abstract: The sustained attention to response task comprises withholding key presses to one in nine of 225 target stimuli; it proved to be a sensitive measure of vigilance in a small group of narcoleptics. We studied sustained attention to response task results in 96 @entity1 from a tertiary @entity2724 referral centre. Diagnoses according to ICSD-2 criteria were @entity2724 with (n=42) and without @entity2725 (n=5), @entity24263 (n=37), and @entity27 (n=12). The sustained attention to response task was administered prior to each of five multiple sleep latency test sessions. Analysis concerned error rates, mean reaction time, reaction time variability and @entity73 , as well as the correlation of sustained attention to response task results with mean latency of the multiple sleep latency test and possible time of day influences. Median sustained attention to response task error scores ranged from 8.4 to 11.1, and mean reaction times from 332 to 366ms. Sustained attention to response task error score and mean reaction time did not differ significantly between @entity1 groups. Sustained attention to response task error score did not correlate with multiple sleep latency test sleep latency. Reaction time was more variable as the error score was higher. Sustained attention to response task error score was highest for the first session. We conclude that a high sustained attention to response task error rate reflects vigilance impairment in excessive @entity25 irrespective of its cause. The sustained attention to response task and the multiple sleep latency test reflect different aspects of sleep/wakefulness and are complementary.

title: Sustained attention to response task (SART) shows impaired vigilance in a spectrum of disorders of excessive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2725 :: ('MESH:D002385', 'Disease') :: ['cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity24263 :: ('MESH:D020177', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['post-error slowing']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['daytime sleepiness']


abstract: Little is known about the effects of successful psychotherapy on brain function in subjects with @entity148 . The present study aimed to identify changes in brain activation following cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in subjects suffering from @entity6542 . Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), brain activation to spider videos was measured in 28 spider phobic and 14 healthy control subjects. Phobics were randomly assigned to a @entity34 ( @entity34 ) and a @entity23 ( @entity23 ). Both groups of phobics were scanned twice. Between scanning sessions, CBT was given to the @entity34 . Before therapy, brain activation did not differ between both groups of phobics. As compared to control subjects, phobics showed greater responses to spider vs. control videos in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). CBT strongly reduced phobic symptoms in the @entity34 while the @entity23 remained behaviorally unchanged. In the second scanning session, a significant reduction of @entity2915 in the insula and ACC was found in the @entity34 compared to the @entity23 . These results propose that increased activation in the insula and ACC is associated with @entity6542 , whereas an attenuation of these brain responses correlates with successful therapeutic intervention.

title: Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on brain activation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific phobia']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['WG', 'waiting-list control group']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['therapy-group', 'TG']

answer: @entity6542 :: (MESH:C562465,Disease) :: ['specific phobia']


abstract: The @entity24386 in the cat demonstrates a reflex contraction to @entity694 . This study investigates the pathway mediating this reflex in the intact bowel using an in vivo model. The @entity24386 ( @entity24386 ) and distal ileal intraluminal pressures were recorded in fasted @entity4486 -anesthetized @entity468 . @entity694 caused a slight, but significant, ileal inhibition with a maximum decrease from resting ileal pressure by 2.6 +/- 0.76 mmHg (P less than 0.005) to 3 ml distension. A volume-dependent contraction at the @entity24386 was seen with a maximal contraction of 16.8 +/- 2.2 mmHg (P less than 0.005) with 4 ml distension. The reflex @entity24386 contraction was inhibited by @entity1022 and @entity5521 but not by bilateral cervical vagotomy, @entity1510 , @entity3897 , or @entity37538 . The reflex contraction at the @entity24386 was inhibited by substance P tachyphylaxis. Substance P tachyphylaxis did not inhibit @entity24386 contraction to @entity2647 . The substance P antagonist, [DArg1,DTrp7,9,Leu11]substance P failed to antagonize substance P and failed to inhibit the @entity24386 contractile response to @entity694 . Spinal anesthesia inhibited this reflex. We have thus demonstrated that the @entity24386 reflex contraction to @entity694 in the intact bowel is mediated by an extrinsic spinal neural pathway involving both @entity4756 and @entity2661 as neurotransmitters.

title: Ileocecal sphincter contraction to XXXX : a @entity4756 -mediated spinal reflex.

entities_list: @entity37538 :: ('MESH:C017774', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethaphan camsylate']

entities_list: @entity24386 :: ('MESH:D044504', 'Disease') :: ['ileocecal sphincter', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic balloon distension', 'Colonic balloon distension', 'colonic distension']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic distension']


abstract: After cellular injury many endogenous toxins are released from injured cells and result in secondary injury. To elucidate mechanisms of such injury many of these toxins have been studied individually. However, the data obtained is only useful for reference and does not accurately represent the multifactorial situation under pathophysiological conditions. Primary astrocytic cultures were treated individually and simultaneously with two well-studied toxins, @entity2227 ( @entity367 ) and @entity1426 (AA). Both are simultaneously released from neural cells during injury. Measurements of cellular protein content, intracellular water space, @entity880 dehydrogenase release, and @entity1234 formation indicated that @entity367 and AA act through different mechanisms. @entity367 +AA applied together had a synergistic effect on the levels of @entity522 gene expression, and @entity588 and Hsp70 protein. Atomic force microscopy observed that @entity367 caused cell membrane roughness and nuclear swelling, while AA induced pores in the cell membrane and nuclear shrinkage. @entity367 +AA accelerated nuclear shrinkage and resulted in more serious cell damage. This study not only distinguishes the different responses of astrocytes to @entity367 and AA, but also provides a new view into the synergistic effect of these biochemicals; highlighting the need to be cautious in applying single factor experimental data to interpret complex physiological and pathological conditions in animals. Two or more factors may act not only on different targets but also on the same target synergistically.

title: Responses of astrocyte to simultaneous XXXX and @entity1426 treatment.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: 1. The health of Aboriginal @entity1 in the Northern Territory of Australia is among the worst in the world, with mortality rates increased in every 'disease-specific' category and averaging overall approximately five-fold those of non-Aboriginal Australians. Health services, which in most regions are rudimentary, fragmented and under-resourced, have been slow to recognize and meet this challenge. However, the cost implications of an epidemic of @entity177 have stimulated concern that broader mortality statistics could not. 2. In one high-risk Aboriginal community, we found that @entity8 can be detected and its course chartered by a simple and reliable screening test. @entity8 arises out of a broad menu of risk factors that reflect poverty, disadvantage and accelerated lifestyle changes and its expression is progressively amplified with the simultaneous operation of more than one risk factor. It is intimately related to other 'diseases' through shared risk factors and pathophysiology. We also found that @entity1 with established @entity8 participated enthusiastically in a pharmacological treatment programme, with excellent clinical responses that predict a marked @entity177 and @entity65 and mortality over the intermediate term. 3. It is likely that most other causes of excess mortality in Aboriginal @entity1 are, like @entity8 , multideterminant, with a substantial base of shared risk factors. They are probably equally susceptible to modification. We must move away from 'single-cause' disease models, eliminate counterproductive specialty barriers and rectify the unbalanced focus and resource commitment to hospital-based, high technology treatments of @entity1 with advanced and irreversible disease. We must advocate for coherent, sustained, integrated public health and primary care programmes to improve the whole health profile and for screening and treatment programmes to modify the course of disease in @entity1 already afflicted.

title: The Austin Doyle Lecture, High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia. XXXX as a metaphor: towards a more integrated view of aboriginal health.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'reduction in renal failure']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'Renal disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal disease']


abstract: This randomized prospective study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a single oral dose of OFL compared to a single parenteral dose of CTRX prior to TURP. 191 @entity1 (mean age: 68.7 +/- 6.2 years) with bacterial free urine before surgery were enrolled and received either OFL: 400 mg per os (n = 95) or CTRX: 1 g intrasmuscularly (n = 96) at the pre-anaesthetic medication time (two hours prior TURP). Two urine cultures were obtained: on the day of the @entity1 's discharge and within one month after surgery. Blood cultures were performed in case of temperature > 38 degrees 5C. Treatment failure was defined as @entity793 > 10(5) CFU/ml and/or in case of positive blood culture after surgery. 182 @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy. They were similar with respect to age, prostatic resection, histology, duration of post operative catheterization in the two treatment groups. On discharge from the department, 93.2% of the @entity1 in the OFL group had sterile urines versus 94.6% in the CTRX group. In failure, causative pathogens were in the OFL group: 3 enterococcus, 1 acinetobacter, 1 staphylococcus, 1 citrobacter; in the CTRX group: 1 acinetobacter, 2 citrobacters, 1 enterococcus, 1 streptococcus. No @entity2259 occurred. After one month of follow-up, 171 @entity1 were evaluable (success on discharge from the department): the rates of success were: 93.5% in the OFL group and 90.3% in the CTRX group. Tolerance was good in both groups. These two drugs are as effective and as well tolerated for prevention of post operative UTI in TURP. But @entity800 is cost effective and simplest for use.

title: [Oral XXXX versus intramuscular ceftriaxone in antibiotic prophylaxis in transurethral prostate resection].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['Ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

answer: @entity800 :: (MESH:D015242,Chemical) :: ['ofloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most common @entity5 in the urinary system has been @entity150 and the most predominant histologic subtype has been @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ). There were many molecular risk factors, related with poor prognosis. One of these factors was expression of @entity470 ( @entity470 ). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the @entity470 in @entity1606 of bladder and its relationship with other prognostic factors. @entity1 AND METHODS: This analytic descriptive study has performed with 61 @entity1 with @entity1606 of bladder after radical cystectomy whom have been hospitalized in Labbafinejad hospital in Tehran, Iran between 2007 and 2010. We have used Chi-square and t-test to analyze our data samples. RESULTS: Records of 61 @entity1 have studied. Fifty three of the total samples were positive for @entity470 expression (86.9%). Fifty samples of these fifty-three belonged to @entity1 and three others were @entity1 's samples (P = 0.46). Among the group with @entity470 expression the results were as follows: 25 @entity1 (47.2%) were 60 years old or less and 28 @entity1 (52.8%) were older than 60 (P = 0.023), 16 @entity1 (30.2%) had invasion to lamina properia, and the rest of them had invasion to deeper layers (P = 0.56). For most @entity1 we could not determine the invasion of tumoral cells into the lymph nodes (Nx) (P = 0.067). Thirty four @entity1 (64.2%) had not lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.44) and in forty three of @entity1 (81.1%), perineural invasion have not seen (P = 0.23). Finally, 36 @entity1 (67.9%) were grade 3 (P = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS: In this study we have concluded that most @entity1 had @entity470 positive expression. Also, except for the age, there was not any significant relation between expression of @entity470 and the other prognostic factors such as, gender, invasion of the @entity5 into the layers, involving the lymph nodes, lymphovascular or perineural invasion, and grading.

title: Evaluating the Prevalence of the @entity470 in Transitional Cell XXXX and its Relationship With Other Prognostic Factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of Bladder']


abstract: Between 1982 and 1989, 145 @entity1 underwent operations for persistent or recurrent @entity459 ( @entity2742 ). At re-exploration, 15 @entity1 (10.3%) were found to have locally recurrent @entity3243 (11 @entity1 with @entity652 and 4 with @entity189 ). These 15 @entity1 had 28 previous operations at outside institutions for @entity2742 . @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity2742 secondary to @entity652 had a longer disease-free interval than @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity189 . At the time of evaluation at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for recurrent or persistent @entity2742 , each @entity1 was symptomatic and @entity1 with @entity189 had significantly more symptoms and higher serum levels of @entity460 and @entity461 than @entity1 with @entity652 . Locally recurrent @entity3243 was correctly localized by preoperative testing in 14 of 15 @entity1 . These 15 @entity1 underwent 18 reoperations at NIH for excision of locally recurrent @entity3243 . Following the final reoperation (two @entity1 had more than one procedure), each @entity1 had normal serum levels of @entity460 . In addition each @entity1 remains biochemically cured (based on normal serum @entity460 level), with a median follow-up interval of 21 months. Local recurrence of @entity3243 comprises a small but significant proportion of cases of recurrent or persistent @entity2742 and can be indistinguishable from @entity3243 . Findings suggestive of @entity189 include @entity66 -free interval, higher serum levels of @entity460 and @entity461 , and histologic appearance. Whether the locally recurrent @entity3243 is benign or malignant, aggressive surgery can control serum levels of @entity460 in these @entity1 with acceptable rates of morbidity.

title: Locally recurrent @entity3243 as a cause for recurrent and persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid neoplasm', 'parathyroid tumors', 'parathyroid adenoma', 'parathyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: 1. Intracellular recordings were made from myenteric neurones isolated from the @entity840 small intestine to study actions of @entity6883 ( @entity855 ). @entity855 was applied by superfusion (10 nM-100 microM) or pressure ejection from @entity855 -containing glass pipettes. 2. Myenteric neurones have been classified into two groups: type I/S neurones and type II/AH neurones. @entity855 produced a membrane hyperpolarization in 80% of AH neurones and a membrane depolarization in 90% of S neurones in a dose-dependent manner. @entity859 caused responses similar to those induced by @entity855 in both AH and S neurones, but was less effective than @entity855 . 3. The @entity855 -induced hyperpolarization was associated with a fall in input resistance, but the @entity855 -induced depolarization was accompanied by an increase in input resistance. Both responses reversed in polarity near the @entity972 equilibrium potential (-84 to -87 mV) and the reversal potential varied with extracellular @entity972 concentration, as predicted by the Nernst equation. These results indicate that the hyperpolarization is due to an increase, while the depolarization is due to a decrease in @entity972 conductance. 4. Both the hyperpolarization and the depolarization induced by @entity855 persisted in @entity460 -free solution containing 1.2 mM- @entity1760 , but were markedly reduced or abolished in @entity460 -free solutions containing 3.7-10 mM- @entity1760 and by 1 mM- @entity3406 or @entity1953 . Both responses to @entity855 persisted in @entity5128 (1-10 mM) or @entity1022 (1-3 microM)-containing solutions. 5. @entity4807 and @entity5126 (1-100 microM) reversibly depressed both the @entity855 -induced responses. @entity5834 (100 microM), @entity2544 (100 microM) and @entity1922 (1-10 microM) did not significantly affect the @entity855 -induced depolarization but did reversibly depress the @entity855 -induced hyperpolarization. 6. These results suggest that the @entity855 -induced hyperpolarization may be due to activation, and the @entity855 -induced depolarization to inactivation, of a @entity460 -sensitive @entity972 conductance.

title: XXXX modulates membrane @entity972 conductance in @entity840 myenteric neurones.

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity6883 :: (CHEBI:15422,Chemical) :: ['Adenosine 5'-triphosphate']


abstract: It is known that the earlier the graft begins functioning after cadaver kidney transplantation, the better the graft survival rate and function will be. In order to examine the possibility of shortening the period of @entity4295 (AIN), we retrospectively studied the effect of several factors on the duration of @entity86 . The subjects were 27 @entity1 on whom a cadaver kidney transplantation was performed during a 6-year period from July 1, 1986. The mean duration of @entity86 was 14.0 days in 26 out of the 27 @entity1 . The remaining @entity1 showed a primary @entity8 . A significant correlation was observed between the anastomosis time and the duration of @entity86 . No significant correlations were noted between the duration of @entity86 and the age of the donor, renal function during the 24 hours preceding nephrectomy, or cold ischemic time. Moreover, no significant difference was observed in the duration of @entity86 between @entity1 using a roller pump for perfusion and @entity1 who did not. The duration of @entity86 was significantly shorter in @entity1 using UW solution than in @entity1 using @entity7634 -Collins solution. Graft survival rate 6 months and one year after transplantation was 88.9% and 83.3%, respectively in the EC group, and 100% and 100%, respectively, in the UW group. It was concluded from these results that a short anastomosis time is essential in order to shorten the period of ATN after cadaver kidney transplantation, and that UW solution is effective in shortening the duration of @entity86 and improving the graft survival rate thereafter.

title: [Clinical studies of factors influencing XXXX after kidney transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['non-functioning kidney']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemodialysis']

answer: @entity4295 :: (MESH:D007683,Disease) :: ['acute tubular necrosis']


abstract: The nail provides a window of a @entity1 's wellbeing and the "nail (band) sign" provides an opportunity for the clinician to conveniently posit the state of the microcirculation of a @entity1 . Changes noted in the "capillary band" include splinter @entity548 as an acute phenomenon. Changes in @entity2478 " indicate chronicity. " @entity2478 " may permit the differentiation of Alzheimer's from vascular causes of @entity73 . Splinter @entity548 and onycholysis alert clinicians to the presence of periodontal disease, and provide an indication of end organ "risk". " @entity2478 " widening and prominence is seen in chronic smokers. Nail changes not only reflect generalised disease or @entity32 but also localised peripheral conditions that affect the microcirculation. The fourth finger on the left or right hand is usually used, or the middle finger, to measure "band width", but all fingers show the sign which is also present in the toes. Examination of "band width" and "prominence" together with other "nail signs" of wellbeing, such as the presence of the lunule at the base of the nail and smoothness of the convexity of the nail bed at its distal edge beneath the nail permit wellness evaluation and can be incorporated into standard medical practice before blood pressure measurement as a fundamental part of the clinical examination. Further evaluation will establish its importance as the most convenient yet reliable clinical sign of microvascular integrity and together with other nail signs determine its value in assessing wellness, as well as being a pointer to the presence of @entity66 in investigative and epidemiological research and in @entity1 management.

title: " XXXX ", the "nail (band) sign": a clinical marker of microvascular integrity, @entity32 , cognition and age. A personal viewpoint and hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['Capillary band width" and "prominence', 'capillary band "width" and "prominence', 'Capillary band width']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

answer: @entity2478 :: (MESH:D019559,Disease) :: ['Capillary band width']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to determine how effective manipulation and mobilization are in the treatment of @entity1118 . METHODOLOGY: The literature search identified three systematic reviews addressing the effectiveness of manipulation and mobilization for @entity1643 , two systematic reviews addressing @entity4048 , three randomized controlled trials addressing post-traumatic @entity10 and @entity4048 , and one systematic review and one randomized controlled trial addressing upper limb (including shoulder) disorders. RESULTS: Most studies lacked details of the specific interventions, which were often combined with other interventions, and this could have enhanced or masked effectiveness. Subject groups were heterogeneous, and investigators did not indicate effectiveness for subgroups. Systematic reviews of @entity1643 found evidence of effectiveness compared with placebo and with usual care. Evidence from the systematic reviews for @entity4048 and from the systematic review and randomized controlled trial for chronic soft tissue shoulder disorders was contradictory. For post-traumatic @entity10 , the randomized controlled trials reported a time-limited positive benefit or no different effects than comparison treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Manipulation and mobilization are more effective for @entity1643 than placebos or usual care for up to 6 months (level 2). For chronic post-traumatic @entity10 , evidence of effectiveness of manipulation and mobilization is limited (level 3). Manipulation and mobilization may or may not be effective for either @entity4048 or chronic soft tissue shoulder disorders (level 4b).

title: Manipulation and mobilization in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['neck pain', 'chronic neck pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominoplasty is one of the most commonly performed procedures in plastic surgery. The appearance of the scar is a major factor that contributes to the aesthetic outcome of the procedure and depends largely on the technique of wound closure. The new Prineo    wound closure system was introduced to combine the effectiveness of @entity21079 ( @entity21079   ) together with a self-adhering mesh. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 and eight @entity1 aged between 21 and 65 years who were scheduled for abdominoplasty were included in the study. The total operating times after abdominoplasty of the traditional wound closure technique and the Prineo   -type wound closure technique were compared. Furthermore, an analysis comparing the cost of the two methods was performed. Two weeks after surgery the wounds were examined and graded using the Hollander Cosmesis Scale. At the 6- and 12-month follow-ups, the aesthetic outcome of the abdominal scar was evaluated using the Vancouver Scar Scale. Twelve months after surgery, the @entity1 were asked to answer their part of the @entity1 Scar Assessment Scale. RESULTS: The mean total operating time for the new skin closure system was statistically significantly shorter than that of intradermal sutures. The mean price difference per @entity1 was 104.27< @entity7634 > (134.79 ) in favor of Prineo   . The Hollander Cosmesis Scale indicated a significantly more favorable overall result with Prineo    at 2 weeks after surgery. The Vancouver Scar Scale demonstrated a better cosmetic outcome in favor of Prineo    6 and 12 months after surgery. The @entity1 Scar Assessment Scale scores 12 months after surgery indicated that the @entity1 noted significantly less @entity158 , thickness, and irregularity with Prineo   . CONCLUSION: Based on our results, we conclude that Prineo    is a safe and effective substitute for superficial skin closure, with good cosmetic results and no @entity455 . The use of Prineo    decreases operative time and cost and enhances the @entity1 's postoperative comfort. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

title: Use of XXXX together with a self-adhering mesh (Dermabond    Prineo   ) for skin closure following abdominoplasty: an open, prospective, controlled, randomized, clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['increase in wound complications']

entities_list: @entity21079 :: ('MESH:C100832', 'Chemical') :: ['2-octyl cyanoacrylate', 'Dermabond']

answer: @entity21079 :: (MESH:C100832,Chemical) :: ['2-octyl cyanoacrylate']


abstract: @entity8273 ( @entity8273 ) accumulating in the alveolar interstitial tissue of @entity35 injured by a single intratracheal instillation of @entity1732 has been visualized histologically and assayed. @entity8273 was present already by Day 1 after @entity1732 treatment, increased to a maximum value on Days 3 and 7 and then declined. A time-dependent relationship between this early connective tissue response and the invasion of inflammatory cells in the alveolar tissue was apparent. The dominating invading cells by Day 1 were granulocytes showing positive staining for the monoclonal antibody OX-42 reflecting the C3b receptor. The numbers of macrophages expressing class II antigens started to increase on Day 1, reaching a maximum on Days 3-7 and then declined. Macrophages were the dominating OX-42+ cells by Day 7. The appearance of W3/13+ cells ("pan-T-lymphocytes") showed a similar pattern to that for the class II expressing macrophages. The number of cells expressing @entity11264 increased until Day 3 and levelled off on Day 30 whilst the largest number of cells expressing CD8 antigen was seen on Day 30. Few cells expressing B-cell phenotype outside lymph nodules were identified. Alveolar lining epithelial cells, probably epithelial type II cells, expressed class II antigens by Days 3-14. The time-related accumulation of @entity8273 and the appearance of T-cells, macrophages and granulocytes expressing signs of activation suggests that these cells may be involved in the early connective tissue response of the lung injured by @entity1732 .

title: Alveolar accumulation of hyaluronan and alveolar cellular response in XXXX -induced alveolitis.

entities_list: @entity8273 :: ('MESH:C565742', 'Disease') :: ['HA', 'Hyaluronan']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: Tissue resistance increases after agonist challenge. Parenchymal contractile cells may be the responsible element. We investigated the viscoelastic properties of @entity1 parenchymal strips before and after challenge with @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) (10(-)3 M). Thirteen subpleural strips were oscillated in the organ bath, and measurements of resistance (R), elastance (E), and hysteresivity ( @entity2231 ) were obtained. After physiologic measurements, tissues were fixed for morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. We quantitated the volume proportion of alveolar, airway, and blood vessel wall in individual strips. Smooth-muscle-specific actin was identified using a monoclonal antibody and the volume proportion of actin quantitated by point counting. After @entity1617 , there was a significant increase in tension (2.6 +/- 0.6%), R (11.0 +/- 1.8%), E (4.3 +/- 0.7%), and @entity2231 (8.2 +/- 2.4%) (p < 0.002). Four strips contained no identifiable airways, yet in strips with and without airways there was no difference in the magnitude of the mechanical response or in the volume proportion of smooth-muscle-specific actin in the alveolar walls. We conclude that @entity1 lung parenchymal strips respond to @entity1617 challenge with changes in dynamic mechanical behavior. Furthermore, small airways are not required for such a response to occur. This implicates a direct contractile response at the level of the @entity133 .

title: XXXX lung parenchyma responds to contractile stimulation.

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar wall and/or the alveolar duct']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inferences about late risk of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) in live kidney donors have been extrapolated from studies averaging <10 years of follow-up. Since early postdonation @entity454 (<10 years postdonation) and late postdonation @entity454 (10+ years postdonation) may differ by causal mechanism, it is possible that extrapolations are misleading. To better understand postdonation @entity454 , we studied patterns of common etiologies including @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity631 ( @entity631 )(as reported by providers) using donor-registry data linked to @entity454 -registry data. Overall, 125,427 donors were observed for a median of 11.0 years (interquartile range 5.3-15.7; maximum 25). The cumulative incidence of @entity454 increased from 10 events per 10,000 at 10 years postdonation to 85 events per 10,000 at 25 years postdonation (incidence rate ratio [IRR] for late vs. early @entity454 [adjusted for age, race, and sex]: 1.3 1.72.3 [subscripts are 95% confidence intervals]). Early postdonation @entity454 was predominantly reported as @entity631 - @entity454 ; however, late postdonation @entity454 was more frequently reported as @entity454 and @entity454 (IRR 2.3 7.725.2 and 1.4 2.64.6 ). These time-dependent patterns were not seen with @entity631 - @entity454 (IRR 0.4 0.71.2 ). Since @entity454 in live kidney donors has traditionally been reported in studies averaging <10 years of follow-up, our findings suggest caution in extrapolating such results over much longer intervals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Brief Report: Patterns of End Stage Renal Disease Caused by @entity6 , @entity101 , and XXXX in Live Kidney Donors.

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic-ESRD', 'hypertensive-ESRD', 'end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['Glomerulonephritis']


abstract: To test the hypothesis that the rate of change of strain to which a bone is subjected is an important determinant to the subsequent functionally adaptive modeling response, the ulnae of growing male @entity35 were subjected to dynamic axial loading in vivo for a short period each day over 2 weeks. Due to the longitudinal curvature of the ulna, such axial loading leads to both compression and bending. The left ulna in three groups of @entity35 was loaded cyclically between 1 and 20 N in a trapezoidal pattern to produce dynamic, longitudinal compressive strains of -0.004 (-4000 microstrain) at the medial midshaft with one of three strain rates: low (+/-0.018 @entity41286 ); n = 7); moderate (+/-0.030 @entity41286 ); n = 7); and high (+/-0.100 @entity41286 ); n = 8). These strain rates span the range recorded from strain gauges bonded to the bone at this site during a variety of normal activities. At the end of the experiment, the loaded ulnae were slightly, but significantly, shorter than their contralateral controls (2.7% to 5.6% mean change in length; p < 0.0001). This effect was most marked at lower strain rates, associated with an increased load-bearing time. The pattern of adaptive modeling along the bone shaft was similar for all groups, each showing a reduced rate of periosteal expansion proximally, and increased periosteal new bone production distally. This distal increase was achieved through enhanced periosteal bone formation on the lateral (tension) cortex, and arrest of resorption, with conversion to formation on the medial (compression) surface. The modeling response to axial loading therefore involves complex location-dependent increases and decreases in both formation and resorption. The high-strain-rate group demonstrated a 54% greater osteogenic response than the moderate-strain-rate group, which in turn showed a 13% larger response than the low-strain-rate group. Rate of strain change is therefore a major determinant of the adaptive osteogenic/antiresorptive response to mechanical load. Across the physiological range, a high rate of strain change provides a greater osteogenic stimulus than the same peak strain achieved more slowly.

title: Strain rate as a controlling influence on adaptive modeling in response to dynamic loading of the ulna in growing male XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of staple in pericardial devascularization on @entity548 due to portal @entity101 . METHODS: From July, 1997 to July, 2000, 30 portal @entity101 @entity1 were treated by using pericardial devascularization plus partial resection of lower part of the esophagus with staple ( @entity44500 ). The eliminating rate of varicose veins of the lower part of the esophagus and the @entity850 rate of @entity254 were evaluated. The therapeutic effect of pericardial devascularization without lower part esophageal resection in 28 @entity1 with @entity548 due to portal @entity101 was taken as control. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up for 23 months. There was no death due to the operation. All @entity1 in the study group had no upper GI rebleeding during the 23-month follow-up. The rebleeding rate in the control group was 18% (5/28) (P < 0.05 vs. Study group). The varicose veins eliminating rate was 100% in the study group and 53.6% (15/28) in the control group (P < 0.01); the @entity850 rate of @entity254 was 6.7% (2/30) in the study group. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of pericardial devascularization could be improved by the use of staple with shorter operative time.

title: [Staple in pericardial devascularization of XXXX due to portal @entity101 : application and therapeutic effect].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['upper GI bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: Extrapolating from our experience delivering a "boost" field of radiation concurrently with fields treating both gross and subclinical disease at the end of a course of radiation therapy, we developed a regimen to deliver concurrent chemotherapy during the last 2 weeks of a conventionally fractionated course of radiation. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 had stage III or IV biopsy-proven @entity957 originating from a head and neck mucosal site. The regimen was 70 Gy delivered over 7 weeks with concurrent @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity900 given daily with each radiation dose during the last 2 weeks. A phase I study was performed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) before a phase II study was conducted. RESULTS: The MTD was 400 mg/m(2) per day for @entity1487 and 10 mg/m(2) per day for @entity900 . @entity33 persisting more than 6 weeks after therapy was the dose-limiting @entity137 . A total of 60 @entity1 were treated on the two phases of the study. Eighteen @entity1 (35%) treated at the MTD developed prolonged @entity33 . There were two cases of @entity1398 , including one fatality. The actuarial 2-year rates for overall survival, freedom from relapse, and local control were 62%, 59%, and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Preliminary locoregional control rates seem to be higher than those reported for treatment with radiation alone. @entity137 was also greater than that seen with radiation alone, but the regimen was designed to deliver an intense treatment schedule, which could be completed without significant interruptions, and to obtain high control rates above the clavicles. These end points were achieved.

title: Phase I/II trial of radiation with chemotherapy "boost" for advanced XXXX of the head and neck: @entity137 and responses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis', 'Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cupressaceae @entity2023 is a worldwide @entity2023 , but its in vitro diagnosis is notoriously difficult. The Basotest is a newly available in vitro test for the detection of allergen-specific IgE based on the level of cellular activation of basophils by using flow cytometry. OBJECTIVES: The Basotest was compared with the measurement of cypress pollen-specific IgE in highly selected @entity1 . METHODS: We analyzed 34 @entity1 allergic to cypress pollen selected on the basis of a suggestive clinical history and positive skin test and nasal challenge responses to cypress pollen extract. We also analyzed 8 @entity1 with positive skin test responses to cypress pollen extract who did not present symptoms during the pollen season (intermediate group) and 33 control subjects. Sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of the Basotest and serum-specific IgE levels measured by using the CAP System were determined in @entity1 allergic to cypress pollen. @entity112 release was studied in a selected group of @entity1 . RESULTS: The Basotest was more sensitive (91.2%) than the CAP System (76%) for the in vitro diagnosis of cypress @entity2023 . A dose-response curve was observed in basophils obtained from @entity1 allergic to cypress pollen. There were no false-positive results with either test (specificity 100%). The results of the Basotest or those of the CAP System did not correlate with the @entity1 ' in vivo threshold sensitivity assessed by skin tests and nasal challenge. CONCLUSIONS: The Basotest was found to be an effective diagnostic test in @entity1 allergic to cypress pollen.

title: In vitro diagnosis of cypress XXXX by using cytofluorimetric analysis of basophils (Basotest).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pollinosis', 'pollen allergy']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['pollen allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The detection of @entity731 in the aorta by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a marker of @entity731 . @entity5052 is a well-recognized risk factor for @entity65 . However, no data are available concerning the relationship between serum @entity414 (UA) and subclinical thoracic aortic @entity731 . We aimed to investigate the association between thoracic aortic @entity731 and serum UA level. METHODS: We studied 181 @entity1 (mean age 46.3    8 years) who underwent TEE for various indications. Four different grades were determined according to @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of thoracic aorta. UA and other biochemical markers were measured with an automated chemistry analyzer. RESULTS: TEE evaluation characterized thoracic aortic intimal morphology as Grade 1 in 69 @entity1 , Grade 2 in 52 @entity1 , Grade 3 in 31 @entity1 , and Grade 4 in 29 @entity1 . The highest UA level was observed in @entity1 with Grade 4 @entity121 when compared with Grade 1 and 2 @entity121 groups (p<0.001 and p=0.014, respectively). UA levels in @entity1 with Grade 3 and Grade 2 @entity121 were also higher than @entity1 with Grade 1 @entity121 group (p<0.001, for all). In multiple linear regression analysis, @entity121 was independently associated with UA level (b=0.350, p<0.001), age (b=0.219, p=0.001), total @entity165 (b=-0.212, p=0.031), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (b=0.350, p=0.001), and high sensitivity @entity1851 (hsCRP) levels (b=0.148, p=0.014). CONCLUSION: Uric acid and hsCRP levels are independently and positively associated with subclinical @entity731 .

title: Uric acid and high sensitive @entity1851 are associated with subclinical thoracic aortic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'diffuse atherosclerotic disease', 'atherosclerotic lesions', 'thoracic atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: AIMS: Complex fractionated electrograms (CFEs) and high-dominant-frequency (DF) sites theoretically represent abnormal substrates and targets for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation. The relationship between the high-DF sites in the left atrium (LA) and commonly used linear ablation line to the distribution of the CFEs in @entity1 with persistent @entity955 is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study enrolled 62 persistent @entity955 @entity1 who underwent construction of LA CFE and DF maps (>350 points/map). Circumferential @entity358 and linear ablation including that at the septum, roof, mitral-annulus, and ridge of the appendage were performed. Multipolar catheter mapping identified sites with high DFs (>=  8 Hz) in all @entity1 (9.8    4.6/ @entity1 ). In 47 @entity1 in whom @entity955 persisted despite ablation, there was a significant reduction in the continuous CFE (<50 ms) burden after the linear ablation (62 vs.11%; P < 0.0001), with a decrease in both the DF within the coronary sinus (6.9    0.9 vs. 5.9    0.8 Hz; P < 0.0001) and CFE surface area (42.8    18.8 vs. 12.6    10.5 cm(2); P < 0.0001). Comparing the high-DF sites with the ablated lesions, 64% of the high-DF sites (324 of 507) were on or adjacent to the ablation lines. Residual CFEs were observed in the infero-posterior regions in 83% of the @entity1 . Almost half of the high-DF sites away from the linear ablation line were identified in the inferior (34%) and posterior (14%) LA regions. CONCLUSION: Linear ablation resulted in the localization of the continuous CFE regions and reduced the global LA DF in @entity1 with persistent @entity955 . This may be related to the proximity relationship between the linear ablation lines and high-DF sites except for in the infero-posterior regions.

title: Spatial relationship between high-dominant-frequency sites and the linear ablation line in persistent XXXX : its impact on complex fractionated electrograms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein isolation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: @entity573 ( @entity573 ) is an acute febrile systemic @entity1333 and has been reported to be associated with @entity56 . The risk of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) in preschool @entity1 with @entity573 has not been investigated. The study was to determine the longitudinal risk of the development of @entity483 in preschool @entity1 with @entity573 . A nationwide 5-year population-based study was performed using data from the National Health Insurance Database in Taiwan between 1999 and 2003. The risk factors for @entity483 were compared between the 2 study groups during the follow-up period using the Cox proportional hazards model. In addition, plasma @entity225 levels were analyzed in normal subjects and @entity573 @entity1 . Among the 1440 subjects included, 21.6% developed @entity483 during the 5-year follow-up period, of which 30.3% and 18.7% belonged to the study cohort and the comparison group, respectively. @entity1 with @entity573 were 1.25 times more likely to have @entity483 than those in controls (P = 0.04). Levels of @entity225 and IgE were significantly higher in @entity573 @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity573 had a higher risk of developing @entity483 during the 5-year follow-up period than the control group. Increased @entity225 and IgE levels may be key factors contributing to the risk of @entity483 .

title: Increased risk of @entity483 in preschool XXXX with kawasaki disease: a population-based study in taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The present study describes the development of a new @entity205 formulation based on @entity4351 ( @entity4351 ) microspheres (MS) prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Ternary phase diagrams were used to identify the domains where MS were formed. The application of central composite designs established the influence of several technological (stirring speed) and formulation factors (polymer and surfactant amounts, and organic solvent volume) on the size of PCL MS. @entity205 -loaded MS of a size around 2.5 microm were prepared and characterized. The stability of the systems, either alone or loaded with @entity205 , stored at 8 degrees C and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was assessed as well. Freeze-drying was evaluated as an alternative method to achieve long-term stability. The experimental design showed that the stirring speed and the organic phase volume were the only parameters significantly affecting the MS size. Experimental conditions selected to obtain CyA-loaded MS of 2.5 microm resulted in a high entrapment percentage (98.4 +/- 0.66%) with the drug dissolved or molecularly dispersed within the dense polymeric matrix of MS. After 12 months of storage at 8 degrees C and @entity1054 , PCL MS remained physically stable, although the crystallinity of the polymer increased by 35% upon storage at both temperatures. Freeze-drying studies revealed that MS could be successfully lyophilized in the absence of cryoprotectants without significant changes of the drug entrapment; however, the presence of at least 5% cryoprotectant was essential to keep the initial particle size. Therefore, a stable MS-based CyA formulation was easily prepared and characterized. This formulation offer the possibility of CyA administration through different routes.

title: Development of a new @entity205 formulation based on XXXX microspheres.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['polycaprolactone', 'PCL']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'room temperature']

answer: @entity4351 :: (CHEBI:60736,Chemical) :: ['poly(caprolactone)']


abstract: A total of 23 isolates of @entity2069 were characterized by @entity214 -PAGE and immunoblot analysis. One isolate came from the CSF of a Lyme @entity9144 @entity1 in Valais (Switzerland) and 22 were tick isolates (2 from @entity3966 of Shelter Island, USA and 20 from I. ricinus of Valais, Switzerland). Based on the electrophoretic mobility of outer surface proteins (OspA and OspB), four groups of @entity2069 could be defined. Group I isolates possess an OspA of 31 @entity573 and an OspB of 34 @entity573 . The group II isolate showed an OspA of 32 @entity573 and OspB of 35 @entity573 . Group III isolates have a 33 @entity573 OspA and group IV a 33.5 @entity573 OspA. This classification was confirmed by the reactivity of a monoclonal antibody (D6) to a 12 @entity573 antigen that was recognized in group III only. A Lyme patient's serum showed a 2-band pattern (10 and 13 @entity573 ) for group I and a one-band pattern (12 @entity573 ) for the other 3 groups. Therefore OspA, OspB and other proteins of low molecular weight (10, 12, and 13 @entity573 ) seem to be important keys for the classification of @entity2069 isolates. This typing system correlates with genetic analysis.

title: Polymorphism of outer surface proteins of XXXX as a tool for classification.

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['B. burgdorferi', 'Borrelia burgdorferi']

answer: @entity2069 :: (139,Species) :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mild cases of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) generally improve with standard treatment. However, standard treatment fails many @entity1 with recalcitrant @entity272 . Study results in animal models have demonstrated that the administration of tea (ie, green, black, or oolong) has suppressed type I and type @entity56 . OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of oolong tea in the treatment of recalcitrant @entity483 . @entity1 : Although 121 @entity1 with recalcitrant @entity483 were enrolled in the study, 118 @entity1 completed the open study. METHODS: @entity1 were asked to maintain their dermatological treatment. However, they were also instructed to drink oolong tea made from a 10-g teabag placed in 1000 mL of boiling water and steeped for 5 minutes. This amount was then divided into 3 equal servings and 1 serving was drunk daily after 3 regular meals. Photographs of 2 or 3 representative lesion sites were taken at baseline and at 1 and 6 months and the severity of @entity111 was assessed on a 6-point Lickert-like scale ranging from markedly improved (>50% improvement) to worsened. RESULTS: After 1 month of treatment 74 (63%) of the 118 @entity1 showed marked to moderate improvement of their condition. The beneficial effect was first noticed after 1 or 2 weeks of treatment. A good response to treatment was still observed in 64 @entity1 (54%) at 6 months. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic efficacy of oolong tea in recalcitrant @entity483 may well be the result of the antiallergic properties of tea @entity6398 .

title: A trial of oolong tea in the management of recalcitrant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['IV allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['AD skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and perioperational managements of craniophayngiomas located in posterior fossa. METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity976 situated in posterior fossa were included in the study. The clinical manifestations, neuroimage features, operational treatment, and perioperational managments were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS; All @entity5 associated with big or huge volume, arised from sellar/suprasellar region and extended into posterior fossa. @entity5 showed @entity5409 in 2 cases and @entity5409 in 7 cases. @entity10 was the most common symptoms (6/9), followed by @entity129 (3/9). The supra- and infra-tentorial approaches were the optimal approaches for removal these @entity5 (7/9). @entity129 was the most common complication in perioperative period. No perioperational @entity204 occured, most of the @entity1 showed good recovery during the fellow-up period. CONCLUSION: Craniophayngiomas in posterior fossa shows different clinical manifestations, radiological features, surgical complications to the @entity5 in sellar/suprasellar region.

title: [The clinical features and perioperational managements of XXXX in posterior fossa].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['Cranial nerves deficit', 'cranial nerve deficit (4/9) and endocrine dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic-solid lesions', 'cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: We report our initial experience with the modular AneuRx Stent Graft System for the treatment of @entity1028 (AAA) in National Taiwan University Hospital. From July 2002 to October 2003, 5 @entity1 were recruited for stent graft repair. @entity1 were all male, and aged from 62 to 82 years. The stent grafts were deployed via the opened femoral arteries under fluoroscopic guidance. Endograft deployment was successful in all 5 @entity1 . The average procedure time was 139 +/- 23 min, and mean @entity190 was 310 +/- 167 mL. All @entity1 had a smooth postoperative course. @entity1070 was noted in 3 @entity1 initially, which sealed spontaneously in 2 of them. One @entity1 developed graft limb @entity715 1 month after operation, which was treated by femoral-femoral bypass. Treatment was successful in all @entity1 with no mortality during 1-year postoperative follow-up.

title: Initial experience with the AneuRx Stent Graft for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['Type II endoleak']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Six @entity1 who presented with @entity16 were studied. All @entity1 underwent detailed clinical assessment along with electrophysiological tests and relevant laboratory investigations. All @entity1 had acute onset @entity1183 , reaching the peak deficit within 4 weeks. Four of them had associated @entity4808 . An antecedent illness was reported in four; @entity294 in three, and @entity293 in one. The neurological examination disclosed normal muscle strength, symmetric glove and stocking type sensory loss for @entity158 and temperature, normal proprioception, and vibration senses with normal or brisk tendon reflexes. Analysis of CSF demonstrated albuminocytological dissociation in all. Routine motor and sensory nerve conduction studies were normal. Sympathetic skin responses were also normal except for the lower limbs in one @entity1 . Stool cultures for @entity5363 were negative. The outcome was favourable. Burning dysaesthesia disappeared within 4 months. Numbness and objective sensory loss tended to persist longer. The clinical features and normal routine nerve conduction studies, which assess large diameter nerve fibre function, indicate small sensory fibre dysfunction in the group. Their presentation and CSF findings would fit into the diagnosis of @entity5011 . The current study suggests that @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) is another clinical entity which could perhaps be included in the heterogeneous range of @entity5011 .

title: XXXX : another variant of @entity5011 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['acute sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['ASFSN', 'acute small fibre sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['sensory Guillain-Barr   syndrome', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['burning dysaesthesia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Acute small fibre sensory neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We report the rates of optimal abdominopelvic cytoreduction and the sites of recurrence in @entity43 @entity1 , with particular attention to the potential impact of @entity1514 cytoreduction on treatment results in @entity1 with intra- @entity1514 spread. METHODS: A historic cohort study of all @entity43 @entity1 diagnosed between 1994 and 2010 and underwent abdominopelvic cytoreductive surgery. Controls were stage IIIc @entity1 . Statistical analyses included   (2) test, Cox proportional hazards regression models and Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests. RESULTS: Group 1 included 76 stage IV @entity1 , 55% with @entity1514 spread. Group 2 included 142 stage IIIc @entity1 . Age, histology, primary peritoneal @entity5 and @entity843 rates were similar for the two groups. Respective rates of optimal abdominopelvic cytoreduction were 68% vs. 83.5% (p<0.05), median time to progression 5.3 vs. 12.3 months (p<0.01) and overall survival 27.2 vs. 46.1 months (p<0.01). Optimal cytoreduction and survival rates were similar for all group 1 @entity1 regardless of spread location. Sites of recurrence in stage IV were abdomen (59.3%), thorax (6.8%), both (28.8%) or other (5.1%). The four @entity1 with @entity1514 recurrence alone were all initially diagnosed with @entity3483 . Three of them developed abdominal recurrence within 15   6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal abdominopelvic cytoreduction was achievable in stage IV @entity1 , although in significantly fewer @entity1 than in stage IIIc. Sites of recurrence were rarely thorax alone, implying that @entity1514 debulking is likely to change the course of disease in only few @entity1 and thus should be carefully individualized.

title: Abdominopelvic cytoreduction rates and recurrence sites in XXXX : is there a case for @entity1514 cytoreduction?

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['stage IV ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity21563 was evaluated as a therapy for @entity1729 in @entity1641 . This @entity5898 antimicrobial was administered intramuscularly every 24 h and at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg (1.0 mg/lb) of body weight. The efficacy of ceftiofur @entity1372 was compared with that of a positive control drug, @entity869 (recommended dose of 6.6 mg/kg [3 mg/lb], given every 12 h). Both treatments were continued for 48 h after clinical symptoms were no longer evident (maximum of 10 days). Fifty-five (55) @entity1641 with naturally acquired @entity1729 were included in the study; 28 were treated with ceftiofur and 27 with @entity869 . Clinical improvement was recorded for 92.9% of the @entity1 treated with ceftiofur and 92.6% of the animals receiving @entity869 . Both therapies reduced body temperatures to an afebrile level after 2 days of treatment. Complete recovery/cure was noted for 78.6% of the ceftiofur @entity1 and 59.3% of the @entity1641 treated with @entity869 . Supporting variables ( @entity308 /malaise, respiration/dyspnoea, nasal discharge) were assessed and these also substantiated the effectiveness of the treatments. Both antibiotics were well tolerated. Neither @entity158 nor swelling were noted at the ceftiofur injection site(s). None of the animals developed @entity294 . Data from this study indicated that ceftiofur @entity1372 is an effective and safe treatment for @entity1729 in @entity1641 .

title: Treatment of @entity1729 in XXXX with ceftiofur @entity1372 .

entities_list: @entity21563 :: ('MESH:C053503', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftiofur sodium']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin', 'ampicillin sodium']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: The @entity1 hippocampus, together with subcortical and cortical areas, is responsible for some forms of learning and memory. Proper hippocampal function depends on the highly dynamic nature of its circuitry, including the ability of synapses to change their strength for brief to long periods of time. In this study, we focused on a transient @entity308 of glutamatergic synaptic transmission at Schaffer collateral synapses in acute hippocampal slices. The @entity308 of evoked excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) amplitudes, herein called transient @entity308 , follows brief trains of synaptic stimulation in stratum radiatum of @entity1249 and lasts for 2-3 min. @entity308 results from a decrease in presynaptic @entity2227 release, as @entity143 -receptor-mediated EPSCs and composite EPSCs are depressed similarly and @entity308 is accompanied by an increase in the paired-pulse ratio. Transient @entity308 is prevented by blockade of metabotropic @entity2227 and @entity934 receptors, presumably located presynaptically. These two receptor types--acting together--cause @entity308 . Blockade of a single receptor type necessitates significantly stronger conditioning trains for triggering @entity308 . Addition of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor enables @entity308 from previously insufficient conditioning trains. Furthermore, a strong coincident, but not causal, relationship existed between presynaptic @entity308 and postsynaptic internal @entity141 release, emphasizing the potential importance of functional interactions between presynaptic and postsynaptic effects of convergent cholinergic and glutamatergic inputs to @entity1249 . These convergent afferents, one intrinsic to the hippocampus and the other likely originating in the medial septum, may regulate @entity1249 network activity, the induction of long-term synaptic plasticity, and ultimately hippocampal function.

title: Coincident glutamatergic and cholinergic inputs transiently depress XXXX release at rat schaffer collateral synapses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Conventional identification (CI) of @entity375 is based on morphological, biochemical and/or immunological methods. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - time of flight (MALDI- @entity215 or @entity15 ) mass spectrometry has been proposed as a new method for the identification of microorganisms. This prospective study compared the performance of @entity15 and CI for the identification of @entity375 isolated from clinical samples. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA was used as the reference method in the analysis of a total of 1207 @entity375 isolates. Concordance between @entity15 and CI was observed for 1105 isolates (91.5%), while 74 isolates (6.1%) were misidentified. Molecular identification revealed that 73 of these 74 isolates were identified correctly by @entity15 and CI correctly identified the last one. Concordance between the two techniques was excellent for the medically-important species (98-100%), including the identification of closely-related species ( @entity5132 / @entity18873 ; C. inconspicua/C. norvegensis; @entity7409 / @entity41558 / @entity29486 ). Only 2.3% of isolates belonging to C. famata, C. lambica and C. magnoliae or to Geotrichum spp. and Trichosporon spp. were not identified by @entity15 . This investigation highlights the potential of @entity15 -based @entity375 identification as a reliable, time and cost-efficient alternative to CI.

title: Evaluation of MALDI- XXXX mass spectrometry for the identification of medically-important @entity375 in the clinical laboratories of Dijon and Lille hospitals.

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['TOF']


abstract: This dose-finding study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), efficacy and @entity137 of combined @entity1311 and @entity3003 in 35 previously untreated @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1311 was given as a 3-h infusion at escalating dose levels (100-250 mg/m2) immediately followed by @entity3003 as a 30-min infusion (325 or 350 mg/m2) every 3 weeks. The dose-limiting @entity137 , @entity809 , occurred at the highest dose level, therefore the recommended dose was established one level below ( @entity1311 225 mg/m2 with @entity3003 325 mg/m2). @entity1398 was the most common hematotoxicity; dose dependency was not apparent. Two @entity1 , at different dose levels, had @entity1398 . @entity882 was rare. Non-hematological @entity137 grade 3 or higher included @entity281 , @entity448 , @entity1665 and @entity809 . One @entity1 had a @entity56 (transient @entity551 ). The overall response rate was 23% and median survival time was 7.5 months. Promising activity and acceptable @entity137 supports the development of this combination as a useful chemotherapeutic option in advanced @entity1149 .

title: Dose-finding study of @entity1311 and XXXX in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reaction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: 1062 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity101 were enrolled in an open-label multicenter trial investigating the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of the preconstituted formulation @entity4688 (20 mg) and @entity918 (12.5 mg) over a treatment period of 12 weeks. According to the inclusion criteria of the study protocol 489 @entity1 had to be excluded from statistical evaluation of efficacy. Results were calculated from 573 @entity1 (339 females, 234 males, mean age 59.1 +/- 12.3 years) of whom 89% (n = 510) received the standard dosage of 1 tablet daily. They revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of both @entity551 (BP) from a mean of 108.2 +/- 7.8 mm Hg (182.2 +/- 17.6 mm Hg) before treatment to a mean of 88.4 +/- 6.7 mm Hg (152.6 +/- 10.8 respectively) after 12 weeks of treatment. 81% responded to therapy defined as a lowering of diastolic BP < 90 mm Hg. Heart frequency dropped significantly (from a mean of 77.8 +/- 10.6 to a mean of 71.7 +/- 8.0, p < 0.01), too. Adverse effects leading to discontinuation were seen in 2.8% (n = 30) of all participating @entity1 . Cough and gastrointestinal discomfort were the most frequent side effects. None of the safety parameters i.e. serum @entity972 and @entity1011 changed during the period of investigation. In conclusion, the preconstituted formulation @entity4688 (20 mg) and @entity918 (12.5 mg) was shown to be an effective and well tolerated treatment not only for @entity1 with newly diagnosed moderate to severe @entity101 , but also for nonresponders to previous antihypertensive therapy.

title: [Antihypertensive effectiveness of XXXX and @entity918 as a combination drug].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic and systolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity4688 :: (MESH:D004656,Chemical) :: ['enalapril']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of an endoscopic antireflux procedure in @entity1 with recurrent acute @entity2885 and no evidence of @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ) on voiding cystograms. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1989 to 1999, 603 female @entity1 were hospitalized for acute @entity2885 with @entity158 , chills, fever, and a positive urine culture. Of these @entity1 , 48 (8%) had recurrent episodes of acute @entity2885 and underwent a thorough diagnostic work-up including intravenous urography or renal CT scan, cystoscopy, and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). @entity3025 was demonstrated in 21 @entity1 , who were then offered an antireflux procedure, either surgical or endoscopic. Another 27 @entity1 had no reflux on VCUG; in 15 cases, the upper urinary tract was normal, and the ureteral orifices did not show any abnormality on cystoscopy. The other 12 @entity1 in this group with a normal VCUG had one or more abnormal findings normally associated with @entity3025 : @entity8 in five and ureteral duplication in two. Golf-hole ureteral orifices were noted in two @entity1 . The intravesical ureter was short (< 5 mm) in five @entity1 . In spite of the normal VCU, we offered these @entity1 endoscopic treatment of @entity3025 by submeatal injection of Teflon or microparticulate @entity1346 (Macroplastic). The median follow-up before treatment was 4 years (range 1-15.3 years); 0.3 episodes of acute @entity2885 per @entity1 -month of follow-up were noted. The frequence of preoperative and postoperative episodes of acute @entity2885 was compared with Wilcoxon's paired analysis. The median postoperative follow-up was 3.9 years (range 1.1 months-10.2 years). RESULTS: There were no significant @entity260 . One @entity1 had two episodes of acute @entity2885 during pregnancy. On the whole, 11 @entity1 (91%) were free of recurrent @entity2885 after treatment. Overall, 0.003 episodes of acute @entity2885 per @entity1 -month of postoperative follow-up were observed. The result was statistically significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Recurrent acute @entity2885 is frequently related to @entity3025 . Intermittent reflux can be difficult to demonstrate on voiding conventional or nuclear cystograms but can be suspected in the presence of ureteral duplication, @entity8 , or abnormal ureteral orifices. Adult @entity1 with recurrent episodes of @entity293 and normal cystograms should be considered for an endoscopic antireflux procedure in the presence of anatomic abnormalities commonly associated with reflux.

title: Recurrent XXXX without @entity3025 : is there a role for an antireflux procedure?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal scarring']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['VUR', 'vesicoureteral reflux', 'Vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral loin pain']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['upper urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity2885 :: (MESH:D011704,Disease) :: ['pyelonephritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Accessibility and availability of mental health care services are necessary but not sufficient for @entity1 to seek help for @entity458 . Attitudes and stigma related to help seeking also determine help seeking intentions. The aim of this study is to investigate how cross-national differences in attitudes and stigma within the general population are related to professional and informal help seeking intentions in low and high suicide rate regions. METHODS: By means of a postal structured questionnaire, data of 2999 Dutch and Flemish respondents between 18 and 65 years were gathered. Attitudes toward help seeking, perceived stigma, self-stigma, shame and intention to seek help were assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 in the Netherlands, where suicide rates are low, have more positive attitudes toward help seeking and experience less self stigma and shame compared to the @entity1 in Flanders, where suicide rates are relatively high. These attitudinal factors predicted professional as well as informal help seeking intentions. Perceived stigma was negatively associated with informal help seeking. Shame was positively associated with higher intention to use psychotropic drugs and perceived stigma was negatively associated with the intention to seek help from a psychotherapist in Flanders but not in the Netherlands. CONCLUSION: Help seeking for @entity458 prevent these problems to aggravate and it is assumed to be a protective factor for suicide. Our results stress the importance of the promotion of positive attitudes and the reduction of stigma within the general population to facilitate help seeking from professional providers and informal networks. Focusing on these attitudinal factors is believed to be a key aspect of universal mental health and suicide prevention policies.

title: Attitudes and stigma in relation to help-seeking intentions for XXXX in low and high suicide rate regions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological problems']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological problems']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acquired factor V inhibitor is rare and clinical symptoms are quite variable. Bleeding is the leading symptom but some @entity1 are asymptomatic. Several @entity74 are associated with factor V inhibitors. Various treatments have been attempted but randomized or prospective trials are not available. EXEGESIS: Here we report three cases of acquired factor V inhibitor. These reports highlight the clinical variability of this disorder. Pathogenesis and therapy with reference to the literature are discussed. CONCLUSION: Factor V inhibitors are rare and associated to several @entity74 . Pathogenesis is still unclear except in @entity1 exposed to @entity291 @entity9900 . The majority of the cases developed after surgery. In a few cases there is an association to a malignant or @entity792 . Plasmapheresis and platelet transfusions might be the best treatment in case of severe @entity548 . High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin infusions have been used successfully in some cases and we report here their efficacy in two cases.

title: [Acquired factor V inhibitor: etiology, XXXX risk and therapeutic management with regard to three cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['diseases or conditions']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) have been clearly proven to be effective in blood pressure control and haemodynamic control in @entity712 @entity1 . Moreover, there is evidence that ACEIs, both in animal models and in @entity1 , also possess the ability to reduce remodeling in @entity65 . Therefore, the reduction of the occurrence of arterial stiffness, leading to an increase in distensibility, is also anticipated. METHOD: Other than physically measuring arterial wall, the assessment of Pulse Wave Velocity ( @entity122 ) is also a widely used index of arterial distensibility, which deteriorates through the course of remodeling. To determine the efficacy of a particular ACEI, @entity4687 , in increasing arterial distensibility, thus reducing @entity122 , a 6-month multi-center study was conducted in 146 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity101 . The study population consisted of 70 @entity1 and 76 @entity1 , aged 56.36 (SD 9.4, range 28-73) years. 73 @entity1 were newly diagnosed, 65 were treated @entity1 but the blood pressure was not controlled, and 8 were treated @entity1 with their blood pressure controlled but with adverse effects in need of switching treatment regimens. RESULTS: Mean blood pressure at the beginning of the study was 164.25/97.49 mmHg and 11.71 m/s (SD 2.29 range 7.35-20.12 m/s) in mean @entity122 . @entity4687 was prescribed tritrating from 4 mg/day to 8 mg/day and adding a diuretic. 106 @entity1 completed the study with 76.4 per cent of @entity1 having their blood pressure controlled (Mean Blood pressure 138.6/85.18 mmHg, SD 11.34 and 7.10 Range 110-170/70-110 mmHg) (p<0.05). Mean @entity122 reduced to 10.56 m/s (-9.89%) (SD 1.84 range 7.27-15.96 m/s) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Anti- @entity101 treatment with @entity4687 for 6 months was effective in controlling blood pressure and reducing Pulse Wave Velocity reflecting the increase of arterial distensibility.

title: Assessment of XXXX 's efficacy on arterial distensibility in mild to moderate @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular structures']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril', 'Perindopril']

answer: @entity4687 :: (MESH:D020913,Chemical) :: ['perindopril']


abstract: Maturation of the brain adenylyl cyclase (AC) signalling system was investigated in the developing @entity35 cortex, thalamus and hippocampus. Expression of AC type II, IV and VI measured by Western blot dramatically increased in all tested brain regions during the first 3 weeks after birth and these levels were maintained in adulthood. AC type I did not change during ontogenesis. In parallel, AC enzyme activities were determined in order to obtain the functional correlates to the preceding structural (immunoblot) analyses of trimeric G proteins [Ihnatovych et al., Dev. Brain Res. (2002) in press]. Surprisingly, basal, @entity921 -, @entity1388 -, @entity1928 - and @entity3007 -stimulated adenylyl cyclase developed similarly. The relatively low enzyme activities, which were determined at birth, progressively increased (about four times) to a clear maximum around postnatal day PD 12. This was followed by a progressive regression to adulthood so that activity of AC at PD 90 was comparable with the low neonatal level. The peak of AC activities at PD 12 was detected in all tested brain regions. Stimulatory ( @entity3044 ) effect on basal AC activity as well as inhibitory ( @entity1772 ) effect on @entity1928 -stimulated AC activity were unchanged between PD 12 and PD 90. Thus, comparison of results of the structural and functional analyses of adenylyl cyclase signalling system revealed a clear dissociation between the increase in the amount protein of various AC isoforms and the decrease of total G-protein mediated enzyme activities between PD 12 and adulthood. As none of the complex changes in trimeric G protein levels can explain this difference, the future research has to be oriented to identification of potential negative regulators of AC in the course of brain development. Among these, the newly discovered group of GTPase activating proteins, @entity46337 , appears to be of primary importance because these proteins represent potent negative regulators of any G protein-mediated signalling in brain.

title: Ontogenetic development of the G protein-mediated adenylyl cyclase signalling in XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) on contractile force and increases in free intracellular @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) in @entity1 myometrial strips from pregnant @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Simultaneous measurements of isometric tension and [ @entity141 ]i were measured in myometrial strips obtained at the time of cesarean delivery from pregnant nonlaboring @entity1 at term with the use of a fluorescence spectrometer equipped with a displacement force transducer. Changes in [ @entity141 ]i were measured with @entity593 , a @entity141 -sensitive fluorescent probe. Myometrial strips were exposed to @entity2400 (5 or 10 mmol/L) for 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes and observed for spontaneous contractions or stimulated with either @entity398 (OT; 0.1 micromol/L) or @entity4337 ( @entity4338 ; 90 mmol/L). RESULTS: @entity2400 reduced spontaneous, OT, and @entity4338 -evoked contractions and increases in [ @entity141 ]i in a time and concentration-dependent manner. After 20 minutes exposure to 5 mmol/L @entity2400 , the OT-elicited changes in contractile response and [ @entity141 ]i were significantly decreased. @entity2400 did not change [ @entity141 ]i/force relationship of the responses to OT or @entity4338 , or during spontaneous activity. CONCLUSION: At a pharmacologic concentration (5 mmol/L), @entity2400 inhibits contractile response and [ @entity141 ]i in pregnant @entity1 myometrial strips by a pattern that is consistent with both extra- and intracellular mechanisms. At a suprapharmacologic concentration (10 mmol/L), the more immediate effect of @entity2400 is consistent with an extracellular mechanism. @entity2400 does not appear to interfere at the level of the @entity460 -calmodulin interface, since the [ @entity141 ]i/force relationship was not changed.

title: Effect of @entity2399 on contractile force and intracellular XXXX concentration in pregnant @entity1 myometrium.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity299 is a term used repeatedly in the literature during the past few decades, but little attention has been given to studying the variables contributing to this phenomenon. Data were collected from 111 @entity1 with first @entity583 . @entity1 were visited at home 1 month and 4 months after hospital discharge. Social support, self-esteem, health perceptions, @entity147 , interpersonal dependency, and @entity663 were measured using standardized instruments. Illness severity was determined using the Coronary Prognostic Index, the Specific Activity Survey, and treadmill testing results. @entity663 and social support were significant predictors of @entity299 4 months after @entity583 . Illness severity was not a significant predictor of @entity299 or return to work. The only significant predictor of return to work was health perception. @entity1 receiving more support than desired experienced less @entity299 after @entity583 . Physicians are encouraged not to assume that @entity1 with large @entity1188 will become cardiac invalids. Psychologic recovery may require more than 4 months for many @entity1 , but positive messages regarding @entity1 health can influence such outcomes. Families and friends should be taught to provide appropriate types and amounts of support. The amount of support typically thought to be adequate may not be sufficient. @entity1 who initially receive more support than desired experience the best psychologic outcomes. High levels of support need not continue indefinitely.

title: Contributors to @entity299 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism', 'Neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac invalidism', 'cardiac invalidism']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Liver transplantation is a treatment for @entity157 in @entity82 which is both recognized, because potentially radical, and controversial because associated with a high risk of recurrence. This study reports the results of a consecutive series of 125 @entity1 transplanted for @entity157 in @entity82 over an 11-year period. Liver transplantation was indicated because of the @entity5 in 92 cases (74%) and the @entity5 was an incidental finding in 13 cases (10%) or was discovered on histological examination of the hepatectomy specimen in 20 cases (16%). The operative mortality at two months was 4% with a 20% morbidity, due to vascular (6%) or biliary (14%) complications. @entity5 recurrence was observed in 26 @entity1 (21%) Recurrence was exceptional in the incidental or histological forms of @entity157 (5%) and more frequent when the @entity5 constituted the indication for transplantation (27%). The risk of recurrence and the survival were significantly influenced by the maximal @entity5 diameter (greater than 30 mm), the number of @entity5 nodules (greater than 3) and the presence of portal invasion. Inclusion of these factors in @entity1 selection during the second phase of the study allowed a reduction of the risk of recurrence from 33 to 11% and improvement of the 3-year post-transplantation survival from 53 to 76%. @entity5 less than or equal to 30 mm in diameter, with no more than 3 nodules, and without portal invasion are ideal indications for transplantation. @entity5 with more than 3 nodules and larger than 30 mm appear to constitute a contraindication to transplantation, unless @entity5 reduction can be achieved by chemoembolization. Intermediate forms of @entity157 between these two extreme forms are possible indications for transplantation, depending on the availability of liver transplants.

title: [Indications and results of liver transplantation in the treatment of @entity157 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'Tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to discover whether ultrasonography can be used in diagnosing ureteral complications during surgery. METHODS: The study consisted of an animal experiment with five @entity1707 , that underwent laparotomy. The right ureter was electrocauterized and transsected, and the left ureter was ligated. The type and frequency of peristaltic waves and the diameter of the ureter were recorded by perioperative ultrasonography. Four @entity1 with ureteral @entity130 during gynecologic surgery were also examined. RESULTS: In the animal study six out of nine ureters dilated after the procedure. In seven ureters the contraction segment became smaller, and the lumen did not close properly during the peristaltic wave. The frequency of peristalsis diminished in all cases after ligation. @entity1 ureters showed similar changes when examined 1.5-48 h after surgical @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative ultrasonography has great diagnostic potential as a method for noninvasive evaluation of ureteral conditions during both laparoscopy and laparotomy.

title: Ultrasonography of the ureter after surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The effects of @entity3371 on myocardial segment function in different degrees of transient @entity1563 were studied using ultrasonic dimension gauges in 15 open-chest @entity235 . The occlusion procedures (OP) were performed on the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in eight @entity235 and on the left circumflex coronary artery (Cx) in seven @entity235 . To measure the changes in segment shortening in the subendocardium we used eight @entity235 ( @entity63 and control zones: four @entity235 LAD and four @entity235 Cx). To measure the changes in wall thickening we used seven @entity235 ( @entity63 and control zones: three @entity235 LAD and four @entity235 Cx). Total coronary OP lasting 1 min and partial OP (70-80%) lasting 1 min and 2 min 30 s, before and after @entity3371 (0.25 mg/kg i.v.) were performed. Left ventricular pressure, dP/dt, coronary flow, and ECG were monitored. Total coronary OP (1 min) changed segment shortening (18% LAD; 14% Cx) and wall thickening (19% LAD; 18% Cx) to values of dyskinesis (-3% and -4% for shortening; -6% and -5% for thickening). @entity3371 improved regional function maintaining positive values for shortening (4% LAD; 3% Cx) and thickening (0.3% LAD; 4% Cx). Similar responses were obtained during partial OP and @entity3371 . Results suggest that @entity3371 produced a significant improvement in the regional function parameters affected by @entity63 both in total and partial obstructions.

title: Effects of XXXX on regional segment motion during acute @entity1563 .

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']