abstract: 1. Intracellular recordings were obtained in vitro from @entity398 and vasopressin neurones from dioestrous and lactating female @entity35 . @entity398 neurones were characterized under current clamp by the expression of a depolarization-activated, sustained outward rectification (SOR) and a rebound depolarization (RD). 2. An increment in extracellular K+ shifted the expression of the SOR and RD towards a more depolarized membrane potential, indicating that the mechanisms underlying these events are dependent on extracellular @entity972 . 3. The SOR and RD were blocked by external @entity5128 (10 mM) and @entity8594 (0.1-0.5 mM). Cs+ (2 mM) blocked the hyperpolarization-activated inward rectification without affecting the expression of the SOR and RD. 4. The SOR was not affected by @entity973 (6 mM). However, the rebound amplitude was significantly enhanced, indicating that the activation of a transient outward current interacts with the expression of the rebound. 5. @entity19191 (100 nM) and apamin (50 nM), toxins known to block some @entity460 -dependent @entity972 conductances, did not affect the expression of the SOR and RD. 6. The SOR and RD were significantly reduced by @entity3280 (0.5 mM) but not by @entity3411 (0.25 mM). 7. @entity11039 (10 microM) did not affect the SOR or the RD. 8. These results indicate that the SOR and RD depend upon a depolarization-activated, sustained outward @entity972 current, which might be @entity460 dependent. A current with these characteristics has never been described before in the magnocellular system. Voltage-clamp experiments are needed to completely characterize this @entity972 conductance selectively expressed by @entity398 neurones.

title: Sustained outward rectification of oxytocinergic neurones in the XXXX supraoptic nucleus: ionic dependence and pharmacology.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity19191 :: ('MESH:C064719', 'Chemical') :: ['Iberiotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity11039 :: ('MESH:D009116', 'Chemical') :: ['Muscarine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Growth during childhood is a consequence of the equilibrium of energy balance. Obesity results from a shift of the equilibrium towards increased energy intake over expenditure. A clinical description of extreme @entity177 to thrive secondary to a shift of the equilibrium towards @entity101 over energy intake has not been previously described in the medical literature. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We report the case of a female @entity1 born premature with a birth weight of 1.1 kg who presented with extreme @entity11360 , persistent hypoglycaemia, @entity8404 of fat in the adipose tissue with increased brown fat and increased resting energy expenditure. RESULTS: Complete cessation of weight and height was noted between 3 months to 3.5 years of age. Hypoglycaemia was secondary to depleted energy stores and @entity1720 . Increased resting energy expenditure was demonstrated on indirect calorimetric assessment. Biopsy of adipose tissue demonstrated @entity8404 of stored fat with increase in brown fat. No gain in weight and height was demonstrated despite high calorie intake of enteral and parenteral feeds. CONCLUSION: We describe a unique case of extreme @entity11360 with @entity101 and severe hypoglycaemia. Unravelling the molecular basis of this novel disorder has the potential to provide insights into the prevention of @entity28 .

title: Severe resistance to weight gain, lack of stored triglycerides in adipose tissue, hypoglycaemia, and XXXX : a novel disorder of energy homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased energy expenditure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity11360 :: ('MESH:D005183', 'Disease') :: ['failure to thrive']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['leanness and failure']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin sensitivity']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['increased energy expenditure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the gain of chromosome 8 and @entity517 gene and @entity5523 gene status in @entity263 of Chinese @entity1 , and to analyze the relationship between chromosome 8 alterations and Gleason score of @entity263 . METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostatic biopsy tissues from 34 Chinese @entity1 with untreated @entity263 were studied by three-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using ProVysion(TM) probe kit. The materials included 1 case with Gleason score 5, 10 cases with Gleason score 6, 14 cases with Gleason score 7, 4 cases with Gleason score 8 and 5 cases with Gleason score 9. The relationship between Gleason score and chromosome 8 aneusomy, @entity517 and @entity5523 gene copy number, including gene amplification or deletion, were analyzed. RESULTS: Seventeen (50%) of the 34 cases studied had gain of chromosome 8, while 21 cases (61.8%) had gain of @entity517 gene copy number, 15 cases (44.1%) had @entity5523 gene monosomy, 23 cases (67.6%) had @entity517 gene amplification, 21 cases (61.8%) had deletion of @entity5523 gene and 16 cases (47.1%) had @entity5523 gene deletion coupled with @entity517 gene amplification. In general, at least one type of chromosome 8 alteration was identified in 85.3% of cases (29/34). Gain of chromosome 8 was strong significant associated with Gleason score (P = 0.0006). A positive correlation between increased @entity517 copy number and high Gleason score was also noted (P = 0.0035). On the other hand, loss of @entity5523 gene was negatively correlated with high Gleason score (P = 0.0383). In addition, the association of @entity517 gene amplification with high Gleason score was noted after age adjustment (P = 0.0462). CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in chromosome 8 are common in @entity263 occurring in Chinese @entity1 . There is a correlation between Gleason score and gain of chromosome 8, increased @entity517 gene copy number, @entity517 gene amplification and @entity5523 gene deletion. @entity517 gene amplification accompanied by @entity5523 gene deletion is also a common occurrence in @entity263 . Our data suggest that chromosome 8 alterations may play some roles in the development and progression of @entity263 .

title: [Relationship between chromosome 8 alterations and Gleason score in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5523 :: ('4023', 'Gene') :: ['lipoprotein lipase']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: 143 older than 18 years @entity302 @entity1 have been considered under the concers of their driving licence. The 33,5% of them was already in hold it. @entity302 was under different clinical forms. The majority of the subjects would suffer from generalized primary suizures, otherwise from partial fits, either elementar or complex. Subjects who already had the licence (37 over 75 @entity1 and 15 over 68 @entity1 ) were presenting most scanty crisis, or since one year had non suffered from any at all. The frequency of crisis was very low for all the @entity1 who had presented @entity302 before beingin permitted to drive; no question had been raised for them. Subjects without licence (25 @entity1 over 42 and 18 @entity1 over 53) had not been permitted to drive because of their illness. This group was mainly composed by @entity1 either suffering from epilectic cerebropaty from very frequent fits, or from both. It is maintained as reasonable that italian laws conform to those within other E.E.C. countries for what concerns driving licence for @entity302 ; these @entity1 , whether controlled, are assumed as well capable as accountable in mastering their condition, even when driving.

title: [ XXXX and the driver's license].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'epileptics', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity401 ( @entity401 ) frequently complicates @entity2597 ( @entity2597 ). Glucocorticoids and immunomodulatory agents are regarded as mainstays of therapy for CTD-related @entity401 ; however, apart from those studies that have evaluated certain medications for @entity1 with @entity2631 , few studies have been performed. In this study, our objectives were to examine the safety and tolerability of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and to determine its impact on lung function in @entity1 with @entity401 . METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed @entity1 at our center who ever received @entity2098 for @entity401 . We examined the frequency and severity of side effects associated with @entity2098 and used longitudinal data analytic methods to determine the ability of @entity2098 to maintain lung function over time. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were treated with @entity2098 over 35.9 @entity1 -years. The most common underlying CTD diagnosis was @entity2631 (n = 9). The most common reason for initiating @entity2098 was an adverse effect of a prior immunomodulatory agent. Six @entity1 had clinically significant side effects related to @entity2098 ; all resolved with dose reduction. Compared to before @entity2098 , the mean daily @entity229 dose while @entity1 were receiving @entity2098 was lower (10 mg/d vs 15 mg/d, p = 0.09). In addition, since starting @entity2098 , the average percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), average percentage of predicted total lung capacity, and average percentage of predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for @entity1223 for the cohort increased by 2.3%, 4.0%, and 2.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity2098 appears to be safe and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity401 . Larger-scale studies are needed to further evaluate the efficacy of @entity2098 in this @entity1 population.

title: @entity618 is safe, well tolerated, and preserves lung function in @entity1 with connective tissue disease-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue diseases', 'CTDs']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'CTD-ILD', 'Interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']


abstract: A population of 199 @entity1 from Rochester, MN, was followed from the time of their first carotid or vertebral-basilar @entity63 ( @entity63 ). @entity1 treated with anticoagulants had no significant difference in survival from untreated @entity1 . Among @entity1 with carotid @entity63 who received anticoagulants, the net probability of @entity64 was slightly but not significantly lower than in untreated @entity1 . The difference favoring treated @entity1 with @entity63 was significant starting at three months. The rate of @entity932 was higher higher among all patients receiving anticoagulant treatment than among untreated @entity1 and was significantly higher among those 55 to 74 years old. Almost all the @entity548 occurred after a year or more of anticoagulant treatment and in @entity1 more than 65 years old. @entity1 with high diastolic blood pressure had a significantly higher net probability of @entity64 than did @entity1 with lower blood pressure and those receiving antihypertensive drugs. By implication, treatment of @entity101 was effective in preventing @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity63 . Linear discriminant analysis and actuarial analysis indicated that diastolic blood pressure and anticoagulant therapy were the only factors that influenced @entity64 occurrence. There was no suggestion that previous @entity583 , @entity951 , @entity340 , @entity943 , or @entity712 --individually or in combination--influenced the occurrence of @entity64 or survival.

title: Carotid and vertebral-basilar transient @entity63 attacks: effect of anticoagulants, @entity101 , and cardiac disorders on survival and XXXX occurrence--a population study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'vertebral-basilar TIA', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate mortality of ICU @entity1 over a 3-month period after an initial episode of @entity326 and to identify factors associated with mortality. DESIGN: Prospective multicenter observational cohort study. SETTING: Fourteen ICUs from 10 French nonacademic and university teaching hospitals. @entity1 : All consecutive adult @entity1 with @entity326 admitted between October 2009 and September 2011 were eligible. INTERVENTION: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Multivariable analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazard model and a flexible extension of the Cox model. In total, 1,495 of 10,941 @entity1 (13.7%) had @entity326 and 1,488 @entity1 (99.5%) were included. Median age was 68 years (range, 58-78 yr). The majority of admissions (84%) were medical. Median (interquartile range) Simplified Acute Physiological Score II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment were, respectively, 56 (45-70) and 11 (9-14). ICU and hospital mortality were, respectively, 39.4% and 48.6%. At 3 months, 776 @entity1 (52.2%) had died. Factors significantly associated with increased risk of @entity204 in the multivariable Cox model were older age, male sex, comorbidities ( @entity3230 , @entity82 ), Knaus C/D score, and high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Flexible analyses indicated that the impact of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was greatest early after @entity326 , while the onset of the effect of age, @entity580 , and @entity82 was later. CONCLUSIONS: This is the most recent large-scale epidemiological study to investigate medium-term mortality in nonselected @entity1 hospitalized in the ICU for @entity326 . Advances in early management have improved survival at the initial phase, but risk of @entity204 persists in the medium term. Flexible modeling techniques yield insights into the profile of the risk of @entity204 in the first 3 months.

title: Profile of the risk of XXXX after @entity326 in the present era: an epidemiologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug-induced @entity1162 (diLQTS) is an adverse drug effect that has an important impact on drug use, development, and regulation. We tested the hypothesis that common variants in key genes controlling cardiac electric properties modify the risk of diLQTS. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a case-control setting, we included 176 @entity1 of European descent from North America and Europe with diLQTS, defined as documented @entity1166 during treatment with a QT-prolonging drug. Control samples were obtained from 207 @entity1 of European ancestry who displayed <50 ms QT lengthening during initiation of therapy with a QT-prolonging drug and 837 control subjects from the population-based KORA study. Subjects were successfully genotyped at 1424 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18 candidate genes including 1386 SNPs tagging common haplotype blocks and 38 nonsynonymous ion channel gene SNPs. For validation, we used a set of cases (n=57) and population-based control subjects of European descent. The SNP @entity15500 @entity37563 ( @entity37564 ), known to modulate an important @entity972 current in the heart, predicted diLQTS with an odds ratio of 9.0 (95% confidence interval, 3.5-22.9). The variant allele was present in 8.6% of cases, 2.9% of drug-exposed control subjects, and 1.8% of population control subjects. In the validation cohort, the variant allele was present in 3.5% of cases and in 1.4% of control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This high-density candidate SNP approach identified a key @entity972 channel susceptibility allele that may be associated with the rare adverse drug reaction @entity1166 .

title: A large candidate gene survey identifies the XXXX @entity37563 polymorphism as a possible modulator of drug-induced @entity1166 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsades de pointes']

entities_list: @entity37563 :: ('p|SUB|D|85|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D85N']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long-QT syndrome']

answer: @entity15500 :: (3753,Gene) :: ['KCNE1']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the effectiveness of oils and vapours of lemon (Citrus limon), @entity7588 ( @entity7588 ) and bergamot (Citrus bergamia) and their components against a number of common foodborne pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS: The disc diffusion method was used to screen the oils and vapours against @entity5125 , @entity794 , @entity5259 , @entity526 O157 and @entity5363 . The survival of each species, demonstrated to be susceptible in the in vitro studies, was tested on cabbage leaf for 60 s by direct contact and on @entity1573 skin for 10 min by direct contact and 24 h by vapour. The results indicate that bergamot was the most inhibitory essential oil (EO) and @entity22529 and @entity22527 mimicked its effect (P > 0.001). Citral and @entity22527 vapours produced 6 log reductions in @entity5125 , Staph. aureus and @entity5259 populations on cabbage leaf after 8-10 h exposure but bergamot vapour exposure, while producing a similar reduction in @entity5125 and @entity5259 populations, had no effect on Staph. aureus. CONCLUSIONS: Bergamot was the most effective of the oils tested and @entity22527 the most effective anti-bacterial component. Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible than Gram-negative bacteria in vitro, although Camp. @entity5363 and @entity526 O157 were inhibited by bergamot and @entity22527 oils and by @entity22527 vapour. All bacteria tested were less susceptible in food systems than in vitro. Of the Gram-positive bacteria tested Staph. aureus was the least susceptible to both the oils and the components tested. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Results suggest the possibility that citrus EOs, particularly bergamot, could be used as a way of combating the growth of common causes of @entity6766 .

title: The effect of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components on the survival of @entity5363 , @entity526 O157, @entity5125 , XXXX and @entity794 in vitro and in food systems.

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food poisoning']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity7588 :: ('2711', 'Species') :: ['sweet orange', 'Citrus sinensis']

entities_list: @entity5259 :: ('1396', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus cereus', 'B. cereus']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'jejuni']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity5259 :: (1396,Species) :: ['Bacillus cereus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The causes of the underutilization of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS) for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) are not fully known, but may in part, relate to individual @entity1 factors including @entity15857 . Our objective was to identify the determinants of @entity15857 ( @entity15857 ) in @entity309 @entity1 and predictors of their willingness to take a proposed DMARD (DMARD willingness). METHODS: A cross-sectional mail survey of @entity309 @entity1 in a community rheumatology practice. @entity1 were presented a hypothetical decision scenario where they were asked to consider switching DMARDs. They evaluated how risky the proposed medication was and how likely they would be to take it. RESULTS: The completed sample included 1009 @entity309 @entity1 . The overall survey response rate was 71%. @entity1 CHARACTERISTICS: age 61.6 years (range 18-93), 75% female, minority 6.5%, low or marginal health literacy 8.8%, @entity308 15.0%, duration @entity309 13.1 years (range 0.5 - 68). @entity2357 models demonstrated that health literacy, independent of low educational achievement or other demographic (including race), was a common predictor of both @entity15857 and DMARD willingness. There was partial mediation of the effects of @entity1733 on DMARD willingness through @entity15857 . @entity308 and happiness had no significant effect on @entity15857 or DMARD willingness. @entity15857 was influenced by negative @entity309 and treatment experience, while DMARD willingness was affected mainly by perceived disease control. CONCLUSIONS: Risk aversion may be the result of potentially recognizable and correctable @entity73 . Heightened clinician awareness, formal screening for low health literacy or @entity73 in high-risk populations, may identify @entity1 could benefit from additional decision support.

title: Influence of XXXX characteristics on perceived risks and willingness to take a proposed anti-rheumatic drug.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive defect']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Regression']

entities_list: @entity15857 :: ('MESH:C535473', 'Disease') :: ['risk perception', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA disease', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity37971 is a locus on @entity35 chromosome 4 that regulates severity and @entity16 in collagen- and @entity16307 -induced @entity625 (CIA and PIA). This study was undertaken to refine the @entity37971 gene-containing interval toward gene identification and obtain insights into its mode of action. METHODS: Five DA.F344( @entity37971 ) subcongenic @entity35 strains were generated and studied using the PIA and CIA models. Levels of antibodies against @entity1413 (both allo- and autoantibodies) were measured. Joints and synovial tissue were collected 32 days after the induction of PIA (chronic stage) for histologic and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels. RESULTS: Three subcongenic strains sharing the centromeric Cia3d interval were protected and 2 subcongenic strains sharing the telomeric Cia3g interval, which did not overlap with Cia3d, were also protected, developing significantly less severe CIA and PIA. Normal joint architecture was preserved in DA.F344( @entity37971 ) and DA.F344(Cia3d) congenic @entity35 with PIA, while DA @entity35 had pronounced @entity1373 , angiogenesis, @entity32 , and @entity79 . The DA.F344(Cia3d) and DA.F344(Cia3g) strains had significantly lower synovial levels of @entity3426 (5-fold and nearly 2-fold, respectively [the latter not reaching statistical significance]), @entity17533 (expressed predominantly in DA @entity35 ), @entity16309 (79-fold and 8-fold, respectively), and @entity11016 (21-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively) and reduced levels of pathogenic autoantibodies against @entity1413 , compared with DA @entity35 . CONCLUSION: We have identified 2 new @entity625 severity and @entity16 loci within @entity37971 . These loci regulate pathogenic processes in 2 different models of @entity309 , and the identification of these genes has the potential to generate new targets for therapies aimed at reducing disease severity and @entity16 , and may additionally have prognostic value.

title: Identification of two new @entity625 severity loci that regulate levels of autoantibodies, @entity3426 , and XXXX in @entity16307 - and collagen-induced @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory infiltration']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['articular damage', 'joint damage']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone or cartilage erosions']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['type II collagen']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['joint damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methodologies are used to detect @entity3210 : monoclonal and polyclonal. We sought to compare these assays in @entity1 with @entity1577 and to correlate these with the coefficient of fat absorption ( @entity3795 ). STUDY DESIGN: As part of a larger study, subjects had stool elastase measured by both methods while taking exogenous enzymes. Subjects subsequently stopped enzymes and had a fecal fat balance study performed; the @entity3795 was then calculated. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-four subjects participated in this substudy. The median values for the monoclonal and polyclonal assays were 0.3 and 22.75 microg/g, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the 2 tests was 0.86 (P < 0.0001). The correlation coefficients between @entity3795 and the monoclonal and polyclonal assays were 0.24 (P = 0.006) and 0.10 (P = 0.27), respectively. If the criterion standard definition of @entity3210 was set at a @entity3795 < 90% and the test definition of @entity3210 was set at <100 microg/g, then the monoclonal and polyclonal assay positive predictive values were 97.6% (120 of 123) and 97.4% (111 of 114), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The positive predictive value of both monoclonal and polyclonal fecal elastase in @entity1 with @entity1577 is extremely good; however, correlation of either test with @entity3795 was poor. The median value for the polyclonal elastase assay is higher than for the monoclonal assay, which could potentially lead to lower sensitivity of the polyclonal assay at lower cutpoints for the monoclonal assay is used.

title: Comparison of monoclonal and polyclonal ELISAs for fecal elastase in @entity1 with XXXX and @entity3210 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: This study reports the development of a new open external vascular stent: the lock stent device (LSD). It enables a novel end-to-end sleeve anastomotic technique, named locked @entity254 (LA). The LA technique consists of inserting a graft sleeve within an artery, secured in place by an internal stent and an external LSD. The internal stent, graft, vessel wall, and LSD are fastened together with single sutures. The LSD placement does not require a complete transection of the vessel wall as it can be enlarged and then relaxed to clasp the vessel neck. The tensile strength of the LA technique was accurately measured ex vivo and its stability successfully tested in vivo by acute pressure peak tests and mid-term survival studies. Ex vivo, the ratio between the tensile strength of the LA technique with two, three, and six stitches and that of hand-sewn anastomoses was 0.41 +/- 0.02, 0.59 +/- 0.17, and 1.03 +/- 0.04. In vivo, LA anastomoses tolerated marked @entity101 (peak systolic pressure 195-230 mm Hg) for periods of 15-25 min without leakage. Five @entity1707 survived 10 weeks with abdominal aorto-aortic bypass performed according to the LA technique with three stitches. Aortograms showed no narrowing or @entity715 , and histological findings confirm uniform flattening of the aortic wall at the @entity254 , with proliferating @entity8233 media. Minimal changes were observed in the adventitia.

title: Experimental study of a new vascular anastomotic technique in a XXXX model: short and mid-term results.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima and uniformly hypotrophic']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intranasal glucocorticoids represent the most effective pharmacologic treatment of @entity2023 . So far, no clinical data are available that compare @entity14680 (FF) with other intranasally applied glucocorticoids. OBJECTIVE: Because the pharmacokinetic behaviour of drugs governs their presence at the therapeutic target site we analysed selected in vitro properties of FF in comparison with @entity2995 ( @entity2974 ), @entity4184 (Bud), @entity5023 (FP) and @entity10438 (MF). Additionally, we determined the anti-inflammatory activity of the glucocorticoid fraction residing in @entity1 nasal tissue samples after washing. METHODS: We analysed the solubility of the compounds in artificial @entity1 nasal fluid and the retention in @entity1 nasal tissue as well as typical spray volumes of commercially available drug preparations. As an anti-inflammatory measure, we evaluated the inhibition of @entity687 release from epithelial cells. RESULTS: FF is delivered in the smallest application volume per spray. Despite the low aqueous solubility of glucocorticoids, a fraction of the compounds is already dissolved in the aqueous supernatants of drug preparations (Bud> @entity2974 >FP>MF>FF). The dissolution of FP, MF and FF was significantly enhanced in artificial nasal fluid and FF displayed the most pronounced enhancement of solubility in the presence of proteins. Consistent with this result, the highest retention in nasal tissue was observed for FF, followed by FP>MF>Bud> @entity2974 . After washing of the nasal tissue samples, all compounds inhibited @entity687 release, with FF displaying the highest activity. CONCLUSION: FF displayed beneficial properties for nasal application. Its low application volume per spray is a prerequisite for effective drug utilization by avoiding immediate loss by nose runoff or drip down the throat. Sustained dissolution and high tissue binding of FF should contribute towards an extended presence of compounds in nasal tissue as a basis for a prolonged pharmacologic activity.

title: Dissolution in nasal fluid, retention and anti-inflammatory activity of @entity14680 in XXXX nasal tissue ex vivo.

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity14680 :: ('MESH:C523187', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone furoate']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone furoate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A single-subject, time-series design was used to describe a female with young-onset @entity191 who, after a period of 15 years, was demonstrating long term side effects of medication in addition to the progression of @entity191 . She underwent a bilateral pallidotomy to address these problems. Prior to her surgery, her spatiotemporal gait kinematics were measured at intervals before and after medication ingestion. The identical procedures were undertaken one month and at four months post-pallidotomy. In all three sessions, the Webster Scale scored her symptoms while her medication was not working (Off) and again when effective (On). After surgery, she was interviewed to obtain a qualitative impression of the outcome. Before the surgery, the gait parameters demonstrated a fluctuating profile. Forty-five minutes post-medication, her gait parameters approached normal levels but significant @entity910 were evident. Her Webster Scale scores indicated advanced @entity191 particularly when Off One-month post-pallidotomy, her gait parameters were more consistent with @entity910 mildly present. Her Webster Scale scores were reduced while both Off and On. Four months post-pallidotomy her gait parameters were entirely consistent and within normal limits. Her Webster Scale scores were the same Off and On and no @entity910 were detectable. The excellent result was probably enhanced by the @entity1 's dedication to regular exercise designed to minimize secondary physical complications.

title: Changes in gait and symptoms after bilateral pallidotomy: a client with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias', 'dyskinetic movements']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Recently studies have demonstrated that cell components called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are secreted from cells in response to @entity32 and @entity130 . While DAMPs are maintained within the cell under normal conditions, they are secreted in response to @entity32 . DAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) and @entity4283 ( @entity4283 ). DAMPs also induce the phosphorylation of various intracellular proteins and activate NF-kappaB signaling. This induces an inflammatory response via cytokine production and activation of macrophages and dendritic cells. In essence, DAMPs alert the immune system to danger. Some DAMPs are considered therapeutic targets for @entity32 (e.g., @entity295 ). Indeed, anti- @entity518 and anti-histone antibodies attenuated the inflammatory response and @entity130 in a systemic @entity32 model. Anti- @entity4283 antibodies were also shown to have beneficial effects in an animal @entity32 model. These findings suggest that DAMPs may serve as novel therapeutic targets against severe systemic @entity32 as well. We anticipate that in the near future, anti-DAMP therapy may become more widespread in the clinical setting.

title: [Relationships between damage-associated molecular patterns and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'systemic or chronic inflammation', 'acute systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4283 :: ('177', 'Gene') :: ['receptor for advanced glycation end products', 'RAGE']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['organ injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: The role of laparoscopy in the management of large @entity703 (more than 7 cm) is not clearly established. We prospectively evaluated the feasibility, safety and long-term results of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for large @entity703 (T2N0M0) and compared the results with those of open radical nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1998 and 2006, 112 @entity1 with clinical stage T2N0M0 @entity703 underwent radical nephrectomy at our institution. Clinical data were prospectively collected after categorizing the @entity1 into group 1-41 with laparoscopy and group 2-71 with open surgery. The choice of procedure was nonrandomized and it depended on @entity1 and surgeon preference and experience. RESULTS: The 2 groups were contemporary and comparable in terms of age, body mass index and mean @entity5 size (9.9 and 10.1 cm, respectively). Concomitant adrenalectomy was performed in 14 @entity1 (34%) in group 1 and in 29 (41%) in group 2. Limited (hilar) lymphadenectomy was performed in 30 @entity1 (73%) in group 1 and in 58 (81%) in group 2. Group 1 @entity1 experienced significantly less @entity190 , and had a decreased analgesic requirement, shorter hospital stay and more rapid convalescence, although they required longer operative time (180.8 vs 165.3 minutes, p=0.029). The 2 groups were followed for a similar period (mean 51.4 vs 57.2 months) and there was no difference in 5-year survival data. There were no local or port site recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for clinical stage T2 @entity703 is effective with the advantages of less @entity190 , shorter hospital stay, decreased analgesic requirement and rapid recovery compared with open radical nephrectomy. Long-term results are also similar in the 2 groups of @entity1 . Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for large @entity5 is a technically difficult, challenging procedure and it should be attempted by surgeons with significant experience.

title: Laparoscopic versus open radical nephrectomy for large XXXX : a long-term prospective comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: We immunohistochemically examined specimens of 215 surgically resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) for @entity13525 protein ( @entity993 ) expression and the growth fraction determined by the Ki-67 @entity894 ( @entity894 ). The @entity1149 analyzed showed considerable heterogeneity in both @entity993 and Ki-67 LIs; 25 of 207 (13%) lacked @entity993 expression ( @entity993 @entity894 < 5%), and 116 of 215 (54%) showed a high Ki-67 @entity894 (>30%). The @entity993 @entity894 was not significantly associated with the Ki-67 @entity894 . A chi2 test showed that loss of @entity993 expression was inversely correlated with smoking (P = 0.01) and that a high Ki-67 @entity894 was significantly associated with male gender, @entity957 histology, and smoking (P < 0.0001 each). Prognostic values of @entity993 and Ki-67 expression were evaluated in 109 @entity5 of postsurgical pathological stages I and II. @entity1 with @entity5 lacking @entity993 expression survived for a significantly shorter time than @entity1 with @entity5 expressing @entity993 (5-year survival rates, 38% and 68%, respectively; P = 0.02). @entity1 with @entity5 having a high Ki-67 @entity894 survived for a significantly shorter time than @entity1 with @entity5 having a low Ki-67 @entity894 (5-year survival rates, 48% and 78%, respectively; P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that loss of @entity993 expression tended to be an unfavorable prognostic factor (P = 0.054), whereas a high Ki-67 @entity894 was a significant and independent unfavorable prognostic factor (P = 0.004). When analyzed by cell types, loss of @entity993 expression was a significant and independent unfavorable prognostic factor in @entity957 (P = 0.01), whereas a high Ki-67 @entity894 was a significant and independent unfavorable prognostic factor in @entity1358 (P = 0.007). We further evaluated the importance of @entity993 expression in clinical outcome in combination with the Ki-67 @entity894 and ras @entity3544 protein (ras) expression, which we previously reported as an important prognostic factor in @entity1149 . @entity1 with @entity5 lacking @entity993 expression and having a high Ki-67 @entity894 survived for a significantly shorter time than those with @entity5 expressing @entity993 and having a high Ki-67 @entity894 (5-year survival rates, 17% and 52%, respectively; P = 0.003). @entity1 with @entity993 -negative and ras-positive @entity5 survived for a significantly shorter time than those with both @entity993 - and ras-positive @entity5 (5-year survival rates, 0% and 38%, respectively; P < 0.0001). These results indicate the pivotal roles of @entity993 and Ki-67 expression in the clinical outcome of @entity1149 .

title: Prognostic significance of @entity13525 protein and ki-67 growth fraction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers', 'NSCLCs']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['nonsquamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancers']


abstract: Interaction of cells with the basement membrane is important for cell proliferation and differentiation. Disruption of the basement membrane is an early event during progression of @entity5 to @entity5 . Using the techniques of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, we show that cell-matrix interactions via the cell surface integrin receptors alpha 3 beta 1, alpha 5 beta 1, alpha 6 beta 4, the Mr 67,000 laminin receptor ( @entity41221 ) laminin-binding protein, and the secreted matrix protein laminin are strictly regulated during differentiation of @entity19 epidermis. While alpha 6 beta 4 and alpha 5 beta 1 are polarized to the basal surface of basal cells in contact with the basement membrane, alpha 3 beta 1 and the non-integrin @entity41221 are primarily detected in the cell periphery of suprabasal cells, where cell to cell contacts are found. Sequential changes in expression of matrix receptors occur following multistage @entity105 of @entity19 skin. In an analysis of benign and malignant @entity1489 induced by chemical carcinogens or oncogene transduction, we found that alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 as well as the non-integrin @entity41221 are sequentially down-regulated in the progression from benign to malignant, while alpha 6 beta 4 is the predominant receptor expressed in the @entity189 . Tumor expression of alpha 6 beta 4 is not polarized and is dissociated from its colocalized normal partner bullous pemphigoid antigen, which remains restricted to the basement membrane. The changes in matrix receptors are linked to appearance of @entity18821 in suprabasal regions, but always in alpha 6 beta 4 negative cells. The predominance of alpha 6 beta 4 in the proliferating cells during progression is associated with decreased expression of @entity18821 in @entity189 . These results suggest that matrix interactions with its receptors are important determinants of ordered differentiation in normal skin and show characteristic alterations during @entity105 that parallel changes in differentiation of the @entity5 .

title: Extracellular matrix receptors and XXXX @entity105 : altered expression linked to appearance of early markers of @entity5 progression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The transfer effects of scanning training of right-brain-damaged @entity64 @entity1 with @entity227 have been studied. Five @entity1 were treated according to a B-C-B-D design. The first B phase lasted for 2, 4, or 6 weeks, whereas the other intervention phases had a fixed duration of 2 weeks. During all phases physical therapy was given. Additionally, occupational therapy was applied during the B phases, training on a scanning apparatus during the C phase, and training on reading tasks during the D phase. At least three times in each intervention phase, performance was measured using a computerized visual scanning test, a line bisection test, and a letter cancellation test. In addition, wheelchair navigation was assessed. For four out of the five @entity1 a significant positive effect of visual scanning training on visual scanning behaviour was found. This effect, however, appeared to be restricted to the task which was specifically trained. Over the group as a whole no evidence could be found for any transfer of visual scanning training effects to the domain of gross motor skills.

title: The transfer of scanning training effects in XXXX after @entity64 : five single-case studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual inattention']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual inattention']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9407 is a @entity154 with low incidence but considerable morbidities. Reconstruction of the @entity85 is a complex and difficult process that requires a proper planning. The primary technique of reconstruction employs @entity1 's own rib cartilage. Irradiated homograft cartilages previously have been used in facial reconstruction but its application in @entity9407 surgery has not been reported yet. This study is designed to compare the results of autograft versus homograft auriculoplasty. METHODS: Between 1992 - 2002, 23 @entity1 underwent auricular reconstructive surgery by the senior author in our department. Autograft implantation was performed in one stage but homograft auriculoplasty was done in two stages. RESULTS: @entity85 was right-sided in 13, left-sided in 8, and bilateral in 2 cases. Implanted graft was autograft in 9 @entity1 and homograft in 14 @entity1 . During mean follow-up of 4 years, cartilage graft resorption was detected in two cases, one in autograft and one in homograft group (P > 0.05). No @entity86 was observed. Status of postauricular sulcus was optimal in 85.7% of homograft and 77.8% of autograft groups (P > 0.05). The satisfaction score of the @entity1 and/or parents was excellent in 66.7% of autograft and 92.9% of homograft groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Based on better satisfaction score, equivalent aesthetic appearance, and absence of complications such as scaring and @entity158 on the chest wall, homograft auriculoplasty is an appropriate option for reconstructive surgery in @entity1 with @entity9407 .

title: Comparison of XXXX reconstructive surgery with autograft versus homograft.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormality']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity9407 :: ('MESH:D065817', 'Disease') :: ['Microtia', 'microtia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['microtia deformity', 'Auricular deformity']

answer: @entity9407 :: (MESH:D065817,Disease) :: ['microtia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventilator-associated @entity55 is the most frequently observed @entity580 in intensive care units, and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early microbiological diagnosis and the initial administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy are associated with decreased mortality and potentially reduced costs. Our study evaluates the clinical and financial impact of performing rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests directly on samples obtained from the lower respiratory tract. METHODS: A prospective, randomized study was performed over a 2-year period. @entity1 who had a lower respiratory tract @entity281 that was acquired during mechanical ventilation and for whom samples obtained from the respiratory tract were sent for culture were randomized to 1 of 2 groups. Samples were cultured for the control group, and results were reported using standard procedures. Samples were also cultured for the test subject group using standard procedures, but in addition, a rapid antibiogram was immediately performed by placing E-test antibiotic strips (AB Biodisk) directly on respiratory tract samples. @entity1 in the E-test group received a preliminary laboratory report when it became available. The 2 @entity1 groups were compared according to the following variables: type and severity of underlying conditions, total days of antimicrobial use, number of defined daily doses, cost of acquisition of the antimicrobial agent per episode, days of @entity221 , days receiving mechanical ventilation, days in the intensive care unit, incidence of @entity2718 -associated @entity294 , and mortality. RESULTS: Reporting a rapid E-test was associated with fewer days of @entity221 , fewer days of antibiotic administration until resolution of the episode of @entity2489 , decreased antibiotic consumption, less @entity2718 -associated @entity294 , lower costs of antimicrobial agents, and fewer days receiving mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: A rapid E-test of respiratory tract samples improves antimicrobial use in cases of @entity2489 .

title: Direct E-test (AB Biodisk) of respiratory samples improves antimicrobial use in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: AIMS: To determine whether the detection of high risk @entity1082 ) types is more predictive for high grade @entity8046 than the current cervical smear test, and whether the production and measurement of HPV @entity1799 ( @entity1799 ) and cellular survivin and telomerase transcripts can be used to discriminate between cervical @entity1083 that self cure and those that induce high grade lesions. METHODS: Three hundred and fifty four cervical smear samples from @entity1 attending the colposcopy clinic were tested by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of HPV. Transcripts for @entity1799 E6, E6*I, E6*II, E7, and L1 as well as cellular survivin, telomerase RNA component, and telomerase reverse transcriptase were measured using fluorogenic probe (Taqman) assays. RESULTS: Referral smear grades of severe or moderate showed greater positive predictive values for @entity8046 2/3 than did the detection of high or moderate risk HPV types. @entity1799 transcripts from E6, E6*I, E6*II, and E7 showed high predictive values for @entity8046 2/3, but low sensitivity. The telomerase RNA component was detected in 53 of 57 samples and telomerase reverse transcriptase was only detected in one sample, whereas survivin transcripts were detected in 40% of samples. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of @entity1799 or cellular survivin or telomerase transcripts did not accurately predict the grade of @entity8046 in the samples. The detection of HPV risk types correlated well with the grade of @entity8046 ; however, the referral grade smear was the most accurate predictor of the severity of the lesion. Of the 35 different HPV types detected, 18 are not included in the HPV hybrid capture II commercial test kit. The use of such kits would have missed @entity1083 in 4.3% of clinic @entity1 with @entity8046 2/3 lesions and 15.4% with @entity8046 0/1.

title: HPV detection and measurement of @entity1799 , telomerase, and survivin transcripts in colposcopy clinic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infections', 'HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Water quality can deteriorate in the transmission and distribution system beyond the treatment plant. Minimizing the potential for biological regrowth can be attained by chlorinating the finished water. While flowing through pipes, the @entity3878 concentration decreases for different reasons. Reaction with the pipe material itself and the reaction with both the biofilm and tubercles formed on the pipe wall are known as pipe wall demand, which may vary with pipe parameters. The aim of this paper was to assess the impact of the service age of pipes on the effective @entity3878 wall decay constant. Three hundred and two pipe sections of different sizes and eight different pipe materials were collected and tested for their @entity3878 first-order wall decay constants. The results showed that pipe service age was an important factor that must not be ignored in some pipes such as cast @entity68 , steel, cement-lined ductile @entity68 (CLDI), and cement-lined cast @entity68 (CLCI) pipes especially when the bulk decay is not significant relative to the wall decay. For the range of the 55 years of pipe service age used in this study, effective wall decay constants ranged from a decrease by -92% to an increase by +431% from the corresponding values in the recently installed pipes. The effect of service age on the effective wall decay constants was most evident in cast @entity68 pipes, whereas steel pipes were less affected. Effective @entity3878 wall decay for @entity1284 was less affected by service age as compared to steel and cast @entity68 pipes. @entity3878 wall decay constants for @entity2634 , uPVC, and @entity691 pipes were affected negatively by pipe service age and such effect was relatively small.

title: XXXX decay in drinking-water transmission and distribution systems: pipe service age effect.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine', 'Chlorine']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['CLCI and CLDI pipes']

answer: @entity3878 :: (MESH:D002713,Chemical) :: ['Chlorine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We explored the efficacy of the Oxford classification for assessing native immunoglobulin A @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) in posttransplantation @entity1 compared with the @entity8 score and Haas classification. METHODS: A total of 125 renal allograft biopsies obtained from 114 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6994 regardless of original disease were assessed. RESULTS: The average time to biopsy was 70.5  45.3 months after transplantation. Glomeruli showed normal histology in 18.4%. @entity7622 (M1), endocapillary hypercellularity (E1), @entity17145 (S1), and tubulointerstitial @entity82 ( @entity7279 ) were present in 12.8%, 6.4%, 45.6%, and 20.8% of the samples, respectively. There was a significant correlation between @entity8 score or Haas subclass. S1 and @entity7279 were correlated with elevated serum @entity1011 level, @entity644 , and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, and E1 was correlated with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate at the time of biopsy. The 10- and 15-year graft survival rates were 62.9% and 34.3%, respectively. The graft survival rate was significantly lower in the presence of S1 and @entity7279 . Endocapillary hypercellularity, @entity1347 , and tubulointerstitial @entity82 predicted graft survival and endocapillary hypercellularity and tubulointerstitial @entity82 also predicted serum @entity1011 doubling. CONCLUSIONS: The Oxford classification scheme is useful for evaluating chronic @entity813 in @entity1 with posttransplantation @entity6994 . In addition to tubulointerstitial @entity82 , the presence of endocapillary hypercellularity and @entity1347 should be included in the pathology report.

title: Usefulness of Oxford classification in assessing immunoglobulin A XXXX after transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'Oxford-MEST scores and glomerular injury', 'glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity17145 :: ('MESH:C538457', 'Disease') :: ['segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['Mesangial hypercellularity']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: @entity794 is an important @entity1 and veterinary pathogen that causes economic loss in the poultry industry. This study aimed to compare therapeutic efficacy of 4 commonly used antibiotics in poultry on @entity16330 -induced @entity625 in broilers. Sixty broilers, 8  weeks of age, were assigned at random into 7 groups as follows: (1) negative control (n  =  5); (2) vehicle control (n  =  5); (3) @entity4766 - @entity206 , 250  @entity36460 l drinking water (n  =  10); (4) @entity5385 20%, 1  mg/l drinking water (n  =  10); (5) @entity21562 10%, 1/1000  v/v in drinking water (n  =  10); (6) @entity14116 10%, 1/1000  v/v in drinking water (n  =  10) and (7) positive control (n  =  10). Birds in group 2 were injected with 1  ml of sterile TSB medium into the right tibiotarsal joint on d 0 while other birds (except group 1) were challenged with 1  ml of 1.2  *  10(10) CFU/ml suspension of S. aureus bacteria. Antibiotic therapy was started from d 4 post challenge and continued for 5 d. At the end, birds were weighed and clinical severity of @entity625 was determined. After blood collection, birds were slaughtered and tibiotarsal and hip joints were evaluated grossly. The content of inflammatory exudates of tibiotarsal joint and the degree of @entity2738 were recorded. Mucin clot test and histopathological evaluation were performed on right tibiotarsal joint. Serum interleukin 6 was also assayed. @entity4766 - @entity206 had higher therapeutic efficiency with regard to most of the assayed criteria, whereas none of the antibiotics significantly affected @entity2738 and body weight. These data will help clinicians to have better antibiotic choice in field conditions.

title: Comparative evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of @entity4766 - @entity206 , @entity5385 , @entity14116 and @entity21562 on XXXX -induced @entity625 in broilers.

entities_list: @entity4766 :: ('MESH:D013411', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadiazine', 'Sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity14116 :: ('MESH:C052904', 'Chemical') :: ['enrofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity21562 :: ('MESH:C035534', 'Chemical') :: ['florfenicol']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head necrosis']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Lotus plumule is widely used as traditional Chinese medicine. Among the active components in lotus plumule, polysaccharides exhibit promising potential for its potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of purified polysaccharides from lotus plumule remains unknown. To evaluate their anti-inflammatory potential and possible mechanisms of purified polysaccharides in lotus plumule, two active lotus plumule polysaccharides, fractions F1 and F2, were subjected to assay their anti-inflammatory potential and possible mechanisms using @entity19 primary splenocytes in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two purified active lotus plumule polysaccharides, F1 and F2, were cultured independently with @entity19 primary splenocytes in the absence or presence of LPS under four different experiment models in vitro. Changes in pro-inflammatory @entity635 , @entity777 and @entity637 , as well as anti-inflammatory @entity1618 cytokines secreted by the treated splenocytes were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The amount of @entity8932 and @entity1990 mRNA expression levels in the cells were quantitated using a two-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. RESULTS: The results showed that F1 and F2 treatments alone, particularly F2, significantly (P<0.05) decreased pro-/anti-inflammatory ( @entity635 / @entity1618 and @entity637 / @entity1618 ) cytokine secretion ratios dose-dependently. F1 and F2 treatments in the presence of LPS significantly decreased @entity8932 and/or @entity1990 mRNA expression levels in the splenocytes under inflammatory and repair experiment models. CONCLUSIONS: The present study proved that F1 and F2 had strong anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting @entity8932 and/or @entity1990 expressions in the splenocytes in normal, inflammatory and repair situations. Our results further suggest that F2, which is a glycoprotein with low molecular weight of 25.7 kDa, may serve as a promising lead for the development of selective TLR antagonistic agents for inflammatory diseases.

title: Purified active lotus plumule (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) polysaccharides exert anti-inflammatory activity through decreasing toll-like receptor-2 and -4 expressions using XXXX primary splenocytes.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of minimally invasive surgery in @entity2743 is still controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of @entity1 undergoing minimal-incision thyroidectomy with those undergoing conventional thyroidectomy for @entity2743 . METHODS: A prospective study was performed on 148 @entity1 undergoing total thyroidectomy. Seventy-one @entity1 underwent minimal-incision thyroidectomy and 77 underwent conventional thyroidectomy. Minimal-incision thyroidectomy was proposed if the thyroid volume was  <= 50 mL. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the operative time between minimal-incision thyroidectomy and conventional thyroidectomy. The length of skin incision was significantly shorter in the minimal-incision thyroidectomy than that in the conventional thyroidectomy group. The incidence of @entity260 was similar in the 2 groups. @entity1 undergoing minimal-incision thyroidectomy experienced significantly less @entity282 and were more satisfied with the cosmetic result than @entity1 who underwent conventional thyroidectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Minimal-incision thyroidectomy is a feasible and safe option for the surgical treatment of selected @entity1 with @entity2743 .

title: Feasibility and safety of minimal-incision thyroidectomy for XXXX : a prospective, single-center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 are more vulnerable to the effects of environmental elements. A variety of air pollutants are among the identified factors causing @entity16 at toxic concentrations. It is not obvious, however, to what extent the tolerated high levels of air pollutants are able to alter brain development. We have specifically investigated the @entity2359 effects of airborne @entity920 exposure in school environments. METHODS: Speed and consistency of motor response were assessed in 2836 @entity1 aged from 8 to 12  years. Anatomical MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and functional MRI were used to directly test the brain repercussions in a subgroup of 263 @entity1 . RESULTS: Higher @entity920 exposure was associated with poorer motor performance and altered structure of the basal ganglia. Specifically, the architecture of the caudate nucleus region was less complete in terms of both tissue composition and neural track water diffusion. Functional MRI consistently showed a reciprocal connectivity reduction between the caudate nucleus and the frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: The results establish an association between environmental @entity920 exposure in @entity1 and alterations of basal ganglia structure and function.

title: Airborne XXXX exposure in school environments associated with poorer motor performance and altered basal ganglia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neural damage']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity920 :: (MESH:D003300,Chemical) :: ['copper']


abstract: @entity1579 typically have long pre-clinical incubation periods during which time the infectious prion particle and @entity281 steadily propagate in the brain. Abnormal neuritic sprouting and synaptic deficits are apparent during pre-clinical disease, however, gross @entity528 is not detected until the onset of the clinical phase. The molecular events that accompany early @entity528 and ultimately conclude with @entity528 remain obscure. In this study, we used laser capture microdissection to isolate hippocampal @entity4778 neurons and determined their pre-clinical transcriptional response during infection. We found that gene expression within these neurons is dynamic and characterized by distinct phases of activity. We found that a major cluster of genes is altered during pre-clinical disease after which expression either returns to basal levels, or alternatively undergoes a direct reversal during clinical disease. Strikingly, we show that this cluster contains a signature highly reminiscent of synaptic @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor signaling and the activation of neuroprotective pathways. Additionally, genes involved in neuronal projection and dendrite development were also altered throughout the disease, culminating in a general decline of gene expression for synaptic proteins. Similarly, deregulated miRNAs such as miR-132-3p, @entity40379 , miR-16-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-3p and miR-140-5p follow concomitant patterns of expression. This is the first in depth genomic study describing the pre-clinical response of hippocampal neurons to early prion replication. Our findings suggest that prion replication results in the persistent stimulation of a programmed response that is mediated, at least in part, by synaptic @entity143 receptor activity that initially promotes cell survival and neurite remodelling. However, this response is terminated prior to the onset of clinical symptoms in the infected hippocampus, seemingly pointing to a critical juncture in the disease. Manipulation of these early neuroprotective pathways may redress the balance between degeneration and survival, providing a potential inroad for treatment.

title: Early mechanisms of pathobiology are revealed by transcriptional temporal dynamics in hippocampal XXXX neurons of prion infected mice.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['Prion diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infectivity']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'neuronal death', 'neuronal loss']

answer: @entity4778 :: (12346(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to develop a test model to quantify the penetration of bacteria into dentinal tubules. METHODOLOGY: The model consisted of two compartments separated by a @entity291 dentine specimen with a thickness of 1.5-3.1 mm. The root cementum was removed from the root surface and the specimens were oriented in the model with the pulpal side facing the inoculated chamber of the test model. One compartment contained the test organism and the other was filled with sterile broth that was evaluated for growth of the test organism. The depth of bacterial penetration was measured in the dentine with or without a smear layer using both a histological and a quantitative recovering grinding technique, after 6 weeks of exposure to the microorganisms. RESULTS: @entity797 penetrated dentine significantly deeper than A. israelii (P < 0.001). After removal of the smear layer with @entity1098 , @entity797 penetrated significantly deeper than in dentine pretreated with saline only (P < 0.01) or with a combination of saline and @entity8830 (P < 0.01). Microorganisms were found in 89% of the cultured specimens and in 80% of the specimens that were evaluated with light microscopy. Total penetration through the dentine specimen and infection of the broth in the test compartment of the model occurred in only two out of 72 specimens. CONCLUSION: Collection and immediate culturing of infected dentine dust and counting colony forming units (CFU) allowed an overview of the number of bacteria per sample and was more sensitive than microscopy. Removal of the smear layer enhanced bacterial penetration.

title: Penetration of bacteria in XXXX root dentine in vitro.

entities_list: @entity8830 :: ('MESH:D012973', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hypochlorite']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: @entity3556 ( @entity3556 ) is a common @entity13374 . The clinical characteristics include disordered menstrual cycle and massive @entity548 that can cause @entity417 or @entity325 . Current treatment mainly relies on drug therapy or surgical removal of the uterus, each having its significant disadvantages. How to preserve the uterus, reduce the @entity158 from surgery, and achieve better treatment effects have been well known but remaining as unresolved issues. This study aims at evaluating two types of radiofrequency (RF) thermocoagulation procedures for the treatment of @entity3556 : the RF-A procedure group included 25 @entity3556 @entity1 >= 45 years of age treated for @entity2588 ; the RF-B procedure group included 51 @entity1 at <45 years of age treated for the control of excessive @entity548 . Post-treatment ratings of menstrual satisfaction and pre-/post-treatment menstrual scores-pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC)-and hemoglobin levels were collected; and the mean length of follow-up was 72 months. Also, 38 @entity3556 @entity1 treated with standard drug regimens served as a control group. The results of the study showed that following RF treatment, the average long-term @entity1 menstrual satisfaction was greater than 92 %. In both the RF groups, PBAC scores and hemoglobin levels were significantly improved from baseline (p < .05). Compared with the control group, PBAC scores and hemoglobin levels were also significantly better for the RF groups at 6-24-month post-operation. @entity1 experienced no hysterectomy in association with the RF procedures. In conclusion, this pilot study suggests that the novel RF procedures are both safe and effective in treating @entity1 with @entity3556 . Further investigation is necessary to evaluate their application in broader clinical indication.

title: Curative effects of two new endometrial ablation procedures using radiofrequency thermocoagulation for the treatment of severe abnormal uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['SAUB', 'Severe Abnormal Uterine Bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['gynecological disorder']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['secondary infection']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The most consistently reported risk indicators for the @entity10552 and @entity2650 are @entity3465 and low birth weight. @entity5028 has been hypothesized as a possible underlying cause, and an association between placental weight at birth and @entity2650 has been indicated. In a population-based cohort of 388,422 Danish singleton @entity1 born alive (1997-2008), we studied the association between placental weight and @entity246 and @entity2650 . Missing data were handled with multiple imputation, and we estimated hazard ratios by means of Cox regression models. During follow-up, 1,713 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity2650 and 6,878 with @entity246 (3,624 underwent corrective surgery). We observed an association between low placental weight and risk of both @entity790 . @entity1 with a placental weight in the lowest decile (<10%) had higher risks of both @entity246 (hazard ratio = 1.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.31, 1.76) and @entity2650 (hazard ratio = 1.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.59, 2.45) than @entity1 in the reference decile (50.0-59.9%). In conclusion, we found higher risks of both @entity790 in @entity1 born with a low placental weight. The relationship seemed stronger for @entity2650 than for @entity246 . Taken together, our data support a role for @entity5028 in the etiology of these anomalies.

title: Placental Weight and XXXX : A Nationwide Danish Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['placental dysfunction', 'Placental dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10552 :: ('MESH:D005832', 'Disease') :: ['male genital anomalies cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital anomalies', 'genital malformations']

answer: @entity10552 :: (MESH:D005832,Disease) :: ['Male Genital Anomalies']


abstract: PURPOSE: The appearance of scintigraphic and magnetic resonance imaging during the evolution of @entity6865 of the foot is not well known and subject to controversies. The purpose of this preliminary study is to compare these two types of investigation during the first 6 months of evolution. METHODS: 4 non-selected @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity6865 of the foot (no more than 2 months of evolution and more than 3 out of 6 clinical criteria suggesting a "warm" phase) were studied prospectively. A clinical evaluation, scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at diagnosis and after 3 and 6 months. All available examinations (n = 22) were analyzed independently by independent observers. RESULTS: Clinically 3 of 4 @entity1 developed or previously had another site of sympathetic @entity3986 confirmed by total body scintigraphy. After 6 months 2 of 4 @entity1 still have a "warm" @entity3986 . Bone scanning showed localized or diffuse tracer uptake and MRI showed bone and soft tissue @entity4 when the sympathetic @entity3986 was and/or remained clinically "warm". MRI bone @entity4 moved from one location to another in 3 of 4 @entity1 during the follow-up. There was a good correlation between bone scan and MRI images. In "warm" @entity3986 , MRI was positive 5 out of 7 times and scintigraphy in all cases. Bone @entity4 and tracer uptake faded simultaneously although the latter was more diffuse and more persistent than the former. CONCLUSION: MRI as well as bone scintigraphy are suitable for the diagnosis of warm @entity3986 of the foot. Both exams remain positive when the @entity3986 is still "warm" after 6 months. The radiographic evolution after 6 months still has to be evaluated.

title: [Prognostic aspects of scintigraphy and MRI during the first 6 months of XXXX of the distal lower limb: a preliminary prospective study of 4 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy', 'acute reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

answer: @entity6865 :: (MESH:D012019,Disease) :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']


abstract: @entity11788 is used as an induction agent in kidney transplantation, but the optimal dose is not well established. However, its use may be associated with increased @entity166 complications after transplantation. METHODS: This retrospective study of 61 high-risk renal recipients of transplants from deceased donors performed between June 2001 and April 2004 included @entity1 treated with @entity11788 . @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the total @entity11788 dose (G1, n = 30, <7 mg/kg; G2, n = 31, >7 mg/kg) and followed for at least 1 year. RESULTS: Mean recipient age was 43 +/- 14 years; 41% were males; 63% non-Whites. Mean cold @entity63 time was 26.3 +/- 7 hours. Mean PRA was 23% (0-100%). Second transplantation was performed in 18 (29.5%) @entity1 . Mean donor age was 42.1 +/- 16 years, and 59% had a @entity64 as the cause of @entity204 . @entity1 - and @entity204 -censored graft survival at 12 months were 86% and 88%, respectively. There were 149 @entity166 episodes among 47 (78%) @entity1 . The incidence of @entity281 was 1.7 +/- 0.24 infections per @entity1 per year in G1 (lower dose) vs 3.12 +/- 0.23 in G2 (P < .001). Bacterial (0.66 +/- 1.0 vs 1.48 +/- 1.26 infections per @entity1 per year, P = .009) and @entity1800 (0.9 +/- 0.71 vs 1.41 +/- 0.71; P = .006) were more frequent in the higher dose group. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that a greater number of @entity166 episodes were present when the total dose of @entity11788 was higher than 7 mg/kg.

title: XXXX and rate of @entity166 complications after transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vascular accident']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity11788 :: ('MESH:C512542', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymoglobulin', 'thymoglobulin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity11788 :: (MESH:C512542,Chemical) :: ['Thymoglobulin']


abstract: Mortality from @entity453 is a common problem in treated @entity101 @entity1 , and these @entity1 have a high prevalence of elevated @entity165 levels. A study was undertaken to determine whether @entity165 could be lowered effectively without major side effects in @entity1 with treated @entity101 . Forty-nine @entity1 (mean age 67.6 years) with @entity165 greater than 5.5 mmol/l were placed on a reduced-fat (less than 30% of calories from fat with a ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats of less than 1) diet for 3 months. If the @entity165 was between 5.5 and 7.5 mmol/l and total @entity165 divided by high-density lipoprotein @entity165 was greater than 4.5, the @entity1 were randomly allocated either to the @entity3413 (24 @entity1 ) or the placebo group (25 @entity1 ). Diet and placebo caused minor and insignificant falls in @entity165 and no change in @entity1674 or lipids. Treatment with @entity3413 reduced @entity165 levels from 6.85 to 4.75 mmol/l (P less than 0.001), @entity1674 from 2.7 to 2.1 mmol/l (P less than 0.01), low-density lipoproteins from 4.6 to 2.6 mmol/l (P less than 0.001) and high-density lipoproteins rose from 1.09 to 1.18 mmol/l (P less than 0.01). Total @entity165 divided by high-density lipoprotein @entity165 fell from 6.3 to 4.0 (P less than 0.001). The drug was well tolerated and the side-effect profile did not differ from the placebo in clinical or biochemical events. The active drug was stopped in one @entity1 ( @entity490 , @entity1296 , @entity10 , tiredness) and in two @entity1 taking the placebo (elevated @entity908 phosphokinase, @entity65 ). @entity3413 effectively lowered total @entity165 and improved the lipoprotein profile. The dose required in most @entity1 was 40 mg/day. @entity3413 may be an acceptable drug to improve the lipoprotein profile in order to determine whether this improves the prognosis in @entity1 treated for @entity101 .

title: @entity3413 in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia in @entity1 with essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular collapse']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity21172 and @entity7842 are considered the first-line pharmacologic treatments for @entity551 ( @entity551 ). Although @entity551 is thought to require long-term therapy, it is unknown how long @entity1 remain on treatment ("persistence"). METHODS: We assembled a retrospective cohort of @entity1 with @entity551 aged >=  50 years enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid (1996-2008), and identified new episodes of @entity21172 and @entity7842 use. Follow-up continued from the first medication fill through treatment discontinuation (90 days without medication), change in treatment, @entity204 , hospitalization, and loss of enrollment or study end. We compared persistence on treatment using Cox regression models and @entity7842 as reference. Covariates included demographics, healthcare utilization measurements and co-morbidities. RESULTS: We identified 1704 @entity551 @entity1 , who initiated 1767 episodes of @entity7842 (1103) or @entity21172 (664) use. The median age was 69 years, 53% were female and 80% were white. During 738 @entity1 years of follow-up, episodes of use ended because of treatment discontinuation in 467 (27% @entity7842 , 25% @entity21172 ); treatment change in 72 (3% @entity7842 , 6% @entity21172 ) and @entity204 in 53 (3% @entity7842 , 2% @entity21172 ). Overall median persistence on @entity7842 and @entity21172 was 254 (IQR: 119-783) and 259 (IQR: 119-807) days, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for overall non-persistence on @entity21172 compared to @entity7842 was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.90-1.28). CONCLUSIONS: Overall duration of @entity551 treatment with first-line medications was short, and similar for @entity7842 and @entity21172 . Further research is warranted to determine the causes of this low persistence. (Words#234).

title: Early discontinuation of treatment in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity21172 :: ('MESH:D008879', 'Chemical') :: ['midodrine', 'Midodrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['OH', 'orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['orthostatic hypotension']


abstract: 1. @entity935 (DA) is a protective agent in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in both @entity35 and @entity1 . Therefore, we have studied the site of DA production in @entity35 and @entity1 GI tract using a variety of techniques, including immunocytochemistry (ICC), in situ hybridization histochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, HPLC, western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy. 2. We found very high concentrations of DA that persisted after chemical sympathectomy (CS) in the gastric juice, the stomach mucosa and in the pancreas. Both the stomach mucosa and the pancreas also had @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) activity, most of which remained after CS. Double-labelling ICC showed that acid-producing parietal cells and the exocrine pancreas must also be capable of producing DA. 3. We isolated @entity35 stomach parietal cells by cell fractionation and found that both DA and TH activity are present in isolated (denervated) parietal cells. These cells also have other features of aminergic cells: they are immuno- (and mRNA) positive for the DA plasma membrane transporter and vesicular @entity1154 transporter(s). In both @entity356 , we demonstrated the presence of significant amounts of the D5 receptor that could serve as a target for locally produced DA. 4. Because DA, its biosynthetic enzymes and its transporters are also found in parietal cells in the @entity1 stomach, a mucosal protective system involving DA could be important clinically.

title: Non-neuronal XXXX in the gastrointestinal system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and duodenal mucosa']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Aims. To improve diagnostic criteria for @entity1348 @entity890 ( @entity890 ). Methods. The standard protocol for MRI diagnosis of @entity890 , using a 12 o'clock reference position, was compared to an alternative protocol. The alternative protocol involves the functional relationship between the condyle and articular eminence, using a line perpendicular to the posterior slope of the eminence as a reference for disc position. The disc location was examined using both protocols, and disc diagnoses were compared in their relationship with @entity158 . Statistical analyses included P value, sensitivity, specificity, odds ratio, and kappa statistic. Results. 58 MRIs were interpreted. 36 subjects reported @entity4841 ; 22 did not. Both protocols demonstrated significance (standard P = 0.004, alternative P < 0.001) for the ability to predict @entity4841 . The odds of @entity4841 increased in @entity890 @entity1 diagnosed by standard methods 9.71 times and in @entity890 diagnosed by alternative means 37.15 times. The diagnostic sensitivity decreased 30% using the alternative versus the standard protocol (0.6389 versus 0.9444), while specificity increased 60% (0.9545 versus 0.3636). Conclusions. A stronger relationship occurs between @entity890 and @entity4841 when using a function-based protocol. The alternative protocol correctly identifies subjects without @entity4841 , who by standard methods would be diagnosed with @entity890 , as having nondisplaced discs, providing a more clinically relevant assessment of @entity1348 @entity890 .

title: Analysis of Criteria for MRI Diagnosis of @entity1348 Disc Displacement and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['joint pain']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['disc displacement', 'DD']

answer: @entity4841 :: (MESH:D018771,Disease) :: ['Arthralgia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity407 is a major cause of @entity731 and @entity731 associated conditions, such as @entity301 ( @entity301 ), @entity66 and @entity1095 . Though there are hypolipidemic drugs available, the search for a more efficacious hypo lipidemic agent was always going on. AIM: To study the effect of @entity28041 on lipid profile in Hypercholesterolaemic @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: After grant of permission from animal ethics committee, the animals were divided into four groups of eight each (normal control, Experimental control with High @entity165 diet, High @entity165 diet + @entity28041 300mg, High @entity165 diet + @entity28041 600mg). At the end of 60 days the animals in all the groups were subjected to overnight fasting followed by plasma and liver biochemical analyses. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data were analysed by ANNOVA followed by Duncan's multi range test and the value of p <=0.05 was used as the criterion for statistical significance. RESULTS: The @entity35 fed on high @entity165 diet showed significant increase in serum total @entity165 , @entity1674 , LDL-C and VLDL-C. Treatment with @entity28041 significantly decreased serum total @entity165 (24%), @entity1674 (21%), LDL-C (24%) in a dose dependent manner. @entity35 treated with @entity28041 (300 and 600 mg/kg) showed significant increase in hepatic HDL -C and decrease in other lipid profiles. CONCLUSION: Treatment with @entity28041 significantly decreased both serum and hepatic total @entity165 , @entity1674 , VLDL-C, LDL-C and increased HDL-C at both doses.

title: Effect of XXXX on Lipid Profile in Hypercholesterolaemic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary Heart Disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglycerides', 'triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity28041 :: (MESH:C440975,Chemical) :: ['Silybin']


abstract: Since 1982, mature and immature @entity44 have been recruited into the MAHO and MAKEI protocols of the German Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (GPOH) for testicular and non-testicular germ cell @entity5 in order to study the epidemiology and clinical behaviour of @entity44 . @entity1 were registered in the epidemiologic German Childrens Cancer Registry and the GPOH Childrens Tumor Registry for pathological review. @entity1 with @entity44 grade 2 and 3 according to Gonzales-Crussi were eligible for adjuvant chemotherapy. The consecutive protocols MAKEI 83/86/89 have been published previously in detail (Klin Paediatr 1997; 209: 228-234, Med Pediat Oncol 1998; 31: 8-15) and will be compared to the data of MAKEI 96. For this comparison, 274 @entity1 from MAKEI 83/86/89 and 261 @entity1 from MAKEI 96 are evaluable. RESULTS: 1) EFS after complete @entity5 resection has been estimated to 0.96 +/- 0.01 in both observation periods. 2) Incomplete @entity5 resection remains the main risk factor for relapse (EFS 0.55 +/- 0.09). 3) The relapse rate declined from 13.9 % in MAKEI 83/86/89 to 9.5 % in MAKEI 96. 4) In MAKEI 83/86/89 four newborns with @entity44 died due to perioperative complications and nine @entity1 as a result of @entity5 progression, whereas in MAKEI 96 no newborn died, only one @entity1 died from @entity5 progression, and another @entity1 died during long time observation for another reason ( @entity693 ). 5) In accordance to the experience of the MAKEI 83/86/89 studies, no @entity1 of the MAKEI 96 study presented with yolk sac @entity5 at recurrence if adjuvant chemotherapy was administered during first-line treatment because of @entity44 . In contrast, more than half of the @entity1 with @entity5 recurrence after watch and wait strategy had yolk sac @entity5 in addition to @entity44 .

title: The malignant potential of XXXX in infancy and childhood: the MAKEI experiences in non-testicular @entity44 and implications for a new protocol.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immaturity', 'teratoma', 'teratomas']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['teratomas']


abstract: @entity12359 (5'NT) activity of peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes was determined in 31 patients with serum @entity1581 ( @entity1581 ). Twenty-one @entity1 had a diagnosis of @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ), and ten patients had @entity8058 ( @entity8058 ). The proliferative activity of the bone marrow plasma cells ( @entity3162 %) was investigated in 28 of these @entity1581 @entity1 by means of tritiated @entity1014 uptake evaluated by simultaneous autoradiography and cytoplasmic immunofluorescence. 5'NT activity was significantly lower in @entity1581 @entity1 as compared with normal controls. @entity1582 @entity1 had lower 5'NT activity than @entity8058 @entity1 , but the difference was not significant. By contrast, @entity1582 had significantly higher @entity3162 % than @entity8058 @entity1 . There was a linear regression of 5'NT on @entity3162 % which was statistically significant: the higher the @entity3162 %, the lower the 5'NT. Because the @entity3162 % is an accurate prognostic and monitoring factor in @entity1581 , this correlation indicates that 5'NT may be of assistance in predicting the clinical progress of @entity1581 @entity1 . In seven MGs, the PB T and B lymphocytes were studied separately. The T cell subpopulation was 5'NT deficient compared to the normal controls, shown as a significant linear regression of T cell 5'NT on the @entity3162 %. This suggests that in @entity1581 there may be an alteration of nonneoplastic T lymphocytes correlated with @entity5 growth. The OKT8+ lymphocytes were mainly responsible for the 5'NT deficiency of unseparated T lymphocytes.

title: Decreased @entity12359 activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in human XXXX : correlation with @entity5 cell kinetics.

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathies', 'MG']

entities_list: @entity8058 :: ('MESH:D008998', 'Disease') :: ['MGUS', 'monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1581 :: (MESH:D010265,Disease) :: ['monoclonal gammopathies']


abstract: PURPOSE: Laser prostatectomy has increased in popularity in the last decade. However, traditional transurethral resection of the prostate remains common. To understand decisions about the use of laser prostatectomy vs transurethral prostate resection, we evaluated trends in transurethral surgery for @entity1067 in an all payer data set, focusing on @entity1 and provider factors associated with the receipt of laser prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using Florida State Inpatient Database and Ambulatory Surgery Database, we identified @entity1 who underwent laser prostatectomy or transurethral prostate resection from 2001 to 2009. We calculated surgery rates with time, stratified by procedure type. We used multilevel regression to examine @entity1 (age, race and comorbidity level) and provider (surgeon volume) factors associated with the receipt of laser prostatectomy vs transurethral prostate resection. RESULTS: While the overall rates of transurethral surgery remained stable during the study period (p = 0.227), laser prostatectomy use increased 400% from 25 to 114 procedures per 100,000 @entity1 (p <0.001), replacing about half of all transurethral prostate resections. @entity1 were less likely to undergo laser prostatectomy if they were older (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.61-0.70) and less healthy (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.45-0.51). While these factors were predictive of surgery type, most of the variation in laser prostatectomy use (69%) was determined by the urologist seen by the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Laser prostatectomy use has increased in the last decade at the expense of transurethral prostate resection, driven largely by provider effects. However, elderly and more infirm @entity1 are least likely to undergo it, raising concern about underuse in this population.

title: Population based trends in the surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']