abstract: @entity8702 of the testis are extremly rare @entity5 . We reported a case of @entity2695 , unusually localisation of this vascular benign @entity5 . The @entity1 was 12 year old @entity1 , with hydrocele and a palpabile testicular mass. Scrotal sonography revealed varicocele and hydrocele in the left scrotal sac. There was a solid hypoechogenic zone 5 mm in diameter in the left testis. @entity5 markers like serum level of beta @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin and alpha fetoprotein were normal. The @entity1 underwent surgery, and intraoperativ frozen section showed a @entity8702 . The lesion was completly removed, but testis was preserved. Accordingly tu the literature, @entity5 of vascular origin are extremly rare. @entity8702 of the testis are similarity to malignant testicular solid @entity5 during physical examination, ultrasound examination and MR imaging. Before operation, it's hardly differentiate @entity5 of testis, but intraoperativ frozen section cuold be helpfull to differentiate a @entity2695 from other testicular mass. @entity2695 is benign, but lesion must be complete removed to avoid recurence. In cases capillarx hemangimas, @entity5 enucleation with preservation tissue of the testis is possible if intraoperative frozen section examination can be performed.

title: [Testicular @entity8702 , report a twelve year XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity8702 :: ('MESH:D018324', 'Disease') :: ['capillary hemangioma', 'Capillary hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'intratesticular hemangioma', 'Hemangioma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The overgrowth of cartilaginous and fibrous tissue of the spine in @entity4261 is described in long-term follow-up studies. On cervical manifestation the disease progressed from one vertebrae to the other with destruction of the intervertebral discs, fusion of the vertebral bodies and @entity2720 and shortening of the affected area. On the lower @entity4772 with @entity891 and biconvex @entity85 were seen in the initial period. Several years later the discs flattened, vaulted and fused in the periphery by dystrophic bone. Fusion of the corresponding @entity2720 and ossification fo the intervertebral ligaments developed. The involved spine was shortened. The sarcroiliacal joint spaces were obliterated in cases with involvement of adjacent bones by @entity4261 . The overgrowth advanced from the periphery towards the center. @entity3947 of @entity2720 has also been observed without fusion of the intervertebral disc spaces. Relatively low age, loss of height, invalidating @entity158 and @entity4772 of the pelvis were the main features in cases with spinal changes. @entity4772 of the spine followed by ossification of intervertebral ligaments and joint capsules and later by vertebral fusion are considered to be a special form of @entity4261 .

title: [The overgrowth of cartilaginous and fibrous structures in XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomalacia', 'thoracic and lumbar spine osteomalacia', 'osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['collapse of the vertebral bodies']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pains']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral joints', 'sacroiliacal joints']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities of the discs']

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prenatal stress has been associated with a variety of developmental changes in offspring, notably those associated with brain development and subsequent risk for neuropathologies later in life. Recently, the importance of the timing and the severity of the stressor during pregnancy has been emphasized with neurosteroids including @entity7997 implicated in the regulation of stress and also for endogenous neuroprotection in offspring. Prenatal stress was induced using strobe light exposure in pregnant @entity840 (term 71days) in three defined stress exposure groups (Gestational Age (GA)35-65, GA50-65 and GA60-65). Stress was induced for 2h (9-11am) every 5days via strobe light exposure. A fetal cohort were euthanased at term with fetal brains and plasma collected. @entity148 -like behaviour was evaluated at 18 days of age in a separate cohort of offspring with brains and plasma collected at 21days of age. Markers for mature oligodendrocytes and reactive astrocytes were measured in the @entity17210 region of the hippocampus and the subcortical white matter. The neurosteroid @entity7997 was measured by radioimmunoassay in offspring plasma. In the @entity17210 region of the hippocampus, fetuses from all stress groups showed reduced expression of mature oligodendrocytes and reactive astrocytes. By juvenility, all male stress exposure groups had recovered to levels of unaffected controls with the exception of the GA35-65 stress group. In juvenile females, mature oligodendrocyte marker expression was reduced in all stress groups and reactive astrocyte expression was reduced in the GA35-65 and GA60-65 stress groups by juvenility. Increased reactive astrocyte expression was also apparent in the subcortical white matter in both sexes both at term and at juvenility. Prenatally stressed offspring spent less time exploring in the object exploration test and also entered the inner zone of the open field less than controls at 18days of age. Circulating @entity7997 concentrations were significantly reduced in GA35-65 and GA 60-65 stress exposed fetuses with those in the GA35-65 stress group remaining reduced by juvenility. This study has shown the effects of differing levels of prenatal stress severity and timing on glial development, emotional behaviour and plasma @entity7997 concentrations in offspring.

title: Severity and timing: How prenatal stress exposure affects glial developmental, emotional behavioural and plasma neurosteroid responses in XXXX offspring.

entities_list: @entity7997 :: ('MESH:D011280', 'Chemical') :: ['allopregnanolone']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: In a retrospective analysis we studied the case histories of 31 @entity1 who had been seen in our department for investigation of pelvic ectopic kidney between January 1994 and June 2005. The evaluation of each involved the medical history, ultrasound examination, VCUG, and @entity9409 scan or MAG3 diuresis renogram. Of the 31 @entity1 , 21 (67.7%) had initially been referred to our department for further investigation and clarification because @entity8 was suspected. In the remaining 10 (32.3%) @entity1 the pelvic kidney was an incidental finding observed during investigation of various other conditions. Overall, 7 (22.6%) of the 31 were symptomatic (recurrent @entity293 , @entity490 , @entity101 , @entity3041 ), while 77.4% (24/31) were completely free of symptoms at the time of follow-up. Ultrasound revealed that the ectopic kidney was on the left in 64.5% (20/31) of these cases. Nuclear scans performed both at the time of the initial diagnosis and at follow-up were available for 11 of the 31 @entity1 and showed a mild improvement of the partial function of the pelvic kidney, from a mean of 25.6% to a mean of 34.6%. In conclusion, whenever @entity8 is suspected on ultrasonographic examination, the investigator should first consider @entity8 ; ultrasound examination with the bladder full is the definitive diagnostic procedure. For asymptomatic cases we recommend regular ultrasound monitoring of the kidney -- at first every 6 months and later once a year. In cases with complex anatomy MRI is a suitable method for further diagnostic work-up.

title: [ XXXX in childhood. Specific features, concomitant pathologies and useful diagnostic investigations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal agenesis', 'renal ectopia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Pelvic kidney']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Kinesio Taping (KT) is a therapeutic method used by physical therapists and athletic trainers in combination with other treatment techniques for various musculoskeletal and neuromuscular problems. However, no research has evaluated the effect of KT in @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). The purpose of this case was to describe the application of posterior pelvic tilt taping (PPTT) with Kinesio tape as a treatment for chronic @entity1643 and to reduce the anterior pelvic tilt angle. DESIGN: Case report. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patien was a 20-year-old female amateur swimmer with a Cobb's angle (L1-S1) of 68  , a sacral horizontal angle of 45  , and @entity158 in both medial buttock areas and sacroiliac joints. We performed PPTT with Kinesio tape for 2 weeks (six times per week for an average of 9 h each time). RESULTS: The @entity1   s radiographs showed that the Cobb's angle (L1-S1) had decreased from 68   to 47   and that the sacral horizontal angle had decreased from 45   to 31  . Reductions in hypomobility or motion asymmetry, as assessed by the motion palpation test, and in @entity158 , as measured by the @entity158 -provocation tests, were observed. On palpation for both medial buttock areas in the prone position, the @entity1 felt no @entity158 . The @entity1 experienced no @entity158 or stiffness in the low back area while performing forward flexion in the standing position with knees fully extended when washing dishes in the sink. CONCLUSIONS: The case study demonstrated that PPTT intervention favourably affected the pelvic inclination and sacral horizontal angle, leading to beneficial effects on @entity2720 ( @entity2720 ) and medial buttock @entity158 . Additional research on the clinical effects of this taping procedure requires greater numbers of athletes with @entity2720 or @entity1643 who have inappropriate anterior pelvic tilt angles and hyperlordosis.

title: Application of posterior pelvic tilt taping for the treatment of @entity1643 with XXXX and increased sacral horizontal angle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joint dysfunction', 'SIJD']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['sacroiliac joint dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether ultrasound elastography can demonstrate the outcome of the treatment in comparison with gray-scale imaging. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 (mean age, 46.9 years) with @entity3444 were prospectively enrolled after unsuccessful conservative treatment. Individuals graded their heel @entity158 on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) and underwent gray-scale ultrasonography and sonoelastography. Collagen was injected in the heels. Fascial @entity121 and hypoechogenicity, perifascial @entity4 , @entity4438 were evaluated. Follow-up sonoelastography and VAS grading were done 3 months after the injection. Statistical analyses were performed by the paired t test and the @entity16043 exact test. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Mean plantar fascial @entity121 showed insignificant decrease on follow-up (from 4.30 [1.37] to 4.23 [1.15] mm, P = 0.662). @entity4438 and perifascial @entity4 did not change significantly after treatment. The mean strain ratio of the @entity1411 was significantly increased (from 0.71 [0.24] to 1.66 [0.72], P = 0.001). @entity1411 decreased significantly after injection (from 12 to 3 ft, P = 0.004). Twelve (75%) of 16 @entity1 showed significant VAS improvement at the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Sonoelastography revealed a hardening of the @entity1411 after collagen injection treatment and could aid in monitoring the improvement of the symptoms of @entity3444 , in cases where gray-scale imaging is inconclusive.

title: Sonoelastography in the Evaluation of XXXX Treatment: 3-Month Follow-Up After Collagen Injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['Fascial hypoechogenicity', 'and plantar fascial elasticity']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fascia', 'Softening of the plantar fascia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness']

answer: @entity3444 :: (MESH:D036981,Disease) :: ['Plantar Fasciitis']


abstract: Karyotyes were determined in 226 pre-implantation embryos (4--8-cell stages) of @entity3569 . The study was carried out under controlled natural breeding conditions, without superovulation and with the embryos developing in their mothers. A total of 5.3% karyotypically abnormal embryos were found. Over half, 3.1%, were due to ploidy mutations, 5 cases of triploidy and 2 cases of haploidy. Only 0.9% genome mutations were present, consisting of one autosomal trisomy and one autosomal monosomy. Structural aberrations were found in 1.8%, half of these probably due to a balanced maternal aberration and the rest appearing the mosaic condition only. These results are compared with the scarce body of @entity1 data from the literature. Compared with the situation in @entity1 , the spontaneous aberration rates in the @entity3569 and other experimental mammals are extremely low. This may be due, in part, to optimal timing of copulation in respect to estrus and ovulation prevailing in these animals but not in @entity1 . The low spontaneous aberration rate in the reported system is a valuable asset for purposes of mutagen testing.

title: Pre-implantation embryos of XXXX . I. Incidence of karyotype anomalies in 226 control embryos.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nodal status is one of the most important prognostic factors for @entity189 of the papilla of Vater. The pattern of lymphatic spread and mode of recurrence were analyzed by determining the frequency of nodal involvement and antemortem and postmortem examination of @entity1 with recurrent disease. METHODS: From 1974 to 1994, 36 @entity1 with @entity189 of papilla of Vater underwent pancreatectomy at the Kanazawa University Hospital. A precise evaluation of the nodal involvement was determined by means of careful pathologic review of the extended lymphadenectomy specimen. The mode of recurrence was determined by use of autopsy and radiographic examinations. RESULTS: Fifteen (42%) of 36 @entity1 had nodal involvement. The lymph nodes with the highest metastatic rates were the inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes (number 13b) and the superior mesenteric lymph nodes (number 14) (13b, 31%; 14, 17%). There were no metastases in the perigastric lymph nodes. A significant relationship existed between the gross appearance of the @entity5 and nodal involvement (protruding, 22%; mixed type, 42%; ulcerative, 100%). The 5-year survival rates were 74% in the absence of nodal @entity3 versus 31% with nodal @entity3 . The 5-year survival rates for @entity1 with protruding, mixed type, and @entity5 were 75%, 49%, and 17%, respectively. Survival and recurrence were significantly correlated to gross appearance and nodal involvement. Retroperitoneal recurrence and liver @entity3 were main modes of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Lymph node 13b is important in lymphatic @entity3 to the superior mesenteric lymph nodes for @entity189 of papilla of Vater. Nodal dissection around the superior mesenteric artery is needed to improve the prognosis of @entity189 of papilla of Vater except in the nonexposed protruding @entity5 . Pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy may be indicated in @entity1 with @entity189 of the papilla of Vater.

title: Surgical strategy for XXXX of the papilla of Vater on the basis of lymphatic spread and mode of recurrence.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ulcerative tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: Survival after acute @entity583 is decreased in elderly @entity1 . The enhanced rates of apoptosis in the aging heart exacerbate @entity741 /reperfusion (MI/R) injury. We have recently demonstrated that the @entity28007 ( @entity28007 ), the most potent endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis, was decreased in aging @entity35 ' hearts. @entity28007 was balanced by two mitochondria proteins, Omi/ @entity39304 and @entity39305 / @entity39305 . However, the implicative role of @entity28007 , Omi/ @entity39304 , and @entity39305 / @entity39305 to aging-related MI/R injury has not been previously investigated. In our study, male aging @entity35 (20-24 months) or young adult @entity35 (4-6 months) were subjected to 30 min of @entity741 followed by reperfusion. MI/R-induced @entity299 was enhanced in aging @entity35 , as evidenced by aggravated @entity299 , enlarged @entity1188 size, and @entity296 (TUNEL and @entity4124 activity). Then, the @entity28007 , Omi/ @entity39304 , and @entity39305 / @entity39305 protein and mRNA expression was detected. @entity28007 protein and mRNA expression was decreased in both aging hearts and aging hearts subjected to MI/R. Meanwhile, myocardial @entity28007 protein expression was correlated to cardiac function after MI/R. However, Omi/ @entity39304 , but not @entity39305 / @entity39305 , expression was increased in aging hearts. Moreover, the translocation of Omi/ @entity39304 from mitochondria to cytosol was increased in both aging hearts and aging hearts subjected to MI/R. Treatment with @entity39306 (a novel and specific Omi/ @entity39304 inhibitor) attenuated @entity28007 degradation and @entity4124 activity and exerted cardioprotective effects. Taken together, these results demonstrated that increased expression and leakage of Omi/ @entity39304 enhanced MI/R injury in aging hearts via degrading @entity28007 and promoting @entity296 .

title: Variations in the protein level of Omi/ @entity39304 in the heart of aged XXXX may contribute to the increased susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to ischemia/reperfusion injury and cell death : Omi/ @entity39304 and aged heart injury.

entities_list: @entity28007 :: ('63879(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['XIAP', 'X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial apoptosis', 'increased myocardial apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury', 'cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: "Simple" elbow release in the setting of @entity2736 is defined as excision of ectopic bone and removal of restricting soft tissues without associated articular procedures. In the past, such procedures were postponed until bone scans were quiescent, serum alkaline phosphatase was normal, and the ectopic bone was mature. Postoperative management sometimes included radiation therapy, prolonged nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and intensive physiotherapy. We believe that delayed treatment beyond the time of @entity174 healing is unnecessary to obtain results comparable to those of previous studies. Similarly, we propose that radiation therapy is not necessary after excision of @entity2736 . Fourteen @entity1 (15 elbows) were prospectively managed with early excision of posttraumatic @entity2736 , immediate postoperative mobilization, and a 5-day course of @entity3352 . The average time from injury to release was 23 weeks. The mean preoperative arc of flexion/extension was 43 degrees; that of pronation/supination was 79 degrees. After 2 years, the corresponding values were 120 degrees and 152 degrees. @entity7769 , present in 5 @entity1 , resolved after surgery. Three @entity260 occurred in 2 @entity1 . There were no recurrent @entity1159 or @entity393 .

title: Early "simple" release of posttraumatic elbow contracture associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['Cubital tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of motion']

answer: @entity2736 :: (MESH:D009999,Disease) :: ['heterotopic ossification']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Locally advanced, recurrent @entity14 involving the @entity2270 may be considered a contraindication for curative surgery because of the technical challenges of achieving a negative margin resection and an assumed poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess oncologic outcomes and the ability to achieve an R0 resection in these @entity1 . DESIGN: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained @entity14 database identified 406 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgery for locally recurrent @entity14 between 1997 and 2007. SETTING: This study was conducted at an academic multidisciplinary tertiary center. @entity1 : The demographic and clinicopathological features of @entity1 undergoing resection for locally advanced disease involving the @entity2270 at our institution were reviewed. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 (7 @entity1 , median age 51 years) were identified. Major vessel involvement included internal iliac artery (n = 7), common iliac artery (n = 5), external iliac artery (n = 3), aorta (n = 3), internal iliac vein (n = 2), and external iliac vein (n = 1). R0 resection was achieved in 7 @entity1 , and R1 resection in 5. Eleven @entity1 received intraoperative radiation therapy. Vascular reconstruction (3 aorta, 5 common iliac, 3 external iliac) included synthetic interposition grafts, femoral-femoral bypasses, or primary @entity254 . One @entity1 underwent venous reconstruction of the external iliac vein. No graft complications were encountered, and graft patency at 4 years was 100%. Thirty-day morbidity was seen in 9 @entity1 , 8 of whom had Clavien grade <3. Thirty-day mortality was nil. Overall and disease-free survival at 4 years was 55% and 45%. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by its sample size, retrospective design, and the number of outcome events. CONCLUSION: R0 resection of locally advanced recurrent @entity14 involving the @entity2270 was achieved in over 50% of @entity1 . Overall and disease-free survival was comparable to outcomes seen with locally advanced disease to nonvascular structures.

title: Surgery for locally advanced recurrent XXXX involving the @entity2270 : can we achieve R0 resection and long-term survival?

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac axis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Nearly all @entity1 with metastatic @entity263 respond to @entity342 ablation, demonstrating that at least a portion of their @entity5 cells are @entity342 responsive. Unfortunately, however, individual @entity263 contain clones of @entity342 -independent, in addition to @entity342 -responsive, @entity5 cells. Due to this @entity5 cell heterogeneity, essentially all @entity1 treated with @entity342 ablation alone eventually relapse to a state unresponsive to further antiandrogen therapy; cures are rarely produced. To produce cures, additional nonhormonal therapy targeted at the @entity342 -independent @entity263 cells within the @entity1 should be combined with @entity342 ablation targeted at the @entity342 -dependent @entity5 cells. The validity of such combined chemo-hormonal therapy was tested using, as the experimental model, two members of the Dunning system of serially transplantable @entity35 @entity263 . Specifically the slow growing, well differentiated H and the fast growing, poorly differentiated G Dunning sublines were used, since these cover the clinical extremes observed for @entity1 @entity263 . The chemotherapeutic agent used in combination with surgical @entity342 ablation (i.e., castration) in these studies was Cytoxan. These studies demonstrate that for both the H and G @entity5 -bearing @entity35 , the mean survival following combined chemo-hormonal therapy was increased above that found for castrate or Cytoxan when either was used as monotherapy. In addition, an inverse relationship between @entity5 size at the time of initiation of therapy and the ability of the combined chemo-hormonal therapy to cure animal bearing either the H or G sublines was demonstrated. Such combined chemo-hormonal therapy could only cure a proportion (i.e., 30-40%) of H or G @entity5 -bearing animals if initiated when the @entity5 was less than or equal to 0.2 cm3 in size. In contrast, if the @entity5 was 1-2 cm3 in starting size when the chemo-hormonal therapy was initiated, no animal was cured. Neither of the monotherapies (i.e., castrates or Cytoxan alone) could cure any animals regardless of the starting size.

title: Relationship between @entity5 size and curability of XXXX by combined chemo-hormonal therapy in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'prostatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A rise or fall of cardiac troponin is a prerequisite for the diagnosis of @entity583 . Defining significant changes requires knowledge of both biological and analytical variation. The short-term biological variation of cardiac troponin in healthy individuals is 3%-48%. However, healthy individuals may not be representative for @entity1 in whom cardiac troponin measurement is often of clinical importance. Therefore, we studied the individual variation of cardiac troponin in @entity1 with symptoms of stable @entity453 . METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 scheduled for elective coronary angiography were included. Blood samples were drawn once at enrollment and serially at six 4-h intervals on the day before coronary angiography. Cardiac troponin was measured with hs-cTn assays from Abbott Laboratories (premarket @entity6949 assay) and Roche Diagnostics (Elecsys(  ) @entity10020 assay with two different lots). RESULTS: The short-term individual variation in @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) was 14%, the reference change value (RCV) 49%, and RCV-log-normal (rise/fall) 54%/-35%. The corresponding values for @entity10020 were 7%, 23%, and 26%/-21%. The long-term variation for @entity6949 was 24%, RCV 69%, and RCV-log-normal (rise/fall) 97%/-49%. The corresponding values for @entity10020 were 11%, 32%, and 37%/-27%. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term individual variation of cardiac troponin in @entity1 with symptoms of stable @entity453 is similar to the biological variation previously demonstrated in healthy individuals. Our results suggest that a change in cardiac troponin concentrations of >50% can be used in attempting to diagnose acute @entity296 . To detect significant long-term changes in cardiac troponin concentrations, larger changes will be required.

title: Short- and long-term individual variation in cardiac troponin in @entity1 with stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Importance: The optimal management for elderly @entity1 with @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is controversial. Following maximal safe resection or biopsy, accepted treatment paradigms for elderly @entity1 with @entity463 include combined-modality therapy (CMT) with both radiotherapy (RT) and @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ), RT alone, and @entity7730 alone. Objective: To evaluate the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) outcomes associated with RT, @entity7730 , and CMT for elderly @entity1 with @entity463 in the modern temozolomide @entity7971 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : In this retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained, multi-institutional national @entity5 registry, the National @entity5 Database was queried for elderly @entity1 (>= 65 years) with newly diagnosed @entity463 from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2011, with complete data sets for RT, @entity7730 , @entity5 resection, Charlson-Deyo comorbidity scores, age, sex, and year of diagnosis. Data analysis was performed from October 2015 through December 2015. Interventions: Combined-modality therapy, RT, @entity7730 . Main Outcomes and Measures: Survival by treatment cohort was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed using the log rank test, univariate and multivariate Cox models, and propensity score-matched analyses. Results: A total of 16   717 @entity1 (median [range] age, 73 [65->= 90 y]; 8870 [53%] male) were identified. The median @entity1349 by treatment was 9.0 (95% CI, 8.8-9.3) months with CMT (8435 @entity1 ), 4.7 (95% CI, 4.5-5.0) months with RT alone (1693 @entity1 ), 4.3 (95% CI, 4.0-4.7) months with @entity7730 alone (1018 @entity1 ), and 2.8 (95% CI, 2.8-2.9) months with no therapy (5571 @entity1 ) (P   <   .001). On multivariate analysis, CMT was superior to both @entity7730 alone (hazard ratio, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.40-1.60]; P   <   .001) and RT alone (hazard ratio, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.39-1.55]; P   <   .001), whereas no differences were observed between @entity7730 alone vs RT alone (P   =   .60). Propensity score-matched analyses redemonstrated improved @entity1349 with CMT over @entity7730 alone (P   =   .002) and RT alone (P   <   .001); no differences were observed between @entity7730 alone vs RT alone (P   =   .44). On subgroup analyses, a consistent @entity1349 advantage was observed with CMT over both @entity7730 alone and RT alone across each age stratification (65-69, 70-74, 75-79, and >= 80 years) and among @entity1 treated with or without @entity5 resection (all P   <   .001). Conclusions and Relevance: In this analysis of multimodality therapy for elderly @entity1 with @entity463 , @entity1349 was superior with CMT compared with @entity7730 alone and RT alone. Survival was similar between @entity7730 alone and RT alone, and both @entity7730 alone and RT alone were superior to no therapy. This analysis supports the use of CMT for suitable elderly candidates.

title: Combined-Modality Therapy With Radiation and Chemotherapy for Elderly @entity1 With XXXX in the Temozolomide @entity7971 : A National @entity5 Database Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Glioblastoma']


abstract: @entity28225 is a rare @entity74 , characterized histologically by infiltration of @entity5644 Schiff-positive hyaline material into the skin, upper aerodigestive tract, and internal organs. Classical clinical features include @entity272 , beaded eyelid papules, and laryngeal infiltration leading to hoarseness. Moreover, the infiltrates in the tongue and its frenulum limit lingual movements and cause @entity8408 . Usually, the hoarse voice is present at birth or in early infancy, as the first manifestation. In more severe cases, diffuse infiltration of the pharynx and larynx might cause respiratory distress, at times requiring tracheostomy. The disorder has recently been shown to result from loss-of-function mutations in the @entity13772 gene on chromosome 1q21. The function of the protein @entity13772 gene is still unclear, although an important role in skin physiology and homeostasis has been hypothesized. In this report, the case is described of a 6-year-old @entity1 with @entity28225 . Histopathological examination of a laryngeal biopsy specimen showed massive deposits of eosinophilic, @entity5644 Schiff-positive, and diastase resistant material in the lamina propria corroborating the clinical diagnosis of @entity28225 . Molecular analyses in this @entity1 also confirmed the clinical diagnosis. The proposita was a compound heterozygote for a new small rearrangement (543de1TG/ins15) in exon 6, and a nonsense mutation ( @entity39553 ) in exon 7. Together with previously documented mutations in the @entity13772 gene, this study supports the hypothesis that exons 6 and 7 are the most common sites for @entity13772 gene mutations in @entity28225 .

title: XXXX : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5644 :: ('MESH:D010504', 'Chemical') :: ['periodic acid']

entities_list: @entity39553 :: ('p|SUB|R|243|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg243Stop']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin scarring']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity28225 :: ('MESH:D008065', 'Disease') :: ['lipoid proteinosis', 'Lipoid proteinosis']

entities_list: @entity8408 :: ('MESH:D013064', 'Disease') :: ['speech difficulties']

entities_list: @entity13772 :: ('1893', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular matrix protein 1']

answer: @entity28225 :: (MESH:D008065,Disease) :: ['Lipoid proteinosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Screening can increase early detection and reduce rates of @entity5 . Uninsured @entity1 have been shown to have lower rates of screening. Previous studies have shown that uninsured @entity1 and @entity1 with Medicaid present with more advanced stages of @entity5 . The aim of this study was to measure the effect of insurance status in the setting of a safety-net hospital. METHODS: @entity1 in our @entity5 registry with a diagnosis of breast or @entity14 between 2001 and 2010 were included. On the basis of their insurance status, they were divided into the following groups: Medicaid, Medicare, Medicare age <65 years, commercial, uninsured, and unknown. @entity5 stage was recorded for each @entity1 , with stages III and IV considered @entity1442 . The primary end point was the rate of @entity1442 in each @entity1 group. RESULTS: A total of 910 @entity1 were included in the study: 836 (91.9%) insured, 54 (5.9%) uninsured, and 20 (2.2%) unknown. Of the insured @entity1 , 301 (36.0%) had Medicaid; 237 (30.7%) of 836 insured @entity1 had @entity1442 , compared with 27 (50.0%) of 54 uninsured @entity1 (odds ratio, 1.63; P = .003). Of @entity1 with Medicaid, 83 (27.6%) of 301 had @entity1442 , which was not statistically different from @entity1 with other insurance. CONCLUSIONS: In a safety-net hospital, @entity1 with Medicaid had rates of @entity5 similar to those in @entity1 with other types of insurance. However, @entity1 with no insurance had significantly higher rates of @entity1442 . This has significant ramifications in view of the new healthcare law, which will convert many @entity1 from being uninsured to having Medicaid.

title: Effect of insurance status on the stage of breast and XXXX in a safety-net hospital.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced-stage cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: HPLC was used to study the inclusion complexes formed between various beta- and @entity42793 and a series of @entity288 related to @entity5935 . Apparent association constants were measured in @entity1626 -water for a set of 13 @entity230 . An increase in the stability of the @entity134 -cyclodextrin complex is observed at lower concentrations of @entity1626 . The effects of the nature of the @entity2866 at the 9-position, the location of a double bond within the C-ring, substitution at the 9- and 11-positions, and modification of the D-ring of the @entity134 backbone were studied. The 11- and 17-positions were found to be critically involved in the inclusion process. Larger apparent association constants were obtained with @entity37610 ( @entity37611 ) than with @entity11151 ( @entity19987 ) due to the increased diameter of the gamma-CD cavity. Van't Hoff plots were constructed to examine the thermodynamic properties of the inclusion process. Plots constructed using retention factors were found to be nonlinear when gamma-CD was present in the mobile phase. This is due to an increase in the strength of the inclusion complex as temperature decreases. Plots constructed using apparent association constants were linear, indicating that the mechanism of inclusion does not change over the range of temperatures studied (10 to 80 degrees C). @entity1538 was observed for 11 of the 13 @entity230 studied. The usefulness of cyclodextrins to achieve the separation of @entity230 in HPLC is discussed and a practical application for the analysis of a @entity134 and three potential impurities is described.

title: Characterization of inclusion complexes of @entity5935 -related XXXX with cyclodextrins using high-performance liquid chromatography.

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['Enthalpy-entropy compensation']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity11151 :: ('MESH:C031215', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-cyclodextrin']

entities_list: @entity42793 :: ('MESH:D047408', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-cyclodextrins']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity37610 :: ('MESH:C023792', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-cyclodextrin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1185 of the nose and paranasal sinuses is a @entity5 originated from nose mucosa. Especially @entity1179 tumor has a significant recurrence and @entity5 potential rate. The aim of the study was the analysis of clinical and treatment outcomes of @entity1 with @entity1185 of the nose and paranasal sinuses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The retrospective analysis was curried out on 41 @entity1 --16 with papiloma of the nasal vestibule and 25 with @entity1179 the nose and paranasal sinuses surgically treated in I ENT Clinic Medical University in Lodz between 1998-2004 years. We analyzed @entity1 's complains, clinical data and surgical follow-up results. RESULTS: The most frequent complains was increasing unilateral nasal obstruction and rhinorhea. @entity1185 were intranasal removed in all cases. In extended @entity5 nose and paranasal sinuses in 14 cases intranasal procedures, in 7 sublabial approached, in 4 lateral rhynothomy were performed. In 5 @entity1 local recurrences was observed and in 3 neoplasmatic transformation. CONCLUSION: The choice of surgical management should be individual with respect to @entity5 localization and extension of neoplasmatic process. The treatment result depends of radical @entity5 resection.

title: [Results of XXXX of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['Papilloma', 'Nasal vestibule papilloma', 'papilloma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1185 :: (MESH:D010212,Disease) :: ['treatment papilloma']


abstract: @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and insulin are polypeptide hormones that stimulate their cellular responses by binding to specific cell membrane receptors. These receptors, while chemically distinct, have similar structural and functional characteristics. This manuscript describes the production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody that binds to both type I IGF and insulin receptors. This antibody did not inhibit hormone binding to either receptor type, but stimulated DNA synthesis in both @entity1 and @entity19 fibroblasts. Ten BALB/c-BYJ @entity19 were immunized with @entity1 placental membrane fragments, and their splenic lymphocytes were fused with SP2 AG0 @entity19 @entity1582 cells. Of approximately 3000 hybridoma clones thus obtained, 1 viable clone, designated V3,8 D7, was found to produce an antibody directed against the type I IGF receptor. Solubilized radiolabeled placental membranes immunoprecipitated with affinity-purified antibody and analyzed by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions revealed bands with relative molecular masses corresponding to the nonreduced intact receptor (approximately 350 x 10(3], the alpha-subunit (130-140 x 10(3], and the beta-subunit (90 x 10(3] of the type I IGF receptor. Clonal supernatant and affinity-purified antibody precipitated solubilized receptors affinity labeled with [125I] @entity442 . Antibody V3,8 D7 also precipitated solubilized placental membranes affinity labeled with [125I]insulin. However, solubilized receptors affinity purified by the monoclonal antibody bound @entity442 much better than insulin, suggesting that this antibody has a higher affinity for the type I IGF receptor than for the @entity8277 . Affinity-purified antibody did not inhibit the binding of @entity442 or insulin to receptors on @entity1 placental membranes, suggesting that it is directed against a site on the type I IGF and @entity8277 not involved in hormone binding. However, affinity-purified monoclonal antibody stimulated DNA synthesis in @entity1 GM 498 and @entity19 BALB/c-3T3 clone A 31 fibroblasts, as determined by @entity665 incorporation. The combination of @entity442 and affinity-purified antibody did not increase @entity1014 incorporation above levels observed with either substrate alone, suggesting that these factors may be operating through a common mechanism. These results suggest that antibody V3,8 D7 can stimulate receptor responses by binding to a site on the type I IGF and/or insulin receptors that is not involved in hormone binding. These data support the concept that hormone receptors themselves possess the biological information required for stimulating specific cellular responses.

title: A monoclonal antibody to the type 1 insulin-like growth factor and insulin receptors stimulates deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in XXXX and @entity19 fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined trends and @entity1 characteristics for non-traumatic dental condition (NTDC) visits to @entity341 ( @entity341 ), and compared them to other @entity2613 visit types, specifically non-dental ambulatory care sensitive conditions (non-dental ACSCs) and non-ambulatory care sensitive conditions (non-ACSCs) in the United States. METHODS: We analyzed data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care survey (NHAMCS) for 1997 to 2007. We performed descriptive statistics and used a multivariate multinomial logistic regression to examine the odds of one of the three visit types occurring at an @entity2613 . All analyses were adjusted for the survey design. RESULTS: NTDC visits accounted for 1.4% of all @entity2613 visits with a 4% annual rate of increase (from 1.0% in 1997 to 1.7% in 2007). Self-pay @entity1 (32%) and Medicaid enrollees (27%) were over-represented among NTDC visits compared to non-dental ACSC and non-ACSC visits (P < 0.0001). Females consistently accounted for over 50% of all types of @entity2613 visits examined. Compared to whites, Hispanics had significantly lower odds of an NDTC visit versus other visit types (P < 0.0001). Blacks had significantly lower odds of making NDTC visits when compared to non-dental ACSC visits only (P < 0.0001). Compared to private insurance enrollees, Medicaid and self-pay @entity1 had 2-3 times the odds of making NTDC visits compared to other visit types. CONCLUSION: Nationally, NTDC visits to @entity341 increased over time. Medicaid and self-pay @entity1 had significantly higher odds of making NDTC visits.

title: @entity1 characteristics and trends in nontraumatic dental condition visits to XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency departments']


abstract: Association between @entity79 and bone mineral content in old age and milk consumption in adolescence, midlife, and old age was assessed. The association was strongest for milk consumption in midlife: those drinking milk daily or more often had higher @entity79 and content in old age than those drinking milk seldom or never. INTRODUCTION: The role of lifelong milk consumption for @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and bone mineral content (BMC) in old age is not clear. Here we assess the association between hip @entity79 and BMC in old age and milk consumption in adolescence, midlife, and current old age. METHODS: @entity1 of the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study, aged 66-96 years (N = 4,797), reported retrospective milk intake during adolescence and midlife as well as in current old age, using a validated food frequency questionnaire. BMC of femoral neck and trochanteric area was measured by volumetric quantitative computed tomography and @entity79 obtained. Association was assessed using linear regression models. Differences in BMC, bone volume, and @entity79 in relation to milk intake were portrayed as gender-specific Z-scores. RESULTS: @entity1 consuming milk >=  once/day during midlife had 0.21 higher Z-scores for @entity79 and 0.18 for BMC in femoral neck (95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.39 and 0.01-0.35, respectively) compared with < once/week. Results were comparable for trochanter. For @entity1 the results were similar, with slightly lower differences according to midlife milk consumption. For current and adolescent milk consumption, differences in Z-scores were smaller and only reached statistical significance in the case of @entity79 for current consumption in @entity1 , while this association was less pronounced for BMC. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that regular milk consumption throughout life, from adolescence to old age, is associated with higher BMC and @entity79 in old age, with no differences seen in bone volume. The strongest associations are seen for midlife milk consumption in both genders.

title: Milk consumption throughout life and bone mineral content and density in elderly XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Men', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity8273 ( @entity8273 ), a simple @entity7016 unit, can polymerize and is considered a primary component of the extracellular matrix, which has a wide range of biological functions. In recent years, @entity8273 was found on the surface of @entity5 cells. According to previous reports, differing @entity8273 content on the cell surface of @entity5 cells is closely related to lymph node @entity3 , but the mechanisms mediating this process remained unclear. This research intended to study the surface content of @entity8273 on @entity5 cells and analyze cell adhesive changes caused by the interaction between @entity8273 and its lymphatic endothelial receptor ( @entity14600 ). We screened and observed high @entity8273 content on HS-578T breast cells and low @entity8273 content on MCF-7 breast cells through particle exclusion, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry experiments. The expression of @entity14600 , the lymph-vessel specific @entity8273 receptor, was consistent with our previous report and enhanced the adhesion of @entity8273 (high)-HS-578T cells to COS-7( @entity14600 (+)) through @entity8273 in cell static adhesion and dynamic parallel plate flow chamber experiments. MCF-7 breast cells contain little @entity8273 on the surface; however, our results showed little adhesion difference between MCF-7 cells and COS-7( @entity14600 and COS-7( @entity14600 ) cells. Similar results were observed concerning the adhesion of HS-578T cells or MCF-7 cells to @entity19 cells. Furthermore, we observed for the first time that the cell surface @entity8273 content of high transfer @entity5 cells was rich, and we visualized the cross-linking of @entity8273 cable structures, which may activate @entity14600 on lymphatic endothelial cells, promoting @entity5 adhesion. In summary, high-low cell surface @entity8273 content of @entity5 cells through the interaction with @entity14600 leads to adhesion differences.

title: The interaction between @entity14600 with hyaluronan on the cell surface may play a role in the diversity of adhesion to XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity8273 :: ('MESH:C565742', 'Disease') :: ['HA', 'Hyaluronan']

entities_list: @entity7016 :: ('CHEBI:36233', 'Chemical') :: ['disaccharide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There is a need for a brief symptom index for advanced @entity703 that includes perspectives of both @entity1 and clinicians and is consistent with the Food and Drug Administration's guidance for @entity1 -reported outcome measures. This study developed and examined the preliminary reliability and validity of the new National @entity5 Network/Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)-Kidney Symptom Index 19. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with advanced @entity703 provided open-ended and survey responses ranking their most important symptoms. Responses were reconciled with published clinician reports of the most important symptoms. Ten experienced oncologists rated symptoms as disease- or treatment-related. @entity1 completed quality-of-life and performance status measures. RESULTS: A 19-item index was produced from symptoms that were rated as most important by @entity1 or clinicians. It includes three subscales: @entity66 ( @entity66 ), @entity458 ( @entity458 ), and general function and well-being (FWB). Internal consistency was good for the full instrument (a = 0.83), the @entity66 subscale (a = 0.76), and the FWB subscale (a = 0.78) but lower for the @entity458 subscale (a = 0.59). Convergent validity was demonstrated through correlations with the FACT-General. @entity1 with differing performance status were distinguished by the total score (F2,47 = 17.37; P < .0001), the @entity66 subscale (F2,47 = 14.22; P < .0001), and the FWB subscale (F2,47 = 13.40; P < .0001) but not the @entity458 subscale (F2,47 =1.48; P = 0.2380). CONCLUSIONS: The National @entity5 Network/FACT-Kidney Symptom Index 19 combines symptoms deemed most important by @entity1 and clinicians. Preliminary evidence suggests that the total score and @entity66 and FWB subscales are reliable and valid as summary indexes. The @entity458 subscale may be least relevant given the advent of newer therapies.

title: Development and initial validation of the NCCN/FACT symptom index for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DRS', 'disease-related symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['treatment side effects', 'TSE']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['kidney cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity24724 is a therapy for the treatment of @entity1 with paroxysmal and persistent @entity955 or @entity956 . According to results in the ATHENA trial, @entity24724 on top of standard of care (SOC) decreases the risk of @entity65 or @entity204 by 24% compared with SOC alone. OBJECTIVES: A @entity1 -level health economic model was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of @entity24724 on top of SOC versus SOC alone. METHODS: The risk of experiencing @entity64 , @entity712 , @entity1187 , treatment discontinuation, and @entity204 was modeled by separate health states, whereas adverse events were included as 1-time cost and utility decrements. State transition probabilities were primarily deduced from the @entity1 -level data from ATHENA using survival analysis. Four sets of analyses were performed to reflect costs and treatment effects in Canada, Italy, Sweden, and Switzerland. Cost-effectiveness analysis was also conducted in a newly defined @entity1 population identified by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to avoid the use of @entity24724 in permanent AF @entity1 resembling those in the PALLAS study. RESULTS: The predicted survival time was, for the Canadian cohort, extended from 10.11 to 10.24 years when @entity24724 was added to SOC. Similar results were found for the other countries, resulting in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of    5828,    5873,    14,970, and    8554 per QALYs for Canada, Italy, Sweden, and, Switzerland, respectively. These results are all well below current established cost-effectiveness thresholds. In the EMA-restricted population, all @entity1 were predicted to live longer, and the @entity10679 increased but remained within established thresholds, with an average cost per QALY gained of    15,900. CONCLUSIONS: @entity24724 on top of SOC appears to be a cost-effective treatment for @entity955 compared with SOC alone. Despite the differences in the local settings considered, the results were consistent among all the countries included in the study. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00174785.

title: Cost-effectiveness of @entity24724 in XXXX : results for Canada, Italy, Sweden, and Switzerland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity24724 :: ('MESH:C118667', 'Chemical') :: ['Dronedarone', 'dronedarone']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular hospitalizations']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The effect of transient @entity5 expansion after conventionally fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) on the symptomatic outcomes is not well-known. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study enrolled 201 consecutive @entity1 who received SRT for @entity5513 . A conventional fractionation schedule was applied in 194 @entity1 (97%), and 142 (71%) received a total dose of 50 Gy. The median follow-up time was 72 months. RESULTS: The maximum diameter was 9 mm or less in 13 @entity1 , 10-19 mm in 79 @entity1 , 20-29 mm in 87 @entity1 , and 30 mm or greater in 22 @entity1 . At presentation, @entity5 size of 20 mm or greater was significantly associated with loss of serviceable hearing and @entity16 . After SRT, @entity5 expansion was observed in 42 @entity1 (21%). By @entity5 size, @entity5 expansion was observed in 0%, 11.4%, 25.6%, and 50% of @entity1 with @entity5 of 9 mm or less, 10-19 mm, 20-29 mm, and 30 mm or greater, respectively, in diameter. The @entity5 expansion was significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity1276 requiring shunt placement (P=.004), loss of serviceable hearing (P=.0064), and worsening of @entity353 . Spontaneous @entity5 shrinkage was observed in 29 of those 42 @entity1 , mostly within 2 years after the expansion, and the majority of the worsened symptoms except for hearing resolved once the @entity5 had shrunk. As a result, salvage surgical resection for symptomatic relief was required in only 5% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Fractionated SRT could be safely applied even for medium- to large-sized (>= 20 mm) @entity5 . However, greater knowledge of the risks and consequences, including transient symptomatic worsening, and the time span of expansion will be required for the follow-up of @entity1 after SRT to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.

title: Symptomatic outcomes in relation to @entity5 expansion after fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy for XXXX : single-institutional long-term experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['facial (P<.0001) and trigeminal nerve (P<.0001) functions']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuropathy']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: @entity3168 type E isolates produce iota-toxin, which is encoded by @entity39753 and @entity39754 genes. Using Southern blot analyses, the current study identified @entity39753 / @entity39754 plasmids of approximately 97 or approximately 135 kb among eight type E isolates. For most of these isolates, their @entity39753 / @entity39754 plasmid also encoded urease and lambda-toxin. However, the @entity39755 gene, if present, was on a different plasmid from the @entity39753 / @entity39754 plasmid. For all isolates, the @entity39753 / @entity39754 plasmid carried a tcp locus, strongly suggesting that these plasmids are conjugative. Overlapping PCR analyses demonstrated some similarity between the @entity39753 / @entity39754 plasmids and enterotoxin-encoding plasmids of type A isolates. Additional PCR analyses demonstrated that the @entity39753 / @entity39754 locus is located near dcm sequences, an apparent plasmid hot spot for toxin gene insertion, and that two IS1151-related sequences are present in the @entity39753 / @entity39754 locus. To begin testing whether those IS1151-like sequences can mobilize @entity39753 / @entity39754 genes, a PCR assay was performed that amplifies a product only from circular DNA forms that could represent transposition intermediates. This PCR assay detected circular forms containing @entity39753 / @entity39754 genes and silent enterotoxin gene sequences, with or without an IS1151-like sequence. Collectively, these results suggest that a mobile genetic element carrying @entity39753 / @entity39754 has inserted onto a tcp-carrying enterotoxin plasmid in a type A isolate, creating a progenitor @entity39753 / @entity39754 plasmid. That plasmid then spread via conjugation to other isolates, converting them to type E. Further @entity39753 / @entity39754 plasmid diversity occurred when either the @entity39753 / @entity39754 genes later remobilized and inserted onto other conjugative plasmids or some @entity39753 / @entity39754 plasmids acquired additional DNA sequences.

title: Comparison of virulence plasmids among XXXX type E isolates.

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

answer: @entity3168 :: (1502,Species) :: ['Clostridium perfringens']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Inhaled @entity842 is a promising therapy to control @entity120 . However, @entity120 caused by @entity340 is often refractory to inhaled @entity842 . The objective of this study was to determine whether the combination of inhaled @entity842 plus @entity4341 will cause a response in @entity1 with @entity120 undergoing cardiac operations who had not responded to inhaled @entity842 alone. METHODS: Responses in 10 @entity1 (62 +/- 7 years) with @entity120 caused by aortic or mitral @entity340 (mean pulmonary artery pressure, > or = 30 mm Hg) were studied in the operating room after valve replacement. The effect of inhaled @entity842 alone (40 ppm) on pulmonary vascular resistance, mean pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac output, and mean arterial pressure was determined. Inhaled @entity842 administration was then stopped and @entity1 were given @entity4341 (0.2 mg/kg intravenously); the effect of inhaled @entity842 plus @entity4341 was then examined. RESULTS: @entity4341 effected a response in @entity1 who had not responded to @entity842 . Pulmonary vascular resistance and mean pulmonary artery pressure were significantly reduced and cardiac output was increased without change in mean arterial pressure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity120 in whom inhaled @entity842 alone fails to cause a response may respond to combined therapy of inhaled @entity842 plus @entity4341 . This therapy may be particularly valuable in @entity1 with dysfunction of the right side of the heart as a result of @entity120 because of its effective lowering of right ventricular afterload.

title: Effective control of XXXX after cardiac operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'refractory pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease', 'valvular disease']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['refractory pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: 1. The probable involvement of @entity935 in the regulation of water excretion was investigated by administering @entity935 antagonists intravenously to barbiturate--anaesthetized @entity35 undergoing a water diuresis induced by the infusion of 0.83% @entity413 with 0.3% @entity1219 at the rate of 9 ml h-1. 2. Administration of 100 micrograms of the D1-/D2- @entity935 antagonist, @entity1767 , reduced the enhanced urine flow of @entity35 infused with the @entity2421 solution by 69% (from 75.4 +/- 13.0 to 23.6 +/- 6.0 microliter min-1, P less than 0.01). Similarly, the D1-receptor antagonist, @entity10095 , reduced urine flow by 58% (from 77.5 +/- 9.2 to 32.7 +/- 7.2 microliters min-1, P less than 0.01) and the D2-receptor antagonist, @entity3216 , by 47% (from 66.2 +/- 8.6 to 35.1 +/- 6.8 microliter min-1, P less than 0.05). 3. The injection of @entity10095 increased the urine osmolality from 189.6 +/- 27.5 to 479.8 +/- 45.8 mosm kg-1 (P less than 0.05). There was no significant change in @entity1372 and @entity972 excretion in any of the experiments. Blood pressure (BP) decreased after @entity1767 and @entity10095 injection from control values of 121.7 +/- 1.7 and 116.5 +/- 7.4 to 113.3 +/- 3.3 and 106.0 +/- 8.8 mmHg respectively (P less than 0.05). 4. To study whether the influence of @entity935 antagonists on urine flow during water diuresis depends on @entity6085 ( @entity6085 ), we administered 0.6 micrograms d( @entity845 )5-D- @entity815 -Ile- @entity1831 (an @entity6085 antagonist) shortly after the injection of 100 micrograms @entity10095 . The preferential V2 @entity6085 -antagonist abolished the antidiuretic effect of @entity10095 but did not affect its blood pressure reducing effect (from 118.6 +/- 5.6 to 103.2 +/- 4.6 mmHg, P <0.01). 5. These results suggest that @entity935 antagonists blunted the @entity2421 saline-induced diuresis by favouring @entity6085 release through an interference with an inhibitory dopaminergic pathway.

title: Effect of @entity935 antagonists on the urine flow of XXXX infused with @entity2421 saline.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity6085 :: ('MESH:D007177', 'Disease') :: ['ADH', 'antidiuretic hormone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A whole genome association study was conducted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with additive and dominant effects for growth and carcass traits in Korean native @entity291 , Hanwoo. METHODS: The data set comprised 61 sires and their 486 Hanwoo steers that were born between spring of 2005 and fall of 2007. The steers were genotyped with the 35,968 SNPs that were embedded in the Illumina @entity291 SNP 50K beadchip and six growth and carcass quality traits were measured for the steers. A series of lack-of-fit tests between the models was applied to classify gene expression pattern as additive or dominant. RESULTS: A total of 18 (0), 15 (3), 12 (8), 15 (18), 11 (7), and 21 (1) SNPs were detected at the 5% chromosome (genome) - wise level for @entity353 ( @entity353 ), @entity353 ( @entity353 ), @entity353 ( @entity353 ), @entity121 ( @entity121 ), longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA) and marbling score, respectively. Among the significant 129 SNPs, 56 SNPs had additive effects, 20 SNPs dominance effects, and 53 SNPs both additive and dominance effects, suggesting that dominance inheritance mode be considered in genetic improvement for growth and carcass quality in Hanwoo. The significant SNPs were located at 33 quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions on 18 @entity291 chromosomes (i.e. BTA 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 26, 28, and 29) were detected. There is strong evidence that BTA14 is the key chromosome affecting @entity353 . Also, BTA20 is the key chromosome for almost all traits measured ( @entity353 , @entity353 , LMA). CONCLUSION: The application of various additive and dominance SNP models enabled better characterization of @entity4982 inheritance mode for growth and carcass quality traits in Hanwoo, and many of the detected SNPs or QTL had dominance effects, suggesting that dominance be considered for the whole-genome SNPs data and implementation of successive molecular breeding schemes in Hanwoo.

title: A whole genome association study to detect additive and dominant single nucleotide polymorphisms for growth and carcass traits in Korean native XXXX , Hanwoo.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['backfat thickness', 'BFT']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['Bos Taurus', 'cattle', 'bovine']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weaning weight', 'CWT', 'yearling weight', 'WWT', 'YWT', 'carcass weight']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Twenty-three consecutive @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 complicated by @entity2203 who came under the care of one surgeon were treated by highly selective vagotomy (HSV) combined with digital dilatation of the @entity850 through a gastrotomy. No form of @entity5173 procedure was used. Thus the antral "mill" and the pyloric sphineter were left intact. Since the @entity850 is usually distal to the pylorus rather than truly pyloric such dilatation does not damage the pyloric ring, although it may on occasion lead to perforation of the first part of the duodenum. The subsequent progress of these @entity1 was compared with that of a similar, consecutive series of 23 @entity1 with @entity2203 who were treated by truncal vagotomy with a @entity5173 procedure by other surgeons on the same surgical unit. @entity1 were followed up for between four months and five years. The clinical assessment was carried out in "blind" fashion at a special gastric follow-up clinic. No evidence of recurrent @entity1066 was found in either group of @entity1 . Two @entity1 from each group subsequently came to reoperation for the relief of @entity7623 . Twenty-two of the 23 @entity1 (96%) who had undergone HSV plus dilatation eventually achieved a good-to-excellent clinical result (Visick grades 1+2), wheras only 17 of the 23 @entity1 (74%) who had undergone truncal vagotomy with @entity5173 achieved such a result. The main clinical difference between the two groups was that side effects such as @entity294 and @entity490 or discomfort were more common after vagotomy with @entity5173 than after HSV. These results bear witness to the remarkable propulsive powers of the gastric antrum after HSV, which were evidently sufficient to overcome any tendency to @entity850 in more than 90% of @entity1 . The 9% incidence of failure due to @entity850 could perhaps be avoided if a small duodenoplasty were performed instead of simple digital dilatation. The results support the hypothesis that damage to the antral mill and pyloric sphincter can be avoided in the course of operations for "pyloric" @entity850 secondary to duodenal @entity1066 . Avoidance of the @entity5173 procedure is of benefit to the @entity1 , just as it is in @entity1 who have duodenal @entity1066 without @entity850 .

title: Highly selective vagotomy plus dilatation of the XXXX compared with truncal vagotomy and @entity5173 in the treatment of @entity2203 secondary to duodenal @entity1066 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2203 :: ('MESH:D011707', 'Disease') :: ['pyloric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastric stasis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['re-stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the proportion of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) @entity1 with @entity66 ( <=3 synchronous lesions) using whole body magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-MRI/DWI). To determine the proportion of @entity1 with @entity66 confined within currently accepted target areas for extended lymph node dissection (eLND) and pelvic external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two radiologists reviewed WB-MRI/DWI studies in 96 consecutive newly diagnosed metastatic @entity263 @entity1 ; 46 @entity1 with newly diagnosed castration naive @entity263 (mHNPC) and 50 @entity1 with first appearance of @entity3 during monitoring for non-metastatic castration resistant @entity263 (M0 to mCRPC). The distribution of metastatic deposits was assessed and the proportions of @entity1 with @entity66 and with @entity1600 metastases located within eLND and EBRT targets were determined. RESULTS: Twenty-eight percent of mHNPC and 50% of mCPRC entered the metastatic disease with  <=3 sites. Bone metastases (BM) were identified in 68.8% @entity1 ; 71.7% of mHNPC and 66% mCRPC @entity1 . Most commonly involved areas were iliac bones and lumbar spine. Enlarged @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) were detected in 68.7% of @entity1 ; 69.6% of mHNPC and 68.0% of mCRPC. Most commonly involved areas were para-aortic, inter-aortico-cava, and external iliac areas. BM and @entity1600 were detected concomitantly in 41% of mHNPC and 34% of mCRPC. Visceral metastases were detected in 6.7%. @entity3 was confined to @entity1600 located within the accepted boundaries of eLND or pelvic EBRT target areas in only  <=25% and  <=30% of @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Non-invasive mapping of metastatic landing sites in @entity263 using WB-MRI/DWI shows that 28% of the mHNPC @entity1 , and 52% of the mCRPC can be classified as oligometastatic, thus challenging the concept of metastatic targeted therapy. More than two thirds of metastatic @entity1 have @entity1600 located outside the usually recommended targets of eLND and pelvic EBRT. Prophylactic or salvage treatments of these sole areas in @entity1 with high-risk @entity263 may not prevent the emergence of subsequent metastases. Prostate    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Whole body MRI (WB-MRI) assessment of metastatic spread in @entity263 : Therapeutic perspectives on targeted management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oligometastatic disease', 'nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastatic disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['oligometastatic disease']


abstract: 1. @entity1831 ( @entity1831 ) induced a contraction response in @entity35 urinary bladder smooth muscle in a dose-dependent manner. 2. @entity3352 in a 10-microM concentration cannot change the effects of AVP on urinary bladder smooth muscle, which seem to be mediated by a direct action on the muscle rather than indirectly through prostanoid release. 3. @entity1091 (0.5, 1, and 10 mM) made the muscle more sensitive to AVP action. 4. @entity5154 (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mM) had an inhibitory effect on AVP-induced contraction. 5. It seems that in @entity35 urinary bladder vasopressin-induced contraction is mediated through @entity7425 metabolism.

title: The effects of @entity1091 , @entity3352 , and XXXX on vasopressin-induced contractions in @entity35 urinary bladder.

entities_list: @entity1831 :: ('CHEBI:34543', 'Chemical') :: ['AVP', '[Arg8]Vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity7425 :: ('CHEBI:18179', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositide']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['Neomycin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

answer: @entity5154 :: (MESH:D009355,Chemical) :: ['neomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a common @entity32 characterized by activated T-cell infiltration. T lymphocytes bearing natural killer cell receptors (NKRs) have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 . However, the expression pattern of activating and inhibitory NKRs on T lymphocytes from psoriatic @entity1 and its significance in @entity1569 needs further study. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the pathogenesis of NKR-expressing T cells in @entity1569 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity102 and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The immunophenotypic profiles of NKRs, including @entity2940 , @entity4071 (activating NKRs), @entity16301 , @entity31792 , @entity9706 and @entity9707 (inhibitory NKRs), were analysed in peripheral blood T lymphocytes, as well as psoriatic lesional infiltrating T cells, by triple-fluorescence flow cytometry. RESULTS: A significant increase of inhibitory @entity405 + @entity31792 +, CD4 @entity405 @entity31792 + and @entity405 + @entity9706 / @entity9707 + T cells was found in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity1569 when compared with controls. Tissue-infiltrating T lymphocytes expressing inhibitory receptors @entity31792 , @entity9706 and @entity9707 were found in @entity75 . There was a significant positive correlation between the increased percentage of circulating @entity405 + @entity9706 / @entity9707 + T cells and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, we demonstrated increased proportions of particular subsets of inhibitory @entity31792 + and/or @entity9706 / @entity9707 + T cells in @entity1 with @entity1569 . The elevation of these inhibitory NKR-expressing T cells was correlated with disease severity, which may signify the possibility of chronic antigen-driven stimulation and dysregulated cytokine production in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 .

title: Increased expression of the natural killer cell inhibitory receptor @entity9706 / @entity9707 and XXXX on circulating and lesional T cells in @entity1 with @entity102 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cutaneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity31792 :: (100132285,Gene) :: ['CD158b']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Published reports of complication rates, such as @entity323 , associated with treatments for @entity263 are often used to guide @entity1 decision-making and develop clinical guidelines. Unfortunately, the published data are largely comprised of case series from single institutions. Meta-analysis is a methodology for combining findings from several studies to produce a better result. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review and subsequent meta-analysis of the rates of @entity323 associated with external beam radiotherapy and radical prostatectomy was conducted. A simple logistic regression model was used to combine the data from 40 articles that met selection criteria. RESULTS: The probability of maintaining erectile functioning after radiotherapy is 0.69. The probability after surgery is 0.42. This difference is significant. Analysis of the effects of variables such as @entity1 age and stage of disease on erectile functioning could not be performed due to inconsistencies across studies and the limited number of studies reporting such variables. CONCLUSIONS: The published data indicate that @entity1 with normal erectile functioning are more likely to retain this function after radiotherapy than after surgery. Attention is drawn to the weaknesses in the reviewed studies in the hope that the clinical trials of emerging treatments, such as cryotherapy, brachytherapy, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, and neoadjuvant hormones can be strengthened to reflect more accurately the rate of treatment-associated @entity323 .

title: Erectile functioning of XXXX treated for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Several studies have shown that @entity14424 ( @entity2574 ) is present in synaptic vesicles and released exocytotically from presynaptic terminals, possibly by @entity141 -dependent corelease of @entity2574 and @entity8854 ( @entity367 ). It has been demonstrated that both excitatory @entity1522 (EAAs) are released from the @entity35 striatum as part of corticostriatal neurotransmission. The single or colocalized occurrence of @entity2574 and @entity367 in specific synaptic boutons of the @entity1573 medial striatum/nucl. accumbens has been demonstrated by our group using ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. However, evidence for the presence of EAAs in any specific striatal pathway was only circumstantial. Here, we report on the distribution of @entity2574 and @entity367 in specific synaptic terminals of the amygdalostriatal pathway, both in @entity35 and @entity1573 brains, combining anterograde tracing with postembedding immunogold labeling of @entity2574 or @entity367 . Immunoreactivity for @entity2574 and @entity367 was observed in amygdalofugal terminals with asymmetrical synaptic junctions (morphologically representing excitatory synapses) in both species. The postsynaptic targets were either dendritic spines or small dendrites, whereas axosomatic or axo-axonic connections were not observed. Ultrastructurally, the synaptic terminals immunoreactive for @entity2574 were indistinguishable from those immunoreactive for @entity367 . The findigs are consistent with an @entity2574 - @entity367 corelease mechanism, with a distinct synaptic contingent, evolutionarily conserved in the amygdalostriatal pathway.

title: Amygdalofugal axon terminals immunoreactive for @entity14424 or XXXX in the nucleus accumbens of @entity35 and domestic @entity1573 : a comparative electron microscopic immunocytochemical study combined with anterograde pathway tracing.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity14424 :: ('CHEBI:29991', 'Chemical') :: ['L-aspartate']

answer: @entity8854 :: (CHEBI:29985,Chemical) :: ['L-glutamate']


abstract: Studies on @entity14385 ( @entity14385 ) have been focused mainly on clinically evident @entity14385 due to occlusive thrombi, underestimating therefore the actual @entity715 prevalence. This prospective study was aimed at evaluating prevalence, timing and evolution of @entity715 , and identifying involved veins and risk factors in @entity5 @entity1 (pts) undergoing percutaneous subclavian central venous catheterization (CVC) for chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition or both. We enrolled 127 consecutive pts requiring partially or totally implanted central venous silastic catheters. The study protocol included peripheral phlebography (P) at day 8, 30 and every two months following CVC and/or when clinically indicated, along with peripheral and pullout P on catheter withdrawal. A quantitative scale was developed to evaluate @entity715 grading in subclavian, innominate and cava veins. Age, sex, coagulation profile @entity5 histotype, @entity3 , therapy, catheter type, and catheter insertion side were also investigated. Only pts who underwent at least two P were evaluated, and chi 2 test was adopted for statistical analysis. Altogether, 95 pts were evaluable. @entity14385 was observed in 63/95 (66%) pts. At day 8, 30 and 105 (representing the median days in which first, second and last P were performed) @entity14385 was evidenced in 64%, 65% and 66% of the pts, respectively. @entity715 grading did not differ among first, second and last P. @entity14385 was symptomatic in 4/63 (6%) pts. @entity715 prevalence was higher in subclavian (97%) with respect to innominate (60%) or cava (13%) veins (p < 0.001). @entity715 was higher in left subclavian catheters (14/16; 87.5%) than in right ones (49/79; 62%), p < 0.01. No associations were established between @entity14385 and other investigated parameters. Our data show a very high actual frequency of @entity14385 in @entity5 pts, and emphasize that first days following CVC are at the highest risk for @entity14385 development. Based on our results, a study on short-term antithrombotic prophylaxis in @entity5 pts requiring CVC is warranted. Finally, our data indicate that left subclavian vein catheterization represents a risk factor for @entity14385 .

title: Central venous thrombosis: an early and frequent complication in @entity5 XXXX bearing long-term silastic catheter. A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'Thrombus', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity14385 :: ('MESH:D056824', 'Disease') :: ['CRCVT', 'catheter-related central venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: For over 30 years various combinations of synthetic @entity172 and @entity7828 have been used in oral contraceptive formulations. @entity2082 (EE) and @entity5709 (NA) are common synthetic hormones used in oral contraceptives such as Loestrin, Brevicon, Ortho-Novum, @entity44186 , and @entity44187 . In recent years these oral contraceptives have been considered for development in other therapeutic indications. Given the use of these agents for other clinical indications with different and larger target populations, an updated comprehensive review of the toxicology literature of @entity172 and @entity7828 is warranted. This review will summarize available data on the pharmacology and toxicology of @entity172 and @entity7828 with an emphasis on the specific synthetic hormones EE and NA. @entity2082 and @entity5709 alone or in combination, possess low acute and chronic @entity137 . In some studies, EE and/or NA increased the incidence of specific @entity5 in susceptible strains of rodents and @entity235 , but not monkeys. These agents are not teratogenic when given in combination. Alone EE and NA have clastogenic properties. Overall, the animal data demonstrates that long-term exposure to EE and NA formulations pose very little health risks to @entity1 .

title: Pharmacology and toxicology of @entity2082 and XXXX in experimental animals.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity5709 :: ('MESH:C024262', 'Chemical') :: ['norethindrone acetate']

entities_list: @entity44186 :: ('MESH:C036657', 'Chemical') :: ['Norlestrin']

answer: @entity5709 :: (MESH:C024262,Chemical) :: ['norethindrone acetate']


abstract: @entity2941 ( @entity2941 ) is a rare, @entity154 of the bile ducts. We describe a 26-year-old male @entity1 who was transferred to our hospital with a reported @entity409 following a fall. At the time of injury, the @entity1 experienced severe @entity490 . He was found to have @entity298 and @entity548 , which is quite rare. Laparotomy revealed 3000 mL fluid consisting of a mixture of blood, bile and inflammatory effusion in the peritoneal cavity. The liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and colon appeared normal. A large @entity3928 was discovered near the porta hepatis. This mass, which connected to the hepatic bifurcation and gallbladder had a 5 cm @entity397 in the right wall with active @entity548 . Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and emergency laparotomy revealed @entity397 of a huge type IVa @entity2941 . The @entity1 was successfully managed by primary cyst excision, cholecystectomy, and Roux-en-Y end-to-side hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction. The postoperative course was uneventful and the @entity1 was discharged on the 12(th) day of hospitalization. Four weeks after surgery, abdominal CT scan showed @entity14515 in the intrahepatic bile duct, and @entity384 which decreased following adequate biliary drainage. The @entity1 has remained well in the close follow-up period for 9 mo.

title: XXXX of a type IVa @entity2941 in an adult male.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal hemorrhage', 'arterial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['Choledochal cyst', 'CC']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic rupture of cystic liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity14515 :: ('MESH:D011006', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Traumatic rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) in relation to age, sex, clinical stage, @entity260 , and adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 who underwent curative total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and Omega type esophagojejunostomy for @entity356 . METHODS: 69 @entity1 were included. Lithuanian version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire @entity5 30 was sent to all of them from six months to two years after gastric surgery for self-completion. 34 questionnaires were filled and were used as material for further analysis. Influence of age (>=  65 vs   <   65), sex, clinical stage (I-II vs III), surgical complication, and adjuvant chemotherapy was assessed on QOL in this retrospective cross-sectional case series study. RESULTS: The global health status was better in the group of @entity1 aged over 65 (63.0 points vs 46.4, P   =   0.0509). The functional scales were higher in the same group of @entity1 . Significant difference was only observed on the social scale in favour of elders (P   =   0.0039). Sex, clinical stage, surgical complications, and postoperative chemotherapy had no significant influence on any aspect of QOL. CONCLUSION: The global QOL and the social functioning was better in @entity1 aged 65   years and over, compared to @entity1 under the age of 65 in the period of 6 to 18   months after a total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and Omega esophagojejunostomy.

title: The quality of life after a total gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy and omega type oesophagojejunostomy for XXXX without distant metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5052 is the most important risk factor for the development of @entity210 ; however, not all @entity1 with @entity5052 develop @entity210 , and @entity1 experiencing a @entity210 are not necessarily found to have @entity5052 . We hypothesized that the interactions between serum @entity414 (sUA) and other potential metabolic comorbidities increase the risk of @entity210 development. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted to link baseline metabolic profiles from the MJ Health Screening Center to @entity210 outcomes extracted from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the metabolic risks for incident @entity210 stratified by @entity5052 status (sUA level >7 mg/dl or not). RESULTS: During a mean followup period of 6.45 years (261,500 @entity1 -years), 1,189 @entity1 with clinical @entity210 (899 @entity1 , 202 @entity1 ages >50 years, and 88 @entity1 ages  <=50 years) were identified among the 40,513 examinees. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of @entity5052 for @entity3811 were 5.80 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 4.93-6.81) in @entity1 and 4.37 (95% CI 3.38-5.66) in @entity1 . @entity2298 ( @entity412 level >150 mg/dl) was found as an independent risk factor, with HRs of 1.38 (95% CI 1.18-1.60) in @entity1 with @entity5052 and 1.40 (95% CI 1.02-1.92) in @entity1 without @entity5052 . @entity28 (body mass index >27 kg/m(2) ) was independently associated with @entity210 in older @entity1 , with HRs of 1.72 (95% CI 1.15-2.56) in @entity1 with @entity5052 and 2.19 (95% CI 1.47-3.26) in @entity1 without @entity5052 . CONCLUSION: @entity28 in @entity1 and @entity2298 in @entity1 may potentiate an sUA effect for @entity210 development. Further investigation is needed.

title: Impact of @entity28 and @entity2298 on XXXX development with or without @entity5052 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertriglyceridemia', 'hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['General obesity']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia', 'Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['gout', 'gout attack']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: Compensation of target motion during the delivery of radiotherapy has the potential to improve treatment accuracy, dose conformity and sparing of healthy tissue. We implement an online image guided therapy system based on soft tissue localization (STiL) of the target from electronic portal images and treatment aperture adaptation with a dynamic multi-leaf collimator (DMLC). The treatment aperture is moved synchronously and in real time with the @entity5 during the entire breathing cycle. The system is implemented and tested on a Varian TX clinical linear accelerator featuring an AS-1000 electronic portal imaging device (EPID) acquiring images at a frame rate of 12.86  Hz throughout the treatment. A position update cycle for the treatment aperture consists of four steps: in the first step at time t = t0 a frame is grabbed, in the second step the frame is processed with the STiL algorithm to get the @entity5 position at t = t0, in a third step the @entity5 position at t = ti +   t is predicted to overcome system latencies and in the fourth step, the DMLC control software calculates the required leaf motions and applies them at time t = ti +   t. The prediction model is trained before the start of the treatment with data representing the @entity5 motion. We analyze the system latency with a dynamic chest phantom (4D motion phantom, Washington University). We estimate the average planar position deviation between target and treatment aperture in a clinical setting by driving the phantom with several @entity2 trajectories (recorded from fiducial tracking during radiotherapy delivery to the lung). DMLC tracking for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy without fiducial markers was successfully demonstrated. The inherent system latency is found to be   t = (230    11) ms for a MV portal image acquisition frame rate of 12.86  Hz. The root mean square deviation between @entity5 and aperture position is smaller than 1  mm. We demonstrate the feasibility of real-time markerless DMLC tracking with a standard LINAC-mounted (EPID).

title: Markerless EPID image guided dynamic multi-leaf collimator tracking for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']