abstract: Previous research has identified differences in carcass characteristics across SNP in the @entity291 @entity24168 gene at slaughter, but before feedlot operators implement selection and sorting strategies, more information is needed to determine how carcass characteristics change over time. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 2 @entity24168 SNP on growth curve parameters for BW and backfat. Two SNP (UASMS2 and @entity40291 ) were genotyped on 1,653 cross-bred steers and heifers in a commercial feedlot. Up to 4 serial measures of BW and ultrasound estimates of backfat thickness were taken for each animal from the time of placement on feed to slaughter. The measures were used to estimate growth models that describe changes in BW and backfat thickness as a function of days on feed. Data analysis was carried out by estimating nonlinear mixed models to determine the individual and joint effect of each SNP on growth curve parameters. Brody growth curves were fit to the BW data. Variations in the @entity40291 SNP did not significantly affect growth parameters individually or in combination with the UASMS2 SNP. Variations in the UASMS2 SNP were significant in Brody growth curve parameters for BW growth (P < 0.001). The genotype UASMS2-CC was the heaviest at the beginning of the feeding period and exhibited the largest asymptotic mature BW, but UASMS2-TT @entity291 exhibited the fastest rate of BW growth. A modified power function was fit to the serial ultrasound backfat measures. Models that included the combined effect of the @entity40291 and UASMS2 SNP provided the best fit to the data. Genotypes differed significantly in power function parameters for backfat growth (P < 0.001). The @entity40291 -CC/UASMS2-TT @entity291 had the smallest backfat thickness at placement. The genotype @entity40291 -CC/UASMS2-TT exhibited the fastest backfat growth rate, whereas backfat in @entity40291 -CC/UASMS2-CC @entity291 grew at the slowest rate. The association between @entity24168 genotype and growth in BW and backfat presents opportunities to identify genetically distinct @entity291 and to differentially optimize feeding times accordingly.

title: Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the XXXX gene with body weight and backfat growth curve parameters for beef @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity40291 :: ('p|SUB|R|25|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R25C']

answer: @entity24168 :: (280836(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: Reservations are expressed regarding the study of Lawson et al. which concluded that differences in fibrinolytic activity between smokers and nonsmokers play no part in @entity49 in @entity1 on oral contraceptives. The Lawson study design did not take into account modifying as well as initiating factors. It also excluded @entity1 who had died from @entity1031 and those who had such a mild case they were not hospitalized. Thus the full range of occurrence is not represented. Those who died might have had poor fibrinolytic responses. This could have been related to smoking. At the other extreme, the mild episodes could be associated with particularly active fibrinolytic response. Again the relationship to smoking needs to be investigated. Even if the balance between coagulation and fibrinolytic activity does not play much part in determining the onset of a @entity1211 , it may still affect the subsequent propagation and eventual size of the clot. Then smoking could be of considerable relevance. The Lawson study also drew conclusions on hemostatic mechanisms when no direct studies of these mechanisms were carried out. 2 prospective studies are underway which may answer these questions.

title: Oral contraceptives, smoking, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: 1. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship of psychopathological, psychobiological, and clinical psychological variables to short- and medium-term outcome in @entity161 . 2. The predictive power of several variables described as potential predictors in the literature were evaluated. To these we added clinical psychological variables; most of these had never been examined in a prospective study. 3. The sample consisted of a total of 45 @entity1 . None of the @entity1 was on medication and all were tested shortly after admission to the hospital. The following factors were regarded as outcome criteria: change in the GAS-score four weeks after admission, length of hospitalization after index admission, relapse nine months after admission and two years after discharge. 4. We found that the psychobiological data set as well as the clinical psychological data set had the highest predictive power with respect to short- and medium-term outcome. 5. An analysis of the single variables within the clinical psychological data set revealed that the @entity1 with @entity71 and a low Stimulus Barrier Function (Bellak-scale) responded better to a four-week @entity1767 treatment. @entity1 with a low Stimulus Barrier Function at admission had, in comparison to this, a poor outcome after two years (relapse). (No @entity1 was taking drugs regularly at this time.) The expressed emotion of the relative approached only significance (p less than .07) as a factor to be connected with relapse after two years. 6. As psychological factors the ANS activity and the CT were measured. The latter in order to evaluate possible @entity2342 in the brain. 7. Higher activity of the ANS was found in those @entity1 who were hospitalized for a longer period. Slight @entity2342 of the brain (CT scan) were related to poor outcome after two years (relapse). 8. No significant relationship was found between the psychopathological state at admission and short- or medium-term course of the illness. 9. The findings are interpreted as showing the importance of psychobiological as well as clinical psychological variables in order to uncover the factors related to the heterogeneous course of the @entity161 .

title: Findings significant with respect to short- and medium-term outcome in XXXX --a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic illness']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['Haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity2342 :: ('MESH:D004408', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic alterations']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: One hundred and forty-seven consecutive @entity1 with previously untreated high-intermedium and high clinical risk @entity4812 ( @entity4812 ) were included in a prospective clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of escalating doses of @entity1259 compared to standard doses in the CEOP-Bleo ( @entity786 , @entity1259 , @entity1891 and @entity229 and @entity1732 ) regimen, 55% of the @entity1 were > 60 years old and most @entity1 had adverse prognostic factors at diagnosis. Complete response rates were similar in both groups (68% in the standard dose compared to 73% in the escalating arm, (p = 0.5). However, time to treatment failure (TFF) and overall survival were better after escalating doses. At 3-years @entity19246 at a medial follow-up of 33.6 months was 76% in the @entity1 whose received escalating dose statistical different to 37% of the @entity1 whose received standard doses (p < .01). Overall survival was 81% in the escalated therapy arm which is statistical different to 40% of the @entity1 treated with standard doses (p < .01). @entity137 was mild in both arms. @entity1398 , @entity33 and @entity1370 were mild in the escalated dose arm and no severe complications were observed. All @entity1 received the planned doses of all drugs. @entity1 > 60 years old had the same CR rate, @entity19246 and overall survival as younger @entity1 . In conclusion it seems that the dose of @entity1259 can be increased in combination chemotherapy regimens with safety and only mild @entity137 . The CR rate was not superior compared to the standard dose but the @entity19246 and overall survival were better. Longer follow-up periods are required in order to determine if the cure rate can also be improved. Older @entity1 can also benefit because they also tolerated the increase in @entity1259 without severe side effects and also improved their outcome. The use of more aggressive regimens with increase in dose intensity may be the treatment of choice for more @entity1 poor prognosis, with @entity4812 provided there is no increase in @entity137 . In this respect the use of @entity1259 in higher doses/appears to be useful.

title: Dose escalation of @entity1259 in the CEOP-BLEO regimen: a controlled clinical trial comparing standard doses for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['DLCL', 'diffuse large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity4812 :: (MESH:D016403,Disease) :: ['diffuse large cell lymphoma']


abstract: In @entity233 , evaluation of the ratio of loss of working capacity is made according to various laws and regulations. These laws and regulations use different standards in computing the above-mentioned ratio depending on the professional status of the worker, whether he or she is a member of SSK (Social Security Institution) or ES (The Retirement Pension Institution) system. The aim of this study is to point out at the differences and @entity717 and at the need to bring common standards to these computations. This prospective descriptive research is based on the cases of occupational accidents and @entity3675 brought to the 3rd specialized branch of the Institution of Forensic Medicine (which is the highest ruling instance concerning the decision on this field). Of the 164 accident cases included in this research, 95.1% are males, and 4.9% females. According to distribution by age of the cases, the modal group is respectively (30-39) years for @entity1 and (12-19) years for @entity1 . 43.8% of the injuries were localized at the hand or wrist. No meaningful statistical relationship could be found between the level of qualification of the workers (skilled-unskilled) and the proportion of those suffering from @entity717 . For the cases included in the categories 3, 4 and 5 is the ES system; the ratio of disability was similar to those computed according to the SSK system. In conclusion, we would like to insist on the need for our country to amend our laws and regulations according to changing and prevailing conditions and sex differentials and to bring homogeneous standards for all workers.

title: Occupational accidents and forensic medicine in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies in computing the degree of disability', 'total disability']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['occupational diseases']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to report our experience in the management of rectal and @entity1049 induced by enemas. A retrospective analysis was carried out in a series of 10 @entity1 treated at the Bouake, Ivory Coast University Hospital Centre for rectal and @entity1049 induced by enemas between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2001. There were 6 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 with a mean age of 26.2 +/- 5.6 years. Based on history taking five enemas involved criminal intent. The other five were carried out for abortion (n=3), therapy (n=1) or autolysis (n=1). The injurious product was known in 7 cases, i.e., @entity4197 (n=4) and hot pepper (n=3). The mean quantity administered was 158 +/- 64 ml. The presenting picture involved @entity298 in 7 cases and @entity490 with bloody mucoid rectal discharge in 3. One @entity1 died at the time of admission. The remaining @entity1 underwent either operative (n=6) or medical (n=3) treatment. Prognosis was unfavourable. Four @entity1 died and one @entity1 required colostomy that could not be removed due to @entity1463 of the anal sphincter. Management of rectal and @entity1049 induced by enemas requires differential diagnosis to distinguish @entity1 that require emergency laparotomy from @entity1 that can be treated medically. For @entity1 treated medically, close surveillance based on imaging and repeated clinical examination is of paramount importance to allow diagnosis of complications requiring surgical treatment.

title: [Rectal and XXXX induced by enemas: a 10-case series at the university hospital center in Bouake, Ivory Coast].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4197 :: ('CHEBI:26836', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphuric acid']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse acute peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic injuries']

answer: @entity1049 :: (MESH:D003108,Disease) :: ['colonic injuries']


abstract: The present study combined maternal restraint stress with exposure to 2 environmental toxic elements, @entity349 and @entity3494 , given to @entity19 concurrently with the restraint period (1000-1200 h, gestational days 15-18). Two groups of animals were given, by gavage, @entity3319 ( @entity1139 ) (2 mg/kg/day), and 2 additional groups received @entity7249 (10 mg/kg/day) on days 15-18 of gestation. Immediately after @entity1139 or @entity4250 exposure, 1 group of @entity1139 -treated @entity19 and 1 group of @entity4250 -treated animals were restrained for 2 h/day. Control groups included restrained and unrestrained pregnant @entity19 nonexposed to @entity1139 or @entity4250 . All animals were allowed to deliver and wean their offspring. Pups were evaluated for physical development, as well as for behavioral effects. Except for a significant decrease in pivoting on postnatal day 9 in the group exposed to @entity4250 plus restraint, no other @entity1139 - or @entity4250 -induced behavioral changes were noted in unrestrained or restrained groups. Although a significant delay in @entity1713 and in eye opening was observed in pups of the group exposed to @entity4250 and restraint, the development landmarks were not affected by restraint in the @entity1139 -treated animals. Although maternal stress reduced body @entity1017 in the dams exposed to @entity1139 plus restraint, a significant interaction between maternal stress and @entity1139 could not be established for developmental @entity137 . These preliminary results, combined with those of previous investigations, show that stress can significantly exacerbate the adverse effects of environmental toxic elements.

title: Influence of maternal stress on the effects of prenatal exposure to methylmercury and XXXX on postnatal development and behavior in @entity19 : a preliminary evaluation.

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenite']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['pinna detachment']

entities_list: @entity3319 :: ('MESH:C004925', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmercury chloride']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity7249 :: ('MESH:C017947', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium arsenite']

answer: @entity3494 :: (MESH:D001151,Chemical) :: ['arsenic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Population studies have shown that higher intakes of marine foods during pregnancy are associated with longer gestations, higher @entity1 birthweights and a low incidence of @entity1468 . It is suggested that the @entity1718 of marine foods may be the underlying cause of these associations. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effects of marine oil, and other @entity3009 precursor, supplementation during pregnancy on the risk of @entity1468 , @entity600 , low birthweight and small-for-gestational age. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register (December 2005), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2005, Issue 2) and MEDLINE (1966 to April 2005). SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised trials comparing oral marine oil, or other @entity3009 precursor, supplementation during pregnancy with either placebo or no treatment. Trials were excluded if their aim was to treat @entity1 with established @entity1468 or suspected intrauterine growth restriction. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, data extraction and trial quality. MAIN RESULTS: Six trials, involving 2783 @entity1 , are included in this review. Three of these were rated as high quality, including the largest trial with 1477 @entity1 . @entity1 allocated a marine oil supplement had a mean gestation that was 2.6 days longer than @entity1 allocated to placebo or no treatment ( @entity353 ( @entity353 ), 2.55 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 4.07 days; 3 trials, 1621 @entity1 ). This was not reflected in a clear difference between the two groups in the relative risk (RR) of birth before 37 completed weeks, although @entity1 allocated marine oil did have a lower risk of giving birth before 34 completed weeks' gestation (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.99; 2 trials, 860 @entity1 ). Birthweight was slightly greater in @entity1 born to @entity1 in the marine oil group compared with control ( @entity353 47 g, 95% CI 1 g to 93 g; 3 trials, 2440 @entity1 ). However, there were no overall differences between the groups in the proportion of low birthweight or small-for-gestational age babies. There was no clear difference in the relative risk of @entity1468 between the two groups. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to support the routine use of marine oil, or other @entity3009 precursor, supplements during pregnancy to reduce the risk of @entity1468 , @entity600 , low birthweight or small-for-gestational age.

title: Marine oil, and other @entity3009 precursor, supplementation for pregnancy uncomplicated by XXXX or intrauterine growth restriction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant', 'Women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: This study evaluated an unusual subset of @entity2543 for the presence of transcriptionally active high-risk HPV subtypes and to further characterize the histological criteria for this condition. There were 20 cases diagnosed as @entity5115 with marked apoptosis of the anterior oral cavity. Clinical and follow-up data were collected and histopathological features were documented. Immunoperoxidase studies were performed for @entity986 and in situ hybridization studies were performed for low- and high-risk HPV sub-types. Gender- and site-matched controls of conventional moderate-to-severe @entity2543 were similarly evaluated using immunoperoxidase studies for @entity986 and in situ hybridization; the number of apoptotic cells for study and control cases was counted at two different tissue sites. There were 17 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 with a median age of 56 years. Seventeen lesions were described as white and five were described as rough or papillary. Thirteen were located on the lateral or ventral tongue, some extending onto the floor of the mouth. @entity2543 with marked karyorrhexis and apoptosis were present in all the cases, along with features of conventional @entity2543 . A statistically significant number of apoptotic cells were identified in the study cases when compared with controls (P>0.0001). Twenty cases were positive for high-risk HPV by in situ hybridization and all 19 nineteen cases evaluated for @entity986 demonstrated overexpression. Two @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity957 and one @entity1 developed recurrent disease. We report a subset of @entity2543 that occurs mostly in adult @entity1 on the ventral or lateral tongue and is positive for high-risk HPV and for @entity986 . We propose use of the term 'HPV-associated @entity3146 ' to characterize these lesions of the oral cavity for consistency in nomenclature with @entity66 of the lower anogenital tract. One case recurred and one developed @entity3 .

title: Human papillomavirus-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-associated lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['Epithelial hyperplasia', 'oral epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['Oral Intraepithelial Neoplasia']

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['oral intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: Intestinal lengthening is considered to be one of the most effective surgical interventions to improve the deleterious sequelae of @entity5277 . To assess the efficiency of bowel-lengthening procedures in @entity5277 , an animal model was created in minipigs that show @entity3147 , @entity353 . Group 1 consisted of three animals with a 95% distal intestinal resection leaving 15 cm of ileum. Group 2 comprised six animals with a 95% distal intestinal resection leaving only 5 cm of ileum, and group 3 consisted of three animals with a 95% distal intestinal resection leaving 5 cm of ileum and construction of a distal small-bowel stenosis by temporary banding. In group 1 there was a significant increase in length of residual bowel at terminal laparotomy at 10 weeks and a significant difference for protein and @entity972 . No @entity384 occurred and no animal lost weight. Group 2 animals showed a continuous loss of weight after the intestinal resection and significantly different values in animal profile were found at 10 weeks but no significant difference in length or in diameter of the residual bowel. In group 3, all animals demonstrated a significant dilatation of the residual small bowel at 1 week when the stenosis was resected and bowel continuity restored. We conclude that in piglets a 95% distal intestinal resection leaving 5 cm of ileum leads to a @entity5277 with @entity3147 and @entity353 , but no @entity384 . To provoke an additional @entity384 , creation of a distal stenosis is mandatory. Animals of group 3 represent a suitable model to assess the efficacy of short/bowel lengthening procedures.

title: An animal model for XXXX in piglets to assess the efficiency of bowel-lengthening procedures.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss', 'weight loss and small-bowel dilatation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dilatation', 'intestinal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short-bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity5277 :: (MESH:D012778,Disease) :: ['short-bowel syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity62 with @entity62 is an @entity74 that was first reported in 1997. Some time later the @entity74 responsible for the disease were identified, these being different mutations in any of the five genes that code for the five subunits of the translation initiation factor, @entity25267 . Since then, the clinical spectrum of this condition has proved to be much broader and far more frequent than was initially believed. We report on a case of the classical clinical form, which is to our knowledge the first to be published in Spain to date. CASE REPORT: A 5-year-old female who presented gait instability that recently got worse following a mild @entity542 . The examination revealed @entity6447 and generalised @entity508 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse and symmetrical involvement of the white matter of the brain with the presence of cavities in which the signal intensity and the proton spectrum were similar to those of cerebrospinal fluid. The genetic study revealed a mutation of the gene that codes for @entity25267 . CONCLUSIONS: A suggestive MRI scan, even in an atypical presentation, would be enough to rule out a mutation of the genes that code for @entity25267 . This would make it possible to reach an early diagnosis of this disease, which is probably more prevalent than is currently thought. This would allow genetic counselling to be conducted and would help to establish a genotype-phenotype correlate that would also make it possible to offer an estimated prognosis.

title: [ XXXX with @entity62 : A case report].

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic head injury']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive hereditary disease', 'genetic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['overall cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['vanishing white matter', 'Leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['Leukoencephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effectiveness of unsedated office-based photoangiolytic laser surgery (UOLS) for treating @entity1724 ( @entity1724 ) using the Derkay severity scale, Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10), and Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain (GRBAS) scale. Although previous studies examined the effect of UOLS on voice quality, few studies evaluated the effect on disease regression or used accepted and validated scales as outcome measures. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Charts were reviewed for @entity1 who underwent UOLS for @entity1724 (2007-2010). Twenty-one @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Nineteen @entity1 underwent treatment with a 532-nm @entity17835 laser and two with a 585-nm pulsed dye laser. The Derkay, VHI-10, and GRBAS scores of posttreatment findings were compared with those of the pretreatment findings. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 underwent 81 office procedures. Mean follow-up was 18 months. From baseline to latest follow-up, there was significant improvement in the mean Derkay score from 6.1 to 3.0 (P=0.001), VHI-10 score from 24.5 to 15.9 (P=0.04), and GRBAS score from 8.6 to 4.9 (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: UOLS results in @entity1 benefit from disease regression, @entity1032 , and improved voice quality without the risks associated with direct laryngoscopy and general anesthesia. UOLS is an effective, safe, nonexperimental treatment modality for @entity1724 that has shifted the therapeutic paradigm while decreasing @entity1 morbidity.

title: Photoangiolytic laser treatment of XXXX : a scaled assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['reduced voice handicap']

entities_list: @entity17835 :: ('MESH:C064806', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium titanyl phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1724 :: ('MESH:C535297', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent respiratory papillomatosis', 'RRP']

answer: @entity1724 :: (MESH:C535297,Disease) :: ['recurrent respiratory papillomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One hundred fifty-nine @entity1 who had @entity1152 with or without @entity4501 have been treated at Osaka University Medical School and its affiliated hospitals since the initial (Japanese) experience of Dr T. Ueda in 1957. METHODS: These cases were divided chronologically into three groups. With earlier recognition of surgical neonates and the development of perinatal care, the long-term survival of these @entity1 has steadily improved over 39 years from 28% in the first period (1957 to 1967) to 80% in the third period (1980 to 1995). Of 141 @entity1 treated in the second and third periods (1968 to 1995), 92 (65.2%) had associated anomalies. Cardiovascular and @entity344 were the most frequently seen major anomalies. VATER or VACTER association was seen in 12.8% (18 of 141) of these @entity1 . Survival of these cases according to Waterston risk factors was 100% for group A, 100% for group B, and 50% for group C, whereas the new classification proposed by Spitz showed survival of 92% for group 1, 50% for group 2, and 0% for group 3, showing better differentiation among the three groups. RESULTS: There was a long gap between the proximal and distal esophageal ends in seven @entity1 (type A), in all of whom primary @entity254 was possible after 28 to 128 days of elongation by bouginage. Although the survival of @entity1152 @entity1 dramatically improved in recent years, there is still a high incidence of early and long-term postoperative complications, ie, @entity834 (26.5%), recurrent @entity292 (7.2%), anastomotic stricture (49.1%), @entity86 or @entity891 (57.0%), @entity825 (25.8%), and @entity354 (52.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Recently, there have been changing patterns in the occurrence of complications, which are mainly attributed to technical improvement, better perinatal care and early recognition of pathophysiologic conditions such as @entity825 and @entity354 .

title: XXXX in Osaka: a review of 39 years' experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheomalacia']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malformations']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['Esophageal atresia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HCT) is commonly used in Taiwan and other Asian countries as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral herbal medicine. In this study, we investigated the anti-human @entity2 activity and growth inhibition mechanisms of HCT in @entity1 @entity2 A549 cells. RESULTS: In order to investigate effects of HCT on A549 cells, @entity98 assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Flow cytometry was employed for cell cycle analysis, DAPI staining, and the Comet assay was used for DNA fragmentation and DNA condensation. Western blot analysis was used to analyze cell cycle and apoptotic related protein levels. HCT induced morphological changes including cell shrinkage and rounding. HCT increased the G0/G1 and Sub-G1 cell (apoptosis) populations and HCT increased DNA fragmentation and DNA condensation as revealed by @entity14939 staining and the Comet assay. HCT induced activation of @entity8186 and @entity522 . Fas/ @entity1197 protein levels were increased in HCT-treated A549 cells. The G0/G1 phase and apoptotic related protein levels of @entity4910 , @entity7596 , @entity8985 and @entity15308 were decreased, and @entity993 , @entity8186 and @entity522 were increased in A549 cells after HCT treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that HCT-induced G0/G1 phase arrest and Fas/ @entity1197 -dependent apoptotic cell death in A549 cells.

title: Houttuynia cordata Thunb extract modulates G0/G1 arrest and Fas/ @entity1197 -mediated death receptor apoptotic cell death in @entity1 XXXX A549 cells.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional coronary artery bypass grafting using cardiopulmonary bypass carries relatively high mortality and morbidity for @entity1 with @entity1002 . METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 with ejection fraction less than or equal to 0.35 underwent primary coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass between December 1991 and December 1994. Thirty-two @entity1 (43%) had @entity712 , 11 (15%) were referred for operation within the first 24 hours of evolving @entity583 , and 21 (28%) up to 1 week after @entity583 . Eighteen @entity1 (24%), 6 of whom were in @entity1455 , underwent emergency operations. RESULTS: Mean number of grafts/ @entity1 was 1.9 (range, 1 to 4), and internal mammary artery was used in 66 @entity1 (85%). Only 17 @entity1 (23%) received a graft to a circumflex marginal artery. Two @entity1 (2.7%) died perioperatively, and 1 (1.3%) sustained @entity64 . At mean follow-up of 28 months, 13 @entity1 had died, and @entity951 had returned in 7 (10.5%). One- and four-year actuarial survival was 96% and 73%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass is a viable alternative to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting particularly for @entity1 with extreme @entity1002 or those with coexisting risk factors, such as @entity583 and @entity1455 .

title: Primary coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['impaired left ventricular function']


abstract: Peak adolescent @entity174 incidence at the distal end of the radius coincides with a decline in size-corrected BMD in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Peak gains in bone area preceded peak gains in BMC in a longitudinal sample of @entity1 and @entity1 , supporting the theory that the dissociation between skeletal expansion and skeletal mineralization results in a period of relative @entity425 . INTRODUCTION: The high incidence of @entity174 in adolescence may be related to a period of relative @entity2100 resulting from dissociation between bone expansion and bone mineralization during the growing years. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between changes in size-corrected BMD (BMDsc) and peak distal radius @entity174 incidence in @entity1 and @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were 41 @entity1 and 46 @entity1 measured annually (DXA; Hologic 2000) over the adolescent growth period and again in young adulthood. Ages of peak height velocity (PHV), peak BMC velocity (PBMCV), and peak bone area (BA) velocity (PBAV) were determined for each @entity1 . To control for maturational differences, subjects were aligned on PHV. BMDsc was calculated by first regressing the natural logarithms of BMC and BA. The power coefficient (pc) values from this analysis were used as follows: BMDsc = BMC/BA(pc). RESULTS: BMDsc decreased significantly before the age of PHV and then increased until 4 years after PHV. The peak rates in radial @entity174 (reported from previous work) in both @entity1 and @entity1 coincided with the age of negative velocity in BMDsc; the age of peak BA velocity (PBAV) preceded the age of peak BMC velocity (PBMCV) by 0.5 years in both @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear dissociation between PBMCV and PBAV in @entity1 and @entity1 . BMDsc declines before age of PHV before rebounding after PHV. The timing of these events coincides directly with reported @entity174 rates of the distal end of the radius. Thus, the results support the theory that there is a period of relative @entity425 during the adolescent growth period caused, in part, by a draw on cortical bone to meet the mineral demands of the expanding skeleton resulting in a temporary increased @entity174 risk.

title: Size-corrected BMD decreases during peak linear growth: implications for XXXX incidence during adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal fragility']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['bone weakness', 'skeletal weakness']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The activation of mu-opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) produces changes in locomotor and rewarding responses that are believed to involve neurons, including local @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )ergic neurons. We combined immunogold- @entity575 detection of an antipeptide antiserum against the cloned mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and immunoperoxidase labeling of an antibody against @entity1246 to determine the cellular basis for the proposed opioid modulation of GABAergic neurons in the @entity35 Acb. MOR-like immunoreactivity (MOR- @entity3162 ) was localized prominently to plasma membranes of neurons having morphological features of both spiny and aspiny cells, many of which contained @entity1246 . Of 351 examples of profiles that contained MOR- @entity3162 and @entity1246 labeling, 65% were dendrites. In these dendrites, MOR- @entity3162 was seen mainly along extrasynaptic portions of the plasma membrane apposed to unlabeled terminals and/or glial processes. Dually labeled dendrites often received convergent input from GABAergic terminals and/or from unlabeled terminals forming asymmetric excitatory-type synapses. Of all profiles that contained both MOR and @entity1246 immunoreactivity, 28% were axon terminals. MOR-containing GABAergic terminals and terminals separately labeled for MOR or @entity1246 formed synapses with unlabeled dendrites and also with dendrites containing MOR or @entity1246 . Our results indicate that MOR agonists could modulate the activity of @entity1246 neurons in the Acb via receptors located mainly at extrasynaptic sites on dendritic plasma membranes. MOR ligands also could alter the release of @entity1246 onto target dendrites that contain @entity1246 and/or respond to opiate stimulation.

title: mu-Opioid receptors are localized to extrasynaptic plasma membranes of GABAergic neurons and their targets in the XXXX nucleus accumbens.

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity2432 spp. and @entity3204 are important coccidian parasites that have caused @entity6766 outbreaks worldwide. Techniques like subtractive hybridization, microarrays, and quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays have been used to understand the roles of specific genes in regulating life stage development and pathogenesis of these parasites. Key to the success of these approaches is isolating high quality messenger RNA (mRNA), which is particularly difficult with coccidian oocysts. Although commercial kits can provide high quality mRNA to study gene expressions in @entity1 cells, their performances have not been thoroughly evaluated on oocysts. In this study, four RNA extraction kits: RiboPure-bacteria, MasterPure RNA, RNeasy micro, and TRIzol LS reagent kits were evaluated for their ability to isolate high quality mRNA. Results revealed that all four kits easily isolated total RNA from @entity2432 oocysts. Analysis of total RNA quality as measured by @entity26364 ( @entity26364 ) showed sufficiently high quality values ranging from 8.4 to 9.8. However, genomic DNA (gDNA) contamination was present in all extracts. Additional DNase I treatment effectively removed gDNA contaminants, but partially degraded the RNA ( @entity26364 =5.0-7.7). Total RNA isolations from @entity3204 oocysts were also attempted and were partially successful, yielding RNA extracts sufficient for only RT-qPCR. Overall, the RNeasy micro kit with additional DNase I treatment was the most effective for extracting sufficiently high quality total RNA from @entity2432 and @entity3204 oocysts.

title: Evaluation of four RNA extraction methods for gene expression analyses of @entity2432 and XXXX oocysts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['waterborne and foodborne disease']

entities_list: @entity2432 :: ('5807', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium', 'C. parvum']

entities_list: @entity26364 :: ('MESH:D012327', 'Disease') :: ['RNA integrity number', 'RIN']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: AIM: To determine microbial prevalence in the mucous membrane and prosthesis of denture wearers with and without @entity7606 and to study its relationship with potential clinical cofactors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Saliva was collected from 200 @entity1 (100 female and 100 male) wearing dental prosthesis for measurement of pH. Oral samples of the mucous membrane and of dentures were taken with sterile swab for microbiological analysis. Medical and dietary history of the subjects was recorded. Chi-square test and analysis of varience were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: @entity6 , @entity101 and high @entity1735 ingestion was observed in majority of @entity1 . The pH average in saliva was of 5.1. The presence of @entity5132 , @entity794 and @entity6586 in the mucous membrane was of 55.4, 56.4 and 63.6% respectively. @entity5132 was isolated in 69.7% from the prosthesis, whereas @entity794 and @entity6586 were isolated in 45.3%. The isolation of @entity5132 was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity7606 . CONCLUSION: @entity5132 , @entity794 and @entity6586 frequently colonize the oral mucous of denture wearers. This is more frequently observed in @entity1 with @entity7606 . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Denture @entity3136 is associated to @entity5132 , different bacteria and other cofactors, such as salivary pH, @entity1735 ingestion, systemic illnesses and medication.

title: Microbial colonization and their relation with potential cofactors in XXXX with @entity7606 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity7606 :: ('MESH:D013282', 'Disease') :: ['denture stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['C.albicans', 'Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: [corrected] The combination of a presacral mass, a sacral @entity79 , and an @entity2463 are also known as the Currarino @entity25094 . The syndrome is associated with a very high rate of severe and intractable @entity1142 and @entity322 . However, it can also result in less common complaints and symptoms. Although the syndrome is known since 1981 and the involved genes are clarified to a great extent, the diagnosis may be delayed or missed if unrecognized. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year old female presented with periodical @entity10 . She was born with an imperforate anus, absent rectum and colon, double bladder, and @entity17315 . Soon after birth she underwent several surgical procedures for anorectal and bladder reconstructions. The @entity1 now came to her pediatric urologist for @entity322 and mentioned severe @entity10 on the side, particularly when riding a bike. Finally, she solved her @entity10 problem by stopping to ride her bicycle.On physical examination no abnormalities were found except the ileostomy that was present ever since soon after birth and her @entity322 . Blood tests showed no abnormalities. Additional MRI showed a large and previously not known anterior meningocele at the level of the sacrum. Surgical treatment consisted of closure of the dura by posterior approach. CONCLUSION: In this case report we describe the late discovery with an atypical presentation of an anterior meningocele in a young adult with @entity322 , a @entity17315 , an @entity2463 and @entity10 during bicycle riding. After surgical treatment of our @entity1 the meningocele regressed. Three months after successful surgery she had no complaints and was able to ride a bike again.

title: "This bicycle gives me a XXXX ", a congenital anomaly.

entities_list: @entity17315 :: ('MESH:C564271', 'Disease') :: ['sacral defect']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity25094 :: ('MESH:C536221', 'Disease') :: ['triad or Currarino syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformation']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone deformity']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: Obesity-related @entity32 -induced insulin resistance and @entity209 were investigated in retrospective analysis of placebo hematologic and metabolic laboratory data from trials associated with increasing chronic low-grade @entity32 and body mass index. Studies included healthy subjects and those with progressive stages of @entity209 , including @entity6 with uncontrolled hemoglobin A1c. Intrasubject variances in erythroid and metabolic values increased with @entity209 . Random effects were demonstrated in treatment-na  ve @entity6 for erythroid, @entity413 , and HbA1c fluctuations. The anti-inflammatory insulin sensitizer, @entity40673 , was tested for its ability to decrease @entity28 -related @entity32 -induced insulin resistance and @entity209 in @entity6 . @entity40673 significantly decreased erythroid and metabolic variances and improved @entity25040 (a surrogate of postprandial @entity413 ) compared to the placebo group. @entity40673 HbA1c decrease correlated with @entity353 and inversely with baseline @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) in @entity2449 -treated @entity6 . Normalization of HbA1c to the 84-day average hemoglobin revealed that @entity40673 @entity4051 c decrease correlated with high baseline @entity2842 and @entity2842 decrease in treatment-na  ve @entity6 . @entity40673 decreased insulin resistance, increased the frequency of decreased day 84 HbA1c in @entity2449 -treated subjects, and decreased day 112 HbA1c in treatment-na  ve @entity6 . @entity40673 may be useful to restore metabolic homeostasis in type 2 @entity6 .

title: An anti-inflammatory sterol decreases @entity28 -related @entity32 -induced insulin resistance and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity25040 :: ('MESH:C006584', 'Chemical') :: ['1,5-anhydroglucitol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic dysregulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of level IIB @entity3 in @entity1 with clinically negative (N0) necks with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the supraglottic larynx and to assess whether level IIB lymph nodes may be left undissected in such @entity1 . This was a prospective analysis of a case series. METHODS: A prospective analysis of 68 @entity1 with @entity957 of the supraglottic larynx and N0 neck who underwent surgical treatment of the @entity75 with simultaneous selective neck dissection (SND) of levels II and III. During neck dissection, level IIB lymph nodes were separately removed and processed. Occult @entity3 at levels IIA, IIB, and III and the regional recurrence within this area were evaluated. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-two SND (levels II and III) procedures were performed on 68 @entity1 in this series. The occult @entity3 rate was 30.9% (21 of 68). The mean number of lymph nodes harvested in level IIB was 4.1 (range, 1-14). In none of the 122 SND specimens (levels II and III) was @entity3 found in level IIB either in the ipsilateral or contralateral neck sides. Five @entity1 developed neck recurrence, none of which was in level IIB. CONCLUSION: When SND was carried out for @entity1 with @entity957 of the supraglottic larynx with N0 neck, superselective neck dissection removing lymph nodes in levels IIA and III was adequate. Level IIB lymph node pads may be left undissected so that spinal accessory nerve dysfunction is decreased and operative time reduced.

title: Incidence of level IIB lymph node XXXX in supraglottic @entity957 with clinically negative neck--a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Neurotrophins and their cognate receptors are critical to normal nervous system development. Trk receptors are high-affinity receptors for nerve-growth factor ( @entity42079 ), @entity19600 and neurotrophin-4/5 ( @entity19599 ), and @entity37509 ( @entity37510 ). We examine the expression of these three neurotrophin @entity669 kinase receptors in the @entity1573 auditory system throughout most of development. Trks were localized in the auditory brainstem, the cochlear ganglion, and the basilar papilla of chicks from embryonic (E) day 5 to E21, by using antibodies and standard immunocytochemical methods. @entity19599 mRNA was localized in brainstem nuclei by in situ hybridization. @entity19599 and @entity37510 are highly expressed in the @entity2167 , and their patterns of expression are both spatially and temporally dynamic. During early brainstem development, @entity19599 and @entity37510 are localized in the neuronal cell bodies and in the surrounding neuropil of @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ) and nucleus laminaris (NL). During later development, @entity37510 is expressed in the cell bodies of @entity10789 and NL, whereas @entity19599 is expressed in the nerve calyces surrounding @entity10789 neurons and in the ventral, but not the dorsal, dendrites of NL. In the periphery, @entity19599 and @entity37510 are located in the cochlear ganglion neurons and in peripheral fibers innervating the basilar papilla and synapsing at the base of hair cells. The protracted expression of trks seen in our materials is consistent with the hypothesis that the neurotrophins/ @entity669 kinase receptors play one or several roles in the development of auditory circuitry. In particular, the polarized expression of @entity19599 in NL is coincident with refinement of @entity10789 terminal arborizations on NL.

title: Ontogenetic expression of trk neurotrophin receptors in the XXXX auditory system.

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic auditory brainstem']

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['NM', 'nucleus magnocellularis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity19600 :: ('396186(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cells can bridge innate and acquired immunity, and play a role in autoimmunity. A few studies evaluated the distribution of NK cells and the expression of their receptors in chronic immune-mediated demyelinating @entity305 . We investigated NK cell distribution and NK cell receptor expression in 20 na  ve patients with anti-MAG @entity305 (MAG- @entity6841 ). METHODS: Using flow cytometry, we analysed NK cells and a series of NK cell receptors in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with MAG- @entity6841 , and, as controls, in @entity1 with @entity2646 ( @entity2646 ) and in healthy subjects. Six MAG- @entity6841 @entity1 were also tested after rituximab treatment. RESULTS: At baseline the percentage of NK cells did not differ among the groups. @entity23430 receptor expression in MAG- @entity6841 @entity1 was higher, andCD94/ @entity9707 receptor expression in both MAG- @entity6841 and @entity2646 @entity1 was lower than in healthy controls. These abnormalities did not correlate with any clinical or demographic variable. No modification was found after rituximab therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that MAG- @entity6841 shows abnormalities in NK cell receptors that characterise other @entity792 , and cannot help in differential diagnosis with @entity2646 . The impairment of the relevant @entity9706 / @entity9707 inhibitory pathway, which might play a central role in the development and perpetuation of MAG- @entity6841 , warrants further functional investigations.

title: NK cells and their receptors in naive and rituximab-treated patients with anti-MAG XXXX .

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'polyneuropathies']

entities_list: @entity2646 :: ('MESH:D020277', 'Disease') :: ['CIDP', 'chronic inflammatory demyelinating peripheral polyradiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity305 :: (MESH:D011115,Disease) :: ['polyneuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2857 is an oral multikinase inhibitor that improves survival in advanced @entity157 ( @entity157 ). In the absence of alternative therapies, @entity2857 is often continued despite advancing @entity409 or @entity5 progression. Real world studies are important to better characterise outcomes in these populations. Our aim was to review patterns of @entity2857 use across eight Australian tertiary hospitals, defining variables associated with clinical outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of medical records of 320 @entity1 treated with @entity2857 for @entity157 . Baseline clinical parameters, dosage, adverse effects, and survival from initiation of treatment were collected. Time to radiological progression and 3-month @entity160 ( @entity160 ) levels were available for a subset of @entity1 . RESULTS: Adverse effects occurred in 79% of @entity1 , requiring dose reduction in 31% of @entity1 . Multivariate analysis identified an increased rate of mortality with @entity1 -Pugh C (HR 5.52, p   =   0.012), ECOG performance status 2-3 (HR 2.84, p   =   0.001), and extrahepatic metastases (HR 1.54, p   =   0.04), and decreased rate of mortality with an @entity160 reduction of at least 20% at 3 months (HR 0.38, p   =   0.001). An increased rate of radiological progression was associated with ECOG performance status 2-3 (HR 2.34, p   =   0.041), whilst a decreased rate of radiological progression was associated with development of on-treatment @entity294 (HR 0.55, p   =   0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Survival in @entity1 with @entity1 -Pugh C liver function or advanced functional impairment treated with @entity2857 is poor and thus routine use of this agent in these @entity1 does not appear justified, particularly given the high rate of adverse effects. @entity160 concentration on therapy may help identify favourable response to treatment.

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity157 : a multi-centre real-world study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['Sorafenib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3511 following blunt @entity1661 (BAT) continues to be a diagnostic challenge. Ultrasound (US) has been described as a potentially useful diagnostic tool in this setting and is being used with increasing frequency in @entity130 centers. We determined the diagnostic capability of US in the evaluation of BAT. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of our @entity130 US database was performed over a 30-month period. Computed tomographic scan, diagnostic peritoneal lavage, or exploratory laparotomy confirmed the presence of @entity3511 . RESULTS: During the study period, 8,197 @entity1 were evaluated at the Ryder @entity130 Center. Of this group, 2,576 (31%) had US in the evaluation of BAT. Three hundred eleven (12%) US exams were considered positive. Forty-three @entity1 (1.7%) had a false-negative US; of this group, 10 (33%) required exploratory laparotomy. US had a sensitivity of 86%, a specificity of 98%, and an accuracy of 97% for detection of intra-abdominal injuries. Positive predictive value was 87% and negative predictive value was 98%. CONCLUSION: Emergency US is highly reliable and may replace computed tomographic scan and diagnostic peritoneal lavage as the initial diagnostic modality in the evaluation of most @entity1 with BAT.

title: 2,576 ultrasounds for blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['Determination of intra-abdominal injury', 'intra-abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine whether intravenous fluid administration is independently associated with a reduction in unscheduled @entity341 ( @entity341 ) revisits within 7 days. METHODS: We conducted a single-center, retrospective observational cohort study in a pediatric @entity341 in Toronto, Canada. @entity1 were younger than 18 years, diagnosed as having @entity1902 , and discharged home between July 2003 and June 2008. Multivariable regression models were used to determine the associations between the exposures (intravenous rehydration, triage severity score, age) and @entity341 revisits and revisits with intravenous rehydration. Accuracy was assessed using bootstrap analysis. RESULTS: There were 22,125 potentially eligible visits; 3346 were included in our final cohort. A total of 497 @entity1 (15%) received intravenous rehydration and 543 (16%) had an unscheduled revisit. Regression analysis included 2874 @entity1 with complete data, and identified 5 independent predictors of an @entity341 revisit: intravenous rehydration (odds ratio [OR] 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-2.26); number of @entity391 episodes (1.20; 95% CI 1.04-1.28/5 episode increase); days of @entity294 (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.88-0.97/day increase); frequency of @entity294 (1.19; 95% CI 1.03-1.38/5 episode increase); and age (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.91-0.98/year). Bootstrap methodology identified intravenous rehydration, age, number of @entity391 episodes, days of @entity294 , and number of diarrheal stools a minimum of 500 of 1000 iterations. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous rehydration is associated with unscheduled @entity341 revisits after adjustment for clinical findings. Although @entity1 experiencing revisits were likely more unwell, our data do not support the provision of intravenous fluids to prevent unscheduled @entity341 revisits in @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity2700 .

title: Emergency department revisits in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Autoregulation is dysfunctional in the injured brain. Increases in intracranial and arterial pressure may therefore result in extension of the primary injury. @entity1170 ( @entity1170 ) is a well-known cause of surges in both arterial pressure and intracranial pressure. Neuroprotective agents, namely @entity3303 and @entity3575 , have the potential to minimize the pressure surges implicated in secondary @entity1545 . The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency with which neuroprotective agents were used for neuroprotective @entity1170 in the emergency department. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all 139 @entity1 intubated in the emergency department of Vancouver General Hospital between March and October 2003. @entity1 were eligible if there was an indication for neuroprotective agents defined as presumed intracranial pathology and a mean arterial pressure (MAP) > 85 mm Hg. Contraindications to @entity3575 included MAP < 85 mm Hg or @entity566 to @entity3575 . RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity1 were intubated for primary neurological indications. Indication for intubation included non-traumatic causes (n = 37) (including cerebrovascular accident or @entity932 ) and @entity6075 (n = 40). The mean age (+/- standard deviation) was 52.3+/-20.4 years, and 31.4% were female. Fifty-seven (74.0%) @entity1 had indications for neuroprotective agents, without contraindications. When neuroprotective agents were indicated, @entity3303 was used in 84.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 72.6%-91.5%) of @entity1 while @entity3575 was used in 33.3% (95%CI 22.4%-46.3%) of @entity1 . Eleven percent of the intubations were performed with a @entity3575 dose of delta 2 mcg/kg, which is the lower limit considered effective. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the potential benefit of using @entity3303 and @entity3575 in appropriate @entity1 undergoing neuroprotective @entity1170 in the emergency department, our study identified a significant underutilization of optimal premedication. The identification of barriers to use and the implementation of strategies to optimize use are necessary.

title: Use of @entity3303 and XXXX premedication for neuroprotective rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1170 :: ('MESH:C564983', 'Disease') :: ['Rapid sequence intubation', 'RSI']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['closed head injury']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of subcutaneous pollen immunotherapy has been documented in published double-blind, placebo-controlled studies related to treatment of @entity2023 . In the present study, subjective (symptom scores) and objective (nasal peak inspiratory flow, nasal smear, nasal biopsy) parameters were used to study the efficacy of pollen immunotherapy. METHODS: Forty-eight @entity1 (32 male), mean +/- SE age 13.6 +/- 2.8 years allergic to grass-pollen participated in the present study. @entity1 were divided into three groups: group I, 24 @entity1 who did not receive pollen immunotherapy; group II, 12 @entity1 who received the build-up phase of pollen immunotherapy; and group III, 12 @entity1 who had just finished pollen immunotherapy. With regard to objective and subjective parameters these three groups were compared. RESULTS: When group I was compared to groups II and III, the @entity1 who had not received any immunotherapy were found to have a high daytime nasal symptoms score (P < 0.01), high daytime eye symptoms score(P < 0.01) and high night-time symptoms score (P < 0.01). In objective parameters, it was found that group I had low nasal peak inspiratory flow (P < 0.05), and a high eosinophil count in nasal smears (P < 0.05) and peripheral blood (P < 0.05). It was also demonstrated that there was an increased eosinophil infiltration (P < 0.01) and mast cell infiltration (P < 0.05) in nasal biopsy in group I. There was no significant difference between group II and group III according to these results (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Immunotherapy leads to a better clinical and histopathological prognosis in @entity1 with @entity2023 .

title: Efficacy of pollen immunotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']


abstract: Nosocomial outbreaks of infection due to non-typeable @entity327 (NTHi) are rarely described. There are a few published reports that suggest that elderly @entity1 with underlying @entity358 are at risk and that @entity1 -to- @entity1 spread is key to disease transmission. During the summer months of 2005, we documented an outbreak of NTHi infections in a Veterans Affairs nursing home. Thirteen @entity1 developed @entity2024 or lower @entity1729 involving a beta-lactamase-negative biotype III NTHi isolate, with an indistinguishable SmaI macrorestriction pattern. @entity1 were elderly males usually with underlying cardiac and @entity358 . A case-control study failed to demonstrate any specific significant risk factor for @entity6728 and there was no evidence of spatial clustering of cases within the nursing home. A random throat culture survey involving nursing home @entity1 during the outbreak showed that only one of 19 @entity1 was colonized with NTHi. The outbreak concluded following appropriate treatment and an emphasis on universal and respiratory droplet precautions. All @entity1 recovered and a specific inciting event for the outbreak was never defined. Literature review revealed a spectrum of responses to nosocomial NTHi infections and a lack of consensus regarding the infection control approach towards NTHi outbreaks.

title: An outbreak of infections caused by non-typeable XXXX in an extended care facility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['NTHi infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mild to moderate @entity308 is common in those with @entity65 and undertreated. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of internet-delivered Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (iCBT) on depressive symptom severity and adherence to medical advice and lifestyle interventions in adults with mild to moderate @entity308 and high @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risks. METHODS: Randomised double-blind, 12 week attention-controlled trial comparing an iCBT programme (E-couch) with an internet-delivered attention control health information package (HealthWatch, n = 282). The primary outcome was @entity308 symptom level on the nine-item @entity1 Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (trial registration: ACTRN12610000085077). RESULTS: 487/562 (88%) @entity1 completed the endpoint assessment. 383/562 (70%) were currently treated for @entity65 and 314/562 (56%) had at least one other comorbid condition. In ITT analysis of 562 @entity1 iCBT produced a greater decline in the mean PHQ-9 score compared to the attention control of 1.06 (95% CI: 0.23-1.89) points, with differences between the two arms increasing over the intervention period (time by treatment effect interaction p = .012). There were also larger improvements in adherence (2.16 points; 95% CI: 0.33-3.99), reductions in @entity148 (0.96 points; 95% CI: 0.19-1.73), and a greater proportion engaging in beneficial physical activity (Odds Ratio 1.91, 95%CI: 1.01-3.61) in the iCBT @entity1 but no effect upon disability, or walking time/day. There were no withdrawals due to study related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity308 and high levels of @entity65 risk factors, a freely accessible iCBT programme (http://www.ecouch.anu.edu.au) produced a small, but robust, improvement in @entity308 , adherence and some health behaviours. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000085077.

title: Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with mild to moderate XXXX and high @entity65 risks: a randomised attention-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Adverse events following discontinuation from @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are being reported in the literature with increasing frequency; the frequency and severity of these symptoms appear to vary according to the half-life of the SRI, e.g., the incidence appears higher with the shorter half-life agents than with @entity905 , which has an extended half-life. Yet, there have been no systematic studies of the phenomenon to date. Therefore, a group of experts convened in Phoenix, Arizona, to develop a clear description or definition of the phenomenon based on these reports. The SRI discontinuation syndrome, referred to as "withdrawal symptoms" in many anecdotal case reports, is distinctly different from the classic @entity3347 associated with @entity167 and barbiturates. Anti-depressants are not associated with @entity734 or drug-seeking behavior. SRI discontinuation symptoms tend to be short-lived and self-limiting, but can be troublesome. They may emerge when an SRI is abruptly discontinued, when doses are missed, and less frequently, during dosage reduction. In addition, the symptoms are not attributable to any other cause and can be reversed when the original agent is reinstituted, or one that is pharmacologically similar is substituted. SRI discontinuation symptoms, in most cases, may be minimized by slowly tapering antidepressant therapy, but there have been several case reports where symptoms occurred consistently even through repeated attempts to taper therapy. Physical symptoms include problems with balance, @entity25 . Psychological symptoms include @entity148 , crying spells, and @entity146 . Further analyses of data bases and clinical studies are needed to define this proposed syndrome more clearly.

title: XXXX reuptake inhibitor discontinuation syndrome: a hypothetical definition. Discontinuation Consensus panel.

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety and/or agitation']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and flu-like symptoms, and sensory and sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14752 is a poorly understood syndrome consisting of heterogeneous @entity16 and high serum antithyroid antibody titers, typically responding to @entity230 . More clinical series studies are required to characterize the clinical, laboratory and imaging features, and outcomes, especially in the Chinese population. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features and outcomes of thirteen consecutive @entity1 with @entity14752 diagnosed in Xuan Wu Hospital, Beijing from 2005 to 2010 retrospectively. RESULTS: @entity73 (84.6%) and @entity146 symptoms (38.5%) were the most frequent symptoms. @entity410 (30.8%) and @entity2045 (7.7%) were less common than previously described. Three (23.1%) @entity1 showed abnormal signals in hippocampus or temporal lobe, which were believed related to their @entity2414 or @entity410 . MRI changes showed resolution paralleling clinical improvement in one @entity1 . Among eight @entity1 who received @entity134 therapy, five @entity1 recovered, one @entity1 improved with @entity51 , and two @entity1 relapsed or had no effect. Among five non- @entity134 treated @entity1 , three @entity1 experienced stable remission with antiepileptic drugs or general neurotrophic therapy, and two @entity1 experienced continuous deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with @entity14752 showed good response to @entity230 . Some @entity1 improved without @entity134 therapy. Considering its reversible course, we recommend that @entity14752 should always be in the differential diagnosis while evaluating @entity6220 .

title: XXXX cases: Chinese experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity14752 :: ('MESH:C535841', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's encephalopathy"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['residual deficits']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disorders']

answer: @entity14752 :: (MESH:C535841,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto's encephalopathy']


abstract: The subcellular distribution of the membrane components, present in @entity35 brain cortex homogenates, that interact with @entity2228 in the presence of @entity1372 ions was studied. The distribution in the primary fractions, as per cent of total binding in the homogenate, was: P1 ('nuclear'), 58%; P2 (large granule), 39%; P3 (microsomal), 2%9 Of the subfractions obtained by centrifuging P1 in a linear 0.32--1.5 M @entity969 gradient, only the lighter fraction (P1-III) formed by large myelin fragments was enriched in specific binding activity with respect to P1. The pellet formed by purified nuclei had negligible binding, and fractions of intermediate density had a lower activity than P1. Transient exposure of P1-III to 1.5 M @entity969 did not diminish its binding ability. Similarly, in the subfractions obtained by centrifuging P1 in a discontinuous @entity969 gradient, only the least dense one, P1-A, that is formed exclusively by large myelin fragments, was enriched with respect to P1. The electron microscopy of these fractions is presented. The P2 subfractions, obtained in a linear 2--18% Ficoll gradient, had the following @entity1372 -dependent activity (counts/min/mg protein, fractions being in the order of decreasing density): pellet, 0; P2-I, O; P2-II, 450; P2-III, 1770; P2-IV, 4130; unfractionated P2, 880; P2-IV, the least dense fraction being composed mainly of myelin. With P2 subfractions obtained in a discontinuous @entity969 gradient (0.32, 0.8 and 1.2 M @entity969 layers), it was also found that @entity1372 -dependent @entity2228 binding was only enriched, with respect to P2, in the myelin fraction P2-A. @entity2228 binding to purified brain cortex myelin was also found to be very high, while binding to non-myelin membranes, obtained during the purification procedure, was only 0--7% of that seen with myelin. These results suggest that high-affinity @entity2228 binding is located in myelin proper, and possibly also in some other glial plasma membranes, but not in nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum or synaptosomes. The relevance of these findings for interpreting previous reports on high-affinity @entity2228 transport in the central nervous system is analyzed.

title: Subcellular distribution of XXXX brain cortex high-affinity, @entity1372 -dependent, @entity2228 transport sites.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine', 'Glycine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Multiple invasions (MIs) or @entity281 , i.e. those by more than 1 parasite in the same erythrocyte, could be the result of parasite density or, alternatively, to parasite-related factors or host-related factors. According to the last possibility, to our knowledge, only 3 laboratory studies of @entity311 have found an increase in the occurrence of MIs when antibodies to parasite antigens were present. Therefore, we tested the possibility that MIs were influenced by the host immune status, using as model the @entity311 -like parasite Haemoproteus infecting blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). Avian hosts infected with Haemoproteus were medicated with @entity12433 or injected with saline solution and the density of @entity281 and the presence of MIs counted. Medication treatment reduced significantly the density of @entity281 in females but not in males. For females, the presence of MIs was positively associated with both the density of @entity281 and the immunoglobulin levels on each capture, but no association was found between the treatment and the presence of MIs. For males, the density of @entity281 but not the immunoglobulin levels was positively associated with the presence of MIs. In addition, medicated males supported more MIs than controls. Our results represent the first line of evidence in the wild for a possible role of the host immune system promoting MIs.

title: Can the host immune system promote multiple invasions of erythrocytes in vivo? Differential effects of medication and host sex in a wild XXXX -like model.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection by Haemoproteus', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity12433 :: ('MESH:D011319', 'Chemical') :: ['primaquine']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Childhood @entity28 prevalence remains high and racial/ethnic disparities may be widening. Studies have examined the role of health behavioral differences. Less is known regarding neighborhood and built environment mediators of disparities. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which racial/ethnic disparities in elevated @entity1 body mass index (BMI) are explained by neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and built environment. METHODS: We collected and analyzed race/ethnicity, BMI, and geocoded address from electronic health records of 44,810 @entity1 4 to 18years-old seen at 14 Massachusetts pediatric practices in 2011-2012. Main outcomes were BMI z-score and BMI z-score change over time. We used multivariable linear regression to examine associations between race/ethnicity and BMI z-score outcomes, sequentially adjusting for neighborhood SES and the food and physical activity environment. RESULTS: Among 44,810 @entity1 , 13.3% were black, 5.7% Hispanic, and 65.2% white. Compared to white @entity1 , BMI z-scores were higher among black (0.43units [95% CI: 0.40-0.45]) and Hispanic (0.38 [0.34-0.42]) @entity1 ; black (0.06 [0.04-0.08]), but not Hispanic, @entity1 also had greater increases in BMI z-score over time. Adjusting for neighborhood SES substantially attenuated BMI z-score differences among black (0.30 [0.27-0.34]) and Hispanic @entity1 (0.28 [0.23-0.32]), while adjustment for food and physical activity environments attenuated the differences but to a lesser extent than neighborhood SES. CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood SES and the built environment may be important drivers of @entity28 disparities. To accelerate progress in reducing @entity28 disparities, interventions must be tailored to the neighborhood contexts in which families live.

title: The role of neighborhood characteristics and the built environment in understanding racial/ethnic disparities in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: Orange juice (OJ) is among the most consumed fruit juices worldwide, and its chemopreventive action is fairly addressed in the literature. This review critically presents the available evidence linking OJ with @entity5 chemoprevention and on discussing the putative mechanisms and negative health effects. The chemopreventive action of OJ is related to its effect on metabolic enzymes and its antiinflammatory, cytoprotective/apoptotic, hormonal, cell signaling-modulating, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic effects. Most studies on OJ are in vitro, and few are conducted in vivo. Results from in vitro studies must be interpreted carefully because these findings do not consider in vivo bioavailability. However, such results are useful for studying the impact of different processing and storage methods on OJ's chemopreventive effect. Evidence of OJ's chemoprevention in @entity1 is limited. OJ is antimutagenic in bacteria and antigenotoxic in @entity1 and rodents. Studies using @entity5 models showed that OJ is @entity5 chemopreventive, influencing either the induction stage or the promotion stage. The composition and, therefore, the chemopreventive action of OJ might be influenced by different cultivars, climates, extraction methods, packaging, storage temperatures, and shelf lives, among other factors. Epidemiological studies and randomized controlled intervention studies in @entity1 evaluating the chemopreventive effect of OJ, taking into consideration variability in OJ composition, are needed.

title: Orange juice and XXXX chemoprevention.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rodent cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the effect of @entity251 replacement therapy (TRT) on body composition, @entity1720 , oxidative metabolism, and glycemic control in aging @entity1 with lowered bioavailable @entity251 (BioT) levels and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) controlled on @entity2449 monotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of 39 @entity1 aged 50-70 years with BioT-levels <7.3   nmol/l and @entity6 treated with @entity2449 monotherapy. @entity1 were randomized to @entity251 gel (TRT, n   =   20) or placebo (n   =   19) for 24 weeks. Lean body mass (LBM), total and regional fat-mass were measured by whole-body Dual-energy X- @entity16039 Absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Whole-body @entity1897 , endogenous @entity413 production (EGP), and substrate-oxidation were assessed by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp with @entity413 tracer and combined with indirect calorimetry. Coefficients (b) represent the placebo-controlled mean-effect-of-intervention. RESULTS: LBM (b   =   1.9   kg, p   =   0.001) increased after TRT, while total-fat-mass (b   =   -1.3   kg, p   =   0.009), fat-mass-trunk (b   =   -0.7   kg, p   =   0.043), fat-mass-legs (b   =   -0.7   kg, p   =   0.025), fat-mass-arms (b   =   -0.3   kg, p   =   0.001), and HDL- @entity165 (b   =   -0.11   mmol/l, p   =   0.009) decreased after TRT compared with placebo. Insulin-stimulated @entity413 disposal-rates did not change in response to TRT compared with placebo (p   =   0.18). Moreover, HbA1c, and basal and insulin-stimulated rates of EGP, lipid- and @entity413 -oxidation were unaltered after TRT. CONCLUSION: TRT of aging @entity1 with lowered BioT-levels and @entity6 controlled on @entity2449 monotherapy improved body-composition; however glycemic control, @entity1897 , EGP and substrate metabolism were unchanged. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01560546, www.clinicaltrials.gov.

title: Effect of XXXX on insulin sensitivity, oxidative metabolism, and body-composition in aging @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 on @entity2449 monotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral insulin-sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: @entity43044 , primarily a mixture of @entity16377 , has been shown to modulate a wide-range of biological, pharmacological and toxicological effects which are mainly cytoprotective. This study assessed the ability of @entity43045 (GSPE) to prevent @entity1443 ( @entity43046 )-induced nephrotoxicity, @entity2643 ( @entity43047 )-induced @entity358 , and @entity632 ( @entity3105 )-induced @entity1370 in @entity19 . Experimental design consisted of four groups: control (vehicle alone), GSPE alone, drug alone and GSPE+drug. For the cytoprotection study, animals were orally gavaged 100 mg/Kg GSPE for 7-10 days followed by i.p. injections of organ specific three drugs ( @entity43046 : 500 mg/Kg for 24 h; @entity43047 : 50 mg/Kg/day for four days; @entity3105 : 20 mg/Kg for 48 h). Parameters of study included analysis of serum chemistry ( @entity5682 , BUN and @entity43048 ), and orderly fragmentation of genomic DNA (both endonuclease-dependent and independent) in addition to microscopic evaluation of damage and/or protection in corresponding PAS stained tissues. Results indicate that GSPE preexposure prior to @entity43046 , @entity43047 and @entity3105 , provided near complete protection in terms of serum chemistry changes ( @entity5682 , BUN and @entity43048 ), and significantly reduced DNA fragmentation. Histopathological examination of kidney, heart and lung sections revealed moderate to massive @entity3145 with a variety of morphological aberrations by all the three drugs in the absence of GSPE preexposure than in its presence. GSPE+drug exposed tissues exhibited minor residual damage or near total recovery. Additionally, histopathological alterations mirrored both serum chemistry changes and the pattern of DNA fragmentation. Interestingly, all the drugs, such as, @entity43046 , @entity43047 and @entity3105 induced apoptotic death in addition to @entity39 in the respective organs which was very effectively blocked by GSPE. Since @entity43046 , @entity43047 and @entity3105 undergo biotransformation and are known to produce damaging radicals in vivo, the protection by GSPE may be linked to both inhibition of metabolism and/or detoxification of cytotoxic radicals. In addition, its' presumed contribution to DNA repair may be another important attribute, which played a role in the chemoprevention process. Additionally, this may have been the first report on @entity43047 -induced apoptotic death in the lung tissue. Taken together, these events undoubtedly establish GSPE's abundant bioavailability, and the power to defend multiple target organs from toxic assaults induced by structurally diverse and functionally different entities in vivo.

title: In vivo protection of dna damage associated apoptotic and XXXX cell deaths during @entity1443 -induced nephrotoxicity, @entity2643 -induced @entity358 and @entity632 -induced @entity1370 by a novel @entity43045 .

entities_list: @entity16377 :: ('MESH:D044945', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidins']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity43044 :: ('C511402', 'Chemical') :: ['Grape seed extract']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung toxicity']

entities_list: @entity43045 :: ('MESH:C511402', 'Chemical') :: ['IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The @entity470 ( @entity470 ) is an important determinant of @entity5 response to ionizing radiation. Elevated levels of @entity470 expression and activity are frequently correlated with the radiotherapy resistance of @entity5 , including that of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The molecular inhibition of @entity470 signaling is a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing the cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy. The aim of the present study is to determine whether @entity4562 , a selective @entity470 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can radiosensitize the @entity1149 H358 and @entity1 cell lines. The study also aims to elucidate the mechanism, by which this drug restores the radiosensitivity of @entity1149 cells. METHODS: The two cell lines were divided into two groups, the X-ray and @entity4562 -interfering groups. The former was irradiated with X-rays only, and the latter was treated with 1  mol/L @entity4562 for 24 h before irradiation under the same conditions as those for the first group. Clonogenic cell survival assay was performed to determine the radiosensitivity of both cell groups. Immunostaining for confocal microscopy was performed to observe nuclear y- @entity6714 repair and @entity470 foci after irradiation. Nuclear @entity470 expression was also detected by Western blot analysis after radiotherapy. RESULTS: The clonogenic cell survival assay revealed that the surviving fraction at 2 Gy ( @entity19593 ) of the @entity4562 -interfering group (0.355) was lower than that of the X-ray group (0.433) in H358 cells. There was no significant difference between the @entity19593 values of the two respective groups in @entity1 cells (0.223 vs 0.242). The confocal microscopy results found that @entity4562 increased the average number of y- @entity6714 foci after irradiation in H358 cells, but did not affect the foci in @entity1 cells. Based on confocal microscopy and Western blot analyses, @entity4562 also inhibited the translocation of EFGR into the nuclei of H358 cells. However, @entity470 was not observed in the nuclei of @entity1 cells for both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4562 enhances the radioresponse of H358 cells, which may be attributed to the suppression of @entity470 transport into the nucleus. However, @entity4562 does not affect @entity1 cells, where @entity470 remains in the cytoplasm after irradiation.

title: [Effect and mechanism of XXXX inhibition on @entity1149 radiosensitivity of @entity1 and H358 cell lines].

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib', 'Gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: The intravenous injection of @entity11857 into @entity95 produced dose-dependent changes in SAP, @entity27810 , and RBCV, as well as plasma @entity112 and complement concentrations. After infusion of 8 ml/kg Hypaque-50, SAP dropped from 86 +/- 3 mm Hg to 50 +/- 3, @entity27810 from 42 +/- 2 cm @entity2507 to 26 +/- 3, and RBCV from 0.98 +/- 0.11 mm/sec to 0.37 +/- 0.13. The microvascular changes appeared 10 sec after injection and persisted for 10 to 40 min. During the course of the reaction it was observed that leukocytes adhered to the endothelial walls and red blood cells shrank and finally aggregated in the microvessels. The microvascular changes were accompanied by an increase in plasma @entity112 concentration, with an average of 44 ng/ml after 2 min, and a drop in total plasma CH50 by an average of 46%. Infusion of 8 ml/kg hyperosmolar saline solution (4.1 gm/dl or 1324 mOsm/L) produced initial changes in microvascular parameters which returned to normal within a few seconds. At the same time plasma @entity112 concentration increases slightly without changes in complement. It is concluded that the hyperosmolar properties of @entity11857 may contribute to the initial hemodynamic changes observed after @entity11857 infusion. However, the prolonged microcirculatory disturbances produced by @entity11857 in @entity95 appear to be a direct effect of the chemotoxicity of these compounds. Part of this chemotoxicity might result form initial release of vasoactive mediators such as @entity112 and activation of the complement system.

title: @entity112 release, complement consumption, and microvascular changes after radiographic contrast media infusion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']