abstract: The content of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity ( @entity4655 - @entity3162 ) in motoneurons was studied in four motor pools supplying muscles in the @entity35 hind limb subserving different types of motor activity. The motor pools were identified by retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase or fluorophore-conjugated dextran @entity4478 , which were injected into the soleus, tibialis anterior, lateral gastrocnemius, or abductor digiti minimi muscles. After processing for immunohistochemistry, a semiquantitative evaluation was carried out to estimate the proportion of strongly, intermediately, and weakly labeled motoneurons, as well as motoneurons totally lacking @entity4655 staining. This revealed a considerable diversity in the intensity of @entity4655 labeling even for motoneurons in the same motoneuron pool. Thus, strongly labeled cells, as well as cells devoid of @entity4655 label, were found in all four motoneuron pools. However, a difference was found in the distribution of motoneurons innervating muscles with a dominant composition of fast and slow motor units, respectively, in that a larger fraction of the latter type lacked @entity4655 - @entity3162 . Moreover, generally motoneurons in the small motor units of the abductor digiti minimi muscle displayed weaker staining, and a larger proportion of cells was totally devoid of @entity4655 - @entity3162 (16%) compared with larger motor units of the other three muscles (1-10%). Small-sized cells within the gamma-motoneuron size range were weakly stained or, more frequently, totally devoid of @entity4655 label (50%) as compared to larger cells, presumably representing alpha-motoneurons (1-16%). Five days after axotomy all four studied motoneuron pools displayed stronger @entity4655 labeling than corresponding unlesioned pools. However, a considerable variation in @entity4655 labeling persisted also among axotomized motoneurons. These results indicate that motoneurons normally display a great variation in @entity4655 - @entity3162 levels, but that motoneurons of small and slow-twitch motor units in general have lower levels than motoneurons of large and fast-twitch motor units, respectively. After axotomy, @entity4655 - @entity3162 increases in lesioned motoneuron pools compared with normal, but in a fraction of the axotomized motoneurons the increase seems to be discrete or even absent. The possible physiological implications of these findings are discussed.

title: Calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in motoneuron pools innervating different hind limb muscles in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of three techniques of @entity1167 on endothelium-dependent microvascular function of the right and left ventricles were examined in a @entity235 model of cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Oxygenated @entity5032 and cold @entity1503 groups, (n = 11 each) had hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (28 degrees C), topical cooling, antegrade arrest, and intermittent antegrade delivery. A warm @entity1503 group (n = 11) had normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (37 degrees C), antegrade arrest, and continuous antegrade delivery. All groups underwent @entity1167 for 1 hour followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. @entity235 that did not have instrumentation were used as controls (n = 10). Coronary microvessels (100 to 200 microns in internal diameter) were examined in a pressurized, no-flow state with video microscopic imaging and electronic dimension analysis. RESULTS: @entity63 with @entity5032 significantly (p < 0.05) impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations in both ventricles to @entity934 (left ventricle, 69% +/- 4%, and right ventricle, 73% +/- 5%, versus control left ventricle, 100% +/- 0.3%, and control right ventricle, 100% +/- 0.3%) and the @entity460 ionophore (left ventricle, 70% +/- 6%, and right ventricle, 68% +/- 3%, versus control left ventricle, 98% +/- 1%, and control right ventricle, 98% +/- 1%). In the cold @entity1503 group, endothelium-dependent relaxations to @entity934 (left ventricle, 96% +/- 1%, and right ventricle, 87% +/- 4%) and the @entity460 ionophore (left ventricle, 88% +/- 3%, and right ventricle, 78% +/- 7%) were preserved. In the warm @entity1503 group, endothelium-dependent responses to @entity934 (92% +/- 3%) and the @entity460 ionophore (96% +/- 1%) were preserved in the left ventricle, but the right ventricle showed reduced (p < 0.05) reactivity to the endothelium-dependent @entity934 (77% +/- 8%) and the @entity460 ionophore (69% +/- 8%). Endothelium-independent relaxation to @entity1854 was similar to controls in all groups for both ventricles, thus indicating normal smooth muscle responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1167 with cold @entity1503 preserved the endothelium-dependent response in the right and left ventricles, whereas @entity5032 impairs this response. Warm @entity1503 preserved the endothelium-dependent response in the left ventricle, but this response was reduced in the right ventricle. This suggests that @entity1503 and @entity2332 may be important in protection of microvascular endothelium and that the right ventricle may be more vulnerable to damage than the left ventricle.

title: Microvascular reactivity after crystalloid, cold blood, and warm blood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5032 :: ('MESH:C569627', 'Disease') :: ['cold crystalloid cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic arrest']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Cardioplegic arrest', 'cardioplegic arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardioplegic arrest']


abstract: A 23-year-old @entity1 was admitted to hospital with an extremely painful @entity6592 on the left side. He had been back in The Netherlands for 5 weeks after a one-year stay on a farm in India where he consumed unpasteurised @entity291 's milk almost daily. Three months before admission he had been ill for several weeks with high @entity221 , a @entity158 and night sweats. He was diagnosed in India as having coxitis, thought to be due to a @entity281 . After hospitalisation in The Netherlands, he developed daily high @entity221 with chills and Brucella @entity6592 was diagnosed via a positive serology, later confirmed by a positive blood culture for @entity6467 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity3403 and @entity1215 but due to persistent @entity221 , @entity801 was later added for 7 days. As a result of @entity390 related to @entity1215 , this was changed to @entity2177 . During treatment he also developed a severely painful @entity4265 , possibly due to local release of bacterial endotoxins from a previous @entity281 in India. After three months of antibiotic treatment, he recovered fully. Although @entity3377 is a rare imported disease in The Netherlands, the possibility must be kept in mind in cases of @entity625 following a stay in the (sub)tropics.

title: [Brucellosis as an imported disease in a young XXXX with @entity625 ].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Giardia infection', 'Brucella infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful right hip joint']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right coxitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Background: @entity2298 is a frequent metabolic complication associated with @entity23138 administration in @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ). No clear guidelines have been published on how to proceed once @entity2298 has been detected. A new strategy could be to substitute the initial @entity23138 emulsion with another emulsion with faster clearance. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness in reducing triglyceridemia values, maintaining the caloric intake, and improving nutrition parameters in @entity1 who had moderate @entity2298 during @entity3147 when an olive oil-based @entity23138 emulsion (OOFE) was substituted with a multiple-source oil @entity23138 emulsion (MOFE). We also assessed the safety of this substitution in hepatic and glycemic profiles. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational study that included 38 adult @entity1 to whom OOFE in @entity3147 was substituted with MOFE when moderate @entity2298 (>= 250-400 mg/dL) was detected. Results: Triglyceridemia values decreased in 36 (94.7%) @entity1 . The mean reduction was 71 (88-22) mg/dL. @entity23138 load was slightly reduced after substitution (-0.14 [-0.23 to 0] g/kg/d; P < .001), but total caloric intake increased from 22.5 (19.7-25.1) to 23.1 (19.8-26.8) kcal/kg/d (P = .053). After substitution, nutrition parameters improved, liver parameters remained unchanged, and insulin requirements increased. Conclusion: The substitution of OOFE with MOFE in @entity1 with moderate @entity2298 during @entity3147 resulted in a reduction in triglyceridemia values of about 70 mg/dL. That allowed maintaining the caloric intake and improved nutrition parameters without affecting the hepatic profile. For some @entity1 , insulin requirements increased moderately. (JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. XXXX;xx:xx-xx).

title: New Strategy to Reduce XXXX During Parenteral Nutrition While Maintaining Energy Intake.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertriglyceridemia', 'hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

answer: @entity2298 :: (MESH:D015228,Disease) :: ['Hypertriglyceridemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: LDL- @entity165 is usually calculated using the Friedewald formula. This calculation method does not take into account the presence of @entity3452 , which is associated with LDL- @entity165 . Dahlen has suggested that the Friedewald formula should be modified to account for @entity3452 associated @entity165 . This study was undertaken to determine if correction of the Friedewald formula would result in a better evaluation of @entity741 ( @entity741 ) risk. METHODS: 2222 @entity1 free from @entity741 were prospectively followed for 5 years for the appearance of @entity583 , @entity301 or @entity204 . At the baseline evaluation all had a complete fasting lipid profile which included @entity3452 determinations. LDL- @entity165 levels were calculated from total @entity165 , total @entity1674 and HDL- @entity165 using the Friedewald formula and also using the Dahlen modification of the Friedewald formula. RESULTS: During the follow-up there were 89 first @entity741 events. Both types of LDL- @entity165 calculations showed that the last tertile of the LDL- @entity165 distribution in comparison to the first tertile, doubles the relative risk (RR: 2.15; 95% confidence limits: 1.23-3.75) using the Friedewald formula (RR: 2.18; 95% confidence limits: 1.25-3.81) using the Dahlen modification. @entity3452 levels were not an independent predictor of @entity741 risk. CONCLUSION: Modification of the Friedewald formula to account for @entity3452 levels does not improve our evaluation of @entity741 risk.

title: Does correction of the friedewald formula using lipoprotein(a) change our estimation of XXXX risk? The Quebec Cardiovascular Study.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['coronary death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies have suggested that the @entity625 Self-Management Program (ASMP) course is effective at reducing @entity158 and health care costs in volunteer @entity1 . There have been no reports of trials of the ASMP in the context of primary care physicians' practices, where the potential for spreading the program may be greatest. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of the ASMP course in a large primary care physician network. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity571 , @entity309 , or @entity239 were recruited for the study. Subjects in the intervention practices received the 6 week course and those in the control practices received only the ASMP book, without course. Disability, @entity158 , self-efficacy, mental health, and satisfaction were measured using validated instruments at baseline and at 4 months. RESULTS: One hundred thirteen @entity1 were recruited for the ASMP course (intervention) and completed baseline and 4 month followup questionnaires. Eighty-four percent completed at least 4 of 6 classes. Seventy-four @entity1 received the ASMP manual (controls) and completed both questionnaires. @entity1 in the intervention and control groups had similar baseline @entity158 (p = 0.94), self-efficacy to control @entity158 (p = 0.90), mental health (p = 0.10), and vitality scores (p = 0.21), but those in the intervention arm had slightly less disability (p = 0.04). At 4 months, there was no significant improvement from baseline in any endpoint and no difference between @entity1 in the intervention and control groups (all p > 0.2). @entity1 satisfaction with @entity625 care and outcomes was no different for intervention and control @entity1 (all p > 0.3). All types of health care resource use were similar at baseline and followup for both intervention and control groups (all p > 0.2). CONCLUSION: While the ASMP course has been found to be effective in other @entity1 groups, there were no significant clinical benefits noted at 4 months in @entity1 recruited from primary care practices.

title: Does self-management education benefit all populations with XXXX ? A randomized controlled trial in a primary care physician network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'arthritis pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: Eight @entity1 with breast metastases from @entity5 other than @entity0 were studied: 3 malignant @entity320 , 2 @entity980 , 1 @entity3620 , 1 appendiceal @entity957 . All had mammographic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical examinations. The main problem was differential diagnosis from primary @entity0 . History of extramammary @entity5 was helpful but breast @entity3 was the first clinical feature in 2 cases. @entity1 had noticed palpable, round, rapid growth masses which were mammographically benign. Pathologic diagnosis was difficult and immunohistochemical studies necessary, whenever the proliferation had histologic features of primary @entity0 or when no @entity5 was known. However, some histologic features were of value for diagnosis of @entity3 : atypical histologic features for a primary @entity0 , a well-circumscribed @entity5 with multiple satellite foci, the absence of an intraductal component, and the presence of many lymphatic emboli. In adults, the most frequent types of @entity5 metastasizing in the breast are malignant @entity320 , especially @entity4153 and @entity4303 . In @entity1 , @entity980 is the most common. Accurate diagnosis of breast @entity3 is important to avoid unnecessary mastectomy and to implement an appropriate systemic therapy.

title: XXXX to the breast: differential diagnosis from primary @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid, and 1 epidermoid cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'melanoma and neuroendocrine-like tumors']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The clinical outcome of prenatally diagnosed @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) continues to be affected significantly by associated extracardiac and @entity2008 . We sought to: determine the frequency and type of major @entity854 (with impact on quality of life) and @entity2008 associated with fetal @entity4297 ; and compare the @entity854 detected prenatally to the postnatal and autopsy findings in affected fetuses, to find the incidence of @entity854 missed on prenatal ultrasound. METHODS: We reviewed the computerized database of the Division of Cardiology of the Hospital for Sick @entity1 in Toronto to identify all cases of major @entity4297 detected prenatally from 1990 to 2002. Medical records, fetal echocardiograms and ultrasound, cytogenetic and autopsy reports were reviewed. The types of @entity4297 detected were grouped into categories and the frequencies of major extracardiac and @entity2008 in these categories were noted. Prenatal ultrasound findings were compared with those at autopsy or postnatal examination. RESULTS: Of 491 fetuses with major structural @entity4297 , complete data were obtained for 382. Of these, there were 141 (36.9%) with major @entity854 at autopsy or postnatal exam, of which 46 had @entity2008 and 95 did not. In the absence of @entity2008 , the organ systems most affected were urogenital (12.2%) and gastrointestinal (11.6%). CHDs with the highest incidence of @entity854 (>25%) included: heterotaxy, single left ventricle and @entity1145 , @entity1699 and @entity215 . Ninety-four of 334 (28.1%) fetuses tested had @entity2008 . The most common @entity2008 were trisomies 21 (43.6%), 18 (19.1%) and 13 (9.6%), @entity2689 (7.4%) and 22q11.2 deletion (7.4%). Of 289 @entity854 from the complete series, 134 (46.4%) were not identified prenatally. Of the missed @entity854 , 65 were considered not detectable at prenatal ultrasound, so 23.9% (69/289) of @entity854 were missed prenatally. CONCLUSIONS: Major extracardiac and @entity2008 are common in fetuses with major fetal @entity4297 . Many important associated @entity854 may be missed prenatally, which should be taken into consideration in the prenatal counseling for fetal @entity4297 .

title: Extracardiac lesions and XXXX associated with major fetal heart defects: comparison of intrauterine, postnatal and postmortem diagnoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['detectable extracardiac abnormalities', 'extracardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['monosomy X']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']


abstract: @entity3403 and other antibiotics have been implicated in oral contraceptive (OC) failure, but information is sparse and studies of a @entity3403 -OC interaction are nonexistent. Because an interaction between @entity3403 and OCs, especially those containing low-dose @entity172 , could result in an unplanned and unwanted pregnancy, a controlled clinical trial of the effects of @entity3403 on OC hormone concentrations was performed. Twenty-four @entity1 aged 18-35 years were recruited as volunteers from among the @entity1 seen in a University-based family planning clinic. While they were on a steady dose of the OC Ortho-Novum 1/35, serum concentrations of @entity2082 , @entity8098 , and endogenous @entity1420 were measured on days 18, 19, and 20 of the menstrual cycle (control phase). These measurements were repeated on days 18, 19, and 20 of the following menstrual cycle while the @entity1 was taking @entity3403 , 100 mg twice daily (treatment phase). No statistically significant differences in serum levels of @entity2082 , @entity8098 , or endogenous @entity1420 were seen between the control and treatment phases. However, there was large inter- @entity1 and intra- @entity1 variability in @entity2082 and @entity8098 levels. No elevations of endogenous @entity1420 occurred to suggest ovulation during antibiotic administration in either phase. It is not known what effects longer or earlier administration of @entity3403 during the OC cycle would have on serum hormone concentrations or ovulation. Pregnancies attributed to failure of OCs because of @entity803 use could in fact be due to other causes or could represent a true interaction that only manifests itself in a small proportion of @entity1 at risk.

title: The effect of XXXX on serum levels of @entity2082 , @entity8098 , and endogenous @entity1420 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8098 :: ('MESH:D009640', 'Chemical') :: ['norethindrone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxycycline', 'doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity3403 :: (MESH:D004318,Chemical) :: ['doxycycline']


abstract: One hundred-and-sixty-seven cases of @entity706 ( @entity706 ) diagnosed in the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, over a ten-year period (1979-88) were reviewed. The overall incidence rate is 13.4 per 100,000 with a median age of 29 years and a male:female ratio of 3:1. @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity978 ( @entity978 ) represent 67.7 pc and 32.3 pc cases respectively. Low, intermediate and high grade NHLs account for 51.4 pc, 17.7 pc and 30.0 pc of cases respectively; the collective median age at presentation is 31 years and the male:female ratio is 2:1 (Follicular: 13.3 pc; diffuse 86.7 pc). The small @entity1072 is the commonest @entity1893 ( @entity19 pc); the small non-cleaved cell type (African @entity2109 type) accounts for 24.7 pc with an incidence rate of 2.2 per 100,000 within the general population and a median age of 10 years. @entity978 (median age: 28 years) is the commonest form of @entity706 exhibiting only a single peak in the 21-30 years range. The male:female ratio is 8:1 and histological types associated with poor prognosis predominate. The prevalent clinical presentations is with a painless peripheral @entity3329 , the cervical group of lymph nodes is often involved representing 55 pc and 67 pc of @entity1893 and @entity978 cases respectively. @entity2109 present primarily as an @entity5 (67.8 pc of cases). Primary extradonal presentation is seen in 90 pc of MLs, all of which are the @entity1893 group with @entity2109 accounting for 80 pc of all cases.

title: XXXX in Jos, Nigeria: a ten-year study.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas', 'ML']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdomino-pelvic tumour']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Malignant lymphomas']


abstract: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) plasma concentration is increased in the elderly. In this group, the incidence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is greater and LDL remains an important risk factor for @entity453 development. In this study, the plasma kinetics of a @entity165 -rich emulsion that binds to LDL receptors was studied in 10-subject groups of the elderly (70 +/- 4 yr), middle-aged (42 +/- 5 yr) and young (23 +/- 2 yr). All were normolipidemic, nonobese, nondiabetic subjects who did not have @entity453 . The emulsion was labeled with @entity3209 - @entity23107 and injected intravenously into the subjects. Blood samples were drawn at regular intervals over 24 h to determine the plasma decay curve of the emulsion radioactive label and to estimate its plasma fractional clearance rate (FCR, in h(-1)). FCR of the emulsion label was smaller in elderly compared to young subjects (0.032 +/- 0.035 and 0.071 +/- 0.049 h(-1), respectively; mean +/- SD, P< 0.05). FCR of the middle-aged subjects (0.050 +/- 0.071 h(-1)) was intermediate between the values of the elderly and young subjects, although not statistically different from them. A negative correlation was found betweeen the emulsion FCR and subjects' age (r = -0.47, P = 0.008). We conclude that aging is accompanied by progressively diminished clearance of the emulsion @entity8557 and, by analogy, of the native LDL.

title: Plasma kinetics of a XXXX -rich emulsion in young, middle-aged, and elderly subjects.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol esters']

entities_list: @entity23107 :: ('MESH:C014409', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl oleate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: PURPOSE: The current study investigates the frequency and outcome of @entity5 in @entity1 treated for @entity5 at Hannover University Medical School between 1970 and 1990. @entity1 AND METHODS: One thousand twenty-five @entity1 with a median follow-up duration of 61 months (range, 12 to 240) were included in the analysis. Follow-up was complete in 1,018 @entity1 (99%). Histology was @entity4797 in 324 @entity1 (38.7%) and @entity10711 in 624 @entity1 (61.3%). At the time of median follow-up, 814 @entity1 (79.9%) were alive. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 developed a secondary @entity5 (cumulative incidence, 1.38%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 2.30); 13 @entity1 had @entity5 and one had @entity981 with a t(4; 11) translocation including band 11q23. None of 224 @entity1 on surveillance strategy (with or without retroperitoneal lymph node dissection [RPLND]) developed a second @entity5 , compared with four of 413 @entity1 (0.97%; 95% CI, 0 to 1.9) after @entity900 -based chemotherapy (not significant) and nine of 332 @entity1 (2.7%; 95% CI, 0.9 to 4.5) after radiotherapy (P = .02). The cumulative incidence of a secondary @entity5 of 1.76% (95% CI, 0.97 to 2.94) in @entity1 treated by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy was significantly higher compared with @entity1 on surveillance protocols (P = .03). Chemotherapy containing standard-dose @entity2879 did not increase the risk of occurrence of secondary @entity5 . A significantly elevated relative risk of 7.53 (range, 3.4 to 14.3) compared with the male German population was only found for @entity1 treated by radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Compared with @entity1 who have other curable @entity5 , an incidence of 1.38 of secondary @entity5 after a median follow-up duration of 61 months is low. The highest risk for secondary @entity5 after treatment of @entity5 is associated with the use of radiotherapy. Following chemotherapy, no significantly elevated risk was observed. In conclusion, the benefits of curative treatment far outweigh the risk of secondary @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity2971 .

title: XXXX following treatment of @entity2971 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['secondary lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'solid tumors', 'secondary malignancies', 'testicular cancer', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Secondary neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare continuous femoral nerve @entity1337 to oral opioid analgesics after discontinuation of epidural @entity1337 following total knee replacement. DESIGN: Randomized prospective controlled parallel group trial. Setting.    Large tertiary university teaching hospital in a major Midwestern city. Subjects.    Sixty-two subjects were randomized to receive neuraxial anesthesia followed by either oral analgesics (N = 31) or continuous femoral nerve @entity1337 (N = 31). INTERVENTIONS:     After discontinuation of epidural anesthesia on the morning after surgery, continuous femoral nerve @entity1337 ( @entity3795 ), @entity1342 25 mg bolus and 5 mg/h infusion was initiated. Catheters were removed 24 hours later. All subjects received oral opioid analgesics as needed. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was knee flexion at 1 month. Physical therapy assessments, @entity158 scores, opioid consumption, and @entity1 satisfaction were assessed during hospitalization. Knee flexion, @entity158 scores, and opioid consumption were collected at 1, 6, and 12 months, and health-related quality of life was collected at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS;     The median difference (95% CI) in the change in knee flexion from baseline was 7.5 (0 to 15) degrees greater after @entity3795 (P = 0.04) at 1 month. @entity3795 subjects had greater compliance with physical therapy, reduced @entity158 scores, and opioid requirements during hospitalization. @entity1031 events occurred in 0/31 @entity3795 vs 4/31 non- @entity3795 subjects (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3795 for 24 hours following discontinuation of epidural @entity1337 was associated with lower @entity158 scores, greater compliance with physical therapy, increased range of motion, reduced opioid @entity1337 use, and greater @entity1 satisfaction during hospitalization. The increased flexion of the operated joint was still evident at 1 month postoperatively.

title: A randomized trial of epidural @entity1337 followed by continuous femoral @entity1337 compared with oral opioid XXXX on short- and long-term functional recovery after total knee replacement.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the use, challenges and opportunities associated with using @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs) in studies with @entity1 with rare @entity2315 ( @entity2315 ), we conducted interviews with researchers and health technology assessment (HTA) experts, and developed the methods for a systematic review of the literature. The purpose of the review is to identify the psychometrically sound generic and disease-specific PROs used in studies with @entity1 with five @entity2315 of interest: Fabry, Gaucher (Type I), Niemann-Pick (Type B) and @entity13785 , and @entity1646 (Types I and II). METHODS: Researchers and HTA experts who responded to an email invitation participated in a telephone interview. We used qualitative content analysis to analyze the anonymized transcripts. We conducted a comprehensive literature search for studies that used PROs to investigate burden of disease or to assess the impact of interventions across the five @entity2315 of interest. RESULTS: Interviews with seven researchers and six HTA experts representing eight countries revealed five themes. These were: (i) the importance of using psychometrically sound PROs in studies with @entity395 , (ii) the paucity of disease-specific PROs, (iii) the importance of having PRO data for economic analyses, (iv) practical and psychometric limitations of existing PROs, and (v) suggestions for new PROs. The systematic review has been completed. CONCLUSIONS: The interviews highlight current challenges and opportunities experienced by researchers and HTA experts involved in work with rare @entity2315 . The ongoing systematic review will highlight the experience, opportunities, and limitations of PROs in @entity2315 and provide suggestions for future research.

title: XXXX -REPORTED OUTCOMES IN RARE LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES: KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS AND A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['LSDs', 'lysosomal storage diseases']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['Pompe diseases']

entities_list: @entity1646 :: ('MESH:D009083', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENT']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe a cohort of survivors of childhood @entity5 at risk of developing @entity1374 , and propose guidelines for management of such @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Late-effects oncology clinic at a large @entity1 's hospital in Sydney. SUBJECTS: 142 @entity1 who had received irradiation to the thyroid from the 1970s onwards, who attended the late-effects clinic from May 1989 to December 1998. INTERVENTIONS: Thyroid palpation by an endocrinologist or surgeon, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone assay and thyroid ultrasound examination were performed on all subjects and, depending on findings, some subjects proceeded to fine-needle biopsy or surgery (total thyroidectomy). A few @entity1 required adjuvant (131)I administration. OUTCOME MEASURES: Radiation dose received; results of thyroid palpation; thyroid function tests; ultrasound findings; diagnosis of the abnormalities; and outcomes of surgical interventions. RESULTS: 49 subjects (24 of 65 @entity1 who received scatter irradiation to the thyroid and 25 of 78 @entity1 who received direct irradiation) had thyroid surgery. Of these, 12 in the scatter and six in the direct irradiation group were found to have @entity1374 . Fifty subjects with abnormal ultrasound results remain under surveillance. Having a palpable thyroid was predictive of @entity5 , but age at original diagnosis, sex, current age, time since irradiation, radiation dose, nodule type and nodal involvement were not. CONCLUSION: There is a significant risk of @entity5 in thyroid glands exposed to radiation as part of therapy for @entity5 . This risk is greater for @entity1 who received scatter (versus direct) irradiation. Nodular change is usually not apparent for many years, so lifelong surveillance is necessary. Palpation alone is not sufficient to detect @entity259 and thyroid ultrasound examination is recommended.

title: @entity1374 following irradiation in adolescent and young adult survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'childhood cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy', 'thyroid abnormality']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['childhood cancer']


abstract: The research described in this review briefly summarizes evidence that short term pharmacological enhancement of noradrenergic (NA) synaptic activity, combined with symptom relevant experience (SRE), promotes functional recovery of some symptoms of @entity16 in @entity35 , cat and @entity1 beings even when treatment is initiated from days to weeks after injury. A summary is provided of the numerous drugs tested in rodent @entity130 models which have been proven useful for predicting beneficial or harmful effects on behavioral outcome in @entity1 @entity64 . The pattern of drug effects indicates a central role for NA in functional recovery. Additionally, studies of the effects of direct intraventricular infusion of @entity1154 neurotransmitters are reviewed and further support the hypothesized role of NA in recovery from some symptoms of @entity130 . The site of NA/SRE interaction to promote recovery from @entity1158 apparently involves the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to the @entity130 . Microinfusions of NA into the contra- but not ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere dramatically enhance recovery. Furthermore, like its systemic action, microinfusion of the alpha 1-NA receptor antagonist, @entity5333 , reinstates @entity1158 . A "permanent" symptom of motor cortex injury in the cat is the complete loss of tactile placing contralateral to the injury which does not spontaneously recover for as long as seven years after ablation. This postural reflex is temporarily restored for 8-12 hours following @entity4944 administration. However, this permanently lost reflex can be enduringly restored by transplanting @entity2922 secreting adrenal tissue into the wound cavity. The experiment is reviewed in detail and involves chromaffin cell autografts into the frontal cortex ablation wound cavity producing a restoration of tactile placing for the 7-10 month duration of the study. This enduring restoration of tactile placing is considered a result of the release of @entity2661 into the CNS from the grafted chromaffin cells found, by histochemical methods, surviving 7-10 months after transplant. Lastly, we attribute these delayed treatment effects to an attenuation of a diaschisis, or remote functional @entity308 , in morphologically intact areas anatomically connected to the area of injury. The widespread reduction of glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, produced by focal @entity130 , is normalized by the same treatment which alleviates symptoms and is worsened by drugs which exacerbate deficits. These data support the hypothesis that providing SRE during a period of enhanced NA synaptic activity produces an enduring functional recovery after @entity130 by attenuating remote functional @entity308 . This treatment for enhancing recovery is especially attractive since it is effective even when begun weeks after @entity16 .

title: Noradrenergic pharmacotherapy, intracerebral infusion and adrenal transplantation promote functional recovery after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cortical damage']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cortical injury']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['cortical damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to determine the efficacy of oral @entity10442 (a long-acting 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) in stopping @entity391 subsequent to discharge from @entity341 ( @entity341 ), in 6-month-old to 8-year-old @entity1 with @entity391 and @entity2700 , who had failed an initial trial of oral rehydration (ORT). METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were offered ORT on a slowly advancing schedule. @entity1 who tolerated the initial ORT were discharged home. @entity1 who vomited were randomized to receive either 40  g/kg of @entity10442 or placebo, and ORT was resumed. @entity1 who tolerated the postrandomization ORT were discharged home with another dose of the study drug. Parents were contacted by telephone every 24 hours until complete resolution of symptoms. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 with @entity391 at 24 hours. RESULTS: Of the 900 eligible @entity1 , 537 (60%) tolerated the initial ORT and were discharged home. Of the @entity1 who vomited during the initial ORT, 165 were included in the final study sample (placebo, n = 82; @entity10442 , n = 83). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of @entity1 with @entity391 at 24 hours ( @entity10442 , n = 38; placebo, n = 45; odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-1.19; P = .16). A similar trend in the proportion of @entity1 with @entity391 was noted for the entire follow-up period ( @entity10442 , n = 43; placebo, n = 47; odds ratio, 0.73; P = .33; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-1.36). CONCLUSION: @entity10442 was not effective in controlling @entity391 subsequent to discharge from @entity341 . It did not change the expected course of the illness.

title: Effectiveness of @entity10442 in controlling pediatric @entity391 after discharge from the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'gastroenteritis-related vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10442 :: ('MESH:D017829', 'Chemical') :: ['granisetron', 'Granisetron']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: Early detection and treatment of @entity2293 is crucial in management of @entity1 after cardiac surgery. Because of the atypical features of this condition and paucity of data on relative frequency of different signs, we evaluated the sensitivity of various clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic signs. We retrospectively evaluated the relative frequency of clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic signs in 29 @entity1 with @entity2293 after cardiac surgery. In our study 66% had a localized, @entity2294 , and the other 34% had circumferential pericardial effusion. In the whole group 24% of @entity1 had @entity551 , and pulsus paradoxus was noted in 48%, right @entity955 in 34%, right ventricular diastolic collapse in 27%, left ventricular diastolic collapse in 65%, and left @entity955 in 13%. Elevation with equalization of pressures was noted in 81% @entity1 . In the @entity1 group with circumferential pericardial effusion and @entity2293 40% @entity1 were @entity551 and 50% @entity1 had pulsus paradoxus. @entity309 was present in 70%, RV diastolic collapse in 70%, and LV diastolic collapse in 20%. Elevated diastolic pressures with equalization of these pressures was present in 71%. In the group with regional pericardial effusion and @entity2293 was present in 16% and pulsus paradoxus in 47%. @entity309 was present in 16%, RV diastolic collapse in 5%, LV diastolic collapse in 89%, and LA collapse in 21% of the @entity1 with regional tamponade. Elevated diastolic pressures with equalization of these pressures was noted in 86% of the @entity1 . Our observations indicate that among @entity1 who have undergone cardiac surgery the presentation of @entity2293 is usually atypical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Diagnosis of XXXX after cardiac surgery: relative value of clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic signs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade hypotension', 'cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['posterior pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial collapse']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RA collapse']

answer: @entity2293 :: (MESH:D002305,Disease) :: ['cardiac tamponade']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the value of a score-based system which allows standardized evaluation of @entity3126 on bedside chest radiographs (CXRs) under routine clinical conditions. METHODS: Seven experienced readers assessed bedside CXRs of ten @entity1 with an extravascular lung water (EVLW)-value of    <=   8 mL/kg (range: 4-8 mL/kg; indicates no @entity3126 ) and a series of ten @entity1 with an EVLW-value of   >=    15 mL/kg (range: 15-21 mL/kg; = indicates a @entity3126 ) with and without customized software which would permit a standardized assessment of the various indications of @entity3126 . The software provides a score that identifies @entity1 with and without @entity3126 . EVLW-values were measured instantly after bedside CXR imaging using a pulse contour cardiac output (PiCCO) system and served as a reference standard. The @entity1 were non-traumatic and not treated with diuretics or @entity452 during bedside CXR imaging and the PiCCO measurements. Mean sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, the percentage of overall agreement and the free-marginal multirater kappa value was calculated for both the standard and the standardized score-based approach. The net reclassification index was calculated for each reader as well as for all readers. RESULTS: Evaluation of bedside CXRs by means of the score-based approach took longer (23        12 seconds versus 7        3 seconds without the use of the software) but improved radiologists' sensitivity (from 57 to 77%), specificity (from 90 to 100%) and the free-marginal multirater kappa value (from 0.34 to 0.68). The positive predictive value was raised from 85 to 100% and the negative predictive value from 68 to 81%. A net reclassification index of 0.3 (all readers) demonstrates an improvement in prediction performance gained by the score-based approach. The percentage of overall agreement was 67% with the standard approach and 84% with the software-based approach. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic accuracy of bedside CXRs to discriminate @entity1 with elevated EVLW-values from those with a normal value can be improved with the use of a standardized score-based approach. The investigated system is freely available as a web-based application (accessible via: http://www.radiologie.uk-erlangen.de/aerzte-und-zuweiser/ @entity4 ).

title: Improving diagnostic accuracy in assessing XXXX on bedside chest radiographs using a standardized scoring approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

answer: @entity3126 :: (MESH:D011654,Disease) :: ['pulmonary edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Between 4% and 25% of school-age @entity1 complain of recurrent @entity490 (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with daily activities. It is unclear whether the diagnosis of RAP includes @entity1 with different aetiologies for their @entity158 . For the majority of such @entity1 , no organic cause for their @entity158 can be found on physical examination or investigation. Although most @entity1 are likely managed by reassurance and simple measures, a large range of interventions have been recommended. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of dietary interventions for recurrent @entity490 in school-age @entity1 . SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, LILACS and JICST were searched using a strategy combining (Recurrent OR synonyms) AND (Abdomen OR synonyms) AND ( @entity158 ). Where appropriate, search filters were employed. In addition, researchers working in this area were asked to identify relevant studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Any study in which the majority of @entity1 were school-age @entity1 fulfilling standard criteria for RAP, and who were allocated by random or quasi-random methods to any dietary treatment compared with a placebo or no treatment, were selected. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: References identified by the searches were screened against the inclusion criteria by two independent reviewers. MAIN RESULTS: Four trials were included in the review overall. Two comparing fibre supplements with placebo (Christensen 1982, Feldman 1985) were included, with data from one study reported in two papers (Christensen 1982, Christensen 1986). A total of 92 school-aged @entity1 participated in the two trials. The pooled odds ratio for improvement in the frequency of @entity490 was 1.16 (95% CI 0.45-2.87). Two trials (Lebenthal 1981, Dearlove 1983) comparing @entity1132 -containing with @entity1132 -free diets were included. A total of 90 school-aged @entity1 participated in these two trials; however, neither trial reported data in a form which could be used in the meta-analysis and the former trial had a loss to follow-up of 45%. We are continuing to try to contact the authors of the Lebenthal 1981 trial for more data. The authors of Dearlove 1983 reported that raw data from their trial is not available. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of high quality evidence on the effectiveness or otherwise of dietary interventions. This review suggests that fibre supplements are not effective in the management of RAP, although the trials are small and of variable quality. The trials from @entity1132 -restricting diets are as yet wholly inclusive. There is a need for well-designed trials (which include compliance measures) of all recommended dietary interventions for @entity1 with RAP.

title: Dietary interventions for recurrent XXXX (RAP) in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain OR synonyms', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity955 ( @entity955 ), the most common @entity943 in elderly @entity1 , accounts for 15% of @entity64 . Oral anticoagulation (OAC) can reduce the risk of @entity64 by 60% but is underprescribed. The HAS-BLED score ( @entity101 , @entity409 , @entity64 , Bleeding, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs) can predict OAC @entity548 complications. The authors hypothesized that use of HAS-BLED can help align decision making with current evidence. METHODS: The authors developed a survey with four clinical vignettes designed to highlight the complexity in deciding whether to anticoagulate elderly @entity1 with @entity955 . Physicians were randomly assigned to receive the survey either including the HAS-BLED score and the estimated annual risk of @entity548 (intervention) or without (control). Following each vignette, @entity1 were asked: (1) whether they would recommend OAC and (2) to estimate the risk of @entity548 and @entity64 . The "appropriate" anticoagulation decision was defined as the choice that minimized the risk of @entity64 and major @entity548 . RESULTS: A total of 203 physicians were recruited for the survey, with 55 responses obtained (27%). Physicians who were given the HAS-BLED score were 18% more likely to choose appropriate anticoagulation (74% vs. 56%, P < .05). The HAS-BLED score assisted physicians in both choosing to anticoagulate when appropriate and not to anticoagulate when the risk of @entity548 outweighed the benefit. Overall, physicians were poor at estimating the risk of @entity64 (42% correct) and major @entity548 (31% correct). CONCLUSIONS: Presentation of the HAS-BLED score led to an 18% improvement in appropriate OAC choices. Future study should evaluate incorporation of HAS-BLED use in real-time clinical situations.

title: A standardized XXXX risk score aligns anticoagulation choices with current evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormal renal or liver function']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Synoptic reporting, either as part of the pathology report or replacing some free text component incorporates standardized data elements in the form of checklists for pathology reporting. This ensures the pathologists make note of these findings in their reports, thereby improving the quality and uniformity of information in the pathology reports. METHODS: The purpose of this project is to develop the entire set of elements in the synoptic templates or "worksheets" for @entity1583 using the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) @entity5 Checklists. The CAP checklists' content was supplemented with the most updated classification scheme (WHO classification), specimen details, staging as well as information on various ancillary techniques such as cytochemical studies, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics including Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization (FISH) studies and genotyping. We have used a digital synoptic reporting system as part of an existing laboratory information system (LIS), CoPathPlus, from Cerner DHT, Inc. The synoptic elements are presented as discrete data points, so that a data element such as @entity5 type is assigned from the synoptic value dictionary under the value of @entity5 type, allowing the user to search for just those cases that have that value point populated. RESULTS: These synoptic worksheets are implemented for use in our LIS. The data is stored as discrete data elements appear as an accession summary within the final pathology report. In addition, the synoptic data can be exported to research databases for linking pathological details on banked tissues. CONCLUSION: Synoptic reporting provides a structured method for entering the diagnostic as well as prognostic information for a particular pathology specimen or sample, thereby reducing transcription services and reducing specimen turnaround time. Furthermore, it provides accurate and consistent diagnostic information dictated by pathologists as a basis for appropriate therapeutic modalities. Using synoptic reports, consistent data elements with minimized typographical and transcription errors can be generated and placed in the LIS relational database, enabling quicker access to desired information and improved communication for appropriate @entity5 management. The templates will also eventually serve as a conduit for capturing and storing data in the virtual biorepository for translational research. Such uniformity of data lends itself to subsequent ease of data viewing and extraction, as demonstrated by rapid production of standardized, high-quality data from the @entity706 specimens.

title: Synoptic tool for reporting of XXXX based on World Health Organization classification and College of American Pathologists checklist.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic and lymphoid neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['hemopoietic and lymphoid neoplasm']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological and lymphoid neoplasms']


abstract: AIM: To describe the radiological findings of idiopathic @entity10516 (IGM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Radiologic findings of 30 @entity1 with histopathological diagnosis of IGM were retrospectively evaluated. All had breast feeding history. All the @entity1 had ultrasonography (US), with 12 of them having additional Doppler US. Of 30 @entity1 , 11 had mammography (MG) and 5 MRI. RESULTS: US showed multiple irregular hypoechoic masses and collection areas with tubular connections in 25 of 30. The collection area with low-level internal echoes but without tubular connections, suggesting an @entity733 were seen in 2 of 30 (6.6%); a hypoechoic mass with an indistinct border in 2 of 30 (6.6%); multiple milimetric hypoechoic nodular masses in 1 of 30 (3.3%). On MG, normal findings were noted in 5 (45.4%); focal asymmetric density in 4 (36.4%), parenchymal distortion in 1 (9%) and diffuse asymmetric opacity with trabecular thickening in 1 (9%) of 30 @entity1 . On MRI, segmental T2 hyperintensity with contrast-enhancement on T1 were seen in 4 of 5 (80%). An enhancing T2 hypointense mass with irregular margin was present in 1 of 5 (20%). Time-signal intensity curve of lesions showed slow enhancement in 1 and moderate in 4 of 5 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In IGM, MG findings were nonspecific. In US, multiple irregular hypoechoic masses and collections with tubular connections with fingerlike aspects, and fistulae formation to the skin in @entity1 with breastfeeding history suggested IGM rather than @entity189 . Due to the limited number of @entity1 , no conclusion was reached regarding MRI of IGM.

title: Radiologic findings of idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10516 :: ('MESH:D058890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous mastitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity10516 :: (MESH:D058890,Disease) :: ['granulomatous mastitis']


abstract: Forty @entity1 with @entity150 were examined preoperatively by means of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In all @entity1 , total cystectomy with enterocystoplasty and pelvic node dissection was performed. The surgical and pathologic findings were correlated with the MR findings. Extension through the deep muscle of the bladder wall was present in 20 of the 40 @entity1 and was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 95%. Extension to perivesical fat was present in 18 of 40 @entity1 and was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 100%. Invasion of the adjacent organs was present in nine of 40 @entity1 and was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 44% and a specificity of 96%. On the basis of the MR findings, the @entity5 was correctly staged, according to the TNM classification, in 24 of 40 (60%) @entity1 , @entity5 extension was overestimated in three of 40 (7.5%) @entity1 , and @entity5 extension was underestimated in 13 of 40 (32.5%) @entity1 . MR imaging has been shown to be accurate in identification of macroscopic lymph node involvement and deep muscle involvement. It appears to be at least as useful as computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of perivesical fat involvement and to be superior to CT in the detection of invasion of adjacent organs. One limitation of MR imaging is in the evaluation of @entity5 extension into the periurethral glands.

title: MR staging of XXXX : correlation with pathologic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity281 , including @entity5924 , are common causes of early childhood hospitalization. The development of later @entity565 may be related to early @entity281 in young @entity1 . This study is to investigate the relationship between hospitalized @entity281 (HAI) in young @entity1 (< 3 years old) and later childhood @entity565 . METHODS: Hospitalized @entity1 (< 3 years old) with @entity5924 or other acute @entity281 (other HAI group) from 1997-2000 were retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, and compared to age- and gender-matched subjects with regards to @entity565 until 10 years of age; and potential comorbidities and medical care conditions. RESULTS: In total, 3,264 @entity1 (1,981 with @entity5924 ; 1,283 with other @entity2023 ) were compared to 18,527 controls. The incidence of childhood @entity565 was higher in the study (16.2%) than the control (11.7%) group, and most cases were diagnosed between 3-5 years old. The hazard ratios were 1.583 (95% CI: 1.414-1.772) and 1.226 (95% CI: 1.053-1.428) for the @entity5924 and other HAI subgroups, respectively, compared to the control group, and 1.228 (95% CI: 1.075-1.542) in the @entity5924 subgroup compared to the other @entity2023 subgroup. A significantly higher odds ratio (1.973, 95% CI: 1.193-3.263) for the @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in the @entity5924 subgroup was found at an age of 3-5 years compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Young @entity1 (< 3 years old) hospitalized due to acute @entity2023 are at a higher risk of developing childhood @entity565 at age 3 to 10 years. The parents of @entity1 with @entity2023 at age 0 to 2 years should be informed for the higher risk of developing childhood @entity565 , especially in @entity1 with @entity299 and @entity5924 .

title: A longitudinal study on early hospitalized XXXX and subsequent childhood @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['airway infections']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['airway infections']


abstract: Neural networks capable of generating coordinated rhythmic activity form at early stages of development in the spinal cord. In this study, voltage-imaging techniques were used to examine the spatiotemporal pattern of rhythmic activity in transverse slices of lumbar spinal cord from embryonic and neonatal @entity35 . Real-time images were recorded in slices stained with the voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye @entity58996 using a 464-element photodiode array. Fluorescence signals showed spontaneous voltage oscillations with a frequency of 3 Hz. Simultaneous recordings of fluorescence and extracellular field potential demonstrated that the two signals oscillated with the same frequency and had a distinct phase relationship, indicating that the fluorescence changes represented changes in transmembrane potentials. The oscillations were reversibly blocked by @entity1953 (1 mM), indicating a dependence on @entity141 influx through voltage-gated @entity141 channels. Extracellular field potentials revealed oscillations with the same frequency in both stained and unstained slices. Oscillations were apparent throughout a slice, although their amplitudes varied in different regions. The largest amplitude oscillations were produced in the lateral regions. To examine the spatial organization of rhythm-generating networks, slices were cut into halves and quarters. Each fragment continued to oscillate with the same frequency as intact slices but with smaller amplitudes. This finding suggested that rhythm-generating networks were widely distributed and did not depend on long-range projections. In slices from neonatal @entity35 , the oscillations exhibited a complex spatiotemporal pattern, with depolarizations alternating between mirror locations in the right and left sides of the cord. Furthermore, within each side depolarizations alternated between the lateral and medial regions. This medial-lateral pattern was preserved in hemisected slices, indicating that pathways intrinsic to each side coordinated this activity. A different pattern of oscillation was observed in slices from embryos with synchronous 3-Hz oscillations occurring in limited regions. Our study demonstrated that rhythm generators were distributed throughout transverse sections of the lumbar spinal cord and exhibited a complex spatiotemporal pattern of coordinated rhythmic activity.

title: Interactions between multiple rhythm generators produce complex patterns of oscillation in the developing XXXX spinal cord.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the rates of persistent and recurrent @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) who had positive surgical margin from Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Clinical and pathological data of all @entity1 who underwent LEEP procedures and revealed @entity2784 with positive surgical margin between July 1997 and December 2004 were recorded. RESULTS: Histologic diagnoses of @entity2784 with positive surgical margin were found in 95 cases during the study period. @entity66 were identified at ectocervical margins in 46 cases (48.4%), endocervical margin in 26 cases (27.4%), and both margins in 23 cases (24.2%). Subsequent hysterectomy was performed in 58 cases (61.0%). The remaining 37 cases (38.9%) underwent periodic follow-up with the median follow up period of 11 months (range, 1-74 months). Persistent diseases were identified in 18 of 58 hysterectomized cases but none in 37 follow-up cases. @entity66 was identified in only one case in the follow-up group. Overall the rates of persistent and recurrent disease were found in 18.9% and 1.1% respectively. CONCLUSION: In @entity2784 @entity1 with positive surgical margin from LEEP the rate of persistent disease was 18.9%, while the rate of recurrence was 1.1%.

title: @entity5 persistence in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion XXXX with positive surgical margin post loop electrosurgical excision procedure.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['HSIL', 'High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion', 'HSIL lesions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Residual diseases', 'Recurrent disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mucosal attachment that forms to @entity702 implants, uncontaminated by bacterial plaque comprises, independent of the surface characteristics of the abutment, one barrier epithelium and one zone of connective tissue attachment. It was suggested that abutments with a rough surface may accumulate more plaque than abutments with a smooth surface and that such an enhanced rate of plaque build-up may favor the development of inflammatory lesions in the periimplant mucosa. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present experiment was to study some reactions of the periimplant mucosa to plaque accumulation on implant abutments designed with either a rough or a smooth external surface. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In five @entity235 , four fixtures were placed and submerged in the premolar region. In a second stage procedure performed after 3 months, abutments with two different types of surface topography, @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) and one smooth, turned abutment (TA), were installed in a random order. After 6 months of undisturbed plaque formation, the animals were sacrificed and biopsies obtained. Tissue samples were prepared for light microscopy and exposed to histometric and morphometric measurements. RESULTS: Six months of plaque accumulation resulted in the establishment of an inflammatory lesion (pl-ICT) in the connective tissue of the periimplant mucosa, the location, size and composition of which did not differ between @entity7245 and TA sites. In addition, most @entity7245 and TA sites harbored a second inflammatory cell infiltrate in the tissue lateral to the abutment/fixture junction (ab-ICT). While pl-ICT was dominated by plasma cells and lymphocytes, ab-ICT contained a comparatively large number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. CONCLUSION: The different surface characteristics of abutment made of c.p. @entity702 failed to influence plaque formation and the establishment of inflammatory cell lesions in the periimplant mucosa.

title: Soft tissue reactions to plaque formation at implant abutments with different surface topography. An experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'one rough, acid-etched']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: More than 10  % of @entity1 during school years suffer from a transient @entity1765 , and 1  % has a particular type of @entity1765 known as @entity4676 . At present, there is no available treatment that can improve tics without considerable side effects. Recent evidence indicates that @entity839 ( @entity839 ), the @entity2483 , reduced in @entity19 the head twitch responses, a tic pharmacologically induced by the selective @entity750 5-HT2 receptor agonist @entity60608 (DOI). @entity839 has some considerable side effects that render its use problematic. In this view, @entity31670 ( @entity31670 ), an indirect cannabinoid agonist that enhances endogenous @entity9393 levels, can constitute a valid alternative to the use of direct @entity14650 receptor agonists. We investigated whether @entity31670 may reduce the exhibition of DOI-induced head twitch responses in @entity19 . Moreover, to address whether the effects of @entity31670 on DOI-induced behavioral response constitute a general phenomenon, we evaluated four (ABH, C57BL/6N, SJL/J, @entity2659 ) @entity19 strains. These strains have been selected in order to represent an ample spectrum of genetic background and phenotypic variation. Predictably, DOI induced consistent @entity146 in all @entity19 . While @entity31670 exerted slight sedation in C57BN/6L @entity19 , this cannabinoid agonist remarkably mitigated the exhibition of DOI-induced head twitch in all strains. Present data may disclose novel avenues for the pharmacological treatment of @entity1765 .

title: Interaction Between the Endocannabinoid and Serotonergic System in the Exhibition of Head Twitch Response in Four XXXX Strains.

entities_list: @entity839 :: ('MESH:D013759', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrocannabinol', 'THC']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tic-like behaviors']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['tic disorder', 'tic disorders']

entities_list: @entity31670 :: ('MESH:C500528', 'Chemical') :: ['URB597', "cyclohexyl-carbamic acid 3'-carbamoyl-biphenyl-3-yl ester"]

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['anandamide']

entities_list: @entity60608 :: ('CHEBI:64629', 'Chemical') :: ['2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['principal psychoactive component of cannabis']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the results and describe the technique of closed reduction and placement of a two-pin supra-acetabular external fixator, followed by immediate weight bearing, in the treatment of displaced vertically stable lateral compression pelvic @entity174 . DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive. SETTING: Regional @entity130 center. @entity1 : A consecutive series of fourteen @entity1 with displaced, vertically stable lateral compression pelvic @entity174 who were transported to a regional @entity130 center. INTERVENTION: Surgical treatment with closed reduction and maintenance of the distraction force with a two-pin, single-bar, supra-acetabular external fixator, followed by immediate weight bearing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Healing rate and time, operative @entity190 and time, quality of reduction, time to full weight-bearing, and incidence of complications, including @entity531 , loss of reduction, nonunion, pin tract infections, and @entity1118 . RESULTS: A symmetric reduction of both hemipelves was achieved in all fourteen @entity1 . Time to healing averaged 8.2 weeks (seven to twelve weeks), and no fixator required removal before healing. There were no delayed unions or nonunions, and none of the @entity174 displaced significantly after initial reduction. Average surgical time was thirty-seven minutes (range, twenty-five to sixty minutes) with an estimated @entity190 of less than fifty milliliters. @entity1 were allowed to bear full weight immediately and were able to do so without ambulatory assistive devices within an average of twelve days (range, three to eighteen days). Complications consisted of three minor pin tract infections, one temporary lateral femoral @entity129 , one late pin tract abscess, and one @entity1 with chronic @entity1643 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of type B lateral compression injuries of the pelvic ring with anterior distraction external fixation is a highly effective yet relatively simple and minimally invasive treatment method. Surgical time and @entity190 are minimal, and @entity1 can be effectively and rapidly mobilized. Based on our experience, we believe this method to be a valuable tool in the treatment of these @entity174 .

title: Distraction external fixation in lateral compression pelvic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular deficits']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2774 to @entity5536 transition at position -308 @entity2036 in the @entity5 @entity39 factor promoter region ( @entity310 -308A) is a putative genetic risk factor for @entity1468 / @entity3036 ( @entity5029 ). However, association studies have reported conflicting findings and have generally been underpowered to exclude modest effect sizes. AIM: To assess and synthesise the available evidence for the association of the @entity310 (-308A) polymorphism with @entity5029 . METHODS: Systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of genetic association studies. RESULTS: Sixteen eligible case-control studies in which a total of 1919 @entity1 with @entity5029 and 2374 controls participated were identified. The studies were generally small but of reasonable methodological quality. Random effects meta-analysis improved the precision of the estimate of effect size but did not detect a statistically significant association: pooled relative risk 1.02 (95% confidence interval 0.86 to 1.20). CONCLUSIONS: The available data are not consistent with more than a very modest association between the @entity310 (-308A) allele and @entity5029 . Screening pregnant @entity1 for this allele in order to guide antenatal surveillance or treatment is unwarranted. Future research efforts should focus on alternative candidate genes.

title: Tumour XXXX factor (-308A) polymorphism in @entity1468 : meta-analysis of 16 case-control studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: We defined a standardized approach to surgery of sinonasal @entity1179 ( @entity1179 ) for adequate and safe resection. A cohort of 65 @entity1 treated from January 1995 to December 2005 at a single institution was retrospectively analyzed (mean follow-up: 28 months; range 1-132). The extension of the @entity5 was evaluated on clinical findings and computed tomography (CT) scan and/or resonance magnetic imaging (RMI). External and endoscopic surgical approaches were compared according to @entity5 extension, rate of local recurrence. Univariate analysis was used to review the impact on disease-free survival of factors related to the histopathological findings and the treatment. Endoscopic (alone or combined with transantral approach) and external surgery were used in 46 @entity1 (71%) and 19 @entity1 , respectively. Endoscopic approach (34/46) was performed to control @entity1179 in the nasal fossa, the ostiomeatal complex, the sphenoid sinus. It was combined with Caldwell-Luc procedure (12/46) for @entity5 extent into the lateral part of the maxillary sinus. The mean time for recurrences to occur was 19 months with range of 5-35 months. The rate of local recurrence was 17.6% (6/34) in endoscopic approach alone, 8.3% in endoscopic approach combined with a Caldwell-Luc procedure and 15.8% (3/19) in external approach. @entity5 extension, excision with safe margins, associated @entity5 or @entity1141 have no significant impact on disease-free survival regardless of surgical procedure. On the basis of imaging evaluation and peroperative view of @entity5 extent, we propose a surgical strategy in which endoscopic approach could be used on the first attempt by trained surgeons. RMI is very useful to determine acute extent of the disease.

title: Surgical management of sinonasal XXXX through endoscopic approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'inverted papillomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['inverted papillomas']


abstract: @entity11333 are the important etiological agents of water and food related @entity294 cases which are frequently seen during summer/early autumn seasons in developing countries. This point prevalence study was aimed to determine the protozoal antigen positivity rate in @entity294 cases admitted to the emergency service in one single day. A total of 198 @entity5163 @entity1 (90 male, 108 female; age range: 1-82 years, mean age: 29 years) who were admitted to the emergency service of Ankara Training and Research Hospital were included in the study. Macroscopic and direct microscopic examinations were performed for the stool samples of @entity1 , and the samples which yielded pathological microscopic findings (e.g. presence of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and trophozoits) were investigated in terms of Entamoeba histolytica adhesin antigen, Giardia intestinalis cyst antigen and Cryptosporidium oocyst antigen by commercial ELISA kits (Techlab, USA). Macroscopic examination of the stool samples revealed that 60 (30%) of them had blood and mucous, 137 (69%) were watery and one sample had normal appearance. Pathologic results were obtained for 96 (48.5%) of the samples by microscopic examination: 36 (37.5%) revealed erythrocytes, 90 (93.7%) had leukocytes and 3 (1.5%) had @entity461 trophozoites. Since Shigella spp. were cultured in two of these 96 samples, these two cases were omitted from the study and 94 samples were investigated by ELISA assays. @entity461 was detected in 13 (13.8%) and @entity2330 in 2 (2.1%) samples while Cryptosporidium antigen was not detected in any of the samples by the ELISA assays. It was concluded that ELISA antigen assays were rapid and cost-effective methods for the determination of the causative agent in cases of @entity294 .

title: [Protozoal antigen positivity in XXXX @entity1 admitted to emergency service: a point prevalence study].

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal parasites']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['E.histolytica']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['G.intestinalis']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal']

answer: @entity5163 :: (MESH:D004403,Disease) :: ['diarrheal']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose/aim: To focus on current molecular and genetic aspects and MTA proteins, since @entity788 is a lethal malignant with poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is essential step, contributing to potential curative resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A PubMed search of relevant articles published up to August 2016 was performed to identify current information about @entity788 regarding molecular biomarkers, with emphasis on @entity105 , novel therapeutic targets, and MTA proteins. RESULTS: Understanding the mechanisms involved in the process of @entity105 at the molecular level and the recognition of various oncogenes has opened new horizons for both diagnosis and targeted therapy. @entity3 associated (MTA) proteins ( @entity30949 , @entity5851 , @entity60496 ) comprise a well-established family of biomarkers. The oncogene @entity30949 and its expression product @entity30949 protein are the most important and adequately studied in the current research. It defines the growth, local invasiveness, lymphatic spread, and metastatic capacity of @entity5 such as @entity14 including also @entity788 . This protein is associated with malignant potential and biological behavior. Consequently, it could contribute to @entity5 detection since the first stages of @entity105 , as well as in prediction of its malignant differentiation grade. The pre-operative information of the possibility of lymph node involvement may also affect the attempt and the extent of curative resection and lymphadenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity105 and implicated oncogenes, either activators or repressors, concentrate much research interest, as well as being useful as biomarkers and for targeted therapy. MTA proteins could become useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in current management of @entity788 .

title: Current Molecular and Genetic Aspects of @entity788 , the Role of XXXX Associated Proteins (MTA): A Review.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['various malignancies', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal or gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis', 'Carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: We studied the effects of intravenous @entity561 on disease activity in 36 @entity1 with active @entity4261 . @entity561 was administered to 3 groups of 12 @entity1 at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg intravenously daily for 5 consecutive days. The @entity1 were matched for disease activity. Symptomatic improvement was seen in at least 10 @entity1 in each treatment group. @entity561 induced a dose-dependent suppression of biochemical indices of bone turnover in all @entity1 . A significant reduction in the mean fasting urinary excretion of @entity720 occurred within 2 days of starting treatment, reaching a nadir at 2-4 weeks, which was most marked in @entity1 receiving 10 mg of @entity561 (p < 0.05). There was a slower fall in serum alkaline phosphatase activity with maximal suppression occurring 3 months after the start of treatment. The degree of suppression was least for those receiving 2.5 mg of @entity561 (p < 0.05) but no difference in response was observed for the other dosages. The duration of response was also dose-related. A significant fall in the serum @entity460 and urinary excretion of @entity460 occurred from the second day of treatment but returned to pretreatment values by 4 months. A transient fall in the mean lymphocyte count was observed, which was similar for each group. This was associated with a short-lived fever in 3 @entity1 receiving 10 mg, in 4 @entity1 receiving 5 mg, and in 2 @entity1 receiving 2.5 mg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of intravenous @entity561 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate', 'Alendronate']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease of bone"]

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease of bone']


abstract: Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of luciferase reporters provides a cost-effective and sensitive means to image biological processes. However, transport of luciferase substrates across the cell membrane does affect BLI readout intensity from intact living cells. To investigate the effect of @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC) transporters on BLI readout, we generated click beetle (cLuc), firefly (fLuc), Renilla (rLuc), and Gaussia ( @entity15034 ) luciferase HEK-293 reporter cells that overexpressed different ABC transporters ( @entity1262 , @entity11092 , and @entity10430 ). In vitro studies showed a significant BLI intensity decrease in intact cells compared to cell lysates, when @entity10430 was overexpressed in HEK-293/cLuc, fLuc, and rLuc cells. Selective ABC transporter inhibitors were also applied. Inhibition of @entity10430 activity increased the BLI intensity more than two-fold in HEK-293/cLuc, fLuc, and rLuc cells; inhibition of @entity1262 elevated the BLI intensity two-fold only in HEK-293/rLuc cells. BLI of xenografts derived from HEK-293/ABC transporter/luciferase reporter cells confirmed the results of inhibitor treatment in vivo. These findings demonstrate that @entity45015 -based rLuc-BLI intensity can be modulated by @entity1262 and @entity10430 . @entity10430 modulates @entity49959 -based BLI in a luciferase type-independent manner. Little ABC transporter effect on @entity15034 -BLI intensity is observed because a large fraction of @entity15034 is secreted. The expression level of ABC transporters is one key factor affecting BLI intensity, and this may be particularly important in luciferase-based applications in stem cell research.

title: XXXX -binding cassette transporters modulate both @entity45015 - and @entity49959 -based bioluminescence imaging.

entities_list: @entity49959 :: ('MESH:C532924', 'Chemical') :: ['d-luciferin']

entities_list: @entity45015 :: ('MESH:C017144', 'Chemical') :: ['coelenterazine']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is a common joint deterioration initiated by multiple factors. To better understand related factors in the development of this disease, we focused on the mechanical stress loaded on articular cartilage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anterior cruciate ligaments of @entity95 knee joints were transected, and expression of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) examined immunohistochemically. The @entity7131 activator @entity864 ( @entity865 ) was then administered intraarticularly. To determine the involvement of gas mediators, a cartilage defect was made on the medical femoral condyle of @entity95 knee joints. Hydrostatic pressure was loaded on the cartilage taken from the surrounding defects, and levels of @entity224 anion and @entity842 (NO) were measured. @entity291 chondrocytes were subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch using a Flexercell Strain Instrument. Proteoglycan synthesis and @entity7131 activity were measured. Expression of @entity1549 and @entity2843 in articular cartilages obtained from @entity571 @entity1 were examined using Northern blots. RESULTS: Chondrocytes from experimentally induced @entity571 were stained positively with anti-alpha- @entity7131 antibody. Intraarticular administration of @entity865 prevented the development of @entity571 changes. Cyclic tensile stretch loaded on chondrocytes decreased proteoglycan synthesis and @entity7131 activity. Thus, @entity7131 is involved in the stress-mediated degradation of articular cartilage. Cartilage defects led to degradation of surrounding cartilage and to enhanced @entity224 anion and NO synthesis. We also noted increased and decreased expressions of @entity1549 and @entity2843 mRNA in @entity1 @entity571 cartilage, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity7131 , gas mediators ( @entity224 anion, NO), and proteinases are all involved in @entity571 .

title: Factors related to degradation of articular cartilage in XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity1549 :: ('4314', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-3', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1', 'TIMP-1']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the co-incidence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in @entity1 investigated for @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ), and to establish the relationship between the risk factors in the two groups of @entity1 . METHODS: The prospective study, done from January 2005 and April 2009, at the Cardiology Clinic of Rize Education and Research Hospital, Rize and John F. Kennedy Hospital, Istanbul, @entity233 , had a cohort of 307 @entity1 who had been diagnosed with @entity3657 either clinically or by ultrasonography for the arteries of the lower extremities and had undergone coronary angiography and peripheral angiography in the same or different sessions. The @entity1 were evaluated in terms of age, gender and @entity731 risk factors. Relationship of the extent of @entity3657 with coronary artery involvement was investigated. RESULTS: Of the 307 @entity1 , 251 (81.8%) were male, and the mean age was 62.1 +/- 9.5 years. In the study population, 178 (58.0%) @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity101 , 84 (27.4%) @entity1 were @entity6 , 18 (5.9%) @entity1 had a family history of @entity453 , 111 (36.2%) were smokers, 149 (48.5%) were @entity753 , and 20 (6.5%) had @entity66 . In 92.3% of @entity1 with @entity3657 , various levels of @entity3979 (P = 0.007) was noticed. @entity101 was a risk factor for both @entity453 (p = 0.012 and 0.027, respectively). Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of @entity3657 was related to the coronary variety (Odds ratio [OR]: 6, 95% CI: 1.4-25.5, P = 0.016) and severe cases ( @entity731 and complete occlusion in all segments) significantly indicated the presence of some coronary pathology (OR: 8, 95% CI: 1.7-37.4, P = 0.008). This relationship maintained its significance after adjustment for age, gender, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking, @entity101 , @entity6 , family history, and the presence of @entity66 (p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: @entity453 had similar risk factors. The extent of @entity3657 observed during peripheral lower extremity angiography was significantly associated with the presence and severity of @entity453 . Particular attention should be focused on the possibility of @entity453 in @entity1 with established and extensive @entity3657 . Non-invasive, as well as invasive tests, should be performed to decrease morbidity and mortality risk of such @entity1 .

title: Relationship of the angiographic extent of XXXX with coronary artery involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral artery disease', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'diffused atherosclerotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular/carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'Peripheral coronary artery diseases', 'coronary and peripheral artery diseases', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity354 is usually a chronic condition. Healing with @entity4546 is often followed by early relapse. Combination treatment and subsequent maintenance treatment with the prokinetic @entity4392 may be of benefit in relapse prevention. METHODS: @entity1 with endoscopically proven @entity354 , grade I (n = 120) or grade II (n = 105), were randomized in an open fashion to receive 8 weeks of healing treatment with @entity4546 20 mg daily (OM) followed by 12 months of follow-up without maintenance treatment, or 8 weeks of combined treatment of @entity4546 20 mg daily plus @entity4392 5 mg t.d.s. (OMCIS) followed by 12 months of maintenance treatment with @entity4392 5 mg t.d.s. (CIS). Only the @entity1 healed after acute treatment were included in the 12-month follow-up study for evaluation of endoscopic relapse. RESULTS: In the group of @entity1 with @entity354 grade I (n = 58 receiving OM, n = 62 receiving OMCIS), healing rates were comparable for both acute treatment regimens. In the group of @entity1 with grade II (n = 54 receiving OM, n = 51 receiving OMCIS), the healing rates were slightly but not significantly in favour of OMCIS after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. During the 12 months of follow-up, CIS maintenance treatment was associated with a significant reduction of relapse. In the group of @entity1 with initial grade I @entity354 , the relapse rates after 3 months were 20% in the OMCIS group receiving CIS maintenance treatment, compared to 48% in the group healed on OM without further maintenance treatment (P = 0.04). After 6 months, these relapse rates were 31% and 85% respectively (P < 0.001), and after 12 months 40% and 96% (P < 0.001). In the group of @entity1 with initial grade II @entity354 , they were, respectively, 20% vs. 39% after 3 months (P = 0.056), 41% vs. 78% after 6 months (P < 0.001) and 52% vs. 95% after 12 months (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this open study indicate that continued treatment with @entity4392 5 mg t.d.s. (after initial healing with @entity4546 20 mg daily plus @entity4392 5 mg t.d.s.) is beneficial in the long-term management of grade I and II @entity354 : this treatment approach significantly reduces the high relapse rate observed after stopping healing treatment with @entity4546 .

title: Treatment and prevention of relapse of mild @entity354 with @entity4546 and XXXX : comparison of two strategies.

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['cisapride']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Oesophagitis', 'oesophagitis']

answer: @entity4392 :: (MESH:D020117,Chemical) :: ['cisapride']