abstract: In this study, combinations of spores of a thermophilic fungus (Talaromyces @entity4691 ), Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and microsclerotia of @entity23696 under various temperature treatment (31-38 degrees C) in triplicate trial, were investigated and results were compared with those of non-treated controls. Five @entity2708 seeds were planted in each pot containing 3 kg of pasteurized soil. In each pot, combinations of 4x10(3) VAM spores, 2.5x10(9) spores of thermophilic fungus ( @entity4691 ) and 5x10(5) microsclerotia of @entity23696 were added. Symptoms of @entity23696 wilt were observed after 45 days. Index of disease severity was measured. Results indicated that pre-heating of microsclerotia at 31 and 35 degrees C for 10 and 14 h, respectively, caused a 15% reduction in leaf infection index. Presence of VAM and thermophilic fungus ( @entity4691 ) spores caused 23 and 50% reductions in the disease development, respectively. Concurrent presence of mycorrhiza and thermophilic fungus spores caused a 10-20% reduction in disease development. These findings provide a promising approach to the control of @entity23696 wilt of @entity2708 . However, heat treatment of soil may prove difficult. Further studies in this regard are required and useful agricultural practices such as seasonal heating may be applied in the @entity2708 fields.

title: Investigation of the effect of heating, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza and thermophilic fungus on XXXX wilt disease.

entities_list: @entity23696 :: ('27337', 'Species') :: ['Verticillium', 'Verticillium dahliae', 'V. dahliae']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['cotton']


abstract: PURPOSE: High-dose bolus @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) is currently the sole agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of @entity1358 . This phase II study was designed to evaluate the clinical activity and @entity137 spectrum of a regime consisting of dose-intensive @entity1199 in both previously treated and untreated @entity1 with @entity1358 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty eligible, sequential @entity1 received @entity1199 at a dose of 24 mlU m(-2) dose(-1) (1.33 mg m(-2) dose(-1)) every 8 h on days 1-5 and 15 19, for a maximum of 28 boluses. @entity1 achieving stable disease or a response were treated every 10 weeks for a maximum of five cycles/year. RESULTS: Out of 20 study @entity1 8 @entity1 (40%; 95% confidence interval, 18.5%-61.4%) demonstrated a response. Three of these responses were complete (CR; 15%) while 5 were partial (PR; 25%) and about 75% of the responses occurred in @entity1 with extensive @entity5 burdens. All 3 CR continue to respond after 28+ to 30+ months. With a median follow-up time of 26 months, the median overall survival duration for all @entity1 is 18.0 months (95% confidence interval 12-24 months). Response was observed to correlate significantly with the @entity1199 dose intensity. A dose intensity below 1440 mlU m(-2) year(-1) and at least 1440 mlU m(-2) year(-1) correlated highly with failure to achieve CR and the successful achieving of CR respectively (P < 0.01). An analysis of the present study database in the context of five previous similar trials demonstrated a significant correlation between @entity1199 dose intensity and response rate by regression analysis (r=0.89; P < 0.019). Finally, all @entity137 were reversible once the dosing had concluded. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1199 dose intensity appears to represent a significant determinant of successful clinical outcomes. This dose-intensive approach led to a high proportion of durable responses. Further evaluation of this regimen is warranted.

title: A phase II trial of dose-intensive @entity1199 in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['advanced renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: Treatment options for @entity11809 remain limited and @entity1 are often confronted with significant morbidity and reduced life expectancy. However, significant efforts are underway to find more effective therapies for @entity1 with primary and secondary @entity1313 . As more and more clinical trials for nervous @entity5 are being conducted, it is increasingly important to optimize the conduct of clinical trials in neuro-oncology. One of the key aspects in this regard is the development of objective and standardized criteria that allow for accurate response assessment in clinical trials and prevent the misclassification of responders and non-responders. Such misclassification may lead to premature discontinuation of an actually effective agent, thereby withholding a potentially active treatment from the @entity1 . Conversely, @entity1 may be inappropriately continued on an inactive treatment. Moreover, such misclassification may confound the data obtained in such studies and may lead to false conclusions with regards to the efficacy of the investigated drug. Therefore, reliable response assessment criteria are necessary that not only accurately capture radiographic changes but also account for treatment-related changes and incorporate the assessment of clinical status and quality of life (QoL). The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) working group is an international collaboration of neuro-oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and regulatory groups (among others) commissioned to develop objective and @entity5 -specific response criteria for various @entity5 subtypes. This article reviews the currently available response criteria for high-grade @entity11 , @entity11 , and brain metastases and discusses some of the barriers to accurate assessment of treatment response in neuro-oncology.

title: Assessment of XXXX Response: RANO and Its Offspring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'system tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'low-grade glioma']

entities_list: @entity11809 :: ('MESH:D009423', 'Disease') :: ['most nervous system tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain Tumor']


abstract: @entity282 management relevant for specific surgical procedures is debated. The importance of evaluating @entity158 with consideration given to type of surgery and the @entity1 's perspective has been emphasized. In this prospective cohort study, we analysed outcome data from 607 @entity1 in the international PAIN OUT registry for assessment and comparison of @entity282 outcome within the 24 first hours after laparoscopic and open colonic surgery. @entity1 from the laparoscopic group scored minimum @entity158 at a higher level than the open group (P = 0.012). Apart from minimum @entity158 , no other significant differences in @entity1 reported outcomes were observed. Maximum @entity158 scores >3 were reported from 77% (laparoscopic) and 68% (open) @entity1 (mean >=  5 in both groups). @entity158 interference with mobilization was reported by 87-93% of @entity1 . Both groups scored high levels of @entity1 satisfaction. In the open group, a higher frequency of @entity1 received a combination of general and regional anaesthesia, which had an impact of the minimum @entity158 score. Our results from registry data indicate that surgical technique does not influence the quality of @entity282 management during the first postoperative day if adequate analgesia is given.

title: Open versus Laparoscopic Surgery: Does the Surgical Technique Influence XXXX Outcome? Results from an International Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence rate of @entity356 in western countries has shown a remarkable decline in the recent years while it is still the most common @entity5 among males in Iran. The proto-oncogene MYC, located at 8q24.1, regulates almost 15% of @entity1 genes and is activated in 20% of all @entity5 . The amplification of MYC and overexpression of its protein product are observed in 15 - 30% of @entity356 . OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to find the preferences of Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization (CISH) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in diagnosis and prognosis of @entity356 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 102 samples of @entity356 in Iran and all the @entity1 had undergone primary surgical resection at the @entity5 Institute Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The CISH and IHC techniques were applied for all our samples. All of the samples had @entity356 and were selected randomly. Also, the type of study was cross sectional. The sample size was 100 @entity1 . RESULTS: Our data revealed that both diffuse and intestinal types of @entity356 occurred significantly more in males than females. Our results showed that there was an indication of some correlation between grades and CISH, although the difference was not significant. Our data also showed that CISH positive @entity1 (43%) were more frequent compared to IHC positive @entity1 (14.7%). There was a correlation between CISH and IHC. These results revealed that there was a significant difference between grades and IHC. There was also no statistical difference between CISH amplification in diffuse and intestinal types. CONCLUSIONS: From the results, it could be concluded that for administration of the treatment of @entity5 , and progress and prognosis of @entity5 , which is important for @entity1 and clinicians, the CISH is a better and more feasible test than IHC, in regards to sensitivity and specificity.

title: Association Between Amplification and Expression of C-MYC Gene and Clinicopathological Characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stomach cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric neoplasias', 'adenocarcinoma gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stomach Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present work was to characterize neurons in the @entity62 , and to investigate their distribution in @entity3877 . Immunohistochemistry and quantification of neurons were performed on surgically resected tissue sections of @entity1 with therapy-resistant @entity1315 . Temporal lobe tissues of @entity1 with @entity5 but without @entity302 and that from autopsy were used as controls. Neurons were identified with immunohistochemistry using antibodies against @entity10946 , @entity460 -binding proteins, transcription factor @entity26443 and neurofilaments. We found significantly higher density of neurons in the @entity62 of @entity1 with @entity1315 than in that of controls. Based on their morphology and neurochemical content, both excitatory and inhibitory cells were present among these neurons. A subset of neurons in the white matter that were @entity26443 -immunoreactive coexpressed @entity10946 and neurofilament. No colocalization of @entity26443 was observed with the inhibitory neuronal markers, @entity460 -binding proteins. We suggest that a large population of @entity62 comprises remnants of the subplate. Furthermore, we propose that a subset of @entity62 was arrested during migration, highlighting the role of cortical maldevelopment in @entity302 associated with @entity3877 .

title: Characterization of neurons in the cortical white matter in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3877 :: ('MESH:C566903', 'Disease') :: ['mesial temporal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['archi- and neocortical white matter', 'white matter neurons']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: The nose is the most common site for cutaneous @entity5 , and metastatic lesions in the skin of the nose are very rare, particularly metastasis of @entity2622 . We present the fourth @entity1 with @entity2622 who had cutaneous metastasis to the nose, indicating the dissemination of her @entity189 . The @entity1 had a diagnosis of @entity2622 labeled as International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIB 30 months ago. She was treated with pelvic chemoradiotherapy. Multiple metastases in both of the lungs were detected by computed tomography of the thorax 1 month ago. In addition, a week later, a lesion on her nose started to appear. With an external nasal incision, the mass was excised with @entity5 -free borders including a skin island. Unfortunately, the @entity1 died on the eighth postoperative day. This @entity1 showed a very poor prognosis after the appearance of a cutaneous metastasis of the @entity2622 , which is often perceived as a preterminal event, generally occurring in the later stages of the illness. The treatment of these conditions is palliative and should ameliorate the mood of the @entity1 .

title: Metastasis of XXXX to the nasal dorsum.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix', 'cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: We report the results of physician follow-up of a group of community @entity165 -screening @entity1 with @entity1007 two years after the initial screening. Of 443 @entity1 in a 1987 screening program, 51 (12%) had a @entity165 greater than the program cutoff of 7.16 mmol/L (277 mg/dL). In 1989, follow-up data from office records review and @entity1 questionnaires were available on 48 (94%) of the 51 @entity1 . Forty-three @entity1 (90%) had consulted with a physician as advised. Twenty-five @entity1 (66%) of the charts reviewed) had lipid profiles performed subsequent to the 1987 screening. Of the 43 @entity1 consulting their physicians, twenty-six (60%) were prescribed a lipid-lowering regimen. Twenty-two were prescribed diet alone, fourteen also received prescriptions for medication, and two were advised to exercise more. Thirty subjects had had @entity165 levels checked in 1989, two years after the screening program. This group experienced an average decrease of 1.32 mmol/L (51 mg/dL), but several confounding factors may have contributed to this 16%-mean decline in @entity165 . @entity1 were underrepresented throughout the screening and follow-up process. This community @entity165 -screening project in a small rural community achieved a high physician follow-up rate.

title: Physician follow-up of a community XXXX -screening project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of an anaphylactoid reaction to injectable @entity3285 in a @entity1 with no prior history of @entity566 or risk factors associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced @entity56 reactions. CASE SUMMARY: A 37-year-old @entity1 without a significant medical history presented to an emergency department with vague, dull, left-sided @entity662 . @entity583 was ruled out based on an unremarkable electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, and laboratory data that were within normal limits. Sublingual @entity1242 0.4 mg, @entity1760 / @entity13923 gel 30 mL, and intravenous @entity5616 50 mg were administered without resolution of symptoms. Ketorolac @entity8973 60 mg was administered intramuscularly with resolution of symptoms. The @entity1 was discharged; however, within 30 minutes, he returned to the emergency department with @entity4 , @entity1353 , and chest tightness. Multiple doses of aerosolized @entity3045 and intravenous @entity1667 and @entity3933 were administered, resulting in a slight improvement of symptoms. The @entity1 was admitted for a complete cardiac evaluation that proved negative. The allergic symptoms resolved and the @entity1 was discharged without medication after a three-day hospitalization. DISCUSSION: Ketorolac @entity8973 is the first injectable nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug approved for short-term @entity158 management. A review of the literature revealed no similar cases of anaphylactoid reaction. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals must be aware of the potential risks of anaphylactoid reactions, especially in light of the increased use of injectable @entity6058 in the ambulatory setting and availability of the oral formulation.

title: Anaphylactoid reaction following ketorolac XXXX administration.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity13923 :: ('MESH:D000536', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial swelling']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity8973 :: ('MESH:D014325', 'Chemical') :: ['tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity3285 :: ('MESH:D020911', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity8973 :: (MESH:D014325,Chemical) :: ['tromethamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is limited published information on the prevalence of @entity1 @entity3993 in @entity739 . The aim of this pilot study was to estimate the prevalence of Taenia solium @entity3993 antigens in residents of three villages in Burkina Faso. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Three villages were selected: The village of Batondo, selected to represent villages where @entity1707 are allowed to roam freely; the village of Pabr  , selected to represent villages where @entity1707 are usually confined; and the village of Nyonyogo, selected because of a high proportion of Muslims and limited @entity1707 farming. Clustered random sampling was used to select the @entity1 . All @entity1 were asked to answer an interview questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics and to provide a blood sample. The sera were analysed using an AgELISA. The prevalence of "strong" seropositive results to the presence of antigens of the larval stages of @entity8785 was estimated as 10.3% (95%CI: 7.1%-14.3%), 1.4% (0.4%-3.5%) and 0.0% (0.0%-2.1%) in the 763 @entity1 who provided a blood sample in Batondo, Pabr   and Nyonyogo, respectively. The prevalence of "weak" seropositive test results to the presence of antigens of the larval stages of @entity8785 was 1.3% (0.3%-3.2%), 0.3% (0.0%-1.9%) and 4.5% (2.0%-8.8%) in Batondo, Pabr   and Nyonyogo, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression, which included only Batondo and Pabr  , showed that village, gender, and pork consumption history were associated with AgELISA seroprevalence. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study illustrates two major points: 1) there can be large variation in the prevalence of @entity1 seropositivity to the presence of the larval stages of @entity8785 @entity3993 among rural areas of the same country, and 2) the serological level of the antigen, not just whether it is positive or negative, must be considered when assessing prevalence of human @entity3993 antigens.

title: Seroprevalence to the antigens of XXXX @entity3993 among residents of three villages in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3993 :: ('MESH:D003551', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West Africa']

answer: @entity8785 :: (6204,Species) :: ['Taenia solium']


abstract: PURPOSE To assess efficacy and safety of single-agent @entity1749 in previously untreated @entity1 with @entity1582 , investigate prevalence of baseline and treatment-emergent @entity305 , and identify molecular markers associated with response and @entity16 . @entity1 AND METHODS @entity1 received @entity1749 1.3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, for up to eight 21-day cycles. A subset of @entity1 underwent neurophysiologic evaluation pre- and post-treatment. Bone marrow aspirates were performed at baseline for exploratory whole-genome analyses. Results Among 64 @entity1 , 41% had partial response or better, including 9% complete/near-complete responses; median duration of response was 8.4 months. Response rates did not differ in the presence or absence of adverse cytogenetics. After median follow-up of 29 months, median time to progression was 17.3 months. Median overall survival had not been reached; estimated 1-year survival was 92%. Thirty-two @entity1 successfully underwent optional stem-cell transplantation. @entity1749 treatment was generally well tolerated. At baseline, 20% of @entity1 had @entity305 . @entity305 developed during treatment in 64% of @entity1 (grade 3 in 3%), but proved manageable and resolved in 85% within a median of 98 days. Neurologic examination, neurophysiologic testing, and measurements of epidermal nerve fiber densities in 35 @entity1 confirmed @entity16 in 20% and new or worsening @entity16 in 63%. Pharmacogenomic analyses identified molecular markers of response and @entity16 , which will require future study. CONCLUSION Single-agent @entity1749 is effective in previously untreated @entity1582 . Baseline @entity1582 -associated @entity16 seems more common than previously reported, and @entity1749 -associated @entity16 , although a common @entity137 , is reversible in most @entity1 .

title: Single-agent @entity1749 in previously untreated XXXX : efficacy, characterization of peripheral neuropathy, and molecular correlations with response and @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['treatment-emergent neuropathy', 'pretreatment sensory neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'Sensory polyneuropathy', 'sensory polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of the diagnosis, recurrence rate, and fate after the first recurrence in adult @entity1 with an untreated idiopathic first @entity410 . DESIGN: Hospital based follow up study. SETTING: One university hospital and three general hospitals in The Netherlands. @entity1 : 165 @entity1 aged 15 years or more with a clinically presumed idiopathic @entity410 ; diagnosis was based on a description of the episode according to prespecified diagnostic criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of additional investigations and follow up regarding the accuracy of the diagnosis; first recurrence; and response to treatment after the first recurrence. RESULTS: Computed tomography showed @entity854 in 5.5% of the @entity1 and follow up led to doubts about the initial clinical diagnosis in another 6%. Cumulative risk of recurrence was 40% at two years. The cumulative risk of recurrence at two years was 81% (95% confidence interval 66% to 97%) in @entity1 with @entity302 discharges on a standard or partial sleep deprivation electroencephalogram, 39% (27% to 51%) in @entity1 with other @entity854 , and 12% (3% to 21%) in @entity1 with normal electroencephalograms. Treatment was initiated in most @entity1 who had one or more recurrences; 40 (70%) @entity1 were completely controlled, eight (14%) had @entity410 , and nine (16%) did not become free of @entity410 within one year despite treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The decision to initiate or delay treatment should be based on electroencephalographic findings.

title: Idiopathic first XXXX in adult life: who should be treated?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['major abnormalities', 'electroencephalographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'sporadic seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: A 56-year-old male was admitted to the Nihon University Hospital because of general fatigue and @entity417 on September 21st, 1985. He had mild hepato- @entity381 . Hematological findings showed RBC 286 x 10(4)/microliters, Hb 6.0/dl, reticulocyte count 2.5%, platelet count 9.3 x 10(4)/microliters and WBC 2,400/microliters. An erythroblast per 100 leukocytes counted in a blood film was found. Bone marrow was @entity1373 with megaloblasts. The erythroblasts were PAS positive but not ringed sideroblasts. Other laboratory data including hemolysis were all negative. This case seemed to be diagnosed as @entity417 ( @entity417 ) according to the FAB classification. Chromosomal analysis of marrow cells, however, all revealed 46, XY, 20q- at diagnosis and 46, XY, 7q- 20q- after 22 months. Furthermore, Hb electrophoresis ahd family study indicated the presence of acquired @entity66 . Neither erythroid bursts (BFU-e) nor late erythroid progenitors (CFU-e) were detected. He has had progressive @entity417 without proliferation of blasts for over 2 years. From these findings, we postulate that the entity of @entity4406 should be distinguished from @entity417 including many @entity66 .

title: [An @entity4406 with acquired XXXX and chromosomal abnormality].

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anemia', 'refractory anemia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous diseases', 'HbH disease']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['erythroid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity4406 :: ('MESH:D011087', 'Disease') :: ['erythremia']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['HbH disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity850 is one of the most frequent local complications in @entity30 ( @entity30 ). Surgery is not the ideal treatment because of the high rate of postoperative recurrence. @entity384 ( @entity384 ) currently is the current treatment of choice for short strictures amenable to the procedure. However, it is not applicable or effective in all the cases, and it is not without related complications. Our goal was to summarize the published information regarding the use and the role of the stents in the treatment of @entity30 stricture. A Medline search was performed on the terms "stricture," " @entity850 ," "stent" and " @entity30 ." RESULTS: a total of 19 publications met our search criteria for an overall number of 65 @entity1 . Placing a self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) may be a safe and effective alternative to @entity384 and/or surgical intervention in the treatment of @entity850 in @entity1 with @entity30 . Indications are the same as those for @entity384 . In addition, SEMS may be useful in @entity850 refractory to @entity384 and may be suitable in the treatment of longer or more complex strictures that cannot be treated by @entity384 . With the current information, it seems that the best treatment option is the placement of a fully covered stent for a mean time of 4 weeks. Regarding the use of biodegradable stents, the information is limited and showing poor results. CONCLUSIONS: the use of stents in the treatment of strictures in @entity30 should be taken into account either as a first endoscopic therapy or in case of @entity384 failure.

title: The role of stents in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['EBD', 'Endoscopic balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis', 'short stenosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease strictures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Awareness of @entity299 as the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 has increased over the past 10 years, but little is known about the awareness level of college students. This study evaluated the level of awareness and knowledge of @entity299 in @entity1 among college students. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a cross-sectional design, a sample of 320 @entity1 from a private university was queried. A 13-item survey assessed demographic information and awareness of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). The mean age was 23 years; the majority were single and of Hispanic ethnicity. Almost one third believed @entity0 was the greatest problem facing @entity1 . One half recognized @entity65 as the leading cause of @entity204 among @entity1 . Students aged 18-24 years were significantly less likely to identify @entity299 as the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 compared with students aged 25-34 years. Significant ethnic differences in perceptions of risk were found. Family history and @entity28 were seen as major contributors to @entity65 ; less than a fourth ever discussed @entity65 with their healthcare provider. Information was gained primarily from television, magazines, and the Internet. Exercise and maintenance of healthy blood pressure were viewed as priorities in prevention of @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: Results add to the body of research on @entity65 risk and the need for intervention to increase awareness and knowledge of @entity299 risk among younger and ethnically diverse young @entity1 and raises questions about the role of colleges and universities in promotion of student health. Colleges and universities may provide the last opportunity to reach youth as a group to affect lifestyle changes.

title: Awareness of XXXX among female college students.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease/heart attack', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: The cases of 110 @entity1 less than 1 year of age, who had surgical repair for @entity1498 of the aorta between June 1974 and February 1988, were analysed. Three groups of @entity1 were identified. In group 1 there were 39 @entity1 with @entity1498 . In group 2 there were 25 @entity1 with additional @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ), while in group 3 there were 46 @entity1 with other associated @entity299 . Repair was performed using the subclavian flap aortoplasty (SFA) procedure in 83 @entity1 , resection with end-to-end @entity254 (EEA) in 23, patch aortoplasty in 3 and Goretex tube bypass in 1. Twenty-eight @entity1 had simultaneous pulmonary artery banding and one concomitant closure of the @entity1757 . The overall early mortality rate was 8.2% (5.1% in group 1, 0% in group 2, and 15.2% in group 3). Age at operation (under 1 month, p = 0.04) and other associated @entity299 (p = 0.03) increased early mortality significantly. There were 11 late deaths (10.8%) among 101 @entity1 followed from 1 to 15 years (mean 5.3 years). Twelve @entity1 underwent further surgery for recoarctation, eight of them within 11 months. A further 11 @entity1 currently have a Doppler gradient across their @entity1498 site of more than 20 mmHg, but have not undergone further surgery to the @entity1498 repair site.

title: The early and long-term results of surgery for XXXX of the aorta in the 1st year of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['isolated coarctation', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac defects', 'cardiac anomalies']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['coarctation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the benefit of using combined genetic risk score (GRS) of known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (WHR) in the prediction of @entity353 and @entity353 after @entity28 surgery. METHODS: A total of 163 consecutive morbidly obese individuals undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in a single bariatric center in Finland were recruited. Fasting blood samples were drawn after 12 h of fasting before and 1 year after bariatric operation. Data for @entity353 and medication were collected with a questionnaire after 3.1    2.7 years (mean    SD) follow-up. @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) was diagnosed with liver histology. Twenty BMI- and 13 WHR-related SNPs were genotyped. Linear regression was used to identify factors predicting @entity353 and @entity353 . RESULTS: Lower baseline BMI predicted greater decline in BMI (p = 0.0005) and excess @entity353 (EWL) (p = 0.009). In the multiple linear regression analysis age and BMI, explained the variance of EWL during the first year while GRS, sex, fasting plasma @entity413 , serum insulin and @entity1561 diagnosis did not have any effect. None of the baseline clinical variables explained BMI regain. The combined GRS did not associate with weight or BMI at baseline, with 1-year changes or with @entity353 between 1 year and an average of 3.1 years follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we found that the genotype risk score does not predict @entity353 after @entity28 surgery while lower baseline BMI predicted the greater @entity353 .

title: Genetic risk score does not predict the outcome of XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight regain', 'weight loss']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Detection of an intracardiac shunt is frequently sought during the evaluation of @entity1 with cryptogenic @entity63 @entity64 and agitated saline intravenous injection, or "bubble study" ( @entity12752 ), is performed in most cases. We present the first attempt to identify the clinical features in @entity1 who had cerebral @entity63 events with @entity12752 . METHODS: Using a list serve established by the American Academy of Neurology, a member posted a question regarding the safety of @entity12752 in @entity1 with @entity4616 . A standardized questionnaire was used to gather data about @entity1 with cerebral @entity63 events, details of each case were reviewed, and the findings pooled. RESULTS: Five @entity1 with @entity63 complications of @entity12752 (all female, aged 42 to 90 years) were identified from 4 institutions, 3 @entity63 strokes and 2 transient @entity63 attacks. Events occurred either during or within 5 minutes of @entity12752 . Early brain MRIs confirmed acute @entity1188 in 3, including one who had transient symptoms. MRI @entity1188 volumes were small, and deficits were mild in those who developed @entity64 . Diagnostic evaluation revealed a @entity4616 alone in one case, a @entity2702 in one case, and a @entity4616 and/or pulmonary shunt in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity63 can occur in @entity1 who undergo @entity12752 and are associated with the presence of cardiac or pulmonary shunts. The true incidence and @entity717 remains unknown, and further study is indicated to assess the impact of technical differences in @entity12752 methodology. Novel methods to promote physician communication such as the use of electronic list serves may reduce barriers to reporting of drug, technique, or device complications and should be explored to identify rare complications that otherwise will likely go unappreciated.

title: Cerebral XXXX events associated with 'bubble study' for identification of right to left shunts.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic cerebrovascular complications', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2702 :: ('MESH:C562404', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['degree of disability']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Previous neuroimmunological studies focused mostly on @entity308 , regardless of its diagnostic category. In this paper, the studies on the immunological system in @entity1 with bipolar affective illness, including @entity162 , have been presented. Research possibilities of neuroimmunology of affective disorders using molecular-genetic methods have also been shown. The studies on the neuroimmunology of @entity308 have always been connected with studies on changes in the immunological system related to stress situations. Disturbances of the immunological system regulation have features of either decrease or pathological increase of the immunological system, with increased activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( @entity26140 , interferon). Some pathogenic role for the disturbances of immunological system in @entity308 is also played by @entity1800 (herpes, Borna viruses). The changes of the immunological system in @entity162 are mostly similar to those observed during @entity308 . An increase of activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines, connected with the lymphocyte @entity1198 system is especially evident. Like in @entity308 , the role of @entity1800 has been pointed out (herpes, Borna, @entity8344 ). The oldest mood-stabilizing drug, @entity1091 , has been shown to have strong action against herpes viruses. Molecular-genetic studies point to an association of some genes of the immunological system with both @entity162 and @entity161 . An association of some genes with a predisposition to @entity308 and efficacy of antidepressant drugs has also been shown.

title: [Neuroimmunology of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'manic episode', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar affective disorder']


abstract: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a limited angle computed tomography technique that can distinguish @entity5 from its overlying breast tissues and has potentials for @entity5 at a smaller size and earlier stage. Current prototype DBT scanners are based on the regular full-field digital mammography systems and require partial isocentric motion of an x-ray tube over certain angular range to record the projection views. This prolongs the scanning time and, in turn, degrades the imaging quality due to motion blur. To mitigate the above limitations, the concept of a stationary DBT (s-DBT) scanner has been recently proposed based on the newly developed @entity2414 distributed multibeam field emission x-ray (MBFEX) source technique using the @entity505 nanotube. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the performance of the 25-beam MBFEX source array that has been designed and fabricated for the s-DBT system. The s-DBT system records all the projection images by electronically activating the multiple x-ray beams from different viewing angles without any mechanical motion. The configuration of the MBFEX source is close to the published values from the Siemens Mammomat system. The key issues including the x-ray flux, focal spot size, spatial resolution, scanning time, beam-to-beam consistency, and reliability are evaluated using the standard procedures. In this article, the authors describe the design and performance of a distributed x-ray source array specifically designed for the s-DBT system. They evaluate the emission current, current variation, lifetime, and focal spot sizes of the source array. An emission current of up to 18 mA was obtained at 0.5 x 0.3 mm effective focal spot size. The experimentally measured focal spot sizes are comparable to that of a typical commercial mammography tube without motion blurring. Trade-off between the system spatial resolution, x-ray flux, and scanning time are also discussed. Projection images of a breast phantom were collected using the x-ray source array from 25 different viewing angles without motion. These preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed s- @entity20207 scanner. The technology has the potential to increase the resolution and reduce the imaging time for DBT. With the present design of 25 views, they demonstrated experimentally the feasibility of achieving 11 s scanning time at full detector resolution with 0.5 x 0.3 mm source resolution without motion blur. The flexibility in configuration of the x-ray source array will also allow system designers to consider imaging geometries that are difficult to achieve with the conventional single-source rotating approach.

title: Design and characterization of a XXXX distributed multibeam field emission x-ray source for stationary digital breast tomosynthesis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['detection of cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['spatially']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['spatially']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the activity and @entity137 of the combination of @entity900 and @entity1206 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity189 that has not been previously treated with chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with a median age of 65 years (range 43-79) with recurrent @entity189 were enrolled in the study. Nine @entity1 had local recurrent disease (perineum, @entity8376 ), whereas 7 had disease in the groin; 9 @entity1 had received prior radiotherapy. @entity900 was administered intravenously on day 1 and @entity1206 was given on day 1 immediately after @entity900 and on day 8. RESULTS: A total of 68 cycles of chemotherapy were administered. Fifteen @entity1 were assessed for response. Objective responses were recorded in 6 @entity1 (40%) - with 4 @entity1 (27%) achieving a complete response and 2 (13%) achieving a partial response -, whereas 4 @entity1 (27%) had stable disease and 5 had progressive disease. The median progression-free survival was 10 months (range 3-17), whereas the overall survival from the beginning of the chemotherapy was 19 months (range 1-30). Due to the small number of @entity1 , no significant correlation with site of recurrence could be found. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity900 and @entity1206 is a well-tolerated and active regimen in the treatment of @entity1 with recurrent @entity189 .

title: @entity900 and XXXX chemotherapy in recurrent @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['vagina and/or vulva']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: The influence of free and @entity5347 ( @entity5348 ) copolymer-bound @entity632 (ADR) on the induction of multidrug resistance in the A2780 @entity1 @entity43 cell line was studied in vitro. It was found that chronic exposure to free ADR led to an increase in resistance to ADR and @entity1311 and overexpression of the @entity1262 gene. No significant changes in the expression of the @entity11092 gene were found during adaptation to free ADR. In addition to @entity1262 gene-encoded multidrug resistance, a significant increase in the resistance against ADR was found before the overexpression of the @entity1262 gene was measurable. This non- @entity1262 resistance does not appear to be connected with @entity11092 gene-encoded resistance. During adaptation to free ADR, changes in cellular metabolism such as increased rate of @entity413 uptake, oxidation and glycolysis were detected. Adapted sensitive A2780 cells expressed the @entity1262 gene and possessed almost the same decreased sensitivity toward ADR as the ADR-resistant @entity1 @entity43 A2780/AD cells. However, they significantly differed in proliferation rate, cellular metabolism and @entity11092 gene expression. On the contrary, multidrug resistance was not induced after repeated exposure of sensitive A2780 cells to @entity5348 copolymer-bound @entity632 . The cells did not express the @entity1262 gene, the expression of the @entity11092 gene was partially inhibited, and the resistance against Taxol was decreased. Differences were also observed in metabolic changes. In summary, the data indicate that, contrary to free ADR, @entity5348 copolymer-bound ADR does not induce multidrug resistance in A2780 cell culture after repeated exposure.

title: Chronic exposure to XXXX copolymer-bound @entity632 does not induce multidrug resistance in a @entity1 @entity43 cell line.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5347 :: ('MESH:C032976', 'Chemical') :: ['N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5348 :: (MESH:C032802,Chemical) :: ['HPMA']


abstract: Using bioinformatic methods we have detected the genes of 40 @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) (beta-keratins) from the first available draft genome sequence of a reptile, the lizard @entity16514 (Broad Institute, Boston). All genes are clustered in a single but not yet identified chromosomal locus, and contain a single intron of variable length. 5'-RACE and RT-PCR analyses using RNA from different epidermal regions show tissue-specific expression of different transcripts. These results were confirmed from the analysis of the A. carolinensis EST libraries (Broad Institute). Most deduced proteins are 12-16 kDa with a pI of 7.5-8.5. Two genes encoding putative proteins of 40 and 45 kDa are also present. Despite variability in @entity535 sequences, four main subfamilies can be described. The largest subfamily includes proteins high in @entity2228 , a small subfamily contains proteins high in @entity462 , a third large subfamily contains proteins high in @entity462 and @entity2228 , and the fourth, smallest subfamily comprises proteins low in @entity462 and @entity2228 . An inner region of high @entity535 identity is the most constant characteristic of these proteins and maps to a region with two to three close beta-folds in the proteins. This beta-fold region is responsible for the formation of filaments of the corneous material in all types of scales in this species. Phylogenetic analysis shows that A. carolinensis @entity1131 are more similar to those of other lepidosaurians (snake, lizard, and gecko lizard) than to those of archosaurians ( @entity1573 and crocodile) and turtles.

title: Forty @entity1131 (beta-keratins) form the hard layers of scales, claws, and adhesive pads in the @entity16514 lizard, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity16514 :: ('28377', 'Species') :: ['Anolis carolinensis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['KAbetaPs', 'keratin-associated beta-proteins']

answer: @entity16514 :: (28377,Species) :: ['Anolis carolinensis']


abstract: Importance: Frequent mutations have been described in the following 5 genes in @entity2184 ( @entity2184 ): @entity10162 , @entity8500 , @entity10159 , @entity10158 , and @entity19982 . Understanding the prognostic significance of these mutations could facilitate their use in precision medicine. Objective: To determine the associations between driver mutations, gene expression profile (GEP) classification, clinicopathologic features, and @entity1 outcomes in @entity2184 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity2184 treated by enucleation by a single ocular oncologist between November 1, 1998, and July 31, 2014. Main Outcomes and Measures: Clinicopathologic features, @entity1 outcomes, GEP classification (class 1 or class 2), and mutation status were recorded. Results: The study cohort comprised 81 @entity1 . Their mean age was 61.5 years, and 37% (30 of 81) were female. The GEP classification was class 1 in 35 of 81 (43%), class 2 in 42 of 81 (52%), and unknown in 4 of 81 (5%). @entity10162 mutations were identified in 29 of 64 (45%), @entity10158 mutations in 36 of 81 (44%), @entity10159 mutations in 36 of 81 (44%), @entity19982 mutations in 19 of 81 (24%), and @entity8500 mutations in 14 of 81 (17%). Sixteen of the mutations in @entity10162 and 6 of the mutations in @entity8500 were previously unreported in @entity2184 . @entity10158 and @entity10159 mutations were mutually exclusive. @entity10162 , @entity19982 , and @entity8500 mutations were almost mutually exclusive with each other. Using multiple regression analysis, @entity10162 mutations were associated with class 2 GEP and older @entity1 . @entity8500 mutations were associated with class 1 GEP and the absence of ciliary body involvement. @entity19982 mutations were associated with younger @entity1 age. @entity10158 mutations were associated with the absence of ciliary body involvement and greater largest basal diameter. @entity10159 mutations were not associated with any of the analyzed features. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling, class 2 GEP was the prognostic factor most strongly associated with @entity3 (relative risk, 9.4; 95% CI, 3.1-28.5) and @entity320 -specific mortality (relative risk, 15.7; 95% CI, 3.6-69.1) (P   <   .001 for both). After excluding GEP class, the presence of @entity10162 mutations was the factor most strongly associated with @entity3 (relative risk, 10.6; 95% CI, 3.4-33.5) and @entity320 -specific mortality (relative risk, 9.0; 95% CI, 2.8-29.2) (P   <   .001 for both). Conclusions and Relevance: @entity10162 , @entity19982 , and @entity8500 mutations occur during @entity2184 @entity5 progression in an almost mutually exclusive manner and are associated with different levels of metastatic risk. These mutations may have value as prognostic markers in @entity2184 .

title: Driver Mutations in Uveal XXXX : Associations With Gene Expression Profile and @entity1 Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['UM', 'uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9370 ( @entity9370 ) is highly expressed in many @entity1 @entity5 and regulates critical steps in mitotic progression. Previously, we have reported that @entity9370 was overexpressed in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. By using microRNA (miR) target prediction algorithms, we identified @entity26719 that might potentially bind the 3'-untranslated region of @entity9370 transcripts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of @entity26719 and its association with @entity9370 in @entity1149 development. METHODS: Taqman real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay was performed to detect @entity26719 expression 10 @entity1149 tissues and corresponding nontumor tissues. Additionally, the expression of @entity26719 in 110 @entity1149 tissues and its correlation with clinicopathological factors or prognosis of @entity1 was analyzed. Finally, the effects of @entity26719 expression on growth, apoptosis and cell cycle of @entity1149 cells by posttranscriptionally regulating @entity9370 expression were determined. RESULTS: @entity26719 was significantly downregulated in @entity1149 tissues, and low @entity26719 expression was found to be closely correlated with higher clinical stage, advanced @entity5 classification and lymph node @entity3 of @entity1 . The overall survival of @entity1149 @entity1 with low @entity26719 was significantly lower than that of those @entity1 with high @entity26719 , and univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that low @entity26719 expression might be a poor prognostic factor. Also, @entity26719 mimics could lead to growth inhibition, G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis enhancement in @entity1149 cells. Meanwhile, @entity26719 mimics could significantly inhibit @entity9370 mRNA and protein expression and reduce the luciferase activity of a @entity9370 3' untranslated region-based reporter construct in A549 cells. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated @entity9370 downregulation could mimic the effects of @entity26719 mimics while @entity9370 overexpression could partially rescue the phenotypical changes of @entity1149 cells induced by @entity26719 mimics. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that low @entity26719 may be a poor prognostic factor for @entity1149 @entity1 and functions as a @entity5 suppressor by posttranscriptionally regulating @entity9370 expression.

title: MicroRNA-100 is a potential molecular marker of @entity1149 and functions as a XXXX suppressor by targeting @entity9370 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 with bulky (designated as > 3 cm largest diameter) FIGO stage Ib or IIa @entity5 were treated with @entity900 (100 mg/m2 on day 1) and @entity1487 (1000 mg/m2 continuously on days 1-5) administered intravenously at 21-day intervals for a total of two or three courses before planned radical hysterectomy. A complete clinical response was noted in four @entity1 and a partial response in ten @entity1 , which represents a 93% overall response rate. One @entity1 had stable disease (two courses of chemotherapy), and none had progressive disease. Median @entity5 volume was 78.5 cm3 and 2.5 cm3 at diagnosis and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, respectively (p < 0.001). This indicates that chemotherapy resulted in a 97% median reduction of @entity5 volume. Median overall and disease-free survival was not reached, and the actuarial five-year survival rate was 73% and 67%, respectively. There was no grade 4 @entity137 . Myelosuppression was acceptable; however, two @entity1 experienced significant @entity2167 , and in two patients serum @entity1011 increased. All @entity1 with major @entity137 received two cycles of chemotherapy only. The improved local control and survival in our series are in accordance with other results reported, but need to be confirmed in a randomized prospective trial.

title: Long-term follow-up of neoadjuvant @entity900 and XXXX chemotherapy in bulky squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'squamous cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: Climate is defined as the combination of climate and air elements of a given region which is usually measured for a period of decades. De-marton climate classification has been established based on many factors, including elements such as temperature and rainfall. @entity2040 is a @entity4801 caused by @entity4114 . This parasite lives in the blood vessels of the bladder. The parasite can cause @entity811 in @entity1 and if not treated properly can lead to @entity189 . The parasite is distributed only in certain parts of the province and it is highly dispersed along the rivers of Dez, Karkheh and Karun with high emissions. In 1970, the prevalence of @entity281 in infected foci was 23.8  %. Campaign against the parasite began in 1958 but it did not encompass all centers of @entity281 . Preventive measures include diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 , public health promotion, health education, drying swamps and ponds, improving the environment, cementing the irrigation canals, and the use of moluscocide eventually leads to changing the ecological and conditions of parasite and snail inhabits. Application of preventive measures resulted in the reduction of @entity281 level to 0.7  % in 1979. By continuing struggle and intensifying preventive measures and changing ecological and climatic environment, in 2008, the examination of 3400 urine samples of students in Andimeshk district revealed no cases of the @entity4530 . It is concluded that @entity4114 and @entity4530 is eliminated from Khuzestan province southwest Iran, but the disease is still prevalent in neighboring Iran's western border country (Iraq) and due to the special conditions of its facilities and the traffic between the two countries, it is necessary to control and eradicate the disease in Iraq by using the experiences of Iran in eliminating the disease.

title: The role of climate on prevalence or eradication of XXXX in Khuzestan Province of Iran.

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['vesical schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vesicale carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium', 'S. haematobium']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicle schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity4530 :: (MESH:D001768,Disease) :: ['vesical schistosomiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For almost 30 years, transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) has been the mainstay treatment for large @entity75 . With the advent of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), flexible endoscopy has aimed at en bloc R0 resection of superficial lesions of the digestive tract. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the safety and effectiveness of ESD and full-thickness rectal wall excision by TEM in the treatment of large nonpedunculated @entity75 preoperatively assessed as noninvasive. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature published between 1984 and 2010 was conducted (Registration no. CRD42012001882). Data were integrated with those from the original databases requested from the study authors when needed. Pooled estimates of the proportions of @entity1 with en bloc R0 resection, complications, recurrence, and need for further treatment in the ESD and TEM series were compared using random-effects single-arm meta-analysis. RESULTS: This review included 11 ESD and 10 TEM series (2,077 @entity1 ). The en bloc resection rate was 87.8 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 84.3-90.6) for the ESD @entity1 versus 98.7 % (95 % CI 97.4-99.3 %) for the TEM @entity1 (P < 0.001). The R0 resection rate was 74.6 % (95 % CI 70.4-78.4 %) for the ESD @entity1 versus 88.5 % (95 % CI 85.9-90.6 %) for the TEM @entity1 (P < 0.001). The @entity260 rate was 8.0 % (95 %, CI 5.4-11.8 %) for the ESD @entity1 versus 8.4 % (95 % CI 5.2-13.4 %) for the TEM @entity1 (P = 0.874). The recurrence rate was 2.6 % (95 % CI 1.3-5.2 %) for the ESD @entity1 versus 5.2 % (95 % CI 4.0-6.9 %) for the TEM @entity1 (P < 0.001). Nevertheless, the rate for the overall need of further abdominal treatment, defined as any type of surgery performed through an abdominal access, including both complications and pathology indications, was 8.4 % (95 % CI 4.9-13.9 %) for the ESD @entity1 versus 1.8 % (95 % CI 0.8-3.7 %) for the TEM @entity1 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The ESD procedure appears to be a safe technique, but TEM achieves a higher R0 resection rate when performed in full-thickness fashion, significantly reducing the need for further abdominal treatment.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic submucosal dissection versus transanal endoscopic microsurgery for large noninvasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['rectal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['rectal lesions']


abstract: @entity99 causes massive @entity409 . Fibronectin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is prominently expressed during adult tissue repair. However, the extent of fibronectin dependence on hepatocyte response to acute @entity409 remains to be defined. Because identification of hepatic survival factors is critical for successful therapeutic intervention in @entity1578 , this relationship has been investigated using a fibronectin-deficient @entity19 model of @entity99 . Here, we show that lack of fibronectin induces significantly increased hepatocyte apoptosis, which is accompanied by significant down-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein, @entity26667 ( @entity26667 ). Furthermore, fibronectin deficiency leads to a significantly elevated production of hepatocyte growth factor in hepatic stellate cells postinjury, which, in turn, results in an earlier onset and acceleration of hepatocyte regeneration. Primary hepatocytes on fibronectin are protected from reactive @entity26 species-induced cellular damage, retaining the expression of @entity26667 , whereas those on type I collagen are not. This retained expression of @entity26667 is inhibited by the @entity3115 ( @entity3115 ) inhibitor @entity2306 . CONCLUSION: We provide evidence that fibronectin-mediated matrix survival signals for hepatocytes are transduced through the @entity3115 / @entity26667 -signaling axis in response to injury. This work defines fibronectin as a novel antiapoptotic factor for hepatocytes after @entity99 , but demonstrates that fibronectin is not essential for subsequent hepatocyte proliferation.

title: Fibronectin is essential for survival but is dispensable for proliferation of hepatocytes in XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity3115 :: ('18708(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PI3K', 'phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocyte apoptosis and/or fatal liver damage', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Acute liver injury', 'acute liver injury']

entities_list: @entity26667 :: ('12048(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Bcl-xL', 'B-cell lymphoma-extra large']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['acute liver injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity15740 represents @entity74 in the fetus development presented prenatally of postnatally, this deserving special attention due to a risk of additional anomalies in @entity1 with this disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and type of common anomalies of the urinary system in the prenatal diagnosis of @entity15740 , and point out the necessity of postnatal diagnostic procedures in order to evaluate the state of the urinary system. METHODS: This retrospective-prospective study encompassed 38 cases of prenatally diagnosed unilateral fetal @entity15740 , presented to the Council for Fetal Anomalies from the Institute for Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Clinical Centre of Serbia and the University @entity1 's Clinic within a three-year period. @entity154 were revealed by autopsy findings when pregnancy was terminated, ie resumed with clinical and operative findings of born @entity1 . RESULTS: In every case of terminated pregnancy and @entity204 after birth the autopsy revealed @entity8 which were not prenataly detected. Postnatal evaluation of survived @entity1 with unilateral multicistic disease revealed that 31.4% of them have an @entity8 , 26.3% anomaly of the ipsilateral side, 13.2% anomaly of the lower portions of the urinary system and the same percent an @entity154 . The surgery was performed in 73.6% of @entity1 , more than half of the interventions were related to @entity154 . In 17% of @entity1 the kidney function was deteriorated after surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity1 suffering from @entity15740 have a greater chance of exhibiting an @entity8 and the urinary system in general. Therefore, they require thorough examination, both prenatally and postnatally. We propose obligatory serial professional prenatal ultrasound examinations, followed by postnatal ultrasound, isotope scan, and we especially emphasize the need for performing urinary cystouretherography, bearing in mind the high incidence of the vesicoureteral reflux of the contralateral kidney. In addition to nephrectomy, cytoscopy and colposcopy also need to be performed for the purpose of discovering possible hidden anomalies of the urogenital system.

title: [Association of fetal XXXX with other urinary tract anomalies].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['extrarenal anomaly', 'Associated anomalies', 'additional extrarenal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['additional renal or exstrarenal anomaly', 'anomaly of the contralateral kidney']

entities_list: @entity15740 :: ('MESH:D021782', 'Disease') :: ['multicystic dysplastic kidney', 'Multicystic dysplastic kidney', 'unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['a disorder']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['unilateral multicystic kidney disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is limited information on accumulation, transfer, and source of @entity349 in @entity3505 under field conditions over the Loess Plateau, northwest China. The present study collected 26 pairs of topsoil and whole @entity3505 samples (roots, stems, leaves, shells, and grains) from Dongdagou stream watershed and upper Xidagou stream watershed, Baiyin City, northwest China. @entity5332 concentrations from these samples were used to identify their relationships with soil properties, interactions with other metals, localization of @entity5332 in the different @entity3505 tissues, bio-concentration and transfer of @entity5332 , and major sources of @entity5332 in @entity3505 . Results show that @entity5332 levels in 11 out of 26 sampled soils (42.3% of soil samples) exceeded @entity5332 limit of grade II soil environmental quality standards in China (1.0mg  kg(-1)). Likewise, it was also found that @entity5332 in over 50% of @entity3505 grain samples reached or exceeded the maximum permissible food safety levels (0.02mg  kg(-1)) according to the General Standard of Contaminants in Food in China (GB 2762-2012). The spatial distribution pattern of @entity5332 in @entity3505 grains was different from that in the sampled soils. @entity5332 concentrations in different @entity3505 tissues were highest in roots, followed by leaves, stalks, shells, and grains, respectively. Bio-concentration factors (BCF) of @entity5332 in almost all grains samples were one or two orders of magnitude lower than that in roots, except for two @entity3505 samples. The translocation factors (TF) of @entity5332 in @entity3505 tissues on average were leaves>stems>shells>grains. The spatial distribution of @entity5332 and its correlation with other heavy metal detected simultaneously in the soil samples suggested that the @entity5332 soil contamination was probably caused by past sewage irrigation practices and atmospheric deposition. Correlation analysis revealed that the principle source of @entity5332 in @entity3505 roots was very likely from @entity5332 contaminated soils.

title: Accumulation, transfer, and potential sources of @entity349 in the soil- XXXX system under field conditions over the Loess Plateau, northwest China.

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: Fifty-three @entity1 with @entity4595 (chronic bronchial suppuration) of unknown cause, in whom the chronic production of purulent sputum was the prominent clinical feature, were investigated for possible @entity1200 . They were compared with two control groups comprising 50 @entity1 with chronic @entity3617 and @entity2415 and 33 @entity1 with @entity565 . Forty-two @entity1 with @entity4595 (79%) had at least one abnormality of immunoglobulin, usually elevation of IgA, IgG or IgM. Eight @entity1 had all three immunoglobulin levels raised and this was related to severity of disease. Similar increases in immunoglobulin levels were observed in the control groups, but the frequency and severity of these changes were significantly greater in the @entity4595 @entity1 . Two @entity1 had @entity7491 . There was a very high prevalence of rheumatoid factor (52%) and an increased prevalence of antinuclear factor (10%) in the @entity4595 @entity1 compared with the control groups. The presence of these autoantibodies did not correlate closely with severity of disease. Ten @entity1 with @entity4595 (19%) had one or more @entity792 , and the association of severe @entity4595 , @entity2621 and pernicious @entity417 in one @entity1 is described in detail. The immunoglobulin changes, high incidence of autoantibodies and association with @entity792 raises the possibility that in some @entity1 with @entity4595 (chronic bronchial suppuration) of apparent unknown cause abnormal immune mechanisms may be important in causing or perpetuating the condition.

title: @entity1200 in XXXX with chronic bronchial suppuration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity7491 :: ('MESH:D017098', 'Disease') :: ['IgA deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: The @entity1369 -to-renin ratio (ARR) is an accepted screening tool for @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ). An ambulatory case finding test to separate surgically remediable @entity1369 -producing @entity652 (APA) from other forms of @entity1368 , however, is currently not available. The aim of this study was to evaluate a reverse postural test (RPT) as a novel tool for identifying APA. We investigated 6 healthy controls, 19 primary @entity101 @entity1 , and a prospective cohort of 32 @entity1 clinically suspicious for @entity1368 . We diagnosed seven @entity1 with surgically proven APA, and three @entity1 with @entity1368 . Serum @entity1369 was measured after 30-min of moderate exercise (Aldo-1) and after a subsequent 2-h supine resting period ( @entity32699 ) with calculation of the ratio @entity32699 /Aldo-1. @entity1369 significantly decreased after supine resting in both healthy controls and primary @entity101 , but not in @entity1 with APA. Receiver-operating-curve analysis revealed that the RPT was suitable for the screening of APA. A combination of the ratio @entity32699 /Aldo-1 >0.59 and @entity32699 >160 pg/ml correctly identified all the @entity1 with APA, with no false positives. Although the high sensitivity of the RPT here observed needs to be confirmed in larger studies, the high positive predictive value of RPT could be useful for the identification of APA in outpatients.

title: A reverse postural test as a screening tool for @entity1369 -producing XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'primary hyperaldosteronism', 'idiopathic hyperaldosteronism']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity737 ( @entity737 ) use is increasing in young @entity1 and is frequently complicated by @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ), leading to discomfort, @entity148 and, potentially, proarrhythmia. Dual-chamber (DC) ICDs may decrease @entity1652 by improving rhythm discrimination, but are associated with increased size, expense, and implant complications. We examined whether the frequency of @entity1652 was the same in dual- and single-chamber (SC) ICDs in young @entity1 . METHODS: A multicenter review of @entity1 <or=30 years of age with ICDs was performed. Demographic data and number of appropriate discharges (ADs) and @entity1652 were collected. ADs and @entity1652 were categorized after review of the episode by the primary electrophysiologist. RESULTS: Of 168 subjects (SC = 52; female = 76), 41 @entity1 received 139 ADs, while 35 @entity1 received 159 @entity1652 . There were no differences related to gender or primary diagnosis, but @entity1 with SC versus DC devices were younger (12.3 +/- 5.0 years vs 14.9 +/- 4.4 years, P < 0.0001) at implant. SC and DC devices were implanted with the same frequency for primary and secondary prevention. There were no significant differences in the incidence of @entity1652 or ADs between the @entity1 with SC or DC devices ( @entity195 : 12/52 SC vs 29/116 DC, P = 0.79; ID 7/52 SC vs 28/116 DC, P = 0.13). CONCLUSION: In this cohort of young @entity1 , DC ICDs did not provide added protection from @entity1652 . Hence, the added complexity and cost of an atrial lead appear unwarranted if used solely for assistance with rhythm discrimination in young @entity1 .

title: Inappropriate XXXX discharges in single-chamber versus dual-chamber devices in the pediatric and young adult population.

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['IDs', 'inappropriate device discharges']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['Implantable cardioverter defibrillator', 'ICD']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['ICD']


abstract: Study Type--Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? It is known that urorectal fistulae is a serious but rare complication of the treatment of @entity263 . This study adds a distinction between post-surgical fistulate and post-irradiation fistulae. Essentially most post-surgical fistulae are simple and relatively easily dealt with: the expectation is that the @entity1 will return to normality; whereas post-irradiation fistulate are by their nature complex and much more difficult to treat with a much more uncertain long-term outcome. Complexity is discussed and defined. OBJECTIVE:     To evaluate the management of urorectal fistulae (URF) in light of new technology in @entity263 treatment, which has changed the nature of these URF and, therefore, the approach to treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS:     Between 2004 and 2009 we repaired URF after treatment for @entity263 in 40 @entity1 with a minimum of 1-year follow-up since their last intervention.     In 23 @entity1 (post-surgical group) the URF resulted from open, laparoscopic or robotic radical prostatectomy. In the other 17 @entity1 (post-irradiation group) the URF resulted from either external beam radiation (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BT), or both, salvage cryotherapy or salvage high-intensity focused ultrasound (sHIFU).     In the 23 @entity1 in the post-surgical group a transperineal repair was performed. In the post-irradiation group a transperineal repair was performed in three of the 17 @entity1 . A transabdominal or abdominoperineal repair was performed in the remaining 14 @entity1 , combined with salvage radical prostatectomy in those eight @entity1 in whom a discrete prostate still existed, and in whom this was possible. RESULTS:     The URF were cured in all @entity1 .     @entity1494 (BNC) developed in two @entity1 , one of whom is being managed by interval dilatation and the other of whom had a revision of his vesico-urethral @entity254 . Sphincter weakness @entity322 required further treatment in eight @entity1 by implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter.     A specific category of complex URF with cavitation was identified, which is particularly common after sHIFU following the combination of previous EBRT and BT, but which may result from the sequential application of any 'new technology'. CONCLUSIONS:     URF of any degree of complexity can be managed without the need for a transanorectal sphincter-splitting approach or a covering colostomy and without the need for an interposition flap when the circumstances are appropriate and the surgeon is sufficiently experienced. URF with cavitation and in the post-irradiation group are an exception and do require an interposition flap.     The role of salvage radical prostatectomy in @entity1 with a URF who still have a prostate, needs to be defined.     We suggest that cavitation, BNC and extensive ischaemia due to the serial application of external energy sources confer 'complexity'. Post-surgical URF are simple except for those with cavitation or a BNC. Most post-irradiation URF are complex even in the absence of cavitation or a BNC.

title: Urorectal fistulae following the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['A bladder-neck contracture']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Conjugated @entity4722 ( @entity13357 ) is a @entity844 (FA) that provides several health benefits to @entity1 . The feeding of fish oil-supplemented diets to dairy @entity291 has been extensively studied as a means to improve the @entity13357 content in milk. Several studies have also been conducted on the ability of many microorganisms to produce @entity13357 by utilizing substrates containing @entity4722 . In the present study, the dietary manipulated milk was used in combination with the @entity13357 -producing culture to manufacture Cheddar cheese. The two diets fed to @entity291 were control and treatment diets to obtain control and treatment milk, respectively. The treatment diet containing fish oil (0.75% of dry matter) was fed to 32 dairy @entity291 grouped in a pen for 18 d to increase the total @entity13357 content in milk. Treatment milk had a @entity13357 content of 1.60 g/100g of FA compared with 0.58 g/100g of FA in control milk obtained by feeding the control diet. A 2   2 factorial design with 3 replicates was used to test the combined effect of the @entity13357 -producing starter culture of @entity7878 (CI4b) versus a commercial @entity13357 nonproducing cheese starter as the control culture, and type of milk (control vs. treatment milk) on @entity13357 content in Cheddar cheese. Chemical composition (moisture, salt, fat, and protein) was not affected by the type of culture used. However, the age of the cheese affected the sensory properties and microbiological counts in the different treatments. Ripening with the CI4b culture was found to be effective in further enhancing the @entity13357 content. The CI4b cheeses made from control milk and treatment milk contained 1.09 and 2.41 (  0.18) g of total @entity13357 /100g of FA after 1 mo of ripening, which increased to 1.44 and 2.61 (  0.18) g of total @entity13357 /100g of FA after 6 mo of ripening, respectively. The use of treatment milk resulted in an increase in the @entity13357 isomers (trans-7,cis-9+cis-9,trans-11, trans-9,cis-11+cis-10,trans-12, trans-10,cis-12, cis-9,cis-11, trans-11,cis-13, cis-11,cis-13, trans-11,trans-13, and trans-9,trans-11). The CI4b culture specifically increased cis-11,cis-13 and trans-10,cis-12 isomers in cheese. The total @entity13357 content in cheese was significantly higher when the CI4b culture was used compared with @entity13357 nonproducing culture cheeses made from control milk and treatment milk after 1 mo [1.09 and 2.14 (  0.18) g of total @entity13357 /100g of FA] and 6 mo [0.99 and 2.05 (  0.18) g of total @entity13357 /100g of FA] of ripening, respectively. The results indicated that the combination of a @entity13357 -producing starter culture and milk from @entity291 fed fish oil-supplemented diets (0.99 g of @entity13357 /100g of FA) could enhance levels of total @entity13357 in Cheddar cheese by up to 2.6 times compared with cheese made from control milk with @entity13357 nonproducing starter culture (2.61 g of @entity13357 /100g of FA) after 6 mo.

title: Starter cultures and @entity291 feed manipulation enhance conjugated XXXX concentrations in Cheddar cheese.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: Acute resident @entity146 facilities in Norway usually get their @entity1 after referral from a medical doctor. Acute @entity146 wards are the only places accepting @entity1 in need of emergency hospitalisation when emergency units in somatic hospitals do not accept the @entity1 . Resident @entity1 at one random chosen day were scrutinized in an acute @entity146 facility with 36 beds serving a catchment area of 165   000. Twenty-five @entity1 were resident in the facility at that particular day. Eight of 25 resident @entity1 (32.0%) in the acute wards were referred for a @entity716 ( @entity716 ). Another @entity1 may also have had a @entity716 , but the differential diagnostic work was not finished. A main primary diagnosis of substance use was given in the medical reports in only 12.9% of @entity1 during the last year. Given that the chosen day was representative of the year, a majority of @entity1 with @entity734 problems were given other diagnoses. There seems to be a reluctance to declare the primary reason for an acute stay in a third of resident stays. Lack of specialized emergency detoxification facilities may have contributed to the results.

title: Substance abusers in an acute XXXX facility: a diagnostic and logistic challenge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['SIP', 'substance-induced psychosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: The aim was to establish an in vitro model for studies of innate defence mechanisms of @entity1 intestinal epithelium. Ultrastructural characterization and determination of mRNA expression levels for apical glycocalyx and mucous components showed that polarized, tight monolayers of the @entity694 cell lines T84 and Caco2 acquire the features of mature- and immature columnar epithelial cells, respectively. Polarized monolayers were challenged with non-pathogenic Gram+ and Gram- bacteria from the apical side and the proinflammatory cytokines @entity379 ( @entity379 ), @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) from the basolateral side. Immune responses were estimated as changes in mRNA expression levels for the mucous component @entity5091 ( @entity5091 ), the glycocalyx components @entity10580 ( @entity10580 ), @entity29916 ( @entity29916 ), @entity23314 , @entity23379 and @entity5087 , the antimicrobial factors @entity1 @entity16448 ( @entity16448 ), @entity15875 , @entity6390 and lysozyme, the chemokine @entity687 and the cytokines @entity650 and @entity310 . Tight monolayer cells were generally unresponsive to bacterial challenge, but increased their @entity15875 levels when challenged with @entity3882 . T84 cells also increased their @entity310 levels upon bacterial challenge. Tight monolayer cells responded to cytokine challenge suggesting awareness of basolateral attack. @entity310 induced significantly increased levels of @entity687 and @entity310 itself in both cell lines suggesting recruitment and activation of immune cells in the underlying mucosa in vivo. Cytokine challenge also increased levels of @entity29916 , which includes two functionally different forms, @entity29916 -L and @entity29916 -S. In T84 cells, @entity379 was selective for @entity29916 -L while @entity310 upregulated both forms. Increased @entity29916 expression may influence epithelial function and communication between epithelial cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes.

title: Contribution of intestinal epithelial cells to innate immunity of the XXXX gut--studies on polarized monolayers of @entity694 cells.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity29916 :: ('634', 'Gene') :: ['CEA-related cell adhesion molecule-1', 'CEACAM1']

entities_list: @entity3882 :: ('1404', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus megaterium']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity10580 :: ('1048', 'Gene') :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large @entity154 pose difficulties in shoulder arthroplasty. Structural grafts consisting of a humeral head autograft, iliac crest, and allograft have been described. Few series describe grafts used with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed @entity1 who had undergone primary or revision RTSA. We identified 44 @entity1 (20 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ; mean age, 69 years) as having a bulk structural graft to the glenoid behind the baseplate. The grafts consisted of a humeral head autograft in 29, iliac crest autograft in 1, or femoral head allograft in 14. Range of motion data, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, simple shoulder test, shoulder @entity158 and disability index, and Constant scores were obtained from preoperative and the latest follow-up visits. Radiographs were reviewed from the initial postoperative visit and the latest follow-up. The grafting cohort was compared with an age- and sex-matched cohort of RTSA @entity1 without glenoid grafting. RESULTS: Improvements were seen in the functional outcome scores at the latest follow-up. No significant differences were found in the preoperative or postoperative data between allografts and autografts. Postoperative scores for the bone graft cohort were significantly lower than those in the cohort without grafting. Complete or partial incorporation was shown radiographically in 81% of grafts. Six baseplates were considered loose. Complications included 2 infections, 1 dislocation, 1 humeral loosening, and 2 instances of clinical aseptic baseplate loosening. Six @entity1 showed mild scapular notching. CONCLUSIONS: The use of bulk structural grafts is a promising treatment option. Allografts may yield equally acceptable results compared with autografts.

title: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with structural bone grafting of large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['glenoid defects']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['glenoid defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate two approaches to treating @entity1 with persistent dressing problems and @entity73 following @entity64 . DESIGN: Pilot randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Inpatient @entity64 rehabilitation service. SUBJECTS: Seventy consecutive @entity64 @entity1 with persistent dressing problems and accompanying @entity73 at two weeks after their @entity64 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly allocated to six weeks of either a systematic neuropsychological approach, based on analysis of dressing problems and further cognitive testing, or to the control group who received conventional (functional) dressing practice. Both groups received treatment three times a week in accordance with two separately prepared manuals. MAIN MEASURES: Nottingham @entity64 Dressing Assessment (NSDA), Line Cancellation, 10-hole peg transfer test, Object Decision, Gesture Imitation. @entity1 were assessed at six weeks after randomization by an independent assessor masked to group allocation. RESULTS: Both neuropsychological and functional groups improved performance on the NSDA over the treatment period (31% and 22%, respectively) but there was no significant difference between groups at six weeks. However, the neuropsychological group showed a significantly greater improvement on a line cancellation test of visual neglect (t(62) = 2.1, P < 0.05) and a planned subanalysis for those with right hemisphere damage showed a trend towards better dressing outcome (P = 0.07, one-tailed). CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate the potential benefits of a systematic neuropsychological approach to dressing therapy, particularly for @entity1 with right hemisphere damage. This study suggests the need for a phase III study evaluating the efficacy of a systematic neuropsychological approach in treating dressing difficulties, targeting @entity1 with right hemisphere @entity64 and @entity73 .

title: The DRESS trial: a feasibility randomized controlled trial of a neuropsychological approach to dressing therapy for XXXX inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial impairments', 'cognitive difficulties']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity80 was first described by Jaffe and Lichtenstein in 1942. Schajowicz in 1972 in his Histopathological Classification of Primary @entity3478 (later modified by WHO in 1993) placed it in group IX - @entity5 -like lesions. Its etiology and pathogenesis is not completely clear. @entity80 are usually found in older @entity1 and young adults, rarely before the age of 5 or after 30. The aim of the study is to evaluate aneurysmal cyst treatment outcomes in @entity1 we have treated and present diagnostic difficulties, especially considering the @entity2967 in differential diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 40 @entity1 aged from 10 to 65 years (mean age 22 years), including 21 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 , who underwent surgery at the @entity3478 and @entity5 Unit between 1999 and 2006. The follow-up period varied from 2 to 78 months (mean 23 months). RESULTS: A single surgical procedure was performed in 25 @entity1 . No recurrences were noted in this group. In the remaining 15 cases, the @entity5 relapsed between 2 and 72 months after surgery (mean 17 months). In 12 @entity1 , the histopathological examination was inconclusive. The @entity2968 was considered as a second diagnosis in all these cases. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Surgical treatment of @entity80 enables radical excision of the lesion with same-time histopathological verification. 2. The basis of effective treatment of primary and recurring @entity80 consists in complete resection of all tissues lining the cyst and any of its components from the surrounding soft tissues. 3. An effective plan of surgical treatment of @entity80 aimed at reducing the risk of @entity5 recurrence relies crucially on precise determination of its size, characteristics and topography via imaging workup. 4. Relapses are most common in @entity1 suffering from the aggressive or active form of @entity80 . 5. @entity5 location in direct proximity of a joint and the presence of epiphyseal cartilage hinders complete resection of the lesion and gives rise to technical problems during surgery. 6. The diagnosis of @entity80 most often leads physicians to assume the presence of @entity2967 . If this diagnosis is confirmed following surgery, the @entity1 should be subjected to additional radiotherapy. 7. @entity1 suffering from @entity80 require a ling follow-up due to the possibility of late recurrence of the @entity5 .

title: Treatment and differential diagnosis of XXXX based on our own experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2968 :: ('MESH:D018212', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor of bone']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['Bone Tumors', 'Bone Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Neoplasm', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity80 :: ('MESH:D017824', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysmal bone cysts', 'aneurysmal bone cyst', 'Aneurysmal bone cyst', 'aneurysmal bone cysts']

answer: @entity80 :: (MESH:D017824,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal bone cyst']