abstract: @entity439 of the abdominal aorta associated with periaortic @entity82 (AFPA) are a different clinicopathological entity from @entity439 and nonspecific inflammatory periaortitis. The physiopathology and diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for these AFPAs are controversial. Over a 12-year period, 23 @entity439 with periaortic @entity82 (4%) confirmed by a histological study were operated at Beaujon hospital. Four @entity1 were operated at the @entity397 stage, 2 with acute @entity397 and 2 with contained chronic @entity397 . Uni- or bilateral @entity1695 was noted in 8 @entity1 . The diagnosis was suspected preoperatively in 60% of cases. Surgery confirmed the accuracy of the anatomical information provided preoperatively by the CT examination performed in 9 @entity1 . Debridement and grafting were performed in 22 @entity1 . Three @entity1 with associated @entity1695 were treated with ureterolysis during the same operative step at the beginning of our experience. Later on, 3 documented cases of @entity3041 receded after the isolated debridement and grafting of the @entity439 . Hospital mortality was of 5% in 19 @entity1 operated electively. Two @entity1 died later, after 2 months and after 5 years, and 16 are still alive and without symptoms at present, after and average time lapse of 68 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity439 of the abdominal aorta with periaortic XXXX . A retrospective study of 23 consecutive successful operations].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'atheromatous aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: Most @entity1 do not develop @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in spite of the density of the commensal flora. In the past few years, several areas of gut mucosal immunology have emerged that will permit advances in the management of @entity29 at the bedside. The commensal flora is only beginning to be fully appreciated as another metabolic organ in the body. Innate immunity as it relates to the gut has complemented our understanding of the adaptive immune response. The most important susceptibility gene described for @entity30 , the @entity6820 gene, participates in the innate immune response to pathogens. @entity1 carrying @entity6820 mutations have an increased adaptive immune response to commensal organisms as measured by higher titers of antimicrobial antibodies, such as anti-CBir and anti- @entity375 cerevisiae antibodies. Toll-like receptors expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the gut and intestinal epithelial cells also play a role in recognition of intestinal flora. Within the @entity1412 category, dendritic cells link the innate and adaptive immune systems and shape the nature of the adaptive immune response to commensal bacteria. With respect to adaptive immunity, a new signaling pathway involving a distinct helper @entity404 T-cell subset producing interleukin-17 may become a target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on developments likely to culminate in advances in @entity1 care.

title: Advances in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity4446 (MP) are the mainstays of continuation therapy for @entity981 ( @entity981 ). These drugs are stored in tissues as active metabolites. Relapse in @entity981 might reflect failure to achieve adequate intracellular drug levels. Assured (parenteral) delivery of higher doses of @entity1500 and MP should maximize tissue levels of these drugs by overcoming individual variations in absorption, metabolism, clearance, and compliance. Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity981 at lower risk of relapse received 12 intensive @entity1500 /MP courses immediately after 4 weeks of standard @entity1891 , @entity229 , and asparaginase induction. Each 2-week intensive course included: @entity1500 , 200 mg/m2 intravenous (IV) push then 800 mg/m2 IV over 24 hours on day 1; MP, 200 mg/m2 IV push then 800 mg/m2 IV over 8 hours on day 2; @entity1500 , 20 mg/m2 intramuscularly on day 8; and MP, 50 mg/m2 orally daily on days 8 to 14. After the 6 months of intensive therapy, continuation therapy was weekly @entity1500 /MP (as on days 8 to 14) for 1 or 2 years. Age-based @entity1500 was given intrathecally (IT) for CNS prophylaxis. All @entity1 entered remission. Three @entity1 relapsed: bone marrow (at 24 and 37 months), and bone marrow and CNS (at 34 months). There were no isolated CNS relapses or @entity204 in remission. Event-free survival at 4 years is 94% (SE, 7%) by Kaplan-Meier analysis. @entity137 ( @entity281 , @entity33 ) occurred in less than 10% of intensive @entity1500 /MP courses. However, a @entity1 with @entity1467 withdrew after three courses because of recurrent severe @entity33 . Further studies of this regimen are in progress.

title: Intermediate-dose intravenous @entity1499 and XXXX therapy for non-T, non-B @entity981 of childhood: a Pediatric Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity4446 :: (MESH:D015122,Chemical) :: ['mercaptopurine']


abstract: @entity3136 is rare and reported to be more aggressive than its cutaneous counterpart. Due to the rarity of this entity, data on epidemiology, @entity5 behavior, treatment, follow-up, and survival of @entity1 are mainly based on single case reports. The few existing series of @entity1 show that @entity320 has its peak between 41 and 60 years of age, and male to female ratio is 2:1. Preferred oral sites include @entity2419 and @entity4067 . Risk factors have not been clearly identified, and surgical treatment is still the treatment of @entity3136 . The authors retrospectively studied 35 @entity1 with primary @entity320 to report their clinical and pathological features, such as age, sex, site of the @entity5 , @entity3 , treatment, response to therapy, and outcome. We found no significant sex predominance, and the mean age of the @entity1 was 60.6 years, with a range from 9 to 91 years. The majority of the @entity1 (71.42%) had palate commitment, and invasive histopathological aspect was observed in 80% of the specimens (grade 3). Long-distance @entity3 was found in 60% of the cases. Fourteen @entity1 were submitted to wide surgical resections, with local relapse being observed in 11 of them (78.5%). The authors suggest that improved outcome in oral @entity320 requires the development of new therapies and the prevention of distant @entity3 .

title: Primary XXXX : a series of 35 new cases from South America.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['choice for oral mucosal melanomas', 'Oral mucosal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity4067 :: ('MESH:D017675', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary alveolar crests']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['hard palate']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma of the oral cavity', 'oral mucosa melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity3136 :: (MESH:D013280,Disease) :: ['oral mucosal melanoma']


abstract: In this phase II multicenter trial, 67 evaluable @entity1 with advanced measurable @entity356 were treated with a combination of @entity2879 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, @entity2145 ), and @entity900 ( @entity11664 ). The overall response rate was 64%, including 21% complete responses (CRs). In 55 @entity1 with @entity3 , 31 responses (51%) including eight CRs (15%) were achieved. Responses were seen in all metastatic sites, but the response rate was lower in @entity1 with @entity298 . In 12 @entity1 with @entity66 , six CRs and six partial responses (PRs) were observed. Eight CRs (three and five in @entity1 with metastatic and @entity66 , respectively) were pathologically confirmed. The overall median response duration was 7 months; it was 16 months for @entity1 achieving CR (22 months for pathologically confirmed CR [pCR]), and 6 months for PR. The median survival time for all @entity1 was 9 months, for the @entity1 who achieved CR 17 months, for pCR 23 months, and for PR 9.5 months. Median survival time for all @entity1 with @entity3 was 8 months, and for @entity66 12.5 months. Six @entity1 (9%) (four local, two @entity3 ) were alive at 2 years, and four @entity1 are alive and disease free at 35+ to 56+ months. Main @entity137 were @entity1431 and @entity882 , with 64% of @entity1 developing grade 3 to 4 myelosuppression and 12% severe @entity281 . Nonhematologic @entity137 of World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4 were not observed.

title: Phase II study with the combination @entity2879 , XXXX , and @entity900 in advanced measurable @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study imaging changes associated with @entity3083 ( @entity3083 ) over time and evaluate their association with clinical and laboratory data. METHODS: Between 1997 and 2004, @entity1 with proven @entity3083 in our institution were prospectively enrolled and treated for 1 year. Clinical and laboratory data were collected at baseline and every 3 months. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at baseline. MRI was performed at least twice during treatment and at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 were enrolled; neurological signs were present at baseline in 14 @entity1 (74%). Initial MRI/CT findings comprised (in percentages of @entity1 ) the following: paravertebral @entity733 (100/100); intradiscal @entity733 (47/0); and epidural @entity733 (82/24) with @entity1745 (64/18) or radicular compression (36/0). @entity4 was observed on initial MRI in all the @entity1 . Full follow-up data were available for 15 @entity1 : all were cured with a mean follow-up of 25 months after the end of treatment. @entity1017 was nearly maximal at 6 months, and @entity158 relief was achieved within 9 months. @entity1851 returned to normal after 3 months. On MRI, all epidural @entity733 disappeared within 9 months; paravertebral @entity733 disappeared after 3, 6, and 12 months in 45, 50, and 85% of @entity1 , respectively. Vertebral body signal converted to a fatty signal in 75% of cases at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Significant @entity854 can persist after successful treatment of @entity3083 . These findings suggest that MRI need not be repeated in @entity1 with clinical and laboratory improvement.

title: XXXX : a longitudinal study with clinical, laboratory, and imaging outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Edema of the vertebral body']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['ST', 'spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['imaging abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity3083 :: (MESH:D014399,Disease) :: ['Spinal tuberculosis']


abstract: We examined the clinical course after switching disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in @entity1 with @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ). Eighty-five consecutive @entity3780 @entity1 who received weekly interferon beta-1a ( @entity2391 -1a) 6 MU i.m. for at least 18 months were enrolled. Baseline annualized relapse rate (ARR) for the 2 years prior to initiating therapy with @entity2391 -1a was obtained from charts. All 85 @entity1 received treatment with @entity2391 -1a at 6 MU i.m. weekly for 18-24 months (mean 19.7 months). Treatment with @entity2391 -1a reduced the mean ARR from 1.41 to 1.23 (P=0.005). All 85 @entity1 were then switched to @entity1638 (GA) 20 mg s.c. daily and prospectively followed up for 36-42 months (mean 37.5 months). @entity1 were switched because of persistent clinical disease activity (n=62) or persistently unacceptable @entity137 (n=23) as determined by the treating neurologist. Treatment with GA reduced the mean ARR from 1.23 to 0.53 (P=0.0001). Subgroup analysis showed that in @entity1 who were switched because of lack of efficacy (n=62), the mean ARR was reduced from 1.32 on @entity2391 -1a to 0.52 on GA (P=0.0001). In contrast, in @entity1 who switched because of persistent @entity137 (n=23), the mean ARR was reduced from 0.61 on @entity2391 -1a to 0.47 on GA (P, non-significant). Our observations suggest that clinical observations such as relapse rate and tolerability may be used as criteria for switching DMT in clinical practice. More definitive consensus criteria incorporating magnetic resonance imaging and clinical observations for defining optimal response and tolerability need to be developed for the routine clinical management of @entity3780 @entity1 receiving DMT.

title: Clinical course after change of immunomodulating therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

answer: @entity3780 :: (MESH:D020529,Disease) :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: A Japanese study had earlier reported that @entity9677 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be associated with @entity2316 . To further investigate this finding, we analysed three SNPs, @entity12495 , @entity12496 and @entity44515 , within the @entity9677 locus for association with @entity633 among Chinese @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 residing in Singapore. @entity633 was analysed as both categorical (micro- and macroalbuminuria) and continuous traits (log(e) albumin/ @entity1011 ratio [ACR]). METHODS: A total of 752 Chinese @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were included in the study. @entity633 was determined by ACR using spot urine samples, and renal function was approximated using estimated GFR. Genotyping was performed using invader and Taqman assays as appropriate. Multivariate regression analyses were used to analyse the associations between SNPs and renal traits. RESULTS: Significant associations were detected between @entity44515 and macroalbuminuria (p < 0.001, corrected p < 0.01), as well as log(e) ACR (p = 0.004, corrected p = 0.036) after multiple hypothesis testing and adjustment for potential confounding. A trend of increasing OR was observed with increasing severity of @entity2316 (low and high microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria). @entity12496 , previously implicated in the earlier Japanese study, was also associated with macroalbuminuria, but this finding did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. Meta-analyses of the Chinese and Japanese studies revealed both SNPs to be significantly associated with macroalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Together with the previous Japanese study, our findings support the hypothesis that, in addition to @entity9677 being an established @entity164 2 @entity6 gene, genetic variation in this gene may contribute to susceptibility to @entity2316 in East Asians.

title: XXXX SNPS and susceptibility to @entity2316 in East Asians with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity9677 :: (3784,Gene) :: ['KCNQ1']


abstract: @entity699 represents a constellation of symptoms of various origins. In most @entity1 , detailed endocrinologic and radiologic testing will differentiate between @entity699 , @entity652 , @entity4304 , primary @entity4383 , and ectopic @entity3317 -producing @entity5 . Although adrenal surgery affords rapid and reliable remission in @entity1 with @entity699 , it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Complications can be minimized by careful perioperative preparation. The indications for adrenal surgery for @entity699 have been altered radically by the success and low morbidity of transsphenoidal surgery. Total adrenalectomy is indicated in @entity1 with @entity4383 and should be considered for adults who have failed selective pituitary adenectomy or hypophysectomy and in whom ectopic corticotropin secretion has been unequivocally ruled out. At the Lahey Clinic, total adrenalectomy is performed through an anterior abdominal incision. Anterior approaches are especially indicated in those @entity1 who require abdominal exploration for other intra-abdominal pathologic conditions that require surgery. Total adrenalectomy is indicated in the very rare @entity1 who has @entity699 caused by ectopic corticotropin production when the @entity1 is severely ill, a @entity5 is not found, and medical therapy fails or is poorly tolerated. Small @entity5 are best approached through a flank incision. Larger potentially @entity5 should be approached through a thoracoabdominal incision.

title: Surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", "Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['corticotropin']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal carcinoma']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the possible prevention of renal and intestinal ischaemia during surgery of @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) by use of retrograde and selective organ perfusion. DESIGN: Prospective study. MATERIALS: Thirty-three consecutive @entity1 underwent @entity2334 repair, six of whom had a previous type B dissection: 14 @entity1 (35%) had type I @entity2334 , 12 @entity1 type II (32%), three @entity1 @entity164 (15%) and four @entity1 type IV (18%). Mean age was 61 years (range 22-84 years). METHODS: In @entity1 with type I @entity2334 , retrograde aortic perfusion was performed by means of a left atrium femoral artery bypass or partial cardiopulmonary bypass. In type II, III and IV the same procedure was performed; however, following cross-clamping and opening of the abdominal aorta, the coeliac trunc, superior mesenteric and both renal arteries were selectively perfused with four Pruitt-catheters (9 Fr.), connected as an octopus to the extracorporal circulation. RESULTS: All @entity1 survived the surgical procedure. The minimal volume flow through each octopus catheter was 60 ml/min. Urine output was uninterrupted in all @entity1 , irrespective of the aortic cross-clamp time. Only one @entity1 (3%), who already had @entity177 , developed @entity177 . Total in-hospital mortality was 15%, @entity451 occurred in 12%. CONCLUSION: Retrograde aortic and selective organ perfusion is a safe technique and can prevent @entity8 during cross-clamping of the aorta in thoracoabdominal @entity439 surgery.

title: Retrograde aortic and selective organ perfusion during XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic renal and intestinal damage']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms', 'TAAA']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: @entity14534 ( @entity14534 ) is an orally bioavailable double prodrug of the active principle @entity3926 ( @entity39363 ZW), which exerts potent anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity. The objective of the analysis was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model characterizing and quantifying the relationship between covariates and model parameters. A total of 4604 @entity39363 ZW plasma concentrations, obtained from 287 @entity1 after once- or twice-daily oral dosing for up to 10 days after surgery in the dose range 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mg @entity14534 , were available for the analysis. All the analyses were performed with NONMEN V. Pharmacokinetics of @entity3926 were best described by a 2-compartment model. The data supported the estimation of different apparent first-order absorption rate constants (k(a)) and apparent plasma clearances (CL/F) for days 0 and 1 and days 2 to 10 after surgery. Parameter estimates indicated a flip-flop phenomenon. Age and serum @entity1011 influenced k(a), whereas gastrin and @entity1011 clearance, only for days 2 to 10, affected CL/F (P < .001). The typical values for CL/F for a @entity1 with gastrin of 34.58 pmol/L and @entity1011 clearance of 76.16 mL/min were 70.87 and 106.2 L/h on days 0 and 1 and days 2 to 10, respectively. The differences found in the pharmacokinetics of @entity3926 during the first 24 hours after surgery are most likely due to alterations in gastric motility and pH following surgery. As a consequence, the rate of absorption is reduced and interindividual variability in drug exposure increased. On the following days, the disposition in plasma of @entity39363 ZW is less variable.

title: Population pharmacokinetic analysis of the new oral thrombin inhibitor @entity14534 ( @entity14534 ) in XXXX undergoing primary elective total hip replacement surgery.

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity14534 :: ('MESH:C453962', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran etexilate', 'BIBR 1048']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This paper provides absorbed doses arising from radon gas in air retained in lung airway lumens. Because @entity30364 gas exposure experiments often use small animals, the calculation was performed for @entity19 and @entity35 . For reference, the corresponding computations were also done for @entity1 . Assuming that radon concentration in airway lumens is the same as that in the environment, its progeny's production in and clearance from airways were simulated. Absorbed dose rates were obtained for three lung regions and the whole lung, considering that secretory and basal cells are sensitive to radiation. The results showed that absorbed dose rates for all lung regions and whole lung generally increase from @entity19 to @entity35 to @entity1 . For example, the dose rates for the whole lung were 25.4 in @entity19 , 41.7 in @entity35 , and 59.9 pGy (Bq m     )      h      in @entity1 . Furthermore, these values were also compared with lung dose rates from two other types of exposures, that is, due to inhalation of radon or its progeny, which were already reported. It was confirmed that the direct inhalation of radon progeny in the natural environment, which is known as a cause of @entity2 , results in the highest dose rates for all species. Based on the present calculations, absorbed dose rates of the whole lung from radon gas were lower by a factor of about 550 ( @entity19 ), 200 ( @entity35 ), or 70 ( @entity1 ) than those from radon progeny inhalation. The calculated dose rate values are comparatively small. Nevertheless, the present study is considered to contribute to our understanding of doses from inhalation of radon and its progeny.

title: Absorbed doses of lungs from radon retained in airway lumens of XXXX and @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: AIMS: We sought to explore our @entity1 outcomes utilizing sacral neuromodulation in the management of refractory urinary urge @entity322 following urogynecological surgical procedures. METHODS: A total of 25 @entity1 with urinary urge @entity322 following urogynecological surgery were selected for SNS therapy and retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 completed a comprehensive urological evaluation. Clinical data was recorded to determine outcomes and identify parameters that would be predictive of response to neuromodulation. Outcomes were determined via subjective @entity1 questionnaire and graded as follows: significant response (> or =80% improvement), moderate response (> or =50% and <80% improvement), and poor response (<50% response). RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 had a previous pubovaginal sling (10 with concomitant pelvic prolapse repair), 3 a previous retropubic suspension, and 3 a transperitoneal @entity789 repair. Urethrolysis was performed in 4 @entity1 to alleviate @entity1876 prior to sacral neuromodulation. Mean @entity1 age was 59.8 years and length of follow-up was 7.2 months. Twenty-two @entity1 (88%) had the IPG placed during a Stage 2 procedure. Twenty @entity1 maintained at least a 50% improvement in clinical symptoms at last follow-up and 6 @entity1 were continent. Overall, the number of pads/day improved from 4.2 to 1.1 (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in response to neuromodulation based upon age, duration of symptoms, type of surgery, or urodynamic parameters. CONCLUSION: Sacral neuromodulation appears to be an effective therapy in @entity1 with refractory urge @entity322 following urogynecological surgery. Larger prospective studies with longer follow-up are needed to assess the durability of this therapeutic modality.

title: Management of refractory urinary urge XXXX following urogynecological surgery with sacral neuromodulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['vesicovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The optimal anticoagulant for @entity1 with non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 (NSTE-ACS) managed with an invasive strategy remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of @entity43110 , a novel intravenous direct factor Xa inhibitor, with that of unfractionated heparin plus downstream eptifibatide in @entity1 with NSTE-ACS undergoing a planned early invasive strategy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Randomized, double-blind, active-controlled superiority trial that enrolled 13,229 @entity1 with NSTE-ACS and a planned early invasive strategy, at 568 active sites in 55 countries and conducted between April 2010 and February 2013. A planned interim analysis was conducted for @entity43110 dose selection. INTERVENTIONS: Eligible @entity1 were randomized to @entity43110 (bolus and infusion, at 1 of 2 doses) or unfractionated heparin plus, at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention, eptifibatide. The @entity43110 dose selected at interim analysis was an intravenous bolus of 0.080 mg/kg followed by an infusion of 0.140 mg/kg per hour. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of all-cause @entity204 or new @entity583 through day 7. RESULTS: Rates of the primary efficacy outcome were 5.5% (279 of 5105 @entity1 ) randomized to receive @entity43110 and 5.7% (310 of 5466 @entity1 ) randomized to receive unfractionated heparin plus eptifibatide (adjusted relative risk, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.85-1.16]; P   =   .93). There were no differences for the secondary end points, including procedural @entity715 . The primary safety outcome of @entity715 in @entity583 major or minor @entity548 through day 7 was increased by @entity43110 (3.1% vs 1.5%; relative risk, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.63-2.78]; P   <   .001). Results were consistent across prespecified subgroups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: @entity43110 did not reduce the rate of @entity63 events relative to unfractionated heparin plus eptifibatide but did increase @entity548 . These findings do not support the use of @entity43110 for @entity1 with NSTE-ACS undergoing planned early percutaneous coronary intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01076764.

title: Anticoagulation with @entity43110 and XXXX events in non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 : the TAO randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity43110 :: ('MESH:C435830', 'Chemical') :: ['otamixaban', 'Otamixaban']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications', 'Thrombosis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity177 aggravates pathological @entity299 induced by @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Cardiac remodelling is associated with @entity3207 , a marker for biological ageing. We investigated whether mild and severe @entity177 shorten cardiac telomeres and excessively shorten telomeres after @entity583 . METHODS: @entity35 were subjected to sham, unilateral (UNX) or 5/6th nephrectomy (5/6NX) to induce none, mild or severe @entity177 . @entity583 was induced by left coronary artery ligation. Renal function parameters and blood pressure were measured. DNA was isolated from non-infarcted cardiac tissue. Telomere length was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: @entity644 was unchanged in UNX and @entity583 compared with control, but strongly increased in 5/6NX, UNX+ @entity583 and 5/6NX+ @entity583 . Serum @entity1011 levels were increased fourfold in 5/6NX and tenfold in 5/6NX+ @entity583 . 5/6NX and groups with both @entity177 and @entity583 showed an approximate 20% reduction of @entity10205 length, similar to the @entity583 group. No excess @entity3207 was observed in hearts from @entity35 with @entity8 after @entity583 . CONCLUSION: @entity177 , but not mild @entity177 , leads to @entity3207 of cardiac telomeres to a similar extent as found after @entity583 . @entity177 did not induce excessive @entity3207 after @entity583 . (Neth Heart J 2009;17:190-4.).

title: @entity177 induces XXXX in the @entity35 heart.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ablation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Renal failure', 'Severe renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening', 'telomere shortening']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodelling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity3207 :: (MESH:C535850,Disease) :: ['telomere shortening']


abstract: The time course and mechanism of vulnerability to @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) a 10-minute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and following its release were studied in 48 @entity235 . @entity2224 threshold was determined by inducing a sequence of three extrasystoles (sequential R/T pulsing). Within 1 minute of occlusion, the fibrillation current decreased to the level required for eliciting a propagated diastolic response. This state of enhanced vulnerability lasted for approximately 6 minutes, after which the @entity2224 threshold returned to preocclusion values. The vulnerability changes upon reperfusion, by comparison, occurred within seconds of release and persisted only transiently. Three minutes of occlusion was the minimal time which resulted in a reduction in @entity2224 threshold after release. Alpha and beta-adrenergic blockade with @entity5521 and @entity1169 , respectively, prevented the decrease in @entity2224 threshold during occlusion but were without effect upon threshold changes during coronary artery release. @entity3303 failed to alter the pattern of vulnerability. It is concluded that adrenergic mechanisms play a key role in the increased susceptibility to @entity2224 associated with acute @entity741 , whereas the changes in @entity2224 threshold following reperfusion may be due to washout products of cellular @entity63 . These findings support the view that protection against @entity2224 during @entity1563 and release may require different antiarrhythmic measures.

title: Differing mechanisms for ventricular vulnerability during XXXX and release.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary artery occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The endothelial @entity842 synthase cofactor @entity8083 ( @entity8084 ) plays a pivotal role in maintaining endothelial function in experimental @entity455 models and in @entity1 . Augmentation of endogenous @entity8084 levels by oral @entity8084 treatment has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy in @entity455 states. We sought to determine the mechanisms relating exogenous @entity8084 to @entity1 vascular function and to determine oral @entity8084 pharmacokinetics in both plasma and vascular tissue in @entity1 with @entity453 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity453 were randomized to receive low-dose (400 mg/d) or high-dose (700 mg/d) @entity8084 or placebo for 2 to 6 weeks before coronary artery bypass surgery. Vascular function was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging before and after treatment, along with plasma @entity8084 levels. Vascular @entity224 , endothelial function, and @entity8084 levels were determined in segments of saphenous vein and internal mammary artery. Oral @entity8084 treatment significantly augmented @entity8084 levels in plasma and in saphenous vein (but not internal mammary artery) but also increased levels of the oxidation product @entity43835 (BH2), which lacks endothelial @entity842 synthase cofactor activity. There was no effect of @entity8084 treatment on vascular function or @entity224 production. Supplementation of @entity1 vessels and blood with @entity8084 ex vivo revealed rapid oxidation of @entity8084 to BH2 with predominant BH2 uptake by vascular tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity8084 treatment augments total biopterin levels in @entity1 with established @entity453 but has no net effect on vascular redox state or endothelial function owing to systemic and vascular oxidation of @entity8084 . Alternative strategies are required to target @entity8084 -dependent endothelial function in established @entity455 states.

title: Systemic and vascular oxidation limits the efficacy of oral XXXX treatment in @entity1 with @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43835 :: ('MESH:C017226', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrobiopterin']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity8083 :: ('MESH:C003402', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrobiopterin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity8083 :: (MESH:C003402,Chemical) :: ['tetrahydrobiopterin']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Radiographic analysis with @entity1635 @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To analyze correlations between sagittal spinal alignment and coronal scoliotic curvature. SUMMARYOF BACKGROUND DATA: Sagittal spinal alignment and @entity1635 may have a significant relationship, and schematic analysis is needed. METHODS: The study group was comprised of 163 @entity1 with @entity1615 . Subjects underwent antero-posterior and lateral radiographs of the whole spine including hip joints. The radiographic parameters used were magnitude, location and direction of curve, @entity1513 , @entity23057 , @entity1515 , sagittal balance, @entity10145 , and pelvic angle. Subjects were classified into four groups according to the severity of coronal curvature: Cobb angle  <=20  , Cobb angle 21-40  , Cobb angle 41-60   and Cobb angle>60  . In addition, subjects were divided into four subgroups according to Roussouly's classification (Types 1-4) of sagittal spinal shape. Schematic analysis was performed to determine the relationship between coronal and sagittal parameters. RESULTS: Analysis of parameters with severity of coronal curvature, @entity1513 , and @entity10145 were significantly higher in high grade @entity1635 (P<0.05). However, the pelvic angle was higher in low grade @entity1635 , and sagittal balance showed a significantly higher positive value in low grade @entity1635 (P<0.05). In the analysis of sagittal spinal shapes, Roussouly groups 3 and 4 showed more severe @entity1635 with @entity1515 and @entity1513 (P<0.05). In addition, Roussouly group 1 demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of low grade @entity1635 , whereas, groups 3 and 4 had a higher incidence of high degree @entity1635 by cross-relation analysis (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: A significant relationship exists between sagittal spinal shape and coronal curvature in @entity1635 . Understanding the biplanar shapes of @entity1635 may be helpful to surgeons.

title: Effect of Coronal Scoliotic Curvature on Sagittal Spinal shape - Analysis of Parameters in Mature XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity23057 :: ('MESH:C566002', 'Disease') :: ['thoraco-lumbar kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['higher lumbar lordosis', 'lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['sacral slope']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['Adolescent Scoliosis']


abstract: LDL- @entity165 is the leading risk factor which influences the clinical outcome of @entity1 with preexisting @entity301 . Clinical trials show that plasma LDL- @entity165 below 100 mg/dL decrease the rate of recurrent @entity583 and can induce regression in @entity1 with @entity301 . However, in most cases of severe @entity1007 with plasma LDL- @entity165 concentrations above 220 mg/dL LDL cannot be sufficiently decreased by maximal dietary and pharmacological therapy alone. Today this group of high risk CHD @entity1 can be treated in addition with an extracorporeal procedure to eliminate LDL from the plasma circulation, the H.E.L.P.--LDL-apheresis. This method for selective removal of LDL, lipoprotein(a) and fibrinogen from plasma has been shown to be a clinically safe and very efficient method for the treatment of @entity1 with homozygous @entity753 or CHD @entity1 with severe @entity1007 . Treatments with 1 week H.E.L.P. intervals revealed a mean reduction of minus 51% for LDL, of minus 45% for @entity3452 and of minus 46% for apo B, while HDL was increased by +12%. Fibrinogen was decreased by minus 46%. Besides the marked reduction of LDL and fibrinogen plasma concentrations the H.E.L.P. treatment significantly improves hemorheological parameters and increases the @entity26 tension in the tissue. We have also investigated the efficiency of a combined therapy, using @entity2453 reductase inhibitors together with the H.E.L.P.--apheresis. Under this combined treatment, a reduction of the interval LDL- @entity165 levels of 70-80% has been achieved, while @entity3452 and fibrinogen were not further affected. We now report about our long-term clinical experience with the H.E.L.P. system in treating @entity1 with @entity74 : (1) Homozygous form of @entity753 ; (2) CHD @entity1 with @entity753 ; (3) CHD @entity1 with very high concentrations of lipoprotein(a); and (4) @entity753 @entity1 after heart transplantation. Based on present experience guidelines for secondary prevention of @entity301 indications for the H.E.L.P.--LDL-apheresis treatment are discussed.

title: LDL-apheresis: clinical experience and indications in the treatment of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia', 'Hypercholesterolemic', 'familial and non-familial hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['different lipoprotein disorders']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Computed tomographic (CT) colonography or virtual colonoscopy is a new diagnostic method for the colon and rectum, developed on the basis of spiral computed axial tomography and employing virtual reality technology. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of CT colonography compared with colonoscopy in a prospective, blinded study in one single institution in Italy. METHODS: Ninety-nine @entity1 randomly selected among those attending the open-access endoscopy unit for diagnostic colonoscopy underwent colonoscopy and spiral CT. The images obtained were transmitted to generate the virtual colonoscopy pictures. A supervisor compared the results with the findings of conventional colonoscopy. RESULTS: CT colonography diagnosed seven of @entity5 , one being missed because the @entity1 had been inadequately prepared. In 28 @entity1 , CT colonography identified 26 @entity1127 of 45 (57.8% sensitivity, 92.6% specificity, 86.7% positive predictive value), regardless of their size. The sensitivity in detecting @entity1586 was 31.8% (7/22) in the first 25 cases and 91.6% (11/12) in the last 20 @entity1 . CT colonography missed one flat @entity652 , some angioectasias and @entity1049 because of portal @entity101 in one @entity1 , @entity30 @entity1066 in two @entity1 , and @entity31 lesions in three. CONCLUSIONS: CT colonography shows poor sensitivity for identifying @entity1586 and does not always detect neoplastic lesions. Flat lesions are impossible to see by this method.

title: Computed tomographic colonography and conventional colonoscopy for XXXX : a prospective, blinded study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['eight tumors']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lesions']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity1049 :: (MESH:D003108,Disease) :: ['colon diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether diabetes @entity66 ( @entity66 ) programs are able to improve adherence to glycosylated hemoglobin ( @entity3916 ) and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) clinical testing in a nonadherent population and to quantify the efficacy of telephonic interventions in improving clinical testing rates. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, observational cohort study before and after @entity66 program implementation. METHODS: A baseline cohort of members with @entity6 (n = 5640) was identified from among large-scale @entity6 programs administered for 13 geographically diverse health plans. Members were defined by nonadherence at baseline to @entity3916 and/or LDL-C testing, grouped together based on how long they had participated in the program, divided retrospectively into telephonically contacted and uncontacted groups, and analyzed in the subsequent 12-month implementation period for testing rates. Subgroups defined by disease burden at baseline and frequency of telephonic interactions were analyzed to determine achievement of guideline-based @entity3916 and LDL-C testing rates. RESULTS: Participation in @entity6 programs was associated with improved @entity3916 and LDL-C testing rates in previously nonadherent members. Calling nonadherent members improved @entity3916 testing by 30.2% and LDL-C testing by 10.9% compared with testing rates for members who were not called. Members with high disease burden benefited even more from the @entity6 intervention. Frequency of telephonic contacts with nonadherent individuals demonstrated a linear relationship with improved rates of adherence to @entity3916 and LDL-C testing guidelines, and markedly improved testing rates compared with a not-called group. CONCLUSION: Telephonic interventions as part of comprehensive @entity66 programs are associated with improved disease-monitoring testing.

title: Impact of telephonic interventions on glycosylated hemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein XXXX testing.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes DM', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease management', 'DM']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: The variable and nonspecific presentations of @entity4340 , as well as its infrequent incidence in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ), can result in delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Previous reports have not discussed the diagnostic difficulties of @entity4340 from the viewpoint of emergency physicians (EPs), especially in light of the widespread use of @entity341 ultrasonography. This report describes a 1-year experience between November 1993 and October 1994, during which 10 @entity341 @entity1 were diagnosed to have @entity4340 ; in 7 cases, diagnoses were established in the @entity341 . @entity1 ' mean age was 64.6 years (range, 46 to 76). @entity158 was the most frequently encountered symptom (80%), with 5 @entity1 (50%) complaining of @entity812 . The triad of @entity221 , @entity812 , and limitation of hip movement, which is specific for @entity4340 , was present only in 3 @entity1 (30%). The mean duration of symptoms was 10.6 days (range, 1 to 30 days). The mean time spent to establish the diagnosis was 1.7 days (range, 0 to 7 days). The diagnosis of @entity4340 was established by ultrasound in 6 @entity1 , by computed tomography (CT) in 3 @entity1 , and by surgery in 1 @entity1 . Four @entity1 who presented with either @entity295 and nonspecific @entity812 or @entity295 and thigh swelling were diagnosed to have @entity4340 by ultrasound performed by EPs. Only 3 @entity1 were admitted to the @entity341 with an initial diagnosis of @entity4340 . The remaining 7 had the following initial @entity341 diagnoses: 2, @entity221 of unknown origin; 2, @entity326 ; 1, shock; 1, @entity295 ; and 1, @entity298 . All but one had manifestations of @entity295 . Two @entity1 died of @entity326 ; these two @entity1 had failed to be drained well. This report also includes a discussion of the role of EPs and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of @entity4340 . With their alertness and their expertise in ultrasonographic techniques, EPs can make an immediate diagnosis and arrange an early drainage procedure. For @entity1 with @entity295 of unknown origin, prolonged @entity221 of unknown origin, and some specific manifestations suggestive of @entity4340 , the screening ultrasound should scan not only abdominal solid organs but also peritoneal cavity and retroperitoneal space. In addition, a flow chart is presented for facilitating the diagnosis of @entity4340 in the @entity341 .

title: Psoas abscess: making an early diagnosis in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity4340 :: ('MESH:D016659', 'Disease') :: ['psoas abscess']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal/flank pain', 'flank pain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: Of the @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for the respiratory system at our hospital over the past 9 years, 6 were postoperatively complicated with chylothorax, 1 with liquorrhea and the other one with @entity451 . Chylothorax occurred after mediastinal lymph node dissection which was carried out for the treatment of @entity5 . In five cases, it occurred on the left side, and in the sixth case, it occurred on the right side. In 2 @entity1 who received conservative treatment, there was no reduction in chyle outflow, and they died of @entity385 and @entity295 . The other 4 cases were surgically treated. In 3 of them, the impaired site of the thoracic duct was confirmed by administration of @entity38353 before surgery. We confirmed that early reoperation for the chylothorax after lung resection should be performed. Liquorrhea occurred from the 5th costvertebral joint which had been directly infiltrated by @entity2 . Fortunately, the postoperative course was uneventful, though the @entity1 complained of @entity1296 and @entity10 until 14 postoperative days. The case of @entity451 was caused by oxydized cellulose @entity2708 that entered the epidural space via the intervertebral foramen. It was used for hemostasis in the 5th costvertebral joint. This case indicates that oxydized cellulose @entity2708 , which swells when it absorbs water, should be carefully used for hemostasis around the nerves.

title: [Complication related to operative procedure in XXXX and mediastinal malignancy--report of 6 cases].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess evidence for any socioeconomic gradients in @entity28 and @entity101 in a population-representative sample in Hong Kong, China. METHODS: The data of a stratified random sampled growth survey collected in 2005-2006 was matched with a population by-census. Obesity was defined using the International Obesity Task Force standard and @entity101 was defined using the Hong Kong norm table. Family socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by maternal education level. Neighbourhood SES was measured by median household income of the neighbourhood. Multilevel Poisson regression models with robust standard error were used to test the association. Body mass indices of @entity1 's parents were included as potential confounders. Intra-school/neighbourhood correlations were adjusted using random factors. RESULTS: Totally 14842 @entity1 (age 6-19 years) included in the analysis, in which 16.6% of them were overweight or @entity28 . @entity1 whose mother only completed secondary school or below had higher risk of @entity28 ( @entity4736 .41, 95% CI 1.13-1.76, p = 0.003) and @entity101 ( @entity4736 .18, 95% CI 1.01-1.36, p = 0.03). Meanwhile, @entity1 in the lowest neighbourhood SES group had higher risk of childhood underweight ( @entity4736 .61, 95% CI 1.04-2.49, p = 0.03), overweight ( @entity4736 .35, 95% CI 1.05-1.72, p = 0.02), and @entity28 ( @entity16071 .07, 95% CI 1.11-3.88, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic gradient in @entity28 and @entity101 existed in Hong Kong, one of the most developed cities in China. These results have implications for policymakers and public health experts and highlight the need to monitor trends in other parts of China.

title: Socioeconomic Gradient in Childhood Obesity and XXXX : A Multilevel Population-Based Study in a Chinese Community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: We aimed to compare the effects of protein to @entity1735 ratio and physical form in dairy on @entity413 homeostasis and food intake. METHODS: In a crossover design, 20 healthy males consumed 250  g of one of five treatments, plain yogurt, plain yogurt with honey, strawberry yogurt, skim milk or orange juice, as mid-morning snacks. Food intake was assessed 120  min later. Blood @entity413 , serum @entity2690 and subjective satiety were measured pre- and post-meal. RESULTS: Pre-meal @entity413 responses were attenuated in a dose-dependent manner to the increasing protein and decreasing @entity3363 in dairy. Protein to @entity1735 ratio correlated negatively with pre-meal @entity413 due to improved efficacy of @entity2690 action rather than to increased @entity2690 concentrations. Compared with a @entity1735 beverage (orange juice), cumulative blood @entity413 was lower after dairy snacks but the effect was not explained by their protein to @entity1735 ratio or physical form. Skim milk, with the lowest protein to @entity1735 ratio among dairy products, attenuated both pre-meal and post-meal @entity413 compared to orange juice without inducing higher @entity2690 levels. There was no effect of treatments on appetite and food intake. CONCLUSIONS: While pre-meal glycemia was attenuated dose-dependently to increased protein to @entity1735 ratio in dairy snacks, the contribution of dairy products to post-meal @entity413 control and to satiety and food intake was independent of their protein to @entity1735 ratio and physical form in healthy @entity1 . This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01673321.

title: Increasing the protein to XXXX ratio in yogurts consumed as a snack reduces post-consumption glycemia independent of @entity2690 .

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative differences on dental plaque formation on two different roughness @entity702 implant surfaces, i.e. machined and @entity702 plasma sprayed, as well as the amount of plaque removal by regular toothbrushing after 72-hour plaque accumulation. METHODS: Eight systemically healthy subjects were recruited from the @entity1 pool of a private dental practice. All @entity1 underwent oral hygiene instruction and full mouth prophylaxis. Subsequently, maxillary casts from all @entity1 were obtained and removable 0.7 mm-thick acetate stents without occlusal contact points were fabricated to support four @entity702 specimens of 4 x 2 x 2 mm divided into two groups (machined and plasma sprayed). Subjects were instructed to wear the stents for 72 hours, full time, removing them only during regular oral hygiene. Subsequently, the appliances were immediately repositioned and then the test side was brushed for 20 seconds. At the end of the 72-hour period, the stents were removed and prepared for microbiological analysis. RESULTS: Both machined and plasma sprayed brushed surfaces presented statistically significant fewer bacteria than non-brushed surfaces. Similarly, regarding surface roughness, machined surfaces presented a total number of bacteria significantly smaller than those presented by plasma sprayed surfaces (P < 0.05). Statistically, the non-brushed machined turned surfaces presented a greater amount of Streptoccocus sp. when compared to the brushed machined surfaces. It was concluded that rough surfaces accumulated more dental plaque than polished surfaces. Both brushed surfaces presented less plaque accumulation, however, implant brushing was more effective on machined surfaces.

title: Early dental plaque formation on toothbrushed XXXX implant surfaces.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: @entity10993 , a central mediator of hemostasis and @entity715 , converts fibrinogen to fibrin and is a potent platelet activator. Activated platelets provide a surface for assembly of the tenase and prothrombinase complexes required for @entity10993 generation. The role of @entity10993 -induced platelet activation in platelet accumulation and its interplay with fibrin deposition during @entity715 assembly has not been fully defined. We studied these processes during laser-induced @entity715 formation by using real-time digital fluorescence microscopy in @entity19 lacking @entity21784 ( @entity21784 ), which is necessary for @entity10993 responsiveness in @entity19 platelets. Juxtamural platelet accumulation immediately after laser injury was not different in wild-type and @entity21784 (-/-) @entity19 . However, subsequent growth of platelet thrombi was markedly diminished in @entity21784 (-/-) @entity19 . At the time of maximal @entity715 size in wild type, platelet accumulation was more than 10-fold higher in wild type than in @entity21784 (-/-) @entity19 . P-selectin expression, a marker of platelet activation, was reduced and delayed in @entity21784 (-/-) thrombi. In contrast to platelet activation and accumulation, the rate and amount of fibrin deposition, predominantly intramural and juxtamural in this model, were indistinguishable in @entity21784 (-/-) and wild-type @entity19 . These results suggest that platelet activation by @entity10993 is necessary for normal propagation of a @entity1423 at a distance from the injured vessel wall and hence for normal @entity715 growth. However, platelet activation by @entity10993 is unnecessary for initial and limited accumulation of platelets at or near the vessel wall, and this limited accumulation of platelets and/or platelet-independent mechanism(s) of @entity10993 generation are sufficient for normal fibrin deposition in this model.

title: @entity21784 is required for XXXX propagation but not fibrin generation in a @entity19 model of @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet thrombus']

entities_list: @entity21784 :: ('14065(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Par4', 'protease-activated receptor-4']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet thrombus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) have a reduced life expectancy and high @entity65 and mortality as compared to the general population. A number of possible factors for the atherogenesis in this disease have been described, such as @entity1255 , altered serum levels of selected lipoproteins and treatment. Recent findings indicate that the systemic @entity32 may contribute to the development of @entity731 and confer an additional risk for @entity65 among @entity1 with @entity309 . The aim of our study was to evaluate the ability of high resolution Bmode ultrasound and color Doppler to assess the existence of subclinical @entity731 in @entity309 @entity1 , measuring the @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and resistance index of the common carotid arteries. METHODS: Carotid @entity121 and carotid plaque were measured using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound in 40 @entity1 with @entity309 and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy @entity1 . We used color Doppler ultrasound to assess vascular damage of the common carotid arteries and the resistance index (RI) was determined by analysis of the spectral waveforms. Serum total @entity165 , @entity1674 -density lipoprotein @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , rheumatoid factor, body mass index (BMI), visual analogue scale (VAS) were determined in @entity1 and controls. @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and the DAS28 were used to measure systemic @entity32 . RESULTS: Common carotid @entity121 were significantly higher (p=0.0009) in @entity309 @entity1 (0.83 +/- 0.23) compared with controls (0.66 +/- 0.22). In @entity309 @entity1 common carotid @entity121 was significantly correlated with serum total @entity165 (p=0.0008), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (p=0.006), @entity1674 (p=0.042), age (p=0.031) and disease duration (p=0.019). No significant correlation was found with clinical and laboratory parameters reflecting disease activity. The prevalence of plaques was higher in @entity309 @entity1 compared with controls (25% vs 12.5%). There was no significant difference in color Doppler findings, and in particular in RI, between @entity1 and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm an accelerated @entity731 , as shown by increased common carotid @entity121 , in @entity1 with @entity309 compared with controls and it is related mainly to lipid levels. High-resolution B-mode ultrasound may be considered a promising, sensitive and non invasive tool for assessing the existence of subclinical @entity731 in @entity309 @entity1 .

title: [ @entity731 in @entity309 : the role of high-resolution B mode ultrasound in the measurement of the arterial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['intima-media thickness']


abstract: Enzymatic transglycosylation of @entity1132 into oligosaccharides was studied using wild-type beta-glucosidase (CelB) and active site mutants thereof ( @entity42691 , @entity42692 , @entity42691 / @entity42692 ) and wild-type beta-mannosidase (BmnA) of the hyperthermophilic @entity2557 furiosus. The effects of the mutations on kinetics, enzyme activity, and substrate specificity were determined. The oligosaccharide synthesis was carried out in aqueous solution at 95 degrees C at different @entity1132 concentrations and pH values. The results showed enhanced synthetic properties of the CelB mutant enzymes. An exchange of one @entity815 to @entity669 ( @entity42692 ) increased the oligosaccharide yield (45%) compared with the wild-type CelB (40%). Incorporation of a positively charged group in the active site ( @entity42691 ) increased the pH optimum of transglycosylation reaction of CelB. The double mutant, @entity42691 / @entity42692 , showed much better transglycosylation properties at low (10-20%) @entity1132 concentrations compared to the wild-type. At a @entity1132 concentration of 10%, the oligosaccharide yield for the mutant was 40% compared to 18% for the wild-type. At optimal reaction conditions, a higher ratio of @entity42693 to @entity42694 was obtained with the double mutant (0.42, 10% @entity1132 ) compared to the wild-type (0.19, 70% @entity1132 ). At a @entity1132 concentration as low as 10%, only trisaccharides were synthesized by CelB wild-type. The beta-mannosidase BmnA from @entity2557 showed both @entity7791 activity and in the transglycosylation of @entity1132 the maximal oligosaccharide yield of BmnA was 44%. The oligosaccharide yields obtained in this study are high compared to those reported with other transglycosylating beta-glycosidases in oligosaccharide synthesis from @entity1132 .

title: Improved oligosaccharide synthesis by protein engineering of beta-glucosidase CelB from hyperthermophilic XXXX furiosus.

entities_list: @entity42694 :: ('MESH:D014312', 'Chemical') :: ['trisaccharides']

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity42693 :: ('CHEBI:50126', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrasaccharides']

entities_list: @entity2557 :: ('2261', 'Species') :: ['P. furiosus', 'Pyrococcus']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2557 :: (2261,Species) :: ['Pyrococcus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the pathological process of Notch signaling in the osteogenesis of ligamentum flavum tissues and cells, and the associated regulatory mechanisms. Notch receptors, ligands, and target genes were identified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in ligamentum flavum cells and immunohistochemistry in ligamentum flavum sections from ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) @entity1 and controls. The temporospatial expression patterns of @entity127 / @entity126 / @entity1135 in @entity1 ligamentum flavum cells during osteogenic differentiation were determined by qPCR. Lentiviral vectors for @entity126 overexpression and knockdown were constructed and transfected into ligamentum flavum cells before osteogenic differentiation to examine the function of Notch signaling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of ligamentum flavum cells. Alkaline phosphatase, @entity8087 , @entity8088 , @entity12502 , and @entity1096 mRNA levels, alkaline phosphatase activity, and @entity622 staining were used as indicators of osteogenic differentiation. @entity127 / @entity126 / @entity1135 mRNA levels were up-regulated in ligamentum flavum cells from OLF @entity1 , which increased during osteogenic differentiation. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested positive @entity126 expression at the ossification front. Down-regulation of @entity126 expression decelerated osteogenic differentiation of ligamentum flavum cells, and @entity126 overexpression promoted osteogenic differentiation of ligamentum flavum cells. Expression of @entity8087 and @entity8088 increased in a manner similar to that of @entity126 during osteogenic differentiation of ligamentum flavum cells, and @entity126 knockdown and overexpression influenced their expression levels. Notch signaling plays an important role in OLF, and Notch may affect the osteogenic differentiation of ligamentum flavum cells via interactions with @entity8087 and @entity8088 .   2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1481-1491, 2016.

title: Notch signaling pathways in XXXX thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['Alizarin Red']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We report the first application of polarized fluorescence depletion (PFD), a technique which combines the sensitivity of fluorescence detection with the long lifetimes of triplet probes, to the measurement of membrane protein rotational diffusion on individually selected, intact @entity1 cells. We have examined the rotation of type I Fc epsilon receptors (Fc epsilon RI) on @entity35 mucosal mast cells of the RBL-2H3 line in their resting monomeric and differently oligomerized states using as probes IgE and three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; H10, J17, and F4) specific for the Fc epsilon RI. PFD experiments using eosin (EITC)-IgE show that individual Fc epsilon RI on cells have a @entity717 ( @entity717 ) at 4 degrees C of 79 +/- 4 microseconds. Similarly, Fc epsilon RI-bound EITC-Fab fragments of the J17 Fc epsilon RI-specific mAb exhibit an @entity717 of 76 +/- 6 microseconds. These values agree with previous measurements of Fc epsilon RI-bound IgE rotation by time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy methods. Receptor-bound @entity37285 -conjugated divalent J17 antibody exhibits an increased @entity717 of 140 +/- 6 microseconds. This is consistent with the ability of this mAb to form substantial amounts of Fc epsilon RI dimers on these cell surfaces. The ratio of limiting to initial anisotropy in these experiments remains constant at about 0.5 from 5 degrees C through 25 degrees C for IgE, Fab, and intact mAb receptor ligands. Extensive cross-linking by second antibody of cell-bound IgE, of intact Fc epsilon RI-specific mAbs or of their Fab fragments, however, produced large fixed anisotropies demonstrating, under these conditions, receptor immobilization in large aggregates. PFD using the mAbs H10 and F4 as receptor probes yielded values for triplet lifetimes, @entity717 values, and anisotropy parameters essentially indistinguishable from those obtained with the mAb J17 clone. Possible explanations for these observations are discussed.

title: Rotational dynamics of type I Fc epsilon receptors on individually-selected XXXX mast cells studied by polarized fluorescence depletion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotational correlation time', 'RCT']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively estimate the accuracy of sonoelastography in the differentiation of benign and metastatic cervical lymph nodes (LNs) in @entity1 suspected of having thyroid or @entity5 , with histologic nodal findings as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study protocol was approved by the hospital review board; each @entity1 gave written informed consent. One hundred forty-one peripheral neck LNs (60 metastatic, 81 @entity3 free) in 43 consecutive @entity1 (22 @entity1 , 21 @entity1 ; mean age, 58 years +/- 13 [standard deviation]) were examined. @entity1 referred for surgical treatment of suspected thyroid or @entity5 were examined with gray-scale ultrasonography (US), power Doppler US, and sonoelastography. At gray-scale and power Doppler US, the following LN characteristics were evaluated: short-axis diameter, short-to-long-axis diameter ratio, echogenicity, calcifications, and vascularity. A four-point rating scale was used to evaluate the US elastograms for LN visibility, relative brightness, margin regularity, and margin definition. In addition, strains of LN and surrounding neck muscles were measured on elastograms, and the muscle-to-LN strain ratio--that is, the strain index-was calculated. The diagnostic potential of the examined criteria for metastatic involvement was evaluated with univariate analysis and multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression. P < .05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: A strain index greater than 1.5 had high utility in metastatic LN classification, with 98% specificity, 85% sensitivity, and 92% overall accuracy. These results were significantly better than those obtained by using the best gray-scale criterion--that is, a short-to-long-axis diameter ratio greater than 0.5-which had 81% specificity, 75% sensitivity, and 79% overall accuracy. CONCLUSION: Sonoelastography had high accuracy (92%) in the differentiation of benign and metastatic cervical LNs in @entity1 suspected of having thyroid or @entity5 .

title: Cervical lymph node XXXX : diagnosis at sonoelastography--initial experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: PURPOSE: A sneeze reflex may occur after @entity1875 sedation and during periocular injections. Unexpected movement from sneezing can result in @entity130 to the globe or optic nerve, or @entity1410 . We investigate the efficacy of concomitant @entity3575 or @entity680 in reducing sneezing following @entity1875 and during periocular injections. METHODS: Our prospective, randomized study included 81 adult @entity1 undergoing conscious sedation prior to periocular injection of local anesthesia. All @entity1 received @entity1875 and were randomized to @entity1875 only (25 @entity1 ), @entity1875 plus @entity1363 (14 @entity1 ), @entity1875 plus opioid (31 @entity1 ), @entity1875 plus @entity1363 and opioid (11 @entity1 ). Periocular injection of local anesthetic was given in the usual manner. The main outcome measure was sneezing. @entity1 were also assessed for cardiorespiratory parameters, @entity1337 , and adverse side effects of sedatives. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 who received no opioid, 17 of 39 (43.6%) sneezed. Of the @entity1 who received an opioid, 0 of 42 sneezed (p < 0.0001 by Fisher exact two-tailed test). Among subjects receiving no opioids, @entity1363 was associated with a higher incidence of the sneeze reflex, but this was not quite statistically significant (p = 0.09). No adverse cardiorespiratory events were noted and @entity1337 was universally adequate. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3575 or @entity680 suppressed sneezing after @entity1875 sedation and eyelid anesthetic injection. These medications may prevent @entity130 .

title: Efficacy of XXXX or @entity680 in suppressing reflex sneezing after @entity1875 sedation and periocular injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['needle injury']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: PURPOSE: The development of @entity5 as they age remains understudied. We characterized endocrine outcomes in aging survivors from the @entity5 Survivor Study on the basis of therapeutic exposures. @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed self-reported conditions in 14,290 5-year survivors from the @entity5 Survivor Study, with a median age 6 years (range, < 1 to 20 years) at diagnosis and 32 years (range, 5 to 58 years) at last follow-up. Identification of high-risk therapeutic exposures was adopted from the @entity1 's Oncology Group Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines. Cumulative incidence curves and prevalence estimates quantified and regression models compared risks of @entity1375 , @entity1378 , @entity259 , @entity4614 , @entity28 , @entity6 , or @entity10844 between survivors and siblings. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence and prevalence of endocrine abnormalities increased across the lifespan of survivors (P < .01 for all). Risk was significantly higher in survivors exposed to high-risk therapies compared with survivors not so exposed for @entity1375 (hazard ratio [HR], 6.6; 95% CI, 5.6 to 7.8), @entity1378 (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.8), thyroid nodules (HR, 6.3; 95% CI, 5.2 to 7.5), @entity259 (HR, 9.2; 95% CI, 6.2 to 13.7), @entity2338 (HR, 5.3; 95% CI, 4.3 to 6.4), @entity28 (relative risk, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.7 to 2.0), and @entity6 (relative risk, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 2.4). @entity1 exposed to high-risk therapies had six-fold increased risk for premature @entity11157 (P < .001), and @entity1 demonstrated higher prevalence of @entity251 replacement (P < .001) after @entity786 equivalent dose of 20 g/m(2) or greater or testicular irradiation with 20 Gy or greater. Survivors demonstrated an increased risk for all @entity1374 and @entity6 regardless of treatment exposures compared with siblings (P < .001 for all). CONCLUSION: Endocrinopathies in survivors increased substantially over time, underscoring the need for lifelong subspecialty follow-up of those at risk.

title: Endocrine Abnormalities in Aging Survivors of @entity5 : A Report From the XXXX Survivor Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Children', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['growth hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity10844 :: ('MESH:D006058', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood Cancer', 'endocrinopathies in survivors of childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'thyroid neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Childhood Cancer']


abstract: @entity558 is a rare disease characterized by precocious puberty associated with @entity1162 and multicystic enlarged ovaries. A 9-year-old @entity1 with Down syndrome visited our hospital for early menarche. At birth, she showed @entity1375 [11.8  g/dL of @entity1955 (T4) and 6.05  IU/mL of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)], but she had not been followed up in our clinic. On physical examination, pubertal Tanner stage was breast II and pubic hair I. Laboratory findings were as follows: 0.30 ng/dL of free T4, 81.30  IU/mL of TSH, 0.1 IU/L of luteinizing hormone, and 6.35 IU/L of follicle-stimulating hormone. Her bone age was 6 years. Her pelvic sonogram revealed @entity45 in both enlarged ovaries. She was diagnosed with @entity558 . @entity1955 treatment at a dose of 50 mg/m2/day was started. Regression of breast development was obtained after 2 months, and her @entity3556 did not recur.

title: Unusual presentations of a @entity1 with Down syndrome: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'Levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cysts']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity558 :: (MESH:C536528,Disease) :: ['Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recommendations for @entity14 screening are based solely on age and family history of @entity5 , not sex. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the data from a large colonoscopy-based screening program that included 50,148 @entity1 who were 40 to 66 years of age. @entity1 40 to 49 years of age were eligible only if they had a family history of @entity5 of any type. Of the 43,042 @entity1 50 to 66 years of age, 13.3% reported a family history of @entity14 , as did 66.3% of the 7106 @entity1 who were 40 to 49 years of age. We defined advanced @entity5 as @entity5 or @entity652 that was at least 10 mm in diameter, had high-grade @entity1141 , or had villous or tubulovillous histologic characteristics, or any combination thereof. We used multivariate logistic regression to identify associations between @entity1 ' characteristics and advanced @entity5 in a primary (or derivation) data set, and we confirmed the associations in a secondary (or validation) data set. RESULTS: Advanced @entity5 was detected in 2553 (5.9%) @entity1 50 to 66 years of age and in 243 (3.4%) @entity1 40 to 49 years of age. The rate of complications during colonoscopy was 0.1%, and no @entity1 died. In the validation set, a logistic-regression model showed that male sex was independently associated with advanced @entity5 (adjusted odds ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.52 to 1.98; P<0.001). In each age group (40 to 49 years, 50 to 54 years, 55 to 59 years, and 60 to 66 years), the number of @entity1 who would have to undergo @entity14 screening in order to detect one advanced @entity5 was significantly lower in @entity1 than in @entity1 (23 vs. 36, 17 vs. 28, 12 vs. 22, and 10 vs. 18, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We detected advanced @entity5 at a significantly higher rate in @entity1 than in @entity1 , which may warrant refinement of the screening recommendations for @entity14 .

title: Colonoscopy in XXXX screening for detection of advanced @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'persons', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal-cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal-cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine modifiable risk factors and incidence of @entity130 ( @entity12522 ) in primiparous @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study, using data from the Danish Medical Birth Registry. The population consisted of primiparous @entity1 with a vaginal delivery in the time period 2000-2010. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors of @entity12522 . Main outcome measures were incidence of @entity12522 in first vaginal delivery, odds ratios for possible risk factors: age, body mass index, birthweight, head circumference, gestational age, presentation, induction of labor, @entity398 augmentation, epidural, mediolateral episiotomy, vacuum extraction, forceps, @entity1266 , and year of delivery. RESULTS: Of 214,256 primiparous @entity1 with a vaginal delivery, 13,907 (6.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.4-6.6%) experienced an @entity12522 . The incidence of @entity12522 increased in the time period (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.02; 95% CI, 1.02-1.03; P < .0001, per year). We found a protective effect of epidural analgesia (aOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.81-0.88; P  = .0001). Vacuum extraction without episiotomy was a significant risk factor of @entity12522 (aOR, 2.99; 95% CI, 2.86-3.12; P < .0001), and episiotomy was protective in vacuum-assisted deliveries compared with vacuum-assisted deliveries without episiotomy (aOR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.56-0.65; P < .0001). Birthweight was found to be an important nonmodifiable risk factor (aOR, 2.76; 95% CI, 2.62-2.90; P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Epidural analgesia in itself was protective against @entity12522 . Vacuum extraction increased the risk of @entity12522 , although mediolateral episiotomy was protective when applied in deliveries assisted by vacuum extraction.

title: Modifiable risk factors of @entity130 in primiparous XXXX : a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1266 :: ('MESH:D004420', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dystocia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric anal sphincter injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with and without @entity739 , this study determined brain volumes and cell densities in @entity302 surgery @entity1 with @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) and @entity6795 with balloon cells ( @entity1050 ). METHODS: We compared @entity2916 (n = 18) and @entity1050 (n = 17) @entity1 with normal/autopsy controls (n = 20) for MRI gray and white matter volumes and @entity10946 ( @entity10946 ) cell densities. RESULTS: In @entity1 without a history of @entity739 , @entity2916 cases showed decreased gray and white matter volumes (-16%). In cases with a history of @entity739 , both @entity1050 (-25%) and @entity2916 (-35%) @entity1 showed microencephaly. This was confirmed in monozygotic twins with @entity2916 , where the twin with a history of @entity2473 had cerebral volumes less (-16%) than the twin without a history of @entity410 . Regardless of @entity410 history, @entity2916 @entity1 showed decreased @entity10946 cell densities in lower gray matter (-36%), whereas @entity1050 @entity1 had increased densities in upper cortical (+52%) and white matter regions (+65%). For @entity2916 @entity1 , decreased lower gray matter @entity10946 densities correlated with reduced MRI volumes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity2916 without @entity2473 showed microencephaly associated with decreased cortical neuronal densities. In contrast, @entity6795 @entity1 without @entity2473 were normocephalic with increased cell densities. This supports the concept that @entity2916 and @entity6795 have different pathogenetic mechanisms despite similarities in @entity302 and postnatal histopathology. Furthermore, a history of @entity739 was associated with reduced cerebral volumes in both @entity6795 and @entity2916 @entity1 , suggesting that @entity2473 or their treatment may contribute to microencephaly independent of etiology.

title: Infantile @entity2473 -associated microencephaly in @entity2916 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis', 'tuberous sclerosis complex', 'TSC']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity6795 :: (MESH:D054220,Disease) :: ['cortical dysplasia']


abstract: It has been postulated that @entity281 , inflammatory processes and resulting cytokines may be causative @entity74 , including @entity308 and @entity148 . Support for this possibility has been sought in studies of animal behavior following administration of @entity5003 ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, such treatments induce a variety of behavioral responses, collectively known as sickness behavior, some of which could affect the performance in tests used to assess @entity148 and @entity308 . Thus the effects of peripheral administration of @entity635 and LPS on the behavior of @entity19 were studied in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and the open field (OF). @entity19 @entity635 (30, 100, 300, and 1000 ng) was injected intraperitoneally 30 or 60 min, and LPS (0.5, 1 and 5 microg) 120 min before the tests. @entity635 and LPS induced dose-dependent decreases in open arm entries and the time spent on the open arms in the EPM, effects considered to reflect @entity148 -like behavior. However, entries to all arms were also reduced in a dose-dependent manner, indicating a decrease in general activity. In the OF, @entity635 and LPS decreased the number of line crossings in the center of the field, that can also be considered to reflect @entity148 -like behavior. However, this effect was accompanied by a similar decrease in line crossings in the periphery, as well as in rears and climbs. Thus the doses of @entity635 and LPS necessary to induce these effects also decreased locomotor activity in the EPM and OF. Therefore, the behavioral responses induced by @entity635 and LPS in the EPM and the OF considered to reflect @entity148 must be interpreted in the light of this reduction in overall activity. Thus the results do not provide unequivocal support for the suggestion that LPS or IL-1 mediate @entity148 . Nevertheless, because @entity281 , endotoxins, and the ensuing cytokines cause alterations in CNS @entity1063 and @entity750 , they may contribute to emotionality, and perhaps to @entity148 .

title: Effects of XXXX and lipopolysaccharide on behavior of @entity19 in the elevated plus-maze and open field tests.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['factors in emotional disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity635 :: (16176(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-1beta']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate endoluminal ultrasound applicator configurations for volumetric thermal ablation and @entity221 of @entity5 using 3D acoustic and biothermal finite element models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Parametric studies compared endoluminal heating performance for varying applicator transducer configurations (planar, curvilinear-focused, or radial-diverging), frequencies (1-5 MHz), and anatomical conditions. @entity1 -specific @entity788 models were used to evaluate feasibility of generating @entity221 and thermal ablation using an applicator positioned in the duodenal or stomach lumen. Temperature and thermal dose were calculated to define ablation (>   240 EM(43     C)) and moderate @entity221 (40-45     C) boundaries, and to assess sparing of sensitive tissues. Proportional-integral control was incorporated to regulate maximum temperature to 70-80     C for ablation and 45     C for @entity221 in target regions. RESULTS: Parametric studies indicated that 1-3 MHz planar transducers are the most suitable for volumetric ablation, producing 5-8   cm(3) lesion volumes for a stationary 5-min sonication. Curvilinear-focused geometries produce more localised ablation to 20-45   mm depth from the GI tract and enhance thermal sparing (T(max)   <   42     C) of the luminal wall. @entity1 anatomy simulations show feasibility in ablating 60.1-92.9% of head/body @entity5 volumes (4.3-37.2   cm(3)) with dose   <   15 EM(43     C) in the luminal wall for 18-48 min treatment durations, using 1-3 applicator placements in GI lumen. For @entity221 , planar and radial-diverging transducers could maintain up to 8   cm(3) and 15   cm(3) of tissue, respectively, between 40-45     C for a single applicator placement. CONCLUSIONS: Modelling studies indicate the feasibility of endoluminal ultrasound for volumetric thermal ablation or @entity221 treatment of @entity5 tissue.

title: Thermal therapy of XXXX using endoluminal ultrasound: Parametric and @entity1 -specific modelling.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumour', 'pancreatic tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head and body tumour']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary surgery is the appropriate treatment for most @entity5123 of the salivary glands. However, no reliable criteria have been established to predict @entity5 with aggressive features. METHODS: In 44 @entity1 treated for salivary @entity5123 , clinicopathologic features and flow cytometric findings were recorded. S-phase fractions were classified as low (0%-1%), intermediate (1.1%-5%), and high (>5%). The relationship between clinicopathologic parameters and flow cytometric DNA analysis was assessed with the Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean @entity5 size was 24.4 mm. Microscopically, myxoid structures predominated in 61.4% of cases. Only five specimens showed high S-phase fractions. All samples were DNA diploid (mean coefficient of variation 3.2%). S-phase fraction and @entity5 size correlated significantly (r = 0.73, P = 0.003). Two @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 had high S-phase fractions both on the first resected specimens and at the time of the second operation. CONCLUSIONS: The S-phase fraction may be a valuable predictor of @entity146 in salivary @entity5123 . High S-phase fractions were associated with higher @entity5 size and a greater tendency to recur.

title: XXXX of the salivary glands: prospective clinicopathologic and flow cytometric study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenomas', 'pleomorphic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

answer: @entity5123 :: (MESH:D008949,Disease) :: ['Pleomorphic adenoma']