abstract: Infectious complications are the most frequent and severe complications of @entity656 ( @entity656 ) with a mortality rate up to 80%. Although experimental and clinical studies suggest that the microbiologic source of @entity788 could be enteric, information in this regard is scant. This study evaluated bacterial translocation (BT) using mild and severe models of @entity656 . Mild @entity656 was induced by 6-hr continuous intravenous infusion of cerulein, while severe @entity656 was induced by additional infusion of @entity23222 into the biliopancreatic duct. BT was evaluated with organ cultures performed when animals were killed (24 hr). To confirm the gastrointestinal origin of the translocating microorganisms, fluorescent microspheres were also given to the animals in drinking water 24 hr before induction of @entity656 . At the time of death beads were counted with a (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) (FACS) in peritoneal lavages and with fluorescent microscopy in frozen sections of the pancreata. Morphology of the distal small bowel showed significant changes in the animals with @entity656 compared to controls, such as reduction of villus high and altered microvasculature. Mild @entity656 induced BT to the pancreas in 100% of the animals, compared to pancreata from control groups. Severe @entity656 induced increased BT to the pancreas. BT to liver and spleen was also significantly increased with @entity656 . The presence of fluorescent microspheres confirmed their enteric derivation. This study provides evidence for the enteric origin of microorganisms responsible for @entity660 during @entity656 . The evidence of BT after laparotomy suggests an increased risk of infections with the association of these conditions. This could provide an explanation for the high mortality associated with laparotomy in course of @entity656 .

title: Acute XXXX and bacterial translocation.

entities_list: @entity23222 :: ('MESH:D006002', 'Chemical') :: ['glycodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic infection']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute narcotizing pancreatitis', 'AP']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2704 ( @entity2704 ) and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) are disabling conditions that may be only partially managed with conservative treatments. @entity129 ( @entity129 ) is an innovative treatment for @entity2794 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate the safety and efficacy of @entity129 for @entity2704 and @entity10 @entity1 and to evaluate changes in disability, quality of life, and @entity734 in implanted @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized cross-over study. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 who responded to a stimulation trial underwent device implantation and were randomized to "Stimulation On" and "Stimulation Off" arms. @entity1 crossed over after one month, or when their @entity10 worsened. Stimulation was then switched On for all @entity1 . Disability as measured by the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), quality of life (SF-36), and @entity734 ( @entity1 's diary) were assessed over a one-year follow-up. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 (76% @entity1 , 34% @entity1 , mean age: 46    11 years) were enrolled; 30 were randomized and 29 completed the study. @entity10 intensity and frequency were significantly lower in the On arm than in the Off arm (p < 0.05) and decreased from the baseline to each follow-up visit in all @entity1 with Stimulation On (median MIDAS A and B scores: baseline = 70 and 8; one-year follow-up = 14 and 5, p < 0.001). Quality of life significantly improved (p < 0.05) during the study. Triptans and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use fell dramatically from the baseline (20 and 25.5 doses/month) to each follow-up visit (3 and 2 doses/month at one year, p < 0.001). A total of 5 adverse events occurred: 2 infections and 3 lead migrations. LIMITATIONS: Single-centre study, relatively small number of @entity1 , absence of a control group. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results obtained, @entity129 appears to be a safe and effective treatment for   carefully selected @entity2704 and @entity10 @entity1 .

title: @entity129 for chronic XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['Occipital nerve stimulation', 'ONS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Chronic migraine']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['headache disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['medication overuse headache', 'Headache', 'MOH', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug intake']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diets rich in whole-grain cereals and foods with a low glycemic index may protect against @entity164 2 @entity6 , but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to test whether 2 different @entity1735 modifications--a rye-pasta diet characterized by a low postprandial insulin response and an oat- @entity3505 - @entity415 diet characterized by a high postprandial insulin response--affect gene expression in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) in @entity1 with the @entity209 . DESIGN: We assessed the effect of @entity1735 modification on @entity1386 gene expression in 47 subjects [24 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 with a mean (+/-SD) age of 55 +/- 6 y] with the features of the @entity209 in a parallel study design. The subjects had a mean (+/-SD) body mass index (kg/m(2)) of 32.1 +/- 3.8 and a 2-h plasma @entity413 concentration of 8.0 +/- 2.3 mmol/L. Adipose tissue biopsies were performed, and oral- @entity413 -tolerance tests and other biochemical measurements were conducted before and after the intervention. RESULTS: We detected 71 down-regulated genes in the rye-pasta group, including genes linked to insulin signaling and apoptosis. In contrast, the 12-wk oat- @entity3505 - @entity415 diet up-regulated 62 genes related to stress, cytokine-chemokine-mediated immunity, and the interleukin pathway. The insulinogenic index improved after the rye-pasta diet (P=0.004) but not after the oat- @entity3505 - @entity415 diet. Body weight was unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary @entity1735 modification with rye and pasta or oat, @entity3505 , and @entity415 differentially modulates the gene expression profile in abdominal @entity1386 , even in the absence of @entity353 .

title: Dietary @entity1735 modification induces alterations in gene expression in abdominal @entity1386 in @entity1 with the XXXX : the FUNGENUT Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'SAT']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: In response to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus @entity5 @entity39 factor alpha, cord blood @entity2280 + hematopoietic progenitor cells differentiate along two unrelated dendritic cell (DC) pathways: (1) the Langerhans cells (LCs), which are characterized by the expression of @entity4896 , Birbeck granules, the Lag antigen, and @entity5962 ; and (2) @entity5750 + cell-derived DCs, characterized by the expression of @entity4896 , @entity6460 , @entity469 , @entity3138 , and @entity21939 (Caux et al, J Exp Med 184:695, 1996). The present study investigates the functions of each population. Although the two populations are equally potent in stimulating naive @entity1195 RA cord blood T cells through apparently identical mechanisms, each also displays specific activities. In particular @entity5750 -derived DCs show a potent and long-lasting (from day 8 to day 13) antigen uptake activity ( @entity2822 dextran or peroxidase) that is about 10-fold higher than that of @entity4896 + cells, which is restricted to the immature stage (day 6). The antigen capture is exclusively mediated by receptors for @entity3913 polymers. The high efficiency of antigen capture of @entity5750 -derived cells is coregulated with the expression of nonspecific esterase activity, a tracer of lysosomial compartment. In contrast, the @entity4896 + population never expresses nonspecific esterase activity. The most striking difference is the unique capacity of @entity5750 -derived DCs to induce naive B cells to differentiate into IgM-secreting cells, in response to @entity2936 triggering and @entity1199 . Thus, although the two populations can allow T-cell priming, initiation of humoral responses might be preferentially regulated by the @entity5750 -derived DCs. Altogether, those results show that different pathways of DC development might exist in vivo: (1) the LC type, which might be mainly involved in cellular immune responses, and (2) the @entity5750 -derived DC related to dermal DCs or circulating blood DCs, which could be involved in humoral immune responses.

title: @entity2280 + hematopoietic progenitors from human cord blood differentiate along two independent dendritic cell pathways in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus XXXX @entity39 factor alpha: II. Functional analysis.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features and expression of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity16663 . METHODS: Forty-two cases of @entity16663 operated at the Beijing Union Medical College Hospital during the period from July, 2001 to July, 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemical study for @entity470 and @entity7 was carried out. The clinical information and follow-up data were analyzed. RESULTS: The cases included 21 @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ) and 21 @entity822 ( @entity822 ). Nine @entity1 suffered from @entity1368 , including 8 cases with @entity822 and 1 case with @entity1636 . The average @entity5 size, @entity5 weight, and duration between disease onset and diagnosis in the 21 cases of @entity1636 were 11.7 cm, 542 g and 8.5 months, respectively. This was in contrast to 3 cm, 9.8 g and 45.6 months, respectively in cases of @entity822 . Histologically, the WEISS score in all the 21 cases of @entity822 was  <= 2 (average = 0.9). None of the @entity1636 cases had score less than 4 (average = 6.6). The presence of sinus invasion correlated with @entity5 @entity3 (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical study showed that @entity470 was expressed in 61.9% of @entity1636 @entity1 (13/21), whereas @entity470 staining was mostly negative in @entity822 (except for weak staining in 5 cases and moderate staining in 1 case). The difference of @entity470 expression between @entity1636 and @entity822 was statistically significant (P = 0.030). On the other hand, the positive rate of @entity7 in @entity1636 was 71.4% (15/21), including 28.6% (6/21) with strong expression and 28.6% (6/21) with moderate expression. In contrast, the expression rate of @entity7 in @entity822 was 30.0% (7/21), including 14.3% (3/21) with moderate expression. The difference of @entity7 expression between @entity1636 and @entity822 was statistically significant (P = 0.013). There was correlation between @entity7 expression and venous invasion (P = 0.028). The average duration of survival in @entity1 with @entity1636 was shorter than that in @entity822 . The @entity5 weight in @entity1636 also correlated with prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor size, weight and presence of endocrine symptoms may help in the differential diagnosis between @entity1636 and @entity822 . A WEISS score of >=  3 highly suggests @entity1636 . The presence of sinus invasion is associated with @entity3 . @entity470 or @entity7 expression may also be important in differentiating @entity1636 from @entity822 .

title: [Clinicopathologic features and expression of XXXX and @entity7 in @entity16663 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical tumors']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'adrenocortical carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical adenomas', 'ACA']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['primary aldosterone syndrome']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: @entity2 is the commonest malignant @entity5 and is increasing in incidence by 2% a year. In 90% of diagnosed cases, it is associated with @entity286 product consumption. It is the greatest cause of mortality among @entity5 types in Brazil. Knowledge of @entity1 psychological representations is needed for evaluating treatments and educating @entity1 . The aim here was to interpret how smokers with @entity2 interpret the possible causes of their illness and to understand their perceptions regarding cigarette use. DESIGN AND SETTING: Clinical-qualitative study (exploratory, non-experimental) at the @entity358 Service, General Hospital, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. METHODS: An intentional small sample of @entity5 inpatients was recruited. The group was closed with 11 subjects, following attainment of data saturation from interviews. These interviews were semi-directed, with in-depth open-ended questions on interviewees observations, applied in a confidential setting using a tape recorder. Interviewees responses were categorized using qualitative content analysis and the results were assessed using interdisciplinary theoretical concepts, particularly from medical psychology. RESULTS: Six males and five females aged between 46 and 68 years who presented diverse clinical conditions were interviewed. CONCLUSIONS: A broader approach towards the psychological comprehension of such @entity1 is needed, considering that cigarette consumption involves conscious and unconscious motivations, sociocultural and educational factors, the glamour of @entity286 advertising, and problems with psychophysical @entity734 . Such an approach would avoid the perception among @entity1 that the healthcare team are "inquisitors". This would lead to better adherence to treatment and better quality of life.

title: Cigarette smokers views on their habit and the causes of their illness following XXXX diagnosis: a clinical-qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary Disease']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated survival after extended surgery in @entity1 with @entity1149 and the effects of induction therapy on results and complications. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between April 1987 and March 1998, 127 @entity1 with pathological T3 (pT3) or T4 (pT4) @entity1149 underwent extended surgery combined with resection of neighboring organs. Of these, 35 received induction therapy. In the remaining 92, surgery preceded other therapy. Long-term results and @entity260 were analyzed and compared between the @entity1 with and without induction therapy. RESULTS: Overall 5-year survival after extended surgery was 37%. Five-year survival rates in the pT3 was 41% and that in the pT4 group 28% (p = 0.030). Five-year survival rate in the pN0-1 was 46% and that in the pN2-3 group 26% (p = 0.003). No significant difference was observed in survival curves between @entity1 with and without induction therapy. Induction therapy responders showed better survival than nonresponders. To prevent @entity260 due to @entity292 , we prophylactically covered the bronchial stump using autologous tissue in 31 induction therapy @entity1 , and no mortality due to complications was seen in this group. CONCLUSION: Long-term survival after extended surgery was observed in pT3 and pT4 @entity1 , especially among those with a pN0-1 status. Induction therapy responders may be considered good candidates for extended surgery because of the favorable prognosis in contrast to that for nonresponders.

title: XXXX after extended surgery for @entity1149 . A retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fatal complications', 'postoperative respiratory complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Survival and postoperative complications']


abstract: AIM: @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) can be used to relieve malignant @entity14 . The stent serves as a palliative measure for high-risk @entity1 or those with unresectable @entity5 on subsequent workup. For low-risk @entity1 with resectable disease, @entity1702 serves as a safe and effective bridge to subsequent laparoscopic surgery. METHODS: From August 2009 to April 2012 we have treated with @entity1702 39 @entity1 , 20 of whom with palliative purpose; 19 @entity1 are treated with @entity1702 for bridge to surgery, out of these @entity1 , 8 were @entity1 , 11 @entity1 with median age of 61.4 years (range 36-81 years). Technical success, defined as a successful stent placement and deployment in the stricture site, was achieved for 39/40 @entity1 (97.5%). The average duration of the procedure was about 60 minutes (range 15-120). RESULTS: Clinical success was achieved for all the 39 @entity1 , 19 of these could be subjected to bowel preparation and colon resection after 25 days from the positioning. No colostomy was performed. Among @entity1 undergoing the procedure, perforation occurred in 1 case. CONCLUSION: In summary, the colonic stent placement is a complex method that needs qualified medical-nursing team, able to solve any difficult situation, such as the severe, irregular and distal obstruction. @entity1702 positioning guarantees a high percentage of clinical and technical success; however it is necessary to pay attention to the risk of @entity29 .

title: [ XXXX as bridge-to-surgery in acute bowel obstruction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['complications like bowel perforation']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['Self expandable metal stent', 'SEMS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal obstruction']

answer: @entity1702 :: (MESH:D013651,Disease) :: ['Self expandable metal stent']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2828 and peripheral @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are rare @entity5 and closely related. They occur most often in @entity1 and adolescents. Few studies have been published on treatment outcome in adult @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of @entity1 aged >16 years who were primarily treated at our university hospital for @entity2828 or @entity5 . In general, treatment consisted of long-term multiagent chemotherapy, interrupted by individualised local treatment consisting of surgery and/or radiotherapy. We reviewed clinical features and outcomes to present our experience with @entity2828 and @entity5 in adults. RESULTS: From 1979 to 2002, 27 @entity1 with @entity2828 (20) or @entity5 (7) were treated. There were 22 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 , with a median age of 25 years (range 17-49). Ten @entity1 presented with metastases predominantly in lungs (4) or bones (6). Combination therapy consisted of chemotherapy (27), surgery (16) and radiotherapy (16). After a median follow-up of ten years, 14 @entity1 have died ( @entity137 = 2, progressive disease = 12) and 13 @entity1 are alive and free of disease. Five-year overall survival was 58%. All four @entity1 with bone metastases died, while all five @entity1 presenting with lung metastases are disease-free. CONCLUSION: The five-year overall survival of 58% in this small series on adult @entity1 is in line with paediatric study outcomes. @entity1 with lung metastases may even be cured by multimodality therapy. We therefore strongly advocate referral of @entity1 with this rare disease to a specialised oncology centre.

title: @entity2828 and primitive XXXX in adults: single-centre experience in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['PNET', 'tumours', 'primitive neuroectodermal tumours']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroectodermal tumour']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our goal was to investigate the fate of intramural @entity1410 of the aorta. METHOD: In 32 @entity1 with intramural @entity1410 of the aorta, we reviewed CT (n = 32) and MR (n = 22) findings. The diagnosis was established by CT, and regular follow-up studies were performed. RESULTS: All intramural @entity1410 decreased in size. @entity1066 -like projections (ULPs) were identified at the initial study in 6 @entity1 and during the follow-up period in 14 @entity1 . The ULPs progressed to @entity439 in 12 @entity1 (mean 47.0 days), while @entity439 developed in 6 @entity1 (mean 347.7 days) without ULP. In two @entity1 , the affected aorta progressed to overt aortic dissection. CONCLUSION: Intramural @entity1410 itself usually decreases in size. However, the affected aorta can progress to @entity439 or overt aortic dissection. Development of @entity439 from ULPs can be considered an early complication. In cases without ULP, @entity439 may develop as a late complication. All intramural @entity1410 need to be followed since it seems to be difficult to predict the exact fate of intramural @entity1410 from the initial imaging findings.

title: Fate of intramural XXXX of the aorta: CT evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['saccular aneurysm', 'fusiform aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: The kinetic properties of main and subconductance states of a mutant @entity19 @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor channel were examined. Recombinant receptors made of zeta-epsilon 2 ( @entity42754 - @entity42756 ) subunits having @entity2734 -to- @entity1160 mutations in the M2 segment (zeta @entity43743 /epsilon 2 @entity43744 ) were expressed in @entity1238 oocytes. Single channel currents recorded from outside-out patches were analyzed using hidden Markov model techniques. In @entity141 -free solutions, an open receptor channel occupies a main conductance (93 pS) and a subconductance (62 pS) with about equal probability. There are both brief and long-lived subconductance states, but only a single main level state. At -80 mV, the lifetime of the main and the longer-lived sub level are both approximately 3.3 ms. The gating of the pore and the transition between conductance levels are essentially independent processes. Surprisingly, hyperpolarization speeds both the sub-to-main and main-to-sub transition rate constants (approximately 120 mV/e-fold change), but does not alter the equilibrium occupancies. Extracellular @entity141 does not influence the transition rate constants. We conclude that the subconductance levels arise from fluctuations in the energetics of ion permeation through a single pore, and that the voltage dependence of these fluctuations reflects the modulation by the membrane potential of the barrier between the main and subconductance conformations of the pore.

title: Subconductance states of a mutant XXXX receptor channel kinetics, calcium, and voltage dependence.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 during general anesthesia is a significant source of morbidity for @entity1 and a source of liability for anesthesiologists. To identify recurrent patterns of injury, the authors analyzed claims for airway injury in the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Closed Claims Project database. METHODS: The ASA Closed Claims database is a standardized collection of case summaries derived from professional liability insurance companies closed claims files. All claims for airway injury were reviewed in depth and were compared to other claims during general anesthesia. RESULTS: Approximately 6% (266) of 4,460 claims in the database were for airway injury. The most frequent sites of injury were the larynx (33%), pharynx (19%), and esophagus (18%). Injuries to the esophagus and @entity825 were more frequently associated with difficult intubation. Injuries to temporomandibular joint and the larynx were more frequently associated with nondifficult intubation. Injuries to the esophagus were more severe and resulted in a higher payment to the plaintiff than claims for other sites of airway injury. Difficult intubation (odds ratio = 4.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.36, 8.71), age older than 60 yr (odds ratio = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.51, 5.87), and female gender (odds ratio = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.09, 5.42) were associated with claims for pharyngoesophageal perforation. Early signs of perforation, e.g., pneumothorax and @entity9285 , were present in only 51% of perforation claims, whereas late sequelae, e.g., @entity37397 and @entity1764 , occurred in 65%. CONCLUSION: @entity1 in whom tracheal intubation has been difficult should be observed for and told to watch for the development of symptoms and signs of @entity37397 , @entity1764 , or both.

title: XXXX during anesthesia: a closed claims analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity37397 :: ('MESH:D017703', 'Disease') :: ['retropharyngeal abscess']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Airway injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Airway injury']


abstract: In eukaryotic species from @entity375 to @entity1 , stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), members of a MAP kinase (MAPK) subfamily, regulate the transcriptional response to various environmental stress. It is poorly understood how diverse forms of stress are sensed and transmitted to SAPKs. Here, we report the heat shock regulation of the @entity6739 @entity39258 SAPK, a homolog of @entity1 @entity1435 and budding @entity375 @entity18385 . Although osmostress and oxidative stress induce strong activation of the Wis1 MAPK kinase ( @entity8047 ), which activates @entity39258 through Thr-171/Tyr-173 phosphorylation, activation of Wis1 upon heat shock is relatively weak and transient. However, in heat-shocked cells, Pyp1, the major @entity669 phosphatase that dephosphorylates and inactivates @entity39258 , is inhibited for its interaction with @entity39258 , which leads to strong activation of @entity39258 . Subsequently, @entity39258 activity is rapidly attenuated by Thr-171 dephosphorylation, whereas Tyr-173 remains phosphorylated. Thr-171 dephosphorylation is compromised in a strain lacking functional type 2C @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphatases (PP2C), @entity2750 and @entity23275 . Moreover, @entity2750 and @entity23275 can dephosphorylate Thr-171 of @entity39258 both in vivo and in vitro. These observations strongly suggest that PP2C enzymes play an important role in the attenuation of @entity39258 activity in heat-shocked cells. Thus, transient activation of @entity39258 upon heat shock is ensured by differential regulation of @entity1889 and @entity669 phosphorylation.

title: Heat-shock-induced activation of stress MAP kinase is regulated by @entity1889 - and XXXX -specific phosphatases.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: DNA damageDNA damage is an important factor in aging in all eukaryotes. Although connections between DNA damageDNA damage and aging have been extensively investigated in complex organisms, only a relatively few studies have investigated DNA damageDNA damage as an aging factor in the model organism @entity375 . Several of these studies point to DNA replication stressDNA replication stress as a cause of age-dependent DNA damageDNA damage in the replicative model of aging, which measures how many times budding @entity375 cells divide before they senesce and die. Even fewer studies have investigated how DNA damageDNA damage contributes to aging in the chronological @entity1240 model, which measures how long cells in stationary phase cultures retain reproductive capacity. DNA replication stressDNA replication stress also has been implicated as a factor in chronological @entity1240 . Since cells in stationary phase are generally considered to be "post-mitotic" and to reside in a quiescent G0/G1 state, the notion that defects in DNA replication might contribute to chronological @entity1240 appears to be somewhat paradoxical. However, the results of recent studies suggest that a significant fraction of cells in stationary phase cultures are not quiescent, especially in experiments that employ defined medium, which is frequently employed to assess chronological lifespan. Most cells that fail to achieve quiescence remain in a viable, but non-dividing state until they eventually die, similar to the senescent state in @entity1 cells. In this chapter we discuss the role of DNA damageDNA damage and DNA replication stressDNA replication stress in both replicative and chronological @entity1240 in @entity375 . We also discuss the relevance of these findings to the emerging view that DNA damageDNA damage and DNA replication stressDNA replication stress are important components of the senescent state that occurs at early stages of @entity5 .

title: DNA DamageDNA damage and DNA Replication StressDNA replication stress in XXXX Models of Aging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1240 :: ('MESH:D019588', 'Disease') :: ['agingchronological aging']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Yeast']


abstract: @entity1495 plays a key role in @entity5 invasion. Inhibitors of @entity1495 were screened from Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Dawn redwood) and one potent inhibitor, @entity42855 , a @entity42856 , was identified. Noncytotoxic levels of @entity42855 decreased @entity1495 production profoundly, but up-regulated the level of @entity2843 , an inhibitor of @entity1495 , in HT1080 @entity1 @entity1492 cells. The major mechanism of Ras-dependent @entity1495 production in HT1080 cells was phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ @entity584 /nuclear factor-kappaB ( @entity2451 ) activation. Expression of dominant-active @entity8498 and @entity8569 (a subunit of PI3K) increased @entity1495 activity, whereas dominant-negative forms of these molecules decreased the level of @entity1495 . @entity8498 did not increase @entity1495 in the presence of a PI3K inhibitor, @entity2306 , and a @entity2451 inhibitor, SN50. Further studies showed that @entity42855 regulated @entity1495 production via PI3K/ @entity584 / @entity2451 pathway, as evidenced by the findings that @entity42855 inhibited activities of both @entity584 and @entity2451 . PI3K/ @entity584 is a well-known key pathway for cell invasion, and @entity42855 inhibited HT1080 @entity5 cell invasion substantially. @entity42855 was also quite effective in inhibiting the activities of @entity584 and @entity1495 in @entity0 and B16F10 @entity320 . Moreover, @entity42855 treatment resulted in marked decrease in invasion of these cells. In summary, PI3K/ @entity584 is a major pathway for @entity1495 expression and @entity42855 markedly decreased @entity1495 expression and invasion through inhibition of this pathway. This suggests that @entity42855 could be a potential candidate as a therapeutic agent against @entity5 invasion.

title: @entity42855 inhibits XXXX cell invasion by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ @entity584 -dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression.

entities_list: @entity42856 :: ('CHEBI:50128', 'Chemical') :: ['biflavonoid']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['MDA-MB-231 breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9']

entities_list: @entity42855 :: ('MESH:C452984', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoginkgetin', 'isoginkgetin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-mucinous @entity133 ( @entity133 ) is considered the early stage of @entity2220 and is classified as the lung @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) by the International Association for the Study of @entity2 /American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. This study was designed to investigate the gene expression differences between @entity2735 (formerly non-mucinous @entity133 ) and @entity420 ( @entity4991 , formerly non-mucinous @entity133 pattern with >5 mm invasion, mixed @entity420 with @entity133 features) and to investigate the mechanism of the progression of @entity2220 in situ to invasive @entity420 . METHODS: Gene expression analysis was performed by using Agilent 4       44 K Whole @entity1 Genome Oligo Microarray on 10 fresh frozen tissue samples of @entity2735 and @entity4991 , respectively. Real time RT-PCR was used to validate the differential expression of 13 genes selected by cDNA microarray on fresh frozen tissue samples from 41 @entity1 with @entity2220 and 4 genes were confirmed. These 4 genes were then validated by western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining for these validated genes was performed on @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue samples from 81 cases of lung adenocarcinomna. RESULTS: We identified a 13 gene expression signature by comparative analysis of gene expression. Expression of these genes strongly differed between @entity2735 and @entity4991 . Four genes ( @entity1476 , @entity1639 , @entity3670 ( @entity3670 ) and @entity29616 ( @entity29616 )) were correlated with the results of microarray and real time RT-PCR analyses for the gene-expression data in samples from 41 @entity1 with @entity2220 . As confirmed by western blotting, the expression levels of @entity1476 and @entity1639 were higher in @entity4991 than those in @entity2735 ; the expression levels of @entity3670 and @entity29616 in @entity4991 were lower than those in @entity2735 . Immunohistochemical staining for these genes in samples from 81 cases of @entity2220 demonstrated the expressions of @entity3670 and @entity29616 were correlated with overall survival of @entity1 with @entity2220 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3670 and @entity29616 may play important roles in the development of @entity2735 to @entity4991 . Overexpression of @entity3670 and @entity29616 indicates a favorable prognosis for overall survival in some @entity1 with @entity2220 . Expression of @entity29616 may be regulated by the @entity1639 pathway.

title: Expression of @entity3670 and XXXX in @entity2220 in situ and @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adenocarcioma in situ']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchioloalveolar carcinoma', 'BAC']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['invasive lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma', 'type adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity29616 :: (9071,Gene) :: ['CLDN10']


abstract: Transperineal (TP) and transabdominal (TA) ultrasounds were used to assess @entity1494 (TP) and bladder base (TA) movement during voluntary @entity121 ( @entity121 ) contraction and functional tasks. A sonographer assessed 60 asymptomatic (30 nulliparous, 30 parous) and 60 incontinent (30 stress, 30 urge) @entity1 with a mean age of 43 (SD=7) years, BMI of 24 (SD=4) kg m2 and a median parity of 2 (range, 0-5), using both ultrasound methods. The mean of three measurements for @entity1494 and bladder base (sagittal view) movement for each task was assessed for differences between the groups. There were no differences in @entity1494 (p=0.096) or bladder base (p=0.112) movement between the four groups during @entity121 contraction but significant differences in @entity1494 (p<0.004) and a trend towards differences in bladder base (p=0.068) movement during Valsalva and abdominal curl manoeuvre. During @entity121 contraction, there was a strong trend for the continent @entity1 to have greater @entity1494 elevation (p=0.051), but no difference in bladder base movement (p=0.300), when compared to the incontinent @entity1 . The incontinent @entity1 demonstrated @entity1494 descent during Valsalva and abdominal curl (p<0.001) and bladder base descent during Valsalva (p=0.021). The differences between the groups were more marked during functional activities, suggesting that comprehensive assessment of the @entity121 should include functional activities as well as @entity2472 . TP ultrasound was more reliable and takes measures from a bony landmark when compared to TA ultrasound, which lacks a reference point for measurements. TA ultrasound is less suitable for @entity121 measures during functional manoeuvres and comparisons between subjects. Few subjects were overweight so the results may not be valid in an @entity28 population.

title: Comparison of transperineal and transabdominal ultrasound in the assessment of voluntary @entity121 contractions and functional manoeuvres in continent and incontinent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['increased bladder neck', 'bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary PFM', 'PFM', 'pelvic floor muscle']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary PFM contractions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: During the period 1971 to 1975, 260 @entity1 with @entity6 , Classes B through R, were delivered of their @entity1 at Los Angeles County @entity1 's Hospital. The plan of @entity1 management included frequent clinic visits and hospitalization to assure good control. A program of intensive antepartum fetal surveillance was begun at 34 weeks' gestation, with the use of daily 24 hour urinary @entity11111 determinations and a weekly contraction stress test (CST). A lecithin/ @entity4291 ratio was evaluated for all @entity1 before elective delivery. The perinatal mortality rate in these @entity6 pregnant @entity1 was 46 per 1,000 as compared to 24 per 1,000 in the general population. Only three @entity2209 occurred in the @entity6 group, none within one week of a negative CST. @entity600 were responsible for almost half of the neonatal deaths. There were no deaths due to iatrogenic prematurity or @entity130 . Mean gestational age at delivery was 37.9 weeks and vaginal delivery was the mode for approximately half of the @entity1 . Two thirds of the @entity1 did experience some morbidity.

title: Management and outcome of XXXX , classes B to R.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['pregnancy in diabetes mellitus']


abstract: In a randomized experiment (N = 249; age 50 + years), this study examined if self-reports of @entity323 ( @entity323 ) and @entity409 ( @entity409 ) symptomatology were influenced by the mode of interview administration (computer-assisted self-interview [CASI], audio computer-assisted self-interview [ACASI], or computer-assisted personal interview [CAPI; involving an interviewer]). This study also examined if mode moderated @entity1 variables hypothesized to impact self-reports (social desirability, age, or @entity308 mood). No main or moderating effects of mode were found for self-reports of @entity409 symptoms. However, mode effects on reports of @entity323 symptoms were observed, and these moderated age and social desirability effects on self-reports. Significantly more older (relative to younger) @entity1 reported high levels of @entity323 symptoms when interview administration was by a live interviewer (CAPI) than with self-administration. Alternatively, significantly more younger @entity1 reported high levels of @entity323 symptoms when administration was by an interviewer (CAPI) or by ACASI (vs. CASI). The Mode   Social Desirability effects were complex (see the Discussion section), showing hypothesized effects under ACASI and CAPI conditions, but an opposite effect under the CASI condition. The stability of self-reported @entity323 symptoms did not vary by mode (based on test-retest comparisons); test-retest was significantly higher for @entity409 symptoms within the ACASI condition. The impact of mode of administration on self-reports of @entity323 / @entity409 symptoms is less predictable and dramatic than one might conclude from prior research with other types of self-report outcomes. The findings are consistent with a small, but growing, body of studies that illustrate highly situational effects of interviewing, which may depend on a complex interplay between modes, @entity1 variables, and the interview topic/target items. Self-administered methods, in particular, may not be a universal solution to response bias.

title: Effects of interview mode on assessments of erectile and XXXX among @entity1 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['EjD', 'ejaculatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['ejaculatory dysfunction']


abstract: Hsp60 play a crucial role in the process of pathogenic and protective immune responses and is implicated in @entity792 . In order to understand the environmental response and immune response of this gene, we cloned a @entity22472 60 (SpHsp60) gene from the @entity8389 @entity42949 , localized SpHsp60 in hemocytes by in situ hybridization, and detected the expression of SpHsp60 after stresses in relation to three housekeeping genes (b-actin, 18S rRNA and GAPDH). The full-length of the SpHsp60 cDNA was found to be 2424  bp. The predicted ORF encoded a protein of 576 @entity1522 with a predicted molecular mass of 61.19  kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 5.46. It shared high scoring identity 95% with the @entity41781 @entity41781 . In situ hybridization assay showed that a higher expression occurred in the granular and semigranular cells when compared to the hyaline hemocytes. It suggested that SpHsp60 was mainly contributed from the granular and semigranular cells in hemolymph. The expression level of SpHsp60 in hemocytes showed a clear time-dependent pattern during the 96  h  after stimulated by @entity12671 . During this experiment the gene was induced and the highest expression level was observed at 3  h. The significantly up-regulated expression and rapid response of SpHsp60 indicated that the crabs were sensitive to bacterial challenge. After osmotic stress, the expression of SpHsp60 in hemocytes showed that this gene was induced by the high salinity (30   ) and the crabs had its adaptive responses to high salinity, when compared to the normal salinity (15   ). SpHsp60 mRNA expression in hemocytes was analyzed after thermal stress at 6  h, the highest and the lowest expression levels of SpHsp60 were observed at 36 and 32    C, respectively. This study demonstrated that SpHsp60 was easily induced at the higher temperatures. Based on our research, SpHsp60 participate in innate immune and environmental response of @entity42949 . It could be used as a biomarker to test the stress caused by the local aquaculture environment.

title: Characterization and expression of SpHsp60 in hemocytes after challenge to bacterial, osmotic and thermal stress from the @entity8389 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12671 :: ('663', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio alginolyticus']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity41781 :: ('210409', 'Species') :: ['swimming crab', 'Portunus trituberculatus']

entities_list: @entity42949 :: ('85552', 'Species') :: ['Scylla paramamosain', 'S.  paramamosain']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity42949 :: (85552,Species) :: ['Scylla paramamosain']


abstract: @entity13404 is life threatening if left untreated. It is associated with @entity4288 , @entity887 , and @entity6 . In this report, a @entity1 was presented with an early diagnosis of @entity13404 and was treated by cholecystectomy without complications. A 46-year-old male presented at the emergency department. Laboratory results as well as the abdominal ultrasound showed no abnormalities. One day after admission, @entity281 parameters started rising. A computed tomography (CT) showed @entity2679 with a circular gas pattern in bile ducts and gallbladder. After treatment with cholecystectomy and antibiotics, the @entity1 recovered uneventfully. The gallbladder mucosa was denaturized with signs of @entity39 . The bile culture was positive for @entity3168 . Treatment was based on preoperative antibiotic treatment combined with cholecystectomy. This resulted in early clinical improvement of the @entity1 and normalization of @entity281 parameters. Therefore, the @entity1 was discharged from the hospital four days postoperatively.

title: XXXX due to @entity3168 successfully treated by cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity13404 :: ('MESH:D041882', 'Disease') :: ['Emphysematous Cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity13404 :: (MESH:D041882,Disease) :: ['Emphysematous cholecystitis']


abstract: In most other organs (extremities, bladder, rectum, larynx, or eye), the acceptance of organ-conserving therapy into standard oncologic practice has required only the demonstration of feasibility and efficacy--not equivalency with the radical surgical alternative. BCT was not generally accepted as standard oncologic practice until the maturation of numerous prospective randomized trials that universally demonstrated equivalence in disease control outcomes and survival with mastectomy. In fact, the acceptance of BCT as standard therapy in many parts of the United States actually lagged more than a decade behind sentinel publications documenting proof of equivalency with mastectomy. Even today, investigators continue to search for a subset of @entity0 @entity1 who will have better disease control with radical surgery. BCT stands as not only the best-studied example of organ-conserving therapy but one of the most rigorously tested therapies in all of medicine. Breast-conserving therapy requires a multidisciplinary approach with close coordination among team members from diagnosis through surveillance following treatment. The surgeon must be willing to assess and re-excise margins, to mark the @entity5 bed with clips, and to use sentinel node biopsy in appropriate @entity1 . The radiation oncologist must be willing to use CT planning, paying close attention not only to coverage of target tissues but to avoidance of critical normal tissues. The medical oncologist must work closely with the surgeon and radiation oncologist to determine the optimal sequencing of therapies and selection of systemic agents. All must recognize special circumstances where genetic counselling may be beneficial, psychosocial support may be needed, or BCT may not be the best choice for @entity1 . When used appropriately, BCT produces maximal disease control and quality of life while minimizing iatrogenic functional, cosmetic, and psychologic sequelae in @entity1 with @entity0 . BCT serves as a model for the optimal combination of surgery and radiation in organ-preserving @entity5 therapy.

title: Breast-conserving therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish levels of plasma @entity2232 in postmenopausal @entity1 with increased CV risk as compared with healthy premenopausal @entity1 and to measure the effects of different forms of @entity172 replacement on plasma @entity2232 . DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: University of Southern California Medical Center. @entity1 (S): We studied 18 postmenopausal @entity1 (mean age 53.4 +/- 4.9 years) with total @entity165 levels > 240 mg/dL divided into those with and without @entity101 as well as in 10 healthy premenopausal @entity1 . INTERVENTION(S): The postmenopausal @entity1 were randomized to receive oral @entity19517 , transdermal E2, or placebo for 30 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We measured the @entity2232 levels and total @entity165 at baseline and after 30 days of @entity172 treatment. RESULT(S): In the postmenopausal @entity1 , @entity2232 was higher (4.58 +/- 0.46 pg/mL) compared with premenopausal levels (2.80 +/- 0.46 pg/mL). In @entity101 postmenopausal @entity1 , @entity2232 was 5.56 +/- 0.44 pg/mL. After @entity172 , plasma @entity2232 values decreased from 5.38 +/- 0.66 to 4.82 +/- 0.9 pg/mL with oral @entity19517 , 4.84 +/- 0.25 to 4.54 +/- 0.49 pg/mL with transdermal E2, and did not change after placebo 4.76 +/- 0.71 to 4.81 +/- 0.46 pg/mL. In evaluating @entity101 @entity1 alone with @entity172 therapy, plasma @entity2232 showed the greatest decrement from 5.39 +/- 0.49 to 4.4 +/- 0.59 pg/mL (18.4%). The decrease in @entity2232 with @entity172 , which was statistically significant for the entire group, did appear to be influenced by the route of administration. Baseline plasma @entity2232 levels were correlated positively to plasma @entity165 levels with a correlation coefficient of 0.632. CONCLUSION(S): These data provide another potential mechanism explaining the cardioprotective effects of hormone replacement therapy.

title: Endothelin levels decrease after oral and nonoral @entity172 in postmenopausal XXXX with increased cardiovascular risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity19517 :: ('MESH:C017296', 'Chemical') :: ['estrone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity1223 (CO) intoxication is usually a serious condition, which can result in @entity16 or @entity204 . In some @entity1 with CO intoxication, but not usually, a biphasic pattern can be seen. In this condition, after antitoxic treatment, @entity1 may completely recover and after a short recovery period, neurological and/or @entity146 symptoms appear again. This condition is known as delayed @entity75 and its occurrence rate is between 0.06% and 11.8%. Herein, we report a case with delayed @entity75 after CO intoxication, which began with neurological symptoms and continued with @entity3119 , @entity308 , @entity23 , and @entity914 . The 41-year-old female @entity1 had no @entity16 prior to CO intoxication. Increased signal intensity changes in the basal region of the left temporal lobe (including the @entity62 ), globus pallidus (bilateral), and @entity62 (bilaterally symmetrical) was detected on axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, there were @entity3202 changes in both cerebellar hemispheres. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of @entity23 described after CO intoxication in the literature. We discuss the organic etiology of @entity23 and the other @entity146 symptoms of this @entity1 in the light of recent research. We concluded that the @entity23 seen in this @entity1 was related to concurrent lesions in the temporal lobe and globus pallidus; in other words, her @entity23 may have been related to dysfunction simultaneously seen in both the @entity75 .

title: [Case report: @entity23 and other XXXX symptoms after @entity1223 intoxication].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['temporolimbic and frontal-subcortical circuits', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric or neurological symptoms or disorders', 'neurological disturbances']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['kleptomania']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['cortex and subcortical white matter', 'cerebellar cortical and subcortical white matter']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: Cognitive and other quality of life measures were assessed in 29 @entity1 with supratentorial malignant @entity816 before and after high-dose (8000 cGy) multiple daily fractionated radiotherapy. Assessments were done immediately before and after radiotherapy. @entity1 completed a neuropsychological evaluation and the Functional Living Index: Cancer (FLIC). Spouses completed the Family Environment Scale and the Profile of Mood States. Cognitive abilities generally improved over the course of radiotherapy. Occasionally, deterioration of potential clinical importance was observed on functions associated with the @entity5 site. Quality of life as assessed by the FLIC was stable in most cases and improved in five, but deteriorated in three @entity1 . Families showed slightly less Conflict and slightly more Cohesion than the norm; this was especially so when @entity1 had greater @entity73 . Emotional state of spouses was variable, with increased fatigue or reduced activity most commonly reported, followed by @entity308 and @entity148 . Mostly this improved with time or remained stable, but two spouses reported worsening emotional state. Results are generally encouraging for tolerance of this radiotherapy protocol, although they demonstrate that limited adverse effects may occur in some cases.

title: Acute effects on neuropsychological function and quality of life by high-dose multiple daily fractionated radiotherapy for malignant XXXX : assessing the tolerability of a new radiotherapy regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the developing @entity19 eye, melanin synthesis in the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) coincides with neurogenesis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Disruption of pigmentation in the albino @entity989 is associated with delayed neurogenesis in the ventrotemporal retina, the source of ipsilateral RGCs, and a reduced ipsilateral RGC projection. To begin to unravel how melanogenesis and the @entity989 regulate RGC neurogenesis and cell subpopulation specification, we compared the features of albino and pigmented @entity19 @entity989 cells during the period of RGC neurogenesis (embryonic day, E, 12.5 to 18.5) when the @entity989 is closely apposed to developing RGC precursors. At E12.5 and E15.5, although albino and pigmented @entity989 cells express @entity989 markers @entity5005 and @entity22836 similarly, albino @entity989 cells are irregularly shaped and have fewer melanosomes compared with pigmented @entity989 cells. The adherens junction protein @entity17818 appears loosely distributed within the albino @entity989 cells rather than tightly localized on the cell membrane, as in pigmented @entity989 . @entity16899 (gap junction protein) is expressed in pigmented and albino @entity989 cells at E13.5 but at E15.5 albino @entity989 cells have fewer small @entity16899 puncta, and a larger fraction of phosphorylated @entity16899 at @entity563 368. These results suggest that the lack of pigment in the @entity989 results in impaired @entity989 cell integrity and communication via gap junctions between @entity989 and neural retina during RGC neurogenesis. Our findings should pave the way for further investigation of the role of @entity989 in regulating RGC development toward achieving proper RGC axon decussation. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3696-3716, 2016.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Retinal pigment epithelial integrity is compromised in the developing albino XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been associated with increased incidence of @entity5 suggested by epidemiological studies. To test the carcinogenic potency of EMF, the in vitro micronucleus assay with SHE cells has been used as a screening method for genotoxicity. A 50Hz @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) of 1mT field strength was applied either alone or with the @entity5 initiator @entity3014 (BP) or the @entity5 promoter @entity864 ( @entity865 ). All three treatments were applied in single, double or triple treatment regimes. @entity2194 or @entity865 (1nM) alone did not affect the number of @entity4523 ( @entity4523 ) in initiated and non-initiated SHE cells. Changing the schedule of the typical initiation protocol, namely applying the initiator (BP) during exposure to @entity2194 , results in an 1.8-fold increased @entity4523 formation compared to BP treatment alone. Combined experiment with BP, @entity865 and @entity2194 did not cause further @entity4523 formation. Since initiation during @entity2194 exposure caused a significant increased @entity4523 formation, our findings suggest that MFs enhance the initiation process of BP. We think that this @entity2194 -enhanced co-carcinogenic effect is caused by an indirect "cell activation" process. The resulting genomic instability is proposed to be due to free radicals and/or to the unscheduled "switching-on" of signal transduction pathways.

title: Micronucleus induction in Syrian hamster embryo cells following exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields, XXXX , and @entity865 in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['magnetic field', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4523 :: ('MESH:D048629', 'Disease') :: ['MN', 'micronuclei']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The avb3 integrin, which is expressed by angiogenic epithelium and some @entity5 cells, is an attractive target for the development of both imaging agents and therapeutics. While optimal implementation of avb3-targeted therapeutics will require a priori identification of the presence of the target, the clinical evaluation of these compounds has typically not included parallel studies with avb3-targeted diagnostics. This is at least partly due to the relatively limited availability of PET radiopharmaceuticals in comparison to those labeled with (99m)Tc. In an effort to begin to address this limitation, we evaluated the @entity5 uptake of (99m)Tc- @entity41413 , a cyclic RGD peptide that binds to avb3 with ~1-nM affinity, in an avb3-positive @entity5 model as well as its in vivo specificity. METHODS: MicroSPECT imaging was used to assess the ability of @entity26474 , a therapeutic with high affinity for avb3, to block and displace @entity41414 in an orthotopic U87 @entity5 . The specificity of @entity41414 was quantitatively evaluated in @entity19 bearing subcutaneous @entity5 , by comparison of the biodistribution of @entity41414 with that of the non-specific structural analogue (99m)Tc-AH-111744 and by blocking uptake of @entity41414 with excess unlabeled @entity41413 . RESULTS: MicroSPECT imaging studies demonstrated that uptake of @entity41414 in the @entity5 model was both blocked and displaced by the avb3-targeted therapeutic @entity26474 . Biodistribution studies provided quantitative confirmation of these imaging results. Tumor uptake of @entity41414 at 1h post-injection was 2.8    0.7% ID/g compared to 0.38    0.1% ID/g for (99m)Tc-AH-111744 (p < 0.001). Blocking @entity41414 uptake by pre-injecting the @entity19 with excess unlabeled @entity41413 reduced @entity5 uptake by approximately five-fold, to 0.68    0.3% ID/g (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: These results confirm that @entity41414 does, in fact, target the avb3 integrin and may, therefore, be useful in identifying @entity1 prior to anti-avb3 therapy as well as monitoring the response of these @entity1 to therapy.

title: Specific uptake of 99mTc- XXXX , an avb3-targeted imaging probe, in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26474 :: ('MESH:C422910', 'Chemical') :: ['cilengitide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glioma tumor', 'intracranial tumor', 'U87MG tumors']

answer: @entity41413 :: (MESH:C521545,Chemical) :: ['NC100692']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to show the efficiency of preoperative botulinum toxin A (Botox A) in @entity1 with benign essential @entity9663 who were to undergo ocular surgery with local anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight benign essential @entity9663 @entity1 who were administered unilateral Botox A prior to ocular surgery between January 2004 and May 2011 were included in this study. Eleven cases had pterygiums, ten had @entity231 , and four had @entity726 , while the remaining three had @entity4118 . All cases' severity of @entity2473 (stage 0-4) and eyelid closing forces (stage 1-4) were evaluated according to the Jankovic scale prior to the injection, at 3 days, 14 days, 1 month, and 3 months after Botox A injection. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 enrolled in the study, 16 were female and 12 were male, with an average age of 55.52    1.53 years (52-65). Average onset of the Botox injection's effect was 2.8    0.9 (2-5) days. Its effect lingered for about 11.5    3.6 (8-22) weeks. The severity of @entity2473 and eyelid closing forces of all the @entity1 enrolled were compared prior to the injection at 3 and 14 days and the first and third months after the injection. There were statistically significant differences between prior to the injection and 3 days (P = 0.001), 14 days (P < 0.001) and 1 month after the injection (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between prior to the injection and 3 months after the injection (P = 0.513). Fourteen days following the injection, the surgeries were successfully performed. CONCLUSION: Botox A administered prior to ocular surgery will control both @entity9663 and lower the risks that can be encountered before and during surgery, thus increasing the comfort of the @entity1 and the surgeon.

title: Botulinum toxin injections for XXXX prior to ocular surgeries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomas']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

answer: @entity9663 :: (MESH:D001764,Disease) :: ['blepharospasm']


abstract: Left ventricular hemodynamic overload produces an increase in @entity64 work (SW), which is compensated by the development of @entity4346 . However, recent reports question the adequacy of this compensation in @entity339 ( @entity339 ). Accordingly, we examined the adequacy of @entity1184 in chronic experimental @entity339 . Six @entity235 with chronic severe @entity339 were matched according to SW with six @entity235 that had severe @entity472 (ASSW). SW in the two groups was increased identically (40%) compared with normals. However, the @entity1184 response was much greater in the AS group [left ventricular wt (g) to body wt (kg) ratio (LVBW) 4.0 +/- 0.2 normals, 5.0 +/- 0.2 @entity339 , and 7.5 +/- 0.2 ASSW; P < 0.05 @entity339 vs. ASSW]. This differing @entity1184 response increased normalized SW, the area within the stress-volume loop, in @entity339 (90 +/- 5 g) vs. 63 +/- 5 g in ASSW (P < 0.05). Thus in @entity339 , each unit of myocardium had to perform more work than in AS. In a separate comparison, four different @entity235 with AS (ASHy), which had a similar amount of @entity1184 to the @entity339 @entity235 (LVBW) (5.0 +/- 0.2 @entity339 , 5.2 +/- 0.2 ASHy) were studied. SW was greater in the @entity339 group, suggesting more SW overload was required to produce similar amounts of @entity1184 in @entity339 vs. AS. Contractile function was depressed in the @entity339 group but not in the AS. These findings indicate that the @entity1184 response to a similar SW demand is less in @entity339 than AS, a response associated with contractile dysfunction in the @entity339 group.

title: XXXX due to volume overload versus pressure overload.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['chronic aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of and risk factors for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in @entity1 admitted to an intensive-care unit (ICU) with @entity360 and to ascertain the effects on mortality and lengths of stay. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Demographic, laboratory, and outcome data were determined for all @entity1 admitted to a medical ICU with @entity360 between April 1996 and January 1997. Serial @entity908 kinase with isoenzyme levels and electrocardiograms were interpreted blindly by a senior cardiologist. RESULTS: For 83 consecutive admissions to the ICU because of @entity360 , the @entity1 ' mean (+/- standard error) age was 65.0 +/- 1.7 years and APACHE II (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) score was 15.7 +/- 0.8. In-hospital death occurred in 16 @entity1 (19%). @entity1 who did not survive had a lower admission systolic blood pressure (99.2 +/- 4.5 versus 115.0 +/- 4.0 mm Hg; P = 0.01) than did those who survived. Eleven of 83 @entity1 (13%) fulfilled both enzymatic and electrocardiographic criteria for @entity583 . Ten @entity1 (12%) had electrocardiographic evidence of @entity741 but did not meet criteria for @entity583 . @entity1 with @entity583 were older (74.4 +/- 4.0 versus 61.7 +/- 2.0 years; P < 0.05), had a higher acuity of illness (APACHE II score, 21.6 +/- 3.0 versus 14.6 +/- 0.7; P < 0.05), and had more coronary risk factors (2.3 +/- 0.3 versus 1.4 +/- 0.1; P < 0.05) in comparison with those without @entity583 or @entity63 . @entity1 with @entity583 also had longer ICU (8.6 +/- 2.4 versus 3.3 +/- 0.4 days; P < 0.05) and hospital (16.3 +/- 3.4 versus 9.1 +/- 0.8 days; P < 0.05) lengths of stay. @entity1 older than 65 years had a threefold increased risk (risk ratio, 4.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 17.4) and those with two or more risk factors for @entity453 had a ninefold increased risk of @entity583 (risk ratio, 10.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 76.1) in comparison with those who were younger or who had fewer coronary risk factors, respectively. @entity583 complicating @entity360 did not significantly affect the risk of in-hospital mortality (risk ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 4.4). CONCLUSION: @entity583 occurs frequently in @entity1 with @entity360 admitted to an ICU. Age more than 65 years and two or more risk factors for @entity453 identify @entity1 who are at greatest risk for occurrence of @entity583 , which is associated with longer ICU and hospital stays.

title: @entity583 complicating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage', 'GI hemorrhage']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intermediate end points are desirable to expedite the integration of neoadjuvant systemic therapy into the treatment strategy for high-risk localized @entity263 . Endorectal magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5   Tesla (1.5T erMRI) response has been utilized as an end point in neoadjuvant trials but has not been correlated with clinical outcomes. METHODS: Data were pooled from two trials exploring neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk localized @entity263 . Trial 1 explored @entity1205 for 6 months and Trial 2 explored @entity1205 plus bevacizumab for 4.5 months, both before radical prostatectomy. erMRI was done at baseline and end of chemotherapy. 1.5T erMRI response, based upon T2W sequences, was recorded. Multivariable Cox regression was undertaken to evaluate the association between clinical parameters and biochemical recurrence. RESULTS: There were 53 evaluable @entity1 in the combined analysis: 20 (33%) achieved a @entity7735 response, 16 (27%) achieved an erMRI partial response and 24 (40%) achieved an erMRI minor response. Median follow-up was 4.2 years, and 33 of 53 evaluable (62%) @entity1 developed biochemical recurrence. On multivariable analysis, @entity7735 response did not correlate with biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio=0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-1.33) and paradoxically erMRI response was associated with a significantly shorter time to biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio=2.47, 95% CI 1.00-6.13). CONCLUSIONS: Response by 1.5T erMRI does not correlate with a decreased likelihood of biochemical recurrence in @entity1 with high-risk localized @entity263 treated with neoadjuvant @entity1205 and may be associated with inferior outcomes. These data do not support the use of 1.5T erMRI response as a primary end point in neoadjuvant chemotherapy trials.

title: Analysis of the correlation between endorectal MRI response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and biochemical recurrence in XXXX with high-risk localized @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We applied the standard treatment with streptokinase to 52 cases of @entity1150 and 35 cases @entity1151 . Angiography demonstrated total @entity5405 of the clot 22 times, partial @entity5405 42 times, and no @entity5405 23 times. The absence of @entity5405 was more frequent in venous clots than in pulmonary clots. Early treatment was more effective, achieving complete @entity5405 in 21 of 22 cases. Nevertheless, in @entity1150 , late treatment can result in partial @entity5405 and set an important venous junction free. With the standard treatment, the biologic controls showed good @entity5405 in 75% of the cases, insufficient @entity5405 in 15%, and no @entity5405 in 10%. The extent of the @entity715 is an important point. The clot was totally lysed in 9 of 10 cases of localized @entity1150 . In @entity1 with @entity1151 , about 30% of the obstructed surface is cleared. Nevertheless, in such cases we must take into consideration not only the nonperfused pulmonary area, but also the venous starting point of the clot.

title: Treatment of venous thrombosis and XXXX by streptokinase.

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: The anaerobic digestion process is globally applied to the treatment of highly concentrated wastes such as industrial and rural effluents, and sewage sludge. However, it is known to be relatively unstable. When loaded with high concentrations of organic material, unwanted volatile @entity1718 (VFA) are often produced rather than @entity577 ( @entity578 ) gas which can lead to digester acidification and failure. This study investigated digester behaviour under high loading rates, testing the usefulness of stoichiometric @entity577 conversion efficiency as a digester control parameter at high loading rates. Our results show that, in general, the @entity578 production rate was proportional to the feed rate (loading rate). However, at very high loading rates, the @entity578 production rate was not proportional to the increase in the feeding rate. Consequently, VFA accumulated and the H2 partial pressure increased. The proportionality of the loading rate and gas production rate is stoichiometrically expressed as the conversion efficiency. We found that conversion efficiency was a useful indicator as an early warning of digester imbalance. The digester remained stable at conversion efficiencies above 75%. Dropping below 70% signified the onset of digester failure. As loading rate and @entity577 production data are readily available on-line in most anaerobic digestion plants, the conversion efficiency can be monitored on-line and used as an efficient control technique to maintain safe operation of anaerobic digesters at high loading rates.

title: XXXX conversion efficiency as a simple control parameter for an anaerobic digester at high loading rates.

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity577 :: (MESH:D008697,Chemical) :: ['Methane']


abstract: Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) is a noninvasive easy-performed method which can be repeated even in critically ill @entity1 . It provides means to diagnose, quantify and monitor individual haemodynamic situation, and, probably, to predict the outcome of @entity64 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the TCD in the examination of @entity455 in the early phase of acute @entity2806 . The results showed different @entity455 in otherwise homogenous group of @entity1 . The TCD examinations were carried out in 30 @entity1 in the early phase of @entity64 with presumed lesions in the @entity2500 area. CT of the brain showed @entity2806 of the MCA region in all @entity1 . Additionally, blood flow velocity ( @entity19385 ) was measured in posterior cerebral artery (PCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and carotid siphon (CS) on both skull sides. On the basis of @entity19385 in MCA, the @entity1 could be apparently divided into three groups. In group I MCA the signal was absent. The @entity1 from group 2 showed severely decreased, moderately decreased or nearly normal @entity19385 in MCA. Group 3 consisted of three @entity1 with increased @entity19385 in MCA. In one of them, in whom a high degree of @entity2500 was confirmed by angiography, @entity19385 in MCA was extremely increased. The results have shown that TCD examinations in @entity1 with @entity64 could provide additional information about @entity455 , which are relevant to the course and, probably, the prognosis of the disease.

title: Transcranial Doppler sonography in the acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disturbanies', 'vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions', 'cerebral ischemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA stenosis', 'middle cerebral artery (MCA) irrigation']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemic disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prevalence of activated protein C resistance (APCR) and associated @entity715 morbidity among @entity1 who undergo arterial reconstruction were investigated. METHODS: Preoperative assays for functional APCR and factor V (Leiden) mutation were performed on 262 @entity1 who underwent arterial reconstructions that consisted of cerebrovascular surgery (109), aortic or iliofemoral procedures (76), or infrainguinal bypass procedures (77). @entity1 were monitored for @entity715 complications during the postoperative period. RESULTS: Depending on the stringency of the definition used, functional APCR was detected in 10.6% to 22.0% of @entity1 tested. Factor V (Leiden) was found in 5.3% of @entity1 . @entity715 morbidity consisting of @entity583 , cerebrovascular event, or graft @entity715 occurred in 9.9% of @entity1 , who were followed-up for a mean of 4.8 months. No significant overall correlations were found between APCR and @entity715 morbidity. Subgroup analysis revealed significant associations between functional APCR and @entity260 and early graft failure, and between factor V (Leiden) and early cerebrovascular events and late graft @entity715 (p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Functional APCR is somewhat more prevalent among general vascular surgical @entity1 than in the general population, but factor V (Leiden) is no more prevalent. APCR is not a prominent cause of @entity715 morbidity in contemporary vascular surgery. Nonetheless, it is a sufficiently important potential contributor to morbidity among some subgroups to warrant selective testing and directed therapy pending further study.

title: Impact of activated protein C resistance on general vascular surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombotic', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['total early postoperative thrombotic complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Acupuncture has been claimed to be effective in restoring consciousness in some @entity772 @entity1 . Possible mechanisms to explain alleged acupuncture-induced arousal may include vasodilatory effects caused by sympathetic stimulation which leads to an augmentation of cerebral microcirculation and thereby improves @entity26 supply to the brain tissue. Experiments were performed in ten albino @entity35 ( @entity35 ) employing @entity4095 microelectrodes which were inserted into the cortex of the animals through small burholes. Brain tissue @entity4095 was continuously recorded before, during, and after acupuncture. Stimulation of certain acupuncture loci (Go-26) resulted in immediate increase of @entity4095 in the frontal cortex of the @entity35 brain. This effect was reproducible. The effect was comparable to that obtained with increase of inspiratory @entity515 known to induce arterial vasodilatation and thus capillary perfusion pressure. The effect was more significant as compared to tissue @entity4095 increases obtained after increase of inspiratory @entity26 concentration from 21% to 100%. It appears that acupuncture causes an increase of brain tissue perfusion which may be, at least in part, responsible for arousal of unconscious @entity1 . Dilatation of cerebral vascular vessels and improvement of autoregulation in the brain by acupuncture stimulation may also explain the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of @entity2704 .

title: Effects of acupuncture on tissue-oxygenation of the XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine headache']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Germ cell @entity43 are curable. The possible sequelae of chemotherapy on long-term survivors are still unknown, but these @entity1 may expect normal lives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and reproductive function in a population of @entity1 treated since 1982. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1982 and 1996, 169 @entity1 with @entity43 were seen (70 @entity5000 , 28 @entity2970 , 24 @entity5 , and 47 @entity44 ). Seventy-one had advanced or recurrent disease. Fertility-sparing surgery was performed in 138 (81%) @entity1 , 81 of whom received postoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 67 months, the survival rate was 94% for @entity5000 , 89% for @entity2970 , 100% for mixed types, and 98% for immature @entity44 . For @entity1 who were treated conservatively, the survival rate was 98%, 90%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Two @entity1 had @entity4134 , and both received salvage treatment. After treatment, all but one postpubertal @entity1 had recovery of menses within 9 months. During follow-up, 12 untreated and 20 treated @entity1 had 55 conceptions. We recorded 40 pregnancies at term, six terminations, and nine miscarriages. Four @entity600 were observed: one in 14 conceptions of @entity1 who had not received chemotherapy and three in 41 conceptions of treated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Irrespective of subtype and stage, conservative surgery should become the standard approach to treating most @entity1 with @entity43 . Fertility seems to be only marginally affected by treatments. Miscarriages are in the expected range for the general population. The @entity600 rate is slightly higher than in the general population, but no significant difference was seen between @entity1 who did and did not receive chemotherapy.

title: Survival and reproductive function after treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'malignant ovarian germ cell tumors', 'malignant germ cell ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'immature teratomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mixed tumors']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['endodermal sinus tumors']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal recurrences']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma', 'dysgerminomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['malignant germ cell ovarian tumors']


abstract: The @entity11332 (hBoV) was first described in 2005 in respiratory tract samples. The clinical relevance of hBoV is still unclear. The aim of our study was to establish a real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of hBoV DNA, to apply the real-time assay for the analysis of stool and serum samples for the presence of hBoV DNA, and to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the hBoV positive samples. A total of 834 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA), 10 serum samples, and 31 stool samples of @entity1 with acute @entity1576 were retrospectively tested. For phylogenetic analysis, 968 bp of the VP2 gene were sequenced from 69 hBoV-positive NPA samples. The qualitative results of the real-time hBoV PCR were in good agreement with a conventional hBoV PCR. We found that 12% of the NPA were positive for hBoV DNA. The median viral load in the NPA was 4.9 x 10(3) copies/ml (range, 2.7 x 10 degrees to 1.5 x 10(11) copies/ml). There was no difference of the hBoV load in NPA between @entity1 with or without known @entity325 , but the load was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity3617 than in @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity410 . hBoV DNA was found in 1 of 10 serum samples and in 14 of 31 stool samples. hBoV sequence identity was >99% in the VP2 region. In conclusion, hBoV DNA can be found in NPA samples at very high titers. In addition to being found in the respiratory tract, hBoV was found in stool samples. The clinical relevance of these findings remains to be determined.

title: Real-time PCR for diagnosis of XXXX infections and phylogenetic analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity11332 :: ('329641', 'Species') :: ['human bocavirus']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['coinfection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

answer: @entity11332 :: (329641,Species) :: ['human bocavirus']


abstract: The goal of the present study was to examine factors affecting @entity73 and recovery in a primate model of cortical @entity1188 . Microelectrode stimulation techniques were used to delineate the hand representation in the primary motor cortex (M1). Microinfarcts affecting approximately 30% of the hand representation were made by electrocoagulation of surface vessels. Electrophysiologic procedures were repeated at 1 month after the @entity1188 to examine changes in motor map topography. Before the @entity1188 , and at approximately 1 week (early period) and 1 month (late period) after the @entity1188 , manual performance was assessed on a reach-and-retrieval task that required skilled use of the digits. Contrary to the expected outcome, @entity73 was inversely related to the amount of digit representation destroyed by the @entity1188 . That is, animals with less involvement of the M1 digit area demonstrated the greatest motor deficit in the early postinfarct period. In addition, improvement in motor performance between early and late postinfarct periods was directly related to a decrease in the extent of the digit + wrist/forearm area in the final postinfarct map. These results suggest that specific aspects of motor-map remodeling are expressions of adaptive mechanisms that underlie functional recovery after @entity64 . Further, they suggest that the adaptive mechanisms underlying postinjury recovery differ in detail from those that operate in normal motor learning. The potential role of compensatory mechanisms in these phenomena is discussed.

title: Factors contributing to @entity73 and recovery after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['early impairment', 'motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Current @entity5 treatments are not adequate to cure @entity5 , as most chemotherapeutic drugs do not differentiate between cancerous and non-cancerous cells; which lead to systemic @entity137 and adverse effects. We have developed a promising approach to deliver a potential anti- @entity5 compound ( @entity6108 ) for @entity2 treatment through pulmonary delivery. Three different sizes of @entity6108 micellar nanoparticles (Cur-NPs) were fabricated and their @entity137 effects (proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression) were evaluated against @entity1149 , @entity1 @entity2 (A549) and @entity1 @entity2220 (Calu-3). The in vitro @entity137 assay showed that Cur-NPs were more effective to kill @entity2 cells compared to @entity3733 -solubilised raw @entity6108 . The potency of the anti- @entity5 killing activities was size-dependent. Both raw @entity6108 and Cur-NPs were not toxic to healthy lung cells (BEAS-2B). Smaller Cur-NPs accumulated within nucleus, membrane and cytoplasm. Cur-NPs also induced apoptosis and caused G2/M arrest in both A549 and @entity1 cell lines. Compared to raw @entity6108 , Cur-NPs were more effective in suppressing the expression of the inflammatory marker, @entity687 ( @entity687 ). The aerosol performance of Cur-NPs was characterized using the next generation impactor (NGI). All Cur-NPs showed promising aerosolization property with mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) ranging between 4.8-5.2 and 2.0-2.1, respectively. This study suggests that inhaled @entity6108 nanoparticles could potentially be used for @entity2 treatment with minimal side effects.

title: Synthesis and Characterization of Inhalable Flavonoid Nanoparticle for XXXX Cell Targeting.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['geometric standard deviation', 'GSD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lentils are the most common legume involved in @entity56 in the Mediterranean area and India. Lentil crops could be attacked by a wide range of insect species. @entity7446 caused by the lentil pest @entity20377 has been described in the present study. OBJECTIVE: We studied the possibility of immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated @entity56 to lentil pests in 16 @entity1 who suffered from @entity56 ( @entity565 and anaphylaxis) related to inhalation of lentil particles or ingestion of lentils, in which sensitization to legume proteins was not clear. METHODS: Extracts prepared either from noninfested and infested lentils, and from the lentil parasite B. lentis were used for skin prick testing (SPT), bronchial and oral challenges and in vitro determinations. RESULTS: Skin prick test were positive to infested lentils and B. lentis in all @entity1 and negative to noninfested lentil extracts. Five @entity748 @entity1 reacted in the bronchial challenge test with Bruchus extract. Oral challenges performed with boiled infested lentils were positive in six of seven @entity1 . Immunoglobulin E immunoblotting with Bruchus and infested lentils extracts revealed protein bands that were reactive to serum IgE from six and four, respectively, out of 16 @entity1 . These @entity1 had no IgE to lentil-specific proteins as determined by immunoblotting and Len c 1-specific IgE test. CONCLUSIONS: Lentil pest proteins can be a cause of IgE-mediated @entity7370 and @entity565 in @entity1 eating or inhaling infested lentil particles.

title: Allergic XXXX to the lentil pest @entity20377 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms', 'allergic reactions', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['Occupational asthma']

entities_list: @entity20377 :: ('MESH:D004479', 'Disease') :: ['Bruchus lentis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether there is a relation between expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and any of the @entity8231 ( @entity8231 ) in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 667 @entity1 with @entity1358 and at least one @entity8231 were included. Thorough history taking, physical examinations, and laboratory tests were used to diagnose @entity8231 . Immunohistochemistry was performed for @entity7 evaluation. RESULTS: There were 10 different @entity8231 identified in the population. Sixty @entity1 had a single paraneoplastic presentation. In all @entity1 , presence of @entity3085 (n = 267, P < 0.0001), @entity6582 (n = 40, P = 0.0014), and @entity2741 (n = 48, P = 0.0006) was correlated to @entity7 expression. Correlation was neither acquired in @entity244 , @entity221 , elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity417 , @entity1148 , @entity101 , @entity9918 nor obtained within @entity1 with single @entity8231 . CONCLUSIONS: Relations between @entity8231 and @entity7 expression in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) has not been studied yet. The results we gained hereby can help us further understand the mechanistic of @entity8231 in @entity1358 .

title: Paraneoplastic symptoms: @entity3085 , @entity6582 , and @entity2741 are, respectively, related to @entity7 ( XXXX ) expression in @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9918 :: ('MESH:C566617', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['RCC', 'renal cell carcinoma', 'clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Stauffer's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['PNS', 'paraneoplastic syndromes']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']