abstract: We report the first case of an adult presenting with respiratory symptoms caused by hepatic hydrothorax secondary to @entity904 intoxication. The @entity1 was a 52-year-old @entity1 who presented to the hospital with progressive @entity1353 . Evaluation demonstrated mild elevation of her liver function tests, ascites, and a right @entity1143 . The @entity1 consumed a variety of vitamins, including @entity904 . Her estimated @entity904 intake was at least 162,300,000 international units (IU) during 18 years. She dramatically escalated her dose the year before admission for a total acute dose of 98,550,000 IU, with a daily intake of 270,000 IU. The recommended daily allowance is 4,000 IU. A transjugular liver biopsy revealed histopathologic changes consistent with @entity904 @entity137 : @entity1184 and @entity1373 of hepatic stellate cells, focal pericellular @entity82 , mild perivenular @entity82 , and minimal, predominantly @entity1560 . Despite the absence of @entity82 , pressure readings demonstrated portal @entity101 . During her hospitalization, the @entity1 's symptoms and biochemical profile improved. As the large and generally unregulated United States dietary supplement industry continues to grow, it is increasingly likely that individuals will present with the signs and symptoms of @entity15248 . Physicians need to remain alert to the varied presentations and toxic manifestations of excessive vitamin use.

title: Hepatic hydrothorax associated with @entity904 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity15248 :: ('MESH:D001361', 'Disease') :: ['vitamin excess rather than vitamin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['microvesicular steatosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report the outcomes of a multimodality treatment approach combining maximal surgical resection and intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOERT) with or without external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in @entity1 with locoregionally (LR) recurrent @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) after radical nephrectomy or LR advanced primary @entity1358 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1983 to 2008, 25 @entity1 with LR recurrent (n = 10) or LR advanced primary (n = 15) @entity1358 were treated with this approach. Median @entity1 age was 60 years (range, 16-79 years). Fifteen @entity1 (60%) received perioperative EBRT (median dose, 44 Gy). Surgical resection was R0 (negative margins) in 6 @entity1 (24%) and R1 (residual microscopic disease) in 19 @entity1 (76%). The median dose of IOERT was 14 Gy (range, 9-15). @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and relapse patterns were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Median follow-up for surviving @entity1 was 22.2 years (range, 3.6-26 years). @entity1349 and DFS at 5 and 10 years were 38% and 18% and 19% and 14%, respectively. LR control ( @entity5 bed or regional lymph nodes) and distant metastases-free survival rates at 5 years were 80% and 22%, respectively. The death rate within 30 days of surgery and IOERT was 4% (n = 1). Six @entity1 (24%) experienced acute or late toxicities of grade 3 or higher according to the National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria (NCI-CTCAE) v4. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with LR recurrent or LR advanced primary @entity1358 , a multimodality approach consisting of maximal surgical resection and IOERT with or without adjuvant EBRT yielded encouraging local control results, justifying further evaluation.

title: Intraoperative EBRT and resection for XXXX : twenty-year outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: This article reports on a pilot study to develop and implement a Care Pathway framework for @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and their carers, to facilitate more comprehensive and integrated health and social care, with a streamlining of the transfer of core information around the system. The pathway is user-led, conceptualising the user/carer as the 'communications centre', resourced and supported in the management of their situation by the professionals to achieve their own integrated package of care. The Care Pathway tools, comprising of a local information pack, a Problems/Needs form, a Clinic Summary and a service record sheet, were designed by a working party consisting of service providers, a service user and carer and the researchers. The use of the framework was evaluated by following the progress of a convenience sample of 22 @entity1 with @entity191 over a 12-month period. Beginning and end-point data on @entity1 characteristics, social circumstances, severity of illness, and recent/current use of services were collected. The separate tools and the contribution of the framework to the management of the illness were evaluated through semi-structured interviews with @entity1 and their carers and focused interviews with the participating neurologist and specialist nurse, conducted at the end of the 12-month period. @entity1 ' situations showed very little change overall. The @entity1 with @entity191 and their carers were generally enthusiastic about the Care Pathway, particularly the problems/needs form which they felt facilitated their active engagement in their own care. Very few service record forms had been used. The neurologist and specialist nurse were equally enthusiastic, and envisaged that full use of the framework with all service providers participating would greatly improve the overall care of their @entity1 . In conclusion the Care Pathway framework is feasible within normal clinic procedures and improves @entity1 ' care. However, its effectiveness in contributing to the better management of the illness overall requires further testing.

title: Traversing the network: a user-led Care Pathway approach to the management of XXXX in the community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity420 located near the gastroesophageal junction have unclear etiology and are difficult to classify. We used DNA methylation analysis to identify subtype-specific markers and new subgroups of @entity420 , and studied their association with epidemiological risk factors and clinical outcomes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used logistic regression models and unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of 74 DNA methylation markers on 45 @entity5 samples (44 @entity1 ) of esophageal and gastric @entity420 obtained from a population-based case-control study to uncover epigenetic markers and cluster groups of @entity420 . No distinct epigenetic differences were evident between subtypes of @entity356 . However, we identified two @entity420 subclusters based on DNA methylation profiles. Group membership was best predicted by @entity37760 DNA methylation status. We analyzed the associations between these two epigenetic groups and exposure using logistic regression, and the associations with survival time using Cox regression in a larger set of 317 @entity5 samples (278 @entity1 ). There were more males with esophageal and @entity356 in Cluster Group 1 characterized by higher @entity37760 DNA methylation values (all p<0.05). This group also showed associations of borderline statistical significance with having ever smoked (p-value=0.07), high body mass index (p-value=0.06), and symptoms of @entity354 (p-value=0.07). Subjects in cluster Group 1 showed better survival than those in Group 2 after adjusting for @entity5 differentiation grade, but this was not found to be independent of @entity5 stage. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: DNA methylation profiling can be used in population-based studies to identify epigenetic subclasses of @entity420 and class-specific DNA methylation markers that can be linked to epidemiological data and clinical outcome. Two new epigenetic subgroups of @entity420 were identified that differ to some extent in their survival rates, risk factors of exposure, and @entity37760 DNA methylation.

title: Epigenetic subgroups of esophageal and XXXX with differential @entity37760 DNA methylation associated with clinical and lifestyle factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma', 'gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas', 'Adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and esophageal cancers', 'gastric cardia cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the frequency of @entity23 ( @entity23 ), @entity146 , @entity23 , and impairment of decision-making task performance under ambiguous and risky conditions were present in @entity1 with @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) and whether changes could be related to dopaminergic medications. DESIGN: Case-control prospective study. SETTING: Academic @entity25 Center. @entity1 : Of the 149 @entity1 , there were 39 who were drug free with primary @entity4531 , 50 who were taking @entity935 agonists (DA), and 60 control subjects. @entity1 were assessed with a clinical interview screening for @entity23 , @entity751 , @entity23 , @entity308 , and @entity146 . All @entity1 completed two decision-making tasks, one under an ambiguous condition (Iowa Gambling Task) and the other under a risky condition (Game of Dice Task). Drug-free @entity1 with @entity4531 underwent 1 night of polysomnography recording. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Seventy percent of @entity1 were treated with @entity399 (median dose, 0.36 mg), and 30% with @entity25049 (median dose, 0.75 mg). Median duration of DA intake was 11 mo (range, 1-72 mo). No differences were found on @entity23 scores, @entity23 , and substance addiction between drug-free @entity1 or those taking DA, or control subjects. @entity1 with @entity4531 reported more @entity308 symptoms than control subjects, but without differences between @entity1 taking or not taking DA. Drug-free and treated @entity1 demonstrated reduced performances on the Iowa Gambling Task but not on the Game of Dice Task compared to control subjects, with no differences between @entity1 taking medications and those who were not. No association was found between decision-making task performances, or polysomnographic and clinical variables. CONCLUSION: @entity23 , @entity23 , and substance addiction were infrequent in drug-free @entity1 with @entity4531 or those treated with a low dose of @entity935 agonists. However, @entity1 with @entity4531 , either drug free or taking @entity935 agonists, had preferences toward risky choices on the Iowa Gambling Task, which led to negative consequences in the long run, a condition potentially leading to further development of @entity23 .

title: Decision-making, reward-seeking behaviors and @entity935 agonist therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity25049 :: ('MESH:C046649', 'Chemical') :: ['ropinirole']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['addictive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['ICDs', 'impulsivity', 'impulse control disorders', 'Impulse control disorders']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['augmentation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs syndrome', 'RLS']

entities_list: @entity399 :: ('MESH:C061333', 'Chemical') :: ['pramipexole']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep Disorders']

answer: @entity4531 :: (MESH:D012148,Disease) :: ['restless legs syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radical prostatectomy and external beam radiation therapy are the established and definitive interventions for clinically @entity263 . These treatment modalities are yet subject to failure observed first by biochemical recurrence, defined by increases in the serum @entity11179 level. We investigated the significance of biochemical recurrence after definitive therapy and the available salvage therapy options for @entity5 recurrence. METHODS: A literature search was performed in PubMed, and applicable studies addressing biochemical recurrence and salvage options after radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy were reviewed. RESULTS: After radical prostatectomy, a detectable serum @entity11179 level indicates biochemical recurrence. Whether to administer salvage therapy locally or systemically depends largely on prognostic factors including @entity11179 doubling time, Gleason's score, pathologic stage, and the time interval between radical prostatectomy and biochemical recurrence. Early initiation of salvage therapy has been shown to significantly impact on @entity5 outcomes. After external beam radiation therapy, no single @entity11179 level can define biochemical recurrence. Instead, it has been defined by increases in the @entity11179 level above the nadir. Following radiation therapy, @entity11179 doubling time and Gleason score play important roles in determining the need for local versus systemic salvage therapy. CONCLUSIONS: After the diagnosis of biochemical recurrence, it is critical to perform a timely clinical assessment using the prognostic factors mentioned above. Prompt initiation of salvage therapy may prevent subsequent clinical progression and @entity263 -specific mortality.

title: Clinical significance and treatment of biochemical recurrence after definitive therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: Twenty-five Chinese @entity1 with @entity2662 ) associated @entity6494 ( @entity6494 ) were identified in Taiwan. No @entity1 had been outside Taiwan and none were descendants of Japanese heritage. Their ages ranged from 28 to 71 years. There were 17 @entity1 and eight @entity1 . Main clinical and laboratory features at presentation were @entity3329 (16), @entity272 (11), @entity828 (11), @entity358 (11), hypercalcaemia (10) and @entity236 (14). Peripheral blood was characterized by leucocytosis with presence of pleomorphic abnormal lymphocytes but rare @entity417 or @entity882 . The clinical subtypes were acute in 15, chronic in three, smouldering in one, and @entity706 in six. The immunophenotypes of the @entity6494 cells were characterized by the expression of CD2+, CD4+, CD7-, CD8- and CD25+. The overall prognosis was poor with a median survival of 5 months. The acute form had a significantly shorter survival (2 months) than @entity706 (13 months). Susceptibility to various @entity281 was common. Pulmonary complications accounted for 73% of the causes of @entity204 . The clinicopathologic features of @entity6494 in Taiwan are indistinguishable from those in @entity2662 endemic areas. The present series adds to the knowledge of the worldwide pattern of the disease.

title: XXXX associated @entity6494 in Taiwan Chinese.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma type']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma', 'ATLL']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow infiltration']

entities_list: @entity2662 :: ('11908', 'Species') :: ['human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I', 'HTLV-I']

answer: @entity2662 :: (11908,Species) :: ['Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I']


abstract: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of weekly @entity1205 (D) as II line treatment in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), in November 1999, we started a phase II study on advanced (stages IIIB-IV) @entity1149 @entity1 pre-treated with at least one @entity902 -based chemotherapy regimen with or without radiotherapy. The schedule consisted of D 40 mg/m(2), weekly for 6 weeks, followed by a rest period of 2 weeks, for three cycles or until progression. Eligibility criteria were: histopathologic diagnosis of @entity1149 ; age <or=75 years; evaluable or measurable progressive lesions; PS (ECOG) 0-2; adequate haematology and biochemistry parameters; no serious concurrent diseases; no symptomatic @entity75 ; and informed consent. The end points were assessment of overall response rate, @entity137 and quality of life (QoL). @entity1 were re-evaluated at the end of every cycle. An interim analysis of 18 @entity1 (16 M) was performed. Weekly courses were 132; 16 of 18 @entity1 were evaluable for response and 17 of 18 for @entity137 . Two of the 16 @entity1 (12.5%) had a partial response (95% CI: 10.5-14.7%). @entity137 was very mild: grade 1-2 @entity1398 occurred in four @entity1 , grade 3 @entity1398 in two @entity1 ; grade 1-2 @entity417 in four @entity1 ; and grade 1-2 @entity882 in two @entity1 . Non-haematological @entity137 was also very mild, with the exclusion of asthenia (grade 1-2 in ten @entity1 and grade 3 in five @entity1 ) and alopecia (grade 1-2 in seven @entity1 and grade 3 in eight @entity1 ). No cases of grade 4 @entity137 were observed. No QoL evaluations were reported in this interim analysis. In conclusion, these preliminary data confirm that weekly D results in tolerable @entity137 in pre-treated @entity1149 . Myelo-suppression, the dose-limiting @entity137 of every 3 week schedules, is not a clinically relevant problem when D is administered weekly. @entity1261 was used only sporadically in four @entity1 , and no febrile @entity1398 was reported. @entity1 were pre-treated with @entity619 and no @entity56 were seen. Although the therapeutic activity appears to be comparable to that of every 3 week schedules, more data are necessary before definite conclusions can be drawn. Accrual of @entity1 is still ongoing.

title: Weekly docetaxel as II line therapy in XXXX : an interim analysis of a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Haematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: A critical factor determining the effectiveness of currently used dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines is the DC activation or maturation status. We have recently shown that the T-cell stimulatory capacity of DCs pulsed with @entity5 -antigen-derived peptides can be considerably increased by activating the DCs through electroporation with mRNA encoding @entity11603 , @entity32998 , and a constitutively active @entity2939 (TriMix DCs). Here, we investigate whether TriMix DCs can be coelectroporated with whole @entity5 -antigen-encoding mRNA. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The T-cell stimulatory capacity of TriMix DCs pulsed with the immunodominant MelanA-A2 peptide and that of TriMix DCs coelectroporated with MelanA mRNA were compared in vitro. TriMix DCs were also coelectroporated with mRNA encoding @entity5840 , @entity6473 , @entity11442 , or @entity9857 . The capacity of these DCs to stimulate @entity5 -antigen-specific T cells in @entity320 @entity1 was investigated both in vitro before vaccination and after DC vaccination. RESULTS: Like peptide-pulsed TriMix DCs, TriMix DCs coelectroporated with MelanA mRNA are very potent in inducing MelanA-specific CD8(+) T cells in vitro. These T cells have an activated phenotype, show cytolytic capacity, and produce inflammatory cytokines in response to specific stimulation. TriMix DCs coelectroporated with @entity11442 are able to stimulate @entity11442 -specific CD8(+) T cells in vitro from the blood of nonvaccinated @entity320 @entity1 . Furthermore, TriMix DCs coelectroporated with @entity5840 , @entity6473 , or @entity11442 are able to induce antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells through therapeutic DC vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: TriMix DCs coelectroporated with whole @entity5 -antigen mRNA stimulate antigen-specific T cells in vitro and induce antigen-specific T-cell responses in @entity320 @entity1 through vaccination. Therefore, they represent a promising new approach for antitumor immunotherapy.

title: Single-step antigen loading and activation of dendritic cells by mRNA electroporation for the purpose of therapeutic vaccination in @entity320 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2939 :: ('7099', 'Gene') :: ['Toll-like receptor 4']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: A major drawback of laser endoscopy in the palliation of @entity5 is the need for repeated treatments. This study was designed to test whether external beam radiotherapy would reduce the necessity for repeated laser therapy. @entity1 /METHODS: Sixty seven @entity1 with inoperable oesophageal or @entity356 and satisfactory swallowing after initial laser recanalisation were randomised to palliative external beam radiotherapy (30 Gy in 10 fractions) or no radiotherapy. All @entity1 underwent a 'check' endoscopy five weeks after initial recanalisation and were subsequently reendoscoped only for recurrent @entity1282 , which occurred in 59 @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1282 was relieved equally well in both groups and the improvement was maintained with further endoscopic treatment. The initial @entity1282 controlled interval and the duration between procedures required to maintain lifelong palliation (treatment interval) increased from five to nine weeks (median) in the radiotherapy group (p < 0.01 both parameters). Radiotherapy was well tolerated in all but three @entity1 . One perforation occurred and two fistulae opened after dilatation in @entity1 who received radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Additional radiotherapy reduces the necessity for therapeutic endoscopy for a @entity1 's remaining life. It has an important role in relatively well @entity1 who are likely to survive long enough to benefit.

title: Radiotherapy enhances laser palliation of XXXX : a randomised study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cardia cancers']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant dysphagia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at comparing the results obtained with a sliding screw plate and an experimental device including a small-diameter nail that can be placed with a mini-invasive approach and provides a stable fixation. DESIGN: Randomized prospective study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : The study included two groups with thirty @entity174 of the trochanteric area. INTERVENTIONS: In both groups, the surgical procedure was carried out on @entity1 placed on a traction table in a supine position, under an x-ray amplifier. Sliding screw plates (THS) were set in place according to the usual open technique. Nails were placed through a twenty-millimeter supratrochanteric cutaneous incision. This experimental system comprised a locked intramedullary nail with two nonparallel seven-millimeter cervicocephalic screws. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The comparison between the two groups was based on the surgical procedure (time, duration of x-ray irradiation, and total @entity190 ); the initial postoperative period (complications, duration of hospital stay, and the time before returning home); the time before full weight bearing became effective; the functional and social recovery; mortality; and the quality of immediate and final anatomic restitution and healing. RESULTS: Operating time (p < 0.001) and @entity190 (p < 0.001) were lower in the nail group, and no blood transfusion was required. @entity282 (p < 0.01), time necessary to support full weight bearing (p < 0.02), and time before returning home (p < 0.05) were reduced in the nail group. All @entity174 healed in the same amount of time, with good anatomic results in the nail group, whereas ten impactions beyond ten millimeters occurred in the plate group. No difference was found between the two groups in walking ability and autonomy recovery, but hip function (p < 0.05) was better in the nail group. CONCLUSION: This preliminary clinical study has shown the advantages of this mini-invasive technique. It could not evaluate all the possible disadvantages inherent in the method. These points will be evaluated in a multicenter study justified by these preliminary results.

title: Prospective randomized comparison between a dynamic hip screw and a mini-invasive static nail in XXXX of the trochanteric area: preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9849 ( @entity9849 ) and @entity5902 ( @entity5902 ) are chronic @entity56 that are associated with some common conjunctival and @entity2687 .1 The clinical corneal manifestations of both entities may include @entity1036 , macroerosions, corneal ulceration, @entity7499 , and lipid infiltration. PURPOSE: To quantitatively evaluate the early ocular surface @entity32 before and after @entity1138 ( @entity1139 )-aided papillary resection in severe @entity566 @entity1 with @entity2687 . METHODS: Three eyes with @entity5902 and 5 eyes with @entity9849 were included in this study. All eyes had cobblestone-like papillae on the upper tarsal conjunctiva and @entity2687 such as @entity3283 , @entity154 that were refractory to conventional treatment of more than 2 weeks. Papillary resection with intraoperative 0.05% @entity1139 application for 5 minutes on the palpebral conjunctiva was carried out in all eyes. Corneal and conjunctival findings were evaluated before and 1 week and 2 weeks after surgery. Brush cytology (BC) and evaluation of tear eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) levels by radioimmunoassay techniques were performed as well pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS: Corneal and conjunctival complications resolved in all @entity1 within 7 days after resection. Postoperative tear ECP levels decreased significantly with papillary resection (P< 0.05). Concomitant brush cytology showed a significant decrease in the number of @entity1712 and neutrophils following papillary resection (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1139 -aided papillary resection provided a dramatic decrease in ocular surface @entity32 as evidenced by decrease in the number of inflammatory cells as well as tear ECP levels with a rapid improvement of clinical corneal and conjunctival findings.

title: Quantitative evaluation of the early changes in ocular surface @entity32 following XXXX -aided papillary resection in severe @entity56 @entity1 with @entity2687 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['defect, or erosions']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['plaque formation, corneal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['superficial punctate keratitis']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['AKC', 'Atopic keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal complications']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity5902 :: ('MESH:D003233', 'Disease') :: ['VKC', 'vernal keratoconjunctivitis']

answer: @entity1139 :: (CHEBI:27504,Chemical) :: ['MMC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among @entity1 with @entity712 , there is controversy about whether there are clinical features and laboratory tests that can differentiate @entity1 who have low ejection fractions from those with normal ejection fractions. The usefulness of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors among @entity712 @entity1 who have normal left ventricular ejection fractions is also not known. METHODS: From a registry of 2,906 unselected consecutive @entity1 with @entity712 who were admitted to 10 acute-care community hospitals during 1995 and 1997, we identified 1291 who had a quantitative measurement of their left ventricular ejection fraction. @entity1 were separated into three groups based on ejection fraction: < or =0.39 (n = 741, 57%), 0.40 to 0.49 (n = 238, 18%), and > or =0.50 (n = 312, 24%). In-hospital mortality, prescription of @entity1289 inhibitors at discharge, subsequent rehospitalization, quality of life, and survival were measured; survivors were observed for at least 6 months after hospitalization. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SD) age of the sample was 75+/-11 years; the majority (55%) of @entity1 were @entity1 . In multivariate models, age >75 years, female sex, weight >72.7 kg, and a valvular etiology for @entity712 were associated with an increased probability of having an ejection fraction > or =0.50; a prior history of @entity712 , an @entity63 or idiopathic cause of @entity712 , and radiographic @entity1283 were associated with a lower probability of having an ejection fraction > or =0.50. Total mortality was lower in @entity1 with an ejection fraction > or =0.50 than in those with an ejection fraction < or =0.39 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI 0.49 to 0.98, P = 0.04). Among hospital survivors with an ejection fraction of 0.40 to 0.49, the 65% who were prescribed @entity1289 inhibitors at discharge had better mean adjusted quality-of-life scores (7.0 versus 6.2, P = 0.02), and lower adjusted mortality (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.70, P = 0.01) during follow-up than those who were not prescribed @entity1289 inhibitors. Among hospital survivors with an ejection fraction > or =0.50, the 45% who were prescribed @entity1289 inhibitors at discharge had better (lower) adjusted New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (2.1 versus 2.4, P = 0.04) although there was no significant improvement in survival. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 treated for @entity712 in community hospitals, 42% of those whose ejection fraction was measured had a relatively normal systolic function (ejection fraction > or 0.40). The clinical characteristics and mortality of these @entity1 differed from those in @entity1 with low ejection fractions. Among the @entity1 with ejection fractions > or =0.40, the prescription of @entity1289 inhibitors at discharge was associated favorable effects.

title: Systolic versus diastolic XXXX in community practice: clinical features, outcomes, and the use of @entity1289 inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between early @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity256 after primary renal artery percutaneous angioplasty and stenting (RA-PTAS). METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 undergoing RA-PTAS for hemodynamically significant @entity2791 with @entity101 and/or @entity63 nephropathy between September 2003 and July 2010 were identified from a prospective registry. @entity1 had renal @entity8 pre-RA-PTAS, within 1 week of RA-PTAS and follow-up @entity8 examinations after the first postoperative week for surveillance of @entity256 . @entity256 was defined as a renal artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) >=  180 cm/s on follow-up @entity8 . Associations between @entity8 and @entity256 were examined using proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Eighty-three @entity1 (59% female; 12% nonwhite; mean age, 70    10 years; mean pre-RA-PTAS PSV, 276    107 cm/s) undergoing 91 RA-PTAS procedures comprised the sample for this study. All procedures included a completion arteriogram demonstrating no significant residual @entity850 . Mean follow-up time was 14.9    10.8 months. Thirty-four renal arteries (RAs) demonstrated @entity256 on follow-up with a median time to @entity256 of 8.7 months. There was no significant difference in the mean PSV pre-RA-PTAS in those with and without @entity256 (287    96 cm/s vs 269    113 cm/s; P = .455), and PSV pre-RA-PTAS was not predictive of @entity256 . Within 1 week of RA-PTAS, mean renal artery PSV differed significantly for renal arteries with and without @entity256 (112    27 cm/s vs 91    34 cm/s; P = .003). Proportional hazards regression analysis demonstrated increased PSV on first post-RA-PTAS @entity8 was significantly and independently associated with subsequent @entity256 during follow-up (hazard ratio for 30 cm/s increase, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-2.49; P = .0003). There was no difference in pre- minus postprocedural PSV in those with and without @entity256 on follow-up (175    104 cm/s vs 179    124 cm/s; P = .88), nor was this associated with time to @entity256 . Best subsets model selection identified first postprocedural @entity8 as the only factor predictive of follow-up @entity256 . A receiver-operating characteristic curve was examined to assess the first week PSV post-RA-PTAS most predictive of @entity256 during follow-up. The ideal cut point for RA-PSV was 87 cm/s or greater. This value was associated with a sensitivity of 82.4%, specificity of 52.6%, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 69.3%. Increased first postprocedural RA-PSV was predictive of lower estimated glomerular filtration rate in the first 2 years after the procedure (-1.6    0.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2) lower estimated glomerular filtration rate per 10 cm/s increase in RA-PSV; P = .010). CONCLUSIONS: Early renal artery PSV within 1 week after RA-PTAS predicted @entity8 and lower postprocedure renal function. Recurrent @entity850 demonstrated no association with absolute elevation in PSV prior to RA-PTAS nor with the change in PSV after RA-PTAS. These data suggest that detectable differences exist in renal artery flow parameters following RA-PTAS that are predictive of @entity256 during follow-up but are not apparent on completion arteriography or detectable by intra-arterial pressure measurements. Further study is warranted.

title: Early duplex predicts XXXX and stenting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery restenosis', 'renal duplex sonography', 'RDS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['restenosis after renal artery angioplasty']


abstract: Asthma can place considerable restrictions on the physical, emotional and social aspects of the lives of @entity1 . The assessment of quality of life aims to provide a means of measuring the impact of this disease on @entity1 ' lives, from the @entity1 ' perspective. A cross sectional multi-centre study was conducted in six government hospitals throughout the country. Self-administered SF-36 was used, and clinical information obtained through interviews and examination. 1612 @entity748 responded. Females constituted 63% of the respondents; mean age was 40.9 years; Malays were the majority ethnic group, while 70.8% had secondary level education and 53.7% were employed. Half had suffered from @entity565 for at least 13 years, while 46.8% and 23.6% have moderate and severe disease respectively. Quality of life was affected by severity of disease. Asthmatics, had a significantly poorer quality of life than the general US population. Severe @entity565 disease was associated with a compromised quality of life, similar to that of @entity1030 .

title: Quality of life--how do Malaysian XXXX fare?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatics']


abstract: @entity13923 gel (ALG) has been effective for ameliorating @entity520 associated with phosphatemia caused by hemodialysis. However, @entity3775 accumulation in the body causes severe side effects. As substitute for ALG, a new type of @entity21887 (tentatively named @entity31191 ) was prepared with the hope of future clinical use. @entity31191 has a microcrystalline structure with a high resistance to pH change and has more @entity1391 -binding efficacy than ALG. It was tested for possible interaction with protein by adsorption test, zeta-potential analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was chosen as a model protein. The interaction of BSA with @entity31191 depended on the amount of adsorbent. Protein adsorption occurred rapidly and reached the maximal level at near neutral pHs. @entity1391 adsorption was not affected by the presence of BSA, but the interaction of BSA with @entity31191 was significantly reduced by the presence of @entity1391 . Zeta-potential changes on the surface of @entity31191 indicated that the positively charged surface of @entity31191 was covered with negatively charged @entity1391 ions that repelled negatively charged BSA molecules. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated no observable structural alteration caused by adsorption of BSA or @entity1391 , and scanning electron microscopy revealed that BSA covered the outer surface of @entity31191 but did not cover small pores, where @entity1391 can freely penetrate.

title: Interaction of bovine serum albumin with the surface of a microcrystalline XXXX compound: a possible new type of @entity1391 adsorbent.

entities_list: @entity13923 :: ('MESH:D000536', 'Chemical') :: ['Aluminum hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate', 'Phosphate']

entities_list: @entity21887 :: ('MESH:C069471', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum oxide hydroxide']

answer: @entity21887 :: (MESH:C069471,Chemical) :: ['aluminum oxide hydroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Topical treatment of striae rubra with 0.1% @entity1968 and laser treatment of striae rubra and alba with the 585-nm pulsed dye laser are proven therapeutic options. However, little efficacy has been shown for treatment of striae alba topically, and the laser is currently not a suitable treatment option for darker ethnic skin types. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that selected commercial topical agents can improve the appearance of striae alba. METHODS: Ten @entity1 of varying skin types (I-V) having straie distensae alba on the abdomen or thighs were selected to evaluate the effectiveness of two topical treatment regimens. @entity1 were placed on daily topical application of 20% @entity25104 ( @entity601 Forte) to the entire treatment area. In addition, the @entity1 applied 10% @entity620 , 2% @entity17562 , and 0.5% @entity669 to half to the treatment area and 0.05% @entity1968 emollient cream (Renova) to the other half of the treatment area. The creams were applied on a daily basis for 12 weeks. Improvement was evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks in an objective unblinded fashion at the follow-up visits, a objective blinded fashion by visual grading at the conclusion of the study, and in an objective blinded fashion with profilometry. Additionally, histopathologic analysis was performed. RESULTS: Analysis of these data reveals: 1) both regimens can improve the appearance of @entity29694 ; 2) these topical therapy regimens are safe and effective in study @entity1 with minimal irritation; 3) elastin content within the reticular and papillary dermis can increase with topical 20% @entity25104 combined with 0.05% @entity1968 emollient cream therapy; 4) both regimens increased epidermal thickness and decreased papillary dermal thickness in treated @entity29694 when compared with untreated @entity29694 ; 5) combined epidermal and papillary dermal thickness in @entity29694 treated with either topical regimen approaches that of normal skin; and 6) profilometry can objectively measure differences in skin texture associated with striae treatments when compared to controls, however, it is not sensitive enough to justify comparison or quantitative improvements between similarly effective treatments.

title: Comparison of topical therapy for striae alba (20% @entity25104 /0.05% @entity1968 versus 20% @entity25104 /10% XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity25104 :: ('MESH:C031149', 'Chemical') :: ['glycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['L-ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity29694 :: ('MESH:D057896', 'Disease') :: ['stretch marks']

entities_list: @entity17562 :: ('MESH:D019287', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc sulfate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['tretinoin']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['L-ascorbic acid']


abstract: The recently developed echocardiographic technology of color kinesis (CK) displays endocardial motion in color layers on a single end-systolic 2-dimensional echocardiographic frame. Previous work using this method is promising for quantitation of regional function, but there is limited experience in @entity1 with severely reduced left ventricular function. Twenty @entity1 (age 59 +/- 10 years) with @entity384 (left ventricular ejection fraction 22 +/- 8%) underwent CK imaging. Endocardial motion was quantitated by measuring the distance of endocardial motion during the systolic interval and also by calculating the endocardial velocity. CK measurements were compared among 4 wall motion grades (i.e., normal, @entity5048 , @entity2845 , and @entity910 ) assessed by qualitative wall motion scoring. There was a significant overall difference (p < 0.0001) in the mean systolic endocardial inward motion (i.e., contraction) and outward motion (i.e., expansion) among wall motion grades. The mean endocardial outward distance was significantly greater for the @entity910 segments than for the other grades (p < 0.001). There were also differences in the mean velocity of endocardial motion among the wall motion grades. In the presence of @entity714 , there was no difference in the mean endocardial inward distance of the @entity5048 , @entity2845 , and @entity910 septal segments. We conclude that in the absence of @entity714 , normal, @entity5048 , @entity2845 , and @entity910 ventricular wall segments may be distinguished in @entity1 with @entity384 on the basis of endocardial motion measured with CK.

title: Evaluation of color kinesis, a new echocardiographic method for analyzing regional wall motion in XXXX with dilated left ventricles.

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A structured and rigorous methodology was developed for the formulation of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (EBCPGs), then was used to develop EBCPGs for selected rehabilitation interventions for the management of shoulder @entity158 . METHODS: Evidence from @entity23 ( @entity23 ) and observational studies was identified and synthesized using methods defined by the Cochrane Collaboration that minimize bias by using a systematic approach to literature search, study selection, data extraction, and data synthesis. Meta-analysis was conducted where possible. The strength of evidence was graded as level I for @entity23 or level II for nonrandomized studies. DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS: An expert panel was formed by inviting stakeholder professional organizations to nominate a representative. This panel developed a set of criteria for grading the strength of both the evidence and the recommendation. The panel decided that evidence of clinically important benefit (defined as 15% greater relative to a control based on panel expertise and empiric results) in @entity1 -important outcomes was required for a recommendation. Statistical significance was also required but was insufficient alone. @entity1 -important outcomes were decided by consensus as being @entity158 , function, @entity1 global assessment, quality of life, and return to work, providing that these outcomes were assessed with a scale for which measurement reliability and validity have been established. VALIDATING THE RECOMMENDATIONS: A feedback survey questionnaire was sent to 324 practitioners from 6 professional organizations. The response rate was 51%. RESULTS: Only 1 positive recommendation of clinical benefit was developed. Ultrasound provided clinically important @entity158 relief relative to a control for @entity1 with @entity730 in the short term (less than 2 months). There was good agreement with this recommendation from practitioners (75%). For several interventions and indications (eg, thermotherapy, therapeutic exercise, massage, electrical stimulation, mechanical traction), there was a lack of evidence regarding efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: This methodology of developing EBCPGs provides a structured approach to assessing the literature and developing EBCPGs that incorporates clinicians' feedback and is widely acceptable to practicing clinicians. Further well-designed @entity23 are warranted regarding the use of several interventions for @entity1 with shoulder @entity158 where evidence was insufficient to make recommendations.

title: Philadelphia Panel evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on selected rehabilitation interventions for shoulder XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific tendinitis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is only limited and somewhat controversial information available on hepatic artery infusion of cytotoxic agents in @entity1086 . We report the results of 5-year follow-up of all @entity1086 @entity1 treated with surgery and intra-arterial @entity1138 or @entity1138 alone in our hospital during 15 years. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity1086 were treated with superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy (SIAC) with @entity1138 during 1981-1996. Survival was measured from diagnosis, and all @entity1 were followed up until death or the end of January 2002. Cumulative survival rates and median survival times were calculated for all @entity1 , according to response to treatment and staging. The data are presented as 5-year survival. RESULTS: Median survival times after SIAC for all @entity1 , responders, and non-responders were 48, 60+, and 8.5 months, respectively. Overall response rate was 60%. Survival was significantly better for @entity5 limited to the gallbladder wall, as expected. @entity137 occurred in half of the @entity1 , requiring cessation of chemotherapy in 25% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The median survival of @entity1086 @entity1 treated with surgery and SIAC seems to be significantly better compared to the previously reported outcome of surgical treatment alone. @entity137 limits the use of i.a. chemotherapy and requires careful monitoring for early side-effects.

title: Intra-arterial chemotherapy with XXXX in @entity1086 : a follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: A method (habituation test) for studying habituation of the palmar skin conductance response (SCR) during iterative photostimulation in @entity19 is described. Twenty drugs known for their CNS stimulant activity and/or beneficial action on learning were tested for their antagonism toward habituation. With most of the drugs tested, the delay in SCR extinction was dose-dependent. From the corresponding regression equations, the standard delaying doses were computed and used for classification. @entity49318 was the most active product. In descending order follow @entity2254 and @entity2475 , then other @entity889 . Locomotor activity tests were run in parallel with habituation tests and the two sets of results compared. Reliability of habituation test was checked. The responsiveness of the test and the significance of the results are discussed. The applicability of the habituation test in psychopharmacological research is argued by its sensitivity to @entity2475 , whose nootropic activity is not detectable by classic behavioral methods. The habituation test makes it possible to test drugs for their effects on the maintenance of attention during monotonous stimulation and, more generally, for their psychic enhancement activity whatever the mechanism involved. It is thus likely to be a suitable test for nooanaleptics (in the broad meaning of the term).

title: Antagonism of skin conductance response (SCR) habituation during iterative photostimulation in XXXX : habituation test - a new psychopharmacological method for detecting and quantifying enhancement of psychic activity.

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity49318 :: ('MESH:C004996', 'Chemical') :: ['Fenozolone']

entities_list: @entity2475 :: ('MESH:D010889', 'Chemical') :: ['piracetam']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Resistance to the quaternary ammonium disinfectant @entity3676 (BC) may be an important contributor to the ability of Listeria spp. to persist in the processing plant environment. Although a plasmid-borne disinfectant resistance cassette (bcrABC) has been identified in @entity5125 , horizontal transfer of these genes has not been characterized. Nonpathogenic Listeria spp. such as @entity16085 and @entity16086 are more common than @entity5125 in food processing environments and may contribute to the dissemination of disinfectant resistance genes in listeriae, including @entity5125 . In this study, we investigated conjugative transfer of resistance to BC and to @entity3409 from nonpathogenic Listeria spp. to other nonpathogenic listeriae, as well as to @entity5125 . BC-resistant @entity16086 and @entity16085 harboring bcrABC, along with the @entity3409 resistance determinant cadA2, were able to transfer resistance to other nonpathogenic listeriae as well as to @entity5125 of diverse serotypes, including strains from the 2011 cantaloupe outbreak. Transfer among nonpathogenic Listeria spp. was noticeably higher at 25  C than at 37  C, whereas acquisition of resistance by @entity5125 was equally efficient at 25 and 37  C. When the nonpathogenic donors were resistant to both BC and @entity3409 , acquisition of @entity3409 resistance was an effective surrogate for transfer of resistance to BC, suggesting coselection between these resistance attributes. The results suggest that nonpathogenic Listeria spp. may behave as reservoirs for disinfectant and heavy metal resistance genes for other listeriae, including the pathogenic species @entity5125 .

title: Coselection of @entity3409 and XXXX resistance in conjugative transfers from nonpathogenic Listeria spp. to other Listeriae.

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity3676 :: ('MESH:D001548', 'Chemical') :: ['benzalkonium chloride']

answer: @entity3676 :: (MESH:D001548,Chemical) :: ['benzalkonium chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some anti-neoplastic agents induce @entity2753 . The relationship between @entity2753 and other @entity137 in @entity356 @entity1 treated with @entity1487 and @entity900 (FP) was investigated retrospectively to clarify its clinical significance. METHODS: The subjects were 50 advanced @entity356 @entity1 treated with FP. @entity1 ' performance status, oral intake, @entity390 / @entity391 , @entity294 , fever, urine volume, presence of ascites or @entity1143 , laboratory data and administration of diuretics, @entity228 and contents and volume of hydration before and during the first 5 days after chemotherapy were reviewed. RESULTS: The serum @entity1372 level decreased after initiation of chemotherapy in all @entity1 and the lowest level (nadir) was most frequently observed on day 8 (range, days 2-14), which preceded hematological @entity137 . In 10 @entity1 (20%) the nadir of serum @entity1372 was lower than 125 mEq/l. We classified these 10 @entity1 as a low- @entity1372 group and the others into a normal- @entity1372 group. Six (60%) and seven (70%) of the 10 @entity1 in the low- @entity1372 group had complications with grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 and @entity882 , whereas only one (3%) and two (5%) were seen in the normal- @entity1372 group (p < 0.0001). @entity3136 and @entity294 were also slightly more severe in the former than the latter group. With respect to sensitivity and probability, receiver operating characteristic curves showed the nadir ((> or = ) or <125 mEq/l) of the serum @entity1372 level was the best marker for both @entity1431 and @entity882 . CONCLUSION: @entity2753 after initiation of chemotherapy with FP may be a warning sign of subsequent severe hematological @entity137 .

title: Retrospective study of XXXX in @entity356 @entity1 treated with a combination chemotherapy of @entity1487 and @entity900 : a possible warning sign of severe hematological @entity137 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['Stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia', 'Hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity2753 :: (MESH:D007010,Disease) :: ['hyponatremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3491 ( @entity3491 ) is the most common type of @entity6363 ( @entity6363 ). It is genetically heterogeneous, and although the exact number of genes is not known, 38 loci have been identified. By cloning the relevant genes and studying the function of the encoded proteins at the molecular level, it may be possible to impact the habitation of @entity1 at risk for @entity6363 . Currently, for select families, presymptomatic diagnosis of @entity3491 by genotyping is possible. OBJECTIVE: To provide presymptomatic diagnosis of @entity6363 to individuals in select families who have participated in linkage studies. DESIGN: In 2 large families with autosomal dominant @entity6363 , genes for @entity3491 were mapped to chromosomes 6 ( @entity45731 ) and 19 ( @entity3999 ). In each family, the phenotype is one of progressive @entity1274 that begins in the individual's mid-30s and progresses to a severe-to-profound loss requiring amplification. Presymptomatic diagnosis was requested by, and provided to, 19 at-risk @entity1 in these kindreds. RESULTS: By reconstructing haplotypes through the use of short tandem repeat polymorphisms tightly linked to the disease gene, risk calculations and genetic counseling were provided to these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: By simple Mendelian genetics, the risk of inheriting a fully penetrant autosomal dominant @entity3491 gene from a single affected parent is 50% for each offspring. However, by reconstructing haplotypes in families in which an @entity6363 gene has been localized, this risk can be changed substantially.

title: Presymptomatic diagnosis of XXXX by genotyping.

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['Nonsyndromic hearing loss', 'NSHL']

entities_list: @entity6363 :: ('MESH:C537845', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hearing impairment', 'HHI']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity3491 :: (MESH:C580334,Disease) :: ['nonsyndromic hearing loss']


abstract: There are now several acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in clinical use for the treatment of @entity195 , however, no systematic comparative studies of their central and peripheral cholinergic mediated effects in @entity35 appear to have been reported. The present study investigated the dose-response characteristics of @entity8124 , @entity2445 , @entity11544 and @entity11546 in inducing @entity400 , lacrimation, salivation and @entity2332 and the duration of action of these compounds in Lister hooded @entity35 . Data obtained were compared with the clinical observations on these drugs. Three doses of each compound were given orally to establish a dose-response curve for each behaviour, @entity400 and lacrimation were scored, salivation was measured by weighing swabs applied to the mouth area and @entity2332 was measured with a rectal probe. ED50 values were calculated for @entity400 . Using a just sub-maximal tremorigenic dose, the duration of response was examined. All four compounds produced dose-dependent increases in @entity400 and @entity2332 . Only @entity2445 also produced marked salivation and lacrimation. The order of potency (ED50 value in micromol/kg) was @entity11544 (3.7), @entity8124 (18.0), @entity2445 (37.5), @entity11546 (470). @entity400 following @entity2445 (150 micromol/kg) and @entity8124 (20 micromol/kg) was prolonged (> 6 h) with a similar hypothermic response. The duration of these responses following @entity11546 (777 micromol/kg) and @entity11544 (12.5 micromol/kg) did not exceed 3 h. @entity2445 had poor selectivity for central ( @entity400 ) versus peripheral (salivation/lacrimation) effects compared to the other compounds. @entity8124 also had a sustained duration of action. The data are consistent with clinical results and indicate that simple in-vivo models may assist in the selection of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with a suitable response profile for use in the symptomatic treatment of @entity195 .

title: Comparison of @entity8124 -, @entity2445 -, @entity11544 - and @entity11546 -induced central and peripheral cholinergically mediated responses in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11546 :: ('MESH:D014236', 'Chemical') :: ['metrifonate']

entities_list: @entity2445 :: ('MESH:D013619', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrine', 'Tacrine']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Tremor', 'tremor']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil', 'Donepezil']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In a study, aimed at comparing seasonal reproductive development of @entity17991 (Dama dama dama) with Mesopotamian (D. d. mesopotamico) x European F1 hybrids, five adult males of each genotype, which had been raised together since birth, were maintained as a bachelor group. Morphometric (body weight, neck circumference and testis diameter), endocrine (plasma @entity251 concentrations) and seminal (ejaculate volume, spermatozoa per ejaculate and spermatozoa motility) parameters were recorded at fortnightly or monthly intervals for a 15-month period, and antler status was noted daily during the general periods of casting and velvet stripping. In addition, two bucks of each genotype were blood sampled via indwelling jugular catheters every 30 min for 24-h periods on five occasions (2-3 months intervals) during the year, and plasma was analysed for concentrations of @entity251 and LH. Parameter profiles of the two genotypes were compared by global and time series ante-dependence covariance analysis to investigate overall profile similarity and the seasonal nature of any observed differences. Plasma hormone profiles from high-frequency blood sampling were subjected to PULSAR analysis to determine pulse frequency and amplitude. Throughout the study hybrid males were approximately 30% heavier than European males. However, both genotypes exhibited dramatic but parallel patterns of body weight change (global P = 0.054). Neck circumference was correlated with body weight throughout (P < 0.05), with similar regression slopes between the genotypes at any sampling time (P > 0.10). Covariance adjustment to a common initial body weight was performed to eliminate the effects of large body weight differences on muscle @entity1184 and regression. While profiles of corrected neck circumference were significantly different at the global level (P < 0.01), analysis by time revealed differences occurring only during the latter period of muscular regression in spring. However, profiles of other parameters, including testis diameter, plasma @entity251 concentrations, spermatozoa per ejaculate and percentage motile spermatozoa, exhibited significant displacement between genotypes (global P < 0.05) evident as 2-4 weeks advancement in the sexual development (late summer/autumn) and quiescence (spring) phases for hybrid males relative to European males. Furthermore, mean dates of antler casting and velvet stripping were significantly earlier by 2-3 weeks for hybrid males than European males (P < 0.05). High frequency blood sampling revealed markedly seasonal patterns of secretion of @entity251 and LH, with hybrid males exhibiting an apparent earlier onset of high-amplitude @entity251 'surges' in February (late summer) compared to those occurring in April (autumn) for European males. When viewed collectively, the data indicate strongly that the Mesopotamian influence is evident in the earlier attainment of sexual development and fertility in late summer and autumn, and earlier onset of sexual quiescence in spring. This is in accord with anecdotal information on earlier reproductive patterns in purebred Mesopotamian fallow deer.

title: Comparison of seasonal changes in reproductive parameters of adult male @entity17991 (Dama dama dama) and hybrid Mesopotamian x XXXX (D. d. mesopotamica x D. d. dama).

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['European fallow deer']

answer: @entity17991 :: (MESH:D004675,Disease) :: ['European fallow deer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Parametrial invasion is an important risk factor in @entity2622 . Because the vessels of the parametrium start in the zone between the cervical compact stromal layer and the parametrium, which we have defined as the parametrial initial zone (PIZ) or transitional zone, the invasion of a @entity189 into this part of the cervix is also important. Our objectives in this study were find a characteristic index of the transitional zone and to clarify the relationship between a transitional-zone invasion and the prognosis in a case. METHODS: Thirty-three cases of @entity189 in situ were available to use for the morphological examination of the cervix. The cervix was divided into 8-12 sections. In each section, the outer diameters of the short @entity2270 of the arteries were measured with a light microscope and a micrometer. Using the arterial diameter as the characteristic index of the transitional zone, we performed epidemiological studies on 312 @entity1 with clinical Stage Ib-III squamous-cell @entity2622 . RESULTS: The arteries with an @entity2270 exceeding 300 microns were concentrated in the transitional zone at a rate of 94.6%. Therefore, arteries of this size are used as the characteristic index of the transitional zone. @entity1 with invasion to transitional zone only had lymph node @entity3 at the rate of 28.1%, compared with 0% for @entity1 who had no permeation to the zone (p < 0.001). The 5-year survival rate of @entity1 with invasion to the transitional zone only was 87.3%, which is significantly lower than those without invasion (99.2%) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Measuring the short @entity2270 (300 microns < or = ) of the artery is the best method by which to pinpoint the transitional zone. The invasion of a @entity189 into the transitional zone in the cervix should be treated as a parametrial involvement.

title: Importance of the transitional zone between the cervical stroma and the parametrium in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of uterine cervix', 'cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The noninvasive prognostic assessment of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in @entity101 @entity1 represents an unresolved task to date. In this study, we investigated the value of dipyridamole stress echocardiography in risk stratification of @entity101 @entity1 with @entity662 and unknown @entity453 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Dipyridamole stress echocardiography was performed in 257 @entity101 (110 @entity1 ; age, 63+/-9 years) complaining of @entity662 and without a history of @entity453 . No major complications occurred. Four tests were interrupted prematurely because of side effects, with 98. 4% feasibility of test. A positive echocardiographic response was found in 72 @entity1 (27 during the low-dose [</=0.56 mg/kg] and 45 during the high-dose [>0.56 mg/kg]). During the follow-up (32+/-18 months), 27 @entity299 occurred: 3 deaths, 8 @entity1188 , and 16 cases of @entity1459 . Moreover, 27 @entity1 underwent coronary revascularization. At multivariate analysis, the positive echocardiographic result (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.4 to 16.6) was the only predictor of hard @entity299 ( @entity204 , @entity1188 ). Considering spontaneous @entity299 ( @entity204 , @entity1188 , and @entity1459 ) as end points, the positive echocardiographic result (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.8 to 9.6) and family history of @entity453 (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.5 to 6. 9) were independently associated with prognosis. The 3-year survival rates for the negative and the positive populations were, respectively, 97% and 87% (P=0.0019) considering hard @entity299 and 96% and 74% (P=0.0000) considering spontaneous @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: Dipyridamole stress echocardiography is safe, highly feasible, and effective in risk stratification of @entity101 with @entity662 and unknown @entity453 . At present, it represents an attractive option for prognostic assessment of this clinically defined population.

title: Dipyridamole stress echocardiography for risk stratification in @entity101 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: At least five linked genes are amplified in the multidrug-resistant @entity3569 ovary cell line CHRC5, selected with @entity3812 (A. M. Van der Bliek, T. Van der Velde-Koerts, V. Ling, and P. Borst, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:1671-1678, 1986). We report here that only a subset of these, encoding the 170-kilodalton P-glycoprotein, are consistently amplified in three different multidrug-resistant @entity3569 lung cell lines, selected with @entity1891 , @entity5699 , or @entity4316 . Within each cell line, genomic sequences homologous to the P-glycoprotein cDNA probe were amplified to different levels. The pattern of differential amplification was consistent with the presence of at least two and possibly three P-glycoprotein genes. In the actinomycin D-selected cell line, these genes were disproportionately overexpressed relative to the associated levels of amplification. These results underline a central role for P-glycoprotein in multidrug resistance. In the @entity5699 -selected cell line, another, as yet uncharacterized, gene was amplified but disproportionately underexpressed. Its amplification was therefore fortuitous. We present a tentative map of the region in the hamster genome that is amplified in the multidrug-resistant cell lines which were analyzed.

title: Differential amplification and disproportionate expression of five genes in three multidrug-resistant XXXX lung cell lines.

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence of overweight among community-dwelling adults diagnosed as having @entity626 ( @entity571 ) and the relationship between the weight status of these individuals, selected disease-related outcomes, and disease progression. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The BMIs of 82 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 with unilateral or bilateral knee @entity571 were examined on a single occasion along with data on physical comorbidities, @entity158 , and function and subjected to correlation analyses. BMIs from two additional samples, one that included 16 @entity1 with and without knee @entity571 and one that included 24 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 with knee joint @entity571 that required surgery for the subsequent onset of @entity570 , were also assessed. RESULTS: At least 80% of all present cohorts were overweight or @entity28 . Those with higher BMIs reported more @entity158 than those with lower BMIs (p<0.05) and @entity158 was related to perceived physical exertion (p<0.05). Body mass indices were not significantly correlated with generic gait measures, but an inverse trend toward the time spent in the gait cycle (r=-0.63; p=0.097) that may impact the disease process was identified. Those with comorbidities had the same body mass, on average, as those with no comorbidities, and those with bilateral disease were heavier than those with unilateral disease. DISCUSSION: A high body mass is present in most adults with knee @entity571 . Moreover, being overweight may affect knee joint impact rates and @entity158 incrementally. Having high body weights may heighten the risk for bilateral knee joint, as well as hip joint, @entity571 .

title: Obesity profiles with XXXX : correlation with @entity158 , disability, disease progression.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the influence of @entity14319 on the clinical and laboratory course in @entity1 with hormone @entity263 . To our knowledge this study represents the first time that subjective assessments of the course of therapy have been recorded. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a prospective, open phase II pilot study, in which @entity1 with @entity263 were included. @entity14319 supplementation (15 mg) was given daily for 6 months. Followup laboratory tests and clinical examinations were done monthly. Changes to analgesic use and quality of life (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 ) were measured. The study end point was a significant change in serum @entity1486 , clinical progression or the end of the 6-month observation period. RESULTS: A total of 18 @entity1 64 to 85 years old (median age 73) were enrolled in the study during a 20-month period, of whom 17 could be analyzed. Five of the 17 @entity1 (29%) withdrew from the study prematurely, including 4 of 5 because of @entity1486 progression and/or @entity5 associated complications, and 1 due to an @entity56 to @entity14319 . Median @entity1486 doubled in 6 months from 42.7 ng/ml (range 13.8 to 521.6) in 17 @entity1 to 96.4 ng/ml (range 13.5 to 1,240) in 12. Stable @entity1486 was observed in 5 of 17 @entity1 (29%). None of the @entity1 had a greater than 50% decrease in @entity1486 . @entity1 experienced a slight deterioration in mean health status at the end of the study compared to the outset. However, two-thirds of the @entity1 experienced an improved or unchanged situation regardless of the clinical and biochemical course. CONCLUSIONS: No clinically relevant benefits were shown for @entity1 with advanced stages of the disease.

title: @entity14319 for advanced hormone XXXX : a prospective, open phase II pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['refractory prostate cancer', 'progressive hormone refractory prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer QLQ-C30', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity14319 :: ('MESH:C015329', 'Chemical') :: ['lycopene', 'Lycopene']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['refractory prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity977 are mostly benign lesions, although 5-35% are locally invasive. A small number exhibit a more @entity146 course, infiltrating dura, bone and sinuses, and are designated highly @entity146 . However, the presence of @entity3 separate from the @entity149 or at a distance is necessary to designate @entity977 as @entity189 , i.e. truly malignant. When conventional therapeutic modalities fail, systemic chemotherapy remains the last option. We report seven such @entity1 , three with highly @entity146 and four with malignant @entity977 (n=4) four @entity1 ; median age, 32 yr; range, 23-48 yr), who received one or more courses of chemotherapy with @entity11770 and @entity1487 (median, two courses; range, one to six courses). Three @entity1 with systemic @entity3 had a shorter survival (median, 5 months; range, 1-14 months) than the one @entity1 with central nervous system @entity3 alone (10 yr). A @entity1 with an @entity146 nonmetastatic @entity2013 who initially responded to chemotherapy died from another nondisease-associated cause. Two @entity1 , one with an @entity146 and one with a @entity3 , achieved symptomatic improvement with a median duration of 6 months. A hormonal reduction greater than 50% was observed in two of seven @entity1 ; only one @entity1 who had an @entity146 @entity5 obtained an objective @entity5 response. The median survival from the time of initiation of chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 ranged from 3-65 months. Two @entity1 with @entity5 developed disease progression while receiving chemotherapy; no @entity1 with extracranial @entity3 showed a response. Treatment was well tolerated, with minimal individual side-effects. Three @entity1 with no response to initial treatment received different chemotherapeutic regimens with no additional response. All @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 eventually died. Treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy is noncurative, and current experience is limited. Until another more specific form of treatment is available, chemotherapy may still be of some value in @entity1 with highly @entity146 and malignant @entity977 , at least in achieving a temporary remission or delay in progression. The combination of @entity11770 / @entity1487 proved easy to administer with minimal @entity137 , although the response rate was only 14%. Until a more specific treatment is found, an optimal chemotherapeutic regimen needs to be established.

title: The role of cytotoxic chemotherapy in the management of @entity146 and malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary in the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary tumors', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic tumor', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and @entity71 ( @entity71 ) by gestational age and race/ethnicity. METHODS: Nested case-control study using the Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) medical records. The study cohort included @entity1 aged 5 to 11 years who were delivered and cared for in the KPSC between 1995 and 2010 (N = 308,634). Case @entity1 had a diagnosis of @entity71 and received >=  2 prescriptions specific to @entity71 during the follow-up period. For each case, 5 control @entity1 were matched by age at diagnosis. Exposures were defined by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. A conditional regression model was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS: Among eligible @entity1 , 13,613 (4.3%) had a diagnosis of @entity71 . Compared with control @entity1 , case @entity1 were more likely to be male and of white or African American race/ethnicity. Case @entity1 were more likely to be exposed to @entity63 (OR = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.21). When stratified by gestational age, cases born at 28 to 33, 34 to 36, and 37 to 42 weeks of gestation, were more likely to be exposed to @entity63 (ORs, 1.6 [95% CI 1.2-2.1], 1.2 [95% CI 1.1-1.3], and 1.1 [95% CI 1.0-1.2], respectively) compared with controls. IHC was associated with increased odds of @entity71 across all race/ethnicity groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity63 , especially @entity600 , @entity649 , and @entity1468 , are independently associated with @entity71 . This association was strongest in preterm births.

title: In utero exposure to XXXX and @entity71 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['IHCs', 'ischemic-hypoxic conditions']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth asphyxia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic-hypoxic conditions']


abstract: The radiosensitizing effect of a 100% w/v emulsion of a @entity29781 , @entity12915 , which carries 4 times more @entity26 than does Fluosol-DA 20% emulsion, was studied on two @entity1 @entity5 xenografts (HRT18 and HT29) and the @entity19 @entity5 EMT6. This effect was compared with that obtained with @entity15436 alone. The fluorocrit (amount of @entity29781 in the blood) and haematocrit remained unchanged from 7 to 65 min post-injection of the emulsion (8 ml/kg). @entity5 -bearing @entity19 were pretreated with 100% w/v @entity12915 emulsion doses ranging from 2 to 15 ml/kg in the presence of @entity15436 for 30 min prior to and during irradiation. The fluorocrit increased from 1.5% to 9.5% as the dose of 100% w/v @entity12915 emulsion increased from 2 to 15 ml/kg. The haematocrit remained the same for all the @entity29781 emulsion doses used. @entity5 radiosensitization varied with the @entity29781 emulsion dose. Clinically relevant doses (2-4 ml/kg) of the 100% w/v @entity12915 emulsion plus @entity15436 produced significantly more radiosensitization than @entity15436 alone, with sensitizing enhancement ratios of 1.4 for EMT6 and 1.7 for HRT18. The radiosensitivity of HRT18 cells was thus very close to that obtained with normally oxygenated cells. For higher doses (8-15 ml/kg) the radiosensitizing effect of 100% w/v @entity12915 emulsion plus @entity15436 becomes comparable to that of @entity15436 alone. These experiments show that clinically useful doses of 100% w/v @entity12915 plus @entity15436 produced @entity5 radiosensitization only at relatively low fluorocrits. Thus the fluorocrit, and hence the @entity29781 's @entity26 -carrying capacity, is not the only factor involved in radiosensitizing @entity5 cells by @entity26 -carrying @entity29781 emulsions.

title: Influence of the 100% w/v @entity12915 ( @entity12915 ) emulsion dose on XXXX radiosensitivity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity29781 :: ('CHEBI:38824', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorocarbon']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: From 1983 to 1991, 42 @entity1 were operated on for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) complicating @entity82 . Five presented with spontaneous @entity5 : three had posthepatitis B and two non-A non-B @entity82 . By contrast, 65 per cent of @entity1 with non-ruptured @entity157 had @entity7160 (P < 0.01). Laparotomy was carried out on an emergency basis (four @entity1 ) or after a 12-h delay (one) because of @entity1344 . Liver resection was performed in four cases (two wedge resections, one segmentectomy III, one extended right hepatectomy) and in the fifth @entity1 hepatic artery ligation was performed. Bleeding was controlled after all four resections with one @entity204 , while the @entity1 treated by ligation died during operation. Of the three surviving @entity1 after liver resection, two died, 6 and 12 months after surgery. One @entity1 is alive with recurrent @entity5 43 months after extended right hepatectomy. The present data, combined with analysis of 250 cases of ruptured @entity157 from the literature, indicate that emergency resection is the treatment of choice in @entity1 with limited @entity5 and preserved liver function. @entity99 , if available, is the next choice for high-risk @entity1 or before surgical resection of the @entity5 . More conservative surgical approaches are the last choice because of poor reported results.

title: Emergency liver resection for spontaneous @entity157 complicating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Transcatheter hepatic artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: We have identified a one megabase deletion in the 15q22-15q23 region in a @entity1 with @entity2438 , @entity245 , and mild @entity4238 . Genes that map within the deletion region and genes that are interrupted or rearranged at the deletion breakpoints are candidate genes for @entity2438 . Fluroescence in situ hybridization studies in this @entity1 revealed that part or all of the @entity15629 gene is absent from one chromosome 15 and a BAC clone containing the D15S124 gene locus hybridizes to only one chromosome 15. BAC clones containing the @entity55936 , and @entity55937 [ @entity55937 ] genes showed markedly reduced hybridization in the 15q22-q23 region on one chromosome 15 in the @entity1 . These BACs also hybridize to the 15q11-q13 region in close proximity to @entity28552 and @entity24245 , and in this region there is equal intensity of signal on the normal and on the deleted chromosome. There are previous reports of deletions and duplications of the 15q11-q13 region in @entity1 with @entity2438 . Our @entity1 represents the first report of a 15q22-q23 deletion. Hybridization of the @entity55936 and @entity55937 Bac clones to the 15q11-q13 and the 15q22-q23 regions of chromosome 15 may be due to the presence of @entity55936 or @entity55937 gene sequences or to the presence of other gene sequences or to non-coding homologous DNA sequences. The @entity55936 gene encodes a non-receptor protein @entity669 phosphatase. The @entity55937 [ @entity55937 ] gene is expressed mainly in the brain. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:765-770, 2000.

title: Analysis of a 1-megabase deletion in 15q22-q23 in an XXXX @entity1 : identification of candidate genes for @entity2438 and of homologous DNA segments in 15q22-q23 and 15q11-q13.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autistic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This manuscript reviews how @entity1 -reported outcomes data can be used to guide efforts to improve @entity1 outcomes. DESIGN: Review Manuscript. SETTING: The clinical management of chronic, non-cancer @entity158 . SUBJECTS: Adult @entity1 receiving treatment for chronic, non-cancer @entity158 . RESULTS: While there have been great advances in the science of @entity158 and various therapeutic medications and interventions, @entity1 outcomes are variable. This manuscript reviews how outcomes data can be used to guide efforts to improve @entity1 outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 outcomes can be improved with standardization of the process of @entity1 care, as well as through other quality improvement efforts. The cornerstone to any effort to improve @entity1 outcomes starts with the integration of valid outcomes data collection into ongoing @entity1 care. Outcome measurement tools should provide information on several key domains, yet the process of data collection should not pose a significant burden on either the @entity1 or health care team. Efforts to improve @entity1 outcomes are ongoing, and should be a high priority for every health care team.

title: Can assessing chronic XXXX outcomes data improve outcomes?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: 1. The effect of muscarinic antagonists considered to be selective for M1 receptors ( @entity4140 ) and for M2 receptors ( @entity9563 ) were studied on bronchoconstriction and @entity1168 elicited by stimulation of the vagal nerves and by i.v. @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) in anaesthetized @entity95 . 2. @entity4140 was equipotent as an antagonist of @entity1617 -induced responses at postjunctional muscarinic receptors in the heart, lung and blood vessels, whereas @entity9563 was at least ten times less potent at pulmonary and vascular muscarinic receptors. Thus, @entity9563 never caused complete inhibition of bronchoconstrictor or @entity551 responses to i.v. @entity1617 , whereas doses of @entity4140 in excess of 1 mumol kg-1 abolished all muscarinic responses. 3. In the lung, both antagonists inhibited bronchoconstriction caused by vagal stimulation and @entity1617 -induced bronchoconstriction to the same extent ( @entity4140 , mean ED50 65 +/- 22 and, 130 +/- 28 nmol kg-1 respectively; @entity9563 , ED50 greater than 10,000 nmol kg-1 for both responses). Enhancement of vagally-induced bronchoconstriction was never observed. 4. In the heart, however, both @entity4140 and @entity9563 were ten times less potent as antagonists of vagally-induced @entity1168 than of @entity1617 -induced @entity1168 . This differential blockade was unaltered by @entity1169 (1 mg kg-1) pretreatment. 5. It is concluded that there is no evidence for M1 or M2 muscarinic receptors in the pulmonary innervation of the @entity95 and the potency of the antagonists in abolishing in abolishing vagally-induced bronchoconstriction was consistent with blockade of M3 muscarinic receptors on airway smooth muscle. 6. The results suggest that M2 muscarinic receptors may exert an inhibitory effect on transmission in the parasympathetic nerves innervating the heart in the @entity95 . Blockade of such neuronal receptors would increase transmitter output to the atrial cells and explain the low potency of both antagonists in abolishing vagally-induced @entity1168 in the @entity95 .

title: Effect of @entity4140 and @entity9563 on cardiac and pulmonary muscarinic receptors in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity9563 :: ('MESH:D005703', 'Chemical') :: ['gallamine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['Pirenzepine', 'pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The natural history of venous reconstruction (VR) in terms of patency and clinical outcome after vascular @entity130 has not been well documented. This study consists of 32 @entity1 who had VR performed for extremity vascular @entity130 and were available for long-term assessment (mean follow-up time 49 months, range 6 to 108 months). The types of repair performed were as follows: lateral venorrhaphy (simple repair) (56%), interposition grafting (22%), patch repair (12.5%), and end-to-end repair (9.5%). Seventeen @entity1 underwent venography after the operation with documentation of repair patency in eight @entity1 (46%) and @entity715 in nine (54%). Only two @entity1 had significant clinical @entity4 at follow-up examination. Noninvasive venous evaluation consisted of Doppler ultrasonography, impedance plethysmography, photoplethysmography, and color-flow duplex scanning (CFDS). The photoplethysmography-derived venous refilling time of the injured extremity was 34.9 +/- 16.2 seconds whereas that of the contralateral noninjured extremity was 36.8 +/- 16.1 seconds (p = 0.5). Based on standard criteria for CFDS, 90% of VRs were patent. Eight repairs that were patent in the early postoperative period remained patent on CFDS. Of the nine repairs with early @entity715 , eight were assessed as patent on follow-up CFDS. In conclusion, VR is a durable surgical procedure associated with minimal morbidity, good long-term patency, and preservation of venous competence. The natural history of thrombosed VRs appears to be one of @entity715 absorption with recanalization.

title: Long-term results of venous reconstruction after vascular XXXX in civilian practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between BMI and mortality in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2175 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), height and weight measurements, and medical history were obtained from 4,483 community-dwelling adults, aged 40-79 years, in 1972-1974. A total of 373 @entity1 with either a history of @entity6 or FPG > or = 7.77 mmol/l were studied. Subjects were grouped into four sex-specific weight categories based on U.S. population data. Vital status after 14 years was known for 99.9% of the @entity1 studied. Cox models were used to assess relative survival by weight category. RESULTS: @entity6 @entity1 and @entity1 of average weight had the lowest mortality. A J-shaped relative risk curve by weight category was found, with a poorer survival rate for those who were thin, overweight, or @entity28 . This effect was not explained by early mortality or cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Being thin may not provide a mortality benefit for diabetic @entity1 and @entity1 . Average weight appears to be desirable.

title: Given XXXX , is fat better than thin?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']