abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances and changes in self-reported discomfort and @entity2493 secretion are common in the post-operative period. We aimed to study the distribution of sleep stages in the perioperative period and evaluate changes in secretion of the @entity2493 metabolite aMT6s and subjective parameters of @entity25 , @entity158 , general well-being and fatigue in @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity0 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1 , 30-70 years, undergoing lumpectomy were included. Polysomnography was performed the night before surgery (PREOP), the night after ( @entity13013 ) and 14 days after (PO14). Recordings were scored as awake, light-sleep, slow-wave sleep and @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep. Sleep stages were analysed as % of @entity25 ( @entity25 ). Self-reported discomfort was assessed using questions about the level of fatigue, well-being, @entity158 and @entity25 . Urinary aMT6s was measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: There was significantly decreased @entity1319 sleep on @entity13013 (5.9% of @entity25 ) compared with PREOP (18.7% of @entity25 ) (P < 0.005). An increase in light sleep was observed on @entity13013 (68.4% of @entity25 ) compared with PREOP (55.0% of @entity25 ) (P < 0.05). No significant changes in @entity25 , sleep latency, sleep period or total time awake were found. The observed sleep changes were normalised after 2 weeks. No significant changes were found in @entity158 , well-being, fatigue or @entity25 . Night secretion of aMT6s showed a trend towards a decrease from PREOP to @entity13013 (P = 0.09) and normalisation on PO14 (P = 0.27 between PREOP and PO14). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity0 undergoing lumpectomy had significantly disturbed sleep architecture the night after surgery, and these changes were normalised after 2 weeks.

title: Sleep disturbances and changes in urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin levels in XXXX with @entity0 undergoing lumpectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'TST', 'total sleep time']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'rapid-eye-movement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Biomass serves as a major fuel source for >50% of the world's population. The @entity66 attributed to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion accounts for approximately 3% of worldwide disability-adjusted life-years lost. This is due to @entity55 in @entity1 and @entity1030 and @entity2 in @entity1 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old @entity1 from Mexico was referred to the pulmonary clinic for evaluation of chronic productive cough and pulmonary nodules. In his youth, he worked at a charcoal plant in Mexico, where he burned wood and was exposed to massive amounts of smoke. His evaluation revealed thickened bronchovascular bundles with nodules on thoracic computed tomography, dark black plaques in large airways on bronchoscopy, and @entity505 -laden macrophages and fibrotic scars on lung biopsy. DISCUSSION: The @entity1 was diagnosed with "hut lung," a term that refers to the noninfectious, nonmalignant respiratory manifestations of chronic, high-level exposures to biomass smoke. This is the first reported case of hut lung associated with charcoal production. This case highlights that histopathologic @entity358 may be present in @entity1 with only mild symptoms and that clinical progression is likely a function of both the duration and intensity of exposure. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: As residents of lesser developed countries continue to be exposed to high levels of biomass smoke at work or at home and continue to immigrate to developed countries, it is important that health care providers in developed countries be aware of biomass-smoke-related @entity358 .

title: Case report: a case of wood-smoke-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['global burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease', 'abnormalities of the lung parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary disease']


abstract: Not later than two synapses after their arrival in the cerebellar cortex all excitatory afferent signals are subsequently transformed into inhibitory ones. Guaranteed by the exceedingly ordered and stereotyped synaptic arrangement of its cellular elements, the cerebellar cortex transmits this inhibitory result of cerebellar integration exclusively via Purkinje cells (PCs) in a precise temporal succession directly onto the target neurons of the deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. Thus the cerebellar cortex seems to produce a temporal pattern of inhibitory influence on these target neurons that modifies their excitatory action in such a way that an activation of muscle fibers occurs which progressively integrates the intended motion into the actual condition of the motoric inventory. In consequence, disturbances that affect this cerebellar inhibition will cause uncoordinated, decomposed and @entity2055 , commonly referred to as @entity6447 . Electrophysiological investigations using different cerebellar @entity19 mutants have shown that alterations in the cerebellar inhibitory input in the target nuclei lead to diverse neuronal responses and to different consequences for the behavioural phenotype. A dependence between the reconstitution of inhibition and the behavioural outcome seems to exist. Obviously two different basic mechanisms are responsible for these observations: (1) ineffective inhibition on target neurons by surviving PCs; and (2) enhancement of intranuclear inhibition in the deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. Which of the two strategies evolves is dependent upon the composition of the residual cell types in the cerebellum and on the degree of PC input loss in a given area of the target nuclei. Motor behaviour seems to deteriorate under the first of these mechanisms whereas it may benefit from the second. This is substantiated by stereotaxic removal of the remaining PC input, which eliminates the influence of the first mechanism and is able to induce the second strategy. As a consequence, motor performance improves considerably. In this review, results leading to the above conclusions are presented and links forged to @entity1 @entity76 .

title: Mutant XXXX as a model for @entity6447 .

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar diseases']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxic movements']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical outcome and pharmacokinetics of therapy with @entity7048 for @entity1 with @entity2688 in a hospital-in-the-home (HIH) program. DESIGN: Observational study with outcome data compared with previously published reports of therapy for @entity2688 . SETTING: A university teaching hospital and HIH unit, July 1996-December 1997. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity2688 were eligible for inclusion provided their medical condition was stable, they did not require surgical intervention, and their social circumstances allowed home-based therapy. INTERVENTION: @entity7048 2 g intravenously twice daily, with regular nursing and medical assessment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical efficacy; peak and trough serum concentrations of @entity7048 . RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 (37 were @entity1 ) with a mean age of 48 years (range, 18-90 years) had 61 episodes of moderate to severe @entity2688 (41, lower limb; 17, upper limb; and three, face). They received a median of 11 doses of @entity7048 (range, 3-27 doses). Clinical outcomes were: cure in 54, improvement in one, treatment failure in three, and in the remaining three episodes the outcome was indeterminate. @entity7048 concentrations were measured in 27 @entity1 . All peak concentrations were more than 40 micrograms/mL, while trough concentrations were all above the MIC90 of the expected pathogens: median, 3.2 micrograms/mL (range: 0.4-18.5 micrograms/mL). @entity7048 was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Twice-daily @entity7048 2 g intravenously is a convenient and effective option for home-based treatment of @entity1 with @entity2688 . Its clinical efficacy is comparable with other treatment regimens.

title: Home-based treatment of XXXX with twice-daily @entity7048 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefazolin', 'cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

answer: @entity2688 :: (MESH:D002481,Disease) :: ['cellulitis']


abstract: @entity299 was produced in @entity35 by means of 1) aorto-caval @entity292 (A-V @entity292 ), 2) coronary ligation, or 3) coronary embolization. Eleven to twelve weeks later, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was evaluated by ventriculography and compared with normal controls. A-V @entity292 decreased LVEF by 13% and @entity5691 (CO) by 82%. Coronary ligation and embolization produced a greater decrease in LVEF (-36% and -30%) and a decrease in CO (-36% and -29%). Systemic vascular resistance was significantly decreased in the A-V @entity292 (-47%) model but increased in both ligation and embolization models (by 99 and 87%). LV end-diastolic volume was increased in @entity292 or ligation (by 68 and 36%), whereas there was no change in @entity35 with embolization. LV end-systolic volume and LV end-diastolic pressure were significantly increased in all three models. Plasma @entity12579 was increased by 676% with @entity292 , 212% with ligation, and 113% with embolization. There was no significant change in plasma @entity3449 activity or @entity2661 in any of the models. We concluded that coronary embolization and ligation are effective methods of producing chronic @entity409 in @entity35 , as evidenced by the significant decrease in LVEF. On the other hand, A-V @entity292 is an appropriate model of @entity1283 with greatly increased plasma @entity12579 , but @entity299 was minimal as indicated by the mild decrease in LVEF.

title: Ventriculographic evaluation in three @entity35 models of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic factor']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction', 'Chronic cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac dysfunction']


abstract: The effect of supplementation of @entity270 (2025 IU animal(-1) day(-1)) in the diet of beef bulls on the colour stability of pasteurized beef ham was studied. Control and enriched diets were provided for the last 136 days before slaughter. Pasteurized hams were manufactured from Mm. semitendinosus from eight animals per dietary group. Half of the samples of sliced ham from control (CON) and supplemented (SUP) bulls were packaged under vacuum (VAC) and half in low- @entity26 modified atmosphere packs ( @entity6556 , gas mixture: @entity515 /N(2)=50/50). The packages were kept under constant illumination for 28 days at 8  C. During storage, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) reached a maximum of 5x10(7) g(-1). The microflora was dominated by @entity880 bacteria. The supplementation with @entity270 showed no effect on microbial growth. Lipid oxidation was stable during storage. A significant difference between both dietary groups was detected for the decrease in the redness values during storage. Redness values of CON vacuum-packaged samples decreased (P < 0.01) with time, whereas those for the SUP products only tended to decrease. The redness values of @entity6556 -packed ham were higher than those of VAC-packed ham at the end of the display period, irrespective of the dietary group. Overall, colour appeared to be more stable in the @entity6556 -packed products than in the VAC-packed products. It can be concluded that dietary supplementation of bulls with @entity270 appears to offer only a minor improvement in colour stability over current feeding regimens when the Mm. semitendinosus are used to make cured, pasteurized ham-type products.

title: Effects of dietary XXXX supplementation and packaging on the colour stability of sliced pasteurized beef ham.

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: To increase the complete response (CR) rate of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity135 after three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, we added sequential @entity1499 to the combination of @entity900 and continuous infusion @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). We also evaluated the feasibility of administering three additional cycles of the same regimen as adjuvant chemotherapy. Thirty-eight @entity1 were treated; the median age was 53 years and 36 @entity1 had stage IV disease. Chemotherapy consisted of @entity1499 120 mg/m2 followed 24 hours later by @entity900 100 mg/m2 and a five-day continuous infusion of @entity1487 at 1,000 mg/m2/d. Of 34 @entity1 evaluable for response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, nine had a CR, 21 a partial response (PR), two a minimal response (MR), and one @entity1 each @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and no response (NR). Of 31 @entity1 who received local therapy, 15 were treated with surgery and radiotherapy and 16 with radiotherapy alone. Of 25 @entity1 eligible to receive adjuvant chemotherapy only ten received all three intended cycles, while 15 received less or no adjuvant chemotherapy because of @entity1 refusal, cumulative @entity137 , or early disease progression. With a median follow-up time of 39 months, the median survival is estimated to be 20 months. Of eight @entity1 with @entity13382 , none has had disease recurrence. @entity1 with good initial performance status and low N-stage also had a significant survival advantage. Chemotherapy-related @entity137 consisted mainly of @entity33 , requiring @entity1487 dose reduction in the majority of @entity1 ; similar @entity137 were exacerbated in the adjuvant setting. The addition of @entity1499 did not increase the CR rate over what has been reported for the combination of @entity900 and @entity1487 alone. Certain subsets of @entity1 appear to have a good prognosis when treated in this fashion. The administration of adequate adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity135 remains difficult due to @entity137 and poor @entity1 compliance.

title: Neoadjuvant and adjuvant XXXX , @entity900 , and @entity1487 in multimodal therapy of @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity13382 :: ('MESH:D010255', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal or paranasal sinus cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: In the case of a severe @entity3145 with a @entity3384 , a composite graft can be useful for columellar lengthening or to create symmetrical nostrils. The current study used composite grafts to correct secondary @entity3384 with a severe @entity3145 or severe nostril asymmetry. A total of 19 @entity1 who were born with complete cleft type were operated between 1995 and 1999. Of these @entity1 , 10 were @entity1 and 9 were @entity1 , and the age distribution was 7 to 35 years old. In 9 @entity1 with @entity3384 and in 6 @entity1 with @entity3384 , columellar lengthening was performed using a composite graft taken from the helix in 14 @entity1 and the contralateral alar rim in 1 @entity1 . In 4 @entity1 with severely asymmetrical nostrils resulting from a short alar rim in @entity3384 , the ear helix was used in 2 @entity1 , whereas in the other two @entity1 , the alar rim of the unaffected side was transferred to the affected side to create a symmetrical nostril by reducing the length of the ala on the unaffected side. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 3 years, and results were as follows: Four days after the graft, the composite tissue exhibited a pinkish color, and complete survival was confirmed after 7 days. The absorption rate was approximately 10% and the color mismatch became minimal with time. Composite tissue from the ear was found to be useful for full-layer reconstruction of the ala and columella because of its stiffness, thin nature, and similarity. Composite tissue from the alar rim on the contralateral side was also determined to be a good material for full-layer reconstruction of the deficient ala.

title: Correction of severe XXXX using a composite graft: current approach and review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip nasal deformities', 'unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities', 'secondary cleft lip nasal deformity', 'bilateral cleft lip nasal deformities']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue deficiency']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['secondary cleft lip nasal deformity']


abstract: Objective: To test the hypothesis that coronary artery reperfusion performed too late to reduce @entity1188 size improves survival by altering left ventricular remodeling and preventing progressive @entity5988 . Background: Several clinical trials have suggested that late coronary artery reperfusion without infaret size reduction is associated with a survival benefit. Although the mechanism is not known, survival benefits could be related to decreased @entity1188 expansion associated with late coronary artery reperfusion. @entity1188 expansion results in decreased left ventricular volume, and the resulting decreased wall stress could prevent or attenuate progressive @entity5988 and improve survival. Methods: @entity35 (n = 84) were randomized to undergo sham operation, permanent left coronary artery ligation, or 2 hours of left coronary artery ligation followed by reperfusion. Ten weeks later, hemodynandic measurements were made before and after volume loading. The @entity35 were killed, the hearts were removed, and passive pressure-volume curves were obtained. The hearts were fixed at a constant pressure and analyzed morphometrically. Results: When examined 10 weeks after experimental @entity583 late eperfusion's effects on left ventricular remodeling resulted in reduced left ventricular volume when compared to hearts with @entity1188 supplied by a permanently occluded coronary artery (1.9 +/- 0.1 ml/kg vs. 2.1 +/- 0.2 ml/kg; p < 0.01). Although there was a trend toward less thinning along (0.95 +/- 0.13 mm vs. 1.00 +/- 0.10 mm; p = NS) and less expansion (2.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.9; p = NS) in reperfused hearts compared to hearts with a permanently occluded coronary artery, changes in @entity1188 shape 10 weeks after @entity1188 were not significantly different. Reperfusion's beneficial effects on remodeling of noninfarcted myocardiurn were associated with improved survival. Mortality was higher in the permanently occluded @entity35 than in the reperfused @entity35 (35% vs. 12%; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Late coronary artery reperfusion has a beneficial effect on remodeling of noninfarcted myocardum that results in reduced left ventricular volume in @entity35 hearts examined 10 weeks after @entity1188 . These beneficial effects on left ventricular remodeling are associated with improved survival.

title: Effects of Late Coronary Artery Reperfusion on Left Ventricular Remodeling Persist for 10 Weeks After Experimental XXXX @entity583 and Are Associated with Improved Survival.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased infarct', 'infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: DNA methylation patterns are a critical component of the epigenetic machinery that controls the expression of genetic programs in vertebrates. DNA methyltransferase gene ( @entity14923 ) encodes the enzyme catalyzing the methylation of DNA during replication. We tested the hypothesis that the expression of @entity14923 is regulated with the developmental state of neuronal cells. We show that DNA methyltransferase ( @entity14923 ) activity is sharply reduced 4 days after induction of differentiation of PC12 cells with @entity2137 . Similarly, the adult brain expresses reduced levels of @entity14923 activity. We propose that the level of @entity14923 is downregulated to adjust the activity of the DNA methyltransferase to a different role in mature post-mitotic neurons. Both the abundance of @entity14923 mRNA as well as the @entity14923 polypeptide are downregulated. Downregulation of @entity14923 parallels other indicators of withdrawal from the cell cycle such as induction of @entity7504 , and downregulation of the S phase maker @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ). The temporal pattern of downregulation of @entity14923 in @entity2137 ( @entity2137 )-induced PC12 cells is different from myotube differentiation where downregulation of DNA methyltransferase and demethylation is an early event and was proposed to play a causal role in differentiation. We propose that @entity2137 differentiation of PC12 cells represents a different paradigm of involvement of DNA methylation in terminal differentiation.

title: Downregulation of DNA (cytosine-5-)methyltransferase is a late event in XXXX -induced PC12 cell differentiation.

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

answer: @entity2137 :: (310738(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NGF']


abstract: Excess activated FXIa in plasma indicates @entity49 in the early contact phase. We have already developed methods for detecting the hypercoagulable state in clinical samples by our ELISA for complexed FXIa and @entity6417 , which has been confirmed to be the predominant inhibitor of FXIa. In @entity6 , whether the activation of FXI is associated with the development of @entity455 remains unknown, although various @entity4461 have been described. We tested the complexed FXIa- @entity6417 level in 45 @entity2175 @entity1 , who were divided into three groups according to the development of @entity2316 , as assessed by UAE. Normoalbuminuria was defined as UAE < 15 micrograms/min, microalbuminuria as UAE in the range of 15-200 micrograms/min, and @entity633 as UAE > 200 micrograms/min. In the @entity1 as a whole, FXIa- @entity6417 and TAT levels were significantly increased compared with these levels in age-matched control subjects (17.3 +/- 5.7 vs. 12.4 +/- 2.4 ng/ml and 2.67 +/- 1.23 vs. 1.93 +/- 0.45 ng/ml, respectively). No significant difference was observed between FXIa- @entity6417 levels in the control subjects and in the normoalbuminuric group (13.0 +/- 2.1 ng/ml; n = 19). However, in the microalbuminuric (17.9 +/- 3.9 ng/ml; n = 16) and albuminuric (24.1 +/- 5.4 ng/ml; n = 10) groups, FXIa- @entity6417 levels were significantly increased compared with those in the control and normoalbuminuric group. The TAT level was not correlated with FXIa- @entity6417 , and no significant differences in its levels were found among these diabetic groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Elevation of factor XIa-alpha 1-antitrypsin complex levels in @entity2175 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['hemostatic abnormalities']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether race, gender, and the Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB) illness severity score are predictors of threshold or severe prethreshold @entity989 warranting surgery ( @entity6109 warranting surgery) and whether racial and gender differences in @entity6109 are correlated with racial and gender differences in illness severity. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of premature @entity1 401-1250 g at birth that were admitted to the University Hospital of Cincinnati (January 1998 to May 2003). Birth weight, gestational age, multiple birth, birth in the study hospital or elsewhere, race, gender, CRIB score, and eye findings were abstracted. The outcome variable was @entity6109 warranting surgery. RESULTS: Of 299 @entity1 (596 eyes) with adequate eye and CRIB data, 35 @entity1 (11.7%) [66 eyes; 11.1%] developed @entity6109 warranting surgery. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that higher CRIB score (P < 0.0001; odds ratio [OR] 1.21), male gender (P < 0.005; OR: 2.68), nonblack race (P < 0.0005; OR: 4.32), lower gestational age, and multiple birth are predictive factors for @entity6109 warranting surgery. Because birth weight and gestational age comprise 2 of the 6 components of the CRIB score, a CRIB subscore (CRIBSUB) consisting of the remaining 4 components was tested and remained a significant predictor (P < 0.00001). Birth weight was a significant predictor when CRIBSUB was in the model but not when the CRIB score was used. The CRIB score was a predictor of neonatal mortality, but race and gender did not predict the CRIB score or neonatal mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Nonblack race, male gender, and higher CRIB illness severity scores are predictors of @entity6109 warranting surgery. In our population, there were no racial or gender differences in neonatal mortality or CRIB scores to explain the racial and gender differences in severity of @entity6109 .

title: Race, gender, and clinical risk index for babies (CRIB) score as predictors of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy and safety of @entity2445 with placebo in @entity1 with probable @entity195 . DESIGN: A 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. SETTING: Outpatients at 23 centers. @entity1 : @entity1 and @entity1 with probable @entity195 , at least 50 years old, mildly to moderately impaired, without other significant medical conditions. INTERVENTIONS: In the initial 6 weeks, @entity1 received placebo, 20 mg/d of @entity2445 , or 40 mg/d of @entity2445 . In the second 6 weeks, half received the same treatment and half increased @entity2445 dose: those receiving placebo increased to 20 mg/d, those receiving 20 mg/d increased to 40 mg/d, and those receiving 40 mg/d increased to 80 mg/d. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity195 Assessment Scale ( @entity11509 ) cognitive component and clinician-rated Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC). RESULTS: Four hundred sixty-eight @entity1 entered. After 12 weeks, dose-related improvement was significant on the @entity11509 cognitive (P = .014), clinician-rated CGIC (P = .014), and caregiver-rated CGIC (P = .006). Comparison of 80 mg/d with placebo showed significant improvement on the @entity11509 cognitive (P = .015), clinician-rated CGIC (P = .016), and caregiver-rated CGIC (P = .028). Significant effects appeared as early as 6 weeks on the @entity11509 cognitive and caregiver-rated CGIC. Among @entity1 receiving 80 mg/d of @entity2445 , 51% achieved a four-point or greater improvement of the @entity11509 cognitive component after 12 weeks of treatment. Reversible asymptomatic transaminase elevations greater than three times normal occurred in 25% of @entity1 . Other treatment-related events included @entity1209 (8%), @entity294 (5%), @entity490 (4%), @entity2210 (3%), and @entity1910 (3%). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the efficacy and safety of @entity2445 in some @entity1 with @entity195 . After 12 weeks, the magnitude of the treatment effect is clinically important and recognized by the physician and caregiver. @entity99 is reversible and easily detected by weekly @entity493 aminotransferase determinations.

title: A controlled trial of @entity2445 in XXXX . The @entity2445 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2445 :: ('MESH:D013619', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrine', 'tacrine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver toxicity']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and/or vomiting']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of inhibiting the formation of the @entity1437 products of @entity1426 by the @entity1437 inhibitor zileuton in the treatment of mild-to-moderate @entity565 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: University hospitals and private @entity566 and pulmonary practices. @entity1 : A total of 139 @entity1 with @entity565 who had a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 40% to 75% of the predicted value and who were not being treated with inhaled or oral @entity230 . INTERVENTION: Zileuton, 2.4 g/d or 1.6 g/d, or placebo for 4 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Airway function, beta-agonist use, and symptoms; inhibition of @entity1437 assessed by measurement of urinary @entity11130 (LTE4). RESULTS: Zileuton produced a 0.35-L (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.45 L) increase in the FEV1 within 1 hour of administration (P < 0.001 compared with placebo), equivalent to a 14.6% increase from baseline. After 4 weeks of zileuton therapy, airway function and symptoms improved, with the greatest improvements occurring in the 2.4 g/d group: This group's FEV1 increased by 0.32 L (CI, 0.16 to 0.48 L), a 13.4% increase, compared with a 0.05-L (CI, -0.10 to 0.20 L) increase in @entity1 taking placebo (P = 0.02). Symptoms and frequency of beta-agonist use also decreased with @entity7365 , 2.4 g/d. The mean urinary @entity11130 level decreased by 39.2 pg/mg @entity1011 (CI, 18.1 to 60.4 pg/mg @entity1011 ) and 26.5 pg/mg @entity1011 (CI, 6.6 to 46.5 pg/mg @entity1011 ) in the 2.4 g/d and 1.6 g/d groups, respectively, compared with a slight increase in the placebo group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.05). No difference was noted in the number of adverse events among treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of @entity1437 can improve airway function and decrease symptoms and medication use in @entity1 with @entity565 , suggesting that this inhibition can be useful therapy for @entity565 . Also, @entity1437 products may mediate part of the baseline @entity1224 in @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity565 .

title: The effect of inhibition of XXXX by zileuton in mild-to-moderate @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity7365 :: ('MESH:C063449', 'Chemical') :: ['zileuton']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity11130 :: ('MESH:D017999', 'Chemical') :: ['LTE4', 'leukotriene E4']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1437 :: (240,Gene) :: ['5-lipoxygenase']


abstract: 1. This study in conscious @entity235 examined the effects of extracellular volume expansion on plasma antidiuretic hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide and @entity1369 concentrations, plasma @entity1122 activity, and haemodynamic and renal responses during controlled mechanical ventilation with 20 cm @entity2507 positive end-expiratory pressure. 2. Twenty experiments (10 controls, 10 expansion experiments with 0.5 ml min-1 kg-1 body weight of a balanced electrolyte solution given intravenously throughout) were performed in five trained, conscious, tracheotomized @entity235 over 4 h: first and fourth hour, spontaneous @entity1353 ; second and third hour, 20 cm @entity2507 positive end-expiratory pressure. 3. In the control experiments positive end-expiratory pressure increased plasma antidiuretic hormone concentration from 1.4 +/- 0.2 to 10.0 +/- 3.3 pg/ml, plasma @entity1369 concentration from 113 +/- 19 to 258 +/- 58 pg/ml and heart rate from 77 +/- 5 to 94 +/- 5 beats/min. Positive end-expiratory pressure did not change plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration (55 +/- 5 pg/ml), plasma @entity1122 activity (2.6 +/- 0.4 pmol of angiotensin I h-1 ml-1) and mean arterial pressure 103 +/- 3 mmHg). 4. In the expansion experiments, positive end-expiratory pressure did not change plasma antidiuretic hormone concentration (1.1 +/- 0.1 pg/ml), plasma @entity1369 concentration (25 +/- 2 pg/ml), plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration (82 +/- 8 pg/ml), plasma @entity1122 activity (0.8 +/- 0.15 pmol of angiotensin I h-1 ml-1), heart rate (92 +/- 6 beats/min) and mean arterial pressure (111 +/- 4 mmHg). 5. In the control experiments, urine volume, sodium excretion and fractional @entity1372 excretion remained in a low range during positive end-expiratory pressure, whereas @entity972 excretion increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Extracellular volume expansion inhibits antidiuretic hormone increase during positive end-expiratory pressure in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Accurate @entity1 selection based on preoperative imaging is imperative to good risk reduction in @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy of @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (GE MRA) versus @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) MRA in the work-up of @entity1 undergoing CEA. @entity1 undergoing CEA between 1999 and 2001 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database. GE or @entity1054 MRA was obtained on extracranial carotid arteries (n = 319) in @entity1 undergoing CEA. @entity850 on MRA images was graded as moderate (n = 76) or severe (n = 243) by an attending radiologist who was blind to duplex results. Duplex imaging was performed in an Intersocietal Commission for the Accreditation of Vascular Labs (ICAVL) accredited lab, and @entity850 was stratified as moderate (50-79%, n = 76) or high (80-99%, n = 243) grade using University of Washington criteria. For each @entity1 , the degree of @entity850 as determined by MRA (GE versus @entity1054 ) was compared to percent @entity850 on duplex. For moderate-grade lesions, GE MRA concurred with duplex in 11.1% (4/36), underestimated in 2.8% (1/36), and overestimated in 86.1% (31/36) of carotid arteries imaged. @entity1054 MRA concurred with duplex in 35% (14/40), underestimated in 0% (0/40), and overestimated in 65% (26/40) of carotid arteries. High-grade lesions demonstrated improved concordance between MRA and duplex. For these lesions, GE MRA concurred with duplex in 95.6% (130/136) of carotid arteries imaged, never @entity850 (0/136), and underestimated in 4.4% (6/136). @entity1054 MRA concurred with duplex 96.3% (103/107), @entity850 as an occlusion in 0.9% (1/107), and underestimated in 2.8% (3/107). In addition to neck visualization, the GE technique allowed simultaneous aortic arch imaging. This was accomplished in 79.1% (136/172) of all GE MRAs. Simultaneous aortic arch imaging was not technically feasible with @entity1054 MRA. For moderate-grade lesions, both MR techniques are inaccurate predictors of degree of @entity543 and result in a significant overestimation of @entity850 . Each technique demonstrates improved concordance with duplex ultrasound in the setting of severe carotid artery stenoses. The ability of GE MRA to simultaneously image the aortic arch and the neck may allow for detection of occult tandem lesions and other anatomic variations, which may be particularly important in preoperative planning for carotid artery stenting.

title: @entity2287 -enhanced versus XXXX magnetic resonance angiography: what is the benefit of contrast enhancement in evaluating @entity543 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['overestimated stenosis', 'Stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['time-of-flight', 'TOF']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity1054 :: (MESH:D000377,Disease) :: ['time-of-flight']


abstract: The activity of @entity900 (CP, range of concentrations 0.25-1 microg/ml), the pure steroidal antiestrogen compound @entity1299 (range of concentrations, 0.01-10 microM) and various combinations of, was investigated on an @entity172 receptor negative @entity43 cell line (A2780 @entity7097 ) and its CP-resistant derivative subline (A2780 CP3). CP markedly reduced A2780 @entity7097 cell growth but marginally affected A2780 CP3, whereas @entity1299 was effective on both cell lines. CP but not @entity1299 provoked a significant blockade in late S/G(2) phase in both cell lines, particularly in the parental line. Measuring the number of rounds of cell replications showed that CP diminished the cell replication rate of both cell lines, particularly in A2780 @entity7097 . Conversely, @entity1299 reduced the cell replication rate of A2780 CP3 but not A2780 @entity7097 cells. Both drugs provoked apoptosis in A2780 @entity7097 cells, as assessed by the appearance of large (50-300 kbp) DNA fragmentation. However, laser scanning cytometry showed that only CP induced a measurable alteration of chromatin texture in A2780 @entity7097 but not in A2780 CP3 cells. The combination CP and @entity1299 resulted in a synergistic inhibitory activity of cell growth with a CP potentiation up to 4 and 11-fold in A2780 @entity7097 and A2780 CP3 cells, respectively. This reflected an enhanced reduction of the cell replication rate and did not involve perturbations of the cell cycle other than those provoked by CP alone. Apoptosis induction and the level of CP-DNA adducts were not influenced by adding @entity1299 to CP in both cell lines.

title: Activity of XXXX and @entity1299 on @entity172 receptor negative @entity43 cells: cell cycle and cell replication rate perturbation, chromatin texture alteration and apoptosis induction.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The pathophysiology and treatment of @entity308 involves @entity1154 neurotransmitters and the @entity1760 ( @entity4612 )-modulated monoaminergic pathway. Serum and platelet @entity4612 concentrations and platelet @entity750 concentrations were measured in 79 @entity308 @entity1 who had attempted suicide, and 101 @entity1 without suicidal behaviour, according to the ICD-10 diagnoses F 33.2 and F32.2, with or without intentional self-harm (X60-X84). The control group consisted of 77 voluntary blood donors. The platelet @entity750 concentration was determined using the competitive enzyme immunoassay test: @entity4612 concentrations in platelets and serum were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The ANOVA test showed significantly lower serum @entity4612 in the group of @entity308 @entity1 who had attempted suicide (N  =  257, F  =  8.32, p<0.001), compared to @entity308 @entity1 who had not, and the control group. Serum albumin was lower in the group of @entity308 @entity1 who had attempted suicide and showed a significant, positive correlation with serum @entity4612 concentrations. Platelet @entity4612 concentrations were found to be higher in @entity308 @entity1 who had not attempted suicide (N  =  257, F  =  3.90, p  =  0.012) compared to the control group, with no difference compared to @entity308 @entity1 who had attempted suicide. The Kruskal Wallis test (N  =  257, H  =  48.54, p<0.0001) showed the lowest concentration of platelet @entity750 in the groups of @entity308 @entity1 with and without suicidal behaviour, compared to the healthy control group. A positive correlation was found between platelet @entity4612 and @entity750 concentrations only in the healthy control group. In conclusion, differences were observed in serum and platelet @entity4612 concentrations, which represent progress in the study of @entity4612 status and its relation to @entity750 .

title: Platelet XXXX and @entity1760 concentrations in suicidal and non-suicidal @entity308 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In the absence of a validated "user-friendly" method of scoring @entity565 severity, the authors derived the pulmonary score (PS). The purpose of this study was to begin validation trials of the PS by comparing it with the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). METHODS: The study enrolled a convenience sample of @entity1 , aged 5-17 years, who came to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) for treatment of an acute @entity565 exacerbation. The PEFR (best of three attempts) and the PS were measured before and after the first @entity3045 treatment by a physician and a nurse from a pool of 45 trained observers. The PS includes respiratory rate, wheezing, and retractions, each rated on a 0-3 scale. Decreasing PS and increasing PEFR indicate clinical improvement. Pre- and post-treatment PEFRs and PSs were compared using paired t-tests to establish construct validity. Correlation of pre- and post-treatment PSs with PEFRs was measured to establish criterion validity. RESULTS: Forty-six subjects completed the study. Mean percent predicted PEFR improved after treatment by 20.7% (p = 0.0001), and mean PS by 1.5 for nursing-obtained scores (p < 0.0001) and 1.9 for physician-obtained scores (p < 0.0001). Pre- and post-treatment PSs were significantly correlated with PEFRs. Correlations for the nursing-obtained scores were pre-treatment r = -0.57 (p = 0.0003) and post-treatment r = -0.67 (p = 0.0001), and for the physician-obtained scores were pre-treatment r = -0.44 (p = 0.003) and post-treatment r = -0.56 (p = 0.0001). The pre-treatment interrater reliability was 0.62 and the post-treatment was 0.53. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the construct and criterion validities of the PS as a measure of @entity565 severity among @entity1 in the @entity341 . The PS is a practical substitute to estimate @entity1224 in @entity1 who are too young or too sick to obtain PEFRs.

title: Validation of the pulmonary score: an XXXX severity score for @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to elucidate the clinical and prognostic characteristics of a homogeneous group of @entity1 with @entity5 of unknown primary (CUP). Between 1999 and 2014, CUP was diagnosed in 159 (1.3%) of 11,742 @entity5 @entity1 at Trakya University Hospital (Edirne, @entity233 ). Ninety-seven (61%) of the 159 @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. Among these, 61 (62.8%) @entity1 with @entity420 were included in this study. The most frequently predicted primary @entity5 site was the lung (37.7%), and 59% of the @entity1 were smokers. There was a significant relationship between smoking and the lung as a potential primary @entity5 site (p = 0.042). The most frequent site of @entity3 was the liver (60.7%). The median number of @entity3 per @entity1 was two, but @entity1 with liver @entity3 had a median of five @entity3 . The overall median survival time was 7 months. Median survival was significantly longer in @entity1 with a predicted primary site than in @entity1 without the predicted site (7 vs. 6 months, respectively; p = 0.038). When the @entity1 with predicted @entity43 were excluded from the comparison, the statistical p value was still close to significant (p = 0.07). Multivariate analysis revealed that smoking, liver @entity3 , serum alkaline phosphatase >= 92 U/L, and progression in response to chemotherapy were independent predictors of a poor prognosis. The present study identified several independent prognostic factors in @entity1 with unknown primary @entity420 who received chemotherapy. Smoking, the presence of liver @entity3 , and response to chemotherapy were independent risk factors for both progression-free and overall survival.

title: Unknown primary XXXX : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and peritoneal tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity5507 have a substantially elevated risk of @entity204 from @entity65 than do the general population. Although uremic and nonuremic groups share some of the risk factors for @entity65 , such as older age, @entity6 , and @entity32 , other factors appear to affect @entity65 in the opposite direction. For example, being overweight and having @entity407 are established risk factors in the general population, whereas lower body mass index and lower plasma @entity165 have been shown to be risk factors for @entity65 in @entity454 ( @entity454 ). This paradoxical phenomenon is explained by two facts: (1) that @entity3147 is a strong predictor of @entity65 in @entity454 and (2) that plasma lipid levels are lowered in @entity3147 . However, it is not known whether @entity731 is promoted by @entity3147 or by low @entity165 level. Because the @entity65 rate is theoretically the product of event rate and fatality rate after an event, risk factors for @entity65 could fall into two categories: those raising the event rate and those affecting the fatality rate. Some factors could work both ways. @entity1 with @entity454 show a significant increase in both event rate and fatality rate. @entity2299 is an independent factor affecting atherosclerotic arterial wall changes and cardiovascular events in @entity454 . Other factors affecting the cardiovascular event rate in @entity454 include @entity6 and an elevated @entity1255 level. In contrast, factors associated with poor survival after an event include @entity6 and @entity417 . @entity3147 could be a factor causing the fatality rate to rise, although there is no direct evidence supporting this possibility. Further studies are needed to show the differential effects of a risk factor on event rate and fatality rate. @entity1 with @entity454 would have a better chance of living longer by better management of the two categories of risk factors.

title: Paradox of risk factors for XXXX in @entity5507 : is a higher @entity165 level better for @entity731 in @entity5507 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['Dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity5507 :: ('MESH:D014511', 'Disease') :: ['chronic uremia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular mortality']


abstract: In this paper we have defined integration as being the health unit team acceptance of responsibility for all aspects of care at the health service/community interface level. The health unit functions within a system whose elements (hospitals, laboratory, pharmacy, etc.) function in complementarity with those of the @entity39194 . Vertical approaches are often adopted because of weaknesses in some elements of the @entity9462 , thereby further undermining such an @entity9462 . The development of innovative community-based approaches in some areas and countries has resulted from this type of situation. However, isolated from the @entity9462 , such approaches cannot be expected to be sustainable or to have long-term impact. Integration is the best choice of approach; it offers a chance to influence the course of the @entity791 epidemic and the response of health systems in each country. The basic structure of the @entity9462 and the characteristics of a @entity39194 are analyzed. The challenge to @entity791 programs is to define more exactly objectives and activities at the operational, interface levels. Based on this analysis, planning of operations should be delegated to the district. Weakness of some elements and aspects of the @entity9462 which are relevant to @entity791 control program implementation can be overcome, not by organizing the program vertically and independently from the @entity9462 , but rather by sharing resources to strengthen the weak elements. Integration may be more difficult in the early stages of implementation, but in the long term it offers sustainable development of @entity791 prevention and control activities.

title: Integration of XXXX program activities into national health systems.

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of thoracic computed tomography (CT) after placement of an endovascular stent-graft for the treatment of descending thoracic aortic @entity439 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1992 to 1996, 85 @entity1 with thoracic aortic @entity439 underwent stent-graft placement. In 63 @entity1 , thoracic CT scans were obtained both before and within 10 days after placement. The CT findings were retrospectively studied, and their clinical effect analyzed. In 20 of 63 @entity1 , long-term follow-up CT findings were also evaluated. RESULTS: After stent-graft placement in the 63 @entity1 , CT demonstrated an increase in @entity1143 in 46 (73%), periaortic changes in 21 (33%), perigraft leak in 13 (21%), @entity891 in six (10%), mural @entity715 within the stent-graft in two (3%), and new @entity1580 in one (2%). The mean maximum diameter of the @entity439 was 58.8 mm before and 60.0 mm after stent-graft insertion. Sixty-two (98%) @entity1 were successfully treated until discharge. Interventional procedures were performed to eliminate the leakage into the @entity439 sac in 10 @entity1 with perigraft flow depicted at CT. Other complications were managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: Thoracic CT is useful in the treatment of @entity1 after stent-graft insertion for the management of descending thoracic aortic @entity439 .

title: Descending thoracic aortic XXXX : thoracic CT findings after endovascular stent-graft placement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gene therapy has shown limited efficacy for treating @entity66 , partly due to temporary gene expression and host immune responses. Such results suggest that gene therapy is ideal for chronic wound treatment where limited duration of target gene expression is required. This study tested the wound healing effects of topically applied platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A or -B chain DNA plasmids embedded within a collagen lattice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four 6-mm dermal @entity1066 wounds were created in the ears of young adult New Zealand White @entity95 made @entity63 by division of the central and rostral arteries. Wounds were treated with lyophilized collagen containing @entity48932 DNA (1.0-3.0 mg), @entity48933 DNA (1.0 mg), irrelevant DNA (1.0 mg), or collagen alone. Wounds were dressed and harvested after 10 days for measurement of granulation tissue formation, epithelialization, and wound closure. Results were evaluated with a paired two-tailed Student t test, with P values < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: @entity48932 DNA increased new granulation tissue (NGT) formation up to 52% and epithelialization 34% compared with controls. Wound closure was increased up to threefold. At 1.0 mg DNA, @entity48933 and @entity48932 stimulated similar responses. No difference in NGT or epithelialization was seen between control groups. CONCLUSIONS: PDGF DNA gene therapy is effective at accelerating wound healing in @entity63 @entity1066 and provides a viable alternative to peptide growth factor therapy.

title: Collagen-embedded platelet-derived growth factor DNA plasmid promotes wound healing in a dermal XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diseases']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic dermal', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: @entity15038 ( @entity14807 ) is a unique @entity2353 accumulated in the sera of @entity177 ( @entity177 ) @entity1 . Surprisingly data on its excretion are lacking. To get an overview, the @entity14807 serum level and urinary excretion were investigated in 73 healthy subjects (C), 16 @entity1 not on dialysis (ND) and 12 hemodialysis @entity1 (D). It was found: (a) @entity14807 accumulates in the sera of both ND and D @entity1 . An inverse power correlation fits best with the relationship between serum @entity14807 and the clearance of endogenous @entity1011 (CCr). The amount of @entity14807 filtered in glomeruli of ND @entity1 increases while it remains practically unchanged in D @entity1 . However, the @entity14807 filtration load of residual nephrons increases with the decreasing CCr as a consequence of its increased serum concentration. (b) Both @entity14807 net resorption and secretion have been found in C subjects. The increased @entity14807 resorption diminishes the necessary increase of @entity14807 urinary excretion both in ND and D @entity1 . The increase of @entity14807 resorption is marked if calculated on residual nephrons. (c) The slightly decreased @entity14807 excretion excludes the participation of its increased synthesis in its accumulation in @entity177 . It is concluded that @entity14807 accumulation in @entity177 is caused by the impairment of its kidney excretion and the increased @entity14807 resorption participates markedly in its retention.

title: XXXX excretion in healthy subjects and its accumulation in @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'RF']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity15038 :: ('MESH:D011560', 'Chemical') :: ['Pseudouridine']

answer: @entity15038 :: (MESH:D011560,Chemical) :: ['Pseudouridine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the recurrence pattern of high-grade @entity11 treated with a multimodal treatment approach and to evaluate whether the @entity1758 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) could be a useful marker for predicting the pattern of failure in @entity463 ( @entity463 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We evaluated histologically confirmed 131 @entity1 with either @entity816 ( @entity816 ) or @entity463 . A median dose was 60 Gy. Concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy were administered to 111 @entity1 . @entity1758 @entity894 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Recurrence patterns were categorized according to the areas of recurrence as follows: central failure (recurrence in the 95% of 60 Gy); in-field (recurrence in the high-dose volume of 50 Gy; marginal (recurrence outside the high-dose volume) and distant (recurrence outside the @entity138 field). RESULTS: The median follow-up durations were 13 months for all @entity1 and 19 months for those remaining alive. Among @entity816 @entity1 , the 2-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 23.1% and 39.2%, respectively, while in @entity463 @entity1 , the rates were 13.3% and 27.6%, respectively. The median survival time was 20 months for @entity816 @entity1 and 15 months for @entity463 @entity1 . Among @entity816 @entity1 , recurrences were central in 68.7% of @entity1 ; in-field, 18.8%; and distant, 12.5%, while among @entity463 @entity1 , 69.0% of recurrences were central, 15.5% were in-field, 12.1% were marginal, and 3.4% were distant. The @entity1758 @entity894 medians were 18.2% in @entity816 and 29.8% in @entity463 . Interestingly, in @entity1 with @entity463 , the @entity1758 @entity894 had a strong effect on the pattern of failure (P = 0.014), while the extent of surgical removal (P = 0.47) and regimens of chemotherapy (P = 0.57) did not. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1758 @entity894 predominantly affected the pattern of failure in @entity463 @entity1 treated with a multimodal approach, and it might be a useful tool for the management of the disease.

title: Patterns of failure after multimodal treatments for high-grade @entity11 : effectiveness of @entity1758 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GB', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity894 :: (MESH:C566784,Disease) :: ['labeling index']


abstract: We have demonstrated that conjunctival epithelium of SS @entity1 displays increased numbers of S-phase cells compared with @entity936 controls. Moreover, in SS @entity1 , these S-phase cells are distributed throughout all strata of the epithelium. The expression of @entity2355 , a cell surface marker indicative of terminally differentiated epithelium, is localized to the conjunctival epithelial surface in SS and control @entity1 . However, @entity2355 surface immunoreactivity appears to be reduced in SS epithelium, suggesting disruption of normal epithelial differentiation. A @entity2355 epitope exposed by pretreatment with @entity689 is expressed in the basal and suprabasal layers of both @entity1 populations. This antigen likely represents nascent, partially processed @entity10224 and may serve as a marker of the preterminally differentiated epithelial phenotype. Messenger RNA encoding several different inflammatory cytokines, including @entity310 , @entity1192 and beta, @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 , and @entity2533 , is expressed at elevated levels within the conjunctival epithelium of SS @entity1 compared with @entity936 controls. Based on these observations, we have formulated a model to explain the ocular surface pathology of @entity244 . We hypothesize that mechanical abrasion secondary to @entity937 creates an inflammatory environment where conjunctival epithelial cells and lymphocytes are stimulated to produce and secrete various cytokines (i.e., @entity1192 , @entity310 , @entity650 , @entity687 , etc.) into the tear film. Elevated cytokine levels within the tear film, perhaps combined with reduced concentrations of essential lacrimal gland-derived factors (i.e., EGF, @entity904 ), create an environment in which terminal differentiation of the ocular surface epithelium is impaired. As a consequence, the epithelium becomes @entity5072 , displaying increased mitotic activity, and loses the ability to express mature protective surface molecules including the membrane-bound @entity3558 , @entity2355 . This would imply that anti-inflammatory medications (i.e., @entity288 or @entity205 ) that suppress the inflammatory component of this cascade may ameliorate the @entity2194 and discomfort experienced by SS @entity1 .

title: Alterations of ocular surface gene expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular surface disease']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous tear deficiency']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['non-dry eye']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Sj  gren's syndrome']


abstract: Freely dissolved pore water concentrations are difficult to assess in complex matrixes such as soils or sediments. In this study, a negligible-depletion partitioning-based sampling technique was applied to measure freely dissolved pore water concentrations. A @entity13768 ( @entity16549 )-coated glass fiber was exposed to a slurry of a soil spiked with several @entity2556 at concentrations ranging from 2 to 2000 mg/kg. @entity2556 -concentrations in the @entity16549 coating increased linearly with the total soil concentration until a certain maximum was reached. Freely dissolved pore water concentrations were calculated using @entity16549 -water partition coefficients, and the calculated maximum pore water concentrations corresponded with the aqueous solubility of the tested compounds. Furthermore, the sampling technique is very sensitive because it can detect freely dissolved pore water concentrations in the ng/L range for the tested @entity2556 . Freely dissolved pore water concentrations are an important parameter for the exposure of organisms in soil. Saturation of the pore water with increasing soil concentrations should therefore be considered in soil @entity137 testing. Sorption coefficients that were calculated from freely dissolved concentrations were slightly higher than estimates based on @entity10333 -water partition coefficients. These differences are discussed in relation to the effects of dissolved organic matter in soil pore water on the determination of sorption coefficients.

title: Freely dissolved concentrations of XXXX in soil pore water: measurements via solid-phase extraction and consequences for soil tests.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(dimethylsiloxane)']

answer: @entity2556 :: (CHEBI:33848,Chemical) :: ['PAHs']


abstract: As aerobic creatures, normal living requires that not only are @entity1 beings exposed to @entity26 but are dependent on @entity26 . @entity1 have evolved mechanisms to cope with living in an aerobic environment; however, modern @entity1 may be more exposed to oxidant stresses. Much indirect evidence implicates reactive @entity26 species in diseases such as @entity5 and @entity731 . There are also other diseases that are influenced by oxidative balance, including the normal process of aging. Common environmental factors that could cause oxidative stress include a low intake of dietary antioxidants, a high intake of @entity1474 , and exposure to @entity1787 , ionizing radiation, and cigarette smoke. The recent development of overall measures of oxidant status, such as breath @entity28579 ; highly sophisticated measures, such as electron spin resonance and specific measures of base damage to DNA by mass spectrometry; and other methods will allow much more specific data to be collected on the importance of reactive @entity26 species in many disease states. Such measures can serve as end points for a variety of studies in experimental animals and @entity1 that will allow for the testing of many potential prooxidant and antioxidant compounds. Other important evidence will be available soon from, for example, large scale chemoprevention trials that are currently under way. As an indicator of the increased interest in oxidant balance, several reference laboratories now have nutritional biochemistry sections that offer measurement of specific free-radical scavenging enzymes. These enzyme measures complement the more routinely available measurements of trace element and antioxidant nutrients.

title: Role of free radicals in @entity5 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Surgery and anesthetic method have immunomodulating effects on hemodynamic response and stress. We compared the effects of 2 intraoperative analgesic regimens on @entity1 undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized double-blind trial in ASA 1 and 2 @entity1 undergoing abdominal hysterectomy under balanced anesthesia. Twenty-nine @entity1 were randomized to 2 groups. One group received analgesia by infusion of @entity1937 plus @entity1286 and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as rescue medications; the other received conventional analgesia with bolus doses of @entity3575 according to changes in hemodynamic variables. We measured levels of proinflammatory (interleukin [IL]-6) and antiinflammatory ( @entity688 ) cytokines, @entity701 , and @entity1851 preoperatively, at incision, and at 1, 4 and 24 hours after surgery. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of the markers studied at baseline. In each group, however, there were significant changes from baseline at the various points in time. @entity650 and @entity688 levels were significantly elevated (P < .05) at 4 hours. The changes in @entity701 levels were significantly different at 1 and 4 hours. Finally, there were significant increases in @entity1851 at 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike other clinical trials, our study detected no differences between the 2 techniques in response to surgical stress evaluated by analyzing concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, @entity701 , and @entity1851 .

title: [Stress response under continuous infusion of @entity1937 compared to bolus doses of XXXX assessed by levels of cytokines, @entity1851 , and @entity701 during and after abdominal hysterectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and @entity3876 , respectively) represent autocrine/paracrine factors and are accumulated in pericardial fluid. BACKGROUND: ANP and @entity3876 , systemic hormones produced by the heart, have elevated circulating levels in @entity1 with @entity712 . Recent evidence suggests that the heart itself is one of the target organs for these peptides. METHODS: With an immunoreactive radiometric assay, we measured the concentrations of these peptides in plasma and pericardial fluid simultaneously in 28 @entity1 during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. RESULTS: The pericardial levels of @entity3876 were markedly elevated in @entity1 with @entity1002 . We investigated the correlation of ANP and @entity3876 levels in plasma or pericardial fluid with left ventricular hemodynamic variables. None of the hemodynamic variables correlated with ANP levels in plasma or pericardial fluid. Both plasma and pericardial fluid levels of @entity3876 were significantly related to left ventricular end-diastolic and systolic volume indexes (LVEDVI and LVESVI, respectively). In addition, @entity3876 pericardial fluid levels had closer relations with LVEDVI (r = 0.679, p < 0.0001) and LVESVI (r = 0.686, p < 0.0001) than did @entity3876 plasma levels (LVEDVI: r = 0.567, p = 0.0017; LVESVI: r = 0.607, p = 0.0010). @entity3876 levels in pericardial fluid but not in plasma correlated with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r = 0.495, p = 0.0074). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3876 levels in pericardial fluid served as more sensitive and accurate indicators of @entity1002 than did @entity3876 levels in plasma. Thus, @entity3876 may be secreted from the heart into the pericardial space in response to @entity1002 , and it may have a pathophysiologic role in @entity712 as an autocrine/paracrine factor.

title: Marked elevation of brain natriuretic peptide levels in pericardial fluid is closely associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular function', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: Using a convenient and fast HPLC procedure we determined serum concentrations of the fungistatic agent @entity4895 ( @entity10498 ) in 375 samples from 60 @entity1 treated with this drug. The mean trough concentration (n = 127) was 64.3 mg/l (range: 11.8-208.0 mg/l), the mean peak concentration (n = 122) was 99.9 mg/l (range: 25.6-263.8 mg/l), the mean nonpeak/nontrough concentration (n = 126) was 80.1 mg/l (range: 10.5-268.0 mg/l). Totally 134 (35.7%) samples were outside the therapeutic range (25-100 mg/l), 108 (28.8%) being too high, 26 (6.9%) being too low. Forty-four (73%) @entity1 showed @entity10498 serum concentrations outside the therapeutic range at least once during the treatment course. In a prospective study we performed 65 dosage predictions on 30 @entity1 by use of a 3-point method previously developed for @entity4028 dosage adaptation. The mean absolute prediction error of the dosage adaptation was +0.7 mg/l (range: -26.0 to +28.0 mg/l). The root mean square prediction error was 10.7 mg/l. The mean predicted concentration (65.3 mg/l) agreed very well with the mean measured concentration (64.6 mg/l). The frequency distribution of @entity10498 serum concentrations indicates that @entity10498 monitoring is important. The applied pharmacokinetic method allows individual adaptations of @entity10498 dosage with a clinically acceptable prediction error.

title: Individualization of XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorocytosine']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4895 :: (MESH:D005437,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorocytosine']


abstract: A key question in developmental biology addresses the mechanism of asymmetric cell division. Asymmetry is crucial for generating cellular diversity required for development in multicellular organisms. As one of the potential mechanisms, chromosomally borne epigenetic difference between sister cells that changes mating/cell type has been demonstrated only in the @entity6739 @entity6739 . For technical reasons, it is nearly impossible to determine the existence of such a mechanism operating during embryonic development of multicellular organisms. Our work addresses whether such an epigenetic mechanism causes asymmetric cell division in the recently sequenced @entity6739 , @entity25908 (with 36% GC content), which is highly diverged from the well-studied @entity6739 species (with 44% GC content). We find that the genomic location and DNA sequences of the mating-type loci of @entity25908 differ vastly from those of the @entity6739 species. Remarkably however, similar to @entity6739 , the @entity25908 cells switch cell/mating type after undergoing two consecutive cycles of asymmetric cell divisions: only one among four "granddaughter" cells switches. The DNA-strand-specific epigenetic imprint at the mating-type locus1 initiates the recombination event, which is required for cellular differentiation. Therefore the @entity6739 and @entity25908 mating systems provide the first two examples in which the intrinsic chirality of double helical structure of DNA forms the primary determinant of asymmetric cell division. Our results show that this unique strand-specific imprinting/segregation epigenetic mechanism for asymmetric cell division is evolutionary conserved. Motivated by these findings, we speculate that DNA-strand-specific epigenetic mechanisms might have evolved to dictate asymmetric cell division in diploid, higher eukaryotes as well.

title: Defining the epigenetic mechanism of asymmetric cell division of XXXX yeast.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['S. pombe', 'fission yeast', 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

answer: @entity25908 :: (4897,Species) :: ['Schizosaccharomyces japonicus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the feasibility of an age-adapted, manualized behavioral treatment for geriatric hoarding. METHODS: @entity1 were 11 older adults (mean age: 66 years) with @entity74 . Treatment encompassed 24 individual sessions of psychotherapy that included both @entity73 targeting executive functioning and exposure to discarding/not acquiring. Hoarding severity was assessed at baseline, mid-treatment, and posttreatment. RESULTS: Results demonstrated clinically and statistically significant changes in hoarding severity at posttreatment. No @entity1 dropped out of treatment. Eight @entity1 were classified as treatment responders, and three as partial responders. Partial responders reported severe/extreme hoarding and @entity146 comorbidities at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity73 and exposure therapy is a promising approach in the treatment of geriatric hoarding. Targeting @entity149 in behavioral therapy for these geriatric @entity1 with @entity74 doubled response rates relative to our previous trial of cognitive behavior therapy alone.

title: Novel treatment for @entity74 : an open XXXX paired with behavior therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive rehabilitation']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hoarding disorder']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['trial of cognitive rehabilitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity65 factors (CVRF) lead to @entity4903 . It has been suggested that in @entity82 , @entity65 is low and systemic endothelial function is enhanced. However, there is no prospective study evaluating the relationship between @entity65 and systemic endothelial function in @entity82 , which was investigated here. METHODS: In 47 @entity1 with @entity82 (33 males; median @entity1 -Pugh score 8; median age 55 years), we evaluated: laboratory parameters, hepatic and systemic hemodynamics, CVRF, 10-year global @entity65 by Framingham score, and presence of carotid plaques. @entity4903 was investigated non-invasively by @entity384 ( @entity384 ) of the brachial artery by ultrasound and defined as @entity384 <10%. RESULTS: @entity65 (median 7%) was low in 25%, moderate in 26%, moderately high in 40%, and high in 9%. Fifty-three percent of @entity1 had @entity4903 . @entity4903 (low @entity384 ) increased in parallel with CV risk (linear trend P=0.039) and was higher in @entity1 overweight or @entity28 . Conversely, @entity384 increased in parallel with @entity1 -Pugh/Mayo Clinic @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) score, @entity648 , serum @entity1372 , plasma @entity916 activity, leukocyte count, platelet count, and with lower arterial pressure, suggesting that enhanced @entity384 is a feature of advanced @entity1578 and @entity32 . @entity65 , @entity648 , leukocyte count, and arterial pressure remained independently associated with @entity4903 . CONCLUSIONS: CV risk was not low in our studied @entity1 with @entity82 , and @entity4903 was frequent in this population. In @entity82 , similar to general population, @entity65 impaired systemic @entity384 , although @entity1578 attenuated @entity409 .

title: @entity65 factors and systemic endothelial function in XXXX with @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'flow-mediated dilatation']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['Model for End-stage Liver Disease', 'MELD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk', 'Cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic endothelial dysfunction', 'systemic endothelial dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dampness and mould in buildings have been associated with adverse respiratory symptoms, @entity565 and @entity1729 of inhabitants. Moisture damage is a very common problem in private houses, workplaces and public buildings such as schools. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of remediating buildings damaged by dampness and mould in order to reduce or prevent respiratory tract symptoms, @entity281 and symptoms of @entity565 . SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 2), which contains the Cochrane Acute @entity1729 Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1951 to June week 1, 2011), EMBASE (1974 to June 2011), CINAHL (1982 to June 2011), Science Citation Index (1973 to June 2011), Biosis Previews (1989 to June 2011), NIOSHTIC (1930 to November 2010) and CISDOC (1974 to November 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-RCTs (cRCTs), interrupted time series studies and controlled before-after (CBA) studies of the effects of remediating dampness and mould in a building on respiratory symptoms, @entity281 and @entity565 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. MAIN RESULTS: We included eight studies (6538 @entity1 ); two RCTs (294 @entity1 ), one cRCT (4407 @entity1 ) and five CBA studies (1837 @entity1 ). The interventions varied from thorough renovation to cleaning only. We found moderate-quality evidence in adults that repairing houses decreased @entity1109 (among others, wheezing (odds ratio (OR) 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55 to 0.75) and @entity1729 (among others, @entity2490 (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.66)). For @entity1 , we found moderate-quality evidence that the number of acute care visits (among others mean difference (MD) -0.45; 95% CI -0.76 to -0.14)) decreased in the group receiving thorough remediation. One CBA study showed very low-quality evidence that after repairing a mould-damaged office building, @entity565 -related and other respiratory symptoms decreased. For @entity1 and staff in schools, there was very low-quality evidence that @entity565 -related and other respiratory symptoms in mould-damaged schools were similar to those of @entity1 and staff in non-damaged schools, both before and after intervention. For @entity1 , @entity1729 might have decreased after the intervention. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found moderate to very low-quality evidence that repairing mould-damaged houses and offices decreases @entity1109 and @entity1729 compared to no intervention in adults. There is very low-quality evidence that although repairing schools did not significantly change respiratory symptoms in staff or @entity1 , pupils' visits to physicians due to a common cold were less frequent after remediation of the school. Better research, preferably with a cRCT design and with more validated outcome measures, is needed.

title: Remediating buildings damaged by dampness and mould for preventing or reducing respiratory tract symptoms, XXXX and @entity565 (Review).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['asthma-related symptoms']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections', 'Respiratory Infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the changes in blood flow in the cat retina after 1 hour of @entity63 . METHODS: Blood flow in the retina and choroid of adult @entity468 anesthetized with @entity4486 , @entity11988 , and @entity1508 was measured using sequential injections of radioactively labeled microspheres. @entity63 was induced by elevation of intraocular pressure above systolic arterial pressure. Measurements were carried out before (baseline) and during @entity63 , and at 5, 10, 15, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after the return of ocular circulation. In another two series of @entity468 , blood flow was measured at comparable time periods without @entity63 (controls). Arterial blood gas tension, systemic arterial pressure, hematocrit, and anesthetic level were controlled in each experiment. RESULTS: Retinal blood flow was decreased to 6%, and choroidal blood flow to 0.6%, of baseline value during @entity63 . Within 5 minutes of the return of ocular circulation, retinal blood flow was approximately 200% of baseline, and choroidal blood flow was 108% of baseline. Blood flow 1 hour after the return of ocular circulation was not significantly different from baseline. There was no late decrease in blood flow after the ischemic period. CONCLUSION: As does @entity2806 , @entity2479 results in a hyperemic response but no delayed hypoperfusion. The mechanism of this effect is unknown.

title: Blood flow after @entity2479 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity11988 :: ('MESH:D000075', 'Chemical') :: ['acepromazine']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Data on the eradication treatment for childhood @entity1534 are scanty. A register was established on the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) website to collect data on treatment performed by European pediatricians to ascertain what is practiced in the field. SUBJECTS: From January 2001 to December 2002, information on 597 @entity1 were entered by 23 European Centers, but only data of 518 treated @entity1 were completed and analyzed (86.7%, 262 male subjects, median age 9 years, range 1-14). According to their nationality, 226 @entity1 were from Southern Europe, 132 from Eastern Europe, 68 from Western Europe, and 4 from northern Europe, 68 from North Africa, and 20 from Asia. At endoscopy, 454 @entity1 had @entity3621 and 64 had @entity1066 (12.3%). Antibiotic sensitivity, tested in 361 cases, revealed 18% @entity4581 -resistant and 19% @entity868 -resistant @entity1534 strains. RESULTS: Treatment was performed for 1 week in 388 and for 2 weeks in 130 children. Antibiotics were associated with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in 345 and with @entity1535 in 121 @entity1 . Triple therapy was given to 485 @entity1 , dual therapy to 26, quadruple to 7. Follow-up data, by @entity7352 -Urea-Breath Test or histology or both, were available for 480 @entity1 . Overall eradication rate was 65.6%, significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1066 (79.7%) than without (63.9%, p = .001). When given as first treatment, @entity1535 -containing triple therapies were more efficacious than @entity7371 -containing ones (77% versus 64%, p = .02, OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.1-3.3). Twenty-seven different treatment regimens were used, but only six were administered to at least 18 @entity1 (range 18-157). There was no difference between treatments given for 1 or 2 weeks, or given as first or second therapies. CONCLUSION: European pediatricians entering data in the register used 27 different regimens. @entity1535 -containing therapies resulted in higher eradication rate. @entity4546 -containing triple therapies were the most used although their efficacy was low. Therapies recommended for adults do not appear to be suitable for @entity1 .

title: Results from the pediatric European register for treatment of XXXX (PERTH).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1535 :: ('MESH:D001729', 'Chemical') :: ['bismuth', 'Bismuth']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['Omeprazole']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: The organization of @entity2072 - and @entity4944 -regulated transcript peptide ( @entity18527 , 54-102) immunoreactivity was investigated in the brain of the catfish, Clarias batrachus. @entity18527 -immunoreactivity was observed in several granule cells of the olfactory bulbs, in dot-like terminals around mitral cells, and in the fibers of the medial olfactory tracts. While several groups of discrete cells in the telencephalon showed @entity18527 -immunoreactivity, the immunostained fibers were widely distributed in the area dorsalis and ventralis telencephali. Immunoreactivity was seen in several periventricular and a few magnocellular neurons, and in a dense fiber network throughout the preoptic area. Varying degrees of immunoreactive fibers were seen in the periventricular region in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary. Some neurons in the nucleus preglomerulosus medialis and lateralis, central nucleus of the inferior lobes, nucleus lobobulbaris of the posterior tuberculum, and nucleus recessus posterioris showed distinct @entity18527 -immunoreactivity. Considerable immunoreactivity was seen in the optic tectum, rostral torus semicircularis, central pretectal area, and granule cells of the cerebellum. While only isolated immunoreactive cells were seen at three distinct sites in the metencephalon, a fiber network was seen in the @entity1315 and periventricular and ventral regions of the medulla oblongata. The pattern of the @entity18527 distribution in the brain of C. batrachus suggests that it may play an important role in the processing of sensory information, the regulation of hormone secretion by hypophysial cell types, and motor and vegetative function. Finally, as in other animal species, @entity18527 seems to play a role in the processing of gustatory information.

title: Immunohistochemical localization of XXXX - and @entity4944 -regulated transcript peptide in the brain of the catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.).

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['facial and vagal lobes']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: Several studies have suggested that the damage after @entity63 increases during reperfusion and that this reperfusion damage is mediated through granulocytes which invade the damaged area. The present study was undertaken to test these hypotheses by histological investigations of the anterior tibial muscles in a @entity35 hind limb tourniquet model after 4.5 h of complete @entity63 and graded periods of reperfusion. Uptake of albumin into damaged muscle fibers was demonstrated immunohistochemically and used to determine the extent of the @entity2806 . The size of the lesions was measured morphometrically on immunostained sections from paraffin-embedded material. Granulocytes in and outside the capillaries were counted on slides from historesin-embedded material. Generally, there was a compact central area in the muscles which showed @entity39 of all fibers and many capillaries, little @entity4 , and little or no invasion of granulocytes or macrophages. The central core did not increase in size during the postoperative period. Outside this are there was a zone of partial tissue destruction with quite marked @entity4 . This zone also remained unchanged in size but it is uncertain whether the number of @entity39 fibers increased with time. There was an increasing invasion of granulocytes in this outer zone from 5 to 24 h after release of the occlusion and monocyte/macrophage invasion was seen from 48 h. Outside this zone there was a subfacial zone with normal muscle fibers in all cases. It is concluded that the central area of complete tissue destruction was present at the time of release of the occlusion and did not increase in size during the further postoperative course. There was no indication that granulocytes participated in this damage. The extent of the partially damaged area also remained unchanged during the postoperative course. It is conceivable that granulocytes aggravated the lesions by increasing the number of @entity39 fibers in this peripheral area but not before 5 h after release of the occlusion. This is later than described in previous studies.

title: Histological studies on postischemic XXXX skeletal muscles. With emphasis on the time of leukocyte invasion.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injuries', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is the third most common @entity5 and the second leading cause of @entity5 in industrialized countries. Chemoprevention is a promising approach, but studies demonstrating their usefulness in large populations are still needed. Among several compounds with chemopreventive ability, cyclooxygenase inhibitors have received particular attention. However, these agents are not without side effects, which must be weighed against their beneficial actions. Early diagnosis is critical in the management of @entity14 @entity1 , because, in early stages, surgery is curative in >90% of cases. If diagnosis occurs at stages II and III, which is often the case, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy before surgery are, in a few cases, recommended. Because of the high risk of recurrence in advanced @entity5 , chemotherapy is maintained after @entity5 resection. Chemotherapy is also indicated when the @entity1 has @entity3 and in @entity5 located in the rectum. In the last decade, the use of anticancer drugs in monotherapy or in combined regimens has markedly increased the survival of @entity1 with @entity14 at stages III and IV. Although the rate of success is higher than in other @entity1820 , adverse effects and development of chemoresistance are important limitations to pharmacological therapy. Genetic profiling regarding mechanisms of chemoresistance are needed to carry out individualized prediction of the lack of effectiveness of pharmacological regimens. This would minimize side effects and prevent the selection of aggressive, cross-resistant clones, as well as avoiding undesirable delays in the use of the most efficient therapeutic approaches to treat these @entity1 .

title: Chemoprevention, chemotherapy, and chemoresistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related death', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']