abstract: We previously reported that the addition of orally administered @entity15414 (YKS), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, to the standard regimen using @entity112 H1-receptor inhibitors was effective in controlling refractory chronic @entity110 , but the mechanism remained unknown. YKS has also been reported to be effective on inhibiting the development of @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 . As known, the release of various chemical mediators including @entity112 from degranulated mast cells is strongly related to the mechanism of these diseases. Thus the purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms behind the medicinal effects of YKS on mast cells using an in vitro system and @entity35 basophil @entity1778 ( @entity35 ) cells. The degree of degranulation was measured by b-hexosaminidase secretion assay and intracellular @entity460 influx assay. ELISA for cytokines ( @entity310 and @entity3646 ) was also conducted using cell culture media. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of YKS on the expression of adhesion molecules ( @entity2071 , @entity4725 , @entity4105 ) and cytokine production ( @entity687 ) in @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells using gene-transcriptional- and immunohisotoligical analysis. We found that YKS inhibited secretion of b-hexosaminidase, intracellular @entity460 increase, production of @entity310 and @entity2071 expression, and that several YKS ingredients may be the key effectors. In conclusion, YKS may suppress several mast cell functions such as degranulation and @entity460 increase that eventually inhibits the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, YKS suppresses @entity2071 expression on @entity1 microvascular endothelial cells. These findings may promote our understanding of the beneficial effects of YKS on mast cell-associated @entity56 .

title: Anti- XXXX mechanisms of Japanese herbal medicine, yokukansan on mast cells.

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity15414 :: ('MESH:C524644', 'Chemical') :: ['yokukansan']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: PURPOSE: Achieving urinary continence is a major goal in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1494 / @entity7890 , @entity3570 and other @entity5450 . Endoscopic injection of bulking materials is an evolving, minimally invasive procedure that provides an attractive alternative to open bladder surgery to increase outlet resistance. We evaluated the efficacy of bladder outlet ( @entity1494 and diverting stoma) @entity13768 injection (BOMI) to achieve continence in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the continence status of 33 @entity1 prior to and following BOMI for @entity322 . The variables evaluated as predictors of success were underlying disease, ambulatory status, voiding status, bladder capacity, type and time from previous @entity1494 reconstruction, anticholinergic treatment, injection site, amount of @entity13768 used, detrusor leak point pressure and immediate or delayed clean intermittent catheterization. Improvement was considered a 2-fold increase in the dry interval or 4 hours between bladder emptying in @entity1 on clean intermittent catheterization and a 2-fold decrease in the number of absorbent pads needed. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2002, 25 male and 8 female @entity1 4 to 19 years old (mean age 12.4 +/- 3.9) underwent 42 BOMIs for @entity322 . Mean followup was 13 +/- 9 months (range 3 to 42). @entity322 was via the urethra in 28 cases and via a diverting stoma in the remaining 5. Of the 28 @entity1 with leakage via the urethra none were cured, 12 (42%) were improved and 16 (58%) had no change in continence status. However, 3 of the 5 inpatients (60%) with leakage via a diverting stoma were cured. No perioperative complications were recorded. Injecting to a diverting stoma was the only factor found to be predictive of success. Extrusion of @entity13768 during the procedure was the only factor predictive of failure (3 of 3 cases or 100%). New onset dilatation of the collecting system was noted in 2 @entity1 and all had improved continence following injection. CONCLUSIONS: Injection to the @entity1494 did not result in any cure and had a low improvement rate of 42%. BOMI is a good therapeutic option for @entity1 with leakage from a diverting stoma. Although no perioperative complications were recorded, 2 @entity1 had new dilatation of the upper tract on ultrasound. Hence, long-term followup is warranted.

title: Efficacy of XXXX injection to the @entity1494 and leaking diverting stoma for urinary continence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spinal dysraphism']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence', 'Incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy', 'bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urological disorders']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias']

answer: @entity13768 :: (MESH:C013830,Chemical) :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']


abstract: The effect of @entity2740 on bone mineral loss in normal postmenopausal @entity1 was examined during a 3 yr placebo-controlled clinical trial. Sixty-three healthy @entity1 in their early menopause were randomized to treatment with @entity3592 5 mg/day or placebo for 2 yr, while both groups received placebo for the third year of the trial. @entity460 supplement 0.5 g/day was given throughout the 36 mo to all @entity1 . Bone mineral content (BMC) determined by 125I-photon absorptiometry of the forearms decreased 2% per year in the placebo group (p less than 0.001). In the @entity2740 group no fall in BMC was seen during the first 6 mo. whereafter BMC declined with the same @entity35 as in the placebo group. At the end of the 3 yr trial BMC averaged 94.1% in the placebo group and 95.2% in the @entity2740 group (p greater than 0.05). Despite a daily supplement of 0.5 g @entity460 , @entity2740 induced a persistent fall in the urinary @entity460 excretion of 25% (p less than 0.001), whereas the @entity460 supplement in the placebo group caused a significant increase in mean urine @entity460 of 10%-20% (p less than .001). At stop of @entity2740 medication a rebound effect caused a marked rise in urine @entity460 . One month after withdrawal of the @entity460 supplement the urinary @entity460 excretion had returned to the initial level in both groups. It is concluded that despite a sustained urine @entity460 lowering action the effect of @entity2740 upon @entity14577 is shortlived.

title: @entity2740 for the postponement of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity3592 :: ('MESH:D001539', 'Chemical') :: ['bendroflumethiazide']

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity14577 :: (MESH:D015663,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal bone loss']


abstract: The adhesion receptors known as integrins perform key functions for hematopoietic cells. The platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3 is critical in hemostasis, and the @entity8652 and @entity2263 integrins on leukocytes have many roles in cell-mediated immunity. Mutations in the @entity2263 subunit lead to integrin nonexpression and to an @entity3230 , @entity3980 . Mutations in either the alpha or beta subunit of alphaIIbbeta3 usually lead to integrin nonexpression and a bleeding tendency termed @entity1422 . Here we describe a unique @entity1 with clinical features of both @entity1422 and @entity3980 . The @entity1 has normal expression of @entity8652 , @entity2263 , and @entity1093 integrins, but all are dysfunctional. The key findings are that "inside-out" signaling pathways leading to integrin activation are defective and that this is associated with abnormal integrin clustering. The integrins themselves are intact and capable of function following extracellular stimulation. T cell motility is normal, as are the expression levels and electrophoretic characteristics of all cytoskeletal and signaling proteins tested, except @entity10185 , which has enhanced expression in the @entity1 's cells. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a dysfunction affecting three classes of integrins. We propose that it is caused by a lesion in an intracellular factor or signaling pathway essential for integrin activation in hematopoietic cells and results in lack of regulation of clustering, an essential component of integrin-mediated adhesion.

title: A novel form of integrin dysfunction involving @entity8652 , XXXX , and @entity1093 integrins.

entities_list: @entity3980 :: ('MESH:C535887', 'Disease') :: ['leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1']

entities_list: @entity1422 :: ('MESH:D013915', 'Disease') :: ['Glanzmann thrombasthenia']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency']

answer: @entity2263 :: (10242,Gene) :: ['beta2']


abstract: AIM: Eradication therapy with proton pump inhibitor, @entity4581 and @entity115 is extensively used, although it fails in a considerable number of cases. A 'rescue' therapy with a quadruple combination of @entity4546 , @entity1535 , @entity803 and @entity868 (or @entity5616 @entity1535 @entity1792 with these same antibiotics) has been recommended, but it still fails in approximately 20% of cases. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a @entity17208 -based regimen in @entity1 with two consecutive @entity1534 eradication failures. @entity1 AND METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Prospective multicenter study. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 in whom a first eradication trial with @entity4546 , @entity4581 and @entity115 and a second trial with @entity4546 , @entity1535 , @entity803 and @entity868 (three @entity1 ) or @entity5616 @entity1535 @entity1792 with these same antibiotics (11 @entity1 ) had failed were included. INTERVENTION: A third eradication regimen with @entity17208 (150 mg bid), @entity115 (1 g bid) and @entity4546 (20 mg bid) was prescribed for 14 days. All drugs were administered together after breakfast and dinner. Compliance with therapy was determined from the interrogatory and the recovery of empty envelopes of medications. OUTCOME: @entity1534 eradication was defined as a negative 13C- @entity1133 breath test 8 weeks after completing therapy. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 have been included. Mean age +/- SD was 42 +/- 11 years, 41% males, peptic ulcer (57%), functional @entity2210 (43%). All @entity1 took all the medications and completed the study protocol. Per-protocol and intention-to-treat eradication was achieved in 11/14 @entity1 (79%; 95% confidence interval = 49-95%). Adverse effects were reported in five @entity1 (36%), and included: @entity490 (three @entity1 ), @entity390 and @entity391 (one @entity1 ), and @entity5253 (one @entity1 ); no @entity1 abandoned the treatment due to adverse effects. CONCLUSION: @entity17208 -based rescue therapy constitutes an encouraging strategy after multiple previous eradication failures with key antibiotics such as @entity115 , @entity4581 , @entity868 and @entity803 .

title: 'Rescue' therapy with @entity17208 after multiple XXXX treatment failures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity17208 :: ('MESH:D017828', 'Chemical') :: ['Rifabutin', 'rifabutin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skin prick tests (SPTs) are utilized routinely in the evaluation of @entity5419 and several authors have discussed their utility. Efforts to standardize SPT reagents and procedures have been made, but the accuracies of different recording techniques have not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to compare different SPT recording methods with the outcome of oral food challenge and determine whether they offer any advantage over the criteria proposed by Bock and May (1). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 suspected of IgE-mediated symptoms to any of five common food allergens (egg, milk, peanut, soy and @entity3505 ) were skin tested by the prick technique utilizing commercial extracts. The wheal reactions were recorded by two different methods: first by measuring the largest diameter of the wheal and the diameter orthogonal to it (mean wheal diameter), and second by recording the surface area of the wheal with a hand-held scanner. Wheal sizes above the 95% confidence interval of tolerant individuals were considered positive. The results of double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges were considered the "gold standard" for diagnosis. Cut-off values were compared for positive responses in our study population (mean diameter/surface area of wheal): 4 mm/16 mm2 for egg, 5 mm/29 mm2 for milk, 6 mm/40 mm2 for peanut, 3 mm/9 mm2 for soy, and 3 mm/7 mm2 for @entity3505 . RESULTS: Significant differences in wheal sizes were seen between individuals who were @entity56 or tolerant to egg (P < 0.001), milk (P < 0.001), @entity3505 (P < 0.005), and peanut (P < 0.05). Reactivity to soy could not be predicted based on SPT results (P = n.s.). The sensitivities and the specificities of the two recording methods were similar. The predictive values were not significantly different from that of the commonly utilized method of grading SPTs (i.e. positive = mean diameter 3 mm or greater than the negative control). CONCLUSIONS: Skin prick tests are a useful procedure for evaluating clinical reactivity to egg, milk, peanut and @entity3505 , but not to soy. While the size of the SPT wheals may be interpreted utilizing mean diameter or surface area cut-offs, the predictive values of these measurement methods were no better than the commonly utilized grading method where a positive skin test was recorded as a mean wheal diameter 3 mm greater than the negative control.

title: Interpreting skin prick tests in the evaluation of XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the training effect on the N140 component of the somatosensory event related potential in @entity1 suffering from first ever @entity64 in the middle cerebral artery area and prove the influence, if any, on a component related to spatial attention. METHODS: Forty @entity1 were studied. Twenty were enrolled in a daily discrimination training task using an oddball paradigm with cutaneous electrical stimuli. The training period was 3 weeks. Twenty control @entity1 were untrained. Electroencephalographic signals were recorded from scalp electrodes during each training session. In the controls, only two recordings were made, at baseline and after 3 weeks. Disability at the time of admission and discharge were evaluated using the functional independence measure (FIM). Twenty healthy control volunteers were also studied. RESULTS: During training, event related potentials took the form of a large positive-negative complex over the period 106-160ms after the stimulus, followed by a smaller P300 component. The amplitude of the responses was smaller over the affected hemisphere (P<0.05). In the treatment group, N140 was present in 3 @entity1 from the beginning and in 16 after training. Four of the untrained control @entity1 showed a N140 at baseline, whereas it was seen in only 6 after 3 weeks (Chi-square 8.1; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity64 @entity1 , training improved the recovery of N140. That potential was prognostic of general outcome since its presence at baseline was correlated with a higher FIM score on discharge.

title: Enhancement of the somatosensory N140 component during attentional training after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKROUND: Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement is currently performed in clinical trials, however limited by the use of @entity3584 treated bioprostheses. This feasibility study was performed to evaluate delivery-related tissue distortion during implantation of a tissue engineered (TE) heart valves. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The injectable TE heart valve was mounted on a self-expanding @entity5648 stent (n=7) and delivered into the pulmonary position of seven @entity1707 , (weight 26 to 31 kg), performing a sternotomy or limited lateral thoracotomy. Prior to implantation, the injectable TE heart valve was crimped and inserted into an applicator. Positioning of the implants was guided by fluoroscopy and after carefully deployment angiographic examination was performed to evaluate the correct delivered position. Hemodynamic measurements were performed by epicardial echocardiography. Finally, the animals were sacrificed and the injectable TE heart valves were inspected by gross examination and histological examination. RESULTS: Orthotopic delivery of the injectable TE heart valves were all successful performed, expect in one were the valve migrated due to a discrepancy of pulmonary and injectable TE valve size. Angiographic evaluation (n=6) showed normal valve function, supported by epicardial echocardiography in which no increase flow velocity was measured, neither trans- nor @entity338 . Histological evaluation demonstrated absence of @entity3145 due to the delivery process. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter implantation of an injectable TE heart valve seems to be possible without tissue distortion due to the delivery system.

title: INJECTABLE TISSUE ENGINEERED PULMONARY HEART VALVE IMPLANTATION INTO THE XXXX MODEL: A FEASIBILITY STUDY.

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular regurgitation']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['PIG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanisms responsible for cardiological @entity1112 are complex and not well understood. It has been postulated that impaired endothelial function and abnormal reactivity of coronary vessels may play a role in the pathogenesis of this condition. AIM: To assess mechanical properties of peripheral arterial vessels and both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vessel reactivity in @entity1 with or without @entity731 in coronary arteries. METHODS: The study group consisted of 100 @entity1 with @entity951 and positive exercise test who underwent coronary angiography. Based on angiographic results, the @entity1 were divided into two groups: 50 @entity1 with normal coronary angiograms and 50 age- and gender-matched @entity1 with at least one significant @entity453 ( @entity453 ( @entity453 ) group). The control group consisted of 40 healthy volunteers without risk factors of @entity731 . The compliance of arterial vessels was assessed by automatic measurement of pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ). Endothelial function was examined by ultrasonographic measurement of the @entity432 following passive hyperaemia (endothelium-dependent @entity6520 ) and following @entity12118 (endothelium-independent mechanism). RESULTS: Among all three studied groups, the @entity122 values were the highest in @entity1 with @entity453 . @entity1 with @entity1112 had significantly higher @entity122 than in controls. A cut-off @entity122 value of 10.5 m/s distinguished @entity1 with @entity1112 from those with @entity453 . Endothelium-dependent arterial distensibility was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity1112 than in controls; the lowest values were observed in @entity1 with @entity453 . Among @entity1 with @entity1112 , the endothelium-dependent arterial vessel distensibility was the only parameter significantly influencing @entity122 results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity122 was significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity1112 which suggests a decreased arterial vessel compliance. These results and the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation suggest a similar pathomechanism of altered arterial reactivity in @entity1 with @entity1112 and in @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: Cardiological XXXX . Non-invasive assessment of endothelial function and arterial compliance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome X']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['vessel distension']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['typical angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery lesion', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['diameter of brachial artery']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity1112 :: (MESH:D040181,Disease) :: ['syndrome X']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1988 is a common and serious damage in @entity1252 . The aim of our study is to define the frequency and to identify the predictors of @entity1988 in @entity1 with @entity1252 . METHODS: multicenter retrospective study on all @entity1252 @entity1 followed between 2005 and 2012. We analyzed the epidemiological, clinical and biological presentation at admission and during follow-up. We have identified two groups of @entity1 : group 1 involving @entity1252 without @entity8 , group 2 : @entity1 with @entity1988 . RESULTS: We collected 105 @entity1 including 100 @entity1 , 41 (39%) with @entity1988 occurred after a period of 30  10 months of development of @entity1252 . 4 @entity1 (3%) were initially presented with @entity810 requiring hemodialysis. The pathological findings of renal biopsy is respectively: class IV, III and II in 19 @entity1 (63.3%), 4 @entity1 (13.3%), and 4 @entity1 (13.3%). Our @entity1 with @entity1988 received various treatment regimens: 38 @entity1 (92.7%) received @entity288 and combined with @entity786 in 33 (80.5%) cases. Only young age, @entity417 and antinuclear antibodies were correlated with the risk of occurrence of @entity8 . Predictors of the severity of @entity1988 were the short time of occurrence of @entity177 . CONCLUSION: @entity1988 in our series is characterized by a severity of the clinical and biological explained by the frequency of proliferative forms, hence the necessity for early and adequate management.

title: @entity1988 : frequency, histological forms and predictors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus nephritis', 'lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal and renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigates the outcomes for @entity1 up to 5 years after laparoscopic excision of @entity46 . METHODS: In this prospective observational cohort study, 254 @entity1 with @entity1118 were referred to two units specializing in minimal access surgical management of @entity46 . Of these, 216 @entity1 underwent surgical assessment and 176 were confirmed to have @entity46 . Questionnaires and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for dysmenorrhoea, @entity1834 , @entity546 and dyschesia as well as quality of life instruments; the EQ-5Dindex and EQ-5Dvas, Short-Form 12 (SF-12) and sexual activity questionnaires were completed pre-operatively. Intra-operative details of revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) stage, site of disease, associated tests, duration of surgery and complications were noted. Follow-up was performed by postal questionnaire and chart review. For @entity1 who had further surgery, rAFS stage, site of disease, other procedures and histology were all recorded. RESULTS: @entity158 scores were all significantly reduced at 2-5 years for dysmenorrhoea (median VAS baseline versus follow-up 2-5 years); 9 versus 3.3 (P < 0.0001), @entity353 (P < 0.0001). Quality of life was improved for the EQ-5Dindex (P = 0.008 and the EQ-5Qvas (P = 0.03) and for sexual function with pleasure (P = 0.001) and habit (P = 0.012) being improved and discomfort being decreased (P = 0.001). The chance of requiring further surgery as determined by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was 36%. A rAFS score of >70 was predictive of requiring further surgery (P = 0.03). Of @entity1 who had further surgery, @entity46 was found histologically in 68%. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic excision of @entity46 significantly reduces @entity158 and improves quality of life for up to 5 years. The probability of requiring further surgery is 36%. Return of @entity158 following laparoscopic excision is not always associated with clinical evidence of recurrence.

title: The effects and effectiveness of laparoscopic excision of XXXX : a prospective study with 2-5 year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['non-menstrual pelvic pain 8 versus 3 (P < 0.0001), dyspareunia 7 versus 0 (P < 0.0001) and dyschesia 7 versus 2']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['non-menstrual pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pelvic pain']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: Engineered bioimplants for cardiac repair require functional vascularization and innervation for proper integration with the surrounding myocardium. The aim of this work was to study nerve sprouting and neovascularization in an acellular pericardial-derived scaffold used as a myocardial bioimplant. To this end, 17 @entity1707 were submitted to a @entity583 followed by implantation of a decellularized @entity1 pericardial-derived scaffold. After 30 days, animals were sacrificed and hearts were analyzed with @entity1710 / @entity1711 and Masson's and Gallego's modified trichrome staining. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect nerve fibers within the cardiac bioimplant by using bIII tubulin and S100 labeling. Isolectin B4, smooth muscle actin, @entity2279 , @entity2880 factor, cardiac troponin I, and elastin antibodies were used to study scaffold vascularization. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to confirm the presence of vascular and nervous ultrastructures. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiac output (CO), @entity64 volume, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, end-diastolic wall mass, and @entity1188 size were assessed by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Newly formed nerve fibers composed of several amyelinated axons as the afferent nerve endings of the heart were identified by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, neovessel formation occurred spontaneously as small and large isolectin B4-positive blood vessels within the scaffold. In summary, this study demonstrates for the first time the neoformation of vessels and nerves in cell-free cardiac scaffolds applied over infarcted tissue. Moreover, MRI analysis showed a significant improvement in LVEF (P = 0.03) and CO (P = 0.01) and a 43 % decrease in @entity1188 size (P = 0.007).

title: Neoinnervation and neovascularization of acellular pericardial-derived scaffolds in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarcts']


abstract: The clinical studies about the electrolyte abnormality (EA) in @entity1 with @entity706 ( @entity706 ) are rarely reported. We analyzed the EA and @entity177 in 123 @entity1 with @entity706 between June. 1976 and Jan. 1989; 8 @entity1 with @entity978 , and 115 @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Before treatment, the incidence of the EA was 24.2% and @entity2741 , @entity3747 , and @entity4144 were predominant. After treatment it became to 74.7% and the number of @entity2753 and @entity1371 increased. The incidence of @entity644 and @entity177 (serum @entity1011 above 1.5 mg/dl), were 7.3% and 2.4% before treatment, and became to 26.8% and 26.8% after treatment, respectively. There was a significant difference between two groups with and without the EA before treatment as for serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (p less than 0.01), clinical stages (p less than 0.05) and the incidence of bone marrow involvement (p less than 0.01). In 34 autopsied cases, 3 cases showed massive renal involvement and about a half of cases showed various renal changes. The EA before treatment was caused by extrarenal factors, because the incidence of @entity644 and @entity177 were almost same to healthy controls. And renal factors play an important role on the E.A after treatment. Above results suggest that the EA before treatment indicates the progress of @entity706 and the EA after treatment means not only the progress of the disease but also therapy-related @entity8 .

title: [Electrolyte abnormality and XXXX in @entity706 ; clinical and pathological analysis in 123 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damages']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['ML', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal insufficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term results of percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) for primary @entity157 . METHODS: From May 1994 to May 2000, 177 @entity157 @entity1 with 265 nodules underwent PMCT with ultrasound (US) guidance. The @entity5 size varied from 1.5 to 8.7 cm (median 4.12 + 1.9 cm). Follow-up examination was carried out with colour US, CT, MRI and AFP. 184 nodules were re-biopsied during the follow up of 5 - 74 months (median 29 months). RESULTS: After PMCT, colour Doppler flow signals disappeared in 92.0% (207/225) of @entity1 . No enhancement was observed in 88.5% (138/156) by CT and 88.9% (32/36) by MRI. Re-biopsy of 184 nodules showed complete @entity39 in 92.4% (170/184). Six resected lesions showed @entity39 in 5 and subtotal @entity39 in 1. The 1- to 5-year survival rates were 90.1%, 76.9%, 68.3%, 64.2% and 57.8%, respectively. The survival rates of the well differentiated lesions were better than those of the poorly ones (P < 0.05). But there was not statistical significance between the moderately and the well differentiated ones. The new lesions development rates in 1 to 5 years were 26.1%, 37.8%, 43.5%, 48.6% and 58.9%, respectively. However, there was no severe complication. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided microwave coagulation is safe and effective for primary @entity157 . It can eliminate @entity5 less than 5 cm in diameter.

title: [Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'complete tumor necrosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: This is a retrospective study comparing @entity1 ' characteristics, antibiotic consumption and environmental contamination before the impact of a new regimen of intensified infection control measures in a general intensive care unit (ICU) at a university-affiliated tertiary-care teaching hospital. The new regimen consisted of (1) reorganization of @entity1 rooms (2) improved hygienic measures including strict hygiene barrier nursing (3) more isolated @entity1 care and (4) more restrictive use of antibiotics. The regimen was introduced after a cluster of @entity281 . All @entity1 admitted to the ICU from 1 March 1995 to 28 february 1997 were included. A study period of 12 months after reorganization of the ward was compared with the 12 months immediately before it. The antibiotic consumption, the individual @entity1 's severity of disease (APACHE score), and the extent of therapeutic interventions (TISS score) were recorded. Enterococci were typed biochemically, antibiograms were established and the relation between the isolates was investigated with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The bacteriological results and the @entity1 data suggested a hospital-acquired spread as the cause of the ICU enterococcal outbreak. After implementation of the new regimen, we observed a reduction in the rate of enterococcal bloodstream infections from 3.1 to 1.8%. The consumption of antibiotics fell from 6.11 to 4.24 defined daily doses per @entity1 . The introduction of strict hygiene and barrier nursing, more restrictive use of antibiotics, isolation of infected @entity1 , thorough cleaning and disinfection of the unit was followed by an absence of @entity281 clustering and reduction in incidence of @entity582 . We were not able to determine whether the reduction in antibiotic consumption was due to the intervention programme.

title: Clustering of XXXX in a general intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['enterococcal infections', 'enterococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['enterococcal bacteraemia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['enterococcal infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze and validate a clinical index (CI) in postmenopausal @entity1 that will help to determine the need for bone absorptiometry. METHODS: 1088 postmenopausal @entity1 were studied; age, body mass index (BMI) and time since menopause (TM) were analyzed. A score was attributed to each variable (0 points if it did not increase the risk of @entity170 or 1 point if it increased it): age < or = 48 years = 0 points, >48 years = 1 point; BMI < or = 32 = 1 point or >32 = 0 points for lumbar spine and @entity26320 ( @entity26320 ); BMI < or = 30 = 1 point or >30 = 0 points for femoral neck (FN); TM < or = 5 years = 0 points or >5 years = 1 point. In all cases, bone absorptiometry (DEXA) was done. Comparison between groups was determined by Student's t test. Regression models were used to establish possible associations between bone absorptiometry and the clinical variables studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: The most highly significant differences were observed starting from 2 points in lumbar spine and FN. The most important difference in @entity26320 was detected starting from 1 point. In L1-L4 average, a significant correlation was established between the CI and age, TM, and BMI (r = 0.707; P < .001), as well as between the CI and the T score (r = 0.302; P < .001). FN analysis showed a correlation between the CI, the TM, and BMI (r = 0.720; P < .001) and between the CI and T score (r = 0.338; P < .001). @entity26320 analysis revealed a correlation between the CI and TM, and BMI (r = 0.698; P < .001) and between the CI and T score (r = 0.324; P < .001). CONCLUSION: It is reasonable to conclude that a score of 2 points in the lumbar spine and FN, and 1 point in @entity26320 , suggests the need for bone absorptiometry.

title: XXXX in postmenopausal @entity1 (Mexico City): 2. Validation of a predictive clinical index.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity26320 :: ('MESH:D029597', 'Disease') :: ["Ward's triangle", 'WT']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several data have emphasized the importance of early diagnosis of @entity323 ( @entity323 ) and meticulous cardiovascular investigation in the type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) @entity1 . AIM: To estimate the prevalence of @entity323 and its associated determinants in a sample of male @entity1 with new or recently diagnosed T2DM. METHODS: The SUBITO-DE study is an observational, multicenter, prospective study involving 27 Italian @entity6 centers. Male @entity1 recently diagnosed with T2DM were consecutively interviewed by their attending physician at the @entity6 care centers and asked whether they had experienced a change in their sexual function or found it unsatisfactory. Those responding positively were then invited to participate in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Several hormonal and biochemical parameters were studied. RESULTS: A nonselected series of 1,503 @entity1 was interviewed, 499 of which (mean age, 58.8    8.8 years) entered the study, yielding a final enrolment rate of 33.3%. @entity323 was classified as mild in 19.4%, mild-to-moderate in 15.4%, moderate in 10.4%, and severe in 21.6% of @entity1 , respectively. In addition, @entity2754 , @entity2754 , and @entity458 ( @entity458 ) were comorbid in 28.3%, 32.9%, and 58.4%, respectively. Finally, @entity6126 , showed an estimated prevalence of almost 20%. Both organic (at least one chronic DM-associated complication) and psychological factors (severe @entity308 ) increased the risk of @entity323 . Severe @entity308 were also associated with ejaculatory problems, @entity458 , and @entity6126 . CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of @entity250 in @entity1 with recently diagnosed T2DM was detected. Early diagnosis of @entity323 could help prevent emotional and physical discomfort in @entity1 and aid in identifying reversible cardiovascular risk factors. Screening of @entity250 should become a part of routine care in the management of T2DM @entity1 .

title: XXXX at the onset of type 2 @entity6 : the interplay of @entity308 , hormonal and cardiovascular factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['hypoactive sexual desire', 'HSD']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['delayed ejaculation', 'premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['Sexual dysfunction']


abstract: We have used the @entity5434 as a model for the study of the effects of endogenous and exogenous sex @entity134 hormones on @entity731 and @entity170 . As in @entity1 beings, premenopausal female cynomolgus macaques develop much less extensive @entity453 than their male counterparts. Furthermore, @entity7793 results in a more atherogenic plasma lipoprotein pattern and an approximate doubling of @entity731 extent. Frequent pregnancy, a hyperoestrogenic state, results in an approximate 50% reduction in @entity731 extent. Physiological replacement with @entity53 alone or in combination with @entity1420 prevents the increase in @entity453 extent associated with ovariectomy. This effect is independent of plasma lipoprotein concentrations and appears to be accounted for, at least in part, by an inhibitory effect of @entity2931 replacement therapy on the uptake and degradation of LDL by the artery wall. Also, as in @entity1 beings, treatment with certain types of combination oral contraceptives results in marked decreases in plasma HDL-C concentration. Nonetheless, @entity453 extent is reduced in monkeys by oral contraceptive treatment, and this effect is most pronounced among animals at highest risk due to theoretically adverse plasma lipoprotein profiles. It appears that, as with @entity2931 replacement therapy, this effect can be accounted for, at least in part, by an inhibition of the uptake and degradation of low density lipoprotein by the artery wall. The monkey also appears to be a good model for studies of @entity14577 . As in @entity1 , @entity7793 results in significant diminution of bone mineral density and bone mineral content. Also, serum biomarkers of bone turnover (total alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase and osteocalcin) are increased in surgically postmenopausal monkeys, indicating @entity79 resulting from the @entity7793 . These @entity79 and @entity79 were prevented by physiological @entity2931 replacement therapy. @entity5434 seem to be exceptionally useful models for studies of the effects of sex @entity134 hormones on @entity731 and @entity170 , two major public health problems in postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Effects of XXXX and progestogens on @entity453 and @entity170 of monkeys.

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bone loss']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus macaque', 'Cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['surgical menopause']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['increases in bone loss', 'indices of bone turnover', 'increased bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogens']


abstract: @entity35 were given free access to a running wheel, food, water, and a solution composed of branched-chain @entity1522 plus @entity1160 and @entity369 (the " @entity2595 -based" solution). A positive relationship between dark-period running distance and preference for the @entity2595 -based solution was observed. @entity750 release in the @entity2339 , the central nucleus of amygdala and the medial nucleus raphe in overnight fluid-deprived @entity35 during their first subsequent free drinking was also measured. A lowered @entity750 release in the @entity2339 characterized the @entity35 that consumed the @entity2595 -based solution. No drink-related changes were observed in the amygdala. A separate group of @entity35 was trained on a treadmill. Following the training period, plasma @entity1522 and brain @entity750 release were measured during running. The @entity2595 -based solution infused before running elevated the branched chain @entity1522 / @entity2340 plasma ratio at the end of, and after, running. Additionally, a decreased @entity2339 @entity750 release was seen 80 min after running, when compared with water-infused @entity35 . No fluid-related changes in the amygdala were observed. The exercise-related shift in the fluid preference towards a @entity2595 -based solution suggests an ergogenic benefit. The forced-running study shows the @entity2339 as a critical region in the effects of a @entity2595 -based solution.

title: Preference for a solution of branched-chain @entity1522 plus @entity1160 and XXXX correlates with free running activity in @entity35 : involvement of serotonergic-dependent processes of @entity2339 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['lateral hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Since 1992, the recommendation on the ingestion of @entity1501 (FA) to prevent @entity154 has become general in developed countries. In this paper, we analyze such a situation in Spain in most recent years. @entity1 AND METHOD: We used the information concerning mothers of @entity1 selected as controls in the ECEMC database. These mothers make up a sample of pregnant @entity1 of the general population. We analyzed the evolution of the consumption of @entity59992 ( @entity59992 ) by pregnant @entity1 over the last 22 years, considering the period of pregnancy during which this vitamin was taken and the dosage. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 who take FA/ @entity59992 during the first trimester of pregnancy increased dramatically in the last 9 years, up to 80% in 2002. However, only about 9% took the vitamin before becoming pregnant. Moreover, many daily doses are much higher than those internationally recommended for the general population of @entity1 planning pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: In our country, the use of FA/ @entity59992 to prevent @entity154 is correct in a small part of the population of pregnant @entity1 . Therefore, it is necessary to continue disseminating appropriate guidelines not only among gynecologists but also among family and general practitioners and health professionals working at family planning centers. Thus, they can transmit to @entity1 the need of using FA/ @entity59992 and the right way to do it.

title: [Analysis of the Spanish situation regarding XXXX /calcic folinate consumption for birth defects prevention].

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity59992 :: ('MESH:D005494', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'FA/calcic folinate']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic acid']


abstract: Although @entity11532 is a relatively common disorder, there exists only limited information regarding the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for this illness. This study examines which medications may be effective, dose and duration of medication trials needed to achieve response, and possible predictors of response. Using a chart review, 50 adult outpatients with DSM-IV @entity11532 treated in clinical practice were assessed regarding response to a variety of medications, including augmentation strategies, and response to concomitant psychotherapy. All subjects received pharmacotherapy for gambling symptoms. Thirty-nine (78%) achieved response to medication treatment. Mean duration of treatment needed for response was 104.9 +/- 85.0 days. Of those treated with an adequate trial of @entity836 as monotherapy, 90.9% were responders, whereas only 45.5% of those treated with an adequate trial of an SSRI achieved response. @entity1 with poorer social and occupational functioning due to urges and thoughts about gambling were less likely to respond to medication. These findings from a clinical setting suggest that a majority of pathological gamblers improve with medication treatment. @entity836 , or augmentation of @entity836 with an SSRI, appears to be most effective in relieving gambling symptoms.

title: Effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for XXXX : a chart review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone', 'Naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling']

answer: @entity11532 :: (MESH:D005715,Disease) :: ['pathological gambling']


abstract: Objective. Increasing prevalence of @entity565 has been attributed to changes in lifestyle and environmental exposures. We conducted a case-control study to investigate the relationship between serum micronutrients and @entity565 in rural school @entity1 in Nigeria. Methods. We administered questionnaires to 1,562 @entity1 to identify @entity1 with @entity565 . Serum concentration levels of 12 micronutrients were determined in @entity565 cases (N = 37) and controls (N = 30). Allergy skin prick test and spirometry were also performed. Results. Plasma levels of the following micronutrients were significantly different between cases and controls: @entity460 (7.48    2.16 versus 8.29    1.62   mg/dL; P = 0.04), @entity921 (44.1    11.5 versus 49.3    7.9   mg/L; P = 0.01), @entity4259 (76.1    14.9 versus 63.3    26.8    g/L; P = 0.02), and albumin (3.45    0.90 versus 3.91    0.99   g/dL; P = 0.04). Plasma concentrations of @entity68 and @entity4259 were positively correlated with lung function, r = 0.43 (P < 0.05 in each case) while @entity921 serum concentration was negatively correlated with @entity565 (r = -0.44; P < 0.05). Conclusions. @entity1 with @entity565 had reduced levels of plasma @entity921 , @entity460 , and albumin but raised level of @entity4259 . The protective or risk effects of these micronutrients on @entity565 warrant further investigation.

title: Relationships between Plasma Micronutrients, Serum IgE, and Skin Test Reactivity and Asthma among School XXXX in Rural Southwest Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: AIM: Sources of motivation for intense physical exercise are poorly understood. Based on views that link such behaviour to preexisting psychopathology, we tested the hypotheses that history of childhood @entity458 would be greater in intense exercisers than in non-exercisers, and that effects of abuse on self-esteem, perfectionism and body dissatisfaction would help to explain any link between abuse and exercise. METHODS: Consecutive attenders at two types of exercise were recruited: weight training and running. Sedentary attenders at a further education college provided a third, comparison group. Each group contained 64 @entity1 and 64 @entity1 . @entity1 completed questionnaires to record history of @entity458 in childhood and adulthood, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and positive and negative perfectionism. RESULTS: Adult, but not childhood abuse, was reported by more weight-trainers than others. Abused individuals were more anxious and @entity308 , were more negative about themselves and were more concerned with avoiding failure in general. @entity1 abused in childhood were more concerned with avoiding failure at exercise in particular. CONCLUSION: These results suggest hypotheses that link adult abuse to intense weight training habits and, in @entity1 , that link @entity1 abuse to feelings of failure in exercise.

title: Relationship of XXXX to motivation for strenuous exercise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants', 'child', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse', 'sexual and physical abuse']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual abuse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plasma @entity2041 / @entity9492 ( @entity2197 / @entity9492 ) and @entity462 / @entity1434 ( @entity2569 /CySS) couples are oxidized in @entity1 in association with oxidative stress and @entity65 risk. Animal studies show that both pools undergo diurnal variations associated with dietary intake of @entity17492 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether the redox state of @entity2197 , @entity2569 , @entity2197 / @entity9492 , or @entity2569 /CySS undergoes diurnal variation in healthy adults. DESIGN: Plasma samples were collected every hour for 24 h from 63 @entity1 aged 18-86 y who were consuming normal food (protein, 0.8 g kg(-1) d(-1); @entity17492 , 20 mg kg(-1) d(-1)) at standardized mealtimes. Measurements of @entity2569 , CySS, @entity2197 , and @entity9492 were used with the Nernst equation to calculate the redox states. RESULTS: Plasma @entity2569 and @entity2197 concentrations varied with the time of day. The highest values for plasma @entity2569 occurred approximately 3 h after meals. @entity2041 was maximal 6 h after peak plasma @entity2569 . The calculated redox states of the @entity2197 / @entity9492 and @entity2569 /CySS couples varied in association with the concentrations of the @entity1432 forms. Maximal reduction and oxidation of the @entity2569 /CySS couple occurred at 2130 and 0630, whereas the respective values for the @entity2197 / @entity9492 couple occurred at 0330 and 1330. The mean diurnal variation for @entity2569 /CySS redox in @entity1 aged >or=60 y was 1.8-fold that in @entity1 aged <40 y. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2569 /CySS and @entity2197 / @entity9492 redox states in @entity1 plasma undergo diurnal variation with an increased magnitude of variation in @entity2569 /CySS redox state in older @entity1 . This variation could alter sensitivity to oxidative stress over a course of hours.

title: Diurnal variation in @entity2041 and @entity462 redox states in XXXX plasma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity9492 :: ('MESH:D019803', 'Chemical') :: ['GSSG', 'glutathione disulfide']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity17492 :: ('MESH:D000603', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unsatisfactory treatment results for severe @entity483 have led to many experimental therapies, including @entity9992 in various vehicles at concentrations ranging from 1% to 10%. Results suggest that the vehicle used to deliver the cromolyn is relevant to its effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of low concentrations of cromolyn in a water-soluble vehicle in the treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity483 in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. METHODS: Twenty-six pediatric @entity1 who had failed to respond to conventional therapy were randomized into 2 treatment groups: @entity1 in group A used the study drug for 1 month (phase I), then received the placebo for 1 month (phase II); and @entity1 in group B used the placebo for 1 month, then received the study drug for 1 month. The study drug was cromolyn @entity1372 inhalation solution mixed into a water-based emollient cream to a final concentration of 0.21%. Upon enrollment and at each follow-up visit, every @entity1 was given a severity score based on extent and severity of skin involvement. RESULTS: At enrollment, there were no significant differences between groups A and B in severity scores, age, sex, race, skin test and/or RAST positivity, eosinophil levels, IgE concentrations, or the presence of concomitant @entity2490 or @entity565 . After the first phase of the study treatment, severity scores had decreased significantly for both groups with a significant difference between group A (cromolyn) and group B (placebo). After crossover, both groups had significantly lower severity scores than at entry into the study. CONCLUSION: Treatment with topical cromolyn in a hydrophilic emollient vehicle has a significant anti-inflammatory effect on moderate-to-severe @entity483 . We have now incorporated this treatment into our clinical practice.

title: Topical @entity9992 in the treatment of moderate-to-severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['cromolyn sodium']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors involved in lipid metabolism and liver response to injury. We hypothesised that differences in the expression of PPARs may reflect differences in the cellular microenvironment of the liver and, consequently, in the behaviour of @entity14 . Of the 145 @entity1 who underwent hepatectomy for @entity14 between 1998 and 2007, 103 had adequate tissue for @entity5601 staining and histological re-evaluation. The histological characteristics evaluated included @entity384 , perisinusoidal @entity82 , @entity1560 . @entity5601 and-y staining was performed and the results were correlated with clinical and survival data. Lobular inflammation and @entity384 were the most common @entity854 . A total of 50% of the @entity1 were @entity5601 - a-negative and 34% were @entity5601 - y-negative. More @entity1 exhibited @entity32 in the @entity5601 -positive group (P=0.023) compared to @entity1 with negative @entity5601 staining, as seen on the multivariate analysis. @entity5601 - ypositivity was associated with oxaliplatin use, surgical margins >= 1 mm and a trend towards a lesser degree of @entity82 . The median follow-up in this cohort of @entity1 was 48 months. @entity1 with @entity5601 staining had a worse overall survival (median, 36 vs. 79 months, P=0.037) compared to those with no @entity5601 staining. There was no correlation between @entity5601 or-ypositivity and disease-free survival. In conclusion, @entity5601 staining is associated with @entity32 and worse overall survival in @entity1 with @entity14 . The exact mechanism underlying this finding remains unclear and further research into the diagnostic and therapeutic implications is required.

title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a staining is associated with worse outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['lobular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['ballooning and steatosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['sinusoidal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['histopathological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to grade magnetic resonance @entity62 ( @entity62 ) of classical @entity814 (cPKU) @entity1 treated from birth and to compare sensitivity and specificity of T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images (DWI). METHODS: Twenty early-treated cPKU @entity1 still on a low- @entity815 diet (12 males; mean age 21.2 years) and 26 normal subjects (ten males; mean age 25.1 years) were enrolled. Typical T2- and diffusion-weighted @entity62 were semiquantitatively graded according to @entity57457 ( @entity57457 ). Besides, a regional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) score (mTS) was developed according to extension and intensity of @entity62 . @entity815 and @entity669 plasma concentrations before performing MRI and the @entity535 mean levels collected the year before MRI (Tyr(year) and @entity815 (year)) were measured. RESULTS: No @entity1 with @entity815 (year) concentration below 460 mumol/L showed @entity62 . In cPKU @entity1 , @entity57457 and mTS were significantly higher on DWI than on T2 images (3.50 vs 2.65 and 23.65 vs 15.85, respectively, p < 0.002, Wilcoxon test). All controls were scored 0 on DWI, while in T2 images, @entity57457 and mTS were 0.19 and 1.70. DWI evaluated by mTS disclosed a frontotemporal, occipital, and parietal WM progressive involvement. @entity57457 and mTS, both on T2 images and on DWI, showed no correlation with @entity669 while they proved to have a strong correlation with phenylalaninemia and an excellent one with @entity815 (year) levels. CONCLUSION: Among the different MR sequences, DWI seems to be the most sensitive and reliable in detecting and grading the typical @entity62 of cPKU @entity1 .

title: Brain MRI diffusion-weighted imaging in @entity1 with classical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity57457 :: ('MESH:C536515', 'Disease') :: ['Thompson score', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['phenylketonuria']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMAs', 'white matter abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe', 'phenylalanine', 'Phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity814 :: (MESH:D010661,Disease) :: ['phenylketonuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pressure @entity1066 are a major problem after cardiovascular surgery, occurring in 9.2% to 38% of @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of a skin care intervention program in preventing development of @entity1066 or progression from one stage to another and to determine the extent to which selected risk factors were associated with development and progression of pressure @entity1066 . METHODS: A simple interrupted time series design was used. The protocol involved interrelated assessment, staging, and type of intervention provided. The Braden Scale was used to determine risk for skin breakdown. RESULTS: Of the 351 @entity1 in the study, 327 (93%) maintained skin integrity and 24 (7%) had skin breakdown. Breakdown by stages was as follows: stage 1, 62% (n = 15); stage 2, 29% (n = 7); stage 3, 4% (n = 1); and stage 4, 4% (n = 1). Age, sex (female), and @entity712 were statistically significant risk factors for breakdown (P = < .001, .02, and .02, respectively). The mean scores on the Braden Scale of the breakdown group differed significantly from those of the skin integrity group from days 2 through 5 after surgery (P = .01). Seventeen (71%) of the breakdowns occurred during the first 4 days after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Skin assessments and nursing interventions should be increased on the day of surgery and the first to fifth postoperative days, including multiple assessments and skin care focused on maintaining skin integrity.

title: Skin care intervention for XXXX having cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity32 and remodeling may follow acute @entity32 or may begin insidiously as a low-grade smoldering response, especially in the case of immune reactions. The histologic hallmarks of @entity32 and remodeling are as follows: (1) infiltration by macrophages and lymphocytes; (2) proliferation of fibroblasts that may take the form of myofibroblasts; (3) angiogenesis; (4) increased connective tissue ( @entity82 ); and (5) tissue destruction. It is clear that changes in the extracellular matrix, smooth muscle, and mucous glands have the capacity to influence airway function and reactivity in @entity565 @entity1 . However, it is not known how each of the many structural changes that occur in the airway wall contributes to altered airway function in @entity565 . In @entity565 , remodeling is almost always present in biopsy specimens (eg, collagen deposition on basement membrane) but is not always clinically demonstrated. Destruction and subsequent remodeling of the normal bronchial architecture are manifested by an accelerated decline in FEV(1) and @entity2488 . This irreversible component of @entity1224 is more prominent in @entity1 with severe disease and even persists after aggressive anti-inflammatory treatment. Airway remodeling appears to be of great importance for understanding the long-term follow-up of @entity748 @entity1 , but there are major gaps in our knowledge. Physiologic correlations with pathology represent a major missing link that should be filled. More long-term studies are needed to appreciate the prevention and treatment of remodeling. Future research therefore should provide better methods for limiting airway remodeling in @entity565 @entity1 .

title: Airway remodeling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy between laparoscopic and open cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy for @entity1 with @entity2941 using meta-analysis. METHODS: Studies comparing the laparoscopic and the open @entity2941 excision that met the inclusion criteria for data extraction were identified from electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Science Citation Index, and the Cochrane Library) up to November 2014. The proceedings of relevant congress were also searched. The outcomes were operative time, intraoperative @entity190 , time to food intake, postoperative morbidity and mortality, length of hospital stay. Outcomes were calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95  % confidence intervals (CIs) using RevMan 5.2. RESULTS: Seven retrospective studies were finally included, involving a total of 1016 @entity1 , of whom, 408 cases underwent laparoscopic cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (LH) and 608 cases underwent open cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy ( @entity2145 ). In LH group compared with @entity2145 group, the operative time was longer ( @entity601  =  59.11, 95  % CI 27.61-90.61, P  =  0.0002), while the length of postoperative hospital stay was less ( @entity601  =  -2.01, 95  % CI -2.49 to -1.54, P  <  0.00001), the intraoperative @entity190 was lower ( @entity601  =  -37.14, 95  % CI -66.69 to -7.60, P  =  0.01) and time to food intake was less ( @entity601  =  -1.14, 95  % CI -1.61 to -0.67, P  =  0.01). The rate of postoperative morbidity was more in the @entity2145 group, but there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups in postoperative morbidity (OR  =  0.52, 95  % CI 0.13-2.06, P  =  0.35). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery is a feasible, safe treatment of @entity2941 with less postoperative morbidity, a shorter length of stay and a lower @entity190 when compared with open approach. With the improvement of laparoscopic techniques and deftness of surgeons practice, laparoscopic surgery may become the first choice procedure for @entity2941 .

title: Laparoscopic versus open surgery in XXXX with @entity2941 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst', 'choledochal cysts']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To recognize the indication and the value of transantral orbit decompression to malignant @entity6875 . METHOD: 9 eyes of 5 cases undergone transantral orbital decompression from November 1986 to October 1998 were reviewed. RESULT: After 3 months-2 years of follow-up. We found this approach successfully improved visual function of all 5 cases. Average proptosis reduction was 5 mm. The eye lids could be closed in 4 of the 5 cases and the palpebral fissures was decreased 1-2 mm in 1 of the 5 cases. Preoperative exposure @entity1036 resolved in both of the 2 cases. @entity892 was cured in both of the 2 cases. Secondary glucorna also recovered in both the 2 cases. Disturbance of ocular motility in both of the 2 cases improved postoperatively and preoperative @entity227 worsen also improved in both of the 2 cases. CONCLUSION: It has been suggested that the transantral decompression of the orbit provided a safe, effective therapeutic modality for @entity1 with vision-threatening or major cosmetic problem.

title: [Transantral orbit decompression to malignant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acurity']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['Diplopia']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmopathy']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['ophthalmopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although early trials indicate the treatment of @entity256 with radiation therapy is safe and effective, the long-term impact of this new technology has been questioned. The possibility of late untoward consequences, such as @entity439 formation, perforation, and accelerated @entity455 , is of significant concern. Furthermore, it is not known whether the beneficial effects of radiation therapy will be durable or whether radiation will only delay @entity256 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A double-blind, randomized trial was undertaken to compare 192Ir with placebo sources in @entity1 with previous @entity256 after coronary angioplasty. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive a 0.76-mm (0. 03-in) ribbon containing sealed sources of either 192Ir or placebo. All @entity1 underwent repeat coronary angiography at 6 months. All living @entity1 were contacted 24 months after their index study procedure. @entity1 were assessed with respect to the need for @entity75 revascularization or nontarget-lesion revascularization, occurrence of @entity583 , or @entity204 . Over a 9-month period, 55 @entity1 were enrolled; 26 were randomized to 192Ir and 29 to placebo. Follow-up was obtained in 100% of living @entity1 at a minimum of 24 months. @entity75 revascularization was significantly lower in the 192Ir group (15.4% versus 44.8%; P<0. 01). Nontarget-lesion revascularization was similar in 192Ir and placebo @entity1 (19.2% versus 20.7%; P=NS). There were 2 deaths in each group. The composite end point of @entity204 , @entity583 , or @entity75 revascularization was significantly lower in 192Ir-treated versus placebo-treated @entity1 (23.1% versus 51.7%; P=0.03). No @entity1 in the 192Ir group sustained a @entity75 revascularization later than 10 months. CONCLUSIONS: At 2-year clinical follow-up, treatment with 192Ir demonstrates significant clinical benefit. Although further follow-up (including late angiography) will be necessary, no clinical events have occurred to date in the 192Ir group to suggest major untoward effects of vascular radiotherapy. At the intermediate follow-up time point, vascular radiotherapy continues to be a promising new treatment for @entity256 .

title: Two-year follow-up after catheter-based radiotherapy to inhibit XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Target-lesion', 'target-lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['coronary restenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Tethered @entity602 is a relatively uncommon disorder of the medullary spine, usually associated with other @entity66 of the caudal end of the spinal cord. However, it often remains unrecognised and due to its progressive character has serious consequences for those affected. METHODS: We analysed a group of 22 @entity1 , treated for TTS during the period from 1990 to 2005, focussing on the time period between the onset of symptoms and their treatment. The initial data from the year 1998 already pinpointed this time-lag as a crucial prognostic factor for outcomes. RESULTS: Nine of the 22 treated @entity1 showed an improvement of symptoms, 2 of them ad integrum. Eleven remained unchanged, without further progress and 2 @entity1 worsened after surgery or despite it. Our results showed a direct correlation between the time-lag and the outcome of therapy. The average time span between recognition of disease and operation in those @entity1 whose symptoms improved was about 16.7 months, whereas for those who remained unchanged it was 52.4. In the @entity1 who worsened it was 54 months. CONCLUSION: Virtually all @entity1 operated within the first year showed a subsequent improvement of symptoms. Only 25 % of @entity1 operated at a later stage achieved some measure of improvement. Time is a relevant factor for success.

title: Tethered XXXX --the importance of time for outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diseases']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spinal cord syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7853 ( @entity7853 ) is one of prevalent causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Our data demonstrated that @entity519 - @entity63 (HI) induced @entity4024 - @entity10406 -co-transporter 1 ( @entity19837 ) increasing in hippocampus. Previous studies demonstrated that @entity19837 regulates various stages of neurogenesis. In this study, we studied the role of increased @entity19837 in regulating of HI-induced neurogenesis. @entity7853 model was established in 7days old @entity35 pup, and the expression of @entity19837 was detected by western blot and qPCR. Brain electrical activity in freely @entity35 was monitored by electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. HI-induced neurogenesis was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Neurobehavioral test was to investigate the neuro-protective role of @entity11623 , an inhibitor of @entity19837 , on neonatal @entity35 after HI. The results showed that @entity11623 treatment significantly reduced brain electrical activity and the @entity410 stage of @entity302 induced by @entity5093 ( @entity17202 ) in vivo after HI. In addition, @entity11623 restored aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis and associated cognitive function. Our data demonstrated that @entity11623 reduces the susceptibility of @entity302 induced by @entity17202 in @entity35 suffering from @entity7853 during neonatal period via restoring the ectopic newborn neurons in dentate gyrus (DG) and cognitive function.

title: XXXX reduce the @entity410 susceptibility induced by @entity5093 via inhibition of aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis in neonatal @entity35 after @entity519 - @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity7853 :: ('MESH:D020925', 'Disease') :: ['HI injury', 'HIBD', 'Hypoxia-ischemia brain damage']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity11623 :: ('MESH:D002034', 'Chemical') :: ['bumetanide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rat', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazol']

answer: @entity11623 :: (MESH:D002034,Chemical) :: ['Bumetanide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6579 ( @entity15002 ) causes @entity455 in vitro. Lipoprotein LPC is increased in hypoalbuminaemia. Albumin binds LPC and restores LPC-induced abnormalities. We hypothesized that in vivo LPC impairs blood flow more in hypoalbuminaemia than in normoalbuminaemia. METHODS: Increasing concentrations of LPC were infused intra-renally in Nagase analbuminaemic @entity35 (NAR) and @entity35 (controls). RESULTS: Intra-renal LPC (0.1 micromol/min, 20 min) reduced @entity8 ( @entity8 ) more (P < 0.01) in NAR (from 8.3 +/- 0.3 to 4.0 +/- 1.1) than in controls (from 7.7 +/- 0.7 to 5.8 +/- 0.5 ml/min/g kidney). @entity14806 had no effect. After stopping LPC, @entity8 recovery was delayed in NAR [median 90 (range: 70-90) vs 45 min (40-60), P < 0.01]. Intravenous bovine serum albumin (BSA) prevented LPC-induced vasoconstriction in both strains. Prolonging LPC for 60 min delayed recovery of @entity8 . In this setting, intra-renal BSA completely restored @entity8 in 75 min (30-90), while intra-renal saline over 75 min only resulted in 33 +/- 13% recovery (P < 0.01). Baseline renal LPC content was unchanged in NAR. However, intra-renal LPC infusion doubled renal LPC content in NAR, but had no effect in controls. CONCLUSIONS: In NAR, baseline @entity8 and renal LPC content are normal. However, exposure of NAR to LPC results in much more vasoconstriction and accumulation of LPC than in normoalbuminaemia. Addition of albumin prevents and restores LPC-induced vasoconstriction.

title: Hypoalbuminaemia enhances the renal vasoconstrictor effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal blood flow', 'RBF']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity14806 :: ('MESH:C008301', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity6579 :: (MESH:D008244,Chemical) :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 with @entity0 who undergo breast-conserving surgery receive whole-breast irradiation. We examined whether the addition of regional nodal irradiation to whole-breast irradiation improved outcomes. METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity1 with node-positive or high-risk node-negative @entity0 who were treated with breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant systemic therapy to undergo either whole-breast irradiation plus regional nodal irradiation (including internal mammary, supraclavicular, and axillary lymph nodes) (nodal-irradiation group) or whole-breast irradiation alone (control group). The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes were disease-free survival, isolated locoregional disease-free survival, and distant disease-free survival. RESULTS: Between March 2000 and February 2007, a total of 1832 @entity1 were assigned to the nodal-irradiation group or the control group (916 @entity1 in each group). The median follow-up was 9.5 years. At the 10-year follow-up, there was no significant between-group difference in survival, with a rate of 82.8% in the nodal-irradiation group and 81.8% in the control group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 1.13; P=0.38). The rates of disease-free survival were 82.0% in the nodal-irradiation group and 77.0% in the control group (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.94; P=0.01). @entity1 in the nodal-irradiation group had higher rates of grade 2 or greater acute @entity55 (1.2% vs. 0.2%, P=0.01) and @entity4269 (8.4% vs. 4.5%, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with node-positive or high-risk node-negative @entity0 , the addition of regional nodal irradiation to whole-breast irradiation did not improve overall survival but reduced the rate of @entity0 recurrence. (Funded by the Canadian @entity5 Society Research Institute and others; MA.20 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00005957.).

title: Regional Nodal Irradiation in Early-Stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast-cancer']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), which is characterized by lower body weight, widely occurs in broilers. Some @entity2132 @entity1573 simply exhibit slow growth without pathological changes. An increasing number of studies indicate that broiler strains differ in susceptibility to @entity166 , most likely due to their genetic differences. The objective of this study was to detect the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in @entity2132 and normal @entity1573 . By integrating miRNA with mRNA expression profiling, potential molecular mechanisms involved in @entity2132 could be further explored. Twenty-two known miRNAs and 1,159 genes were differentially expressed in @entity2132 @entity1573 compared with normal @entity1573 (P < 0.05). qPCR validation results displayed similar patterns. The differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in energy metabolism pathways. The antisense transcripts were extensively expressed in @entity1573 liver albeit with reduced abundance. Dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that @entity64346 /c directly target @entity64347 through binding to its 3'UTR. The @entity64346 /c: @entity64347 regulation mainly occurred in liver. In thigh muscle and the hypothalamus, @entity64346 /c are expressed at higher levels in @entity2132 @entity1573 compared with normal @entity1573 from 2 to 6 w of age, and notably significant differences are observed at 4 w of age.

title: A Systematic Analysis on mRNA and MicroRNA Expression in Runting and Stunting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['RSS', 'Runting and stunting syndrome']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['Chickens']


abstract: A 24-year-old @entity1 was admitted to hospital with @entity55 . On admission he was seen to have an asymmetrical build. During treatment of the lung infiltrate his clinical condition deteriorated. On the third day he coughed up great quantities of fluid which had a urine-like smell. The concentration of @entity1011 in this fluid was the same as in urine. On X-ray of the thorax, a massive accumulation of pleural fluid was seen. Shortly after aspiration of 1000 ml of pleural fluid the @entity1 died. At autopsy, an @entity8 was found in the left thoracic cavity. The @entity55 had caused an abscess that had broken into the pelvis of this @entity8 causing the loss of urine into the @entity1143 (urothorax) and 'uroptysis'. On the basis of anatomical and embryological aspects it is debatable if this case was genuine. It is in fact a duplication of a case report published in this journal in 1923 the reliability of which was never clarified. Biographical information from Professor A. Querido (1901-1983) which has since become available indicates that the case was faked by mischievous medical students preparing for their examinations. They had never imagined that the editors might actually accept it for publication. The case report of 1923 has now been retracted.

title: [Clinical reasoning and decision making in practice. A @entity1 with XXXX and ill smelling watery sputum: the truth revealed after 80 years].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic kidney']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Volume management during renal replacement therapy (RRT) in @entity326 is always in the conflict between aggravating @entity3485 by undue ultrafiltration (UF) and insufficient @entity1284 which is associated with adverse outcome. Relative blood volume (RBV) monitoring could be helpful for timely transition from fluid resuscitation to fluid removal. METHODS: Data of RBV were continuously monitored and used for guidance of UF and fluid resuscitation in 21 consecutive @entity1 with severe septic @entity881 . RRT was applied with extended daily hemodiafiltration for median 11 h (range 6-23). Changes in RBV were analyzed during the first 4 treatment sessions. RESULTS: During 26 treatments, RBV monitoring revealed an internal @entity393 substituted by a median infusion volume of 2.38 l (maximum 8.07 l) per treatment to keep the RBV constant. In the remaining 40 sessions, a median net-UF of 1.00 l (range 0.40-4.40) was achieved. In the first 2 days predominantly substitution was necessary whereas from the third day UF became increasingly possible. The 28-day survival rate was 81%. CONCLUSION: Blood volume monitoring proved to be an easy and feasible tool for safe guidance of fluid management maintaining the balance between UF and vascular refilling. Video Journal Club 'Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco' at http://www.karger.com/?doi=433415.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Relative Blood Volume Monitoring during Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill XXXX with @entity326 : A Preliminary Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of fluid overload']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aims of the study were to identify the characteristics of elderly frequent attenders to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) presenting with @entity662 and to assess the 1-year prognosis for developing adverse @entity299 . FINDINGS: @entity1 over 75  years old, with four or more attendances to the @entity341 between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2010 with at least one attendance due to @entity662 , were selected from a database. Data was collected on demographic details, visit history, disposition and admission outcomes. Each @entity1 was followed up for 12  months after the index episode via the hospital electronic registry for adverse cardiac outcome. Adverse cardiac outcomes included @entity204 from @entity299 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ( @entity583 )/non- @entity583 (NSTEMI)) or unstable @entity951 . A total of 158 @entity1 with 4 or more visits to the @entity341 accounted for 290 visits with @entity662 during 2010. There is a high prevalence of coronary risk factors in this cohort ( @entity101 92.4%, hyperlipidaemia 65.2%, @entity6 49.4% and smoking 26.6%). The hospital admission rate was also high at 83.5%. Over the ensuing 12  months, 8 @entity1 died of a primary @entity299 and a further 29 @entity1 developed 36 non-fatal @entity299 . We could not establish any significant relationship between increase in adverse cardiac outcome and individual risk factors or even two or more risk factors (P   =   0.0572). @entity1 with two or more attendances with @entity662 were more likely to develop adverse cardiac outcome (P   =   0.0068). CONCLUSIONS: Elderly frequent attenders to the @entity341 , who present with @entity662 , have more cardiac risk factors and are more likely to develop adverse coronary outcomes if they re-attend with @entity662 .

title: Retrospective study of elderly frequent attenders presenting with XXXX at @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'acute myocardial infarction', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: @entity956 with 1/1 nodo-ventricular conduction is a classical complication of @entity3297 's Class I antiarrhythmic drugs. The increase of the flutter cycle and weak action of the antiarrhythmic on the atrioventricular node leads to 1/1 conduction of atrial depolarisation to the ventricles. In view of their marked action on the atrioventricular node, this type of pro-arrhythmic effect is very unexpected with Class III antiarrhythmics. The authors report 7 cases of 1/1 @entity956 with oral @entity2643 observed between 1994 and 2001. The @entity1 were 6 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 with an average age of 58 +/- 14 years. Four of them had underlying @entity299 ; none were @entity1378 . The initial @entity943 was 2/1 @entity956 (n = 4), 1/1 @entity956 (n = 2) and @entity955 (n = 1). Treatment was preventive with doses of 400 mg/day associated with carvedilol in one @entity1 and 200 mg/day in another. The other five @entity1 all received loading doses of 9200 +/- 2400 mg over 10 +/- 4 days. The symptoms were palpitations (n = 2) associated in one @entity1 with @entity551 , one @entity1163 , one near @entity1163 and one @entity1455 . The ventricular cycle of the 1/1 flutter was 287 +/- 33 ms. The QRS duration was 136 +/- 35 ms with @entity1165 in 3 cases. An adrenergic trigger factor was noted in 5 @entity1 . One @entity1 required emergency cardioversion. The authors discuss the physiopathology of 1/1 flutter and theoretical diagnostic methods are proposed. In conclusion, @entity2643 does not always prevent the occurrence of 1/1 nodo-ventricular conduction in @entity956 .

title: [ XXXX with 1/1 nodo-ventricular conduction with @entity2643 . From physiopathology to diagnosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia-like appearances']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3297 :: ('MESH:D018980', 'Disease') :: ['Vaughan-Williams']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'Atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['Atrial flutter']


abstract: The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a relay point that provides supraspinal excitatory input to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the regulation of blood pressure. The importance of the RVLM is further highlighted by observations that an increase of RVLM sensitivity to @entity1808 and enhanced sympathetic activity are associated with @entity101 . Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ( @entity13928 ) has been shown to be central in maintaining the balance between vasoconstrictor activity of @entity1808 with vasoprotective action of angiotensin-(1-7) in the peripheral system. However, its role in central control of blood pressure in the RVLM is yet to be investigated. Thus, our objective in this study was to compare @entity13928 expression in the RVLM of @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 and to determine whether RVLM @entity13928 is involved in blood pressure control. @entity13928 immunoreactivity was diffusely distributed in many cardiovascular regulatory neurons, including the RVLM. Western blot analysis revealed a 40% decrease in @entity13928 in the RVLM of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 compared with @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 . Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of @entity13928 ( @entity13928 ) was used to determine whether a decrease in @entity13928 in the RVLM is associated with @entity101 state. Bilateral injection of @entity13928 resulted in a long-term expression of transgenic @entity13928 . This was associated with a decrease in mean arterial pressure exclusively in the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (141+/-4 mm Hg in lenti-GFP versus 124+/-5 mm Hg in lenti- @entity13928 ) and heart rate (304+/-7 bpm in lenti-GFP versus 285+/-5 bpm in lenti- @entity13928 ). These observations demonstrate that overexpression of @entity13928 overcomes its intrinsic decrease in the RVLM and decreases high blood pressure in the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

title: Overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the rostral ventrolateral medulla causes long-term decrease in blood pressure in the spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In the @entity1 ovary cell growth and differentiation is regulated by several members of the @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) superfamily including activins, inhibins, growth differentiation factors and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). The effects of @entity2533 family members are mediated to the target cells via heteromeric complexes of type I and II @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase receptors which activate Smad signaling protein pathways in various cell types. We have previously shown that inhibin B, a hormonally important product from @entity1 granulosa cells, is up regulated by @entity723 and BMPs. Here, we report the use of adenoviral gene transfer methodology to manipulate the @entity2533 growth factor signaling system in primary cultures of @entity1 granulosa cells. These cells are exceedingly difficult to transfect by conventional transfection methods, but were virtually 100% infected with recombinant adenoviruses expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Adenoviruses expressing constitutively active forms of the seven known @entity1 type I @entity723 receptor-like kinase receptors (Ad-caALK1 through Ad-caALK7) cause activation of endogenous and adenovirally transferred Smad signaling proteins so that Ad-caALK1/2/3/6 and Ad-caALK4/5/7 induced phosphorylation of the @entity7378 and @entity2536 pathways, respectively. @entity723 A and @entity1841 activated the @entity7378 and @entity2536 pathways as well as inhibin B production as did all the Ad-caALKs. Furthermore, overexpression of adenoviral @entity7378 and @entity2536 proteins without exogenously added ligands induced inhibin B production. The inhibitory @entity8110 protein suppressed @entity1841 and @entity723 induced inhibin B production. Collectively, the present data demonstrate that adenoviral gene transfer provides an effective approach for dissecting the @entity2533 signaling pathways in primary ovarian cells in vitro and more specifically indicate that the @entity7378 and @entity2536 pathways are involved in the regulation of inhibin B production by @entity2533 family ligands in the ovary.

title: Engagement of XXXX and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway Smad proteins in the induction of inhibin B production in ovarian granulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta', 'TGF beta']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity723 :: (83729,Gene) :: ['activin']