abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the disease spectrum and salient management features of 36 @entity1 with histopathologically-confirmed @entity13296 seen at our academic center over a 16-year period. METHODS: Retrospective review of @entity1 admitted to the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan from January 1991 to December 2006 with histopathologically-confirmed zygomycosis of the head and neck. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 40 +/- 5.0 years (range, 34-63 years), and 23 (64%) @entity1 were male. Thirty-two (89%) @entity1 were referred from clinical services other than otolaryngology. Underlying predisposing conditions included @entity6 (21 @entity1 ), @entity66 (9), and @entity177 (6). Twenty (55%) @entity1 had limited sinonasal disease, ten (28%) had orbital involvement, and six (17%) had intracranial extension. All @entity1 underwent rigid nasal endoscopy and biopsy, and black @entity39 tissue was seen in 22 (61%) instances warranting endoscopic or open surgical debridement. Four of 6 @entity1 undergoing open surgery required orbital exenteration. Overall @entity1 survival was 56% (20/36 @entity1 ). @entity6 @entity1 had improved survival (17/21, or 81%) compared to @entity1 with @entity74 (3/9, or 33%) (p = 0.001). All six @entity1 with intracerebral disease died. Eighteen of the 22 (82%) @entity1 treated with surgery plus @entity2379 survived vs. two of 14 (14%) receiving @entity2379 alone (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity13296 , an @entity146 , multidisciplinary, diagnostic and therapeutic approach that utilizes CT or MRI staging, and combines endoscopic or open surgical debridement with @entity2379 -based antifungal therapy offers the best chance of recovery.

title: XXXX in Pakistan: clinical spectrum, management, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['haematologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity13296 :: ('MESH:D020096', 'Disease') :: ['rhinocerebral zygomycosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haematologic disorders']

answer: @entity13296 :: (MESH:D020096,Disease) :: ['Rhinocerebral zygomycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical variability in the @entity191 phenotype suggests the existence of disease subtypes. We investigated whether distinct anatomical patterns of @entity194 can be identified in @entity191 using a hypothesis-free, data-driven approach based on cortical thickness data. METHODS: T1-weighted 3-tesla MRI and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment were performed in a sample of 88 nondemented @entity191 patients and 31 healthy controls. We performed a hierarchical cluster analysis of imaging data using Ward's linkage method. A general linear model with cortical thickness data was used to compare clustering groups. RESULTS: We observed 3 patterns of cortical thinning in patients when compared with healthy controls. Pattern 1 (n   =   30, 34.09%) consisted of @entity194 in bilateral precentral gyrus, inferior and superior parietal lobules, cuneus, posterior cingulate, and parahippocampal gyrus. These patients showed worse cognitive performance when compared with controls and the other 2 patterns. Pattern 2 (n   =   29, 32.95%) consisted of @entity194 involving occipital and frontal as well as superior parietal areas and included patients with younger age at onset. Finally, in pattern 3 (n   =   29, 32.95%), there was no detectable cortical thinning. Patients in the 3 patterns did not differ in disease duration, motor severity, dopaminergic medication doses, or presence of mild @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: Three @entity194 subtypes were identified in nondemented @entity191 patients: (1) parieto-temporal pattern of @entity194 with worse cognitive performance, (2) @entity194 and younger disease onset, and (3) patients without detectable @entity194 . These findings may help identify prognosis markers in @entity191 .    2016 The Authors. @entity717 published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and @entity717 Society.

title: Patterns of cortical thinning in nondemented XXXX patients.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorder', 'Movement Disorders']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['occipital and frontal cortical atrophy', 'cortical atrophy', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In @entity1 with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ), computer tomography (CT) scanning and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MR) are usually applied to visualise trophic changes of the brain, resulting from considerable @entity3147 or general cachexia of the organism. The goal of the study was an evaluation attempt of the degree of trophic changes in the central nervous system (CNS) of @entity1 with @entity1278 , following CT scanning of the brain, together with an analysis of selected clinical and diagnostic parameters, related to the trophic changes in question. @entity1 _ METHODS: The study involved fifty-five (55) female @entity1 with @entity1278 . Following CT of the brain - scanning of the cortical sulci - four (4) groups of the @entity1 were identified. The following classification of lesions was applied: Group I - width of cortical sulci < 1.5 mm - standard; Group II - the presence of cortical sulci of width < 1.5 mm and 1.5-3 mm; Group III - width of cortical sulci 1.5-3 mm; Group IV - the presence of cortical sulci of width at 1.5-3 mm and > 3 mm. We did not observe any @entity1 with @entity1278 in whom the width of all the cortical sulci was bigger than 3 mm (Group V). In all the groups, clinical parameters, as well as routine laboratory tests and selected hormonal tests, were analysed. RESULTS: In the performed CT scanning of the head in @entity1 with @entity1278 , trophic changes in the CNS (as evaluated by the width of cortical sulci) were revealed in 67.3% of the @entity1 . Among the studied groups, statistically significant differences were found for: body weight loss (BWL), the percent of BWL (BWL%), the BWL to disease duration ratio (BWL/time) and BWL%/time, serum concentrations of @entity972 , @entity460 , @entity413 , total protein and @entity1133 , as well as serum concentrations of LH, E2, @entity701 , FT3 and FT4. The most pronounced disturbances were observed in Group IV, while the least ones - in Group I. CONCLUSIONS: In CT scanning of the head, trophic changes in the CNS were observed in @entity1 with @entity1278 , measured by the width of cortical sulci. The higher severity of trophic changes in the CNS was associated with higher BWL/time ratio, higher hypercortisolemia, more enhanced @entity6126 , disorders in the peripheral metabolism of the thyroid hormones and with the obtained values of routine laboratory tests, indicating some tendency towards @entity3485 .

title: Relation of trophic changes in the central nervous system, measured by the width of cordical sulci, to the clinical course of XXXX (II).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['anorexia nervosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is an established low-mortality treatment option for elderly and @entity3124 @entity1 with acute @entity2679 . The primary aim of this review is to find out if there is any evidence in the literature to recommend PC rather than cholecystectomy for acute @entity2679 in the elderly population. METHODS: In April 2007, a systematic electronic database search was performed on the subject of PC and cholecystectomy in the elderly population. After exclusions, 53 studies remained, comprising 1918 @entity1 . Three papers described randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but none compared the outcomes of PC and cholecystectomy. A total of 19 papers on mortality after cholecystectomy in @entity1 aged >65 years were identified. RESULTS: Successful intervention was seen in 85.6% of @entity1 with acute @entity2679 . A total of 40% of @entity1 treated with PC were later cholecystectomized, with a mortality rate of 1.96%. Procedure mortality was 0.36%, but 30-day mortality rates were 15.4 % in @entity1 treated with PC and 4.5% in those treated with acute cholecystectomy (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There are no controlled studies evaluating the outcome of PC vs. cholecystectomy and the papers reviewed are of evidence grade C. It is not possible to make definitive recommendations regarding treatment by PC or cholecystectomy in elderly or @entity3124 @entity1 with acute @entity2679 . Low mortality rates after cholecystectomy in elderly @entity1 with acute @entity2679 have been reported in recent years and therefore we believe it is time to launch an RCT to address this issue.

title: Systematic review of cholecystostomy as a treatment option in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report three cases of a peculiar @entity1910 with mixed clinical features of both @entity3594 . Their characteristics have been compared to those of very rare but similar cases found in the medical literature. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two young adults (one male, one female) and a 7-year-old @entity1 consulted for hyperchromic asymptomatic plaques located respectively on the right scapula, the left upper arm and the right frontotemporal area of the face. None had any noticeable familial medical history. None were overweight or had a personal history of @entity4903 . The plaques had appeared soon after puberty in the adults and at the age of 4 years in the @entity1 and they had remained stable for years. They were polycyclic in shape, sharply demarcated, and with a linear distribution. Their surface was slightly papular, with a velvety appearance and texture. No other skin or mucous membrane lesions were observed elsewhere. The physical examination was otherwise normal. Skin biopsy specimens showed mild @entity3594 with @entity1185 , hyperorthokeratosis with @entity1062 and slight thinning of the roof of the @entity1829 . DISCUSSION: The striking clinical features of this @entity1910 rule out confusion with any other @entity9397 (because of age of onset, shape and texture) or with @entity3594 nigricans (because of its topography and the lack of associated @entity4903 ). A dozen similar case reports can be found in the medical literature, mostly under the term "nevoid @entity3594 nigricans". Such a @entity1910 may be linked to postzygotic mosaicism with the same mutations of the @entity2557 gene. However, since the physiopathology of this @entity1910 remains hypothetical, we propose to name it " @entity9397 ", for " @entity9397 ", which is simply a descriptive acronym and nothing more.

title: [Nevoid @entity3594 nigricans or XXXX ( @entity9397 ): three cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity3594 :: ('MESH:D000052', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal nevus and acanthosis nigricans', 'acanthosis']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['dermal papilla']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['elongated rete ridges']

entities_list: @entity9397 :: ('MESH:C580062', 'Disease') :: ['rounded and velvety epidermal nevus', 'RAVEN', 'epidermal nevus']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes or endocrine dysfunction', 'neoplastic or endocrine disease']

answer: @entity9397 :: (MESH:C580062,Disease) :: ['RAVEN']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been reports that by compensating for ocular aberrations using adaptive optical systems it may be possible to improve the resolution of clinical retinal imaging systems beyond what is now possible. To develop such a system to observe eyes with @entity989 , understanding of ocular wavefront aberrations in individuals with @entity989 is required. METHODS: Eighty-two eyes of 66 @entity1 with @entity1020 (epiretinal membrane, macular @entity4 , macular hole, etc.) and 85 eyes of 51 @entity1 without @entity989 were studied. Using a ray-tracing wavefront device, each eye was scanned at both small and large pupil apertures, and Zernike coefficients up to the sixth order were acquired. RESULTS: In phakic eyes, third-order root mean square errors in the @entity1020 group were statistically greater than in the control group, an average of 12% for 5-mm and 31% for 3-mm scan diameters (P < 0.021). In @entity735 , there was also an elevation of third-order root mean square, on average 57% for 5-mm and 51% for 3-mm scan diameters (P < 0.031). CONCLUSION: Higher-order wavefront aberrations in eyes with @entity1020 were greater than in control eyes without disease. This study suggests that such aberrations may result from irregular or multiple reflecting retinal surfaces. Modifications in wavefront sensor technology will be needed to accurately determine wavefront aberration and allow correction using adaptive optics in eyes with macular irregularities.

title: Ocular wavefront aberrations in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakic eyes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disease']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular disease']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 is an extremely aggressive @entity5 . Subjects are afflicted with a variety of disconcerting symptoms, including profound @entity3085 . Recent data indicate that the outcome of oncological @entity1 suffering from @entity5 could be improved by @entity3147 and that @entity3147 results in an improvement of quality of life and in prolonged survival. Currently, there is no recommendation of routine use of @entity3147 . Furthermore, there is no clear recommendation for 2nd line therapy (or higher) for @entity788 but often asked for. METHODS/DESIGN: PANUSCO is an open label, controlled, prospective, randomized, multicentre phase IIIb trial with two parallel arms. All @entity1 will be treated with @entity1487 , @entity4181 and @entity901 on an outpatient basis at the study sites. Additionally, all @entity1 will receive best supportive nutritional care (BSNC). In the experimental group BSNC will be expanded with @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ). In contrast, @entity1 in the control group obtain solely BSNC. Parenteral nutrition will be applied overnight and at home by experienced medical staff. A total of 120 @entity1 are planned to be enrolled. Primary endpoint is the comparison of the treatment groups with respect to event-free survival (EFS), defined as the time from randomization till time to development of an event defined as either an impairment (change from baseline of at least ten points in EORTC QLQ-C30, functional domain total score) or withdrawal due to fulfilling the special defined stopping criteria for chemotherapy as well as for nutritional intervention (NI) or death from any cause (whichever occurs first). DISCUSSION: The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether @entity3147 in combination with defined 2nd line or higher chemotherapy has an impact on quality of life for @entity1 suffering from @entity788 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN60516908.

title: An open label randomized multicentre phase IIIb trial comparing parenteral substitution versus best supportive nutritional care in subjects with XXXX receiving @entity1487 plus @entity901 as 2nd or higher line chemotherapy regarding clinical benefit - PANUSCO.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer cachexia', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: 1. Electrical and pharmacological properties of the low-voltage-activated @entity141 current (ICa, LVA) in @entity35 aorta smooth muscle cells (SMC) in primary culture were examined, particularly in comparison with the high-voltage-activated @entity141 current (ICa, @entity3829 ). Both types of @entity141 currents were recorded in external solution containing 20 mM- @entity141 , using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. 2. ICa, LVA was evoked by step depolarizations to potentials more positive than -60 mV from a holding potential of -100 mV, and reached a peak in the current-voltage (I-V) relationship around -30 mV. ICa, @entity3829 was activated at -20 mV, and reached a peak at +20 mV. 3. The intracellular dialysis of 5 mM-F- irreversibly suppressed ICa, @entity3829 , with time, while it has little effect on the ICa, LVA. The ICa, LVA could be separated from the ICa, @entity3829 by either selecting the holding and test potential levels or by perfusing intracellularly with F-. 4. The ratio of peak amplitude of @entity8594 , @entity15410 and @entity141 currents in the respective I-V relationship was 1.6:1.2:1.0 for high-voltage-activated @entity141 channels and was 1.0:1.4:1.0 for low-voltage-activated ones. 5. The inactivation phase of ICa, @entity3829 was fitted by a sum of double-exponential functions, the time constants of which were larger when the current was carried by @entity8594 than by @entity141 . The inactivation time course of ICa, LVA was fitted by a single-exponential function, and the time constant was practically the same when the current was carried by @entity8594 or by @entity141 . Activation and inactivation processes of ICa, LVA were potential-dependent. 6. The steady-state inactivation curve of ICa, LVA was fitted by the Boltzmann equation, having a mid-potential of -80 mV and a slope factor of 5.0. The recovery time course from steady-state inactivation was fitted by a sum of two exponential functions. The time constants of the faster phase were 230 and 380 ms, and those of slower phase were 2.8 and 1.8 s at the repolarization potentials of -120 and -100 mV, respectively. 7. The amplitude of ICa, LVA depended on the external @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]o), approaching saturation at 95 mM [ @entity141 ]o. 8. Various polyvalent cations blocked both types of @entity141 current reversibly in the order (IC50 in M): @entity11329 (8 x 10(-8)) greater than @entity3280 (6 x 10(-6)) greater than @entity3411 (1 x 10(-5)) greater than @entity8862 (2 x 10(-5)) for ICa, @entity3829 , and @entity11329 (6 x 10(-7)) greater than @entity8862 (3 x 10(-5)) greater than @entity3280 (4 x 10(-4)) greater than @entity3411 (6 x 10(-4)) for ICa, LVA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Low-voltage-activated calcium current in XXXX aorta smooth muscle cells in primary culture.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ultrasonography has been used to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) of peripheral nerves, but the CSA of the brachial plexus has not previously been reported. The purpose of this study was to establish a reference range of values for the CSA of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the subclavian artery in healthy subjects using ultrasonography. METHODS: Thirty-two asymptomatic subjects (19 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 ) from a chiropractic college with an average age of 29.5 +/- 9.6 participated in the study. The brachial @entity3526 CSA were measured at 3 locations: interscalene, first rib, and infraclavicular. The PSV of the subclavian artery was measured in both supraclavicular and infraclavicular locations. Each subject was imaged bilaterally. Means and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Interexaminer reliability was evaluated between 2 examiners on 15 randomly selected subjects. RESULTS: The average CSA for the brachial plexus at the interscalene space, first rib, and infraclavicular location was 0.75 +/- 0.05, 0.96 +/- 0.07, and 0.98 +/- 0.07 cm(2), respectively. The average CSA for the subclavian artery at the same locations was 0.35 +/- 0.03, 0.38 +/- 0.03, 0.35 +/- 0.03 cm(2), respectively. The average subclavian artery PSV in supraclavicular and infraclavicular locations was 98 +/- 8 and 93 +/- 7 cm/s, respectively. The overall interexaminer reliability was poor at 0.39 (0.20-0.55). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to obtain normative CSA measurements of the brachial @entity3526 in multiple locations of the thoracic outlet as well as interexaminer reliability data. These data may be beneficial in future studies designed to assess the brachial @entity3526 in @entity1 with @entity531 .

title: Normative cross-sectional area of the brachial XXXX using ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['plexus and subclavian artery']

answer: @entity3526 :: (MESH:D013349,Disease) :: ['plexus and subclavian artery']


abstract: AIM: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is the 5th most common @entity1 malignancy with an increasing incidence in western countries and still unsatisfactory median survival rates of 5 - 7 months. Currently, new treatments with biologicals (so-called "targed therapies") such as VEGF and EGF antibodies or @entity669 kinase inhibitors (e. g., @entity2857 ) are being tested in @entity1 with @entity157 . Here we report a long-term treatment of an advanced, multifocal @entity157 with the @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity3866 (Tarceva). @entity1 AND METHODS: A 64-year-old @entity1 with newly diagnosed and histologically proven advanced @entity157 and @entity1575 ( @entity1 -Pugh B) was treated for 18 months (12 / 05 - 06 / 07) with @entity3866 . In addition paracentesis was performed every 6 weeks to provide relief from ascites. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of treatment with 100 mg @entity3866 QD the @entity1 developed a 3 degrees-4 degrees skin @entity137 ( @entity548 ). Other major side effects did not occur. @entity3866 medication was stopped for 2 weeks and re-started at a reduced dose of 75 mg QD. @entity5 lesions (No. 1: caudate lobe/No. 2: segment III), liver enzymes and synthesis parameters (albumin, prothrombin time/INR) and frequency of paracentesis remained stable during the 18 months of observation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3866 (Tarceva) appears to be an interesting treatment option for @entity1 with advanced @entity157 . More clinical data and studies are needed to confirm this result.

title: Long-term treatment of advanced @entity157 with the XXXX kinase inhibitor @entity3866 (Tarceva)--a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'man', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic rush']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Marker tumour']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hydropic liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Although several brief sensitive screening tools are available to detect @entity73 , few have been developed to quickly assess executive functioning (EF) per se. We designed a new brief tool to evaluate EF in @entity179 . @entity1 with an established diagnosis of @entity146 ( @entity146 ; n = 22), @entity195 ( @entity195 ; n = 25), and controls (n = 26) were assessed with a cognitive screening test, the INECO Frontal Screening (IFS), and EF tests. Clinical @entity303 Rating Scale (CDR) scores were obtained for all @entity1 . Internal consistency of the IFS was very good (Cronbach's alpha = .80). IFS total (out of 30 points) was 27.4 (SD = 1.6) for controls, 15.6 (SD = 4.2) for @entity146 , and 20.1 (SD = 4.7) for @entity195 . Using a cutoff of 25 points, sensitivity of the IFS was 96.2%, and specificity 91.5% in differentiating controls from @entity1 with @entity303 . The IFS correlated significantly with the CDR and executive tasks. The IFS total discriminated controls from demented @entity1 , and @entity146 from @entity195 . IFS is a brief, sensitive, and specific tool for the detection of @entity409 associated with @entity179 . The IFS may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of @entity4943 and @entity195 .

title: INECO Frontal Screening (IFS): a brief, sensitive, and specific tool to assess executive functions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['bvFTD', 'behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of parasitic and bacterial @entity344 (excluding enterotoxigenic @entity526 ) among international travellers attending the International Travel Clinic at The University of Calgary. METHODS: Data were abstracted from the records of the first visit after travel of all @entity1 making a post travel visit between January 1, 1986 and March 31, 1990. RESULTS: Data were available for 886 first visits (840 @entity1 ). Stools were submitted by 692 travellers. The frequency of stool submission varied by the duration of travel abroad, and the frequency of @entity294 either during or after the trip was greater among those who had submitted a stool specimen. The prevalence of stools positive for ova, parasites or pathogenic bacteria was 41.2%. When only pathogenic organisms were considered, the prevalence of infection was 19.4%. The most commonly isolated pathogenic parasites were @entity2525 , @entity461 , and @entity2330 . The most commonly isolated bacteria were Campylobacter species and Salmonella species. CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of positive stool screens among returned travellers in this population was high, only about one-fifth of @entity1 tested were positive for pathogens.

title: Prevalence of XXXX among international travellers returning to Canada.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal infection']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['Dientamoeba fragilis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To study the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity356 , seven @entity5 centres in Japan carried out a phase III clinical trial of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative gastrectomy for macroscopically serosa-negative @entity356 . METHODS: 579 @entity1 were enrolled in the study, stratified by disease stage (T1, n=188; T2, n=323), and allocated randomly adjuvant chemotherapy or no further treatment. 285 of 288 cases in the treatment group and 288 of 291 in the control group were eligible. Six cases were excluded because they did not fulfill the entry criteria. The treatment group had intravenous @entity1138 (1.4 mg/m2) and @entity1487 (166.7 mg/m2) twice weekly for 3 weeks after surgery, and oral UFT ( @entity5537 plus tegafur, 300 mg daily) for 18 months. Analyses were by intention to treat. FINDINGS: No serious toxic effects were observed in the treatment group. At median follow-up of 72 months, 59 @entity1 in the control group and 47 in the treatment group had died. There was no significant difference in survival between the groups (5-year survival 82.9% control vs 85.8% treated; hazard ratio 0.738 [95% CI 0.498-1.093]). 5-year survival of @entity1 with T1 (mucosal or submucosal) @entity5 in the control and treatment groups was 94.9% versus 92.0%, and that of @entity1 with @entity5 was 76.9% versus 83.0%. However, a test for heterogeneity and interaction over T1 and T2 subgroups revealed no significant difference in terms of drug response. INTERPRETATION: There was no survival benefit with this adjuvant therapy regimen for @entity1 with macroscopically serosa-negative @entity356 (T1 and T2) after curative gastrectomy. @entity1 with T1 @entity5 can be excluded from future trials, because curative surgery alone yielded a very good survival rate and there seemed no need for adjuvant therapy.

title: Adjuvant @entity1138 and XXXX followed by oral @entity5537 plus tegafur in serosa-negative @entity356 : a randomised trial. @entity356 Surgical Study Group.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'T2 (muscularis propria or subserosa) cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: The severity of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is determined by many variables, the complexity of which has made prediction of functional outcome an elusive target. To evaluate whether the three components of the Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) and their alterations over time can serve as predictors of functional outcome after a severe @entity131 at 12 months after the @entity131 insult, we carried out a prospective study of @entity1 with severe @entity131 . Seventy @entity1 were initially enrolled. Data were retrieved from the emergency department records and the @entity1 ' intensive care unit, neurosurgical, and rehabilitation unit records. All @entity1 underwent follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months after injury. GCS components were evaluated on the day of injury and 2 weeks after injury. Functional outcome was estimated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the Functional Independence Measure motor scale. It was evaluated during rehabilitation and at 12 months after injury. Fifty-one @entity1 were alive and followed up until 12 months. Logistic regression and receiver-operator characteristic curve analyses were carried out. In terms of functional outcome at 12 months, only GCS on day 15 was found to be a prognostic factor, with all its subscales being related to outcome 12 months later, whereas a higher GCS score on day 15 was also related to survival. A higher motor and verbal response on day 15 was strongly associated with a @entity1 's functional independence, whereby the motor response was a better predictor. The GCS motor score 2 weeks after injury was statistically significantly associated with the 12-month functional outcome in @entity131 survivors. Motor response was the most useful predictor among the GCS components with respect to the long-term functional outcome in @entity1 with severe @entity131 .

title: Prognostic value of time-related Glasgow XXXX scale components in severe @entity131 : a prospective evaluation with respect to 1-year survival and functional outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['coma']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Psychopathology and @entity1314 are often observed during the active phase of @entity699 ( @entity699 ). We hypothesized that @entity1 with long-term cure of @entity699 show persistent psychopathology and @entity1314 . DESIGN: Four questionnaires on frequently occurring psychopathology in somatic illnesses were used, including the Apathy Scale, Irritability Scale, Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, and Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire short-form. Personality was assessed using the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology short-form (DAPPs). @entity1 AND CONTROL SUBJECTS: We included 51 @entity1 cured of @entity699 (16% @entity1 , 53    13 yr) and 51 matched controls. In addition, we included 55 @entity1 treated for nonfunctioning @entity4611 (55% @entity1 , 62    10 yr), and 55 matched controls. RESULTS: Mean duration of remission was 11 yr (range 1-32 yr). Compared with matched controls, @entity1 cured from @entity699 scored significantly worse on virtually all questionnaires. Compared with nonfunctioning @entity4611 @entity1 , @entity1 treated for @entity699 scored worse on apathy (P < 0.001), @entity146 (P < 0.001), @entity148 (P < 0.001), negative affect and lack of positive affect (P < 0.001 on both scales), somatic arousal (P < 0.001), and 11 of 18 subscales of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology short-form (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with long-term cured @entity699 show an increased prevalence of psychopathology and @entity1314 . These observations suggest irreversible effects of previous glucocorticoid excess on the central nervous system rather than an effect of @entity977 and/or their treatment in general. This may also be of relevance for @entity1 treated with high doses of exogenous glucocorticoids.

title: Increased prevalence of psychopathology and @entity1314 after long-term cure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenoma', 'pituitary macroadenomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['maladaptive personality traits']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: national policy recommends routine re-assessment of disabled @entity1 and their carers at 6 months after @entity64 onset. The clinical and resource outcomes of this policy were investigated. DESIGN: prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial in two centres. @entity1 : a total of 265 @entity1 with a disabling @entity64 and their carers. INTERVENTIONS: a structured re-assessment system for @entity1 and their carers at 6 months post- @entity64 or existing care. OUTCOME MEASURES: primary: @entity1 independence (Frenchay activities index) and carer stress (general health questionnaire 28). Secondary: activities of daily living, mood state, satisfaction with services, carer strain index, health and social service resource use and costs. RESULTS: independence at 12 months post- @entity64 was similar in both groups (Frenchay activities index, adjusted mean difference 0.64; 95% confidence interval -0.74-2.02). @entity147 in carers was similar in both groups (general health questionnaire 28, mean difference 0.02; 95% confidence interval -0.95-1.00). Results for the secondary outcome measures and total mean costs were similar for both groups. The intervention group @entity1 used 301 fewer hospital bed days and 1,631 fewer care home bed days. CONCLUSIONS: the structured, systematic re-assessment for @entity1 and their carers was not associated with any clinically significant evidence of benefit at 12 months. Health and social care resource use and mean cost per @entity1 were broadly similar in both groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Register; number: ISRCTN55412871.

title: Structured re-assessment system at 6 months after a disabling XXXX : a randomised controlled trial with resource use and cost study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Emotional distress']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity1091 salts are pharmacologically classified as mood stabilizers and are medications of first choice for the treatment of @entity162 episodes and the prevention of relapse in @entity162 in @entity1 and adolescents. Moreover, these drugs can be used to treat episodic impulsive @entity146 . With regard to their use in the treatment of @entity1 and adolescents, however, there are limitations to several preparations on the market in Germany. The evidence level for the treatment of acute @entity162 in adolescents is II, while it is only III-IV for treatment of the same disorder in @entity1 . There is only anecdotal evidence of relapse prevention in @entity162 in childhood (level of evidence: V), whereas the level of evidence for adolescence is higher (IV). With respect to episodic impulsive @entity146 , there is a good evidence base (II) for treatment of the disorder in both @entity1 and adolescents. An evidence level of II indicates that at least one well designed, randomized, controlled study has been carried out; an evidence level of III is based upon non-randomized studies, an evidence level of IV upon non-experimental studies, and an evidence level of V indicates that evidence is limited to reports or opinions stated by expert circles and consensus conferences, and to clinical experience. Due to the narrow therapeutic window, the dosage should be based on serum concentrations of @entity1091 between 0.6 and 1.2 mmol/l and should be adapted according to the clinical picture. Usually, @entity1091 preparations are administered twice a day: in the morning and in the evening. Side effects have to be monitored very carefully. Serum concentrations higher than 1.5 mmol/l are dangerous. All potential side effects, with the exception of very infrequently occurring @entity8 , are reversible by means of dose reduction or, if necessary, by discontinuation of medication with @entity1091 .

title: [Therapy with @entity1091 salts in XXXX and adolescent psychiatry--clinical efficacy and practical recommendations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'mania', 'bipolar disorders']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the detection rate and accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in @entity1 with @entity154 . METHODS: A total of 100 @entity1 with @entity3140 reduction or duplication anomalies were enrolled prospectively in this investigation at the initial visit to our congenital hand clinic. Demographic and pregnancy-related data were collected along with prenatal diagnoses. We recorded all ultrasound-identified @entity3140 as reported by the parents. Finally, we compared the prenatal diagnosis with the final congenital hand clinic diagnosis. RESULTS: The first ultrasound was performed at a mean 11 weeks' gestation, and @entity1 underwent an average of 8 prenatal ultrasounds (range, 1-40 prenatal ultrasounds). Sixty @entity1 underwent standard ultrasound and 40 had a 3-dimensional ultrasound as well. Of the 100 @entity1 , 31 had an @entity3140 by ultrasound. Of the 31 prenatal ultrasound diagnoses, 18 were confirmed as accurate during evaluation in the congenital hand clinic. Three-dimensional ultrasound was more sensitive for the detection of @entity3140 . CONCLUSIONS: The overall detection rate and accuracy of ultrasonography for @entity3140 were low despite advancements in imaging technology. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic II.

title: The utility of prenatal ultrasound as a screening  tool for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital upper extremity anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['congenital upper extremity', 'upper extremity anomalies', 'upper extremity anomaly']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['upper extremity congenital  anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of metabolism of fatty substance and osteoclast activity during the process of @entity134 -induced @entity39 of @entity2738 through @entity19 model inducing and model index measurement. METHODS: Forty SD male @entity19 were divided into 2 groups randomly, the control group and the experiment group. After the gluteal injection of colibacillus endotoxin,the experiment group was given gluteal injection of @entity12356 35.5 mg/kg per week, and 2 ml of normal saline to the control group. The @entity19 were killed 12 weeks later and tested the content of Trap-5b, TC and TG of the blood serum. Vitodynamics, bone density were measured and sections of HE staining, @entity141 and @entity9334 staining was made then statistic analysis was performanced. RESULTS: The content of TC, TG and Trap-5b increased apparently (P < 0.01). Large amount of osteoclasts were found in local medullary cavity. There was severe @entity604 and decrease of vitodynamics in subchondral bone (P < 0.01) in experiment group. CONCLUSION: @entity209 of fatty substance is the key pathogenesis of @entity134 -induced @entity2530 of @entity2738 . Decrease of vitodynamics in subchondral bone due to @entity2915 and increase of osteoclast lead to collapse of @entity2738 directly.

title: [Research on the role of metabolism of fatty substance and osteoclast activity during the development of @entity134 -induced @entity39 of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity12356 :: ('MESH:C009935', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['femoral head']


abstract: Acute @entity2348 is a common problem that is most often secondary to @entity281 . Most cases present as localised abscesses but some may be associated with serious morbidity including scarring, embarrassment of the airway, @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ), and @entity1850 . Fourteen oral surgery or maxillofacial surgery units in Scotland took part in a clinical audit of @entity697 during two four-week cycles (August and November) in 2010. Information regarding the @entity1 , signs and symptoms, and management was recorded. Training material was distributed between cycles with information on @entity1850 , @entity295 , and the prescription of antibiotics. Overall, 140 @entity1 presented with @entity697 . There was an equal sex distribution and ages ranged from 5 to 87 years. There was an association with @entity1949 and 36% of @entity1 were from the lowest socioeconomic quintile. Most infections were dental (n=120, 86%), and @entity1 presented with @entity158 and @entity4 (n=120, 86% and n=134, 96%, respectively) Twenty-three @entity1 (16%) met the criteria for @entity1850 . A further 23 (16%) had at least one positive @entity1850 marker with incomplete recording of the remaining markers. Twenty-six @entity1 (19%) had no recorded @entity1850 markers. @entity281 can be associated with serious morbidity and mortality, which may be better managed if the systemic signs and symptoms of @entity295 are recognised and recorded at presentation. This study showed that the recording of signs of @entity295 was variable even with training. Further training of junior staff to recognise severe acute @entity2348 may improve management.

title: XXXX in Scotland 2010: patterns of presentation, @entity1 demographics and recording of systemic involvement.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['deprivation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection', 'bacterial cervicofacial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Cervicofacial infection', 'dental infection']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS', 'sepsis syndrome']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute cervico-facial infection']


abstract: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being used to treat severe @entity649 ( @entity649 ). However, there is limited clinical evidence about how to optimize the technique. Experimental research can provide an alternative to fill the actual knowledge gap. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate an animal model of @entity647 ( @entity647 ) which resembled severe @entity649 , and which could be successfully supported with ECMO. Eighteen @entity1707 were randomly allocated into three groups: sham, @entity647 , and @entity647 + ECMO. @entity647 was induced by a double-hit consisting in repeated saline lavage followed by a 2-hour period of injurious ventilation. All animals were followed up to 24 hours while being ventilated with conventional ventilation (tidal volume 10 ml/kg). The @entity651 model resulted in severe @entity519 , increased airway pressures, @entity120 , and altered alveolar membrane barrier function, as indicated by an increased protein concentration in bronchoalveolar fluid, and increased wet/dry lung weight ratio. Histologic examination revealed severe @entity16 , characteristic of @entity649 . Veno-venous ECMO was started at the end of @entity651 induction with a flow > 60 ml/kg/min resulting in rapid reversal of @entity519 and @entity120 . Mortality was 0, 66.6 and 16.6% in the SHAM, @entity647 and @entity647 + ECMO groups, respectively (p < 0.05). This is a novel clinically relevant animal model that can be used to optimize the approach to ECMO and foster translational research in extracorporeal lung support.

title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation improves survival in a novel 24-hour XXXX model of severe @entity649 .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Within the past 5 years, research has increasingly addressed molecular alterations in @entity263 (CaP). Mutations of @entity5 suppressor gene @entity876 have been found in a variety of @entity5 , including @entity3484 . Several studies have been conducted on CaP specimens, citing frequencies of @entity876 alterations in localized @entity5 ranging from 4 to 60% and with more advanced hormone refractory disease, as high as 94%. The majority of studies have revealed a low percentage of @entity876 abnormalities in early-stage (clinically organ-confined) CaP. The overwhelming bulk of evidence suggests that the frequency of @entity876 abnormalities does increase with disease progression and is highest in tissues from @entity1 with @entity263 . More recently, our group and others have found that focal @entity876 expression in the @entity5 by immunohistochemistry is predictive of @entity5 recurrence after radical prostatectomy. @entity588 is an oncogene critically involved in the apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Overexpression of @entity588 protein by immunohistochemistry has been commonly detected in advanced hormone refractory CaP. Our group recently has also shown that @entity588 protein expression in primary CaP is a predictor of @entity5 recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Furthermore, the combination of @entity876 and @entity588 protein expression were both independent predictors of recurrence after surgery. Most recently, we have shown that even though @entity876 and @entity588 are predictive biomarkers when sampling the radical prostatectomy specimen, they are not useful to predict postoperative recurrence when sampling the pretreatment needle biopsy. Ki-67 is an antigen of cellular proliferation. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 in archival material can be performed using the @entity1758 antibody. Unlike our results with @entity876 and @entity588 , Ki-67 protein expression by immunohistochemistry using @entity1758 was not an independent prognostic marker for @entity5 recurrence after radical prostatectomy although it may have clinical utility in subsets of @entity1 . Assessment of @entity1758 staining in CaP needle biopsy samples is underway. @entity5 , or angiogenesis, is necessary for @entity5 to grow and @entity3 . Angiogenesis in CaP as a prognostic marker has received recent attention. Most studies have used factor VIII immunohistochemical staining and increased angiogenesis has been suggested as a staging and prognostic marker. Our group has recently conducted a large study of radical prostatectomy @entity1 and used @entity2280 antigen immunohistochemistry to assess @entity2295 . We did not find that this biomarker assessment was an independent prognostic marker of @entity5 recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Further work is being conducted in needle biopsy samples. More research is needed to assess new biomarkers and, most importantly, to standardize the methodology for sampling and assaying biomarkers in @entity263 .

title: Angiogenesis, @entity876 , @entity588 and Ki-67 in the progression of XXXX after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['urologic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous and multifocal prostate cancer', 'hormone-refractory prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'Tumor neovascularity']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasize']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present the unusual case of multiple retinal @entity432 (RAMs) associated with an extensive @entity548 . METHODS: A 64-year-old @entity101 @entity1 is presented including the clinical findings, @entity941 angiography, and optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: The @entity1 presented with 20/200 vision due to a dense submacular @entity548 in the right eye. Fluorescein angiography revealed 4 hyperfluorescent lesions along the inferotemporal arteriole corresponding to RAMs. Optical coherence tomography confirmed RAM rupture with no @entity3193 . The @entity1 refused surgical intervention. At 3-month follow-up, vision had improved to 20/70 with partial resolution of the @entity548 . However, vitreoretinal traction with @entity1713 involving the macula had developed. CONCLUSIONS: Acquired RAMs are typically found as unilateral solitary lesions in older @entity101 @entity1 . The presence of 4 RAMs along the same arteriole has not been reported previously. @entity101 @entity1 should be examined regularly in order to detect potential RAMs early enough to permit treatment and prevent @entity1018 .

title: Multiple retinal arterial macroaneurysms associated with submacular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['submacular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial macroaneurysms']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study aimed to compare feasibility, complication rate and @entity5 control after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of @entity2 under conscious analgo-sedation (AS) versus general anaesthesia (GA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within 36 months 21 @entity1 had RFA (36 @entity5 , 26 treatment sessions). One @entity1 suffered from NSCLC, 20 had @entity3 (breast (8/20), colorectal (6/20), renal cell (2/20), @entity189 (1/20), @entity320 (3/20)). @entity1 were no surgical candidates due to underlying comorbidities. Eleven of 26 treatments were performed under GA, while in 15 of 26 treatments AS was used. Follow-up was scheduled 24 h, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and then every 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: RFA was feasible in all treatments under GA, while under AS targeting of the lesion was not possible in 2/15. Six adverse events occurred in the GA group (three major, three minor), while seven complications happened in the AS group (three major, four minor) (p=0.57). During follow-up of 3-36 months local recurrence was detected in 3 of 21 @entity5 in the GA group and in 2 of 15 @entity5 in the AS group (p=0.79). DISCUSSION: Hospitalization, complication rates and types, and the rate of @entity5 control did not differ substantially among both groups. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in technical success and feasibility. CONCLUSION: RFA of @entity2 under GA or AS did not result in different @entity5 control and complication rates, respectively. Therefore, AS should be used except in anxious or @entity2146 @entity1 .

title: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of XXXX --is there a difference between treatment under general anaesthesia and under conscious sedation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 is a very rare complication which is either spontaneous or secondary to @entity130 . It poses a diagnostic @entity189 . We report a case of spontaneous @entity1188 of @entity1557 with different clinical presentation. CASE REPORT: A 26-year-old female presented with right breast lump with sudden increase in size for 2 week duration. On examination, well defined, irregular lump measuring 6*3cm and firm to hard in consistency was found. The clinical diagnosis of benin @entity0 was made. Ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis. biopsy was planned. Macroscopical and microscopical examination showed pictures consistent with spontaneous @entity1188 of benign @entity0 . DISCUSSION: @entity1557 are the most common @entity5 of breast among female gender. Spontaneous @entity1188 within @entity1557 is a very rare. To our knowledge, only 33 cases have been reported in literatures. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous @entity1188 of the @entity1557 is a benign condition of the breast with features either @entity189 or the same presentation of benign @entity1557 .

title: Spontaneous XXXX of @entity0 case report with literature review.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma of the breast', 'Infarction of breast fibroadenoma', 'fibroadenoma of breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory carcinoma', 'dilemma of inflammatory carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['Fibroadenomas', 'fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: @entity490 at the linea semilunaris is classically the result of a @entity547 . If no @entity547 is detected, these @entity1 may be left with @entity1118 without a diagnosis or treatment. A retrospective review was performed of @entity1 presenting with @entity490 at the linea semilunaris between 2009 and 2012. Of the 14 @entity1 , three (21%) were diagnosed with a @entity547 confirmed by imaging. The remaining @entity1 were eventually diagnosed with @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ). The average delay in diagnosis was 4 years with @entity1 with @entity2850 suffering twice as long with @entity1118 . @entity1 with a @entity547 and @entity2850 had different demographics and presenting complaints. Physical examination findings were nondiagnostic. Of the @entity1 with @entity2850 , five (50%) had resolution of @entity158 with serial nerve blocks alone; another five proceeded to surgical neurectomy with resolution of their @entity158 . Thus, to prevent delay in diagnosis and treatment, @entity1 with chronic @entity490 at the linea semilunaris should first be ruled out for @entity547 . Then, they should be evaluated and treated for @entity2850 .

title: When it is not a XXXX : @entity2850 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome', 'ACNES']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal wall pain', 'abdominal wall pain']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'Spigelian hernia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Spigelian hernia']


abstract: In the 13 years since hepatic @entity35639 was first described in identical twins no further cases seem to have been observed. We report a @entity1 who had suffered from occasional morning @entity410 since the age of 7. Three 24-hour metabolic profiles showed fasting hypoglycaemia, hyperketonaemia, but normal @entity880 . Hyperglycaemia and hyperlactataemia occurred after meals. Glucagon caused a rise in @entity413 3 hours after a meal with a fall in lactate and @entity493 ; no effect of glucagon was seen after a 12-hour fast. Normal increments in @entity413 followed oral @entity3649 or @entity493 . Liver and abdominal wall muscle biopsies were taken. Glycogen content was subnormal in liver but normal in muscle. Glycogen synthetase (EC 2.4.1.11) was virtually absent from liver but fully active in muscle. Hepatic @entity35639 causing fasting hypoglycaemia has been confirmed. It is postulated that some @entity1 with " @entity19721 " may suffer from this disorder.

title: Hepatic XXXX . Definition of syndrome from metabolic and enzyme studies on a 9-year-old @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity19721 :: ('MESH:D056693', 'Disease') :: ['ketotic hypoglycaemia']

entities_list: @entity35639 :: ('MESH:C565485', 'Disease') :: ['glycogen synthetase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35639 :: (MESH:C565485,Disease) :: ['glycogen synthetase deficiency']


abstract: 1. Ventricular @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) concentrations of na  ve and @entity1286 -treated @entity35 subjected to @entity296 were examined. 2. In na  ve @entity35 , ventricular @entity268 levels were increased at 3 min but decreased 5 and 10 min after left coronary artery ligation. Statistically significant changes were observed in the right ventricle after 3 min and in the left ventricle after 10 min. 3. Acute @entity1286 treatment did not significantly alter ventricular @entity268 content in @entity35 subjected to either sham operation or acute left coronary artery ligation. 4. Ventricular @entity268 concentrations were significantly lower in sham-operated @entity35 after 5 weeks of chronic @entity1286 treatment while after 3 weeks of chronic @entity1286 treatment, this phenomenon was seen only after acute coronary ligation. The reductions were reversed by opiate withdrawal. 5. These observations support the theory that elevated @entity268 levels may contribute to the production of early @entity943 during @entity296 . It is suggested that the reduction in ventricular @entity268 concentrations may partly account for the previously reported decreased occurrence of early @entity943 in chronic @entity1286 -treated @entity35 subjected to acute left coronary artery ligation.

title: Influence of @entity296 on ventricular @entity1919 concentrations in naive and XXXX -treated @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: Little has been published about outpatient sedation for pediatric @entity1 . We designed a study to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of @entity3175 and @entity6882 in combination for sedation in ambulatory pediatric @entity1 undergoing endoscopy, colonoscopy, or liver biopsy. Thirty @entity1 (7 months-20 years) were observed. Each @entity1 received a single combined dose of intravenous @entity3175 and @entity6882 . The standard dose was 0.1 mg/kg for @entity3175 and 2.0 mg/kg for @entity6882 . In @entity1 weighing greater than 100 lb, set doses of @entity6882 (100 mg) and @entity3175 (5 mg) were used. The time to achieve sedation and the vital signs were measured; cooperation, emotional state, and drowsiness were rated before, during, and after procedures. The @entity2730 effect was noted, as were any adverse effects. @entity3175 and @entity6882 were effective in 26 of 30 @entity1 , with sedation generally produced within 2-3 min. Cooperation and emotional state improved significantly following drug administration (p less than 0.05). When a prospective 24-h telephone follow-up study was instituted in 40 consecutive @entity1 receiving @entity3175 and @entity6882 no significant adverse effects were noted. Only 20% of @entity1 old enough to be questioned remembered the procedure. @entity3175 and @entity6882 in combination appear to be effective and safe in pediatric @entity1 undergoing gastrointestinal procedures. Prolonged monitoring of @entity1 does not appear necessary in this @entity1 population.

title: Efficacy and safety of a XXXX and @entity6882 combination for pediatric gastrointestinal procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam', 'diazepam']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['diazepam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) is associated with @entity409 and clinical @entity65 . We investigated the relationship of subclinical @entity731 with sICAM-1 concentration. METHODS: sICAM-1 concentration was assayed at year 15 of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (black and white @entity1 and @entity1 , average age 40 years). We assessed progression of @entity729 ( @entity729 ) through year 20 (n = 2378), and both @entity543 (n = 2432) and @entity121 ( @entity121 ) at year 20 (n = 2240). RESULTS: Median sICAM-1 was 145.9  g/L. Among a subgroup with advanced @entity731 plaque (either @entity729 or @entity850 ), @entity121 was 0.010 (95% CI 0.003-0.017 mm) higher per SD of sICAM-1 (44  g/L) in a model adjusted for age, race, sex, clinic, smoking, exercise, body size, education, blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, plasma lipids, and @entity165 -lowering medication. With the same adjustment, the odds ratio (OR) for the presence of year-20 @entity543 per SD of sICAM-1 was 1.12 (95% CI 1.01-1.25, P < 0.04), whereas for occurrence of @entity729 progression the OR was 1.16 (1.04-1.31, P < 0.01). The associations with @entity729 and @entity543 were strongest in the top 20th of the sICAM-1 distribution. CONCLUSIONS: sICAM-1 concentration may be an early biomarker that indicates changes in the artery wall that accompany @entity731 , as well as the presence of advanced plaque in the coronary and carotid arteries. This finding holds in @entity1 with low total burden of @entity731 , decades before the development of clinical CVD.

title: Circulating soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and subclinical XXXX : the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ) of the @entity788 is often found with distinct @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) in the same @entity788 . The aim of this study was to clarify whether endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) would be useful for the early detection of concomitant PDACs in @entity1 with IPMNs. METHODS: Medical records of 179 @entity1 who were histologically confirmed to have IPMNs after resection between 1987 and 2011 were reviewed. The @entity1 having concomitant PDACs were selected, and the diagnostic abilities to detect concomitant PDACs of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), and ERP were compared between early (stages 0-I according to Japanese General Rules for @entity788 ) and advanced (stages II-IV) PDACs. RESULTS: A total of 23 PDACs developed synchronously or metachronously in 20 @entity1 , and the prevalence of PDACs concomitant with IPMNs was 11.2 % (20/179). Sensitivities of CT (16 vs. 87 %), MRI (29 vs. 93 %), and EUS (29 vs. 92 %) in the early group were significantly lower than those in the advanced group (p < 0.01). On the other hand, the sensitivity of ERP in the early group was as high as that in the advanced group (86 vs. 82 %, respectively, p > 0.99). Among 7 early PDACs, 3 were diagnosed only by ERP. CONCLUSIONS: ERP has an important role in the early diagnosis of distinct PDACs in @entity1 with IPMNs. Further investigation is necessary to clarify the indication and the timing of ERP during management of IPMNs in term of early detection of concomitant PDACs.

title: Role of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography for early detection of @entity1124 concomitant with @entity4929 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas', 'Pancreatic Cancer']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm', 'IPMN']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreas']


abstract: The superior @entity3057 (SLF) I is known to be involved in regulation of higher aspects of motor function. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we attempted to identify the SLF I and to investigate the anatomical characteristics of the SLF I in the @entity1 brain. We recruited 30 healthy subjects for this study. The SLF I was obtained using the FMRIB Software Library. The seed region of interest (ROI) was given at the superior parietal lobule (SPL) and the target ROI was the supplementary motor area (SMA) along with the dorsal part of the premotor area (PMA). Values of fractional anisotropy (FA), @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), and tract volume were measured. The SLF I originated from the SPL and medial parietal cortex, passed through the white matter of the SPL and superior frontal gyrus, and then terminated in the SMA and dorsal @entity4515 . There were no significant differences between hemispheres in terms of the FA, @entity1893 , and tract volume. We present with the anatomical characteristics of the SLF I in the @entity1 brain using DTI. We think that the methodology and results of this study would be helpful to researchers in this field.

title: The anatomical characteristics of XXXX in @entity1 brain: Diffusion tensor tractography study.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal fasciculus']

answer: @entity3057 :: (MESH:D017887,Disease) :: ['superior longitudinal fasciculus I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stellate @entity616 (SGB) is known to increase blood flow to the innervations area of the stellate ganglion. Near infrared spectroscopy reflects an increased blood volume and allows continuous, non-invasive, and bedside monitoring of regional cerebral @entity26 saturation (rSO(2)). We investigated the influence of SGB on bilateral cerebral oxygenation using a near infrared spectroscopy. METHODS: SGB was performed on 30 @entity1 with 1% @entity3303 10 ml using a paratracheal technique at the C6 level and confirmed by the presence of @entity4820 . The blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rSO(2) were measured before SGB and 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after SGB. Tympanic temperature of each ear was measured prior to SGB and 20 minutes after SGB. RESULTS: The increments of the rSO(2) on the block side from the baseline were statistically significant at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. The rSO(2) on the non-block side compared with the baseline, however, decreased at 15 and 20 minutes. The difference between the block and the non-block sides was significant at 15 and 20 minutes. The BP at 10, 15 and 20 minutes was increased and the HR was increased at 10 and 15 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an increment of the rSO(2) on the block side from the baseline; however, the rSO(2) on the non-block side decreased.

title: The change in regional cerebral XXXX saturation after stellate @entity616 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion block']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite claims of rarity, some studies indicate that the prevalence of @entity29 has increased in Iran during the past decades. Establishment of a registry and the clinical characteristics are presented in this study. METHODS: Two hundred ninety-three @entity1 with @entity31 and 207 with @entity30 , referred to tertiary referral gastrointestinal centers in Tehran from 2004 through 2007, were assessed. Demographic and clinical features, intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations, @entity29 in relatives, @entity281 and vaccination, nutrition during infancy, and drugs and surgical interventions were assessed. RESULTS: The mean+/-SD age at the diagnosis was 33.8+/-12.9 years in @entity30 and 37.1+/-13.7 years in @entity31 . Male:female ratio was 0.9:1.0 for @entity30 and 0.7:1.0 for @entity31 . A total of 177 (85.5%) @entity1 with @entity30 , and 254 (86.7%) @entity1 with @entity31 had never smoked. Measles vaccination was mentioned in 150 (72.5%) of @entity30 and 214 (73%) of @entity31 @entity1 . Breastfeeding during infancy was reported in 178 (86%) and 257 (87.7%) of @entity30 and @entity31 @entity1 , respectively. Appendectomy was reported in 37 (17.9%) of @entity30 and 16 (5.5%) of @entity31 @entity1 , whereas tonsillectomy was reported in 11.6% of each group. CONCLUSION: Demographic and clinical characteristics of @entity29 @entity1 are similar to that of other developing countries, in this study, more @entity29 cases have been assessed in comparison with previous studies, which may be due to different time scales of socioeconomic evolution and environmental factors in Iran.

title: Epidemiologic characteristics of 500 XXXX with @entity29 in Iran studied from 2004 through 2007.

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['measles infection']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been reports of @entity1 with @entity1375 not identified by TSH measurement due to a presumably delayed rise in serum TSH. However, there are no data on the incidence of false negative results in neonatal screening programs employing primary TSH assay for diagnosis. AIM: To investigate the incidence of false negative results in a neonatal screening program using the primary TSH approach and evaluate a strategy to avoid misdiagnosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: 190 newborns, with initial TSH > 15.0 IU/l and < 20.0 IU/l (screening cutoff). These @entity1 were submitted to a second TSH measurement around 30 days after the first screening. RESULTS: Thirty days after the first screening, four of the 190 @entity1 (2.1%) remained with TSH levels around the cut-off screening level or higher. Of these four @entity1 , three had an absence of thyroid gland on ultrasonography, with a final diagnosis of @entity16490 . The fourth @entity1 had a normal shaped gland in its usual location by ultrasonography, with an outcome of transitory @entity6750 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of missed @entity6750 diagnoses in this neonatal screening program based on the TSH approach was low and acceptable. Nevertheless, with the proposed strategy, the risk of false negative results can be reduced without significant impact on the overall cost of the screening program.

title: A strategy to avoid missed cases in a Brazilian neonatal TSH screening program for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['INFANTS', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity6750 :: (MESH:D003409,Disease) :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']


abstract: Clubfoot is the commonest @entity85 in babies. More than 100,000 babies are born worldwide each year with @entity5149 . Around 80% of the cases occur in developing nations. We treated 154 feet [mean Pirani score (total) 5.57] in 96 @entity1 (78 males, 18 females) by the Ponseti method from January 2003 to December 2005. A prospective follow-up for a mean duration of 19.5 months (range 6-32 months) was undertaken. After six months of treatment the Pirani score was reduced to zero for all @entity1 . The results show that corrective surgery, sometimes multiple, can be avoided in most cases which are usually associated with the development of a stiff, @entity158 foot. Low socio-economic status and illiteracy prevailing in developing nations increases the prevalence of neglected clubfoot that is still harder to correct. Integration into various programs and proper use of available resources can decrease neglected clubfoot and improve chances of successful and timely correction of deformity. Bracing constitutes an important part of treatment and proper motivation and education of the parents mitigates the chances of losing correction. The Ponseti method of correcting clubfoot is especially important in developing countries, where operative facilities are not available in the remote areas and well-trained physicians and personnel can manage the cases effectively with cast treatment only.

title: Evaluation of the utility of the Ponseti method of correction of XXXX in a developing nation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['congenital deformity']

entities_list: @entity5149 :: ('MESH:D003025', 'Disease') :: ['congenital clubfoot']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['clubfoot deformity']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed the efficacy and @entity137 of a fixed dose of @entity1205 and @entity229 , combined with escalating doses of @entity136 ( @entity28311 ). The primary endpoint was PSA response. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 were enrolled in the phase I and 50 @entity1 entered the phase II. @entity1 were given DGP, maximum of eight courses, until progression or unacceptable @entity137 . @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) was administered intravenously day 1, @entity136 was given day 1 and 8 in doses increasing from 600 to 1,000 mg/m(2) every third week. @entity1 had castrate refractory metastatic @entity263 (CRMPC), adequate function of liver, kidney and bone marrow; ECOG performance status <or=2 and were chemotherapy-na  ve. RESULTS: Median age was 64 range (49-77). Twenty-one (42%) were PS 0, 26 (52%) were @entity32091 (6%) were PS 2. The median pre-treatment PSA was 448 (12-4.580). No dose limiting @entity137 was observed even with the highest dose level in the phase I part of the study. In the phase II part, PSA response was observed in 37 (74%) @entity1 . Twenty-four (48%) @entity1 had measurable disease; 12 (50%) had partial remission, 5 (21%) had stable disease, 7 (29%) were not evaluable. @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 7.9 months and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 13.9 months. Thirty-seven @entity1 (74%) developed @entity1398 , non-haematological @entity137 was modest. CONCLUSIONS: The PSA response rate was promising and the @entity137 of DGP was manageable; however @entity1349 was comparable to results of treatment with single agent @entity1205 .

title: Phase I/II study on @entity1205 , @entity136 and XXXX in castrate refractory metastatic @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'Time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: The fetal zone of the @entity1 fetal adrenal ( @entity21419 ) gland is established to have decreased @entity1816 dehydrogenase/delta 4-5 isomerase ( @entity11187 ) activity compared to the neocortex or definitive zone. @entity11187 activity, however, can be induced in primary cell culture through treatment with ACTH. Therefore, the @entity21419 with two distinct steroidogenic zones with differences in @entity11187 activity as well as the capacity to increase @entity11187 activity in response to ACTH provides an excellent model to study the regulation of this enzyme. The presence of @entity11187 in the fetal and neocortex zones of the @entity21419 was examined using a polyclonal antibody raised against purified @entity1 placental microsomal @entity11187 . After homogenates of the fetal and neocortical zones of the @entity21419 were electrophoresed on a @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel and immunoblotted, the presence of the @entity11187 protein with a molecular size of 45 kDa could be demonstrated only in the neocortical zone. ACTH treatment (greater than 2 days) of fetal and neocortical zone explant cultures produced increases in @entity701 secretion associated with the respective levels of immunodetectable @entity11187 protein. @entity701 and @entity9027 were the respective principal @entity134 products of neocortical and fetal zone explants. After ACTH treatment, immunodetectable @entity11187 was induced to a greater magnitude in the neocortex. These findings provide evidence that the lack of @entity11187 activity in the fetal zone, previously considered to be the result of the presence of an endogenous inhibitor, is due to an absence of the protein in this portion of the gland. The lack or minimal expression of @entity11187 in the fetal zone of @entity21419 may be due to the action (or lack thereof) of a tissue-specific factor regulating the synthesis of @entity11187 .

title: XXXX dehydrogenase/isomerase in the fetal zone and neocortex of the @entity1 fetal adrenal gland.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3 beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

answer: @entity1816 :: (CHEBI:36836,Chemical) :: ['3 beta-hydroxysteroid']


abstract: Many cases of @entity14949 are accompanied by fixation or erosion of malleus and/or incus. This status of the ossicular chain is one of the reasons that ossiculoplasty for @entity14949 is more difficult than that for @entity8719 . We conducted a retrospective review of seven @entity1 who were operated on for @entity14949 between 2002 and 2006. All of the @entity1 had abnormal conditions of the malleus and/or incus and underwent stapedectomy and total ossiculoplasty with hydroxyapatite prosthesis (Apaceram T-7 type), which has a planar-like head portion that contacts a piece of cartilage. Postoperative hearing results were assessed in all seven @entity1 after at least 1 year. The postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) was closed within 10 dB in two of seven @entity1 , and was less than 20 dB in six of seven @entity1 . The mean postoperative ABG was closed within 10 dB at 1 and 2 kHz and less than 20 dB at low frequencies (0.25 and 0.5 Hz). There was almost no hearing improvement at high frequencies (4 and 8 kHz). There were no @entity1 with postoperative @entity1274 . The present study shows that stapedectomy and total ossiculoplasty with cartilage-connecting @entity692 prosthesis is effective and safe for stapes fixation accompanied by fixation or erosion of the malleus and/or incus.

title: Ossiculoplasty with a cartilage-connecting hydroxyapatite prosthesis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity14949 :: ('MESH:C563316', 'Disease') :: ['tympanosclerotic stapes fixation']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity14949 :: (MESH:C563316,Disease) :: ['tympanosclerotic stapes fixation']


abstract: A cross-sectional study of 351 healthy Finnish @entity1 aged 20-76 years was done to establish reference values of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The effects of age and of several physical and lifestyle factors on @entity79 of the lumbar spine and proximal femur (femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle area) were investigated. Altogether 58 @entity1 were excluded from the final analysis due to significant @entity27590 or other diseases or drugs known to influence @entity460 or bone metabolism. The precision of the method was 0.9, 1.2, 2.7, and 2.4% in the lumbar, femoral neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter area, respectively. Lumbar @entity79 was increased by 30% (P less than 0.001) in 15 @entity1 with @entity571 (21% of @entity1 50 years or older), but it was apparently unaffected in 5 cases with @entity730 . Except for the trochanter area, @entity79 diminished along with age, and this was significant after the menopause. The peak of mean @entity79 was observed at the age of 31-35 years in the spine and at the age of 20-25 years in the femoral neck and Ward's triangle. @entity79 was in a positive relationship to weight both in premenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 and to the use of oral contraceptives in premenopausal @entity1 and to that of @entity172 replacement therapy in postmenopausal @entity1 . Labors and pregnancies had a weak positive effect on @entity79 in premenopausal @entity1 . As compared with nonusers premenopausal @entity1 who had used @entity167 showed a slightly decreased @entity79 of Ward's triangle. In postmenopausal @entity1 there was a positive correlation between @entity167 intake and @entity79 .

title: Bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in healthy Finnish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity27590 :: ('MESH:D055013', 'Disease') :: ['spinal osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['aortic calcification']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Despite variations across individuals and agents, antipsychotics are associated with clearly documented @entity1017 and adverse metabolic effects. Although increased appetite/caloric intake and various receptors, hormones and peptides have been implicated, biological mechanisms contributing to the increase in weight and @entity413 and lipid abnormalities with antipsychotics are largely unknown. This has hampered the creation of antipsychotics that are free of cardiometabolic effects, even in antipsychotic-naive/early-phase @entity1 , as well as the development of strategies that can prevent or drastically diminish the adverse cardiometabolic effects. In general, three strategies can reduce the cardiometabolic risk of antipsychotics: switching to a less orexigenic/metabolically adverse antipsychotic; adjunctive behavioral treatments; and adjunctive pharmacologic interventions. However, each of these strategies has only been shown to be modestly effective. Among different behavioral interventions (N = 14, n = 746), group and individual treatment, dietary counseling and cognitive-behavioral therapy seem to be similarly effective. Among 15 different pharmacologic strategies (N = 35, n = 1629), only @entity2449 , @entity4899 , @entity352 , @entity1771 and @entity18891 were more effective than placebo, with the most evidence being available for @entity2449 , and no head-to-head trials comparing individual pharmacologic interventions. However, even in the most successful trials the risk reduction was modest. Weight was not decreased to a pretreatment level, and despite superiority compared with placebo, @entity1017 still often occurred, particularly in antipsychotic-naive @entity1 and when interventions were 'preventively' coinitiated with antipsychotics. Future research should focus on combining treatment modalities or agents and on exploring novel mechanism-based interventions.

title: Management of antipsychotic-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['fenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity352 :: ('MESH:C058254', 'Chemical') :: ['sibutramine']

entities_list: @entity18891 :: ('MESH:C074679', 'Chemical') :: ['reboxetine']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: @entity521 , a neural crest-derived childhood @entity5 of the sympathetic nervous system, may in some cases differentiate to a benign @entity6010 or regress due to apoptosis. However, the majority of @entity521 are diagnosed as @entity3 with a poor prognosis despite intensive multimodal therapy. The neuropeptide @entity1943 (SOM) has been shown to inhibit @entity521 growth and induce apoptosis in vitro. Therapeutic effects of SOM analogues are dependent on @entity5 expression of high-affinity receptors. In the present study, @entity1 @entity521 SH-SY5Y cells were grown as xenografts in nude @entity35 . In vivo SOM receptor expression in the xenografts was identified using scintigraphy with @entity13098 . @entity35 were randomized to treatment with the long-acting SOM analogue @entity2390 (10 microg s.c. every 12 h), @entity10211 (4 mg orally every 24 h), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (40 microg s.c. every 24 h) and compared with controls. @entity5 volume was assessed every second day and @entity5 weight after 10-12 d. @entity2390 treatment inhibited @entity521 growth significantly with reduced @entity5 volumes at 10 and 12 d compared with untreated controls (mean 3.56 and 4.24 versus 6.48 and 8.01 mL, respectively; p < 0.01). Also, @entity5 weights after 10-12 d were reduced in @entity2390 -treated animals (n = 8, median weight 2.90 g, range 1.67-5.57 g) compared with untreated @entity35 (n = 14, 7.54 g, 1.65-10.82 g, p = 0.005). Serum @entity2135 decreased significantly over time both in @entity35 treated with @entity2390 and in untreated controls. It is concluded that treatment with the SOM analogue @entity2390 may significantly decrease @entity5 growth in vivo. Further studies are warranted to establish the role of SOM analogues in the treatment of @entity1 with unfavorable @entity521 .

title: The XXXX analogue @entity2390 inhibits @entity521 growth in vivo.

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioneuroma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroblastoma tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['13-cis-retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas', 'neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity13098 :: ('MESH:C081788', 'Chemical') :: ['111In-pentetreotide']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Immunoglobulin light-chain ( @entity1582 ) @entity2783 is a rare disease that can affect several organs. The aim of this study was to characterize @entity1 with gastrointestinal manifestations of @entity1582 , in terms of symptoms, biochemistry, and outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospectively, @entity1 with @entity1582 admitted for evaluation of @entity8884 in a Department of Gastroenterology between January 2000 and December 2006 were identified. RESULTS: A total of 11 @entity1 (4 F, age 60 years, median (range) 50-69) were included in the study. @entity344 was histologically verified in all @entity1 . All @entity1 had @entity344 , 8 of them prior to establishment of diagnosis. Median (range) delay from initial symptoms to diagnosis was 7 (0-24) months. The most prominent symptom was @entity353 (n=10) averaging 7 (0-25) kg, followed by @entity294 (n=5). @entity6123 (2 mild, 1 moderate, 1 severe) was found in 4 of 7 @entity1 examined. At presentation, 9 @entity1 had @entity4988 and 6 @entity1 had @entity417 . Three @entity1 were treated with home parenteral nutrition. Five @entity1 received conventional chemotherapy (oral melphalan and @entity229 ) and 5 @entity1 underwent high-dose melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation. Five @entity1 died within the observation period, at a median of 10 (3-36) months after the diagnosis was established. Non-survivors tended to have lower albumin levels on admission and more involvement of other organs compared to survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with @entity344 experience @entity353 and all have signs of @entity8884 . Despite treatment the prognosis is grave.

title: Primary ( XXXX ) @entity2783 with @entity344 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['Steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms', 'gastrointestinal AL amyloidosis', 'Gastrointestinal amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis', 'AL']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['AL']