abstract: BACKGROUND: In a previous study, we showed that continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) reversed the @entity308 in left ventricular (LV) contractility in @entity235 @entity526 @entity295 by the removal of a circulating substance the molecular weight of which is less than 30,000. Despite the normalization of LV contractility, however, we were unable to demonstrate an improvement in systemic arterial blood pressure (BP), presumably because the mechanisms underlying the @entity308 in LV contractility and the decrease in BP are different in @entity295 . In the current study, we examined the effect of combined treatment with CAVH and the alpha-adrenergic agonist @entity2647 on LV mechanics and tissue @entity26 delivery in our @entity235 @entity526 model. METHODS: Measurements were obtained at baseline (condition B), after 4 h of @entity295 (condition S), and after 2 h of CAVH and @entity2647 (condition P) (total of 6 h of @entity295 ). During P, @entity2647 was infused to restore BP to that found at baseline. The slope of the end-systolic pressure-dimension relation was used as the index of LV contractility; LV anterior-posterior dimensions were measured by sonomicrometry. RESULTS: During combined CAVH and @entity2647 treatment, the decrease in the slope of the end-systolic pressure-dimension relation otherwise observed at S was reversed. The slope (mean +/- SD) was 57.5 +/- 32 mmHg/mm at B versus 22.2 +/- 8 mmHg/mm at S (P < 0.05, B vs. S) versus 62 +/- 37 mmHg at P (P < 0.05 S vs. P) (analysis of variance). Mean BP was restored to that found at B (123 +/- 19 mmHg versus 82 +/- 14 mmHg (P < 0.05 B vs. S) versus 116 +/- 27 mmHg (P < 0.05 S vs. P). Combination treatment with CAVH and @entity2647 also improved @entity64 volume (39.3 +/- 13.5 versus 32 +/- 8 versus 44 +/- 12 ml) and tissue @entity26 delivery during P compared with results obtained when @entity2647 was given alone. CONCLUSIONS: Our study offers a rationale for the combined use of @entity2647 and CAVH in the reversal of cardiac @entity308 and @entity551 in @entity295 .

title: Effect of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration combined with systemic vasopressor therapy on depressed left ventricular contractility and tissue @entity26 delivery in XXXX @entity526 @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize surgical histories typical of @entity1 with @entity5684 , thereby broadening understanding of the natural history of these @entity1 and helping physicians recognize the disease. METHODS: Data on surgical interventions from the Hunter Outcome Survey--a multinational, observational database of @entity1 with @entity5684 -were analyzed. The study population comprised 527 @entity1 for whom surgical data were reported on/before July 23, 2009. RESULTS: Surgical interventions were performed in 83.7% of the study population. @entity1 underwent their first operation at a median age of 2.6 years. Tympanostomies, repairs of @entity169 , and operations for @entity923 were performed in a greater proportion of the study population than the general population. A median of 3.0 operations was performed per @entity1 ; repeat operations for @entity547 or @entity923 were common. The majority of @entity1 (221/389) underwent at least one surgical intervention before diagnosis of @entity5684 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity5684 typically undergo surgical intervention at a young age, often before diagnosis. Repeated early surgical interventions, particularly for @entity547 or @entity923 , are characteristic of @entity1 with @entity5684 . We recommend that such @entity1 are carefully examined for manifestations of @entity74 and referred for diagnostic testing.

title: Importance of surgical history in diagnosing XXXX ( @entity5684 ): data from the Hunter Outcome Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis disorders']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias']

entities_list: @entity5684 :: ('MESH:D016532', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis type II']

answer: @entity5684 :: (MESH:D016532,Disease) :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis type II']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity599 mustard (SM) is an alkylating agent that can affect @entity267 and induce various complications. With regard to the role of the enzyme collagenase in dermatologic complications induced by sm and its role in other @entity2788 , we studied the effect of SM and @entity1568 mustard (NM) on collagen degradation by collagenase. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 7 groups of samples: The negative control group contained collagen without collagenase and toxins, the control group contained collagen and collagenase without any toxin, the positive control groups of NM and SM contained collagen and NM or SM without collagenase, the experimental groups of NM and SM contained collagen that was affected by NM or SM and collagenase, and the control group of collagenase contained only collagenase without containing collagen or receiving toxins. After incubation for 3.5 hours, the amount of @entity720 and the protein content of the samples were measured. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: The protein concentrations of the negative control group and the positive control groups of SM and NM were significantly lower than those for all other groups of the study. There was a significant difference in @entity720 concentration of control group and negative control group; however, there was no significant difference between experimental group of SM and the positive control group of SM. There was no significant difference between the negative control group and the positive control group of SM in the @entity720 concentration of sediment samples. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, SM can affect the corneal collagen in a way in which collagenase cannot degrade it. In addition, it can be hypothesized that ineffective activity of this enzyme can result in increasing concentration of collagenase, which can lead to the destruction of the normal collagen of the @entity267 . The main result of this study confirms the hypothesis that SM inhibits the effect of collagenase on corneal collagen.

title: The effect of XXXX mustard and @entity1568 mustard on corneal collagen degradation induced by the enzyme collagenase.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disorders']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: MAIN CONCLUSION: Plants have @entity6579 transacylase (LPCT) and @entity8595 : @entity15001 acyltransferase (GPCAT) activities. The combined action of LPCT and GPCAT provides a novel route of PC re-synthesis after its deacylation. @entity2434 (PC) is the major lipid in eukaryotic membranes and has a central role in overall plant lipid metabolism. It is also the site of production of @entity1474 in plants. The recently discovered @entity8595 : @entity15001 acyltransferase (GPCAT) activity in @entity375 provides a novel route of re-synthesising PC via @entity6579 ( @entity15002 ) after its deacylation. This route does not require the degradation of the @entity15001 (GPC) into free @entity1877 , the activation of @entity1877 to @entity13667 - @entity1877 , nor the utilization of @entity13667 - @entity1877 by the @entity13667 - @entity1877 : @entity2366 cholinephosphotransferase. We show here that GPCAT activities also are present in membrane preparations from developing oil seeds of safflower and other species as well as in membrane preparations of roots and leaves of @entity958 , indicating that GPCAT activity plays a ubiquitous role in plant lipid metabolism. The last step in formation of GPC, the substrate for GPCAT, is the deacylation of LPC. Microsomal membranes of developing safflower seeds utilized LPC in LPC:LPC transacylation reactions (LPCT activities) creating PC and GPC. The results demonstrate that safflower membranes have LPCT and GPCAT activities that represent novel reactions for PC acyl editing. The physiological relevance of these reactions probably has to await identification of the enzymes catalysing these reactions.

title: Novel reactions in acyl editing of XXXX by @entity6579 transacylase (LPCT) and @entity8595 : @entity15001 acyltransferase (GPCAT) activities in microsomal preparations of plant tissues.

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity15001 :: ('CHEBI:55397', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerophosphocholine']

answer: @entity2434 :: (MESH:D010713,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylcholine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity158 and quality of life in @entity1 with chronic @entity6008 . METHOD: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted. A questionnaire to assess quality of life and report the experience of @entity158 was developed. It incorporated the SF-12 questionnaire and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for the assessment of @entity158 during the day, night and at dressing change. RESULTS: A total of 381 @entity1 (233 females, 148 males) were observed from September to November 2006. The @entity1 had venous (52%), ischaemic (11%), mixed aetiology (10%), @entity101 (2%), microangiopatic (2%), @entity6 (9%) and other (14%) types of @entity1066 . @entity1 experienced more @entity158 and had a worse quality of life than @entity1 . @entity3179 had high mean VAS values during the day (44.4) and night (44.9). However, a higher mean value was recorded at dressing change, when it was similar to the mean for vascular @entity1066 (57.5 versus 56.3). There was a direct correlation between @entity158 and quality of life, which was worse for @entity1066 with a longer duration and larger area. Ulcers of less than three months' duration had mean VAS values of 38.7, 36.9, 46.8 compared with 53.8, 53.9, 62.9 for @entity1066 of over 12 months' duration. Mean SF-12 values for the physical component of the questionnaire also showed that @entity1 whose @entity1066 had a longer duration had a poorer quality of life (35.9) than @entity1 whose @entity1066 were more recent (40.9). CONCLUSION: Vascular leg @entity1066 are very painful and result in a poor quality of life, with a direct correlation with both @entity1066 duration and @entity1066 area. @entity158 relief is required, particularly at dressing changes, as is the selection of advanced wound dressings.

title: XXXX and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity6008 : an Italian multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['Venous ulcers']

entities_list: @entity6008 :: ('MESH:D007871', 'Disease') :: ['vascular leg ulcers']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: @entity0 and @entity3923 are statistically correlated with the functioning of the gonads. The authors studied whether in 58 @entity1 with @entity0 and in 36 @entity1 with @entity3923 any change was seen in the secretory pattern of gonadal @entity230 and whether there were any latent changes in the secretion of prolactin and TSH. A group of 43 @entity1 with benign gynaecological diseases served as controls. Before making the diagnosis via immediate section for microscopic examination we determined the basal values of prolactin, LH, FSH, TSH and the @entity2931 fractions E1, E2, E3, total @entity2931 and @entity1420 . In addition, we measured the increase in prolactin and TSH after stimulation with @entity1769 . Postoperatively this was followed by measuring the basal values of prolactin and TSH and their secretory performance in respect of @entity1218 . All histological diagnoses were made by an experienced pathologist. Examinations were performed under strictly standardised conditions, taking into account stress, circadian variation and the nutritional status. The following group-specific significant results were obtained (p less than 0.05-0.01): @entity3923 : high serum values of all @entity2931 fractions and of total @entity2931 , high PRL release through MTC stimulation, prolactin secretory effect after MTC in accordance with the degree of severity of epithelial proliferation, early onset of menopause. @entity0 : Low PRL and TSH release on MTC stimulation, low @entity1420 concentrations during the second cycle phase, relatively high serum concentrations of @entity53 during the first cycle phase, PRL basal values increased postoperatively, compared with preoperative values. The results led to the following conclusions: In @entity3923 @entity1 there is a connection between high @entity2931 concentrations and consecutively high prolactin release. The morphological substrate is represented by an enhanced proliferation of epithelium. In @entity1 with @entity5 of the breast reduced @entity1420 concentrations during the second half of the cycle lead us to suspect an increased incidence of @entity1887 ; in addition, it appears that the daily prolactin secretion rate in this group is on a reduced level.

title: [ XXXX and @entity0 : is there a typical hormone profile?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast', 'Carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['luteal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity3923 :: ('MESH:D005348', 'Disease') :: ['mastopathy', 'Mastopathy']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity3923 :: (MESH:D005348,Disease) :: ['Mastopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Associations between body composition and the energy expended on basal metabolism and activity are complex and age dependent. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine associations between body composition and daily (DEE), basal ( @entity5157 ), and @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) throughout the adult life span. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 529 adults aged 18-96 y. DEE was measured by using doubly labeled water, @entity5157 by using respirometry, and body composition by @entity9913 . @entity3457 was calculated as DEE - @entity5157 , and physical activity level (PAL) was calculated as DEE/ @entity5157 . RESULTS: Up to age 52 y, @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and fat mass (FM) were positively associated with age in @entity1 , but no significant effect was observed in @entity1 . No effects of age on DEE and @entity3457 were observed. The average DEE in @entity1 (14.1 MJ/d) was 27% greater than that in @entity1 (10.7 MJ/d). PAL averaged 1.84 in @entity1 and 1.75 in @entity1 . Above and including the age of 52 y, @entity1386 , FM, DEE, @entity5157 , and @entity3457 were all negatively associated with greater age. The effect of age on @entity3457 was greater than on @entity5157 ; consequently, PAL by the age of 95 y was only 1.36. PAL and @entity3457 were both unrelated to @entity1386 (both age adjusted). CONCLUSIONS: PAL and @entity3457 were not associated with age in subjects aged <52 y. @entity3457 , @entity5157 , and PAL were all negatively associated with age in subjects aged >= 52 y. An absence of a relation between age-adjusted PAL and @entity1386 suggested that greater physical activity was not associated with higher @entity1386 in the elderly.

title: Associations between energy demands, physical activity, and body composition in adult XXXX between 18 and 96 y of age.

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['AEE', 'activity energy expenditure']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fat-free mass', 'FFM']

entities_list: @entity9913 :: ('MESH:C566872', 'Disease') :: ['isotope dilution']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: The qualitative structural development of the @entity129 was studied by electron microscopy in 56 pre- and postnatal kittens and 21 young and old adult @entity468 . At 25 days post conception the nerve was composed of a bundle of small axons enclosed by primitive sheath cells. Three weeks later myelination had been initiated. Axons measuring 2-3 micrometers underwent local demyelination from 2 weeks before to 3 weeks after birth. This was accompanied and followed by nodalization of larger axons. A typical perineurium was first apparent in the newborn kitten. Six to eight weeks postnatally, the nerve appeared qualitatively mature, although axonal growth was far from completed. This coincides with achievement of a fully mature primary dentition shortly after the weanling period. Apart from a continued size growth, no changes were observed in the nerve during the transition from the primary to the permanent dentition. In the @entity129 of old @entity468 , axonal and perineurial changes co-existed with signs of @entity6661 and pathology.

title: Qualitative structural development of the feline XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['inferior alveolar nerve']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['dental attrition']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['inferior alveolar nerve']


abstract: Due to the co-circulation of @entity2858 subtypes B and F1 in Brazil, a large variety of unique @entity4011 recombinant forms (URFs_ @entity4011 ) and four circulating @entity4011 recombinant forms ( @entity22100 , @entity13235 , CRF39 and CRF40) have been described. The aim of this study was to investigate mosaic structure and phylogenetic relationship among several @entity4011 (protease-reverse transcriptase, pr/rt) recombinant sequences obtained from a group of @entity1 from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1994 to 2005. Phylogenetic relationships were estimated by Bayesian and SplitsTree methods. Recombination breakpoints were analyzed by Bootscan. Those samples presenting the same recombinant pattern in the pr/rt region were investigated in the integrase (int) and envelope (env) regions as a screening method for the detection of potential new CRFs candidates. Third out of 61 pr/rt @entity2858 @entity4011 recombinant sequences analyzed depicted unique recombinant structures and were classified URFs_ @entity4011 . The other 31 samples segregated in eight well-supported phylogenetic clusters composed of at least three samples sharing the same recombination pattern. Analyses of the int and env regions from these 31 samples revealed that 11 samples were URFs_ @entity4011 . Three and four sequences corresponded, respectively, to the previously described CRF39 and CRF40. Three samples displayed a @entity22100 -like mosaic structure, and one sample a @entity13235 -like mosaic pattern. The other nine @entity4011 samples segregate in three distinct clusters with the same recombination profile and could represent good candidates for new CRFs_BF profiles. The @entity2858 @entity4011 epidemic in Rio de Janeiro is characterized by a high prevalence (67%) of URFs_ @entity4011 and a low prevalence (4.9-6.6%) of each CRFs_BF previously identified in Brazil.

title: Analysis of XXXX BF pr/rt recombinant strains from Rio de Janeiro/Brazil reveals multiple unrelated mosaic structures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One half to one third of the @entity1 with @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ) do not achieve histological remission on initial treatment. We wondered whether these  treatment failure @entity1 are a distinct clinical subset. OBJECTIVE: To analyze @entity5202 treatment outcomes in a predominantly pediatric population. METHODS: We reviewed 100 serial @entity5202 cases at Massachusetts General Hospital starting from 2007. We defined histological remission as peak esophageal eosinophil count of less than 10/hpf. RESULTS: Ninety-seven @entity1 with @entity5202 underwent initial treatments: 54 of 81 (67%) responded to dietary therapy, and 9  of 16 (56%) responded to topical glucocorticoids. Of the 34  who failed initial treatment, 24 underwent various second treatment regimens and 54% (13 of 24) responded. Eight of the  remaining 11 who failed second treatment underwent additional treatments and 2 ultimately responded. The overall response rate by intent-to-treat analysis increased from 65% (63 of 97) with initial treatment to 78% (76 of 97) with rescue treatment, and further to 80% (78 of 97) with multiple treatments. On a per-protocol basis, the overall response rate was 93% (78 of 84); however, @entity1 who failed the first 2 rounds of therapy had only a 20% response rate. @entity1 who  responded to initial treatment were found to have more symptoms and @entity854 . Comparison of @entity1 who failed both initial and rescue therapy with those  who responded to rescue therapy did not identify any  differentiating clinical features. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the @entity1 who failed initial @entity5202 treatment could still achieve histological remission with individualized rescue treatments. No clinical features could  predict response to rescue treatment.

title: Longitudinal Perspective on Managing Refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['EoE', 'eosinophilic esophagitis']

answer: @entity5202 :: (MESH:D057765,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic Esophagitis']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine whether there are @entity141 -dependent and -independent pathways of @entity413 -induced insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cell line MIN6. @entity413 at a concentration of 16.7 mmol/l caused marked increases in cellular free @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) and insulin secretion, which depended on @entity413 metabolism. When cells were pretreated with 20 mmol/l @entity19507 , an inhibitor of @entity14224 , the 16.7 mmol/l @entity413 induced a rise in [ @entity141 ]i and insulin secretion disappeared. Also, @entity4307 and @entity534 increased [ @entity141 ]i and induced insulin secretion. Under @entity141 -free conditions, insulin release was still induced, without any change in [ @entity141 ]i, by these three different stimulants. The cumulative values of insulin secretion were 13.7-29.3% of the control, which were significantly less than that in the presence of @entity141 . Cellular alkalinization occurred in response to all these stimulants, irrespective of the presence of @entity141 . @entity1928 , a diterpene activator of adenylate cyclase, produced insulin secretion independently of [ @entity141 ]i, which accompanied cellular alkalinization. Also, a high @entity413 level increased cellular @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) production in the presence and absence of @entity141 , and the effect was diminished by approximately 73% in @entity141 -free conditions. These results indicate that a high @entity413 level stimulates both @entity141 -dependent and -independent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. We suggest that the @entity268 production and the cellular alkalinization participate in the @entity141 -independent mechanism. Spermatogonial proliferation is under the control of FSH, whereas the survival of germ cells is dependent on Sertoli cell function. The observed rise in the number of mitotically inactive Ad-spermatogonia can be explained by a transformation of Ap-spermatogonia into resting Ad-spermatogonia.

title: XXXX induces @entity460 -dependent and @entity460 -independent insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cell line MIN6.

entities_list: @entity4307 :: ('CHEBI:15603', 'Chemical') :: ['L-leucine']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity19507 :: ('MESH:D008356', 'Chemical') :: ['mannoheptulose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['Forskolin']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: Ultrasonography has previously been reported for use in the evaluation of compressive or traumatic peripheral nerve pathology and for its utility in preoperative mapping. However, these studies were not performed in @entity1 , and they were not focused on the brachial plexus. The authors report a case in which ultrasonography was used to improve operative management of @entity5300 ( @entity5300 ). An @entity1 @entity1 was born at term, complicated by right-sided shoulder @entity1266 . Initial clinical evaluation revealed proximal arm weakness consistent with an @entity130 . Unlike MRI or CT myelography that focus on proximal nerve roots, ultrasonography of the brachial plexus in the supraclavicular fossa was able to demonstrate a small @entity2950 involving the upper trunk ( @entity327 and @entity6747 ) and no asymmetry in movement of the diaphragm or in the appearance of the rhomboid muscle when compared with the unaffected side. However, the supra- and infraspinatus muscles were significantly asymmetrical and atrophied on the affected side. Importantly, ultrasound examination of the shoulder revealed posterior glenohumeral laxity. Instead of pursuing the primary nerve reconstruction first, timely treatment of the shoulder subluxation prevented formation of joint @entity1141 and formation of a false glenoid, which is a common sequela of this condition. Because the muscles innervated by proximal branches of the cervical nerve roots/trunks were radiographically normal, subsequent nerve transfers were performed and good functional results were achieved. The authors believe this to be the first report describing the utility of ultrasonography in the surgical treatment planning in a case of @entity5300 . Noninvasive imaging, in addition to thorough history and physical examination, reduces the intraoperative time required to determine the extent and severity of @entity128 by allowing improved preoperative planning of the surgical strategy. Inclusion of ultrasonography as a preoperative modality may yield improved outcomes for @entity1 with @entity5300 .

title: Ultrasonography for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'boy', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal brachial plexus palsy', 'NBPP']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['upper trunk injury']

answer: @entity5300 :: (MESH:D020516,Disease) :: ['neonatal brachial plexus palsy']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of three @entity7787 or @entity2388 on the ability of gonadotrophins to induce cellular proliferation and differentiation of cultured @entity742 granulosa cells. @entity880 production and levels of mRNA expression for the @entity413 transporters @entity25318 , @entity25319 , @entity25320 and @entity25321 were also determined. No energy source in the culture media reduced cell number (50%) and @entity53 (E(2)) production. Dose and type of @entity9928 had a highly significant (P<0.001) effect on FSH-induced differentiation of the granulosa cells, and there was a highly significant interaction (P<0.001). @entity413 supported higher levels of E(2) production than @entity948 , which was in turn higher than @entity3649 (P<0.001). In contrast, @entity2388 at low doses supported similar levels of E(2) production as @entity413 , but higher doses were markedly inhibitory to E(2) production (P<0.001). Cells responded positively to insulin (P<0.001) in the presence of all three @entity7787 . @entity413 and the high doses of @entity948 resulted in the accumulation of @entity880 (P<0.001), but @entity2388 , @entity3649 and the low dose of @entity948 resulted in low @entity880 production. @entity25320 expression was not detected and @entity25321 expression was not affected, but @entity25318 and @entity25319 expression was depressed (P<0.05) by culture in the presence of @entity948 and @entity413 . These data show that @entity413 , metabolised under anoxic conditions to @entity880 , is the preferred energy substrate to support the gonadotrophin-induced differentiation of ovine granulosa cells in vitro, and that @entity948 and @entity2388 , but not @entity3649 , are alternative energy substrates despite marked differences in the way these substrates are metabolised.

title: The effect of monosaccharide sugars and XXXX on the differentiation and metabolism of @entity742 granulosa cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity7787 :: ('MESH:D009005', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharides']

entities_list: @entity9928 :: ('CHEBI:35381', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate', 'Lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['pyruvate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Studies using Western @entity1534 strains have shown that a risk factor for @entity356 is the number of EPIYA-C motifs in the cytotoxin-associated A protein. @entity2757 is delivered into epithelial cells, where it becomes @entity669 phosphorylated in their EPIYA repeats and induces cytoskeleton rearrangements. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate @entity1534 @entity2757 positive strains isolated from Colombian @entity1 with @entity66 for the number of EPIYA-C repeats in @entity2757 and their ability to induce cytoskeleton rearrangements in epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the 3   EPIYA repeats region of @entity2757 by PCR in 93 @entity1534 @entity2757 positive strains from 49 @entity1 with @entity3621 , 17 with @entity356 , and 24 with duodenal @entity1066 . @entity15206 cells exposed to the various @entity1534 isolates were evaluated for rearrangements in their cytoskeleton. RESULTS: Strains with one EPIYA-C were the most frequent in @entity3621 and duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 . Strains with three EPIYA-C were mainly found in @entity356 . We found a significantly higher risk of @entity356 for individuals infected with strains harboring three EPIYA-C motifs (OR=12.4, CI95%: 2.32-66.3). Strains from @entity356 showed significantly higher percentages of induction of cytoskeleton rearrangements in comparison with those from @entity3621 (p Mann-Whitney<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1534 strains with three EPIYA-C repeats can confer an increased risk of @entity5 to infected individuals.

title: Variation in the number of EPIYA-C repeats in XXXX protein from Colombian @entity1534 strains and its ability middle to induce hummingbird phenotype in gastric epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity2757 :: (6279,Gene) :: ['CagA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) and @entity5595 ( @entity5596 ) are lipid mediators that bind to G-protein-coupled receptors. In this study, signaling responses to 18:1 @entity4991 and @entity5596 were examined in parallel in three @entity1 @entity263 cell lines: PC-3, Du145, and LNCaP. METHODS: Receptor expression was assessed by RT-PCR, Northern blotting, and immunoblotting. Cellular responses to mediators were studied by proliferation assays, phosphoprotein immunoblotting, and phospholipid metabolism assays. RESULTS: All cell lines express mRNA for both @entity4991 and @entity5596 receptors. PC-3 and Du145, but not LNCaP, proliferate in response to @entity4991 and @entity5596 . Epidermal growth factor (EGF), @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ), @entity4991 , and @entity5596 induce activation of Erks in PC-3 and Du145; only EGF and @entity4515 activate Erks in LNCaP. In Du145 and PC-3, @entity584 is activated by EGF, @entity4991 , and @entity5596 . @entity584 is constitutively active in LNCaP; EGF but not @entity4991 or @entity5596 stimulates further phosphorylation. @entity3818 is phosphorylated in response to both @entity4991 and @entity5596 in PC-3 and Du145, but not in LNCaP. @entity4991 and @entity5596 stimulate @entity16091 ( @entity16091 ) activity to varying extents in the different cell lines. Notably, both lipid mediators activate @entity16091 in LNCaP. In Du145, @entity4991 , but not @entity5596 , activates @entity16091 and enhances cellular production of @entity4991 . CONCLUSIONS: Although both @entity4991 and @entity5596 induce signal transduction in all @entity263 cell lines studied, a proliferation response is observed only when the @entity3963 , @entity584 , and @entity3818 pathways are activated. Other responses to the lipid mediators, such as @entity16091 activation, likely contribute to other cellular outcomes.

title: Signal transduction responses to @entity4990 and @entity5595 in XXXX @entity263 cells.

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We have recently cloned the neurotensin receptor from @entity1 substantia nigra. Using in situ hybridization techniques, with an 35S-labeled antisense RNA probe complementary to this receptor complementary DNA, we studied the expression of the @entity1 neurotensin receptor in the brain from control and @entity191 subjects. We also performed an analogous study with @entity35 brain. Neurotensin receptor messenger RNA was present in high levels in melanized neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and the @entity10789 (the ventral tegmental area for @entity35 brain). Background levels of signals for neurotensin receptor messenger RNA were detected in the nucleus ruber, the colliculus inferior and the striatal subdivisions (the nucleus caudatus, the putamen and the nucleus accumbens) of both @entity1 and @entity35 brain. All these areas, except the nucleus ruber and the collicus inferior, contain very high to high levels of neurotensin receptor binding sites. Additionally, @entity191 brains had markedly fewer melanized (possibly dopaminergic) neurons, as expected, and correspondingly very low or background levels of messenger RNA for neurotensin receptor. We have also demonstrated heterogeneity among the melanized cells expressing messenger RNA encoding the neurotensin receptor in the substantia nigra and the @entity10789 of @entity1 brain. The neurons in the @entity10789 had lower melanin pigmentation and higher expression of neurotensin receptor messenger RNA. In general, the expression of the messenger RNA within the highly and evenly melanized neurons was lower than that found in low or unevenly pigmented neurons. The neurons in the @entity10789 had lower melanin pigmentation and higher expression of neurotensin receptor messenger RNA. The low pigmented neurons in the ventral tier of the substantia nigra had relatively high expression. On the other hand, highly and evenly melanized neurons in these regions of the brain had low expression of neurotensin receptor messenger RNA. Together with the previous binding data, it is suggested that not only in @entity35 brain, but also in @entity1 brain, melanized (possibly dopaminergic) neurons in the substantia nigra and the @entity10789 (ventral tegmental area of @entity35 brain) synthesize neurotensin receptors and express them in their perikarya and the terminal regions. Additionally, the heterogeneity of the melanized neurons in @entity1 brain may play a role in the normal function of dopaminergic systems and probably in the etiology of some neurological and @entity146 .

title: Heterogeneity of melanized neurons expressing neurotensin receptor messenger RNA in the substantia nigra and the @entity10789 of control and XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['nucleus paranigralis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: A major problem in @entity135 surgery is the high rate of local relapse (LR). In at least 25% of the surgically treated @entity213 ( @entity213 ) @entity1 , a genetically defined @entity1613 , also known as "field," can be detected in the surgical margins. A remaining field may be an important cause for the development of LR. The aims of our study are (i) to investigate whether @entity213 @entity1 with an unresected field are more likely to develop LR, and (ii) to identify molecular risk factors that predict @entity5 . We retrospectively studied 35 @entity213 @entity1 of whom 16 @entity1 developed LR and 19 @entity1 remained disease-free for at least 4 years. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomes 3p, 9p and 17p, @entity876 immunostaining, Ki-67 immunostaining and histopathological grading of all available paraffin-embedded surgical margins was performed, and related to LR. Significant associations were determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox-proportional hazard models. We show that presence of field is significantly associated with LR and that LOH at 9p and @entity876 immunostaining have the most predictive potential (hazard ratios 3.17 and 3.46, and p values 0.027 and 0.017, respectively). The combination of LOH at 9p and/or a large @entity876 positive field is most predictive (hazard ratio 7.06 and p = 0.01). Presence and grade of @entity1141 was not associated with LR. These data may have major impact for future diagnostic workup of surgically treated @entity213 @entity1 .

title: Loss of heterozygosity at 9p and @entity876 immunopositivity in surgical margins predict local relapse in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of field']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesion']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine possible differences in the outcome of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) with disease onset early and late in life. As part of a broader outcome study of @entity309 which included @entity1 seen in the division of Rheumatology of Hospital Universitario Marqu  s de Valdecilla of Santander, Cantabria (Northern Spain) with disease duration between 2 and 7 years, we selected @entity1 with an age at disease onset of <or=45 or >or=65 years. The medical records of all eligible @entity1 were reviewed for relevant clinical and laboratory variables; the @entity1 were then further evaluated for disease activity using biological tests and joint indices such as joint counts and Thompson's Index, functional capacity using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) functional classification (ACR-FC) and the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (M-HAQ), and anatomical damage using the number of @entity16 (NJD) and radiographs read by the Sharp's scoring method for joint erosion (JE), joint narrowing (JN), and overall. @entity1 in both subsets were then compared. For the multivariable analyses all @entity1 in the original larger cohort were included, so that age could be used as a continuous variable and the power of the analyses could increase; 31 younger (mean age+/-SD: 36+/-7 years) and 35 older (73+/-6 years) @entity1 were available for assessment. No differences in disease duration and gender distribution were observed. Likewise, both subsets had similar levels of disease activity, both articular indices, and biological markers. In contrast, elderly @entity1 showed more functional limitations as per the M-HAQ [median (interquartile range): 0.4 (0.13-1.2) vs 0.13 (0-0.6), p=0.007] and greater anatomical damage as per the NJD [median (interquartile range): 2 (0-4) and 0 (0-2), respectively, p=0.04] and the JE, JN, and total Sharp Index score (p=0.001, 0.02, and 0.001, respectively). Although older @entity1 took fewer disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) and combined @entity13655 treatments (2.5+/-1.4 vs 1.9+/-1.3, p=0.05 and 0.8+/-1.1 vs 0.3+/-0.6, p=0.01, respectively), multivariable analysis demonstrated an independent association between age at disease onset and the number of DMARD and functional and anatomical decline. Late-onset @entity309 does not present a better prognosis than the early-onset form of the disease. At the very least the disease is comparable between both @entity1 groups. However, disease compounded by age-associated factors may in fact have a worse prognosis late than early in life.

title: Outcome of late-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Over 10,000 high risk individuals in the Zurich area have been vaccinated against @entity1956 with 3 initial injections of 20 micrograms @entity17128 . The question arises whether, and if so when, booster injections should be given. Concentrations and persistence of the protective anti-HBs antibodies of 158 successfully vaccinated individuals (medical staff, @entity1 on hemodialysis or with renal transplants) were analyzed. The anti-HBs behaved typically in most individuals, reaching maximum levels in the 7th month (1 month after the third vaccine injection) and then falling gradually, more rapidly in the next following month than later. Persistence of antibodies depended on the maximum anti-HBs concentration reached initially. Three years after the first vaccine injection anti-HBs concentrations had fallen below 10 mIU/ml in all healthy individuals with initial concentrations between 10-99 mIU/ml, in 44% vaccinees with initial titers between 100 and 499 mIU/ml, in 17% individuals with initial anti-HBs between 500 and 1499 mIU/ml but in none of the vaccinees whose antibodies had originally been higher than 1500 microIU/ml. Anti-HBs were undetectable in 6% of all medical staff members, in 30% of hemodialysis @entity1 and in 59% of @entity1 with renal transplants. Several policies for booster injections are discussed. One possible approach is to measure anti-HBs in all vaccinees after completion of the initial immunization, a further booster injection being recommended individually on the basis of the calculated time when anti-HBs fall lower than, for example, 10 mIU/ml having regard to the initial anti-HBs concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX immunization--when is a booster injection necessary?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['Hepatitis B']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inflammation is one of the major toxic effects reported in response to in vitro or in vivo nanoparticle (NP) exposure. Among engineered NPs, @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs) are very attractive for the development of therapeutic strategies, especially because of their antimicrobial properties. In @entity1 , neutrophils, key players in @entity32 , are the most abundant blood leukocytes that spontaneously undergo apoptosis, a central cell death mechanism regulating @entity32 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AgNPs on neutrophil apoptosis. Transmission electronic microscopy reveals that AgNPs rapidly penetrate inside neutrophils. AgNPs induced @entity204 where the cell volume increased and the cell surface expression of @entity4071 remained unaltered unlike apoptotic neutrophils where cell shrinkage and loss of @entity4071 are typically observed. The AgNP-induced @entity204 is distinct from @entity39 and reversed by a pancaspase inhibitor or by inhibitors of the inflammatory @entity9302 and @entity2523 . In addition, AgNPs induced @entity1356 production inhibited by @entity9302 and @entity2523 inhibitors and also induced @entity9302 activity. Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production was increased by AgNPs and the @entity204 was inhibited by the antioxidant @entity898 . Under similar experimental conditions, adhesion of neutrophils leads to neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release induced by AgNPs. However, this process was not reversed by caspase inhibitors. We conclude that AgNPs rapidly induced an @entity204 in neutrophils by a mechanism involving @entity19268 and ROS. However, in adherent neutrophils, AgNPs induced NET release and, therefore, are novel agents able to trigger NET release.

title: XXXX nanoparticles rapidly induce atypical @entity1 neutrophil cell death by a process involving inflammatory caspases and reactive @entity26 species and induce neutrophil extracellular traps release upon cell adhesion.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['n-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['atypical cell death']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['Silver']


abstract: The pathogenesis of @entity453 is characterized by an increased vasoconstriction, activation of platelet vessel wall interactions as well as the invasion of monocytes into the subintima with deposition of lipids as well as proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. In the acute @entity301 as well as activation of platelets and coagulation as well as coronary vasoconstriction play an important role. Clinically these mechanisms lead to unstable @entity951 and @entity583 . For the understanding of @entity1187 , the mechanisms operative in the healthy blood vessel wall are important. Healthy coronary arteries are in a constant state of vasodilatation, platelets as well as the coagulation cascade are inactivated and vascular smooth muscle cells of the media are quiescent. Endothelial mediators such as @entity842 , @entity4770 and tissue plasminogen activators and other mediators play an important role in this regard. The continuous release of @entity842 and prostacyclin keeps the coronary circulation in a state of vasodilatation and inhibits platelet vessel wall interaction. Other mediators of the endothelium also inhibit coagulation and migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. On the other hand in @entity1 with cardiovascular risk factors and possibly also in those with genetic disposition as well as with aging, these mechanisms are impaired and in turn increased vasoconstrictor responses of coronary arteries, activation of platelet vessel wall interaction, invasion of monocytes into the subintima with lipid storage and proliferation/-migration of vascular smooth muscle cells occur. A cause oriented therapy of @entity453 and of @entity1187 in particular must be based on these pathophysiological mechanisms.

title: [Mechanisms of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary syndromes plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies on the use of intradetrusor botulinum toxin A injection for @entity1 with @entity1973 are insufficient and the results are controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of intradetrusor botulinum toxin A injection for @entity1 with @entity1973 that are resistant to anticholinergic treatment, and to reveal any criteria indicating treatment success. @entity1 /METHODS: Hospital records were reviewed of 16 @entity1 with @entity1973 due to @entity9960 , and who had botulinum toxin A injections between 2007 and 2010. Botulinum toxin A (10 units/kg) was injected endoscopically into various sites of the detrusor, except the trigone. The success was defined as complete dryness between clean intermittent catheterizations. Urodynamic studies before and after the application were evaluated and parameters, including bladder capacity (measured/expected) and compliance, were also analyzed. Reviewing the results, @entity1 were then classified into two groups: as having @entity1494 (noncompliant, acontractile bladders with high pressures) or overactive bladders. Urodynamic findings and therapy success were then compared between the groups. RESULTS: A total of 19 injections, including repeat injections in three @entity1 , were performed. Results of the 16 initial injections were evaluated. Nine @entity1 had detrusor overactivity, and five out of nine (56%) applications in this group resulted in complete dryness between clean intermittent catheterizations. In bladders with typical detrusor overactivity, there was a significant increase in both the capacity (from 0.53 to 0.74) and compliance (from 4.7 to 8.6 ml/cm H2O). Looking at the seven @entity1 that displayed @entity1494 with very low compliance and no contraction at all, none of them presented with notable clinical improvement from injections. Comparing the urodynamic findings, there was no significant difference in compliance (3.1 ml/cm H2O before and 3.5 ml/cm H2O after) and bladder capacity (0.58 before and 0.52 after the treatment) in the @entity1494 . DISCUSSION: Despite its worldwide usage and FDA approval, studies on the effectiveness of botulinumtoxin A on @entity1973 in @entity1 are controversial. There are now numerous studies attesting to the good results of BoNTA in @entity2182 ; however, only scarce reports comment on the specific features of the disease process among @entity1 and reasons for failure in some. In our study, reviewing the urodynamic findings carefully, it was observed that the @entity1 who did not respond to injections were the ones with no contractions, despite high pressures and low compliance. Therefore, describing the indications of BoNTA as @entity2182 and urinary incontinence despite anticholinergic medications may lead to mistreatment of @entity1 in the decompensated phase of a hyper-reflexive detrusor. Pretreatment urodynamic evaluation might be a good indicator, without biopsies, of estimating the degree of @entity82 and the @entity1 who will benefit from the injection. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin A injection in the @entity1973 of @entity9960 @entity1 was found to be ineffective if the detrusor was fibrotic, of low compliance and had lost contractility. Urodynamic findings should be carefully analyzed in order to select appropriate @entity1 that may benefit from Botulinum injection.

title: Botulinum injection is useless on fibrotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic bladders']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic bladders', 'neuropathic bladder']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['myelomeningocele']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic detrusor overactivity']

answer: @entity1973 :: (MESH:D001750,Disease) :: ['neuropathic bladders']


abstract: The accuracy of five imaging modalities for the diagnosis of lumbar @entity3976 ( @entity3976 ) is compared prospectively in 124 @entity1 , all of whom underwent surgical exploration. All tests were read independently of each other and the level of confidence in each diagnosis was recorded. The results are based on negative (106) as well as positive (125) findings at the 231 disc sites (level and side) explored. Computed tomography-discography (disco-CT) was the most accurate test (87%) compared to 77% for CT-myelography (myelo-CT), 74% for CT, 70% for myelography, 64% for disc injection @entity158 , and 58% for discography. The false positive rate was lower for disco-CT (19%) than for myelo-CT (24%), CT (24%), and myelography (30%). The false negative rate was also lower for disco-CT (8%) than for myelo-CT (22%), CT (29%), and myelography (30%). Disco-CT was the most accurate test (94%) in @entity1 who had prior disc surgery compared with 81% for myelo-CT, 80% for CT, and 74% for myelography. Disco-CT was also the most accurate test for @entity1 with foraminal @entity3976 (91% compared with 71% for CT, 65% for myelo-CT, and 58% for myelography). Disc injection reproduced the @entity1 's clinical @entity158 pattern in only 36% of @entity890 . This test has high specificity (89%), but low sensitivity (43%). The risks from myelography followed by discography within a 72-hour period are similar to those reported for myelography alone. Disco-CT is the most accurate of these tests (P less than 0.05) for the diagnosis of lumbar @entity3976 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The neuroradiographic diagnosis of lumbar XXXX : I. A comparison of computed tomography (CT), myelography, CT-myelography, discography, and CT-discography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniated nucleus pulposus', 'HNP']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['herniated discs']

answer: @entity3976 :: (MESH:D004677,Disease) :: ['herniated nucleus pulposus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The zona pellucida (ZP) surrounding the oocyte is an extracellular fibrillar matrix that plays critical roles during fertilization including species-specific gamete recognition and protection from polyspermy. The @entity19 ZP is composed of three proteins, @entity21030 , @entity21031 , and @entity21032 , all of which have a ZP polymerization domain that directs protein fibril formation and assembly into the three-dimensional ZP matrix. Egg coats surrounding oocytes in nonmammalian vertebrates and in invertebrates are also fibrillar matrices and are composed of ZP domain-containing proteins suggesting the basic structure and function of the ZP/egg coat is highly conserved. However, sequence similarity between ZP domains is low across species and thus the mechanism for the conservation of ZP/egg coat structure and its function is not known. Using approaches classically used to identify amyloid including conformation-dependent antibodies and dyes, X-ray diffraction, and negative stain electron microscopy, our studies suggest the @entity19 ZP is a functional amyloid. Amyloids are cross-b sheet fibrillar structures that, while typically associated with neurodegenerative and @entity1579 in mammals, can also carry out functional roles in normal cells without resulting pathology. An analysis of the ZP domain from @entity19 @entity21032 and @entity21032 homologs from five additional taxa using the algorithm AmylPred 2 to identify amyloidogenic sites, revealed in all taxa a remarkable conservation of regions that were predicted to form amyloid. This included a conserved amyloidogenic region that localized to a stretch of hydrophobic @entity1522 previously shown in @entity19 @entity21032 to be essential for fibril assembly. Similarly, a domain in the @entity375 protein a-agglutinin/ @entity21033 , that possesses ZP domain-like features and which is essential for mating, also had sites that were predicted to be amyloidogenic including a hydrophobic stretch that appeared analogous to the critical site in @entity19 @entity21032 . Together, these studies suggest that amyloidogenesis may be a conserved mechanism for ZP structure and function across billions of years of evolution.

title: Amyloid Properties of the XXXX Egg Zona Pellucida.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion diseases']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity526 @entity793 is associated with the development of @entity101 during a long-term follow-up. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed among the @entity1 of two population-based studies. Between 1974 and 1986 all @entity1 aged 39 to 68 years old, who lived in Utrecht, the Netherlands, were invited to participate in a @entity0 screening program. The @entity1 completed a questionnaire, underwent a medical examination, and collected a morning urine sample that remained stored. From 1993 to 1997 another population-based study was performed. We performed a full cohort analysis for 444 @entity1 who participated in both studies. @entity526 @entity793 was diagnosed by a real-time PCR. @entity101 was defined as the use of antihypertensive medication and/or a measured systolic blood pressure of at least 160 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure of 95 mmHg or higher. The mean follow-up was 11.5+/-1.7 years. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 (9%) had @entity526 @entity793 at baseline. @entity1 who had @entity793 at baseline had a mean blood pressure at study endpoint of 133+/-20 mmHg systolic and 78+/-11 mmHg diastolic, and @entity1 without @entity793 had values of 129+/-20 and 78+/-11 mmHg, respectively (p-values for difference 0.33 and 0.88). Although @entity526 @entity793 was not associated with the blood pressure as a continuous variable, it was associated with the development of @entity101 during follow-up (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.5). CONCLUSION: @entity526 @entity793 may increase the risk of future @entity101 .

title: @entity526 @entity793 in female adults is associated with the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The management of ten @entity1 with @entity174 of the humeral diaphysis and concomitant @entity1317 was analyzed retrospectively for examination of the factors contributing to preservation of limb viability and function. Of ten treated @entity174 , eight were rigidly stabilized with either a plate or an external fixation device. Seven of the @entity1317 required an interpositional graft. Three arteries were repaired with an end-to-end @entity254 . Two of these repairs failed in @entity1 whose @entity174 were not rigidly stabilized, and one of these @entity1 required amputation. Fasciotomy was performed in five cases. Seven @entity1 retained normal or functional extremities despite ligation of the brachial artery in two individuals. Preoperative arteriography was of equivocal value, and it doubled the @entity1 's transit time from the emergency room to surgery. The use of a temporary intraluminal vascular shunt to perfuse the limb at surgery and the semi-invasive rigid stability afforded by contemporary external fixators are important advances in the management of these complex injuries. In civilian practice, the prioritized guidelines the authors suggest for care of combined major skeletal and vascular @entity130 to the arm are: resuscitation of the @entity1 ; arteriogram, which is nonessential in open injuries but helpful in closed @entity130 ; intraoperative perfusion of the limb with a temporary shunt; rigid bony stabilization; wound debridement; vascular repair with an autogenous vein graft; neurorrhaphy; and assessment of the need for fasciotomy.

title: Humeral shaft @entity174 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries', 'injury to the brachial artery']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['brachial artery injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Research indicates that exercise can have a positive effect on both physical and mental health in nursing home @entity1 with @entity303 , however the lasting effect is rarely studied. In a previously published article we investigated the immediate effect of a 12  weeks functional exercise program on physical function and mental health in nursing home residents with @entity303 . In this paper we studied the long-term effect of this exercise program. We explored the differences between the exercise and control group from baseline to 6  months follow-up and during the detraining period from month 3 to 6. METHODS: A single blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted and a total of 170 nursing home residents with @entity303 were included. The @entity1 were randomly allocated to an intervention (n   =   87) or a control group (n   =   83). The intervention consisted of intensive strengthening and balance exercises in small groups twice a week for 12  weeks. The control condition was leisure activities. Thirty @entity1 were lost between baseline and six-month follow-up. Linear mixed model analyses for repeated measurements were used to investigate the effect of exercise after detraining period. RESULTS: The exercise group improved their scores on Berg Balance Scale from baseline to 6  months follow-up by 2.7 points in average. The control group deteriorated in the same period and the difference between groups was statistically significant (p   =   0.031). The exercise group also scored better on NPI @entity2146 sub-score after 6  months (p   =   0.045). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate long-time positive effects of a high intensity functional exercise program on balance and indicate a positive effect on @entity2146 , after an intervention period of 12  weeks followed by a detraining period of 12  weeks. Identifier at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02262104.

title: Long-term effects of a 12  weeks high-intensity functional exercise program on physical function and mental health in nursing home residents with XXXX : a single blinded randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and involvement of @entity32 , coagulation and fibrinolysis. Treatment with infliximab, a @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) blocking chimeric monoclonal antibody, induces a long-term reduction of @entity32 and coagulation, but its effect on fibrinolysis is still unknown. We carried out an observational study investigating plasma biomarkers of @entity32 and fibrinolysis in @entity309 @entity1 before and after 14 weeks of infliximab treatment given according to the therapeutic guidelines for @entity309 . METHODS: We studied 20 selected @entity1 with active @entity309 and without any other @entity731 risk factor as well as 40 healthy controls. @entity1 , treated with a stable dose of @entity1499 , received infliximab (3 mg/kg) at week 0, 2, 6 and 14. At week 0 and 14, we assessed clinical, inflammatory and fibrinolyitic parameters. RESULTS: At baseline, plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ) antigen, @entity2289 activity and @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) antigen were significantly higher in @entity309 @entity1 than in controls (p=0.01, p=0.001 and p=0.0001 respectively). After 14 weeks of infliximab treatment, the levels of @entity2289 antigen, @entity2289 activity and @entity3479 antigen significantly decreased till normalization (p=0.0001). Plasma levels of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) were directly correlated with levels of @entity2289 antigen (p=0.011 and p=0.0001), @entity2289 activity (p=0.013 and p=0.027) and @entity3479 antigen (p=0.017 and p=0.040). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that @entity310 blockade by infliximab not only decreases @entity32 , but also reduces the inhibition of fibrinolysis. Such a combined effect may be pivotal in reducing the whole thrombotic risk in these @entity1 .

title: Anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor alpha therapy normalizes fibrinolysis impairment in XXXX with active @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: @entity302 is one of the most common @entity16 , affecting up to 2% of the population worldwide. Studies show that @entity1 with refractory @entity410 have higher morbidity and mortality rates, as well as a poorer quality of life, than those with controlled @entity410 . Therefore, treatment that reduces the frequency of @entity410 may improve @entity1 ' quality of life. @entity13876 (LCM) is a recently approved anticonvulsant in Europe and the USA which offers new mechanisms of action and favorable safety profiles. Efficacy data have shown fast onset of anticonvulsant effects and significant @entity410 as adjunctive therapy at LCM 200 and 400 mg/day, even in a severely refractory population. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: This article reviews three pivotal clinical trials of LCM, including its efficacy and tolerability over 7 years. In addition, LCM's key pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics from a search of the literature are reviewed in detail. This article also includes recent publications on the safety and use of intravenous LCM solution for @entity1 with @entity302 . WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN: This article provides comprehensive review of efficacy and safety information of LCM along with comprehensive pharmacokinetic information, which includes absolute bioavailability, low protein binding, lack of hepatic enzyme induction or inhibition, and low potential for drug-drug interactions. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: Considering the fact that more than 30% of @entity302 @entity1 remain refractory despite various antiepileptic drugs, LCM may provide added benefit to @entity1 with refractory @entity410 .

title: XXXX : new adjunctive treatment option for partial-onset @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'reduction of partial-onset seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity13876 :: ('MESH:C403507', 'Chemical') :: ['Lacosamide']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity13876 :: (MESH:C403507,Chemical) :: ['Lacosamide']


abstract: @entity669 phosphorylation of multiple platelet proteins is stimulated by thrombin and other agonists that cause @entity1423 and secretion. The phosphorylation of a subset of these proteins, including a protein @entity669 kinase, @entity3818 , is dependent on the @entity1423 that follows @entity2002 binding to integrin alpha IIb beta 3. In this report, we examined whether @entity2002 binding, per se, triggers a process of @entity669 phosphorylation in the absence of exogenous agonists. Binding of soluble @entity2002 was induced with @entity1334 fragments of an anti-beta 3 antibody (anti-LIBS6) that directly exposes the @entity2002 binding site in alpha IIb beta3. Proteins of 50-68 KD and 140 kD became phosphorylated on @entity669 residues in a @entity2002 -dependent manner. This response did not require @entity3009 synthesis, an increase in cytosolic free @entity460 , @entity1423 or granule secretion, nor was it associated with @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity3818 . @entity669 phosphorylation of the 50-68-kD and 140-kD proteins was also observed when (a) @entity2002 binding was stimulated by agonists such as @entity1425 , @entity857 , or thrombin instead of by anti-LIBS6; (b) fragment X, a dimeric plasmin-derived fragment of @entity2002 was used instead of @entity2002 ; or (c) alpha IIb beta 3 complexes were cross-linked by antibodies, even in the absence of @entity2002 . In contrast, no @entity669 phosphorylation was observed when the ligand consisted of monomeric cell recognition peptides derived from @entity2002 (RGDS or gamma 400-411). @entity2002 -dependent @entity669 phosphorylation was inhibited by cytochalasin D. These studies demonstrate that @entity2002 binding to alpha IIb beta 3 initiates a process of @entity669 phosphorylation that precedes @entity1423 and the phosphorylation of @entity3818 . This reaction may depend on the oligomerization of integrin receptors and on the state of actin polymerization, organizational processes that may juxtapose @entity669 kinases with their substrates.

title: Adhesive ligand binding to integrin alpha IIb beta 3 stimulates XXXX phosphorylation of novel protein substrates before phosphorylation of @entity3818 .

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: We present a case of synchronous triple primary @entity2 . 69-year-old male admitted after mass examination with the @entity5 shadows on right S3, left S4 and left S8. Further examinations confirmed as @entity957 of right S3 and left S8 and as @entity5 of left S4 with right hillar lymph @entity4 . In addition to these lesion, bronchofiberscopy revealed the @entity957 of left basal bronchus. The secondlook operation was planned for bilateral primary @entity2 . At first, @entity1 underwent right S3 segmentectomy with regional lymph nodes dissection. Two month later, left thoractomy was performed, followed by left lower lobectomy. Histopathological examination defined as well differentiated @entity957 , moderately differentiated @entity957 , @entity957 in situ and @entity4607 for right S3, left S8, left basal bronchus and left S4, respectively. Lymph node @entity3 was found only in #121. Although @entity5 were resected with good curability, respiratory function was depressed and performance status deteriorated. It is important to attention to the preservation of respiratory function for the surgical treatment to multiple lesions and the combined therapy with radiation, chemotherapy and/or laser may be considered.

title: [A case of a synchronous triple primary XXXX with @entity4607 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['nodal swelling']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: A serious long-term complication of drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation is the occurrence of very late stent @entity715 (VLST) beyond 1 year after implantation. While VLST has been observed as late as 3 to 5 years following the initial procedure, it remains unknown whether DES @entity715 is a finite phenomenon that abates over time or is a risk that persists indefinitely. We identified a series of @entity1 who presented with acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) due to "very" very late stent @entity715 (VVLST), defined as occurring more than 5 years after DES implantation. The study group consisted of 7 @entity1 (6 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ), ages 32 to 70 years, who had angiographically confirmed definite VVLST. Six @entity1 were active smokers and 4 were @entity6 . The interval between stent implantation and VVLST ranged from 5.6 to 7.1 years. The DES was @entity3446 -eluting in 4 @entity1 and @entity1311 -eluting in 3 @entity1 . None of the @entity1 were taking @entity1397 and only 2 @entity1 were taking @entity117 at the time of VVLST. Therefore, 5 of the 7 @entity1 were not on any antiplatelet therapy prior to VVLST. The clinical presentation of VVLST was an @entity583 in all @entity1 , with ST-segment elevation in 6 of the 7 @entity1 . Six @entity1 were treated successfully by emergent repeat percutaneous coronary intervention and 1 @entity1 who was postoperative from neurosurgery was managed medically. In conclusion, the risk of stent @entity715 persists even beyond 5 years after first-generation DES implantation. These sobering findings underscore the importance of long-term clinical vigilance in these @entity1 and reinforce current PCI guidelines, which recommend continuing at least @entity117 indefinitely after DES.

title: "Very" very late stent XXXX : acute @entity583 from drug-eluting stent @entity715 more than 5 years after implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2399 is used widely to prevent @entity410 in pregnant @entity1 with @entity101 , but few studies have compared the efficacy of @entity2399 with that of other drugs. Anticonvulsant prophylaxis with @entity3174 for @entity3036 has been recommended, but there are virtually no data to support its efficacy. Our objective was to compare @entity2399 with @entity3174 in preventing @entity410 in @entity101 @entity1 during labor. METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity1 with @entity101 who were admitted for delivery to receive either @entity2399 or @entity3174 . The @entity2399 regimen consisted of a 10-g intramuscular loading dose followed by a maintenance dose of 5 g given intramuscularly every four hours. For @entity1 with @entity1468 , an additional 4-g loading dose was given intravenously. The @entity3174 regimen included a 1000-mg loading dose infused over a period of 1 hour, followed by a 500-mg oral dose 10 hours later. With either regimen, anticonvulsant therapy was continued for 24 hours post partum. RESULTS: Ten of 1089 @entity1 randomly assigned to the @entity3174 regimen had eclamptic convulsions, as compared with none of 1049 @entity1 randomly assigned to @entity2399 (P = 0.004). There were no significant differences in any risk factors for @entity3036 between the two study groups. Maternal and @entity1 outcomes were also similar in the two study groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2399 is superior to @entity3174 for the prevention of @entity3036 in @entity101 pregnant @entity1 . These results validate the long-practiced use of @entity2399 in the prevention of @entity3036 .

title: A comparison of @entity2399 with XXXX for the prevention of @entity3036 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'eclamptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate', 'Magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['severe preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

answer: @entity3174 :: (MESH:D010672,Chemical) :: ['phenytoin']


abstract: The plasma levels of @entity10133 and @entity2002 are well known risk factors for arterial @entity715 . We tested the hypothesis that this association also exists for @entity49 . Additionally, MspI and HaeIII polymorphisms in the factor VII and @entity2002 genes have recently been reported to be associated with the concentration of both proteins in the plasma. However, no conclusion could be drawn with respect to an increase or decrease in @entity715 risk. We undertook a population-based case-control study, in which 199 @entity1 with a population-based case-control study, in which 199 @entity1 with a first, objectively confirmed episode of @entity1150 , aged less than 70, and without a known @entity5 were compared to 199 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, to evaluate the clinical importance of these reported findings. For @entity2002 we found a positive level-related association between the plasma @entity2002 level and thrombotic risk. Subjects with a plasma @entity2002 greater than 5 g/l had an almost 4-fold increase of @entity715 risk. The frequencies of the different HaeIII genotypes were out of balance only for the @entity715 @entity1 , with a deficit of the H1H2 genotype. Possession of an H1H2 genotype was associated with a 40% reduction in @entity715 risk. For factor VII, neither the plasma level nor the MspI genotypes were related to @entity1150 , although possession of a M2 allele was clearly associated with significantly lower factor VII levels. The frequencies of the MspI-genotypes were the same for @entity1 and control subjects and exhibited Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX levels as risk factors for @entity49 . A case-control study of plasma levels and DNA polymorphisms--the Leiden @entity49 Study (LETS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disorder']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity10133 :: ('2155', 'Gene') :: ['coagulation factor VII']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['Factor VII and fibrinogen']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to research the incidence of @entity130 in Reykjavik among those who had been the victims of physical violence. The study examined the computer data on all injury cases resulting from physical violence among legal residents of Reykjavik, the capital area, who were treated at the Emergency Department (ED) of the Reykjavik City Hospital, University of Iceland, from the time period 1974-1991. Data for the year 1991 were analysed with respect to where and when the violence took place. The age-adjusted incidence for @entity130 varied with the time period. It increased from 17.3 per thousand per year for @entity1 and 7.2 for @entity1 in 1974-1976 to 19.3 and 8.4 respectively in 1977-1979. In the period 1980-1982 there was a 30% drop in such cases for both sexes. Since that time there has been a significant increase, such that the incidence for @entity130 in 1989-1991 was 19.8 for @entity1 and 7.0 for @entity1 . The incidence of @entity130 was highest among males and females in the age group 15-19 year or 46 and 15, respectively. The incidence of those hospitalized after physical violence doubled from 0.54 to 1.10 for @entity1 and from 0.20 to 0.42 for @entity1 during the study period. About half (males 53%, females 43%) of those @entity130 resulting from physical violence sought help at the ED on Saturdays or Sundays: among the @entity1 41% had been victims of physical violence in the home, whereas for the @entity1 violent aggression was most common in places of entertainment (25%) or outdoors (33%).

title: [Incidence of XXXX resulting from physical violence in Reykjavik 1974-1991.]

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'suffering injury', 'injury following physical violence']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: The demonstration that opioid receptors exist in the peripheral nervous system offers the possibility of providing @entity86 in the ambulatory surgical @entity1 . Over the previous decade, many investigators have studied this approach and have compared the efficacy of various opioids added to the local anesthetic near the brachial plexus; and it appears from several of these studies that @entity4783 provides the longest duration of @entity1337 , the most important parameter of @entity86 in outpatients. One of these studies indicated that the agonist-antagonist, @entity4783 , added to @entity1341 provided a longer period of @entity86 than the traditional opiates, but none of the studies was performed in @entity1 undergoing minor oral surgery to check the efficacy of @entity4783 to provide @entity86 in dental @entity1 . The present study was undertaken to ascertain the efficacy of @entity4783 in providing prolonged @entity86 when added to 0.5% @entity1341 with epinephrine 1:200,000. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty healthy, consenting adult @entity1 scheduled for upper extremity surgery were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 equal groups based on the agents used for the blocks. @entity1 in group I received 40 mL of a local anesthetic alone, and those in group II received the same local anesthetic plus @entity4783 0.3 mg. The study was kept double-blind by having one dentist prepare the solutions, a second dentist perform the blocks, and a third dentist monitor the anesthesia and @entity1337 thereafter, up to and including the time of the first request for an analgesic medication. The data were reported as means +/- standard errors of the mean, and differences between groups were determined using t test. A P value less than .01 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean duration of @entity282 relief after injection of the local anesthetic alone was 8.34 +/- 0.11 hours compared with 28.18 +/- 1.02 hours after @entity4783 was added, a difference that was statistically (and clinically) significant (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity4783 to the local anesthetic used for intraoral nerve blocks in the present study provided a 3-fold increase in the duration of @entity86 , with complete @entity1337 persisting 30 hours beyond the duration provided by the local anesthetic alone in 75% of @entity1 . This practice can be of particular benefit to @entity1 undergoing minor oral surgery by providing prolonged @entity1337 after discharge from the hospital.

title: @entity4783 with @entity1341 for intraoral nerve blocks to provide XXXX in outpatients after minor oral surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative analgesia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the amount of @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) decentration and refractive changes after @entity231 surgery using posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (PCCC). DESIGN: Prospective comparative case series. @entity1 : We included 86 eyes of 77 @entity1 who had @entity231 surgery using PCCC (the PCCC group), and 79 eyes of 68 @entity1 treated without PCCC (the control group). METHODS: Foldable IOLs with @entity4625 haptics (VA-60BB, Hoya Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were implanted in both groups. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed. Automated refractokeratometry, Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam; Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), and slit-lamp photography with retroillumination were performed at each follow-up visit over 6 months. The axial shift of each @entity2790 was measured as the distance between the corneal endothelium and the anterior surface of the @entity2790 on Scheimpflug images. The horizontal shift was assessed as the distance between the geometric center of the @entity2790 and the centers of the pupil and the limbus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Best-corrected visual acuity, horizontal and axial shift of the @entity2790 , and automated refraction. RESULTS: There was no difference between the 2 groups in the mean BCVA before surgery and at any postoperative follow-up. The mean horizontal shift of the @entity2790 after 6 months was 0.25    0.14 mm for the pupil and 0.31    0.17 mm for the limbus in the PCCC group (P = 0.315), and 0.26    0.09 mm and 0.31    0.13 mm, respectively, in the control group (P = 0.115). These were not different from the measurement on the postoperative day 1 (P = 0.515, P = 0.263, P = 0.421, and P = 0.875, respectively). At each follow-up visit over 6 months, there was no difference in the horizontal shift between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The @entity2790 shifted insignificantly in the PCCC group (-0.08    0.24 mm anterior shift), but the shift was significant in the control group (-0.42    0.27 mm anterior shift; P = 0.009). The mean postoperative refractive shift 6 months after surgery compared with refraction on the first day after surgery was -0.16    0.67 diopter (D) in the PCCC group and -0.60    0.70 D in the control group (P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: During @entity231 surgery, PCCC is useful to stabilize and minimize postoperative refractive changes. The @entity2790 displacement attributable to capsular contraction is less when @entity231 surgery involves PCCC.

title: Intraocular lens stability and refractive outcomes after XXXX surgery using primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOL', 'intraocular lens']

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few scientific reports to date describe the histological modification of structures outlining a @entity547 opening. This article is focused on the identification of the pathological changes in vascular structures in tissues excised from cadavers with @entity169 . A deeper comprehension of this topic could lead to essential improvements in the detection of @entity547 genesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Different kinds of @entity547 , including indirect, direct and mixed, were identified in 30 autopsied subjects. Tissue samples were resected for histological study from abdominal wall structures close to the @entity547 opening. Histological examination focused on the detection of structural changes in arteries and veins. The results were compared with tissue specimens excised from equivalent sites of the inguinal area in a control group of 15 fresh cadavers without @entity547 . RESULTS: Significant modification of vascular structures were identified in the tissue specimens examined. The veins demonstrated parietal @entity82 , perivascular @entity4 and @entity384 due to congestion and @entity3179 . The arterial structures detected showed thickening of the media due to medial @entity1373 , ranging from luminal sub-occlusion to a manifest @entity432 . These findings are present independent of @entity547 type in cadavers with @entity169 . These pathological changes were lacking in the control group of cadavers without @entity547 . CONCLUSIONS: The notable changes in vascular structures described in the report could be the result of a steady compressive effect exerted by the abdominal viscera in the inguinal area. These pathological changes could represent one of the factors involved in the weakening of the inguinal region leading to @entity547 .

title: Damage to the vascular structures in XXXX specimens.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dilation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernia protrusion']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood donor screening with enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for antibodies to @entity1 @entity778 ( @entity2662 , and later to @entity2662 /II, has led to the unnecessary deferral of tens of thousands of individuals. The licensure of the Abbott PRISM @entity2662 / @entity4451 chemiluminescent immunoassay (ChLIA) may permit the reinstatement of historically deferred donors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The efficacy of a reentry algorithm involving a follow-up sample from EIA-deferred donors testing @entity2662 /II ChLIA nonreactive was evaluated using 386 serologic confirmed-positive samples archived since the inception of anti-HTLV donor screening. Reactivity of the 386 samples by the ChLIA, when coupled with the package insert sensitivity data, may be used to demonstrate efficacy of the reentry algorithm. Donor incidence was also examined from 2008 through 2009 to evaluate changes to the existing HTLV screening policy. RESULTS: From January 1, 1995, to April 28, 2008, a total of 64,052 donors to the American Red Cross were deferred solely because of HTLV EIA false positivity, representing more than 130,000 US donors. HTLV ChLIA identified 386 confirmed-positive donations from 386 randomly selected donors representing reactivity to both the bioM  rieux and the Abbott @entity2662 /II EIAs (95% confidence interval [CI], 99.2%-100%); both EIAs have since been discontinued. This is comparable to the detection of 843 of 843 confirmed-positive samples during the ChLIA clinical trials (95% CI, 99.48%-100%). Incident @entity778 occurred primarily among female repeat donors during 2008 throughout 2009. CONCLUSIONS: Donors testing falsely positive by historic EIAs since 1988 should be considered for reinstatement if a contemporary sample tests ChLIA nonreactive. Changes to the existing screening algorithm seem unlikely since new @entity778 were detected among repeat donors.

title: XXXX @entity778 antibody screening of blood donors: rates of false-positive results and evaluation of a potential donor reentry algorithm.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['T-lymphotropic virus', 'HTLV infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of daily coffee ingestion on hepatocarcinogenesis in @entity35 submitted to the resistant hepatocyte (RH) model. During lactation, the dams were fed a control or a coffee-supplemented diet. After weaning, male pups followed the same dietary protocol and were submitted to the RH model. The animals were sacrificed at 110 days of life. Removal of the medial and left lateral lobes was used as mitogenic stimulus, and the liver regeneration was estimated. Morphometric analyses of @entity1613 were carried out on liver histological sections submitted to the histochemical procedure of the @entity413 -6-phosphatase activity. The @entity15158 ( @entity15158 ) activity was analyzed in the homogenate of regenerated livers. Body weight, mass liver regeneration, and hepatic cell architecture were not affected by coffee ingestion. In the group of animals fed the coffee-supplemented diet, the number of persistent and remodeling nodules was reduced (85.5% and 70.5%, respectively). The hepatic area occupied by the persistent nodules was also reduced (92%). There was a reduction of 7.7% in the @entity15158 activity in the group fed the coffee-supplemented diet, although not statistically significant. The results indicate that coffee modulates chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in @entity35 .

title: Effect of coffee on chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15158 :: ('116568(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GGT', 'gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of laparoscopic repair of @entity4037 remains @entity445 . We hypothesize that laparoscopy, compared to open repair with mesh, decreases @entity281 ( @entity281 ) for all ventral hernia types. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were reviewed to identify studies evaluating outcomes of laparoscopic versus open repair with mesh of @entity4037 and divided into groups (primary or incisional). Studies with high risk of bias were excluded. Primary outcomes of interest were recurrence and @entity281 . Fixed effects model was used unless significant heterogeneity, assessed with the Higgins I square (I (2)), was encountered. RESULTS: There were 5 and 15 studies for primary and incisional cohorts. No difference was seen in recurrence between laparoscopic and open repair in the two hernia groups. @entity281 was more common with open repair in both hernia groups: primary (OR 4.17, 95  %CI [2.03-8.55]) and incisional (OR 5.16, 95  %CI [2.79-9.57]). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic repair, compared to open repair with mesh, decreases rates of @entity281 in all types of @entity4037 with no difference in recurrence. These data suggest that laparoscopic approach may be the treatment of choice for all types of @entity4037 .

title: Laparoscopic repair reduces incidence of surgical site infections for all XXXX .

entities_list: @entity445 :: ('MESH:C536298', 'Disease') :: ['incompletely defined']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernias']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernias']