abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinicians are becoming aware of the increased attention paid to the occurrence of @entity458 in our society and its consequences. However, only recently has attention been paid to their association with medical and particularly @entity344 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Recently, we investigated the frequency of @entity458 among female @entity1 in our gastroenterology clinic, and their association with health status. Of 206 @entity1 , 89 (44%) reported some type of @entity458 in their lifetime. We also found that @entity1 diagnosed with functional @entity74 when compared with those with organic diagnoses reported a significantly greater frequency of sexual (53% versus 37%) and physical abuse (13% versus 2%). Of these, 59% had never discussed the abuse experience outside their families, a third had never told anyone, and only 17% of their GI physicians were aware of this history. We also found that abuse history led to a poorer health outcome: more severe @entity158 and a higher frequency of @entity2371 (16% versus 6%), more @entity1109 (7.1 versus 5.8), more physician visits in the previous six months (4.2 versus 3.3) and more lifetime operations (2.8 versus 2.0). CONCLUSIONS: In a GI referral practice, abuse history is a hidden factor that is associated with poorer adjustment to illness, greater symptom severity and higher health care use rates. Since the publication of these data, several groups have supported our findings and obtained additional new data on associating factors and possible mechanisms of symptom generation. This paper will: (i) review this epidemiologic data, (ii) propose hypotheses about their association, (iii) offer suggestions to identify this information in a sensitive and supportive manner, and (iv) discuss how to initiate referral for ancillary psychosocial care.

title: @entity458 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['non-GI symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal illnesses']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual or physical abuse', 'sexual and physical abuse']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['GI disorders']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal illness']


abstract: Aromatase inhibition (AI) is the most effective endocrine treatment for @entity0 in post-menopausal @entity1 , but a percentage of @entity5282 -positive @entity5 do not benefit from such therapy: for example, about 20% of @entity1 treated with @entity13558 do not respond and it is still impossible to accurately predict sensitivity. Our main goal was to identify a robust expression signature predictive of response to neoadjuvant treatment with @entity13558 in @entity1 with ER+ @entity0 . At the same time, we addressed the question of delineating treatment effects and possible mechanisms of intrinsic resistance occurring in non-responder @entity1 . We analyzed the transcriptome of 17 tru-cut biopsies before treatment and 13 matched surgical samples after 3 months treatment with @entity13558 taken from ER+ @entity0 . Molecular profiles were related to clinical response data. Treatment with @entity13558 was associated with a decreased expression of genes relating to cell proliferation and an increased expression of genes relating to inflammatory processes. There was also an enrichment of induction of T-cell anergy, positive regulation of @entity342 signalling, synaptic transmission and vesicle trafficking in non-responders, and of cell cycle inhibition and induction of immune response in responders. We identified an expression signature of 77 probes (54 genes) that predicted response in 100% of our cases. Five of them were able to accurately predict response on an independent dataset (P = 0.0056) of 52 ER+ @entity0 treated with @entity4672 . Ten fixed independent samples from the @entity13558 study were also used for RT-qPCR validations. This study suggests that a relative small number of genes analysed in a pre-treatment biopsy may identify @entity1 likely to respond to AI neoadjuvant treatment. This may have practical utility translatable to the clinics. Furthermore, it delineates novel mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to AI therapy that could be further investigated in order to explore circumventing treatments.

title: Gene expression profiling and prediction of response to hormonal neoadjuvant treatment with @entity13558 in surgically resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity131 can be identified in most @entity1 with mesial @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). Surgical removal of the @entity3808 hippocampus is widely performed to treat @entity1 with drug-resistant mesial @entity1315 . In general, both @entity302 -prone and @entity302 -resistant neurons are believed to be in the hippocampal formation. The hilar mossy cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus are usually considered one of the most vulnerable types of neurons. The aim of this study was to clarify the fate of mossy cells in the hippocampus in @entity302 @entity1 . METHODS: Of the 19 @entity1 included in this study, 15 underwent temporal lobe resection because of drug-resistant @entity1315 . Four @entity1 were used as controls because they harbored @entity5 that had not invaded the hippocampus and they had experienced no @entity410 . Histological evaluation of resected hippocampal tissues was performed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Mossy cells were identified in the control as well as the @entity302 hippocampi by using @entity2072 - and @entity4944 -regulated transcript peptide immunohistochemistry. In most cases the number of mossy cells was reduced and thorny excrescences were smaller in the @entity302 hippocampi than in controls; however, there was a significant loss of pyramidal cells and a partial loss of granule cells in the same @entity302 hippocampi in which mossy cell loss was apparent. The loss of mossy cells could be correlated with the extent of @entity131 , @entity1 age at @entity410 onset, duration of @entity302 , and frequency of @entity410 . CONCLUSIONS: In many cases large numbers of mossy cells were present in the hilus of the dentate gyrus when most pyramidal neurons of the @entity1399 and @entity1400 areas of the Ammon's horn were lost, suggesting that mossy cells may not be more vulnerable to @entity302 than the hippocampal pyramidal neurons.

title: Survival of mossy cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in XXXX with mesial @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Hippocampal sclerosis', 'hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 @entity1 have favorable outcomes in @entity712 , @entity101 , @entity1095 , and @entity453 . @entity28 also has been linked with increased incidence of @entity955 , but its influence on outcomes in @entity955 @entity1 has not been investigated. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of @entity28 on outcomes in @entity955 . METHODS: The @entity955 Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study was one of the largest multicenter trials of @entity955 , with 4060 @entity1 . Subjects were randomized to rate versus rhythm-control strategy. We performed a post hoc analysis of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute limited access dataset of @entity955 @entity1 who had body mass index (BMI) data available in the AFFIRM study. BMI data were not available on 1542 @entity1 . @entity1 with BMI >or=18.5 were split into normal (18.5-25), overweight (25-30), and @entity28 (>30) categories as per BMI (kg/m(2)). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used on the eligible 2492 @entity1 . End points were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS: Over three fourths of all @entity1 in our cohort were overweight or @entity28 . There were 304 deaths (103 among normal weight, 108 among overweight, and 93 among @entity28 ) and 148 @entity65 (54 among normal weight, 41 among overweight, and 53 among @entity28 ) over a mean period of 3 years of @entity1 follow-up. On multivariate analysis, overweight (hazard ratio [HR] 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.84; P=.001) and @entity28 (HR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68-0.93; P=.005) categories were associated with lower all-cause mortality as compared with normal weight. Overweight (HR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.26-0.60; P <.001) and @entity28 @entity1 (HR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.95; P=.01) also had lower cardiovascular mortality as compared with the normal weight @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although in prior studies, @entity28 has been associated with increased risk of @entity955 , an @entity28 paradox exists for outcomes in @entity955 . @entity28 @entity1 with @entity955 appear to have better long-term outcomes than nonobese @entity1 .

title: Influence of XXXX on outcomes in @entity955 : yet another @entity28 paradox.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity', 'obese', 'Obese']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular deaths']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The roles of different K+ currents in regulating the generation and waveform of action potentials in @entity238 dorsal longitudinal flight muscles (DLMs) were examined in current-clamp experiments. In response to depolarizing current, DLMs displayed an initial transient rectification of the electronic potential lasting for up to hundreds of milliseconds. This delay in excitation was followed by oscillations or graded spikes that finally gave way to sharply rising spikes. Previous voltage-clamp studies of DLMs have revealed an inward @entity141 current and at least three K+ currents: IA and IK, which are voltage-dependent, and @entity2337 , which is @entity141 dependent. IA and @entity2337 are early inactivating currents, while IK is a slow, noninactivating current. In mature adults, selective elimination of IA either with Shaker (Sh) mutations or with @entity973 ( @entity974 ), had no effect on spike duration or on the delay in excitation. In contrast, when @entity2337 was specifically eliminated with the slowpoke (slo) mutation, there was no delay before excitation, the amplitude of the spikes was significantly increased, and the spike duration was increased by 10-fold. Similar results were obtained by reducing @entity2337 in normal muscle by intracellular injections of EGTA or by use of low @entity141 saline. Furthermore, DLM spikes evoked in slo by stimulation of the motorneuron were also broadened, suggesting that @entity2337 functions in a similar manner during normal flight as in current-clamped muscles. Elimination of IK along with IA and @entity2337 in saline containing @entity5128 or @entity8594 resulted in further prolongation of the DLM spike. In @entity8594 saline, there was an additional increase in spike amplitude as well. We conclude that in mature adults, @entity2337 , rather than IA, plays the major role in repolarization of DLM spikes and in the delay before excitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The roles of potassium currents in XXXX flight muscles.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review aetiology, clinical signs and outcome of @entity468 surgically treated for @entity298 (2000-2007). METHODS: A retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were the identification of intracellular bacteria and degenerate neutrophils and/or a positive culture from abdominal fluid and exploratory coeliotomy. Aetiology, clinical signs, haematological and biochemical parameters, surgical treatment and outcome were recorded and analysed. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity468 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. @entity490 was reported in 10 (38 per cent) and @entity391 was reported in 11 (42 per cent) of the @entity468 . The most common aetiology was @entity130 (31 per cent). The principal source of contamination was the gastrointestinal tract. Hyperlactataemia, hypoproteinaemia and hyperglycaemia were reported in 9, 13 and 14 of the 26 cases, respectively. Non-survivors had significantly higher blood @entity880 concentrations than survivors (P=0.02). Nineteen @entity468 were managed with primary closure, two with closed suction drains and three with open peritoneal drainage. Twelve (46 per cent) @entity468 survived to discharge. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In @entity468 , lethargy, @entity308 and @entity448 were more common clinical signs than @entity490 . @entity880 level at the time of diagnosis may be a useful prognostic indicator in @entity468 . The proportion of @entity468 that survived was lower than previously reported and owners should be given a guarded prognosis.

title: A retrospective study of surgically treated cases of XXXX in the cat (2000-2007).

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['septic peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['septic peritonitis']


abstract: Chondral @entity174 are associated with acute @entity12351 . @entity174 in @entity8043 is located in the medial facet of the @entity12352 . This article presents a case of a 15-year-old female ballerina with isolated displaced osteochondral @entity174 without @entity8043 . She had no history of @entity130 . A Merchant's view of both knees showed mild @entity7194 , a small fragment on the lateral aspect of the knee, and a small defect of the centromedial @entity12352 . Axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an osteochondral fragment measuring 13 mm medial to the @entity12352 . However, the medial patellofemoral ligament and medial retinaculum were intact. An effusion on the medial side of the @entity12352 consistent with @entity5631 was observed. An absence of a contusion or @entity79 on the lateral femoral condyle was shown. The loose body was removed arthroscopically. Intraoperative findings included a 1.5 2 cm osteochondral fragment. It is unusual that the osteochondral patellar defect site in this @entity1 was in the @entity6220 . Patellar chondral @entity174 without @entity3029 or @entity12352 fracture are rare. Therefore, the possibility of a trivial @entity130 leading to an @entity174 should be kept in mind in adolescent and young adults who present with knee @entity158 and @entity5631 .

title: Isolated osteochondral XXXX without @entity8043 .

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['inferior and central areas of the patella']

entities_list: @entity12351 :: ('MESH:C538081', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation of the patella']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractures of the patella', 'osteochondral fracture', 'Osteochondral fracture', 'fracture of the patella']

entities_list: @entity7194 :: ('MESH:D007906', 'Disease') :: ['subluxation of the patella']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone bruise']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar dislocation']

entities_list: @entity5631 :: ('MESH:D006395', 'Disease') :: ['hemarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture of the patella']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies in @entity235 hearts with acute @entity714 ( @entity714 ) showed that endocardial left ventricular (LV) pacing improves the efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) compared with conventional epicardial LV pacing. The present study explores the efficacy of endocardial CRT in more compromised hearts and the mechanisms of such beneficial effects. METHODS AND RESULTS: Measurements were performed in 22 @entity235 , 9 with acute @entity714 , 7 with chronic @entity714 combined with @entity1188 (embolization; @entity714 plus @entity583 , and concentric remodeling), and 6 with chronic @entity714 and @entity712 (rapid pacing, @entity714 +HF, and eccentric remodeling). A head-to-head comparison was performed of the effects of endocardial and epicardial LV pacing at 8 sites. LV activation times were measured using    100 endocardial and epicardial electrodes and noncontact mapping. Pump function was assessed from right ventricular and LV pressures. Endocardial CRT resulted in better electric resynchronization than epicardial CRT in all models, although the benefit was larger in concentrically remodeled @entity714 plus @entity583 than in eccentrically remodeled @entity714 +HF hearts (19% versus 10%). In @entity714 and @entity714 +HF animals, endocardial conduction was    50% faster than epicardial conduction; in all models, transmural impulse conduction was    25% faster when pacing from the endocardium than from the epicardium. Hemodynamic effects were congruent with electric effects. CONCLUSIONS: Endocardial CRT improves electric synchrony of activation and LV pump function compared with conventional epicardial CRT in compromised @entity235 @entity714 hearts. This benefit can be explained by a shorter path length along the endocardium and by faster circumferential and transmural impulse conduction during endocardial LV pacing.

title: Endocardial left ventricular pacing improves cardiac resynchronization therapy in chronic XXXX and @entity712 models.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block', 'LBBB']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['asynchronous infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1187 , the use of intravenous @entity2690 infusions (IVII) to control hyperglycaemia is based on limited evidence of survival benefit. AIMS: To compare 7 day survival for @entity1 receiving IVII compared with those receiving routine care to control admission hyperglycaemia (>=11 mmol/l) in @entity1187 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We used matched propensity analysis to examine observational data from the MINAP database between 2008 and 2012. We matched 5974 pairs of @entity1 . We separately examined outcomes for ST elevation (STEMI) and @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) @entity1188 , and those without known @entity6 and those with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Survival benefit from the use of IVII was seen only in @entity1 with STEMI not known to have @entity6 at admission (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.77 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.92), p=0.005). Those with STEMI and existing @entity164 2 @entity6 who received IVII showed similar outcomes to routine care (HR 0.99 (95% CI 0.80-1.23), p=0.931). In @entity1 with @entity1347 IVII was associated with significantly worse adjusted 7 day survival outcome than routine care, regardless of @entity6 status; for those without known @entity6 , HR 1.50 (95% CI 1.04-2.16), p=0.029, and for those with @entity2175 .35 (95% CI 1.08-1.70), p=0.010. CONCLUSION: As used in current clinical practice to treat hyperglycaemia in @entity1187 , IVII appears to be of benefit only for @entity1 with STEMI who are not known to have @entity6 . IVII is associated with adverse early outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1347 .

title: The effects of intravenous @entity2690 infusions on early mortality for XXXX with @entity1187 who present with hyperglycaemia: A matched propensity analysis using data from the MINAP database 2008-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes, HR 1']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['non ST segment elevation', 'NSTEMI']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Plasticity in the @entity5157 brain has been studied using the appetitive olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex, in which a @entity5157 learns the association between an odor and a @entity969 reward. In this framework, coupling behavioral measurements of proboscis extension and invasive recordings of neural activity has been difficult because proboscis movements usually introduce brain movements that affect physiological preparations. Here we took advantage of a new conditioning protocol, the aversive olfactory conditioning of the sting extension reflex, which does not generate this problem. We achieved the first simultaneous recordings of conditioned sting extension responses and @entity460 imaging of antennal lobe activity, thus revealing on-line processing of olfactory information during conditioning trials. Based on behavioral output we distinguished learners and non-learners and analyzed possible learning-dependent changes in antennal lobe activity. We did not find differences between glomerular responses to the CS+ and the CS- in learners. Unexpectedly, we found that during conditioning trials non-learners exhibited a progressive decrease in physiological responses to odors, irrespective of their valence. This effect could neither be attributed to a fitness problem nor to abnormal dye bleaching. We discuss the absence of learning-induced changes in the antennal lobe of learners and the decrease in @entity460 responses found in non-learners. Further studies will have to extend the search for functional plasticity related to aversive learning to other brain areas and to look on a broader range of temporal scales.

title: Searching for learning-dependent changes in the antennal lobe: simultaneous recording of neural activity and aversive olfactory learning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['honeybees']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiology of @entity1468 remains unclear. Animal modeling of @entity1468 has been useful; however, no model to date represents episodic changes in uteroplacental blood flow that may occur in @entity1468 . OBJECTIVE: To develop a gravid @entity35 model characterized by episodic reductions in uteroplacental blood flow. METHOD: Pregnant @entity35 were used and subjected to SHAM, reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP), or @entity432 on gestational Day 14. @entity432 surgery consisted of implantation of a silastic vascular occluder around the abdominal aorta and @entity575 clips around the uterine-ovarian arteries. @entity432 animals were subjected to five consecutive days of occlusion (40% reduction) each session lasting 1 h. On Day 21, maternal mean arterial pressure (MAP) and fetal morphology were assessed. For isolated blood vessels, resistance-sized mesenteric arteries were harvested and mounted on a pressure arteriograph. RESULT: Occluder animals experienced a 10 mmHg rise in MAP as compared to SHAM (p < 0.05), and RUPP MAP was significantly increased as compared to control subjects (p < 0.05). Pups from Occluder animals exhibited a decrease in fetal weight as compared to SHAM (p < 0.05), but an increase in fetal weight as compared to RUPP (p < 0.05). Myogenic reactivity of second-order mesenteric arteries increased in Occluder animals as compared to SHAM (p < 0.05), but were similar to that of RUPP. CONCLUSION: Episodic reductions in uteroplacental blood flow play a crucial role in the altered vascular reactivity seen in Occluder animals and may represent a new model to investigate the mechanisms associated with episodic reductions in uteroplacental blood flow in pathological pregnancies.

title: Hypertension induced by episodic reductions in uteroplacental blood flow in gravid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic occlusion', 'aortic occlusion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The object of the study was to determine the incidence rate of @entity7135 in travelers originating in industrialized countries and visiting developing countries. Subjects were intercontinental travelers with @entity7135 acquired from 1986 to 1989. Health authorities in 108 countries were contacted; data obtained by postal survey were analyzed. The 56 replying health authorities reported 13 cases of @entity7135 in tourist or business @entity1 as well as 40 primary and 26 secondary cases in pilgrims in Mecca. The majority of cases were due to serogroup A. The case fatality rate in both groups of @entity1 slightly exceeded 20%. Among the tourists and business @entity1 , several @entity1 had stayed in hotels; in several the onset of symptoms occurred during the flight home. The incidence rate per month of stay was estimated to be 0.4 per million travelers in this group, but 2000 per million in pilgrims to Mecca. Vaccination of pilgrims to Mecca is highly recommended, presently even compulsory. For the usual traveler to endemic countries, the risk of @entity281 abroad seems not to exceed the one at home, thus vaccination may be limited to high-risk groups, such as trekkers.

title: XXXX in Travelers: Vaccination Recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal diseases', 'meningococcal disease']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['Meningococcal Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intracranial @entity511 are rare @entity5 , accounting for approximately one in 1000 @entity1313 . Although more common in the axial or appendicular skeleton, @entity5 present a challenging surgical and oncological problem. @entity511 have a predilection for the skull base and although commonly slow growing, @entity75 do occur. We present two illustrative @entity1 from the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia, demonstrating dramatically differing presentation and clinical outcome and the diagnostic difficulties that may arise. A review of the literature regarding skull base @entity511 is presented. We summarise the clinical, radiological and histological features. The evidence for surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is presented and critically evaluated. Based on the available evidence, we advocate maximal safe resection, followed by radiotherapy for @entity5 . There is no current role for chemotherapy. Radical excision should not be attempted at the expense of neurological function.

title: Skull base XXXX .

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'Chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Grade II and III tumours', 'tumours', 'intracranial tumours']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Grade II and III lesions']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma']


abstract: The regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy is one of the few physiologic models of cellular proliferation in the adult animal. During hepatic regeneration, the animal is able to maintain metabolic homeostasis despite the acute loss of two thirds of hepatic tissue. In examining the molecular mechanisms regulating hepatic regeneration, we isolated novel immediate-early genes that are rapidly induced as the remnant liver undergoes the transition from its normal quiescent state into the G1 phase of the cell cycle. One of the most rapidly and highly induced genes which we initially termed @entity17726 , encodes @entity35 @entity413 -6-phosphatase ( @entity19615 ). @entity19615 mRNA peaks at 30 min and 36-48 h after hepatectomy correlating with the first and second rounds of cell division. This finding is compatible with studies that showed that @entity19615 enzyme activity increases during liver regeneration. However, the increase in @entity19615 mRNA is much more dramatic, indicating that it is a more sensitive indicator of this regulation. @entity19615 gene expression peaks in the perinatal time period in the liver and remains elevated during the first month of life. The expression of the @entity19615 gene is also dramatically elevated in BB @entity6 @entity35 , again higher than the enzyme elevation, and its relative induction after partial hepatectomy is blunted in these animals. Insulin treatment of partially hepatectomized @entity6 animals downregulates the expression of @entity19615 mRNA. Using specific antibodies against @entity19615 , we detect a 36-kD @entity19615 protein, and its level is elevated in regenerating and @entity6 livers. The pattern of @entity19615 mRNA expression appears to reflect similar changes in insulin and glucagon levels which accompany @entity6 and hepatic proliferation. The elevation of @entity19615 expression in these conditions is indicative of its importance as a regulator of @entity413 homeostasis in normal and abnormal physiologic states.

title: High levels of XXXX -6-phosphatase gene and protein expression reflect an adaptive response in proliferating liver and @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: 1. Although @entity64 is a frequent cause of @entity204 in both @entity1 and animals as a result of climatic or exercise-imposed stress, underlying mechanisms are understood poorly. In order to develop more effective strategies for prevention and treatment of this cause of @entity204 and suffering, controlled experiments were conducted on a small number of @entity742 to examine cardiovascular involvement in the thermoregulatory failure of @entity64 . 2. @entity742 were studied in a hot environment at rest and then during exercise until collapse. 3. With exercise, mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased slightly, cardiac output (CO) increased markedly and total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreased slightly. As collapse was imminent, MAP increased but CO and TPR did not change significantly. On collapse, MAP and TPR increased markedly and CO decreased markedly. 4. Radioactive microsphere measurements demonstrated during exercise a redistribution of @entity450 ( @entity450 ) away from abdominal viscera and torso skin, to muscles involved in exercise, respiratory muscles, myocardium, fat, limb skin and nasobuccal tissues. With progressively increasing heat stress and exercise, @entity450 increased in exercise muscles and decreased in limb skin and fat. As collapse was imminent, there were sharp increases in @entity450 in exercise muscles, brain and spinal cord. On collapse, @entity450 decreased markedly in exercise and respiratory muscles and fat. 5. It is concluded that collapse and ultimately @entity64 are not due primarily to @entity65 ' but, rather, to consequences of high body temperatures resulting from thermoregulatory failure attributable to demands for blood pressure regulation dominating requirements for body temperature regulation.

title: Circulatory changes associated with XXXX : observations in an experimental animal model.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['heat stroke']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['blood flow', 'BF']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ["cardiovascular 'failure"]

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['heat stroke']


abstract: This chapter focuses on the parvicellular vasopressin (VP) system originating from the medial nucleus of the amygdala (MeA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). The vasopressinergic fibers of these nuclei innervate a number of limbic brain areas including the septum-hippocampal complex. Interestingly, this VP system is sexually dimorphic and the VP synthesis in this system depends on circulating gonadal @entity230 . Studies in @entity35 and @entity19 show that the variation in the lateral septal VP network within the male gender is as large as the variation between the sexes as reported in the literature. Non-aggressive males are characterized by a far more extensive VP network and a higher VP content in the lateral septal area than aggressive males. A review of the literature on the function of lateral septal VP in the organization of behavior reveals not only a modulatory role of behavior in a social context, but also of fear- and @entity146 . It is argued that these seemingly diverse functions might be explained by the concept of coping style. Extensive behavioral and physiological analyses in a variety of animal species show that males may be characterized by the way in which they cope with environmental challenges in general. @entity146 males tend to cope actively with their environment whereas non-aggressive males seem to accept the situation as it is more easily. In several tests, we determined the effects of chronic infusion of the V1 receptor antagonist locally into the lateral septal area in male @entity35 . The main conclusion from these experiments is that LS VP does not modulate coping style in general. However, the experiments confirm the idea that LS VP has a certain degree of functional specificity in social behavior and social learning tasks. Together with the observation that the size and distribution of the vasopressinergic system may be highly variable between individual males in relation to their coping style, this suggests that the lateral septal vasopressinergic system is involved in the differential capacity of individuals to @entity146 with challenges of a social nature.

title: Coping with stress in @entity35 and XXXX : differential peptidergic modulation of the amygdala-lateral septum complex.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['cope behaviorally', 'anxiety-related behaviors', 'Aggressive']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity1 placentation is a highly regulated process and is dependent on the proper development of specific trophoblast cell lineages. The two major types of trophoblast, villous and extravillous, show @entity1167 during differentiation. In @entity19 , the transcription factor, @entity2429 ( @entity2429 ), blocks mitosis and is required for syncytiotrophoblast formation and morphogenesis of the labyrinth, the @entity19 equivalent of the villous placenta. The @entity1 homolog @entity2430 has an analogous expression pattern, but its function is presently unknown. We studied @entity2430 function in the @entity1 -derived BeWo @entity1466 cell line and in first trimester @entity1 placental villous and extravillous explants. The @entity2430 expression was either inhibited by siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides methods or upregulated by @entity1928 treatment. Inhibition of @entity2430 resulted in an increased rate of proliferation, but prevented de novo syncytiotrophoblast formation in syncytially denuded floating villous explants. @entity2430 inhibition prevented extravillous differentiation along the invasive pathway in extravillous explants on matrigel. By contrast, @entity1928 -induced expression of @entity2430 reduced the rate of proliferation and increased the rate of syncytialization in the floating villous explant model. Our studies show that @entity2430 has a distinct role in the maintenance, development and turnover of the @entity1 trophoblast. Alterations in @entity2430 expression or regulation may explain several aspects of two divergent severe @entity2431 and @entity1592 , which cause extreme @entity600 .

title: XXXX transcription factor is required for the differentiation of the @entity1 trophoblast.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2431 :: ('MESH:D010927', 'Disease') :: ['placental insufficiency syndromes, namely preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic arrest']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity2429 :: (14531(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Glial cell missing-1']


abstract: In the @entity11468 , @entity11468 , electrographic and behavioural correlates of sleep and wakefulness have been determined under natural lighting conditions. @entity25 ( @entity25 ) was characterized by high amplitude slow EEG activity, low neck EMG, and behavioural inactivity. Paradoxical sleep (PS) was characterized by low amplitude fast EEG activity and inconsistent decrease in EMG. PS episodes always commenced with head downward. Several @entity1319 occurred activity were present. The @entity11468 spent in sleep 31.8% of the 24-h period. PS however, @entity1319 , high tonic neck EMG activity, and behavioural activity were present. The @entity11468 spent in sleep 31.8% of the 24-h period. PS constituted 1.8% of total sleep, while the rest of total sleep was occupied by @entity25 . On the average, episodes of @entity25 and PS lasted 10.8 min and 24 s respectively. The daily percentage of @entity25 was highly correlated with the mean episode duration. PS amount was better correlated with the number of episodes than with their mean duration. Our data suggest that over-short period of recovery from surgery and adaptation with implanted electrodes could lead to underestimation of sleep duration in @entity11468 .

title: Sleep pattern in the @entity11468 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11468 :: ('75140', 'Species') :: ['rook', 'Corvus frugilegus']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['SWS', 'Slow wave sleep']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['eye movements']

answer: @entity11468 :: (75140,Species) :: ['Corvus frugilegus']


abstract: Purpose : To assess the technical and midterm results in the treatment of @entity1070 comparing nonselective (nTCE) vs. selective (sTCE) transcaval embolization. Methods : During a 4-year period, 26 @entity1 (18 @entity1 ; median age 73 years, range 68-78) underwent direct transcaval @entity439 puncture followed by embolization of the sac (nTCE, n=9) or of the feeding vessels (sTCE, n=17). Intrasac pressure was recorded immediately after @entity439 sac puncture and at the end of the procedure. Technical success was defined as successful deployment of embolization material in the sac or in the feeding vessel. Clinical success was defined as absence of endoleak with stabilization of the sac on follow-up CTA. Results : Technical success was 100% in the 9 @entity1 treated with nTCE. Mean intrasac pressures before and after nTCE were 58.6  18.4 (range 51-105) and 6.5  1.2 mmHg (range 4-9), respectively. Over a mean 25.9  11.0 months of follow-up, 4 @entity1 developed recurrent endoleak at a mean 9.7  3.9 months. Three @entity1 were subsequently treated with sTCE, while the last @entity1 underwent emergency surgery for @entity1756 due to an enlarging sac 5 months after nTCE. The 20 @entity1 in the sTCE group had a successful procedure with no recurrence in a follow-up of 24.1  7.2 months. Mean intrasac pressure was reduced after sTCE from 63.6  15.2 mmHg (range 43-120) to 7.8  2.3 mmHg (range 5-12). Conclusion : The selective TCE approach appears to be a feasible and effective primary therapeutic option for treating @entity1070 .

title: Treatment of XXXX After @entity439 Repair: The Role of Selective vs. Nonselective Transcaval Embolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type II endoleak', 'type II endoleaks']

answer: @entity1070 :: (MESH:D057867,Disease) :: ['Type II Endoleak']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: For nearly 20 years, the putative prognostic value of @entity876 immunohistochemistry in @entity150 has been controversially discussed, and key questions are still unanswered. The aim of this article was to elucidate the different findings using the new concept of a combined analysis of raw data from previously published material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six of 38 study centers approached contributed @entity1 data sets according to the protocol requirements; 3,421 @entity1 with @entity150 from 25 centers are included in the further analysis. The entire study group (mean age: 66.5 years) comprised 2,697 males (78.8 %) and 719 females. For 2,298 @entity1 (68%) with non-muscle-invasive @entity5 Ta (1314), TIS (37), and T1 (947) (38.9, 1.1, and 28%, respectively) a median survival time of 130 months was calculated. The remaining 1,082 @entity1 (32%) had advanced @entity5 (>T2) and a median survival time of 26 months. Of the 1,241 @entity1 who have died, 744 @entity1 died from @entity150 and another 497 @entity1 from intercurrent disease. RESULTS: With regard to gender, age, and @entity5 stage, the @entity1 included reflected a normal @entity150 population. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant correlation between @entity876 positivity vs. @entity5 grade and @entity5 stage. Uni- and multivariate analyses showed that @entity876 positivity was significantly correlated with @entity5 progression (as defined by the different centers) in T1 disease (P < 0.001) as well as in advanced @entity150 (P < 0.001), but not in Ta @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity876 immunohistochemistry appears to be predictive in high grade @entity150 , however, the magnitude of this association varies among @entity5 stages. The results of this trial demonstrate the relevance of sufficient study size, provide a basis to define suitable @entity1 populations, and allow an estimation of an adequate size of study cohorts for prospective trials. It also demonstrates the importance of common recommendations for evaluation and reporting of marker studies. Furthermore, this initiative demonstrates the strong will of a large number of investigators to contribute to combined efforts in order to establish pathways for standardization of marker development and clinical use.

title: XXXX immunohistochemistry in @entity150 --a new approach to an old question.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity6378 is a rare but serious complication in @entity1 undergoing @entity298 ( @entity298 ). We aimed to analyze the predisposing factors, clinical aspects, etiological agents, and treatment of @entity6378 in @entity1 with @entity298 in our hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: The data of all @entity1 with @entity298 , who were followed-up between January 1995 and December 2009, were evaluated retrospectively. Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity6378 were included into the study. RESULTS: Mean age was 46      13. Twelve of the 21 @entity1 were females. Median @entity298 duration was 48 (range 9 to 95) months. Candida species were the most common pathogens isolated from peritoneal effluent fluid (n: 16): @entity5132 (14), Candida rugosa (n: 1), and @entity7408 (n: 1). The other involved fungi were Aspergillus species (n: 1), @entity375 species (n: 1), Acromonium species (n: 1), Fusarium species (n: 1), and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (n: 1). The @entity298 catheter was removed in all of the @entity1 . Median time until the @entity298 catheter removal was 1 (range 0 to 10) day. Before 2005, this duration was 4 (0-10) days, whereas after 2005 it was 0 (0-2) days (P: 0.001). Therapy with @entity2379 and @entity2380 was continued after catheter removal in 19 and in 2 of the @entity1 , respectively. As a result of @entity6378 , 19 @entity1 were transferred to hemodialysis. Two @entity1 died during the episode of @entity298 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5132 was the most common pathogen. For the successful management of @entity6378 besides the antifungal therapy, peritoneal catheter removal was necessary in all of the @entity1 .

title: @entity6378 in XXXX : an analysis of 21 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['Candida glabrata']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['fungal peritonitis', 'Fungal peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: A case is reported of acute @entity1224 and @entity4 of mixed origin (cardiogenic and non cardiogenic), occurring in a @entity1 after surgical treatment for @entity2293 due to a mediastinal @entity5 . This 45 year old female @entity1 had a @entity1893 , mostly located within the anterior and middle mediastinum. When she developed @entity299 was carried out. The surgical procedure went well, despite an episode of severe @entity551 . Immediately after extubation, she developed @entity2121 breathing with retraction and cyanosis. She was reintubated and ventilated. The chest X-ray showed @entity2617 , mostly around the hilar. Two hours later, she was again extubated and developed again the same @entity1576 . This time, she was intubated and ventilated for 48 h. She was then extubated with no problem. It seemed most probable that transmission to the interstitial space of a negative intrapleural pressure due to the inspiratory efforts made against an occluded airway was the principal mechanism responsible for the accumulation of fluid to this space.

title: [Acute pulmonary edema following @entity1224 and XXXX related to @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial tamponade']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral alveolar infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade, emergency cardiac decompression']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity2293 :: (MESH:D002305,Disease) :: ['cardiac tamponade']


abstract: One hundred sixty-five cases of @entity2444 were observed during a 15-year period. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 9.89 years for @entity1 and 8.71 years for @entity1 . The overall male:female ratio was 2.58:1, with profound regional differences. Bilateral involvement was seen in ten @entity1 , and the right hip was more frequently affected in unilateral cases (R:L, 92:63). @entity85 were noted in 14 @entity1 . Profound restriction of hip movement was present in seven cases, and in three there was no movement at all. Seventy percent of the cases fell into Catterall's Group 3 or 4 and 20% could not be classified into any of the groups. Sixty percent of the @entity1 presented during the initial stage of the disease. One group of these @entity1 had features resembling @entity378 , with @entity85 , gross restriction of movement, and @entity170 around the acetabulum. Their symptoms resolved without antitubercular treatment and their late radiologic features were those of healed @entity2444 . Treatment planning was problematic because of the advanced age at onset, large proportion of @entity1 , frequency of extensive involvement of the epiphysis, and socioeconomic factors.

title: XXXX in South India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2444 :: ('MESH:D007873', 'Disease') :: ["Perthes' disease"]

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['fixed deformities', 'Fixed deformities']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity2444 :: (MESH:D007873,Disease) :: ['Perthes' disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1489 is a serious problem in renal transplant recipients. In some @entity1 numerous @entity1489 develop on the back of the hand. Instead of repeated excisions, a more radical procedure may be necessary. For these @entity1 a new surgical therapy is available: resurfacing the back of the hand. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to clinically evaluate this new procedure. METHODS: Eleven kidney transplant recipients who underwent resurfacing of the back of the hand were analyzed in a retrospective follow-up study. With this surgical procedure the skin of the entire dorsum of the hand is excised and split-skin grafts harvested from thigh and buttock skin are then placed. Information was gathered from the medical records and questionnaires, and by physical examination. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 4.7 years. No recurrences of @entity1489 were observed in the transplanted skin. The cosmetic appearance was acceptable, and there were few side effects. CONCLUSION: Resurfacing the back of the hand can be a successful treatment for carefully selected @entity1 with @entity1489 on the back of the hand and can be used prophylactically in @entity1 with severely actinically damaged skin.

title: Resurfacing the back of the hand as treatment and prevention of XXXX in kidney transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancers', 'multiple skin cancers', 'skin cancer', 'Skin cancer']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['multiple skin cancers']


abstract: Six nocturnal microfilarial carriers (three with @entity10065 and three with @entity2757 ) from mainland China were selected to determine the earliest appearance and peak count of microfilariae (mf) administration of @entity6567 at noon. Before @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) administration, blood samples of 60 microliters were obtained by finger-prick at 2 h intervals for 24 h. A blood sample was then taken just before each carrier intaking 100 mg, 150 mg or 200 mg of @entity6567 orally at noon. After drug administration, blood samples were obtained at 45 and 60 sec and at 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90 and 120 min. Samples were then taken at 2 h intervals for the next 2 h and at 6 h intervals for the next 7 days. Both @entity10065 and @entity2757 showed typical nocturnal periodicity. One mf was first detected in the peripheral blood 45 sec in a mf. carrier. The mf peak counts were found 1-40 min after @entity6567 administration at noon. The nocturnal cycle was distributed during the first two days after @entity6567 administration. It became regular with a much lower peak count by the third day after administration. The results of the present study indicate that the provocative effect of @entity6567 on the mf is very fast; the first appearance in the peripheral blood vessels could be under 45 sec.

title: Determination of the earliest appearance and peak count of microfilariae of @entity10065 and @entity2757 after taking a single dose of XXXX at noon.

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity2757 :: ('6279', 'Species') :: ['Brugia malayi', 'B. malayi']

entities_list: @entity10065 :: ('6293', 'Species') :: ['W. bancrofti', 'Wuchereria bancrofti']

answer: @entity6566 :: (MESH:D004049,Chemical) :: ['diethylcarbamazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To evaluate the management of traumatic @entity3832 associated with @entity2849 , as this remains a challenge for urologists. @entity1 AND METHODS:     From January 2000 to February 2010, 19 @entity1 (mean (range) age 34 [25-52] years) with traumatic posterior urethral obliteration associated with @entity2849 were evaluated and treated at our centre.     All @entity1 underwent perineal excision and primary anastomotic urethroplasty using cystoscopy by the suprapubic route to insert a guidewire into the original bladder neck, allowing exposure of the normal posterior urethra.     @entity1 underwent voiding cysto-urethrography 1 month after the procedure. When symptoms of decreased force of stream were present and uroflowmetry was <15 mL/s, urethrography and urethroscopy were repeated.     Clinical outcome was considered a failure when any postoperative instrumentation was needed, including dilatation. RESULTS:     The mean (range) follow-up was 12 (9-14) months. The overall success rate was 84%.     Three @entity1 (16%) with persistent voiding difficulty developed a short anastomotic stricture 1-3 months after surgery.     The mean maximum urinary flow rate after surgery was 20.01 mL/s and no @entity1 had @entity322 . CONCLUSION:     The preoperative use of flexible cystoscopy via the suprapubic route represented a successful key point of urethroplasty for @entity3832 associated with @entity2849 .

title: Transperineal bulbo-prostatic anastomosis for XXXX associated with @entity2849 : a single-centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral stricture']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['false passage']

answer: @entity3832 :: (MESH:D014525,Disease) :: ['posterior urethral stricture']


abstract: The lysosome is the disposal and recycling center of eukaryotic cells. The pancreas is an exocrine and endocrine organ. It contains different cell types secreting enzymes, hormones, ions and fluid. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the manifestation of the disease in individual cells depends on the expression of the defected gene within the function of the cells. We have thus compared the ultrastructural features of normal pancreas to pancreas affected by eleven different @entity2315 in @entity1 , @entity468 , @entity235 and @entity19 . The diseases studied include GM1- and @entity10707 , @entity17830 , @entity8351 , @entity12751 ( @entity12751 ), @entity22608 ( @entity22608 ), @entity18644 ( @entity18644 ), @entity4085 ( @entity4085 ), @entity1687 , @entity12030 , and an undefined glycolipid storage disease. We demonstrated that morphological changes are seen in some pancreatic cell types but not in others, even though the genetic defect occurs in all cell types. Furthermore, we identified and characterized primary and secondary changes in affected cells. The primary changes include presence of numerous and/or enlarged secondary lysosomes laden with partially degraded substrates. The secondary changes were associated with an abnormal formation and maturation of zymogen or secretory granules. The mechanisms contributing to the secondary changes are thought to be associated with altered synthesis of various constituents of these granules.

title: The effect of XXXX on secretory cells: an ultrastructural study of pancreas as an example.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage diseases']

entities_list: @entity22608 :: ('MESH:D009087', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis-VI', 'MPS-VI']

entities_list: @entity10707 :: ('MESH:D020143', 'Disease') :: ['GM2- gangliosidosis']

entities_list: @entity1687 :: ('MESH:D052556', 'Disease') :: ['Niemann-Pick C']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['mucolipidosis-IV', 'ML-IV']

entities_list: @entity18644 :: ('MESH:D016538', 'Disease') :: ['MPS-VII', 'mucopolysaccharidosis-VII']

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis']

entities_list: @entity17830 :: ('MESH:C536411', 'Disease') :: ['galactosialidosis']

entities_list: @entity12751 :: ('MESH:D008059', 'Disease') :: ['MPS-I', 'mucopolysaccharidosis-I']

entities_list: @entity8351 :: ('MESH:D008363', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-mannosidosis']

answer: @entity2315 :: (MESH:D016464,Disease) :: ['lysosomal storage diseases']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Diffusion tensor imaging can depict rarefaction of the optical fibers. Manual segmentation is time consuming. The purposes of the study were (1) to present a new semiquantitative segmentation approach for analyzing 3-T diffusion tensor imaging of optical fibers and (2) to clinically test the new approach by comparing optic fiber rarefaction in @entity1 with @entity726 to that in age-matched, healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To perform semiautomated and quantitative segmentation of the optical radiation, a Mathcad-based software program was developed. The results were compared to the manual evaluation of the images performed by two experienced neuroradiologists. The eyes of 42 subjects (22 @entity1 with @entity726 and 20 controls) aged 37 to 86 years were assessed in full ophthalmologic examinations. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed using a 3-T high-field scanner. RESULTS: The evaluation using the new approach matched 94% with manually acquired rarefaction of the optical radiation; Cronbach's a was >0.81 for calculation of the manually and semiautomatically derived volumes. CONCLUSION: The new approach seems to be robust and is clearly faster compared to the more tedious manual segmentation. Using diffusion tensor imaging at 3 T, it could be shown that there was increasing atrophy of the optical radiation (fourth neuron) with increasing age in @entity1 with @entity726 . Compared to age-matched, healthy @entity1 , more pronounced atrophy of the fourth neuron was found in @entity1 with @entity726 .

title: A new semi-quantitative approach for analysing 3T diffusion tensor imaging of optic fibres and its clinical evaluation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Through collaboration of surgeons, pathologists and bioengineers at five centers in Canada and France, this study analyzed the late pathology and structural changes in 73 expanded PTFE arterial prostheses harvested from @entity1 at autopsies and reoperations. The degree of tissue encapsulation increased with the duration of implantation but was reduced by the presence of @entity281 . In several cases, the fibrous tissue penetrated the wall of the prosthesis and partitioned off the thin outer layer, thus disrupting the delicate microporous structure of the wall. The presence of @entity439 was observed in models that had no external reinforcing layer and among grafts that apparently suffered from surgical @entity130 . Wrinkling of grafts was noted at areas of flexion and was often associated with thickening of the external capsule and reduced luminal diameters. Endothelialization was found within only a few millimeters of the anastomoses. The luminal surfaces were generally not well healed. The PTFE structure was usually readily visible under a thin covering of loosely adhering @entity715 . Bacteria were observed in 46% of the cases, even though only 29% were considered clinically infected. The incidence of lipid or @entity165 deposits was high. Avoiding iatrogenic @entity130 to the external wall of the prosthesis during implantation is important. Those features where design improvements are required to provide longer term structural integrity and dimensional stability in future models of expanded PTFE prostheses should be identified.

title: Expanded PTFE prostheses as arterial substitutes in XXXX : late pathological findings in 73 excised grafts.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic deposits']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Sera from 144 healthy blood donors were screened for the presence of antibody against the @entity150 cell line RT4 by means of an immune adherence assay. Only one serum (9241) demonstrated high activity with a titer of 1/124. Qualitative and quantitative absorption analyses were carried out with a wide variety of cells to characterize the specificity of the reaction. Cells used for absorption were both cultured and non-cultured and normal and malignant. The reactivity was absorbed by the @entity150 cell lines RT4 and 5637 and the @entity2 cell line SK-LC-LL. In addition, surgically obtained urothelium from a @entity1 with @entity1606 abrogated reactivity. No other absorbing cells removed the reactivity of serum 9241 for RT4. The antigen defined by this serologic reaction is heat-stable and trypsin-resistant, as demonstrated by using heated or trypsinized RT4 cells for absorption. This study shows that naturally occurring antibody directed toward cell surface antigens of @entity5 cells is present in some normal individuals. This finding is important in the evaluation of a possible causal relationship between the presence of antibody specific for @entity5 cell antigens and the development of @entity5 .

title: Natural antibody to a @entity1 XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate long-term results of autologous serum treatment for recurrent @entity2687 . METHODS: In this prospective single-centre study, 33 eyes of 33 @entity1 (21 male and 12 female) were treated with autologous serum eye drops for recurrent @entity2687 . Mean age of the @entity1 was 49.3    9.8 standard deviation (range 24-73) years. All subjects had failed to respond to other treatments. Autologous serum drops were administered for a 6-month period: six times daily for the first 3 months and four times daily for the remaining 3 months. Detailed informed consent was obtained from the entire @entity1 group before the study. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 30    6.3 standard deviation (range 12-48) months. None of the @entity1 experienced a recurrence while under treatment. Twenty-eight @entity1 (85%) had @entity2681 with no relapses of the disease over the whole follow-up period. Five @entity1 (15%) presented a single recurrence 3-12 months after the end of the treatment. No sight-threatening complications were reported over the follow up. There was no statistically significant difference in the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity values (t(stat) = 2.1, F = 0.096, degree of freedom = 40,166, P < 0.41) or in the intraocular pressure measurements (P < 0.38) between the pre- and post-treatment @entity1 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous serum drops proved to be a safe and efficient treatment modality for @entity1 with recurrent @entity2687 as observed through a long-term follow up.

title: Long-term follow up of autologous serum treatment for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['complete healing of erosions']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal erosions', 'corneal erosion syndrome']

answer: @entity2687 :: (MESH:D003316,Disease) :: ['corneal erosions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between serum @entity412 levels and @entity5 risk. METHODS: The @entity209 and @entity5 project (Me-Can) includes cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden; the current study included data on 257,585 @entity1 and 256,512 @entity1 . The mean age at study entry was 43.8 years for @entity1 and 44.2 years for @entity1 . The mean follow-up time was 13.4 years (SD = 8.5) for @entity1 and 11.9 years (SD = 7.2) for @entity1 . Excluding the first year of follow-up, 23,060 @entity1 and 15,686 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5 . Cox regression models were used to calculate relative risk (RR) of @entity5 for @entity412 levels in quintiles and as a continuous variable. RRs were corrected for random error by use of regression dilution ratio. RESULTS: Relative risk for top quintile versus bottom quintile of @entity1674 of overall @entity5 was 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.06-1.26) in @entity1 and 1.15 (1.05-1.27) in @entity1 . For specific @entity5 , significant increases for top quintile versus bottom quintile of @entity1674 among @entity1 were found for @entity5 of the colon, respiratory tract, the kidney, @entity320 and thyroid and among @entity1 , for respiratory, cervical, and @entity1489 . CONCLUSION: Data from our study provided evidence for a possible role of serum @entity1674 in @entity5 development.

title: Serum @entity1674 and @entity5 risk in the @entity209 and XXXX (Me-Can) collaborative study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Importance: The burden and determinants of complications and comorbidities in contemporary youth-onset @entity6 are unknown. Objective: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for complications related to @entity164 1 @entity6 vs @entity164 2 @entity6 among teenagers and young adults who had been diagnosed with @entity6 during childhood and adolescence. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Observational study from 2002 to 2015 in 5 US locations, including 2018 @entity1 with @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 diagnosed at younger than 20 years, with single outcome measures between 2011 and 2015. Exposures: Type 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 and established risk factors (hemoglobin A1c level, body mass index, waist-height ratio, and mean arterial blood pressure). Main Outcomes and Measures: @entity2316 , @entity989 , @entity1897 , @entity65 , @entity432 , and @entity101 . Results: Of 2018 @entity1 , 1746 had @entity164 1 @entity6 (mean age, 17.9 years [SD, 4.1]; 1327 non-Hispanic white [76.0%]; 867 female @entity1 [49.7%]), and 272 had @entity164 2 (mean age, 22.1 years [SD, 3.5]; 72 non-Hispanic white [26.5%]; 181 female @entity1 [66.5%]). Mean @entity6 duration was 7.9 years (both groups). @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 vs those with @entity164 1 had higher age-adjusted prevalence of @entity2316 (19.9% vs 5.8%; absolute difference [AD], 14.0%; 95% CI, 9.1%-19.9%; P   <   .001), @entity989 (9.1% vs 5.6%; AD, 3.5%; 95% CI, 0.4%-7.7%; P   =   .02), @entity1897 (17.7% vs 8.5%; AD, 9.2%; 95% CI, 4.8%-14.4%; P   <   .001), @entity432 (47.4% vs 11.6%; AD, 35.9%; 95% CI, 29%-42.9%; P   <   .001), and @entity101 (21.6% vs 10.1%; AD, 11.5%; 95% CI, 6.8%-16.9%; P   <   .001), but not @entity65 (15.7% vs 14.4%; AD, 1.2%; 95% CI, -3.1% to 6.5; P   =   .62). After adjustment for established risk factors measured over time, @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 vs those with @entity164 1 had significantly higher odds of @entity2316 (odds ratio [OR], 2.58; 95% CI, 1.39-4.81; P=.003), @entity989 (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.11-4.50; P   =   .02), and @entity1897 (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.43-4.43; P   =   .001), but no significant difference in the odds of @entity432 (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.63-1.84; P   =   .80) and @entity101 (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.50-1.45; P   =   .55). Conclusions and Relevance: Among teenagers and young adults who had been diagnosed with @entity6 during childhood or adolescence, the prevalence of complications and comorbidities was higher among those with @entity164 2 @entity6 compared with @entity164 1, but frequent in both groups. These findings support early monitoring of youth with @entity6 for development of complications.

title: Association of Type 1 @entity6 2 XXXX Diagnosed During Childhood and Adolescence With Complications During Teenage Years and Young Adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic kidney disease', 'diabetic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: A sensitive and accurate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the intracellular determination of nine antiretroviral drugs in @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is proposed. PBMCs are isolated by density gradient centrifugation using Vacutainer CPT tubes and cell count is performed with a Coulter instrument. Single-step extraction of drugs from PBMCs pellets is performed with @entity2716 50% (with @entity1088 added as internal standard, I.S.) and the supernatant is injected onto a 2.1 mm x 30 mm SymmetryShield 3.5 microm-RP18 column equipped with a 2.1 x 10 mm guard column. Chromatographic separations are performed using a gradient program with a mixture of 2 mM @entity6190 containing 0.1% @entity5189 and @entity1626 with 0.1% @entity5189 . Analytes quantification is performed by electro-spray ionisation-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) detection mode. The positive mode is used for the @entity645 protease inhibitors (PIs) @entity5190 , @entity5192 , @entity485 , @entity486 , @entity5191 , @entity5195 , @entity5194 and the non- @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) @entity5198 , and the negative mode is applied for efavirenz. The calibration curves are prepared using blank PBMCs spiked with antiretroviral drugs at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 100 ng/ml of cell extracts and fitted to a quadratic regression model weighted by 1/(concentration)(2). The lower limit of quantification is less than 0.5 ng/ml. The mean extraction recovery for all PIs/NNRTIs is always above 88%. The method is precise, with mean inter-day CV% within 0.6-10.2%, and accurate (range of inter-day deviation from nominal values -7.2 to +8.3%). This analytical method can be conveniently used in clinical research for the assessment of intracellular levels of all PIs/NNRTIs commercially available at present using a simple one-step cell extraction of PBMCs followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem triple quadripole mass detection.

title: Intracellular measurements of anti-HIV drugs indinavir, XXXX , @entity485 , @entity486 , @entity5191 , @entity5195 , @entity5194 , efavirenz and @entity5198 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity5191 :: ('MESH:D019888', 'Chemical') :: ['nelfinavir']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity5194 :: ('MESH:C413408', 'Chemical') :: ['atazanavir']

entities_list: @entity5192 :: ('MESH:C095108', 'Chemical') :: ['amprenavir']

entities_list: @entity5190 :: ('MESH:D019469', 'Chemical') :: ['indinavir']

entities_list: @entity485 :: ('MESH:D019258', 'Chemical') :: ['saquinavir']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity5195 :: ('MESH:D061466', 'Chemical') :: ['lopinavir']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity5192 :: (MESH:C095108,Chemical) :: ['amprenavir']


abstract: A 76-year-old @entity1 consulted to our hospital complaining of a black @entity5 of the temporal head. The @entity5 was nodular mass measuring 1   1   0.6 cm and black. A clinical diagnosis of @entity1491 was made, and an excision with wide margins was performed. Histologically, the @entity5 was symmetrical, with horny keratinization in the center. An aggregate of atypical cells regarded as malignant cells was present in the center. No invasion was recognized. The cells were heavily pigmented. Mitotic figures, individual keratinization, and clumping cells were also recognized. Numerous dendritic melanocytes were recognized in the @entity5 . Immunohistochemically, strong @entity876 expression was present in all malignant cells, and the malignant cells showed a high Ki-67 labeling of 60%. They were negative for melanosome and @entity4483 protein and positive for cytokeratins. The periphery of the @entity5 showed typical features of @entity24113 . There were gradual merges between the two lesions. This case suggests that pigmented @entity1490 can arise in @entity24113 .

title: Pigmented @entity1490 arising in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesion', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity24113 :: ('MESH:D017492', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented reticulated seborrheic keratosis']

entities_list: @entity1490 :: ('MESH:D001913', 'Disease') :: ['Bowen disease']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity24113 :: (MESH:D017492,Disease) :: ['pigmented reticulated seborrheic keratosis']


abstract: We have studied the effects of urokinase (UK) on concentration changes of alpha 2 antiplasmin ( @entity7426 ) and on fibrino(geno)lysis. Medium dose (480,000 u) or large dose (960,000 u) of UK was given to each of seven normal volunteers by intravenous drip infusion within six hours, and then blood and urine analyses were carried out. Total @entity7426 , which includes free @entity7426 and @entity7426 -plasmin complex, decreased to about 50% of the original value with large dose of UK. @entity7426 -plasmin complex appeared in the plasma one hr after UK infusion and increased up to 50% of total @entity7426 at the end of UK infusion. B beta peptides, which are liberated from fibrin(ogen) at the very early stage of fibrino(geno)lysis, increased significantly with UK infusion, and was 65 times as much as the normal range at the end of UK infusion. Urinary B beta peptides increased as well as plasma B beta peptides. On the other hand, fibrin(ogen) degradation products ( @entity4568 ) measured with enzyme immunoassay (EIA) increased only slightly, and moreover, urinary @entity4568 was not detectable at any time. Plasma @entity2002 levels did not decrease and changed within the normal range in both groups. We then gave 960,000 u of UK to four @entity1 with @entity1150 and blood analyses were carried out as with normal volunteers. The most significant observation different from that of normal volunteers was shown in @entity4568 levels. Serum @entity4568 levels of four @entity1 increased significantly in comparison with normal volunteers. Urinary @entity4568 increased as significantly as plasma @entity4568 . In conclusion, the infusion of 960,000 u of UK caused only very early stage of fibrinogenolysis without advanced fibrinogenolysis in normal volunteers, but in @entity715 @entity1 , advanced fibrinolysis was observed.

title: Fibrinogenolysis and fibrinolysis in normal volunteers and @entity1 with XXXX after infusion of urokinase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: AIM: The @entity13982 and T- @entity1289 screening tools are validated methods of identifying problem drinking in a pregnant population. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the @entity13982 and T- @entity1289 screening tools in identifying problem drinking using traditional @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ). METHODS: Study @entity1 consisted of @entity1 calling the Motherisk @entity167 Helpline for information regarding their @entity167 use in pregnancy. In this cohort, concerns surrounding underreporting are not likely as @entity1 self-report their @entity167 consumption. @entity1 's self-identification, confirmed by her amount of @entity167 use, determined whether she was a problem drinker or not. The @entity13982 and T- @entity1289 tools were administered on both groups and subsequent analysis was done to determine if one tool was more effective in predicting problem drinking. RESULTS: The study consisted of 75 problem and 100 non-problem drinkers. Using traditional @entity1166 , the @entity13982 and T- @entity1289 tools both performed similarly at identifying potential at-risk @entity1 (positive predictive value = 0.54), with very high sensitivity rates (100-99% and 100-93%, respectively) but poor specificity rates (36-43% and 19-34%, respectively). Upon comparison, there was no statistical difference in the effectiveness for one test performing better than next using either @entity1166 of 2 (P = 0.66) or @entity1166 of 3 (P = 0.38). CONCLUSION: Despite the lack of difference in performance, improved specificity associated with @entity13982 suggests that it may be better suited to screen at-risk populations seeking advice from a helpline.

title: Comparing the effectiveness of @entity13982 and T- XXXX in determining problem drinkers in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participant']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: Abstract In recent years, removal of ova or ovaries before chemotherapy or radiation therapy has been investigated in young female @entity5 @entity1 to avoid the adverse effects of treatment. @entity2670 has advantages such as easy collection of ova and the possibility of spontaneous pregnancy. Although @entity1 have been born after successful orthotopic autotransplantation into the residual ovaries, some @entity1 cannot undergo this procedure such as those who need bilateral ovariectomy or pelvic radiation therapy, therefore it is still necessary to investigate suitable heterotopic autotransplantation sites. The present study was performed in primates ( @entity5434 ) with the objective of determining the optimum site for @entity2670 to enhance the clinical application of this method. The retroperitoneal iliac fossa and omentum were selected as sites for heterotopic autotransplantation. Two @entity5434 were subjected to laparotomy under anesthesia. After resection of the bilateral adnexae, the ovaries were cut into 0.5 cm cubes that were transplanted. Blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, @entity53 , and @entity1420 were monitored, and monkeys with a regular estrus cycle underwent superovulation and egg collection. In both monkeys studied, recovery of a regular estrus cycle was confirmed after heterotopic autotransplantation of ovarian tissue. MII phase ova were successfully collected from tissues transplanted into the retroperitoneal iliac fossa or omentum. Development to the early blastocyst stage was confirmed after microfertilization. We established an appropriate method of heterotopic autotransplantation using ovarian cortex into the retroperitoneal iliac fossa or omentum in primates.

title: @entity2670 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['Orthotopic autotransplantation of ovarian cortex', 'heterotopic autotransplantation of ovarian cortex']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Ninety percent of oesophageal @entity5 are locally advanced at diagnosis, and treatment yields discouraging results. High dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) permits an increment of local doses without a significant increment of @entity137 . The goal of our study is to compare different HDR-BT fractions and assess @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and cause-specific survival (CSS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 were treated for locally advanced @entity5 with chemotherapy concomitant with conformal three-dimensional radiotherapy ( @entity10911 ) from January 1994 to December 2000. Of this group, 96.2% were males, mean age 63.08 years; the most frequent location was medium third, for 50% of cases. Eighty-four percent of cases were G2-3 @entity957 . The administration consisted of 44.2 Gy with @entity10911 and 5 applications of HDR-BT of 500 cGy each. RESULTS: Actuarial @entity1349 and CSS at 5 years is 10.18% and 12.96%, a mean survival of 25.68 and 29.14 months respectively. The following factors ( @entity10911 total dose, fraction dose and total dose of HDR-BT, number of applications, active length of application, total dose of @entity10911 plus HDR-BT, and @entity6110 of HDR-BT) are evaluated to find if they have an influence on treatment response, @entity1349 and actuarial CSS. The only result that yields statistical significance, in univariant analysis, is the active length in HDR-BT, thus for a greater active length of application, a minor response is obtained and @entity1349 diminishes (p=0.05). We grouped BT fractions on @entity6110 ( @entity6110 ) into: <28, 28-33 and >33 Gy; mean survival and @entity1349 at 5 years increases with @entity6110 >or=28 Gy (p=0.016). CONCLUSION: Tumour response increases (complete and partial) when @entity6110 on HDR-BT is increased, regardless of the fraction employed. A @entity6110 higher than 28 Gy yields a significant increase of mean survival and @entity1349 at 5 years (p=0.016).

title: High dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) in locally advanced @entity5 . Clinic response and survival related to XXXX ( @entity6110 ).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity6110 :: ('MESH:D017029', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'biological equivalent dose']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['global survival', 'GS']

answer: @entity6110 :: (MESH:D017029,Disease) :: ['biological equivalent dose']


abstract: Treatment of Lauge-Hansen @entity907 (SE)4-equivalent @entity1171 is controversial. This retrospective study conducted at a level-I @entity130 center compared the clinical outcome of nonsurgical vs open management of these @entity174 . One thousand eight @entity1171 treated between 1998 and 2003 were reviewed. Forty-three @entity1 who met the criteria for a SE4-equivalent ankle @entity174 were identified. Average @entity1 age of 23 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 was 42 years (range, 18-84 years). Olerud Molander ankle scores were recorded. Medical records and radiographs of all @entity1 were reviewed. Average follow-up was 20 months.Twenty-six @entity1 were treated nonsurgically, with an average ankle score of 84    4. Seventeen @entity1 treated surgically had an average ankle score of 63    5. The difference is statistically significant (unpaired t test, P=.0035). There was no difference between open vs closed treatment in maintaining a reduction. To investigate the reason for poor results in the surgical group, we sought an association between functional ankle score and common covariables and found that age and preoperative radiographic grading were important variables for ankle score. @entity1 younger than 30 years had an average ankle score of 85, whereas those older than 50 years had an average score of 61 (P<.001). Type 1 @entity174 (medial clear space >5 mm in stress view only) had an average ankle score of 89, type 2 (medial clear space >5 mm but <10 mm) an average score of 76, and type 3 (medial clear space >10 mm or presented with @entity174 and/or syndesmosis injury) an average score of 61. Our data support that type 1 and 2 @entity174 can effectively be treated nonsurgically.

title: Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of the SE4-equivalent ankle XXXX : a retrospective functional outcome study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'fracture dislocation']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['supination-eversion']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: 1. Haemodynamic parameters and tissue blood flow rates were measured in two groups of five @entity742 infused I.V. for 24 h with either saline or 128.6 micrograms @entity19 epidermal growth factor ( @entity6354 ) kg-1 body weight. Measurements were made preinfusion and at +3, +12, +24, +27 and +48 h. We wished to assess relationships between blood flow rates and known functional changes in various organs during @entity6354 treatment, especially any relationship between skin blood flow rate and the known depilatory effects of the protein in @entity742 . 2. Cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure decreased during and after infusion in the @entity6354 -treated group relative to the control group. 3. The greatest increase in blood flow rates occurred in woolled skin (+500%) during @entity6354 infusion, a result which in itself may have been disparate with the known depilatory effects of @entity6354 . The mucosas of the alimentary tract (except abomasum) and the submaxillary and sublingual salivary glands also showed vasodilatation. 4. There were short-term increases in pituitary and adrenal gland blood flow that may have been associated with the corticotrophin-releasing factor properties of @entity6354 . Flow in the thyroids showed the greatest increase post-infusion when thyroid hormone metabolism may have been reverting to normal. Blood flow rates @entity788 . Our general conclusion was that @entity6354 had specific vasodilator effects in the skin, the thyroid, submaxillary and sublingual glands and the mucosas of most of the alimentary tract.

title: Circulatory effects of a depilatory dose of XXXX epidermal growth factor in @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['decreased in the pancreas and perirenal fat. 5']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Since 1973 several reports of pelvic @entity5850 arising in association with modern types of IUDs have appeared. Various presentations occur such as @entity3389 , @entity43 , or "frozen pelvis." @entity1695 is uncommon and its management unclear. A case is presented of @entity1695 due to pelvic @entity5850 associated with an IUD. A 34 year old @entity1 presented with a 6 month history of alternating @entity1142 and @entity294 , @entity353 , @entity2588 , and laterally, a @entity3389 . A Lippes loop had been inserted 2 years earlier. On examination, she was anemic, cachectic, pyrexial and had a frozen pelvis. There was a stricture of the midrectum but the mucosa was intact. The strings of the IUD could be felt and the cervix appeared normal. There was skin redness and induration over the right ischiorectal fossa. Intravenous urogram showed bilateral @entity3041 with hydroureter. Examination under anesthesia confirmed the midrectal stricture. Biopsies showed mild inflammatory changes only. The IUD was removed and curettings revealed an acute @entity7288 . At laparotomy, apparently normal small bowel loops were adherent to a friable mass in the pelvis, which displaced the bladder forwards. The colon and uterus appeared normal but bilateral pyosalpinges were present and were resected. Neither ovary could be identified. Despite the @entity5280 was suspected and a sigmoid colostomy fashioned in view of impending @entity3885 . Histology of the mass showed a large amount of fibrous tissue infiltrated by acute and chronic inflammatory cells and containing micro-abscesses. In 2 places only, colonies of actinomycetes surrounded by polymorphs were observed. No sulphur granules were identified. No growth was obtained on aerobic and anaerobic culture of the tissue and the pyosalpinges. Treatment with @entity11121 500 mg q.d.s. produced an @entity56 and was changed to @entity803 250 mg q.d.s. which was continued for 2 months at home. 4 months later, the rectal stricture had resolved and the colostomy was closed. 9 months after the initial presentation a urogram showed complete resolution of the left @entity3041 . There was slight residual right @entity3041 but no evidence of @entity1695 .

title: XXXX due to pelvic @entity5850 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['tubo-ovarian abscess']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['Ureteric obstruction', 'ureteric obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['tubal infection, pelvic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['rectal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity11121 :: ('MESH:D010404', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin V']

entities_list: @entity3389 :: ('MESH:D019522', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal discharge']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1695 :: (MESH:D014517,Disease) :: ['Ureteric obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this prospective study, semen parameters and hormone concentrations of @entity249 smokers were compared with @entity249 non- and ex-smokers. We also determined how many @entity1 with idiopathic @entity249 would stop smoking in an attempt to improve their fertility. METHODS: 1104 @entity1 (517 non-smokers, 109 ex-smokers and 478 smokers) with @entity249 for at least 1 year were evaluated. Evaluation included medical history, physical examination, hormone analysis and two semen analyses. Prior to the second semen analysis, smokers were urged to quit smoking. RESULTS: Smokers were significantly younger (P < 0.001), had significantly more round cells in their ejaculates (P = 0.003), and the percentage of ejaculates with > 1 x 10(6)/ml leukocytes was higher in smokers (P < 0.001). Increased free and total serum @entity251 (P < 0.001) and decreased @entity4090 levels (P < 0.001) were found in smokers. No differences were found between non-smokers and ex-smokers. Only 23.1% of the smokers versus 46% non-smokers (P < 0.001) returned for a second semen analysis, 14 of whom reduced and 15 of whom quit smoking completely. @entity251 levels were significantly lower in those who were able to stop or reduce smoking (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking does not affect conventional semen parameters, but significantly increases round cells and leukocytes. Only a few idiopathic @entity249 smokers were able to quit smoking.

title: The impact of cigarette smoking on XXXX semen parameters and hormones.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']