abstract: BACKGROUND: Paradoxical peripheral vasodilation is one of the suspected mechanisms of neurally mediated @entity1163 . Parasympathetic stimulation following sympathetic activation during orthostatic stress mainly contributes to this vasodilation. HYPOTHESIS: Since endothelial function modulates peripheral vascular tone, this study aimed to determine whether endothelial function and inappropriate peripheral vasomotion has a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurally mediated @entity1163 . METHODS: To investigate whether endothelial function is augmented or whether abnormal peripheral vasomotion exits, @entity384 ( @entity384 , endothelium-dependent vasodilation) and sublingual @entity1242 -induced dilation (0.3 mg, GTN-D, endothelium-independent vasodilation) were measured in the brachial artery in 16 @entity1 with neurally mediated @entity1163 , aged 33 +/- 10 years, by using high-resolution ultrasound. All @entity1 underwent positive head-up tilt testing. These measures were compared with those in 16 control subjects matched with the @entity1 by age, gender, and coronary risk factors. For @entity384 , percent diameter changes were obtained from baseline to hyperemic conditions (1 min after 5 min occlusion of the forearm artery). There were five smokers in both the @entity1 and the control groups, but there was no structural @entity299 in either group. RESULTS: Baseline brachial artery diameters were comparable (3.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.7 mm, NS). Flow-mediated dilation in @entity1 with neurally mediated @entity1163 had a normal value of 9.8 +/- 5.0% despite the inclusion of five smokers. Flow-mediated dilation and GTN-D in @entity1 with neurally mediated @entity1163 were significantly greater than those in controls (9.0 +/- 5.0 vs. 3.0 +/- 3.5%, p<0.05; 18.4 +/- 5.5 vs. 14.1 +/- 4.4%, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Augmented endothelial function and/or abnormal peripheral vasomotion in peripheral arteries are important in @entity1 with neurally mediated @entity1163 in selected populations.

title: Endothelial function and peripheral vasomotion in the brachial artery in neurally mediated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceryl trinitrate']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Chlamydia re- @entity281 data are used to inform and evaluate @entity1047 control programmes. We quantitatively investigated the effect of denominator selection on estimating re- @entity281 rates and trends. METHODS: Using data on @entity1 aged 15-44 years enrolled in Group Health Cooperative (GH), a Pacific Northwest health plan, @entity1047 rates from 1998 to 2006 were calculated. Three different denominators were compared using @entity1 -years contributed by: (1) all @entity1 ; (2) @entity1 with a prior documented @entity281 regardless of whether they were retested; and (3) @entity1 with a prior @entity281 who were retested within 14 months. RESULTS: From 1998 to 2006, among all @entity1 15-44 years enrolled in GH, re- @entity281 rates increased from 64 to 149 cases per 100 000 @entity1 -years. Among @entity1 with a prior @entity281 , rates decreased from 10 857 to 8782 cases per 100 000 @entity1 -years. Among @entity1 with a prior @entity281 who were retested, rates increased from 29 374 to 42 475 cases per 100 000 @entity1 -years. CONCLUSIONS: Using the same dataset, we demonstrate that it is possible to tell three different stories about the magnitude of rates and trends in @entity1047 re- @entity281 among @entity1 by using different denominators. All of these strategies have limitations, but restricting the denominator to @entity1 with a prior @entity281 who are retested may best represent the population at-risk for re- @entity281 . Still, rates do not account for additional factors influencing the number of re-infections diagnosed, including screening coverage and changes in test technology. Caution is needed in examining and comparing re- @entity281 data.

title: Estimating XXXX re- @entity281 rates: an empirical example.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['annual chlamydia re-infection', 'chlamydia']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['chlamydia']


abstract: Programme completion is predictive of post-treatment abstinence and other improvements in @entity1 with @entity4784 , while continued agonist treatment is associated with better outcomes than no agonist treatment. This study aimed to assess relationships between follow-up outcomes of a 9-month @entity4783 programme, completion and current agonist therapy status. Sixty-eight of 75 opioid-dependent former @entity1 were assessed at study entry and 24 months thereafter. Outcome measures were opioid abstinence, substance use and psychosocial performance. Group comparisons were made between @entity4783 programme completers (n = 38) and non-completers (n = 30), and between @entity1 who were currently in agonist therapy (n = 37) and those who were not. Performance at follow-up was compared to that at study entry. Nine @entity1 were abstinent from all opioids at follow-up. Completers and non-completers were similar in follow-up performance and patterns of change, while @entity1 ' current agonist therapy status was related to both substance use and psychosocial outcomes. Reductions in street opioid use and injecting were seen regardless of completion and agonist therapy status. Retaining @entity1 in agonist replacement therapy over time is more likely than completion of a time-limited programme to influence long-term outcomes. Time-limited @entity4783 replacement therapy appears to be inappropriate for @entity1 with @entity4784 .

title: Time-limited @entity4783 replacement therapy for XXXX : 2-year follow-up outcomes in relation to programme completion and current agonist therapy status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['opioid dependence']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of 134 adolescent @entity1 who underwent surgical correction of @entity2112 between June 1992 and August 1998 was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To examine factors related to changes in somatosensory-evoked potentials with or without neurogenic motor-evoked potentials. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Studies document and demonstrate threshold criteria for changes in neuromonitoring that predict changes in spinal cord function. Rates of false-negative occurrences are low, yet higher rates of false-positive findings may result. METHODS: All the @entity1 had somatosensory monitoring, and 71 @entity1 had both somatosensory-evoked potential and neurogenic motor-evoked potential monitoring. Gender, age, curve types, duration of surgery, type and amount of instrumentation, and amount of correction were examined for their effects on monitoring. Estimated blood @entity393 as well as high and low mean arterial pressure and its variance were assessed at the start, middle, and conclusion of the procedure. RESULTS: According to the findings, 122 @entity1 (91%) had no monitoring changes and no postoperative @entity51 . Six @entity1 (4.5%) had false-positive readings. Six @entity1 had a postoperative motor or @entity51 , all of which resolved within 18 months. False-positive readings were associated with greater variability in mean arterial pressure. No consistent predictions could be made about the incidence of @entity1566 if neuromonitoring changes returned to baseline before the end of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Questions remain about the predictive accuracy of somatosensory-evoked and neurogenic motor-evoked potentials. According to the findings in this study, in which there were no false-negative readings and a modest false-positive rate, continued use of these methods is recommended. Higher false-positive rates were seen in @entity1 with greater lability in mean arterial pressure. A wake-up test is recommended for all cases in which threshold monitoring changes occur because cases of @entity1566 may exist even when monitored variables return to baseline.

title: Factors related to false- versus true-positive neuromonitoring changes in adolescent XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit', 'sensory deficit']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'cord injury']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: Late onset @entity195 (LOAD) accounts for about 95% of all @entity195 cases. While the @entity2204 variant seems to have unparalleled influence on increased LOAD risk, it does not explain all of the heritability of LOAD. In this study, we present the application of a cost-effective, pooled DNA genome-wide association study (GWAS) to uncover genetic risk variants associated with LOAD in Polish @entity1 diagnosed with either @entity73 ( @entity73 ) or well-defined LOAD. A group of 141 @entity1 (94 LOAD and 47 @entity73 ), as well as 141 controls, were assayed using Affymetrix Genome-Wide @entity1 SNP 6.0 arrays. Allele frequency distributions were compared using   (2)-tests, and significantly associated SNPs at p < 0.0001 with a proxy SNP were selected. GWAS marker selection was conducted using PLINK, and selected SNPs were validated on DNA samples from the same cohort using KASPar Assays. In addition, to determine the genotype of @entity2204 variants ( @entity43470 , @entity39722 ), a multiplex tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system was applied. The GWAS revealed nine SNPs associated with @entity73 and/or LOAD. Of these, the association of seven SNPs was confirmed by genotyping of individual @entity1 . Furthermore, the @entity2204 appeared to be a risk variant for LOAD, while the @entity2204 showed a protective effect. Multivariate analysis showed association between @entity45895 and LOAD, independently from the effect of @entity2204 variation. Pooled DNA GWAS enabled the identification of a novel LOAD candidate risk variant, @entity45895 (9q21.33), tagging a possible genomic enhancer affecting proximal transcribed elements including @entity2529 gene.

title: Identification of a late onset XXXX candidate risk variant at 9q21.33 in Polish @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Remission of several @entity792 has been described after allogeneic marrow transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine if the natural history of @entity30 was altered by hematopoietic cell transplants from healthy allogeneic donors. METHODS: Between 1982 and 1992, 6 @entity1 with @entity30 and @entity1778 underwent allogeneic marrow transplantation and were followed up clinically. RESULTS: Five @entity1 had active @entity30 before transplantation, and 3 had clinical evidence of sclerosing @entity255 . Four marrow donors were HLA-identical siblings, 1 related donor was mismatched at the DR locus, and 1 unrelated donor was HLA-matched. One @entity1 died of @entity295 97 days after transplantation; 5 @entity1 were observed for 4.5, 5.8, 8.4, 9.9, and 15.3 years after transplantation. Four of 5 @entity1 evaluated had no signs or symptoms of @entity30 after transplantation. One @entity1 with mixed donor-host hematopoietic chimerism had a relapse of @entity30 1.5 years after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Four of 5 @entity1 followed up for 4.5 to 15.3 years after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation remained free of @entity30 . These observations suggest that host immune @entity10204 plays a role in the perpetuation of @entity30 that can be corrected by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

title: Course of XXXX after allogeneic marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess whether addition of @entity1242 to botulinum toxin improves the healing rate of @entity1242 -resistant fissures over that achieved with botulinum toxin alone. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized between botulinum toxin plus @entity1242 (Group A) and botulinum toxin plus placebo paste (Group B). @entity1 were seen at baseline, four and eight weeks, and six months. The primary end point was fissure healing at eight weeks. Secondary end points were symptomatic relief, need for surgery, side effects, and reduction in maximum resting and squeeze pressures. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were randomized. Two-thirds of @entity1 had maximum anal resting pressures below or within the normal range at entry to the study. Healing rates in both treatment groups were disappointing. There was a nonsignificant trend to better outcomes in Group A compared with Group B in terms of fissure healing (47 vs. 27 percent), symptomatic improvement (87 vs. 67 percent), and resort to surgery (27 vs. 47 percent). CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence to suggest that combining @entity1242 with botulinum toxin is superior to the use of botulinum toxin alone for @entity1242 -resistant anal fissure. The poor healing rate may reflect the fact that many of the @entity1 did not have significant anal @entity2473 at trial entry.

title: Randomized clinical trial of botulinum toxin plus XXXX vs. botulinum toxin alone for medically resistant chronic anal fissure: overall poor healing rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceryl trinitrate']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['glyceryl trinitrate']


abstract: To avoid donor tissue shortages, ex vivo cultured @entity1 corneal endothelial cell (HCEC) transplantation is a promising therapeutic resource. Superparamagnetic @entity1933 nanoparticle (SPION) cell labeling assists HCEC transplantation by attaching the posterior corneal stroma in ex vivo animal models. However, possible functional changes of the HCECs following SPION labeling remain to be determined. In this study, we used SPIONs to label cultured @entity95 CECs (RCECs) in order to observe important cell functions and the levels of cell markers. The synthetic SPIONs exhibited superparamagnetism at room temperature, with saturation magnetization of 55.4 @entity6498 /g and negligible remanence or coercivity. The   -potential was -24.5 mV and the diameter was 101    55 nm. Immunostaining demonstrated a normal density of zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), nestin and Ki-67 at cellular junctions or in nuclei from RCECs following SPION labeling at 16   g/ml. @entity98 @entity137 assay, homotypic adhesion assay, quantitative flow cytometric Ki-67 analysis and RCEC pump function measurement demonstrated no significant differences between the cells with or without SPION labeling (P<0.05, for all assays). Results of this study demonstrated successful labeled cultured RCECs with synthetic SPIONs. Labeled cells possessed several important characteristics required to maintain the transparency and refractive parameters of the @entity267 , including hexagonal cell morphology, higher cell adhesion ability and proliferative potential, cell pump function and the positive expression of several cell markers.

title: Functions of corneal endothelial cells do not change after uptake of superparamagnetic XXXX nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity1164 increases in populations who experience disasters such as earthquakes. The physiological link between @entity1642 and @entity944 is unknown; one mechanism may be the direct effects of sympathetic arousal on @entity943 . To determine whether mental stress alters the induction, rate, or termination of @entity943 , we performed @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) in @entity1 with defibrillators and @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), which is known to be inducible and terminated by antitachycardia pacing, at rest and during varying states of mental arousal. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 underwent @entity9808 in the resting-awake state (nonsedated). Ten underwent repeat testing during mental stress (mental arithmetic and anger recall). Induced @entity1165 was faster in 5 @entity1 (P=0.03). @entity1165 became more difficult to terminate in 5 @entity1 during mental stress; 4 required a shock (P=0.03). There was no change in ease of induction with mental stress. There was no evidence of @entity63 on ECG or continuous ejection fraction monitoring. Eight @entity1 received a shock in the resting-awake state and did not perform mental stress. Four underwent repeat @entity9808 after sedation; 3 then had induced @entity1165 terminated with antitachycardia pacing. All @entity1 with an increase in @entity1063 of >50% had alterations in @entity1165 that required shock for termination (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Mental stress alters @entity1165 cycle length and termination without evidence of @entity63 . This suggests that mental stress may lead to @entity944 through the facilitation of lethal @entity943 .

title: Destabilizing effects of mental stress on XXXX in @entity1 with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['NIPS', 'noninvasive programmed stimulation']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To assess the effect of oral plus intranasal corticosteroids on subjective outcomes (smell and nasal congestion) and objective outcomes (tissue @entity1712 and @entity842 ) in severe @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). STUDY DESIGN: After a 4-week steroid washout period (w0), severe @entity1412 were randomized into a treatment group (n = 67) that receive oral @entity229 for 2 weeks (w2) plus intranasal budesonide for 12 weeks (w12), and a control group (n = 22) that received no @entity134 treatment. METHODS: Barcelona Smell Test 24 (BAST-24), nasal congestion, tissue @entity1712 , and nasal @entity842 ( @entity33223 ) were assessed. RESULTS: Before treatment, @entity1 showed a significant impairment of smell detection (30.7    39.5%), identification (7.1    16.1%), and forced choice (13.8    23.3%) in BAST-24 compared to healthy population. At w2, the treatment group showed a significant improvement in detection, identification, and forced choice. Positive effect was also seen after 12 weeks of intranasal corticosteroids. A significant reduction of nasal congestion (1.17    1.0 vs. 2.73    0.5) and @entity1127 tissue @entity1712 (10.9    4.2 vs. 41.2    12.2) with an increase of @entity33223 (650    317 vs. 420    221 ppb) were observed at w2 compared to w0 and to the control group. These effects were also seen at w12. CONCLUSIONS: Combined oral and intranasal corticosteroids improve smell and nasal congestion and @entity32 , as measured by reduced tissue @entity1712 and increased detection of @entity33223 . Severity of smell loss correlates with degree of nasal congestion but not with @entity32 , as measured by tissue @entity1712 or nasally exhaled @entity33223 . Our findings suggest that improvement in smell may be related to improved conduction of odorants to the olfactory neuroepithelium.

title: Oral plus nasal corticosteroids improve smell, nasal congestion, and @entity32 in sino- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'decrease nasal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'nasal polyposis']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['nasal polyposis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Reconstruction with free flaps has significantly changed the outcome of @entity1 with @entity135 . Microsurgery is still considered a specialised procedure and is not routinely performed in the resource-constrained environment of certain developing parts of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article focuses on the practice environment in a @entity5 clinic in rural India. Availability of infrastructure, selection of the case, choice of flap, estimation of cost and complications associated with treatment are evaluated and the merits and demerits of such an approach are discussed. RESULTS: We performed 22 cases of free flaps in a six-month period (2008-2009). Majority (17) of the @entity1 had @entity5 . Seven were related to the tongue and eight to the buccal mucosa. Radial forearm free flap (RFF: 9) and anterolateral thigh flap (ALT: 9) were the most commonly used flaps. A fibula flap (1) was done for an anterior mandible defect, whereas a jejunum free flap (1) was done for a laryngopharyngectomy defect. There were six complications with two re-explorations but no loss of flaps. CONCLUSION: Reconstruction with microvascular free flaps is feasible in a resource-constrained setup with motivation and careful planning.

title: Microvascular free flap reconstruction for XXXX in a resource-constrained environment in rural India.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study analyzed the relationship between blood lead (BPb) levels and growth status of upper and lower body segments among schoolchildren living in the @entity920 basin of south-western Poland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Schoolchildren 7-15 years of age (463 males, 436 females) living in the vicinity of @entity920 smelters and refineries were tested for blood lead. Weight, height, symphyseal height (leg, lower segment length), and arm length were measured. Trunk (upper segment including head and neck) length was estimated as height minus symphyseal height. The BMI was calculated using weight/height2 (kg m-2). RESULTS: Mean blood lead in the total sample was 7.7 +/- 3.5 micro g @entity19444 (2.0-33.9 micro g @entity19444 ). Blood lead level was significantly and linearly related to reduced weight, height, trunk, leg, and arm lengths. The estimated reduction in height was 5 mm per 1 micro g @entity19444 increase in blood lead (5.0 cm per 10 micro g @entity19444 ). The reduction occurred in leg length (males, 64%; females 72%) compared to trunk length (males, 36%; females, 28%). Estimated reductions in arm length were 2.0 cm (males) and 2.5 cm (females) per 10 micro g @entity19444 increase in blood lead. Hence, limb (leg and arm) lengths were markedly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Linear skeletal growth was reduced with increased blood lead, even at levels below that considered for action by US CDC standards. The reduction in height occurred primarily in leg length. Arm length was also reduced, suggesting limb lengths in general were affected by blood lead. Results are consistent with lead-associated interruption of (1) major epiphyseal growth plate chondrocyte @entity1373 , @entity1184 , and interrupted matrix calcification as a primary cause of stunted long bone growth, and reduced stature; and (2) attenuated osteoblast activity (proliferation and migration) as a secondary cause of stunted growth in the study population.

title: Lead and growth status of school children living in the XXXX basin of south-western Poland: differential effects on bone growth.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity920 :: (MESH:D003300,Chemical) :: ['copper']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to update data on @entity800 / @entity2177 and triple resistance (resistance to @entity868 , @entity4581 and @entity800 / @entity2177 ) in @entity1534 clinical isolates and to identify the impact of prior eradication therapies on their development. METHODS: We tested the antimicrobial susceptibility to @entity115 , @entity868 , @entity4581 , @entity800 / @entity2177 , @entity803 and @entity1215 of 5296 clinical @entity1534 strains isolated between 2006 and 2011. Information on prior eradication therapies was gathered and their impact on the development of antimicrobial resistance, in particular to @entity800 / @entity2177 and triple resistance, was analysed. RESULTS: From 2006 onwards, both @entity800 / @entity2177 and triple resistance have steadily increased and peaked in 2011 with 29.1% and 18.6%, respectively. Unsuccessful prior eradication attempts proved a major risk factor for resistance development. @entity1 who had undergone unsuccessful eradication attempts harboured @entity800 / @entity2177 - and triple-resistant isolates significantly more often than untreated individuals (26.7% and 18.1% versus 10.6% and 1.6%). @entity800 / @entity2177 and triple resistance occurred significantly more often in @entity1 who had received @entity5176 when compared with @entity1 who had not (44.5% versus 23.1% and 28.7% versus 15.6%). We did not observe any significant differences in resistance rates in the different German federal states. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance to @entity800 / @entity2177 and triple resistance have continuously risen and reached worrying numbers. Hence we strongly advise against the use of @entity5176 in empirical second-line therapies for @entity1534 without prior susceptibility testing and/or a carefully taken @entity1 medical history.

title: High secondary resistance to XXXX in German @entity1534 clinical isolates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin', 'Levofloxacin']

answer: @entity5176 :: (MESH:D015363,Chemical) :: ['quinolones']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of functional hemispherectomy in promoting language acquisition in a @entity1 with severe @entity10791 and continuous left @entity302 in the absence of clinical @entity410 . We report a 6-month-old @entity1 who initially presented with a right @entity1269 secondary to a lesion of probable prenatal origin in the distribution of the left middle cerebral artery. Weeks later, she developed @entity739 . At 1.5 years of age, because of intractable @entity410 , the @entity1 had fenestration of the left porencephalic cyst and anterior temporal lobectomy. The @entity410 ceased; however, language development remained limited to 35 words at 3.5 years of age. The EEG showed almost continuous @entity302 activity over the left hemisphere with no independent @entity302 potentials contralaterally. She underwent a functional left hemispherectomy. METHODS: Imaging, electroencephalographic investigation, pre- and postoperative psychological and speech assessment were carried out. RESULTS: Considerable language, speech, and behavior improvement was noted within 2 months of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Interictal @entity302 discharges can interfere with the development of contralateral hemispheric function in the absence of clinical @entity410 . Early functional hemispherectomy may have a role in promoting optimal language development in appropriately selected @entity1 . Although the primary indication for functional hemispherectomy is to control intractable @entity410 , a secondary proposed indication is to reduce functional impairment of the other hemisphere by electrical interference.

title: Continuous unilateral XXXX discharge and @entity10791 : effect of functional hemispherectomy on language acquisition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['language delay']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric epileptiform discharge', 'epileptiform']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptiform']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of age, gender and iris color on the mechanical and chemical sensitivity of the @entity267 and the conjunctiva. In 57 healthy subjects (27 males, 30 females; ages between 23 and 71 years), sensory thresholds to mechanical and chemical stimulation were measured in the central @entity267 and the temporal conjunctiva using a Belmonte's gas esthesiometer. Mechanical stimulation consisted of warmed air pulses of 3s duration at different flow rates (40-200 ml/min). For chemical (acidic) stimulation, 3-s warmed gas pulses containing 10% to 80% @entity515 in air were applied, at a flow below mechanical threshold flow. Corneal and conjunctival thresholds to mechanical and chemical stimuli increased with age. Premenopausal @entity1 were more sensitive to corneal stimulation than @entity1 of similar ages but overall differences in mechanical and chemical threshold between @entity1 and @entity1 were not significant. Individuals with @entity735 had significantly lower corneal chemical thresholds than those with brown or green eyes. Multiple linear regression analysis evidenced that corneal mechanical threshold depends on age and iris color according to the equation 58.2 ml/min+1.3.(Age-23 years)-9.7 if @entity735 . For chemical threshold, the equation was 28.6%CO(2)+05.(Age-23 years)-12.5 if @entity735 . In the case of the conjunctiva, only age determined mechanical and chemical thresholds according to the equations: 78.2 ml/min+1.4.(Age-23 years) and 41.6% @entity515 +0.8.(Age-23 years), respectively. Therefore, normal values of mechanical and chemical thresholds of the @entity267 and conjunctiva measured with the Belmonte gas esthesiometer can be predicted according to age and iris color. Variations of sensitivity with age, iris color and gender may reflect differences in innervation density and neural responsiveness associated with the hormonal status.

title: Influence of age, gender and iris color on mechanical and chemical sensitivity of the XXXX and conjunctiva.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['blue eyes']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: @entity12388 (GCRV) @entity281 has been described in several parts of the world, predominantly as sporadic cases of @entity697 . Little is known about the yearly changes in the GCRV strains from diarrheal outbreaks. Stool samples collected from outbreaks of @entity697 in Yokohama, Japan, between 2006 and 2012 that were negative for norovirus, sapovirus, and @entity7414 , were screened for GCRV using a reverse passive hemagglutination method. The GCRV strains were characterized by @entity377 sequence and phylogenetic analysis of their VP6, VP7, VP4, and @entity20466 genes. Samples from nine of 735 outbreaks in Yokohama (1  %) contained GCRV, and eight of these outbreaks occurred in primary schools. The @entity377 sequences of the strains detected in this study were more closely related to Asian strains than to those from other regions of the world. The @entity377 sequences of the VP7 gene in these nine strains differed, and yearly changes were observed in the @entity535 sequences of the VP4 genes. Phylogenetic trees constructed using the @entity377 sequences of the VP6, VP7, VP4, and @entity20466 genes showed that sublineage S1 has divided into @entity49166 and @entity30798 in the VP4 gene only. Our results confirm that the prevalent strains of GCRV change yearly in Yokohama. This is the first study to demonstrate GCRV-associated @entity1902 outbreaks in Yokohama, Japan.

title: Epidemiological and genetic analysis of human @entity12388 isolated from outbreaks of XXXX in Yokohama, Japan, between 2006 and 2012.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity12388 :: ('36427', 'Species') :: ['Group C rotavirus']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7414 :: ('28875', 'Species') :: ['group A rotavirus']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute gastroenteritis']


abstract: The spirochete @entity2069 Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt _ Benner is transmitted by @entity3966 Say, a vector of @entity3001 . As a 1st step into investigating the possibility of biocontrol of the tick, we identified the microbiota associated with the ticks. We collected, identified, and determined the sex of ticks from foliage and deer. Seventy-three initial bacterial isolates were recovered from 43 ticks (27 adults and 16 nymphs). The bacteria isolated from nymphs were qualitatively different (mainly gram-negative cocci) from the bacteria isolated from adult ticks (gram-negative and gram-positive rods). To determine long-term viability, these isolates were stored for 6 mo under laboratory conditions. After storage, 63 surviving bacterial isolates were characterized using the Biology System of identification by substrate utilization. Forty-four isolates were identified to the species level. Our characterization efforts focused on the 40 spore-forming bacteria, which could prove useful in the biocontrol of ticks. Eleven species of Bacillus were identified. @entity11137 - @entity5259 was the predominant species group isolated. Six isolates from this group formed crystals.

title: Isolation of aerobic microbes from XXXX (Acari: Ixodidae), the vector of @entity3001 in the eastern United States.

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity3966 :: ('6945', 'Species') :: ['Ixodes scapularis']

answer: @entity3966 :: (6945,Species) :: ['Ixodes scapularis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The UNIPLATE was developed to improve operative times and limit dissection at the lateral margins of the vertebral bodies. The distinguishing character of this plate is its thin design, which requires only one screw per vertebral level (monovertebral screw plate). Most cervical spine plates, in contrast, are designed for two screws per vertebral level (bivertebral screw plate). Limited reports of the biomechanical efficacy of the UNIPLATE are available, and to the authors' knowledge, this report represents the largest clinical study of its use. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart-review study of consecutively treated @entity1 without previous cervical spine surgery undergoing anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion at one or two levels. The primary end point was symptomatic @entity1516 requiring revision surgery. @entity1516 is defined as a failure of bony fusion on the operated level seen on thin-cut computed tomography scans performed on symptomatic @entity1 . The rate of revision surgery caused by symptomatic @entity1516 was compared between @entity1 undergoing one- and two-level fusion surgeries treated with UNIPLATE compared with other plates with two screws per vertebral level. The minimum follow-up was 18 months. RESULTS: A total of 162 @entity1 were identified, including 125 @entity1 with one-level fusion and 37 @entity1 with two-level fusion surgery. The median follow-up period was 3.3 years. A significantly greater incidence (odds ratio 10.2, P = 0.042) of reoperation for symptomatic @entity1516 was noted for @entity1 treated with the UNIPLATE (4 of 13, 31%) compared with @entity1 treated with bivertebral screw plates (1 of 24, 2.5%). No significant difference in reoperation attributable to symptomatic @entity1516 was noted for different plating systems for one-level fusion surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: There is an increased rate of reoperation for symptomatic @entity1516 after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion surgery with the use of a monovertebral screw semiconstrained plate, particularly in two-level fusion surgeries. Use of the UNIPLATE system has since been abandoned at our institution in favor of bivertebral screw plating systems.

title: XXXX failures of anterior subaxial cervical spine fusion using a plate with a single screw per vertebral body: a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis', 'Pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['Pseudarthrosis']


abstract: The @entity1 tail is a @entity154 with a protruding lesion from the lumbosacrococcygeal region. A newborn with a tail-like structure over the coccygeal area observed since birth is presented. @entity362 accompanied by tethered spinal cord were found. In reviewing the literature from 1960 to 1997, 59 cases were described. Higher incidences of @entity3570 (49.15%) and tethered spinal cord (20.34%) compared with previous reports were evident. This fact plays an important role in understanding the disturbance of development and regression of @entity1 tails. A new classification according to whether the @entity154 appears in combination with @entity3570 is proposed for clinical usage. Preoperative detailed image studies are needed to clarify the possibility of tethered @entity602 developing in the future and thus prevent it. Magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice if available. Long-term follow-up for possible sequelae after operation, especially in cases with @entity3570 , is necessary.

title: The XXXX tail.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomaly', 'congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spinal dysraphism']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This Phase I study was designed to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity1311 with standard doses of @entity900 and @entity2879 for @entity1 with untreated @entity5 ( @entity151 ). Secondary objectives were to determine the @entity137 , response rate, response duration, and overall survival in this cohort. Twenty-eight @entity151 @entity1 were enrolled into four dose levels. All @entity1 received a fixed dose of @entity900 at 80 mg/m2, i.v., day 1. The first group received @entity2879 50 mg/m2, i.v. day 1 and 100 mg/m2 p.o., days 2-3, whereas all subsequent groups received @entity2879 80 mg/m2, i.v., day 1 and 160 mg/m2, p.o., days 2-3. The @entity1311 starting dose was 135 mg/m2, i.v., over a 3-h period and was escalated to 175 and 200 mg/m2. Cycles were repeated every 21 days for a maximum of six cycles. @entity1261 was not given prophylactically but was allowed in subsequent cycles according to the American Society of Clinical Oncologists guidelines. All 28 @entity151 @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 , and 23 @entity1 were evaluable for response. Myelosuppression was the major @entity137 , with grade 4 @entity1398 occurring in 23 of 28 @entity1 (82%), but @entity1398 was uncommon and developed in 4 @entity1 (14%). Grade 4 @entity882 and @entity417 were rare, occurring as isolated events in one @entity1 each. Dose-limiting @entity1897 was observed at a @entity1311 dose of 200 mg/m2. Grade 4 @entity390 / @entity391 and @entity294 were also noted at this dose level. Five @entity1 had complete responses (22%), and 14 @entity1 had partial responses (61%). The overall response rate was 83% with a median time to progression of 7.5 months, a median survival of 10 months, and a 1-year survival rate of 39%. This three-drug combination of @entity1311 with @entity900 and @entity2879 is active with acceptable @entity137 . @entity2359 was dose limiting at 200 mg/m2 of @entity1311 . @entity1398 was frequent but not associated with significant morbidity. The recommended doses for future clinical trials are 175 mg/m2 @entity1311 , i.v., over a 3-h period on day 1 with 80 mg/m2 @entity900 , i.v., on day 1 and 80 mg/m2 @entity2879 , i.v., on day 1 and 160 mg/m2 p.o. on days 2 and 3 with growth factor support. The Southwestern Oncology Group has instituted a Phase II study with this dose schedule.

title: A phase I study of @entity1311 , @entity2879 , and XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extensive stage small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: 1. Carotid baroreceptors of eight healthy young @entity1 were stimulated with brief (0.6 sec), moderate (30 mmHg), single or repetitive (2, 3 or 5), R wave coupled neck suction during held expiration, and brachial arterial pressure and pulse interval changes were measured for 10 @entity11632 . Mean systolic arterial pressure declined significantly from control levels after single or multiple baroreceptor stimuli. The reduction of systolic pressure was significant within the first sec after the onset of trains of baroreceptor stimuli; its duration was proportional to the number of stimuli. 3. The sinus node response to a single baroreceptor stimulus was biphasic: inhibition was followed by less intense, but more prolonged facilitation (cardio-acceleration). A single baroreflex stimulus modulated sinus node function for about 7 sec. The integral of sinus node inhibition was linearly related to the number of baroreceptor stimuli. Inhibition with five repetitive stimuli peaked at about 1.5 sec after the onset of stimulation and delcined to a new steady-state level during the period of baroreceptor stimulation. 4. @entity1 baroreflex adjustments of arterial pressure and sinus node function occur very early after a step increase of phasic baroreceptor afferent activity. The perturbation of sinus node function is complex and probably reflects changing temporal relationships between the arterial pulse and sinus node activity, and interactions between oscillating levels of @entity934 and sinus node responsiveness to @entity934 .

title: Arterial pressure and pulse interval responses to repetitive carotid baroreceptor stimuli in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Little is known about the genetics controlling the rate of embryonic development in salmonids, despite the fact that this trait plays an important role in the life history of wild and cultured stocks. We investigated the genetics of embryonic development rate by performing an analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) on two families of androgenetically derived doubled haploid @entity5660 produced from a hybrid of two clonal lines with divergent embryonic development rates. A total of 170 doubled haploid individuals were genotyped at 222 marker loci [219 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, 2 microsatellites, and @entity45814 ]. A genetic linkage analysis resulted in a map consisting of 27 linkage groups with 21 of the markers remaining unlinked at a minimum LOD of 3.0 and maximum theta of 0.40. Eight of these linkage groups were matched to published @entity5660 linkage groups. Composite interval mapping (CIM) revealed evidence for two QTL influencing time to hatch, and suggestive evidence for a third. These QTL accounted for a total of 24.6% of the variation in time to hatch. One of these QTL had a large effect on development rate, especially in one family of doubled haploids, in which it explained 25.6% of the variance in time to hatch. QTL influencing @entity2085 and weight at the commencement of exogenous feeding were also identified. The QTL with the strongest effect on @entity2085 (lenR13) mapped to the same position as the QTL with the strongest effect on time to hatch (tthR13), suggesting a single QTL may have a pleiotropic effect on both these traits. These results suggest that the use of clonal lines with a doubled haploid crossing design is an effective way of analyzing the genetic basis of complex traits in salmonids.

title: Composite interval mapping reveals a major locus influencing embryonic development rate in XXXX ( @entity5660 ).

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic length']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: Reflex responses evoked by distension of the @entity840 small intestine were recorded from the circular muscle with intracellular microelectrodes. For this purpose a mechanically stable preparation that allowed the intestinal wall to be distended within 9 mm of the recording site was developed. A segment of intestine was opened along the mesenteric border and pinned mucosa uppermost over a balloon set in the base of an organ bath, so that inflation of the balloon could distend the intestinal wall without simultaneously pushing against the mucosa. Compound excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) and compound inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) were recorded at sites up to 40 mm oral and anal to the distending stimulus, respectively. The compound EJPs recorded orally had amplitudes of up to 24 mV and declined to baseline during distensions that exceeded 10-15 s. Distensions at intervals of less than 20 s evoked successively smaller oral compound EJPs; after four distensions in 30 the amplitude of the compound EJP had fallen to less than 10%. The amplitude of the oral compound EJP was reduced by @entity5591 (1 microM), but the extent of the reduction depended on the degree of distension; responses to mild stimuli were blocked, whereas those to strong stimuli were only slightly reduced. The amplitude of the @entity5591 -resistant component of the compound EJP was markedly reduced by antagonists of substance P receptors in the muscle. In the presence of muscarinic and @entity13630 antagonists, a transient compound IJP could be detected on the oral side of the stimulus. The compound IJPs recorded anal to the distension had amplitudes up to 22 mV but the potential returned to baseline during prolonged distension. In the presence of @entity5591 (1 microM) some inhibitory activity continued throughout prolonged stimuli. Compound IJP amplitudes were not significantly reduced by repeated distensions separated by more than 6 s. At anal sites a transient depolarization (off-response) was recorded immediately following the termination of a distension in some preparations. The off-response was unaffected by @entity5591 and was more readily observed after the further addition of substance P antagonists. The compound IJPs were almost completely blocked by apamin (0.2 microM). The compound EJPs and IJPs recorded orally were blocked by @entity4033 (100 microM), but the amplitudes of compound IJPs recorded anally were significantly reduced by @entity4033 (100-200 microM) only at recording sites greater than 15 mm from the centre of the balloon. The off-response was reduced by @entity4033 at all sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Distension-evoked ascending and descending reflexes in the circular muscle of XXXX ileum: an intracellular study.

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['hyoscine']

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: Resuscitation of @entity548 requires volume replacement and restoration of @entity26 metabolism. Artificial @entity26 carriers that can both expand blood volume and deliver @entity26 have been developed as resuscitation fluids. We employed hemoglobin vesicles ( @entity97 ), a cellular-type artificial @entity26 carrier, in a @entity235 @entity548 model to prove the efficacy of @entity97 . @entity548 was introduced in splenectomized @entity235 by withdrawing 50% of circulating blood from the femoral artery. Shock was maintained for 60 minutes before isovolemic resuscitation with @entity97 dispersed in 5% albumin in saline ( @entity97 ), lactated Ringer's solution (LR), 5% human serum albumin in saline (HSA), or autologous shed blood (ASB). One animal in the LR group died 150 min after resuscitation. All other animals survived 4 h of the experiment. The mean arterial pressure remained significantly lower in the LR group than in the @entity97 group but did not differ significantly among the @entity97 , @entity2313 , and ASB groups. Immediately after resuscitation, the @entity97 group showed a significantly higher mean pulmonary arterial pressure, which decreased within 10 minutes to the baseline level. The cardiac output was significantly higher in the @entity2313 group than in the others, indicating compensation for low @entity26 delivery per unit blood. The post-resuscitation hematocrit was 36% in the ASB group and decreased in the other groups (20-22%). Serum chemistry data from the @entity97 group were unremarkable. @entity97 contributed 32% of the post-resuscitation @entity26 delivery. Collectively, @entity97 is comparable to ASB and HSA as a resuscitation fluid and is an effective @entity26 carrier.

title: Fluid resuscitation of @entity548 with hemoglobin vesicles in XXXX : pilot study.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic shock', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['Beagle dogs', 'Beagle dog']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Beagle dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1374 may impair the quality of life (QoL) and may cause @entity1109 . The aim of this study is to investigate prospectively the effects of @entity1374 on quality of life, levels of @entity308 / @entity148 and the changes in these variables after treatment. METHODS: A total of 160 subjects, consisting of an overt @entity1375 group (n = 33), a @entity1375 group (n = 43), an overt @entity1378 group (n = 51), a subclinical @entity1378 group (n = 13), and a healthy control group (n = 20) were included in the study. All groups were evaluated with the @entity308 ( @entity308 ), Hamilton @entity148 Rating Scale (HARS), Short Form-36 (SF-36), and Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ). Health-related quality of life (HRQL) was measured by SF-36. RESULTS: @entity148 and @entity308 were more severe in @entity1 with overt hypo- and @entity1378 (p <0.001). The QoL was worse in overt or subclinical @entity1375 groups than in the control group [p = 0.013 for physical composite score (PCS); p = 0.002 for mental composite score (MCS)]. Psychological symptoms and QoL were improved in overt and @entity1375 and overt @entity1378 groups as a result of the treatment. The overt @entity1375 groups showed more improvement than the subclinical groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that restoration of euthyroidism is accompanied by improvement on QoL and @entity1109 in all groups except the subclinical @entity1378 group. Controlled, randomized studies in larger groups are, however, necessary.

title: XXXX , @entity148 , health-related quality of life, and disability in @entity1 with overt and subclinical @entity1374 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'hyper- and hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'Hamilton Depression Rating Scale', 'HDRS']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction', 'Thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: In the upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic hemostasis has not replaced surgery, but reduced it to a necessary minimum. @entity548 can be stanched by the injection method during emergency endoscopy. For bleeding esophageal varices we use @entity5324 , in other lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract we apply @entity556 and in the lower intestinal tract adrenalin. If endoscopic hemostasis is successful in small bleeding vessels, the efficiency of hemostatic injections can be trusted. Large visible vessels need to be operated early electively. After the introduction of this therapeutic concept, for example the operation frequency in @entity10189 could be reduced from 51% in 1982 to 28% in 1988. Mortality was improved from 22.1% to 4.7%. In @entity360 diagnostic problems occur especially with angio @entity1141 in the small intestine and colon. This is due to impaired accessibility in the small intestine and problematic cleaning of the colon. In the intestine surgical therapy of bleeding lesions has very few alternatives, for example palliative embolization of infusion of vasoconstrictiva.

title: [Diagnosis and therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Active bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['polidocanol']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: Decreased @entity19279 gene expression and loss of the capacity for either homologous or heterologous intercellular communication has been associated with @entity5 . We tested the hypothesis that loss of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) correlates with tumorigenic potential in the HeLa x skin fibroblast @entity1 hybrid cell system. @entity19279 gene expression, gap junction function and @entity7433 were determined for the non-tumorigenic somatic hybrid cell line ( @entity10807 ) and a series of UVC-induced tumorigenic cell lines derived from @entity10807 . @entity10807 and the parental skin fibroblasts express @entity495 (alpha1 gap junction gene) mRNA and protein, form gap junctional plaques and have functional gap junctions. UVC-irradiation of @entity10807 cells produced a cell line (UV12) with an @entity146 tumorigenic phenotype, which lost @entity495 expression as well as both homologous and heterologous GJIC and was in this respect similar to HeLa cells. However, the phenotype of UV12 cells exhibited some instability and revertants to a less @entity146 tumorigenic phenotype were isolated. These cells expressed @entity495 mRNA and protein, and demonstrated homologous GJIC. Furthermore, cells reconstituted from a @entity5 derived from this revertant cell line retained significant @entity495 expression and homologous GJIC, although they exhibited an @entity146 tumorigenic phenotype. Thus, functional homologous GJIC cannot be dissociated from @entity7433 in this system. However, heterologous GJIC between these same UVC-induced tumorigenic cell lines and normal @entity1 skin fibroblasts was reduced, whereas the non-tumorigenic hybrid cells showed extensive heterologous GJIC. In summary, re-acquisition of @entity495 expression and homologous GJIC does not restore the non-tumorigenic phenotype in UVC-induced tumorigenic HeLa skin fibroblast @entity1 hybrid cells. However, reduction of heterologous GJIC does correlate with @entity7433 in this cell system.

title: Gap junction expression following UVC-induced XXXX in @entity1 hybrid cell lines.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic transformation']

entities_list: @entity7433 :: ('MESH:D002471', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplastic transformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Cholecystectomy is the standard treatment for @entity14784 while percutaneous drainage is reserved for high-risk @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to assess the technical success rate and clinical efficacy of endoscopic gallbladder drainage in @entity1 with @entity14784 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 35 consecutive @entity1 with @entity14784 and without residual common @entity1448 were retrospectively identified. @entity1 were stratified according to the pathogenesis and stages of @entity14784 , and the morphology of the cystic duct and/or its insertion in the common bile duct. Primary outcomes were technical success and early and late clinical success. RESULTS: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed within the first 72 hours in 19 @entity1 (54%). Technical success was achieved in 29 @entity1 (83%); drainage was nasocholecystic in 21 of these (72%), plastic stenting in 6 (21%), and a combined method in 2 (7%). The pathogenesis and stage of @entity14784 , and the morphology both of the cystic duct and its insertion in the common bile duct, did not influence technical success. Clinical success was achieved in 24 cases (83%) after a median of 3 days (range 2-12). Four @entity1 (14%) died within 3 days due to septic complications, and one accidentally removed the nasocholecystic drain after 24 hours. Late results, available in 21 @entity1 after a median follow-up of 17 months, showed relapse of @entity14784 in 2 (10%) (both with stents) and of @entity158 in 2 @entity1 (10%), both of whom had nasocholecystic drainage. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1085 seems feasible and effective in resolving @entity14784 , but only as a temporary measure because of a 20% relapse rate in long-term follow-up. Prospective studies are necessary to identify which @entity1 would benefit most from this endoscopic technique in the short and long term.

title: XXXX for @entity14784 : technical and clinical results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['Endoscopic gallbladder drainage']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct obstruction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pain']

entities_list: @entity14784 :: ('MESH:D041881', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholecystitis']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['Endoscopic gallbladder drainage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell models are key instruments for in vitro studies of the thyroid. Permanent thyroid cell lines that are widely used in laboratory research typically originate from @entity5 . For many purposes it is desirable to compare @entity5 cells with cells originating from normal tissue. However, such cultures grow slowly, have a highly limited lifespan and are known to lose their thyroid characteristics. The aim of the present study was to type coding and noncoding thyroid markers in different culture systems in an attempt to determine the optimal conditions for in vitro experimentation. METHODS: @entity1 primary thyroid cells were isolated from histologically nontumorous tissues. Two alternative media (6H and H7h) were used. The morphology and behavior of the ensuing monolayer (2-dimensional) cultures was monitored by microscopy. The expression of key thyroid-related genes (n=9) was monitored by RT-PCR on Days 8, 21 and 43 after initiation. As a pilot study the same markers were studied in a 3-dimensional hanging-drop culture system. RESULTS: In the cultures with 6H or H7h medium, the primary thyroid cells displayed growth in numbers and size. Most cells retained the main morphological characteristics of thyroid cells throughout the first two weeks of culture and fibroblast-like cells appeared around Day 19. By Day 21, most thyroid gene markers were retained but by Day 43 several markers were no longer present. The lncRNA transcripts @entity48053 (spliced) and @entity48054 were the first to disappear. There were no fundamental differences between the two media in the early period of culture. In the 3-dimensional system most thyroid markers were retained by Day 21. CONCLUSION: Cultures of thyroid cells retain many thyroid characteristics up to Day 21 whereafter fibroblast-like dedifferentiated cells begin to dominate.

title: Primary cell culture systems for XXXX thyroid studies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Thirty-five @entity1 with a median age of 55 years (range, 28 to 68 years) and a median Karnofsky status of 80% (range, 40% to 100%) were treated with @entity1260 (1.5 g/m2 plus mesna), @entity1499 (40 mg/m2), and @entity1487 (600 mg/m2) intravenously (IV) days 1 and 8 at intervals of 4 weeks. Thirty-four @entity1 had received previous chemotherapy, including anthracyclines in 28 @entity1 . All @entity1 were evaluable for response. A partial remission was achieved in six @entity1 (17%), stable disease in 13 @entity1 (37%), and 16 @entity1 (46%) were unresponsive. Median time to progression was 7 months (range, 4 to 13 months) for partial responders, and 4 months for @entity1 with stable disease. Median survival was 9 months for all @entity1 , 13 months for partial responders, 16 months for no change, and 3 months for progressive disease. @entity137 was tolerable, with myelotoxicity being a dose-limiting factor, mainly in heavily pretreated @entity1 . No treatment-related @entity204 occurred. In conclusion, this combination is effective and well tolerated. @entity1260 is suggested for further evaluation in advanced @entity0 .

title: @entity1260 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 in advanced pretreated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: This study investigated measures of sexual behavior displayed by female @entity35 in bilevel chambers, the statistical relationships among the measures, and their dependency on hormone priming. Normative data from a standard 35-min test of sexual behavior were gathered from 82 fully primed sexually experienced Long-Evans females and subjected to multiple correlational and factor analyses. Several consummatory measures of copulation were related significantly, whereas appetitive level changing was statistically independent of consummatory measures. Factor analyses were conducted using orthogonal rotations of correlational matrices derived either from (a) measures of female behavior alone or (b) measures of female and male behavior together. The first analysis revealed five factors that accounted for 84% of the intersubject variance: Receptivity, Pacing, Appetitive Level Changing, @entity1515 Reflex, and Solicitation. The second factor analysis with male data included revealed seven factors that accounted for 95% of the intersubject variance: Pacing, Copulatory Rate, Mount Count, Receptivity, Appetitive Level Changing, Solicitation, and @entity1515 Reflex. Subsequently, subsets of these females were maintained on different @entity134 priming regimens (oil, low @entity172 , high @entity172 , high @entity172 and @entity1420 ) prior to a standard test of sexual behavior. Although the expression of all @entity146 required @entity172 priming, appetitive level changing, solicitation, and pacing required @entity1420 for their full expression. Finally, appetitive level changing developed following hormone treatment alone, regardless of whether the females received access to sexually active males, inactive castrated males, or other females. Use of bilevel chambers allows complex patterns of sexual behavior to be observed in female @entity35 and may thus facilitate the identification of neurochemical or endocrine mechanisms associated with different aspects of female sexual motivation and performance.

title: Appetitive and consummatory @entity146 of female XXXX in bilevel chambers. I. A correlational and factor analysis and the effects of ovarian hormones.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is an aggressive @entity5 , like other common @entity5 , it displays a wide range of biology. However, at present, there are no reliable tests to predict @entity1 ' @entity5 -specific outcomes and guide personalized treatment decisions. In this study, we aim to identify such biomarkers in resectable @entity1124 by studying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the @entity1759 gene, which drives the progression of @entity788 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: 348 @entity1124 @entity1 from three independent cohorts (Switzerland, Germany, The @entity5 (TCGA)) who underwent pancreatic resection are included in the study. Information on the haplotype structure of the @entity1759 gene is obtained using 1000 Genomes Project data and the genotypes of the respective tagging SNPs are determined. Cox proportional hazards models are utilized to analyze the impact of SNP genotype on @entity1 ' survival. RESULTS: We identify a SNP in the @entity1759 gene (SNPrs187115) that independently associates with allelic differences in prognosis in all study cohorts. Specifically, in 121 Swiss @entity1 , we observe an up-to 2.38-fold (p=0.020) difference in @entity5 -related death between the genotypes of SNPrs187115. We validate those results in both the German (hazard ratio (HR)=2.32, p=0.044, 101 @entity1 ) and the TCGA cohort (HR=2.36, p=0.044, 126 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1759 SNPrs187115 can serve as a novel biomarker readily available at the time of @entity1124 diagnosis that identifies @entity1 at risk for faster @entity5 progression and guide personalized treatment decisions. It has the potential to significantly expand the pool of @entity1 that would benefit from @entity5 resection.

title: @entity1759 SNP rs187115: A novel biomarker signature that predicts survival in resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer Genome Atlas', 'cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) on the numbers of leukocytes in the peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of @entity1 with active @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Twelve @entity1 were treated with @entity1500 ; 5 @entity1 not taking @entity1500 served as controls. Samples of PB and SF were collected at 0, 1, 4, and 8 weeks of the study. Disease activity was scored, and total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and CD4+, CD8+, DR+, and @entity2902 + lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in PB and SF. @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) concentrations in SF were determined. RESULTS: @entity1 treated with @entity1500 showed significant clinical improvement. No change in PB leukocytes or lymphocyte subsets was observed in either @entity1 group over the 8-week study period. In contrast, the number of leukocytes, the number and proportion of neutrophils, and the concentration of @entity1356 in the SF of @entity1 treated with @entity1500 were reduced. In addition, in @entity1500 -treated @entity1 , there was an appreciable decrease in SF CD8+ lymphocytes, but not CD4+, DR+, or @entity2902 + lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that in @entity309 , @entity1500 acts, at least in part, by reducing the migration of leukocytes into the inflamed synovium. Local reduction of @entity1356 secretion may contribute to this effect.

title: Reduction of leukocyte and @entity1356 concentrations in the synovial fluid of @entity309 @entity1 treated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin (U- @entity2313 ) have been suggested as indicators for the early identification of @entity1 with @entity8 . The Gubbio Study collected data on serum @entity1011 , UAlb, other laboratory indices, blood pressure, and medical history in a population sample of 4574 adults (2083 @entity1 and 2491 @entity1 , age range 18- 95 years). The study included analyses on six disorders which are commonly associated with @entity8 ( @entity101 , @entity65 , @entity417 , high serum @entity414 , high serum @entity3151 /low serum @entity460 , and high serum @entity972 ). Low eGFR (<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) was found in 6.6% of @entity1 and 6.2% of @entity1 . Low eGFR prevalence varied largely with age (from <1% at 18-24 years up to > 30% at > or =75 years in both sexes, p<0.001). On the basis of these data, it was estimated that the prevalence of low eGFR in the whole Italian population could be 1.3 million among @entity1 (95%CI 1.1/1.5) and 1.5 million among @entity1 (95%CI 1.3/1.8). Data available only for age 45-64 indicate that 6.4% of @entity1 and 3.0% of @entity1 have high U- @entity2313 (> or =20 microg/min) in the presence of non-low eGFR. Low eGFR was associated with at least two disorders potentially due to @entity8 in the majority of @entity1 but was rarely associated with a previous diagnosis of @entity8 (<5% of cases). These data support the use of eGFR for the screening of @entity1 with or at risk of developing @entity8 . Awareness of @entity8 is very low in the Italian population.

title: [Early detection of chronic kidney disease: epidemiological data on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease', 'kidney dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal dysfunction']


abstract: Track-etch detectors made of cellulose @entity1507 (LR 115, Kodak Path  ) and @entity6027 ( @entity43430 , Pershore Mouldings Ltd) were compared regarding sensitivity and background when used as detectors for @entity9725 determination in biological samples. Measurements were made on two kinds of sample, cryosectioned biological tissue, and liquid samples deposited directly on the detector surface as microdroplets. The @entity43430 films were pretreated or washed before irradiation. When cryosectioned tissue was used, measurements were made with and without the inclusion of Mylar foils between the samples and the detectors. Foil thicknesses used were 2 microns in the case of LR 115 and 2, 4, and 6 microns in the case of @entity43430 . All samples were irradiated with a thermal-neutron fluence of 5 x 10(12) neutrons cm-2 at the thermal-neutron facility in Studsvik, Sweden. The use of a Mylar foil generally suppressed the background tracks relative to the tracks from the 10B disintegration. No difference in resolution between @entity43430 and LR 115 was observed. Pretreatment of the @entity43430 resulted in an improved sensitivity of detection but the detector became saturated at 0.25 parts per million of 10B. The background was found to be lower in the pretreated detector.

title: Quantitative neutron capture radiography for XXXX in biological specimens.

entities_list: @entity6027 :: ('CHEBI:61433', 'Chemical') :: ['polycarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity9725 :: (MESH:D001895,Chemical) :: ['boron']


abstract: Americans simultaneously worry about dying and about being tethered to machines that keep them alive beyond a point when life has any meaning. @entity1 living with @entity221 often feel isolated from life around them and a burden on those they love; they feel uncertain that their deaths will be relatively free of @entity158 and suffering and that their dignity will be compromised as little as possible. These failings can be remedied. Traditional hospice care and integrating palliative care into the general medical setting are important, but they cannot alone occasion a better dying. The medical community must re-imagine dying and reflect about ways to transform image into reality in practice and in training colleagues and successors. Physicians and others know how to provide care and even improve living when cure is unlikely; the harder task is to respect such care as profoundly as curing. The exigencies of modern medicine, where time is a budgetable commodity, makes caring well for dying @entity1 difficult. Medicine cannot have hegemony over dying and cannot singularly offer @entity1 a better @entity204 , but it cannot absent itself either. The almost single-minded focus on decision making that has infused conversations about dying and @entity204 may divert attention from the attentiveness and loving relationships that are as vital as life's end as at its beginning. Medicine has "colonized" @entity204 : It has transformed it into a place where progress in staving it off may appear to be unlimited, and thus it encourages forgetting that @entity204 is part of the @entity1 condition. The task before medicine, and academic medicine in particular, is to transform @entity204 back into a @entity1 scale. With all that is available to delay @entity204 --but not to make it optional--the most important task is to recover humbleness before an awesome moment and be with the @entity1 , one @entity1 being to another, knowing that dying is not always open to solutions.

title: Reflections on XXXX and dying.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['terminal illness']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity28 has increased worldwide over the past few decades. In 2013, the prevalence of @entity28 exceeded the 50% of the adult population in some countries from Oceania, North Africa, and Middle East. Lower but still alarmingly high prevalence was observed in North America (   30%) and in Western Europe (   20%). These figures are of serious concern because of the strong link between @entity28 and disease. In the present review, we summarize the current evidence on the relationship of @entity28 with @entity65 ( @entity65 ), discussing how both the degree and the duration of @entity28 affect @entity65 . Although in the general population, @entity28 and, especially, severe @entity28 are consistently and strongly related with higher risk of @entity65 incidence and mortality, the one-size-fits-all approach should not be used with @entity28 . There are relevant factors largely affecting the @entity65 prognosis of @entity28 individuals. In this context, we thoroughly discuss important concepts such as the fat-but-fit paradigm, the @entity28 ( @entity28 ) phenotype and the @entity28 paradox in @entity1 with @entity65 . About the @entity28 phenotype and its @entity65 prognosis, available data have provided mixed findings, what could be partially because of the adjustment or not for key confounders such as @entity410 , and to the lack of consensus on the @entity28 definition. In the present review, we propose a scientifically based harmonized definition of @entity28 , which will hopefully contribute to more comparable data in the future and a better understanding on the @entity28 subgroup and its @entity65 prognosis.

title: Obesity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['MHO', 'obese', 'metabolically healthy but obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ) is an @entity146 , rapidly progressive @entity5 lacking clinical and molecular predictors of outcome. METHODS: @entity1822 @entity1 (n = 349) were classified by disease status at presentation to MDACC as having intra-abdominal (n = 157) or distant metastatic disease (n = 192). @entity1 , @entity5 , treatment, and outcome variables were retrospectively retrieved. Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity5 and control tissues from these @entity1 (n = 109) were assembled in a tissue microarray and evaluated for hormone receptors and markers of angiogenesis, cell-cycle progression and survival. @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment variables were correlatively analyzed. RESULTS: The 5- and 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) for the cohort was 42 and 27 %, respectively. @entity1 with primary @entity5 had better outcomes than those with recurrent intraperitoneal @entity5 . Whites had a more favorable prognosis. In @entity1 with @entity5 , only mitotic count >10M/10HPF portended poorer prognosis. @entity1 with @entity358 had improved outcomes with "curative" metastasectomy. @entity1822 samples exhibited loss of ER and PR expression, overexpressed Ki-67, and altered @entity876 , Rb, @entity986 , cytoplasmic @entity3546 , @entity470 , @entity675 , @entity3820 , and @entity14029 levels. @entity3 had increased @entity7 , Ki-67, and survivin expression versus localized disease. Survivin and @entity3546 expression were associated with intraperitoneal recurrence; high @entity588 expression predicted longer DSS. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of both clinicopathologic factors and immunohistochemical biomarkers in @entity1822 identified several prognostic clinical and molecular factors, suggesting that further study may lead to improved @entity1822 understanding and treatment.

title: XXXX management, outcome, and associated molecular biomarkers: a single institution's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'intra-abdominal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['ULMS', 'Uterine leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Uterine leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: AIM: To compare the effectiveness of an acid-buffering formulation gel (ACIDFORM) with @entity868 gel in the treatment of symptomatic @entity6981 ( @entity6981 ). METHODS: After a confirmed diagnosis of @entity6981 according to the criteria established by Nugent and Amsel, 30 nonpregnant @entity1 were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind clinical study. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either 5 g ACIDFORM gel (n = 13) or 10% @entity868 gel (n = 17) intravaginally once daily for five consecutive days. @entity1 were evaluated in two follow-up visits (7-12 days and 28-35 days after treatment). Therapeutic success was defined as the presence of less than three of Amsel's criteria. If three or more criteria were present at first or second follow-up visit, the @entity1 was excluded from the study and treated orally with @entity868 . Nugent scores were recorded at each visit but these were not used to define cure. RESULTS: At the first follow-up visit, 15 (88%) of the @entity1 in the @entity868 group were cured compared with only three (23%) in the ACIDFORM group (P < 0.001). The remaining 12 @entity1 (10 of the ACIDFORM group and two of the @entity868 group) were considered as failure and were treated orally with @entity868 . At the second follow-up visit, two of the ACIDFORM-treated @entity1 and six of the @entity868 -treated @entity1 presented recurrent @entity6981 . Four @entity1 in the ACIDFORM group and one in the @entity868 group reported occasional burning and itching during product use. CONCLUSION: ACIDFORM gel was significantly less effective than high-dose @entity868 gel for the treatment of symptomatic @entity6981 .

title: A pilot clinical trial comparing an acid-buffering formulation (ACIDFORM gel) with @entity868 gel for the treatment of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['BV', 'bacterial vaginosis']

answer: @entity6981 :: (MESH:D016585,Disease) :: ['bacterial vaginosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent pathophysiologic research demonstrated the crucial role played by adhesion molecules in recruiting and activating inflammatory cells during @entity56 . DATA SOURCES: Intracellular adhesion molecule ( @entity2071 ) expression on nasal epithelial cells is involved in two main pathogenetic phenomena. The first is to allow leukocyte infiltration of respiratory mucosa, since they express @entity1453 and @entity1454 , which are ligands of @entity2071 . This point is very important, because it has been demonstrated that @entity1 with mite @entity566 (ie, continuously exposed to allergen) present a minimal persistent @entity32 (MPI) both at nasal and conjunctival levels. This @entity32 is characterized by the presence of leukocyte infiltration and @entity2071 expression on epithelial cells and by a relationship between specific and nonspecific hyperreactivity in the absence of clinical symptoms. The second is that @entity2071 is also the main receptor of the @entity1 rhinoviruses. This fact may partially explain the relationship among @entity566 , @entity1800 , and @entity565 attacks. STUDY SELECTION: Different studies have been performed to demonstrate the possible effects on the different clinical aspects of MPI exerted by an antiallergic drug. RESULTS: It has been demonstrated that @entity14746 is able to reduce @entity2071 expression on nasal epithelial cells and conjunctival nonspecific hyperreactivity in asthmatic asymptomatic @entity1 with MPI. CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutical strategy of mite @entity566 should be targeted to treat minimal persistent @entity32 .

title: Minimal persistent XXXX may be controlled by @entity14746 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity14746 :: ('MESH:D017332', 'Chemical') :: ['cetirizine']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: 1. Metabolism of tritiated water and 22sodium was studied in six beef @entity291 under Mediterranean summer conditions in order to find whether the turnover of these tracers can be used to evaluate pasture intake. 2. The diet of the @entity291 included ad libitum access to two components which were given separately in different troughs: one was poultry litter and the other was @entity3505 straw, to simulate the dry pasture. 3. Voluntary daily dry matter intake (111 g/kg0.75) was unexpectedly high considering the low digestibility of the feed. 4. The assumptions of constant ratios of water intake to water turnover and of dry matter intake to water intake were confirmed. Consequently, dry matter intake was determined accurately from water turnover measurements. 5. @entity1372 intake was practically equal to @entity1372 turnover and most of the @entity1372 secreted in feces was of endogenous origin. 6. Pasture intake can be predicted from @entity1372 turnover once the concentration in feed and water consumed is known.

title: Interrelationship between metabolism of tritiated water, 22sodium and dry matter intake by beef @entity291 consuming XXXX straw and poultry litter in free choice.

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium', 'Sodium']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sociodemographic and psychopathological characteristics as well as treatment approaches to @entity1 at an outpatient clinic for @entity734 are described. METHODS: Descriptive study based on randomly sampled medical charts and registration forms of subjects presenting for treatment from 1986 to 1993. RESULTS: The sample was made up predominantly of young white unmarried @entity1 , with low occupational status. The number of years of schooling was greater than that of individuals of the same age group in the general population. Thirty-six percent of the subjects were sons of broken-down marriages, 14% had been abandoned by parents during childhood and 14% had lost one of their parents by death. Fifty percent complained of an absent father in their upbringing. Sixteen percent of the @entity1 reported physical abuse in their childhood and the father was the perpetrator in 68% of the cases. The mean age at which subjects started to use drugs was 17.4 years. @entity2072 was by far the most abused drug, either alone (34%) or together with other drugs (52%). Slightly less than half of the individuals used marijuana, whereas one fifth were also addicted to @entity167 . In the time interval covered by the study the proportion of @entity2072 abusers increased, whereas marijuana and intravenous drug users decreased among those subjects who attended the program. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provided information for services assessment and for the modification of the organization of the treatment of @entity734 .

title: [Client characteristics at a center for treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['Cocaine', 'cocaine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse', 'drug addicts']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug dependence']


abstract: The procoagulant activity observed in many types of tissue and cultured cells is due to tissue factor, a 30 kd transmembrane protein. The mRNA for tissue factor is a 2.2-kb species, which in some non- @entity5 cells can be up-regulated or induced by cytokines or by serum stimulation. In this study, induction of procoagulant activity in @entity5 cells was evaluated using the @entity0 cell line, MCF-7, and an @entity632 resistant subline, AdrRMCF-7, which has increased tumorigenicity in @entity19 compared to the parental cell line. Procoagulant activity was factor VIIa dependent and was inhibited by an anti-tissue factor antibody. MCF-7 cells had minimal tissue factor activity, while AdrRMCF-7 cells had an 10-fold increase compared to the parental line. This increase was not observed in MCF-7 cells transfected with the multi-drug resistant gene, which is associated with @entity632 resistance. Serum stimulation of quiescent MCF-7 cells increased tissue factor activity 5-fold over baseline level, but did not increase activity in cells grown in serum-replete medium. Tissue factor activity of AdrRMCF-7 quiescent cells and AdrMCF-7 cells grown in serum-replete medium was enhanced 2-fold by serum stimulation. The predominant tissue factor mRNA species in MCF-7 cells was a 3.2 to 3.4-kb band, which increased in response to serum stimulation of cells grown in serum-replete medium. The mature 2.2-kb tissue factor mRNA band was detected in quiescent MCF-7 cells within six hours of serum stimulation and remained present 24 hours after stimulation. Synthesis of the 2.2-kb tissue factor mRNA species in MCF-7 and AdrRMCF-7 cells correlated with appearance of procoagulant activity. Thus, while procoagulant activity correlates with the level of the 2.2-kb tissue factor mRNA species in these @entity5 cells, there are inherent differences in tissue factor activity, antigen, and mRNA levels, as well as in regulation of its synthesis between these cells.

title: Synthesis of tissue factor messenger RNA and procoagulant activity in XXXX cells in response to serum stimulation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Type 1 collagen is the most abundant protein in the @entity1 body and a major constituent of the interstitial connective tissue. However, little is known about @entity1473 -terminal propeptide of @entity4173 (PICP) expression in @entity1 @entity14 tissues. We therefore evaluated the concentrations of PICP in @entity14 tissue as well as surrounding normal tissues and examined the relationship between its level and clinicopathological variables. METHODOLOGY: Tumor and normal tissues from 40 @entity1 with @entity14 who had been operated on were stored at -80 degrees C until assays. PICP was assayed by sandwich immunoassay. RESULTS: It was found that the PICP level was significantly higher in the @entity5 extracts than in the normal tissue extracts (P < 0.0001). The ANOVA test showed that the level of PICP in @entity5 tissue was higher in the @entity1 with advanced @entity14 than those with early stage disease (P < 0.0001). There were statistically significant differences with regard to the depth of @entity5 invasion, presence of lymph node @entity3 , and hepatic @entity3 (P < 0.05). There were also quantitative differences with respect to the PICP levels between obstructing @entity5 and @entity189 (P < 0.05), but the elevated PICP levels in @entity5 tissues were not associated with the type of histologic differentiation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although these findings suggest that PICP value in @entity5 tissue is most likely related to the some histomorphological architecture of the @entity5 , the authors believe that the prognostic significance of PICP expression in primary @entity14 and normal tissues requires further evaluation.

title: Correlation between tissue levels of @entity1473 -terminal propeptide of XXXX and clinicopathological characteristics in @entity1 @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4173 :: ('1278', 'Gene') :: ['type I procollagen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['non-obstructing carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity4173 :: (1278,Gene) :: ['type I procollagen']


abstract: @entity794 is an important cause of @entity281 in dairy herds. Both lactational and dry @entity291 therapy are part of Staph. aureus control programs. Reported cure rates for Staph. aureus @entity1271 vary considerably. The probability of cure depends on @entity291 , pathogen, and treatment factors. Cure rates decrease with increasing age of the @entity291 , increasing somatic cell count, increasing duration of @entity281 , increasing bacterial colony counts in milk before treatment, and increasing number of quarters infected. @entity794 @entity1271 in hind quarters has a low cure rate compared with front quarters. Antimicrobial treatment of intramammary infections with @entity114 -resistant Staph. aureus strains results in a lower cure rate for treatment with either @entity3405 or non- @entity3405 antibiotics. Other strain-specific factors may affect the probability of cure but routine diagnostic methods for use in bacteriology laboratories or veterinary practices are not yet available. The most important treatment factor affecting cure is treatment duration. Increased duration of treatment is associated with increased chance of cure. Economically, extended treatment is not always justified, even when indirect effects of treatment such as prevention of contagious transmission are taken into consideration. Usefulness of treatment trials could be improved by standardization of case definitions, consideration of host and strain factors, and sufficient statistical power. Treatment of young animals with @entity114 -sensitive Staph. @entity281 is often justified based on bacteriological cure and economic outcome, whereas treatment of older animals, @entity281 , or @entity114 -resistant isolates should be discouraged.

title: Invited Review: The role of @entity291 , pathogen, and treatment regimen in the therapeutic success of @entity291 @entity794 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['udder infections', 'infection', 'chronic infections', 'aureus infections']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']