abstract: BACKGROUND: Reconstructive dentistry encompasses an enormous range of treatment modalities from the restoration of single teeth to the reconstruction of the whole dentoalveolar complex in edentulous @entity1 . Some treatment modalities have been assessed in terms of quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes and satisfaction OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present investigation was to search and review studies published between 1996 and 2006 in which the impact of the treatment was measured in terms of QoL outcome, ideally, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). @entity1 satisfaction was also accepted as an outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primary search engine used was NICB PubMed based on MeSH headings. Hand searching of the cited references in the included papers identified a number of additional studies. The primary focus of the search was to link treatment to QoL outcomes. RESULTS: The majority of included studies involved the treatment of edentulous @entity1 , particularly the mandible. The preponderance of the studies comparing conventional dentures (CDs) and @entity737 ( @entity737 ) were randomized-controlled trials (N = 18). There was compelling evidence that @entity1 were more satisfied with @entity737 than CDs. There was strong evidence that OHRQoL can be significantly improved using @entity737 . Evidence suggesting that one retention system is superior to another needs further clarification. Although high satisfaction ratings have been reported for maxillary implant prostheses, the overall ratings given to the maxillary implant prostheses were not significantly greater than for CDs. There was only sparce information regarding QoL or satisfaction outcomes for the majority of other forms of reconstructive dentistry. CONCLUSION: Apart from the restoration of the edentulous mandible with @entity737 or CD, where there is an accumulating body of evidence on the effect of treatment choice, there are many procedures for which there are little or no such data at all. As yet, the entire range of reconstructive treatment has witnessed insufficient investigations relating treatment to its effect on QoL or satisfaction. This is an area that needs to be expanded as a way of quantifying the effect of treatment choices.

title: How do XXXX perceive the benefit of reconstructive dentistry with regard to oral health-related quality of life and @entity1 satisfaction? A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implant-supported overdentures', 'IODs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The verified @entity1 cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Vietnam may represent only a selection of the most severely ill @entity1 . The study objective was to analyze the association between @entity221 , defined as cough and fever, and exposure to sick or dead poultry. METHODS: A population-based study was performed from April 1 to June 30, 2004, in FilaBavi, a rural Vietnamese demographic surveillance site with confirmed outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza among poultry. We included 45 478 randomly selected (cluster sampling) inhabitants. Household representatives were asked screening questions about exposure to poultry and @entity221 during the preceding months; individuals with a history of disease and/or exposure were interviewed in @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 8149 individuals (17.9%) reported @entity221 , 38,373 @entity1 (84.4%) lived in households keeping poultry, and 11,755 (25.9%) resided in households reporting sick or dead poultry. A dose-response relationship between poultry exposure and @entity221 was noted: poultry in the household (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-1.12), sick or dead poultry in the household but with no direct contact (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.23), and direct contact with sick poultry (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-1.89). The @entity221 attributed to direct contact with sick or dead poultry was estimated to be 650 to 750 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our epidemiological data are consistent with transmission of mild, highly pathogenic avian influenza to @entity1 and suggest that transmission could be more common than anticipated, though close contact seems required. Further microbiological studies are needed to validate these findings.

title: Is exposure to sick or dead poultry associated with XXXX ?: a population-based study from a rural area in Vietnam with outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['flulike illness']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['flulike illness']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The degenerate intervertebral disc (IVD) becomes innervated by sensory nerve fibres, and vascularised by blood vessels. This study aimed to identify neurotrophins, neuropeptides and angiogenic factors within native IVD tissue and to further investigate whether pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the regulation of expression levels within nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, nerve and endothelial cells. METHODS: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed on 53 @entity1 IVDs from 52 individuals to investigate native gene expression of neurotrophic factors and their receptors, neuropeptides and angiogenic factors. The regulation of these factors by cytokines was investigated in NP cells in alginate culture, and nerve and endothelial cells in monolayer using RT-PCR and substance @entity10133 ) protein expression in interleukin-1 ( @entity1356 ) stimulated NP cells. RESULTS: Initial investigation on uncultured NP cells identified expression of all neurotrophins by native NP cells, whilst the @entity7169 was only identified in severely degenerate and infiltrated discs, and @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) receptor expressed by more degenerate discs. @entity2252 expression was significantly increased in infiltrated and degenerate samples. SP and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were higher in infiltrated samples. In vitro stimulation by @entity1356 induced NGF in NP cells. Neurotropin-3 was induced by @entity5 factor alpha in @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs). SP gene and protein expression was increased in NP cells by @entity1356 . Calcitonin gene related peptide was increased in SH-SY5Y cells upon cytokine stimulation. @entity7 was induced by @entity1356 and @entity650 in NP cells, whilst pleiotrophin was decreased by @entity1356 . @entity7 and pleiotrophin were expressed by SH-SY5Y cells, and @entity7 by HDMECs, but were not modulated by cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: The release of cytokines, in particular @entity1356 during @entity1797 , induced significant increases in NGF and @entity7 which could promote neuronal and vascular ingrowth. SP which is released into the matrix could potentially up regulate the production of matrix degrading enzymes and also sensitise nerves, resulting in nociceptive transmission and @entity1643 . This suggests that @entity1356 is a key regulatory cytokine, involved in the up regulation of factors involved in innervation and vascularisation of tissues.

title: Expression and regulation of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors during @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7169 :: ('4804', 'Gene') :: ['nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['IVD degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['intervertebral disc degeneration']


abstract: A 15-month longitudinal study was carried out in four riverine communities of the @entity3456 Delta to ascertain the impact of the environment and occupation on the transmission and @entity281 pattern of the @entity1 hookworm @entity17447 . A total of 925 (50.10%) individuals were found to be infected. Male and female @entity281 rates were 54.26% and 47.96% respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The prevalence of @entity281 , the egg counts, and the seasonal incidence were related to the occupations and mode of transmission. The highest occupation prevalence of 60.92% occurred among the fishermen through water-borne transmission, while prevalence rates of 52.96% and 52.4% were recorded respectively through soil transmission. The difference between fishermen's prevalence and farmers' prevalence was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Farmers' egg counts varied from 1,500 eggs per gram (epg) in the dry season to 7,500 epg in the rainy season. Fishermen's egg counts ranged from 3,000 epg in the rainy season to 8,000 epg in the dry season. The difference was not significant (P greater than 0.05). Among farmers the highest monthly incidence of 25% occurred in June, while the highest incidence of 35% occurred in fishermen in April. Incidence of @entity281 among fishermen remained significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than in other occupation groups during the dry season months. Water-borne transmission of hookworm probably increases the incidence and egg counts among fishermen during the dry season.

title: The @entity1 environment, occupation, and possible water-borne transmission of the @entity1 hookworm, XXXX , in endemic coastal communities of the @entity3456 Delta, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity17447 :: ('51031', 'Species') :: ['Necator americanus']

answer: @entity17447 :: (51031,Species) :: ['Necator americanus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the volume of large @entity1653 and analyse their different microsurgical and clinical managements. METHOD: The volume of 45 large @entity1653 treated in our department during the last 9.5 years was retrospectively assessed using recorded neuronavigation data. The seven most employed microsurgical strategies and five important factors influencing the @entity1 's outcome ( @entity5 location, grade of peritumoral @entity4 , grade of @entity1010 , entrapment of @entity531 and the management of the vascular infused fluid volume) were individually analysed. The follow-up ranged from 14 to 84 months. RESULTS: The assessed volumes exceed 100 cm(3) in 38 supratentorial and 45 cm(3) in seven @entity5 . The highest averaged volume in this series was assessed by tuberculum sellae and @entity4838 (174 cc). A complete resection was achieved in 39 @entity1 and was not influenced by the @entity5 volume. However, an averaged volume difference of 60 cc was observed between anterior skull base @entity5 in which their averaged greatest diameter variation was only 1.5 cm. Twelve of 24 @entity1 with deep located @entity5 and entrapped @entity531 presented accentuated @entity4 . A new permanent @entity51 was observed only in two @entity1 . In the other @entity1 , @entity129 , pre-operative @entity1269 and superior cerebral functions improved to varying degrees. Four cases with subtotal resection showed stable residual volumes after 4.5 year follow-up. Three cases underwent additional radiosurgery. CONCLUSION: @entity5 volume assessment allows an improved @entity1653 size differentiation. Despite the large volume of the @entity5 in this series, satisfactory resection was still possible using single-stage procedures. Individual microsurgical strategies and fluids management contributed to reducing @entity1 's morbi-mortality.

title: Volume assessment of intracranial large XXXX and considerations about their microsurgical and clinical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'infratentorial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningiomas', 'meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Management of post-artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) @entity194 can be difficult for the treating physician, yielding unsatisfactory results for the @entity1 . As with many @entity322 procedures, initial results are generally encouraging. We determined the durability and success of tandem cuff placement for @entity194 following AUS placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 18 @entity1 with a mean age 74 years who underwent tandem AUS placement from 1994 to 2001. Mean followup was 3.3 years. All @entity1 originally underwent AUS placement for @entity1005 urinary @entity322 and they had subsequent @entity322 secondary to @entity194 . Adjuvant radiation in 3 cases, hormone therapy in 3, cuff size and pressure, and multiple continence procedures prior to tandem cuff placement in 5 were evaluated as risk factors for cuff erosion. Long-term followup was obtained through office examination and telephone interview using a standardized questionnaire regarding voiding habits and satisfaction. RESULTS: Following tandem cuff placement mean +/- SD pad use daily decreased from 4.3 +/- 0.35 (median 3) to 1.6 +/- 0.42 (median 1) (p <0.0001). Overall 10 of the 18 @entity1 (56%) needed 1 pad or less daily, 16 (88%) would have the tandem cuff placed again and 17 (94%) would recommend the procedure. Median subjective improvement and satisfaction was 4.7 and 4.0, respectively, on a scale of 0 to 5. Reoperation was required for cuff leakage in 1 case and cuff erosion in 2. One @entity1 with erosion had 3 prior AUS revisions, including placement of a 71 to 80 cc balloon reservoir. CONCLUSIONS: Placement of tandem urethral cuff as a salvage procedure for recurrent stress urinary @entity322 provides marked sustained improvement in leakage and overall high @entity1 satisfaction in the difficult setting of @entity194 .

title: Tandem cuff artificial urinary sphincter as a salvage procedure following failed primary sphincter placement for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['urethral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-prostatectomy stress']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['post-prostatectomy incontinence']


abstract: All forms of @entity563 hydroxymethyltransferase, for which a primary structure is known, have five @entity1889 residues near the active-site @entity12553 residue (K229) that forms the internal @entity5817 with @entity2707 . For @entity526 @entity563 hydroxymethyltransferase each of these @entity1889 residues has been changed to an @entity493 residue. The resulting five mutant enzymes were purified and characterized with respect to kinetic and spectral properties. The mutant enzymes @entity60377 and @entity60378 showed no significant changes in kinetic and spectral properties compared to the wild-type enzyme. The @entity60379 and @entity60380 enzymes exhibited differences in Km and kcat values but exhibited the same spectral properties as the wild-type enzyme. The four @entity1889 residues at positions 224, 225, 227, and 230 do not play a critical role in the mechanism of the enzyme. The @entity60381 enzyme had nearly normal affinity for substrates and coenzymes but had only 3% of the catalytic activity of the wild-type enzyme. The spectrum of the @entity60381 enzyme in the presence of @entity535 substrates showed a large absorption maximum at 343 nm with only a small absorption band at 425 nm, unlike the wild-type enzyme whose enzyme-substrate complexes absorb at 425 nm. Rapid reaction studies showed that when @entity535 substrates and substrate analogues were added to the @entity60381 enzyme, the internal @entity5817 absorbing at 422 nm was rapidly converted to a complex absorbing at 343 nm in a second-order process. This was followed by a very slow first-order formation of a complex absorbing at 425 nm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX hydroxymethyltransferase: origin of substrate specificity.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2707 :: ('MESH:D011732', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxal phosphate']

entities_list: @entity5817 :: ('CHEBI:33271', 'Chemical') :: ['aldimine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['Serine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: From a historical perspective, this article describes the use of antipsychotic long-acting injections (LAI) in the treatment of @entity161 , a disorder that was defined in the final years of the 19th century. An efficient treatment for @entity161 was discovered only in 1952 with the introduction of @entity2644 , a @entity9852 derivative. Fairly soon, antipsychotics became available as LAI. The first compounds were @entity58528 (1966) and decanoate (1968) whose development is attributed to G.R.  Daniel, a medical director at Squibb _ Sons. Other first-generation antipsychotics long-acting injections (FGA-LAIs) were introduced in a rapid succession in the 1960s and 1970s. FGA-LAIs made a key contribution to the development of @entity497 psychiatry. As neuroleptics emptied @entity146 hospitals, it was important to ensure that @entity1 could be taken care of in outpatient facilities. FGA-LAIs prevented covert non-compliance. Compliance was further reinforced by the social and psychological support of @entity1 . The introduction of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) led to a @entity393 in FGA-LAIs. This is evidenced by a drop in the number of papers published on this topic. The interest in LAI was revived with the introduction of the first SGA-LAI in 2003. Four different preparations have been approved in the decade between 2003 and 2013. SGA-LAIs differ from FGA-LAIs in the technology that is used to produce the depot effect, and also in the treatment objectives. The rationale for using SGA-LAIs is not only to prevent relapses due to treatment interruption, but also to achieve more constant plasma levels in order to reduce side effects due to excessive plasma levels and loss of efficacy due to insufficient plasma levels. Also, treatment objectives are no longer limited to controlling acute symptoms. Treatment objectives now include the alleviation of negative symptoms and @entity73 that are key prognostic factors.

title: [A history of antipsychotic long-acting injections in the treatment of XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity9852 :: ('MESH:C031637', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of interest']

entities_list: @entity58528 :: ('MESH:C017610', 'Chemical') :: ['fluphenazine enanthate']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exit from mitosis is a tightly regulated event. This process has been studied in greatest detail in budding @entity375 , where several activities have been identified that cooperate to downregulate activity of the @entity45178 -dependent kinase ( @entity37136 ) @entity11869 and force an exit from mitosis. @entity11869 is inactivated through proteolysis of B-type cyclins by the multisubunit ubiquitin ligase termed the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and inhibition by the @entity57985 ( @entity57985 ) Sic1. In contrast, the only mechanism known to be essential for @entity37136 inactivation during mitosis in higher eukaryotes is @entity45178 destruction. RESULTS: We now present evidence that the @entity238 @entity57985 Roughex (Rux) contributes to exit from mitosis. Observations of fixed and living embryos show that metaphase is significantly longer in rux mutants than in wild-type embryos. In addition, Rux overexpression is sufficient to drive cells experimentally arrested in metaphase into interphase. Furthermore, rux mutant embryos are impaired in their ability to overcome a transient metaphase arrest induced by expression of a stable @entity40938 . Rux has numerous functional similarities with Sic1. While these proteins share no sequence similarity, we show that Sic1 inhibits mitotic @entity25499 - @entity45178 complexes from @entity238 in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Rux inhibits @entity25499 - @entity40938 kinase activity during metaphase, thereby contributing to exit from mitosis. To our knowledge, this is the first mitotic function ascribed to a @entity57985 in a multicellular organism and indicates the existence of a novel regulatory mechanism for the metaphase to anaphase transition during development.

title: The @entity45178 -dependent kinase inhibitor Roughex is involved in mitotic exit in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity57985 :: ('43792(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor', 'CKI']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a powerful, high-throughput tool for whole genome analysis. Until recently, aCGH could only be reproducibly performed on frozen tissue samples and with significant tissue amounts. For @entity1313 however, @entity982 -embedded tissue blocks from small stereotactic biopsies may be the only tissue routinely available. The development of methods to analyze @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) material therefore has the potential to impact molecular diagnosis in a significant way. To this end, we constructed a BAC array representing chromosomes 1, 7, 19, and X because 1p/19q deletion and @entity470 gene amplification provide clinically relevant information for @entity11 diagnosis. We also optimized a two-step labeling procedure using an @entity6115 -modified @entity377 for generating aCGH probes. Using this approach, we analyzed a series of 28 FFPE @entity5 for alterations of chromosomes 1, 7, and 19. We also independently assayed these @entity5 for 1p/19q deletion by fluorescence in situ hybridization and by loss of heterozygosity analyses. The concordance between aCGH, standard loss of heterozygosity and fluorescence in situ hybridization was nearly 100% for the chromosomes analyzed. These results suggest that aCGH could offer an improved molecular diagnostic approach for @entity11 because of its ability to detect clinically relevant molecular alterations in small FFPE specimens.

title: @entity11 test array for use with @entity406 -fixed, XXXX -embedded tissue: array comparative genomic hybridization correlates with loss of heterozygosity and fluorescence in situ hybridization.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity982 :: (MESH:D010232,Chemical) :: ['paraffin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity677 @entity1 often undergo GI-surgery. Previous studies have shown that @entity2213 and @entity10542 exposures were @entity677 @entity1 with prior major gastrectomy. We investigated whether major gastrectomy influences the exposure to @entity2240 and its active metabolite @entity60897 . METHODS: Pharmacokinetic data from 305 @entity677 @entity1 included in 4 phase I-III trials were analyzed. @entity1 were subdivided into 6 groups according to their prior GI-surgery. Apparent clearance (CL/F) and dose-corrected steady-state plasma exposures (AUC24,ss) of @entity2240 and @entity60897 were estimated using a population PK approach. ANCOVA was performed to test for differences in AUC24,ss and CL/F between each surgery subgroup and controls. RESULTS: Major gastrectomy did not influence @entity2240 or @entity60897 exposure. The geometric mean of @entity2240 and @entity60897 AUC24,ss was decreased by 21% and 28% in @entity1 with both gastrectomy and small bowel resection (n =   8) compared to controls (n =   63) for @entity2240 (931 ng hr/mL (95%-CI; 676-1283) versus 1177 ng hr/mL (95%-CI; 1097-1263); p <   0.05) and @entity60897 (354 ng hr/mL (95%-CI; 174-720) versus 492 ng hr/mL (95%-CI; 435-555); p <   0.05). No significant differences in exposure were observed in each of the other subgroups versus controls. CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous results for @entity2213 and @entity10542 , gastrectomy alone does not influence @entity2240 or @entity60897 exposure. This should be taken into account for the treatment of gastrectomized @entity677 @entity1 with TKIs. In @entity1 who had undergone both gastrectomy and small bowel resection, @entity2240 and @entity60897 exposures are significantly, although clinically not relevantly, decreased.

title: Effect of gastrointestinal resection on XXXX exposure in @entity1 with @entity677 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity677 :: ('MESH:C564650', 'Disease') :: ['GIST', 'decreased in GIST']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['nilotinib']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1229 is commonly used as a secondary prevention of @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, limitations have been observed even with the use of this medication. Recently, several newer direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been approved for use by the food and drug administrations. Unfortunately, these newer drugs have seldom been compared directly with each other. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the @entity548 events associated with @entity3925 and @entity3926 in @entity1 treated for @entity955 . METHODS: EMBASE, Medline (National Library of Medicine) and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials were searched for studies comparing @entity3925 with @entity3926 using the terms ' @entity3925 , @entity3926 and @entity955 '. Primary endpoints were: any @entity548 outcomes, @entity548 . Secondary outcomes included @entity64 ( @entity64 )/transient @entity63 and mortality. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The pooled analyses were carried out with RevMan 5.3 software. All the authors had full access to the data and approved the manuscript as written. RESULTS: A total number of 4895 @entity1 were included. This analysis showed that @entity3925 was not associated with a significantly higher @entity548 event when compared to @entity3926 (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.95-1.72; P   =   0.11). @entity548 was similarly manifested between these two DOACs (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.43-2.25; P   =   0.97). Even if @entity510 was higher with the use of @entity3925 , (OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 0.51-9.25; P   =   0.29), the result was not statistically significant. Moreover, @entity64 were also not significantly different (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.53-1.23; P   =   0.32) and (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 0.73-5.82; P   =   0.17) respectively. However, even if mortality favored @entity3926 (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 0.99-2.06; P   =   0.06), this result only approached statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Head to head comparison showed that @entity3925 was not associated with significantly higher @entity548 events compared to @entity3926 . @entity510 , @entity548 , @entity64 and mortality were also not significantly different between these two DOACs. However, due to the limited number of @entity1 analyzed, and which were mainly obtained from observational studies, this hypothesis might only be confirmed in future randomized trials. Furthermore, the CHADS2-VASC and HAS-BLED score which might play an important role in predicting @entity548 risks should also not be ignored.

title: Bleeding outcomes associated with @entity3925 and @entity3926 in XXXX treated for @entity955 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'stroke/SE/TIA, venous thromboembolism', 'stroke/SE/TIA and venous thromboembolism', 'stroke/systemic embolism', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'bleeding', 'intracranial bleeding and gastro-intestinal (GI) bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic attack (TIA), venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding', 'Intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'non-valvular AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1229 , which requires coagulation monitoring, is associated with relatively high rates of @entity1031 despite providing adequate prophylaxis. This study compared an oral direct @entity556 inhibitor, @entity24772 , with @entity1229 in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the medication for the prevention of @entity1211 in @entity1 undergoing total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Following surgery, @entity1 were randomly assigned to fixed-dose oral @entity24772 (36 mg twice daily) or @entity1229 (target international normalized ratio, 2.5), both administered for seven to twelve days in a double-blind, double-dummy design. @entity1229 was initiated on the evening of the day of surgery, and @entity24772 , on the morning after surgery. The primary efficacy end point was the incidence of asymptomatic @entity1150 determined by bilateral venography, objectively confirmed symptomatic @entity1150 or @entity1151 , and death from all causes during treatment. RESULTS: Adequate venograms or confirmed symptomatic events (efficacy population) were obtained for 1949 @entity1 . @entity1211 and death from all causes occurred in 22.5% (221) of 982 @entity24772 -treated @entity1 and in 31.9% (308) of 967 @entity1229 -treated @entity1 (p < 0.001). Proximal @entity1150 and @entity1151 were observed in 3.1% (thirty) and 0.2%, respectively, of the @entity1 in the @entity24772 group and in 3.4% (thirty-three) and 0.4%, respectively, of the @entity1 in the @entity1229 group. The six deaths from all causes included 0.3% (four) of the @entity24772 -treated @entity1 and 0.2% (two) of the @entity1229 -treated @entity1 . Major @entity548 was noted in 1% (twelve) of the @entity24772 -treated @entity1 and in 0.4% (five) of the @entity1229 -treated @entity1 (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity24772 (36 mg twice daily), administered without coagulation monitoring or dose adjustment and started the day after total knee arthroplasty, demonstrates superior efficacy compared with @entity1229 prophylaxis, with no wound complications and no significant difference with respect to @entity548 events, although the rate of major @entity548 events was greater with @entity24772 than with @entity1229 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level I.

title: Oral direct @entity556 inhibitor XXXX compared with @entity1229 for the prevention of @entity1211 after total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity24772 :: ('MESH:C426686', 'Chemical') :: ['ximelagatran']

answer: @entity24772 :: (MESH:C426686,Chemical) :: ['ximelagatran']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1904 (PCT) is a precursor of the hormone calcitonin and has been proposed as a marker of @entity281 in critically ill @entity1 . We evaluated the role of @entity1904 in the early detection of @entity295 in an Australian intensive care-high dependency unit (ICU/HDU). METHODS: This prospective observational study enrolled 204 consecutive @entity1 admitted to the ICU/HDU of Wollongong Hospital, NSW, over a 3-month period, October to December 2001. Of the 204, 172 (84%) were included in the final analysis. @entity1 demographic data, serum PCT levels and the vital signs required to score the criteria for @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) and @entity295 were recorded daily until the @entity1 left the ICU. Cultures were obtained when clinically indicated. RESULTS: PCT measurement appears a useful screening test for @entity295 with a cut-off value > 0.85 ng/dL. At levels >10 ng/dL, its diagnostic accuracy improves significantly. PCT level was able to discriminate between @entity295 and nonsepsis, and between @entity326 and non- @entity326 . However, it failed to discriminate well between bacterial and non-bacterial @entity1850 with a 95% CI for area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.59-0.76. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PCT as a screening test (PCT >0.85ng/dL) in conjunction with traditional criteria is of value in the early diagnosis of @entity2348 in suspected cases in the ICU. PCT appears to be a reliable diagnostic test for @entity2348 at levels > 10 ng/dL.

title: Prospective evaluation of @entity1904 in XXXX in the Illawarra area of Australia: PEPSIA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin', 'Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial sepsis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity189 during pregnancy are faced with difficult decisions regarding therapy and the fate of their unborn @entity1 . A modest treatment delay for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage I cervical lesions is considered acceptable in @entity1 who wish to continue their pregnancy. METHODS: Two @entity1 with locally advanced @entity2622 diagnosed early in the second trimester strongly desired continuation of their pregnancies. They were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy until the third trimester, and then underwent delivery and definitive surgical treatment. The @entity1 were evaluated during pregnancy for evidence of a clinical response to chemotherapy. Intraoperative findings and pathologic analysis of the surgical material provided further objective data regarding disease status. RESULTS: Both @entity1 experienced a dramatic reduction in @entity5 volume, rendering radical hysterectomy feasible at the time of cesarean section. In addition, both @entity1 tolerated chemotherapy well and there were no adverse fetal effects. Favorable neonatal outcomes were achieved. One @entity1 experienced recurrence within 5 months of surgery, whereas the other @entity1 remained without evidence of disease for 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, these reports constitute the first description of the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive @entity957 in pregnancy (MEDLINE 1966-1997). This therapeutic option should be considered in selected @entity1 with locally advanced @entity2622 who do not want termination of their pregnancy.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced XXXX in pregnancy: a report of two cases and review of issues specific to the management of @entity2622 in pregnancy including planned delay of therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical carcinoma']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To address the long-term results of @entity31503 , an @entity6927 -antagonist, in @entity1 with @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: A 6-month, placebo-controlled study involving 518 @entity1 was followed by two successive one-year, open extensions. Only centres who wished to continue the trial participated in the extensions; 131 @entity1 entered the first extension, with 50 continuing into the second year extension. The results of the second year follow-up are presented here. RESULTS: Depending on their initial randomization to either the placebo or @entity31503 arm, @entity1 were treated with @entity31503 for 24 (n = 50) or 30 months (n = 22). The data collected on those 50 @entity1 in comparison to baseline confirmed that the clinical efficacy observed in short/medium-term studies was maintained. A clinically significant improvement in urinary symptoms was observed; the Boyarsky score decreased from 8.7 (+/- 0.3) at baseline to 5.2 (+/- 0.3) at 24 months, with no deterioration in the objective parameters. In @entity1 treated for 30 months (n = 22), symptomatic assessment and urodynamic parameters remained stable, indicating the sustained effectiveness of therapy. No serious or unexpected side-effect related to long-term exposure to @entity31503 was observed. No complications associated with @entity1067 occurred. Two @entity1 (4%) reported dizziness, neither of whom withdrew from the study. In this population, where 40% of @entity1 were receiving concomitant cardiovascular therapy, no clinically significant change in standing systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure or heart rate was apparent between baseline data and those at 24 months. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the usefulness of long-term treatment with @entity31503 in @entity1 with uncomplicated, moderate @entity1067 .

title: Long-term treatment of XXXX with @entity31503 : a 24-30 month survey. BPHALF Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity31503 :: ('MESH:C047638', 'Chemical') :: ['alfuzosin']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to investigate the secretor status of @entity1 with oral pre-cancerous and @entity5 and @entity20604 antigens expression in fixed tissue sections of these @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: To reveal A, B and H antigens in tissue sections of @entity1 with precancerous and @entity5 (n= 54) we used a modified specific red cell adherence technique (SRCA-test). Normal endothelial cells expressed @entity20604 antigens, the presence of indicator erythrocytes at the lumen of the blood vessels served as a built in positive control. The test results were graded from negative adherence to very strongly positive adherence. Negative adherence was defined as a complete absence of adhered indicator erythrocytes. A strongly positive reaction was defined as a sheet of indicator erythrocytes adhered to the epithelia cells. RESULTS: In 31 of the 54 samples analyzed the test showed slightly positive results on atypical areas, and there was a complete antigen deletion in areas histologically affected by @entity5 . Sixteen samples showed a total absence of @entity20604 antigens in both histologically normal and pathological areas. As a working hypothesis, we propose that areas of SRCA-test negative epithelium are closely related to invasive @entity189 and may be their precursor lesions. Further it is suggested that areas of blood group isoantigen negative epithelium showing atypia, or in some instances near normal histology, may give rise to relatively low grade @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: Considering these results we suggest the use of this method to monitor probable @entity1613 in risk population, specially in those with no secretor status.

title: Secretor status and @entity20604 antigens expression in XXXX with oral lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions', 'neoplasia', 'cancerous oral lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The World Health Organization regards illness due to contaminated food as one of the most widespread health problems in the contemporary world. Food safety especially in the weaning groups is one of the major concerns that have posed a threat to health of the @entity1 . Millions of @entity1 in the world die each year from @entity5163 ; hundreds of millions suffer from frequent episodes of @entity294 and consequent impairment of nutritional status. Contaminated foods play a major role in the occurrence of @entity5163 . Apart from food contamination, transmission of @entity281 occurs by direct contact, highly favored by the habits and customs of the @entity1 . Improper storage and handling of cooked food is equally responsible for @entity6766 , as during storage especially at ambient temperature (28-38 degrees C) there is the risks of multiplication of pathogenic organisms increase. Food safety education is a critical prerequisite and is an essential element in control and prevention of @entity5163 . However, no preventive measures can ever be successful without the acute involvement of the caretakers, other family members and the community. To sensitize the community in a catalytic manner, health workers, community leaders and community volunteers can act as effective change agent, to bring about a behavior that can lead to improvement in their real life practices, thereby reducing the prevalence of diarrheal episodes in young @entity1 . Food Safety Education Programs that involve volunteers are cost effective as they can be reached to a maximum number of @entity1 through limited health personnels, and by this, the community can be made responsible for its own health problems.

title: Complementary foods associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food-borne illnesses']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal diseases']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: @entity404 + T cells differentiate into at least two distinct subsets, @entity1198 and Th2, that are characterized by their cytokine-producing profiles. In this study, we attempted to delineate whether and how @entity404 + T-cell responses could be skewed in one direction or another. BALB/c @entity19 were immunized with @entity1573 ovalbumin (OVA) emulsified with either incomplete or complete Freund's adjuvant (IFA or @entity3795 ). When lymph node cells were assessed on day 7, antigen specific proliferation was similarly observed both in the @entity19 immunized with IFA and @entity3795 . In contrast, on day 28 there was a less significant response in the @entity19 primed with IFA than in those primed with @entity3795 . ELISA analyses revealed more @entity1198 predominant cytokine production by T cells immunized with OVA+ @entity3795 rather than in IFA, which resulted in balanced IFN-gamma and IL-4 production. Flow cytometric analyses of intracellular cytokines confirmed that T cells from @entity19 primed with @entity3795 produced @entity1198 cytokines more predominantly. When lymph node dendritic cells (DC) were compared for their co-stimulatory molecule expression, priming with @entity3795 and IFA similarly upregulated CD80 and CD86 expression by lymph node DC, and no significant differences were observed in CD40, 54, 80 and 86 expression between the DC harvested from IFA and @entity3795 immunized @entity19 . In addition, both priming with IFA and @entity3795 similarly induced IL-12 production by DC. Thus, although the reason(s) for the preferential induction of a @entity1198 /Th2 response remains unknown, these results indicate that a relatively @entity1198 /Th2 skewed response is differentially induced by different types of adjuvants, and induction of a @entity1198 skewed response may be responsible for long lasting cellular immunity.

title: Induction of skewed XXXX /Th2 T-cell differentiation via subcutaneous immunization with Freund's adjuvant.

answer: @entity1198 :: (51497,Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to investigate how the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores contribute to increased length of stay (LOS) and healthcare costs in @entity173 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through retrospective analysis at an Urban level I @entity130 center, charts for all @entity1 over the age of 60 years who presented with low-energy @entity173 were evaluated. 615 @entity1 who underwent operative fixation of @entity173 or hemiarthroplasty secondary to @entity173 were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes search and included in the study. Data was collected on @entity1 demographics, medical comorbidities, and hospitalization length; from this, the CCI score and the cost to the institution (with an average cost/day of inpatient stay of  4,530) were calculated. RESULTS: Multivariate linear regression analysis modeled the length of stay as a function of CCI score. Each unit increase in the CCI score corresponded to an increase in length of hospital stay and hospital costs incurred [effect size  =  0.21; (0.0434-0.381); p  =  0.014]. @entity1 with a CCI score of 2 (compared to a baseline CCI score of 0), on average, stayed 1.92 extra days in the hospital, and incurred  8,697.60 extra costs. CONCLUSIONS: The CCI score is associated with length of stay and hospital costs incurred following treatment for @entity173 . The CCI score may be a useful tool for risk assessment in bundled payment plans. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

title: Relationship between the Charlson Comorbidity Index and cost of treating XXXX : implications for bundled payment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: Germinal centers (GCs) are histologically defined areas where B cells undergo extensive proliferation and maturation, or die of apoptosis. @entity21694 cells isolated from @entity1 tonsils can be phenotypically identified by expression of peanut agglutinin (PNA)-binding sites and can be further divided into subpopulations based on their expression of @entity17267 . To assess the functional potential of @entity21694 cells, we studied @entity17267 + PNA+ B cells isolated from tonsils by examining their differentiation status and their ability to proliferate in vitro to various cytokines and costimulants. We found that @entity17267 + @entity21694 cells are less differentiated than @entity17267 - @entity21694 cells; @entity21694 cells less frequently express cytoplasmic IgG and IgM, and spontaneously secrete less Ig compared to @entity17267 - @entity21694 cells. To identify conditions capable of inducing @entity21694 cell proliferation, we examined @entity3646 , @entity1199 , @entity379 , low molecular weight BCGF (LMW-BCGF), and an MLR supernatant along with costimulants such as anti-IgM antibody, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC), @entity4515 , and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). While non- @entity21694 cells proliferate strongly in response to these stimuli, @entity21694 cells did not proliferate. However, @entity17267 + as well as @entity17267 - @entity21694 cells mounted a rapid and strong proliferative response upon stimulation with @entity3646 , but only in the presence of anti- @entity2936 antibody. Moreover, although nine additional cytokines were examined, only @entity3646 was capable of supporting @entity17267 + @entity21694 cell proliferation in the presence of anti- @entity2936 antibody. When cells were stimulated with @entity3646 and anti- @entity2936 antibody, we also found that @entity379 consistently decreased the proliferative response of @entity17267 + @entity21694 cells without affecting the response of non- @entity21694 cells. Taken together, these data indicate that @entity21694 cells have characteristic growth requirements and that @entity3646 may be important for @entity21694 cell growth in vivo.

title: Functional properties of XXXX germinal center B cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify the angiographic predictors of a future @entity1188 , to study their interaction with time to @entity1188 , @entity1 risk factors and medications, and to evaluate their clinical utility for risk stratification. BACKGROUND: Identification of coronary lesions at risk of @entity432 remains challenging. @entity850 severity is poorly predictive but other @entity850 descriptors might be better predictors. METHODS: Eighty-four @entity1 with an @entity583 and a coronary angiogram performed within the preceding 36 months (baseline angiogram), and after @entity1188 were selected. All coronary @entity850 (from 10% to 95% lumen diameter reduction) at baseline angiogram were analyzed by computer-assisted quantification. Each of the 84 lesions responsible for the @entity1188 (culprit) was compared with the nonculprit @entity850 (controls) in the same @entity1 . RESULTS: Culprit lesions were more symmetrical (symmetry index +15%; p < 0.001), had steeper outflow angles (maximal angle +4 degrees; p < 0.001), were more severe (percent @entity850 +5%; p = 0.001) and longer (+ 1.5 mm, p = 0.01) than controls. The symmetry index and the outflow angles were the two independent predictors of @entity1188 at three-year follow-up. @entity850 severity predicted only @entity1188 occurring within 1 year after angiography. In moderately severe @entity850 (40% to 70% @entity850 ), stratification using the symmetry index and outflow angles accurately predicted lesions remaining free of occlusion and @entity1188 at three-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Better characterization of @entity850 geometry might help to understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms triggering coronary occlusion and to stratify @entity1 for improved care.

title: Geometric features of coronary artery lesions favoring @entity432 and XXXX : a quantitative angiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['acute occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenoses', 'Stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical features, imaging characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of a case with @entity4767 caused by Exophiala dermatitidis, as well as to review the related literature. METHOD: Associated literature and clinical data of an 8-year-old @entity1 who was diagnosed as @entity4767 caused by Exophiala dermatitidis in Beijing @entity1 's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University and hospitalized twice from 2012 to 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: The @entity1 was 8 years old with the chief complaint of @entity1296 for 2 months, intermittent fever for 1 month accompanied with @entity2473 twice. He was diagnosed as bile ducts space-occupying lesions 2 years ago, when the pathological diagnosis was @entity364 . The @entity1 was treated with irregular anti-fungal therapy. Then the @entity1 developed @entity16 , @entity1662 and abnormal physical activity that developed gradually. After hospitalization the cerebral MRI of the @entity1 showed space-occupying lesions accompanied with @entity4 of surrounding area. Filamentous fungi was found by brain biopsy, which was culture positive for Exophiala dermatitidis. After diagnosis the @entity1 was treated with @entity2379 (AMB), @entity5074 and 5-Fu, as well as symptomatic treatment. The state of the @entity1 was improved gradually. Two months later, the @entity1 could communicate with others normally and move personally. The lesions and @entity4 seen on the MRI was decreased moderately. Accordingly, the @entity1 was treated with oral @entity5074 maintenance treatment for about 1 year and 4 months after discharge. During this period, the state of him was stable without symptoms. The lesions shown by MRI did not disappear but decreased on regular examination. However, recently the disease of the @entity1 progressed again, with @entity1296 , @entity4048 , @entity10 and @entity16 (intermittent @entity2473 , inability to cough, and @entity1662 ). The @entity1 died at last, even with the active treatment at the second hospitalization. Exophiala dermatitidis was culture-positive again in his CSF, and was confirmed by PCR successfully. CONCLUSION: The @entity4767 caused by Exophiala dermatitidis is rare. Clinical features of this disease were similar to those of other fungal CNS @entity281 , cerebral MRI of which could show the similar lumpy lesions. Diagnosis of the disease should be based on pathology and culture.

title: [ XXXX caused by Exophiala dermatitidis in a case and literature review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system infection']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['progressive nervous symptoms', 'nervous symptoms']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity4767 :: (MESH:D002494,Disease) :: ['Central nervous system infection']


abstract: @entity309 or, more correctly, juvenile chronic @entity625 with its many clinical manifestations can be separated into the @entity4932 with acute beginning, high fever and a high percentage of extra-articulalar, i.e. visceral symptoms, and the chronic @entity625 in the more strict sense with non-visceral symptoms. The @entity59835 should be regarded as a subseptic first stage of the Still syndrome. The @entity4932 implies a @entity262 mainly of the reticulo-endothelial system, with @entity2401 , @entity8 , recurrent erythemas, and a progressing @entity625 . Later symptoms are @entity2783 , @entity1310 , myo- and @entity2396 , and artheriitis necroticans. Predominanly the involvement of the kidneys is the reasons for the high mortality rate of 13%. @entity102 in the strict sense is similar in @entity1 and adults, though in @entity1 rheumatic factors are rarely detected. The exsudative form of @entity625 tends to cause @entity5122 . Joint symptoms are distributed asymmetrically and show locally inflammed growth otherwise less common in @entity4932 . @entity1511 cervicalis rapidly causes @entity3947 . @entity625 with consequent atlanto-axial dislocation can be the reason for neurological disturbances. Juvenile mono- or oligo- @entity625 often turns into @entity625 ; but for joints the prognosis is more favourable. In contrast, @entity309 as found in 22% of the cases causes unfavourable complications because symptoms are not noticed in time so that treatment is often too late. @entity1511 ankylosans begins with a peripheral arthritic stage which is not easily distinguished from chronic @entity625 . The male sex, mono- or @entity4932 of the outer extremities, @entity158 , @entity5502 , and a positive HLA of 27 give a diagnostic clue. -- Characteristics of the therapy will be discussed.

title: [ XXXX and related collagen diseases. Clinical aspects (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['chronic nephritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Atlanto-axial-arthritis', 'arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['early deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['Still-syndrome', 'oligoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile spondylitis', 'Spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity59835 :: ('MESH:D014924', 'Disease') :: ['subsepsis allergica']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the heel, atlanto-axial-arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid iridocyclitis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reports on recurrence and outcomes of @entity10479 @entity1 with @entity356 are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine incidence and pattern of recurrence after curative intent surgery for @entity356 . STUDY DESIGN: Using the multi-institutional @entity10479 @entity356 Collaborative database, we identified 817 @entity1 undergoing curative intent resection for @entity356 between 2000 and 2012. Patterns and rates of recurrence along with associated risk factors were identified using adjusted regression analysis. Recurrences were classified as locoregional, peritoneal, or hematogenous. RESULTS: Median @entity1 age was 65.8 years (interquartile range [IQR] 56.4, 74.7); the majority of @entity1 were male (n = 462, 56.6%) and white (n = 511, 62.5%). At the time of surgery, the majority of @entity1 underwent a partial gastrectomy (n = 481, 59.2%) with a complete R0 resection achieved in 91.6% (n = 748) of @entity1 . At the time of last follow-up, 244 (29.9%) of 817 @entity1 developed a recurrence; 163 (66.8%) @entity1 had recurrence at only a single site; the remaining 81 (33.2%) had multiple sites of initial recurrence. Among @entity1 who recurred at a single site, recurrence was most common at a distant location and included hematogenous (n = 57, 23.4%) or peritoneal (n = 47, 19.3%) only @entity3 . @entity5 at the gastroesophageal junction (odds ratio [OR] 3.18, 95% CI 1.08 to 9.40; p = 0.04) were associated with higher risk of locoregional recurrence, while the presence of @entity75 (OR 10.82, 95% CI 3.56 to 32.85; p < 0.001) remained associated with an increased risk of distant hematogenous recurrence after adjusted analysis. Recurrence was associated with worse survival, with a median recurrence-free survival of 10.8 months (IQR 8.9, 12.8) among those who experienced a recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one-third of @entity1 experienced recurrence after @entity356 surgery. The most common site of recurrence was distant.

title: Rates and patterns of recurrence after curative intent resection for XXXX : a United States multi-institutional analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The purpose of our investigations was to answer the question of whether an increased number of @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) in endothelial cells (EC) of the mesenteric terminal vascular bed will be seen in the early phase of a traumatic @entity548 (THS). A THS was induced in 32 adult @entity5698 according to a standardized model ( @entity174 of right heel and withdrawal of one third blood volume through carotid catheter). Eight animals each time were killed 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after shock induction. Tissue samples of mesenteric microvessels were taken and flatly embedded in Epon. The mesenterium of 8 animals was used as control. @entity2383 formed in the perinuclear and/or peripheric regions of endothelial cytoplasm were visually evaluated and divided into 3 degrees on the basis of 1,500 micrographs. Results were statistically analyzed. A significantly higher degree of @entity2383 (microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules) in EC was found in all shock groups as compared with the control group. @entity2383 are frequently clearly seen in oedematous and swollen EC as well as in EC rich in organelles. Capillaries with @entity3179 are especially predisposed to @entity2383 . Different factors as changed interaction between vascular content and EC, @entity519 and @entity63 as well an increased metabolic activity of EC have to be considered as possible causes.

title: Cytoskeletal alterations in endothelial cells of mesenteric microcirculatory bed in experimental traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['CSS', 'cytoskeletal structures']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhagic shock']


abstract: @entity66 has been shown to induce either apoptosis or @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) in different cell types. At present, it is generally accepted that stem cells have high resistance to oxidative stress; however data reported by various authors are controversial. In this study, we investigated stress responses of @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESC) and @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (hMESC) derived from desquamated endometrium to @entity273 ( @entity274 ). Cell viability was evaluated by @entity98 assay. LD50 were determined as 300-350, 350-400 and 600-700  M for hESC, @entity1 embryonic fibroblasts and hMESC, respectively. Thus, among the cell lines studied, hMESC demonstrated the most resistance to increased @entity274 concentration. We have found for the first time that sub-lethal doses of @entity274 induce premature senescence phenotype in hMESC, like in HEF, which is characterized by increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ), an irreversible cell cycle arrest, the permanent loss of proliferative potential, cell hypertrophy and SA-b-Gal staining. While a sub-lethal @entity274 dose (200  M) promoted in hMESC only @entity1642 , the higher @entity274 doses induced also apoptosis in the part of the cell population. On the contrary, in hESC, @entity274 regardless of the doses tested (from 50 to 500  M) triggered apoptosis, that was the only pronounced response of these cells to oxidative damage. The data obtained demonstrate that stem cells of various origins under oxidative stress utilize the different defense mechanisms: hESC rapidly eliminate damaged cells through apoptosis, whereas hMESC may enter @entity1642 .

title: [Differences in defense mechanisms against oxidative stress in both XXXX embryonic and endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['SIPS', 'stress-induced premature senescence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze @entity2973 and @entity28 in a nation by self-report (SR) data and by data about the target @entity1 provided via other household members compared to @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ). The magnitude of hypothesized under-reporting by the SR data should be estimated with adjustment for age, gender, and education. DESIGN: Two cross-sectional studies, nationally representative health examination surveys (response rates: 61.4 and 73.2%, respectively). SETTING: Adult general population of Germany aged 20-79 years. SUBJECTS: Sample 1 included 6806 residents. Samples 2 (n=98 673) and 3 (n=34 960) included residents in the second survey. MEASUREMENTS: In sample 1 @entity1652 data were collected, in sample 2 SR data were collected, and in sample 3 body weight and height information was provided from another household member living together with the target @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1652 data revealed higher proportions of @entity2973 and @entity28 compared to SR. Among @entity1 with body mass index (BMI) 35.00 or higher, the odds ratio (OR) was 3.9 (95% confidence interval, CI, 3.2-4.7), and among @entity1 2.8 (CI, 2.2-3.6) for @entity1652 versus SR. Data from other household members also revealed higher proportions of @entity2973 and @entity28 than SR (OR for BMI 35.00 or higher 2.1, CI, 1.7-2.5, for data from other household members versus SR in @entity1 and OR 1.3, CI, 1.1-1.5, in @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1652 data should be used when providing proportions of @entity2973 and @entity28 in a nation such as Germany.

title: Validity of XXXX and @entity28 in a nation based on self-report versus measurement device data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'measurement devices']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

answer: @entity2973 :: (MESH:D050177,Disease) :: ['overweight']


abstract: It is important to repair or ameliorate the @entity63 in @entity3124 @entity1 . Recent study of our suggests the superiority of @entity452 , but not @entity935 , in improving the intestinal oxygenation. In this study we examined the effects of @entity1502 (PF), glucagon (GL) and @entity5015 (PGE1) during reduced blood flow of the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) in 20 anesthetized @entity235 . As an index of the intestinal oxygenation, tonometrically measured intestinal intramural pH (pHi) was used. A tonometer was inserted into the midjejunum through enterotomy. The @entity6029 blood flow was measured by a transit-time flow meter. A vascular screw clamp for blood flow reduction was placed around the origin of the @entity6029 , proximal to the flow probe. The @entity6029 blood flow was adjusted to 70% of baseline for three hours. After two hours of @entity551 , pHi dropped significantly from baseline. Then, either PF (20 mg.kg-1.min-1 over 10 min, followed by 0.1 mg.kg-1.min-1), GL (1 microgram.kg-1.min-1) or @entity5015 (0.05 and 0.5 microgram.kg-1.min-1) was infused intravenously for one hour. With infusions of GL and large dose of PGE1, pHi tended to decrease further, although GL increased the cardiac output. Small dose of PGE1 had no significant effect on pHi. PF treatment showed beneficial effects not only on the cardiac output and the @entity6029 blood flow, but also on pHi. We conclude that PF therapy may restore the intestinal microvascular blood flow. Further study of the effects of PF on tissue oxygenation and blood rheology is warranted.

title: [How should we treat XXXX ?--II: Effects of @entity1502 , glucagon and @entity5015 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1', 'PGE1']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased blood flow']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['intestinal ischemia']


abstract: We investigated the mechanism by which @entity268 increases @entity1372 transport in lung epithelial cells. @entity133 ( @entity133 ) cells have two types of @entity6478 -sensitive, cation channels: a nonselective cation channel (NSC) and a highly selective channel (HSC). Exposure of @entity133 cells to @entity268 , beta-adrenergic agonists, or other agents that increase adenylyl cyclase activity increased activity of both channel types, albeit by different mechanisms. NSC open probability (P(o)) increased severalfold when exposed to @entity4183 , @entity3044 , @entity1928 , or @entity268 analogs without any change in NSC number. In contrast, @entity4183 increased HSC number with no significant change in HSC P(o). For both channels, the effect of @entity4183 was blocked by @entity1169 and @entity9501 , suggesting a protein kinase A (PKA) requirement for beta-adrenergic-induced changes in channel activity. @entity4183 increased @entity268 levels in @entity133 cells, but intracellular @entity460 also increased. @entity460 sequestration with @entity18650 blocked beta-adrenergic-induced increases in NSC P(o) but did not alter HSC activity. These observations suggest that beta-adrenergic stimulation increases intracellular @entity268 and activates PKA. PKA increases HSC number and increases intracellular @entity460 . The increase in @entity460 increases NSC P(o). Thus increased @entity268 levels are likely to increase lung @entity1372 transport regardless of which channel type is present.

title: Beta-adrenergic regulation of @entity6478 -sensitive lung XXXX channels.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['ATII', 'Alveolar type II']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline', 'Terbutaline']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: Formation of inner- and outer-sphere complexes of environmentally important divalent ions on the @entity29805 surface was examined by applying the charge distribution @entity1050 model for inner- and outer-sphere complexation. The model assumes spatial charge distribution between the surface (0-plane) and the next electrostatic plane (1-plane) for innersphere complexation and between the 1-plane and the head end of the diffuse double layer (2-plane) for the outersphere complexation. The latter approach has been used because the distance of closest approach to a charged surface may differ for different ions. The surface structural approach implies the use of a Three-Plane model for the compact part (Stern layer) of solid-solution interface, which is divided into two layers. The thickness of each layer depends on the capacitance and the local dielectric constant. The new approach has been applied to describe the adsorption of @entity1760 , @entity460 , @entity9756 , and @entity597 ions. It is shown that the concept can successfully describe the development of surface charge in the presence of @entity141 , @entity1025 , Sr(+2), and SO4(-2) as a function of loading, pH, and salt level, and also the shift in the isoelectric point (IEP) of @entity29805 . The @entity1050 modeling revealed that, for the conditions studied, @entity1760 is mainly adsorbed as a bidentate innersphere complex, @entity460 can be a combination of bidentate innersphere and a monodentate inner- or outer-sphere complexes, and @entity9756 is probably adsorbed as an outersphere complex. Sulfate is present as a mixture of inner- and outer-sphere monodentate complexes. Outersphere complexation is less pH dependent than innersphere complexation. The @entity1050 model predicts that the outersphere complexation of divalent cations and anions is relatively favorable at respectively low and high pH. Increase of ion loading favors the formation of innersphere complexes.

title: Inner- and outer-sphere complexation of ions at the XXXX -solution interface.

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity29805 :: (MESH:C094886,Chemical) :: ['goethite']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study @entity554 receptor expression in sebaceous cell @entity189 . METHODS: Expression of @entity554 receptors (RAR alpha, beta, and gamma and RXR alpha, beta, and gamma) in @entity5 specimens from 10 @entity1 with sebaceous cell @entity189 and in 3 normal incidental tarsus specimens from healthy adults without @entity5 was studied immunohistochemically by using antiretinoid receptor antibodies. RESULTS: In all 3 specimens of normal tarsus, all 6 @entity554 receptors were expressed. @entity4879 expression was absent in 3 @entity5 and was decreased in 3 @entity5 compared with expression in the control tissues. @entity4882 expression in @entity189 was primarily perinuclear; 6 @entity5 showed increased @entity4882 expression compared with controls. @entity19713 expression was absent in 4 @entity5 and was decreased in 2 @entity5 compared with controls. @entity13351 nuclear expression was decreased compared with controls in 5 @entity5 . @entity17841 expression was low in 7 @entity5 . RXRgamma expression was absent in 6 @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Aberrant expression of @entity554 receptors in sebaceous cell @entity189 might play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of this @entity189 .

title: XXXX receptor subtypes in sebaceous cell @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the eyelid', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity554 :: (CHEBI:26537,Chemical) :: ['Retinoid']


abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) can induce cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses against @entity5 antigens in vitro and in vivo, yet few @entity5 @entity1 experience @entity5 regression after DC-based vaccination. Combination with other treatment modalities, such as radiation or pharmacologic anticancer agents, may reduce @entity5 cell resistance against immune responses. The authors tested whether treatment with @entity136 or @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitors increases the sensitivity of @entity3123 cells to CTL-mediated killing. Monocyte-derived DCs of HLA-A2+ donors were loaded with lysate from the HLA-A2+ @entity3123 cell line Panc-1 and co-cultured with autologous CD3+ T cells. ELISPOT and @entity137 assays performed after two rounds of in vitro stimulation confirmed induction of a @entity5 -specific CTL response. Changes in the magnitude and the effector mechanism of the CTL response were analyzed after treatment of Panc-1 cells with @entity136 and @entity3840 inhibitors. Compared with @entity136 , @entity3840 inhibitors more effectively sensitized Panc-1 cells to CTL-mediated killing and showed less inhibition of T-cell activation by DCs in vitro. Using anti- @entity1197 blocking antibody, the authors showed that the increase in CTL-mediated @entity5 cell killing observed after treatment with @entity3840 inhibitors is dependent on @entity1197 / @entity1197 ligand interaction. Increased apoptosis of Panc-1 cells treated with @entity3840 inhibitor was also observed after incubation with agonistic anti- @entity1197 antibody. Sensitization of @entity5 cells to @entity1197 -dependent killing by CTLs represents a novel mechanism of action for @entity3840 inhibitors and provides a rationale for their concomitant use with immunotherapeutic strategies such as DC-based vaccination.

title: Chemosensitization of @entity3123 cells to enhance T cell-mediated XXXX induced by @entity5 lysate-pulsed dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity7426 advises pediatricians to counsel parents and @entity1 who use @entity286 to quit. This study assesses changes in counseling between 2004 and 2010, and factors associated with counseling in 2010. METHODS: In 2004 and 2010, the Periodic Survey, a national survey of @entity7426 members, inquired about @entity286 counseling. Chi-square tests were performed to compare responses by survey year. Bivariate and multivariable analyses examined factors associated with counseling. RESULTS: Similar proportions of pediatricians in both years (N2004=535 and N2010=549) advised adolescents who smoke to quit (85% v 81%), discussed quitting techniques (34% v 32%), and recommended @entity1239 replacement medications (17% v 18%). More pediatricians in 2010 reported helping @entity1 assess reasons for and against continuing to smoke (56% v 48%), providing quitting materials (20% v 15%), and referring @entity1 to cessation programs (18% v 13%). More pediatricians in 2010 reported providing quitting materials to parents who smoke (14% v 10%) and referring to smoking cessation programs (16% v 11%) (all p <.05). Pediatricians' confidence in their ability to counsel, with more @entity286 prevention training, and routine documentation of @entity1 ' @entity286 smoke exposure were associated with counseling about cessation. CONCLUSION: Most pediatricians advised @entity1 and parents who smoke to quit, and these percentages did not change from 2004 to 2010. Although percentages for assisting with cessation did increase for several activities, most pediatricians still do not do so. Opportunities exist to improve clinicians' protection of @entity1 from @entity286 and @entity286 smoke through quitline referrals, motivational interviewing, and offering medications.

title: Changes and Factors Associated with XXXX Counseling: Results from the @entity7426 Periodic Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: The recent discovery of @entity28811 (SEOV) presence in wild @entity35 populations in the Netherlands has direct implications for Dutch clinicians and hantavirus diagnostics. SEOV is amongst the Old World hantaviruses which cause @entity7594 ( @entity7594 ) in @entity1 . @entity7594 is characterised by a classical triad of fever, @entity810 and @entity548 , but can show different signs and symptoms in specific cases. SEOV is transmitted from infected @entity35 to @entity1 by inhalation of aerosolised excreta. When compared with the known circulating hantaviruses in the Netherlands, Puumala (PUUV) and Tula (TULV), SEOV causes a more severe form of @entity7594 . Data from cohort studies undertaken in China and Northern Europe show differences in signs and symptoms at onset of disease, ( @entity548 ) complications and mortality. Furthermore, routine diagnostics currently available for hantavirus diagnosis in the Netherlands are not optimised for SEOV detection. The clinical outcome of an SEOV and PUUV infection will greatly benefit from an early diagnosis which will reduce the costs of unnecessary tests and treatments as well. The discovery of SEOV circulation in the Netherlands follows recent findings of @entity9673 in both rodents and @entity1 in England, Wales, France, Belgium and Sweden, indicating the emerging character of SEOV and a high importance of this hantavirus for Public Health in large areas of Europe. Here, we review the current knowledge on the clinical manifestation of SEOV versus PUUV @entity281 in @entity1 , the treatment of clinical cases and diagnostics.

title: XXXX in @entity35 in the Netherlands: implications for physicians - Epidemiology, clinical aspects, treatment and diagnostics.

entities_list: @entity7594 :: ('MESH:D006480', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome', 'HFRS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity9673 :: ('MESH:D018778', 'Disease') :: ['SEOV infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity28811 :: ('11608', 'Species') :: ['Seoul hantavirus']

answer: @entity28811 :: (11608,Species) :: ['Seoul hantavirus']


abstract: The pathogenicity of antibodies against b2-glycoprotein I (anti- @entity9500 ) depends on multiple factors such as subclass type, epitope binding and avidity. Due to their large heterogeneity, their impact on @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) onset is still not fully clarified. We studied the binding characteristics of IgG anti- @entity9500 with known avidity from sera of 201 autoimmune @entity1 (87 with @entity1701 , 67 with @entity1701 associated with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), 47 with only @entity1252 ) to six @entity9500 peptides corresponding to @entity535 clusters on domains I-II, II, III and III-IV by indirect ELISA and evaluated their association with clinical features of @entity1701 . Peptides A (LKTPRV; domain I-II), B (KDKATF; domain IV) and C (TLRVYK; domain III) were derived from a hexapeptide phage display library previously shown to react with pathogenic monoclonal anti- @entity9500 . Peptides D (NGPANSK; domain III), E (YNPLWFV; domain II) and F (KMDGNHP; domain III-IV) represent surface @entity535 clusters on @entity9500 . The percentage of @entity1 positive for peptides were observed as follows: 30.3  % for peptide D, 28.90  % for B, 25.9  % for C, 24.9  % for E, 24.4  % for F and 10.0  % for A. The anti-peptide antibodies in studied serum samples were predominantly of heterogeneous avidity, followed by law avidity anti-peptide antibodies, whereas only a few were of high avidity. Positive and negative correlations were found between several anti-peptide antibodies and the rate of @entity715 . Our results indicated diverse reactivity of IgG anti- @entity9500 to different epitopes on @entity9500 . Classification of IgG anti- @entity9500 into subgroups regarding epitope specificity and avidity could represent an additional tool in understanding their pathogenicity in @entity1701 .

title: Immunoreactivity and avidity of IgG anti-b2-glycoprotein I antibodies from XXXX with autoimmune diseases to different peptide clusters of b2-glycoprotein I.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity72 is a @entity245 characterized by @entity497 and repetitive and stereotyped interests and behaviours. Although not part of the diagnostic criteria, individuals with @entity2438 experience a host of @entity73 , potentially due to abnormalities in how they learn motor control throughout development. Here, we used behavioural techniques to quantify motor learning in @entity72 , and structural brain imaging to investigate the neural basis of that learning in the cerebellum. Twenty @entity1 with @entity72 and 20 typically developing control subjects, aged 8-12, made reaching movements while holding the handle of a robotic manipulandum. In random trials the reach was perturbed, resulting in errors that were sensed through vision and proprioception. The brain learned from these errors and altered the motor commands on the subsequent reach. We measured learning from error as a function of the sensory modality of that error, and found that @entity1 with @entity72 outperformed typically developing @entity1 when learning from errors that were sensed through proprioception, but underperformed typically developing @entity1 when learning from errors that were sensed through vision. Previous work had shown that this learning depends on the integrity of a region in the anterior cerebellum. Here we found that the anterior cerebellum, extending into lobule VI, and parts of lobule @entity797 were smaller than normal in @entity1 with @entity72 , with a volume that was predicted by the pattern of learning from @entity227 . We suggest that the abnormal patterns of motor learning in @entity1 with @entity72 , showing an increased sensitivity to proprioceptive error and a decreased sensitivity to @entity227 , may be associated with abnormalities in the cerebellum.

title: Behavioural and neural basis of anomalous motor learning in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and proprioceptive errors', 'visual error']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairments']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in social and communication skills']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['Autism spectrum disorder', 'autism spectrum disorder']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 9014 Background: Prognosis of @entity1 (pts) with metastatic soft tissue @entity242 (STS) is poor even after an objective clinical response to intensive @entity632 based chemotherapy (response rate (RR) 23-45 %, median survival 13-15 months). Whether HDCT and PBSCR improves these results is an open question. We report phase II data of response to AI-G chemotherapy regime in pts with metastatic STS and the efficacy of HDCT and PBSCT. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1997 to 2003, 55 pts with metastatic STS were prospectively treated with 4 cycles of AI-G ( @entity632 75mg/m2, @entity1260 6g/m2 with @entity1261 support) as induction chemotherapy. After assessment of response pts with CR or PR received 2 further cycles AI-G with collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). HDCT consisted of @entity1260 (12g/m2), @entity2879 (1,2g/m2) and @entity3003 (1,2g/m2) ( @entity2033 -ICE) followed by reinfusion of PBSCs. RESULTS: Of 55 pts 20 pts (RR 36%) were assessed as responders (3CR;17PR) and all but two pts, who refused, received HDCT with PBSCR. The 18 pts receiving @entity2033 -ICE experienced grade IV hematologic @entity137 while no severe @entity166 complications were observed and no toxic @entity204 occured. By intent to treat analysis (20 pts) the 2-year and 5-year-overall survival (OS) are 50% and 26 %, the median survival @entity4318 months (median follow-up 21 months). Of nine pts being alive four pts are alive with NED at 11+, 22+, 42+,79+ months and five pts are alive with disease at 11+, 14+, 17+, 31+, 37+ months. 11 pts have died. CONCLUSION: Survival of pts with chemosensitive metastatic STS seems to be significantly prolonged by HDCT and PBSCR. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Efficacy of consolidation high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with @entity1260 , @entity3003 and @entity2879 followed by peripheral blood stem cell rescue (PBSCR) in chemosensitive @entity1 with metastatic soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomised controlled study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of repeated ejaculation on semen characteristics following @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) in a prospective randomised controlled study. SETTING: Spinal Research Centre, Stanmore, UK and Institute of Urology and Nephrology, London, UK. METHODS: A total of 74 @entity1 with @entity1566 above T10 were tested by vibro-ejaculation using a Ferticare penile vibrator (Multicept A/S Horsholm, Denmark) using a standardised technique. The ejaculate was examined according to WHO protocol. The successfully vibro-ejaculated subjects (n = 32) were randomised into a study group (n = 18) and a control group (n = 14). The @entity1 in the study group vibro-ejaculated weekly for 3 months with semen analysis performed at baseline and then monthly. The control group vibro-ejaculated at baseline and at the end of the 3-month period. Two experienced observers performed the semen analysis independently. All measures were compared for statistical significance across the two groups at the beginning and at the end of the 3-month period using a two-tailed student t-test. Significance was determined at the 95% confidence interval (P < 0.05). RESULTS: In total, 10 @entity1 in the study group and nine in the control group have completed the study so far. Six @entity1 have dropped out of the study group and three from the control group for varied reasons. Two @entity1 are currently enrolled in the study and control groups. The morphology and forward progression of sperm shows a statistically significant increase in the study group. The motility improves but is not statistically significant in the study group. No significant adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown in this unique randomised controlled study that repeated ejaculation does improve the sperm characteristics in @entity1566 @entity1 . It is suggested that @entity1566 @entity1 should undergo repeated ejaculation for at least 3 months before trying intravaginal or intrauterine insemination techniques. If this fails then in vitro fertilisation can be used. This method promotes natural conception, is intimate and cost effective.

title: Effects of repeated ejaculations on semen characteristics following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated 1) the frequency of @entity101 in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 graded by the new classification of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) reported by the @entity8 : Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) and 2) the number of antihypertensive agents needed to achieve treatment goals using a prospective observational study. METHODS: A population of 2018 @entity1 with @entity6 was recruited for the study. The @entity740 stage was classified according to the @entity470 and the urinary albumin excretion levels. RESULTS: @entity101 was found in 1420 (70%) of the @entity1 , and the proportion of subjects showing a blood pressure<130/80   mmHg was 31% at the baseline. Although the mean blood pressure was approximately 130/75   mmHg, the rate of @entity1 with a blood pressure of   <130/80   mmHg became limited to 41-50% during the observation period. The number of antihypertensive agents required for treatment was significantly higher at the endpoint (2.0  1.3) than at the baseline (1.6  1.2). Furthermore, it increased with the progression of the @entity740 stage at both the baseline and the endpoint of the observation. However, the frequency of subjects who did not achieve the blood pressure target was found to increase in the group demonstrating the later stage of @entity740 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity101 resistant to antihypertensive agents was common in the @entity1 with @entity6 and increased with the progression of @entity740 . Although powerful combination therapy using antihypertensive agents is considered necessary for the strict control of blood pressure, this became difficult in individuals who were in advanced stages as graded based on the @entity470 and the urinary albumin excretion levels.

title: XXXX resistant to antihypertensive agents commonly occurs with the progression of diabetic nephropathy in Japanese @entity1 with @entity6 : a prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: Novel cytostatic drugs have recently been introduced to treat @entity5 @entity1 . Although of only modest efficacy, their use is widespread, considerably increasing treatment costs. An easily applicable method to assess their efficacy and cost-effectiveness is needed. We have documented new cytostatic drugs whose consumption increased by over 60% from January 1998 to December 2000 in @entity1 with advanced or metastatic @entity5 of the colorectum, lung (non-small cell), breast, ovary or brain. A review of the literature yielded 17 treatments that included these agents. For each regimen, we recorded six efficacy variables [ @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), survival rate at 1 year, absolute risk reduction, time to progression, quality of life (QoL), and @entity1 needed to treat (NNT)]. A four-point (A-D) efficacy (E) scale and a five-point (1-5) strength of evidence (SE) scale were applied. We obtained the cost differential of each regimen for a 4-week treatment, cost per extra month of @entity1349 . and cost per NNT. One combination was rated with A efficacy ( @entity1349 > 9 months+improved QoL) and nine with D (no @entity1349 or QoL improvement); 12 studies presented good quality (grade 1-2) evidence. The QoL of @entity1 was significantly improved in only two regimens. The average cost differential was 1 311 @entity7634 (all new regimens except one showed higher cost); the average cost per extra month of @entity1349 was 6 415 @entity7634 ; and treatment cost per NNT was 87 767 @entity7634 . Our method proved to be easy to apply, enabled comparisons with other treatments to be made and revealed that these very costly changes in clinical practice are not justified by available studies.

title: New chemotherapy treatments in @entity5 XXXX : an easily applicable evaluation of clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'median survival time']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']