abstract: @entity3524 1 g intramuscularly (i.m.) 12-hourly was compared with @entity2756 1 g i.m. 12-hourly in adult @entity1 requiring hospitalization with uncomplicated @entity497 . Fifty-two @entity1 were enrolled and two were subsequently withdrawn, leaving 50 @entity1 who completed the study; 23 received @entity3524 and 27 received @entity2756 . Clinical cure was achieved in 49 of the 50 @entity1 (98%). One treatment failure occurred in a @entity1 who received @entity2756 . The only significant pathogen isolated from the pretreatment sputum cultures was @entity328 (50%). All isolates were sensitive to both drugs. @entity3524 1 g i.m. 12-hourly was as effective as @entity2756 in the treatment of @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity497 requiring hospital admission.

title: Comparison of @entity3524 with @entity2756 given intramuscularly 12-hourly for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime', 'Cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The study aimed to examine correlations between blood pressure (BP) responses to direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation and parameters of renal function, serum @entity414 (SUA) level, and mean preoperative BP. Fifty-four @entity1 (>= 40 years) who were scheduled for oral surgery were analyzed. General anesthesia was induced by the rapid sequence method without opioid analgesics. Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, @entity13520 ) in the operation room were measured when an electrocardiogram, a BP cuff, and a pulse oximetry probe were attached to the @entity1 (T1) and immediately after the @entity825 was intubated (T2). The   SBP was defined as the difference between SBP at T2 and T1. The increasing rate of SBP (  SBPr) was defined as   SBP/SBP at T1. SBP at T2 was associated with increasing age (R   =   0.44), serum @entity1011 (R   =   0.32), SUA (R   =   0.30), mean preoperative SBP and @entity13520 (R   =   0.54 and 0.37, respectively), and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (R   =   -0.44). Serum @entity1011 and SUA were positively associated, and eGFR was negatively associated with   SBP (R   =   0.36, 0.34, and -0.29) and   SBPr (R   =   0.39, 0.37, and -0.29). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age and mean preoperative SBP was independently associated with SBP at T2, and serum @entity1011 was independently associated with   SBP and   SBPr. These findings suggested that elevated serum @entity1011 level, as well as elevated preoperative BP level, was associated with enhanced BP responses to acute stress in middle-aged to elderly @entity1 .

title: Associations between blood pressure responses to acute stress and impaired renal function and serum XXXX level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['uric acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the pattern and incidence of @entity295 occurring in neonatal units in Australia. DESIGN: A one-year prospective study of babies with systemic @entity295 within 48 hours of birth (early-onset @entity295 ) or after this time (late-onset @entity295 ) in seven Australian neonatal units. @entity295 was defined as clinical @entity295 , plus either positive @entity364 of blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid, or group B streptococcal antigen detected in the urine. RESULTS: There were 241 episodes of @entity295 , affecting 234 babies. One quarter (61) were early-onset, a rate of 2.2 per 1000 live births. @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) was the commonest cause of early-onset @entity295 , with a rate of 1.3 per 1000 live births. The incidence of early-onset @entity1892 was lower at a hospital which screened for maternal carriage and used intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for all carriers. The rate of late-onset @entity295 was 4.4 per 1000 live births and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the commonest cause. @entity693 occurred in 23% of babies with early-onset and in 10% with late-onset @entity295 . The mortality from early-onset @entity295 was 15%, and from late-onset @entity295 was 9%. There were no major regional variations, other than for @entity1892 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of and mortality from @entity295 is comparable to other countries, and shows no major regional variation. The use of intrapartum antibiotics may reduce the incidence of @entity1892 . There are no previous comparable data on neonatal infections in Australia.

title: XXXX in infants in Australian neonatal units. Australian Study Group for Neonatal Infections.

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Group B streptococcus', 'neonatal GBS sepsis', 'GBS sepsis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial or fungal culture']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'neonatal sepsis', 'Systemic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Systemic bacterial and fungal infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to determine the efficacy of @entity136 and @entity901 in @entity1 with advanced or metastatic @entity788 (ACA). @entity1 AND METHODS: Pancreatic ACA @entity1 with previously untreated advanced or metastatic disease were enrolled in a phase II study of @entity136 and @entity901 . @entity901 was given i.v. on day 1 and @entity136 i.v. on days 1 and 8 of a 3-week cycle. The primary end point of the trial was 6-month survival. Secondary end points included response rate, overall survival, median time to progression and @entity137 . RESULTS: A total of 47 @entity1 were enrolled, 46 of whom were evaluable. Of those @entity1 assessed for the primary end point 50% lived for > or =6 months. The median time to progression was 4.53 months. Five confirmed responses were seen with a median duration of response of 2.7 months. Overall, the treatment was well tolerated. However, one @entity1 died as a result of treatment-related @entity1381 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity136 and @entity901 , at doses of 1000 mg/m(2) and 100 mg/m(2), respectively, showed moderate activity in @entity1 with pancreatic ACA. Based on the results of this study further evaluation of this combination is warranted.

title: @entity136 and @entity901 for metastatic XXXX : a North Central Cancer Treatment Group phase II study.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe helical CT findings of gastric mucosa-associated @entity1074 and to correlate them with pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed CT examinations of 58 @entity1 with confirmed @entity6595 . Using the histopathologic grade of the @entity1074 , we divided the @entity1 into two groups: those with high-grade @entity706 (n = 21) and those with @entity1893 (n = 37). Common CT findings for the two groups were reviewed and compared. RESULTS: Forty (69%) of the 58 @entity1 showed at least one abnormality of the stomach on CT. Abnormalities included diffuse or segmental gastric wall thickening (66%, 38/58), @entity3329 (40%, 23/58), @entity1066 (22%, 13/58), and @entity356 (3%, 2/58). Eighteen (31%) of 58 @entity1 were found to have no abnormality. The high-grade group had a higher incidence of abnormalities seen on CT than the low-grade group (100% vs 51%, respectively). Gastric wall thickening in the high-grade group was more diffuse (48% vs 8%) and severe (71% vs 14%; severe or moderate) than that seen in the low-grade group. Lymphadenopathy was visualized in 67% of the high-grade group and in 24% of the low-grade group. Gastric @entity1066 was found in 57% of the high-grade group and in only 5% of the low-grade group. The @entity356 formation was seen in only two @entity1 in the high-grade group. CONCLUSION: The CT findings of @entity6595 that the two groups had in common were gastric wall thickening and @entity3329 . Although our results pointed to no specific CT finding for differentiating high-grade from low-grade @entity6595 , we found that the absence of abnormality on CT is highly predictive of low-grade @entity1074 .

title: XXXX -associated @entity706 : helical CT findings and pathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric MALT lymphomas', 'gastric MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'MALT lymphomas', 'lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mass']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric mucosa']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate the feasibility of an automatic adaptive acquisition sequence. Magnetic resonance perfusion pulse sequences often leave potential acquisition time unused in @entity1 with lower @entity299 ( @entity299 ) and smaller body size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A perfusion technique was developed that automatically adapts to @entity299 and field-of-view by maximizing in-plane spatial resolution while maintaining temporal resolution every cardiac cycle. @entity1 (n   =   10) and volunteers (n   =   10) were scanned with both a standard resolution and adaptive method. Image quality was scored, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculated, and width of dark-rim artifact (DRA) measured. RESULTS: The acquired spatial resolution of the adaptive sequence (1.92 * 1.92 mm(2)         0.34) was higher than the standard resolution (2.42 * 2.42 mm(2) ) (P   <   0.0001). Mean DRA width was reduced using the adaptive pulse sequence (1.94        0.60 mm vs. 2.82        0.65 mm, P   <   0.0001). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was higher with the standard pulse sequence (6.7        2.2 vs. 3.8        1.8, P   <   0.0001). There was no difference in image quality score between sequences in either volunteers (1.1        0.31 vs. 1.0        0.0, P   =   0.34) or @entity1 (1.3        0.48 vs. 1.3        0.48, P   =   1.0). CONCLUSION: Optimizing the use of available imaging time during first-pass perfusion with a magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequence that adapts image acquisition duration to @entity299 and @entity1 size is feasible. Acquired in-plane spatial resolution is improved, the DRA is reduced, and while SNR is reduced with the adaptive sequence consistent with the lower voxel size used, image quality is maintained. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:946-953.

title: XXXX adaptive maximal resolution magnetic resonance myocardial stress perfusion imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart-rates', 'HR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: We examined the effect of prolonged @entity1448 , and subsequent biliary decompression, on biochemical and metabolic parameters, using a reversible @entity1087 model in male Fischer 344 @entity35 . The animals were studied after @entity253 for varying periods (4 days, one week, and two weeks) and following decompression. They were sacrificed one or two weeks following decompression. All the @entity35 were compared to sham operated, pair-fed, controls. @entity3883 rapidly increased @entity648 , liver enzymes, serum free @entity844 , and @entity412 levels. @entity413 levels were significantly decreased in the @entity1087 @entity35 compared to their pair-fed controls. Only after two weeks of @entity1087 was significant @entity4988 observed. Following decompression, all biochemical and metabolic values gradually returned to normal levels, except for albumin. @entity4988 was not reversed within the two-week post-decompression period. The @entity35 jaundiced for two weeks had significantly higher mortality, compared to the other groups. We conclude that prolonged @entity1087 adversely affects the metabolic capacity of the @entity35 , with albumin concentration being markedly decreased, and that biliary decompression could not reverse completely all the alterations seen with @entity1448 , especially following two weeks of @entity1448 .

title: Metabolic alterations in obstructive @entity1087 : effect of duration of XXXX and bile-duct decompression.

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia', 'Hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct obstruction', 'cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

answer: @entity1087 :: (MESH:D007565,Disease) :: ['jaundice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is now commonly indicated for @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) within the lamina propria mucosa. However, EMR for @entity1721 that has invaded the muscularis mucosa is controversial because the risk of @entity1600 is not negligible. We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study to investigate the incidence of @entity1600 and survival after EMR for @entity1721 invading the muscularis mucosa. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 104 @entity1 with 111 lesions invading the muscularis mucosa, were retrospectively studied at eight institutes. No @entity1 exhibited evidence of @entity3 of lymph nodes or distant organs prior to EMR. Overall and cause-specific survival rates were calculated from the date of EMR to the date of @entity204 or the most recent follow-up visit. Survival curves were plotted according to the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: In total, 86 @entity1 (82.7%) who did not receive further treatment such as chemotherapy, irradiation therapy, chemoradiotherapy, or esophagectomy after EMR were followed up. Only two @entity1 (1.9%) developed @entity1600 after EMR. With a median follow-up period of 43 months (range, 8-134 months), overall and cause-specific survival rates at 5 years after EMR were 79.5% and 95.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: EMR for @entity1721 that invades the muscularis mucosa has curative potential as a minimally invasive treatment option.

title: Clinical outcome after endoscopic mucosal resection for XXXX invading the muscularis mucosae--a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity302 is a common @entity16 that is difficult to manage in a substantial portion of @entity1 , highlighting the continued need for more effective and better tolerated drugs. A multicentric study was conducted from August, 2011 to July, 2013 using @entity4677 ( @entity29279 ) in newely diagnosed @entity302 in 122 young @entity1 of 1-5 years age group to find its role in practical scenario depending upon the knowledge from prior literature available. It has been demonstrated effective as adjunctive therapy as well as monotherapy for new-onset partial @entity410 and generalised @entity410 (GTCS) but it acts better as adjunctive therapy than the monotherapy. When @entity29279 was used as adjunctive therapy 15.4% @entity1 with partial @entity410 were @entity410 -free as compared to 11.12% in GTCS and when @entity29279 was used as monotherapy 16.17% @entity1 with partial @entity410 were @entity410 -free as compared to 15.38% in GTCS. When @entity29279 was used as add on therapy 16.67% @entity1 < 2 years were @entity410 -free as compared to 17.85% in > 2 years. When @entity29279 was used as monotherapy 25.00% @entity1 < 2 years were @entity410 -free as compared to 18.18% > 2 years. So, it was found more efficacious in partial group of @entity410 than the GTCS variety. It also shows more efficacy in older age group (> 2 years) than the younger ones (< 2 years). @entity2147 and behavioural changes were noted as ad- verse effects in a few cases. So, @entity29279 is an important addition to the treatment of @entity302 .

title: New onset XXXX in 1-5 years age group @entity1 --approach to management in a tertiary care centre with newer anti- @entity302 @entity4677 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['paediatric neurologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['Somnolence']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'paediatric epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['paediatric epilepsy']


abstract: The sensitivity of @entity1 tissues and @entity5 to infection with type C adenoviruses correlates with the expression of the @entity1 coxsackie B- and adenovirus receptor, @entity9698 . @entity9698 is heterogeneously expressed in various tissues and types of @entity1 @entity5 cells, which has implications for the use of adenoviruses as vectors in @entity5 gene therapy. Using immunoblotting, real-time PCR, FACS-analysis and sensitivity to infection with adenovirus-lacZ, we analyzed the expression level of @entity9698 in @entity11 Grade IV cell lines. With real-time PCR, we also analyzed @entity9698 expression in primary @entity1 @entity816 of different malignancy grades, as well as in their xenograft derivatives. Analysis of a set of 10 cell lines showed great variation in @entity9698 expression. Susceptibility to @entity11650 lacZ correlated well with @entity9698 expression, whereas no correlation was observed with the expression of alphavbeta3/alphavbeta5 integrins, proposed to function as co-receptors for adenoviruses. A great variation of @entity9698 expression was also observed in primary @entity816 of different malignancy grades. The mean value of @entity9698 expression was significantly lower in 22 Grade IV @entity5 as compared to the values for 6 Grade II (p = 0.01) and 6 Grade III (p = 0.01) @entity5 . When the @entity9698 expression in 11 xenografts derived from Grade IV @entity11 were compared to the levels detected in the original parental @entity5 , a mean 12-fold higher expression was seen in the xenografts (P = 0.01). Two xenografts with low @entity9698 expression grew considerably faster than the @entity9698 -expressing cells. Our results have relevance for the use of adenoviruses in gene therapy against @entity816 .

title: Expression of the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor in @entity1 XXXX and xenografts.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['astrocytic tumors']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) could be important causative agents of a number of @entity1 diseases, including @entity5 . Thus, antioxidants, which control the oxidative stress state, represent a major line of defense regulating overall health. @entity1 plasma contains many different nonenzymatic antioxidants. Because of their number, it is difficult to measure each of these different antioxidants separately. In addition, the antioxidant status in @entity1 plasma is dynamic and may be affected by many factors. Thus, the relationship between nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity of plasma and levels of well-known markers of oxidative stress (oxidized proteins, lipid @entity8415 , decreases in @entity1432 groups) better reflects health status. The present study considers antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in @entity1 plasma of @entity1 with @entity694 or @entity1613 , as well as before and after surgical @entity5 and/or chemo/radiation therapy. Healthy blood donors were used as controls. @entity694 @entity1 demonstrated a significant decrease in nonproteic antioxidant status and in total @entity1432 groups with respect to healthy controls, whereas oxidized proteins and lipid @entity273 levels were significantly increased. In @entity1 with @entity1613 , the only unmodified parameter was the @entity1432 group level. After surgery, the levels of oxidized proteins, lipid @entity8415 , and total @entity1432 groups were restored to those seen in healthy subjects, whereas nonproteic antioxidant capacity remained unmodified from that determined before surgery. Conversely, chemo/radiation therapy increased both nonproteic antioxidant capacity and levels of oxidized proteins and lipid @entity8415 and significantly decreased total @entity1432 groups. These results further support the hypothesis that oxidative stress correlates to the risk of some forms of @entity5 , not only in the initial stages but also during progression.

title: Nonproteic antioxidant status in plasma of subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity8415 :: ('CHEBI:35924', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxides']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'removal of tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Posterior cerebral @entity438 are amenable to deconstructive surgical treatment because of the rich collateral supply of the @entity1416 . This report retrospectively analyses the outcome of endovascular parent @entity432 for large or fusiform @entity1416 aneurysms. Medical records and cerebral angiograms from two endovascular centres were analysed retrospectively. Eight @entity1 with large or fusiform @entity1416 (PCA) @entity439 were treated by endovascular occlusion of the segment of the PCA at the site of the @entity439 . Three of those were treated urgently after acute @entity510 , the remainder had elective treatment. The clinical and angiographic outcomes in seven @entity1 were assessed at 6 to 12 months. A single case of @entity1188 resulting in permanent homonymous @entity1805 was the only permanent complication. Of the remaining @entity1 , six made excellent recoveries and one was lost to follow-up. No recurrence or re-bleeding was noted. Endovascular parent @entity432 may be an alternative to surgical parent @entity432 in @entity438 which are not convenient for selective endovascular treatment or surgical clipping.

title: Endovascular parent XXXX in large-giant or fusiform @entity1416 aneurysms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['distal posterior cerebral artery']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['occipital infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['distal PCA aneurysms', 'artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated safety and efficacy of @entity17482 / @entity17482 (PTK/ZK), a novel @entity669 kinase inhibitor of KIT, platelet-derived growth factor receptors and vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), in @entity1 with @entity2213 -resistant @entity674 ( @entity674 ). This is the first study of PTK/ZK in this population. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with metastatic @entity674 that had progressed after >/= 4-week treatment with @entity2213 were eligible. Prior @entity319 inhibitor therapy was not permitted. PTK/ZK 1250 mg orally once-daily was administered to 15 @entity1 (accrued as a two-stage procedure), most of whom (n = 11) had been unsuccessfully treated with @entity2213 800 mg daily, until treatment failure. @entity1 were monitored at 4- to 8-week intervals. RESULTS: All 15 @entity1 enrolled were eligible; two (13%) achieved partial response (PR), eight (53%) had @entity66 ( @entity66 ) >/=3 months, and five (33%) progressed. The clinical benefit rate (PR + @entity66 ) was 67% (95% CI 38% to 86%). Median time to progression was 8.5 months (range 0.9-24.8+ months). Three @entity1 had not progressed at the time of analysis, including one PR at 24.8 months and two SDs at 16.6 and 18.6 months on treatment. PTK/ZK was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: PTK/ZK 1250 mg p.o. once daily is active and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity2213 -resistant @entity674 .

title: Phase II, open-label study of @entity17482 / @entity17482 for the treatment of metastatic @entity674 resistant to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib mesylate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Adult @entity1 with @entity1498 may have complications after childhood repair. Other adult @entity1 have @entity1498 and @entity438 . The optimal management of such cases is not clearly established. We evaluated the role of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and @entity1167 . METHODS: Thirteen adult @entity1 (mean age 38 years) with @entity1498 and coexisting @entity5216 were treated. Five @entity1 had @entity2849 develop after bypass grafting (n = 3) or patch angioplasty (n = 2). These were detected a mean of 21 years (range 13-44 years) after the initial operation. Four @entity2849 were asymptomatic, and 1 had @entity397 . One @entity1 had recurrent @entity1498 from @entity82 of a 10-mm bypass graft inserted 15 years previously. The remaining 7 @entity1 had @entity438 (n = 5), @entity439 of the ascending aorta and arch (n = 1), or @entity850 of the left subclavian artery (n = 1) in combination with moderate or severe @entity1498 . Resection and interposition graft replacement of the aneurysmal or stenotic aortic segments were performed in all cases with an interval of hypothermic @entity1167 that averaged 44 +/- 5 minutes (range 33-54 minutes). Seven @entity1 had interposition graft replacement of aneurysmal or stenotic left subclavian arteries. RESULTS: There were no in-hospital or late deaths (maximal follow-up 7 years). No @entity1 had @entity1545 , @entity912 , myocardial, respiratory, or @entity177 . No @entity1 has evidence of recurrent @entity1498 or @entity439 formation. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermic @entity1167 can safely be used in the treatment of complex @entity1498 . It permits accurate delineation of the anatomy with minimal dissection, avoidance of aortic clamping and sacrifice of intercostal arteries, precise interposition graft repair, and adequate protection of vital organs.

title: @entity1498 in the adult: management of complications and coexisting arterial abnormalities with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous obliteration']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation', 'coarctation', 'adult coarctation']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the aorta and left subclavian artery']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms of the left subclavian artery', 'aneurysms of the aorta and the left subclavian artery']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine whether the examination of color stimulated acoustic emission in the late phase of Levovist (SH U 508A; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) enhancement is helpful in the discrimination between benign and @entity409 . METHODS: Fifty-six @entity1 with focal @entity99 were examined. Diagnosis of the lesions was confirmed by liver biopsy, computed tomography, or scintigraphy. Thirty-one @entity1 had @entity409 : hepatocellular @entity189 (n = 14), @entity201 (n = 1), @entity3 (n = 14), and @entity706 (n = 2). Twenty-five @entity1 had benign lesions: focal @entity4383 (n = 8), @entity6594 (n = 1), focal hyposteatosis or hypersteatosis (n = 6), @entity2695 (n = 7), and regenerative cirrhotic nodules (n = 3). After a delay of 5 to 10 minutes without scanning, the liver was examined by color stimulated acoustic emission with a fast sweep of 1 to 3 seconds. RESULTS: All @entity1 with homogeneous color stimulated acoustic emission in the late phase of Levovist enhancement had benign @entity409 (P < .001; specificity, 100%; sensitivity, 68%; positive predictive value, 100%; and negative predictive value, 79%). Eighty-one percent of the @entity1 with nonenhancing lesions in the late phase surrounded by enhanced liver parenchyma had @entity409 (P < .001; specificity, 72%; sensitivity, 94%; positive predictive value, 81%; and negative predictive value, 90%). Interobserver agreement (weighted kappa value) improved from 0.570 +/- 0.038 for baseline sonography to 0.918 +/- 0.028 for color stimulated acoustic emission sonography. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for color stimulated acoustic emission sonography (0.927) was significantly higher than for baseline sonography (0.739; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Color stimulated acoustic emission in the late phase of Levovist enhancement has a high specificity and sensitivity for differentiation between benign and malignant focal @entity409 .

title: Differentiation between benign and XXXX : utility of color stimulated acoustic emission with the microbubble contrast agent Levovist.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver lesions', 'liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6594 :: ('MESH:C564190', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['malignant hepatic lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although atypical antipsychotic agents are commonly used in the treatment of @entity308 , there are no published prospective studies on their use in this condition. The aim of this study was to assess, by interim analyses, the efficacy of the atypical antipsychotic agent @entity1037 in combination with the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor antidepressant agent @entity905 . METHOD: We enrolled 27 @entity1 (17 @entity1 [63.0%] and 10 @entity1 [37.0%]; mean +/- SD age: 41.2 +/- 14.7 years) with DSM-IV-defined major @entity308 with @entity716 features into an open trial of @entity1037 , 5 to 20 mg/day, plus @entity905 , 20 to 80 mg/day. @entity1 were assessed at each visit with the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 and both the @entity716 and mood modules of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV @entity74 , @entity1 Edition. We are reporting the results of the first 6 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Twenty-two (81.5%) of the 27 enrolled @entity1 completed the 6-week open trial, and 5 (18.5%) dropped out, with only 2 (7.4%) dropping out due to side effects. Of the 27 @entity1 , 74.1% (N = 20) met criteria for melancholic features, 14.8% (N = 4) had delusions alone, 18.5% (N = 5) had @entity1833 alone, and 66.7% (N = 18) reported both delusions and @entity1833 . In addition, the overall rates of response for the intent-to-treat group were as follows: @entity308 response rate, 66.7% (N = 18); @entity716 response rate, 59.3% (N = 16); @entity308 response rate, 55.6% (N = 15); and @entity308 remission rate, 40.7% (N = 11). CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1037 and @entity905 appears to be a promising, safe, and effective treatment for @entity308 . Double-blind studies are needed to confirm this impression.

title: An open study of @entity1037 and @entity905 for XXXX major @entity308 : interim analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'Depression', 'depression', 'psychotic depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Axis I Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic']


abstract: Brucella is an intracellular pathogen capable of infecting animals and @entity1 . The aim of this study was to identify Brucella spp in sera of high risk individuals by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. A total of 180 @entity1 suspected to have @entity3377 were examined by serological tests. To establish a PCR protocol for diagnosis of active @entity3377 , DNA was extracted from the serum samples by using a commercial kit. PCR amplification was done for detection of Brocella DNA using BCSP31 target gene and IS711 locus. The PCR assay showed that an amplicon of 223 bp was obtained in 73.8% (133/180) of the tested sera using primers (B4/B5) derived from a gene encoding the 31-kDa Brucella @entity6469 antigen. In another PCR, an amplicon of 498 bp was obtained in 63.8% (115/180) of the samples using @entity6469 -specific primers derived from a locus adjacent to the 3'-end of IS711, and also an amplicon of 731 bp was produced in 4.4% (8/180) of the tested samples using @entity6467 -specific primers. When the Wright method was used as a gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR technique for genus identification were found to be 96 and 80.7%, respectively. However, the sensitivity value obtained with the species-specific PCR method was 82%, and specificity was similar to that previous reported. This is the first report of a high frequency of @entity6469 in @entity1 suspicious of @entity3377 from the Zanjan province.

title: Molecular detection of Brucella species in XXXX suspicious of @entity3377 from Zanjan, Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis', 'Brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity6469 :: ('235', 'Species') :: ['abortus', 'Brucella abortus']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a specific entity compared with endometrioid @entity5 not associated with @entity46 (OC). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: University hospital research laboratory. @entity1 (S): Seven @entity1 with @entity43 @entity5 and five @entity1 each with OC, @entity43 , and benign ovaries. INTERVENTION(S): Ovarian tissue samples were collected from surgical procedures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We hybridized cRNA samples to the Affymetrix HG-U133A microarray chip. Representative genes were validated by real time polymerase chain reaction. RESULT(S): We identified two main groups of genes: The first group contained the genes SICA2, @entity14105 , and @entity31014 . These genes were equally regulated in @entity46 and @entity5 but not in OC and benign ovaries. The second group contained the genes StAR, @entity62114 , Keratin 8, @entity4009 , @entity48688 , @entity54044 , and @entity17291 . They were equally regulated in @entity5 and OC but not in @entity43 and benign ovaries. CONCLUSION(S): That the first group is composed of the cytokines SICA2 and @entity14105 and the growth factor @entity31014 indicates that the regulation of the autoimmune system and of inflammatory cytokines may be very important in the etiology of @entity46 and @entity5 . That the second group is composed of genes that play a central role in cell-cell interaction, differentiation, and cell proliferation indicates that they may be important in the development of @entity43 in @entity1 with @entity46 .

title: The molecular signature of XXXX differs significantly from @entity46 -independent @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometriosis', 'ovarian cancer', 'endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'EAOC', 'endometriosis-associated endometrioid cancer']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['endometriosis-associated endometrioid ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antihypertensive agents are among the most used therapeutic classes. The approach to the pharmacological treatment of @entity101 is guided by international recommendations and adherence to treatment is known to result in effective prevention of cardiovascular risk. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of use of antihypertensive agents in general practice in terms of drug choice for the initial treatment of @entity101 and adherence to treatments among newly recruited @entity1 . METHODS: We collected the data of all antihypertensive drugs prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) and reimbursed between January 1998 and December 2002 by a Local Health Authority of Emilia Romagna (Ravenna district, 350,000 inhabitants). We selected subjects aged 40 years and older, permanently living in the area during the whole period of the study, who received their first prescription of antihypertensives between January and December 1999, with no prescription of antihypertensive agents in the previous year. For each @entity1 , we documented the starting regimen and evaluated adherence to treatment in terms of persistence during the years ( @entity1 were defined persistent if they received at least one prescription per year) and in terms of daily coverage ( @entity1 were defined covered if they received an amount of drugs consistent with a daily treatment). Finally, switches or addition of other therapeutic classes during the 3-year period were identified. RESULTS: A cohort of 6,043 subjects receiving their first antihypertensive treatment in 1999 was obtained. Regarding the starting regimen, monotherapies with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (n = 1,597; 26%) or @entity460 channel blockers (n = 1126; 19%) were the most frequently prescribed. Of the @entity1 , 21% started with a drug combination regimen. Regarding adherence to treatment, 18% of the cohort received only one prescription throughout the 3 years, 13% received more than one prescription but stopped the therapy during the first year, 69% were persistent during the second year and 60% also during the third year. Only 34% were covered during the first year and 24% also during the second year, whereas only 20% of the @entity1 resulted covered throughout the 3 years. Among persistent @entity1 , 41% maintained the same antihypertensive regimen throughout the 3 years, 25% added other drugs to the initial treatment and 34% switched to completely different regimens. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reflect the lack of convergence among guidelines on the drug class(es) to be considered as first choice in the initial treatment of @entity101 . Although an intervention in this field may have important implications in terms of cost savings, the ongoing debate does not allow us to draw definite conclusions on whether measures should be taken by the National Health Authority. However, the lack of adherence to antihypertensive treatment is undoubtedly a matter of concern for public health and should be addressed with appropriate interventions.

title: Initial treatment of XXXX and adherence to therapy in general practice in Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity3384 take significant place in @entity600 . We aimed to study epidemiological peculiarities of these pathologies in  Georgia for 2006-2015. We compared magnitude of its distribution with the data from 1981-1990. Prevalence of @entity3384 in Georgia in 2006-2015 was 0.95  0.04 per 1000 live births, while in 1981-1990- it was 1.05, i.e. in contrast to 1980's frequency of these pathological conditions decreased to some extent. Distribution of @entity3384 varies across the country regions. The most intensive spread has been observed in Mtskheta-Mtianeti region, where prevalence composed 2.28/1000. In the rest of the regions frequency of these pathologies is significantly lower. For instance, in Kakheti the rate is equal to 1,87/1000, in Kvemo Kartli - 1.56/1000, in Shida Kartli - 1.55/1000. In the rest of the regions prevalence rate is lower than the country average. It should be noted that in Tbilisi the rate is as low as 0.80/1000. The lowest level has been reported in Guria - 0.56/1000. Currently @entity3384 with palate is the most frequently occurring @entity154 in Georgia accounting for 39.8% of all @entity600 . @entity3384 alone ranks the second - 36.1%, followed by @entity2419 (24.1%). These pathologies are more frequent in @entity1 than in @entity1 . 60.3% of the cases are reported in males, in contrast to @entity1 - 39.7% (p<0.01). Usually, @entity2419 is the most common among @entity1 , but in our case, it had higher prevalence among @entity1 , 53.6% vs. 46,4%. Thus @entity3384 distribution in Georgia is characterized by epidemiological peculiarities, which should be considered in implementation of preventive measures.

title: PREVALENCE OF XXXX AND PALATE IN GEORGIA.

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['Cleft lip and palate', 'cleft lip', 'Cleft lip', 'cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['CLEFT LIP']


abstract: Bone @entity158 and @entity85 are major concerns in aged @entity1 suffering from @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ). @entity158 can be relieved by vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty procedures, in which the compressed vertebral body is filled with substitutes. We randomly assigned 100 @entity1 with @entity3814 at the thoraco-lumbar (T-L) junction into two groups: vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty; we used @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) as the bone filler. @entity158 before and after treatment was assessed with visual analog scale (VAS) scores and vertebral body height and kyphotic wedge angle were measured from reconstructed computed tomography images. More @entity4625 was used in the kyphoplasty group than in the vertebroplasty group (5.56 +/- 0.62 vs. 4.91 +/- 0.65 mL, p < 0.001). Vertebral body height and kyphotic wedge angle of the T-L spine were also improved (p < 0.001). VAS @entity158 scores did not differ significantly between the treatment groups. The duration of follow-up was 6 months. Two @entity1 in the kyphoplasty group had an adjacent segment @entity174 . In terms of clinical outcome there was little difference between the treatment groups. Thus, owing to the higher cost of the kyphotic balloon procedure, we recommend vertebroplasty over kyphoplasty for the treatment of @entity3604 . INTRODUCTION: @entity85 are major concerns in aged @entity1 suffering from @entity3814 . @entity158 may be relieved by vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. We investigated the radiological and clinical outcomes of these procedures. METHODS: One hundred cases of @entity3814 at the thoraco-lumbar junction were randomly assigned into two groups: vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty (50 cases each). We used @entity4625 as the bone filler. @entity158 before and after treatment was assessed with visual analog scale scores and vertebral body height and kyphotic wedge angle were measured from reconstructed computed tomography images. RESULTS: More @entity4625 was used in the kyphoplasty group than in the vertebroplasty group (5.56 +/- 0.62 vs. 4.91 +/- 0.65 mL, p < 0.001). Vertebral body height and kyphotic wedge angle of the T-L spine were also improved (p < 0.001). VAS @entity158 scores did not differ significantly between the treatment groups. The duration of follow-up was 6 months. Two @entity1 in the kyphoplasty group had an adjacent segment @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: In terms of clinical outcome there was little difference between the treatment groups. Thus, with the higher cost of the kyphotic balloon procedure, we recommend vertebroplasty over kyphoplasty for the treatment of @entity3604 .

title: Balloon kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty for treatment of XXXX : a prospective, comparative, and randomized clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate', 'PMMA']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic VCFs']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['VCF', 'osteoporotic compression fracture', 'osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal axial deformity', 'Spinal axial deformities']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture']


abstract: CONTEXT: Clausena anisum-olens (Blanco) Merr. (Rutaceae) is a medicinal shrub which has been reported to have various pharmacological uses. No study regarding the effects of C. anisum-olens on @entity165 -lowering has been reported. OBJECTIVE: The effects of the @entity1068 extract of C. anisum-olens leaves on the @entity165 level of @entity753 @entity35 were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute @entity137 of the extract (175, 550 and 2000   mg/kg) was determined using female @entity35 , as described in OECD 425 Main test guidelines. The lipid-lowering assay utilized 30 male @entity35 divided into five groups (A-E). @entity6000 was administered to induce @entity1007 . After @entity1007 induction, oral treatment of @entity2993 and crude @entity1068 extract was given daily to the treatment groups for 14 days. The total @entity165 , @entity1674 , HDL and LDL were determined before induction, after induction, after first week of treatment and after second week of treatment. RESULTS: Acute @entity137 showed the crude extract is nontoxic up to 2000   mg/kg. The lipid-lowering assay indicated reduction of serum @entity165 (87.21        5.10   mg/dL), @entity1674 (58.09        4.10   mg/dL) and LDL (27.82        4.11   mg/dL) for 200   mg/kw extract. Reduction in serum @entity165 (74.72        3.64   mg/dL), @entity1674 (52.79        2.98   mg/dL) and LDL (12.06        5.51   mg/dL) were observed for 400   mg/kg group. The result is comparable to @entity2993 , which showed serum @entity165 (80.90        9.72   mg/dL), @entity1674 (55.94        7.19   mg/dL) and LDL (22.09        7.60   mg/dL) reduction. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The crude extract of C. anisum-olens proved to be useful in lowering of @entity165 .

title: Lipid-lowering property of Clausena anisum-olens in XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['oral toxicity']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemic']


abstract: @entity1931 and @entity1931 are frequent complications of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) with poorly understood mechanisms. Possible causes are plastic changes in the central arbors of nociceptive and nonnociceptive primary sensory neurons and changes in descending modulatory serotonergic pathways. A clinically relevant clip-compression model of @entity1566 in the @entity35 was used to investigate putative mechanisms of @entity1118 . Behavioral testing (n = 18 @entity35 ) demonstrated that moderate (35 g) or severe (50 g) @entity1566 at the 12th thoracic spinal segment (T-12) reliably produces chronic @entity1931 and @entity1931 that can be evoked from the hindpaws and back. Quantitative morphometry (n = 37) revealed no changes after @entity1566 in the density or distribution of Abeta-, Adelta-, and @entity7183 central arbors of primary sensory neurons within the thoracolumbar segments T-6 to L-4. This observation rules out a mandatory relationship between @entity158 -related behaviors and changes in the distribution or density of central afferent arbors. The area of @entity750 immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn (n = 12) decreased caudal to the injury site (L1-4) and increased threefold rostral to it (T9-11). The decreased @entity750 and presence of @entity1931 and @entity1931 caudal to the injury are consistent with disruption of descending antinociceptive serotonergic tracts that modulate @entity158 transmission. The functional significance of the increased @entity750 in rostral segments may relate to the development of @entity1931 as @entity750 also has known pronociceptive actions. Changes in the descending serotonergic pathway require further investigation, as a disruption of the balance of serotonergic input rostral and caudal to the injury site may contribute to the etiology of @entity1118 after @entity1566 .

title: XXXX after clip-compression injury of the @entity35 spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'tactile allodynia', 'Chronic tactile allodynia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic pain']


abstract: The properties of extracellular polysaccharides of the @entity415 ring rot pathogen @entity49354 (Cms) and the corresponding recognition sites isolated from cell walls of @entity415 suspension cultures have been studied. Extracellular polysaccharides of Cms consist of 4-6 components, which differ greatly in molecular mass (from <1 kD to >700 kD), and are capable of formation of associates stabilized by electrostatic interactions in the presence of @entity460 . Using affinity column chromatography, sites possessing affinity for the total extracellular polysaccharide complex of Cms were isolated from cell walls of suspension cultures of three @entity415 varieties with different resistance to the pathogen. The content of the receptor sites consisting of glycopeptides and @entity3363 for the variety devoid of resistance was 10 times greater than that for the resistant variety. In the receptor fraction for the latter variety, only @entity3363 were found. The molecular masses of the components of the receptor fraction of cell walls were from 39 to 86 kD. @entity23269 in the recognition sites for the resistant variety escaped detection in electrophoretic patterns. Study of the @entity535 composition of the receptor sites of cell walls showed that the sites of the resistant variety contained trace amounts of only seven @entity1522 . In the sites of the receptive variety 14 @entity1522 were found, the content of polar @entity1522 being twice as large as that of nonpolar @entity1522 . Among polar @entity1522 , @entity1160 and @entity2228 prevailed, whereas among nonpolar @entity1522 @entity4857 was dominant. We suggest that one of the reasons of variety-specific resistance of @entity415 to Cms is the absence or a low content of the sites revealing the affinity for bacterial extracellular polysaccharides on the plant cell surface.

title: Properties of extracellular polysaccharides of XXXX ring rot pathogen and corresponding recognition sites of @entity415 cell walls.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity49354 :: ('31964', 'Species') :: ['Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity23269 :: ('MESH:D010455', 'Chemical') :: ['Polypeptides']

answer: @entity415 :: (4113,Species) :: ['potato']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10107 ( @entity10107 ) is an under-recognized cause of @entity1353 and is difficult to diagnose. The symptoms caused by exercise-induced @entity10107 (IEVCD) often falsely suggest @entity565 , but there is sometimes a real association between the two diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new, simple method for analyzing vocal cord behavior in the diagnosis of IEVCD, and to clarify the prevalence of IEVCD in an uncontrolled @entity565 population with unexplained exertional @entity1353 . METHODS: This single-center study was conducted prospectively between April 2012 and March 2013. The main inclusion criterion was uncontrolled @entity565 with unexplained @entity1353 . The assessment included cardiopulmonary exercise testing and supraglottal laryngoscopy during exercise with measurement of the vocal cord-opening angle (VCOA). Data from 15 @entity748 @entity1 were compared with those from 10 non- @entity748 dyspneic @entity1 (controls) to define specific criteria for the endoscopic diagnosis of IEVCD. RESULTS: Endoscopy during bicycle exercising was well tolerated. Normal value of inspiratory VCOA (itVCOA) was>49  . Values for the itVCOA were lower for @entity748 than for controls when exercising at 50  % maximal power (52.8    13.3   and 64.5    8.3  , respectively). Four of the 15 @entity748 (26  %) demonstrated IEVCD characterized with itVCOApeak of less than 49  . CONCLUSION: Measurement of VCOA represents a new, simple method for obtaining objective data in the exploration of @entity10107 . The prevalence of IEVCD in uncontrolled @entity748 @entity1 is important (26  % in our small sample). IEVCD is probably an under-diagnosed aggravating factor in @entity565 , and its diagnosis and management could avoid the therapeutic climbing in @entity565 . This method of analysis may help to accurately and objectively assess vocal @entity602 .

title: [Exercise-induced vocal @entity602 in XXXX : A new diagnostic method.]

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10107 :: ('MESH:D064706', 'Disease') :: ['Vocal cord dysfunction', 'VCD']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity424 represent the most common intramedullary @entity5 in adults. Despite their usually well-defined dissection plane, surgical morbidity has been documented to be considerably higher compared with other intramedullary entities. This study presents an analysis of risk factors for surgical morbidity and data on long-term results for @entity424 . METHODS Among 1447 @entity1 with @entity5 of the spinal canal treated between 1980 and 2014, 309 @entity1 presented with @entity5 . One hundred @entity1 with @entity424 underwent 102 operations. Mean age was 44    15 years (range 8-74 years). @entity1 were followed by outpatient visits and questionnaires, with a mean follow-up of 77    91 months. Short-term results were determined for individual symptoms and the McCormick Scale, whereas @entity5 recurrence rates were calculated with Kaplan-Meier statistics. RESULTS Compared with cervical @entity424 , those of the thoracic spine were associated with more severe motor deficits and gait problems at presentation. A total of 86.3% of @entity1 with @entity424 underwent gross-total resection (GTR). A low preoperative McCormick grade and first surgery were the strongest predictors for a GTR. Postoperatively, 67.6% of @entity1 demonstrated a worse neurological state at discharge from the hospital. This deterioration was transient for 40.1% of the @entity1 and permanent for 27.5%. In the long term, the McCormick grade remained unchanged from the preoperative grade in 74.5% of @entity1 , while it was improved in 5.9% of @entity1 and increased after surgery in 19.6% of @entity1 . According to a multivariate analysis, the risk of permanent morbidity increased with a thoracic level of the @entity424 , advanced age, a long clinical history, presence of a @entity5 hemorrhage, and surgery on a recurrent @entity5 . In the long term, @entity5 recurrence rates correlated significantly with the amount of resection (4.2% and 18.5% in 20 years after GTR and partial resections, respectively). Postoperative neuropathic @entity158 syndromes affected 37.0% of @entity1 , whereas 4% demonstrated a postoperative @entity602 related to cord tethering at the level of surgery. CONCLUSIONS @entity424 are @entity5 best treated surgically. A complete resection indicates cure for the overwhelming majority of these @entity1 . Surgery should be performed early by neurosurgeons who deal with these lesions on a regular basis to achieve high GTR rates. Permanent surgical morbidity varies most according to @entity5 location and @entity1 age.

title: @entity424 . Part 1: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['intramedullary ependymomas', 'ependymomas', 'ependymoma', 'Intramedullary ependymomas', 'OBJECT Ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intramedullary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['Intramedullary ependymomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is a leading cause of @entity204 and disability. @entity932 ( @entity932 ) secondary to @entity131 is associated with a high risk of @entity1003 which leads to increasing risk of @entity548 growth and higher mortality rate. Therefore, antifibrinolytic agents such as @entity927 (TA) might reduce traumatic @entity932 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent of @entity932 growth after TA administration in @entity131 @entity1 . METHODS: This single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on @entity1 with traumatic @entity932 (with less than 30  ml) referring to the emergency department of Vali-Asr Hospital, Arak, Iran in 2014. @entity1 , based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were divided into intervention and control groups (40 @entity1 each). All @entity1 received a conservative treatment for @entity932 , as well as either intravenous TA or placebo. The extent of @entity932 growth as the primary outcome was measured by brain CT scan after 48  h. RESULTS: Although brain CT scan showed a significant increase in @entity548 volume in both groups after 48  h, it was significantly less in the TA group than in the control group (p  =  0.04). The mean total @entity548 expansion was (1.7      9.7) ml and (4.3      12.9) ml in TA and placebo groups, respectively (p  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: It has been established that TA, as an effective hospital-based treatment for acute @entity131 , could reduce @entity932 growth. Larger studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of different doses.

title: The effect of XXXX in @entity131 : A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'Intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['tranexamic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Host response to infection and other forms of tissue injury have been termed @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). This inflammatory response can frequently be accompanied by oxidative injury in one or more organ systems in the body. The objective of this report was to clarify the possible role of oxidative stress in the development of @entity881 ( @entity881 ) in @entity1 with @entity1850 . DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Intensive care unit in a university hospital. @entity1 : A total of 214 consecutive @entity1 (mean age, 57.1 +/- 17.4 yrs; range, 13 to 84 yrs; 148 @entity1 and 66 @entity1 ). At the time of admission, 139 @entity1 fulfilled the clinical criteria for @entity1850 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We measured plasma concentrations of @entity4466 reactant substances (TBARS), as an index of oxidative stress, every day from the point of admission to the intensive care unit until discharge or @entity204 . Furthermore, all variables of the @entity1850 score and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score were collected every day. At the time of admission, plasma TBARS concentrations in @entity1850 @entity1 with @entity881 were significantly higher than those in @entity1850 @entity1 without @entity881 (2.3 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.6 nmol/mL, p <.01), and there was a significant correlation between plasma TBARS concentration and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (r2 =.18, p <.001). Furthermore, the duration of @entity1850 persistence was significantly associated with the percentage increase in plasma @entity42333 concentration during @entity1850 persistence in those @entity1 in whom the duration of @entity1850 was confirmed (r2 =.73, p <.001). The duration of @entity1850 was significantly higher in @entity1 who developed @entity881 than in @entity1 who did not develop @entity881 (6.9 vs. 3.2 days, p <.001). The percentage increase in plasma TBARS concentration during @entity1850 was also significantly higher in @entity1 who developed @entity881 than in @entity1 who did not develop @entity881 (57.1% vs. 15.8%, p <.001). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that processes of oxidative stress in connection with continued @entity1850 may promote the development of @entity881 .

title: Possible role of increased oxidant stress in XXXX after @entity1850 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['multiple organ failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) derived performance of @entity26 uptake and ventilation efficiency parameters, including @entity26 uptake efficiency plateau (OUEP) , @entity26 uptake efficiency slope (OUES), V  E/V  CO2 slope and lowest V  E/V  CO2, in @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and evaluate their clinical value on monitoring cardiac function and hemodynamic status. METHODS: A total of 26 end-stage @entity712 @entity1 considered for heart transplantation were enrolled in this study. CPET, echocardiography and invasive hemodynamic examinations with Swan-Ganz flowing balloon catheter were performed. Correlation analysis was made between @entity26 uptake and ventilation efficiency parameters from CPET and echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters. RESULTS: OUEP and OUES showed good correlation with peak @entity26 consumption (peak @entity4962 ) (r = 0.535, P < 0.01;r = 0.840, P < 0.001). In end-stage @entity712 @entity1 , the slope of OUEP with respect to peak @entity4962 is about 32, but the slope of OUES with respect to peak @entity4962 is only about 2. The difference was 16 times. The change of OUEP was more sensitive and significant than those of OUES and peak @entity4962 (P < 0.05). OUEP, peak @entity4962 (%pred), V  E/V  CO2 slope and lowest V  E/V  CO2 were all correlated well with non-invasive hemodynamic parameters peak cardiac output (r = 0.535, P < 0.01; r = 0.652, P < 0.001; r = -0.640, P < 0.001; r = -0.606, P = 0.001 respectively) and peak cardiac index (r = 0.556, P < 0.01;r = 0.772, P < 0.001; r = -0.641, P < 0.001; r = -0.620, P < 0.001 respectively) derived from CPET, but not correlated with invasive hemodynamic parameters cardiac output and cardiac index at rest (P > 0.05). Both peak @entity4962 (%pred) and V  E/V  CO2 slope were significantly correlated with invasive hemodynamic parameters systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (r = -0.424, P < 0.05; r = 0.509, P < 0.01) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (r = -0.479, P < 0.05; r = 0.405, P < 0.05). Peak @entity4962 (%pred) was also significantly correlated with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = -0.415, P < 0.05), and V  E/V  CO2 slope was significantly correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.429, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity26 uptake and ventilation efficiency parameters derived from CPET, including peak @entity4962 , OUEP, lowest V  E/V  CO2 and V  E/V  CO2 slope etc, are objectively monitoring and evaluating cardiac function and hemodynamic status. And they are useful for optimizing clinical management of @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 .

title: [Clinical value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing derived XXXX uptake efficiency parameters in @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Standard chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for local advanced @entity5 (LARC) rarely induce @entity5584 . Here we report a rare case of @entity5584 in a @entity1 with LARC in the midst of preoperative CRT. A 56-year-old male was conveyed to our hospital exhibiting @entity6191 . Colonoscopy and imaging tests resulted in a clinical diagnosis of LARC with direct invasion to adjacent organs and regional @entity3329 . Preoperative @entity1487 -based CRT was started. At 25 d after the start of CRT, the @entity1 developed a typical @entity221 . Computed tomography revealed @entity5584 , and he underwent emergency sigmoid colostomy. At 12 d after the surgery, the remaining CRT was completed according to the original plan. The histopathological findings after radical operation revealed a wide field of @entity5 @entity39 and @entity82 without lymph node @entity3 . We share this case as important evidence for the treatment of LARC perforation in the midst of preoperative CRT.

title: Local advanced XXXX perforation in the midst of preoperative chemoradiotherapy: A case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['rectal perforation']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['general malaise']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coagulation and fibrinolysis activation is frequently observed in @entity5 @entity1 , and the @entity5 in these cases are thought to be associated with a higher risk of invasion, @entity3 , and worse long-term outcome. The objective of this study was to elucidate the prognostic significance of @entity1003 tests and various clinicopathological characteristics in @entity1 with @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ) after surgical resection. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 115 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity1086 who underwent surgical resection in our department. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), @entity556 time (TT), international normalized ratio (INR), @entity2002 levels, and platelet counts were measured pretreatment at the time of diagnosis. The predictive value of @entity2002 levels for @entity5 staging was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Correlations between the preoperative hyperfibrinogenemia and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed, and univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with overall survival (OS). Cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro were examined to investigate the function of @entity2002 in @entity1086 cell migration. RESULTS: The plasma levels for all coagulation tests, with the exception of INR, were significantly different between the @entity1086 @entity1 and control @entity1 (p   <   0.001). Hyperfibrinogenemia (>402 mg/dL) was associated with poorly differentiated @entity5 , advanced @entity5 invasion, lymphatic @entity3 , and advanced @entity5 stage (p   <   0.001), and had a statistically significant adverse effect on survival (p   =   0.001). In the multivariate analysis, hyperfibrinogenemia (p   =   0.031) was independently associated with worse OS, @entity5 stage (p   =   0.016), margin status (p   <   0.001), and lymphatic @entity3 (p   =   0.035). Moreover, cell migration and invasion in vitro were significantly enhanced by @entity2002 . CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative plasma @entity2002 levels was associated with @entity5 progression and may be an independent marker of poor prognosis in @entity1086 @entity1 . Furthermore, @entity2002 may contribute to cell migration by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

title: Clinical and prognostic significance of preoperative plasma hyperfibrinogenemia in XXXX @entity1 following surgical resection: a retrospective and in vitro study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'GBC']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder cancer']


abstract: Application of the @entity645 protease inhibitor @entity485 (Saq) to @entity5 chemotherapy is limited by its numerous side effects. To overcome this @entity137 , we modified the original compound by covalently attaching a @entity842 (NO) group. We compared the efficacy of the parental and NO-modified drugs in vitro and in vivo. The novel compound @entity65340 (Saq-NO) significantly reduced the viability of a wide spectrum of @entity1 and rodent @entity5 cell lines at significantly lower concentration than the unmodified drug. In contrast to Saq, Saq-NO had no effect on the viability of primary cells and drastically reduced B16 @entity320 growth in syngeneic C57BL/6 @entity19 . In addition, at the equivalent of the 100% lethal dose of Saq, Saq-NO treatment caused no apparent signs of @entity137 . Saq-NO blocked the proliferation of C6 and B16 cells, up-regulated @entity876 expression, and promoted the differentiation of these two cell types into oligodendrocytes or Schwann-like cells, respectively. Although it has been well documented that Saq decreases @entity5 cell viability by inhibiting @entity584 , the anticancer properties of Saq-NO were completely independent of the @entity4357 3-kinase/ @entity584 signaling pathway. Moreover, Saq-NO transiently up-regulated @entity584 phosphorylation, delivering a protective signal that could be relevant for primary cell protection and the absence of @entity137 in vivo. It was unlikely that released NO was independently responsible for these drug effects because Saq-NO treatment increased intracellular and secreted NO levels only slightly. Rather, the chemical modification seems to have produced a qualitatively new chemical entity, which may have a unique mode of action against @entity5 cells.

title: The antitumor properties of a nontoxic, XXXX -modified version of @entity485 are independent of @entity584 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity485 :: ('MESH:D019258', 'Chemical') :: ['saquinavir']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity65340 :: ('MESH:C557004', 'Chemical') :: ['saquinavir-NO']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: @entity158 has a strong emotional-affective dimension, and the amygdala plays a key role in emotionality. Mechanisms of @entity158 -related changes in the amygdala were studied at the cellular and molecular levels in a model of @entity158 . The influence of the arthritic condition induced in vivo on synaptic transmission and group I metabotropic @entity2227 receptor ( @entity9446 and @entity10092 ) function was examined in vitro using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings of neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala ( @entity13396 ). G-protein-coupled mGluRs are implicated in various forms of neuroplasticity as well as in neurological and @entity146 . Synaptic transmission was evoked by electrical stimulation of afferents from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the pontine parabrachial (PB) area in brain slices from control (untreated or saline-injected) @entity35 and from arthritic @entity35 . This study shows enhanced synaptic transmission of nociceptive-specific inputs (PB--> @entity13396 synapse) and polymodal sensory inputs (BLA--> @entity13396 synapse) in the @entity625 model. @entity13396 neurons from arthritic @entity35 also developed increased excitability compared with control @entity13396 neurons. Synaptic plasticity in the @entity13396 was accompanied by increased presynaptic @entity9446 function and upregulation of @entity9446 and @entity10092 . A selective @entity9446 antagonist reduced transmission in @entity13396 neurons from arthritic animals but not in control neurons, and increased levels of @entity9446 and @entity10092 protein were measured in the @entity13396 of arthritic @entity35 compared with controls. Our results show that plastic changes in the amygdala in an @entity625 model that produces prolonged @entity158 involve a critical switch of presynaptic @entity9446 expression and function.

title: Synaptic plasticity in the amygdala in a model of XXXX : differential roles of metabotropic @entity2227 receptors 1 and 5.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'arthritis pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['arthritic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if cell saver (CS) use in @entity1 with @entity174 reduces the volume or rate of allogeneic blood transfused intraoperatively and postoperatively and if this translated to a decrease in blood-related charges to the @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Level 1 @entity130 center. @entity1 : One hundred eighty-six @entity1 with operatively treated @entity174 . INTERVENTION: All @entity1 underwent open reduction internal fixation of their acetabular @entity174 . The decision to use CS was at the surgeon's discretion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The volume and rate of intraoperative and postoperative allogeneic blood transfused and blood-related charges were evaluated. RESULTS: CS was used in 60 cases (32%), and the average volume of blood autotransfused was 345 mL. No differences were observed in the rates (58.3% vs 48%, P = 0.1883) or the mean volumes (770 vs 518 mL, P = 0.0537) of intraoperative and postoperative allogeneic blood transfusions between the CS and the non-CS groups. Total blood-related charges in the CS group were significantly higher than that in the nonCS group ( 1958 vs  694, P < 0.0001). Subanalyses based on @entity174 pattern, injury severity score, body mass index, days to surgery, and estimated @entity190 were performed. In each subanalyses, no differences were observed in intraoperative and postoperative transfusion rates and volumes, and total blood-related charges were higher in the CS groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the routine use of CS in acetabular surgery, there was no reduction in the volume or rate of allogeneic blood transfused intraoperatively or postoperatively. However, blood-related charges were significantly increased.

title: Efficacy of intraoperative red blood cell salvage and autotransfusion in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['acetabular fractures']


abstract: @entity1824 ( @entity1824 ) of the @entity54772 are extremely rare. @entity1824 are a variant of perivascular epithelioid cell @entity5 . We present a case of hepatic CCMT in a 54-year-old @entity1 with @entity490 . The @entity1 had an 8.8 cm well-demarcated @entity5 in the right lobe of the liver. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a heterogeneous mass that enhanced significantly in the arterial and portal venous phases, and was less enhanced in the delayed phase. The @entity1 underwent a right hemihepatectomy and cholecystectomy. The @entity5 cells had clear to slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei, and were positive for HMB-45 and smooth muscle actin. The @entity1 had no recurrence after 36 months follow-up. A review of the literature identified 10 hepatic @entity1824 . Hepatic @entity1824 are usually benign @entity5 of young @entity1 that present as large masses located in the right lobe of the liver.

title: @entity1824 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1824 :: ('MESH:D054973', 'Disease') :: ['Clear cell myomelanocytic tumors', 'CCMTs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity54772 :: ('MESH:C566717', 'Disease') :: ['falciform ligament/ligamentum teres']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity54772 :: (MESH:C566717,Disease) :: ['falciform ligament/ligamentum teres']


abstract: PURPOSE: Routine prophylactic antiemetic treatment of surgical @entity1 appears justified only in case of an increased risk of @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ). The objective of this investigation was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of a dichotomized risk score adapted management of @entity1209 based on @entity3974 prophylaxis and treatment with respect to the overall institutional rate of @entity1209 . METHODS: After estimating the individual @entity1209 risk by a simplified score, 162 adult @entity1 scheduled for elective surgery received either 4 mg @entity3974 intravenously (two to four risk factors = high-risk) or no prophylaxis (zero to one risk factor = low-risk). For antiemetic treatment @entity3974 was given intravenously and orally. Incidence of @entity1209 was recorded during the first 24 hr after recovery. RESULTS: Data from 159 subjects were analyzed with 44 @entity1 classified as low-risk and 115 @entity1 classified as high-risk. Nine low-risk and 58 high-risk @entity1 experienced @entity1209 . The expected institutional @entity1209 incidence of 47% was reduced to 36%. Treatment with @entity3974 was necessary in seven low-risk and 37 high-risk @entity1 with a complete response rate of 71% (low-risk) and 43% (high-risk). CONCLUSION: Providing antiemetic prophylaxis with @entity3974 to high-risk @entity1 strictly based on a simplified risk score can reduce the overall institutional rate of @entity1209 . However, classifying @entity1 into two groups while using @entity3974 as the single antiemetic in the high-risk group appears to be of limited efficacy as the incidence of @entity1209 in high-risk @entity1 is still double that of low-risk @entity1 .

title: A risk adapted approach reduces the overall institutional incidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'PONV']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report the initial experience of the combined use of biliary sphincterotomy plus balloon dilatation of the papilla for management of large stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Design: Retrospective, descriptive. This study included 18 @entity1 in whom a hydrostatic dilatation of the papilla with large balloons was performed between June 2012 and April 2014. @entity1 had multiple large stones, tapered distal common bile duct, previous sphincterotomy, or peri/ intradiverticular papilla. CRE    dilatation balloons with diameters ranging from 12 to 20 mm were used. Data were recorded as successful procedure, use of lithotripsy and complications during the procedure. RESULTS: The average age was 66.1 years. There was a predominance of the female gender (66.7%). The average size of the bile duct stones was 16.7 mm. The main indications were: giant @entity2877 (12 @entity1 , 66.7%) and tapered distal common bile duct (6 @entity1 , 33.3%). The dilatation balloons diameter used were: 15 mm (8 @entity1 , 44.4%), 18 mm (5 @entity1 , 27.8%), 12 mm (3 @entity1 , 16.7%) and 20 mm (2 @entity1 , 11.1%). Complete stone clearance was achieved in 15 @entity1 (83.3%). Lithotripsy was performed in 4 @entity1 (22.2%). There were 3 @entity1 in whom the removal with balloon was unsuccessful, performed surgical management. It was reported 1 case of mild @entity656 (5.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that @entity384 after sphincterotomy is a safe and effective technique for treatment of difficult bile duct stones.

title: [Large balloon dilation for removal of XXXX difficult to extract: clinical experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['choledocholithiasis']


abstract: Blubber, the lipid-rich hypodermis of cetaceans, functions in thermoregulation, buoyancy control, streamlining, metabolic energy storage, and locomotion. This study investigated the development of this specialized hypodermis in bottlenose dolphins ( @entity13552 ) across an ontogenetic series, including fetuses, neonates, juveniles, subadults, and adults. Blubber samples were collected at the level of the mid-thorax, from robust specimens (n = 25) that stranded along the coasts of North Carolina and Virginia. Blubber was dissected from the carcass and its mass, and the depth and lipid content at the sample site, were measured. Samples were prepared using standard histological methods, viewed by light microscopy, and digital images of blubber captured. Images were analyzed through the depth of the blubber for morphological and structural features including adipocyte size, shape, and numbers, and extracellular, structural fiber densities. From fetus to adult, blubber mass and depth increased proportionally with body mass and length. Blubber lipid content increased dramatically with increasing fetal length. Adult and juvenile blubber had significantly higher blubber lipid content than fetuses, and this increase was reflected in mean adipocyte size, which increased significantly across all robust life history categories. In juvenile, subadult, and adult dolphins, this increase in cell size was not uniform across the depth of the blubber, with the largest increases observed in the @entity2172 . Through-depth counts of adipocytes were similar in all life history categories. These results suggest that @entity92 is increased during postnatal growth by increasing cell size rather than cell number. In emaciated adults (n = 2), lipid mobilization, as evidenced by a decrease in adipocyte size, was localized to the @entity2172 . Thus, in terms of both lipid accumulation and depletion, the @entity2172 appear to be the most metabolically dynamic. The superficial blubber likely serves a structural role important in streamlining the animal. This study demonstrates that blubber is not a homogeneous tissue through its depth, and that it displays life history-dependent changes in its morphology and lipid content.

title: Blubber development in bottlenose dolphins ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['blubber depth']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle and deep blubber region', 'middle and deep blubber', 'middle and deep blubber regions']

entities_list: @entity13552 :: ('9739', 'Species') :: ['Tursiops truncatus']

answer: @entity13552 :: (9739,Species) :: ['Tursiops truncatus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency and outcome of @entity548 ( @entity548 ) after @entity64 in @entity1 treated with non- @entity2067 antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity64 on treatment with a NOAC were prospectively enrolled in this multicentre observational study between February 2012 and 2015. Brain imaging at admission and follow-up imaging until day 7 were reviewed for @entity548 . Functional outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin scale (mRS) before the index event, at discharge, and at 3-months. RESULTS: 231 @entity1 without recanalisation therapy (no- @entity138 ), and 32 @entity1 with @entity138 were eligible for analysis. Any @entity548 was present at admission in 9/231 no- @entity138 @entity1 (3.9%, 95% CI 2.0 to 7.3) and in none of the @entity1 with @entity138 . In @entity1 with follow-up imaging (no- @entity138 , n=129, and @entity138 , n=32), @entity548 was present in 14.0% (no- @entity138 ; 95% CI, 8.9 to 21.1), and 40.6% ( @entity138 , 95% CI, 25.5 to 57.8), respectively. After adjustment for @entity64 severity, this difference between the no- @entity138 and @entity138 groups became non-significant. Symptomatic ICH was observed in 1 @entity1 per group. @entity548 was not associated with unfavourable outcome (mRS 3-6) at 3-months in multivariable analysis. Resumption of OAC after @entity64 was delayed in @entity1 with @entity548 compared to those without (15 d [IQR, 5-26] vs. 1 d [0-4], P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency and severity of @entity548 after @entity64 on NOAC appears similar to previous reports for @entity2067 antagonists and no anticoagulation. Whether asymptomatic @entity548 should delay resumption of preventive anticoagulation requires further investigation.

title: @entity548 after @entity64 in XXXX Taking Non- @entity2067 Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'haemorrhagic transformation']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4050 Background: The benefit of @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) for @entity1125 is unclear with conflicting results from non-randomized studies. We report a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the impact of @entity1753 on survival, and hence identify treatment strategies and disease subgroups that merit further study in prospective trials. METHODS: A systematic review of studies and abstracts published from 1960 to November 2010 was conducted. Eligible studies evaluated outcomes with chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy (RT) or both (CRT) in resected @entity1125 . Only studies where the comparator group was curative intent surgery alone were included. @entity1125 included @entity5 of the gallbladder and intrahepatic, perihilar and distal bile ducts. @entity5 were excluded. The endpoint of interest was the odds of @entity204 at 5 years (OR). Data on lymph node (N+) or resection margin positivity (R1) were collected. Data were pooled using random effect modeling. RESULTS: 20 studies involving 6,712 @entity1 were analyzed (surgery alone: 4,915; @entity1753 : 1,797). These included 1 randomized trial of CT, 2 registry analyses and 17 institutional series, largely RT or CRT. In the overall population, pooled data showed a trend to improved survival with any @entity1753 compared to surgery alone, OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.55 - 1.01; p=0.06). There was no difference between individual disease sites (gallbladder OR 0.81, bile ducts OR 0.71). The association was significant when 2 studies of largest weight, both registry analyses, were excluded. On sensitivity analysis, the effect was dependent on treatment modality, those receiving CT or CRT deriving greater benefit than RT alone (OR 0.39, p <0.001, OR 0.61, p=0.049 and OR 0.63, p=0.14 respectively). Eight studies reporting nodal (n=230) or margin status (n=216) were analyzed. Pooled data confirmed a significant benefit for @entity1753 in N+ disease, OR 0.49 (95% CI 0.30-0.80). Similarly, a benefit for @entity1753 was seen in R1 disease, OR 0.36 (95% CI 0.19-0.68). CONCLUSIONS: With the caveats of limited data, this review supports @entity1753 for @entity1125 . International randomized trials are needed to provide better rationale for this commonly used strategy in @entity1125 subgroups. Based on our data, such trials could involve CRT vs. CT alone in @entity1 with N+ or R1 disease.

title: Adjuvant therapy in the treatment of XXXX ( @entity1125 ): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Ampullary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['adjuvant therapy', 'AT']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['biliary tract cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Complex @entity5 therapy development and new opportunities in surgery, which take into account both oncological principles as well as esthetic aspects, have set the requirements far higher for diagnostic imaging of the breast and for radiologists. Despite these new opportunities, X-ray mammography remains the basic examination. However, part of the @entity5 is hidden on the mammogram, which is partly a consequence of the dense glandular tissue and may also be influenced by the histological type of @entity5 . Besides reducing radiation dose, digital X-ray mammography improves the examination sensitivity of the dense breast. State of the art digital examination methods, such as tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced mammography, increase the accuracy of examination. Ultrasound mammography is the most important supplementary method of X-ray mammography. Among the new applications of ultrasound mammography, US elastography, which is based on different tissue elasticity, as well as automatic 3D ultrasound, can be highlighted. Furthermore, among imaging methods that provide functional or metabolic data, MR mammography is the most appropriate non-invasive, non-ionising method for the detection of malignancy and for structure examination. MR mammography is the most sensitive method for the detection of @entity0 and in 20-30% of cases, results in changes of the therapy, and it is also effective in the examination of the dense breast. High level of evidence proves that MR mammography is very useful in the screening of @entity1 at risk of @entity0 . Promising results prove that MR mammography will play more considerable role in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the therapy. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging is based on the different diffusion of tissue water, qualitative analysis and quantitative evaluation can be performed. DCE-MR examines that contrast enhancement over time, which can mainly be useful for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of perfusion changes which may indicate the biological response to @entity5 therapy. The MR spectroscopic (MRSI) biochemical analysis increases the characterization of the lesions. Multimodal imaging techniques provide more accurate analysis, which is confirmed by more and more evidence, but none of the imaging methods are sufficiently specific to provide histological diagnosis. However, imagingguided biopsies enable precise histological or cytological confirmation. Technical development, new imaging methods, experienced radiologists and multi-disciplinary cooperation increase the accuracy of the diagnosis and the effectiveness of personalized therapy.

title: [New opportunities in imaging of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']