abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with aggressive pathological features and poor clinical outcomes in @entity0 . In @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ), these relationships remain still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between body mass index (BMI) and the clinical outcomes of @entity1 with @entity3557 . METHODS: This retrospective study included 1,189 @entity1 who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTCs equal to or larger than 1 cm in size. Clinical outcomes were evaluated and compared based on the BMI quartiles. RESULTS: There were no significant associations between BMI quartiles and @entity5 size, extrathyroidal invasion, cervical @entity1600 , or distant @entity3 . However, an increase in mean age was associated with an increased BMI (P for trend <0.001). Multifocality and advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stage (stage III or IV) were significantly associated with increases of BMI (P for trend 0.02 and <0.001, respectively). However, these associations of multifocality and advanced @entity5 stage with BMI were not significant in multivariate analyses adjusted for age and gender. Moreover, there were no differences in recurrence-free survivals according to BMI quartiles (P=0.26). CONCLUSION: In the present study, BMI was not associated with the aggressive clinicopathological features or recurrence-free survivals in @entity1 with @entity3557 .

title: Lack of Associations between Body Mass Index and Clinical Outcomes in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor node metastasis', 'TNM', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma']


abstract: Glutamatergic synaptic transmission is an essential component of neural circuits in the central nervous system. @entity2227 exerts its effects by binding to various types of @entity2227 receptors, which are found distributed on neurons throughout the central nervous system. These receptors are broadly classified into two main groups, ionotropic @entity2227 receptors (iGluRs) and metabotropic @entity2227 receptors (mGluRs). Unlike iGluRs, the mGluRs are G-protein coupled receptors that exert their effects on postsynaptic membrane conductance indirectly through the downstream modification of ion channels. A subtype of mGluRs, the Group II mGluRs, are particularly interesting since their activation by @entity2227 results in a hyperpolarizing response. Thus, @entity2227 can act potentially as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to postsynaptic Group II mGluRs. Given the potential importance of these receptors in synaptic processing, the development of the central nervous system, and @entity16 , we sought to characterize the expression of @entity9449 in the developing neocortex of the @entity19 . Therefore, we examined the distribution of @entity9449 in the developing cerebral cortex. We found a general caudal to rostral gradient in the expression of these receptors, with ventral cortical regions labeled caudally and dorsal regions labeled rostrally. Limbic regions highly expressed @entity9449 throughout the brain, as did sensory and motor cortical areas. Finally, other non-cortical structures, such as the thalamic reticular nucleus, amygdala, and mammillary bodies were found to have significant expression of the receptor. These results suggest that @entity9449 may play important roles in mediating glutamatergic inhibition in these structures and also could have a role in shaping the development of mature neural networks in the forebrain.

title: Differential expression of XXXX in the developing cerebral cortex of the @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

answer: @entity9449 :: (14800(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mGluR2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4243 is a heritable connective tissue disorder with frequent neurovascular manifestations, such as @entity438 . @entity1 with this syndrome have notoriously fragile blood vessels, and the reported mortality rate for any type of vascular surgical procedure is 40%. This syndrome is rare, however, and the complication rate of @entity439 surgery may have been overestimated. METHODS: We reviewed our experience with @entity439 surgery in a group of @entity1 with @entity4243 . RESULTS: The @entity1 population consisted of three @entity1 and one @entity1 with a mean age of 44 years (age range, 20-57 yr). One @entity1 , who had a ruptured anterior circulation @entity439 , died as a direct result of surgery because of marked @entity2100 . Three @entity1 underwent successful surgery, consisting of a craniotomy and clipping of a ruptured anterior circulation @entity439 in two @entity1 and a craniotomy and clip ligation of the parent artery in one @entity1 with a @entity1756 . Intraoperatively, mild vascular or connective tissue fragility was commonly observed. @entity260 (e.g., spontaneous pneumothorax and @entity4066 ) also were common but did not result in permanent morbidity. CONCLUSION: The risk of neurovascular surgery is high in @entity1 with @entity260 are common. However, most @entity1 tolerate the operation without permanent morbidity.

title: Intracranial XXXX surgery in @entity4243 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured dissecting vertebral artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type IV and intra- and postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type IV']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['vascular fragility']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3854 ( @entity3854 ) is a chronic inflammatory condition that is known to arise on the vulva. Many @entity1 with @entity158 , often affecting a @entity1 's quality of life. In this study, the sexual function of @entity3854 @entity1 , with and without @entity158 , was compared to control populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study to examine the relationship between @entity3854 and @entity250 was conducted. A total of 335 @entity1 presenting to the gynecology clinic were included in the study: 197 @entity1 with biopsy confirmed @entity3854 were compared to two control groups (95 asymptomatic @entity1 were "healthy" controls and 43 @entity1 had @entity363 ) on self-reported current health complaints, medical and surgical history and current symptoms such as @entity158 and itching, type and frequency of sexual activity, and satisfaction with sexual activity. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity3854 reported less frequent sexual activity than healthy controls (p=0.007) and Candida controls (p=0.04). Currently sexually active @entity1 with @entity3854 were significantly less likely to report vaginal intercourse (71.6%) than healthy controls (89.0%, p=0.003) or Candida controls (100%, p=0.0003), even though similar proportions of all three groups reported that vaginal intercourse was important. Satisfaction towards the quality of current sexual activity was significantly lower among @entity1 with @entity3854 compared with both the healthy and Candida control groups. 23.7% of @entity1 with @entity3854 reported that sexual activity was rarely or never satisfactory as compared with 0% of healthy controls (p<0.0001) and 6.5% of Candida controls (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity3854 have less frequent sexual activity and less satisfying sexual activity when compared with controls.

title: The impact of vulvar lichen sclerosus on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3854 :: ('MESH:D018459', 'Disease') :: ['Lichen sclerosus', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity363 :: ('MESH:D002181', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'LS report vulvar pain']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The changes in @entity413 homeostasis after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) for @entity1 with high ( @entity14725 ) and low risk (LRD) of developing @entity6 have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To compare the @entity413 homeostasis parameters between @entity1 with @entity14725 and LRD after SG. SETTING: University hospital in Greece. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 were categorized as @entity14725 (9 females, mean body mass index 46.3  1.6 kg/m(2)) and 10 as LRD (8 females, mean body mass index 45.4  1.7 kg/m(2)) based on a preoperative 2-hour oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT). OGTT was repeated 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. OGTT-derived indices of @entity2690 secretion, @entity2690 sensitivity, and b-cell function (oral disposition index [ODI]) were calculated. RESULTS: Preoperatively, in the @entity14725 group, fasting and postload @entity413 levels were higher and the ODIs were lower compared with those in the LRD group. Six weeks postoperatively, @entity413 levels and ODIs were not different between the 2 groups. However, 6 months postoperatively, the @entity14725 group had demonstrated higher postload @entity413 levels and lower ODI (0-30) and ODI (0-120) compared with the LRD group. Six weeks postoperatively, @entity2690 levels, early @entity2690 secretion, and @entity2690 resistance indices were decreased compared with preoperative levels only in the @entity14725 group. Six months postoperatively, ODIs and @entity2690 sensitivity indices improved in both groups compared with baseline. CONCLUSION: Six months after SG, @entity413 levels and ODIs improved for both @entity14725 and LRD @entity1 ; however, postprandial @entity413 levels and ODI (0-30) and ODI (0-120) in @entity14725 @entity1 did not return to LRD levels. Moreover, during the first 6 postoperative weeks, the changes in @entity413 homeostasis parameters compared with preoperative levels were different for @entity14725 and LRD @entity1 .

title: Comparison of XXXX homeostasis parameters between @entity1 with high and low risk of @entity6 at 6 weeks and 6 months after sleeve gastrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The topoisomerase I agents are established as a therapy in recurrent @entity43 . @entity61429 , an analog of @entity1945 with solubility and pharmacologic advantages, was tested in a phase II trial in previously treated @entity1 with recurrent or persistent @entity43 . The drug was administered intravenously over 1 h at a dose of 1.0 mg/m(2) daily for 5 days every 21 days. @entity1 were treated until disease progression, intolerable @entity137 , or voluntary withdrawal. Response was evaluated according to modified RECIST criteria. Twenty-seven @entity1 were entered into the study. One @entity1 was inevaluable for not receiving any treatment. Of the 26 evaluable @entity1 , there were two partial responses and one complete response for a total response rate of 12%. This response rate was insufficient to justify accrual to the second stage. The most common grade 3 or 4 @entity137 were @entity1398 (19%) and gastrointestinal (15%). @entity61429 is a well-tolerated topoisomerase compound but has minimal activity in extensively pretreated @entity43 with the dose-schedule employed.

title: Phase II multicenter open-label study of @entity61429 in previously treated XXXX : a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity61429 :: ('MESH:C433505', 'Chemical') :: ['Karenitecin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian and primary peritoneal cancer']


abstract: Vertically aligned @entity1948 nanorods (NRs) on @entity3775 -doped @entity1947 ( @entity24740 ) substrates were fabricated by a single-step aqueous solution method at low temperature. In order to optimize optical quality, the effects of annealing on optical and structural properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence (PL), and Raman spectroscopy. We found that the annealing temperature strongly affects both the near-band-edge (NBE) and visible (defect-related) emissions. The best characteristics have been obtained by employing annealing at 400  C in air for 2  h, bringing about a sharp and intense NBE emission. The defect-related recombinations were also suppressed effectively. However, the enhancement decreases with higher annealing temperature and prolonged annealing. PL study indicates that the NBE emission is dominated by radiative recombination associated with @entity3884 donors. Thus, the enhancement of NBE is due to the activation of radiative recombinations associated with @entity3884 donors. On the other hand, the reduction of visible emission is mainly attributed to the annihilation of @entity2145 groups. Our results provide insight to comprehend annealing effects and an effective way to improve optical properties of low-temperature-grown @entity1948 NRs for future facile device applications.

title: Annealing effects on the optical and morphological properties of @entity1948 nanorods on XXXX substrate by using aqueous solution method at low temperature.

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

answer: @entity24740 :: (CHEBI:33835,Chemical) :: ['AZO']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity120 is a common complication of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and its presence implies a poor prognosis. However, it is difficult to measure and its specific contribution to symptoms is difficult to quantify. A @entity358 catheter was used to measure pulmonary artery pressure ( @entity2786 ) during @entity25 and on exercise. METHODS: Ten @entity1 (five with @entity1030 receiving long term @entity26 therapy and five normal individuals) were studied. Pulmonary artery pressure was recorded continuously during two periods of @entity25 (breathing @entity26 followed by air for the @entity1030 group) and during exercise. RESULTS: In the @entity1030 group @entity2786 during @entity25 on @entity26 was significantly lower than @entity2786 during @entity25 breathing air (mean (SD) difference 9.6 (5.3) mm Hg, 95% CI 4.9 to 14.3, p= 0.016). @entity2786 during exercise was not significantly different from @entity2786 during @entity25 breathing air (mean (SD) difference 0.8 (8.9) mm Hg, 95% CI -7.0 to 8.6, p= 0.851). In normal individuals the group mean (SD) @entity2786 was 15 (5.9) mm Hg for the first nocturnal period and 15 (5.7) mm Hg for the second nocturnal period. @entity2786 during exercise was not significantly different from @entity2786 during @entity25 breathing air (mean (SD) difference 3.3 (2.2) mm Hg, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.5, p= 0.061). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity1030 , @entity2786 rose significantly during @entity25 to levels similar to those measured during exercise, but this could be reversed with @entity26 .

title: Ambulatory pulmonary artery pressure monitoring during @entity25 and exercise in normal individuals and XXXX with @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive airways disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['micromanometer tipped pulmonary artery']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity901 (     -)-based regimens FOLFOX and XELOX can cause @entity1897 . It is unknown if      -, alone or in combination regimens, affects the Autonomous Nervous System (ANS). Accordingly, we evaluated the impact of      --based chemotherapy on the ANS. METHODS: We enrolled 36 @entity1 with @entity14 , treated with adjuvant mFOLFOX6 or XELOX chemotherapy, and 22 healthy volunteers. For the assessment of ANS function, @entity1 completed a questionnaire and underwent neurophysiological examination at three time points (baseline, 3-4  months and 6-8  months after the first chemotherapy cycle). ANS testing included assessment of the adrenergic cardiovascular function ( @entity551 - @entity2145 ), parasympathetic @entity299 (ratio 30/15) and Sympathetic Skin Response (SSR). RESULTS: The values of the 30/15 ratio were significantly reduced at the two time point assessments compared to baseline (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, both P  <  0.001), while @entity1 had more often diastolic @entity2145 at the 6-8  month evaluation compared to baseline (P  =  0.039). In contrast, SSR was not affected. The incidence of positive responses in the questionnaire assessing the subjective impact of symptoms attributable to ANS dysfunction was higher at the two time points compared to baseline (P  =  0.036 and P  =  0.020). CONCLUSIONS: @entity901 -based chemotherapy is associated with significant effects on the adrenergic cardiovascular reaction and the parasympathetic @entity299 , whereas SSR remains untouched.

title: The impact of XXXX -based chemotherapy for @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart innervation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 34 Background: Molecular markers for predicting @entity0 @entity1 at high risk of recurrence are urgently needed for more effective disease management. The impact of alterations in extracellular matrix components on @entity5 aggressiveness is under intense investigation. Overexpression of @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ), a multifunctional enzyme, in @entity5 cells impacts epithelial mesenchymal transition and @entity5 stem cell phenotype, growth, invasion and interactions with @entity5 microenvironment. The objective of our study is to determine the clinical relevance of stromal @entity8265 overexpression and explore its potential to identify which IDCs are at high risk of recurrence. METHODS: This retrospective study is based on immunohistochemical analysis of @entity8265 expression in 168 @entity513 with clinical, pathological and follow-up data available for up to 12 years. @entity8265 expression was correlated with clinical and pathological parameters as well as disease free survival (DFS) of @entity0 @entity1 . RESULTS: Stromal @entity8265 overexpression was observed in 97/168 (57.7%) @entity513 ( @entity513 ). Notably, @entity513 @entity1 showing stromal @entity8265 accumulation had significantly reduced disease free survival (mean DFS = 110 months) in comparison with @entity1 showing low expression (mean DFS = 130 months), as revealed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (p <0.001). In Cox multivariate regression analysis, @entity8265 accumulation in @entity5 stroma emerged as an independent risk factor for recurrence in @entity513 (p = 0.006, Hazard's ratio, H.R. = 3.79). CONCLUSIONS: Accumulation of @entity8265 in @entity5 stroma is an independent risk factor for identifying @entity0 @entity1 at high risk of recurrence. @entity8265 overexpression in @entity5 stroma may serve as a predictor of poor prognosis for @entity513 of the breast.

title: Transglutaminase II expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinomas']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['invasive ductal carcinomas']


abstract: The clinical genetics and hormonal status of the 46, @entity3779 is well determined. This is a rare condition that affects one out 20,000 male births. This study evaluates 5 @entity249 @entity1 with no @entity22567 in whom we noted variants in their phenotype, like small penis, @entity2650 , @entity246 , and in some of them small testis. Only one @entity1 had @entity247 ; all @entity1 were azoospermics. Otherwise, serum FSH levels were elevated in only 3 @entity1 and LH in 2. Serum levels of @entity251 were low in 3 cases. Karyotype was 46,XX without evidence of mosaicism. PCR of genomic DNA studied revealed only the presence of @entity16438 gene. DNA material in the Y chromosome was similar in all @entity1 , but this did not correlate with the phenotype findings and hormonal levels in all of them. Testing new chromosomal markers should be of great value in the definition of clinical difference.

title: 46, XXXX : clinical, hormonal/genetic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['cryptorchidism, flat scrotum']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['gynecomastia']

entities_list: @entity22567 :: ('MESH:D025064', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in sex definition']

answer: @entity3779 :: (MESH:D058531,Disease) :: ['XX male']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate a catheter-based porcine model for reperfused @entity583 and investigate the appropriate location and duration of the occlusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A balloon catheter was placed in the left descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) in 78 @entity1707 , and used to occlude the @entity3980 . To evaluate this model, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), @entity1188 size, incidence of @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ), and mortality was compared among three groups: 60-min proximal @entity3980 occlusion (60P), 60-min mid @entity3980 occlusion (60M), and 30-min proximal @entity3980 occlusion (30P). RESULTS: In 72 of the 78 @entity1707 , the procedures were successfully completed. Both mortality and incidence of @entity2224 were highest in the 60P group (66.7% and 91.7%, respectively). @entity583 was successfully induced in all 72 animals and in situ double-staining with @entity23045 dye and @entity5045 was performed to delineate area at risk for @entity63 and @entity1188 . There was no difference in @entity1188 size, expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, between the 60P and 60M groups (49.5% +/- 3.9% vs. 45.4% +/- 13.3%, respectively). Serial changes in LVEF of the 60M group demonstrated that until 14 days after reperfusion, LVEF improved naturally over time (36.4% +/- 6.6% at 24 hr, and 47.3% +/- 10.1% at 14 days). CONCLUSION: This model and methodology could provide a reproducible and consistent @entity1188 size. The current study demonstrated that 60-min mid @entity3980 occlusion can be the most feasible to serve as a porcine reperfused @entity583 model.

title: In vivo porcine model of reperfused @entity583 : in situ double staining to measure precise XXXX area/area at risk.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity23045 :: ('MESH:D005070', 'Chemical') :: ['Evans blue']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarcted myocardium']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: We evaluated the efficacy of treating @entity573 earlier than Day 5 of illness with a standard dose of immunoglobulin and @entity117 . We performed a case-control study of @entity1 with @entity573 admitted to Princess Margaret Hospital from 1994 to 1999. @entity1 with pretreatment @entity574 or those treated after day 10 of illness were excluded. All @entity1 received immunoglobulin (2 g/kg) and @entity117 (80-100 mg/kg/day) until @entity221 subsided for 48 hours. Immunoglobulin retreatment was given for persistent @entity221 48 hours after the first dose of immunoglobulin or recrudescent @entity221 . The case group consisted of 15 @entity1 who received treatment earlier than day 5 of illness, and the control group consisted of 66 @entity1 who were treated on or after day 5. @entity1 ' sex, age, duration of posttreatment @entity221 , need for additional immunoglobulin, and coronary artery status were noted. Treatment efficacy was assessed by the duration of posttreatment @entity221 and the prevalence of @entity574 . Eighty-one @entity1 were included in this study. There were 15 @entity1 in the case group and 66 in the control group. No significant difference was noted in age and sex between the case and control groups. Thirty-three percent (5/15) and 8% (5/66) of the case and control groups, respectively, had persistent/ recrudescent @entity221 48 hours after the first dose of immunoglobulin that required retreatment ( p = 0.017). Thirteen percent (2/15) and 5% (3/66) of the case and control groups, respectively, had @entity574 ( p = 0.158). Treatment of @entity573 before day 5 of illness was associated with persistent/recrudescent @entity221 that required retreatment. However, there was no significant increase in the prevalence of @entity574 if retreatment was given.

title: Evaluation of the efficacy of treatment of XXXX before day 5 of illness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary aneurysms', 'coronary artery aneurysms', 'coronary aneurysm']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6795 ( @entity6795 ) usually manifest in childhood with @entity302 , @entity245 and focal @entity16 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presentation and severity of @entity302 in the different types of @entity6795 . METHOD: We evaluated the first 100 consecutive @entity1 with a neuroimaging diagnosis of @entity6795 . They were identified among all the high resolution magnetic resonance imaging exams performed at our service between 1997 and 2001. The causes of referral were diverse, according to the routine of the neurology outpatient clinic. After magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of the subtype of @entity6795 a detailed clinical assessment was performed. RESULTS: There were 55 females and 45 males, with ages ranging from five months to 71 years old (mean=15.2 years). Seventy-seven @entity1 presented with @entity302 . Sixty-one had partial @entity302 , 13 secondary generalized syndromes, and in three, the type of @entity302 could not be established. @entity302 was less frequent in @entity1 with the @entity6795 subtypes of @entity8568 and @entity15260 (p<0.001). @entity1 with @entity15260 and @entity8568 had their @entity410 more easily controlled by antiepileptic drugs (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: That the frequency of @entity302 is lower and @entity410 are more easily controlled in the setting of @entity8568 and @entity15260 . @entity1 with @entity6795 frequently present with secondary generalized @entity302 early in childhood.

title: The clinical spectrum of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity15260 :: ('MESH:C538514', 'Disease') :: ['schizencephaly']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8568 :: ('MESH:D065706', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrogyria']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'Malformations of cortical development']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic syndrome', 'Epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic syndromes']

answer: @entity6795 :: (MESH:D054220,Disease) :: ['malformations of cortical development']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity13714 ( @entity13714 ) in several @entity1 @entity5 makes it an attractive target for the delivery of cytotoxic drugs and imaging agents. Native @entity10056 (NT) is a tridecapeptide that binds to @entity13714 and induces @entity5 growth. Unfortunately, NT has a short plasma half-life, which hinders its use for in vivo biomedical applications. Numerous reports suggest that @entity534 (8)- @entity534 (9) and Tyr(11)-Ile(12) @entity6346 bonds are particularly susceptible to degradation by proteolytic enzymes. Predicated on this observation, we substituted @entity534 (8), @entity534 (9), and Ile(12) @entity1522 with the corresponding commercially available mimics. These surrogate @entity1522 are amenable to standard Fmoc peptide synthesis strategy, and the resulting compounds are stable in biological media for >4 h and bind to @entity13714 with high affinity. Furthermore, conjugating @entity12306 to the new peptides and subsequent labeling with (111)In- @entity12306 for nuclear imaging or @entity941 for optical imaging did not diminish the @entity13714 binding affinities of the peptides. In vivo biodistribution of a representative (111)In- @entity12306 -NT peptide analogue in @entity915 @entity19 bearing @entity13714 -positive @entity1 @entity420 (HT29) xenograft shows that the compound was primarily retained in @entity5 tissue (2.2% ID/g) and the kidneys (4.8% ID/g) at 4 h postinjection. Coinjection of cold NT and the radiolabeled NT peptide analogue inhibited the @entity5 but not the kidney uptake, demonstrating that retention of the radiolabeled compound in @entity5 tissue was mediated by @entity13714 specific uptake while it accumulates in the kidneys by a nonspecific mechanism. These findings show that the new NT peptide analogues are robust and can deliver imaging agents to @entity13714 -positive @entity5 such as @entity788 .

title: Novel bioactive and stable @entity10056 peptide analogues capable of delivering radiopharmaceuticals and molecular beacons to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity13714 :: ('4923', 'Gene') :: ['neurotensin receptor', 'NTR']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Extracranial- and @entity4522 (ECAS and @entity3433 ) have been suggested to have different pathogeneses. Blood genomic profiling may identify their unique molecular signatures. METHODS: Whole gene microarray of peripheral blood was performed in 24 @entity1 with acute @entity385 (ECAS, n=12; @entity3433 , n=12) and 12 healthy controls. Differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were conducted. Plasma resistin levels were compared across independent samples of @entity64 @entity1 with ECAS (n=39), @entity3433 (n=20), and @entity6249 ( @entity6249 , n=57). RESULTS: Microarray revealed that 144 and 24 transcripts were altered in ECAS and @entity3433 , respectively, compared to controls. All the transcripts that were differentially expressed in @entity3433 were also differentially expressed in ECAS. A total of 120 transcripts were differentially expressed only in ECAS. Gene sets related to immune response and protein metabolism were altered in both ECAS and @entity3433 , but the magnitude of gene alteration was higher in ECAS than in @entity3433 . Several genes of interest including @entity13490 , @entity22367 , @entity11772 , and @entity63499 were more highly expressed in ECAS than in @entity3433 . Circulating resistin levels were elevated in independent samples of ECAS, but not in those of @entity3433 , compared to those of SVDs. CONCLUSIONS: ECAS showed prominent genomic alteration related to immune response compared to @entity3433 . Although there was no ECAS-specific gene to be identified on microarray, the level of resistin expression was high on peripheral blood in ECAS, suggesting that resistin is associated with the pathogenesis of ECAS.

title: Blood genomic profiling in extracranial- and @entity4522 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['SVD', 'small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity3070 is highly effective against animal intestinal @entity2199 and is used in the treatment of @entity7289 in @entity1 . A study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of the drug with that of @entity3753 in the treatment of uncomplicated @entity13739 . Sixty @entity1 with confirmed @entity281 were enrolled in an open randomized study and given either @entity3753 , 400 mg/d for 3 d or @entity3070 , 150-200 micrograms/kg in a single dose. Efficacy and tolerance were evaluated on days 7, 30 and 90. Each visit included a parasitological examination of 3 stool specimens, using saline and Kato smears and @entity406 -ether and Baermann concentrations. Fifty-three @entity1 were eligible for evaluation. Parasitological cure was obtained in 24 of the 29 @entity1 treated with @entity3070 (83%) and in 9 of the 24 @entity1 who were given @entity3753 (38%); @entity3070 was significantly more effective than @entity3753 (P < 0.01). Clinical and biological adverse reactions were negligible in both treatment groups. The 20 @entity1 who failed therapy were given a second treatment course with 150-200 micrograms/kg of @entity3070 in a single dose or on 2 consecutive days. Sixteen @entity1 were cured and the other 4 had only incomplete follow-up. @entity3070 therefore constitutes an acceptable therapeutic alternative for uncomplicated @entity13739 .

title: Treatment of @entity281 with XXXX compared with @entity3753 : results of an open study of 60 cases.

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin', 'Ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Strongyloides stercoralis infection']

entities_list: @entity13739 :: ('MESH:D013322', 'Disease') :: ['strongyloidiasis']

entities_list: @entity7289 :: ('MESH:D009855', 'Disease') :: ['onchocerciasis']

answer: @entity3070 :: (MESH:D007559,Chemical) :: ['ivermectin']


abstract: @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), used according to several types of administration and several modulations, remained the standard treatment of @entity14 for many years. However, two major drugs ( @entity2600 and @entity901 ) improved the therapeutic possibilities for this disease. Both drugs are active as a single agent, but they have a clear in vitro and in vivo synergistic antitumoral activity when combined with modulated @entity1487 . Significant improvements in response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival have been obtained by @entity2600 / @entity1487 and @entity901 / @entity1487 combinations compared to @entity1487 alone. Integrating these drugs in the therapeutic strategy of metastatic @entity14 treatment was a challenge for clinical trials. Second- and third-line treatments are often used, and these treatments are a large reason for the improvement in survival. Each @entity1 who is able to receive several lines of therapy should be offered this strategy. Many attempts to optimize the results of these combinations have been performed. Although no definitive data show one drug to be better than the other, several arguments favored the @entity901 / @entity1487 combination as a first-line treatment of metastatic @entity14 . A better collaboration between surgeons and oncologists, based on the improvement of surgical techniques and highly active chemotherapeutic regimens, provides @entity1 more strategies with curative intent in liver and lung @entity3 . Progress in treating @entity3 will hopefully translate into the improvement of cure rates when applied to adjuvant therapy. The tolerance of the @entity901 / @entity1487 combination allows for design regimens integrating new drugs, such as biologic modifiers.

title: @entity14 : integrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Richalet, Jean-Paul, and Fran  ois J. Lhuissier. Aging, tolerance to high altitude, and cardiorespiratory response to @entity519 . High Alt Med Biol. 00:000-000, 2015.-It is generally accepted that @entity1240 is rather protective, at least at moderate altitude. Some anecdotal reports even mention successful ascent of peaks over 8000   m and even Everest by elderly @entity1 . However, very few studies have explored the influence of @entity1240 on tolerance to high altitude and prevalence of acute high altitude related diseases, taking into account all confounding factors such as speed of ascent, altitude reached, sex, training status, and chemo-responsiveness. Changes in physiological responses to @entity519 with @entity1240 were assessed through a cross-sectional 20-year study including 4675 subjects (2789 @entity1 , 1886 @entity1 ; 14-85   yrs old) and a longitudinal study including 30 subjects explored at a mean 10.4-year interval. In @entity1 , ventilatory response to @entity519 increased, while desaturation was less pronounced with @entity1240 . Cardiac response to @entity519 was blunted with @entity1240 in both genders. Similar results were found in the longitudinal study, with a decrease in cardiac and an increase in ventilatory response to @entity519 with @entity1240 . These adaptive responses were less pronounced or absent in post-menopausal untrained @entity1 . In conclusion, in normal healthy and active subjects, @entity1240 has no deleterious effect on cardiac and ventilatory responses to @entity519 , at least up to the eighth decade. Aging is not a contraindication for high altitude, as far as no pathological condition interferes and physical fitness is compatible with the intensity of the expected physical demand of one's individual. Physiological evaluation through @entity519 exercise testing before going to high altitude is helpful to detect risk factors of severe high altitude-related diseases.

title: Aging, Tolerance to High Altitude, and Cardiorespiratory Response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess potential differences in perioperative features and survival between laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy and conventional transabdominal hysterectomy in @entity1204 . DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized clinical study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Acute-care, teaching hospital. @entity1 : A total of 370 @entity1 undergoing hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with surgical staging for primary treatment for clinical @entity1204 from January 1995 through June 2001. INTERVENTION: Clinical outcomes and survival in @entity1 treated with laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (n = 55) and hysterectomy using the conventional abdominal approach (n = 315) were compared. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Baseline characteristics and histopathologic variables were similar in both groups. A total of 91.4% of @entity1 underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy and 49.7% paraaortic lymphadenectomy. The median follow-up was 38.1 months. @entity190 , blood transfusions required, and length of stay were significantly lower in the laparoscopic group, but surgical time was significantly longer. The mean number of pelvic and aortic nodes recovered was higher in the laparoscopic group (p < .001). Differences in overall and recurrence-free survival rates were not observed. CONCLUSION: Surgical staging of early-stage @entity1204 by laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy is feasible, with lower perioperative morbidity and shorter hospital stay compared with transabdominal hysterectomy. Prognosis and survival were not affected by the laparoscopic vaginal approach to hysterectomy.

title: Analysis of survival after laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy compared with the conventional abdominal approach for early-stage XXXX : a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'stage I endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the main causes of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in @entity1 treated on an intensive care unit (ICU) is @entity295 . The identification of new biomarkers indicating the early development and future course of @entity810 are of utmost medical interest. The C-terminal @entity12571 fragment (CAF) is measurable in blood serum and might reflect kidney function. Therefore, this study evaluates CAF in @entity1 presenting to an internal ICU with severe @entity295 or @entity326 . Serum levels of CAF are correlated with biomarkers of kidney function, markers of systemic @entity32 , and the presence of @entity810 and renal replacement therapy (RRT). METHODS: 61 @entity1 suffering from severe @entity295 or @entity326 were included during the first 24 hours of ICU treatment and blood samples for biomarker measurements, i.e., CAF, creatinine, @entity9649 , procalcitonin (PCT), @entity650 , @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and white blood cells (WBC) were collected on the first day of intensive care treatment. The number of RRT days and the incidence of @entity810 were documented. RESULTS: 13% of the @entity1 (8/61) suffered from SIRS/ @entity295 , 20% (12/61) from severe @entity295 , and 67% (41/61) from @entity326 . Serum levels of CAF significantly correlated with creatinine (r = 0.623, p < 0.001) and @entity9649 (r = 0.578, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses adjusting CAF for inflammatory parameters (i.e., WBC, @entity1851 , @entity650 , PCT), age, and gender showed a strong correlation between CAF and creatinine (r = 0.643, p < 0.001). Serum levels of CAF were significantly associated with the need of RRT (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.772, 95% CI: 0.641-0.903, p = 0.002) and the incidence of @entity810 (AUC = 0.721, 95% CI: 591-0.850, p = 0.004) as indicated by ROC analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 suffering from severe @entity295 and @entity326 , serum levels of CAF were significantly associated with kidney function and RRT and were not influenced by severe septic conditions.

title: C-terminal @entity12571 fragment (CAF) reflects renal function in @entity1 suffering from severe XXXX or @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2316 is now the commonest single cause of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) in New Zealand. AIMS: To investigate differences in the natural history of established @entity8 in @entity164 1 and 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the rate of progression to @entity454 in 17 subjects with @entity164 1 @entity6 (predominantly European) compared to 29 subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 (all Polynesian). The rate of decline of renal function was determined from serial creatinine measurements (median 5, range 3-8) during progression of @entity177 to end stage. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from creatinine measurements using the Cockcroft Gault equation, and the regression slope of these measurements against time was used to determine rate of change of renal function. RESULTS: GFR fell significantly more rapidly in the group with @entity164 2 @entity6 than in those with @entity164 1 @entity6 : median 1.7 (interquartile range 1.2 to 2.3) mL min-1 month-1 vs 1.1 (interquartile range 0.4 to 1.5) mL min-1 month-1, p = 0.017. During the study period the mean reduction in diastolic blood pressure in subjects with @entity164 1 @entity6 (15 mmHg) was greater than that in the @entity164 2 subjects (8 mmHg), but the stage at which antihypertensives were commenced was similar in the two groups. Glycaemic control was worse in the subjects with @entity164 1 @entity6 (p < 0.005). The differences in blood pressure control were not significant on analysis of covariance which indicated that ethnicity was the major determinant of the different rates of decline of GFR between the groups. We conclude that in subjects with @entity2316 the rate of progression to @entity454 is more rapid in Polynesians with @entity164 2 @entity6 than in Europeans with @entity164 1 @entity6 . This could contribute to the apparent excess of @entity164 2 diabetic subjects of Polynesian origin on renal replacement programmes in New Zealand.

title: Rates of progression to end stage @entity177 in @entity8 secondary to type 1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRF', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a @entity1707 model of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation with jejunum drainage and portal venous drainage. METHODS: Forty @entity1707 were randomly divided into the donor group and recipient group. University of Wisconsin (UW) solution was used for both in situ flush and storage of all organs under cold storage conditions. Whole pancreaticoduodenal graft was harvested with segments of abdominal aorta and portal vein and shaped under cold UW solution. Then, the end-to-end @entity254 was performed with the donor iliac artery bifurcation Y graft to the recipient superior mesenteric arteries and celiac artery. Furthermore, type I @entity6 model was made by @entity1211 was reconstructed between the donor portal vein and the recipient superior mesenteric vein. Meanwhile, the end-to-side @entity254 was performed with the donor common iliac artery bifurcation Y graft to the recipient abdomial aorta, and the side-to-side intestinal @entity254 between the donor duodenum and the recipient jejunum was performed. RESULTS: Twenty piges were subjected to pancreaticoduodenal transplantation, in which 1 died from @entity1576 because of anesthesia, and 2 had @entity715 and @entity1188 in the pancreatic graft after transplantation. 17 cases showed normal blood sugar in peripheral circulation 24 hours after operation, the mean survival of the graft was 18.6 +/- 2.6 days. CONCLUSION: The technique of duodenal transplantation with jejunum drainage and portal venous drainage may pave the way for the further development of pancreas transplantation in clinical practice. It can be utilized in basic research of pancreas transplantation.

title: [Establishment of whole pancreaticoduodenal allotransplantation model with jejunum drainage and portal venous drainage in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the recipient pancreas The venous anastomosis']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: The Measurement of serum (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan (beta-glucan) has been considered to be useful in the early diagnosis of @entity3217 . In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of beta-glucan in @entity1143 or liquor from @entity1 with various conditions. beta-glucan was measured in 29 samples of @entity1143 from 27 @entity1 (male: 17, female: 10 median age: 62.1). Two @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis treatment were excluded from the study of normal range of beta-glucan in these samples. beta-glucan was also measured in 39 samples of liquor from 23 inpatients (male: 15, female: 8 median age: 48.4) with certain @entity16 . In these cases, only two @entity1 had @entity3217 . beta-glucan in the @entity1143 from a @entity1 with Aspergillus pyothorax showed an extremely high value of more than 1100 pg/ml. Slight elevation of beta-glucan was observed in the spinal fluid from a @entity1 with cryptococal, @entity693 . In the other cases with no @entity281 or any factor influencing the value of beta-glucan, beta-glucan in @entity1143 and spinal fluid were generally lower than the normal range of serum samples. However, there is false positive elevation of beta-glucan in @entity1143 . The above results indicated that measurement of beta-glucan in @entity1143 or spinal fluid may be useful for the diagnosis of @entity281 as the cause of @entity5641 or @entity693 .

title: [Clinical significance of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan in XXXX and liquor].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['deep mycosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic infection']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4710 have been reported in as high as 50% of adult heart recipients. Limited information is available on @entity943 in pediatric transplant @entity1 . Our objective was to determine the prevalence and significance of @entity4710 following pediatric heart transplantation. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records, electrocardiograms, and Holter recordings of all consecutive @entity1 following heart transplantation at @entity1 's Hospital, Boston (n = 104) and Lucile Packard @entity1 's Hospital, Stanford (n = 123) was performed. The study group consisted of 227 @entity1 with a median age at transplant of 10.2 yrs (1 day-23.3 yrs). RESULTS: @entity4710 occurred in 32 @entity1 (14%) at a median of 15 days post-transplant (1 day-9.2 yrs) and included @entity956 (n = 13), @entity955 (n = 7), ectopic @entity591 (n = 5), atrioventricular reciprocating @entity591 or atrioventricular node reentry (n = 5), and other (n = 2). @entity956 was the only @entity591 associated with allograft rejection (6/13 @entity956 vs. 0/7 @entity955 vs. 0/5 ectopic @entity591 , p = 0.03). @entity1 with @entity955 had a 2.5 fold (95%CI 1.7-3.5) higher risk of @entity204 or retransplant compared to @entity1 without @entity955 . Ectopic @entity591 tended to occur in younger recipients compared to @entity955 and flutter (2.7 yrs vs 18.6 yrs and 8.5 yrs respectively, p = 0.06) and was associated with a benign clinical course. There was no association between @entity4710 and graft ischemic time, surgical technique, or @entity453 . Pacemakers were required in 12 @entity1 (5.2%), 7 with @entity1817 and 5 for intermittent complete @entity713 . There was no consistent association between the need for permanent pacing and @entity453 , rejection, or surgical technique. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4710 and permanent pacing were uncommon in this cohort of pediatric heart transplant recipients. Association with cardiac rejection, clinical course, and mortality varied depending on the @entity591 mechanism.

title: XXXX and permanent pacing after pediatric heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia', 'tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'Atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias and permanent pacing', 'Atrial tachyarrhythmias', 'atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['Atrial tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CT assist for intraarterial chemotherapy in relation to the therapeutic outcomes of intraarterial chemoradiation for advanced @entity135 with extension across the anatomical midline (EAM). METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated 64 consecutive @entity1 . In total, 26 and 38 @entity1 had @entity5 with or without EAM, respectively. These @entity1 underwent an intraarterial @entity900 infusion (200  mg/m(2), days 1 and 35) and intravenous @entity1487 infusion (800  mg/m(2), days 1-5 and 36-39) concomitantly with radiotherapy. Angiography-assisted CT was performed to confirm complete coverage during the intraarterial chemotherapy. The accuracy of diagnosing @entity5 vessels by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic analysis by two radiologists. The overall survival and locoregional control rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: DSA was not useful for diagnosing @entity5 vessels. The 2-year overall survival rates for the @entity1 with @entity5 with or without EAM were 83 and 90  %, while the 2-year locoregional control rates were 95 and 82  %, respectively. Locoregional control or the overall survival rates showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Intraarterial chemotherapy using angiography-assisted CT during chemoradiation therapy can achieve comparable therapeutic outcomes for @entity5 with and without EAM.

title: Effectiveness of CT assists for intraarterial chemotherapy: therapeutic outcome of chemoradiation for advanced XXXX extending across the anatomical midline.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Buruli @entity1066 is a devastating @entity7823 in tropical countries. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained by interviewing @entity1 with this disease and control subjects in Ghana. Common perceived causes were witchcraft and curses. Other reported causes were personal hygiene, environment, and close contact with a @entity1 with this disease. Financial difficulties, fear of the mutilating aspects of treatment, and social stigma were the main reasons found for delay in obtaining treatment. @entity1 are reluctant to seek treatment outside their own community. @entity1 often expected medical treatment instead of surgery, and underestimated the duration of hospital admission. The stigma of the disease is huge, and is strongly associated with the mysterious nature of the condition, the lack of knowledge about its mode of transmission, and the lack of proper treatment. Stigma scores were higher in unaffected respondents and in a less endemic location. Education on the disease, usually propagated for early case detection, might be useful in reducing stigma.

title: Beliefs and attitudes toward Buruli XXXX in Ghana.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7823 :: ('MESH:D021821', 'Disease') :: ['emerging disease']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: @entity5 frequently have deletions ofchromosomal loci on 1p and 19q. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 10 may be a negative prognostic factor. We reviewed 23 @entity1 with @entity5 , to evaluate the frequency of 1p and 10q LOH and correlate with clinical outcome. Three loci (D1S402, D1S1172, MCT118) on 1p and 2 loci (D10S520 and D10S521) on 10q were analyzed for LOH using PCR techniques. Sixteen @entity3271 (6 low grade and 10 anaplastic) and 7 oligoastrocytomas (1 low grade and 6 anaplastic) were studied. Overall 14/22 (64%) showed 1p LOH and 7/23 (30%) showed 10q LOH. Of 7 @entity1 with some response to chemotherapy, all showed 1p LOH and none had 10q LOH. Of 5 @entity1 with stable or progressive disease, 1 had 1p LOH and 2 showed 10q LOH. The presence of 1p LOH was significantly associated with response to chemotherapy (p = 0.02). Median progression free survival (PFS) was 31 months for 1p intact @entity1 and 118 months for the 1p LOH group (p = 0.014). Median PFS for 10q LOH @entity1 was 31 and 118 months for @entity1 with intact chromosome 10 (p = 0.016).1p LOH is a predictor of response to chemotherapy and a good prognostic factor. 10q LOH is less common in @entity5 but predicts for worse outcome. Molecular genotyping of @entity5 is recommended as part of the standard diagnostic workup.

title: Loss of heterozygosity for loci on chromosome arms 1p and 10q in XXXX : relationship to outcome and chemosensitivity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglial tumors', 'Oligodendroglial tumors']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oligodendroglial tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined epidural- @entity1875 anesthesia with use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) via the nose has been used routinely in our operating theaters. The purpose of this report was to present a survey of this anesthesia. MATERIAL/METHODS: 265 adult @entity1 undergoing lower extremity or lower abdominal gynecological surgery during 1999 were examined. After epidural anesthesia, @entity1 were given @entity1875 infusion. NPPV was applied with an inspiratory/expiratory positive airway pressure of 14/8 cm @entity2507 , a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min, and @entity26 delivery into the nasal mask resulting in a concentration of 40% or an inspiratory @entity26 fraction of 0.35. Epidural anesthesia was continuously applied after surgery for postoperative @entity158 relief. Various data related to the surgery or anesthesia were evaluated both on the day of surgery and on postoperative day 1. RESULTS: Of 265 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 could not receive our anesthetic protocol. Of the residual 262 @entity1 , no @entity1 showed serious clinical problems during anesthesia, excluding for @entity551 , which was observed in 31-56% @entity1 and was treated with ephedrine injection. @entity1 informed us of good @entity1337 (98%), feelings (78%) and dreams (47%). On postoperative day 1, postoperative @entity1337 and mood conditions were satisfactory. There were no @entity1 complaining of @entity3596 . CONCLUSIONS: The principle of our anesthesia consists of epidural anesthesia, sole @entity1875 infusion and noninvasive airway management, so as to provide an anesthetic technique with minimal invasiveness. Although airway maintenance by NPPV is not always suitable, our anesthesia is practicable for certain kinds of operations.

title: A survey of combined epidural- XXXX anesthesia with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation as a minimally invasive anesthetic protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3596 :: ('MESH:D058926', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative awareness']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: A multicenter study investigated the clinical characteristics and overall outcome of 342 cases of @entity1756 among 6783 ruptured intracranial @entity439 in 73 hospitals across the Tohoku district in Japan between 1992 and 1996. The incidence of @entity1756 was less frequent than previously reported. The incidence was 5% among all intracranial @entity439 . One hundred eleven @entity1 had @entity439 of the basilar artery bifurcation, 98 had @entity5487 , 44 had basilar-superior @entity438 , and 28 had distal posterior @entity5487 . @entity439 clipping was performed in 238 cases (70%), intravascular treatment in 22 (6%), drainage in 22 (6%), and conservative treatment in 60 (18%). Approximately 50% of @entity1 were in good condition at admission. At 3-month follow up, 46% had good recovery, 14% had moderate disability, 10% had severe disability, 4% were vegetative state, and 27% died. @entity438 showed favorable outcomes compared to basilar artery bifurcation @entity439 . Surgical results in the 238 operated cases were good recovery in 60%, moderate disability in 18%, severe disability in 10%, vegetative state in 2%, and @entity204 in 11% of cases. Worse postoperative outcomes were observed in @entity1 with high preoperative Hunt and Kosnik grades or @entity439 larger than 10 mm, and in @entity1 over 70 years of age.

title: Cooperative study of XXXX in the Tohoku district in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured vertebrobasilar artery aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'berry aneurysms', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral-posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms', 'inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral artery aneurysms', 'cerebellar artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured vertebrobasilar artery aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical presentation and outcomes of treatment for @entity1 with @entity511 involving the skull base and temporal bone. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Tertiary medical centre. @entity1 : Cases of histologically confirmed @entity511 involving the skull base and temporal bones. INTERVENTION: Surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic features of presenting @entity1 ; presenting symptoms and signs; surgical approach employed; use of post-operative radiation therapy; histological grade of @entity5 ; and interval of post-operative follow up. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were identified with @entity511 involving the skull base, with post-operative follow up ranging from three to 33 years. The average age at presentation was 42 years. The most common presenting symptoms were @entity892 , decreased visual acuity and @entity10 . Five of the 12 @entity1 required multiple surgical procedures. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity511 involving the skull base and temporal bone may present in a variety of ways. Surgical resection, even subtotal, in combination with radiation therapy, can often provide good @entity5 control over many years for these rare @entity5 .

title: XXXX of the skull base and temporal bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['Chondrosarcomas']


abstract: The degree of correlation between sequencing and immunohistochemisty (IHC) for detecting mutations of @entity876 has not been well established in @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ). We analyzed 36 @entity5462 from Korean @entity1 for @entity876 mutation at exons 4-10 by PCR-SSCP and sequencing, and compared the results with the IHC positivity. @entity876 mutations were identified in 7 out of 36 @entity5462 (19.4%). These mutations were found widely throughout exons 4-8. No mutation was detected in codon 249. Among the 7 mutations, 6 missense mutations were detected in 15 @entity5462 with > or =5% immunoreactive @entity5 cells and one nonsense mutation was in 21 @entity5462 with <5% immunoreactive @entity5 cells. The sensitivity for @entity876 mutation was 85.7% (6/7), the specificity 69.0% (20/29), the predictive value of positive IHC 40.0% (6/15), and the predictive value of negative IHC 95.2% (20/21). Two missense mutations were detected in 25 cases with <10% immunoreactive @entity5 cells. Predictive values of both positive IHC and negative IHC were higher in > or =5% overexpression group than in > or =10% overexpression group or >0% overexpression group. This study suggests that 5% immunoreactivity is a reliable immunohistochemical threshold value to detect @entity876 mutations in @entity5462 and the spectrum of @entity876 mutations in @entity5462 in Korean @entity1 is different from that of high @entity4078 exposure areas.

title: Correlation of mutation and immunohistochemistry of XXXX in @entity157 in Korean @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4078 :: ('MESH:D016604', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin B1']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Ethnic/racial differences in the prevalence of @entity146 have been reported in hospital studies conducted in the United States, but general population studies find little or no evidence of higher rates of disorder in Black communities than White communities. Thus, ethnic/racial differences in the prevalence of @entity146 in treated samples may be due to biased estimates. Aside from sampling bias, 4 hypothetical models of ethnic/racial differences may account for such bias: sociocultural, self-selection, social selection, and clinician bias. The present article reviews and performs limited tests of these 4 models. DESIGN: @entity10963 is considered a key symptom in biases associated with ethnic/racial differences in @entity146 . Black, Latino, and White community and @entity1 samples are compared, via secondary analysis of data from an epidemiologic study, in terms of their expression of a range of paranoid symptoms. @entity1 : The study sample consisted of 404 community residents, 96 @entity1 with @entity308 , and 65 @entity1 with nonorganic, nonaffective @entity914 (mainly DSM III @entity161 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hypothesis-testing involved 2 approaches: 1) standard significance tests of mean differences between groups; and 2) an analysis of the patterns of mean scores across the @entity10963 scales from the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview by ethnic/racial group and diagnostic category. RESULTS: The results of this study favor the sociocultural explanation of bias associated with ethnic/racial differences in @entity146 . CONCLUSION: To reduce disparities in ethnic/racial patterns of psychiatric hospitalizations, the biases associated with differences in the sociocultural backgrounds of providers and @entity1 need to be addressed.

title: Ethnic/racial differences in XXXX : a test of four hypotheses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['Paranoia', 'paranoia']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the levels of @entity2520 in individuals on renal dialysis in a Jordanian population. METHOD AND MATERIALS: A total of 47 individuals (mean age = 42.9 years, standard deviation [SD] 12.5) were examined for plaque deposits, @entity2522 , @entity2521 , and dental caries using the Silness and L  e plaque index (PII), L  e and Silness gingival index (GI), @entity5951 ( @entity5951 ), and decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT), respectively. @entity1464 also was recorded using the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the gingival margin. @entity1 were categorized into three subgroups based on their renal dialysis histories: on dialysis for less than 1 year; on dialysis for 1 to 3 years; or on dialysis longer than 3 years. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in PII, GI, @entity5951 , and @entity1464 among the three subgroups examined. The GI revealed that 55% scored more than 2, indicating moderate to severe @entity2522 . None of the individuals in this study displayed an absence of @entity32 . DMFT index showed that there were statistically significant differences between subjects on renal dialysis for less than 1 year and subjects on dialysis for 1 to 3 years and more than 3 years. The group DMFT index mean was 8.5 (SD 2.88). CONCLUSION: Gingival and @entity7291 are prevalent in the renal dialysis population. The dental community's awareness of the implication of poor oral health within this population should be elevated and daily oral health maintenance should be reinforced by the dialysis team.

title: XXXX in a Jordanian population on renal dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession', 'Gingival recession']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease and dental caries']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['PPD', 'probing pocket depth']

entities_list: @entity7291 :: ('MESH:D009057', 'Disease') :: ['dental diseases']

answer: @entity7291 :: (MESH:D009057,Disease) :: ['Dental diseases']


abstract: @entity547 is a rare clinical condition, it represents about 1.5% of hernial formation cases of the abdominal wall. It is localised laterally to the rectus muscle and emerges from the semilunar arch. The line, which joins the IX rib to the pubic tubercle, defines the limit between muscular and aponeurotic portion of trasversus abdominis muscle. Diagnosis often results misunderstood. As a matter of fact, this @entity547 has typically an intraparietal localization and the clinical picture seldom presents characteristic signs. The hernial sac and its content can be appreciated subcutaneously in only 2% of cases. It is estimated that about 50% of @entity1 affected by this condition have a certain diagnosis before surgery. The early clinical signs are generally aspecific and deceitful, represented by oppressive grief and rarely by an @entity5 ; it occurs that it starts with a complication: @entity432 (23%), subocclusion (8%), strangulation (20%, but some authors report percentage up to 50%). We report 5 cases who came to our observation during the last 7 years; all @entity1 underwent elective surgery, and specifically 3 @entity1 in day surgery. Starting from the discussion of these cases, we review anatomy, etiology, clinical nature, instrumental investigation and surgical technique of this rare kind of @entity547 , comparing our experience to literature reported case histories.

title: [Spigelio's XXXX . Anatomo-clinical considerations and description of 5 clinical cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall tumor']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'Spigelian hernia, or ventro-lateral hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: Suppression of the growth of orbit and skull in 13 @entity995 @entity1 treated by radiotherapy was investigated. The age of @entity1 at the time of treatment ranged from 1 month to 6 years and 11 months. They were examined after three to 18 years. Suppression of the growth in involved areas and other parts of the skull within the beam of radiation were estimated by inspection, X-ray findings, and @entity9325 examinations. The involved orbit received more than 32 Gy, and the suppression of bone growth was prominent. At the opposite temporal bone, suppression of growth was prominent in eight cases out of 11, in these cases, the radiation dose was at least 14 Gy. Two cases, in whom the radiation dose was less than 12.6 Gy, have not shown any suppression of bony growth. Results were also obtained for a nominal single dose (ret). In all cases of more than 1,000 ret, suppression was prominent, but at less than 1,000 ret, four out of nine cases, and at less than 600 ret, two out of four cases showed suppression of bony growth. If the safety dose to avoid the suppression of bony growth is 400 ret, this is equivalent to three times the radiation dose of 200 cGy. In conclusion, the suppression of bony growth of the orbit and temporal area of the skull of young @entity1 is caused by very small doses of radiation.

title: Suppression of bony growth of the orbit after radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: Two cases of unresectable @entity788 underwent percutaneous @entity1068 injection ( @entity8681 ). The first was a 65-year-old @entity1 with a 43 x 39 mm mass in the head of the pancreas. He received @entity8681 (total 38.5 ml of @entity1068 ) 6 times. Serum CA19-9 decreased from 3,800 U/ml to 1,700 U/ml. The @entity1 was dead 6 months after @entity8681 . Autopsy revealed @entity39 at the site of @entity1068 injection. The second case was a 66-year-old @entity1 with a 70 x 50 mm mass in the body of the pancreas. He was treated by @entity8681 (total 10 ml). After @entity8681 , his @entity490 was relieved considerably. He died 4 months after @entity8681 treatment. These findings suggest that @entity8681 may be useful not only for @entity158 control but also for @entity5 reduction of unresectable @entity788 .

title: [Percutaneous XXXX injection for unresectable @entity788 -report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['coagulative necrosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: @entity25 and @entity25 are associated with @entity32 and related disorders including @entity65 , @entity625 , @entity6 , and certain @entity5 . This study was undertaken to test the effects of experimental @entity25 on spontaneous cellular @entity32 and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family proteins, which together promote an inflammatory microenvironment. In 24 healthy adults (16 females; 8 males), spontaneous production of @entity650 and @entity310 in monocytes and spontaneous intranuclear expression of activated @entity6897 , @entity4104 , and @entity11715 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), monocyte-, and lymphocyte populations were measured in the morning after uninterrupted baseline sleep, @entity1949 ( @entity1949 , sleep period from 3a.m. to 7a.m.), and recovery sleep. Relative to baseline, spontaneous monocytic expression of @entity650 and @entity310 was significantly greater after @entity1949 (P<0.02) and after recovery sleep (P<0.01). Relative to baseline, spontaneous monocytic expression of activated @entity6897 and @entity11715 was significantly greater after recovery sleep (P<0.007 and P<0.02, respectively) but not @entity4104 (P=0.09). No changes in @entity6897 , @entity4104 , or @entity11715 were found in lymphocyte populations. Sleep loss induces activation of spontaneous cellular innate immunity and of STAT family proteins, which together map the dynamics of @entity25 on the molecular signaling pathways that regulate inflammatory and other immune responses. Treatments that target @entity25 have the potential to constrain @entity32 and reduce the risk for @entity5 in @entity1 .

title: Sleep loss activates cellular @entity32 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['PSD', 'partial sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders and some cancers', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['short sleep duration', 'sleep loss', 'Sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) are @entity548 events associated with @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ). Strictly lobar @entity1779 and strictly deep @entity1779 are likely caused by @entity8267 ( @entity8267 ) and hypertensive @entity4065 , respectively. @entity10334 ( @entity10334 ) reflects an ischaemic change in @entity6249 , and @entity10334 severity has been correlated with @entity1779 . However, whether different locations (aetiologies) of @entity1779 correlate with @entity10334 is unknown. METHODS: @entity1 receiving brain MRI and tbl2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo scans in a @entity64 outpatient department were screened for @entity1779 . The MRI results of the @entity1 with @entity1779 were sent to investigators for further review and were evaluated using the Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale. Cerebral microbleed severity was graded using a numerical scale. @entity10334 severity was assessed using the Fazekas scale. RESULTS: @entity1779 were observed in 14.6% of the 1289 screened @entity1 . The CMB incidence increased with age (in years, <   50: 1.3%; 50-59: 10.7%; 60-69: 17.6% and >=    70: 23.6%; P   =   0.000). The CMB locations were distributed as follows: 23.4% strictly lobar, 12.2% strictly deep, 6.4% strictly infratentorial and 58.0% mixed. Cerebral microbleed severity correlated with the total Fazekas scale score. The numbers of lobar, deep and infratentorial @entity1779 correlated with the total Fazekas scale score. The mixed CMB group displayed a significantly higher Fazekas scale score than the strictly lobar CMB group (P   =   0.000). DISCUSSION: Cerebral microbleed incidence increased with age. Mixed CMB type displayed the highest incidence. The severity and number of @entity1779 at any location correlated with @entity10334 severity. These results suggested interactions between @entity101 and @entity8267 during @entity10334 progression.

title: Quantitative assessment and correlation analysis of cerebral microbleed distribution and @entity10334 in XXXX outpatients.

entities_list: @entity8267 :: ('MESH:D016657', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral amyloid angiopathy', 'CAA']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4065 :: ('MESH:C537440', 'Disease') :: ['arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small vessel disease', 'SVD']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['LA', 'Leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral microbleeds', 'CMBs']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: The use of @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) in chronic @entity955 ( @entity955 ) may be limited by procedure-related distress. This procedure may be efficacious but is not necessarily perceived as satisfactory by the @entity1 because of the frequent procedure-related distress. METHODS: We compared treatment satisfaction in 55 @entity1 with chronic @entity955 referred for cardioversion (CV). Satisfaction with conventional external cardioversion (EC, n = 27) and low-energy @entity3538 (n = 28) was compared immediately after the approach and at 28-day follow-up. RESULTS: Four hours after CV, satisfaction scores (ranging from 0 to 7) were higher with EC (mean 6.1 standard deviation [SD] +/- 1.4) versus @entity3538 (m = 5.4 SD +/- 1.8) (p = 0.09). At 28 days, treatment satisfaction decreased in EC (m = 5.5 SD +/- 2.1) and increased in the @entity3538 group (5.7 SD +/- 1.8) because of a decrease in the trustful attitude subscale (p = 0.026) followed by tolerance for distressing factors (p = 0.059). The analysis of variance for repeated measures revealed a significant time by method interaction effect (p = 0.04). @entity1 prone to developing low treatment satisfaction (LTS) at follow-up were more anxious (p = 0.007) before treatment. They suffered more from sleeping disorders (p = 0.009) and considered their disease condition to be worse than that in their counterparts (p = 0.027). Low treatment satisfaction at 28 days was associated with @entity148 (p = 0.017), @entity308 (p = 0.01), and the perception of heart-related symptoms (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed the failure to maintain sinus rhythm (p = 0.001) as the most powerful contributor to LTS. CONCLUSIONS: The novel @entity3538 approach causes acute procedure-related distress but has no enduring negative @entity458 . Despite a greater @entity1 perception of distressing procedure-related factors during @entity3538 compared with EC, the @entity3538 approach provides a greater 28-day benefit in terms of tolerability and acceptance on the part of the @entity1 . Failure to maintain sinus rhythm rather than the method applied contributes most to LTS.

title: Treatment satisfaction of internal versus external cardioversion in @entity1 with chronic XXXX --a randomized, prospective, 28-day follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'internal cardioversion']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological side effects']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: In this study we evaluate temporal summation (wind-up) of reflexes in select distal and proximal hindlimb muscles in response to repeated stimuli of the distal tibial or superficial peroneal nerves in @entity468 1 month following complete spinal transection. This report is a continuation of our companion paper on reflex wind-up in the intact and acutely spinalized cat. To evaluate reflex wind-up in both studies we recorded EMG signals from the following left hindlimb muscles: lateral gastrocnemius (LG), tibialis anterior (TA), semitendinosus (ST) and sartorius (Srt) in response to 10 electrical pulses to the tibial or superficial peroneal nerves. Two distinct components of the reflex responses were considered, a short latency @entity8119 ( @entity8119 ) and a longer duration bout of sustained activity (SA). These two response types were shown to be differentially modified by acute @entity3510 in our companion paper (Frigon, Johnson et al. 2012). We show that these responses exhibit continued plasticity during the 1-month recovery period following acute spinalization. During this early chronic phase, wind-up of SA responses returned to pre-injury levels in one muscle, the ST, but remained @entity308 in all other muscles tested. In contrast @entity8119 response amplitudes, which were initially potentiated following acute transection, returned to pre-injury levels in all muscles except for Srt, which continued to show marked increase. These findings illustrate that spinal elements exhibit considerable plasticity during the recovery process following @entity3510 and highlight the importance of considering SA and @entity8119 responses as distinct phenomena with unique underlying neural mechanisms.

title: Reflex wind-up in early chronic XXXX : plasticity of motor outputs.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity8119 :: ('MESH:C537188', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'compound action potential']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

answer: @entity3510 :: (MESH:D013124,Disease) :: ['spinal injury']


abstract: The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor I ( @entity4208 ) on the maturation and subsequent development of @entity291 oocytes in vitro were evaluated in three experiments. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were collected from @entity291 ovaries and matured for 20-24 in control medium or in medium containing 50 ng EGF ml-1, 100 ng @entity4208 ml-1, EGF + @entity4208 , or 10% (v/V) fetal calf serum plus 0.1 i.u. @entity1 menopausal gonadotrophin ml-1 (hMG). In Expt 1, treatment with EGF + @entity4208 stimulated cumulus expansion, the metabolism of @entity2388 and @entity1160 , and nuclear maturation. In Expt 2, only the metabolic measurements from oocytes that reached metaphase II were considered, and EGF + @entity4208 stimulated @entity2388 metabolism to the same extent as serum + hMG. In Expt 3, the oocytes were fertilized after maturation culture, and the resultant embryos cultured for up to 8 days. The cleavage was greater in the EGF and EGF + @entity4208 groups than in the controls but less than in the serum + hMG group. Moreover, the number of blastocyst cells at 7 days after insemination and the proportion of cleaved embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage by day 8 was greater in the serum + hMG group than in the control group indicating that maturation treatment can affect early embryonic development. In conclusion, EGF + @entity4208 can stimulate cumulus expansion, oxidative metabolism, nuclear maturation and cleavage after fertilization of @entity291 oocytes in vitro. The relative effects of the treatments on oocyte @entity2388 metabolism in Expts 1 and 2 generally paralleled their effects on cleavage and subsequent development in Expt 3, suggesting that mitochondrial function is related to developmental potential. Further investigation is required to determine which component(s) of serum or gonadotrophin treatment is responsible for the effects on subsequent embryonic development.

title: The effects of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I on the metabolic activity, nuclear maturation and subsequent development of XXXX oocytes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: The onset of intracranial @entity3 is a common development during the course of @entity5 . The treatment of these @entity1 represents a significant workload in any radiation oncology department. Much debate has occurred regarding the most appropriate fractionation schedules employed given the perception of limited life expectancy and symptomatic relief following cranial radiation. The aim of this study was to identify the spectrum of primary sites in @entity1 developing intracranial @entity3 and to assess survival postradiation for the group overall and for selected subgroups. The records of 378 @entity1 undergoing palliative cranial radiation in the years 1993-1998 at Sydney's Mater and Royal North Shore hospitals were analysed retrospectively. Major primary sites were lung (42%), breast (18%), colorectal (9%), @entity320 (7%), and unknown primary (7%). Overall median survival post-treatment was 3 months. @entity2 @entity1 showed a median survival of 6 months, breast 5 months, colorectal 4 months and @entity320 3 months. Long-term survivors were noted with up to 15% of certain groups alive beyond 12 months and 2% alive at 24 months. Multivariate analysis revealed improved survival in @entity1 undergoing resection, and those receiving higher dose radiation justifying a more aggressive approach in selected @entity1 .

title: Survival with brain XXXX following radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity378 remains a challenge, especially in high-burden settings. Cytokines and chemokines are important in the pathogenesis of @entity378 . Here we investigate the usefulness of circulating and compartmentalized cytokines/chemokines for diagnosis of @entity378 . The levels of multiple cytokines/chemokines in plasma, pleural fluid (PF), and cerebrospinal fluid ( @entity2841 ) were determined by Luminex liquid array-based multiplexed immunoassays. Three of 26 cytokines/chemokines in plasma were significantly different between @entity378 and @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ). Among them, @entity371 and @entity373 had the highest diagnostic values, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) of 0.92 for @entity371 and 0.86 for @entity373 for distinguishing @entity378 from @entity9178 . However, @entity371 and @entity373 levels in plasma were not different between @entity378 and @entity358 . In contrast, compartmentalized @entity371 and @entity373 in the PF and @entity2841 showed promising diagnostic values in discriminating @entity378 and @entity1143 (AUC = 0.87 for @entity371 for @entity373 ), as well as @entity1906 and @entity1906 (AUC = 0.9 for @entity371 for @entity373 ). A longitudinal study showed that the plasma levels of @entity371 , @entity373 , @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), and @entity379 ) decreased, while the levels of @entity2842 / @entity2842 and @entity14700 / @entity14700 increased, after successful treatment of @entity378 . Our findings provide a practical methodology for discriminating active @entity378 from @entity9178 by sequential IFN-y release assays (IGRAs) and plasma @entity371 testing, while increased @entity371 and @entity373 at the site of infection ( @entity2841 ) can be used as a marker for distinguishing @entity1143 and @entity693 caused by @entity378 from those of non- @entity378 origins.

title: @entity371 and @entity373 Are Compartmentalized at the Site of Disease during XXXX and Are Decreased after Antituberculosis Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'non-TB pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LTBI', 'latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['non-TB meningitis', 'TB meningitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['non-TB lung disease']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['gamma interferon (IFN-y']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['active tuberculosis (TB) disease', 'TB']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['Pleural and Meningeal Tuberculosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the anatomic changes and natural history of vitelliform lesions in @entity3987 ( @entity3987 ) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN: Prospective comparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty patients (40 eyes) with molecular confirmation of mutation in the BEST1 gene and 20 age-matched controls were included. METHODS: Color fundus photographs, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral-domain OCT were obtained, and these findings were compared between the 2 groups. Fifteen of the 20 patients with @entity3987 had more than 1 visit, and the imaging studies from each visit were compared with each other over time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Evolution of visual acuity and clinical stage of @entity3987 correlated to OCT measurement parameters, including @entity989 ( @entity989 ) thickness, central macular thickness, and integrity of the ellipsoid zone. RESULTS: Patients with @entity3987 demonstrated progressive disorganization and thinning of the submacular @entity989 on OCT when compared with normal controls. Concurrent with the appearance of "egg-yolk lesions," the OCT showed a cleft in the outer retina, creating an apical and basal separation of @entity2479 . The apical complex of the vitelliform lesion eventually degenerated and flattened. Patients with such lesions nevertheless maintained reasonable visual acuity into the advanced vitelleruptive stages despite the disruption of normal anatomic changes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that in @entity3987 , subretinal vitelliform material accumulation leads to a clear separation of the outer @entity2479 . The level at which this cleft forms is a topic of discussion and  interest, with the most likely levels of least resistance being the interdigitation zone or between the @entity989 and the Bruch's membrane. It is possible that @entity989 may continue to form a preserved photoreceptor- @entity989 complex that provides essential nutrients to the photoreceptors and in turn helps patients maintain better than expected visual acuity for years.

title: Optical Coherence Tomography Examination of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal layers']

entities_list: @entity3987 :: ('MESH:D057826', 'Disease') :: ['BVMD', 'Best vitelliform macular dystrophy', 'Best disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

answer: @entity3987 :: (MESH:D057826,Disease) :: ['Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy']