abstract: Second-line chemotherapy with the newer active anticancer drugs like @entity1205 may confer some benefit in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) who failed front-line treatment with @entity900 -contain-ing chemotherapy regimens. However, young @entity1 with good performance status need further efforts for palliation and, probably, survival prolongation. Phase II trials have shown that @entity136 , a new @entity2353 analogue, is effective as second-line treatment with a 7%-25% objective response and a 22- to 33-week median survival in @entity1 with @entity1149 . @entity1311 also seems to be active as second-line treatment with a 3%-38% objective response and 17- to 40-week median survival. The antitumor activity of second-line @entity1311 seems to be dose related. The combination of @entity136 (900 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8) and @entity1311 (175 mg/m2 on day 8) every 3 weeks was administered in 49 @entity1 pretreated with @entity900 - and/or @entity1205 -based chemotherapy. Objective responses were observed in 18% (95% confidence interval: 4%-24%) of the @entity1 (one complete response and eight partial responses); three of the responses were observed in @entity1 who failed to respond to front-line chemotherapy. The median survival was 44 weeks. The @entity137 profile of the regimen was mild with grade 3/4 @entity1398 and @entity882 occurring in 12% and 2% of the @entity1 , respectively. There was only one episode of @entity221 . Grade 2 and 3 @entity2359 occurred in 24% and 8% of the @entity1 , respectively, and 51% of the @entity1 reported grade 2 and 3 @entity1395 . In conclusion, the combination of @entity136 / @entity1311 is an effective and well-tolerated second-line chemotherapy regimen which can be given on an outpatient basis.

title: The role of @entity136 and XXXX as second-line chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sex @entity134 levels are related to metabolic outcomes that could convey higher risk of @entity204 . METHODS: We examined whether total or free @entity251 , @entity586 , and @entity443 levels are related to all-cause or cause-specific mortality in @entity1 . Data were obtained from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, a population-based cohort study of 1709 @entity1 aged 40 to 70 years. @entity1 were followed up for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 1686 @entity1 , with 395 deaths occurring during 15.3 years of follow-up. With age adjustment, @entity586 and @entity443 levels were associated with @entity741 mortality, and free @entity251 level was associated with respiratory mortality. In multivariate-adjusted models, higher free @entity251 (P=.02) and lower @entity586 (P=.04) levels were significantly associated with @entity741 mortality, although the latter association was not robust to differences in model selection. The relative risk of @entity204 from @entity741 per 1-SD lower free @entity251 level was 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.99). Free @entity251 level was significantly associated with respiratory mortality (P=.002), with a multivariate-adjusted relative risk per 1-SD lower free @entity251 level of 1.90 (95% confidence interval, 1.24-2.92). Total @entity251 level was unrelated to mortality, and @entity443 was not significantly associated with mortality after multivariate adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 , endogenous sex @entity134 levels seem to have relatively weak associations with mortality. These data provide little support for the hypothesis that endogenous sex @entity134 levels are associated with risk of @entity204 but suggest that further investigation of the relationship between sex @entity230 and mortality from @entity741 and @entity1576 may be warranted.

title: Sex XXXX and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'premature death']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the role of Kupffer cells (KCs) in acute @entity548 necrotizing @entity651 (AHNP-LI). METHODS: Forty-two @entity35 were allocated to four groups [sham operation, AHNP model, @entity2545 ( @entity21953 ) pretreatment, @entity21953 control]. In @entity21953 pretreatment group, @entity21953 was administered by caudal vein injection 24 h before the AHNP model induction. Blood from the iliac artery, alveolar macrophages and tissues from the pancreas and lung, were collected in six animals per group 3 and 6 h after acute @entity788 induction. @entity1505 , IL-1 of serum, @entity1589 (MPO) of lung tissue, NF-kappaB activation of alveolar macrophages were detected. Serum AST and ALT in sham operation group and @entity21953 control group were tested. In addition, histopathological changes of the pancreas and lung were observed under light microscope. RESULTS: MPO of lung tissue and @entity1505 , IL-1 levels of serum were all reduced significantly in @entity21953 pretreatment group compared to those in AHNP group (P<0.01). NF-kappaB activation of alveolar macrophages was also attenuated significantly in @entity21953 pretreatment group compared to that in AHNP group (P<0.01). The pathological injury of the lung was ameliorated obviously in @entity21953 pretreatment group compared to that in AHNP group. Nevertheless, the serum amylase level did not reduce and @entity130 was not prevented in @entity21953 pretreatment group. CONCLUSION: @entity651 induced by AHNP is mediated by KC activation and AHNP-LI can be significantly ameliorated by pretreatment with @entity21953 and KCs play a vital role in AHNP-LI.

title: Role of Kupffer cells in acute @entity548 necrotizing @entity651 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary injury', 'pancreatitis-associated lung injury']

entities_list: @entity2545 :: ('MESH:C038958', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the pancreas']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Ototoxic diuretics, @entity7734 (50 mg/kg) and @entity1483 (80 mg/kg) were injected intravenously in @entity840 . Cochlear microphonics (CM), summating potentials (SPs) and endocochlear potential (EP) were recorded with a microelectrode in scala media of the second turn. CM changes after the injection were comparable with changes in the EP: an initial decrease was followed by an increase which was significantly slower in the case of the @entity7734 . SP changes following either diuretic were different from the CM and EP changes. In the first phase, roughly corresponding with the EP decrease to negative values, all SPs irrespective of the original polarity, attained high positive values. The high positive SPs then decreased and 12-18 min after injection reversed polarity. In the late phase all sounds evoked high negative SPs. Approximately 90 min after injection of @entity1483 normal SPs were again recorded. The return of SPs to control values was very slow after @entity7734 ; even 140 min after injection the SPs were abnormal. The observed changes in the SPs were compared with those found during @entity1763 and @entity519 and are considered to result from diuretic effects on the inner and outer hair cells.

title: The effect of loop diuretics upon summating potentials in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity7734 :: ('MESH:D004976', 'Chemical') :: ['ethacrynic acid']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism may contribute to vascular remodeling during atherogenesis. The ability of vascular cells to synthesize the components of ECM is well characterized, but less is known about their capacity to degrade ECM and the factors that may regulate this process. We therefore studied the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that degrade various components of ECM, and of tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) by untreated or cytokine-stimulated @entity1 smooth muscle cells (SMC). Messenger RNA was studied by Northern blotting, and proteins secreted in culture by SMC were identified by immunoprecipitation. Gelatinolytic and caseinolytic activity of MMPs was detected zymographically. SMC constitutively produced a 72 kDa type IV gelatinase (GL), @entity2843 , and @entity1552 . Upon stimulation with @entity1192 or @entity310 , SMC synthesized in addition 92 kDa GL, stromelysin, and interstitial collagenase, MMPs that together can degrade all of the ECM components. @entity1192 or @entity310 did not alter the level of @entity2843 mRNA and protein, suggesting that a net excess of MMP production under these conditions may promote breakdown of the vascular ECM. To test the in vivo relevance of these in vitro findings, we analyzed immunohistochemically normal @entity1 arteries and carotid @entity1856 . Normal tissue and the medial layer underlying lesions stained uniformly for @entity16617 . Lesions showed regionally increased MMP expression: the shoulders of @entity731 plaques contained stromelysin and 92 kDa GL associated with SMC, and clusters of macrophage-derived foam cells associated with the lipid core stained intensely for all MMPs studied. Endothelial cells covering @entity1856 or of the plaque microvasculature contained interstitial collagenase. In pathological conditions associated with local release of cytokines in the vessel wall, enhanced regional expression of vascular MMPs may contribute to SMC migration and weakening of matrix that would favor @entity397 , events associated with the development or complication of the @entity731 .

title: Enhanced expression of vascular matrix metalloproteinases induced in vitro by cytokines and in regions of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheroma', 'atheromas']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity3473 is rare in adults but not in @entity1 . The clinical picture often takes an insidious course. Acute abdomen may also be caused by @entity3473 . We report on three @entity1 with @entity3473 and acute abdomen. In two cases, a CT led to the diagnosis of invagination of the small intestine. In one @entity1 , invagination of the terminal ileum was detected during coloscopy. All @entity1 were submitted to limited segment resection and end-to-end @entity254 . In all three cases, the invagination was caused by benign pathological changes. Enteric intussusception in adults always requires surgery. In more than 95% of the cases, pathological findings are obtained intraoperatively, which are benign in the small intestine in 85-95% of the cases.

title: [Diagnostics and surgical therapy of XXXX in adults illustrated by three cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['enteric intussusception']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity3473 :: (MESH:D007443,Disease) :: ['enteric intussusception']


abstract: @entity141 compartments, @entity141 transport and the @entity730 process were studied by using 45Ca as a tracer. The biological model used was clones of @entity52876 developed into microcolonies whose skeleton is entirely covered by tissues, thus avoiding direct radioisotope exchange between the sea water and the skeleton. The study of @entity141 compartments was performed by measuring two complementary parameters: @entity141 influx and @entity141 efflux kinetics. Kinetic analysis of 45Ca uptake revealed three exchangeable and one non-exchangeable @entity141 compartments in these microcolonies. The first compartment was saturable with a short half-time (4 min), correlated to external @entity141 concentration and insensitive to metabolic or ion transport inhibitors. This compartment (72.88 nmol @entity141 mg-1 protein) has been previously attributed to sea water present in the coelenteron. The second @entity141 compartment (7.12 nmol @entity141 mg-1 protein) was soluble in @entity6674 , saturable with a half-time of 20 min and displayed a combination of Michaelis-Menten kinetics and diffusional entry. It was insensitive to a variety of inhibitors but its loading was stimulated by @entity141 channel inhibitors. On the basis of uptake experiments, the existence of a third compartment with a rapid turnover rate (about 2 min) and a very small size is predicted. It is suggested that this compartment corresponds to the calicoblastic epithelium. @entity141 flux through this compartment was facilitated by voltage-dependent @entity141 channels (with L-type characteristics) and @entity141 -ATPase and was coupled to an anion carrier. Transcellular @entity141 movement was dependent on the cytoskeleton. The rate of @entity141 flux across this epithelium was about 975 pmol mg-1 protein min-1. The fourth @entity460 compartment, corresponding to the skeleton, was soluble in @entity5828 and non-exchangeable. After a short lag phase (about 2 min), the rate of @entity141 deposition was linear over a period of at least 5 h. The @entity730 rate was 975 pmol mg-1 protein h-1 at an irradiance of 175 _micro;mol photons m-2 s-1. It followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and saturated at levels (9 mmol l-1) close to the @entity141 concentration of sea water. Wash-out (efflux) experiments employing several different protocols allowed identification of six compartments. The first two compartments were extracellular (bulk extracolonial water and coelenteron). The third compartment may be part of the second @entity141 compartment identified by influx experiments. A fourth compartment was sensitive to the @entity141 channel inhibitor D600 and appeared to be associated with the @entity6674 -soluble (tissue) @entity141 pool. Two compartments were identified during skeletal efflux, the first being small and due to either tissue carry-over or a labile skeletal compartment. The second compartment corresponded to bulk skeletal deposition. The various efflux protocols produced varying estimates of tissue @entity141 levels and @entity730 rates and, thus, coral post-incubation processing has a profound impact on experimental interpretation.

title: A compartmental approach to the mechanism of XXXX in hermatypic corals

entities_list: @entity52876 :: ('50429', 'Species') :: ['Stylophora pistillata']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is growing evidence that stress and other behavioral factors may affect @entity5 progression and @entity1 survival. The underlying mechanisms for this association are poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of stress-associated hormones @entity1063 , @entity1425 , and @entity701 on the invasive potential of @entity43 cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The @entity43 cells EG, SKOV3, and 222 were exposed to increasing levels of either @entity1063 , @entity1425 , or @entity701 , and the in vitro invasive potential was determined using the membrane invasion culture system. Additionally, the effects of these stress hormones on @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) and @entity1495 were determined by ELISA. The effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist @entity3044 on in vivo @entity5 growth were determined using @entity19 . RESULTS: Stress levels of @entity1063 increased the in vitro invasiveness of @entity43 cells by 89% to 198%. @entity1425 also induced significant increases in invasion in all three cell lines ranging from 64% to 76%. @entity701 did not significantly affect invasiveness of the EG and 222 cell lines but increased invasion in the SKOV3 cell line (P = 0.01). We have previously shown that @entity43 cells express beta-adrenergic receptors. The beta-adrenergic antagonist @entity1169 (1 mumol/L) completely blocked the @entity1063 -induced increase in invasiveness. @entity1063 also increased @entity5 cell expression of @entity1476 (P = 0.02 for both SKOV3 and EG cells) and @entity1495 (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively), and pharmacologic blockade of MMPs abrogated the effects of @entity1063 on @entity5 cell invasive potential. @entity3044 treatment resulted in a significant increase in @entity5 volume and infiltration in the SKOV3ip1 in vivo model, which was blocked by @entity1169 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide direct experimental evidence that stress hormones can enhance the invasive potential of @entity43 cells. These effects are most likely mediated by stimulation of MMPs.

title: Stress hormone-mediated invasion of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'propanolol']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite therapeutic advances, many @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 are still unable to achieve optimal glycaemic control, limited by the occurrence of hypoglycaemia. The objective of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of day and night home closed-loop over the medium term compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy in adults with type 1 @entity6 and suboptimal glycaemic control. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study will adopt an open label, three-centre, multinational, randomised, two-period crossover study design comparing automated closed-loop @entity413 control with sensor augmented insulin pump therapy. The study will aim for 30 completed @entity1 . Eligible @entity1 will be adults (>= 18   years) with type 1 @entity6 treated with insulin pump therapy and suboptimal glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) >= 7.5% (58   mmol/mmol) and  <=10% (86   mmol/mmol)). Following a 4-week optimisation period, @entity1 will undergo a 3-month use of automated closed-loop insulin delivery and sensor-augmented pump therapy, with a 4-6   week washout period in between. The order of the interventions will be random. All analysis will be conducted on an intention to treat basis. The primary outcome is the time spent in the target @entity413 range from 3.9 to 10.0   mmol/L based on continuous @entity413 monitoring levels during the 3   months free living phase. Secondary outcomes include @entity4051 c changes; mean @entity413 and time spent above and below target @entity413 levels. Further, @entity1 will be invited at baseline, midpoint and study end to participate in semistructured interviews and complete questionnaires to explore usability and acceptance of the technology, impact on quality of life and fear of hypoglycaemia. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval has been obtained at all sites. Before screening, all @entity1 will be provided with oral and written information about the trial. The study will be disseminated by peer-review publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01961622 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

title: Assessing the effectiveness of 3   months day and night home closed-loop insulin delivery in adults with suboptimally controlled type 1 XXXX : a randomised crossover study protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To find out the perceptions of @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) and psychiatrists (PS) on their inter-relationships in the health care of @entity1 with @entity308 . DESIGN: Qualitative methodology. Exploratory design based on @entity4310 and PS discussion groups (DG). SETTING: Primary health care centres (PHCC) and mental health centres (MHC) of the Basque Country Health Service in Vizcaya. @entity1 AND CONTEXT: A total of 29 @entity4310 from 20 PHCC, and 13 PS from 11 MHC, distributed according to the socioeconomic level of the reference population. The meetings were arranged and held in the PC research unit. METHODS: An intentional sample to configure 4 DG of @entity4310 and 2 of PS, homogenous as regards socioeconomic level, and heterogeneous as regards the centres they came from, work experience and gender. The meetings were recorded and transcribed and a sociological discourse analysis was made. Triangulation between researchers and results comparison with the @entity1 was carried out. RESULTS: The perceptions and attitudes of the @entity4310 and PS differed, in their connections with the @entity1 , expectations and health care context. In both cases they perceived the unsuitability of the real @entity1 as regards the prefixed perceptions of the professional. The increase of the problem and its management seemed to be conditioned by a social medium which was uncontrolled, and due to increasing deficiencies in the collaboration between health care levels. CONCLUSIONS: Care of the @entity1 with @entity308 requires diagnostic and treatment approaches centred on the @entity1 and shared by @entity4310 and PS.

title: [Family doctors and psychiatrists and the XXXX with @entity308 : the need to re-adjust health care approaches and organisational dynamics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['family doctors', 'FD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We estimated the societal costs imposed by and the relative contributions of risky driving, @entity457 , and substance use among young adults visiting a large urban emergency department who exhibited both high-risk driving and problem drinking. METHODS: Emergency department @entity1 aged 18 to 44 who screened positive for risky driving and problem drinking (n = 275) were surveyed regarding driving behaviors, substance use, injuries, work absences, health care utilization, legal problems, and traffic crashes over the previous year. These data, supplemented by police crash reports, were used to estimate costs. Univariate and multivariate regressions tested for associations between costs (logarithmically transformed) and risky driving, @entity457 , and substance use. RESULTS: Societal costs related to driving behavior and substance use averaged  19,342 per @entity1 , annually. One in 4 individuals had experienced a mild or moderate injury in the prior year, but no one in our sample had been involved with a severe @entity130 . One in 5 had been in a crash in the prior year. Risky driving was significantly associated with higher health care costs in multivariate models and with total costs in univariate and multivariate models. @entity167 use was associated with @entity130 and crash costs. @entity457 was not associated with increased costs in multivariate models but was associated with reduced health care costs. A one standard deviation increase in risky driving was associated with increased health care costs of  159 and increased total costs of  1306 per @entity1 , annually. CONCLUSIONS: Risky driving imposes significant costs, even controlling for substance use and @entity457 . Interventions to reduce risky driving may be cost-saving to society.

title: Societal costs of risky driving: an economic analysis of high-risk XXXX visiting an urban emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity457 :: ('MESH:D063425', 'Disease') :: ['drinking-driving', 'Drinking-driving']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['increased injury', 'injury or fatality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: From the viewpoint of histogenesis, @entity2220 can be subdivided into two groups: terminal respiratory unit (TRU) and non-TRU types. We recently reported a @entity1576 designated as ciliated @entity420 (we now prefer central @entity420 ). We suggest reasons that @entity3079 should encompass central @entity420 to represent its biological characteristics as @entity1576 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity3558 ( @entity5089 and @entity5090 were expressed more significantly in @entity1576 (P  <  0.01). Thirty-five (76.1%) and 45 cases (97.8%) of 46 @entity1576 showed positivity for @entity5089 and @entity5090 . Twelve (7.6%) and eight (5.1%) cases of 157 TRU type adenocarainoma showed positivity for @entity5090 and @entity5089 . @entity7457 gene expression was measured with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).     Ct of @entity7457 gene expression was 6.79 for TRU @entity420 and 0.6 for @entity1576 . Overall survival and disease-free survival were poorer in @entity1576 (P  =  0.02 and P  =  0.03). A multivariate test also showed that @entity1576 is an independent prognostic factor (P  =  0.04). CONCLUSION: @entity5089 and @entity5090 were specific makers for non-TRU @entity420 , including both central @entity420 and @entity3079 . We suggest that @entity1576 presents a poorer prognosis, so it should be regarded separately from TRU @entity420 .

title: @entity5089 and @entity5090 enhance the characterization of XXXX of the lung and predict poor prognosis.

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['type adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['non-TRU type adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3079 :: (MESH:D002288,Disease) :: ['mucinous adenocarcinomas']


abstract: Immunotherapy with a candidate for an antileprosy vaccine, Mycobacterium w, was given in addition to standard multidrug therapy (MDT) to 53 multibacillary lepromin negative @entity1 belonging to BB, BL and LL types of @entity1201 (vaccine group). An equal control group received MDT and injections of micronized starch as placebo. Both the vaccine and placebo were administered intradermally every 3 months. The @entity1 were evaluated at determined intervals by clinical, bacteriological and histopathological parameters and lepromin testing. Reactional episodes were analysed with reference to incidence, onset, frequency and severity during and after release from treatment (RFT). Incidence of reversal reaction (RR) was marginally higher in the vaccine group (22.6% vaccine group vs 15% control group). All cases with a history of downgrading type 1 reaction developed RR during therapy. Most episodes occurred within the 1st year of the commencement of therapy--50% developing within 3 months. Late reversal reaction (after RFT) were observed in 3.8% of cases in both groups, and 50% of the reactors in the control group and 33% in the vaccine group had repeated reactional episodes. Incidence of @entity5013 associated with RR as well as @entity5013 was similar in both groups.

title: Reversal reaction in multibacillary @entity1201 XXXX following MDT with and without immunotherapy with a candidate for an antileprosy vaccine, Mycobacterium w.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5013 :: ('MESH:D009443', 'Disease') :: ['isolated neuritis', 'neuritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the plasma levels of @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ), D-dimer, @entity650 and @entity310 and observe the relations among @entity2290 , @entity10431 , D-dimer, @entity650 and @entity310 in @entity1 with @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). METHODS: A prospective, clinical case-control study was conducted in @entity1 with @entity1850 at age of more than 55 years old treated during 2008-2010 at Wuhan Central Hospital. Venous blood samples were collected by routine venipuncture. Eighty-five @entity1 were divided into two groups according to diagnostic criteria of @entity1850 : @entity1850 @entity1 from intensive care units (n=50), and non- @entity1850 @entity1 from medical wards (n=35). Thirty healthy blood donors who visited the General Health Check-up Division at Wuhan Central Hospital served as controls. Excluded from the study were (1) those @entity1 with pregnancy; (2) those with @entity5 ; (3) those died after admission into the ICU in 7 days; (4) those received cardiopulmonary resuscitation; (5) those who had previous blood system diseases; and (6) those with @entity1850 before admission into the ICU. The levels of @entity2290 , @entity10431 , D-D, @entity650 and @entity310 in blood were detected by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 and expressed as mean    standard. Student's t test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used in the analysis. The relations of @entity2290 , @entity10431 and D-dimer, @entity650 @entity310 levels were analyzed using Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient test. RESULTS: The plasma levels of @entity2290 , @entity10431 , D-dimer, @entity650 and @entity310 in the @entity1 with @entity1850 were obviously higher than those in the non- @entity1850 @entity1 and controls (P<0.001). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between @entity10431 and @entity650 levels (r=0.395, P=0.004) and between @entity10431 and @entity310 levels (r=0.606, P<0.001), but no correlation between @entity10431 and D-dimer levels (r=0.069, P=0.632). No correlation was observed between @entity2290 , D-dimer, @entity650 and @entity310 levels (P>0.05). The establishment of ROC curve was based on the levels of @entity10431 , D-dimer, @entity650 and @entity310 in 24 hours for the diagnosis of @entity881 ( @entity881 ), and the ROC areas under the curve were 0.76, 0.58, 0.86 and 0.83, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2290 and @entity10431 play a major role in @entity1 with @entity1850 in the process of @entity3459 , but the mechanism of @entity1850 is not the same. @entity10431 may play a central role in the development of @entity1850 to @entity881 .

title: Prognostic significance of @entity2290 and its receptor in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10431 :: ('5329', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor', 'uPAR']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation disorder']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity1850 :: (MESH:D018746,Disease) :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome']


abstract: @entity1423 frequently represent a cause of @entity3459 with a late manifestation and spontaneous @entity548 . Disturbances of cellular hemostasis can be of quantitative nature due to an altered production or destruction of platelets. Qualitative disturbances can be associated with defects of adhesion, secretion or degranulation. Drug induced reactions, inflammatory processes and autoimmune reactions are the most frequent underlying disorders. Even a late manifestation, however, does not exclude @entity4670 . In the differential diagnosis of @entity74 the anamnestic analysis of the clinical circumstances of manifestation, of a family background and potentially interfering drugs are of central importance. Template @entity548 time, aggregometry and flow cytometry are complementary methods for the characterization of functional defects. First of all, a @entity2880 as the most frequent congenital form of a @entity548 pattern needs to be excluded. The clinical context is very important in the analysis of @entity1423 . Reticulated platelets allow the quantitative assessment of reduced production or increased destruction. Platelet indices, morphological assessment of blood and bone marrow and immunological tests allow the pathogenetical classification of @entity882 . @entity882 ( @entity882 ) is a frequent diagnosis by exclusion. The analysis of glycoprotein expression and the genetic characterization of suspected @entity154 are only performed in selected cases. Clinical and laboratory assessment are complementary in the discrimination of secondary forms of @entity715 from clinically relevant clonal disturbances.

title: [Differential diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disorders']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'mucocutaneous bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['disturbances of platelet turnover', 'Platelet disorders']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic thrombocytopenia', 'ITP', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocyte disorders']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand syndrome']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ingestion of collagen peptide (CP) elicits beneficial effects on the body, including improvement in blood lipid profiles, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity1413 on the liver, which controls lipid metabolism in the body. Male BALB/cCrSlc @entity19 were bred with the AIN-93M diet containing 14 % casein or the AIN-93M-based low-protein diet containing 10 % casein or a diet containing 6 % casein+4 % CP for 10 weeks (n 12/group). Total, free and esterified @entity165 levels in the blood decreased in the CP group. DNA microarray analysis of the liver revealed that expressions of genes related to lipid metabolic processes such as the @entity3229 signalling pathway and @entity844 metabolism increased in the CP group compared with the 10 % casein group. The expressions of several genes involved in @entity479 metabolic process, including @entity38296 and @entity57943 , were decreased, despite being targets of transcriptional regulation by @entity3229 . These data suggest that lipid metabolism in the liver is altered by @entity1413 , and the decrease in blood @entity165 levels in the CP group is not due to enhancement of the @entity479 metabolic process. On the other hand, expressions of genes related to the unfolded protein response (UPR) significantly decreased at the mRNA level, suggesting that @entity1413 lowers endoplasmic reticulum stress. Indeed, protein levels of phosphorylated @entity8580 -requiring enzyme 1 decreased after @entity1413 . Taken together, CP affects the broader pathways in the liver - not only lipid metabolism but also UPR.

title: Collagen peptide ingestion alters lipid metabolism-related gene expression and the unfolded protein response in XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['CP ingestion']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity4293 ( @entity4293 ) was first discovered as a causative protein for @entity2741 , which is often seen in the @entity5 . @entity4293 binds to the @entity18916 ( @entity18916 ) for signal transduction. @entity4293 - @entity18916 interactions were associated with bone resorption. The present study, therefore, sought to clarify the expression of @entity4293 , @entity461 ( @entity461 ) and @entity18916 in @entity1567 , using RT-PCR (N = 8), immunohistochemistry (N = 23) and ELISA (N = 11) techniques. @entity4293 and B-actin mRNA were detected in the all samples. Expression of @entity4293 was also seen in all of the 23 cases in @entity1567 by immunohistochemistry. There was a significant difference in @entity4293 concentration by ELISA between typical unicystic type and solid type including unicystic type 3 (p = 0.0427). Only one exhibited the weak expression of @entity18916 mRNA. @entity18916 was observed on osteoblasts in bone around the @entity5 but no expression was observed on @entity1567 cells in @entity5 parenchyma by immunohistochemistry. @entity461 was not detected in @entity1567 by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistory as well as ELISA. In addition, @entity2741 and increase of serum @entity4293 level was observed in one case of 8 @entity1567 . It was suggested that @entity4293 level may be associated with local bone infiltration and @entity2741 in @entity1567 .

title: Expression of @entity461 -related protein in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity4293 :: ('5744', 'Gene') :: ['PTHrP', 'Parathyroid hormone-related protein']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma', 'ameloblastomas']

entities_list: @entity18916 :: ('5745', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone 1 receptor', 'PTH1R']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1567 :: (MESH:D000564,Disease) :: ['ameloblastomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative chemoradiation can potentially improve outcomes in @entity1 with @entity788 . This study addresses its effect on staging @entity788 with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 underwent a dual-phase MDCT pancreas protocol for proved @entity788 . Of these, 16 @entity1 underwent preoperative chemoradiation. Three radiologists independently reviewed images to assess for locally advanced disease, liver and peritoneal metastases on baseline studies of all 55 @entity1 , and on follow-up preoperative studies for the 16 @entity1 receiving preoperative therapy. Overall score for resectability was graded on a scale from 1 to 5 (1, definitely resectable; 5. definitely unresectable). Receiver operating characteristic curves and weighted (kappa statistics were determined. RESULTS: The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for readers 1, 2, and 3 were 0.98, 0.96, and 0.90, respectively. Weighted kappa values for reader 1 versus reader 2, reader 1 versus reader 3, and reader 2 versus reader 3 were 0.90, 0.57, and 0.54, respectively. Interpreting scores of 1 to 3 for resectability as resectable disease, the mean values for sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy were 0.92, 0.91, 0.74, 0.98, and 0.92 respectively. CONCLUSION: The negative predictive value for MDCT for identifying unresectable @entity788 in the setting of preoperative therapy is comparable to that reported in the absence of neoadjuvant therapy.

title: Staging of XXXX with multidetector CT in the setting of preoperative chemoradiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and biogenesis (MB) is a widely accepted pathophysiological feature of @entity295 -induced AKI, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are unknown. In this study, we examined the signaling pathways responsible for the suppression of MB in a @entity19 model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI. Down-regulation of @entity7111 , a master regulator of MB, was noted at the mRNA level at 3 h and protein level at 18 h in the renal cortex and was associated with @entity177 following LPS treatment. LPS-mediated suppression of @entity7111 led to reduced expression of downstream regulators of MB and electron transport chain (ETC) proteins along with a reduction in renal cortical mitochondrial DNA content. Mechanistically, @entity1990 knockout @entity19 were protected from @entity8 and disruption of MB after LPS. Immunoblot analysis revealed activation of @entity28468 / @entity13438 / @entity13436 signaling in the renal cortex by LPS. Pharmacological inhibition of @entity13438 / @entity13436 signaling attenuated @entity8 and loss of @entity7111 , and was associated with a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine (e.g. @entity637 , @entity635 ) expression at 3 h post-LPS. Neutralization of @entity637 also blocked @entity7111 suppression, but not @entity8 , following LPS-induced AKI. Finally, systemic administration of recombinant @entity637 alone was sufficient to produce AKI and disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis. These findings indicate an important role for the @entity1990 / @entity13438 / @entity13436 pathway in both @entity8 and suppression of MB. @entity1990 / @entity13438 / @entity13436 / @entity637 signaling may represent a novel therapeutic target to prevent @entity2383 and AKI produced by @entity295 .

title: Suppression of Mitochondrial Biogenesis through @entity1990 -dependent XXXX / @entity13436 Signaling in Endotoxin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['LPS-induced renal dysfunction', 'renal dysfunction', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['loss of renal function']

answer: @entity13438 :: (17242(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MEK']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the factor structure of the Cognitive Symptoms Inventory (CSI) in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) participating in a multiethnic longitudinal study of outcome, the @entity1252 in Minority populations, Nature versus nurture (LUMINA) study. METHODS: LUMINA @entity1 of Hispanic (n = 48), African American (n = 64), and Caucasian (n = 44) ethnicity who had a study visit (enrollment or followup) between January 1 and September 30, 2000 were included. @entity1 completed the CSI, a 21-item self-report measure of cognitive function. Sociodemographic, clinical, immunologic, psychosocial, and behavioral variables were ascertained per protocol and as previously described. Data were analyzed with SPSS. The factor structure of the CSI was determined using the principal axis method with oblique rotation as decided by Gorsuch. All factors having an Eigenvalue greater than 1 were considered. A 4-factor solution was derived that accounted for 42.6% of the common variance. The correlations between @entity1 factor scale scores and variables from the demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and behavioral domains were then examined. RESULTS: The four factors and their respective variance are, Attention/Concentration (28.8%), Pattern Recognition/Activity Management (5.7%), Intermediate Memory (4.7%), and Initiation of Executive Functions (3.4%); each factor correlated with the total CSI score. Overall, @entity1 ' factor scale scores were positively and significantly correlated with other measures of @entity73 such as the @entity1252 Activity Measure (neuromotor domain) or the @entity1252 International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index ( @entity149 ), as well as with measures of fatigue, maladaptive coping skills, poor mental functioning, poor social support, and helplessness. They were, however, not correlated with sociodemographic or clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to demonstrating that the CSI can be used to measure @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity1252 in the research setting, we have determined a 4-factor solution for the CSI that appears to have adequate metric properties. At present, the CSI may best be used as a screen for difficulties in daily activities involving intermediate memory, concentration, attention, and executive function. Nevertheless, further work with the CSI items and factor scales is necessary to establish internal and test-retest reliability of the factor scales; and provide additional evidence of the convergent and predictive validity of these scales in larger samples of @entity1 from each ethnic subgroup.

title: XXXX in three ethnic groups. X. Measuring @entity73 with the cognitive symptoms inventory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Systemic Lupus', 'Lupus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: For unstable @entity174 of the distal radius, the dorsal plate requires exposure of the fragments, frequently spongioplasty, and usually removal of the implant later on. However, with the palmar approach for the reconstruction of the articular surface and restoration can easily be achieved with the T-plate. In the Traumatology Department of the University at G  ttingen, we have gained experience in the treatment with the @entity1619 in more than 400 @entity1 . In a prospective study, we investigated the functional and radiological results after @entity1619 in @entity7719 . From September 1994 to December 1998 we treated 200 @entity1 with the @entity1619 (AO, 3.5 mm, @entity702 ). 166 @entity1 (83%), mean age 59 years, could be followed up >18 months. AO classification: A2:10, A3:45, B1:18, B2:10, C1:24, C2:40, C3:19. We compared group 1 (younger than 60 years, n=88) vs group 2 (older than 60 years, n=78). The @entity1 ' evaluation of the usability of the hand was normal in 56% and in 26,5% slightly reduced. 12,5% felt handicapped and 5% felt severely handicapped. 5% of the @entity1 changed the domain hand, 15,4% at least partly. Function according to Lidstr  m: 23% excellent, 58% good, 15% fair and 4% poor results. Radiological results according to Lidstr  m were excellent and good in 88,3% and fair in 11,7%. Gartland and Werley score was excellent in 66%, good in 24%, fair in 6% and poor in 4%. There was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2 in the age-depending results. The secondary dislocation, the average dorsal tilt was 3 degrees, the mean shortening of the radius was 1,5 mm. We saw steps in the joint surface from 0,5-1 mm in 10%. An @entity6865 occurred in 5%. 12% of the @entity1 complained of limited sensitive irritations of the medianus nerve most likely originating in the formerly used approach close to the medianus nerve. After changing this approach, we saw no irritation of the Nervus medianus among 50 @entity1 so far. Evaluation of the functional and radiological investigations: The @entity1619 has produced reliable and good results in the treatment of unstable distal @entity174 of the radius without angle-stable screws up to now. This type of osteosynthesis is stable for exercise and ensures early mobilization with good functional results even in elderly @entity1 .

title: [Results of @entity1619 in unstable XXXX of the distal radius].

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['palmar T-plate', 'palmar T-plate osteosynthesis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['algodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity7719 :: ('MESH:D003100', 'Disease') :: ['Colles fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Enhanced central sympathetic outflow worsens left ventricular (LV) remodeling and prognosis in @entity712 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Previous studies suggested that activation of brain @entity14207 ( @entity14207 ) in the brainstem leads to sympathoexcitation due to neuronal @entity14207 upregulation. Recent studies, however, revealed the importance of astrocytes for modulating neuronal activity, but whether changes in astrocytes influence central sympathetic outflow in @entity712 is unknown. In the normal state, @entity14207 are only weakly expressed in astrocytes. We hypothesized that @entity14207 in astrocytes are upregulated in @entity712 , and modulate the activity of adjacent neurons, leading to enhanced sympathetic outflow. In the present study, by targeting deletion of astrocyte-specificAT1R, we investigated whetherAT1R in astrocytes have a key role in enhancing central sympathetic outflow, and thereby influencing LV remodeling process and the prognosis of @entity583 -induced @entity712 . Using the Cre-LoxP system, we generated @entity9327 ( @entity9327 )-specific @entity14207 knockout ( @entity9327 /AT1RKO) @entity19 . Urinary @entity1063 excretion for 24 h, as an indicator of sympathoexcitation, was significantly lower in @entity9327 /AT1RKO- @entity583 @entity19 than in control- @entity583 @entity19 . LV size and heart weight after @entity583 were significantly smaller in @entity9327 /AT1RKO @entity19 than in control @entity19 . Prognosis was significantly improved in @entity9327 /AT1RKO- @entity583 @entity19 compared to control- @entity583 @entity19 . Our findings indicated that @entity14207 expression was upregulated in brainstem astrocytes in @entity583 -induced @entity712 , which worsened LV remodeling and prognosis via sympathoexcitation. Thus, in addition to neuronal @entity14207 , @entity14207 in astrocytes appear to have a key role in enhancing central sympathetic outflow in @entity712 .

title: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression in astrocytes is upregulated leading to increased mortality in @entity19 with XXXX -induced @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity14207 :: ('11610(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptors', 'AT1R']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Double-blind placebo controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) is the gold standard diagnostic test in @entity5419 because it minimizes diagnostic bias. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential effect of diagnosis on the socioeconomic costs of @entity5419 . METHODS: A prospective longitudinal cost analysis study was conducted in Spain and Poland within the EuroPrevall project. Food- @entity56 @entity1 were enrolled into the study and in all cases diagnosis was confirmed through a standardized DBPCFC. Data were collected through a self-administered survey on all aspects of health and social care resource use, costs of living, and costs of leisure activities. Costs were measured before and 6 months after the DBPCFC and reported in international dollars with 2007 as the benchmark year. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were enrolled. Twenty-one @entity1 had a negative DBPCFC and the suspected food was reintroduced into their diet. Comparing total direct costs before and after the DBPCFC, the reactive group spent a significantly higher amount (median increase of  813.1 over baseline), while the tolerant group's spending decreased by a median of  87.3 (P = .031). The amount of money spent on food 6 months after diagnosis was also significantly higher in the reactive group (P = .040). Finally, a larger, but not statistically significant, decrease in total indirect costs was observed in the tolerant group compared with the reactive group ( 538.3 vs  32.3). CONCLUSION: DBPCFC has an impact on indirect and direct costs of living. The main contribution to this increase was money spent on food.

title: The impact of double-blind placebo- controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) on the socioeconomic cost of XXXX in Europe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: The outcome of islet isolation is considered uncertain because of the large variability of islet and @entity9959 yield, but comparison of the isolated and native islet population has not been attempted. We therefore addressed the efficacy of collagenase digestion, and density gradient purification of islets from the splenic @entity235 pancreas (n = 31) by morphometry of the islet volume and size distribution, and by extraction of @entity9959 and amylase, in samples from the pancreas, the digest, and gradient fractions. In contrast to a approximately 90% recovery of pancreatic @entity9959 and amylase after digestion, islet yield amounted to 50% of the islet content of the pancreas. After density separation, islets were mainly found in the purified fractions, while half of the recovered @entity9959 was located in the acinar fraction of the gradients-indicating a substantial proportion of islets entrapped in acinar fragments. The islet and @entity9959 content of the pancreas correlated well with islet and @entity9959 yield after digestion (r = 0.7, p < .0001). The @entity9959 content of digest suspensions did neither correlate with islet nor @entity9959 recovery in the purified fraction of the gradients (r = 0.4) as opposed to the islet content of digest suspensions, which correlated with both (r = 0.7, p < .0001). After density separation near 100% purity was obtained, and no loss of @entity9959 from isolated islets was demonstrated by extraction and microscopy. Size distributions of native and isolated islets demonstrated no fragmentation. We conclude that the variability of isolation outcome may be attributed to a large extent to the variability of the native endocrine pancreas. Isolation efficacy was best documented by morphometry, because @entity9959 extraction did not discriminate between free and entrapped islets. However, assessment by both morphometry and extraction allowed the quantitation of entrapped islets, and demonstrated preservation of beta-cell granulation. Similar studies should facilitate the analysis of other factors affecting islet isolation in @entity1 .

title: Assessment of islet isolation efficacy in XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: We present the case of a young @entity1 diagnosed with a right atrial mass and a large pericardial effusion. The @entity1 had presented in the emergency department with @entity662 , @entity1353 , pedal @entity4 and @entity1277 . A transthoracic echocardiogram showed a bright echodensity in the right atrium with a large pericardial effusion. He was treated for presumed tubercular pericardial effusion. Pericardiocentesis showed a straw-coloured non-tubercular pericardial effusion. Surgical @entity5 was planned with cardiopulmonary bypass support. The @entity5 could only be partially resected due to large adhesions with the myocardium. The @entity1 suffered a @entity1167 in the intensive care unit 3 hours after surgery due to persistent @entity548 in the pericardial cavity with @entity1457 and could not be revived. The pathological examination performed later revealed a primary @entity5426 . The case highlights the initial clinical presentation, current diagnostic modalities, and anaesthetic management options for @entity5426 .

title: A large XXXX of the right atrium: anaesthetic management.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the right atrial tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['refractory hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory arrest']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['angiosarcoma']


abstract: @entity13366 ( @entity13366 ) has been recommended as a viable alternative to subcutaneous injection therapy in the treatment of airway @entity566 , though more data is needed from well-controlled studies for documenting its efficacy in different ethnic populations. Ninety-seven @entity1 (age range 6-12 years), mild-to-moderate @entity565 with a single sensitization to mite allergen, were enrolled from 5 medical centers in Taiwan to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity13366 with standardized mite extracts, which contain @entity7130 (D.p.) and @entity8786 (D.f.). @entity1 were double blinded and randomly assigned to either a @entity13366 or placebo group. Following 24 weeks of study period, symptom and medication scores, lung function tests, skin prick tests, total serum IgE, and specific IgE to D.p. and D.f. were recorded. The results showed that there was statistically significant difference between these two groups in the analysis of daily (P=0.011), nighttime (P=0.028), and daytime (P=0.009) asthmatic scores after 24 weeks of treatment. @entity1 receiving @entity13366 improved their forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) as compared to baseline (P=0.042, P=0.048, and P=0.001, respectively). No differences were found in skin prick test, total serum IgE and specific IgE to D.p. and D.f. Tolerance with high-dose @entity13366 was good with few minor adverse events reported. Our results indicated that a 24-week @entity13366 is of clinical benefit to mite-sensitive asthmatic @entity1 in Taiwan.

title: Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy with high-dose mite extracts in XXXX : a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled study in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity13366 :: ('MESH:D013362', 'Disease') :: ['SLIT', 'Sublingual immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate sporadic results demonstrating prolonged survival after surgical resection and/or intraarterial chemotherapy (IACH) for liver metastases from @entity2184 . METHODS: From December 1992 to March 1997 every @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity2184 was enrolled in a prospective study including: (1) aggressive surgical approach removing as much @entity409 as possible; (2) implantation of an intraaterial catheter; (3) intraarterial chemotherapy for 6 months. 75 @entity1 were enrolled: 38 @entity1 , 37 @entity1 , mean age 51 years (range: 18-72), mean time from initial diagnosis of @entity2184 to liver metastases 37 months (ranged: 1-168). RESULTS: Disseminated disease in both lobes was present in all but one @entity1 . Macroscopically curative surgery was possible in 27.5%. Significant @entity5 reduction was performed in 49.3% and a simple biopsy was possible in 23.2%. Eight @entity1 did not receive chemotherapy and died soon after. IACH included @entity23635 and/or DTIC- @entity902 for 4-9 cycles. Overall median survival was 9 months; very similar to non-operated historical controls. In the 61 @entity1 receiving complete treatment surgery plus chemotherapy, median survival improved to 10 months. When curative resection was possible, survival increased to 22 months (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive surgical resection, when possible, appears to be the best method of improving survival of liver metastases from @entity2184 . New drug combinations are also required to improve survival.

title: Treatment of liver metastases from XXXX by combined surgery-chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity23635 :: ('MESH:C054368', 'Chemical') :: ['Fotemustine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSES: To assess patterns of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) management and to investigate predictive factors of cholinesterase inhibitor prescriptions. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a national survey among the elderly aged >60 from 2000 to 2002. Visit characteristics and cholinesterase inhibitor prescriptions associated with @entity303 / @entity195 status were evaluated. MAIN FINDINGS: A total of 25,561 visit records were identified. Of the total visits, only 0.6% had @entity303 / @entity195 records. Most of the @entity303 / @entity195 visits were made by @entity1 (60.6%) and white @entity1 (93.5%). Of the @entity303 / @entity195 visits, about half (46.5%) were prescribed with one or more cholinesterase inhibitors. @entity8124 was the most prevalent agent (68.0%) followed by @entity11544 (26.0%). Logistic regression analyses indicated that the physician's specialty was a strong predictor for cholinesterase inhibitor prescription; psychiatrists [odds ratio (OR)=5.5; p<0.01] and neurologists (OR=2.6; p<0.03) were more likely to prescribe cholinesterase inhibitor than other physicians. Other characteristics including race did not show significant association. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest that physicians who specialized in psychiatry and neurology predominantly provided ambulatory care services for @entity303 @entity1 . More efforts should be given to detect and to treat @entity303 @entity1 with cognitive-enhancing agents after the formal diagnosis in the ambulatory care setting.

title: National patterns of @entity303 treatment among elderly ambulatory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "dementia/Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['Donepezil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To illustrate a method of quantitative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the evaluation of the corneal endothelia of small animals by comparing two commonly used fixation methods. ANIMALS STUDIED: Female New Zealand white @entity95 , aged 10-12 weeks. PROCEDURES: The corneas were either dissected from the eye and placed in fixative (2% @entity3584 in 80 mm @entity3495 , pH 7.4) or the whole eyeball immersed in fixative solution and the @entity267 dissected later. Lower (x 200) and high magnification (x 1,000-5,000) images were inspected for overall appearance. Magnification images (x 500) were used to measure the areas of 100 cells, and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) calculated from the average area. RESULTS: Both fixation protocols yielded an intact endothelial surface, but the dissect- then-fix protocol resulted in more creasing and distortion artifacts that were avoided with the whole-eyeball fixation. Overall, the @entity1358 values were higher if the dissect-then-fix method was used, and the uniformity of the cell mosaic was less. The median @entity1358 values for the central, mid-peripheral and peripheral regions following dissect-then-fix protocols were 7,693, 7,353, and 7,071 cells/mm(2) (average eight corneas at each location). If the whole-globe fixation was used, the median @entity1358 values were 6,098, 5,747, and 4,785 cells/mm(2). CONCLUSION: Cell density values in SEM can be very different according to the fixation method used. A distinct regional difference in @entity1358 was evident, which was more pronounced if the @entity267 was fixed prior to being dissected from the eye.

title: Subjective vs. objective analysis of the corneal endothelial cells in the @entity95 XXXX by scanning electron microscopy - a comparison of two different methods of corneal fixation.

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'cell density']

entities_list: @entity3495 :: ('MESH:D002101', 'Chemical') :: ['cacodylate']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: Telomeres are complex DNA-protein structures located at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomere length shortens with age in all replicating somatic cells. It has been shown that @entity286 smoking enhances @entity10205 shortening in circulating lymphocytes. The present study investigated whether this effect was further amplified in smokers who develop @entity1030 . Telomere length was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridisation in circulating lymphocytes harvested from 26 never-smokers, 24 smokers with normal lung function and 26 smokers with moderate-to-severe airflow obstruction (forced expiratory flow in one second 48+/-4% predicted). In contrast to never-smokers, @entity10205 length significantly decreased with age in smokers. There was also a dose-effect relationship between the cumulative long-life exposure to @entity286 smoking (pack-yrs) and @entity10205 length. The presence and/or severity of @entity1030 did not modify this relationship. The results of the current study confirm that smoking exposure enhances @entity10205 shortening in circulating lymphocytes. It also demonstrates a dose-effect relationship between exposure to @entity286 smoking and @entity10205 length, but failed to show that this effect is amplified in smokers who develop @entity1030 .

title: Telomere shortening in smokers with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic airflow obstruction', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: @entity1763 secondary to @entity1224 has numerous underlying causes, both acute and chronic. Causes of chronic @entity1224 , such as @entity5 and tracheal scarring, are often clinically apparent well prior to @entity1763 . Causes of acute @entity1224 may not be as obvious to clinicians or investigators. These include infections, anaphylactic reactions, status asthmaticus, @entity130 , and @entity1173 , which may result in @entity697 and @entity944 . We report the deaths of 2 individuals, a 43-year-old female and a 78-year-old female, both with @entity420 . The 43-year-old was hospitalized with a stage III, poorly differentiated infiltrating @entity513 of the breast metastatic to the lymph nodes. She was intubated to treat poor respiratory function and @entity520 . A bronchoalveolar lavage was consistent with @entity548 ; no organisms were identified. Blood and "clot" were in her endotracheal tube, so the endotracheal tube was replaced. She became comatose and life support was withdrawn. At autopsy, a large red-gray @entity715 obstructed the @entity825 and extended into the right bronchus. Microscopically, the entire clot was composed of fibrin, red blood cells, and some mucus. Findings of @entity649 with hyaline membranes were identified. The cause of @entity204 was listed as @entity649 with @entity715 . Experiencing a decline in mental status, the 78-year-old had metastatic @entity420 . She developed @entity649 and an @entity1224 was discovered. After failure to relieve the obstruction, she decompensated and died. At autopsy, a large, red-gray @entity715 obstructed the distal @entity825 and both bronchi. Microscopically, the @entity715 was composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. The cause of @entity204 was @entity1763 secondary to @entity1224 by @entity715 . We present these 2 unusual cases of @entity1763 and review of the literature focusing on @entity1763 and the etiology of airway thrombi.

title: XXXX by @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute obstruction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['sudden respiratory distress', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1763 :: ('MESH:D001237', 'Disease') :: ['Asphyxia', 'asphyxia']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial thrombus', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of unknown primary', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inhalational injuries']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspirations']

answer: @entity1763 :: (MESH:D001237,Disease) :: ['Asphyxia']


abstract: Genetic screens carried out in lower organisms such as @entity375 , @entity238 and @entity2199 have revealed many signaling pathways. For example, components of the RAS signaling cascade were identified using a mutant eye phenotype in @entity238 as a readout. Screening is usually based on enhancing or suppressing a phenotype by way of a known mutation in a particular signaling pathway. Such in vivo screens have been difficult to carry out in mammals, however, owing to their relatively long generation times and the limited number of animals that can be screened. Here we describe an in vivo @entity1 genetic screen used to identify components of pathways contributing to oncogenic transformation. We applied retroviral insertional mutagenesis in @entity18122 transgenic (E mu @entity18122 ) @entity19 lacking expression of @entity8627 and @entity39628 to search for genes that can substitute for @entity8627 and @entity39628 in lymphomagenesis. We determined the chromosomal positions of 477 retroviral insertion sites (RISs) derived from 38 @entity5 from E mu @entity18122 @entity8627 (-/-) @entity39628 (-/-) @entity19 and 27 @entity5 from E mu @entity18122 control @entity19 using the Ensembl and Celera annotated @entity19 genome databases. There were 52 sites occupied by proviruses in more than one @entity5 . These common insertion sites (CISs) are likely to contain genes contributing to tumorigenesis. Comparison of the RISs in @entity5 of Pim-null @entity19 with the RISs in @entity5 of E mu @entity18122 control @entity19 indicated that 10 of the 52 CISs belong to the Pim complementation group. In addition, we found that @entity45416 is selectively activated in Pim-null @entity5 cells, which supports the validity of our approach.

title: High-throughput retroviral tagging to identify components of specific signaling pathways in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'D. melanogaster']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The cytochrome bc1 complex was isolated from @entity375 mitochondria solubilized with the detergent @entity10940 and reconstituted into proteoliposomes to measure electrogenic proton pumping. Optimal respiratory control ratios of 4.0, obtained after addition of the uncoupler CCCP, and H+/e- ratios of 1.6 were obtained when the proteoliposomes were prepared with egg yolk @entity2434 supplemented with @entity6894 . Moreover, it was critical to remove excess @entity10940 in the final concentrated preparation prior to reconstitution to prevent loss of enzymatic activity. The rate of electrogenic proton pumping, the respiratory control ratios, and the H+/e- ratios were decreased by incubation of the cytochrome bc1 complex with @entity12475 ( @entity12475 ) in a time and concentration dependent manner. Maximum inhibitions were observed when 50 nmol DCCD per nmol of @entity2351 were incubated for 30 min at 12 degrees C with the intact cytochrome bc1 complex. Under these same conditions maximum labeling of @entity2351 with [14C] DCCD was reported in a previous study [Beattie et al. (1984). J. Biol. Chem. 259, 10562-10532] consistent with a role for @entity2351 in electrogenic proton movements.

title: Time and concentration dependence of the XXXX inhibition of proton movements in the cytochrome bc1 complex from @entity375 mitochondria reconstituted into proteoliposomes.

entities_list: @entity12475 :: ('MESH:D004024', 'Chemical') :: ['DCCD', 'dicyclohexylcarbodiimide']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity10940 :: ('MESH:C040358', 'Chemical') :: ['dodecyl maltoside']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity12475 :: (MESH:D004024,Chemical) :: ['dicyclohexylcarbodiimide']


abstract: AIM: To assess the technical feasibility and initial success of aspiration thrombectomy as a potential alternative to lytic therapy in initial endovascular management of acute lower extremity @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2004 to October 2007, a retrospective analysis of 27 @entity1 (male:female 5:22; mean age 59 years) with acute iliofemoral or femoropopliteal @entity1150 of less than 2 weeks was performed. All @entity1 underwent sonography of the lower extremities, and 13 @entity1 underwent computed tomography (CT) venography. All @entity1 received an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter and were initially treated with aspiration thrombectomy using the pullback technique with or without basket @entity715 . If persistent stenotic portions (>50% luminal narrowing) were noted, balloon angioplasty or stent placement was performed. Successful recanalization was defined as successful restoration of antegrade flow in the treated vein with elimination of any underlying obstructive lesion. RESULTS: The mean procedure time was 65 min (range 40-100 min). Successful initial recanalization was achieved in 24 @entity1 (88.9%) without complications. Urokinase was required for three @entity1 (11.1%) due to a hard @entity715 remaining in the iliac vein. Of the 27 @entity1 , 23 had @entity1211 in the common iliac vein or external iliac vein. Therefore, balloon angioplasty (n=23) and stent placement (n=22) was performed. The remaining four @entity1 were treated using only aspiration thrombectomy without angioplasty or stent placement. CONCLUSION: Aspiration thrombectomy without catheter-directed thrombolysis is a safe and effective treatment for acute @entity1150 of the lower extremities, and minimizes the risk of @entity548 .

title: Percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy for the treatment of acute lower extremity XXXX : is thrombolysis needed?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus fragmentation', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['residual venous stenosis']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: Whether the ability to recognize facial expression can be preserved in the absence of the recognition of facial identity remains controversial. The current study reports the results of a detailed investigation of facial expression recognition in three @entity154 ( @entity154 ) @entity1 , in comparison with two @entity1 with @entity10400 ( @entity10400 ) and a large group of 30 neurologically normal @entity1 , including individually age- and gender-matched controls. @entity1 completed a fine-grained expression recognition paradigm requiring a six-alternative forced-choice response to continua of morphs of six different basic facial expressions (e.g. happiness and surprise). Accuracy, sensitivity and reaction times were measured. The performance of all three @entity154 individuals was indistinguishable from that of controls, even for the most subtle expressions. In contrast, both individuals with @entity10400 displayed pronounced difficulties with the majority of expressions. The results from the @entity154 @entity1 attest to the dissociability of the processing of facial identity and of facial expression. Whether this remarkably good expression recognition is achieved through normal, or compensatory, mechanisms remains to be determined. Either way, this normal level of performance does not extend to include facial identity.

title: A detailed investigation of facial expression processing in congenital XXXX as compared to @entity10400 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital prosopagnosic', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acquired prosopagnosia']

answer: @entity10400 :: (MESH:D020238,Disease) :: ['prosopagnosia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Flux balance analysis is traditionally implemented to identify the maximum theoretical flux for some specified reaction and a single distribution of flux values for all the reactions present which achieve this maximum value. However it is well known that the uncertainty in reaction networks due to branches, cycles and experimental errors results in a large number of combinations of internal reaction fluxes which can achieve the same optimal flux value. RESULTS: In this work, we have modified the applied linear objective of flux balance analysis to include a poling penalty function, which pushes each new set of reaction fluxes away from previous solutions generated. Repeated poling-based flux balance analysis generates a sample of different solutions (a characteristic set), which represents all the possible functionality of the reaction network. Compared to existing sampling methods, for the purpose of generating a relatively "small" characteristic set, our new method is shown to obtain a higher coverage than competing methods under most conditions. The influence of the linear objective function on the sampling (the linear bias) constrains optimisation results to a subspace of optimal solutions all producing the same maximal fluxes. Visualisation of reaction fluxes plotted against each other in 2 dimensions with and without the linear bias indicates the existence of correlations between fluxes. This method of sampling is applied to the organism @entity59569 for the production of @entity4588 from @entity653 . CONCLUSIONS: A new method of sampling for the generation of different flux distributions (sets of individual fluxes satisfying constraints on the steady-state mass balances of intermediates) has been developed using a relatively simple modification of flux balance analysis to include a poling penalty function inside the resulting optimisation objective function. This new methodology can achieve a high coverage of the possible flux space and can be used with and without linear bias to show optimal versus sub-optimal solution spaces. Basic analysis of the @entity59569 system using sampling shows that in order to achieve the maximal @entity4588 production CO    must be taken into the system. Solutions involving release of CO    all give sub-optimal @entity4588 production.

title: Sampling with poling-based flux balance analysis: optimal versus sub-optimal flux space analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinic acid']

entities_list: @entity59569 :: ('67854', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus succinogenes']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity59569 :: (67854,Species) :: ['Actinobacillus succinogenes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: One potential limitation of gene therapy for @entity5 is the lack of tissue or @entity5 specificity of treatment. Tumor-selective expression of gene therapies may avoid deleterious side effects and improve the efficacy of the treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue and @entity5 specificity of four different potential gene therapy promoters, to determine their usefulness in tissue-specific gene therapy of epithelial @entity43 . METHODS: Three potential epithelial cell-selective ( @entity18437 , @entity4010 , OSP1) and one potential @entity5 -selective ( @entity2215 ) promoter were placed upstream of a luciferase construct to determine relative activity in a wide variety of normal and malignant cell lines. Transient transfection and luciferase assays were carried out in 12 epithelial ovarian (3 SV40 T antigen-transfected normal and 9 malignant) and 8 control cell lines. RESULTS: Luciferase assays revealed that the @entity2215 promoter presented the highest @entity5 selectivity. @entity18437 and @entity4010 promoters showed strong epithelial cell selectivity ( @entity18437 ; @entity4010 , 15/17), with the OSP1 (11/17) promoter exhibiting lower epithelial selectivity. Of the potential promoters for gene therapy, @entity2215 promoter exhibited the strongest transcriptional activity in most of the @entity5 cell lines. None of the promoters exhibited strict ovarian epithelium selectivity. CONCLUSION: The @entity2215 promoter may be an optimal promoter for a univector gene therapy approach based on its high @entity5 selectivity. Utilization of multiple epithelial cell-specific promoters may result in a more tissue-selective gene therapy approach. Using a combination of promoters may prevent potential problems due to expression in nonepithelial stem cells that may constitutively express @entity2215 .

title: Identification of tissue- and cancer-selective promoters for the introduction of genes into human XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness and reliability of integrated whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in @entity1 in whom recurrent @entity43 is suspected. METHODS: Integrated whole-body PET/CT imaging was performed in 19 @entity1 with suspected @entity43 recurrence. CT, PET and fused PET/CT images were evaluated separately and imaging results were compared with pathological findings and clinical follow-up after 6 months. RESULTS: Of the 19 @entity1 studied, 11 were found to have recurrent @entity5 . In 8 of these 11 @entity1 , recurrence was diagnosed by CT, PET and fused PET/CT. In the remaining three @entity1 , only PET and PET/CT showed a recurrent @entity5 , while CT was negative. Twelve localisations of @entity43 recurrence could be detected by CT, 17 by PET and 18 by PET/CT. In one @entity1 with pulmonary @entity3 in CT and in the CT component of PET/CT, PET was negative. In the case of three @entity3 in the diaphragm, the spleen and the thoracic wall, respectively, the determination of the exact localisation was only possible by fused PET/CT. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 , PET/CT detects more lesions than PET or CT alone. PET/CT permits the exact anatomical localisation of pathologic tracer uptake and can thus direct further treatment to the precise site of @entity5 recurrence. Hence, PET/CT should be considered for follow-up of @entity1 with @entity43 .

title: Evaluation of integrated whole-body PET/CT in the detection of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spectral domain (SD) enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) is a useful tool for anatomic, cross-sectional imaging of retinal conditions. AIMS: The aim was to identify characteristic patterns of @entity12621 on EDI-OCT in @entity1 and adults. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Retrospective review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of published reports and personal observations using office-based EDI-OCT for adults and portable hand-held SD OCT for @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: Using EDI-OCT, @entity12621 such as small @entity995 , @entity4607 , and @entity279 arose abruptly from the retina, immediately adjacent to normal retina. @entity995 and @entity279 showed the full-thickness, homogeneous retinal disorganization with surrounding normal retina "draping" over the margins. @entity995 occasionally had intralesional cavities and surrounding subretinal fluid. @entity279 often had adjacent intraretinal @entity4 and subretinal fluid. @entity4607 arose within the nerve fiber layer and sometimes with a "moth-eaten" or cavitary appearance. @entity989 ( @entity989 ) lesions such as @entity1184 of @entity989 appeared flat with shadowing, occasional subretinal cleft, and abrupt photoreceptor loss. @entity4607 showed an abrupt elevation from the inner retina with crisp, dark posterior shadowing. Combined hamartoma of the retina/ @entity989 showed vitreoretinal traction causing "sawtooth mini-peak" or gently "maxi-peak" folding of the retina. @entity989 @entity652 often produces remote macular @entity4 or @entity5 has an irregular, "rugged" surface with deep shadowing. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography shows characteristic patterns that are suggestive of certain retinal and @entity989 @entity5 .

title: Review of spectral domain-enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of XXXX of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium in @entity1 and adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity279 :: ('MESH:D018325', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemangioblastoma', 'Hemangioblastoma', 'hemangioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'epiretinal membrane and the tumor']

entities_list: @entity12621 :: ('MESH:D019572', 'Disease') :: ['retinal tumors', 'retinal and retinal pigment epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal pigment epithelial', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital simple hamartoma', 'Astrocytic hamartoma', 'astrocytic hamartoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma', 'Small exophytic retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of diffusion-weighted MR imaging with single-shot echoplanar imaging in characterizing focal @entity99 by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diffusion-weighted imaging on a 1.5-T MR unit was performed in 46 @entity1 with 74 known focal @entity99 (11 @entity2695 , 15 @entity3 , and 48 @entity157 [ @entity157 ]). Mean values for ADCs and CNRs of all lesions were calculated. Mean values for CNRs with diffusion-weighted imaging were also compared with those for breath-hold T2-weighted fast spin-echo images. RESULTS: The mean values for ADCs were different for each type of @entity5 (5.39 x 10(-3) @entity202 / @entity8639 .23 in @entity2695 , 2.85 x 10(-3) @entity202 /sec +/- 0.59 in @entity3 , and 3.84 x 10(-3) @entity202 /sec +/- 0.92 in @entity157 ), and each of them was significantly greater than the mean values for ADCs of the normal liver (2.28 x 10(-3) @entity202 / @entity8639 .23 in normal liver [p < .05] except @entity3 versus normal liver [p < .1]). Also, the mean values for ADCs were based on differences of ADC values. Only four (6%) of 63 @entity5 (three @entity157 and one @entity3 ) could not be differentiated from @entity2695 . The mean value for CNRs with diffusion-weighted images (14.4 +/- 8.54 in HCC and 29.0 +/- 6.79 in @entity3 ) was significantly higher than the mean values for CNRs obtained with T2-weighted fast spin-echo images in both @entity3 and @entity157 (p < .05), whereas no significant difference was seen for @entity2695 . CONCLUSION: Mean values for ADCs differed for the three types of the @entity99 and were higher than ADCs of the normal liver. We suggest that diffusion-weighted imaging may be useful for increased detection of @entity157 and @entity3 and in distinguishing these entities from @entity2695 .

title: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging with a single-shot echoplanar sequence: detection and characterization of focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCCs', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the occurrence of common variable @entity465 ( @entity6078 ) in a @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) and @entity4932 -associated @entity1596 . METHODS/RESULTS: Case report. A 29-year-old @entity1 was followed-up since the age of 10 years because of right eye @entity4932 -associated recurrent anterior @entity1596 . She was treated with @entity230 and immunosuppressants with good control of @entity1596 and @entity625 . At the age of 17 years, she did not experience any further relapse of @entity1596 or @entity625 and both diseases were considered to be in remission. Concomitantly, she started to have recurrent infections and later she underwent splenectomy because of @entity5506 and @entity882 . Liver biopsy disclosed @entity99 . She was ultimately diagnosed with @entity6078 at the age of 23 years when her blood tests revealed @entity1398 and severe panhypogammaglobulinemia. She has been treated since then with intravenous immunoglobulins with good control of the disease. Since the development of @entity6078 , she has had no relapses of @entity1596 or @entity625 during a follow-up period of 12 years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ) is the most common @entity465 where defective antibody formation is the most common feature with B-cell differentiation failure. @entity2194 have been rarely documented and included @entity6063 , @entity4816 and @entity5278 . We herein report on the occurrence of @entity4932 -associated @entity1596 as a comorbid manifestation of @entity6078 . We speculate a role for B cells in the pathogenesis of @entity4932 and @entity4932 -associated @entity1596 here, as this @entity1 had total remission of both conditions with the onset of @entity6078 .

title: Resolution of @entity4932 -associated @entity1596 after development of common variable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity6078 :: ('MESH:D017074', 'Disease') :: ['Common variable immunodeficiency', 'CVID']

entities_list: @entity5278 :: ('MESH:C537374', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal choroiditis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6063 :: ('MESH:D003234', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency', 'immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiency']


abstract: A significant problem in scale-down cultures, rarely studied for metabolic characterization and curdlan-producing Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749, is the presence of dissolved @entity26 (DO) gradients combined with pH control. Constant DO, between 5% and 75%, was maintained during batch fermentations by manipulating the agitation with PID system. Fermentation, metabolic and kinetic characterization studies were conducted in a scale-down system. The curdlan yield, intracellular @entity377 levels and @entity413 conversion efficiency into curdlan were significantly affected by DO concentrations. The optimum DO concentrations for curdlan production were 45-60%. The average curdlan yield, curdlan productivity and @entity413 conversion efficiency into curdlan were enhanced by 80%, 66% and 32%, respectively, compared to that at 15% DO. No apparent difference in the gel strength of the resulting curdlan was detected. The comparison of curdlan biosynthesis and cellular @entity377 levels showed that @entity35161 production had positive relationship with intracellular levels of @entity856 , @entity857 , @entity860 , @entity2125 , @entity2125 and @entity858 - @entity413 . The curdlan productivity under 45% DO and 60% DO was different during 20-50 h. However, after 60 h curdlan productivity of both conditions was similar. On that basis, a simple and reproducible two-stage DO control process for curdlan production was developed. Curdlan production yield reached 42.8 g/l, an increase of 30% compared to that of the single agitation speed control process.

title: Improved curdlan fermentation process based on optimization of dissolved XXXX combined with pH control and metabolic characterization of Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']