abstract: Low-affinity neurotrophin receptor (LANR) and @entity3249 receptor @entity669 kinases (trks) serve as low- and high-affinity receptors for neurotrophins. Besides promoting the development and maintenance of the @entity1 nervous system, it has been suggested that neurotrophins may have broader functions in the development of non-neuronal tissues. To evaluate the possible roles of neurotrophic factors in tooth development, we performed a detailed examination of the expression patterns of neurotrophin receptors during development of the @entity35 tooth from initiation to completion of crown morphogenesis. mRNA expression was studied by in situ hybridisation and LANR protein was localised by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, dissected tooth germs were cultured in vitro to examined the role of trigeminal innervation in the expression of neurotrophin receptors. mRNAs for LANR, @entity10864 , and @entity10865 , but not trkA, were detected in developing teeth. LANR and the truncated form of @entity10864 , which lacks the intracellular @entity669 kinase domain, were expressed throughout tooth morphogenesis and their expression patterns were largely non-overlapping and changed spatio-temporally. @entity10865 was expressed after birth, and it was restricted to dental papilla mesenchyme. The expression of all receptors correlated with the development of innervation, but, in addition, the expression of LANR and @entity10864 appeared to be associated with cell differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. The patterns of LANR, @entity10864 , and @entity10865 in teeth which underwent morphogenesis in organ culture were similar to those in vivo, which indicates that the expression of these neurotrophin receptors is not regulated by and does not depend on trigeminal innervation. The data suggest that neurotrophin receptors have roles in the development of tooth innervation, but that they also have non-neuronal, organogenetic functions.

title: Expression of neurotrophin receptors during XXXX tooth development is developmentally regulated, independent of innervation, and suggests functions in the regulation of morphogenesis and innervation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Thymic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 is a rare pathology, often associated with @entity792 . The authors report the case of an Asian @entity1 with Sj  gren's syndrome. OBSERVATION: A 48-year-old Chinese @entity1 , without past medical history and a non-smoker, presented an alteration in her overall condition, dyspnoea at exercise, inflammatory @entity4841 , and a @entity2133 over the last few months. Thoracic tomodensitometry detected an anterior heterogenic cystic mediastinal mass. A mediastinotomy was performed. The diagnosis of the surgical biopsy was thymic @entity1074 . The authors also diagnosed Sj  gren's syndrome with the presence of four diagnostic criteria. Chemotherapy by rituximab, @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity229 induced major tumoral regression. The @entity1 declined surgery and will be monitored. CONCLUSION: Thymic @entity1074 is a rare pathology. There is a high correlation with @entity792 , like Sj  gren's syndrome. Its appearance is that of an anterior mediastinal mass with a cystic component. The treatment is not well codified and is most often based on surgical resection, eventually followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. As far as the authors know, this is the second case of thymic @entity1074 treated by exclusive chemotherapy.

title: [Association between thymic XXXX and Sj  gren's syndrome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye and mouth syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthralgia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity1074 :: (MESH:D018442,Disease) :: ['MALT lymphoma']


abstract: The hypocholesterolaemic effect of Cassia @entity292 was investigated using hypercholesterolaemic male albino @entity35 . Hypercholesterolaemia was induced by feeding on a mixture of @entity165 plus @entity6742 for a 12 weeks period. Hypercholesterolaemia was characterized by significant increase in the average levels of total lipids, total @entity165 , and @entity1674 and significant decrease in phospholipids content. Administration of Cassia @entity292 significantly reduced blood and liver total lipids. Brain, spleen, kidneys and heart followed nearly the same trend but with moderate effect. Blood, liver, kidneys, spleen and heart total @entity165 was significantly reduced, while that of brain was not affected. The level of @entity1674 was markedly improved. There was a moderate rise, however, in phospholipids content in all studied organs. That is to say a marked progress in the correction of lipid metabolism occurred. Also, administration of Cassia @entity292 induced a significant decrease in the high activities of serum GOT, @entity4749 , alkaline and acid phosphatase and the values nearly returned the initial values. Total serum protein, albumin (A), globulin (G), A/G, free @entity1522 , @entity414 and @entity1011 were also determined and their values were improved and attained nearly the normal values of the control group.

title: The biochemical role and hypocholesterolaemic potential of the legume Cassia @entity292 in hypercholesterolaemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity6742 :: ('MESH:D019826', 'Chemical') :: ['cholic acid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: I. OBJECTIVE. The present study was undertaken in order to determine the onset of @entity2319 , especially whether it is congenital or acquired, making an investigation into the sense of sound direction in monaural @entity393 and @entity2319 and comparing them between @entity393 @entity1 and normal hearers. II. SUBJECTS. This study was carried out on 26 @entity1 with monaural @entity393 , 22 @entity1 with @entity2319 and 10 normal hearers. III. METHODS. A circle with a radius of 1.3m was drawn around a fixed @entity1 's position in a sound proof room, and the circle was divided into 16 directions at an equal angle of 22.5 degrees. A blindfolded hearer was instructed to listen to a speaker for white noise of 60dB (A) for one second and verbally answer in which direction he heard the noise. The normal hearers were tested in 4-, 8-, and 16-directions, and the @entity393 @entity1 were tested in only 8-directions. IV. RESULTS. 1. Normal Hearers The rate of correct answers decreased with increasing directions of sound. The incorrect answers in 4-direction testing were only confusion between forward and backward directions, and similar incorrect answers were made in 8- and 16-direction testing. All other incorrect answers were errors of less than 45 degrees. 2. Monaurally Hearing-impaired @entity1 The rate of correct answers on the whole was low. There was such a relationship between the rate of correct answers and the mean hearing level of @entity1 that the total rate of correct answers decreased with increasing @entity393 . This correlation was statistically significant, and there was a still more significant correlation between the degree of @entity393 and the rate of correct answers as to the right and left directions. Incorrect answers were errors of 90 degrees or less on the healthy side, while errors were made for all directions on the affected side. 3. Monaurally Deaf @entity1 The rate of correct answers was by far lower on the affected side. Whereas many errors were within 45 degrees on the healthy side, errors were made for all directions on the affected side. Judging from the onset of @entity393 , the monaurally deaf @entity1 were divided into a group of 8 @entity1 who obviously had sudden @entity2319 and a group of 9 @entity1 who were presumed to have @entity2319 . The mean rate of correct answers of the former group was superior to the latter group's, particularly on the effected side.

title: [Directional hearing of unilaterally hearing impaired--especially sense of sound direction in monaural @entity393 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['monaural deafness', 'congenital monaural deafness', 'acquired deafness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment', 'hearing-impaired']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['monaural deafness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a semi-customized experimental cervical pillow on symptomatic adults with @entity4048 (with and without @entity10 ) during a four week study. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SAMPLE SIZE: Thirty-six adults were recruited for the trial, and randomly assigned to experimental or non-experimental groups of 17 and 19 @entity1 respectively. SUBJECTS: Adults with chronic biomechanical @entity4048 who were recruited from the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC) Walk-in Clinic. OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjective findings were assessed using a mail-in self-report daily @entity158 diary, and the CMCC @entity717 ( @entity717 ). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Using repeated measure analysis of variance weekly @entity717 scores, average weekly AM and PM @entity158 scores between the experimental and non-experimental groups were compared throughout the study. RESULTS: The experimental group had statistically significant lower @entity717 scores (p < 0.05) than the non-experimental group. The average weekly AM scores were lower and statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the experimental group. The PM scores in the experimental group were lower but not statistically significant than the other group. CONCLUSIONS: The study results show that compared to conventional pillows, this experimental semi-customized cervical pillow was effective in reducing low-level @entity4048 intensity, especially in the morning following its use in a 4 week long study.

title: Assessing effects of a semi-customized experimental cervical pillow on symptomatic adults with @entity4048 with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['neck pain', 'chronic neck pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: Medicago sativa (lucerne) is used as a traditional plant treatment of @entity6 . In the present study, administration of lucerne in the diet (62.5 g/kg) and drinking water (2.5 g/l) reduced the hyperglycaemia of @entity3839 - @entity6 @entity19 . An aqueous extract of lucerne (1 mg/ml) stimulated @entity897 transport (1.8-fold), @entity413 oxidation (1.7-fold) and incorporation of @entity413 into glycogen (1.6-fold) in @entity19 abdominal muscle. In acute 20 min tests, 0.25-1 mg/ml aqueous extract of lucerne evoked a stepwise 2.5-6.3-fold stimulation of insulin secretion from the BRIN-BD11 pancreatic B-cell line. This effect was abolished by 0.5 mM- @entity6335 , and prior exposure to extract did not affect subsequent stimulation of insulin secretion by 10 mM- @entity5098 , thereby negating a detrimental effect on cell viability. The effect of extract was potentiated by 16.7 mM- @entity413 and by 1 mM- @entity1922 . @entity5098 (10 mM) and a depolarizing concentration of @entity4338 (25 mM) did not augment the insulin-releasing activity of lucerne. Activity of the extract was found to be heat stable and largely @entity1324 insoluble, and was enhanced by exposure to acid and alkali (0.1 M- @entity5828 and @entity6674 ) but decreased 25% with dialysis to remove components with molecular mass < 2000 Da. Sequential extraction with solvents revealed insulin-releasing activity in both @entity1042 and water fractions indicating a cumulative effect of more than one extract constituent. The results demonstrate the presence of antihyperglycaemic, insulin-releasing and insulin-like activity in the traditional antidiabetic plant, Medicago sativa.

title: Pancreatic and extra-pancreatic effects of the traditional anti- XXXX plant, Medicago sativa (lucerne).

entities_list: @entity5098 :: ('CHEBI:16977', 'Chemical') :: ['L-Alanine', 'L-alanine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxy-glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: We report a case of fulminant @entity295 10 years after posttraumatic splenectomy. The @entity998 stage of the @entity326 with @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ), which was already marked on admission to the intensive care unit, could not be overcome despite appropriate shock treatment. The pathogenetic spectrum includes more than 70% pneumococci, but any pathogen can trigger an overwhelming @entity281 . Pathogenetically, the @entity281 is primarily due to distinctly reduced bacterial clearance from loss of the reticuloendothelial tissue in the spleen. Appropriate treatment of the @entity326 is of prime therapeutic importance. In summary, the following recommendations can be made: 1. Nonspecific symptoms of @entity281 in splenectomized @entity1 , such as fever, call for immediate clarification with respect to the onset of a septic process. Immediate admission to a hospital, close monitoring, including blood cultures, and immediate antibiotic therapy are unavoidable. 2. The aim of treatment is to prevent @entity5642 by aggressive therapy of the @entity326 with prevention of the low-output stage. 3. Splenectomized @entity1 must be informed of the possibility of a serious, potentially fatal @entity281 and its premonitory symptoms. An emergency passport is appropriate. 4. In view of the few side effects of the vaccine, all splenectomized @entity1 should be immunized against pneumococci. @entity1 under 2 years of age should furthermore receive prophylactic oral @entity114 up to the age of 5.

title: [Fulminant @entity295 following posttraumatic splenectomy--OPSI (overwhelming postsplenectomy XXXX ) syndrome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low-cardiac-output']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) syndrome', 'infection', 'OPSI syndrome']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: This study aimed to assess the current situation of @entity24873 in pregnant @entity1 , explore factors associated with @entity24873 and evaluate the effects of its treatment. A cohort study was conducted in four southernmost provinces. All pregnant @entity1 who presented at their first prenatal care visit at participating hospitals were interviewed by trained health care providers and their stool specimens were examined for @entity9124 , @entity13857 and hookworm eggs. @entity1 with @entity24873 were treated with 400 mg of @entity3753 after 14 weeks of gestation and treatment outcomes were evaluated three weeks after treatment. Of 1,063 pregnant @entity1 , @entity24873 were detected in 190 @entity1 (17.9%) without seasonal variation for a combined @entity281 of 21.6%. Ascaris, hookworm and Trichuris were detected in 10.3, 5.7 and 6.3%, respectively. The cure rate with a single dose was 92% but was 100% when repeated treatment was given as a three-day course. The risk of @entity281 was higher in Muslim @entity1 , those with a family income < or = USD300/month, those bathing outside the house and those with no knowledge of @entity24873 . These results showed that southern Thailand is still an endemic area for @entity24873 and there appears to be no seasonal variation in incidence. Although the cure rate for treatment with @entity3753 was good, the low cure rate and egg reduction rate for @entity18802 needs to be considered.

title: Epidemiology and the effect of treatment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in pregnant XXXX in southern Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

entities_list: @entity13857 :: ('36087', 'Species') :: ['Trichuris trichiura']

entities_list: @entity18802 :: ('MESH:D014257', 'Disease') :: ['trichuriasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether @entity1 with surgically refractory @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) exhibit a distinct pattern of structural network organization involving the temporal lobes and extratemporal regions. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 18 healthy controls and 20 @entity1 with medication refractory unilateral @entity1315 who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy for treatment of @entity410 . @entity1 were classified as @entity410 -free or not @entity410 -free at least 1 year after surgery. The presurgical brain connectome was calculated through probabilistic connectivity from MRI-diffusion tensor imaging from 83 anatomically defined regions of interest encompassing the whole brain. The connectivity patterns were analyzed regarding group differences in regional connectivity and network graph properties. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity1 exhibited a decrease in connectivity involving ipsilateral thalamocortical regions, with a pathologic increase in ipsilateral medial temporal lobe, insular, and frontal connectivity. Among @entity1 , those not @entity410 -free exhibited a higher connectivity between structures in 1) the ipsilateral medial and lateral temporal lobe, 2) the ipsilateral medial temporal and parietal lobe, and 3) the contralateral temporal pole and parietal lobe. @entity1 not @entity410 -free also exhibited lower small-worldness in the subnetwork within the ipsilateral temporal lobe, with higher subnetwork integration at the expense of segregation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1315 is associated with network rearrangement within, but not restricted to, the @entity1315 . Networks involving key components of the medial temporal lobe and structures traditionally not removed during surgery may be associated with @entity410 control after surgical treatment of @entity1315 .

title: Presurgical connectome and postsurgical XXXX control in @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['MTLE', 'medial temporal lobe epilepsy', 'temporal lobe ipsilateral to the onset of seizures']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: Microtubule stabilizers are powerful antimitotic compounds and represent a proven cancer treatment strategy. Several classes of compounds in clinical use or trials, such as the taxanes and @entity21597 , bind to the same region of b-tubulin. Determining how these molecules interact with tubulin and stabilize microtubules is important both for understanding the mechanism of action and enhancing chemotherapeutic potential, for example, minimizing side effects, increasing solubility, and overcoming resistance. Structural studies using non-polymerized tubulin or stabilized polymers have produced different models of @entity21597 binding. In this study we used directed mutagenesis of the binding site on @entity375 b-tubulin to analyze interactions between @entity14514 and its biologically relevant substrate, dynamic microtubules. Five engineered @entity535 changes contributed to a 125-fold increase in @entity14514 @entity137 independent of inherent microtubule stability. The mutagenesis of endogenous b-tubulin was done in otherwise isogenic strains. This facilitated the correlation of @entity535 substitutions with altered @entity137 using molecular mechanics simulations. The results, which are based on the interaction between @entity14514 and dynamic microtubules, most strongly support the binding mode determined by NMR spectroscopy-based studies. This work establishes a system for discriminating between potential binding modes and among various compounds and/or analogues using a sensitive biological activity-based readout.

title: Differentiating between models of XXXX binding to microtubules using tubulin mutagenesis, @entity137 , and molecular modeling.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity21597 :: ('MESH:D034261', 'Chemical') :: ['epothilone', 'epothilones']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity14514 :: ('MESH:C093788', 'Chemical') :: ['epothilone B']

answer: @entity21597 :: (MESH:D034261,Chemical) :: ['epothilone']


abstract: Many cell types transport @entity620 solely in its oxidized form, @entity15356 , through facilitative @entity413 transporters. These cells accumulate large intracellular concentrations of @entity620 by reducing @entity15356 to @entity9050 , a form that is trapped intracellularly. Certain specialized cells can transport @entity620 in its reduced form, @entity9050 , through a @entity1372 -dependent cotransporter. We found that normal @entity1 melanocytes and @entity1 @entity320 cells are able to transport @entity620 using both mechanisms. @entity320 cell lines transported @entity15356 at a rate that was at least 10 times greater than the rate of transport by melanocytes, whereas both @entity320 cells and melanocytes transported @entity9050 with similar efficiency. @entity15356 transport was inhibited by @entity897 and cytochalasin B, indicating the direct participation of facilitative @entity413 transporters in the transport of oxidized @entity620 . @entity320 cells accumulated intracellular @entity620 concentrations that were up to 100 times greater than the corresponding extracellular @entity15356 concentrations, whereas intracellular accumulation of @entity620 by melanocytes never exceeded the extracellular level of @entity15356 . @entity320 cells transported @entity15356 through at least two different transporters, each with a distinct K(m), a finding that agreed well with the presence of several @entity413 transporter isoforms in these cells. Only one kinetic component of @entity9050 uptake was identified in both melanocytes and @entity320 cells, and @entity9050 transport was @entity1372 dependent and inhibited by @entity7832 . Both cell types were able to accumulate intracellular concentrations of @entity620 that were greater than the extracellular @entity9050 concentrations. The data indicate that @entity320 cells and normal melanocytes transport @entity620 using two different transport systems. The transport of @entity15356 is mediated by a facilitated mechanism via @entity413 transporters, whereas transport of @entity620 involves a @entity1372 - @entity9050 cotransporter. The differential capacity of @entity320 cells to transport the oxidized form of @entity620 reflects the increased expression of facilitative transporters associated with the malignant phenotype.

title: Increased facilitated transport of @entity15356 without changes in XXXX -dependent @entity9050 transport in @entity1 @entity320 cells.

entities_list: @entity15356 :: ('MESH:D003683', 'Chemical') :: ['Dehydroascorbic acid', 'dehydroascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid', 'vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Respiratory complications are a leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity1566 and disorders (SCI_D). We examined same-day and 60-day hospitalizations and 60-day mortality after @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) outpatient visits. DESIGN: A longitudinal study was conducted of 8775 @entity1576 visits in the Veterans Health Administration (VA) (October. 1997-September 2002) by @entity1 with SCI_D. ARIs included @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ), acute @entity3617 , @entity55 , and @entity683 (P_I). RESULTS: URIs accounted for almost half of all (49%) visits. A total of 14.9% of @entity1 with ARIs were hospitalized the same day; 30.8% were hospitalized within 60 days. Predictors of hospitalization included diagnosis of either P_I or acute @entity3617 , @entity221 , level of injury, age, and VA SCI center visit. Overall 60-day mortality was 2.9% but was 7.9% for @entity55 . Mortality was related to diagnosis (P_I: odds ratio [OR] = 9.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.27-13.33; acute @entity3617 : OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.08-2.93), age (65+: OR = 3.96, 95% CI: 2.23-5.70), and comorbid conditions (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.43-2.46). CONCLUSIONS: P_I and acute @entity3617 were associated with increased VA hospitalization and mortality rates. The case fatality rate for @entity55 is higher for SCI_D than the general population. Level of injury predicted hospitalization but not @entity204 . Efforts to improve prevention and treatment of ARIs in @entity1 with SCI_D are needed.

title: Outcomes of outpatient visits for XXXX in veterans with @entity1566 and disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory infections', 'URI']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['ARI', 'acute respiratory illness']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid illness']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory illness']


abstract: Serum lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) has been associated with @entity453 . Its association with @entity256 after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has not been previously studied. Serum levels of @entity3452 , in addition to other lipoproteins, and their components using standard assays, were determined in subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization within 10 months after PTCA. Clinical (e.g., sex, @entity6 , @entity951 ) and angiographic (e.g., PTCA percent diameter reduction) factors were not different between the group without (diameter reduction less than 50%; group A) and the group with (diameter reduction greater than or equal to 50%; Group B) @entity256 . Total @entity165 , @entity1674 , high- and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1675 , @entity755 and @entity3452 were compared. Univariate predictors of @entity256 were serum @entity1674 (2.50 +/- 1.07 mmol/liter for group A vs 1.72 +/- 0.79 +/- mmol/litre for group B, p = 0.008), and @entity3452 (median: 7.0 mg/dl [range 0 to 44] for group A vs 19 mg/dl [range 1 to 120] for group B; p = 0.006). Stepwise logistic regression revealed the only significant independent predictor of @entity256 to be serum @entity3452 (p = 0.018). Each quintile of @entity3452 was associated with a progressively higher risk of @entity256 , with the highest quintile (40 to 120 mg/dl) having an odds ratio of 11 (95% confidence interval 9 to 13) compared with the lowest quintile (0 to 3.9 mg/dl) (p = 0.033). A serum @entity3452 of greater than 19 mg/dl was associated with an odds ratio of 5.9 (95% confidence interval 4.6 to 7.2) ( @entity256 rates of 58% in the group with 0 to 19 mg/dl and 89% in the group with 19 to 120 mg/dl; p = 0.006).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Usefulness of serum lipoprotein (a) as a predictor of XXXX after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina class']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: @entity8966 pandemic serotype O3:K6 causes acute @entity1902 , wound @entity281 and @entity295 in @entity1 . This organism encodes two type III secretion systems (T3SS1 and T3SS2); host-cell @entity137 has been attributed to T3SS1. Synthesis and secretion of T3SS1 proteins is positively regulated by ExsA, which is presumptively regulated by the ExsCDE pathway, similar to @entity796 . Herein we deleted the putative exsE from @entity8966 and found constitutive expression of the T3SS1 in broth culture as expected. More importantly, however, in a cell culture model, the   exsE strain was unable to induce @entity137 , as measured by release of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), or autophagy, as measured by LC3 conversion. This is markedly different from @entity796 , where deletion of exsE has no effect on host-cell cytolysis. Swarming and cytoadhesion were reduced for the deletion mutant and could be recovered along with T3SS1-induced HeLa cell @entity137 by in cis expression of exsE in the   exsE strain. Loss of adhesion and swarming motility was associated with the loss of flagella biogenesis in the exsE-deficient strain. @entity19 mortality was unaffected by the deletion of exsE compared with a wild-type control, suggesting that additional adhesins are important for intoxication in vivo. Based on these data, we conclude that ExsE contributes to the negative regulation of T3SS1 and, in addition, contributes to regulation of an adherence phenotype that is requisite for translocation of effector proteins into HeLa cells.

title: XXXX ExsE is requisite for initial adhesion and subsequent type III secretion system 1-dependent autophagy in HeLa cells.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity8966 :: ('670', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus', 'V. parahaemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity8966 :: (670,Species) :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus']


abstract: In forensic science, the identification of feces is very important in a variety of crime investigations. However, no sensitive and simple fecal identification method using molecular biological techniques has been reported. Here, we focused on the fecal bacteria, @entity14695 , @entity3395 and @entity3404 , and developed a novel fecal identification method by detection of the gene sequences specific to these bacteria in various body (feces, blood, saliva, semen, urine, vaginal fluids and skin surfaces) and forensic (anal adhesions) specimens. Bacterial gene detection was performed by real-time PCR using a minor groove binding probe to amplify the RNA polymerase b-subunit gene of @entity14695 and @entity3395 , and the a-1-6 mannanase gene of @entity3404 . At least one of these bacteria was detected in the feces of 20 donors; the proportions of @entity14695 , @entity3395 and @entity3404 were 95, 85 and 60%, respectively. @entity3395 was also detected in one of six vaginal fluid samples, but @entity3404 and @entity14695 were not detected in body samples other than feces. Further, we applied this method to forensic specimens from 18 donors. Eighteen anal adhesions also contained at least one of three bacteria; @entity14695 , @entity3395 and @entity3404 were detected in 89, 78 and 56%, respectively, of the specimens. Thus, these bacteria were present at a high frequency in the fecal and forensic specimens, while either @entity14695 or @entity3395 was detected in all samples. Therefore, @entity14695 and @entity3395 represent more appropriate target species than @entity3404 for the identification of fecal material. If @entity3395 and/or @entity14695 are detected, it is likely that the sample contains feces. Taken together, our results suggest that the use of molecular biological techniques will aid the detection of feces in forensic practice, although it is possible that the samples contained both feces and vaginal fluid.

title: Identification of feces by detection of XXXX genes.

entities_list: @entity3395 :: ('821', 'Species') :: ['B. vulgatus', 'Bacteroides vulgatus']

entities_list: @entity14695 :: ('820', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides uniformis', 'B. uniformis']

entities_list: @entity3404 :: ('818', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron', 'B. thetaiotaomicron']

answer: @entity3404 :: (818,Species) :: ['Bacteroides']


abstract: The BLUF protein BlrB from the non-sulphur anoxyphototrophic purple bacterium @entity11704 is characterized by absorption and emission spectroscopy. BlrB expressed from @entity526 binding FAD, FMN, and @entity8728 (called BrlB(I)) and recombinant BlrB containing only FAD (called BlrB(II)) are investigated. The dark-adapted proteins exist in two different receptor conformations (receptor states) with different sub-nanosecond fluorescence lifetimes (BLUF(r,f) and BLUF(r,sl)). Some of the @entity1785 -cofactor (ca. 8%) is unbound in thermodynamic equilibrium with the bound cofactor. The two receptor conformations are transformed to putative signalling states (BLUF(s,f) and BLUF(s,sl)) of decreased fluorescence efficiency and shortened fluorescence lifetime by blue-light excitation. In the dark at room temperature both signalling states recover back to the initial receptor states with a time constant of about 2s. Quantum yields of signalling state formation of about 90% for BlrB(II) and about 40% for BlrB(I) were determined by intensity dependent transmission measurements. Extended blue-light excitation causes unbound @entity1785 degradation (formation of lumichrome and @entity28095 -derivatives) and bound cofactor conversion to the @entity13478 form. The @entity35998 further reduces and the reduced @entity1785 re-oxidizes back in the dark. A photo-dynamics scheme is presented and relevant quantum efficiencies and time constants are determined.

title: Photodynamics of the small BLUF protein BlrB from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11704 :: ('1063', 'Species') :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides']

entities_list: @entity35998 :: ('MESH:C029276', 'Chemical') :: ['flavin-semiquinone']

entities_list: @entity13478 :: ('CHEBI:15817', 'Chemical') :: ['semiquinone']

entities_list: @entity28095 :: ('MESH:C001922', 'Chemical') :: ['lumiflavin']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

answer: @entity11704 :: (1063,Species) :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides']


abstract: Type 1 @entity15439 ( @entity37305 ) is a recessively inherited condition, characterized by profound @entity2319 , @entity394 , and prepubertal onset of @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ). While the auditory component of @entity37305 can be treated by cochlear implants, to date there is no effective treatment for @entity6391 . @entity37305 can be caused by mutations in each of at least six genes. While truncating mutations of these genes cause @entity37305 , some missense mutations of the same genes cause @entity3491 . These observations suggest that partial or low level activity of the encoded proteins may be sufficient for normal retinal function, although not for normal hearing. In individuals with @entity37305 due to nonsense mutations, interventions enabling partial translation of a full-length functional protein may delay the onset and/or progression of @entity6391 . One such possible therapeutic approach is suppression of nonsense mutations by small molecules such as @entity581 . We decided to test this approach as a potential therapy for @entity6391 in @entity37305 @entity1 due to nonsense mutations. We initially focused on nonsense mutations of the @entity20053 gene, underlying @entity20053 . Here, we show suppression of several @entity20053 nonsense mutations, both in vitro and ex vivo. Suppression was achieved both by commercial @entity581 and by NB30, a new @entity4028 -derivative developed by us. NB30 has reduced @entity137 in comparison to commercial @entity581 , and thus may be more efficiently used for therapeutic purposes. The research described here has important implications for the development of targeted interventions that are effective for @entity1 with @entity37305 caused by various nonsense mutations.

title: In vitro and ex vivo suppression by @entity581 of XXXX nonsense mutations underlying type 1 @entity15439 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['nonsyndromic deafness']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ['Usher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['prelingual deafness']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular areflexia']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity20053 :: (65217,Gene) :: ['PCDH15']


abstract: Two new @entity375 species, Cryptococcus bestiolae and Cryptococcus dejecticola, were discovered in the frass of the litchi fruit borer Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley. The @entity375 utilize @entity8580 , hydrolyze @entity1133 , produce starch-like substance, and contain @entity7447 . Phylogenetic analyses of D1/D2 26S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences indicate that the @entity375 are closely related to Bullera dendrophila and an undescribed species of Cryptococcus (strain CBS 8507). The two new species differed from each other by 17 @entity2036 in the D1/D2 region and by 68 @entity2036 in the ITS region. Cryptococcus bestiolae is a sister species to Cryptococcus sp. CBS 8507, from which it differs by eight @entity2036 in the D1/D2 region and 59 @entity2036 in the ITS region. Cryptococcus dejecticola and B. dendrophila differed by 13 @entity2036 in the D1/D2 and 57 @entity2036 in the ITS region. Cryptococcus bestiolae and Cr. dejecticola formed with B. dendrophila a well defined clade consisting of insect associated species. The type strain of Cr. bestiolae is TH3.2.59 (=CBS 10118=NRRL Y-27894), and the type strain of Cr. dejecticola is Litch 17 (=CBS 10117=NRRL Y-27898).

title: Cryptococcus bestiolae and Cryptococcus dejecticola, two new XXXX species isolated from frass of the litchi fruit borer Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley.

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: Reconstructive surgery after trauma of the head and neck is a wide field in ENT surgery. The repair of @entity154 often requires implantation of engineered prostheses. We present the case of a 48-year-old male @entity1 who had suffered a major @entity130 to his head resulting in a complex @entity154 . A computer-assisted designed (CAD/CAM) Titanium implant was used for reconstruction. Direct prefabrication of the individually designed implant led to an excellent coverage of the @entity154 and easy adaptation to the defect margins. Results. Treatment plan and surgery as well as implant design and manufacturing were performed in a multidisciplinary team. Skin expander implantation prior to reconstructive surgery ensured a tension-free closure. This team approach led to a satisfactory outcome for this @entity1 . This case illustrates the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach for the optimum management of complex head and @entity9389 .

title: Skull repair after major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['bony defect', 'bony defects']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['crush injury']

entities_list: @entity9389 :: ('MESH:D019838', 'Disease') :: ['neck injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['crush injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adjuvant trastuzumab improves relapse-free survival in @entity1722 -overexpressing @entity0 but is associated with @entity1370 . This phase II study was undertaken to determine the neoadjuvant clinical and pathologic response rate and the acute and chronic @entity1370 of trastuzumab given with weekly @entity1311 after AC ( @entity632 / @entity786 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with newly diagnosed, stage II-IV, @entity1722 -overexpressing @entity0 received AC for 4 cycles, followed by weekly TP ( @entity1311 /trastuzumab) for 12 weeks, neoadjuvantly or adjuvantly, followed by 40 weeks of adjuvant trastuzumab. RESULTS: @entity712 occurred in 4% of @entity1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5%-13.2%). Asymptomatic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreases to < 50% occurred in 21% of @entity1 (95% CI, 11.1%-34.7%); all but 1 recovered by 1.5 years. Median LVEF decreased progressively during therapy from 65% before therapy (95% CI, 63%-66%) to 62% after AC (95% CI, 59%-64%) and 58% after AC-TP (95% CI, 56%-64%; P < 0.01 for each decrease). The decrease in LVEF persisted 1.5 years after study entry at 57% (95% CI, 54%-60%), although all but 1 of the most severe decreases to < 50% recovered to normal. Clinical response rate among 37 @entity1 treated neoadjuvantly was 86%, and the pathologic complete response rate was 19% (95% CI, 8%-35.2%). Because of withdrawals for @entity137 , @entity66 , and @entity1 preference, only 35% of @entity1 completed the entire regimen. CONCLUSION: In this study, the AC-TP regimen resulted in a high clinical but moderate pathologic response rate, and although asymptomatic @entity299 was common, most of the severe decreases recovered over time.

title: Response and @entity1370 of trastuzumab given in conjunction with weekly @entity1311 after @entity632 / XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), a non-specific acute phase reactant, has been associated with multiple patogenic mechanisms involved in @entity102 , but up to now the significance of @entity1851 in the postprandial state in @entity6 has not been addressed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated 58 type 2 @entity6 @entity1 (33F/25 M) with associated @entity209 . The main characteristics of the @entity1 were: age 58.1+/-9.15 years, duration of @entity6 3.9+/-3.07 years, BMI 26.2+/-3.26 kg/m2, waist circumference 97.7+/-9.88 cm and HbA1c 7.2+/-1.2%. @entity1 and @entity1 were matched for age, duration of @entity6 , BMI and HbA1c. The @entity1 had a 330 kcal standard meal, blood samples were taken in fasting condition and 2 and 4 hours postprandial and the following parameters were obtained: glycemia, total @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity755 and also @entity1851 levels. The @entity1 were also evaluated through duplex scan 2D ultrasound for @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of common carotid artery bilaterally. Data were analysed with Epi Info, SPSS and Statistica Software. RESULTS: Fasting @entity1851 correlated to BMI and waist circumference (p=0.0068 and p=0.038 respectively). At two hours postprandial, we found a significant nonparametric correlation between @entity1851 level and total @entity165 (p=0.01), which remained significant even after adjusting for age, BMI, @entity4051 c and blood pressure values (adjusted p=0.018). @entity1 in the lowest quartile for @entity1851 level compared to those in the highest quartile had lower fasting @entity755 levels (146 vs 197 mg/dl, p=0.042), lower postprandial blood @entity413 levels (188 vs 241 mg/dl, p=0.035) and lower nonHDL- @entity165 levels (148 vs 192 mg/dl, p=0.005). Common carotid artery @entity121 correlated with the duration of @entity6 (p=0.026) and systolic blood pressure values both in clino and orthostatism (p=0.007 and p=0.006 respectively). CONCLUSION: The results confirm that @entity1851 and @entity755 have close relationships with other components of the @entity209 in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . High @entity56575 levels could be a marker for an excessive postprandial response, leading to an increased risk for chronic @entity455 and @entity731 .

title: Meal testing and postprandial state of type 2 @entity6 XXXX with @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity56575 :: ('1401;338', 'Gene') :: ['CRP and apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B', 'apolipoprotein A1 and B']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['CRP', 'C reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of distal symmetrical @entity305 (DSP) in @entity1 with @entity6 , to evaluate the role of history, neurological examination and the electrodiagnostic methods in the diagnosis of DSP, and to determine the association between electromyography-supported @entity16 (ESN), @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) and risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 191 type 2 @entity3918 @entity1 (109 female, 82 male; mean age 58.7 +/- 10 years) were recruited. The @entity1109 were recorded. All @entity1 had electromyographic (EMG) examinations. The relationship between ESN, @entity1109 and risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 191 @entity1 , 83 (43.5%) had DSP on EMG examinations and 92 (48.2%) @entity1 suffered from @entity1109 . Among the ESN @entity1 , a significant relationship existed with @entity4051 (c) level, illness duration, smoking, male gender or insulin usage (p < 0.05) but not with age, @entity101 , @entity1007 or @entity2298 . The frequency of @entity1109 was higher in @entity1 with ESN. There was also a significant association between @entity1109 and ESN (p < 0.05). The presence of @entity1109 was not related to age, gender, smoking, @entity101 , @entity1007 and @entity2298 (p > 0.05) but @entity1109 were correlated to @entity4051 (c) level, illness duration and insulin usage (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our data show that a strong association exists between the presence of DSP and illness duration, @entity4051 (c), smoking, thereby indicating that cessation of smoking and near normal glycemic control would be additional precautions to delay the beginning or progression of @entity305 .

title: The prevalence of @entity16 and relationship with risk factors in XXXX @entity1 : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['NCs', 'neuropathic complaints']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: @entity1909 of the folds (intertrigo) is a frequent reason for attending consultations, particularly in Africa, where the hot and humid climate constitute an aggravating factor. It is a complex pathology with multiple and intricate etiologies. The aim of this study was to describe epidemiological and etiological aspects of @entity1909 of the folds in black-skinned subjects in Bamako (Mali). We conducted a transversal descriptive survey of cases of localized @entity1909 of the folds of the skin in dermatology clinics in Bamako. In total, 141 cases of intertrigo were identified: 96 female subjects (68%) and 45 male subjects. The average age of @entity1 was 30    18 years (2-80 years). The majority of @entity1 were seen between March and June; 52% of @entity1 had already received treatment before the consultation. The lesions affected skin folds of the groin area and/or area between the buttocks in 95 @entity1 (57.4%), and folds of the armpits and area under the breasts were affected in 46 cases (42.6%). @entity484 , @entity34783 , and @entity364 were the most frequently observed pathologies. Of interest to this study is the topographical approach that a dermatologist must adopt when diagnosing certain forms of @entity1909 . In populations with specific cultural practices, apart from a thorough knowledge of these specific factors, treatment of these conditions requires certain harmful attitudes and behaviors to be abandoned.

title: XXXX of the folds in black Africans in Bamako, Mali.

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity34783 :: ('MESH:D004894', 'Disease') :: ['erythrasma']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatitis', 'dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['Dermatitis']


abstract: Results of the present study indicate that @entity52036 may be a suitable @entity596 -reducing microorganism for commercial application in a microbially catalyzed @entity68 ore bioextraction (reductive dissolution) process. The proposed scheme of the bioextraction process (Fig. 1) entails the addition of a suitable @entity68 ore to anaerobic, batch cultures of aerobically grown @entity52036 , with subsequent recovery of @entity8798 in the product stream. Although batch growth under low @entity26 tension is known to induce expression of the high-rate @entity596 reduction system in @entity24816 , such growth conditions do not appreciably enhance the rate at which @entity24816 catalyzes the reductive dissolution of @entity68 from low-grade @entity68 ore. As a result, strict monitoring of dissolved @entity26 levels during batch growth is not required. Highly aerobic growth conditions are most desirable because such conditions maximize microbial growth rates. Commercial application of the proposed process is made more attractive by the ability to grow @entity24816 aerobically on a relatively inexpensive organic substrate (filter-sterilized, primary effluent wastewater) as sole @entity505 and energy source. Physical and chemical factors that accelerate overall reductive dissolution rates include (i) pulverization of the @entity68 ores before their addition to the anaerobic, batch cultures, and (ii) subsequent addition of an @entity596 -chelating agent to the anaerobic @entity68 ore-microorganism slurry. Recycle of residual ore remaining in the initial reactor vessel after a one-hour incubation is recommended, since overall reductive dissolution rates decrease dramatically after that time. Significant enhancement of the overall reductive dissolution rates may reside in the ability to genetically engineer a more robust @entity596 -reducing microorganism. Preliminary genetic studies presented here indicate that @entity24816 is a suitable model microorganism for studying the molecular basis of microbial @entity596 reduction. Mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that the @entity596 reduction system of @entity24816 is physiologically uncoupled from other electron-accepting processes carried out by this bacterium, and that a distinct ferrireductase enzyme is expressed after growth under either highly aerobic or microaerobic conditions. An array of @entity24816 mutants (Class I), deficient only in their ability to grow anaerobically on @entity596 as sole terminal electron acceptor, were isolated and a single mutant selected for subsequent gene cloning (complementation) experiments. Restriction enzyme analysis of putative, complemented clones (i.e., transconjugates in which the ability to grow anaerobically on @entity596 had been restored) revealed the presence of a common cloned DNA insert.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Bioextraction (reductive dissolution) of @entity68 from low-grade XXXX ores. Fundamental and applied studies.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity24816 :: ('24', 'Species') :: ['S. putrefaciens']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3069 lentiflavum is considered a rare pathogen causing nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) @entity3298 . METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective study was performed in immunocompetent @entity1 <14 years of age with microbiologically confirmed NTM @entity3298 treated at 6 hospitals in Madrid, Spain, during 2000-2010. We compared @entity1 with M. lentiflavum and @entity3069 -intracellulare complex infection. RESULTS: Forty-five microbiologically confirmed NTM @entity3298 @entity1 were identified: 19 (45.2%) caused by @entity3069 -intracellulare complex, 17 (40.5%) by M. lentiflavum, 1 by both and 5 by other mycobacteria. Out of 17 M. lentiflavum cases, 14 were diagnosed in the past 5 years. Regarding M. lentiflavum cases, median age was 23 months. Submandibular nodes were the most frequently involved (76.5%), with multiple locations seen in 41% of the @entity1 and spontaneous drainage in 41% of them. Drug susceptibility tests were performed in 14 isolates and showed a complete susceptibility to @entity4581 and @entity8296 , whereas 93% were resistant to @entity1215 , 33% to @entity5176 and full resistance to other tested antimycobacterial drugs was detected. All but 1 @entity1 required surgery and 11 were treated additionally with various drug combinations. Total resolution was achieved in 50% of @entity1 within 6 months.Compared with @entity3069 -intracellulare complex cases, @entity1 were younger and laterocervical nodes were significantly less frequently involved. No statistically significant differences were found related to clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome. CONCLUSIONS: M. lentiflavum is an emerging pathogen producing NTM @entity3298 in Madrid.

title: Comparison of @entity3069 lentiflavum and XXXX -intracellulare complex @entity3298 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8296 :: ('MESH:D003523', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloserine']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium', 'M. avium', 'Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: The execution phase of apoptosis occurs through the activation and function of caspases which cleave key substrates that orchestrate the @entity204 process. Here, we have compared the sensitivity of various T and B cell lines to @entity204 receptor or @entity866 -induced apoptosis. First, we found a lack of correlation between @entity204 receptor expression and sensitivity to Fas or @entity2205 . By contrast, a correlation between caspase activation, DNA fragmentation and cell @entity204 in T cell lines was evidenced. Among T cells, CEM underwent apoptosis in response to @entity10762 but were resistant to @entity2205 in agreement with the absence of @entity2205 receptors @entity55964 ) on their surface. The B cell line SKW 6.4 was sensitive to @entity10762 and @entity866 but resistant to @entity2205 . As B cell lines expressed significant levels of @entity4107 and @entity3049 , resistance to @entity2205 in SKW 6.4 is likely due to the expression of the decoy receptor @entity3050 . @entity2109 such as RPMI 8866 and Raji did not exhibit DNA fragmentation in response to @entity10762 , @entity2205 or @entity866 but showed long-term caspase-dependent loss of viability upon effector treatment. The B cell lines used in this study express very weak or undetectable levels of @entity13779 and relatively high levels of @entity15975 . Interestingly, cytosolic extracts from RPMI 88.66 but not other B lymphoma exhibit altered levels of @entity4674 -dependent caspase activation. Taken together, our results show that: (1) @entity204 receptor expression does not correlate with sensitivity to apoptosis; (2) the very low ratio of @entity13779 vs. @entity15975 is unlikely to explain by itself the lack of DNA fragmentation observed in certain B cell lines; and (3) a defective @entity4674 -dependent caspase activation might account at least in part for the insensitivity of certain @entity2109 (RPMI 88.66) to apoptosis. Thus it seems that resistance of @entity2109 to apoptosis is not governed by a general mechanism, but is rather multifactorial and differs from one cell line to another.

title: T and B leukemic cell lines exhibit different requirements for cell @entity204 : correlation between caspase activation, XXXX / @entity15975 expression, DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in T cell lines but not in @entity2109 .

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

answer: @entity13779 :: (1677,Gene) :: ['DFF40']


abstract: Collagen was purified from @entity291 Achilles tendon and crosslinked with @entity13253 ( @entity13337 ) and @entity3584 (GTA). Under optimal conditions, the shrinkage temperature (Ts) was raised to 74 degrees C for collagen crosslinked with DMS and to 80 degrees C for those crosslinked with GTA. Crosslinking density measurements were done on the hydrothermally denatured collagen by the method based on the Flory-Rehner equation. GTA treatment was found to introduce more number of crosslinks than DMS. The maximum tension attained during heating (after shrinkage has occurred) was greater for GTA-treated collagen than for DMS and control. The control collagen membranes broke during heating (at 73 degrees C), while for the crosslinked membranes the tension kept on increasing up to 100 degrees C. The crosslinking density correlated well with the data determined from the in vitro and in vivo degradation studies. Uncrosslinked and DMS crosslinked collagen membranes were more susceptible to degradation by enzymes in vitro, while GTA-treated collagen was highly resistant to degradation. The biocompatibility of the collagen membranes was studied by subcutaneous implantation in @entity35 . Uncrosslinked collagen membranes degraded within 14 days with the formation of granulation tissue. DMS crosslinked membranes degraded within 21 days and the area was replaced by numerous fibroblasts and newly formed collagen. No calcification was observed. For GTA-treated membranes, @entity39 was observed after 7 days implantation and by 14 days the membrane had started to calcify.

title: Crosslinking density and resorption of XXXX -treated collagen.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity13253 :: ('MESH:D004120', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl suberimidate']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

answer: @entity13253 :: (MESH:D004120,Chemical) :: ['dimethyl suberimidate']


abstract: Fifty-eight consecutive @entity1 with clinical symptoms of @entity1151 / @entity1188 were examined by ultrasound as the first imaging modality. The diagnosis was confirmed in 35 @entity1 by ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy; 13 underwent pulmonary angiography for verification of clinical diagnosis. Seven @entity1 died, necropsy was performed and the diagnosis of @entity1151 was confirmed in six cases; three @entity1 were submitted to transthoracic lung biopsy. Intercostal space and an additional small pleural effusion in 48% of the examined @entity1 served as a sonic window for the 5 MHz sector scanner. In 42 of the 54 cases with a final diagnosis of @entity1151 / @entity1188 a total of 69, @entity75 with a pleural basis were detected. These were conspicuous, predominantly triangular, of a mean size 4.6 x 3.7 cm (range 9 x 8 to 2 x 1.5). A hyperechoic structure with reverberation artefacts suggestive of air was frequently visible in the centre: a sign of segmental involvement. The ultrasound examination yielded a true positive result in 41 cases. The overall sensitivity was 98% and the specificity 66%. The prevalence of @entity1151 was 83% and the diagnostic accuracy 90%. This suggests that chest sonography can be an efficient technique in the detection of @entity8995 .

title: Sonographic observation of XXXX and early @entity1188 by @entity1151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infarction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoechoic, lesions']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity8995 :: (MESH:D054060,Disease) :: ['pulmonary infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: Immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the expression of Ki-67, a nuclear proliferation marker, in 180 @entity11 @entity5 specimens to determine whether Ki-67 is a prognostic predictor of survival or @entity5 recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical database of 180 @entity11 @entity1 (35 @entity1 aged </=18 years and 145 adults) was compiled. Eighty @entity1 had received postoperative radiotherapy (RT) and 100 @entity1 had had RT deferred until the time of @entity5 progression/recurrence. Ki-67 indexes were evaluated retrospectively on @entity5 specimens from these @entity1 using a semiautomated computer analysis technique. Ten observations were averaged per @entity1 . The maximal Ki-67 value was recorded. RESULTS: The correlation between the Ki-67 index and survival was much higher for the averaged Ki-67 value than for the maximal value. Of the @entity5 specimens, 29% had a negative Ki-67 index (i.e., zero Ki-67 positive cells) and 7.7% had an average Ki-67 index of >/=5%. An average Ki-67 value of >/=5% was prognostically significant for reduced cause-specific survival (CSS, p = 0.05) and a Ki-67 level >/=10% was strongly significant of a poor survival outcome (p = 0.009). Ki-67 was not prognostically significant for progression-free survival. Other prognostically significant factors for CSS included age (p = 0.05), Karnofsky performance status (p = 0.0001), radiation dose (p = 0.02), extent of surgical resection (biopsy vs. others, p = 0.004), and timing of radiation (p = 0.0005). Ki-67 did not remain an independent statistically significant factor for CSS on multivariate analysis. Age and Ki-67 positivity (both maximal and average values) directly correlated (i.e., advancing age was associated with a higher Ki-67 index). When the @entity1 group was further subdivided by age and timing of RT (postoperative vs. deferred), the prognostic significance of Ki-67 for CSS was lost. Within the deferred RT subgroup, a maximal Ki-67 >2% was associated with a worsened CSS. Within the pediatric population, Ki-67-negative @entity1 had a 5-year CSS and progression-free survival of 100%. The 5-year CSS and progression-free survival declined significantly to 84% and 67% for @entity1 with @entity5 demonstrating any degree of Ki-67 positivity (p = 0.005 and p = 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSION: Ki-67 is a useful predictor of CSS in low-grade @entity11 ; however, it is not independent of other prognostic factors, particularly age. Although Ki-67 was not helpful in predicting which adult @entity1 were likely to benefit from postoperative RT, the results of the present study indicate a possible utility in the selection of pediatric @entity1 for RT and in the selection of poorer prognosis @entity1 for clinical trials.

title: Ki-67: a prognostic factor for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['low-grade glioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the causes, presentation, and treatment of ejaculatory duct obstruction in subfertile males. DESIGN: Collaborative retrospective study of clinical experience collected by two urologists over a 15-year period. SETTING: National Health Service and Private Care Hospitals. @entity1 , @entity1 : Subfertile males with @entity3893 (n = 67), very severe @entity6660 (n = 17), @entity6660 (n = 1), or normal sperm concentration (n = 2) in small volume ejaculates with acid pH and little or no @entity948 . INTERVENTIONS: Exploration of scrotum with vasogram and testicular biopsy, plus reconstruction if possible. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Follow-up seminal analysis and occurrence of pregnancy in female partners. RESULTS: The causes were: m  llerian duct cyst (n = 17); wolffian duct @entity600 (n = 19); previous surgical @entity130 (e.g., imperforate anus) (n = 15); previous @entity281 (n = 19); @entity378 (n = 8); megavesicles (pathological dilatation of vesicles and ampullae of unknown cause) (n = 8); and @entity263 (n = 1). After incision of Mullerian duct cysts, five pregnancies were produced. Five pregnancies occurred in the other groups using a variety of surgical techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Routine vasography has shown that ejaculatory duct obstruction is not as rare as previously thought. The diagnosis should not be missed because the condition is simple to correct surgically in certain cases.

title: Ejaculatory duct obstruction in subfertile males: analysis of 87 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of prostate']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['genital infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligozoospermia']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lifestyle, genetic, bioclinical and biochemical factors of European university students aged 18-26 years, with and without documented paternal histories of premature @entity301 , have been compared in the @entity731 Research Studies (EARS) I and II. OBJECTIVE: To highlight consistencies and inconsistencies between findings in the two studies. METHODS: All measurements were made according to strict protocols, by trained technicians using validated methods. The results for @entity1 in EARS I are compared with those from EARS II which was confined to @entity1 . RESULTS: In both studies we found no differences between cases and controls in lifestyle factors and bioclinical factors except that controls were taller. We found inconsistent differences between @entity28 indices and antecedents of arterial @entity101 . In both studies we found consistent differences between cases and controls in levels of total @entity165 and @entity755 , both levels being higher in cases. The lack of any difference between levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 and apolipoprotein A1 was also found consistently. Inconsistent differences were found for levels of @entity1674 and @entity2204 . For most of the candidate genes that were studied, no differences between cases and controls were found, but different polymorphisms were associated with levels of lipids, apoproteins and @entity2002 independently of case-control status. Some of these associations were potentiated by lifestyle factors. The interaction between genetic and environmental factors is further illustrated with results from the association of @entity2204 polymorphism with the level of @entity755 and a variety of other determinants of @entity755 level. CONCLUSIONS: In the EARS studies a documented family history of premature @entity301 was mainly expressed in terms of biochemical factors that are determined both by nature and by nurture.

title: A comparison of lifestyle, genetic, bioclinical and biochemical variables of offspring with and without family histories of premature @entity301 : the experience of the XXXX Research Studies.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['European Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['European Atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of adjuvant post-operative therapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: After IRB approval was obtained at all sites, a multi-center retrospective study of @entity1 with FIGO @entity34 diagnosed from 1997 to 2007 was conducted. Post-operative treatment included observation (OBS), radiation ( @entity138 ), chemotherapy (CT) alone or with @entity138 ( @entity138 ). Data analyzed included demographic and pathologic factors, adjuvant therapy outcomes, and time-to-event information. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate time-to-event functions. Cox regression modeling was used to examine the impact of selected covariates on progression free survival (PFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: 111 @entity1 were identified: 94 (85%) had stage I and 17 (15%) had @entity34 . Forty-four @entity1 (40%) did not receive adjuvant therapy (OBS), 29 (26%) @entity1 had adjuvant CT, 23 (20%) @entity1 underwent @entity138 and 15 (14%) @entity1 underwent @entity138 +CT. Seventy-three @entity1 were alive without disease and 38 had progressed or died at the close of data collection. In multivariate analysis, CT (p=0.003), LVSI (p<0.0001) and a pre-existing @entity5 (p=0.004) were most predictive of PFS. LVSI was predictive of shortened @entity1349 (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with FIGO @entity34 , adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved PFS compared to radiation or observation alone. Ongoing clinical trials will clarify the role of chemotherapy in @entity1 with this disease.

title: A multi-institutional cohort study of adjuvant therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early stage uterine carcinosarcoma', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage I-II uterine carcinosarcoma', 'stage II uterine carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['stage I-II uterine carcinosarcoma']


abstract: Two groups of growing posthatching Cornish x Rock cross @entity1573 were fed with either a @entity1735 -containing (52.5%) or a @entity1735 -free diet. At 36 days after hatching some of the chicks in each group were shifted to the opposite diet. @entity1573 fed on a @entity1735 -containing diet grew faster and achieved higher asymptotic masses than @entity1573 fed on a @entity1735 -free diet. @entity1573 fed on a @entity1735 -free diet had longer intestines and larger intestinal areas than @entity1573 of the same mass fed on a @entity1735 -containing diet. In both groups sucrase and maltase activity (standardized by either intestinal area or mass) increased from day 1 to approximately day 17. After day 17, @entity1573 fed on a @entity1735 -containing diet exhibited 1.8 and 1.9 times higher sucrase and maltase activities per unit intestinal area, respectively, than @entity1573 fed on a @entity1735 -free diet. Analysis of covariance was used to estimate the contribution of sucrase and the sucrase-independent maltases to maltase activity, and to estimate the effect of diet on the sucrase-independent maltases. Sucrase contributed 80% and 75% of the maltase activity in @entity1735 and @entity1735 -free fed @entity1573 , respectively. @entity1573 shifted from a @entity1735 -free to a @entity1735 diet converged in gross intestinal morphology and intestinal sucrase and maltase levels with @entity1735 -fed @entity1573 within 8 days. @entity1573 shifted from @entity1735 to @entity1735 -free diets, in contrast, did not show appreciable changes in intestinal length and after 8 days had not reduced levels of sucrase and maltase to those of @entity1573 fed on the @entity1735 -free diet. A comparison of integrated maltase intestinal activity with published data on @entity413 uptake showed that the ratio of @entity7969 hydrolysis to @entity413 uptake seemed to be about 7 and to remain relatively invariant during ontogeny. Because so little is known about the interaction between hydrolysis and uptake in vivo, it is difficult to determine if this relatively high ratio represents excess hydrolytic capacity or if it is needed to provide high lumenal @entity413 concentrations that maximize uptake.

title: Ontogenesis of intestine morphology and intestinal disaccharidases in @entity1573 ( XXXX ) fed contrasting purified diets.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'Chickens']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['Gallus gallus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify gender differences in delay time and the reasons why African Americans delay in seeking medical care for symptoms of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Five hospitals in the San Francisco and East Bay areas. @entity1 : Sixty-one African American @entity1 and @entity1 diagnosed with an @entity583 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prehospital delay time. RESULTS: Median delay time was longer for @entity1 compared to @entity1 (4.4 hours vs 3.5 hours), although the difference was not significant. Single @entity1 delayed longer than single @entity1 (P = .03), and @entity1 who were alone when symptoms began delayed longer than @entity1 with someone (P = .03). @entity1 who received advice to seek help or call 911 upon symptom onset had @entity245 compared to @entity1 who were not advised to call 911 (P = .01). @entity1 at home delayed longer than @entity1 who experienced their symptoms outside the home (P = .01). @entity1 with emergency room insurance delayed longer than @entity1 without emergency room insurance (P = .03), and @entity1 who took an ambulance to the hospital had shorter delay times than @entity1 who took other means of transportation (P = .04). CONCLUSION: @entity1 compared to @entity1 often delay seeking treatment for an @entity583 , which further increases their risks. Our findings suggest specific characteristics that can serve as a profile to those African Americans most likely to delay seeking treatment for @entity583 .

title: Are there gender differences in the reasons why African Americans delay in seeking medical help for symptoms of an XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PATIENTS', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['shorter delays']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Recently, many studies have investigated the association of allelic variants of @entity19278 gene ( @entity6362 ) with insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and the risk of @entity4854 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). Although it is clear that @entity6362 mutations cause @entity6 , the genetic basis of the association of common @entity6362 variants with @entity2175 is still unclear. To date, many case-control studies have been carried out to investigate the role of the @entity6362 gene polymorphism in the development of @entity2175 . However, these studies are controversial and individual studies may have insufficient power to reach a comprehensive and reliable conclusion. The aim of this study was to investigate association of @entity6362 genes polymorphisms ( @entity53738 and @entity24049 ) with @entity2175 by conducting a meta-analysis. Seven studies with 6705 @entity2175 cases and 11144 controls were enrolled in the meta-analysis of the association between @entity53738 polymorphism and @entity2175 , and 12 studies with 16304 @entity2175 cases and 22004 controls were enrolled in the meta-analysis of @entity24049 polymorphism. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using fixed and random-effects models. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the I   and Begg's test was used to evaluate publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was also performed. Our results suggested that the G allele of @entity53738 polymorphism [dominant: FEM OR 0.873, 95%CI (0.810 - 0.940), recessive: FEM OR 0.876, 95% CI (0.800 - 0.959)] and A allele of @entity24049 polymorphism [dominant:FEM OR 0.853, 95% CI (0.817 - 0.892), recessive:REM OR 0.833, 95% CI (0.756 - 0.917)] in @entity6362 gene had significant protective effects on risk of @entity2175 .

title: Association of XXXX and @entity24049 polymorphisms in @entity6362 gene with @entity6 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity19278 :: ('MESH:D014929', 'Disease') :: ['Wolfram syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity53738 :: (rs734312,SNP) :: ['rs734312']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Debate persists with regard to how best to categorize the syndromal dimension of negative symptoms in @entity161 . The aim was to first review published @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ) of the PANSS, and extract items most frequently included in the negative domain, and secondly, to examine the quality of items using Item Response Theory (IRT) to select items that best represent a measurable dimension (or dimensions) of negative symptoms. METHODS: First, 22 factor analyses and @entity2483 met were included. Second, using a large dataset (n=7187) of @entity1 in clinical trials with chronic @entity161 , we extracted items loading on one or more @entity2483 . Third, items not loading with a value of >=  0.5, or loading on more than one component with values of >=  0.5 were discarded. Fourth, resulting items were included in a non-parametric IRT and retained based on Option Characteristic Curves (OCCs) and Item Characteristic Curves (ICCs). RESULTS: 15 items loaded on a negative domain in at least one study, with Emotional Withdrawal loading on all studies. Non-parametric IRT retained nine items as an Integrated Negative Factor: Emotional Withdrawal, Blunted Affect, Passive/Apathetic Social Withdrawal, Poor Rapport, Lack of Spontaneity/Conversation Flow, Active Social Avoidance, Disturbance of Volition, Stereotyped Thinking and Difficulty in Abstract Thinking. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to use a psychometric IRT process to arrive at a set of negative symptom items. Future steps will include further examination of these nine items in terms of their stability, sensitivity to change, and correlations with functional and cognitive outcomes.

title: A new Integrated Negative Symptom structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in XXXX using item response analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['PCA', 'Principle Components Analysis']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity56995 is a nuclear-encoded plastid protein that functions as a proteolytic subunit of the @entity855 -dependent Clp protease of higher plants. Given the lack of viable @entity56995 knockout mutants, antisense @entity56995 repression lines were prepared to study the functional importance of @entity56995 in @entity958 . Screening of transformants revealed viable lines with up to 90% loss of wild type levels of @entity56995 protein, while those with > 90% were severely bleached and strongly retarded in vegetative growth, failing to reach reproductive maturity. Of the viable antisense plants, repression of @entity56995 expression produced a pleiotropic phenotype, of which slow growth and leaf variegation were most prominent. @entity24194 was most severe in younger leaves, with the affected regions localized around the mid-vein and exhibiting impaired chloroplast development and mesophyll cell differentiation. @entity24194 lessened during leaf expansion until all had regained the wild type appearance upon maturity. This change in phenotype correlated with the developmental expression of @entity56995 in the wild type, in which @entity56995 was less abundant in mature leaves due to post-transcriptional/translational regulation. Repression of @entity56995 caused a concomitant down-regulation of other nuclear-encoded @entity39272 paralogs in the antisense lines, but no change in other chloroplast-localized Clp proteins. Greening of the young chlorotic antisense plants upon maturation was accelerated by increased light, either by longer photoperiod or by higher growth irradiance; conditions that both raised levels of @entity56995 in wild type leaves. In contrast, shift to low growth irradiance decreased the relative amount of @entity56995 in wild type leaves, and caused newly developed leaves of fully greened antisense lines to regain the chlorotic phenotype.

title: A nuclear-encoded @entity39272 subunit of the chloroplast XXXX -dependent Clp protease is essential for early development in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Thoracentesis with chest tube placement is often needed to decompress a clinically significant pneumothorax or @entity1143 . The risks of such a procedure may be considered too great to perform on a systemically anticoagulated @entity1 supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). RESULTS: An 8-year-old @entity1 with @entity1576 due to @entity39 and @entity1333 , on veno-venous ECMO, developed a severe @entity2701 pneumothorax that required emergent decompression with a chest tube. Post-procedure, the @entity1 developed a hemothorax that was approaching non-sustainability. We developed a strategy based on Virchow's triad to favor homeostasis in the @entity1 while avoiding @entity715 in the ECMO circuit. We employed selective lung ventilation, passive @entity456 , high flow ECMO, and @entity146 cascade control, including the use of @entity7115 and activated factor VIIa. Following this strategy, the @entity548 was controlled and, later, the @entity1 was able to successfully come off ECMO. CONCLUSIONS: With @entity3459 cascade manipulation, complete lung rest for the affected lung, control of ECMO blood flow, and prudent hemothorax drainage, we were able to facilitate hemostasis that was required for the successful recovery of our @entity1 while avoiding critical ECMO circuit @entity715 . Even with today's highly advanced medical technologies, centuries-old basic medical principles can still assist in the care of our sickest and most complex @entity1 . Chest tube placement while on ECMO is rare and, although necessary, may be a risky procedure. With precise coagulation control, it can be a successful procedure on ECMO.

title: Controlling intrathoracic XXXX on ECMO: help from Factor VIIa and Virchow.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive coagulation']

entities_list: @entity7115 :: ('MESH:D000614', 'Chemical') :: ['aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['careful coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural drainage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate variables for the prediction of lymph node @entity3 in @entity189 , using a recently proposed modified @entity5 that combines the histological degree of differentiation and extent of local invasion of the primary @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with squamous @entity189 and histo- or cytological staging of the inguinal lymph nodes were reviewed. A clinical TNM staging system was used in which the size (diameter) of the primary @entity5 and the clinical extent of invasion were considered. Subsequently, the @entity5 were also staged according to a modified T-system in which the histological degree of differentiation and pathological extent of @entity5 invasion were combined. RESULTS: Penectomy was performed in 34 @entity1 (partial amputation in 20 and radical penectomy in 17). Inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed in 31 @entity1 and in four the presence of lymph node @entity3 was confirmed by aspiration cytology. Using the clinical TNM staging system, lymph node @entity3 were histo- or cytologically present in no @entity1 with T1, in five of 19 with T2, in 10 of 13 with T3 and in both @entity1 with T4 @entity5 . Lymph node @entity3 were present in two of eight @entity1 without clinically palpable inguinal nodes, in three of 14 with nodes clinically thought to be infective and in 11 of 12 nodes clinically considered to be malignant. Lymph node @entity3 were present in five of 17 @entity1 with grade 1, in nine of 13 with grade 2 and in three of five with grade 3 @entity5 . Using the modified histological T-staging system (T1 = grade 1-2, invasive through dermis; T2 = any grade, invasion of corpus spongiosum or cavernosum; T3 = any grade, invasion of urethra; T4 = grade 3, regardless of invasion) lymph node @entity3 were present in one of nine @entity1 with T1, in eight of 16 with T2, in all five with T3 and in three of five with T4 @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The modified T-staging system, which combines histological differentiation with pathological extent of invasion, provided the best predictive distinction between T1 and @entity5 , indicating that lymphadenectomy can be avoided in T1 @entity5 , but should be performed in all @entity1 with @entity5 . We recommend bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy 6-8 weeks after penectomy in such @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the penis--appraisal of a modified @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour-staging system', 'T2-4 tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the penis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma']


abstract: In a comparative study on the effects of predictive DNA testing for @entity74 , pre-test psychological distress was assessed in @entity1 at risk for @entity2033 ( @entity2033 , n = 41), @entity1779 ( @entity12225 -D, n = 9), @entity5344 (HBOC, n = 24), and @entity1412 ( @entity1941 , n = 45). Partners, if available, also participated in the study. @entity147 was measured with the subscales Intrusion and Avoidance of the Impact of Event Scale. @entity1 at risk for the @entity179 reported more avoidance than those at risk for the @entity5 syndromes. @entity1 at risk for @entity1941 and partners of those at risk for HBOC reported less intrusion than the others at risk and the other partners. Subjects who were more distressed reported more experiences with the disease in close relatives, the disease having a great impact on their lives, having considerations against predictive testing, expecting that being identified as a gene carrier would have adverse effects, and expecting relief after being identified as a non-carrier. Test candidates who expected an increase of personal problems showed higher avoidance, whereas those who could better anticipate future life as a carrier had higher intrusion levels. Generally, subjects with high distress levels are of more concern to the healthcare professional than those with low distress levels. However, high distress may reflect worrying as a mental preparation for the test result, whereas low distress may indicate denial-avoidance behaviour and poor anticipation of the test outcome. In pre-test counselling sessions, this should be acknowledged and addressed.

title: Psychological distress in applicants for predictive DNA testing for autosomal dominant, heritable, XXXX . The Rotterdam/Leiden Genetics Workgroup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Distress']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['late onset disorders']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis coli']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral haemorrhage']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['late onset disorders']


abstract: @entity8923 binding protein (BP) neutralizes the activity of @entity8923 , a cytokine implicated in @entity1569 and @entity309 ( @entity309 ). We investigated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of recombinant @entity1 @entity10454 (r- @entity10454 ) in healthy volunteers and subjects with @entity1569 or @entity309 in four phase I studies. A) Healthy volunteers (n = 24) were randomised to receive a single subcutaneous (sc) injection of r- @entity10454 (20, 70, 210 or 350 mg) or placebo. B) Healthy volunteers (n = 10) were randomised to receive six sc injections of r- @entity10454 (35 or 175 mg, 48 h between injections) or placebo. C) Subjects with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 (n = 35) were randomised to receive r- @entity10454 (20, 160 or 320 mg, sc tiw) or placebo for 6 weeks. D) Subjects with active, moderate-to-severe @entity309 (n = 36) were randomised to receive r- @entity10454 (20, 80, 160 mg, sc tiw) or placebo for 6 weeks. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety were assessed in all four studies. r- @entity10454 showed a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic profile, with a peak serum concentration of 6-48 hours. With repeated sc injections tiw, a steady state was achieved in 1-2 weeks among subjects with @entity1569 or @entity309 . The majority of adverse events were mild or moderate in severity. Injection site reactions were the most frequently reported event in subjects with @entity1569 or @entity309 . r- @entity10454 displays dose-dependent pharmacokinetics, has a favourable safety profile and is well-tolerated in healthy volunteers and in subjects with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 or active, moderate-to-severe @entity309 .

title: Pharmacokinetics of @entity8923 binding protein in healthy volunteers and subjects with XXXX or @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Genetic changes are important in the development of @entity14 . Ploidy and @entity33 were measured in histologically normal rectal mucosa of 85 individuals (mean age 59 years, range 29-74) who had a total colonoscopy. Fifty-one subjects had an @entity652 or were undergoing @entity652 . Twenty-two subjects had a strong family history of @entity14 individuals comprised a control group who had a normal colonoscopy without a family history of @entity14 . An abnormal DNA content ( @entity2007 ) was found in the normal mucosa of nine (10.6%) individuals. There was no significant difference in @entity33 with those who had @entity2007 and those who had diploidy. There was a trend towards increased proliferation in those with @entity2007 and @entity652 , compared with controls. Of the 35 individuals undergoing @entity652 , eight had recurrent @entity652 , and three of these expressed @entity2007 . In the other 27, in whom no @entity652 were found, no individual expressed @entity2007 (P = 0.01, Fisher's exact test). @entity2007 within histologically normal mucosa is an unusual feature, which requires further investigation, particularly in @entity1 developing @entity652 .

title: DNA content of rectal mucosa and @entity33 in individuals at high risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy', 'Aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['rectal mucosal proliferation']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer and 12', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma', 'adenoma surveillance']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']