abstract: The hemodynamic responses of the sympathetic nervous system to the Valsalva maneuver were related to changes in circulating levels of @entity2661 , @entity1369 and plasma @entity916 activity. Fourteen healthy normotensives (aged 27 +/- 8 years) took part. A catheter was inserted in the forearm then the subject was rested quietly (supine) for 30 mins. The Valsalva maneuver was performed (duration 40 s, intrathoracic pressure 40 mmHg) with continuous recording of supine heart rate. Blood was sampled before the maneuver (basal state) and at the bradycardic post maneuver phase for measurement of plasma @entity1063 , @entity1425 , @entity916 activity and @entity1369 . In six subjects the procedure was repeated for durations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 s with a 30-min rest between each maneuver. Plasma @entity2661 increased consistently (P less than 0.001) from pre- to post bradycardic phases of the maneuver. No changes in plasma @entity916 activity or @entity1369 were observed. The maximum @entity591 observed during each maneuver and the increments in @entity2922 concentrations were each linearly related to the duration of straining but there was no overall correlation between the @entity591 and @entity2922 concentrations. In conclusion under controlled conditions, plasma @entity2922 concentrations can be useful indices of the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system; the Valsalva maneuver does not appear to affect significantly the peripheral @entity916 -angiotensin system; and the heart rate response to the Valsalva maneuver does not appear to be mediated solely by the sympathetic nervous system.

title: Can plasma XXXX levels be a useful index of sympathetic nervous system activity?

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical course of peritoneal and parietal recurrence of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is not well known. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with a histologically proven @entity157 were analyzed out of a series of 515 @entity1 operated for @entity157 (group 1). The risk factors, histological features, growing dynamic and results of surgical treatment were analyzed and compared with @entity1 having other extrahepatic localizations of @entity157 (group 2; 26 @entity1 ). Survival data were also compared with @entity1 with intrahepatic-only recurrence (group 3; 211 @entity1 ). RESULTS: In group 1, a needle tract injury was present in 57.1% and a previous spontaneous @entity397 in 14.3% of cases. Parietal seeding was generally single, while peritoneal seeding was frequently multiple. Grading was poor in 84.7%, microvascular infiltration was observed in 57.1% and a rapid growth in 55.5% of cases. In Group 2, only 4 out of 26 @entity1 underwent surgery. Survival was significantly better in group 3 than in group 1, and in group 1 than in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Extrahepatic @entity157 recurrence is related to an aggressive biology of the @entity5 ; many characteristics of high @entity5 are usually present in these cases. After radical surgery for @entity157 , an acceptable survival may be obtained.

title: Parietal and peritoneal localizations of XXXX : is there a place for a curative surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'HCC-PPL', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Membrane currents induced by @entity2951 (CAPS) in cultured sensory neurons from 1- to 2-day-old @entity35 were studied. Responses to CAPS (10 microM) exceeding 1 nA at -50 mV were found in smaller, usually bipolar or tripolar neurons in which @entity1246 (30 microM) induced small or no response. Large, unipolar neurons, which exhibited large responses to @entity1246 , were completely insensitive to CAPS (10 microM). In contrast to @entity1246 , responses to CAPS exhibited a slow rise and slow decay and a marked tachyphylaxis after repeated CAPS applications at high concentrations which made it difficult to study the concentration-response relationship. In partially run-down neurons, which exhibited quasi stable responses, the slope of the ascending phase was concentration-dependent with an apparent association rate constant K1 9 x 10(4) [M-1s-1]. The time constant of the decay was 3.5 s, and was concentration-independent. However, in 5 neurones the EC50 measured from the first series of CAPS applications at increasing concentrations was 0.31 +/- 0.5 microM with a Hill coefficient 1.66 +/- 0.35. The responses to CAPS reversed at +10.4 +/- 2.5 mV suggesting that the current is carried nonselectively by monovalent cations and @entity141 . The channel conductance of CAPS-gated channels at -50 mV calculated from the mean membrane current and variance of the current noise in outside-out patches or measured directly was 28 pS (n = 5). It is suggested that the CAPS-gated channels are either controlled by receptors with a very high affinity or that the channels are controlled by membrane-bound protein(s) which do not depend in their function on the supply of @entity3007 or other intracellular metabolites.

title: @entity2951 -induced membrane currents in cultured sensory neurons of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Elevated plasma lipid concentrations and increased platelet activation are risk factors in the development of @entity731 . Nine @entity1 with @entity6340 and nine @entity1 with @entity3295 were given soya lecithin, 12 g/day, for 3 months. Plasma @entity165 and @entity1674 were reduced by 15 and 23%, respectively, and HDL- @entity165 increased by 16% in the @entity753 @entity1 . Platelet function was unchanged. In the @entity6308 @entity1 , total @entity165 fell by 18%, @entity1674 by 36%, and HDL- @entity165 increased by 14%. There was a 27% reduction in @entity1423 (P less than 0.01). Seventeen @entity6308 @entity1 then received increasing doses of soya lecithin for 1-month periods (6, 12, and 18 g/day). The optimal lipoprotein-lowering effect was achieved with a daily dose of 12 g soya lecithin per day. Both low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein levels were reduced, and HDL- @entity165 and apolipoprotein levels were reduced, and HDL- @entity165 and @entity1675 concentrations were increased. Platelet aggregation in response to collagen and @entity857 was significantly reduced, parallel with the reduction in @entity412 level. Soya lecithin supplementing the diet may be useful in the management of the @entity6308 @entity1 .

title: Dietary soya lecithin decreases plasma XXXX levels and inhibits collagen- and @entity857 -induced @entity1423 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity6308 :: ('MESH:D064250', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemic']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3295 :: ('MESH:D006953', 'Disease') :: ['type IV hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity158 and joint destruction are initiated and propagated by the production of proinflammatory mediators. Synthesis of these mediators is regulated by the transcription factor NF-kappaB, which is controlled by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The present study explored the effects of the proteasome inhibitor @entity16626 on @entity32 , @entity158 , joint destruction, and expression of sensory neuropeptides as markers of neuronal response in a @entity35 model of @entity625 . METHODS: @entity625 was induced in @entity35 by injection of heat-killed Mycobacterium butyricum. @entity625 severity was scored, and nociception was evaluated by mechanical pressure applied to the hind paw. Joint destruction was assessed by radiologic and histologic analyses. NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity was analyzed by electromobility shift assay, and changes in the expression of the p50 NF-kappaB subunit and the proinflammatory neuropeptides substance @entity10133 ) and calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity4655 ) were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Arthritic @entity35 treated with @entity16626 demonstrated a marked @entity32 , @entity158 , and joint destruction. The elevated DNA-binding activity of the NF-kappaB/p50 homodimer and p50, as well as the neuronal expression of SP and @entity4655 , observed in the @entity3681 of arthritic @entity35 were normalized after treatment with @entity16626 . CONCLUSION: In arthritic @entity35 , inhibition of proteasome reduced the severity of @entity625 and reversed the @entity158 behavior associated with @entity32 . These effects may be mediated through the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and may possibly involve the peripheral nervous system. New generations of nontoxic proteasome inhibitors may represent a novel pharmacotherapy for @entity309 .

title: Attenuation of XXXX and @entity32 in adjuvant-induced @entity625 by the proteasome inhibitor @entity16626 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'joint inflammation', 'reduction in inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are more effective than medical treatment for the management of @entity299 . However, @entity1 with single-vessel involvement have been excluded from prospective comparisons of the two methods. We have carried out such a comparison in @entity1 with isolated proximal left anterior descending @entity2791 , conserved left ventricular function, and documented ischaemia. Eligible @entity1 presenting to a single centre were randomly assigned PTCA (68 @entity1 ) or left internal mammary grafting (66). The procedures were technically feasible in all cases. The incidence of in-hospital complications was 2% (perioperative @entity583 ) for CABG and 3% (emergency CABG for acute closure) for PTCA. Clinical and functional status improved similarly in both groups. However, @entity1 in the PTCA group took more antianginal drugs. At median follow-up of 2.5 years, 86% of CABG-treated and 43% of PTCA-treated @entity1 were free from adverse events (p < 0.01; relative risk 2.0 [95% CI 1.7-2.3]). The adverse events that explain this difference were @entity256 (32%) requiring subsequent surgical (16%) or percutaneous (15%) revascularisation (1% had medical therapy). Rates of @entity204 and @entity583 did not differ between the groups. Both CABG and PTCA improve the clinical status of symptomatic @entity1 with @entity453 . If @entity1 and physician accept the risk of @entity256 and reintervention associated with PTCA, this procedure remains a suitable option and a simpler initial alternative to CABG.

title: Coronary angioplasty versus left internal mammary artery grafting for isolated proximal left anterior descending XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['single-vessel coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['artery stenosis']


abstract: This study was designed to investigate whether a cardioprotective intervention could delay the completion of @entity39 so that subsequent reperfusion would be more useful. Thirty-six @entity1707 were randomly allocated to treatment with @entity3988 (15 micrograms/kg per min) or saline solution and to a 60 or 120 minute @entity1563 period followed by reperfusion. The treatment was begun 15 minutes before @entity1563 and terminated 75 minutes after reperfusion. Twenty-four hours after the procedure, the heart was sliced and incubated in @entity5045 . The @entity1188 area and the maximal transmural area of extension of the @entity1188 were calculated by planimetry. The total number of red blood cells in a transmural section was also counted. In the @entity1707 with a 60 minute @entity1563 , @entity3988 (compared with saline solution) significantly reduced @entity1188 size from 9.7 +/- 1.5% of left ventricular mass to 5.9 +/- 0.6% (p less than 0.05) and the percent transmural extension from 0.72 +/- 0.05 to 0.61 +/- 0.05% (p less than 0.05). Red blood cell extravasation in the infarcted area was reduced from 161,934 +/- 59,905 to 78,525 +/- 46,484 cells/mm3 (p less than 0.05) with @entity3988 and the percent transmural extension of the @entity548 @entity39 from 70 +/- 10 to 36 +/- 15% (p less than 0.05). No such differences were observed in the 120 minute @entity1563 groups. Mean red blood cell counts and the extent of @entity548 @entity39 did not correlate with either @entity1188 size or transmural extension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX and progression of myocardial ischemic damage during @entity1563 and reperfusion in porcine hearts.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['Diltiazem']


abstract: Treatment during early @entity5 development has greater success because tissue growth remains largely confined to its original locus. At later stages, malignant cells migrate from their original location, invade surrounding normal areas, and can disseminate widely throughout the body. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as a key facilitator of this dissemination. Proteolytic enzymes including plasmin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an integral role in degrading the surrounding ECM proteins and clearing a path for @entity5 cell migration. Specific MMPs are highly expressed late during @entity3 . It is not understood whether early changes in MMPs influence apoptotic and @entity39 cell death, processes known to govern the early stages of @entity105 . Similarly, the interaction between @entity1231 and @entity899 is tightly controlled by a complex array of post-translational modifications, which in turn dictates the stability and activity of both @entity899 and @entity1231 . The present studies examine the hypothesis that model hepatotoxin @entity1232 ( @entity1233 ), which is also a model carcinogen, will induce the MMP family of proteins after administration in hepatotoxic doses. Doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg @entity1233 were administered i.p. to male C3H @entity19 . Changes in parameters associated with apoptotic and @entity39 cell death, DNA damage, cell proliferation, and extracellular proteinases were examined in liver at 24 h. Serum ALT activity, oxidative stress [ @entity1234 ], and caspase-activated DNAse mediated DNA laddering increased in a dose-dependent manner, as did the level of @entity1231 protein. @entity1235 ( @entity1235 , stromelysin-2, @entity1236 ), and @entity899 protein levels increased following 25 mg/kg @entity1233 , but were successively decreased after higher @entity1233 doses. The results of this study demonstrate changes in @entity1231 and MMPs during @entity1233 -induced @entity99 and provide a plausible linkage between @entity1233 -induced oxidative stress-mediated @entity130 and its likely involvement in setting the stage for initiating subsequent metastatic disease at later circumstances.

title: Matrix metalloproteinase-9, -10, and -12, @entity1231 and @entity899 expression in XXXX liver during @entity1232 -induced oxidative stress and @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor invasion']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['genomic injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity409 is related to reduced arterial elasticity in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . Circulating @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), an important endogenous repair approach for endothelial injury, is altered in @entity101 @entity1 . However, the association between alteration in circulating @entity1358 and @entity101 -related reduced arterial elasticity has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between alteration in circulating @entity1358 and @entity101 -related reduced arterial elasticity. We measured the artery elasticity profiles including brachial-ankle @entity122 (baPWV) and C1 large and C2 small artery elasticity indices in @entity1 with essential @entity101 (n = 20) and age-matched normotensive subjects (n = 21). The number and activity of circulating @entity1358 isolated from peripheral blood were determined. Compared to normotensive subjects, the @entity1 with @entity101 exhibited decreased C1 large and C2 small artery elasticity indices, as well as increased baPWV. The number of circulating @entity1358 did not differ between the two groups. The migratory and proliferative activities of circulating @entity1358 in @entity101 @entity1 were lower than those in normotensive subjects. Both proliferatory and migratory activities of circulating @entity1358 closely correlated with arterial elasticity profiles, including baPWV and C1 large and C2 small artery elasticity indices. Multivariate analysis identified both proliferative and migratory activities of circulating @entity1358 as independent predictors of the artery elasticity profiles. The present study demonstrates for the first time that impaired activity of circulating @entity1358 is associated with reduced arterial elasticity in @entity1 with @entity101 . The fall in endogenous repair capacity of vascular endothelium may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity101 -related @entity1317 .

title: Impaired endothelial progenitor cell activity is associated with reduced arterial elasticity in XXXX with essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['EPCs', 'endothelial progenitor cells']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Blood thyroid function tests (TFT) are routinely used to screen for @entity1374 in several clinical settings. TFT on hospital admission may also be useful prognostic predictors of acute @entity2717 : according to recent evidence, poststroke outcome is better in @entity1 with lower thyroid function and worse in those with higher thyroid function. However, previous reports are few and mostly compared @entity1 with @entity1374 to euthyroid @entity1 . @entity1374 are known risk factors for @entity66 . However, @entity1378 is related to @entity2717 whereas @entity1375 is related to @entity731 risk factors. Therefore, findings from available studies of TFT might just reflect the worse prognosis of @entity2717 compared to other @entity2717 subtypes. Another limitation of previous studies is the lack of information for older @entity1 , who represent three quarters of all @entity2717 @entity1 . In this paper, we investigated whether serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free @entity1955 (FT4) and free @entity1954 (FT3) measured on @entity64 Unit (SU) admission are associated with early outcomes of acute @entity2717 in 775 euthyroid @entity1 aged >= 65years (mean age 80.1  8.7years). Two composite outcomes were investigated: poor functional outcome ( @entity204 during SU stay or disability at SU discharge), and unfavorable discharge setting ( @entity204 during SU stay, transfer from SU to other acute hospital unit or transfer from SU to long-term care-facilities as opposed to direct discharge home). Analyses were performed using logistic regression models. Curvilinear associations were tested including TFT as polynomial terms. Models were adjusted for demographics, prestroke, and @entity2717 -related confounders. We found that lower TSH had a complex curvilinear association with poor functional outcome and that the shape of the associations changed with age. At age 65, the curve was U-shaped: outcome risk decreased with increasing TSH, reached its minimum at TSH near 3.00mUI/L and then started to rise. Between ages 70 and 75, however, the shape of the curve straightened and, starting from age 80 took an inverted U-shape: outcome risk rose with increasing TSH, reached its maximum at TSH values that progressively shifted upward with increasing age (from 1.70mU/L at age 80 to about 2.20mUI/L at age 90), then started to decrease. A linear inverse association was found between FT3 and unfavorable discharge setting. Our study suggests that measurement of TFT on SU admission can provide independent prognostic information for early outcomes of acute @entity2717 in older euthyroid @entity1 .

title: Thyroid function tests and early outcomes of acute ischemic stroke in older euthyroid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2717 :: ('OMIM:146850', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'cardioembolic IS']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid disorders', 'thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Differentiation between primary @entity384 and @entity296 has an important clinical significance. Contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance can play a role in this task, identifying @entity296 or @entity82 as presence of delayed enhancement. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance in differentiating @entity384 from @entity296 . METHODS: Contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance was performed in 100 @entity1 with @entity5988 and reduced systolic function: 24 had normal coronary arteries ( @entity384 group) and 76 had significant @entity453 ( @entity296 group), with or without previous @entity583 . RESULTS: In the @entity384 group, only seven (29%) @entity1 showed delayed enhancement and its pattern was characterized by mid-wall, patchy or diffuse location. All @entity1 with @entity296 and prior @entity583 (54 subjects) showed delayed enhancement with subendocardial (n = 4) or transmural (n = 50) extension. Among the 22 @entity1 with @entity296 but without previous @entity583 , 13 (59%) showed either subendocardial (n = 4) or transmural (n = 9) delayed enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: Patterns of delayed enhancement are different in @entity384 and @entity296 , reflecting the presence of @entity2318 or various degrees of @entity82 in left ventricular myocardium. The presence of subendocardial or transmural delayed enhancement at contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance allowed distinction between @entity384 and @entity296 with high sensitivity (88%) and specificity (100%). Integration of cardiovascular magnetic resonance results with angiographic information can be useful in the identification of pathogenic mechanisms underlying @entity1002 .

title: Contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance in primary and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial scarring']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of @entity141 in the @entity35 brain following focal @entity2806 and explore the protective effect of @entity9570 against @entity460 overload. METHODS: Focal @entity2806 was induced by @entity2500 in @entity35 . After @entity2806 , @entity9570 was administered in the @entity35 at different time points. The volume of @entity63 cerebral tissue was assessed by TTC staining, and the fluorescence intensity of @entity141 in the cortex and corpora striata was determined under laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS: The fluorescence intensity of @entity141 in the infracted cortex and corpora striata begun to increase 2 h after the @entity63 and was further enhanced with the prolongation of the @entity63 time. No significance was found in the fluorescence intensity of @entity141 between the cortex and corpora striata. The fluorescence intensity of @entity141 in the @entity1188 was obviously higher than that in the cortex after @entity63 . Compared with that in the @entity63 model group, the fluorescence intensity of @entity141 in the infarcted cortex and corpora striata decreased significantly at 2 and 12 h following @entity9570 intervention (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity9570 treatment can relieve @entity460 overload, reduce cerebral @entity63 volume and play a neuroprotective role against focal @entity2806 . Twelve hours following cerebral @entity63 may be the time window for administering @entity9570 intervention.

title: [Protective effect of @entity9570 against XXXX overload after focal @entity2806 in @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia injury', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted corpora striata']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity9570 :: ('MESH:C033607', 'Chemical') :: ['puerarin', 'Puerarin']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review published evidence on the impact of weight/BMI change on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults from the US with overweight/ @entity28 . METHODS: The systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, EconLit, and Cochrane Library databases were reviewed using pre-defined eligibility criteria to identify relevant US studies in adults with overweight/ @entity28 , with >= 1 year follow-up, quantified weight change, and measured HRQoL. This manuscript focuses on HRQoL derived using the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite) instruments. RESULTS: In total, 32 of 6793 identified publications reported HRQoL according to SF-36 or IWQOL-Lite; 20 provided adequate data for inclusion in this review. Although study design and outcomes were heterogeneous, improvements in HRQoL were generally observed with @entity353 . Bariatric surgery studies provided the most evidence (12 publications) and demonstrated dramatic (>= 20%) @entity353 and associated HRQoL improvements. Sustained @entity353 was associated with maintenance of HRQoL improvements out to 6 years in some studies. In lifestyle and pharmaceutical intervention studies showing @entity353 of 5%-10%, some aspects of HRQoL improved, although the association with weight was not typically explored. Across the 20 publications, physical versus mental HRQoL improvements were more commonly statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Overweight/ @entity28 is typically associated with poorer HRQoL than normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9   kg/m(2)). This systematic review of US literature demonstrated that significant @entity353 after bariatric surgery may be associated with improvements in HRQoL. In non-bariatric studies with @entity353 of >= 5%, improvements in some aspects of HRQoL were noted, although the causal nature of the relationship is uncertain. Although many SF-36 and IWQOL-Lite domain scores increased, improvements were typically only significant for physical, rather than mental, HRQoL. This systematic review provides evidence supporting that @entity353 may improve HRQoL in @entity1 with overweight/ @entity28 .

title: Impact of weight change on quality of life in adults with overweight/ XXXX in the United States: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The clinical utility of antigen-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma release assays (IGRAs) using pleural mononuclear cells, for the diagnosis of @entity378 ( @entity378 ), requires clarification. We compared the diagnostic utility of unstimulated pleural @entity379 levels with several pleural antigen-specific T-cell IGRAs (early secretory antigenic target-6 and culture filtrate protein-10 (T-SPOT.(R) @entity378 , QuantiFERON(R)- @entity378 Gold In-tube), purified protein derivative (PPD) and heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA)) in 78 South African @entity378 suspects. Test results were compared against a clinical score and a reference standard. Out of 74 evaluable subjects 48, seven and 19 had definite, probable and no @entity378 , respectively. 11 (15%) out of 74 pleural samples (nine (19%) out of 48 of the definite @entity378 cases) had total cell counts that were inadequate for T-cell processing. In the remaining 63 samples, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of different diagnostic methods were as follows. Maximal bioclinical score: 54, 89, 92 and 43%, respectively; T-SPOT.(R) @entity378 : 86, 60, 84 and 64%, respectively; QuantiFERON(R)- @entity378 Gold In-tube: 57, 80, 87 and 44%, respectively; HBHA-specific IGRA: 59, 31, 64 and 27%, respectively; PPD-specific IGRA: 81, 40, 76 and 46%, respectively; and pleural fluid unstimulated @entity379 : 97, 100, 100 and 94%, respectively. Unstimulated @entity379 was the most accurate test for distinguishing @entity378 from non- @entity378 effusions in a high-burden setting. The antigen-specific T-cell IGRAs were limited by suboptimal accuracy and the inability to isolate sufficient mononuclear cells to perform the assay.

title: Utility of quantitative T-cell responses versus unstimulated XXXX } for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon-{gamma']


abstract: Stereotactic radiosurgery for @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) has become popular during the last decade with promising clinical results after long-term follow-up. However, on rare occasions, some cases have needed traditional microsurgery to remove the @entity5 several months or years after radiosurgery. We present a retrospective analysis of data acquired during a 16-year period in delayed microsurgery of seven @entity1 with @entity5513 who underwent gamma knife surgery (GKS). A total of 444 with VS underwent GKS between March 1993 and December 2008, and 7 (1.57%) underwent delayed microsurgery at a median of 26 months (range from 3 months to 6 years) after GKS. The mean size of the @entity5 during GKS was 10.4 ml (range 2.3-23.5 ml). These seven @entity1 were younger, and female predominant. The indications of microsurgery included adverse radiation effect with peri-focal @entity4 , @entity5 enlargement, and @entity1283 . Although the perifocal @entity4 could lead to more difficulty in surgery than in typically performed operations for @entity808 , subtotal resection was achieved in all @entity1 . There was no surgery-related morbidity or mortality. The histology showed @entity5 in five @entity1 , @entity808 in one, and @entity39 tissue in one. The need of microsurgery for further treatment of VS after radiosurgery is rare, but can be a challenge to neurosurgeons in terms of surgical indication, timing, and techniques. The authors concluded the incidence of delayed microsurgery was 1.57% in a series of 444 @entity1 over a 16-year period. We concluded some experience from operative indications, timing, approach, and outcome.

title: Delayed microsurgery for XXXX after gamma knife radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VSs', 'vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cyst enlargement']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: OBJECT: Brain @entity3 from @entity157 ( @entity157 ) are rare, and the evidence of the effectiveness of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) in this disease is lacking. The authors report their institutional experience with GKS in @entity1 with brain @entity3 from HCCs. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 73 consecutive @entity1 who had a combined total of 141 brain @entity3 arising from HCCs and were treated with GKS. Sixty-four (87.7%) @entity1 were male, and the mean age of the @entity1 was 52.5 years (range 30-79 years). The mean @entity5 volume was 7.35 cm(3) (range 0.19-33.7 cm(3)). The median margin dose prescribed was 23 Gy (range 15-32 Gy). Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to identify possible prognostic factors of outcomes. RESULTS: The estimated rate of @entity5 control was 79.6% at 3 months after GKS. The median overall survival time after GKS was 16 weeks. The actuarial survival rates were 76.7%, 58.9%, and 26.0% at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after GKS, respectively. In the univariate analysis, an age of  <= 65 years, @entity1 -Pugh Class A (pertaining to liver function), high Karnofsky Performance Scale score (>=  70), and low Radiation Therapy Oncology Group recursive partitioning analysis class (I or II) were positively associated with the survival times of @entity1 . No statistically significant variable was identified in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Although survival was extremely poor in @entity1 with brain @entity3 from HCCs, GKS showed acceptable @entity5 control at 3 months after the treatment. The authors suggest that GKS represents a noninvasive approach that may provide a valuable option for treating @entity1 with brain @entity3 from HCCs.

title: Gamma Knife surgery for treating brain @entity3 arising from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas']


abstract: The standard treatment for @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is the key to its control. Here we report on the statistics of treatment status and the duration of hospitalization/treatment. The place of initial treatment was observed among newly notified @entity378 @entity1 (n = 24,760) in 2008. Of those, the proportion receiving treatment in hospital among sputum smear positive @entity1907 @entity1 was the most (91.7%), including 2.1% hospitalized mainly due to other diseases. The proportion receiving treatment in hospital among bacteriologically negative @entity1907 cases was the least (25.8%), including 10.3% hospitalized mainly due to other diseases. This proportion of @entity1 receiving treatment in hospital did not differ with age, among sputum smear positive @entity1907 cases. But, this proportion differed greatly in their age groups (e.g. 9.9% in their 20s, 25.7% in their 50s and 50.0% in their 80s), among bacteriologically negative @entity1907 cases. The duration of hospitalization for @entity378 treatment among newly notified cases in 2007 was observed at the end of 2008. The median hospitalization periods were 69 days, 74 days, 45 days, 38 days and 45 days, among new sputum smear positive @entity1907 cases, retreatment sputum smear positive @entity1907 cases, other bacillary positive @entity1907 cases, bacilli negative @entity1907 cases and @entity1907 cases, respectively. The duration of @entity378 treatment among newly notified cases in 2007 was observed at the end of 2008. The median treatment duration among all forms of @entity378 was 273 days. The longest median treatment duration was 298 days for retreatment sputum smear positive @entity1907 cases and the shortest was 204 days for bacteriologically negative @entity1907 cases.

title: [Tuberculosis Annual Report 2008--Series 9. Treatment of XXXX (2)].

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['extra-pulmonary TB', 'pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['TB']


abstract: Recent observations indicate that sex and level of @entity134 hormones may influence cortical networks associated with specific cognitive functions, in particular visuo-spatial abilities. The present study probed the influence of sex, menstrual cycle, and sex @entity134 hormones on 3D @entity717 and brain function using 3-T fMRI. Twelve healthy @entity1 and 12 @entity1 were investigated. Menstrual cycle and hormone levels were assessed. The early follicular and midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle were chosen to examine short-term cyclical changes. Parietal and frontal areas were activated during @entity717 in both sexes. Significant differences between @entity1 and @entity1 were revealed in both phases of menstrual cycle. In @entity1 we observed a significant correlation of activation levels with @entity251 levels in the left parietal lobe (BA 40). In @entity1 , a cycle-dependent correlation pattern was observed for @entity251 : brain activation correlated with this male hormone only during the early follicular phase. In both cycle phases females' brain activation was significantly correlated with @entity53 in frontal and parietal areas. Our study provides evidence that fMRI-related activity during performance of cognitive tasks varies across sex and phases of the menstrual cycle. The variation might be partly explained by better task performance in @entity1 , but our results indicate that further explanations like basic neuronal or neurovascular effects modulated by @entity134 hormones must be considered. Both @entity53 and @entity251 levels may influence fMRI signals of cognitive tasks, which should affect selection of subjects for future fMRI studies.

title: Functional anatomy of visuo-spatial working memory during @entity717 is influenced by sex, menstrual cycle, and sex XXXX hormones.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mental rotation']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: We investigated cellular trafficking of dermal macrophages that express a macrophage @entity460 -type lectin (MMGL) during the sensitization of @entity56 . In skin, dermal macrophages, but not epidermal Langerhans cells, have been shown to express MMGL. Epicutaneous sensitization by @entity2823 produced a transient increase in MMGL-positive cells in regional lymph nodes. To directly investigate whether the increase was due to cell migration from dermis, MMGL-positive cells purified from skin were intradermally injected into syngeneic @entity19 after labeling with a fluorescent cell tracer, followed by epicutaneous sensitization over the site of injection. MMGL-positive cells containing the tracer were found in the regional lymph nodes after sensitization. The majority of the MMGL-positive cell migrants were negative for @entity2823 fluorescence despite the presence of @entity2823 -labeled cells that included Langerhans cell migrants. Because the extent of MMGL-positive cell migration was greatly influenced by the selection of vehicles to dissolve @entity2823 , the efficiency of sensitization was compared using the ear swelling test. Migration of both Langerhans cells ( @entity2823 -labeled cells) and MMGL-positive cells contributed positively to the efficiency of sensitization. Interestingly, MMGL-positive cell migration was induced by vehicle alone, even in the absence of @entity2823 . These results suggest that migration of dermal MMGL-positive cells accounts for the adjuvant effects of vehicles at least in part.

title: Contribution of dermal macrophage trafficking in the sensitization phase of contact XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is widely believed that psychological treatment has little effect on more severely @entity308 @entity1 . This study assessed whether pretreatment severity moderates psychological treatment outcome relative to controls by means of meta-analyses. METHOD: We included 132 studies (10,134 @entity1 ) from a database of studies (www.evidencebasedpsychotherapies.org) in which the effects of psychological treatment on adult outpatients with a @entity308 or an elevated level of depressive symptoms were compared with a control condition in a randomized controlled trial. Two raters independently extracted outcome data and rated study characteristics. We conducted metaregression analyses assessing whether mean pretreatment @entity308 scores predicted psychological treatment versus control condition posttreatment effect size and subgroup analyses summarizing the results of studies reporting within-study analyses of @entity308 severity and psychological treatment outcome. RESULTS: Psychological treatment was found to be consistently superior to control conditions (d = 0.40-0.88). We found no indication that pretreatment mean @entity308 scores predicted psychological treatment versus control condition posttreatment effect size, even after adjusting for relevant study characteristics. However, among the smaller subset of studies that reported within-study severity analyses, posttreatment effect sizes were higher for high-severity @entity1 (d = 0.63) than for low-severity @entity1 (d = 0.22) when psychological treatment was efficacious relative to a more stringent control. CONCLUSION: Contrary to conventional wisdom, our findings suggest that when compared with control conditions, psychological treatment might be more efficacious for high-severity than for low-severity @entity1 . Because the number of studies reporting within-study severity analyses is small, we recommend that future studies routinely report tests for Severity   Treatment interactions.

title: Does pretreatment severity moderate the efficacy of psychological treatment of adult outpatient XXXX ? A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current management of @entity706 ( @entity706 ) includes the combined use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with surgery mainly confined to diagnosis through an open biopsy following ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (US-FNAC). AIMS: To analyse the clinical presentation and methods of diagnosis of @entity706 , its pitfalls and the management of these @entity5 presenting with compression symptoms and @entity1224 . METHODS: A retrospective review of nine @entity1 diagnosed with @entity706 at Guy's and St Thomas @entity9462 Foundation Trust in London over the past 5 years. RESULTS: Nine consecutive @entity1 were identified with the diagnosis of @entity706 , and seven (78%) of them being @entity1 and with a mean age of 65 years. All @entity1 presented with an anterior neck mass while four (44.4%) presented with stridor and @entity3746 . Two (22.2%) presented with a hoarse voice, @entity1282 , and only one @entity1 had a B symptom of @entity353 . FNAC was diagnostic in three @entity1 (33.3%) and a report of @entity4383 in one @entity1 . There was clinical suspicion of @entity706 in three @entity1 (33.3%). Of the three @entity1 presenting with stridor, two had an open biopsy followed by the initiation of @entity619 therapy and resolution of symptoms within 48 h. One @entity1 had a partial thyroidectomy following a suspected diagnosis of @entity4383 from US-FNAC. One @entity1 required tracheostomy for airway management. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of @entity706 may be difficult. However, US-FNAC is useful in raising the suspicion of a @entity706 . Open biopsy is still the definitive diagnostic tool of choice. In the emergency setting of @entity1224 , once definitive diagnosis is achieved, @entity619 therapy and endotracheal intubation for airway management are all that is required for optimal management strategy. Surgical intervention has no role except for providing tissue for diagnosis.

title: XXXX and @entity1224 - is there a rationale for surgical management?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['TL', 'thyroid lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity9462 :: ('MESH:C538336', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital NHS']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['multi-nodular goitre']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord palsy']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Thyroid lymphoma']


abstract: The @entity460 -regulated phosphatase calcineurin intersects with both @entity460 and @entity268 -mediated signaling pathways in the pancreatic b-cell. Pharmacologic calcineurin inhibition, necessary to prevent rejection in the setting of organ transplantation, is associated with post-transplant b-cell failure. We sought to determine the effect of calcineurin inhibition on b-cell replication and survival in rodents and in isolated @entity1 islets. Further, we assessed whether the @entity8142 agonist and @entity268 stimulus, exendin-4 (Ex-4), could rescue b-cell replication and survival following calcineurin inhibition. Following treatment with the @entity9909 @entity1140 , @entity1 b-cell apoptosis was significantly increased. Although we detected no @entity1 b-cell replication, @entity1140 significantly decreased rodent b-cell replication. Ex-4 nearly normalized both @entity1 b-cell survival and rodent b-cell replication when co-administered with @entity1140 . We found that @entity1140 decreased @entity584 phosphorylation, suggesting that calcineurin could regulate replication and survival via the PI3K/ @entity584 pathway. We identify @entity21320 ( @entity21320 ), a known @entity268 -responsive element-binding protein target and upstream regulator of the PI3K/ @entity584 pathway, as a novel calcineurin target in b-cells. @entity21320 mRNA and protein are decreased by calcineurin inhibition in both rodent and @entity1 islets. The effect of calcineurin on @entity21320 expression is mediated at least in part through the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), as NFAT occupied the @entity21320 promoter in a calcineurin-sensitive manner. Ex-4 restored @entity21320 expression in @entity1140 -treated rodent and @entity1 islets nearly to baseline. These findings reveal calcineurin as a regulator of @entity1 b-cell survival in part through regulation of @entity21320 , with implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of @entity6 following organ transplantation.

title: Calcineurin signaling regulates XXXX islet {beta}-cell survival.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity21320 :: ('8660', 'Gene') :: ['Irs2', 'insulin receptor substrate-2']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To explore the use of stem/progenitor cells from peripheral blood (PB) for allogeneic transplantation, we have studied the mobilization of progenitor cells in normal donors by growth factors. Normal subjects were administered either @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) at 10 micrograms/kg/d, or @entity1261 at 10 micrograms/kg/d, or a combination of G- and @entity2841 at 5 micrograms/kg/d each, administered subcutaneously for 4 days, followed by leukapheresis on day 5. Mononuclear cells expressing @entity2280 ( @entity2280 + cells) were selectively enriched by affinity labeling using Dynal paramagnetic microspheres (Baxter Isolex; Baxter Healthcare Corp, Santa Ana, CA). The baseline @entity2280 + cells in peripheral blood before mobilization was 0.07% +/- 0.05% (1.6 +/- 0.7/microL; n = 18). On the fifth day after stimulation (24 hours after the fourth dose), the @entity2280 + cells were 0.99% +/- 0.40% (61 +/- 14/microL) for the 8 subjects treated with @entity1261 , 0.25% +/- 0.25% (3 +/- 3/microL, both P < .01 v @entity1261 ) for the 5 subjects administered @entity2841 , and for the 5 subjects treated with G- and @entity2841 , 0.65% +/- 0.28% (41 +/- 18/microL, P < .5 v @entity2841 ). Parallel to this increase in @entity2280 + cells, clonogenic assays showed a corresponding increase in CFU-GM and BFU-E. The total number of @entity2280 + cells collected from the @entity1261 group during a 3-hour apheresis was 119 +/- 65 x 10(6) and was not significantly different from that collected from the group treated with G- and @entity2841 (101 +/- 35 x 10(6) cells), but both were greater than that from the group treated with @entity2841 (12.6 +/- 6.1 x 10(6); P < .01 for both comparisons). Analysis of the @entity2280 + subsets showed that a significantly higher percentage of cells with the @entity2280 +/ @entity3053 - phenotype is found after mobilization with G- and @entity2841 . In the @entity1261 group, immunomagnetic selection of @entity2280 + cells permitted the enrichment of the @entity2280 + cells in the apheresis product to 81% +/- 11%, with a 48% +/- 12% yield and to a purity of 77% +/- 21% with a 51% +/- 15% recovery in the G- and @entity2841 group. T cells were depleted from a mean of 4.5 +/- 2.0 x 10(9) to 4.3 +/- 5.2 x 10(6) after selection, representing 99.9% depletion. We conclude that it is feasible to collect sufficient numbers of PB progenitor cells from normal donors with one to two leukapheresis procedures for allogeneic transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Harvesting and enrichment of hematopoietic progenitor cells mobilized into the peripheral blood of normal donors by XXXX ( @entity2841 ) or @entity1261 : potential role in allogeneic marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: Skeletal @entity121 is a common systemic manifestation in several @entity66 . Predictive values are useful tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. In experimental animals, no reference values of muscle function evaluation have been so far reported. The objective was to obtain predictive values of @entity551 ( @entity551 ) and grip strength measurements in healthy @entity35 . In 70 healthy @entity35 , @entity551 and grip strength were measured in vivo weekly for five consecutive weeks using non-invasive methodologies. Three ranges of @entity35 body weights (250-299, 300-349 and 350-399 g) and lengths (37.0-41.0, 41.1-42.0 and 42.1-44.0 cm) were established. @entity551 and grip strength measurements falling within the ranges of weight 350-399 and 300-349 g and length 42.1-44.0 cm were significantly greater than values falling within 250-299 g and 37.0-41.0 cm ranges respectively. Specific weight- and length-percentile distributions for @entity551 and grip strength measurements were calculated. As significant direct correlations were observed between @entity35 weights and lengths and either @entity551 or grip strength measurements, regression equations relating all these variables were also determined. Skeletal @entity121 is frequently associated with highly prevalent conditions. The significant predictive equations described for both @entity551 and grip strength measurements will enable scientists to better estimate the respiratory and peripheral @entity121 of laboratory animals, especially when conducting follow-up and/or intervention investigations.

title: Reference values of respiratory and peripheral muscle function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['maximal inspiratory pressure', 'MIP']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle dysfunctions', 'muscle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['prevalent diseases']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the use of antihypertensive drugs in a random sample of adults living in Porto, Portugal, and to identify gender differences in the treatment of @entity101 . DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional. @entity1 AND METHODS: Nine hundred and fifty-nine @entity1 over 39 years of age, living in Porto, were selected by random digit dialing. For each subject, socioeconomic characterization, family and personal medical history, and information on antihypertensive treatment were obtained through a questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured on a single occasion, and a fasting blood sample was collected. Gender differences in the treatment of arterial @entity101 and number and type of drugs were evaluated through the calculation of female:male proportion ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: @entity101 treatment was more frequent in @entity1 than in @entity1 (proportion ratio 1.40, 95% CI 1.15-1.72), although no differences were observed among @entity101 aware of their condition (proportion ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.93-1.22). The female:male proportion ratios of treatment with one drug, fixed combination therapy and free combination therapy were 1.13 (95% CI 0.94-1.36), 0.83 (95% CI 0.34-2.01) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.49-1.19), respectively. In subjects treated with one drug the use of @entity1289 inhibitors/AT-II antagonists was more frequent in @entity1 (proportion ratio 0.68, 95% IC 0.46-1.01) and treatment with diuretics higher in @entity1 (proportion ratio 1.83, 95% CI 1.04-3.23). In @entity1 treated with combination therapy, @entity1289 inhibitors/AT-II antagonists and diuretics were more frequently used by @entity1 and @entity460 channel blockers and beta-blockers by @entity1 (female:male proportion ratios were 1.27, 95% CI 0.96-1.68, 1.24, 95% CI 0.94-1.64, 0.61, 95% CI 0.37-1.02 and 0.74, 95% CI 0.31-1.79, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Arterial @entity101 tended to be more frequently treated among @entity1 and different therapeutic options were found according to gender. Gender differences in the awareness of @entity101 , sexual specificity of the activity of antihypertensive drugs, and comorbidity may play a role in gender inequalities in the treatment of @entity101 in Portugal.

title: Gender differences in the treatment of XXXX : a community based study in Porto.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 is the most common cause of acute self-limiting @entity1902 . Only 3 cases of chronic @entity281 in adult solid organ transplant recipients have been reported thus far. METHODS: This case series describes 9 consecutive kidney allograft recipients with chronic @entity281 with persistent @entity778 and intermittent @entity294 for a duration of 97-898 days. The follow-up includes clinical course, type of immunosuppression, and polymerase chain reaction for norovirus. Detailed molecular analyses of virus isolates from stool specimens over time were performed. RESULTS: The intensity of immunosuppression correlated with the diarrheal symptoms but not with @entity1800 . Molecular analysis of virus strains from each @entity1 revealed @entity281 with different variants of GII.4 strains in 7 of 9 @entity1 . Another 2 @entity1 were infected with either the GII.7 or GII.17 strain. No molecular evidence for nosocomial transmission in our outpatient clinic was found. Capsid sequence alignments from follow-up specimens of 4 @entity1 showed accumulation of mutations over time, resulting in @entity535 changes predominantly in the P2 and P1-2 region. Up to 25 @entity1522 mutations were accumulated over a 683-day period in the @entity1 with an 898-day shedding history. CONCLUSION: @entity281 may persist in adult renal allograft recipients with or without clinical symptoms. No evidence for nosocomial transmission in adult renal allograft recipients was found in our study. Molecular analysis suggests continuous viral evolution in immunocompromised @entity1 who are unable to clear this @entity281 .

title: Chronic XXXX after kidney transplantation: molecular evidence for immune-driven viral evolution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus shedding']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'norovirus infection', 'Norovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral shedding']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['norovirus infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate the utility of thrombolytic therapy administered outside tertiary hospital. METHODS: We analyzed 80 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 admitted to the emergency area of primary hospital within 24 hours after the onset of symptoms and lastly transported to a coronary care unit (CCU) of a reference hospital. The thrombolytic protocol was performed by medicine department of primary hospital and the CCU of reference hospital. RESULTS: 23 @entity1 without (group A) and 57 with (group B) fibrinolytic therapy (APSAC 50 @entity1 and streptokinase 7 @entity1 ) were analyzed. Group A @entity1 were older (mean: 67 +/- 11 vs mean: 62 +/- 10 years; p = 0.01), and arrived later to emergency area (mean 254 +/- 284 vs mean 163 SD 161 min; p = 0.04) and to the coronary care unit (mean 561 +/- 371 vs mean 334 +/- 177 min; p = 0.0002). The guard physician decision to start or not the fibrinolytic therapy, was adequate in 86% of the @entity1 (sensitivity 87%, predictive positive value 95%, specificity 83%). Complications on emergency area or during transport in group B were @entity2224 in 9%, @entity713 (2-3 degree) in 9%, severe nonsustained @entity943 in 11% and transitory @entity551 in 23%. No @entity204 occurred before CCU admission. In group B, 35% @entity1 was treated within the first 2 hours. The average time gain was 124 min (thrombolysis administration--CCU admission). CONCLUSION: On emergency area of primary hospital, thrombolytic therapy is feasible and safe when administered by well-equipped and well-trained medical emergence area and ambulance staff.

title: [The safety of the treatment of an acute XXXX by immediate intravenous fibrinolysis in the regional hospital environment].

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: Exposure of @entity35 C6 @entity11 cells to either agonists or agents that increase @entity1919 levels leads to down-regulation of beta 1-adrenergic receptors (beta 1 AR) as measured by loss of radioligand binding sites. The present study examines the influence of @entity3044 and @entity1928 treatment on levels of beta 1 AR mRNA, mRNA stability, and gene transcription rate. @entity3044 treatment of C6 cells altered beta 1 AR mRNA levels in a biphasic manner; i.e., short-term exposure (30-60 min) increased by 50%, whereas longer exposure (2-6 h) decreased by 50% the levels of beta 1 AR mRNA. The extent of both the up- and down-regulation was dependent on agonist concentration. Similar regulation of beta 1 AR mRNA was observed in @entity1928 -treated cells. Pretreatment of the cells with Pseudomonas exotoxin A, a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis, completely blocked @entity3044 - and @entity1928 -mediated down-regulation of beta 1 AR mRNA, and thereby potentiated the increase in receptor mRNA up to fourfold over the 6-h time course. The mechanisms underlying beta 1 AR mRNA down-regulation were examined. The half-life of beta 1 AR mRNA was slightly increased (from 61 to 77 min) after a 2-h exposure of the cells to either @entity3044 or @entity1928 . Nuclear run-on analysis demonstrated that the rate of beta 1 AR gene transcription was increased after @entity3044 incubation for 60 min, but then decreased after 90-240 min, consistent with the time course for up- and down-regulation of beta 1 AR mRNA. @entity3044 treatment (120 min) also decreased the level of beta 1 AR nascent transcripts, purified by affinity chromatography of RNA isolated from @entity20101 -pulsed cells. The results demonstrate that beta 1 AR mRNA has a relatively short half-life and that agonist regulation of beta 1 AR mRNA is mediated by activation of the @entity1919 system. Moreover, the results indicate that agonist regulation of beta 1 AR mRNA occurs at the level of beta 1 AR gene transcription, not mRNA stability. Finally, the observed requirement for protein synthesis indicates that beta 1 AR mRNA down-regulation may be mediated by the induction of a repressor of the beta 1 AR gene.

title: Agonist and XXXX -mediated regulation of beta 1-adrenergic receptor mRNA and gene transcription in @entity35 C6 @entity11 cells.

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity20101 :: ('MESH:D013891', 'Chemical') :: ['4-thiouridine']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The primary objective was to study the antitumor activity of prolonged subcutaneous dosing of systemic 852A, a @entity6438 agonist ( @entity6438 ), in recurrent @entity5344 . Secondary objectives included assessment of safety and immune system activation. METHODS: Adults with recurrent @entity5344 failing multiple therapies received 0.6 mg/m(2) of 852A subcutaneously twice weekly for 12 weeks. Doses increased by 0.2 mg/m(2)/week to a maximum of 1.2 mg/m(2). Serum was collected to assess immune activation. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 enrolled: 10 ovarian, 2 cervix and 3 breast. Three completed all 24 injections. There were two grade 2 (decreased ejection fractions), nine grade 3 (1 cardiovascular, 1 @entity448 , 3 dehydration, 2 infections, 2 renal) and two grade 4 (hepatic and troponin elevation) unanticipated @entity137 . Cardiac @entity137 included three @entity296 (2 asymptomatic) and one stress-related non-ST elevated @entity583 . Five @entity1 discontinued therapy due to possibly associated side effects. One who had @entity66 ( @entity66 ) following 24 doses received 17 additional doses. A cervix @entity1 with @entity66 following 24 doses received chemotherapy after progressing 3 months later, and remains disease free at 18 months. Immune activation, as evidenced by increased @entity371 and @entity1193 , was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this first @entity1 experience of a @entity6438 agonist delivered subcutaneously using a prolonged dosing schedule, 852A demonstrated sustained tolerability in some @entity1 . Clinical benefit was modest, but immune activation was seen suggesting further study of antitumor applications is warranted. Because of @entity1370 ; 852A should be used cautiously in heavily pretreated @entity1 .

title: @entity6438 agonist administered subcutaneously in a prolonged dosing schedule in heavily pretreated recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast, ovarian or cervix cancer', 'breast, ovarian and cervix cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['breast, ovarian, and cervix cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of urethral mobilisation for correcting moderate and severe @entity546 associated with @entity2650 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity2650 and congenital moderate and severe @entity546 were treated surgically. The @entity2650 was at the distal shaft, coronal and glanular in seven, eight and four @entity1 , respectively, and six had mild chordee. The mean (SD, range) angle of torsion was 94.7 (19.9, 75-160)  . The urethra was mobilised down to the perineum. If the urethral mobilisation was insufficient the right border of the tunica albuginea was anchored to the pubic periosteum. The @entity2650 was repaired using the urethral mobilisation and advancement technique, with a triangular plate flap for meatoplasty. The @entity1 were followed up for 12-18  months. RESULTS: All @entity1 had a successful functional and cosmetic outcome, with no residual torsion. Two @entity1 had a small subcutaneous haematoma that resolved after conservative treatment. Massive @entity4 occurred in three @entity1 and was treated conservatively. Urethral mobilisation did not correct the @entity546 completely. Although the mean (SD, range) angle of torsion was reduced to 86.1 (14.3, 65-130)  , statistically significantly different (P  =  0.001), it was not clinically important. The presence of chordee had no significant correlation with the reduction of @entity546 . CONCLUSION: Urethral mobilisation cannot completely correct moderate and severe @entity546 but it might only partly decrease the angle of torsion. Periosteal anchoring of the tunica albuginea might be the most reliable manoeuvre for the complete correction of @entity546 .

title: The management of moderate and severe @entity546 associated with XXXX : Urethral mobilisation is not a panacea against torsion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile torsion']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['distal hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: The current study was conducted to assess @entity7658 @entity1262 gene polymorphism and the efficacy of high dose @entity1667 (HDMP) in childhood @entity3039 @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 31 childhood acute @entity3039 @entity1 (17 females, 14 males) between the ages of 2 and 16 years of age were included in the study. High-dose @entity1667 was given at a dose of 30mg/kg/day for 3 days and 20mg/kg/day for 4 days, consecutively and intravenously. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for the detection of @entity7658 single nucleotide polymorphism. Fragments obtained were 238bp to T/T genotype, 172bp and 60bp fragments to the C/C genotype, and 238bp, 172bp and 60bp to the C/T genotype. RESULTS: The distribution of CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 19.0%, 61.3%, and 19.4%, respectively. Both allele frequencies of C and T were the same - 50%. There was no significant difference in genotype and allele distribution between the @entity1 with @entity3039 and the control group (  (2)=0.84 p=0.65,   (2)=0.2 p=0.63, respectively). There were no significant differences in age, gender, and pre- and post-treatment platelet counts between CC, CT, and TT genotypes of the MDR gene. Response to treatment shows no significant difference between genotype and allele groups. CONCLUSION: In our study, there was no difference in the HDMP treatment response between @entity1262 gene genotypes. However, it should be noted that this study includes a small group of @entity1 . Our data should therefore be considered preliminary, awaiting further confirmatory studies on an expanded @entity1 base.

title: Relation between @entity7658 @entity1262 gene polymorphism with high dose @entity1667 treatment of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1262 :: ('5243', 'Gene') :: ['MDR1', 'multidrug resistance 1']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'ITP']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: In this paper we describe a new activity of @entity558 and partial structures: the induction of DNA synthesis and lymphokine production of @entity1 T lymphocytes. The @entity558 -induced T cell proliferation is dose dependent and requires 100 to 10,000 ng/ml of @entity558 or synthetic @entity3275 (compound 506) for optimal stimulation. In contrast, the synthetic @entity3275 precursor Ia (compound 406) is not active but rather antagonizes @entity558 -induced proliferation. The proliferation is accompanied by the expression of mRNA for the @entity1198 cell-derived lymphokines @entity379 and @entity1199 , but not for the Th2 lymphokines @entity3646 , @entity225 , or @entity688 . Highly enriched T lymphocyte preparations with less than 0.1% monocytes are not stimulated by @entity558 , showing that monocytes are required for T cell proliferation. Reconstitution experiments show that only monocytes, but not B lymphocytes, are able to support induction of DNA synthesis. Separating @entity558 -stimulated monocytes from T lymphocytes by a membrane, permeable for cytokines but not for cells, abolishes T cell proliferation. Fixation of monocytes with @entity1604 also abrogates their accessory function for T cells. If the monocytes are preincubated for 2 h at 37 degrees C with @entity558 and then washed, they still are able to induce T cell proliferation in the absence of additional @entity558 . Our results indicate that @entity1 T cells respond in a monocyte-supported manner to @entity558 exposure by proliferation and lymphokine production. We hypothesize that this reactivity of T lymphocytes to @entity558 may be of clinical relevance.

title: Endotoxin and XXXX stimulate proliferation of @entity1 T cells in the presence of autologous monocytes.

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

answer: @entity3275 :: (MESH:D008050,Chemical) :: ['lipid A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Research suggests that the incidence and cost of treating @entity173 ( @entity173 ) in China is rising. The purpose of this study was to estimate resource utilization associated with @entity173 , including hospital length of stay (LOS) and inpatient costs, and to examine the level of post-acute care for @entity170 among @entity1 hospitalized for @entity173 in Shanghai, China. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 2855 @entity1 aged 50 years and older who were hospitalized for @entity174 in 13 districts of Shanghai in the 2000. One hundred and one @entity1 were randomly selected and interviewed to determine the treatments and associated costs for the 6-month period following hospitalization. Log linear regressions with bootstrapping resampling were conducted for LOS and hospital cost data to estimate the average LOS and associated costs after adjusting for demographic and comorbid characteristics. RESULTS: Hospital records of 2855 @entity1 (mean age, 73.6 +/- 9.9 years) were reviewed. For @entity1 , mean LOS (35 days) was longer for those greater than 60 years of age; however, mean cost of hospital stay (15 082 RMB) increased to a peak at age 65-74 years (18 932 RMB). For @entity1 , mean LOS (34 days) and mean cost of hospitalization (13 149 RMB) both increased with age. Only 14% of @entity1 hospitalized for @entity173 received treatment for @entity170 . Due to the small number of @entity1 and sampling that was taken largely for geographical convenience, care should be taken when generalizing these data into other areas of China. CONCLUSIONS: @entity173 is associated with substantial resource utilization in Shanghai, China. Although @entity1 hospitalized with @entity173 should be considered for @entity170 therapy to alleviate economic and @entity1 burden, most @entity1 with @entity173 received no such treatment.

title: Estimation of resource utilization associated with XXXX and level of post-acute care in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['OHF', 'osteoporotic hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fragility hip fractures']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic hip fracture']


abstract: We dialyzed 6 @entity1 who developed @entity810 after severe @entity542 . 2 @entity1 died relatively quickly (within 2 weeks) without regaining renal function. 4 @entity1 regained renal function, but 2 died in approximately 1 month. The other 2 survived long-term in a vegetative state for 2 and 3 years, respectively. The 2 @entity1 who died earliest had associated severe @entity1661 and were both hemodialyzed. 3 of the 4 @entity1 who regained renal function were peritoneally dialyzed. The 2 longest survivors had less frontal lobe involvement. @entity130 followed by @entity810 has an extremely dismal prognosis, and the head-traumatized @entity1 carries the worst prognosis of this group. Peritoneal dialysis, preferably the new method of slow continuous peritoneal dialysis, is probably the best method of treating these @entity1 . The decision whether to treat at all should be made early in the course based on clinical neurological criteria, ignoring the @entity177 as a predictor of outcome.

title: Severe XXXX and @entity810 .

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']


abstract: Between 1984 and 1986, 38 @entity1 --25 males and 13 females--underwent treatment for proximal subclavian @entity75 . All of these @entity1 presented with symptoms of the @entity3526 and 13 (34.2%) had additional claudication of the arm. Preoperative angiography showed distal filling of the subclavian artery via retrograde flow in the vertebral artery. 31 @entity1 (81.5%) had total occlusion of the proximal subclavian artery and 7 (18.5%) presented with severe @entity850 . 34 of these lesions were on the left (89.5%) and 4 on the right side (10.5%). Complete cerebral angiography was performed in each @entity1 with emphasis on visualisation of the carotid bifurcation and selective opacification of the aortic arch vessels if indicated. Doppler ultrasound flow measurement in the vertebral artery yielded the basic data which were then used for comparative postoperative evaluation. The operation was performed under general anaesthesia and heparinisation. A shunt was not required while performing the direct end-to-side @entity254 between the transected subclavian and the common carotid artery. @entity1294 in the distal stump of the transected subclavian artery and occasionally the origin of the vertebral artery were dealt with by simple eversion endarterectomy. There was no operative mortality; the postoperative complication rate was 13.1% including palsy of the recurrent nerve in 3 @entity1 , a @entity16752 in one @entity1 and bleeding requiring re-exploration in another. Occlusion of the reconstructed @entity51 did not occur. Post operatively all @entity1 were treated with platelet inhibitors. The average follow-up period was 13 months, when the reconstructed arteries were found to be patent in 37 @entity1 (97.4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Direct subclavian-carotid XXXX for the @entity3526 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['Arteriosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['artery or neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity16752 :: ('MESH:D008210', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic cyst of the neck']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian steal syndrome']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the long-term prognosis of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in @entity1 without structural @entity299 ( @entity299 ). METHODS: Holter monitoring, exercise test, echocardiography, right angiography, coronary angiography, and electrophysiologic study were performed in 810 @entity1 with @entity1165 . RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 (mean age, 45    17 years) had no apparent @entity299 . @entity1165 was reproduced at electrophysiologic study in 62 @entity1 . Mean follow-up was 9.7    7 years. Initially, 91% were treated with drugs. Defibrillator was implanted in 4, including 2 for @entity4128 right @entity296 diagnosed later. @entity1165 ablation was performed in 3 @entity1 . Three @entity1 older than 70 years died of nonarrhythmic cause. Other @entity1 are alive without antiarrhythmic drug treatment in 50%. Three developed a @entity384 ; and 2, @entity955 . CONCLUSIONS: Invasive treatment was rarely required in @entity1 with @entity1165 without @entity299 . The prognosis was only dependent on the age and the pattern of electrocardiogram in @entity1165 .

title: XXXX without apparent @entity299 : long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmogenic']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'HD']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['Ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex that adds telomeric DNA to the ends of linear chromosomes. It contains two core canonical components: the essential RNA component, @entity7066 , which provides the template for DNA synthesis, and the reverse transcriptase protein component, @entity2215 . Low telomerase activity in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been associated with a variety of diseases. It is unknown, however, whether telomerase, in addition to its long-term requirement for telomere maintenance, is also necessary for short-term immune cell proliferation and survival. We report that overexpression of enzymatically inactive @entity7066 mutants protected against @entity619 -induced apoptosis in stimulated CD4 T cells. Furthermore, @entity7066 knockdown reproducibly induced apoptosis in the absence of any detectable telomere @entity3207 or DNA damage response. In contrast, @entity2215 knockdown did not induce apoptosis. Strikingly, overexpression of @entity2215 protein caused apoptosis that was rescued by overexpression of enzymatically inactive @entity7066 mutants. Hence, we propose that @entity7066 can function as a noncoding RNA that protects from apoptosis independent of its function in telomerase enzymatic activity and long-term telomere maintenance in normal @entity1 immune cells. These results imply that genetic or environmental factors that alter @entity7066 levels can directly affect immune cell function to influence health and disease.

title: An antiapoptotic role for telomerase RNA in XXXX immune cells independent of telomere integrity or telomerase enzymatic activity.

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main objectives of this study were to review the clinic and endoscopic variables of @entity1 with @entity360 ( @entity360 ) due to peptic @entity75 who were evaluated in our hospital during one year, to identify the characteristics associated with a negative evolution of the @entity360 and to analyse the characteristics of those @entity1 who were discharged immediately after the endoscopy was performed. @entity1 AND METHOD: A one-year retrospective analysis of all @entity360 episodes was performed. @entity1 having @entity10189 or erosive @entity3621 / @entity9317 at endoscopy were included. The prognostic value of several clinic, laboratory and endoscopic variables was evaluated. Persistence or recurrence of @entity548 , surgery and mortality were considered as outcome variables (the variable evolution was categorized as negative when any of these was observed). RESULTS: 156 @entity1 were identified, with a mean (SD) age of 61 (17) years. Melena was the most frequent @entity360 presentation (79%). 46% @entity1 had associated diseases and 50% were taking gastroerosive drugs. Duodenal @entity1066 was the commonest cause of @entity360 (52%), followed by @entity2275 (30%). The evolution of @entity360 was negative in 7% cases. Variables associated with a negative evolution in the multivariate analysis were: age, red hematemesis, systolic blood pressure >= 100 mmHg, heart rate >= 100 b.p.m. and a more severe Forrest endoscopic classification. 11% @entity1 were discharged immediately, without complications afterwards. If predictive variables obtained in the multivariate analysis would have been applied, hospitalization would have been avoided in 59 @entity1 (38%) without subsequent complications. CONCLUSIONS: A number of clinic and endoscopic variables ( @entity360 presentation form, blood pressure, heart rate, and Forrest endoscopic classification) with prognostic value have been identified in this study. These variables are easy to obtain and apply in clinical practice, allowing a precise estimate of the @entity360 evolution. Thus, a relatively high number of @entity1 with @entity360 susceptible of ambulatory treatment and management can be reliably identified.

title: [Clinical and endoscopic prognostic factors in XXXX with @entity548 peptic @entity1066 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['UGB', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenitis']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity6112 in decompensated @entity1575 is frequently accompanied by @entity4 , @entity843 , and hydrothorax. Whether @entity2294 occurs in such @entity1 has not been studied. Twenty-seven consecutively hospitalized @entity1 with @entity843 secondary to alcoholic @entity1575 were studied, and 28 control subjects were studied with the use of an echocardiographic method to detect @entity2294 and to evaluate their left ventricular (LV) function. Seventeen @entity1 (63%) and three control subjects (11%) showed @entity2294 . The prevalence of @entity2294 in the @entity1 was significantly greater than in the control subjects (chi 2 = 10.6). Although the mean values of the echocardiographic measurements of LV function of the @entity1 and the control subjects did not differ significantly, the individual values of the @entity1 varied considerably. Among the @entity1 , six @entity1 (27%) had @entity1002 , 14 @entity1 (64%) had normal values, and two @entity1 (9%) had values suggestive of hypercontractility of the left ventricle. Furthermore, abnormal systolic motions of the mitral valve and/or septum were noted in eight @entity1 (30%) but in none of the control subjects. Six @entity1 with @entity2294 on initial examination were evaluated after the resolution of their @entity843 ; @entity2294 disappeared in two @entity1 , diminished in two others, and remained unchanged in two @entity1 . Resolution of @entity843 was also associated with normalization of the systolic motion of the mitral valve and septum. It was concluded that @entity2294 is common in @entity1 with @entity843 secondary to @entity7160 and that its presence is probably related to @entity6112 .

title: @entity2294 and @entity1002 associated with @entity843 secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['fluid retention', 'Fluid retention']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver', 'hepatic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the use of a new assessment tool for diagnosis of @entity8018 in the lower limb to the Beighton score for generalised @entity8018 . METHODS: Three groups of @entity1 were compared (n = 225) and included a "normal" population of 116 school @entity1 , a "possible hypermobile" group of 88 @entity1 attending afoot and gait clinic and a "known hypermobile" group of 21 @entity1 referred from a paediatrician or rheumatologist. The Beighton score was used to measure generalised @entity8018 . The Lower Limb Assessment Score was used to measure @entity8018 in the lower limbs. RESULTS: The Lower Limb Assessment Score was able to distinguish between the three groups of @entity1 better than the Beighton score. At a threshold of 5/9 indicating @entity8018 , the Beighton score identified @entity8018 in 34% of school @entity1 ; the lower limb score identified @entity8018 in 21% of school @entity1 after a threshold was identified. There was disagreement between the scores in school @entity1 where 26.7% of @entity1 appeared to have a positive Beighton score that was not accompanied by a positive lower limb score. In the "known hypermobile" group the Beighton score was positive in only 10% of @entity1 when the lower limb score was negative for @entity8018 . CONCLUSION: In this group of school @entity1 , the Beighton score appeared to over-diagnose @entity8018 at the threshold of 5/9. Specific thresholds for diagnosis need to be set dependant on the age and ethnic group of the population being studied. The Lower Limb Assessment Score may be a useful score for health professionals specifically interested in lower limb @entity8018 .

title: Joint XXXX : the use of a new assessment tool to measure lower limb @entity8018 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility']

answer: @entity8018 :: (MESH:C536196,Disease) :: ['hypermobility']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and functional outcomes resulting from the allograft-composite technique used for proximal femoral osteoarticular reconstruction in @entity1 who had limb salvage surgery for primary @entity5 . DESIGN: A retrospective review of a prospectively gathered database to provide a descriptive study. SETTING: A tertiary care musculoskeletal oncology unit in a university hospital. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 treated between 1987 and 1993 were eligible for inclusion in this study if they met the following criteria: they were treated surgically for a primary @entity5 ; and a proximal femoral allograft-implant composite technique was used for the reconstruction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Major @entity260 with emphasis on mechanical complications in the reconstructive composite implant. Functional outcome in a subset of @entity1 using the 1987 and 1994 versions of the @entity85 Society instrument, the Short-Form-36 and the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score. RESULTS: There were 5 mechanical and 2 infectious complications requiring surgical intervention. Functional scores were generally low. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the perceived benefits of the composite technique may accrue only to a few @entity1 , partly owing to the risk of mechanical complications. Although these can be reduced by avoiding the use of cement in the host femur, the generally poor functional outcomes suggest that this technique needs to be studied further in this group of @entity1 and compared with other reconstructive techniques, particularly the prosthetic implant.

title: Evaluation of the allograft-prosthesis composite technique for proximal femoral reconstruction after resection of a primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumour', 'bone tumours']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bone tumour']


abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the imaging features by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ) in @entity82 @entity1 . We registered the CEUS images of @entity82 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity1419 . In all cases magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done to confirm the diagnosis and/or staging purposes. A total of 21 @entity1 met all the criteria to be included in the study. The median nodule size was 32 mm. All nodules showed contrast enhancement at arterial phase; in 10 cases it was homogeneous and in 11 cases peripheral (rim-like). All nodules displayed washout during the venous phases; it appeared during the first 60 seconds in 10 nodules, between 60-120 seconds in five cases, and in six cases after 2 minutes. Ten nodules (five larger than 2 cm) displayed homogeneous contrast uptake followed by washout and they correspond to the specific pattern of @entity157 according to the American Association for the Study of @entity409 criteria. However, none of these lesions displayed washout on MRI. CONCLUSION: CEUS should not be used as the sole imaging technique for conclusive @entity157 diagnosis and if the MRI does not display the diagnostic vascular pattern, a confirmatory biopsy is mandatory.

title: Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma in @entity82 XXXX may display a vascular pattern similar to @entity157 on contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']