abstract: Three-dimensional treatment planning has been used by four cooperating centers to prepare and analyze multiple treatment plans on two cervix @entity5 @entity1 . One @entity1 had biopsy-proven and CT-demonstrable @entity3 to the para-aortic nodes, while the other was at high risk for metastatic involvement of para-aortic nodes. Volume dose distributions were analyzed, and an attempt was made to define the role of 3-D treatment planning to the para-aortic region, where moderate to high doses (50-66 Gy) are required to sterilize microscopic and gross @entity3 . Plans were prepared using the 3-D capabilities for tailoring fields to the target volumes, but using standard field arrangements (3-D standard), and with full utilization of the 3-D capabilities (3-D unconstrained). In some but not all 3-D unconstrained plans, higher doses were delivered to the large nodal volume and to the volume containing gross nodal disease than in plans analyzed but not prepared with full 3-D capability (3-D standard). The small bowel was the major dose limiting organ. Its tolerance would have been exceeded in all plans which prescribed 66 Gy to the gross nodal mass, although some reduction in small bowel near-maximum dose was achieved in the 3-D unconstrained plans. All plans were able to limit doses to other normal organs to tolerance levels or less, with significant reductions seen in doses to spinal cord, kidneys, and large bowel in the 3-D unconstrained plans, as compared to the 3-D standard plans. A high probability of small bowel injury was detected in one of four 3-D standard plans prescribed to receive 50 Gy to the large para-aortic nodal volume; the small bowel dose was reduced to an acceptable level in the corresponding 3-D unconstrained plan. An optimum beam energy for treating this site was not identified, with plans using 4, 6, 10, 15, 18, and 25 MV photons all being equally acceptable. Attempts to deliver moderate or high doses (50-66 Gy) to this region should be made only after careful analysis of the plan with techniques similar to those employed in this study.

title: Three-dimensional treatment planning for para-aortic node irradiation in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: A study comparing Zoladex 3.6 mg depot with @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) 3 mg/day was initiated in August 1985. One hundred ninety-three @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity263 T3/4 or M1 have been randomized up to 31 March 1987: 95 to Zoladex, 98 to DES. No @entity1 had received prior systemic therapy. There is no bias in the treatment groups in terms of baseline characteristics. Median follow-up is 11 months, and the response rate at 12 months from randomization (CR + PR) for Zoladex is 70 +/- 9.4% and 50 +/- 10.1% for DES. Median time to best response is 6 months for Zoladex and 12 months for DES (using the Kaplan-Meier life table method). Subjective responses are 56 +/- 10.2% for Zoladex and 44 +/- 10% for DES. Five increases in bone @entity158 were found after the first Zoladex treatment, as well as one increased @entity1695 . None required treatment withdrawal. Seventeen @entity1 on DES were withdrawn due to adverse reaction (chi 2 = 4.33, 1df, p less than 0.05). Overall survival at 31 March 1987 is 84% for the Zoladex group and 78% for the DES group. This study has shown that Zoladex is superior to DES in achieving early @entity5 response in @entity263 , without causing serious complications warranting withdrawal of treatment.

title: Interim report of a randomized trial comparing Zoladex 3.6 mg depot with @entity4742 3 mg/day in XXXX . The West Midlands Urology Research Group.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['advanced prostate cancer']


abstract: The authors report two cases of @entity7086 during acute @entity583 successfully treated surgically. In the first case, @entity397 occurred 7 days after hospital admission for @entity583 . The @entity1 developed sudden @entity1455 with signs of @entity101 without @entity1002 . The second @entity1 was admitted for syncopal @entity662 with transient @entity551 which regressed after volume repletion and pressor @entity6115 therapy. On admission, the @entity1 had signs of @entity2293 . The ECG showed recent inferolaterobasal @entity583 . In both cases the diagnosis was made by 2D echocardiography which showed voluminous circumferential pericardial effusions probably due to haemorrage, with an image very suggestive of a @entity4461 in the effusion of the second @entity1 . The two @entity1 underwent emergency cardiac surgery and both survived with a 4 and 1.5 month follow-up respectively. These two cases confirm the value of 2D echocardiography as an emergency bedside procedure for the diagnosis of @entity7086 , especially when images of intrapericardial @entity715 are observed, as in our second @entity1 . In addition, the first case raises once again the question of the role of late thrombolysis as a predisposing factor of @entity7086 at a time when this technique is proposed up to 24 hours after the onset of symptoms.

title: [Free-wall @entity397 during the acute phase of XXXX . Apropos of 2 cases surgically treated with success].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clot']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'anteroseptal myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity418 tends to present with advanced disease, and the majority of @entity1 are suitable only for palliative treatment at diagnosis. @entity1282 is the most common presenting symptom and significantly undermines quality of life. High-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT) has been an option for the palliation of @entity1282 for many years and has been used at our center since 2006. Experience was presented in terms of improvement of @entity1282 and survival. @entity1 were identified from the local radiotherapy database. Original treatment sheets and clinical notes were reviewed retrospectively to obtain treatment details, pretreatment and post-treatment @entity1282 scores, and survival information. Between January 2006 and January 2010, 21 @entity1 of median age 77 years with a mean pretreatment @entity1282 score of 2.5 underwent ILBT for @entity418 . All received 12   Gy in a single fraction. Thirteen (62%) had @entity420 and eight (38%) @entity957 . Four (19%) @entity5 were in the mid-esophagus and 17 (81%) in the lower esophagus. Eight had extension of @entity5 into the gastroesophageal junction. Seven @entity1 (33%) received chemotherapy as first-line treatment prior to brachytherapy. Nineteen @entity1 had clear documentation of @entity1282 scores both pretreatment and post-treatment, and the improvement overall was significant (P= 0.04). Ten @entity1 (53%) had an improvement in @entity1282 score. Five of these (50%) went on to require further endoscopic intervention due to disease progression. Median duration of response was 4 months. Of the nonresponders, six (67%) went on to require further endoscopic intervention. No @entity1 experienced documented @entity137 aside from a short-lived acute @entity2910 . Median survival from date of diagnosis was 12 months and from treatment date was 5 months (1-32 months). In our series of elderly @entity1 with significant @entity1282 , ILBT was a well-tolerated and effective treatment. It should be considered as a palliative option in @entity418 .

title: Intraluminal high-dose-rate brachytherapy for palliation of @entity1282 in XXXX : initial experience at a single UK center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of the esophagus']


abstract: Liver transplantation is the only treatment for advanced @entity1575 . Therapies halting the progression of the disease are urgently needed. Administration of recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I ( @entity2135 ) induces hepatoprotective effects in experimental @entity82 . Therefore, we analyzed the efficacy of a recombinant @entity2235 vector (rSV40) encoding @entity2135 (rSVIGF-I) to prevent @entity82 progression. First, transgene expression was evaluated in @entity19 injected with rSV40 encoding luciferase, which showed long-term hepatic expression of the transgene. Interestingly, luciferase expression increased significantly in @entity14605 -damaged livers and upon @entity2135 administration, thus @entity99 and @entity2135 expression from rSVIGF-I should favor transgene expression. rSVIGF-I therapeutic efficacy was studied in @entity35 where @entity1575 was induced by @entity14605 inhalation during 36 weeks. At the end of the study, the hepatic levels of @entity2135 and @entity9929 were higher in rSVIGF-I-treated @entity35 than in control cirrhotic animals. Cirrhotic @entity35 treated with rSVIGF-I had reduced serum @entity648 , transaminases and liver @entity82 scores and increased hepatic expression of hepatocyte growth factor and STAT3alpha as compared to cirrhotic animals. Furthermore, cirrhotic animals showed @entity194 and altered spermatogenesis, whereas testicular size and histology were normal in cirrhotic @entity35 that received rSVIGF-I. Therefore, rSV40-mediated sustained expression of @entity2135 in the liver slowed @entity82 progression.

title: Liver transduction with a @entity2235 vector encoding insulin-like growth factor I reduces @entity99 and the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testis atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: The acute effect of @entity1068 ingestion is to induce diuresis with excretion of free water and preservation of electrolytes. This occurs as the blood @entity167 concentration is increasing and is due to the suppression by @entity167 of the endogenous release of @entity6085 . During a steady blood @entity167 concentration, @entity167 acts as an antidiuretic, causing retention of water and electrolytes. While at steady state, additional doses of @entity167 will produce progressively smaller and eventually absent diuretic responses. The chronic effect of @entity167 is to promote isosmotic retention of water and electrolytes due to increased @entity6085 levels. Excess water and electrolytes are acutely excreted in response to additional @entity167 ingestion. With the cessation of @entity167 intake, this excess will be excreted over several days. Routine parenteral fluid administration to chronic and withdrawing alcoholics should be avoided. The role of @entity972 and @entity1760 in the genesis of specific manifestations of the @entity167 @entity3347 is not clear. Alcoholic @entity1 may have electrolyte abnormalities due to @entity167 -induced @entity3904 , or @entity391 and @entity294 . Each case must be individually evaluated.

title: Electrolyte abnormalities in the alcoholic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3904 :: ('MESH:D009750', 'Disease') :: ['diseases, poor nutrition']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 ( @entity101 ) is a major modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. The objective of this study is to estimate the adult population of the Community of Madrid (30-74 years) prevalence of @entity101 , knowledge, degree of control and drug treatment. METHODS: We studied a random sample population in 2007 among residents of Madrid Community of between 30 and 74 years, obtained by cluster sampling. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied through telephone interview. Physical examination was conducted by a team of trained nurses in the health center. To assess control of @entity101 by number of active ingredients odds were calculated through logistic regression models. RESULTS: The final sample included 1,085 @entity1 and 1,183 @entity1 with a mean age of 48.3 years. The prevalence of @entity101 was 29.3% (35.1% @entity1 and 23.9% in @entity1 (p<0.01). Of the 665 @entity101 identified 68.6% knew their condition (62.4 76.65% in males and females, p<0.05), of which 54% were in drug treatment (45.4% in @entity1 and 64.5% in @entity1 , p<0.05). Of the 265 treated @entity101 @entity1 , blood pressure was controlled in 33% of males and 49% of @entity1 , p<0.05. @entity1 treated with two or more active improves your control (aOR: 1, 89). CONCLUSIONS: Our data on prevalence, treatment and control are at the lower-intermediate between those reported in previous studies on Spanish and European populations. However, the HA is a public health problem in the CM. Many @entity101 @entity1 are not detected. Of those detected, only 1 in 3 of @entity1 and 1 in 2 @entity1 are well controlled.

title: [Prevalence, degree of control and treatment of XXXX in the adult population of Madrid, Spain].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'HT', 'hypertension', 'Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The @entity1472 -terminal presequences of proteins imported from the cytoplasm across the mitochondrial inner membrane are cleaved off by a soluble matrix-localized protease composed of two nonidentical homologous subunits. In the @entity375 @entity375 , these are encoded by the nuclear @entity28314 and @entity28315 genes. We have now constructed @entity375 strains in which either one or both of the genomic @entity4262 genes are controlled by a @entity3649 -inducible strong promoter. In these strains, the intramitochondrial concentration of each @entity4262 -encoded subunit as well as of the holo-protease can be varied over a wide range. When overproduced, the @entity28314 protein precipitates in the matrix whereas the @entity28315 protein remains soluble. The @entity28315 protein was obtained at a purity of 98% in milligram amounts. The purified @entity28315 subunit exists largely as a soluble 52-kDa monomer. Its cleavage activity is very low and might well reflect the 2% contamination by holoprotease. Activity is restored by adding the solubilized purified @entity28314 subunit. @entity375 cells depleted of one or both @entity4262 subunits continue to import precursor proteins into mitochondria, but fail to cleave them; eventually the deficient cells stop growing. This growth arrest is partly suppressed on minimal medium or under conditions in which the cells are less dependent on mitochondrial metabolism. Depletion of the @entity28314 subunit causes overproduction of the @entity28315 subunit.

title: The @entity4262 -encoded processing protease of XXXX mitochondria. Overproduction and characterization of its two nonidentical subunits.

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Yeast']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify markers associated with the chondrogenic capacity of expanded @entity1 articular chondrocytes and to use these markers for sorting of more highly chondrogenic subpopulations. METHODS: The chondrogenic capacity of chondrocyte populations derived from different donors (n = 21) or different clonal strains from the same cartilage biopsy specimen (n = 21) was defined based on the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of tissues generated using a pellet culture model. Selected cell populations were analyzed by microarray and flow cytometry. In some experiments, cells were sorted using antibodies against molecules found to be associated with differential chondrogenic capacity and again assessed in pellet cultures. RESULTS: Significance Analysis of Microarrays indicated that chondrocytes with low chondrogenic capacity expressed higher levels of @entity442 and of catabolic genes (e.g., @entity1476 , @entity3531 ), while chondrocytes with high chondrogenic capacity expressed higher levels of genes involved in cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions (e.g., @entity9616 , @entity9617 ). Flow cytometry analysis showed that @entity1759 , @entity33108 , and @entity9616 were expressed at significantly higher levels in chondrocytes with higher chondrogenic capacity. Flow cytometry analysis of clonal chondrocyte strains indicated that @entity1759 and @entity33108 could also identify more chondrogenic clones. Chondrocytes sorted for brighter @entity9616 or @entity1759 signal expression produced tissues with higher levels of GAG per DNA (up to 1.4-fold) and type II collagen messenger RNA (up to 3.4-fold) than did unsorted cells. CONCLUSION: We identified markers that allow characterization of the capacity of monolayer-expanded chondrocytes to form in vitro cartilaginous tissue and enable enrichment for subpopulations with higher chondrogenic capacity. These markers might be used as a means to predict and possibly improve the outcome of cell-based cartilage repair techniques.

title: Identification of markers to characterize and sort XXXX articular chondrocytes with enhanced in vitro chondrogenic capacity.

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 2']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor 1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Ambyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) is an aggressive tick that feeds on @entity1 during all postembryonic life stages. In many regions of the United States, it is the tick most commonly found attached to @entity1 . Public health interest has grown recently, due to the recognition of new @entity1 pathogens transmitted by A. americanum and the expanding distribution of the tick. A. americanum is a vector of several bacteria pathogenic to @entity1 . Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii cause moderate-to-severe @entity221 . " @entity23194 ," a member of the spotted @entity221 group Rickettsia, also has recently been implicated as a possible @entity1 pathogen based on serologic evidence from @entity1 recovering from illness after a tick bite. We have determined the prevalence of @entity281 of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, E. ewingii, " @entity12732 ", and @entity23194 within A. americanum ticks from 29 sites in nine states. Overall @entity281 prevalences were 4.7% for @entity1116 (range, 0-27%), 3.5% for E. ewingii (range, 0-18.6%), 2.5% for B. lonestari (range, 0-12.2%), and 41.2% for @entity23194 (range, 0-84.0%). In addition, 87 ticks (4.3%) were infected with two or more bacteria. This report documents new distribution records for E. ewingii, B. lonestari, and @entity23194 and underscores the nonhomogeneous distribution of pathogen foci of @entity281 . Additional surveillance throughout the range ofA. americanum is warranted to increase physician and public awareness of the risk of disease to @entity1 from exposure to the agents transmitted by this tick.

title: Prevalence of Ehrlichia, XXXX , and Rickettsial agents in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from nine states.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity12732 :: ('MESH:D001899', 'Disease') :: ['Borrelia lonestari']

entities_list: @entity23194 :: ('33989', 'Species') :: ['Rickettsia amblyommii', 'R. amblyommii']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness', 'fever']

entities_list: @entity1116 :: ('945', 'Species') :: ['E. chaffeensis']

answer: @entity12732 :: (MESH:D001899,Disease) :: ['Borrelia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Revascularisation following axial @entity1317 is effective in upper limb salvage but @entity39 of muscle, the tissue most sensitive to ischaemia, may still occur. We examined the frequency of @entity39 , its related factors and its functional significance. METHODS: The clinical findings and operative management of 13 @entity1 with injuries at the elbow referred to 2 plastic surgical hand surgery units over a 30-month period were reviewed. Good outcome was defined as minimal impairment with return to previous occupation, intermediate outcome as moderate impairment with change in occupation and poor outcome as major functional loss preventing work. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 injured the brachial and six injured both the radial and ulnar arteries. Concomitant injuries were severe with @entity128 in 11 and @entity121 in 12 @entity1 . Functional outcome was good in four cases, intermediate in four and poor in five. @entity121 developed in four brachial @entity1317 . In all four cases, initial successful revascularisation failed post-operatively. Case review revealed delayed recognition in three cases where @entity158 heralded ischaemia but distal skin circulation and pulses were adequate. Of @entity1 with @entity39 , three had a poor outcome and one had an intermediate outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity121 must be considered when managing these injuries, particularly if initial revascularisation is unsuccessful. Every effort should be made to optimise repair technique and post-operative monitoring. Limb salvage is no longer enough. Fully viable muscle is necessary to restore function and livelihoods.

title: @entity1317 at the elbow carry a high risk of XXXX and warrant urgent revascularisation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial system injury', 'artery injuries']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle necrosis', 'muscle necrosis', 'muscle damage']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle necrosis']


abstract: Epidemiologic data on 45 @entity1 with @entity16546 from the Netherlands and 50 @entity1 from the USA are compared with data from 407 @entity1 reported in the literature. The 502 probands had a total of 708 sibs, including one probable recurrence. In 12 of 13 proven or possible monozygotic twins both @entity1 were affected. Two @entity1 have reproduced with one affected and 2 normal offspring. The empiric recurrence risk figure for sibs is 0.1%. The recurrence risk for offspring of affected individuals could be as high as 50%. The cause of the syndrome remains unknown. There were no clues for autosomal recessive or X-linked inheritance, nor for a teratogenic cause. No @entity2008 was found. An autosomal dominant mutation, either as submicroscopic chromosome deletion or duplication, or a point mutation seems the most likely explanation.

title: Etiology and recurrence risk in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['consistent chromosome anomaly']

entities_list: @entity16546 :: ('MESH:D012415', 'Disease') :: ['Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome']

answer: @entity16546 :: (MESH:D012415,Disease) :: ['Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome']


abstract: Previous research suggested that conjugated @entity4722 ( @entity13357 ) feeding during the period of pubescent mammary gland development in the @entity35 resulted in diminished mammary epithelial branching which might account for the reduction in mammary @entity5 risk. Terminal end buds (TEB) are the primary sites for the chemical induction of mammary @entity189 in rodents. One of the objectives of the present study was to investigate the modulation of TEB density by increasing levels of dietary @entity13357 and to determine how this might affect the risk of @entity7044 -induced mammary @entity105 . The data show a graded and parallel reduction in TEB density and mammary @entity5 yield produced by 0.5 and 1% @entity13357 . No further decrease in either parameter was observed when @entity13357 in the diet was raised to 1.5 or 2%. Thus, optimal @entity13357 nutrition during pubescence could conceivably control the population of @entity5 in the mammary gland. Since both @entity13357 and @entity4722 are likely to share the same enzyme system for chain desaturation and elongation, it is possible that increased @entity13357 intake may interfere with the further metabolism of @entity4722 . @entity844 analysis of total lipid showed that @entity13357 and @entity13357 metabolites continued to accumulate in mammary tissue in a dose-dependent manner over the range 0.5-2% @entity13357 . There was no perturbation in tissue @entity4722 , however, @entity4722 metabolites (including 18:3, 20:3 and 20:4) were consistently depressed by up to 1% @entity13357 . Of particular interest was the significant drop in 20:4 ( @entity1426 ), which is the substrate for the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of eicosanoid biosynthesis. Thus the @entity13357 dose-response effect on @entity1426 suppression corresponded closely with the @entity13357 dose-response effect on @entity5 protection in the mammary gland. This information is critical in providing new insights regarding the biochemical action of @entity13357 .

title: Decrease in @entity4722 metabolites as a potential mechanism in XXXX risk reduction by conjugated @entity4722 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-sensitive target sites', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['methylnitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cyst @entity2199 are biotrophs that form specialized feeding structures in the roots of host plants, which consist of a syncytial fusion of hypertrophied cells. The formation of syncytium is accompanied by profound transcriptional changes and active metabolism in infected tissues. The challenge in gene expression studies for syncytium has always been the isolation of pure syncytial material and subsequent extraction of intact RNA. Root fragments containing syncytium had been used for microarray analyses. However, the inclusion of neighbouring cells dilutes the syncytium-specific mRNA population. Micro-sectioning coupled with laser capture microdissection (LCM) offers an opportunity for the isolation of feeding sites from heterogeneous cell populations. But recovery of intact RNA from syncytium dissected by LCM is complicated due to extended steps of fixation, tissue preparation, embedding and sectioning. RESULTS: In the present study, we have optimized the procedure of sample preparation for LCM to isolate high quality of RNA from cyst @entity2199 induced syncytia in @entity958 roots which can be used for transcriptomic studies. We investigated the effect of various @entity969 concentrations as cryoprotectant on RNA quality and morphology of syncytial sections. We also compared various types of microscopic slides for strong adherence of sections while removing embedding material. CONCLUSION: The use of optimal @entity969 concentrations as cryoprotection plays a key role in RNA stability and morphology of sections. Treatment with higher @entity969 concentrations minimizes the risk of RNA degradation, whereas longer incubation times help maintaining the morphology of tissue sections. Our method allows isolating high-quality RNA from @entity2199 feeding sites that is suitable for downstream applications such as microarray experiments.

title: An improved procedure for isolation of high-quality RNA from XXXX -infected @entity958 roots through laser capture microdissection.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematodes', 'nematode']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematode']


abstract: AIMS: @entity943 ( @entity943 ) occur frequently after permanent @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) implantation in end stage @entity712 . Left ventricular assist device @entity1 require rhythm control in contrast to @entity1 with biventricular support. However, the rationale for @entity737 ( @entity737 ) utilization in @entity1002 @entity1 remains unclear. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of primary prevention @entity737 therapy and the rate of appropriate @entity737 interventions in @entity1002 @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively collected data from @entity1 receiving LVADs. @entity1 without previous @entity737 received an @entity737 after @entity1002 implantation for primary prevention. Sixty-one @entity1 with @entity1002 and @entity737 were followed prospectively for 365 +/- 321 days. Nine @entity1 died from @entity1031 or @entity548 . Overall, the rate of appropriate @entity737 interventions was 34%, mostly for treatment of monomorphic VT in 52%, polymorphic VT in 13%, and VF in 35%. Seventy-one percent of @entity943 were terminated by overdrive pacing, 29% by shock. @entity1 with a history of @entity943 before @entity1002 implantation had a significantly higher 1-year rate for @entity737 therapy compared with @entity1002 @entity1 with a primary prevention @entity737 indication @entity1002 @entity1 (50 vs. 24%). Similarly, @entity1 with @entity296 had a significantly higher risk for @entity737 therapy than @entity1 with @entity299 (50 vs. 22%). CONCLUSION: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy is safe and effective in @entity1002 @entity1 . @entity943 leading to @entity737 intervention occur frequently in 34% of @entity1002 @entity1 after 1 year, with large variations depending on the underlying @entity299 and previous @entity943 history. Primary prevention @entity737 indication after @entity1002 implantation yields high rates of @entity737 intervention. A history of previous @entity943 strongly predicts future use of @entity737 treatment after @entity1002 implantation.

title: Implantable defibrillator therapy for ventricular tachyarrhythmia in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular arrhythmias', 'VA', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVAD', 'left ventricular assist device']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular assist device']


abstract: Introduction. A peritoneal inclusion cyst is a very rare mesenteric cyst of mesothelial origin usually asymptomatic. A rare case of an 82-year-old white Caucasian female with a @entity18659 containing a large peritoneal inclusion cyst, mimicking @entity547 , is presented herein. Case Presentation. The @entity1 was admitted to our hospital suffering from a palpable groin mass on the right, which became @entity158 and caused great discomfort for the last hours. Physical examination revealed a tender and tense, irreducible groin mass. An inguinal operative approach was selected and the mass was found protruding through the femoral ring. After careful dissection it turned out to be a large unilocular cyst, containing serous fluid, probably originating from the peritoneum. McVay procedure was used to reapproximate the femoral ring. Histologic examination showed a peritoneal inclusion cyst. Discussion. Peritoneal inclusion cysts are usually asymptomatic but occasionally present with various, nonspecific symptoms according to their size. Our case highlights that high index of clinical suspicion and careful exploration during repair of a @entity547 is mandatory in order to reach the correct diagnosis about @entity547 's contents.

title: XXXX turned to be peritoneal cyst.

entities_list: @entity18659 :: ('MESH:D006550', 'Disease') :: ['femoral hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'strangulated hernia']

answer: @entity18659 :: (MESH:D006550,Disease) :: ['Strangulated femoral hernia']


abstract: Insulin has been encapsulated in @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) microspheres by solid-in-oil-in-oil (S/O/O) emulsion technique using @entity9104 / @entity4336 oil as new solvent pairs. To get better encapsulation efficiency, insulin nanoparticles were prepared by the modified isoelectric point precipitation method so that it had good dispersion in the inner oil phase. The resulting microspheres had drug loading of 10% (w/w), while the encapsulation efficiency could be up to 90-100%. And the insulin release from the microspheres could last for 60 days. Microspheres encapsulated original insulin with the same method had lower encapsulation efficiency, and shorter release period. Laser scanning confocal microscopy indicated the insulin nanoparticle and original insulin had different distribution in microspheres. The results suggested that using insulin nanoparticle was better than original insulin for microsphere preparation by S/O/O method. Study about the secondary structure of insulin by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated high insulin structural integrity during the process. In vivo test showed insulin in microspheres retained its bioactivity. In addition, @entity137 evaluation by the @entity98 assay has proved that no extra @entity137 was introduced into the microspheres during the emulsion process.

title: Insulin nanoparticle preparation and encapsulation into XXXX microspheres by using an anhydrous system.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['PLGA', 'poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)']

answer: @entity7050 :: (MESH:C043435,Chemical) :: ['poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)']


abstract: A 53  year old female with @entity454 on hemodialysis presented with @entity10 , @entity391 , and lethargy that had started 2  h prior to presentation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed @entity548 in the temporal, occipital, and cerebellar white matter. Magnetic resonance venography disclosed hypoplastic transverse sinus. On cerebral angiogram there was no evidence of @entity438 , @entity1333 or @entity1462 . Angiogram demonstrated a high-grade @entity850 was present in the left internal jugular vein (IJV) just below the @entity254 of the graft. There was retrograde high flow in the left IJV above the @entity254 of the graft, which fills a small left transverse venous sinus. There was also filling of the multiple abnormally enlarged leptomeningeal veins over the surface of the left cerebral and left cerebellar hemispheres. Retrograde blood flow was due to IJV @entity850 which led to @entity101 and @entity932 . She then underwent occlusion of her left brachiojugular dialysis graft. Thereafter, her mental status markedly improved and her @entity10 resolved. Since IJV @entity850 and hypoplastic transverse sinuses are not rare, @entity1 with jugular grafts should probably be closely watched for symptoms of @entity428 . As awareness of vein preservation in CKD @entity1 grows, the prevalence of @entity29070 would probably decline in future.

title: Cerebral hemorrhage due to internal jugular vein stenosis in a hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intraparenchymal brain hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity3151 is an essential element for all life forms. It is a mineral nutrient. @entity6546 is the only form of P that autotrophs can assimilate. Extracellular enzymes hydrolyze organic forms of P to @entity1391 . Eutrophication is the over-enrichment of surface waters with mineral nutrients. The results are excessive production of autotrophs, especially algae and cyanobacteria. This high productivity leads to high bacterial populations and high respiration rates, leading to @entity519 or @entity519 in poorly mixed bottom waters and at night in surface waters during calm, warm conditions. Low dissolved @entity26 causes the loss of aquatic animals and the release of many materials normally bound to bottom sediments, including various forms of P. This release of P reinforces the eutrophication. Excessive concentrations of P is the most common cause of eutrophication in freshwater lakes, reservoirs, streams, and in the headwaters of estuarine systems. In the ocean, N is believed to usually be the key mineral nutrient controlling primary production. Estuaries and continental shelf waters are a transition zone, in which excessive P and N create problems. It is best to measure and regulate total P inputs to whole aquatic ecosystems, but for an easy assay it is best to measure total P concentrations, including particulate P, in surface waters or N:P atomic ratios in phytoplankton.

title: XXXX : a rate limiting nutrient in surface waters.

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['Orthophosphate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphorus']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['Phosphorus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite rapid advances in cardiac computed tomography (CT), a strategy for optimal visualization of perfusion abnormalities on CT has yet to be validated. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the performance of several postprocessing techniques of source data sets to detect and characterize perfusion defects in acute @entity583 with @entity299 . METHODS: Twenty-one subjects (18 @entity1 ; 60 +/- 13 years) that were successfully treated with percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment @entity583 underwent 64-slice @entity299 and 1.5 Tesla cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans after revascularization. Delayed enhancement MR images were analyzed to identify the location of @entity1188 . Contiguous short-axis images of the left ventricular myocardium were created from the CT source images with 0.75-mm multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), 5-mm MPR, 5-mm @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ), and 5-mm minimum intensity projection (MinIP) techniques. Segments already confirmed to contain @entity1188 by MRI were then evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively with CT. RESULTS: Overall, 143 @entity296 were analyzed. On qualitative analysis, the MinIP and thick MPR techniques had greater visibility and definition than the thin MPR and @entity1213 techniques (P < 0.001). On quantitative analysis, the absolute difference in Hounsfield unit attenuation between normal and infarcted segments was significantly greater for the MinIP (65.4 Hounsfield unit [HU]) and thin MPR (61.2 HU) techniques. However, the relative difference in Hounsfield unit attenuation was significantly greatest for the MinIP technique alone (95%; P < 0.001). Contrast to noise was greatest for the MinIP (4.2) and thick MPR (4.1) techniques (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of our current investigation found that MinIP and thick MPR detected @entity1188 with greater visibility and definition than @entity1213 and thin MPR.

title: Comparison of postprocessing techniques for the detection of perfusion defects by cardiac computed tomography in XXXX presenting with acute ST-segment elevation @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial segments']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarcted myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['maximal intensity projection', 'MIP']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac CT']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions', 'myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Ten Hampshire x Western wether @entity742 (means weight = 30.1 kg) equipped with ruminal and abomasal cannulas were fed either low-Acremonium coenophialum (AC) Kentucky-31 (less than 1% infected) or high-AC G1-307 (greater than 95% infected) varieties of @entity18959 (TF) hay of similar nutrient composition in a completely randomized design. @entity742 were housed in metabolism crates at 21 +/- 1 degrees C and fed 552 g @entity3918 /d of ground hay at 0800 and 2000. A 10-d adaptation preceded 7 d of sample collection. Levels of water and @entity3918 voluntarily consumed by the low-AC group during the adjustment period were held constant for both treatment groups throughout the collection period by intraruminal insertion of unconsumed @entity3918 and water. Fixed water intake markedly reduced voluntary water intake but it alleviated previous @entity308 in @entity3918 intake in @entity742 fed high-AC. Mean daily respiration and heart rates, rectal temperature and hematocrit were not affected (P greater than .10) by treatment. Compared with high-AC, @entity742 fed low-AC retained a greater (P less than .10) amount of N (1.8 vs 1.1 g/d) and a greater (P less than .10) percentage of their N intake (16.4 vs 9.9%). @entity2348 and ruminal digestion of cell wall components were not affected (P greater than .10) by treatment. Total tract digestion of @entity3918 , NDF and ADF was lower (P less than .01) for high- than for low-AC. Serum prolactin concentration was higher (P less than .10) for @entity742 fed low- than for those fed high-AC TF, but serum @entity701 and @entity1955 concentrations were not affected (P greater than .10) by treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Metabolic and endocrine responses of XXXX fed Acremonium coenophialum-infected or noninfected @entity18959 hay at equivalent nutrient intake.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressions']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Abomasal total and bacterial N flow']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'voluntary DM']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: @entity988 ( @entity988 ) have been reported as a @entity2704 trigger in about one-third of the @entity2704 @entity1 in retrospective studies. Some studies found that @entity988 trigger also other primary @entity10 . The studies concerning the role of @entity988 in triggering various types of primary @entity10 published after the International @entity10 Society classification criteria of 1988 were reviewed, and the pathophysiological mechanisms were discussed. Many studies show that @entity988 are a trigger of @entity5330 (MO), @entity2795 ( @entity2795 ), @entity2686 ( @entity2686 ), and @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ). While data on MO and @entity2686 are well delineated, those in @entity2795 and @entity2701 are discordant. There are sparse reports that @entity988 are also triggers of less frequent types of @entity10 such as @entity2795 , and @entity19424 . However, in some countries, the occurrence of @entity285 as @entity10 trigger is negligible, perhaps determined by @entity285 habits. The frequency estimates vary widely based on the study approach and population. In fact, prospective studies report a limited importance of @entity988 as @entity2704 trigger. If @entity988 are capable of triggering practically all primary @entity10 , they should act at a common pathogenetic level. The mechanisms of @entity285 -provoking @entity10 were discussed in relationship to the principal pathogenetic theories of primary @entity10 . The conclusion was that vasodilatation is hardly compatible with @entity988 trigger activity of all primary @entity10 and a common pathogenetic mechanism at cortical, or more likely at subcortical/brainstem, level is more plausible.

title: @entity285 -induced XXXX : Evidence for a central mechanism?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['MA', 'migraine with aura', 'familial hemiplegic migraine, hemicrania continua']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['ADs', 'Alcoholic drinks']

entities_list: @entity5330 :: ('MESH:D020326', 'Disease') :: ['migraine without aura']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headache', 'CH']

entities_list: @entity19424 :: ('MESH:D051302', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal hemicrania']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['TH', 'tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['primary headache', 'headache', 'headaches', 'Headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headaches']


abstract: @entity1897 was produced in adult male @entity35 by placing loosely constrictive ligatures around the common sciatic nerve. As reported by others, this procedure reliably results in postoperative behavior indicative of @entity1931 , @entity1931 , and potentially, spontaneous @entity158 . In these experiments, thermal @entity1931 was assessed by measuring foot-withdrawal latencies to radiant heat aimed at the plantar surface of @entity35 hind paws. Behaviors potentially indicative of spontaneous @entity158 were assessed by rating spontaneous hind paw guarding positions. @entity35 with sciatic nerve ligation were divided into 5 groups (n = 6/group). Three groups received injections (i.p.) of either 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg of cerebral @entity4163 mixture, GA. The 4th group was injected with 10 mg/kg of the purified @entity4163 GM1, and the 5th group received an equal volume of saline. All injections were given daily for 2 days before surgery, the day of surgery and 9 days after surgery. All animals were behaviorally assessed for 2 days prior to surgery, the day of surgery, as well as 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days afterwards. All 5 groups had significantly reduced latencies to hind paw withdrawal on the side @entity1930 . However, these @entity1931 responses were significantly attenuated in @entity35 receiving GA or GM1 pretreatment. These data suggest that this animal model of peripheral @entity9 is sensitive to pharmacological manipulations useful for understanding mechanisms of @entity9 , including mechanisms related to excitotoxic processes. Such studies could lead to development of clinical approaches to treat this disorder.

title: Pretreatment with gangliosides reduces abnormal nociceptive responses associated with a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['A peripheral mononeuropathy']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral to sciatic nerve ligation']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['rodent peripheral mononeuropathy']


abstract: This study investigated the changes of @entity404 (+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity157 before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). The proportion of @entity404 (+) CD25(+) Tregs among @entity404 (+) T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of 33 @entity1 with @entity157 was determined by flow cytometry before, 1 week and 1 month after TACE. And 25 healthy volunteers served as control. One month after TACE, the @entity1 were divided into two groups: 22 in group A, who were in stable condition or getting better; and 10 in group B, who were deteriorating. One @entity1 died and was excluded. The results showed that the percentage of @entity404 (+)CD25(+) Tregs among @entity404 (+) T lymphocytes did not significantly change in the 33 @entity1 1 week after TACE as compared with that before TACE, however, the difference was significant (P<0.01) between the @entity1 with @entity157 and the healthy subjects. The percentage of @entity404 (+) CD25(+) Tregs among @entity404 (+) T lymphocytes in group A 1 month after TACE was decreased significantly in comparison with that before and 1 week after TACE (P<0.01), whereas, that in group B was increased significantly 1 month after TACE (P<0.01). It was concluded that @entity1 with @entity157 had a higher proportion of @entity404 (+)CD25(+) Tregs in peripheral blood. TACE did not significantly affect the level of @entity404 (+) CD25(+) Tregs within short time (such as 1 week). The proportion of @entity404 (+)CD25(+) Tregs in peripheral blood 1 month after TACE was related to the prognosis of @entity157 .

title: Changes of CD4(+) CD25 (+) regulatory T cells in peripheral blood in XXXX with @entity157 before and after TACE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Housing First (HF) has been shown to improve housing stability, on average, for formerly homeless adults with @entity1032 . However, little is known about patterns of change and characteristics that predict different outcome trajectories over time. This article reports on latent trajectories of housing stability among 2140 @entity1 (84% followed 24 months) of a multisite randomised controlled trial of HF. METHODS: Data were analyzed using generalised growth mixture modeling for the total cohort. Predictor variables were chosen based on the original program logic model and detailed reviews of other qualitative and quantitative findings. Treatment group assignment and level of need at baseline were included in the model. RESULTS: In total, 73% of HF @entity1 and 43% of treatment-as-usual (TAU) @entity1 were in stable housing after 24 months of follow-up. Six trajectories of housing stability were identified for each of the HF and TAU groups. Variables that distinguished different trajectories included gender, age, prior month income, Aboriginal status, total time homeless, previous hospitalizations, overall health, @entity146 symptoms, and comorbidity, while others such as education, diagnosis, and substance use problems did not. CONCLUSION: While the observed patterns and their predictors are of interest for further research and general service planning, no set of variables is yet known that can accurately predict the likelihood of particular individuals benefiting from HF programs at the outset.

title: Outcome Trajectories among Homeless Individuals with XXXX in a Multisite Randomised Controlled Trial of Housing First.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Mental Disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We studied arrhythmogenesis and its underlying pathophysiology during graded reductions of coronary blood flow, superimposed on prior @entity583 to test the hypothesis that spontaneous @entity2224 and induced @entity1165 are dependent on different patterns of coronary flow reduction in hearts with prior @entity583 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In 10 sham-operated @entity235 (control group) and 24 @entity235 with 3-week-old experimental apical @entity583 , the left circumflex coronary artery was constricted to produce four grades of flow reduction: 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Among the sham-operated control animals, only one of 10 (10%) developed spontaneous @entity2224 and only two of nine (22%) were inducible into sustained @entity1165 during 100% circumflex coronary artery flow reduction. No spontaneous @entity2224 or inducible @entity1165 occurred with lesser grades (25%, 50%, or 75%) of flow reduction among the control animals. In the @entity583 group, five of 24 @entity235 (21%) were inducible before flow reduction. However, 50% flow reduction in the @entity583 group resulted in inducibility of @entity1165 in 12 of 24 @entity235 (50%); nine of 16 (56%) during 75% flow reduction; and six of 11 (55%) with 100% flow reduction. In addition, none of the @entity235 in the @entity583 group developed spontaneous @entity2224 during 25% or 50% flow reduction, whereas six of 22 (27%) developed @entity2224 during 75% flow reduction and 10 of 21 (48%) during 100% flow reduction. In @entity235 with spontaneous @entity2224 during flow reduction, the total myocardial mass of the @entity63 "risk" zone and infarcted zone was significantly greater than in those without spontaneous @entity2224 (68 +/- 5% versus 56 +/- 6% [p less than 0.01]). There was no difference in the total myocardial mass of the @entity63 risk zone and infarcted zone between @entity235 with and without inducible @entity1165 during flow reduction. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity235 model of subacute @entity583 , superimposed @entity63 increased the likelihood of inducible sustained @entity1165 with lesser grades of coronary flow reduction compared with that necessary to allow spontaneous @entity2224 . The underlying pathophysiology appears to differ between spontaneous @entity2224 and electrically induced sustained @entity1165 .

title: Arrhythmogenic effects of graded coronary blood flow reductions superimposed on prior @entity583 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1582 affecting the spine results in @entity3814 . These are painful, result in @entity1513 , and impact respiratory function and quality of life. We explore the impact of time to presentation on the efficacy of spinal treatment modalities. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 183 @entity1 with spinal @entity1582 presenting to our service over a 2  year period. RESULTS: Median time from @entity1582 diagnosis to presentation at our centre was 195  days. Eighty-four @entity1 (45.9  %) were treated with balloon kyphoplasty and the remainder with a thoracolumbar-sacral orthosis as per our published protocol. @entity1 presenting earlier than 195  days from diagnosis had significant improvements in @entity1 reported outcome measures: EuroQol 5-Dimensions (p   <   0.001), @entity717 Index (p   <   0.001), and Visual Analogue @entity158 Score (p   <   0.001) at follow-up, regardless of treatment. @entity1 presenting after 195  days, however, only experienced benefit following balloon kyphoplasty, with no significant benefit from non-operative management. CONCLUSION: Vertebral augmentation and thoracolumbar bracing improve @entity1 reported outcome scores in @entity1 with spinal @entity1582 . However, delay in treatment negatively impacts clinical outcome, particularly if managed non-operatively. It is important to screen and treat @entity1 with MM and back @entity158 early to prevent @entity85 and improve quality of life.

title: Spinal disease in XXXX : cohort analysis at a specialist spinal surgery centre indicates benefit of early surgical augmentation or bracing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma osteolytic disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1313 have varied degree of functional and @entity73 because of factors relating to the @entity5 or to the treatment they receive. The functional independence measurement and functional activity measurement system (FIM-FAM) is an activity of daily living (ADL) scoring system that may be able to determine impairments in different domains objectively. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From August 2007 to April 2008, 150 consecutive adult (>18 years) primary @entity1313 @entity1 (median age 40 years; male 88, female 62) registered in a general out- @entity1 neuro-oncology clinic were accrued and detailed data were recorded. Seventy percent had @entity5 (66% high-grade and 34% low-grade; 70% intra-axial). @entity463 ( @entity463 ) (23.3%), @entity816 ( @entity816 ) (18.7%), and diffuse fibrillary astrocytoma (18.7%) were the commonest histologic subtypes. The common sites for @entity5 included frontal region (30.7%), posterior fossa (12%), and left parietal region (11.3%). A detailed baseline pre-radiotherapy (pre-RT) ADL assessment was done with the FIM-FAM scoring system, which has seven domains with 30 sub-domains (maximum and minimum total scores are 210 and 30). RESULTS: The mean total FIM-FAM score of the entire @entity1 population was 167.5 (range 30-208). Scores in self care, sphincter control, mobility items, locomotion, communication items, psychological, and cognitive item domains were 39.49, 10.95, 22.70, 16.44, 28.93, 18.96, and 30.1, respectively. Univariate analysis showed total FIM-FAM scores not significantly different with age (< or =35 years vs. >35 years; P = 0.994), sex (male versus female; P = 0.133), and grade of the @entity5 (high-grade versus low-grade; P = 0.142) but were significantly higher in @entity1 with a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) of > or =70 as compared with <70 (P = 0.001), @entity16 ( @entity16 ) of 0 or 1 vs. 2 or 3; P = 0.001), disease type (benign versus malignant; P = 0.001), and site of disease (cerebral versus cerebellar; P = 0.024). Multivariate analysis confirmed these findings for KPS (P = 0.001) and @entity16 (P = 0.012) only. Age was a significant factor for poorer cognitive function (P = 0.005), psychological (P = 0.045), and self care function (P = 0.001). A trend for correlation between @entity5 sites with the corresponding function as assesses on the FIM-FAM score was observed. Mobility domain scores were poor for left parietal domain and @entity75 . Pearson correlation test demonstrated a significant correlation between KPS and @entity16 with FIM-FAM scores (P = <0.001). Average time to perform the FIM-FAM was 15-20 min. CONCLUSION: FIM-FAM system is relatively simple, easy to perform in routine clinical practice and may be used as a tool for assessment of rehabilitation program. There is strong correlation with age, type of @entity5 , and site of disease with different functional and cognitive domain impairment.

title: Factors influencing activities of daily living using FIM-FAM scoring system before starting adjuvant treatment in XXXX with @entity1313 : results from a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychological impairments']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological performance scale', 'NPS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial for frontal lobe lesion']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In this work, medium pressure plasma treatment of @entity7049 ( @entity1989 ) is investigated. @entity1989 is a biocompatible aliphatic polymer, which can be used for bone fixation devices and tissue engineering scaffolds. Due to inadequate surface properties, cell adhesion and proliferation are far less than optimal and a surface modification is required for most biomedical applications. By using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operating at medium pressure in different atmospheres, the surface properties of a @entity1989 foil are modified. After plasma treatment, water contact angle measurements showed an increased hydrophilic character of the foil surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed an increased @entity26 content. Cell culture tests showed that plasma modification of @entity1989 films increased the initial cell attachment both quantitatively and qualitatively. After 1 day, cells on plasma-treated @entity1989 showed a superior cell morphology in comparison with unmodified @entity1989 samples. However, after 7 days of culture, no significant differences were observed between untreated and plasma-modified @entity1989 samples. While plasma treatment improves the initial cell attachment, it does not seem to influence cell proliferation. It has also been observed that the difference between the 3 discharge gases is negligible when looking at the improved cell-material interactions. From economical point of view, plasma treatments in air are thus the best choice.

title: Plasma surface modification of XXXX to promote interaction with fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactic acid']

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['polylactic acid']


abstract: Chronic inflammatory states are associated with increased @entity604 . This increase is often linked to an elevation in @entity5271 ( @entity5271 ), a TNFalpha-like factor essential to osteoclast formation. In this study, we document the ability of @entity777 in combination with @entity777 soluble receptor ( @entity777 /IL-6sR) and @entity28842 to induce @entity5271 expression in stromal cells via @entity10433 ( @entity10433 ). We used chromatin immunoprecipitation-tiled DNA microarray analysis to determine sites of action of @entity10433 at the @entity5271 locus and to assess the consequences of binding on histone H4 acetylation and RNA polymerase II recruitment. Both @entity777 / @entity777 soluble receptor and @entity28842 stimulated @entity10433 binding upstream of the @entity5271 transcriptional start site. Although previously identified enhancers bound @entity10433 , a more distal enhancer termed mRLD6 was a particular focus of @entity10433 binding. When fused to a heterologous promoter, this enhancer was highly active, containing two functionally active STAT response elements. Importantly, small interfering RNA knockdown of @entity10433 mRNA and protein, but not that of @entity16279 or @entity23117 , was effective in limiting @entity5271 mRNA up-regulation. Interestingly, although RNA polymerase II and histone H4 acetylation marked many of the enhancers under basal conditions, the levels of both were strongly increased after cytokine treatment, particularly at mRLD6. Finally, mRLD6 was also a target for @entity1928 -induced cellular response element-binding protein ( @entity15983 ) recruitment, which potentiated cytokine activity. Our studies provide new insight into mechanisms by which glycoprotein 130 activating cytokines induce @entity5271 expression.

title: A novel distal enhancer mediates cytokine induction of mouse XXXX gene expression.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity10433 :: ('20848(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription 3', 'STAT3', 'Stat3']

entities_list: @entity5271 :: ('21943(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['RANKL', 'Rankl', 'receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity5271 :: (21943(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['RANKl']


abstract: Sixty @entity1 (mean age 73.5 years) with 88 leg @entity1066 that had not responded to conservative treatment had split skin grafts applied at the Department of Plastic Surgery, Link  ping, Sweden. Of 51 @entity3179 (88%) healed after a mean of 15 days (range 5-30); and 13 (62%) of the 21 arterial @entity1066 healed after a mean of 18 days (range 8-30). Additional skin grafting was done on nine of the venous and on three of the arterial @entity1066 . Twenty-two (49%) of the healed @entity3179 recurred after a mean of four months while only two (15%) of the healed arterial @entity1066 recurred after a mean of 10 months. At late follow up after a mean of four years 18 of the @entity1 were dead and 10 had had the leg in question amputated. Of the 34 @entity1 still alive who had not had amputations, 31 were investigated at open ward or interviewed by telephone and 23 @entity1 were examined with colour duplex scan. Seven of these @entity1 had @entity6008 . At duplex scan six @entity1 had no @entity4096 that could cause a leg @entity1066 . Of 16 @entity1 with @entity4096 10 @entity1 had only an inadequate superficial system. The mean cost for treating one leg @entity1066 by skin grafting is estimated at SEK 89000 (US 11125). We conclude that leg @entity1066 often heal with skin grafting but that @entity3179 often recur. To reduce the recurrence rate we suggest a better preoperative aetiological evaluation and improved postoperative treatment with a compression bandage.

title: Treatment of leg XXXX with split skin grafts: early and late results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers', 'venous leg ulcers 45']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous or arterial insufficiency', 'venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity6008 :: ('MESH:D007871', 'Disease') :: ['open leg ulcers']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: The hippocampus is widely used in investigations of different forms of synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation and kindling. Receptors for excitatory @entity1522 (EAAs) play a prominent role in these phenomena. Recently, is has been demonstrated that exposure of hippocampal slices to EAAs and related agonists produces biphasic effects on excitatory synaptic transmission: initial blockade of synaptic responses is followed by a delayed recovery. The recovered responses demonstrate altered pharmacological properties: they acquire sensitivity to @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) antagonists during @entity8854 ( @entity367 ) exposure and lose sensitivity to both @entity143 and non- @entity143 antagonists under @entity14424 ( @entity2574 ). These changes persist for many hours. It was suggested that this form of hippocampal plasticity may involve transitions between distinct states of synaptic functioning. To explore this possibility, we investigated several properties of synaptic transmission in the initial and EAA-modified states. Here we report that hippocampal postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) evoked under @entity367 or @entity2574 exposure completely lose sensitivity to omega-conotoxin GVIA ( @entity19376 ), a potent, specific, and irreversible blocker of certain types of neuronal @entity460 channels. After washout of the EAA, sensitivity to the toxin is regained. These results indicate that prolonged EAA exposure induces profound changes in the machinery of synaptic transmission, which include, but are not limited to, changes in @entity460 channel functioning.

title: Hippocampal synaptic plasticity induced by excitatory @entity1522 includes changes in sensitivity to the XXXX channel blocker, omega-conotoxin.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14424 :: ('CHEBI:29991', 'Chemical') :: ['L-aspartate']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the paucity of data available, stall-side serum amyloid (SAA) assays are commonly used to make diagnostic and treatment decisions in foals with @entity3127 . HYPOTHESIS: Measurement of SAA concentrations can accurately differentiate pneumonic from healthy foals. ANIMALS: Fifty-four pneumonic foals between 3 weeks and 5 months of age were compared to 44 healthy controls. In addition, 47 foals on a farm endemic for @entity5820 infections were studied. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from pneumonic foals at hospital admission. Foals were categorized as having @entity55 caused by @entity5820 or by other microorganisms based on culture of a tracheobronchial aspirate. In addition, serum samples were obtained at 2-week intervals from foals born at a farm endemic for @entity5820 . SAA concentrations were measured by a point-of-care assay. Diagnostic performance of SAA was assessed by use of receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Concentrations of SAA in foals with @entity3127 were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those of healthy foals, but 15 of 54 pneumonic foals (28%) had SAA concentrations <5  g/mL. There was no correlation between SAA concentrations and radiographic score in foals with @entity5820 @entity55 . The ability of SAA to predict development of @entity5820 @entity55 at the endemic farm was limited with a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 77%. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Overall, SAA concentrations are significantly higher in pneumonic than in healthy foals. However, performance of SAA in detecting pneumonic foals is limited by the high proportion of false-positive and false-negative results.

title: Clinical Assessment of a Point-of-Care Serum Amyloid A Assay in Foals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity3127 :: (MESH:D001996,Disease) :: ['Bronchopneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS To review the long-term results of treatment of @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) with conformal radiotherapy. METHODS Eleven @entity1 with presumed ONSM were treated with fractionated conformal radiotherapy using 45-54 Gy in 25-30 fractions and followed for more than 5 years. Affected eye visual acuity in logMAR notation, colour vision, threshold perimetry, mean deviation (dB) and imaging were studied before and after treatment. ANALYSIS Included adverse effects of treatment and the frequency of affected eye maintained or improved vision. RESULTS There were nine @entity1 and two @entity1 with a mean age of 45.3. Vision or field loss was the most common presentation. All had abnormal MR imaging. The follow-up period after radiotherapy was 61-156 months (mean 89.6). Visual acuity was unchanged or improved in 10 @entity1 (91%). The average difference between pretreatment and final logMAR visual acuity was 0.08, while the average difference in visual-field mean deviation was -4.63 dB. The radiographic appearance of the @entity5 was stable in size in nine @entity1 and decreased in two. No major side effects from radiation were seen. CONCLUSIONS Vision, MRI and complication outcomes are favourable for using fractionated conformal radiotherapy for ONSM.

title: Long-term response to fractionated radiotherapy of presumed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ONSMs', 'optic nerve sheath meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic nerve sheath meningioma']


abstract: The potential presence of @entity134 hormones in runoff from sites where biosolids have been used as agricultural fertilizers is an environmental concern. A study was conducted to assess the potential for runoff of seventeen different hormones and two @entity3150 , including @entity3800 , @entity172 , and progestogens from agricultural test plots. The field containing the test plots had been applied with biosolids for the first time immediately prior to this study. Target compounds were isolated by solid-phase extraction (water samples) and pressurized solvent extraction (solid samples), derivatized, and analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Runoff samples collected prior to biosolids application had low concentrations of two hormones ( @entity1815 <0.8 to 2.23 ng L(-1) and @entity2671 <0.8 to 1.54 ng L(-1)) and @entity165 (22.5    3.8  g L(-1)). In contrast, significantly higher concentrations of multiple @entity172 (<0.8 to 25.0 ng L(-1)), @entity3800 (<2 to 216 ng L(-1)), and @entity1420 (<8 to 98.9 ng L(-1)) were observed in runoff samples taken 1, 8, and 35 days after biosolids application. A significant positive correlation was observed between antecedent rainfall amount and hormone mass loads (runoff). Hormones in runoff were primarily present in the dissolved phase (<0.7- m GF filter), and, to a lesser extent bound to the suspended-particle phase. Overall, these results indicate that rainfall can mobilize hormones from biosolids-amended agricultural fields, directly to surface waters or redistributed to terrestrial sites away from the point of application via runoff. Although concentrations decrease over time, 35 days is insufficient for complete degradation of hormones in soil at this site.

title: XXXX hormone runoff from agricultural test plots applied with municipal biosolids.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity943 are common early after @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation. We hypothesized that empirical antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy for 6 weeks after @entity955 would reduce the occurrence of @entity943 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We randomized consecutive @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 undergoing ablation to empirical antiarrhythmic therapy (AAD group) or no antiarrhythmic therapy (no-AAD group) for the first 6 weeks after ablation. In the no-AAD group, only atrioventricular nodal blocking agents were prescribed. All @entity1 wore a transtelephonic monitor for 4 weeks after discharge and were reevaluated at 6 weeks. The primary end point of the study was a composite of (1) @entity943 lasting more than 24 hours; (2) @entity943 associated with severe symptoms requiring hospital admission, cardioversion, or initiation/change of antiarrhythmic drug therapy; and (3) intolerance to antiarrhythmic agent requiring drug cessation. Of 110 enrolled @entity1 (age 55+/-9 years, 71% male), 53 were randomized to AAD and 57 to no-AAD. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between groups. During the 6 weeks after ablation, fewer @entity1 reached the primary end point in the AAD compared with the no-AAD group (19% versus 42%; P=0.005). There remained fewer events in the AAD group (13% versus 28%; P=0.05) when only end points of @entity955 >24 hours, @entity943 -related hospitalization, or electrical cardioversion were compared. CONCLUSIONS: AAD treatment during the first 6 weeks after @entity955 is well tolerated and reduces the incidence of clinically significant @entity943 and need for cardioversion/hospitalization for @entity943 management.

title: Antiarrhythmics After Ablation of XXXX (5A Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'Atrial arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['AF ablation', 'atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) is one of the most serious complications of @entity6 worldwide. Strong evidence suggests that several growth factors may contribute to the initiation and progressive @entity82 of @entity2316 . Recently, there is an overexpression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in renal biopsies from @entity1 with @entity2316 . This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of urinary PDGF-BB level in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with and without @entity8 and to evaluate its relationship with various clinical and laboratory parameters. METHODS: Urinary levels of PDGF-BB were measured in 60 Egyptian type 2 @entity6 @entity1 categorized into three equal groups (normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuria), according to urinary albumin level. In addition, 20 healthy subjects were selected to serve as controls. RESULTS: The urinary PDGF-BB levels were significantly increased in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 as compared to controls (p < 0.001). Moreover, diabetics with micro- and macroalbuminuria had significantly higher levels than in those with normoalbuminuria (p < 0.001). Urinary PDGF-BB correlated positively with disease duration, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 , and urinary albumin and negatively with @entity1011 clearance in @entity6 @entity1 . In a multiple regression model, urinary PDGF-BB was strongly and independently associated with @entity8 in @entity6 @entity1 (b = -0.03, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PDGF-BB may play an important role in the initiation and progression of @entity2316 . It is considered as a good predictor for early deterioration of renal function in @entity2316 . Thus, measurement of urinary PDGF-BB in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 could be used for early detection of @entity2316 .

title: Urinary platelet-derived growth factor-BB as an early marker of XXXX in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 : an Egyptian study.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'Diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of @entity15 ( @entity15 )-associated @entity1596 . METHODS: In this retrospective, interventional case series, @entity1 with @entity15 -associated @entity1596 who were treated by @entity2098 as an adjunct therapy to systemic @entity228 were studied. @entity1 ' demographics, clinical course, response to treatment, and complications were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 30 eyes of 15 @entity1 with a mean age of 34.5    8.3 years were studied. In three @entity1 (20%), onset of @entity1596 preceded the diagnosis of @entity15 . The course of @entity15 was relapsing-remitting in 11 @entity1 (73.3%) and secondary progressive in four @entity1 (26.7%). At 1 year after institution of @entity2098 , all the @entity1 were on oral @entity617  <= 7.5 mg/day, all eyes were quiet without macular @entity4 , and 53.3% of @entity227 . Supplemental periocular and intraocular injections were needed during the first 6 months after starting @entity2098 therapy. The systemic adverse effects were transient and minor in severity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2098 had beneficial effects on vision and intraocular inflammation with an acceptable safety profile.

title: @entity618 for the Treatment of XXXX -associated @entity1596 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['eyes gained visual improvement']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: @entity4801 of fish in fully bunded storage reservoirs has rarely been studied, while the impact of a rapid decline in a fish population on its parasite fauna is poorly understood. The present paper investigates the helminth fauna of perch (Perca fluviatilis) over a 5-year period in the Queen Mary reservoir, a large (290 ha) completely artificial water storage impoundment, which forms a unique and challenging habitat for its resident fish population. After 3 years of study, the perch population suffered a significant reduction due to a disease outbreak caused by the pathogenic bacterium @entity19136 , ' @entity66 ', and the subsequent effects on the helminth fauna over the next 2 years are evaluated. Conditions in the reservoir favour the development of large populations of zooplankton, which act as intermediate hosts for the majority of helminths in the dominant perch community. The prevalence and @entity281 showed much variation over the period prior to the perch mortality. These were likely to be due to changes in the zooplankton biomass, which was exposed to biotoxins released from periodic @entity10673 and the application of @entity920 to control them. The outbreak of @entity19136 resulted in a significant decrease in the size and condition coefficient of the perch population. Changes also occurred in the composition of helminth parasites, with many species demonstrating either an increase or decrease in infection levels. These changes may be partly associated with an increase in the zooplankton biomass and altered population structure, probably caused by a decrease in fish predation pressure, which would influence the parasite population dynamics, although other factors directly associated with changes in the perch population are also likely to be influential. The long-term affects on the levels of @entity281 in the fish and associated intermediate hosts in the Queen Mary reservoir are discussed.

title: Consequences of an outbreak of @entity66 ( XXXX ) to the helminth fauna of perch (Perca fluviatilis) in the Queen Mary reservoir, south-east England.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['columnaris disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intensity of helminth infections', 'helminth infections']

entities_list: @entity19136 :: ('996', 'Species') :: ['F. columnare', 'Flavobacterium columnare']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['Parasitism']

entities_list: @entity10673 :: ('MESH:D001816', 'Disease') :: ['algal blooms']

answer: @entity19136 :: (996,Species) :: ['Flavobacterium columnare']


abstract: In a pharmaceutical industry, several cases of @entity56 caused by the beta-adrenergic blocking agent @entity21656 (Aptin) have appeared. This report deals with 12 @entity1 and two @entity1 who developed @entity484 during work with the substance. In 13 of the 14 cases, the induction time for sensitization was less than 1 year. The skin reactions were very florid. After healing they could be reproduced by very small quantities of the substance. In one case, @entity484 could also be produced after ingestion of Aptin tablets. All the cases were transferred to other work within the factory. An intensive programme was implemented to remove dust from the working areas. Despite this, isolated new cases still appear. Some employees in contact with the substance also experienced mucous membrane symptoms. These symptoms could not be shown to have an allergic aetiology, but were considered to be irritant reactions. @entity21656 must be considered a very strong contact allergen.

title: Contact XXXX produced by a beta-adrenergic blocking agent ( @entity21656 ).

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact eczema']

entities_list: @entity21656 :: ('MESH:D000526', 'Chemical') :: ['Alprenolol', 'alprenolol']

answer: @entity484 :: (MESH:D004485,Disease) :: ['eczema']


abstract: The @entity698 is one of the most common entities that could be met at surgical department. Chronic @entity2371 of right iliac fossa is common and it causes disability and distress and results in significant costs to health services. Often, investigation by laparoscopy reveals no obvious cause for @entity158 . There are several possible explanations for chronic @entity2371 including undetected @entity1744 , the vascular hypothesis where @entity158 is thought to arise from dilated pelvic veins in which blood flow is markedly reduced and altered spinal cord and brain processing of stimuli in @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 . As the pathophysiology of chronic @entity2371 is not well understood, its treatment is often unsatisfactory and limited to symptom relief. We aimed to identify and review treatments for chronic @entity2371 related to @entity698 . Frequently ultrasound and CT scan cannot confirm the diagnosis of @entity102 due to non significant swelling of @entity2466 . The study excludes @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity530 , those with @entity158 known to be caused by @entity13374 or @entity1744 . Detailed history, clinical examination, and serological and radiological investigations failed to reveal the cause of the @entity158 in all cases. We presumed that @entity158 is caused by @entity102 with appendicolithiasis and that removal of appendix will result in symptom relief. We performed study with 75 @entity1 treated by laparoscopic appendectomy. Duration of symptoms ranged from 3 to 48 months, with a mean of 13.1 months. All @entity1 included in this study had right iliac fossa @entity158 lasting more than three months. We performed radiological contrast studies to verify appendicolithiasis of irregularity of appendicular wall. @entity1 with mild symptoms were excluded, only @entity1 that have symptoms that cause disability were operated. We compared @entity158 according to localization, duration and character. We evaluated the @entity158 one month after operation and compared its characteristics with @entity158 . There is strong evidence that @entity282 is significantly lower in operated @entity1 and most of them are without any symptoms after operation.

title: Laparoscopic treatment of lower abdominal pain related to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['vermiform appendix']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['gynecological disorders']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic congestion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'preoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic appendicitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5607 ( @entity5607 ) is an @entity1141 that may result in @entity85 . The purpose of this study was 2-fold: to describe the natural history of @entity85 in @entity1 with @entity5607 , with particular attention to those who develop @entity8244 , and to determine predictors of @entity85 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed charts of all @entity1 with @entity5607 evaluated at our institution. @entity1 with the presence of a radiographically visible @entity705 in the forearm were divided into 5 groups or types based on location of the @entity705 (s). Radiographic measurements included radial articular angle, percent ulnar variance, radial bow, radial length, ulnar length, and ulnar bow. The predictive values of each measure were statistically evaluated for each type with relation to @entity8244 . RESULTS: Of 146 @entity1 with @entity5607 , 102 @entity1 (70%) had forearm involvement. Appropriate anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were available on 48 @entity1 (76 forearms). Average age at initial radiographic evaluation was 12 years (range, 2-18 y). Average follow-up period was 7 years (range 1-19 y). Thirteen forearms demonstrated @entity8244 , with all but 1 reported in the type 1 limbs ( @entity705 ). @entity8244 was noted in 34% (12/35 forearms) of type 1 limbs. CONCLUSIONS: Forearms with @entity705 of the distal ulna are the ones most likely to develop @entity8244 . Because the ulna growth is disproportionately less than radial growth, the soft tissues may act as a tether, linking the distal radius and ulna, and lead to @entity8244 . Changes in radiographic measurements may predict limbs at risk for @entity8244 .

title: Effect of @entity705 location on XXXX in @entity1 with @entity5607 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['isolated osteochondromas', 'solitary distal ulna osteochondroma', 'osteochondroma']

entities_list: @entity8244 :: ('MESH:C566728', 'Disease') :: ['Radial head dislocation', 'radial head dislocation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'forearm deformity']

entities_list: @entity5607 :: ('MESH:D005097', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple hereditary osteochondromatosis', 'MHO']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant skeletal dysplasia']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['forearm deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2828 family of @entity5 (ESFT), characterized by t(11;22)(q24;q12), is one of the most common @entity5 of bone in @entity1 and young adults. In addition to @entity12726 / @entity21468 gene fusion, copy number changes are known to be significant for the underlying neoplastic development of ESFT and for @entity1 outcome. Our genome-wide high-resolution analysis aspired to pinpoint genomic regions of highest interest and possible target genes in these areas. METHODS: Array @entity8625 ( @entity8625 ) and expression arrays were used to screen for copy number alterations and expression changes in ESFT @entity1 samples. A total of 31 ESFT samples were analyzed by aCGH and in 16 @entity1 DNA and RNA level data, created by expression arrays, was integrated. Time of the follow-up of these @entity1 was 5-192 months. Clinical outcome was statistically evaluated by Kaplan-Meier/Logrank methods and RT-PCR was applied on 42 @entity1 samples to study the gene of the highest interest. RESULTS: Copy number changes were detected in 87% of the cases. The most recurrent copy number changes were gains at 1q, 2, 8, and 12, and losses at 9p and 16q. Cumulative event free survival (ESFT) and overall survival (OS) were significantly better (P < 0.05) for @entity5 with three or less copy number changes than for @entity5 with higher number of copy number aberrations. In three samples copy number imbalances were detected in chromosomes 11 and 22 affecting the @entity21468 and @entity12726 loci, suggesting that an unbalanced t(11;22) and subsequent duplication of the derivative chromosome harboring fusion gene is a common event in ESFT. Further, amplifications on chromosomes 20 and 22 seen in one @entity1 sample suggest a novel translocation type between @entity12726 and an unidentified fusion partner at 20q. In total 20 novel ESFT associated putative oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes were found in the integration analysis of array @entity8625 and expression data. Quantitative RT-PCR to study the expression levels of the most interesting gene, @entity31451 , confirmed that its expression was higher than in control samples. However, no association between @entity31451 expression and @entity1 survival was observed. CONCLUSION: We conclude that array @entity8625 and integration analysis proved to be effective methods to identify chromosome regions and novel target genes involved in the tumorigenesis of ESFT.

title: Combined use of expression and @entity8625 arrays pinpoints novel candidate genes in XXXX family of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['CGH', 'comparative genomic hybridization']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing sarcoma']