abstract: Placental Opioid-Enhancing Factor (POEF) is a substance found in @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) that, when ingested, potentiates opioid-mediated, but not non-opioid-mediated, hypoalgesia. Vaginal-cervical stimulation (VCS) produces a stimulus-bound, partially opioid-mediated hypoalgesia that previous research has shown to be potentiated by @entity6703 ingestion. To understand the mechanism of opioid enhancement by POEF we investigated the pattern of neural activation after a bout of VCS that produced hypoalgesia, with and without co-administration of @entity6703 . Specifically, virgin Long-Evans @entity35 showing vaginal estrus were handled briefly (control) or received VCS (75g pressure, 1 min), in a pattern that approximated early parturition rather than copulation, using a spring-loaded glass-rod probe. @entity35 were given an orogastric infusion (0.25 ml) of either @entity6703 or 0.9% saline resulting in four groups (VCS or handling; @entity6703 or saline). @entity35 were perfused 90 min after treatment and tissue was processed by immunohistochemistry for @entity5019 . The number of @entity5019 -immunoreactive cells was counted in structures previously shown to express @entity5019 in response to VCS (the medial preoptic area, MPOA; the ventrolateral portion of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, vlVMH; the arcuate nucleus, ARC). We found that this pattern of VCS did not produce a significant increase in @entity5019 expression in the MPOA and vlVMH unless it was paired with @entity6703 . VCS produced a significant increase in @entity5019 in the ARC. The interaction of @entity6703 and VCS on @entity5019 expression in the MPOA suggests that POEF may enhance @entity3799 input at parturition to facilitate sensitization of the MPOA, and presumably facilitate maternal-behavior onset.

title: Effect of amniotic-fluid ingestion on vaginal-cervical-stimulation-induced XXXX expression in female @entity35 during estrus.

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal-cervical sensory']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid', 'AF']

answer: @entity5019 :: (314322(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Fos']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The treatment of @entity1 with @entity980 ( @entity980 ) has been established in multicenter protocols. There are few data available regarding the treatment of other @entity242 in pediatric @entity1 . METHODS: From 1955 to 1988, a retrospective review of 33 @entity1 with @entity242 other than @entity980 of the head and neck was performed to identify prognostic factors and to determine optimal treatment. Grade, @entity5 size, and @entity980 grouping of the @entity5 were found to be of prognostic value. RESULTS: Eighteen of 33 (54%) @entity1 are currently disease free. Only 3 of 16 (19%) @entity1 treated initially with surgery alone were rendered disease free. However, 6 @entity1 were salvaged with an additional surgical procedure, yielding 9 of 16 (56%) @entity1 disease free treated with surgery alone. Of @entity1 receiving surgery plus radiation therapy, with or without chemotherapy, 7 of 14 (50%) have no evidence of disease. CONCLUSION: After salvage therapy, 5-year disease-free survival was 56% (15 of 27). Unlike @entity980 , complete surgical extirpation is the mainstay of treatment in @entity242 other than @entity980 of the head and neck. Adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy should be administered when complete resection is not possible.

title: XXXX of the head and neck other than @entity980 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['RMS', 'rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'pediatric sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Pediatric sarcomas']


abstract: @entity158 and loss of motion in young adults with previous @entity2444 may be caused by anterior @entity1743 . Eleven @entity1 (12 hips) with the chief complaint of groin @entity158 and significant proximal @entity85 were treated. @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance arthrography in ten @entity1 indicated @entity130 and adjacent acetabular cartilage lesions in nine hips. A surgical dislocation of each hip confirmed that there was impingement induced @entity130 consistent with the pathology indicated on the MRI. Reshaping of the femoral head, with correction of the femoral head/neck offset, and treatment of the acetabular rim pathology was performed for each hip in conjunction with other procedures for the proximal femur. Correction of the impingement and increased range of motion could be visualized intra-operatively. At a mean follow-up of 33 months, half of all @entity1 were @entity158 -free and all had improvement in @entity158 compared with preoperatively. Ten @entity1 had an improved range of motion and two a slight decrease. No additional @entity39 following the dislocation of the femoral head was seen.;

title: Evaluation and treatment of young adults with XXXX secondary to Perthes' disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoro-acetabular impingement']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Hip pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2444 :: ('MESH:D007873', 'Disease') :: ['Legg-Calve-Perthes-Disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['femoral deformity']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular injury', 'labral injury']

answer: @entity1743 :: (MESH:D057925,Disease) :: ['femoro-acetabular impingement']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2963 is a rare condition seen during childhood. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of @entity253 and @entity2963 with @entity2756 therapy. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 aged between 1 month and 17 years were evaluated with ultrasonographic examination at the initiation of the @entity2756 therapy and 10th day of therapy, consecutively. If @entity253 or @entity2963 were demonstrated, scans were repeated monthly until @entity4122 disappeared. RESULTS: Abnormal gallbladder sonograms were demonstrated in 36.8% (n = 14) of @entity1 at the 10th day of therapy. @entity2963 was detected in 28.9% (n = 11) of @entity1 and @entity253 was detected in 7.9% (n = 3). Two @entity1 still had @entity2963 at the 30th day after therapy and one had @entity2963 after the 60th day. The 9-year-old @entity1 who still had @entity2963 after 60 days of therapy also had @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity490 at 7 days after cessation of therapy. Her 90th day sonographic examination was normal. CONCLUSION: Reversible @entity253 or pseudocholelithiasis due to @entity2756 treatment is not a rare condition. Therefore it is benign, spontaneously resolved and clinical signs are usually absent.

title: XXXX -associated @entity253 and pseudocholelithiasis during childhood: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['pathology']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['Cholelithiasis', 'cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary sludge']

answer: @entity2756 :: (MESH:D002443,Chemical) :: ['Ceftriaxone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fluorescent light (FL)-guided cystoscopy induced by @entity2518 ( @entity2518 ) has been reported to detect more @entity5 compared with standard white-light (WL) cystoscopy. Most reports are from single centres with relatively few @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether @entity2518 -induced FL and WL cystoscopy at transurethral resection (TUR) is superior compared with standard procedures under WL only with respect to @entity5 recurrence and progression in @entity1 with non-muscle-invasive @entity150 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : This randomised, multicentre, observer- and pathologist-blinded, prospective phase 3 clinical trial enrolled 300 @entity1 , and of those @entity1 , 153 were randomised to FL cystoscopy and 147 were randomised to standard WL cystoscopy. INTERVENTION: All @entity1 were first inspected under WL and all lesions were recorded. @entity1 randomised to FL underwent a second inspection. TUR was carried out in both groups. MEASUREMENTS: Control cystoscopy under WL was performed in all @entity1 every 3 mo during the first year after randomisation and biannually thereafter. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: At the first TUR, the mean number of resection specimens per @entity1 was 2.5 (FL: 2.5; WL: 2.4; p=0.37) and the resulting mean number of resected @entity5 was 1.7 with FL and 1.8 with WL (p=0.85). More @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) in the WL group (13%) than in the FL group (4.2%). Within- @entity1 comparison of FL @entity1 only showed that FL detected more lesions than WL. @entity5 solely detected by FL cystoscopy that would not otherwise be detected by WL cystoscopy included 52% @entity1141 , 33% @entity2735 , 18% @entity4929 , 13% @entity2558 , and 7% pTa. Outcome at 12 mo did not show any difference between groups with regard to recurrence-free and progression-free survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective, randomised, multi-institutional study, we found no clinical advantage of FL cystoscopy compared with WL cystoscopy and TUR.

title: Transurethral resection of non-muscle-invasive XXXX with or without @entity2518 under visible and fluorescent light: results of a prospective, randomised, multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['papillary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour lesions', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-ALA', '5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder transitional cell cancers']


abstract: On December 31 1984, 262 @entity1 between 7 and 16 years of age were being trained in the major institutions for the @entity227 in Switzerland. Of these, 173 (66%) were @entity227 and 89 (34%) were blind (i.e. some or no light perception). The causes of the @entity227 were @entity600 (65%), @entity166 (14%), @entity3385 (12%), @entity209 (4%), @entity5 (3%) and accidents (2%). Among the blind @entity1 these diagnostic groups were distributed as follows: @entity600 (53%), @entity16371 (25%), @entity281 (10%), @entity5 (10%). The rates of @entity1939 within The single diagnostic groups were as follows: accidents: 4 out of 5 @entity1 ; @entity5 : 78%; @entity16371 : 69%. This risk of developing @entity1939 in @entity16371 @entity1 , as compared to the risk in the overall population studied, had the highest statistical significance (p less than 0.0001). Malformations (28%) and @entity166 (22%) represented a lower than average risk of developing @entity1939 , the average figure for the whole population being 34%. The risk of developing @entity1939 as a consequence of @entity281 was statistically not different from that in the total population investigated. All @entity16371 @entity1 had a birthweight below 2000 g. By extrapolation an incidence of 0.24% @entity16371 cases was estimated for prematures below 2000 g. During the 10 years under investigation (1968-1977), 3.6 new cases of @entity16371 /100,000 live births were diagnosed per year, with a peak in 1975 and 1976. This figure is probably an underestimate, since severely brain damaged blind @entity1 with multiple handicaps were not considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Epidemiological study of severe @entity227 in Swiss XXXX with special reference to @entity3385 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visually impaired', 'visually handicapped', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['retrolental fibroplasia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the technique of anterior approach white-line advancement for correction of ptosis. METHODS: Retrospective review of consecutive cases that underwent anterior approach white-line advancement for correction of @entity1736 . In this technique, the posterior surface of the levator aponeurosis (white line) is accessed through a skin crease incision (anterior approach) and advanced toward the tarsal plate. Surgery was considered successful if the following 3 criteria were simultaneously met: postoperative upper margin reflex distance of >= 2 and  <=4.5   mm, inter-eyelid height asymmetry of  <=1   mm, and satisfactory eyelid contour. Written informed consent was obtained from all the @entity1 and the study was HIPPA compliant. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 (29 eyelids) were included in this study. Mean postoperative follow up was 1.25 months (1 to 6 months). Mean preoperative margin reflex distance was 0.38   mm (-1 to 2   mm) and the mean postoperative margin reflex distance was 3.16   mm (2 to 4   mm). Eighteen @entity1 (90%) fulfilled the criteria set for success. The @entity1 rated the outcome of surgery as follows: 80% completely satisfied and 20% significantly improved. CONCLUSION: Anterior approach white-line advancement is a hybrid technique that incorporates the principles of both anterior and posterior approach ptosis correction techniques. The posterior surface of levator aponeurosis (white line) is exposed and advanced toward the superior border of tarsal plate with minimal disruption of eyelid anatomy including the orbital septum and preaponeurotic fat pad. Hence, this technique can achieve superior cosmetic results similar to a posterior approach procedure, without the need for a conjunctival incision.

title: Anterior Approach White-Line Advancement: A Hybrid Technique for XXXX Correction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['aponeurotic ptosis']

answer: @entity1736 :: (MESH:D001763,Disease) :: ['Ptosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the incidence of long-term symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity120 ( @entity120 ) in a cohort of @entity1 with acute symptomatic @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ), and the potential risk factors for its diagnosis. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, long-term, follow-up study in 110 consecutive @entity1 with an acute episode of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). All @entity1 underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) two years after the diagnosis of @entity1151 was made. If systolic pulmonary artery pressure exceeded 40 mm Hg and there was evidence of residual @entity1151 either by ventilation-perfusion or CT scan, @entity1 underwent right heart catheterisation to confirm the diagnosis. In asymptomatic @entity1 , right heart catheterisation was performed if a repeated TTE still demonstrated persistent pulmonary @entity101 six months after the first. RESULTS: @entity120 was diagnosed in 10 (6 @entity1 during follow-up, and 4 at the end of the study) of the 110 @entity1 (9.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7 to 14.5%). All @entity1 showed symptoms related to the disease according to a structured questionnaire. In the multivariate regression analysis, only concomitant age (relative risk [RR] 1.2 per age; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.3; P=0.03) and previous @entity1151 (RR 5.7; IC 95%, 1.5 a 22.0; P=0.01) were independent predictors of @entity120 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity120 cumulative incidence appears to be higher than previously reported. All @entity1 had symptoms related to the disease.

title: [Incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension', 'CTEPH']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study analyzed computed tomographic scans, magnetic resonance images, and biopsies of the paravertebral muscles of @entity1 with @entity3518 and age-matched @entity1 with lumbar interapophyseal @entity571 or @entity2649 . OBJECTIVES: To define the @entity121 and clarify their nature in this @entity74 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity23057 or @entity3518 , a rare disease of the elderly characterized by inability to immobilize the lumbar spine in relation to the pelvis appears to be a result of weakness of the paraspinal muscles. The features presented by these @entity1 do not correspond to any @entity121 previously described. METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 ) mean age 69 years, with @entity3518 were compared to fifteen age-matched @entity1 without @entity3518 but with @entity571 and to nine elderly @entity1 operated for narrowing of lumbar canal. Computed tomographic scans, magnetic resonance images, light microscopy, histochemistry, and electron microscopy of paraspinal muscles were obtained in both groups. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity3518 , computed tomographic scans and magnetic resonance imaging showed heterogeneous appearance of the spinal muscles with areas of low density. These features were distinct from those of @entity1 with interapophyseal @entity571 and were similar to the features described in primary @entity3986 . The main microscopic change in @entity3518 was the increase of fibrous tissue, frequently with a lobular pattern, not seen in osteoarthritic @entity1 . @entity74 was frequent (20 out of the 27 @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: Camptocormia, disappearing in the recumbent position, is thus very probably linked to muscle involvement. That there is often a family history of @entity74 is in favor of a genetically transmitted condition. Magnetic resonance images and computed tomographic scan appearance seems to be in favor of @entity121 , restricted to the spinal muscles.

title: Is XXXX a @entity121 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['posterior interapophyseal osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar vertebral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity23057 :: ('MESH:C566002', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive lumbar kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity3518 :: ('MESH:C537968', 'Disease') :: ['camptocormia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['particular disorder', 'Familial history of the disorder', 'such disorder']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['primary muscular disease', 'muscular lesions', 'myopathy']

answer: @entity3518 :: (MESH:C537968,Disease) :: ['camptocormia']


abstract: The effects of immunization with the @entity17391 receptor FecA on antibody responses and on experimentally induced @entity1271 following intramammary challenge were investigated. Twenty-one @entity291 were assigned to seven blocks of three @entity291 based on expected parturition. @entity291 within block were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) FecA immunization, 2) @entity526 J5 immunization, and 3) unimmunized controls. Challenge was by infusion of approximately 60 cfu of @entity526 727 into one uninfected mammary gland between 13 and 31 d after parturition. @entity291 within block were challenged on the same day. @entity291 immunized with FecA had higher immunoglobulin (Ig)G titers against FecA in serum and in mammary secretions at calving, immediately before challenge, and 7 d after challenge than did @entity291 immunized with @entity526 J5 or control @entity291 . Immunization with FecA also increased IgG titers against whole-cell @entity526 727 in serum and in mammary secretions at calving. Serum IgM titers against FecA were higher in FecA immunized @entity291 than in other treatment groups immediately before challenge. Bacterial counts in milk, duration of bacterial isolation in milk, rectal temperature, and milk somatic cell counts following intramammary challenge were similar among treatments. Milk production and dry matter intake did not differ among treatments. The @entity17391 receptor FecA was immunogenic in @entity291 , but immunization had minimal effect on the clinical severity of experimentally induced @entity526 @entity1271 .

title: Efficacy of immunization with @entity17391 receptor FecA from XXXX on induced coliform @entity1271 .

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity17391 :: ('MESH:C025314', 'Chemical') :: ['ferric citrate']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: All @entity1 with the diagnosis of acute @entity4391 at the University of California, Davis Medical Center from 1979-1985 were reviewed. These 25 @entity1 were initially treated conservatively (nasogastric tube/rectal tube/enemas) and this was successful in eight of 25 @entity1 (32%). The remaining 17 @entity1 (68%) unresponsive to conservative therapy received endoscopic intervention, either @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) or colonic suction decompression with proximal colonic tube placement ( @entity10067 ) for continuous decompression. Of the endoscopic procedures performed, 13/17 (76%) resulted in successful acute decompression. Recurrences occurred in 6/13 (45%) (3/7 in the @entity5663 group and three of six in the colonic tube placement group). In the 10 failures, six further procedures were attempted, but only one was successful. These @entity1 were then treated conservatively. There were no instances of @entity694 . Acute @entity8442 in our experience is a benign entity that can be safely and successfully treated nonsurgically. Colonoscopic suction decompression is often initially successful but has a high frequency of recurrence. Newer techniques to prevent recurrence, i.e., colonic tube placement, are of potential benefit but presently have technical problems.

title: Colonoscopic therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4391 :: ('MESH:D003112', 'Disease') :: ['colonic pseudoobstruction']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoobstruction']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['colonoscopic suction decompression', 'CSD']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforation']

answer: @entity4391 :: (MESH:D003112,Disease) :: ['acute pseudoobstruction of the colon']


abstract: This paper describes a rapid technique for the continuous recording of intraventricular pressure, dP/dt, and heart rate in the anesthetized @entity840 . A 21g needle, attached to a pressure transducer, is inserted through the chest wall into the left ventricle. This provides continuous monitoring of intraventricular pressure; the first derivative of this pressure pulse is dP/dt, an index of inotropic state. The ventricular signal is also used to trigger a cardiotach for the continuous recording of heart rate. Since major surgery is not required, experimental set-up can be completed in 15-20 min with a minimum of trauma to the animal. This model is ideally suited for the @entity65 following the administration of drugs by several routes (intravenous, oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous). The effects of three distinct inotropic agents: @entity3044 , AR-L57, and @entity7832 , have been evaluated in this system. @entity3044 increased heart rate and dP/dt, and caused a transient increase in peak intraventicular pressure. AR-L57 and @entity7832 increased dP/dt and intraventricular pressure; their effects on heart rate were minimal. @entity7832 was active following either oral or intravenous administration.

title: A simple technique for determining contractility, intraventricular pressure, and heart rate in the anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity7832 :: ('MESH:D010042', 'Chemical') :: ['ouabain', 'Ouabain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['determination of cardiovascular parameters']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: @entity64 is the world's second leading cause of mortality, with a high incidence of severe morbidity in surviving victims. There are currently relatively few treatment options available to minimize tissue @entity204 following a @entity64 . As such, there is a pressing need to explore, at a molecular, cellular, tissue, and whole body level, the mechanisms leading to damage and @entity204 of CNS tissue following an @entity63 brain event. This review explores the etiology and pathogenesis of @entity385 , and provides a general model of such. The pathophysiology of cerebral @entity63 is explained, and experimental animal models of global and focal @entity385 , and in vitro cellular @entity64 models, are described in detail along with experimental strategies to analyze the injuries. In particular, the technical aspects of these @entity64 models are assessed and critically evaluated, along with detailed descriptions of the current best-practice @entity19 models of @entity385 . Finally, we review preclinical studies using different strategies in experimental models, followed by an evaluation of results of recent, and failed attempts of neuroprotection in @entity1 clinical trials. We also explore new and emerging approaches for the prevention and treatment of @entity64 . In this regard, we note that single-target drug therapies for @entity64 therapy, have thus far universally failed in clinical trials. The need to investigate new targets for @entity64 treatments, which have pleiotropic therapeutic effects in the brain, is explored as an alternate strategy, and some such possible targets are elaborated. Developing therapeutic treatments for @entity385 is an intrinsically difficult endeavour. The heterogeneity of the causes, the anatomical complexity of the brain, and the practicalities of the victim receiving both timely and effective treatment, conspire against developing effective drug therapies. This should in no way be a disincentive to research, but instead, a clarion call to intensify efforts to ameliorate suffering and @entity204 from this common health catastrophe. This review aims to summarize both the present experimental and clinical state-of-the art, and to guide future research directions.

title: Pathophysiology, treatment, and animal and cellular models of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1167 in pregnancy has a very high maternal and fetal mortality rate. We report a case of successful maternal and neonatal survival in association with emergency cesarean section of a @entity161 pregnant @entity1 . To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of @entity1167 in a pregnant @entity1 with @entity161 . CASE PRESENTATION: The parents were Japanese. The mother was 39 years old and had no history of prior pregnancy. Her admission to our hospital at 36 weeks and 4 days of pregnancy was due to deterioration of @entity161 . On the first day of hospitalization, she collapsed after a @entity410 and @entity391 , and an emergency resuscitation team was called immediately. The team identified apparent aspiration and successfully resuscitated the @entity1 after 11 minutes of @entity1167 . An emergency cesarean section was performed in the operating room. The newborn male @entity1 received bag and mask ventilation at birth, and his Apgar scores were 5 at 1 minute and 8 at 5 minutes. He had a @entity410 on the 2nd day of life: however, he experienced no further @entity410 on anticonvulsant medication after that episode. On the 18th day of life, magnetic resonance imaging of his brain revealed bilateral small hyperintensities on T1-weighted images in the basal ganglia. The mother and her newborn were discharged from our hospital without @entity16 . CONCLUSION: We speculate that the cause of @entity1167 was aspiration due to @entity410 , and it is possible that a neurological response was evoked by administration of antipsychotic drugs and/or by @entity3036 . Medical staff must be aware of the possibility of @entity1167 in pregnant @entity1 with @entity161 .

title: XXXX in pregnancy with @entity161 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'myoclonic seizure']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest', 'Cardiopulmonary arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiopulmonary arrest']


abstract: @entity375 external invertase is a glycoprotein that exists as a dimer that can associate to form tetramers, hexamers, and octamers (Chu, F., Watorek, W., and Maley, F. (1983) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 223, 543-555; Esmon, P. C., Esmon, B. E., Schauer, I. E., Taylor, A., and Schekman, R. (1987) J. Biol. Chem., 262, 4395-4401), a process that is facilitated by the attached oligosaccharide chains. We have studied this association by high performance liquid chromatography on a gel filtration matrix, by which procedure wild-type @entity375 invertase gives two peaks, and invertase from a core mutant ( @entity8247 @entity8248 ) of @entity375 X2180 gives three peaks. Concentration of an invertase solution by freezing drives the dimers into higher aggregates that, at 30 degrees C, re-equilibrate to a mixture of smaller forms, the composition of which depends on pH, concentration, and time. The invertase from a mutant, @entity8247 @entity8248 dpg1, which underglycosylates its glycoproteins and produces invertase with 4-7 oligosaccharide chains, forms oligomers of much lower stability than the @entity8247 @entity8248 invertase, which has 8-11 @entity1735 chains. Both of these mutants release external invertase from the periplasm into the medium during growth, but we conclude that defects in the cell wall structure may be more important in this release than an altered tendency of the invertases to aggregate. Investigation of aggregate formation by electron microscopy revealed that all invertases, including the internal nonglycosylated enzyme, form octamers under appropriate conditions.

title: Effect of glycosylation on XXXX invertase oligomer stability.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ["bakers' yeast", 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Yeast']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To provide recommendations regarding the use of @entity1416 in the management of post partum @entity548 . METHODS: A literature search was conducted using the Pubmed, Medline and Embase databases and the Cochrane Library (study period 1979 to June 2014). RESULTS: Selective @entity887 of both uterine arteries without microcatheter is recommended (professional consensus). Embolization should be performed using gelatin sponge pledgets rather than gelatin sponge slurry or powder (grade C). Control of @entity548 can be expected in 70 to 100% of cases after @entity887 ( @entity8676 ). Control of @entity548 is obtained in 85 to 100% of cases ( @entity8676 ). @entity1416 is recommended in case of uterine atony after failure of uterotonic drugs particularly after vaginal delivery, in case of cervical @entity548 , vaginal @entity715 of cervico-vaginal tear in case of failed surgical repair or if surgery is not feasible (grade C). @entity2849 is a good indication for @entity887 . Major complications related to @entity887 are reported in 5% of cases (EL4). The presence of @entity3459 is not a contraindication to @entity887 (professional consensus). Embolization remains feasible after failed arterial ligations (selective or proximal) or after hysterectomy even if technically more challenging (professional consensus). Embolization can be performed in case of post partum @entity548 related to abnormal placentation (professional consensus). Prophylactic @entity887 with the placenta left in place is not routinely recommended (professional consensus). The systematic preoperative placement of @entity432 balloons is not recommended in the management of abnormal placentation (professional consensus). Secondary post partum @entity548 is a good indication for @entity1416 (grade C). After @entity887 , fertility can be spared ( @entity8676 ). The risk of recurrent post partum @entity548 does not seem different after arterial ligations or @entity1416 ( @entity8676 ).

title: [Role of @entity1416 in the management of postpartum XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization', 'Arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation disorders']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoaneurysm of the uterine artery']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the rate of visually significant @entity16433 formation after @entity231 surgery for Australian Aborigines living in rural or remote areas in the 'Top End' of the Northern Territory, Australia, and then to assess these @entity1 ' outcomes after capsulotomy. METHODS: Aboriginal @entity1 living in remote areas of the Top End of the Northern Territory who underwent @entity231 surgery between 1994 and 1999 were identified from records at the three major hospitals in the region. The presence of @entity16433 ( @entity16433 ) was determined by clinical examination. The primary endpoint for this study was the presence of axial @entity3236 of the posterior capsule and the need for subsequent Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy to improve sight. Linear regression analysis of the time from surgery to follow up and the number of eyes requiring Nd:YAG capsulotomy was performed. Operated eyes were grouped according to the interval between surgery and follow up (Group 1: follow up within 1 year of surgery, n= 25; Group 2: follow up 1-3 years after surgery, n= 42; Group 3: follow up 3-5 years after surgery, n= 51). RESULTS: One hundred and eighteen operated eyes were examined. Eyes in Group 3 were found to have the highest incidence of visually significant @entity16433 (27.5%). There were more eyes requiring capsulotomy after 3 years than after 1 year following surgery. Linear regression analysis revealed an odds ratio of 1.4 (P = 0.07). All nine eyes in the 1-3 year group that had developed visually significant @entity16433 had undergone extra-capsular @entity231 extraction. CONCLUSIONS: For the remote Aboriginal @entity1 who has undergone @entity231 surgery, there is a relatively minor chance of developing @entity16433 within the first postoperative year regardless of the type of surgery undertaken. This study illustrates that the longer the time after surgery the greater the chance of developing visually significant @entity16433 . For the remote Aboriginal @entity1 there is a high chance (approximately 28%) of developing visually significant @entity16433 within 5 years after @entity231 surgery. These figures are lower than those reported from other parts of Australia.

title: Posterior capsule XXXX after @entity231 surgery in remote Australian Aboriginal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3236 :: ('MESH:D058442', 'Disease') :: ['opacification']

entities_list: @entity16433 :: ('MESH:D057851', 'Disease') :: ['posterior capsular opacification', 'PCO']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity3236 :: (MESH:D058442,Disease) :: ['opacification']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The fundamental roles that the stomach plays in ingestion and digestion notwithstanding, little morphological information is available on vagal intramuscular arrays (IMAs), the afferents that innervate gastric smooth muscle. To better characterize IMAs, @entity35 were given injections of dextran @entity1885 in the nodose ganglia, and, after tracer transport, stomach whole mounts were collected. Specimens were processed for avidin- @entity1885 permanent labeling, and subsets of the whole mounts were immunohistochemically processed for c-Kit or stained with @entity3738 . IMAs (n = 184) were digitized for morphometry and mapping. Throughout the gastric muscle wall, IMAs possessed common phenotypic features. Each IMA was generated by a parent neurite arborizing extensively, forming an array of multiple ( = 212) branches averaging 193   m in length. These branches paralleled, and coursed in apposition with, bundles of muscle fibers and interstitial cells of Cajal. Individual arrays averaged 4.3 mm in length and innervated volumes of muscle sheet, presumptive receptive fields, averaging 0.1 mm(3) . Evaluated by region and by muscle sheet, IMAs displayed architectural adaptations to the different loci. A subset (32%) of circular muscle IMAs issued specialized polymorphic collaterals to @entity21 , and a subset (41%) of antral longitudinal muscle IMAs formed specialized net endings associated with the serosal boundary. IMAs were concentrated in regional patterns that correlated with the unique biomechanical adaptations of the stomach, specifically proximal stomach reservoir functions and antral emptying operations. Overall, the structural adaptations and distributions of the IMAs were consonant with the hypothesized stretch receptor roles of the afferents. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Vagal Intramuscular Arrays (IMAs) - The Specialized Mechanoreceptor Arbors That Innervate the Smooth Muscle Layers of the Stomach Examined in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['myenteric ganglia']

entities_list: @entity3738 :: ('MESH:C015445', 'Chemical') :: ['Cuprolinic Blue']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate visualization and signal characteristics of macroscopic changes in @entity1 with ophthalmologically stated @entity1829 and to find a suitable high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. METHOD: Nine consecutive @entity1 with 12 ophthalmologically stated @entity1829 underwent MRI of the head and orbits, which consisted of the following high-resolution sequences: 3-dimensional (3D), T2*-weighted (T2*w) constructive interference in steady-state sequence (CISS); 3D, T1-weighted (T1w) magnetization prepared-rapid gradient echo sequence (MP- @entity5764 ) (with and without intravenous contrast medium); transverse 3D and 2-dimensional (2D) (2 mm), T2-weighted (T2w) @entity9468 ( @entity9468 ); transverse 2D (2 mm), contrast-enhanced T1w @entity9468 with fat-suppression technique; and transverse 2D (5 mm), T2w @entity9468 . A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the papilla, optic nerve, optic nerve sheath, optic chiasm, and the brain was performed. The 6 high-resolution sequences were compared. RESULTS: The elevation of the optic disc into the optic globe in ophthalmologically stated @entity1829 was best visualized in T2w, 3D CISS sequence. The pathological contrast enhancement was best seen in T1w contrast-enhanced 2D @entity9468 sequence with fat-suppression technique. The mean width of the optic nerve sheath directly behind the globe was 7.54 mm (+/- 1.05 mm) in the pathological eyes, compared to 5.52 mm (+/- 1.11 mm) in the normal eyes. In all @entity1 , the cerebral indices calculated showed no signs of @entity428 or other abnormalities changing the volume of the brain or ventricles. The contrast of the orbital fat versus the optic nerve sheath, the optic nerve sheath versus the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the surrounding CSF versus the optic nerve, the optic chiasm versus the CSF, and the optic papilla versus the optic globe were best visualized in the 3D, T2*w CISS sequence. An enhancement of the swollen optic nerve head was best seen in all 12 cases in the T1w contrast-enhanced 2D @entity9468 sequence with fat-suppression technique. CONCLUSION: An MRI protocol consisting of a 5-mm transverse T2w @entity9468 sequence; a T2*w, 3D CISS sequence; a T1w, 3D MP- @entity5764 sequence with and without contrast medium; and a transverse T1w, (2-mm) 2D @entity9468 sequence with fat-suppression technique with intravenous contrast medium is suitable to visualize the macroscopic changes in @entity1829 . In addition, this combination is an excellent technique for the examination of the orbits and the brain.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX diagnosed with @entity1829 : a comparison of 6 different high-resolution T1- and T2(*)-weighted 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional sequences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema', 'papilledemas']

entities_list: @entity9468 :: ('MESH:D014717', 'Disease') :: ['turbo spin echo', 'TSE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: During the past 20 years non-invasive screening tests have been increasingly utilized in @entity146 ( @entity146 ) practice. Considerable effort has been exerted by multicenter consortia to evaluate the reliability of non-invasive screening tests in detecting those @entity1 with an increased risk of having a pregnancy affected by trisomies 21, 18, and 13, @entity2689 , and triploidies. To what extent this group of abnormal karyotypes accounts for the total number of phenotypically relevant fetal @entity2008 has, however, never been investigated. The present report is an attempt aimed to quantify this proportion. A retrospective analysis of a homogeneous survey of 115,128 consecutive invasive prenatal tests was undertaken. All cases were classified in accordance with the indication given for the invasive testing. Cytogenetic results regarding 96,416 karyotype analyses performed because of advanced maternal age (>or=35 years) or gestational @entity148 (<35 years) were considered since these are the @entity1 who usually undergo non-invasive screening tests. We calculated the number of cases (T21, T18, @entity7460 , 45,X, and triploidy) that would have been detected by prenatal screening on the basis of the published detection rate of the combined-2 test or the quadruple test. Our findings indicate that the @entity2008 investigated by screening tests represent <50% of the fetal @entity2008 associated with an abnormal outcome ranging from intermediate-to-severe in @entity1 <35 years (45.8% and 39.6% in the first and second trimesters, respectively), and sensitivity >50% in @entity1 >or=35 years (65.1% and 61.8%, respectively). To conclude, approximately 50% of the phenotypically relevant abnormal karyotypes cannot be detected by non-invasive prenatal screening tests.

title: XXXX investigated by non-invasive prenatal testing account for approximately 50% of fetal unbalances associated with relevant clinical phenotypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['prenatal diagnosis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['monosomy X']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities', 'chromosome abnormalities']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['Chromosome abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Jiajian Bufei Tang on expessions of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), metalloproteinase ( @entity6929 ) and @entity6930 ( @entity6930 ) in the airway remodeling of @entity1030 @entity35 model with @entity358 . METHOD: Make quantitative stimulation with @entity286 , SO2 and papin to establish @entity1030 @entity35 model with @entity358 . Sixty male @entity35 were randomly divided into: normal group (N), model group (M), low dose treatment group (LT), medium dose treatment group (MT), @entity34 ( @entity34 ), and @entity34 ( @entity34 ). To observe the lung histopathological features. To measure the thinknesses of the airway wall and smooth muscle layer of the small airway by means of image analyzer, The NF-kappaB activity and the protein expressions of @entity6929 and @entity6930 were examined by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULT: The NF-kappaB activity and the protein expressions of @entity6929 and @entity6930 in brouch and lung and the thinknesses of the airway wall and smooth muscle layer in the M group were significanthly higher than those in the N group (P<0.01). After treatment, the NF-kappaB activity and the protein expressions of @entity6929 in the @entity34 , MT and @entity34 group were lower than those in the M group (P<0.01), the @entity34 group was better than the @entity34 , MT group. The protein expressions of @entity6930 in @entity34 , MTgroup were lower than that in the M group. The thinknesses of the airway wall and smooth muscle layer were lower in the @entity34 group than those in the M group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Shenqi Bufei Tang may downregulate the NF-kappaB activity and the protein expressions of @entity6929 and @entity6930 and intervene in the airway remodeling of @entity1030 @entity35 model with @entity358 .

title: [Effects of Shenqi Bufei Tang on expessions of NF-kappaB, @entity6929 and @entity6930 in airway remodeling of XXXX @entity35 model with @entity358 ].

entities_list: @entity6930 :: ('116510(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung-Qi deficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['high dose treatment group', 'GCT', 'glucocorticoid treatment group', 'HT']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: 1. The contribution of endogenous kinins to the regulation of blood pressure of angiotensin-treated @entity35 was evaluated using the new @entity1812 B2-receptor antagonist @entity19616 (D-Arg[Hyp3,Thi5,D-Tic7,Oic8]- @entity1812 ). 2. Chronic intraperitoneal infusion of 20 nmol/day @entity1808 did not alter systolic blood pressure or plasma @entity1808 levels. A significant increase in plasma @entity1369 and @entity2819 levels was observed after 4 weeks (from 89 +/- 20 to 140 +/- 22 and from 147 +/- 30 to 225 +/- 33 pg/ml, respectively; P < 0.05). 3. Combined administration of 20 nmol/day @entity1808 and 75 nmol @entity19616 induced a significant increase in systolic blood pressure from 126 +/- 3 to 142 +/- 3 and 137 +/- 3 mmHg, at 1 and 4 weeks, respectively (P < 0.05). This effect was not accompanied by significant changes in plasma @entity1808 concentration. The angiotensin-induced increase in plasma levels of @entity1369 and @entity2819 was not altered by the antagonist @entity19616 . 4. These findings indicate that blockade of endogenous kinin receptors enhances the slow pressor effect induced by @entity1808 . Therefore, endogenous kinins may play a role in preventing the cardiovascular effects of an excess of vasoconstrictors.

title: Chronic inhibition of XXXX receptors alters cardiovascular function in @entity35 with an excess of circulating vasoconstrictors.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity1812 :: (MESH:D001920,Chemical) :: ['bradykinin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because only a limited proportion of @entity5513 display growth after diagnosis, an increasing number of @entity1 are managed conservatively. @entity5 growth during "wait and scan" may, however, necessitate surgery. In these cases, increased @entity5 size is likely to increase the risk of @entity73 after surgery. OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity2103 in @entity1 operated on soon after diagnosis with @entity1 allocated to conservative management and the subgroup of these who later had surgery because of @entity5 growth. METHODS: A total of 1378 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with a @entity5513 20 mm extrameatal or smaller were included; 419 @entity1 were operated on soon after diagnosis, and 959 @entity1 were initially managed conservatively. In the latter group, 161 @entity1 were subsequently operated on owing to @entity5 growth. RESULTS: All conservatively managed @entity1 had normal @entity2103 at the end of observation. Good facial nerve outcome was found in 87% of @entity1 operated on at diagnosis and in 84% of @entity1 operated on after established @entity5 growth. For the subgroup of small extrameatal @entity5 , this difference was significant. When all @entity1 allocated primarily to conservative management were pooled, good facial function was found in 97%, which was significantly better than the result for primary operation (87%). CONCLUSION: Overall, conservative management of small to medium-sized @entity5513 is the best option in terms of preservation of @entity2103 . @entity5 growth during observation is found in only a minor proportion of the @entity1 , and in these cases, surgery or irradiation should be performed immediately.

title: @entity2103 after XXXX surgery following failed conservative management.

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fixed genomic variation explains only a small proportion of the risk of adiposity. In animal models, maternal diet alters offspring body composition, accompanied by epigenetic changes in metabolic control genes. Little is known about whether such processes operate in @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using Sequenom MassARRAY we measured the methylation status of 68 CpGs 5' from five candidate genes in umbilical cord tissue DNA from healthy neonates. Methylation varied greatly at particular CpGs: for 31 CpGs with median methylation >= 5% and a 5-95% range >= 10%, we related methylation status to maternal pregnancy diet and to @entity1 's adiposity at age 9 years. Replication was sought in a second independent cohort. RESULTS: In cohort 1, @entity13351 ( @entity13351 ) chr9:136355885+ and @entity9554 (eNOS) chr7:150315553+ methylation had independent associations with sex-adjusted childhood fat mass (exponentiated regression coefficient [b] 17% per SD change in methylation [95% CI 4-31], P = 0.009, n = 64, and b = 20% [9-32], P < 0.001, n = 66, respectively) and %fat mass (b = 10% [1-19], P = 0.023, n = 64 and b =12% [4-20], P = 0.002, n = 66, respectively). Regression analyses including sex and neonatal epigenetic marks explained >25% of the variance in childhood adiposity. Higher methylation of @entity13351 chr9:136355885+, but not of eNOS chr7:150315553+, was associated with lower maternal @entity1735 intake in early pregnancy, previously linked with @entity1386 in this population. In cohort 2, cord eNOS chr7:150315553+ methylation showed no association with adiposity, but @entity13351 chr9:136355885+ methylation showed similar associations with fat mass and %fat mass (b = 6% [2-10] and b = 4% [1-7], respectively, both P = 0.002, n = 239). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a substantial component of @entity209 risk has a prenatal developmental basis. Perinatal epigenetic analysis may have utility in identifying individual vulnerability to later @entity28 and @entity209 .

title: Epigenetic gene promoter methylation at birth is associated with XXXX 's later adiposity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'child']

entities_list: @entity13351 :: ('6256', 'Gene') :: ['RXRA', 'retinoid X receptor-a']

entities_list: @entity9554 :: ('4846', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial nitric oxide synthase']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['higher neonatal adiposity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Some studies have reported that @entity6 @entity1 do not adhere well to the foot care recommendations. Reasons for non-adherence are less evident and the methods used in education programs may have an effect. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of lecture method and combined method of education on foot care of @entity1 and healing rates of @entity4760 . METHODS: A matched controlled trial study was conducted on a sample of 45 @entity6 @entity1 with foot ulcers. The two intervention groups were taught with similar content but different methods. @entity1 ' foot care and healing rates of @entity4760 were assessed at the beginning of study and after 3 months in the two training groups as well as the control group. RESULTS: Ulcer surface was decreased by 46%, 61% and 81.6% in the control, lecture group and com-bined group, respectively. The @entity1066 was also decreased by 66.7%, 97.5% and 69.1% in the three groups respectively. A significant relationship was observed between the group adherence of the self-care program and the amount of decrease in the ulcer surface area (r = 0.36, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The foot care education could significantly affect the healing of @entity4760 , especially in terms of the ulcers' surface area. Therefore, a self-care education program should be integrated in the health system to empower those living with @entity6 to manage their own foot appropriately.

title: Comparing the effects of two teaching methods on healing of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer depth']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers', 'diabetic foot ulcer']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity191 resting @entity400 is related to altered cerebral activity in the basal ganglia and the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit. Although @entity191 is characterized by @entity935 depletion in the basal ganglia, the dopaminergic basis of resting @entity400 remains unclear: dopaminergic medication reduces @entity400 in some @entity1 , but many @entity1 have a @entity935 -resistant @entity400 . Using pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging, we test how a dopaminergic intervention influences the cerebral circuit involved in @entity191 . From a sample of 40 @entity1 with @entity191 , we selected 15 @entity1 with a clearly @entity400 -dominant phenotype. We compared @entity400 -related activity and effective connectivity (using combined electromyography-functional magnetic resonance imaging) on two occasions: ON and OFF dopaminergic medication. Building on a recently developed cerebral model of @entity191 , we tested the effect of @entity935 on cerebral activity associated with the onset of @entity400 episodes (in the basal ganglia) and with @entity400 amplitude (in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit). Dopaminergic medication reduced clinical resting @entity400 scores (mean 28%, range -12 to 68%). Furthermore, dopaminergic medication reduced @entity400 onset-related activity in the globus pallidus and @entity400 amplitude-related activity in the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus. Network analyses using dynamic causal modelling showed that @entity935 directly increased self-inhibition of the ventral intermediate nucleus, rather than indirectly influencing the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit through the basal ganglia. Crucially, the magnitude of thalamic self-inhibition predicted the clinical @entity935 response of @entity400 . @entity935 reduces resting @entity400 by potentiating inhibitory mechanisms in a cerebellar nucleus of the thalamus (ventral intermediate nucleus). This suggests that altered dopaminergic projections to the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit have a role in @entity191 .

title: XXXX controls @entity191 by inhibiting the cerebellar thalamus.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's tremor", "Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's"]

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate and classify image artefacts in optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) of the choroid in a group of @entity1 with @entity1020 . DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. @entity1 : 5 @entity1 with age-related @entity1020 , 3 with @entity989 , 1 with @entity455 and 1 with multiple evanescent @entity62 . METHODS: OCTA and OCT reflectivity (OCTR) maps were reviewed along with their @entity941 angiography and @entity3194 angiography. 60 OCTA images (20 outer retina, 20 Sattler and 20 @entity655 ) were graded for image artefacts by 2 examiners independently. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: OCTA artefacts and their correlation with OCTR maps, angiography and OCT B-scans. RESULTS: Artefacts (frequency) were classified into (1) motion (70-100%), (2) fringe washout (100%), (3) decorrelation projection (0-20%), (4) masking and unmasking (50-65%), and (5) stromal decorrelation signal (100%). Motion artefact in OCTA is characterised by horizontal dark lines or bands not apparent on OCTR map. Fringe washout creates signal void within choroidal vessels due to fast blood flow. Decorrelation projection from retinal vasculature and choroidal new vessels above the Bruch's membrane are seen within the choroidal OCTA image. Masking and unmasking artefacts occur in regions of @entity1713 and @entity194 . Decorrelation signals can also be seen in the @entity3193 . CONCLUSIONS: Our classification system of artefact in choroidal OCTA establishes a common terminology for clinical interpretation. This is important in enhancing our understanding of the principles of OCTA acquisition and it also serves as a bench mark for reading centres. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Classification of image artefacts in optical coherence tomography angiography of the choroid in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['pigment epithelial detachment']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['Haller layers']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal stroma']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['central serous retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration', 'macular diseases']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white dot syndrome']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is of importance in the pathogenesis of @entity455 such as @entity256 or @entity731 . Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) regulate function and phenotype of target endothelial cells (ECs), but their influence on VSMC biology is unknown. We aim to investigate the role of EMPs in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and vascular remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS: Systemic treatment of @entity19 with EMPs after @entity1317 reduced @entity8233 formation in vivo. In vitro, EMP uptake in VSMCs diminished VSMC proliferation and @entity4222 , both pivotal steps in @entity8233 formation. To explore the underlying mechanisms, Taqman microRNA-array was performed and @entity17655 was identified as the predominantly expressed @entity11216 in EMPs. Confocal microscopy revealed an EMP-mediated @entity10013 transfer into recipient VSMCs. Expression of @entity10013 target protein @entity17656 , regulating VSMC proliferation, was reduced in VSMCs after EMP treatment. Importantly, genetic regulation of @entity10013 in EMPs showed a @entity10013 -dependent inhibition of @entity17656 expression, VSMC proliferation and @entity8233 formation in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a crucial role of @entity10013 in EMP-mediated @entity8233 . Finally, analysis of @entity10013 expression in circulating MPs in 176 @entity1 with @entity453 revealed a reduced PCI rate in @entity1 with high @entity10013 expression level, supporting a central role for MP-incorporated @entity10013 in vascular remodelling. CONCLUSION: EMPs reduce VSMC proliferation, @entity4222 and subsequent @entity8233 formation by delivering functional @entity10013 into recipient VSMCs.

title: Intercellular transfer of XXXX by endothelial microparticles reduces vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and limits @entity8233 formation by inhibiting @entity17656 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima', 'neointima formation reduction']

answer: @entity17655 :: (100302148,Gene) :: ['miR-126-3p']


abstract: Abstract Background: For properly selected @entity1 experiencing @entity1118 , extended-release opioid formulations may represent an appropriate @entity158 management choice. For the many adults, elderly, and @entity1 who have medical conditions that make swallowing solid, oral-dose formulations difficult ( @entity1282 ) or @entity158 (odynophagia), this option may be limited. The combination of @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ) presents a challenge to physicians and @entity1 alike when oral opioid analgesia is needed to control @entity158 , but @entity1 are unable to swallow solid, oral dosage forms. Methods: A Medline search was performed (1990 to 2013) using the search terms swallowing difficulties, @entity1282 , odynophagia, adults, pediatrics, elderly, @entity1118 , @entity158 , and opioids. The following websites were searched: American @entity1282 Network, @entity1282 Research Society, World Health Organization, American @entity158 Society, International Association for the Study of @entity158 , American Academy of @entity158 Medicine, and American Society of Interventional @entity158 Physicians. @entity1118 guidelines from the following professional organizations were searched: American @entity158 Society, National @entity5 Network, American Society of Interventional @entity158 Physicians, British Geriatric Society, European Society of Medical Oncology, World Health Organization, and the European Association for Palliative Care. Findings: There is an unmet medical need for greater recognition of @entity1282 , awareness of potential problems with medication administration in these @entity1 , recognition of alternative drug formulations that are available for use in @entity1118 , and an appreciation that there are new, solid, oral-dose, opioid formulations in development that can mitigate these issues associated with @entity1282 while still providing practical, effective analgesia. Current pharmacologic treatments have limitations; new, prospective opioid formulations in clinical development may offer physicians and @entity1 with @entity1118 effective treatment options while mitigating accidental exposure and abuse liability. Conclusions: The number of @entity1 with @entity1118 may be larger than is currently anticipated by healthcare providers. Physicians should proactively include a discussion of @entity1282 as part of the @entity1 examination. @entity1118 is an unmet medical need. There are novel opioid formulations in clinical development that address the limitations of current opioid treatments. This manuscript reviews the problems associated with @entity1282 on medication administration and adherence, currently available treatment options, and opioid analgesic formulations currently in clinical development.

title: @entity1 with @entity1118 and @entity1282 ( XXXX ): unmet medical needs and pharmacologic treatment options.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'swallowing difficulty', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain with dysphagia', 'Chronic pain', 'chronic pain', 'CPD']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['CPD']


abstract: Targeting with toxic EGF-based conjugates against @entity5 cells with amplified EGF-receptors might be a possible approach towards improved therapy of certain @entity5 such as @entity11 and @entity957 . In this study, the penetration and binding of 125I delivered by EGF-dextran conjugates were analysed in cultured spheroids applied as a @entity5 nodule model. The spheroids consisted of @entity1 @entity11 cells, U-343MGaCl2:6, with large amounts of EGF-receptors. The penetration and binding patterns of 125I delivered by 125I-EGF and 125I-dextran were analysed for comparison. The EGF-dextran associated 125I-activity showed a rather slow penetration but after some hours significant amounts of radioactivity had reached the deeper regions and good penetration was obtained within 5 hours. The penetration seemed somewhat faster when the 125I-activity was delivered with EGF possibly dependent on the lower molecular weight allowing for faster diffusion. Furthermore, EGF-dextran associated 125I seemed to penetrate somewhat faster after the EGF-receptors were blocked with non-radioactive EGF, probably due to the lack of binding preventing free diffusion. After administration of 125I-EGF-dextran or 125I-EGF, the binding patterns were superimposed on the penetration patterns. In the penetration studies, the superimposed accumulations due to binding were removed by presaturation of the receptors with non-radioactive EGF. After a 1 hour incubation, binding of EGF-dextran associated 125I-activity could be seen only in an outer region, with an approximative thickness of 50 microns, of the viable cell layer. Extensive receptor specific binding in the deeper regions, at a depth of 100-200 microns, was seen after several hours incubation. In addition, low levels of non-specific binding in the central regions were seen when the 125I-activity was delivered with dextran without EGF. A similar low background binding was seen also in the centre of spheroids incubated with 125I-EGF-dextran or 125I-EGF after saturation of the receptors with non-radioactive EGF. However, the major amount of radioactivity delivered as 125I-EGF-dextran or 125I-EGF had a receptor specific binding and, also in inner regions, it could be displaced by non-radioactive EGF. Thus, EGF-dextran, which is a candidate compound for targeted therapy, allowed penetration of the applied radioactivity and binding could be observed, after some hours, also in the inner regions of the spheroids.

title: Penetration and binding of epidermal growth factor-dextran conjugates in spheroids of @entity1 XXXX origin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Administration of @entity10969 ( @entity10969 ) reduces @entity148 -like behavior and @entity167 intake in @entity167 -preferring @entity35 . The present experiment examined whether the effects of @entity10969 on @entity167 drinking are modulated by stress exposure during continuous access or following @entity1068 deprivation. Female @entity7956 underwent 6 weeks of continuous access to 15% v/v @entity1068 and water prior to intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula implantation. Deprived @entity35 underwent two cycles of 5 days of @entity1068 exposure followed by 2 days of @entity1068 deprivation, while non-deprived @entity35 had uninterrupted access to @entity1068 . Stressed @entity35 in both @entity1068 access groups were exposed to restraint stress for 1h 4-6h after @entity1068 was removed from the deprived group in both cycles. ICV infusions of 5.0  g @entity10969 or aCSF were administered 48 h following the deprivation/stress procedure, after which @entity1068 was returned. @entity35 showed increased @entity1068 intake following @entity1068 deprivation compared to non-deprived controls. Food and water intake were increased, while @entity1068 intake was decreased, in @entity35 infused with @entity10969 . Stress did not increase @entity1068 intake or alter the response to @entity10969 . Although no stress effects were found, the present experiment replicates previous findings regarding the effectiveness of @entity10969 in reducing @entity1068 consumption. Future studies aimed at determining the extent to which stress may affect relapse to @entity1068 drinking and response to @entity10969 would benefit from implementing different stress paradigms and varying the pattern of @entity1068 access.

title: @entity10969 ( XXXX )-induced reductions in @entity167 intake during continuous access and following @entity167 deprivation are not altered by restraint stress in @entity167 -preferring ( @entity7956 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity10969 :: (24604(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NPY']


abstract: @entity401 in @entity1 is a rare and poorly understood disease. Controversy exists as to whether the varoius histologic changes encountered represent different disease or a spectrum of the same disease. Fourteen biopsy-confirmed cases of desquamative @entity401 in @entity1 were seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1953 and 1975. A search of the literature revealed 14 additional cases but no series of exclusively desquamative @entity401 . The most frequent symptoms were retardation of growth and @entity1353 , often accompanied by cough. @entity7405 was the most common finding on examination; rales, cyanosis, and @entity5149 were variably present. The chest roentgenogram was distinctly abnormal in all cases; it usually revealed a combined interstitial and alveolar pattern extending bilaterally from the hilus to the base. Results of laboratory studies were nonspecific for desquamative @entity401 . All 28 @entity1 in this review were treated with @entity288 ; 17 (61 percent) survived. @entity3130 was found in association with a variety of other major illnesses. The cause remains unknown.

title: @entity3130 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3130 :: ('MESH:C562470', 'Disease') :: ['Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['Tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis', 'Interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intradermal administration of @entity2518 ( @entity2518 ) could achieve a sufficient amount of @entity13880 ( @entity13880 ) to induce photochemical reaction in @entity1573 comb, the animal model of @entity3809 ( @entity3809 ). METHODS: @entity13880 accumulation after @entity2518 administration through intradermal or intravenous injection was monitored for 24 hours. Localization of @entity13880 was observed under a confocal microscope. The comb was exposed to red light after intradermal @entity2518 injection, and the subsequent changes were observed grossly and microscopically. RESULTS: In the comb, @entity13880 accumulation achieved the peak level at 5 and 4 hours after intravenous or intradermal injection of @entity2518 , respectively, and was almost completely eliminated within 24 hours. A similar amount of @entity13880 was observed in both groups. While in the body skin, a lower level of @entity13880 was observed after intradermal injection. A confocal microscope showed that @entity13880 distributed evenly in comb dermis without significant difference between the two groups. The vascular structure in comb was disrupted after laser irradiation based on intradermal administration of @entity2518 . CONCLUSIONS: Intradermal injection of @entity2518 is a safer administration route that could achieve the equivalent of @entity13880 accumulation and destroy vasculature after PDT. It might be applicable to the clinical treatment of @entity3809 .

title: Photodynamic therapy with intradermal administration of XXXX for @entity3809 .

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['PWSs', 'port wine stains']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-ALA', '5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['PpIX', 'protoporphyrin IX']

answer: @entity2518 :: (CHEBI:17549,Chemical) :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between atypical antipsychotic medications and incident treatment for @entity6 or @entity407 in elderly adults without diagnoses of @entity161 or @entity162 . DESIGN: Two case-control studies using medical and pharmacy claims data. SETTING: United States managed care population from multiple insurance plans. @entity1 : Individuals aged 65 and older enrolled in a Medicare Advantage or commercial (health maintenance organization) managed care health plan in the western United States with no claims indicating diagnosis of @entity161 or @entity162 in the 1 year pre-index period. Cases were defined as @entity1 newly initiated on an antidiabetic (n = 13,075) or antihyperlipidemic (n = 63,829) medication on the index date. For the new @entity6 analysis, 65,375 controls were matched to cases based on age, sex, health-plan type, and index date year. In the new @entity407 analysis, 63,829 controls were matched to cases based on the same variables. MEASUREMENTS: Conditional logistic regressions were performed to determine the odds of initiated antidiabetic or antihyperlipidemic medication for @entity1 exposed to atypical antipsychotics compared with those with no exposure. The models included comorbidities possibly associated with the outcome. RESULTS: Exposure to atypical antipsychotics was associated with significantly greater adjusted odds of starting an antidiabetic medication (1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-1.59) but significantly lower odds of starting an antihyperlipidemic medication (0.76, 95% CI = 0.67-0.87). CONCLUSION: Use of atypical antipsychotics in older adults for conditions other than @entity161 and @entity162 was associated with incident treatment of @entity6 but not of @entity407 , suggesting that older adults may be susceptible to the adverse metabolic consequences of these agents.

title: New-onset treatment-dependent @entity6 and @entity407 associated with atypical antipsychotic use in older adults without XXXX or @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Occasionally variants of @entity693 ( @entity2698 ) may be confused with primary and secondary @entity5 of the meninges by virtue of their features and patterns of growth. Until now, a specific immunohistochemical marker for @entity2698 could not be identified. @entity2698 are reported to express @entity21939 (F XIIIa) in the cytoplasm of the @entity5 cells. In an effort to assess the diagnostic value of F XIIIa for meningeal @entity2698 , we investigated 38 primary @entity5 (6 @entity2698 , 28 @entity1653 of various subtypes, 4 @entity693 ) and 23 secondary @entity3554 (8 metastatic @entity189 , 6 @entity3038 , 9 @entity11 ) with anti-F XIIIa antibody. All @entity2698 revealed 5%-20% of F-XIIIa-positive neoplastic cells. @entity1418 and @entity3038 with @entity12624 -like structures also exhibited multiple F-XIIIa-positive cells. Most of the F-XIIIa-positive cells in @entity1653 were identified as macrophages. Furthermore, there was a population of small dark cells of uncertain histogenesis. Cells with positive immunoreactivity for F-XIIIa in metastatic @entity189 and @entity11 apparently were of macrophage lineage. Though, in some cases, it would have been difficult to distinguish reactive from neoplastic cells without simultaneous immunohistochemical investigation with antibodies for macrophages, cytokeratin, EMA and @entity538 . Because of these uncertainties, wo believe that the potential of F XIIIa-antibody in obtaining precise differential diagnostic information is limited.

title: XXXX immunoreactivity in primary and secondary @entity5 of the meninges.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant fibrous histiocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'meningeal tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal hemangiopericytomas', 'meningeal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'anaplastic gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal tumors']

answer: @entity21939 :: (2162,Gene) :: ['Factor XIIIa']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity1916 proto-oncogene encodes a receptor @entity669 kinase (Met) and has been shown to play a role in oncogenesis. Given that high titers of hepatocyte growth factor, the specific ligand for Met, are excreted in the urine and tend to reflect disease activity of @entity150 , we performed this study to examine the clinical significance of Met in @entity1 @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the mRNA expression and genomic alteration of @entity1916 in five @entity150 cell lines. Significance of Met overexpression was then compared with @entity876 nuclear accumulation ( @entity876 ) in primary @entity150 (n = 142 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Expression of @entity1916 mRNA tended to positively correlate with @entity5 cell lines in the absence of point mutation. High expression of Met was found in seven cases (4.9%), low expression in 32 cases (22.5%), and negative expression in 103 cases (72.5%). Expression of Met was positively associated with histologic grade, stage classification, @entity5 size, and @entity5 growth (P <.05, respectively); however, it was not related to @entity876 status. Factors that predicted disease progression were @entity5 stage, Met status, and @entity876 accumulation (P <.05, respectively). Indicators for poor long-term survival were @entity3 , @entity5 , and Met overexpression (P =.0006,.01, and.04, respectively). CONCLUSION: The @entity1916 proto-oncogene plays a more important role in the progression of @entity1494 than @entity876 . Evaluation of Met expression could identify a subset of @entity150 @entity1 who may require a more intensive treatment strategy.

title: Overexpression of @entity1916 as a prognostic indicator for transitional cell @entity150 : a comparison with XXXX nuclear accumulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'nodular tumor', 'differentiation of cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Total LDH and its five Isoenzymes have been evaluated in 354 @entity1 from a Gynecological Ward. These @entity1 had uterine fibroids, @entity43 , @entity43 (T.O.A.), @entity1204 , @entity43 . 90 @entity1 had no gynecological disease and served as controls. A statistical analysis was performed comparing each group of @entity1 with the control group. A significant elevation in total LDH and Iso-IV and a significant decrease in Iso-I was observed in @entity1 with uterine fibroids. @entity1 with @entity43 had a significant elevation of total LDH. @entity1 with T.O.A., @entity1204 , @entity5 had a significant elevations of total LDH and Iso-V and a significant decrease in Iso-I. When the group of @entity1 with @entity1204 , @entity5 were compared with each other, no differences could be found in total LDH and Isoenzyme values. We conclude that total LDH and Isoenzyme serum levels are not useful clinical indicators for the diagnosis and management of gynecological @entity5 and particularly of @entity43 .

title: Total LDH and its isoenzymes in gynecological XXXX and other gynecological conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['cancers of the cervix and ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer', 'benign ovarian tumors', 'tubo-ovarian abscesses']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the cervix and cancer of the ovary', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'Endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: AIMS: Within the normoalbuminuric range, low @entity633 (LA, 10-29  mg/24  h) is associated with higher adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes than normal @entity633 (NA, <10  mg/24  h). This cross-sectional analysis of the cohort from the @entity177 And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicentre Study was aimed at assessing the independent correlates of LA versus NA in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: This analysis involved 11,538 normoalbuminuric @entity1 (73.2  % of the entire RIACE cohort): 6023 (52.2  %) with NA and 5515 (47.8  %) with LA. Binary logistic regression analysis with backward conditional variable selection was applied to assess the independent correlates of LA versus NA. RESULTS: Compared with NA subjects, LA @entity1 were more frequently males, older and with family history of @entity101 , had @entity6 , lower HDL @entity165 , and higher haemoglobin (Hb) A1c, @entity1674 , and blood pressure (BP), use of anti-hyperglycaemic and anti- @entity101 drugs, and prevalence of @entity209 , @entity989 , @entity740 , any @entity65 , @entity583 , and coronary and peripheral events. @entity1 with LA were also more frequently current or former smokers and had higher body mass index, waist circumference, and non-HDL @entity165 . Independent correlates of LA were age (OR 1.018), family history of @entity101 (OR 1.321), smoking status (former, OR 1.158; current, OR 1.237), HbA1c (OR 1.062), waist circumference (OR 1.050), @entity1674 (OR 1.001), and diastolic BP (OR 1.014), together with use of anti-hyperglycaemic and anti- @entity101 agents. CONCLUSIONS: Several risk factors are associated with increased @entity633 within the normoalbuminuric range. As most of these factors are potentially modifiable, treating them aggressively might reduce the excess risk associated with LA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00715481; www.ClinicalTrials.gov .

title: Independent correlates of urinary albumin excretion within the normoalbuminuric range in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 : The XXXX And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicentre Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['longer diabetes duration', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Renal Insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parenteral antibiotic therapy with @entity801 , even in accepted therapeutic doses, can occasionally cause bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) due to hair cell @entity137 . OBJECTIVE: To quantify in @entity1 with @entity801 vestibulotoxicity (GVT) the extent of acceleration gain deficit of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex at different accelerations with a graded @entity135 ( @entity135 ) in comparison with standard caloric and rotational testing. To characterize the corresponding @entity135 catch-up saccade pattern to provide the basis for its salience to clinicians. METHODS: Horizontal @entity135 of graded acceleration (750 degrees-6,000 degrees/ @entity11632 ) was measured with binocular dual search coils in 14 @entity1 with GVT and compared with 14 normal subjects and a control subject with total surgical BVL. RESULTS: @entity1 showed mostly symmetric @entity51 with a continuous spectrum from almost normal to complete BVL. @entity51 were present even at the lowest head accelerations. @entity135 gain correlated better with caloric (Spearman rho = 0.85, p = 0.0001) than rotational testing (rho = 0.55, p = 0.046). Cumulative amplitude of overt saccades after head impulses was 5.6 times larger in @entity1 than in normal subjects. Compared with previously published @entity1 after unilateral vestibular deafferentation, GVT @entity1 with BVL generated only approximately half the percentage of covert saccades during @entity717 (23% at 750 degrees/ @entity11632 to 46% at 6,000 degrees/ @entity11632 ). CONCLUSIONS: Head impulse testing is useful for early bedside detection of @entity801 vestibulotoxicity because most @entity1 , even those with partial bilateral vestibular loss (BVL), have large overt saccades. Covert saccades, which can conceal the extent of BVL, are only approximately half as frequent as in unilateral @entity1 , but may be present even in total BVL.

title: Horizontal @entity135 detects XXXX vestibulotoxicity.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HIT', 'head impulse test']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['HIT gain deficits', 'Gain deficits']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: The progression of @entity101 involvement toward @entity712 includes @entity296 and changes of left ventricular (LV) geometry. In the presence of these abnormalities, @entity854 occur and are defined as LV @entity67 ( @entity67 ). They include alterations of both relaxation and filling, precede alterations of chamber systolic function and can induce symptoms of @entity712 even when ejection fraction is normal. The prevalence of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) increased over time whereas the rate of death from this disorder remained unchanged. In this view, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of @entity67 and @entity712 in @entity101 @entity1 is a growing public health problem. @entity67 may be asymptomatic and identified occasionally during a Doppler-echocardiographic examination. This tool has gained, therefore, important clinical position for diagnosis of @entity67 . Comprehensive assessment of diastolic function should be done not by a simple classification of @entity67 progression but by estimating the degree of LV filling pressure (FP), a true determinant of symptoms and prognosis. This can be obtained by different ultrasound maneuvers/tools but the ratio between transmitral E velocity and pulsed tissue Doppler-derived early diastolic velocity (E/e' ratio) is the most feasible and accurate. The identification of left @entity1283 may be useful in uncertain cases. The recommended management of @entity67 in @entity101 @entity1 should correspond to blood pressure (BP) lowering and to the attempt of reducing LV mass and normalizing LV geometry. Prospective studies with well-defined entry criteria are needed to establish whether this approach could reflect a better prognosis.

title: Diagnosis and management of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HFNEF', 'heart failure with normal ejection fraction', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['atrial enlargement']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['DD', 'diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate @entity413 control and clinical outcomes in @entity6 burn intensive care unit (ICU) @entity1 . The authors reviewed 462 civilian @entity1 admitted to the burn ICU over 4 years. Exclusion criteria were age <18 years, admission because of @entity272 , incomplete records, and military @entity1 . Subjects were labeled as @entity6 if they had a diagnosis of @entity6 documented in their medical records. Otherwise, they were labeled as nondiabetic. @entity6 @entity1 (n = 57) were compared with nondiabetic @entity1 (n = 405). Admission @entity413 levels were obtained from chemistries. Point-of-care devices provided the remaining @entity413 values. While in the burn ICU, @entity4854 for all @entity1 was treated using intensive insulin therapy with a target blood @entity413 level of 80 to 110 mg/dl. Mann-Whitney U test,    test, and multivariate regressions were used for statistical analysis (P  <= .05). @entity6 @entity1 were older (60    15 vs 44    17 years) with higher admission @entity413 (196    81 vs 133    52 mg/dl), mean @entity413 (147    37 vs 122    24 mg/dl), @entity413 variability (30    11 vs 22    11%), and fewer ICU-free days (18    12 vs 20    11). After multivariate regression analyses, age, injury severity score, TBSA, admission @entity413 , and mean @entity413 significantly affected the number of ventilator-free days, ICU-free days, and hospital-free days. @entity413 variability was associated with hospital-free days only. Age, injury severity score, and TBSA significantly influenced mortality, whereas a preexisting diagnosis of @entity6 was not associated with any clinical outcomes. Admission blood @entity413 is higher, and blood @entity413 is more difficult to control in @entity6 @entity1 . A preexisting diagnosis of @entity6 does not influence clinical outcomes in @entity3124 @entity1 .

title: @entity6 does not influence selected clinical outcomes in @entity3124 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic burn ICU', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill burn']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infection']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated plasma levels of @entity6511 ( @entity6511 ) are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. Direct inhibition of this proinflammatory enzyme with @entity22311 may benefit CV @entity1 when given as an adjunct to standard of care, including lipid-lowering and antiplatelet therapies. METHODS: STABILITY is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, international, multicenter, event-driven trial. The study has randomized 15,828 @entity1 with chronic @entity301 ( @entity301 ) receiving standard of care to @entity22311 enteric-coated (EC) tablets, 160 mg or placebo. RESULTS: The primary end point is the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE): CV death, nonfatal @entity583 , and @entity64 . The key secondary end points will include major coronary events, total coronary events, individual components of MACE, and all-cause mortality. Prespecified substudies include 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, @entity633 progression, changes in cognitive function, and pharmacokinetic and biomarker analyses. Health economic outcomes and characterization of baseline lifestyle risk factors also will be assessed. The study will continue until 1,500 primary end points have occurred to achieve 90% power to detect a 15.5% reduction in the primary end point. The median treatment duration is anticipated to be 2.75 years. CONCLUSIONS: STABILITY will assess whether direct inhibition of @entity6511 with @entity22311 added to the standard of care confers clinical benefit to @entity1 with @entity301 .

title: Study design and rationale for the clinical outcomes of the STABILITY Trial (STabilization of Atherosclerotic plaque By Initiation of @entity22311 TherapY) comparing XXXX versus placebo in @entity1 with @entity301 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['nonfatal stroke']

entities_list: @entity22311 :: ('MESH:C529040', 'Chemical') :: ['darapladib']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6511 :: ('7941', 'Gene') :: ['Lp-PLA(2)', 'lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2)']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity22311 :: (MESH:C529040,Chemical) :: ['darapladib']