abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity63 and reperfusion can impair anastomotic strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of delayed colon @entity254 following remote @entity63 -reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS: @entity35 divided into two groups underwent bilateral groin incisions, however only the study group had femoral artery clamping to inflict IR injury. Twenty-four hours following this insult, the animals underwent laparotomy, incision of the transverse colon and reanastomosis. End points included @entity834 , strength and histopathological features. RESULTS: @entity834 among IR animals (22.2%) was not statistically different in comparison to the controls [10.5% (p   =   0.40)]. Anastomotic mean burst pressures showed no statistically significant difference [150.6        15.57  mmHg in the control group vs. 159.9        9.88  mmHg in the IR group (p   =   0.64)]. The acute inflammatory process in the IR group was similar to controls (p   =   0.26), as was the chronic repair process (p   =   0.88). There was no significant difference between the @entity32 :repair ratios amongst the two groups (p   =   0.67). CONCLUSION: Primary colon repair is safe when performed 24  hours following @entity5721 .

title: Examining the safety of colon @entity254 on a @entity35 model of XXXX -reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['systemic IR injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Increases in @entity268 have been shown previously to enhance the strength of the granule cell to Purkinje cell synapse. We have examined the mechanisms underlying this enhancement in @entity35 cerebellar brain slices. Elevation of @entity268 levels by @entity1928 increased synaptic currents in a dose-dependent manner. Fluorometric @entity460 measurements revealed that @entity1928 did not affect presynaptic @entity460 influx or resting @entity460 levels. The waveform of the presynaptic volley was also unaltered, indicating that changes in the presynaptic action potential did not contribute to synaptic enhancement. However, @entity1928 enhanced the frequency but not the size of spontaneous miniature EPSCs. There was a one-to-one correspondence between increases of spontaneous and evoked neurotransmitter release. These results suggest that @entity1928 increases release at this synapse via presynaptic mechanisms that do not alter @entity460 influx. The effect of @entity1928 on paired-pulse facilitation was examined to assess the relative contributions of changes in the probability of release (p) and changes in the number of functional release sites (n) to this form of enhancement. These experiments suggest that although small changes in n cannot be excluded, most of the enhancement arises from increases in p.

title: The mechanism of XXXX -mediated enhancement at a cerebellar synapse.

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 are rare @entity5 , highly vascular and typically radiosensitive. Therapeutic options include surgery, @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ), embolisation or any combination of them, but the appropriate treatment still remains a challenge. The purpose of this study was to report the results of local control of 7 @entity1 with @entity5 treated with surgery and external beam @entity1161 (EBRT). METHODS: All of the @entity1 underwent primary surgery and then postoperative EBRT. Follow-up was calculated from the date of initiation of EBRT and ranged from 3 to 15 years (mean 7.14, median 6.2). The likelihood of local control was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. We also analysed the average duration of response between two groups of @entity1 with different doses of EBRT as well as the presence of acute and late EBRT complications. RESULTS: Local control was obtained in 6/7 (85.7%) @entity1 . Moreover, local control was achieved in 3/4 (75%) @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 , while in @entity1 with postoperative residual disease local control was obtained in 3/3 (100%) of them. @entity1 who received <50 Gy (n=2) had shorter average duration of response compared to @entity1 who received >50 Gy (n=5; p=0.248). There were no severe @entity532 . CONCLUSION: Surgery and @entity1161 represent an appropriate treatment approach for advanced @entity5 with acceptable complications.

title: Local control of XXXX of the head _ neck by @entity1161 and surgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glomus tumors', 'Glomus tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['treatment complications']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['glomus tumors']


abstract: We have shown previously that platelet-activating factor ( @entity5567 ), a potent inflammatory mediator, acts directly on isolated @entity35 osteoclasts to elevate cytosolic free @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of @entity5567 on osteoclast function. Osteoclasts were isolated from the long bones of neonatal @entity95 and studied in three ways. [ @entity141 ]i of @entity593 -loaded osteoclasts was monitored by microspectrofluorimetry. In 9 out of 16 cells tested, @entity5567 (10-100 nM) caused elevation of [ @entity141 ]i that peaked then returned to baseline. In contrast, the biologically inactive precursor and metabolite of @entity5567 , @entity45158 , was without effect. Using time-lapse videomicroscopy, we found that @entity5567 elicited retraction of peripheral pseudopods. Although @entity175 induced sustained retraction and immobility, the response to @entity5567 was transient and, within 30 min, pseudopods reformed. To assess effects of @entity5567 on resorptive activity, osteoclasts were cultured on dentin slices for 48 h in the presence of vehicle, @entity5567 (200 nM), or @entity175 (100 ng/ml). @entity5567 increased the area of individual resorption pits (from control values of 1,660 +/- 110 to 2,240 +/- 200 microns2, P < 0.05) and the total planar area resorbed per unit area of substrate (from 7.6 +/- 1.6 to 14.5 +/- 3.1 x 10(4) microns2/cm2, P < 0.025). As expected, @entity175 significantly decreased resorptive activity. These data indicate that @entity5567 activates osteoclastic resorption. @entity5567 may play a role in mediating the resorption of bone and mineralized cartilage in @entity32 such as @entity309 and @entity2521 .

title: Platelet-activating factor stimulates resorption by XXXX osteoclasts in vitro.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of @entity24208 expression with angiogenesis in @entity43 . METHODS: The expression of @entity24208 , @entity7 , heparanase gene was detected by immunohistochemistry in @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded specimens of normal ovaries (n=31) and epithelial @entity43 (n=35). Correlations of @entity24208 , @entity7 and heparanase expression with clinicopathological parameters of @entity43 were statistically analyzed. Microvessel density (MVD) was counted by endothelial cells immunostained with anti- @entity2280 monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: The expression of @entity24208 , @entity7 , heparanase protein were up-regulated in @entity43 cells compared with control group (P < 0.05). Significant association was observed in @entity24208 protein expression and clinical parameters such as @entity43 , @entity5 stage and non- @entity843 (P < 0. 05). @entity7 protein expression correlated with @entity843 positively (P < 0.05). Heparanase protein expression was identified obviously to correlate with lymph node involvement and @entity843 (P < 0.05). MVD has significant correlation with lymph node involvement and @entity5 stage (P < 0.05). @entity24208 protein expression correlated negatively with @entity7 and MVD(P < 0.05), but had no relationship with heparanase (P > 0.05). Significant direct association was demonstrated between @entity7 protein expression and MVD (P < 0.05), but @entity7 protein expression had no correlation with heparanase. CONCLUSION: @entity24208 might have inhibitory effects on invasion and @entity3 of epithelian @entity43 .

title: [Expression of XXXX and its relation to @entity5 vascularization in epithelian @entity43 ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer', 'non-serous ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lower tumor']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity24208 :: (5268,Gene) :: ['maspin']


abstract: To examine the utility of @entity1082 ) DNA testing for the screening of @entity5 and its precursors, a prospective cohort study was performed in which a total of 8156 @entity1 with a median age of 36 years were enrolled. Two smear samples scraped from the uterine cervix were served for Papanicolaou test and HPV DNA testing (Hybrid Capture-II system). HPV-positive samples were further examined for HPV subtype using a DNA microarray chip. @entity1 with cytologic abnormality or those with high-risk HPV DNA were further examined by colposcopy to determine histologic diagnosis. High-risk HPV DNA was detected in 11% of the general population, with higher prevalence of specific types, including 52, 16, 58, 51, 56, and 18. As expected, younger @entity1 were likely to have increased frequency of @entity1083 . Notably, HPV DNA testing detected all 45 cases of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 3, while cytologic findings were negative in 6 of these cases. It is of particular interest that @entity3146 was commonly associated with multiple HPV types, while invasive @entity5 had a single type of HPV. In terms of both sensitivity and positive predictive value in detecting the @entity3146 , HPV DNA testing is superior to cytology. However, most importantly, HPV DNA testing in combination with cytology significantly improved the efficacy to @entity3146 screening.

title: The evaluation of XXXX DNA testing in primary screening for cervical lesions in a large Japanese population.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: A @entity1 of @entity510 was treated with spinal CSF drainage. @entity5134 @entity693 occurred because of the spinal CSF drainage. The organism was multiresistant and refractory to antibiotics including @entity3400 , @entity2892 , @entity801 and @entity8899 . It was sensitive to @entity5505 ( @entity8353 ). Treatment with @entity8353 resulted in clinical improvement associated with rapid clearing of the organism from CSF. @entity8353 serum level was high enough and @entity8353 penetration into the CSF was satisfactory. According to the evaluation of @entity8353 concentrations in serum and CSF, two regimens of treatment were recommended. One is an administration of @entity8353 1 g x 4 times/day. Another is a combination with @entity8353 administration 2 g x 2 times/day and followed by 1 g x 4 times/day. The results suggest that @entity8353 is an extremely effective antibiotic for @entity693 caused by @entity8353 -susceptible bacteria.

title: [ @entity5505 in the treatment of XXXX caused by multiresistant @entity5134 ].

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity8899 :: ('MESH:D002509', 'Chemical') :: ['cephaloridine']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blockade of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor with the monoclonal antibody fragment abciximab was shown in a placebo-controlled randomized trial to reduce the incidence of acute @entity63 complications within 30 days among a broad spectrum of @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization. The durability of clinical benefit in this setting has not been established. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 2792 @entity1 enrolled in the Evaluation in PTCA to Improve Long-term Outcome with abciximab @entity1427 /IIIa blockade (EPILOG) trial were followed with maintenance of double-blinding for 1 year. @entity1 had been assigned at the time of their index coronary interventional procedure to receive placebo with standard-dose, weight-adjusted heparin (100 U/kg initial bolus), abciximab with standard-dose, weight-adjusted heparin, or abciximab with low-dose, weight-adjusted heparin (70 U/kg initial bolus). The primary outcome was the composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , or urgent repeat revascularization by 30 days; this composite end point and its individual components were also assessed at 6 months and 1 year. Rates of any repeat revascularization (urgent or elective), target vessel revascularization, and a composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , or any repeat revascularization were also reported. Follow-up at 1 year was 99% complete for survival status and 97% complete for other end points. By 1 year, the incidence of the primary composite end point was 16.1% in the placebo group, 9.6% in the abciximab with low-dose heparin group (P<0.001), and 9.5% in the abciximab with standard-dose heparin group (P<0.001). Each of the components of this composite end point was reduced to a similar extent. Nonurgent or target vessel repeat revascularization rates were not significantly decreased by abciximab therapy. Mortality rates over 1 year increased with increasing levels of periprocedural @entity908 kinase MB fraction elevation. CONCLUSIONS: Acute reductions in @entity63 events after percutaneous coronary intervention by abciximab are sustained over follow-up to at least 1 year. Early periprocedural @entity583 suppressed by this therapy are associated with long-term mortality rates.

title: Sustained suppression of XXXX complications of coronary intervention by platelet @entity1427 /IIIa blockade with abciximab: one-year outcome in the EPILOG trial. Evaluation in PTCA to Improve Long-term Outcome with abciximab @entity1427 /IIIa blockade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: We report a @entity1 with massive @entity360 from jejunal varices, confirmed by emergency laparotomy. A 54-year-old @entity1 was admitted to Chonnam National University Hospital with a 5-day history of melena with @entity360 . Fifteen years previously, she had undergone cholecystectomy for @entity5990 . Seven years previously, she had undergone an operation because of possible common bile duct stone. The details of this operation were not known. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed no varices in the esophagus, stomach, and proximal duodenum. Colonoscopy demonstrated black-colored blood clots throughout the colon. A @entity1136 -labeled red blood cell (RBC) scan showed active proximal small bowel @entity548 . Abdominal aortic angiography revealed @entity6312 in the upper abdomen, but no active @entity548 source was recognized. Because of the @entity1 's continued massive @entity360 despite medical therapy, emergency laparotomy was performed. We found evidence of micronodular @entity1575 and an apparent Roux-en-Y @entity254 . There were numerous collateral variceal vessels in the jejunal limb with the liver and abdominal wall. Segmental resection of the involved jejunum and end-to-end @entity254 were perdilated formed. Histologic examination revealed @entity2994 with @entity33 .

title: Massive XXXX from jejunal varices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal veins']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal erosion']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone']

entities_list: @entity6312 :: ('MESH:D014648', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric varices']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding', 'hematochezia']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: @entity11278 ( @entity11278 ), defined as a combination of diffuse @entity548 and @entity631 ( @entity631 ), represents a severe syndrome for which minimal outcome data are available in the literature. We present a retrospective study of 14 consecutive @entity1 from 1996 to 2000. Mean @entity1 age was 65 +/- 2.1 (SEM) years, and 7 @entity1 were @entity1 . At presentation, @entity4095 on air was 6.0 +/- 0.5 kPa, and @entity1011 level was 554 +/- 70 micromol/L. Thirteen @entity1 had systemic @entity1333 , and 1 @entity1 had @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). Five @entity1 were cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (C-ANCA) positive, and 7 @entity1 were perinuclear ANCA (P-ANCA) positive; 2 of the latter @entity1 also were positive for anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. Renal biopsy was performed in 10 @entity1 . Histological examination showed membranous @entity631 in the @entity1 with @entity1252 and segmental @entity39 crescentic @entity631 in the other 9 @entity1 examined. Twelve of 14 @entity1 were initially dialysis dependent, and 8 of 14 @entity1 required ventilatory support. All @entity1 were treated with @entity288 , 8 of 14 @entity1 were administered intravenous @entity1667 , 13 of 14 @entity1 were administered daily @entity786 , and 12 of 14 @entity1 underwent plasma exchange. @entity1 were followed up for 22 +/- 9 months. Early reduction in @entity786 dosage was required in 9 @entity1 for @entity1398 . Seven @entity1 were alive at the end of follow-up, but 5 @entity1 (36%) died in the first month. Of the survivors, 85% and 67% were alive after 1 and 2 years of completed follow-up: 83% and 75% of these survivors were dialysis independent, respectively. Five relapses were seen in 4 @entity1 . One @entity1 died of progressive @entity3794 . @entity295 was a major factor in 6 of 7 deaths. This @entity1 group was older than those previously reported. Findings confirm previous suggestions that @entity11278 requiring intensive care treatment has high mortality, and early survivors have good 1- and 2-year outcomes. @entity786 -associated @entity1398 and @entity281 were frequent contributors to death, and less toxic alternatives may improve outcome in @entity11278 .

title: XXXX : a 4-year, single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity11278 :: ('MESH:C538458', 'Disease') :: ['PRS', 'Pulmonary renal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity11278 :: (MESH:C538458,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary renal syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several investigators have studied the effects of exercise on pressure gradients and valve area measurements in @entity1 with senile @entity7874 . However, there are limited data on young @entity1 with @entity472 . The current study was conducted to assess the dynamic effect of exercise on @entity886 and to determine whether pressure gradients or valve area determinations correlate with duration of exercise in these @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-five young @entity1 with @entity472 and 10 normal control @entity1 performed symptom-limited bicycle exercise stress tests with quantitative 2-dimensional and Doppler analysis. Compared with normal @entity1 , there were no significant differences in the directional changes in blood pressure, left ventricular volumes, and ejection fraction. There was no correlation between either peak instantaneous or mean transaortic pressure gradient and exercise duration. A small but statistically significant correlation was detected between the continuity equation @entity886 and duration of exercise (r = 0.49, P =.013). Aortic valve area did not change with exercise in the @entity1 cohort (1.5 +/- 0.6 vs 1.5 +/- 0.6; P = not significant). CONCLUSIONS: Aortic valve area does not change significantly with exercise in asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity472 . Consistent with prior studies, there was no correlation between the duration of exercise and the mean resting aortic valve gradient. A modest but statistically significant correlation was detected between exercise duration and @entity886 . Further studies are required to determine whether @entity886 measurements would provide useful adjunctive data on which to base recommendations for participation in competitive sports.

title: Hemodynamic characteristics of XXXX : a quantitative stress echocardiography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve area']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['calcific aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['congenital aortic stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence, characteristics and outcomes of @entity4944 -related presentations to a tertiary hospital @entity341 ( @entity341 ). DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : Prospective observational study of @entity4944 -related presentations to the @entity341 of the Royal Perth Hospital (RPH), an adult, inner-city, tertiary referral hospital, between 3 August and 2 November 2005. For all @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 , the treating doctors were automatically prompted by the computerised data entry system to consider @entity4944 use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of @entity341 presentations related to @entity4944 use; demographic features and usage practices of @entity4944 users; characteristics of presentations and admissions; associated @entity146 illnesses and use of other drugs. RESULTS: Over the study period, there were 13 125 presentations, of which 156 (1.2%) were judged to be causally related to @entity4944 use. Of those 156 @entity1 , over half were habitual drug users (89 [57.1%] used @entity889 at least weekly), and the majority were @entity1 (111 [71.2%]). The mean age was 28 years (range, 16-55 years). Presentations were of high acuity: 104 @entity1 [66.7%] were rated 1, 2 or 3 on the Australasian Triage Scale; 50 (32.1%) arrived by ambulance; and 25 (16.0%) arrived with police. The mean time spent in the @entity341 was 6 h (range, 0.5-24 h). Fifty @entity1 (32.1%) required sedation, and the likelihood of requiring sedation increased almost threefold if the heart rate was over 100 beats/min on presentation. Sixty-two @entity1 (39.7%) were admitted and 58 (37.2%) required @entity146 evaluation. Repeat attendance was common, with 71 @entity1 (45.5%) having previous @entity4944 -related presentations to the RPH @entity341 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4944 -related presentations comprise 1.2% of all @entity341 attendances and have a major impact on hospital EDs. @entity1 are often agitated and @entity146 , require extensive resources, and frequently re-attend. The burden of @entity4944 -related illnesses on EDs is likely to increase in the future.

title: XXXX -related presentations to an inner-city tertiary @entity341 : a prospective evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine', 'Amphetamine']

answer: @entity4944 :: (MESH:D000661,Chemical) :: ['Amphetamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) appearance in normal, @entity2790 undergoing confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. @entity1 : Seventy-eight eyes of 78 consecutive normal (n = 17), @entity2790 (n = 23), and glaucomatous subjects (n = 38) were enrolled. METHODS: Each @entity1 underwent complete ophthalmic examination, achromatic automated perimetry, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Heidelberg Retinal Tomography [HRT]), and OCT. Topographic HRT parameters (disc area, cup-disc ratio, rim area, rim volume, cup shape measure, mean RNFL thickness, and cross-sectional area) and mean OCT-generated RNFL thickness were evaluated in each group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: OCT and HRT assessment of optic disc and RNFL anatomy. RESULTS: OCT RNFL thickness showed no difference between normal and @entity2790 (P = 0.15) but was significantly less in @entity735 (P < 0.001). HRT measurements of rim area, cup-disc ratio, cup shape measure, RNFL thickness, and RNFL cross-sectional area were significantly less in @entity735 (all P < 0.005) and were correlated with mean OCT RNFL thickness (all P < 0.02). RNFL thickness using OCT or HRT was highly correlated with @entity227 during achromatic perimetry (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Both HRT and OCT can differentiate glaucomatous from @entity735 . RNFL thickness measurements using OCT correspond to disc topographic parameters using HRT.

title: Heidelberg retina tomography and optical coherence tomography in normal, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['nonglaucomatous eyes', 'glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular-hypertensive eyes', 'ocular-hypertensive, and glaucomatous eyes', 'ocular-hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field mean defect']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['ocular-hypertensive, and glaucomatous eyes']


abstract: The authors evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of @entity2604 ( @entity2605 ) and @entity619 on an endotoxin induced @entity1596 (EIU) model, in @entity95 . Six groups of 12 @entity95 were formed. In groups II to V a @entity1596 was induced by an intravitreal injection of 5 ul of saline, containing 10 ng of endotoxin of @entity1680 . In group I, which is considered as the control, an intravitreal injection of 5 ul of saline was given. Each group received a different treatment and the inflammatory reaction was evaluated after 24 hours, quantifying the following parameters: clinical scoring, cells, proteins, @entity1421 , LTB4 in the aqueous and histopathological scoring. Compared to group II (non treated), group VI (treated with intraperitoneal 2 mg/kg @entity619 ) showed a decrease of 61% of proteins and LTB4, and a decrease of more than 90% of the other parameters studied. All these differences are statistically significant (p < 0.001). In groups III (intraperitoneal @entity2605 10 mg/kg), IV and V ( @entity2605 1% topically every two and four hours respectively), the proteins showed a change of less than 5.5% and the @entity1421 was reduced to around 50% compared to group II; these changes are not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The authors observed an important and significant decrease of the other parameters when compared to group II (p < 0.001). It can be concluded that at the doses given here, @entity2605 shows an effective action on the lipoxygenase pathway without an increase of the production of @entity1421 .

title: The antiinflammatory effect of XXXX in endotoxin induced @entity1596 in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1680 :: ('90370', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhi']

entities_list: @entity2604 :: ('MESH:D009637', 'Chemical') :: ['nordihydroguaiaretic acid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity2604 :: (MESH:D009637,Chemical) :: ['nordihydroguaiaretic acid']


abstract: To fully describe the clinical course of @entity1988 in an African-American population, we report our experience with 54 @entity1 seen at a large inner-city hospital over a period of 14 years. The @entity1 were divided into five histopathologic groups. Group MES (n = 3) represented @entity7622 (World Health Organization [WHO] class II) and group FOC (n = 11) represented mild and moderate @entity628 (WHO class III). Group @entity310 (n = 9) included @entity1 with severe segmental proliferative, diffuse proliferative, membranoproliferative, and membranous and severe superimposed @entity75 (WHO classes III, IV, and Vd). Group @entity47941 (n = 9) combined all the @entity1 with cellular crescents in more than 40% of the glomeruli and included @entity1 in WHO classes III (severe), IV, and Vc and d. Group MEM (n = 22) represented @entity1310 occurring alone or with superimposed mesangial or mild @entity1347 (WHO class Va and b). Groups @entity310 and @entity47941 received intensive treatment with high-dose @entity229 and cytotoxic drugs. Groups FOC and MEM received lower doses of @entity229 , but half of the @entity1 later received intensive treatment largely for severe systemic manifestations. The three @entity1 in group MES remained well. @entity454 ( @entity454 ) developed in 11 of 18 @entity1 in groups @entity310 and @entity47941 combined, and in two of 22 @entity1 in group MEM. Three of 11 @entity1 in group FOC, five in groups @entity310 and @entity47941 , and one in group MEM died. The actuarial 5- and 10-year survival rates were, respectively, 78% and 78% for FOC, 80% and 0% for @entity310 and @entity47941 , and 100% and 100% for MEM (P < 0.03 v @entity310 / @entity47941 ). Five- and 10-year survival rates without @entity454 were, respectively, 78% and 78% for FOC, 52% and 0% for @entity310 and @entity47941 (P < 0.05), and 94% and 85% for MEM (P = 0.002 v @entity310 / @entity47941 ). Univariate proportional hazards regression analysis, uncontrolled for histopathologic groups, showed a significant association between @entity454 and severe @entity882 (P = 0.003), serum @entity1011 above 1.4 mg/dL at entry (P = 0.04), and severe systemic manifestations (P = 0.05). After controlling for histopathologic groups, only @entity882 remained strongly associated with @entity454 , both by univariate (P = 0.01) and multivariate (hazard ratio = 14.19, P = 0.05) analyses. We conclude that severe proliferative @entity1988 in African-Americans has a poor prognosis. For mild and moderate focal proliferative @entity1310 and uncomplicated membranous @entity1988 the prognosis is as good as in white @entity1 . Severe @entity882 predicts @entity454 .

title: The prognosis of XXXX in African-Americans: a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephritis', 'nephritis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRF', 'End-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: We report on the inter-rater reliability of the Life Chart Schedule (LCS). The LCS is designed to assess the long-term course of @entity161 in four key domains (symptoms, treatment, residence, and work) over two time periods (past two years, entire period of illness). The subjects were 27 consecutive admissions to a @entity161 research unit. The LCS was filled out by pairs of raters, blinded to each others' ratings, using the same data (interview with subject and chart). Reliability was examined for 45 LCS ratings selected from all four domains and both time periods. Selected ratings pertained to the duration of specified experiences, the quality of these experiences, and the long-term time trend. The kappa statistic and the @entity7166 ( @entity7166 ) were used to determine inter-rater reliability for continuous and categorical ratings, respectively. LCS ratings proved reliable in all four key domains and both time periods. The reliability was fair to excellent for ratings of duration of experience ( @entity7166 ranged from 0.53 to 0.99), quality of experience (kappa ranged from 0.46 to 0. 92) and long-term time trends (kappa ranged from 0.66 to 0.94). The LCS can be used to obtain reliable ratings of the long-term course of @entity161 in multiple domains.

title: Reliability of the life chart schedule for assessment of the long-term course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7166 :: ('MESH:D008311', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intra-class correlation coefficient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: AIM: to determine the differences in @entity650 and CRP levels among groups of @entity281 @entity1 with and without plasma leakage. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted in adult @entity1 with @entity281 who were treated at Cipto Mangunkusumo and Persahabatan Hospital between 1 March 2014 and 1 April 2015. The study analyzed differences in @entity650 and CRP levels on the 3rd and 5th day of @entity221 in both groups, as well as differences in each group. @entity650 and CRP levels in both groups, was analyzed using unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney and in each group, the data was subsequently analyzed using paired t-test or Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: the samples of study consisted of 24 subjects with plasma leakage and 20 subjects without plasma leakage. The level of @entity650 for groups with and without plasma leakage for the 3rd and the 5th day of @entity221 were 8.56 (1.85-96.15) vs. 3.80 (1.94-81.93) pg/mL (p=0.069) and 4.30 (1.60-70.28) vs. 2.76 (1.26-11.67) pg/mL (p=0.025), respectively; while for CRP level, there were 10.1 (4.3-36.5) vs 6.8 (3.0-21.6) mg/L (p=0.014) and 5.0 (2.0-20.1) vs 2.9 (0.1-9.9) mg/L (p=0.048). The level of @entity650 on the 3rd and the 5th day of @entity221 in the group with and without plasma leakage were 8.56 (1.85-96.15) vs. 4.30 (1.60-70.28) pg/mL (p=0.037) and 3.80 (1.94-81.93) vs. 2.76 (1.26-11.67) pg/mL (p=0.005). The level of CRP on the 3rd and 5th day of @entity221 in the group with and without plasma leakage were 10.1 (4.3-36.5) vs. 5.0 (2.0-20.1) mg/L (p=0.0001) and 6.8 (0.3-21.6) vs. 2.9 (0.1-9.9) mg/L (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: there was no difference in @entity650 level on the 3rd day of @entity221 between the two groups; while on the 5th day of @entity221 , the @entity650 level was higher in the group with plasma leakage. The level of CRP on the 3rd and the 5th day of @entity221 were higher in the group with plasma leakage. The levels of @entity650 and CRP on the 3rd day of @entity221 were higher than the levels on the 5th day of @entity221 in both groups.

title: The Differences Between @entity650 and C-reactive Protein Levels Among Adult XXXX of @entity281 with and without Plasma Leakage.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: 1. We have developed a novel technique which causes primary @entity1 hepatocytes to proliferate by transducing them with genes that upregulate their proliferation. 2. Upcyte(  ) hepatocytes did not form colonies in soft agar and are not immortalised anchorage-independent cells. Confluent cultures expressed liver-specific proteins, produced urea and stored glycogen. 3. @entity13323 activities were low but similar to that in 5-day cultures of primary @entity1 hepatocytes. @entity4914 and @entity5322 were inducible; moreover, upcyte(  ) hepatocytes predicted the in vivo induction potencies of known @entity5322 inducers using the "relative induction score" prediction model. Placing cells into 3D culture increased their basal @entity11670 and @entity5322 basal activities and induction responses. 4. Phase 2 activities (UGTs, SULTs and GSTs) were comparable to activities in freshly isolated hepatocytes. 5. Upcyte(  ) hepatocytes were markedly more sensitive to the hepatotoxin, a-amanitin, than HepG2 cells, indicating functional @entity6907 uptake. The @entity137 of @entity4078 , was decreased in upcyte(  ) hepatocytes by co-incubation with the @entity5322 inhibitor, @entity3102 . Upcyte(  ) hepatocytes also differentiated between ten hepatotoxic and eight non-hepatotoxic compounds. 6. In conclusion, upcyte(  ) hepatocyte cultures have a differentiated phenotype and exhibit functional phase 1 and 2 activities. These data support the use of upcyte(  ) hepatocytes for @entity13323 induction and @entity137 screening.

title: Generation of proliferating @entity1 hepatocytes using Upcyte   technology: characterisation and applications in induction and XXXX assays.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: Most @entity281 ( @entity281 ) are due to wound contamination at the time of surgery. Some @entity281 occur due to the hematogenous spread of bacteria from distant sites of @entity281 . A review of the literature falls to associate @entity281 with transient @entity2259 from invasive dental procedures. Several authors have described conditions which, they believe, render @entity1 with @entity2720 more at risk for @entity281 . Prosthetic joint @entity1 with these "high risk" conditions have the same types of infecting organisms as other @entity1 with @entity281 . This indicates that the infecting bacteria are from wound contamination or distant sites of @entity281 and not related to dental procedure @entity2259 . Based on this review, antibiotic prophylaxis is not indicated for @entity1 with @entity2720 when receiving invasive dental procedures, since there is no proven benefit and there are known risks involved with the use of antibiotics. However, the American Dental Association (ADA) and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), in an advisory statement, suggest prophylaxis for "high risk" @entity1 . The ADA and AAOS recommend a single dose of @entity115 , @entity17088 , or @entity3402 when prophylaxis is selected. The dentist is ultimately responsible for making treatment recommendations for his or her @entity1 .

title: XXXX with @entity2720 : are they at risk when receiving invasive dental procedures?

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic joint infections', 'infection', 'infections', 'PJI']

entities_list: @entity17088 :: ('MESH:D002515', 'Chemical') :: ['cephradine']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic joints']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremias']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of @entity517 proto-oncogenes; @entity517 , @entity10005 , and @entity4180 , and their related genes max and mad, in the arthritic synovium. METHODS: Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Northern and Southern hybridizations, the expression of these genes in the synovial tissue from @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity571 ( @entity571 ) was analyzed. Synovial specimens from cadavers without any @entity2720 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy individuals served as controls. RESULTS: As a novel finding, synovial cells were observed to express @entity10005 , @entity4180 as well as their related genes max and mad, in addition to the previously described presence of @entity517 proto-oncogene in synovium. @entity517 , @entity10005 , @entity4180 , and mad were expressed in all @entity1 samples studied, including the controls. Instead, max was detected in only 10/12 of @entity309 @entity1 , in 11/13 of @entity571 @entity1 , and in all controls (4/4 cadavers, 5/5 blood donors). Six @entity1 with @entity309 revealed positive signals for max only after hybridization. The same was also true of two @entity1 with @entity571 and of one healthy individual donating blood. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity10005 , @entity4180 , max, and mad genes are expressed in synovial cells, in addition to @entity517 proto-oncogene. However, expression of these genes is not disease-specific, since they were equally expressed in synovial samples from @entity1 with @entity309 or @entity571 as well as from cadavers representing controls without any @entity2720 .

title: Expression of the XXXX -family proto-oncogenes and related genes max and mad in synovial tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['myc']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity134 -free immunosuppression is feasible in selected @entity1 after heart transplantation. Survival and incidence of acute rejection are important parameters to evaluate when weighing risks and benefits of @entity134 withdrawal. METHODS: One hundred thirty-seven @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed who underwent heart transplant at Emory University between January 1988 and April 1994 and survived >1 year. Standard immunosuppression ( @entity205 , @entity500 and @entity229 ) without induction therapy was used. Weaning from @entity230 was attempted in all @entity1 . Scheduled endomyocardial biopsy was used for long-term surveillance screening. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity1 (52.5%) underwent successful @entity229 withdrawal (Group P0) at an average of 13 months after heart transplant, whereas 65 @entity1 (47.5%) did not achieve @entity134 -free immunosuppression (Group P1). Group P0 had a mean of 1.3 treated rejection episodes (ISHLT Grade > or = 1b) during the first post-transplant year and Group P1 a mean of 2.3 (p <0.0001). In Group P0, 40 @entity1 (55.6%) suffered a subsequent acute rejection with an ISHLT Grade > or = 1b, resulting in treatment. Of these, 15% were ISHLT Grade 1b, 47.5% Grade 2, 35% Grade 3a and 2.5% Grade 3b. The estimated risk of suffering from acute rejection of at least Grade 1b after achieving @entity134 -free immunosuppression was 50% at 21 months. Estimated survival at 5 years after heart transplant was 92.9% in Group P0 and 72.3% in Group P1 (p <0.01). Cox proportional hazard modeling revealed black recipient race as effect modifier of group status with decreased survival time in both groups. CONCLUSION: @entity134 -free immunosuppression in white heart transplant recipients is associated with improved survival. A low acute rejection score during the first year predicts successful @entity134 withdrawal. Black recipient race appears to be negatively associated with survival and deserves further detailed study. Long-term surveillance screening using endomyocardial biopsy is recommended.

title: Survival and incidence of acute rejection in heart transplant recipients undergoing successful withdrawal from XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Previously we reported the majority of lesions induced by bile reflux, in the absence of chemical carcinogens, in the @entity35 remnant stomach to consist primarily of gastric type and secondarily of intestinal type cells, and that they are reversible after diversion of bile reflux. The present study was designed to evaluate changes in proliferative activities in cells of each type under these conditions. The frequency of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) induced in the @entity356 mucosa by duodenal content reflux after Billroth II partial gastrectomy (BII) increased until the 54th week of the experiment. Roux-en-Y (RY) surgical procedure which prevents duodenal reflux performed at the 24th or 36th week after BII led to a decrease in @entity1412 . Cell content of the lesions was analyzed using routine H_E staining, immunohistochemical staining for pepsinogen isoenzyme 1 and histochemical procedures for mucins (paradoxical concanavalin A, @entity3649 oxidase Schiff and sialidase @entity3649 oxidase Schiff reactions) and proliferation in each compartment evaluated by an immunohistochemical method using @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) and a monoclonal antibody against @entity1603 . At the 54th week the number of @entity1603 -labeled cells per normal pyloric column was significantly (P < 0.05) increased to 10.63/pit after the BII operation, while it diminished to 5.23/pit after RY diversion, this being the same level as with the RY procedure alone. @entity1412 maintained a high rate of @entity1603 incorporation at 12.7% after BII operation, which was also significantly reduced (P < 0.01) to 7.0% by the RY surgery. The intestinal type cell showed highest (22.2%), the surface mucous type cell showed the next (16.5%) and the pyloric gland type cell showed lowest (5.2%) @entity1603 labeling indices after BII operation. All the cell types in @entity1412 showed similar proportional decreases in @entity1603 incorporation after RY diversion. Thus surgical intervention reverses the cell proliferation caused by bile reflux in the @entity356 .

title: Reduction of cell proliferative activities of XXXX adenomatous hyperplasias after bile reflux diversion in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous hyperplasia', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric stump']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric stump']


abstract: The tet-off system has been widely used to create transgenic models of @entity16 including @entity191 , @entity2033 . The utility of this system lies in the assumption that the @entity803 transactivator (TTA) acts as an inert control element and does not contribute to phenotypes under study. Here we report that neuronal expression of TTA can affect hippocampal cytoarchitecture and behavior in a strain-dependent manner. While studying neurodegeneration in two tet-off @entity195 models, we unexpectedly discovered @entity528 within the dentate gyrus of single transgenic TTA controls. Granule neurons appeared most sensitive to TTA exposure during postnatal development, and @entity3403 treatment during this period was neuroprotective. TTA-induced @entity528 could be rescued by moving the transgene onto a congenic C57BL/6J background and recurred on reintroduction of either CBA or C3H/He backgrounds. Quantitative trait analysis of B6C3 F2 TTA @entity19 identified a region on Chromosome 14 that contains a major modifier of the neurodegenerative phenotype. Although B6 @entity19 were resistant to @entity528 , they were not ideal for cognitive testing. F1 offspring of TTA C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ, FVB/NJ, or @entity7840 /1J showed improved spatial learning, but TTA expression caused subtle differences in contextual fear conditioning on two of these backgrounds, indicating that strain and genotype can interact independently under different behavioral settings. All model systems have limitations that should be recognized and mitigated where possible; our findings stress the importance of mapping the effects caused by TTA alone when working with tet-off models.

title: Strain background influences neurotoxicity and behavioral abnormalities in @entity19 expressing the XXXX transactivator.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's, and prion disease"]

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's, Parkinson's"]

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration', 'neuronal loss']

answer: @entity803 :: (MESH:D013752,Chemical) :: ['tetracycline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity26444 (ALP) is a highly effective insecticide and rodenticide used frequently to protect stored grain. Acute @entity4968 with this compound is common in some countries including India and Iran, and is a serious health problem. AIM: The objective of this study was to survey @entity4968 locally known as " @entity579 Tablet" and the outcome in a referral @entity4968 hospital in Mazandaran province, northern part of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study from March 2007 to February 2008. Records of all @entity1 admitted and hospitalized to a referral teaching hospital during the 2 year period were collected. Information including gender, age, cause of @entity137 , amount of @entity6052 consumed, route of exposure, time between exposure and hospital admission, signs and symptoms of @entity137 at admission, therapeutic intervention, laboratory tests, and outcome were extracted from the @entity1 ' notes. @entity1 who died and survived were compared using appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS: During the two-year period, 102 @entity1 , 46 @entity1 and 56 @entity1 with mean (  SD) age 28.5    12.4 year were admitted with @entity4968 . The most common signs and symptoms at admission were @entity390 (79.4%), @entity391 (76.5%), and @entity490 (31.4%). 41.1% of the @entity1 showed @entity520 . @entity2045 was the most common cause of @entity4968 (97%) leading to 19 (18.6%) deaths. Compared with the @entity1 who survived, those who died had taken higher amount of ALP tablet (2.2    2.4 vs. 1.4    1.0, P < 0.05), had poor liver function test (P < 0.0001) and severe @entity520 (pH: 7.17    0.19 vs. 7.33    0.08, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: @entity4968 is a common @entity137 in Iran causing high morality. This is a serious health problem in agricultural region where ALP is readily available. @entity3347 tablet from the market and introduction of safer products as rodenticides and insecticides is recommended.

title: @entity26444 @entity4968 known as XXXX tablet: A common @entity137 in North Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['Withdrawal of ALP']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['Suicidal intention']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning', 'ALP poisoning']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity26444 :: ('MESH:C001864', 'Chemical') :: ['Aluminum phosphide']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: The results of surgery in 38 @entity1 with @entity99 are described. Cystectomy was done in four @entity1 with small peripheral cysts. For them the mean postoperative stay was 8.2 days. Partial cystectomy, introflexion and omentoplasty were performed in 28 @entity1 with uncomplicated large cysts. The mean postoperative stay for these @entity1 was 8.6 days. One @entity1 in this group died of massive @entity548 and disseminated @entity5642 . Exploration of the common bile duct and choledochoduodenostomy were required in three @entity1 who had large cysts complicated by rupture into the biliary tree. This complication resulted in a mean postoperative stay of 11.5 days. Three @entity1 who had cysts complicated by @entity281 were treated with tube drainage. They were discharged with their tubes in place after a mean hospital stay of 26.5 days. @entity273 10% was used as a scolicidal agent and was successful in preventing dissemination. All @entity1 underwent ultrasonography 3 months after surgery, and 28 (74%) were followed up by annual examination. There was no recurrence after a mean follow-up of 2.7 years. The results suggest that surgical treatment of @entity99 should be governed by the size, location and complications of the cyst. The combination of partial cystectomy, introflexion and omentoplasty was safe and effective therapy for @entity1 with large @entity99 uncomplicated by @entity281 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic infection']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cysts', 'hepatic hydatid disease']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic hydatid disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare pre- and postoperative radiologic data of posterior fossa and the improvement of @entity1644 after @entity6804 ( @entity6804 ) with and without tonsillar management in Chiari type capital I, @entity600 (CM-I). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of all @entity1 who underwent @entity6804 between Oct 1991 and March 2007 for CM-I. Fifty-seven @entity1 treated for CM-I at a single institution were included in the study. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the procedures used during their @entity6804 : @entity6804 vs. @entity6804 with tonsillar management. To determine whether the tonsillar management or changes of posterior fossa volume relate with surgical outcome, we measure posterior fossa size and @entity1644 pre- and postoperatively using magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 (70.2%) received @entity6804 and 17 @entity1 (29.8%) received @entity6804 with tonsillar management. The length of @entity1644 affected improvement of @entity1644 (alteration rate, A-rate). Clinical symptoms, craniectomy size, @entity1644 type, and the surgeon's specialty did not affect A-rate. Tonsillar management has no significant effect on improvement of @entity1644 . Four @entity1 need repeated surgery due to recurrence. CONCLUSION: We have shown that tonsillar management do not lead to improve A-rate, and the radiologic changes of posterior fossa volume do not relate with radiologic improvement of @entity1644 . @entity6804 without tonsillar management is sufficient to improve @entity1644 . The longer syrinx, the more A-rate improve in our study. However, a wider craniectomy is unrelated to A-rate. In cases of recurrent @entity1 , we obtained good results with tonsillar management or syringosubarachnoid shunt.

title: Factors contributing improvement of XXXX and surgical outcome in type I Chiari malformation.

entities_list: @entity6804 :: ('MESH:D015192', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fossa decompression', 'PFD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Ukrainian malformation']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: Current concepts regarding the nature and the treatment of @entity355 and its complications are reviewed. The columnar-lined lower esophagus is being increasingly recognized as an acquired condition caused by @entity354 . Many @entity1 are asymptomatic. @entity355 occurs in about 10% to 15% of @entity1 with @entity354 . The diagnosis depends on endoscopy and biopsy. Complications are common and include @entity1066 , @entity850 , @entity1141 , and @entity420 . @entity2910 , @entity1066 , and @entity850 can usually be treated medically. Surgical approaches are discussed for @entity1 whose condition is refractory to medical therapy. The premalignant nature of Barrett's epithelium is well recognized, and strategies for surveillance and resection are discussed. Survival after resection of @entity420 in @entity355 is not appreciably different from that of other @entity189 . Surveillance with endoscopy offers the best chance for early detection and cure.

title: Current concepts concerning the nature and treatment of XXXX and its complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['Esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: To determine treatment outcomes for @entity703 , we retrospectively evaluated the correlations between stage, area oflymphadenectomy (LND) and the recurrence pattern. Of 162 @entity1 treated surgically for a @entity5 of the upper urinary tract from 1990 to 2006, we reviewed 57 renal pelvic and 55 ureteral, diagnosed as having either @entity703 . We defined local recurrence as @entity3 to the retroperitoneum, pelvis, and abdominal lymph nodes. Of the 112 @entity1 , LND was performed in 76. No @entity1 with pTis/a/1 disease showed pN(+); however, in pT2 < or = disease, 39% of the renal pelvis and 23% of the ureter cases exhibited nodal involvement. During follow up, 35 @entity1 had relapse; 25 distant @entity3 , 5 local recurrence, and 5 synchronous recurrence at both sites. In pT2/3 disease, the frequency of distant @entity3 of a @entity5 was significantly higher than that in renal pelvic cases (55% vs. 19%, P = 0.0237). Local recurrence was found in 7 renal pelvic and 3 ureteral cases. Although all of these @entity1 had previously undergone LND, local recurrence adjacent to the dissected area was confirmed in 6 cases. In pT2 < or = disease, @entity5 showed more frequent occurrences of distant @entity3 , whereas local relapses adjacent to the dissected nodal areas were more prominent in renal pelvic cases. When deciding a therapeutic strategy in renal pelvic cases, careful consideration about an adequate region for LND appears important.

title: [Post-operative recurrence patterns of @entity5 in the upper urinary tract: comparison between XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral tumor', 'urothelial tumor', 'ureteral tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvic and ureteral tumors', 'renal pelvic or ureteral tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal pelvic and ureteral tumors']


abstract: Underlying @entity409 ( @entity409 ) may present in the early stage of @entity2613 or @entity3520 @entity2613 . We retrospectively evaluated 191 @entity2613 @entity1 with effective nocturnal penile tumescence and @entity2003 (NPTR) recording, including detailed medical and psychosexual history, International Index of Erectile Function-5 and vascular parameter. All @entity1 were allocated into @entity3520 and organic groups according to the NPTR test. Brachial artery @entity384 ( @entity384 ) was used to diagnose @entity409 , and @entity2613 @entity1 were classified into two groups: non- @entity409 ( @entity384   10) and @entity409 ( @entity384 <10). General and vascular parameters were compared between @entity3520 and organic groups, and non- @entity409 and @entity409 groups with @entity2613 were compared in terms of NPTR parameters. In all, 48.7% and 51.3% @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity3520 and organic @entity2613 , respectively. 73.1% of the @entity3520 @entity1 had @entity409 and 39.8% organic @entity1 had normal endothelial function. In all parameters, only the @entity384 value showed significant difference between @entity3520 and organic @entity2613 groups (8.26  2.57 vs 9.16  2.76, P=0.020). No statistical difference was founded in NPTR parameters between non- @entity409 and @entity409 groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, NPTR cannot effectively identify the underlying vasculogenic @entity2613 from @entity3520 @entity2613 . Psychogenic causes may cause or aggravate @entity409 in these @entity2613 @entity1 with normal NPTR.

title: Abnormal endothelial function in @entity2613 XXXX with normal nocturnal penile tumescence and @entity2003 : is it the role of @entity3520 factors?

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['psychogenic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['EnD', 'endothelial dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The nonrecombinant form of urate oxidase has been routinely used in France since 1975 as standard practice in the initial management of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity981 ( @entity981 ), and for prevention of @entity5405 ( @entity5405 ). A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the frequency of metabolic complications and dialysis in 410 @entity1 with B-cell stage III and IV @entity1893 and L-3 @entity981 treated in France according to the LMB89 protocol, and to compare these results to those of other series of @entity1 treated without urate oxidase. Of the 57 @entity1 treated at Institut Gustave-Roussy, only five had metabolic complications occurring in the first cycle of chemotherapy. Two @entity1 (3.5%) underwent dialysis: one because of @entity1458 , the second for preventive reasons. In all the other cases, metabolic problems were successfully resolved or prevented, using nonrecombinant urate oxidase (Uricozyme, Sanofi-Syth  labo, Inc, Paris, France) in combination with hyperhydration. Nonrecombinant urate oxidase is generally well tolerated. However, @entity56 may occur, with rates varying from 0% to 4.5%. In addition, the extraction technology used to produce the product is limited by a low yield. A recombinant form of urate oxidase (rasburicase) was therefore developed. European clinical development results indicate that this agent produces a sharp and consistent decrease in @entity414 levels in @entity1 undergoing cytoreductive therapy. Additionally, there is a very low incidence of @entity2021 . Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of urate oxidase in lowering uric acid levels, preventing @entity5052 after the initiation of cytoreductive therapy, and preserving renal function in @entity1 with B-cell advanced stage @entity1893 and @entity981 .

title: European experience in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5405 :: ('MESH:D015275', 'Disease') :: ['TLS', 'tumor lysis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity5052 :: (MESH:D033461,Disease) :: ['hyperuricemia']


abstract: Specific, combined histologic and cytologic patterns of @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ) in the breast indicate a medically relevant risk of @entity0 development in 5% to 10% of @entity1 with otherwise benign biopsies. This risk is four to five times that of similar @entity1 without such lesions, that is, @entity1 of the same age and at risk for the same period of time. These relative risks are not stable and fall 10 to 15 years after detection, more closely approximating the risks of @entity1 of comparable age. @entity66 without atypia, no matter how extensive or complex, predicts only a slight elevation of risk, which approaches double that of the reference population. There is a strong interaction of @entity2543 with family history of @entity0 in at least a first degree relative. This risk doubles the risk of @entity2543 alone and is approximately 20% at 10 to 15 years after biopsy, particularly for @entity1 in their forties and early fifties. These considerations are of less clinical importance in @entity1 over age 60. Low replacement doses of conjugated @entity172 after the menopause do not further elevate risk beyond that identified by histologic patterns. @entity513 in situ may be considered a true precursor lesion; however, it differs significantly in many ways from the more advanced lesion recognized as the comedo type of @entity513 in situ. Small examples of noncomedo @entity513 in situ can eventuate in @entity189 after 6 to 10 years. They may be treated by wide local excision without radiation, with no recurrence up to 8 to 10 years in all likelihood. @entity513 in @entity75 can be extensive within the breast, and this conservative posture should be reserved for smaller lesions.

title: Evaluation and management of high risk and XXXX of the breast.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Proliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['situ lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Non-comedo ductal carcinoma', 'Ductal carcinoma', 'ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['AH', 'atypical epithelial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['premalignant lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the predictive ability of @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) for short-term mortality in @entity6194 . METHODS: All @entity1 admitted from 1996 to 2003 because of @entity6194 and its related complications were identified by electronic search of the hospital database. @entity3851 and @entity1 -Turcotte-Pugh ( @entity93 ) scores on initial admissions were calculated. Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the factors associated with mortality. The area under receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) was used to determine the predictive abilities of the two models for 3-month and 1-yr mortalities. RESULTS: A total of 2,073 @entity1 was admitted because of liver-related problems and 506 @entity1 had chronic @entity1956 . Two hundred fifty-six (51%) @entity1 died and 16 (3%) @entity1 underwent liver transplantation. In multivariate analysis, @entity3851 and @entity93 scores were independent predictors of 3-month and 1-yr mortality. Other independent predictors of mortality included older age, @entity157 ( @entity157 ), @entity16332 treatment, and lower serum @entity1372 . At both 3 months and 1 yr, the AUC of the @entity3851 score (0.65 and 0.63, respectively) was significantly lower than that of the @entity93 score (0.75 and 0.77, respectively) (p < 0.0001). The differences remained significant when only liver @entity82 @entity1 without @entity157 at presentation were analyzed, but the AUC of the two scores became comparable when @entity1 on @entity16332 were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3851 score is a valid prognostic model in @entity6194 . @entity16332 treatment may affect the performance of @entity3851 score. Other variables including those in @entity93 score may improve its predictive ability.

title: Evaluation of @entity3851 for prediction of mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine', 'Lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B-related complications']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B', 'decompensated chronic hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['MELD', 'model for end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity6194 :: (MESH:D019694,Disease) :: ['decompensated chronic hepatitis B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is both increased interest and awareness in @entity6 -associated Charcot foot @entity2720 . The number of affected @entity1 will likely increase as the incidence of both @entity5845 increases. Many experts now favor surgical @entity85 rather than longitudinal management with accommodative bracing. In @entity1 with open wounds and exposed bone and/or chronic @entity4034 , it is controversial whether resolution of the @entity281 should be achieved before attempting surgical correction of the @entity85 . METHODS: During a 78-month period, 178 @entity1 underwent surgical correction of @entity85 with @entity6 -associated Charcot foot or ankle @entity2720 by a single surgeon. Seventy-three had evidence of @entity4034 at the time of surgery. There were 41 males and 32 females. Their average age was 57.9 (range, 31 to 76) years, and body mass index was 36.9 (range, 21.8 to 60.9). The clinical diagnosis of @entity4034 was made by (a) an open wound overlying the @entity85 with exposed bone and chronic drainage; (b) a history of biopsy-diagnosed @entity4034 that was not currently draining, but had clinical and pathologic evidence of abnormal bone in the region of the previous infection; or (c) a history of previous wound overlying @entity85 with abnormal bone observed at the time of surgery. Surgery involved radical resection of the clinically infected bone, combined with acute @entity85 to a plantigrade foot. Parenteral culture-specific antibiotic therapy was administered and monitored by an infectious disease comanagement service. A three-level preconstructed static circular external fixator was applied to maintain the surgically obtained correction. RESULTS: Sixty-eight of 71 @entity1 (95.7%) achieved limb salvage and were able to ambulate with commercially available therapeutic footwear. One @entity1 died shortly after removal of the external fixator from unrelated causes. Three @entity1 required amputation. @entity281 and wound closure was achieved in five @entity1 following a second surgical debridement. Two noninfected wounds were resolved with local soft tissue flaps. Two @entity1 have persistent noninfected wounds that have been resistant to wound care therapy. DISCUSSION: A plantigrade noninfected foot can be achieved in @entity1 with infected @entity4760 with single-stage radical resection of @entity4034 , @entity85 , maintenance of the correction with static external fixation, and culture-specific antibiotic therapy.

title: Treatment of @entity4034 in charcot foot with single-stage resection of infection, correction of XXXX , and maintenance with ring fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Resolution of infection', 'bony infection']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes and morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'acquired deformity', 'bony deformity', 'correction of the deformity']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic Charcot foot deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['deformity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The evaluation of treatment strategies for @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) is assessed through the use of a reliable method of quantifying the extent of the thrombotic process. Previous indices of @entity715 burden have suffered from various limitations, including lack of clinical relevance, poor correlation with actual @entity715 mass, and failure to include important venous segments in the methodology. The use of a novel scheme of quantifying venous @entity715 was evaluated as an alternative method that would avoid some of the drawbacks of existing indices. METHODS: The volumes of 14 venous segments ( @entity6323 , common iliac, hypogastric, external iliac, common femoral, profunda, superficial femoral, and popliteal and six tibial veins) were calculated from computed tomography (pelvic vein diameter), duplex ultrasound scan (infrainguinal vein diameter), and contrast venography (length of all segments) measurements. A venous volumetric index (VVI) was assigned with the normalization of the values to the volume of a single @entity291 vein. The VVI was validated with the assessment of the ability to discriminate between asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity1150 and between those @entity1150 that were associated with @entity1151 and those that were not. RESULTS: With the imaging data, the VVI ranged from 1 for a single @entity291 vein @entity715 to 26 for the @entity6323 . Each VVI unit represented 2.3 mL of @entity715 , with a maximum possible score of 63 representing a @entity715 burden of 145 mL for a single extremity, including the @entity6323 . In 885 @entity1 with @entity1150 , the VVI ranged from 1 to 56, averaging 3.9 +/- 0.2 in @entity1 who were asymptomatic and 8.7 +/- 0.3 in @entity1 who were symptomatic (P <.001). The VVI was similar in the @entity1 with @entity1151 as compared with those without (9.6 +/- 1.2 vs 7.7 +/- 0.2, respectively). In comparison with the three existing methods of quantifying venous @entity715 burden, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis results suggested that the VVI and the Venous Registry index were better than the other two indices in the discrimination of @entity1 with symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1150 (P <.001). CONCLUSION: A novel index of venous @entity715 burden, on the basis of actual venous volume measurements, was more accurate than present indices in the differentiation between clinical categories of @entity1 with @entity1150 . As such, it offers an acceptable alternative to current scoring systems.

title: A volumetric index for the quantification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal inferior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: Trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral @entity2953 , is caused by @entity281 with the protist @entity21586 . The clinical spectrum varies from an asymptomatic state to mild, moderate or severe symptoms. However, the exact factors leading to varied symptomatology have not been well elucidated. The @entity19 is a useful experimental model for intravaginal trichomoniasis, for understanding the role of local immune responses in the pathogenesis and varied symptomatology of this disease. The present study reports anti- @entity21586 IgG, IgM, IgA and IgG subclass antibody responses on different post- @entity281 days (3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th) in serum and vaginal washes of @entity19 infected intravaginally with @entity21586 isolates from 15 symptomatic and 15 asymptomatic @entity1 . Successful intravaginal @entity281 was established by inoculating @entity21586 in BALB/c @entity19 pre-inoculated with @entity9206 and pretreated with @entity53 . A significant increase in parasite load was observed on the 14th post- @entity281 day (p.i.d.) in @entity19 inoculated with @entity21586 isolates from symptomatic @entity1 as compared to asymptomatic @entity1 (P < 0.001), followed by reduction until the 28th p.i.d. (P < 0.05). A significant increase in specific IgG (P < 0.001) and in particular @entity6527 (P < 0.001) and IgM (P < 0.01) responses was observed on the 14th p.i.d. in serum and vaginal washes of @entity19 infected with @entity21586 isolates from symptomatic @entity1 as compared to asymptomatic @entity1 . Significant increases in specific IgG, IgM and @entity6527 responses was observed on the 14th p.i.d. in serum samples as compared with vaginal washes of @entity19 infected with @entity21586 isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1 (P < 0.01), whereas no significant difference was observed in IgA, IgG2a, IgG2b and @entity3172 antibody responses. The study indicates that specific IgG, particularly @entity6527 and IgM, may be playing a role in establishing symptomatic @entity281 .

title: Kinetics of immunoglobulin G, M, A and IgG subclass responses in experimental intravaginal trichomoniasis: prominence of XXXX response.

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted disease']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity21586 :: ('5722', 'Species') :: ['Trichomonas', 'T. vaginalis', 'Trichomonas vaginalis']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus']

answer: @entity6527 :: (105243590,Gene) :: ['IgG1']


abstract: AIM: Glycogen storage disease @entity1605 ( @entity13785 ; OMIM; 232   300) is a rare autosomal recessive @entity2315 resulting from @entity39638 and accumulation of glycogen in muscle. Clinical symptoms include @entity425 and, in @entity1 , @entity296 . @entity1 with @entity13785 receive infusions of recombinant a-glucosidase (enzyme replacement therapy; @entity18437 ), which slow the progression of the disease. @entity18437 is given to male and female @entity1 of all ages but as yet little is documented on the effects of continuing @entity18437 during pregnancy. The aim of this case series was therefore to ascertain the pregnancy outcomes of @entity1 with @entity13785 on @entity18437 and to describe adverse events associated with pregnancy, delivery and therapy. METHODS: The medical records of eight @entity1 attending the Royal Free Hospital Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit were reviewed. Four of the eight @entity1 had seven pregnancies over a period of 8 years. RESULTS: In this series @entity13785 was associated with interventional deliveries but normal neonates. Cessation of @entity18437 in early pregnancy resulted in deterioration of maternal symptoms and emergence of @entity56 on restarting @entity18437 . CONCLUSION: Individualized care plans are required to ensure the best neonatal and maternal outcomes. Consideration should be given to the potential benefits to mother and fetus of continuing @entity18437 during pregnancy.

title: Pregnancy and associated events in @entity1 receiving enzyme replacement therapy for late-onset XXXX ( @entity13785 ).

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity39638 :: ('MESH:C565264', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of a-glucosidase']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness of skeletal and respiratory muscles']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['GSD II', 'GSD II or Pompe disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

answer: @entity13785 :: (MESH:D006009,Disease) :: ['glycogen storage disease type II']


abstract: In most cases, surgery and radiotherapy are used for primary local treatment of @entity263 . The treatment decision depends to varying extents on the involvement of the two clinical fields urology and radio-oncology. Radiotherapy seems to have more weight in the treatment of @entity263 in the USA than in Germany, albeit with local differences. For the early stages prospective observation of the @entity5 is recommended. Surgery, as far as possible nerve conserving procedures, is indicated for @entity5 with no infiltration of the capsule or seminal vesicles. This does not mean that the clinical results after radiotherapy are worse in these @entity1 . With both treatment modalities the survival data are comparable with those in a healthy population. Surgery is limited to the exploration of the pelvic lymph nodes in the stages C and D1. Radiotherapy has been shown to be effective in these @entity5 , but is still not satisfactory, with a relapse rate of ca. 30% for stage C after 10 years. This means new research and developments are necessary in conformation radiotherapy, neutron therapy, brachytherapy and @entity221 . Side-effects after radiotherapy are rare, with late complications in only a low percentage of @entity1 . Recurrences after radical prostatectomy can be followed for at least 5 years without evidence of disease. Radiotherapy has a good palliative effect in bone and brain metastases.

title: [Radiotherapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['localized tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the reproducibility and the distribution of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion-tensor (DT) imaging parameters in healthy renal cortex and medulla at baseline and after hydration or @entity1483 challenges. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using an institutional review board-approved HIPAA-compliant protocol with written informed consent, IVIM and DT imaging were performed at 3 T in 10 volunteers before and after water loading or @entity1483 administration. IVIM (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], tissue diffusivity [D(t)], perfusion fraction [f(p)], pseudodiffusivity [D(p)]) and DT ( @entity1893 [ @entity1893 ], fractional anisotropy [FA], eigenvalues [  (i)]) imaging parameters and urine output from serial bladder volumes were calculated. (a)Reproducibility was quantified with coefficient of variation, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement; (b) contrast and challenge response were quantified with analysis of variance; and (c) Pearson correlations were quantified with urine output. RESULTS: Good reproducibility was found for ADC, D(t), @entity1893 , FA, and   (i) (average coefficient of variation, 3.7% [cortex] and 5.0% [medulla]), and moderate reproducibility was found for D(p), f(p), and f(p)    D(p) (average coefficient of variation, 18.7% [cortex] and 25.9% [medulla]). Baseline cortical diffusivities significantly exceeded medullary values except D(p), for which medullary values significantly exceeded cortical values, and   (1,) which showed no contrast. ADC, D(t), @entity1893 , and   (i) increased significantly for both challenges. Medullary diffusivity increases were dominated by transverse diffusion (1.72    0.09 [baseline] to 1.79    0.10 [hydration]  m(2)/msec, P = .0059; or 1.86    0.07 [ @entity1483 ]  m(2)/msec, P = .0094). Urine output correlated with cortical ADC with @entity1483 (r = 0.7, P = .034) and with medullary   (1) (r = 0.83, P = .0418),   (2) (r = 0.85, P = .0301), and @entity1893 (r = 0.82, P = .045) with hydration. CONCLUSION: Diffusion MR metrics are sensitive to flow changes in kidney induced by diuretic challenges. The results of this study suggest that vascular flow, tubular dilation, water reabsorption, and intratubular flow all play important roles in diffusion-weighted imaging contrast.

title: Intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion-tensor imaging in renal tissue under hydration and XXXX flow challenges.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

answer: @entity1483 :: (MESH:D005665,Chemical) :: ['furosemide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate a new electrosurgical instrument ( @entity3813 Loop device) that amputates the uterine corpus from the cervix during a laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LSH) and to compare the time required for cervical amputation with traditional methods. METHODS: This comparative trial was conducted at the University of Louisville and Norton Healthcare Hospitals, Louisville, KY. The @entity1 comprised 29 @entity1 scheduled for hysterectomy for benign conditions. All @entity1 underwent laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy. The @entity3813 Loop device was used in 17 @entity1 to section the cervix. Conventional methods with either laparoscopic monopolar scissors or Harmonic scalpel were used in 12 @entity1 . RESULTS: In the control group, the mean cervical cutting time with laparoscopic scissors or Harmonic scalpel was 14.4 minutes. The mean time for the application of the loop electrode and cutting time was 6.6 minutes and was significantly shorter than the cutting time of conventional methods. Two minor complications (7.4% of cases) and one relatively major complication (3.7%), an incisional @entity547 , occurred in the study @entity1 . None of the complications were related to the new device. CONCLUSION: An electrosurgical loop decreased the time required for resection of the uterine cervix during LSH for benign uterine conditions. This device facilitates and increases the safety of this procedure.

title: Comparison of cervical detachment using monopolar XXXX loop ligature and conventional methods in laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

answer: @entity3813 :: (7939,Gene) :: ['lap']


abstract: The purpose of this work was to analyze the literature published in English and to review the experience of the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) with spine and @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) in @entity1 . Standard computerized data bases were queried for information regarding @entity1566 , @entity3510 , spinal instability, and spinal cord regeneration to produce a review of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, outcome and directions for future research. We also reviewed our experiences in the management of @entity1 and @entity1 with spine injuries and SCIs and with spinal instability from all causes. A total of 132 articles were identified and obtained from the Medical Library at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center in Phoenix, Ariz. and through interlibrary loan. All these articles were read, although not all were used in the final review. A review of all @entity1 with SCIs revealed that fractures treated over the past 20 years at the BNI were very rare in preadolescent @entity1 , who suffered mostly from @entity130 or @entity1566 without radiographic abnormality. A total of 68 @entity1 aged 16 years or younger who had been treated over the past 15 years and who had undergone spinal fusions for @entity130 , @entity154 , or @entity5 resection were identified. Occipitocervical fusion is well tolerated in @entity1 as young as 11 months when internal stabilization with a threaded @entity702 rod is used. Posterior instrumentation, including pedicle screw fixation, is feasible in @entity1 as young as 4 years. Fusion techniques derived from the adult spinal instrumentation experience were found appropriate except for the youngest @entity1 . Fusion in the newborn period was futile in our experience. The adolescent spine does not differ from the adult spine in terms of sensitivity or response to fixation. @entity1 past the neonatal period can be successfully instrumented for spinal stability without apparent long-term sequelae. Related advances are needed in the area of prevention. Long-term advances in spinal cord regeneration can be expected from ongoing basic science investigations.

title: Pediatric spine and XXXX . State of the art for the third millennium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligamentous injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors recently reported that a 12-day schedule (beginning 3 days before radioantibody treatment) of twice-daily dosing of rH- @entity5003 (1 x 10(3) U/dose) and rM- @entity2304 (0.5 micrograms/dose) can reduce the magnitude and duration of radioantibody-induced myelosuppression, thereby permitting a 25-30% increase in the dose of radioantibody that can be administered without the dose proving lethal. In an effort to further reduce @entity137 and escalate the tolerated dose, the authors altered the method of administration of cytokines from daily bolus dosing to continuous infusion by implantable osmotic pumps. METHODS: A control group of @entity19 was compared to five groups of @entity19 that either did or did not receive a 340 microCi dose of radioantibody, and received no cytokines, cytokines by bolus dosing, or cytokines by continuous infusion. For 4 weeks, peripheral white blood cell and thrombocyte counts and thymus and spleen weights were taken, marrow cell number was monitored, and marrow colony-forming unit activity was evaluated weekly in the untreated control @entity19 and the treated @entity19 . RESULTS: These studies demonstrated that after a dose of radioantibody, continuous dosing of cytokines resulted in higher white blood cell (WBC) and platelet values than if bolus delivery was used (day 7, WBC: 110% vs. 59%; day 14, WBC: 85% vs. 62%; day 21, WBC: 98% vs. 42%; day 7, platelets: 122% vs. 51%; day 14, platelets: 159% vs. 72%; day 21, platelets: 239% vs. 171%). A comparison of bolus versus continuous dosing in the absence of radioantibody indicated that spleen weight increased by 40-60% after continuous infusion of cytokines and by 20-25% after bolus dosing. The 20-30% decrease in thymus weight was similar with both dosing regimens. Colony-forming units (CFUs) in marrow increased from 30-35 in untreated @entity19 to 50-55 in @entity19 given cytokines by bolus injection, and to 150-180 in @entity19 given continuous infusion of cytokines. Spleen CFUs exhibited an insignificant increase after bolus dosing of cytokines but increased almost fourfold after continuous dosing. Peak stimulation of marrow and spleen CFUs occurred 28 days after initiation of cytokine administration (2 weeks after cytokines administration was stopped). The probability of survival for 6 weeks after further dose escalation to 360 microCi I-131-MN-14 immunoglobulin G was 16.4% +/- 8.6% after bolus dosing and 58.1% +/- 11.3% after continuous infusion of cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: Although continuous infusion of cytokines proved to be a better method of reducing @entity137 , further dose escalation of radioimmunotherapy using the "pump" method of cytokine delivery was not possible. Cytokine intervention by either mode of delivery permits a 25% dose intensification without the dose becoming lethal. Further escalation is not feasible, possibly because of other end organ @entity137 .

title: Cytokine intervention permits dose escalation of radioantibody. An analysis of myelostimulation by bolus versus continuous infusion of XXXX / @entity2304 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'hematopoietic toxicity']

answer: @entity5003 :: (111343(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-1']