abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of pretreatment with @entity1937 1 microg/kg and the effect of gender on the incidence of @entity2045 after anesthesia induction with @entity4671 . DESIGN: This was a randomized, double-blind study. SETTING: The study was conducted at a university hospital. @entity1 : Sixty @entity1 were pretreated in a randomized double-blinded fashion with @entity1937 1 microg/kg or placebo. Two minutes after @entity1937 or placebo injection, @entity4671 0.3 mg/kg was given. MEASUREMENTS: @entity2045 was recorded with a scale of 0 to 3. The grade of sedation (none, mild, moderate, severe), @entity390 , @entity111 , and @entity386 were recorded after injection of both drugs. MAIN RESULTS: The incidence of @entity2045 was significantly lower in the @entity1937 group (6.7%) than in the placebo group (70%) (P < 0.001). None of the @entity1 experienced sedation, @entity386 , @entity390 , or @entity111 after injection of both drugs. In the placebo group, male @entity1 were associated with significantly increased incidence of @entity2045 after @entity4671 administration. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with @entity1937 1 microg/kg reduced @entity2045 after @entity4671 induction without side effects such as sedation, @entity386 , @entity390 , or @entity111 . @entity1 experience increased incidence of @entity2045 than @entity1 after @entity4671 administration.

title: @entity1937 pretreatment reduces @entity2045 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus', 'Myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity4671 :: (MESH:D005045,Chemical) :: ['etomidate']


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells have been subdivided according to their @entity4071 / @entity2940 expression into at least 2 subgroups. We examined the distribution of these NK subgroups in @entity1 . In the blood of normal individuals, @entity4071 ++/ @entity2940 +/CD3- NK cells predominate, constituting more than 90% of all NK cells. In contrast, decidua is infiltrated almost exclusively by @entity4071 (+/-)/ @entity2940 +/CD3- NK cells (>90%), a fact so far seen in context with decidua being an immunoprivileged tissue. However, this NK subgroup can also be detected in the blood, where it comprises about 10% of NK cells. We have found that normal (colon) as well as neoplastic (ovarian and urothelial carcinoma) tissues are also predominantly infiltrated by this @entity4071 +/- NK subgroup. Lymphatic fluid draining solid tissues contains @entity4071 +/- NK cells exclusively, with absolute numbers of NK cells being very low. No predominating NK subgroup was seen in ascites. @entity4071 +/- NK cells, when tested against the target cell lines K562 and JAR, revealed a cytotoxic spectrum different from @entity4071 ++ NK cells and from T cells. A change in the @entity4071 / @entity2940 /CD3 phenotype was not seen in either subgroup in long-term cultures containing @entity1199 (1,000 U/ml). Our data indicate that the decidua is not the only solid tissue infiltrated by @entity4071 +/- NK cells. Other normal and malignant tissues were also infiltrated predominantly by this NK cell subgroup. We suggest that @entity4071 +/- NK cells represent a functionally distinct NK subgroup involved in the surveillance of solid tissues.

title: A distinct distribution of natural killer cell subgroups in XXXX tissues and blood.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Objective: We hypothesized that @entity1 with @entity71 were typified by distress more than by functional difficulties. Thus, a decline in state @entity148 while performing a cognitive task when taking @entity2727 would discriminate between @entity71 @entity1 and controls. Method: State @entity148 and cognitive performance on a continuous performance test were assessed in @entity71 @entity1 and controls with and without taking @entity2727 . Results: State @entity148 and cognitive performance improved from baseline in 36 @entity71 adults after taking @entity2727 . In 25 controls, cognitive performance improved, but state @entity148 did not abate after a recess. In two additional studies, 5 controls were evaluated at baseline and after receiving @entity2727 , and showed improvement in cognitive assessment but not in state @entity148 . Five @entity71 adults were assessed at baseline and after a recess, and showed no improvement. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that adult @entity71 @entity1 are characterized by distress and the relief of this distress under effective therapy as expressed by a decline in state @entity148 while they perform a cognitive task. (J. of Att. Dis. 2013; XX(X) 1-XX).

title: @entity2727 Reduces State Anxiety During a Continuous Performance Test That Distinguishes Adult XXXX @entity1 From Controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze @entity281 of the surgical site among @entity1 undergoing clean-wound surgery for correction of @entity3330 . METHODS: This was a historical cohort study developed in a large-sized hospital in Belo Horizonte. Data covering the period from July 2007 to July 2009 were gathered from the records in electronic medical files, relating to the characteristics of the @entity1 , surgical procedures and surgical @entity281 . The risk factors for @entity281 were identified by means of statistical tests on bilateral hypotheses, taking the significance level to be 5%. Continuous variables were evaluated using Student's t test. Categorical variables were evaluated using the chi-square test, or @entity16043 's exact test, when necessary. For each factor under analysis, a point estimate and the 95% confidence interval for the relative risk were obtained. In the final stage of the study, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: 432 @entity1 who underwent clean-wound surgery for correcting @entity3330 were included in this study. The rate of incidence of surgical site @entity281 was 4.9% and the risk factors identified were the presence of @entity64 (odds ratio, OR  =  5.0) and length of preoperative hospital stay greater than four days (OR  =  3.3). CONCLUSION: To prevent surgical site @entity281 in operations for treating @entity3330 , measures involving assessment of @entity1 ' clinical conditions by a multiprofessional team, reduction of the length of preoperative hospital stay and prevention of complications resulting from @entity281 will be necessary.

title: Length of preoperative hospital stay: a risk factor for reducing surgical XXXX cases.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['infection in femoral fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current imaging modalities are inadequate in preoperatively predicting regional lymph node @entity3 (RLNM) status in @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Here, we designed support vector machine (SVM) model to address this issue by integrating epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)-related biomarkers along with clinicopathological variables. METHODS: Using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry, the EMT-related biomarkers expression was measured in 193 @entity5 @entity1 . Of which, 74 @entity1 were assigned to the training set to select the robust variables for designing SVM model. The SVM model predictive value was validated in the testing set (119 @entity1 ). RESULTS: In training set, eight variables, including six EMT-related biomarkers and two clinicopathological variables, were selected to devise SVM model. In testing set, we identified 63 @entity1 with high risk to RLNM and 56 @entity1 with low risk. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of SVM in predicting RLNM were 68.3%, 81.1% and 72.3%, respectively. Importantly, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SVM model was indeed an independent predictor of RLNM status (odds ratio, 11.536; 95% confidence interval, 4.113-32.361; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our SVM-based model displayed moderately strong predictive power in defining the RLNM status in @entity5 @entity1 , providing an important approach to select RLNM high-risk subgroup for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

title: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarkers and support vector machine guided model in preoperatively predicting regional lymph node XXXX for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'RC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Local administration of drugs by means of aerosol device is widely used in the treatment of @entity565 . Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this method depends on an adequate inhalation technique (IT), which available evidence has shown to be rather problematic. The aim of this study was to assess IT in out- @entity1 with @entity565 who frequently use aerosol therapy with Pressurized @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ), pressurized inhalers with spacer ( @entity4185 -S) and the Astra-Draco Turbuhaler system (TH). A sample of 150 adults with @entity565 were evaluated. These @entity1 had been followed up for than two years and they often used one of the devices mentioned above. The IT has broken down into several steps for each procedure. Percentages of @entity1 with one error in the IT were 50%, 44% and 42% for @entity4185 , @entity4185 -S and TH procedures, respectively. 18%, 20% and 14% of @entity1 committed three errors in the IT, respectively. Differences detected were not significant. Seven @entity1 committed errors in every step of the IT. In conclusion, the level of errors found in our study is high, similar to that cited in the existing literature. It is also roughly equivalent for the three devices tested. We believe that the proper teaching monitoring of IT skills is highly important in the treatment of @entity565 .

title: Assessment of the inhalation technique in asthmatic XXXX : a comparative study of three aerosol devices.

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'Metered dose inhalers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study a @entity1 with bilateral uveal effusions and @entity726 as an initial manifestation of @entity1252 . DESIGN: A case report. METHODS: The @entity1 presented with bilateral uveal effusions and @entity2747 . A detailed ocular examination with ultrasonography and a comprehensive medical evaluation with laboratory testing were performed. RESULTS: The ocular examination revealed bilateral uveal effusions with angle-closure and elevated intraocular pressures. A systemic evaluation revealed bilateral @entity1143 and laboratory values consistent with @entity1252 . After medical and laser therapy failed to lower the intraocular pressure, @entity121 , and @entity3193 were successful in controlling the @entity726 . CONCLUSIONS: Uveal effusion with @entity726 can be a presenting sign for @entity1252 . If @entity735 are not present, a systemic evaluation is warranted in assessing a @entity1 with uveal effusions and secondary @entity2747 . @entity121 , and @entity3193 may be effective in lowering intraocular pressure.

title: @entity2747 as an initial presentation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'secondary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['antecedent ocular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal drainage']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Partial-thickness sclerectomies, linear sclerostomies', 'partial thickness sclerectomies, linear sclerostomies']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: The antifungal activity of @entity3636 extract of leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius was evaluated in @entity54 infected @entity19 . Swiss albino @entity19 (60) were divided into five groups. All the groups were immunosuppressed with @entity786 and @entity7043 couple of days prior to intranasal inoculation with @entity54 conidia (10(6)) in all the groups, except the first. Treatment was initiated at 24 h of fungal inoculation and continued up to day 14, and included @entity2379 (1 mg/kg orally) for group III and extract of Acanthus ilicifolius at 250 mg and 500 mg/kg for group IV and V, respectively. Groups I and II received sterile water orally for the same period. From each group, three @entity19 were sacrificed after 1 h and the remaining @entity19 on the 14(th) day of inoculation. One hour post-inoculation lung colony forming unit count confirmed the delivery of conidia into the lungs. Colony forming unit count, intensity of gross necropsy changes and histopathological changes were highest in group II. It improved in group III and also in groups IV and V in dose-dependent manner. Lesions were absent in the noninfected group. Lesions included maximum @entity32 of lung, multifocal diffused @entity39 on kidney and moderate microgranulomas on liver. From this study, it was concluded that @entity3636 extract of Acanthus ilicifolius contains active principles that are absorbed after oral administration to produce systemic effects when given at 500 mg/kg dose.

title: Antifungal Activity of Leaves of Mangroves Plant Acanthus licifolius Against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic granulomas']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity7043 :: ('MESH:C015087', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone acetate']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to provide data on the prevalence of clinical signs of @entity130 to the chin and of parental report of such injuries in a group of @entity1 visiting a private paediatric dental practice. SAMPLE AND METHODS: The study group comprised 303 @entity1 (151 @entity1 and 152 @entity1 ) whose dental age was within the limits in which all primary molars are present. The @entity1 visited the author's private practice for purposes other than @entity130 and its dental implications. Data collected included age, gender, presence and location of @entity174 in primary molars, presence of a scar on the @entity1 's chin, and parental report of previous @entity130 . RESULTS: Fractured primary molars were detected in 96 (31.7%) @entity1 . 79 (26%) @entity1 had a scar on the chin and previous @entity130 were reported for 110 (36.3%) @entity1 . @entity1 presented a higher prevalence of evidence of @entity130 than @entity1 . The male/female ratios for @entity174 , scar on the chin and previous @entity130 were 1.5:1, 1.8:1 and 1.5:1 respectively. These differences were statistically significant (chi 2, P = 0.012, P = 0.002 and P = 0.008 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded from this survey that @entity130 to the chin are not infrequent and the incidence of injuries to the chin is higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 .

title: XXXX to the chin: a survey in a paediatric dental practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Boys', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractured molars']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'chin injuries', 'trauma', 'chin injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Traumatic injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE(S): Drug resistant @entity3064 have emerged as a major problem in many hospitals and intensive care units. Various types of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are responsible for resistance to @entity3405 antibiotics in different parts of the world. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of integron class1 (INT 1) and ESBL types PER-1, PER-2 and VEB-1 among A. baumannii strains isolated from Tabriz, North-West of Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 100 A. baumannii isolates collected from different clinical samples were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Production of ESBL was investigated by testing resistance against @entity5505 , @entity3524 , @entity2756 and verified by Double Disk Synergy Test. DNA was extracted from the isolates and the frequency of INT 1 and ESBL types PER-1, PER-2 and VEB-1 were determined by PCR using specific primers. RESULTS: Among 100 A. baumannii isolates screened, 80 isolates were multidrug-resistant and 70 isolates were positive for ESBL production. PCR screening revealed that 74 % of the isolates contained class 1 integron, 51% were positive for PER-1 gene, 10% positive for VEB1 whereas none of the isolates were positive for PER2 type gene. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of ESBL types VEB and PER in A. baumannii from North West of Iran. The results of this study demonstrated high prevalence of PER-1 and VEB-1 type ESBLs among A. baumannii isolates in the study region and reminded the necessity of appropriate infection control strategy to prevent further spread of infection by these organisms.

title: Prevalence of PER and VEB Type Extended Spectrum Betalactamases among Multidrug Resistant XXXX Isolates in North-West of Iran.

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The pulmonary vein ablation catheter ( @entity8909 ) is designed for @entity358 ( @entity358 ). Electrical reconnection of pulmonary veins is believed to result in AF recurrence. The purpose of this study was to establish the location and extent of PV reconnection after @entity358 with the @entity8909 catheter. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity1 (79 % male, age 60        9 years) that underwent a redo procedure for recurrent AF after @entity8909 ablation were assessed for prevalence and location of reconnection. The number of reconnected PV's was 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 in 2 (2.4 %), 14 (17 %), 23 (28 %), 28 (34 %), and 15 (18 %) @entity1 , respectively. Reconnection of left superior, left inferior, left common, right superior, and right inferior PV's was found in 66, 63, 83, 57, and 67 %, respectively (p   =   0.48). In the left PV's, reconnection was located significantly more anterior than posterior; LSPV anterior 32/70 vs posterior 13/70 (p   <   0.01), LIPV anterior 26/70 vs posterior 9/70 (p   <   0.01). In the right PV's reconnection was distributed equally in all quadrants. Different modes of RF delivery during @entity8909 ablation (bipolar/unipolar 2:1 [n   =   35] vs. 4:1 [n   =   47]) yielded comparable rates of PV reconnection. During follow-up (median 296 days) no AF/ @entity1129 was documented in 57 @entity1 (70 %). CONCLUSION: Almost all @entity1 (98 %) with AF after @entity8909 ablation show reconnection of at least one PV. All PV's are equally likely to show reconnection. In the left PV's, reconnection was found more often anteriorly than posteriorly. During @entity358 with the @entity8909 catheter, prevalent sites of reconnection deserve close attention to increase success.

title: Conduction recovery in @entity1 with recurrent atrial fibrillation after XXXX using multi-electrode duty cycled radiofrequency ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['PVI', 'pulmonary vein isolation']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary vein isolation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As a result of prolonged survival, more @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) participate in the labour force. The aim of this study was to evaluate their education, occupation levels and risk factors for @entity717 . METHOD: 207 @entity1 answered a self-administered questionnaire about their educational level and work status. Independently, medical records were reviewed for illness severity indicators. RESULTS: 39 @entity1 (19%) were students, 117 (57%) were in the labour force, 13 (6%) were seeking employment and 38 (18%) were inactive. @entity1577 @entity1 had a higher educational level and were more likely to hold skilled jobs and to work part time than the general population. FEV1 and educational level were the strongest predictive factors of disability. CONCLUSION: Many @entity1577 @entity1 have access to professional life. Their higher educational levels improve the chances of attaining employment, which highlights the need for career counselling. Working part time helps to maintain employment despite declining health.

title: @entity717 in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanism of @entity18297 and @entity9653 latent membrane protein 1 ( @entity25062 ) aberrant expression in the nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis and to estimate if it can act as a molecular marker for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry combined with previously made tissue microarrays were used to study the expression of @entity18297 and @entity25062 in the nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis tissues. We investigated the role of over expression of @entity18297 and @entity25062 in the development and progression of @entity5 and their relation with the clinicopathological features of @entity5 and whether they could act as molecular markers in benign and malignant @entity5 . RESULTS: The positive percentage of @entity18297 and @entity25062 protein expression in the @entity5 was significantly increased as compared with that in atypically hyperplastic nasopharyngeal epithelium, hyperplastic nasopharyngeal epithelium and histologically normal nasopharyngeal epithelium (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.01). @entity18297 and @entity25062 proteins were significantly higher in atypically hyperplastic nasopharyngeal epithelium than those in the hyperplastic nasopharyngeal epithelium and normal nasopharyngeal epithelium (P<0.05 and P<0.01). The positive expression of @entity18297 and @entity25062 proteins in clinical T3 and T4 staged @entity5 was higher than that in clinical T1 and T2 staged @entity5 (P<0.01 and P<0.05). The positive expression of @entity18297 protein in the @entity5 with lymph node @entity3 was higher than that in the @entity5 without lymph node @entity3 (P<0.01). The positive percentage of @entity25062 protein was significantly increased in non-keratinizing @entity189 compared with undifferentiated @entity189 (P<0.05 and P<0.05). The expression of @entity18297 protein in the @entity5 had significant positive correlation with @entity25062 (r=0.354, P<0.001). Combined molecular phenotype of both @entity18297 and @entity25062 expression was a good marker to distinguish @entity5 from non-cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelium. CONCLUSION: The expression of @entity18297 and @entity25062 protein in the @entity5 is positively correlated, and both @entity18297 and @entity25062 protein play important roles in the nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis either together or successively promoting the malignant transformation of nasopharyngeal epithelium and the development and progression of @entity5 . Both @entity18297 and @entity25062 positive expression may act as good markers for @entity5 differential diagnosis.

title: [Role of @entity18297 and XXXX in the nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis by high-throughput tissue microarray technology].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['NPC', 'nasopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma and keratinizing carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9653 :: ('10376', 'Species') :: ['Epstein-Barr virus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity25062 :: (9260,Gene) :: ['LMP1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National @entity165 Education Program recommends achievement of a defined target level of low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) for the treatment of @entity1007 . They endorse the use of @entity1670 and/or sequestrants as the first line of therapy to achieve such target @entity11429 level. This recommendation has not been compared with the use of @entity5753 as initial therapy if multidrug regimens are required to achieve goal @entity11429 . METHODS: Prospectively collected data on tolerance and effectiveness for @entity1670 , sequestrants, and @entity5753 were obtained from a lipid clinic at a large midwestern Veterans Affairs medical center. We used a decision tree to compare the complexity and cost of three sequential drug algorithms used for the following initial @entity11429 levels: 4.14, 4.91, 5.69, and 6.47 mmol/L (160, 190, 220, and 250 mg/dL). Algorithm 1 was @entity1670 followed by a sequestrant and then @entity5753 ; algorithm 2, a sequestrant followed by @entity1670 and then @entity5753 ; and algorithm 3, @entity5753 followed by @entity1670 and a sequestrant. Drug and laboratory costs were obtained from the pharmacy and pathology services at the same institution. Sensitivity analyses were performed on the tolerance and effectiveness of each drug as well as drug and laboratory cost estimates. RESULTS: The probability of achieving target @entity11429 level (3.36 mmol/L [130 mg/dL]) decreased as initial @entity11429 level increased. As a rule, algorithm 3 required fewer drugs in combination to achieve the target level for all initial @entity11429 levels modeled. In addition, the use of @entity5753 was high across all algorithms at all initial @entity11429 levels modeled. Algorithm 1 was less expensive than algorithm 2 or 3 at a low initial @entity11429 level (4.14 mmol/L [160 mg/dL]), with an average cost of  375 vs  454 vs  585, respectively. At all other initial @entity11429 levels (4.91, 5.69, and 6.47 mmol/L [190, 220, and 250 mg/dL]), algorithm 2 was slightly less expensive than algorithm 1. Algorithm 3 became relatively less expensive as initial @entity11429 level increased: 56% more expensive than algorithm 1 at an initial @entity11429 level of 4.14 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) as compared with 7% more expensive than algorithm 1 at an initial @entity11429 level of 6.47 mmol/L (250 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS: Fulfillment of the target @entity11429 approach recommended by the National @entity165 Education Program often requires the use of multiple drugs. When @entity5753 is used initially, the regimen becomes simpler, albeit more expensive. At initial @entity11429 levels of 4.91 mmol/L (190 mg/dL) or higher, this difference in cost becomes progressively smaller (7% at 6.47 mmol/L [250 mg/dL]), making algorithm 3 the better alternative; at low initial @entity11429 levels (4.14 mmol/L [160 mg/dL]), a @entity1670 -first regimen is reasonably simple and substantially less expensive. At moderate and severe initial @entity11429 levels (4.91 and 5.69 mmol/L [190 and 220 mg/dL]), the @entity5753 -first regimen may be advantageous.

title: Combination drug therapy for XXXX . The trade-off between cost and simplicity.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: Recently, great interest has focused on the phenomenon of @entity117 resistance, which may be defined as clinical or laboratory resistance. Monitoring the antiplatelet effect appears to be relevant in the presence of clinical implications, but no data are available on the possible clinical implications of the failure of @entity117 to inhibit tests of platelet function in the setting of @entity1187 . This study evaluated the role of @entity117 resistance in the occurrence of 1-year major adverse coronary events (MACEs) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We prospectively evaluated 146 @entity1 (115 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 ; median age 65 years, range 30 to 84) with @entity583 who underwent primary PCI. Exclusion criteria were the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, hematocrit <or=30%, and a platelet count <100,000/mm3. Platelet function analyzer-100 closure times by collagen-epinephrine were used for measuring platelet function in venous blood samples obtained 12 to 15 hours after revascularization. @entity1 were considered @entity117 resistant in the presence of a collagen-epinephrine closure time of <203 seconds. After 1-year follow-up, MACEs were recorded in 44 of 146 @entity1 (30.1%). A significantly higher percentage of @entity1 with MACEs had @entity117 resistance (39.1% vs 23.2%, p <0.05). A Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the overall risk of MACEs was significantly higher among @entity1 with @entity117 resistance (p = 0.02). A Cox regression analysis that adjusted for age, gender, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, systolic left ventricular function, number of stenosed coronary arteries, and previous @entity583 , PCI, or coronary artery bypass graft showed @entity117 resistance to be a significant and independent risk factor for the future MACEs (hazard ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 9.2, p <0.05). In conclusion, our data demonstrate that @entity117 resistance after PCI is a significant and independent predictor of MACEs in @entity1 with @entity583 undergoing primary PCI.

title: Usefulness of @entity117 resistance after percutaneous coronary intervention for XXXX in predicting one-year major adverse coronary events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dermatologic surgery is usually possible under local anesthesia, even when large amounts of highly diluted anesthetic solutions are required (tumescent anesthesia). Although special pumps now render such large injections effortless, it is usually still necessary to hold and guide the injection cannula. We have overcome this handicap by injecting anesthetic solutions slowly with an infusomat, which allows slow painless automatic infusion into the subcutaneous layer. METHOD: The speed of infusion varied between 40 ml and 1500 ml per hour depending on location, size of the operation, and needle size. Volumes usually ranged from 1 ml to 500 ml but rose as high as 1000 ml if necessary. We found it easier to inject larger amounts than with the conventional method. We used 21-gauge to 30-gauge needles with a length of 1 to 10 cm. The anesthetic solution was @entity5403 (Xylonest), and the dilution liquid was original Ringer's solution in 500 ml bottles with no additives. The concentration of the solution varied between 0.4% and 0.1%. After setting up the system, the physician even can leave the room. Especially for @entity1 and very anxious @entity1 , this feature is calming. MATERIAL: We used this type of subcutaneous infusion anesthesia (SIA) in our department to treat 502 @entity1 ranging in age from 3 to 92 years (mean age: 51 years). We performed all kinds of @entity5 operations (n = 213), dermabrasions (n = 5), scar revisions (n = 21), stripping of the long and short saphenous veins (n = 82), sentinel node dissection (n = 27), complete lymph node dissection of the axilla (n = 12) and groin (n = 17), and 125 other operations as well. RESULTS: There were no severe complications. Postoperative recovery was fast. 110 (91%) of 121 @entity1 who had previously experienced other forms of anesthesia for the same kind of operation preferred SIA. CONCLUSIONS: SIA Ringer's solution diluted @entity5403 is an economical, safe and comfortable technique for nearly all skin operations, even for @entity1 and very sensitive @entity1 .

title: [Subcutaneous infusion anesthesia with XXXX diluted with Ringer's lactate].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

answer: @entity5403 :: (MESH:D011318,Chemical) :: ['prilocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acute exacerbation (AE) of @entity16058 ( @entity401 ) is a potentially fatal @entity260 following @entity2 resection. Postoperative pyothorax (PP) following development of a @entity292 ( @entity292 ) after lung surgery induces continuous @entity32 and may affect the occurrence of AE. We investigated the relationship between AE and PP in @entity1 who underwent pulmonary resection for @entity2 . METHODS: A total of 941 @entity1 who underwent lung resection due to primary @entity2 from 2006 to 2015 at our hospital were investigated. RESULTS: Of the 941 enrolled @entity1 , 137 (14.6  %) had idiopathic @entity401 and were predominantly male (p  <  0.01). Pathological stage Ia and @entity420 were observed at significantly high rates in the non- @entity401 group (p  <  0.01). @entity1 with @entity401 showed a tendency for a higher percentage of PP (p  =  0.054). Of the 137 @entity1 with @entity401 , 17 (12.4  %) showed postoperative AE. Furthermore, PP was observed in three cases in the AE(+) group and two in the AE(-) group. PP had a correlation with a significantly higher incidence of AE (p  =  0.007). CONCLUSION: PP was found to be a significant risk factor for postoperative AE in @entity2 @entity1 undergoing a pulmonary resection. Since @entity401 itself is likely a risk factor for PP, prevention of @entity292 is important for @entity1 with @entity401 , as it can lead to PP.

title: Postoperative pyothorax a risk factor for acute exacerbation of @entity16058 following XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['BPF', 'bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous retrospective studies have suggested that @entity439 ( @entity439 ) are associated with @entity64 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the embolic potential of @entity439 . METHODS: Of 846 consecutive @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery from December 1990 to March 1993, we identified 42 @entity1 who had @entity439 as an incidental finding on intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. Patency was determined by color and/or contrast echocardiography. The majority of @entity1 were given @entity117 postoperatively. @entity1 were monitored by personal and/or telephone interviews, and their clinical conditions were confirmed by their personal physicians. Any @entity1 with any question of a neurologic event had a detailed neurologic history, examination, and computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging scan. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity439 in our population was 4.9%; there were 22 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 with a mean age of 72 years. Oscillating @entity439 were present in 28 @entity1 and fixed @entity439 in 10. The mean diameter of the @entity439 was 21 +/- 4 mm. Eighteen (56%) of 32 @entity1 had a patent @entity439 . @entity1 were monitored for a mean period of 69.5 months (56 to 85 months). No @entity1 had a cerebrovascular event or systemic embolization. CONCLUSION: The risk of cerebrovascular events or @entity64 in our @entity1 population with incidental @entity439 was low. If treatment is needed for this condition, @entity117 appears to be effective therapy.

title: Low incidence of @entity64 with XXXX : A prospective, long-term study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic strokes']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal aneurysms', 'ASA', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['atrial septal aneurysms']


abstract: Plasma concentrations of Ab40 and Ab42 rise with age and are increased in @entity1 with mutations that cause early-onset @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Amyloid beta (Ab) plasma levels were successfully used as an (endo)phenotype for gene discovery using a linkage approach in families with dominant forms of disease. Here, we searched for loci involved in Ab plasma levels in a series of @entity3257 @entity1 with @entity101 in the Erasmus Rucphen Family study. Ab40 and Ab42 levels were determined in 125 subjects with severe @entity101 . All @entity1 were genotyped with a 6,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) illumina array designed for linkage analysis. We conducted linkage analysis of plasma Ab levels. None of the linkage analyses yielded genome-wide significant logarithm of odds (LOD) score over 3.3, but there was suggestive evidence for linkage (LOD  >  1.9) for two regions: 1q41 (LOD  =  2.07) and 11q14.3 (LOD  =  2.97), both for Ab40. These regions were followed up with association analysis in the study subjects and in 320 subjects from a population-based cohort. For the Ab40 region on chromosome 1, association of several SNPs was observed at the @entity3667 gene ( @entity3667 ) (p  =  2.58     10(-4) for @entity45119 ). On chromosome 11q14-21, we found some association (p  =  3.1     10(-3) for @entity45120 ). This linkage study of plasma concentrations of Ab40 and Ab42 yielded two suggestive regions, of which one points toward a known locus for familial @entity195 .

title: Linkage analysis for plasma amyloid beta levels in @entity1 with @entity101 implicates Ab-40 levels to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-demented']

answer: @entity3667 :: (5664,Gene) :: ['presenilin 2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of socioeconomic factors on disease activity in a Latin American (LA) early @entity309 ( @entity309 ) multinational inception cohort at baseline. METHODS: Clinical evaluation, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), 4-variable Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) @entity717 ( @entity717 ), and @entity2681 were recorded in 1,093 @entity1 with early @entity309 (<1 year from onset). Multivariate analyses evaluated influences of sex, age, marital status, education, medical coverage, SES, and ethnicity on HAQ @entity717 , DAS28-ESR, and presence of @entity2681 . RESULTS: Ethnicities included 43% Mestizo, 31% Caucasian, 19% African LA, 4% Amerindian, and 3% other. Fifty-eight percent were of low/low-middle SES, 42% had <8 years of education, 21% had no medical coverage, median disease duration was 6 months (25th, 75th percentiles 4, 9 months), median HAQ @entity717 score was 1.25 (25th, 75th percentiles 0.63, 2.00), median DAS28-ESR score was 6.2 (25th, 75th percentiles 4.9, 7.2), and 25% had @entity2681 . @entity1 and Mestizos, African LA, and Amerindians had earlier onset than @entity1 or Caucasians (P < 0.01). When adjusted by country, the analysis of covariance model showed that low/low-middle SES, female sex, partial coverage, and older age were associated with worse HAQ @entity717 scores; only low/low-middle SES was associated with higher DAS28 scores. Statistically significant differences were found in HAQ @entity717 and DAS28 scores between countries. When excluding country, low/low-middle SES, female sex, and no coverage were associated with worse HAQ @entity717 and DAS28 scores, whereas separated/divorced/widowed status was associated with worse HAQ @entity717 scores and age was associated with worse DAS28 scores. Logistic regression showed that older age, no coverage, and the Amerindian and other ethnic groups were associated with @entity2681 . CONCLUSION: We compared early @entity309 @entity1 from the main LA ethnic groups. Our findings suggest that low/low-middle SES is important in determining disease activity. A more genetic-related background for @entity2681 is possible.

title: Early XXXX in Latin America: low socioeconomic status related to high disease activity at baseline.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'disability index']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity50 ( @entity50 ) is an uncommon cause of @entity64 that is usually treated medically with intravenous heparin therapy followed by long-term anticoagulation therapy. A series of @entity1 with @entity50 who underwent rheolytic thrombectomy with the AngioJet as a first-line adjunctive treatment in addition to standard anticoagulation therapy is presented. METHODS: Prospectively maintained endovascular databases at two institutions were retrospectively reviewed. The available clinical and imaging data were compiled at each institution and combined for analysis. RESULTS: Over 18 months, 13 @entity1 (seven @entity1 and six @entity1 ; age range 17-73 years, median age 45 years) with @entity50 were treated with rheolytic thrombectomy. Immediate (partial or complete) recanalization of the thrombosed intracranial sinuses was achieved in all @entity1 . At a median radiographic follow-up of 7 months there was continued patency of all recanalized sinuses. Clinical follow-up was available on nine @entity1 : modified Rankin score of 0 in four @entity1 , 1 in three @entity1 and 6 in two @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This series demonstrates the feasibility of performing mechanical thrombectomy as a first-line treatment for acute @entity50 . This technique facilitates the prompt restoration of intracranial venous outflow, which may result in rapid neurological and symptomatic improvement.

title: Mechanical thrombectomy as first-line treatment for XXXX : technical considerations and preliminary results using the AngioJet device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis', 'CVT']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['venous sinus thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Date, studies on thyroid volume and urinary @entity6893 excretion in @entity1 with @entity6 are not available. Sonographically determined parameters of the thyroid size are correlated to other anthropometrous data and the urinary @entity6893 excretion is correlated to @entity15157 , the HbA1c value and the @entity6 duration. METHOD: In this prospective study we evaluated sonographically the thyroid volume in 107 @entity1 with @entity6 and 112 healthy @entity1 . The urinary @entity6893 excretion was measured photometrically by using a modified ceric ion arsenious acid method for spontaneous urinary specimen and if available for the 24 h collected urin. RESULTS: The thyroid volume depended on site and age. A positive correlation of the thyroid volume and age, body weight and height, could be demonstrated. Referring to reference data a goitre prevalence of 30% in juvenile @entity1 with @entity6 was detected. Interestingly, juvenile type I diabetics presented with an average urinary @entity6893 excretion of 183.0 micrograms @entity6893 /g @entity1011 . Even the urinary @entity6893 excretion of 162.5 micrograms @entity6893 confirmed this increased level. The urinary @entity6893 excretion in 24 hours correlated with @entity15157 and the HbA1c level. The healthy @entity1 presented with an average urinary @entity6893 excretion of 42.6 micrograms @entity6893 /g @entity1011 . The mean value was clearly below the WHO recommendation of 150-300 micrograms @entity6893 /g @entity1011 . Only 2.8% of the healthy @entity1 examined exceeded the lower limit of this range. CONCLUSION: In addition to the existing distinct under supply of @entity6893 we assume an increased urinary @entity6893 excretion in context with the osmotic diuresis in juvenile diabetics. Contrary to current opinion, that these data are correlated to the daily intake of @entity6893 , which was calculated from urinary excretion rate, this thesis could not be affirmed for juvenile diabetics. Therefore it seems reasonable to frequently control thyroid volume and thyroid function in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity6 .

title: [Thyroid gland ultrasound and urinary iodine excretion in XXXX and adolescents with @entity6 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus type I']

entities_list: @entity15157 :: ('MESH:D006030', 'Disease') :: ['glucosuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity56 to asparaginase is common, but the differential diagnosis can be challenging and the diagnostic utility of antibody tests is unclear. We studied @entity56 and serum antibodies to @entity526 asparaginase (Elspar) in 410 @entity1 treated on St. Jude Total XV protocol for @entity981 . Of 169 @entity1 (41.2%) with clinical @entity566 , 147 (87.0%) were positive for anti-Elspar antibody. Of 241 @entity1 without @entity566 , 89 (36.9%) had detectable antibody. @entity566 (P=0.0002) and antibodies (P=6.6   10(-6)) were higher among @entity1 treated on the low-risk arm than among those treated on the standard/high-risk arm. Among those positive for antibody, the antibody titers were higher in those who developed @entity566 than in those who did not (P<1   10(-15)). Antibody measures at week 7 of continuation therapy had a sensitivity of 87-88% and a specificity of 68-69% for predicting or confirming clinical reactions. The level of antibodies was inversely associated with serum asparaginase activity (P=7.0   10(-6)). High antibody levels were associated with a lower risk of @entity2530 (odds ratio=0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-0.89; P=0.007). Antibodies were related to clinical @entity566 and to low systemic exposure to asparaginase, leading to lower risk of some adverse effects of therapy.

title: Clinical utility and implications of asparaginase antibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersensitivity', 'allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity2753 is common in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 and is associated with significant @entity16 . However, its potential effect on @entity283 ( @entity283 ) in @entity82 has not been investigated. We aimed at assessing the relationship between serum @entity1372 concentration and other clinical and analytical parameters on @entity283 in @entity82 with @entity843 . METHODS: A total of 523 @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 were prospectively investigated. Assessment of @entity283 was done with the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, which is divided into 8 domains, summarized in two components: physical component score (PCS) and @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ). Demographic, clinical, and analytical data at baseline were analyzed for their relationship with @entity283 . RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, independent predictive factors associated with an impaired PCS were non-alcoholic etiology of @entity82 , severe @entity843 , history of previous episodes of @entity99 and falls, presence of leg @entity4 , and low serum @entity1372 concentration. With respect to @entity1032 , only two factors were associated with the independent predictive value: low serum @entity1372 concentration and treatment with @entity11884 or @entity7718 . In both components, the scores decreased in parallel with the reduction in serum @entity1372 concentration. Variables more commonly associated with the independent predictive value in the individual 8 domains of PCS and @entity1032 were presence of leg @entity4 and serum @entity1372 concentration, 7 and 6 domains, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity1372 concentration and presence of leg @entity4 are major factors of the impaired @entity283 in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 .

title: Factors related to quality of life in @entity1 with XXXX and @entity843 : relevance of serum @entity1372 concentration and leg @entity4 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental component score', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQL', 'health-related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disturbances']

entities_list: @entity7718 :: ('MESH:C014635', 'Chemical') :: ['lactitol']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['Hyponatremia']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: In this review, we describe the physiological, genetic and pathological factors regulating the reductive metabolism of drugs with a @entity6178 group. @entity49443 (AH) was chosen as a model drug with a @entity6178 group. Species differences of AH reductase activity were observed in liver cytosol and microsomes of animals tested. AH reductase activity in liver microsomes of @entity35 was much higher in males than females. The activity was not detectable until 4 weeks of age after birth in both sexes, but increased markedly at puberty only in males. AH reductase activity in liver microsomes of male @entity35 was decreased by testectomy, and restored by the treatment with @entity3033 , indicating that the sex-related difference and postnatal development of the activity are regulated by @entity3800 . There was a strain difference of AH reductase activity in liver microsomes of male @entity35 . Of @entity35 strains tested, only @entity35 -Imamichi strain was found to lack male-specific microsomal enzyme activity. The inheritance pattern of AH reductase activity in liver microsomes of @entity35 was determined by mating the @entity74 @entity35 -Imamichi strain with Fischer-344 strain. @entity3839 -induced @entity6 significantly decreased AH reductase activity in liver microsomes of male @entity35 . Furthermore, the physiological role of AH reductase present in liver microsomes of male @entity35 was examined. We propose the possibility that the male-specific microsomal enzyme physiologically functions as a 20 beta- @entity14128 dehydrogenase.

title: [Physiological, genetic and pathological factors regulating the reductive metabolism of drugs with a XXXX group].

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity49443 :: ('MESH:D000092', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetohexamide']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity14128 :: ('CHEBI:35350', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity6178 :: (CHEBI:17087,Chemical) :: ['ketone']


abstract: PURPOSE: Data are lacking on prophylactic oral antibiotic use in @entity2650 repair cases. We evaluated the role of prophylactic oral antibiotics for preventing symptomatic @entity293 in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed consecutive @entity1 treated with stented primary/redo @entity2650 repair by a single surgeon from September 2009 to January 2012. All patients received antibiotics upon induction. Before April 1, 2011, @entity1 also received prophylactic oral antibiotics while stented. They were compared to those who underwent surgery after April 1, who received no prophylactic oral antibiotics. The primary outcome was symptomatic @entity293 , as captured from @entity1 records and verified by an electronic cross-check of ICD-10 codes. Secondary outcomes included @entity2688 , @entity292 , dehiscence and meatal stenosis. RESULTS: Of the 161 @entity1 reviewed 11 were unstented and 1 underwent followup elsewhere. Of the remaining 149 @entity1 78 received prophylactic oral antibiotics and 71 did not. The groups were well matched for age, @entity2650 characteristics, surgical technique and stent duration. Median followup was 17 months (range 0.2 to 33). No culture proven, symptomatic @entity293 developed in either group. One @entity1 in the prophylactic group was treated for @entity2688 by the pediatrician. The complication rate, including redo cases, was 18.2% in the prophylactic group and 15.3% in the nonprophylactic group (p = 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: When postoperative prophylactic oral antibiotics were not administered, we identified no increased incidence of symptomatic @entity293 or complications. Our data suggest that prophylactic oral antibiotics may not be needed in cases of @entity2650 repair. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the rational use of antimicrobials. It can potentially serve as a basis for a prospective, multicenter, randomized study.

title: Is there a role for prophylactic antibiotics after XXXX repair?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['stented hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['stented hypospadias']


abstract: The combination of @entity1487 and @entity900 has shown encouraging results in single institution pilot studies in @entity14 . This phase II SWOG study was undertaken to further evaluate this treatment. @entity900 was administered at a dose of 60 mg/M2 IV day 1, repeated every 21 days. @entity1487 was given at a dose of 15 mg/Kg IV days 1, 8, and 15, with cycles repeated every 21 days. Among 47 eligible @entity1 there were no complete responses and only three partial responses for an overall response rate of 6% with a 95% confidence interval of 1% to 18%. Seventeen @entity1 (36%) had stable disease/no response and 22 (47%) progressed. Five @entity1 (10%) had no evaluation and were assumed to have had no response, or were early deaths. Median survival was 9.1 months. Significant hematologic @entity137 was seen with grade 3 @entity1431 occurring in 11 @entity1 . There were felt to be two deaths definitely related to treatment and two additional deaths possibly treatment related. The combination of @entity1487 and @entity900 used in this dose and schedule is an ineffective and toxic regimen for treatment of @entity14 .

title: A phase II study of chemotherapy of metastatic XXXX with @entity1487 plus @entity900 . A Southwest Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Leksell gamma knife (LGK) is one of the treatment options for @entity977 . We report on our long-term experience treating @entity2012 using LGK. DESIGN: Since 1993 we have followed 96 @entity2012 @entity1 through periods of from 12 to 120 months. The mean follow-up period was 53.7 +/- 26.8 months. Seventy-two @entity1 were treated with neurosurgery prior to LGK; for 24 LGK was the primary treatment. Thirteen @entity1 were irradiated twice, due to persistent activity of the @entity652 or its residue. Pituitary functions were tested at 6-month intervals, post-irradiation. The target @entity5 volume for radiosurgery was between 93.3 and 12 700 mm3 (median 1350 mm3). RESULTS: Fifty per cent of the @entity1 achieved mean GH < 2.5 microg/l within 42 months, normalized their @entity442 within 54 months, and achieved GH suppression in the oral @entity413 tolerance test (oGTT) < 1 microg/l with normal @entity442 within 66 months. LGK effectiveness was dependent on initial @entity652 hormonal activity (GH and @entity442 serum levels), not on the size of the @entity652 . @entity1 with primary neurosurgery followed by LGK irradiation had better outcomes than those with LGK alone. Irradiation arrested all @entity652 growth, causing @entity5 shrinkage in 62.3% of @entity1 . Twenty-six developed @entity4614 when irradiated by 15 Gy (or more) on functional peritumoral pituitary tissue. No @entity4614 appeared using lower doses. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity2012 , LGK is a useful adjunct to primary neurosurgery when treating post-surgical residues because it can limit the duration of medical therapy. It can be used as a primary therapy when neurosurgery is not possible.

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for XXXX --long-term experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 had a repair of an @entity474 with @entity215 (n = 13) or double outlet right ventricle (n = 7). Mean age was 3.5 years. Surgical technique included transatrial-transpulmonary resection of @entity3585 and transatrial two patch repair of the @entity474 . Ten @entity1 required a transannular patch and one @entity1 had a right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit placed. There was no hospital mortality, and mean hospital stay was 15 days. One @entity1 had late @entity944 of unknown cause. Six @entity1 have required reoperation because of residual @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ), @entity339 , residual @entity3585 , and/or conduit stenosis. No @entity1 was reoperated on because of @entity3585 . Fifteen @entity1 are asymptomatic, one has exertional @entity1353 , and two have intermittent occasional @entity5143 . The transatrial-transpulmonary two patch repair and extensive relief of @entity3585 have given good immediate results. Reoperation rate has been high mainly due to @entity1757 and @entity339 .

title: Transatrial-transpulmonary repair of XXXX with @entity3585 .

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral incompetence']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular outflow tract obstruction', 'right ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'residual VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']


abstract: @entity17995 ( @entity17995 ) is a rare @entity2735 . Common sites of occurrence include the vulva, perianal region, perineum and scrotum. Despite frequent recurrences, surgery is the standard treatment. This study examines the recurrence rate for @entity17995 treated by conventional surgical management. Alternative and multimodal therapeutic approaches are reviewed. This retrospective analysis included all 30 @entity1 treated for @entity17995 at Roswell Park @entity5 Institute (RPCI) between 1970 and 1998. Following conventional surgical treatment, 44% of our @entity1 developed recurrence. Vulvectomy provided the lowest recurrence rate, but involved extensive tissue loss and functional debility. Multimodal treatment using Mohs' micrographic surgery and photodynamic therapy has been used at RPCI to manage @entity17995 with minimal tissue loss and no functional impairment. Surgical treatment offers a moderate chance of @entity17995 cure. Long-term multimodal approaches require close follow-up, but may conserve both tissue and function.

title: The Roswell Park XXXX Institute experience with extramammary Paget's disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17995 :: ('MESH:D010145', 'Disease') :: ['EMPD', "Extramammary Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasm']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several clinical and epidemiological studies describe @entity3562 as an independent @entity65 . Implication of cellular immunity in @entity731 also seems clear. This study aimed to analyze the association among plasma @entity3562 , neurological clinical events, and the morphology and immunocytology of carotid plaques in @entity1 with @entity543 >70% receiving surgical treatment. METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1 with @entity543 >70% receiving surgical treatment were studied; 58% had a history of @entity64 in the ipsilateral carotid territory. Plasma @entity1255 concentrations were determined by considering pathological values >12.4  mol/L. Histopathological (stable and unstable plaques) and immunohistochemical (macrophages, T lymphocytes, and active T lymphocytes counts) studies were performed. @entity3562 prevalence was calculated in this population, as were the possible relationships between @entity1255 plasma concentrations, and the carotid plaque type and the cell types in it. The relationship between this risk factor and the presence of a neurological event relating to @entity543 was also investigated. RESULTS: @entity3562 prevalence was 43.5%, with a mean value of 11.8  mol/L (median; range = 2-41.8  mol/L). No significant differences were found between @entity1255 levels and the plaque's morphological characteristics, or between the cell types analyzed. Elevated concentrations of @entity1255 were not significantly higher in @entity1 with a history of @entity64 . CONCLUSION: The present study confirms high @entity3562 prevalence in @entity1 with @entity85 , although no relationship between @entity532 phenomena and this @entity65 was observed.

title: Relationship between plasma XXXX and the morphological and immunohistochemical study of carotid plaques in @entity1 with @entity543 over 70%.

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['plaque complication']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk factor']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: GH secretion is stimulated by the administration of cholinesterase inhibitors (such as @entity4836 and @entity1339 ) in several species, including @entity1 . On the basis of indirect experiments, it has been postulated that this action is mediated by a decrease in hypothalamic @entity1943 release. We have investigated the effect of @entity1339 in @entity742 , since it is possible to collect hypophysial portal blood for @entity48216 ( @entity48216 ) and @entity1943 determination in this species under a conscious unstressed state. First, after i.v. injection of @entity1339 (1 mg), a significant increase in plasma GH levels and an unequivocal potentiation of the GH response to @entity48216 were observed. Then, we observed that i.v. injection of @entity1339 (1 mg) induced an immediate, short-lasting (30 min), and marked increase in @entity48216 (126.1 +/- 17 vs. 14.5 +/- 2.1 pg/ml; P < 0.01) levels in hypophysial portal blood of rams chronically implanted with perihypophysial cannulae. No change in @entity1943 secretion was recorded during the same period. These data suggest that the stimulating effect of cholinergic drugs on GH secretion is mediated by stimulation of @entity48216 release. A direct effect of @entity1339 at the level of pituitary gland is possible and may explain the potentiation of @entity48216 -induced GH release.

title: XXXX stimulates growth hormone-releasing hormone release into hypophysial portal blood of conscious @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

answer: @entity1339 :: (MESH:D009388,Chemical) :: ['Neostigmine']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Psychometric testing of translated, culturally adapted questionnaire. OBJECTIVES: Cross-cultural adaptation of the German version of the Extended Aberdeen Back @entity158 Scale (EABPS, three questionnaires), and to evaluate its use for assessing @entity615 related health status and disability in German @entity1 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The EABPS can be used as one questionnaire for the whole spine or three questionnaires for the three parts of the spine: neck, upper back, and lower back. It was shown to be valid, reliable, and responsive. No German version was available. METHODS: The EABPS was translated and adapted. The three questionnaires were evaluated separately. A total of 158 outpatients with @entity4048 , @entity615 , and/or low @entity615 were assessed by the EABPS-G at admission, 148 @entity1 1 day later for retest. For testing responsiveness, the standardized response mean (SRM) was chosen and for criterion validity a generic and cLBP-specific measure (SF-36 and FFbH-R). RESULTS: Between the first and second questionnaire, high correlations (from 0.93 to 0.95) represent a very high level of test-retest reliability. Criterion validity showed high (negative) correlations between the questionnaires for the three spinal areas on the one side and the FFbH-R and the SF-36 on the other. The SRM for the three questionnaires indicated remarkable changes ranging from 1.36 to 1.96. CONCLUSIONS: The EABPS-G is a valid, reliable, and responsive questionnaire for assessing health status and disability influenced by @entity158 in one or more area of the spine and allows intercultural comparisons with the original English version. It could be used for assessment of current state as well as measurement for change.

title: A German version of the Extended Aberdeen Back XXXX Scale: development and evaluation.

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain', 'upper back pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: In the present study, we hypothesized that exhaustive exercise in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) results in @entity2041 oxidation and lipid peroxidation and that @entity3624 oxidase (XO) contributes to free radical generation during exercise. @entity1030 @entity1 performed incremental cycle ergometry until exhaustion with (n = 8) or without (n = 8) prior treatment with @entity208 , an XO inhibitor. Reduced ( @entity2197 ) and @entity9492 ( @entity9492 ) and lipid @entity2627 [ @entity1234 ( @entity1865 )] were measured in arterial blood. In nontreated @entity1030 @entity1 , maximal exercise (approximately 75 W) resulted in a significant increase in the @entity9492 -to- @entity2197 ratio (4. 6 +/- 0.9% at rest vs. 9.3 +/- 1.7% after exercise). In nontreated @entity1 , @entity1865 increased from 0.68 +/- 0.08 nmol/ml at rest up to 1. 32 +/- 0.13 nmol/ml 60 min after cessation of exercise. In contrast, in @entity1 treated with @entity208 , @entity9492 -to- @entity2197 ratio did not increase in response to exercise (5.0 +/- 1.2% preexercise vs. 4.6 +/- 1.1% after exercise). Plasma lipid @entity2625 formation was also inhibited by @entity208 pretreatment (0.72 +/- 0.15 nmol/ml preexercise vs. 0.64 +/- 0.09 nmol/ml 60 min after exercise). We conclude that strenuous exercise in @entity1030 @entity1 results in blood @entity2041 oxidation and lipid peroxidation. This can be inhibited by treatment with @entity208 , indicating that XO is an important source for free radical generation during exercise in @entity1030 .

title: @entity3624 oxidase is involved in exercise-induced oxidative stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9492 :: ('MESH:D019803', 'Chemical') :: ['GSSG', 'oxidized glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity26825 ( @entity26825 ) are deposits due to @entity209 and degeneration. Studies so far have focused on adults. Our aim was to study the effect of @entity26825 on visual function as well as optic nerve head structure using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in @entity1 . METHODS: Subjects younger than 18 years of age with @entity26825 and who had a reliable @entity227 in at least one eye due to @entity26825 were considered for inclusion. All subjects underwent an extensive ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), funduscopy, and SITA 24-2 standard automated perimetry. OCT scanning was performed using Cirrus- @entity2033 Model 4000. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness data were compared with a group of age-matched healthy @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 were included, with a mean age of 13 years (range 7 to 17 years). BCVA was 1.0 in all eyes, except in a @entity1 with concomitant @entity5971 . @entity26825 were bilateral in 13 @entity1 . Among the 28 eyes with @entity26825 , 12 (43%) were classified as type 1 (buried), eight (29%) as type 2 (ringed) and eight (29%) as type 3 (superficial). All @entity1 had a @entity227 in at least one eye, according to the inclusion criteria; however, two eyes (7%) had no defect in spite of the presence of @entity26825 . Five eyes showed an isolated enlarged blind spot (18%), 15 cases showed a nasal defect (54%), and six eyes showed a constricted visual field (21%). RNFL thickness was higher in type 1 and 2 @entity26825 than in the control group, although these differences were only significant for the average, superior, and inferior quadrant thicknesses in type 1 and the inferior quadrant in type 2. RNFL thickness was lower in type 3 @entity26825 than in the control group, although these differences were only significant for the average, superior, and nasal quadrant thicknesses. CONCLUSIONS: @entity26825 may lead to the development of @entity227 , even in @entity1 . In initial stages, @entity26825 produce an increase in RNFL thickness as measured with OCT. As drusen develop and become superficial, the RNFL thickness decreases. The temporal quadrant is often undamaged, probably reflecting the preservation of central visual acuity.

title: @entity227 due to optic disk drusen in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity26825 :: ('MESH:D015594', 'Disease') :: ['Optic nerve head drusen', 'ONHD']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in axonal metabolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity62 ( @entity62 ) are frequently associated with cerebrovascular risk factors in the elderly, particularly @entity101 , and have been interpreted as a subclinical form of @entity63 @entity75 . @entity62 , clinical @entity64 and blood pressures show significant genetic influences. The objective of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between family history of @entity64 and/or @entity101 in first degree relatives and @entity62 in the elderly. @entity62 and @entity64 ( @entity64 ) volumes were quantified from brain MRI performed on 414 white, male twins born between 1917 and 1927 (average age 72.3 +/- 2.9 years). @entity62 , adjusted for age and head size, was significantly correlated with the family history score (r = 0.21, p < 0.001). Dividing the family history scores into quintiles revealed significant differences in @entity62 by quintile mean (p < 0.05). Subjects in the highest quintile of family history score had the highest mean @entity62 . Recalculation of the family history score, by only counting relatives reported to have had a clinical @entity64 as a positive event, revealed a nonsignificant correlation with @entity62 , but the correlation of the family history score with MRI @entity64 volume was significant (p < 0.05). Stepwise multivariate analysis including @entity2204 status, current smoking status, smoking packyear history, Doppler ankle/arm blood pressure ratios, current and long term @entity101 status and current systolic and diastolic pressures indicated that the @entity64 / @entity101 family history score was the single best predictor (p < 0.01) of @entity62 volumes. Family history was not an independent predictor of @entity64 volume.

title: Relationship of family history scores for @entity64 and XXXX to quantitative measures of white-matter hyperintensities and @entity64 volume in elderly males.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['White-matter hyperintensities', 'WMHI']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Attentional deficits accompany many @entity146 , underscoring the need for rodent models of attention to screen novel therapeutic agents and characterize the biological basis of attention. The five-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) is one such model. Here, we characterized the effects of four standard psychotropic agents on performance in the 5CSRTT. METHODS: Male @entity35 were trained in the 5CSRTT (5-sec inter-trial interval and .5-sec stimulus duration) until they reliably performed at > 60% accuracy and < 20% omissions. They were then treated systemically with the stimulant @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) (.063-2.0 mg/kg), the @entity1024 antagonist @entity3390 ( @entity3390 ) (.008-.25 mg/kg), the @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor @entity5829 ( @entity9956 ) (.63-10 mg/kg), or the kappa-receptor agonist @entity25838 (.25-2.0 mg/kg) 30 min before testing. RESULTS: @entity2727 (.5 mg/kg) increased accuracy. @entity3390 impaired accuracy (.25 mg/kg), increased premature responses (.063-.25 mg/kg), and increased omissions (.25 mg/kg). @entity5829 decreased premature responses (5.0 mg/kg) but increased omissions (10 mg/kg), correct response latencies (5.0-10.0 mg/kg), and reward latencies (5.0-10.0 mg/kg). The kappa-opioid agonist @entity25838 (1.0-2.0 mg/kg) increased omissions and correct response latencies. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity35 , psychotropic drugs with distinct pharmacological profiles produced distinguishable effects in the 5CSRTT. The effects of these classes of drugs under our testing conditions are qualitatively similar to their effects in @entity1 .

title: Sensitivity of the five-choice serial reaction time task to the effects of various psychotropic drugs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine', 'Desipramine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3390 :: ('MESH:D016291', 'Chemical') :: ['Dizocilpine', 'MK-801', 'dizocilpine']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3800 and @entity2931 have opposing effects on some adipocyte functions. Thus, the @entity342 to @entity2931 balance may be as important as the individual hormones in determining the biological interaction between endogenous sex hormones and adipocyte-derived factors such as @entity1254 and leptin. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the sex-specific, cross-sectional association of sex hormones and @entity342 to @entity2931 ratios with serum @entity1254 and leptin in older @entity1 and postmenopausal @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional. @entity1 : A total of 1510 community dwelling @entity1 and postmenopausal @entity1 aged 50-92 years. MEASUREMENTS: Serum leptin, @entity1254 and sex hormone levels. RESULTS: @entity1254 and leptin levels were higher in @entity1 than @entity1 (P < 0.001). In both sexes, @entity1254 concentrations were lower, and leptin levels higher, with increasing BMI and waist girth (all P < 0.001). Although the ratio of total @entity251 to total @entity53 was significantly associated with both adipocytokines in both sexes, the strongest and most consistent hormone-adipocytokine associations were observed when the @entity342 to @entity2931 ratio was expressed as total @entity251 to bioavailable @entity53 . In linear regressions, the @entity251 to bioavailable @entity53 ratio was positively related to @entity1254 and inversely related to leptin, with nearly identical standardized beta-coefficients for @entity1 and @entity1 (all P < 0.001). The strength of the hormone ratio-adipocytokine associations was reduced, but not eliminated, after adjustment for age, adiposity and @entity65 risk factors, including insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: The striking similarity of the hormone ratio-adipocytokine associations for @entity1 and @entity1 , despite wide differences in sex hormone and adipocytokine levels, suggests these results reflect underlying physiological mechanisms common to both sexes.

title: Sex-specific association of the @entity342 to XXXX ratio with adipocytokine levels in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgens']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: Individual melanotropes and intermediate lobes were tested to elucidate the role of alpha- and beta-adrenergic and @entity11642 @entity935 receptors in the regulation of concentration of intracellular free @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) and release of beta-endorphin. Hormone secretion was studied in a superfusion system, while [ @entity141 ]i was measured microspectrofluorimetrically. @entity1063 (1 microM) resulted in a slight decrease, then a marked increase in [ @entity141 ]i and secretion of beta-endorphin. The nonselective beta-adrenergic agonist @entity3044 (1 microM) increased [ @entity141 ]i and secretion of beta-endorphin; this effect was blocked by the beta-antagonist @entity1169 (10 microM). The alpha-adrenergic agonist @entity2647 (1 microM) increased [ @entity141 ]i and beta-endorphin secretion, but this effect was not blocked by @entity7477 or @entity3159 (alpha1-adrenergic antagonists, 1 microM). Administration of the alpha2-adrenergic agonist @entity4763 (1 microM) increased [ @entity141 ]i but did not affect secretion of the hormone. Biphasic effect of @entity1063 was tested in presence of adrenergic and dopaminergic antagonists. The @entity1063 -induced rise in [ @entity141 ]i and beta-endorphin secretion was decreased by @entity1169 , but this drug did not modify the inhibition. In the presence of 1 microM @entity3216 (selective @entity11642 dopaminergic antagonist), the inhibitory phase of the curve was abolished, and the subsequent increase was reduced. This suggests that activation of @entity935 @entity11642 receptors is involved not only in the inhibition, but also in the subsequent increase, which may originate from a rebound after the termination of the activation of these inhibitory receptors. Our data suggest the presence of several distinct types of @entity2922 receptors in the @entity35 intermediate lobe, and the dominant involvement of @entity11642 and beta-adrenergic receptors in the @entity1063 -induced regulation of melanotropes.

title: Catecholaminergic control of intracellular free @entity460 and beta-endorphin secretion of XXXX pituitary intermediate lobe cells.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple primary upper aerodigestive tract @entity189 can occur in up to 15% of @entity1 . We have shown previously that half of the @entity1 with multiple upper aerodigestive tract @entity957 are initially seen with @entity5 . Most metachronous @entity957 become manifest within 3 years. OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of 2 proteins- @entity4910 and @entity876 --in an attempt to predict the occurrence of multiple primary @entity5 ( @entity5 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monoclonal antibodies to @entity4910 (DCS-6 [dilution, 1:50]. Novocastra Laboratories Ltd, Newcastle, England) and @entity876 (DO-7 [dilution, 1-100], Dako Corp, Carpinteria, @entity2948 ) proteins were used. Resection specimens from a total of 47 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 with @entity2468 and 35 @entity1 with nonmultiple primary @entity5 , were analyzed. Those in the nonmultiple primary malignant @entity5 group had longer than 3 years' follow-up to ascertain the absence of @entity2468 . RESULTS: Tumor overexpression of @entity4910 was significantly associated with the development of @entity2468 (P<.01). Tumor overexpression of @entity876 was also frequent in @entity1 with @entity2468 although statistical significance was not achieved. The combination of these 2 parameters was an even greater predictor of @entity2468 (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of @entity4910 and @entity876 proteins was highly correlated with the development of @entity2468 . Additional studies are necessary to confirm this finding. Immunohistochemical evaluation of primary @entity957 for @entity4910 and @entity876 overexpression may become an important fact of surgical pathologic reporting for primary upper aerodigestive tract @entity957 .

title: XXXX and @entity876 overexpression predicts multiple primary @entity5 of the hypopharynx and esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous tumors', 'MPs', 'malignant neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity4910 :: (595,Gene) :: ['Cyclin D1']


abstract: @entity729 due to elevated @entity1391 levels is the major contributor of @entity65 . The oxidative stress and gene expression events modulate the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteogenic phenotype. This present study intends to evaluate the dose-dependent effect of @entity12873 , an antioxidant on high @entity1391 induced @entity729 in @entity5536 -induced @entity177 @entity35 . High @entity1391 environment causes elevated @entity460 accumulation with related histological changes and alkaline phosphatase activity in aorta. Further it downregulates the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and elevates the level of lipid peroxidative markers. Moreover, the @entity177 leads to reduced @entity842 production. But, treatment with @entity12873 at a dose of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg given via oral gavages causes reversion of all the above events in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose has shown more potential activity than other two doses, which has the ability to protect the alteration of liver markers and red blood cell antioxidant system without any adverse effects and it does not alter the kidney associated changes too. Finally, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study strongly supports its ability to protect the macromolecules from oxidative stress. All the above evidences show that @entity12873 has overall benefits against @entity177 -induced @entity729 -associated oxidative stress.

title: XXXX attenuates @entity729 in @entity177 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity12873 :: ('MESH:D004144', 'Chemical') :: ['diosgenin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification', 'Vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular dysfunction']

answer: @entity12873 :: (MESH:D004144,Chemical) :: ['Diosgenin']


abstract: Across the world, therapy with @entity4446 ( @entity7275 ) and @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) forms the basis of the continuing therapy of childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ). In this review, the pharmacological determinants of the sensitivity of @entity1 @entity1778 cell lines and lymphoblasts derived from @entity1 with @entity981 will be discussed. In addition, clinical pharmacological studies of @entity7275 and @entity1500 in relation to the continuing therapy with @entity981 will be reviewed. For @entity7275 in vitro, prolonged exposure times to relatively high extracellular drug concentrations are necessary for @entity137 , and these concentrations are much higher than those achieved during continuing therapy for @entity981 . For @entity1500 , plasma concentrations are achieved during continuing therapy that would be cytotoxic to @entity1 @entity1778 cells during prolonged exposures in vitro. For both @entity1500 and @entity7275 , wide inter- and intrapatient variation in plasma pharmacokinetic parameters has been described. For @entity7275 and @entity1500 , cellular pharmacological studies have been largely restricted to erythrocytes as a surrogate of the possible effects in leukaemic blasts. Although measures of the pharmacology of @entity7275 and @entity1500 in erythrocytes has been related to prognosis in many studies, @entity7275 systemic exposure and the dose intensity of @entity7275 and @entity1500 actually received by @entity1 during this phase of therapy seems to be the most important determinant of efficacy. Further studies will be needed to determine the importance of pharmacokinetic variability during continuing therapy as a determinant of outcome for @entity1 with @entity981 . In this respect, minimal @entity66 status during this phase of treatment may prove to be a useful pharmacodynamic endpoint.

title: Continuing therapy for childhood XXXX : clinical and cellular pharmacology of @entity1499 , @entity4446 and 6-thioguanine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['childhood ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity340 is an important cause of the morbidity and mortality associated with heart valve replacement surgery. The objective of this study was to assess risk factors of @entity340 related to @entity1 , perioperative events, and @entity260 . METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Santander, Spain, from January 1986 to January 1998. Cases were @entity1 with "definite" and "possible" @entity884 defined according to the Durack criteria. Controls were @entity1 undergoing prosthetic valve replacement who at the time of the study had not developed @entity884 . Information was abstracted from medical records. Cases and controls (1:2) were matched by sex, age at operation (+/- 5 years), surgery of one or more valves in the same anatomic position, and date of operation (+/- 6 months). RESULTS: There were 81 cases and 162 controls. In the multivariate analysis, risk factors significantly associated with @entity340 were functional class III or IV (New York Heart Association), @entity167 consumption, prior history of @entity884 , @entity221 in the intensive care unit, and @entity360 . Functional class III or IV and complications of the surgical wound were independent predictors of early @entity884 , whereas @entity221 in the intensive care unit and @entity360 were predictors of @entity340 late after operation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity340 differ from @entity1 without @entity884 with regard to intrinsic and postoperative risk factors but not regarding perioperative-related variables.

title: Risk factors of XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis', 'Prosthetic valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis']


abstract: Radioimmunotherapy with anti- @entity2225 antibodies is a promising treatment approach for relapsed low-grade @entity1893 . Under revised Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations (May 1997), @entity1 may be released following treatment provided the maximum dose to any individual is not likely to exceed 500 mrem. @entity1893 @entity1 have been studied to evaluate radiation exposure to caregivers/family members after outpatient treatment with @entity6750 (Bexxar therapy). Estimates of total radiation doses to individuals expected to be maximally exposed to @entity1 posttreatment have revealed that the doses should be within revised guidelines. In a University of Nebraska Medical Center study, the predicted total radiation doses (based on @entity1 dose rate at 1 meter) ranged from 95-423 mrem. Family members were provided radiation-monitoring devices to directly monitor radiation exposure. Measured doses ranged from 10-409 mrem. In this and other studies, estimated and measured dose equivalents to maximally exposed individuals were below 500 mrem. Measured doses were, in most instances, lower than those predicted by @entity1 -specific calculations, thus confirming the validity of the calculated dose predictions. Therefore, radioimmunotherapy with @entity6750 can be safely conducted on an outpatient basis.

title: Feasibility and safety of outpatient Bexxar therapy ( XXXX ) for @entity1893 based on radiation doses to family members.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab']

answer: @entity6750 :: (MESH:D003409,Disease) :: ['tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab']