abstract: We present a case left @entity547 and review the literature. The @entity1 was a 14 years old male and had suffered periods of relapses into @entity490 from the age of three. When for years old he was operated on using the Nisses technique. Also a laparoscopy had already been performed on this same @entity1 when he was 13 years old, without discovering any pathological conditions. In a new upper gastrointestinal serie, realized one year later, a retroperitoneal incarceration and a paraduodenal loop of jejunum was observed, which obstructed, partially the second part of the duodenum. We have not found the anatomical characteristics of this case in any previous report. In the ample literature pressured, it was confirmed that almost all the clinical cases, previously published had suffered a relapse @entity490 crisis, diagnosed in advanced states and in/or emergency situations. This produces a mortality rate higher than 20% and or irreparable digestive damage. In cases involving @entity547 , there exists a low rate of diagnostic suspicion. These delays and @entity2246 cause irreparable damage. In those @entity1 who suffer relapses into @entity490 , one should always include the differential diagnosis of PMH, applying a complete gastrointestinal serie or a CT-Scan with contrast.

title: [Left XXXX with retroperitoneal incarceration of jejunum].

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['diagnostic errors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['paraduodenal hernias', 'paramesocolic hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['paramesocolic hernia']


abstract: The potential of a novel class of prebiotics, arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), was investigated on growth performance and gut microbiota of juvenile @entity30721 . Two independent feeding trials of 10 or 12 weeks were performed with basal diets supplemented with 2% or 4% AXOS-32-0.30 (trial 1) and 2% AXOS-32-0.30 or AXOS-3-0.25 (trial 2), respectively. Growth performance was improved by feeding 2% AXOS-32-0.30 in both trials, although not significantly. Microbial community profiles were determined using 454-pyrosequencing with barcoded primers targeting the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. AXOS significantly affected the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum, family, genus and species level. The consumption of 2% AXOS-32-0.30 increased the relative abundance of Eubacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae, while the abundance of Bacillaceae was greater in response to 4% AXOS-32-0.30 and 2% AXOS-3-0.25. The abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and @entity7878 was greater after 2% AXOS-32-0.30 intake. Redundancy analysis showed a distinct and significant clustering of the gut microbiota of individuals consuming an AXOS diet. In both trials, concentration of @entity598 , @entity4876 and total @entity22780 (SCFAs) increased in fish fed 2% AXOS-32-0.30. Our data demonstrate a shift in the hindgut microbiome of fish consuming different preparation of AXOS, with potential application as prebiotics.

title: Prebiotic effects of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides on juvenile XXXX ( @entity30721 ) with emphasis on the modulation of the gut microbiota using 454 pyrosequencing.

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity22780 :: ('MESH:D005232', 'Chemical') :: ['short-chain fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity30721 :: ('27689', 'Species') :: ['Acipenser baerii']

answer: @entity30721 :: (27689,Species) :: ['Siberian sturgeon']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVS: A continuous interscalene nerve block with a perineural infusion of @entity1342 0.2% at 8 mL/h has been shown to provide potent @entity1337 following moderately @entity158 shoulder surgery. However, this high basal rate limits infusion duration for ambulatory @entity1 who must carry the local anesthetic reservoir. We undertook this investigation to determine if the basal rate of an interscalene perineural @entity1342 infusion could be decreased by 50% with a concurrent 200% increase in @entity1 -controlled bolus dose without compromising infusion benefits in ambulatory @entity1 undergoing moderately @entity158 orthopedic shoulder surgery. METHODS: Preoperatively, @entity1 (n = 24) received an interscalene perineural catheter and nerve block. Intraoperatively, @entity1 received a standardized general anesthetic. Postoperatively, @entity1 were discharged home with a portable infusion pump delivering @entity1342 0.2% (500 mL reservoir) with a basal rate of 8 mL/h and a 2 mL @entity1 -controlled bolus available each hour ("8/2" group, n = 12) or a 4 mL/h basal rate and 6 mL bolus dose ("4/6" group, n = 12), delivered in a randomized, double-blinded manner. RESULTS: @entity1 in the 4/6 group had higher baseline @entity158 scores only on postoperative day (POD) 2 (P =.011). However, these @entity1 also experienced an increase in breakthrough @entity158 incidence (5.8 boluses/d v 3.2, P =.035) and intensity ("worst" @entity158 = 8/10 v 4/10, P <.05), @entity25 (2.0 v 0.0, P <.001), and a decrease in @entity1337 satisfaction (8 v 10, P =.003). @entity1 in the 8/2 group exhausted their local anesthetic reservoirs after a median of 61 hours, while the 4/6 group had a median of 131 mL remaining at infusion discontinuation after a median of 75 hours (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Following moderately @entity158 ambulatory shoulder surgery, decreasing an interscalene perineural @entity1342 0.2% basal rate from 8 to 4 mL/h provides similar baseline @entity1337 and lengthens infusion duration, but compromises other infusion benefits.

title: Interscalene perineural @entity1342 infusion:a comparison of two dosing regimens for postoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: The @entity204 rate from @entity43 has only slightly decreased in the past decade. In contrast, there have been dramatic improvements in the treatment of @entity2971 of the ovary and the majority of @entity1 even with advanced disease is now cured because of the development of effective @entity902 -based combination chemotherapy. Unfortunately, most @entity1 with @entity43 have the epithelial histologic type, and only one third of these @entity1 can be cured with standard approaches. It has recently been shown that a subset of @entity1 with @entity43 has a greater than 90% cure rate without chemotherapy. Consequently, a major focus of current research is to develop effective screening modalities in order to diagnose @entity5 when they are still confined to the ovaries and pelvis. Currently, three fourths of @entity1 are diagnosed at the time the disease has spread throughout the peritoneal cavity, and the standard approach has been cytoreductive surgery followed by combination chemotherapy. The two-drug combination of @entity3003 plus @entity786 has now become the treatment of choice, although it is equally effective as and less toxic than a regimen of @entity900 plus @entity786 . In addition, @entity1311 has been identified as an extremely active agent against this disease, and new @entity1311 -containing combinations are under clinical investigation. Clinical trials are also in progress with @entity11558 and @entity1260 combinations as well as with more dose-intense regimens based on considerable retrospective evidence that survival is correlated with the dose intensity of @entity902 compounds. New agents such as @entity8503 , @entity2772 , and @entity1192 are undergoing clinical evaluation to determine whether the @entity137 of @entity902 compounds can be decreased and lead to further exploitation of the dose response relationship. After induction chemotherapy, approximately 50% of @entity1 will be in a clinical complete remission. Unfortunately, 30% to 50% of these @entity1 will have recurrent disease; clinical trials are currently in progress to determine whether any form of therapy following the initial induction regimen can prevent or delay recurrences. Based on laboratory investigations in relevant models of @entity1 @entity43 , clinical trials are also in progress with novel new agents that may be capable of reversing drug resistance to @entity902 compounds and alkylating agents. For @entity1 with @entity2971 of the ovary, @entity902 -based combination chemotherapy has produced the same dramatic effects as in @entity5 . Clinical trials are now focused on retaining therapeutic efficacy but decreasing the @entity137 of treatment in these @entity5 that frequently affect @entity1 in their reproductive ages.

title: XXXX , Part II: Treatment.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer', 'early stage ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumors', 'tumors', 'testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity11558 :: ('MESH:D006585', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethylmelamine']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian cancer']


abstract: This report details the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical findings identified in 21 cases of a @entity362 from acral sites that is frequently misdiagnosed as a fibromatous (nonlipogenic) process. The study includes 12 males and 9 females; aged 7 to 72 (mean and median, 39). The @entity1 presented with solitary, mostly asymptomatic, masses that ranged from 0.6 to 2.2 (median, 1.2; mean, 1.3) cm and involved fingers (n=17), hands or wrists (n=3), and toes (n=1). Microscopically, the lesions were well-circumscribed nodules that showed very low to moderately low cellularity and consisted of cytologically bland spindled and stellate-shaped cells and a minor component of randomly dispersed adipocytes embedded in a collagenous to myxocollagenous stroma. Eight @entity5 were " @entity81 -like" owing to their paucity of spindled cells, dense fibrosclerotic stroma, and inconspicuous vasculature. One @entity5 showed features of @entity362 , whereas another demonstrated a vague onion skin-like arrangement of collagen reminiscent of sclerotic (storiform) @entity81 . In all cases, the mitotic activity was negligible. @entity5 cells were immunoreactive for @entity3778 (6 of 6 cases), @entity2280 (6 of 8), S-100 protein (4 of 7), and smooth muscle actin (2 of 6). Follow-up data on 8 @entity1 (range, 1 to 20 years; median, 9.5 years) revealed no recurrence in 6, but indicated the possibility of persistent @entity5 in the remaining 2 individuals after simple excision. Despite histological overlap in 1 case with the @entity81 , no @entity1 displayed definitive clinical features of @entity1050 . Our study indicates that @entity362 demonstrate a broader histological scope than what was initially described.

title: Sclerotic ( @entity81 -like) @entity362 : a distinctive XXXX variant with a predilection for the distal extremities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosclerotic variant of lipoma', 'fibrosclerotic lipomas', 'spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Nonlipogenic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ['Cowden syndrome']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma', 'sclerotic fibroma']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['lipoma']


abstract: The authors summarize the results of surgical treatment of @entity1498 in 98 @entity1 . Te group comprised 70 @entity1 aged 3 to 15 years and 28 adults. The most frequently used technique was resection of the @entity1498 with a direct end-to-end @entity254 . It was used in a total of 83 @entity1 . Three @entity1 died, i. e. 3.1%. Of 32 @entity1 who were invited for a check-up examination 16 came. Three of them had undergone a plastic operation with a dacron patch. All were subjected to angiographic examination in a lateral projection by injection of the contrast substance into the aortal arch and pressure readings were taken in the aorta above and below the site of @entity254 . Residual gradients were found in three @entity1 (10, 12, 20 torr). @entity101 persists in 6 @entity1 . In four @entity1 slight stenosis of the aorta was found without a gradient, in one @entity1 a small @entity2849 . None of the findings called for further surgical intervention.

title: [Results of surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs are able to modulate gene expression in a range of diseases. We focused on microRNAs as potential contributors to the pathogenesis of ascending aorta (AA) dilatation in @entity1 with stenotic tricuspid ( @entity16491 ) or @entity4503 ( @entity4503 ). Aortic specimens were collected from the 'concavity' and the 'convexity' of mildly dilated AAs and of normal AAs from heart transplant donors. Aortic RNA was analyzed through PCR arrays, profiling the expression of 84 microRNAs involved in @entity65 . An in silico analysis identified the potential microRNA-mRNA interactions and the enriched KEGG pathways potentially affected by microRNA changes in dilated AAs. Distinct signatures of differentially expressed microRNAs are evident in @entity16491 and @entity4503 @entity1 vs. donors, as well as differences between aortic concavity and convexity in @entity1 only. MicroRNA changes suggest a switch of @entity9976 phenotype, with particular reference to @entity16491 concavity. MicroRNA changes potentially affecting mechanotransduction pathways exhibit a higher prevalence in @entity4503 convexity and in @entity16491 concavity, with particular reference to TGF-b1, Hippo, and PI3K/Akt/FoxO pathways. Actin cytoskeleton emerges as potentially affected by microRNA changes in @entity4503 convexity only. MicroRNAs could play distinct roles in @entity4503 and @entity16491 aortopathy, with possible implications in diagnosis and therapy.

title: XXXX with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve exhibit distinct regional microrna signatures in mildly dilated ascending aorta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve', 'BAV']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Twenty-six institutionalized elderly subjects, selected as healthy according to the SENIEUR protocol, were compared to adult controls to establish correlations between @entity1316 and @entity1200 and to investigate underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms. After an extensive psychodiagnostic examination, 35% of the aged subjects were classified as depressed. Cutaneous delayed @entity56 tests showed reduced responses in the aged, but no correlation was found with the psychological status. Examination of the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets revealed no imbalance in the percentages of CD3+, @entity404 +, @entity405 + cells in the aged. A slight reduction in the @entity404 +/ @entity405 + cell ratio could however be detected in the non-depressed aged, as compared to adult controls. The @entity404 +/CD45R+ cell subset was reduced in non-depressed aged. The percentage of B lymphocytes was reduced in the aged, mostly in the non-depressed subjects. No changes were detected in the percent of OKDR+ cells. The percentage of @entity4071 + cells was found unchanged, while that of @entity4755 + cells was significantly higher in the aged than in the adults and in the non-depressed than in the depressed aged. @entity4755 + cell levels were negatively correlated with the @entity308 score. On double labelling, the percent of @entity4071 +/ @entity4755 + cells appears increased in the subgroup of depressed aged and positively correlated with age. Plasmatic and urinary @entity701 levels were both positively correlated with @entity308 score. Urinary @entity701 level was higher in the depressed aged. These parameters, as well as plasmatic ACTH, beta-endorphin and urinary @entity2661 , were not correlated with immune responses. Based on these findings, we recommend that the @entity558 should be taken into account when healthy subjects are examined in studies of immune senescence.

title: Immune parameters in a population of institutionalized elderly subjects: influence of XXXX and endocrinological correlations.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrinological conditions']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorders']


abstract: Numerous stimulatory growth factors that can influence muscle regeneration are known. Recently, it has been demonstrated that neutralization of muscle growth inhibitory factors, such as myostatin ( @entity17741 ; also known as growth differentiation factor 8, @entity17741 ), also leads to increased muscle regeneration in mdx @entity19 that are known to have cycles of degeneration. However, the precise mechanism by which @entity17741 regulates muscle regeneration has not yet been fully determined. To investigate the role of @entity17741 in adult skeletal muscle regeneration, wild-type and myostatin-null ( @entity17741 -/-) @entity19 were injured with notexin. Forty-eight hours after injury, accelerated migration and enhanced accretion of myogenic cells ( @entity14814 +) and macrophages ( @entity3804 +) was observed at the site of regeneration in @entity17741 -/- muscle as compared with wild-type muscle. Inflammatory cell numbers decreased more rapidly in the @entity17741 -/- muscle, indicating that the whole process of inflammatory cell response is accelerated in @entity17741 -/- @entity19 . Consistent with this result, the addition of recombinant @entity17741 reduced the activation of satellite cells (SCs) and chemotactic movements of both myoblasts and macrophages ex vivo. Examination of regenerated muscle (28 days after injury) also revealed that @entity17741 -/- @entity19 showed increased expression of decorin mRNA, reduced @entity82 and improved healing as compared with wild-type @entity19 . On the basis of these results, we propose that @entity17741 negatively regulates muscle regeneration not only by controlling SC activation but also by regulating the migration of myoblasts and macrophages to the site of injury. Thus, antagonists of @entity17741 could potentially be useful as pharmacological agents for the treatment of disorders of @entity528 and regeneration.

title: Improved muscle healing through enhanced regeneration and reduced @entity82 in myostatin-null XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['overt degeneration']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Previous investigations of centrally administered @entity1943 (SRIF) have tended to employ pharmacological (nmol and greater) doses of the peptide. Under this protocol contradictory findings of feeding effects have been reported. There is evidence that the use of physiological doses can induce a completely distinct response from that obtained with pharmacological doses. In order to discern whether physiological doses of centrally administered @entity1943 have any effect on feeding. SRIF in doses ranging from 0.4 pmol to 3 nmol were administered into the lateral ventricles of @entity35 . Low pmol doses (0.4-40) administered during the light photoperiod increased 1 h feeding whereas 3 nmol decreased 1 h feeding. None of the doses tested during the dark photoperiod significantly altered 1 h food intake. Similarly, no significant change in 24-h food intake was observed following injections of any of the doses tested, whether in the light or dark. A dose of SRIF that increased feeding (1 pmol) did not significantly alter 1 h water intake when applied centrally in the light nor did it alter spontaneous locomotor activity. Furthermore, when applied peripherally it did not change 1 h food intake. These studies suggest that SRIF may work centrally to regulate food intake. A similarity exists between SRIF's feeding effects and the feeding effects we have previously described following central injections of @entity11523 ( @entity11523 ), both in terms of dose-response and photosensitivity. This suggests that these 2 peptides may act via a common mechanism to regulate food consumption; possibly in co-ordination with their regulation of growth hormone release. The possibility that such feeding regulation occurs as part of a short intrahypothalamic feedback loop is discussed.

title: Central XXXX : a re-examination of its effects on feeding.

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity11523 :: ('29446(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GRF', 'growth hormone-releasing factor']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: A 62-year-old @entity1 presented with a feeling of pressure between her shoulder blades. Physical examination and laboratory test showed no abnormalities. Conventional X-ray of the thorax showed, by chance, a condensation of the second rib. CT scan showed a solitary lesion at the same location. @entity1 's history mentioned post-partum @entity1271 38 years earlier, for which she was treated with X-ray therapy of about 4 to 5 Gray in 1 fraction. A partial rib resection was performed prior to diagnosis. The histopathological diagnosis was stage IA @entity511 . It was excised in toto and an uneventful disease course ensued. In the past, X-ray therapy was used for many different benign diseases. Many doctors nowadays are not aware of this. This case illustrates that radiotherapy for benign disease can give rise to post irradiation @entity242 . Long-term follow-up of an irradiated region is essential for early diagnosis and may lead to higher cure rates.

title: [ @entity242 of the thoracic wall following XXXX radiotherapy 38 years previously].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To validate the Clinical @entity1030 Questionnaire (CCQ), a @entity1 -administered instrument developed for @entity66 as a disease-specific psychophysical outcome measure for adult @entity850 . DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTINGS: Tertiary/National referral airway reconstruction centre. @entity1 : Thirty-three tracheostomy-free @entity1 undergoing endoscopic laryngotracheoplasty. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: CCQ and the Medical Research Council (MRC) Dyspnoea scale, a previously validated but more limited scale, were administered to @entity1 2 weeks before surgery, preoperatively, and 2 weeks after endoscopic laryngotracheoplasty. Pulmonary function was assessed preoperatively. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach alpha statistics and test-retest reliability was determined using intraclass correlation. Correlations between CCQ and MRC scale, and pulmonary function were used to assess convergent and divergent validity respectively. Instrument responsiveness was assessed by correlating total and domain-specific CCQ scores with anatomical disease severity and post-treatment effect size. RESULTS: There were 12 males and 21 females. Mean age was 44 +/- 15 years. Cronbach alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.88 and 0.95 respectively. Total and domain-specific CCQ scores significantly correlated with the MRC scores (P < 0.001) and significant correlations between CCQ and peak expiratory flow rate and FEV(1) were identified (P < 0.03). There were statistically significant changes in total and domain-specific CCQ scores when different stenosis severities were compared. Clinical COPD Questionnaire scores also changed significantly and congruently following surgery (P < 0.05 in both cases). DISCUSSION: Clinical COPD Questionnaire is a valid and sensitive instrument for assessing symptom severity and levels of function and well-being in adult @entity1 with @entity850 and can be used as a @entity1 -centred disease-specific outcome measure for this condition.

title: Validation of the Clinical COPD Questionnaire as a psychophysical outcome measure in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the colors of @entity75 , largely determined by erythema and scales, are important clinical indicators, expressing them in an objective manner is difficult. Cutaneous blood flow (CBF) also affects erythema. Serial measurement of these parameters during phototherapy was almost nonexistent. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of our study were to observe the changes of color parameters and the CBF of @entity75 during PUVA therapy and to determine their clinical significance. METHODS: CBF, measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, and color parameters, measured by tristimulus colorimetry and reflectance spectrophotometry, were assessed in 13 @entity1 with @entity1569 who received PUVA therapy. RESULTS: The values of CBF, erythema index (EI), and a(*) (color parameter representing red-green axis) in @entity75 were significantly different from those observed in the control sites before therapy. The parameters of @entity75 normalized according to the clinical improvement and approached those of the control sites as PUVA therapy progressed. The values of @entity894 ( @entity894 ), L(*) (color parameter representing @entity62 ), and b(*) (color parameter representing @entity2270 ) showed no significant difference between the psoriatic plaques and the control sites. They all displayed changes toward darkening and indicated tanning induced by PUVA therapy. Serial changes presented a generally unidirectional pattern in the control sites. However, this was not always the case in @entity75 because scale, infiltration, and erythema also affected the measurement of blood flow and the color of the skin. CONCLUSION: Color parameters and CBF were closely related with clinical improvement according to consecutive phototherapy. They may serve as objective indices for the visible morphology and underlying lesional pathophysiology of @entity1569 .

title: Changes of skin blood flow and color on lesional and control sites during PUVA therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'melanin index']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['yellow-blue axis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white-black axis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors plays a crucial role in controlling the precise signalling of the receptor as well as its proper regulation. Metabotropic @entity2227 receptor 1 ( @entity9446 ), a G protein-coupled receptor, is a member of the group I mGluR family. @entity9446 plays a critical role in neuronal circuit formation and also in multiple types of synaptic plasticity. This receptor has also been reported to be involved in various @entity146 . Other than the central nervous system, @entity9446 plays crucial roles in various non-neuronal cells like hepatocytes, skin cells, etc. Although it has been reported that @entity9446 gets endocytosed on ligand application, the events after the internalization of the receptor has not been studied. We show here that @entity9446 internalizes on ligand application. Subsequent to endocytosis, majority of the receptors localize at the recycling compartment and no significant presence of the receptor was noticed in the lysosome. Furthermore, @entity9446 returned to the cell membrane subsequent to ligand-mediated internalization. We also show here that the recycling of @entity9446 is dependent on the activity of protein phosphatase 2A. Thus, our data suggest that the ligand-mediated internalized receptors recycle back to the cell surface in protein phosphatase 2A-dependent manner. Metabotropic @entity2227 receptor 1 @entity9446 is involved in various forms of synaptic plasticity and in many @entity146 . We show here that @entity9446 internalizes on ligand application and subsequently recycles to the cell surface. Our data also suggest that inhibition of protein phosphatase @entity4333 activity completely inhibits the recycling of @entity9446 . Thus, our data provide important information regarding the trafficking of @entity9446 to help us understand the regulation of the receptor in both the normal and diseased brain.

title: Metabotropic XXXX receptor 1 recycles to the cell surface in protein phosphatase 2A-dependent manner in non-neuronal and neuronal cell lines.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders', 'neuropsychiatric diseases']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concern regarding risk of late @entity715 after "off-label" treatment with drug-eluting stents has prompted increased use of bare-metal stents (BMS) in current practice. The sequelae of late BMS failures, however, have been poorly characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a retrospective study of 4503 consecutive @entity1 treated with at least 1 BMS and dual antiplatelet therapy between 1994 and 2000. The cumulative incidence of stent @entity715 was 0.5% at 30 days (95% CI, 0.3% to 0.7%), 0.8% at 1 year (95% CI, 0.6% to 1.1%), and 2.0% at 10 years (95% CI, 1.5% to 2.5%). Risk of late (30 days to 1 year) and very late (>1 year) BMS @entity715 was increased among @entity1 considered off label for drug-eluting stent use (P=0.024). When saphenous vein graft interventions were excluded, however, risk after off-label use was not significantly increased (P=0.23). Other correlates included vein graft intervention, prior @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity1095 , and @entity1066 (P<0.001). Mortality was markedly increased after late and very late BMS @entity715 , particularly during the first 30 days (hazard ratios, 22 [95% CI, 3.1 to 159] and 40 [95% CI, 15 to 107], respectively). The 10-year incidence of clinical @entity256 was 18.1% (95% CI, 16.5% to 19.7%), presenting with @entity583 in 2.1% (95% CI, 1.6% to 2.6%). Restenosis presenting with @entity583 was associated with increased mortality compared with no @entity256 (hazard ratio, 2.37; P<0.001) and with @entity256 with a non- @entity583 presentation (hazard ratio, 2.42; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of BMS @entity715 and of @entity583 caused by @entity256 during extended follow-up is significant. Both complications are associated with mortality.

title: Outcomes of stent XXXX and @entity256 during extended follow-up of @entity1 treated with bare-metal coronary stents.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: AIMS: We present 5-year echocardiographic results of combined undersizing mitral ring annuloplasty (UMRA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in chronic @entity339 (CIMR). METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-one @entity1 (aged 68.4 +/- 8.1, 62.5% male) undergoing combined CABG and UMRA in our Institution (Cardiac Surgery, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy) between September 2001 and March 2007 were prospectively enrolled in the study. Median follow up was 32.9 months [interquartile range (IQR) 17.5-51.6]. Fourteen @entity1 with significant residual @entity339 ( @entity339 ) needing immediate intraoperative revision (n = 3) or at discharge (n = 11) were excluded from the study. Serial echocardiograms were performed in 220 survivors at baseline, discharge, and annually thereafter. Additionally, 17 @entity1 died (2 early and 15 late deaths) and were also excluded from the study. @entity339 remained stable at 1 year and re-increased at 3 years (P < 0.001) and 5 years (P < 0.001). Five-year actuarial survival was 83.2 +/- 4.4. Five-year freedom from re-operation for failed repair was 78.2 +/- 4.9%. Mean systolic and diastolic diameters decreased significantly at discharge (P = 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively) and at early follow up (P = 0.004 and P = 0.02) but raised at 3 years (P < 0.001) and 5 years (P < 0.001). Systolic and diastolic sphericity indexes improved at discharge (P < 0.001) remained stable at 1 year but they re-increased at 3-year control (P = 0.006 and P = 0.03, respectively) with a late raise exceeding the pre-operative value (P < 0.001). Left ventricular reverse remodelling was observed in 44.2% of the study population with 10.3% of @entity1 showing further left @entity2554 . At multivariable model, end-systolic volume > or =145 mL, systolic sphericity index > or =0.7, myocardial performance index > or =0.9, and wall motion score index > or =1.5 were predictors of recurrent @entity339 . CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the need for improved repair technique and better @entity1 selection to identify patients with anticipated repair failure who could benefit more from valve replacement or other procedure directly addressing ventricular tethering.

title: Five-year echocardiographic results of combined undersized mitral ring annuloplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic mitral regurgitation', 'MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['ischaemic mitral regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The thrust plate prosthesis ( @entity8331 ) is an implant with a metaphyseal fixation at the proximal femur that transmits the load forces of the hip onto the femoral neck. The osseous incorporation of the @entity8331 and the adaptation of the bone to this force transmission depend on the bone quality, which is reduced to minor vitality and stability in @entity1 with @entity2530 of the femoral head. Depending on the etiology of the femoral @entity39 , the @entity8331 might lead to early failures. METHODS: In a prospective study, 63 @entity1 with 72 cementless @entity8331 due to femoral @entity135 were examined. A clinical and radiological evaluation was performed preoperatively, 3 and 6 months postoperatively, and every year thereafter. The average follow-up period was 4.8+/-1.3 years with a minimum of 3 years. The pathogenesis of femoral @entity39 included @entity988 (n=19), subsequent to renal transplantation (n=11), during cortisone therapy of other @entity1581 (n=9), preceding a polychemotherapy (n=4), @entity6 (n=3), sickle cell @entity417 (n=1), and idiopathic @entity2530 (n=25). RESULTS: The Harris Hip Score increased continuously from 50.0 points beyond 79.8 points after 3 months to 86.8 points within the 1st year, and subsequently remained stable at this level. Revision was necessary in six cases (8.3%). Of these, three had an aseptic loosening of the implant: 2 cases with @entity8 with an extension of the @entity39 area to the seating of the @entity8331 . The other three @entity1 showed septic implant loosenings: 2 cases with @entity8 . Radiolucent lines were found in 9 cases (12.5%), mostly in zones 1 and 2 underneath the @entity8331 . Of these, 1 with an idiopathic @entity2530 was assessed to be radiologically loosened. The overall failure rate was 9.7%, with a proportion of 36.4% in @entity1 with renal transplantation. Excluding this specific @entity1 group, the failure rate was 4.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Femoral @entity39 following renal transplantation and extension of the @entity39 area into the femoral neck are contraindications for @entity8331 . Excluding these @entity1 , the @entity8331 shows comparable mid-term results to cementless stemmed prostheses and supplies advantages especially for younger @entity1 , because of its metaphyseal, bone-preserving fixation. However, evaluation of the clinical impact of the @entity8331 in comparison with other cementless femoral stem systems requires long-term examinations in the future.

title: The thrust plate prosthesis in XXXX with @entity2530 of the femoral head.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal transplantation and 1 of alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['dyscrasia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'head necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Two @entity8277 mRNA transcripts resulting from alternative splicing of exon 11 in the receptor gene are expressed in a highly regulated tissue-specific fashion. To date, there is no information about the relative abundance of the protein isoforms encoded by these mRNAs in tissues of normal or @entity6 subjects. We employed an antibody raised against the peptide sequence encoded by exon 11 to develop a specific immunoprecipitation assay that is capable of determining the fraction of receptors that include this @entity535 sequence. The assay is based on the relative ability of the exon 11 specific monoclonal antibody (alpha IR alpha) compared to a @entity4400 ) to immunoprecipitate solubilized receptors that are first labeled with 125I-insulin. The assay was validated using standard curves generated with samples composed of known ratios of the two receptor isoforms. Our results in general confirm observations regarding the relative abundance of the two mRNA species in @entity1 tissues, with marked predominance of the exon 11+ isoform in liver, and the exon 11- isoform in leukocytes. Similar amounts of both variants are present in placenta, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. In studies with this assay using skeletal muscle extracts from control and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) subjects, as well as in studies of the two mRNAs in control versus @entity2175 muscle using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, we could find no significant difference between control and @entity6 subjects. This data contradicts a recent report claiming that normal individuals have only the exon 11- mRNA transcript in their skeletal muscle, whereas @entity2175 subjects have similar expression of both mRNAs. Given the emerging evidence that functional differences exist between the two receptor isoforms, these studies are relevant to our understanding of @entity8277 function in health and disease.

title: Alternatively spliced variants of the @entity8277 protein. Expression in normal and @entity6 XXXX tissues.

entities_list: @entity4400 :: ('28907', 'Gene') :: ['nonspecific anti-receptor antiserum (B-2']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A decrease in @entity2339 sensitivity to glucocorticoid feedback suppression seems to occur with aging. To investigate possible abnormalities in the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on @entity4545 secretion in the elderly, we evaluated the endogenous @entity4545 response to @entity701 (25 mg as an i.v. bolus) in 15 healthy aged (65-88 yr) and 15 healthy young (18-26 yr) @entity1 . Blood samples for @entity4545 and @entity701 determinations were collected at -15, 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. @entity701 injection produced a rapid increase in plasma @entity701 levels within the first 2 min in both groups. In old @entity1 , in concomitance with the @entity701 increase, @entity4545 levels showed only a slight and nonsignificant decrease within the first 15 min, followed by a pronounced and significant decline thereafter. In young subjects, in concomitance with the plasma @entity701 increase, a marked decrease in @entity4545 levels was observed within the first 15 min, followed by a less pronounced decline thereafter. The response curve of @entity4545 inhibition could be arbitrarily divided in two parts. The first part (from 0-60 min) showed a significant difference between old and young @entity1 , whereas the remaining part of the curve (from 60-180 min) showed no differences between the two groups. The slower response in glucocorticoid feedback inhibition of @entity4545 in old @entity1 supports the concept of some alteration in the central regulation by @entity230 in aging. Age-related vascular factors affecting @entity701 penetration through the blood-brain barrier more than hippocampus-hypothalamus @entity854 could be involved in the fast component of @entity2339 feedback regulation.

title: Age-related changes in glucocorticoid fast feedback inhibition of adrenocorticotropin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['receptor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'cortisol', 'Hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During an epidemic of @entity2718 -associated disease (CDAD) caused by a strain that is a @entity53511 A and B, the frequency of a first recurrence after @entity868 treatment of the initial episode doubled in 2003-2004, compared with 1991-2002. METHODS: To examine whether administration of @entity868 as treatment for a first recurrence of CDAD remained appropriate, we reviewed data for @entity1 with CDAD diagnosed in a hospital in Quebec, Canada, during 1991-2005, who experienced a first recurrence. The frequency of a second recurrence within 60 days after the first one was measured using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox regression was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 463 @entity1 had a first recurrence of CDAD, of whom 154 (33.3%) experienced a second recurrence. Independent predictors of a second recurrence were age and duration of hospitalization after the first recurrence; this latter finding suggested that many such episodes were reinfections rather than relapses. Neither choice of treatment drug ( @entity868 or @entity2176 ) nor use of the same drug for treatment of first recurrence, as had been used during the initial episode, was associated with increased risk of a second recurrence. However, 51 @entity1 (11.0%) developed at least 1 complication (i.e., shock, need for colectomy, @entity1528 , perforation, or @entity204 within 30 days) during the first recurrence. Older age, a high leukocyte count, and @entity177 at first recurrence were strongly associated with a complicated CDAD. CONCLUSIONS: @entity868 is not inferior to @entity2176 for treatment of @entity1 with a first recurrence of CDAD, but the risk of complications with any treatment of CDAD may be higher than has previously been documented.

title: Management and outcomes of a first recurrence of XXXX -associated disease in Quebec, Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole', 'Metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity1528 :: ('MESH:D008531', 'Disease') :: ['megacolon']

entities_list: @entity53511 :: ('MESH:C564985', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-producer of toxins']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: The @entity1570 ( @entity1570 )/ @entity436 system is implicated in various instances of cell @entity4222 in mammals, including the @entity4222 of lymphocytes and the formation of @entity3 . We have recently synthesized a potent novel @entity436 antagonist, @entity62568 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of @entity1570 / @entity436 axis in the @entity788 @entity3 via cell @entity4222 and invasion, and the inhibitory effect of @entity62568 on @entity788 cell @entity3 . The expression of @entity436 was detected in six @entity788 cell lines by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. In @entity4222 and invasion assays, @entity1570 stimulated both @entity4222 and invasion of @entity5 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal effect of @entity1570 was observed at 100 ng/ml. @entity1570 -induced @entity4222 and invasion of @entity5 cells were completely blocked by 100 nM @entity62568 . The stimulatory effect of @entity1570 on @entity5 @entity4222 and the inhibitory effect of @entity62568 were mediated via the alteration in phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Treatment of @entity5 cells with 100 ng/ml @entity1570 resulted in a significant increase of actin polymerization, which was reduced by 100 nM @entity62568 . @entity1570 enhanced @entity5 cell adhesion to laminin, which was not reversed by @entity62568 . Taken together, @entity1570 / @entity436 axis is involved in @entity788 @entity3 through @entity4222 and invasion. The small molecule antagonists against @entity436 such as @entity62568 might be an effective anti-metastatic agent for @entity788 .

title: @entity436 antagonist inhibits stromal cell-derived factor 1-induced @entity4222 and invasion of human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1570 :: ('6387', 'Gene') :: ['stromal cell-derived factor-1', 'SDF-1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: @entity25096 is very rare and it is difficult to distinguish this @entity5 from other @entity1820 due to the absence of clinical, instrumental and macroscopic features which allow pre- or intraoperative diagnosis. Our aim was to recognize the characteristic features (preoperative, intraoperative, pathological) that would allow diagnosis of @entity25096 . A case of @entity25096 of the jejunum is reported. Surgical specimen was routinely processed. Immunohistochemical staining was performed according to modified immunoperoxidase Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex method. An electron microscopy study was also performed. The @entity5 mass showed some characteristic pathological findings: histologically, it was composed of spindle cells and epithelioid cells; immunohistochemically, a focal positivity for @entity3508 was shown, and finally, ultrastructural examination showed neuron-like cells with long cytoplasmic processes containing microtubules and bulbouns synapse-like structures with dense core neurosecretory-type granules. @entity25096 of the jejunum must be considered and treated as a @entity5 . A correct diagnosis is possible only with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. It is probable that this @entity5 is more common than previously thought.

title: XXXX of the jejunum. Case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity25096 :: ('MESH:C537517', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor', 'Preoperatively gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor', 'gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['Neuron Specific Enolase']

answer: @entity25096 :: (MESH:C537517,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this clinical trial ( @entity102 -02) was to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of two dosages of the herbal medicinal product @entity61509 (Sinupret extract) in @entity1 with @entity102 ( @entity102 ). METHODOLOGY: 929 @entity1 suffering from @entity102 were enrolled in this randomised placebo-controlled trial with a treatment period of 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the mean @entity4696 ( @entity4696 ) in week 8 and week 12 compared to placebo. Secondary endpoints included further @entity4696 related parameters and responder rates over time. Pharmacoeconomic endpoints were also analysed. Finally, safety and tolerability were evaluated. RESULTS: Sinupret extract was not superior over placebo regarding the primary endpoint. However, the results of the secondary endpoints showed a clear trend towards superior efficacy. Therefore, additional post-hoc sensitivity analyses were performed in @entity1 with a baseline @entity4696 over 9 and persistence of disease more than 1 year diagnosed by specialists in otorhinolaryngology. Those @entity1 significantly benefited from Sinupret extract. Therapy was superior for the primary endpoint analysis. @entity1 were less impaired with respect to work and daily activities. A good safety and tolerability of Sinupret extract was assured in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Sinupret extract can safely be administered in @entity1 with @entity102 . Although the primary endpoint of the study was not significant, a post-hoc subgroup analysis in @entity1 whose disease was diagnosed by a specialist revealed a pronounced treatment effect. Effects in that subgroup were even stronger with longer disease persistence and stronger severity.

title: Assessment of efficacy and safety of the herbal medicinal product XXXX in @entity102 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4696 :: ('MESH:D003865', 'Disease') :: ['Major Symptom Score', 'MSS']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

answer: @entity61509 :: (MESH:C578474,Chemical) :: ['BNO 1016']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to assess the reported use in recent publications of the diagnostic criteria for complex regional @entity158 ( @entity6866 I) proposed by the International Association for the Study of @entity158 (IASP) in 1994. METHODS: A literature search of MEDLINE (January 1996 to July 2000) was performed with use of the medical subject heading " @entity158 ." Publications in English, German, and Dutch were analyzed. From the search, 65 original publications were selected. Another 27 publications (referenced publications) that were referenced in the 65 original publications for the description of diagnostic criteria for @entity6866 I also were included. A standard form was used to assess a total of 92 publications. A sensitivity analysis was performed by means of analyzing three scenarios in which the diagnostic criteria were used as proposed and two combinations of less stringent criteria. RESULTS: Use of the diagnostic criterion @entity158 was reported in 35 (38%) of the analyzed publications. None of the original publications satisfied the proposed IASP diagnostic criteria. Four (15%) of the referenced publications satisfied the proposed IASP diagnostic criteria. Ten (15%) of the original publications referred correctly to the referenced publications. With the less strict criteria used in scenarios 2 and 3, 2 (3%) and 3 (5%), respectively, of the original publications fulfilled these criteria. CONCLUSIONS: If the diagnostic criteria for @entity6866 I are not used uniformly, the populations in clinical studies may not be uniform either. Whether different authors are describing the same syndrome and whether their findings can be compared is open to question. On the basis of the results of this study, it is concluded that the IASP criteria for @entity6866 I are poorly used in clinical studies.

title: Complex regional XXXX : use of the International Association for the Study of @entity158 diagnostic criteria defined in 1994.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain syndrome type I', 'Pain', 'reflex sympathetic dystrophy" and the free texts words "complex," "regional," "pain," and "syndrome', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain syndrome type I']


abstract: CONTEXT: Fatigue is common in life-limiting @entity5 . @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ), a psychostimulant, may be a useful therapy. Gathering evidence in @entity1 with @entity5 can be challenging. OBJECTIVES: To determine if @entity7541 improves @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: N-of-1 trials are multicycle, double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover trials using standardized measures of effect in individuals. They are normally used to assess treatment effects in individuals. Aggregated N-of-1 trials from @entity1 with end-stage @entity5 suffering @entity1295 were used to assess the group effect of @entity7541 , producing an estimate of equivalent power to a parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) but requiring less than half of the sample size. Up to three cycles of @entity7541 5  mg twice daily (three days) vs. identical placebo (three days) capsules were offered to @entity1 . Primary outcome was improvement in @entity1295 as measured by the Functional Assessment of @entity102 Therapy-Fatigue Scale and the @entity5 Fatigue Scale. Analysis used Bayesian statistical methods using intention-to-treat principles. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 completed 84 cycles of @entity7541 and placebo in random order, exceeding sample size estimates. Overall, @entity7541 did not improve @entity1295 (mean difference 3.2; 95% credible interval -2.0, 9.0; posterior probability of favorable effect 0.890). Eight @entity1 showed important improvement, and one @entity1 showed important worsening of @entity1295 on @entity7541 . There were no features that distinguished @entity1 whose @entity1295 responded to @entity7541 compared with those who did not. CONCLUSION: @entity7541 does not improve @entity1295 in the population of @entity1 with end-stage @entity5 . Aggregated N-of-1 trial methodology is feasible and produces population-based sample estimates with less than half the sample size required for the equivalent parallel-group RCT. It also identified individuals who did and did not respond to @entity7541 , which is a feature difficult to achieve in a standard RCT. The study was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (12609000794202).

title: The Effect of @entity2727 on Fatigue in XXXX : An Aggregated N-of-1 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Wu Cancer', 'cancer', 'cancer-related fatigue', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Illness']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Advanced Cancer']


abstract: Spinal fusion is one of the most common clinical indications for bone grafting. However, synthetic bone substitutes are needed to ameliorate limited availability, donor site morbidity, and potential disease transmission concerns associated with autograft and allograft. One new synthetic bone substitute, Vitoss (Orthovita, Malvern, Pa), is an ultraporous formulation of @entity13065 ( @entity13065 ). This study examines 50 @entity1 who received ultraporous @entity13065 @entity79 as an adjunct to autogenous bone graft while undergoing spinal fusion procedures. All @entity1 underwent decompressive laminectomy with bilateral posterolateral intertransverse fusion (PLITF) using bone graft mixed with ultraporous @entity13065 , with and without instrumentation. Some @entity1 also underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) using cages and bone graft. Thirty-two @entity1 were studied for at least 5-7 months postoperatively. Of these @entity1 , 100% demonstrated good consolidation on follow-up radiographs. The use of iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) was avoided entirely in 7 (14%) of the 50 @entity1 , and 30% less ICBG volume was required on average in others. Only 3 @entity1 (7%) had donor site-associated @entity158 . Controlled studies are being conducted to support the clinical impression that ultraporous @entity13065 used as a @entity79 in spinal arthrodesis facilitates bone healing at both the spinal and donor operative sites, and contributes to less overall morbidity.

title: Adjunctive use of ultraporous @entity13065 XXXX in spinal arthrodesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone void filler']

entities_list: @entity13065 :: ('MESH:C485817', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-tricalcium phosphate', 'beta-TCP']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone void filler']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present experiment was to examine the effect of different levels of rapeseed meal (RSM) and sunflower meal (SFM) and enzyme combination (endoxylanase and b-glucanase) on the production performance, carcass quality, gizzard development and digesta viscosity of broiler @entity1573 . The experimental design was a 3*2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating three diet types containing different levels of RSM and SFM (low (L), medium (M) and high (H)) and two levels of enzyme inclusion (0 or 100 g/tonne diet to provide 1220 U xylanase and 152 U b-glucanase per kg diet). Broiler starter and grower/finisher diets were formulated, based on @entity3505 and soya bean meal and containing 50, 50 and 80 g/kg RSM and 0, 50 and 60 g/kg SFM for L, M and H treatments, respectively, during starter period and 80, 80 and 120 g/kg RSM and 0, 80 and 100 g/kg SFM for L, M and H, respectively, during grower/finisher period, and each diet was fed ad libitum to eight pens of 20 male broilers each. During the starter period (1 to 21 days), birds fed the H treatment had lower (P0.05) on feed conversion ratio ( @entity6780 ). During the grower/finisher phase (22 to 42 day) and over the entire period (1 to 42 day) birds fed the H treatment had lower (P0.05) between RSM and SFM inclusion level and enzyme supplementation were observed for any of the measured parameters at any period. Diet type and enzyme supplementation had no effect (P>0.05) on carcass traits, abdominal fat pad, breast meat yield and jejunal digesta viscosity. Diet type influenced (P=0.05) relative empty gizzard weight, where the H treatment had higher relative empty gizzard weight compared with the L treatment. Enzyme supplementation tended (P=0.10) to increase relative empty gizzard weight. The present data suggest that high inclusion of SFM and RSM negatively influenced broiler performance. Enzyme supplementation improved @entity6780 at all levels of RSM and SFM included in this study, but did not recover the reduction in @entity1017 caused by high inclusion of RSM and SFM.

title: Effect of different levels of rapeseed meal and sunflower meal and enzyme combination on the performance, digesta viscosity and carcass traits of broiler @entity1573 fed XXXX -based diets.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine whether a first-trimester strategy of secondary prevention for @entity1468 increases @entity148 in pregnant @entity1 . METHODS: The @entity148 levels of a cohort of @entity1 screened for @entity1468 at first trimester were measured by the Spielberg State-Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI-S) and compared between @entity1 screened as low and high risk. In a subgroup of @entity1 , the @entity148 levels were additionally measured at second and third trimester. A General Linear Model (GLM) for repeated measurements was performed to adjust for potential confounders (age, nulliparity and socio-economic level). RESULTS: A total of 255 @entity1 (135 low-risk and 120 high-risk) were evaluated. No differences were found in the mean STAI-S scores between low-risk and high-risk @entity1 : 35 (SD 9.9) and 34.6 (SD 10.1); p   =   0.77. The proportion of @entity1 with high @entity148 was not significantly different between groups (28/134 [20.7%] vs 24/120 [20%]; p   =   0.88). No differences were found in the subgroups (51 low-risk and 50 high-risk) in which the @entity148 levels were also measured at second and third trimester: 35.8 (SD 8.8) vs 35.2 (SD 9.7), p   =   0.74, and 37.2 (SD 9.4) vs 35.3 (SD 8.6), p   =   0.3. These differences remained non-significant after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSION: A strategy of first-trimester screening for @entity1468 does not increase maternal @entity148 .    2014 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Psychological impact of first-trimester prevention for XXXX on @entity148 .

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To estimate the incidence and causes of @entity227 for the purposes of service provision among the indigenous Australian population within central Australia from its most common causes, namely @entity231 , @entity6 and @entity11738 . DESIGN: Clinic-based cohort study. @entity1 : One thousand eight hundred eighty four individuals aged >= 20 years living in one of 30 remote communities within the statistical local area of 'Central Australia'. METHODS: From those initially recruited, 608 (32%) @entity1 were reviewed again between 6 months and 3 years (median 2 years). @entity1 underwent Snellen visual acuity testing and subjective refraction. Following this, an assessment of their anterior and posterior segments was made. Baseline results were compared with those who were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The annual incidence rates and causes of @entity227 (vision worse than Snellen visual acuity 6/12 in at least one eye). RESULTS: The incidence of @entity227 in at least one eye was 6.6%, 1.2% and 0.7% per year for @entity231 , @entity6 and @entity11738 , respectively (7.9%, 1.5% and 0.7% per year for those aged >= 40 years). Advancing age was the main risk factor common to all three. CONCLUSION: It is important to be mindful not only of the prevalence of disease in a community but also of the rate at which new cases are occurring when allocating resources to address the ocular health needs of this region. Compared with historical data, @entity6 is emerging as a new and increasing threat to vision in this population.

title: Incidence of @entity227 due to @entity231 , XXXX and @entity11738 in indigenous Australians within central Australia: the Central Australian Ocular Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: @entity11 is still hard to be treated due to their complex microenvironment. In this study, a gold nanoparticle-based delivery system was developed. The system, An- @entity970 -DOX-AuNPs, was loaded with @entity632 (DOX) through @entity30095 , an acid-responsive linker, and was functionalized with angiopep-2, a specific ligand of @entity20663 ( @entity20663 ), which could mediate the system to penetrate blood brain barrier and target to @entity11 cells. The particle size of An- @entity970 -DOX-AuNPs was 39.9  nm with a zeta potential of  -19.3  mV, while the DOX loading capacity was 9.7%. In  vitro, the release of DOX from DOX-AuNPs was pH-dependent. At lower pH values, especially 5.0 and 6.0, release of DOX was much quicker than that at pH 6.8 and 7.4. After coating with @entity970 , the acid-responsive release of DOX from @entity970 -DOX-AuNPs was almost the same as that from DOX-AuNPs. Cellular uptake study showed obviously higher intensity of intracellular An- @entity970 -DOX-AuNPs compared with @entity970 -DOX-AuNPs. In  vivo, An- @entity970 -DOX-AuNPs could distribute into @entity11 at a higher intensity than that of @entity970 -DOX-AuNPs and free DOX. Correspondingly, @entity11 -bearing @entity19 treated with An- @entity970 -DOX-AuNPs displayed the longest median survival time, which was 2.89-fold longer than that of saline. In conclusion, An- @entity970 -DOX-AuNPs could specifically deliver and release DOX in @entity11 and significantly expand the median survival time of @entity11 -bearing @entity19 .

title: Tumor microenvironment sensitive XXXX delivery and release to @entity11 using angiopep-2 decorated gold nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity30095 :: ('CHEBI:38532', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrazone']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity20663 :: ('16971(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1', 'LRP1']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Interferon ( @entity3027 ) and @entity970 - @entity3027 are the only drugs approved as adjuvant therapy in @entity1 with @entity320 at high-risk of recurrence after surgical resection. Several clinical trials of adjuvant @entity3027 , using different doses and durations of therapy, have been conducted in these @entity1 . Results generally suggest relapse-free survival and overall survival benefits; however, questions over the optimal dose and duration of treatment and concerns over @entity137 have limited its use. @entity3027 exerts its biological activity in @entity320 via multiple mechanisms of action, most of which can be considered as indirect immunomodulatory effects. As such, @entity3027 may also be of benefit in the neoadjuvant setting, where it may have a role in @entity320 @entity1 with locally advanced disease for whom immediate surgical excision is not possible. However, this has not been well studied. The use of @entity3027 in @entity1 with @entity320 is controversial, with limited data and no convincing evidence of a survival benefit. However, @entity3027 therapy combined with novel biological and immunotherapies offers the potential for a synergistic effect and improved clinical outcomes. Predictive and prognostic factors to better select @entity320 @entity1 for @entity3027 treatment have been identified (e.g. disease stage, ulceration, various cytokines) and may also enhance its therapeutic efficacy, but their incorporation into the clinical decision-making process requires validation in prospective trials. In conclusion, the modest efficacy of @entity3027 shown in clinical trials is largely a reflection of differences in response between @entity1 . Despite advancements in the understanding of its biological mechanisms of action, the huge potential of @entity3027 remains to be fully explored and utilized in @entity1 with @entity320 .

title: The use of interferon in @entity320 XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment for non-metastatic @entity674 ( @entity674 ). Multivisceral resection (MVR) for locally advanced @entity5 is often required to achieve negative margins. The purpose of this study was to review the peri-operative and long-term oncologic outcomes for @entity1 who required MVR versus single-organ resection (SOR) for @entity674 . METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent treatment for @entity674 at a tertiary @entity5 center between 2001 and 2011 were identified. @entity1 characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared using the chi-squared/Fisher's exact test and Student's t-test. Disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. RESULTS: 33 @entity1 underwent MVR and 77 underwent SOR. @entity5 in the MVR group were larger and had a higher mitotic index. MVR @entity1 had longer operative times, greater operative @entity190 and more peri-operative complications. There was no significant difference in the final margin status between the two groups (R0 resection: SOR 92.2%, MVR 81.8%, p  =  0.1303). 5-year DFS was significantly lower in the MVR cohort (44.4% vs. 78.9%, p  =  0.0090), but there was no difference in 5-year OS (80.2% vs. 90.5%, p  =  0.2547). CONCLUSIONS: MVR @entity1 had @entity146 and more complications; however, there was no difference in 5-year OS between the MVR and SOR cohorts. These findings support the use of MVR in the appropriately selected @entity1 . Further studies are necessary to fully define its clinical application.

title: Multivisceral resections for XXXX : Are the risks justifiable?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['more aggressive tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: @entity565 and @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) are diseases of @entity32 with clinical and physiological similarities, making their differentiation difficult. Airway inflammatory changes are associated with systemic changes. However, no serum marker is known for their differentiation. Therefore, serum @entity1356 levels were determined. Out of a total of 1023 @entity1 screened, we included in the study ten @entity1 each with @entity12131 , @entity12131 and @entity1030 and ten healthy subjects. Skin prick tests with 14 inhalant allergens were performed on each @entity1 . Blood was collected in the symptomatic and asymptomatic phases of the diseases and serum @entity1356 and IgE levels were determined. Our results showed that in the symptomatic phase in asthmatics, serum @entity1356 levels were higher (P<0.05) than in @entity1 with @entity1030 . Serum IgE levels were higher (P<0.05) in @entity1097 than in non- @entity1097 and in @entity1030 @entity1 . We conclude that serum @entity1356 level determination during the symptomatic phase of the diseases may help to differentiate asthmatics from @entity1 with @entity1030 . Serum IgE levels may differentiate @entity1097 from non- @entity1097 and @entity1030 @entity1 .

title: Serum @entity1356 as a marker for differentiation of @entity565 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma', 'non-atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: @entity2758 are high flow lesions that remain a challenge in the field of plastic surgery, interventional radiology, and neurosurgery. This is especially true for large lesions requiring a comprehensive team approach. From March 2001 to August 2004, six @entity1 with @entity2758 having extensive involvement of the skin underwent selective embolization followed by resection and reconstruction with anterolateral thigh perforator @entity1912 . The age of @entity1 ranged from 22 to 43 years (average, 29 years); four were male and two were female. The size of the defect ranged from 8 x 10 cm to 12 x 14 cm. During the follow-up period from 3 months to 41 months, two @entity1 required ancillary procedures to improve their aesthetic appearances. All @entity1 achieved acceptable contour, appearance, and sensation without any incidence of recurrences. The anterolateral thigh perforator @entity1912 provides a large, thin and sensible @entity1912 . The anatomy of the @entity1912 is relatively constant and reliable. Despite the extensive involvement of @entity2758 of the face, with selective embolization, maximal resection, and coverage with a well-vascularized tissue, it can be safely removed and successfully reconstructed.

title: Reconstruction of the face after resection of @entity2758 using anterolateral thigh perforator XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation', 'Arteriovenous malformations']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['flap']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity166 and associated mortality are a major concern in acute @entity788 . Enteral administration of probiotics could prevent @entity166 , but convincing evidence is scarce. Our aim was to assess the effects of probiotic prophylaxis in @entity1 with predicted severe acute @entity788 . METHODS: In this multicentre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 298 @entity1 with predicted severe acute @entity788 (Acute Physiology and Chronic health Evaluation [APACHE II] score > or =8, Imrie score > or =3, or @entity1851 >150 mg/L) were randomly assigned within 72 h of onset of symptoms to receive a multispecies probiotic preparation (n = 153) or placebo (n = 145), administered enterally twice daily for 28 days. The primary endpoint was the composite of @entity166 , @entity39 , @entity582 , @entity55 , urosepsis, or infected ascites-during admission and 90-day follow-up. Analyses were by intention to treat. This study is registered, number ISRCTN38327949. FINDINGS: One @entity1 in each group was excluded from analyses because of incorrect diagnoses of @entity788 ; thus, 152 individuals in the probiotics group and 144 in the placebo group were analysed. Groups were much the same at baseline in terms of @entity1 ' characteristics and disease severity. @entity166 occurred in 46 (30%) @entity1 in the probiotics group and 41 (28%) of those in the placebo group (relative risk 1.06, 95% CI 0.75-1.51). 24 (16%) @entity1 in the probiotics group died, compared with nine (6%) in the placebo group (relative risk 2.53, 95% CI 1.22-5.25). Nine @entity1 in the probiotics group developed bowel ischaemia (eight with fatal outcome), compared with none in the placebo group (p = 0.004). INTERPRETATION: In @entity1 with predicted severe acute @entity788 , probiotic prophylaxis with this combination of probiotic strains did not reduce the risk of @entity166 and was associated with an increased risk of mortality. Probiotic prophylaxis should therefore not be administered in this category of @entity1 . (Lancet. 2008;371:651-659) Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC, Buskens E, et al; Dutch Acute @entity788 Study Group.

title: Comment on: probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['infected pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications', 'Infectious complications', 'infectious complications-ie']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to reveal barriers to providing dental care for residents in long-term care (LTC) facilities. DESIGN: @entity1 were selected randomly from the dentist register in Berlin and Saxony, Germany. The sample consisted of 60 self-employed and 60 employed dentists, a further 60 dentists worked in their own dental practice but also part-time in an LTC facility. In semi-structured interviews a questionnaire with 36 statements concerning working conditions, administration and cost, insecurity concerning treatment decisions as well as confrontation with ageing and @entity204 was employed. Subsequently, the study @entity1 were asked to rank the four dimensions concerning their impact on the decision against providing dental care in an LTC facility. RESULTS: The random sample was representative in age and gender for the dental register in Berlin and Saxony. Fifty-six per cent of the @entity1 (63% of the @entity1 and 51% of the @entity1 ; 52% of the self-employed, 60% of the employed and 56% of the consultant dentists) indicated unfavourable working conditions as biggest obstacle in providing dental care in an LTC-facility. Thirty-two per cent of @entity1 rated administration and cost, 7% the insecurity in treatment decisions as major hindrance. Only 5% of the @entity1 rated the confrontation with age and @entity204 as substantial barrier. There were no age and gender differences. Dentists in Berlin seemed more concerned about administration and cost of a consultancy activity and less secure in their therapy decisions than the colleagues from Saxony (p < 0.001). Dentists who work partly in LTC facilities were the least concerned about the confrontation with ageing and @entity204 (not significant), employed dentist showed the least secure in their treatment decisions (p > 0.001). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the awareness of @entity2383 in providing dental care in LTC facilities should be raised with health politicians and that these aspects should be considered when inaugurating or re-structuring the consultancy services to LTC facilities. Further it would be desirable to establish more postgraduate training programmes to increase clinical and ethical competence in the area of gerodontology.

title: Barriers to provision of dental care in long-term care facilities: the confrontation with ageing and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['infra-structural and financial aspects']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Interplay effects may limit the applicability of scanned ion beam therapy for moving @entity5 even if the motion amplitude is reduced by techniques such as gating or abdominal compression (AC). We investigate the potential of enhanced pencil beam overlap to mitigate residual motion interplay effects in scanned ion beam therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight @entity1 with @entity189 were selected who were either treated under AC (5 clinical target volumes (CTVs)) or with gating (6 CTVs). We performed 4D dose calculations for treatment plans with variable beam parameters (lateral raster spacing, beam full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM), iso-energy slice spacing, gating window (GW)) and assessed under- and @entity1445 (V95 and V107), dose homogeneity (HI=D5-D95), and dose volume histograms. The influence of the beam parameters on HI was studied by multivariate regression models. RESULTS: Motion amplitude and FWHM had the largest impact on dose homogeneity, while decreased iso-energy slice spacing and lateral raster spacing had a much smaller or no significant effect, respectively. The multivariate regression models including FWHM, motion amplitude, and IES-spacing explained 86%, 42%, and 71% of the observed variance for AC, 30% and 50% GW, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Residual motion in scanned @entity505 ion therapy of @entity96 can lead to considerable dose heterogeneities. Using an increased beam spot size dose degradation can be significantly mitigated. Especially for large @entity5 , increasing the beam spot size is an efficient motion mitigation option readily available at most scanning facilities.

title: Residual motion mitigation in scanned XXXX ion beam therapy of @entity96 using enlarged pencil beam overlap.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['hepato cellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of dietary intervention on plasma ghrelin levels in @entity28 @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ). Study design Prepubertal @entity28 @entity1 (n=16) and 16 anorexic adolescents were studied at three different points: clinical diagnosis and after a reduction or recuperation of 25% and 50% of the initial BMI SD score. Controls included 21 Tanner growth stage 1 and 36 Tanner growth stage 5 subjects. We analyzed plasma ghrelin levels and their correlation with plasma levels of leptin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I ( @entity442 ), @entity10116 ( @entity10116 ), @entity10513 ( @entity10513 ), @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ), and integrated concentration of @entity2124 (ICGH) before and after dietary intervention. RESULTS: At diagnosis, ghrelin levels were significantly decreased in @entity28 @entity1 (52% of control levels) and significantly increased in adolescents with @entity1278 (164% of control levels). After dietary intervention, ghrelin increased in @entity28 @entity1 but without reaching control levels even after a 50% reduction in body mass index (BMI). In adolescents with @entity1278 , ghrelin levels normalized after a 25% increase in BMI. Ghrelin correlated negatively with the BMI and positively with @entity10116 levels in controls but not in @entity28 @entity1 or in @entity1 with @entity1278 at diagnosis. The positive correlation between ghrelin and @entity10116 was recovered after dietary intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma ghrelin levels present opposite changes in @entity28 and @entity1278 after dietary intervention, suggesting that ghrelin is a good marker of nutritional status.

title: Ghrelin levels in XXXX : effect of weight reduction or recuperation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-3', 'insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3']

entities_list: @entity10116 :: ('3484', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1', 'IGFBP-1']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity10513 :: ('3485', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2', 'IGFBP-2']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity and anorexia nervosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 and @entity14 are leading causes of U.S. @entity5 mortality. Because mortality rates for many @entity5 vary by socioeconomic characteristics, we used area socioeconomic indices to examine patterns in U.S. lung and @entity14 mortality between 1950 and 1998. METHODS: A factor-based area socioeconomic index was linked to 1950-1998 county mortality data to generate annual lung and @entity14 mortality rates for each area socioeconomic group. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to model and identify statistically significant changes in the mortality trends. RESULTS: Area socioeconomic patterns in U.S. @entity2 mortality changed dramatically between 1950 and 1998. @entity1 aged 25-64 years and those aged 65 years or older in higher socioeconomic areas generally had higher @entity2 mortality than did those in lower socioeconomic areas during 1950-1964 and 1950-1980, respectively. Area socioeconomic differences in @entity2 mortality began to reverse and widen by the early 1970s for younger @entity1 and by the mid-1980s for older @entity1 . In 1998, @entity2 mortality was 56% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 49% to 64%) higher for younger @entity1 and 38% higher (95% CI = 34% to 43%) for older @entity1 in the lowest area socioeconomic group than for the same age groups in the highest area socioeconomic group. @entity2 mortality among older @entity1 in all socioeconomic groups increased sevenfold to eightfold between 1950 and 1998, with higher mortality in higher area socioeconomic groups. The positive socioeconomic gradient in @entity14 mortality diminished substantially over time. Although @entity14 mortality among @entity1 in all area socioeconomic groups showed a consistent downward trend, @entity14 mortality among @entity1 in low area socioeconomic groups, but not in high area socioeconomic groups, showed an upward trend. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic gradients in male @entity2 mortality reversed between 1950 and 1998, and those in @entity14 mortality narrowed over that time. Area measures may be useful for monitoring socioeconomic disparities in @entity5 mortality and for identifying areas for potential @entity5 control interventions.

title: Changing area socioeconomic patterns in U.S. @entity5 mortality, 1950-1998: Part II--Lung and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: A small percentage of @entity1 who have undergone traditional, "Ravitch-type" @entity1408 repair present with unsatisfactory results and require a second procedure for correction. Reoperative open surgery for @entity1408 has been associated with extensive dissection and substantial @entity190 . The minimally invasive (MIS) bar repair for the correction of @entity1408 has been gaining acceptance. This study evaluates the authors results with @entity1 who have undergone the MIS bar repair for redo correction of their @entity1408 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all @entity1 undergoing MIS bar repair between December 1997 and August 2001 was performed. Information about demographics, @entity85 , operative course, complications, and early outcome was recorded. RESULTS: Ninety-two @entity1 underwent MIS repair during this period. Ten @entity1 had redo MIS bar repair for unsatisfactory prior open correction. Operating time was 52 minutes for standard @entity1 and 70 minutes for the redo @entity1 (P <.001). @entity190 and postoperative hospitalization were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: The minimally invasive pectus repair can be performed safely with minimal @entity190 and short operating time in @entity1 who have undergone prior unsatisfactory open repair of @entity1408 and can be an alternative approach to reoperative open repair in these @entity1 .

title: Minimally invasive bar repair for 'redo' correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity1408 :: ('MESH:D005660', 'Disease') :: ['pectus excavatum']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss']

answer: @entity1408 :: (MESH:D005660,Disease) :: ['pectus excavatum']


abstract: We measured relative displacement of the @entity17339 ( @entity17339 ) and abdomen (ABD) in 12 anesthetized @entity95 during forced oscillations. Sinusoidal volume changes were delivered through a tracheostomy at frequencies from 0.5 to 30 Hz and measured by body plethysmography. Displacements of the @entity17339 and ABD were measured by inductive plethysmography. During oscillation at fixed tidal volume (VT = 1.3 ml/kg) the ratio ABD/ @entity17339 , normalized to unity at 0.5 Hz, was 0.88 +/- 0.06 at 2 Hz and increased to 1.28 +/- 0.13 at 6 Hz (P less than 0.01). As frequency increased further ABD/ @entity17339 fell sharply but between 20 and 30 Hz reached a plateau of 0.17 +/- 0.02 (P less than 0.001). Displacements of @entity17339 and ABD were nearly synchronous from 0.5 to 2 Hz, but as frequency increased ABD lagged @entity17339 progressively, reaching a phase difference of 90 degrees between 6 and 8 Hz and 180 degrees between 16 and 20 Hz. In six additional @entity95 we measured chest wall displacements while varying VT from 0.5 to 3.7 ml/kg. ABD/ @entity17339 was independent of VT at low frequencies (less than or equal to 6 Hz) but fell sharply with increasing VT at the higher frequencies. We interpreted these findings using a chest wall model having an @entity17339 compartment whose displacements are governed primarily by a nonlinear compliance, in parallel with an ABD compartment whose displacements are governed by a series resistance, inertance, and in addition a nonlinear compliance. The experimental findings are in large measure accounted for by such a model if the degree of nonlinearity of ABD and @entity17339 compliances are comparable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Rib cage versus abdominal displacement in XXXX during forced oscillations to 30 Hz.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To construct and express single chain Fv antibody against @entity1 @entity150 , which was expected to have advantages in targeted diagnosis and therapy with the characteristics of lower immunogenicity. METHODS: Hybridoma BDI-1 cell, which secreted a monoclonal antibody against @entity1 @entity150 , was used to isolate total RNA. By reverse transcription, the cDNA was synthesized and used as templates for amplifying the immunoglobulin heavy-and light-chain variable region genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified DNA was ligated into a sequencing vector pUC19 and sequenced with Sanger's method. The VH and VL genes were inserted into expression vector pFUW80. By inducing, the @entity10390 antibodies were expressed and secreted from @entity526 . Binding activities against the @entity150 cells were detected by ELISA. The 5 x his-tagged @entity10390 antibodies were purified on IDA- @entity3411 resin by immobilized metal chelate affinity chromatography (IMAC). The purified @entity10390 antibodies were analyzed by @entity214 -PAGE. RESULTS: A full-length of VH and VL genes was 366 and 324 base pairs respectively. Comparing with other published sequences, the VH gene was a member of @entity19 heavy-chain VH subgroup II and originated from re-arrangement of VH, Dsp2.2 and @entity17320 ; the VL gene was VK subgroup IV and from Vk and Jk4. The @entity10390 antibodies could inhibit 84% of the antigen binding activity of original McAb BDI-1. The purified @entity10390 antibodies gave a single major band (Mr-29 000) on @entity214 -PAGE. CONCLUSION: The single chain Fv antibody against @entity1 @entity150 was successfully constructed and expressed.

title: [Construction and expression of single chain Fv antibody against XXXX @entity150 ].

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Sleep @entity386 / @entity387 disorders include centrally originated diseases and @entity27 ( @entity27 ). This last condition is renowned as a frequent secondary cause of @entity101 ( @entity101 ). The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of @entity101 can be summarized in relation to two main pathways: sympathetic nervous system stimulation mediated mainly by activation of carotid body (CB) chemoreflexes and/or @entity1763 , and, by no means the least important, the systemic effects of @entity519 ( @entity519 ). The use of animal models has revealed that @entity519 is the critical stimulus underlying sympathetic activity and @entity101 , and that this effect requires the presence of functional arterial chemoreceptors, which are hyperactive in @entity519 . These models of @entity519 mimic the @entity101 observed in @entity1 and allow the study of @entity519 independently without the mechanical obstruction component. The effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the gold standard treatment for @entity27 @entity1 , to reduce blood pressure seems to be modest and concomitant antihypertensive therapy is still required. We focus this review on the efficacy of pharmacological interventions to revert @entity101 associated with @entity519 conditions in both animal models and @entity1 . First, we explore the experimental animal models, developed to mimic @entity101 related to @entity519 , which have been used to investigate the effect of @entity734 ( @entity734 ). Second, we review what is known about drug efficacy to reverse @entity101 induced by @entity519 in animals. Moreover, findings in @entity1 with @entity27 are cited to demonstrate the lack of strong evidence for the establishment of a first-line antihypertensive regimen for these @entity1 . Indeed, specific therapeutic guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of @entity101 in these @entity1 are still lacking. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives concerning the non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of this particular type of @entity101 .

title: The efficacy of XXXX in @entity519 conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['chronic intermittent hypoxia', 'CIH']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['antihypertensive drugs', 'AHDs']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['antihypertensive drugs']