abstract: INTRODUCTION: The long term effect of Neuroform stent in progressive occlusion of @entity438 is not yet completely understood. Here the effect of the Neuroform stent in progressive occlusion of @entity438 and clinical outcome is reported. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 treated with the Neuroform stent from January 2003 to July 2007 were prospectively enrolled. @entity1 ' demographics, immediate and delayed rate of occlusion, and clinical outcomes using the National Institution of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were recorded. RESULTS: Neuroform stent placement was attempted in 72 @entity1 , including 10 @entity397 cases. However, stent placement could not be accomplished in two @entity1 who were not included for analysis. Mean age was 50    14 years and mean @entity439 diameter was 10.28    5.9 mm. Immediate complete occlusion was observed in 31 (44%), neck remnants in 29 (41%) and @entity432 in 10 (14%). Angiographic follow-up was available in 59 cases; complete occlusion was observed in 48/59 (81%), neck remnant in 7/59 (13%) and recanalisation in 4/49 (7%). Of 39 @entity1 with immediate incomplete obliteration, progressive complete occlusions were achieved in 25/31 (81%), no changes in two and recanalisation in four cases. The majority of @entity1 had good outcomes (GOS 1 or NIHSS 0 in 66/70 (94%), GOS 2 or NIHSS 2 in one @entity1 and @entity12861 or NIHSS 4 in three at the 90 day follow-up visit. CONCLUSIONS: The Neuroform stent assisted neck remodelling technique improves progressive obliteration of @entity438 with a low recanalisation rate and good clinical outcome.

title: Progressive occlusion of @entity439 in Neuroform Stent-assisted treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 in the Papua New Guinea Highlands consume sweet @entity415 as their dietary staple; consumption of animal protein is limited. In such societies with marginal protein intake, the intra-household allocation of animal protein in terms of sex or age is of importance. The objective of this study was to investigate how the allocation pattern of protein-rich foods by sex and age is associated with economic development in the Papua New Guinea Highlands. METHODS: The @entity505 and @entity1568 isotopic compositions of fingernails, collected in 1995 in two areas (Tari and Port Moresby [the national capital where Tari migrants resided]), and of scalp hair, collected in 2007, 2012, and 2013 in three areas of different degree of economic development (Levani, Tari, and Goroka) were analyzed. RESULTS: Analysis of fingernail samples showed that   @entity13140 was lower in rural communities than in the urban migrant community, while a sex difference in   @entity13140 (higher in males than in females) was found in the former but not in the latter community. Age was not associated with either   @entity13140 or   @entity7352 values. The analysis of scalp hair samples showed that   @entity13140 values were lowest in Levani, the least developed area. Furthermore, there were statistically significant sex differences in   @entity13140 values in Levani but not in Tari and Goroka. Age was not associated with either   @entity13140 or   @entity7352 values. DISCUSSION: The sex inequality in animal protein consumption seems to have decreased as the communities in the Papua New Guinea Highlands have experienced economic development. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Association between sex inequality in animal protein intake and economic development in the Papua New Guinea highlands: The @entity505 and XXXX isotopic composition of scalp hair and fingernail.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is associated with a higher incidence of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) with unclear mechanisms. @entity6634 (IS) accumulates in @entity740 @entity1 . IS increases oxidative stress, which contributes to the genesis of @entity955 . The arrhythmogenic effect of IS is unclear. METHODS: Conventional microelectrodes recorded the action potentials (AP) of isolated @entity95 left atrium (LA), right atrium (RA), pulmonary vein (PV), and sinoatrial nodes (SANs) before and after treatment with IS with and without an antioxidant ( @entity620 ). Confocal microscopy with fluorescence and whole-cell patch clamp were used to evaluate intracellular @entity460 in isolated PV cardiomyocytes with and without IS. RESULTS: Compared to the control, IS induced more @entity358 at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100  M, and induced more PV burst firings at 1, 10, and 100  M. In contrast, IS (10 and 100  M) reduced the SAN spontaneous beating rate. IS (100  M) significantly shortened LA AP durations, but not RA. IS (100  M)-treated PV cardiomyocytes had a similar @entity460 transient and sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity460 content, but a larger @entity460 leak than control PV cardiomyocytes. Burst pacing and @entity3044 induced a greater @entity955 occurrence (50% vs. 100%; P = 0.009) and a longer @entity955 duration (26    9 vs. 5    3 seconds; P < 0.05) in the LA (n = 8) with IS (100  M) than without IS. Moreover, @entity620 (1 mM) attenuated the effects of IS on the LA, PV, and SANs. CONCLUSION: IS increases PV and atrial arrhythmogenesis through oxidative stress. They may contribute to the occurrence of @entity955 in @entity740 @entity1 .

title: The Uremic Toxin XXXX Increases Pulmonary Vein and Atrial Arrhythmogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['PV delayed afterdepolarizations']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity6634 :: ('MESH:D007200', 'Chemical') :: ['Indoxyl sulfate']

answer: @entity6634 :: (MESH:D007200,Chemical) :: ['Indoxyl Sulfate']


abstract: In an open, non-randomized prospective phase-III-study the clinical and endocrine efficacy as well as the safety of @entity18789 depot (Enantone-Gyn Monats-Depot) were investigated. The therapeutic results of 198 @entity1 , gathered from 5 university institutions and two city hospitals, are reported. Endometriosis was classified by the revised American Fertility Society score (r-AFS) before and at the end of treatment. Serum levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, @entity53 , @entity1420 , @entity2671 , @entity251 and @entity18789 were determined by radioimmunoassay. The mean total r-AFS score changed as follows: before surgical intervention during first-look laparoscopy 21 +/- 24 at the end of first-look laparoscopy 15 +/- 19 at the end of the @entity1176 -treatment 8 +/- 14 During @entity18789 treatment the r-AFS stages changed as follows: [table; see text] Using the scoring system 85.2% of the @entity1 improved. Relief of dysmenorrhoea could be achieved in 95.4%, relief of @entity546 in 64% and of @entity2371 in 69.4% of @entity1 . Baseline hormone levels dropped sharply during treatment. [table; see text] @entity2671 , @entity251 , blood pressure, body weight, haematological parameters, liver enzymes, @entity1011 , electrolytes and HDL-/LDL-cholesterin remained more or less unchanged. Side effects being hot flushes, sweating, @entity22 , @entity10 , @entity390 , @entity308 and vaginal dryness were due to @entity53 deprivation. In 135 @entity1 resumption of menstruation occurred in 95.6% within the first three months post-treatment. 23 @entity1 of whom 21 were judged as @entity249 , became pregnant immediately after treatment was finished. The study results confirm the efficacy of @entity18789 depot in the treatment of even advanced stages of @entity46 .

title: [Treatment of @entity46 with the GnRH agonist XXXX depot (Enatone-Gyn monthly depot): a multicenter study].

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity18789 :: ('CHEBI:63597', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprorelin acetate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['Androstenedione', 'androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['sleeplessness']

answer: @entity18789 :: (CHEBI:63597,Chemical) :: ['leuprorelin acetate']


abstract: Infusion of endotoxin elicits @entity3028 followed by increased numbers of granulocytes in peripheral blood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the redistribution and sequestration of granulocytes in the tissues following @entity526 endotoxin induced @entity295 . From 16 @entity95 granulocytes were isolated, labelled with Indium and reinjected intravenously. Eight @entity95 received an infusion of @entity526 endotoxin 2 micrograms kg-1 while eight received isotonic saline. The redistribution of granulocytes was imaged with a gamma camera and calculated with a connected computer before and 2 and 6 hours after infusion of endotoxin or saline. Serum @entity701 and interleukin-1 beta were measured. In another seven @entity95 , respiratory burst activity and degranulation of granulocytes were measured prior to and from 5 min to 6 hours after infusion of @entity526 endotoxin 2 micrograms kg-1 BW. Following infusion of endotoxin, the number of granulocytes in peripheral blood decreased from 2.44 to 0.064 x 10 l-1 two hours later. Within 5 min after infusion the overall oxidative burst of the peripheral blood granulocytes was increased and the granularity had decreased. Serum @entity701 and interleukin-1 beta increased significantly. The radioactivity of labelled cells in the bone marrow and spleen decreased to 83.1% and 91.6% of initial values. At the same time there was a transient sequestration of labelled granulocytes in the lungs reaching 117.6% of initial values. The radioactivity of the liver increased continuously to 118.4%. The results indicate that endotoxin induces an efflux in activated granulocytes from peripheral blood, bone marrow and @entity409 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The redistribution of granulocytes following @entity526 endotoxin induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['spleen to the lungs and liver']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) constitute a class of extensively studied toxins, isolated from snake venoms. Basic PLA2 isoforms mediate various toxicological effects, while the acidic isoforms generally have higher enzymatic activities, but do not promote evident toxic effects. The functions of these acidic isoforms in snake venoms are still not completely understood and more studies are needed to characterize the biological functions and diversification of acidic toxins in order to justify their abundant presence in these secretions. Recently, Lomonte and collaborators demonstrated, in a proteomic and toxicological study, high concentrations of PLA2s in the venom of @entity18384 leucostoma. We have, herein, purified and characterized an acidic PLA2 from this snake venom, denominated AplTx-I, in order to better understand its biochemical and structural characteristics, as well as its biological effects. AplTx-I was purified using two chromatographic steps, in association with enzymatic and biological assays. The acidic toxin was found to be one of the most abundant proteins in the venom of A.  p. leucostoma; the protein was monomeric with a molecular mass of 13,885.8  Da, as identified by mass spectrometry ESI- @entity215 and electrophoresis. The toxin has similar primary and tridimensional structures to those of other acidic PLA2s, a theoretical and experimental isoelectric point of    5.12, and a @entity460 -dependent enzyme activity of 25.8985  nM/min/mg, with maximum values at 37    C and pH 8.0. Despite its high enzymatic activity on synthetic substrate, AplTx-I did not induce high or significant myotoxic, coagulant, anticoagulant, @entity4 , @entity137 in @entity19 phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations or antibacterial activities. Interestingly, AplTx-I triggered a high and selective @entity137 in @entity1573 biventer cervicis preparations. These findings are relevant to provide a deeper understanding of the pharmacology, role and diversification of acidic phospholipase A2 isoforms in snake venoms.

title: Exploring and understanding the functional role, and biochemical and structural characteristics of an acidic phospholipase A2, AplTx-I, purified from XXXX leucostoma snake venom.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity18384 :: ('8715', 'Species') :: ['Agkistrodon piscivorus']

answer: @entity18384 :: (8715,Species) :: ['Agkistrodon piscivorus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Since the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the esophagus is extremely poor, an effective multimodal treatment needs to be established. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with @entity957 at the T4 classification of the disease but no hematogenous @entity3 were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy followed by surgical resection. Twenty-eight @entity1 were treated with a regimen (protocol A) of @entity1487 750 mg/m2 on days 1-5 and 22-26, and @entity900 70 mg/m2 on days 1 and 22. The remaining 17 @entity1 were treated with a modified regimen (protocol B) of @entity1487 400 mg/m2 and @entity900 10 mg/m2 on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, and 22-26. Radiation was delivered daily for 5 days/week for 4 weeks at the rate of 2 Gy/day to a total dose of 40 Gy in both protocols. RESULTS: A major clinical response was observed in 29 [3 complete response (CR) and 26 partial response (PR)] @entity1 (64.4%). Twenty-eight @entity1 (62.2%) underwent esophagectomy with no @entity204 . The median survival time of the resected @entity1 (959 days) was significantly longer than that of the non-resected @entity1 (178 days). Protocol B showed significantly higher pathologic effectiveness than protocol A. The pathologic CR rate for the main @entity5 was 1 (6.3%) of 16 @entity1 for protocol A and 7 (58.3%) of 12 @entity1 for protocol B. The pathologic CR rate for metastasized lymph nodes was 4/11 (36.4%) for protocol A and 5/5 (100%) for protocol B. Good histological response of the main @entity5 correlated well with long survival. The treatments were well tolerated except for one treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent chemoradiation therapy followed by surgery is an effective and safe multimodal therapy for @entity1 with primary inoperable T4 @entity957 .

title: Concurrent chemotherapy ( @entity1487 and @entity900 ) and radiation therapy followed by surgery for XXXX of the esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['T4 squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC', 'SCC of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['T4 squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity955 is the most frequent @entity943 . Epidemiological studies show sharp increase of incidence and prevalence of @entity955 all over the world. @entity955 is becoming to be a serious problem, not only clinical, but even social and economical. Aim of the paper was to evaluate immediate and long-term results of radiofrequency catheter ablation of @entity955 at Dpt. of Internal Medicine-Cardiology, University Hospital Brno. METHODS: The @entity1 were indicated for ablation, when the anti-arrhythmic therapy was ineffective. End-point of the ablation was disconnection of @entity296 between left atrium and pulmonary veins and complete electrical isolation of pulmonary veins. GROUP OF THE @entity1 , RESULTS: There were 67 catheter ablations of @entity955 performed within the years 9/2004 to 12/2006 at our department, out of the whole amount of 1,285 ablations of supraventricular @entity591 from 1995 to 2006. There were 27 @entity1 (40%) and 40 @entity1 (60%) in our group of @entity1 , with the mean age 56.9 +/- 9.5 years. The average ejection fraction of left ventricle was 62 +/- 5%, left atrial dimension 42.8 +/- 6 mm. The mean follow-up period was 16.9 +/- 10.9 months. The @entity1 were treated before and after the ablation by 1 anti-arrhythmic drug in 44.8 vs 50%, by 2 drugs in 40.3 vs 14.9% and by 3 drugs in 10.4 vs 9%, respectively. The percentage of @entity1 without any anti-arrhythmic drug increased after successful ablation from 2.9 to 25.4%, the percentage of @entity1 using @entity2643 decreased from 29.8 to 16.4%, propafenon from 29.8 to 16.4% and @entity2778 from 26.8 to 10.4% respectively. The median of RF application duration was 43.8 min, fluoroscopy time 43.8 min and procedure duration 240 min. The success rates were 87.5% in year 2004, 77.4% in 2005 and 79.2% in 2006. CONCLUSION: Catheter ablation of @entity955 has become a routine curative method in symptomatic @entity1 without major structural @entity299 , with ineffective anti-arrhythmic treatment. Ablation was associated with significant reduction of anti-arrhythmic and anticoagulation therapy.

title: [Immediate and long-term results of conventionally performed radiofrequency catheter ablations of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial sleeves']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation', 'paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse long-term functional recovery, deficits and requirement of lower limb orthosis (LLO) for locomotion in @entity1 with @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ). DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal follow-up study. SETTING: Neurological Rehabilitation unit of university hospital. @entity1 AND METHOD: Sixty-nine @entity1 of @entity5011 admitted for inpatient rehabilitation. Thirty-five @entity1 (M:F, 19:16) reporting after 1 year follow-up (50.72%) were included in study (between September 2005 and July 2009). Their @entity51 and requirement of LLO were recorded and analysed. RESULTS: Age ranged from 4 to 65 year (29.74    15.75). Twenty-seven @entity1 had typical @entity5011 and eight @entity1 had @entity1897 variant. Twenty-eight @entity1 (80%) had @entity9 needing medication with 11 required more than one drug. Twenty-one @entity1 (60%) had foot drop and advised ankle-foot orthosis-AFO (20 bilateral AFO). Thirty @entity1 (85.71%) needed assistive devices also for locomotion at discharge. After 1 year, foot drop was still present in 12 @entity1 (34.28%) using orthosis. Modified Barthel Index scores, Modified Rankin Scale and Hughes Disability Scale were used to assess functional disabilities. Significant recovery was observed at the time of discharge and after 1 year (p < 0.001 each). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5011 continue to show significant functional recovery for long period. They have @entity51 even after 1 year with requirement of orthosis in large number of @entity1 .

title: @entity5011 _#x2013; rehabilitation outcome, XXXX and requirement of lower limb orthosis for locomotion at 1 year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['residual deficits']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['acute motor axonal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-Barre Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['residual deficits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathology of the appendix represents >50% of surgical activity. It is necessary to consider rare pathologies such as mucoceles. These have a high frequency in females with a F/M ratio of 4:1, as well as in @entity1 >50 years of age. The objective of this study is to report on a case of mucinous @entity9296 . CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a 34-year-old male with a history of @entity309 diagnosed at 9 years of age. At 22 years of age, the @entity1 underwent bilateral hip arthroplasty. Since 1998, the @entity1 has presented with @entity12042 and has been under steroid treatment to date. The current problem evolved 1 year ago during control studies for his disease. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen was done, demonstrating a @entity5 in the right iliac fossa. Colonoscopy confirmed a @entity5 with smooth edges located in the cecum. Surgery was recommended with a diagnosis of @entity362 of the cecum. During surgery, a large @entity5 was found, indicating a poor prognosis. Right hemicolectomy was done. Surgical specimen was sent to pathology with a report of @entity8940 . CONCLUSIONS: The group of symptoms of @entity9296 is nonspecific. Diagnostic methods include X-rays, ultrasound, CT and colonoscopy. @entity8940 is the most common form of mucocele of the appendix. Diagnostic protocols are the same for benign appendix pathology. Treatment is surgical and type of surgery depends on the size of the mucocele. Mucoceles of the appendix are pathologies with a favorable prognosis when appropriate treatment is done.

title: XXXX . Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12042 :: ('MESH:C538249', 'Disease') :: ['renal amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity8940 :: ('MESH:D018291', 'Disease') :: ['Mucinous cystadenoma', 'mucinous cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenoma', 'cystadenoma of the appendix']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity8940 :: (MESH:D018291,Disease) :: ['Mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity6677 (GDM) is constantly increasing all around the world. Aim of this study is to report prevalence and regional differences of GDM, oral @entity413 tolerance tests (OGTT) and register-based GDM risk factors [age and body mass index (BMI)] among Finnish @entity1 . METHODS: Data from the Finnish Medical Birth Register including all deliveries in Finland during 2004-06 (N   =   174   634) were used. The criteria for GDM were abnormal results in OGTT, GDM diagnosis based on ICD-10 classification or use of insulin treatment during pregnancy. Pregnant @entity1 with @entity1723 were excluded, but @entity1 with pregestational @entity6 (type II) were included since they also can receive GDM diagnosis. RESULTS: The prevalence of GDM was 10-11% and OGTTs 22-28% between the period 2004 until 2006. Regional differences were 2-fold both in prevalence of GDM (8-15%) and OGTTs (19-34%). Proportions of @entity28 @entity1 varied between 28% and 35% and @entity1 aged >40 years between 3% and 4%. The regional differences in GDM prevalence were not attenuated when risk factors were taken into account. Overweight and age >= years explained only a fourth of the variation in GDM prevalence. CONCLUSION: Proportion of @entity1 undergoing OGTT increased but the prevalence of GDM did not during the study period. Two-fold regional differences in OGTT prevalence explained higher proportion of variation in prevalence of GDM than risk factors available from birth registry, age and BMI.

title: Prevalence and regional differences of @entity6677 mellitus and oral XXXX tolerance tests in Finland.

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Keloids of the ear are a challenging problem, with many treatment modalities advocated. The primary determinant in choosing a treatment protocol should be a low recurrence rate. Most reports in the literature suffer from small numbers of @entity1 and inadequate follow-up. METHODS: This study presents a retrospective analysis of 64 @entity1 representing 92 ear keloids treated between 1982 and 1997. The treatment protocol consisted of excision with an intraoperative and two postoperative @entity479 injections. All @entity1 were treated by a single physician. Long-term follow-up was obtained at a minimum of 5 years. RESULTS: Protocol success was achieved in 74 of 92 keloids (80 percent) excised. Prior excision of the keloid was significantly associated with protocol failure (p = 0.0068). Keloid recurrence was seen in 10 of 43 (23 percent). Statistically significant differences were noted in keloids that had undergone prior excision as compared with those presenting for initial treatment. These differences included growth rate (p = 0.0026), protocol failure (p = 0.0149), and total postoperative @entity479 injections administered (p = 0.0104). CONCLUSIONS: The primary protocol presented for the treatment of ear keloids produces durable results, with an acceptably low recurrence rate. Stratification of keloids based on an assessment of aggressiveness may allow for a more informed choice in their optimal treatment.

title: A primary protocol for the management of ear keloids: results of excision combined with intraoperative and postoperative XXXX injections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Development of prognostic models enables identification of variables that are influential in predicting @entity1 outcome and the use of these multiple risk factors in a systematic, reproducible way according to evidence based methods. The reliability of models depends on informed use of statistical methods, in combination with prior knowledge of disease. We reviewed published articles to assess reporting and methods used to develop new prognostic models in @entity5 . METHODS: We developed a systematic search string and identified articles from PubMed. Forty-seven articles were included that satisfied the following inclusion criteria: published in 2005; aiming to predict @entity1 outcome; presenting new prognostic models in @entity5 with outcome time to an event and including a combination of at least two separate variables; and analysing data using multivariable analysis suitable for time to event data. RESULTS: In 47 studies, prospective cohort or randomised controlled trial data were used for model development in only 33% (15) of studies. In 30% (14) of the studies insufficient data were available, having fewer than 10 events per variable ( @entity9653 ) used in model development. @entity9653 could not be calculated in a further 40% (19) of the studies. The coding of candidate variables was only reported in 68% (32) of the studies. Although use of continuous variables was reported in all studies, only one article reported using recommended methods of retaining all these variables as continuous without categorisation. Statistical methods for selection of variables in the multivariate modelling were often flawed. A method that is not recommended, namely, using statistical significance in univariate analysis as a pre-screening test to select variables for inclusion in the multivariate model, was applied in 48% (21) of the studies. CONCLUSIONS: We found that published prognostic models are often characterised by both use of inappropriate methods for development of multivariable models and poor reporting. In addition, models are limited by the lack of studies based on prospective data of sufficient sample size to avoid overfitting. The use of poor methods compromises the reliability of prognostic models developed to provide objective probability estimates to complement clinical intuition of the physician and guidelines.

title: Reporting methods in studies developing prognostic models in XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: 1. Pentatrichomonas hominis was found incapable of de novo synthesis of @entity3042 . 2. Pentatrichomonas hominis can salvage @entity5536 , @entity2774 , @entity3625 , @entity859 , @entity17350 and @entity14572 , but not @entity3624 for the synthesis of @entity2036 . 3. HPLC tracing of radiolabelled @entity3042 or @entity10043 nucleosides revealed that @entity5536 , @entity859 and @entity3625 are incorporated into @entity3211 and @entity15129 through a similar channel while @entity2774 and @entity17350 are salvaged into @entity6989 via another route. There appears to be no direct interconversion between @entity5536 and @entity6989 . Interconversion between @entity860 and @entity15129 was observed. 4. Assays of @entity10043 salvage enzymes revealed that P. hominis possess @entity859 kinase; @entity859 , @entity17350 and @entity14572 phosphotransferases; @entity859 , @entity17350 and @entity14572 phosphorylases and @entity860 deaminase.

title: Pentatrichomonas hominis: XXXX salvage pathway.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity17350 :: ('MESH:D006151', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine']

entities_list: @entity6989 :: ('MESH:D006150', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity3211 :: ('MESH:D000227', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotides']

answer: @entity10043 :: (MESH:C030985,Chemical) :: ['purine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) equation and the Cockcroft and Gault formula (CCrCG) in predicting total @entity1011 clearance achieved by residual renal function plus peritoneal dialysis in @entity1 on chronic peritoneal dialysis. METHODS: Total @entity1011 clearance was defined as peritoneal @entity1011 clearance (PCcr) plus the average of urine @entity1133 and @entity1011 clearances (cGFR). Correlation analysis and Bland-Altman plot were used to establish the degree of correlation and agreement between the estimations of @entity1011 clearance achieved by PCcr and the average of cGFR and estimated @entity1011 clearance based on serum @entity1011 by using either @entity8 equation or the Cockcroft and Gault formula. RESULTS: In one hundred fifty-six measurements, mean clearances by [cGFR + PCcr], CCrCG and @entity8 were: 7.9    3.1, 10.6    5.2 and 8.5    4.9 ml/min/1.73 m(2), respectively. There was a good correlation between [cGFR + PCcr] and @entity8 (r = 0.776, P < 0.05) and [cGFR + PCcr] and CCrCG (r = 0.735, P < 0.05). The mean @entity8 was not significantly different from the mean clearance by [cGFR + PCcr] (difference 0.4    2.9 ml/min/1.73 m(2), agreement limit -5.4-6.3 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). The CCrCG formula gave a larger difference from the mean [cGFR + PCcr] (2.8    10.5 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) and a much wider agreement limit (-3.7-9.3 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). In male @entity1 , @entity8 formula provided an estimate of clearance that was similar to the mean [cGFR + PCcr] (7.9    3.8 ml/min/1.73 m(2) vs. 8.2    3.2 ml/min/1.73 m(2), respectively; difference 0.10    1.9 ml/min/1.73 m(2), limits of agreement -3.9-3.7 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). By contrast, in female @entity1 , the @entity8 equation significantly overestimated the clearance (difference between mean estimated and mean measured clearance 1.4    4.1 ml/min/1.73 m(2), limits of agreement -6.6-9.5 ml/min/1.73 m(2) P < 0.05). In conclusion, the GFR estimated by @entity8 formula is similar to [cGFR + PCcr] especially in males. GFR by the CCrCG formula tended to overestimate the highest values of [cGFR + PCcr].

title: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated from serum XXXX predicts total (urine and peritoneal) @entity1011 clearance in @entity1 on peritoneal dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'Modification of Diet in Renal Disease']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: We have studied the effects of the ablation of the cerebellar vermal area corresponding to lobules VI - VIII and of the flocculus - paraflocculus of both sides on the spontaneous eye movements performed in the light and in the dark in head-restrained pigmented @entity35 . These effects have been compared with those already described for the @entity75 . The @entity76 were performed 1 week to 6 months in advance. Eye movements were recorded through a phase detection search coil apparatus. Following vermal topectomy, the main characteristics of the spontaneous saccades are unmodified. Following the ablation of the flocculus - paraflocculus there is no change in the saccadic main sequence. However, the spontaneous saccades in the dark present a postsaccadic drift made up of two components with different time courses, the first one being fast and the second one slow. The former is due in part to a mismatch between the phasic (the pulse) and the @entity1319 ; the latter to the leakage of the neural integrator. In light only the first component is present and the eye maintains a steady position. The time constant of the neural integrator is considerably reduced to approximately 600 - 900 ms from a value of approximately 1600 - 4000 ms in the intact @entity35 . The amplitude of the postsaccadic drift in the light depends on both the mismatch between the pulse and the step of innervation of the extraocular muscles and the increased leakiness of the neural integrator. The gain of the pulse to step transformation is reduced to approximately 0.79 at all saccadic amplitudes and eccentricities and such a reduction is due to a decreased step amplitude, while the pulse amplitude remains unchanged. The contribution of the leakage of the neural integrator to the postsaccadic drift in the light is a function of the eccentricity with a slope of 0.23. The deficits described after flocculus - paraflocculus ablation are also very similar to those described following @entity75 from a quantitative point of view. The possible mechanisms of the visually activated olivocerebellar system in the control of saccadic performance and in maintaining its calibration are discussed.

title: Spontaneous Saccades and Gaze-Holding Ability in the Pigmented XXXX . II. Effects of @entity76 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior olive lesion']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar lesions']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['tonic (the step) components of the eye movements']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma ( @entity21652 ) consists of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-b that increase proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), whereas @entity8385 ( @entity8385 ) promotes @entity361 . However, the high degradation rate of fibrin leads to the dissociation of cytokines even before the process of bone regeneration begins. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine the combined effect of sustained release of @entity21652 from alginate beads on @entity8385 -modified MSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro and sustained release of @entity21652 alone on a @entity174 defect model ex vivo as well as its effect on calvarial suture closure. METHODS: After optimizing the alginate concentration for microspheres, the combined osteogenic and mineralization effect of @entity21652 and @entity8385 on MSCs was studied. Self-setting alginate hydrogel carrying @entity21652 was tested on a femur defect model ex vivo. The effect of @entity21652 at day 15 on the closure of the embryonic @entity19 calvaria sutures ex vivo was also studied. RESULTS: Increase of @entity21652 concentration promoted proliferation of MSCs, and 2.5% to 10% of @entity21652 gradually increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Sustained release of @entity21652 and @entity8385 demonstrated significantly higher ALP and mineralization activity (P <0.05). Radiographs of alginate hydrogel with @entity21652 -treated bone demonstrated nearly complete healing of the @entity174 , and histologic sections of the embryonic calvaria revealed that @entity21652 leads to suture fusion. CONCLUSION: Sustained release of @entity21652 along with @entity8385 -modified MSCs can significantly promote bone regeneration.

title: Combination of Controlled Release Platelet-Rich Plasma Alginate Beads and XXXX Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity8385 :: ('12156(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2', 'BMP2']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenic differentiation of MSCs']

answer: @entity8385 :: (12156(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2']


abstract: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is a new measure of arterial stiffness. We examined whether higher brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is associated with more advanced @entity2998 and left @entity123 in @entity1 with @entity454 , and whether this effect would be mediated by the influence of wave reflection on central arterial pressure. In 68 @entity1 with @entity454 , we examined blood pressures, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and the augmentation index of the left common carotid artery, a measure of the impact of wave reflection on the systolic peak in central arteries. The degree of @entity2998 was quantified by a plaque score and maximum intimal-medial thickness. Echocardiography was used to determine the left ventricular mass index. In simple regression analysis, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was correlated with both plaque score and maximum intimal-medial thickness (r = 0.420, p < 0.001 and r = 0.452, p < 0.0005, respectively) but not with left ventricular mass index. Multiple regression analysis was performed with the plaque score or maximum intimal-medial thickness as the dependent variable and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and known clinical risk factors as the independent variables. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was an independent risk factor for both plaque score (beta = 0.006, p = 0.004) and maximum intimal-medial thickness (beta = 0.008, p = 0.04). Independent risk factors for left ventricular mass index were left ventricular diastolic dimension (beta = 3.509, p = 0.000007) and augmentation index (beta = 0.580, p = 0.04). The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was unrelated to augmentation index in @entity1 with @entity454 . In conclusion, higher brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was found to be a risk factor for @entity2998 in @entity1 with @entity454 ; this effect was independent of the influence of wave reflection on central arterial pressure. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was unrelated to left ventricular structure.

title: Higher brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is associated with more advanced XXXX in @entity454 .

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity3143 ( @entity3143 ) induces an @entity792 in the Brown Norway (BN) @entity35 which includes widespread tissue injury. There is necrotizing @entity1333 in the gut with maximal injury occurring 2 weeks after the start of @entity3143 injections. There is evidence that disease is driven by Th2-like cell ( @entity11264 +CD45RClow) activity and that Th1-like cells ( @entity11264 +CD45RChigh) may be protective. Using the established protocol of five injections of @entity3143 over 10 days, we have studied in greater detail the presence and extent of @entity1333 and changes in T cell subsets from 12 h to 20 days after the first injection. Animals were killed at various time points and necropsies performed. Tissue injury was scored both macroscopically and histologically, with immunohistochemistry for T cell subsets. Flow cytometry was used to determine T cell subsets in peripheral blood, mesenteric @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) and spleen. Tissue injury was seen as early as 24 h after the first injection of @entity3143 . The size of lesions and extent of @entity1333 increased over the next two weeks with partial resolution at day 20. We confirmed that of peripheral blood T cells in the BN @entity35 , less than 20% were CD8+ and a similar proportion were @entity11264 +CD45RChigh, but found that less than 75% of CD8+ T cells were CD45RChigh (in other strains of @entity35 more than 90% CD8+ T cells are CD45RChigh). Within 48 h, @entity3143 caused a rise in the proportion of @entity11264 + T cells in spleen, @entity1600 and peripheral blood which then fell towards normal at peak tissue injury. The proportion of @entity11264 +CD45RClow T cells rose in the first week, but subsequently fell, with reciprocal changes in @entity11264 +CD45RChigh T cells. There was an increase in CD8+ T cells towards peak disease. The speed of onset of tissue injury suggests that cells other than T cells may be involved in the primary induction of @entity1333 , although Th2-like cells may be important in further tissue injury and in B cell activation. The rise in CD8+ and Th1-like cells towards peak disease supports the hypothesis that they are involved in disease regulation.

title: The time course and characterization of XXXX -induced immunopathology in the brown @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3143 :: ('MESH:D008627', 'Chemical') :: ['HgCl2', 'Mercuric chloride']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['leucocytoclastic vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune syndrome']

answer: @entity3143 :: (MESH:D008627,Chemical) :: ['mercuric chloride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of elective cryopreservation of all embryos in the prevention of severe @entity43 in @entity1 at increased risk, following superovulation for in vitro fertilisation. DESIGN: Three hundred and ninety @entity1 undergoing superovulation for in vitro fertilisation between September 1991 and December 1992. SETTING: University Infertility Clinic, Helsinki, Finland. INTERVENTIONS: Twenty-three @entity1 were considered to have an increased risk of developing @entity43 . They were characterised by more than 20 retrieved oocytes and/or by serum @entity53 levels exceeding 10,000 pmol/l on the day of administration of @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin. Instead of cancelling the cycle the oocytes were harvested and fertilised, and all good quality embryos were cryopreserved. The embryos were thawed and replaced during subsequent natural cycles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occurrence of @entity43 and pregnancy rate. RESULTS: One out of the 23 @entity1 at increased risk developed a moderate degree @entity43 , while the others had only mild symptoms. Two of the remaining 367 @entity1 with no risk developed @entity43 , both during early pregnancy. Among the 23 @entity1 at increased risk there have been 15 clinical pregnancies after transfer of two to three frozen-thawed embryos in natural cycles, with a 32.6% pregnancy rate. CONCLUSIONS: Withholding embryo replacement and elective cryopreservation of the embryos is effective in preventing severe @entity43 . After subsequent replacement in natural cycles the implantation rate per embryo is good (22.7%).

title: The effect of cryopreservation in prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thoracic aortic emergencies account for 10% of thoracic-related admissions in the United States and remain associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Open repair has declined owing to the emergence of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), but data on emergency TEVAR use for acute aortic pathology remain limited. We therefore reviewed our experience. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated emergency descending thoracic aortic endovascular interventions performed at a single academic level 1 @entity130 center between January 2005 and August 2013 including all cases of traumatic @entity130 , @entity397 descending thoracic @entity439 , penetrating @entity731 , aortoenteric @entity292 , and acute complicated type B dissection. Demographics, clinical data, and outcomes were extracted. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for @entity204 . RESULTS: During the study period, 51 @entity1 underwent TEVAR; 22 cases (43.1%) were performed emergently (11 @entity1 [50.0%] traumatic @entity130 ; 4 [18.2%] @entity397 descending thoracic @entity439 ; 4 [18.2%] complicated type B dissection; 2 [9.1%] penetrating aortic @entity1066 ; and 1 [4.5%] aortoenteric @entity292 ). Overall, 72.7% (n = 16) were male with a mean age of 54.8    15.9  years. Nineteen @entity1 (86.4%) required only a single TEVAR procedure, whereas 2 (9.1%) required additional endovascular therapy, and 1 (4.5%) open thoracotomy. Four traumatic @entity130 @entity1 required exploratory laparotomy for concomitant intra-abdominal injuries. During a mean hospital length of stay of 18.9  days (range, 1 to 76  days), 3 @entity1 (13.6%) developed major complications. In-hospital mortality was 27.2%, consisting of 6 @entity204 from @entity131 (1); exsanguination in the operating room before repair could be achieved (2); @entity63 (1) and @entity881 (1); and family withdrawal of care (1). A stepwise logistic regression model identified 24-hour packed red blood cell requirements >= 4 units, admission mean arterial pressure <60  mm Hg, and 24-hour fresh frozen plasma to packed red blood cell (pRBC) ratio <1:1.5 as independent risk factors for @entity204 in this cohort. During a mean follow-up of 369  days (range, 35 to 957  days), no subsequent major complications or @entity204 occurred. All @entity1 underwent serial computed tomographic angiography surveillance, and no device-related problems were identified during intermediate follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracic aortic emergencies remain challenging. Our experience in a moderate-volume center supports the utilization of TEVAR in the acute setting. Twenty-four-hour pRBC requirements >= 4 units, admission mean arterial pressure <60  mm Hg, and 24  hour fresh frozen plasma to pRBC ratio <1:1.5 were independently associated with @entity204 .

title: Outcomes of endovascular management of acute thoracic aortic emergencies in an academic level 1 XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['bowel ischemia']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem organ failure']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic ulcer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: We performed screening polysomnography on 86 inpatients with @entity1316 and found that 13 (15.1 per cent) had @entity387 and one had nocturnal @entity2045 . The @entity386 tended to be extremely mild, with an average of 27.8 episodes per @entity1 and with a mean duration of 15.0 seconds. No clinically significant cardiac @entity943 accompanied the @entity386 . The @entity386 was predominantly obstructive or mixed, not central. Only four @entity1 (4.7 per cent) had @entity386 indices greater than five, and even here the total @entity386 was considered mild. Much of the @entity386 (68.3 per cent) occurred during @entity11755 . While there was no association of @entity386 with gender or with @entity25 , a significant relationship with age emerged. On the basis of these data, we suggest that routine polysomnographic screening for @entity387 and nocturnal @entity2045 in @entity1316 is not indicated. On occasion, however, both an @entity1316 and a @entity387 co-exist in the same @entity1 . In such cases, the sleep-wake complaint is usually very prominent and/or long-standing in relation to other psychopathology and requires appropriate polysomnographic evaluation.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and nocturnal @entity2045 in major @entity1316 : clinical and polysomnographic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-apnea syndrome', 'sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders', 'affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['rapid eye movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['type of sleep-wake complaint']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: AIM: To differentiate focal @entity409 based on enhancement patterns using three-dimensional ultrasonography (3D US) with @entity1584 -based contrast agent. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty two @entity1 with focal @entity409 , including 168 @entity157 ( @entity157 ), 63 @entity3 , 40 @entity2695 and 11 @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ), were examined by 3D US with @entity1584 -based contrast agent. Tomographic ultrasound images and sonographic angiograms were reconstructed. Among 282 lesions, enhancement patterns of 163 lesions between January 2007 and October 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Then from November 2007 to May 2008, compared with contrast-enhanced (CE) 2D US, CE 3D US was performed on 119 lesions for prospective differential diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, area under receiver operating characteristic curve (A(z)) and inter-reader agreement were assessed. RESULTS: With the tridimensional view, dominant enhancement patterns were revealed as diffuse enhancement or peripheral ring-like enhancement, followed with washout change for @entity157 or @entity3 , respectively, and peripheral nodular enhancement or diffuse enhancement with spoke-wheel arteries, followed by persistent enhancement for @entity2695 or @entity4383 , respectively. At CE 3D US, the prospective differentiation of lesions showed sensitivity 92% (mean for two readers), specificity 91% and A(z) value 0.95 for @entity157 , 84%, 97%, and 0.95 for @entity3 , 91%, 98%, and 0.98 for @entity2695 and 80%, 99%, and 0.99 for @entity4383 , respectively, while good to excellent inter-reader agreement was achieved. No significant difference exists between prospective diagnosis accuracy at CE 3D US and that at CE 2D US. CONCLUSION: CE 3D US provides a spatial perspective for @entity96 enhancement, and could help in differentiating focal @entity409 .

title: Differentiation of focal XXXX using three-dimensional ultrasonography: retrospective and prospective studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1584 :: ('MESH:C108042', 'Chemical') :: ['perflubutane']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['focal nodular hyperplasias', 'FNHs']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCCs', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver lesions']


abstract: Thirty cases of @entity19967 with unusual microscopic features are described. They occurred in @entity1 23 to 71 (average 49) years of age. Most of the @entity1 had the usual symptoms and signs of an @entity4134 . Three @entity1 had @entity843 and two had @entity18711 . The @entity5 , all unilateral and confined to the ovary, ranged from 4 to 25 (average 12) cm in greatest dimension. They were typically predominantly solid and red-brown but cysts were present within foci of @entity2621 in several cases; an associated @entity48 was noted grossly in nine cases. Microscopic examination showed a prominent diffuse pattern in 21 cases, prominent microfollicles imparting in many cases a pseudotubular appearance in 20 cases, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm in nine cases, and abundant clear cytoplasm in four cases. A contiguous @entity48 which had not been recognized on gross examination was documented in five cases. The typical paucity of thyroid follicles in cellular areas of these @entity5 often caused either a failure to consider a diagnosis of @entity19967 or led to serious consideration of other diagnoses. Clues to the correct diagnosis were the presence of rare typical thyroid follicles in foci that were predominantly diffuse or pseudotubular, the presence of larger areas of typical @entity2621 in 22 cases, and the association with a @entity48 in 14 cases. Immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin confirmed the nature of the @entity5 in all five cases in which it was performed. The diagnosis of @entity2621 should be entertained when one is examining an @entity43 with solid or pseudotubular patterns or a content of oxyphilic or clear cells. A careful search for thyroid follicles should be undertaken to establish the diagnosis and immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin performed to confirm it in problematic cases.

title: @entity2621 ovarii simulating XXXX of other types. A report of 30 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19967 :: ('MESH:D013330', 'Disease') :: ['struma ovarii']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal mass']

entities_list: @entity18711 :: ('MESH:D008538', 'Disease') :: ["Meigs' syndrome"]

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: The role played by @entity4090 in @entity1 @entity0 is still obscure. Several observations, however, demonstrated that antitumor therapies for @entity0 are associated with changes in @entity4090 secretion, clinical significance of which remains to be determined. The present investigation was carried out to further clarify the effects of mastectomy on @entity4090 levels in @entity0 @entity1 . The study included 34 @entity1 at clinical stage T1-2N0-2M0 treated with radical mastectomy. In each @entity1 , venous blood samples were drawn before, and 15 days, 1 month, 45 days, 2 months and 3 months after surgery to determine @entity4090 serum levels. As controls, 14 @entity1 surgically treated for reasons other than @entity5 were included in the study. Mastectomy was followed by @entity4089 in 18 of the 34 cases (52.9%). @entity4090 remained elevated for at least 1 month, and it became normal within 2 months. On the contrary, no @entity4090 increase was seen in controls. Among @entity0 @entity1 , @entity4090 increase was irrespective of the type of surgery, the histology of the @entity5 and the menopausal status. In contrast, @entity4090 increase was significantly higher in @entity1 without node involvement and with negative hormonal receptors, with respect to that observed in cases with node involvement and positive receptors, respectively. The mechanisms by which mastectomy induces enhanced @entity4090 secretion are still obscure. They might depend, however, on changes in feed-back systems operating in the regulation of @entity4090 secretion, due to the removal of a target organ for @entity4090 itself. Longitudinal studies, by evaluating the percentage of relapse either in @entity1 with surgery-induced @entity4089 or in those with normal hormonal values, will be needed to clarify the prognostic significance of the enhanced @entity4090 secretion induced by mastectomy.

title: Effects of radical mastectomy on prolactin blood levels in XXXX with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: With these recommendations the authors want to improve the acute therapy of @entity11350 based on the literature and clinical experience. Due to the lack of studies with high evidential value we base these recommendations on the results of experimental work and reports of successfully treated @entity11350 . A development of this document by systematic research is necessary. Despite the limited knowledge, the collated facts are the current state of the art of treatment according to the knowledge and research of the authors. The most important clinical recommendation is to rinse a chemically or thermally burnt eye as soon and as extensively as possible. Any delay worsens the prognosis. Substances on the market for first aid have different levels of clinical evidence. Thus saline and amphoteric @entity11351 have been evaluated in a prospective clinical study showing an advantage for the amphoter. Water, @entity19131 buffer, @entity1391 buffers and derivatives have never been proven to work in clinical applications. Nevertheless, they are recommended. Within experimental work in vitro we could show the value of polyvalent decontamination. Side-effects of @entity1391 buffers have been demonstrated in retrospective clinical and prospective experimental studies so that even in cases of beneficial effects on pH we cannot recommend these substances which propagate @entity730 . Special types of burns, such as @entity14039 need special treatment but as clinical studies are lacking only experimental data can offer suitable recommendations.

title: [Recommendations for acute treatment for XXXX and lids].

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['corneal calcification']

entities_list: @entity14039 :: ('MESH:D006858', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrofluoric acid']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity11351 :: ('MESH:C472007', 'Chemical') :: ['diphoterine']

answer: @entity11350 :: (MESH:D005126,Disease) :: ['chemical and thermal burns of eyes']


abstract: 1. @entity208 usage in 50 @entity1 of a city teaching hospital was surveyed. 2. The plasma concentrations of @entity6652 and @entity414 and the urinary production of @entity414 were examined. 3. The daily doses of @entity208 ranged from 50 to 1200 mg but 83% of @entity1 were taking 300 mg daily. 4. A wide range of plasma @entity6652 concentrations was observed from 2.8 to 55.8 mg l-1 with a mean +/- s.d. of 15.2 +/- 11.7 mg l-1. 5. The population studied included a high proportion of @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity1011 clearance was a significant determinant of @entity6652 concentrations (P less than 0.005). 6. There was no significant correlation between plasma urate and plasma @entity6652 concentrations and only a few plasma urates were above the upper limit of the reference range of the laboratory. 7. It was apparent that many @entity1 were taking unnecessarily high daily doses of @entity208 and that renal status was not always considered when deciding dosage regimens of @entity208 .

title: @entity208 dosage selection: relationships between dose and plasma XXXX and urate concentrations and urinary urate excretion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity6652 :: ('MESH:D010117', 'Chemical') :: ['oxipurinol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity6652 :: (MESH:D010117,Chemical) :: ['oxipurinol']


abstract: @entity2253 ( @entity2253 ) is a reactive @entity79 that occurs mainly in the jaws. The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a benign locally aggressive @entity5 located near the articular end of tubular bones. Both lesions are characterised histologically by multinucleated giant cells in a background of ovoid to spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells. There is a basic question whether both lesions are separate entities or variants of the same disease. The study of cell cycle-associated proteins may give insights into clarifying such question. The expression of these proteins is also important to determine the cell cycle regulation in both @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of @entity876 , @entity7465 , Ki-67 and @entity1364 in @entity2253 and @entity5 . The results demonstrated that, despite the lack of @entity876 immunoreactivity, all the samples showed wide expression of @entity7465 . The percentage of Ki-67- and @entity1364 -positive cells in @entity2253 was statistically higher than that of @entity5 Our findings show that @entity2253 has a higher proliferative activity compared with that of the @entity5 . Our results also suggest that @entity876 inactivation by @entity7465 expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity89 .

title: Immunohistochemical expression of @entity876 , XXXX , Ki-67 and @entity1364 in @entity2253 and giant cell tumor.

entities_list: @entity2253 :: ('MESH:D006101', 'Disease') :: ['CGCG', 'Central giant cell granuloma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumour', 'GCT', 'tumours', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell lesions of the jaws and long bones']

answer: @entity7465 :: (4193,Gene) :: ['MDM2']


abstract: In this article we presented the therapeutical modalities available nowadays for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ), based on a wide search in the literature. To date, due to the developments in liver surgery, anesteziology and intensive care therapy, chemotherapy, interventional radiology and radiationtherapy, the treatment of @entity14 is multimodal. These advances led to a changing of the definition of the resectability, in present, resectability being defined by the quality and volume of the functional liver remnant after hepatectomy. In the last years, the timing of liver resection was recconsidered, hepatectomy being suitable (especially in @entity1 with multiple @entity14 ) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and in @entity1 with synchronous @entity14 , resection of the @entity5 and liver @entity3 is reccomended to be performed simultaneously whenever this approach is safe and allows a complete resection of the tumoral tissue. Presence of the extrahepatic colorectal @entity3 do not represent a contraindication to liver resection, as long as complete removal of the @entity3 is possible. Conversion to resectability was possible for about 30% of the @entity1 with initially unresectable @entity14 , using several therapeutical strategies, giving the chance of a long-term survival to these @entity1 . Liver re-resection is the treatment of choice for @entity1 with recurrent liver @entity3 , survival rates being similar to those achieved after the first liver resection. Hyperthermic ablation is recommended in @entity1 whose @entity14 could not be resected, but the results seem to be inferior to those achieved by liver resection. CONCLUSIONS: In present, the treatment of @entity14 is multimodal, involving the surgeon, oncologist, radiotherapist and radiologist. Taking into account the great variability of the @entity1 and the multiple therapeutical possibilities, the treatment should be taylored to each @entity1 .

title: [Hepatic metastasis of XXXX --current therapeutic possibilities].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRLM', 'colorectal liver metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Difficulties in showing the biologic activity of @entity1346 in vitro have contributed to the controversy over effects of @entity1346 mammary implants in vivo. We adapted a standard lymphocyte stimulation test to detect evidence of cellular immunity in @entity1 with @entity1346 gel implants. Initially, lymphocytes were harvested from 70 implant @entity1 , 76 normal controls without implants or symptoms, and 18 @entity1 with classic @entity627 and without a history of @entity1346 implants. The harvested lymphocytes were stimulated with PWM, @entity8990 , Con A, and pharmaceutical grade colloidal @entity3440 ( @entity3440 ). Implant @entity1 showed increased SI compared to controls and those with @entity627 . The mean SI of implant @entity1 was 195.0 +/- 19.3, 18-fold that of normal controls (< 0.0001). @entity1 with @entity627 showed the same SI as controls (P = 0.3577). A follow-up study included 220 normal controls without implants, 942 @entity1346 gel implant @entity1 with demonstrable rheumatic symptoms, and 34 implant @entity1 without symptoms at the time of the study. The average SI for the 220 normal controls was 10.0 +/- 0.41. Among the symptomatic implant @entity1 , 860 (91.3%) had SI significantly above those of the normal controls. Of these, 171 (18.2%) had SI between 25 and 50, 316 (33.5%) had SI between 50 and 100, and 373 (39.6%) had SI over 100. The data presented confirms that @entity1346 implant @entity1 respond immunologically to the @entity3440 contained in mammary prostheses.

title: Immunologic stimulation of T lymphocytes by @entity3440 after use of XXXX mammary implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease', 'rheumatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone', 'silicones']

entities_list: @entity3440 :: ('MESH:D012822', 'Chemical') :: ['silica', 'silicon dioxide']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether distinct single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the @entity3264 receptor ionotropic @entity3391 1 gene ( @entity6806 ) are associated with @entity3391 receptor (NMDAR) @entity198 and whether these same variants are associated with variability in the clinical presentation and course of affected @entity1 . METHODS: We performed clinical follow-up on 48 @entity1 with NMDAR @entity198 and NMDAR autoantibodies detected in serum or CSF. All RefSeq @entity6806 coding exons were sequenced in 39 Caucasian-European @entity1 , and the frequencies of SNPs were compared with those of an ethnically similar population using a case-control study design. Predetermined clinical variables were compared between @entity1 with and without identified SNPs. RESULTS: Two SNPs were identified in @entity6806 : 24 (62%) Caucasian-European @entity1 with NMDAR @entity198 had alternate alleles at both @entity6807 (exon 6) and @entity6808 (exon 7; exon numbering according to NM_001185090). The SNPs were in complete linkage disequilibrium. The frequency of these variants did not differ between @entity1 with NMDAR @entity198 and ethnically matched individuals in the general population. No differences in clinical presentation, measures of disease severity, clinical course, or outcomes were observed between @entity1 with different genotypes at these SNPs. CONCLUSION: Disease susceptibility or course in @entity1 with NMDAR @entity198 was not strongly affected by SNPs in @entity6806 . This study provides an estimate of the frequency of SNPs in @entity6806 in @entity1 with NMDAR @entity198 and emphasizes the need for multisite collaborative studies enrolling larger numbers of @entity1 to identify the genetic contributions to NMDAR @entity198 .

title: @entity6806 polymorphisms do not affect susceptibility or phenotype in @entity3391 receptor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity7787 resulting from the digestion of ingested @entity3363 are @entity413 , @entity948 , and @entity3649 . Of these three @entity7787 , only ingested @entity413 resulted in a large increase in the plasma @entity413 concentration. @entity948 (Metabolism 41:510-517, 1992) and @entity3649 (Metabolism 42:1560-1567, 1993) had only a minor effect. Therefore, we were interested in determining whether we could design a mixed meal, using foods of known @entity9928 , disaccharide, and starch composition, the ingestion of which would result in only a small rise in plasma @entity413 concentration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The experimental meal was composed of very little readily digestible starch but rather large amounts of fruits and vegetables. It contained 43% @entity1735 , 22% protein, and 34% fat. The results were compared with a second type of meal that contained 55% @entity1735 , 15% protein, and 30% fat, with an emphasis on complex @entity3363 (starch). It also was compared with a third meal that contained 40% @entity1735 , 20% protein, and 40% fat, typical of that consumed by the average American. The test meals were ingested in random order by @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 who were not treated with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin. Each subject ingested each type of meal. The same identical meal was ingested at 0800, 1200, and 1700. RESULTS: The integrated 24-h plasma @entity413 area response was statistically significantly smaller (P < 0.05) after ingestion of the low-starch meals compared with the high-starch, high- @entity1735 meals or the typical American meals. The 24-h integrated serum insulin area response also was statistically significantly less (P < 0.05) after ingestion of the low-starch meals compared with the high-starch meals or the typical American meals. The serum @entity412 area response was similar after ingestion of all three test diets. CONCLUSIONS: A diet in which fruits, nonstarch vegetables, and dairy products are emphasized may be useful for @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 .

title: Acute metabolic response to high- XXXX , high-starch meals compared with moderate- @entity1735 , low-starch meals in subjects with type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7787 :: ('MESH:D009005', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharides']

entities_list: @entity9928 :: ('CHEBI:35381', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose', 'Fructose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: High-dose @entity109 (PB) therapy is effective for refractory @entity159 . We reviewed medical records of @entity1 with intractable partial @entity302 on whom performed non-intravenous high-dose PB therapy. Thirteen @entity1 received PB rectally or orally at a dosage of 20-30mg/kg/day initially, and the PB dosage was gradually reduced to a maintenance dosage of 5-10mg/kg/day orally. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of this procedure after 14days at the maintenance dosage level. Twelve @entity1 had partial @entity410 and one had secondary generalized @entity410 . In six of 13 @entity1 (46%), @entity410 frequencies decreased more than 50%, and two of 13 @entity1 (15%) became @entity410 free. In five of seven @entity1 who were treated by continuous @entity1363 infusion therapy, we were able to discontinue the @entity1363 therapy. Adverse effects were found in seven of 13 @entity1 . We were able to continue high-dose PB therapy in six @entity1 because their adverse effects were transient and improved after a decrease in PB concentration, but we discontinued this therapy in the @entity1 who developed @entity6715 . @entity1576 and @entity551 were not found in our study. We conclude that high-dose PB therapy is effective and may be considered as an additional treatment for intractable @entity302 in childhood.

title: Effectiveness and safety of non-intravenous high-dose phenobarbital therapy for intractable XXXX during childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although the regional lymph node status is essential for staging of @entity14 , the importance of the total number of collected nodes remains controversial. Our aim was to examine the impact of the metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR) on the survival of @entity1 with @entity14 . METHODS: All @entity1 with Dukes C histology were selected from a prospectively collected database of all @entity14 resected between 1997 and 2007 at our institution. Demographic, histopathological and adjuvant treatment data were collected. The total number of positive lymph nodes was divided by the total number of lymph nodes examined to calculate the LNR. @entity1 were categorised into LNR groups 1 to 5 according to cut-off points:  <=0.1, 0.21, 0.36, 0.6 and >= 0.61. Survival from the date of operation was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify those factors influencing survival. RESULTS: Of 1,098 @entity1 who underwent @entity14 resections, 41% were staged as Dukes C. Sixty-four percent of @entity1 received chemotherapy. The median number of lymph nodes harvested and positive for @entity5 were 11 (range 1-52) and 4 (range 1-28), respectively. In @entity1 who received chemotherapy, 5-year survival was 69.3% for LNR 1 and 23.6% for LNR 5. When no chemotherapy was given, the 5-year survival was 43.1% for LNR 1 and 8.7% for LNR 5. CONCLUSIONS: Current evaluation of positive lymph nodes may not accurately stage @entity14 . The assessment of the LNR is a useful prognostic method in this heterogenous group of @entity1 .

title: XXXX : is the metastatic lymph node ratio important?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'Dukes C colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Dukes C colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) plays an important role in mesoderm patterning in @entity1238 . The ectopic expression of @entity10059 protein hyperventralizes embryos, whereas embryos expressing a BMP-2/4 dominant-negative receptor (DNR) are hyperdorsalized. Mesoderm is initially induced in the marginal zone by cells in the underlying vegetal pole. While much is known about BMP's expression and role in patterning the marginal zone, little is known about its early role in regulating vegetal mesoderm induction centre formation. RESULTS: The role of BMP in regulating formation of vegetal mesoderm inducing centres during early @entity1238 development was examined. Ectopic @entity10059 expression in vegetal pole cells inhibited dorsal mesoderm induction but increased ventral mesoderm induction when recombined with animal cap ectoderm in Nieuwkoop explants. 32-cell embryos injected with @entity10059 RNA in the most vegetal blastomere tier were not hyperdorsalized by @entity4113 treatment. The ectopic expression of Smad or @entity10060 proteins in the vegetal pole also inhibited dorsal mesoderm induction in explants and embryos. Expression of the @entity10061 DNR in the vegetal pole increased dorsal mesoderm induction and inhibited ventral mesoderm induction in explants and embryos. CONCLUSIONS: These results support a role for BMP signalling in regulating ventral vegetal and dorsal vegetal mesoderm induction centre formation during early @entity1238 development.

title: BMP regulates vegetal pole induction centres in early XXXX development.

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['xenopus']


abstract: FIDA-2 (R-(+)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-iodo-N-[(1-4'-fluorobenzyl)-2-pyrrolidinyl) methyl] benzamide) is a simultaneously fluorinated and iodinated D2/D3 @entity935 receptor antagonist. The purpose of this study was to measure its biodistribution and radiation dosimetry in @entity1 . METHODS: Whole-body emission scans were sequentially acquired in eight healthy volunteers 24-43 hr after the intravenous administration of 101-150 MBq 123I FIDA-2. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on the initial set of conjugate emission images and transposed as a single set onto all the other scans without manipulating any of the regions for solid organs independently. The counts in each ROI were corrected for attenuation with transmission scans and compared to the net counts in images of the injection syringe containing the administered dose. The radiation doses were estimated with the MIRD formalism from the residence times for both the @entity8984 - and 123I-labeled ligands. RESULTS: There were no subjective or objective pharmacological effects of the tracer on any of the subjects. The findings showed that the dose-limiting organ for the 123I-labeled product was the thyroid gland in this sample. If the @entity8984 -labeled product had been used, then the urinary bladder would have received 0.086 mGy/MBq (0.32 rads/mCi) and become the dose-limiting organ. The effective dose equivalents were 0.025 @entity2073 /MBq (0.092 rem/mCi) for both the 123I- and the @entity8984 -labeled versions of the tracer. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that FIDA-2 can be used to produce relatively high contrast images of the D2/D3 dopaminergic system with substantially less than the maximum allowable radiation dose for research volunteers.

title: Dosimetry of a D2/D3 XXXX receptor antagonist that can be used with PET or SPECT.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The absence of reactivity on routinely prepared tissue sections has hampered the use of monoclonal antileukocyte antibodies in diagnostic histopathology. Here we describe five new antibodies reactive with leukocyte subsets in @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue sections. Antibody @entity4911 is reactive with mature and immature T cells and not with mature B cells. @entity13498 is reactive with mature T cells and B cells, but not with immature T cells, activated T cells, and germinal center B cells. Antibody @entity7571 is reactive with all B cells, with about 50% of mature T cells, and not with immature T cells. MB2 is reactive with all B cells and not with T cells. However, @entity16633 also stains endothelial cells and several types of epithelial cells. @entity16634 is reactive with B cells and histiocytes, but not with T cells. The antibodies were tested on a series of @entity706 that were also immunophenotyped with a panel of well-established reagents on frozen tissue sections. The results indicate that the MB and MT antibodies are useful tools in the study of reactive and neoplastic disorders of the lymphoid system.

title: Monoclonal antibodies ( @entity4911 , XXXX , @entity7571 , MB2, @entity16634 ) reactive with leukocyte subsets in paraffin-embedded tissue sections.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity13498 :: (4502,Gene) :: ['MT2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an apparent link between thrombogenesis and @entity32 . We hypothesized that systemic @entity32 [as indicated by @entity1851 ( @entity1851 )] would be related to the presence of left atrial (LA) @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the relationship between @entity1851 and LA @entity715 in @entity1 with non-rheumatic @entity955 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Between October 2004 and December 2008, 190 @entity1 with non-rheumatic @entity955 (122 males, age 71+/-10 years) who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were enrolled and analyzed. All @entity1 were examined for presence or absence of LA @entity715 by TEE. @entity1851 was measured within 1 week before the TEE examination. LA @entity715 was detected in 19 @entity1 (10%). @entity101 , @entity101 ( @entity101 ), @entity340 , @entity1396 , and @entity1851 were univariate correlates of LA @entity715 . By multivariate analysis, @entity101 (p<0.01), @entity1396 (p=0.01), and @entity1851 (p=0.03) were independently associated with LA @entity715 . A cut-off @entity1851 value for identifying LA @entity715 was 0.21mg/dl (sensitivity: 84%, specificity: 60%, positive predictive value: 19%, and negative predictive value: 97%). CONCLUSION: A high @entity1851 is related to LA @entity715 in @entity1 with non-rheumatic @entity955 .

title: Systemic @entity32 and left @entity715 in @entity1 with non-rheumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease', 'HHD', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: We have previously shown that inhaled @entity3045 further increases the bronchodilator response after the maximum effect of @entity2544 has been obtained in @entity1 with severe chronic @entity3617 . We now report the results of adding maximally effective doses of @entity2544 to the maximum response obtainable from @entity3045 in ten of these @entity1 . We constructed dose response curves to ensure maximum possible effect from @entity3045 . Response plateaus (in nine out of ten @entity1 ) were achieved with cumulative doses of between 200 micrograms and 3,000 micrograms @entity3045 and there was a significant response (p less than 0.05) in every subject: the mean FVC response was 1.11 (ranging from 0.5 to 1.81) and the mean FEV1 response was 0.41 (ranging from 0.1 to 0.81). @entity2544 , in their previously determined maximally effective doses, produced statistically significant (p less than 0.05) small further increases in both FVC (0.2 to 0.61) and FEV (0.1 to 0.61) in four @entity1 only. The other six did not respond. In @entity1 classified as chronic bronchitics there is clearly a wide variation in response to bronchodilators and a surprising degree of reversibility can be achieved. But because of this variation in response, conventional drug doses may be too small in some cases. Ideally, each bronchodilator should be prescribed after some form of individual dose response studies. Although this acute study shows little or no benefit in the height of the bronchodilator response the usefulness of this combination can only really be decided after similar studies including the duration of effect in long term administration.

title: The influence of @entity2544 on maximal response to XXXX in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline', 'Theophylline']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['salbutamol']


abstract: Six @entity1 @entity5 cell lines [five @entity1082 ) positive, one HPV negative] for induction and rejoining of DNA strand breaks and for kinetics of formation and loss of @entity563 139 phosphorylated histone @entity6714 (gammaH2AX). X-rays induced the same level of DNA breakage for all cell lines. By 8 hours after 20 Gy, <2% of the initial single-strand breaks remained and no double-strand breaks could be detected. In contrast, 24 hours after irradiation, gammaH2AX representing up to 30% of the initial signal still present. @entity1 cells showed almost four times higher background levels of gammaH2AX and no residual gammaH2AX compared with the most radiosensitive HPV-negative @entity1 cells that showed the lowest background and retained 30% of the maximum level of gammaH2AX. Radiation sensitivity, measured as clonogenic-surviving fraction after 2 Gy, was correlated with the fraction of gammaH2AX remaining 24 hours after irradiation. A substantial correlation with gammaH2AX loss half-time measured over the first 4 hours was seen only when cervical cell lines were included in a larger series of @entity876 -deficient cell lines. Interestingly, @entity876 wild-type cell lines consistently showed faster gammaH2AX loss half-times than @entity876 -deficient cell lines. We conclude that cell line-dependent differences in loss of gammaH2AX after irradiation are related in part to intrinsic radiosensitivity. The possibility that the presence of gammaH2AX foci may not always signify the presence of a physical break, notably in some @entity5 cell lines, is also supported by these results.

title: Radiation sensitivity, @entity6714 phosphorylation, and kinetics of repair of DNA strand breaks in XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['irradiated cervical cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the rate of recanalization and the efficacy of @entity432 surgery with a high heat-energy-releasing cautery device in @entity1 with severe @entity2194 and recurrent punctal plug extrusion. DESIGN: Prospective, interventional case series. METHODS: Seventy puncta from 44 eyes of 28 @entity936 @entity1 underwent @entity432 with thermal cautery. All @entity1 had a history of recurrent punctal plug extrusion. A high heat-energy-releasing thermal cautery device (Optemp II V; Alcon Japan) was used for @entity432 surgery. Symptom scores, best-corrected visual acuity, @entity941 staining score, rose bengal staining score, tear film break-up time, and Schirmer test values were compared before and 3 months after the surgery. Rate of punctal recanalization also was examined. RESULTS: Three months after surgical cauterization, symptom score decreased from 3.9    0.23 to 0.56    0.84 (P < .0001). Logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.11    0.30 to 0.013    0.22 (P = .003). @entity941 staining score, rose bengal staining score, tear film break-up time, and the Schirmer test value also improved significantly after the surgery. Only 1 of 70 puncta recanalized after thermal cauterization (1.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Punctal occlusion with the high heat-energy-releasing cautery device not only was associated with a low recanalization rate, but also with improvements in ocular surface wetness and better visual acuity.

title: Surgical @entity432 with a high heat-energy releasing cautery device for severe XXXX with recurrent punctal plug extrusion.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['punctal occlusion']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['dry eye']


abstract: @entity1269 is commonly considered as one of the "typical" @entity8987 . Using the prospective @entity64 registries from Lausanne and Besan  on, 100 @entity1 were selected consecutively (73% @entity1 , 27% @entity1 ; age 64.7 (SD 13.6) years) with a first @entity64 and @entity1269 ( @entity1269 or pyramidal signs and @entity2055 without sensory loss). Brain CT or MRI was performed on all @entity1 . A primary @entity548 was present in 5%, an @entity1188 in 72%, @entity10334 in 9%, and no apparent abnormality in 14%. The locations of lesions were the internal capsule (39%), pons (19%), thalamus (13%), corona radiata (13%), lentiform nucleus (8%), cerebellum (superior cerebellar artery territory) (4%), and frontal cortex (anterior cerebral artery territory) (4%). The clinical features of @entity1269 with different locations were almost identical. Only minor associated signs allowed the localisation of the lesions (paraesthesiae with a lesion in the thalamus; @entity346 or @entity4653 with a cerebellar or pontine location). Crural paresis with @entity2055 was seen only with @entity75 . Presumed @entity101 was not always found, but was still the leading cause of @entity64 , being present in 59% of the @entity1 and in 62% of those with small deep @entity1188 . A potential source of @entity887 (arterial or cardiac) was found in one fourth of the @entity1 . Therefore no definite association can be made between @entity1269 and @entity1188 . In particular, so called uncommon lesion locations may not be rare. After extensive investigations a diagnosis of @entity1188 can be retained in only slightly more than half of the cases.

title: Vascular XXXX : a re-evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive small artery disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['ataxic hemiparesis', 'Ataxic hemiparesis', 'hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cortical paramedian frontal lesions']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarct', 'lacunar infarction', 'infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['isolated leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity8987 :: ('MESH:D059409', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar syndromes']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['homolateral ataxia', 'ipsilateral incoordination']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['ataxic hemiparesis']


abstract: Data obtained from transcutaneously measured @entity4095 (tcPO2) were taken as an indication for a decreased @entity26 supply to the skin in @entity1 with @entity4096 III. Direct (invasive) measurements in LDS have not yet been performed. We therefore measured the intracutaneous @entity4095 (icPO2) in healthy skin and LDS (8 healthy volunteers and 18 @entity1 with CVI III) with needle probes (250 microns tip diameter). The icPO2 values were compared with data of tcPO2 (37 degrees C and 44 degrees C electrode temperature). In healthy skin the mean icPO2 was about 50 mmHg and no steep @entity4095 gradients were found. In LDS ( @entity1066 edge) mean @entity4095 values were lower than in healthy skin, however, no @entity519 or @entity519 was observed. At the same site most tcPO2 (44 degrees C) values were between 0 and 5 mmHg. The mean icPO2 values from @entity1066 edges of different @entity1 ranged from 6 mmHg to 42 mmHg (mean 22 mmHg). In LDS very different @entity4095 profiles were seen. There was no correlation between tcPO2 and icPO2 data. Our present results may suggest that @entity272 in @entity1 with CVI is not necessary associated with @entity519 .

title: Differences between intracutaneous and transcutaneous skin XXXX tension in @entity4096 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin damage']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']