abstract: We report on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity in homogenates prepared from fat bodies of the @entity4079 @entity4079 . PLA2 activity is responsible for hydrolyzing @entity1718 from the sn-2 position of phospholipids. The rate of hydrolysis increased with increasing homogenate protein concentration up to approximately 320 micrograms protein/ml reaction volume. Higher protein concentrations did not appreciably increase the rate of PLA2 activity. As seen in some, but not all @entity7098 from @entity1 sources, hydrolyzing activity increased linearly with time. The fat body activity was sensitive to pH (optimal activity at pH 8-9) and temperature (optimal activity at approximately 40 degrees C). The activity was associated with fat body rather than hemolymph, because no activity was detected in cell-free serum. The fat body PLA2 activity differs from the majority of @entity7098 with respect to @entity460 requirements. Whereas most @entity7098 require millimolar @entity460 concentrations for full activity, a few @entity7098 are @entity460 -independent. A few others are known to require submicromolar @entity460 concentrations. The fat body activity appears to be @entity460 independent. These data show that a PLA2 activity that can hydrolyze @entity1426 from the sn-2 position of phospholipids is associated with the @entity4079 fat body. The biological significance of this activity relates to biosynthesis of @entity1813 . Pharmacological inhibition of PLA2 impairs the ability of this insect to respond to @entity2348 . Since the impairment can be reversed by treatment with exogenous @entity1426 , the PLA2 activity may be an important step in eicosanoid biosynthesis.

title: Phospholipase A2 activity in the fat body of the @entity4079 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta', 'tobacco hornworm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity4079 :: (7130,Species) :: ['Manduca sexta']


abstract: Functional connectivity (FC) studies of brain mechanisms leading to auditory verbal @entity1833 (AVHs) utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are reviewed. Initial FC studies utilized fMRI data collected during performance of various tasks, which suggested frontotemporal disconnection and/or source-monitoring disturbances. Later FC studies have utilized resting (no-task) fMRI data. These studies have produced a mixed picture of disconnection and hyperconnectivity involving different pathways associated with AVHs. Results of our most recent FC study of AVHs are reviewed in detail. This study suggests that the core mechanism producing AVHs involves not a single pathway, but a more complex functional loop. Components of this loop include @entity244 and its right homologue, the @entity75 , and the putamen. It is noteworthy that the putamen appears to play a critical role in the generation of spontaneous language, and in determining whether auditory stimuli are registered consciously as percepts. Excessive functional coordination linking this region with the Wernicke's seed region in @entity1 with @entity161 could, therefore, generate an overabundance of potentially conscious language representations. In our model, intact FC in the other two legs of corticostriatal loop (Wernicke's with left IFG, and left IFG with putamen) appeared to allow hyperconnectivity linking the putamen and @entity244 (common to @entity161 overall) to be expressed as conscious @entity1833 of speech. Recommendations for future studies are discussed, including inclusion of multiple methodologies applied to the same subjects in order to compare and contrast different mechanistic hypotheses, utilizing EEG to better parse time-course of neural synchronization leading to AVHs, and ascertaining experiential subtypes of AVHs that may reflect distinct mechanisms.

title: Functional connectivity studies of XXXX with auditory verbal @entity1833 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left inferior frontal cortex']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Wernicke's area"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast screening programs in Spain cover almost 100% of population. The objective of the present study was to analyze if there have been any changes during the last decade in our breast screening unit (Unidad de Prevenci  n del C  ncer de Mama de Castell  n) that can also be extrapolated to other breast screening units. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive analysis reviewing @entity1 seen in our breast screening unit between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009. @entity1 with a final diagnosis of @entity189 , year of diagnosis, age, histological type, infiltration, surgical procedure and @entity5 extension were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 311 @entity0 were diagnosed among 90,010 @entity1 who were seen at our breast screening unit. Mean age of the @entity1 was 56 years. A progressive increase of the target population was seen (24,004 @entity1 in 2000 and 31,950 in 2009). Histological type, percentage of infiltrative @entity5 and lymph node involvement did not show significant differences by year. Differences were observed for @entity5 size (pT category of @entity2802 classification) and breast conservation surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 stage in @entity5 diagnosed in breast screening units progressively decreased when the program was being implemented. There is a maximum level among which @entity5 characteristics remain constant. Changes in screening programs can modify these characteristics.

title: [ XXXX screening: have there been any changes during the last decade? A study in a Spanish unit].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: We studied the effects of @entity18370 , a selective @entity935 @entity29745 agonist on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics, renal blood flow and @entity1372 excretion in 12 @entity1 with @entity7160 and @entity843 . Hepatic, azygos and renal veins were catheterized before and after intravenous administration of @entity18370 , 0.05 micrograms/kg/min for 1 hr and increased to 0.1 micrograms/kg/min for another hour. Mean arterial pressure progressively decreased (from 83 +/- 7 to a minimum of 77 +/- 8 mm Hg 100 min after starting the infusion) but returned to baseline level at 120 min. Plasma @entity1063 and @entity916 activity increased (respectively from 567 +/- 297 to 919 +/- 375 pg/ml, p less than 0.05, and from 17 +/- 14 to 23 +/- 15 ng/ml/hr, p less than 0.05). Renal blood flow, urine output or @entity1372 excretion did not change. @entity1372 output decreased at 1 hr from 6.9 mumol/min to 4.0 mumol/min, p less than 0.05. Both hepatic venous pressure gradient and azygos blood flow significantly increased by 21%. We conclude that the acute administration of @entity18370 did not improve renal hemodynamics or function in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 . In addition, @entity935 @entity29745 agonism caused further increases in @entity1063 concentration and plasma @entity916 activity. Portal pressure also increased, probably because of an increase in mesenteric blood flow. These results question the renal benefit and raise concern about the use of @entity935 agonists in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 .

title: Selective @entity935 @entity29745 stimulation with XXXX in cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity843 : a systemic, splanchnic and renal hemodynamic study.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity18370 :: ('MESH:D018818', 'Chemical') :: ['fenoldopam']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity18370 :: (MESH:D018818,Chemical) :: ['fenoldopam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term spontaneous fluctuation of viral load in @entity1 with @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ) and explore the related factors in treatment naive @entity6194 @entity1 during immune clearance phase. METHODS: A total of 123 treatment naive HBeAg-positive @entity6194 @entity1 with @entity46660   ULN were enrolled in this study. Paired serum samples were obtained at the first and second visits with an interval of less than 4 weeks. The levels of quantitative @entity97 DNA (Roche COBAS), quantitative HBsAg, ALT and AST were analyzed. Liver biopsy specimen were collected within 4 weeks and evaluated using Knodell and Ishak histological scoring system. RESULTS: Of the 123 @entity1 , 93 (75.6%) and 30 (24.4%) had @entity97 DNA fluctuation  <= 0.5 Log IU/ml and >0.5 Log IU/ml, respectively. Binary logistic multivariate regression analysis identified Knodell necroinflammation score and @entity97 DNA level as the factors related to @entity97 DNA fluctuation. @entity1 with Knodell necorinflammation score >=  10 or @entity97 DNA<7 Log IU/ml had significantly higher rates of @entity97 DNA fluctuation>0.5 Log IU/ml (50.0% vs 18.3%, P=0.042; 42.9% vs 20.6%, P=0.030). CONCLUSION: Treatment naive @entity6194 @entity1 in immune clearance phase show short-term spontaneous fluctuation of @entity97 DNA, and nearly 25% of the @entity1 have @entity97 DNA fluctuation >0.5 Log IU/ml. Such fluctuation is related to @entity409 and quantity of @entity97 DNA.

title: [Short-term spontaneous fluctuation of viral load in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B', 'CHB']

answer: @entity6194 :: (MESH:D019694,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis B']


abstract: The most serious and fatal complication of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) is still accepted as @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). One of the methods used for @entity1151 prophylaxis is inferior vena cava filter( @entity2418 ). Between 1999 and 2000, @entity2418 is used in 12 @entity1 (8 male, 4 female) who were hospitalized in @entity130 and Surgical Emergency Service of Istanbul Medical Faculty. 10 of the @entity2418 used were permanent and 2 of them were temporary filters. 8 permanent filter were applied to @entity1 with life-long @entity451 or @entity1688 due to @entity1566 . Two @entity1 to whom permanent filters were applied had @entity5 . @entity1 who had the diagnosis of @entity5 , had @entity1150 . In this @entity1 , because of the high bleeding risk, we applied permanent filter. In the other @entity1 , who had the diagnosis @entity150 , had @entity1150 despite the usage of low molecular weight heparin. In two @entity1 who needed short term @entity1151 prophylaxis, had temporary @entity2418 . In one of these @entity1 , primary diagnosis was @entity510 due to @entity542 . In the 8th day of hospitalization, @entity1150 occurred. Because of high risk of @entity510 , @entity2418 was performed. The second @entity1 had the diagnosis of @entity3439 and @entity510 due to @entity542 and multiple lower extremity @entity174 . @entity2418 were applied in Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology. For cannulation line of permanent @entity2418 (LGM Venatech-B. Braun) right femoral vein was used. For temporary filters (Proliser @entity6715 ), right internal jugular vein was the preferred way. Two multitrauma @entity1 who had permanent filters died due to @entity295 and @entity177 . In the follow up of other @entity1 during the average period of 7.6 months, any problem due @entity2418 application or by related complication and @entity1151 did not occur. Although larger @entity1 groups with follow up period are necessary to evaluate better, we think that in @entity1151 prophylaxis, @entity2418 is safe and effective modality.

title: [Applications of the inferior vena cava filter for the prevention of the risk for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Cordis-Johnson and Johnson Company']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding', 'subarachnoidal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['late stage cervical carcinoma', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary emboli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity75 Coalition identified the availability of @entity12870 as an essential component of a comprehensive @entity64 center. OBJECTIVE: To provide population-based estimates of @entity12870 . METHODS: State-wide estimates of cervicocerebral angiograms, endovascular @entity385 treatments, carotid angioplasty and stent placements, intracranial angioplasty and stent placements, endovascular treatment of @entity438 , and endovascular treatment of @entity7026 (AVMs) were obtained. We calculated the annual incidence rates of various @entity12870 (per 100,000 @entity1 ). For the denominator, total @entity1 in each year were categorized in 10-year age intervals. RESULTS: The incidence of carotid endarterectomy (387.6 per 100,000 @entity1 ) and carotid stent placement (34.7 per 100,000 @entity1 ) peaked at 75-84 years. The incidence of @entity439 also peaked in that population bracket (67.9 per 100,000 @entity1 ), yet there was a dramatic reduction in the incidence of surgical @entity439 treatment (3.6 per 100,000 @entity1 ) in those aged 75-84 years. There was a prominent reduction in the incidence of all procedures in the population aged >= 85 years, except for intravenous/intra-arterial thrombolytic use in @entity385 . The incidence of @entity385 increased almost by 50% in the population aged >= 85 years compared to those aged 75-84 years. However, the incidence of endovascular procedures for acute @entity385 decreased from 22.8 per 100,000 @entity1 in the population aged 75-84 years to 13.2 per 100,000 @entity1 in the population aged >= 85 years. CONCLUSIONS: A marked @entity12870 performed and disease prevalence was noted in @entity1 aged >= 85 years, an increasing segment of the population according to recent Census.

title: Population-based estimates of XXXX : results of a state-wide study.

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Attack']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm embolization', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity12870 :: ('MESH:D055191', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendovascular procedures', 'neuroendovascular and neurosurgical procedures', 'disproportion of neuroendovascular procedures']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity12870 :: (MESH:D055191,Disease) :: ['neuroendovascular procedures']


abstract: Inappropriate surface expression of voltage-gated @entity141 channels ( @entity3895 ) in pancreatic   -cells may contribute to the development of @entity164 2 @entity6 . First, failure to increase intracellular @entity141 concentrations at the sites of exocytosis impedes insulin release. Furthermore, excessive @entity141 influx may trigger cytotoxic effects. The regulation of surface expression of @entity3895 channels in the pancreatic b-cells remains unknown. Here, we used real-time 3D confocal and TIRFM imaging, immunocytochemistry, cellular fractionation, immunoprecipitation and electrophysiology to study trafficking of L- @entity164 @entity18128 channels upon b-cell stimulation. We found decreased surface expression of @entity18128 and a corresponding reduction in L- @entity164 whole-cell @entity141 currents in insulin-secreting @entity4009 832/13 cells upon protracted (15-30 min) stimulation. This internalization occurs by clathrin-dependent endocytosis and could be prevented by microtubule or dynamin inhibitors. @entity51539 ( @entity51539 ) is part of the protein translation initiation complex, but its effect on translation are modest and effects in ion channel trafficking have been suggested. The factor interacted with @entity18128 and regulated @entity18128 traffic bidirectionally. @entity51539 silencing impaired @entity18128 internalization, which resulted in an increased intracellular @entity141 load upon stimulation. These findings provide a mechanism for regulation of L- @entity164 @entity3895 channel surface expression with consequences for b-cell @entity460 homeostasis, which will affect pancreatic b-cell function and insulin production.

title: XXXX controls intracellular @entity460 homeostasis by regulation of @entity18128 surface expression.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity51539 :: ('3646', 'Gene') :: ['eIF3e', 'Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit E']

answer: @entity51539 :: (3646,Gene) :: ['Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit e']


abstract: We investigated the role of @entity4729 immunohistochemical staining in detecting germ cell @entity5 lymph node @entity3 . Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is important for staging and treatment of @entity2969 , and @entity4729 is sensitive and specific for pluripotent @entity2969 ; however, micrometastases, particularly from @entity4797 , can be difficult to detect. We examined 262 lymph nodes in 45 retroperitoneal lymph node dissection specimens from germ cell @entity5 @entity1 . Specimens were categorized as postchemotherapy and untreated retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with or without clinical suspicion, based on @entity3329 or elevated serum germ cell @entity5 markers. Sections were stained with anti- @entity4729 antibody. Twenty-one additional positive lymph nodes in 12 cases were detected to harbor scattered @entity4797 cells, singly and in small clusters, from 256 previously considered benign in: untreated retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with clinical suspicion (13% increase), postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (7%), and untreated retroperitoneal lymph node dissection without suspicion (4%). However, no @entity1 with an entirely negative dissection specimen was reclassified as positive. @entity4729 immunohistochemistry detected scattered @entity4797 cells and small clusters of @entity4797 cells in lymph nodes previously considered to be benign for an overall increase of 8%, greatest in the setting of untreated retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with clinical suspicion. However, immunohistochemistry did not convert any entirely negative specimen to positive. Future studies will be useful to determine whether the small volume of disease detected by immunohistochemistry has the same impact as routinely detected lymph node @entity3 .

title: The role of XXXX immunohistochemistry in evaluation of retroperitoneal lymph node dissections: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['testicular germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity4729 :: (5460,Gene) :: ['OCT4']


abstract: The effect of the @entity5 promoter @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) on proliferation and differentiation of normal mammary epithelial cells from 50-day-old virgin @entity35 was investigated using a model system that allows for full morphological and functional development of the cells. In this model, mammary epithelial cells are grown within a reconstituted basement membrane in a defined serum-free medium. @entity4515 at a concentration of 10(-6) M effected translocation of protein kinase C from cytosol to membrane. At the same concentration, it stimulated cell proliferation both in the presence and absence of EGF, and this stimulation was observed even when @entity4515 exposure was limited to 15 min at the time of each media change. In contrast to the effect on proliferation, @entity4515 at concentrations of 10(-7) and 10(-6) M inhibited functional differentiation as assessed by casein accumulation. @entity10670 at 10(-6) M also stimulated proliferation and inhibited casein accumulation and was more effective than @entity4515 in both cases. In contrast, the nonactive @entity5 promoter 4-alpha @entity4515 had no effect on either proliferation or differentiation. One of the most striking effects of @entity4515 was its ability to stimulate an atypical ductal morphogenesis, as manifested by the formation of intricate web-like colonies, and to inhibit the development of the well-differentiated @entity133 . @entity4515 was also shown to completely suppress the growth of the squamous-like colonies that develop when EGF is absent or deficient. These effects of @entity4996 in mammary epithelial cells to stimulate proliferation, inhibit functional differentiation, and stimulate the development of ductal colonies are consistent with the suggestion that the signal transduction pathways evoked by @entity4515 could act to stimulate the growth of initiated cells or render normal cells more sensitive to carcinogen.

title: XXXX stimulates proliferation and ductal morphogenesis and inhibits functional differentiation of normal @entity35 mammary epithelial cells in primary culture.

entities_list: @entity10670 :: ('MESH:D015240', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar-like multilobular colonies']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

answer: @entity1359 :: (CHEBI:37537,Chemical) :: ['Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']


abstract: Between 1. 1. 1970 and 31. 12. 1986/31. 12. 1987, 90 @entity1 with primary @entity5 of the small bowel were treated at the Department of Surgery of the University Erlangen-N  rnberg. Only 21% (19 of 90) of the @entity1 had no regional or distant metastases at the time of the operation. The 5-year-survival rate of the 90 @entity1 was 41% +/- 14%. Twenty-one of 34 @entity1 suffering from adeno- @entity189 were treated by curative surgery. The 5-year-survival rate of these 21 @entity1 was 44% +/- 23%. The prognosis of @entity1 with primary @entity5 of the small bowel depends on early diagnosis and curative surgery.

title: [Accomplishments of XXXX surgery in @entity5 of the small intestine].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'malignant tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is used clinically to treat several neurological and @entity209 . However, the mechanisms that underlie the clinical use of the toxin remain still to be elusive. BoNT/A inhibits @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release at the motor nerve terminals (MNT) and causes neuroparalysis. The toxic effects of BoNT/A at the MNT occur in sub-pico molar range, and it is invaluable to determine the half-life and the persistence of catalytic activity of the toxin to develop therapeutics against BoNT/A intoxication. However, the use of extremely low concentrations of BoNT/A in cellular, or animal models due to high @entity137 makes it difficult to determine new cellular mechanisms and binding or interacting partners of BoNT/A. In order to address this, a catalytically deactivated, non-toxic version of BoNT/A, designated as DrBoNT/A, was characterized. DrBoNT/A lacks endoprotease activity ( @entity30796 cleavage) at concentrations as high as 46,875-fold, compared to wild-type BoNT/A. Unlike BoNT/A injection (3.2 pg), injection of the recombinant product (150 ng or 3.2 pg) into @entity19 hind limbs failed to cause neuroparalysis as exhibited by the lack of inhibition of toe spread reflex (ability of the @entity19 to spread its hindlimb toes), and inhibit @entity1617 release at the MNT. The in vitro experiments also demonstrate that DrBoNT/A uptake (at concentrations equivalent to BoNT/A), internalization and localization at the MNT remained unaltered. In addition, modeling studies support that DrBoNT/A lacked the @entity219 binding ability, and the ability to directly participate in the hydrolysis of @entity30796 substrate. Collectively, we demonstrate that DrBoNT/A is non-toxic to the MNT and can be used as a surrogate tool to understand the mechanism by which BoNT/A modulates signal transduction mechanisms.

title: Effects of enzymatically inactive recombinant botulinum neurotoxin type A at the XXXX neuromuscular junctions.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ), @entity6437 ( @entity6437 ), @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ), and focal @entity1560 (FFC) are common @entity99 , a group of benign @entity409 , which remains difficult to be distinguished from @entity96 ( @entity96 ). This study was to investigate the clinical features and treatment of these 4 kinds of @entity99 . METHODS: Clinical data of 70 @entity1 with pathologically conformed @entity99 , treated in @entity5 Center of Sun Yat-sen University from 1992 to 2004, were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 70 @entity1 , 34 (48.6%) had clinical symptoms, and most of them suffered mild @entity158 in the abdomen; 22 (31.4%) were positive for @entity1956 virus (HBV) antigen; 21 had mild @entity409 ; 6 had @entity160 ( @entity160 ) > 25 microg/L. The ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) presentations of the @entity5 -like lesions were various. Only 8 cases of @entity4383 were diagnosed preoperatively. Sixty-one @entity1 received resection, with no @entity260 occurred. One case of @entity4383 and 1 case of @entity6437 were recurred during follow-up, and treated with non-resection therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 -like lesions are difficult to be distinguished from @entity96 . Exploratory operation should be performed in cases suspicious of @entity96 .

title: [Clinical features and treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty change']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['primary liver cancer', 'PLC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor', 'IPT']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function', 'liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha fetal protein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['ANH', 'Focal nodular hyperplasia', 'adenomatous nodular hyperplasia', 'FNH']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic tumor', 'hepatic tumor-like lesions']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic tumor-like lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2401 can be difficult to diagnose in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) due to the lack of classic symptoms and the wide variation in presentations. Poor cardiac contractility is a common finding in @entity2401 and can be evaluated by bedside ultrasound. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the utility of fractional @entity3207 measurements as an estimation of left ventricular function during bedside cardiac ultrasound evaluation in the @entity341 . CASE REPORT: A 54-year-old @entity1 presented to the @entity341 complaining of 3 days of chest tightness, palpitations, and @entity1353 , as well as persistent @entity490 . An electrocardiogram (ECG) showed @entity7129 with presumably new ST-segment elevation and signs of an incomplete @entity714 . A bedside echocardiogram was performed by the emergency physician that showed poor left ventricular function by endocardial fractional @entity3207 measurements. On further questioning, the @entity1 revealed that for the @entity16247 weeks he had been regularly huffing a commercially available compressed air duster. Based on these history and examination findings, the @entity1 was given a presumptive diagnosis of @entity2401 . A follow-up echocardiogram approximately 7 weeks later demonstrated resolution of the @entity1002 and his ECG findings normalized. CONCLUSION: Cardiac ultrasound findings of severely reduced global function measured by endocardial fractional @entity3207 were seen in this @entity1 and supported the diagnosis of @entity2401 . Endocardial fractional @entity3207 is a useful means of easily evaluating and documenting left ventricular function and can be performed at the bedside in the @entity341 .

title: Evaluation of left ventricular function by bedside ultrasound in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['toxic myocarditis', 'myocarditis', 'Myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['toxic myocarditis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: We analyzed our experience with the cervical platysma myocutaneous flap and reviewed the pertinent literature. We evaluated the harvesting technique, surgical indications, reliability of the flap, its advantages and drawbacks compared with other reconstruction techniques and assessed survival and local control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective series included 70 @entity1 with a mean 83-month follow-up. All @entity1 had an oral cavity or @entity11876 ranging from T1 to T4, N0 to N2b according to the TNM classification. All underwent one-step surgery with unilateral or bilateral type III elective neck dissection, followed by @entity5 resection, and reconstruction with a cervical platysma myocutaneous flap. RESULTS: Complications related to flap reliability were observed in 17 cases (24.3%): 1 total @entity39 (1.4%), 6 partial @entity39 (8.6%), and 10 paddle epidermolysis (14.3%). Median survival and local control were 35 and 59 months respectively. Eight out of 55 preoperative N0 @entity1 were histologically N+ (14.5%). No significant difference in risk of @entity3 recurrence was evidenced between N0 and N+ @entity1 (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION: Reconstruction after ablation of oral or @entity5 using a cervical platysma myocutaneous flap can be easily combined with an elective neck dissection without increasing the risk of recurrence. The flap must preserve the facial artery and its submental branch and the external jugular vein to ensure reliability. When indications are strictiy applied, the properties of the platysma plasty and the anterolateral cervical situation provide very satisfactory functional and esthetic results.

title: [Use of neck platysma myocutaneous flap for reconstruction substance defects after surgical resection of XXXX . Report of 70 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oropharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity11876 :: ('MESH:D009959', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal tumors']


abstract: To reduce the need for excisional biopsies in the diagnosis of breast masses, the accuracy of core needle biopsy (CNB) was determined in a university hospital setting. 150 consecutive @entity1 with solitary palpable breast masses underwent CNB over a 2-year period. Histological diagnosis was established, and in the case of @entity5 the type, grade and @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors were determined. CNB findings were compared with those independently obtained from the subsequently excised lesions. There were 103 malignant and 47 benign lesions. CNB diagnosed 136 lesions (90.7%) correctly. Fourteen biopsies were inconclusive. Histological type was correct in all cases and grading in 83.5%. Correct hormone receptor status was obtained in 97.1% of cases for @entity172 and 91.3% for @entity1420 . Diagnosis of histological type, grading, and hormone receptors obtained from CNB material is a safe way to analyze palpable @entity1558 and therefore a useful tool to select @entity1 for preoperative treatment.

title: [Value of punch biopsy in diagnosis of palpable breast tumors. A prospective analysis of 150 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In the treatment of @entity1 with @entity158 , measures related to ( @entity158 ) behaviour are of major importance. Ambulatory activity monitoring can be used to obtain insight into actual behaviour. This study was designed to validate the Activity Monitor (AM), an instrument based on long-term ambulatory monitoring of accelerometer signals, to assess several physical activities during normal daily life. Ten @entity11252 ( @entity11252 ) @entity1 performed a number of functional activities in and around their own houses. During the measurements, continuous ambulatory registrations of accelerometer signals were made, based on four body-mounted accelerometers (one on each upper leg, two on the trunk). Video recordings made simultaneously with the measurements were used as a reference. The continuous output of the AM (postures, transitions, dynamic activities) was compared with visual analysis of the videotapes. The overall results showed an agreement between AM output and video analysis of 87% (inter subject range: 83-88%). The maximal error in the determination of the duration of activities was 0.3%. The overall number of dynamic periods was determined well (AM: 359; video: 368), while the number of transitions was slightly overestimated (AM: 228; video: 205). The results when using the three-sensor version of the AM were somewhat less accurate (overall agreement from 87% to 82%). The AM appeared to be a valid instrument to quantify aspects of behaviour of FPS @entity1 , such as duration of activities and number of transitions. This new technique of ambulatory measurement of mobility activities seems to be a relevant and promising extension of the techniques currently used in the evaluation of @entity158 treatment.

title: Ambulatory accelerometry to quantify motor behaviour in @entity1 after XXXX : a validation study.

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed back surgery', 'FBS']

answer: @entity11252 :: (MESH:D055111,Disease) :: ['failed back surgery']


abstract: Alcoholics have increased susceptibility to @entity281 including @entity378 . Chronic @entity167 treatment impairs host response to @entity291 mycobacterium infection from BCG. This study assesses the role of four cytokines ( @entity637 , @entity60 , @entity58 , and @entity1618 ) in this impaired response. Twenty male C57BL/6 @entity19 were pair-fed on the Lieber DiCarli control ( @entity12541 ) or @entity1068 (LED) diets for 28 days. The LED treated subjects ate ad lib and consumed a mean of 13 g/kg/d of @entity1068 . After 14 days, based on body weight, subjects were randomly divided into four treatment groups of five each. Ten infected with 2x10(6) colony-forming units (CFU) of BCG by tail-vein. On day 28, the @entity19 were sacrificed. Liver was cultured to determine the mycobacteria CFU/g tissue. Spleens were assayed for the levels of @entity637 , @entity60 , @entity58 , and @entity1618 mRNA relative to mRNA levels for a housekeeping gene using a quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Without @entity281 , only the mRNA for @entity60 was increased by LED treatment, 51% (p = 0.0001). @entity281 significantly increased @entity637 , @entity60 , and @entity1618 mRNA (p<0.0001). @entity58 mRNA decreased (p = 0.0006). Chronic LED plus @entity281 further increased @entity637 (p = 0.002) and @entity60 (p = 0.04); @entity1618 was unchanged, whereas @entity58 was marginally further decreased (p = 0.06). CFU/liver increased with LED (mean +/- SD, 72+/-33x10(5) vs. 39+/-17x10(5); p = 0.004). A significant direct correlation was observed between CFU and @entity637 , r = 0.70, p = 0.03. In conclusion, @entity281 increases @entity637 , @entity60 , _ @entity1618 and decreases @entity58 . CFU numbers correlate with mRNA for @entity637 , and LED inhibits host containment of @entity281 as measured by liver CFU. This study could not identify cytokine alterations in either Th1- or Th2-type immune responses that might contribute to the impaired host response to the @entity281 .

title: Cytokine response to @entity281 in alcohol-fed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['BCG infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Differences in the prevalence of back and @entity158 by occupational class and education were studied in surveys representative of adult Finns. The effects of lifestyle factors and @entity1032 on these differences were also analysed. The material comprised 3915 @entity1 and 3629 @entity1 , all occupationally active. Occupational class and level of education were associated with back and @entity158 ; the associations were more obvious in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Among @entity1 , the age-adjusted odds ratio of @entity158 in farmers was 3.2 (95% CI: 2.1-5.0), in @entity1605 .6 (1.9-3.6), in entrepreneurs 2.4 (1.5-3.7) and in lower white-collar workers 1.7 (1.1-2.4) as compared with upper white-collar employees. Similar odds ratios of @entity615 were 2.1 (1.6-2.9) in farmers, 1.8 (1.5-2.3) in manual workers, 1.7 (1.2-2.4) in entrepreneurs and 1.4 (1.1-1.7) in lower white-collar workers. Most of the associations persisted in multivariate analyses, in which height, marital status, lifestyle (smoking, leisure-time physical activity and body mass index (BMI)) and @entity1032 were considered; in these models, @entity1032 was consistently associated with @entity158 . Back @entity158 was associated with smoking in @entity1 and with BMI in @entity1 ; BMI was also associated with @entity158 in both sexes. In @entity1 , height showed an association with @entity615 for which a doctor had been consulted. Marital status, @entity167 consumption, leisure-time physical activity and the urbanization level of the community were not important as determinants of @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Obvious differences occurred in back and @entity158 by indicators of social class that were not due to socioeconomic differences in lifestyle, height or @entity1032 .

title: Socioeconomic variation in back and XXXX in Finland.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental distress']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['manual workers 2']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['joint pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['joint pain']


abstract: AIM: To analyze the influence of @entity165 liposome on the @entity141 mobilization of cultured muscle cells in the @entity95 sphincter of Oddi's. METHODS: @entity95 was sacrificed and the sphincter of Oddi (SO) segment was obtained aseptically. The SO segment was cut into pieces and cultured in DMEM solution. Then the smooth muscle cells were subcultured, and the 4th-7th passage cells were used for further investigation. The intracellular @entity141 increase was measured under confocal microscope after the addition of 20 mmol x L(-1) @entity10406 , 10(-7) mol x L(-1) @entity934 and 10(-7) mol x L(-1) cholecystokinin, and different antagonists were added to analyze the @entity141 mobilization pathway. After the cells were incubated with 1g x L(-1) @entity165 liposome (CL)(molar ratio was -2:1), the intracellular @entity141 increase was measured again to determine the effect of CL on cellular @entity141 mobilization. RESULTS: The resting cellular @entity460 concentration of cultured SO cell was 108+/-21 nmol x L(-1).The intracellular @entity141 increases induced by 20 mmol x L(-1) @entity10406 , 10(-7) mol x L(-1) @entity3451 and 10(-7) mol x L(-1) @entity45992 were 183+/-56% 161+/-52% and 130+/-43%, respectively. When the extracellular @entity141 was eliminated by 2 mmol x L(-1) @entity4527 and 5 micromol x L(-1) @entity1855 , the intracellular @entity141 increases induced by @entity10406 , @entity3451 and @entity45992 were 20+/-14%,82+/-21% and 104+/-23%, respectively. After the preincubation with heparin, the @entity141 increases were 62+/-23% and 23+/-19% induced by @entity3451 and @entity45992 , as for preincubation with procaine they were 72+/-28% and 85+/-37% induced by @entity3451 and @entity45992 , respectively. Pretreatment with CL for 18 h, the resting cellular @entity141 concentration elevated to 152+/-26 nmol x L(-1), however, the cellular @entity141 increase percentages in response to these agonists were 67+/-32%,56+/-33% and 34+/-15%. CONCLUSION: @entity10406 elicit the SO cellular @entity141 increase depends on influx of extracellular @entity141 , @entity3451 evoked the SO cellular @entity141 increase is through the mobilization of intracellular @entity141 pool and influx of extracellular @entity141 as well, @entity45992 excites the SO cells mainly through mobilization of intracellular IP3-sensitive @entity141 store. After the incorporation with @entity165 liposome, @entity10406 , @entity3451 and @entity45992 induced cellular @entity141 increase percentages decreased.

title: Effect of XXXX liposomes on @entity460 mobilization in muscle cells from the @entity95 sphincter of Oddi.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['New Zealand rabbit', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: @entity6164 ( @entity6164 ) is a rare @entity717 characterized by recurrent and brief attacks of @entity4790 triggered or exacerbated by @entity717 . Some @entity1 with @entity6164 also have a history of @entity410 . @entity6164 can be sporadic, or familial with autosomal dominant inheritance. @entity6164 has been mapped to the pericentromeric region of @entity1 chromosome 16 in several Japanese families and in an African-American family, to regions which overlap by 9.8 cM (centiMorgan). Both regions overlap by 3.4 cM with a region containing a gene responsible for 'infantile @entity410 and paroxysmal @entity8684 ' ( @entity48820 ). We have identified a second @entity6164 locus ( @entity48821 ) on the long arm of chromosome 16 in a large Indian family with @entity6164 . A maximum two-point LOD score of 3.66 (recombination fraction = 0.00, penetrance = 0.80) was obtained between @entity6164 and D16S419. Haplotype and recombinant analysis localized @entity48821 to a 15.8 cM region between D16S685 and D16S503. This region does not overlap with that identified in Japanese families, or with the @entity48820 locus. These results exclude one locus on chromosome 16 which causes both the @entity48820 and @entity6164 syndromes; this suggests that there may be a cluster of genes on @entity1 chromosome 16 which lead to paroxysmal disorders.

title: A second paroxysmal kinesigenic @entity8684 locus ( @entity48821 ) mapping on 16q13-q22.1 indicates a family of genes which give rise to paroxysmal disorders on XXXX chromosome 16.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['infantile afebrile convulsions', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['choreiform or dystonic movements']

entities_list: @entity6164 :: ('MESH:C566847', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis']

entities_list: @entity8684 :: ('MESH:D001264', 'Disease') :: ['choreoathetosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal movement disorder', 'sudden voluntary movements']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that pegylated recombinant @entity1 @entity26118 ( @entity970 -rHuMGDF) at suprapharmacological dose induces a mild transient decrease of red blood cell counts according to thrombopoiesis in normal @entity19 . To unravel the mechanism underlying this mild transient decrease of red blood cells, we have studied the effect of @entity970 -rHuMGDF on the circulating plasma and blood volume, and the serum biochemical parameters of @entity417 and splenectomy. Also, we have performed histological studies of the bone marrow and the spleen of @entity970 -rHuMGDF-treated @entity35 . @entity970 -rHuMGDF (300 microg kg(-1)]) or vehicle was subcutaneously administered to @entity35 once a day for up to five days. From day 6 after the start of @entity970 -rHuMGDF administration, the platelet counts and plateletcrit levels were significantly increased, reaching peak values on day 10, and recovering to normal by day 20. The red blood cell counts and the haematocrit levels were significantly decreased on day 6 to 13. The decreases in red blood cell levels and haematocrit produced by @entity970 -rHuMGDF treatment were mild and had recovered by day 15. The plasma and blood volumes were significantly increased on day 10 in @entity970 -rHuMGDF-treated @entity35 . No alteration of the serum biochemical parameters for @entity417 , @entity68 or total @entity648 , were observed on day 10. The histological examination on day 10 revealed a marked increase in megakaryocytes and a slight decrease in erythropoiesis in the bone marrow of @entity35 that received @entity970 -rHuMGDF (300 microg kg(-1)). There was also a slight increase in splenic megakaryocytes and erythropoiesis. The decrease of red blood cells by @entity970 -rHuMGDF was not affected by splenectomy. These results suggest that the mild transient decrease of red blood cells induced by @entity970 -rHuMGDF treatment for up to five days is based mainly on the increases in the plasma and blood volume. These events are secondary changes due to the regulation of the excess production of megakaryocytes in the marrow and the peripheral platelets.

title: A mild transient decrease of peripheral red blood cell counts induced by a suprapharmacological dose of pegylated XXXX @entity26118 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity26118 :: ('7066', 'Gene') :: ['megakaryocyte growth and development factor']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. Intracellular recordings were made from neurones in the submucous plexus of @entity840 ileum and caecum. The responses to electrical stimulation of fibre strands entering the nodes of the plexus were studied. 2. Stimuli comprising trains of pulses (20 Hz, 1-5 s) produced nicotinic excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fast e.p.s.p.s), an adrenergic inhibitory post-synaptic potential (i.p.s.p.), a slow excitatory post-synaptic potential (slow e.p.s.p.) and a fourth, hitherto unnoticed, slow hyperpolarization which followed the slow e.p.s.p. All these responses were abolished by @entity1022 or solutions containing a low @entity460 concentration. 3. The slow hyperpolarization (slow i.p.s.p.) was examined in the presence of blockers of the nicotinic and adrenergic responses, and in conditions in which the slow e.p.s.p. was prevented by desensitizing concentrations of substance P or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The slow i.p.s.p. was unaffected by @entity3159 (0.1-1 microM), @entity1169 (0.1-1 microM), @entity3897 (1 microM) or @entity1510 (1 microM). 4. The amplitude and duration of the slow i.p.s.p. increased with increasing numbers of stimulus pulses; it had an amplitude of 17 mV and a duration of 70 s when evoked by a stimulus of 20 Hz for 3 s. 5. The slow i.p.s.p. was associated with a decrease in the input resistance of the cell. It reversed polarity at -90 mV in 4.7 mM- @entity972 and the extrapolated reversal potential in 0.47 mM- @entity972 was -145 mV; these findings indicate that the slow i.p.s.p. results from an increase in membrane @entity972 conductance. 6. The slow i.p.s.p. could still be recorded from submucous plexus neurones in segments of ileum which had been extrinsically denervated 6-11 days previously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic slow inhibitory post-synaptic potential in neurones of the XXXX submucous plexus.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in @entity1 and adolescent @entity1 are being diagnosed and treated at an ever-increasing rates. We performed a review of recent literature regarding care of @entity1 and adolescent athletes with an @entity130 . METHODS: PubMed database was searched for all papers related to treatment of @entity1 and adolescents with @entity130 from October 1, 2012 to September 30, 2015, yielding 114 publications. RESULTS: A total of 59 papers were found to have contributed important new findings. Papers were selected based on new findings in the following categories: epidemiology, anatomy, risk factors, sex disparity, prevention, surgical outcomes, timing and associated pathologies, and rehabilitation and return to sport. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric @entity130 continue to rise and there are multiple surgical procedures that restore clinical function with good outcomes. Early surgical treatment is favored to prevent concomitant articular injuries. Early return to play can increase risk of reinjury and should be met with caution in this age group. Prevention strategies should be further studied and implemented in hopes of decreasing the incidence of this injury and the long-term potential damage. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4-titerature review.

title: What's New in Pediatric and Adolescent Anterior Cruciate XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ACL injury', 'ACL injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Ligament Injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Mesh-augmented vaginal surgery for treatment of @entity3577 ( @entity3577 ) does not meet @entity1 ' needs. This study aims to test the hypothesis that fascia tissue engineering using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) might be a potential therapeutic strategy for reconstructing the pelvic floor. METHODS: @entity1 ADSCs were isolated, differentiated, and characterized in vitro. Both ADSCs and fibroblastic-differentiated ADSCs were used to fabricate tissue-engineered fascia equivalents, which were then transplanted under the back skin of experimental @entity19 . RESULTS: ADSCs prepared in our laboratory were characterized as a group of mesenchymal stem cells. In vitro fibroblastic differentiation of ADSCs showed significantly increased gene expression of cellular collagen type I and elastin (p < 0.05) concomitantly with morphological changes. By contrast, ADSCs cultured in control medium did not demonstrate these changes. Both of the engrafted fascia equivalents could be traced up to 12 weeks after transplantation in the subsequent animal study. Furthermore, the histological outcomes differed with a thin (111.0    19.8  m) lamellar connective tissue or a thick (414.3    114.9  m) adhesive fibrous tissue formation between the transplantation of ADSCs and fibroblastic-differentiated ADSCs, respectively. Nonetheless, the implantation of a scaffold without cell seeding (the control group) resulted in a thin (102.0    17.1  m) fibrotic band and tissue contracture. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the ADSC-seeded implant is better than the implant alone in enhancing tissue regeneration after transplantation. ADSCs with or without fibroblastic differentiation might have a potential but different role in fascia tissue engineering to repair @entity3577 in the future.

title: Fascia tissue engineering with XXXX adipose-derived stem cells in a @entity19 model: Implications for pelvic floor reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse', 'POP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The interaction of genetic and environmental factors can determine an individual's susceptibility to various @entity5 . We present a hospital-based case-control study, which included 90 @entity1 of @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) and 254 healthy @entity1 in Taiwan, to investigate the effects of genetic polymorphisms of @entity876 , @entity4191 and @entity6867 on the risk of @entity1721 . Polymorphisms of @entity876 , @entity6867 and @entity4191 were determined by PCR-RFLP. The codon 72 @entity876 Pro allele was more frequently found in @entity1721 @entity1 [odds ratio (OR) 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-3.35 for @entity534 /Pro genotype and OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.29-5.08 for Pro/Pro genotype]. In cigarette smokers, the frequency of @entity4191 Ile/Ile genotype was higher in @entity1721 @entity1 (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.7). Among @entity167 drinkers, borderline significance was also found for @entity4191 Ile/Ile genotype (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9-4.4). Results were not similar for the @entity6867 genetic polymorphism. Using logistic analyses, we found that individuals with @entity876 Pro/Pro genotype had a significantly higher risk of developing @entity1721 than those with @entity534 / @entity534 genotype (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1. 1-5.1), after adjusting for other significant environmental risk factors. This result remained similar (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-4.8 for @entity876 Pro/Pro vs. @entity534 / @entity534 ), even after further adjustment for @entity6867 and @entity4191 polymorphisms. The codon 72 @entity876 Pro/Pro genotype in the general population and @entity4191 Ile/Ile in cigarette smokers may predict a higher risk of developing @entity1721 .

title: Genetic polymorphisms of @entity876 and @entity4191 ,but not XXXX ,are associated with susceptibility to squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma', 'ESCC']

answer: @entity6867 :: (10,Gene) :: ['NAT2']


abstract: Sclerosing @entity3975 with @entity1712 (SMECE) is a recently recognized malignant @entity5 of the @entity1374 . About 14 cases of SMECE have been reported and this is the first reported case in Korea. A 57-year-old @entity1 presented with right neck mass for 20 years. Total thyroidectomy was performed under the impression of @entity259 . The resected @entity1374 showed a poorly circumscribed hard mass. Histologically, the @entity5 consisted of solid nests of large atypical cells with dense @entity82 . The @entity5 cells showed squamoid appearance with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. There were also rare mucin-containing cells within the nests. Within the hyalinized stroma, numerous eosinophils were found. The surrounding thyroid parenchyma displayed @entity2621 . There was @entity3 in a regional lymph node. Two years after initial surgery, she underwent a modified radical neck dissection due to recurrent neck mass. After the radiation therapy for eight weeks, laryngectomy and esophagectomy were performed due to a recurrent @entity189 in the esophageal wall. We report an additional case of SMECE, with @entity3 to regional lymph nodes and esophagus. The @entity5 appears to be more aggressive than previously reported and a correct diagnosis can be rendered by just examining the metastatic lesions.

title: Sclerosing @entity3975 with XXXX of the thyroid glands: a case report with clinical manifestation of recurrent neck mass.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous stroma']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: @entity1504 in childhood include diverse problems of vascular supply to the brain and occur with an overall frequency of from 5 to 8/100000 @entity1 /year. Signs and symptoms at manifestation are manifold. They depend not only on localization of the @entity1188 but also on age at injury and specific risk factors. Acute @entity63 insult in neonates is oligosymptomatic (short-lasting @entity410 ); @entity1269 is the most common symptom in @entity1 . Risk factors are multiple for both neonates and @entity1 , with more @entity1031 events in neonates and (infection-related) @entity455 or cardiac problems in @entity1 . MRI (diffusion weighted) is the golden standard for diagnosis. In the absence of evidence for treatment in both groups, guidelines suggest use of @entity1423 . There are some special indications for anticoagulation. Thrombolysis should be evaluated. Two-thirds of @entity1 and neonates face lifelong neurological and neuropsychological problems. Spinal artery @entity63 presents with acute spinal symptoms, mostly @entity451 . Risk factors and prognosis are similar to cerebral insults. @entity50 are significantly less common. Provoking factors in newborns are mainly neonatal problems, and in @entity1 @entity281 , especially in the ENT region. For diagnosis the delta sign in CT is less sensitive than MR/MR venography. In the absence of any evidence, LMWH or heparinization for 3-6 months are recommended. Prognosis is better in @entity1 than in neonates. @entity1150 and/or young age worsen the outcome.

title: XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathies']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['arterial ischemic', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular problems']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Sinus venous thromboses']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['Cerebrovascular disorders']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Accurate diagnosis of @entity320 is challenging and has important implications for both physicians and @entity1 . We assessed the utility of quantification of fundus autofluorescence in the evaluation and follow-up of @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of autofluorescence quantification in distinguishing clinically diagnosed @entity3193 , @entity320 , and indeterminate @entity75 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A retrospective observational study from 2006 to 2012 of @entity1 with @entity66 who had digital autofluorescence and color fundus imaging performed at the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center. INTERVENTION: ImageJ software was used to output autofluorescence gray-scale values for each pixel of a 500   50-pixel region within each lesion and a corresponding adjacent control region. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: A single value was generated, termed the Index of Retinal Autofluorescence (IRA), to represent the total difference in gray-scale values between the 2 regions in each affected eye. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 14 clinically diagnosed nevi exhibited an IRA less than 150 gray-scale intensity squared (gsi2). Eight of 9 clinically diagnosed @entity320 exhibited an IRA more than 150 gsi2. An IRA of 150 gsi2 distinguished nevi from @entity320 with a sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.93. Fifteen of 19 @entity1 with indeterminate @entity75 underwent clinical assessment and initial imaging with clinical follow-up at a median of 10 months. All 3 @entity1 with an IRA less than 150 gsi2 showed no evidence of clinical progression and 6 of 12 lesions with an IRA more than 150 gsi2 showed clinical progression to @entity320 . An IRA of 150 gsi2 identifies indeterminate lesions that progressed to @entity320 with a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.33. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Quantification of digital autofluorescence images can differentiate between clinically benign and malignant @entity66 and may be predictive for clinical progression of indeterminate lesions.

title: Autofluorescence quantification of benign and malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal nevomelanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal nevomelanocytic tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['nevomelanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal nevi']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['choroidal nevomelanocytic tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that successful reperfusion of an occluded @entity1188 -related coronary artery even late after @entity583 would result in improved regional wall motion and that such improvement might be related to the presence of collateral blood flow within the @entity1188 bed. METHODS: We assessed regional wall motion by two-dimensional echocardiography at base line and one month after angioplasty was attempted in the occluded @entity1188 in 43 @entity1 who had had a @entity583 two days to five weeks earlier. A wall-motion score was assigned to each @entity1 on a five-point scale (from 1 [normal function] to 5 [ @entity910 ]). The percentage of the @entity1188 bed perfused by collateral flow was assessed with myocardial contrast echocardiography. RESULTS: In the 41 @entity1 who had abnormal wall motion at base line, improvement in function was noted in 25 (78 percent) of the 32 in whom angioplasty was successful, as compared with only 1 (11 percent) of the 9 in whom it was unsuccessful (P < 0.001). The percentage of the @entity1188 bed supplied by collateral flow at base line was directly correlated with wall function and inversely correlated with the wall-motion score one month after successful angioplasty (r = -0.64, P < 0.001). Among the @entity1 in whom angioplasty was successful, the 23 in whom > 50 percent of the @entity1188 bed was supplied by collateral flow had better wall motion (P < 0.001) and greater improvement in wall motion at one month (P = 0.004) than the 9 in whom < or = 50 percent of the bed was supplied by collateral flow. The degree of improvement in function was not influenced by the length of time between the @entity1188 and the attempted angioplasty. CONCLUSIONS: The myocardium remains viable for a prolonged period in many @entity1 with acute @entity1188 and an occluded @entity1188 . Viability appears to be associated with the presence of collateral blood flow within the @entity1188 bed.

title: An association between collateral blood flow and myocardial viability in @entity1 with recent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore whether @entity3069 complex (MAC) strains isolated from @entity791 @entity1 produce and secrete @entity224 dismutase (SOD). DESIGN: SOD was assayed in the crude extracts and in cell-free medium of 18 MAC strains (MAC 101, LR and SK strains) isolated from @entity791 @entity1 to determine intracellular and extracellular activity. The SODs were characterized by PAGE and by their sensitivity to @entity2769 , @entity3789 and @entity273 . RESULTS: SOD activity was detected in cell extracts as well as in extracellular medium of all @entity791 -MAC strains. PAGE demonstrated a single activity band for each strain, though there were differences in mobility. All LR strains demonstrated an activity band with Rf = 0.30, while SOD band for MAC 101 and for SK strains migrated further (Rf = 0.87). The differences in mobility correlated with differences in sensitivity to @entity4627 and @entity274 . The SOD activity of LR strains was irreversibly inhibited 100% by 5 mM @entity274 , and exhibited greater sensitivity to @entity4627 , suggesting the presence of @entity68 in the enzyme. The SOD activity of SK strains and MAC 101, however, was not inhibited by 5 mM @entity274 but was inhibited to a lesser extent by @entity4627 , which is characteristic of a @entity921 -containing SOD. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that MAC strains are rich in @entity921 - or @entity68 -containing SOD, which could contribute to the organism's resistance to the oxidative burst of activated macrophages. The secretion of SOD may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MAC strains.

title: XXXX dismutase activity of @entity3069 complex (MAC) strains isolated from @entity791 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['Superoxide']


abstract: Recent evidence suggests a major role of @entity5 in @entity788 pathobiology. The chemokine @entity1570 ( @entity1570 ( @entity1570 )), abundantly produced by stromal cells, promotes progression, @entity3 , and chemoresistance of @entity788 cells. On the other hand, @entity788 cell-derived sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) acts predominantly on stromal cells to induce desmoplasia and, thus, has a paracrine effect on tumorigenesis and therapeutic outcome. In this study, we examined the association between these two proteins of pathological significance in @entity788 . Our data demonstrate that @entity1570 leads to a dose- and time-dependent up-regulation of @entity4851 in @entity788 cells. @entity1570 -induced @entity4851 up-regulation is specifically mediated through the receptor @entity436 and is dependent on the activation of downstream Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Both Akt and ERK cooperatively promote nuclear accumulation of NF-kB by inducing the phosphorylation and destabilization of its inhibitory protein, @entity4284 . Using dominant negative @entity4284 , a @entity4851 promoter (deletion mutant) reporter, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrate that @entity1570 exposure enhances direct binding of NF-kB to the @entity4851 promoter and that suppression of NF-kB activation abrogates @entity1570 -induced @entity4851 expression. Finally, our data demonstrate a strong correlative expression of @entity436 and @entity4851 in @entity1 @entity788 tissues, whereas their expression is not observed in the normal pancreas. Altogether, our data reveal a novel mechanism underlying aberrant @entity4851 expression in @entity788 and identify a molecular link facilitating bidirectional @entity5 .

title: @entity1570 / XXXX protein signaling axis induces sonic hedgehog expression in @entity788 cells via extracellular regulated kinase- and Akt kinase-mediated activation of nuclear factor kB: implications for bidirectional @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-stromal interactions']

entities_list: @entity1570 :: ('6387', 'Gene') :: ['CXCL12', 'stromal cell-derived factor 1', 'SDF-1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity436 :: (7852,Gene) :: ['CXCR4']


abstract: AIMS: To characterize and delineate a subset of @entity5 showing hybrid features of @entity3292 and @entity808 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Nine lesions were identified in the authors' files showing predominant features of @entity3292 with distinct, often nodular regions of classical schwannomatous differentiation. Most @entity1 were adults, eight out of nine were male. Of the nine lesions, two were dermal, two were subcutaneous and five were subfascial. Five lesions had a plexiform architecture and one @entity1 had overt @entity4786 . One out of six @entity1 with follow-up developed local recurrence. @entity808 -like regions displayed strong @entity2281 staining, in contrast to more varied and limited @entity2281 reactivity in neurofibromatous areas. The Antoni A areas could be quite cellular with high @entity1758 proliferation indices. No lesion underwent malignant change. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that some @entity5 may contain histologically clear components of both @entity3292 and @entity808 , suggesting that (despite evident and well-defined clinicopathological differences) these two lesions may be even more closely related than previously recognized. Whether this phenomenon results from a localized microenvironmental change or from a clonal @entity74 remains unknown.

title: XXXX with hybrid features of @entity3292 and @entity808 : a conceptual challenge.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'Schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rare nerve sheath tumours', 'nerve sheath tumours']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic alteration']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Nerve sheath tumours']


abstract: Following stress such as @entity1457 or transient @entity2806 , global brain protein synthesis initiation is depressed through modulation of eucaryotic initiation factor (eIF) activities, and modification of ribosomal subunits. Concomitantly, expression of a certain class of mRNA, @entity19514 ( @entity19514 ) mRNA, is induced. Here we report that the activity of eucaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2), a protein that participates in the regulation of a rate-limiting initiation step of protein synthesis, transiently decreases following insulin-induced severe @entity4053 in the @entity35 brain neocortex. Expression of @entity34445 , a 72-kDa @entity19514 , in surviving neurons was seen at 1-7 days of recovery following 30 min of @entity772 , but not at 1 h and 6 h of recovery. In the neocortex, @entity34445 was first seen in layer IV, and later also in surviving neurons in layer II. In the CA1 region and in the crest of dentate gyrus, @entity34445 expression was evident in cells adjacent to irreversibly damaged neurons. In the CA3 region and the hilus of dentate gyrus, @entity34445 was expressed in a few scattered neurons. In septal nucleus, @entity34445 was expressed in a lateral to medial fashion over a period of 1-3 days of recovery. We conclude that severe insulin-induced @entity4053 induces a stress response in neurons in the recovery phase, including inhibition of protein synthesis initiation, @entity308 of eIF-2 activity, and a delayed and prolonged expression of @entity34445 in surviving neurons. The @entity34445 expression may be a protective response to injurious stress.

title: Initiation of protein synthesis and @entity19514 -72 expression in the XXXX brain following severe insulin-induced @entity4053 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic coma']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore if the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity3003 to radiotherapy confers an advantage for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and progression free survival (PFS); to assess the incidence of relapses over standard pelvic radiotherapy; and to evaluate the related @entity137 in high-risk stage I-II @entity1204 . METHODS: Medical records were reviewed to identify high-risk stage I-II @entity1204 cases treated in the Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine department between 2002 and 2008 with adjuvant radiotherapy alone (arm I) (57 @entity1 ) or with sequential @entity3003 (AUC5-6) and @entity1311 (135-175 mg/m(2)) with radiotherapy (arm II) (51 @entity1 ). Radiotherapy was performed through the four-field box technique at doses of 45-50 Gy (1.8 Gy/day   5 days/week). RESULTS: The @entity137 was manageable and predominantly hematologic with a grade 3 @entity1398 and @entity882 in 9.8% and 6% of the @entity1 in arm I and arm II, respectively, without @entity1398 . All @entity1 experienced hair loss. Chemoradiotherapy arm was associated with a lower incidence rate of relapse (9.8% vs. 22.7%). After a median follow-up period of 48 months, the 5-year @entity1349 and PFS rates for chemoradiotherapy-treated @entity1 were significantly more favorable than those who did not receive chemotherapy (P=0.02 and 0.03, respectively). In arm I, the @entity1349 and PFS rates were 73.7% and 66.7% compared with those in arm II, whose rates were 90.2% and 84.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant chemoradiation with @entity1311 and @entity3003 improved the survival rates and decreased the recurrence rates in @entity1 with high-risk stage I-II @entity1204 . Chemotherapy was associated with an acceptable rate of @entity137 . However, a prospective study with a larger number of @entity1 is needed to define a standard adjuvant treatment for high-risk stage I-II @entity1204 .

title: Adjuvant Pelvic Radiotherapy vs. Sequential Chemoradiotherapy for High-Risk Stage I-II XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OAS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial Carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1551 ( @entity1551 ) participates in the activity of @entity1476 , which correlates with @entity5 . Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in promoter and exon of @entity1551 may influence their binding with transcription factors and gene transcription. To date, no study reports the association of the @entity1551 polymorphisms with cervical @entity5 . Therefore, we investigated the influence of the @entity1551 gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility and clinicopathological variables of cervical @entity5 for @entity1 in Taiwan. We recruited 72 @entity1 with @entity957 and 63 with high-grade @entity1141 as 1 subgroup. Meanwhile, 280 control @entity1 were included as another subgroup. The SNPs @entity48479 (site -165), @entity48480 (+7096), and @entity48481 (+8153) as well as @entity48482 (site +6727) of @entity1551 gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism and real-time PCR genotyping, respectively. Then, we correlated these SNPs and haplotypes with the development of cervical @entity5 and @entity5 clinicopathological variables. We found that @entity1 with CC genotype in @entity48480 SNP exhibited a more risk to develop cervical @entity5 as compared with those with wild genotype TT. Haplotypes -165 T, @entity48483 , @entity48484 , and +8153 G and diplotypes including at least 1 type of these haplotypes of @entity1551 gene showed a higher risk of cervical @entity5 . However, both haplotypes were not significantly correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of @entity5 . In conclusion, Taiwan @entity1 with variant homozygote CC (+7096) and haplotypes, TCCG and GGTG, of @entity1551 exhibit more risk in developing cervical @entity5 .

title: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes of XXXX in susceptibility and clinical significance of squamous cell neoplasia of uterine cervix in Taiwan @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of uterine cervix', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cervical squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1551 :: ('4323', 'Gene') :: ['Membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase', 'MT1-MMP']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1551 :: (4323,Gene) :: ['membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase']


abstract: Treatment research in @entity161 is focused on the development of pharmacological agents that are effective for improving community functioning and decreasing disability. As a result of this recent focus, there has been substantial activity for developing instruments that can measure functioning as well as the psychopathological domains that are related to functioning. Issues in selecting measures of real-world functioning include ensuring that the instrument measures the full range of possible outcomes and differentiating symptoms from functioning. For many treatment studies it is unrealistic to expect a change in actual functioning. Most treatment trials are too brief to permit subjects to change their level of vocational or social functioning. In addition, real-world functioning is influenced by factors such as an individual's financial status or the availability of community services. This has led to the use of functional capacity measures which monitor an individual's ability to perform functionally meaningful tasks even if they do not complete these tasks. Attention has also focused on interview-based measures of cognition and negative symptoms. Both of these psychopathological domains are related to functioning and both are the focus of drug development.Recent drug development has focused on the development of agents that target domains of psychopathology that may lead to improved functioning. This focus contrasts with the development of first and second-generation antipsychotics; these drugs were considered effective when they treated @entity716 such as @entity2167 , suspiciousness, @entity8143 , and disorganized behaviors. Treating these symptoms was important for reducing suffering and for allowing many @entity1 to live in their communities. On the other hand, these agents had relatively modest effects on the ability of @entity1 to function in their communities. This new focus on functioning has led to the development of new instruments for measuring functioning as well as the psychopathological domains that appear to be related to impaired functioning. This review will discuss the challenges that instrument developers have faced in designing these new instruments as well as the current state of the field. The measurement of typical psychopathology-particularly @entity716 will not be discussed.

title: Clinical instruments to evaluate and guide treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['delusions']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity28 is considered a risk factor for many @entity5 , including @entity0 . Our laboratory has previously shown that leptin is mitogenic in many @entity5 cell lines, including breast. Information regarding the effects of high leptin levels on @entity13156 expression and signaling is lacking. The purpose of this study was to characterize @entity13156 expression in response to leptin in @entity0 cells. In addition, @entity5740 expression (a leptin inducible inhibitor of leptin signaling), plus MAPK and @entity10412 signaling, were examined to determine their role in leptin-induced cell proliferation. @entity0 cell lines, ZR75-1 and HTB-26, were treated with 0, 4, 40 or 80 ng/ml of leptin. Multiplex RT-PCR was performed to determine relative mRNA expression levels of the @entity1 short (huOB-Ra) or long ( @entity5740 . MAPK and @entity10412 signaling was analyzed by phosphorylation of @entity3963 and @entity584 , respectively, via Western blotting. Cell proliferation and inhibitor studies were analyzed by @entity98 assay. HTB-26 and ZR75-1 both expressed huOB-Ra, huOB-Rb and @entity5740 mRNA; however, mRNA expression levels generally remained unchanged over time with leptin treatment. MAPK and @entity10412 pathways were activated in the presence of leptin over time. MAPK and @entity10412 inhibitors significantly blocked leptin-induced proliferation. Higher levels of circulating leptin contribute to @entity0 proliferation by activation of the MAPK and @entity10412 signaling pathways involved in cell growth and survival. The mitogenic effects of leptin are not a consequence of altered @entity13156 or @entity5740 mRNA expression.

title: XXXX expression and cell signaling in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity5740 :: ('9021', 'Gene') :: ['SOCS-3', 'huOB-Rb) leptin receptor isoforms, or SOCS-3']

answer: @entity13156 :: (3953,Gene) :: ['Leptin receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is considered the treatment of @entity27 (OSA), and studies have shown that there is a correlation between @entity1 adherence and treatment outcomes. Newer CPAP machines can track adherence, hours of use, mask leak, and residual @entity27 index (AHI). Such data provide a strong platform to examine OSA outcomes in a chronic disease management model. However, there are no standards for capturing CPAP adherence data, scoring flow signals, or measuring mask leak, or for how clinicians should use these data. METHODS: American @entity1514 Society (ATS) committee members were invited, based on their expertise in OSA and CPAP monitoring. Their conclusions were based on both empirical evidence identified by a comprehensive literature review and clinical experience. RESULTS: CPAP usage can be reliably determined from CPAP tracking systems, but the residual events ( @entity386 / @entity387 ) and leak data are not as easy to interpret as CPAP usage and the definitions of these parameters differ among CPAP manufacturers. Nonetheless, ends of the spectrum (very high or low values for residual events or mask leak) appear to be clinically meaningful. CONCLUSIONS: Providers need to understand how to interpret CPAP adherence tracking data. CPAP tracking systems are able to reliably track CPAP adherence. Nomenclature on the CPAP adherence tracking reports needs to be standardized between manufacturers and AHIFlow should be used to describe residual events. Studies should be performed examining the usefulness of the CPAP tracking systems and how these systems affect OSA outcomes.

title: An official American XXXX Society statement: continuous positive airway pressure adherence tracking systems. The optimal monitoring strategies and outcome measures in adults.

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'choice for obstructive sleep apnea']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['Thoracic']


abstract: It has been reported that @entity244 has various @entity358 including @entity10487 , @entity82 and various pulmonary manifestation. And some @entity1576 have been pointed out. @entity56 has been indicated in @entity1 with @entity565 . It has been revealed that it plays an important role in pathogenesis of @entity565 . Recently, some authors reported @entity56 in @entity1 with @entity244 . We studied bronchial responsiveness to @entity2710 by using astograph in @entity1 with @entity244 . The @entity1 are 25 subjects with @entity244 . @entity56 was seen in 15 @entity1 (60%). And it's pattern was more slight than it of @entity565 @entity1 . Our results show @entity56 in @entity244 which has been pointed out recently. It may be due to an alteration of bronchial epithelium secondary to lymphocytic @entity32 and damage of bronchial glands.

title: [ @entity56 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity10487 :: ('MESH:C562489', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hypersensitivity', 'Bronchial hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in respiratory function']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Sj  gren's syndrome']


abstract: The expression, inducibility, and regulation of four different cytochrome (cyt.) P-450 isoenzymes ( @entity4920 , PB2, MC1, and MC2) @entity1110 -cytochrome P-450 reductase, the @entity2041 transferases (GSTs) B and C and microsomal @entity4299 hydrolase (mEHb) have been studied during @entity22463 -induced hepatocarcinogenesis using immunohistochemical techniques. The investigations revealed basic differences in the expression of the individual drug metabolizing enzymes in the course of neoplastic development. While the two GSTs and mEHb were increased in all preneoplastic and benign @entity1313 , the levels of the distinct cyt. P-450 isoenzymes were characteristically different from each other. Following initial changes in the expression of these enzymes in early @entity1613 (i.e., increase of cyt. @entity13233 versus slight decrease of the other cyt. P-450 isoenzymes), a continuous reduction of all cyt. P-450 isoenzymes was observed during the further course of hepatocarcinogenesis. In progressed neoplastic nodules, all cyt. P-450-isoenzymes and @entity1110 cyt. P-450 reductase were decreased to varying extents. Treatment of animals with inducers of the monooxygenase system, such as @entity109 , @entity5954 and @entity3215 , led to a rather heterogenous pattern of enzyme alterations in preneoplastic and @entity1313 . Following administration of @entity109 , some islets responded to the same degree as the surrounding tissue, others were less or not at all inducible and a few of the lesions showed a prominent increase in cyt. P-450 PB2 and @entity1110 -cyt. P-450 reductase levels. The interesting finding that these two enzymes always showed concurrent changes may be indicative of a common regulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Expression and inducibility of drug-metabolizing enzymes in preneoplastic and @entity1313 of rat liver during XXXX -induced hepatocarcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity4299 :: ('CHEBI:32955', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxide']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity22463 :: ('CHEBI:35803', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylcholanthrene']

answer: @entity22463 :: (CHEBI:35803,Chemical) :: ['nitrosamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of @entity1 with @entity161 and many of their unaffected siblings exhibit a relative granulocytosis and @entity2905 . To characterize these abnormalities better, we examined leukocyte differentials and organ nonspecific autoantibodies in relationship to intake phenomenology and short-term clinical outcome. METHODS: We studied @entity1 with @entity161 (n = 81) and their siblings (n = 18). At intake assessment, about one-half of the probands (n = 38) were neurolepticnaive first-episode @entity1 ; the remainder were medication-free for at least 2 weeks. Hematologic indices were obtained at intake assessment, and @entity146 symptomatology was assessed at baseline and following 6 months of clinically determined treatment. RESULTS: A relative granulocytosis and @entity2905 prospectively predicted poorer recovery in positive, but not negative, symptoms after 6 months of antipsychotic treatment. Abnormal leukocyte proportions were specific to @entity1 who presented with clinically significant positive symptomatology at intake. In contrast, clinically significant negative symptoms were only evident in a small subgroup of @entity1 who were positive for antinuclear autoantibodies and/or rheumatoid factor. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should further test the hypothesis that a relative granulocytosis and @entity2905 reflect genetic loading for the pathophysiologic determinants of positive symptoms. Future research also should determine the etiologic significance of organ nonspecific autoimmunity in predominantly negative symptom @entity161 .

title: Leukocyte differentials predict short-term clinical outcome following antipsychotic treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The beneficial effects of imagined movements on motor learning and performance suggest that motor imagery is functionally close to preparatory and executive motor processes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the cortical processes associated with imagery of movement of the wrist in subjects with severe @entity1269 . METHODS: During fMRI, subjects with @entity64 performed alternating blocks of imagining wrist-tracking movements with the hemiparetic hand, active wrist-tracking movements with the unaffected hand, and resting. Control subjects performed the same tasks using an assigned hand. Cortical activation in the primary motor (M1), primary sensory (S1), supplementary motor area ( @entity11280 ), and pre- @entity11280 regions was determined through a laterality index of active voxels and signal intensity. Ability to imagine was assessed with an Imagery Rating Scale. RESULTS: All subjects displayed primarily contralateral control during the track condition. Healthy subjects demonstrated contralateral control in all areas during the imagine condition, whereas subjects with @entity64 displayed primarily contralateral activation in S1 but ipsilateral in M1 and @entity11280 . The percentage change in signal intensity was greater in the ipsilateral hemisphere in subjects with @entity64 than in the ipsilateral hemisphere in healthy subjects during the imagine condition. Additionally, subjects with self-reported low ability to imagine displayed no difference in activation compared to those with high imagery ability. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with other works demonstrating primarily ipsilateral control of the hemiparetic hand in subjects with functional movement and lay the groundwork for further investigation into the ability of mental imagery to affect functionally relevant cortical control in subjects recovering from @entity64 .

title: Neural substrates for motor imagery in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['hemiparesis']