MET therapy. The maximal effect was observed at week 12 and the effect continued for at least two years. Further, the combination therapy also resulted in an improvement in lipid profiles, decreased HS-CRP and increased @entity1254 levels in the short term (24 weeks). This combination therapy is also safe and beneficial for at least two years because no acute episodes of @entity1095 were seen.

title: Two-year effect of XXXX in chinese poorly controlled type 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['cardiocerebral peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6170 :: (MESH:C089730,Chemical) :: ['rosiglitazone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There exist only a few "typical" morphological signs of @entity204 due to @entity2332 . For forensic practice, the identification of other reliable markers to determine @entity2332 as cause of @entity204 is important. In the @entity2332 is discussed as a stress factor for cells. It was the aim of this study to clarify wether an increased @entity2285 expression in the kidneys of fatal @entity2332 victims can be observed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Kidney tissue samples of 100 fatal cases of @entity2332 and 50 control cases without @entity2332 and @entity4808 were investigated. The expression of @entity2285 in both study and control group was graded after immunohistochemical staining using a 4 degrees scale from 0 up to +3. RESULTS: Altogether, in the study group 89.0% in the tubule epithelium cells and 80.0% in the glomerula presented a @entity2285 expression of different grades. In the control group, 33 out of 50 cases were diagnosed completely without any @entity2285 expression in renal tubules, 17 cases showed a slight (+1) @entity2285 expression in the tubuli. In the glomeruli 42 cases of the control group were completely negative for @entity2285 expression, 8 cases showed a slight (+1) expression in the glomeruli. CONCLUSION: Our results show, that @entity2332 is a stress factor inducing @entity2285 expression in the renal tubular epithelial cells and in the glomerular podocytes. Although @entity2285 expression was increased in the kidneys in cases of @entity2332 , there was no strong correlation to Wischnewski's spots.

title: The expression of heat shock protein 70 in kidneys in cases of @entity204 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['literature hypothermia', 'hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: @entity5 is the second leading cause of @entity204 from @entity5 among @entity1 in Colombia (16/100,000). Infection with high-risk @entity1082 ) plays a major role in the etiology of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Exposure to chemical agents may be a cofactor for @entity5 induction, and individual genetic differences in the metabolism of these chemical agents may affect the susceptibility of individuals towards the development of @entity2784 . In this case-control study, a total of 91 cases with @entity2784 and 92 healthy controls, frequency-matched by age and place of origin, were recruited, and their frequencies of @entity5321 , @entity9164 , and @entity4192 polymorphism were determined. We then evaluated the association of these polymorphisms, by themselves and in combination with wood smoke exposure and @entity1083 status, with the risk of @entity2784 . The results indicate that @entity9164 and @entity4192 polymorphism were not associated with @entity2784 , although a small increase in risk was observed for individuals who were @entity4192 null (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.57-3.44). Contrary to other investigations, the c2/c2 variant of the @entity5321 gene was associated with a significant increase in risk after adjusting for wood smoke exposure (OR = 6.3, 95% CI = 1.10-36.38) or wood smoke exposure and @entity1083 status (OR = 10.7, 95% CI = 1.76-65.58). Wood smoke exposure also increased the risk of @entity2784 among @entity5321 c2/c2 HPV-positive @entity1 (OR = 3.3, CI = 0.50-22.50); however, the increase did not achieve statistical significance. Our study provides tantalizing evidence that genetic differences in the metabolism of @entity40580 , particularly metabolism by @entity5321 , may confer susceptibility for @entity2784 development. Further investigations with larger populations will be needed to confirm this association, which may provide important information for improving cervical @entity5 prevention programs.

title: @entity1083 , and genetic susceptibility for cervical XXXX among @entity1 in Colombia.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-infection']

entities_list: @entity40580 :: ('MESH:C537038', 'Disease') :: ['wood smoke carcinogens']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: After isolation, the DNA of @entity2235 appeared as a negative supertwist (form I) or as an open circle with at least one single-strand scission (form II). Under the denaturation conditions usually applied, such as heating in the presence of @entity406 or application of alkali, form I molecules could appear as "relaxed" circles without single-strand scissions (form I') containing denatured sites not visible under the electron microscope. Form II molecules, under these denaturation conditions, showed partial or complete strand separations allowing the construction of denaturation maps. By using a modified denaturation procedure, i.e., heating of isolated SV40 DNA in the presence of @entity3733 and @entity406 followed by keeping the DNA in this denaturation solution at room temperature for periods up to 3 weeks, partially denatured relaxed circles without single-strand scissions were produced (form I'D) in addition to completely denatured form II molecules. The absence of single-strand scissions in form I'D molecules was demonstrated by a second heat treatment, which did not change the configuration of this molecular form. Form I'D molecules, in contrast to form I', contained denatured sites clearly discerible under the electron microscope. This combined application of two subsequent denaturation steps (denaturation by heating followed by denaturation at room temperature and neutral pH) showed that the molecular configuration I'D originated in two steps. The heating procedure produced molecules not distinquishable by electron microscopy from form I. In contrast to form I, these molecules were assumed to possess "preformed" denaturation sites (form I). Further treatment of form I molecules with denaturation solution at room temperature finally transformed them into convalently closed, relaxed, partially denatured circles exhibiting strand separations easily measurable on electron micrographs (form I'D). Denaturation maps of form I'D molecules were constructed by computer and compared with denaturation maps derived from partially denatured form II molecules. From these denaturation maps it can be concluded that the melting of base pairs occurring during the transition of @entity2235 DNA form I into form I'D also preferentially happened at sites rich in the bases @entity859 and @entity6244 .

title: Electron microscopy of XXXX DNA configuration under denaturation conditions.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

answer: @entity2235 :: (10633,Species) :: ['simian virus 40']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the pattern of @entity18277 in adults. METHODS: We investigated @entity1 presenting at the Emergency Room, Medical School Hospital, Cumhuriyet University, @entity233 between 1999 and 2003 with complaints of @entity18277 . They were kept under observation in the emergency unit and Anesthesia Department intensive care unit. We evaluated the demographical features of the @entity1 , laboratory data, vital signs, and applied treatment and results. RESULTS: Seventy-eight @entity1 aged between 19-72 (40.27 +/- 16.09) were studied, 52 were females (67%), and 26 were males (33%). It was established that 90% (70) of the @entity1 had picked wild mushrooms, and 67.9% (53) had done so in springtime. Methods of cooking were as follows: 30 @entity1 (38.4%) grilled the mushrooms, 28 @entity1 (35.8%) stir fried, and 20 @entity1 (25.6%) consumed mushrooms uncooked. Onset of symptoms was mostly (43.5%) within the first hour of consumption. The most common (42.3%) symptoms were @entity344 . Upon examining laboratory results, 17.9% revealed variations in hematological parameters, @entity8 in 6 @entity1 (7.6%), @entity811 in 10 @entity1 (12.8%) and 15.3% had primarily elevated liver enzymes. Seventy-four @entity1 (97%) completely recovered and were discharged. However, 2 @entity1 (2.8%) who consumed raw mushrooms died due to @entity879 . There was a 20-year-old @entity1 at week 31 of her first pregnancy who had consumed uncooked wild mushrooms. She developed @entity344 and mild @entity909 within the first half hour. She received quadruple therapy and completely recovered. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicated that the public, as well as the cultivators, were rather unconcerned and uneducated regarding this issue. Efforts aimed at overcoming this problem will decrease the number of @entity18277 cases, will help to save on treatment costs, and more importantly, reduce @entity1 mortality.

title: Emergency room cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in renal functions']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity18277 :: ('MESH:D009145', 'Disease') :: ['mushroom poisoning']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms', 'gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity18277 :: (MESH:D009145,Disease) :: ['mushroom poisoning']


abstract: This study assessed whether donning a garment saturated with @entity4746 and @entity1068 (M/E) can improve evaporative cooling and thermal perceptions versus water (W) or nothing (CON) during low intensity exercise and rest in warm, humid conditions often encountered in recreational/occupational settings. It was hypothesised there would be no difference in rectal (Tre) and skin ( @entity28681 ) temperature, infra-red thermal imagery of the chest/back, thermal comfort (TC) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) between M/E, W and CON, but @entity1 would feel cooler in M/E versus W or CON. METHODS: Six volunteers (mean [SD] 22 [4] years, 72.4 [7.4] kg and 173.6 [3.7] cm) completed (separate days) three, 60-min tests in 30  C, 70%rh, in a balanced order. After 15-min of seated rest @entity1 donned a dry (CON) or 80mL soaked (M/E, W) long sleeve shirt appropriate to their intervention. They then undertook 30-min of low intensity stepping at a rate of 12steps/min on a 22.5cm box, followed by 15-min of seated rest. Measurements included heart rate (HR), Tre, @entity28681 (chest/back/forearm), thermal imaging (back/chest), thermal sensation (TS), TC and RPE. Data were reported every fifth minute as they changed from baseline and the area under the curves were compared by condition using one-way repeated measures ANOVA, with an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: Tre differed by condition, with the largest heat storage response observed in M/E (p<0.05). Skin temperature at the chest/back/forearm, and thermal imaging of the chest all differed by condition, with the greatest rate of heat loss observed in W and M/E respectively (p<0.01). Thermal sensation differed by condition, with the coolest sensations observed in M/E (p<0.001). No other differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Both M/E and W enhanced evaporative cooling compared CON, but M/E causes cooler sensations and a heat storage response, both of which are likely mediated by @entity4746 .

title: The influence of a @entity4746 and XXXX soaked garment on @entity1 temperature regulation and perception during exercise and rest in warm, humid conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: The association between bone and renal function in healthy seniors is not well studied. In this cross-sectional and longitudinal study in 1713 older @entity1 and @entity1 , @entity1011 clearance was significantly associated with hip @entity1555 . If confirmed, this may warrant adding mild to moderate @entity8 as an indication for @entity170 screening. INTRODUCTION: This study determined the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between measures of renal function and @entity1555 , @entity604 , and @entity3604 in older adults. It determined which measure of renal function-- @entity1011 clearance by the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation, estimated glomerular filtration rate by the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) equation, or serum @entity1011 --is most strongly associated with @entity1555 and @entity3604 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and prospective study in older community-dwelling @entity1 and @entity1 . Between 1992 and 1995, 1713 @entity1 (average age, 71.3 +/- 11.1 years) completed standardized questionnaires, physical examinations, laboratory testing, and bone densitometry; 1023 @entity1 returned for a follow-up visit in 1997-1999, an average of 4.1 +/- 0.9 years later. RESULTS: Calculated renal function declined with age (p < 0.001). Renal function was categorized by Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) @entity740 ( @entity740 ) stage. By the CG equation, at baseline, 5.5% of @entity1 had stage 1 @entity740 (glomerular filtration rate > or = 90 ml/min/1.73 m(2)), 43.0% had stage 2 @entity740 (60-89 ml/min/1.73 m(2)), 48.8% had stage 3 @entity740 (30-59 ml/min/1.73 m(2)), and 2.7% had stages 4 and 5 @entity740 (<30 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). Using the @entity8 equation, these percents were 7.0%, 61.7%, 30.9%, and 0.5%, respectively. In cross-sectional analyses, there was a significant linear association between @entity1011 clearance by CG or glomerular filtration rate by @entity8 and hip @entity1555 . In prospective analyses, there was an average annual @entity604 .6% and a significant association between baseline CG and 4-year hip @entity604 . There was no association between baseline @entity8 or serum @entity1011 and @entity604 . At baseline, 180 of 1713 @entity1 (11%) reported at least one clinical @entity174 of the hip, femur, forearm, or wrist; 79 (8%) reported new clinical @entity174 during follow-up. Baseline renal function by any measure was not significantly associated with prevalent or incident clinical @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: Although renal function measured by both CG and @entity8 was associated with @entity1555 in cross-sectional analyses, only @entity1011 clearance by CG predicted 4-year @entity604 . If confirmed, this should be the preferred method for assessing the association between renal function and @entity1555 . Cross-sectional associations between renal function and @entity1555 were strongest at higher @entity740 stage. None of the baseline renal function estimates was associated with prevalent or incident @entity174 , perhaps reflecting the multifactorial etiology of @entity174 beyond @entity1555 . If further studies in the elderly confirm renal function as an important predictor of @entity604 and @entity174 , this may warrant adding mild to moderate @entity8 as an indication for @entity170 screening.

title: Measures of renal function, @entity1555 , @entity604 , and XXXX in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'Modification of Diet in Renal Disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss of 0', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fracture']


abstract: A collaborative, hospital-based case-control study was conducted at 12 participating centres in 10 countries. Based on data from personal interviews of 2,116 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity0 and 12,077 controls, the relative risk of @entity0 in @entity1 who ever used oral contraceptives was estimated to be 1.15 (1.02, 1.29). Estimated values of this relative risk based on data from three developed and seven developing countries were 1.07 (0.91, 1.26) and 1.24 (1.05, 1.47) respectively; these estimates are not significantly different (P = 0.22). Estimates for @entity1 under and over age 35 were 1.26 (0.95, 1.66) and 1.12 (0.98, 1.27), respectively, and these estimates are also not significantly different (P = 0.38). Risk was highest in recent and current users and declined with time since last use regardless of use. Risk did not increase with duration of use after stratifying on time since last use. Risk did not increase significantly with increasing duration of use before age 25 or before a first live birth. However, a relative risk of 1.5 that was of borderline statistical significance was observed in @entity1 who used oral contraceptives for more than 2 years before age 25. No single source of bias or confounding was identified that could explain the small increases in risk that were observed. Chance alone is also an unlikely explanation. The results could be due to a combination of chance and potential sources of bias, or they could represent a weak causal relationship.

title: XXXX and combined oral contraceptives: results from a multinational study. The WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1920 kinase 2 (AK2) is a phosphotransferase that catalyzes the reversible reaction 2 @entity857 ( @entity3006 )     @entity855 (GTP)   +   @entity860 and influences cellular energy homeostasis. However, the role of AK2 in regulating cell proliferation remains unclear because AK2 has been reported to be involved in either cell proliferation or cell apoptosis in different cell types of various organisms. RESULTS: This study reports AK2 promotion of cell proliferation using the lepidopteran insect @entity13708 and its epidermal cell line HaEpi as models. Western blot analysis indicates that AK2 constitutively expresses in various tissues during larval development. Immunocytochemistry analysis indicates that AK2 localizes in the mitochondria. The recombinant expressed AK2 in @entity526 promotes cell growth and viability of HaEpi cell line by @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay. AK2 knockdown in larvae by RNA interference causes larval growth defects, including body weight decrease and development delay. AK2 knockdown in larvae also decreases the number of circulating haemocytes. The mechanism for such effects might be the suppression of gene transcription involved in insect development caused by AK2 knockdown. CONCLUSION: These results show that AK2 regulates cell growth, viability, and proliferation in insect growth and development.

title: XXXX kinase 2 (AK2) promotes cell proliferation in insect development.

entities_list: @entity13708 :: ('29058', 'Species') :: ['Helicoverpa armigera']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenylate']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

answer: @entity1920 :: (CHEBI:16027,Chemical) :: ['Adenylate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a recognized technique for the bone lengthening and correction of various mandibular deformities. It has an aided advantage of both osteogenesis and histiogenesis in achieving a bone supported mandibular ridge covered with attached gingiva, forming an appropriate vestibule. AIM: The aim of this study was to present our clinical experience in using transport DO technique (TDO) for treating mandibular bony defects following @entity5 ablation in both benign and @entity5 cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of @entity1 who underwent mandibular TDO for the correction of mandibular segmental defect at authors' center from 2000 to 2014 with the inclusion criteria of segmental bony defect in the mandible with moderate soft tissue defect. After the latency period of 10 days, the distraction was initiated at a rate of 0.25-1 mm/day. The distraction period continued until the segment with the transport disc reached the distal base. The total consolidation periods ranged from 6 to 14 weeks. RESULTS: The study group consists of 9 cases of TDO for reconstruction of segmental defect following @entity5 resection, of which 5 cases of benign and 4 cases of @entity5 resection. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) bony defect length was 48 mm (9.8). The mean (SD) distracted bone lengthening was 43 mm (9.7), with a mean (SD) consolidation period of 17.9 (3.4) weeks. The bony defect involved the hemimandibular angle in four @entity1 , hemimandibular body in three @entity1 , with greater involvement of the body, symphysis in two @entity1 , and of the bilateral mandibular body in two @entity1 . Except for two @entity1 who required additional bone grafting to complete union with the residual bone, other seven @entity1 in the distraction zone showed the complete ossification by radiological evaluation. The mean (SD) consolidation period of 13.56 (1.5) weeks ranging from 12-15 weeks with the mean (SD) follow-up years is about 8.7 years (2.95) for the cases. Out of the 9 cases, one case had recurrence in the follow-up period and underwent resection with reconstruction using reconstruction plate in the created bone. The overall success rate of TDO was 88.9% (8 out of 9) in spite of adequate case selection and TDO protocol. CONCLUSIONS: TDO potentially benefits @entity1 with @entity1347 following @entity5 ablation in mandible. It is an unswerving tool to achieve sufficient bone in mandible in @entity1 who cannot undergo aggressive surgery or poor general health. Bone resorption remains a critical issue for this reconstruction technique, though blood supply is continuously maintained in TDO.

title: Total reconstruction of mandible by transport distraction after complete resection for benign and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental bony defects']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumors']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity7087 ( @entity7087 , @entity2631 ) exhibit a variety of @entity1200 . To verify whether the @entity8 of such @entity1 might be mediated by an immunologic mechanism, kidney tissues of 16 @entity1 with @entity7087 were investigated by means of fluorescence, light, and electron microscopy; elution of tissue-bound antibody; and fixation of heterologous ( @entity840 ) complement. Controls consisted of 12 nonsclerodermatous @entity1 with similar levels of @entity101 with no evidence of associated @entity1200 . @entity455 of immunoglobulins (predominantly IgM) and/or complement (predominantly Clq) were found in all 16 @entity1 with @entity7087 . These deposits were bound to the intima of intralobular and arcuate arteries which, by light microscopy, often exhibited typical fibromucinous alterations. Elution of antibody and heterologous complement fixation studies suggested that such reactants may represent the interaction of complement-fixing antibody and antigen. Electron microscopies studies demonstrated abundant fibrillar and ground substance material in the arterial intima but features of deposited (circulating) immune complexes were not found. By contrast, in the @entity101 (control) group, deposits of immunoglobulin (s) and/or complement were rare and, when present, were mostly confined to the arterioles. As judged by the results of elution and heterologous complement fixation, these arteriolar deposits appeared to represent trapped rather than specifically bound serum proteins. The possible signficance of these findings are discussed in relation to immunologic mechanisms which might be implicated in the pathogenesis of the @entity8 of @entity7087 .

title: Immunopathology of the @entity8 of XXXX ( @entity2631 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vascular disease', 'renal vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse vascular deposits']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['progressive systemic sclerosis', 'PSS']

answer: @entity7087 :: (MESH:D045743,Disease) :: ['progressive systemic sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reports on percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) for bowel decompression have included a relatively small number of @entity1 and the details of post-procedural outcomes and complications are lacking. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes and safety of @entity970 for bowel decompression in a relatively large number of @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Over a 10-year period, 76 @entity1 with @entity5 were referred to the main referral @entity5 center in Shizuoka prefecture for @entity970 to obtain decompression. The method for gastrostomy was carried out by the pull-method, the modified introducer method and the percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy method. @entity1 demographics, procedural success, complications, elimination of nasal intubation, and survival were reviewed. RESULTS: Successful placement was achieved in 93% of @entity1 (71/76). Procedure-related complications occurred in 21% ofpatients (15/71), of which the majority involved @entity2680 (eight @entity1 ), and wound @entity281 (six @entity1 ). There were no procedure-related @entity204 . Among the 55 @entity1 who required nasal intubation before @entity970 , a trans-gastrostomy intestinal tube was inserted in 16 @entity1 . The need for further nasal intubation was eliminated in 96% of the @entity1 (53/55). The median survival time was 63 days (range, 8-444 days) after @entity970 placement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity970 for bowel decompression in @entity1 with @entity5 can be carried out with an acceptable risk of minor complications. In combination with a trans-gastrostomy intestinal tube insertion, the elimination of nasal intubation can be achieved in most @entity1 .

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for decompression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2680 :: ('MESH:D003763', 'Disease') :: ['stomal leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bowel obstruction', 'cancer', 'malignant obstruction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant bowel obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Esophageal stenting has become an important technique in the treatment of different clinical problems such as @entity5 , @entity834 after surgery, or @entity292 . In this study we present our experience with the self-expanding Polyflex plastic stent in various indications, arising complications, and @entity1 's outcomes. METHODS: Over a three-year period, 35 @entity1 underwent self-expanding Polyflex plastic stent placement for @entity3332 (n = 23) with 22 malignant, and for perforations, @entity292 , or @entity834 after surgery (n = 12). The short-term efficacy and long-term outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity850 , implantation was performed without any complications in 91% (21/23). In one @entity1 perforation occurred while passing the @entity850 ; in another @entity1 the stent dislocated during the insertion procedure. @entity1282 score improved from 3.0 to 1.0 after stenting. In all @entity1 with perforations, @entity292 , or @entity834 (n = 12), stents were placed successfully without any complication. @entity33 was proven by radiography in 92% (n = 11) and healing was seen in 42% (n = 5). If indicated, stent removal was performed without any complications. Stent migration (n = 13; 37%) was the most common long-term complication. CONCLUSIONS: The placement of self-expanding Polyflex plastic stents is a highly sufficient and cost-effective treatment for @entity1208 . Because the long-term results were highly favorable, self-expanding plastic stent placement could be used as the initial treatment for various conditions.

title: Self-expanding Polyflex plastic stents in XXXX : various indications, complications, and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant or benign stenosis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Complete sealing of the mucosal defect']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['malignant and benign esophageal disorders']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1208 :: (MESH:D004935,Disease) :: ['esophageal disease']


abstract: During 25 years (1960 to 1984), 657 @entity1 (aged 22 to 91, mean 66 years) were operated on for @entity189 (squamous cell, n = 230; @entity420 , n = 399; anaplastic, n = 28) of the thoracic esophagus (n = 347) or @entity356 (n = 310). Esophagogastrectomy was accomplished in 514 @entity1 , of whom 94% (n = 481) had an "inkwell" esophagogastrostomy performed. The hospital mortality rate (less than or equal to 30 days) was 19% and the 5-year cumulative survival rate was 9% +/- 1% (standard error). A Cox regression analysis enabled a detailed risk stratification of the @entity1 . T, N, and M class and age were the strongest predictor variables. The general status of the @entity1 , including @entity358 , also had a strong prognostic influence. Eight risk groups were identified having 1-year and 5-year survival rates of 71%/41% (n = 35), 69%/24% (n = 80), 47%/11% (n = 125), 30%/6% (n = 139), 12%/0% (n = 105), 6%/0% (n = 71), 2%/0% (n = 57), and 0%/0% (n = 45) (p less than 0.0001). Hospital mortality (from 6% to 42%) and complication rates increased significantly from the low-risk to high-risk groups. Comparisons with survival rates of background populations matched to each of the first four risk groups indicated that the benefit of surgical treatment may be underestimated if only @entity1 survivals are judged. Use of modern endoscopic and noninvasive tests may yield a reliable @entity2802 classification without surgical exploration. Given the extremely poor prognostic outlook together with high hospital mortality and complication rates of the four last risk groups, an aggressive surgical approach with resection whenever possible can no longer be regarded rational. Selection for surgical treatment should be based on a detailed risk estimation that takes into account both @entity2802 classification and general @entity1 status.

title: Risk stratification and long-term results after surgical treatment of XXXX . A 25-year retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cardia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas of the thoracic esophagus and cardia']


abstract: PURPOSE: In 1984, the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program began a trial in which @entity1 with resectable @entity957 of the larynx were randomized to receive standard surgery followed by radiation therapy or to receive neoadjuvant therapy with @entity900 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) followed by radiation therapy for those achieving a greater than 50% @entity5 response to chemotherapy. This analysis reviews the @entity5 responses, @entity137 , compliance, and long-term survival for those @entity1 randomized to the chemotherapy arm. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred sixty-six @entity1 were randomized to the chemotherapy arm. Standard @entity5 response data, chemotherapy @entity137 , and survival have been examined using standard statistical methods. RESULTS: The high response rates and acceptable @entity137 to @entity900 and @entity1487 of previously untreated @entity1 were confirmed. Long-term disease-free survival was more likely to occur in @entity1 who achieved a complete response to chemotherapy, particularly in those who had a confirmed histologic response to chemotherapy. Pretreatment histologic growth patterns were highly predictive of responses to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was well tolerated and did not negatively affect the definitive treatment that followed. The survival of nonresponding @entity1 who underwent prompt salvage surgery was also not impaired. The role of organ preservation should be explored in other head and neck sites.

title: @entity5 response, @entity137 , and survival after neoadjuvant organ-preserving chemotherapy for advanced laryngeal carcinoma. The Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Laryngeal Cancer']


abstract: The @entity137 and horizontal transfer of a new formulation of @entity276 , 0.5% @entity276 dust, was tested against @entity2442 Shiraki in the laboratory. The formulation was applied in three different ways: 1) Directly applied to termites (donors) and mixed with untreated termites (recipients) at three ratios, viz., 50 donors: 50 recipients, 20 donors: 80 recipients and 10 donors: 90 recipients. 2) Applied onto the surface of 3 mm thick sand or soil substrate in a petri dish and then topped with another 3 mm thick sand or soil layer whereupon termites were released. 3) Applied to the inner surface of a tube (either 5 cm or 15 cm long) that connected two foraging dishes, one containing dry sand and the other moist sand plus a @entity616 and termites were released into the dry sand dish. All donors and >93% of the recipients were dead by 42 h after treatment in the direct treatment experiment. Significant mortalities of both donors and recipients were observed at 5 h after treatment at all donor: recipient ratios. During this period, the mortality of the recipients (but not donors) at 10:90 was significantly lower than those at the other two ratios. All termites were dead at 65 @entity926 ( @entity926 ) on the sand treatment and at 190 @entity926 on soil treatment. More than 96% mortality was observed at 40 @entity926 on the sand treatment as compared with only 6% mortality onsoil treatment during the same time period. In the tube treatment experiment, > 97% mortality was observed at 90 h after release for both tube lengths as compared with < 3% mortality in controls. About half of the termites were dead by 15 h after release regardless of the tube length. Our results showed that 0.5% @entity276 dust is nonrepellent and readily transferred from treated to nontreated termites.

title: XXXX and horizontal transfer of 0.5% @entity276 dust against @entity2442 .

entities_list: @entity276 :: ('MESH:C082360', 'Chemical') :: ['fipronil']

entities_list: @entity2442 :: ('36987', 'Species') :: ['Coptotermes formosanus']

entities_list: @entity926 :: ('MESH:C537268', 'Disease') :: ['HAE', 'h after exposure']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['wood block']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: The effects of @entity8021 , @entity969 , or @entity10806 intake on @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 (MIA) were examined in 40 adult male Long-Evans @entity35 . @entity35 were tested for MIA on a tail-flick apparatus following acute (5-h) and chronic (3-wk) intake of a 0.15% @entity8021 solution, a 32% @entity969 solution, a 33.68% @entity10806 solution, or water. During the chronic phase, all @entity35 were given a choice between the test solution and water. @entity1286 was administered according to a cumulative dosing procedure beginning with 2.5 mg/kg @entity1286 . The same dose was administered every 30 min. Tail-flick latencies were measured immediately prior to injections and 30 min following each injection. After acute intake of flavored solutions or water, there were no differences in MIA as a function of diet. However, after drinking the flavored solutions or water for three weeks @entity35 drinking @entity10806 or @entity969 showed significantly enhanced MIA relative to @entity35 drinking @entity8021 . @entity35 drinking @entity10806 also showed enhanced MIA relative to @entity35 drinking water. Comparison between the acute and chronic phases of the study demonstrated that tolerance to @entity1286 's analgesic effects did not develop in @entity35 drinking @entity10806 or @entity969 , but did develop in @entity35 drinking @entity8021 or water. The results support the hypothesis that, in addition to palatability, the nutritive value of flavored solutions influences MIA.

title: Beyond sweet taste: @entity8021 , @entity969 , and XXXX differ in their effects upon @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 .

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine sulfate', 'morphine']

answer: @entity10806 :: (MESH:D005936,Chemical) :: ['polycose']


abstract: Activation of the @entity2339 can @entity308 the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. Male quail cloacal gland (CG) size and foam production shows @entity342 dependency, and males selected for exaggerated [ @entity1642 ( @entity1642 )] rather than reduced [low stress (LS)] plasma @entity2819 (B) stress response exhibit reduced CG and testes development. High stress hens also deposit more B into egg yolks than LS ones, and quail hens given B produce chicks that have a reduced growth rate and adults with heightened HPA responsiveness. Herein, we gave LS and @entity1642 hens no B [empty implants, control (CON)] or B-filled implants and assessed the reproductive performances of these hens and their male offspring. Mortality was similarly elevated in LS and @entity1642 B-treated hens, but only @entity1642 B-implanted hens showed reduced egg production. In male offspring, CG volume (CVOL), intensity of CG foam production (CFP), and the proportion of individuals that produced CG foam were measured from 4 to 11 wk of age. At 6 wk, BW, and at 15 wk, BW, @entity353 ( @entity353 ), and @entity353 relative to BW were also determined. Hen treatments did not affect male @entity1573 CVOL at 4 wk, but CVOL differed thereafter as follows: LS CON > LS B = @entity1642 CON = @entity1642 B at 5 and 6 wk and LS CON > LS B > @entity1642 CON = @entity1642 B from 7 to 11 wk. By 8 wk, and thereafter, CFP differed as follows: LS CON > LS B > @entity1642 CON > @entity1642 B. Group differences in the proportion of individuals that produced CG foam generally supported CFP findings from 4 to 8 wk of age. Body weight did not differ by treatment at 6 wk of age. By 15 wk, @entity353 were similarly depressed in both @entity1642 groups. However, similarly higher 15-wk BW in the LS-CON and @entity1642 -B groups contributed to @entity353 relative to BW differences as follows: LS-B > LS-CON > @entity1642 -B; LS-CON = @entity1642 -CON; LS-B > @entity1642 -CON; and, @entity1642 -CON = @entity1642 -B. Both selection for exaggerated HPA responsiveness and maternal B treatment negatively affected the reproductive function of @entity1642 male offspring.

title: Maternal XXXX further reduces the reproductive function of male offspring hatched from eggs laid by quail hens selected for exaggerated adrenocortical stress responsiveness.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['testes weight', 'TWT']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'high stress']

answer: @entity2819 :: (MESH:D003345,Chemical) :: ['corticosterone']


abstract: Serum or plasma levels of Lp(a) vary widely between individuals and are higher in Africans and their descendants compared with white @entity1 . In whites, high serum levels of Lp(a) are associated with the premature development of @entity731 . In both ethnic groups, serum Lp(a) levels are highly genetically determined and only a few environmental or physiological factors, like @entity251 or @entity172 , have been shown to lower serum Lp(a) levels. In whites, @entity167 consumption is associated with lower serum Lp(a) levels. However, the mechanism underlying this association and whether it holds true for blacks is not known. To address these questions, we analyzed serum Lp(a) levels in 333 middle-aged males of African descent from the Seychelles Islands (Indian Ocean). In addition, we analyzed the size of the apo(a) isoforms and the serum levels of albumin and sex hormones in a subset of 279 subjects. Serum Lp(a) levels were similar in teetotalers (median, 32.5 mg/dL; n=42) and occasional drinkers (median, 34.1 mg/dL; n=112). In contrast, individuals consuming 10 to 80 g of @entity1068 /d (n=83) and heavy drinkers (>80 g of @entity1068 /d, n=96) had a 9% and 32% lower median Lp(a) level than teetotalers, respectively (P=0.01). The size distribution of the apo(a) isoforms and the mean serum levels of albumin, @entity53 , and luteinizing hormone were similar in teetotalers and occasional drinkers compared with moderate and heavy drinkers. These latter 2 groups had lower serum levels of @entity251 and sex hormone-binding globulin. These data indicate that @entity167 intake is associated in a dose-dependent manner with lower serum Lp(a) levels in males of African descent and that this association is not related to the size of the apo(a) isoforms, to the synthetic function of the liver, or to sex hormone biochemical status.

title: Dose-dependent inverse relationship between XXXX consumption and serum Lp(a) levels in black African males.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']