abstract: Several metastasizing @entity19 and @entity1 animal models for @entity263 are available. However, these models are @entity342 -independent and lack differentiated features such as @entity342 receptor and @entity342 -regulated gene expression like prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The objective of this study was to develop a metastasizing @entity263 model with differentiated features using the @entity1 LNCaP cell line. Athymic and @entity915 @entity19 were injected either s.c. or intraprostatically with 1 x 10(6) LNCaP cells. Changes in serum and @entity5 PSA mRNA levels were determined before and after castration to assess time to @entity342 -independent progression. Local @entity5 and metastatic growth was assessed at sacrifice after 12 weeks. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect circulating LNCaP cells. @entity5 incidence after s.c. injection was 100% (65 of 65) in @entity915 @entity19 and 80% in athymic @entity19 . No lymph node or distant @entity3 were observed with s.c. @entity5 , and RT-PCR for PSA transcripts was negative. Primary @entity5 incidence after intraprostatic injection was 89% (39 of 44) in @entity915 @entity19 and 60% in athymic @entity19 . In 10 @entity915 @entity19 with @entity5 followed for 12 weeks, retroperitoneal or mediastinal lymph node @entity3 were found in 100%, and microscopic pulmonary @entity3 were identified in 40%. RT-PCR for PSA transcripts was positive in 3 of 10 mice tested. Serum PSA levels in @entity19 with s.c. and @entity5 decreased by 65% to nadir levels at 7 and 4 days after castration, respectively. Serum PSA and @entity5 PSA mRNA levels increased to precastration levels earlier in @entity915 @entity19 with @entity5 compared to those with s.c. @entity5 . Intraprostatic injection of LNCaP cells in @entity915 @entity19 provides a useful animal model to investigate mechanisms of @entity3 and to evaluate therapies targeted toward inhibiting the metastatic cascade.

title: A metastatic and @entity342 -sensitive @entity1 XXXX model using intraprostatic inoculation of LNCaP cells in @entity915 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'LNCaP tumor', 'primary tumors', 'intraprostatic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: A 33-year-old @entity1 with inappropriate secretion of TSH and a 2-mm @entity4611 is described. She had a high serum free T4 concentration (31 pmol/L) with an inappropriately nonsuppressible serum TSH concentration (0.93 mU/L). The alpha/TSH molar ratio was 2.3 and magnetic resonance imaging with @entity2287 enhancement identified an area of low signal intensity in the left lateral pituitary gland. However, TSH secretion was not completely autonomous. There was a significant response to exogenous @entity1218 stimulation and suppression by T3 administration. Therefore, it was difficult to rule out a nonfunctioning @entity977 with concomitant pituitary selective @entity21584 . A 2-mm microadenoma was excised via transsphenoidal surgery. The @entity5 cells were immunoreactive to antisera to alpha-subunit and minimally immunoreactive to antisera to TSHbeta. The @entity1 's thyroid function normalized after surgery without medication. Because the @entity652 could become large and intractable if the @entity1 was treated inadequately, early diagnosis and treatment are important in @entity1 with TSH secreting @entity652 .

title: Difficulty in differentiating thyrotropin secreting XXXX from pituitary-selective thyroid hormone resistance accompanied by pituitary incidentaloma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity21584 :: ('MESH:D018382', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid hormone resistance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary microadenoma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['pituitary microadenoma']


abstract: Some authors contend that @entity1 with idiopathic @entity16 who are also anti-gliadin antibody seropositive are gluten sensitive. However, anti-gliadin antibodies lack disease specificity being found in 10% of healthy blood donors. We report a study comparing anti-gliadin antibody with other food antibodies in @entity1 with @entity2055 (20), @entity2746 (seven), or @entity1897 (32). @entity1 were HLA typed. IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG) were measured. No case was positive for IgA anti-tTG making occult @entity66 unlikely. HLA @entity7922 were found distributed equally across all @entity1 groups and unrelated to gliadin antibody status. HLA @entity7922 expressing, anti-gliadin antibody positive cases (so called " @entity2055 ") were rare in our clinics (four cases in 2 years from a population of 2 million). We conclude that @entity66 per se is not commonly associated with either @entity2055 or @entity1897 . Our study also casts doubt on the nosological status of " @entity2055 " as a discreet disease entity. All food antibodies tested, particularly IgG, were a common finding in both @entity1897 groups. No particular food antibody was associated with any @entity1 group. Food antibodies were equally common in @entity2746 . We conclude they are a non-specific finding.

title: XXXX , @entity1897 , and anti-gliadin antibody. Guilt by association?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia and peripheral neuropathy', 'idiopathic peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary ataxias']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['gluten ataxia', 'idiopathic ataxia']

answer: @entity2055 :: (MESH:D001259,Disease) :: ['Ataxia']


abstract: 1. The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the NK3 @entity4756 receptor agonist, senktide (10 nmol each side), in @entity840 pretreated with the selective NK3 @entity4756 receptor antagonist, @entity21386 (3 mg kg(-1) subcutaneous, s.c., 30 min before senktide), or its less active enantiomer, @entity21386 (3 mg kg(-1) s.c. 30 min before senktide), on behaviour and on the distribution of @entity37609 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity37609 - @entity3162 ) in central neurones were investigated. @entity840 were chosen for the study since they possess NK3 @entity4756 receptors with pharmacological characteristics similar to those in @entity1 . 2. Wet- @entity235 shakes, but not locomotor activity, elicited by senktide i.c.v. were significantly reduced by @entity21386 but not by @entity21386 , confirming the involvement of NK3 @entity4756 receptors in wet- @entity235 shake behaviour. 3. @entity53468 induced increased numbers of @entity37609 - @entity3162 neurones in the following brain areas: frontal, parietal and piriform cortex, the lateral septum, the @entity17210 , @entity49374 , subiculum and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, most areas in the amygdala, thalamus and hypothalamus, medial geniculate nucleus and the ventral cochlear nucleus. Pretreatment with @entity21386 , but not with @entity21386 , before administration of senktide inhibited @entity37609 - @entity3162 expression in the cingulate cortex, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, some regions of the thalamus, hypothalamus and amygdala and the ventral cochlear nucleus. 4. The present results are the first demonstration that senktide induces @entity37609 - @entity3162 in widespread areas of the @entity840 brain. It is proposed that NK3 @entity4756 receptors may play a more extensive role in the control of diverse brain functions, including cortical processing, learning and memory, neuroendocrine and behavioural regulation, than is currently recognized.

title: Localization of XXXX -like immunoreactivity induced by the NK3 @entity4756 receptor agonist, senktide, in the @entity840 brain.

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea-pigs', 'guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin']

answer: @entity37609 :: (100713572,Gene) :: ['Fos']


abstract: The inclusion of research diagnostic criteria for @entity14052 ( @entity14052 ) in the DSM-IV recognizes the fact that some @entity1 have extremely distressing emotional and behavioral symptoms premenstrually. @entity14052 can be differentiated from @entity3010 ( @entity3010 ), which presents with milder physical symptoms, @entity10 , and more minor mood changes. In addition, @entity14052 can be differentiated from premenstrual magnification of physical and/or psychological symptoms of a concurrent @entity146 . As many as 75% of @entity1 with regular menstrual cycles experience some symptoms of @entity3010 , according to epidemiologic surveys. @entity14052 is much less common; it affects only 3% to 8% of @entity1 in this group. The etiology of @entity14052 is largely unknown, but the current consensus is that normal ovarian function (rather than hormone imbalance) is the cyclical trigger for @entity14052 -related biochemical events within the central nervous system and other target organs. The serotonergic system is in close reciprocal relationship with the gonadal hormones and has been identified as the most plausible target for interventions. Thus, beyond the conservative treatment options such as lifestyle and stress management, other nonantidepressant treatments, or the more extreme interventions that eliminate ovulation altogether, the @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are emerging as the most effective treatment option for this population. Results from several randomized, placebo-controlled trials in @entity1 with @entity14052 have clearly demonstrated that the SRIs have excellent efficacy and minimal side effects. More recently, several preliminary studies indicate that intermittent (premenstrual only) treatment with selective SRIs is equally effective in these @entity1 and, thus, may offer an attractive treatment option for a disorder that is itself intermittent.

title: XXXX and the @entity750 system: pathophysiology and treatment.

entities_list: @entity14052 :: ('MESH:D065446', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual dysphoric disorder', 'PMDD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric and/or medical disorder']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'premenstrual syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3010 :: (MESH:D011293,Disease) :: ['Premenstrual dysphoria']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity263 with metastatic @entity1745 have better survival prognosis than other @entity1 with MSCC and may live long enough to develop a local recurrence of MSCC. This study investigates prognostic factors and radiation schedules for functional outcome and local control of MSCC after radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 281 @entity1 irradiated between January 1992 and December 2003 were included. Potential prognostic factors were investigated including age, performance status, number of involved vertebra, pretreatment ambulatory status, time of developing @entity51 before @entity138 and radiation schedule--short course @entity138 (1x8/5x4 Gy) vs long course @entity138 (10x3/15x2.5/20x2 Gy). RESULTS: Overall response to @entity138 was 86% (33% improvement of motor function, 53% no further progression). Of the nonambulatory @entity1 33% regained the ability to walk. On multivariate analysis functional outcome was significantly affected by the time of developing @entity51 before @entity138 (more than 14 days better than 8 to 14 days and 1 to 7 days, p <0.001) and number of involved vertebrae (1 to 2 better than 3 or more, p = 0.013), but not by the radiation schedule (p = 0.859). The 2-year local control of MSCC was 84% depending on the radiation schedule (better after long course @entity138 , p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Functional outcome after @entity138 was significantly influenced by the time of developing @entity51 before @entity138 and number of involved vertebra. Local control was significantly better after application of long course @entity138 . @entity1 with a poor expected survival could be treated with short course @entity138 , because a short treatment time means less discomfort for the @entity1 . For @entity1 with good survival prognosis, long course @entity138 should be applied to achieve better local control.

title: Evaluation of functional outcome and local control after radiotherapy for metastatic XXXX in @entity1 with @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['spinal cord compression']


abstract: The effectiveness of electroporation as a means of gene transfection, both in vitro and in vivo, was tested using the @entity3307 @entity1014 kinase (HSVtk) gene in combination with @entity4540 (GCV) administration as therapy against @entity19 mammary @entity5 . Approximately 80% of BJMC3879 metastatic @entity189 cells, derived from @entity6584 -infected BALB/c @entity19 , died as a result of HSVtk/GCV treatment 72 hours after the transfection; decreased DNA synthesis was also seen. @entity5 induced by inoculation of syngeneic @entity19 with BJMC3879 cells were subsequently treated by direct injection of vector containing HSVtk (pHSVtk) alone, empty vector or saline alone twice a week. After each injection, the @entity5 were subjected to in vivo electroporation. @entity19 treated with pHSVtk or saline were intraperitoneally injected with GCV at 40 mg/kg five times a week. Significantly reduced @entity5 volumes were observed for the pHSVtk+GCV group in experimental week 2 and thereafter throughout the 2-month study. DNA synthesis was significantly decreased as well in the pHSVtk+GCV group compared with all other groups. Furthermore, @entity3 to lymph nodes and lungs was significantly suppressed by HSVtk/GCV treatment. Expression of HSVtk in the @entity5 was confirmed by RT-PCR. Macrophage accumulations were frequently observed in the peripheries of necrotic regions in HSVtk/GCV-treated @entity5 , where levels of apoptosis were significantly higher than those observed in other groups. We therefore conclude that in vivo electroporation can result in efficient gene transfer and that the HSVtk/GCV prodrug system strongly suppresses @entity5 growth and @entity3 in this model.

title: Suppression of @entity19 XXXX growth and @entity3 by HSVtk/GCV gene therapy using in vivo electroporation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Mammary tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['herpes simplex virus 1']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['mammary carcinoma']


abstract: Patch angioplasty has been reported as a suitable surgical option for @entity1 with isolated @entity3979 , but controversy still exists concerning its effectiveness. We report the cases of 4 additional @entity1 in whom this procedure was performed, including that of a @entity1 with @entity850 ; and we review the literature pertaining to @entity850 . Four @entity1 , 3 with isolated stenosis of the left main coronary ostium and 1 with @entity850 , had direct surgical ostioplasty from January through November 1994. We considered the cause of @entity850 to be @entity3665 (of suspected syphilitic origin) in 1 @entity1 , @entity731 in 2 @entity1 , and a fibrous membrane in the 4th. Ostioplasty was performed with a patch of autologous pericardium in 3 @entity1 (fresh pericardium in 2 and @entity3584 -fixed in 1) and a patch of saphenous vein in 1. There were no operative deaths. One @entity1 underwent successful reoperation for left main @entity453 after 3 months. All other @entity1 are asymptomatic at 16, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. In the @entity1 who underwent bilateral ostioplasty, coronary angiography showed patent ostia at 1 year. Surgical ostioplasty should be considered in the treatment of @entity1 who have @entity850 but no distal @entity301 . Careful @entity1 selection seems to be a prerequisite for surgical success.

title: Surgical angioplasty for isolated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary ostial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery restenosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['ostial stenosis', 'isolated ostial stenosis', 'bilateral ostial stenosis']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary ostial stenosis']


abstract: The unfavorable prognosis for @entity1 with advanced and bulky early stage @entity5 may be improved by initial neoadjuvant cytoreductive chemotherapy. In a phase II study using @entity1260 in combination with @entity900 / @entity1732 ( @entity30821 ) in advanced and recurrent cervical @entity5 , we demonstrated a response rate of 69%. To determine whether this high response rate was a result of @entity1 selection, and to assess the influence of combination chemotherapy on survival in @entity1 with recurrent disease, a retrospective analysis of five phase II studies of @entity1732 , @entity1260 , and @entity900 combinations was performed. The type of chemotherapy regimen ( @entity30821 v others) was the most significant factor in determining the likelihood of response. Combination chemotherapy did not appear to confer a survival advantage in @entity1 with recurrent disease. The @entity30821 regimen produced rapid responses with acceptable @entity137 , and had potential for use as neoadjuvant therapy prior to radical radiotherapy in @entity1 with advanced and bulky early stage disease. In an initial pilot study of this approach, 13 of 19 @entity1 (68%) with primary inoperable disease had significant @entity5 regression prior to radical local radiotherapy. Interim analysis of the first 66 @entity1 entered into a randomized study evaluating this approach has shown complete clinical @entity5 resolution after radical radiotherapy in 24 of 32 @entity1 (75%) treated with up to three cycles of @entity30821 prior to radiotherapy compared with 19 of 34 @entity1 (56%) treated with radiotherapy alone. There has been no evidence that neoadjuvant chemotherapy enhances the acute toxic effects of pelvic radiotherapy. Therefore, this approach has potential to improve therapeutic outcome in @entity1 with poor-prognosis @entity66 .

title: Experience with @entity1732 , XXXX , and @entity900 in primary and recurrent cervical @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'cancer of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The significance of limited resections, including wedge resection and segmentectomy, remains controversial because of their curability rates. In the current study, the objective was to determine a strategy for the treatment of @entity1 with roentgenographically occult bronchogenic @entity957 (ROSCC) based on the pathologic findings from 184 @entity1 with ROSCC who underwent resection. METHODS: In Miyagi Prefecture, 1422 @entity1 with @entity2 were diagnosed during a mass screening program between 1982 and 1995. Among them, 236 @entity1 had ROSCC, and 184 @entity1 with ROSCC underwent pulmonary resection followed by systemic lymph node dissection. RESULTS: Pathologically, only 0.9% of the ROSCCs that were within the range of endoscopic visibility were revealed to have lymph node involvement, whereas 13% of @entity1 with extracartilage invasion had lymph node involvement. Early ROSCC, which means ROSCC that is limited within the cartilaginous layer and is without lymph node involvement, comprised 90% of ROSCCs that measured <10 mm in longitudinal extension, comprised 77% of ROSCCs that measured 10-29 mm in longitudinal extension, and comprised 33% of ROSCCs that measured >30 mm in longitudinal extension. Eighty-nine percent of the @entity5 with lymph node involvement had extracartilaginous invasion. The 3-year survival rate of @entity1 after undergoing photodynamic therapy was 100% when their @entity5 was regarded as early ROSCC (i.e., within 10 mm in longitudinal extension and within the range of endoscopic visibility). To date, 18 @entity1 with ROSCC underwent segmentectomy, and all of these @entity1 are alive without @entity5 recurrence. The incidence rate of @entity2 , including synchronous and @entity5 , in @entity1 with ROSCC was 22%. CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded the following: 1) @entity1 with lesions that are within the range of endoscopic visibility and that measure <10 mm in longitudinal extension are candidates for photodynamic therapy. 2) @entity1 with lesions that are beyond the range of endoscopic visibility or that measure >10 mm in longitudinal extension are candidates for segmentectomy as long as intraoperative examination shows a @entity5 free bronchial stump and negative lymph nodes 11-13. 3) @entity1 with lesions that show @entity2488 or extrabronchial invasion should undergo standard resection.

title: A therapeutic approach to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'metachronous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lung carcinomas', 'lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['roentgenographically occult squamous cell carcinoma of the lung']


abstract: @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) is a powerful mitogenic and/or anti-apoptotic peptide produced by many @entity5 cells. To evaluate the potential role of the endothelin system in @entity463 we first determined the cellular distribution of the mRNA and proteins of the components of the endothelin system, @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ), @entity17614 ( @entity17614 ), and @entity2231 and ET(B) receptors in @entity1 @entity463 tissue and @entity463 cell lines. @entity2232 , @entity17614 , and @entity2231 receptor were highly expressed in @entity463 vessels and in some scattered @entity463 areas whereas ET(B) receptor was mainly found in @entity5 cells. This suggests that @entity463 vessels constitute an important source of @entity2232 that acts on @entity5 cells via the ET(B) receptor. Four @entity1 @entity463 cell lines expressed mRNA for all of the components of the @entity2232 pathway. Bosentan, a mixed @entity2231 and ET(B) receptor antagonist, induced apoptosis in these cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis was potentiated by @entity12 (APO-1L, @entity12 ), a pro-apoptotic peptide, only in LNZ308 cells, corresponding to the known functional Fas expression in these cell lines. LNZ308 cells also expressed the long and short forms of the cellular @entity1182 ( @entity1182 ). Bosentan and a protein kinase C inhibitor down-regulated short @entity1182 in these cells. @entity2232 induced transient phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase but did not induce long-term @entity1014 incorporation in LNZ308 @entity463 cells. These results suggest that, in @entity463 cells, @entity2232 , mainly acting via the ET(B) receptor, is a survival/antiapoptotic factor produced by @entity5 vasculature, but not a proliferation factor, involving protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways, and stabilization of the short form of @entity1182 .

title: The endothelin system in XXXX @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1182 :: ('8837', 'Gene') :: ['FLICE/caspase-8 inhibitory protein', 'FLIP']

entities_list: @entity2232 :: ('1906', 'Gene') :: ['preproendothelin-1', 'PPET-1', 'Endothelin-1', 'ET-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity17614 :: ('1889', 'Gene') :: ['ECE-1', 'endothelin-converting enzyme-1']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity19674 dehydrogenases (17beta-HSD) regulate the intracellular concentration of active sex @entity134 hormones in target tissues. To date, at least 14 different isozymes have been identified. The type 8 @entity19674 dehydrogenase ( @entity56180 ) selectively catalyzes the conversion of @entity53 (E2) to @entity1815 (E1). To map the promoter region and to investigate its regulation, we cloned and fused a 1600 bp DNA fragment upstream of the @entity56180 transcriptional start site to a luciferase reporter gene. After transient transfection in HepG2 cells, this fragment was shown to possess promoter activity. Deletion constructs of the 5' flanking region of the @entity56180 gene led to the identification of the minimal promoter region within the first 75 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site. This region included two CCAAT boxes and sequences closely resembling the consensus @entity3419 and NF-kappaB motifs. Site directed mutagenesis revealed that the CCAAT boxes were essential for transcription in HepG2. EMSA, supershift and chromatin immunoprecipitation reflected that these sequences were binding sites for @entity9322 . Furthermore, promoter activity was increased by the co-transfection of a @entity9322 expression vector, and this transactivation was through both CCAAT boxes. Our studies indicate that @entity9322 is essential for the transcription of the @entity56180 gene in the liver.

title: Transcriptional regulation of the human type 8 XXXX dehydrogenase gene by @entity9322 .

entities_list: @entity19674 :: ('CHEBI:35343', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-Hydroxysteroid', '17beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity19674 :: (CHEBI:35343,Chemical) :: ['17beta-hydroxysteroid']


abstract: The adaptation of @entity1 skeletal muscle to endurance training and detraining has been investigated. The following variables were monitored: phenotypic expression of slow and fast isoforms of myofibrillar @entity4430 , as well as contractile and regulatory proteins, capillary supply and fibre areas, levels of enzymes in the main metabolic pathways and the @entity2125 shuttles. For the latter purpose, several methodological surveys were undertaken. The main findings and conclusions are: Endurance training can induce a transformation of type II (fast-twitch) fibres into myofibrillar @entity4430 intermediate fibres (IM fibres: types IIC, IIC-IB and IB). Using immunohistochemical techniques, a co-existence of slow and fast isoforms of whole @entity3999 , @entity3999 heavy chains, and @entity3999 lights chains as well as troponin C, T and I components, was demonstrated in the training-induced IM fibres. Furthermore, a co-existence of slow and fast isoforms of myofibrillar @entity4430 in the IM fibres, can be anticipated from the stainings for myofibrillar @entity4430 . No neonatal @entity3999 heavy chains could be detected in any of the trained muscle fibres. The IM fibres were intermediate between type I (slow-twitch) and type II also with regard to morphological and metabolic characteristics. Along with other lines of evidence, the occurrence of IM fibres in conjunction with endurance training demonstrates that transformation of fibre type II to type I can occur in response to endurance training. On the basis of findings of a decreased spread of fibre areas among individuals in connection with extensive endurance training, it is suggested that fibre sizes are determined by two conflicting demands: good diffusion conditions and high force development. The existence of a mechanism that can elicit decreases in fibre size, despite extensive use of the fibres, is suggested. The magnitude by which levels of oxidative enzymes and capillary supply are enhanced by endurance training is dependent on both the exercise intensity and the duration. However, if the intensity is below a certain critical point, its inefficiency in stimulating to adaptive changes can not be compensated for by even a very long duration of exercise. The patterns of training-induced increases in CS, MDH and HAD indicate that the levels of these enzymes can be regulated independently. It appears possible that the levels of the @entity5910 - @entity492 shuttle enzymes can vary in relation to @entity1792 cycle enzymes depending on the extent to which oxidation of @entity1718 contributes to the metabolism. Detraining results in rather rapidly regressing levels of oxidative enzymes and capillary supply.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Plasticity of @entity1 skeletal muscle with special reference to effects of physical training on enzyme levels of the XXXX shuttles and phenotypic expression of slow and fast myofibrillar proteins.

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity2125 :: (MESH:D009243,Chemical) :: ['NADH']


abstract: @entity6701 nanomaterials (nano- @entity3759 ) exhibit stronger photochemical oxidation/reduction capacity compared with their bulk counterparts, but the effectiveness of nano- @entity3759 interaction with ultraviolet (UV) light strongly depends on particle size. In this study, the dependence of nano- @entity3759 @entity137 on particle size and interaction with UV light were investigated. @entity137 tests with @entity1238 included eight concentrations of nano- @entity3759 in the presence of either white light or UVA (315-400   nm). We quantified viability and growth of @entity1238 . Results showed that, regardless of UV light exposure, increasing @entity3759 concentration decreased @entity1238 survival (p   <   0.05). Coexposure to 5-nm @entity3759 and UVA caused near-significant decreases in @entity1238 survival (p   =   0.08). Coexposure to 10-nm @entity3759 and UVA significantly decreased @entity1238 survival (p   =   0.005). However, coexposure to 32-nm @entity3759 and UVA had no statistical effect on @entity1238 survival (p   =   0.8). For all three particle sizes, whether alone or with UV light, the nano- @entity3759 concentrations significantly affected growth of tadpoles as determined by total body length, snout-vent length, and developmental stage. High-concentration @entity3759 solutions suppressed tadpole body length and delayed developmental stages. Further research to explore reasons for the growth and mortality in tadpoles is still underway in our laboratory. Given the widespread application of nano- @entity3759 , our results may be useful in the management of nano- @entity3759 released from industrial, municipal, and nonpoint sources.

title: Effect of @entity6701 nanomaterials and ultraviolet light coexposure on XXXX ( @entity1238 ).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'X. laevis']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['Titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['African clawed frogs']


abstract: @entity11184 ( @entity11184 ) is found in high concentrations in the milk of various mammals. However, little is known about the regulation of @entity11184 production or the physiological role(s) of @entity11184 in the mammary glands. To address these questions, we examined in lactating @entity35 1) the longitudinal changes in @entity11184 concentrations in milk and @entity11184 mRNA levels in the mammary glands throughout lactation, 2) the effects of the nonsuckling interval on milk @entity11184 concentration, and 3) the correlation between @entity11184 and @entity460 concentrations in milk. @entity11184 concentrations in milk, measured by RIA and in vitro bioassay, increased with the duration of lactation. The maximal concentrations of @entity11184 (observed between days 19-21 of lactation in @entity35 milked serially) were 4.8- to 8.0-fold higher than the concentrations on day 7. @entity11184 mRNA levels in the mammary glands also increased during the late stages of lactation. The longitudinal changes in @entity460 concentrations in milk were small and did not parallel the changes in @entity11184 . When pups were removed from the mother for 4-24 h, milk @entity11184 decreased while @entity460 increased in a time-dependent manner. As a whole, @entity460 concentrations in milk did not correlate with @entity11184 throughout lactation. These data suggest that the production and secretion of @entity11184 into milk are regulated independently of the other major milk proteins by a factor(s) that changes with progression of lactation and in relation to suckling status.

title: Concentrations of parathyroid hormone-related protein in @entity35 milk change with duration of lactation and interval from previous suckling, but not with milk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Incidence of @entity378 worldwide will increase progressively unless the effective program is implemented immediately. In Japan, the decreasing of @entity378 incidence has been very slow since 1977 and this trend has not been improved till now. Six-month regimens for the treatment of @entity378 were recommended by IUATLD, ATS, CDC, and WHO and have been adopted in most developed countries since late 1980s, but not adopted in Japan till April, 1996. We studied effectiveness of 6-month regimen including @entity5585 (2HRZS or E/4HRE) on newly diagnosed @entity1907 who started the treatment in the Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti- @entity378 Association (JATA). From January 1991 to December 1997, 726 newly diagnosed @entity1907 @entity1 started treatment with 6-month regimen. Bacillary negative conversion rate among 424 @entity1 whose bacilli were susceptible to both @entity3109 and @entity1215 , was 92.9% after 2 months of treatment and who completed treatment without change of treatment regimen. Among 726 cases, 593 (81.7%) succeeded, 48 (6.6%) defaulted, 53 (7.3%) were referred to other doctors, and 32 (4.4%) died. The relapse rate after completion of the treatment was 3.2 percent among 345 @entity1 whose bacilli were susceptible to both @entity3109 and @entity1215 and who completed the treatment without change of regimen. The relapse rate among the @entity1 complicated with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was higher than that among non- @entity6 @entity1 (6.31/100 @entity1 -years vs 0.90/100 @entity1 -years) (P < 0.001). When @entity99 was defined as the elevation of serum liver enzyme levels with the clinical symptoms of @entity99 or their elevation over 5 times of normal upper limit, the incidence of @entity99 among the @entity1 treated with @entity5585 -containing 6-month regimen was not higher than that among the @entity1 treated with 9-month regimen without @entity5585 (6HRS or E/3HR) (7.9% vs 7.3%). The risk factors for @entity99 included elderly, history of gastrectomy, @entity4988 , the higher dose of @entity3109 over than 7.5 mg/kg, higher than 30 mg/kg of @entity5585 and positive HCV antibody. The effectiveness of 6-month regimen on the @entity1 whose organisms were resistant to @entity3109 and susceptible to @entity1215 was studied. The average duration of the treatment for the @entity1 started 6-month regimen was 3.2 months shorter than for the @entity1 started 9-month regimen (10.2 months vs 13.4 months). I concluded that 6-month regimen containing- @entity5585 was effective for the @entity1 with @entity3109 - @entity1215 susceptible @entity378 @entity1 except the @entity1 complicated with @entity6 . But the frequency of @entity99 was higher than that of previous reports, and further studies are needed to elucidate the cause of high frequency of @entity99 among Japanese @entity1 .

title: [The effectiveness of XXXX -containing six-month short course chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['drug-induced hepatitis', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity5585 :: (MESH:D011718,Chemical) :: ['pyrazinamide']


abstract: Glucocorticoid receptors in lines of the P1798 @entity19 @entity1893 either sensitive or resistant to glucocorticoid-induced @entity5405 have been characterized and their functional significance determined. The glucocorticoid receptor from the @entity701 -sensitive @entity5 is an Mr approximately 98,000 protein with a Stokes radius of 7.4 nm in the oligomeric, non-DNA-binding state and 5.6 nm in the transformed, DNA-binding state. This receptor binds glucocorticoid and reacts with the BUGR-2 monoclonal antibody. In contrast, two abnormal receptor species were identified in the @entity701 -resistant @entity5 . One is an Mr approximately 98,000 non- @entity134 -binding but immunologically reactive protein. The other is an Mr approximately 45,000 species which contains both @entity134 - and DNA-binding sites but exhibits little or no reactivity with BUGR-2, suggesting that its @entity2733 terminus is truncated in a region within or adjacent to the BUGR epitope. This species had Stokes radii of 5.8 and 3.5 nm in nontransformed and transformed states, respectively. In both @entity5 lines, glucocorticoids stimulated the activities of @entity1160 synthetase and 5'-nucleotidase and the synthesis of glucocortin. However, glucocorticoid-induced @entity5 regression occurred only in the @entity701 -sensitive @entity5 . Additionally, the glucocorticoid inducibility of a specific protein in the sensitive, but not in the resistant, @entity5 was demonstrated, as well as the presence of a protein specific to the resistant line. Taken together, these results suggest that the truncated glucocorticoid receptor in the @entity1893 is functional, although possibly in a more restricted gene-specific manner, and that the @entity5405 , while possibly resulting from a truncated receptor, may also result from the inability of glucocorticoids to induce a critical protein in the pathway of programmed cell death and/or from the presence of a protein which inhibits the lytic response.

title: The truncated glucocorticoid receptor in the P1798 XXXX @entity1893 is associated with resistance to glucocorticoid @entity5405 but not to other glucocorticoid-induced functions.

entities_list: @entity5405 :: ('MESH:D015275', 'Disease') :: ['lysis defect', 'lysis']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['P1798 lymphosarcoma', 'lymphosarcoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed the frequency of endocrine or @entity16 and the results of surgery in @entity1 with @entity4776 , diagnosed with cisternography and/or computerized tomography scanning. DESIGN AND @entity1 : Analysis of hospital records of 76 successive @entity1 (73 primary, three @entity4776 ) from a single institution. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical and neuro-ophthalmological evaluation. Serum PRL, GH, TSH, LH, FSH, T4, T3 by radioimmunoassay. @entity4776 with cisternography and/or computerized tomography scanning (n = 69), or discovered at surgery (n = 7). RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity4776 had: @entity10 (69.7%), @entity227 (34.2%), @entity5173 (11.8%), endocrine disturbances (51.4%, including @entity4089 , @entity2012 , @entity699 ). A @entity5 was discovered in two @entity1 , in seven other ones it was suspected but not found at surgery. Transsphenoidal packing of empty sellas was done in 56 cases, with 7.1% post-operative complications. With surgery there was improvement of @entity10 in 71%, of @entity227 in 46%. @entity5173 (discovered at surgery in four other @entity1 ) was not resolved by the first operation in six out of 13 @entity1 . In 20 @entity1 without surgery, @entity10 improved in 64.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4776 is frequently associated with a variety of @entity16 , which is contrary to conventional belief. @entity5173 is not a rare complication and it may be difficult to treat. Some cases of @entity4776 may be due to partial pituitary apoplexy. @entity792 may have existed in other cases. Surgery may be useful in many @entity1 , but a judicious selection is needed because it entails complications and non-operated @entity1 may improve spontaneously.

title: The @entity4776 : results of treatment in 76 successive cases and high frequency of endocrine and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disturbances', 'neurological and endocrine disturbances']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella', 'secondary empty sella', 'Diagnosis of empty sella']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea', 'Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmunity']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological disturbances']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Potential risk factors and visual performance measures were evaluated for relationship to self-report of clinical visual symptoms after the refractive procedure for placement of Intacs microthin prescription inserts for @entity1714 . DESIGN: Retrospective nonrandomized comparative study. @entity1 /INTERVENTION: @entity1 were @entity1 in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration phase III KeraVision prospective clinical trials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Study @entity1 (n = 263) were retrospectively classified into one of three outcome groups on the basis of postoperative self-reported visual symptoms and/or request for Intacs inserts removal through month 24. Differences between outcome groups in visual acuity, @entity2516 , corneal geometry, corneal topography, type of preoperative corrective lens wear, and demographic variables were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Clinical trial @entity1 who had preoperative mean keratometry >45 diopters (D) (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21, 0.85, P = 0.02), manifest refractive @entity940 of 0.75 D or 1.00 D (adjusted OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.25, 1.08, P = 0.08), measured uncorrected visual acuity > or =2 lines better than that predicted by their respective @entity2516 (adjusted OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.14, 1.12, P = 0.08) and/or had worn soft contact lenses (adjusted OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.32, 1.04, P = 0.07) tended to be less likely to report postoperative clinical visual symptoms with Intacs inserts. Risk of clinical visual symptoms and request for Intacs inserts removal approximately doubled for each 0.50 D of additional postoperative defocus equivalent (crude OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.39, 2.48, P = 0.00). Controlling for postoperative defocus and important preoperative risk factors, subjects who reported significant clinical visual symptoms were more likely to have had preoperative uncorrected visual acuity that was worse than that predicted by their respective @entity2516 (adjusted OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 0.98, 3.42, P = 0.06). Risk of reporting clinical visual symptoms was increased with mesopic pupil diameter > or =6.5 mm (adjusted OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 0.96, 3.24, P = 0.07). Within the group of @entity1 who reported postoperative clinical visual symptoms, 71 of 122 (58%) had ceased reporting them by month 24. CONCLUSIONS: Adjusting for important risk factors simultaneously, this study suggested that certain preoperative characteristics may increase or decrease the likelihood, depending on the characteristic, of refractive surgery candidates to report significant clinical visual symptoms with Intacs inserts.

title: Risk factors for self-reported visual symptoms with Intacs inserts for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error', 'cycloplegic refractive error']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: The present study investigated the effects of @entity9747 a novel @entity8652 -antagonist with partial @entity2263 -agonist activity on the @entity1 failing heart. Experiments were performed on isolated electrically driven atrial and ventricular cardiac preparations and in membrane preparations from the left ventricles of nine @entity1 (four with @entity384 ; five with @entity296 ) undergoing cardiac transplantation for terminal @entity712 . @entity9747 produced a negative inotropic effect in @entity2057 . However, in the presence of @entity1928 --which activates the catalyst of the @entity1920 cyclase-or the @entity268 phosphodiesterase inhibitor @entity7604 , @entity9747 produced concentration-dependent positive inotropic effects and positive lusitropic effects. Experiments with the @entity10712 -selective antagonists CGP 207.12A and ICI 118.551, respectively, suggest that the positive inotropic response is mediated by @entity2263 -adrenoceptors. In radioligand binding experiments, a selectivity of 15.7 [-Gpp(NH)p] or 23.9 [+Gpp(NH)p] as judged from the Ki values--of binding to @entity2263 -adrenoceptors was measured in the failing @entity1 ventricular myocardium. Competition curves with @entity9747 alone and in the presence of the @entity6370 @entity12831 revealed no evidence for agonist activity at @entity8652 - or @entity2263 -adrenoceptors. It is concluded that amplification of the @entity268 response is able to unmask partial agonist activity of @entity9747 in the failing @entity1 heart at @entity2263 -adrenoceptors. The inotropic measurements are a more sensitive approach than radioligand binding studies. Whether the pharmacological profile of @entity9747 will be useful in conditions like @entity712 is questionable with respect to the potential downregulation of @entity2263 -adrenoceptors by its partial agonist activity.

title: Positive inotropic effects due to partial agonistic activity of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity9747 following amplification of @entity268 formation in failing XXXX myocardium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone']

entities_list: @entity9747 :: ('MESH:D017272', 'Chemical') :: ['celiprolol', 'Celiprolol']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular heart muscle']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to explore the perception of body weight among students in schools in Jeddah City and identify the main determinants of self-perceived @entity28 , weight management goals and practices. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected from a sample of Saudi school @entity1 of 42 @entity1 ' and 42 @entity1 ' schools in Jeddah city during the month of April 2000. Personal interviews were conducted to collect data on socio-demographic factors, food choices, perception of body weight, weight management goals and weight management practices, as well as the actual measurement of weight and height. Students were asked about their perception of their body weight [responses included: very underweight (thin), slightly underweight, about right weight, slightly overweight and grossly overweight ( @entity28 )]. Proportion, prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for an attempt to lose weight and weight management practices. RESULTS: The distribution of self-perception of body size was nearly similar to the measured body mass index (BMI) classification except for the overweight students, where 21.3% perceived themselves, as slightly overweight and 5.5% as very overweight although 13.4% were actually overweight and 13.5% were @entity28 by BMI standards. Approximately half the students took at least 3 pieces of fruit or fruit juice servings, and a third ate at least 4 vegetable servings per day. A third of the students managed to lose weight. This coincides with the proportion of those actually overweight and @entity28 . Around 28.0% of the students ate less food, fat or calories, 31.0% took exercise and 17.6% were engaged in vigorous exercise to lose weight or prevent @entity1017 . Staying for at least 24 hours without food which is a potentially harmful means of weight control was practiced by 10.0% of students. Females were less likely than males to be overweight and @entity28 but more likely to perceive themselves as grossly overweight and more likely to try to lose weight. Factors associated with efforts to lose weight by eating less fat or fewer calories were older age, high social class, being @entity28 and perceiving oneself as being @entity28 . Staying for at least 24 hours without eating was mainly practiced by females, older age groups, and the @entity28 . Exercise was done mainly by the older age groups, those with educated and highly educated mothers, @entity28 and perceiving oneself as being @entity28 . Vigorous exercise was mainly performed by males, younger age groups, taking < 3 pieces of fruit or fruit juice servings per day, eating < 4 vegetable servings per day, and those perceiving themselves as @entity28 . CONCLUSION: Overweight and @entity28 are prevalent among our youth and not all @entity28 have a correct image of their body size. Highly recommended are intervention programs of education on nutrition starting in childhood through school age to promote and ensure healthy food choices, improve student's awareness of ideal body size and clinical @entity28 , encourage physical exercise but discourage potentially harmful weight control measures.

title: Perception of body weight among saudi school XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'actually obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Thow @entity1944 ( @entity1944 ) for prevention of @entity86 (ASBO) and to compare the Thow tube with other LITs. The charts of all @entity1 who had placement of a Thow tube between January 1986 and November 1998 were reviewed. Thirty-four @entity1 ranging in age from 9 to 86 years (mean 57.9) were included in the study. Twenty-five were contacted by phone for long-term follow-up. Twenty-nine @entity1 had undergone previous abdominal surgery, and in 11 of 29 the previous surgery was for ASBO. Indications for surgery and Thow tube placement included: @entity1744 (25), perforated viscus (five), @entity189 (two), @entity1960 (one), and atonic bowel (one). Review of the operative notes revealed no difficulty in advancing the Thow tube in 32 of 34 @entity1 (94%). Thow tube-related complications occurred in nine @entity1 (25%). All complications were associated with the @entity3337 , and only one @entity1 required surgery for the complication. Two (5.9%) @entity1 developed recurrent obstruction during a mean follow-up of 52 months. In one @entity1 the obstruction was caused by adhesions and in another it was the result of an @entity6177 . Of 23 @entity1 treated for ASBO at the time of Thow tube placement no @entity1 (0%) developed recurrent ASBO during the follow-up period (total 110.5 @entity1 -years). This study along with a review of the literature suggests that LITs decrease the risk of recurrent ASBO. The Thow tube, however, is easily placed and is associated with fewer and less severe complications than other LITs.

title: Twelve-year experience with the Thow XXXX : a means of preventing @entity86 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['long intestinal tube', 'LIT']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3337 :: ('MESH:D009371', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy site']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['long intestinal tube']


abstract: Although diagnostic CSF removal in @entity1 with suspected normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH) is performed frequently, its impact on changes of the global brain volume and volume of the ventricles has not been studied in detail. We examined 20 @entity1 with clinical and radiological signs of NPH. These received MRI prior to and immediately after diagnostic CSF removal, either via lumbar puncture (TAP, n = 10) or via @entity2649 ( @entity2649 , n = 10). Changes in global brain volume were assessed using SIENA, a tool from the FSL software library. Additionally, we determined the change of the lateral ventricles' volume by manual segmentation. Furthermore, we recorded systematic clinical assessments of the key features of NPH. The median volume of CSF removed was 35 ml in TAP @entity1 and 406 ml in @entity2649 @entity1 . Changes in global brain volume were found in both @entity1 groups. Brain volume change was significantly larger in @entity2649 @entity1 than in TAP @entity1 (p = 0.022), and correlated with the volume of CSF removal (r = 0.628, p = 0.004). Brain volume expansion was most pronounced adjacent to the lateral ventricles, but also detectable in the temporal and frontal regions. The median ventricular volume decreased after CSF removal. @entity67 was more pronounced in @entity2649 @entity1 than in TAP @entity1 . This study quantifies for the first time immediate volumetric changes of global brain tissue and of ventricles after diagnostic CSF removal in NPH @entity1 . In particular, we report evidence that CSF removal results in a change of the brain volume rather than only a change of the brain's shape.

title: MR volumetric changes after diagnostic CSF removal in normal pressure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['ELD', 'external lumbar drainage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study sought to investigate the effects of implant dose/volume and surgical resection on survival in a @entity35 @entity11 brachytherapy model. Two doses were investigated to determine a suitable therapeutic range. METHODS: We performed two experiments. Three treatment groups and one control group of male F-344 @entity35 bearing 9L @entity1313 12 days after @entity5 inoculation were used in the first experiment. Day 12 @entity5 were an average of 4 to 6 mm in diameter. Animals treated with brachytherapy received a @entity5 dose of 80 Gy delivered to a 5.5-mm-radius volume. Total @entity5 removal was achieved by microsurgical techniques. A subsequent experiment compared the survival of @entity5 -burdened @entity35 treated with an implant dose of 60 Gy delivered to a 5.5-mm-radius volume with a control group. RESULTS: Surgery alone produced an increased life span of 28.6% over control animals treated with sham surgery and dummy seed implants, a statistically significant increase in survival (P = 0.0023, log-rank test). Brachytherapy alone produced the most significant increase in survival over control animals (P = 0.0001, log-rank test; median survival not attained with an implant dose of 80 Gy delivered to a 5.5-mm-radius volume; and P = 0.0001, increased life span 121% with an implant dose of 60 Gy delivered to a 5.5-mm-radius volume). This was not improved by the addition of surgical @entity5 removal. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated a relationship between implant dose/volume and survival of @entity5 -burdened @entity35 in this model that is not improved by the addition of @entity5 removal. Implications for @entity1313 brachytherapy are discussed.

title: Effect of implant dose/volume and surgical resection on survival in a @entity35 @entity11 brachytherapy model: implications for XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'macroscopic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: Evidence for genes associated with risk for @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) in the extended region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes is accumulating. The aim of this study was to investigate the association pattern of the extended MHC region with @entity1723 susceptibility to identify effects independent of well established DR/DQ genes. A total of 394 Europid families with @entity1723 were genotyped for the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the @entity55355 ( @entity55355 ) gene, @entity55356 , in the MHC telomeric region. The OR provides "an internal depiction of our external world" through the capture of odorant molecules in the main OR system by several large families of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). These receptors transduce and chemosignals into the central nervous system (CNS). This SNP was chosen to identify its association with @entity1723 . Interestingly, OR14J1C allele was significantly associated with @entity1723 that seems to go with DRB1*0401,   (2)=10.9, p=0.0003. However, by fixing both genes of DR*0401-DQB1*0302, high risk, the association of @entity1723 with OR14J1C still existed,   (2)=7.4, p=0.005. The occurrence of association of the @entity55355 C allele with @entity1723 @entity1 with DRB1*401/DQB1*0302 is an independent risk for @entity1723 . As an accumulative report suggests the role of OR in the pathogenesis of @entity6 and other @entity2412 , undoubtedly, this haplotype specific alteration of @entity1723 risk is an independent risk for the disease and can address the promising MHC-linked gene other than DR/DQ. Moreover, there is nothing to hinder for that this might be a signal that identifies the role of OR gene in the pathogenesis of @entity1723 in @entity1 who are prone to @entity2412 .

title: Haplotype specific alteration of XXXX MHC risk by olfactory receptor gene polymorphism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microvascular']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes', 'T1D']

entities_list: @entity55355 :: ('442191', 'Gene') :: ['olfactory receptor family 14, subfamily J, member 1', 'OR14J1']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Research examining the heart rate response of @entity1 to apnoea and @entity24823 in water has tended to produce equivocal results. Controversy exists in relation to the existence and onset, course and ultimate extent of @entity1168 , either at rest or during exercise. The reduction in heart rate that has been observed in response to apnoea and @entity24823 is considered by some to be a component of an @entity26 conserving mechanism termed the @entity1 dive reflex. Doubt has been expressed, however, as to whether @entity1 do possess the complex cardiovascular response evident in diving mammals. A bradycardial response to apnoea at rest is reasonably well established. Reports conflict with regard to apnoeic responses to exercise in both terrestrial and aquatic environments, and for the temporal onset of @entity1168 in general, and the time course required for the maximal development of the response. It is suggested that the existing discrepancies with regard to heart rate responses to apnoea are due in part to the large variety of research protocols employed, with, in many cases, a lack of control of those factors said to modify apnoeic heart rates, and in part to a lack of uniformity in the interpretation of the obtained results. Conflicting evidence exists for almost all of the factors said to modify the apnoeic heart rate response in @entity1 . Factors implicated in the phenomenon of @entity1168 include the influence of temperature and the physical condition of the individual, varying lung volumes, the depth of immersion in water, the body position during the apnoeic episode, and the psychological state of the individual. The influence of the sex and age of the subjects is equally contentious. Finally, the role of breath-holding capacity as it influences the extent of @entity1168 remains to be examined further. Additional research requires the adoption of an integrative, holistic approach if a comprehensive understanding of apnoeic heart rate responses is to be achieved.

title: Apnoeic heart rate responses in XXXX . A review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia', 'apnoeic bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity24823 :: ('MESH:D007102', 'Disease') :: ['apnoeic immersion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and @entity137 of the most employed therapeutic approaches in the treatment of primary @entity0 (PBL). METHODS: Ninety-six @entity1 with PBL in the early stage (I or II) were enrolled to receive radiotherapy (45 Gy); chemotherapy (six cycles of @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 and @entity229 ( @entity3726 ), every 21 days), or combined therapy. RESULTS: Complete response was achieved in 20 of 30 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy, 19 of 32 who were treated with chemotherapy and 30 of 34 in the combined arm (p<0.01). Actuarial curves at 10 years showed that event-free survival was 50, 57 and 83%, respectively (p<0.01). Actuarial curves for overall survival were 50, 50 and 76% (p<0.01), respectively. The most common site of relapse was the central nervous system. Acute @entity137 was mild. Until now, no second @entity5 or @entity3052 has been observed. CONCLUSIONS: In our study combined therapy is the best treatment in this special setting of @entity1 ; with improvement in event-free survival and overall survival without acute or severe late side effects. Prophylaxis to the central nervous system will be considered in the initial treatment to improve outcome.

title: Primary XXXX : results of a controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast lymphoma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate, for @entity1 at risk of a new @entity308 , the net cost of maintenance therapy with @entity1153 compared with a symptomatic treatment of further episodes. Using clinical decision analysis techniques, a Markov-state transition was constructed to estimate the 12 months direct costs of the two therapeutic strategies. Model construction and probabilities for performing the analysis were primarily based on a controlled phase III clinical trial demonstrating the prophylactic efficacy of @entity1153 compared to placebo. Others parameters and unit costs were obtained from published sources. For each group (maintenance and episodic treatment groups), the model simulated the clinical evolution of @entity1 on 6 successive 2-months cycles. Costs were affected for each health state period (remission, @entity308 , abandonment of health care, suicide). The baseline analysis showed the mean costs per @entity1 and year were 627 FF (105 US ) higher for maintenance treatment. Sensitivity analysis suggested that costs were equal under a 25% rate of hospitalization hypothesis for a @entity308 . Maintenance costs were 1,587 FF (265 US ) lower than episodic treatment costs for @entity308 subjects with a good initial response to @entity1153 (HDRS-21 score at remission < 5); this economic benefit remained under a lower rate of hospitalization hypothesis (12%). Based on the study assumptions, maintenance treatment with @entity1153 appears to be clinically and economically justified for @entity1 at high risk of hospitalization when having a recurrence, and even more for @entity1 with an excellent initial acute response.

title: [Clinico-economic assessment of @entity1153 in the prevention of XXXX episodes].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1153 :: ('MESH:C048107', 'Chemical') :: ['milnacipran']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'depressive episode']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive']


abstract: @entity44 ( @entity48 ) is a common disorder in @entity1 of reproductive age. Sometimes the @entity5 is complicated by torsion, @entity397 , and malignant change. However, it rarely presents with @entity221 . We present a 38-year-old @entity1 with an intermittent @entity221 for 30 days, who received occasional medical treatment without improvement. She was to our clinic for evaluation and treatment; however, @entity221 persisted for three days without clinical improvement. No definite @entity281 source could be identified except the presence of a huge @entity530 . The @entity1 underwent exploratory laparotomy and an @entity42 with @entity281 was noted. Pathology review revealed @entity44 with @entity281 by @entity526 . Fever impressively subsided on the fifth postoperative day. Although the majority of @entity1 suffering from @entity221 initially search for medical treatment at primary clinics, rare conditions such as persistent @entity221 should be consulted by specialists to make differential diagnosis. @entity44 is rarely superimposed by @entity281 and rarely causes @entity221 . Furthermore, the possibility of @entity221 caused by @entity43 ( @entity43 ) is often missed in @entity1 with history of tubal ligation since there is a lower incidence of @entity43 in these unique @entity1 . However, based on this case report, we should be alert whenever long-term @entity221 is noted. Prompt surgical treatment for extirpation and an appropriate antibiotic treatment would be the choice of treatment in such cases.

title: XXXX with secondary @entity281 : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['tubo-ovarian abscess', 'TOA']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'superimposed infection']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumor']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['mature teratoma', 'Mature teratoma']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['Mature teratoma']


abstract: @entity11702 ( @entity11702 ) is a severe form of @entity11103 accompanied by @entity1032 and/or @entity2319 in at least one third of the @entity1 . This article summarizes advances in the molecular genetic analysis of this disease during the last 13 years, including mapping and cloning of the @entity1 gene and the generation and characterization of a @entity19 model. Genetic linkage studies and physical mapping strategies have assigned the @entity11702 locus to the proximal short arm of the @entity1 X chromosome. The identification of chromosomal rearrangements in several @entity1 , such as microdeletions, enabled the isolation of the @entity11702 gene by a positional cloning approach. Numerous point mutations in this gene have been identified in three distinct clinical entities: (1) @entity11702 , (2) familial and sporadic exudative @entity1715 , and (3) @entity989 . The gene encodes a relatively small protein, consisting of 133 @entity1522 . The function of the gene product is yet unknown, although homologies with known proteins and molecular modelling data suggest a role in the regulation of cell interaction or differentiation processes. A @entity19 model has been generated to shed more light on early pathogenic events involved in @entity11702 and @entity74 . The @entity19 homologous protein is highly identical (94%) to the @entity1 polypeptide. The gene is expressed in the neuronal layers of the @entity19 retina, the cerebellum and olfactory epithelium. Mutant @entity19 show snowflake-like opacities within the vitreous, dysgenesis of the ganglion cell layer and occasionally degeneration of photoreceptor cells. The @entity19 phenotype does not include phthisis bulbi and, overall, resembles a mild form of @entity11702 . Electrophysiological studies revealed a severely altered electroretinogram b-wave. These results suggest a primary @entity528 . Defects in the vitreous and photoreceptor cell layer are most likely secondary effects. Further histological, functional and molecular studies of the @entity19 model are needed to provide additional information on disease associated pathways.

title: Molecular dissection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity11103 :: ('MESH:C536600', 'Disease') :: ['congenital blindness']

entities_list: @entity11702 :: ('MESH:C537849', 'Disease') :: ['Norrie disease', 'ND']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic disorders']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['defect in the inner neuronal layers of the retina']

answer: @entity11702 :: (MESH:C537849,Disease) :: ['Norrie disease']


abstract: Supporting cells in the @entity389 are most likely hair cell progenitors. In an effort to establish an in vitro model system of hair cell differentiation, we developed immortalized epithelial cell lines by transferring the tsA58 allele of the SV40 large T antigen oncogene into neonatal @entity35 utricular supporting cells using a retrovirus. The established cell lines have been stably maintained continuously for more than 25 passages and display many features similar to primary supporting cells. They grow in patches and assume a polygonal morphology. Immunocytochemical characterization of the established cell lines reveals that these cells can be labeled by epithelial cell markers, but not by fibroblast, glial or neuronal markers. The immortalized cells grow rapidly in serum medium at permissive temperature, but the majority cease proliferation when cultured in serum free medium at non-permissive temperature. These cells respond to mitogenic growth factors including @entity664 , EGF and @entity18696 and express growth factor receptors in a manner similar to the primary supporting cells. Furthermore, we find that the cells undergo a morphological differentiation when cultured in serum free medium at non-permissive temperature in the presence of @entity664 . Under these conditions, the cells shrink in size, become elongated, and express early hair cell markers such as calretinin and calmodulin. The utricular epithelial cell line we have established may potentially provide an invaluable system for studying hair cell differentiation and regeneration.

title: Establishment of conditionally immortalized XXXX utricular epithelial cell lines using a retrovirus-mediated gene transfer technique.

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear sensory epithelium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. Endotoxaemia is associated with the expression of the inducible isoform of cyclo-oxygenase, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and an overproduction of @entity1426 (AA) metabolites. The role of the AA metabolites generated by COX-2 in the @entity1457 and multiple organ dysfunction caused by endotoxin is unclear. @entity619 prevents the expression of COX-2 and exerts beneficial effects in animal models of shock. 2. Here we compare the effects of two inhibitors of COX-2 activity, namely @entity8228 (5 mg kg(-1), i.p., n=7) and @entity12698 (3 mg kg(-1), i.p., n=9) with those of @entity619 (3 mg kg(-1), i.p., n=9) on the @entity1457 caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, @entity526 , 6 mg kg(-1), i.v., n=11) in the @entity35 . 3. Endotoxaemia for 6 h caused @entity551 , acute @entity8 , @entity99 , @entity660 and an increase in the plasma levels of @entity9077 (indicator of the induction of COX-2) and @entity3542 / @entity1507 (indicator of the induction of @entity1506 ). 4. Pretreatment of @entity35 with @entity619 attenuated the @entity551 , the @entity8 , the hepatocellular and @entity660 and the induction of COX-2 and @entity1506 caused by LPS. In contrast, inhibition of COX-2 activity with @entity12698 or @entity8228 neither attenuated the @entity1457 nor the @entity881 caused by endotoxin. 5. Thus, the prevention of the @entity1457 and the multiple organ injury/dysfunction caused by @entity619 in the @entity35 is not due to inhibition of the activity of COX-2. Our results suggest that an enhanced formation of @entity1813 by COX-2 does not contribute to the development of @entity66 in @entity35 with endotoxaemia.

title: Effects of inhibitors of the activity of cyclo-oxygenase-2 on the @entity551 and multiple organ dysfunction caused by endotoxin: a comparison with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury and/or dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure', 'circulatory failure and organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-keto-PGF1alpha']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: Evidence suggests that the health benefits associated with green tea consumption are related to tea @entity23382 . The objective of this study was to evaluate potential maternal and fetal effects of standardized heat-sterilized green tea @entity23382 (GTC-H). GTC-H was gavage administered to mated female @entity35 from gestation day 6 through 17, at doses of 0, 200, 600, and 2000 mg/kg/day. There were no GTC-H-related deaths or macroscopic findings. During the entire gestation period in the high-dose (2000 mg/kg/day)-treated group and during days 6-9 and 6-18 in the 600 mg/kg/day group, mean body weight gain was lower. Mean feed consumption was lower during gestation days 6-9 in the 600 mg/kg/day group and during gestation days 6-9 and 9-12 in the 2000 mg/kg/day group. Compared to the control group, mean body weights in the 600 and 2000 mg/kg/day groups were up to 5.1% and 7.7% lower during gestation days 9-20. GTC-H administration did not affect mean gravid uterine weights or intrauterine growth and survival. There were no GTC-H-related fetal @entity600 or developmental variations. Based on the results of this study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for GTC-H was 200mg/kg/day for maternal @entity137 , and 2000 mg/kg/day for embryo/fetal development.

title: Effects of green tea catechin on embryo/fetal development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity23382 :: ('CHEBI:23053', 'Chemical') :: ['catechins']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between total @entity1255 levels in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and cognitive status. Fifty @entity1 from our @entity6 unit (30 females/20 males) with @entity6 were enrolled. All @entity1 had fasting blood samples taken for measurement of cardiovascular risk factors; total @entity165 and @entity412 concentrations and other lipid fractions (lipoprotein (a), low density lipoprotein (LDL- @entity165 ), high density lipoprotein (HDL- @entity165 )), @entity413 , HbA(1c) and @entity1255 . 24-h urine collection was used to measure @entity1011 clearance and microalbuminuria. @entity2186 and @entity1501 were measured to assess vitamin status. All @entity6 @entity1 were assessed for late complications and a @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) was performed. The @entity1 were 64.6 (49-78) years old with body mass index (BMI) of 29.6 +/- 6.3 kg/m(2), and duration of @entity6 of 8.9 +/- 6.7 years. A univariant correlation analysis was performed among cardiovascular risk factors and vitamins with total @entity1032 score. Total @entity1255 was inverse by correlated with @entity1032 score (r=-0.38; P<0.05) of the other measures of cardiovascular risk, microalbuminuria showed an inverse correlation with @entity1032 score (r=-0.51:P<0.01). Lipoproteins, @entity413 control and vitamin status were not correlated @entity1032 score. In the multiple regression model only microalbuminuria remained in the model, showing a decrease of one point in the @entity1032 result with each milligram of microalbuminuria, adjusted for confounding factors. Cognitive status in type 2 @entity6 was correlated with @entity1255 levels and microalbuminuria, this last endothelial damage marker remaining as an independent risk factor of @entity73 .

title: Total @entity1255 and XXXX in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini-Mental State Examination']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive deterioration']


abstract: Transoesophageal echocardiography is a method of visualising intracardiac thrombi and could therefore be useful for the diagnosis of @entity1151 , but its diagnostic value is unknown. The authors carried out a prospective study with this diagnostic tool in massive @entity1151 . The study protocol was to perform transthoracic echocardiography in @entity1 with suspected @entity1151 and then to perform transoesophageal echocardiography when there were signs of @entity3618 . The results of both echocardiographic investigations were compared with two reference radiological techniques: the spiral CT scan and/or pulmonary angiography. Fifty-six @entity1 underwent transthoracic echocardiography. In the 34 @entity1 with transthoracic echocardiographic signs of @entity3618 , the positive predictive value of the investigation for @entity1151 was 91% and the negative predictive value was 54%. Twenty of these 34 @entity1 underwent transoesophageal echocardiography. The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of proximal @entity887 were 85% and 86% respectively. The limitations of the method were poor visualisation of the @entity358 in which only one @entity715 was detected, compared with 6 by spiral CT scan, and the absence of visualisation of lobar arteries. Consequently, the real sensitivity of transoesophageal echocardiography for visualisation of all thrombi in the pulmonary arteries in @entity3618 was only 55%. In @entity3618 , the diagnostic value of transoesophageal echocardiography is poor because the sensitivity for visualisation of intra-pulmonary arterial thrombi is low compared with other radiological techniques. However, in @entity1 with proximal emboli in the right or main pulmonary artery, the diagnosis may be established in a few minutes without the need of other more invasive techniques. Nevertheless, normal transoesophageal echocardiography does not rule out the presence of proximal in the @entity1151 in the lobar arteries.

title: [The value of transesophageal echocardiography for the diagnosis of @entity1151 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['acute cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism', 'left pulmonary artery or distal emboli']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['left pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity3618 :: (MESH:D011660,Disease) :: ['acute pulmonary heart disease']


abstract: We have recently demonstrated the association of SV40 and @entity1 @entity3620 . Here, we have investigated whether SV40 viral sequences may be associated with other @entity1 @entity5 or other non-neoplastic pathology and whether SV40 DNA or protein expression may be of diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic relevance. DNA was extracted from paraffin embedded tissues. SV40, JC and BK viral sequences were detected by the polymerase chain reaction and molecular hybridization with specific probes. The screening with three different sets of SV40-related primers demonstrated that 7/18 (38.8%) @entity2615 specimens were SV40 positive as well as 5/18 (27.7%) tubercular @entity456 . None of the 18 @entity2 , nor the 20 pleural non-specific inflammatory specimens tested were positive. Twenty-five blood samples and 18 urinary sediments from MM @entity1 were also negative. We have also found that SV40 Tag proteins are present in @entity2615 cells and @entity5 . Tag proteins may interfere with @entity5 suppressor gene products, such as @entity876 . Preliminary results suggest that wild type @entity876 transgene expression, obtained after infection with recombinant adenovirus (AdCMV. @entity876 ), inhibited in vitro and in vivo proliferation, inducing apoptosis of @entity2615 cells. Infections with control viruses were ineffective. Thus, SV40 DNA and Tag expression in @entity5 cells, though probably not relevant for diagnostic or prognostic purposes, may be crucial for innovative gene therapy strategies.

title: SV40 expression in @entity1 neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues: perspectives on diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'mesothelioma tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['pleural malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural lesions']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Pharmacists frequently see @entity1 with @entity565 in the community who have suboptimal management. This study aimed to compare the uptake and effectiveness of pharmacist-initiated mailed and face-to-face interventions for @entity1 whose @entity565 may not be well managed. METHODS: Seventy-one community pharmacies in South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria (Australia) installed a software application that data-mined dispensing records, generating a list of @entity1 who had received six or more @entity565 reliever inhalers in the preceding 12 months. The pharmacists were randomized, by pharmacy, to perform either a mailed or face-to-face intervention, whereby these @entity1 received educational material and a referral to their general practitioner (GP) for an @entity565 management review. Matching @entity1 from each pharmacy were also randomly assigned to a control group for 'usual care'. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 1483 @entity1 were identified and grouped as follows: 510 (34  4%) mailed intervention, 480 (32  4%) face-to-face intervention and 493 (33  2%) controls. Significantly fewer face-to-face interventions were offered than mailed interventions (66  6% vs. 89  4%, respectively;   (2) = 64  2, P < 0  0001). There were significant improvements in the preventer-to-reliever ratio after the intervention period (P < 0  0001) in each group. In a per-protocol analysis, the magnitude of improvement in the face-to-face intervention group was greater than in the mailed intervention group. The reverse was true in an intention-to-treat analysis. The improvement in the P   :   R ratios was mainly due to significant decreases in reliever usage. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Community pharmacy dispensing records can effectively identify @entity1 with suboptimal @entity565 management, who can then be referred to their GP for review. Time constraints in busy pharmacies may limit the uptake and effectiveness of face-to-face interventions in the 'real world' setting, making mailed interventions an attractive option.

title: Uptake and effectiveness of a community pharmacy intervention programme to improve XXXX management.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: In conclusion, the purpose of this paper was to elucidate some of the long-term impacts of the incest @entity130 on @entity1 . This includes its impact on identity formation. The process of idealization and the creation of an idealized image as a defensive and adaptive strategy to cope with overwhelming @entity130 was highlighted. This initially successful coping mechanism later causes problems in limiting the individual's self-perception and restricting her relationships with others. This is frequently manifested in problems that the adult survivor presents in regard to interpersonal relationships, as well as revictimization and an inhibition in identifying and expressing certain aspects of herself. The goal of treatment is therefore twofold. I am in agreement with Alpert (1991), van der Kolk (1987), and others who stress the importance of the validation and integration of the @entity130 and related affects through the recovery and reliving of past memories. Additionally, an analysis of the character structure that the @entity1 developed to cope with overwhelming and damaging experiences is essential. The achievement of a more cohesive, integrated sense of self for an adult survivor of incest can only be accomplished through the working through of past @entity130 and the understanding of its effect on identity development and character structure. This aspect of the treatment process was best expressed by one of my @entity1 , who said, "the first part of my analysis dealt with remembering and reliving what happened to me, the second part is dealing with who I had to become and not become as a result of it." She later added that she felt the second part is even more difficult and challenging.

title: The impact of incest on identity formation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bilobectomy for @entity2 is considered a high-risk procedure for the @entity260 rate and the negative impact on survival. We analyzed the safety and the oncologic results of this procedure. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed @entity1 who underwent bilobectomy for @entity2 between October 1998 and August 2009. Age, gender, bilobectomy type and indication, complications, pathology, stage, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Bilobectomy was performed on 146 @entity1 (101 @entity1 ; mean age, 62 years). There were 77 upper-middle and 69 middle-lower bilobectomies. Indications were @entity5 extending across the fissure in 27 (18.5%) @entity1 , @entity5 in 39 (26.7%), extrinsic @entity5 or nodal invasion of bronchus intermedius in 66 (45.2%), and vascular invasion in 14 (9.6%). An extended resection was performed in 24 @entity1 (16.4%). Induction therapy was performed in 43 @entity1 (29.4%). Thirty-day mortality was 1.4% (n=2). Overall morbidity was 47.2%. Mean chest tube persistence was 7 days (range, 6 to 46 days). Overall 5-year survival was 58%. Significance differences in survival were observed among different stages (stage I, 70%; stage II, 55%; stage III, 40%; p=0.0003) and the N status (N0, 69%; N1, 56%; N2, 40%; p=0.0005). Extended procedure (p=0.0003) and superior bilobectomy (p=0.0008) adversely influenced survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that an extended resection (p=0.01), an advanced N disease (p=0.02), and an upper-mild lobectomy (p=0.02) adversely affected prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Bilobectomy is associated with a low mortality and an increased morbidity. Survival relates to disease stage and N factor. Optimal prognosis is obtained in @entity1 with lower-middle lobectomy without extension of the resection.

title: Bilobectomy for XXXX : analysis of indications, postoperative results, and long-term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'endobronchial tumor']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['increased postoperative complication']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity167 consumption has both adverse and beneficial effects on survival. We examined the balance of these in a large prospective study of mortality among U.S. adults. METHODS: Of 490,000 @entity1 and @entity1 (mean age, 56 years; range, 30 to 104) who reported their @entity167 and @entity286 use in 1982, 46,000 died during nine years of follow-up. We compared cause-specific and rates of @entity204 from all causes across categories of base-line @entity167 consumption, adjusting for other risk factors, and related drinking and smoking habits to the cumulative probability of dying between the ages of 35 and 69 years. RESULTS: Causes of @entity204 associated with drinking were @entity82 and @entity988 ; @entity5 , esophagus, pharynx, larynx, and liver combined; @entity0 in @entity1 ; and injuries and other external causes in @entity1 . The mortality from @entity0 was 30 percent higher among @entity1 reporting at least one drink daily than among nondrinkers (relative risk, 1.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.6). The rates of @entity204 from all @entity65 were 30 to 40 percent lower among @entity1 (relative risk, 0.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.7 to 0.8) and @entity1 (relative risk, 0.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.6 to 0.7) reporting at least one drink daily than among nondrinkers, with little relation to the level of consumption. The overall @entity204 rates were lowest among @entity1 and @entity1 reporting about one drink daily. Mortality from all causes increased with heavier drinking, particularly among adults under age 60 with lower risk of @entity65 . @entity167 consumption was associated with a small reduction in the overall risk of @entity204 in middle age (ages 35 to 69), whereas smoking approximately doubled this risk. CONCLUSIONS: In this middle-aged and elderly population, moderate @entity167 consumption slightly reduced overall mortality. The benefit depended in part on age and background cardiovascular risk and was far smaller than the large increase in risk produced by @entity286 .

title: XXXX consumption and mortality among middle-aged and elderly U.S. adults.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers of the mouth']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']