abstract: PURPOSE: To compare accuracy and radiation exposure of a new computed tomographic (CT) scanner with improved spatial resolution (scanner A) with those of a CT scanner with standard spatial resolution (scanner B) for evaluation of @entity256 (ISR) by using invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and intravascular ultrasonography (US) as reference methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Written informed consent was obtained and study protocol was approved by institutional ethics committee. A total of 180 consecutive @entity1 (154 @entity1 [mean age    standard deviation, 66 years  12; range, 51-79 years] and 36 @entity1 [mean age, 70 years  12; range, 55-83 years]) scheduled to undergo ICA for suspected ISR were enrolled. Ninety @entity1 were studied with scanner A (group 1: 72 @entity1 [mean age, 65 years  11; range, 52-79], 18 @entity1 [mean age, 68 years  12; range, 55-83 years]) and 90 with scanner B (group 2: 74 @entity1 [mean age, 64 years  10; range, 51-77 years], 16 @entity1 [mean age, 68 years  11; range, 55-82 years). Examination with the two scanners was compared with ICA and intravascular US. Radiation dose exposure was estimated. To compare stent evaluability between the two groups,   2 test was used. RESULTS: Stent evaluability was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (99% vs 92%, P=.0021). A significantly lower rate of beam-hardening artifact was observed in group 1 (two cases) than group 2 (12 cases, P<.05). For stent-based analysis, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of multidetector CT for ISR identification were 96%, 95%, and 96% in group 1 and 90%, 91%, and 91% in group 2, respectively, without statistically significant differences. The correlation between percent ISR evaluated at multidetector CT versus intravascular US was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (r=0.89 vs r=0.58; P=.019). The correlations of diameter and area measurements at reference site and stent maximal lumen narrowing site between multidetector CT and intravascular US were higher in group 1 than in group 2. Radiation dose was low in both multidetector CT groups (1.9 @entity2073  0.2). CONCLUSION: Scanner A, with improved spatial resolution, allowed reliable detection and quantification of coronary ISR with low radiation exposure.

title: XXXX : assessment with CT coronary angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['coronary in-stent restenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['Coronary in-stent restenosis']


abstract: AIM: We evaluated the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography in detecting @entity453 and how it could change the indication to coronary angiography in @entity1 with suspected cardiac @entity662 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 142 consecutive @entity1 who had already performed an exercise electrocardiogram test referred to our hospital and scheduled for coronary angiography for @entity662 . According to the characteristics of @entity662 and the results of exercise electrocardiogram, @entity1 were divided into four groups: atypical @entity662 and negative exercise electrocardiogram (group 1); typical @entity662 and negative exercise electrocardiogram (group 2); atypical @entity662 and positive exercise electrocardiogram (group 3); and typical @entity662 with positive exercise electrocardiogram (group 4). We evaluated the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography and whether it could reduce the number of unnecessary coronary angiography in the study groups. Of 1801 segments larger than 1.5 mm, 1696 (94%) were assessable. In a segment based-model, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy were 81% (95% confidence interval 75-89%), 94% (95% confidence interval 90-98%), 96% (95% confidence interval 93-98%), 75% (95% confidence interval 69-82%) and 91% (95% confidence interval 89-93%), respectively. In a @entity1 -based model, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy were 95% (95% confidence interval 91-99%), 78% (95% confidence interval 67-89%), 88% (95% confidence interval 79-97%), 89% (95% confidence interval 83-95%) and 89% (95% confidence interval 84-94%). Unnecessary coronary angiography may be avoided by multidetector computed tomography results particularly in group 2 (16%) and group 3 (24%), whereas in groups 1 and 4 the role of multidetector computed tomography in facilitating the correct indication to coronary angiography was less relevant. CONCLUSIONS: Multidetector computed tomography is a particularly helpful technique in @entity1 with discordance between the clinical features of @entity662 and stress-test results. This technique may be introduced in the diagnostic work-up of @entity1 with suspected @entity453 and may potentially reduce the number of unnecessary coronary angiography.

title: Diagnostic work-up of unselected @entity1 with suspected XXXX : complementary role of multidetector computed tomography, symptoms and electrocardiogram stress test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: A study has been made of the morphological and histochemical changes of the ovary of the field @entity35 , Millardia meltada during its oestrous cycle and pregnancy. The follicular growth and @entity1146 , ovulation and formation of corpora lutea occur throughout the year except severe winter months (December and January). Fluctuations in the follicular development occur on different days of the oestrous cycle and pregnancy. The granulosa cells show a progressive increase in their size in successive stages of follicle growth. The granulosae of normal follicles show some sparsely scattered lipid bodies which consist of phospholipids. Theca interna cells during follicular growth develop diffuse lipoproteins and lipid droplets consisting of @entity1674 , phospholipids and @entity165 and/or its @entity14743 . The luteal cells of corpora lutea are formed by the granulosa cells as the theca interna cells degenerate and disappear. The fibroblast-like cells of thecal origin, alongwith the blood vessels, invade the luteal cell mass. The luteal cells during metoestrus, dioestrus and first half of pregnancy show abundant diffuse lipoproteins and a few lipid droplets composed mainly of phospholipids and some @entity1674 , which are indicative of active steroidogenesis. The details of degenerative histological and histochemical alterations of corpora lutea during oestrous cycle and pregnancy are also described and discussed. Morphological and histochemical changes of follicular @entity1146 are described. The granulosa cells of @entity528 and disappear leaving behind theca interna cells which form patches of interstitial gland cells during the reproductive activity of the present @entity35 . Interstitial gland cells show diffusely distributed sudanophilic lipoproteins and lipid droplets consisting of @entity1674 , @entity165 and/or its esters and some phospholipids, which are indicative of steroidogenesis. The functional significance of histological and histochemical changes, which occur in various components of the ovary during oestrous cycle and pregnancy, has been discussed.

title: Morphology and histochemistry of ovarian changes in the field XXXX , Millardia meltada.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['atretic follicle degenerate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Induction of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and cytosolic translocation of @entity4674 are considered essential components of the apoptotic pathway. Hence, there is the realization that mitochondrial-specific drugs could have potential for use as chemotherapeutic agents to trigger apoptosis in @entity5 cells. Recently, we showed that photoproducts of @entity28859 540 (pMC540) induced @entity5 cell apoptosis. In this study, we focused on identifying mitochondrial-specific compounds from pMC540 and studied their apoptotic potential. One purified fraction, C5, induced a drop in mitochondrial transmembrane potential and cytosolic translocation of @entity4674 in HL60 @entity1 @entity1778 cells. Moreover, the addition of C5 to purified @entity35 liver mitochondria induced MPT as indicated by mitochondrial matrix swelling, which was completely inhibited by @entity205 , an inhibitor of the inner-membrane pore. Supernatant of C5-treated mitochondria showed a dose-dependent increase in @entity4674 , which was also inhibited in the presence of @entity205 , strongly indicating a direct effect on the inner-membrane pore. Despite the strong mitochondrial reactivity, C5 elicited minimal @entity137 (less than 25%) against @entity1778 and M14 @entity320 cells because of inefficient caspase activation. However, prior exposure to C5 significantly enhanced the apoptotic response to @entity2879 or the @entity1197 receptor. Thus, we demonstrate that MPT induction and @entity4674 release by the novel compound C5, in the absence of effective caspase activation, is insufficient for triggering efficient apoptosis in @entity5 cells. However, when used in combination with known apoptosis inducers, such compounds could enhance the sensitivity of @entity5 cells to apoptosis. (Blood. 2000;95:1773-1780)

title: Induction of mitochondrial permeability transition and @entity4674 release in the absence of caspase activation is insufficient for effective apoptosis in XXXX @entity1778 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['HL60 leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity28859 :: ('MESH:C548873', 'Chemical') :: ['merocyanine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase @entity9096 ( @entity9096 ) is expressed in two, alternatively spliced, isoforms: a short form (GSK-3beta1) and a long form containing a 13 @entity535 insert in the catalytic domain (GSK-3beta2). We examined the expression of these isoforms in the @entity35 using specific antibodies and found that GSK-3beta2, in contrast to GSK-3beta1, is only expressed in the nervous system. The highest levels of GSK-3beta2 are found in the developing nervous system but expression persists into adulthood. In the adult central nervous system the highest expression of GSK-3beta2 occurs in regions with a high proportion of white matter, suggesting that GSK-3beta2 is expressed in axons. Consistent with this finding, sub-cellular fractionation of neonatal @entity35 brain showed that GSK-3beta2 is present in fractions enriched in neurites and growth cones. Furthermore, we found that when we separated neuronal cell bodies from neurites by culturing embryonic cortical neurons in neurite outgrowth inserts, GSK-3beta2 was present in both compartments. Finally, a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised to the 13 @entity535 insert of GSK-3beta2 (anti-8A) that specifically recognises GSK-3beta2, labels the cell body, including the nucleus, neurites and growth cones of embryonic neurons in culture. To compare functionally the two isoforms, we performed in vitro kinase assays. These showed that GSK-3beta1 is more efficient at phosphorylating the microtubule-associated protein @entity30299 than GSK-3beta2, consistent with previous findings with the @entity40152 . However, when co-expressed with @entity30299 in COS-7 cells, both @entity9096 isoforms equally efficiently phosphorylated @entity30299 and had a similar influence on the regulation of microtubule dynamics by @entity30299 in these cells. We conclude that the alternatively spliced isoform of @entity9096 , GSK-3beta2, is neuron-specific and has overlapping activities with GSK-3beta1.

title: An alternatively spliced form of XXXX is targeted to growing neurites and growth cones.

entities_list: @entity40152 :: ('29477(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein tau']

entities_list: @entity9096 :: ('84027(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GSK-3beta', 'glycogen synthase kinase-3beta']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity9096 :: (84027(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['glycogen synthase kinase-3beta']


abstract: PURPOSE: The endovascular treatment of the @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) seemed to promise great advantages over the open surgery. The current results do not show an improvement compared to the conventional therapy. New kinds of complications have appeared. Their significance especially in the longterm course cannot be assessed today because sufficient clinical data are missing. METHODS: Between 1991 and 1997, 784 @entity1 were electively operated on for infrarenal @entity1028 . The clinical data of these @entity1 were analysed retrospectively and compared to the current results of endovascular surgery in the literature. RESULTS: In the 784 @entity1 treated by conventional surgery the mortality was 2.4%, the morbidity was 20.3%. The mortality of endovascular treatment ranged between 0 and 8.9%, the morbidity was 20 to 74%. Endoleaks existed in up to 32% of @entity1 , and up to 21% of interventions were initially not successful. The mortality of conversion to open surgery was reportedly amounting 43%. CONCLUSION: To confirm new standards in the therapy of @entity1028 an overall quality assurance of endovascular and open surgery is necessary. Additionally randomised studies have to be demanded. Only that way the indications of both methods can be based upon scientific facts.

title: Open surgery or endovascular treatment of the XXXX --quality assurance is urgently needed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['AAA', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: Acanthamoeba is an uncommon cause of @entity281 in which the best visual outcome follows prompt diagnosis and a long course of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Because conventional detection techniques for Acanthamoeba have certain limitations, we investigated the ability of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the clinical diagnosis of @entity19415 , with the ultimate aim of achieving early diagnosis. METHODS: Using two different pairs of primers, PCR was performed on representative cultured Acanthamoeba isolates to confirm the assay's ability to amplify Acanthamoeba DNA from a wide range of acanthamoebae. Subsequently, corneal epithelial samples from 19 @entity1 and tear samples from 12 @entity1 with @entity19415 were analyzed by PCR for the presence of Acanthamoeba DNA. RESULTS: Acanthamoeba DNA was amplified by PCR from 16 (84%) of 19 corneal epithelial samples, whereas Acanthamoeba was cultured from 10 samples (53%), all of which were PCR positive. Tear samples from 8 (66%) of 12 @entity1 were positive on PCR testing, and one tear sample was PCR positive, whereas the corresponding epithelial biopsy had yielded a negative PCR result. Samples from culture-positive @entity1 were positive on PCR testing more frequently than those from culture-negative @entity1 (10/10 culture-positive corneal epithelial and 5/7 [71%] culture-positive initial tear samples versus 6/9 [66%] culture-negative corneal epithelial and 2/5 [40%] culture-negative tear samples). All control epithelial (n = 15) and tear (n = 15) samples yielded negative results. CONCLUSIONS: PCR was a more sensitive diagnostic test than a culture for @entity19415 , and the use of two different primers achieved better sensitivity than a single set. A PCR of a tear sample also may be a useful complementary test and, in combination with PCR of epithelial samples, would prove particularly helpful in confirming the clinical diagnosis in culture-negative cases.

title: Polymerase chain reaction analysis of corneal epithelial and tear samples in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infection']

entities_list: @entity19415 :: ('MESH:D015823', 'Disease') :: ['Acanthamoeba keratitis']

answer: @entity19415 :: (MESH:D015823,Disease) :: ['Acanthamoeba keratitis']


abstract: A population-based case-control study was conducted to examine the effects of past and recent physical activity on the risk of @entity173 in @entity1 . Cases included females aged 55-84 years with a first diagnosis of @entity173 in 1989 in metropolitan Toronto, Canada. Controls were a population-based random sample frequency matched by 5-year age groups. Data were collected on 381 cases and 1,138 controls by self-administered mailed questionnaires or telephone interviews. Past activity was calculated as a compilation of activity scores at ages 16, 30, and 50 years. Recent activity was defined as activity in the past year for controls and activity in the year before @entity174 for cases. Multiple logistic regression was used to control for age, previous @entity174 , @entity28 , smoking, @entity170 , @entity302 , @entity64 or @entity191 , daily intake of dietary @entity460 , and duration of use of supplemental @entity460 , @entity1388 , and @entity172 . After recent activity was adjusted for, statistically significant effects were found for @entity1 who in the past had been active (odds ratio estimate (OR) = 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-0.96) or very active (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.33-0.88). After past activity was adjusted for, a similar protective effect was found for @entity1 who were moderately active recently (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.41-0.90), but @entity1 who were very active recently were not protected from @entity173 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.72-1.83). This study showed evidence of independent protective effects of past physical activity and of moderate levels of recent physical activity on the risk of @entity173 in postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Past and recent physical activity and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: AIM: The present study evaluated the association between G241R and K469E polymorphisms of @entity2071 gene and @entity29 in Iranian population. BACKGROUND: @entity29 including @entity31 and @entity30 , is a chronic @entity344 . There are two single base polymorphisms of @entity2071 gene, G241R and K469E, reported to be associated with @entity32 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In this case-control study, 156 @entity29 @entity1 (110 @entity31 and 46 @entity30 @entity1 ) and 131 healthy controls were enrolled. Two polymorphisms of @entity2071 gene, including G241R and K469E, were assessed by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: The E469 allele of K469E polymorphism was significantly more frequent in @entity30 @entity1 compared to controls (P< 0.05, OR= 1.83; 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.96). The mutant homozygote genotype of K469E polymorphism (E/E) was also significantly more frequent in @entity30 @entity1 compared to controls (P< 0.05, OR= 4.23; 95% CI: 1.42 to 12.59). No difference was observed in the frequency of K469E polymorphism among @entity31 @entity1 compared to controls. There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of G241R polymorphism among @entity31 and @entity30 @entity1 compared to control subjects. CONCLUSION: According to our findings, K469E polymorphism of @entity2071 gene may probably participate in the pathogenesis of @entity30 in Iran.

title: Association between two single base polymorphisms of @entity2071 gene and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2683 is a @entity1372 channel blocker that has been used for the treatment of a variety of @entity9 syndromes. A recent double-blinded placebo-controlled study concluded that it was ineffective in the treatment of @entity1931 associated with @entity9 . However, this study failed to achieve adequate plasma levels of @entity2683 . This was a study in healthy volunteers that sought to push the drug to dose-limiting side effects and then evaluate the effects on @entity1 experimental @entity158 . METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers were studied using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. The subjects were titrated to a maximum dose of 1,350 mg/d or dose-limiting side effects, whichever occurred first. At baseline and day 10 and 17, neurosensory testing, train-of-three thermal pulses, and side-effect measurements were performed and on day 17, intradermal @entity2951 was injected on the volar aspect of the forearm and the @entity158 and secondary @entity1931 to von Frey hair, stroking, and thermal stimuli were measured. RESULTS: Peak plasma levels occurred on day 10 and were 0.36 +/- 0.21 microg/mL. All subjects experienced dose-limiting side effects. The mean maximum tolerable daily dose achieved was 859 mg (range, 300 to 1,350 mg). The side effects reported by the subjects included @entity390 , lightheadedness, @entity121 and @entity425 , @entity227 , @entity10 , @entity400 , difficulty concentrating, dysphoria, sedation, @entity111 , and @entity1910 . These side effects occurred at an average daily dose of 993 mg (range, 600 to 1,350 mg). Compared with placebo, @entity2683 had no significant effects on any of the neurosensory thresholds and @entity158 scores after intradermal @entity2951 . There was a significant reduction in the area of secondary @entity1931 to von Frey hair stimulation only. There was a significant correlation between plasma @entity2683 level and flare response. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2683 has minimal effects on @entity1 experimental @entity158 . It is severely limited by side effects and tolerable doses seem to be void of effects on normal neurosensation and facilitated @entity158 induced by @entity2951 and thermal heat pulses.

title: Effect of oral @entity2683 on @entity2951 -induced @entity1931 and XXXX : a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['Mexiletine', 'mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle twitching']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: @entity991 ( @entity991 ) is a well-established indication for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), but post-OLT bile duct strictures complicate the outcome for these @entity1 . These strictures might represent recurrent @entity991 (rPSC). To estimate the risk factors for post-OLT non-anastomotic bile duct strictures in @entity991 @entity1 and to find their possible etiology, we performed magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) and angiography (MRA) in all @entity991 @entity1 who had undergone OLT and were alive (median follow-up 6.4 years, range 1.4-15.2 years). This group of @entity991 @entity1 was compared to a group of 45 non- @entity991 @entity1 who had also undergone OLT. A logistic regression analysis was performed to find predictors of rPSC. @entity1157 were found in 19/49 @entity991 @entity1 and in 4/45 non- @entity991 @entity1 (P = 0.001). In the @entity991 group nine @entity1 without other possible explanations for bile duct strictures than rPSC were identified, i.e., the estimated risk of rPSC was 9/49 (18%); surprisingly similar changes were also seen in one @entity1 without a pre-transplant @entity991 diagnosis. Severe @entity409 due to rPSC was seen in 4/9 @entity1 (one @entity1 died and three are being evaluated for re-OLT). @entity134 -resistant rejection was the only significant predictor for rPSC. In conclusion, our study shows that by the use of MRC we found more bile duct strictures in @entity991 @entity1 post-OLT compared to controls and that @entity134 -resistant rejections was a predictor of such changes.

title: Recurrent XXXX after liver transplantation: a magnetic resonance cholangiography study with analyses of predictive factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Bile duct strictures']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'Primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is increased in type 2 @entity6 ( @entity4989 ). This increased risk has been attributed to vascular comorbidity, but other mechanisms, such as accelerated ageing of the brain, have also been implicated. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity195 in @entity1 with @entity4989 is associated with an increased occurrence of @entity455 in the brain, by @entity194 , or a combination of both. METHODS: In total, 29 @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity4989 and 58 @entity1 with @entity195 and without @entity4989 were included in the study. Clinical characteristics were recorded, and a neuropsychological examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan were performed. MRI scans were rated for cortical and subcortical @entity194 , medial temporal lobe @entity194 , @entity62 , and @entity1188 . RESULTS: The neuropsychological profiles of the two groups were identical. @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity4989 had increased @entity194 on MRI (p<0.05) compared with the non- @entity4989 group. In addition, @entity1188 were more common (odds ratio 2.4; 95% CI 0.8 to 7.8), but this effect did not account for the increased @entity194 . The other MR measures did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that non-vascular mechanisms, leading to increased @entity194 , are also involved in the increased risk of @entity195 in @entity4989 .

title: Increased @entity194 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['increased cerebral atrophy', 'cortical atrophy', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Between June 1979 and March 1985, 77 @entity1 received whole abdominal radiation as the sole postoperative treatment for @entity5 . With an open-field technique of irradiation, a median of 3,000 cGy was delivered to the entire abdominal contents with partial liver and kidney shielding; the total dose to the pelvis after boosts was 5,100 cGy, and that to the sub-diaphragmatic and para-aortic nodal regions was 4,200 cGy. The primary sites of @entity5 were the endometrium in 41 @entity1 , ovary in 25, uterus in 5, fallopian tube in 4, and cervix in 2. Seven @entity1 (9%), all older than 60 years, experienced @entity344 that interrupted treatment, only one of whom failed to complete the prescribed course as a result. @entity1503 was sufficient to interrupt therapy in 21 @entity1 (27%), 1 of whom failed to complete therapy as a result. @entity1503 was not increased in elderly @entity1 . All @entity1 were followed up for a minimum of 30 months (median, 43 months) or until @entity204 . Six @entity1 experienced a treatment-related @entity1744 (two of whom had concomitant progressive @entity1320 ); the 3-year actuarial risk for a treatment-related @entity1744 was 9%. This risk was significantly increased by high-dose boosting for @entity66 . Only one instance of clinical radiation @entity55 occurred, and no cases of clinical @entity99 were noted; however, subclinical evidence of pulmonary and hepatic radiation effect was frequent. Whole abdominal irradiation as described has modest @entity137 for @entity1 with @entity5 who are at high risk for intra-abdominal failure.

title: @entity137 of open-field whole abdominal irradiation as primary postoperative treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer', 'gynecologic malignancy', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal disease']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gynecologic malignancy']


abstract: Cure of @entity73 such as @entity2730 , @entity71 and @entity195 is still a nightmare in the field of medicine. Nootropic agents such as @entity2475 , @entity41980 and @entity1877 esterase inhibitors like @entity8124 are being used to improve memory, mood and behavior, but the resulting side effects associated with these agents have made their use limited. The present study was undertaken to assess the potential of Brahmi rasayana (BR) as a memory enhancer. BR (100 and 200 mg kg(-1) p.o.) was administered for eight successive days to both young and aged @entity19 . Elevated plus maze and passive-avoidance paradigm were employed to evaluate learning and memory parameters. @entity5591 (0.4 mg kg(-1) i.p.) was used to induce @entity2730 in @entity19 . The effect of BR on whole brain @entity4360 activity was also assessed. @entity2475 (200 mg kg(-1) i.p.) was used as a standard nootropic agent. BR significantly improved learning and memory in young @entity19 and reversed the @entity2730 induced by both @entity5591 (0.4 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and natural aging. BR significantly decreased whole brain @entity16374 cholinesterase activity. BR might prove to be a useful memory restorative agent in the treatment of @entity303 seen in elderly.

title: Brahmi rasayana improves learning and memory in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity41980 :: ('MESH:C036466', 'Chemical') :: ['aniracetam']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['Scopolamine', 'scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['Donepezil']

entities_list: @entity2475 :: ('MESH:D010889', 'Chemical') :: ['Piracetam', 'piracetam']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of exercise electrocardiography testing (EET) in evaluating suspected @entity453 in a remote Australian setting where a significant proportion of @entity1 are Indigenous Australians. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study with grouping based on EET results. @entity1 AND SETTING: 268 @entity1 with suspected @entity453 who underwent EET at Alice Springs Hospital--a specialist teaching hospital in Central Australia with no resident specialist cardiology service--in the period 1 June 2009 to 31 May 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnosis of @entity453 , based on coronary angiography and/or admission with @entity1187 , in the 24 months after EET. RESULTS: Indigenous @entity1 were younger, more likely to be @entity1 and were twice as likely as non-Indigenous @entity1 to have a @entity102 . Indigenous @entity1 and those with a @entity102 had a higher proportion of inconclusive results. Completed EET had a positive predictive value of 48.1% (95% CI, 28.7%-68.1%) and a negative predictive value of 96.5% (95% CI, 93.2%-98.5%). Similar results were seen among Indigenous and non-Indigenous @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In regional and remote Australian settings, EET remains an important tool for the diagnosis of @entity453 . It is useful, and is reassuring to @entity1 and clinicians if the result is negative, particularly in a remote Indigenous Australian population with a significant burden of cardiovascular risk.

title: Utility of exercise electrocardiography testing for the diagnosis of XXXX in a remote Australian setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Dusky-footed wood @entity35 (Neotoma fuscipes Baird) and two species of Peromyscus @entity19 (P. maniculatus Wagner and P. truei Shufeldt) were collected over a 16-month period from three sites in Sonoma County, California. Blood was collected from 93 wood @entity35 and 177 mice and serum or plasma was tested for seroreactivity with @entity4210 sensu lato (also known as the @entity1 granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent). Thirty-five (37.6%) wood @entity35 and 15 (8.5%) @entity19 were seropositive. Positive Neotoma serology by site ranged from 9.4% to 62.1%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for the Ehrlichia groESL heat shock operon was performed on all the seropositive and selected seronegative wood @entity35 ; 24 (68.6%) seropositive animals were PCR positive. Two seroconversions and no seroreversions were detected among 18 of the seropositive wood @entity35 that were recaptured and tested multiple times (range = 2-6). Fourteen (77.8%) of the 18 were also PCR positive with six of these positive at every testing point (range = 2-6). One wood @entity35 remained serologically and PCR positive in six specimens collected over a 14-month period. One male of 84 questing adult Ixodes pacificus Cooley _ Kohls collected was PCR-positive for @entity4210 . @entity2069 , the agent of @entity3001 , was cultured from ear punch biopsies from six of seven @entity4210 seropositive and one of four seronegative wood @entity35 .

title: Persistent infection in Neotoma fuscipes (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) with XXXX sensu lato.

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity4210 :: ('948', 'Species') :: ['Ehrlichia phagocytophila', 'E. phagocytophila']

answer: @entity4210 :: (948,Species) :: ['Ehrlichia phagocytophila']


abstract: In a sample of 130 @entity1 who had undergone MRI (transverse T2-weighted SE sequence) patchy @entity62 ( @entity62 ) were documented according to number and spatial distribution in the brain. Ventricle-to-Brain Ratio (VBR) was determined. Configural frequency analysis led to delineation of four @entity1 groups on the basis of @entity62 location: 1. no @entity62 (n = 35), 2. right frontal-temporal @entity62 (n = 23), 3. bifrontal @entity62 (n = 12), 4. @entity62 in all/all but one brain region (n = 16). Psychopathological symptoms reported in the course of a maximum of 3 years were documented by chart review. In the 'pervasive @entity62 ' group psychopathological items characteristic of @entity75 prevailed, mean VBR exceeded values in all other groups (ANOVA, p < 0.001). @entity62 spatial distribution accounted for 10.2% of total psychopathological variance. @entity1 age, but not VBR, had a significant impact on symptom profile (MANCO-VA). When the 'pervasive @entity62 ' group was excluded, the finding of a significant effect of @entity62 location on psychopathological symptom profiles was robust. Bifrontal @entity62 were associated with thought incoherence, right frontal-temporal @entity62 with affective symptoms. Findings support an impact of spatial distribution of unspecific @entity62 on psychopathological symptoms in @entity146 @entity1 .

title: [Hyperintensive intramedullary lesions in @entity146 XXXX . Spatial distribution and psychopathologic symptoms].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'WML']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['organic brain syndromes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ingrown toenail is one of the most common nail complaints. Although some surgical treatments have been described for relapse cases, frequent recurrence of @entity158 , @entity281 , and poor cosmetic results prompted us to search for an appropriate treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at evaluation of our surgical technique of lateral fold and partial nail bed excision for the treatment of recurrent @entity18658 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 138 @entity1 who underwent surgery by lateral fold and partial nail bed excision from 2009 to 2011. The operative technique, results, and long-term outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: 131 @entity1 were followed up. 121 @entity1 (92.37%) were cured. 10 @entity1 (7.63%) had recurrent problems in 12 digits (7.06%). Of these, only 6 @entity1 underwent surgery again. CONCLUSIONS: Lateral fold and partial nail bed excision is a simple, safe, and effective technique for treatment of recurrent @entity18658 with a low risk of relapse.

title: Lateral fold and partial nail bed excision for the treatment of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity18658 :: ('MESH:C564384', 'Disease') :: ['ingrown toenails']

answer: @entity18658 :: (MESH:C564384,Disease) :: ['ingrown toenails']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been widely performed. However, procedure related-complications and the risk of @entity5 recurrence are limitations. We analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of @entity1 who underwent curative additional gastrectomy (gastrectomy) after ESD. METHODS: The clinical characteristics of cases underwent gastrectomy after ESD were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Between January 2002 and August 2010, 1,512 cases underwent ESD for early @entity356 (n=511) or @entity652 (n=1,001). Thirty-two cases (2.1%) underwent gastrectomy after ESD. Thirty cases (2.0%) were EGC and 2 cases (0.1%) were @entity652 . Extended indication, larger @entity5 size and piecemeal resection were risk factors for gastrectomy after ESD. According to the causes of gastrectomy, 13 cases underwent gastrectomy due to complications (40.6%; bleeding in 9, perforation in 4), and 19 cases based on pathological results (incomplete resection in 13, lymphatic invasion in 6). In cases with incomplete resection, the rate of @entity41 and lymph node @entity3 after gastrectomy was 69.2% (75% lateral margin, 60% deep and 75% both) and 7.7%, respectively. Three (50%) of the 6 cases with lymphatic invasion had lymph node metatstasis. CONCLUSIONS: The causes of gastrectomy after ESD were the procedure-related complications, the incomplete resection and lymphatic invasion. For complete and curative ESD, endoscopists should try to minimize complications and determine the depth of invasion accurately before ESD.

title: [Clinicopathologic characteristics of @entity1 who underwent curative additional gastrectomy after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early XXXX or @entity652 ].

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity1 with a family history of @entity320 are at increased risk of this @entity5 . Those family members who also have the @entity321 are commonly targeted for screening in the belief that they are more likely to be mutant gene carriers. We have correlated the @entity321 phenotype and gene carrier status in five families with germline @entity986 mutations and shown that family members with the @entity321 were three times more likely to be mutant gene carriers than their relatives who did not have the @entity321 (odds ratio 3.4; confidence interval 1.0-11. 1), supporting the view that @entity986 is nevogenic. Individual characteristics which best predicted mutant gene carrier status were: nevi on the buttocks (odds ratio 4.4; confidence interval 1. 6-12.4), nevi on the feet (odds ratio 4.2; confidence interval 1. 4-12.5), total nevus number being at least 100 (nevi > or = 2 mm in diameter) (odds ratio 3.4; confidence interval 1.0-11.1) and two or more clinically atypical nevi (odds ratio 3.1; confidence interval 1. 1-9.0). Gene carriers were also significantly more likely to have noticeable freckling and possibly also Fitzpatrick skin types 1-3. The overlap between gene carriers and nongene carriers was, however, marked: the @entity321 did not clearly differentiate mutant gene carriers from those with a normal gene. This study is of significance to clinicians as the clinical practice of using the @entity321 to identify particular family members for surveillance is shown to be inappropriate. Until formal gene testing is available, all members of families with an excessive number of @entity320 cases should be treated as potential mutation carriers at increased risk of @entity320 .

title: Genotype/phenotype and penetrance studies in @entity320 families with germline XXXX mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity321 :: ('MESH:C562393', 'Disease') :: ['atypical mole syndrome']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['CDKN2A']


abstract: For @entity309 , an effective therapy with minimal @entity137 would be welcome. In a six-month pilot study of seven @entity1 with a variety of presentations and previous treatments, we tested a therapy involving the extracorporeal photoactivation of biologically inert @entity9627 ( @entity9627 ) by ultraviolet A energy to a form that covalently cross-links lymphocyte DNA; the injured cells are returned to the @entity1 . Prior experimental studies had indicated that this regimen produces an immune reaction against antigens on treated T Cells, and a clinical trial in @entity784 had been successful. The current @entity1 were treated on two successive days monthly (or, later on, biweekly). Between 12 and 16 weeks of therapy there appeared to be a breakpoint after which joint counts and joint scores of four @entity1 began to improve. In three of them, these measures eventually diminished by mean values of 71% and 80%, respectively, of their baseline values, along with variable improvement in less direct indicators of clinical response. The joints of the fourth @entity1 improved modestly (by 33% and 59%, respectively, of baselines) but he required alternative therapy, and those of the remaining three @entity1 did not improve. Mean slopes for the joint counts were significantly different from zero after the apparent breakpoint (but not before), whether one examined the four apparent responders (p = 0.01) or the entire group of seven (p = 0.01). After completion of therapy, there was also a delay, of two to three months, in the clinical deterioration of those who had improved. There was only one mechanical adverse effect--a single episode of transient @entity551 in 102 treatment sessions--and no toxic ones. This preliminary study suggests that extracorporeal photochemotherapy may be effective at least in the short term in certain @entity1 with @entity309 , with less apparent @entity137 than that of any of the drugs currently used for this disorder. It deserves further evaluation.

title: Photopheresis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity9627 :: ('MESH:D008730', 'Chemical') :: ['8-methoxypsoralen', 'methoxsalen']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To improve access to breast reconstruction for mastectomy @entity1 , the United States enacted the @entity1 's Health and Cancer Rights Act in January of 1999. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of this legislation on @entity1 with different insurance plans. METHODS: @entity1 aged >= 18 years who underwent mastectomy for @entity5 were identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (2000-2009) and were classified according to their @entity0 ( @entity0 ) status. Trends in rates of @entity0 were described for each insurance category. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, race, estimated household income, and Elixhauser comorbidity index was performed to evaluate the relation between insurance status and @entity0 . RESULTS: In total, 168,236 @entity1 were identified who underwent a mastectomy during the study interval. Across the 10-year study period, rates of @entity0 increased 4.2-fold in Medicaid @entity1 , 2.9-fold in Medicare @entity1 , 2.6-fold in privately insured @entity1 , and 2.1-fold in self-pay @entity1 (P < .01). However, after adjustment for confounders, @entity1 without private insurance were less likely to undergo @entity0 compared with @entity1 who had private insurance (Medicaid: odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.37; Medicare: OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.49-0.58; self-pay: OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.37-0.50; other types of nonprivate insurance: OR, 0.64, 95% CI, 0.56-0.73). CONCLUSIONS: After the enactment of policy designed to improve access to @entity0 , Medicaid and Medicare @entity1 experienced the greatest relative increase in rates of @entity0 . Although policy changes had the most impact on traditionally underserved populations, disparities still exist. Future studies should endeavor to understand why such disparities have persisted.

title: Trends in XXXX across insurance groups after enactment of @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['immediate breast reconstruction', 'IBR']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['immediate breast reconstruction']


abstract: Kinesin is a processive motor protein: A single molecule can walk continuously along a microtubule for several micrometers, taking hundreds of 8-nm steps without dissociating. To elucidate the biochemical and structural basis for processivity, we have engineered a heterodimeric one-headed kinesin and compared its biochemical properties to those of the wild-type two-headed molecule. Our construct retains the functionally important neck and tail domains and supports motility in high-density microtubule gliding assays, though it fails to move at the single-molecule level. We find that the @entity4430 rate of one-headed kinesin is 3-6 s(-1) and that detachment from the microtubule occurs at a similar rate (3 s(-1)). This establishes that one-headed kinesin usually detaches once per @entity855 hydrolysis cycle. Furthermore, we identify the rate-limiting step in the one-headed hydrolysis cycle as detachment from the microtubule in the @entity857 .P(i) state. Because the @entity4430 and detachment rates are roughly an order of magnitude lower than the corresponding rates for two-headed kinesin, the detachment of one head in the homodimer (in the @entity857 .P(i) state) must be accelerated by the other head. We hypothesize that this results from internal strain generated when the second head binds. This idea accords with a hand-over-hand model for processivity in which the release of the trailing head is contingent on the binding of the forward head. These new results, together with previously published ones, allow us to propose a pathway that defines the chemical and mechanical cycle for two-headed kinesin.

title: Kinesin's processivity results from mechanical and chemical coordination between the XXXX hydrolysis cycles of the two motor domains.

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to test the ability of topical formulations of @entity585 and @entity12194 to re-enlarge hair follicles in @entity1665 . This was evaluated by an experimental model of @entity1 scalp skin graft transplanted onto @entity915 @entity19 . A comparison was made between formulations containing @entity585 and @entity12194 , and a vehicle formulation in terms of the mean hairs per graft, length, diameter of the shafts, and structures of the growth stages of the hair. @entity12194 and @entity585 had a significantly higher effect (P<0.05) than the placebo in all the tested parameters, but @entity12194 demonstrated more hair per graft and longer hair shafts than @entity585 (P<0.05). The number of hairs per graft for @entity12194 and @entity585 groups were 1.22+/-0. 47 and 0.88+/-0.95 hairs/0.5 mm2 graft, respectively, versus 0. 35+/-0.6 hairs/graft for vehicle-treated graft. Similarly, hair lengths for @entity12194 and @entity585 were 5.82+/-0.50 and 4.50+/-0. 32 mm, respectively, versus 2.83+/-0.18 mm for the vehicle-treated grafts. An in vitro diffusion study of @entity12194 gel using hairless @entity19 skin demonstrated the beneficial effect of the vehicle composition in comparison with a hydroalcoholic solution or a gel containing no penetration enhancer. It is therefore suggested that this topical composition containing @entity12194 or @entity585 may effectively result in regression of @entity1665 .

title: New topical antiandrogenic formulations can stimulate hair growth in @entity1 bald scalp grafted onto XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['male-pattern baldness']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['Flutamide', 'flutamide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the cost-effectiveness of adding computer-aided detection (CAD) to a screening mammography program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Markov model was developed to compare three hypothetical groups of @entity1 aged 40-79 years. The first group was composed of @entity1 undergoing mammographic screening without CAD; the second, of @entity1 undergoing mammographic screening with CAD; and the third, of @entity1 undergoing observation without screening. Cost-effectiveness was expressed as the marginal cost per year of life saved (MCYLS). MCYLS was calculated for screening mammography with CAD compared with screening mammography alone and for screening mammography alone compared with observation. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying the cost of CAD, the rates of @entity5 detection with CAD, and the stage distribution of @entity0 diagnosed with CAD. RESULTS: Adding CAD to a mammographic screening program resulted in a MCYLS of  19,058. The MCYLS of screening mammography alone compared with observation was  16,023. CAD increases the marginal effectiveness of screening by 29%; however, the marginal cost of screening is also increased by 34%. Varying the cost of CAD yields a linear increase in MCYLS from  8937 with CAD at  9 per case to  24,924 with CAD at  25 per case. The cost-effectiveness of CAD is dependent on the magnitude of the increase in @entity5 detection rates with CAD but is also affected by the stage distribution of @entity5 diagnosed with CAD. CONCLUSION: The MCYLS is 19% greater for CAD added to screening versus screening mammography alone but is still within the accepted range for cost-effectiveness.

title: Computer-aided detection of XXXX : a cost-effectiveness study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe common physical examination findings, clinicopathologic changes, treatment, and outcome in @entity1 with evidence of @entity2359 secondary to rattlesnake @entity5900 . DESIGN: Retrospective multicenter study (2005-2010). SETTING: Three private veterinary referral centers. ANIMALS: Thirty-four client-owned @entity468 and @entity235 with evidence of @entity2359 secondary to rattlesnake @entity5900 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 signalment, approximate time between @entity5900 and presentation for veterinary evaluation, physical examination and clinicopathologic findings, treatments, serial neurologic assessment, duration of hospitalization, and outcome were recorded. Signs of @entity2359 such as @entity2055 , @entity2901 , paresis, @entity912 , or @entity410 were required for inclusion into the study. The incidence of @entity2359 amongst the general population treated with antivenin for rattlesnake @entity5900 in this study was 5.4%. Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune @entity1334 (b) and veterinary approved Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent(a) were both used in this study. There was no statistically significant difference between type of antivenin or number of vials of antivenin administered and neurologic status, length of hospitalization (LOH), or survival. @entity1371 was a frequently identified complication, but the presence of @entity1371 did not have a statistically significant association with LOH or survival. Four of the 34 @entity1 (11.8%) required positive pressure ventilation for signs consistent with @entity4589 ; 2 of these @entity1 survived to discharge. Overall mortality rate was 17.6%. Survival was not significantly different between @entity235 and @entity468 . However, @entity468 had a significantly longer LOH when compared with @entity235 (median LOH 3.5 d for @entity468 , 2 d for @entity235 ). @entity468 appear to be overrepresented in the subset of envenomated @entity1 with @entity2359 . CONCLUSION: Although the incidence of @entity2359 secondary to rattlesnake @entity5900 may be relatively low, @entity1 can have rapid progression of their clinical signs and a higher mortality rate, necessitating timely and appropriate treatment. @entity1 treated for @entity2359 secondary to @entity5900 appear to have a fair to good prognosis.

title: Retrospective evaluation of XXXX in @entity235 and @entity468 : 34 cases (2005-2010).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia, postural deficits']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia', 'Hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxic rattlesnake envenomation']


abstract: @entity141 acts as an important second messenger in mast cells. However, the mechanisms involved in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines from activated mast cells are unknown. In this study, we examined the signaling pathway involved in @entity460 -related cytokine secretion in a mast cell line, @entity35 cells. We report that treatment with @entity11008 ( @entity11008 ), a chelator of intracellular @entity460 , can inhibit IgE-stimulated @entity1505 and @entity568 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 0.41 and 0.014 microM, respectively. Maximal inhibition of @entity1505 - and @entity568 secretion was 58.5 +/- 3% and 87 +/- 8% in @entity11008 , respectively. @entity11008 also completely inhibited the IgE-induced @entity1505 and @entity568 mRNA levels. In activated @entity35 cells, the expression level of NF-kappaB/ @entity14185 protein increased in the nucleus. However, the level of NF-kappaB/ @entity14185 in nucleus was decreased by treatment of @entity11008 . In addition, @entity11008 completely inhibited the IgE-induced @entity31001 ( @entity31001 ) activation and @entity24317 phosphorylation. These observations demonstrate that the intracellular @entity141 may play an important role in IgE-induced @entity1505 and @entity568 secretion from mast cells via @entity31001 activation.

title: Role of XXXX on @entity1505 and @entity568 secretion from @entity35 mast cells.

entities_list: @entity31001 :: ('84351(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IkappaB kinase beta', 'IKKbeta']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity11008 :: ('MESH:C070379', 'Chemical') :: ["1,2-bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester", 'BAPTA-AM']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']


abstract: The study investigates to what extent bird feathers contain relevant allergens/antigens involved in bird fancier's @entity565 . The study group consisted of two @entity5798 fanciers, two parrot fanciers and one canary fancier. All subjects complained of asthmatic symptoms, caused by contact with their birds, and they showed a significant @entity6587 to @entity934 . Positive IgE antibody reactions to bird sera as well as to extracts of feathers were observed in RAST. Well-defined major allergenic bands could be detected and identified in the IgE immunoblots with feather extracts as well as with serum proteins of @entity5798 , parrot, pigeon, canary, and hen (mol. mass 20-30 kDa and 67 kDa). The most pronounced bands appeared with the extracts of species to which an exposure had taken place. Weaker IgG-binding patterns were also observed. Our results show that inhalable feather dust contains several allergenic components which cross-react with serum allergens/antigens of the same as well as of other bird species. This emphasizes the significance of bird feathers for immediate-type @entity56 .

title: Allergens causing bird fancier's XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity900 / @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) is an accepted palliative chemotherapy treatment for @entity213 , improving quality of life but not overall survival. @entity416 in place of @entity1487 removes the morbidity of an infusional regime with potential benefit in @entity1 well-being. This study looks at outcomes for @entity900 plus @entity416 (PX) outside of a trial setting. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 receiving this treatment in a single centre were retrospectively analysed. @entity900 (mean dose 75 mg/m  ) was given on day 1 of a 3-week cycle and @entity416 (mean dose 808 mg/m   twice daily) on days 1-14, for up to 6 cycles. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 (median age 58.6 years) received a median of 4 cycles of chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 30.7%, with a median overall survival of 7.3 months. Treatment was well tolerated with a 10.7% grade 3 and a 1.5% grade 4 @entity1398 rate, with no other grade 4 @entity137 . One @entity1 died of @entity1398 whilst on treatment. Twenty-seven percent of @entity1 stopped treatment early due to chemotherapy-related side effects. CONCLUSION: PX is well tolerated outside the trial setting with outcomes similar to historical published literature. Ease of administration and benefit to @entity1 convenience make it an attractive alternative to standard palliative treatment.

title: XXXX plus @entity416 as first-line chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer: experience outside of a trial setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: @entity2116 is a topical @entity3875 analogue approved for the treatment of plaque and @entity11885 . We report the case of a 2-year-old @entity1 whose @entity483 ( @entity483 ) flared in response to application of @entity2116 0.005% cream and solution for a mistaken diagnosis of plaque and @entity11885 . We investigated whether the @entity1 's eruption was secondary to an @entity3408 . In the Stat6VT @entity19 model of @entity483 we tested whether @entity2116 could induce the otherwise-spontaneous @entity483 -like phenotype. Closed patch testing was done on the @entity1 with @entity2116 solution and cream, moisturizing cream, and 51% @entity5723 . Stat6VT and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 were treated for 7 days with @entity2116 solution or vehicle ( @entity5723 ) applied to the right and @entity272 , respectively, after which @entity19 were followed longitudinally for 10 weeks. Biopsy specimens from prior treatment sites were then collected for histology and RNA isolation. RNA was analyzed for interleukin ( @entity58 ) expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Patch testing was negative. Stat6VT @entity19 , in contrast to @entity164 @entity19 , developed a persistent @entity484 at sites of @entity2116 application. Clinical and histologic features and high @entity58 transcript levels were consistent with the spontaneous @entity483 -like phenotype seen in Stat6VT @entity19 . At sites of active disease, @entity2116 can worsen a flare of @entity483 . In Stat6VT @entity19 , @entity2116 can induce the @entity483 -like phenotype.

title: Topical application of a vitamin D analogue exacerbates XXXX and induces the @entity483 -like phenotype in Stat6VT @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['left upper back skin']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcipotriene', 'calcipotriene']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropanol']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['eczematous dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity11885 :: ('MESH:C538225', 'Disease') :: ['scalp psoriasis']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is suggested to reflect the degree of @entity32 and hyperreactivity in @entity1 with @entity565 . We measured serum ECP levels before @entity676 months after treatment with inhaled @entity4184 (n = 10) or @entity9992 (SCG) (n = 7) in @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: The daily dose of @entity4184 was 800 micrograms/m2 during the first month and 400 micrograms/m2 during the next 4 months. ECP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: ECP decreased during the 5 months of treatment (p = 0.020 for treatment groups combined; p = 0.049 for the @entity4184 group; p = NS for the SCG group). The higher the serum ECP level at entry, the more it decreased during treatment, both in the @entity4184 group (r = -0.697, p < 0.05) and in the SCG group (r = -0.893, p < 0.05). No correlation was found between the ECP level and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1%) or between changes in these. However, basal pulmonary function was reduced in 8 of 16 subjects only, and FEV1% did not change significantly in either group. Thus the absence of a correlation is understandable. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical value of the sensitive decrease in serum ECP remains to be established.

title: Serum eosinophil cationic protein during treatment of XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cromoglycate']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Despite recent improvements in surgery and radiotherapy, and refinements of systemic treatment options, including incorporation of targeted agents, long-term survival remains poor for @entity1 with @entity418 . While surgical resection alone constitutes the standard approach for early-stage disease (stage I), multimodality therapy, including perioperative chemotherapy and neoadjuvant or definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT), are internationally accepted treatment options for @entity1 with locally advanced disease. In lower esophageal and esophagogastric junction @entity420 , data from large, randomized phase III trials and meta-analyses support the use of both perioperative chemotherapy alone or neoadjuvant concurrent CRT. In @entity1 with locally advanced @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the esophagus, neoadjuvant CRT but not neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone is the preferred treatment approach. Definitive CRT without surgery has also emerged as a useful option for the treatment of resectable @entity957 of the esophagus, avoiding potential surgical morbidity and mortality, with salvage surgery reserved for those with persistent disease. Functional imaging modalities, such as PET-CT, may create new opportunities for a more adequate therapy response assessment and @entity1 selection. @entity1 with @entity957 that show clinical response by PET-CT are considered to have a more favorable outcome, regardless of whether surgery will be performed or not. In nonresponding @entity1 , salvage surgery improves survival, especially if complete resection is achieved. Recent technological advances in radiotherapy, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, image guided-radiotherapy and PET-CT-based radiotherapy planning, may further improve the therapeutic ratio of CRT. Moreover, the traditional backbone of CRT, @entity902 plus @entity1487 , may be supplanted by more modern and easier-to-administer regimens incorporating @entity6023 , @entity2600 and targeted agents.

title: The role of radiotherapy in the multimodal management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: A preterm @entity1 was born at 34 weeks. Prenatal ultrasonography showed oligohydramnios, @entity2241 , large kidneys, and small thorax. He died 21 h after birth of @entity1576 . Autopsy revealed Potter's-like facies, hypoplastic lungs, ascites, and bilateral nephromegaly (renal weight almost 10 times normal). The kidneys were finely nodular externally, solid, and cerebriform on cut section. Histologically, they showed a diffusely distorted architecture of jumbled lobules, @entity1373 of cortical-type tissue with inconspicuous proximal tubules, relative @entity509 of medullary tissue, @entity1986 , and perilobar @entity3040 rests. The renal features represent a variety of the universal or panlobar (also called pancortical or infantile) type of @entity10230 . To our knowledge, this is only the third such case reported. In the brain, each lateral ventricle contained a yellow gelatinous mass. Histologically, the masses consisted of a pseudomyxoid matrix with delicate fibers and focal adipocyte clusters, all confined within choroid plexus. We consider these lesions @entity4607 .

title: Bilateral hyperplastic nephromegaly, @entity10230 , and renal dysplasia in a newborn: a variety of universal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10230 :: ('MESH:C536399', 'Disease') :: ['nephroblastomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3040 :: ('MESH:D018500', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['fibrolipomatous hamartomas']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal ascites']

answer: @entity10230 :: (MESH:C536399,Disease) :: ['nephroblastomatosis']


abstract: In this retrospective study, the authors analyse 40 cases of @entity6551 collected between 1973 and 1991. Most of the @entity1 were young and four out of five were less than 30 years old. The @entity428 was predominant (75% of the cases). Topographic diagnosis of the space-occupying process was established by arteriography in 13 cases, but a more precise approach to the nature of the lesion could only be obtained by CT (27 cases). The supratentorial localization predominated in 70% of the cases. 16% of the lesions were multiple and 7 @entity1 had developing extracranial @entity378 . All the @entity1 received medical treatment associating 3 antibacillary agents. Twenty-five @entity1 underwent surgery, 23 of these for diagnostic purpose and 2 following the failure of the isolated medical treatment. Five @entity1 (12.5%) died after a prolonged @entity772 . Recovery was achieved in 50% of the @entity1 . Fifteen of these @entity1 (37.5%) still have neuro-ophthalmologic sequelae.

title: [Encephalic XXXX . 40 cases].

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['encephalic tuberculomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension syndrome']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity6551 :: (MESH:D014375,Disease) :: ['tuberculoma']


abstract: This study was set up to evaluate retrospectively the efficacy of a standard diagnostic procedure, including non-invasive and invasive (spinal tap, nerve/muscle biopsy) investigations, in the diagnosis of @entity1897 . The medical records of 171 in- @entity1 with the final diagnosis of @entity1897 of determined or undetermined cause were reviewed and each individual diagnostic work-up was analysed. Basic investigations included the @entity1 's history, a clinical examination and basic laboratory tests. Depending on the individual presentation, course, and severity, further non-invasive and invasive examinations were added according to the department's standard diagnostic procedure. The aetiology could be clarified in 124 @entity1 (73%) and remained unclear in 47 cases. Excluding cases with acute and chronic inflammatory @entity305 (n=14), the number of @entity1897 dropped to 33. Non-invasive investigations were sufficient to reveal the underlying aetiology in 114 cases (83 %). It is concluded that, with the application of a standard procedure for the diagnosis of @entity1897 , the aetiology can be clarified in 81% of @entity1 . In the other 19% of @entity1 the aetiology remains idiopathic. In the majority of cases, non-invasive investigations were sufficient for diagnosis.

title: Diagnostic work-up in XXXX : an analysis of 171 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic peripheral neuropathies', 'peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: @entity158 is the main factor that limits regional @entity221 treatment. Using the @entity22226 model of the regional @entity221 treatment planning system, the capability of absorbing blocks to reduce peripheral hot spots was investigated. The effect of rectangular absorbers of various size and salinity on an elliptical phantom in the Coaxial TEM was evaluated. The computed results were compared with @entity22226 values measured in the phantom. Absorbers of 9 x 9 x 4 cm3 and a salinity of 18 gram l(-1) provide a @entity22226 reduction in the muscle equivalent material, centrally under the absorber of at least 50% at a depth of up to 3 cm. The effect on the central (i.e. @entity5 ) region is less than 20%. Larger absorbers have a more global effect and cause more attenuation in the central region. The attenuating effect depends strongly on the thickness of the fat layer between muscle and absorber. More than 2 cm fat limits the effective use of absorbers. Absorbers can induce a significant increase of @entity22226 in muscle and fat near their edges. This effect also depends on absorber size and salinity and the thickness of the fat layer. The effect of an absorber was also evaluated with a @entity1 anatomy, yielding results in agreement with the phantom experiments.

title: The use of absorbing structures during regional XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Local pain']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: 1. Relative to @entity1 HbA, opossum ( @entity3968 ) hemoglobin was found to be more susceptible to autoxidation. While the initial rate of autoxidation of spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) hemoglobin is close to that of HbA, complete oxidation occurs in 50 hr. 2. Direct addition of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) induced oxidation of hemoglobins in a definite order: spot Hb > HbA > opossum Hb. Excess @entity274 led to @entity1446 degradation and precipitation that occurred much faster for spot Hb than the case with other proteins. 3. Exposure of hemoglobins to a continuous flux of @entity274 , generated by the @entity413 / @entity413 oxidase system, induced the formation of heterogeneous protein-associated oxidation products. 4. Differential reactivity among these hemoglobins under the same or different oxidative conditions, with respect to methemoglobin formation and stability of the ferric form, may reflect the differences in the local heme environment of these proteins.

title: Oxidation reactions of XXXX , opossum ( @entity3968 ) and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) hemoglobins: a search for a correlation with some structural-functional properties.

entities_list: @entity3968 :: ('9267', 'Species') :: ['Didelphis virginiana']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The study purpose was to determine the efficacy of @entity230 , volume expanders and antivirals in the management of idiopathic @entity1274 and to establish importance of early medical intervention. In this prospective study, thirty-four @entity1 presenting with idiopathic @entity2459 of 30  db or more were enrolled in study group between 2005 and 2009. @entity1 variables as they related to recovery were studied and include @entity1 age, time to onset of therapy, status of contralateral ear, presence of @entity6 , severity of @entity393 , pattern of @entity393 in audiogram and presence of associated symptoms, ( @entity392 , vertigo). Treatment protocol with intravenous @entity701 , intravenous dextran and oral anti-viral agent was followed. Pre-treatment and post-treatment pure tone average was analyzed. With combination therapy the overall improvement in pure tone threshold was seen in 27 @entity1 (79.4%). A statistically significant association was found between the time at which medical intervention was started and hearing improvement. Early intervention in @entity1 presenting before 3  days has given 77.8% complete type 1 recovery @entity1274 is a medical emergency. It should not be misdiagnosed. Early detection and management with volume expanders, @entity230 and antivirals will improve the chances of complete recovery.

title: Sudden XXXX : an otologic emergency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic sudden sensory neural hearing loss', 'sudden sensory neural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: 1. Spontaneous electrical fluctuations (+/- 0.2-0.4 mV) were recorded in 'quiescent' atrial fibres of the @entity7136 . 2. The noise decreased in @entity934 , small hyperpolarization and EGTA. 3. The noise increased (to +/- 1-2 mV) and became more synchronous in K+-free Ringer and in ouabain. 4. Large voltage fluctuations (+/- 1-2 mV) were accompanied by a fine mechanical @entity400 , indicating intracellular [ @entity141 ] fluctuations. 5. Spectral analysis showed a clear resonant frequency at about 1 Hz, indicating that the noise cannot result from the random switching of independent ionic channels. 6. We propose that the intracellular [ @entity141 ] and the membrane K+-conductance are involved in a feed-back loop which can oscillate and produce the electromechanical noise. The frequency of oscillation is determined by the relatively slow diffusion of @entity141 from the intracellular reservoir to the surface membrane.

title: Electromechanical noise in atrial muscle cells of the XXXX : a possible ionic feed-back mechanism.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['carp']


abstract: @entity1205 has shown remarkable radiosensitizing in vitro properties. In a previous phase I/II dose escalation study in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) we observed a high response rate after concomitant boost radiotherapy and weekly @entity1205 . The maximum tolerated dose was 30 mg m(-2) week(-1). In the present phase II study we evaluated whether weekly @entity1205 and conventionally fractionated radiotherapy could be better tolerated and equally effective in the treatment of locally advanced @entity1149 . Thirty-five @entity1 with T3, T4/N2, T3/M0-staged disease were recruited. @entity1205 (30 mg m(-2)) was given as a 30 min infusion once a week. Asthenia and radiation-induced @entity354 were the main side-effects of the regimen enforcing 2-week treatment delay in 6/35 (17%) @entity1 and minor delay (3-7 days) in another 11/35 (31%) @entity1 . Neutrophil, platelet and haemoglobin @entity137 was minimal, but pronounced @entity2905 was observed. Complete response (CR) of the chest disease was observed in 12/35 (34%) @entity1 and partial response in 16/35 (46%). Although not statistically significant (P=0.19), a higher CR rate (8/18; 44%) was observed in @entity1 who accomplished their therapy within the scheduled treatment time (44-47 days) as compared to @entity1 that interrupted their treatment for several days due to treatment-related @entity137 ( @entity22979 /17; 23%). The overall survival and the local progression-free survival at 1 year was 48% and 60% respectively. We conclude that @entity1205 combination with radiotherapy is a promising approach for the management of locally advanced @entity1149 that results in high CR rate. Further trials with @entity1205 -based radiochemotherapy should integrate accelerated radiotherapy together with cytoprotection.

title: Concurrent conventionally factionated radiotherapy and weekly XXXX in the treatment of stage IIIb @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: Young @entity1 entering US jails and youth detention facilities have high rates of @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention added STD screening guidelines specific to correctional settings to the 2010 STD Treatment Guidelines. This article summarizes published evidence from 1990 to 2009 used to develop the recommendations. The literature supports routine screening of adolescents and young @entity1 (aged  <=35 years, or on the basis of local institutional prevalence data) for @entity1047 and @entity2954 because of high prevalence and the subsequent risk of adverse reproductive outcomes. Chlamydia positivity among young @entity1 (aged <20 years) in juvenile detention facilities and adult facilities is more than 14%. @entity1 in correctional settings are also at high risk for @entity1047 and @entity2954 . Among @entity1 in juvenile detention facilities, @entity1047 positivity is estimated at 6.6%; among young @entity1 in adult facilities, positivity is 16.6%. Screening @entity1 (to reduce sequelae among @entity1 ) should be considered based on local epidemiology and resource availability. Syphilis screening is not strongly supported in published literature because of low prevalence and is not routinely recommended; however, some screening may be warranted based on local prevalence. Although there is a great diversity in the organization of correctional facilities, implementation of screening recommendations is possible owing to improvements in test technology (urine specimens) and through integration of a standard screening protocol. Based on the high burden of disease and substantial opportunities to reach a high-risk population, correctional facilities are important venues to target efforts to control @entity2953 .

title: Screening for @entity2953 in short-term correctional institutions: summary of evidence reviewed for the 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention XXXX Diseases Treatment Guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'Men', 'boys', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STDs', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['Sexually Transmitted']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal timing of surgical intervention for @entity884 ( @entity884 ) with @entity532 remains controversial because the risk of perioperative @entity932 is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of acute @entity385 ( @entity385 ) in @entity1 with @entity884 and its hemorrhagic risk after valve operations. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 102 consecutive @entity1 (35 with neurologic symptoms; 67 without neurologic symptoms) who underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) before valve operations for left-sided active @entity884 between 2005 and 2010. The prevalence of acute @entity385 and its postoperative neurologic outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Acute @entity385 was detected preoperatively in 64 of 102 (62.7%) @entity1 . Of the 64 @entity1 with acute @entity385 , 34 underwent surgical treatment within 14 days after diagnosis of @entity385 (early group), whereas the other 30 @entity1 underwent operation after more than 14 days (delayed group). @entity385 was confirmed in 1 @entity1 in each group. Furthermore, in 43 of the @entity1 with acute @entity385 who were followed with postoperative neuroimaging, @entity548 was confirmed in only 1 @entity1 in the delayed group. However new @entity932 was confirmed in 2 @entity1 in the early group and 3 @entity1 in the delayed group. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of postoperative @entity548 of preoperative acute @entity385 was low, even in @entity1 who underwent early operation. Our data suggested that there is no benefit for delaying surgical treatment beyond 2 weeks to prevent @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity385 . However @entity932 sometimes occurs regardless of the timing of surgical treatment.

title: Impact of early surgical treatment on postoperative neurologic outcome for active @entity884 complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ectopic intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic transformation']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['CI', 'cerebral infarction', 'Postoperative CI deterioration']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: About one third of the @entity1 with @entity302 are not satisfactorily controlled in spite of correct anticonvulsive treatment. Although the ketogenic diet has been used for @entity302 since the 1920s, over the past ten years it has been used much more. OBJECTIVE: To review the effectiveness, tolerance and adverse effects in 12 paediatric @entity1 who have been on this diet for over three months. @entity1 AND METHODS: We assessed 15 @entity1 , of whom only 12 are included in this review ( 5 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ). After initial joint evaluation by the neuropaediatrician and the Clinical Nutrition Unit the diet was started in hospital with a period of fasting (24 48 hours) until @entity1270 occurred. The diet was continued over three days before the @entity1 was sent home. In our centre we used a diet with modified MCT, in which 30% of the energy was given in the form of MCT and 40% as natural fats. The effectiveness of the diet was found by comparing the number of @entity410 suffered by the @entity1 before starting the diet with the number at different times later (1, 3, 6, 12, 18 months). RESULTS: The median age when starting on the diet was 3 years and 5 months (range 18 months to 9 years). All had been diagnosed as having the @entity5761 , six having cryptogenic disease. Six @entity1 had severe @entity1032 . Six months after starting the diet, half the @entity1 had over 50% reduction in @entity410 whilst a third had no @entity410 at all or had their frequency of occurrence reduced by over 90%. After one year three families had given up the diet, two because of its inefficacy in controlling the @entity410 . The diet was well tolerated in all cases, with levels of @entity1270 maintained at 2+. Mild adverse effects were seen in only three @entity1 and transient rise in the plasma @entity165 level in four @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The ketogenic diet is still an effective treatment for @entity302 , especially in @entity1 in whom the drugs available have not led to improvement. Its excellent tolerance and few short term side effects encourages its use in most cases of @entity302 .

title: [The return to the ketogenic diet. What role does it play in the treatment of refractory XXXX of infancy?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5761 :: ('MESH:D065768', 'Disease') :: ['Lennox Gastaut syndrome']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketosis', 'ketonuria']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To apply voxel-based methods to map the regional distribution of @entity194 and T2 hyperintense lesions in the cervical cord of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 with different clinical phenotypes. METHODS: Brain and cervical cord 3D T1-weighted and T2-weighted scans were acquired from 31 healthy controls (HC) and 77 @entity15 @entity1 (15 @entity922 ( @entity922 ), 15 relapsing-remitting (RR), 19 benign (B), 15 primary progressive (PP) and 13 secondary progressive (SP) @entity15 ). @entity602 were outlined on T2-weighted scans. The T2- and 3D T1-weighted cord images were then analysed using an active surface method which created output images reformatted in planes perpendicular to the estimated cord centre line. These unfolded cervical cord images were co-registered into a common space; then smoothed binary cord masks and lesion masks underwent spatial statistic analysis (SPM8). RESULTS: No @entity194 was found in @entity922 @entity1 versus HC, while PPMS had significant @entity194 . Clusters of @entity194 were found in BMS versus RRMS, and in SPMS versus RRMS, BMS and PPMS @entity1 , mainly involving the posterior and lateral cord segments. @entity602 probability maps showed a significantly greater likelihood of abnormalities in RRMS, PPMS and SPMS than in @entity922 and BMS @entity1 . The spatial distributions of @entity194 and @entity602 were not correlated. In progressive @entity15 , regional @entity194 was correlated with @entity717 and @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: Voxel-based assessment of cervical @entity602 is feasible and may contribute to a better characterisation of the clinical heterogeneity of @entity15 @entity1 .

title: Voxel-wise mapping of cervical XXXX in @entity15 @entity1 with different clinical phenotypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in the pyramidal system']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord lesions', 'cord damage', 'Cord lesion', 'Hyperintense cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'cord atrophy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['clinical disability']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndromes', 'CIS']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['cord damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence of intraoperative hemodynamic events when antidepressive treatment with @entity1154 oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) was continued during anesthesia. METHOD: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted among @entity1 who were admitted for elective surgery requiring anesthesia in 8 Dutch hospitals (2004-2010). The index group included current users of irreversible ( @entity5832 ) and reversible ( @entity13079 ) MAOIs. The reference group included a sample of nonusers matched to the index group on hospital, type and period of surgery, and type of anesthesia (ratio 1:3). The outcome of interest was the occurrence of the following intraoperative hemodynamic events: @entity551 or @entity101 and @entity591 or @entity1168 . RESULTS: Approximately 280,000 surgical procedures were performed in the participating hospitals in the total observational period of 33 years. The index group included 26 and 25 users of @entity5832 and @entity13079 , respectively. The reference groups included 149 nonusers. @entity551 occurred less frequently in users of @entity5832 (46%) than in nonusers (73%) (P = .01). The occurrence of @entity101 , @entity1168 , and @entity591 during anesthesia was not different between users of @entity5832 (27%, 50%, and 12%, respectively) and those in the reference group (35%, 61%, and 26%, respectively). The occurrence of @entity551 , @entity101 , @entity1168 , and @entity591 was not different between users of @entity13079 and the reference group. CONCLUSIONS: Severe adverse hemodynamic events, such as @entity101 and @entity591 , did not occur more frequently in users of both the irreversible MAOI @entity5832 and the reversible @entity11926 inhibitor @entity13079 compared to nonusers. These findings suggest that there is no longer much justification to discontinue these MAOIs before surgery, with the considerable risk of compromising @entity1 ' @entity146 status.

title: Antidepressive treatment with XXXX oxidase inhibitors and the occurrence of intraoperative hemodynamic events: a retrospective observational cohort study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity13079 :: ('MESH:D020912', 'Chemical') :: ['moclobemide']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5832 :: ('MESH:D014191', 'Chemical') :: ['tranylcypromine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['monoamine']