abstract: @entity11621 , in contrast to @entity2624 , can use @entity8687 as the sole @entity505 source. The genetic determinants for this capacity in @entity2491 include four genes, of which three, deoK, deoP, and deoX, constitute an operon. The fourth, deoQ, is transcribed in the opposite direction. The deoK gene encodes deoxyribokinase. In silico analyses indicated that deoP encodes a permease and deoQ encodes a regulatory protein of the deoR family. The deoX gene product showed no match to known proteins in the databases. Deletion analyses showed that both a functional deoP gene and a functional deoX gene were required for optimal utilization of @entity39531 . Using gene fusion technology, we observed that deoQ and the deoKPX operon were transcribed from divergent promoters located in the 324-bp intercistronic region between deoQ and deoK. The deoKPX promoter was 10-fold stronger than the deoQ promoter, and expression was negatively regulated by DeoQ as well as by DeoR, the repressor of the @entity37131 catabolism operon. Transcription of deoKPX but not of deoQ was regulated by catabolite repression. Primer extension analysis identified the transcriptional start points of both promoters and showed that induction by deoxyribose occurred at the level of transcription initiation. Gel retardation experiments with purified DeoQ illustrated that it binds independently to tandem operator sites within the deoQ and deoK promoter regions with K(d) values of 54 and 2.4 nM, respectively.

title: Regulation of expression of the XXXX utilization regulon, deoQKPX, from @entity2491 .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S. enterica serovar Typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity11621 :: ('28901', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella enterica']

entities_list: @entity37131 :: ('CHEBI:18274', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxynucleoside']

entities_list: @entity8687 :: ('CHEBI:28816', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxy-D-ribose']

entities_list: @entity39531 :: ('MESH:D003855', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribose']

entities_list: @entity2624 :: ('83333', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli K12']

answer: @entity8687 :: (CHEBI:28816,Chemical) :: ['2-deoxy-D-ribose']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and @entity137 of escalating doses of @entity1259 and @entity1311 plus fixed dose of @entity2879 and to define the activity of the triplet in extensive @entity151 . Thirteen @entity1 entered the phase I study: the maximum tolerated doses were @entity1259 (EpiDX) 90 mg m-2 and @entity1311 (P) 175 mg m-2 with @entity1398 as dose-limiting @entity137 . The recommended schedule for this regimen for the phase II study was EpiDX 75 mg m-2, P 175 mg m-2, @entity2879 (E) 100 mg m-2 intravenous (fixed dose) days 1-3 with courses repeated every 21 days. The prophylactic use of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) was not allowed. Twenty @entity1 entered the phase II trial: median age was 61 years (range 50-70), median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 (0-2); nine @entity1 had @entity66 and 17 had more than two metastatic sites. A total of 100 courses were administered with a median of 5 (range 1-6) per @entity1 . Main @entity137 (NCI-CTC) was myelosuppression: @entity1398 grades 3 and 4 in 16 and 35% of the courses, respectively. Seven episodes of @entity1398 were documented and one @entity1 required hospital admission. Nonhaematological @entity137 was moderate. Seven out of 19 evaluable @entity1 achieved a complete response (37%), nine @entity1 (47.3%) a partial response with an overall response rate of 84.2% (95% confidence interval=60.4-96.6). In this poor prognostic population of @entity1 the triplet @entity1259 / @entity1311 / @entity2879 showed high antitumour activity with mild nonhaematological side effects. The use of CSFs should be able to improve the haematological profile.

title: @entity1259 / @entity1311 / XXXX in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a phase I-II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['visceral disease']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['disease small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: Purpose. The etiology of neovascular age-related @entity1020 (nAMD) cannot be completely explained by identified environmental risk factors or single-locus gene variants. This study was to explore the potential interactions among gene variants on nAMD in Chinese population. Methods. 43 SNPs located in different genes were genotyped in 932 Chinese individuals (464 nAMD @entity1 and 468 controls). We explored the potential interactions among gene variants using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) algorithm and the method to measure the departure from the additivity model. Results. The joint effect that involved @entity4050 @entity25718 and @entity13588 @entity59384 was shown statistically significant (P < 0.001) with the highest cross-validation consistency (10/10) and the best testing balanced accuracy (64.50%). In addition, based on the method to measure the departure from the additivity model, the synergy index (S) was 2.63 (1.09-6.38) and the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) was 55.7% (21.4%-89.9%), which suggested that a common pathway may exist for these genes for nAMD. Those who carried CC for @entity59384 and TC/CC for @entity25718 were at the highest risk of nAMD (OR: 9.76, 95% CI: 4.65-20.51). Conclusions. Evidence that the joint effect that involved @entity4050 and @entity28250 / @entity13588 may contribute to the risk of neovascular @entity13785 in Chinese population was obtained.

title: Joint Effect of @entity4050 and XXXX / @entity13588 Polymorphisms on Neovascular Age-Related @entity1020 in Chinese Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity28250 :: (387715,Gene) :: ['ARMS2']


abstract: Several recent studies have used antisense oligonucleotides in the nervous system to probe the functional role of particular gene products. Since antisense oligonucleotide-mediated block of gene expression typically involves uptake of the oligonucleotides, we have characterized the mechanism of this uptake into developing neurons from embryonic chickens. Antisense oligonucleotides (15 mers) added to the bathing media are taken up into the embryonic @entity1573 sympathetic neurons maintained in vitro. A portion of the oligonucleotide uptake is temperature dependent and saturates at extracellular oligonucleotide concentrations > or = 20 microM. This temperature sensitive, saturable component is effectively completed by single nucleotides of @entity855 and @entity860 and is reminiscent of receptor-mediated endocytosis of oligonucleotides described in non-neuronal cells. The efficiency of the oligonucleotide uptake system is dependent on the developmental stage of the animal but independent of the number of days that the neurons are maintained in vitro. Following the uptake of antisense oligonucleotides directed against ion channel subunit genes expressed by these neurons (nicotinic @entity934 receptor subunit alpha 3; @entity60699 alpha 3), biophysical assays reveal that the functional expression of the target gene is largely blocked. Thus the number of wild type @entity60699 channels expressed is decreased by approximately 80%-90%. Furthermore, following antisense deletion of alpha 3, "mutant" nAChRs with distinct functional characteristics are expressed. In sum, these studies characterize the uptake of antisense oligonucleotide and demonstrate the functional block of specific gene expression in primary developing neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Uptake of antisense oligonucleotides and functional block of XXXX receptor subunit gene expression in primary embryonic neurons.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of serial thoracocentesis and saline irrigation for the treatment of @entity4327 , for @entity55 versus other causes. METHODS: Included were 42 consecutive @entity1 with complicated @entity1143 (n=14) or frank pus (n=28) at diagnostic thoracocentesis, of mean age 57.5 +/- 23.7 years. @entity55 was the probable cause in 29 @entity1 , other causes (principally thoracic surgery) in 13. In addition to antibiotics in all @entity1 , ultrasonography-guided serial suction thoracocentesis with saline irrigation was used as therapy of first choice in most @entity1 : 28/29 @entity55 and 9/13 non-pneumonic @entity3509 . Exceptions were mainly on the grounds of preceding thoracic surgery. RESULTS: Success rate was 86% in the @entity55 group, with no crossovers to more invasive therapy. Mortality was 14%, none @entity3509 -related. Treatment was less successful in the @entity55 group at 69%, with a 56% crossover rate from thoracocentesis due to therapy failure. Mortality was 23 %. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that timely, minimally invasive therapy is a feasible modality for the management of @entity4327 . Serial thoracocentesis was less suitable for the treatment of non-pneumonic @entity3509 , however, particularly if it was a surgical complication. More invasive strategies seem preferable in such cases.

title: Minimally invasive treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['non-pneumonia', 'Pneumonia', 'post-pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['pleural empyema', 'post-pneumonia thoracic empyema']

answer: @entity4327 :: (MESH:D016724,Disease) :: ['thoracic empyema']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the indications, complications, and long-term outcomes with the use of a Gundersen flap for the treatment of various ocular surface conditions in an Asian population. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. STUDY SUBJECTS: Twenty-five eyes of 25 subjects who had undergone conjunctival flap surgery performed from 1999 to 2004 at the Singapore National Eye Centre. METHODS: Review of case records for indications and outcomes of @entity1 undergoing Gundersen flap surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgical success was defined as attainment of a stable ocular surface with resolution of symptoms and no flap retraction or dehiscence resulting in reexposure of the corneal surface. Complications to be noted included @entity281 , progression of the inflammatory or infectious disease process beneath the flap, flap loss from @entity2543 , and epithelial cyst formation. RESULTS: Surgical success was achieved in all eyes. Intraoperative and @entity260 were encountered in 6 @entity1 (24%). One case had a buttonhole, 3 cases had partial flap retractions, and 2 had epithelial inclusion cysts. CONCLUSIONS: The Gundersen flap is still an important procedure and should be considered as a means of stabilizing globe integrity in the management of cases of severe @entity2194 , particularly when visual potential is poor.

title: Gundersen flaps in the management of XXXX in an Asian population.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular surface disease']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ingrowth']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular surface disease']


abstract: The intestine is one of the major organs that are involved in @entity295 . The inducible isoform of @entity842 synthase ( @entity1506 ) is known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of septic tissue injury by generating excess amount of @entity842 (NO) in response to cytokines and endotoxin. In this study, we examined changes in gene expression of @entity1506 in various regions of the intestine as well as the distribution of @entity1506 protein in the intestinal cells in a @entity35 model of @entity5694 produced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 mg/kg). While @entity1506 mRNA was undetectable in the intestine of untreated control animals, it underwent marked induction following LPS treatment. Induction of @entity1506 mRNA in the ileum was marked and biphasic, while it was also marked but monophasic in the jejunum. The induction of @entity1506 mRNA was maximal in the ileum. The administration of @entity568 ( @entity568 ) upregulated intestinal @entity1506 gene expression specifically in the ileum. Consistent with enhanced @entity1506 gene expression, @entity1506 protein was markedly expressed in the ileum after LPS treatment, exclusively in the mucosal epithelium both at crypt and villus cells, although more prominently in the former. These findings suggested that intestinal @entity1506 expression was upregulated both at transcriptional and protein levels not only in a site-specific, but also in a cell type-specific manner in a @entity35 model of @entity5694 , possibly through increasing serum @entity568 levels. Differential regulation of @entity1506 expression along the longitudinal and crypt-villus axes of the gut might be a determinant of the pattern of @entity295 -induced @entity16 .

title: Site- and cell-type- specific induction of intestinal inducible @entity842 synthase in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal damage']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: In the biotherapy for @entity5 , microvessel permeability is the main barrier for large molecular antibody-coupled antitumor drugs to enter the @entity5 mass. @entity112 may enrich these drugs in the @entity5 matrix through enhancing microvessel permeability and tissue-fluid formation. This study was to investigate whether the increased microvessel permeability and more tissue fluid formation could increase the probability of lymphatic or hemal @entity3 of @entity5 cells. METHODS: Cultured @entity320 B16 cells were inoculated into the left armpit of C57BL/6 @entity19 to develop @entity320 . Five days after inoculation, the test group were injected subcutaneously at the dorsal part with @entity112 (300 mg/kg) every other day for 5 times, while the control group were given normal saline. The @entity3 statuses in the lymph node, liver, lung, spleen, and brain were examined by histochemistry. Student t-test and Fisher's exact test were used respectively to analyze the effects of @entity112 on @entity5 growth and @entity3 . RESULTS: All the @entity19 developed @entity320 after inoculation. At the end of the experiment, the @entity5 weight was significantly lighter in test group than in control group [(5.26 +/- 1.55) g vs. (6.96 +/- 1.31) g, P < 0.01]. The lymphatic and hemal @entity3 rates were significantly lower in test group than in control group (33.3% vs. 75.0%, P < 0.05; 25.0% vs. 75.0%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity112 can inhibit the @entity3 of @entity320 B16 cells in C57BL/6 @entity19 either through lymphatic or hemal route, and this partly because of its inhibitory effect on @entity5 growth.

title: [Effect of @entity112 on @entity3 of @entity320 B16 cell xenograft in C57BL/6 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gastrointestinal risk factors after organ transplantation are prevalent, due to the chronic use of immunosuppressant. The immunosuppressive drugs such as @entity1140 / @entity618 ( @entity11636 / @entity2098 ) association are the most commonly used therapy. @entity11636 and @entity2098 have been implicated in gastrotoxicity, but their direct effects, alone and combined, on intestinal cells are not completely elucidated. This study investigated the effect of @entity11636 and @entity2098 alone and combined on @entity1 @entity694 cells. Our results demonstrated that @entity11636 and @entity2098 individually inhibit clearly cells proliferation, enhanced free radicals, lipid peroxidation production, induced DNA lesions and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. In this study, we also showed that the two molecules @entity11636 and @entity2098 combined at high concentrations amplified the cell damage. Furthermore, the @entity11636 (5   M) prevented cell death induced by @entity2098 (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)). Also, @entity2098 (50   M) induced cytoprotection in HCT116 cells against @entity11636 (IC50) @entity137 . Our findings provide additional evidence that oxidative damage is the major contribution of @entity11636 and @entity2098 combined @entity137 . In fact, @entity2098 and @entity11636 exert a gastroprotective effect by modulating reactive @entity26 species production. These data underscore the pleiotropic effect of @entity11636 and @entity2098 on HCT116 cells that play a preventive and critical role on intestinal function.

title: XXXX and @entity618 associations: Induction of oxidative stress or antioxidant effect?

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['Tacrolimus']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate experimentally whether there is a superior effect of the combination of hepatic @entity1416 with portal vein infusion over either of the two treatment modalities alone. @entity7283 cells transplanted under the liver capsule of @entity35 were used as a model. @entity5 growth was assessed at 7 and 21 days after @entity5 inoculation. The @entity8403 solution Ethibloc was employed for embolization, and @entity1487 was used as a chemotherapeutic agent for both infusion and chemo-embolization. All arterial treatment modalities were administered in a super-selective manner. There was no intolerable @entity137 after dosages of 55 to 125 mg @entity1487 /kg body weight. With regard to therapeutic efficacy the results show that embolization is an effective therapeutic means for inducing @entity5 @entity39 in selected liver areas. As a consequence, the ranking of all treatment modalities was based on the combined evaluation of @entity5 size and extent of @entity5 @entity39 . According to this evaluation, hepatic @entity1416 was superior to the respective type of infusion (P<0.01). In addition, the combination of both modalities in the form of hepatic @entity1416 and portal vein infusion was effective in destroying more than 97% of vital @entity5 tissue (P<0.01). These results suggest the need for a comparative clinical study.

title: Superiority of combined chemo-embolization and portal infusion with XXXX over locoregional infusion concepts in @entity7283 -bearing @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8403 :: ('MESH:D010665', 'Chemical') :: ['prolamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['artery chemo-embolization']

entities_list: @entity7283 :: ('MESH:D008114', 'Disease') :: ['Novikoff hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity130 is common among adults and @entity1 . As @entity1 become mobile, they frequently experience @entity130 to their primary @entity4500 because of falls. Injuries to permanent @entity4500 are common results of falls, motor vehicle accidents, @entity2587 , and violence. @entity130 can affect the tooth enamel, dentin, pulp, root, periodontal ligament, gum, or alveolar bone. @entity155 are characterized by complete displacement of the tooth from the socket. Avulsed primary @entity4500 should not be replanted because replantation is associated with a risk of damage to the developing permanent tooth. Avulsed permanent @entity4500 are considered a dental emergency and should be replanted by the first individual capable of doing so. If immediate replantation is not possible, the tooth should be stored in cold animal or @entity1 milk; it also can be stored in the mouth, adjacent to the buccal mucosa, if the @entity1 is capable of doing so. Water should be avoided as a storage medium because it impedes healing of the periodontal ligament, but storage in water is superior to dry storage. Intruded @entity4500 (ie, pushed into the jaw) may need immediate extraction, depending on their orientation. All @entity1 with dental @entity130 should follow up promptly with a dentist. @entity1 presenting with chronic @entity158 without an obvious treatable etiology will benefit from ongoing support from their family physicians.

title: Oral Health: Treatment of @entity130 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['sports injuries']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['Avulsions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['dental pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Dental trauma', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: @entity558 ( @entity558 ) and coated vesicles (CVs) were investigated in the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) of @entity1 and @entity95 . In both species @entity558 and CVs show the typical coat of bristles radiating from their convex surface. @entity558 originate only from invaginations of the basal and apical cell membrane. The bipolar distribution of @entity558 is reflected in the distribution of CVs, which are most concentrated near the basal and apical cell boundaries. Neither fusion of CVs with the cytoplasmic organelles nor the presence of receptosomes could be demonstrated. The distribution patterns of @entity558 , CVs, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria are very similar in @entity989 of @entity1 and @entity95 . Moreover, as compared with other ocular tissues. CVs found in @entity989 differ both in size and distribution from those found in the pigment epithelium of the pars plana ciliaris and in trabecular endothelial cells. This peculiarity might indicate that receptor-mediated endocytosis via CVs plays a role in the transport across @entity989 of substances that are specific to this epithelium. Some analogies between the specificity of size and distribution of CVs in @entity989 and the process of internalization and transport of @entity5995 are suggested.

title: Identification and distribution of coated vesicles in the @entity989 of @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['Coated pits', 'CPs']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity3477 efficacy was studied in a prospective open controlled incomparable surveillance of 22 @entity1 at the age of 24 to 78 years (the average of 56.6 +/- 15.9 years old) with extended secondary @entity298 that developed before the hospitalization or not later than 48 hours after the hospitalization. @entity3477 ( @entity3477 ) was used in a dose of 400 mg every 24 hours at first intravenously as infusions and then orally in the same dose. The @entity1320 was severe (APACHE II of 6 to 12, the average of 8.0 +/- 2.2), in 6 (27.3%) @entity1 signs of severe @entity295 with polyorganic insufficiency were observed. The intravenous therapy was used for 3 to 7 days (the average of 3.91 +/- 0.92 days) and the oral therapy was used for 2 to 7 days (the average of 4.50 + 1.37 days). The total time of the treatment was 7 to 12 days (the average of 8.45 +/- 1.53 days). The recovery was recorded in 20 out of the 22 @entity1 (90.9%), disappearance of the main signs of @entity298 being observed within 3-5 days of the treatment. Before the treatment 34 microbial strains were isolated. The most frequent pathogens were @entity526 (35.4%) and @entity797 (20.6%). In the etiological structure of the community-acquired @entity298 gramnegative enterobacteria prevailed (65%). All the isolates (except 1 strain of @entity797 ) were susceptible to @entity3477 . The pathogen eradication was stated in 17 out of 18 @entity1 (94.4%). Moderate adverse reactions were observed in 3 @entity1 . @entity3477 evidently showed high clinical and bacteriological efficacies in the hospitalized @entity1 with complicated intraabdominal infection including severe @entity1661 with the syndrome of polyorganic insufficiency. It can be used for monotherapy of @entity1 with secondary extended @entity298 .

title: [Efficacy of @entity3477 in the treatment of secondary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['Avelox', 'moxifloxacin', 'Moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to demonstrate whether the @entity1 amniotic membrane (HAM) as an interpositional material could prevent @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) reankylosis in the randomized @entity95 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our experimental study, 24 New Zealand white @entity95 were used and all right joints were operated. The @entity95 were divided into 2 groups. The first group was specified as the demonstration group (n = 8). In this group, @entity82 formation was shown experimentally. The @entity95 in the second group, the treatment group (n = 16), were divided into 2 subgroups: gap arthroplasty, performed in group A (n = 8); and HAM, used as an interpositional arthroplasty material in group B (n = 8). RESULTS: In all @entity95 , the range of @entity89 and weight decreased after induction of @entity3947 . After surgical treatment of @entity82 , the vertical, right, and left movements of the jaw and weights of @entity95 increased immediately. The results were evaluated clinically, macroscopically, histologically, and radiologically. There was a statistically significant difference in the @entity89 between groups A and B (P < .05). All operated joints in group A showed fibrous adhesions across the gap, and the articular surface was irregular with @entity5040 and bony islands on the joint surface. In group B, no fibrous adhesions were observed. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that interpositional arthroplasty with HAM was superior to gap arthroplasty in the @entity95 model in preventing @entity3947 .

title: Use of XXXX amniotic membrane as an interpositional material in treatment of @entity1348 @entity3947 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw movements']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To study the influence of hypoallergenic milk on the occurrence of @entity56 , thirty-three high risk, normal full-term newborns were divided into two groups with comparable family @entity566 score (FAS) and cord serum IgE. Group A consisted of 18 babies fed since birth with regular formula, while group B included 15 babies fed breast milk and/or NAN H.A. (Hypoallergenic @entity1 formula) for the first 6 months of life. Close clinical observations for the appearance of @entity483 , @entity2023 and wheezing as well as serial examination of total serum IgE and milk-specific IgE antibodies were done during the first year of life. The results showed: 1) @entity1 fed regular formula had a higher incidence of moderate to severe @entity483 ( @entity483 ) and @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) than those fed NAN H.A. (39% vs 13% for @entity483 ; and 33% vs 13% for @entity2023 ), but the difference was not significant. There was no difference in the incidence of wheezing between these two groups; 2) There was no relationship between cord blood IgE and FAS; 3) Neither the cord blood IgE nor FAS influenced the occurrence of @entity56 and total serum IgE at one year of age; 4) Hypoallergenic milk (NAN H.A.) could support normal growth and development. In conclusion, a higher incidence of moderate to severe @entity483 and @entity2023 was found in high risk @entity1 fed regular formula than in those fed hypoallergenic milk. However, a study with a larger number of babies and a longer period of follow-up is needed to obtain a solid conclusion.

title: The effect of hypoallergenic formula on the occurrence of XXXX in high risk @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify and evaluate @entity29714 variant alleles among @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) and age-matched control subjects in an Indian population. METHODS: Three hundred fifteen @entity1 with @entity725 and 100 unrelated control subjects from the same ethnic background were enrolled in the study. The coding sequence of @entity29714 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using genomic DNA, followed by sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction products. Four single @entity4334 polymorphisms were genotyped in different Indian subpopulations comprising 1466 individuals using SEQUENOM's homogeneous MassEXTEND assay. RESULTS: One novel mutation ( @entity61072 ), 6 reported mutations ( @entity61073 , @entity61074 , @entity61075 , @entity30607 , @entity46836 , and @entity61076 ), and 6 single @entity4334 polymorphisms were identified in @entity29714 . @entity61076 was identified in a @entity1 with @entity725 and @entity191 . Four single @entity4334 polymorphisms genotyped in control subjects were highly heterozygous and displayed a similar pattern of linkage disequilibrium among all linguistic groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity29714 mutations account for 2.2% of @entity725 cases. The @entity30607 mutation (common among @entity1 of the white race) found in 2 families does not seem to be of white race origin. Identification of a @entity29714 mutation ( @entity61076 ) in a @entity1 with @entity725 and @entity191 is interesting with respect to reported interaction of @entity29714 with synucleins. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Studying the genetics of @entity725 is helpful for preclinical identification and for better disease management.

title: XXXX variants in Indian @entity1 with open-angle glaucoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity61073 :: ('p|SUB|Q|48|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gln48His']

entities_list: @entity30607 :: ('p|SUB|Q|368|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gln368Stop']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease']

entities_list: @entity46836 :: ('p|SUB|P|370|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Pro370Leu']

entities_list: @entity61072 :: ('p|SUB|G|399|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gly399Asp']

entities_list: @entity61075 :: ('p|SUB|T|353|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr353Ile']

entities_list: @entity61076 :: ('p|SUB|A|427|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala427Thr']

entities_list: @entity61074 :: ('p|SUB|T|256|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr256Met']

answer: @entity29714 :: (4653,Gene) :: ['Myocilin']


abstract: The nonrandom recurrent nature of @entity2008 in @entity1582 suggests a role for them in disease pathogenesis. We performed a careful cytogenetic analysis of @entity1 with abnormal karyotypes (n = 254), to discern patterns of association, search for novel abnormalities and elucidate clinical implications. @entity1 with karyotypic abnormalities suggestive of @entity2590 /acute @entity1778 were excluded. In this study we compared survival by abnormality only between @entity1 with abnormal karyotypes. @entity1 with abnormalities were more likely to have features of aggressive disease as compared to all other @entity1 without abnormalities entered into the @entity1582 database (lower hemoglobin, higher @entity2262 , labeling-index and plasmocytosis; all P < 0.0001). Several groups of @entity1 could be readily identified; hypodiploid (22%), pseudodiploid (36%), @entity981 (31%) and near-tetraploid (11%). Clustering associations were seen among several trisomies and monosomy of chromosome 13 and 14. Several monosomies (-2, -3, -13, -14 and -19), 1p translocations/ deletions, and hypodiploidy were associated with a significantly shorter survival. Trisomy of chromosome 13 was rare ( <2%). Even among @entity1 with abnormal karyotypes, specific @entity2008 can impart biologic variability in @entity1582 , including several monosomies, @entity854 .

title: @entity2008 clustering and its implications for pathogenesis and prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta(2)-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['hypodiploidy and abnormalities of 1p']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between clinical, demographic, and psychological factors and the functional Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and psychological HAQ (PSHAQ) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: After a mean followup time of 7 years after diagnosis, 112 @entity1 with @entity309 were asked to fill out the HAQ and the PSHAQ. Several clinical variables [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 , VAS general well-being, Thompson joint score, and @entity7127 ] had been assessed at diagnosis and at followup. In addition, the Impact of @entity627 on General health and Lifestyle questionnaire, comprising different domains of @entity458 , was assessed at diagnosis. Spearman correlations were calculated to determine associations between functional HAQ and clinical and psychological variables at baseline and to determine the associations between clinical variables and the HAQ and PSHAQ score at followup. Univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify possible predictors at diagnosis for a worse HAQ score and PSHAQ score (score > 1) at followup. RESULTS: At followup the functional HAQ score was associated with all clinical variables, whereas the PSHAQ was only associated with more subjective @entity1 related variables ( @entity227 , VAS general well-being, and @entity7127 ). The final model of the multivariate regression analyses to predict a worse HAQ score at followup only included worse functional ability [odds ratio (OR) 2.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-5.32, p = 0.007]. @entity148 (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.24, p = 0.007) and a lower ESR value (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-1.00, p = 0.05) assessed at diagnosis were included into the final model as predictors for a high PSHAQ score. CONCLUSION: Overall, the HAQ score, reflecting limitations of daily functioning, is a good representation of disease activity at diagnosis and after a mean disease duration of 7 years, whereas PSHAQ is not.

title: Functional Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Psychological HAQ Are Associated with and Predicted by Different Factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity7127 :: ('MESH:D048968', 'Disease') :: ['morning stiffness']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: We describe a case of a @entity1 with a diagnosis of moderate @entity4207 with challenging behaviour and treatment @entity302 . Antiepileptics can increase challenging behaviour; however, antipsychotics can provoke @entity410 . This results in a difficult balance for @entity1 care. Due to worsening @entity410 , the @entity1 was prescribed perampanel. This increased her aggression and @entity2146 resulting in admission. We trialled four antipsychotic drugs to reduce her challenging behaviour, two of which worsened her @entity410 . It was necessary to continue antiepileptic medication to maintain adequate @entity410 control. However, the resulting uncontrolled challenging behaviour persisted, meaning she was unable to return to her family home on discharge. This case emphasises the difficult scenario clinician's encounter when balancing the use of antipsychotics and antiepileptics. The case demonstrates the significant functional loss due to challenging behaviour, balanced against controlling life threatening @entity410 .

title: Perampanel and challenging behaviour in intellectual disability and XXXX : a management dilemma.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disability']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of their ability to increase nerve conduction in demyelinated nerve fibers, @entity972 channel blockers @entity973 (AP) and @entity5129 ( @entity6136 ) have been proposed as a symptomatic therapy for @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of @entity38146 in improving @entity51 in @entity1 with @entity15 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Computerised general (MEDLINE, EMBASE) and specialised databases (Cochrane @entity15 Group's trials register, CCTR). Hand search of bibliographic references from retrieved studies and recent @entity15 symposia reports. Contact with principal investigators of known studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Trials were included if they fulfilled all following criteria: randomised controlled trials (RCTs); adults with @entity15 , out of exacerbation; AP or @entity6136 treatment versus placebo; clinical endpoints. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We identified 26 potentially pertinent studies. Three reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial quality from the 16 studies available as full papers. MAIN RESULTS: Five studies (six publications) and 144 @entity1 were considered in this review. Two more abstracts are awaiting assessment. All five studies were single-centre, double-blind, crossover trials. Four studies assessed the efficacy of AP versus placebo, one compared @entity6136 with active placebo. The duration of treatment ranged from hours to three months. The median quality score of the studies was 3 (range 2-5). The heterogeneity of outcome assessment and the absence of information on individual study periods, allowed quantitative pooling of results for few categorical variables. Of the 144 treated @entity1 , there were six major side effects: one acute @entity75 , three episodes of @entity911 , and two @entity410 . Manual muscle testing was assessed in three studies (54 @entity1 ), with 29 @entity1 (54%) improving in at least one muscular district during study treatment versus four @entity1 (7%) during placebo (odds ratio [OR] 14.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7-43.7). Ambulation was assessed in three studies (54 @entity1 ): 9 @entity1 (17%) improved during study treatment versus none during placebo (p<0.001). An improvement in EDSS score was found in 13 of the 144 @entity1 during study treatment (9%) versus none during placebo (p<0.001). No improvement in neuropsychological tests was found in the two trials that evaluated cognitive function. Finally, 47 of 136 @entity1 with @entity15 (35%) felt improved when receiving the study drug, against 7(5%) on placebo (OR 9.7, 95% CI 4.3-22.0). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Based on currently available information, no unbiased statement can be made about the safety or efficacy of @entity38146 for treating @entity15 symptoms. Furthermore, we could not obtain any data on three unpublished RCTs involving more than 300 @entity1 . We conclude that publication bias remains a pervasive problem in this area, and that until the results of these unpublished studies are available to the scientific community, no confident estimate of effectiveness of @entity38146 in the management of @entity15 symptoms is possible.

title: XXXX for symptomatic treatment in @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity38146 :: ('MESH:D000631', 'Chemical') :: ['aminopyridines']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity5129 :: ('MESH:C016361', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4-diaminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity38146 :: (MESH:D000631,Chemical) :: ['Aminopyridines']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2100 ( @entity2100 ) reveals itself as dysmorphic stigmata, systemic manifestations, @entity16 and cognitive-behavioural manifestations. @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) and @entity71 ( @entity71 ) nearly always appear as examples of this last case, but most @entity1 also present a series of fairly common behavioural characteristics. The most characteristic types of conduct seen in @entity2100 include: @entity3180 , lack of attention, @entity2915 , @entity148 , shyness, behavioural problems, stereotypical hand flapping, gaze aversion, obstinacy and @entity146 . AIMS: The purpose of this work is to determine which behavioural aspects of the syndrome are linked to the genetic specificity and are not, therefore, determined by @entity1032 and @entity71 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Three groups of @entity1 were compared: 30 @entity1 diagnosed as suffering from @entity2100 , 30 @entity1 with @entity1032 caused by diverse aetiologies and 323 @entity1 diagnosed as suffering from @entity71 . RESULTS: It was found that there were no significant differences between the IQ and the age of the @entity2100 and @entity1032 groups. To determine the behavioural characteristics of the three groups the parents of the @entity1 answered @entity195 /4-18 survey. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show that certain types of conduct that are very typical of @entity2100 are represented significantly more frequently in the @entity2100 group than in the groups of @entity1 with @entity1032 and @entity71 . This behaviour includes: timidity, attachment to adults, shyness, repetition of certain actions over and over again, pronunciation and speech problems, fear of animals, situations or places, and concern for tidiness and cleanliness. These findings lend support to the idea that the behavioural phenotype of @entity2100 is linked to the @entity74 and is not, therefore, a consequence of @entity1032 or @entity71 .

title: [Can the behavioural phenotype of XXXX be @entity1032 and to @entity71 ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'Mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language problems']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['FXS', 'Fragile X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Achenbach's CBCL"]

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['fragile X syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is difficult to predict survival in @entity1 with @entity2416 . Recently, several proteins, such as surfactant protein (SP) and @entity2355 , have been reported to be useful biologic markers for prediction of prognosis for @entity401 . It is not clear whether there is any relationship between expression of these proteins in regenerative/hyperplastic alveolar epithelial cells and prognosis of @entity16058 ( @entity16058 ). OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to elucidate the clinical significance of the expression of such lung secretory proteins as @entity3231 and @entity2355 in lung tissues of @entity1 with @entity16058 . METHODS: We retrospectively investigated the immunohistochemical expression of @entity3231 , @entity2355 , cytokeratin (CK), and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) in alveolar epithelial cells in lung tissues obtained from surgical lung biopsy in 43 @entity1 with @entity16058 , and analyzed the correlation between expression of these markers and the prognosis of each IIP @entity1 . CK and EMA were used as general markers for epithelial cells. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ), the ratio of @entity3231 positive epithelial cells to all alveolar epithelial cells ( @entity3231 positive ratio) in the collapsed and mural @entity82 areas varied, ranging from cases where almost all alveolar epithelial cells expressed @entity3231 to cases where only a few did. On the other hand, in many @entity1 with @entity401 ( @entity401 ), many of the alveolar epithelial cells in the diseased areas expressed @entity3231 . The @entity3231 positive ratio was significantly lower in @entity1 who died from progression of @entity2416 than in @entity1 with @entity2416 who remained stable or deteriorated but did not die. In @entity401 @entity1 , a similar tendency was noted between the @entity3231 positive ratio and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the paucity of immunohistochemical @entity3231 expression in alveolar epithelial cells in diseased areas (i.e. regenerative/hyperplastic alveolar epithelial cells) may predict a worse prognosis for @entity1 with @entity16058 , especially @entity1 with @entity2416 . A prospective study is needed to confirm these results.

title: Prognostic value of immunohistochemical XXXX expression in regenerative/hyperplastic alveolar epithelial cells in @entity16058 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonias', 'IIPs']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['UIP', 'usual interstitial pneumonia', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['nonspecific interstitial pneumonia', 'NSIP', 'interstitial pneumonias']

answer: @entity3231 :: (653509,Gene) :: ['surfactant protein A']


abstract: AIM: @entity414 (AAU) calculi are a rare @entity1791 in developed countries but are endemic in developing countries. We assessed the features of @entity1791 in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: We reviewed hospital charts of @entity1 with @entity1791 who were treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and endourological procedures at Sagamidai Hospital (Kanagawa, Japan) from January 1992 to December 2001. On the basis of the results of stone analysis with an infrared spectrophotometer, AAU stones were found. RESULTS: Of 8664 @entity1791 that we reviewed, 33 calculi (0.38%) from 29 @entity1 contained AAU crystals. From crystallographic findings, we defined two types of AAU-containing stones: pure and mixed @entity1791 . Pure @entity1791 were seen in 13 stones from 10 @entity1 and mixed AAU in 20 stones from 19 @entity1 . We found significant differences between the groups: the pure AAU group predominantly consisted of young, thin @entity1 and the mixed group consisted of middle-aged @entity1 . Laboratory findings showed trends of low levels of serum protein, @entity972 , and urine pH in the pure AAU group. CONCLUSIONS: Because each type of @entity1791 is associated with different @entity1 characteristics and pathophysiological features, it is important to understand the type of @entity1791 in @entity1 with calculi.

title: XXXX @entity1791 in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis', 'AAU urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['Ammonium acid urate']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['Ammonium acid urate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity995 is a @entity5 of childhood with an incidence of 1: 20 000. @entity995 gene ( @entity996 ) is a @entity5 suppressor gene that is located on the long arm of chromosome 13 at region 14. This study was to evaluate the constitutional monoallelic @entity996 deletion among @entity995 families. METHODS: Nine families with an affected Rb proband were evaluated. Clinical examination, pedigree analysis, and complete eye examination were given to @entity1 , their sibs and parents. Standard cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses were carried out for all of them. Also, two sib fetuses were tested for @entity996 deletion. RESULTS: No @entity154 were detected in any @entity1 . Developmental milestones were within normal limit except in one proband who had a mild delay. The age of onset ranged from one month to 4 years. Positive family history was found in two families. In one, the father and 3 sibs had @entity995 , and in the other, 2 sibs were affected, but the parents were free. Chromosomal study revealed no abnormalities in all parents and sibs. Two @entity1 had mosaic chromosome 13 abnormalities, 46,XY/46,XY,del(13)(pter-->q14:) and 46,XX/46,inv(13)(q14q22). FISH analysis detected mosaic @entity996 deletion in two @entity1 and excluded @entity996 deletion in two fetuses. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of genetic alterations affecting the @entity996 locus is important for the establishment of carriers, and prenatal and presymptomatic diagnosis. The search for deleted @entity996 mosaic cell lines is important for genetic counseling. Germline mutation may be considered as genetic transmission method of the @entity996 gene.

title: Constitutional @entity995 gene deletion in Egyptian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroblastic tumor']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few recent published consensus guidelines regarding @entity360 . In 2003, the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology sponsored a set of 20 recommendations. AIM: To compare current Canadian clinical practice patterns with these most recent guidelines. METHODS: Data obtained from the Canadian Registry of @entity1 with @entity360 and Endoscopy (RUGBE), complemented by a questionnaire sent out to the 18 participating RUGBE sites, were used to compare present practice with all 20 guidelines. RESULTS: Only three RUGBE sites had an explicit written protocol for @entity360 , and only 40% of the sites had support staff available after hours. The Blatchford prognostic scale was not used routinely, and only one site used the Rockall score for risk stratification. Most @entity1 classified as low-risk according to the literature had endoscopy within 24 h and a median length of stay of two days compared with high-risk @entity1 who underwent endoscopy approximately 4 h earlier, had a median length of stay of 4.3 days and displayed a higher mortality. Nineteen per cent of all @entity1 had a routine second-look endoscopy. Proton pump inhibitors were frequently used in the acute setting. Thirteen per cent of all @entity1 rebled and only 34% of these received a second endoscopy. One-half of all @entity1 were tested for @entity1534 while in hospital, mostly by histology, and one-third of those who tested positive received @entity1534 eradication during their hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Compared with recommendations put forward in the new guidelines, clinical practice before guideline publication was variable. The future level of guideline adherence and @entity1 outcome data should be quantified and monitored as the guidelines are disseminated.

title: A sampling of Canadian practice in managing XXXX before recent guideline publication: is there room for improvement?

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding', 'Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: @entity1010 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is thought to reflect irreversible tissue damage leading to persistent clinical deficit. Little is known about the rate of @entity194 in specific brain regions in relation to specific clinical deficits. We determined the displacement of the brain surface between two T1-weighted MRI images obtained at baseline and after a median follow-up time of 2.2 years for 79 recently diagnosed, mildly disabled @entity15 @entity1 . Voxel- and cluster-wise permutation-based statistics were used to identify brain regions in which @entity194 development was significantly related to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Timed Walk Test (TWT), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and 9-Hole Peg Test (HPT). Clusters were considered significant at a corrected cluster-wise p-value of 0.05. Worse EDSS change-score and worse follow-up EDSS were related to @entity194 development of periventricular and brainstem regions and right-sided parietal, occipital and temporal regions. Worse PASAT at follow-up was significantly related to @entity194 of the ventricles. A worse TWT change-score and worse follow-up TWT were exclusively related to @entity194 around the ventricles and of the brainstem. Worse HPT change-score and worse follow-up HPT of either arm were significantly related to the @entity194 of widely distributed peripheral regions, as well as @entity194 of periventricular and brainstem regions. Our findings suggest that decline in ambulatory function is related to @entity194 of central brain regions exclusively, whereas decline in neurologically more complex tasks for coordinated hand function is related to @entity194 of both central and peripheral brain regions.

title: Regional @entity1010 development is related to specific aspects of clinical dysfunction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['Brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine and timely determination of total serum @entity648 (TSB) remains a challenge in many resource-limited countries with substantial burden of severe neonatal @entity3638 . Limited evidence exists on the potential usefulness of transcutaneous @entity648 (TcB) to identify @entity1 who may require phototherapy based on possible treatment criteria in such settings. OBJECTIVE: To compare the number of @entity1 requiring phototherapy across different TSB criteria and determine the predictive performance of TcB under each criterion. METHODS: @entity1 with paired TcB and TSB measurements in a maternity hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, were assessed for phototherapy based on TSB criteria by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) UK, and World Health Organization (WHO), and an absolute threshold of >= 12 mg/dL. The predictive performance of TcB across treatment criteria was evaluated with receiver operating curve analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1,011 @entity1 with a mean TcB of 10.54    3.19 (range: 2.7-19.9) mg/dL and TSB of 9.63    2.61 (range: 0.3-19.5) mg/dL were assessed. Some 60 (5.9%) @entity1 required phototherapy by 1 or more TSB criteria, with TSB >= 12 mg/dL identifying 55 (91.7%) and AAP 27 (45%) of these @entity1 . All @entity1 identified by the NICE and WHO criteria were equally detected by the AAP criterion. TcB showed negative predictive values of 99.0-99.9%, and positive predictive values of 7.7-15.5% across all criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The number of @entity1 requiring phototherapy varies significantly across treatment criteria. TcB may be useful in identifying @entity1 who do not require phototherapy, but may also identify a high proportion of false positives that is burdensome in resource-limited settings.

title: Use of Transcutaneous XXXX to Determine the Need for Phototherapy in Resource-Limited Settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity648 :: (MESH:D001663,Chemical) :: ['Bilirubin']


abstract: Next-generation sequencing was used to identify Notch mutations in a large collection of diverse @entity5 . @entity125 and @entity126 rearrangements leading to constitutive receptor activation were confined to @entity0 ( @entity0 ; 6 of 66 @entity5 ). @entity0 cell lines with @entity125 rearrangements associated with high levels of activated @entity125 (N1-ICD) were sensitive to the gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) @entity17900 , both alone and in combination with @entity1311 , in vitro and in vivo, whereas cell lines with @entity126 rearrangements were resistant to GSI. Immunohistochemical staining of N1-ICD in @entity0 xenografts correlated with responsiveness, and expression levels of the direct Notch target gene @entity41693 correlated with outcome in @entity1 with @entity0 . Activating @entity125 point mutations were also identified in other @entity5 , including @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ). Notably, @entity2347 primary @entity5 xenografts with activating @entity125 mutations and high N1-ICD levels were sensitive to GSI, whereas @entity5 without @entity125 mutations were resistant. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity125 mutations, immunohistochemical staining for activated @entity125 , and @entity41693 expression are biomarkers that can be used to identify @entity5 that are likely to respond to GSI-based therapies. @entity5 Discov; 4(10); 1154-67.   2014 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1103.

title: Discovery of Biomarkers Predictive of GSI Response in Triple-Negative XXXX and @entity2347 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['TNBC', 'triple-negative breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'N1-ICD-low tumors', 'Cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a recent concept and the burning topic of research today. Various studies have been reported in western literature on TNBCs or the similar group of @entity5 , all highlighting the poor prognostic features of this molecular subtype in comparison to the other types of @entity0 . However extensive data from India is lacking. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical profile of TNBcs at our institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on 171 @entity1 of TNBCs registered at this hospital between 2005 and 2008 and followed up until December 2010 was collected and reviewed for epidemiological and clinical features. RESULTS: The median age at presentation was 49 years (22-75 years). Sixty eight @entity1 (40%) had lump in the breast of less than 1 month duration. Fourteen (8%) were nulliparous and 10 (7%) @entity1 had crossed the age of 30 years at first full-term pregnancy, 89 (52%) were pre or peri-menopausal at presentation. Only 8 (5%) @entity1 had a family history of @entity5344 . One hundred and six (62%) @entity1 were stage II, 26 (15%) stage III, 21 (12%) stage I and 18 (10%) stage IV at presentation. One hundred and twenty eight @entity1 (75%) had early @entity0 eligible for surgery at presentation, 25 (15%) were locally advanced and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and 18 (10%) were found to be metastatic. Modified radical mastectomy was the preferred surgical option by most @entity1 (76%) who underwent upfront surgery in our study. The pathological overall response rates (complete and partial response) after NACT was 75% with complete response rate of 25% and there were no relapses in the complete responders. The median follow-up was 30 months (9-70 months). One hundred and twenty two @entity1 (71%) were alive at last follow-up, 34 (22%) had relapsed, 18 (11%) had died due to progressive disease. Thirty one @entity1 (18%) were lost to follow-up. Most of the relapses were systemic and rarely preceded by local relapses. CONCLUSIONS: TNBCs are aggressive @entity5 with high rates of systemic relapses within the first 3 years of presentation. Longer follow-up of these @entity1 is required for more mature data on these @entity5 .

title: Epidemiological and clinical profile of triple negative @entity0 at a XXXX hospital in North India.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['basal like cancers', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'TNBC', 'Triple negative breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast or ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity35 embryo fibroblast cell line 6 was transfected with plasmid pT24, which contains the activated @entity1 bladder c-Ha-ras oncogene, and the cells were grown continuously in the absence or presence of the @entity5 promoters @entity864 ( @entity865 ) or @entity16343 . The presence of @entity865 or @entity16343 led to a 6- to 14-fold increase in the number of morphologically transformed foci. No transformed foci were seen when @entity35 6 cells were transfected with the normal c-Ha-ras oncogene in the absence or presence of @entity865 , or in cells simply treated with @entity865 or @entity16343 . Enhancement of pT24-induced foci was seen even when the addition of @entity865 was delayed until day 16. In transfection studies with the drug resistance genes gpt and neo, @entity865 and @entity16343 did not increase the number of Gpt+ or Neo+ colonies. When @entity35 6 cells were cotransfected with pT24 and neo genes and grown in the absence or presence of @entity865 , the presence of @entity865 did not increase the yield of Neo+ colonies but caused a fivefold increase in the number of Neo+ colonies that displayed a transformed morphology. Southern blot analyses of DNAs obtained from these clones indicated that @entity865 treatment did not influence the extent of integration of either the pT24 or neo gene. DNA samples from all of the morphologically transformed cells displayed a characteristic 2-kilobase SacI fragment homologous to pT24 DNA and expressed relatively high levels of the corresponding mRNA. Our findings indicate that in this system @entity5 promoters do not simply enhanced the process of DNA transfection per se. Thus, this model system may be useful for analyzing synergistic interactions between @entity5 promoters and activated oncogenes during multistage @entity105 . It may also serve as a simple screening test for detecting new @entity5 promoters.

title: Oncogene-induced transformation of a @entity35 embryo fibroblast cell line is enhanced by XXXX promoters.

entities_list: @entity16343 :: ('MESH:C022176', 'Chemical') :: ['teleocidin']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The high rate of @entity358 ( @entity421 ) presents a therapeutic challenge in the field of orthopedics. Therefore, there is a marked requirement to establish a spontaneous @entity358 animal model of @entity421 , within which potential antitumor agents may be evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth and @entity358 of @entity421 , as well as to identify potentially associated biomarkers of @entity421 @entity3 . In the present study, rodent @entity421 cells (UMR106-01) were injected into the right tibia of athymic @entity19 . The @entity19 were sacrificed weekly by cervical dislocation at one to five weeks following inoculation. The orthotopic @entity19 developed @entity5 masses in the right tibia one week following inoculation. At three weeks, multiple nodules were observed in the lungs. The expression of @entity181 and @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) was analyzed in the @entity5 and lungs via immunohistochemistry. The positive expression of @entity181 and @entity1611 was identified in the local @entity5 and lung tissue of the orthotopic @entity19 , however was not observed in the tissues of the healthy control @entity19 . The orthotopic model established in the current study presents a valuable tool for the investigation of factors that promote or inhibit @entity421 growth and/or @entity3 . In addition, it was identified that @entity181 and @entity1611 may be significant in the lung @entity3 of @entity421 .

title: @entity181 and XXXX are associated with spontaneous @entity358 : Development of an orthotopic @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis', 'pulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity1611 :: (22339(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: Systemic @entity519 causes @entity121 , thereby preserving O2 delivery to active tissues. @entity842 (NO), @entity859 , and @entity2918 contribute to this vasodilation, but other factors may also play a role. We tested the hypothesis that regional inhibition of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor with the cytochrome P-450 2C9 antagonist @entity2380 , alone or combined with the NO synthase antagonist @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ), @entity536 -induced vasodilation. We compared forearm blood flow (FBF) and skin blood flow before and during brachial artery infusion of @entity2380 (0.3 mg/min; trial 1) or @entity2380 + @entity7293 (50 mg over 10 min; trial 2) and during systemic @entity519 (10 min, arterial @entity4095 ~37 mmHg) in infused (experimental) and control forearms of 12 healthy @entity1 . During normoxia, @entity2380 and @entity2380 + @entity7293 reduced (P < 0.05) forearm vascular conductance (FVC) by ~10% and ~18%, respectively. During @entity519 and @entity2380 (trial 1), FVC increased by 1.76    0.37 and 0.95    0.35 units in control and experimental forearms, respectively (P < 0.05). During @entity519 and @entity2380 + @entity7293 (trial 2), FVC increased by 2.32    0.51 and 0.72    0.22 units in control and experimental forearms, respectively (P < 0.05). Similarly, during @entity519 with @entity7293 alone (trial 3; n = 8) FVC increased by 1.51    0.46 and 0.45    0.32 units in control and experimental forearms, respectively (P < 0.05). These effects were not due to altered skin blood flow. We conclude that endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor contributes to basal vascular tone and to @entity519 -induced @entity121 and could be particularly relevant when other vasodilator systems are impaired.

title: Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor contributes to @entity519 -induced @entity121 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuates hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal muscle vasodilation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e14667 Background: The prognosis is unsatisfactory and can hardly be predicted for those @entity1 with @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ) underwent hepatectomy. The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic values of glandular epithelia related @entity5822 ( @entity5822 ), @entity10585 ( @entity10585 ), @entity2873 ( @entity2873 ), and @entity4166 ( @entity4166 ) and their relations with clinicopathological characteristics in @entity1419 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity5 tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 162 @entity1419 @entity1 who underwent curative resection between 2001 and 2006 were used to detect the expressions of @entity5822 , @entity10585 , @entity2873 and @entity4166 . The prognostic significance was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests. Clinicopathologic data for these @entity1 were evaluated. RESULTS: The strong expression percentage for these four cytokeratins in 162 @entity1419 @entity1 was 79.0% ( @entity5822 ), 51.2% ( @entity10585 ), 76.5% ( @entity2873 ), and 68.5% ( @entity4166 ). The expression of @entity5822 was found to be associated with @entity23109 ( @entity23109 ) and @entity160 ( @entity160 ) while @entity4166 was associated with @entity23109 , @entity787 ( @entity787 ), @entity5428 transferase (GGT), @entity1735 antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and @entity5 size. @entity5 staging was linked with the expression of @entity5822 , @entity10585 and @entity2873 except @entity4166 . Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that @entity2873 and @entity4166 were significant predictors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). @entity4166 strong expression and @entity2873 weak expression were correlated with poor prognosis regardless of @entity5 size, @entity5 encapsulation and perihila lymph node involvement. The @entity1349 rate in @entity4166 (strong) and @entity4166 (weak) @entity1 were 16.2% and 39.2 % (P<0.005). The @entity1349 rate in @entity2873 (strong) and @entity2873 (weak) @entity1 were 28.2% and 7.9% (P<0.001). @entity4166 combined with @entity2873 still related with @entity1349 . The @entity1349 rate in @entity4166 (strong) @entity2873 (weak) @entity1 was 7.1%, which was significantly lower than that of @entity4166 (weak) @entity2873 (strong) @entity1 (46.3%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2873 and @entity4166 can be used as novel predictors for the prognosis of @entity1419 .

title: Clinicopathological characters and prognostic significance of cytokeratins expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5428 :: ('CHEBI:24190', 'Chemical') :: ['gammaglutamyl']

entities_list: @entity23109 :: ('MESH:D006514', 'Chemical') :: ['HBsAg', 'hepatitis B surface antigen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma', 'ICC']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The incidence of @entity1358 is increasing worldwide and there are new treatments for localized as well as @entity3 . The traditional role for percutaneous biopsy of renal masses has been limited, and so there is little general experience. There have been concerns about safety and accuracy. This review provides an update on the current techniques, indications and accuracy of needle biopsy of @entity703 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed and MEDLINE were searched for English language reports of percutaneous needle core biopsy and fine needle aspiration of @entity703 that were published from 1977 to 2006. RESULTS: With the development of new biopsy techniques and wider experience with percutaneous probe ablation therapies the risk of @entity5 seeding appears negligible. Significant @entity548 is unusual and almost always self-limiting. At centers with expertise needle core biopsy with or without fine needle aspiration appears to provide adequate specimens for an accurate diagnosis in more than 90% of renal masses. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous biopsy of renal masses appears to be safe and it carries minimal risk of @entity5 spread. Urologists should consider increasing the indications for renal biopsy of small renal masses that appear to be @entity1358 , especially in elderly and unfit @entity1 . With more experience and followup preoperative biopsy has the potential to decrease unnecessary treatment since up to a third of small renal masses are now reported to be benign at surgery. Percutaneous biopsy may also allow a better selection of @entity703 for active surveillance and minimally invasive ablative therapies. Finally, there is potential for stratifying initial therapy for metastatic @entity1358 by histological subtype and in the future molecular characteristics.

title: Techniques, safety and accuracy of sampling of XXXX by fine needle aspiration and core biopsy.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The skeletal muscle develops various degrees of @entity194 and @entity209 following @entity128 . Neurotrophic factors are essential for muscle regeneration. @entity1 amniotic fluid derived stem cells (AFS) have the potential to secrete various neurotrophic factors necessary for nerve regeneration. In the present study, we assess the outcome of neurological function by intramuscular injection of AFS in a muscle denervation and nerve @entity254 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy two @entity35 weighing 200-250 gm were enrolled in this study. Muscle denervation model was conducted by transverse resection of a sciatic nerve with the proximal end sutured into the gluteal muscle. The nerve @entity254 model was performed by transverse resection of the sciatic nerve followed by four stitches reconnection. These animals were allocated to three groups: control, electrical muscle stimulation, and AFS groups. RESULTS: NT-3 ( @entity19562 ), @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ), @entity7178 ( @entity7178 ), and @entity6352 (Glia cell line derived neurotrophic factor) were highly expressed in AFS cells and supernatant of culture medium. Intra-muscular injection of AFS exerted significant expression of several neurotrophic factors over the distal end of nerve and denervated muscle. AFS caused high expression of @entity588 in denervated muscle with a reciprocal decrease of @entity1835 and @entity589 . AFS preserved the muscle morphology with high expression of @entity2283 and @entity934 receptors. Up to two months, AFS produced significant improvement in electrophysiological study and neurological functions such as SFI (sciatic nerve function index) and Catwalk gait analysis. There was also significant preservation of the number of anterior horn cells and @entity17 as well as muscle morphology. CONCLUSION: Intramuscular injection of AFS can protect muscle apoptosis and likely does so through the secretion of various neurotrophic factors. This protection furthermore improves the nerve regeneration in a long term nerve @entity254 model.

title: Improved neurological outcome by intramuscular injection of XXXX amniotic fluid derived stem cells in a muscle denervation model.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['increased nerve myelination']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'Brain derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Gene') :: ['CNTF', 'Ciliary neurotrophic factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a single injection of @entity1341 with @entity1425 close to the fascia could decrease opiate consumption and @entity158 in @entity1 undergoing cesarean section in spinal anesthesia. DESIGN: Randomized double-blind controlled study. SETTINGS: Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden. POPULATION: 260 @entity1 scheduled for elective cesarean section were enrolled in the study. METHODS: The treatment group (n= 130) received 40 mL @entity1341 (2.5 mg/mL) with @entity1425 (5  g/mL) (Marcain   adrenalin) and the control group (n= 130) received 40 mL saline solution (0.9%), which was, in both groups, injected close to the fascia before closure of the wound. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1286 consumption and mean resting @entity158 intensity numerical rating scale at 12 and 24 hours were the primary outcome variables. Other assessments for @entity158 as well as mobilization parameters were considered secondary. RESULTS: @entity1286 requirements were significantly less in the @entity1341 group, 19.0 mg/ @entity1 , compared with 24.0 mg/ @entity1 in the placebo group, during the first 12 postoperative hours. During this time period there was also a trend towards a difference between groups in mean @entity158 intensity, but significant only during the first six hours. Over the whole first postoperative 24 hours, there were no differences in either @entity1286 requirement or @entity158 intensity between groups. CONCLUSIONS: A single injection of @entity1341 with @entity1425 in the surgical wound decreases the need for @entity1286 requirements for the first 12 postoperative hours and contributes to safe and effective @entity158 management in @entity1 undergoing cesarean section.

title: Intraoperative injection of @entity1341 - XXXX close to the fascia reduces @entity1286 requirements after cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['adrenaline']


abstract: @entity298 in a rodent model produces @entity296 characterized by decreased rates of ventricular contraction and relaxation in the isolated heart preparation. However, it remains controversial whether the ventricular contractility is altered during sepsis. In the present study, we determined the effect of chronic peritoneal sepsis on the mechanical properties and intracellular @entity141 handling of cardiac myocytes isolated from septic @entity35 at 24 or 48 h. Mechanical properties were evaluated by use of an IonOptix MyoCam system. Myocytes were electrically stimulated at 0.5 Hz. The contractile properties analyzed included peak shortening (PS), time-to-peak shortening (TPS), time-to-90% relengthening (TR90), and maximal velocities of shortening and relengthening (+/-dL/dt). Intracellular @entity141 handling was evaluated with @entity593 fluorescent dye. Myocytes obtained from 24-h postseptic animals exhibited a @entity308 PS (85% of control), normal TPS, prolonged TR90 (147% of control), and reduced +/-dL/dt (both 79% of control). Myocytes from 48-h postseptic animals also exhibited a reduced peak of intracellular @entity141 sequestration (55% of control), but resting intracellular @entity141 and @entity141 -transient decay were comparable with the values seen in myocytes from untreated @entity35 . Myocytes from septic and control animals were equally responsive over a range of stimulation frequencies (0.1-5 Hz). Myocytes from septic animals were unresponsive (5% of control) to increase of extracellular @entity141 (0.5-3 mM). These results demonstrate that sepsis produces @entity51 in cardiac myocytes function that can be attributed to altered @entity460 transient properties.

title: Sepsis-induced XXXX contractile function of isolated ventricular myocytes is due to altered @entity460 transient properties.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['substantial deficits']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic peritoneal sepsis']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: Several studies have used neuroimaging methods to identify neural change in brain networks associated to emotion regulation after psychotherapy of @entity308 and @entity148 . In the present work we adopted a meta-analytic technique specific to neuroimaging data to evaluate the consistence of empirical findings and assess models of therapy that have been proposed in the literature. Meta-analyses were conducted with the Activation Likelihood Estimation technique, which evaluates the overlap between foci of activation across studies. The analysis included 16 studies found in Pubmed (200 foci of activation and 193 @entity1 ). Separate meta-analyses were conducted on studies of 1) @entity308 , @entity1005 and @entity4697 investigated with rest state metabolism (6 studies, 70 @entity1 ); 2) @entity308 , @entity1005 and @entity4697 investigated with task-related activation studies (5 studies, 65 @entity1 ); 3) the previous studies considered jointly; and 4) phobias investigated with studies on exposure-related activation (5 studies, 57 @entity1 ). Studies on @entity148 and @entity308 gave partially consistent results for changes in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and in the posterior cingulated gyrus/precuneus. Several areas of change in the temporal lobes were also observed. Studies on the therapy of @entity913 were consistent with a reduction of activity in medial temporal areas. The cluster of change in the prefrontal cortex may refer to increased recruitment of control processes, as hypothesized by influential models of emotion regulation changes due to psychotherapy. However, not all areas associated with controlled emotion regulation were detected in the meta-analysis, while involvement of midline structures suggested changes in self-related information processing. Changes in @entity913 were consistent with reduced reactivity to phobic stimuli.

title: Neural correlates of psychotherapy in @entity148 and XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity600 are benign but potentially life-threatening lesions mostly found in the head and neck. They can be classified into two types: microcystic and macrocystic. @entity75 are more difficult to treat. In this study, we describe the histologic features and expression of lymphatic endothelial markers in microcystic and macrocystic @entity600 and correlate clinical data with histologic and immunohistochemical data. METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a retrospective study of clinical data and tissue specimens which were collected from 18 @entity1 who underwent surgical excision of @entity600 . The clinical data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Microcystic and macrocystic lesion specimens were examined with Movat pentachromic stain and immunohistochemistry for lymphatic endothelial markers. @entity1 with @entity75 were more likely to have @entity33 , recurrence, and higher stages of disease, compared with those with @entity75 . Microcystic and @entity75 stained similarly with Movat pentachromic stain and for lymphatic endothelial cell markers. CONCLUSIONS: Although microcystic and @entity75 have different clinical behavior, they have indistinguishable histological features and immunohistochemical staining for markers of lymphatic endothelium. These findings suggest that both microcystic and @entity75 are derived from similar tissue but may behave differently based on their anatomic microenvironment.

title: Similar histologic features and immunohistochemical staining in microcystic and macrocystic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['microcystic lesions', 'Microcystic lesions', 'macrocystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal involvement']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic malformations', 'Lymphatic malformations']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['lymphatic malformations']


abstract: The mechanism of action of both typical antipsychotics and the atypical antipsychotic, @entity1088 , may be related to the (changing) interaction of @entity935 and @entity750 in @entity161 . This study examined the effect of @entity1037 in @entity161 @entity1 on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites of @entity935 ( @entity4926 , @entity3829 ) and @entity750 ( @entity1130 , @entity5581 ). Twenty-three male @entity161 @entity1 , who were drug-free for at least 2 weeks (mean drug-free period of 35 days +/- 43; median 16 days), underwent a lumbar puncture (LP). @entity1 were subsequently treated with @entity1037 10 mg/day for 6 weeks, after which the LP was repeated. CSF was assayed for @entity3829 and @entity5581 concentrations. Psychiatric symptoms were rated once a week. @entity1037 significantly increased @entity3829 concentrations and the @entity3829 / @entity5581 ratio while @entity5581 concentrations were not altered. These changes did not significantly correlate with treatment response. A negative correlation was found between @entity3829 concentrations and negative symptoms after @entity1037 treatment. In conclusion, @entity1037 treatment increases @entity3829 concentrations and the @entity3829 / @entity5581 ratio in CSF of @entity161 @entity1 , but these changes are unrelated to its clinical efficacy.

title: The effect of @entity1037 treatment on monoamine metabolite concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of @entity161 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ability to distinguish dysfunctional but viable myocardium from nonviable tissue has important prognostic implications after @entity583 . The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy of contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for quantifying @entity296 , @entity1030 after occlusion/reperfusion @entity583 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten @entity235 and 7 @entity1707 underwent balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by reperfusion. Contrast-enhanced (Visipaque, 150 mL, 325 mg/mL) MDCT (0.5 mm x 32 slice) was performed before occlusion and 90 minutes ( @entity235 ) or 8 weeks (porcine) after reperfusion. MDCT images were analyzed to define @entity1188 size/extent and @entity3885 and compared with postmortem myocardial staining ( @entity5045 ) and microsphere blood flow measurements. Acute and chronic @entity1188 by MDCT were characterized by hyperenhancement, whereas regions of @entity3885 were characterized by hypoenhancement. MDCT @entity1188 volume compared well with @entity5045 staining (acute @entity1188 21.1+/-7.2% versus 20.4+/-7.4%, mean difference 0.7%; chronic @entity1188 4.15+/-1.93% versus 4.92+/-2.06%, mean difference -0.76%) and accurately reflected morphology and the transmural extent of injury in all animals. Peak hyperenhancement of infarcted regions occurred approximately 5 minutes after contrast injection. MDCT-derived regions of @entity3885 were also identified accurately in acute studies and correlated with reduced flow regions as measured by microsphere blood flow. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial extent of acute and healed @entity583 can be determined and quantified accurately with contrast-enhanced MDCT. This feature, combined with existing high-resolution MDCT coronary angiography, may have important implications for the comprehensive assessment of @entity65 .

title: Contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography viability imaging after @entity583 : characterization of myocyte death, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular obstruction, and chronic scar']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['microvascular obstruction, and chronic scar']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 /reperfusion injury is an inherent consequence of solid organ transplantation that increases tissue inflammation and negatively impacts organ transplant function and survival. This study investigated the expression levels of chemokine and @entity436 genes in living versus cadaver donor renal allografts before and after reperfusion. METHODS: This study involved 39 renal transplant @entity1 (19 cadaveric and 20 living donor). The @entity63 biopsy was taken just before graft declamping and the reperfusion biopsy 30 min after declamping. Whole-cell RNA was isolated and chemokine ( @entity687 , @entity2842 / @entity2842 , @entity371 / @entity371 and @entity5737 / @entity5737 ) and @entity436 ( @entity9172 and @entity5075 ) expression was tested by quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Just prior to declamping, ischemic cadaveric donor grafts had higher expression of @entity371 / @entity371 but not @entity687 or @entity2842 / @entity2842 than living donor grafts. @entity687 expression increased 50% from @entity63 to reperfusion in living donor grafts but increased more than 13-fold during reperfusion of cadaver donor grafts. Increased total @entity63 time induced greater @entity687 expression during reperfusion. @entity2842 expression also increased during reperfusion of living and cadaver donor grafts but differences were not observed between the two groups of grafts. @entity5737 , @entity9172 , and @entity5075 expression did not change in ischemic vs. reperfusion biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of chemokines directing neutrophil and macrophage recruitment increases during reperfusion of living and cadaveric donor renal allografts. Expression levels of @entity687 correlate with the ischemic time imposed on the renal graft. Early tissue injury may be attenuated by strategies antagonizing chemokines directing the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages into kidney grafts.

title: Expression of XXXX during reperfusion of renal allografts is dependent on ischemic time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity436 :: ('7852', 'Gene') :: ['chemokine receptor']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['IL-8']


abstract: The Jagged and Delta family of transmembrane proteins are ligands for Notch receptors, which control the proliferation and/or differentiation of many cell lineages. Expression and localization of these ligands in the adult @entity1 liver has not been fully elucidated, nor whether dysregulation of these proteins contributes to @entity409 processes. We have examined expression of the five known Notch ligands in @entity1 liver. Expression of @entity127 and @entity22491 mRNA was seen in normal and diseased liver tissue, whereas @entity13060 , @entity62349 mRNA was undetectable. In primary liver cell isolates, @entity127 expression was found in all cell types, whereas @entity22491 was present in biliary epithelial and liver endothelial cells, but absent in hepatocytes. Interestingly, @entity127 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in diseased liver tissue. By immunohistochemistry, @entity127 expression was present on most structures in normal tissue. However in disease, strikingly strong @entity127 immunoreactivity was observed on many small neovessels and bile ductules. The expression of downstream modulators and effectors of Notch signaling was also detectable in purified cell isolates. This, together with aberrant @entity127 expression suggests that the Notch signaling pathway may play a role in the neovascularization and biliary defects observed in the liver during the development of @entity82 .

title: Altered Notch ligand expression in @entity1 XXXX : further evidence for a role of the Notch signaling pathway in hepatic neovascularization and biliary ductular defects.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']