abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 50-year-old Japanese @entity1 with no apparent family history noticed @entity892 . He gradually showed gait disturbance and @entity3833 . Abducens @entity1319 with @entity346 , @entity194 with @entity2901 , @entity508 , and @entity132 were also observed. MRI showed severe @entity194 of the medulla oblongata to the cervical cord ("tadpole appearance"). Tracheotomy and gastrostomy were performed 7 years after onset due to the development of @entity10296 . @entity204 occurred following @entity1576 after 11 years total disease duration. The brain weighed 1,380 g. The cerebrum, cerebellum, midbrain, and upper pons were preserved from @entity194 , but the medulla oblongata to the cervical cord showed severe @entity194 . A few Rosenthal fibers were observed in the cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, whereas numerous Rosenthal fibers were observed in the medulla oblongata to the cervical cord. Myelin loss with relatively preserved axons was extensively observed from the middle of the pons to the spinal cord. The clinicopathological diagnosis was adult-onset bulbospinal-form @entity26008 . @entity538 ( @entity538 ) gene analysis revealed a novel mutation of @entity63411 . Expression patterns of @entity63411 mutant @entity538 using @entity4304 -derived cells (SW13 cells) showed a decreased number of filamentous structures and abnormal aggregates.

title: An autopsied case of adult-onset @entity26008 with a novel @entity63411 mutation in the XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity10296 :: ('MESH:D010244', 'Disease') :: ['bulbar palsy']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic tetraparesis']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'Glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tongue atrophy', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity26008 :: ('MESH:D038261', 'Disease') :: ['Alexander disease']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculation']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of eye movement']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal carcinoma']

answer: @entity538 :: (2670,Gene) :: ['GFAP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate associations between race and @entity0 treatment. METHODS: Data from 984 black and 849 white Medicare beneficiaries 67 years or older with local @entity0 and a subset of 732 surviving @entity1 interviewed 3-4 years posttreatment were used to calculate adjusted odds of treatment, controlling for age, comorbidity, attitudes, region, and area measures of socioeconomic and health care resources. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of @entity1 received a mastectomy and 33% received breast-conserving surgery. The odds of radiation omission were 48% higher (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.19) for blacks than for whites after considering covariates, but the absolute number of @entity1 who failed to receive this modality was small (11%). In race-stratified models, the odds of having radiation omitted were significantly higher among blacks living greater distances from a @entity5 center (vs. lesser) or living in areas with high poverty (vs. low), but these factors did not affect radiation use among whites. Among those interviewed, blacks reported perceiving more ageism and racism in the health care system than whites (P = 0.001). The independent odds of receiving mastectomy (vs. breast conservation and radiation) were 2.72 times higher (95% CI 1.25-5.92) among @entity1 reporting the highest quartile of perceived ageism scores, compared with the lowest, and higher perceived ageism tended to be associated with higher odds of radiation omission (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Older black @entity1 with localized @entity0 may have a different experience obtaining treatment than their white counterparts. The absolute number of @entity1 receiving nonstandard care was small and the effects were small to moderate. However, if these patterns persist, it will be important to evaluate whether such experiences contribute to within-stage race mortality disparities.

title: Variations in XXXX treatment in older medicare beneficiaries: is it black or white.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: @entity778 ( @entity778 ) is known to possess several mechanisms whereby it can evade the normal host immune defences. In this study the expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine, @entity1618 , was monitored following infection of a @entity19 keratinocyte cell line (PAM-212) and compared with the expression of two proinflammatory cytokines: @entity634 and @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity637 . The PAM-212 cells were infected at a multiplicity of 0.5 with a clinical isolate of @entity778 type 1, and the mRNA of the three cytokines was assessed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) over the following 24 hr. By 12 hr postinfection the amount of @entity1618 mRNA had increased significantly to five-fold greater than that found in uninfected cells (P < 0.01), and this elevated level was maintained until at least 24 hr postinfection. In contrast, @entity634 and @entity637 mRNAs were not significantly up-regulated by the @entity2025 . Immunostaining with an @entity1618 monoclonal antibody (mAb) revealed that cytoplasmic @entity1618 protein had increased by 6-12 hr postinfection. This quantity was further increased at 24 hr postinfection, when the viral cytopathic effect was apparent. Viral replication was necessary, but not sufficient on its own, for @entity1618 induction. Experiments with @entity778 mutants lacking functional transactivating factors suggested that the viral transactivating proteins ICP-0 and @entity2879 may be necessary for @entity778 -induced @entity1618 expression. Thus, the up-regulation in the expression of @entity1618 mRNA and protein induced by @entity778 early in the infection of keratinocytes represents a specific response and may be part of the viral strategy to avoid local immune defence mechanisms in the skin.

title: Infection of @entity19 keratinocytes with herpes simplex virus type 1 induces the expression of interleukin-10, but not interleukin-1 alpha or @entity5 XXXX factor-alpha.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Herpes simplex virus', 'HSV']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['HSV infection']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine feasibility of using the telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay to detect telomerase activity in @entity5 of @entity235 . SAMPLE POPULATION: Samples of @entity5 or normal tissue were obtained from client-owned @entity235 that underwent surgical biopsy during the period of January 1996 through December 1997. PROCEDURE: The TRAP assay was used to detect telomerase activity in @entity5 of @entity235 . Telomerase status (positive or negative) was compared with results of histologic examination for each sample to estimate specificity and sensitivity of this assay for the diagnosis of @entity5 . RESULTS: Of 26 @entity5 , 24 were telomerase positive on TRAP assay, whereas 3 of 4 @entity5 and 3 of 3 normal tissues were telomerase negative. Analysis of these results indicated an estimated sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 86% for @entity5 analysis, using the TRAP assay. CONCLUSION: The TRAP assay can be used to measure telomerase activity in @entity5 of @entity235 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Because telomerase activation may be required for indefinite longevity of cells, it may also serve as a @entity5 marker and therapeutic target. The TRAP assay can be used to detect telomerase in samples of fluid as well as tissues obtained from solid @entity5 . Therefore, it may have considerable clinical value in rapid and noninvasive diagnosis of @entity5 in @entity235 . Additional studies must be completed to more accurately determine sensitivity and specificity of the assay.

title: Evaluation of an assay for detecting telomerase activity in neoplastic tissues of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'malignant or benign tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have suggested cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neurofilament light ( @entity20698 ) and total tau are elevated in @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) and may be used as markers of disease stage. Biomarkers are needed due to the slow disease progression and the limitations of clinical assessment. This study aims to validate the role of @entity20698 and tau as biomarkers in @entity2033 . METHODS: CSF was obtained from a cohort of @entity2033 @entity1 and premanifest @entity2033 -mutation carriers. Unified @entity2033 Rating Scale (UHDRS) testing was performed on all subjects at the time of sampling. @entity20698 and tau concentrations were determined by ELISA. Spearman correlations were calculated with R version 3.2.3. RESULTS: 11 premanifest @entity2033 and 12 manifest @entity2033 subjects were enrolled. @entity20698 and tau levels were correlated. @entity20698 showed strong correlations with all items included in the clinical assessment (for example the total functional capacity (TFC) (r = - 0.70 p < 0.01) and @entity1957 ( @entity1957 ) (r = 0.83p < 0.01). Tau showed slightly weaker correlations (eg. @entity1957 (r = 0.67 p < 0.01); TFC (r = - 0.59 p < 0.01)). @entity20698 was significantly correlated with 5-year probability of disease onset, whereas tau was not. CONCLUSION: This study strengthens the case for @entity20698 as a useful biomarker of disease stage. @entity20698 was strongly correlated to all evaluated items in the UHDRS assessment. Tau also has a potential for use as a biomarker but correlations to clinical tests are weaker in this study. We suggest that @entity20698 and possibly tau be used in clinical drug trials as biomarkers of disease progression that are potentially influenced by future disease-modifying therapies.

title: Tau or neurofilament light-Which is the more suitable biomarker for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'total motor score']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's Disease", "Huntington's disease", 'HD']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington's disease']


abstract: Differentiation of @entity4021 infected from vaccinated animals is essential for effective implementation of vaccination based control programme. Detection of antibodies against 3ABC non-structural protein of @entity4631 virus by immunodiagnostic assays provides reliable indication of @entity281 . Sero-monitoring of @entity4631 in the large country like India is a big task where thousands of serum samples are annually screened. Currently, monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies are widely used in these immunodiagnostic assays. Considering the large population of livestock in the country, an economical and replenishable alternative of these antibodies was required. In this study, specific short chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody against 3B region of 3ABC poly-protein was developed. High level of scFv expression in @entity526 system was obtained by careful optimization in four different strains. Two formats of enzyme immunoassays (sandwich and competitive ELISAs) were optimized using scFv with objective to differentiate @entity4631 infected among the vaccinated population. The assays were statistically validated by testing 2150 serum samples. Diagnostic sensitivity/specificity of sandwich and competitive ELISAs were determined by ROC method as 92.2%/95.5% and 89.5%/93.5%, respectively. This study demonstrated that scFv is a suitable alternate for immunodiagnosis of @entity4631 on large scale.

title: Production and characterization of single-chain antibody (scFv) against 3ABC non-structural protein in @entity526 for sero-diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['FMD infection']

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['Foot-and-Mouth Disease']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity4021 :: (MESH:D005536,Disease) :: ['Foot and Mouth Disease virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many treatments have been proposed for a @entity158 chronically dislocated hip in a @entity1 with @entity508 who is unable to walk. The @entity2096 was originally described as a treatment for a missed @entity3946 in a young adult who was able to walk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of a modified Hass subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy for the treatment of symptomatic chronic @entity572 in @entity1 with @entity508 due to @entity4094 . METHODS: @entity1 were identified by surgical codes. Medical records were reviewed for surgical indications, complications, and results. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were assessed. Caregivers were contacted and asked to complete a brief survey detailing the @entity158 that the @entity1 experienced with daily activities before and after surgery as well as other information. RESULTS: Thirty-one Hass osteotomies in twenty-four consecutive @entity1 were performed by one surgeon between 1995 and 2005. Although fifteen @entity1 (63%) had at least one complication (including @entity293 , @entity55 , hardware failure, and heterotopic bone formation), the majority of the @entity1 were doing well at an average of forty-four months postoperatively. The duration for which the @entity1 could sit, ease of transfers, and ease of diaper changes had all improved according to the caregivers. Fourteen of fifteen caregivers who replied to the question stated that they were satisfied with the operative results and would have the procedure done again if they had the decision to make. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Hass osteotomy provides @entity1 who have symptomatic @entity572 due to @entity4094 with @entity158 relief and improves ease of positioning by their caregivers. The complication rate, although high, was comparable with that of similar surgical procedures in this @entity1 population. Concurrent femoral head resection at the time of the proximal femoral osteotomy was not necessary in this group of @entity1 .

title: Subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy for chronically dislocated, @entity158 XXXX hips. Surgical technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity3946 :: ('MESH:D006618', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocations']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['reproducible pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['valgus subtrochanteric femoral osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spastic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e11083 Background: A phase II study was performed to assess the role of @entity1 ' immune profile in the activity of a trastuzumab (T) based, non @entity5948 containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) regimen in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (pts). METHODS: Newly diagnosed T2-3 @entity1722 + @entity0 pts received a 12 week NC with weekly @entity1311 (P) and T, which was continued for further 12 weeks before surgery in the absence of progression (PRO). Further 12 weeks of the same therapy was planned after surgery and then T alone to 1 year of treatment    hormonal therapy and radiotherapy. In case of PRO, T was discontinued and @entity8253 were planned. Blood samples were collected at diagnosis and every 3 months for 1 year then yearly. The % of NK cells, T cells and Treg cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, and serum levels of 9 cytokines were assessed by SearchLight multiplex array technology. In vitro T-mediated, @entity137 ( @entity137 ) was also assessed using @entity1 ' PBMCs. RESULTS: From July 2006 32 pts were enrolled, 31 were evaluable (1 ongoing). Pathological complete response (pCR) was reported in 15 pts (48%, 95% CI: 31-66%), objective overall clinical response was observed in 30 pts (97%, 95% CI: 91-100%). No @entity1370 occurred. In 3 cases (9.7%) PRO occurred at 26.3 months median follow-up. At diagnosis, pts showed an immune profile similar to that of healthy @entity1 , whereas higher numbers of Treg cells (p=0.02), NK cells (p=0.03), lower T cell numbers (p<0.01) and lower amounts of serum @entity1199 , @entity650 , and @entity687 were found in a concomitant control group of untreated @entity1722 - pts. Notably, study pts achieving pCR presented higher efficiency of basal T-mediated @entity137 compared to pts with partial responses (p=0.05). The treatment induced a progressive increase in the number of NK cells and in the efficiency of T-mediated @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: NC with P and T induces high rates of pCR with no @entity1370 . This clinical efficacy is favored by the retained immunological proficiency of @entity1722 + pts, who may benefit from the immunomodulating properties of T started early. Whether T-mediated @entity137 is significant also for event-free survival is under evaluation.

title: Immunologic profiling and clinical outcome in @entity1722 + @entity0 XXXX treated in a neoadjuvant phase II study: A step forward to understand trastuzumab activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Muscle fatigue and lack of endurance are complaints of @entity1 with @entity1643 , but there are no standard ways to assess endurance in this population. The purposes of this study were to examine three measures of endurance; to determine relationships of these measures to each other; and to describe effects of gender, @entity28 , smoking, and self-reported fitness on the clinical measures. The measures of endurance selected were not dependent on maximal @entity2472 . They were the Sorensen test, median frequency decline of selected muscles, and a submaximal bicycle ergometer test. Thirty-five consenting individuals who were referred for treatment answered questions about their daily exercise prior to being tested. Repeatability of the Sorensen test holding time and of the slope measure of decline in the median frequencies was acceptable for subjects who reported a higher activity level. The decline of the median frequency in the biceps femoris muscles correlated with holding time of the Sorensen test. Smoking, gender, or @entity28 level did not affect test results on any of the endurance measures. Subjects who reportedly were more active achieved significantly higher scores on the Sorensen test. The importance of controlling for self-perception of activity in physical testing is discussed.

title: Some endurance measures in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary muscular contractions']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: The authors report their findings in a retrospective study of 151 cases of @entity1511 collected between 1970 and 2000. Diagnosis was based on bacteriological or pathological confirmation or on clinical, radiological and outcome arguments. Among 151 cases of @entity1511 diagnosed and treated, 110 were due to @entity378 and 41 to other causes. There were 82 @entity1 and 69 @entity1 , with a mean age of 42 years. The delay from onset to diagnosis was 12 months. Risk factors were observed in 21% of the cases. The @entity1 searched medical attention because of @entity158 in 85% of cases. The leading causative agents in non @entity1511 were @entity794 , followed by @entity5746 , in this order. The diagnosis was considerably facilitated by the imaging techniques used; the most reliable technique was magnetic resonance imaging which improved diagnostic performance by detecting early, specific changes. A histo-bacteriological diagnosis was obtained by percutaneous transpedicular needle biopsy. Globally, 53% of the @entity1 underwent needle biopsy, with a success rate of 62%, a figure comparable with those reported in other studies. In 35% of the @entity1 , bacteriological confirmation of the infection was not obtained and diagnosis was founded on a set of clinical, biological and radiological data. Our results are similar to those described in the literature. However, in our country @entity378 is the most frequent cause of @entity1512 . Two populations are especially susceptible: the elderly and the immunodepressed. A specific diagnosis was obtained in 62% of the percutaneous transpedicular needle biopsy.

title: [ XXXX . Study of a series of 151 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['infectious spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['infectious spondylitis', 'tuberculous spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Brucella, and Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1511 :: (MESH:D013166,Disease) :: ['Infectious spondylitis']


abstract: Management of the mobile elderly @entity1 who sustains an intra-capsular neck of femur @entity174 remains controversial. Current evidence is mixed as to whether @entity572 ( @entity572 ), which confers higher surgical and dislocation risk, is significantly superior in function and in reduced rates of reoperation when compared to bipolar hemi-arthroplasty. A group of 110 @entity1 with an intra-capsular NOF @entity174 who had undergone either @entity572 or @entity162 and were still alive at the time of follow up were retrospectively identified and matched using the National @entity173 Database. Matching criteria included ASA, age, sex, pre-op mobility, pre-op AMTS and source of admission. Follow up was by postal questionnaire. Mean follow up was 24 months in both groups (Range; Bipolar 12-36 months, @entity572 12-38 months). There was no significant difference in pre-operative Tonnis grade, postoperative Oxford Hip Score (OHS) or Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores between the two groups. 12 dislocations in 5 @entity1 occurred in the @entity572 group and none in the bipolar group. 33/55 Bipolar @entity1 were discharged to their own home compared to 35/55 in the @entity572 group. None of the bipolar hemi-arthroplasties were revised to @entity572 . Higher complication rates were experienced in the @entity572 group with no increase in function.

title: Displaced intracapsular neck of femur XXXX in the elderly: @entity162 may be the treatment of choice; a case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Bipolar hemi-arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip Fracture']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: @entity168 (MIM 269920) represents the mildest phenotype among recessively inherited lysosomal-free @entity3167 storage disorders. Although the vast majority of @entity168 @entity1 in Finland share the same founder mutation, @entity63527 in the @entity6571 gene, there still is a wide clinical variation among @entity1032 , @entity2055 @entity1 . We evaluated neurologic and neurocognitive findings of @entity168 in a cross-sectional study of 41 Finnish @entity1 who were 11 months to 63 years of age (median = 19.5 years). The phenotype of @entity168 could be classified into two main categories. The majority of @entity1 (90%) had so-called conventional phenotype, including a subgroup of seven @entity1 with relatively mild symptoms. All but two @entity1 with conventional phenotype were homozygous for the Finnish founder mutation. Four severely disabled, profoundly @entity1032 @entity1 , 15-28 years of age, clearly could be clinically delineated as a separate group, likely reflecting the underlying compound heterozygous genotype. A typical developmental pattern could be outlined in the conventional type of the disease, emphasizing a strong motor handicap in @entity168 . The cognitive profile consisted of better verbal ability, especially speech comprehension, compared with nonverbal functioning in all @entity1 . Our results indicate a partial genotype-phenotype correlation, although factors other than the molecular background are also involved in the phenotypic manifestation of @entity168 .

title: Phenotypic spectrum of XXXX , a free @entity3167 storage disorder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity168 :: ('MESH:D029461', 'Disease') :: ['Salla disease']

entities_list: @entity63527 :: ('p|SUB|R|39|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R39C']

answer: @entity168 :: (MESH:D029461,Disease) :: ['Salla disease']


abstract: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a molecular phenomenon that denotes the loss of one of the two alleles at a specific locus. It is frequently associated with @entity5 suppressor genes in @entity5 and also with hyperproliferative disorders, although not exclusively. Interestingly, in conditions where there is an inherited germline mutation, the lost allele is always the functional one, thereby rendering a phenotypically dominant disease of recessive character at the cellular level. @entity66 more recently shown to be associated with LOH is @entity8 , a @entity74 characterized by significant pleiotropy. The main pathology is from @entity8 formation that eventually leads to @entity454 during adult life. We describe the identification of a missense mutation in the repeated part of the @entity13704 gene, exon 31, that substitutes @entity4857 for @entity1853 . The mutation, M3375V, cosegregates with the disease phenotype in a large Cypriot family. During transplantation of one @entity1 , one of the @entity8767 was removed and DNA was isolated from cystic epithelial cells. In 3 of 17 cysts examined with intragenic and flanking polymorphic markers on chromosome 16 we detected LOH, since the wild-type allele was lost, thereby rendering the affected kidneys of mosaic character. The degree of LOH was extensive and varied among the three cysts, supporting the multiplicity of expression of the phenomenon on different occasions. No LOH was detected for other selected loci examined. Our work further supports the hypothesis that the rate-limiting step in cyst formation may be the occurrence of a second somatic hit, although other factors may be also involved. The high frequency of mutations at this locus may, to a great extent, explain the variability in phenotype observed among @entity1 in the same families, and the relatively high frequency of the disease worldwide.

title: Loss of heterozygosity in @entity8 with a missense mutation in the repeated region of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease type 1', 'renal cyst']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['A disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['various cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity8767 :: ('MESH:D007690', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidneys']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity13704 :: (5310,Gene) :: ['PKD1']


abstract: PURPOSE: We established a porcine model of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction using a laparoscopic technique and assessed the outcome of standard suture-assisted and chemical glue-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female @entity12526 (N = 20) underwent laparoscopic suture-ligature to create UPJ obstruction. One month later, laparoscopic end-to-end @entity254 was performed to correct the obstruction: with standard suturing techniques in 10 animals and with chemical (cyanoacrylate) glue in the other 10. Postoperative ureteral stents were not used. Four weeks postoperatively, intravenous urography was performed to evaluate the patency of the anastomoses. The UPJ was procured by laparotomy to assess the anastomoses and periureteral @entity82 histologically. RESULTS: The UPJ obstruction was created in an average of 15 +/- 6 minutes. There was no early postoperative mortality. Eighteen @entity1707 survived for at least 1 month, and UPJ obstruction developed in 17 (95%). Microscopically, the lumen of the UPJ was partially occluded, measuring an average of 40% +/- 5% of normal. After laparoscopic correction, a patent UPJ was found in seven of nine animals treated with traditional sutures. Among the eight animals with chemically glued anastomoses, none had a patent UPJ, and severe periureteral adhesions and intraluminal @entity82 were noted at the pyeloplasty site. Marked ureteral tortuosity was present in six of the eight @entity1707 receiving glue-assisted pyeloplasty but in none of the animals having suture-assisted pyeloplasty. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4145 was established by laparoscopic suture-ligature in a porcine model with a 95% success rate. Chemical glue-assisted @entity254 was inferior to standard laparoscopic sutures for pyeloplasty to correct the obstruction.

title: Creation of XXXX and its correction by chemical glue-assisted laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity12526 :: ('9825', 'Species') :: ['domestic pigs']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['Ureteropelvic junction obstruction']

answer: @entity4145 :: (MESH:C537373,Disease) :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with stage III and IV pressure @entity1066 requiring surgical reconstruction remain a challenge. Extended hospitalization, and high costs of care per @entity1 episode due to high rates of complications and recurrence, make efforts to reduce these rates of utmost importance to the medical community in general. We report a case in which two prior attempts at surgical resolution had failed, and which was successfully resolved with the aid of a new tissue adhesive designed for the closure of dead space. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported example of the use of this adhesive in flap surgery for pressure @entity1066 . CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 42-year-old Caucasian wheelchair-bound paraplegic @entity1 with history of @entity3570 , urinary catheter, colostomy, and a history of pressure @entity1066 . He presented to our institution with a stage IV, @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 -contaminated pressure sore on his left ischial tuberosity. A first procedure using V-Y and rotational flap closure dehisced on postoperative day three due to his excessive movement. A second procedure was performed but this also required revision due to dehiscence related to fluid accumulation under the flap. A third procedure using Tissu @entity367 (  ) Surgical Adhesive to adhere the flap and close the dead space resulted in successful resolution. At his last follow-up appointment at seven weeks post-operation he was healing well and was back in his wheelchair. CONCLUSIONS: Any reductions in hospital stay, complication rates, or recurrence rates would be important in this highly problematic group of @entity1 . Elimination of the dead space where fluids can accumulate, combined with adhesion of the flaps with a sufficient strength to withstand the shear forces commonly encountered, could represent an important advancement in the treatment of pressure @entity1066 requiring surgical repair with myocutaneous or fasciocutaneous flaps. Our initial experience in this case suggests that Tissu @entity367 (  ) may be able to help reduce recurrence rates in this challenging group of @entity1 .

title: Recurrent ischial pressure XXXX resolved with a novel tissue adhesive: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: Complications related to central venous catheters (CVCs) in the postoperative period can be fatal. We recently had a case of @entity1143 and @entity649 caused by delayed @entity1317 . A 79-y-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of advanced @entity356 . A multiple-lumen CVC was placed through the left subclavian vein 1 d before surgery for postoperative nutritional management. The @entity1 suddenly complained of @entity1353 , and the chest X-ray film revealed right massive @entity1143 . Although the @entity1 's symptoms soon disappeared after the thoracentesis, she again developed severe @entity649 , and an endotracheal intubation was performed and her respiration was managed by mechanical ventilation. Computed tomographic scan of the chest revealed a displacement of the tip of the CVC out of the wall of the superior vena cava, @entity1764 , and leakage of intravenous fluid, which may have been caused by delayed @entity1317 due to the CVC. The CVC was removed immediately after the diagnosis of delayed @entity1317 at 10 d after surgery. The @entity1 soon recovered with conservative treatment and was discharged from the hospital 43 d after surgery. This case highlights an extremely rare presenting complication of CVC placement and total parenteral nutrition.

title: Delayed XXXX and severe @entity649 as a rare complication of a central venous catheter and total parenteral nutrition.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'bilateral pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injury']


abstract: @entity66 is an independent risk factor for @entity303 that may also be synergistic with @entity195 . In recent years attention has switched from cerebral @entity1188 as the primary cause of @entity73 , with damage to the white matter the primary mechanism. Uncertainties remain regarding the risks posed by different types vascular threat, the extent to which cerebrovascular damage occurs in middle age, and whether relatively "normal" amounts of @entity62 are accompanied by meaningful degrees of @entity73 . We explored these issues via laboratory, cardiovascular, cognitive, and @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) data in 67 middle-aged cognitively normal offspring of @entity303 @entity1 . The sample was enriched for vascular risk. Plasma insulin, 24-h systolic blood pressure, body mass index, age, and % small dense LDL @entity165 were the strongest correlates of @entity2996 white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. With shared variance controlled for, 24  h systolic BP, plasma insulin, and age remained as significant predictors of WMH volume. An interaction variable (24  h BP * insulin) did not improve the prediction of WMH. WMH volume correlated negatively with cognition. No evidence for an @entity2204 effect emerged for either @entity62 . @entity101 and @entity3190 appear to pose independent, consequential threats to the cerebral small vessel vasculature in middle age, reflected in the presence of areas of WMH on @entity2996 scans. Our data show that even modest WMH volumes in middle age are associated with @entity73 , underscoring the importance of aggressive treatment and lifestyle modifications to address vascular risk throughout adulthood.

title: @entity3190 and elevated systolic blood pressure independently predict @entity62 with associated XXXX in the middle-aged offspring of @entity303 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decrement', 'cognitive decline', 'cerebrovascular cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts to microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMH or cognition', 'white matter damage']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decrement']


abstract: The Mesoamerican @entity5157 genus Mexalictus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictinae) is a group of rare @entity5157 which are found at high elevations from southern Arizona (USA) to Panama. The genus is revised using traditional taxonomic approaches. The following twenty one new species are described: M. albofasciatus Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. anatolii Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. astriatus Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. ayalai Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. benyamini Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. diversus Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. jovelus Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. genalis Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. gibbsi Dumesh @entity8891 ., M. guatemalensis Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. hansoni Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. hondurensis Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. laurencei Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. mandibularis Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. nicaraguensis Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. punctatus Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. raavo Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. sheffieldi Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. vera-cruzense Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. verdazulus Dumesh, @entity8891 ., M. vitriolus Dumesh, @entity8891 . These and five previously known species are diagnosed, described, illustrated, and keyed. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 43 unordered morphological characters, resulted in 4 equally most parsimonious trees (L=176; Ci=36.4; Ri=56.6). Based upon these results, the sub-generic classification of Mexalictus into Georgealictus and Mexalictus s.str., is resurrected.

title: Revision of the rare Mesoamerican XXXX genus Mexalictus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of 21 new species.

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['bee']


abstract: The genes encoding @entity492 kinase (ask), @entity21812 dehydrogenase (hom), @entity21812 kinase (thrB) and @entity1889 synthase (thrC) from the obligate methylotroph @entity32299 were cloned. In maxicells hom and thrC directed synthesis of 51 and 48 kDa polypeptides, respectively. The hom, thrB and thrC genes and adjacent DNA areas were sequenced. Of the @entity1889 biosynthesis genes, only hom and thrC were tightly linked in the order hom-thrC. The gene for thymidylate synthase (thyA) followed thrC and the gene for @entity492 aminotransferase (aspC) preceded hom. All four genes (aspC-hom-thrC-thyA) were transcribed in the same direction. mRNA analysis indicated that hom-thrC are apparently transcribed in one 7.5 kb transcript in @entity32299 . Promoter analysis showed the presence of a functional promoter between aspC and hom. No functional promoter was found to be associated with the DNA stretch between hom and thrC. The thrB gene encoded an unusual type of @entity21812 kinase and was not linked to other @entity1889 biosynthesis genes.

title: Organization of XXXX biosynthesis genes from the obligate methylotroph @entity32299 .

entities_list: @entity32299 :: ('405', 'Species') :: ['Methylobacillus flagellatus', 'M. flagellatus']

entities_list: @entity21812 :: ('CHEBI:15699', 'Chemical') :: ['homoserine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity1889 :: (CHEBI:26986,Chemical) :: ['threonine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) is caused by the larval stages of the cestode and affects @entity1 and domestic animals worldwide. Protoscoleces (PSCs) are one component of the larval stages that can interact with both definitive and intermediate hosts. Previous genomic and transcriptomic data have provided an overall snapshot of the genomics of the growth and development of this parasite. However, our understanding of how PSCs subvert the immune response of hosts and maintains metabolic adaptation remains unclear. In this study, we used Roche 454 sequencing technology and in silico secretome analysis to explore the transcriptome profiles of the PSCs from @entity12047 and elucidate the potential functions of the excretory-secretory proteins (ESPs) released by the parasite. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A large number of nonredundant sequences as unigenes were generated (26,514), of which 22,910 (86.4%) were mapped to the newly published @entity12047 genome and 17,705 (66.8%) were distributed within the coding sequence (CDS) regions. Of the 2,280 ESPs predicted from the transcriptome, 138 ESPs were inferred to be involved in the metabolism of @entity3363 , while 124 ESPs were inferred to be involved in the metabolism of protein. Eleven ESPs were identified as intracellular enzymes that regulate glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (GL/GN) pathways, while a further 44 antigenic proteins, 25 molecular chaperones and four proteases were highly represented. Many proteins were also found to be significantly enriched in development-related signaling pathways, such as the TGF-b receptor pathways and insulin pathways. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides valuable information on the metabolic adaptation of parasites to their hosts that can be used to aid the development of novel intervention targets for hydatid treatment and control.

title: Transcriptome Profiles of the Protoscoleces of XXXX Reveal that Excretory-Secretory Products Are Essential to Metabolic Adaptation.

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Cystic hydatid disease']

answer: @entity12047 :: (6210,Species) :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1118 is a prevalent and costly problem. This review addresses the question of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the most common treatments for @entity1 with @entity1118 . DATA SOURCES: Representative published studies that evaluate the clinical effectiveness of pharmacological treatments, conservative (standard) care, surgery, spinal cord stimulators, implantable drug delivery systems (IDDSs), and @entity158 rehabilitation programs (PRPs) are examined and compared. The cost-effectiveness of these treatment approaches is also considered. DATA SYNTHESIS: Outcome criteria including @entity158 reduction, medication use, health care consumption, functional activities, and closure of disability compensation cases are examined. In addition to clinical effectiveness, the cost-effectiveness of PRPs, conservative care, surgery, spinal cord stimulators, and IDDSs are compared using costs to return a treated @entity1 to work to illustrate the relative expenses for each of these treatments. CONCLUSIONS: There are limitations to the success of all the available treatments. The author urges caution in interpreting the results, particularly in comparisons between treatments and across studies, because there are broad differences in the @entity158 syndromes and inclusion criteria used, the drug dosages, comparability of treatments, the definition of "chronic" used, the outcome criteria selected to determine success, and societal differences. None of the currently available treatments eliminates @entity158 for the majority of @entity1 . @entity158 rehabilitation programs provide comparable reduction in @entity158 to alternative @entity158 treatment modalities, but with significantly better outcomes for medication use, health care utilization, functional activities, return to work, closure of disability claims, and with substantially fewer iatrogenic consequences and adverse events. Surgery, spinal cord stimulators, and IDDSs appear to have substantial benefits on some outcome criteria for carefully selected @entity1 . These modalities are, however, expensive. @entity158 rehabilitation programs are significantly more cost effective than implantation of spinal cord stimulators, IDDSs, conservative care, and surgery, even for selected @entity1 . Research is needed to identify which @entity1 are most likely to benefit from the available treatments and to study combinations of the available treatments since none of them appear capable of eliminating @entity158 or significantly improving functional outcomes for all treated.

title: Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treatments for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cycle training on basal @entity842 (NO) production and endothelium-dependent dilator capacity in @entity753 @entity1 in whom @entity934 responsiveness is impaired. Nine sedentary @entity753 volunteers (total plasma @entity165 >6.0 mmol/L; 2 female) aged 44+/-3 years (mean+/-SEM) participated in the study. Subjects remained sedentary for 4 weeks and performed 4 weeks of home-based cycle training (3 x 30 minutes/week at 65% maximum @entity26 consumption [VO(2)max]) in a randomized order. Arteriovenous @entity1507 / @entity3542 (NO(x)) gradient was assessed and plethysmography was used to measure the forearm blood flow responses to arterial infusions of @entity934 , @entity1854 , and @entity7293 . Training increased VO(2)max from 30.4+/-1.9 to 34.3+/-1.4 mL x kg(-1) x @entity1009 ) (P=0.01). Intrabrachial diastolic blood pressure was reduced from 70+/-3 to 68+/-3 mm Hg (P=0.02) with training, whereas systolic pressure did not change. Plasma @entity1674 and total, LDL, and HDL @entity165 were not different between interventions. In the sedentary state, there was a positive forearm arteriovenous difference in plasma NO(x) indicating net extraction (6.8+/-4.0 nmol x 100 mL(-1) x @entity1009 )), whereas in the trained state this difference was negative, indicating net production (-5.8+/-5.8 nmol x 100 mL(-1) x @entity1009 ); P=0.03). @entity7293 , at a dose of 4 micromol/min, caused a greater vasoconstriction after training (79.6+/-3.4% versus 69.9+/-6.8%; P=0.05). @entity934 and @entity1854 induced dose-dependent elevations in forearm blood flow that were unaffected by training. These data suggest that basal release of endothelium-derived NO is increased with 4 weeks of home based training in @entity753 @entity1 , independently of lipid profile modification. This may contribute to the cardiovascular protective effects of exercise training, including reduced blood pressure.

title: Exercise training increases basal @entity842 production from the forearm in @entity753 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['N(G)mono methyl L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The expression and localization of aquaporins ( @entity6095 - @entity24941 ), members of the water channel family, in the developing @entity35 submandibular gland were analysed using RT-PCR, Northern blotting and immunohistochemistry to explore their relation to the development of this salivary gland. RT-PCR analysis revealed unique expression patterns of each AQP. @entity6095 was expressed constitutively during prenatal development, whereas the expression of @entity24941 became more intense in the course of development from embryonic day 16.5 (E16) to E20. These expression patterns concurred with the results of Northern blot analysis. @entity14355 and @entity6096 mRNAs in the prenatal development were not detected in Northern blots, although they were detected by RT-PCR. During postnatal development, @entity24941 and @entity6095 mRNAs were expressed continuously, but no message for @entity14355 or @entity6096 was detected. @entity14354 mRNA was not detected during either prenatal or postnatal development in this tissue. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that @entity24941 was first localized at the apical membrane of proacinar cells at E18, and then became clearly distributed at the apical membrane of acinar cells in accordance with the differentiation and establishment of the mature acini. In addition, some vasculature also showed immunoreactivity for @entity24941 . @entity6095 was immunolocalized in the blood vessels, including capillaries, of the gland throughout development. These observations suggest the existence of transcriptional regulation of @entity35 @entity24941 , which is one of the most probable regulators of saliva production and secretion, during the establishment of the functional submandibular salivary gland.

title: Expression and localization of aquaporins, members of the water channel family, during development of the XXXX submandibular gland.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The pharmacokinetics of an antibody (huA1)-drug ( @entity67435 microtubule disrupting MMAF) conjugate, targeting 5T4-expressing cells, were characterized during the discovery and development phases in female nu/nu @entity19 and @entity5434 after a single dose and in S-D @entity35 and @entity5434 from multidose @entity137 studies. Plasma/serum samples were analyzed using an ELISA-based method for antibody and conjugate (ADC) as well as for the released payload using an LC-MS/MS method. In addition, the distribution of the Ab, ADC, and released payload (cys-mcMMAF) was determined in a number of tissues ( @entity5 , lung, liver, kidney, and heart) in two @entity5 @entity19 models (H1975 and MDA-MB-361-DYT2 models) using similar LBA and LC-MS/MS methods. Tissue distribution studies revealed @entity5 distribution of cys-mcMMAF and its relative specificity to the 5T4 target containing tissue ( @entity5 ). Single dose studies suggests lower CL values at the higher doses in @entity19 , although a linear relationship was seen in @entity5434 at doses from 0.3 to 10 mg/kg with no evidence of TMDD. Evaluation of DAR (drug-antibody ratio) in @entity5434 (at 3 mg/kg) indicated that at least half of the payload was still on the ADC 1 to 2 weeks after IV dosing. After multiple doses, the huA1 and conjugate data in @entity35 and monkeys indicate that exposure (AUC) increases with increasing dose in a linear fashion. Systemic exposure (as assessed by Cmax and AUC) of the released payload increased with increasing dose, although exposure was very low and its pharmacokinetics appeared to be formation rate limited. The incidence of ADA was generally low in @entity35 and monkeys. We will discuss cross species comparison, relationships between the Ab, ADC, and released payload exposure after multiple dosing, and insights into the distribution of this ADC with a focus on experimental design as a way to address or bypass apparent obstacles and its integration into predictive models.

title: Preclinical Development of an anti-5T4 Antibody-Drug Conjugate: Pharmacokinetics in @entity19 , @entity35 , and NHP and @entity5 /Tissue Distribution in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity67435 :: ('MESH:C543533', 'Chemical') :: ['auristatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'preferential tumor']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: @entity1 is a 29-year-old with a history of recurrent growth hormone-secreting @entity4611 diagnosed 12 years prior to presentation. Eight years prior to current presentation, the @entity1 underwent re-resection and received 50.4 Gy external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in 28 fractions of 1.8 Gy each. Serial postradiation MRIs demonstrated regression in @entity977 size. @entity1 presented with new @entity10 7.5 years after completing EBRT. Brain MRI demonstrated new FLAIR hyperintensity and contrast enhancement within the pons and medulla, corresponding to the 36 Gy isodose line of each radiation dose fraction. Differential diagnosis included radiation @entity39 and @entity11 ( @entity11 ). The @entity1 's neurologic exam worsened over the following 4 months. MRI showed progressive increase in mass effect, extent of FLAIR hyperintensity, and contrast enhancement in the brainstem. Stereotactic-assisted biopsy showed infiltrating @entity816 with moderate atypia. A PubMed search showed this is the first case of histologically verified @entity11 correlated with 3-dimensional conformational radiation therapy dose and volume planning following EBRT for a @entity977 . The rare occurrence of @entity11 after radiation therapy for @entity977 supports the need for long-term imaging monitoring of such @entity1 .

title: Histologically Proven Radiation-Induced @entity11 93 Months After External Beam Radiotherapy for XXXX : Radiation Treatment Dose and Volume Correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['RIG', 'brainstem RIG', 'radiation-induced glioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['Pituitary Macroadenoma']


abstract: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare stage, disease-free survival and overall survival in @entity1 suffering from @entity1204 who underwent hysteroscopy and those who did not. Between January 1, 1990 and June 30, 2001, 181 @entity1 were referred to our Gynaecologic Department for primary @entity1204 ; from clinical charts we reviewed the personal and pathological data of all @entity1 . @entity1 were divided into two groups: those with hysteroscopy (69 @entity1 ) and those without (112 @entity1 ). Endometrial biopsy was performed at the end of hysteroscopy. We compared symptoms at diagnosis, stage and survival. Hysteroscopy demonstrates a high diagnostic accuracy for @entity1204 . In our case series we obtained a sensitivity of 93.10%, specificity of 99.96%, positive predictive value of 98.18% and negative predictive value of 99.85%; when hysteroscopy was associated with endometrial biopsy the sensitivity was 96.55% and specificity 100%. In this study we had a significant difference in stage Ia; in the group with hysteroscopy, stage Ia cases were 23.2% while in the group without, stage Ia cases were 15.2%. Survival in stage Ia only was 100% and 91.7%, respectively, at three and five years. In conclusion hysteroscopy was found to have a very important role in the early diagnosis of @entity1204 , especially when it is limited to the mucosal surface.

title: The role of hysteroscopy in early diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: @entity2608 inoculated intravenously with @entity10787 ( @entity10787 ) virus presented clinical disease syndromes similar to @entity1 cases of @entity10787 . All 17 infected monkeys had high-titered @entity646 but disease ranged from clinically inapparent to @entity204 . Three (18%) @entity10787 virus-infected monkeys developed signs of @entity7593 characterized by epistaxis, petechial to purpuric @entity75 , @entity448 , and @entity391 prior to @entity204 . The 14 remaining monkeys survived @entity26495 but, 7 showed clinical signs of illness characterized by diminished food intake, cutaneous petechiae, and occasional @entity391 . The other 7 monkeys showed no evidence of clinical disease. All monkeys had detectable serum interferon 24-30 h after @entity281 , but 4 of 7 monkeys that did not develop clinical illness had serum interferon titers within 12 h after @entity281 . In lethally infected macaques, @entity1003 were abnormal within 2 days, implicating early pathogenetic events as critical determinants of survival. Serum transferase values were elevated in proportion to severity of clinical disease and outcome of @entity281 . Both @entity296 and laboratory evidence consistent with disseminated @entity5642 were present in fatal @entity281 . All surviving monkeys developed neutralizing antibodies to @entity10787 virus 4-7 days after @entity281 , and this coincided with termination of @entity646 . Two fatally infected monkeys were viremic until @entity204 on days 6 and 8, and the third cleared @entity646 on day 5 and developed antibody on day 6 but died on day 15. There was a significant correlation between a delayed interferon response and mortality, suggesting that the early appearance of interferon was influential in limiting the severity of disease.

title: Pathogenesis of @entity10787 in XXXX : role of interferon response.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity646 :: ('MESH:D014766', 'Disease') :: ['viremias', 'viremia']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lesions']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['indices of hepatic function and blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity26495 :: ('MESH:D006482', 'Disease') :: ['RVF viral infection']

entities_list: @entity10787 :: ('MESH:D012295', 'Disease') :: ['Rift Valley fever', 'RVF']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Climatic factors play an important role in determining species distributions and phenotypic variation of populations over geographic space. Since @entity742 is managed under low intensive systems animals could have retained some genome adaptive footprints. The gene encoding the Hsp90a has been extensively studied in @entity742 and some polymorphisms located at its promoter have been associates with differences in the transcription rate of the gene depending on climatic conditions. In this work the relationships among the distribution and frequencies of 11 polymorphisms of the ovine @entity65109 gene promoter in 31 @entity742 breeds and the climatic and geographic variables prevailing in their regions of origin have been studied. Also the promoter sequence has been characterized in 9 species of the Caprinae subfamily. RESULTS: Correlations among several climatic variables and allele frequencies of the polymorphisms of the @entity65109 gene promoter linked with differences in the transcription activity of the gene under heat stress conditions have been assessed. A group of breeds reared in semi dry climates have high frequencies of the insertion allele of the @entity65110 associated with the heat stress response. Other group of breeds native to semi arid conditions showed very low frequencies of this same allele. However, in some cases, this previous correlation has not been achieved, revealing the high levels of gene flow among populations occurred following domestication. The Bayesian Test of Beaumont and Balding identified two outlier loci, the @entity65111 and @entity65112 (2)A candidates to balancing and directional selection, respectively. Polymorphisms detected in @entity742 are also present in several species of the Caprinae subfamily being @entity1237 , O. musimon and O. moschatus those sharing the highest number of them with @entity742 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite domestication, @entity742 breeds showed some genetic footprints related to climatic variables. Adaptation of breeds to heat climates can suppose a selective advantage to cope with global warming caused by climatic change. Polymorphisms of the @entity65109 gene detected in the @entity742 species are also present in wild species from the Caprinae subfamily, indicating a great antiquity of these mutations and its importance in the adaptation of species to past climatic conditions existing in its native environments.

title: Looking for adaptive footprints in the XXXX ovine gene.

entities_list: @entity742 :: ('9940', 'Species') :: ['sheep', 'Ovis aries', 'O. aries', 'domestic sheep']

answer: @entity65109 :: (100127209(Tax:9940),Gene) :: ['HSP90AA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) has been shown to activate the peripheral innate immune system and systemic inflammatory response, possibly through the central release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Our main purpose was to gain an initial understanding of the peripheral mitochondrial response following @entity131 , and how this response could be utilized to determine cerebral mitochondrial bioenergetics. We hypothesized that @entity131 would increase peripheral whole blood relative mtDNA copy number, and that these alterations would be associated with cerebral mitochondrial bioenergetics triggered by @entity131 . METHODOLOGY: Blood samples were obtained before, 6 h after, and 25 h after focal (controlled cortical impact injury: CCI) and diffuse (rapid non-impact rotational injury: @entity32915 ) @entity131 . PCR primers, unique to mtDNA, were identified by aligning segments of nuclear DNA (nDNA) to mtDNA, normalizing values to nuclear 16S rRNA, for a relative mtDNA copy number. Three unique mtDNA regions were selected, and PCR primers were designed within those regions, limited to 25-30 base pairs to further ensure sequence specificity, and measured utilizing qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Mean relative mtDNA copy numbers increased significantly at 6 and 25 hrs after following both focal and diffuse traumatic @entity1545 . Specifically, the mean relative mtDNA copy number from three mitochondrial-specific regions pre-injury was 0.84    0.05. At 6 and 25 h after diffuse non-impact @entity131 , mean mtDNA copy number was significantly higher: 2.07    0.19 (P < 0.0001) and 2.37    0.42 (P < 0.001), respectively. Following focal impact @entity131 , relative mtDNA copy number was also significantly higher, 1.35    0.12 (P < 0.0001) at 25 hours. Alterations in mitochondrial respiration in the hippocampus and cortex post- @entity131 correlated with changes in the relative mtDNA copy number measured in peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in peripheral blood relative mtDNA copy numbers may be a novel biosignature of cerebral mitochondrial bioenergetics with exciting translational potential for non-invasive diagnostic and interventional studies.

title: Peripheral Blood Mitochondrial DNA as a Biomarker of Cerebral Mitochondrial Dysfunction following Traumatic XXXX in a Porcine Model.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic brain injury', 'TBI']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['Brain Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) can eradicate @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ), but is limited by donor availability and @entity137 . We previously reported normalization of counts and resolution of @entity4018 after ablative, syngeneic @entity8 in spent phase @entity6582 vera (PV). Hence, GvL is not required to eradicate @entity4018 . Autologous @entity8 may advance treatment for spent phase PV by restoring effective hematopoiesis. The influence of organomegaly, myelosuppression and @entity4018 on PBSC collection has not been studied in the setting of PV. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with PV underwent PBSC collection. Mobilization was with filgrastim alone, with a target cell content of 2.5 x 10(6) @entity2280 (+)/kg. All myelosuppression was discontinued 2 weeks prior to collection. RESULTS: Median ages at diagnosis and collection were 47 and 57 years, respectively. @entity7555 , @entity4018 and use of myelosuppressive therapies were present in 10 (63%), 4 (25%) and 7 (44%) @entity1 . Median total nucleated cells (TNC) and @entity2280 (+) counts were 8.3 x 10(8)/kg and 4.98 x 10(8)/kg. @entity4018 had an adverse effect on TNC (p=0.05) but not on the @entity2280 (+) content. Time from diagnosis and the use of myelosuppresion had no influence on TNC and @entity2280 (+) contents. Four @entity1 had @entity2280 (+) contents <2.5 x 10(6)/kg. Complete blood count (CBC) parameters were not predictive of @entity2280 (+) content. DISCUSSION: Autologous PBSC collection is feasible in PV several years after diagnosis. @entity7555 and @entity4018 are not absolute contraindications for collection. Discontinuing myelosuppresion for 2 weeks before mobilization appears sufficient to collect adequate numbers of @entity2280 (+) progenitors.

title: Collection of autologous PBSC in XXXX with @entity6582 vera.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['stem-cell transplantation', 'SCT']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['Organomegaly']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1120 is a @entity29288 caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GC) and the consequent deposition of glucocerebrosides into the cells of the macrophagic system. Among the three types of clinical disease, type 1 leads to @entity828 , @entity6118 and @entity853 including @entity158 , @entity2331 and @entity174 . Two pediatric female @entity1 with moderately severe @entity1120 were treated with commercially available GC, @entity3913 terminated to be macrophage-targeted. GC was given by intravenous infusion (30 to 60 units per kilogram of body weight every two weeks) for 8 and 18 months. The hemoglobin concentration increased and the serum acid phosphatase decreased in both @entity1 . In the most affected @entity1 , hepatic volume decreased significantly and @entity1109 disappeared. Infusions were uneventful except for an episode of @entity2021 that subsided rapidly, allowed resumption and did not affect efficacy. These observations are in agreement with the international experience in approximately 800 cases, with good tolerance in all type 1 @entity1 who show objective clinical improvement; patterns of response are variable from @entity1 to @entity1 , independent from previous splenectomy, and dose-dependent; the dose can be tapered after a period of time. Antibodies anti-GC are seen in 13% of the @entity1 , but their presence does not have clinical consequences. The cost of the enzyme makes it crucial to define precise indications, optimal dosing schedules, duration of treatment and cost-benefit ratio.

title: [Enzyme replacement therapy in type 1 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['bony symptoms']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity29288 :: ('MESH:D013106', 'Disease') :: ['sphingolipid storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease', 'type 1 Gaucher disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher's disease']


abstract: To assess the duration of immunosuppression in @entity1140 -dosed @entity1707 , an undiluted whole blood assay was established to measure reactivities of T cells in their physiological milieu. @entity4515 and @entity1360 were shown to induce @entity22132 production in @entity1707 blood. The IC50 of @entity1140 in inhibiting @entity22132 production in whole blood and isolated PBMC stimulated with @entity4515 and @entity1360 measured 1.2 and 0.04 nM, respectively. These data underscore the influence of red blood cells and plasma proteins on drug potency. @entity22132 levels were determined in blood drawn immediately before and 1, 24, 48, and 72 h after iv dosing. For @entity1707 dosed with 0.05 mg/kg, 50% recovery of @entity22132 production was observed at 16 h and 100% at 35 h after dosing. For @entity1707 dosed with 0.15 mg/kg, 50% recovery was observed at 38 h and 100% at 72 h. Blood concentrations of @entity1140 at 50 and 100% recovery of @entity22132 production measured 10.8 and 2.2 nM for @entity1707 dosed with 0.05 mg/kg and 6.1 and 1.1 nM for @entity1707 dosed with 0.15 mg/kg, respectively. These concentrations are severalfold higher than predicted from the IC50 of @entity1140 for inhibiting @entity22132 production in the whole blood assay. These data suggest that the true potency of @entity1140 in blood after dosing is influenced by additional factors, which could include plasma protein binding, the presence of active or interfering metabolites, serum interfering factors, and sequestration of drug in blood cells. Our results demonstrate the utility of an undiluted whole blood assay for assessing the duration of immunosuppression in drug-dosed animals and emphasize the importance of assessing drug potency in the whole blood environment ex vivo.

title: Ex vivo assessment of immunosuppression in undiluted whole blood from @entity1707 dosed with XXXX ( @entity1140 ).

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: METHODS: We investigated the possibility of carotid baroreflex dysfunction as the cause of @entity1887 in @entity135 @entity1 treated with neck radiotherapy. Three @entity1 cured with radiation therapy were evaluated for light- @entity1296 and @entity1163 . Orthostatic blood pressure, heart rate responses to @entity7368 and @entity3897 , and baroreceptor sensitivity to @entity3586 and @entity2647 were measured. The results were compared with measurements in six normal control subjects. RESULTS: All three @entity1 had intact sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac innervation. Nevertheless, their heart rate responses to @entity3586 -induced @entity551 and @entity2647 @entity101 were only one-third normal (P = 0.013), indicating poor baroreceptor function. Upon standing, diastolic pressure of control @entity1 increased but that of the three @entity1 decreased by 3 mmHg. After inhalation of @entity3586 their systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased by 70+/-9 and 28+/-2 mmHg, much more than the control @entity1 ' decrease of 33+/-5 and 17+/-3 mmHg (P = 0.006, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The baroreflex is the most important mechanism for short-term blood pressure homeostasis. @entity1 with transient light- @entity1296 or @entity1163 after radiotherapy to the neck may have baroreceptor damage. This defect is unlikely to be apparent on routine cardiovascular testing. However, testing with a rapidly acting @entity551 stimulus can reveal gross deficits in the regulation of heart rate and blood pressure.

title: Light- XXXX and defective cardiovascular reflexes after neck radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['headedness']

entities_list: @entity3586 :: ('MESH:D000680', 'Chemical') :: ['amyl nitrite', 'amyl-nitrite']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity1296 :: (MESH:D004244,Disease) :: ['headedness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative @entity1735 antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is an independent predictor of survival for @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ), and more powerful than preoperative CA19-9. However, making decisions just dependent on postoperative CA19-9 may result in necessary treatments not being performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 178 @entity1 with resected @entity1124 were eligible for this retrospective study, classified into two corresponding subgroups according to postoperative CA19-9. Prognostic significance of all clinicopathologic factors was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Postoperative CA19-9, preoperative @entity10224 and lymph node status were independent predictors. Better predictive performances for overall survival (OS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were achieved by postoperative CA19-9 compared to preoperative @entity10224 and lymph node status. Particularly, preoperative @entity10224 was associated with poor OS (p<0.001 for the normalized CA19-9 @entity1 , p=0.012 for the elevated) and @entity1349 (p=0.005 for the normalized, p=0.004 for the elevated). Moreover, preoperative @entity10224 levels related with survival in double- negative @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Normalization of CA19-9 is not tantamount to be cured. Preoperative @entity10224 is a critical predictor for @entity1124 @entity1 , especially in double-negative @entity1 .

title: Normalization of CA19-9 Following Resection for XXXX is not Tantamount to being Cured?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Physical activity and soy protein isolate (SPI) augmentation have been reported to be beneficial for bone health. We hypothesized that combining @entity2798 and SPI intake would alleviate detrimental changes in bone induced by a high-fat diet. A 2 * 2 * 2 experiment was designed with diets containing 16% or 45% of energy as @entity4336 oil and 20% SPI or casein fed to sedentary or @entity5516 male C57BL/6 @entity19 for 14 weeks. Distal femurs were assessed for microstructural changes. The high-fat diet significantly decreased trabecular number (Tb.N) and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and increased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Soy protein instead of casein, regardless of fat content, in the diet significantly increased bone volume fraction, Tb.N, connectivity density, and @entity79 and decreased Tb.Sp. @entity2798 , regardless of fat content, significantly decreased bone volume fraction, Tb.N, connectivity density, and @entity79 and increased Tb.Sp. The high-fat diet significantly decreased @entity2450 and increased @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP 5b) concentrations in plasma. Plasma concentrations of @entity2450 were increased by both SPI and @entity5516 . Running alleviated the increase in TRAP 5b induced by the high-fat diet. These findings demonstrate that a high-fat diet is deleterious, and SPI is beneficial to trabecular bone properties. The deleterious effect of @entity2798 on trabecular structural characteristics indicates that there may be a maximal threshold of @entity5516 beyond which beneficial effects cease and detrimental effects occur. Increases in plasma @entity2450 and decreases in plasma TRAP 5b in @entity5516 @entity19 suggest that a compensatory response occurs to counteract the detrimental effects of excessive @entity5516 .

title: Soy protein is beneficial but high-fat diet and XXXX are detrimental to bone structure in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary running', 'Voluntary running']

answer: @entity2798 :: (MESH:D009155,Disease) :: ['voluntary running']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Complex I ( @entity2125 : @entity3276 oxidoreductase) is central to cellular aerobic energy metabolism, and its deficiency is involved in many @entity1 @entity2383 . Complex I translocates protons across the membrane using electron transfer energy. @entity13478 (SQ) intermediates appearing during catalysis are suggested to be key for the coupling mechanism in complex I. However, the existence of SQ has remained controversial due to the extreme difficulty in detecting unstable and low intensity SQ signals. Here, for the first time with @entity526 complex I reconstituted in proteoliposomes, we successfully resolved and characterized three distinct SQ species by EPR. These species include: fast-relaxing SQ (SQNf) with P1/2 (half-saturation power level)>50mW and a wider linewidth (12.8 G); slow-relaxing SQ (SQNs) with P1/2=2-3mW and a 10G linewidth; and very slow-relaxing SQ (SQNvs) with P1/2= ~0.1mW and a 7.5G linewidth. The SQNf signals completely disappeared in the presence of the uncoupler @entity34009 or @entity66162 , a potent @entity526 complex I inhibitor. The pH dependency of the SQNf signals correlated with the proton-pumping activities of complex I. The SQNs signals were insensitive to @entity34009 , but sensitive to @entity66162 . The SQNvs signals were insensitive to both @entity34009 and @entity66162 . Our @entity6189 exchange experiments suggested that SQNf is neutral, while SQNs and SQNvs are anion radicals. The SQNs signals were lost in the   NuoL mutant missing transporter module subunits NuoL and NuoM. The roles and relationships of the SQ intermediates in the coupling mechanism are discussed.

title: XXXX intermediates are involved in the energy coupling mechanism of @entity526 complex I.

entities_list: @entity34009 :: ('MESH:D006096', 'Chemical') :: ['gramicidin D']

entities_list: @entity66162 :: ('MESH:C102771', 'Chemical') :: ['squamotacin']

entities_list: @entity13478 :: ('CHEBI:15817', 'Chemical') :: ['Semiquinone']

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial diseases']

answer: @entity13478 :: (CHEBI:15817,Chemical) :: ['Semiquinone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity141 influx via store-operated @entity141 entry (SOCE) plays critical roles in many essential cellular functions. The @entity141 release-activated @entity141 (CRAC) channel complex, consisting of Orai and STIM, is one of the major components of store-operated @entity141 (SOC) channels. Our previous study demonstrated that @entity112 can cause sustained @entity141 entry through SOC channels in OUMS-27 cells derived from @entity1 @entity511 . This SOCE was increased by low- and decreased by high-concentrations of @entity15258 . Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blot analyses revealed abundant expressions of @entity7011 , @entity42801 and @entity7010 . Introduction of dominant negative mutant of @entity7011 , or siOrai1 knockdown significantly attenuated SOCE. Following @entity112 application, single molecule imaging using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy demonstrated punctate @entity7011 - @entity7010 complex formation in plasma membrane. In contrast, knockdown or over-expression of @entity42801 resulted in an increase or a decrease in SOCE, respectively. Finally, TIRF imaging revealed direct coupling between @entity7011 and @entity42801 , and suggested that @entity42801 reduces @entity7011 function by formation of a hetero-tetramer. These results provide substantial evidence that @entity7011 , @entity42801 and @entity7010 form functional CRAC channels in OUMS-27 cells and that these complexes are responsible for sustained @entity141 entry in response to agonist stimulation.

title: @entity7011 - XXXX complex is involved in store-operated calcium entry in chondrocyte cell lines.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity15258 :: ('MESH:C109986', 'Chemical') :: ['2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity42801 :: (80228,Gene) :: ['Orai2']


abstract: In the modern @entity7971 , contemporary management of @entity4810 has undergone groundbreaking changes with the introduction of new concepts, advanced testing, and therapeutic interventions. As practicing gynecologists are often the first physicians who encounter an infertile couple, it is essential that these clinicians are continuously updated about the new pearls and pitfalls of @entity4810 management. Semen analysis is commonly ordered by gynecologists. In 2010, the WHO released new cutoff reference values for the semen parameters adopting novel methodology, which has incited much debate. Reference values have been lowered in comparison with previous standards, with a direct clinical implication in decision-making strategies. Specialized sperm-function tests, such as sperm oxidative stress and sperm chromatin integrity assessments, became clinically available, thus offering an opportunity to better understand sperm dysfunctions concealed during routine semen analysis. Furthermore, the initial counseling of azoospermic @entity1 by an andrologically well educated gynecologist may alleviate the misconception and distress surrounding the false belief of sterility, and will clarify the available options of percutaneous and microsurgical sperm-retrieval techniques and assisted conception outcome. Regarding varicocele, which is commonly seen in infertile males, it is now clear that the best treatment option for infertile @entity1 with clinical varicocele is the microsurgical vein ligation. Natural conception is significantly improved after varicocelectomy, and recent data suggest that such treatment optimizes reproductive outcome of couples undergoing ICSI or micro-TESE sperm retrieval. Lastly, new therapeutic interventions, including oral antioxidant therapy and lifestyle modifications, have gained increasing attention, as they aid in alleviating @entity4810 .

title: Engaging practicing gynecologists in the management of infertile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6660 Background: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in low-grade @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) can result in prolonged remission but most @entity1 eventually relapse and die of their disease. We report long term outcomes of AHSCT for @entity1 with relapsed low-grade @entity1893 . METHODS: Between May 1983 and 2001, 67 @entity1 with low-grade @entity1893 received an AHSCT at the University of Minnesota at a median of 28 months (5 to 182) from the time of diagnosis. At transplant, 62 @entity1 (93%) were in complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR), 5 (8%) had refractory disease and 9 (14%) had transformed into a higher grade @entity1893 . RESULTS: Post AHSCT, 32 @entity1 (53%) were in CR and 19 (32%) were in PR. At a median follow-up of 8 years (2 to 18 years), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 50% (95% confidence interval (CI) 38-62%) at 4 years and 33% (95% CI 20-46%) at 10 and 18 years, whereas progression free survival (PFS) was 30% (95% CI 17-39%) at 4, 18% (95% CI 8-28%) at 10 and 14% (95% CI 4-25%) at 18 years. Transplant related mortality in the first 100 days (TRM) was 3% (95% CI 0-7%). Rate of relapse was 62% (95% CI 48-75%) at 4 and 72% (95% CI 56-87%) at 10 years. 11 @entity1 (18%) developed @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) / @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) at 1 to 8 years post AHSCT and 3 developed solid @entity5 . In a multiple regression analysis, the International Prognostic Index (IPI) score at transplant was the most important predictor for both @entity1349 and PFS. The median @entity1349 has not been reached in @entity1 with an IPI score of 0 at transplant, whereas it was 3.8, 2.3 and 1.6 years for IPI scores of 1, 2 and 3 respectively (P=0.002). Good response to AHSCT (CR/PR) (RR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9, P=0.04) and age less than 50 (RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.8, P=0.01) were also predictors of @entity1349 and PFS. CONCLUSIONS: We present mature follow up data of @entity1 undergoing AHSCT for relapsed low grade @entity1893 and demonstrate extended @entity1349 and PFS. Long term remission is seen in nearly 20% of @entity1 . However, prolonged survival is tempered by a significant risk of post transplant second @entity5 including @entity5 . Safer or earlier application of AHSCT may reduce these late risks and improve survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Long term follow up after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for low grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MDS/AML and solid tumors', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival', 'good OS']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: @entity3754 is a significant public health problem in several Pacific island countries. Papua New Guinea is one of the most populous countries in this region, and 39% of its residents are estimated to be infected with @entity10065 . The Ministries of Health of the 22 islands and territories in the Pacific region are committed to taking action against @entity3754 . Accordingly, a regional collaborative effort aimed at the control of @entity6565 has been organized under the auspices of a program referred to as PacELF. The main objective of PacELF is to eliminate @entity6565 as public health problem in the Pacific region by the year 2010, 10 years before global elimination of this @entity166 has been targeted. This contribution describes the epidemiology and ecological features of @entity6565 and prospects for its elimination in Papua New Guinea. The frequencies of microfilaremia, chronic @entity3329 , and acute filarial morbidity in Papua New Guinea are higher than in many other endemic countries of the Pacific, Africa, and South America. All possible combinations of these three manifestations of @entity6565 exist. They occur independently of each other, and there is no association between chronic @entity3329 and microfilarial status. Anopheles punctulatus mosquitoes are the main vectors throughout the country. Transmission intensity is heterogeneous and a major determinant of local patent @entity281 and morbidity rates. Annual transmission potential and annual infective biting rates are positively associated with the village-specific microfilarial rate, mean intensity of microfilaremia, and prevalence of leg @entity4 . @entity1 and adults have similar worm burdens, assessed by circulating filarial antigen levels, in areas of high transmission, whereas worm burdens increase with age in areas of lower transmission. Intensity of exposure to infective third-stage larvae (L3) is significantly correlated with filarial antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, possibly by a mechanism that alters APC function. Historical evidence suggests that residual insecticide spraying conducted for @entity311 control in some parts of the country interrupted transmission of @entity10065 as it did in the Solomon Islands. Prospects for eliminating @entity3754 in Papua New Guinea are good and may be achieved by the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century if an integrated control approach using mass drug administration with vector control is adopted.

title: XXXX in Papua New Guinea: prospects for elimination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic disease']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis', 'Lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity10065 :: ('6293', 'Species') :: ['W. bancrofti', 'Wuchereria bancrofti']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity3754 :: (MESH:D004605,Disease) :: ['Lymphatic filariasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of @entity28 is a concern for policy makers and health professionals, leading to a focus on early prevention. The beliefs and perspectives of parents about early @entity28 , and their views and opinions about the need for weight management interventions for this age group are poorly understood. METHODS: A formative qualitative focus group study with parents of pre-school @entity1 took place in eight community-based locations throughout North-East Scotland to explore their ideas about the causes of early @entity28 , personal experiences of effective weight management strategies, and views about the format and content of a possible @entity1 -orientated weight management programme. Study @entity1 were recruited via pre-school nurseries. RESULTS: Thirty-four mothers (median age 37 years) took part in the study, but only two believed their @entity1 had a weight problem. @entity1 (who focussed primarily on dietary issues) expressed a strong sense of personal responsibility to 'get the balance right' regarding their @entity1 's weight, and were generally resistant to the idea of attending a weight management programme aimed at very young @entity1 . At the same time, they described a range of challenges to their weight management intentions. These included dealing with intrinsic uncertainties such as knowing when to stop 'demand feeding' for @entity1017 , and judging appropriate portion sizes - for themselves and their @entity1 . In addition they faced a range of extrinsic challenges associated with complex family life, i.e. catering to differing family members dietary needs, food preferences, practices and values, and keeping their 'family food rules' (associated with weight management) when tired or pressed for time. CONCLUSIONS: The findings have important implications for health professionals and policy makers wishing to engage with parents on this issue, or who are currently developing 'family-centred' early childhood weight management interventions. The challenge lies in the fact that mothers believe themselves to be the primary (and capable) agents of @entity28 prevention in the early years - but, who are at the same time, attempting to deal with many mixed and conflicting messages and pressures emanating from their social and cultural environments that may be undermining their weight management intentions.

title: "It's a balance of just getting things right": mothers' views about pre-school XXXX and @entity28 prevention in Scotland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: Statistical learning-learning environmental regularities to guide behavior-likely plays an important role in natural @entity1 behavior. One potential use is in search for valuable items. Because @entity227 can be acquired quickly and without intention or awareness, it could optimize search and thereby conserve energy. For this to be true, however, @entity227 needs to be viewpoint invariant, facilitating search even when @entity1 walk around. To test whether implicit @entity227 of spatial information is viewpoint independent, we asked @entity1 to perform a visual search task from variable locations around a monitor placed flat on a stand. Unbeknownst to @entity1 , the target was more often in some locations than others. In contrast to previous research on stationary observers, @entity227 failed to produce a search advantage for targets in high-probable regions that were stable within the environment but variable relative to the viewer. This failure was observed even when conditions for spatial updating were optimized. However, learning was successful when the rich locations were referenced relative to the viewer. We conclude that changing viewer perspective disrupts implicit learning of the target's location probability. This form of learning shows limited integration with spatial updating or spatiotopic representations.

title: Changing viewer perspectives reveals constraints to implicit XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual statistical learning']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual statistical learning']