abstract: @entity3001 has protean manifestations. The causative agent is @entity2069 , a recently discovered spirochete. The disease has been found on three continents. The initial major clinical feature is a characteristic @entity272 known as erythema chronicum @entity8831 . Subsequent main clinical manifestations are meningopolyneuritis and @entity625 . However, clinical expressions of the disease vary widely. Some @entity1 have very mild disease and others develop severe and @entity1162 . Specific laboratory tests for the detection of antibody to the organism are now available. The sensitivity of these tests approaches 100% when the sera are collected from @entity1 having the later clinical manifestations. @entity114 and @entity803 are the therapeutic drugs of choice.

title: XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin eruption']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged illness']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['Lyme disease']


abstract: 1. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording was used to determine the functional expression and pharmacological properties of P2X receptors in chromaffin cells dissociated from adrenal medullae of @entity35 and @entity840 . 2. In @entity35 chromaffin cells maintained in culture for 1 - 7 days, @entity855 and @entity856 failed to evoke any detectable response. 3. @entity840 chromaffin cells responded to @entity855 (100 microM) with a rapidly activating inward current. The amplitude of the response to @entity855 increased over the period cells were maintained in culture and so did the number of cells giving a detectable response, with 69% of cells responding after >/=4 days of culture. 4. The response to @entity855 desensitized slowly, and had a reversal potential of 2.5 mV. The EC50 for @entity855 was 43 microM. The potency order for @entity855 analogues was 2-MeSATP> @entity855 > @entity857 . @entity859 , @entity856 and alpha,beta-me @entity855 were inactive. 5. @entity5747 (100 microM) and Cibacron blue (50 microM) inhibited the @entity855 (100 microM)-activated current by 51 and 47%, respectively. PPADS antagonized the response to @entity855 (100 microM) with an IC50 of 3.2 microM. 6. The @entity855 concentration-response curve shifted to the left at pH 6.8 (EC50, 19 microM) and right at pH 8.0 (EC50, 96 microM), without changing the maximal response. @entity8862 inhibited the response to @entity855 (100 microM) with an IC50 of 48 microM. 7. This study indicates that expression of @entity855 -gated cation channels in chromaffin cells is species dependent. The P2X receptors in @entity840 chromaffin cells show many characteristics of the P2X2 receptor subtype.

title: XXXX chromaffin cells lack P2X receptors while those of the @entity840 express a P2X receptor with novel pharmacology.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'Guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: It has recently been demonstrated that acute @entity1007 per se, independently of its atherogenic effect, increases the extent of @entity296 in @entity95 undergoing @entity1563 -reperfusion. Estimation of myocardial blood flow after reperfusion indicated that this deleterious effect was due to a @entity455 that limited the efficacy of reperfusion. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role played by platelets in contributing to the occurrence of this deleterious effect. Accordingly, New Zealand White @entity95 were fed a standard laboratory chow diet (plasma @entity165 67 +/- 12 mg/dl) or a 2% @entity165 -enriched diet for 3 days (plasma @entity165 329 +/- 70 mg/dl). In a first series of experiments autologous platelets were labeled with @entity4769 . After labeling, platelets were reinjected in the same animal and 30 min later @entity1563 ( @entity1563 ) was induced. @entity1563 was maintained for 30 min followed by 5.5 hr of reperfusion. The animals were then killed, their hearts were excised, and each left ventricle was divided into @entity63 and normally perfused samples. Myocardial samples were then counted in a gamma counter. Platelet accumulation ratio, i.e., 111In activity in the @entity63 myocardium per gram of tissue divided by 111In activity in the normal myocardium per gram of tissue, was calculated. The ratio was 2.4 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM) in controls (n = 7) and 10.3 +/- 1.0 in the @entity165 -fed group (n = 6, p less than .001), indicating that a marked accumulation of platelets occurs in the @entity63 myocardium of @entity753 @entity95 . To evaluate the importance of this phenomenon, another series of experiments was performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of platelet depletion in counteracting the detrimental effect of acute XXXX on infarct size and the no-reflow phenomenon in @entity95 undergoing @entity1563 -reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion', 'CAO']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: We present the case of a 25-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity425 , @entity353 , @entity417 , and elevated liver enzymes. Outpatient diagnostic evaluation, including abdominal ultrasound and endoscopies, revealed no conclusive explanation for the clinical picture and the @entity1 was admitted to our clinic. Because of the @entity828 together with the elevated liver enzymes, one of our differential diagnoses was that of @entity409 . To clarify this, we performed a minilaparoscopy, which showed multiple diffuse distributed spots of livid color without clear margins distributed all over both liver lobes. A biopsy taken from these areas revealed the diagnosis of @entity9429 with irregular and diffusely enlarged hepatic sinusoids with an irregular structure. Peliosis @entity9429 is associated with numerous infectious and @entity5 , but also occurs as a result of @entity99 . Further evaluation of our @entity1 with an x-ray and a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a mediastinal mass and a CT-guided biopsy showed classical @entity978 . After completing further screening, a definitive diagnosis of @entity978 stage II/N/B (Ann-Arbor) was established and chemotherapy according to the German Hodgkin's study group protocol with @entity1732 , @entity2879 , @entity632 , @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity4174 , and @entity229 (the BEACOPP regimen) was initiated. After the first chemotherapy cycle, the @entity1 's symptoms and laboratory values improved rapidly. Taken together, we present the case of a @entity1 with @entity9429 as an uncommon manifestation of @entity978 . Despite an extensive literature search, we could not find any case of @entity9429 associated with a de novo diagnosis of classical @entity978 .

title: First reported case of disease: @entity9429 as cardinal symptom of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic diseases']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity9429 :: ('MESH:D010382', 'Disease') :: ['hepatis', 'peliosis hepatis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma", "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['toxic liver damage']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety, effectiveness, and feasibility of microwave ablation (MWA) of small @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) in selected @entity1 . Institutional review board and informed consent were obtained. From December 2007 to January 2009, 12 @entity1 (8 male, 4 female) were enrolled in a treatment group, in which percutaneous MWA of small @entity1358 was performed under contrast-enhanced ultrasound guidance. The @entity5 were 1.7-2.9 cm in diameter (mean diameter, 2.0 cm).Therapeutic effects were assessed at follow-up with computed tomography. All @entity1 were followed up for 3-14 months (mean, 6 months) to observe the therapeutic effects and complications (according to SIR classification). Assessment was carried out with CT imaging. No severe complications or unexpected side effects were observed after the MWA procedures. In all cases technical success was achieved. Clinical effectiveness was 100%; none of the @entity1 showed recurrence on imaging. In conclusion, our preliminary results support the use of MWA for the treatment of small @entity703 . This technology can be applied in select @entity1 who are not candidates for surgery, as an alternative to other ablative techniques.

title: Single-antenna microwave ablation under contrast-enhanced ultrasound guidance for treatment of XXXX : preliminary experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'RCCs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['small renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: One of the defining features of aggressive @entity320 is their complexity. Hundreds of mutations and an ever increasing list of changes in the transcriptome and proteome distinguish normal from malignant melanocytic cells. Yet, despite this altered genetic background, a long-known attribute of @entity320 is a relatively low rate of mutations in the @entity899 gene. However, it is unclear whether @entity899 is maintained in @entity320 cells because it is required for their survival, or because it is functionally disabled. More pressing from a translational perspective, is to define whether there is a @entity5 cell-selective wiring of @entity899 that offers a window for therapeutic intervention. Here, we provide genetic and pharmacological evidence demonstrating that @entity899 represents a liability to @entity320 cells, which they thwart by assuming an oncogenic dependency on the E3 ligase @entity19 double minute-2 ( @entity1231 ). Specifically, we used a combination of RNA interference and two structurally independent small molecule inhibitors of the @entity899 - @entity1231 interaction to assess the relative requirement of both proteins for the viability of normal melanocytes and a broad panel of @entity320 cell lines. We demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that @entity1231 is selectively required to blunt latent pro-senescence signals in @entity320 cells. Notably, the outcome of @entity1231 inactivation depends not only on the mutational status of @entity899 , but also on its ability to signal to the transcription factor @entity11319 . These data support @entity1231 as a drug target in @entity320 cells, and identify @entity11319 as a biomarker to consider when stratifying putative candidates for clinical studies of @entity899 - @entity1231 inhibitors.

title: @entity11319 -dependent oncogenic addiction of XXXX cells to @entity1231 .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) affects a large number of @entity1 , usually in their adolescence. One of the primary manifestations of the disease is @entity1866 , and the presence of a menstrual cycle is often used as a sign of recovery among @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity1278 are likely to seek medical advice from a gynecologist with regards to their period problems. The role of the gynecologist is therefore crucial in identifying and referring these @entity1 promptly to specialised centers. STUDY DESIGN: A brief anonymous questionnaire was completed by 94 gynecologists practising in Athens. RESULTS: Approximately half of the responders felt that the conditions were rarer than it really is, and 25% thought that the disease primarily affects @entity1 in their early twenties. Although 56% of gynecologists would not prescribe the combined oral contraceptive in @entity1 with @entity1278 in order to restore their periods, the remainder of gynecologists were in favour of prescribing hormone replacement with a view to reducing the risk of @entity2331 . This is despite the fact that emerging evidence shows there is no benefit. Ten percent of gynecologists never weigh their @entity1 during evaluation of @entity4999 and 72% felt that their level of knowledge as far as @entity1278 is concerned is inadequate. CONCLUSION: More education is required among gynecologists on the @entity1278 , in order to identify and refer @entity1 in the early stages of the disease process.

title: XXXX : a psychiatric illness with gynecological manifestations. A survey of knowledge and practice among Greek gynecologists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia nervosa', 'anorexia nervosa', 'AN', 'subject of anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual irregularity']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Anorexia nervosa']


abstract: Sertoli cell-enriched cultures derived from 19-day old @entity35 were exposed to FSH, @entity13194 , glucagon and @entity5393 for 24 up to 96 h. The influence of primary stimulation with these agonists on the response of the cells to subsequent stimulation with the homologous or heterologous agonists was investigated. Particular attention was paid to the response of the aromatase system defined as the ability of the cells to convert @entity251 into @entity53 . The responsiveness of this system was compared with the responsiveness of two other systems: @entity1920 cyclase and phosphodiesterase. It could be demonstrated that preincubation with the mentioned agonists results in a decreased responsiveness (maximal response) and a decreased sensitivity (ED50) upon re-stimulation with the homologous agonists. Preincubation with FSH also provokes partial desensitization for glucagon and @entity13194 . This heterologous desensitization can be mimicked by @entity5393 . The mentioned desensitization reactions are accompanied by a marked decrease in the accumulation of @entity268 in the medium. Whereas desensitization of the adenylate cyclase occurs rapidly, desensitization of the aromatase response requires protracted stimulation for 3-4 days. In contrast with the adenylate cyclase and the aromatase system, the responsiveness of phosphodiesterase to FSH, @entity13194 , glucagon and @entity5393 is not affected by repeated stimulation for 96 h. It is concluded that hormonal desensitization affects both early ( @entity268 ) and late (aromatase) responses of the Sertoli cell. However, some responses, such as phosphodiesterase activity seem to escape the desensitization process.

title: Desensitization of Sertoli cell-enriched cultures by FSH, @entity13194 and glucagon. Influence on subsequent stimulation of XXXX production.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity13194 :: ('CHEBI:6257', 'Chemical') :: ['L-isoproterenol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['17 beta-estradiol']


abstract: Thirty-eight biopsies of cutaneous lesions from @entity1201 @entity1 [borderline tuberculoid (BT) 14, @entity1202 ( @entity1202 ) 18, @entity1203 (LL) 6] were processed for staining of some extracellular matrix (ECM) components (collagen, proteoglycans, elastic fibers and fibronectin). Specific histological staining and the indirect immunofluorescence method with antibodies to collagen and fibronectin were utilized. The ECM of the normal dermis was strikingly modified in the inflammatory infiltrate. By Gomori's reticulin and anti-fibronectin immunostaining, replacement of the dense interlaced collagen fibers with a reticular mesh was observed in the infiltrate. The immunoreactivity obtained with anti-type I and anti-type III collagens showed positive fibrils and a lumpy pattern in the @entity75 with a higher amount in the @entity75 . The lack of clear-cut boundaries between the normal dermis and the inflammatory infiltrate in the @entity1203 ( @entity1202 , LL) lesions was correlated with the blurred limits of the clinical lesions of this pole of the @entity1201 spectrum. Absence of elastic fibers in the infiltrate was a constant finding, and fuchsin-positive microfibrils were found in some infiltrates. The clear zone of @entity75 was devoid of oxytalan fibers. Elaunin fiber rings around sweat gland acini were present even when the @entity1201 infiltrate was seen enveloping them. The original ECM is replaced by a newly assembled one, which is suited for the dynamic nature of the inflammatory process. The trophic effects of the ECM upon the cutaneous epithelial structures are modified so that @entity194 and late degeneration ensues. These ECM modifications contribute, therefore, to the biological alterations of the skin functions in @entity1201 .

title: Dermal extracellular matrix in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lepromatous and tuberculoid lesions', 'lepromatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1202 :: ('MESH:D056006', 'Disease') :: ['borderline lepromatous', 'BL']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['lepromatous']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cutaneous leprosy lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of clinically diagnosed exercise-induced @entity5143 (EIB) and @entity565 among National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student athletes. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Division I university athletic department and primary care sports medicine clinic/athletic training room. @entity1 : All varsity athletes were eligible for the study. Seventy-five @entity1 entered the study; 74 completed all the study protocols. INTERVENTIONS: Study @entity1 underwent measurement of exhaled @entity842 (eNO), followed by baseline spirometry. @entity10441 ( @entity10441 ) was then performed, followed by spirometry every 3 minutes for a total of 21 minutes to measure change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Exhaled @entity842 levels, baseline spirometry, and response of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to @entity10441 . RESULTS: There were a total of 16 subjects with a positive @entity10441 test. There were 16 (80%) individuals using a bronchodilator who had a negative @entity10441 test versus 4 (20%) who had a positive test. Mean eNO values were different across subject groups defined by treatment status, although not statistically significant. The highest mean eNO value of 24.32 ppb was found in subjects only taking bronchodilators compared with the lowest mean value of 16.75 ppb in athletes who were not taking any medications. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study provide further evidence to support the need for objective testing to correctly diagnose EIB. These data suggest that measuring eNO may help to distinguish truly isolated EIB from @entity565 in athletes, but a larger study is needed to confirm these initial observations.

title: The diagnosis of XXXX and exercise-induced @entity5143 in division I athletes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity10441 :: ('MESH:D006985', 'Disease') :: ['EVH', 'Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity2910 rarely involves life-threatening complications, such as @entity39 , perforation, or @entity292 formation between the esophagus and the airway. We herein report a case of @entity2910 complicated by esophagobronchial and esophagopulmonary fistulas. The @entity1 in our study was a 70-year-old @entity1 with a 3-month history of @entity1282 . Based on endoscopy and histological findings, he was diagnosed with a @entity778 . Antifungal and antiviral therapy was administered without success. The esophagopulmonary @entity292 formation and a @entity1997 were identified 7 months later. The @entity1 was deemed intolerable to an esophagectomy due to his poor general condition, thus necessitating a two-stage operation. A cervical esophagostomy and a tube drainage of the thoracic esophagus were followed by an esophageal bypass using the pedicled jejunum via an antethoracic route. Although the @entity1997 resolved, the @entity32 of the esophagus persisted. A @entity292 between the esophagus and the left main bronchus eventually formed postoperatively and the @entity1 died due to @entity1576 .

title: @entity2910 complicated by an esophago-airway XXXX : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['coinfection of Candida spp. and herpes simplex virus']

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['lung abscess']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['Candida esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: Whether @entity14510 is a selective disorder that affects reading only, or if it reflects a more general visual disturbance, is highly debated. We have investigated the selectivity of @entity227 in a pure alexic @entity1 ( @entity10575 ) using a combination of psychophysical measures, mathematical modelling and more standard experimental paradigms. @entity10575 's naming and categorization of line drawings were normal with regards to both errors and reaction times (RTs). Psychophysical experiments revealed that @entity10575 's recognition of single letters at fixation was clearly impaired, and recognition of single digits was also affected. His visual apprehension span was markedly reduced for letters and digits. His reduced visual processing capacity was also evident when reporting letters from words. In an object decision task with fragmented pictures, @entity10575 's performance was abnormal. Thus, even in a pure alexic @entity1 with intact recognition of line drawings, we find evidence of a general @entity227 not selective to letters or words. This finding is important because it raises the possibility that other pure alexics might have similar non-selective impairments when tested thoroughly. We argue that the general @entity227 in @entity10575 can be accounted for in terms of inefficient build-up of sensory representations, and that this low level deficit can explain the pattern of spared and impaired abilities in this @entity1 .

title: Visual processing in XXXX : a case study.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficits', 'visual deficit']

entities_list: @entity14510 :: ('MESH:D020237', 'Disease') :: ['pure alexia']

answer: @entity14510 :: (MESH:D020237,Disease) :: ['pure alexia']


abstract: A new, sensitive enzyme immunoassay has been developed for detecting and quantifying @entity10745 (HCV) core antigen in anti-HCV positive or negative sera ("trak-C", Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of trak-C as an additional laboratory diagnostic marker of viraemia. The performance was compared to @entity3531 -RNA detection in the "screening" of sera from a large heterogeneous population of hospitalised @entity1 and outpatients. Six hundred and eighteen anti-HCV negative sera, 405 anti-HCV positive/ @entity3531 -RNA negative sera, 604 anti-HCV positive/ @entity3531 -RNA positive sera and 67 anti-HCV negative sera containing antigens or antibodies potentially interfering with the performance of the assay were analysed. Supplemental HCV antibody testing was performed using a commercial strip immunoblot assay. @entity3531 -RNA was investigated using a qualitative commercial assay. A quantitative commercial RT-PCR was used for the analysis of selected samples. Sensitivity and specificity values were 94.7 and 100%, respectively. The latter was also confirmed when anti-HCV negative samples containing potentially interfering antigens/antibodies were examined. Sensitivity below 100% was probably due to an antigenaemia below the detection limit of trak-C. Besides, because 65.6% of @entity3531 -RNA positive/trak-C negative samples presented specific antibodies against all four RIBA antigens, the hypothesis was raised that, in some cases, the dissociation step efficiency could be sub-optimal. In conclusion, trak-C seems suitable for identifying @entity3531 infection on large based populations. It is a rapid to perform, reliable and specific assay that can be adapted to any laboratory setting.

title: Evaluation of a XXXX (HCV) core antigen assay for the detection of antigenaemia in anti-HCV positive individuals.

entities_list: @entity10745 :: ('MESH:D006526', 'Disease') :: ['total hepatitis C virus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity10745 :: (MESH:D006526,Disease) :: ['total hepatitis C virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Epicatechin (EC) intake has been suggested to be beneficial for the prevention of @entity65 , and it is well known that @entity32 is one of the major risk factors for @entity301 . The purpose of the present study was to determine the in  vitro and in  vivo effects of EC on @entity32 and @entity28 . METHODS AND RESULTS: DNA microarray analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of EC on gene expression in adipocytes co-cultured with bacterial endotoxin-stimulated macrophages. To determine the in  vivo effects of the @entity12919 , C57BL/6 @entity19 were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD combined with EC, and metabolic changes were observed EC suppressed the expression of many inflammatory genes in the adipocytes co-cultured with endotoxin-stimulated macrophages. Specifically, EC markedly suppressed chemokine (CC motif) ligand 19 ( @entity16761 ) expression. The target cell of EC appeared to macrophages. The in  vivo study indicated that @entity19 fed the EC-supplemented HFD were protected from diet-induced @entity28 and insulin resistance. Accordingly, the expression levels of genes associated with @entity32 in adipose tissue and in the liver were downregulated in this group of @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: EC exerts beneficial effects for the prevention of @entity32 and insulin resistance. Since we previously reported that @entity19 deficient in the @entity16761 receptor were protected from diet-induced @entity28 and insulin resistance, it can be concluded that the beneficial effects of EC could be mediated, at least in part, by marked suppression of @entity16761 expression.

title: XXXX downregulates adipose tissue @entity16761 expression and thereby ameliorates diet-induced @entity28 and insulin resistance.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'adipose tissue inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity12919 :: (MESH:D002392,Chemical) :: ['Epicatechin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of simultaneously modulated accelerated radiation therapy (SMART) to reduce the incidence of severe @entity697 in the treatment of unresectable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: 21 @entity1 were treated with SMART and concomitant @entity902 -based chemotherapy. The prescribed doses were limited to 54   Gy at 1.8   Gy per day to the zones of presumed microscopic extent while simultaneously maintaining doses of 66   Gy at 2.2   Gy per day to the macroscopic disease. The whole treatment was delivered over 30 fractions and 6 weeks. Dosimetric parameters of SMART and the standard technique of irradiation [intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)] were compared. Acute @entity137 was prospectively recorded. RESULTS: The highest grade of @entity354 was 62% (13 @entity1 ) grade 1, 33% (7 @entity1 ) grade 2 and 5% (1 @entity1 ) grade 3. Three (14%) @entity1 experienced acute grade 2 @entity55 . There was no grade 4 oesophageal or @entity358 . Doses to the organs at risk were significantly reduced in SMART compared with IMRT [oesophagus: V50Gy, 28.5   Gy vs 39.9   Gy (p   =   0.003); V60Gy, 7.1   Gy vs 30.7   Gy (p   =   0.003); lung: V20Gy, 27.4   Gy vs 30.1   Gy (p   =   0,002); heart: V40Gy, 7.3   Gy vs 10.7   Gy (p   =   0.006); spine: Dmax, 42.4   Gy vs 46.4   Gy (p   =   0.003)]. With a median follow-up of 18 months (6-33 months), the 1-year local control rate was 70% and the disease-free survival rate was 47%. CONCLUSION: SMART reduces the incidence of severe @entity354 and improves the whole dosimetric predictors of @entity137 for the lung, heart and spine. Advances in knowledge: Our study shows that SMART optimizes the therapeutic ratio in the treatment of @entity1149 , opening a window for dose intensification.

title: Simultaneously modulated accelerated radiation therapy reduces severe oesophageal XXXX in concomitant chemoradiotherapy of @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['LANSCLC', 'locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: AIM: Lateral internal sphincterotomy is considered the surgical treatment of choice for @entity12395 after failure of medical therapy but it risks continence. The aim of the study was to evaluate fissurectomy with advancement flap for anterior @entity12395 ( @entity12395 ) resistant to medical therapy. METHOD: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity12395 without @entity4372 of the internal anal sphincter, unresponsive to previous medical treatment, were included in the study. Absence of @entity4372 was defined as a maximum anal resting pressure (MRP) of less than 85 mmHg. All @entity1 underwent fissurectomy with an advancement skin flap. RESULTS: Complete healing occurred in all @entity1 within 30 days. The intensity and the duration of @entity158 after defecation reduced from the first postoperative defecation. MRP before surgery and at 6 months showed no significant difference. At 1 month, four @entity1 experienced a continence disturbance, two of whom had it preoperatively. At 12 months, two (12.5%) @entity1 continued to experience a continence disturbance. CONCLUSION: Fissurectomy with skin advancement flap resulted in complete healing and full relief of symptoms in all @entity1 . There was a low incidence of continence disturbance.

title: Fissurectomy and anal advancement flap for anterior @entity12395 without XXXX of the internal anal sphincter in females.

entities_list: @entity12395 :: ('MESH:D005401', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anal fissure', 'CAAF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonia']

answer: @entity4372 :: (MESH:D009122,Disease) :: ['hypertonia']


abstract: All @entity1 aged 0-19 years who had active @entity302 in a defined Swedish population were traced and given a clinical and psychometric investigation. Twelve years later, a follow-up study was carried out. Eleven of the 194 @entity1 had died, 8 of whom had had signs of neurodeficit, i.e., abnormal neurology and/or @entity1032 . A long-standing remission of @entity410 occurred in 124 of the 194 @entity1 . Signs of neurodeficit, frequent @entity410 , and many types of @entity410 were negative prognostic factors. The presence of all these factors carried a bad prognosis, @entity410 persisting during 12 years in greater than 80%. For those who were mentally and neurologically normal and had low @entity410 frequency, prognosis was excellent, only 11% still having active @entity302 after 12 years. A study of the annual remission rate showed that each year approximately 13% of the @entity1 without neurodeficit had remission from @entity302 the next year. This rate appeared to be stable over the 12 years studied. Among those @entity1 with neurodeficit, the annual remission rate was high only during the first years after onset, later falling to 3% a year.

title: Long-term prognosis in childhood XXXX : survival and @entity410 prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: A 3-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity10 , @entity391 , lethargy and @entity1829 . Communicating @entity1276 along with transependymal fluid absorption and meningeal contrast enhancement was identified on CT. The enhancement was initially thought to be the result of a partially treated @entity693 ( @entity1 was previously on oral antibiotics for a presumed @entity19834 ). A right ventricular-peritoneal shunt was placed. @entity2841 studies procured during the procedure were all normal. In contrast, @entity2841 from a lumbar puncture contained a high protein, and cytology was highly suspicious for @entity5 . Spine MRI showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and a 1.5-cm intramedullary lesion at T12-L1 associated with minimal @entity4 . The lesion was subtotally resected (70%) and diagnosed as an @entity816 (mostly Kernohan grade 2 but with areas of grade 3). Chemotherapy was administered and follow-up spine MRI at 2 months did not reveal any @entity41 , however, the leptomeningeal enhancement persisted. Sixteen months later, at the completion of the chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the spine MRI remained unchanged. Neurological examination has always been normal. This case illustrates how a @entity602 can @entity3 via spinocranial dispersion and present early with @entity1276 rather than @entity602 .

title: XXXX as the initial presentation of a @entity602 associated with leptomeningeal spread.

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'spinal cord astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity19834 :: ('MESH:D011019', 'Disease') :: ['mycoplasma pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasize']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['Hydrocephalus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of jaw symptoms and signs during the first year after a @entity135 in a car collision. Further, to determine their relationships to the localisation and grade of the @entity135 and signs, @entity10 , @entity1005 and crash characteristics. METHODS: One hundred and forty-six adult subjects and crash characteristics were prospectively investigated in an in-depth study during 1997-2001. Head, neck, and jaw symptoms and signs were recorded within 5 weeks and after 1 year. Acute @entity1005 was estimated with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). RESULTS: Jaw symptoms were initially reported by three @entity1 (5%) and three @entity1 (4%), and subsequently developed in eight @entity1 (10%) during the following year. Jaw signs were noted initially in 53 subjects (37%) and in 28 subjects (24%) after 1 year, without difference between sexes, and more often after low-speed impacts. @entity10 in females, @entity129 , pronounced neck problems, @entity1005 and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) grade II-III after rear-end impacts were related to jaw signs during the acute phase. After 1 year, jaw signs were related to residual neck problems, @entity10 and @entity1005 . CONCLUSIONS: Jaw symptoms are seldom reported during the acute phase after a @entity130 . @entity1 more often than @entity1 develop jaw symptoms during the first year. Jaw symptoms and signs may develop also after low-speed impacts, especially after rear-end collisions. Jaw symptoms and signs should be observed after @entity130 , especially in those with @entity10 , pronounced neck problems, @entity129 and @entity1005 .

title: Jaw symptoms and signs and the connection to @entity129 and @entity1005 during the first year after a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['initial neck symptoms', 'neck sprain']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial cervical symptoms', 'cranial neck symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['WAD', 'whiplash-associated disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['whiplash trauma']


abstract: A 30-year retrospective review of cases of @entity2 from the Cancer Registry of the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan Nigeria was carried out. A total of 142 cases were analyzed with a male:female ratio of 1.7:1. Peak age incidence in females was 2 decades (4th) earlier than for males. @entity957 was found most commonly but @entity420 predominated in females. Mucoepidermoid and @entity189 were absent. About 27% of @entity1 were under 40 years old and the majority of these (82%) showed the bad prognosis histological variants (i.e. @entity189 , @entity420 , @entity5 and @entity242 ). At autopsy the original lymph nodes were founded to be most commonly involved by secondary metastases while the spinal cord was least involved. The epidemiology of @entity5 in Ibadan probably differs from that in the more industrialized countries and this suggests a different view of risk factors for this environment. Additionally there is an urgent need for developing methods for earlier diagnosis if the mortality associated with this disease is to be reduced especially as it occurs predominantly in young @entity1 .

title: XXXX at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lung tumours', 'small cell tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['adenoidcystic carcinomas', 'anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: Myometrial contraction induced by @entity398 (OT) is dependent on the OT concentration and the number of @entity19822 ( @entity19822 ) expressed. We previously reported that the number of myometrial @entity19822 expressed is regulated by @entity53 and @entity1420 in myometrial cell culture. In the present study, we evaluate the change in the number of @entity19822 expressed on the cell surface after the addition of OT. After OT was added under various conditions to myometrial cells, we measured the number of @entity19822 expressed on the cell surface (surface- @entity19822 ) and those in the plasma membrane (PM) (total- @entity19822 ). 1. After the addition of 1 nM OT, total- @entity19822 was 25.78 fmol/mg protein in the OT-negative control and was 23.66 and 7.88 at 30 minutes and 24 hours. 2. Surface- @entity19822 showed no changes after the addition of 1 nM OT at 4 degrees C, and the value after 60 minutes was 8.90 fmol/mg protein. At 37 degrees C, however, it become 5.53 and 1.72 fmol/mg protein 60 minutes after the addition of OT at 10pM and 10nM. This decrease in surface- @entity19822 was suppressed by concanavalin A (ConA), which inhibits the internalization of receptors. Our study demonstrated that @entity19822 expressed on the surface of myometrial cells decreased rapidly in the presence of OT due to internalization.

title: [The regulation of human myometrial @entity398 receptor expression by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: @entity5606 ( @entity5606 ) is a rare, @entity146 variant of @entity1653 classified as a WHO @entity5 . @entity5606 exhibits a striking histological resemblance to other @entity5606 and strong tendency towards local recurrences, CSF dissemination, and/or remote @entity3 . The majority of reported cases are of secondary rhabdoid transformation in recurrent @entity1653 . We present two unusual cases of @entity5606 diagnosed as a primary @entity1504 in adults that were associated with extensive @entity39 and an @entity146 clinical course. On histological examination, the majority of the @entity5 mass was composed of @entity39 tissue with focal clusters of neoplastic cells, often localized around blood vessels. Most @entity5 cells exhibited typical rhabdoid morphology with large, vesicular, often eccentrically located nuclei with distinct nucleoli and abundant cytoplasm containing eosinophilic hyaline inclusions. Classical meningothelial features with focal whorl formation were scarce and seen only in one case; in the second case the @entity5 was entirely rhabdoid. The differential diagnosis with atypical @entity5606 ( @entity1129 /RTs) and other @entity5 , particularly metastatic @entity189 , was considered. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study were critical for the accurate diagnosis of the rhabdoid subtype of @entity1653 . Rhabdoid cells stained diffusely positive for @entity2277 and @entity2281 protein and showed focal but strong expression of epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratins. The rhabdoid areas of the @entity5 exhibited high mitotic activity with a @entity1758 labeling index of 80 - 90%. The diagnosis of @entity5606 was supported by evidence of @entity6195 ( @entity6195 ) protein expression. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated the presence of interdigitating cell processes joined by numerous desmosomes and paranuclear whorls of intermediate filaments typical of the rhabdoid phenotype. Our two cases of @entity5606 were associated with lethal outcome within a few months of initial diagnosis. Extensive @entity39 in @entity5606 might be considered an additional predictor of @entity146 clinical behavior.

title: @entity39 with XXXX clinical behavior.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumor', 'Grade III malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['RM', 'teratoid/rhabdoid tumors', 'rhabdoid meningioma', 'rhabdoid tumors', 'rhabdoid meningiomas', 'Rhabdoid meningioma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesion']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Illness severity scores are commonly employed in @entity3124 @entity1 to predict outcome. To date, prior scores for post- @entity1167 @entity1 rely on some event-related data. We developed an early, novel post-arrest illness severity score to predict survival, good outcome and development of @entity881 ( @entity881 ) after @entity1167 . METHODS: Retrospective review of data from adults treated after in-hospital or out-of-hospital @entity1167 in a single tertiary care facility between 1/1/2005 and 12/31/2009. In addition to clinical data, initial illness severity was measured using serial organ function assessment (SOFA) scores and full outline of unresponsiveness (FOUR) scores at hospital or intensive care unit arrival. Outcomes were hospital mortality, good outcome (discharge to home or rehabilitation) and development of @entity881 ( @entity881 ). Single-variable logistic regression followed by @entity13997 ( @entity13997 ) was used to determine predictors of outcome. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent association between predictors and each outcome. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate goodness of fit. The n-fold method was used to cross-validate each @entity13997 analysis and the difference between the misclassification risk estimates was used to determine model fit. RESULTS: Complete data from 457/495 (92%) subjects identified distinct categories of illness severity using combined FOUR motor and brainstem subscales, and combined SOFA cardiovascular and respiratory subscales: I. Awake; II. Moderate @entity772 without @entity177 ; III. Moderate @entity772 with @entity177 ; and IV. Severe @entity772 . Survival was independently associated with category (I: OR 58.65; 95% CI 27.78, 123.82; II: OR 14.60; 95% CI 7.34, 29.02; III: OR 10.58; 95% CI 4.86, 23.00). Category was also similarly associated with good outcome and development of @entity881 . The proportion of subjects in each category changed over time. CONCLUSIONS: Initial illness severity explains much of the variation in @entity1167 outcome. This model provides prognostic information at hospital arrival and may be used to stratify @entity1 in future studies.

title: An early, novel illness severity score to predict outcome after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13997 :: ('MESH:C563663', 'Disease') :: ['CHAID', 'Chi-squared automatic interaction detector']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in @entity5 @entity3 based on their capacity to regulate the expression of @entity5 -related genes. Over-expression of key genes such as @entity517 and @entity3546 (encoding @entity3546 ) in Wnt/ @entity3546 -dependent and @entity9067 in Wnt/ @entity3546 -independent signaling pathways (Rho/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway) has already been identified as the hallmarks of many @entity5 , and their role in @entity0 has also been investigated and confirmed. @entity9068 characterization as an onco-suppressor miRNA has been previously reported. However, the mechanism by which it inhibits @entity3 has not been completely elucidated. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blot, and luciferase assays were used to confirm the effect of @entity9068 on the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the target genes. Lentiviral particles containing @entity9068 were also used to evaluate the effect of @entity9068 restoration on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro in the invasive MDA-MB-231 cell line. By applying bioinformatic approaches for the prediction of miRNAs targeting 3'-UTRs of @entity3546 , @entity517 , and @entity9067 , we found out that @entity9068 could dramatically down-regulate @entity3 by targeting Wnt signaling in @entity0 cells. In the current study, analyzing @entity9068 by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in MDA-MB-231 showed that it was remarkably down-regulated in the metastatic @entity0 cell line. We found that restoration of @entity9068 in the @entity0 cell line, MDA-MB-231, suppresses the expression of the target genes' messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein and, as a result, inhibits @entity5 cell invasion and @entity3 . Our findings highlight the ability of bioinformatic approaches to find miRNAs targeting specific genes. By bioinformatic analysis, we confirmed the important role of @entity9068 as a pivotal regulator of @entity0 @entity3 in targeting previously validated ( @entity9067 ) and potentially novel genes, i.e., ( @entity3546 and @entity517 ).

title: MicroRNA-340 inhibits the migration, invasion, and @entity3 of XXXX cells by targeting Wnt pathway.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The evaluation and treatment of @entity25 represent an important area of research and clinical practice. Attempts to improve disturbed sleep are often needed, and treatment of the primary disorder associated with the @entity22 , rather than the symptom of @entity25 , is always desirable. Our insight into sleep physiology and homeostasis is, however, rather limited. There may be several causative factors behind sleeping problems, and the treatment must be chosen accordingly. Of the drugs marketed, @entity1245 are the drugs of choice, but other types of drugs are often useful in selected @entity1 . The pharmacological profiles of the various types of @entity1245 differ markedly from one another. The rate of distribution of the drug determines the duration of effects after a single dose whereas the elimination half-life is the determining factor during continuous intake. A treatment programme based on the individual @entity1 and the type of @entity25 is usually necessary. An understanding of the quality and occurrence of such phenomena as carry-over, withdrawal and rebound effects as well as dependence problems reduces treatment complications and unnecessary use of sleeping pills. A good @entity1 /doctor relationship is also needed to minimize the potential risks as well as the unnecessary use of hypnotic drugs.

title: Drug treatment of XXXX : indications and complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: @entity484 is commonly characterized by intense @entity111 . Current treatment modalities for this condition, regardless of its cause, are primarily directed at blunting the cutaneous inflammatory response and thereby providing relief of @entity111 . To expand on our previous findings in @entity483 , the present multicenter double-blind trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and antipruritic efficacy of 5% @entity11886 cream in @entity1 with lichen simplex chronicus (n = 136), @entity484 (n = 87), or contact @entity1909 (n = 86). A total of 309 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity111 were randomly assigned to apply either doxepin cream (n = 154) or vehicle cream (n = 155) to eczematous areas four times per day for a period of 7 days. Efficacy was assessed using a @entity111 severity rating scale, a Physician's Global Evaluation for @entity111 relief, and a Visual Analogue Scale for @entity111 relief. RESULTS: Twenty-four hours after initiation of treatment, and continuing throughout the remainder of the study, @entity1 treated with doxepin cream experienced significantly greater @entity111 relief than did vehicle-treated @entity1 as determined by all efficacy parameters (P < .002). Sixty percent of doxepin-treated @entity1 experienced @entity111 relief within 24 hours. The response rate increased to 84% by conclusion of the study. As judged by significant changes (P < or = .05) occurring in at least one assessment of efficacy, doxepin cream provided @entity111 relief in all forms of @entity484 that were examined. The study medication was well tolerated. The two most common adverse effects, stinging at the site of application and drowsiness, were usually transient and mild to moderate in severity. CONCLUSION: Topical application of doxepin provides significant antipruritic activity with a favorable safety profile, suggesting a role for doxepin cream in the symptomatic treatment of @entity111 associated with @entity484 .

title: The antipruritic effect of 5% doxepin cream in XXXX with @entity484 . Doxepin Study Group.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity11886 :: ('MESH:D004316', 'Chemical') :: ['doxepin hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['nummular eczema', 'eczematous dermatitis', 'Eczematous dermatitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive immunohistochemical (IHC) map of the temporal expression and tissue distribution of @entity17155 ( @entity17155 ) through progression of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) in two strains of @entity840 with varying propensity for spontaneous @entity2720 . METHODS: @entity571 and @entity571 -resistant Strain 13 @entity840 were collected at 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, and 480 days of age (N=4 animals per strain per date). IHC was performed on whole joint preparations; the distribution of @entity17155 expression on coronal sections was mapped, semi-quantitatively scored, and correlated to @entity571 grade using Mankin criteria with @entity840 -specific modifications. @entity571 and IHC indices were compared among times and between strains using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks followed by Dunn's post test. RESULTS: @entity571 indices for both strains increased from 60 to 480 days of age; a statistically higher score (P  <= 0.01) was found in Hartley animals at 180, 240, 360, and 480 days. At 60 days of age, @entity17155 expression was detected in cartilage, menisci, synovium, and subchondral bone in both strains. Persistent and statistically increased (P<0.05) @entity17155 expression was found in these same tissues in Hartley animals at 120 and 180 days, while Strain 13 animals demonstrated a significant reduction in positive immunostaining. Statistical differences in IHC indices between strains beyond 240 days of age were restricted to synovium (days 240 and 480) and subchondral bone (days 360 and 480). CONCLUSIONS: As expected, histologic @entity571 proceeded in an accelerated manner in Hartley animals relative to Strain 13 animals. The @entity571 -prone strain did not demonstrate reduced @entity17155 expression during adult maturity as occurred in the @entity571 -resistant strain, and this persistent expression may have corresponded to early incidence of @entity571 . Future interventional studies are warranted to explore whether dysregulation of @entity17155 expression may contribute to premature onset of spontaneous disease in the Hartley @entity840 .

title: Temporal expression and tissue distribution of @entity17155 in two strains of XXXX with varying propensity for spontaneous knee osteoarthritis.

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['knee joint disease']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA-prone Hartley', 'osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: The supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus contains magnocellular neurosecretory neurons (MNC) which synthesize and release the peptide hormones vasopressin and @entity398 . @entity2227 is a prominent excitatory neurotransmitter in the SON and regulates MNC excitability. @entity143 receptors (NMDAR), a type of ionotropic @entity2227 receptor, mediate synaptic plasticity of MNCs and are necessary for characteristic burst firing patterns which serve to maximize hormone release. NMDARs are di- or tri-heteromeric complexes of @entity4474 and NR2 subunits. Receptor properties depend on NR2 subunit composition and variable splicing of @entity4474 . We investigated the expression profile of @entity4474 and NR2 subunits in the SON at the mRNA and protein levels plus protein expression of @entity4474 splice variants in control and salt-loaded adult @entity35 . There was robust mRNA expression of all subunits, with @entity4475 levels being the highest. At the protein level, @entity4474 , @entity4319 , and @entity4475 were robustly expressed, while @entity4476 was weakly expressed. @entity4477 protein was not detected with either of the two antibodies tested. All four @entity4474 splice variant cassettes (N1, C1, C2, C2') were detected in the SON, although @entity4474 N1 expression was too low for accurate analysis. Three days of salt-loading did not alter mRNA, protein, or splice variant expression of NMDAR subunits in the SON. Robust @entity4475 protein expression has not been previously shown in MNCs and is uncommon in the adult brain. Although the functional significance of this unusual expression profile is unknown, it may contribute to important physiological characteristics of SON neurons, such as burst firing and resistance to excitotoxicity.

title: @entity143 receptor subunit expression in the supraoptic nucleus of adult @entity35 : dominance of @entity4319 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

answer: @entity4475 :: (24412(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NR2D']


abstract: The effects of @entity413 infusion, fasting, and @entity12880 pretreatment on @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) disposition were investigated in @entity35 to determine the role of endogenous @entity844 beta-oxidation in the metabolic formation of 2-en- @entity2052 . @entity35 undergoing each treatment received a continuous steady-state infusion of @entity2052 and a single intravenous (i.v.) bolus of 2-en- @entity2052 . Elimination clearance of @entity2052 was significantly higher (median 31%, p = 0.002) with @entity413 infusion as compared with fasting but was unchanged by @entity12880 pretreatment as compared with control. Formation clearance of 2-en- @entity2052 was significantly higher with @entity413 infusion as compared with fasting (median 147%, p = 0.001) and with @entity12880 pretreatment as compared with control (median 73%, p = 0.041). Fractional metabolism of @entity2052 by this route averaged 6% in fasted and control @entity35 and 10% in @entity413 -infused and @entity12880 -pretreated @entity35 . Thus, @entity2052 elimination clearance was not greatly influenced by effects on this route in @entity35 . Elimination clearance of 2-en- @entity2052 was also higher with @entity413 infusion as compared with fasting (median 149%, p = 0.002), and with @entity12880 pretreatment as compared with control (median 167%, p less than 0.001). These observations are consistent with @entity413 -sparing release of endogenous @entity1718 (FAs) to compete with @entity2052 for beta-oxidation, and increased beta-oxidative activity after @entity12880 treatment. The results of this study provide strong in vivo evidence for involvement of beta-oxidation in metabolism of @entity2052 .

title: Beta-oxidation of valproate. II. Effects of fasting, XXXX , and @entity12880 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity12880 :: ('MESH:D002994', 'Chemical') :: ['clofibrate']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The effects of the @entity750    receptor antagonists @entity21958 (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and @entity21959 (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and of the @entity750 (2A) receptor antagonist @entity21960 (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) were studied in @entity35 implanted for chronic sleep procedures. Administration of 10 mg/kg @entity21958 , i.p., to @entity35 2 h after the beginning of the light phase of the light-dark cycle caused a significant increase of wakefulness (W) and a reduction of @entity25 ( @entity25 ), @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) and the number of REM periods during 6-h recording sessions. Light sleep was increased after the whole range of doses. The increase of W and reduction of @entity25 and @entity1949 occurred predominantly during the first 2-h period whereas light sleep was augmented over the first and the second 2-h recording periods. Injection of @entity21959 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 2 h after the beginning of the light period significantly increased W and reduced @entity25 and @entity1949 during the first 2-h recording period. Administration of @entity21960 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the light phase significantly increased @entity25 and reduced light sleep during 6-h sessions. @entity1949 and the number of REM period were reduced with the entire range of doses. The reduction of @entity1949 and light sleep and the increase of @entity25 occurred predominantly during the first and the second 2-h of recording, respectively. Injection of @entity21958 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 2 h after the beginning of the dark period induced a significant reduction of @entity1949 during the first 2-h of recording. In contrast, @entity21959 did not modify values corresponding to sleep variables during the dark period. Treatment with @entity21960 (2.5-10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the dark phase significantly increased @entity25 during the second 2-h period. Our study supports the proposal that blockade of postsynaptic @entity750    receptors with systemic administration of @entity21958 and @entity21959 increases W and reduces @entity25 and @entity1949 during the light phase of the sleep-wake cycle. @entity21958 also induces a suppression of @entity1949 during the dark period. It was confirmed, in addition, that administration of the @entity750 (2A) receptor antagonist @entity21960 enhances @entity25 during both phases of the light-dark cycle in the @entity35 .

title: Effects of the @entity750    receptor antagonists @entity21958 and @entity21959 and of the @entity750 (2A) receptor antagonist XXXX on sleep and wakefulness in the @entity35 during both phases of the light-dark cycle.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep', 'REMS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow wave sleep', 'SWS']

answer: @entity21960 :: (MESH:C484815,Chemical) :: ['EMD 281014']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although lifestyle interventions are effective in delaying the onset of @entity6 , translating these lessons to routine health care settings remains a challenge. We investigated the effectiveness of a theory-based, brief, small-group weight loss intervention for @entity6 prevention. A secondary purpose was to determine the potential reach of the intervention. METHODS: A total of 14,379 members of an integrated health care organization newly diagnosed with @entity5710 were potentially eligible to participate in this matched cohort longitudinal study. Of this group, 1,030 attended a 90-minute, small-group session that targeted personal action planning for healthful eating, physical activity, and weight management. We accessed electronic medical records to select 1 to 2 controls (matched on impaired fasting @entity413 measurement, sex, age, and body mass index) for each member who attended the small-group session (n = 760). Weight change, as recorded in the medical record, was the primary outcome. Mixed models analyses were used to adjust for matching variables and covariates and to account for individual random effects over time. RESULTS: Small-group @entity1 lost significantly more weight than did their matched controls. A significantly higher proportion of small-group @entity1 lost at least 5% of their body weight compared with controls. CONCLUSION: A brief, small-group weight loss intervention was effective. However, it did not reach broadly into the population that was at risk for @entity6 .

title: Reach and effectiveness of a weight loss intervention in @entity1 with XXXX in Colorado.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

answer: @entity5710 :: (MESH:D011236,Disease) :: ['prediabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) do not tolerate treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure, the 'gold standard' treatment for this condition. It was shown in a pilot study that acupuncture was more effective than placebo treatment (sham acupuncture) in producing significant changes in the respiratory events assessed by polysomnography (PSG). OBJECTIVES: To investigate the immediate effect of manual acupuncture (MA) and electroacupuncture (EA) on the sleep pattern of @entity1 presenting with moderate @entity27 . METHODS: 40 @entity1 with an @entity894 ( @entity894 ) of 15-30/h were randomly allocated to MA treatment (n=10), EA 10 Hz treatment (n=10), EA 2 Hz treatment (n=10) and a no-treatment control group (n=10). The @entity1 received MA or EA (2 or 10 Hz) just before the PSG study at 20:00. RESULTS: The @entity894 (p=0.005; p=0.005), the Apnoea Index (p=0.038; p=0.009) and the respiratory events (p=0.039; p=0.014) decreased significantly in the MA and EA 10 Hz groups, respectively ( @entity894 (21.9, 11.2), Apnoea Index (5.15, 0.7), respiratory events (120.5, 61.0) in the MA group before and after. @entity894 (20.6, 9.9), Apnoea Index (8.2, 0.3), respiratory events (117.0, 56.0) in the EA 10 Hz group before and after). The micro-arousals decreased only in the MA group (146.0 vs 88.5, p=0.0002). There were no significant changes in the EA 2 Hz group or in the control group. CONCLUSION: A single session of either MA or EA 10 Hz had an acute effect in reducing the @entity894 as well as the number of nocturnal respiratory events of @entity1 presenting with moderate @entity27 .

title: Immediate effect of acupuncture on the sleep pattern of XXXX with @entity27 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['AHI', 'Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity295 -induced @entity299 remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 suffered from severe @entity130 . Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) -based treatment has been verified as a promising approach to mitigate the @entity295 -induced @entity299 , but the mechanism is still ambiguous. Thus, our study was designed to explore the potential role of MSCs in @entity295 -induced @entity299 . In vivo bioluminescence imaging revealed 80% acute donor cell death of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) within 3 days after transplantation. However, echocardiography demonstrated that systolic function in wild-type @entity19 group were reduced after @entity295 , while the cardiac function was relatively well persevered in cardiac-conditional deletion of Raptor (component of @entity13407 complex) @entity19 group. Raptor KO group treated with BM-MSCs appeared better cardiac function than other groups (P<0.05). In vitro cell study revealed that co-culture of H9C2 (Raptor-Knock down) and BM-MSC could attenuate the level of proinflammatory cytokines and promote the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine accompanied by @entity15025 - @entity1994 activation (P<0.05). In contrast, co-culture H9C2 (Raptor-O.E) and BM-MSC could aggravate the inflammatory response accompanied by the activation of @entity13407 - @entity17740 and inhibition of @entity15025 - @entity1994 (P<0.05). The immunomodulatory property of MSC is related to the inhibition of @entity13407 - @entity17740 and activation of @entity15025 - @entity1994 signaling pathway. @entity13407 - @entity17740 and @entity15025 - @entity1994 pathways were involved in the therapeutic adjuncts of MSC. The possible mechanism due to MSC s immunomodulatory property through activation of @entity15025 - @entity1994 and inhibition of @entity13407 - @entity17740 signal pathways which may lead to modulate the expression of inflammation cytokines.

title: Mesenchymal stem cells in alleviating XXXX -induced @entity19 @entity299 via inhibition of @entity13407 - @entity17740 signal pathway.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: A total of 49 consecutive specimens of @entity2 were collected prospectively at surgical resection or autopsy from 40 @entity1 and nine @entity1 , aged 40-74 years. Of the 49 @entity5 , the gross appearance of 22 fitted the description of a @entity5 , i.e., a @entity5 with @entity2118 . @entity5 " were peripheral (17 @entity420 and two @entity957 ); three were central (one @entity957 and two @entity420 ). In the 19 @entity5 ," elastic stains demonstrated the presence of collapsed, unfibrosed lung tissue at the center with traction of the overlying pleura toward it. Elsewhere in the @entity5 , the elastic framework was either destroyed or expanded by @entity5 filling the alveolar spaces. @entity5 " had a significant desmoplastic reaction that might otherwise explain the scarred appearance. It appeared that local atelectasis was solely responsible for the @entity2118 . On the other hand, atelectatic lung tissue was not seen in the 27 @entity5 that did not have the appearance of a @entity5 . @entity378 was found in 10 of the 49 lung specimens. In only one specimen was the @entity66 anatomically associated with the @entity5 . There was no evidence of @entity8995 in any of the specimens. The term " @entity5 " was considered inappropriate as there was no preformed fibrous tissue. The scarred appearance was thought to be the result of @entity891 owing to small airways obstruction by @entity5 . Association with @entity378 was considered incidental.

title: XXXX . A pathologic reappraisal.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous lesion']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infarct']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'peripheral "scar cancers', 'None of the "scar cancers', 'cancers', 'scar cancer', 'Nineteen of the "scar cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['localized pulmonary atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pleural puckering and central pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary scar cancer']


abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of the @entity5015 analogue, @entity396 , when compared with @entity5616 in the @entity4773 . Sixty @entity1 with endoscopically proven duodenal @entity1066 participated in a double-blind controlled randomised trial comparing @entity396 400 microgram and @entity5616 150 mg, both given twice daily orally for up to 8 weeks. @entity1 characteristics at entry into the trial were similar in the two treatment groups, except that there were 6 @entity1 in the @entity5616 -treated group and none in the @entity396 -treated group. Ulcers were 0.3 - 2.0 cm in length. Healing was determined by endoscopy at 4 weeks; if @entity1066 were not healed, endoscopy was repeated at 8 weeks. All @entity1 were given antacid tablets to be used as needed for @entity158 up to a maximum of 8 tablets per day. Healing rates at 4 weeks for a total of 58 evaluate @entity1 in the two treatment groups were: @entity396 (15/29; 51.7%) and @entity5616 (20/29; 69.0%). Healing rates at 8 weeks for a total of 55 evaluable @entity1 in the two treatment groups were: @entity396 (21/27; 77.8%) and @entity5616 (24/28; 85.7%). The healing rate for @entity396 did not differ significantly from that for @entity5616 at both the 4-week (P = 0.28) and the 8-week assessment (P = 0.68). @entity294 was the most common side-effect but was usually mild. It occurred in 11 @entity1 on @entity396 and 1 @entity1 on @entity5616 . These results indicate that @entity396 400 micrograms was taken twice daily orally for up to 8 weeks is effective and safe for the treatment of duodenal @entity1066 .

title: A comparative study of @entity396 and @entity5616 in the XXXX . A double-blind controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['healing of duodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

answer: @entity4773 :: (MESH:D004381,Disease) :: ['healing of duodenal ulcers']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop an inexpensive and easily implemented @entity35 tibial osteotomy model capable of producing a range of healing outcomes. A saw blade was used to create a transverse osteotomy of the tibia in 89 @entity35 . A 0.89 mm diameter stainless steel wire was then inserted as an intramedullary nail to stabilize the @entity174 . To impair healing, 1, 2, or 3 mm cylindrical @entity12316 ( @entity12316 ) spacer beads were threaded onto the wires, between the bone ends. @entity174 healing was evaluated radiographically, biomechanically, and histologically at 5 weeks. Means were compared for statistical differences by one-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak multiple comparison testing. The mean number of "cortices bridged" for the no spacer group was 3.4 (SD    0.8), which was significantly greater than in the 1 mm (2.3    1.4), 2 mm (0.8    0.7), and 3 mm (0.3    0.4) groups (p < 0.003). Biomechanical results correlated with radiographic findings, with an ultimate torque of 172    53, 137    41, 90    38, and 24    23 N/mm with a 0, 1, 2, or 3 mm defect, respectively. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that this inexpensive, technically straightforward model can be used to create a range of outcomes from normal healing to @entity73 , to nonunions. This model may be useful for testing new therapeutic strategies to promote @entity174 healing, materials thought to be able to heal critical-sized defects, or evaluating agents suspected of impairing healing.

title: @entity35 tibial osteotomy model providing a range of normal to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired healing']

entities_list: @entity12316 :: ('MESH:C063834', 'Chemical') :: ['PEEK', 'polyetheretherketone']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['impaired healing']


abstract: @entity794 is an important @entity1 pathogen that causes a variety of diseases, ranging from localized skin infections to life-threatening @entity281 . The success of @entity794 as a pathogen is partly due to its ability to adhere to a wide range of host tissues by binding to host extracellular matrix proteins such as @entity2002 , fibronectin, and collagen. @entity794 expresses two proteins that can bind specifically to @entity2002 , clumping factors A and B (ClfA and ClfB). Repressor of toxins (Rot) is known to be a global regulator of virulence gene expression in @entity794 . The translation of Rot is regulated by the staphylococcal accessory gene regulator (Agr) quorum-sensing system. In this study, we demonstrated that Rot and the Agr system in @entity11336 can affect the bacterial binding ability to @entity1 @entity2002 (Fg) under different bacterial growth phases. Our real-time RT-PCR results indicated that both Rot and the Agr system have no significant effect on clfA expression. However, Rot is an activator of clfB, and Agr/RNAIII can regulate clfB expression via Rot. Gel shift data further suggested that Rot might regulate clfB expression by directly binding to the promoter region of clfB. Moreover, Rot and the Agr system exhibited consistent regulatory effects on clfB transcription and bacterial Fg-binding ability, suggesting that Rot and the Agr system might affect bacterial Fg-binding ability mainly through regulating clfB transcription.

title: Rot and Agr system modulate @entity2002 -binding ability mainly by regulating clfB expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections']

answer: @entity11336 :: (93061,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325']


abstract: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a marker of systemic low-grade @entity32 . The pathophysiologic mechanism of @entity101 retiopathy (HR) is not fully established. Elevated blood pressure (BP) alone does not fully account for the extent of @entity989 , other pathogenic mechanisms may be involved, such as low-grade @entity32 . Therefore, this study was designed to answer the following questions. (i) Do hs-CRP levels change in HR? (ii) Is there any relation between degree of HR and hs-CRP levels? This study included 84 @entity101 @entity1 with HR. The @entity101 @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the Keith-Wagener classification. Group 1 comprised 42 @entity1 with grade I HR, and Group 2 comprised 42 @entity1 with grade II HR. We selected 42 healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) for control group. The level of hs-CRP in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 1 group (p = 0.018) and control group (p = 0.001), it was also higher in group 1 than in control group (p = 0.002). Also, hs-CRP showed positive correlations with degree of HR (r = 0.29, p = 0.017). Our study suggests that there is a relationship between HR and hs-CRP levels, which may be associated with systemic low- grade @entity32 .

title: The association of low-grade systemic @entity32 with @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: Between November 1978 and September 1988, 184 @entity1 with @entity3052 in first remission received marrow transplants from HLA-identical siblings after conditioning with 120 mg/kg of @entity786 and 12.0 Gy fractionated total body irradiation. @entity1 received either @entity205 ( @entity9472 , n = 59), @entity1499 ( @entity6822 , n = 82), or @entity6822 + @entity9472 (n = 43 as @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis. The probabilities of grades II-IV acute @entity2132 after @entity9472 , @entity6822 or @entity6822 + @entity9472 were 0.43, 0.48 and 0.28, respectively (p = 0.06). The probability of non-relapse mortality was 0.53, 0.50 and 0.42 at 4 years in @entity1 treated with @entity9472 , @entity6822 , or @entity6822 + @entity9472 , respectively. The probability of relapse was 0.24 in @entity1 receiving @entity9472 , 0.24 in @entity1 receiving @entity6822 and 0.44 in @entity1 receiving @entity6822 + @entity9472 (p = 0.02). The probability of survival at 4 years was 0.54 with @entity9472 , 0.51 with @entity6822 and 0.45 with @entity6822 + @entity9472 . A multivariate analysis of risk factors for relapse examined age, WBC at diagnosis, blast count at diagnosis, percentage of marrow blasts, @entity1334 subtype, the number of remission induction courses to achieve a remission, maintenance therapy, consolidation therapy, marrow cell dose, donor-recipient sex, @entity2132 prophylaxis regimen and isolation and decontamination in laminar airflow rooms. @entity2132 prophylaxis with @entity6822 + @entity9472 was independently significantly associated with an increased risk of relapse (relative risk 2.25, p = 0.01). Acute @entity2132 was associated with increased non-relapse mortality (RR = 3.58, p < 0.0001). The administration of @entity6822 + @entity9472 did not adversely affect survival because @entity1 receiving this regimen experienced less mortality from causes other than relapse when compared with @entity1 receiving either @entity9472 or @entity6822 alone.

title: Effect of XXXX prophylaxis on relapse in @entity1 transplanted for @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergency Departments (EDs) are confronted with progressive overcrowding. As a consequence, the workload for ED physicians increases and waiting times go up with the risk of unnecessary complications and @entity1 dissatisfaction. To cope with these problems, Specialized Emergency Nurses (SENs), regular ED-nurses receiving a short, injury-specific course, were trained to assess and treat minor injuries according to a specific protocol. METHODS: An economic evaluation was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial comparing House Officers (HOs) and SENs in their assessment of ankle and @entity13256 . Cost prices were established for all parts of healthcare utilization involved. Total costs of health care utilization were computed per @entity1 in both groups. Cost-effectiveness was investigated by comparing the difference in total cost between groups with the difference in sensitivity and specificity between groups in diagnosing @entity174 and severe @entity6475 . Finally, cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated and presented on a cost-effectiveness plane. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen between treatment groups for any of the health care resources assessed. However, the waiting times for both first assessment by a treatment officer and time spent waiting between hearing the diagnosis and final treatment were significantly longer in the HO group. There was no statistically significant difference in costs between groups. The total costs were @entity7634 186 (SD @entity7634 623) for @entity1 in the SEN group and @entity7634 153 (SD @entity7634 529) for @entity1 in the HO group. The difference in total costs was @entity7634 33 (95% CI: - @entity7634 84 to @entity7634 155). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was @entity7634 27 for a reduction of one missed diagnosis and @entity7634 18 for a reduction of one false negative. CONCLUSION: Considering the benefits of the SEN-concept in terms of decreased workload for the ED physicians, increased @entity1 satisfaction and decreased waiting times, SENs appear to be a useful solution to the problem of ED crowding.

title: Cost-effectiveness of the SEN-concept: Specialized Emergency Nurses (SEN) treating ankle/ XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity13256 :: ('MESH:D018409', 'Disease') :: ['foot injuries']

answer: @entity13256 :: (MESH:D018409,Disease) :: ['foot injuries']


abstract: This study examines the efficacy of various doses of intravenous @entity3988 to control the ventricular response during @entity955 or @entity956 . Control of the ventricular response of @entity1 with @entity955 and a rapid ventricular response can provide @entity1 with relief of symptoms and improve hemodynamics. Eighty-four consecutive @entity1 with @entity955 or @entity956 , or both, received an intravenous bolus dose of @entity3988 followed by a continuous infusion of @entity3988 at 5, 10, and 15 mg/hour. The mean ventricular response and blood pressure were monitored. Overall, 94% of @entity1 (79 of 84) responded to the bolus dose with a > 20% reduction in heart rate from baseline, a conversion to sinus rhythm, or a heart rate < 100 beats/min. Seventy-eight @entity1 received the continuous infusion. After 10 hours of infusion, 47% of @entity1 (confidence interval [CI]: 36%, 59%) had maintained response with the 5 mg/hour infusion, 68% (CI: 57%, 79%) maintained response after the infusion was titrated to 10 mg/hour, and 76% (CI: 66%, 85%) after titration from the 5 and 10 mg/hour infusion to the 15 mg/hour dose. For the 3 @entity3988 infusions studied, mean (+/- SD) heart rate was reduced from a baseline value of 144 +/- 14 beats/min to 98 +/- 19, 107 +/- 25, 107 +/- 22, 101 +/- 22, 91 +/- 17, and 88 +/- 18 beats/min at infusion times 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 hours, respectively. By the end of the infusion, 18% of @entity1 (14 of 78) had conversion to sinus rhythm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Safety and efficacy of intravenous XXXX in @entity955 or @entity956 .

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the risk factors for @entity2718 -associated @entity294 (CDAD) recurrence, and its relationship with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). METHODS: Retrospective data of 125 consecutive hospitalized @entity1 diagnosed with CDAD between January 2006 and December 2007 were collected by medical chart review. Collected data included @entity1 characteristics at baseline, underlying medical disease, antibiotic history before receiving a diagnosis of CDAD, duration of hospital stay, severity of CDAD, concurrent treatment with PPIs, laboratory parameters, response to CDAD therapy, and recurrence of disease within 90 d of successful treatment. Various clinical and laboratory parameters were compared in @entity1 in whom CDAD did or did not recur. RESULTS: Of the 125 @entity1 (mean age, 67.6 +/- 13.9 years) that developed CDAD, 98 (78.4%) did not experience recurrence (non-recurrent group) and 27 (21.6%) experienced one or more recurrences (recurrent group). Prior to the development of CDAD, 96% of the 125 @entity1 were prescribed antibiotics, and 56 (44.8%) of the @entity1 received PPIs. Age older than 65 years (P = 0.021), feeding via nasogastric tube (NGT) (P = 0.045), low serum @entity2313 level (P = 0.025), and concurrent use of PPIs (P = 0.014) were found to be risk factors for CDAD recurrence by univariate analysis. However, sex, length of hospital stay, duration and type of antibiotics used, severity of disease, leukocyte count and @entity1851 (CRP) were not associated with risk of CDAD recurrence. On multivariate analysis, the important risk factors were advanced age (> 65 years, adjusted OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.12-3.87, P = 0.031), low serum @entity2313 level (< 2.5 g/dL, adjusted OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.35-4.91, P = 0.028), and concurrent use of PPIs (adjusted OR: 3.48, 95% CI: 1.64-7.69, P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Advanced age, serum @entity2313 level < 2.5 g/dL, and concomitant use of PPIs were found to be significant risk factors for CDAD recurrence.

title: Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for recurrence of @entity2718 -associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium-difficile']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity14515 is a rare disease usually caused by an underlying condition. It is defined as air filled cysts within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this paper is the development of an algorithm for the surgical therapy of PCI based one two case reports. CASE PRESENTATIONS: A 17-year-old @entity1 with @entity1467 and @entity1210 due to chemotherapy for @entity3052 was admitted with acute septic conditions and PCI. Explorative laparotomy revealed @entity63 of the right colon and resection of the affected intestine was performed. After a short interval in the intensive care unit the @entity1 was referred to the pediatric department. The second @entity1 , a 79 year old @entity1 , with @entity189 and @entity263 presented a distended abdomen. CT-scan revealed PCI and adhesive strangulation of intestines. Therefore only adhesiolysis was performed and PCI was treated conservatively. CONCLUSION: Only @entity1 with increased inflammatory parameters in laboratory findings or signs of @entity295 , @entity298 or bowel perforation in combination with PCI should receive an explorative laparotomy.

title: Surgical aspects of XXXX cystoides intestinalis: two case reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphatic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14515 :: ('MESH:D011006', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity14515 :: (MESH:D011006,Disease) :: ['pneumatosis']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of @entity851 on generic health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and cognitive functioning in pediatric @entity1 . Eighty-nine youth, 48 who were initially seen with @entity851 (SS group) and 41 with a history of @entity851 being treated with @entity2124 (GHT group) and one of their legal guardians participated in the study. HRQOL and cognitive functioning were assessed using the PedsQL    4.0 Generic Core Scales and PedsQL    Cognitive Functioning Scale. Comparisons were made between the study groups and with a previously obtained matched healthy sample. For the GHT group, height Z score was found to be a positive predictor of overall HRQOL while duration of GHT was found to be a predictor of physical functioning. For the SS group, the difference between midparental height Z score and height Z score was found to be a negative predictor of overall HRQOL and cognitive functioning. Comparison with the healthy sample demonstrated significant negative impact on HRQOL for @entity1 self-report and on HRQOL and cognitive functioning for parent proxy-report in both study groups. The GHT group had a significantly higher @entity1 self-reported Physical Functioning score than the SS group (effect size (ES)   =   0.52, p   <   0.05). In conclusion, the GHT group had slightly better HRQOL scores than the SS group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Both groups had significantly lower HRQOL and cognitive functioning scores than healthy sample. Predictors of HRQOL and cognitive functioning found in this study lend support to the use of the PedsQL    4.0 Generic Score Scales and PedsQL    Cognitive Functioning Scale in routine assessment of @entity1 with @entity851 in order to identify @entity1 at increased risk for @entity73 .

title: Health-related quality of life and cognitive functioning in pediatric XXXX : comparison of growth-hormone-na  ve, growth-hormone-treated, and healthy samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired HRQOL and cognitive functioning']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['short stature']