abstract: The effects of the @entity141 -activated @entity462 proteinase, the @entity35 trypsin-like @entity563 proteinase and @entity291 trypsin on myofibrillar proteins from @entity95 skeletal muscle are compared. 2. Myofibrils that had been treated at neutral pH with the @entity141 -dependent proteinase and with the @entity35 enzyme were (a) analyzed by @entity214 / @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis and (b) examined in the electron microscope. Treatment with each proteinase resulted in the loss of the Z-discs, but the @entity35 enzyme caused much more extensive disruption of the ultrastructure and degraded more of the myofibrillar proteins. 3. Purified F-actin was almost totally resistant to the proteinases, whereas G-actin was degraded by the @entity35 trypsin-like proteinase at a rate approx. 15 times faster than was obtained with @entity291 trypsin. 4. Similar results were obtained with alpha-actinin, whereas tropomyosin was degraded more readily by @entity291 trypsin than by the @entity35 trypsin-like proteinase. 5. The implications of these findings for the non-lysosomal breakdown of myofibrillar proteins in vivo are considered.

title: Degradation of myofibrillar proteins by trypsin-like XXXX proteinases.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: After @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), the inability of supraspinal neurons to regenerate or reform functional connections is likely due to proteins in the surrounding microenvironment restricting regeneration. EphAs are a family of receptor @entity669 kinases that are involved in axonal guidance during development. These receptors and their ligands, the @entity66981 , act via repulsive mechanisms to guide growing axons towards their appropriate targets and allow for the correct developmental connections to be made. In the present study, we investigated whether EphA receptor expression changed after a thoracic contusion @entity1566 . Our results indicate that several EphA molecules are upregulated after @entity1566 . Using semiquantitative RT-PCR to investigate mRNA expression after @entity1566 , we found that @entity66982 , A4, and A7 mRNAs were upregulated. @entity66982 , A4, A6, and A8 receptor immunoreactivity increased in the ventrolateral white matter (VWM) at the @entity130 . @entity9364 had the highest level of immunoreactivity in both control and injured @entity35 spinal cord. EphA receptor expression in the white matter originated from glial cells as coexpression in both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes was observed. In contrast, gray matter expression was localized to neurons of the ventral gray matter (motor neurons) and dorsal horn. After @entity1566 , specific EphA receptor subtypes are upregulated and these increases may create an environment that is unfavorable for neurite outgrowth and functional regeneration.

title: Upregulation of EphA receptor expression in the injured adult XXXX spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury epicenter']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prolific cultures of @entity1 bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM MNCs) were recently developed that include a full spectrum of hematopoietic and accessory cells, with the presence of autofluorescent cells indicating adequate cell expansion. However, phenotypic and functional clonogenic characterizations of the autofluorescent cells and the various other subpopulations present in these cultures have not been carried out. METHODS: Cells from a continuously perfused bioreactor inoculated with BM MNCs and cultured for 12 days in serum-containing medium with PIXY321, erythropoietin, and with or without @entity11601 were evaluated by using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Two antibodies, @entity8282 and @entity10793 , allowed the separation of the autofluorescent cells into two distinct populations. The @entity8282 + @entity10793 ++ autofluorescent population contained the colony-forming unit (CFU) fibroblast, and the @entity8282 ++ @entity10793 ++ autofluorescent population contained macrophage/dendritic like cells. The CFU-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) could not be thoroughly evaluated with @entity8282 and @entity10793 . However, the number of @entity10793 +/++Lin- cells correlated with the number of CFU-GM (r = 0.83), with approximately 1 CFU-GM for every 30 @entity10793 +/++Lin- cells. CONCLUSIONS: The data showed that @entity8282 and @entity10793 antibodies separate the autofluorescent cells into two populations but do not separate hematopoietic cells into specific phenotypic populations. The data also showed that the number of @entity10793 +/++Lin- cells correlated with the number of CFU-GM. These data present the initial step toward detailed phenotypic analysis of ex vivo expanded @entity1 BM MNC cultures.

title: Flow cytometric characterization of perfused XXXX bone marrow cultures: identification of the major cell lineages and correlation with the CFU-GM assay.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ionotropic @entity3264 receptors (iGluRs) are tetrameric ligand-gated ion channels essential to all aspects of brain function, including higher order processes such as learning and memory. For decades, electrophysiology was the primary means for characterizing the function of iGluRs and gaining mechanistic insight. Since the turn of the century, structures of isolated water-soluble domains and transmembrane-domain-containing constructs have provided the basis for formulating mechanistic hypotheses. Because these structures only represent sparse, often incomplete snapshots during iGluR activation, significant gaps in knowledge remain regarding structures, energetics, and dynamics of key substates along the functional processes. Some of these gaps have recently been filled by molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical modeling. In this Account, I describe our work in the latter arena toward characterizing iGluR gating motions and developing a formalism for calculating thermodynamic and kinetic properties of stationary gating. The structures of iGluR subunits have a highly modular architecture, in which the ligand-binding domain and the transmembrane domain are well separated and connected by flexible linkers. The ligand-binding domain in turn is composed of two subdomains. During activation, agonist binding induces the closure of the intersubdomain cleft. The cleft closure leads to the outward pulling of a linker tethered to the extracellular terminus of the major pore-lining helix of the transmembrane domain, thereby opening the channel. This activation model based on molecular dynamics simulations was validated by residue-specific information from electrophysiological data on @entity462 mutants. A further critical test was made through introducing @entity8959 insertions in the linker. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that, with lengthening by @entity8959 insertions, the linker became less effective in pulling the pore-lining helix, leading to weaker stabilization of the channel-open state. In full agreement, single-channel recordings showed that the channel open probability decreased progressively as the linker was lengthened by @entity8959 insertions. Crystal structures of ligand-binding domains showing different degrees of cleft closure between full and partial agonists suggested a simple mechanism for one subtype of iGluRs, but mysteries surrounded a second subtype, where the ligand-binding domains open to similar degrees when bound with either full or partial agonists. Our free energy simulations now suggest that broadening of the free energy basin for cleft closure is a plausible solution. A theoretical basis for these mechanistic hypotheses on partial agonisms was provided by a model for the free energy surface of a full receptor, where the stabilization by cleft closure is transmitted via the linker to the channel-open state. This model can be implemented by molecular dynamics simulations to predict thermodynamic and kinetics properties of stationary gating that are amenable to direct test by single-channel recordings. Close integration between computation and electrophysiology holds great promises in revealing the conformations of key substates in functional processes and the mechanisms of disease-associated mutations.

title: Gating Motions and Stationary Gating Properties of Ionotropic XXXX Receptors: Computation Meets Electrophysiology.

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['Glutamate']


abstract: We sought clinical and radiological findings of 150 consecutive @entity1 with acute isolated pontine @entity1188 who were admitted to our @entity64 Unit over 6 years. In all @entity1 CT, MRI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were performed during the hospitalization. On clinico-radiological analysis regarding the pontine lesion boundaries there were five main clinical patterns that depended on the constant territories of intrinsic pontine arteries: (1). anteromedial pontine syndrome (58%) presented with @entity51 with @entity4653 , @entity2055 , and mild tegmental signs in one third of @entity1 ; (2). @entity3308 (17%) developed with motor and sensory deficits in half of the @entity1 , and were associated with tegmental signs (56%) more frequently than the anteromedial @entity1188 ; (3). @entity3308 (10%) presented with mild @entity51 and associated with sensory syndromes, @entity1319 and vestibular system symptoms including vertigo, @entity1296 and @entity2055 ; (4). bilateral pontine syndrome (11%) consisted with transient @entity909 , @entity10492 and @entity12911 ; (5). unilateral multiple pontine @entity1188 (4%) were rarely observed, and were always associated with severe @entity3481 and tegmental signs. In our series, there was no @entity1188 in the extreme dorsal and lateral tegmental pontine territories which have been mostly associated with @entity1188 . The main etiology of @entity64 was basilar @entity455 (BABD) in 59 @entity1 (39%), followed by @entity455 ( @entity455 ) in 31 (21%), large-artery disease of vertebrobasilar arteries in 27 @entity1 (18%), cardioembolism in 12 (8%) and in 16 @entity1 (11%) no cause of @entity64 was found. Our findings suggest that it is possible to identify clinical subgroups of pontine @entity1188 , in which BABD and @entity455 were the most common causes of @entity64 . After an acute onset, outcome is in general excellent except in those with bilateral pontine lesions.

title: Clinical spectrum of pontine XXXX . Clinical-MRI correlations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['anterolateral pontine syndrome', 'tegmental pontine syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10492 :: ('MESH:C565722', 'Disease') :: ['tetraparesis']

entities_list: @entity12911 :: ('MESH:D020828', 'Disease') :: ['acute pseudobulbar palsy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['small-artery disease', 'artery branch disease', 'SAD']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['eye movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness loss']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits', 'motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['sensory-motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct syndrome', 'infarction', 'infarcts', 'infarct', 'cerebellar infarctions']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity310 blockers have been recently evaluated for treating @entity370 and could be efficient. However, several cases of @entity370 have been diagnosed during anti- @entity310 therapy. Here, we report the largest series of @entity370 -like @entity2883 following @entity310 blocker treatment. METHODS: A call for observations of @entity370 -like @entity2883 following @entity310 blocker treatment was sent to the members of the French 'Club Rhumatismes et Inflammation'. Histological evidence of @entity2883 was required. RESULTS: Observations of 10 @entity1 [seven females; median age 50.5 (range 27-72) years] with @entity370 -like @entity2883 while on anti- @entity310 treatment were collected: five were treated with etanercept and five with monoclonal antibodies; four @entity1 received @entity310 blockers for @entity309 and six for @entity11028 . The median delay between anti- @entity310 agent introduction and @entity2883 diagnosis was 18 (range 1-51) months. Clinical symptoms were mainly pulmonary and cutaneous. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was increased in six cases. Lymph-node and/or lung involvement were observed by CT scan of the chest for eight @entity1 . The median delay between drug discontinuation and remission was 6 (range 1-11) months for clinical signs and 6 (range 2-12) months for biological and radiographic findings. Improvement was observed in all @entity1 after drug discontinuation with or without @entity230 . CONCLUSIONS: Sarcoid-like @entity2883 is rare but not exceptional in @entity1 treated with @entity310 blockers (approximately 1/2800) and does not seem to be related to gender, @entity627 or in our series the type of anti- @entity310 drug used (monoclonal antibodies or soluble receptor). Discontinuation of anti- @entity310 usually leads to recovery.

title: Sarcoid-like @entity2883 in XXXX treated with tumor necrosis factor blockers: 10 cases.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'refractory sarcoidosis', 'sarcoid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess multifidus muscle asymmetry using the cross-sectional area (CSA) and perpendicular distance of the @entity121 ( @entity8431 ) measurements in @entity1 with @entity2850 due to @entity547 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 122 @entity1 who underwent microdiscectomy for unilateral @entity614 caused by disc herniation, diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were evaluated retrospectively. Posterolateral or foraminal disc herniation at only one disc level, the @entity6357 , L4-L5, or L5-S1 region, was confirmed using MRI. Subjects were divided by symptom duration: 1-30 days, (group A), 31-90 days (group B), and   >   90  days (group C). There were 48 cases in group A, 26 in group B, and 48 in group C. RESULTS: In groups A, B, and C, the median @entity8431 differed significantly between the diseased and normal sides (P   <   0.05). The @entity8431 increased on the diseased side with symptom duration by @entity890 . The @entity8431 was 5.1, 6.7, and 7.6  mm in groups A, B, and C, respectively (P   <   0.05). The cut-off values for the @entity8431 measurements were 5.3  mm (sensitivity   =   62.3  %, specificity   =   55.5  %; P   <   0.05). In groups A, B, and C, the median CSA of the multifidus muscle was not significantly different between the diseased and the normal side (P   >   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity8431 measurement correlated significantly with multifidus asymmetry in @entity1 with @entity890 .

title: Lumbar multifidus muscle changes in unilateral XXXX using magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity8431 :: ('MESH:D007966', 'Disease') :: ['diseased side MLD', 'MLD']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral disc hernia']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['multifidus muscle to the lamina']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) continues to increase dramatically worldwide. Liver transplantation (LT) is now the standard and optimal treatment for @entity1 with @entity157 in the setting of @entity82 , but only for @entity5 within Milan criteria. In @entity1 presenting beyond Milan criteria, locoregional therapy (LRT) can downstage to within Milan criteria for consideration for LT. Although controversial, the current study aims to evaluate the outcomes of LT in @entity1 presenting with advanced-stage @entity157 who underwent downstaging and compare these outcomes with those of @entity1 who met Milan criteria at presentation. STUDY DESIGN: Our protocol does not set a priori limitations as long as @entity157 is confined to the liver. In this retrospective study between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2014, we reviewed outcomes associated with 284 @entity1 who presented within Milan criteria and @entity1 who presented with more-advanced stage @entity5 who were potential transplantation candidates. The @entity1 with @entity1442 were then subdivided into those who were within or beyond University of California San Francisco criteria. Imaging, details of LRT, recurrence, and survival were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Sixty-three of 210 (30%) eligible @entity1 were downstaged and underwent transplantation; 14 additional downstaged and listed @entity1 were withdrawn for the following reasons: death while waiting (n  = 4), disease progression (n  = 8), development of other @entity5 (n  = 1), and declined LT (n  = 1). Twelve @entity1 underwent resection after downstaging and did not require LT. Survival for @entity1 who were downstaged was similar to those who were within Milan criteria initially. Recurrence of @entity157 at 5 years was similar between groups (10.9% vs 10.8%; p  = 0.84) CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with beyond-Milan criteria @entity157 who are otherwise candidates for LT should undergo aggressive attempts at downstaging without a priori exclusion. This highly selective approach allows for excellent long-term results, similar to @entity1 presenting with earlier-stage disease.

title: Liver Transplantation for Advanced XXXX after Downstaging Without Up-Front Stage Restrictions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: [Purpose] Although previous studies have demonstrated several effects of @entity44793 on @entity16 , its effects on @entity385 are unclear. We evaluated the direct effects of @entity44793 on @entity1188 and efficacy in terms of functional improvement in @entity35 with transient @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). [Subjects and Methods] Male @entity35 (n = 30) were randomly divided into two groups: an @entity2500 with @entity44793 group and an @entity2500 group. @entity2500 was induced for 2 h, and @entity44793 was administered in the treatment group just after reperfusion. @entity1188 size was calculated 5 days after @entity2500 . Efficacy in function was assessed using a @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) and percent weight borne on the paretic leg during 5 days. [Results] @entity1188 volumes did not differ significantly between the two @entity2500 groups. The values of @entity1062 did not differ between the two @entity2500 groups. Based on the values of percent weight borne on the paretic leg, function of the hindlimb in the @entity2500 with @entity44793 group was significantly better than in the @entity2500 group throughout the experimental period. [Conclusion] These results demonstrate that @entity44793 induced functional improvements during 5 days after @entity2500 , and could be a useful addition to the therapeutic regimen for the treatment of @entity385 .

title: The effect of XXXX on @entity35 with @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarcts']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['MST', 'modified sticky-tape test']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity44793 :: (MESH:C025583,Chemical) :: ['sesamol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of @entity120 ( @entity120 ), promoting vasoconstriction, smooth muscle proliferation, and @entity32 . OBJECTIVES: This study sought to test the hypothesis that nebivolol, a b1-antagonist and b2,3-agonist, may improve @entity120 and reverse the @entity120 -related phenotype of pulmonary ECs (P-EC). METHODS: We compared the effects of nebivolol with metoprolol, a first-generation b1-selective b-blocker, on @entity1 cultured @entity120 and control P-EC proliferation, vasoactive and proinflammatory factor production, and crosstalk with PA  smooth muscle cells. We assessed the effects of both b-blockers in precontracted PA rings. We also compared the  effects of both b-blockers in experimental @entity120 . RESULTS: @entity120 P-ECs overexpressed the proinflammatory mediators @entity650 and @entity2842 , @entity540 , and the potent vasoconstrictive agent @entity2232 as compared with control cells. This pathological phenotype was corrected by nebivolol but not metoprolol in a dose-dependent fashion. We confirmed that @entity120 P-EC proliferate more than control cells and stimulate more PA smooth muscle cell mitosis, a growth abnormality that was normalized by nebivolol but not by metoprolol. Nebivolol but not metoprolol induced endothelium-dependent and nitric oxide-dependent relaxation of PA. Nebivolol was more potent than metoprolol in improving cardiac function, @entity6980 , and @entity32 of @entity35 with monocrotaline-induced @entity120 . CONCLUSIONS: Nebivolol could be a promising option for the management of @entity120 , improving @entity409 , @entity6980 , and right heart function. Until clinical studies are undertaken, however, routine use of  b-blockers in @entity120 cannot be recommended.

title: Nebivolol for Improving Endothelial Dysfunction, XXXX , and Right Heart Function in  Pulmonary Hypertension.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PAH', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor-2']

answer: @entity6980 :: (MESH:D066253,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Managing @entity662 in the emergency department remains a challenge with current diagnostic strategies. We hypothesized that cardiac @entity7994 could accurately identify @entity1 with possible or probable @entity1187 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The diagnostic performance of @entity7994 was evaluated in a prospective study of 161 consecutive @entity1 . Enrollment required 30 minutes of @entity662 compatible with @entity741 but an ECG not diagnostic of @entity583 . @entity7994 was performed at rest within 12 hours of presentation and included perfusion, left ventricular function, and @entity2287 -enhanced @entity583 detection. @entity7994 was interpreted qualitatively but also analyzed quantitatively. The sensitivity and specificity, respectively, for detecting @entity1187 were 84% and 85% by @entity7994 , 80% and 61% by an abnormal ECG, 16% and 95% for strict ECG criteria for @entity63 (ST @entity308 or T-wave inversion), 40% and 97% for peak troponin-I, and 48% and 85% for a TIMI risk score > or =3. The @entity7994 was more sensitive than strict ECG criteria for @entity63 (P<0.001), peak troponin-I (P<0.001), and the TIMI risk score (P=0.004), and @entity7994 was more specific than an abnormal ECG (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed @entity7994 was the strongest predictor of @entity1187 and added diagnostic value over clinical parameters (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Resting cardiac @entity7994 exhibited diagnostic operating characteristics suitable for triage of @entity1 with @entity662 in the emergency department. Performed urgently to evaluate @entity662 , @entity7994 accurately detected a high fraction of @entity1 with @entity1187 , including @entity1 with enzyme-negative @entity1459 .

title: Detecting XXXX in the emergency department with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Urinary and faecal continence are key challenges goal of @entity600 management. Most well-known prognostic factors are the length of common channel (CC) and the presence of a @entity17315 , but the impact of associated @entity3570 is less well documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different types of @entity3570 on urinary and faecal continence in this @entity1 population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1991 to 2011, charts and office notes of 25 @entity1 with @entity600 were retrospectively reviewed. At last clinic visit, urinary and faecal continence status according to Krickenbeck criteria were correlated with the length of CC, the presence of a @entity17315 (sacral ratio), and the presence of different types of spinal cord @entity3570 using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 8 years (4 months-21 years). The sacral ratio was abnormal (below 0.74) in 18 cases out of 25 (72%). MRI review showed normal spinal cord in eight out of 23 cases (Group 1), @entity602 in 15 out of 23 cases (65%) including nine cases of tethered cord complex (Group 2) and six cases of a short spinal cord (Group 3). While statistical analysis showed a difference regarding urinary prognosis between the groups (p  =  0.005), no significant difference was found regarding faecal prognosis. None of the six @entity1 with short spinal cord were continent for both urinary and faecal prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study, which highlights the impact of different types of @entity3570 on functional outcome in @entity1 with cloaca. Short spinal cord seemed to carry the worst prognosis. A prospective study with a larger series is mandatory to confirm these preliminary results.

title: Impact of XXXX on urinary and faecal prognosis in 25 cases of @entity600 .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['dysraphism', 'spinal dysraphism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17315 :: ('MESH:C564271', 'Disease') :: ['sacral defect']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord anomaly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['cloacal malformation']

answer: @entity3570 :: (MESH:D016135,Disease) :: ['spinal dysraphism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1 genome contains millions of DNA regulatory elements and a large number of gene clusters, most of which have not been tested experimentally. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) programed with a synthetic single-guide RNA (sgRNA) emerges as a method for genome editing in virtually any organisms. Here we report that targeted DNA fragment inversions and duplications could easily be achieved in @entity1 and @entity19 genomes by CRISPR with two sgRNAs. Specifically, we found that, in cultured @entity1 cells and @entity19 , efficient precise inversions of DNA fragments ranging in size from a few tens of bp to hundreds of kb could be generated. In addition, DNA fragment duplications and deletions could also be generated by CRISPR through trans-allelic recombination between the Cas9-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) on two homologous chromosomes (chromatids). Moreover, junctions of combinatorial inversions and duplications of the protocadherin (Pcdh) gene clusters induced by Cas9 with four sgRNAs could be detected. In @entity19 , we obtained founders with alleles of precise inversions, duplications, and deletions of DNA fragments of variable sizes by CRISPR. Interestingly, we found that very efficient inversions were mediated by microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) through short inverted repeats. We showed for the first time that DNA fragment inversions could be transmitted through germlines in @entity19 . Finally, we applied this CRISPR method to a regulatory element of the Pcdha cluster and found a new role in the regulation of members of the Pcdhy cluster. This simple and efficient method should be useful in manipulating @entity1 genomes to study millions of regulatory DNA elements as well as vast numbers of gene clusters.

title: Efficient inversions and duplications of XXXX regulatory DNA elements and gene clusters by CRISPR/Cas9.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'mammalian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Citrus canker is a worldwide-distributed disease caused by @entity7590 . citri. One of the most used strategies to control the disease is centered on @entity920 -based compounds that cause environmental problems. Therefore, it is of interest to develop new strategies to manage the disease. Previously, we reported the ability of the siderophore pyochelin, produced by the opportunistic @entity1 pathogen @entity796 , to inhibit in vitro several bacterial species including @entity7590 . citri. The action mechanism, addressed with the model bacterium @entity526 , was connected to the generation of reactive @entity26 species. This work aimed to find a non-pathogenic strain from the lemon phyllosphere that would produce pyochelin and therefore serve in canker biocontrol. An isolate that retained its capacity to colonize the lemon phyllosphere and inhibit @entity7590 . citri was selected and characterized as @entity59390 CS1. From a liquid culture of this strain, the active compound was purified and identified as the pyochelin enantiomer, enantio-pyochelin. Using the producing strain and the pure compound, both in vitro and in vivo, we determined that the action mechanism of @entity7590 . citri inhibition also involved the generation of reactive @entity26 species. Finally, the potential application of @entity59390 CS1 was evaluated by spraying the bacterium in a model that mimics the natural @entity7590 . citri infection. The ability of @entity59390 CS1 to diminish canker formation turns this strain into an interesting candidate for a biocontrol agent. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX CS1 from the lemon phyllosphere as a candidate for citrus canker biocontrol agent.

entities_list: @entity59390 :: ('380021', 'Species') :: ['P. protegens', 'Pseudomonas protegens']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7590 :: ('346', 'Species') :: ['Xanthomonas citri subsp', 'X. citri subsp']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity59390 :: (380021,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas protegens']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of studies have shown over-expression of @entity2247 in @entity0 . Also it has been recorded that @entity1 @entity0 expresses high level of @entity2247 and 12-lipoxygenase which may be beneficial in future therapy plan for those @entity1 . AIMS: The present study aims to examine the level of transcripts of @entity2247 and 12-lipoxygenase in Egyptian @entity0 @entity1 and to compare between the expressions of both enzymes and @entity2802 staging, hormone receptors status (including @entity172 and @entity1420 ) and @entity1722 /neu expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total cellular RNA was extracted from 64 frozen tissue samples of @entity0 and their corresponding normal adjacent tissues. @entity2247 and 12-lipooxygenase expressions were detected using RT-PCR. Hormonal receptors as well as @entity1722 were detected immuno-histochemically for each @entity1 . RESULTS: About 47 and 62.5% of @entity189 samples showed over-expression of @entity2247 and 12-lipooxygenase respectively as compared to their corresponding normal tissues. The results revealed that @entity2247 significantly associated with @entity2802 staging (P = 0.0047) and hormonal receptors status (P = 0.0201). The relationship between @entity2247 and @entity1722 expression was close to a significant value (P = 0.0747). 12-lipooxygenase showed only significant association with @entity2802 staging (P = 0.0076). Neither hormonal receptors nor @entity1722 showed significant association with this enzyme. CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of @entity2247 and 12-lipoxygenase expression were detected in @entity1 @entity0 . Also, the results revealed that @entity2247 and 12-lipooxygenase mRNA expressions are associated with @entity2802 staging in @entity1 @entity0 . Furthermore, there is an inverse association between @entity2247 expression and hormonal receptor status. This observation may drive us to the possible role of those two enzymes in determining the plan of therapy of @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and 12-lipoxygenase in XXXX @entity0 and their relationship with HER-2/ @entity1722 and hormonal receptors: impact on prognosis and therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study was aimed to explore prevention and treatment of @entity548 during laparoscopic splenectomy plus devascularization (LSD) for portal @entity101 by modified and simplified operation. From June 2012 to June 2014, LSD was performed on 138 @entity1 with portal @entity101 . The @entity1 were allocated into two groups: earlier stage (ES) group, in which 45 @entity1 received traditional LSD from June 2012 to Sep. 2012; later stage (LS) group, in which 93 @entity1 underwent modified LSD from Jan. 2013 to June 2014. Perioperative variables were compared between the two groups. Laparoscopic operations were successfully performed in all but two @entity1 in ES group who were converted to laparotomy (total conversion rate: 1.4%). There was no perioperative @entity204 or reoperation, and all @entity1 recovered and were discharged from hospital with no serious complications in the six months of postoperative follow-up. The average time in the ES group was longer than that in the LS group (335.1 min vs. 201.3 min, P<0.05). LS group outperformed ES group in terms of @entity190 (705.4 mL vs. 910.4 mL, P<0.05). The average operation time to oral diet intake after surgery (40.5 h vs. 50.3 h, P<0.05) and postoperative hospital stay (7.4 d vs. 9.0 days, P<0.05) were much less in the LS group than in the ES group. The overall complication rate (4.3 % vs. 11.1 %, P<0.05) and conversion rate (0% vs. 4.4%, P<0.05) were lower in the LS group than in the ES group. It was concluded that prevention and treatment of @entity548 are the key points of LSD for portal @entity101 . By creating a tunnel above the splenic pedicle and a tunnel behind the lower esophagus, the simplified and modified LSD can reduce @entity548 and improve success of surgery dramatically, and @entity381 and severe varices are not contraindications.

title: Prevention and treatment of @entity548 during laparoscopic splenectomy and devascularization for portal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Digital rectal examination (DRE) is a simple clinical method to diagnose @entity74 . High-resolution antorectal manometry (HRAM) based on a spatiotemporal plot is expected to promote improved diagnostic accuracy. However, there are no reports comparing the effectiveness of DRE and HRAM. The aim of our study was therefore to evaluate the diagnostic value of DRE compared with HRAM. METHODS: A total of 309 consecutive @entity1 with chronic @entity1142 (n=268) or @entity1241 (n=41) who underwent a standardized DRE, HRAM, and balloon expulsion test were enrolled in this study. The diagnostic yield of DRE compared with HRAM was determined, and agreement between DRE and HRAM data was evaluated. RESULTS: Of the constipated @entity1 , 207 (77.2%) were diagnosed with @entity2055 using HRAM. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of DRE in the diagnosis of @entity2055 were 93.2%, 58.7%, and 91.0%, respectively, and moderate agreement was seen between the two modalities (k-coefficient =0.542, P<0.001). In @entity1 with @entity1241 , there was moderate agreement in terms of anal squeeze pressure between the two modalities (k-coefficient =0.418, P=0.006); however, there was poor agreement for anal resting tone (k-coefficient =0.079, P=0.368). CONCLUSIONS: DRE shows high sensitivity and positive predictive value in detecting @entity2055 compared with HRAM, and could therefore be used as a bedside screening test for the diagnosis of this disorder. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the correlation between DRE and HRAM in assessing anal sphincter pressure.

title: The Diagnostic Value of a Digital Rectal Examination Compared With High-Resolution Anorectal Manometry in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dyssynergia']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['Chronic Constipation and Fecal Incontinence']


abstract: The genetic structure of the population of @entity66734 (WMV) in Spain was analysed by the biological and molecular characterisation of isolates sampled from its main host plant, @entity2487 . The population was a highly homogeneous one, built of a single pathotype, and comprising isolates closely related genetically. There was indication of temporal replacement of genotypes, but not of spatial structure of the population. Analyses of @entity377 sequences in three genomic regions, that is, in the cistrons for the P1, cylindrical inclusion (CI) and capsid (CP) proteins, showed lower similar values of @entity377 diversity for the P1 than for the CI or CP cistrons. The CI protein and the CP were under tighter evolutionary constraints than the P1 protein. Also, for the CI and CP cistrons, but not for the P1 cistron, two groups of sequences, defining two genetic strains, were apparent. Thus, different genomic regions of WMV show different evolutionary dynamics. Interestingly, for the CI and CP cistrons, sequences were clustered into two regions of the sequence space, defining the two strains above, and no intermediary sequences were identified. Recombinant isolates were found, accounting for at least 7% of the population. These recombinants presented two interesting features: (i) crossover points were detected between the analysed regions in the CI and CP cistrons, but not between those in the @entity3881 cistrons, (ii) crossover points were not observed within the analysed coding regions for the @entity3881 or CP proteins. This indicates strong selection against isolates with recombinant proteins, even when originated from closely related strains. Hence, data indicate that genotypes of WMV, generated by mutation or recombination, outside of acceptable, discrete, regions in the evolutionary space, are eliminated from the virus population by negative selection.

title: Variability and genetic structure of the population of @entity66734 infecting XXXX in Spain.

entities_list: @entity66734 :: ('146500', 'Species') :: ['Watermelon mosaic virus']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity2487 :: (3656,Species) :: ['melon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the results obtained in 14 @entity1 with @entity1318 who underwent laparoscopic Heller's myotomy and Dor's fundoplication with those of 16 @entity1 who had @entity384 . METHODS: The diagnosis of @entity1318 was confirmed by manometry, endoscopy, and barium swallow. Esophageal symptoms were quantified before and after treatment using a clinical scale. Six @entity1 had had @entity384 prior to surgery. RESULTS: Before treatment, the @entity1 in the surgical group complained of more severe @entity1282 (median, 5; range, 0-5 vs median 4; range, 3-5) and @entity662 (median, 3; range, 0-5 vs median, 1.5; range, 0-5), but both groups were comparable with respect to regurgitation, heartburn, and manometric results. Both groups achieved significant clinical improvement. The severity score decreased from 5 (range, 0-5) to 1 (range, 0-3) (p < 0.05) for @entity1282 to solids in the laparoscopic group and from 4 (range, 3-5) to 1 (range, 0-5) (p < 0.05) in the endoscopic group. Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) basal pressure decreased significantly in both groups (from 29.3 to 11.8 mmHg in the laparoscopic group and from 28.9 to 16.5 mmHg in the endoscopic group). After treatment, there were no significant clinical differences between the two groups. Two @entity1 in the surgical group were converted to open surgery. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic myotomy is as save and effective as @entity384 in the treatment of @entity1318 .

title: Laparoscopic myotomy vs @entity384 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic dilation']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: The growth of the blue-green bacterium, @entity16964 , is inhibited in the presence of @entity10841 . This species has a single, constitutively synthesized @entity44142 ( @entity54019 ) synthetase. @entity10841 inhibits DAHP synthetase non-competitively with respect to both substrate reactants. Other @entity9750 do not inhibit the activity of DAHP synthetase. A common expectation for branch-point enzymes such as DAHP synthetase is a balanced pattern of feedback control by all of the ultimate end products. It seemed likely that growth inhibition might equate with defective regulation within the branched aromatic pathway. Accordingly, the possibility was examined that mis-regulation of DAHP synthetase by @entity10841 in wild-type cells causes starvation for precursors of the other aromatic end products. However, the molecular basis for growth inhibition cannot be attributed to @entity10841 inhibition of DAHP synthetase for the following reasons: (i) DAHP synthetase enzymes from @entity10841 -resistant mutants are more, rather than less, sensitive to feedback inhibition by @entity10841 . (ii) Shikimate not only fails to antagonize inhibition, but is itself inhibitory. (iii) Neither the sensitivity nor the completeness of @entity10841 inhibition of the wild-type enzyme in vitro appears sufficient to account for the potent inhibition of growth in vivo by @entity10841 . The dominating effect of @entity10841 in the control of DAHP synthetase appears to reflect a mechanism that prevents rather than causes growth inhibition by @entity10841 . The alteration of the control of DAHP synthetase in mutants selected for resistance to growth inhibition by @entity10841 did indicate that the cause for this metabolite vulnerability can be localized within the @entity9750 pathway. Apparently, an aromatic intermediate (between shikimate and the end products) accumulates in the presence of @entity10841 , causing @entity137 by some unknown mechanism. It is concluded that @entity34633 , potentially formed by transamination of @entity10841 , is an unlikely cause of growth inhibition. Although several significant questions remain unanswered, our results suggest that single-effector control of DAHP synthetase, the first regulatory enzyme activity of a branched pathway, may be more appropriate than it would seem a priori.

title: Mis-regulation of XXXX synthetase does not account for growth inhibition by phenylalanine in @entity16964 .

entities_list: @entity16964 :: ('32049', 'Species') :: ['Agmenellum quadruplicatum']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity34633 :: ('MESH:C031606', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity10841 :: ('CHEBI:58095', 'Chemical') :: ['l-Phenylalanine', 'l-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity44142 :: ('MESH:C013469', 'Chemical') :: ['3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity9750 :: ('CHEBI:33856', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amino acids', 'aromatic amino acid']

answer: @entity44142 :: (MESH:C013469,Chemical) :: ['3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate']


abstract: Small concentrations of inhaled anesthetics can affect Type II cell surfactant production and exacerbate oxidant-mediated @entity651 . We hypothesized that inhaled anesthetics augment oxidant-induced @entity409 related to their different effects on cellular @entity855 ( @entity855 ) status. Freshly isolated Type II cells were exposed to different concentrations of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) in the presence or absence of an in vitro @entity1508 exposure. Cells exposed to 100 microM @entity274 alone demonstrated a 23% decrease in @entity855 levels and a 32% decrease in @entity2434 (PC) synthesis compared with controls. @entity1508 alone decreased PC synthesis by only 12% and reduced @entity855 levels by 20%. However, when exposed to both @entity1508 and @entity274 together, @entity855 levels decreased by 40%, and PC synthesis rates decreased by 51%. Pretreatment of cells with @entity4571 , an inhibitor of poly @entity857 ribose polymerase, completely prevented the @entity855 loss and PC synthesis decline caused by @entity274 alone, but it had no effect on the @entity1508 -augmented portion of the cell injury. These data suggest that the ability of @entity1508 to enhance oxidative damage may be related to its own specific effects on cell energetics that may not be amenable to the same treatments used to mitigate other cellular mechanisms of oxidative stress. IMPLICATIONS: A mediator of @entity32 ( @entity273 ) and an inhaled anesthetic ( @entity1508 ) interact to decrease cell energy and secretion of a substance (surfactant) required for healthy lung function from cells that line gas-exchange compartments. This interaction represents a possible mechanism by which inflammatory @entity358 may become more severe intraoperatively.

title: @entity1508 potentiation of XXXX -induced inhibition of surfactant synthesis: the role of type II cell energy status.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['Halothane', 'halothane']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Type II pneumocyte dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The SPORT (Spine @entity1 Outcomes Research Trial) reported favorable surgery outcomes over 2 years among @entity1 with @entity850 with and without @entity179 , but the economic value of these surgeries is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To assess the short-term cost-effectiveness of spine surgery relative to nonoperative care for @entity850 alone and for @entity850 with spondylolisthesis. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. DATA SOURCES: Resource utilization, productivity, and EuroQol EQ-5D score measured at 6 weeks and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment among SPORT @entity1 . TARGET POPULATION: @entity1 with image-confirmed @entity612 , with and without @entity179 . TIME HORIZON: 2 years. PERSPECTIVE: Societal. INTERVENTION: Nonoperative care or surgery (primarily decompressive laminectomy for @entity850 and decompressive laminectomy with fusion for @entity850 associated with @entity179 ). OUTCOME MEASURES: Cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. RESULTS OF BASE-CASE ANALYSIS: Among 634 @entity1 with @entity850 , 394 (62%) had surgery, most often decompressive laminectomy (320 of 394 [81%]). @entity850 surgeries improved health to a greater extent than nonoperative care (QALY gain, 0.17 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.22]) at a cost of  77,600 (CI,  49,600 to  120,000) per QALY gained. Among 601 @entity1 with @entity179 , 368 (61%) had surgery, most including fusion (344 of 368 [93%]) and most with instrumentation (269 of 344 [78%]). Degenerative spondylolisthesis surgeries significantly improved health versus nonoperative care (QALY gain, 0.23 [CI, 0.19 to 0.27]), at a cost of  115,600 (CI,  90,800 to  144,900) per QALY gained. RESULT OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: Surgery cost markedly affected the value of surgery. LIMITATION: The study used self-reported utilization data, 2-year time horizon, and as-treated analysis to address treatment nonadherence among randomly assigned @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The economic value of @entity612 surgery at 2 years compares favorably with many health interventions. Degenerative spondylolisthesis surgery is not highly cost-effective over 2 years but could show value over a longer time horizon.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX with and without @entity179 : cost-effectiveness after 2 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative spondylolisthesis']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I (anti- @entity9500 ) antibody may provide additional information in @entity1 with @entity715 in conjunction with the @entity4555 ( @entity4555 ) or anticardiolipin (aCL) antibody. METHODS: We selected 235 @entity1 whose plasma were tested for the presence of all three antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies ( @entity4555 , aCL, and anti- @entity9500 ) and were positive for at least one aPL antibody from January 2000 to December 2001. The @entity4555 test was performed using dilute activated @entity559 time reagent (dAPTT) and dilute Russell viper venom time reagent (dRVVT). ACL (IgG/IgM) and anti- @entity9500 (IgG/IgM) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical data were collected and analysed in all @entity1 with aPL antibody. RESULTS: Of the 235 @entity1 with aPL, @entity715 was detected in 76 @entity1 (28.0%). Of the 76 @entity1 with @entity715 , 29 were positive for @entity4555 , 9 for aCL, 7 for anti- @entity9500 , 3 for @entity4555 +aCL, 9 for aCL+anti- @entity9500 , 11 for @entity4555 +anti- @entity9500 , and 8 for @entity4555 +aCL+anti- @entity9500 . The rate of @entity715 was significantly different (p=0.01) among single positive @entity1 (45/163, 27.6%), double positive @entity1 (23/60, 38.3%), and triple positive @entity1 (8/12, 66.7%). In single positive @entity1 , the rate of @entity715 was highest in @entity4555 positive @entity1 (29/85, 34.1%). In double positive @entity1 , the @entity4555 +anti- @entity9500 positive group (11/24, 45.8%) and aCL+anti- @entity9500 positive group (9/22, 40.9%) had higher rates of @entity715 than the @entity4555 +aCL positive group (3/14, 21.4%). CONCLUSION: Single positivity for anti- @entity9500 explained 9.2% of @entity715 events in the absence of @entity4555 or aCL. Double or triple positivity for aPLs were associated with a higher rate of @entity715 than single positivity for aPL. Our results suggest that anti- @entity9500 provides additional information in @entity1 with @entity715 in conjunction with @entity4555 or aCL.

title: Does the anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibody provide additional information in XXXX with @entity715 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity559 :: ('MESH:D013925', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboplastin']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant', 'LAC']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A novel unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based colorimetric strategy for label-free, specific and sensitive @entity349 ion ( @entity10694 ) detection was demonstrated by using thymine-Hg(2)(+)-thymine (T-Hg(2)(+)-T) recognition mechanism and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) amplification strategy. In this protocol, a structure-switching probe (H0) was designed to recognize @entity10694 and then propagated a chain reaction of hybridization events between two other hairpin probes (H1 and H2). In the absence of @entity10694 , all hairpin probes could stably coexist in solution, the exposed sticky ends of hairpin probes were capable of stabilizing AuNPs. As a result, salt-induced @entity1423 could be effectively prevented. In the presence of @entity10694 , @entity6244 bases of H0 could specifically interact with @entity10694 to form stable T-Hg(2)(+)-T complex. Consequently, the hairpin structure of H0 probe was changed. As @entity56120 probes were added, the HCR process could be triggered and nicked double-helixes were formed. Since it was difficult for the formed nicked double-helixes to inhibit salt-induced @entity1423 , a red-to-blue color change was observed in the colloid solution as the salt concentration increased. With the elegant amplification effect of HCR, a detection limit of around 30nM was achieved (S/N=3), which was about 1-2 orders of magnitudes lower than that of previous unmodified AuNPs-based colorimetric methods. By using the T-Hg(2)(+)-T recognition mechanism, high selectivity was also obtained. As an unmodified AuNPs-based colorimetric strategy, the system was simple in design, convenient in operation, and eliminated the requirements of separation processes, chemical modifications, and sophisticated instrumentations.

title: Colorimetric detection of XXXX ion based on unmodified gold nanoparticles and target-triggered hybridization chain reaction amplification.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['AuNPs aggregation']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: @entity10558 was shown to alleviate renal, gastrointestinal and @entity548 -induced @entity1545 in @entity35 . In order to investigate the neuroprotective effects of @entity10558 on @entity410 -induced oxidative @entity1545 , an @entity302 was induced with a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of @entity5093 ( @entity17202 , 45mg/kg) in male @entity35 . Thirty minutes before the @entity17202 injection, @entity35 were treated with either saline or @entity10558 (1 g/kg, i.p.). @entity410 was video-taped and then evaluated by using Racine's scoring (0-5). For the assessment of memory function, passive-avoidance test was performed before @entity410 induction, which was repeated on the 3rd day of @entity410 . The @entity35 were decapitated at the 24th or 72nd hour of @entity410 and brain tissues were obtained for histopathological examination and for measuring levels of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), reactive @entity26 radicals and @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity. @entity10558 treatment reduced the average @entity410 score, decreased the occurrence and duration of generalized @entity410 , presenting with a shorter latency to their onset. Increased lipid peroxidation and enhanced generation of @entity26 -derived radicals detected at the post- @entity410 72nd h were suppressed by the consecutive treatments of @entity10558 , but no changes were observed by the single @entity10558 treatment in the 24-h @entity410 group. @entity528 and increased @entity40 immunoreactivity, observed in the hippocampal areas and cortex of @entity17202 -induced @entity35 were alleviated in 3-day @entity10558 -treated @entity17202 group. @entity17202 -induced @entity2414 was significantly improved in @entity10558 -treated @entity17202 group as compared to saline-treated @entity35 . The present data indicate that @entity10558 ameliorated the severity of @entity17202 -induced @entity410 , improved @entity2414 and reduced @entity528 by limiting oxidative damage.

title: @entity10558 improves oxidative brain damage and XXXX in @entity35 induced with an @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure', 'tonic-clonic seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity10558 :: ('MESH:D054439', 'Chemical') :: ['Obestatin', 'obestatin']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizure']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats', 'Wistar rats']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'Neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chicory (Cichorum intybus L.) is a summer-active forage herb which has been proposed as an option to increase summer feed supply, increase dry matter intake, nutrient intake, and milk yield from nonirrigated dairy production systems in southern Australia. Dry matter intake, nutrient intake, milk yield, and yield of milk fat and protein of predominantly Holstein-Friesian dairy @entity291 in late lactation consuming 3 herbage-based diets (4 replicates per treatment) were measured. The 3 grazed herbages were second-year chicory (CHIC) and @entity5369 ( @entity5369 .; PRG) monocultures and a mixed sward (~50:50) of chicory and @entity5369 (MIX). All diets (CHIC, PRG, and MIX) were supplemented with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay (5.5kg of DM/ @entity291 per day) and an energy-based concentrate pellet (4.0kg of DM/ @entity291 per day). There were no significant differences in milk yield (12.0 to 12.6kg/d across the treatments) or the yield of milk fat (539 to 585g/d) and milk protein (433 to 447g/d) between the 3 herbage-based diets. No differences in @entity9956 (17.9 to 19.2kg/d) or estimated metabolizable energy intake (173 to 185MJ/d) were noted between treatments. Estimated metabolizable energy concentrations in the forages on offer were lower in CHIC than PRG (7.6 vs. 8.2MJ/kg of dry matter), but the concentration in consumed herbage was not different (9.1 vs. 9.2MJ/kg of dry matter); as such, potential for increased milk yield in @entity291 offered CHIC was limited. Increased concentration of @entity1474 was observed in chicory herbage compared with @entity5369 . This was associated with increased milk conjugated @entity4722 and milk @entity1474 when chicory formed part of the diet (CHIC compared to PRG and MIX). Chicory could be used as an alternative to @entity5369 in summer; however, the developmental stage of chicory will influence concentrations of metabolizable energy and neutral detergent fiber and, therefore, intake and milk production responses compared with @entity5369 .

title: Herbage intake and milk production of late-lactation dairy XXXX offered a second-year chicory crop during summer.

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['perennial ryegrass', 'Lolium perenne L']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: AIM: Attempted suicide is one of the most important public health problems among preventable causes of mortality in the general population. Identifying risk factors for the prevention of suicide is a major public health goal. The aim of this study was to determine the annual rate of attempted suicide, related risk factors, and interventions, among referrals to emergency departments in the Sanliurfa province of southeastern @entity233 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from all emergency departments in the province based on the 'Suicide Attempt Registry' standardized records for the calendar year 2010. Sociodemographic characteristics, aetiology, @entity146 history, @entity146 consultations, and interventions were examined. The groups were analysed with the chi-square test; the significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The annual rate of suicide attempts was 55.39 in 100,000 for the calendar year 2010. The rate was 3.47 times higher among @entity1 than @entity1 , and in particular 4.15 times higher for the 15-24 year age group among @entity1 than in @entity1 with the highest incidence of suicide attempts. The majority of cases were referred in April and May. Medication or toxic agent ingestions comprised 90.3 % of cases. The main reason for attempts was family problems or domestic violence among @entity1 , and economic hardships among @entity1 , and rates of physical and mental problems were similar for both sexes. Only 8.8 % of cases were subsequently referred for @entity146 consultation. Among cases with a prior suicide attempt history, 44.6 % had a reported @entity146 . CONCLUSION: The results of this investigation show that strengthening of surveillance and emergency healthcare systems, enhancement of mental health literacy, and inter-sector collaboration for development of community empowerment programmes are of vital importance for prevention of attempted suicide. The low rate of @entity146 referrals for subsequent intervention represented a major gap in urgent mental health services in the region.

title: Evaluation of attempted suicide in emergency departments in Sanliurfa province, southeastern XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorder']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: This trial compared the termination of early pregnancy ( @entity4999 less than 43 days) by 600 mg orally of the antiprogesteron @entity3927 to the traditional method of vacuum aspiration. Fifty @entity1 were randomly assigned to either of the treatments. All the @entity1 treated with vacuum aspiration had a @entity5852 . Three of these @entity1 developed @entity4134 ( @entity4134 ) after the aspiration. Another @entity1 had the uterus perforated during the procedure, and an emergency laparotomy had to be performed. The @entity1 in the evacuation group spent more days in bed and needed longer sick leave after the treatment than the @entity1 in the @entity3927 group. In the @entity3927 group, six @entity1 had @entity6003 and all were treated by evacuation. Three of the @entity1 developed @entity4134 after the evacuation. A decrease of 40% or more in beta @entity3566 from the initial value to the value 1 week later were invariably associated with @entity5852 . In both groups the changes in hemoglobin were insignificant and no @entity1 needed blood transfusion or emergency evacuation. The @entity3927 treatment is a simple and safe alternative to vacuum aspiration for termination of early pregnancies.

title: XXXX or vacuum aspiration in termination of early pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6003 :: ('MESH:D000027', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete abortions']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['complete abortion']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'pelvic inflammatory diseasae']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['Mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['Mifepristone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With @entity157 ( @entity157 ) screening and treatment, the incidence of diagnosing a case of extrahepatic @entity5 (EHPM) in @entity1 with @entity157 has increased. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence and clinical outcomes of EHPM in @entity1 with @entity157 who underwent curative resection in Korea. METHODS: The clinical data of 250 @entity1 with @entity157 who underwent curative resection in our hospital from May 2003 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features, overall survival, and causes of @entity204 were compared between @entity1 with @entity157 with or without EHPM. RESULTS: The prevalence of EHPM among the 250 @entity1 was 13.2% (n   =   33). The most common site of EHPM was the colorectal (n   =   10), followed by the stomach (n   =   9), breasts (n   =   4), and kidneys (n   =   3). @entity1 with EHPM were significantly older, and they presented with higher rates of comorbidities, a different etiology of @entity157 , and better liver function than @entity1 without EHPM. Interestingly, overall survival was significantly lower in the EHPM group, which more frequently displayed extrahepatic causes of @entity204 . Moreover, the presence of EHPM was an independent factor for overall survival in the study population. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of EHPM in @entity1 with @entity157 who underwent curative surgical resection was 13.2% in Korea, with @entity14 comprising most EHPMs (88%). The @entity1 with EHPM displayed significantly worse survival because of extrahepatic causes of @entity204 , which should be considered in the management of @entity157 in the future.

title: Prevalence and outcomes of extrahepatic XXXX associated with @entity157 in a Korean population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary malignancy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and stomach cancers']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'advances in hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['primary malignancy']


abstract: AIMS: Optic nerve @entity1653 typically present with unilateral @entity227 . Here, a single centre's experience with radiotherapy aimed at local control and visual stabilisation is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity1653 database within the Radiation Oncology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital was audited for @entity1 whose @entity1653 took origin from the optic nerve sheath. Excluded from this evaluation was any @entity1 whose @entity1653 secondarily involved the optic nerve. Where vision was not a consideration, treatment was given by stereotactic radiosurgery for @entity1 with retained vision. The remaining @entity1 were treated by fractionated radiotherapy, predominately via a stereotactic approach. The main end points were: lack of radiological progression of the @entity5 and maintenance of preradiotherapy vision. RESULTS: There were 15 eligible @entity1 , one @entity1 with @entity4786 had bilateral optic nerve involvement; thus, 16 optic nerves were treated. @entity1 (10) outnumbered @entity1 (five) and the age range was 7-74 years. One @entity1 progressed outside the volume treated (for a geographical failure) with no infield progression. This @entity1 became blind, was re-treated by stereotactic radiosurgery, had @entity5 control and vision improved. Thus, for 17 optic nerves (or part thereof) treated, all @entity1 ultimately had local control (100%) with worsening of vision only occurring in one @entity1 . No other late morbidity was present for any @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Optic nerve @entity1653 have high local control rates and preservation of vision with radiotherapy.

title: Optic nerve XXXX --non-surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'sheath meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['sheath meningiomas']


abstract: Many authors have used pleural lavage cytology for confirming @entity2 , but the results showed relatively low sensitivity having positive range of 4-14%. So, if we have a method with higher sensitivity than lavage cytology, the significance of pleural micro-metastasis will be elucidated clearly. To detect micro-metastasis, we underwent touch print cytology using glass slides and lavage cytology. Just after thoracotomy, touch print was carried with 2 pieces of glass slide from the visceral pleural surface of @entity5 mass. Then, two lavage cytology were collected at the times of pre-resection and post-resection (after distilled water irrigation) using each 1 liter of saline. The glass slides and lavages were examined for confirming micro-metastasis of @entity5 cells. From June 1998 to May 2004, 146 @entity5 masses of @entity2 have been subjected. Among them, 127 sets of cytology slides were reviewed completely in the last one month. Touch print cytology was found to be positive in 81.9% (104/127), while lavage cytology in 4.7% (6/127) of pre-resection and in 0.8% (1/127) of post-resection. To detect pleural micro-metastasis, touch print cytology using a glass slide can be considered as an easy and effective method having higher sensitivity than lavage cytology.

title: Touch print cytology shows higher sensitivity than pleural lavage cytology for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pleural micro-metastasis in lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['pleural micro-metastasis in lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between psychology and @entity393 . METHODS: A literature review was conducted by consulting Medline until April 2014. RESULTS: Psychological factors appear to be significantly associated with the risk of recurrent @entity2208 . @entity308 and @entity148 are common symptoms after @entity2208 . A return to normal scores of @entity308 and @entity148 is frequently found in one year. A systematic psychological treatment after an episode of @entity2208 seems to not bring obvious benefits, one year after a @entity2208 , in terms of @entity148 and @entity308 . After a stillbirth, psychological impacts on the couple, such as @entity148 and @entity308 , are common. An empathetic and respectful attitude of all medical and paramedical team at the support is associated with better psychological experience. CONCLUSION: After a @entity393 , psychological consequences are common and usually reversible. An attitude of empathy is desirable in order to accompany @entity1 and to consider a future pregnancy.

title: [Psychology and XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['pregnancy loss']


abstract: @entity1534 causes peptic ulceration and @entity356 . The aims were to study the influence of dupA1 positivity upon @entity687 ( @entity687 ) secretion from gastric mucosa and determine the prevalence of mutations responsible for @entity4581 and @entity3284 resistance. DNA was extracted from 74 biopsies and the virulence factors were studied. Levels of @entity687 in gastric mucosa were measured using ELISA and the mutations responsible for @entity4581 and @entity3284 resistance were determined using a GenoType-HelicoDR assay. The prevalence of @entity2757 in strains isolated from @entity2275 ( @entity2275 ) and duodenal ulcer (DU) was significantly higher than those isolated from non-ulcer disease (NUD) (90% and 57.9% versus 33.3%; p 0.01). The vacA s1m1 genotype was more prevalent in @entity1 with DU (73.7%) and @entity2275 (70%) than in those with NUD (13.3%) (p 0.01). The prevalence of dupA1 was higher in DU @entity1 (36.8%) than those with @entity2275 (10%) and NUD (8.9%) (p 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that a @entity2757 +/vacA s1i1m2 virulence gene combination was independently associated with the developing @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ) with increased odds of developing @entity10189 (p 0.03; OR  =  2.1). We found no significant difference in the levels of @entity687 secretion in gastric @entity281 with @entity1534 dupA-negative and @entity1534 dupA1-positive strains (dupA-negative: mean      median: 28      26 versus 30      27.1 for dupA1; p 0.6). While 12 strains were @entity4581 resistant, only three isolates were @entity5553 resistant. A significant association was found between dupA1 genotype and @entity67535 @entity4581 resistance mutation (p <0.01). Further study is needed to explore the relationship between virulence factors and disease process and treatment failure.

title: Duodenal ulcer promoting gene 1 (dupA1) is associated with @entity67535 @entity4581 -resistance mutation but not XXXX secretion from gastric mucosa in Iraqi @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease', 'PUD']

entities_list: @entity3284 :: ('D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolone']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mucosa infected']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori', 'H.  pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer', 'GU']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['interleukin-8']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mapping of recurrent @entity591 ( @entity591 ) after extensive ablation for long-lasting persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is complex. We sought to describe the electrophysiological characteristics of localized reentry occurring after ablation of long-lasting persistent @entity955 . METHODS: Out of 70 @entity1 undergoing catheter ablation of long-lasting persistent @entity955 , 9 @entity1 (13%, 55 +/- 8 years, 8 males) in whom localized reentry was demonstrated in a repeat ablation were studied. Localized reentry was defined as reentry in which the circuit was localized to a small area and did not have a central obstacle. The mechanism of @entity591 was determined by electroanatomical and entrainment mapping. RESULTS: Nine localized reentries with cycle length of 243 +/- 41 ms were mapped in 9 @entity1 . The location of @entity591 was the left atrial appendage in 4 @entity1 , anterior left atrium in 2, left septum in 2, and mitral isthmus in 1. In all ATs, a critical isthmus of <10 mm in width was identified in the @entity75 or ostia of isolated pulmonary veins. Ablation of the critical isthmus, which was characterized by continuous low-voltage activity (median voltage: 0.15 mV, mean duration: 117 +/- 31 ms), terminated @entity591 and rendered it noninducible. Additionally, ablation was performed for all of inducible ATs. At 11 +/- 7 months after the procedure, 8 of 9 @entity1 (89%) were free from any @entity943 . CONCLUSIONS: After ablation of long-lasting persistent @entity955 , localized reentry may arise from a site in the vicinity of the prior ablation lesions. Ablation of the critical isthmus eliminates the @entity943 .

title: Electrophysiological characteristics of localized reentrant @entity591 occurring after catheter ablation of long-lasting persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vicinity of the prior linear lesions']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary overcirculation through a systemic-pulmonary shunt has been one of the major causes of @entity204 after the Norwood procedure. To avoid this lethal complication, we constructed a right ventricle-pulmonary shunt in first-stage palliation of @entity1699 . METHODS: Between February 1998 and February 2002, 19 consecutive @entity1 , aged 6 to 57 days (median, 9 days) and weighing 1.6 to 3.9 kg (median, 3.0 kg), underwent a modified Norwood operation with the right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt. The procedure included aortic reconstruction by direct anastomosis of the proximal main pulmonary artery and a nonvalved @entity736 shunt between a small right ventriculotomy and a distal stump of the main pulmonary artery. The size of the shunt used was 4 mm in 5 @entity1 and 5 mm in 14. RESULTS: All @entity1 were managed without any particular manipulation to control pulmonary vascular resistance. There were 17 survivors (89%), including 3 @entity1 weighing less than 2 kg. Two late @entity204 occurred due to obstruction of the right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt. Thirteen @entity1 underwent a stage II Glenn procedure after a mean interval of 6 months, with 2 hospital @entity204 . To date, a stage III Fontan procedure has been completed in 4 @entity1 . Overall survival was 62% (13/19). Right ventricular fractional shortening at the last follow-up (3-48 months after stage I) ranged from 26% to 43% (n = 13, mean, 33%). CONCLUSION: Without delicate postoperative management to control pulmonary vascular resistance, the modified Norwood procedure using the right ventricle-pulmonary shunt provides a stable systemic circulation as well as adequate pulmonary blood flow. This novel operation may be particularly beneficial to low-birth-weight @entity1 with @entity1699 .

title: Right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt in first-stage palliation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine exposure-response relationships between ionizing radiation and several mortality outcomes in a subgroup of 4,054 @entity1 of the German @entity595 miner cohort study, who worked between 1946 and 1989 in milling facilities, but never underground or in open pit mines. METHODS: Mortality follow-up was from 1946 to 2008, accumulating 158,383 @entity1 -years at risk. Cumulative exposure to radon progeny in working level months (WLM) (mean  =  8, max  =  127), long-lived radionuclides from @entity595 ore dust in kBqh/m(3) (mean  =  3.9, max  =  132), external gamma radiation in @entity2073 (mean  =  26, max  =  667) and @entity3440 dust was estimated by a comprehensive job-exposure matrix. Internal Poisson regression models were applied to estimate the linear excess relative risk (ERR) per unit of cumulative exposure. RESULTS: Overall, a total of 457, 717 and 111 @entity204 occurred from malignant @entity5 , @entity65 and non-malignant @entity1576 , respectively. @entity595 ore dust and @entity3440 dust were not associated with mortality from any of these disease groups. A statistically significant relationship between cumulative radon exposure and mortality from all @entity5 (ERR/100 WLM  =  1.71; p  =  0.02), primarily due to @entity2 (n  =  159; ERR/100 WLM  =  3.39; p  =  0.05), was found. With respect to cumulative external gamma radiation, an excess of mortality of solid @entity5 (n  =  434; ERR/Sv  =  1.86; p  =  0.06), primarily due to @entity5 (n  =  49, ERR/Sv  =  10.0; p  =  0.12), was present. CONCLUSION: The present findings show an excess mortality from @entity2 due to radon exposure and from solid @entity5 due to external gamma radiation in @entity595 millers that was not statistically significant. Exposure to @entity595 was not associated with any cause of @entity204 , but absorbed organ doses were estimated to be low.

title: Mortality from internal and external radiation exposure in a cohort of male German XXXX millers, 1946-2008.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['Uranium', 'uranium']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity595 :: (MESH:D014501,Chemical) :: ['uranium']


abstract: SETTING: @entity4325 represent the first wildlife reservoir of @entity2497 in the United States. The behavior of does with nursing fawns provides several potential mechanisms for disease transmission. Little information exists concerning transmission between doe and fawn, specifically transmammary transmission. OBJECTIVE: Determine if fawns can become infected by ingestion of milk replacer containing @entity2499 , thus simulating transmission from doe to fawn through contaminated milk. DESIGN: Seventeen, 21-day-old @entity4325 fawns were inoculated orally with 2 x 10(8) CFU (high dose, n=5), 2.5 x 10(5) to 2.5 x 10(6) CFU (medium dose, n=5), and 1 x 10(4) CFU (low dose, n=5) of @entity2499 in milk replacer. Dosages were divided equally and fed daily over a 5-day period. Positive control fawns (n=2) received 1 x 10(5) CFU of @entity2499 instilled in the tonsillar crypts. Fawns were euthanized and examined 35-115 days after inoculation and various tissues collected for bacteriologic and microscopic analysis. RESULTS: All fawns in the tonsillar, high oral and medium oral dose groups developed generalized @entity378 involving numerous organs and tissues by 35-84 days after inoculation. Three of five fawns in the low-dose oral group had @entity66 in the mandibular lymph node, and one of five had lesions in the medial retropharyngeal lymph node when examined 115 days after inoculation. CONCLUSION: @entity4325 fawns can become infected through oral exposure to @entity2499 . Therefore, the potential exists for fawns to acquire @entity2499 while nursing tuberculous does.

title: Milk containing @entity2497 as a source of infection for @entity4325 fawns ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous lesions']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

entities_list: @entity4325 :: ('9874', 'Species') :: ['White-tailed deer', 'white-tailed deer']

answer: @entity4325 :: (9874,Species) :: ['Odocoileus virginianus']


abstract: Recent epidemiological and experimental investigations suggest a close relationship between cyclooxygenase (COX) and pathogenesis of @entity14 . There are two isoforms, @entity9859 and @entity2247 , which differ in physiological functions and distribution. This study is to investigate the possible roles of both isoforms in the proliferation of @entity694 cells. A @entity1 @entity694 cell line, COLO 320DM, was transfected with an eukaryotic expression vector (pEF-BOS) carrying cDNA of either @entity9859 or @entity2247 . Both @entity9859 and @entity2247 -expressing cells exhibited a similar enzyme activity, 8-10 nmol/10 min/mg of protein. Growth rates of both COX-expressing cells were increased by about 2 fold as compared with mock-transfected cells. The stimulated growth of the COX-expressing cells was confirmed by the increased DNA synthesis as assessed by @entity665 incorporation. Furthermore, expression of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) was markedly increased in the COX-expressing cells as examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A COX inhibitor, @entity3352 , suppressed the stimulated growth, increased DNA synthesis and induction of @entity470 in the @entity9859 and @entity2247 -transfected cells. These results suggest that not only @entity2247 but @entity9859 is involved in the proliferation of @entity1 @entity694 cells through the induction of @entity470 .

title: Growth stimulation and XXXX induction in cyclooxygenase-overexpressing @entity1 @entity694 cells.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: The relationship between the physico-chemical characteristics of sputum and pulmonary function tests was investigated in @entity1 with chronic nonspecific @entity1030 . 141 sputum specimens were categorized on the basis of neutrophil content as slightly inflammatory (mucoid), inflammatory (mucopurulent) and highly inflammatory. "Apparent" viscosity, @entity3953 and @entity3167 content were determined. Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and maximal @entity2798 measurements were performed simultaneously for each @entity1 . "Apparent" viscosity and @entity3953 content did not differ among the sputum categories; @entity3167 was slightly increased in the inflammatory sputa. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between "apparent" viscosity, forced expiratory volume and maximal @entity2798 . In contrast, "apparent" viscosity did not correlate with forced vital capacity. As for the bronchial glycoprotein components, @entity3953 correlated directly with "apparent" viscosity, whereas @entity3167 did not. "Apparent" viscosity was approximately the same in all sputum categories; it did not depend on the sputum neutrophil frequency except in the case of the slightly inflammatory, mucoid sputa in which "apparent" viscosity correlated indirectly with the sputum neutrophil frequency. These results show that physicochemical characteristics of sputum or bronchial secretions may play an important role in obstruction of the airways in @entity1 with chronic nonspecific @entity1030 . In the case of low inflammation of the bronchi, bronchial glycoproteins produced in the @entity1184 and goblet cells are mainly responsible for increased "apparent" viscosity. With increasing inflammation of the bronchi, factors other than bronchial glycoproteins appear to determine this flow property.

title: [Sputum viscosity and respiratory tract obstruction in chronic unspecific XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylneuraminic acid']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied tracheobronchial glands']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary ventilation']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['airway diseases']


abstract: Belonging to the subtilase family, the cell surface proteinase (CSP) PrtB of @entity6330 differs from other CSPs synthesized by @entity880 bacteria. Expression of the prtB gene under its own promoter was shown to complement the proteinase-deficient strain MG1363 ( @entity42180 (-) PrtM(-)) of @entity26135 . Surprisingly, the maturation process of PrtB, unlike that of lactococcal CSP PrtPs, does not require a specific PrtM-like chaperone. The @entity1473 end of PrtB was previously shown to be different from the consensus anchoring region of other CSPs and exhibits an imperfect duplication of 59 @entity1522 with a high @entity376 content. By using a deletion strategy, the removal of the last 99 @entity1522 , including the degenerated anchoring signal (LPKKT), was found to be sufficient to release a part of the truncated PrtB into the culture medium and led to an increase in PrtB activity. This truncated PrtB is still active and enables @entity7878 MG1363 to grow in milk supplemented with @entity413 . By contrast, deletion of the last 806 @entity1522 of PrtB led to the secretion of an inactive proteinase. Thus, the utmost carboxy end of PrtB is involved in attachment to the bacterial cell wall. Proteinase PrtB constitutes a powerful tool for cell surface display of heterologous proteins like antigens.

title: Determination of the domain of the @entity6330 cell surface proteinase PrtB involved in attachment to the cell wall after heterologous expression of the prtB gene in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity26135 :: ('1359', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris']

entities_list: @entity6330 :: ('1585', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity7878 :: (1358,Species) :: ['Lactococcus lactis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Teeth are crucial, not only for mastication, but for overall nutrition and general health, including cognitive function. Aged @entity19 with chronic stress due to @entity2524 exhibit @entity73 . Exposure to an enriched environment restores the reduced hippocampal function. Here, we explored the effects of an enriched environment on @entity4207 and hippocampal morphologic changes in aged senescence-accelerated @entity19 P8 (SAMP8) @entity19 with @entity2524 . DESIGN: Eight-month-old male aged SAMP8 @entity19 with molar intact or with molars removed were housed in either a standard environment or enriched environment for 3 weeks. The Morris water maze was performed for spatial memory test. The newborn cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the hippocampus were analyzed using @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) immunohistochemical method. The hippocampal @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) levels were also measured. RESULTS: @entity19 with upper molars removed (molarless) exhibited a significant decline in the proliferation and survival of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) as well as in hippocampal @entity9140 levels. In addition, neuronal differentiation of newly generated cells was suppressed and hippocampus-dependent spatial memory was impaired. Exposure of molarless @entity19 to an enriched environment attenuated the reductions in the hippocampal @entity9140 levels and neuronal differentiation, and partially improved the proliferation and survival of newborn cells, as well as the spatial memory ability. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that an enriched environment could ameliorate the hippocampus-dependent spatial @entity2414 induced by molar @entity2524 .

title: Hippocampus-dependent spatial @entity2414 due to molar XXXX is ameliorated by an enriched environment.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', '5-Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse strain', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired hippocampus-dependent learning and memory']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning deficits']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity2524 :: (MESH:D016388,Disease) :: ['tooth loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) has consistently been a predictor of greater survival in @entity22 ( @entity22 ) @entity1 . The relationship between hemodialysis (HD) treatment frequency and @entity8 preservation has not been well examined. We hypothesized that initial twice-weekly HD helps in maintaining a longer @entity8 . METHODS: In a dialysis center in Shanghai, 168 @entity454 @entity1 were screened and finally 85 @entity1 were identified for this main cohort study. We first examined these 85 @entity22 @entity1 ; 30 of them were initiated with twice-weekly HD for 6 months or longer and 55 @entity1 were started and maintained on thrice-weekly HD treatment. Then a subcohort study in 48 incident @entity22 @entity1 was implemented to assess the independent risk factors responsible for @entity8 decline during the first year of HD therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was then employed to examine the odds ratio of @entity8 . RESULTS: The main cohort study showed that the clinical outcomes were almost the same between the two groups in 85 @entity1 , but the percent of @entity1 with @entity8 was significantly lower in the twice-weekly group compared with the thrice-weekly group, especially during the first year of HD initiation. In the 48 incident @entity22 @entity1 , we found no significant differences between the two groups except for variations in the HD frequency, weekly Kt/V. The multivariate analysis showed that factors such as the male gender, HD frequency, URR and @entity551 episode were associated with @entity8 , and the odds ratio of @entity8 for each additional HD treatment per week was 7.2. CONCLUSION: Twice-weekly HD during the first year of dialysis therapy appears to be associated with better @entity8 preservation.

title: Association of initial twice-weekly hemodialysis treatment with preservation of residual kidney function in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RKF', 'RKF loss', 'Residual kidney function']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['maintenance hemodialysis', 'MHD']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intradialytic hypotension']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['ESRD']