abstract: BACKGROUND: We produced a novel model of @entity1876 ( @entity1876 ) by periurethral injection of hyaluronic acid and compared the cystometric features, @entity260 , and histopathological changes of that model with that of traditional open surgery. METHODS: Forty female @entity35 were divided into three groups. Fifteen @entity35 were subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml hyaluronic acid at 5, 7, and 12 o'clock around the urethral orifice. Another fifteen @entity35 underwent traditional open partial proximal urethral obstruction surgery, and 10 normal @entity35 used as controls. After 4 weeks, filling @entity260 , and histopathological features were evaluated in each group. Three @entity35 were also observed for 12 weeks after @entity4023 injection to evaluate the long-term effect. RESULTS: Hyaluronic acid periurethral injection caused increased maximum cystometric capacity, maximum bladder pressure, micturition interval, and post-void residual urine volume compared with control (p < 0.01). The injection group had significantly shorter operative time, less incidence of incision @entity281 and @entity3226 formation compared with the surgery group (p < 0.01). @entity1710 and @entity1711 (HE) staining showed suburothelial and interstitial @entity450 edema and smooth @entity2086 in both injection and surgery bladders; these were not observed in the control group. Bladder weight and thickness of smooth muscle in the injection and surgery groups were significantly greater than those in the control group (p < 0.01). @entity2543 and @entity32 were observed in the surgery group but not in the injection or control groups. @entity35 periurethrally injected hyaluronic acid were stable the compound was not fully absorbed in any @entity35 after 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Hyaluronic acid periurethral injection generates a simple, effective, and persistent animal model of @entity1876 with lower complications, compared with traditional surgery.

title: Urethral orifice hyaluronic acid injections: a novel animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['lamina propria inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['bladder stone']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['cystometry, postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['Urethral epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['BOO', 'bladder outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity1876 :: (MESH:D001748,Disease) :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']


abstract: The fulfillment of counselees' expectations in @entity5 genetic counseling and how this affects the outcome of counseling have received little attention so far. This study investigates how the initial consultation influences counselees' cognitions and @entity148 , whether counselors address counselees' prior needs and preferences during the visit, and whether addressing needs is associated with a more positive outcome of the visit. One hundred twenty-eight affected and unaffected counselees from families with no known mutation, who were seen by one of fourteen counselors, participated. Pre- and post-visit questionnaires assessed correct knowledge about @entity0 , @entity1314 ( @entity1314 ), @entity148 (STAI), risk perceptions, and (fulfillment of) needs (QUOTE-gene(ca)). Results demonstrated a pre- to post-visit significant increase in correct knowledge and @entity1314 , and a significant decrease in STAI and risk perceptions. However, marked overestimation of risks persisted. Decrease in STAI and risk perceptions was significantly less pronounced in affected versus unaffected counselees. The majority of counselees were (very) satisfied about the extent to which their needs were addressed, albeit about one-fifth were not regarding emotional matters and explanations about their own @entity5 risk. Finally, the better counselees perceived their needs to be fulfilled, the significantly higher their @entity1314 and the significantly lower their STAi scores were. Findings suggest that both unaffected and affected counselees should be counseled carefully. Also, a more effective service may be attained if counselors pay more attention to counselees' emotional needs and detail more inheritance and penetrance of mutated genes in relation to counselees' family history.

title: Initial @entity5 genetic counseling consultation: change in counselees' cognitions and XXXX , and association with addressing their needs and preferences.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['PPC', 'perceived personal control']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary breast or colon cancer']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and assess the efficiency and efficacy of the AutoCyte @entity20219 thin-layer Pap test method (TriPath Imaging, Inc., @entity4933 ) in a privately owned cytology laboratory. STUDY DESIGN: Data from 35,496 conventional Pap smear preparations performed in 1999 were compared to 6,357 conventional Pap smears and 15,534 AutoCyte @entity20219 cases that were collected, prepared and processed from January 1 to July 31, 2000. RESULTS: The AutoCyte @entity20219 demonstrated a statistically significant increased detection of @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) (47%) (P = .0011) and @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) (116%) (P = .0002) when compared to conventional Pap smears processed during the same time period. When compared to the conventional Pap smears from 1999, the @entity2784 lesions increased by 57% (P < .00001), and the @entity2784 increased by 55% (P = .0002). Both increases are statistically significant. The atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)/ @entity2784 ratio was reduced by 48% (P < .00001) using AutoCyte @entity20219 when compared to the 1999 conventional Pap smear experience. The unsatisfactory rate was reduced by 70%. AutoCyte @entity20219 demonstrated improved histologic correlation in @entity2784 cases. CONCLUSION: AutoCyte @entity20219 was significantly more effective than the conventional Pap smear for the detection of both @entity2784 and @entity2784 . The ASCUS/ @entity2784 ratio and unsatisfactory cases were also significantly reduced.

title: Direct-to-vial experience with AutoCyte XXXX in a small New England regional cytology practice.

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'LSIL', 'HSIL', 'HSIL lesions']

entities_list: @entity4933 :: ('MESH:C537835', 'Disease') :: ['Burlington, North Carolina']

answer: @entity20219 :: (5550,Gene) :: ['PREP']


abstract: RATIONALE: Experimental evidence indicates that the non-competitive @entity3391 ( @entity3391 ) receptor antagonist @entity3652 impairs cognition and can mimic certain aspects of positive and negative symptoms of @entity161 in rodents. @entity842 (NO) is considered as an intracellular messenger in the brain, and its abnormalities have been linked to @entity161 . OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to investigate the ability of the NO donor @entity1854 ( @entity4982 ) to counteract @entity161 -like behavioural deficits produced by @entity3652 in @entity35 . METHODS: The ability of @entity4982 to reverse @entity3652 -induced @entity2414 and social withdrawal were assessed using the novel object recognition task (NORT) and the social interaction test, respectively. Furthermore, since @entity148 are noted to occur commonly in schizophrenics, the effects of @entity4982 on @entity148 -like behaviour were examined using the light/dark test. Locomotor activity was also assessed as an independent measure of the potential motoric effects of this NO donor. RESULTS: @entity4982 (0.3 and 1  mg/kg) reversed @entity3652 (3  mg/kg)-induced short-term recognition @entity2414 . @entity4982 (1  mg/kg) counteracted the @entity3652 (8  mg/kg)-induced social isolation in the social interaction test. The anxiolytic-like effects in the light/dark test of @entity4982 (1  mg/kg) cannot be attributed to changes in locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings illustrate a functional interaction between the nitrergic and glutamatergic system that may be of relevance for @entity161 -like behavioural deficits. The data also suggest a role of NO in @entity148 .

title: The @entity842 donor @entity1854 attenuates recognition @entity2414 and social withdrawal produced by the @entity3391 receptor antagonist XXXX and induces anxiolytic-like behaviour in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['NMDA', 'N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In @entity1 with @entity697 involving the arch and the descending aorta (AADA DeBakey type I), performing a total aortic arch replacement with the frozen @entity16871 trunk (FET) procedure for supposedly better long-term results is still controversial. METHODS: From February 2004 to April 2016, 94 @entity1 with AADA DeBakey type I had an FET procedure (80% @entity1 , age 58        12 years). During the early period (Group 1, 2004-10), the FET technique was performed using non-branched grafts. Thirty-two percent (9/28) underwent concomitant aortic valve-sparing root procedures. More recently (Group 2, 2010-16), branched FET grafts were used in 66 @entity1 (76% @entity1 , age: 56        12 years). Fifty-six percent (37/66) underwent concomitant aortic valve-sparing root procedures. RESULTS: @entity1 showed a high rate of @entity751 (Group 1: 29% vs Group 2: 38%, P   =   0.48). In-hospital mortality was 12% (Group 1: 21% vs Group 2: 9%, P   =   0.17). @entity64 and rethoracotomy for @entity548 occurred in 15% (Group 1: 11% vs Group 2: 17%) and 20% (Group 1: 21% vs Group 2: 20%; P   =   1.00) of @entity1 , respectively. Postoperative recurrent @entity129 and @entity1566 rates were 18% (Group 1: 14% vs Group 2: 20%) and 5% (Group 1: 7% vs Group 2: 5%; P   =   0.63). During follow-up, 11 @entity1 (12%) required reoperation on the downstream aorta (open surgical: n   =   6/94, 6%, endovascular: n   =   5/94; 5%). Survival tended to be superior in Group 2 (5 years: Group 1: 68% vs Group 2: 80%; P   =   0.17). CONCLUSIONS: The FET procedure improves short- and long-term outcome, especially for AADA DeBakey I with malperfusion.

title: Total aortic arch replacement with the frozen XXXX trunk procedure in acute DeBakey type I aortic dissections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['malperfusion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity16871 :: (99490,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Screening for @entity5 based on testing for @entity1082 ) increases the sensitivity of detection of high-grade (grade 2 or 3) @entity3146 , but whether this gain represents overdiagnosis or protection against future high-grade cervical @entity5 or @entity5 is unknown. METHODS: In a population-based screening program in Sweden, 12,527 @entity1 32 to 38 years of age were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to have an HPV test plus a Papanicolaou ( @entity975 ) test (intervention group) or a @entity975 test alone (control group). @entity1 with a positive HPV test and a normal @entity975 test result were offered a second HPV test at least 1 year later, and those who were found to be persistently infected with the same high-risk type of HPV were then offered colposcopy with cervical biopsy. A similar number of double-blinded @entity975 smears and colposcopies with biopsy were performed in randomly selected @entity1 in the control group. Comprehensive registry data were used to follow the @entity1 for a mean of 4.1 years. The relative rates of grade 2 or 3 @entity3146 or @entity5 detected at enrollment and at subsequent screening examinations were calculated. RESULTS: At enrollment, the proportion of @entity1 in the intervention group who were found to have lesions of grade 2 or 3 @entity3146 or @entity5 was 51% greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 13 to 102) than the proportion of @entity1 in the control group who were found to have such lesions. At subsequent screening examinations, the proportion of @entity1 in the intervention group who were found to have grade 2 or 3 lesions or @entity5 was 42% less (95% CI, 4 to 64) and the proportion with grade 3 lesions or @entity5 was 47% less (95% CI, 2 to 71) than the proportions of control @entity1 who were found to have such lesions. @entity1 with persistent @entity1083 remained at high risk for grade 2 or 3 lesions or @entity5 after referral for colposcopy. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of an HPV test to the @entity975 test to screen @entity1 in their mid-30s for @entity5 reduces the incidence of grade 2 or 3 @entity3146 or @entity5 detected by subsequent screening examinations. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00479375 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).

title: XXXX and Papanicolaou tests to screen for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'epithelial neoplasia', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared with @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ), sensor-augmented pump (SAP) insulin therapy may reduce glycemic variability and oxidative stress in type 1 @entity6 in a glycosylated hemoglobin ( @entity3916 )-independent manner. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The STAR 3 study compared SAP with @entity2794 therapy for 1 year. Week-long continuous @entity413 monitoring studies were conducted at baseline and 1 year for assessment of glycemic variability in both groups. Soluble @entity11603 ( @entity11603 ), a biomarker of @entity32 and thrombocyte function, was measured at baseline and 1 year. Subjects were classified according to treatment group and 1-year @entity3916 levels (<6.5%, 6.5-6.9%, 7-7.9%, >= 8%). Glycemic parameters were compared between SAP and @entity2794 subjects in each @entity3916 cohort. RESULTS: At 1 year, sensor @entity413 values at @entity3916 levels >= 6.5% were similar in the SAP and @entity2794 groups. However, sensor @entity413 SD and coefficient of variation (CV) values were lower at @entity3916 levels <8% among SAP than among @entity2794 subjects; the overall between-group difference was significant for both SD (P<0.01) and CV (P=0.01). The overall mean amplitude of glycemic excursion was similar in @entity2794 and SAP groups (P=0.23). @entity11603 levels fell over the course of the study in both groups, but the between-group difference was not significant (P=0.18). @entity11603 concentrations were unrelated to @entity3916 , change in @entity3916 from baseline, or glycemic variability. CONCLUSIONS: At comparable @entity3916 levels of <8%, SAP reduced glycemic variability as measured by SD and CV compared with @entity2794 . SAP may provide beneficial reductions in the number and severity of glycemic excursions.

title: Effects of sensor-augmented pump therapy on glycemic variability in well-controlled type 1 XXXX in the STAR 3 study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'multiple daily injections']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: High charge and energy (HZE) particles are a main hazard of the space radiation environment. Uncertainty regarding their health effects is a limiting factor in the design of @entity1 exploration-class space missions, that is, missions beyond low earth orbit. Previous work has shown that HZE exposure increases @entity5 risk and elicits other @entity1240 -like phenomena in animal models. Here, we investigate how a single exposure to HZE particle radiation, early in life, influences the subsequent age-dependent evolution of oxidative stress and appearance of degenerative tissue changes. Embryos of the laboratory model organism, @entity7021 ( @entity7021 fish), were exposed to HZE particle radiation at doses overlapping the range of anticipated @entity1 exposure. A separate cohort was exposed to reference y-radiation. Survival was monitored for 750 days, well beyond the median lifespan. The population was also sampled at intervals and liver tissue was subjected to histological and molecular analysis. HZE particle radiation dose and @entity1240 contributed synergistically to accumulation of lipid peroxidation products, which are a marker of chronic oxidative stress. This was mirrored by a decline in @entity57378 mRNA, which encodes a transcriptional co-activator required for expression of oxidative stress defense genes and for mitochondrial maintenance. Consistent with chronic oxidative stress, mitochondria had an elongated and enlarged ultrastructure. Livers also had distinctive, @entity5409 . Depending on the endpoint, effects of y-rays in the same dose range were either lesser or not detected. Results provide a quantitative and qualitative framework for understanding relative contributions of HZE particle radiation exposure and @entity1240 to chronic oxidative stress and @entity528 .

title: Synergistic effect of high charge and energy particle radiation and chronological age on biomarkers of oxidative stress and XXXX : a ground-based study using the vertebrate laboratory model organism @entity7021 .

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['tissue degeneration']

entities_list: @entity7021 :: ('8090', 'Species') :: ['Oryzias latipes', 'Japanese medaka']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['tissue degeneration']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe an underrecognized EEG phenomenon in critically ill @entity1 undergoing continuous EEG monitoring (cEEG). We named these EEG patterns @entity4457 ( @entity4457 ). METHODS: We reviewed 150 consecutive @entity1 undergoing cEEG during a 9-month period and compared those with and without @entity4457 . @entity4457 were defined as periodic, rhythmic, or ictal-appearing discharges that were consistently induced by alerting stimuli. RESULTS: We identified 33 @entity1 with @entity4457 (22%). SIRPID patterns included periodic @entity302 in 21 @entity1 (nine lateralized) and rhythmic patterns with evolution that fulfilled criteria for ictal discharges in 18 @entity1 (12 unilateral). Eight @entity1 had prior @entity302 ; 24 had @entity131 . Half the @entity1 (17 of 33) had @entity410 , clinical or subclinical, during the acute illness in addition to @entity4457 , and half (16 of 33) did not. No significant difference was found in the incidence of clinical @entity410 in @entity1 with @entity4457 (30%) compared with those without (45%). Clinical @entity159 was more common in @entity1 with focal (43%) or ictal-appearing (33%) @entity4457 than in those without @entity4457 (17%). CONCLUSIONS: Rhythmic, periodic, or ictal-appearing EEG patterns are commonly elicited by stimulation in critically ill, encephalopathic @entity1 . Recording video, documenting @entity1 stimulation, or repetitively examining @entity1 during cEEG is necessary to recognize these patterns and to differentiate @entity4457 from spontaneous @entity410 . Further research is necessary to determine the pathophysiologic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance of @entity4457 .

title: Stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges ( XXXX ): a common EEG phenomenon in the critically ill.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute brain injury']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['SIRPIDs', 'stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['SIRPIDs']


abstract: The effects of acute stressor exposure on proximal (growth hormone [GH]) and distal (insulin-like growth factor-I [IFG-I] and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins [IFGBPs]) components of the somatotropic axis are poorly understood in finfish. @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) were exposed to a 5-min handling disturbance to mimic an acute stressor episode, and levels of plasma GH, @entity29114 , and IGFBPs at 0, 1, 4, and 24 h post-stressor exposure were measured. An unstressed group was also sampled at the same clock times (09:00, 10:00, 13:00, and 08:00 [the following day]) as acute stress sampling to determine temporal changes in the above somatotropic axis components. The acute stressor transiently elevated plasma @entity701 and @entity413 levels at 1 and 4 h post-stressor exposure, whereas no changes were seen in the unstressed group. Plasma GH levels were not affected by handling stress or sampling time in the unstressed animals. Plasma @entity29114 levels were significantly depressed at 1 and 4 h post-stressor exposure, but no discernible temporal pattern was seen in the unstressed animals. Using a western ligand blotting technique, we detected plasma IGFBPs of 21, 32, 42, and 50 kDa in size. The plasma levels of the lower-molecular-weight IGFBPs (21 and 32 kDa) were unaffected by handling stressor, nor were there any discernible temporal patterns in the unstressed animals. By contrast, the higher-molecular-weight IGFBPs (42 and 50 kDa) were affected by stress or time of sampling. Levels of the 42-kDa IGFBP levels significantly decreased over the sampling period in unstressed control animals, but this temporal drop was eliminated in stressed animals. Levels of the 50-kDa IGFBPs also decreased significantly over the sampling time in unstressed trout, whereas handling disturbance transiently increased levels of this IGFBP at 1 h but not at 4 and 24 h post-stressor exposure compared with the control group. Overall, our results suggest that acute stress adaptation involves modulation of plasma @entity29114 and high-molecular-mass IGFBP levels (42 and 50 kDa) in @entity5660 .

title: Acute handling disturbance modulates plasma insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in @entity5660 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'Rainbow trout', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Restricted and @entity146 are a core feature of @entity72 . This descriptive study documented the presence of restricted and @entity146 in 85 toddlers with @entity72 as they interacted with their caregiver in a play interaction. For each @entity1 restricted and repetitive behavior, a caregiver response/non-response was coded. Caregiver responses were rated as successful or unsuccessful. In all, 83 toddlers demonstrated at least one restricted and repetitive behavior in 10   min. The most common @entity1 restricted and repetitive behavior was repetitive object use with 72 @entity1 displaying at least one instance of this category of restricted and repetitive behavior. Overall, caregivers responded to fewer than half of their @entity1 's restricted and @entity146 , and caregiver response varied by @entity1 restricted and repetitive behavior type. The most common response was redirection. Success varied by @entity1 restricted and repetitive behavior type and caregiver response-redirections were most successful for @entity1 verbal and motor restricted and @entity146 , whereas physical or verbal responses were rated more successful for repetitive object use and visual restricted and @entity146 . This study represents the first attempt to characterize how caregivers respond to restricted and @entity146 . Toddlers with @entity72 are already demonstrating a variety of restricted and @entity146 within the context of a free play sessions, and caregivers differentially and naturally respond to them.

title: Characterizing caregiver responses to restricted and @entity146 in toddlers with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['repetitive behaviors']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorder']


abstract: Genomic amplification is observed in many, if not all, types of @entity1 @entity5 and is one of the mechanisms for the activation of dominant-acting oncogenes in tumorigenesis. In the present study, three amplified restriction fragments were identified in an @entity420 (P16) using the restriction landmark genome scanning two-dimensional gel technique. These fragments were cloned, sequenced, and mapped to chromosome band 14q13. Using the sequence tagged site-amplification mapping approach, we defined the core-amplified domain by screening 75 normal- @entity5 paired esophageal samples. The frequency of 14q13 amplification is 6.7% in @entity5 , and the amplicon spans >6 Mb in 1 @entity5 but is contained in a region <0.3 Mb in all of the remaining amplified @entity5 . Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) of 8 genes and expressed sequence tags located within the core-amplified domain revealed that the @entity9323 ( @entity9323 )(4) gene, a forkhead gene family member, was overexpressed in all of the amplified @entity5 . @entity9323 amplification was confirmed by Southern blot and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses, and the results of real-time RT-PCR were consistent with that of the regular quantitative RT-PCR. Increased immunohistochemical nuclear staining of the @entity9323 protein was detected in all of the @entity5 containing 14q13 amplification. Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays of 86 @entity2220 demonstrated that expression of the @entity9323 mRNA was elevated (> or =2.5-fold of mean expression in normal lung) in 37% (32 of 86) of the @entity5 analyzed. Gene amplification of @entity9323 was detected in 2 of the 5 overexpressed @entity2 examined. This is the first report of @entity9323 amplification, and overexpression in esophageal and @entity2220 . Amplification of @entity9323 in esophageal and @entity2 may suggest a potential oncogenic role for this gene in tumorigenesis.

title: The hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 alpha gene, XXXX ( @entity9323 ), on chromosome band 14q13 is amplified and overexpressed in esophageal and @entity2220 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancy', 'esophageal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity9323 :: (3169,Gene) :: ['HNF3alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical findings in @entity387 ( @entity387 ) and primary snoring are not only of diagnostic but also of therapeutic relevance because clinical findings may be used for the selection of surgical interventions such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), maxillofacial surgery or radiofrequency induced surgical alternatives. We developed a standardized protocol for clinical examination of the upper airway using pictograms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To determine the interinvestigators variability various parameters such as length of the uvula, position of tongue base, Angle-classification, webbing of posterior pillar and tonsil size were assessed by a number of residents and an assistant professor for Otorhinolaryngology and sleep medicine simultaneously. RESULTS: 95 @entity1 (81 male and 14 female) with a mean age of 47.0 +/- 1.21 years, a Body-Mass-Index (BMI) of 27.2 +/- 0.46 kg/m2, and an @entity27 ( @entity27 ) of 17.7 +/- 2.4 were examined. The appearance of the uvula has only little variations between different investigators (corr.: 0.943). The interinvestigator variability is also low for position of tongue base (corr.: 0.931) and Angle-classification (corr.: 0.893). The results of tonsil size and webbing assessment seems to have a higher variability (corr.: 0.880 and 0.693). Statistical significance for all parameters was p=<0.0001. CONCLUSION: As to our knowledge, this is the first controlled study to record intraobserver variations of clinical findings of the upper airway. Standardized protocols are mandatory, and the variability of the measurements must be taken into account if results of different investigations must be compared or if changes after therapeutic interventions are to be investigated.

title: [Examiner variability of clinical findings in XXXX with @entity387 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Apnea-Hypopnea-Index', 'AHI']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep related breathing disorders', 'SRBD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess skeletal status in @entity565 female @entity1 after long-term oral corticosteroid (CS) therapy. METHODS: Eighty-two female @entity1 (25 with and 57 without @entity174 ; mean age 58.0+/-7.8 years) were compared with 999 females (821 controls without @entity174 , mean age 58.6+/-7.2 years and 178 females with previous @entity3604 , mean age 57.8+/-7.1 years). Mean age and years since menopause did not differ between @entity1 and controls. The duration of CS therapy was 8.4+/-7.3 years, and daily mean dose equivalent to prednison was 8.8+/-3.5 mg. Skeletal status was evaluated by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements at the heel using the Achilles system (Lunar, USA) which measures speed of sound (SOS (m/s)) and Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA (dB/MHz)). The Achilles software also calculates a stiffness index (SI (%)). The precision expressed using the root mean square coefficient of variation (RMS_CV%) was: 0.26% for SOS, 4.37% for BUA, and 2.13% for SI. RESULTS: @entity1 (all, with and without @entity174 ) had significantly lower QUS values than controls without @entity174 and their values did not differ significantly from controls with @entity174 . Controls with @entity174 had significantly lower QUS values than controls without @entity174 . There was no difference between @entity1 with and without @entity174 . The duration of the therapy did not influence skeletal variables in any group. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the discriminatory capability of calcaneal QUS for CS-treated @entity1 by calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUC). AUCs were: 0.70 for SOS, 0.68 for BUA and 0.70 for SI. CONCLUSIONS: In females with @entity565 on prolonged CS therapy, skeletal status is affected but does not differ from controls with @entity174 therefore CS therapy seems to be a risk factor for @entity3604 . Calcaneal QUS measurements can be a useful tool in the assessment of CS bone-side effects.

title: Skeletal status assessed by quantitative ultrasound at the calcaneus in females with XXXX on prolonged corticosteroid therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: Acute @entity788 is an unusual but recognized complication of percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the pancreas. As the pancreatic tail is located anterior to the left adrenal gland, percutaneous biopsy of a left adrenal mass via the anterior approach may result in needle passage through the tail of the pancreas with subsequent potential development of @entity788 . To evaluate this risk, we retrospectively reviewed 48 CT-directed percutaneous aspiration biopsies of left adrenal masses done between 1984 and 1989 at two institutions. Positioning of the @entity1 , the course of the needle, the number of needle passes, and the size of the needle were analyzed. Thirty-three (69%) of 48 biopsies of a left adrenal mass were performed by using the anterior approach. The pancreas was traversed by one or more needles in 32 of 33 cases. Biopsies were performed with 20- to 22-gauge needles, and the number of needle passes varied widely. The medical records of the 33 @entity1 in whom the anterior approach was used also were reviewed for complications. Acute @entity788 , which required 11-13 days of hospitalization, developed in two @entity1 (6%). None of the other 31 @entity1 suffered a complication. We conclude that the pancreatic tail is routinely traversed by the biopsy needle when biopsy of a left adrenal mass is done via the anterior approach and that severe acute @entity788 can occur as a result.

title: Percutaneous biopsy of left adrenal masses: prevalence of XXXX after anterior approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Sensory cues from male @entity35 , such as odours and vaginal-cervical stimulation (VCS), play a modulatory role in female @entity35 sexual behaviour. For example, exposure to male odours and VCS appears to be at least partially responsible for increases in sexual behaviour following repeated mating of @entity53 -primed female @entity35 . Although there is evidence that VCS influences sexual behaviour via a ligand-independent progestin receptor (PR)-dependent mechanism, the mechanism by which odours influence sexual behaviour is not known. We tested the hypothesis that, similar to VCS, the effects of male odours on sexual behaviour are mediated by @entity1871 receptors. Female @entity35 were injected with the progestin antagonist, @entity3927 , or oil vehicle and were then exposed to male-soiled bedding or clean bedding. Although exposure to male-soiled bedding resulted in higher levels of @entity5019 immunoreactivity in brain areas associated with female sexual behaviour, the progestin antagonist did not reduce this effect. Furthermore, there was minimal coexpression of odour-induced @entity5019 and progestin receptors in brain areas associated with female sexual behaviour. Together, these results suggest that the effects of male odours are not mediated by a PR-dependent mechanism. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that @entity2931 receptor (ER)-containing cells are involved in the effects of olfactory cues. Although there was virtually no coexpression of @entity12209 and odour-induced @entity5019 in brain areas associated with female sexual behaviour, exposure to male odours slightly increased the number of cells coexpressing ER(alpha) and odour-induced @entity5019 in the posterodorsal medial amygdala. Although, these results do not support the hypothesis that the effects of odours are mediated by a PR-dependent mechanism, they suggest that integration of male odours and hormonal cues may occur in ER(alpha)-containing cells in the posterodorsal medial amygdala.

title: Response to male odours in progestin receptor- and XXXX receptor-containing cells in female @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammation, which is a hallmark of @entity565 , is one of the main sources of oxidative stress in the @entity1 body. @entity1433 are powerful antioxidants that protect cells against the consequences of oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate whether @entity565 and @entity5203 monotherapy affect the total plasma @entity1432 pool in @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 60 @entity1 with @entity565 and 35 healthy controls participated in the study. Group I consisted of newly diagnosed @entity748 who did not have regular anti-asthmatic therapy previously. Group II consisted of @entity1 who had been undertaking @entity5203 monotherapy regularly for at least 4 months. Plasma @entity159 ( @entity159 ) and plasma total @entity1432 (PTT) were measured using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS: @entity565 @entity1 in both groups I and II had decreased median @entity159 levels compared with the control group (1.59 [interquartile range, 1.04-1.70] and 1.67 [1.50-1.75] vs. 2.98 [2.76-3.16] @entity22143 equiv./L, respectively;P <0.001). Group I had decreased PTT concentrations compared with the control group (0.18 [0.16-0.20] vs. 0.21 [0.19-0.22] mmol/L; P <0.001), and group II had similar PTT levels to the control group (0.20 [0.17-0.22] mmol/L; P >0.05). In addition, the median @entity159 and PTT levels for groups I and II were not statistically different (P >0.05). There was a positive correlation between @entity159 and PTT levels (rho = 0.38, P <0.05) in group I. CONCLUSION: In order to balance the oxidative stress, both @entity159 and PTT which are markers of the antioxidant system are reduced in @entity1 with @entity565 . @entity5203 monotherapy can limit oxidative stress and thus restore PTT levels but not @entity159 levels in asthmatic @entity1 .

title: Plasma total @entity1432 pool in @entity1 with XXXX : Modulation during @entity5203 monotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchial asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['total antioxidant status', 'TAS']

entities_list: @entity5203 :: ('MESH:C093875', 'Chemical') :: ['montelukast', 'Montelukast']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE @entity2695 ( @entity2695 ) are a very rare pathology that can present with persistent @entity51 that warrant surgical intervention. Given the relative rarity and difficulty in assessment, the authors sought to present a dedicated series of @entity2695 treated using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to provide insight into clinical decision making. METHODS A retrospective review of a single institution's experience with hypofractionated radiosurgery for SVH from 2004 to 2011 was conducted to determine the clinical and radiographic outcomes following SRS treatment. The authors report and analyze the treatment course of 5 @entity1 with 7 lesions, 2 of which were treated primarily by SRS. RESULTS Of the 5 @entity1 studied, 4 presented with a chief complaint of @entity158 refractory to conservative measures. Three @entity1 @entity809 , and 2 reported @entity425 . Following radiosurgery, 4 of 5 @entity1 exhibited improvement in their primary symptoms (3 for @entity158 and 1 for weakness), achieving a clinical response after a mean period of 1 year. In 2 cases there was 20%-40% reduction in lesion size in the most responsive dimension as noted on images. All treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS SRS for SVH is a safe and feasible treatment strategy, comparable to prior radiotherapy studies, and in select cases may successfully confer delayed decompressive effects. Additional investigation will determine future @entity1 selection and how conformal SRS treatment can best be administered.

title: CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of symptomatic XXXX : a single-institution experience.

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['SVHs', 'Symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['reported dysesthesias']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['upper-extremity weakness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['pain or neurological deficits']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['vertebral hemangiomas']


abstract: AIM: The aim of our study was to retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of @entity231 surgery and intraocular lens implantation (IOL) for @entity1 aged 90 years or older, whom we define as "very elderly." METHODS: The study involved a total number of 122 @entity1 (122 eyes) with senile @entity231 . The mean age of @entity1 was 91.2    2.3 years (range 90-100 years old). Phacoemulsification (phaco) was done on 113 of 122 eyes, and 9 of 122 eyes had extracapsular @entity231 extraction (ECCE). Postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) were analyzed on the first postoperative day, 3 months after surgery, and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 100 of 122 eyes (82.0%). BCVA remained the same in 20 of 122 eyes (16.4%) and decreased in 2 of 122 eyes (1.6%), mainly because of coexisting @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). The BCVA 3 months after surgery was >= 0.8 in 23 of 122 eyes (18.9%), between 0.5 and 0.7 in 28 of 122 eyes (22.3%), and between 0.2 and 0.4 in 33 of 122 eyes (27.1%). We found significant implications of @entity231 surgery on decreasing IOP in the studied group of @entity1 suffering from @entity726 compared to the @entity1 without @entity726 . CONCLUSION: Advanced age is not a contraindication for @entity231 surgery. The results of the study showed that when systemic conditions are stable, both phaco and ECCE with IOL for very elderly @entity1 are effective and safe.

title: Results of XXXX surgery in the very elderly population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apoptosis is a necessary process to control cell numbers in multicellular organisms. In many chronic inflammatory diseases, reduced cell death of different types of granulocytes is one important mechanism for cell accumulation. Here, we studied the role of caspases in neutrophil and eosinophil apoptosis in the presence or absence of granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor and anti-CD95 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. METHODS: Granulocytes were isolated from @entity1 blood using standard protocols. Immunoblot and functional studies with cell-permeable specific peptide inhibitors were performed to analyze caspase involvement. Fas receptor and @entity12 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting. Cell death was analyzed by @entity5611 exclusion test. RESULTS: @entity42977 are critically involved in the regulation of neutrophil apoptosis in vitro. In contrast, these two caspases did not appear to play a major role in the regulation of eosinophil apoptosis. However, the broad-range caspase inhibitor VAD prevented @entity204 , indicating that caspases are also involved within the apoptotic machinery of eosinophils. Functional inhibitor studies suggested that @entity8187 is crucial for both @entity522 and 8 activation, at least in neutrophils. In contrast, spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils or eosinophils is unlikely to be the consequence of @entity12 /Fas receptor molecular interactions. CONCLUSION: The data of this study indicate differences in the usage of caspases between neutrophils and eosinophils.

title: Critical role for XXXX in neutrophil but not eosinophil apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophil death']

answer: @entity42977 :: (836;841,Gene) :: ['caspases 3 and 8']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 )-oriented stepwise treatment under local anesthesia has been performed in the outpatient-ambulatory setting in @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). We retrospectively reviewed our preliminary experience of ambulatory @entity1600 in @entity0 @entity1 scheduled to undergo NAT to evaluate the usefulness and feasibility of this method as a minimally invasive, stepwise treatment protocol. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 56 @entity1 with @entity0 without obvious nodal involvement who were scheduled to receive NAT before breast surgery. @entity1600 was performed under local anesthesia in an ambulatory outpatient setting before the initiation of NAT. RESULTS: The average number of removed sentinel lymph nodes was 1.9. Identification of the sentinel node was possible in all cases, and macrometastasis was observed in six cases (10.7%). @entity3944 was observed in five cases, while @entity5 cells were noted in six cases. There were no delays in the initiation of NAT as a result of complications of @entity1600 . CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of ambulatory @entity1600 prior to NAT. Further studies are warranted to assess the strict indications, @entity1 satisfaction, and medical economics of this procedure.

title: Ambulatory sentinel lymph node biopsy preceding neoadjuvant therapy in XXXX with operable @entity0 : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SNB', 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy']

entities_list: @entity3944 :: ('MESH:D061206', 'Disease') :: ['Micrometastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Many microdeletion and contiguous gene-deletion syndromes include @entity1032 as a clinical feature. We have developed MultiFISH, a FISH assay using several probes to simultaneously screen for multiple microdeletion syndromes in @entity1 who present with unexplained @entity1032 . This screening tool can be used to determine whether a particular microdeletion syndrome is involved in the etiology of these clinical phenotypes. In this pilot study we combined probes for the commonly deleted regions of @entity6038 , @entity5427 , Smith-Magenis, and @entity52375 in a single hybridization. The probes were differentially labeled, allowing multicolor detection, and 200 individual samples were screened in a blinded fashion. For all @entity1 found by MultiFISH to have deletions, the deletions were originally identified and/or later confirmed by use of single-probe FISH analysis in our diagnostic cytogenetics laboratory. One @entity1 , who was referred for @entity245 and was shown to have a normal G-banded karyotype, was identified by MultiFISH as having a micro-deletion at the DiGeorge/velocardiofacial commonly deleted region. Forty-six of the 200 total samples were tested for microdeletions by use of single FISH probes in the diagnostic laboratory. Ten of these cases were found to have deletions, and all deletions were subsequently detected by use of MultiFISH screen performed in a blinded fashion. Additionally, for all 200 @entity1 tested by use of MultiFISH, no false-positive deletion results were observed. We demonstrate the ability of this technique to scan for and to identify microdeletions in a proportion of @entity1 whose routine karyotype appears normal yet who are @entity1032 and/or developmentally delayed.

title: Simultaneous, multilocus FISH analysis for detection of microdeletions in the diagnostic evaluation of @entity245 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['devleopmental delay and/or mental retardation', 'mental retardation', 'mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity5427 :: ('MESH:D017204', 'Disease') :: ['Angelman, Williams']

entities_list: @entity52375 :: ('MESH:C563337', 'Disease') :: ['DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndromes']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['Prader-Willi']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental retardation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate changes in echogenicity of @entity99 during the Valsalva maneuver. METHODS: We examined 16 @entity409 in 12 @entity1 with a mean diameter of 1.5 cm (range, 0.7-2.2 cm), which showed variations in echogenicity during the Valsalva maneuver. Two radiologists reviewed the sonographic (US) images of the @entity2695 at three different times: prior to the Valsalva maneuver, during the Valsalva maneuver, and on follow-up US examinations. RESULTS: Prior to Valsalva maneuver, the 16 @entity2695 appeared as hypoechoic nodules with an echogenic rim (n = 7), homogeneously echogenic nodules (n = 5), one hypoechoic nodule with sound-through enhancement, one heterogeneous nodule with a hyperechoic rim, one heterogeneous nodule, and one echogenic nodule with a hyperechoic rim. During the Valsalva maneuver, increased echogenicity was observed in 11 cases, as a diffuse increase in 5 cases, and as a partial increase in 6. Prior to the Valsalva maneuver, 9 of 16 @entity2695 exhibited an echogenic rim. During the maneuver, all the rims were accentuated, and an additional five @entity2695 exhibited an echogenic rim. Throughout follow-up, 12 of 15 @entity2695 underwent some echogenicity change. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the Valsalva maneuver during US examination of the liver can increase the echogenicity of @entity99 and accentuate the echogenic rim, which could enhance the operator's confidence in the diagnosis of @entity2695 .    2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2017.

title: Changes in echogenicity of XXXX during the valsalva maneuver.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic hemangiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to evaluate serum levels of high-sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP) in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between April 2005 and March 2006, a total of 231 consecutive adult habitual snorers underwent polysomnography (PSG) in the sleep laboratory. Ninety-seven subjects were found suitable for hs-CRP measurement after application of the following exclusion criteria: @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity453 , @entity2012 , @entity1375 , @entity177 , @entity712 , or smoking history, @entity1 who were pregnant, on @entity134 treatment, on hormone replacement therapy, or with chronic use of drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, oral anticoagulants and lipid-lowering drugs and @entity1 having undergone upper airway surgery. @entity1 were classified as apneic [ @entity386 - @entity387 index (AHI)>5], @entity28 non-apneic [body mass index (BMI)>25, AHI<5] and @entity28 non-apneic (BMI<25, AHI<5). @entity1851 levels were measured in stored sera by high-sensitivity enzyme immunoassay (Biocheck, Inc. Foster City, CA, USA). After checking normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and using a square-root transformation, Pearson's and partial correlation coefficients were calculated for identified risk factors and confounders. A multiple linear regression model was used to identify variables that were independently associated with hs-CRP. RESULTS: The mean serum levels of hs-CRP were found to be 0.25+/-0.23, 0.58+/-0.55, and 0.51+/-0.37 mg/dl in @entity28 non-apneics (n=23), @entity28 non-apneics (n=45) and apneics ( @entity28 and @entity28 , n=29), respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient of hs-CRP with BMI was found to be 0.25 (p=0.01), and with AHI 0.16 (p=0.12). Partial correlation analysis showed that hs-CRP levels correlated significantly with BMI after adjustment for AHI and age (r=0.22, p=0.03), while correlation with disease severity as assessed by AHI after adjustment for BMI and age was not significant (r=0.10, p=0.33). After stepwise multiple linear regression, only BMI was found to be significantly associated with serum hs-CRP levels (beta=0.02, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this first comprehensive cross-sectional study on Indian subjects, we found that @entity28 , and @entity27 , is associated with elevated serum levels of hs-CRP. No independent correlation was found between severity of @entity27 and hs-CRP in the present study.

title: Obesity, and @entity27 , is responsible for increased serum hs-CRP levels in XXXX with sleep-disordered breathing in Delhi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese', 'obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'not obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. The modulation of non- @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor-mediated whole cell currents and of glutamatergic synaptic transmission by purified Evans Blue (EB) was investigated in @entity35 cultured postnatal hippocampal neurones by use of patch clamp recordings and a fast drug application system. 2. Three different groups of neurones could be distinguished with respect to the type of modulation obtained with 10 microM EB: EB was either a predominant inhibitor of desensitization (13% of the neurones), a predominant inhibitor of current amplitudes (42%) or a mixed inhibitor of both properties (45%). Both effects were not use-dependent and reached maximal levels after 30 s of pre-equilibration with the @entity37531 dye. 3. Dose-response curves obtained from @entity2227 activated whole cell currents yielded an IC50 value for EB of 13.3 microM (Hill coefficient: 1.3) for the inhibition of desensitization, and an IC50 value of 10.7 microM (Hill coefficient: 1.2) for the inhibition of current amplitudes. 4. Chicago acid SS (100 microM) which is one of the synthesis precursors of EB had no effect on current amplitudes of @entity2227 activated whole cell currents but was a weak inhibitor of desensitization in all hippocampal neurones investigated, irrespective of the type of modulation obtained with EB in the same neurone. 5. Oxidatively modified EB (the so-called @entity57955 (10 microM)) had no effect on the kinetics but was a partial inhibitor of @entity2227 -activated whole cell currents in all hippocampal neurones investigated. 6. EB (10 microM) inhibited the amplitudes of non- @entity143 receptor mediated autaptic currents to the same extent (to 39 +/- 19% of control) as observed for @entity2227 activated whole cell currents (to 41 +/- 17% and 56 +/- 20%). However, the decay of the autaptic responses remained uninfluenced upon EB application, indicating that either receptor desensitization does not dominate the time course of the synaptic response or that the non- @entity143 receptors sensitive to modulation of desensitization by EB are not present in the postsynaptic membrane. 7. In conclusion, EB differentially modulates @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptor gating in different subsets of neurones. Upon identification of the cellular determinants for the differential modulation (e.g. @entity140 receptor subunit composition) EB could become a useful tool to investigate receptor subtypes during electrophysiological recordings.

title: Differential modulation of @entity140 receptor mediated currents by evans blue in postnatal XXXX hippocampal neurones.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl -4-isoxazole propionic acid', 'AMPA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The chronic administration of @entity1068 or brief exposure to @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) decreases the activity of hepatic @entity1853 synthase and disrupts normal metabolic processes that require @entity1501 and @entity2186 . This combination of drugs has clinical relevance since @entity988 @entity1 often require surgery and receive @entity3727 as a component of their anesthetic. To assess this clinical problem using a rodent model, @entity35 were given a liquid @entity1068 diet (35% of calories as @entity1068 ) and control @entity35 were pair-fed a liquid diet with @entity1735 substituting for the caloric content of @entity1068 . After receiving liquid diets for 6 weeks, @entity35 were exposed to 60% @entity3727 /40% O2 for 6 hr. Urinary excretions of @entity5189 and @entity59496 ( @entity59496 ) were used as indirect markers of @entity1501 status. In both the @entity1068 -fed and control groups, excretion of @entity5189 and FIGLU markedly increased the first day after @entity3727 and returned towards background values by the second day after @entity3727 exposure. @entity1068 treatment alone decreased @entity1853 synthase activities in liver, but not kidney or brain. Exposure to @entity3727 further decreased @entity1853 synthase activities, and recovery of @entity1853 synthase activity after @entity3727 occurred over a period of 4 days at the same rate in both the @entity1068 -fed and control groups. @entity1068 treatment for 6 weeks combined with acute exposure to @entity3727 did not deplete the @entity35 of @entity2186 in blood, liver, kidney, or brain. We conclude that in this animal model, chronic treatment with @entity1068 does not markedly exacerbate the disturbances in @entity1501 / @entity2186 metabolism caused by brief exposure to @entity3727 .

title: @entity2186 and @entity1501 status in @entity35 after chronic administration of @entity1068 and acute exposure to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic']

entities_list: @entity59496 :: ('MESH:D005565', 'Chemical') :: ['FIGLU', 'formiminoglutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: Embolization plays a major role in the management of @entity2758 and fistulae on one hand, and of @entity1211 and @entity3609 on the other hand. The treatment of arteriovenous fistulae today resorts to a primarily endovascular technique including the insertion under controlled flow of a releasable balloon or of a metallic coil positioned in the area of the @entity292 . Of course, this is possible only if there is a gap between the arterial and venous pathways. When the vessels are in direct contact, surgery must be preferred. In cases of @entity2758 , @entity887 currently plays a great role; either it is performed with particles in the immediate preoperative period, two or three days before surgery, or as a definitive curative treatment with a polymerizing substance applied in situ. The use of flexible microcatheters allows penetrating into most of these @entity1462 and scattering polymerizing material all over the shunting areas. This is possible for superficial @entity600 , as is now performed, for instance, for brain AVMs. This @entity887 obviously can be contemplated only after a decision to treat these @entity600 has been made, knowing that they may be silent or acquire an uncontrollable evolution potential. This therefore is a collegial decision. As far as @entity1211 and @entity3609 are concerned, the greatest basic therapeutic means today is direct puncture and the in situ injection of a fibrosing substance under angiographic monitoring: the use of Ethibloc or, failing this, of absolute @entity167 , has dramatically transformed the prognosis of these @entity600 , for which the surgical difficulties are well known (easy @entity397 , blood that often fails to coagulate, life-long progressive evolution).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Superficial and peripheral @entity1462 . Role of interventional radiology and of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lymphangiomas']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous hemangiomas', 'venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolization']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the intervention effect of nourishing @entity7681 and Shen method (NXSM) on the cognitive function of mild @entity73 due to @entity6249 (MCI-SSVD). METHODS: All 54 MCI-SSVD @entity1 came from Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University from June 2010 to August 2013. They were randomly assigned to the treatment group (28 cases) and the control group (26 cases). Another 33 volunteers were recruited as a healthy control group. On the basis of targeting risk factors of blood vessels, MCI-SSVD @entity1 were treated respectively with NXSM and @entity8124 , with the therapeutic course of 12 weeks. Neuropsychological scales [mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA)], and Chinese medical @entity303 scales were performed in all subjects, and results were compared among groups or intra-group before and after treatment. RESULTS: MMSE and MoCA scores of the two treatment groups decreased more, when compared with those of the healthy control group (P < 0.05). In particular, MoCA score was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). MMSE and MoCA scores of the two treatment groups increased more after treatment than before treatment (P < 0.05). But there was no statistical difference in MMSE or MOCA score after treatment between the two groups (P > 0.05). Chinese medical @entity303 scales decreased more significantly in the treatment group, when compared with before treatment (P < 0.01). But there was no statistical difference in Chinese medical @entity303 scales in the control group between before and after treatment (P > 0.05). Visual spatial and executive function scores or delayed recall scores of the two treatment groups increased more, when compared with the same group before treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: NXSM could effectively improve cognitive functions of MCI-SSVD.

title: [Nourishing XXXX and Shen method improved mild @entity73 due to @entity6249 : a clinical study].

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil hydrochloride']

answer: @entity7681 :: (165904,Gene) :: ['Xin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transhiatal and transthoracic esophagectomy are common approaches for esophageal resection. The literature is limited regarding the combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic approach to esophagectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy for the treatment of benign and @entity1208 . STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective chart review of 46 consecutive minimally invasive esophagectomies performed between August 1998 and September 2002. Indications for esophagectomy were @entity189 (n = 38), @entity355 with high-grade @entity1141 (n = 3), and recalcitrant stricture (n = 5). Of 38 @entity1 with @entity189 23 (61%) had neoadjuvant therapy. The main outcome measures were operative time, @entity190 , length of intensive care unit and hospital stay, conversion rate, morbidity, mortality, pathology, disease recurrence, and survival. RESULTS: Approaches to esophagectomy were thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy (n = 41), thoracoscopic and laparoscopic Ivor Lewis resection (n = 3), abdominal only laparoscopic esophagogastrectomy (n = 1), and hand-assisted laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy (n = 1). Minimally invasive esophagectomy was successfully completed in 45 (97.8%) of 46 @entity1 . The mean operative time was 350 +/- 75 minutes and the mean @entity190 was 279 +/- 184 mL. The median length of intensive care unit stay was 2 days and median length of stay was 8 days. Major complications occurred in 17.4% of @entity1 and minor complications occurred in 10.8%. Late complications were seen in 26.1% of @entity1 . The overall mortality was 4.3%. Among the 38 @entity1 who underwent esophagectomy for @entity5 the 3-year survival was 57%. In a mean followup of 26 months there was no trocar site or neck wound recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: A thoracoscopic and laparoscopic approach to esophagectomy is technically feasible and safe for the treatment of benign and @entity1208 . With a mean followup of 26 months thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy appears to be an oncologically acceptable surgical approach for the treatment of @entity418 .

title: Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy for benign and XXXX : lessons learned from 46 consecutive procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['malignant esophageal disease']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: Our recent studies suggest that extracellular @entity935 (DA) in the cerebral cortex not only originates from dopaminergic terminals but is also coreleased with @entity1063 (NA) from noradrenergic terminals [Devoto et al. (2001) Mol Psychiatry 6:657-664]. To further clarify this issue, the concentrations of extracellular DA, its deaminated metabolite, @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ), and NA were compared by microdialysis in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), an area densely innervated by NA and DA neurons, and in the occipital cortex (OCC), equally innervated by NA but receiving scarce DA projections. Moreover, the effect of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist @entity1338 locally perfused into the locus coeruleus (LC) on extracellular NA, DA, and @entity4925 in the mPFC, OCC, and ventral striatum was investigated. Consistent with the homogeneous NA innervation, extracellular NA concentration was similar in both cortices, while extracellular DA in the OCC, in spite of the scarce DA afference in this area, was only 37% lower than in the mPFC; extracellular @entity4925 in the OCC was 81% lower than in the mPFC. Consistent with its ability to inhibit NA neurons, @entity1338 (10 microM) reduced extracellular NA by about 65 and 80% in the OCC and the mPFC, respectively, but also reduced extracellular DA by 70 and 50% in the OCC and the mPFC, respectively. @entity1338 reduced @entity4925 in the OCC (by about 40%) but not in the mPFC. In the ventral striatum @entity1338 reduced NA (by 30%) but not DA and @entity4925 . After inhibition of the DA and NA transporter, by perfusing 100 microM @entity5829 into the mPFC, @entity1338 perfusion into the LC reduced extracellular NA and DA in the mPFC by about 50%. The results indicate that most of extracellular DA in the OCC and a significant portion in the mPFC reflect the activity of NA neurons and support the hypothesis that extracellular DA in the cerebral cortex may originate not only from DA but also from NA neurons.

title: Origin of extracellular @entity935 from @entity935 and XXXX neurons in the medial prefrontal and occipital cortex.

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', '3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desmethyl-imipramine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['noradrenaline']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tp-e/QT, the ratio of the interval between the peak and the end of T wave to the QT interval, is a novel index of arrhythmogenesis. We investigate Tp-e/QT and @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) in prehypertensive and normotensive @entity1 with different patterns of nocturnal blood pressure dipping. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-seven prehypertensive and 37 normotensive adult @entity1 were included. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring recording was performed and @entity1 were considered to be dipper if nocturnal blood pressure fall was at least 10%; nondipper if it was 0-10%; and reverse-dipper if less than 0%. Tp-e, QT intervals were assessed by 12-lead ECG and Tp-e/QT was calculated using these measurements. @entity1162 is defined as the difference between the maximum and the minimum QT interval of the 12 leads. RESULTS: Tp-e/QT was 0.22  0.02 and 0.16  0.01 in prehypertensives and normotensives, respectively (P<0.001), whereas cQTd was 36.1  6.8 and 27.2  5.2   ms (P<0.001). Tp-e and Tp-e/QT were the lowest in the dippers and the highest in the reverse-dippers in the prehypertensive group (Tp-e/QT dipper: 0.21  0.01; nondipper: 0.24  0.02; reverse-dipper: 0.25  0.01; for dipper-nondipper, and dipper-reverse-dipper P<0.05). However, in the normotensive group, dipping status had no effect on Tp-e/QT. There were no significant differences between dippers, nondippers, and reverse-dippers in terms of cQTd both in prehypertensives and in normotensives. There were no associations between left ventricular mass index and Tp-e, Tp-e/QT, and cQTd in both groups. CONCLUSION: Tp-e, Tp-e/QT, and cQTd are increased in prehypertensives compared with normotensives. Tp-e and Tp-e/QT are associated with the dipping status in prehypertensives.

title: Tp-e/QT ratio and XXXX with respect to blood pressure dipping pattern in prehypertension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QTd', 'QT dispersion']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['QT dispersion']


abstract: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging can characterize diffusion and perfusion of normal and diseased tissues, and IVIM parameters are authentically determined by using cumbersome least-squares method. We evaluated a simple technique for the determination of IVIM parameters using geometric analysis of the multiexponential signal decay curve as an alternative to the least-squares method for the diagnosis of @entity135 . Pure diffusion coefficients (D), microvascular volume fraction (f), perfusion-related incoherent microcirculation (D*), and perfusion parameter that is heavily weighted towards extravascular space (P) were determined geometrically (Geo D, Geo f, and Geo P) or by least-squares method (Fit D, Fit f, and Fit D*) in normal structures and 105 @entity135 . The IVIM parameters were compared for their levels and diagnostic abilities between the 2 techniques. The IVIM parameters were not able to determine in 14 @entity5 with the least-squares method alone and in 4 @entity5 with the geometric and least-squares methods. The geometric IVIM values were significantly different (p<0.001) from Fit values (+2  4% and -7  24% for D and f values, respectively). Geo D and Fit D differentiated between @entity706 and SCCs with similar efficacy (78% and 80% accuracy, respectively). Stepwise approaches using combinations of Geo D and Geo P, Geo D and Geo f, or Fit D and Fit D* differentiated between @entity5123 , @entity4724 , and @entity5 with the same efficacy (91% accuracy=21/23). However, a stepwise differentiation using Fit D and Fit f was less effective (83% accuracy=19/23). Considering cumbersome procedures with the least squares method compared with the geometric method, we concluded that the geometric determination of IVIM parameters can be an alternative to least-squares method in the diagnosis of @entity135 .

title: Simple and reliable determination of intravoxel incoherent motion parameters for the differential diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenomas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant salivary gland tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4724 :: ('MESH:D000235', 'Disease') :: ['Warthin tumors']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To discuss the usefulness of CT scan in initial management of well tolerated @entity130 and the place of tracheoscopy. METHODS: We report our experience of three cases treated for @entity397 resulting from three different mechanisms and review the literature. Three @entity1 , aged 4 to 10 years, were referred to our institution for @entity397 . Two of them presented with @entity9285 after a minor @entity130 , the third was a @entity1230 referred after a severe @entity11378 and was already intubated. We emphasise the importance of an initial CT scan, as this allowed us twice to confirm the tracheal wound prior to tracheoscopy. We discuss the necessity of performing a tracheoscopy in the case of a well tolerated lesion, as this procedure clearly worsened the ventilatory state in one of our cases. Moreover, one of our cases illustrates the fact that even a minor @entity130 can lead to life-threatening respiratory distress. All the lesions observed in our study were linear and were managed by thoracic drainage; they were then closely monitored and required no further surgical procedure. CONCLUSION: @entity397 in @entity1 can result from minor cervical @entity130 and in such cases special attention must be paid to mild discomfort or @entity9285 on admission. Initial CT scan can be very helpful in visualising the level of the @entity397 and its consequences with respect to the @entity358 . One can question the necessity for tracheoscopy in well tolerated lesion, as its results do not always improve the therapeutic outcome.

title: @entity130 by XXXX in @entity1 : is emergency tracheobronchoscopy always necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Tracheobronchial rupture', 'tracheobronchial rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['polytrauma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial injuries', 'traumas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1127 are a rare cause of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction in @entity1 . Preoperative US diagnosis of @entity1127 is infrequently reported, with intravenous pylogram and retrograde pyelography being most commonly used for diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To recommend the most accurate process for diagnosing this disease in @entity1 by assessing a modified ultrasonographic procedure for the diagnosis of @entity1127 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of US and IVP imaging studies performed in surgically and histologically confirmed cases of @entity1127 in @entity1 . Each @entity1 was asked to drink as much water as possible 30 min before the US testing. For US, the renal pelvis, UPJ and the proximal ureter were inspected for an echogenic mass resulting in @entity3041 . For IVP studies, abdominal plain films were performed at 7, 15 and 30 min following contrast injection. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 , 34 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , had confirmed @entity1127 . The @entity1 ranged in age from 3 to 14 years (mean age 9 years). Clinical presentation included intermittent vague @entity490 (100%) and/or @entity811 (9.7%) for a period ranging from 1 month to 5 years. Of the 35 @entity1 (37 @entity1127 ), 21 (23 @entity1127 ) were correctly diagnosed preoperatively with US, establishing a 62.2% (23/37) US accuracy rate. Twenty @entity1127 were seen on the left, three on the right and two @entity1 had bilateral @entity1127 . The masses were all mildly echogenic with defined edges. Eight @entity1 (9 @entity1127 ) had an IVP consistent with @entity1127 giving IVP an accuracy rate of 24.3% (9/37). CONCLUSION: US is an effective screening tool for identifying @entity1127 causing UPJ obstruction in @entity1 .

title: Utilizing ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pediatric XXXX causing ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'boys', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['fibroepithelial polyps', 'polyps', 'Fibroepithelial polyps']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['fibroepithelial polyps']


abstract: @entity60771 is a poorly water-soluble compound. It is formulated in @entity968 and encapsulated in softgel capsules. Although the drug product is stable at refrigerated conditions, many degradation peaks have been observed at accelerated storage conditions. An investigation utilizing high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was conducted to understand the degradation mechanism of the active pharmaceutical ingredient ( @entity60771 ) in @entity968 formulation. Results revealed that the degradation was mainly caused by the reaction between @entity60771 with moisture (hydrolysis) and @entity968 ( @entity970 ylation). The numerous degradation peaks observed in the samples stored at accelerated conditions were @entity970 adducts covalently attached to portions of the @entity60771 molecule, which were confirmed by comparison with synthetic markers. Investigation also found that an impurity, which was present in the @entity60771 drug substance, reacted with @entity968 following the same reaction mechanism, and generated additional impurities in the @entity60771 drug product. By changing the process for drug substance synthesis, pure batches of @entity60771 were obtained. Furthermore, it was found that the reaction between @entity60771 and @entity968 was temperature and time dependent. When the drug product was manufactured at 45 degrees C and the processing time was controlled, the @entity970 degradants and by-products were reduced to non-detectable levels, resulting in greatly improved drug product quality. This paper presents an integrated effort among analytical, process, and formulation scientists on how to develop a better drug product by understanding the fundamental issues of the drug product, namely the degradation mechanism.

title: Understanding the degradation pathway of a poorly water-soluble drug formulated in XXXX .

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['PEG-400']


abstract: @entity3218 ( @entity3218 ) has been implicated in the regulation of cell survival pathways and @entity3 , and is poorly expressed in @entity5 . We have reported that the NF-kappaB pathway regulates @entity5 resistance to apoptosis by the TNF-alpha family via inactivation of the transcription repressor @entity19767 ( @entity19767 ). We hypothesized that @entity3218 overexpression may regulate @entity5 sensitivity to death ligands via inhibition of @entity19767 and up-regulation of death receptors (DRs). The @entity2205 -resistant @entity263 PC-3 and @entity320 M202 cell lines were examined. Transfection with @entity2834 - @entity3218 , but not with control @entity2834 -EV, sensitized the cells to @entity2205 -mediated apoptosis. Treatment with @entity3218 small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited @entity2205 -induced apoptosis. @entity3218 overexpression was paralleled with up-regulation of @entity3049 transcription and expression; no change in @entity61177 , and @entity3051 expression; and inhibition of @entity19767 transcription and expression. Inhibition of @entity19767 by @entity19767 siRNA sensitized the cells to @entity2205 apoptosis concomitantly with @entity3049 up-regulation. @entity3218 overexpression inhibited several antiapoptotic gene products such as @entity9846 ( @entity9846 ), @entity1182 long, and @entity1836 (L) that were accompanied with mitochondrial membrane depolarization. @entity3218 overexpression in combination with @entity2205 resulted in the potentiation of these above effects and activation of caspases 8, 9, and 3, resulting in apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that @entity3218 overexpression regulates @entity5 cell sensitivity to @entity2205 via inhibition of @entity19767 , up-regulation of @entity3049 , and modulation of apoptotic pathways. We suggest that @entity3218 may serve as an immune surveillance @entity5 gene, and its low expression or absence in @entity5 allows the @entity5 to escape host immune cytotoxic effector cells.

title: Regulation of XXXX cell sensitivity to @entity2205 -induced apoptosis by the metastatic suppressor Raf kinase inhibitor protein via @entity19767 inhibition and @entity3049 up-regulation.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9846 :: ('331', 'Gene') :: ['XIAP', 'X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Gene') :: ['Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein', 'RKIP']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity2521 is a chronic @entity32 caused by specific bacteria and viruses. Local, systemic, and environmental factors affect the rate of disease progression. Immune responses to bacterial products, and the subsequent production of inflammatory cytokines, are crucial in the destruction of periodontal tissue. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that control various cell processes by negatively regulating protein-coding genes. In this study, we compared miRNA expression in inflamed and noninflamed gingival tissues from Japanese dental @entity1 . Total RNAs were isolated from inflamed and noninflamed gingival tissues. miRNA expression profiles were examined by an miRNA microarray, and the data were analyzed by GeneSpring GX, Ingenuity Pathways Analysis, and the TargetScan databases. Observed miRNA expression levels in inflamed gingiva were confirmed by real-time PCR. The three most overexpressed (by >2.72-fold) miRNAs were @entity6529 , @entity10019 , and hsa-miR-200b, and the three most underexpressed (by <0.39-fold) miRNAs were @entity46787 , hsa-miR-199a-5p, and @entity15453 . In IPA analysis, @entity6529 , @entity10019 , and hsa-miR-200b were associated with @entity32 , @entity130 , @entity66 , and @entity5 . The present findings suggest that miRNAs are associated with @entity2520 in Japanese. (J Oral Sci 56, 253-260, 2014).

title: MicroRNA expression in inflamed and noninflamed gingival tissues from Japanese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities, urological disease']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['Periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['organismal injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Adjustable Continence Therapy (ProACT) device, a new device for the treatment of male stress urinary @entity322 resulting from compromised sphincteric function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 64 males with post-prostatectomy @entity322 underwent ProACT implantation. Efficacy was assessed by means of a daily pad count, a direct visual stress test, administration of the Incontinence Quality of Life (IQOL) and @entity1 global impression (PGI) questionnaires and use of a visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess improvement in @entity322 . These assessments were performed at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure and annually thereafter. RESULTS: The pad count declined from a median of 5.2 at baseline to 2 at 6 months and to 1.54 at 12 months. The median baseline IQOL score was 31.7, and this improved to 62.5 at 6 months and to 71.1 at 12 months. In terms of postoperative daily pad usage, 43 @entity1 (67%) were considered to be dry, 10 (15%) improved and 11 (17%) unchanged. In terms of the post operative PGI score, 42 @entity1 (66%) considered themselves to have improved greatly, 10 (16%) to have improved quite a lot, 6 (9%) to have improved slightly and 6 (9%) to be unchanged. The average improvement based on the VAS was 80%. The average number of postoperative adjustments was three (range zero to nine). Complications included @entity281 (2/64; 3%), @entity661 (5/64; 7.6%), migration (2/64; 3%) and @entity661 (2/64; 3%). Device removal was required in 9/64 @entity1 (14%) but was easily achieved using local anaesthesia, and this thus permitted further therapeutic intervention. New balloons were implanted following endoscopic confirmation of urethral healing. CONCLUSION: The ProACT device represents an efficacious treatment modality, which has an acceptable complication rate for a difficult group of @entity1 .

title: Adjustable Continence Therapy for the treatment of male stress urinary XXXX : a single-centre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['erosion of balloons', 'balloon deflation']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate balance control according to the severity of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) using clinical tests and Tetra-ataxiometric posturography (Tetrax  ). METHOD: A total 80 @entity1 with primary knee @entity571 classified according to American College of Rheumatology criteria, and 40 age-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Of those with @entity571 , 39 @entity1 had mild @entity571 (Kellgren-Lawrence [KL] grade 1, 2) and the other 41 had moderate to severe @entity571 (KL grade 3, 4). The postural control capabilities of the subjects were assessed using the timed up and go test (TUG), Berg balance scale (BBS), and Tetrax  , which utilizes two paired force plates to measure vertical pressure fluctuations over both heels and forefeet. The subjects were checked for their stability index (ST), Fourier index, weight distribution index (WDI), and synchronization index (SI) in eight positions using Tetrax  . RESULTS: @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity571 exhibited significantly higher stability indices in all positions than @entity1 with mild @entity571 . The Fourier index was also higher in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity571 than in @entity1 with mild @entity571 . However, the weight distribution index and synchronization of both heels and forefeet were not significantly different in the three groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity571 have more deficits in balance control than those with mild disease. Therefore, evaluation of balance control and education aimed at preventing falls would be useful to @entity1 with knee @entity571 .

title: Balance control and XXXX severity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increased plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration may favour @entity209 such as insulin resistance. The meal composition influences plasma LPS concentrations. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the acute consumption of a high-fat meal (49% of energy from fat) containing conventional or high-oleic peanuts on post-prandial LPS concentrations and its relationship with lipaemia and insulinaemia in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: The test meal consisted of a shake containing conventional peanuts (CVP; n  =  21), high-oleic peanuts (HOP; n  =  23) or a control biscuit (CT; n  =  21). Blood samples were collected in the fasting state and 1, 2 and 3  h post-prandially. LPS, insulin, lipids and @entity413 concentrations were assessed. RESULTS: LPS concentrations were lower in CVP [mean (SE) 0.7 (0.5)  EU  mL(-1) ] and HOP [1.0 (0.9)  EU  mL(-1) ] groups compared to CT [1.6 (1.2)  EU  mL(-1) ] at 3  h post-prandially. @entity1674 and insulin concentrations increased in all groups. @entity1674 started to increase only after 2  h in the CVP and HOP groups. LPS correlated positively with @entity1674 . Insulin returned to basal concentrations at 3  h only in the CVP and HOP groups. CONCLUSIONS: The acute consumption of peanuts delayed the increase in serum @entity1674 and favoured the quicker return of insulin to basal concentrations, especially in the CVP group. Our results suggest that the consumption of conventional or high-oleic peanuts may help to reduce the risk of endotoxaemia and @entity209 .

title: Effect of a high-fat meal containing conventional or high-oleic peanuts on post-prandial lipopolysaccharide concentrations in overweight/ @entity28 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol', 'Triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: There are a number of published reports on long-term outcomes of @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) for @entity356 ( @entity356 ), but most reports are from single centers with median follow-up periods shorter than 5 years. This questionnaire study investigated long-term outcomes of curative @entity5848 for @entity356 at six Japanese institutions with follow-up rates of at least 90% over a minimum 5-year period. METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 with initial-onset @entity356 who underwent @entity5848 through December 2006 at the six institutions were included in our study. The questionnaire covered pathological curability and long-term outcomes of @entity1 with curative resections or curative resections for expanded indications over follow-up periods of at least 5 years. RESULTS: There were 3788 @entity1 with initial-onset @entity356 including 1710 (45.1%) @entity1 with curative resections and 1289 (34.0%) @entity1 with curative resections for expanded indications. The remaining 789 (20.8%) @entity1 had non-curativeresections. Altogether, 1601 (93.6%) @entity1 with curative resections and 1205 (93.5%) @entity1 with curative resections for expanded indications were successfully followed up for at least 5 years. No recurrences were reported in any of the 1601 @entity1 with curative resections whereas three recurrences (0.2%) were reported in the 1205 @entity1 with curative resections for expanded indications. @entity356 -related @entity204 occurred in seven (0.2%) of the 2806 @entity1 with curative resections or curative resections for expanded indications including six @entity1 with metachronous @entity356 -related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: This questionnaire study's results indicated favorable long-term outcomes for @entity1 with curative resections or curative resections for expanded indications.

title: Preliminary results of multicenter questionnaire study on long-term outcomes of curative XXXX for @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity5848 :: ('MESH:D000784', 'Disease') :: ['ESD', 'endoscopic submucosal dissection']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'EGC', 'early gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5848 :: (MESH:D000784,Disease) :: ['endoscopic submucosal dissection']