abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the effectiveness of a prescribed weight-loss diet with 0.8 versus 1.4 g protein  kg(-1) day(-1) on changes in weight, body composition, indices of @entity209 , and resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 . DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to groups that consumed diets containing 750 kcal day(-1) less than daily energy needs for weight maintenance with either normal protein (NP, n = 21) or @entity1131 ( @entity1131 , n = 22) content for 12 weeks. The macronutrient distributions of the NP and @entity1131 diets were 25:60:15, and 25:50:25 percent energy from fat, @entity1735 , and protein, respectively. Assessments were made pre and post intervention. The subjects were retrospectively subgrouped into overweight and @entity28 groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both diet groups lost comparable body weight and fat. The @entity1131 group lost less lean body mass than the NP group (-1.9    0.3 vs. -3.0    0.4 kg). The effects of protein and BMI status on lean body mass loss were additive. The reductions in total @entity165 , HDL-C, @entity1674 , @entity413 , and insulin, along with LDL-C, total @entity165 -to-HDL-C ratio, and HOMA-IR, were not statistically different between NP and @entity1131 . Likewise, macronutrient distributions of the diet did not affect the reductions in REE, and blood pressure. In conclusion, energy restriction effectively improves multiple clinical indicators of @entity65 and @entity413 control, and consumption of a higher-protein diet and accomplishing @entity353 when overweight versus @entity28 help @entity1 preserve lean body mass over a short period of time.

title: Normal vs. high-protein @entity353 diets in @entity1 : effects on body composition and indices of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['HP', 'higher protein']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular health']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: Contrast media-induced @entity8 is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired @entity177 , occurring most frequently in @entity1 with pre-existing @entity177 . We prospectively studied 55 @entity1 with @entity740 (serum @entity1011 concentration 1.4 to 3.5 mg/dl) who underwent abdominal aortography and arteriography of the lower extremities. The @entity1 were randomized into two groups. Group 1, 28 @entity1 , received @entity935 2.5 mcg/kg beginning 1 hour before arteriography and continuing for 12 hours. Group 2 received an equal volume of saline for the same period of time. Serum @entity1011 and 12-hour @entity1011 clearance were measured before arteriography and for 4 consecutive days afterward. Acute contrast-induced @entity177 was defined as increase in the baseline serum @entity1011 concentration > or = 0.5 mg/dl. On day 1 postarteriography the serum @entity1011 increased from baseline .193 mg/dl for controls while the @entity935 group decreased slightly from baseline .018 mg/dl (p = 0.002). Excepting day 1 postarteriography, there was no statistical difference between groups, and serum levels for both groups increased linearly from baseline across time ( @entity935 p = 0.028, control p = 0.025). In @entity1 with pre-arteriography baseline serum levels greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dl, however, the increase in serum @entity1011 from baseline levels was consistently and significantly greater in the control group through the fourth day (0.012 < or = p < or = 0.049). @entity1011 clearance did not change significantly from baseline after arteriography in the @entity935 group (baseline versus days 1 through 4, 0.238 < or = p < or = 0.968); however, the control group showed a significant linear decrease in @entity1011 clearance from baseline through the fourth day after arteriography (p = 0.016). @entity935 infusion prevented a rise in serum @entity1011 24 hours after angiography in @entity1 with pre-existing @entity177 , and protected against contrast-induced @entity177 in @entity1 whose baseline serum @entity1011 was > or = 2.0 mg/dl.

title: Effect of @entity935 on renal function after arteriography in @entity1 with pre-existing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency', 'decrease in renal function']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal insufficiency']


abstract: The treatment of cells with simple DNA methylating agents such as @entity10842 ( @entity10843 ) results in @entity75 , including @entity2456 which blocks DNA replication. All the organisms studied to date contain an alkylation-specific base excision repair pathway. In the @entity375 @entity375 , the base excision repair pathway is initiated by a @entity16673 @entity2456 DNA glycosylase that removes the damaged base, followed by the @entity44027 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease which cleaves the DNA strand at the abasic site for subsequent repair and synthesis. Several @entity377 excision repair pathway mutants display only slightly increased sensitivity to killing by @entity10843 , indicating that @entity377 excision repair per se does not play a major role in the repair of DNA methylation damage. However, @entity16673 and @entity44027 mutants that are also defective in @entity377 excision repair are extremely sensitive to @entity10843 -induced killing and the effects are synergistic. These observations suggest that @entity377 excision repair and alkylation-specific base excision repair provide alternative pathways for the repair of DNA methylation damage. In addition to their role in @entity377 excision repair, @entity28425 and @entity44029 form a complex that is involved in recombination repair. It was found that the @entity44027 @entity28425 and @entity44027 @entity44029 double mutants have a growth defect and are significantly more sensitive to @entity10843 killing than @entity44027 @entity29814 and @entity44027 @entity28426 double mutants in a gradient plate assay. Furthermore, the @entity44027 @entity28425 double mutant increased both the spontaneous and @entity10843 -induced mutation frequency. Thus, the recombination repair defects of @entity28425 and @entity44029 may confer an additional synergistic effect when combined with the @entity44027 mutation.

title: Synergism between XXXX @entity377 and base excision repair pathways in the protection against DNA methylation damage.

entities_list: @entity2456 :: ('MESH:C025946', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methyladenine']

entities_list: @entity10842 :: ('MESH:D008741', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl methanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['genotoxic lesions']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5721 ( @entity5721 ) is known not only to induce @entity519 and oxidative stress, but also to cause @entity2000 in @entity35 . Crystallins, known to inhibit the formation of reactive @entity26 species, reduce apoptotic cell death. Our goal was to clarify not only the role of @entity5721 -mediated crystallins, but also to evaluate the correlation of these compounds to anti- @entity32 in the vitreous body. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity35 were used in this study. We induced @entity5721 by clamping the optic nerve for 30 minutes and then releasing it. The vitreous bodies were obtained from the experimental and control subjects 24, 48, and 72 hours after @entity5721 . Two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed, and the targeted spots were further investigated using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, spectrophotometry, Western blotting, and histological examination. RESULTS: After @entity5721 , 23 spots were identified as crystallins. The bB2 crystallins were transcriptionally and post-translationally regulated, whereas the aB crystallins were controlled by post-translational modifications in the vitreous bodies of the @entity35 . The total amounts of aA and b crystallins (including isotypes of b crystalline) had increased 48 hours after injury. The phosphorylation of aB crystallin (at @entity563 residues 19, 45, and 59) was significantly increased 48 hours later, whereas phosphorylation of @entity2508 showed the greatest decrease. CONCLUSIONS: During @entity519 and oxidation stress, our results suggest that phosphorylated aB crystalline inhibits RAS, resulting in the inactivation of @entity2508 . The phosphorylation of aB crystallin may be associated with the inflammatory suppression in the vitreous body via the @entity5721 model system.

title: A potential role of crystallin in the vitreous bodies of XXXX after ischemia-reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['I/R injury', 'Ischemia-reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether @entity1 want primary care physicians to inquire about physical abuse (PA) or @entity458 ( @entity458 ) or how frequently physicians make such inquiries. METHODS: To determine @entity1 preferences and physician practices, we surveyed 164 @entity1 and 27 physicians at private and public primary care sites. Data were collected using confidential, anonymous, written, multiple-choice questionnaires and were evaluated using univariate analysis. RESULTS: Among @entity1 , routine PA inquiry was favored by 78% and routine @entity458 inquiry was favored by 68%. Only 7% were ever asked about PA and 6% about @entity458 . A history of PA was reported by 16% and a history of @entity458 by 17%. Ninety percent believed physicians could help with problems from PA and 89% felt physicians could help with problems from @entity458 . Among physicians, one third believed that PA and @entity458 questions should be asked routinely. However, @entity458 inquiries were never made by 89% at initial visits or by 85% at annual visits. Physical abuse inquiries were never made by 67% at initial visits, or by 60% at annual visits. Eighty-one percent believed they could help with problems associated with PA and 74% with @entity458 . CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 favor inquiries about physical and @entity458 and believe physicians can help with these problems. Physicians believe they can help with these problems though they frequently do not inquire.

title: Inquiry about victimization experiences. A survey of XXXX preferences and physician practices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['SA', 'sexual abuse']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy, tolerability, and impact on quality of life and cognitive functioning of anticonvulsant prophylaxis with @entity3174 or @entity1092 in @entity1 after craniotomy. METHODS: A prospective, stratified, randomised, double blind single centre clinical trial was performed, comparing two groups of 50 @entity1 each, who underwent craniotomy for different pathological conditions and who were treated for 1 year after surgery with either 300 mg @entity3174 /day or 1500 mg @entity1092 /day. During the study period @entity1 were seen in the outpatient clinic at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 months, when medical history, adverse events, and drug plasma concentrations were evaluated. Neuropsychological functioning and quality of life were assessed on the last three visits. In cases of a @entity410 an EEG was performed, drug plasma concentration assessed, and medication subsequently increased. RESULTS: Of the 100 included @entity1 14 (seven in each group) experienced one or more @entity410 . Severity of the @entity410 was comparable in the two groups. In all @entity1 , drug plasma concentrations were in the low or subtherapeutic ranges at the time of the first postoperative @entity410 . Five @entity1 in the @entity3174 group and two in the @entity1092 group had to stop their treatment due to drug related adverse events. Sixty @entity1 completed the 12 month period. Analysis of neuropsychological and quality of life data showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: For efficacy, tolerability, impact on cognitive functioning, and quality of life, no major differences were found between @entity3174 and valproate prophylaxis. @entity1092 is an alternative for anticonvulsant prophylaxis in @entity1 after craniotomy.

title: Comparative double blind clinical trial of @entity3174 and XXXX as anticonvulsant prophylaxis after craniotomy: efficacy, tolerability, and cognitive effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate', 'sodium valproate', 'Valproate']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'postoperative seizures']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['sodium valproate']


abstract: Severe @entity2753 (118 mmol/l) with natriuresis, consistent with @entity5653 ( @entity5653 ), occurred 38 days after transsphenoidal surgery in a 59-year-old @entity1 affected by a pituitary non-functioning macroadenoma. From the 35th day after surgery, she showed progressive @entity2011 , @entity551 and @entity2753 associated with natriuresis, decreased plasma and increased urinary osmolality. The clinical examination revealed signs of @entity2700 and gradual decline in the level of consciousness. The anterior pituitary function was normal due to appropriate replacement of thyroid and adrenal axis. The @entity1 was treated with saline administration until normal natremia and water balance were restored and @entity16 had @entity2402 . This case focuses on the unusually prolonged time of development of post-surgery @entity2753 , despite delayed symptomatic @entity2753 being reported to commonly occur 7 days after transsphenoidal surgery. Therefore, we would advise not to limit the periodic follow-up of the hydroelectrolytic balance to the first two weeks after surgery, but to prolong it until after discharge from hospital. In fact, an early diagnosis is of great importance to prevent permanent @entity16 or @entity204 . Since @entity5653 and @entity6085 , the two disorders alternatively imputed to generate post-surgical @entity2753 , are characterized by different pathogenic mechanisms and require opposing therapeutic approaches, the occurrence of extracellular volume dilution or of increased @entity1372 renal loss should be carefully investigated. The evidences in favor of @entity5653 , the possible mechanisms behind the syndrome and diagnosis and management of @entity1 with post-transsphenoidal surgery @entity5653 are discussed.

title: Very delayed XXXX after surgery and radiotherapy for a pituitary macroadenoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['completely disappeared']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['CSWS', 'cerebral salt wasting syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6085 :: ('MESH:D007177', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH']

answer: @entity2753 :: (MESH:D007010,Disease) :: ['hyponatremia']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intralesional radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of @entity19364 . METHODS: We tried the intralesional radiofrequency ablation for 64 @entity1 with @entity19364 from 2007 to 2011. The operation was performed under 2.5 loupe magnifications. The handpiece was assembled with a needle electrode and connected to the radiofrequency ablation apparatus. The electrode was then inserted into the target lesions in dermis and delivering injury to the base of these @entity5 . Results were assessed clinically by comparing pre- and post-treatment photographs and @entity1 satisfaction rates. RESULTS: Clinical improvement increased with each subsequent treatment session. The percent of @entity1 whose clinic improvement grade were>= 3 after each session was respectively 71.9%(Session1), 83.3%(Session2), and 100%(Session3). The statistical results indicated the concordance of the clinical assessment and the satisfaction level of @entity1 (kappa=0.78 of the session1; kappa=0.82 of the session2). The majority of @entity1 had good or excellent cosmetic results. Postoperatively, there were no permanent side effects or recurrences. CONCLUSION: As a new technique of minimally invasion, the intralesional radiofrequency ablation was found to be an effective, inexpensive, highly precise and safe way of treating @entity19364 .

title: A technique for XXXX : intralesional radiofrequency ablation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity19364 :: ('MESH:D018252', 'Disease') :: ['periorbital syringomas']

answer: @entity19364 :: (MESH:D018252,Disease) :: ['periorbital syringomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ) was conducted in Southern Zambia to establish the prevalence and causes of @entity1939 in order to plan effective services and advocate for support for eye care to achieve the goals of VISION 2020: the right to sight. METHODS: Cluster randomisation was used to select villages in the survey area. These were further subdivided into segments. One segment was selected randomly and a survey team moved from house to house examining everyone over the age of 50 years. Each individual received a visual acuity assessment and simple ocular examination. Data was recorded on a standard proforma and entered into an established software programme for analysis. RESULTS: 2.29% of @entity1 over the age of 50 were found to be blind (VA <3/60 in the better eye with available correction). The major cause of @entity1939 was @entity231 (47.2%) with @entity1347 being the next main cause (18.8%). 113 eyes had received @entity231 surgery with 30.1% having a poor outcome (VA <6/60) following surgery. @entity231 surgical coverage showed that @entity1 (72%) received more surgery than @entity1 (65%). DISCUSSION: The results from the @entity1939 survey in Zambia were very similar to the results from a similar survey in Malawi, where the main cause of @entity1939 was @entity231 but @entity1347 was also a significant contributor. Blindness in this part of Zambia is mainly avoidable and there is a need for comprehensive eye care services that can address both @entity231 and @entity1347 in the population if the aim of VISION 2020 is to be achieved. Services should focus on quality and gender equity of @entity231 surgery.

title: A XXXX in Southern Zambia.

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['RAAB', 'rapid assessment of avoidable blindness', 'blindness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['posterior segment disease']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract', 'Cataract']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['rapid assessment of avoidable blindness']


abstract: The vast majority of @entity5 of the @entity788 are @entity420 . This @entity5 type has an extremely poor prognosis and in many Western countries, it represents the fifth leading cause of @entity5 . @entity1124 exhibit the highest incidence of activating @entity984 ( @entity984 ) mutations observed in any @entity1 @entity5 . It was therefore of interest to examine how this pattern would relate to mutations in the @entity817 and @entity470 genes, which are involved in the same signaling pathway as @entity984 . We screened a series of 43 @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity1124 . When DNA was extracted from whole tissue sections, @entity984 codon 12 mutations were detected in 67% of the @entity5 . When cancerous ducts were isolated by laser-assisted microdissection, 91% were positive for @entity984 mutations. Although it did not reach statistical significance, there was a trend in our material that survival after diagnosis varied according to @entity984 mutation subtype, GTT-positive @entity1 having the best prognosis. No alterations in @entity817 exons 11 and 15 or in @entity470 exons 18-21 were detected in @entity984 -positive or @entity984 -negative cases. We therefore conclude that the @entity817 and @entity470 mutations commonly seen in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 are generally absent from @entity1124 . Apparently, these @entity5 depend on no more than one genetic hit in the @entity470 -RAS- @entity8496 signaling pathway.

title: Molecular analysis of the @entity470 -RAS- @entity8496 pathway in @entity1124 : lack of mutations in the @entity817 and XXXX genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas', 'ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas', 'Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death', 'cancer', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: DESIGN: The cytological diagnosis of oncocytic/Hurthle cell neoplasms (OCN) represents a challenge with which cytopathologists face up to in their practice. The majority of these lesions undergo surgery for a definitive characterization of the nature mainly due to their more aggressive behavior than other @entity5 . In this study, we aimed at the evaluation of the effective malignant rate in a large cohort of OCNs. METHODS: From January 2008 to December 2011, we analyzed 150 cyto-histological OCNs and 64 benign oncocytic/Hurthle lesions (BOL). Both groups of @entity1 were analyzed for clinical and cyto-histological parameters. All the nodules were sampled under sonographic guidance and processed with the liquid-based cytological method. RESULTS: In agreement with literature, we found a significant correlation only with female gender in both OCN (P=0.0160) and BOL groups. The 64 BOLs were histologically diagnosed as 15 @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ), 45 hyperplastic nodules in @entity2621 , and four @entity3557 ( @entity3557 , 6.2%). The 150 OCNs resulted in 141 (94%) oncocytic @entity652 and nine (6%) malignant lesions. The latter group included five @entity189 ( @entity189 ), three oncocytic variants of @entity3557 , and one macrofollicular @entity3557 featured by mild nuclear clearing with a dispersive cellular pattern. The malignant rate was respectively 6.2% in BOLs without any @entity189 whereas 3.3% @entity189 diagnosed in the OCN category. CONCLUSIONS: Our OCNs mostly resulted in histological @entity652 with a lower rate of @entity5 than in other series. Some morphological parameters (nuclear clearing, @entity1141 , and dispersive cellular pattern) might be helpful in stratifying OCN @entity1 into different risks of @entity5 .

title: The cytologic category of oncocytic (Hurthle) cell XXXX mostly includes low-risk lesions at histology: an institutional experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinomas', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant follicular lesions', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto thyroiditis', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['OCC', 'oncocytic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of surgical therapy and to specifically compare radical and modified radical vulvar surgery relative to survival, recurrence, @entity3 , and complications. METHODS: A retrospective review of 225 @entity1 with primary @entity1544 was performed. Clinical, pathologic, surgical, and follow-up data were collected from the @entity1 records. All pathology slides were reviewed with a pathologist. Radical surgery included 134 @entity1 treated by the Basset operation. Modified radical surgery accounted for 91 @entity1 with vulvar excision alone (65) or with lymphadenectomy (26) via separate groin incisions. RESULTS: The 5-year recurrence rate was 14%. The overall and disease-free survival rates at 5 years were 76. 1 and 83.4%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two procedures regarding overall survival, disease-free survival, or the development of recurrence, even after adjusting for stage (P > 0.05). @entity1 undergoing radical vulvar surgery were more likely to develop surgical complications and sequelae than @entity1 having modified radical surgery, even after adjusting for stage. CONCLUSIONS: Modified radical vulvar surgery is associated with decreased complications and 5-year overall and disease-free survival and recurrence rates similar to those of radical vulvar surgery.

title: Primary XXXX : radical versus modified radical vulvar surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['squamous cell cancer of the vulva']


abstract: This work aims to investigate new markers for the quantitative characterization of @entity22 , in the context of sleep microstructure, as expressed by @entity7944 ( @entity7944 ) sleep. The study group includes 11 subjects with normal sleep and 10 subjects with diagnosed @entity22 . Differences between normal sleepers and insomniacs are investigated, in terms of dynamics and content of @entity7944 events. The overall rate of @entity7944 and of different phases is considered. The dynamic in the structure and alternation of @entity7944 events is further studied in different scales by use of wavelet analysis, and calculation of energy/entropy features. The content of @entity7944 events is studied in terms of electroencephalography (EEG) complexity analysis for the different types of events. Statistically significant differences are highlighted, both in structure and content. Besides confirming the increase in @entity7944 rate, main findings regarding the microstructure difference in @entity22 include: 1) as regards the deep sleep building phases, more irregular activation-deactivation patterns, with bigger deactivation time, i.e., distance between consecutive activation events, and appearing with higher EEG complexity in deactivation, and 2) a bigger duration of desynchronisation phases, with increased EEG complexity and more irregular patterns. This analysis extends previous findings on the relation between CAPrate increase and sleep instability mechanisms, proposing specific features of @entity7944 that seem to play a role in @entity22 (as consistently presented via classification analysis). This opens new perspectives for the understanding of the role of @entity7944 in the quantitative characterization of sleep and its disorders.

title: Cyclic alternating patterns in normal sleep and XXXX : structure and content differences.

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'cyclic alternating pattern']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia', 'primary insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: We used quantitative computed tomography and finite element analysis to classify @entity1 with and without @entity173 . Highly accurate classifications were achieved indicating the potential for these methods to be used for subject-specific assessment of @entity174 risk. INTRODUCTION: Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is the current clinical diagnostic standard for assessing @entity174 risk; however, many @entity174 occur in @entity1 not defined as osteoporotic by aBMD. Finite element (FE) analysis based on quantitative computed tomography (QCT) images takes into account both bone material and structural properties to provide subject-specific estimates of bone strength. Thus, our objective was to determine if FE estimates of bone strength could classify @entity1 with and without @entity173 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity2249 and 15 @entity1 with @entity173 along with 35 age-matched controls were scanned with QCT at the hip. Since it is unknown how a specific subject will fall, FE analysis was used to estimate bone stiffness and bone failure load under loading configurations with femoral neck internal rotation angles ranging from -30   to 45   with 15   intervals. Support vector machine (SVM) models and a tenfold cross-validation scheme were used to classify the subjects with and without @entity174 . RESULTS: High accuracy was achieved when using only FE analysis for classifying the @entity1 with and without @entity174 both when the @entity174 types were pooled (82.9 %) and when analyzed separately by @entity2249 (87.5 %) and trochanteric @entity174 (80.0 %). The accuracy was further increased when FE analysis was combined with volumetric BMD (pooled @entity174 accuracy, 91.4 %) CONCLUSIONS: While larger prospective studies are needed, these results demonstrate that FE analysis using multiple loading configurations together with SVM models can accurately classify individuals with previous @entity173 .

title: Classification of XXXX with and without @entity173 based on quantitative computed tomography and finite element analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['trochanteric fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of @entity239 and other @entity158 characteristics among @entity1 with @entity6 . We assessed 137 @entity1 with @entity6 and a control group of 139 @entity1 matched for age and sex that do not suffer from @entity6 . We examined 9 of 18 typical tender points and 4 control points with a dolorimeter. There was no difference in the prevalence of @entity239 among @entity1 in both groups. However, @entity6 @entity1 had more tender points than @entity1 in the control group and their threshold for @entity158 at the corresponding tender points was significantly lower compared to that of the @entity1 in the control group. The @entity6 @entity1 also reported more @entity158 than @entity1 in the control group. @entity6 @entity1 , on the other hand, had a significantly higher prevalence of @entity239 than @entity1 in the control group: 23.3% versus 10.6% respectively (p = 0.043). There was no significant difference in the number of tender points and the @entity158 threshold in the two groups of @entity1 . @entity6 @entity1 reported more @entity158 than the @entity1 in the control group. In both @entity6 @entity1 and @entity1 the number of tender points and dolorimeter count directly correlated with the duration of @entity6 .

title: [Prevalence of @entity239 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite all efforts in extending the resectability rates of colorectal liver metastases, thus improving the prognosis of the @entity1 , @entity5 recurrence occurs in many @entity1 . Occult dissemination of @entity5 cells might reflect a minimal residual disease that is not eliminated by primary surgery. Because the prognostic effect of disseminated @entity5 cells (DTC) is still uncertain in this clinical setting, we analyzed these cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of @entity1 undergoing hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases. METHODS: In 108 @entity1 with colorectal liver metastases, the presence of DTC in the peripheral blood and bone marrow was detected with @entity2225 RT-PCR. Clinical data were prospectively collected, and multiple variables were analyzed regarding their influence on overall survival. RESULTS: DTC in the peripheral blood were detected in 40% of the @entity1 . In 25% of the @entity1 , DTC were detected in the bone marrow. The median follow-up was 34 months. Fifty-nine of 108 @entity1 died from @entity5 relapse. Multivariate analysis determined detection of DTC in the bone marrow to be an independent prognostic factors for overall survival (P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: This large series of @entity1 with hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases demonstrated that detection of @entity2225 -positive DTC via RT-PCR in the bone marrow compartment negatively influences overall survival. The evidence of @entity9856 in the bone marrow might serve as an additional individual marker to select @entity1 for adjuvant treatment after liver metastases resection.

title: Disseminated XXXX cells in the bone marrow negatively influence survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The efficacy and side-effects of oral @entity2779 300 mg b.i.d. were compared to those of @entity5126 slow-release 800 mg b.i.d. in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study in 12 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ). Furthermore during steady-state the plasma levels of @entity2779 and @entity5126 were measured repeatedly over an 8-hour period and correlated to the numbers of @entity1540 . In 6 @entity1 both drugs reduced @entity1540 by 80%. In 2 @entity1 this effect was obtained by @entity2779 and not by @entity5126 , while the reverse was found in another 2 @entity1 . In 2 @entity1 neither of the drugs was able to reduce @entity1540 by 80%. During treatment with @entity5126 4 @entity1 experienced @entity294 and 1 @entity1 @entity10 taking @entity2779 . The plasma levels showed great variation. No correlation between the plasma levels expressed as area under the concentration-time curve and the reduction of @entity1540 was found.

title: @entity2779 versus XXXX slow-release for the treatment of chronic ventricular arrhythmias.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular complexes', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['suffered headaches']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity5126 :: (MESH:D011802,Chemical) :: ['quinidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Statins have been known to reduce progression of @entity731 when used in high dosage in @entity1 with elevated @entity165 . A large majority of Indian @entity1 , however, develop @entity453 with average or below average @entity165 level. There is insufficient data on effect of low-dose statins on progression of @entity731 in such @entity1 with normal/average lipid levels. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this prospective study, 150 @entity1 with angiographically proven @entity453 and baseline total @entity165 <200 mg/dl and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 <130 mg/dl were randomized to treatment with low-dose @entity2993 (10 mg) or placebo. Both groups were comparable in demographic characteristics. Progression of @entity731 was assessed using carotid intima media thickness as surrogate marker using standard protocol on B-mode ultrasound including common carotid artery, common carotid bifurcation and internal carotid artery measurements. Follow-up study for carotid intima media thickness was done at end of one year. A decrease in mean maximum carotid intima media thickness was recorded for all the three carotid segments individually from basal to end of one year in @entity2993 group [common carotid artery -0.008 mm (p = 0.01), common carotid bifurcation-0.022 mm (p = 0.001), internal carotid artery -0.009 mm (p = 0.01)] while the same showed an increase in placebo group [common carotid artery +0.011 mm (p = NS), common carotid bifurcation +0.013 mm (p=NS), internal carotid artery +0.007 mm (p=NS)]. The average mean carotid intima media thickness (all three segments included) decreased from 0.739 +/- 0.114 mm to 0.726 +/- 0.115 mm (difference -0.013 mm) in statin group and increased from 0.733 +/- 0.124 mm to 0.742 +/- 0.117 mm (difference + 0.009 mm) in placebo group (p < 0.001). Along side, there was a reduction in the total @entity165 from 144 +/- 26 mg/dl to 130 +/- 18 mg/dl (decreased arrow 9.7%, p = 0.05) and in low-density lipoprotein @entity165 from 86 +/- 24 mg/dl to 74 +/- 19 mg (decreased arrow 13.9%, p = 0.05) in study group and an increase in total @entity165 from 148 +/- 32 mg/dl to 154 +/- 8 mg/dl ( @entity101 .05%, p=NS) and in low-density lipoprotein @entity165 from 84 +/- 19 mg/dl to 87 +/- 16 mg/dl (increased arrow 3.57%, p=NS) in placebo group at end of one year (p=NS). No adverse effects of statins were reported in the treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that low-dose statins reduce progression of @entity731 as observed by carotid intima media thickness in Indian @entity1 with known @entity301 and normal lipid values independent of lipid lowering. The study favors use of this therapy in @entity1 with normal/below average @entity165 levels.

title: Prevention of @entity731 progression using XXXX in normolipidemic @entity453 @entity1 --a controlled randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased arrow 4']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the association between the amount and the intensity of physical activity (PA) and lipid profile and @entity410 in pre-menopausal @entity1 . A cross-sectional study was conducted, sampling was stratified according to two age groups and two levels of PA, as assessed by the Minnesota Leisure Time PA Questionnaire. Serum lipid profile and sex hormones were measured. The study included 403 @entity1 . Total energy expenditure on PA was directly associated with HDL- @entity165 and inversely with atherogenic index. When intensity was analyzed, only moderate PA was associated with a desirable lipid profile. A decrease of 1.59 mg/dL (standard error [SE] = 0.77) and 0.07 units (SE = 0.02) in LDL- @entity165 and atherogenic index, respectively, and an increase of 1.02 mg/dL (SE = 0.34) in HDL- @entity165 were observed per each 100 MET . min/day spent in moderate PA. After adjusting for body fat mass, the association between moderate PA and LDL- @entity165 was no longer statistically significant (regression coefficient = - 1.21; SE = 0.81) whereas the association between moderate PA and atherogenic index (regression coefficient = - 0.05; SE = 0.02) and HDL- @entity165 (regression coefficient = 0.98; SE = 0.35) remained statistically significant. Only vigorous PA was associated with VO2max. VO2max increased 2.35 mL/kg (SE = 0.39) per each 100 MET . min/day spent in vigorous PA. Only moderate PA is associated with a lower LDL- @entity165 and atherogenic index, and higher HDL- @entity165 . The association between PA and LDL is dependent on body fat mass, but the association between PA and HDL is independent of it. Only vigorous intensity PA is associated with @entity410 .

title: Amount and intensity of physical activity, @entity410 , and serum lipids in pre-menopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Meningeal metastasis occurs in 3-8% of all @entity5 @entity1 , producing neurologic morbidity and a high mortality. Diagnosis is best established by the demonstration of malignant cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. However, in @entity1 with known @entity5 , MR scan with @entity2287 may be diagnostic when subarachnoid nodules can be demonstrated in the head or spine. Therapy usually involves radiotherapy to symptomatic sites, often followed by intrathecal chemotherapy. Intrathecal chemotherapy is best delivered by an intraventricular reservoir system but can also be delivered by repeated lumbar puncture. @entity1499 , @entity2592 and @entity11678 are the most common agents instilled into the subarachnoid space. Their limited efficacy can be explained by their restricted spectrum of antitumor activity. @entity1 with @entity3 from @entity1778 , @entity706 or @entity0 tend to respond best and this may, in part, be attributed to the relative sensitivity of these @entity5 types to the agents administered intrathecally. Systemic chemotherapy may prove a more attractive alternative to intrathecal drugs since it can penetrate into bulky disease, reach all areas of the subarachnoid space, and not be restricted by CSF bulk flow. The prognosis for @entity1 with @entity3 is poor, most individuals surviving a median of only about four months. Occasional @entity1 do have prolonged survival and improvement of their neurologic function.

title: Current diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['leptomeningeal metastasis']


abstract: The significance of six sextant ultrasound guided biopsies of the prostate (SS-biopsy) was evaluated in a total of 114 @entity1 . The presence of @entity263 was suspected ( @entity4901 ) in 59 subjects through @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ) for @entity4901 and in 47 @entity1 in out- @entity1 clinics (OPC). The recurrence (REC) was suspected in 3 @entity1 diagnosed previously as @entity4901 . All of them had elevated PSA, abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) and/or abnormal transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). All of these tests in 5 @entity1 with @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) were normal. Moreover, in 34 @entity1 among them, oriented biopsies were performed to the area where @entity4901 was suspected by DRE and or TRUS. Twelve @entity4901 @entity1 were detected in @entity3928 group (20.3%), 17 Pcas in OPC group (36.2%) and 3 Pcas in REC group (100%). No @entity4901 @entity1 were detected in @entity1067 group. In 12 @entity4901 @entity1 with T1 or T2, only one @entity4901 @entity1 (8.3%) had over 3 @entity4901 samples among the samples obtained by SS-biopsy. In 20 @entity1 with T3 or T4, 13 @entity1 (65%) had over 3 @entity4901 samples. There was significant relationship between T category and @entity4901 sample numbers among 6 samples obtained by SS-biopsy (p < 0.01). Ten of 12 @entity4901 @entity1 in @entity3928 group (83.3%) and 8 of 17 @entity1 in OPC group (47.1%) had less 3 @entity4901 samples. @entity4901 was detected in 9 of 34 @entity1 examined by the oriented biopsy. However al of these @entity4901 were detected by SS-biopsy. It may be not necessary to examine @entity4901 suspected @entity1 by the oriented biopsy if they were examined by this SS-biopsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The significance of six sextant biopsy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['mass screening', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostate hypertrophy', 'BPH']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The associations between blood pressure and urine @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity1011 have been studied among 1,240 @entity1 and 1,119 @entity1 living in nine British towns in order to assess the contribution of @entity1372 and @entity972 intake to geographic BP variations within Great Britain. Significant positive associations were found between systolic BP and the urine @entity1372 / @entity972 ratio for @entity1 (P less than 0.05) and for @entity1 (P less than 0.001), and for the @entity1372 / @entity1011 ratio in @entity1 (P less than 0.01), after adjustment for age and body mass index. The findings for diastolic BP were similar, but non-significant for @entity1 . Associations between BP and @entity1372 concentration were inconsistent and non-significant. The associations between BP and @entity972 concentration were consistently negative, and significant for diastolic in @entity1 (P less than 0.01). The correlations between the mean town systolic BPs and the @entity1372 / @entity972 ratio were 0.65 (P = 0.058) for @entity1 , and 0.60 (P = 0.086) for @entity1 . Correlations for diastolic BP were such smaller. The association between BP and the @entity1372 / @entity972 ratio in this study is consistent both within and between populations, although more so for @entity1 than for @entity1 . The results are also consistent with the results of other population studies using casual and 24 urine specimens. Although unable to quantify the effects of @entity1372 and @entity972 with precision, the study suggests that the @entity1372 / @entity972 ratio is of importance in geographic BP variations in Great Britain, at least for systolic blood pressure.

title: Casual urine concentrations of @entity1372 and XXXX and geographic blood pressure variations in Great Britain.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical trials have established the safety and efficacy of @entity1229 anticoagulation for @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 . Other studies have documented patterns of underutilization and suboptimal @entity1229 therapy; physician underuse of @entity1229 may reflect the demands associated with monitoring the drug's effects. BASELINE STUDY: At Carney Hospital, a 230-bed acute care community teaching hospital in Boston, a retrospective chart review indicated that between July 1, 1995, and June 30, 1996, of 465 @entity1 admitted with @entity955 , 209 (45%) @entity1 were discharged with @entity1229 therapy: 198 were receiving @entity1229 at admission, and 11 began therapy during hospitalization. Analysis of the admission international normalized ratios (INRs) indicated that a minority of @entity1 on @entity1229 were safely anticoagulated at the time of admission. DESIGNING THE INTERVENTION: An anticoagulation clinic was established in fall 1997 to increase utilization of @entity1229 , standardize anticoagulation practices, and minimize physician time and effort needed to ensure safe anticoagulation. In early 1998 monitoring of hospitalized @entity1 with chronic @entity955 began. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 receiving @entity1229 therapy at admission increased from 46% in February-May 1998 to 63% in April-June 1999. Between October 1997 and July 1998, 49.1% of the 2,738 @entity1 visits to the anticoagulation clinic showed an INR in the desired range. For the 2,238 visits during January through August 1999, 53.7% of the INRs were in the desired range. DISCUSSION: Establishment of a clinic to oversee @entity1229 therapy and dissemination of indications for anticoagulation in @entity1 with @entity955 were followed by increases in the frequency of @entity1229 use in hospital @entity1 and the incidence of safe therapy in ambulatory @entity1 .

title: Improving management of XXXX and anticoagulation in a community hospital.

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Achieving hemostasis in laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery (LNSS), a technically demanding procedure, is challenging. Absorbable hemostatic agents, such as oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) are frequently used for hemostasis in laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery. Retention of this material is a very rare situation. PRESENTATION OF THE CASE: We are presenting a case of ORC @entity738 after nephron sparing surgery for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) mimicking recurrent renal mass. A 50-year-old @entity1 diagnosed with upper pole renal mass underwent laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery. Oxidized regenerated cellulose was used to achieve hemostasis for an oozing from the perirenal tissue. Resection confirmed @entity1358 . Imaging at 6th month follow-up revealed a lesion with contrast enhancement at the location of the adrenal gland. Positron emission tomography suggested @entity32 or @entity3 . Histopathological evaluation of the mass revealed @entity6401 . DISCUSSION: Laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery is becoming a standardized treatment of select @entity703 . Hemostatic agents, such as ORC, are frequently used to minimize complications in LNSS. In case of ORC application, which is completely absorbed in 8 weeks, to or to a location with close proximity to the primary resection site, surgical @entity738 formation should be considered. However its use should not be discouraged and biopsy may be considered for definitive diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Oxidized regenerated cellulose @entity738 may mimic different entities such as including invasive @entity189 . Thus it is of utmost importance, if ORC was used during LNSS, the location and use of this material should be noted precisely.

title: Oxidized regenerated cellulose XXXX mimicking recurrent mass lesion after laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity6401 :: ('MESH:D015745', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body granuloma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spiritual practices are one way that individuals cope with @entity5 . PURPOSE: Describe and contrast expressions and values about the use of spirituality for @entity158 in African American (AA) and White (WH) oncology @entity1 . METHODS: Six groups (3 AA; 3 WH; n=42; mean age 58) were conducted. Focus group and qualitative methodology with a cultural interpretive lens was utilized. The Model of Integrated Spirituality provided the conceptual framework for understanding the narratives. FINDINGS: AAs and WHs did not differ on demographics, @entity158 status, or integrative therapies. Three spirituality themes emerged: 1) @entity158 and distress as antecedents to the use of spirituality; 2) active and existential attributes of the use of spirituality; and 3) mobilization of internal and external resources as outcomes. There were commonalities between AAs and WHs but greater frequency of certain subthemes and keywords in AAs. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should examine whether differences in overt expressions translate into different types and levels of spiritual usage. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Clinicians should recognizing similar as well as different uses and descriptions of spirituality between African Americans and Whites.

title: Spiritual expressions of African Americans and Whites in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: Previous studies have established that under normal conditions, adrenal @entity2453 reductase activity is higher in hamsters than in @entity35 and @entity1 . The hamster reductase activity follows a diurnal rhythm corresponding to that of plasma ACTH and glucocorticoids [Endocrinology 107 (1980) 215] but not to that of @entity1369 . ACTH treatments to hamsters increased reductase activity after a latency of 60 min; this enhancement was prevented by @entity1880 [J. @entity134 Biochem. 24 (1986) 325]. Immunotitration and immunoblotting studies confirmed that ACTH caused an increase in reductase protein synthesis. In @entity35 , long-term (1-9 days) and short-term (3 h) treatments with ACTH also induced increase in adrenal @entity2453 reductase activity and reductase protein. In the presence of @entity8867 and inhibitors of proteolytic enzyme, a main specific band of enzyme was evinced in the area of 102 +/- 6 kDaMr, by Western blotting, for both hamster homogenate and microsomal preparations (Endocrinology, 120 (1987]. Similarly Mr values were found with @entity35 adrenal preparations. The concentration of mRNA, analyzed using the c-DNA pRed-10 coding for the @entity3569 ovary reductase, was increased in adrenals of hamsters treated with ACTH. The reductase mRNA levels also fluctuated during the day in parallel with those of reductase activity and reductase protein. In conclusion, these results indicate that ACTH and other conditions inducing a change in hamster adrenal @entity2453 reductase activity provoke parallel changes in reductase mRNA and reductase protein content. ACTH acts on the adrenal reductase of species synthesizing large as well as small quantities of @entity165 , thus indicating the general importance of this hormonal control.

title: Effect of ACTH on @entity165 and XXXX synthesis in adrenocortical tissues.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity8867 :: ('MESH:D007460', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetamide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: 1. The effects of Cs+ on the action potential, post-train after-hyperpolarization (AHP), @entity141 -dependent post-spike depolarizing after-potential (DAP) and phasic firing were examined during intracellular recordings from magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in superfused @entity35 hypothalamic explants. 2. Extracellular Cs+ reversibly inhibited (IC50, approximately 1 mM) DAPs, and associated after-discharges, that followed brief spike trains in each of sixteen cells tested. Although bath application of Cs+ also provoked a small reversible depolarization, inhibition of the @entity6136 was retained when membrane voltage was kept constant by current injection. 3. Application of Cs+ had no significant effects on spike duration (n = 8), frequency-dependent spike broadening (n = 8), spike hyperpolarizing after-potentials (n = 14), or the amplitude of the @entity3491 (n = 7). @entity12876 -evoked inhibition of the DAP, therefore, does not result from diminished spike-evoked @entity141 influx, and may reflect direct blockade of the conductance underlying the @entity49666 . Inhibition of the DAP was associated with an enhancement of the amplitude and duration of the AHP, indicating that the currents underlying the AHP and the DAP overlap in time following a train of action potentials, and that the relative magnitude of these currents is an important factor in determining the shape and time course of post-train after-potentials. 5. Bath application of Cs+ reversibly abolished phasic firing in each of seven cells tested. This effect was reversible and persisted at all subthreshold voltages tested. These results indicate that the current underlying the DAP is necessary for the genesis of plateau potentials and phasic firing in MNCs.

title: @entity12876 blocks depolarizing after-potentials and phasic firing in XXXX supraoptic neurones.

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated AHP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the relationships between the three-dimensional dose distributions in parotid glands and their saliva production, and to find the doses and irradiated volumes that permit preservation of the salivary flow following irradiation ( @entity138 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighty-eight @entity1 with @entity135 irradiated with parotid-sparing conformal and multisegmental intensity modulation techniques between March 1994 and August 1997 participated in the study. The mean dose and the partial volumes receiving specified doses were determined for each gland from dose-volume histograms (DVHs). Nonstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rates were selectively measured from each parotid gland before @entity138 and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the completion of @entity138 . The data were fit using a generalized linear model and the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model of Lyman-Kutcher. In the latter model, a "severe complication" was defined as salivary flow rate reduced to < or =25% pre- @entity138 flow at 12 months. RESULTS: Saliva flow rates data were available for 152 parotid glands. Glands receiving a mean dose below or equal to a threshold (24 Gy for the unstimulated and 26 Gy for the stimulated saliva) showed substantial preservation of the flow rates following @entity138 and continued to improve over time (to median 76% and 114% of pre- @entity138 for the unstimulated and stimulated flow rates, respectively, at 12 months). In contrast, most glands receiving a mean dose higher than the threshold produced little saliva with no recovery over time. The output was not found to decrease as mean dose increased, as long as the threshold dose was not reached. Similarly, partial volume thresholds were found: 67%, 45%, and 24% gland volumes receiving more than 15 Gy, 30 Gy, and 45 Gy, respectively. The partial volume thresholds correlated highly with the mean dose and did not add significantly to a model predicting the saliva flow rate from the mean dose and the time since @entity138 . The NTCP model parameters were found to be TD50 (the tolerance dose for 50% complications rate for whole organ irradiated uniformly) = 28.4 Gy, n ( @entity734 parameter) = 1, and m (the slope of the dose/response relationship) = 0.18. Clinical factors including age, gender, pre- @entity138 surgery, chemotherapy, and certain medical conditions were not found to be significantly associated with the salivary flow rates. Medications (diuretics, antidepressants, and narcotics) were found to adversely affect the unstimulated but not the stimulated flow rates. CONCLUSIONS: Dose/volume/function relationships in the parotid glands are characterized by dose and volume thresholds, steep dose/response relationships when the thresholds are reached, and a maximal @entity734 parameter in the NTCP model. A parotid gland mean dose of < or =26 Gy should be a planning goal if substantial sparing of the gland function is desired.

title: Dose, volume, and function relationships in parotid salivary glands following conformal and intensity-modulated irradiation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['volume dependence']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A @entity957 was observed in a 12-year-old @entity1 . There was no history of preceding @entity1185 or radiotherapy. We searched for an association with @entity1082 ). METHODS: The resected specimens were assayed for infection with HPV types 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 42 by in situ hybridization, and for HPV types 6, 16, 18, 33 by Southern blotting. In addition, cervical swabs of the mother were examined for @entity1083 by filter in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Coinfection by HPV types 18 and 33 could be demonstrated by in situ hybridization, with homogeneous @entity5 and adjacent epithelial cells by HPV 33 and focal infection of only invasive @entity5 by HPV 18. Southern blot testing confirmed a high viral copy number of HPV 18 DNA. Examination of the mother at the time of @entity5 diagnosis revealed no evidence of @entity66 in the lower genital tract. CONCLUSIONS: In this @entity1 , @entity325 by at least two HPV types is the only evaluable risk factor for @entity189 . Coinfection by two HPV types might substitute for @entity11527 normally present in adult @entity189 .

title: @entity189 in a 12-year-old XXXX . Association with human papillomavirus 18 and 33.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-related lesion']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'infection of both tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinomas', 'laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11527 :: ('MESH:C566056', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenic cofactors']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['coinfection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to analyse the genetic predisposition to @entity21149 , micro-social stressors and other risk factors among adolescents and compare them to each other by strength of association with @entity102 ( @entity102 ). One phase epidemiological research was conducted in population of adolescents aged 14-21 years, living in Georgia. The representative contigent - 430 adolescents were selected by the method of simple randomization. The two groups were separated from the research contingent: 84 adolescents with the @entity102 (the experimental group) and 346 condtionally healthy adolescents (the control group). The degree of relationship between the defined risk factor and @entity102 among adolescents was studied through case-control study method. Statistical processing of the obtained data was provided through SPSS v.11,5. The risk factors ranking was held according to decrease of OR values. Analysis of micro-social and hereditary risk factors showed that the associations between @entity102 and the combination of chronic psychological overloads, calculated together, is stronger (OR=15,3 (95% CI: 9,06-37,8)), than with genetic predisposition to @entity21149 (OR=11,5). From chronic psychological overloads, the most strong relationship with @entity102 have adolescents study overloads (OR=7,1) and conflict situations at the family (OR=6,0), as well as adolescents bad habits (OR=5,14) and unsatisfactory living conditions (OR=3,74). The listed above OR indicies may be used for planning preventive measures, needed for decrease @entity102 prevalence among adolescents.

title: Micro-social risk factors and genetic predisposition to micro-social risk factors and genetic predisposition to XXXX among adolescents living in georgia.

entities_list: @entity21149 :: ('MESH:D004066', 'Disease') :: ['digestive diseases']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Digestive Diseases', 'CDD']

answer: @entity21149 :: (MESH:D004066,Disease) :: ['digestive diseases']


abstract: Metals are major contaminants that influence @entity1 health. Many metals have physiologic roles, but excessive levels can be harmful. Advances in technology have made toxicogenomic analyses possible to characterize the effects of metal exposure on the entire genome. Much of what is known about cellular responses to metals has come from @entity1 systems; however the use of non- @entity1 species is gaining wider attention. @entity2199 is a small round worm whose genome has been fully sequenced and its development from egg to adult is well characterized. It is an attractive model for high throughput screens due to its short lifespan, ease of genetic mutability, low cost, and high homology with @entity1 . Research performed in @entity2199 has led to insights in apoptosis, gene expression, and @entity179 , all of which can be altered by metal exposure. Additionally, by using worms one can potentially study mechanisms that underline differential responses to metals in @entity2199 and @entity1 , allowing for identification of novel pathways and therapeutic targets. In this review, toxicogenomic studies performed in @entity2199 exposed to various metals will be discussed, highlighting how this non- @entity1 system can be utilized to study cellular processes and pathways induced by metals. Recent work focusing on @entity179 in @entity191 will be discussed as an example of the usefulness of genetic screens in @entity2199 and the novel findings that can be produced.

title: Genome-Wide Analyses of Metal Responsive Genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematodes', 'C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is the most commonly employed surgical technique for treating @entity4720 . Although autologous bone grafts are considered the gold standard in achieving fusion, associated short- and long-term morbidities have led to a search for alternative materials. These have included @entity505 -fiber, @entity702 alloy (Ti) and ceramic and @entity12316 ( @entity12316 ) based implants. Recent attempts to optimize cage implants through using composite designs have combined Ti and @entity12316 . However, there are few published reports on the clinical and radiological outcomes of commercially available composite cages. Our study aimed to provide and evaluate initial outcomes of a composite Ti/ @entity12316 cage. METHODS: In this prospective single senior surgeon cohort study, 31 consecutive @entity1 underwent a modified Smith-Robinson technique under general anesthesia and relevant data were collected. The study @entity1 were aged between 18 and 75 years and underwent surgery from November 2013 to May 2014. Indications for surgery included traumatic and @entity179 that was unsuitable for or unresponsive to conservative management. All cages were between 5 and 8 mm and packed with super critical fluid sterilized allograft and bone marrow aspirate before insertion. @entity1 were followed-up for a minimum of 12 months. Fusion was assessed using fine cut CT and anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Clinical outcomes were measured using a Visual Analogue Scale, Neck @entity717 Index and @entity1 's Satisfaction Index. RESULTS: Six of the original cohort were unavailable for adequate follow-up. The remaining 25 @entity1 (17 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ; 33 operative levels) were observed for a mean of 14.6 months (range, 12-16 months). All operation levels were between C4 and C7 . Single-level operations were performed in 19 @entity1 and additional plating in 14 @entity1 . A fusion rate of 96% was achieved. @entity1 in both plated and non-plated groups experienced statistically significant improvements; good to excellent outcomes being seen in 92% of @entity1 . There was one complication, namely recurrent @entity3746 , which had partially resolved at 6 months follow-up. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that enhancement of @entity12316 cages with Ti endplates is a safe and effective treatment with the potential for early osseointegration and early radiological evidence of fusion.

title: @entity702 / XXXX Cages for Cervical Arthrodesis with Degenerative and Traumatic Pathologies: Early Clinical Outcomes and Fusion Rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity12316 :: ('MESH:C063834', 'Chemical') :: ['PEEK', 'polyetheretherketone']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative cervical disease']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity12316 :: (MESH:C063834,Chemical) :: ['Polyetheretherketone']


abstract: AIM: To assess the correlation between quality of life (QoL), @entity308 and motor signs in @entity1 with @entity191 after subthalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS @entity9221 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 74 @entity1 , average age 55.6    7 and duration of disease 12.3 years    3.8, treated with l @entity9221 DBS for @entity1726 were included in the study. All @entity1 were evaluated with (UPDRS III), ( @entity13749 -39) (BDI) at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24-month follow up. All @entity1 were also stratified into three groups depending on UPDRS III improvement ( < 30%, 30-60%, > 60%). RESULTS: Scores in all scales significantly decreased from baseline. The improvement in PDQ-39 was 43.3%, in BDI 25.3 %; UPDRS-III 55.5% at 6 months. At 24 months, motor results and QoL deteriorated by 15.6% and 19.6% respectively. BDI remained unchanged. Mean scores at baseline in PDQ-39 were group I 67.4    29.7; II 64.8    32.0; III 53.4    22.0 and for BDI, group I 17.4    12.04; II 14.0    9.7; III- 15.1    10.55. Scores decreased significantly with DBS at 6-month follow-up and mean change was: PDQ-39, group I 42.7%, II- 40.7%, III 51.6%; BDI group I 23%, II 28.1%, III 23.3 %. CONCLUSION: Reduction of @entity308 , motor signs and improvement of QoL in @entity1726 after DBS @entity9221 are closely related. Improvement of QoL depends significantly on motor symptoms.

title: Quality of life and @entity308 in XXXX after subthalamic deep brain stimulation: a 2-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate our experience in the combined treatment of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) and @entity1494 with GreenLight(   ) and holmium laser, respectively, on an outpatient basis. @entity1 AND METHODS: From August 2006 to May 2009, 20 @entity1 with @entity1067 and @entity1494 were treated. First, the @entity9279 was treated, and then the GreenLight laser vaporization of the prostate was performed, both at the same surgical time and under general anesthesia. Discharge of @entity1 was scheduled 3 to 4 hours after completion of the procedure. RESULTS: The procedure was simultaneously completed in 19 of 20 @entity1 . The mean stone size was 2.3 (1-4) cm, and the mean prostate volume was 56.5 (30-108) cc. The mean operating time was 115 (50-190) minutes. There was a significant percentage change in maximum flow, postmicturition residual volume, and International Prostate Symptom Score, which were 129.5%, 88.4%, and 68.3%, respectively. All @entity1 were stone free after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The combined transurethral treatment of @entity1067 associated with @entity1494 by means of GreenLight laser vaporization and holmium laser lithotripsy on an outpatient basis can be performed safely and yields excellent results.

title: Outpatient simultaneous treatment of XXXX and @entity1494 with GreenLight    and holmium laser.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic hyperplasia', 'benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['lithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder lithiasis']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a novel therapy in resistant @entity302 , and is undergoing clinical trials in resistant @entity308 . The mechanism of action of VNS is assumed to be due to modulation of deep brain structures via its afferent connections. As the vagus nerve has potentially important immunological actions that may have relevance to its therapeutic effects, we hypothesised that an additional mechanism may occur via vagally mediated actions on cytokine synthesis. METHODS: @entity1 (n=10) with resistant @entity308 were studied in the weeks prior to, and 3 months following, implantation of a vagus nerve stimulator. No medication changes were made during the course of the study. High-sensitivity ELISA kits were used to measure plasma @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity310 , @entity688 and @entity2533 concentrations. @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) was measured using a high sensitivity immunonephelometry assay. RESULTS: There were highly significant increases in the plasma levels of @entity650 , @entity310 and @entity2533 . Increases seen with @entity688 and @entity1356 were not significant. Plasma @entity1851 levels were unchanged. CONCLUSION: VNS is associated with marked peripheral increases in pro- and anti-inflammatory circulating cytokines. Such changes are unlikely to be non-specific inflammatory reactions, reflected by @entity1851 levels. In view of gathering evidence supporting a role for the immune system in modulating affect, as well as @entity410 activity, these effects of VNS may be therapeutically relevant.

title: The effects of vagus nerve stimulation on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of treatment of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). METHODS: The results of treatment in 935 @entity1893 @entity1 were reviewed according to life table Log rank analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 with moderately malignant @entity1893 had better long-term survival, as compared with other pathologic types (P < 0.05). @entity1 in clinical stage I had better prognosis than those in stage II, III and IV (P < 0.001). @entity1 achieved CR as short-term response had the best prognosis. When analyzed according to treatment modalities, the long-term effect was seemingly better in @entity1 treated with chemotherapy + radiotherapy than in @entity1 treated with radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy alone, but the different was statistically insignificant. If the results are compared between @entity1 treated in 1983 through 1988 and those in 1989 through 1993, there was marked improvement in long-term survival in the latter time period during which @entity1 were given more intensive chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The long-term survival rate of @entity1 with @entity1893 was closely related to pathologic types, clinical stage, short-term therapeutic effect. Intensive chemotherapy help improve prognosis. The leaping manner of @entity1893 requires sufficient systematic therapy.

title: [Clinical analysis of 935 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL', 'NHL dissemination']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: @entity750 ( @entity750 ) may be inhibitory to micturition at a spinal level. A potential mechanism of action for serotonergic inhibition of bladder function is a @entity308 of the ascending limb of the supraspinal reflex mediating micturition. Ascending activity evoked by pelvic nerve stimulation was recorded in the thoracic spinal cord of anesthetized @entity468 . For comparison, spinal reflex activity evoked by pelvic nerve stimulation was recorded on the pudendal nerve. The effects of intrathecal administration of serotonergic agents were examined to determine whether spinal and supraspinal responses to bladder afferent activation were modulated by @entity750 . @entity3858 (60 nmol), a non-selective serotonergic antagonist, increased ascending activity by 61+/-7% and @entity308 spinal reflex activity by 38+/-6%. @entity24479 (10 nmol), a 5-HT3 antagonist had a similar effect on both activities (increased by 93+/-24% and decreased by 77+/-7%, respectively). The effect on ascending activity of blocking 5-HT3 receptors was also confirmed with @entity19473 and @entity16645 . @entity27881 (800 nmol), a 5-HT3 agonist, @entity308 ascending activity to 46+/-9% of control, but enhanced spinal reflex activity by 73+/-92%. These results demonstrate that stimulation of 5-HT3 and @entity3858 -sensitive @entity750 receptors can inhibit ascending activity and facilitate spinal reflex activity elicited by activation of bladder afferents. It is suggested that descending serotonergic pathways may participate in the spinal coordination of urinary continence.

title: Serotonergic modulation of spinal ascending activity and sacral reflex activity evoked by pelvic nerve stimulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide', 'Methysergide']

entities_list: @entity24479 :: ('MESH:C064877', 'Chemical') :: ['Zatosetron']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: @entity794 is a well-armed pathogen that is a leading cause of @entity291 @entity1271 . Attempts to define a set of bacterial proteins that are crucial for @entity281 have failed. The identification of these proteins is important to define biomarkers that can be used for diagnostic purposes and to identify potential vaccine targets. In this study, seven genes that encode virulence factors were analyzed in 85 bacterial isolates that were derived from animals with @entity291 @entity1271 . The clfB, @entity18996 , sdrCDE and fnBP genes were detected in 91.8%, 85.9%, 85.9% and 63.5% of the isolates, respectively. At least one gene was present in all of the strains, while the most prevalent combination was clfB and sdrCDE (82.4%). The genetic diversity of the isolates was high and allowed for clustering into more than 40 groups, with each group containing bacteria collected from different locations. The gene expression of the four most prevalent adhesins was examined in nine genetically distinct strains. No common pattern of expression was observed for the genes, suggesting that the capacity of @entity794 to cause @entity281 may rely on differential expression of the virulence factors in different isolates. Our results conclude that using only one antigen is unlikely to provide effective protection against @entity291 @entity1271 and suggest that a combination of at least three adhesins may be more suitable for developing preventive therapies. We also conclude that the characterization of isolates distributed worldwide is necessary to improve our understanding of pathogenesis in the natural populations of @entity794 .

title: XXXX of @entity291 origin: genetic diversity, prevalence and the expression of adhesin-encoding genes.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3686 is an @entity74 affecting the kidney, eye and ear arising from mutations in the gene @entity3687 , which encodes the alpha 5 chain of type IV collagen. Structural defects of glomerular basement membranes in @entity3686 are associated in most instances with failure to detect the alpha 3, alpha 4, and alpha 5 chains of type IV collagen as well as the Alport antigen that is identified in normal tissues by a genetically discriminating alloantibody and monoclonal antibody. Anterior lenticonus is an @entity735 pathognomic of @entity3686 that is associated with marked thinning of the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ). The reactivity of Alport @entity1347 with type IV collagen antibodies has not previously been reported. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: ALCs were obtained at the time of @entity231 extraction from two unrelated males with @entity3686 and @entity1347 , and stained with antibodies against the alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3 and alpha 4 chains of type IV collagen, as well as an antibody against the alpha 5 (IV) chain. Controls consisted of ALCs from a normal individual and from a @entity1 with @entity6 . RESULTS: Normal and @entity6 ALCs reacted with antibodies against the alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 4 chains of type IV collagen and the alpha 5 (IV) chain. In one of the Alport @entity1 , @entity1347 showed no reactivity with antibodies against the alpha 5 (IV) chain and the alpha 3 and alpha 4 chains of type IV collagen. In the second @entity1 , @entity1347 reactivity with these antibodies was preserved. Epidermal basement membranes from this second @entity1 also showed reactivity with antibody against the alpha 5 (IV) chain, unlike most males with @entity3686 . In both Alport @entity1 , ALCs reacted with antibodies against the alpha 1 (IV) and alpha 2 (IV) chains. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity1347 in @entity1 with @entity3686 may be associated with absence of the alpha 3 and alpha 4 chains of type IV collagen, as well as the alpha 5 (IV) chain, from @entity1347 . On the other hand, these chains may be present in Alport @entity1 with @entity1347 . The precise structural basis for mechanical weakness of the @entity1347 in @entity1 with @entity3686 remains to be determined.

title: Immunohistologic studies of type IV collagen in anterior lens capsules of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['Alport syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ALC', 'anterior lenticonus', 'anterior lens capsule']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorder']

answer: @entity3686 :: (MESH:D009394,Disease) :: ['Alport syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Usually hazelnut @entity56 @entity1 suffer from the tree pollen associated @entity566 ( @entity566 ) caused by cross-reactive structures. Anaphylactic reactions elicited by hazelnuts happen rarely but are of high clinical significance. Considering that hazelnuts are ingredients in processed foods, hazelnuts may play an important role as hidden allergens for these high risk @entity1 . Therefore, we analyzed the IgE reactivity of a young @entity1 with severe @entity56 after ingestion of hazelnuts without any association to tree pollen @entity566 . AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to identify and characterize these potent hazelnut-specific allergens. We compared these allergens to structures displayed by sera from @entity1 with a completely or partially non pollen-related hazelnut @entity566 and with birch pollen-related hazelnut @entity566 . None of the sera had a clinical history of anaphylaxis. Special emphasis was placed on the heat stability and cross-reactivity of these allergens. METHODS/RESULTS: Using Western blotting with extract from birch pollen and EAST inhibition techniques we were able to show that the allergens in the serum sample of the young @entity1 were not cross-reactive with birch pollen. Immunoblot experiments with extracts from native and heated hazelnuts and EAST inhibition tests further characterized these allergens to be heat-stable. Unlike the IgE binding pattern of the sera from the @entity1 with pollen-related hazelnut @entity566 , low molecular weight proteins below 10 kDa were identified by the sera from the @entity1 without @entity2023 . CONCLUSIONS: Since the binding pattern of the serum sample of the young @entity1 was different from that of the sera from @entity1 without pollen @entity566 but less severe symptoms, we assume an association between single non pollen-dependent hazelnut allergens in the low molecular range and severe @entity56 . These results enable us to approach a subgroup of hazelnut allergens which we believe to be responsible for anaphylactic reactions in hazelnut @entity56 @entity1 after ingestion of heat-stable hazelnut structures in processed food stuff, independent of @entity2023 .

title: IgE binding to unique hazelnut allergens: identification of non pollen-related and heat-stable hazelnut allergens eliciting severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['OAS', 'allergy', 'oral allergy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pollinosis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic reactions']


abstract: @entity6 -prone (DP) BB @entity35 develop autoimmune type 1 @entity6 spontaneously. At least five loci are linked to disease expression: the major histocompatibility complex ( @entity49244 ), two susceptibility loci ( @entity49245 , @entity49246 ), and, possibly, a resistance locus ( @entity49247 ). @entity66 also requires homozygosity for @entity49244 / @entity49248 , which causes @entity2905 . It has not been determined whether @entity49244 / @entity49248 is required for predisposition to @entity12011 in addition to being required for its spontaneous expression. We analyzed backcross @entity35 segregating for @entity6 but not @entity2905 using @entity35 -Furth (WF) and @entity6 -resistant (DR) BB animals. The latter are nonlymphopenic ( @entity49244 +/+) and develop @entity6 only in response to immunological perturbants. Treatment of (DR-BB x WF)F1 x WF animals (all @entity49244 +/+) using a standard induction protocol caused type 1 @entity6 in 58% of progeny. Expression of type 1 @entity6 was strongly linked to @entity49245 . The results suggest that @entity49244 / @entity49248 does not determine the predisposition to autoimmunity in BB @entity35 and that @entity49245 is a major diabetogenic locus in both DP- and DR-BB animals. The @entity49245 gene maps to a region containing several major @entity792 , including @entity49249 , @entity49250 , and @entity37971 . We propose that BB @entity35 @entity6 requires 1) class II @entity10001 ( @entity49244 ) for susceptibility, 2) additional loci for disease initiation and progression in response to perturbants, and 3) @entity49244 for spontaneous disease.

title: @entity6 -resistant BB @entity35 share a common major @entity6 susceptibility locus, XXXX : additional evidence for a "universal autoimmunity locus" on @entity35 chromosome 4.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12011 :: ('MESH:C565730', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity loci']

answer: @entity49245 :: (326559(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['iddm4']


abstract: About 80% of @entity1 with seminomatous testicular germ-cell @entity5 are diagnosed with stage I disease. For many years, the standard treatment for this @entity1 group has been radiation to para-aortic and iliacal lymph nodes at the same side as the orchiectomy. However, iliac radiotherapy is unnecessary in @entity1 without prior inguinal or scrotal surgery. Furthermore, in recent years, other treatment modalities for this @entity1 group have evolved. The use of single-agent @entity3003 has shown promising results, similar to the effects obtained by radiotherapy. In addition, surveillance after primary orchiectomy with no additional treatment is found to be a safe follow-up for many of these @entity1 . On the basis of new knowledge about primary @entity5 risk factors, it is now possible to identify @entity1 at a particular high risk of relapse (rete testis invasion, primary @entity5 size > 4 cm, or both). This will be a helpful tool to identify @entity1 who can be safely included into a surveillance strategy, and those who could have adjuvant treatment. The final decision about treatment will depend on risk factors, capacity of the healthcare service to carry out frequent follow-up examinations and the @entity1 's own preferences. In this paper, we will discuss advantages and disadvantages of the various treatment options in the management of @entity5 .

title: The management strategies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer', 'stage I seminoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage I seminoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study sought to evaluate the predictive value of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) on long-term mortality in non-ST-elevation @entity1187 (NSTACS) that were treated with a very early aggressive revascularization strategy. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 1042 consecutive @entity1 with NSTACS who were undergoing coronary angiography and subsequent coronary stenting of the culprit lesion as the primary revascularization strategy within 24 hours. Levels of @entity1851 were determined on admission. The @entity1 were followed for a mean of 20 months. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in @entity1 with a @entity1851 >10 mg/L (3.7% versus 1.2% with @entity29726 mg/L and versus 0.8% with @entity1851 of 3 to 10 mg/L; relative risk for @entity1851 >10 mg/L compared with @entity1851 < or =10 mg/L was 4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] was 1.6 to 11.0; P=0.004). The increase in mortality in @entity1 with @entity1851 >10 mg/L persisted during follow-up. Long-term mortality was 3.4% with @entity29726 mg/L, 4.4% with @entity1851 between 3 and 10 mg/L, and 12.7% with @entity1851 >10 mg/L (relative risk for @entity1851 >10 mg/L compared with @entity1851 < or =10 mg/L, 0.8; 95% CI, 2.3 to 6.2; P<0.001). In addition, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significantly reduced survival at 4 years in @entity1 with a @entity1851 >10 mg/L (78% versus 88% for a @entity1851 of 3 to 10 mg/L and versus 92% for @entity29726 mg/L; P<0.001 by log-rank). In a multivariate analysis, @entity1851 was an independent predictor of long-term mortality. @entity1 with a @entity1851 >10 mg/L had >4 times the risk of @entity204 (odds ratio, 4.1; 95% CI, 2.3 to 7.2). CONCLUSION: @entity1851 is a strong independent predictor of short and long-term mortality after NSTACS that are treated with very early revascularization.

title: Inflammation and long-term mortality after non-ST elevation @entity1187 treated with a very early invasive strategy in 1042 consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2812 (LTG) is recognised as effective add-on therapy for @entity1625 , but this is the first double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in treatment-resistant generalised @entity302 . METHODS: The study consisted of 2 x 8-week treatment periods followed by a 4-week washout period. @entity1 received doses of either 75 or 150 mg daily, depending on their concomitant @entity734 ( @entity734 ). Long-term continuation was offered at the end of the study with open-label LTG. RESULTS: Five centres in Australia recruited 26 @entity1 who were having absence, @entity2045 , or generalized @entity410 or a combination of these. Twenty-two @entity1 completed the study. There was a significant reduction in frequency of both @entity410 types with LTG. A 350% decrease in @entity410 was observed for @entity410 in 50% of cases and for @entity2048 in 33% of evaluable cases. @entity1910 was the only adverse effect causing discontinuation. Twenty-three of 26 opted for open-label LTG, with 20 still receiving LTG for a mean of 26 months. In these 20, 80% had > or =50% @entity410 reduction and five (25%) were @entity410 free. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that LTG is effective add-on therapy in @entity1 with refractory generalised @entity302 . Statistically significant reduction in @entity410 in both absence and tonic-clonic @entity410 types was seen even with low doses of LTG.

title: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of @entity2812 in treatment-resistant generalised XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'tonic-clonic and absence seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['Lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']