abstract: @entity1496 is used to disinfect potable water on United States spacecraft. Iodinated potable water will likely be used to grow plants in space. Little is known about the effects of @entity1496 disinfection products on plants. Seeds of select higher plants were germinated in water iodinated using the Shuttle Microbial Check Valve, and water to which measured amounts of @entity6893 was added. Percent germination was decreased in seeds of most species germinated in iodinated water. Beans were most affected. Germination rates, determined from germination half-times, were decreased for beans germinated in iodinated water, and water to which @entity6893 was added. Development was retarded and rootlets were conspicuously absent in @entity36011 and several other plant species germinated in iodinated water. @entity6893 alone did not elicit these responses. Clearly @entity1496 disinfection products can affect higher plants. These effects must be carefully considered for plant experimentation and cultivation in space, and in design and testing of closed environmental life support systems.

title: Effect of XXXX disinfection products on higher plants.

entities_list: @entity1496 :: ('MESH:D007455', 'Chemical') :: ['iodine', 'Iodine']

entities_list: @entity6893 :: ('CHEBI:16382', 'Chemical') :: ['iodide', 'Iodide']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: A 2 month-old @entity1 was admitted to the authors' hospital because of regurgitation and persistent cough during breastfeeding. A chest X-ray examination and a barium esophagogram disclosed small amounts of barium passing in the @entity825 , suggesting a @entity4501 ( @entity4501 ). Bronchoscopy combined with upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy performed with the @entity1 under general anesthesia confirmed the @entity292 . The @entity4501 was treated by injection of 1 ml @entity21388 2 from the esophageal side. A nasogastric tube was placed for feedings, and 7 days later, a barium esophagogram showed a reduction of caliber but not complete closure of the @entity4501 . Unsuccessful @entity292 obliteration with @entity21388 was attributed to technical difficulties in catheterization of the @entity292 orifice, mainly resulting from its close proximity to the upper esophageal sphincter and to its small caliber. Therefore, an @entity3459 ( @entity3459 ) probe with a circumferentially oriented nozzle was used from the esophageal side as an alternative technique to fulgurate the residual @entity292 orifice (see video). A nasogastric tube was placed for feedings. Oral feeding was started 7 days later when a barium esophagogram confirmed complete @entity292 closure. At the 2-year follow-up visit, the @entity1 was asymptomatic, and the barium esophagogram was negative. This report describes a case in which esophagoscopy gave a clear view of the @entity292 due to its direction from esophagus to @entity825 . @entity292 was not obtained with @entity21388 . However, @entity3459 was successfully used to close the residual @entity292 orifice. The authors suggest that @entity3459 can be used as an alternative endoscopic technique to repair @entity4501 when other techniques fail.

title: Video: @entity3459 in a 2-month-old XXXX with @entity4501 .

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['TEF', 'tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'argon plasma coagulator']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'Complete fistula obliteration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: The continuous intragastric enteral feeding protocol in the @entity35 was a major development in @entity167 -induced @entity99 (ALI) research. Much of what has been learned to date involves inhibitors or nutritional manipulations that may not be specific. Knockout technology avoids these potential problems. Therefore, we used long-term intragastric cannulation in @entity19 to study early ALI. Reactive @entity26 species are involved in mechanisms of early ALI; however, their key source remains unclear. @entity9603 is induced predominantly in hepatocytes by @entity1068 and could be one source of reactive @entity26 species leading to @entity99 . We aimed to determine if @entity9603 was involved in ALI by adapting the enteral @entity167 (EA) feeding model to @entity9603 knockout (-/-) @entity19 . Female @entity9603 wild-type (+/+) or -/- @entity19 were given a high-fat liquid diet with either @entity1068 or isocaloric @entity7969 -dextrin as control continuously for 4 wk. All @entity19 gained weight steadily over 4 wk, and there were no significant differences between groups. There were also no differences in @entity1068 elimination rates between @entity9603 +/+ and -/- @entity19 after acute @entity1068 administration to naive @entity19 or @entity19 receiving EA for 4 wk. However, EA stimulated rates 1.4-fold in both groups. EA elevated serum @entity492 aminotransferase levels threefold to similar levels over control in both @entity9603 +/+ and -/- @entity19 . Liver histology was normal in control groups. In contrast, @entity19 given @entity1068 developed mild @entity1560 , @entity32 , and @entity39 ; however, there were no differences between the @entity9603 +/+ and -/- groups. Chronic EA induced other CYP families ( @entity43340 , @entity48921 , CYP1A, and @entity5795 ) to the same extent in @entity9603 +/+ and -/- @entity19 . Furthermore, @entity48922 radical adducts were also similar in both groups. Data presented here are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidants from @entity9603 play only a small role in mechanisms of early ALI in @entity19 . Moreover, this new @entity19 model illustrates the utility of knockout technology in ALI research.

title: @entity9603 is not involved in early @entity167 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['slight inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many cellular elements responsible for wound healing are affected by laparotomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of laparotomy and @entity515 @entity516 on wound healing. METHODS: Male @entity35 were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups. Anesthesia control @entity35 underwent no procedure. Pneumoperitoneum group @entity35 were insufflated with @entity515 gas. Laparotomy group @entity35 underwent a 7-cm midline laparotomy incision. The interventions were 30 min long. For the incisional study (n = 30), a 4-cm dorsal full-thickness skin incision was made on each @entity35 and then closed with staples. On postoperative days 7 and 14, an equal number of @entity35 were sacrificed from each group, and wound tensile strength measurements were performed. For the excisional study (n = 45), each group of 15 @entity35 underwent a 2-cm diameter circular dorsal full-thickness skin excision. Blinded measurements of wound area were performed every other day until wounds closed. RESULTS: Wound tensile strength values were not significantly different among experimental groups at either time point. The study had a power of 80% to find a 30% difference at POD 7 and a power of 80% to find a 23% difference at POD 14 to a confidence level of p < 0.05. Wound contraction data from the excisional model were analyzed with the Generalized Estimation Equations statistical approach. When we modeled the treatment group as a covariate, no statistical difference was found between groups, demonstrating equal slopes across time. CONCLUSIONS: From the results of these studies, we conclude that wound healing in this model is not significantly diminished following laparotomy or peritoneal insufflation, as compared to anesthesia control.

title: Wound tensile strength and contraction rate are not affected by laparotomy or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity516 :: (MESH:D011027,Disease) :: ['pneumoperitoneum']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: One of the causes of uncontrolled @entity3528 ( @entity3528 ) is @entity1 's poor drug adherence. We evaluated the clinical benefits of an integrated care approach on the control of @entity3528 by cinacalcet. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter, open-label study. Fifty hemodialysis @entity1 on a stable dose of cinacalcet were randomized to an integrated care approach (IC) or usual care approach (UC). In the IC group, cinacalcet adherence was monitored using an electronic system. Results were discussed with the @entity1 in motivational interviews, and drug prescription adapted accordingly. In the UC group, drug adherence was monitored, but results were not available. RESULTS: At six months, 84% of @entity1 in the IC group achieved recommended iPTH targets versus 55% in the UC group (P = 0.04). The mean cinacalcet taking adherence improved by 10.8% in the IC group and declined by 5.3% in the UC group (P = 0.02). Concomitantly, the mean dose of cinacalcet was reduced by 7.2 mg/day in the IC group and increased by 6.4 mg/day in the UC group (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The use of a drug adherence monitoring program in the management of @entity3528 in hemodialysis @entity1 receiving cinacalcet improves drug adherence and iPTH control and allows a reduction in the dose of cinacalcet.

title: Clinical benefits of an adherence monitoring program in the management of XXXX with cinacalcet: results of a prospective randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism', 'sHPT']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) and the @entity239 ( @entity239 ) coexist in many @entity1 . We conducted complementary studies of the prevalence of @entity239 in @entity1744 @entity1 and matched controls, and of @entity1744 in @entity239 @entity1 and the implications of concomitant @entity1744 and @entity239 on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). METHODS: A study of 79 @entity1744 @entity1 with 72 matched controls ( @entity1744 study), and a study of 100 @entity239 @entity1 ( @entity239 study). All @entity1 underwent tests of tender point sites and threshold of tenderness and answered questionnaires including personal and medical history, @entity1109 , and indices of HRQOL. RESULTS: In the @entity1744 study, 25 of the 79 @entity1744 @entity1 (31.6%) and 3 of the 72 controls (4.2%) had @entity239 (p < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were found among the study groups in terms of global well-being (p < 0.001), @entity25 (p < 0.001), physician visits (p = 0.003), @entity158 (p < 0.001), @entity148 (p < 0.001), and global severity index (SCL-90-R) (p < 0.001), with @entity1 with @entity1744 and @entity239 having the worst results. @entity1744 @entity1 had significantly more tender points than controls (p < 0.001). In the @entity239 study, 32 of the 100 @entity239 @entity1 (32%) had @entity1744 . @entity1 with @entity74 had significantly worse scores for physical functioning (p = 0.030) and for all but one of a 16-item quality of life questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: @entity239 and @entity1744 coexist in many @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity74 have worse scores on HRQOL indices than @entity1 with either disorder alone, or controls. Physicians treating these @entity1 should be aware of the overlap, which can affect the presentation of symptoms, health care utilization, and treatment strategies.

title: @entity239 in the XXXX : studies of prevalence and clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome', 'FS']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['GI symptoms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['both disorders']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess critical incident exposure among @entity341 services personnel in the developing world context of South Africa; and to assess associated mental health consequences. METHODS: We recruited a representative sample from emergency services in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, to participate in this cross sectional epidemiological study. Questionnaires covered critical incident exposure, general psychopathology, risky @entity167 use, symptoms of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), and psychological and physical aggression between co-workers. Open ended questions addressed additional stressors. RESULTS: @entity3124 and rates of general psychopathology were higher than in studies in the developed world. Exposure to critical incidents was associated with general psychopathology, symptoms of @entity1005 , and with aggression between co-workers, but not with @entity167 use. Ambulance, fire, and sea rescue services had lower general psychopathology scores than traffic police. The sea rescue service also scored lower than traffic police on @entity1005 and @entity146 . The defence force had higher rates of exposure to physical assault, and in ambulance services, younger staff were more vulnerable to assault. @entity1 had higher rates of general psychopathology and of exposure to @entity146 . Other stressors identified included death notification, working conditions, and organisational problems. CONCLUSIONS: Service organisations should be alert to the possibility that their personnel are experiencing work -related mental health and behavioural problems, and should provide appropriate support. Attention should also be given to organisational issues that may add to the stress of incidents. Workplace programmes should support vulnerable groups, and address death notification and appropriate expression of anger.

title: XXXX in South African emergency services personnel: prevalence and associated mental health issues.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychological aggression']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['prehospital emergency']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['Critical incident exposure']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['Critical incident exposure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The indications for the use of thrombolytic agents in @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) remain controversial and it has been suggested that transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examination, which is able to detect an associated right @entity67 , may cast light on this question. The goal of this study was to examine the incidence of @entity3618 ( @entity3618 ) in @entity1151 , diagnosed on the basis of TTE criteria, its clinical implications and its resolution rate. DESIGN: Ten-year retrospective clinical study. SETTING: A medical and a coronary intensive care unit, university hospital. @entity1 : One hundred sixty-one @entity1 with proven @entity1151 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity3618 was defined as right ventricular end-diastolic area / left ventricular end-diastolic area (RVEDA/LVEDA) ratio in the long axis greater than 0.6 associated with septal @entity910 in the @entity851 . @entity3618 @entity1 were divided into three groups according to circulatory status: 32 @entity1 without @entity1457 constituted group 1, 32 @entity1 with @entity1457 requiring inotropic support, but free of @entity520 , constituted group 2 and 34 @entity1 in whom @entity1457 was associated with @entity520 (defined by a base deficit >5 mEq/l) constituted group 3. RESULTS: @entity3618 was present in 61% of @entity1 with @entity1151 and carried a 23% mortality, but this mortality was very different in stable @entity1 (groups 1 and 2, 64 @entity1 , 3% mortality) and in unstable @entity1 (group 3, 34 @entity1 , 59% mortality). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the TTE results were not predictive of the risk of @entity204 . Conversely, the same analysis showed that the presence of @entity520 was a powerful predictor of @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Because none of the TTE measurements in @entity3618 could be used to stratify the severity of @entity1151 , TTE was of no help in deciding on medical thrombolysis. However, depending on its severity, @entity520 could justify a large cooperative study to assess the impact of thrombolytic therapy on mortality rate in this specific group.

title: @entity3618 in XXXX : incidence, echocardiographic pattern, clinical implications and recovery rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short axis']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['ACP', 'Acute cor pulmonale', 'acute cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['massive pulmonary embolism', 'MPE']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['massive pulmonary embolism']


abstract: Since penile venous surgery is usually associated with a poor postoperative outcome, a study was done to evaluate possible prognostic factors for this procedure. A total of 77 @entity1 with @entity323 underwent ligation of all dorsal penile veins and resection of the deep dorsal penile vein for @entity1211 . In all @entity1 a comprehensive evaluation was done preoperatively. All @entity1 did not respond to pharmacotherapy and had a venous leak. After a followup of 6 months, @entity1 were classified as having full spontaneous erections, failure and response to pharmacotherapy. Of the 77 @entity1 31 (40.3%) had full spontaneous erections, 8 (10.3%) were currently responding to pharmacotherapy and 38 (49.4%) failed. The maintenance flow was 75 +/- 45 ml. per minute in the group with spontaneous erections and 103 +/- 60 ml. per minute in the failure group (p = 0.20). Mean @entity1 age was 49.8 +/- 11.7 and 49.1 +/- 10.2 years, respectively (p = 0.23). Of the 41 @entity1 wih normal single potential analysis of cavernous electrical activity 28 had full erections postoperatively, 5 responded to pharmacotherapy and 8 failed, compared to 3, 3 and 30, respectively, of the 36 @entity1 with abnormal single potential analysis of cavernous electrical activity. After a mean followup of 21 months (range 6 to 47 months), 4 @entity1 with full erections at 6 months postoperatively currently require intracavernous pharmacotherapy. Our results indicate that single potential analysis of cavernous electrical activity seems to be an important prognostic factor for the postoperative outcome of penile venous surgery for @entity11539 .

title: Prognostic factors for the postoperative outcome of penile venous surgery for venogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous incompetence']

entities_list: @entity11539 :: ('MESH:D018783', 'Disease') :: ['venogenic impotence']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: We obtained 20 mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity1 @entity851 factor (IGF) receptors, using transfected cells expressing high levels of receptors ( @entity2856 /3T3 cells) as immunogen. The antibodies immunoprecipitated receptor.125I- @entity442 complexes and biosynthetically labeled receptors from @entity2856 /3T3 cells but did not react with @entity1 insulin receptors or @entity35 type I IGF receptors. Several antibodies stimulated DNA synthesis in @entity2856 /3T3 cells, but the maximum stimulation was only 25% of that produced by @entity442 . The antibodies fell into seven groups recognizing distinct epitopes and with different effects on receptor function. All the antibodies reacted with the extracellular portion of the receptor, and epitopes were localized to specific domains by investigating their reaction with a series of chimeric IGF/ @entity8277 constructs. Binding of @entity442 was inhibited up to 90% by antibody 24-60 reacting in the region 184-283, and by antibody 24-57 reacting in the region 440-586. @entity442 binding was stimulated up to 2.5-fold by antibodies 4-52 and 16-13 reacting in the region 62-184, and by antibody 26-3 reacting downstream of 283. The latter two groups of antibodies also dramatically stimulated insulin binding to intact @entity2856 /3T3 cells (by up to 50-fold), and potentiated insulin stimulation of DNA synthesis. Scatchard analysis indicated that in the presence of these antibodies, the affinity of the type I IGF receptor for insulin was comparable with that of the @entity8277 . These data indicate that regions both within and outside the @entity462 -rich domain of the receptor alpha-subunit are important in determining the affinity and specificity of ligand binding. These antibodies promise to be valuable tools in resolving issues of @entity2856 heterogeneity and in studying the structure and function of classical type I receptors and insulin/IGF receptor hybrids.

title: A panel of monoclonal antibodies for the XXXX factor receptor. Epitope mapping, effects on ligand binding, and biological activity.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['type I insulin-like growth']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['type I insulin-like growth']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) represent a risk population for progressing to @entity303 of the @entity195 ( @entity7712 ). However, clinical criteria do not ensure reliable individual prognosis in these @entity1 . The objective of this longitudinal, prospective study was to examine the value of @entity419 PET of cerebral @entity413 metabolism and of genetic susceptibility, as defined by an APOEepsilon4-positive genotype, with regard to the early diagnosis of @entity7712 in @entity1 with @entity73 . METHODS: In 30 @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity73 (16 female, 14 male; age, 70 +/- 8 y), baseline and follow-up examinations (mean observation period, 16 mo) were performed. In all @entity1 , the @entity2204 genotype was assessed and cerebral @entity413 metabolism was evaluated at baseline using cranial @entity419 PET. Individual PET data were screened for findings suggestive of @entity195 ( @entity195 ), with the help of an automated computer program. After stereotactical normalization of the PET images, this program performs an observer-independent statistical comparison with an age-matched reference database (n = 22). RESULTS: In 43% of all @entity73 subjects, a PET scan suggestive of @entity195 pathology according to our predefined criteria was observed at baseline (PET+); 57% of all @entity73 @entity1 were carriers of the @entity2204 epsilon4 allele (e4+). In 40% of all @entity1 , progression of symptoms within the observation period justified the clinical diagnosis of probable @entity7712 at the time of follow-up reevaluation. Statistical evaluation revealed the best results for PET with regard to early diagnosis of @entity7712 in @entity73 @entity1 (sensitivity, 92%; specificity, 89%). Classification according to the @entity2204 genotype was significantly less successful (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 56%). However, a combination of both diagnostic tests allowed early diagnosis with either very high specificity (PET+ AND e4+: sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 100%) or very high sensitivity (PET+ OR e4+: sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 44%). CONCLUSION: @entity419 PET of cerebral @entity413 metabolism is a valuable diagnostic tool for the prediction of clinical outcome in individual @entity73 @entity1 . Results are superior to the exclusive assessment of the @entity2204 genotype. A combination of both functional imaging and genotyping may allow an early high-risk or low-risk stratification of @entity1 with either very high sensitivity or very high specificity. This may be valuable, for example, for @entity1 selection in scientific studies.

title: Prediction of individual clinical outcome in @entity73 by means of genetic assessment and XXXX PET.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", 'Alzheimer type']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['(18)F-FDG']


abstract: Endothelial cells (EC) produce cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ). These cytokines have an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. On the other hand, anticancer agents generally cause @entity1583 . However, little is known about the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on the secretion of cytokines from EC. Therefore, we investigated if treatment with @entity902 compounds may stimulate EC to secrete cytokines. EC newly isolated from a @entity1 umbilical vein were exposed to @entity900 , @entity3003 , or @entity49811 for 80 min, then the cells were washed and placed in fresh medium. The levels of cytokines in the fresh medium were measured by the ELISA method, the levels of intracellular @entity273 ( @entity274 ) were measured by flow cytometry, and the rhodamine 123-stained live mitochondria of the EC were observed under a confocal laser microscope. @entity902 compounds induced cytokine production in @entity1 EC: @entity900 most prominently induced the release of @entity1192 and @entity650 , and @entity49811 had the greatest ability to induce the release of @entity2841 . Intracellular @entity274 production and @entity687 release were transiently induced immediately after treatment with @entity902 compounds, leading to @entity1192 release when @entity274 production was eliminated. These results may provide new insights into the hematological @entity137 induced by anticancer agents and the role of @entity1192 and @entity650 secreted from EC in this @entity137 .

title: Release of cytokines from XXXX umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with @entity902 compounds in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the great advances in the understanding of programmed cell death, little attention has been paid to the sequence of the events that characterise it. In particular, the course of apoptotic events induced by microtubule-interfering agents such as @entity6023 is poorly understood. In order to increase such knowledge, we studied a number of independent biochemical and cytological modifications using cytometric methods in a @entity150 cell line treated with the second generation @entity3907 , @entity1205 . RESULTS: Within a few hours, drug treatment had induced mitochondrial membrane transition, cell shrinkage and a decrease in granularity. Cell cycle was almost completely blocked @entity4669 /M phase within 24 hours. The hypodiploid peak started to become prominent 48 hours after the treatment. At the same time, the appearance of a DNA ladder demonstrated caspase-dependent chromatin fragmentation. Concurrently, specific cell surface modifications took place, involving at first @entity13268 and later phospholipid asymmetry. DNA fragmentation was subsequently detected by TUNEL assay. Over time, cell membranes became permeable to @entity2667 . A very similar time-course of apoptotic events was found after treatment of a myelomonocytic cell line with the same drug. CONCLUSION: After discussing some characteristics of the methods employed and their limitations, a succession of apoptotic events over time is suggested, in which the collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Deltapsim) is the earliest sign of apoptosis.

title: Sequential events of apoptosis involving XXXX , a microtubule-interfering agent: a cytometric study.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity13268 :: ('MESH:C565538', 'Disease') :: ['glycoprotein syalilation']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: Dissolved organic @entity505 ( @entity4420 ) export from soils can play a significant role in soil C cycling and in nutrient and pollutant transport. However, information about @entity4420 losses from agricultural soils as influenced by management practices is scarce. We compared the effects of @entity249 ( @entity249 ) and liquid hog manure (LHM) applications on the concentration and molecular size of @entity4420 released in runoff and tile-drain water under @entity4336 ( @entity2829 .) and forage cropping systems. Runoff and tile-drain water samples were collected during a 2-mo period (October to December 1998) and @entity4420 concentration was measured. Characterization of @entity4420 was performed by tangential ultrafiltration with nominal cut-offs at 3 and 100 kDa. Mean concentration of @entity4420 in runoff water (12.7 mg @entity4420 L(-1)) was higher than in tile-drain water (6.5 mg @entity4420 L(-1)). Incorporation of @entity4336 residues increased the @entity4420 concentration by 6- to 17-fold in surface runoff, but this effect was short-lived. In runoff water, the relative size of the @entity4420 molecules increased when @entity4336 residues and LHM were applied probably due to partial microbial breakdown of these organic materials and to a faster decomposition or preferential adsorption of the small molecules. The @entity4420 concentration in tile-drain water was slightly higher under forage (7.5 mg @entity4420 L(-1)) than under @entity4336 (5.4 mg @entity4420 L(-1)) even though the application rates of LHM were higher in @entity4336 plots. We suggest that preferential flow facilitated the migration of @entity4420 to tile drains in forage plots. In conclusion, incorporation of @entity4336 residues and LHM increased the concentration of @entity4420 and the relative size of the molecules in surface runoff water, whereas @entity4420 in tile-drain water was mostly influenced by the cropping system with relatively more @entity4420 and larger molecules under forage than @entity4336 .

title: Dissolved organic XXXX in runoff and tile-drain water under @entity4336 and forage fertilized with hog manure.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['mineral fertilizer', 'MF']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apoptosis is one of the major events following total @entity342 blockade (TAB). The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of some histological parameters including apoptosis and gene products which influence apoptosis, based on repeated biopsies taken from the same @entity1 . METHODS: At the time of diagnosis by needle biopsy TNM stage, serum PSA, Gleason's grade, apoptotic and mitotic index, Ki67, @entity876 , and bcl(2) expression were investigated in 60 @entity263 patients. Antiandrogen therapy supplemented with surgical or chemical castration was administered. Serum PSA-test and needle biopsy were repeated 13-14 weeks after starting the therapy, simultaneously with determination of the apoptotic and mitotic index, Ki67, @entity876 , and bcl(2) expression. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 were alive at the end of the study, 13 @entity1 died. Decrease in mitotic, increase in apoptotic index predicted favourable long-term response to antiandrogen therapy. Lower Ki67 and (mutant) @entity876 expression in the first and also in the second biopsy pointed to favourable effect of antiandrogen treatment. Since the ratio between Ki67 and apoptotic index strongly decreased in the survivors upon therapy, changes in Ki67/apoptosis ratio is recommended as a histologically detectable predictive factor. bcl(2) expression did not show significant correlation with the outcome of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Histological evaluation of mitotic and apoptotic index, Ki67, and @entity876 expression in repeated biopsies contributes to predicting the value of the actual treatment and may be useful to institute alterations in therapy.

title: Repeated biopsies in evaluation of therapeutic effects in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine an optimal serum E(2) level on the day of hCG administration in controlled @entity43 (COH) during IVF-ET without compromising pregnancy outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Large urban medical center. @entity1 (S): Data of 455 cycles of fresh IVF-ET with COH. INTERVENTION(S): Serum E(2) levels on the day of hCG administration were categorized into five groups: group A (<1000 pg/mL), group B (1000-2000 pg/mL), group C (2000-3000 pg/mL), group D (3000-4000 pg/mL), and group E (>4000 pg/mL). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum E(2) levels, number of oocytes retrieved, pregnancy outcomes. RESULT(S): Of 455 cycles, 148 (32.5%) cycles resulted in clinical pregnancy. The implantation rate was 12.2%, and the delivery rate was 18.7%. The number of oocytes obtained increased with increasing serum E(2) levels. The pregnancy rate gradually increased from group A to D as E(2) levels increased but decreased in group E. In @entity1 <38 years, the IVF-ET outcomes were similar to those of total @entity1 . However, in @entity1 >/=38 years old, pregnancy and delivery rates were higher in group C than in other groups. CONCLUSION(S): These results show that serum E(2) levels have a concentration-dependent effect on the pregnancy outcome, suggesting an optimal range of E(2) level for achieving a successful pregnancy. This optimal range of serum E(2) level in @entity1 is age dependent: 3000-4000 pg/mL for @entity1 <38 years and 2000-3000 pg/mL for @entity1 >/=38 years.

title: Serum estradiol levels during controlled XXXX influence the pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization in a concentration-dependent manner.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT', 'women']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the value of bilateral anterior cingulotomy for @entity1 with intractable chronic @entity158 . METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 who underwent 28 cingulotomies between 1979 and 1996 for chronic @entity158 were sent questionnaires regarding their subjective response to the surgery and its impact on their @entity158 . Questions dealt with pre- and @entity282 , ability to resume work or usual activity, medications, family and social interactions, and overall benefit of cingulotomy. Results were compared with long-term (average, 8 yr) clinical follow-up. In 13 @entity1 , @entity158 was predominantly caused by lumbar adhesive @entity2443 or "failed back." The remainder had @entity432 , @entity63 bilateral leg @entity158 , @entity282 , or atypical @entity158 . RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 returned questionnaires; two @entity1 died of unrelated causes. Seventy-two percent of @entity1 reported improvement in their @entity158 , 55% were no longer taking narcotics, 67% noted improvement in their family life, and 72% noted improvement in their social interactions. Fifty-six percent of @entity1 reported that the cingulotomy was beneficial, and 28% returned to their usual activities or work. Thirty-nine percent of @entity1 developed transient or well-controlled @entity410 . Five @entity1 required a second cingulotomy, and one @entity1 did well despite developing @entity867 . @entity1 assessments corresponded closely with clinical assessments. CONCLUSION: Bilateral anterior cingulotomy is safe for @entity1 with refractory chronic @entity158 . @entity410 reported in this series were well controlled with medication. More than half of all respondents thought they had a positive outcome and that cingulotomy was beneficial to them. There were no deaths related to the procedure.

title: Bilateral anterior cingulotomy for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['noncancer pain', 'pain, phantom leg pain', 'facial pain', 'pain', 'refractory pain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoiditis']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'postoperative neck pain']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscesses']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['noncancer pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of augmented exercise therapy time for arm rehabilitation as either Bobath therapy or the impairment-oriented training (Arm BASIS training) in @entity64 @entity1 with arm severe @entity1269 . DESIGN: Single blind, multicentre randomized control trial. SETTING: Three inpatient neurorehabilitation centres. SUBJECTS: Sixty-two anterior circulation @entity64 @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Random assignment to three group: (A) no augmented exercise therapy time, (B) augmented exercise therapy time as Bobath therapy and (C) augmented exercise therapy time as Arm BASIS training. MAIN MEASURES:                 <AbstractText Label="MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE" NlmCategory="METHODS">Fugl-Meyer arm motor score. Secondary measure: Action Research Arm Test (ARA). Ancillary measures: @entity1109 and joint motion/ @entity158 scores and the Ashworth Scale (elbow flexors). RESULTS: An overall effect of augmented exercise therapy time on Fugl-Meyer scores after four weeks was not corroborated (mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) of change scores: no augmented exercise therapy time (n=20) 8.8, 5.2-12.3; augmented exercise therapy time (n=40) 9.9, 6.8-13.9; p = 0.2657). The group who received the augmented exercise therapy time as Arm BASIS training (n=20) had, however, higher gains than the group receiving the augmented exercise therapy time as Bobath therapy (n=20) (mean and 95% CI of change scores: Bobath 7.2, 2.6-11.8; BASIS 12.6, 8.4-16.8; p = 0.0432). @entity2720 / @entity158 deteriorated less in the group who received BASIS training (mean and 95% CI of change scores: Bobath -3.2, -5.2 to -1.1; BASIS 0.1, -1.8-2.0; p = 0.0090). ARA, @entity1109 , and Ashworth Scale scores were not differentially affected. CONCLUSIONS: The augmented exercise therapy time as Arm BASIS training enhanced selective motor control. Type of training was more relevant for recovery of motor control than therapeutic time spent.

title: Impairment-oriented training or Bobath therapy for severe arm XXXX after @entity64 : a single-blind, multicentre randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Fugl-Meyer arm sensation']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Passive joint motion']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['paresis']


abstract: To investigate the efficacy of diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) as an adjunct in @entity1 selection for conservative management of solid organ @entity130 (SOI) following blunt @entity1661 , 15 @entity1 with @entity130 documented by computed tomographic (CT) scanning were prospectively evaluated. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in an attempt to characterize SOI, to evaluate the abdomen for associated @entity130 , and to select @entity1 for conservative management or laparotomy. The 15 @entity1 had CT evidence of 17 SOIs (nine spleen, eight liver), and DL allowed adequate visualization of 15 of the 17 @entity130 . Occult @entity130 was discovered in 2 of 15 @entity1 (one colon, one small bowel) and required laparotomy. In the remaining 13 @entity1 , DL revealed ongoing @entity548 in four @entity1 and poor visualization in one @entity1 that prompted laparotomy (four splenorrhaphy, one hepatorrhaphy). Conservative management was employed in the treatment of eight @entity1 with findings of minor injury or adequate hemostasis on DL. The average transfusion requirement in this group was 1.8 U. No @entity1 failed conservative management. There were no complications attributable to DL. These data demonstrate that DL may become an effective adjunct in @entity1 selection for conservative management of SOI following blunt @entity1661 .

title: Diagnostic laparoscopy as an adjunct to selective conservative management of solid organ XXXX after blunt @entity1661 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'hollow viscus injury', 'occult injuries']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pemphigus is a group of @entity792 on which the etiopathogenesis of several viruses has been blamed. Coxsackie viruses (CVs) are the causative agents of hand, foot, @entity3137 , and @entity5826 , which have been strongly associated with several @entity792 . The onset of @entity7271 after CV infection and cephalosporin use has been reported. OBJECTIVE: To detect the presence of CV in @entity1 with @entity7271 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis for CV RNA sequences and immunohistochemical staining for the CV and adenovirus receptor expression were performed on @entity1 skin samples. CV-IgM and -IgG serum levels were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 and 40 controls were investigated. Neither the CV and adenovirus receptor expression nor CV RNA sequences was established in the skin samples of @entity1 . The ratio of CV-IgG positivity was higher in @entity1 (12.5%) than in the controls (5%; P  >  0.05). CONCLUSION: Our preliminary results indicate that the viral genome of CV does not become persistent in the skin. Further studies with a larger number of cases are needed to clarify the place of CVs in the etiopathogenesis of @entity7271 .

title: The investigation of the possible relationship between Coxsackie viruses and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['and mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune bullous diseases', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity5826 :: ('MESH:D006557', 'Disease') :: ['herpangina']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['pemphigus']


abstract: This study examines the utility of a sleeve @entity254 with comparison to conventional end to end @entity254 . Thirty New Zealand white @entity95 were randomized to sleeve (n = 15) or end-to-end (n = 15) small bowel @entity254 . Five @entity95 of each group were sacrificed at 3 days, 7 days, and 6 weeks. Anastomoses were assessed for integrity, bursting strength, and @entity850 and examined histologically. Ten control specimens of small bowel were tested for bursting pressure. Three @entity95 died postoperatively (1 sleeve and 2 end-to-end). A fourth @entity95 (sleeve) was sacrificed early at 3 weeks and had a total @entity850 at the @entity254 . The remaining 26 @entity95 were reoperated at the prescribed times. There was no evidence of @entity281 or dehiscence in any of these @entity95 . Both end-to-end and sleeve anastomoses were equivalent for bursting pressure at all times and, at 7 days and 6 weeks, were similar to controls. The stenotic index revealed no evidence of proximal dilation suggestive of obstruction in the 26 @entity95 . For sleeve anastomoses the length of the projected bowel into the lumen persisted at the 6-week stage. Histologically there was good evidence of healing in both the sleeve and end-to-end anstomoses and the serosal surface of the sleeved bowel had epithelialized. Sleeve @entity254 has been demonstrated to heal well and to be as strong as conventional end-to-end @entity254 . Further studies are warranted to determine its role in intestinal @entity254 and potential as a valve.

title: Intestinal sleeve anastomosis: a comparative study with end-to-end XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of an @entity988 screening test not previously tested in the elderly. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, face-to-face interviews. SETTING: Veterans Administration (VA) outpatient facility. @entity1 / @entity1 : @entity1 greater than or equal to 70 years old seeking care in a newly established VA outpatient facility were invited to participate in a health assessment program. Of 109 @entity1 who enrolled, 96 completed both interviews. INTERVENTIONS: The screening test was administered by an internist as part of a medical history. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), used as the "gold standard," was administered by a trained interviewer as part of a longer structured interview. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The screening test had a sensitivity of 0.52 and a specificity of 0.76 in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity and specificity of the screening test were lower in this sample in comparison with previously reported results in a younger population. Differences in the test performance may be related to differences in attitudes and drinking behaviors of elderly veterans when compared with those of younger @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Screening elderly veterans for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PATIENTS', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcoholism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A detailed and thorough pathoanatomic study of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) @entity3 of @entity420 of the distal one-third of the stomach is lacking. METHODS: From December 1987 to March 1992, 190 @entity1 who underwent radical gastrectomy was analyzed. All @entity1600 were dissected and labeled according to the Japanese General Rules for the @entity356 Study. RESULTS: A total of 7052 @entity1600 with an average of 37.1 per specimen were removed. @entity1600 @entity3 were encountered in 121 @entity1 (63.7%). The most frequent @entity1600 @entity3 were perigastric, above common hepatic artery, along left gastric artery, and hepatoduodenal ligament. The incidence of @entity1600 @entity3 varied and was highest when @entity5 was located close to either curvature and extended to duodenum or midbody. The high incidence of @entity1600 @entity3 in the hepatoduodenal ligament was a unique pathologic feature of @entity420 of the distal one-third of the stomach (P = 0.0012). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that depth of @entity3 was the only factor related to @entity1600 @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 in the distal one-third of the stomach had a high incidence of @entity1600 @entity3 to hepatoduodenal ligament nodes. The @entity1600 @entity3 is correlated with depth of @entity3 .

title: Lymph node XXXX from carcinoma of the distal one-third of the stomach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'cancer invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric Cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) is proposed in @entity1 with @entity5277 ( @entity5277 ) as a rehabilitative therapy, but its effects on absorption have not been studied. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine intestinal macronutrient absorption and @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) dependence in @entity5277 @entity1 with intestinal failure. DESIGN: We included in a retrospective study all consecutive @entity1 who had an @entity1347 between 1985 and 2010 and underwent a study of macronutrient absorption. @entity1 were matched to @entity5277 controls with the same digestive characteristics. Energy and macronutrient absorption were measured. The dependence on @entity3147 was expressed by the number of infusions per week and by the calories infused daily divided by the basal energy expenditure multiplied by 1.5. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 who had an @entity1347 were matched to 17 control @entity1 . Intestinal absorption was higher in the @entity1347 group for total calories (69.5% compared with 58.0%), fat (48.4% compared with 33.2%), and protein (62.7% compared with 53.4%) (P < 0.05). Median oral autonomy was 100%    38.4% in the @entity1347 group, whereas it was 79%    39.6% in the control group (P < 0.05). The number of calories infused was lower in the @entity1347 group (500    283 compared with 684    541; P < 0.05), as was @entity3147 (33%    20% compared with 48%    38%; P < 0.05) at the time of the study. CONCLUSION: @entity1347 allows a gain in macronutrient absorption, which is associated with a lower @entity3147 . To our view, @entity1347 should be integrated in intestinal rehabilitative adult programs.

title: Increased intestinal absorption by segmental reversal of the small bowel in adult XXXX with @entity5277 : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['SRSB', 'Segmental reversal of the small bowel']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short-bowel syndrome', 'SBS']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['HPN dependence', 'HPN', 'home parenteral nutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that endrin induces an oxidative stress in @entity35 as demonstrated by an increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation, a decrease in @entity2041 content and a decrease in the activity in @entity4259 -dependent @entity2041 peroxidase. We have therefore examined the effects of orally administering 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 mg endrin/kg on the urinary excretion of the lipid metabolites @entity406 , @entity1234 , @entity3094 and @entity1324 . The simultaneous determination of these four lipid metabolites may be a useful biomarker for assessing exposure to xenobiotics which induce an oxidative stress and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Urine samples were collected up to 72 h post-treatment. The identities of the lipid metabolites were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, while the @entity40015 derivatives of these metabolic products were quantitated by high pressure liquid chromatography. Maximum increases in the excretion of the four lipid metabolites occurred at approx. 24 h post-treatment at all doses with no significant increases in excretion occurring thereafter. The maximum increases in excretion of @entity1234 , @entity406 , @entity3094 and @entity1324 were approx. 160%, 93%, 121% and 162%, respectively, relative to control values. Seventy-two hours after endrin administration, the liver weight/body weight and spleen weight/body weight ratios significantly increased while the thymus weight/body weight ratio markedly decreased. The results demonstrate that @entity49714 induces dose- and time-dependent alterations in lipid metabolism with the enhanced excretion of specific metabolic products in the urine.

title: @entity49714 -induced urinary excretion of @entity406 , @entity3094 , @entity1234 and XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity40015 :: ('MESH:C004787', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity1324 :: (MESH:D000096,Chemical) :: ['acetone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The indications for nonemergent operations during pregnancy remain undefined. Many surgeons defer nonemergent operations until after delivery to minimize fetal risk. We wished to determine the outcome of delaying cholecystectomy in pregnant @entity1 hospitalized for nonacute @entity1085 . METHODS: After approval from the Institutional Review Board, a retrospective case review at a large-volume regional referral center for high-risk obstetrics was performed. All pregnant inpatients from November 2003 to November 2006 who were diagnosed by a general surgeon with symptomatic @entity2963 , @entity2877 , @entity788 , @entity910 or chronic @entity2679 were included. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 met the criteria over the 3-year period. Nineteen @entity1 who underwent cholecystectomy during pregnancy were compared with 39 who were observed for @entity1085 . @entity1 who were observed during pregnancy and remained at our institution through delivery had a higher rate of @entity14422 (36%). In three cases, complications during pregnancy were directly attributable to @entity1085 (parenteral nutrition during pregnancy, two unplanned inductions). Two @entity1 (3.4%) were hospitalized for @entity1085 diagnosed during a previous pregnancy and did not undergo cholecystectomy. Although 71% of the @entity1 who were observed continued to be followed up at this institution for their obstetric care, 56% of those were lost to follow-up for their @entity1085 . Nine of 39 observed @entity1 (23%) had multiple hospital admissions (range 2-5). Of the 19 @entity1 undergoing cholecystectomy during pregnancy, 3 were performed in the first (16%), 9 in the second (47%), and 7 in the third trimester (37%). Operative complications resulting from laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy occurred in one @entity1 (cystic duct stump leak, nonoperative management). All cholecystectomies were performed laparoscopically. DISCUSSION: Delaying cholecystectomy for the hospitalized pregnant @entity1 with @entity1085 results in increased short- and long-term morbidity. There was high loss to follow-up among @entity1 who were observed during pregnancy. In contrast, cholecystectomy during pregnancy resulted in a low rate of complications, and all were completed laparoscopically. This suggests that operative intervention for nonemergent symptomatic @entity1085 during pregnancy may be beneficial and reduce overall morbidity.

title: Is there a benefit to delaying cholecystectomy for symptomatic XXXX during pregnancy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder disease']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['biliary dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity14422 :: ('MESH:D011248', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy-related complications']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['gallbladder disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess refractive outcomes, changes in the total higher order root mean square (RMS) aberration, and changes in higher order wavefront aberrations after LASIK for @entity1714 and @entity940 with the NIDEK Advanced Vision Excimer Laser platform (NAVEX) using either an aspheric or topography-based or whole eye wavefront ablation algorithm. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 1459 eyes that underwent LASIK for @entity1714 and @entity940 . The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -4.68 diopters (D) (range: -0.50 to -9.63 D) with @entity940 up to -4.50 D. Treatments were classified into three categories depending on the type of ablation algorithm used--optimized aspheric transition zone (OATz) denoted eyes that underwent aspheric treatment zones; customized aspheric treatment zone (CATz) denoted eyes that underwent customized ablations based on corneal topography; and OPDCAT denoted eyes that underwent customized ablation based on the whole eye wavefront profile. Follow-up data are reported at 3 months (69%) and 12 months (17%) postoperatively. RESULTS: Three months after LASIK, the predictability (10.5 D from target refraction) was 80% for OATz, 91% for CATz, and 76% for OPDCAT. Of all eyes, 96% were within +/- 1.0 D of intended refraction 3 months postoperatively and 100% after 12 months (87% +/- 0.5 D). In the aspheric and custom groups, a notable improvement of uncorrected visual acuity was noted between 3 and 12 months after LASIK. No eye lost >1 line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Mean higher order RMS increased in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The data support that the treatment of @entity1714 and @entity940 is safe and effective with NAVEX. Customized ablation based on corneal topography rather than on total wavefront error was more predictable.

title: Topographic- and wavefront-guided customized ablations with the NIDEK-EC5000CXII in LASIK for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['myopic astigmatism', 'astigmatism']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the exocrine pancreatic function in carriers of the @entity5456 gene ( @entity5456 ) mutation by direct testing. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5456 mutations and control subjects were assessed using rapid endoscopic secretin tests and secretin-stimulated magnetic resonance imaging. Seven @entity1 and 25 controls underwent endoscopy, while eight @entity1 and 20 controls had magnetic resonance imaging. Ductal function was assessed according to peak @entity3157 concentrations and acinar function was assessed according to peak digestive enzyme activities in secretin-stimulated duodenal juice. The association of pancreatic exocrine function and @entity6 status with pancreatic gland volume was examined. RESULTS: The mean increase in secretin-stimulated duodenal fluid was smaller in @entity1 than controls (4.0 vs 6.4 ml/min; P = 0.003). We found lower ductal function in @entity1 than controls (median peak @entity3157 concentration: 73 vs 116 mEq/L; P < 0.001) and lower acinar function (median peak lipase activity: 6.4 vs 33.5 kU/ml; P = 0.01; median peak elastase activity: 0.056 vs 0.130 U/ml; P = 0.01). Pancreatic fluid volume outputs correlated significantly with pancreatic gland volumes (r   = 0.71, P = 0.008) in @entity1 . The total fluid output to pancreatic gland volume ratios were higher in @entity1 than controls (4.5 vs 1.3 ml/cm  ; P = 0.03), suggesting compensatory hypersecretion in the remaining gland. CONCLUSION: Carriers of the @entity5456 mutation have lower exocrine pancreatic function involving both ductal and acinar cells. Compensatory hypersecretion suggests that the small pancreas of @entity5456 mutation carriers is attributable to @entity509 , not @entity194 .

title: Exocrine pancreatic function in XXXX -maturity-onset @entity6 of the young ( @entity5456 -MODY) is only moderately reduced: compensatory hypersecretion from a hypoplastic pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity5456 :: ('6928', 'Gene') :: ['hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b', 'HNF1B']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

answer: @entity5456 :: (6928,Gene) :: ['hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The limiting effect of @entity63 preconditioning on @entity1188 size has been reported in @entity235 hearts, which contain considerable amounts of @entity3624 oxidase, a free radical-producing enzyme. Furthermore, a recent study suggested that free radicals generated during preconditioning may contribute to the cardioprotective effect of preconditioning. The present study examined 1) whether preconditioning limits @entity1188 size in @entity95 , which, like @entity1 , lack myocardial @entity3624 oxidase and 2) whether the cardioprotective effect of PC is mediated by free radicals. METHODS AND RESULTS: A branch of the circumflex coronary artery in @entity95 was occluded for 30 minutes and then reperfused for 72 hours. @entity583 size and area at risk were determined by histology and fluorescent particles, respectively. Five groups were studied: an untreated control group, a preconditioned group (PC group), a high-dose @entity224 dismutase (SOD)-treated preconditioned group (high-dose SOD-PC group), a low-dose SOD-treated preconditioned group (low-dose SOD-PC group), and a SOD-plus-catalase-treated preconditioned group (SOD/CAT-PC group). Preconditioning was performed with four episodes of 5 minutes of @entity63 and 5 minutes of reperfusion. The free radical scavengers (30,000 units/kg SOD for high-dose SOD-PC group, 15,000 units/kg SOD for low-dose SOD-PC group, and 30,000 units/kg SOD plus 55,000 units/kg catalase for SOD/CAT-PC group) were infused intravenously over 60 minutes starting 20 minutes before preconditioning. Infarct size as the percentage of area at risk was 45.1 +/- 3.5% (mean +/- SEM) in the control group (n = 11), 13.3 +/- 3.0% in the PC group (n = 12), 9.7 +/- 1.8% in the high-dose SOD-PC group (n = 8), 11.9 +/- 2.2% in the low-dose SOD-PC group (n = 6), and 9.6 +/- 2.3% in the SOD/CAT-PC group (n = 6) (p less than 0.05 versus control for the last four values). The differences in @entity1188 size as the percent of area at risk among the PC, high-dose SOD-PC, low-dose SOD-PC, and SOD/CAT-PC groups were not significant. CONCLUSION: Ischemic preconditioning delays @entity63 @entity296 regardless of myocardial @entity3624 oxidase content. Free radicals are unlikely to have a major role in the mechanism of the preconditioning in @entity95 .

title: @entity583 size-limiting effect of XXXX preconditioning was not attenuated by oxygen free-radical scavengers in the @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify the image distortion of our series of @entity5513 treated with gamma knife radiosurgery. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart and digital radiographic file review with quantitative assessment of gamma knife treatment plans. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing gamma knife radiosurgery for the treatment of @entity5513 . INTERVENTION: Gamma knife radiosurgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gamma knife treatment plans containing magnetic resonance images were reviewed at each axial, sagittal, and coronal slice. The length of the greatest displacement of the treatment plan was measured and the volume of the treatment plan that fell outside of the internal auditory canal calculated. Known clinical measurements of audiometric, vestibular, facial, and trigeminal nerve functions were then compared with current measurements of @entity5 size. RESULTS: Twenty-two of the 23 @entity1 had measurable image shifts on the axial images. The range of the image shift was 0 to 5.8 mm, with a mean shift of 1.92 +/- 1.29 mm (+/- standard deviation). @entity5 volumes of the treatment plan that fell outside of the internal auditory canal ranged from 0 to 414 mm, with a mean of 90.5 mm. The mean percentage that fell outside of the internal auditory canal was 16.7% of total @entity5 volume (range, 2.4-77.6%). We could not draw any consistent correlations between degree of image shift and continued @entity5 growth or objective examination values. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated a small but potentially significant shift in the treatment plan of gamma knife radiosurgery when based on magnetic resonance images. Although the image shift does not seem to affect the growth of the @entity5513 or @entity2167 , longer term follow-up is required to fully appreciate the true impact of this image shift.

title: Distortion of magnetic resonance images used in gamma knife radiosurgery treatment planning: implications for XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory or facial nerve function']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuroma']


abstract: @entity3217 are rare. @entity130 associated with contamination by vegetative material, contact lens wear and long term corticosteroid use are common risk factors. The aims of treatment are to preserve @entity227 , which depends on the rapid diagnosis and efficient administration of appropriate antifungal therapy. This necessitates a clinical suspicion of fungal aetiology and the taking of appropriate smears and cultures as early as possible to identify the fungal organism. Currently there are three main classes of drugs available for use in @entity3217 : @entity12365 , @entity8201 as derivatives of @entity23411 , and @entity4895 . Of the @entity12365 , @entity2379 , @entity5896 and @entity8701 are of clinical ophthalmic use. Based on better pharmacokinetic profiles and spectra of antifungal activity, the @entity5627 are the agents of choice. Successful treatment of @entity364 depends on early initiation of specific therapy consisting of topically-applied antifungal agents since topical administration is most likely to provide the best opportunity for achieving therapeutic corneal levels. Hence, the molecular weight of the various antifungal agents is of importance since it influences their ability to penetrate the corneal epithelium. Systemic administration may be necessary for resistant fungal @entity1066 . For @entity364 , to preserve @entity227 and eliminate the fungal pathogen, topical, systemic and possibly intraocular antifungal therapy is used, although some do not recommend use of systemic agents for exogenous @entity3225 .

title: Pharmacotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual function']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['fungal eye infections', 'Fungal eye infections']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorocytosine']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['nystatin']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal endophthalmitis', 'fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity23411 :: ('MESH:D007093', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazoles']

entities_list: @entity5896 :: ('MESH:D010866', 'Chemical') :: ['natamycin']

entities_list: @entity5627 :: ('MESH:D014230', 'Chemical') :: ['triazoles']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity3217 :: (MESH:D015821,Disease) :: ['fungal eye infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is a rare histologic subtype that demonstrates poor outcomes in @entity43 . The Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group conducted the first randomized phase III, @entity1358 -specific clinical trial that compared @entity2600 and @entity900 ( @entity1191 -P) with @entity1311 plus @entity3003 (TC) in @entity1 with @entity1358 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Six hundred sixty-seven @entity1 with stage I to IV @entity1358 of the ovary were randomly assigned to receive @entity2600 60 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 plus @entity900 60 mg/m(2) on day 1 (CPT-P group) every 4 weeks for six cycles or @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) plus @entity3003 area under the curve 6.0 mg/mL/min on day 1 every 3 weeks for six cycles (TC group). The primary end point was progression-free survival. Secondary end points were overall survival, overall response rate, and adverse events. RESULTS: Six hundred nineteen @entity1 were clinically and pathologically eligible for evaluation. With a median follow-up of 44.3 months, 2-year progression-free survival rates were 73.0% in the CPT-P group and 77.6% in TC group (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.58; P = .85). Two-year overall survival rates were 85.5% with CPT-P and 87.4% with TC (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.61; one-sided P = .76). Grade 3/4 @entity448 , @entity294 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity1398 occurred more frequently with CPT-P, whereas grade 3/4 @entity1431 , @entity1398 , @entity882 , @entity1897 , and joint @entity158 occurred more frequently with TC. CONCLUSION: No significant survival benefit was found for CPT-P. Both regimens were well tolerated, but the @entity137 profiles differed significantly. Treatment with existing anticancer agents has limitations to improving the prognosis of @entity1358 .

title: Randomized Phase III Trial of @entity2600 Plus @entity900 Compared With @entity1311 Plus @entity3003 As First-Line Chemotherapy for XXXX : JGOG3017/GCIG Trial.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Clear cell carcinoma', 'CCC']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27955 ( @entity27955 ) is an uncommon @entity272 of unknown etiology. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study clinical features of @entity27955 and to characterize the expression profiles of proteins which are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and wound repair. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity27955 were included in the study. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed for @entity49403 , @entity3334 ( @entity3334 ), @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ), @entity1934 ( @entity1934 ), @entity7379 , and @entity8110 . RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 (70.6%) had @entity6 with disease duration of 14.6 +/- 13.1 years (mean +/- standard deviation). In all @entity1 , @entity740 was evident; two @entity1 were receiving hemodialysis. Preexisting @entity281 was observed in 7 @entity1 (41.2%). @entity2280 staining was significantly stronger in vessels of perilesional than those of lesional skin (P = .024). @entity1934 , @entity3334 , and @entity2843 immunoreactivity was significantly stronger in lesional skin as compared with perilesional skin (P = .016, P = .0065, and P = .035, respectively). Although @entity7379 and @entity8110 immunoreactivity did not significantly differ in lesional and perilesional skin, there was a significant correlation between the protein expression of @entity1934 and @entity7379 (r = 0.56; P = .02), @entity8110 (r = 0.64; P = .006), and @entity2843 (r = 0.56; P = .018) expression. LIMITATIONS: We did not perform polymerase chain reaction studies on mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our clinical data indicate that @entity27955 is etiopathogenetically linked to @entity740 . Overexpression of @entity1934 and extracellular matrix proteins may represent antecedent tissue repair and therefore may be considered a significant event in the resolution of @entity27955 .

title: Up-regulation of XXXX and extracellular matrix proteins in acquired reactive perforating collagenosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27955 :: ('MESH:C565687', 'Disease') :: ['ARPC', 'Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis', 'ARPC lesions']

entities_list: @entity49403 :: ('947;7422', 'Gene') :: ['CD34, factor VIIIa, vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['scabies infection']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1', 'TIMP-1']

entities_list: @entity1934 :: ('7043', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta3', 'transforming growth factor-beta3']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['itchy dermatosis']

answer: @entity1934 :: (7043,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-beta3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a new treatment modality of @entity5 consisting of @entity348 ( @entity348 ) conserving the posterior wall of the pharynx vertically for voice restoration. METHODS: Review of hospital charts, @entity348 was undertaken in 15 of 54 @entity1 . Surgical modalities of reconstruction subsequent to @entity348 were indicated on the basis of the width of posterior pharyngeal wall conserved during surgery. Posterior pharyngeal walls of width 3 cm or larger were sutured in primary closure. If the width of posterior wall was less than 3 cm, a free forearm flap or free jejunal flap was patched to the wall. Tracheo-esophageal shunt with a voice prosthesis was performed 3 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier method indicated no difference in survival rate between @entity1 with @entity348 (46.4%) and the remaining @entity1 (47.4%). Nine of 15 @entity1 with @entity348 (two @entity1 with primary closure, three with free forearm flap, and four with free jejunal flap) were examined for voice restoration and fluoroscopy of the neopharynx. Eight of the nine @entity1 , in whom more than 2 cm of the posterior pharyngeal wall had been conserved, demonstrated a good speech rating, maximum phonation time and neoglottic formation by the posterior pharyngeal wall. CONCLUSION: The combination of conservation of the posterior pharyngeal wall, patch graft and a voice prosthesis is a useful method that offers sufficient quality of phonation without deterioration of survival rate for @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Neoglottic formation from posterior pharyngeal wall conserved in surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TLPP', 'total laryngectomy plus partial pharyngectomy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity56 is a T(H)2 inflammatory disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) play key roles in the T(H)1/T(H)2 balance. Allergen @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ) has the potential to modify the course of @entity566 because the ratio of T(H)1 to T(H)2 cytokines produced is increased after @entity6542 . OBJECTIVE: To determine how @entity6542 affects DCs in @entity1 and to define novel parameters of this treatment. METHODS: We investigated the changes of phenotypic and functional variations of monocyte-derived DCs from  @entity56 @entity748 @entity1 undergoing complete mite @entity6542 . Peripheral blood monocytes from @entity56 @entity1 , @entity56 @entity748 controls, and healthy controls were cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 4 and then stimulated with @entity7130 (Der p) allergen or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expressions of surface molecules on monocyte-derived DCs were assessed by flow cytometry. Cytokine production by cultured monocyte-derived DCs was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: After LPS stimulation, monocyte-derived DCs of the @entity56 @entity748 group had a higher @entity2937 and lower HLA-DR expression than the healthy controls. In @entity6542 @entity1 , the expression was similar to that of the healthy controls. After Der p stimulation monocyte-derived DCs of the @entity56 @entity748 @entity1 displayed lower @entity2939 ( @entity2939 ), whereas again in @entity6542 @entity1 the expression was similar to that of healthy controls. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that @entity6542 normalizes the expression of @entity2937 , HLA-DR, and @entity2939 on DCs. Moreover, @entity2937 , HLA-DR, and @entity2939 may be useful parameters for monitoring @entity6542 . Decreased @entity2939 expression in @entity56 @entity748 @entity1 might be compensated by @entity2939 agonists, with the potential of amplifying the effects of @entity6542 .

title: Effect of mite allergen immunotherapy on the altered phenotype of dendritic cells in XXXX @entity748 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific immunotherapy', 'SIT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic asthma', 'SIT allergic asthmatic', 'allergic']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity284 maintenance in the U.S. is delivered primarily through specialized clinics that provide psychosocial services together with medication. Interim @entity284 (IM) is an evidence-based approach to increase access by providing @entity284 without counseling for individuals waiting for admission to comprehensive treatment. Little is known about the role of @entity1 characteristics in predicting outcomes in the IM service pathway (IM with comprehensive @entity284 treatment following IM). METHODS: This study examined the relationship between @entity1 motivation and dropout among @entity1 in the IM service pathway (n=183). @entity1 were assessed with the Addiction Severity Index, the Texas Christian University Motivation Scales, and study-specific instruments at baseline, 4 month follow-up or admission to comprehensive treatment (whichever occurred first), and 6 months thereafter. Multinomial logistic regression was used for the analysis, controlling for demographics, route of administration, @entity2072 use, criminal justice history, and treatment history. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 62% were retained throughout the IM service pathway, 20% left IM, and 18% left subsequent comprehensive treatment. Motivation did not predict dropout from either IM or comprehensive treatment following IM. Unexpectedly, neither did any of the other explanatory variables included in the model. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 remained in the IM service pathway. The @entity1 characteristics examined are not associated with discontinuation of IM or subsequent comprehensive @entity284 treatment. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The findings that most @entity1 were retained in the IM service pathway, and that no subgroup experienced higher probability of dropout, bolster the public health potential of IM as a service strategy.

title: Dropout from interim @entity284 and subsequent comprehensive XXXX maintenance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['Methadone', 'methadone']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: White @entity19 were infected with two strains, @entity36698 and NK 65, of @entity2637 . The parasites were subjected to @entity503 pressure (60 mg/kg at each passage) during 20 passages. We then compared the behaviour of the strains as they acquired chemoresistance. The drug resistance was estimated by the 2% delay time test (D2%), and the schizogonic rhythm by the synchronicity index (SI). Before drug pressure, the @entity36698 strain had a D2% of 4.34, and a SI of 0.2. This strain became highly drug resistant, but synchronicity increased: the D2% was 2.93, and the SI was 0.36 at the 20th passage. The NK 65 strain had an initial D2% of 4.12, and an SI of 0.2. The chemoresistance acquired during 20 passages was very irregular for this strain: after drug pressure, the D2% was 2.03 and the SI was 0.28. Drug pressure was then removed (for both strains), for 10 passages (no @entity503 ). Resistance and synchronicity returned to their initial values. The two strains behaved very differently, in terms of their affinity for reticulocytes, and with @entity503 activity which favours an increase in SI because only merozoites are preserved.

title: Changes in schizogony and drug response in two lines of rodent @entity36698 , @entity2637 NK 65 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity36698 :: (5823,Species) :: ['P. berghei ANKA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exaggerated amygdala and reduced ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) responsiveness during emotional processing have been reported in studies examining individual @entity148 . Studies are needed, however, which directly compare activation of amygdalo-cortical circuitry across multiple @entity148 within the same study. Here we compared cortico-limbic neurocircuitry across three different @entity148 using a well-validated emotional probe task. METHODS: Sixty-five adult volunteers, including 22 healthy controls (HC) and @entity1 meeting DSM-IV criteria for either @entity1005 (14 @entity1005 ), @entity4697 (14 @entity1726 ), or specific @entity913 (15 SP), underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 T while passively viewing backward-masked images of faces expressing fear, happy, and neutral emotions. RESULTS: A group comprising all three @entity148 showed greater activation within the left amygdala and reduced activation within the vmPFC compared to the HC group during the masked fear versus neutral condition. Pairwise group comparisons showed that amygdala activation only reached significance for the @entity1005 versus HCs, whereas decreased vmPFC was only evident for SP and @entity1726 groups versus the HC group. Furthermore, activation did not differ among the @entity148 groups when contrasted directly with one another. A similar pattern was observed for masked happy versus neutral faces. CONCLUSIONS: Exclusive of specific diagnostic category, @entity148 were generally associated with increased activation of the amygdala and reduced activation within vmPFC. Categorical distinctions were generally weak or not observed and suggest that functional differences may reflect the magnitude of responses within a common neurocircuitry across disorders rather than activation of distinct systems.

title: Cortico-limbic responses to masked affective faces across ptsd, @entity4697 , and specific XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['animal phobia']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity913 :: (MESH:D010698,Disease) :: ['phobia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The concentration of the complex between activated protein C (APC) and @entity10854 (PCI) is a measure of @entity556 generation. We studied whether it can provide information useful for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity455 . METHODS: Blood was obtained from 429 vascular @entity1 admitted consecutively during September 2004 to March 2005. The APC-PCI complex was measured by using a sandwich immunofluorometric method. The @entity1 were divided into cohorts according to the planned treatment and compared with a control group of healthy individuals. RESULTS: The APC-PCI complex concentration varied from 0.08 to 2.50 microg/L. In the cohort of @entity1 with @entity449 (n = 78), the median APC-PCI value was 0.45 (10th to 90th percentile, 0.24-1.47), and values were clearly increased compared with all other cohorts (P < .0001). @entity1 with @entity66 (n = 73) yielded a median of 0.22 (10th to 90th percentile, 0.15-0.48). The median for claudicants (n = 74) was 0.26 microg/L (10th to 90th percentile, 0.15-0.75), which was higher than in those (n = 97) with critical @entity63 (0.20; 10th to 90th percentile, 0.13-0.36; P < .0023). The cohort with other forms of @entity731 (n = 40) had a median of 0.23 (10th to 90th percentile, 0.14-0.42), whereas the value for a cohort of 21 @entity1 with @entity66 was 0.19 (10th to 90th percentile, 0.10-0.34). The median was 0.15 (10th to 90th percentile, 0.10-0.23) for the control group (n = 121). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity731 had an increased APC-PCI concentration that corresponded to increased generation of @entity556 . @entity1 with @entity449 had a threefold higher median concentration than the control group. We suggest that this remarkable increase is caused by the local activation of coagulation, and we surmise that APC-PCI measurements can be used as a screening tool to identify @entity1 with @entity449 .

title: Activated protein C- @entity10854 complex: a new biological marker for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease', 'carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity10854 :: ('5104', 'Gene') :: ['protein C inhibitor']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: @entity1744 is the most common complication in @entity1 with @entity43 . Management of this situation is controversial. The aim of our retrospective study was to determine the best approach for managing @entity1744 in recurrent @entity43 . A retrospective analysis of data on 47 @entity1 with @entity43 was performed. Twenty-seven @entity1 were submitted to surgery, with 21 intestinal procedures performed, 2 gastrostomy tubes placed, and 4 @entity1 deemed inoperable. Twenty @entity1 were managed medically with Octreotide (mean dosage of 0.48 mg/day), of which 1 @entity1 required a nasogastric tube. Age, performance status, diagnosis of @entity5 to occlusion time, obstruction site, previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, presence of ascites, or palpable masses were the variables analyzed. Student's t-test and Pearson chi-square test were used to compare the two different groups of treatment (surgical vs medical therapy). @entity66 were plotted according to the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed by the log-rank test. Cox's proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Values less than or equal to 0.05 were considered significant. The mean age of the @entity1 was 58.7 years. Perioperative mortality and morbidity were both 22%. All @entity1 died with minimal distress. Performance status results were significantly different between the @entity1 submitted to surgery and @entity1 treated with @entity2390 (P= 0.03). No significant differences were found in the other variables analyzed. In multivariate analysis, only type of treatment emerges as a strong predictor of poor outcome (P < 0.001). Both surgery and Octreotide therapy are able to control distressing symptoms in @entity43 . Survival was significantly longer in the surgical group, and surgical palliation should be considered first in @entity1 with good performance status.

title: Palliative care for intestinal obstruction in recurrent XXXX : a multivariate analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'intestinal obstruction by ovarian cancer', 'end-stage ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Disease-free-survival curves']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction', 'Bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity356 benefit from perioperative chemotherapy, however, treatment is toxic and many @entity1 will relapse. The trifunctional antibody catumaxomab targets @entity5960 on @entity5 cells, CD3 on T cells, and the Fcy-receptor of antigen-presenting cells. While in Europe catumaxomab is approved for treating @entity5 , it has not been investigated in the perioperative setting and its exact immunological mode of action is unclear. METHODS: In our study, @entity356 @entity1 received neoadjuvant @entity902 -based chemotherapy, one intraoperative application of catumaxomab, and 4 postoperative doses of intraperitoneal catumaxomab. Immunomonitoring was performed in 6 @entity1 before surgery, after completion of catumaxomab treatment, and one month later. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal application of catumaxomab caused an increased expression of activation markers on the @entity1 ' T cells. This was accompanied by a transient decrease in numbers of @entity366 (+) effector T cells with a T-helper (Th)-1 phenotype in the peripheral blood. All @entity1 evidenced pre-existing @entity5960 -specific @entity404 (+) and/or @entity405 (+) T cells. While these cells transiently disappeared from the blood stream after intraperitoneal application of catumaxomab, we detected increased numbers of peripheral @entity5960 -specific cells and a modified @entity5960 -specific T-cell repertoire 4 weeks after completion of treatment. Finally, catumaxomab also amplified humoral immunity to @entity5 antigens other than @entity5960 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that catumaxomab exerts its clinical effects by (1) activating peripheral T cells, (2) redistributing effector T cells from the blood into peripheral tissues, (3) expanding and shaping of the pre-existing @entity5960 -specific T-cell repertoire, and (4) spreading of anti- @entity5 immunity to different @entity5 antigens.

title: The trifunctional antibody catumaxomab amplifies and shapes @entity5 -specific immunity when applied to @entity356 XXXX in the adjuvant setting.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Forty-one @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) were treated with a weekly low-dose of @entity1499 for a mean period of 32 months (range, 5-81 months) and were given a mean total dose of 954 mg (range, 145-2000 mg). Eighty-three percent of the @entity1 improved. Of these 39% (16 @entity1 ) had a complete clinical remission and 17% (7 @entity1 ) showed marked improvement, 27% (11 @entity1 ) showed moderate improvement and 17% (7 @entity1 ) were unchanged. @entity1 responding to @entity1499 therapy maintained the improvement as long as the therapy continued, unless severe @entity281 occurred. Seven @entity1 withdrew during the study including two, who died of @entity583 . @entity1499 was withdrawn because of adverse drug reactions in two @entity1 , fear of @entity137 in two and for administrative reasons in one @entity1 . Adverse reactions developed in 25 @entity1 (61%). In all but two cases these reactions were mild and reversible. @entity3043 , a major side effect, was present in two @entity1 : in one @entity1 in association with @entity55 and in the other @entity1 associated with an @entity8963 (after three years treatment in the first and six years in the second @entity1 ); both recovered when @entity1499 was discontinued. Age, sex, duration of treatment did not remarkably influence the outcome of therapy or the occurrence of adverse reactions.

title: Low-dose @entity1499 treatment of XXXX ; long-term observation of efficacy and safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity8963 :: ('MESH:D013969', 'Disease') :: ['acute infectious enteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['Pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']