abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity320 , one of the @entity1489 , is increasing in incidence throughout the world. Surgery remains the cornerstone of curative treatment in earlier stages. @entity3 is incurable in most affected @entity1 , because @entity320 does not respond to most systemic treatments. A number of novel approaches are under evaluation and have shown promising results, but they are usually associated with increased @entity137 and cost. The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy has been reported to improve treatment results, but it is still unclear whether evidence exists to support this choice, compared with chemotherapy alone. No language restrictions were imposed. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of therapy with chemotherapy and immunotherapy (chemoimmunotherapy) versus chemotherapy alone in @entity1 with metastatic @entity320 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register (14 February 2006), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2005), MEDLINE (2003 to 30 January 2006 ), EMBASE (2003 to 20 July 2005) and LILACS (1982 to 20 February 2006). References, conference proceedings, and databases of ongoing trials were also used to locate trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials that compared the use of chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy on @entity1 of any age, diagnosed with @entity320 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed each study to determine whether it met the pre-defined selection criteria, with differences being resolved through discussion with the review team. Two authors independently extracted the data from the articles using data extraction forms. Quality assessment included an evaluation of various components associated with biased estimates of treatment effect. Whenever possible, a meta-analysis was performed on the extracted data, in order to calculate a weighed treatment effect across trials. MAIN RESULTS: Eighteen studies met our criteria and were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 2625 @entity1 . We found evidence of an increase of objective response rates in @entity1 treated with chemoimmunotherapy, in comparison with @entity1 treated with chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the impact of these increased response rates was not translated into a survival benefit. We found no difference in survival to support the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy in the systemic treatment of @entity320 , with a hazard ratio of 0.89 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.11, p=0.31). Additionally, we found increased hematological and @entity1503 in @entity1 treated with chemoimmunotherapy. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We failed to find any clear evidence that the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy increases survival of @entity1 with @entity320 . Further use of combined immunotherapy and chemotherapy should only be done in the context of clinical trials.

title: Chemoimmunotherapy versus chemotherapy for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['most aggressive of all skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non-hematological toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Malignant melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Autoantibodies against @entity2729 are linked to the neuropsychiatric manifestations of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). The present study was undertaken to assess how the specific brain-binding autoantibody anti-ribosomal P can induce a @entity308 in @entity19 . METHODS: @entity19 were injected intracerebroventricularly with affinity-purified human anti-ribosomal P antibodies or IgG as control. Pharmacologic and immunologic treatments included the antidepressant drug @entity905 , the antipsychotic drug @entity1767 , and antiidiotypic antibodies. Behavior was assessed by the forced swimming test, @entity51 by rotarod, grip strength, and staircase tests, and @entity73 by T-maze alternation and passive avoidance tests. RESULTS: Anti-ribosomal P antibodies induced @entity308 -like behavior in the @entity19 (mean +/- SEM 147.3 +/- 19.2 seconds of immobility versus 75.2 +/- 12.1 seconds of immobility in IgG-injected control @entity19 ; P < 0.005). The anti-ribosomal P antibody-induced @entity308 -like behavior was partially blocked by a specific antiidiotypic antibody and significantly blocked by long-term treatment with @entity905 , but not by short- or long-term treatment with @entity1767 . The @entity146 was not associated with any motor or @entity73 . Anti-ribosomal P antibodies specifically stained neurons in the hippocampus, cingulate cortex, and the primary olfactory piriform cortex, compatible with the previously described binding to the membrane-bound P0 ribosomal protein. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of an experimental @entity308 induced by a specific autoantibody. The results implicate olfactory and limbic areas in the pathogenesis of @entity6220 in @entity1252 in particular.

title: Induction of XXXX in mice by anti-ribosomal P antibodies via the limbic system.

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['depression in general, and in central nervous system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depression-type psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['depressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity2729 :: ('MESH:C537241', 'Disease') :: ['ribosomal P proteins']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['autoimmune depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent reports from @entity5 screening trials in high-risk populations suggest that autoantibodies can be detected before clinical diagnosis. However, there is minimal data on the role of autoantibody signatures in @entity5 screening in the general population. METHODS: Informative @entity876 peptides were identified in sera from @entity1 with @entity14 using an autoantibody microarray with 15-mer overlapping peptides covering the complete @entity876 sequence. The selected peptides were evaluated in a blinded case-control study using stored serum from the multimodal arm of the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of @entity43 Screening where @entity1 gave annual blood samples. Cases were postmenopausal @entity1 who developed @entity14 following recruitment, with 2 or more serum samples preceding diagnosis. Controls were age-matched @entity1 with no history of @entity5 . RESULTS: The 50 640 @entity1 randomised to the multimodal group were followed up for a median of 6.8 (inter-quartile range 5.9-8.4) years. @entity14 was received in 101 @entity1 with serial samples of whom 97 (297 samples) had given consent for secondary studies. They were matched 1 : 1 with 97 controls (296 serial samples). The four most informative peptides identified 25.8% of @entity14 @entity1 with a specificity of 95%. The median lead time was 1.4 (range 0.12-3.8) years before clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that in the general population, autoantibody signatures are detectable during preclinical disease and may be of value in @entity5 screening. In @entity14 screening in particular, where the current need is to improve compliance, it suggests that @entity876 autoantibodies may contribute towards risk stratification.

title: Early detection of @entity5 in the general population: a blinded case-control study of @entity876 autoantibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'Colorectal cancer notification']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact on prognosis of D(2) lymphadenectomy combined with splenectomy in @entity1 of advanced proximal @entity356 with No.10 lymph node @entity3 . METHODS: Clinical data of 216 @entity1 of advanced proximal @entity356 with No.10 lymph node @entity3 undergone D(2) curative resection in our hospital from January 1980 to December 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 73 underwent simultaneous splenectomy (splenectomy group), while 143 without splenectomy (spleen-preserving group). The 5-year survival rate, the mean numbers of dissected No.10 lymph nodes and metastatic No.10 lymph nodes, the complication morbidity and mortality were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rates of splenectomy group and spleen-preserving group were 30.0% and 19.7% respectively, whose difference was significant(P<0.05). The mean numbers of dissected No.10 lymph nodes and metastatic No.10 lymph nodes in splenectomy group were significantly greater than those in spleen-preserving group(P<0.05). Splenectomy, invasion depth and gastrectomy type were independent prognostic factors. The survival rates of T(3) @entity1 in splenectomy group and spleen-preserving group were 38.7% and 18.9% respectively, whose difference was significant (P<0.05). The survival rates of @entity1 undergone total gastrectomy in splenectomy group and spleen-preserving group were 33.4% and 20.7% respectively, whose difference was significant (P<0.05). The complication morbidity and mortality in splenectomy group were 24.7% and 4.1%, while in spleen-preserving group were 17.5% and 3.5% respectively, whose differences were not significant(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Splenectomy is benefit for No.10 lymph node dissection in @entity1 with advanced proximal @entity356 . To improve the prognosis, total gastrectomy combined with splenectomy should be recommended for @entity1 of T(3) proximal @entity356 with No.10 lymph node @entity3 . Simultaneous splenectomy dose not increase the complication morbidity and mortality.

title: [Efficacy of combined splenectomy in proximal @entity356 with No.10 lymph node XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Interstitial transport of @entity2822 -conjugated nonspecific polyclonal rabbit and sheep IgG was studied in normal (mature granulation) and neoplastic (VX2 @entity189 ) tissues grown in a @entity95 ear chamber. The interstitial concentration gradients after i.v. injection were analyzed to yield effective interstitial diffusion coefficients, Deff. The one-dimensional diffusion model underestimated Deff by a factor of up to 3 when compared with a two-dimensional model. Despite marked heterogeneities in Deff, the average values of Deff were higher in @entity5 than in normal tissue. Rabbit IgG moved faster in @entity5 than the sheep IgG by a factor of 2. When compared with the dextran of same molecular weight, the ratio of Deff between neoplastic and normal tissue decreased from 33 (dextran) to between 2 and 5 (sheep IgG and rabbit IgG, respectively). When compared with dextran of the same Stokes-Einstein radius, IgGs had a lower Deff in both tissue types. These results are consistent with the size, charge, and configuration of antibodies and the structure and charge of the interstitial matrix and suggest that the delivery of antibodies to @entity5 may be improved by modulating their charge, hydrophilicity, and antigenicity. The molecular weight dependence of Deff also provides a rational basis for the use of bifunctional antibodies and antibody-enzyme conjugates to increase the delivery of low molecular weight anticancer agents to solid @entity5 .

title: Interstitial transport of XXXX and sheep antibodies in normal and neoplastic tissues.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity3646 , @entity225 , tryptase and eosinophil cationic protein levels were measured in nasal lavage fluid from 15 @entity2023 beyond pollen season. @entity566 was proved by prick test. There were 15 non allergic @entity1 in the control group. Specific nasal allergen provocation was performed on the rhinitic group. Nasal lavage were done before, 1 and 12 hours after the provocation. Before the nasal provocation the @entity11153 and @entity3646 levels were significantly higher in the allergic group compared to the non allergic group. The levels of tryptase, @entity11153 and @entity3646 rose significantly after the provocation. The results reflect to the possibility of an activated immune status in @entity2023 even without the presence of the triggering pollens. After the specific provocation elevated tryptase levels were measured, referring to the activity of the early phase of the I. type @entity56 , while the @entity11153 and @entity225 elevation to its late phase. According to our examinations it can be said, that tryptase, @entity42159 might be used to detect the activation of the early and late phases of the IgE mediated hypersensitive reaction.

title: [Levels of XXXX , @entity225 , tryptase and eosinophil cationic protein of nasal lavage fluid in @entity2023 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pollen allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reaction']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['interleukin-4']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the dosimetric parameters of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in locally advanced @entity135 (Stage II and above) and the effects on @entity2133 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 49 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity1544 of the @entity135 were consecutively treated with 3D-CRT using a one-point setup technique; 17 had @entity5 , 12 oropharynx, 12 oral cavity, and 6 nasopharynx @entity5 ; 2 had other sites of @entity5 . Of the 49 @entity1 , 41 received postoperative @entity138 and 8 definitive treatment. Also, 13 were treated with @entity900 -based chemotherapy before and during @entity138 ; in 6 cases, @entity1487 was added. The follow-up time was 484-567 days (median, 530 days). RESULTS: One-point setup can deliver 96% of the prescribed dose to the isocenter, to the whole planning target volume, including all node levels of the neck and without overdosages. The mean dose to the primary planning target volume was 49.54 +/- 4.82 Gy (51.53 +/- 5.47 Gy for larynx cases). The average dose to the contralateral parotid gland was approximately 38 Gy (30 Gy for larynx cases). The maximal dose to the spinal cord was 46 Gy. A Grade 0 Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer @entity2133 score corresponded to a mean dose of 30 Gy to one parotid gland. A lower @entity2133 score with a lower mean parotid dose and longer follow-up seemed to give rise to a sort of functional recovery phenomenon. CONCLUSION: Three dimensional-CRT in @entity135 permits good coverage of the planning target volume with about 10-11 segments and one isocenter. With a mean dose of approximately 30 Gy to the contralateral parotid, we observed no or mild @entity2133 .

title: Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for locally advanced (Stage II and worse) XXXX : dosimetric and clinical evaluation.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck tumors', 'head and neck', 'head-and-neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'larynx cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of exogenous @entity28697 recombinant plasmid in liver tissue of @entity35 suffered from immune hepatic @entity82 . METHODS: Immune hepatic @entity82 model of @entity35 were made by using porcine serum, which were treated by pcDNA3- @entity28697 recombinant plasmid. The expression of @entity28697 proteins in liver tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting and the expression of @entity28697 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: @entity28697 were expressed in liver tissue in all group @entity35 . @entity28697 expressions were lower in normal control groups , and were higher in @entity28697 treat groups. The results of image analysis by immunohistochemistry were (0.109 +/- 0.01), (0.159 +/- 0.02) and (0.198 +/- 0.04) in normal groups, model groups and @entity28697 groups respectively. There were significant differences between model and normal groups ( P < 0.01) as well as @entity28697 groups and model groups (P < 0.01). The results of Western blotting were similar to immunohistochemistry. The specific 550bp gene fragments that were amplified by RT-PCR with a couple of especial primers were found in @entity28697 group but not in normal and model groups, which was coincident with fragments amplified by PCR with @entity28697 recombinant plasmid extracted directly from competent @entity27600 . CONCLUSION: The expression of @entity28697 was relatively low abundance in normal @entity35 liver tissue, and increased markedly in immune injured @entity35 liver tissue. The expression of the pcDNA3- @entity28697 recombinant plasmid can be found in @entity35 liver tissue suffered from immune hepatic @entity82 . The reinforcements of expression of @entity28697 protein in liver tissue of pcDNA3- @entity28697 recombinant plasmid treatment group was resulted from the overlap of endogenous and exogenous @entity28697 expression.

title: [Study of the expression of exogenous augmenter of liver regeneration recombinant plasmid in liver tissue of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The dependency of indices of myocardial contractility on the immediate preloading protocol was assessed in 14 @entity4485 anesthetized open-chest @entity235 . An intracavitary micromanometer and epicardially placed ultrasonic dimension transducers allowed acquisition of dynamic left ventricular pressure-volume relationships while varying preload on right heart bypass. A resting cardiac output of 75 ml/kg/min was either increased twofold or reduced to zero flow over a 20-second interval. Linear regression analysis of the mechanical parameters permitted construction of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, rate of pressure rise-end-diastolic volume relationship, and the preload recruitable @entity64 work relationship. The slopes of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship and rate of pressure rate-end-diastolic volume relationship were significantly higher when measured during volume depletion than during volume expansion (17.2 +/- 1.3 versus 8.5 +/- 0.8 mm Hg/ml and 205 +/- 14 versus 126 +/- 11 mm Hg/sec/ml, p less than 0.001, respectively). This finding was also evident when data analysis was confined to the initial 10 seconds of the loading interval. Nonlinear regression analysis of pooled data from both preloading protocols revealed curvilinear characteristics for each relationship. In contrast, the slope of the preload recruitable @entity64 work relationship was lower as a result of volume unloading (16.8 +/- 2.0 versus 22.8 +/- 1.7 mJ/beat/100 gm left ventricle/ml, p less than 0.01) and was independent of loading protocol when data analysis was confined to the initial 10-second acquisition period. Furthermore, second-order regression analysis of the pooled data showed no curvilinearity. These findings emphasize the importance of both the timing and method of varying cardiac preload in the determination of intrinsic myocardial contractility and suggest that the preload recruitable @entity64 work relationship may be a more linear contractile index that is less affected by preloading history over brief intervals.

title: Preloading history influences pressure-volume-derived indices of myocardial contractility in the ejecting XXXX left ventricle.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the validity over time of the fingertip-to-floor test (FTF) and the straight leg raising test (SLR) using the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and correlation coefficient (r), and to assess the predictive value of factors related to the change in RMDQ over 12 months using multivariate regression analysis. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Outpatient physical therapy clinic. @entity1 : Subjects (N=65) with @entity1643 ( <=13 wk of symptoms). Thirty-eight (58%) had @entity158 as determined by the slump test. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported disability was used as a reference variable and was measured using the RMDQ at baseline and after 1 and 12 months. The FTF and SLR were measured at baseline and after 1 month. @entity6372 and imprecision were assessed by using effect size (ES) and minimal detectable change (MDC). The sample was stratified by the presence or absence of @entity158 (categorized by the slump test). RESULTS: The change in FTF results was significantly correlated to the 1-month change in RMDQ, both in the entire sample (r=.63) and in the group with @entity158 (r=.66). Similar analysis for the SLR showed a weak relationship to RMDQ. FTF showed adequate responsiveness (ES range, 0.8-0.9) in contrast to SLR (ES range, 0.2-0.5). The MDC for FTF and SLR were 4.5 cm and 5.7  , respectively. The change in FTF results over 1 month was independently more strongly associated with the 12-month (R(2)=.27-.31) change in RMDQ than any of the other variables and multivariate combinations. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the FTF has good validity in @entity1 with @entity1643 and even better validity in those with @entity158 . The change in FTF results over the first month was a valid predictor of the change in self-reported disability over 1 year. In contrast, the validity of SLR can be questioned in the present group of @entity1 .

title: Fingertip-to-floor test and straight leg raising test: validity, responsiveness, and predictive value in XXXX with @entity1643 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['acute/subacute low back pain']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['Responsiveness']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radicular pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Many processes that are essential for mycobacterial growth are poorly understood. To facilitate genetic analyses of such processes in mycobacteria, we and others have developed regulated expression systems that are repressed by a @entity803 repressor (TetR) and induced with @entity2930 , permitting the construction of conditional mutants of essential genes. A disadvantage of these systems is that @entity2930 function as transcriptional inducers and have to be removed to initiate gene silencing. Recently, reverse TetR mutants were identified that require @entity2930 as co-repressors. Here, we report that one of these mutants, TetR r1.7, allows efficient repression of lacZ expression in @entity7666 in the presence but not the absence of @entity23784 (atc). TetR and TetR r1.7 also allowed efficient silencing of the essential secA1 gene, as demonstrated by inhibition of the growth of a conditional mutant and dose-dependent depletion of the SecA1 protein after the removal or addition, respectively, of atc. The kinetics of SecA1 depletion were similar with TetR and TetR r1.7. To test whether silencing of secA1 could help identify substrates of the general secretion pathway, we analyzed the main porin of @entity7666 , MspA. This showed that the amount of cell envelope-associated MspA decreased more than 90-fold after secA1 silencing. We thus demonstrated that TetR r1.7 allows the construction of conditional mycobacterial mutants in which the expression of an essential gene can be efficiently silenced by the addition of atc and that gene silencing permits the identification of candidate substrates of mycobacterial secretion systems.

title: Silencing @entity7666 by using XXXX repressors.

entities_list: @entity7666 :: ('1772', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium smegmatis', 'M. smegmatis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity23784 :: ('MESH:C016229', 'Chemical') :: ['anhydrotetracycline']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

answer: @entity803 :: (MESH:D013752,Chemical) :: ['tetracycline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injuries to the hand and wrist account for approximately 20% of @entity1 visits to emergency departments and may impose a large economic burden. The purpose of this study was to estimate the total health-care costs and productivity costs of @entity130 to the hand and wrist and to compare them with other important injury groups in a nationwide study. METHODS: Data were retrieved from the Dutch Injury Surveillance System, from the National Hospital Discharge Registry, and from a @entity1 follow-up survey conducted between 2007 and 2008. Injury incidence, health-care costs, and productivity costs (due to absenteeism) were calculated by age group, sex, and different subgroups of @entity130 . An incidence-based cost model was used to estimate the health-care costs of @entity130 . Follow-up data on return to work rates were incorporated into the absenteeism model for estimating the productivity costs. RESULTS: Hand and @entity13316 annually account for  740 million (in U.S. dollars) and rank first in the order of most expensive @entity130 , before knee and @entity174 ( 562 million), @entity173 ( 532 million), and @entity1545 ( 355 million). Productivity costs contributed more to the total costs of hand and @entity13316 (56%) than did direct health-care costs. Within the overall group of hand and @entity13316 , hand and finger @entity174 are the most expensive group ( 278 million), largely due to high productivity costs in the age group of twenty to sixty-four years ( 192 million). CONCLUSIONS: Hand and @entity13316 not only constitute a substantial part of all treated @entity130 but also represent a considerable economic burden, with both high health-care and productivity costs. Hand and @entity13316 should be a priority area for research in @entity130 care, and further research could help to reduce the cost of these @entity130 , both to the health-care system and to society.

title: Economic impact of hand and XXXX : health-care costs and productivity costs in a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['skull-brain injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'lower limb fractures']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity13316 :: ('MESH:D014954', 'Disease') :: ['wrist injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'injury types', 'trauma']

answer: @entity13316 :: (MESH:D014954,Disease) :: ['wrist injuries']


abstract: We have been examining antigen presentation and the antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the islets of Langerhans of the non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 . The purpose is to identify the earliest events that initiate @entity792 in this confined tissue. Islets normally have a population of macrophages that is distinct from those that inhabit the exocrine pancreas. Also found in NOD islets is a minor population of dendritic cells (DCs) that bear the @entity31420 integrin. We find close interactions between beta cells and the two APCs that result in the initiation of the @entity792 . Even under non-inflammatory conditions, beta cells transfer insulin-containing vesicles to the APCs of the islet. This reaction requires live cells and intimate contact. The @entity792 starts in islets with the entrance of @entity1961 (+) T cells and an increase in the @entity31420 (+) DCs. @entity19 deficient in the @entity41844 transcription factor never develop @entity6 due to the absence of the @entity31420 / @entity3414 lineage of DCs. We hypothesize that the 12-20 peptide of the beta chain of insulin is responsible for activation of the initial @entity1961 (+) T-cell response during diabetogenesis.

title: The role of islet antigen presenting cells and the presentation of insulin in the initiation of autoimmune @entity6 in the NOD XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune process']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: GOALS: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of esophageal dilation compared with medical treatment in @entity1 with @entity1282 ( @entity1282 ). BACKGROUND: Clinical studies evaluating the role of esophageal dilation in @entity1 with @entity1282 have reported conflicting results. In addition, studies suggesting beneficial effects of esophageal dilation in this group of @entity1 have not compared it with medical treatment. STUDY: We conducted a retrospective study in 107 @entity1 with @entity1282 and divided these @entity1 into 2 groups. Group 1 included @entity1 who received esophageal dilation with a @entity9031 bougie along with adjunctive medical treatment, and group 2 included @entity1 who received medical treatment alone. RESULTS: Complete resolution of symptoms occurred in 41 of the 60 @entity1 (68.3%) who received esophageal dilation. In the group that received medical treatment alone (n=47), 28 @entity1 (59.5%) had complete resolution of symptoms. There was no statistically significant difference in symptom resolution between the 2 groups. In addition, among 22 @entity1 with @entity2910 , 17 @entity1 (77%) had complete symptomatic relief with dilation, as compared with 63% @entity1 without @entity2910 . Although there was a trend towards higher frequency of @entity1282 resolution with esophageal dilation in @entity1 with @entity1282 and @entity2910 , the difference failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal dilation and medical therapy are equally efficacious (60% to 70% of cases) in resolving symptoms of @entity1282 in @entity1 with @entity1282 . @entity1 with @entity1282 and @entity2910 may represent the subgroup of @entity1 who are more likely to benefit from esophageal dilation.

title: Critical evaluation of esophageal dilation in XXXX with and without @entity2910 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal rings']

entities_list: @entity9031 :: ('MESH:D011145', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['nonobstructive dysphagia', 'NOD', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['nonobstructive dysphagia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The rate of @entity1645 ( @entity1645 ) in a population ranges from 3 to 8 per 100,000 population. In 62-80% of cases, @entity1645 is accompanied by the development of @entity1644 ( @entity1644 ) at various levels. The clinical picture in these @entity1 is a combination of @entity1645 and @entity1644 manifestations; however, @entity1644 symptoms often prevail, which creates some problems in the diagnosis of the disease and in the choice of optimal treatment. AIM: On the basis of our own experience of surgical interventions, we aimed to clarify the indications for surgical treatment of @entity1644 associated with @entity1645 and to determine the optimal amount of surgery and the criteria for evaluation of treatment outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred twenty five @entity1 with a combination of @entity1644 and @entity1645 were examined in the period from 2011 to February 2015. Of them, 125 @entity1 were operated on. The mean age of the operated @entity1 was 56  8 years. The mean time from the appearance of the first signs of the disease to surgery was 75  82 months. All operations were performed by a single surgeon. The operations were carried out in the half-sitting (89.6%) or prone (10.4%) position. The operation included sparing suboccipital craniectomy, C1 arch resection, recovery of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation along the posterior surface of the cerebellum, and reconstruction of the dura mater in the craniovertebral junction region. RESULTS: Exploration of the arachnoid mater of the cisterna magna after dura opening revealed no arachnopathy in 78 (62.4%) @entity1 (Chiari 0 @entity600 according to Klekamp). The type 1 arachnopathy (by Klekamp) was detected in 31 @entity1 (24.8%), and the type 2 arachnopathy was observed in 16 (12.8%). The condition of 109 (88%) @entity1 was evaluated one year after the surgery. Sixty one (56%) @entity1 had partial or complete regression of preoperative @entity16 . The disease stopped progressing in 44 @entity1 (40%). The disease was progressing in 4 (3.7%) @entity1 . No recurrence of a CSF circulation disturbance at the craniovertebral level was observed during follow-up. Early postoperative complications occurred in 4 (3.2%) @entity1 : wound CSF leakage in 1 (0.8%) @entity1 , @entity697 in 1 (0.8%) @entity1 , and @entity5827 in 2 (1.6%) @entity1 . Temporary deteriorations in the condition ( @entity10 worsening, meteosensitivity) were detected in 11 (8.9%) @entity1 . These symptoms regressed by the end of the 1st postoperative month. There were no deaths. CONCLUSION: The indication for surgery in @entity1 with a combination of @entity1645 and @entity1644 is the presence of @entity16 associated with @entity1644 and their progression as well as @entity10 caused by @entity3976 , which significantly deteriorates the @entity1 's quality of life. The main criteria for evaluating the efficacy of treatment include stabilization of the clinical symptoms and/or improvement in the @entity1 condition. Suboccipital craniectomy followed by reconstruction of the dura mater and recovery of the CSF circulation in the craniovertebral region is an effective treatment of @entity1644 associated with @entity1645 .

title: [Results of surgical treatment of XXXX associated with @entity1645 . An analysis of 125 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['SM', 'syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation of the cerebellar tonsils']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari 1 malformation', 'CM', 'Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive @entity21087 for bowel preparation before colonoscopy. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with @entity21087 in addition to @entity968 ( @entity970 )-electrolyte solution. Of 250 @entity1 undergoing colonoscopy, 124 were randomized to receive 2 L @entity970 plus 15 mg of @entity21087 ( @entity21087 group), and 126 received 2 L @entity970 plus placebo (placebo group). @entity1 completed a questionnaire reporting the acceptability and tolerability of the bowel preparation process. The efficacy of bowel preparation was assessed by colonoscopists using a 5-point scale based on Aronchick's criteria. The primary end point was optimal bowel preparation rates (scores of excellent/good/fair vs poor/inadequate). RESULTS: A total of 249 @entity1 were included in the analysis. In the @entity21087 group, optimal bowel preparation rates were significantly higher in the left colon compared with the placebo group (78.2% vs 65.6%, P < 0.05), but not in the right colon (76.5% vs 66.4%, P = 0.08). After excluding @entity1 with severe @entity1142 , there was a significant difference in bowel preparation in both the left and right colon (82.4% vs 66.7%, 80.8% vs 67.5%, P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups. Among the subgroup who had previous colonoscopy experience, a significantly higher number of @entity1 in the @entity21087 group felt that the current preparation was easier compared with @entity1 in the placebo group (34/72 @entity1 vs 24/74 @entity1 , P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity21087 may be an effective and safe adjunct to @entity970 -electrolyte solution that leads to improved quality of bowel preparation, especially in @entity1 without severe @entity1142 .

title: Efficacy of @entity21087 with XXXX solution for colonoscopy preparation.

entities_list: @entity21087 :: ('MESH:C062720', 'Chemical') :: ['mosapride', 'Mosapride citrate', 'mosapride citrate']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: PURPOSE: One of the components of radiotherapy (RT) in @entity2946 /primitive @entity4969 is the prophylactic irradiation of the whole brain (WBI). With the aim of reducing late neuropsychologic morbidity a CT-scan-based dosimetric study was undertaken in which treatment was confined mainly or exclusively to supratentorial sites considered at high risk for disease recurrence. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A comparative dosimetric study is presented in which a three field (two laterals and one posterior) proton plan (spot scanning method) is compared with a two-field conventional WBI 6 MV x-ray plan, to a 6-field "hand-made" 6 MV x-ray plan, and to a computer-optimized 9-field "inverse" 15 MV x-ray plan. For favorable @entity1 , 30 Gy were delivered to the ventricles and main cisterns, the subfrontal and subtemporal regions, and the posterior fossa. For the unfavorable @entity1 , 10 Gy WBI preceeded a boost to 30 Gy to the same treatment volume chosen for favorable @entity1 . The dose distribution was evaluated with dose-volume histograms to examine the coverage of the targets as well as the dose to the nontarget brain and optical structures. In addition, the risks of radiation-related late neuropsychologic effects after WBI were collected from the literature and used to predict normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCPs) for an intelligence quotient deficit after treatment with photon or proton beams. RESULTS: Proton beams succeeded better in reducing the dose to the brain hemispheres and eye than any of the photon plans. A 25.1% risk of an IQ score <90 was predicted after 30 Gy WBI. Almost a 10% drop in the predicted risk was observed when using proton beams in both favorable and unfavorable @entity1 . However, predicted NTCPs for both optimized photon plans ("hand made" and "inverse") were only slightly higher (0.3-2.5%) than those of proton beams. An age-modifying factor was introduced in the predictive @entity25876 model to assess for IQ differences in relation with age at irradiation. @entity1 with ages between age 4 to 8 benefitted most from the dose reduction in this exercise (similar @entity25876 predictions for both proton and "inverse" plans). CONCLUSION: Modulated proton beams may help to significantly reduce the irradiation of normal brain while optimally treating the supratentorial subsites at higher risk for relapse. A decrease in morbidity can be expected from protons and both optimized proton plans compared to WBI.

title: Potential role of proton therapy in the treatment of XXXX /primitive @entity4969 : reduction of the supratentorial target volume.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumors']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['pediatric medulloblastoma']


abstract: During the past 25 years, the age distribution of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) in the United States has shifted remarkably from younger age to the later decades, ie, in @entity1 over 70 years of age. Elderly @entity1 , although infected many years ago, exhibit a positive tuberculin reaction in only 20% to 25% upon entry into nursing homes. Among members of this infected elderly population, case rates as high as 500 to 1,000 per 100,000 population are found. Endogenous breakdown of older lesions is the common mechanism for the development of the disease. Of the remaining 70% to 80% tuberculin-negative population, 10% are immunoincompetent and die soon upon entry into the nursing home. The remaining 90% of the nonreactors who survive are again susceptible to new @entity281 . The point prevalence of positive tuberculin reactors approximately doubles after more than a 6 months stay at the nursing home. This inadvertent exposure usually occurs in the nursing home due to reactivation of old lesions among old reactors. Although 5% of @entity1 over 65 years of age live in nursing homes, they account for 20% of @entity378 cases. This gives a rate four times greater than the rate among the elderly living at home, or twelve times greater than in @entity1 40 to 60 years of age. In Arkansas, more than 53% of active cases occurred in @entity1 over 65 years of age, who account for only 14% of the population. Diagnosis of @entity378 in the elderly may be considerably delayed or even totally missed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We wished to determine whether treatment of @entity170 with @entity1 parathyroid peptide 1-34 (hPTH 1-34), given as a daily injection with supplementary treatment with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), increases cancellous bone area in the ilium by increasing the size of packets of new bone. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: The width of packets of cancellous bone (wall width) was measured at random intercepts and mean values calculated. Cancellous bone area and perimeter were also measured. Indices of trabecular separation and the @entity652 were derived according to Parfitt's method, as well as trabecular width. @entity1 were used as their own controls and changes in these indices calculated. Correlations were calculated for data obtained from independent measurements. @entity1 : We studied eleven @entity1 with @entity14577 , diagnosed by @entity174 after exclusion of causes of secondary @entity170 . RESULTS: One @entity1 did not comply with her HRT therapy. In the others, treatment with hPTH 1-34 + HRT restored the characteristically depressed pre-treatment values of wall width to normal. Trabecular width increased approximately four times more than wall width. Changes in wall width correlated with changes in cancellous bone area; however, bone area increased considerably more than could be accounted for statistically by changes in wall width. A decrease in trabecular separation was found to account for the additional increase in bone area (P = 0.056). CONCLUSION: hPTH 1-34 + @entity2931 and progestagen therapy increases the width of packets of new cancellous bone with consequent increases in the width of trabecular plates.

title: Treatment of @entity170 with parathyroid peptide (hPTH 1-34) and XXXX : increase in volumetric density of iliac cancellous bone may depend on reduced trabecular spacing as well as increased thickness of packets of newly formed bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'woman', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['post-menopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['complementary quantity trabecular number']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: Right @entity712 from right ventricular (RV) pressure overload is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but its mechanism is incompletely understood. We tested the hypothesis that @entity712 during 4 hours of RV pressure overload is associated with alterations of the focal adhesion protein talin, and that the @entity67 and preserves RV talin. Anesthetized open-chest @entity1707 treated with the calpain inhibitor @entity30211 (n = 20) or inactive vehicle (n = 23) underwent 4 hours of RV pressure overload by pulmonary artery constriction (initial RV systolic pressure, 64    1 and 66    1 mm Hg in @entity30211 and vehicle-treated @entity1707 , respectively). @entity67 was attenuated by @entity30211 : after 4 hours of RV pressure overload, RV systolic pressure was 44    4 mm Hg versus 49    6 mm Hg (P = 0.011), and @entity64 work was 72    5% of baseline versus 90    5% of baseline, (P = 0.027), in vehicle-treated versus @entity30211 -treated @entity1707 , respectively. @entity30211 reduced the incidence of @entity1344 ( @entity204 or systolic blood pressure of < 85 mm Hg) by 46% (P = 0.013). RV pressure overload disrupted talin organization. @entity30211 preserved talin abundance in the RV free wall (P = 0.039), and talin abundance correlated with the maintenance of RV free @entity64 work (r = 0.58, P = 0.0039). a-actinin and @entity37027 showed similar changes according to immunohistology. Right @entity712 from acute RV pressure overload is associated with reduced talin abundance and disrupted talin organization. Calpain inhibition preserves the abundance and organization of talin and RV function. Calpain inhibition may offer clinical utility in treating @entity3618 .

title: Calpain inhibition preserves talin and attenuates XXXX in acute pulmonary hypertension.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['wall stroke', 'RV stroke']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['acute cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of calpain attenuates RV dysfunction', 'Progressive RV contractile dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['right heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess performance of the Western Australian Liver Transplantation Service in the light of debate about whether small transplant centres can produce optimal outcomes. DESIGN: Review of @entity1 data collected prospectively and confirmed by retrospective casenote review. SUBJECTS: All @entity1 referred to the Western Australian Liver Transplantation Assessment Panel. Those who underwent transplantation at the Western Australian Liver Transplantation Service (to June 1996) were compared with those referred to other transplant centres before the elective service was established in July 1994. OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers of referrals and transplants; characteristics of the transplantation procedure; and @entity1 outcomes. RESULTS: Annual referrals for liver transplant in @entity8928 ( @entity8928 ) increased from 12 (1985-1993) to 41 (July 1994-June 1996), with five deaths on the "activated" list before July 1994, but none after. To June 1996, 30 @entity1 had received 31 transplants by the Western Australian Liver Transplantation Service (two emergency transplants in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and 28 elective transplants and one retransplant after June 1994), with median operation time of 5.5 hours (range, 3-10.5), median red cell transfusion of 4 units (range, 0-55) and median hospital stay of 24 days (range, 12-128). There was no severe primary @entity813 . Major complications included @entity715 or @entity850 (5 @entity1 , one requiring retransplant), biliary stricture not associated with hepatic artery pathology, @entity1157 and @entity20513 (4 each), and @entity2803 (3). @entity1 survival was 83% and graft survival 81% at a mean follow-up of 13 months, compared with 86% and 83%, respectively, at one year for @entity8928 @entity1 who received transplants elsewhere before July 1994. CONCLUSIONS: Performance of the Western Australian Liver Transplantation Service compares favourably with national and international standards, and @entity8928 @entity1 receiving liver transplants have increased dramatically since the service was established. This supports the viability of committed liver transplantation centres with only 10-15 @entity1 a year and argues the need for nationally decentralised services.

title: Liver transplantation in XXXX : improved services to an isolated population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity8928 :: ('MESH:D020241', 'Disease') :: ['Western Australia', 'WA']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity20513 :: ('MESH:C537936', 'Disease') :: ['perihepatic abscess']

answer: @entity8928 :: (MESH:D020241,Disease) :: ['Western Australia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze our experience using nasal turbinate and @entity2419 mucosal grafts as shared buttress grafts between the upper and lower eyelid for reconstruction in severe @entity4548 . SURGICAL TECHNIQUES: A horizontal tarsectomy is performed in the upper and lower eyelid approximately 2 mm posterior to the gray line. The distal tarsal segments are then dissected and rotated 180 degrees. A graft of nasal turbinate mucosa or @entity2419 mucosa measuring 1.5 x 3 cm is harvested. The graft is sutured to the cut edge of tarsus in the upper and lower eyelid. The rotated distal tarsal segment is stabilized against the graft using 5 mattress sutures. After 3 weeks, the graft is split by sharp dissection between the upper and lower eyelids. METHODS: The medical records of 12 consecutive @entity1 , representing 15 shared buttress grafts, were reviewed. There were 5 @entity2419 and 10 nasal turbinate mucosal grafts placed. Follow-up ranged from 2 months to 7 years. RESULTS: The amount of corneal stipple, as well as subjective @entity1 comfort, improved after eyelid margin reconstruction in 12 of the 15 eyes. One @entity1 's visual acuity improved by more than 2 lines after surgery. There were no cases of failure of graft survival and no complications directly related to the shared graft technique. Recurrent entropion and @entity5055 were noted in 3 eyelids more than a year after graft placement, reflecting ongoing cicatrization in these eyelids. Hard palate mucosal grafts were @entity146 to the corneal surface, requiring removal of the epithelium using a @entity11710 burr and bandage contact lens wear. Nasal turbinate mucosal grafts were better tolerated by the corneal surface and had the added benefit of mucous production. CONCLUSIONS: Eyelid reconstruction using nasal turbinate and @entity2419 mucosal tissues as a shared buttress graft is a viable treatment option for @entity1 with severe @entity4548 . Resolution of @entity5055 and @entity2687 was noted in 13 (86%) of 15 @entity1 with no specific complications related to the technique. The shared buttress technique successfully autostents the healing eyelid margins, makes good use of the large turbinate mucosal graft, and minimizes trips to the operating room. When the mechanical requirements of eyelid margin reconstruction do not require the sturdiness of @entity2419 mucosa, nasal turbinate mucosa is a preferable graft tissue because it is better tolerated by the corneal surface and produces mucous.

title: Management of severe XXXX using shared mucosal grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritating']

entities_list: @entity4548 :: ('MESH:D004774', 'Disease') :: ['cicatricial entropion']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical corneal abrasion']

entities_list: @entity5055 :: ('MESH:D058457', 'Disease') :: ['trichiasis']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['hard palate']

answer: @entity4548 :: (MESH:D004774,Disease) :: ['cicatricial entropion']


abstract: A 35-year-old @entity1 with @entity1264 and @entity3792 had @entity451 . She had a history of @entity2742 due to a @entity3243 which had been excised 4 years previously. Plain radiographs of the spine revealed @entity3792 from the third to sixth thoracic vertebrae. @entity1513 and @entity1635 angles were 86 degrees and 28 degrees, respectively. Radiographs of the skull and hands showed radiological changes suggestive of @entity2742 . Laboratory tests showed low-normal serum @entity460 , @entity5886 , elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, and low serum @entity14257 . Retrospective review of the @entity1 's laboratory data showed that she had @entity4772 at the time of diagnosis of @entity459 . The @entity1 had been treated by anterior and posterior decompression and fusion with posterior instrumentation through a single posterior approach. The @entity86 and @entity1635 angles were 30 degrees and 12 degrees, respectively. Neurological recovery and spinal fusion had been achieved. @entity4772 responded well to @entity560 therapy. This is the first case of coexisting @entity1264 , @entity459 due to @entity3243 and @entity4772 to be reported in the literature. The @entity4772 in this @entity1 could be related to @entity459 , and not to @entity1264 . A drop in @entity2493 level after parathyroidectomy may have been the cause of spinal curvature progression in this @entity1 .

title: The association of XXXX and spinal deformity with @entity459 and @entity4772 : might @entity2493 have a role?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomalacia', 'osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis 1']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphoscoliosis', 'kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1264 :: (MESH:D009456,Disease) :: ['neurofibromatosis 1']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of @entity1082 ) @entity43 samples from Serbian @entity1 and correlate them with clinicopathological characteristics of disease and @entity1 ' characteristics. METHODS: Fifty-four @entity43 @entity1 were included in the study. DNA was isolated by salting out method from tumor tissue obtained after surgical treatment. Presence of @entity1083 was detected through polymerase chain reaction amplification of a 150-bp fragment of L1 viral gene by @entity10314 + primers. HPV genotyping was performed by DNA sequencing. RESULTS: HPV DNA was present in 4/54 (7.4  %) @entity43 . All @entity5 contained high-risk @entity1799 type. @entity1083 was more common in advanced opposite to localized disease. The median age of diagnosis of disease varied from 57  years for @entity1 with @entity1083 to 59  years for @entity1 without @entity1083 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that @entity1083 may play a limited @entity43 .

title: Detection and genotyping of @entity1 papillomaviruses and their role in the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian carcinomas', 'infection in ovarian carcinoma', 'role in ovarian carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-positive tumors']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinomas']


abstract: One hundred fifty-seven premenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 were prospectively randomized to treatment consisting of oophorectomy + @entity1891 , @entity229 , @entity786 , @entity1499 , @entity1487 (VPCMF) ( @entity16127 . I) or oophorectomy + @entity786 ( @entity16127 . II) or oophorectomy followed by an observation period (Phase 1), followed by VPCMF (Phase 2) ( @entity16127 . III). Complete plus partial response rates were 72% on @entity16127 . I, 65% on @entity16127 . II, 18% on @entity16127 . III, Phase 1 and 50% on @entity16127 . III, Phase 2. Median duration of response for @entity16127 . I was 17 months, for @entity16127 . II 16 months, and for Phase 1 and Phase 2 of @entity16127 . III, respectively, 5 months and 8 months. The response rate for @entity1 treated with oophorectomy plus chemotherapy is significantly higher than the response rate achieved with oophorectomy alone as first treatment following the appearance of @entity3 in premenopausal @entity1 .

title: Improved remission rates and remission duration in young XXXX with @entity0 following combined oophorectomy and chemotherapy: a study of Cancer and Leukemia Groupe B.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: As the first step toward understanding the identity and functions of thymic macrophages in situ, we examined the phenotypic heterogeneity of @entity19 thymic macrophages in tissue sections by the immunohistochemical double staining method with four monoclonal antibodies ( @entity11496 , @entity9675 , anti- @entity29003 /16 and anti-I-A antibodies) as macrophage markers. Morphologically, three types of macrophages were identified: dendritic, round and flat-shaped. @entity15835 were scattered throughout the thymus, and most of them were stained by all four markers. Among these macrophages, those at the cortico-medullary region (CMR) expressed a high intensity of @entity29003 /16 antigen. Round macrophages were also distributed throughout the thymus; most of them, however, were localized in the cortico-medullary region to the medulla. These cells were @entity11496 -negative, @entity9675 -positive, @entity29003 /16-negative and I-A-positive. In contrast, round macrophages located at the cortex expressed @entity11496 . Flat-shaped macrophages were localized at the subcapsular region of the cortex where active lymphopoiesis was observed. This type was positive for @entity11496 and @entity29002 , but negative for @entity9675 . Furthermore, most of the three types of thymic macrophages showed intense reactions of the I-A antigen within the cytoplasm in addition to the expression of I-A antigen on the cell membrane. These results indicate that morphological characteristics of thymic macrophages at different locations reflect phenotypic variations detected in immunohistochemistry, and suggest that these different type macrophages may play distinct roles at various locations in thymocyte development in the thymus.

title: Heterogeneity of XXXX thymic macrophages: I. Immunohistochemical analysis.

entities_list: @entity15835 :: ('MESH:D055501', 'Disease') :: ['Dendritic macrophages']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The computed tomography (CT) appearances of intussusception in 14 @entity1 and the clinical follow-up of this condition in 17 adults with known primary @entity5 were retrospectively reviewed. The ages of the 11 @entity1 and six @entity1 ranged from 25 to 83 years. Nine @entity1 had been treated for malignant @entity320 and the others for various primary @entity5 . Intussusception on CT was characterized by thickening of the affected bowel segment in all 14 @entity1 and by the presence of intraluminal fat density material in 13, a concentric ring or "target" lesion in four, and an intra-luminal soft-tissue mass in nine. Five @entity1 had intussusception, without other evidence of disease, caused by metastases in three @entity1 , @entity362 in one and idiopathic in one. Eleven of the other 12 @entity1 had @entity66 , and one had small bowel @entity2803 . Five of these @entity1 had more than one site of bowel involvement. Ten of the 12 @entity1 had progression of disease on follow-up CT examinations and six died between 26 days and 7 months after diagnosis of intussusception. Intussusception may occur as the first indication of @entity5 recurrence or @entity3 , but is more commonly a manifestation of @entity66 . However, even in @entity1 with @entity5 , it may be idiopathic or a result of @entity5 .

title: The computed tomographic appearances and clinical significance of intussusception in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease', 'widespread disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'benign neoplasm', 'malignant neoplasms', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant neoplasms']


abstract: PURPOSE: Integration of numerous prognostic variables not included in the conventional staging of @entity242 ( @entity242 ) is essential in providing effective treatment. The purpose of this study was to build a specific nomogram for predicting postoperative @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) in @entity1 with primary @entity242 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Data registered in three institutional prospective @entity242 databases were used. We included @entity1 with primary localized @entity242 resected between 1999 and 2009. Univariate (Kaplan and Meier plots) and multivariate (Cox model) analyses were carried out. The a priori chosen prognostic covariates were age, @entity5 size, grade, histologic subtype, multifocality, quality of surgery, and radiation therapy. External validation was performed by applying the nomograms to the @entity1 of an external cohort. The model's discriminative ability was estimated by means of the bootstrap-corrected Harrell C statistic. RESULTS: In all, 523 @entity1 were identified at the three institutions (developing set). At a median follow-up of 45 months (interquartile range, 22 to 72 months), 171 deaths were recorded. Five- and 7-year @entity1349 rates were 56.8% (95% CI, 51.4% to 62.6%) and 46.7% (95% CI, 39.9% to 54.6%. Two hundred twenty-one @entity1 had disease recurrence. Five- and 7-year DFS rates were 39.4% (95% CI, 34.5% to 45.0%) and 35.7% (95% CI, 30.3% to 42.1%). The validation set consisted of 135 @entity1 who were identified at the fourth institution for external validation. The bootstrap-corrected Harrell C statistics for @entity1349 and DFS were 0.74 and 0.71 in the developing set and 0.68 and 0.69 in the validating set. CONCLUSION: These nomograms accurately predict @entity1349 and DFS. They should be used for @entity1 counseling in clinical practice and stratification in clinical trials.

title: Outcome prediction in primary resected retroperitoneal soft tissue XXXX : histology-specific @entity1349 and disease-free survival nomograms built on major @entity242 center data sets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas', 'sarcoma', 'RPS']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Determination of the appropriate treatment of unstable @entity3029 is difficult and a topic of ongoing discussion. The aim of this study was to analyse the outcome and complications after surgery and conservative treatment, with special focus on post-traumatic joint laxity. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 118 consecutive @entity1 with @entity3029 underwent stability testing by fluoroscopy after joint reduction and were assigned to groups 1 (slight), 2 (moderate) or 3 (gross) depending on post-traumatic joint laxity. All @entity1 of group 1 underwent conservative treatment, and of group 3 primary ligament repair. In @entity1 with moderate @entity14884 , the treatment was decided individually. All @entity1 underwent a similar functional rehabilitation programme during treatment. Clinical outcome was determined after an average of 3.4      1.5  years using the @entity14228 ( @entity14228 ), and treatment-associated complications and revisions were recorded. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 (41.5  %) were assigned to group 1, 41 @entity1 (34.7  %) to group 2 and 28 @entity1 (23.7  %) to group 3. In group 2, 22 @entity1 underwent ligament repair, while 19 @entity1 were treated conservatively. On average, an excellent @entity14228 was achieved in group 1 after conservative treatment ( @entity14228 95.8      9.0), similar to results after ligament repair of grossly unstable elbows in group 3 (91.6      11.7). Interestingly, in group 2 conservative treatment was associated with a slightly lower @entity14228 (90.0 vs. 95.7), and significantly fewer @entity1 achieved an excellent @entity14228 (81.8 vs. 52.6  %, p  =  0.045). Similarly, conservative treatment in group 2 was associated with a fivefold to sixfold risk of complications (p  =  0.032) and revision surgery (p  =  0.023). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the notion that @entity1 with slight @entity14884 can be treated non-operatively, while primary surgical treatment should be performed in @entity1 with moderate and gross laxity to avoid post-traumatic sequelae and decrease revision rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective Cohort Study, Level III.

title: Unstable XXXX : medium-term results after non-surgical and surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14884 :: ('MESH:D007593', 'Disease') :: ['elbow laxity']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['Mayo Elbow Performance Score', 'MEPS']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['simple elbow dislocations']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['simple elbow dislocations']


abstract: Encouraged by an experience with endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, an endoscopic transsphenoidal technique was applied in a @entity1 with a large @entity3580 in the posterior fossa. The @entity1 was a 40-year-old @entity1 with a two-year history of progressive @entity2055 , a @entity2414 and @entity1344 . A magnetic resonance (MR) scan of the brain revealed a midline posterior fossa mass measuring 4 cm in diameter located between the clivus and the brainstem. The basilar artery and its bifurcation were encased by the @entity5 and the brainstem was also distorted by the @entity5 . Obstructive @entity1276 was treated previously with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and fractionated external beam radiation treatment was given without histological diagnosis at another hospital. Subtotal resection of the @entity5 was achieved utilizing an endoscopic transphenoidal technique through the @entity1 's nostril. The portion of the @entity5 located behind the basilar artery was not resected in order to protect the brainstem perforating arteries. The @entity1 showed dramatic improvement of his symptoms postoperatively. @entity41 located behind the basilar artery was treated by stereotactic gamma-knife surgery. This is the first reported case of a large posterior fossa @entity3580 being treated by an endoscopic transsphenoidal technique.

title: Endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of a large XXXX in the posterior fossa.

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['Residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['emotional instability']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disorder']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) is a potent neurotoxin that has been identified in a range of phylogenetically unrelated marine and terrestrial organisms. @entity1022 was recently detected in New Zealand in Pleurobranchaea maculata (the grey side-gilled sea slug). From June 2010 to June 2011 wild specimens were collected from 10 locations around New Zealand. At one site (Narrow Neck Beach, Auckland) up to 10 individuals were collected monthly for 6 months. Attempts were also made to rear P. maculata in captivity. @entity1022 was detected in samples from eight of the ten sites. The highest average (368.7 mg kg     ) and maximum (1414.0 mg kg     ) concentrations were measured in samples from Illiomama Rock (Auckland). Of the toxic populations tested there was significant variability in @entity4524 concentrations among individuals, with the highest difference (62 fold) measured at Illiomama Rock. @entity1022 concentrations in samples from Narrow Neck Beach varied temporally, ranging from an average of 184 mg kg      in June 2010 to 17.5 mg kg      by December 2010. There was no correlation between @entity4524 levels and mass. The highest levels correspond with the egg laying season (June-August) and this, in concert with the detection of high levels of @entity4524 in eggs and early larval stages, suggests that @entity4524 may have a defensive function in P. maculata. Only one larva was successfully reared to full maturation and no @entity4524 was detected.

title: XXXX concentrations in Pleurobranchaea maculata: temporal, spatial and individual variability from New Zealand populations.

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrodotoxin']

answer: @entity1022 :: (MESH:D013779,Chemical) :: ['Tetrodotoxin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Acute exacerbations of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) sometimes appear to occur without a precipitating cause. Heterogeneous repolarization and @entity943 occur in @entity1030 @entity1 . Given the close inter-relation between heart and lung, we hypothesized that unrecognized @entity943 might be precipitants of acute exacerbations. METHODS: Electrocardiograms (ECG) of thirty @entity1 during acute exacerbations were compared with ECG during stable phase. P wave dispersion was used to assess atrial depolarization heterogeneity, and dispersion of QT interval to assess ventricular repolarization. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Frequent exacerbations were defined as two or more exacerbations in a year. RESULTS: Mean age of @entity1 was 70.3    11.8 SD years. P wave dispersion was greater during acute exacerbation than during stable phase (56.7    19.2 vs 47.7    15.9 ms, p = 0.009). There was a trend toward greater QTc dispersion (108.3    61.7 vs 90.3    47.0 ms, p = 0.13) in acute exacerbation compared to stable phase. Sixteen (53%) had frequent exacerbations. There was a significant difference in PR interval during stable phase between those with frequent exacerbations and those without (163.9 + 17.4 vs. 145.1 + 22.8; p = 0.02). The P wave dispersion during stable phase was greater in those with frequent exacerbations, but did not reach statistical significance (52.6 + 18.8 vs. 42.2 + 9.8 ms; p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: P wave dispersion is more in the acute phase than in stable phase, and is greater in @entity1 with more frequent exacerbations. This does not prove, but suggests an intriguing possibility that P wave dispersion predates acute exacerbations. This might be a new target for prediction, prevention and therapy of acute exacerbations of @entity1030 .

title: XXXX as trigger for acute exacerbations of @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Arrhythmias']


abstract: @entity1092 is an effective anticonvulsant. Although it is usually well tolerated, it has been associated with many neurological, hematopoietic, hepatic, and digestive system side effects. Among these side effects, @entity3263 without clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatotoxicity is rare and is an important clinical consideration. The aim of this article was to evaluate the reasons for the unexpected symptoms observed in seven @entity1 with @entity302 @entity1 during @entity1092 treatment. We evaluated seven adult @entity1 with localization-related @entity302 who presented with different acute or subacute @entity16 related to @entity1092 -induced hyperammonemic @entity75 . Four of the seven @entity1 had acute onset of @entity911 , decline in cognitive abilities, and @entity2055 . Two had subacute clinical symptoms, and the other @entity1 had symptoms similar to those of acute @entity137 . These unusual clinical symptoms and similar cases had not been reported in the literature before. Serum ammonia levels were elevated in all seven @entity1 . After discontinuation of @entity1092 , complete clinical improvement was observed within 5-10 days. On the basis of our work, we suggest that the @entity3265 levels of a @entity1 who has new @entity16 and has been taking @entity1092 must be checked. Clinicians should be aware that these clinical symptoms may be related to @entity1092 -induced hyperammonemic @entity75 . The symptoms have been observed to resolve dramatically after withdrawal of the drug.

title: Different clinical manifestations of hyperammonemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate', 'Valproate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperammonemia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: A multidisciplinary model is a useful approach in the management of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) to coordinate, individualize, and optimize care. The @entity157 Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) at Temple University Hospital was established in 2008 and comprises hepatologists, interventional radiologists, transplant surgeons, oncologists, residents, midlevel providers, and support staff. @entity1 may be enrolled by referral from (1) oncologists at Temple, (2) the @entity99 screening clinic recently established at Temple and staffed by hepatology residents, or (3) community practices. MDT conferences are held weekly, during which cases are discussed (based on medical history, interpretation of images, and laboratory analyses) and treatment plans are formulated. The Temple treatment algorithm follows current standards of care, guided by @entity5 volume and morphology, but the novel multidisciplinary interaction challenges members to tailor therapy to achieve the best possible outcomes. @entity1 with a solitary lesion  <= 2 cm may receive no treatment until eligible for transplantation or locoregional therapy or resection, with imaging every 3 to 6 months to monitor @entity5 progression. In @entity1 with @entity5 > 2 cm and  <= 5 cm, microwave ablation therapy is used if lesions are discrete and accessible. Conventional transarterial chemoembolization ( @entity3375 ) or drug-eluting bead @entity3375 (DEB- @entity3375 ) or yttrium-90 microspheres are utilized in @entity66 . @entity1 with lesions > 5 cm are candidates for @entity3375 for downstaging the @entity5 . @entity2857 is typically reserved for unresectable lesions between 2 cm and 5 cm. Frequently, we administer @entity2857 continuously and in combination with @entity16905 - @entity3375 . In our experience, @entity2857 does not produce effects on the @entity5 vasculature or blood flow that would impair the efficacy of @entity3375 . The literature documents improved outcomes in @entity5 associated with the introduction of multidisciplinary care. The role and organization of the MDT is influenced by team culture, expertise, and process, as well as institutional and larger environmental contexts.

title: Multidisciplinary management of XXXX : a model for therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'HCC and other cancers']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This clinical study was conducted to evaluate factors affecting outcome in the cases following major @entity397 (MIOR) of the @entity438 . METHODS: Thirty cases with MIOR in a series of 467 surgeries for @entity1756 were enrolled in this study. Clinical parameters, including: age, Hunt-Hess grading, Fisher grading, @entity439 size, @entity439 contour, operative timing, @entity439 location, and @entity397 timing were studied and compared with the prognosis in this particular cohort. The outcome was evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at least 3 months after surgery. Severe disability, vegetative survival, and @entity204 were classified as poor outcome. RESULTS: Among the 30 cases with MIOR, 11 resulted in poor outcomes (36.7%). Age was an important prognostic factor in this cohort. Those @entity1 with poor outcome after MIOR were significantly older than those with good outcome (mean age: 64.6 vs 51.4 years, P=0.006). In this study, a trend toward poor outcome was observed in cases with MIOR on internal carotid @entity438 (8/14, 57.1% vs 2/9, 22.2% and 1/6, 16.7% on middle cerebral artery and anterior communicating @entity438 , P=0.197, after adjustment for age factor). There was a higher incidence of a poor outcome when MIOR occurred during clip application (5/6, 83.3% vs 1/5, 20.0% and 5/19, 26.3% when MIOR happened during brain retraction and @entity439 dissection, P=0.041 after adjustment with the factor of age). CONCLUSION: Although a larger sample population is required for a more conclusive result, MIOR occuring in older age, during clip application, or on an internal carotid artery @entity439 possibly has the trend to bear a worse outcome in the cohort of @entity1 with MIOR during @entity439 surgery.

title: Factors associated with poor outcome in XXXX with major @entity397 of @entity438 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'intraoperative rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One major problem of using hypercholesterolaemia alone as a primary criterion for diagnosing @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) is that 15-40% of relatives may be misdiagnosed because plasma lipid levels in @entity4310 heterozygotes overlap with those in the general population. SETTING: General Hospital/University of Vienna, Department of Pediatrics, Outpatient lipid clinic. METHODS: As a part of the MED-PED (make early diagnosis-prevent @entity204 ) project we are currently investigating @entity1 , adolescents and their relatives who are suspected to be affected with @entity4310 in our out- @entity1 clinic for @entity209 using MED-PED inclusion criteria and confirming the diagnosis by means of DNA analysis. @entity1 : 263 @entity1 with @entity731 and/or hypercholesterolaemia: 116 @entity1 (mean age 11.6 +/- 4.1 years; 57 @entity1 and 59 @entity1 ) and 147 adults (64 @entity1 , mean age 41.5 +/- 13.7 years; 83 @entity1 , mean age 42.8 +/- 10.8 years). RESULTS: 119 @entity1 with mutations have been detected; 56 @entity1 with either @entity754 ( @entity754 ) and/or @entity755 mutations (27 @entity1 and 29 @entity1 ; mean total @entity165 (TC) 275 +/- 71 mg/dl, @entity1674 (TG) 101 +/- 57 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) 49 +/- 12 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) 198 +/- 67 mg/dl) and one @entity1 with a homozygous. @entity754 mutation. A further 62 adults with @entity754 and/or @entity755 mutations were documented; 33 @entity1 (mean age 36.9 +/- 11.1 years; mean TC 283 +/- 76 mg/dl, TG 137 +/- 78 mg/dl, HDL-C 55 +/- 17 mg/dl, LDL-C 210 +/- 67 mg/dl) and 29 @entity1 (mean age 45.0 +/- 10.6 years; mean TC 301 +/- 87 mg/dl, TG 163 +/- 112 mg/dl, HDL-C 42 +/- 12 mg/dl, LDL-C 233 +/- 83 mg/dl). In 32 of these subjects (11 @entity1 (21%), 21 adults (42%)), serum lipid levels were lower than the diagnostic MED-PED limits adopted, so that they might have been misclassified without an additional DNA analysis. CONCLUSION: In our study, diagnosis of @entity74 ( @entity755 defect) by means of conventional laboratory methods missed at least 21% in @entity1 and 42% in adults affected with @entity754 and/or @entity755 gene mutations. Genetic @entity4310 diagnosis provides a tool for specific diagnosis of mutation carrier status.

title: Diagnosis of families with @entity4310 and/or XXXX defect by means of DNA analysis of @entity754 gene mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'girls', 'women', 'children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'boy', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['low density lipoprotein receptor', 'LDLR']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['FH and related disorders']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'familial hypercholesterolaemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['premature atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity755 :: (338,Gene) :: ['Apo B-100']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Following resection for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), @entity1 are usually admitted to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)for a few hours before admission to a general ward (GW). However, some @entity1 need ICU-admission, either immediately post-surgery or from the PACU or GW. The aim of this study was to investigate the indications and risk factors for ICU-admission. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 252 @entity1 who underwent lobectomy, wedge resection or segmentectomy for @entity1149 in Iceland during 2001-2010. Data was retrieved from medical records and @entity1 admitted to the ICU compared to @entity1 not admitted. RESULTS: Altogether 21 @entity1 (8%) were admitted to the ICU, median length-of-stay being one day (range 1-68). In 11 cases (52%) the reasons for admission were intraoperative problems, usually @entity551 or excessive @entity548 . Ten @entity1 were admitted from the GW (n=4) or PACU (n=6), due to @entity551 (n=4), heart and/or @entity1576 (n=4) and reoperation for @entity548 (n=2). There were three ICU-readmissions. @entity1 admitted to the ICU were six years older (p=0.004) and more often had @entity1030 . Tumor size, pTNM-stage, length of operation and the ratio of @entity1 receiving @entity1041 (thoracic epidural anaesthesia) were similar between groups. Over two-thirds of the ICU- @entity1 had minor complications and around half had major complications, compared to 30% and 4%, respectively, for controls. CONCLUSION: ICU-admissions are infrequent following non-pneumonectomy lung resections for @entity1149 , these @entity1 being older with cardiopulmonary comorbidities. In half of the cases, admission to the ICU directly follows surgery and ICU-readmissions are few.

title: [Intensive care unit admissions following lobectomy or sublobar resections for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We vigorously reviewed @entity1 ' operation record who had adhesion of the Denonvilliers' fascia and found out most of these @entity1 had @entity1069 after prostatic gland biopsies. We examined the magnitude of @entity1069 and frequency after biopsies and the relationship with oncological outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 285 @entity1 were selected for the final analyses. Inclusion criteria were as follows: receiving MRI three weeks after biopsiesand laparoscopic radical prostatectomy within 300 days after biopsy. We divided the @entity1 into two groups with (group A) or without (group B) @entity1069 . We examined the magnitude of @entity1069 after biopsies and the relationship with operation time (OT), positive surgical margin (PSM), biochemical recurrence (BCR) and other factors. Furthermore, we created a logistic-regression model to derive a propensity score for @entity1069 after biopsies, which included all @entity1 and hospital characteristics as well as selected interaction terms, and we examined the relationship with PSM and BCR. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , the OT in the group B was shorter than the group A (p < 0.001). @entity1069 was associated with PSM (p=0.000) and BCR (p=0.036). In this propensity-matched cohort, 11 of 116 @entity1 in the group B had PSM as compared with 36 of 116 @entity1 from group A (match-adjusted odds ratio, 4.30; 95%CI confidence interval, 2.06 to 8.96; P=0.000). In addition, eight of 116 @entity1 in group B encountered BCR, as compared with 18 of 116 @entity1 in group A (match-adjusted odds ratio, 2.48; 95%CI, 1.03 to 5.96; P=0.042). Kaplan-Meier analysis in the propensity matching cohort showed a significant biochemical recurrence-free survival advantage for being free of @entity1069 after biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in the present cohort should help equip surgeons to pay attention to careful excision especially for those who experienced deferred @entity1069 .

title: XXXX after Prostatic Biopsy Effects Oncological Outcomes with Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic bleeding', 'prostate bleeding', 'Prostatic bleeding']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['Prostatic Bleeding']


abstract: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures predict cause-specific mortality, but few studies have explored whether generic self-reported HRQOL measures are independently associated with mortality in community-dwelling older @entity1 . We postulated that a general measure of HRQOL, the short form 36-item questionnaire (SF-36), would be independently predictive of mortality among community-dwelling older @entity1 . To evaluate this hypothesis, we followed a fixed cohort of 4,424 community-dwelling older @entity1 recruited from a 2000 population-based survey in Taiwan until 2003 and investigated whether HRQOL was predictive of 3-year mortality, even after adjusting for traditional clinical risk variables. The data were collected via a door-to-door survey, and interviewers collected information on the subjects' demographics, medical history, utilization of health services, functional ability, falls, and self-reported physical and mental symptoms. Of the 6053 eligible subjects, 4,424 residents agreed to participate in the baseline survey and were contacted in 2003. During the 3-year period, the 3-year cumulative mortality rate for the study population was 5%. Mortality was significantly higher among males (5.57% vs. 4.27%, p = 0.049), and cumulative mortality increased with age (chi (2)-test for trend; chi (2) = 7.734, p = 0.001). For all scales except @entity158 , there was a significant relationship between a 10-point lower baseline score and mortality. Our primary multivariate risk model, which included two summary measures of HRQOL and significant clinical variables, demonstrated that a 10-point decrease in either the baseline @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ) score or the baseline @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) score was associated with higher mortality ( @entity2483 : RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.39-1.83; p < 0.001; @entity1032 : RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.34; p = 0.036). The findings suggested that low baseline @entity2483 and @entity1032 scores were important independent risk factors for 3-year mortality among community-dwelling older @entity1 , even after adjusting for other risk factors.

title: Health-related quality of life as a predictor of mortality among community-dwelling older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['PCS', 'Physical Component Summary']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bodily pain']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MCS', 'Mental Component Summary']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: In this investigation the resting gastrocnemius muscle blood flow of the anaesthetized @entity35 was evaluated using a recently developed laser Doppler flowmeter and the xenon-133 clearance technique. The perfusion of the microvasculature of the muscle was measured in normal control @entity35 and in animals in which the supplying femoral artery had been acutely (1 h-1 week) or chronically (8-12 weeks) ligated. The laser Doppler flowmeter allowed continuous measurements of the muscle perfusion. Such measurements revealed a rhythmic fluctuation in the perfusion of the gastrocnemius muscle. The xenon-133 clearance technique did not allow continuous recording of muscle blood flow and rhythmical flow changes could not be observed. Acute ligation of the femoral artery reduced the mean muscle perfusion by 41% and 52% when assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry and xenon-133 clearance respectively. In comparison to animals without femoral artery ligation the hyperaemic response, following release of a tourniquet around the thigh or of an abdominal @entity432 , was markedly attenuated. Chronic ligation of the femoral artery reduced the mean muscle perfusion by 33% and 32% when assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry and xenon-133 clearance respectively. In these animals the hyperaemia, following tourniquet-induced @entity121 , was reduced, compared to normal animals, but was more pronounced than observed in acutely ligated animals. In the chronically ligated animals abdominal @entity432 did not produce sustained @entity121 and consequently no hyperaemic response was observed upon release of the @entity432 . We conclude that, as judged by the comparability of the results obtained using xenon-133 clearance, the laser Doppler flowmeter is a useful and sensitive new tool for the examination of the perfusion of tissue blood flow. The results suggest that chronic ligation of the @entity35 femoral artery induces circulatory changes which mimic those seen in claudicants.

title: The effect of acute and chronic femoral artery ligation on the blood flow through the gastrocnemius muscle of the XXXX examined using laser Doppler flowmetry and xenon-133 clearance.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortic occlusion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']