abstract: Background. Fatigue is a significant aspect of everyday life for @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ), and it influences their health-related quality of life. Little is known about @entity1295 from the @entity1 's perspective. Aim. To investigate how female @entity29 @entity1 experience and handle @entity1295 . Methods. The study included 11 female outpatients. These @entity1 were 40-59 years old and had @entity29 >=  one year and a significantly increased @entity1295 score. @entity1 with severe active @entity29 , @entity417 , comorbidity, or pregnancy were excluded. The included @entity1 agreed to participate in a semistructured interview. The interviews were analysed using Malterud's principles of systematic text condensation. Results. The @entity1 described physical and mental symptoms of @entity1295 that led to social-, physical-, and work-related limitations with emotional consequences. To handle @entity1295 , the @entity1 used planning, priority, acceptance, exercise, and support. Two of the eleven @entity1 used exercise on a regular basis. Surprisingly, some @entity1 indicated that they did not need to talk with professionals about their @entity1295 unless a cure was available. Conclusion. Fatigue in @entity29 includes physical and mental symptoms that limit the @entity1 ' social-, physical-, and work-related lives. Despite this, some @entity1 expressed that they had chosen to accept their @entity1295 .

title: How @entity1295 is experienced and handled by female outpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Having used the nonfreeze Barraquer-Krumeich-Swinger set for refractive lamellar keratoplasty since January 1987, the authors found the results of this procedure to be disappointing for correction of @entity4118 . Insufficient refractive gains for epikeratoplasty (+39% of initial refraction at 12-month follow up) persuaded the authors to look for a more effective refractive corneal surgery technique for correcting @entity4118 . METHODS: We describe a new technique consisting of the insertion of a plano-convex homoplastic donor @entity267 meniscus between the @entity1 's @entity267 and a hypermetropic epikeratoplasty. A nonfreeze Barraquer-Krumeich-Swinger set was used to fashion the two donor lenticules. This double surgery, called the "double curve effect," because it uses two convex surfaces to increase the converging power of the @entity267 , has been performed in 15 eyes. RESULTS: We report the results of 10 eyes with a 6-month follow up. The average refractive gain was +11.75 D, 90% of the needed correction. But there was a loss of approximately 46% of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Three problems should be emphasized: the existence of two interfaces, the difficulty of perfectly centering the two lenticules, and the induced irregular @entity940 . Despite these problems which can reduce the level of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, the double curve effect may offer an effective solution for treating certain cases of unilateral @entity4118 .

title: Combined epikeratoplasty and homoplastic keratophakia for correction of XXXX : double curve effect.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity4118 :: (MESH:D001035,Disease) :: ['aphakia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To correlate @entity876 and ErbB receptors status with disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in locally advanced @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty @entity1 were included in a single-center, open-label, phase II trial (1998-2003). Analysis of Erb receptors and @entity876 status and @entity172 receptor/ @entity1420 receptor data were available for 33 @entity1 . Neoadjuvant @entity1259 75 mg/m2 and @entity1311 175-200 mg/m2 were administered every 21 days. The @entity1 underwent surgery and radiation therapy and adjuvant chemo/hormonotherapy. RESULTS: Approximately two thirds of the @entity1 demonstrated overexpression of ErbB receptors and had mutant @entity876 overexpression. The disease recurred in 11/33 @entity1 and 7 died (median follow-up 56 months). Detrimental effects on @entity1349 were established in cases of combined defective @entity876 expression and @entity470 - @entity7514 heterodimeric receptor overexpression. In contrast, normal @entity876 together with the same overexpressed heterodimeric combination of ErbB receptors showed no statistically significant effect. CONCLUSION: In terms of the clinical impact of combinations of ErbB receptors with or without mutant @entity876 , only the overexpressed various @entity470 - @entity7514 dimeric combinations and the @entity470 / @entity1722 / @entity7514 triplet combination with mutated @entity876 were related to a significantly poorer outcome. This observation may help in the development of new strategies required for blocking these molecular pathways and improving the outcome of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 .

title: @entity0 treated with @entity1311 and @entity1259 neo-adjuvant chemotherapy: the role in the outcome of the "crosstalk" between Erb receptors and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: The incidence of @entity3361 during and following excimer laser atherectomy is considerable. The aim of this study was to investigate vasoconstriction of the target vessel during early follow-up angiography. In 50 @entity1 an angiogram was performed 24 hours after intervention. Nineteen @entity1 were treated with stand-alone laser atherectomy (group I), another 19 with laser and additional balloon angioplasty (group II) and 12 with balloon angioplasty alone (group III). Lumen diameter and percent @entity850 before and after intracoronary application of 0.1 mg @entity1242 were determined. The differences were compared between groups I, II and III, and for @entity1 with (N = 14) and without (N = 24) @entity2553 during laser atherectomy. There was a significant increase in lumen diameter, of 0.17 +/- 0.28 mm, after @entity1242 in group I, of 0.18 +/- 0.29 mm in group II (P = 0.02) and of 0.03 +/- 0.21 mm in group III (ns). In @entity1 with @entity2553 during laser atherectomy the average increase in lumen diameter was 0.28 +/- 0.24 mm (P less than 0.01), and in @entity1 without @entity2553 0.12 +/- 0.29 mm (P = 0.09). We conclude that one day after coronary excimer laser atherectomy intracoronary @entity1242 significantly affects lumen diameter at the site of previous @entity850 , an effect undetectable after balloon angioplasty. Thus, vasoconstriction after excimer laser ablation seems to be a common phenomenon and is prolonged in @entity1 with @entity2553 during the previous intervention.

title: Effects of intracoronary XXXX on lumen diameter during early follow-up angiography after coronary excimer laser atherectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Three hertz spike-and-wave (SW) occurrence is caused by the abnormal functioning of the same thalamo-cortical loop generating sleep spindles. In fact, SW preferably occurs during light sleep and transitional phases of the vigilance status. Since high-frequency somatosensory evoked potentials (HF-SEPs) are powerfully modulated by sleep and arousal, we verified whether they can reveal abnormalities of arousal-related structures in two @entity1 having showed sporadic SW discharges during light sleep. METHODS: We recorded right median nerve SEPs in two adult @entity1 who suffered since the infancy from @entity2048 ( @entity2048 ). Sleep stage-related changes of HF-SEPs were compared to those observed in five healthy volunteers. RESULTS: HF-SEPs decreased during sleep in controls. By contrast, the amplitude of the subcortical component dramatically increased in @entity2048 @entity1 during phase II NREM sleep. Simultaneous EEG showed normally represented sleep spindles, but not SW discharges. CONCLUSIONS: HF-SEP increase probably reflects the hyperactivation of brain-stem arousal-related structures. During such a hyperactivation no EEG abnormalities were observed. SIGNIFICANCE: We hypothesize that HF-SEP increase might reflect a protective mechanism against @entity410 occurrence during light sleep.

title: Increase of brain-stem high-frequency SEP subcomponents during light sleep in @entity410 -free epileptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['CAE', 'childhood absence epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiation therapy is a widely accepted strategy for @entity263 . @entity323 is a common complication of radiation therapy. Adjuvant @entity342 deprivation was shown to prolong survival in select @entity1 . There is controversy regarding the impact of @entity342 deprivation on erectile function. We defined the impact of @entity342 deprivation on the @entity7855 response in @entity1 with @entity323 following radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 were enrolled prospectively if they underwent radiation therapy in the form of 3-dimensional conformal external beam or brachytherapy with or without @entity342 deprivation, reported functional erections before radiation therapy, experienced the onset of @entity323 following the completion of radiation therapy, had comprehensive @entity323 evaluation, including a thorough history and physical examination, attempted @entity7855 periodically and completed the International Index of Erectile Function on at least 2 occasions throughout the first 3 years following the completion of radiation therapy. RESULTS: A total of 152 @entity1 were enrolled. Mean age +/- SD was 62 +/- 14 years. No significant difference existed in age or radiation dose between @entity1 with and without @entity342 deprivation exposure. Mean @entity342 deprivation duration was 3.8 +/- 1.8 months. For @entity1 with conformal external beam and brachytherapy the @entity7855 response, mean erectile function domain score and percent who experienced erectile function domain normalization at each time point were lower in those with vs without @entity342 deprivation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity342 deprivation seems to exert a deleterious effect on erectile function in @entity1 undergoing radiation therapy for @entity263 . This was observed in @entity1 treated with conformal external beam and brachytherapy at short-term, medium term and long-term followup.

title: Analysis of the impact of @entity342 deprivation therapy on @entity7855 response following radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess treatment-related @entity2590 / @entity1778 (t-AML) in @entity521 @entity1 by a review of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) data and the literature. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 380 previously untreated and treated MSKCC @entity1 . Low-risk @entity1 received no cytotoxic therapy. High-risk @entity1 received the N4, N5, or N6 regimens. Dosing per cycle and cumulative dosing of leukemogenic agents peaked with N6, which included four cycles of @entity786 4,200 mg/m2 and @entity632 75 mg/m2, plus three cycles of @entity900 200 mg/m2 and @entity2879 600 mg/m2. We reviewed the literature. RESULTS: t-AML occurred in six MSKCC @entity1 , which included three of 53 @entity1 in whom the only chemotherapy consisted of N6, and three @entity1 treated for relapsed or refractory @entity521 ; no case of @entity1778 emerged among the 50 low-risk @entity1 . Four cases were found incidentally in routine follow-up bone marrow tests. The 36-month cumulative incidence of t-AML in the N6 cohort was 7% (95% confidence interval, 0 to 15). Published data parallel the MSKCC experience in that t-AML after @entity521 was once rare but has become less so since the mid-1980s, when the intensified use of topoisomerase-II inhibitors and alkylators first gained wide acceptance and produced better response rates and longer survival. CONCLUSION: @entity521 itself is not associated with a host susceptibility to @entity1778 . However, current @entity521 treatment programs that use high-dose @entity786 , @entity900 , and topoisomerase-II inhibitors may entail a considerable risk for t-AML. The incidence of t-AML in @entity521 @entity1 may be underestimated because treatment and clinical factors can mask its presence. Efforts to devise effective but less leukemogenic treatment for @entity521 or to truncate leukemogenic therapy, eg, by exploiting molecular techniques for the early identification of complete remission, are warranted.

title: @entity521 and treatment-related XXXX / @entity1778 : the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience and a literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplasia']


abstract: Authors report a case of @entity12924 in a 6 year old @entity1 . @entity12924 is a @entity395 characterized by the combination of acquired @entity2026 and @entity302 abnormalities like diffuse spikes-and-waves in sleep EEG. @entity410 are associated in 50 to 80% of cases and generally disappear at puberty. @entity146 ranges from minor psychomotor disturbances to @entity716 -like features. Onset appears at an age between 3 to 7 years. The relationship between @entity2026 and @entity302 remains unclear, even if language improvement frequently follows EEG improvement. The hypothesis of an underlying @entity198 could explain the whole syndrome but is not yet validated. Therapy should associate antiepileptic drugs, @entity228 treatment and speech therapy, but no controlled study is available to confirm this protocol. @entity2026 recovery is generally incomplete. The evolution of @entity146 is not well documented. In the reported case, one year after onset, sleep EEG again became normal, @entity146 had disappeared, but spoken language was still absent.

title: [Acquired @entity2026 in a @entity1 with XXXX ( @entity12924 ). Comments apropos of a case with 1-year follow-up].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures']

entities_list: @entity12924 :: ('MESH:D018887', 'Disease') :: ['Landau-Kleffner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior disorder', 'behavior disturbances', 'Behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['aphasia', 'Aphasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Some of the immunopathologic mechanisms involved in IgE responses are currently being identified; Th2 lymphocytes are known to be activated in @entity1 with @entity483 with subsequent production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity225 , which are responsible for IgE production and eosinophil recruitment. Nevertheless, T cell activation in this disease takes place in two phases. In the first phase, Th2 cells are activated and @entity3646 , @entity225 and @entity4047 are produced; this first stage is produced with the initial activation induced by the antigen. In the second phase there are chronic lesions, @entity1198 lymphocytes are activated and IFg is produced. This chronic phase is associated with the presence of eosinophils and macrophages that produce IL-12.Numerous articles have demonstrated food sensitization to be an etiopathogenic factor in @entity483 . The prevalence of sensitization varies, depending on the @entity1 's age and the severity of the disease. @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity483 have been observed to have a positive skin test and high IgE concentrations to various foods. Nevertheless, a positive skin test to foods in such @entity1 does not always implicate these foods as the cause of the clinical manifestations; moreover, in @entity1 showing subsequent tolerance to these foods, skin tests can sometimes remain positive and high levels of specific IgE can persist. It is now known that IgE not only participate in the degranulation of mastocyte cells but also in reactions mediated by T cells and other antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells) which have high-affinity receptors for IgE.The immediate IgE response is well known but it is also known that in addition to the immediate response, a delayed response is also involved, evidenced by the presence of antigen-specific T cells to foods or other allergens such as inhalant allergens. After a strict exclusion diet, @entity1 with @entity483 and sensitivity to foods such as milk, egg, flour and soya can develop tolerance; for this reason provocation tests with the food in question should be repeated every 2-3 years. In @entity1 with sensitivity to other foods such as dried fruits, fish, and shellfish, sensitivity can sometimes persist into adulthood without tolerance being achieved. In conclusion, there are two groups of @entity1 with @entity483 . One group consists of those with @entity483 ( @entity56 ), which is characterized by early development, high IgE titers, the presence of antigen-specific IgE to allergens and a family history of atopy and which is clinically moderate or severe. Early diagnosis and treatment are important in these @entity1 , as is the prevention of progression of the disease to @entity565 . The other group consists of @entity1 whose @entity1909 is clinically atopic in terms of its localization and morphology, who have no demonstrable @entity56 and whose management differs from that in @entity1 presenting @entity56

title: [Etiologic implication of foods in XXXX : evidence in favor].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: The effects of @entity3593 10-20 mg or @entity918 25-50 mg (each given once daily) on blood pressure, serum @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity1760 concentrations, total body @entity972 and urinary cation excretion were compared in a group of @entity101 @entity1 using a double blind randomised crossover design. Each active treatment phase lasted six weeks and a total of sixteen @entity1 completed the study. Both @entity3593 and @entity918 produced clinically significant @entity551 . However, @entity3593 treatment produced a mean reduction of 14 mmHg in sitting diastolic pressure compared with a 7 mmHg reduction for @entity918 treatment. This difference was statistically significant. The decrease in the concentration of serum @entity972 during @entity918 treatment was greater than that during @entity3593 treatment (0.53 vs 0.01 mmol.1). The absolute value of serum @entity972 was significantly lower on @entity918 than on @entity3593 therapy. Neither treatment had an effect on serum @entity1760 concentrations, nor was there any significant effect of either treatment on urine volume or urinary excretion of @entity1372 , @entity972 or @entity1760 . There was a trend towards increased total body @entity972 concentration on @entity3593 compared with a decrease in total body @entity972 on @entity918 . However, this difference was just outside the range of statistical significance. Both treatments were equally well tolerated. The results indicate slight superiority of @entity3593 over @entity918 with regard to control of diastolic blood pressure with a better effect on overall electrolyte balance.

title: A comparison of the effect of XXXX and @entity918 on electrolyte balance in essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3593 :: (MESH:D017706,Chemical) :: ['lisinopril']


abstract: Protein and essential @entity844 (EFA) deficiencies may both occur in chronic @entity3147 and have common symptoms. To determine the interactions between dietary protein intake and EFA availability, @entity35 were fed purified diets containing 20% or 2% casein and 5% as one of four fats (sunflower, @entity1460 , coconut, or salmon oil) that differed particularly in their n-6 and n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ). @entity3147 enhanced hepatic @entity1674 and @entity165 concentrations while decreasing hepatic protein and phospholipid contents and mass and components of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The ratio of @entity5204 to @entity1718 ( @entity10194 ) was consistently depressed by @entity3147 in liver and VLDL @entity1674 and phospholipid. Total n-6 and n-3 @entity1718 were diminished by @entity3147 , except with salmon oil, with which a decrease in 20:5n-3 was compensated for by an increase in 22:6n-3. The ratio of 20:4n-6 to 18:2n-6 was enhanced in liver phospholipid and VLDL @entity1674 , and modified little in liver @entity1674 . Generally, the ratio of 20:3n-9 to 20:4n-6, an index for @entity1560 , was raised with @entity3147 in liver @entity1674 and phospholipid and in VLDL @entity1674 . The extent of changes in each @entity844 proportion varied according to the oil fed. Overall, VLDL-apolipoprotein concentrations were, in general, strongly reduced with @entity3147 . In conclusion, @entity3147 may accelerate marginal @entity1560 and decrease long-chain @entity5204 bioavailability and thus increase EFA requirement.

title: Hepatic storage and transport of n-3 and n-6 @entity1474 by very-low-density lipoproteins in growing XXXX fed low- or adequate-protein diets with sunflower, @entity1460 , coconut, and salmon oils.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['EFA deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Protein malnutrition', 'protein malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: RATIONALE: Chronic exposure to indoor @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) is a public health concern. Over half of U.S. households have a source of @entity6836 , and experimental data suggest potential for adverse respiratory effects. OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of indoor @entity6836 exposure with @entity1576 among @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: @entity6836 was measured using Palmes tubes, and @entity1576 in the month before sampling were collected during home interviews of mothers of 728 @entity1 with active @entity565 . All were younger than 12 yr, lived at the sampled home for at least 2 mo, and had @entity565 symptoms or used maintenance medication within the previous year. MEASUREMENTS: Respiratory symptoms (wheeze, persistent cough, @entity1353 , chest tightness). RESULTS: Mean (SD) @entity6836 was 8.6 (9.1) ppb in homes with electric ranges and 25.9 (18.1) ppb in homes with gas stoves. In models stratified by housing type (a factor associated with socioeconomic status), gas stove presence and elevated @entity6836 were each significantly associated with @entity1576 , controlling for age, ethnicity, medication, mold/mildew, water leaks, and season of sampling. Among @entity1 in multifamily housing, exposure to gas stoves increased likelihood of wheeze (odds ratio [OR], 2.27; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.15, 4.47), @entity1353 (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.12, 5.06), and chest tightness (OR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.76, 10.69), whereas each 20-ppb increase in @entity6836 increased both likelihood of any wheeze (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.04, 2.21) or chest tightness (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.04, 2.49), and days of wheeze (rate ratio (RR), 1.33; 95% CI, 1.05, 1.68) or chest tightness (RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.18, 1.91). CONCLUSION: Exposure to indoor @entity6836 at levels well below the Environmental Protection Agency outdoor standard (53 ppb) is associated with @entity1576 among @entity1 with @entity565 in multifamily housing.

title: Association of indoor XXXX exposure with @entity1576 in @entity1 with @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

answer: @entity7459 :: (MESH:D009585,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity141 -paradox is an important phenomenon to study cell injury induced by @entity141 -overload in myocardium. Although intracellular @entity141 -overload acts as a trigger and modulator of cell death due to apoptosis under various pathophysiological conditions, the presence of apoptosis in hearts subjected to @entity141 -paradox has not been demonstrated. Since @entity2226 attenuates the changes in cardiac function due to @entity141 -paradox, this study investigated the occurrence and mechanisms of apoptosis in @entity141 -paradoxic hearts treated in the absence and presence of @entity2226 . METHODS: @entity141 -paradox was induced by perfusing the isolated @entity35 heart with @entity141 -free medium for 5 min followed by reperfusion with @entity141 -containing medium for 30 min. Apoptosis related signal transduction mechanisms were determined in @entity141 -paradoxic hearts perfused with or without 10 mM @entity2226 . RESULTS: Marked alterations in cardiac function and the presence of apoptosis were seen in @entity141 -paradoxic hearts reperfused for 30 min. Unlike the total protein contents in hearts subjected to @entity141 -paradox, the contents of phosphorylated @entity12220 (MAPK), @entity10861 , @entity31706 and c-jun @entity1472 -terminal kinase were increased by 125 +/- 8.6%, 296 +/- 14.3%, 213 +/- 8.5% and 133 +/- 4.2%, respectively vs. control. @entity4124 and phosphorylated @entity1976 contents were also increased by 193 +/- 10.2% and 134 +/- 5.0% vs. control whereas phosphorylated @entity2309 and the ratio of @entity1976 / @entity2309 were depressed by 32 +/- 10.8% and 0.23 +/- 0.5% vs. control in @entity141 -paradoxic hearts. The apoptosis as seen in @entity141 -paradoxic hearts reperfused for 30 min was not evident in hearts at 10 min @entity141 -repletion but was similar to hearts subjected to 60 min @entity141 -repletion. These changes in the apoptotic pathway in cardiomyocytes subjected to @entity141 -paradox were prevented by @entity2226 . Furthermore, @entity2226 attenuated the @entity4338 - or @entity855 -induced increase in intracellular concentration of @entity141 in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that @entity299 due to @entity141 -paradox may be associated with apoptosis. In addition, the beneficial effects of @entity2226 on cardiac function may be related to the attenuation of changes in MAPK and apoptotic signal transduction mechanisms in @entity141 -paradoxic hearts.

title: MAPK activation and apoptotic alterations in hearts subjected to calcium paradox are attenuated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10861 :: ('50689(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity12220 :: ('81649(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase']

answer: @entity2226 :: (MESH:D013654,Chemical) :: ['taurine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) is commonly treated with @entity1487 , @entity4181 , and @entity901 or @entity2600 . The multitargeted kinase inhibitor, @entity8486 , was combined with chemotherapy as first- or second-line treatment of mCRC to assess safety and pharmacokinetics (primary objectives) and @entity5 response (secondary objective). @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 were treated every 2 weeks with @entity1487 400 mg/m(2) bolus then 2400 mg/m(2) over 46 h, @entity4181 400 mg/m(2), and either @entity901 85 mg/m(2) or @entity2600 180 mg/m(2). On days 4-10, @entity1 received @entity8486 160 mg orally once daily. RESULTS: The median duration of treatment was 108 (range 2-345 days). Treatment was stopped for adverse events or @entity204 (17 @entity1 ), disease progression (11 @entity1 ), and consent withdrawal or investigator decision (11 @entity1 ). Six @entity1 remained on @entity8486 at data cutoff (two without chemotherapy). Drug-related adverse events occurred in 44 @entity1 [grade >=  3 in 32 @entity1 : mostly @entity1398 (17 @entity1 ) and @entity1431 , hand-foot skin reaction, and @entity5886 (four @entity1 each)]. Thirty-three @entity1 achieved disease control (partial response or stable disease) for a median of 126 (range 42-281 days). CONCLUSION: @entity8486 had acceptable tolerability in combination with chemotherapy, with increased exposure of @entity2600 and @entity2600 but no significant effect on @entity1487 or @entity901 pharmacokinetics.

title: XXXX in combination with FOLFOX or FOLFIRI as first- or second-line treatment of @entity14 : results of a multicenter, phase Ib study.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8486 :: ('MESH:C559147', 'Chemical') :: ['regorafenib', 'Regorafenib']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity8486 :: (MESH:C559147,Chemical) :: ['Regorafenib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1205 is a widely accepted second-line treatment in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with a risk of myelotoxicity. This study evaluated the efficacy and @entity137 profile of two @entity1205 regimens in @entity1149 @entity1 who had failed first-line non- @entity1205 -based chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 259 @entity1 from 33 Spanish centers were randomized to receive either @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) administered every 3 weeks (3W arm) or @entity1205 36 mg/m(2) given weekly (1W arm) for 6 weeks followed by 2 weeks of rest. The primary end point was 1-year survival; secondary end points were median survival, time to progression, response and @entity137 . RESULTS: One-year survival was 27% in the 3W and 22% in the 1W arm. Median time to progression was also similar in the two arms. Median survival was 6.6 months in the 3W arm versus 5.4 months in the 1W arm (P = 0.075). Response rates were 9.3% in the 3W arm and 4.8% in the 1W arm. More @entity1 in the 1W arm experienced @entity33 [1W, nine @entity1 (7.2%); 3W, two @entity1 (1.6%); P = 0.032], while @entity1398 was significantly higher in the 3W arm [3W, 10 @entity1 (7.8%); 1W, one @entity1 (0.8%); P = 0.010]. CONCLUSIONS: Both weekly and 3-weekly @entity1205 were effective and well-tolerated, with different @entity137 profiles. In general, there was no indication to recommend the weekly schedule. However, the significant lower rate of @entity1398 observed in the weekly schedule makes it a good alternative for @entity1 at risk of severe @entity1398 .

title: Randomized phase III study of 3-weekly versus weekly XXXX in pretreated @entity1149 : a Spanish Lung Cancer Group trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'advanced non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: Several researchers have documented less postoperative @entity158 and a quicker return to daily activities after laparoscopic herniorrhaphy. However, little objective data that validates this hypothesis exists. This study compares the rate of postoperative physical work capacity with return to preoperative levels, which is measured by a standard treadmill test in @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic and conventional open hernia repair. @entity1 completed a 6-minute walking test preoperatively and 1 week postoperatively using a nonmotorized treadmill. The distance walked was recorded. If the distance that a @entity1 achieved at 1 week was not within 0.02 miles of the preoperative values of the @entity1 , the @entity1 was asked to return at 1 month for repeat testing. @entity1 were enrolled prospectively in this study from October 1997 to February 1999. Sixty-six @entity1 participated in the study (27 laparoscopic herniorrhaphies and 39 open herniorrhaphies were performed). There was no significant difference in age, body mass index, or preoperative distance achieved among the two groups. At 1 week, @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic repair demonstrated a mean increase of 18 meters from preoperative distance (P = 0.07). In the open group, @entity1 demonstrated a mean decrease of 90 meters at 1 week (P = 0.001). The change in distance at 1 week between the laparoscopic and the open groups was statistically significant (P = 0.001). However, at 1 month, there was no significant difference among the two groups. Measured using treadmill walking, @entity547 repair seems to offer an early advantage to open repair in return-to-physical-work capacity.

title: XXXX repair enhances early return of physical work capacity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Laparoscopic hernia']


abstract: The authors studied pre- and post-operative defecograms in 20 @entity1 with rectal intussusception and three with @entity3577 to assess the value of defecography in detection of these conditions. Eleven @entity1 also had solitary rectal ulcers. Two to 3 months after surgery, @entity1 underwent defecography, and results were correlated with postoperative symptoms. In all three @entity1 with @entity3577 , and 13 of 20 with intussusception, findings on postoperative defecograms were normal and symptoms were gone. @entity2526 persisted in two @entity1 and recurred in another two. In five @entity1 , symptoms persisted despite normal defecographic findings. In 11 @entity1 with solitary rectal ulcers, @entity75 were cured in nine; in two, intussusception and @entity75 recurred. Thus, presence or absence of solitary rectal ulcer corresponded to postoperative symptoms in all cases. Symptoms and postoperative defecographic findings corresponded in 20. This study suggests that rectal intussusception and prolapse most likely lead to @entity74 and that defecography is useful in detecting them.

title: Rectal intussusception and XXXX : detection and postoperative evaluation with defecography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['rectal lesions']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities and symptoms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['defecation disorders']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['rectal prolapse']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['rectal prolapse']


abstract: Water transport across the @entity1 collecting tubule is regulated by @entity1951 -dependent @entity7060 insertion into and retrieval from the apical cell membrane. To establish a cell line that properly expresses @entity7060 and its hormone-dependent shuttling, Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney cells were stably transfected with an @entity7060 expression construct. Cells of a representative clone (wild-type 10 [WT-10]) were grown on semipermeable supports, and transcellular osmotic water permeability (Pf; in microm/s +/- SEM) was measured. The basal Pf of WT-10 cells, which was lowered with @entity3352 , increased from 10.6 +/- 0.8 to 35.7 +/- 1.2 upon incubation with @entity7580 ( @entity7062 ). This increase coincided with the translocation of @entity7060 from an intracellular compartment to the apical membrane. The Pf of untransfected cells (6.5 +/- 0.8) was unchanged by @entity7062 . Kinetic studies with WT-10 cells revealed that maximal Pf was obtained within 30 min after @entity7062 addition, which remained elevated for at least 90 min. Intracellular @entity268 levels peaked within 5 min after @entity7062 admission and decreased to basal levels within 45 min. After preincubation with @entity7062 , the Pf decreased within 15 min after @entity7062 washout and returned to basal levels within 75 min. In conclusion, the WT-10 cells mimic the vasopressin-regulated transcellular water transport and @entity7060 translocation as found in collecting duct cells to a great extent, and therefore constitute an in vitro cell model that can be used to study the regulation of transcellular water transport in detail and provide a simplified test system for screening putative @entity7060 blockers.

title: @entity7060 transfection of Madin-Darby XXXX kidney cells reconstitutes vasopressin-regulated transcellular osmotic water transport.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7580 :: ('CHEBI:4450', 'Chemical') :: ['1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: This study evaluated the diagnostic role of ultrasonography in dialysis-related @entity2783 in shoulders of chronically hemodialyzed @entity1 . Fourteen shoulders of 12 long-term hemodialysis @entity1 were examined. All @entity1 had been on dialysis for at least 10 years. All @entity1 had varying degrees of @entity158 and limitations of movement in the studied shoulders. Dialysis-related @entity2783 was the presumed diagnosis in all @entity1 . Any @entity1 with a history of any disease, other than dialysis-related @entity2783 , capable of producing a pathologic shoulder condition was excluded. The following parameters were studied: supraspinatus and @entity427 tendon thickness, @entity924 , @entity12897 , and the presence of hypoechoic material around tendons and within bursae. All shoulders had a nonhomogeneous thickening, greater than 7 mm, of the supraspinatus tendon. Seven shoulders (50%) had abnormal thickening of the @entity427 tendon (4 mm or greater), and two shoulders had abnormal thickening of the subscapularis tendon. @entity527 were seen in the subdeltoid bursae and @entity427 sheaths in five and six shoulders, respectively. Three shoulders showed partial tears of the supraspinatus tendon, one shoulder showed a @entity924 , and one shoulder had a tear in the subscapularis tendon. Ultrasonography is an excellent imaging modality in diagnosing the presence of dialysis-related @entity2783 in symptomatic shoulders of long-term hemodialysis @entity1 , without having to resort to invasive procedures. The results of previous studies have been confirmed and new ultrasonographic findings described. Of particular interest is the involvement of the subscapularis tendon in dialysis-related @entity2783 . Repeat ultrasonography can become an important way to follow-up progression of shoulder dialysis-related @entity2783 in hemodialyzed @entity1 .

title: Sonographic features of dialysis-related XXXX of the shoulder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoechoic deposits']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon tears', 'tear in the biceps tendon']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['synovial thickening']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: The bronchial reactivities in Hartley @entity840 to @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) or @entity112 (Hist) were investigated, and the following results obtained; 1. Eight-week-old animals were exposed to @entity1617 and Hist. A significant relationship was observed between the concentrations of the chemicals and the time needed to produce falling down (TNPFD) due to the asthmatic reaction to @entity1617 and Hist. 2. Eight-week-old animals were exposed to 0.1% @entity1617 and 0.05% Hist, for which the mean TNPFD +/- standard error were 377 +/- 33 sec and 122 +/- 5 sec respectivity. However, no difference in reactivity between male and female animals was noted. 3. Eight- and 9-week-old animals were exposed to 0.01% @entity1617 and 0.025% Hist. A positive correlation was observed (r = 0.736, p less than 0.01) between the TNPFD for @entity1617 and that for Hist. 4. Growing animals from 2 weeks to 20 weeks old were exposed to 0.08% @entity1617 and 0.025% Hist. After inhalation of both chemicals, 6-week-old animals showed the greatest prolongation of mean TNPFD (lowest sensitivity). 5. Eight-week-old animals were exposed to 0.08% @entity1617 and 0.025% Hist. With both of these chemicals, a positive correlation was observed between TNPFD and dose threshold ( @entity1617 r = 0.886, p less than 0.001; Hist r = 0.891, p less than 0.001).

title: Bronchial reactivities in XXXX to @entity934 or @entity112 exposure.

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: In polarized Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK) cells, sorting of membrane proteins in the trans-Golgi network for basolateral delivery depends on the presence of cytoplasmic determinants that are related or unrelated to clathrin-coated pit localization signals. Whether these signals mediate basolateral protein sorting through common or distinct pathways is unknown. The cytoplasmic domain of the cation-dependent @entity7788 receptor (CD-MPR) contains clathrin-coated pit localization signals that are necessary for endocytosis and lysosomal enzyme targeting. In this study, we have addressed the function of these signals in polarized sorting of the CD-MPR. A chimeric protein, made of the luminal domain of the influenza virus hemagglutinin fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the CD-MPR was stably expressed in MDCK cells. This chimera ( @entity2914 ) is able to interact with the AP-1 Golgi-specific assembly proteins and is detected on the basolateral plasma membrane of MDCK cells where it is endocytosed. Deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis of the cytoplasmic domain of the CD-MPR indicate that @entity2914 chimeras devoid of clathrin-coated pit localization signals are still transported to the basolateral membrane where they accumulate. A @entity2914 chimera containing only the transmembrane domain and the 12 membrane-proximal @entity3534 of the CD-MPR cytoplasmic tail is also found on the basolateral membrane but is unable to interact with the AP-1 assembly proteins. However, the overexpression of this mutant results in partial apical delivery. It is concluded, therefore, that the basolateral transport of this chimera requires a saturable sorting machinery distinct from AP-1.

title: Basolateral sorting of the cation-dependent XXXX receptor in Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney cells. Identification of a basolateral determinant unrelated to clathrin-coated pit localization signals.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7788 :: ('MESH:C027693', 'Chemical') :: ['mannose 6-phosphate']

answer: @entity7788 :: (MESH:C027693,Chemical) :: ['mannose 6-phosphate']


abstract: The alveolar macrophage (AM) secretes @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity687 ( @entity687 ), all of them inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of many @entity358 . The aim of the present work was to evaluate the basal and stimulated secretion of these cytokines by @entity1 AMs. @entity1 AMs were collected by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from four healthy controls and 13 @entity1 with diffuse @entity401 (five cases of @entity370 , three of @entity56 and five of @entity2416 ). AMs were cultured in the presence or absence of different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phorbolmyristate and gamma-interferon. @entity1356 , @entity310 , @entity650 and @entity687 levels were measured in BAL fluid and culture supernatant using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The substance found to stimulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines to the greatest extent was LPS at a concentration of 10 microg/ml. Regarding the secretion of @entity1356 , four observations were of interest: basal secretion was very low; LPS exerted a potent stimulatory effect; considerable within-group variability was observed; and there were no significant differences in the comparisons among groups. With respect to @entity310 secretion, the results were similar. The only striking finding was the higher basal secretion of this cytokine with respect to that of @entity1356 . Regarding the secretion of @entity650 , the same pattern followed by @entity310 was found. However, it should be stressed that the increase induced by LPS was smaller than in the two previous cytokines. Regarding the secretion of @entity687 , three findings were patent: the strong basal secretion of this cytokine; the moderate increase induced by LPS; and the existence of significant differences among the different groups with respect to the stimulated secretion of this cytokine, which reached maximum values in @entity1 with @entity2416 . Finally, it should be noted that the pattern of cytokines observed in the BAL fluid was similar to that found in cultured AM supernatants. The pattern of inflammatory cytokine secretion by AMs differs from that of other cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). In this sense. AMs secrete low amounts of @entity1356 , moderate amounts of @entity310 and @entity650 , and high quantities of @entity687 . Adherence is an important stimulus in the secretion of these molecules and LPS elicits an increased secretion inverse to the basal secretion. There is considerable individual variability in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by the AMs of @entity1 with @entity401 and the AMs of these @entity1 are primed in vivo for the secretion of these cytokines. The results of our study, carried out in vitro, can be extrapolated to the in vivo setting.

title: Evaluation of inflammatory cytokine secretion by XXXX alveolar macrophages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric @entity1 with @entity1699 rely solely on the right ventricle, resulting in anatomic maladaptations that can significantly compromise diastolic efficiency and lead to @entity712 . Clinical indices to evaluate diastole are generally derived from the adult left ventricle, limiting their relevance to @entity1 with @entity1699 . We investigated the effect of the ventricular cavity shape and tricuspid inflow typology on the filling dynamics to provide new directions of investigation for assessing diastolic function in these @entity1 . METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to generate personalized mathematic models of 4 @entity1 with different prognoses after stage I of the Norwood procedures. Two of these @entity1 were also modeled after stage II. Numeric simulations were performed to analyze the interaction between blood flow and the myocardium during diastole. RESULTS: The filling dynamics were characterized by the formation of an organized structure of swirling blood (vortex ring). This was strongly influenced by the ventricular shape and the timing of the E and A wave. Biphasic rather than fused inflows and more elliptical than spherical cavities were found to increase the intraventricular pressure gradients and the filling capacity by optimizing the energy transfer between blood flow and the myocardium. This resulted in a better flow propagation and higher tissue velocities and displacements. CONCLUSIONS: The variations in the kinetic energy associated with the blood motion reflected the base-to-apex pressure difference and can therefore be used to quantify the efficiency of filling, providing a potential new metric to assess diastolic function in these @entity1 .

title: Inflow typology and ventricular geometry determine efficiency of filling in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To obtain estimates of the effects of @entity1871 treatment for pelvic @entity158 associated with @entity46 . DATA IDENTIFICATION: Information from studies published in the English-language literature between 1966 and 1996 was pooled. Articles were identified through hand and computerized searches using MEDLINE. STUDY SELECTION: A total of 27 trials that were published in peer-reviewed journals were identified, and 13 of these were excluded from the analysis because of methodologic limitations. Nine of the remaining 14 studies were noncomparative (8 prospective and 1 retrospective), 1 was quasi-randomized, and 4 were true randomized controlled trials. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: The sample size was generally limited; the mean number of @entity1 included was 26 in the noncomparative trials and 29 in the randomized controlled trials. The mean duration of treatment was 6 months. A total of 355 @entity1 had @entity158 at entry. Considering all noncomparative studies, the pooled frequency of nonresponders at the end of treatment was 9% (18/203; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3% to 13.6%). The common odds ratio from the four randomized controlled trials comparing @entity7828 with @entity1872 or a GnRH agonist was 1.1 (95% CI, 0.4 to 3.1), suggesting equivalence in treatment effect. In the only double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the frequency of nonresponders was not significantly different in the two arms. Only four studies assessed @entity158 after drug withdrawal. The pooled frequency of pelvic @entity158 at the end of follow-up was 50% (35/70; 95% CI, 37.8% to 62.2%). The overall crude conception rate after therapy among @entity1 who desired pregnancy was 44% (86/194; 95% CI, 37.2% to 51.6%). Side effects of limited clinical relevance were observed frequently. CONCLUSION(S): The available data suggest that the efficacy of @entity7828 for temporary relief of @entity2371 is good and comparable to that of other, less safe treatments.

title: XXXX for symptomatic @entity46 : a critical analysis of the evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis-associated pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity7828 :: (MESH:D011372,Chemical) :: ['Progestins']


abstract: Current chemotherapy for @entity1 with advanced @entity14 is relatively ineffective and may be associated with significant @entity137 . @entity10186 (bryo 1) influences cell proliferation, intracellular metabolism and signaling, differentiation, and apoptosis in @entity1 @entity5 cell lines via modulation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity. This trial investigates the efficacy and @entity137 of bryo 1 as a novel therapeutic agent for @entity1 with advanced @entity14 who have had previous @entity1487 therapy. The primary end point was @entity5 response to bryo 1. @entity137 was also assessed. Twenty-eight @entity1 with advanced @entity14 were enrolled. The mean age was 59 years (range, 38-76), with 16 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 , and good minority representation (11 African-Americans). The first 10 @entity1 initially received 25 microg/m2 of bryo 1 weekly as a 24-h infusion for 3 weeks of every 4-week cycle, with dose escalation to 35 microg/m2 starting with the second cycle. The remaining @entity1 were started at 35 microg/m2 and escalated to 40 microg/m2, if @entity137 was minimal. Twenty-five @entity1 were evaluable for objective @entity5 response, and complete data on @entity137 were collected on 26 @entity1 . No partial or complete @entity5 responses were observed. All 25 @entity1 had disease progression within four cycles. @entity925 was the most common @entity137 . Myelosuppression was not seen. bryo 1 as a weekly 24-h continuous infusion lacks single-agent antitumor activity in advanced @entity14 . @entity137 differs from that of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs.

title: A phase II trial of @entity10186 in the treatment of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity10186 :: ('MESH:C046785', 'Chemical') :: ['Bryostatin 1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: A clinical assessment of @entity660 during 1975 and 1991 was made and 25 cases of systemic @entity3217 were noted. Among 25 cases there were 20 @entity409 ( @entity157 12, @entity1575 5, fulminant @entity99 2, @entity573 nodosa 1), 2 cases of @entity1086 and 3 cases of @entity788 . The fungus was consisted of 14 cases (56%) of Candida, 9 cases of @entity17555 (36%), and 2 cases of Cryptococcus (8%). @entity364 was most frequent in the lung (8 cases) and esophagus (6 cases), but rarely in the stomach, lymph node, liver, thyroid, kidney and gallbladder. Generalized @entity364 was noted in four cases (16%). Fatal @entity364 was complicated in @entity1575 (2 cases), fulminant @entity99 (one case), @entity1086 (one case) and @entity788 (one case). In five fatal cases three cases of @entity55 and two cases of Candida @entity295 were included. Glucocorticoid was used in 13 cases (52%) and anti- @entity5 drugs was administered in two cases (12%). However, in 9 cases (36%) without treatment of glucocorticoid or anti- @entity5 drug @entity364 was detected. In conclusion, there is a possibility of @entity364 in grave @entity99 and empirical administration of anti-fungal agent may be necessary.

title: [ XXXX : clinical evaluation in autopsy cases].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis']

entities_list: @entity17555 :: ('MESH:C535390', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection in hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infection', 'fungus infection', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic diseases', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['Fungal infection in hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of oral @entity11730 in combination with @entity900 and thoracic radiotherapy in @entity1 with unresectable stage III @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity11730 (50mg/m(2)) was administered orally twice daily for 14 days, with @entity900 (40 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 8 of each cycle every 3 weeks, for 2-4 cycles. @entity1514 radiation therapy was administered in 2 Gy fractions five times weekly for a total dose of 60 Gy. The primary endpoint was the response rate, and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, overall survival and safety. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 were enrolled in this study. The objective response rate was 87.8% (98% CI: 77.8-97.8%). The median progression-free survival was 467 days (15.4 months), and the median survival time was 904 days (29.7 months). The overall survival rates at 1- and 2-years were 85.7% and 52.9%, respectively. Hematological @entity137 included grade 3/4 @entity1398 (17%) and grade 3/4 @entity1431 (27%). No grade 3 @entity1398 was detected, and grade 3/4 non-hematological @entity137 were also mild. A grade 3 @entity360 was observed in one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of oral @entity11730 plus @entity900 with concurrent radiotherapy is a promising treatment with a high efficacy and lower @entity137 in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 .

title: Phase II study of oral @entity11730 and XXXX with concurrent radiotherapy for locally advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Recombinant @entity526 strains for the production of valuable products are usually generated by transformation with plasmid expression vectors. However, in spite of their usefulness, common problems associated with plasmid use include segregrational and structural instability as well as undesired copy-number effects. A viable alternative to plasmid use is chromosomal gene integration. With the purpose of facilitating the process of stable strain generation, a novel chromosomal integration vector was developed and tested. We describe the construction and use of novel expression vector pLoxGentrc that contains the strong trc promoter (P(trc)), a multiple cloning site, the T1 and T2 rrnB terminator sequences, the lacI(q) gene and the aacC1 gene conferring @entity801 resistance flanked by two loxP sites. As a demonstration of utility, melanin-producing strains of @entity526 were generated employing this vector. Melanin is a polymer synthesized by the enzyme tyrosinase using @entity9109 as substrate. The melA gene encoding a tyrosinase from @entity34389 was ligated to pLoxGentrc to generate pLoxGentrcmelA. This plasmid was transformed into @entity23208 to generate a @entity9203 -producing strain. A region from this plasmid including P(trc)melA, T1 and T2 rrnB and the aacC1 gene was amplified by PCR employing primers with 45 b regions of homology to the lacZ gene. The PCR product was electroporated into strain W3110 that expressed the   -Red enzymes. From this experiment, strain W3110P(tr)(c)melA, was obtained having the melA gene inserted in the lacZ locus. Fermentor cultures with strain W3110/pLoxGentrcmelA grown in the presence and absence of @entity801 as well as W3110P(tr)(c)melA without antibiotic revealed that the latter displays high genetic stability as well as the highest melanin titer. Vector pLoxGentrc should be useful during strain generation processes, enabling direct comparison of plasmid and chromosome-based production systems.

title: A novel plasmid vector designed for chromosomal gene integration and expression: use for developing a genetically stable XXXX melanin production strain.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity9109 :: ('CHEBI:17895', 'Chemical') :: ['l-tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity34389 :: ('29449', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium etli']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this report was to review and describe the management of @entity6003 by public sector hospitals. DESIGN: A descriptive study in which data were collected prospectively from routine hospital records on all @entity1 admitted with @entity6003 to a stratified random sample of hospitals between 14 and 28 September 1994. SETTING: Public sector hospitals in South Africa. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity6003 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of hospital stay, details of medical management, details of surgical management, determinants of the above. MAIN RESULTS: Data were collected on 803 @entity1 from the 56 participating hospitals. Of these, 767 (95.9%) were in hospital for 1 day or more, and 753 (95.3%) @entity1 underwent evacuation of the uterus. Sharp curettage was the method employed in 726 (96.9%) and general anaesthesia was used for 601 (68%) of the @entity1 requiring uterine evacuation. Antibiotics were prescribed for 396 (49.5%) and blood transfusions were administered to 125 (17%) @entity1 . Statistical analysis showed length of stay to be longer in small hospitals (under 500 beds) and when the medical condition was more severe. Antibiotic usage and blood transfusion were more common with increasing severity and a low haemoglobin level on admission. However, some inappropriate management was identified with regard to both. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that uncomplicated @entity6003 can be more effectively and safely managed using the manual vacuum aspiration technique with sedation/analgesia as an outpatient procedure. Attention should be directed at the introduction of this management routine at all types of hospital and to the ensuring of appropriate management of @entity1 with complicated abortion.

title: XXXX at South African public hospitals. @entity6003 Study Reference Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6003 :: ('MESH:D000027', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete abortions', 'incomplete abortion']

answer: @entity6003 :: (MESH:D000027,Disease) :: ['Management of incomplete abortions']


abstract: Metacyclic forms of @entity3667 and putative metacyclics of @entity14427 were found to occur in abundance in stationary phase cultures. These forms have been compared in several ways with promastigotes from mid-log phase cultures and, in the case of L. m. mexicana, amastigotes. Metacyclics are smaller, contain less protein and appear more active than other promastigotes. Both forms of promastigote respire at a high rate in the absence of exogenous substrate. The free @entity535 contents of the various forms of the two species have been analysed. They differ in detail but @entity493 was the major @entity535 in all cases. The isoenzyme content of the different forms differed significantly. That of the putative metacyclics of L. m. mexicana was in several respects more similar to amastigotes than promastigotes, suggesting that the form is pre-adapted for life in a @entity1 . Metacyclics of @entity3667 apparently did not divide in culture but transformed back over a period of 48 h to mid-log phase cells. The results provide further detail of the molecular differences between mid-log phase and metacyclic promastigotes and confirm that metacyclics are a distinct form in the life-cycle.

title: Biochemical characteristics of the metacyclic forms of XXXX and @entity14427 .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['L. major', 'Leishmania major']

entities_list: @entity14427 :: ('MESH:C536652', 'Disease') :: ['L. mexicana mexicana']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity3667 :: (5664,Species) :: ['Leishmania major']


abstract: We investigated the effect of intraarticularly applied hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) on the cartilaginous structure of experimentally induced @entity18826 in @entity235 . For the induction of @entity1844 , we used the Pond-Nuki technique, which involved severance and resection of the anterior cruciate ligament, as a @entity235 model of @entity2720 in 27 foxhounds (three groups of nine animals each). In a pilot study, we evaluated the effect of resection of the anterior cruciate ligament with no therapy. Patellar specimens were retrieved at 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Subsequently, we compared a treatment group that received intraarticular injections of hyaluronan with a placebo group that received saline solution. The groups were compared at 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Three animals from the treatment and placebo groups received five injections of hyaluronan during one of the 4-week intervals (weeks 3-6, 6-9, or 12-15). Specimens were retrieved 5 weeks after the last injection. In both groups, the uninvolved contralateral knee served as a control. The specimens were taken from the medial and lateral patellar poles. Histological analysis included light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The structural and ultrastructural changes were assessed qualitatively and were quantified with use of a modified Mankin score. Our results indicate that @entity18826 may be induced with the Pond-Nuki technique. We found a significant reduction (p < 0.01) of @entity75 in the hyaluronan group compared with the placebo group. Our results suggest that intraarticularly applied hyaluronan is effective in delaying the degenerative process of cartilage degradation. Therefore, we conclude that the use of hyaluronan may be indicated during the early stages of @entity1844 .

title: Ultrastructural findings after intraarticular application of hyaluronan in a XXXX model of @entity2720 .

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['chondromalacia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous lesions']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity18826 :: ('MESH:D046789', 'Disease') :: ['chondromalacia patellae']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine prospectively the relationship between glycemic diets, low fiber intake, and risk of @entity2175 . DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: In 1986, a total of 65173 US @entity1 40 to 65 years of age and free from diagnosed @entity65 , @entity5 , and @entity6 completed a detailed dietary questionnaire from which we calculated usual intake of total and specific sources of dietary fiber, dietary glycemic index, and glycemic load. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity2175 . RESULTS: During 6 years of follow-up, 915 incident cases of @entity6 were documented. The dietary glycemic index was positively associated with risk of @entity6 after adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, family history of @entity6 , @entity167 and cereal fiber intake, and total energy intake. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintile, the relative risk (RR) of @entity6 was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.71, P trend=.005). The glycemic load (an indicator of a global dietary insulin demand) was also positively associated with @entity6 (RR= 1.47; 95% CI, 1.16-1.86, P trend=.003). Cereal fiber intake was inversely associated with risk of @entity6 when comparing the extreme quintiles (RR=0.72, 95% CI, 0.58-0.90, P trend=.001). The combination of a high glycemic load and a low cereal fiber intake further increased the risk of @entity6 (RR=2.50, 95% CI, 1.14-5.51) when compared with a low glycemic load and high cereal fiber intake. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that diets with a high glycemic load and a low cereal fiber content increase risk of @entity6 in @entity1 . Further, they suggest that grains should be consumed in a minimally refined form to reduce the incidence of @entity6 .

title: Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of @entity2175 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus', 'Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present the outcomes after @entity79 ( @entity79 ) surgery for chronic posttraumatic forearm and distal radioulnar joint instability. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review to study @entity1 who underwent @entity79 surgery because of a traumatic etiology. We collected @entity1 demographics, surgical technique, preoperative and postoperative range of motion, final grip strength, and complications from the medical records. @entity1 were asked to complete the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire, a 0- to 10-point @entity158 scale, and a 0- to 10-point treatment satisfaction scale. RESULTS: There were 5 male and 5 female @entity1 , with a mean age of 32 years at the time of @entity79 surgery (range, 17-44 y). The mean number of procedures before @entity79 surgery was 3.6 (range, 2-7); 4 @entity1 had undergone a Darrach procedure and 3 @entity1 had undergone a Sauv  -Kapandji procedure. The median clinical follow-up duration was 6 years (range, 1-17 y). Wrist and elbow range of motion did not change remarkably before and after surgery. Of 8 primary @entity79 surgeries, 3 resulted in nonunion. Of 10 @entity1 , 4 experienced @entity158 impingement of the remaining proximal radius on adjacent bone and soft tissue and required a total of 7 procedures after @entity79 surgery. The median follow-up duration for @entity1 -rated outcomes was 10 years (range, 5-21 y; n = 7). The median Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire score was 77, the median @entity158 score was 7, and the median satisfaction score was 7. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, complications after @entity79 surgery are common. Although wrist and elbow range of motion were spared, @entity158 persisted and functional outcomes were poor. One-bone forearm surgery is our last resort for a chronically @entity158 and unstable forearm. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: Complications following XXXX surgery for posttraumatic forearm and distal radioulnar joint instability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['OBF', 'one-bone forearm']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['one-bone forearm']


abstract: We investigated if acute endurance-type exercise interacts with insulin-stimulated activation of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and insulin signalling to peptide chain elongation in @entity1 skeletal muscle. Four hours after acute one-legged exercise, insulin-induced @entity413 uptake was approximately 80% higher (N = 12, P < 0.05) in previously exercised muscle, measured during a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (100 microU ml(-1)). Insulin increased (P < 0.05) both @entity10175 and @entity21320 associated @entity4357 (PI)-3 kinase activity and led to increased (P < 0.001) phosphorylation of Akt on Ser(473) and Thr(308) in skeletal muscle. Interestingly, in response to prior exercise @entity21320 -associated PI-3 kinase activity was higher (P < 0.05) both at basal and during insulin stimulation. This coincided with correspondingly altered phosphorylation of the @entity12206 ( @entity1366 ), @entity15080 ( @entity15080 ), @entity29959 ( @entity29959 ) kinase and @entity29959 . aPKC was similarly activated by insulin in rested and exercised muscle, without detectable changes in aPKC Thr(410) phosphorylation. However, when adding @entity19065 ( @entity37787 ), the signalling product of PI-3 kinase, to basal muscle homogenates, aPKC was more potently activated (P = 0.01) in previously exercised muscle. Collectively, this study shows that endurance-type exercise interacts with insulin signalling to peptide chain elongation. Although protein turnover was not evaluated, this suggests that capacity for protein synthesis after acute endurance-type exercise may be improved. Furthermore, endurance exercise increased the responsiveness of aPKC to PIP3 providing a possible link to improved insulin-stimulated @entity413 uptake after exercise.

title: Exercise improves @entity19065 responsiveness of atypical protein kinase C and interacts with insulin signalling to peptide elongation in XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity10175 :: ('3667', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity29959 :: ('1938', 'Gene') :: ['eEF2', 'eukaryotic elongation factor 2']

entities_list: @entity12206 :: ('5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular-regulated protein kinase 1/2']

entities_list: @entity19065 :: ('MESH:C060974', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) is an effective treatment for morbid @entity28 . Recent advancement in laparoscopic surgery has made laparoscopic VBG possible. The authors compared retrospectively the outcomes of laparoscopic VBG versus open VBG in @entity1 with morbid @entity28 . From June 1998 to April 1999, 100 @entity1 (18 @entity1 , 82 @entity1 ; average age, 32.6 years) underwent laparoscopic VBG, and 40 @entity1 (7 @entity1 , 33 @entity1 ; average age, 28.8 years) underwent conventional open VBG. The two groups were similar regarding sex, age, and body mass index distribution. Mean surgical time, @entity190 estimate, duration of postoperative recovery, analgesic usage, complications, and @entity353 were compared among the two groups. Laparoscopic VBG was successful in 99 (99%) of the 100 @entity1 . Mean surgical time was longer in duration for the laparoscopic VBG group than it was for the open VBG group (173 vs. 101 minutes, P < 0.01). The laparoscopic VBG group had earlier flatus passage (1.9 vs. 2.6 days; P < 0.01), less usage of analgesics ( @entity6882 50 mg/unit; 0.9 vs. 2.3 units; P < 0.01), and a shorter postoperative hospital stay (3.7 vs. 6.0 days; P < 0.01). Estimated @entity190 , @entity532 rate, and @entity353 were similar among the two groups. Although laparoscopic VBG required a longer surgical time and was technically more demanding, it resulted in shorter recovery time, less analgesic use, and less severe physical discomfort. The authors' findings show that the two methods were approached safely equally.

title: Laparoscopic versus open vertical banded gastroplasty for the treatment of morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['surgical complication']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The deletion mutation of @entity2227 codon (GAG) in the @entity7922 gene is a major cause of @entity3520 . Recent genetic studies suggest that the @entity52308 polymorphism in the same gene may represent a risk factor for @entity3520 . However, this finding has been inconsistent. Furthermore, no data on such an association in a Chinese population have been published. METHODS: A total of 291 @entity1 with @entity3520 from the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University were included. From the same region, 294 healthy individuals were recruited as a control group. The SNP was identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: In the present study, focal @entity3519 was the most common presented form. No difference was found in the genotype frequency, minor allele frequencies, and "G" allele frequency between all @entity3519 @entity1 and controls. No difference was found either, between early- and late-onset @entity3519 @entity1 , @entity1 with and without a positive family history, @entity1 with @entity158 and without @entity158 , and @entity1 with and without sensory trick. Moreover, no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies were found among different @entity3519 subtypes. CONCLUSION: No association of the @entity52308 of @entity7922 with Chinese @entity3520 was found. More studies on such an association involving a larger number of @entity1 , especially from Asian populations, are needed to confirm the present findings.

title: Association of @entity52308 polymorphism of the XXXX gene with @entity3520 in Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['primary dystonia', 'primary generalized dystonia']

answer: @entity7922 :: (1861,Gene) :: ['DYT1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical data of @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) implantation are under investigation in Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity20204 stent Japan Post-Marketing Surveillance Registry (J-PMS) was conducted at 50 medical centers to assess the results of SES in daily clinical practice exclusively under @entity117 plus low dose @entity1396 (200 mg/day). A total of 2,459 lesions in 2,054 @entity1 were treated with 3,285 SES. The mean age was 67.1 +/-10.1 years, 75.6% were @entity1 and 43.3% were @entity6 . Intravascular ultrasound was used in 77.2%. The 8-month angiographic and 1-year clinical follow-up data were available in 85.4% and 96.8%, respectively. Quantitative coronary angiography showed the reference vessel diameter and percentage diameter stenosis at baseline were 2.47 +/-0.58 mm and 72.0 +/-16.1%. The 8-month late loss was 0.20 +/-0.50 mm. The major adverse cardiovascular events at 1 year was 7.3%; @entity204 : 1.1%, @entity583 ( @entity583 ): 1.2%, and @entity75 revascularization (TLR): 4.2%. The rates of definite and probable stent @entity715 at 1 year were 0.30% and 0.10%, respectively. Hemodialysis was the strongest predictor of @entity204 / @entity583 or TLR. CONCLUSIONS: J-PMS showed the effectiveness of SES implantation under @entity117 plus low dose @entity1396 administration at 1 year, although further studies are necessary to demonstrate the safety.

title: Assessment of @entity3446 -eluting coronary stent implantation with @entity117 plus low dose XXXX administration: one year results from @entity20204 Stent Japan Post-Marketing Surveillance Registry (J-PMS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1396 :: (MESH:D013988,Chemical) :: ['ticlopidine']


abstract: Approximately 3.6% of @entity1 with @entity191 develop symptoms before age 45. Early-onset @entity191 (EOPD) @entity1 have a higher familial recurrence risk than late-onset @entity1 , and 3 main recessive EOPD genes have been described. We aimed to establish the prevalence of mutations in these genes in a UK cohort and in previous studies. We screened 136 EOPD probands from a high-ascertainment regional and community-based prevalence study for pathogenic mutations in @entity192 (parkin), @entity193 , @entity16874 ( @entity16874 ), and exon 41 of @entity15098 . We also carried out a systematic review, calculating the proportion of cases with pathogenic mutations in previously reported studies. We identified 5 @entity1 with pathogenic @entity192 , 1 @entity1 with @entity193 , and 1 with @entity15098 mutations. The rate of mutations overall was 5.1%. Mutations were more common in @entity1 with age at onset (AAO) < 40 (9.5%), an affected first-degree relative (6.9%), an affected sibling (28.6%), or parental consanguinity (50%). In our study EOPD mutation carriers were more likely to present with @entity2003 and @entity3519 , and 6 of 7 mutation carriers had @entity6250 at onset. Our systematic review included information from >5800 unique cases. Overall, the weighted mean proportion of cases with @entity192 (parkin), @entity193 , and @entity16874 ( @entity16874 ) mutations was 8.6%, 3.7%, and 0.4%, respectively. @entity193 mutations were more common in Asian subjects. The overall frequency of mutations in known EOPD genes was lower than previously estimated. Our study shows an increased likelihood of mutations in @entity1 with lower AAO, family history, or parental consanguinity.

title: Systematic review and UK-based study of @entity192 (parkin), @entity193 , @entity16874 ( @entity16874 ) and @entity15098 in early-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb symptoms']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carotid artery stenting has recently been recommended as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy by some clinicians. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate success rate, as well as in-hospital and 30-day adverse events in our first experience in Iran for carotid artery stenting with protection devices. METHODS: From December 2003 through July 2004, we performed 12 consecutive (9 males and 3 females) carotid artery stenting procedures. The @entity1 had a mean age of 62 (range: 46 - 78) years. Indications for carotid artery stenting included @entity75 in all @entity1 , @entity850 > or =50% in symptomatic, and @entity850 > or =80% in asymptomatic @entity1 . RESULTS: Carotid artery stenting was technically successful in all 12 @entity1 . The mean +/- SD severity of @entity850 before carotid artery stenting was 85 +/- 14% as compared with 15 +/- 10% after the procedure. No periprocedural @entity204 occurred. No in-hospital or 30-day minor or major @entity64 / @entity204 was observed. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous stenting of the @entity543 , when a cerebral protection device is used, is feasible and effective but not without technical difficulties and potential complications. We, therefore, recommend carotid artery stenting for @entity1 who are at high risk for undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Nevertheless, a long-learning curve may be needed for anyone who wishes to start this technique.

title: An experience with angioplasty and stenting of XXXX with embolic protection devices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesions']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) is increasingly utilized in @entity263 (PC) @entity1 . Although black race has traditionally been associated with adverse PC characteristics, its prognostic value for @entity1 managed with @entity3457 is unclear. METHODS: A retrospective review identified 145 @entity1 managed with @entity3457 at the Duke Prostate Center from January 2005 to September 2011. Race was @entity1 -reported and categorized as black, white or other. Inclusion criteria included PSA <10 ng ml(-1), Gleason sum  <= 6, and  <= 33% of cores with @entity5 on diagnostic biopsy. The primary outcome was discontinuation of @entity3457 for treatment due to PC progression. In @entity1 who proceeded to treatment after @entity3457 , the trigger for treatment, follow-up PSA and biopsy characteristics were analyzed. Time to treatment was analyzed with univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and also stratified by race. RESULTS: In our @entity3457 cohort, 105 (72%) were white, 32 (22%) black and 8 (6%) another race. Median follow-up was 23.0 months, during which 23% percent of @entity1 proceeded to treatment. The demographic, clinical and follow-up characteristics did not differ by race. There was a trend toward more uninsured black @entity1 (15.6% black, 3.8% white, 0% other, P = 0.06). Black race was associated with treatment (hazard ratio (HR) 2.93, P = 0.01) as compared with white. When the analysis was adjusted for socioeconomic and clinical parameters at the time of PC diagnosis, black race remained the sole predictor of treatment (HR 3.08, P = 0.01). Among @entity1 undergoing treatment, the trigger was less often @entity1 driven in black @entity1 (8 black, 33 white, 67% other, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Black race was associated with discontinuation of @entity3457 for treatment. This relationship persisted when adjusted for socioeconomic and clinical parameters.

title: Race is associated with discontinuation of active surveillance of XXXX : results from the Duke Prostate Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['low-risk prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'Active surveillance']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['low-risk prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine in @entity1 attending general practice 1) the extent of comorbidity of @entity146 and @entity167 or other substance misuse, and consequent disability; and 2) GPs' diagnosis and management of @entity1 with comorbidity. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional national audit of general practices throughout Australia in 1998-1999. @entity1 : 46 515 ambulatory care @entity1 attending 386 GPs. SCREENING TOOLS: Prevalence of common @entity146 --12 items from the 34-item SPHERE self-report questionnaire and associated classification system; prevalence of @entity167 or other substance misuse--two self-report screening questions, defining "probable" misuse (a positive response to both questions) and "possible" misuse (a positive response to one of the questions); disability--four items from the Brief Disability Questionnaire, and self-reported "days out of role" and "days in bed" in the past month; and rates of psychological diagnosis, treatment and referral by GPs, and GPs' rating of @entity1 ' psychological risk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity146 and @entity167 or other substance misuse; disability; and correlation with GPs' diagnosis and management. RESULTS: The screening questions revealed possible @entity167 or other substance misuse in 11% of @entity1 (5171/46515), and probable misuse in an additional 8% of @entity1 (3593/46515). @entity146 and substance misuse occurred in 12% (5672/46515) of @entity1 . @entity1 with comorbidity (compared with those with @entity167 or other substance misuse alone) were: more disabled--mean "days out of role in the last month", 8.4 (95% CI, 7.7-9.1) v 3.6 (95% CI, 2.9-4.3); at greater psychological risk (as rated by GPs)--22% v 7%, respectively; more frequently given psychological diagnoses by GPs--51% v 21%; more frequently treated for a @entity558 by GPs--47% v 17%; and more frequently referred to mental health specialists by GPs--9% v 2%. CONCLUSION: @entity146 and @entity167 or other substance misuse is common in @entity1 attending general practice, and results in considerable disability. Such @entity1 receive inadequate attention (diagnosis and management) from GPs. GPs identifying one of these two types of @entity74 in a @entity1 should ascertain whether the other type is also present.

title: Comorbidity of common @entity146 and XXXX or other substance misuse in Australian general practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['psychological condition']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'Comorbidity of mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['behaviour disorder']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: This article elucidates the clinical picture in @entity5793 (MIM 216550), an @entity74 that is overrepresented in Finland. The diagnosis is based on the typical clinical picture: nonprogressive @entity1155 , motor clumsiness and @entity4242 , typical @entity154 , childhood @entity2421 and @entity3579 of the joints, ophthalmologic findings of @entity3986 and @entity1714 in @entity1 over 5 years of age, and @entity3028 . In a nationwide study, 29 Finnish @entity1 were investigated. Magnetic resonance images of the brain with quantitative structure analyses revealed a relatively enlarged corpus callosum (CC). The youngest @entity1 had normal EEGs, while all others had low-voltage EEGs. Of the @entity1 , 22% had profound, 61% severe, 6% moderate, and 11% mild retardation. In an adaptive behavior scale (AAMD), @entity1 had high scores in the positive domains (self-direction, responsibility, and socialization), whereas @entity146 was almost lacking. Only the youngest @entity1 had unimpaired visual function. Vision started to deteriorate early but slowly. Progressive @entity1714 and @entity3986 were found in all of the @entity1 over 5 years of age. All of the @entity1 had @entity3028 . The heart anatomy was normal. However, decreased left ventricular function with advancing age was found. No significant @entity4903 were discovered. Fingers were slender but short, with a typical metacarpophalangeal pattern profile. The manifestations vary at different ages. The Finnish Cohen @entity1 are clinically highly homogeneous, their disease gene being located on chromosome 8. Heterogeneity probably exists among other @entity1 claimed to have @entity5793 .

title: XXXX : essential features, natural history, and heterogeneity.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial features']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['maladaptive behavior']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['retinochoroidal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity5793 :: ('MESH:C536438', 'Disease') :: ['Cohen syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3579 :: ('MESH:C536192', 'Disease') :: ['hyperextensibility']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['isolated granulocytopenia', 'granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine abnormalities']

answer: @entity5793 :: (MESH:C536438,Disease) :: ['Cohen syndrome']