abstract: This work was mainly studied the effects of the four alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma on the @entity19 peritoneal macrophages in vitro and preliminarily discussed the regulating mechanisms. The effect of alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma on the vitality of macrophages was measured by the @entity98 assay. The effect of alkaloids on the phagocytosis of macrophages was determined by neutral red trial and respiratory burst activity was tested by NBT. The expressions of respiratory-burst-associated genes influenced by alkaloids were detected by qRT-PCR. The conformation change of membrane protein in macrophages by the impact of alkaloids was studied by fluorospectro-photometer. Results showed that the four alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma could increase the phagocytosis of macrophages in different level and @entity7652 had the best effect. @entity7652 , @entity34683 and @entity12598 had up-regulation effects on respiratory burst activity of @entity19 peritoneal macrophages stimulated by @entity4515 and regulatory activity on the mRNA expression of PKC, @entity34684 or @entity19994 , whereas the @entity34685 had no significant influence on respiratory burst. Moreover, alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma could change the conformation of membrane protein and the @entity7652 showed the strongest activity. The results suggested that the four alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma might activate macrophages through changing the conformation of membrane protein of macrophages and then enhanced the phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity of macrophages. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of alkaloids on the respiratory burst activity of macrophages may be also related to the expression level of PKC, @entity34684 and @entity19994 .

title: [Effects of alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma on XXXX peritoneal macrophages in vitro].

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine', 'Berberine']

entities_list: @entity34685 :: ('MESH:C061432', 'Chemical') :: ['epiberberine']

entities_list: @entity34683 :: ('MESH:C034384', 'Chemical') :: ['coptisine']

entities_list: @entity12598 :: ('MESH:C005413', 'Chemical') :: ['palmatine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: 1. The responses as a function of stimulus level of 125 single units in the inferior colliculus of anesthetized @entity468 were studied with the use of free-field acoustic stimuli. 2. The @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ; frequency at which threshold was lowest) of each unit was determined, and stimuli were presented from one of three speaker positions: 45 degrees contralateral to the midline, midline, and 45 degrees ipsilateral to the midline. 3. For each unit a variety of stimulus levels was presented at @entity2198 , and the total spike count was summed for 20 stimuli at each level. If time permitted, a similar series of levels of noise was presented. 4. Four classes of rate-level (RL) functions were observed. Monotonic increases in firing rate were observed in 10% of units stimulated with @entity2198 stimuli and 57% of units studied with noise. Nonmonotonic RL functions, for which firing first increased and then declined to less than 50% of the peak level, were observed in 61% of units responding to @entity2198 tones and in 10% responding to noise. Plateau functions, with shapes lying between these, accounted for 19% of @entity2198 responses and the remaining units excited by noise. Some very complex shapes that could not be categorized into the above groups were seen in the remaining 10% of the units responding to @entity2198 stimuli. 5. The RL functions of units studied with both noise and @entity2198 tones could belong to different classes; commonly, nonmonotonic RL functions to tones were associated with monotonic RL functions to noise. The noise thresholds averaged 10 dB, some 10-20 dB less sensitive than those to @entity2198 stimuli. 6. For the vast majority of both noise and tone responses, stimuli from the contralateral location were more effective than those from the other two positions in terms of a lower threshold, higher peak discharge rate, and, for nonmonotonic units, a lower sound level at which the function became nonmonotonic (turnover point). 7. The turnover points of nonmonotonic functions at any given @entity2198 could be spread broadly but, overall, tended to be concentrated between -6 and 44 dB. 8. The dynamic ranges (range of levels over which firing rate increased) were larger for monotonic and plateau functions than for nonmonotonic functions, which had dynamic ranges less than 45 dB. The median dynamic range for units stimulated with @entity2198 tones was 20 dB and for noise stimuli, 40 dB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Rate-level functions of neurons in the inferior colliculus of XXXX measured with the use of free-field sound stimuli.

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['characteristic frequency', 'CF']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In an earlier study, we identified a locus for @entity7025 ( @entity7025 ) on 17q25.3. METHODS: Linkage analysis and fine mapping were conducted for two new families in additional to the previously studied 15 families. Three genes, @entity27280 , @entity27281 , and @entity27282 , were selected based on key words, namely, " @entity32 ", "apoptosis", "proliferation", and "vascular system", for further sequencing. A segregation analysis of 34 pedigrees was performed, followed by a case-control study in Japanese (90 cases vs. 384 controls), Korean (41 cases vs. 223 controls), Chinese (23 cases and 100 controls), and Caucasian (25 cases and 164 controls) populations. RESULTS: Linkage analysis increased the LOD score from 8.07 to 9.67 on 17q25.3. Fine mapping narrowed the linkage signal to a 2.1-Mb region. Sequencing revealed that only one newly identified polymorphism, @entity27283 , which was located at position -1480 from the transcription site of the @entity27281 gene, was common to all four unrelated sequenced familial affected individuals. @entity27283 was then shown to segregate in the 34 pedigrees studied, resulting in a two-point LOD score of 14.2 (P  =  3.89     10(-8)). Its penetrance was estimated to be 74.0%. Among the Asian populations tested (Japanese, Korean, and Chinese), the rare allele was much more frequent in cases (26, 33, and 4%, respectively) than in controls (1, 1, and 0%, respectively) and was associated with an increased odds ratio of 52.2 (95% confidence interval 27.2-100.2) (P  =  2.5     10(-49)). This allele was, however, not detected in the Caucasian samples. Its population attributable risk was estimated to be 49% in the Japanese population, 66% in the Korean population, and 9% in the Chinese population. CONCLUSION: @entity27283 may confer susceptibility to @entity7025 among East Asian populations. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12199-009-0116-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

title: A rare Asian founder polymorphism of XXXX may explain the high prevalence of @entity7025 among East Asians and its low prevalence among Caucasians.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Moyamoya disease', 'MMD']

answer: @entity27281 :: (57521,Gene) :: ['Raptor']


abstract: 1. Morphological studies have demonstrated @entity2537 in proximity to the sphincter of Oddi, and opiates are known to contract this sphincter. In this study, the flow resistances in the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct sphincters were studied simultaneously in anaesthetized @entity468 using a perfusion technique. 2. @entity1510 did not affect the activity of these sphincters under basal conditions, indicating that there is no basal enkephalinergic tone. 3. The response to @entity29591 (0.015-15 micrograms/kg), @entity1286 (1 mg/kg) and @entity3652 (10 mg/kg) was a @entity1510 -sensitive increased activity in the sphincters with a raised frequency of phasic contractions. The threshold dose for an effect of @entity29591 on the sphincter of Oddi was 0.015 microgram/kg and a maximal response was observed at 0.75 microgram/kg. There were no differences in the response of the main pancreatic duct sphincter and the bile duct sphincter to the different drugs. 4. Immunoautoradiographic studies demonstrated enkephalinase in the sphincter++ of Oddi. 5. @entity19353 (3 mg/kg intravenously), which inhibits endogenous enkephalinase both in the peripheral and the central nervous system when administered parenterally, caused a @entity1510 -sensitive contraction, whereas @entity12064 (3-20 mg/kg), an enkephalinase inhibitor that does not easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier, had no effect on the sphincter of Oddi. 6. These results show that endogenous and exogenous opiates influence the function of the feline sphincter of Oddi and that enkephalins may be involved in the physiological control of this sphincter, although not under basal conditions.

title: Location of enkephalinase and functional effects of XXXX and inhibition of enkephalinase in the feline main pancreatic and bile duct sphincters.

entities_list: @entity29591 :: ('MESH:D004743', 'Chemical') :: ['[Leu5]enkephalin']

entities_list: @entity12064 :: ('MESH:D015244', 'Chemical') :: ['thiorphan']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['enkephalinergic nerve fibres']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity19353 :: ('MESH:C049331', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetorphan']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity29591 :: (MESH:D004743,Chemical) :: ['[Leu5]enkephalin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A fetus having partial trisomy of the distal part of chromosome 21q due to a de novo translocation is reported here. METHOD: A 29-year-old @entity1 received amniocentesis at 18 weeks of gestation because of abnormal ultrasound findings including bilateral choroid plexus cysts, @entity474 , @entity19312 , and possible @entity1276 . RESULTS: Cytogenetic analysis revealed 46,XY, add(1)(p36.3), in which an additional material of unknown origin was attached to one of the terminal short arms of chromosome 1. Parental blood studies showed normal karyotypes in both parents. Spectral karyotyping was then performed and the origin of the additional material locating at chromosome 1p was found to be from chromosome 21. Conventional fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was also used and confirmed the spectral karyotyping findings by use of a chromosome 21 specific painting probe, a locus specific probe localized within bands 21q22.13-q22.2 and a 21q subtelomeric probe. A hidden @entity1467 caused by a de novo translocation in this fetus was therefore diagnosed and the karyotype was designated as 46,XY, der(1)t(1;21)(p36.3;q22.1).ish der(1)(WCP21+, LSI 21+, 1pTEL-, 21q TEL+) de novo. Clinical features of the 1p36 deletion syndrome are also reviewed and may contribute to some features of this fetus. Termination of pregnancy was performed at 20 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, our case appears to be the first to have @entity25784 and @entity3769 caused by de novo translocation being diagnosed prenatally.

title: Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus affected with XXXX and deletion 1p36 syndrome by fluorescence in situ hybridization and spectral karyotyping.

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity3769 :: ('MESH:D014314', 'Disease') :: ['partial trisomy 21q']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity19312 :: ('MESH:C536345', 'Disease') :: ['rocker-bottom feet']

entities_list: @entity25784 :: ('MESH:C535591', 'Disease') :: ['partial monosomy 1p']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity980 in the orbit form a major challenge in terms of cure without severe side effects in @entity5 . Our specifically developed approach consists of applying brachytherapy to the @entity5 area using a mold. Analysis of its results for 20 @entity1 was performed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirteen @entity1 were referred for brachytherapy if complete remission was not reached after chemotherapy (Group I) and 7 in case of relapse (Group II). In total, 20 @entity1 were treated between 1991 and 2007. Four were female and 16 male; their ages varied from 1.1 to 16.5 years, with an average of 8.5 years. After macroscopically radical @entity5 resection, molds with holes drilled to hold flexible catheters were placed into the orbit. The dose to the clinical target volume was 40-50 Gy. RESULTS: Three @entity1 of Group I and 1 @entity1 of Group II developed local recurrence and underwent exenteration. The progression-free survival in Group I is 71.9% (95% CI 0.44-1.0), in Group II 85.7% (95% CI 0.60-1.0), the overall 5-year survival rate of the entire group is 92% (95% CI 0.76-1.0). During treatment, no serious side effects were observed. The late complications encountered in this series were @entity231 in 2 @entity1 , 1 of whom also developed mild @entity989 . Two @entity1 with @entity1736 needed surgical correction. No @entity79 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This entire procedure of brachytherapy with a mold offers a tailor-made treatment for @entity17430 with only few signs of late @entity137 .

title: Brachytherapy as part of the multidisciplinary treatment of childhood XXXX of the orbit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17430 :: ('MESH:C537605', 'Disease') :: ['orbital rhabdomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['facial asymmetries or bone growth anomalies']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyosarcomas']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcomas']


abstract: The major objective of personalized medicine is to select optimized drug therapies and to a large degree such mission is determined by the expression profiles of cytochrome(s) P450 ( @entity29379 ). Accordingly, a proteomic case study in personalized medicine is provided by the superfamily of cytochromes P450. Our knowledge about @entity29379 isozyme expression on a protein level is very limited and based exclusively on DNA/mRNA derived data. Such information is not sufficient because transcription and translation events do not lead to correlated levels of expressed proteins. Here we report expression profiles of CYPs in @entity1 liver obtained by mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic approach. We analyzed 32 samples of @entity1 liver microsomes (HLM) of different sexes, ages and ethnicity along with samples of recombinant @entity1 CYPs. We have experimentally confirmed that each @entity29379 isozyme can be effectively differentiated by their unique isozyme-specific tryptic peptide(s). Trypsin digestion patterns for almost 30 @entity1 @entity29379 isozymes were established. Those findings should assist in selecting tryptic peptides suitable for MS-based quantitation. The data obtained demonstrate remarkable differences in @entity29379 expression profiles. @entity5321 , @entity12327 and @entity9206 were the only isozymes found in all HLM samples. Female and pediatric HLM samples revealed much more diverse spectrum of expressed CYPs isozymes compared to male HLM. We have confirmed expression of a number of "rare" @entity29379 ( @entity29379 , @entity3869 , @entity8443 , @entity12325 , @entity29380 , @entity6329 , @entity4819 , @entity29381 and @entity17283 ) and obtained first direct experimental data showing expression of such CYPs as @entity5875 , @entity29382 , @entity5877 , @entity29383 , @entity29384 , and @entity4884 on a protein level.

title: Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of XXXX liver cytochrome(s) P450.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Abbott RealTime High Risk HPV test (RealTime) is a novel assay designed to detect 14 high-risk @entity1082 genotypes (hr-HPV) and concurrently distinguish @entity1799 and HPV-18 from other hr-HPV within a single test. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate analytical specificity and clinical sensitivity for @entity2622 and @entity3146 grade 3 (CIN3) of the RealTime test in comparison with the Digene Hybrid Capture II Test ( @entity14043 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical specificity of the RealTime assay was evaluated on 37 samples with previously determined @entity14043 false-positive results due to cross-reactivity of the @entity14043 high-risk probe cocktail with untargeted low-risk HPV genotypes. All 37 samples were negative for 14 hr-HPV using the RealTime test. Clinical sensitivity of RealTime was evaluated in comparison to @entity14043 on 95 and 267 archived routine cervical specimens collected from @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity2622 and @entity3146 , respectively. Archived specimens were selected for the present study after linkage with the Slovenian national registry of CIN3 and cervical @entity5 to obtain histology data. RESULTS: Concordant results between RealTime and @entity14043 were obtained in 90/95 cervical @entity5 samples (94.7% agreement) and in 250/267 CIN3 samples (93.6% agreement). Clinical sensitivity of RealTime and @entity14043 for cervical @entity5 in the total study cohort was 88.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 80.3-93.6%) and 87.3% (95% CI: 79.0-92.8%), respectively, and analytical sensitivity for samples containing at least one targeted hr-HPV was 98.8% (95% CI: 93.0-100.0%) and 95.3% (95% CI: 88.2-98.5%), respectively. Clinical sensitivity of RealTime and @entity14043 for @entity3146 of the total study cohort was 91.8% (95% CI: 87.8-94.5%) and 89.1% (95% CI: 84.8-92.3%), respectively, and analytical sensitivity for samples containing at least one targeted hr-HPV was 96.4% (95% CI: 93.3-98.2%) and 92.5% (95% CI: 88.5-95.2%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The RealTime test showed excellent analytical specificity and no cross-reactivity with low risk HPV genotypes that tested positive with @entity14043 . Clinical sensitivity of the RealTime assay using archived routine cervical specimens was comparable to @entity14043 . The RealTime test is an important new method applicable to @entity2622 screening and management of cervical @entity1613 .

title: The Abbott RealTime High Risk HPV test: comparative evaluation of analytical specificity and clinical sensitivity for XXXX and CIN 3 lesions with the Hybrid Capture 2 HPV DNA test.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN3 lesions']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: Molecular imaging of angiogenesis requires a highly specific and efficient contrast agent for targeting activated endothelium. We have previously demonstrated that paramagnetic and fluorescent liposomes functionalized with two angiogenesis-specific ligands, the @entity27640 -specific anginex ( @entity27641 ) and the a(v)b(3) integrin-specific @entity14427 , produce synergistic targeting effect in vitro. In the current study, we applied @entity27641 and @entity14427 dual-conjugated liposomes ( @entity27641 / @entity14427 ) for angiogenesis-specific MRI in vivo, focusing on the specificity and efficacy of liposome association with @entity5 endothelium. The targeting properties, clearance kinetics and biodistribution of @entity27641 / @entity14427 were investigated in B16F10 melanoma-bearing @entity19 , and compared to liposomes functionalized with either @entity27641 ( @entity27641 ) or @entity14427 ( @entity14427 ). The contrast enhancement produced by dual- and single-targeted nanoparticles in the @entity5 was measured using in vivo T(1)-weighted MRI, complemented by ex vivo immunohistochemical evaluation of @entity5 tissues. Blood clearance kinetics of @entity27641 / @entity14427 was three-fold more rapid than for @entity14427 , but comparable to @entity27641 . Both dual- and single-targeted liposomes produced similar changes in MRI contrast parameters in @entity5 with high inter- @entity5 variability (/\R(1)=0.04  0.03s(-1), 24h post-contrast). Importantly, however, the specificity of @entity27641 / @entity14427 association with @entity5 endothelium of 53  6%, assessed by fluorescence microscopy, was significantly higher compared to 43  9% (P=0.043) and 28  8% (P=0.0001) of @entity27641 and @entity14427 , respectively. In contrast, long-circulating @entity14427 were on average 16% more efficient in targeting @entity5 endothelium compared to @entity27641 / @entity14427 . Significant differences were also found in the biodistribution of investigated contrast agents. In conclusion, synergistic targeting of a(v)b(3) and @entity27640 improved the specificity of the association of the liposomal contrast agent to @entity5 endothelium in vivo, providing therefore a more reliable MRI readout of the angiogenic activity.

title: Dual-targeting of avb3 and @entity27640 improves the specificity of paramagnetic/fluorescent liposomes to XXXX endothelium in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 who sustain @entity409 is the most frequently injured organ. Although treatment for haemodynamically unstable @entity1 remains urgent surgery, there has been a shift of management in haemodynamacally stable @entity1 towards non-operative management. We performed an outcome assessment of traumatic @entity99 . METHODS: A retrospective study was performed to assess incidence, mechanisms, management and outcome of @entity99 in the region of 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, in the period 1999-2007. RESULTS: A total of 47 @entity1 were identified. Thirty-six @entity1 had blunt @entity99 , eleven sustained penetrating @entity99 . In 67% (n = 24) of the blunt @entity99 @entity1 the initial intention was to treat non-operatively. Yet, two @entity1 underwent explorative laparotomy after one and two days. In the penetrating liver @entity130 @entity1 , 91% (n = 10) underwent urgent surgery. In total, 31 of 47 @entity1 were treated conservatively. CONCLUSION: Blunt @entity99 is the most common cause of @entity99 . Most @entity1 sustaining @entity99 can be managed conservatively at a dedicated ICU and/or surgical @entity130 ward.

title: Management of XXXX : a 9-year experience in 's-Hertogenbosch.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma the liver']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic liver injury', 'hepatic injury', 'hepatic trauma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) has been linked to poor health outcomes, including diminished quality and length of life. This condition is characterized by high @entity4613 levels and requires @entity4613 -lowering agents- @entity4613 binders. The objective of this systematic review is to compare the effects of available @entity4613 binders on @entity1 -important outcomes in @entity1 with @entity740 . METHODS: Data sources included MEDLINE and EMBASE Trials from 1996 to February 2016. We also searched the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials up to April 2016. Teams of two reviewers, independently and in duplicate, screened titles and abstracts and potentially eligible full text reports to determine eligibility, and subsequently abstracted data and assessed risk of bias in eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Eligible trials enrolled @entity1 with @entity740 , randomized them to receive @entity460 (delivered as @entity18279 , @entity13621 or @entity4959 ), non- @entity460 -based @entity4613 binders (NCBPB) ( @entity11649 , @entity11649 , @entity19006 , @entity31613 and @entity17391 ), @entity3151 restricted diet, placebo or no treatment, and reported effects on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality or hospitalization at >= 4 weeks follow-up. We performed network meta-analyses (NMA) for all cause-mortality for individual agents (seven-node analysis) and conventional meta-analysis of @entity460 vs. NCBPBs for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization. In the NMAs, we calculated the effect estimates for direct, indirect and network meta-analysis estimates; for both NMA and conventional meta-analysis, we pooled treatment effects as risk ratios (RR) and calculated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random effect models. We used the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to rate the quality of evidence for each paired comparison. RESULTS: Our search yielded 1190 citations, of which 71 RCTs were retrieved for full review and 15 proved eligible. With 13 eligible studies from a prior review, we included 28 studies with 8335 @entity1 ; 25 trials provided data for our quantitative synthesis. Results suggest higher mortality with @entity460 than either sevelamer (NMA RR, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.02 to 3.50], moderate quality evidence) or NCBPBs (conventional meta-analysis RR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.21 to 2.56, moderate quality evidence). Conventional meta-analysis suggested no difference in cardiovascular mortality between @entity460 and NCBPBs (RR, 2.54 [95% CI, 0.67 to 9.62 low quality evidence). Our results suggest higher hospitalization, although non-significant, with @entity460 than NCBPBs (RR, 1.293 [95% CI, 0.94 to 1.74, moderate quality evidence). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: Use of @entity460 results in higher mortality than either sevelamer in particular and NCBPBs in general (moderate quality evidence). Our results raise questions about whether administration of @entity460 as an intervention for CKD- MBD remains ethical. Further research is needed to explore the effects of different types of @entity4613 binders, including novel agents such as @entity68 , on quality and quantity of life. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD-42016032945.

title: Comparative Effectiveness of XXXX Binders in @entity1 with @entity740 : A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18279 :: ('MESH:C120662', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium acetate']

entities_list: @entity17391 :: ('MESH:C025314', 'Chemical') :: ['ferric citrate']

entities_list: @entity19006 :: ('MESH:C119467', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum carbonate']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD-MBD', 'Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder']

entities_list: @entity13621 :: ('MESH:D019355', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium citrate']

entities_list: @entity31613 :: ('MESH:C000599459', 'Chemical') :: ['sucroferric oxyhydroxide']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity11649 :: ('MESH:C405346', 'Chemical') :: ['sevelamer carbonate', 'sevelamer hydrochloride']

answer: @entity4613 :: (D010710,Chemical) :: ['Phosphate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : Excessive @entity2318 formation caused by @entity1423 is of great clinical importance during skin wound healing. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote skin regeneration, but whether MSCs contribute to @entity2318 formation remains undefined. We found that umbilical cord-derived MSCs (uMSCs) reduced @entity2318 formation and myofibroblast accumulation in a skin-defect @entity19 model. We found that these functions were mainly dependent on uMSC-derived exosomes (uMSC-Exos) and especially exosomal microRNAs. Through high-throughput RNA sequencing and functional analysis, we demonstrated that a group of uMSC-Exos enriched in specific microRNAs ( @entity766 , -23a, -125b, and -145) played key roles in suppressing myofibroblast formation by inhibiting the transforming growth factor-b2/ @entity14570 pathway. Finally, using the strategy we established to block miRNAs inside the exosomes, we showed that these specific exosomal miRNAs were essential for the myofibroblast-suppressing and anti- @entity2318 functions of uMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Our study revealed a novel role of exosomal miRNAs in uMSC-mediated therapy, suggesting that the clinical application of uMSC-derived exosomes might represent a strategy to prevent @entity2318 formation during wound healing. SIGNIFICANCE: Exosomes have been identified as a new type of major paracrine factor released by umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs). They have been reported to be an important mediator of cell-to-cell communication. However, it is still unclear precisely which molecule or group of molecules carried within MSC-derived exosomes can mediate myofibroblast functions, especially in the process of wound repair. The present study explored the functional roles of uMSC-exosomal microRNAs in the process of myofibroblast formation, which can cause excessive @entity2318 . This is an unreported function of uMSC exosomes. Also, for the first time, the uMSC-exosomal microRNAs were examined by high-throughput sequencing, with a group of specific microRNAs ( @entity766 , @entity32181 , miR-125b, and @entity30980 ) found to play key roles in suppressing myofibroblast formation by inhibiting excess a-smooth muscle actin and collagen deposition associated with activity of the transforming growth @entity7900 / @entity14570 signaling pathway.

title: Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Suppress Myofibroblast Differentiation by Inhibiting the Transforming Growth XXXX / @entity14570 Pathway During Wound Healing.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['myofibroblast aggregations']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['scarring', 'scar']

answer: @entity7900 :: (14962(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Factor-b']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is associated with @entity32 and postprandial @entity2298 . Xuezhikang, an extract of Cholestin, a dietary supplement, has lipid-modulating and antiinflammatory effects. We explored the effects of xuezhikang on endothelial function and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively randomized 50 @entity301 @entity1 to xuezhikang 1200 mg/d or placebo for 6 weeks. Fasting hs-CRP concentrations, @entity450 ( @entity450 ) at 0 and 4 hours, and lipid parameters at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours were monitored after a high-fat meal (800 calories; 50 g fat) in all @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent a high-fat meal test at the beginning of the study and after 6 weeks of treatment. Postprandial @entity450 was significantly worse at 4 hours after a high-fat meal (P<0.05), and this was associated with the area under the @entity412 curve (TG-AUC) (r=0.345, P<0.01). After 6 weeks of xuezhikang, fasting hs-CRP levels and TG-AUC (P<0.001 for each) decreased. Furthermore, preprandial and postprandial @entity450 significantly improved (P<0.001). There were no significant changes in serum lipids and @entity450 in the placebo arm. In multivariable regression analysis, changes in TG-AUC and fasting hs-CRP levels were predictive of improvement in preprandial @entity450 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Xuezhikang effectively improved preprandial and postprandial endothelial function through its potent antiinflammatory and lipid-lowering effects.

title: Xuezhikang, an extract of cholestin, protects endothelial function through antiinflammatory and lipid-lowering mechanisms in XXXX with @entity301 .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated vasodilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a perfluorochemical emulsion, @entity27533 , with short-term high inspired @entity26 tension as an adjuvant to radiation therapy in the treatment of high-grade @entity5 of the brain. Radiation was delivered to the whole brain at 1.8 Gy per daily treatment for 5 weeks to a total dose of 45 Gy. The radiation portals were then reduced in size to encompass the known volume of @entity5 , as determined by the presurgical contrast-enhancing ring on computed tomography (CT), plus a 3-cm margin. An additional 10 treatments of 2 Gy each were given to the smaller volume, to bring the total @entity5 dose to 65 Gy in 7 weeks. This report describes the experience of the first 18 @entity1 treated at the University of Kansas Medical Center on this study, whose median follow-up time from the date of surgery is 77 weeks (62-115 w). Immediately following @entity27533 administration on a Monday, @entity1 breathed 100% @entity26 for at least 45 minutes prior to and throughout their radiation treatment. On each subsequent day of the weeks in which they received @entity27533 , @entity1 breathed 100% @entity26 . Hematology and blood chemistries were also drawn prior to @entity27533 treatment each Friday during treatment and at the 2-week, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up visits. The median age of the @entity1 was 45 years (16-72); 13 @entity1 were male and 15 carried the diagnosis of @entity463 multiforme (3 had @entity816 ). Two thirds of the @entity1 had an @entity56 to the @entity27533 consisting of @entity615 , @entity1353 , and @entity1671 , but all responded to 50-100 mg of @entity3933 . During radiation therapy, all @entity1 developed scalp erythema and complete alopecia by the end of 3 weeks, but no @entity1 required a treatment rest. The serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, and alkaline phosphatase were examined before and throughout the @entity27533 treatment and, by week 5, 11/18 of the @entity1 had increased values of all three enzymes above the upper range of normal. These increases persisted through the end of treatment, but most values returned to essentially normal by the 3-month follow-up visit. We conclude that @entity27533 , given in the manner described above, appears to be associated with minimal significant side effects and no changes could be detected in the white matter of any of the @entity1 at the time of their magnetic resonance imaging study at 6 months follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: A phase I/II study of the use of XXXX as an adjuvant to radiation therapy in the treatment of primary high-grade brain tumors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['Benadryl']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['initial allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity27533 :: (MESH:C050455,Chemical) :: ['Fluosol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with light chain ( @entity1582 ) @entity2783 who present with severe @entity712 due to cardiac involvement rarely survive more than 6 months. Survival after cardiac transplantation is markedly reduced due to the progression of @entity2783 . Autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) has become a common therapy for @entity1582 , but there is an exceedingly high treatment-related mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: We developed a treatment strategy of cardiac transplant followed by ASCT. Twenty-six @entity1 were evaluated, and of 18 eligible @entity1 , nine @entity1 underwent cardiac transplantation. Eight of these @entity1 subsequently received an ASCT. RESULTS: Six of seven evaluable @entity1 achieved a complete hematologic remission, and one achieved a partial remission. At a median follow-up of 56 months from cardiac transplant, five of seven @entity1 are alive without recurrent @entity2783 . Their survival is comparable with 17,389 @entity1 who received heart transplants for nonamyloid heart disease: 64% in nonamyloid vs. 60% in amyloid @entity1 at 7 years (P=0.83). Seven of eight transplanted @entity1 have had no evidence of amyloid in their cardiac allograft. CONCLUSIONS: This demonstrates that cardiac transplantation followed by ASCT is feasible in selected @entity1 with @entity1582 and @entity712 , and that such a strategy may lead to improved overall survival.

title: Cardiac transplantation followed by dose-intensive melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation for light chain @entity2783 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine variations in management of @entity548 and associated costs from a national third-party payer perspective. STUDY DESIGN: The MarketScan database was analyzed for claims made for 30 days following tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy between 2008 and 2012 for privately insured @entity1 aged 1 to 17 years. Costs for management of @entity86 by age, sex, and region were calculated in addition to total costs incurred for 30 days postoperatively. SETTING: MarketScan database. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Database study. RESULTS: A total of 305,860 @entity1 were included. Overall, 0.3% had a postoperative bleed that required treatment but not surgical intervention or admission for hospitalization; 0.2% had one that required hospitalization; and 0.8% had one that required surgical intervention. The mean 30-day costs were  7660 for postoperative bleed that required surgery or hospitalization,  4580 for outpatient treatment, and  370 for no postoperative bleed. @entity1 between 11 and 17 years old were most likely to have interventions for @entity86 but had the lowest mean costs for them ( 7320 for hospital based,  3860 for outpatient). There were regional differences in costs for in- @entity1 management of @entity548 , with highest costs in the West, with a mean of  8850, versus the South, with a mean of  7160. CONCLUSIONS: There are geographic and demographic variations in managing @entity548 and in the costs associated with management on a national level.

title: XXXX : Demographic and Geographic Variation in Health Care Costs in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage', 'postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric posttonsillectomy hemorrhage', 'bleeds']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recently, a novel cooling pad was developed for rapid induction of mild @entity2332 after @entity1167 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the cooling efficacy of three different pad designs for in-hospital cooling. METHODS: Included in this prospective interventional study were @entity1 with esophageal temperature (Tes) > 34 degrees C on admission. The cooling pad consists of multiple cooling units, filled with a combination of @entity15583 and water, which is precooled to -18 degrees C (design A) or to -9 degrees C (designs B and C) before use. The designs of the cooling pad differed in number, shape, and thickness of the cooling units, with weights of 9.7 kg (design A), 5.3 kg (design B), and 6.2 kg (design C). All three designs were tested in sequential order and were changed according to the results found in the previous trial. Cooling was started after admission until Tes = 34 degrees C, when the cooling pad was removed. The target temperature of Tes = 32-34 degrees C was maintained for 24 hours. Data are presented as medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs = 25%-75%) or proportions. RESULTS: Cooling rates were 3.4 degrees C/hour (IQR = 2.5-3.7) with design A (n = 12), 2.8 degrees C/hour (IQR = 1.6-3.3) with design B (n = 7), and 2.9 degrees C/hour (IQR = 1.9-3.6) with design C (n = 10; p = 0.5). To reach 34 degrees C, the cooling pad had to be exchanged with a new one due to melting and therefore depleting cooling capacity in three @entity1 with design A, in five @entity1 with design B, and in no @entity1 with design C (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: With adequate design and storage temperature, the cooling pad proved to be efficient for rapid in-hospital cooling of @entity1 resuscitated from @entity1167 .

title: Surface cooling for rapid induction of mild XXXX after @entity1167 : design determines efficacy.

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the survival of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 treated with single-agent @entity7324 , thoracic radiotherapy, or both treatment modalities. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, phase III trial. SETTING: Multi-institutional, university-based national cooperative oncology group. @entity1 : The study included 319 @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity1149 who had no evidence of extrathoracic @entity3 . All @entity1 were ambulatory and had measurable disease. Some @entity1 could not have surgery because of coexisting medical conditions. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity7324 , 3 mg/m2 body surface area weekly; standard thoracic radiotherapy, 60 Gy over 6 weeks; or both @entity7324 and thoracic radiotherapy. @entity7324 was administered for 6 weeks and then every other week to @entity1 who had no disease progression. @entity1 who developed @entity74 while receiving @entity7324 or radiotherapy alone were crossed over to radiotherapy or @entity7324 , respectively. Response assessment took place at week 6. RESULTS: The overall response rate was superior in the radiotherapy arms (radiotherapy alone, 30%; radiotherapy plus @entity7324 , 34%; @entity7324 alone, 10%; P = 0.001). However, with a minimum follow-up of 42 months, no improvement in survival has been seen with radiotherapy. The median survival was 8.6 months for @entity1 receiving radiotherapy alone, 9.4 months for those receiving radiotherapy plus @entity7324 , and 10.1 months for those receiving @entity7324 (P = 0.58). Radiotherapy also failed to improve long-term survival. The 5-year survivals were 3%, 3%, and 1%, respectively (P = 0.56). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1149 who have inoperable, nonmetastatic disease gain no clinically meaningful survival advantage with immediate thoracic irradiation, even when modern megavoltage radiation therapy techniques and equipment are used.

title: Thoracic radiotherapy does not prolong survival in @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['Vindesine', 'vindesine']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The opioid antagonist @entity836 was administered to female @entity35 during the late juvenile period, and its effects on sexual maturation were studied. @entity836 treatment (2.5 or 20 mg/kg; four daily injections at 2-h intervals) at 28-32 days of age advanced first ovulation in about 55% of the @entity35 . When @entity836 (20 mg/kg) was administered at 30-34 days of age, 75% of the @entity35 responded. In these @entity35 , first ovulation was advanced by 3.4 days and their body weight was 15.1 g lower than in control @entity35 at first ovulation (p less than 0.01). Similar @entity836 treatment at younger (starting on Day 24 or 26) or older (starting on Day 32 or 34) ages did not advance first ovulation. The numbers of ova released in advanced, nonadvanced, and control @entity35 were similar. A significant increase in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration was seen 15 min after @entity836 injection (20 mg/kg) at all ages studied; the increase was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) at 30 days of age than before or after that age. Relatively high response to @entity836 (2.5 mg/kg) was seen from 8 to 4 days before first ovulation. Taken together, these data suggest that during the late juvenile stage (8 - 4 days before first ovulation) endogenous peptides critically restrict LH secretion and may constitute a hypothalamic restraint on the onset of puberty. However, changes in pituitary responsiveness to @entity7438 may be part of the mechanism behind the high LH response to @entity836 in @entity35 during the late juvenile stage.

title: Advancement of first ovulation by the opioid antagonist XXXX .

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone', 'Naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity7438 :: ('25194(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone']

answer: @entity836 :: (MESH:D009271,Chemical) :: ['naltrexone']


abstract: Lead ( @entity10781 ) affects neuronal and endocrine systems that influence social interactions. By providing potential hiding locations, spatial heterogeneity may affect @entity10781 -induced behavioral outcomes. Therefore, a test chamber was designed into which a refuge could be inserted. The refuge allowed test subjects to escape from the mirror image that stimulated agonistic interactions. Behaviors with a mirror were compared with baseline activity patterns without a mirror. Adult (12-month old) male and female @entity3392 , exposed to @entity10781 (0-10    M) as embryos (2-24 hours post fertilization), were tested individually for 5   min in each chamber design within 2   h of feeding. Behaviors were evaluated for % time in mirror zone, distance traveled (=activity level), and attacks on the mirror image. When there was no refuge, significant concentration-dependent increases occurred in male % time in mirror zone, activity level, and number of attacks. Increases in these variables were less pronounced in females. When there was a refuge, there were significant differences for males only in activity level and attacks at the higher developmental exposure concentrations; % time in mirror zone followed a similar pattern and level as without refuge. Females displayed @entity10781 -induced behavioral changes only for attacks on mirror. Since the presence of refuges that is, environmental enrichment, reduced @entity10781 -induced agonistic behavior in both sexes, experimental spatial design can be considered an important factor when interpreting behavioral outcomes.

title: Experimental design affects social behavior outcomes in adult XXXX developmentally exposed to lead.

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of effective herbal medicines in the management of @entity28 in @entity1 and animals. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and IranMedex databases were searched up to December 30, 2008. The search terms were " @entity28 " and ("herbal medicine" or "plant", "plant medicinal" or "medicine traditional") without @entity543 or limiting search elements. All of the @entity1 and animal studies on the effects of herbs with the key outcome of change in anthropometric measures such as body weight and waist-hip circumference, body fat, amount of food intake, and appetite were included. In vitro studies, reviews, and letters to editors were excluded. Of the publications identified in the initial database, 915 results were identified and reviewed, and a total of 77 studies were included (19 @entity1 and 58 animal studies). Studies with Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), Sambucus nigra, Asparagus officinalis, Garcinia atroviridis, ephedra and @entity5834 , Slimax (extract of several plants including Zingiber officinale and Bofutsushosan) showed a significant decrease in body weight. In 41 animal studies, significant @entity353 or inhibition of weight gain was found. No significant adverse effects or mortality were observed except in studies with supplements containing ephedra, @entity5834 and Bofutsushosan. In conclusion, compounds containing ephedra, CQ, @entity9052 , bitter @entity2487 , and zingiber were found to be effective in the management of @entity28 . Attention to these natural compounds would open a new approach for novel therapeutic and more effective agents.

title: A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['narrowing']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The increased risk of @entity0 ( @entity26253 ) among @entity1 receiving chest radiotherapy for @entity978 ( @entity978 ) is well-established. However, there are no large population-based studies that describe @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) compared with @entity1 with first primary @entity26253 . METHODS: For 298 @entity978 survivors who developed @entity26253 ( @entity978 - @entity26253 group) and 405,223 @entity1 with a first or only @entity26253 ( @entity26253 ), actuarial @entity1349 and @entity1349 were compared, accounting for age, @entity26253 stage, hormone receptor status, sociodemographic status, radiation for @entity978 , and other variables. All @entity1 were derived from the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. RESULTS: @entity1349 among @entity1 with @entity978 - @entity26253 was significantly inferior that of to @entity1 with @entity26253 -1: 15-year @entity1349 was 48% versus 69% (P < .0001) for localized @entity26253 , and 33% versus 43% (P < .0001) for regional/distant @entity26253 . @entity1 with @entity978 - @entity26253 had a significantly increased seven-fold risk (P < .0001) of @entity204 from other @entity5 (ie, not @entity978 or @entity26253 ) compared with @entity1 with @entity26253 -1. Mortality from @entity299 among @entity1 with @entity978 - @entity26253 with either localized or regional/distant disease was also significantly increased (hazard ratio = 2.22, P = .04; and hazard ratio = 4.28, P = .02, respectively) compared with @entity1 with @entity26253 -1. Although 10-year @entity26253 - @entity1349 was similar for @entity1 with @entity978 - @entity26253 and @entity26253 -1 with regional/distant disease, it was inferior for @entity1 with localized @entity26253 (82% v 88%, respectively; P = .002). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity978 may survive a subsequent diagnosis of @entity26253 , only to experience significant excesses of @entity204 from other primary @entity5 and @entity299 . Greater awareness of screening for @entity299 and subsequent primary @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity978 - @entity26253 is warranted.

title: Long-term survival among @entity1 with XXXX who developed @entity0 : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', "Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'CSS', 'cause-specific survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this prospective study was to determine whether sociological and/or @entity167 -related behavioral factors could be predictive of relapse after orthotopic liver transplantation for @entity5881 . METHODS: Fifty-five liver-transplanted @entity1 out of a series of 120 alcoholic cirrhotic @entity1 were enrolled in a randomized prospective study. This study was initially designed to compare the 2 year survival in intent-to-transplant @entity1 versus in-intent-to-use conventional treatment @entity1 . For all @entity1 , an identical questionnaire was completed at inclusion, and every 3 months for 5 years to collect data on @entity167 -related behavior factors. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 fulfilled the criteria for the study. The mean follow-up was 35.7 months (range: 1-86). Rate of @entity167 relapse was 11% at one year and 30% at 2 years. @entity167 intake above 140 g a week was declared by 11% and 22% of @entity1 at one and 2 years, respectively. The only variable leading to a significantly lower rate of relapse was abstinence for 6 months or more before liver transplantation (23% vs 79%, P=0.0003). This variable was also significant for @entity1 whose @entity167 intake was greater than 140 g per week (P=0.003) (adjusted relative risk=5.5; 95%CI=1.3-24.5; P=0.02). Multivariate analysis (Cox model) showed that abstinence for 6 months or more before liver transplantation was the unique predictive variable. CONCLUSION: In this prospective study of 51 @entity1 transplanted for @entity5881 , abstinence before liver transplantation was the only predictive factor of @entity167 relapse after liver transplantation.

title: Predictive factors of XXXX relapse after orthotopic liver transplantation for @entity5881 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of topical @entity205 0.05% (tCsA) and combined treatment with 1% @entity8745 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity936 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity936 who had not responded to conventional treatment were treated with tCsA for 3 months. Twenty-one subjects (Group 1) were treated with 1% @entity8745 and tCsA for the initial 3 weeks, and treated with tCsA only thereafter, and 23 subjects (Group 2) were treated with tCsA only. Symptom scores, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer score, and corneal and conjunctival @entity941 staining were evaluated before and at 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment. Proinflammatory factors, @entity650 ( @entity650 ), and @entity687 ( @entity687 ) tear concentration were measured before treatment and at 3 months. RESULTS: Symptom scores, Schirmer scores, TBUT score, corneal @entity941 , and conjunctival staining showed significant improvement at 1 month compared to baseline in group 1 (all P < 0.001), and all the same but few exceptions in group 2 (P = 0.002 on Schirmer, P = 0.267 on @entity267 stating). In symptom scores, Schirmer scores, and corneal staining, greater improvements were observed for group 1 at 1 month compared to group 2 (P < 0.001, P = 0.039, P = 0.01, respectively). However, in TBUT score and conjunctival staining, there were no between-group differences (P = 0.277, P = 0.254, respectively). The time interval from treatment initiation to symptom relief was shorter for group 1 than group 2. Both groups showed decreased tear @entity650 and @entity687 concentrations at 3 months compared to baseline levels (P < 0.05). However, no between-group differences were noted in mean concentrations of @entity650 and @entity687 at baseline and at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with tCsA appears to be safe and effective in moderate-to-severe @entity936 . Additional short-term use of a topical steroid had the benefit of providing faster symptom relief and improvement of ocular sign without serious complications.

title: Efficacy of combined 0.05% @entity205 and 1% methylprednisolone treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye', 'chronic dry eye']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl prednisolone acetate', 'methylprednisolone acetate']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['chronic dry eye']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cercospora kikuchii has long been considered the causal agent of Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) and purple seed stain (PSS) on @entity1460 , but a recent study found C. cf. flagellaris associated with CLB and PSS in Arkansas (United States) and Argentina. Here, we provide a broader perspective on the distribution of C. cf. flagellaris on @entity1460 and alternate hosts within the United States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Kansas). We used a multilocus phylogenetic approach with data from actin, @entity33979 , translation elongation factor 1-a, histone 3, the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and the mating-type locus to determine that two species, C. cf. flagellaris (200 of 205 isolates) and C. cf. sigesbeckiae (five of 205 isolates), are associated with CLB and PSS in the United States. In our phylogenetic analyses, species-level lineages were generally well-supported, though deeper-level evolutionary relationships remained unresolved, indicating that these genes do not possess sufficient phylogenetic signal to resolve the evolutionary history of Cercospora. We also investigated the potential for sexual reproduction in C. cf. flagellaris in Louisiana by determining the frequency of @entity33980 -1/ @entity33980 -2 mating-type idiomorphs within the Louisiana population of C. cf. flagellaris. Though the @entity33980 -2 idiomorph was significantly more common in our collection, the presence of both mating types suggests the potential for sexual reproduction exists.

title: Cercospora cf. flagellaris and Cercospora cf. sigesbeckiae Are Associated with Cercospora Leaf Blight and Purple Seed Stain on XXXX in North America.

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['Soybean']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2074 limits hand function, diminishes the quality of life, and may ultimately disable the hand. Surgery followed by hand therapy is standard treatment, but it is associated with serious potential complications. Injection of collagenase clostridium histolyticum, an office-based, nonsurgical option, may @entity1159 caused by @entity2074 . METHODS: We enrolled 308 @entity1 with joint @entity1159 of 20 degrees or more in this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. The primary metacarpophalangeal or proximal interphalangeal joints of these @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive up to three injections of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (at a dose of 0.58 mg per injection) or placebo in the contracted collagen cord at 30-day intervals. One day after injection, the joints were manipulated. The primary end point was a reduction in contracture to 0 to 5 degrees of full extension 30 days after the last injection. Twenty-six secondary end points were evaluated, and data on adverse events were collected. RESULTS: Collagenase treatment significantly improved outcomes. More cords that were injected with collagenase than cords injected with placebo met the primary end point (64.0% vs. 6.8%, P < 0.001), as well as all secondary end points (P < or = 0.002). Overall, the range of motion in the joints was significantly improved after injection with collagenase as compared with placebo (from 43.9 to 80.7 degrees vs. from 45.3 to 49.5 degrees, P < 0.001). The most commonly reported adverse events were localized swelling, @entity158 , @entity2981 , @entity111 , and transient regional lymph-node enlargement and @entity925 . Three treatment-related serious adverse events were reported: two @entity397 and one case of @entity158 . No significant changes in flexion or grip strength, no @entity56 , and no nerve injuries were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Collagenase clostridium histolyticum significantly reduced @entity1159 and improved the range of motion in joints affected by advanced @entity2074 . (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00528606.)

title: Injectable collagenase clostridium histolyticum for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon ruptures']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ["Dupuytren's disease"]

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'complex regional pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures', 'reduce joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity2074 :: (MESH:D004387,Disease) :: ['Dupuytren's contracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: @entity1 with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) have a 65% incidence of @entity548 events within the first year. The majority of @entity360 ( @entity360 ) is from @entity344 ( @entity344 ). The primary aim of the study was to determine whether GIADwas associated with a higher rate of significant @entity548 , an increased number of @entity548 events per year, and a higher rate of transfusion compared to non-GIADsources. @entity1 AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 118 individuals who received a LVADat a tertiary medical center from 2006 through 2014. @entity1 were subdivided into @entity360 and non- @entity360 for comparison of @entity1 demographics, comorbid conditions, and laboratory data. @entity360 was further divided into sources of @entity360 , @entity344 , obscure, or non-GIADto establish severity of @entity548 , rate of re- @entity548 , and transfusion rate. RESULTS: GIADis associated with an increased number of @entity548 events compared to non-GIADsources of @entity360 (2.07 vs 1.23, P=0.01) and a higher number of @entity548 events per year (0.806 vs. 0.455 P=0.001). GIADcompared to non-GIADsources of @entity360 was associated with an increased incidence of @entity548 (100% vs 60%, P=0.006) and increased rates of transfusion (8.8 vs 2.95 units, P=0.0004). Cox Regression analysis between non- @entity360 and GIADdemonstrated increased risk with age (P=0.001), history of @entity740 (P=0.005), and length of stay after LVADimplantation of more than 45 days (P=0.04). History of @entity101 (P=0.045), @entity6 (P=0.016), and male gender was associated with decreased risk (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with a continuous-flow LVADwho develop a @entity360 secondary to GIADhave a higher rate of @entity548 , multiple @entity548 events, and require more transfusions to achieve stabilization compared to @entity1 who do not have @entity344 .

title: @entity344 is associated with significant XXXX in @entity1 with continuous left ventricular assist devices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['major bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal angiodyplasia', 'GIAD']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GIB', 'gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: Newer treatment options for @entity22 include the non- @entity1245 hypnotics @entity2492 , @entity2492 -controlled release, @entity12124 , @entity9038 , @entity12122 and the @entity2493 receptor agonist, @entity12123 . These compounds are generally well tolerated and present favourable safety profiles in comparison with the older @entity1245 and @entity7353 . Commonly cited impairments of memory formation and decrements in psychomotor performance are related to the mechanism of action of hypnotics, and are both dose- and time-dependent. These effects typically are minimal on the morning following night-time administration. The non- @entity1245 are associated with some risk for @entity734 and abuse. However, concerns regarding such risks appear to be greater than warranted by empirical evidence. The appropriate therapeutic use of hypnotics is generally not associated with physiological responses that are commonly thought to lead to @entity734 , such as tolerance or discontinuation effects. Former substance abusers and @entity146 @entity1 appear to be at greatest risk. The labelling of hypnotics was recently updated to incorporate warnings about very rare, but serious adverse events that have been identified in postmarketing surveillance. These events include @entity2021 (severe @entity56 ); @entity4 (severe @entity4 ); and complex sleep-related behaviours, which may include @entity25 , making phone calls and preparing and eating food. This article will review the adverse event profiles of these newer sedative hypnotics, their effects on memory and psychomotor performance, abuse liability concerns and the most recent information about the rare adverse effects that prompted the recent revision to the labelling of drugs in the hypnotic class.

title: Comparative tolerability of newer agents for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial swelling', 'angio-oedema']

entities_list: @entity7353 :: ('MESH:D001463', 'Chemical') :: ['barbiturates']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity12123 :: ('MESH:C495910', 'Chemical') :: ['ramelteon']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity9038 :: ('MESH:C515050', 'Chemical') :: ['zopiclone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity12122 :: ('MESH:C515051', 'Chemical') :: ['eszopiclone']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-driving']

entities_list: @entity2492 :: ('MESH:C049109', 'Chemical') :: ['zolpidem']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of 1-mg and 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal @entity2713 with standard care (grid photocoagulation in eyes without dense macular @entity548 and deferral of photocoagulation until @entity548 clears in eyes with dense macular @entity548 ) for eyes with @entity1018 associated with macular @entity4 secondary to branch @entity2994 (BRVO). METHODS: Multicenter, randomized clinical trial of 411 @entity1 . Main Outcome Measure Gain in visual acuity letter score of 15 or more from baseline to month 12. RESULTS: Twenty-nine percent, 26%, and 27% of @entity1 achieved the primary outcome in the standard care, 1-mg, and 4-mg groups, respectively. None of the pairwise comparisons between the 3 groups was statistically significant at month 12. The rates of @entity2790 and @entity231 were similar for the standard care and 1-mg groups, but higher in the 4-mg group. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference identified in visual acuity at 12 months for the standard care group compared with the @entity2713 groups; however, rates of adverse events (particularly @entity2790 and @entity231 ) were highest in the 4-mg group. Application to Clinical Practice Grid photocoagulation as applied in the SCORE Study remains the standard care for @entity1 with @entity1018 associated with macular @entity4 secondary to BRVO who have characteristics similar to @entity1 in the SCORE-BRVO trial. Grid photocoagulation should remain the benchmark against which other treatments are compared in clinical trials for eyes with @entity1018 associated with macular @entity4 secondary to BRVO. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105027.

title: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal @entity2713 with standard care to treat @entity1018 associated with macular @entity4 secondary to branch XXXX : the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for @entity2994 (SCORE) study report 6.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: @entity56 ( @entity56 ), the principal animal model of @entity15 , is genetically controlled. To date, 13 disease-modifying loci have been identified in the @entity19 by whole genome scanning using an F2 intercross between @entity56 -susceptible SJL/J and @entity56 -resistant B10.S/DvTe @entity19 . Two quantitative trait loci (QTL), @entity27501 and @entity27502 , on chromosome 11 were identified by classical marker-specific linkage analysis and interval mapping. Both QTL were reported to be associated with severity and duration of clinical signs. @entity27502 was subsequently shown to be a unique locus controlling the development of monophasic remitting/nonrelapsing @entity56 . In this study, composite interval mapping resolved @entity27501 into two linked QTL: @entity27501 at 0-13 cM is associated with disease severity, and @entity27503 at 19-28 cM associated with the duration of clinical signs. Additionally, composite interval mapping significantly refined the locations of @entity27501 , @entity27503 , and @entity27502 , thereby facilitating systematic candidate gene screening by cDNA sequencing of SJL/J and B10.S/DvTe alleles. Sequence polymorphisms were not seen in @entity22618 and @entity12782 , candidate genes for @entity27501 and @entity27503 , respectively. Similarly, cDNA sequence polymorphisms in @entity13633 , @entity12427 , @entity22425 , @entity638 , @entity27504 , @entity21845 , @entity27505 , @entity27505 , and @entity639 were excluded as candidates for @entity27502 . However, multiple sequence polymorphisms resulting in significant @entity535 substitutions were identified in @entity27506 ( @entity27506 ), @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ), and @entity26450 ( @entity26450 ). Given the role of chemokines in @entity56 , these sequence polymorphisms are promising candidates for @entity27502 , a locus associated with severity of clinical signs and susceptibility to the shorter, less severe monophasic remitting/nonrelapsing form of disease.

title: Sequence polymorphisms in the chemokines XXXX ( @entity27506 ), @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ), and @entity26450 ( @entity26450 ) are candidates for @entity27502 , a locus controlling susceptibility to monophasic remitting/nonrelapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1', 'Scya2']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis', 'EAE']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity27506 :: (20290(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Scya1']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of activity of daily living and psychosocial function in @entity1 with chronic @entity158 . From @entity1178 . 1989 to Nov. 1989, one hundred and eleven cases were assessed by @entity3355 ( @entity3355 ) and Taita Symptom Check List (TSCL) to evaluate the disabilities associated with @entity1118 . @entity1 showed significant impairment in the functions of physical psychosocial work and recreational activities. It was also apparent that the @entity717 were more severe than physical disabilities. Specifically, they showed @entity308 and significant somatization. Analysis by stepwise multiple regression indicates that sex age educational level employment status diagnosis and @entity158 intensity were the significant influencing factors related to the disabilities of activity of daily living and psychosocial function. The results supported the validity of the @entity3355 as a measurement of functional status with @entity1118 @entity1 . Specifically, the psychosocial dimension was significantly correlated with the psychological and psychosocial distress categories of the TSCL. Based upon its reliability validity breadth of assessment and ease of administration, the @entity3355 appeared to be well suited for the assessment of @entity1 with @entity1118 and for evaluating the efficacy of multidisciplinary @entity158 treatment.

title: [The functional assessment of @entity1118 @entity1 activity of daily living and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety depression']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['Sickness Impact Profile', 'SIP']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nonmalignant pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial disabilities']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['psychosocial disability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is some evidence that acupuncture for @entity158 and @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee is more than a placebo, and short term clinical benefits have been observed when acupuncture is compared to usual care. However there is insufficient evidence on whether clinical benefits of acupuncture are sustained over the longer term. In this study our key objectives are to inform the design parameters for a fully powered pragmatic randomised controlled trial. These objectives include establishing potential recruitment rates, appropriate validated outcome measures, attendance levels for acupuncture treatment, loss to follow up and the sample size for a full scale trial. METHODS: Potential @entity1 aged over 50 with @entity158 and @entity626 were identified from a GP database. Eligible @entity1 were randomised to either 'acupuncture plus usual care' and 'usual care' alone, with allocation appropriately concealed. Acupuncture consisted of up to 10 sessions usually weekly. Outcome measures included Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) index with the sample size for a full scale trial determined from the variance. RESULTS: From the GP database of 15,927 @entity1 , 335 potential trial @entity1 were identified and invited to participate. After screening responses, 78 (23%) were identified as eligible and 30 @entity1 who responded most promptly were randomised to 'acupuncture plus usual care' (15 @entity1 ) and 'usual care' alone (15 @entity1 ). Attendance for acupuncture appointments was high at 90% of the maximum. Although the trial was not powered to detect significant changes in outcome, the WOMAC @entity158 index showed a statistically significant reduction at 3 months in the acupuncture group compared to usual care. This was not sustained at 12 months. The sample size for a fully powered two-arm trial was estimated to be 350. CONCLUSION: This pilot study provided the evidence that a fully powered study to explore the longer term impact of acupuncture would be worthwhile, and relevant design features for such a trial were determined. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN25134802.

title: Acupuncture for @entity158 and XXXX : a pilot study for an open parallel-arm randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee']


abstract: Previous studies using the isolated ex vivo perfused @entity235 @entity788 preparation showed that during a 4-hour perfusion @entity788 ( @entity4 , @entity1017 , @entity12828 ) can be induced by four different stimuli. The stimuli include the intra-arterial infusion of @entity3952 (FFA), a 2-hour period of @entity63 before perfusion (ISCH), @entity788 duct with secretin stimulation (POSS), and the intra-arterial infusion of @entity8629 at supramaximal doses (CER). In the present study, changes in high-energy @entity4613 metabolism, as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and changes in cellular structure, determined by light and electron microscopy, were documented for all four models of acute @entity788 . The control preparations remained stable for the 4-hour perfusion period, with no decrease in @entity855 ( @entity855 ) levels. In the FFA preparations, @entity855 decreased to 36% of baseline levels during the 4-hour perfusion (p less than 0.001). In the ISCH preparations, @entity855 decreased to undetectable levels during the 2-hour period of @entity63 , but recovered rapidly and remained at baseline levels during the perfusion. @entity855 levels remained stable in the remaining two models of @entity788 (POSS, CER). Microscopy demonstrated that the @entity130 was located chiefly in the capillaries (swollen endothelium, intravascular thrombi) in the FFA and ISCH preparations. In the POSS and CER preparations, capillary changes were minimal and the injury was located chiefly in the acinar cells (swollen endoplasmic reticulum, zymogen granule depletion, vacuolization). The POSS preparations also showed striking dilation of centroacinar lumens reflecting duct obstruction. In additional studies it was shown that the @entity855 decline in the FFA preparations could be significantly reduced by pretreatment with free radical scavengers. The morphologic changes could be reduced by free radical scavengers in the FFA and ISCH preparations. Any amelioration of morphologic injury in the POSS preparations was obscured by dilatation of centroacinar lumens in both treated and untreated groups. The morphologic changes in the CER preparations were reduced by treatment with a cholecystokinin inhibitor.

title: Changes in high-energy XXXX metabolism and cell morphology in four models of acute experimental @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'partial obstruction of the pancreatic']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['cerulein']

entities_list: @entity12828 :: ('MESH:D034321', 'Disease') :: ['hyperamylasemia']

answer: @entity4613 :: (D010710,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: AIM: To prospectively investigate the efficacy of the revised Vienna Classification for diagnosing @entity14 in cold biopsy specimens. METHODS: @entity1 were selected for inclusion if they had @entity14 that were not considered suitable for direct endoscopic resection. These included @entity1127 > or = 10 mm and lesions suspected of being @entity189 capable of invading the colorectal submucosa or beyond, including strictures, based on the cold biopsies obtained from each lesion prior to resection. We investigated the relationship between diagnoses based on cold biopsy samples using the revised Vienna Classification and resected specimens of the same lesions, and the therapeutic implications of diagnoses made using the revised Vienna Classification. The same cold biopsy specimens were also examined using the Japanese Group Classification guidelines, and compared with the resected specimens of the same lesions for reference. RESULTS: A total of 179 lesions were identified. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the revised Vienna Classification for distinguishing between @entity189 in cold biopsy specimens was 22.2%, 100%, 100%, and 71.4%, respectively, and for distinguishing between intramucosal lesions and those invading the submucosa or beyond was 59.7%, 100%, 100%, and 37.6%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the Japanese Group Classification for distinguishing between @entity189 in cold biopsy specimens was 83.3%, 91.4%, 83.3%, and 91.4%, respectively, and for distinguishing between intramucosal lesions and those invading the submucosa or beyond was 95.1%, 91.4%, 97.9%, and 82.1%, respectively. @entity189 that had invaded the submucosa or beyond and three high-grade intraepithelial @entity5 were diagnosed as " @entity189 " using the Japanese Group Classification system. CONCLUSION: The revised Vienna Classification for cold biopsy specimens has high positive predictive value in the diagnosis of @entity14 invasive to the submucosa or beyond.

title: Efficacy of the revised Vienna Classification for diagnosing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['A total of 137 of 144 carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'intramucosal lesions and submucosal invasive carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal epithelial lesions', 'colorectal epithelial neoplastic lesions', 'colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal epithelial neoplasias']


abstract: In everyday practice, dentists are confronted with the dilemma of patients on anti-platelet agents and @entity1229 who require invasive dental procedures and, more pertinently, dental extractions. There may be a divergence of opinion among dentists regarding how they manage these @entity1 . AIMS: To assess general dental practitioners' approach to the management of patients taking anti-platelet agents and/or @entity1229 who are undergoing invasive dental procedures. METHODS AND DATA: A semi-structured questionnaire was designed to survey general dental practitioners in a large Irish urban area. RESULTS: A response rate of 89% was achieved in a study population of 54 general dental practitioners. A total of 25% of respondents who carry out extractions on warfarinised @entity1 do not check the INR prior to invasive dental procedures. Some 90% of respondents stop anti-platelet agents prior to extractions. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of respondents fail to check warfarinised @entity1 ' INR prior to invasive dental procedures. Furthermore, a trend of stopping anti-platelet agents was noted, which is in contrast with current recommendations in the dental literature. Certain practices in this small study population proved alarming and highlight the need for improved awareness of current guidelines. A further large-scale study may be justified, as variation in practice may have clinical and medico-legal repercussions.

title: Dentists' approach to patients on anti-platelet agents and XXXX : a survey of practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is the most frequent @entity5 in @entity1 and consists of a heterogeneous collection of diseases with distinct histopathological, genetic and epigenetic characteristics. In this study, we aimed to identify DNA methylation based biomarkers to distinguish @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 who may benefit from neoadjuvant @entity632 treatment. RESULTS: We investigated quantitatively the methylation patterns in the promoter regions of 14 genes ( @entity1262 , @entity14050 , @entity5345 , @entity19936 , @entity986 , @entity436 , @entity1782 , @entity26562 , @entity17967 , @entity4191 , @entity5100 , @entity6756 , @entity26563 , and @entity983 ) in 75 well-described pre-treatment samples from locally advanced @entity0 and correlated the results to the available clinical and molecular parameters. Six normal breast tissues were used as controls and 163 unselected @entity0 cases were used to validate associations with histopathological and clinical parameters.Aberrant methylation was detected in 9 out of the 14 genes including the discovery of methylation at the @entity17967 promoter. Absence of methylation at the @entity1262 promoter correlated with @entity74 during @entity632 treatment. Most importantly, the DNA methylation status at the promoters of @entity4191 , @entity17967 and @entity1262 correlated with survival, whereby the combination of methylated genes improved the subdivision with respect to the survival of the @entity1 . In multivariate analysis @entity4191 and @entity17967 methylation status proved to be independent prognostic markers associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative DNA methylation profiling is a powerful tool to identify molecular changes associated with specific phenotypes. Methylation at the @entity1262 or @entity4191 promoter improved overall survival probably due to prolonged availability and activity of the drug in the cell while @entity17967 methylation might be a protective factor against @entity5 invasiveness. @entity17967 proved to be general prognostic factor, while @entity1262 and @entity4191 might be predictive factors for the response to and efficacy of @entity632 treatment. Pharmacoepigenetic effects such as the reported associations in this study provide molecular explanations for differential responses to chemotherapy and it might prove valuable to take the methylation status of selected genes into account for @entity1 management and treatment decisions.

title: DNA methylation profiling in @entity632 treated primary locally advanced XXXX identifies novel genes associated with survival and treatment response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumours']


abstract: AIMS: To study the 5 month performance of a balloon-expandable percutaneous heart valve (PHV) in the systemic circulation of animals. METHODS AND RESULTS: Moderate-to-severe (>/= grade 3) @entity337 was created in 14 juvenile @entity742 using a bioptome device. A 23mm PHV was implanted distal to the left subclavian artery (1.78+/-0.18 cm2 area, 27+/-2 mmHg closing gradient). Valve performance was followed angiographically (baseline, 21 weeks) and echocardiographically (baseline, 6, 14, 21 weeks). Animals were euthanized at 21 weeks or at the first sign of @entity340 . Four animals died of acute procedural complications (aortic perforation, mitral @entity16 , hemothorax, and sheath dissection of brachio-cephalic artery). One animal with a rotated PHV (secondary to @entity1580 ) was euthanized at 6 weeks; 3 animals were euthanized at weeks 6 and 14 because of @entity6679 (normal PHV at autopsy, decreased mobility related to @entity1508 -induced @entity551 ). Six animals with normal PHV function (1.68+/-0.12 cm2 area, 23+/-4mmHg closing gradient) were euthanized at 21 weeks; pathologic examination revealed no significant @entity340 . Native @entity337 was grade 2-4 at 21 weeks. CONCLUSION: PHV function remains satisfactory to 21 weeks in the descending aorta. This animal model is valid for chronic study of PHV in the systemic circulation.

title: Five month study of percutaneous heart valves in the systemic circulation of XXXX using a novel model of @entity337 .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['valve damage']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve insufficiency', 'aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity6679 :: ('MESH:D014086', 'Disease') :: ['decreased leaflet mobility']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['PHV abnormalities', 'valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: The Liverpool Lung Project (LLP) has previously developed a risk model for prediction of 5-year absolute risk of @entity2 based on five epidemiologic risk factors. @entity26184 , a Met430IIe polymorphic variant found on 22q12.2 region, has been previously linked with an increased risk of @entity2 in a case-control population. In this article, we quantify the improvement in risk prediction with addition of @entity26184 to the LLP risk model. Data from 388 LLP subjects genotyped for @entity26184 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were combined with epidemiologic risk factors. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to predict 5-year absolute risk of @entity2 with and without this SNP. The improvement in the model associated with the @entity26184 SNP was assessed through pairwise comparison of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the net reclassification improvements (NRI). The extended model showed better calibration compared with the baseline model. There was a statistically significant modest increase in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve when @entity26184 was added into the baseline model. The NRI also revealed a statistically significant improvement of around 12% for the extended model; this improvement was better for subjects classified into the two intermediate-risk categories by the baseline model (NRI, 27%). Our results suggest that the addition of @entity26184 improved the performance of the LLP risk model, particularly for subjects whose initial absolute risks were unable to discriminate into "low-risk" or "high-risk" group. This work shows an approach to incorporate genetic biomarkers in risk models for predicting an individual's @entity2 risk.

title: Incorporation of a genetic factor into an epidemiologic model for prediction of individual risk of XXXX : the Liverpool Lung Project.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess impact of the new US rotavirus immunization program initiated in 2006, robust baseline data on @entity294 and @entity6425 burden are needed. While several studies have assessed burden in inpatient settings, few data are available for @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and outpatient settings. METHODS: We used the MarketScan databases, a large claims-based data repository, to analyze the health and economic burden of @entity294 -related healthcare encounters in @entity1 <5 years in inpatient, @entity341 , and outpatient settings from 2001 to 2006. Because rotavirus testing and coding are not routinely performed, rotavirus burden was estimated by calculating excess @entity294 events during winter compared with summer baseline (winter residual method). RESULTS: Between 2001 and 2006, the average annual rate of healthcare utilization for @entity294 was 1561 per 10,000 @entity1 <5 years, with a hospitalization rate of 50 per 10,000, @entity341 visit rate of 180 per 10,000, and outpatient visit rate of 1332 per 10,000. The winter residual method attributed 53% of inpatient, 41% of @entity341 , and 23% of outpatient @entity294 events to rotavirus. By age 5, we estimated that 1 in 74 @entity1 are admitted, 1 in 27 require @entity341 care, and 1 in 7 are treated in outpatient settings for @entity6425 . Median payments for rotavirus in inpatient, @entity341 , and outpatient settings were  3135,  332, and  90, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Rotavirus causes substantial health and economic burden in US @entity1 , especially in @entity341 and outpatient settings. Future monitoring through claims-based data sources should allow assessment of rotavirus vaccine impact on healthcare utilization for @entity294 .

title: Trends in healthcare utilization for XXXX and @entity6425 in privately insured US @entity1 <5 years of age, 2001-2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus disease', 'rotavirus illness']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency department']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics of @entity774 . METHODS: The clinical data of 249 cases of @entity774 which were confirmed at operation and by pathology were analyzed. RESULTS: The series comprised 103 males and 146 females. Overall, females were more commonly represented than males, especially with @entity699 and typical @entity1911 (female:male ratio 3.3:1.9), however the prevalence of @entity700 ( @entity700 ) in males and females was similar. In our series, 148 (59.4%) were symptomatic, of which 4 (2.7%) were malignant, and 101 (40.6%) were incidental, of which 20 (19.8%) were malignant. Hormonal work-up demonstrated that 30.3% of the @entity700 were functional. Of 109 @entity822 , 47 were @entity1368 , 31 were @entity699 , 30 were @entity700 , and 1 was adrenal virilization. Of 72 benign @entity1911 , 51 were typical @entity1911 and 21 were @entity700 . Of 14 @entity4383 , 6 were @entity699 and 8 were @entity1368 . Of the remaining 30 @entity5 , all presented as @entity700 . The diameter of @entity5 (10.9    5.6 cm) was significantly larger than that of @entity5 (4.5    3.7 cm) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study shows a high rate of @entity700 in @entity1 with @entity774 selected for surgery. @entity9646 levels should be determined in symptomatic or incidental @entity1 with @entity774 . Imaging examination (CT and MRI) is the first method used to detect and localize @entity774 . @entity5 size is an important parameter of diagnosis and management of @entity1 with @entity774 , especially @entity700 .

title: Clinical analysis of 249 cases of XXXX in a Chinese hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'Tumor', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity700 :: ('MESH:C538238', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal incidentalomas', 'AIs']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal nodular hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['primary aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal masses']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['adrenal tumors']