abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate mechanisms underlying commonly-observed verbal @entity2414 in @entity161 , and especially the hypothesized encoding deficit. METHODS: A verbal memory task was administered to 38 @entity1 with @entity161 and 38 normal controls. Three functions involved in long-term memory-encoding, early phase of storage, retrieval-were investigated. First, non-organizable lists were compared to semantically-organizable lists in a free recall task, in order to vary encoding conditions. Superficial encoding (measured by a 'sequence' index) and deep encoding (measured by a categorization index) were assessed. Secondly, early storage was investigated by varying the delay between learning and recall. Lastly, cues were provided for organizable lists (semantic cues) and non-organizable lists (recognition sheet), in order to vary retrieval conditions. RESULTS: An analysis of variance revealed an interaction between type of list (organizable, non-organizable) and group, showing that @entity1 used organization less than controls. A further analysis showed that deep encoding was impaired. Also, although the propensity to use superficial encoding was unimpaired, its efficiency was less. The analysis of variance revealed no interaction with delay or with either type of cue. A correlation was found between deep processing and memory performance in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: A major deficit in encoding appeared in the @entity1 group, with a lesser use of deep encoding and a lesser efficiency of superficial encoding. On the other hand, the early phase of storage and the retrieval function seemed unaffected. Overall memory performance appeared to be related to the depth of encoding.

title: Mechanisms underlying @entity2414 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairments']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity627 are frequently associated with @entity401 . Since interstitial @entity82 is an irreversible process, understanding the mechanisms leading to @entity82 is necessary for the development of treatment strategies to prevent irreversible @entity358 . @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) is superior to chest radiography in assessing the presence and extent of @entity66 in @entity358 and provides a sensitive and noninvasive method of quantifying global disease extent. PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to quantify the severity and extent of subclinical @entity401 as depicted on @entity2101 and to study the relationship between the patterns of @entity358 quantified by @entity2101 and the functional parameters and bronchoalveolar lavage findings in @entity1 with @entity627 . @entity1 : Eighty nonsmoking @entity1 (24 @entity1 with @entity785 , 24 with primary Sj  gren's syndrome, 20 with @entity309 and 7 with @entity6017 ) were examined. No @entity1 had any signs or symptoms of @entity358 . RESULTS: Thirty-three of 80 @entity1 (41.2%) had abnormal @entity2101 findings, namely isolated @entity9009 , irregular pleural margins and ground-glass appearance. Chest X-ray showed @entity66 in only 15 @entity1 (18.7%) who had evidence of @entity82 on @entity2101 . Abnormal differential cell counts ( @entity3794 ) at bronchoalveolar lavage were found in 46 of 80 @entity1 (57.5%). Three types of @entity3794 were observed: pure lymphocyte @entity3794 , pure @entity3794 , and @entity3794 associated with @entity6113 ( @entity3794 ). The @entity1 with @entity3794 had more extensive disease on @entity2101 than those with lymphocyte @entity3794 or with normal cellular patterns at bronchoalveolar lavage. The extent of a reticular pattern on @entity2101 correlated with the neutrophil rate (p = 0.001) and total count (p = 0.003) on bronchoalveolar lavage. Eosinophil and lymphocyte rate and total count correlated (p < 0.05) with the extent of the ground-glass pattern on @entity2101 . Lung volumes were not significantly different among @entity1 with ground-glass pattern and those with reticular patterns on @entity2101 , while the diffusing capacity for @entity1223 was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the latter. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2101 is a sensitive tool in detecting @entity401 in @entity1 with @entity627 with no signs and symptoms of @entity358 . The relationship between the different @entity2101 patterns and bronchoalveolar lavage cell profiles can identify @entity1 at higher risk of developing irreversible @entity82 . A long-term, prospective follow-up study is needed to determine whether these @entity1 will develop over @entity358 .

title: [Subclinical interstitial lung involvement in XXXX . Correlation of high resolution computerized tomography and functional and cytologic findings].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases', 'Rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatopolymyositis']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['septal/subpleural lines']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['alveolitis', 'neutrophil alveolitis', 'mixed alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'diffuse infiltrative lung diseases', 'pulmonary disease', 'pulmonary involvement', 'pulmonary damage']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['High-resolution Computed Tomography', 'HRCT']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: @entity3405 resistance in mycobacteria results from an interplay between the following: (i) beta-lactamase production, (ii) affinity of the @entity114 -binding proteins (PBPs) for the drugs, and (iii) permeation of the drugs. A laboratory mutant of @entity7666 was studied in order to evaluate the roles of these factors in @entity3405 resistance. Mutant M13 was between 7- and 78-fold more resistant than the wild type to @entity8899 , @entity3398 , @entity7048 , @entity5503 , and @entity5821 . Increased beta-lactamase activity toward these antibiotics was not observed in the mutant. The PBP profiles of the wild type and M13 were comparable. However, the affinities of PBP 1 for the @entity7660 tested were lower for the mutant than for the wild type. The permeation of the drugs measured in intact cells was lower for M13 than for the parent strain. The liposome swelling technique, which could be used for @entity8899 , also supported this view. Reduced permeation was not restricted to the @entity7660 alone. @entity2228 uptake was also lower in M13. Taken together, the results suggest that decreased affinities of PBP 1 for @entity7660 , combined with the decreased permeability of the cell wall of the mutant, lead to the development of high-level acquired @entity3405 resistance.

title: Altered permeability and XXXX resistance in a mutant of @entity7666 .

entities_list: @entity5503 :: ('MESH:D002435', 'Chemical') :: ['cefamandole']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycine']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam', 'Beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity8899 :: ('MESH:D002509', 'Chemical') :: ['cephaloridine']

entities_list: @entity7666 :: ('1772', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium smegmatis']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

answer: @entity3405 :: (CHEBI:35627,Chemical) :: ['beta-lactam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Remission is a common outcome of short-term trials and the main goal of acute and longterm treatment. The longitudinal stability of remission has rarely been investigated under naturalistic treatment conditions. METHODS: Naturalistic multisite follow-up study. Three-year symptomatic long-term outcome of initially hospitalized tertiary care @entity1 (N   =   784) with major @entity308 episodes. Remission rates as well as the switch rates between remission and non-remission were reported. RESULTS: After one, two and three years 62  %, 59  % and 69  % of the observed @entity1 met criteria for remission. During the follow-up 88  % of all @entity1 achieved remission. 36  % of maintained remission from discharge to 3-years, 12  % of all @entity1 never reached remission and 52  % percent showed a fluctuating course switching from remission to non-remission and vice versa. There was considerable transition between remission and non-remission. For example, from discharge to 1  year, from 1 to 2, and from 2 to 3  years 25  %, 21  % and 11  % lost remission. CONCLUSION: Cumulative outcome rates are encouraging. Absolute rates at predefined endpoints as well as the fluctuations between these outcomes reflect the variable and chronic nature of major @entity308 .

title: Stability of remission rates in a 3-year follow-up of naturalistic treated XXXX inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: The purpose of this article is to review our experience with 5-year clinical follow-up after cryosurgical ablation of @entity703 . A retrospective review of a de-identified database was undertaken to retrieve information on @entity1 with > or = 36 months' follow-up. @entity1 demographics, @entity5 characteristics, radiologic follow-up, and disease-free and overall survival data were evaluated. A total of 48 @entity1 , with a median follow-up of 64 months (range, 36-110 months) and an overall survival rate of 89.5% were identified. Median lesion size was 2.6 cm (range, 1.1-4.6 cm). A total of 12.5% @entity1 were diagnosed with persistent disease during the follow-up period. The @entity5 -specific survival rate was 100%, and the @entity5 -free survival rate after a single cryoablation procedure was 87.5%. This improved to 97.5% after a repeat procedure. No major complications were observed. Our data suggest that cryosurgical ablation of @entity703 can lead to acceptable long-term disease-free survival. Careful radiologic follow-up strategies are crucial in monitoring treatment success and identifying those who may require a secondary salvage procedure.

title: Long-term results of cryoablation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal neoplasms']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal cancer and complex renal masses']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether students who are old-for-grade have higher rates of reported @entity146 and to investigate whether this association is independent of having been retained a grade in school. METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses of parental reports from the nationally representative sample of 9079 @entity1 ages 7 to 17 years who participated in the @entity1 Health Supplement to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey. Students older than the modal age for their grade were considered old-for-grade, either due to delayed school entry (those without grade retention) or to delayed school progress (with history of grade retention). @entity146 were defined as scores >90th percentile on a well-utilized, standardized Behavior Problem Index (BPI). RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of 7- to 17-year-old @entity1 in the United States are old-for-grade. Being old-for-grade is more common in males (31%), blacks (33%), Hispanics (32%), those living in single-parent households (31%) or poverty (43%), and those with mothers with low educational attainment (42%). Most @entity1 (84%) who repeated a grade are old-for-grade, but only 54% of old-for-grade students have been retained. For @entity1 who were old-for-grade, 19% of those grade-retained and 12% of those nonretained had extreme BPI scores, and for those not old-for-grade, 17% of grade-retained and 7% of nonretained @entity1 had extreme BPI scores. Although rates of extreme BPI scores were consistently lower for @entity1 who were neither old-for-grade nor grade-retained, and consistently higher for those with both, these rates increased with age for @entity1 who were old-for-grade without being retained. Controlling for multiple potential confounders with logistic regression, both old-for-grade status and grade retention are independently associated with increased rates of @entity146 . Separate logistic regression analyses for blacks and whites showed that these findings pertained only to white @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Whereas grade retention is associated with increased rates of @entity146 in @entity1 and adolescents, simply being older than others in one's class, without having experienced grade retention, is also associated with increased rates of @entity146 , most noticeably among adolescents. These data suggest that there may be latent adverse behavioral outcomes that result from delaying @entity1 's school entry.

title: Increased XXXX associated with delayed school entry and delayed school progress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Behavior problems', 'behavior problems']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['behavior problems']


abstract: AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Moderate elevation of @entity413 level has been shown to effectively promote b-cell replication in various models in vitro and in normal rodents. Here, we aimed to test the effect of moderately elevated @entity413 on b-cell mass expansion and islet function recovery in @entity6 animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single high dose of @entity3839 was given to induce @entity2690 -deficient @entity6 in adult male @entity35 . Then, 48 h after @entity3839 injection, newly @entity6 @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups: (i) no treatment to maintain @entity4854 ; (ii) daily exogenous long-acting @entity1 @entity2690 analog injection that maintained mild @entity4854 (15 mmol/L < blood @entity413 < 18 mmol/L); (iii) daily exogenous long-acting @entity1 @entity2690 analog injection to restore normoglycemia (blood @entity413 <8 mmol/L) as a control. Islet function, b-cell regeneration and b-cell replication were monitored during the entire analysis period. RESULTS: A single high dose of @entity3839 induced massive loss of b-cells, resulting in irreversible @entity4854 . Mild @entity4854 markedly promoted b-cell proliferation, leading to robust b-cell regeneration. Importantly, @entity35 that maintained mild @entity4854 showed nearly normal @entity413 -stimulated @entity2690 secretion, @entity413 disposal and random blood @entity413 levels, suggesting almost full restoration of the islet function. Normalization of blood @entity413 levels profoundly blunted b-cell replication, regeneration and islet function recovery observed in mild @entity4854 . CONCLUSIONS: Our research provides a feasible approach to stimulate in situ b-cell regeneration in @entity6 @entity35 , offering new perspectives for @entity6 therapy.

title: Mild @entity4854 triggered islet function recovery in @entity3839 -induced XXXX -deficient @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5202 is a chronic, immune-mediated @entity32 that responds to dietary therapy; however, data evaluating the effectiveness of dietary therapeutic strategies are limited. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effectiveness of 3 frequently prescribed dietary therapies (elemental, 6-food elimination, and skin prick and atopy patch-directed elimination diets) and assessed the remission predictability of skin tests and their utility in directing dietary planning. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of proton-pump inhibitor-unresponsive, non-glucocorticoid-treated @entity1 with @entity5202 who had 2 consecutive endoscopic biopsy specimens associated with dietary intervention was identified. Biopsy histology and remissions (<15 eosinophils/high-power field) after dietary therapy and food reintroductions were evaluated. RESULTS: Ninety-eight of 513 @entity1 met the eligibility criteria. Of these 98 @entity1 , 50% (n= 49), 27% (n= 26), and 23% (n= 23) received elemental, 6-food elimination, and directed diets, respectively. Remission occurred in 96%, 81%, and 65% of @entity1 on elemental, 6-food elimination, and directed diets, respectively. The odds of postdiet remission versus nonremission were 5.6-fold higher (P= .05) on elemental versus 6-food elimination diets and 12.5-fold higher (P= .003) on elemental versus directed diets and were not significantly different (P= .22) on 6-food elimination versus directed diets. After 116 single-food reintroductions, the negative predictive value of skin testing for remission was 40% to 67% (milk, 40%; egg, 56%; soy, 64%; and @entity3505 , 67%). CONCLUSION: @entity5953 dietary therapies are effective; however, an elemental diet is superior at inducing histologic remission compared with 6-food elimination and skin test-directed diets. Notably, an empiric 6-food elimination diet is as effective as a skin test-directed diet. The negative predictive values of foods most commonly reintroduced in single-food challenges are not sufficient to support the development of dietary advancement plans solely based on skin test results.

title: Comparative dietary therapy effectiveness in remission of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'eosinophilic esophagitis']

answer: @entity5202 :: (MESH:D057765,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']


abstract: The allergens of domestic pets such as @entity468 , @entity235 and birds, have been known to sensitive predisposed individuals. In Singapore, approximately 25% to 35% of our @entity1097 populations are sensitised to cat, @entity235 or bird feather allergens. It is not known, however, if the presence of such domestic pets would translate to higher rates of sensitisation, or more importantly, give rise to increased respiratory symptoms. This study evaluated the association between the presence of domestic pets at home and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among @entity748 @entity1 in Singapore. The parents of 1517 doctor-diagnosed @entity748 @entity1 were interviewed using the American Thoracic Society-Division of Lung Diseases respiratory questionnaire. More than 20% were found to have domestic pets ( @entity468 , @entity235 or birds) at home. Of these, those with exposure to passive smoke in the home were excluded. A total of 188 current pet owners ( @entity468 , @entity235 and birds) were demographically-matched for sex, race and socio-economic status (type of housing) to those without pets, past or current. Compared to those without pets, @entity748 @entity1 with pets at home had a higher prevalence of coughing with cold [relative risk (RR) 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.69]; wheezing with cold ( @entity4736 .42; CI 1.07 to 1.90), wheezing with @entity1353 ( @entity4736 .33; CI 1.00 to 1.82), exercise-induced wheezing ( @entity4736 .68; CI 1.10 to 2.56); and increased phlegm production or congestion with cold ( @entity4736 .38; CI 1.00 to 1.91). This study suggests that the presence of domestic pets increases the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in @entity748 @entity1 . Those with predisposition to these allergens should avoid having these pets in the home or take specific precautions in avoiding their allergens.

title: Presence of domestic pets and respiratory symptoms in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Humeral head replacement has been used successfully for the treatment of @entity571 for decades. The purpose of this study was to define the results of this form of treatment, the risk factors for an unsatisfactory outcome, and the rates of failure over time. METHODS: Between 1978 and 1997, sixty humeral head replacements were performed at our institution for the treatment of @entity571 . Five @entity1 (seven shoulders) died less than five years postoperatively, and one @entity1 (two shoulders) was lost to follow-up. Fifty-one humeral head replacements in forty-nine @entity1 with a complete postoperative evaluation and operative records who had been followed for a minimum of five years (mean, 11.3 years) or until revision were included in the study. All sixty shoulders were included in the survival analysis. RESULTS: Overall, there was significant long-term @entity158 relief (p<0.0001) as well as improvement in active abduction (p<0.0001), internal rotation (p<0.024), and external rotation (p<0.0001) following the humeral head replacement. However, moderate @entity158 was reported in nine shoulders and severe @entity158 , in seven. Ten of the fifty-one shoulders underwent revision surgery, which was done to treat @entity158 in nine of the ten. Radiographs were available for thirty-nine shoulders, and they demonstrated an @entity101 at a mean of 10.7 years postoperatively (p<0.0001). Five shoulders had humeral periprosthetic lucent lines of 1.5 mm in thickness, and three of them had a complete line; one humeral component had shifted in position. According to a modification of the Neer result rating system, there were ten excellent results, twenty satisfactory results, and twenty-one unsatisfactory results. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial clinical improvement can occur after humeral head replacement for @entity571 , but there is a high rate of unsatisfactory results and revision surgery. The decision as to whether this is the optimal surgical procedure for the treatment of @entity571 requires careful consideration.

title: Humeral head replacement for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in glenoid erosion']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis of the shoulder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful glenoid arthrosis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: The current study was undertaken in an effort to identify the clinical characteristics and natural history of partial moles. Three cases recently managed at Tripler Army Medical Center and 52 cases collected from the medical literature were reviewed. The mean age of the @entity1 at diagnosis was 25.6 years. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 23.8 weeks. The most common presenting symptom was @entity3556 in 69 per cent of @entity1 . Although triploidy was the most frequent karyotype (68 per cent), normal 46,XY or XX karyotypes were present, and phenotypically normal @entity1 were delivered of mothers with a coexisting @entity1475 . @entity1469 occurred in 14.5 per cent of the @entity1 . All of them achieved remission with adjuvant therapy. Partial moles are considered a less virulent form of @entity1475 . The clinical characteristics and natural history are not entirely dissimilar from the complete mole. Malignant sequelae can occur after the evacuation of a partial mole. These @entity1 should be followed with serial serum beta-HCG.

title: XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['molar pregnancy']

answer: @entity1475 :: (MESH:D006828,Disease) :: ['Partial hydatidiform moles']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The initial symptoms of childhood @entity1778 and @entity706 are often similar to those of @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). In our study, we analyzed the frequency and characteristics of musculoskeletal complaints as the initial presenting symptoms of newly diagnosed @entity1778 and @entity706 @entity1 in the past 10  years in our clinic. METHODS: Using the Hungarian Tumour Register, we performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 166 new @entity1778 and 95 @entity706 pediatric @entity1 treated from 1999 to 2009 at the 2nd. Dept. of Paediatrics of the Semmelweis University in Budapest. RESULTS: Twenty percent of the leukaemic (33 @entity1 ) and 2% of the @entity706 @entity1 (2 @entity1 ) had musculoskeletal symptoms at first presentation. Two-thirds of both groups of @entity1 had other general symptoms like @entity221 and/or fatigue. The hip was the most frequently affected joint (7/33) in the leukaemic @entity1 . Twenty-four percent of all the @entity1 had been previously evaluated by an orthopaedist; 12% had visited another rheumatologist prior to diagnosis. Imaging had been done in an unexpectedly low number of @entity1 prior to referral to our unit (radiographs: 16 or 48%, ultrasound: 5 @entity1 or 15%). Radiographs of the affected joints were abnormal in only one case (1/16, 6%). The joint ultrasound was abnormal in only three @entity1 of 5 studied (3/5, 60%). @entity417 (26/32, 6%), @entity882 (78%) and LDH elevation (3-4 times the normal count) were frequent in the leukaemic @entity1 . Half of the cases had a normal leukocyte count. The @entity706 group had similar results. Two @entity1 of the @entity1778 group received @entity134 treatment before the final diagnosis. Severe @entity158 out of proportion to physical findings is another clue. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 must be excluded before initiation of therapy for @entity625 among @entity1 presenting with musculoskeletal signs and symptoms, particularly in atypical cases. @entity5 are to be suspected when @entity158 is disproportionately severe compared to the physical examination findings, and when @entity417 , @entity882 , and an elevated LDH level are present. Diagnosing @entity1778 early is important because the use of @entity230 and immunosuppressive medications may mask and delay its diagnosis. Additionally, pre-treatment of presumed @entity4932 @entity1 with these drugs who eventually are diagnosed to have a @entity5 may lead to the @entity5 being @entity134 -resistant and more difficult to treat.

title: Rheumatic symptoms in childhood @entity1778 and XXXX -a ten-year retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'Anaemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'new lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignancies', 'Haematologic malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['childhood arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prevalence of @entity28 has been increasing in the United States. We set out to investigate the use of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapy for the treatment of @entity28 in recent years. METHODS: We included 2630 @entity1 and 2702 @entity1 who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2008. We analyzed their demographic and anthropometric data and their weight and drug history. RESULTS: A total of 45.9% of @entity1 and 45.0% of @entity1 were candidates for treatment (body mass index >= 30 kg/m(2), or >= 27 kg/m(2) with risk factors). Among these @entity1 , 85.1% considered themselves overweight, 90.1% would like to lose weight, 61.9% had dietary changes, 36.5% exercised, 3.7% took nonprescription drugs, and 2.2% took prescription drugs to control weight during the preceding year. During the preceding month, 0.5% and 0.1% of @entity1 were taking @entity21938 and @entity350 , respectively. There were no @entity1 on @entity352 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity28 is highly prevalent, only a small percentage of @entity28 Americans are on anti- @entity28 medication. The withdrawal of @entity352 would have minimal impact on the general population. There is a need for more lifestyle changes in the majority of @entity28 individuals.

title: Management of XXXX in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007-2008.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity350 :: ('MESH:C055122', 'Chemical') :: ['orlistat']

entities_list: @entity352 :: ('MESH:C058254', 'Chemical') :: ['sibutramine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity21938 :: ('MESH:D010645', 'Chemical') :: ['phentermine']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The importance of @entity2918 in @entity5 growth and progression is well recognized, including antineoplastic activities by cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. Variation in treatment response to COX inhibition has questioned differences in expression of cell surface and nuclear membrane receptors among @entity5 with different disease progression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether EP(1-4) subtype, @entity6864 receptor and @entity9859 / @entity2247 expression in @entity14 are related to @entity5 -specific mortality. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to demonstrate expression and protein appearance in @entity5 tissue compared with normal colon tissue. @entity7700 and @entity7701 subtype receptor protein was highly present in @entity5 cells, @entity7699 occurred occasionally and @entity2912 was not visible. @entity6864 , @entity7701 and @entity2912 mRNA were significantly higher in normal colon tissue compared with @entity5 tissue, without any distinct relationship to @entity5 stage. Multivariate analyses indicated that increased @entity5 tissue @entity7701 and @entity2247 expression predicted poor survival (p<0.001). @entity9859 expression was significantly higher than @entity2247 expression in normal colon tissue. Average @entity2247 mRNA was not increased in @entity5 tissue compared with normal colon. However, most @entity5 cells stained positive for @entity2247 protein, which was low or undetectable in normal mucosa cells. @entity9859 protein was preferentially visible in stroma. EP(1-4) subtype receptor mRNAs were generally positively correlated to both @entity9859 and @entity2247 in @entity5 tissue, but not in normal colon. Our results imply that both @entity3009 production ( @entity2247 ) and signaling via EP(1-4) subtype receptors, particularly @entity7701 , predict disease-specific mortality in @entity14 .

title: EP1-4 subtype, COX and XXXX receptor expression in @entity14 in prediction of disease-specific mortality.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Dukes A-D tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity6864 :: (5468,Gene) :: ['PPAR gamma']


abstract: AIM: To determine what factors influence the precision of anticoagulant control using @entity1229 by examining the computerised records of 2207 @entity1 . METHODS: Records from seven district general hospitals were combined and analysed. The precision of anticoagulant control was taken as the absolute deviation of International Normalised Ratio (INR) from target at the most recent determination. This quantity was examined using univariate and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Deviation of INR from target was continuously distributed, almost symmetrically about a mean of zero. The @entity1 ' age and sex had little bearing on control. @entity1 with a high target INR were more likely to be undertreated, and @entity1 taking higher doses of @entity1229 were more likely to be overtreated. Previous over- or undertreatment were strongly related to poorer current control. The control of treatment varied substantially among the seven hospitals. One possible cause of this variation was the dose adjustment coefficient: the greater the dose adjustment for a given deviation from target INR, the better was the control achieved. CONCLUSION: Several groups of @entity1 were identified whose control was less satisfactory and in whom anticoagulant treatment needs particular scrutiny: these include @entity1 with a record of previous over- or undertreatment, but not elderly @entity1 in general. The variation in control among hospitals is a source of concern that merits further attention to achieve better uniformity of anticoagulant treatment.

title: Factors affecting the precision of XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: No guidelines detailing recommendations for the selection and treatment of @entity1 with synchronous multiple primary @entity2 have been published. We report on a single-institution experience with synchronous multiple primary @entity2 , with emphasis on long-term survival. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 125 consecutive @entity1 with synchronous multiple primary @entity2 who underwent operation between 1985 and 2006. Various treatment strategies were applied, including perioperative therapy. Potential prognosticators were submitted to univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: @entity5 were bilateral (n = 34) or ipsilateral (n = 91). Optimal surgical treatment (complete anatomic resection with radical lymphadenectomy) was possible in 65.6% of the cases. pN0 disease was present in 32.3% of the @entity1 ; 30-day and 90-day mortality rates were 4.5% and 11%, respectively. Two- and 5-year overall survivals were 61.6% and 34%, respectively, with a median survival of 35 months. On univariate analysis, smoking status, high Charlson index, low forced expiratory volume in 1 second, occurrence of @entity260 , and performance of a pneumonectomy affected the overall survival adversely. Conversely, bilateral disease, location in the same lobe, and pN0 disease were favorable prognosticators. On multivariate analysis, low forced expiratory volume in 1 second, nonoptimal surgical treatment, and performance of a pneumonectomy were independent predictors of poor long-term survival, whereas female sex, younger age, @entity10094 , pN0 status, and performance of an adjuvant treatment affected the survival favorably. CONCLUSIONS: Provided there is an appropriate selection process, @entity1 with synchronous multiple primary @entity2 are expected to benefit from surgery. Optimal surgery should be performed, but pneumonectomy should be avoided whenever possible. Adjuvant treatment is suggested to provide an added survival advantage.

title: Synchronous multiple primary XXXX : an increasing clinical occurrence requiring multidisciplinary management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic disease']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity150 is diagnosed by a combination of cystoscopy and biopsy, with cytology as a valuable additional technique. The accuracy of cytological diagnosis depends on the experience of the cytologist and can inevitably vary from one cytologist to another. There is a need for an easy, reliable and objective diagnostic method. In the present study a new method was designed for the detection of @entity150 cells in urine. METHODS: Flow cytometry was utilized to detect @entity13880 in an artificial model consisting of normal urinary bladder transitional epithelial cells (NBECs) from healthy volunteers' urine and an established @entity1 @entity150 cell line, TCCSUP, after incubation with @entity29721 (HAL). In addition, urine samples from 19 @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed superficial @entity150 were examined. RESULTS: Incubation of NBECs or @entity1 cells with HAL for 1 hour resulted in production of @entity13880 only in the @entity1 cells. Incubation of a mixture of NBECs and @entity1 cells with HAL gave rise to a separated subpopulation of cells with @entity13880 fluorescence. After cell sorting by flow cytometry the @entity13880 -containing subpopulation of cells was confirmed as @entity1 cells on cytological examination. It was possible to detect 5% @entity1 cells in the mixture of NBECs/ @entity1 cells. To test the feasibility of the method in clinica diagnosis, urine samples from @entity1 with @entity150 were also measured with comparable, although preliminary and limited, results to those of cytological examination. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results show that the technique may be feasible for the detection of @entity150 cells in urine with possible advantages of simplicity, reliability and objectivity.

title: @entity150 with flow cytometry and XXXX in urine samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'TCCSUP']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder carcinoma', 'Urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['protoporphyrin IX']

entities_list: @entity29721 :: ('MESH:C419924', 'Chemical') :: ['hexaminolevulinate']

answer: @entity29721 :: (MESH:C419924,Chemical) :: ['hexaminolevulinate']


abstract: @entity40116 (NPYR) is an important carcinogen, frequently present in the environment and food chain. Oral administration of NPYR to experimental @entity35 evoked severe biochemical and pathological changes. In the present investigation, the protective role of dietary fibre on NPYR-induced @entity137 in @entity753 @entity35 was studied. Supplementation of @entity13474 seed coat fibre in the diet reduced the hepato-toxic effects of NPYR, as evident from the decreased @entity99 and improved liver weight index compared to control. Administration of NPYR resulted in an increase in the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in the experimental animals. The antioxidant potential of experimental animals decreased in the NPYR-fed group, which was evident from the increased in vitro lipid peroxidation (LPO) of erythrocytes. However, @entity13474 seed coat fibre considerably reduced the peroxidative damage done by NPYR. Administration of NPYR resulted in a substantial and significant increase in LPO in all tissues, to a varying degree, though the effect was maximum in the case of the liver. Inclusion of @entity13474 seed coat fibre considerably reduced the peroxidative damage caused by NPYR in all tissues. The effect of NPYR administration on antioxidant potential was variable in different tissues, but the effect was reduced considerably on inclusion of @entity13474 seed coat fibre in the diet, providing reasonable protection against NPYR-induced oxidative stress, and, hence, its @entity137 . Histopathological analysis of different tissues (heart, liver, lungs, spleen and kidneys) showed mild to severe pathological changes among the control and experimental groups. However, the pathological effects of NPYR administration were markedly reduced with the addition of @entity13474 seed coat fibre in the diet.

title: Protective role of dietary fibre on @entity40116 -induced @entity137 in XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity40116 :: ('MESH:D009242', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosopyrrolidine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic degeneration']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemic']


abstract: We examined the effects of high-frequency (30-Hz) @entity551 on respiration in nine @entity1 with @entity2417 . All @entity1 were studied during sleep and wore a nasal mask through which the oscillations were applied. All tests were performed during periods of repetitive central apneas. Respiratory efforts were monitored from the airflow and calibrated Respitrace signals. After several cycles of @entity386 were monitored, the oscillatory pressures were applied for brief periods (less than 5 s) at the midpoint of the central apneas. All trials in which arousal occurred were discarded, leaving a total of 106 trials in the nine @entity1 . High-frequency oscillation of the upper airway stimulated respiratory effort(s) in 68% of all trials (72 of 106). @entity386 length was significantly shortened in four of the nine @entity1 . In one @entity1 with a tracheostomy, the stimulus applied to his isolated upper airway evoked respiratory efforts during central @entity386 in 13 of 15 trials. We conclude that high-frequency oscillatory pressures applied to the upper airway can stimulate respiratory efforts during central @entity386 . This response may be mediated by upper airway receptors involved in nonrespiratory airway defense reflexes and may have implications in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity2417 .

title: Effects of high-frequency pressure waves applied to upper airway on respiration in central XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['low-pressure oscillations']

entities_list: @entity2417 :: ('MESH:D020182', 'Disease') :: ['central sleep apnea']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity65 are the most common causes of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity161 . We aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk factors in non-selected outpatients with @entity161 using methods proven effective in short-term trials. Furthermore, we examined whether any baseline characteristics were associated with positive outcomes. METHODS: All outpatients treated for @entity161 at two Danish hospitals were included in this 1-year follow-up study. The @entity1 were offered health interventions both individually and in groups. Weight, waist circumference, blood @entity413 , serum lipids, and information on smoking and @entity285 were obtained. RESULTS: On average, small significant increases in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumferences were observed while small non-significant improvements in other cardiovascular risk factors were seen. @entity1 with high baseline BMI and @entity1 with duration of treated illness beyond 2   years had significantly better intervention outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that it was difficult to improve physical health in a group of non-selected @entity1 with @entity161 as part of routine care. The @entity1 were not easily motivated to participate in the interventions, and it was difficult to monitor the recommended metabolic risk measures in the @entity1 group. Future research should focus on simple strategies in health promotion that can be integrated into routine care.

title: Reducing cardiovascular risk factors in non-selected outpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: All antagonists (sartans) are considered to be a group of pharmaceuticals with comparable indications and comparable effects as @entity1289 inhibitors, while almost lacking the side effect ofa dry cough. Large clinical trials showed that All antagonists had a comparable (statistically insignificantly smaller) effect on so called "hard targets", i.e. mortality and morbidity, in @entity1 with @entity741 and/or @entity712 . The study of their effect in the treatment of @entity101 was first limited to @entity6 and @entity1 with microalbuminuria and showed that they had a significant renoprotective effect in said cases. Large clinical trials followed, focusing on @entity101 in primary as well as secondary prevention of @entity65 . Five large clinical trials focusing on All antagonists addressed @entity64 and cognitive functions: LIFE, SCOPE, @entity9215 , MOSES and POWER. The LIFE study ( @entity9886 Intervention For Endpoint) confirmed that in 9,193 @entity1 with proven left @entity123 , @entity9886 led to a lower incidence of @entity64 or new development of @entity6 than @entity2165 , which in turn led to statistically significant lower primary endpoint ( @entity3329 , @entity583 and @entity64 ) (p = 0.021), while blood pressure dropped at the same rate. The SCOPE study (Study on COgnition and Prognosis in Elderly @entity101 ) compared @entity1564 with another antihypertensive treatment in 4,937 @entity4372 @entity1 older than 70. The primary endpoint was a decrease in massive @entity65 ( @entity3329 , MI, @entity64 ). The decrease rate reached 10.9%, which was not considered statistically significant (p = 0.19). However, statistically significant was the decrease in @entity64 (p = 0.04). The MOSES study (Morbidity and mortality after @entity64 ) compared @entity9884 and @entity9805 in secondary prevention of @entity66 in 1,405 @entity1 . Blood pressure was reduced to a comparable extent without showing significant differences between the two groups. During the study period, a total of 461 primary accidents occurred: 206 in @entity1 with @entity9884 and 255 in @entity1 with @entity9805 (p = 0.014). @entity65 were: 77 with @entity9884 and 101 with @entity9805 (p = 0.06); @entity64 were: 102 with @entity9884 and 134 with @entity9805 (p = 0.03). @entity9215 study was an open study with the objective to assess the impact of @entity9884 treatment on cognitive functions. Use of @entity9884 was associated with a significant reduction in blood pressure from 161.9/93.1 mm Hg to 136.1/80.8 mm Hg after 6 months (p < 0.0001). The total average score of the MMSE test after the completion of the follow-up period was 27.9 - 2.9 compared to 27.1 + 3.4 at the beginning (p < 0.0001). The results of the @entity9215 study support the statement that antihypertensive treatment based on drugs that target the reninangiotensin system is associated with the preservation of cognitive functions. The POWER study proved in a large unselected population the suitability and practical aspect ofa reduction in the total cardiovascular risk by means of systematic treatment of @entity101 .

title: [AII antagonists in the treatment of XXXX and prevention of @entity64 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensives', 'high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents', 'cerebrovascular accident', 'stroke', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity9884 :: ('MESH:C068373', 'Chemical') :: ['eprosartan']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular accidents', 'cardiovascular diseases', 'Cardiovascular accidents']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate single center results with selective use of the Gore Excluder stent-graft for elective @entity1028 repair. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a prospective data base. Primary endpoints were technical success, all-cause and @entity439 -related mortality and @entity1756 . Secondary endpoints were late complications including migration, @entity1070 , @entity439 , limb occlusion, and re-intervention. RESULTS: The Gore Excluder stent-graft was used in 92 elective cases, mainly in cases with difficult iliac anatomy. There were 81 (88%) male @entity1 . Mean age was 70.4+/-7.5 (range, 53-87). Primary assisted technical success rate was 98.9% (91/92 @entity1 ). Thirty-day mortality was 0%. Median follow-up was 35.7 months (range, 2-99). Overall survival was 95.2+/-2.4% at 1 year, 89.2+/-3.7% at 2 years, 83.9+/-4.5% at 3 years and 70.2+/-6.8% at 5 years. During follow-up there were 3 (3.3%) Type I endoleaks and 20 (21.7%) @entity1070 . Proximal migration of more than 5 mm without @entity1070 occurred in two @entity1 . In total 13 re-interventions were performed in 12 (13%) @entity1 . No graft limb occlusion occurred. No @entity439 ruptured during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Selective use of the Gore Excluder demonstrates excellent short- and long-term results. Despite being used in challenging iliac anatomy no graft limbs occluded.

title: Results of XXXX repair with selective use of the Gore Excluder.

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['Type II endoleaks', 'endoleak']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm growth', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to identify factors associated with @entity204 and cardiac transplantation in @entity1 undergoing the Norwood procedure and to determine differences in associations that might favor the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt or a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt. METHODS: We used competing risks methodology to analyze @entity204 without transplantation, cardiac transplantation, and survival without transplantation. Parametric time-to-event modeling and bootstrapping were used to identify independent predictors. RESULTS: Data from 549 subjects (follow-up, 2.7    0.9 years) were analyzed. Mortality risk was characterized by early and constant phases; transplant was characterized by only a constant phase. Early phase factors associated with @entity204 included lower socioeconomic status (P = .01), obstructed @entity1700 (P < .001), smaller ascending aorta (P = .02), and anatomic subtype. Constant phase factors associated with @entity204 included @entity74 (P < .001) and lower gestational age (P < .001). The right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt demonstrated better survival in the 51% of subjects who were full term with aortic @entity1146 (P < .001). The modified Blalock-Taussig shunt was better among the 4% of subjects who were preterm with a patent aortic valve (P = .003). Lower pre-Norwood right ventricular fractional area change, pre-Norwood surgery, and anatomy other than @entity1699 were independently associated with transplantation (all P < .03), but shunt type was not (P = .43). CONCLUSIONS: Independent risk factors for intermediate-term mortality include lower socioeconomic status, anatomy, @entity74 , and lower gestational age. Term @entity1 with aortic @entity1146 benefited from a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt, and preterm @entity1 with a patent aortic valve benefited from a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. Right ventricular function and anatomy, but not shunt type, were associated with transplantation.

title: Intermediate-term mortality and cardiac transplantation in XXXX with single-ventricle lesions: risk factors and their interaction with shunt type.

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous return']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are the most common @entity361 in the gastrointestinal tract. One of their features is the expression of the c-KIT/ @entity2467 receptor. AIMS AND METHODS: We will focus on describing the symptoms, clinical studies prior to diagnosis, histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, as well as the progression of disease in a group of @entity1 . RESULTS: Seventeen cases were diagnosed between December 1999 and April 2005. Mean age of @entity1 was 64.5 (+/-11.9); 47% were @entity1 . @entity5 location was as follows: 52.9% in the jejunum or ileum, 29.4% were gastric, 11.7% were in the duodenum, and 5.8% were located in the mesentery. @entity5 size was 6.0 cm on average (+/-5.0); 47% were asymptomatic, and to a lesser degree caused @entity490 or digestive bleeding; 94.1% of @entity5 expressed @entity2467 . Most of them were discovered while performing a laparotomy or ultrasound scan; 94.1% of @entity5 were removed; 35.2% (6 out of 17) of @entity1 suffering from @entity677 met consensus criteria for @entity146 . Over 25.6 months (+/-22.5) metastasis or @entity5 relapse occurred in 23.5% (4 out of 17) of @entity1 --those with more frequent high-risk criteria, symptomatic and bigger @entity5 , and @entity5 not expressing @entity2467 . The three @entity1 with @entity5 relapse were prescribed @entity2213 mesylate. Three @entity1 died because of the @entity5 , and four from other causes unrelated to @entity677 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity677 was diagnosed in around 12 cases per million a year. Its diagnosis was usually an incidental finding during a medical evaluation, and @entity5 were malignant in nearly one fourth of cases. We can predict its outcome depending on different aspects.

title: [ @entity674 ( XXXX ): clinical aspects].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['GISTs']


abstract: The effects of dietary conjugated @entity4722 ( @entity13357 ) supplementation on growth performance, carcass quality, free @entity844 composition, and accumulation of @entity13357 were investigated in broilers. Four hundred eighty 3-wk-old broilers were assigned to 4 dietary treatments (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% @entity13357 ) with 6 replicates of 20 @entity1573 . Feed consumption and BW were recorded at every 5-d period. On d 42, carcass compositions were determined from 30 birds per treatment. There were no significant differences in average daily feed intake among the treatments. However, feed conversion ratio was highly significantly different (P < 0.01) between treatments, and average daily gain was significantly reduced by a supplement of dietary @entity13357 (P < 0.05). Live weight and percentages of carcass, drumstick, thigh, boneless thigh, pectoralis major, and pectoralis minor were not influenced by the dietary @entity13357 . Abdominal fat was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) with the increased @entity13357 level in the broilers' diets. Percentages of liver weight were significantly increased (P < 0.01) after the @entity13357 treatments. Percentages of drumstick and boneless drumstick were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by dietary @entity13357 . In terms of free @entity844 composition in broiler meat, @entity13357 addition significantly increased (P < 0.05) saturated @entity1718 , especially in thigh muscle, whereas @entity1474 were unchanged. Accumulations of @entity13357 in meat were significantly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing @entity13357 level in the diet.

title: Effects of various levels of conjugated XXXX supplementation on @entity844 content and carcass composition of broilers.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pregnancy in a @entity1 with a mechanical heart valve is a life-threatening situation. Due to the inability of unfractionated heparin to prevent @entity340 , @entity1229 or other @entity2067 antagonists have been the preferred anticoagulants for the mother. They are, however, potentially harmful to the fetus. With the advent of low-molecular-weight heparins, clinicians were hopeful for an alternative that was safe for the fetus, but more effective than unfractionated heparin, which carries a 29-33% risk of life-threatening @entity715 and a 7-15% chance of mortality. Unfortunately, fatal @entity715 have occurred with low-molecular-weight heparin as well. METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE database and other sources to identify cases of the use of low-molecular-weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis in @entity1 with mechanical heart valves. RESULTS: We found 73 cases and added three of our own for a total of 76. There were 17 thrombotic events (22%). Thirteen were valve @entity715 , two were @entity64 , and two were @entity583 . There were three @entity204 (4%). CONCLUSIONS: While pregnant @entity1 with mechanical heart valves who receive low-molecular-weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis are at extremely high risk of life-threatening @entity715 , there is no evidence that low-molecular-weight heparin is inferior to unfractionated heparin.

title: Low-molecular-weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant XXXX with mechanical heart valves.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Emerging research will likely make it possible to tailor pharmacological treatment for individuals with @entity286 @entity734 by genotype. This study explored primary care physicians' attitudes about the strengths of and barriers to using genetic testing to match @entity1 to optimal @entity1239 replacement therapy. Four focus groups (n=27) were conducted, and data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Physicians reported how likely they would be to offer @entity1 a genetic test to tailor smoking treatment in response to three different scenarios that described characteristics of the genetic test based on published research. Respondents were on average 36 years of age; 59% were male and 67% were white. Physicians believed genetically tailored treatment may offer new hope to smokers trying to quit, yet they also noted several potential barriers to clinical integration. Barriers included erroneous assumptions by @entity1 regarding the meaning of genetic test results, possible misinterpretation of information regarding racial differences in the prevalence of certain risk alleles, and potential discrimination against @entity1 undergoing testing. Concerns increased dramatically when physicians were told that the same genotypes that would be identified to tailor smoking treatment also have been associated with increased risk of becoming addicted to @entity1239 , as well as other addictions and @entity146 . Physicians were interested in the possibility of realizing improved smoking cessation outcomes through pharmacogenetic developments, but they also raised many concerns. Primary care physicians will need additional educational inputs and system support prior to integrating genetic testing for a common trait into their routine clinical practice.

title: Anticipating clinical integration of genetically tailored @entity286 XXXX treatment: perspectives of primary care physicians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: @entity955 cardiocytes of mammals, including @entity1 , contain multiple cytoplasmic granules that vary in number in different physiological states. Using morphologic and comprehensive morphometric techniques, these granules were assessed in @entity35 following dehydration for 5 days, volume-loading by substituting 1% @entity1219 as drinking water for 7 days, unilateral nephrectomy plus volume-loading for 7 days, and in late term pregnant animals (18-20 days; term approximately 21 days). Although principally located in the paranuclear region, granules were observed throughout the sarcoplasm. Cytological features indicative of synthetic activity and granule formation were readily apparent in all groups with the exception of pregnant @entity35 where they were infrequently observed. Granule contents were released by exocytosis and observed in the right appendage of control, dehydrated and nephrectomy/volume-loaded groups and left appendage of volume-loaded animals. Exocytosis was not observed in pregnant animals. By point counting, the proportional volume of cardiocytes occupied by granules (Vv) in controls was significantly greater for right than for left appendage (2.12 +/- 0.22% vs 1.29 +/- 0.16%; mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.05). A significantly similar difference was found for nephrectomy/volume-loaded animals. There was no significant difference in Vv for right appendage between the control and experimental groups; for left appendage there was a significant increase in Vv to 2.42 +/- 0.09% (p less than 0.05) for volume-loaded animals only. Estimation of the maximum diameter of granule profiles in control animals was 238 +/- 9 nm and 230 +/- 6 nm for right and left appendages, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of granules in XXXX in different physiological states.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial appendage']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial appendage cardiocytes']


abstract: Daphne genkwa root has been traditionally used as an effective remedy to treat various @entity5 . However, the active constituents for its antitumor potency have not been well documented. During the screening for antitumor constituents, it was found that the total @entity3088 of D. genkwa root (TFDR) were responsible for the inhibition of @entity5 growth and @entity3 . In this study, TFDR was investigated for its chemical composition and activities against @entity5 growth and @entity3 . HPLC indicates that @entity42650 , containing 42.79% of the total, represents the predominant constituent in TFDR. Treatment of LLC-bearing @entity19 with TFDR evidently protected peripheral lymphocytes from @entity5 -induced reduction, and increased lymphocyte proliferation potential and cytolytic activity of NK, and inhibited @entity5 progression and @entity3 either 7 days before, or simultaneous with, or 7 days after LLC transplantation. TFDR also suggested higher @entity137 to a number of @entity5 cell lines than that to normal @entity1 kidney cell K293. TFDR also induced an enhancement on peripheral release of @entity637 at doses between 25 and 75 mg/kg. These results indicated that TFDR inhibited @entity5 growth and @entity3 by protecting host immunocyte viability and its proliferation potential, and selectively inhibiting @entity5 cell proliferation, and improving cytolytic activity of NK cells, and enhancing TNF release in LLC-bearing @entity19 . @entity42650 and its analogues in TFDR are the active constituents in the roots of D. genkwa, contributing to the inhibition of @entity5 growth and @entity3 .

title: Total XXXX of Daphne genkwa root significantly inhibit the growth and @entity3 of Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL6 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity42650 :: ('MESH:C055028', 'Chemical') :: ['daphnodorin B', 'Daphnodorin B']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['flavonoids']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous studies of long workhours and their effects on stress, sleep, and health show inconclusive results. This inconclusiveness may be partly due to methodological problems such as the use of between-group designs or comparisons before and after reorganizations. In addition, stress is usually a confounder. A within- @entity1 design was used to examine the effects of working 8- or 12-hour shifts in the absence of additional stress. METHODS: In an experimental field study, 16 white-collar workers [9 @entity1 , mean age 45.9 (SD 15) years] undertook one workweek with normal workhours (8 hours) and 1 week of overtime with 4 extra hours of regular worktasks (12 hours). The @entity1 wore actigraphs, rated @entity25 (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and stress throughout the day, and rated workload and how exhausted they felt. Saliva samples were collected on Mondays and Thursdays for @entity701 analysis. On these days, ambulatory heart rate and blood pressure were also measured for 24 hours. RESULTS: Overtime was associated with higher levels of exhaustion. Sleepiness showed a significant interaction between conditions, with higher levels at the end of the workweek featuring overtime. Total sleep time was shorter in the overtime week. There were no significant differences between ratings of stress and workload. @entity701 showed a circadian variation but no main effect of condition. CONCLUSIONS: One week of overtime work with a moderate workload produced no main effects on physiological stress markers. Nevertheless, sleep was negatively affected, with shorter sleeps during overtime work and greater problems with fatigue and @entity25 .

title: Overtime work and its effects on sleep, XXXX , @entity701 and blood pressure in an experimental field study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleepiness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Internal jugular vein @entity715 is a rare vascular event with a potentially fatal outcome. Of the known etiologies, internal @entity5 , either known or occult, are well described. Even though @entity5 are known to present with @entity715 , it rarely occurs due to @entity263 . Many cases of jugular vein and superior vena cava @entity715 secondary to @entity5 are due to metastatic compression of veins. Recurrent and unusual vascular @entity715 due to @entity49 associated with @entity5 is also known as @entity19634 . Here we report a rare case of a @entity1 with @entity715 as a presenting feature of @entity263 , which is a case of @entity19634 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 75-year-old @entity3595 Lankan @entity1 with @entity101 , @entity407 , and past history of spontaneous @entity932 presented with a short history of @entity4 in his left supraclavicular fossa. An examination revealed the swelling was due to a thickened left external jugular vein. A duplex ultrasound scan revealed left-sided internal jugular, external jugular, and @entity49 . Surveillance into underlying @entity5 showed an irregular, hard prostate gland suspicious of @entity263 , which was proven with histology, and biochemically. A computed tomography scan found extensive vertebral, pelvic bone, intra-abdominal lymph node @entity3 , and a single right-sided lower lung metastatic lesion, with no direct involvement of the jugular vein. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous @entity715 of the internal jugular vein due to @entity19634 is rare and unusual. Clinicians should promptly investigate for @entity5 as it can be the first presentation of underlying @entity5 . Although @entity263 are rare to present with @entity715 , this case illustrates the importance of having a high degree of suspicion in the appropriate clinical setting.

title: @entity49 due to XXXX as the presenting feature of @entity263 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinomas', 'metastatic prostate carcinoma', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['occult malignancies', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['painless swelling']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['brachiocephalic venous thrombosis', 'hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity19634 :: ('MESH:D054868', 'Disease') :: ["Trousseau's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['internal jugular vein thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity19634 :: (MESH:D054868,Disease) :: ['Trousseau's syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the dose rate influence in @entity2915 ( @entity2915 ) of @entity1 @entity320 cells to very low doses of fast neutrons and to compare to the behaviour of normal @entity1 skin fibroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We explored different neutron dose rates as well as possible implication of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), apoptosis, and energy-provider @entity859 - @entity6224 (ATP) levels during @entity2915 . RESULTS: @entity2915 in @entity320 cells appears only at a very low dose rate (VLDR), while a @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) induces an initial cell-radioresistance (ICRR). @entity2915 does not seem to be due either to DSB or to apoptosis. Both phenomena ( @entity2915 and ICRR) appear to be related to ATP availability for triggering cell repair. Fibroblast survival after neutron irradiation is also dose rate-dependent but without @entity2915 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity320 cells or fibroblasts exert their own survival behaviour at very low doses of neutrons, suggesting that in some cases there is a differential between @entity5 and normal cells radiation responses. Only the survival of fibroblasts at @entity1168 fits the linear no-threshold model. This new insight into @entity1 cell responses to very low doses of neutrons, concerns natural radiations, surroundings of accelerators, proton-therapy devices, flights at high altitude. Furthermore, ATP inhibitors could increase @entity2915 during high-linear energy transfer (high-LET) irradiation.

title: Different dose rate-dependent responses of XXXX @entity320 cells and fibroblasts to low dose fast neutrons.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose rate']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-radiosensitivity', 'HRS']

entities_list: @entity6224 :: ('MESH:C005692', 'Chemical') :: ['triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether increased fluctuation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is an independent factor for @entity726 progression. DESIGN: A cohort of @entity1 was followed up in a randomized clinical trial. @entity1 : Two hundred fifty-five @entity726 @entity1 from the Early @entity726 Trial (EMGT; 129 treated and 126 control @entity1 ). METHODS: Study visits, conducted every 3 months, included ophthalmologic examinations, IOP measurements, and standard automated perimetry, with fundus photography every 6 months. Intraocular pressure values were included only until the time of progression in those eyes that showed such progression. Individual mean follow-up IOP and IOP fluctuation, calculated as the standard deviation of IOP at applicable visits, were the variables of main interest. Cox regression with time-dependent variables was used to evaluate the association between IOP fluctuation and time to progression, both with and without IOP mean in the models. These analyses also controlled for other significant variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity726 , as defined by a predetermined @entity227 , worsening of the disk, assessed by an independent disc reading center, or both. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 8 years (range, 0.1-11.1 years). Sixty-eight percent of the @entity1 progressed. When considering mean follow-up IOP and IOP fluctuation in the same time-dependent model, mean IOP was a significant risk factor for progression. The hazard ratio (HR) was 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.17; P<0.0001). Intraocular pressure fluctuation was not related to progression, with an HR of 1.00 (95% CI, 0.81-1.24; P = 0.999). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm our earlier finding that elevated IOP is a strong factor for @entity726 progression, with the HR increasing by 11% for every 1 mmHg of higher IOP. Intraocular pressure fluctuation was not an independent factor in our analyses, a finding that conflicts with some earlier reports. One explanation for the discrepancy is that our analyses did not include postprogression IOP values, which would be biased toward larger fluctuations because of more intensive treatment. In contrast, in this EMGT report, no changes in @entity1 management occurred during the period analyzed.

title: Fluctuation of intraocular pressure and @entity726 progression in the early manifest XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field criterion']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'Glaucoma progression', 'Manifest Glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of neck ultrasonography in predicting @entity3557 persistence or recurrence. METHODS: Between March 2005 and March 2009, we identified @entity1 with a preoperative diagnosis of @entity3557 . Exclusion criteria included no documented preoperative ultrasonography and initial surgery at an outside institution. @entity1 with positive preoperative ultrasonography were compared with @entity1 who had negative preoperative ultrasonography by assessing rates of neck dissection, complications, disease persistence or recurrence, and the need for repeated surgery. RESULTS: Of 127 @entity1 initially identified, 16 did not have preoperative ultrasonography and 4 did not have their initial surgery at our institution, leaving 107 @entity1 in our cohort. Twenty-two @entity1 had positive preoperative ultrasonography and 85 @entity1 had negative preoperative ultrasonography. @entity1 with positive preoperative ultrasonography had a higher rate of repeated surgery than those with negative preoperative ultrasonography (27% vs 4.7%, P = .003). There was no difference in postoperative complication rates. No @entity1 with negative preoperative ultrasonography and an ultrasound report stating specifically "no suspicious lymph nodes" required repeated surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Negative preoperative ultrasonography with specific lymph node evaluation predicts a low risk of needing early reoperation. Positive preoperative ultrasonography may be a marker for more @entity146 and the best predictor of the need for additional surgery in the future.

title: Preoperative ultrasonography findings predict the need for repeated surgery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the prognostic impact of mutated @entity2467 (mutKIT) in core-binding factor @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) with inv(16)(p13q22) and t(8;21)(q22;q22). @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-one adults with inv(16) and 49 adults with t(8;21), assigned to postremission therapy with repetitive cycles of higher dose @entity2592 were analyzed for mutKIT in exon 17 (mutKIT17) and 8 (mutKIT8) by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing at diagnosis. The median follow-up was 5.3 years. RESULTS: Among @entity1 with inv(16), 29.5% had mutKIT (16% with mutKIT17 and 13% with sole mutKIT8). Among @entity1 with t(8;21), 22% had mutKIT (18% with mutKIT17 and 4% with sole mutKIT8). Complete remission rates of @entity1 with mutKIT and wild-type @entity2467 (wtKIT) were similar in both cytogenetic groups. In inv(16), the cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was higher for @entity1 with mutKIT (P = .05; 5-year CIR, 56% v 29%) and those with mutKIT17 (P = .002; 5-year CIR, 80% v 29%) compared with wtKIT @entity1 . Once data were adjusted for sex, mutKIT predicted worse overall survival (OS). In t(8;21), mutKIT predicted higher CIR (P = .017; 5-year CIR, 70% v 36%), but did not influence OS. CONCLUSION: We report for the first time that mutKIT, and particularly mutKIT17, confer higher relapse risk, and both mutKIT17 and mutKIT8 appear to adversely affect OS in @entity3052 with inv(16). We also confirm the adverse impact of mutKIT on relapse risk in t(8;21) @entity3052 . We suggest that @entity1 with core-binding factor @entity3052 should be screened for mutKIT at diagnosis for both prognostic and therapeutic purposes, given that activated @entity2467 potentially can be targeted with novel @entity669 kinase inhibitors.

title: Adverse prognostic significance of @entity2467 mutations in adult XXXX with inv(16) and t(8;21): a Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cholera is an infectious disease of major concern in Vietnam and other Asian countries. In 2009, there was a large outbreak of @entity3081 in northern Vietnam. To investigate relationships among isolates of the causative pathogen @entity1838 in this region since 2007, we carried out a multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of 170 isolates collected between 2007 and 2009. A total of 24 MLVA types were identified using seven loci. Five clones (#1-5) were identified using five loci of the large @entity1838 chromosome; clones 1 and 2 were major and the others were minor. Clone 1 isolates were responsible for the 2009 outbreak. A shift in the predominant clone occurred between 2007 and 2009, with clone 1 likely derived from clone 2. Moreover, the former was less diverse than the latter, suggesting a single source of @entity3081 . Epidemiological data indicated a wavelet prior the large outbreak, suggesting that drinking water source or food chain became contaminated during dissemination. Our results reveal the utility of MLVA for analysis of @entity1838 isolates within a relatively short period and broaden our understanding of its transmission and response to @entity3081 .

title: Molecular epidemiology of XXXX O1 in northern Vietnam (2007-2009), using multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis.

entities_list: @entity3081 :: ('MESH:D002771', 'Disease') :: ['cholera dissemination', 'cholera']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'Vibrio cholerae']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vessels heal after injury and G protein-coupled receptors are involved in the vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation required to form intimal @entity1373 . We have previously identified the role of Gaq in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in  vitro. This study now examines the role of Gaq in the developing intimal @entity1373 in a @entity19 model and the impact of disruption of Gaq signaling on intimal @entity1373 development. METHODS: We employed a @entity19 femoral @entity130 model in which a micro-wire is passed through a branch of the femoral artery and used to denude the common femoral artery. We perfusion-fixed specimens and stained sections with @entity1710 - @entity1711 and Movat's stains such that morphometric analysis could be performed using an Image-Pro system. We also harvested additional specimens of femoral artery and snap-froze them for Western blotting or zymography, to allow for the study of G protein expression and both protease expression and activity. We used contralateral vessels as controls. We immersed additional vessels in pluronic gel containing the chemical Gaq G protein inhibitors GP-2A, siRNA to Gaq or adenovirus containing mutant inactive Gaq. RESULTS: Gaq expression increased in a time-dependent manner after femoral @entity1317 . Sham-operated vessels did not produce such a response. Inhibition of Gaq reduced cell proliferation without affecting cell migration. Interruption of Gaq signaling also inhibited the development of intimal @entity1373 . Inhibition of Gaq did not alter peak urinary-type plasminogen activator activity and expression, but did increase early plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity and expression. Inhibition of @entity1235 activity at Day 3 but did not influence peak @entity5780 activity at Day 7. Protein expression for @entity1235 was also decreased, but that of @entity5780 was not affected. There were no changes in the expression or the activity of the respective inhibitors for @entity1235 and @entity5780 , and @entity11288 . CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that femoral @entity130 in the @entity19 is associated with a time-dependent increase in Gaq expression. Inhibition of Gaq alters cell proliferation and is associated with decreased @entity1235 expression and activity.

title: Gaq G proteins modulate XXXX gelatinase during remodeling of the @entity19 femoral artery.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity11288 :: ('21857;21858', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and -2']

entities_list: @entity1235 :: ('17395(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'Gaq reduced peak metalloproteinase (MMP)-9']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['wire injury']

answer: @entity1235 :: (17395(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MMP-9']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We highlight a chronic @entity32 we call ' @entity66 ', which has many synonyms depending on the organ involved, the country of origin and the year of the report. It is characterized histologically by a lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with IgG4-positive cells and exuberant @entity82 , which leaves dense @entity82 on resolution. A typical example is @entity3807 , but the initial report in 2001 was of sclerosing @entity788 . METHODS: We report an index case with @entity221 and severe @entity262 . We have also reviewed the histology of 11 further @entity1 with @entity3807 for evidence of IgG4-expressing plasma cells, and examined a wide range of other inflammatory conditions and @entity66 as organ-specific controls. We have reviewed the published literature for disease associations with @entity2416 and the synonyms: pseudotumour, @entity5 , @entity6437 , systemic @entity82 , xanthofibrogranulomatosis, and multifocal @entity12787 . RESULTS: Histology from all 12 @entity1 showed, to varying degrees, @entity82 , intense inflammatory cell infiltration with lymphocytes, plasma cells, scattered neutrophils, and sometimes eosinophilic aggregates, with venulitis and obliterative @entity3468 . The majority of lymphocytes were T cells that expressed @entity405 and @entity404 , with scattered B-cell-rich small lymphoid follicles. In all cases, there was a significant increase in IgG4-positive plasma cells compared with controls. In two cases, biopsies before and after @entity134 treatment were available, and only scattered plasma cells were seen after treatment, none of them expressing IgG4. Review of the literature shows that although pathology commonly appears confined to one organ, @entity1 can have systemic symptoms and @entity221 . In the active period, there is an acute phase response with a high serum concentration of IgG, and during this phase, there is a rapid clinical response to glucocorticoid @entity134 treatment. CONCLUSION: We believe that @entity66 is an important condition to recognise, as the diagnosis can be readily verified and the outcome with treatment is very good.

title: XXXX : report and characterisation of a new disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic diseases', 'hyper-IgG4 disease']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myofibroblastic tumour']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell granuloma']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic, systemic fibrosing conditions']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity12787 :: ('MESH:C537375', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosclerosis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Hyper-IgG4 disease']


abstract: Myeloablative chemo-/radiotherapy supported by transplantation of autologous bone marrow or blood progenitor cells for @entity3052 , or @entity1582 continues to be associated with a high relapse rate because of the infusion of malignant stem cells and the lack of an in vivo graft-vs.- @entity1778 (GVL) effect. Although various methods of purging are established for marrow, purging procedures for blood progenitor cell preparations have not been widely used primarily because of the technical challenges to process a higher number of cells. As a broadly applicable method for immunological purging, we tested whether highly cytotoxic cells from a natural killer (NK) cell line characterized previously (NK-92) could be used for immunological @entity1503 . The @entity1 cell line, which was established from a @entity1 with @entity1893 , can lyse in vitro a broad range of @entity1778 , @entity706 , and @entity1582 cell lines even at very low effector:target (E:T) ratios; this lysis is superior to @entity137 obtained from normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated for 4 days with @entity1199 . In an attempt to quantitate the purging achievable with @entity1 cells, normal PBMCs were spiked with 10% K562 cells that had been transfected with the neo(r) marker gene (K562-neo(r). Various numbers of @entity1 cells were then added to the cell mixtures, which were incubated for 4 or 48 hours at 37 degrees C with or without @entity1199 (500 U/mL). In order to prevent their proliferation, @entity1 cells were irradiated with 1000 cGy ( @entity5166 source). This radiation dose was determined to suppress proliferation of @entity1 cells, but at the same time maintain full cytotoxic activity. After co-culture, the cells were plated in methylcellulose containing 0.8 mg/mL G418. The number of surviving K562-neo(r) colonies was counted under the microscope 7 days later and the results were considered a quantitative readout for the purging efficacy of @entity1 cells. No @entity5154 -resistant K562 colonies could be detected up to a ratio of @entity1 :K562-neo(r) cells of 5:1 (effective NK-92:PBMC ratio of 0.5:1). The presence or absence of @entity1199 during the culture period did not affect the results. At this ratio of NK-92:PBMC, the growth of normal clonogenic hematopoietic progenitor cells was not compromised as determined by a standard @entity7522 assay. Considering that K562 is a rapidly proliferating cell line and that the input number of K562 cells (10%) tested here was high, the data suggest that the cytotoxic NK-92 clone (after irradiation to prevent proliferation) could be used effectively for immunological ex vivo purging without compromising hematopoietic cell function.

title: A cytotoxic NK-cell line (NK-92) for ex vivo purging of XXXX from blood.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia, lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['purging of blood preparations']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity7522 :: ('MESH:D008747', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcellulose']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: Purpose. To evaluate the safety of a foldable acrylic single-piece intraocular lens (IOL) in cases of complicated @entity231 surgery and sulcus implantation. Setting. University and private anterior segment surgery practices. Methods. In this observational case series study, 13 eyes of 13 @entity1 were included after complicated phacoemulsification with extensive posterior capsule @entity397 with or without @entity393 . A foldable acrylic single-piece IOL (Rayner Superflex 620H; Rayner Intraocular Lenses Limited, Hove, East Sussex, UK) was implanted in the ciliary sulcus in each eye. Postoperative follow-up included best-corrected visual acuity, anterior segment biomicroscopy, IOL centration and position, intraocular pressure, and fundus biomicroscopy. Optical coherence tomography was performed in 2 subjects. Median follow-up time was 12 months (range 1-21 months). Results. Visual acuity 12 months after surgery was 6/18 and below in 5 eyes (39%), between 6/12 and 6/7.5 in 6 eyes (46%), and 6/6 in 2 eyes (15%). All @entity1 experienced vision improvement. @entity260 included @entity3279 (2 eyes), Descemet folds (1 eye), intraocular pressure elevations (3 eyes), and pronounced @entity1347 (1 eye). Two eyes had minor @entity2300 . No significant IOL decentration was observed. Conclusions. Sulcus implantation of a foldable acrylic single-piece IOL in eyes with complicated @entity231 surgery maintains the advantages of easy insertion and small incision. Postoperatively, all IOLs were centered, visual results were good, and complications were manageable and not IOL-related.

title: Sulcus implantation of a single-piece foldable acrylic intraocular lens after posterior capsular XXXX in @entity231 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment inflammation']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupil contour abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous loss']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity4270 is a core symptom of @entity308 . Deficits in reward function, which underlie @entity4270 , can be readily assessed in animals. Therefore, @entity4270 may serve as an endophenotype for understanding the neural circuitry and molecular pathways underlying @entity308 . OBJECTIVE: Surprisingly, there is scant knowledge regarding alterations in brain reward function after olfactory bulbectomy (OB), an animal model which results in a @entity751 responsive to chronic antidepressant treatment. Therefore, the present studies aimed to assess reward function after bulbectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study utilized @entity969 preference, @entity2072 -induced hyperlocomotion and intra-cranial self-stimulation (ICSS) responding to examine reward processes in the OB model. RESULTS: Bulbectomized animals showed a marked preference (>90%) for 0.8% @entity969 solution compared with water; similar to the preference exhibited by sham controls. Importantly, there were pronounced deficits in brain reward function, as assessed using ICSS, which lasted 8 days before returning to baseline levels. Furthermore, bulbectomized animals were hyper-responsive to the locomotor stimulating properties of an acute and a repeated @entity2072 regimen. However, no difference in ICSS facilitation was observed in response to an acute @entity2072 injection. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results suggest that bulbectomized @entity35 display alterations in brain reward function, but these changes are not long-lasting and thus, not amenable to investigating the effects of pharmacological interventions. However, given that OB animals are hypersensitive to drugs of abuse, bulbectomy may be an appropriate inducing factor for the development of animal models of co-morbid @entity308 and @entity734 .

title: Evaluation of reward processes in an animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['Anhedonia', 'anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural syndrome']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug dependence']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']