abstract: Obesity is an epidemic health problem related to morbidity and mortality of metabolic and @entity65 . However, little is known regarding the development of @entity66 in an @entity28 subgroup with a healthy metabolic risk profile. This study examined the prevalence of baseline metabolically healthy @entity28 subjects and its impacts on the incidences of @entity66 using a nation-wide population cohort. @entity28 were prevalent in 8.2% of the baseline population and 28.5% of the @entity28 subjects. Subjects included were 1,547 @entity1 and @entity1 (age range, 18-59 years), who were free of components of the @entity209 except waist criteria. During an average 5.4-year follow-up, the cumulative incidences of @entity101 , @entity2175 were 7.8%, 1.2% and 5.6%, respectively. The hazard ratios (95% CIs) for the @entity209 incidence were significantly higher at BMI levels of >=23.0 kg/m   [4.68 (2.22-9.86)] for BMI of 23-24.9 kg/m  ; 8.82 (4.01-19.4) for BMI of 25-26.9 kg/m  ; and 24.43 (12.33-48.41) for BMI of >=27 kg/m  ). The hazard ratios for @entity6 or @entity101 incidence were significantly higher at BMI levels of >=25.0 kg/m2. Each kg/m   of BMI gained was associated with an 18% increase in the risk of developing @entity101 and a 26% increase in risk for the @entity209 . We conclude that metabolically healthy @entity28 individuals are at higher risk to develop @entity101 , @entity2175 than their non- @entity28 counterparts. Our data provide further evidence that opposes the notion of metabolically healthy @entity28 as harmless conditions.

title: Prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity and its impacts on incidences of XXXX , @entity6 and the @entity209 in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolically healthy obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: This review and case report address the rare complication of @entity3554 in @entity1 with @entity1072 . OVERVIEW: @entity1072 is the most common form of @entity1778 , with more than 200,000 cases reported in the past 20 years. An uncommon @entity66 is central nervous system invasion. To date, only 21 cases have been reported, and their presenting symptoms have been heterogeneous and often nonspecific, including @entity10 , @entity129 , @entity911 , @entity2055 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and fever. The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of a clonal population of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment is either intrathecal or intraventricular chemotherapy with adjuvant radiation therapy or radiation alone. Prognosis is improved by prompt and aggressive therapy. In this case report, a 61-year-old @entity1 developed severe @entity2055 , vertigo, and @entity10 4 weeks after diagnosis with otherwise asymptomatic @entity1072 . After treatment with both radiation to the head and neck and intrathecal methotrexate the @entity1 achieved complete symptom resolution. Thus far, no additional systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy has been necessary. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Because central nervous system invasion is uncommon in @entity1072 , it may go undiagnosed and under-reported. Providers of @entity1 with this disease need to be aware of possible central nervous system invasion when @entity1 present with cranial nerve signs or symptoms and/or nonspecific neurologic manifestations. Early identification and prompt central nervous system-directed chemotherapy can affect morbidity and quality of life positively.

title: @entity3554 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complication of the disorder']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['occipital headaches', 'headache']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal involvement']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) is one of the most common forms of @entity302 . Unfortunately, the clinical outcomes of @entity1315 cannot be determined based only on current diagnostic modalities. A better understanding of white matter (WM) connectivity changes in @entity1315 may aid the identification of @entity854 associated with @entity1315 and the phenotypic characterisation of the disease. METHODS: We implemented a novel approach for characterising microstructural changes along WM pathways using diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI). Along-the-tract measures were compared for 32 subjects with left @entity1315 and 36 age-matched and gender-matched controls along the left and right fimbria-fornix (FF), parahippocampal WM bundle (PWMB), @entity1019 ( @entity1019 ), @entity75 ( @entity75 ), uncinate fasciculus (UF) and cingulum bundle (CB). Limbic pathways were investigated in relation to @entity410 burden and control with antiepileptic drugs. RESULTS: By evaluating measures along each tract, it was possible to identify abnormalities localised to specific tract subregions. Compared with healthy controls, subjects with @entity1315 demonstrated pathological changes in circumscribed regions of the FF, PWMB, UF, @entity1019 and @entity75 . Several of these abnormalities were detected only by kurtosis-based and not by diffusivity-based measures. Structural WM changes correlated with @entity410 burden in the bilateral PWMB and cingulum. CONCLUSIONS: DKI improves the characterisation of @entity854 associated with @entity1315 by revealing connectivity abnormalities that are not disclosed by other modalities. Since @entity1315 is a @entity528 , DKI may be well suited to fully assess @entity2526 related to @entity302 and thus serve as a tool for phenotypic characterisation of @entity302 .

title: Epilepsy-related XXXX along white matter pathways.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior longitudinal fasciculus', 'ILF']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural network abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['network abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'Temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal network disorder']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'arcuate fasciculus']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['cytoarchitectonic abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity699 ( @entity699 ) presents a remarkable preponderance in female gender, with a female-to-male ratio of 3-8:1. The aim of this study was to evaluate gender-related differences in the presentation of @entity699 , as regards: biochemical indices of @entity699 ; sensitivity of diagnostic tests; clinical features and @entity66 . METHODS: We retrospectively studied 84 adult @entity1 with @entity699 , 67 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 , evaluated at diagnosis. We compared the features of the disease between the sexes and analysed the effect of gender on @entity699 complications, adjusted for potential confounders (age, gonadal status, BMI, urinary free @entity701 values). RESULTS: We observed no differences between males and females as regards age at diagnosis, disease duration and BMI. @entity1 , compared with @entity1 , presented higher urinary free @entity701 values (P < 0  001) and ACTH values (P < 0  05). As regards diagnostic tests, @entity1 presented a lower ACTH response to DDAVP stimulation (P < 0  05). The @entity5 itself was less easily visualized by pituitary MRI in males compared with females (P < 0  05). Furthermore, some @entity66 were more frequent or more severe in @entity1 , in particular hypokalaemia (P < 0  05), @entity49 state and @entity170 at lumbar spine (P < 0  01), with consequent higher risk of @entity174 . Male gender was found to be an independent risk factor for dyslipidaemia, severity of @entity101 , lumbar @entity170 and @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity699 is less frequent in male @entity1 , in this gender, it presents with more florid clinical manifestations and may imply more diagnostic difficulties.

title: Diagnosis and complications of XXXX : gender-related differences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complications of disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumour']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Cushing's disease", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: Sixteen @entity1 complained of @entity2754 during a five-month period between May, 1987, and October, 1987. Eight @entity1 entered this study using intracavernous vasoactive drugs as treatment for their problem. The @entity1 , ages twenty-four through fifty-eight (average 42 years), were all physically healthy and taking no medications. Five @entity1 had normal findings on nocturnal tumescence monitor, while 3 @entity1 did not use the monitor. A mixture of @entity5521 , 1.0 mg/mL, and @entity3302 , 30 mg/mL, was used. The dosage required was from 0.10 mL to 0.40 mL. All 8 @entity1 responded successfully to this treatment. Three @entity1 stated they were cured and stopped the treatment. The other 5 @entity1 continued using the medication after fourteen months. The drug-induced erection lasted between two and four hours despite ejaculation. There have been no side effects through April, 1988. All @entity1 report satisfaction with the results of this treatment. The study showed that intracavernous medication therapy can be successful in the treatment of @entity2754 .

title: Intracavernous medication for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine mesylate']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

answer: @entity2754 :: (MESH:D061686,Disease) :: ['premature ejaculation']


abstract: In @entity523 ( @entity523 Mill.), auxin is believed to play a pivotal role in controlling fruit-set and early ovary growth. In this paper we investigated the effect of the reduced auxin sensitivity exhibited by the diageotropica (dgt) @entity523 mutant on ovary growth during early stage of fruit development. Here we show that in hand-pollinated ovaries fruit-set was not affected by the dgt lesion while fruit growth was reduced. This reduction was associated with a smaller cell size of mesocarp cells, with a lower mean C values and with a lower gene expression of the @entity44728 gene @entity44729 . When a synthetic auxin ( @entity44730 , @entity44731 ) was applied to the flowers of wild type plants, parthenocarpic ovary growth was induced. On the contrary, auxin application to the flowers of dgt plants failed to induce parthenocarpy. Hand-pollinated ovaries of dgt contained higher levels of @entity6207 compared to wild type and this was not associated with high transcript levels of genes encoding a key regulatory enzyme of @entity6207 biosynthesis (ToFZYs) but with lower expression levels of GH3, a gene involved in the conjugation of @entity6207 to @entity1522 . The expression of diverse Aux/ @entity6207 genes and SAUR (small auxin up-regulated RNA) was also altered in the dgt ovaries. The dgt lesion does not seem to affect specific Aux/ @entity6207 genes in terms of transcript occurrence but rather in terms of relative levels of expression. Transcript levels of Aux/ @entity6207 genes were up regulated in auxin-treated ovaries of wild-type but not in dgt. Together, our results suggest that dgt ovary cells are not able to sense and/or transduce the external auxin signal, whereas pollinated dgt ovary cells are able to detect the @entity6207 present in fertilized ovules promoting fruit development.

title: XXXX fruit development in the auxin-resistant dgt mutant is induced by pollination but not by auxin treatment.

entities_list: @entity44731 :: ('CHEBI:23152', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophenoxyacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato', 'Solanum lycopersicum']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['Tomato']


abstract: One hundred and forty episodes in 112 @entity1 (58 @entity1 ) with @entity6 (96 episodes) and @entity6 (44 episodes) were studied to elucidate the clinical and laboratory risk factors for altered level of consciousness at presentation and to analyze the outcome of a distinct protocol in the treatment of @entity6 . The @entity1 were analyzed according to demographic data and clinical and laboratory findings at admission. The treatment protocol involved use of 0.45% @entity2827 ( @entity1219 ) in 2.5% @entity413 as the initial fluid therapy following volume expansion. Dextrose content of the fluid was doubled once the serum @entity413 level fell below 250 mg/dl. The mean ages at presentation with @entity6 and @entity1270 were 10.3 +/- 4.4 and 10.2 +/- 4.0 years, respectively. Thirty-one percent of @entity1 had altered consciousness at presentation. The level of consciousness correlated negatively with serum @entity3157 level (r=-0.485; p<0.001). A serum @entity3157 level below 15 mmol/L was a risk factor for altered consciousness. There was no correlation between effective osmolality and the level of consciousness. Serum effective osmolality above 320 mOsm/kg @entity2507 did not appear to be a risk factor for altered consciousness. No mortality or any signs of clinical @entity2657 were observed in @entity1 treated with the distinct treatment protocol. In conclusion, @entity520 appears to be the major factor in the pathogenesis of altered consciousness at presentation. Serum effective osmolality does not seem to be a risk factor as suggested previously. @entity413 added to the infusion fluid early in treatment seems to prevent the development of @entity2657 , and this may be due to a protective effect of higher osmolality in the resultant solution.

title: Ten-year experience in management of @entity6 and XXXX : 140 episodes at pediatric age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis', 'diabetic ketosis']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Dextrose', 'dextrose']

answer: @entity1270 :: (MESH:D007662,Disease) :: ['ketosis']


abstract: Heart valve surgery evolved since the early 1960s toward routine clinical application with good @entity1 outcome. Different surgical techniques and valve prostheses have been developed. Thus standard procedures were continuously established. The different surgical procedures have now gained widespread clinical acceptance with good @entity1 outcomes. @entity472 and @entity339 are the most frequently acquired @entity340 in the western communities. Usually such lesions reach clinical significance in @entity1 during their fifth to eighth decade of life. Standard surgical techniques of aortic valve repair and mitral valve replacement or repair result in persistent cure of the disease. Surgical access was gained using conventional lateral thoracotomies in the early days and later on using median sternotomy. Minimally invasive techniques, mostly by a partial sternotomy for the aortic and a lateral minithoracotomy for the mitral position, have been increasingly applied to improve @entity1 outcome since the mid 1990s. At specialized centers these techniques have evolved as clinical standard allowing all different valve procedures to be safely performed. @entity1 recovery is fast leading to a significant improvement in the individual's quality of life. Minimally invasive valve surgery can be considered the standard approach and will reach more widespread clinical application.

title: Minimally invasive surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve incompetence']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['heart valve lesions']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valve disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to evaluate and provide better itinerary-specific care to precounseled travelers and to assess diseases occurring while traveling abroad by surveying a community population. An additional quality improvement initiative was to expand our post-travel survey to be a more valuable tool in gathering high-quality quantitative data. METHODS: From de-identified data collected via post-travel surveys, we identified a cohort of 525 @entity1 for a retrospective observational analysis. We analyzed illness encountered while abroad, medication use, and whether a physician was consulted. We also examined itinerary variables, including continents and countries visited. RESULTS: The 525 post-travel surveys collected showed that the majority of respondents traveled to Asia (31%) or Africa (30%). The mean number of travel days was 21.3 (median, 14). Univariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase of risk for @entity221 when comparing travel duration of less than 14 days to greater than 14 days (11.3% vs 27.7%, p   <   0.001). Duration of travel was also significant with regard to development of @entity294 ( @entity294 ) (p   =   0.0015). Destination of travel and development of @entity294 trended toward significance. @entity221 requiring a physician visit was infrequent, as were vaccine-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Despite pre-travel counseling, @entity294 was the most common illness in our cohort; expanded prevention strategies will be necessary to lower the impact that @entity5163 has on generally healthy travelers. Overall rates of illness did not vary by destination; however, there was a strong association between duration of travel and likelihood of illness. To further identify specific variables contributing to travel-related disease, including @entity1 co-morbidities, reason for travel, and accommodations, the post-travel survey has been modified and expanded. A limitation of this study was the low survey response rate (18%); to improve the return rate, we plan to implement supplemental modalities including email and a web-based database.

title: A quality improvement initiative using a novel travel survey to promote XXXX -centered counseling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['TD', "traveler's diarrhea"]

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Serious illness', 'general illness']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The assessment of a @entity1 with @entity662 calls for a high degree of clinical acumen and a high degree of suspicion that the diagnosis might be @entity1151 . This area is one of the most difficult in A_E medicine (and indeed chest medicine). One error is to "think the best" when considering the diagnosis in such @entity1 but experience soon teaches to "think PE" and diagnose less serious conditions only when @entity1151 has been excluded. A key consideration is the presence of risk factors. Because the diagnosis is difficult, there should be no hesitation in requesting a senior opinion or referring to the inpatient medical team. We have produced an algorithm (fig 1) for the investigation and management of @entity662 as discussed in this article. Three questions relating to this article are: (1) Can @entity1151 be the diagnosis in a @entity1 with @entity662 but a normal chest radiograph, ECG, and arterial blood gases? (2) What is the chest radiograph abnormality which is most likely to alert you to the possibility of @entity1151 ? (3) What percentage of @entity1 with a low clinical suspicion of @entity1151 but a high probability V/Q scan will have @entity1151 demonstrated on pulmonary angiography? The three key references are The PIOPED Investigators, Dalen, and Fennerty.

title: Investigation and management of XXXX with @entity662 presenting to the accident and emergency department.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritic chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study reports interim data on post-operative morbidity, hospital mortality and duration of hospital stay of Italian @entity1 undergoing extended lymph-node dissection combined with a pancreas-preserving technique for @entity356 . Of the 218 @entity1 admitted to one of eight general and/or university hospitals in North Italy, 118 were enrolled in the trial. Eligible @entity1 presented with proven primary @entity420 without clinical evidence of distant, peritoneal and/or liver @entity3 , or @entity3 in para-aortic and retropancreatic nodes at intraoperative biopsy. @entity1 underwent the extended procedure as described by the Japanese Research Society for the Study of @entity356 , following the Maruyama pancreas-preserving technique. A strict quality control system was used to ensure the performance of a standard surgical treatment. A surgeon of the reference centre (M.D.), who stayed at the National @entity5 Center Hospital in Tokyo to learn the D2 technique from a specialist Japanese surgeon, became the trial supervisor and assisted each surgeon in all the Italian participating centres. The @entity1 were staged according both to the @entity2802 system and to the General Rules for the @entity356 Study in Surgery and Pathology. Post-operative surgical complications developed in 21 @entity1 (17.8%). The non-surgical complication rate was 2.5%. Reoperation was necessary in six @entity1 (5%), all of whom survived. The 30-day mortality rate for the eligible group was 2.5%. The overall hospital mortality was the same. Total gastrectomy was associated with a slightly higher operative mortality (4.5% vs 1.3%). Only one @entity1 died from an @entity834 . The rate of leakages was higher after total than after distal gastrectomy (15.9 vs 5.4%); the association of splenectomy and pancreatectomy worsened the morbidity rate. D2 lymphadenectomy with pancreas-preserving technique, when performed at experienced centres, seems a feasible and safe technique for the radical treatment of @entity356 in selected Western @entity1 .

title: Extended lymph node dissection for XXXX : results of a prospective, multi-centre analysis of morbidity and mortality in 118 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Although several reports have been published on recombinant protein expression using @entity238 cells, information on their metabolism and growth in vitro is relatively scarce. In the present study, we have analyzed the growth and metabolism of transfected S2 cells (S2AcRVGP) in bioreactor cultures with serum-free medium Sf900 II, to evaluate its potential for mass production of a @entity17839 glycoprotein (RVGP). Cells were cultured in a 3 l-stirred-tank bioreactor at 28 degrees C with pH controlled at 6.2 and dissolved @entity26 at 50% air saturation. The cells attained a specific growth rate and maximum cell density as high as 0.084 h(-1) and 2.3 x 10(7 )cell ml(-1), respectively. The main substrates consumed during this rapid growth phase were @entity413 , @entity1160 and @entity1521 . An atypical accumulation of @entity3265 and @entity493 was observed in the culture medium, up to 62 mM and 47 mM, respectively, but @entity880 was produced in low levels. After exhaustion of @entity1160 and @entity1521 as energy sources, @entity493 was consumed and production of @entity3265 increased. The production of recombinant RVGP reached concentrations as high as 178 mug l(-1). Premature exhaustion of @entity1160 , @entity563 and @entity462 could be related to degradation of the recombinant glycoprotein. In general, the results demonstrated that S2AcRVGP can be considered an effective vehicle for large-scale recombinant glycoprotein expression and that several critical factors of the bioprocess could be optimized to increase the quality and productivity of the RVGP.

title: Bioreactor culture of recombinant XXXX S2 cells: characterization of metabolic features related to cell growth and production of the @entity17839 glycoprotein.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some reports have suggested that, in vitro, @entity1 heart @entity3920 in homogenates contributes little to angiotensin (Ang) II formation in the presence of natural protease inhibitors such as alpha-antitrypsin. We studied whether @entity3920 bound to heparin, resembling an in vivo form, could contribute to Ang II formation in the presence of natural protease inhibitors. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Ang II formation was increased time-dependently after incubation in an extract (1 mg of protein/mL) of @entity1 vascular tissues containing Ang I. The concentration of Ang II in the extract after incubation for 30 minutes was 1.67+/-0.06 nmol/mL, and we regarded this quantity of Ang II as 100%. The Ang II formation was inhibited 10%, 95%, and 96% by 1 micromol/L lisinopril, 100 micromol/L @entity8261 , and 0.1 g/L alpha-antitrypsin, respectively. The extract was applied to a heparin affinity column. After the column was washed with PBS, the eluted PBS contained a weak Ang II-forming activity, which was completely inhibited by @entity3593 . The eluted PBS, to which >0.8 mol/L @entity1219 had been added, showed a strong Ang II-forming activity which was inhibited by @entity8261 and alpha-antitrypsin. After the application of the extract, the column was washed with PBS and then an Ang I solution in PBS was applied to the column. The Ang II formation in the PBS eluted from the incubated column was increased time-dependently. The concentration of Ang II in the PBS (1 mL) eluted from the column after incubation for 30 minutes was 2.56+/-0.28 nmol/mL, and we regarded this quantity of Ang II as 100%. To study the effects of inhibitors, the extract (1 mg of protein/mL) was applied to a heparin affinity column (1 mL) which was preequilibrated with PBS (3 mL); 100 micromol/L @entity8261 or 0.1 g/L alpha-antitrypsin in PBS (1 mL) was then applied to the column. After the column was washed with PBS (3 mL), Ang I solution (1 mg/mL) in PBS was applied to the column, and the column was incubated for 30 minutes. The Ang II formation in the PBS eluted from the column was suppressed up to 5% by application of @entity8261 , although this was not affected by application of alpha-antitrypsin. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity1 @entity3920 bound to heparin plays a functional role in Ang II formation in the presence of natural protease inhibitors such as alpha-antitrypsin.

title: @entity3920 -dependent angiotensin II formation in XXXX vascular tissue.

entities_list: @entity8261 :: ('MESH:C002101', 'Chemical') :: ['chymostatin']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1) @entity7334 of the @entity8546 are associated with severe long-term consequences for function and @entity158 . The condition of the soft tissues is of paramount importance when determining the method of treatment,the timing of surgery, and the @entity130 rehabilitation.2) @entity7334 are difficult to fully evaluate with plain radiographs. Computed tomography may assist in assessing the @entity174 pattern and planning for surgery. The likelihood of a good to excellent outcome is increased when an anatomic reduction is obtained.3) The outcome after operative management is difficult to characterize and appears to be influenced by factors related to the @entity174 , the @entity1 , and the experience of the institution where the @entity1 obtains treatment.All these factors should be factors in the decision to operate, but no single factor reliably determines the most appropriate treatment.4) Open reduction and internal fixation through an extensile approach achieves acceptable results in carefully selected @entity1 . The use of a limited exposure with minimally invasive techniques may decrease the incidence of wound complications. However, this option is technically demanding and the quality of the reduction achieved may be more difficult to obtain and determine intraoperatively. @entity4422 should be promptly debrided. The choice of fixation after reduction is based on the surgeons assessment of the soft tissue and the risk of @entity281 .5) Post-traumatic @entity625 of the subtalar joint is a common complication. Successful salvage can be achieved with a subtalar arthrodesis. However, these results may be influenced by the institution at which the initial management was rendered.

title: Current concepts review: intra-articular @entity174 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['Open fractures']

entities_list: @entity8546 :: ('MESH:C566069', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['Intra-articular fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity8546 :: (MESH:C566069,Disease) :: ['calcaneus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We present a 5-year-old female with a distinctive phenotype comprising global developmental delays, pre- and post-natal growth restriction, striking joint laxity with soft skin, and @entity1635 . She had a triangular facies, a prominent forehead, proptosis, a small nose, and a small jaw. Her ocular findings included @entity29651 , @entity1539 and optic nerve, and posterior subcapsular @entity231 . Exome sequencing identified homozygosity for @entity48390 , predicting @entity48391 , in the xylosylprotein 4-beta-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 7 ( @entity23213 ) gene. Variant segregation was consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance and the missense substitution was predicted to be pathogenic. As the phenotype of this @entity1 is consistent with that @entity5 , we conclude that p.( @entity48391 ) is likely to be disease-causing. The eye features were a notable part of this @entity1 's presentation and mutations in the linkeropathy genes ( @entity23871 , @entity31710 , @entity23213 , @entity48392 , and @entity37725 ) can be associated with ocular findings, including @entity6926 , @entity2516 , @entity29651 , strabismus, @entity346 , @entity231 , @entity726 , and @entity989 , including @entity1713 . The @entity29651 and @entity231 in this @entity1 may thus have been caused by her @entity23213 mutation, but the @entity4643 are a novel phenotypic finding. However, a different genetic etiology or a role for modifying genetic factors has not been excluded in the etiology of her @entity4643 .    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Corneal clouding, XXXX , and @entity4643 with a novel missense mutation in @entity23213 -a review of eye anomalies in the linkeropathy syndromes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['colobomas of the iris']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['described in other "linkeropathy" syndromes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4643 :: ('MESH:D003103', 'Disease') :: ['colobomas']

entities_list: @entity48391 :: ('p|SUB|C|324|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Cys324Ser', 'p.(Cys324Ser)']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['blue sclerae']

entities_list: @entity29651 :: ('MESH:C535990', 'Disease') :: ['corneal clouding']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: The objective of this study was to find differences in outcome and complications using three different types of devices for percutaneous @entity118 ( @entity118 ) closure in adults. Percutaneous closure of a secundum-type @entity118 is increasingly performed in adult @entity1 . All adult @entity1 who underwent a percutaneous closure of a secundum-type @entity118 in our center between November 1996 and November 2004 were included. Failure was defined as dislocation or embolization of the device, which required surgical intervention. Periprocedural and mid-term complications were registered. Sixty-five @entity1 , mean age 45.7+/-18.1 years (18 @entity1 , 47 @entity1 ), underwent a percutaneous closure of an @entity118 with an ASDOS in 3, an Amplatzer in 36, and a Cardioseal/Starflex closure device in 26 @entity1 . During an overall median follow-up of 1.2 years (range, 0.1-6.7 years), the failure occurred in four @entity1 , all Cardioseal/Starflex (P=0.04). Within the Cardioseal/Starflex subgroup, the @entity118 and device diameters were significantly higher in those @entity1 in whom the primary endpoint occurred compared to the others, 18.8+/-3.8 vs. 13.0+/-3.8 mm for @entity118 diameter (P=0.01) and 40 (range, 40-43) vs. 33 mm (range, 20-40) for device diameter (P=0.008). Overall complications were transient @entity943 in 15.4%, pericardial effusion in 1.5%, and transient @entity63 attack in 1.5%. Complete closure 6 months after the procedure occurred in 79.6%, without difference between the devices. Percutaneous @entity118 closure seems to be a relatively safe and effective procedure. However, using the larger Cardioseal/Starflex devices for closure seems to be related to a higher rate of @entity887 .

title: Comparison of outcome and complications using different types of devices for percutaneous closure of a secundum XXXX in adults: a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['device dislocation and embolization']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: One of the major abiotic stresses that affect plant growth and development is @entity519 or @entity519 . Plants respond to @entity519 by regulation of gene expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Genes involved in such regulation are expected to be expressed soon after onset of @entity519 . To date, however, anaerobically regulated genes that have been characterized predominantly encode enzymes for @entity36797 metabolism, and are induced after several hours of anaerobic conditions. Early induced genes, those responding after 1-2 h of @entity519 , have not been studied extensively. To study the early anaerobic response we investigated the most flooding-tolerant variety of @entity579 , FR13A (flood-resistant). We used differential display techniques to identify cDNA fragments representing mRNAs that are induced within 90 min of @entity519 . We isolated two cDNA fragments and one full-length cDNA that were induced to high levels. These cDNAs were found to be members of a family of 2-3 genes, which were called the aie (anaerobically inducible early) gene family. Northern blot analyses showed that the mRNA levels of aie genes peaked after 1.5 to 3 h of @entity519 and were still at high levels after 72 h of @entity519 . RNase protection assays showed 4-5 different protected bands indicating multiple transcripts from the aie gene family. Sequence analyses of the full-length cDNA showed an open reading frame that putatively encodes a 14 kDa protein of 127 @entity535 residues. Neither the @entity377 nor the deduced @entity535 sequences of this gene showed any significant homology to any known genes or proteins present in the GenBank or SwissProt databases. This novel gene, that is induced so early under @entity519 in plants, may play an important role in plant metabolism under anaerobic conditions.

title: An anaerobically inducible early (aie) gene family from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity36797 :: ('CHEBI:33447', 'Chemical') :: ['sugar phosphate']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate MR imaging findings of the common extensor tendon in @entity1 with @entity2633 and asymptomatic volunteers studied on a 0.2-T dedicated system. In 23 @entity1 (age range 29-58 years, mean age 47 years) with clinical symptoms of @entity2633 MR imaging was performed using T1-, T2- and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo sequences. In addition, the elbows of seven healthy volunteers (age range 22-29 years, mean age 25 years) and the symptom-free contralateral elbow of 11 of the 23 @entity1 (age range 29-58 years, mean age 47 years) were studied as controls. Five @entity1 were surgically treated after the MR examination and the results of histopathology were correlated with MR findings. Of the @entity1 , 95.6 % showed intratendinous signal intensity changes on T1-weighted images on the symptomatic side. In 69.6 % signal alterations were observed on T2-weighted sequences and in 56.5 % an intratendinous contrast enhancement was present. Histopathology showed fibrovascular proliferation and @entity528 in @entity1 with distinct signal intensity changes and contrast enhancement. @entity1 with only minor signal intensity changes on T1- and T2-weighted sequences and no contrast enhancement demonstrated @entity528 and intratendinous cartilage formation in histopathology. The contralateral elbow showed signal intensity changes in 6 of 11 (54.5 %) cases on T1-weighted images and in 3 of 11 (27.3 %) on T2-weighted images. In the group of healthy volunteers minor signal intensity changes of the common extensor tendon could be seen in only 1 case. In @entity1 with @entity2633 of the elbow the type and extent of pathologic changes within the common extensor tendon can be evaluated using a dedicated low-field MR system. On the basis of MR imaging findings a more specified therapy planning among the variety of treatment modalities can be achieved.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of XXXX of the elbow with a 0.2-T dedicated system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosclerotic degeneration', 'fatty degeneration']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: Even though @entity7467 virus (NDV) live vaccine strains can be applied to 1-day-old @entity1573 , they are pathogenic to @entity1573 embryos when given in ovo 3 days before hatch. Based on the reverse genetics system, we modified recombinant NDV (rNDV) established from lentogenic vaccine strain Clone 30 by introducing specific mutations within the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins, which have recently been suggested as being responsible for attenuation of selected vaccine variants (Mast et al. Vaccine 24:1756-1765, 2006) resulting in rNDV49. Another recombinant (rNDVGu) was generated to correct sequence differences between rNDV and vaccine strain NDV Clone 30. Recombinant viruses rNDV, rNDV49, and rNDVGu have reduced virulence compared with NDV Clone 30, represented by lower intracerebral pathogenicity indices and elevated mean death time. After in ovo inoculation, hatchability was comparable for all infected groups. However, only one @entity1573 from the NDV Clone 30 group survived a 21-day observation period; whereas, the survival rate of hatched chicks from groups receiving recombinant NDV was between 40% and 80%, with rNDVGu being the most pathogenic virus. Furthermore, recombinant viruses induced protection against @entity281 with virulent NDV 21 days post hatch. Differences in antibody response of recombinant viruses indicate that immunogenicity is correlated to virulence. In summary, our data show that point mutations can reduce virulence of NDV. However, alteration of specific @entity1522 in F and HN proteins of rNDV did not lead to further attenuation as indicated by their pathogenicity for @entity1573 after in ovo inoculation.

title: Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of different recombinant XXXX virus clone 30 variants after in ovo vaccination.

entities_list: @entity7467 :: ('MESH:D009521', 'Disease') :: ['Newcastle disease']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['challenge infection']

answer: @entity7467 :: (MESH:D009521,Disease) :: ['Newcastle disease']


abstract: Rotaviruses, which infect mature enterocytes of the small intestine, are recognized as the most important cause of @entity1800 in young @entity1 . We have previously reported that @entity6425 induces microvillar F-actin disassembly in @entity1 intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells (N. Jourdan, J. P. Brunet, C. Sapin, A. Blais, J. Cotte-Laffitte, F. Forestier, A. M. Quero, G. Trugnan, and A. L. Servin, J. Virol. 72:7228-7236, 1998). In this study, to determine the mechanism responsible for rotavirus-induced F-actin alteration, we investigated the effect of @entity281 on intracellular @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ](i)) in Caco-2 cells, since @entity141 is known to be a determinant factor for actin cytoskeleton regulation. As measured by @entity6028 fluorescence, viral replication induced a progressive increase in [ @entity141 ](i) from 7 h postinfection, which was shown to be necessary and sufficient for microvillar F-actin disassembly. During the first hours of @entity281 , the increase in [ @entity141 ](i) was related only to an increase in @entity141 permeability of plasmalemma. At a late stage of @entity281 , [ @entity141 ](i) elevation was due to both extracellular @entity141 influx and @entity141 release from the intracellular organelles, mainly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We noted that at this time the [ @entity141 ](i) increase was partially related to a phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent mechanism, which probably explains the @entity141 release from the ER. We also demonstrated for the first time that viral proteins or peptides, released into culture supernatants of rotavirus-infected Caco-2 cells, induced a transient increase in [ @entity141 ](i) of uninfected Caco-2 cells, by a PLC-dependent efflux of @entity141 from the ER and by extracellular @entity141 influx. These supernatants induced a @entity141 -dependent microvillar F-actin alteration in uninfected Caco-2 cells, thus participating in rotavirus pathogenesis.

title: XXXX induces an increase in intracellular @entity460 concentration in @entity1 intestinal epithelial cells: role in microvillar actin alteration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infection']

answer: @entity6425 :: (MESH:D012400,Disease) :: ['Rotavirus infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prelingually deaf @entity1 usually gain only a rudimentary command of speech and prefer sign language to communicate within the deaf community without the handicap they experience in the hearing world. Maintaining social contact within this rather scattered community, however, requires higher degrees of social initiative and mobility. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantity and quality of social integration among a group of prelingually deaf @entity161 @entity1 (n = 49) and two control groups comprising prelingually deaf @entity146 but non- @entity716 @entity1 (n = 38) and hearing @entity161 @entity1 (n = 30), with account being taken of the special socialisation conditions of deaf @entity1 and of their cultural standards and values. METHOD: Data were collected with the help of semi-structured interviews; with the deaf @entity1 these were conducted in German sign language. Using rating procedures we assessed seven social support components, selected items from a history schedule for @entity161 , and the probands' @entity227 . RESULTS: The social networks of the two deaf groups were found to have larger gaps than those of the hearing @entity161 @entity1 , with significant differences being registered most clearly in the comparison between deaf @entity161 and hearing @entity161 @entity1 . @entity227 of the two deaf groups revealed a substantial deficit among the deaf schizophrenics. @entity227 were found to correlate more strongly than verbal language skills with the social support components. CONCLUSION: @entity2319 has a strong impact on the course of @entity161 . In the long run, many of these @entity1 belong to a "minority within a minority".

title: Comorbidity of XXXX and @entity2319 : its impact on social network structures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Comparison of the verbal and visual language skills', 'Visual language skills', 'visual and verbal language skills']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['Prelingual deafness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Alterations in serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in ponies with experimentally induced @entity409 were investigated. @entity16 was induced, using a nonlethal dose of @entity4314 . In a separate group of ponies, @entity3883 was induced by surgical ligation of the common bile duct. Over a 6-day period, blood samples were obtained from ponies after treatment with @entity4314 and for 12 days in ponies subjected to surgery. Serum @entity165 and @entity412 concentrations were unaffected in both groups of ponies, except for significantly (P less than 0.01) high @entity412 concentration in ponies of the ligated group during the second postsurgical week. This increase was most likely attributable to anorexia observed during that period. @entity3638 was observed early in ponies of the ligated group; most of the @entity648 was of the conjugated type. Using electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal methods, serum lipoprotein alterations were detected only in ponies of the ligated group. Increases of very low-density and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations and decrease in high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentration were found. Although no changes were seen in total serum @entity165 concentration, a redistribution of lipoprotein @entity165 was observed in ponies of the ligated group. Similar alterations in lipoprotein distribution have been found in @entity235 , @entity35 , and @entity1 beings with @entity3883 and @entity1448 . The association between serum lecithin: @entity165 acyl transferase activities and these lipoprotein alterations remains to be elucidated.

title: Serum lipid and lipoprotein changes in ponies with experimentally induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular damage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if a policy of universal fetal echocardiography for all pregnant @entity6 @entity1 is cost-effective as a screening tool for @entity4297 . STUDY DESIGN: Using a decision-analysis model, we compared the cost-effectiveness of four screening strategies: (1) none--no ultrasound is performed; (2) selective fetal echocardiography after abnormal detailed anatomic survey; (3) fetal echocardiography for only high hemoglobin @entity3916 , and (4) universal fetal echocardiography for all @entity6 . The sensitivity and specificity for each strategy were derived by literature search. The analysis was from a societal perspective using a willingness-to-pay threshold (50,000 dollars) and a theoretic cohort of 40,000 pregnant @entity6 . Costs included costs of tests and the costs of complications and of raising a @entity1 with a @entity299 . Outcomes were reported as cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained for each @entity4297 prevented by each strategy and the number of @entity4297 detected. One-way, multiway and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: Compared with the other strategies, selective fetal echocardiography after abnormal detailed anatomic survey costs less per QALY gained for @entity299 screening. Although universal fetal echocardiography was associated with a higher detection rate for @entity299 , it was more costly. The sensitivity analyses revealed a robust model over a wide range of values. CONCLUSION: Under the baseline assumptions, selective fetal echocardiography after an abnormal detailed anatomic survey is more cost-effective compared with universal fetal echocardiography as a screening strategy for @entity299 in pregnant @entity6 .

title: Should all pregnant XXXX @entity1 undergo a fetal echocardiography? A cost-effectiveness analysis comparing four screening strategies.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defect', 'cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects', 'congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no studies examining superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) repair combined with repair of large to massive rotator cuff tears, and it is unclear whether a combined SLAP repair would lead to better outcomes than @entity427 tenotomy. HYPOTHESIS: Tenotomy and rotator cuff repair would lead to better outcomes compared with those of combined SLAP and rotator cuff repair. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: Our study population consisted of 36 @entity1 who had undergone either combined SLAP and rotator cuff repair (when the @entity427 was too healthy to cut; group R = 16 @entity1 ) or tenotomy and rotator cuff repair (when any fraying or partial tear existed in the @entity427 tendon; group T = 20 @entity1 ) for concomitant type II SLAP lesions and large to massive rotator cuff tears. The cuff repair was performed in a single row for both groups. Outcomes were assessed by comparing range of motion as well as Simple Shoulder Test (SST), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) scores between the 2 groups. RESULTS: At the 2-year follow-up, both groups demonstrated significant improvements in functional shoulder scores and range of motion. However, group T had better SST scores (group T, 9.3    1.6; group R, 7.8    1.9; P = .012), ASES scores (group T, 88.6    8.9; group R, 80.4   8.9; P = .009), UCLA scores (group T, 29.6    3.0; group R, 26.0    4.2; P = .007), and forward flexion (group T, 145.9      13.0  ; group R, 132.5      15.3  ; P = .008). The mean tear size and the degree of preoperative @entity2057 and @entity1560 on magnetic resonance imaging were similar between the groups. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with concomitant type II SLAP lesions and large to massive rotator cuff tears, the outcomes of simultaneous arthroscopic SLAP and rotator cuff repair were inferior to those of @entity427 and cuff repair in terms of functional shoulder scores and range of motion. Biceps tenotomy and rotator cuff repair may be a more reliable method to address concomitant type II SLAP lesions and large to massive rotator cuff tears in @entity1 , although a randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm the results.

title: Arthroscopic repair of concomitant type II SLAP lesions in large to massive rotator cuff tears: comparison with XXXX tenotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['biceps', 'arthroscopic biceps tenotomy']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

answer: @entity427 :: (MESH:D012021,Disease) :: ['biceps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Papillary fibroelastomas are rare, @entity4617 . They are predominantly asymptomatic. However, they can lead to serious complications, namely @entity1031 events. Symptomatic lesions can be managed primarily with surgical excision and valvular preservation. Controversy exists as to the management of asymptomatic lesions. METHODS: All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity299 between 1996 and 2012 at a single institution were queried for clinical and pathologic characteristics. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 with 29 lesions were identified. Most lesions were solitary, less than 1.0 cm in diameter, and occurred in @entity1 greater than 60 years of age. The most common presentation was @entity1031 complication. All were managed successfully with surgical excision. One @entity1 developed a recurrence or metachronous lesion within 3 months of initial surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Papillary fibroelastomas are rare, benign, predominantly asymptomatic @entity4617 that can cause potentially serious complications. The natural history and etiology of papillary fibroelastomas are largely unknown. Controversy exists over the management of asymptomatic lesions. However, there is consensus that symptomatic lesions should undergo surgical excision with valvular preservation when possible. A unique case of a possible papillary fibroelastoma recurrence is also described.

title: Surgical experience with XXXX over a 15-year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumors', 'benign cardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac papillary fibroelastoma']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac papillary fibroelastoma']


abstract: The Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) is a @entity1460 -derived @entity563 protease inhibitor with anti-inflammatory properties. @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) serves as an animal model of the central nervous system (CNS) @entity32 @entity15 ( @entity15 ). @entity6503 is mediated by @entity630 and Th17 cells which migrate into the CNS and initiate @entity32 directed against myelin components, resulting in CNS pathology and neurological clinical deficit. We have shown previously that oral treatment with BBI delays onset of @entity6503 and reduces its severity. These beneficial effects were associated with an increase in @entity1618 secretion by immune cells of BBI-treated @entity19 . It is not known, however, whether this was a causal relationship or simply an epiphenomenon. In the present study we provide evidence that BBI regulates CD4+ T cell immune responses in @entity6503 . BBI administration delayed the onset of @entity6503 and reduced its severity in an @entity1618 -dependent manner, as BBI-mediated suppression of @entity6503 was abrogated in @entity1618 knockout @entity19 . The beneficial effects were accompanied by reduced IFN-y, @entity636 and increased @entity1618 production, as well as increased @entity3744 expression. CD4+ T cells were the major source of @entity1618 in the periphery and in the CNS during BBI treatment. Furthermore, BBI-treated @entity19 had reduced numbers of infiltrated cells in the CNS, including Th17 cells, as compared with PBS-treated control animals. In conclusion, our data provide clear evidence for the essential role of @entity1618 in BBI-mediated suppression in @entity6503 , and indicate that BBI may be a promising candidate for the development of a novel @entity15 therapy.

title: XXXX plays a crucial role in suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by Bowman-Birk inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1618 :: (16153(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Interleukin-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Several factors are reportedly associated with an adverse outcome in @entity6675 , including mode of delivery, in utero diagnosis, type of closure, concurrent anomalies, @entity8593 , and @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ). Since 1969, the authors have treated 185 @entity1 who had @entity6675 . The authors analyzed their database to identify variables associated with increased morbidity and mortality. METHODS: A retrospective study of all @entity1 with @entity6675 treated at our institution in the last 30 years was performed. The characteristics of survivors and nonsurvivors were compared. A logistic regression analysis was performed, with survival as the dependent variable, and the following parameters as independent variables: in utero diagnosis, mode of delivery, gestational age and birth weight, era of repair, type of closure, presence of other associated anomalies, @entity8593 , and development of @entity3166 . Further logistic regression analysis was performed, with various indicators of morbidity as dependent variables. These included development of @entity295 , @entity29 related to the closure or to the silo. No attempt at long-term follow-up was made. RESULTS: A total of 185 @entity1 with @entity6675 were treated at our institution from 1969 to 1999. Mean gestational age was 36.6 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 2,501 g. A total of 21 @entity1 had @entity8593 . @entity3166 developed in 8 @entity1 . Six @entity1 had other serious anomalies. The overall survival rate was 91%. Survival improved in last 2 decades (94%). There were no differences in gestational age, birth weight and mode of delivery, method of closure, or presence of @entity8593 between survivors and nonsurvivors. Only the era of repair (P = .002), presence of @entity3166 (P = .044), and presence of other @entity154 (P < .001) correlated with mortality in the logistic regression analysis. @entity295 , @entity1744 , and closure complications accounted for most of the morbidity. Analysis of these three morbidity factors identified low gestational age (P = .038) and development of @entity3166 (P = .020) as independent predictors of @entity295 . Closure complications were only associated with lower birth weight (P = .006). No predictors of @entity1744 were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Mode of delivery, method of closure, birth weight and gestational age, and the presence of @entity8593 do not appear to correlate with survival in @entity1 with @entity6675 . Only the presence of another @entity154 , the era of repair, and the development of @entity3166 were associated with increased mortality. Degree of prematurity and development of @entity1964 were associated with an increased incidence of septic complications. Low birth weight was a marker for closure complications. Type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section) had no influence on either morbidity or mortality.

title: Outcome analysis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['major anomaly', 'major anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction, and complications']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity8593 :: ('MESH:D007409', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal atresia']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['gastroschisis']


abstract: A left-to-right shunting @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ) is a common @entity4297 in @entity235 . If it is left uncorrected, life expectancy in most cases is decreased due to the development of left-sided @entity712 . The aim of this study was to describe the @entity235 diagnosed with @entity2461 in the Utrecht University Companion Animal Clinic from 2003 to 2011. The medical records of 102 @entity1 were retrieved, and the clinical presentation and outcome of @entity2461 closure by surgical ligation or @entity432 ( @entity432 ) were reviewed. In the @entity432 group, the result of coiling was compared with the placement of an Amplatz @entity235 Duct Occluder (ACDO). A predisposition to @entity2461 was found in the German Brak, Stabyhoun, and Schapendoes. @entity235 treated with surgical ligation were significantly older and heavier than those treated with @entity432 ; within the @entity432 group, @entity235 treated with ACDO were significantly older and heavier The initial success rate (complete disappearance of the audible murmur in a @entity1 that survived the procedure) was not significantly different between the different treatment modalities. Major complications were more common with surgical ligation, but the incidence of minor complications was not significantly different. There was no diference in survival between @entity235 treated with surgical ligation and @entity235 treated with @entity432 . This study shows a previously unreported predisposition to @entity2461 in certain breeds. Both surgical ligation and @entity432 are suitable techniques for @entity2461 closure, although major complications were more common with surgical ligation. ACDO appears to be the method with the least complications and thus can be considered the safest method.

title: [Patent ductus arteriosus in the @entity235 : a retrospective study of clinical presentation, diagnostics and comparison of interventional techniques in 102 XXXX (2003-2011)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['TCO', 'transarterial catheter occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe quality-of-life considerations in post-remission therapies for @entity1 with @entity3052 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A quality-adjusted survival analysis, using the quality-adjusted time without symptoms or @entity137 (Q-TWiST) method, was applied to Pediatric Oncology Group Trial 8821, which compared randomized assignment with intensive consolidation chemotherapy (CC) or autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Nonrandomized assignment to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo BMT) on the basis of availability of a matched related donor was also evaluated. A 25- @entity1 cohort provided data for modeling @entity2132 . The Q-TWiST analysis was performed based on the intent-to-treat principle. RESULTS: As previously reported, the 3-year event-free survival was not significantly different between the randomized arms (CC v ABMT). At a median follow-up of 5 years (of the censoring distribution), the CC group had less time in @entity137 ( @entity137 ) and more time without symptoms or @entity137 (TWiST), relapse-free time, and alive time than @entity1 assigned to ABMT (none of these were statistically significant). Compared with the CC group, allo BMT @entity1 spent more time in @entity137 (P <.001), more time in TWiST (P =.06), and had more relapse-free time (P =.03) and time alive (P =.07). Allo BMT was superior to ABMT with greater time in TWiST (P =.02), relapse-free time (P =.01), and time alive P =.002). CONCLUSION: The Q-TWiST analysis is a powerful decision aid in choosing among alternative therapies. Prospective information on @entity1 preferences will facilitate future trials evaluating treatment outcomes. Refinements in the Q-TWiST method could be included to further enhance the power of this @entity1 care decision-making tool.

title: Quality-adjusted survival after treatment for XXXX in childhood: A Q-TWiST analysis of the Pediatric Oncology Group Study 8821.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'TOX']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 74-year-old @entity1 lost consciousness immediately after defecation. The @entity909 lasted for several minutes, and he experienced difficulty in walking when he regained consciousness. He was transferred to our hospital via an ambulance. Upon neurological examination, @entity346 and @entity2055 in the left arm and leg were noted. An MRI of the brain revealed multiple acute @entity1188 mainly in the bilateral cerebellum. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy with alteplase was initiated 3   h and 20   min after the onset of symptoms, and an improvement in neurological symptoms was observed. Echocardiography displayed a mobile mass in the left atrium, suggesting @entity3291 . After 14 days from the onset of symptoms, the @entity5 was surgically resected, and a pathological diagnosis of @entity3291 was established. Because of the unique event surrounding the onset in this case, we considered that there was a potential detachment of @entity3291 and/or thrombi fragments triggered by an increase in intrathoracic pressure induced by the action of defecation. This present case suggests that clinicians should consider @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity385 if the @entity64 is preceded by a @entity2045 and accompanied by the @entity909 .

title: @entity385 due to @entity299 developed with the XXXX immediately after defecation-a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['Valsalva maneuver-like action']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxoma']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity909 :: (MESH:D014474,Disease) :: ['loss of consciousness']


abstract: AIM: @entity1254 is an adipocyte-secreted protein associated with insulin sensitivity. @entity20197 is a receptor for high and medium molecular weight @entity1254 . In GWAS, @entity20197 gene ( @entity20197 ) polymorphisms are associated with circulating @entity1254 levels. This study investigated the associations between genetic variants of @entity20197 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ), and its related parameters, in a Caucasian population. METHODS: Two polymorphisms of @entity20197 ( @entity47969 and @entity47970 ) were genotyped in two French cohorts, a general population from the D.E.S.I.R. study (n=5212) and @entity1 with @entity2175 in the DIABHYCAR study (n=3123). Baseline @entity1254 levels were measured in D.E.S.I.R. @entity1 who were normoglycaemic at baseline, but hyperglycaemic after 3 years (n=230), and in controls who remained normoglycaemic (n=226) throughout. RESULTS: In a cross-sectional analysis, @entity20197 genotype distributions differed between those with and without @entity2175 , with @entity2175 odds ratios (OR) of 1.11 (95% CI: 1.04-1.18; P=0.001) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87-0.98; P=0.01) for @entity47969 and @entity47970 , respectively. The @entity47969 variant, associated with a higher OR for @entity2175 , was also associated with higher BMI (P=0.03) and HbA1c (P=0.006), and lower plasma @entity1254 levels (P=0.03) in the D.E.S.I.R. @entity1 : Conversely, the @entity47970 variant, associated with a lower OR for @entity2175 , was also associated with lower BMI (P=0.03), HbA1c (P=0.02) and @entity1560 Index (FLI; P <=0.01), and higher plasma @entity1254 levels (P=0.002). Associations with HbA1c, FLI and @entity1254 levels persisted after adjusting for BMI. CONCLUSION: @entity20197 polymorphisms are associated with prevalent @entity2175 in this French population study. The association may be mediated through effects on BMI and/or plasma @entity1254 .

title: XXXX gene variants are associated with @entity2175 and the @entity1560 Index in the French population.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Fatty Liver']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

answer: @entity20197 :: (1012,Gene) :: ['T-cadherin']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Preoperative clinical, biochemical, and imaging studies could be used to reliably select @entity1 with single-gland @entity459 who could undergo minimally invasive parathyroidectomy and to determine whether additional perioperative testing is necessary. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : A total of 238 @entity1 who underwent neck surgical exploration and parathyroidectomy for @entity459 from January 7, 2002, to December 23, 2004. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic, clinical, biochemical, and imaging factors that predict single-gland vs multigland @entity8611 , and biochemical cure. RESULTS: Of the 238 @entity1 , 75.2% had a single @entity652 , 21.4% had asymmetric 4-gland @entity1373 , and 3.4% had double @entity652 . A biochemical cure was achieved in 99.2% of the @entity1 . Preoperative @entity460 and intact parathyroid hormone levels were significantly higher (P = .03 and .04, respectively) and ultrasound and sestamibi scan results were more likely to be positive (both P<.001) in single-gland @entity459 . A dichotomous scoring model based on preoperative total @entity460 level (>/=3 mmol/L [>/=12 mg/dL]), intact parathyroid hormone level (>/=2 times the upper limit of normal levels), positive ultrasound and sestamibi scan results for 1 enlarged gland, and concordant ultrasound and sestamibi scan findings reliably distinguished single-gland vs multigland cases (P<.001). The positive predictive value of this scoring model to correctly predict single-gland disease was 100% for a total score of 3 or higher. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative biochemical and imaging study results reliably distinguished single-gland vs multigland @entity8611 in @entity459 . Our findings suggest that @entity1 with a score of 3 or higher can undergo a minimally invasive parathyroidectomy without the routine use of intraoperative parathyroid hormone or additional imaging studies, and those with a score of less than 3 should have additional testing to ensure that multigland disease is not overlooked.

title: Predictors of single-gland vs multigland XXXX in @entity459 : a simple and accurate scoring model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity8611 :: (MESH:D010279,Disease) :: ['parathyroid disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Depending on age it has been estimated that up to 40% of @entity1 have complaints of @entity458 , including decreased libido, vaginal dryness, @entity158 with intercourse, decreased genital sensation and difficulty or inability to achieve orgasm. In this review we address the etiologies and incidence, evaluation and treatment of female @entity250 following vaginal surgery for indications such as stress @entity322 and pelvic organ prolapse; anterior/posterior colporrhaphy, perineoplasty and @entity3577 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature on the mechanisms by which vaginal surgery affects female sexual function are discussed along with related pathophysiology to potential causes. The anatomy, neurovascular supply of the clitoris and introitus, and intrapelvic nerve supply are discussed as related to vaginal surgery. Techniques to avoid @entity16 during pelvic floor surgery were corroborated by supporting literature. Literature regarding female @entity250 following other procedures, such as vaginal hysterectomy, Martius flap interposition, and vesicovaginal and @entity3622 repair were also discussed. RESULTS: Current literature does not support an association between vaginal length following vaginal surgery and sexual function. The proportion of @entity1 who are sexually active does not appear to be affected by vaginal surgery. Sling surgery for @entity322 does not appear to adversely affect overall sexual function, although individual parameters of sexual function scores may vary, eg a significant percent of @entity1 report @entity158 during intercourse. Some @entity1 experience improved overall sexual function due to complete relief from coital @entity322 CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic vaginal narrowing is rare even in @entity1 undergoing simultaneous posterior repair. Overall sexual satisfaction appears to be independent of therapy for @entity322 or prolapse. Data indicate that defect specific posterior colporrhaphy with the avoidance of levator ani plication may improve sexual function. The possible etiological factors for @entity250 following vaginal surgery deserve further investigations.

title: Female XXXX following vaginal surgery: a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular damage']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual problems']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal vault prolapse']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: To report @entity937 formation in 3 eyes of 2 @entity1 with active @entity5863 and Beh  et's disease. We describe 2 @entity1 that were diagnosed and treated for Beh  et's disease with active @entity5863 . @entity937 developed while the @entity32 was active. The @entity1 were treated with topical, oral @entity230 , and @entity205 therapy for bilateral @entity5863 . One @entity1 presented with a retinal tear located at the periphery of the active @entity989 . The other had multiple tears associated with active @entity989 in both eyes. Argon laser photocoagulation was performed in both @entity1 as soon as the tears were detected. Ocular @entity32 was controlled with this therapy, and only a few mild flare-ups occurred. The @entity1 have been followed up for 8 and 16 months, respectively. During this period no new @entity937 have developed. Although retinal tear formation is rarely associated with Beh  et's @entity5863 , the clinician should be aware of this as a possible complication. When structural changes are present in the vitreous, detailed ophthalmoscopy is indicated to assess for @entity937 . If a tear is detected in a @entity1 with @entity5863 and Beh  et's disease, laser photocoagulation therapy should be performed immediately to prevent @entity1713 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity5863 and Beh  et's disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['retinal tears', 'Retinal tears']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal lesions', 'retinal lesion']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity937 :: (MESH:D012167,Disease) :: ['Retinal tears']


abstract: To characterize pediatric @entity130 care, state @entity130 registry data from all designated @entity130 centers in Pennsylvania were divided into three categories, that from: (1) pediatric centers, (2) urban nonpediatric centers, (3) and rural nonpediatric centers. From October 1, 1986 through September 30, 1989 (3 years), 4,615 @entity1 less than 15 years old were admitted to 28 @entity130 centers in Pennsylvania. Nonpediatric centers cared for the majority of @entity1 (2,734, 59.2%), but the average number of @entity1 treated per nonpediatric institution (105.1 per year) was far fewer than the average treated in the pediatric centers (940.5). Pediatric @entity130 centers in the state treated a younger population (6.4 +/- 4.2 years, mean +/- SD) compared with urban and rural nonpediatric centers (8.4 +/- 4.2 and 8.1 +/- 4.3 years, respectively; P less than .05). Pediatric centers received proportionately more @entity1 by transfer (56.2%), victims of falls (34.6%), @entity130 (16.8%), and head and @entity9389 (41.8%, all P less than .05). Nonpediatric centers received @entity1 directly from the scene of injury more frequently than transferred from other hospitals. The male:female sex ratio in urban nonpediatric centers was significantly higher (70.1%, P less than .05) than in the other two groups. Rural nonpediatric centers cared for a higher proportion of motor vehicle passengers (28.5%) and @entity1 classified as "other" in the state registry, a category to which bicycle injuries are assigned (28.2%, P less than .05). Mortality was highest in rural nonpediatric centers (6.2%). The death rate in pediatric centers and urban nonpediatric centers were similar (4.1%) and significantly lower (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differences in XXXX care among pediatric and nonpediatric @entity130 centers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pedestrian injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity9389 :: ('MESH:D019838', 'Disease') :: ['neck injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: In response to humoral and mechanical stimuli, the myocardium adapts to increased work load through @entity1184 of individual muscle cells. @entity1283 is characterized by an increase in cell size in the absence of cell division and is accompanied by changes in gene expression. @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ), the effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), regulates volume and electrolyte homeostasis and is involved in cardiac and vascular growth in @entity35 . In this review, the role of RAS in myocyte protein synthesis ( @entity1184 ) and in induction of gene expression will be discussed in @entity35 cardiomyocytes in culture. Traditional RAS can be considered as a system in which circulating @entity1808 is delivered to target tissues or cells. However, a local RAS has also been described in cardiac cells and evidence has been accumulated for autocrine and/or paracrine pathways by which biological actions of @entity1808 can be mediated. These actions of @entity1808 are primarily mediated through @entity1808 receptors subtype I ( @entity1809 ). When evaluating the effects of @entity1808 in situ, both changes in circulating levels and local production have to be taken into account. Contrasting results have been found concerning the in vitro effect of @entity1808 on the protein synthesis in cardiac myocytes and can be at least partly be attributed to methodological problems such as assay of de novo protein synthesis and isolation and separation procedure of cardiac myocytes. The @entity1808 -induced @entity1184 effect also depends on the existence of nonmyocytes in a cardiocyte culture. In @entity35 cardiocytes, @entity1808 also causes induction of many immediately-early genes ( @entity5019 , c-jun, @entity28140 , @entity11970 and @entity4569 ) and induces also late markers of @entity1283 (skeletal alpha-actin and atrial natriuretic peptide expression) and growth factors ( @entity1810 gene expression). In vivo @entity1808 via @entity1809 , causes not only @entity123 but also a shift to the fetal phenotype of the myocardium. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and @entity1808 receptor antagonists of the subtype I not only induce the regression but also prevent the development of @entity1283 in experimental @entity35 models.

title: Antagonism of the renin-angiotensin system, XXXX and gene expression in cardiac myocytes.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: 1. The inhibitory actions of mu- and delta-opioid receptor agonists on the strong, single fibre synaptic input to neurones contained in the @entity19 @entity4494 have been examined. 2. The opioid agonists [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin ( @entity7862 , 10 nM-10 microM), @entity1286 (10-30 [D-Ser2, @entity45952 ,Thr6]enkephalin (DSLET, 3 nM-1 microM), [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 10 nM-10 microM), all depressed the single fibre, all-or-nothing, nicotinic, excitatory synaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) recorded in @entity19 @entity528 . @entity4596 (0.3-1 microM) was without effect. 3. The effect of DSLET, but not that of @entity7862 , was reversed by the delta-opioid receptor-selective antagonist, @entity5540 (0.3 microM). @entity1510 (0.3 microM) antagonized the effect of both DSLET and @entity7862 . 4. The site of action of the mu- and delta-receptor agonists was on the presynaptic terminals, since at the concentrations which depressed the e.p.s.p. these drugs did not affect the resting membrane potential or input resistance of the postganglionic neurone body, nor did they depress the postganglionic, nicotinic response to exogenously applied @entity934 . 5. Quantal analysis further confirmed the presynaptic site of action; mu- and delta-opioid receptor agonists decreased the mean number of quanta released per stimulus but did not reduce the mean amplitude of the quantal unit. 6. It was concluded that mu- and delta-opioid receptors were located on the same presynaptic nerve terminals since, in the same neurones, mu- and delta-opioid receptor agonists depressed the same single fibre inputs. 7. The @entity972 channel blockers barium and @entity4807 , at concentrations known to block opioidactivated somatic @entity972 conductances, reduced slightly but did not abolish the mu- and delta-opioid receptor-mediated inhibition of the e.p.s.p.

title: Activation of mu- and delta-opioid receptors present on the same nerve terminals depresses transmitter release in the @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['hypogastric ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hypogastric ganglion neurones']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4494 :: (MESH:D045888,Disease) :: ['hypogastric ganglion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2929 is not only a potent antibiotic; it also has effects of @entity32 and suppression of protein synthesis. PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of @entity2929 on tissue @entity1373 after stent placement in a @entity35 esophageal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 21 @entity35 were included. After placement of self-expanding stents in the mid esophagus, the @entity35 were divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The @entity35 in the experimental groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of @entity2929 for 5 weeks; 4 mg/kg (group A, n = 7) and 8 mg/kg (group B, n = 7). Those in the control group (n = 7) received 1 mL of saline intraperitoneally. After sacrifice, histologic analysis was done for thickness of the papillary projection, granulation tissue area, percentage of granulation tissue area, and degree of @entity32 . The statistical significance of differences between groups was assessed by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Tissue @entity1373 as reflected in thickness of papillary projection, granulation tissue area, and percentage of granulation tissue area, was higher in the control group than in the experimental groups, although there was no statistical significance (P = 1.00, 0.332, and 0.263, respectively). However, degree of @entity32 was significantly lower in the experimental groups than the control group (P = 0.025), and the higher dosage of @entity2929 reduced @entity32 significantly (P = 0.037). CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal administration of @entity2929 is very effective in reducing @entity32 after stent placement in a @entity35 esophageal model but has no significant effect on granulation tissue formation.

title: The effectiveness of @entity2929 in reducing stent-related tissue XXXX : an experimental study with a @entity35 esophageal model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'reduction of inflammation', 'inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin', 'Erythromycin']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this paper is to compare a group of @entity1 with upper extremity amputation @entity130 who presented to a tertiary referral center without having been previously seen at another hospital versus a group of @entity1 who was transferred from another facility. We hypothesize that transferred @entity1 will generally undergo more complex treatments, that some transferred @entity1 will be treated in the ER with simple treatments (thereby perhaps not requiring transfer), and that transferred @entity1 will be less likely to have insurance coverage. METHODS: All @entity1 who presented to our ER from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2008 with the classification of hand and finger amputation were included. Data collected included whether or not the @entity1 was transferred from another institution, age, mechanism of injury, partial versus total amputation, location treated, transportation method, general treatment classification, type of insurance, and month of presentation. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found between @entity1 who were transferred versus those who were not with respect to age, sex, mechanism, whether the amputation was partial versus complete, or insurance coverage. Statistical differences were noted between the subset of @entity1 who was transferred versus those who were not with respect to treatment location, method of transportation, and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 transferred to our institution required significantly more complex treatments and were significantly more likely to be treated in the operating room. A small but significant group of @entity1 was treated in the ER or required relatively simple treatments after transfer. Our hypothesis that a higher percentage of @entity1 transferred to our institution would have less insurance coverage was not supported by the data. Tertiary centers can expect to continue receiving a steady stream of amputation referrals.

title: Differences in treatment of digital amputation XXXX based on community transfer versus tertiary initial presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness and compliance of dietary restriction in a group of @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1007 . RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. SETTING: Pediatric hospital in Madrid, Spain. @entity1 : Four hundred fifty-one @entity1 and adolescents of both sexes aged 2 to 18 years diagnosed as having @entity1007 and treated with dietary restriction (American Heart Association Step-One and Step-Two Diets). The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 2 years and was performed by one pediatrician. RESULTS: Total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and @entity755 levels as well as the low-density lipoprotein @entity165 /high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio decreased significantly (P < .01) from the first month of dietary restriction, whereas the high-density lipoprotein @entity165 level increased (P < .01). The @entity1675 level increased significantly (P < .01) only after 6 months of diet therapy. After 12 months of follow-up, 30.7% (58/189) of @entity1 did not follow the diet strictly. In this group, significantly higher levels of total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and @entity755 were found. CONCLUSIONS: Diet therapy is effective in the treatment of @entity1007 in @entity1 and adolescents. Dietary restriction has a beneficial effect not only on total @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels but also on @entity1675 levels.

title: Diet therapy for @entity1007 in XXXX and adolescents. A follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I and B-100', 'apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A computer program was newly developed to display the @entity63 area from the serial dynamic CT scan, namely the functional image of the dynamic CT (FID-CT). The principles of FID-CT are as follows; Seven rapid-sequence dynamic CT scans were taken following a peripheral bolus intravenous injection of 40 ml of @entity3990 . As the data from each scan can be separated into three consecutive segments, we obtained 21 images during 44 seconds. Time density curves of each pixel were calculated employing Gamma variate fitting method. Eight functional parameters obtained from this curve were displayed with gray-scale pixel by pixel. These eight images were functional images obtained from dynamic CT. Only three or four minutes were required to complete all the calculations. Twenty-two @entity1 were examined with both FID-CT and 123I-SPECT. In each case, the lesion detected by FID-CT was remarkably consistent with that shown by SPECT. Two representative cases were presented. The authors believe that FID-CT is a very useful diagnostic method in the acute stage of @entity2806 because the method can be quickly and easily performed and it discloses the @entity63 area with fair certainty.

title: [The effectiveness of FID-CT (functional image of dynamic CT) for the evaluation of early XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3990 :: ('MESH:D007479', 'Chemical') :: ['iopamidol']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']