abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased @entity842 production in @entity82 has been commonly implicated in the genesis of @entity7185 ( @entity7185 ). Initial studies suggested that garlic, a constituent of the daily diet, may have a role in the treatment of @entity7185 by altering @entity842 production. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of oral garlic supplementation on arterial blood gas parameters, and overall morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity7185 . METHODS: Twenty-one and 20 @entity7185 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either oral garlic supplementation or placebo, respectively, and were evaluated monthly over a period of nine to 18 months. RESULTS: After nine months, garlic supplementation was associated with a 24.66% increase in baseline arterial @entity26 levels (83.05 mmHg versus 66.62 mmHg; P<0.001), compared with only a 7.37% increase (68.75 mmHg versus 64.05 mmHg; P=0.02) among subjects in the placebo group. There was also a 28.35% decrease in alveolar-arterial @entity26 gradient (21.35 mmHg versus 29.77 mmHg; P<0.001) among @entity1 with @entity7185 who received garlic, in contrast with only a 10.73% decrease (29.11 mmHg versus 32.61 mmHg; P=0.12) among those in the placebo group. After nine months, the arterial @entity26 level was significantly higher (83.05 mmHg versus 68.75 mmHg; P<0.001) and the alveolar-arterial @entity26 gradient was significantly lower (21.35 mmHg versus 29.11 mmHg; P<0.001) among @entity1 receiving garlic compared with those receiving placebo. Reversal of @entity7185 was observed in 14 of 21 @entity1 (66.67%) on garlic supplementation (intent-to-treat analysis) and in one of 20 @entity1 (5%) on placebo. Two of 21 @entity1 undergoing garlic supplementation died during follow-up in contrast to seven of 20 @entity1 who were on placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Garlic supplementation may be beneficial in @entity1 with @entity7185 for the reversal of intrapulmonary shunts as well as reducing @entity519 and mortality.

title: The role of XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7185 :: ('MESH:D020065', 'Disease') :: ['hepatopulmonary syndrome', 'HPS']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity7185 :: (MESH:D020065,Disease) :: ['garlic in hepatopulmonary syndrome']


abstract: While therapeutic plasma exchanges (TPEs) performed with 5% albumin are considered safe, concerns regarding venous access and @entity137 remain. We reviewed the frequency of complications during TPEs performed with 5% albumin supplemented with @entity10041 and @entity4337 for a 5 year period in our institution. Eighty-four adult @entity1 (46 males and 38 females) underwent 581 plasma exchanges during the study period. The most common indications were @entity1737 (37%), acute inflammatory demyelinating @entity8954 (31%), and chronic inflammatory demyelinating @entity305 (13%). All procedures used 2.2% ACD-A delivered at a calculated average rate of 0.26 mg/kg/min, which led to a mean dose of @entity1792 per TPE of 2.18 +/- 0.48 g or 27.8 +/- 5.24 mg/kg of body weight. Venous access difficulties occurred in 85 procedures (14.6%), but most TPEs were completed successfully. @entity551 and @entity1792 @entity137 were seen in <5% of the TPEs and were mostly reversible. Only 17 exchanges (3%) had to be aborted because of the loss of venous access (n = 9), @entity137 (n = 3), @entity551 (n = 2), @entity4697 attacks (n = 2), and one atypical reaction due to the interaction with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Comparison between pre- and post-TPE @entity972 levels showed a statistically significant mean decrease of 7%, from 4.1 mequiv/l to 3.8 mequiv/l (P < 0.0001). We attribute the low rate of @entity3747 to our practice of adding @entity460 and @entity972 to the replacement fluid and suggest that this method could become standard of care.

title: Continuous infusion of XXXX in 5% albumin is safe and prevents most hypocalcemic reactions during therapeutic plasma exchange.

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'hypocalcemic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity10041 :: ('MESH:D002125', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium gluconate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity10041 :: (MESH:D002125,Chemical) :: ['calcium gluconate']


abstract: In 10 @entity1 with @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) atherectomy was performed with the Simpson atherectomy catheter. @entity3657 was diagnosed by clinical evaluation, oxzillography, Doppler ultrasound examination, treadmill walking, and angiography. Eight @entity1 belonged to stage II and 2 to stage IV. Two stenoses were located in the iliac artery, and the others in the superficial femoral artery or popliteal artery or both. The treadmill walking distance before the intervention ranged from 24 to 67 m before and 105 to 115 m after the procedure (speed 2 mph; gradient 12.5%). After atherectomy, the walking distance improved by 35% to 126%. No @entity1 in stage II perceived @entity158 . In these @entity1 treadmill exercise was terminated because of @entity1353 . The ankle/arm ratio (Doppler ultrasound) ranged from 0.4 to 1.0 before atherectomy with a mean improvement of 0.15 afterward (stages II and IV). Control angiography within three to six months in 4 @entity1 did not reveal any significant change at the site of the original stenosis.

title: Catheter atherectomy: functional results in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is common among @entity1 with @entity712 , but relationships between @entity177 ( @entity177 ) and outcomes after hospitalization for @entity712 are poorly understood, especially among @entity1 with preserved systolic function. We examined associations between @entity177 and 30-day readmission, mortality, and costs among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with @entity712 . METHODS: We linked data from a clinical @entity712 registry to Medicare inpatient claims for @entity1 >or=65 years old hospitalized with @entity712 . We defined @entity177 as a change in serum @entity1011 >or=0.3 mg/dL from admission to discharge. Main outcome measures were readmission and mortality at 30 days after hospitalization and total inpatient costs. RESULTS: Among 20,063 @entity1 hospitalized with @entity712 , @entity177 was common (17.8%) and more likely among @entity1 with higher baseline comorbidity and more @entity8 . In unadjusted analyses, @entity177 was associated with similar subsequent mean inpatient costs (USD 3,255 vs USD 3,277, P = .2) but higher readmission (21.8% vs 20.6%, P = .01) and mortality (10.0% vs 7.2%, P < .001). The differences persisted after adjustment for baseline @entity1 and hospital characteristics (hazard of readmission 1.10 [95% CI 1.02-1.18], hazard of mortality 1.53 [95% CI 1.34-1.75]). Associations of @entity177 with readmission and mortality were similar between @entity1 with reduced and preserved systolic function. CONCLUSIONS: Worsening renal function during hospitalization for @entity712 is an independent predictor of early readmission and mortality in @entity1 with reduced and preserved systolic function.

title: Associations between @entity177 and 30-day outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney disease', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['worsening renal function', 'WRF']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity1701 is a well-defined clinical and serological entity characterized by venous and arterial @entity715 , @entity7992 and @entity882 . The immunological feature shows the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies and @entity4555 . Cardiac involvement includes @entity2294 , @entity296 , @entity340 , @entity1563 . The literature reports only a few cases of intracardiac @entity715 associated with @entity1701 . Here we describe a case of a 54 year-old @entity1 with @entity882 and history of recurrent abortions. When she was 51 she presented a left deep iliac @entity49 , followed by recurrent @entity1151 ; a caval filter was placed in the inferior vena cava. Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiogram showed 3 masses in the right atrium: the first one was connected with the atrial wall, hyperechogenic and extending to the right ventricle in diastole: th second was connected with the interatrial septum and less echogenic; the third was in connection with septum-tricuspid valve junction and it was floating in the atrium. The immunological feature showed the presence of @entity4555 and antiphospholipid antibodies; the histological examination of the masses, surgically removed, proved they were thrombi coated by endothelial cells. The case reported is very uncommon and offers the opportunity to emphasize the difficulty of diagnostic differentiation of intracardiac masses using echocardiographic imaging: thrombotic masses may present similar characteristics of seat, morphology and echogenicity of other cardiac masses. For these reasons it can be useful to look for antiphospholipid antibodies and @entity4555 in such clinical conditions.

title: [ XXXX and cardiac involvement. Description of a clinical case of right atrial @entity715 ].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['Antiphospholipid syndrome', 'primary antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity7992 :: ('MESH:D000026', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent abortion']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['Primary antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: A marked depletion of neuropeptide-immunoreactive nerves, a consequence of the @entity16 which is commonly found in @entity1201 , has been reported in peripheral tissues of @entity1201 @entity1 and of a @entity1201 animal model. The aim of this study was to investigate peripheral reinnervation following a denatured autologous muscle graft in an animal model of @entity16 . Possible reinnervation of the foot-pad skin was studied by immunohistochemistry using antisera to the neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 ( @entity7895 ), the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity10132 ), substance @entity10133 ), vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 ), and the C-flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON). The extent of the reinnervation process was assessed by image analysis quantification at different time points. At 8 weeks after muscle grafting, there were small numbers of immunoreactive nerves (p < 0.05). At 12, 16, and 20 weeks postoperatively there was a gradual increase in all immunostaining. At 20 weeks, no significant difference was found for @entity7895 -, @entity10132 -, and SP-immunoreactive nerves in the epidermal and @entity655 compared to control (contralateral) tissue. In experimental tissue the recovery of immunoreactive nerves around sweat glands took longer (up to 12 weeks) than in other skin compartments, but after that time the recovery was rapid and at 20 weeks no difference was measured for @entity3549 -immunoreactive nerves in comparison with controls. Around blood vessels, the recovery of @entity10132 - and CPON-immunoreactive fibers was slow, and at 20 weeks a difference with control samples (p < 0.01) was noted. In the same area, there was no significant difference for @entity7895 immunoreactivity between controls and tissues at 20 weeks. In contrast, the immunoreactive nerve bundles in the dermis showed a faster recovery than nerves in other skin areas, with amounts similar to controls at 20 weeks. The significant recovery of immunoreactive nerves, in particular of those containing sensory neuropeptide, is consistent with the described functional recovery.

title: Denatured muscle grafts for nerve repair in an experimental model of @entity16 in XXXX . 2. Recovery of peripheral peptide-containing nerves assessed by quantitative immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage', 'leprosy nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['subepidermal layers']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 10044 Background: Data regarding the management and outcome of metastatic @entity674 @entity1 (pts) refractory to 1st line @entity2213 (I) and 2nd @entity2240 (S) are limited. METHODS: Eleven institutions participated in this retrospective study. A preliminary analysis based on the data from 176 pts treated in 9 institutions is presented in this abstract. Final analysis will be presented at the meeting. RESULTS: Median age was 57 years (range 18-84). Median progression free-survival (PFS) on 1st line I and 2nd line S were 22.4 months (mo) (95% CI: 19.2-26.2) and 8.2 mo (95% CI: 6-10.4), respectively. Pts who were treated with 3rd or 4th line @entity2857 (vs other treatment) had significantly higher PFS, although improvement in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was observed in 4th line only. On univariate analysis, age, performance status >= 2, haemoglobin <10g/dl, albumin < 35g/l and primary mutation on exon 11 or 9 (versus wild-type or @entity675 mutation) were significantly associated with inferior @entity1349 . On multivariate analysis, albumin level (HR=2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.4; p = 0.03) and mutational status (HR=4.1, 95% CI 1.4-11.9; p = 0.01) were the sole independent predictors of poor @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: This collaborative study is the largest one focusing on the management and survival of @entity674 @entity1 refractory to I and S. Pts more likely to carry secondary mutations seem to have the worst outcome. Rechallenge with I is associated with limited clinical benefit, but appears superior to best supportive care. @entity2857 may provide the best treatment option in case of clinical trial ineligibility, given these data. [Table: see text].

title: Patterns of care, prognosis, and survival of XXXX with metastatic @entity674 ( @entity674 ) refractory to first-line @entity2213 and second-line @entity2240 .

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous (non-traumatic) rupture of the spleen rarely occurs in the setting of a normal spleen, especially during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES: We report a case of @entity1409 of a normal spleen at 33.7 weeks gestation and review the literature with the aim of exploring the etiology, diagnosis, and management of this condition during pregnancy. CASE REPORT: A 30-year-old Chinese primigravida presented at 33.7 weeks gestation with acute onset of severe, constant left upper @entity490 . She developed acute @entity551 . Physical examination revealed diffuse abdominal tenderness with rebounding and guarding. An emergent cesarean delivery and abdominal exploration was performed. A non-viable male @entity1 was delivered, and active @entity548 was identified at the splenic hilum consistent with @entity9440 . A splenectomy was performed, and a @entity1003 was identified and treated. The @entity1 had an uncomplicated postoperative course and was discharged home on postoperative day 15. CONCLUSION: @entity9440 in pregnancy is a life-threatening complication. Early diagnosis and aggressive surgical intervention will allow for optimal maternal and perinatal outcome.

title: @entity1409 : a rare but serious case of acute XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['consumptive coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture', 'Splenic rupture']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: Few data are available about severe @entity311 in Madagascar. Our aims were to describe epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of severe @entity311 in @entity1 in Antananarivo. We conducted a retrospective study from 1 March 2006 to 31 March 2008 at the infectious disease department. We recorded 61 cases of severe @entity311 among 1,803 in @entity1 . Sex ratio was 2 and average age was 35.3 years old. Three pregnant @entity1 were recorded among @entity1 (15.8%). Self-medication was registered in 23%. Among 35 @entity1 who received first medical care, no one had parasitological examination. The treatment was inadequate for all @entity1 (n = 19). Conscience impairment (65.6%), @entity1087 (24.6%), @entity410 (18%) and prostration (14.8%) were the major severe signs. Diagnosis was made 6.54 days after the onset of the disease. Mortality rate was 11.5%. Self-medication, inappropriate primary care and delayed diagnosis represented risk factors for severe @entity311 in our cohort.

title: [Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of severe XXXX in adults in hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3147 is frequently present in case of @entity3851 , and in cirrhotic @entity1 , a poor nutritional status is considered to be one of the predictive factors for increased morbidity and mortality rates after surgery. The impact of the recipients' @entity3147 on the outcome of liver transplantation (LT) is still under debate and recent studies have shown controversial results. @entity1 AND METHODS: We prospectively analysed the nutritional status of 38 consecutive @entity1 undergoing LT in our University Hospital. Subjective global nutritional assessments (SGA) and anthropometry were used for the evaluation of the nutritional status. Energy expenditure, dietary intake and energy balance were also evaluated. After LT, multiple short-term outcomes that could be influenced by the nutritional status, such as number of episodes of @entity281 (bacterial, viral and fungal) until discharge from hospital, length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU), length of hospital stay and in-hospital graft and @entity1 's survival, were recorded. RESULTS: @entity3147 was identified in 53% of cases according to the SGA. Pretransplant nutritional status, haemoglobin levels and disease severity were independently associated with the number of @entity281 episodes during the hospital stay. The presence of @entity3147 was the only independent risk factor for the length of stay in the ICU and the total number of days spent in hospital. CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that recipients' @entity3147 should be taken into account as a factor that increases complications and costs after LT.

title: Nutritional status: its influence on the outcome of XXXX undergoing liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Fresh produce has been associated with multiple outbreaks of illness caused by @entity526 O157:H7. The mechanism of @entity526 O157:H7 survival through postharvest processing of fresh produce needs to be understood to help develop more effective interventions. In our recent transcriptomic study of strain @entity15554 , an isolate from the 1996 sprout outbreak in Japan, and strain TW14359, an isolate from the 2006 @entity2772 outbreak in the United States, we showed that ycfR was the most significantly upregulated gene in response to @entity3878 -based oxidative stress. YcfR is known to be a multiple stress resistance protein and a biofilm regulator in @entity2624 strains; however, its role in the pathogenic @entity526 O157:H7 ha @entity15554 been clearly defined. In this study, ycfR was replaced with a c @entity2755 resistance cassette oriented in two different directions to construct polar and nonpolar ycfR::cat mutants of S @entity15554 and TW14359. C @entity3878 resistance and survival on spinach leaf surfaces were assessed in the wild-type strains and the ycfR mutants. Both polar and nonpolar ycfR mutants of S @entity15554 showed significantly less c @entity3878 resistance than their parent strain. In contrast, deletion of ycfR in TW14359 did not change c @entity3878 resistance, indicating that ycfR in these two outbreak-related E. coli O157:H7 strains may function differently. In addition, after a 24-h incubation on spinach leaves in a sublethal concentration of c @entity3878 the S @entity15554 nonpolar ycfR mutant exhibited lower survival compared to the wild type. The results suggest a role for ycfR in survival of S @entity15554 during c @entity3878 exposure. We also found that the upstream ycfQ, which is annotated as a DNA-binding regulator, acted as a repressor of ycfR. These findings suggest that gene regulation may be a mechanism by which E. coli O157:H7 strain S @entity15554 could survive in the postharvest processing environment.

title: Functional analysis of ycfR and ycfQ in XXXX O157:H7 linked to outbreaks of illness associated with fresh produce.

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine', 'Chlorine']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied whether whirl baths with plain water or with water containing pine oil or valerian have a different influence on @entity158 , disturbed sleep or tender point count. METHODS: A randomized, comparative and investigator-blinded study was performed. Out- @entity1 with generalized @entity239 were randomized into three treatment groups. INTERVENTIONS: Therapy consisted of either whirl bath with plain water or with the addition of pine oil or valerian. The baths were carried out 10 times, three times a week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: General @entity158 , change of @entity158 intensity during the day, general well-being and occurrence of disturbed sleep were recorded before and after the therapy. The number of tender points was assessed by digital palpation, the @entity158 threshold on the shinbone and the middle part of the deltoid muscle was measured by the dolorimeter of A. Fischer. The same instrument was used for recording @entity158 threshold and @entity158 tolerance of both trapezius muscles. The tissue compliance of these muscles was measured as well. RESULTS: 30 out of 39 @entity1 included in the study were evaluated statistically. After treatment with @entity240 (n = 12) well-being and sleep were significantly improved and also the tender point count decreased significantly. Pine oil added to the bath water (n = 7) resulted in a significant improvement of well-being, but unfortunately also in a significant decrease of @entity158 threshold of the shinbone and the right deltoid muscle. Whirl bath in plain water (n = 11) reduced general and maximum @entity158 intensity significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Our cautious conclusion of this study is - with respect to the small number of treated @entity1 - that different effects of whirl baths with or without medicinal bath oils can be detected in @entity239 @entity1 . Plain water baths modify the @entity158 intensity, medicinal baths improve well-being and sleep.

title: [Medicinal baths for treatment of generalized XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity240 :: ('OMIM:613339', 'Disease') :: ['valerian bath']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: We examined maximum expiratory flow (Vmax) in two @entity235 preparations in which regional changes in lung mechanical properties were produced. In one experiment serial bronchial obstructions were made to determine whether flow-limiting sites ( @entity1224 points, @entity2723 ) would occur in series. With the right lung tied off, constrictions were placed at the left lower lobar bronchus (LLL) and left main-stem bronchus. On deflation from total lung capacity, the obstructed LLL and nonobstructed @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) emptied into the obstructed left main-stem bronchus. Although a @entity2723 common to both lobes was identified at the main-stem obstruction, which limited total Vmax, we questioned whether there was also a @entity2723 at the lobar obstruction that fixed LLL flow. In that case the rate of LLL emptying would not be dependent on the presence of the common (i.e., central) @entity2723 and thus the flow contribution of the @entity1315 . We found that when the @entity1315 was removed, the LLL increased its rate of emptying. Thus a lobar @entity2723 did not fix LLL flow and @entity2723 did not occur in series. In a second experiment @entity2415 was produced in the left lung to reduce lung recoil, whereas the right lung was normal. @entity2723 were identified at approximately lobar bronchi of each lung, and the lungs were emptied at different rates. A @entity2723 common to both lungs was not identified. Our results indicate that in @entity358 , if flows from the different regions are high enough, then wave speed is reached in proximal airways, and a @entity2723 occurs centrally rather than peripherally. On the other hand, if flows are low, then wave speed is reached peripherally and a @entity2723 common to all lung regions does not occur.

title: Expiratory flow limitation in XXXX with regional changes in lung mechanical properties.

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['left upper lobe', 'LUL']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['localized lung disease']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cell death after @entity2806 is mediated by release of excitatory @entity1522 , @entity460 influx into cells, and generation of free radicals. We examined the hypothesis that concurrent administration of tirilazad, a well-known antioxidant, and @entity1760 , an antagonist of @entity460 and excitatory @entity1522 , would result in a synergistic neuroprotective effect. METHODS: @entity35 were subjected to transient @entity2500 and assigned to one of four treatment arms (n = 10 in each): 1) vehicle, 2) tirilazad, 3) @entity8723 , @entity10088 ) tirilazad and @entity8723 . Cortical blood flow was recorded using laser Doppler flowmetry. Functional deficits were quantified by performing daily neurological examinations. @entity1188 volume was assessed after 7 days. RESULTS: There was no difference in cortical blood flow among groups. Animals that received tirilazad or @entity8723 monotherapy had significantly better neurological function compared with control animals only on postoperative Days 3 and 4, whereas animals treated with both drugs had significantly better neurological function than did control animals from postoperative Days 2 through 7. @entity1760 reduced total @entity1188 volume by 25% (nonsignificant), tirilazad by 48% (P<0.05), and combination therapy by 59% (P<0.05) compared with control data. CONCLUSION: Combined therapy with antagonists of excitatory @entity1522 and free radicals provides better neuroprotection from the effects of transient focal @entity63 than does therapy with either antagonist alone. In contrast to many experimental agents, tirilazad and @entity1760 offer the advantage of being licensed for clinical use. This drug combination could be of great benefit when administered before temporary artery occlusion in @entity1 undergoing cerebrovascular surgery.

title: Neuroprotective effects of combination therapy with tirilazad and XXXX in @entity35 subjected to reversible focal @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy can quantify myocardial @entity412 content in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . Its relation to alterations in left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular myocardial functions is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 42 @entity1 with @entity6 were recruited. Exclusion criteria included hemoglobin A(1c) >8.5, known @entity65 , @entity2412 , or blood pressure >150/85 mm Hg. @entity741 was excluded by a negative @entity452 stress test. LV and RV volumes and ejection fraction were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. @entity3057 , systolic strain rate, and diastolic strain rate were quantified by echocardiographic speckle tracking analyses. Myocardial @entity412 content was quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and dichotomized on the basis of the median value of 0.76. The median age was 59 years (25th and 75th percentiles, 54 and 62 years). Median @entity6 diagnosis duration was 4 years, and median glycohemoglobin level was 6.2 (25th and 75th percentiles, 5.9 and 6.8). There were no differences in LV and RV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes and ejection fraction between @entity1 with high (>= 0.76) and those with low (<0.76) myocardial @entity412 content. However, @entity1 with high myocardial @entity412 content had greater impairment of LV and RV @entity296 and strain rate. The myocardial @entity412 content was an independent correlate of @entity6475 , systolic strain rate, and diastolic strain rate. CONCLUSIONS: High myocardial @entity412 content is associated with more pronounced impairment of LV and RV functions in @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity6 .

title: @entity296 and @entity6475 and strain rate imaging in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial strain']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['LV and RV longitudinal strain']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-related complications']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['LV global longitudinal and RV free wall longitudinal strain']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disequilibrium of @entity630 / @entity61 is known as an important cause of @entity56 with a biased @entity61 type response. It has been shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration during post-sensitization modified the inflammation of @entity565 via upregulating the @entity630 response that decrease the @entity61 immunity. We would like to know if, during pre-sensitization, the elevated @entity630 response is necessary for LPS exposure to modify the @entity748 response. METHODS: During pre- or post-sensitization, 40 microg LPS were intraperitoneal injected (i.p.) to @entity748 @entity19 sensitized and challenged by @entity8786 (D. farinea). @entity32 was assessed by examining bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for the number and identity of cells and by cytokine titers measured by ELISA. Semi-quantified RT-PCR was used to evaluate the level of @entity1990 ( @entity1990 ) mRNA in dendritic cells (DCs) from bone marrow (BMDCs). RESULTS: These investigations demonstrated that LPS exposure during pre-sensitization inhibited the @entity61 cytokine and inflammatory infiltration, the same as with LPS exposure during post-sensitization in @entity56 @entity19 . Contrary to post-sensitization LPS exposure, the @entity630 cytokines were not upregulated by pre-sensitization with LPS. Finally, the study failed to show any significant difference between @entity1990 mRNA expressed in BMDCs with the two times of LPS exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that elevated @entity630 immunity is not required for the modification of the @entity61 response induced by LPS exposure during pre-sensitization in @entity748 @entity19 and that pre-sensitization differs from post-sensitization. Immune modulation with treatment is independent of @entity1990 expression in BMDCs. This study implicates a potential way to protect from @entity56 and an inflammatory response.

title: @entity630 immunity is not required for the effect of lipopolysaccharide exposure on modifying XXXX responses of @entity19 before sensitization.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'allergic disease']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: Diets containing 300 mg @entity18639 ( @entity18640 )/kg of feed and 5 mg @entity14473 /kg of feed singly or in combination were fed to female @entity233 poults (Nicholas Large White) from day of hatch to 21 d of age. When compared with controls, 21-d body weight gains were reduced 21% by @entity18640 , 26% by T-2, and 47% by the combination. the efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by @entity18640 and the combination of @entity18640 and T-2. Relative weights (grams/100 g BW) of the liver and gizzard were increased in poults fed the @entity18640 and the combination diets; whereas, the relative weight of the pancreas was increased in all treated groups. All poults were scored for oral lesions using a scale of 1 to 4 (1 = no visible lesions, 4 = severe lesions). @entity75 were present in all poults fed the T-2 diet (average score of 3.29) or the combination diet (average score of 3.54). Serum concentration of @entity165 was decreased and @entity880 dehydrogenase activity was increased in poults fed the @entity18640 and combination diets. The activity of @entity492 aminotransferase and the values for red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased only in poults fed the combination diet. Inorganic @entity3151 concentration was decreased only in poults fed the combination diet. The increased @entity137 in poults fed the combination diet for most variables can best be described as additive, although some variables not altered by @entity18640 or T-2 singly were significantly affected by the combination, indicating that the combination may pose a potentially greater problem to the @entity233 industry than either of the mycotoxins individually.

title: Influence of @entity18639 , present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material, and XXXX on @entity233 poults.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity18639 :: ('MESH:C056933', 'Chemical') :: ['fumonisin B1']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Oral lesions']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity14473 :: (MESH:D013605,Chemical) :: ['T-2 toxin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Relationships among race/ethnicity, individual @entity159 ( @entity159 ), neighbourhood @entity159 and acculturation are complex. We sought to answer whether: (i) race/ethnicity, individual @entity159 and neighbourhood @entity159 have independent effects on @entity1 's fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC); (ii) @entity159 modifies the effects of race/ethnicity on FVC; and (iii) nativity modifies the effect of Latina ethnicity on FVC. DESIGN: Cross-sectional surveys from the population-based Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study were linked with census-tract level data. FVC was indicated by (i) consuming fruits and vegetables less often than daily (LOWFV) and (ii) not having fruits and vegetables in the home very often. Other variables included age, marital status, race/ethnicity, country of birth, educational attainment, family income and longitudinal neighbourhood poverty (based on latent class growth models). Weighted logistic regression models accounting for the complex sample design were constructed. SETTING: California, USA, 2012-2013. SUBJECTS: @entity1 (n 2669). RESULTS: In adjusted models, race/ethnicity, education and income were independently associated with FVC, but not neighbourhood poverty. @entity1 of colour, high-school graduates and @entity1 with incomes at 301-400 % of the federal poverty level were at higher odds of LOWFV compared with non-Hispanic Whites, college graduates and those with incomes >400 % of the federal poverty level. Little evidence for interactions between race/ethnicity and individual or neighbourhood @entity159 was found; similar patterns were observed for immigrant and US-born Latinas. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing the dietary needs of lower- @entity159 communities requires multilevel interventions that simultaneously provide culturally tailored nutrition education and address the physical and economic accessibility of culturally acceptable fruits and vegetables.

title: Social disparities in dietary habits among XXXX : Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study.

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['socio-economic status', 'SES']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The consumption of green tea is associated with a lower risk of several types of @entity1 @entity189 . A number of studies have focused on the possible mechanisms of @entity5 prevention by tea extracts, especially @entity6398 such as @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ). AIMS AND METHODOLOGY: Green tea-derived @entity3090 was tested in @entity1 @entity3123 cells. The cells (PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, and BxPC-3) were treated with different doses of @entity3090 (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 micromol/L) for 48 hours in culture medium. Proliferation of @entity3123 cells was measured by means of the WST-1 colorimetric assay. For the study of cell invasion, the cells were incubated with 100 micromol/L @entity3090 for 2 hours. Then, the cells were added into the cell insert, coated with Matrigel basement membrane matrix. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, the cells that had invaded through the Matrigel were counted visually under the microscope. RESULTS: The growth of all three @entity3123 cells was significantly suppressed by @entity3090 treatment in a dose-dependent manner. @entity3090 treatment caused significant suppression of the invasive ability of @entity3123 cells PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, and BxPC-3 but did not affect the cell cycle protein @entity4910 . CONCLUSION: @entity3090 may be a potent biologic inhibitor of @entity1 @entity3123 , reducing their proliferative and invasive activities.

title: Suppression of @entity1 @entity3123 cell growth and invasion by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinomas', 'pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 . During the last few decades, @entity130 systems have evolved to improve the care of the injured with an ultimate goal of saving lives. As a result, pediatric @entity130 centers (PTC) have been established to optimize outcomes for injured @entity1 . We sought to determine whether injured @entity1 treated at PTC or adult @entity130 centers (ATC) with added qualifications to treat injured @entity1 receive better @entity130 care than those treated at other hospitals or @entity130 centers. METHODS: We reviewed more than 60 published studies on pediatric @entity130 outcomes. The studies included registry analysis: single and multihospital experience; abdominal, head and neck, and @entity130 ; as well as functional outcomes. RESULTS: The data show that most injured @entity1 are not treated at PTC due to the geographically limited distribution of such specialized care, lack of pediatric surgeons, and other specialists. These limitations create persistent disparities in outcomes for injured @entity1 depending on where they are treated. Some of the larger database analyses suggest lower mortality rate, better outcome for nonoperative treatment of blunt @entity3511 , and improved overall functional outcome for those @entity1 treated at PTC. However, others fail to demonstrate differences for @entity1 treated at ATC or ATC with added qualifications. CONCLUSION: Although this analysis does not provide a definitive answer to the question as to which type of @entity130 center provides better care for injured pediatric @entity1 , it identifies current gaps and disparities in the care of injured @entity1 that can be remedied through education and training.

title: Disparities in the delivery of pediatric XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma', 'thoracic trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Thirty-three @entity1 (10 to 15 years of age) with myelomeningocele were studied to determine isometric muscle strength of hip and knee extension, range of hip and knee extension, usual and maximal ambulatory velocities, maximal aerobic capacity, and the energy cost ( @entity26 uptake) of ambulation versus wheelchair usage in subjects who both walked and wheeled. Subjects were placed into one of four groups depending on their level of motor function (those with motor levels at L2 and above, @entity6357 , L5 to sacral, and without @entity51 ). Maximal ambulatory velocity correlated with strength of the hip extensor (r = 0.85) and knee extensor (r = 0.81) muscles. All variables were found highly dependent upon the level of motor function. Subjects with the greatest deficits had the most significant @entity73 . It was found, however, that subjects without @entity51 had impairments in the usual speed of ambulation (9%), maximal running velocity (20%), and VO2 max (13%). These deficits were due to the measured strength deficits in these subjects as compared to normal values. This finding underscores the importance of quantitative assessment of muscle strength as significant deficits in strength can be missed with manual muscle testing. In those subjects who walked and wheeled, wheeling was found much more energy efficient. Wheeling at 4.8 km/hr was 11% more efficient than walking at 33% that velocity.

title: Physical activity capacity in XXXX with myelomeningocele.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments and vice versa']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: To assess the hypoglycemic effect of the nopal Opuntia streptacantha Lemaire (O. streptacantha Lem.), three groups of @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) were studied. Group one (16 @entity1 ) ingested 500 g of broiled nopal stems. Group 2 (10 @entity1 ) received only 400 ml of water as a control test. Three tests were performed on group 3 (6 @entity1 ): one with nopal, a second with water, and a third with ingestion of 500 g broiled squash. Serum @entity413 and insulin levels were measured at 0, 60, 120, and 180 min. After the intake of O. streptacantha Lem., serum @entity413 and serum insulin levels decreased significantly in groups 1 and 3, whereas no similar changes were noticed in group 2. The mean reduction of @entity413 reached 17.6 +/- 2.2% of basal values at 180 min in group 1 and 16.2 +/- 1.8% in group 3; the reduction of serum insulin at 180 min reached 50.2 +/- 8.0% in group 1 and 40.3 +/- 12.4% in group 3. This study shows that the stems of O. streptacantha Lem. cause a hypoglycemic effect in @entity1 with @entity2175 . The mechanism of this effect is unknown, but an @entity1720 is suggested.

title: Hypoglycemic effect of Opuntia streptacantha Lemaire in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['NIDDM']


abstract: The authors report dural sinus @entity715 diagnosed in 2 @entity1 based on noninvasive imaging results, which were revealed to be @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) diagnosed using digital subtraction (DS) angiography. The first @entity1 was a 63-year-old @entity1 who presented with @entity10 . Magnetic resonance venography was performed and suggested dural sinus @entity2458 . He was administered @entity1229 anticoagulation therapy but then suffered multiple @entity932 . A DS angiogram was requested for a possible dural sinus thrombectomy, but the DS angiogram revealed a DAVF. The @entity1 underwent serial liquid embolization with complete obliteration of the DAVF. The second @entity1 , an 11-year-old @entity1 , also presented with @entity10 and was diagnosed with dural sinus @entity715 on MR imaging. A DS angiogram was also requested for a possible thrombectomy and revealed a DAVF. This @entity1 underwent serial liquid embolization and eventual operative resection. These reports emphasize that different @entity66 can appear similar on noninvasive imaging and that proper diagnosis is critical to avoid contraindicated therapies.

title: @entity2457 masquerading as dural sinus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'man']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous flow abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'DAVFs']

entities_list: @entity2458 :: ('MESH:D020227', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis of the left transverse sinus and jugular vein']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the @entity5 stem cell populations in @entity418 cell lines KYSE150 and @entity15463 and identify whether resulting stem-like cell spheres display radiation resistance characteristics. METHODS: Serum-free medium (SFM) suspension was used to culture the @entity418 stem cell lines and enrich the esophageal stem-like cell spheres. RT-PCR assay was used to detect the stem cell gene expression in the sphere cells. Radiosensitivity of the sphere cells and parental cells were evaluated by clone formation assay. Different cells after irradiation at different doses were tested to evaluate the changes of sphere formation, and cell cycle and @entity1759 (+) @entity15464 (+) expression of the sphere cells were also analyzed by flow cytometry before and after irradiation. RESULTS: Cancer stem-like cell spheres were generated from @entity1 and @entity15463 cells and enriched by culture in serum-free medium, and the number of spheres was increasing alone with the increase of cell passages. The numbers of spheres formed from the 1 @entity19 nd and 3rd generations of @entity1 cells were 25    2, 37    2 and 47    3, respectively. The numbers of spheres formed from the 1 @entity19 nd and 3rd generations of @entity15463 cells were 15    3, 24    3 and 36    4, respectively. Certain doses of radiation increased the sphere formation rate. The average survival fraction (SF2) of the suspension-cultured @entity1 stem-like cell spheres after 2 Gy irradiation were 0.81    0.03 and 0.69    0.04, while that of @entity15463 parental cells were 0.87    0.01 and 0.80    0.03 (P < 0.05 for all). In the esophageal parental @entity1 and @entity15463 cells, arrest at G2 phase was induced after irradiation. After the same dose of irradiation, the inhibition of proliferation of the @entity5 stem cells was lower than that of the parent cells (P < 0.05). After 0, 4 and 8 Gy irradiation, the @entity1759 (+) @entity15464 (+) cell percentage of @entity1 parental cells were (1.08    0.03)%, (1.29    0.07)% and (1.11    0.09)%; the @entity1759 (+) @entity15464 (+) cell percentage of @entity15463 parental cells were (1.16    0.11)%, (0.97    0.08)% and (1.45    0.35)% (P > 0.05 for all). After 0, 4 and 8 Gy irradiation, the percentage of @entity1759 (+) @entity15464 (+) cells of @entity1 stem cell-like spheres were (35.83    1.23)%, (44.90    1.67)% and (57.77    1.88)%, and that of @entity15463 stem cell-like spheres were (16.07    0.91)%, (22.67    1.12)% and (33.27    1.07)%. Compared the 4 Gy and 8 Gy irradiated @entity1 and @entity15463 stem-like cell spheres with the 0 Gy irradiated spheres, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 stem cells in KYSE150 and @entity15463 spheres are more radio-resistant than their parental cells. It may suggest that @entity5 stem cell populations in the @entity418 cells are related to the mechanism of occurrence of radioresistance.

title: [Radiobiological characteristics of XXXX stem cells from @entity418 cell lines].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A growth factor has been isolated from HTC-SR @entity35 @entity157 tissue culture cells which specifically stimulates DNA synthesis and cell proliferation of the HTC cells that produce it. The factor can be isolated from HTC cell conditioned medium or from an HTC cell extract. This autocrine factor has been purified 640-fold from a postmicrosomal supernatant by successive steps, involving @entity1068 precipitation, heating at 80 degrees C for 10 min, chromatography on a DEAE Bio-Gel A column, and chromatography on a heparin-sepharose affinity column. The major peak of activity eluted from the heparin column migrates as a single band on @entity214 -PAGE with an apparent Mr of 60,000. The factor is resistant to acid, heat, and neuraminidase but sensitive to trypsin, papain, and protease. The autocrine nature of the factor is indicated by the finding that several other types of cells do not respond with increased DNA synthesis. @entity19 L-cells, BHK cells, Novikoff @entity157 cells, hepatocytes in primary culture, and an epithelial-like @entity35 liver-derived cell line (Clone 9) were tested, and none of the cells could be stimulated. Small amounts of the factor could be extracted from the Clone 9 cells, however. This material had the same physical and purification properties as the factor extracted from HTC cells, but it did not stimulate DNA synthesis in Clone 9 cells, only in HTC cells. Addition of the factor resulted in an almost immediate stimulation of DNA synthesis in a proliferating HTC cell population. When the factor was added together with @entity665 for 2 h, a significant stimulation of DNA synthesis was observed, provided the addition was made between 18 and 48 h after the cells had been plated. Autoradiographic studies indicated that the factor both accelerates DNA synthesis in cells already making DNA and increases the number of cells entering the S period. The stimulation of DNA synthesis was completely inhibited by 10 mM @entity1862 , whether the factor was present for 2, 24, or 48 h in the culture. A significant increase in cell number due to addition of the factor was also observed. This accelerated proliferation was detectable only after the cells had been in culture for at least 48 h with the factor present.

title: Isolation of an autocrine growth factor from XXXX HTC-SR cells.

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) results in the formation of @entity2275 and the optimal treatments for such @entity1066 are still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of @entity21209 in the management of EMR-induced @entity1066 by comparing it with an H(2) receptor antagonist. After EMR, @entity1 were randomly assigned into either @entity21209 or @entity6359 groups. All @entity1 received a one-week @entity10042 30 mg q.d. therapy followed by three-week @entity6359 (20 mg b.i.d.) or @entity21209 (100 mg t.i.d.) therapy. Four weeks after the treatments, @entity1066 sizes, stages, @entity548 rates, and @entity1066 were compared using endoscopy and a questionnaire. A total of 63 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. Finally, 51 @entity1 were analyzed, 26 in @entity21209 and 25 in @entity6359 group. Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. Four weeks after EMR, the two groups were comparable in terms of @entity1066 reduction ratio (P=0.297), and @entity1066 stage (P=1.000). Moreover, no difference was observed with regard to @entity1066 , drug compliance, adverse drug event rates, and @entity548 rates. Our data suggest that @entity21209 is not inferior to @entity6359 in healing @entity2275 , and could be a therapeutic option in the treatment of such @entity1066 .

title: XXXX may be comparable to H2 receptor antagonist in healing @entity2275 created by endoscopic mucosal resection: a prospective randomized pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer-related symptoms', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity21209 :: ('MESH:C052785', 'Chemical') :: ['rebamipide']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity21209 :: (MESH:C052785,Chemical) :: ['Rebamipide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is applied to improve the prognosis of @entity1 with advanced @entity356 . However, only a major histopathological response will provide a benefit. Recent studies suggest that @entity419 -positron-emission-tomography (FDG-PET) correlates with response and survival in @entity1 with @entity420 undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We evaluated the potential of FDG-PET for the assessment of response and prognosis in the multimodality treatment of @entity356 . METHODS: Study @entity1 were recruited from a prospective observation trial. Forty two @entity1 with advanced @entity356 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and subsequently 40 @entity1 underwent standardized gastrectomy (2 @entity1 with @entity5 progression had therapy limited to palliative chemotherapy without surgery). Histomorphologic regression was defined as major response when resected specimens contained <10% vital @entity5 cells. FDG-PET was performed before and 2 weeks after the end of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with assessment of the intratumoral FDG-uptake [pre-treatment standardized uptake value (SUV1); post-treatment SUV (SUV2); percentage change (SUVDelta%)]. RESULTS: Histomorphological @entity5 regression was confirmed as a prognostic factor (P = 0.039). No significant correlations between SUV1, SUV2, or SUVDelta% and response or prognosis were found. CONCLUSION: FDG-PET seems not to be an imaging system that effectively characterizes major/minor response and survival in @entity1 with @entity356 following multimodality treatment.

title: XXXX -positron emission tomography for the assessment of histopathologic response and prognosis after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: AIMS: To describe self-management, symptom monitoring and the associated influences among older adults with @entity1030 . BACKGROUND: Optimal self-management and monitoring of key symptoms in @entity1 with @entity1030 reduces dyspnoea and preventable hospitalizations. METHOD: A prospective, descriptive survey design was used and data collected from @entity1 with moderate severity @entity1030 during home interviews between April 2005 and June 2006. Predictors of self-management and symptom monitoring were determined by linear regression analyses. RESULTS: @entity1 ' (n = 78) mean age was 73.37 years (SD 7.52); 55.1% were male and 66.7% were married. Most (92.3%) had concurrent illnesses, and 48.7% had been admitted to hospital for @entity1030 in the past 6 months. Self-management was good to very good, with poorer self-management predicted by lower self-efficacy (beta = -0.21), a weaker sense of coherence (beta = -0.03), and no hospitalization in the past 6 months (beta = -05). Symptom monitoring was not ideal, with more than 20% of @entity1 not monitoring any of the key symptoms. More frequent symptom monitoring occurred among @entity1 who were married (beta = 5.14) and had more severe disease (beta = 0.79). CONCLUSION: As self-management and symptom monitoring ensure better outcomes among @entity1 with @entity1030 , health professionals should encourage these behaviours. Involving partners, promoting self-efficacy and understanding of sense of coherence are helpful in this process.

title: Self-management and symptom monitoring among older adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participants', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously investigated the microlocalisation of M1 and M2 macrophages in NSCLC. This study investigated the non-macrophage (NM) expression of proteins associated with M1 and M2 macrophages in NSCLC. METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry, @entity469 (+) macrophages and proteins associated with either a cytotoxic M1 phenotype (HLA-DR, iNOS, and @entity11771 , or a non-cytotoxic M2 phenotype ( @entity11772 and @entity7 ) were identified. NM expression of the markers was analysed in the islets and stroma of surgically resected @entity5 from 20 @entity1 with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (median 92.7 months) and 20 @entity1 with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (median 7.7 months). RESULTS: The NM expression of NM-HLA-DR (p<0.001), NM-iNOS (p=0.02) and NM- @entity11773 /14 (p=0.02) was increased in @entity1349 compared to @entity1349 @entity1 in the @entity5 islets. The @entity5 islet expression of NM- @entity7 , was decreased in @entity1349 compared to @entity1349 @entity1 (p<0.001). There was more NM- @entity11772 expression (p=0.04) but less NM-iNOS (p=0.002) and @entity11771 (p=0.01) expression in the stroma of @entity1349 @entity1 compared with @entity1349 @entity1 . The 5-year survival for @entity1 with above and below median NM expression of the markers in the islets was 74.9% versus 4.7% (NM-HLA-DR p<0.001), 65.0% versus 14.6% (NM-iNOS p=0.003), and 54.3% versus 22.2% (NM- @entity11773 /14 p=0.04), as opposed to 34.1% versus 44.4% (NM- @entity11772 p=0.41) and 19.4% versus 59.0% (NM- @entity7 p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Cell proteins associated with M1 and M2 macrophages are also expressed by other cell types in the @entity5 islets and stroma of @entity1 with NSCLC. Their tissue and cellular microlocalisation is associated with important differences in clinical outcome.

title: The tissue microlocalisation and cellular expression of @entity11772 , XXXX , HLA-DR, iNOS, and @entity11773 /14 is correlated to clinical outcome in NSCLC.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['PS', 'ES', 'poor survival', 'extended survival']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared with administration in the catheterization laboratory, early treatment with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors provides benefits to @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 who undergo primary percutaneous intervention. Whether this benefit is maintained on top of a 600 mg loading dose of @entity1397 is unknown. METHODS: In a multicentre, controlled, randomized study, 320 @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention received a high-dose bolus of @entity6541 given either in the ambulance (prehospital group) or in the catheterization laboratory. The primary endpoint was a TIMI flow grade 2-3 of the infarct-related vessel at initial angiography. Secondary endpoints included ST-segment resolution 1h after percutaneous coronary intervention and peak serum troponin I concentration. RESULTS: Tirofiban was administered 48 (95% confidence interval 21.4-75.0) min earlier in the prehospital group. At initial angiography, the combined incidence of TIMI 2-3 flow was 39.7% in the catheterization-laboratory group and 44.2% in the prehospital group (p=0.45). No difference was found on postpercutaneous intervention angiography or peak troponin concentration. Complete ST-segment resolution 60 min after the start of intervention was 55.4% in the catheterization-laboratory group and 52.6% in the prehospital group (p=0.32). CONCLUSION: Prehospital initiation of high-dose bolus tirofiban did not improve significantly initial TIMI 2 or 3 flow of the @entity1188 or complete ST-segment resolution after coronary intervention compared with initiation of tirofiban in the catheterization laboratory (NCT00538317).

title: Prehospital high-dose tirofiban in XXXX undergoing primary percutaneous intervention. The AGIR-2 study.

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity6541 :: ('CHEBI:9605', 'Chemical') :: ['tirofiban']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: To describe interferon-y release assay (IGRA) and @entity272 ( @entity272 ) discordance and their associated factors in @entity1 with @entity1596 . METHODS: Prospective study of 102 consecutive new @entity1 presenting with @entity1596 to a tertiary referral centre. All @entity1 underwent a complete ocular and systemic examination at presentation, with QuantiFERON-Gold in-tube (QFT), T-SPOT. @entity1906 and @entity272 performed. Discordant results of @entity272 /QFT, @entity272 /T-SPOT. @entity1906 and QFT/T-SPOT. @entity1906 were analysed. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with discordant results. RESULTS: There was fair agreement between @entity272 and T-SPOT. @entity1906 (k=0.371, p<0.001); moderate agreement between @entity272 and QFT (k=0.471, p<0.001). Both IGRAs showed good agreement (k=0.668, p<0.001). The discordance rate between the @entity272 /QFT was 26.5%, while @entity272 /T-SPOT. @entity1906 was 31.4%. The discordance rate between the IGRAs was 16.7%. There was a significant association between @entity272 /IGRA discordance with increasing age (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.99; p=0.022), less likely with @entity5863 (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.86; p=0.032), and with Indian ethnicity (OR 14.07, 95% CI 1.45 to 137.03; p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Discordance of IGRA and @entity272 results is common and requires further study. In our study in @entity1 with @entity1596 , we found that ethnicity, age, and type of @entity1596 were some significant factors associated with @entity272 /IGRA discordance, which may need to be taken into consideration when interpreting these results.

title: Discordance of two interferon-y release assays and tuberculin skin test in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['IGRA/tuberculin skin test', 'TST']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: @entity4712 is a group of rare genetic conditions (incidence, 1/7500 births) related to mutations in the collagen genes. Both the mutations and the clinical features vary widely across affected @entity1 . The main manifestations are craniofacial @entity600 , @entity79 , @entity735 , and @entity393 . @entity4712 may be revealed at birth (25% of cases) by a combination of @entity2419 , @entity8895 , and micrognathism known as Pierre Robin sequence, which may cause neonatal respiratory problems. The @entity735 include severe @entity1714 , abnormalities of the vitreous, and a high risk of @entity1713 (60% of cases), which may cause @entity1939 (4% of cases). Severe @entity393 with onset in early childhood may impair performance at school. @entity571 (75% of @entity1 ) with onset before 30 years of age is a severe manifestation that causes chronic hip and low back @entity2531 . Joint replacement surgery is often required. The risk associated with multiple anesthesias is highest in @entity1 with @entity2122 . The bone status may deserve to be evaluated, as the combination of genetic @entity66 may promote @entity604 . Clinicians should be cognizant of @entity4712 so that they can detect the disease in @entity1 and their family members, prevent functional impairments, organize a multidisciplinary management strategy, and arrange for genetic counseling.

title: Early-onset progressive XXXX with hereditary progressive ophtalmopathy or Stickler syndrome.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial defects']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities and physical impairments']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity4712 :: ('MESH:C580472', 'Disease') :: ['Stickler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity8895 :: ('MESH:D063173', 'Disease') :: ['retrognathism']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and joint symptoms']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain and functional impairments']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is common in Canadian hospitalized @entity1 , yet system-wide @entity3147 screening is not mandatory in Canada. AIMS: Our goal was to define the point prevalence of @entity3147 risk at a major tertiary care center in Hamilton, Ontario, using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) to determine feasibility of hospital-wide screening in the Canadian context. METHODS: After research ethics approval was obtained, we arranged for a clinical nutrition support team to conduct the MUST screening on all inpatients at Hamilton Health Sciences, Juravinski site, a large academic acute care hospital. RESULTS: A total of 315 @entity1 were included (female, n = 160 [51%]; male, n = 155 [49%]; average age, 71 years). We identified 31% at high risk for @entity3147 and 14% at medium risk, keeping with reported rates of @entity3147 in the literature. Survey of dietitians and interns indicated that the MUST was easy to use and perform and that they had support of their unit supervisors. All respondents thought that the screen was useful and they wanted to repeat it. CONCLUSION: The MUST is an easy and efficient way to define point prevalence of @entity3147 risk in Canadian hospitalized @entity1 . Moving to system-wide nutritional screening will bring about the best practices in nutrition care with the involvement of key stakeholders and decision makers. Nutritional screening will allow us to utilize nutrition resources more efficiently, engage administrators in addressing shortfalls in nutrition care, and form a baseline for which to measure the efficacy of future nutritional interventions.

title: Malnutrition Matters in Canadian Hospitalized XXXX : Malnutrition Risk in Hospitalized @entity1 in a Tertiary Care Center Using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the safety of primary repair/ @entity254 for civilian @entity1049 after standard laparotomy (SL) has been established, recent civilian and military reports have questioned the advisability of this technique in the @entity1 requiring damage control laparotomy (DL). We hypothesized that, even in the high-risk DL group, primary repair could be safely used after @entity1 stabilization and that the open abdomen would facilitate the safety of this procedure. METHODS: All @entity1 admitted to our level 1 @entity130 center with a @entity1049 over a 7-year period were reviewed from a prospectively collected database. @entity1 were categorized as having undergone either SL or DL at initial operation. Primary variables of interest were as follows: injury patterns; method of primary repair (suture repair, resection and primary @entity254 , resection and delayed @entity254 ); diversion techniques (planned diversion or diversion for anastomotic dehiscence); and colon-related morbidity and mortality. High-risk status in the DL group was identified by the following physiologic variables: mean injury severity score (ISS), red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, ventilator days, and intensive care unit (ICU) duration of stay. RESULTS: During the study period, 309 @entity1 had colonic wounds identified at laparotomy. Of these 309 @entity1 , 280 (91%) underwent SL, of which 277 (98.9%) had primary colonic repair/ @entity254 . In the SL group, 1 (0.3%) @entity1 required diversion for subsequent leak and 2 (0.6%) @entity1 had planned diversion The remaining 29 hemodynamically unstable @entity1 required DL. Mean +/- standard deviation indices of injury severity in this group included: ISS = 36.2 +/- 15.8, RBC = 28.7 +/- 25.4 units, ventilator days = 20.1 +/- 16.3, ICU duration of stay = 29.5 +/- 21.6 days. Of the 29 @entity1 in the DL group, 21 (72%) had bowel continuity successfully reestablished in 2.6 +/- 2 days after initial attempts at primary suture repair or resection/ @entity254 . A total of 4 (16.6%) @entity1 in this group developed @entity1049 , 3 of whom were treated with subsequent diversion before definitive abdominal closure. One @entity1 developed a late leak. (day 43). Another 4 (13.8%) @entity1 had planned diversion for injuries that were considered to be high risk for leak at subsequent reexploration. There were no colon-related deaths in either group. CONCLUSION: Primary repair of @entity1049 appears safe in the majority of @entity1 after DL. Although it is associated with a higher leak rate than SL, the open abdomen affords careful inspection of abdominal contents at reexploration to identify @entity1 who require subsequent diversion.

title: Primary repair of civilian XXXX is safe in the damage control scenario.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colon-related complications', 'colon injury', 'colon injuries']

answer: @entity1049 :: (MESH:D003108,Disease) :: ['colon injuries']


abstract: Kidneys, surgically removed due to @entity189 , were subjected to perfusion in vitro. The perfusion distribution was studied by means of labeled microspheres injected during maximal @entity384 and during two different @entity1063 concentrations. The perfusion concluded with injection of @entity6680 . Two-mm-thick slices of tissue were autoradiographed and microangiographed for visualization of perfusion and distribution of vascular density, respectively. Multiple specimens from @entity5 and cortical tissues were subjected to quantitative perfusate flow analysis. In spite of regionally high vascular density, perfusion through "normal-sized" capillaries was very low in @entity5 tissue as compared to cortex (during maximal dilation, one-tenth of the cortical flow). During moderate @entity1063 infusion, the perfusate flow decreased, and the resistance of the cortex increased. The flow to @entity5 tissue increased while the vascular resistance remained constant. During higher @entity1063 concentrations, the flow was redistributed; i.e., the cortical flow increased while that of the @entity5 decreased, due to a marked increase in @entity5 vascular resistance while the cortical tissue showed a very moderate rise in resistance. The thin-walled @entity5 vessels might be collapsed under a high tissue pressure at low perfusion pressures. At higher perfusion pressure, the vessels might open up, and contractile activity may not be expressed until then. The @entity5 vascular resistance increased 3 to 4 times, while that of cortex showed a 7-fold increase. Indications that a considerable fraction of the perfusate passes arteriovenous passages larger than 15 micron were obtained in individual experiments, this fraction increasing upon @entity1063 infusion.

title: Perfusion characteristics and XXXX reactivity of human renal carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity6680 :: ('MESH:D001466', 'Chemical') :: ['barium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dilation']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: Drugs may affect @entity344 and, therefore, absorption of other concomitantly administered drugs. Gastrointestinal prokinetic agents increase the rate of @entity356 emptying and also upper intestinal motility. These effects would be expected to increase the initial rate of absorption of orally administered drugs, but reduce total bioavailability of the agents. @entity1769 has been shown to increase the rate of absorption of several classes of drug, reflected by reduced time taken to achieve maximal plasma concentration (tmax) and increased maximal plasma concentration (Cmax). However, the effect of these agents on the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0-infinity), when measured, is not consistent. @entity4392 and @entity2211 appear to have similar effects, but there are relatively less data available regarding these products. Opioids may delay @entity356 emptying considerably, an effect which will often have significant clinical and therapeutic implications. Most of the data confirming this observation concern oral analgesics, but the effect should be considered when prescribing any oral medication. Drugs with anticholinergic or sympathomimetic activity are likely to have a similar effect and this is confirmed, in the main, by the limited data available. Although many effects reported in the literature are of limited clinical importance, they may be significant when prescribing a drug with a narrow therapeutic index, especially if it is absorbed poorly.

title: Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with XXXX modifying agents.

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisapride']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motility']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['Metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal motility']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study in @entity1 with @entity6 was undertaken 1) to evaluate cardiac sympathetic innervation in @entity6 @entity1 using @entity7990 (MIBG) imaging; 2) to study the relation between autonomic function assessed by clinical maneuvers and abnormalities in MIBG uptake; and 3) to examine the basis for our previous observation of an association between @entity16 and silent @entity741 . BACKGROUND: The clinical detection of @entity5433 in @entity6 has been linked to both abnormal perception of @entity158 , including angina, and poor prognosis. METHODS: Uptake of MIBG was measured by dual-isotope imaging in 23 normal subjects and 65 asymptomatic @entity6 @entity1 . Silent @entity741 was defined as the presence of a reversible perfusion defect in @entity1 with @entity308 . RESULTS: The MIBG uptake in the @entity6 @entity1 was significantly lower than that in normal subjects in the apex (67 +/- 17% vs. 82 +/- 7%, p = 0.0001), distal third (77 +/- 11% vs. 85 +/- 3%, p = 0.0001), proximal third (77 +/- 9% vs. 84 +/- 3%, p = 0.0001) and base (71 +/- 9% vs. 80 +/- 4%, p = 0.0001) of the left ventricle. Similarly, MIBG uptake was variable across different vascular territories. When MIBG uptake was corrected for perfusion abnormalities, @entity6 @entity1 had a greater MIBG uptake defect than normal subjects on visual score assessment (16 +/- 13 vs. 8 +/- 7%, p = 0.0002) and on quantitative MIBG mismatch assessment (13 +/- 15% vs. 2 +/- 2%, p = 0.0001). @entity6 @entity1 with versus without @entity5433 had more extensive MIBG uptake mismatch (17 +/- 17% vs. 4 +/- 6%, p = 0.0001). There was a greater diffuse abnormality in @entity6 @entity1 with versus without silent @entity741 detected by sestamibi/MIBG uptake ratio (68 +/- 35% vs. 19 +/- 33%, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sympathetic cardiac innervation in normal subjects is inhomogeneous. In contrast to normal subjects, @entity6 @entity1 have evidence of a significant reduction in MIBG uptake, most likely on the basis of @entity5433 . Furthermore, @entity6 @entity1 with silent @entity741 have evidence of a diffuse abnormality in MIBG uptake, suggesting that abnormalities in @entity158 perception may be linked to sympathetic denervation.

title: XXXX imaging in @entity6 : assessment of cardiac sympathetic denervation and its relation to @entity5433 and silent @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in autonomic nervous system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['metaiodobenzylguanidine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity7990 :: (MESH:D019797,Chemical) :: ['Metaiodobenzylguanidine']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: @entity15212 ( @entity15212 ) has various extra-pancreatic actions, in addition to its enhancement of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. The @entity17121 is produced in kidney tissue. However, the direct effect of @entity15212 on @entity2316 remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that a @entity17121 agonist, exendin-4, exerts renoprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory action via the @entity17121 without lowering blood @entity413 . METHODS: We administered exendin-4 at 10  g/kg body weight daily for 8 weeks to a @entity3839 -induced @entity35 model of type 1 @entity6 and evaluated their urinary albumin excretion, metabolic data, histology and morphometry. We also examined the direct effects of exendin-4 on glomerular endothelial cells and macrophages in vitro. RESULTS: Exendin-4 ameliorated @entity633 , glomerular hyperfiltration, glomerular @entity1184 and mesangial matrix expansion in the @entity6 @entity35 without changing blood pressure or body weight. Exendin-4 also prevented macrophage infiltration, and decreased protein levels of @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ) and type IV collagen, as well as decreasing oxidative stress and nuclear factor-kB activation in kidney tissue. In addition, we found that the @entity17121 was produced on monocytes/macrophages and glomerular endothelial cells. We demonstrated that in vitro exendin-4 acted directly on the @entity17121 , and attenuated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages and @entity1590 production on glomerular endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These results indicate that @entity17121 agonists may prevent disease progression in the early stage of @entity2316 through direct effects on the @entity17121 in kidney tissue.

title: @entity15212 receptor agonist ameliorates renal injury through its anti-inflammatory action without lowering blood @entity413 level in a XXXX model of type 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was planned to compare the outcomes between supervised and home-based exercise training in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: The study was conducted at the Department of Physical Therapy in Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, @entity233 between 2000 and 2001. Twenty-two @entity1 with stable @entity712 were randomly assigned to the supervised exercise training group (n=11) or the home-based exercise training group (n=11). Symptom-limited maximal exercise tests with gas exchange analysis were carried out before randomization. Work load equivalent to 60% of achieved peak heart rate at the tests was determined as exercise training work load for each subject. Both groups participated in a program of 3 exercise training sessions per week for 3 months. The exercise tests were repeated after 3 months. RESULTS: After training, peak exercise duration increased significantly in the supervised exercise training group and the home-based exercise training group (p<0.05). There was substantial improvement in peak VO2 with exercise training in the supervised exercise training group (p<0.05) but, peak VO2 did not change significantly in the home-based exercise training group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Supervised and home-based exercise training enhanced exercise capacity in @entity1 with @entity712 . The training program must be tailored to each @entity1 's specific limitations, individual needs and possibilities. Home-based exercise training may be a training alternative to stable @entity712 @entity1 who prefer not to participate in an outpatient supervised training program.

title: Comparison of supervised exercise training and home-based exercise training in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of @entity5 focality on type of surgery, local recurrence rate, and survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for @entity0 is not fully understood. This study aimed to compare local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) according to focality stratified by type of surgery and pathologic complete response (pCR), with a focus on breast conservation. METHODS: @entity1 (n  =  6,134) in the GeparTrio, GeparQuattro, and GeparQuinto trials with operable or locally advanced @entity5 receiving NACT were classified as having unifocal (1 lesion), multifocal (>= 2 lesions in 1 quadrant), or multicentric (>= 1 lesion in >= 2 quadrants) disease. The study investigated LRFS, DFS, and @entity1349 according to focality stratified by type of surgery and pathologic complete response. RESULTS: The @entity1 were classified as having unifocal (n  =  4,733, 77.1  %), multifocal (n  =  820, 13.4  %), or multicentric (n  =  581, 9.5  %) @entity5 . The respective pCR rates were 19.4, 16.5, and 14.4  %. Breast conservation was performed for 71.6, 58.5, and 30  % of these @entity1 , respectively (P  <  0.001). The LRFS rate was 92.9  % for the unifocal, 95.1  % for the multifocal, and 90.4  % for the @entity5 (P  =  0.002). The @entity1 with @entity5 but not the @entity1 with @entity5 had worse DFS (P  <  0.001) and @entity1349 (P  =  0.009) than the @entity1 with @entity5 . However, LRFS, DFS, and @entity1349 were not inferior for the @entity1 with @entity5 if pCR was achieved or breast conservation was performed after NACT. CONCLUSION: Breast conservation is feasible for clinically multifocal or @entity0 @entity1 who undergo NACT without worsening LRFS if @entity5 -free margins can be attained or if @entity1 achieve a pCR.

title: Impact of Multifocal or Multicentric Disease on Surgery and Locoregional, Distant and Overall Survival of 6,134 @entity0 XXXX Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multifocal tumors', 'unifocal tumors', 'multicentric tumors', 'tumors', 'multicentric or multifocal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'multicentric breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the surgical results of the en bloc @entity8 with a bladder cuff by using our modified pluck method. METHODS: We employed this procedure in 28 @entity1 with @entity703 . The clinical stages of the 28 @entity1 were T(1-3)N(0-1)M(0). These @entity1 were operated on by nephrectomy with standard open or retroperitoneoscopic surgery, and then standard or blind dissection of the distal ureter. After simultaneously making a transurethral circular incision of the ureteral meatus with a J-shaped electrode, the ureteral end was plucked out of the bladder, and en bloc @entity8 was performed from the wound. RESULTS: The mean operating time for nephroureterectomy using the pluck method was 278 min in all cases. The mean time for the pluck procedure after nephrectomy was 24 min in 22 cases, and 73 min in six cases where the nephrectomy was carried out via a new lower pararectal wound. There were no intra- or postoperative complications associated with these procedures. Within the mean follow-up period of 25 months, there was no recurrence of @entity5 in the perivesical retroperitoneal space; however, the usual rate of intravesical recurrence was observed. Three @entity1 died, two of metastatic @entity5 and one of @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: En bloc nephroureterectomy using our modified pluck method is a useful procedure for @entity1 with upper @entity5 because of the simplicity and ease of the procedure.

title: Modified pluck method in en bloc nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff for upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the kidney and ureter']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvic and ureteral cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urothelial cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional convenience sample. OBJECTIVES: To describe the distribution of scores for pressure @entity158 threshold ( @entity3445 ) at 2 standardized testing sites in @entity1 with @entity4048 of less than 90 days' duration: the angle of the upper trapezius and the belly of the tibialis anterior. A secondary objective was to identify important influences on @entity3445 . BACKGROUND: @entity3445 may be a valuable assessment and prognostic indicator for @entity1 with @entity4048 . However, to facilitate interpretation of scores, knowledge of means and variance for the target population, as well as factors that might influence scores, is needed. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from community-based physiotherapy clinics and underwent @entity3445 testing using a digital algometer and standardized protocol. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviations, quartiles, skewness, and kurtosis) were calculated for the 2 sites. Simple bivariate tests of association were conducted to explore potential moderators. RESULTS: A positively skewed distribution was described for the 2 standardized sites. Significant moderators were sex (male higher than female), age (r = 0.22), and self-reported @entity158 intensity (r = -0.24). Neither litigation status nor most symptomatic/least symptomatic side influenced @entity3445 . CONCLUSIONS: This manuscript presents information regarding the expected scores for @entity3445 testing in @entity1 with @entity12761 . Clinicians can compare the results of individual @entity1 against these population values, and researchers can incorporate the significant confounders of age, sex, and self-reported @entity158 intensity into future research designs.

title: A descriptive study of pressure XXXX threshold at 2 standardized sites in @entity1 with @entity12761 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['acute or subacute neck pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) after coronary artery bypass graft surgery constitutes the most common sustained @entity943 and results in many complications. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of prophylactic use of beta-blockers against @entity955 in off-pump surgery @entity1 in the early postoperative period. METHODS: From 2002 to 2005, 78 @entity1 were enrolled and 41 @entity1 received 50 mg @entity12404 daily, which was initiated minimum four days before surgery. Preoperative beta-blocking therapy was continued until the morning of surgery. Thirty-seven @entity1 were free of beta-blocker therapy. @entity7368 was used within same range of doses in both groups during operations. Both groups received @entity12404 following operations. The frequency of @entity955 occurrence was analysed from the operation time to the sixth postoperative day. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 developed @entity955 with an overall incidence of 22.5%. Four @entity1 from the study group and three @entity1 from the control group were excluded from the study because of transfer to on-pump surgery. There was no difference with regard to the number of grafts carried out, duration of operations and ventilation, intensive care unit stay and inotropic need among groups. Length of hospital stay did not differ among groups either. There was a higher incidence of postoperative @entity955 in @entity1 without beta-blocker prophylaxis (11.7-32.4% P=0.049). CONCLUSION: Low-dose postoperative beta-adrenergic blockade is valuable for @entity1 who receive these medications before off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting procedures and may be beneficial against @entity955 in all @entity1 .

title: Preoperative beta-blocker use reduces XXXX in off-pump coronary bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity12404 :: ('MESH:C402833', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol succinate']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']