abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity32137 delta beta (  y  b)- @entity2395 are rare @entity2526 caused by deletion of the b-globin gene cluster. The main clinical feature is marked @entity417 that resolves spontaneously within a few months. Reports originating mainly from Europe have so far identified 30 such deletions The aim of the present work was to describe a novel 1.78-Mb deletion, the longest ever reported, and to detail the clinical features in 12 members of an extended Bedouin family. METHODS: The deletion was identified by globin gene multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) of the b-globin cluster and further characterized by comparative genomic hybridization. Past and present clinical and laboratory data of ten symptomatic and two asymptomatic @entity1 were collected. RESULTS: A 1.78-Mb   y  b-deletion, the largest ever described, was identified in all @entity1 . Although other genes were included in the deletion, no other symptoms were observed. Of the ten symptomatic fetuses and neonates, three died of the disease. The remainder required packed cell transfusions during the first months of life. Pregnancy complications included @entity1592 and @entity2906 , as well as additional neonatal complications including @entity3465 and persistent pulmonary @entity101 of the neonate. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that   y  b- @entity2395 be added to the list of @entity8453 that can cause @entity417 and that MLPA of the b-globin cluster be used to confirm its diagnosis. Careful surveillance during pregnancy is important to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity, especially given the dramatic improvement that occurs later.

title: A novel @entity32137 delta beta @entity2395 presenting with pregnancy complications and severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal anemia', 'prenatal and neonatal anemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathies']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemias', 'thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity32137 :: ('MESH:C566082', 'Disease') :: ['epsilon gamma']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['neonatal anemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: West, John B. @entity73 of school @entity1 at @entity2222 : the case for @entity26 conditioning in schools. High Alt Med Biol. 00:000-000, 2016.-The @entity519 of @entity2222 frequently affects cognitive function. Recent work has shown that @entity2222 impairs the neuropsychological function of @entity1 of school age when compared with a similar control group of @entity1 at low altitude. This implies that the learning process is compromised at @entity2222 . One option is to bus @entity1 down to a lower altitude for schooling, but this is generally impracticable. Recently the new technique of @entity26 conditioning has been introduced. The procedure is similar to air conditioning except that instead of altering the temperature of the air, the @entity26 concentration is increased, thus raising the @entity4095 in the inspired air of classrooms. The result is that the @entity1 are physiologically at a lower altitude. Just as in very hot or cold climates, it is now unacceptable to have schools that are not air conditioned; in the future the same may apply to schools at @entity2222 that are not @entity26 conditioned.

title: XXXX of School @entity1 at High Altitude: The Case for @entity26 Conditioning in Schools.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2222 :: ('MESH:C535833', 'Disease') :: ['high altitude']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Impairment']


abstract: Increased myocardial mass due to regular high-volume intense exercise training (so-called @entity299 ) is not uncommon. Although directly correlated with the extent of training loads, @entity1283 is not present exclusively in well-trained or elite @entity2587 . @entity299 is considered a physiological phenomenon with no known harmful consequences. However, extreme forms of @entity1283 due to endurance training resemble a structural @entity299 such as @entity1121 , a condition associated with substantially increased risk of @entity299 . Endurance sports such as rowing and road cycling, rather than strength/power training, are most commonly associated with left ventricular (LV) wall thickness compatible with @entity1121 . The differentiation between physiological and maladaptive @entity1283 in @entity2587 is undoubtedly important, since untreated @entity299 often possesses a real threat of @entity204 due to @entity712 during intense physical exertion. Luckily, the distinction from pathological @entity1184 is usually straightforward using transthoracic echocardiography, as endurance @entity2587 , in addition to moderately and proportionally thickened LV walls with normal acoustic density, tend to possess increased LV diameter. In more uncertain cases, a detailed evaluation of myocardial function using (tissue) Doppler and contrast echocardiography is effective. When a doubt still remains, knowledge of an athlete's working capacity may be useful in evaluating whether the insidious cardiac pathology is absent. In such cases cardiopulmonary exercise testing typically resolves the dilemma: indices of aerobic capacity are markedly higher in healthy endurance @entity2587 compared to @entity1 . Other characteristics such as a decrease of LV mass due to training cessation are also discussed in the article. Key pointsTransthoracic echocardiography is still the most common relevant differentiation technique applied to distinguish @entity299 from the @entity296 .Conventional echocardiographic criteria such as left ventricular chamber size and diastolic function parameters are to be regarded first when making differential diagnosis between substantially increased wall thickness in @entity299 (i.e. physiological adaptation) versus a disease (usually @entity1121 ).When conventional echocardiographic parameters fail to diagnose the nature of @entity1283 , other differentiation criteria such as aerobic fitness, cardiac performance in response to physical exertion, and changes in echocardiographic parameters due to detraining, must be taken into consideration.Tissue Doppler, contrast and three-dimensional imaging are state-of-the-art echocardiographic techniques which have recently appeared in the differential diagnostics.

title: The role of echocardiography in the differential diagnosis between training induced XXXX versus @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ["Athlete's heart", 'cardiac event', 'heart disease', 'cardiac abnormality', "athlete's heart"]

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']


abstract: Chronic @entity10278 ( @entity10278 , 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment in female albino @entity35 for 2 weeks resulted in elevation of blood pressure. In chronic @entity10278 -treated @entity35 the pressor responses to different doses of @entity1063 , @entity1808 and depressor responses to @entity934 and @entity3044 were unaltered. In @entity35 hindquarter preparation there was elevation of perfusion pressure and the sensitivity of vascular bed to @entity1063 was increased in the @entity10278 -induced @entity101 @entity35 . Complete bilateral adrenalectomy or chemical sympathectomy or treatment with @entity3371 did not prevent the development of @entity10278 -induced @entity101 . Treatment with @entity1855 (15 mg/kg/day, p.o.) or @entity594 (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 2 weeks prevented the development of @entity101 with chronic @entity10278 treatment. It is suggested that chronic treatment of @entity35 with @entity10278 induces @entity101 . It is possible that @entity3409 mimics the @entity460 ion for the induction of @entity101 in @entity35 .

title: XXXX -induced @entity101 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity10278 :: ('MESH:D019256', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium chloride', 'CdCl2']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['Cadmium']


abstract: Eighty @entity291 fetuses with presumed @entity2878 from a previous 2-year retrospective study were examined by immunohistochemistry using antisera against Neospora caninum. In 66 (83%) of the fetuses, protozoa were found that reacted positively with anti-N. caninum sera. In three (4%) additional fetuses, protozoa identified as Sarcocystis species did not react, and in two fetuses (3%) single protozoal clusters were found only in @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained slides. A group of 20 fetuses were chosen for further evaluation. They included 14 fetuses from the first group of 80 fetuses plus six additional fetuses that had large numbers of protozoa in the fetal brain. The 20 fetuses were examined immunohistochemically with antisera to N. caninum, Hammondia hammondi, and @entity3204 . Protozoa from 3/20 fetuses, identified as Sarcocystis species, failed to react with any antisera. In 16/20 fetuses protozoa reacted positively to antisera against N. caninum, and in most cases reacted to H. hammondi, and weakly to one or more of the antisera against @entity3204 . Thick-walled protozoal tissue cysts were found in the brain of four of these 16 fetuses by transmission electron microscopy. The cyst wall morphology was comparable to N. caninum. The results suggested that a single protozoal parasite of unknown identity was responsible for most of the @entity291 abortions. By immunohistochemistry, the unknown protozoon reacted most strongly and consistently to N. caninum antisera, but was antigenically distinct from N. caninum. Ultrastructurally, tissue cysts found in four fetuses most closely resembled Neospora caninum.

title: @entity2878 associated with XXXX abortions.

entities_list: @entity2878 :: ('MESH:D020808', 'Disease') :: ['protozoal infections']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: CONTEXT: Resting heart rate (RHR) has long been recognized as an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. However, whether temporal changes in RHR influence the risk of @entity204 from @entity741 ( @entity741 ) in the general population is not known. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of long-term longitudinal changes in RHR with the risk of dying from @entity741 . DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND @entity1 : A prospective cohort study of 13,499 @entity1 and 15,826 @entity1 without known @entity65 in Norway. Resting heart rate was measured on 2 occasions around 10 years apart in the Nord-Tr  ndelag County Health Study. The second RHR measurement was obtained between August 1995 and June 1997, with subsequent mortality follow-up until December 31, 2008. A total of 60 @entity1 were lost to follow-up, all due to emigration from Norway. Using Cox regression analyses, adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) were estimated of @entity204 from @entity741 related to changes in RHR over time. In a corresponding analysis, @entity204 from all causes also was assessed. RESULTS: During a mean (SD) of 12 (2) years of follow-up, 3038 @entity1 died, and 388 @entity204 were caused by @entity741 . An increase in RHR was associated with increased risk of @entity204 from @entity741 . Compared with @entity1 with a RHR of less than 70 beats/min at both measurements (8.2 @entity204 /10,000 @entity1 -years), the @entity5874 was 1.9 (95% CI, 1.0-3.6) for @entity1 with a RHR of less than 70 beats/min at the first measurement but greater than 85 beats/min at the second measurement (17.2 @entity204 /10,000 @entity1 -years). For @entity1 with RHRs between 70 and 85 beats/min at the first measurement and greater than 85 beats/min at the second measurement (17.4 @entity204 /10,000 @entity1 -years), the @entity5874 was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.8). The association of change in RHR with @entity741 mortality was not linear (P = .003 for quadratic trend), suggesting that a decrease in RHR showed no general mortality benefit. Excluding the first 3 years of follow-up did not substantially alter the findings. The associations for total mortality were similar but generally weaker than those observed for @entity741 mortality. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 and @entity1 without known @entity65 , an increase in RHR over a 10-year period was associated with increased risk of @entity204 from @entity741 and also for all-cause mortality.

title: Temporal changes in resting heart rate and @entity204 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: Studies of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term @entity308 (LTD) strongly suggest that individual synapses can be bidirectionally modified. A central question is the biochemical mechanisms that make LTP and LTD persistent. Previous theoretical models have proposed that the autophosphorylation properties of @entity3404 could underlie a bistable molecular switch that maintains LTP, and there is experimental support for this mechanism. In contrast, there has been comparatively little theoretical or experimental work regarding the mechanisms that maintain LTD. Several lines of evidence indicate that LTD is not simply a reversal of previous LTP but rather involves separate biochemical reactions. These findings indicate that a minimal model of the synapse must involve a tristable system. Here, we describe a phosphatase ( @entity4333 ) switch, which together with a kinase switch form a tristable system. @entity4333 can be activated by a @entity141 -dependent process but can also be phosphorylated and inactivated by @entity3404 . When dephosphorylated, @entity4333 can dephosphorylate itself. We show that these properties can lead to a persistent increase in @entity4333 during LTD (as reported experimentally), thus forming a phosphatase switch. We show that the coupled @entity4333 and @entity3404 switches lead to a tristable system in which the kinase activity is high in the LTP state; the @entity4333 activity is high in the LTD state, and neither activity is high in the basal state. Our results provide an explanation for the recent finding that inhibition of @entity4333 prevents LTD induction.

title: Coupled phosphatase and kinase switches produce the tristability required for long-term potentiation and long-term XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The present studies evaluated intrarenal hemodynamics, pressure natriuresis, and arterial blood pressure in @entity35 following recovery from @entity8 -reperfusion (I/R) injury. @entity5721 , induced by 40 min of bilateral renal @entity432 , resulted in an increase in plasma @entity1011 that resolved within a week. Following 5 wk of recovery on a 0.4% @entity1219 diet, the pressure-natriuresis response was assessed in anesthetized @entity35 in which the kidney was denervated and extrarenal hormones were administered intravenously. Increasing renal perfusion pressure (RPP) from 107 to 141 mmHg resulted in a fourfold increase in urine flow and @entity1372 excretion in sham control @entity35 . In comparison, pressure diuresis and natriuresis were significantly attenuated in post-I/ @entity5698 . In sham @entity35 , glomerular filtration rate (GFR) averaged 1.6 +/- 0.2 mlxmin(-1)xg kidney @entity31204 ) and renal blood flow (RBF) averaged 7.8 +/- 0.7 mlxmin(-1)xg kidney @entity31204 ) at RPP of 129 mmHg. Renal cortical blood flow, measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry, was well autoregulated whereas medullary blood flow and renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure increased directly with elevated RPP in sham @entity35 . In contrast, GFR and RBF were significantly reduced whereas medullary perfusion and interstitial pressure demonstrated an attenuated response to RPP in post-I/ @entity5698 . Further experiments demonstrated that conscious I/ @entity5698 develop @entity101 when @entity1372 intake is increased. The present data indicate that the pressure-natriuretic-diuretic response in I/ @entity5698 is blunted because of a decrease in GFR and RBF and the depressed pressure-dependent increase in medullary blood flow and interstitial pressure.

title: Recovery from @entity8 -reperfusion injury is associated with altered renal hemodynamics, blunted pressure natriuresis, and XXXX -sensitive @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['Acute I/R injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: The antiarrhythmic effects of @entity1818 and @entity3174 were studied in 81 @entity1 admitted to the coronary care unit at the University Hospital in Link  ping because of a suspected or proven diagnosis of @entity583 , and who developed @entity67 , requiring treatment, during the first 8 hours in hospital. @entity1 were randomly allocated to a @entity1818 of @entity3174 group. The drugs were given as intravenous and oral loading doses followed by oral maintenance therapy. Plasma levels of the two druge were frequently determined and the electrocardiogram was continuously recorded during the 24-hour trial and analysed minute by minute. A significantly higher frequency of therapeutic failure was found in the @entity3174 group (23 of 35 @entity1 )compared to the @entity1818 group(13 of 39 aptients) during the first 2 hours after initiation of therapy. Four @entity1 in the @entity3174 group and 2 in the @entity1818 group developed symptoms probably caused by the trial drugs, necessitating discontinuation of therapy. The mean plasma levels were usually within the apparent therapeutic range (for @entity3174 40-72 mumol/l (10-18 mug/ml), and for @entity1818 17-34 mumol/l (4-8 mug/ml). Seventeen @entity1 (68%) in the @entity3174 group and 10 @entity1 (48%) in the @entity1818 group had plasma concentrations within this range when the therapeutic failure was observed. Nine @entity1 died in hospital but only one of them during the trial. The results of this investigation clearly demonstrate the overall superiority of @entity1818 over @entity3174 as an antiarrhythmic drug in short-term therapy after @entity583 .

title: @entity1818 and XXXX . Comparative study of their antiarrhythmic effects at apparent therapeutic plasma levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhyhmias']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

answer: @entity3174 :: (MESH:D010672,Chemical) :: ['phenytoin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of intratympanic @entity134 injection (ITSI) with that of systemic @entity230 as an initial treatment of sudden @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) with @entity6 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized multicenter clinical trial. SETTING: Multicenter study in Busan and Masan, South Korea. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 114 sudden @entity1274 @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity6 were divided into peroral (PO) group (n = 48), intravenous (IV) group (n = 32), and intratympanic (IT) group (n = 34). In the PO group, @entity617 was used orally for 10 days, per schedule. In the IV group, @entity617 was administered intravenously for seven days, followed by oral administration of tapered doses for another several days. In the IT group, @entity619 was injected into the tympanic cavity four times within a two-week period. Hearing outcome was assessed before and after the treatment. RESULTS: All groups showed significant improvement with criteria of 15 dB (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in @entity393 and recovery rate among groups (P > 0.05). Systemic @entity134 treatment was stopped for two @entity1 in the IV group and for one in the PO group due to uncontrolled @entity4854 . However, in the IT group, there were no @entity1 who failed to control their blood sugar level. CONCLUSION: ITSI is as effective as systemic @entity134 treatment for sudden @entity1274 @entity1 with @entity6 and it can avoid undesirable side effects. Therefore, we consider ITSI to be a more reasonable alternative as an initial treatment for sudden @entity1274 @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Clinical efficacy of initial intratympanic @entity134 treatment on sudden XXXX with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing gain']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An accurate assessment of the clinical stage of @entity263 is important to determine the most appropriate treatments for @entity1 . Most centers rely on digital rectal examination, given conflicting results in the literature regarding the role of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). OBJECTIVE: Since ultrasound technologies as well as physician experience have improved, the contemporary impact of TRUS on the clinical staging of @entity263 was assessed. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : In 2002, a standardized form to evaluate TRUS findings in order to rank the clinical suspicion of extracapsular extension (ECE) was used for all @entity263 @entity1 evaluated at UCSF. Preoperative clinical findings were compared with pathological staging as assessed by analysis of radical prostatectomy specimens from 2002 to 2007 (n = 620). RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 58    6.6 years with a mean PSA of 7.0    4.5; 157/620 (25.3%) had pathologic ECE. Evidence of ECE by TRUS was associated with higher pathologic stage (P < 0.00001) and higher rates of biochemical failure after prostatectomy (P = 0.0006). Overall, TRUS had a 31% sensitivity, 92% specificity, 58% positive predictive value, and 80% negative predictive value with an area under the curve of 0.77 for the detection of ECE. TRUS alone was significantly more accurate in predicting ECE than commonly used nomograms or tables (P < 0.001) when examining @entity1 with impalpable @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In the current era, TRUS provides an accurate method to assess a @entity5 stage.

title: The importance of XXXX palpability and transrectal ultrasonographic appearance in the contemporary clinical staging of @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A case of isolated @entity997 is reported. The lesion, that at surgery resulted to be an @entity1713 , was well tolerated for a long time. After 23 years from the @entity130 the @entity1 was successfully treated by surgical correction. The clinical features, compared to the 33 cases reported in the literature, demonstrated that the clinical course was more dramatic in @entity1 with @entity121 than in those where the lesion was located on the chordae tendineae and/or the valves. The physical findings are characteristic but not specific of the traumatic type of @entity997 . However, when these symptoms are found in a @entity1 where a @entity130 has previously occurred, the correct diagnosis should consider this possibility. The ECG usually shows @entity5036 , and the chest roentgenogram reveals @entity1283 . Furthermore, the blood pressure levels in the right chambers are nearly normal. Surgery is often indicated and seems to give very good results. Our @entity1 markedly improved after surgical treatment. Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic evidence of right @entity123 was reduced as well as the roentgenographic pattern.

title: [Isolated XXXX of traumatic type. Report of a case and revision of the literature (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['anterior valve leaflet detachment']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspidal insufficiency', 'tricuspid insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['papillary muscle rupture']

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['tricuspid insufficiency']


abstract: There are conflicting data to support the practice of delaying the introduction of allergenic foods into the @entity1 diet to prevent @entity566 development. This study investigated immune response development after early oral egg antigen (Ovalbumin; OVA) exposure in a @entity35 pup model. Brown Norway (BN) @entity35 pups were randomly allocated into groups: dam reared (DR), DR pups challenged daily (days 4-13) with oral OVA (DR + OVAc), DR pups challenged intermittently (on day 4, 10, 12, and 13) with oral OVA (DR + OVAi), formula-fed pups (FF), and FF pups challenged daily with oral OVA (FF + OVA). Immune parameters assessed included OVA-specific serum IgE, IgG1, and IgA. Ileal and splenic messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity1810 ), @entity29750 , and @entity13200 ( @entity13200 ) were determined. Ileum was stained for @entity1810 and @entity29751 . Results. Feeding OVA daily to DR pups maintained systemic and local gut antibody and immunoregulatory marker mRNA responses. Systemic @entity1810 was lower in DR + OVAi pups compared to DR and DR + OVAc pups. Feeding OVA to FF pups resulted in significantly greater OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, and lower IgA and @entity1810 and Smad expression compared to DR pups. Conclusions. Early daily OVA exposure in the presence of maternal milk maintains immune markers associated with a regulated immune response, preventing @entity56 .

title: Early oral ovalbumin exposure during maternal milk feeding prevents spontaneous allergic sensitization in XXXX -prone @entity35 pups.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['early allergic sensitization']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In juvenile idiopathic @entity625 involvement of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) is often associated with mandibular growth deviations. The relation between the growth deviations and severity of the @entity32 , condylar shape, the micro-architecture, and the quality of the bone has not previously been investigated. This paper studies the effect on the bony structures in mandibular condylar development in rabbits with antigen-induced @entity625 . METHODS: Included were 42 juvenile @entity95 with ovalbumin-induced @entity625 of the @entity1348 treated with intraarticular saline, intraarticular etanercept or subcutaneous etanercept. A @entity1348 from each animal was scanned using micro-computed tomography and structural parameters were calculated. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the mandibular condyle were scored blindly as normal or abnormal. @entity1348 were stratified for condylar morphology and were evaluated against data on trabecular structural parameters, @entity32 , degree of mineralization, overall mandibular growth, and mineral apposition rate. RESULTS: Abnormal morphology were seen in 15/32 animals available for data analysis. Erosions were an uncommon finding. Abnormal morphology was strongly related to the degree of @entity32 . The trabecular separation was larger in group with abnormal morphology than in the group with normal morphology. Abnormal condylar morphology was not associated with overall mandibular growth. No differences were observed in mineral apposition rate. No differences in structural parameters were seen according to treatment modality. CONCLUSION: We showed that severe @entity32 in the @entity1348 during mandibular development was associated with morphological changes in the mandibular condyle. These changes were predominantly seen at the macro-morphological level and only very few differences were structural.

title: Association between condylar morphology and changes in bony microstructure and sub-synovial XXXX in experimental temporomandibular joint @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJs', 'TMJ', 'temporomandibular joints']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: While prisms are commonly prescribed for homonymous @entity1805 to extend or expand the visual field, they cause potentially troubling visual side effects, including nonveridical location of perceived images, @entity892 , and visual @entity911 . In addition, the field behind a prism at its apex is lost to an apical @entity1019 equal in magnitude to the amount of prism shift. The perceptual consequences of apical @entity1019 and the other effects of various designs were examined to consider parameters and designs that can mitigate the impact of these effects. METHODS: Various configurations of sector and peripheral prisms were analyzed, in various directions of gaze, and their visual effects were illustrated using simulated perimetry. A novel "percept" diagram was developed that yielded insights into the @entity1 's view through the prisms. The predictions were verified perimetrically with @entity1 . RESULTS: The diagrams distinguish between potentially beneficial field expansion via visual @entity911 and the pericentrally disturbing and useless effect of @entity892 , and their relationship to prism power and gaze direction. They also illustrate the nonexpanding substitution of field segments of some popular prism designs. CONCLUSIONS: Yoked sector prisms have no effect at primary gaze or when gaze is directed toward the seeing hemifield, and they introduce pericentral field loss when gaze is shifted into them. When fitted unilaterally, sector prisms also have an effect only when the gaze is directed into the prism and may cause a pericentral @entity1019 and/or central @entity892 . Peripheral prisms are effective at essentially all gaze angles. Since gaze is not directed into them, they avoid problematic pericentral effects. We derive useful recommendations for prism power and position parameters, including novel ways of fitting prisms asymmetrically. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians will find these novel diagrams, diagramming techniques, and analyses valuable when prescribing prismatic aids for @entity1805 and when designing new prism devices for @entity1 with various types of field loss.

title: Considering @entity1019 , XXXX , and @entity892 When Prescribing Prisms for @entity1805 .

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['scotoma', 'scotomas']

answer: @entity911 :: (MESH:D003221,Disease) :: ['Confusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between long-term glycemia, traditional @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors, and ascending @entity1723 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight hundred seventy-nine subjects in the @entity6 Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of @entity6 Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study were evaluated. The @entity2693 /distensibility of the ascending thoracic @entity1498 ( @entity1498 ) was measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Associations of @entity1498 distensibility and @entity65 risk factors, mean HbA1c, and @entity65 including macroalbuminuria were assessed using multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 50    7 years (47% @entity1 , mean @entity6 duration of 28 years). Over 22 years of follow-up, 27% of @entity1 had @entity65 . After adjusting for gender and cohort, @entity1498 distensibility was lower with increasing age, mean systolic blood pressure, LDL, and HbA1c measured over an average of 22 years (-26.3% per 10 years, -11.0% per 10 mmHg @entity13519 , -1.8% per 10 mg/dL of LDL, and -9.3% per unit mean HbA1c [%], respectively). @entity1 with macroalbuminuria had 25% lower @entity1498 distensibility compared with those without (P < 0.0001). @entity1498 also was associated with greater ratio of left ventricular mass to volume (-3.4% per 0.1 g/mL; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate strong adverse effects of @entity101 , chronic @entity4854 and macroalbuminuria on @entity1498 @entity2693 in type 1 @entity6 in the DCCT/EDIC cohort.

title: Aortic distensibility in type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness in type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'Lower AA distensibility', 'aorta']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Absorption of @entity2186 ( @entity2187 ) administered via feeding jejunostomy (J) was compared with that given by mouth (PO) to study the role of transgastric passage in its binding to @entity17403 and subsequent ileal absorption. Modified Schilling tests were performed on 10 @entity1 , each @entity1 serving as his own control. A labeled Cbl capsule was dissolved in 10 cc of water, 7 cc (containing approximately 0.4 microCi 57Co) measured in a syringe and administered PO or via J, followed by 30 cc of water. The remaining solution was used for counting. Starting 1 hour later, following 1 mg of IM cyano-Cbl USP to saturate body storage sites of Cbl, urine was accurately collected for 24 hours and a 4-ml aliquot analyzed for 57Co. Results are expressed as % of tracer excreted in the urine (normal: greater than 7%). The test was repeated in 1 week through the alternate route using the identical protocol. In the eight @entity1 in whom results could be analyzed, absorption was 21.18 +/- 5.83% in J group (range: 5.8-51.9%) and 9.75 +/- 2.62% in PO group (range: 1.9-24.2%). This difference was highly significant p = 0.02) using the paired Student's t-test. Route of the first test (PO or J) made no difference. It is concluded that @entity2186 ( @entity2186 ) administered via jejunostomy is absorbed to a degree significantly greater than that given by mouth.

title: Absorption of @entity2186 ( XXXX ) administered via jejunostomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17403 :: ('2694', 'Gene') :: ['gastric Intrinsic Factor']

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalamin', 'vitamin B12']

answer: @entity2186 :: (MESH:D014805,Chemical) :: ['vitamin B12']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity3446 (SRL) conversion in the preservation of kidney function in liver transplant (LT) recipients with @entity9909 (CNI) nephrotoxicity is unclear. METHODS: Data on 102 LT recipients with deteriorating kidney function after CNI exposure who were later converted to SRL were retrospectively reviewed. Kidney function was assessed using serum @entity1011 and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at time of conversion and serially thereafter. The primary endpoint was stabilization or improvement of kidney function as assessed by eGFR at last recorded follow-up compared with eGFR at the time of conversion. RESULT: After a median (interquartile range) of 3.1 (1.6-4.5) years of follow-up, serum @entity1011 decreased from 1.9    0.8 to 1.8    0.7 mg/dL (P=0.25) and eGFR increased from 40.8    16.7 to 44.3    20.0 mL/min (P=0.03). During the same time period, 24-hr urinary protein excretion increased from median (interquartile range) of 72 (0-155) to 382 (169-999) mg/day (P=0.0001). Sixty-five (64%) @entity1 achieved the primary endpoint and 37 (36%) experienced @entity8 . Independent predictors of @entity8 after SRL conversion were development of @entity644 >=  1000 mg/day (odds ratio [OR]: 3.3, confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-9.5 P=0.03), post-LT @entity6 (OR: 4.2, CI: 1.6-11.1, P=0.004), and higher eGFR at time of conversion (OR: 1.6, CI: 1.2-2.2, P=0.003). CONCLUSION: Improvement or stabilization of kidney function occurred in the majority of LT recipients converted to SRL for CNI nephrotoxicity. @entity644 >=  1000 mg/day, post-LT @entity6 , and higher baseline eGFR were independent predictors of kidney function loss after SRL conversion.

title: @entity644 following sirolimus conversion is associated with XXXX in liver transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of kidney function', 'deterioration in kidney function']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['deterioration of kidney function']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to prospectively study the efficacy of grid laser combined with intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab in eyes with @entity1103 due to branch @entity2994 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Treatment-na  ve eyes were enrolled to receive injections of ranibizumab or bevacizumab. During the first 6 months, @entity1 were evaluated monthly and injected if the best-corrected visual acuity changed by five or more letters or fluid was noted on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT); during the next 6 months, @entity1 were evaluated bimonthly and injected only if the best-corrected visual acuity decreased by five or more letters with the associated fluid. Grid laser photocoagulation was performed if there was fluid on OCT and was repeated if @entity1 were eligible after a minimum interval of 3 months. RESULTS: The mean numbers of ranibizumab and bevacizumab injections were, respectively, 3.2  1.5 and 3.0  1.4 in the first 6 months and 0.3  0.6 and 0.3  0.6 in the last 6 months. Moreover, 55/75 (73.33%) @entity1 did not receive any injections in the last 6 months. The mean reductions in central retinal thickness at 12 months were 165.67  m (P<0.001; 95% confidence interval -221.50 to -135.0) in the ranibizumab group and 184.78  m (P<0.001; 95% confidence interval -246.49 to -140.0) in the bevacizumab group (P=0.079). More @entity1 in the bevacizumab group compared to those in the ranibizumab group required rescue laser at 12 months (20 vs eleven; P=0.06). CONCLUSION: Bimonthly evaluations after month 6 with very few pro re nata injections were effective in maintaining @entity227 achieved during the first 6 months. Grid laser photocoagulation is effective in maintaining the vision even in the presence of fluid on OCT, although it's required more often in @entity1 treated with bevacizumab.

title: Grid laser with modified pro re nata injection of bevacizumab and ranibizumab in XXXX due to branch @entity2994 : MARVEL report no 2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual gains']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['macular edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a nanoporous @entity30019 -eluting stent (CREGES) in inhibiting neointimal formation in a porcine coronary model. METHODS: In vitro proliferation assays were performed using isolated @entity1 endothelial and smooth muscle cells to investigate the cell-specific pharmacokinetic effects of @entity30019 and @entity3446 . We implanted CREGES, control @entity3446 -eluting stents (SES) or bare metal stents (BMS) into @entity1707 coronary arteries. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the efficacy of CREGES in inhibiting neointimal formation. RESULTS: @entity30019 and @entity3446 inhibited in vitro vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation to a similar degree. Interestingly, @entity1 endothelial cell proliferation was only significantly inhibited by @entity3446 and was increased by @entity30019 . CREGES attenuated neointimal formation after 4 weeks in porcine coronary model compared with BMS. No differences were found in the @entity32 scores among the groups. Scanning electron microscopy and @entity2279 staining by immunohistochemistry demonstrated an accelerated reendothelialization in the CREGES group compared with the SES or BMS control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that CREGES reduces neointimal formation, promotes reendothelialization in porcine coronary stent model.

title: Nanoporous XXXX -eluting stent attenuates in-stent neointimal formation in porcine coronary arteries.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['injury and inflammation']

answer: @entity30019 :: (8804,Gene) :: ['CREG']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Superovulation (SOV) is a necessary technique to produce large numbers of embryos for embryo transfer. In the conventional methods, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) is administered to donor cattle twice daily for 3 to 4 days. As this method is labor intensive and stresses cattle, improving this method has been desired. We previously developed a novel and simple SOV method, in which the intramuscular injection of a single dose of FSH in @entity13923 gel (AH-gel) induced the growth of multiple follicles, ovulation and the production of multiple embryos. Here we show that AH-gel can efficiently adsorb FSH and release it effectively in the presence of @entity32771 , a major interstitial protein. When a single intramuscular administration of the FSH and AH-gel mixture was performed to cattle, multiple follicular growth, ovulation and embryo production were induced. However, the treatments caused indurations at the administration sites in the muscle. To reduce the @entity121 , we investigated alternative administration routes and different amounts of @entity3775 in the gel. By administering the FSH in AH-gel subcutaneously rather than intramuscularly, the amount of @entity3775 in the gel could be reduced, thus reducing the size of the induration. Moreover, repeated administrations of FSH with AH-gel did not affect the superovulatory response. These results indicate that a single administration of FSH with AH-gel is an effective, novel and practical method for SOV treatment.

title: Superovulation with a single administration of FSH in XXXX gel: a novel superovulation method for cattle.

entities_list: @entity13923 :: ('MESH:D000536', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

answer: @entity13923 :: (MESH:D000536,Chemical) :: ['aluminum hydroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously, it has been shown that using a fixed ratio of FEV1/FVC of 0.7 to classify @entity1224 could not predict survival outcomes in @entity2 @entity1 undergoing thoracic surgery. We demonstrated that use of the lower limit of normal (LLN) of FEV1/FVC may allow better risk stratification for postoperative outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) @entity1 . Nevertheless, it remained unclear whether survival outcomes in this population could be predicted by LLN-defined @entity1224 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical relevance of LLN-defined @entity1224 to survival outcomes. METHODS: The clinical relevance of LLN-defined @entity1224 was analyzed and compared in 699 subjects, using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. A Cox regression model was used to explore prognostic risk factors. RESULTS: One hundred-and-seventy-eight subjects were assigned to the below-LLN group, in which airflow obstruction determined by the FEV1/FVC ratio was below the LLN. Five hundred-and-twenty-one subjects were assigned to the above-LLN group. The below-LLN group had a worse @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) than the above-LLN group. The diffusing capacity of the lung for @entity1223 and the ratio of the inspiratory capacity divided to the total lung capacity were independent risk factors for @entity1349 and DFS. CONCLUSIONS: A standardized assessment of LLN-defined @entity1224 may allow risk stratification for survival likelihood in @entity2 @entity1 who undergo thoracic surgery.

title: Clinical impact of the lower limit of normal of FEV1/FVC on survival in @entity2 XXXX undergoing thoracic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To analyze in severely @entity28 @entity1 the circadian expression of the clock genes @entity5394 , @entity8713 , and @entity26624 in explants from subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), in order to elucidate whether this circadian clockwork can oscillate accurately and independently of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and if glucocorticoid metabolism-related genes such as glucocorticoid receptor (hGr) and @entity11331 dehydrogenase 1 ( @entity26644 beta @entity26798 ) and the transcription factor @entity6864 ( @entity6864 ) are part of the clock controlled genes. @entity1386 biopsies were obtained from morbid @entity28 @entity1 (BMI > or =40 kg/m(2)) (n = 7). Anthropometric variables were measured and fasting plasma lipids and lipoprotein concentrations were analyzed. In order to carry out rhythmic expression analysis, @entity1386 explants were cultured during 24 h and gene expression was performed at the following times (T): 0, 6, 12, and 18 h, with quantitative real-time PCR. Clock genes oscillated accurately and independently of the SCN in @entity1386 explants. Their intrinsic oscillatory mechanism regulated the timing of other genes such as @entity6864 and glucocorticoid-related genes. Circadian patterns differed between VAT and SAT. Correlation analyses between the genetic circadian oscillation and components of the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) revealed that subjects with a higher sagittal diameter showed an increased circadian variability in @entity5394 expression (r = 0.91; P = 0.031) and @entity8713 (r = 0.90; P = 0.040). Data demonstrate the presence of peripheral circadian oscillators in @entity1 @entity1386 independently of the central circadian control mechanism. This knowledge paves the way for a better understanding of the circadian contribution to medical conditions such as @entity28 and @entity209 .

title: Circadian rhythm of clock genes in XXXX adipose explants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity11331 :: ('CHEBI:35346', 'Chemical') :: ['11beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma', 'hPPAR gamma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This article assesses the direct medical cost savings associated with therapeutic dosages of @entity1502 therapy compared with lower dosages in treating @entity432 ( @entity432 ). The savings accrue from elimination of invasive diagnostic measures or a number of surgical procedures received by @entity1 with @entity432 during hospital admissions. Findings are based on a secondary analysis of results presented in a previously published report of a population based historical cohort study. @entity1 in this study were severely enough afflicted by the disease that most were under the care of vascular specialists and many underwent surgery to restore normal blood flow. Costs are based on charges from Medicare expenditures in 4 US states in 1989. A case-mix adjustment procedure was applied and a sensitivity analysis was conducted on key assumptions and variables in the cost savings model. @entity1502 therapy reduced average hospital costs per @entity1 by  US1173 per year (1989 dollars). After further adjustment for the costs of outpatient visits, other related drugs and the drug acquisition cost, an overall saving of  US965 would still be realised with a @entity1 who received the full therapeutic dose of @entity1502 . Sensitivity analysis suggests total annual direct medical cost savings between  US69 and  US3090 per @entity1 . Hence, under the most plausible assumptions regarding choice of procedures, study design and @entity1 population, and considering the possibility that diagnostic and surgical costs are delayed but not prevented, @entity1502 therapy substantially reduces direct medical costs.

title: Medical cost savings from @entity1502 therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['chronic occlusive arterial disease', 'COAD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentoxifylline', 'pentoxifylline']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['chronic occlusive arterial disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Teamwork is important for @entity1 care and outcome in @entity341 . In rural areas, efficient communication between rural hospitals and regional @entity130 centers optimise decisions and treatment of @entity130 @entity1 . Little is known on potentials and effects of virtual team to team cooperation between rural and regional @entity130 teams. METHODS: We adapted a video conferencing (VC) system to the work process between multidisciplinary teams responsible for @entity130 as well as medical @entity341 between one rural and one regional (university) hospital. We studied how the teams cooperated during simulated critical scenarios, and compared VC with standard telephone communication. We used qualitative observations and interviews to evaluate results. RESULTS: The team members found VC to be a useful tool during @entity341 and for building "virtual emergency teams" across distant hospitals. Visual communication combined with visual @entity1 information is superior to information gained during ordinary telephone calls, but VC may also cause interruptions in the local teamwork. CONCLUSION: VC can improve clinical cooperation and decision processes in virtual teams during critical @entity1 care. Such team interaction requires thoughtful organisation, training, and new rules for communication.

title: Video conferencing versus telephone calls for team work across hospitals: a qualitative study on simulated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergencies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We developed an estimation equation of EuroQol EQ-5D index scores from the Healthy Days measures of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for use in @entity66 and cost-effectiveness studies in population subgroups. This study estimated EQ-5D scores, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) for the USA and the individual states. METHODS: We estimated the EQ-5D scores for respondents from the 2000-2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We calculated QALYs and QALE lost to morbidity due to @entity28 /overweight, smoking, low income and @entity102 . RESULTS: The mean EQ-5D score for US adults was 0.870. The mean scores ranged from 0.826 (West Virginia) to 0.902 (Hawaii). Smoking contributed from 5.6 (Utah) to 12.3 (Kentucky) percent, @entity28 /overweight 5.4 (South Dakota) to 13.8 (Louisiana) percent, low income 16.6 (Hawaii) to 39.9 (South Carolina) percent and @entity102 8.7 (Minnesota) to 22.9 (Tennessee) percent of explainable QALYs lost. These risks contributed the greatest proportion of explainable QALYs and QALE lost in Kentucky, Tennessee and South Carolina. CONCLUSIONS: We estimated the @entity66 contributed by selected risk factors. Currently, such data are unavailable but are needed to set targets for reducing modifiable health risks and eliminating health disparities among at-risk populations.

title: The statewide burden of @entity28 , smoking, low income and XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic diseases']


abstract: In the present paper, BA99 and AC88 were used as model compounds for intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to @entity35 . A major problem for the compounds, like many others newly developed pharmaceutical drugs, is the poor solubility in water. To solve solubility related problems, development of nanosuspensions is an attractive alternative. Both compounds are suitable for nanosuspensions, using the milling approach. After 2 weeks in freezer, the nanoparticles aggregated to form particles in the 400-2000 nm interval. However, following a 20 s ultrasonication step, the original particle sizes (about 200 nm) were obtained. Adding 5% @entity2656 before the samples were frozen @entity1423 . It is also possible to freeze-dry the nanosuspension in the presence of 5% @entity2656 and re-disperse the formulation in water. Nanosuspensions of both compounds were injected i.p. to @entity35 at 5 and 500   moL/kg. At the low dose, also a microsuspension was administered. I.p. administration resulted in overall improved C(max) for both AC88 and BA99 compared to s.c. and oral administration. I.p. is the preferred route of administration of tolerable drugs when a fast onset of action is desired and when a significant first passage metabolism occurs. The net charge of the active molecule appeared to affect the absorption kinetics. In the present work, the neutral molecule was favored over the negatively charged one.

title: Evaluation of exposure properties after injection of nanosuspensions and microsuspenions into the intraperitoneal space in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['abolished aggregation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UVB-induced DNA damage is a crucial event in UVB-mediated apoptosis. On the other hand, UVB directly activates death receptors on the cell surface including @entity1197 , implying that UVB-induced apoptosis can be initiated at the cell membrane through death receptor clustering. This study was performed to measure the relative contribution of nuclear and membrane effects in UVB-induced apoptosis of the @entity1 epithelial cell line HeLa. UVB-mediated DNA damage can be reduced by treating cells with liposomes containing the repair enzyme photolyase followed by exposure to photoreactivating light. Addition of photolyase followed by photoreactivation after UVB reduced the apoptosis rate significantly, whereas empty liposomes had no effect. Likewise, photoreactivating treatment did not affect apoptosis induced by the ligand of @entity1197 , @entity12 . UVB exposure at 4 degrees C, which prevents @entity1197 clustering, also reduced the apoptosis rate, but to a lesser extent. When cells were exposed to UVB at 4 degrees C and treated with photolyase plus photoreactivating light, UVB-induced apoptosis was almost completely prevented. Inhibition of @entity522 , a downstream protease in the @entity1197 signaling pathway, blocked both @entity12 and UVB-induced apoptosis, whereas blockage of @entity8186 , the most proximal caspase, inhibited @entity12 -mediated apoptosis completely, but UVB-induced apoptosis only partially. Although according to these data nuclear effects seem to be slightly more effective in mediating UVB-induced apoptosis than membrane events, both are necessary for the complete apoptotic response. Thus, this study shows that nuclear and membrane effects are not mutually exclusive and that both components contribute independently to a complete response to UVB.

title: Nuclear and cell membrane effects contribute independently to the induction of apoptosis in XXXX cells exposed to UVB radiation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been proved that the chemotherapy respouse was related to the expression levels of @entity5 genes in @entity2 . The aim of this study was to explor the relationship of @entity11833 , @entity4736 expression and the benefits from postoperative @entity900 combined with @entity136 (GP) chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: All 57 postoperative @entity1 with stage II-IV @entity1149 were entered into the study, and 39 cases of @entity1 were at least received 2 cycles of @entity900 combind with @entity136 chemotherapy, 18 cases with no chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was performed in paraffin-embedded @entity5 specimens to investigate @entity11833 , @entity4736 expression. Cox proportional regression analysis was used to screen independent prognostic risk factors for survival. Comparisons of the median survival time among groups were based on Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Cox regression analyses showed that the extent of @entity5 resection, chemotherapy after surgical resection and expressions of @entity11833 were independent prognostic factors. In the group of high expression of @entity11833 , the median survival time of postoperative chemotherapy @entity1 and control were 42 and 12 months respectively (P =0.018). In the group with low expression of @entity11833 , the median survival time of postoperative chemotherapy @entity1 and control were 23 and 21 months respectively (P =0.088). However, In the group of high expression of @entity4736 , the median survival time of postoperative chemotherapy @entity1 and control were 28 and 21 months respectively (P =0.092). In the group with low expression of @entity4736 , the median survival time of postoperative chemotherapy @entity1 and control were 42 and 22 months respectively (P =0.010). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1149 @entity1 with high expression of @entity11833 and low expression of @entity4736 get more probablely benefits from postoperative @entity900 combine @entity136 chemotherapy.

title: [Effects of Expression of @entity11833 , @entity4736 on Survival Trend of Lung Cancer with XXXX Combine @entity136 Chemotherapy after Surgical Resection.].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: AIM: To report our experience of the use of @entity8947 in various phases of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). METHODS: Ten @entity1 in various phases of @entity1860 , not responding to @entity2213 and started on @entity8947 , were included and analyzed. The baseline characteristics of the @entity1 and their salient features including the duration and response to initial therapy as well as to @entity8947 , were noted. RESULTS: Before starting @entity8947 three @entity1 were in chronic phase of @entity1860 while seven others were in the progressive phase (accelerated and blast phase) of @entity1860 . Half the @entity1 developed transient grade 3 and 4 @entity137 to @entity8947 . Overall, the tolerability of the drug in all 10 @entity1 was acceptable and none discontinued treatment. Three @entity1 died due to progressive disease while the remaining seven are continuing the drug with the disease still under cytogenetic or hematological remission. Of the 10 @entity1 , seven achieved complete hematological response and two of the accelerated phase/blast crisis @entity1 achieved complete cytogenetic response. Overall, @entity8947 was able to control disease for a median of 20.6 months. CONCLUSION: Despite small sample size and insufficient information on mutational analysis, @entity8947 is effective in @entity1860 in India. Cost limits the use of second-generation @entity669 kinase inhibitors in India. Our observation is not suitable for survival analysis but the difference made by @entity8947 in progressive disease and its tolerability needs to be acknowledged.

title: @entity8947 in XXXX : a limited Indian experience.

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: The present study was to test if different ratios of fish meal to soy cake as protein supplements in the diet are not significantly different in effects on feed intakes and performance of growing beef @entity291 fed @entity1133 -treated @entity579 straw (URTRS) as basal diet under local conditions in North Vietnam. Thirty-six male @entity291 of Laisind (50% local Yellow @entity291 and 50% Sindhi, both @entity7040 ) at around 12 months of age with an average live weight of 124    12 kg at start were used in six groups of the experiment. Six diets named A, B, C, D, E, and F used in the experiment were similar in @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) level, except for diet A with no supplementation, but different in fish meal/soy cake ratio based on @entity1131 content as follows: diet A 0/0, diet B 100/0, diet C 75/25, diet D 50/50, diet E 25/75, and diet F 0/100. Following a 4-week adaptation period, a comparison period lasted 24 weeks. The total intakes of @entity62 ( @entity62 ), @entity62 from roughage, metabolizable energy (ME), and @entity1131 were 6, 7, 6, and 20% higher in diets B-F than diet A with P values  <= 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, and 0.001, respectively. The average daily gain ( @entity7156 ) was 50% higher (P<0.001) in diets B-F than that in diet A. Compared to diet A, diets B-F had lower feed conversion ratio ( @entity35258 ) @entity62 , FCRME, and FCRCP by 30, 20, and 30%, respectively (all at P<0.001). There were no significant differences between diets B-F in the intakes, FCRs, and @entity7156 . The apparent digestibility of @entity1131 was 12 to 24% higher (P<0.001) in diets B-F than that in diet A. There was a tendency that the apparent digestibilities of @entity62 , @entity1131 , and @entity1577 were increasing with increasing level of soy cake in this study. The ratio of fish meal to soy cake did not significantly affect feed intakes, @entity7156 , @entity35258 , and apparent nutrient digestibilities of the @entity291 . Soy cake can therefore be used to partially or fully replace fish meal as a protein supplement in the diet of growing beef @entity291 fed URTRS without any negative effects on animal performance.

title: Effects of replacing fish meal with soy cake in a diet based on XXXX -treated @entity579 straw on performance of growing Laisind beef @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'crude protein']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity1133 :: (MESH:D014508,Chemical) :: ['urea']


abstract: Net changes in the concentrations of 18 @entity1522 in perfusate and skeletal muscle were followed during perfusion of hemicorpus preparations from fed @entity35 . Perfusate levels of 16 @entity1522 showed little change from their initial concentrations during the 1st h, but increased dramatically during the 2nd and 3rd h. @entity492 and @entity2227 levels decreased continuously throughout the perfusion. Release of @entity493 and @entity1160 accounted for approximately 50% of the total change in perfusate @entity1522 . The increase in perfusate @entity1522 was derived from net breakdown of muscle proteins and not from leakage from the intracellular pool as evidenced by elevated concentrations of intracellular @entity1522 in perfused muscle. Addition of insulin to the perfusate did not change the pattern of @entity535 release during the 1st h of perfusion. However, during the 2nd and 3rd h the hormone completely prevented the net release of most @entity1522 and maintained intracellular concentrations of most @entity1522 at levels found in upperfused tissue. Effects of time of perfusion and insulin on @entity535 release were accounted for by changes in the rate of protein turnover. Protein synthesis in gastrocemius and psoas muscles in control perfusions decreased after 1 h to approximately 50% of the initial rate. This decrease was accompanied by a 2-fold increase in the level of ribosomal subunits, indicating development of a block in peptide chain initiation. Addition of insulin maintained the initial rate of synthesis and the in vivo level of ribosomal subunits, demonstrating that the hormone prevented the block in peptide chain initiation from forming. Addition of insulin after 2 h reversed the perfusion-induced block in initiation. Synthesis of the specific muscle protein myosin was increased 45% over the control rate in the presence of insulin. Insulin also produced a 50% decrease in the rate of protein degradation during the 2nd and 3rd h of perfusion. A similar effect was noted when protein synthesis was inhibited by addition of @entity1880 . Higher concentrations of insulin were required to maximally inhibit protein degradation than to increase protein synthesis. Involvement of lysosomal proteases in the effect of insulin on protein degradation was evaluated by measuring @entity12827 activity in psoas muscle homogenates. "Free" enzyme activity increased as a result of perfusion while addition of insulin maintained this activity at the unperfused level. Neither perfusion nor insulin had any effect on total @entity12827 activity. Alterations in protein degradation and lysosomal enzyme activity were not due to changes in levels of @entity3211 , @entity3007 , or @entity1734 .

title: Regulation by insulin of @entity535 release and protein turnover in the perfused XXXX hemicorpus.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity3211 :: ('MESH:D000227', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotides']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the expression of @entity4412 ( @entity4412 ) channels in @entity1184 hearts from @entity19 showing overexpression of the catalytic subunit alpha of protein phosphatase 2A alpha (PP2Ac alpha) with wild-type @entity19 and with @entity4412 -/- @entity19 . Transcripts of @entity4412 , @entity1235 ( @entity1235 ), @entity25912 ( @entity25912 ), @entity14662 (ANP), @entity7006 , and regulatory microRNA ( @entity766 ) were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Ventricle-to-body-weight-ratio was significantly higher in PP2Ac alpha @entity19 compared to wild-type @entity19 and @entity4412 -/- @entity19 (8.6  1.3mg/g; 5.4  0.3mg/g; and 5.4  0.4mg/g; respectively; p<0.05 by Kruskal-Wallis test). @entity4412 transcripts were significantly higher in PP2Ac alpha @entity19 compared to wild-type @entity19 (1.7  0.2 arbitrary units vs. 0.8  0.1 arbitrary units; p<0.05). @entity4412 protein expression was also significantly higher in PP2Ac alpha @entity19 compared to wild-type @entity19 . A significant linear correlation was observed between @entity4412 transcripts and the ventricle-to-body-weight-ratio (Spearman r=0.78; p<0.05). The expression of @entity25912 was significantly higher in PP2Ac alpha @entity19 compared to wild-type @entity19 and @entity4412 knockout @entity19 . The expression of @entity766 was significantly higher in PP2Ac alpha @entity19 compared with @entity4412 -/- @entity19 (0.103  0.018 (PP2Ac alpha @entity19 ); 0.089  0.009 (wild-type @entity19 ); and 0.045  0.013 ( @entity4412 -/- @entity19 ), respectively; p<0.05). Masson Goldner staining revealed that PP2Ac alpha @entity19 showed increased heart @entity82 compared with @entity4412 knockout @entity19 . The study suggests an important role of @entity4412 in the pathogenesis of genetically associated @entity1283 .

title: Increased XXXX ( @entity4412 ) channel expression in @entity1283 .

entities_list: @entity14662 :: ('230899(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4412 :: ('193034(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TRPV1', 'transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['heart hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1235 :: ('17395(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 9', 'MMP9']

entities_list: @entity25912 :: ('18214(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['DDR-2', 'discoidin domain receptor family, member 2']

answer: @entity4412 :: (193034(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In @entity1 , trefoil peptides (TFF peptides) and some mucins have been reported to be expressed in a cell-specific manner at mucosal surfaces of normal gastrointestinal tissues. Neoplastic conditions cause characteristic changes of these expression patterns. To study such patterns in @entity355 and @entity957 (SCC), the distribution of @entity2355 , @entity5091 , @entity5089 and the three TFF peptides ( @entity3559 , @entity3560 and @entity3561 ) was investigated. METHODS: In 40 archival samples of SCC and in 21 samples of Barret's metaplasia, expression of the three mucins and two TFF peptides ( @entity3559 and @entity3560 ) was assessed by specific antibodies. Reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT-PCR) was performed on frozen tissue samples from the 11 biopsies of SCC for the three TFF peptides. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical tests for @entity5091 and @entity3560 were negative both in samples of Barret's metaplasia and in SCC. @entity2355 expression was detected in 57.5% of the @entity5 samples, while @entity3559 and @entity5089 were found in 10% and 7.5% of the cases respectively. In @entity355 @entity2355 was detected in 90.5% of the cases and @entity3559 and @entity5089 in all of them. RT-PCR analysis revealed a more complex pattern: @entity3559 and @entity3561 expressed the corresponding mRNA in all samples investigated; the third member, @entity3560 , was active in 45.5% of the @entity189 biopsies and not in the corresponding native tissue. CONCLUSIONS: This finding in @entity189 contrasts with the situation found in normal and neoplastic stomach epithelium where @entity3559 and @entity3560 are found co-expressed and @entity3561 remains silent. Interestingly, @entity2355 is expressed in a significant proportion of SCC. Both in Barett's metaplasia and in SCC the expression of @entity5089 mirrors the @entity3559 synthesis in intensity and spatial distribution.

title: Differential expression of mucins and trefoil peptides in native epithelium, XXXX and @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's metaplasia"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'oesophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's metaplasia']


abstract: Syntaxin 1 has been shown to play an outstanding role in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Two isoforms of this protein are expressed in neurons, @entity30406 . However, the physiological significance of the occurrence of such closely related isoforms is not still understood. Here, by means of isoform-specific immunocytochemistry, we show that @entity30406 display different patterns of expression in the @entity35 peripheral nervous system. Nerve terminals of sensory neurons reaching the spinal cord were clearly enriched in immunoreactive @entity22972 . Both isoforms were detected in cell bodies of sensory neurons at the dorsal root ganglia, although specific immunolabelling displayed very different patterns at the cellular level. Motor endplates and muscle spindles were only immunostained for @entity30407 . @entity22972 was mainly associated with nerve fibres reaching small blood vessels. In addition, nerve @entity3002 showed immunostaining for both syntaxin isoforms. The different distribution pattern of the two neuronal syntaxin isoforms in the @entity35 peripheral nervous system could be related to isoform-specific biochemical properties involved in the exocytotic process.

title: @entity30406 display distinct distribution patterns in the XXXX peripheral nervous system.

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['plexuses of the enteric nervous system']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim of the study was to elucidate the distribution and possible transmission routes of Toxocara spp. @entity281 . Out of 454 faecal and sand samples collected from park lawns and sandpits in the town of Tartu, 19 were Toxocara positive (4.2%). Out of the 45 sandpit samples 17.8% were Toxocara positive. Cat faeces was found in 21 sandpit samples. Parasitological necropsies were performed on 41 euthanised stray @entity235 and 27 @entity468 in the Tallinn @entity235 Home. Additionally, 13 wild free-roaming @entity35 ( @entity35 ) were captured from the Tallinn @entity235 Home territory, necropsied and studied for the presence of Toxocara larvae. @entity5603 adults were found in 14.6% of the @entity235 and @entity9157 (syn. mystax) adults in the small intestines of 48.2% of the @entity468 examined. @entity281 was detected in the kidney and liver in 5 @entity235 (12.2%). Our study demonstrated only low-level larval Toxocara @entity281 in adult @entity235 . Toxocara larvae were not found in @entity468 and @entity35 . According to the results of this study, @entity468 more often carry @entity281 than @entity235 . Under our conditions, stray and free-roaming @entity468 are the main contaminators of the environment with Toxocara eggs. @entity1 playing in sandpits are the main risk group for larval toxocarosis.

title: Distribution of XXXX in the environment and in definitive and paratenic hosts in Estonia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity9157 :: ('6266', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara cati']

entities_list: @entity5603 :: ('6265', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara canis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Larval infection', 'infection in Estonia', 'infections', 'Toxocara infection']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['brown rats', 'Rattus norvegicus']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Toxocara infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: National data find glycemic control is within target (A1c<7.0%) for 37% of @entity1 with @entity6 , and only 7% meet recommended glycemic, lipid, and blood pressure goals. OBJECTIVES: To compare active interventions and usual care for @entity413 control in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) among @entity1 with @entity6 cared for by primary care physicians (PCPs) over the course of 1 year. METHODS: Physician practices (n=36) in 4 geographic areas are randomly assigned to 1 of 4 study groups. The intervention is a @entity6 communication system, using mobile phones and @entity1 /physician portals to allow @entity1 -specific treatment and communication. All physicians receive American @entity6 Association (ADA) Guidelines for @entity6 care. @entity1 with poor @entity6 control (A1c> or =7.5%) at baseline (n=260) are enrolled in study groups based on PCP randomization. All study @entity1 receive blood @entity413 (BG) meters and a year's supply of testing materials. @entity1 in three treatment groups select one of two mobile phone models, receive one-year unlimited mobile phone data and service plan, register on the web-based individual @entity1 portal and receive study treatment phone software based on study assignment. Control group @entity1 receive usual care from their PCP. The primary outcome is mean change in A1c over a 12-month intervention period. CONCLUSION: Traditional methods of disease management have not achieved adequate control for BG and other conditions important to @entity1 with @entity6 . Tools to improve communication between @entity1 and PCPs may improve @entity1 outcomes and be satisfactory to @entity1 and physicians. This RCT is ongoing.

title: Mobile XXXX intervention study: testing a personalized treatment/behavioral communication intervention for blood @entity413 control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Immunoglobulin A @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) is now recognized as the most common form of primary @entity631 worldwide and is the major cause of @entity454 . As reported, the renal survival rate is 61% at 20 years and the renal prognosis of this disease is relatively poor on long-term observation, hence various protocols have been attempted to control this disease. At Iizuka Hospital, a prospective study of tonsillectomy with @entity1667 pulse therapy was performed for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity8 from August 2002. We reviewed the clinical efficacy of our protocol. From August 2002 to July 2006, 31 @entity1 whose @entity8 was demonstrated by percutaneous renal biopsy were administered our regimen. In our study, 12 @entity1 had an observation period of more than 24 months. Our protocol consisted of tonsillectomy with one course of @entity1667 pulse therapy. @entity1667 at the daily dose of 1,000 mg for 3 consecutive days followed by oral @entity134 at the daily dose of 20 mg, was gradually tapered, and discontinued one year later. All of the @entity1 were administered angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers with favorable control of @entity101 . The mean observation period for the 12 @entity1 with @entity8 was 37.4 months. The mean age at renal biopsy was 34.8 +/- 12.2 years. The male-female ratio was 3:9. At the renal biopsy in our hospital, mean @entity1011 value was 0.95 +/- 0.38 mg/dL, mean @entity1011 clearance was 92.1 +/- 34.9 mL/min, and the mean urinary protein and urinary @entity1011 ratio was 3.52 +/- 4.36. After 24 months, mean @entity1011 value was 1.03 +/- 0.59 mg/dL, mean @entity1011 clearance was 91.2 +/- 42.3 mL/min, and the mean urinary protein and urinary @entity1011 ratio was 0.83 +/- 0.98. Urinary protein and urine occult blood became negative in 66.7% of @entity1 , and the urinary remission rate was 58.3%. On our protocol, mean length of the hospital stay was 11.4 +/- 4.7 days. Our prospective study showed that tonsillectomy with one course of @entity1667 pulse therapy in @entity8 appears to be beneficial for urinary remission and contributes to a short hospital stay.

title: [Clinical evaluation of tonsillectomy with modified high-dose intravenous @entity1667 therapy in XXXX with @entity8 ].

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'IgA nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This goal of this study was to understand the patterns of @entity5785 ( @entity5785 ) in @entity1277 . As such, this study compared EE among families of adolescents with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ), @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ), and a @entity146 control group, @entity308 ( @entity308 ). This study also examined the influence of family status (intact vs. nonintact) and the presence of siblings on EE. METHODS: Two-hundred and fifteen adolescents (ages 12-19) and their families were recruited for this study including 121 adolescents with @entity1278 , 54 adolescents with @entity1279 , and 40 adolescents with @entity308 . Adolescents with at least one parent completed the Standardized Clinical Family Interview. Adolescents completed structured diagnostic interviews to assess eligibility for the study, as well as a standardized questionnaire to assess @entity308 . RESULTS: Analyses revealed that fathers showed higher levels of critical comments to adolescents with @entity1279 or @entity308 than those with @entity1278 , whereas mothers made more critical comments toward @entity1 with @entity1279 . Mothers made the least number of positive remarks toward @entity1 with @entity308 . In terms of the influence of family status, fathers from intact families showed more expressions of warmth and were less critical than fathers from nonintact families, whereas mothers from intact families were less critical but also made fewer positive remarks than mothers from nonintact families. The presence of siblings appeared to reduce mothers' expression of warmth and emotional overinvolvement. CONCLUSIONS: Unique patterns of EE were found to characterize @entity1278 , @entity1279 , and @entity308 . Family status and the presence of siblings exert an influence on EE that should be taken into consideration in future research.

title: Patterns of XXXX in @entity1277 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['EEs', 'expressed emotions']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

answer: @entity5785 :: (MESH:D001039,Disease) :: ['expressed emotion']


abstract: Camptothecins kill @entity1 cells by stabilizing topoisomerase I-DNA strand passing intermediates that are converted to lethal double strand DNA breaks in DNA replication fork collisions. @entity9800 -stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavage intermediates in @entity1 cells are uniquely modified by ubiquitin-family proteins. The structure, composition, and function of these ubiquitin-family modifications are poorly understood. We have used capillary liquid chromatography-nanospray tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the endogenous ubiquitin-family modifications of topoisomerase I purified from @entity9800 -stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavage complexes in @entity1 @entity0 cells. Peptides shared by @entity16927 and @entity29702 were abundant, and a peptide unique to @entity16927 was identified. Ubiquitin was also identified in these complexes. No @entity16926 peptide was detected in @entity1 topoisomerase I-DNA cleavage complexes. Identical experiments with purified SUMO paralogues showed that @entity16926 was well digested by our protocol and that fragments were easily analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Spiking experiments with purified SUMO paralogues determined that we could detect as little as 0.5 @entity16926 residue per topoisomerase I molecule. These results indicate that @entity16926 is below this detection level and that @entity16927 or a mixture of @entity16927 and @entity29702 predominates. @entity16926 capping seems unlikely to be limiting the growth of @entity32557 chains formed on @entity9800 -stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavage complexes.

title: Ubiquitin-family modifications of topoisomerase I in XXXX -treated @entity1 @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin', 'Camptothecin']

answer: @entity9800 :: (MESH:D002166,Chemical) :: ['camptothecin']


abstract: 1. The @entity934 ( @entity1617 )-releasing system in the cerebral cortex of pentobarbital anaesthetized @entity468 was investigated by examining the effect of graded afferent volleys in forelimb nerves on @entity1617 release from the sensorimotor cortices contralateral and ipsilateral to the site of stimulation. 2. Cortical @entity1617 release was determined by bio-assay of @entity1339 -containing perfusates which had been in contact with the cortical surfaces for 5-10 min periods. 3. Afferent volleys, generated by stimuli that were effective in activating as many fibres of a fibre group as possible without stimulating fibres in the group with the next highest threshold for activation, were monitored from dorsal roots C7 or C8 before entering the spinal cord. 4. Stimulation of the deep (DR) and superficial (SR) radial nerves and the radial (R) nerve proximal to the junction of the DR and SR were effective in enhancing @entity1617 release only when either group III or groups III and IV fibres were included in the afferent volley. 5. The rates of @entity1617 release from the primary receiving area of the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the site of stimulation did not differ from those from the same area of the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex. 6. The pertinence of this data to the various hypotheses concerning the nature of the @entity1617 -releasing pathways to the cerebral cortex is discussed.

title: The effects of graded forelimb afferent volleys on XXXX release from cat sensorimotor cortex.

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare early @entity282 and visual outcomes after conventional epithelial laser in situ keratomileusis and lamellar epithelial debridement (LED) procedures used to treat @entity1714 . METHODS: Prospective bilateral comparison between conventional epithelial laser in situ keratomileusis, in which the epithelial flap was repositioned, and LED, in which the epithelial sheet was removed, was designed. Eighteen @entity1 were included. The Amadeus II Epi-Keratome (Advanced Medical Optics, Santa Ana, CA) and the Zywave Z100 instrument (Bausch _ Lomb, Rochester, NY) were used in both groups. Therapeutic contact lenses (Focus 1-2 Week; CIBA Vision, Duluth, GA) were applied. To control @entity282 , Durogesic D-trans patches 12 mug/h (Janssen Pharmaceutica, Piscataway, NJ) were prescribed. During the early postoperative period, @entity158 , uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and time of epithelial healing were recorded. Late visual outcomes including UCVA and corneal haze were examined during follow-up over 6 months. RESULTS: The @entity158 score at the fourth postoperative day was significantly lower in the LED group compared with the conventional group (P < 0.05). The UCVA in the LED group was significantly better than that in the conventional group during the early postoperative period. Mean epithelial healing time was significantly longer in the conventional group (5.33 +/- 2.03 days) than that in the LED group (3.56 +/- 0.86 days). There was no between-group difference in corneal haze development or UCVA during the 6-month follow-up period. CONCLUSION: @entity1 in the LED group experienced less postoperative @entity158 , and quicker visual recovery during the early postoperative period, compared with those the conventional group.

title: Bilateral comparison of conventional epithelial laser in situ keratomileusis and lamellar epithelial debridement for moderate to high XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain, faster corneal healing']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The 27-kDa @entity1457 protein ( @entity23312 ) has been implicated in wound healing in multiple tissues. We investigated the expression and localization of phosphorylated @entity23312 during epithelial wound healing in the @entity19 @entity267 . METHODS: Corneas of 8- to 10-week-old C57BL6 @entity19 were wounded by epithelial debridement (n = 40). Unwounded corneas served as controls (n = 3). After 3, 7, and 14 days, phosphorylated @entity23312 localization in wounded corneas was observed by confocal immunohistochemistry and double immunogold labeling transmission immunoelectron microscopy. Western blot analysis was performed to determine expression levels of phosphorylated @entity23312 in scraped epithelia. Phosphorylated @entity23312 localization was also separately performed with confocal immunohistochemistry 8 hours after epithelial debridement to investigate the early epithelial wound-healing process. RESULTS: In unwounded corneas, phosphorylated @entity23312 was localized only to the superficial epithelium. In contrast, phosphorylated @entity23312 was localized in the basal and superficial epithelia 3 days after corneal epithelial wounding. After 7 and 14 days, @entity23312 localization was similar to that in unwounded controls. Expression levels of phosphorylated @entity23312 were greater in wounded corneal epithelia on day 3 than in unwounded controls and on day 14. After 8 hours, phosphorylated @entity23312 expression was prominent in the leading edge of migrating corneal epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Constitutive expression of phosphorylated @entity23312 is limited to the superficial corneal epithelium in unwounded @entity19 corneas. Changes in @entity23312 epithelial distribution and expression levels after corneal epithelial wounding suggest that phosphorylated @entity23312 plays a role in early phase of @entity1616 .

title: Expression of phosphorylated @entity1457 protein 27 during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity1616 :: ('MESH:C536444', 'Disease') :: ['corneal epithelial wound healing']

answer: @entity1616 :: (MESH:C536444,Disease) :: ['corneal epithelial wound healing']