abstract: BACKGROUND: Flat-type @entity14 is frequently reported in Japan and Europe, but its clinical features remain obscure. Thus, we investigated the clinical features of flat-type early @entity14 with respect to @entity5 location and @entity1 age and compared them with those of polypoid-type early and @entity5 . METHODS: Between January 1999 and June 2001, total colonoscopy was performed in 6,178 @entity1 (mean age, 61 years; 4,290 males and 1,888 females). Of these @entity1 , 402 @entity1 with 429 @entity14 were found: 202 at advanced stage (invading beyond muscularis propria) and 227 at early stage ( @entity189 in situ or invading within submucosa). Early-stage @entity5 was classified into two macroscopic subgroups: flat-type and polypoid-type. RESULTS: Out of 227 early @entity5 , 44 were flat type and 183 were polypoid. @entity5 was more frequently located in the right colon (57 percent, 25/44) than polypoid-type @entity5 (19 percent, 35/183; P < 0.001). @entity5 was less frequent than in polypoid-type @entity5 (23 percent vs. 92 percent, P < 0.001). The proportion of right-sided @entity694 increased with age (33 percent in @entity1 < or = 59 years, 50 percent in @entity1 between 60 and 69 years, and 72 percent in @entity1 > or = 70 years), whereas polypoid-type early @entity5 showed minimal change (16 percent, 18 percent, and 25 percent, respectively). An increase in the proportion of right-sided colon with age was also found in @entity5 (20 percent, 38 percent, and 52 percent, respectively). CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity5 in right-sided colon increased with age, similar to the pattern of @entity5 . This suggests that @entity5 may be a precursor of @entity5 in the right colon, especially in older @entity1 .

title: Flat-type early XXXX preferentially develops in right-sided colon in older @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Flat-type early cancer', 'cancer', 'Adenomatous component in flat-type early cancer', 'flat-type early cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon in flat-type early cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Primary @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is extremely rare. Its clinical presentation is similar to that of @entity189 . @entity3 or extension from the head and neck area should be ruled out, as @entity1 with @entity957 have a poorer prognosis than @entity1 who have a thyroid extension from an adjacent @entity5 . An 87-year-old @entity1 presented with a longstanding painless mass in the right thyroid and had experienced 2 months of pain upon swallowing. A right lobectomy was performed with resection of thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, a portion of the first to third @entity8276 and the right neck lymph node. A histological examination revealed pure SCC. The @entity5 cells showed diffuse immunoreactivity to @entity4205 , @entity4166 and @entity4206 . Immunoreactivity to EMA and @entity876 was focally positive. @entity10922 , galectin 3 and thyroglobulin immunoreactivity was restricted to the non-neoplastic thyroid tissue. Both @entity5 cells and non-neoplastic follicular cells were negative for @entity5893 . The @entity1758 index was 36%. DNA extracted from the @entity5 identified a @entity817 @entity8554 mutation in exon 15 and a @entity817 @entity27141 mutation in exon 11, whereas DNA from non-tumorous cells did not contain a mutation. These molecular findings may suggest a direct transformation from @entity1377 to @entity957 .

title: Primary pure XXXX : report and histogenic consideration of a case involving a @entity817 mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC-T', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal ring']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe our minimally invasive technique for the surgical treatment of far @entity890 (FLLDH) using MetRx tissue dilators system and a surgical microscope; and to report our experience with this method. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data of all @entity1 with FLLDH treated by minimally invasive discectomy. Outcome assessment was performed using neurological status, the visual analog scale (VAS) for @entity615 and @entity158 , and the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionaire (SF-36). RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 were included in this study. The mean follow-up time was 25.16 months. Muscle weakness improved in all @entity1 . @entity51 disappeared in 22 @entity1 and improved in the other five @entity1 . The mean VAS for @entity158 showed significant improvement from 8.6 preoperatively, to 3.8 in the immediate postoperative period (P-value <.01), and 0.6 at the last follow-up. The mean VAS for @entity615 also showed significant improvement from 5.8 preoperatively, to 4.8 in the immediate postoperative period and 0.7 at the last follow-up visit. The SF 36 data showed significant improvement in all the eight domains: the physical functioning improved from 9.68 preoperatively to 76.33 at 6-month follow-up and SF 36 bodily @entity158 index improved from 6.71 before surgery to 79.53 at 6-month follow up. Complications included two cases of incidental dural tear, without postoperative CSF leakage and one case of residual sequestered disc that was successfully removed by a second minimally invasive procedure. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that this minimally invasive technique is safe and efficacious for the management of FLLDH and might be an alternative to open microsurgical approaches.

title: Minimally invasive approach to far XXXX : technique and clinical results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Sensory deficits']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'leg pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lateral lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lateral lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The current working model of type II @entity2969 ( @entity2969 ) pathogenesis states that @entity189 in situ arises during embryogenesis, is a necessary precursor, and always progresses to @entity5 . An implicit condition of this model is that only in utero exposures affect the development of @entity2969 in later life. In an age-period-cohort analysis, this working model contends an absence of calendar period deviations. We tested this contention using data from the SEER registries of the United States. METHODS: We assessed age-period-cohort models of @entity4797 , and nonseminomas for the period 1973-2008. Analyses were restricted to whites diagnosed at ages 15-74  years. We tested whether calendar period deviations were significant in @entity2969 incidence trends adjusted for age deviations and cohort effects. RESULTS: This analysis included 32,250 TGCTs (18,475 @entity4797 and 13,775 nonseminomas). @entity4797 incidence trends have increased with an average annual percentage change in log-linear rates (net drift) of 1.25  %, relative to just 0.14  % for nonseminoma. In more recent time periods, @entity2969 incidence trends have plateaued and then undergone a slight decrease. Calendar period deviations were highly statistically significant in models of @entity2969 (p  =  1.24(-9)) and @entity4797 (p  =  3.99(-14)), after adjustment for age deviations and cohort effects; results for nonseminoma (p  =  0.02) indicated that the effects of calendar period were much more muted. CONCLUSION: Calendar period deviations play a significant role in incidence trends of @entity2969 , which indicates that postnatal exposures are etiologically relevant.

title: Significant calendar period deviations in testicular germ cell XXXX indicate that postnatal exposures are etiologically relevant.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['TGCT', 'testicular germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['TGCTs, seminomas', 'Seminoma', 'seminomas', 'seminoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: We encountered 2 @entity1 with @entity3438 arising from the medulla oblongata in whom preoperative radiological diagnosis was difficult. A 30-year-old @entity1 presented due to @entity1174 caused by bilateral lower @entity129 , and a 24-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity10 caused by obstructive @entity1276 . In both @entity1 , there was a midline @entity5 that extended from the lower part of the fourth ventricle to the C1 lamina level. It was well-demarcated and homogeneously enhanced @entity5 with a slightly high density on plain CT scan. The preoperative diagnosis for both @entity1 was @entity424 . The former @entity1 had persistent lower @entity129 due to brain stem injury after @entity5 resection. Both @entity1 achieved complete remission with adjuvant therapy. Fewer than 10 cases of @entity3438 affecting the medulla oblongata have been reported. Radiological findings resembling those of the @entity979 were observed in the two @entity1 reported here. We would like to stress the importance of @entity3438 when making a preoperative differential diagnosis of fourth @entity2504 in young adults.

title: Primary medulla oblongata XXXX --an unusual posterior fossa @entity5 in young adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tumors']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineal region germinoma']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['germinoma', 'remembering germinoma']

answer: @entity3438 :: (MESH:D018237,Disease) :: ['germinoma']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of two different strategies using radiofrequency catheter ablation for redo procedures after cryoablation of @entity955 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 ( @entity955 : 22 @entity1 , persistent @entity955 : 8 @entity1 ) had to undergo a redo procedure after initially successful circumferential pulmonary vein (PV) isolation with the cryoballoon technique (Arctic Front Balloon, CryoCath Technologies/Medtronic). The redo ablation procedures were performed using a segmental approach or a circumferential ablation strategy (CARTO; Biosense Webster) depending on the intra-procedural findings. After discharge, @entity1 were scheduled for repeated visits at the @entity943 clinic. A 7-day Holter monitoring was performed at 3, 12 and 24 mo after the ablation procedure. RESULTS: During the redo procedure, a mean number of 2.9 re-conducting pulmonary veins (SD    1.0 PVs) were detected (using a circular mapping catheter). In 20 @entity1 , a segmental approach was sufficient to eliminate the residual pulmonary vein conduction because there were only a few recovered pulmonary vein fibres. In the remaining 10 @entity1 , a circumferential ablation strategy was used because of a complete recovery of the PV-LA conduction. All recovered pulmonary veins could be isolated successfully again. At 2-year follow-up, 73.3% of all @entity1 were free from an @entity943 recurrence (22/30). There were no major complications. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with an initial circumferential pulmonary vein isolation using the cryoballoon technique, a repeat ablation procedure can be performed safely and effectively using radiofrequency catheter ablation.

title: Catheter ablation of XXXX : Radiofrequency catheter ablation for redo procedures after cryoablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Studies have reported associations between the five-factor model's personality traits and @entity32 markers @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ). Findings, however, have been inconsistent. This study investigates these associations in individuals who ranged in age from approximately 70 to 73 years. METHODS: @entity1 were from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 818). Acute-phase proteins- @entity1851 and fibrinogen-were measured at ages approximately 70 years (first wave) and 73 years (second wave), and the inflammatory cytokine @entity650 was measured at age 73 years. Personality traits were measured at age 70 years using two instruments, the International Personality Item Pool and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. RESULTS: Lower International Personality Item Pool conscientiousness was cross-sectionally associated with elevated @entity1851 , such that 1 standard deviation higher conscientiousness was associated with 22% lower odds of having a @entity1851 level greater than 3 mg/l (odds ratio = 0.78; 95% confidence interval = 0.67-0.91). NEO Five-Factor Inventory openness was negatively associated with @entity1851 (odds ratio = 0.79; 95% confidence interval = 0.67-0.94) and @entity650 (b = -.08, p = .045) at age 73 years; these associations were attenuated by 26% and 63%, respectively, after adjusting for social background and prior cognitive ability. Body mass index mediated some (14%-18%) of the @entity32 association, whereas common health behaviors such as smoking, @entity167 consumption, and physical activity did not significantly mediate the personality trait-inflammatory marker association. CONCLUSIONS: The findings add some support to accumulating evidence for low conscientiousness being linked to higher levels of @entity32 and poorer general health.

title: Personality traits and @entity32 in XXXX and @entity1 in their early 70s: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study of healthy aging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'conscientiousness-inflammation']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Purpose. To analyze the safety, effectiveness, and stability of triplex surgery for phakic 6H anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens explantation and phacoemulsification with in-the-bag IOL implantation for super @entity1714 in long-term observations. Methods. This retrospective case series evaluated 16 eyes of 10 @entity1 who underwent triplex surgery. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), and associated adverse events were evaluated. Results. The mean follow-up time after the triplex surgery was 46    14 months. The mean logMAR BCVA was significantly improved after triplex surgery (P = 0.047). One eye developed @entity3225 five days postoperatively and underwent pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ). Five eyes with preoperative severe endothelial cell loss developed @entity2687 and underwent keratoplasty at a mean time of 9.4    2.6 months after the triplex surgery. One eye had graft failure and underwent a second keratoplasty. The eye developed @entity1713 and underwent @entity2286 with silicone oil 18 months later. @entity1358 before the triplex surgery was not significantly different compared with that at last follow-up (P = 0.495) apart from these five eyes. Three eyes (18.8%) developed @entity3236 . Conclusions. Triplex surgery was safe and effective for phakic 6H related complicated @entity231 . Early extraction before severe @entity1358 loss is recommended.

title: Long-Term Observation of Triplex Surgery for @entity231 after Phakic 6H Implantation for Super XXXX .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial cell density', 'ECD']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal decompensation']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity3236 :: ('MESH:D058442', 'Disease') :: ['posterior capsule opacification']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['High Myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature contains few studies of open treatment with an open surgical @entity572 approach for treatment of @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ) in adolescents. The average age and associated disorders in adolescents with @entity1743 reveal a critical need to study younger @entity1 whose @entity572 has not had time to progress. QUESTIONS: We assessed (1) how validated measures of @entity1 -oriented assessment of hip function and quality of life change after surgical @entity572 ; (2) whether any @entity1 -related or technique variables correlated with changes in the outcome scores; and (3) what the complications of treatment are and how many reoperations we performed on these @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 71 hips in adolescents younger than 21 years who underwent surgical @entity572 for @entity1743 . The final cohort consisted of 44 @entity1 (52 hips) with a mean age of 16 years. We analyzed changes in outcome variables after surgical @entity572 and recorded reoperations during the study period. RESULTS: The minimum followup was 12 months (average, 27 months; range, 12-60 months). Modified Harris hip scores increased from a mean of 57.7 preoperatively to a mean of 85.8 postoperatively. Mean SF-12 scores increased from 42.3 to 50.6. Mean preoperative hip flexion increased from 97.5   to 106.2  . Mean internal rotation of the affected hip at 90   flexion increased from 18.19   to 34  . CONCLUSIONS: Early results revealed improvements in hip function, @entity1 quality of life, and ROM after surgical @entity572 for the majority of this group of adolescents with @entity1743 . However, 10% of the @entity1 did not improve, and an additional 15% improved but still did not consider their hips good or excellent. This points toward the need for further studies in this population of @entity1 .

title: Results of treatment of @entity1743 in adolescents with a surgical XXXX approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoroacetabular impingement', 'FAI']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation', 'hip disorder']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip dislocation']


abstract: RATIONALE: Desert dust particles, including quartz, which causes inflammatory responses in the airway in animal studies, are transported to widespread regions around the globe. Epidemiologically, areas impacted by desert dust storms, such as communities in the Middle East and the Caribbean, seem to have higher incidences of @entity565 than might be expected. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the magnitude of association between airborne mineral dust concentration and hospitalization of @entity1 for @entity2789 by using Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) with a polarization analyzer for an exposure measurement, which can distinguish mineral dust particles from other particles. METHODS: A case-crossover design was used. The exposure measurement was LIDAR's nonspherical extinction coefficient. The outcome measurement was hospitalization of @entity1 aged 1 to 15 years for @entity2789 in eight principal hospitals in Toyama, a local area in Japan bordering the Japan Sea, during February to April, 2005 to 2009. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: During the study period, there were 620 admissions for @entity2789 , and 6 days with a heavy dust event (daily mineral dust concentration > 0.1 mg/m(3)). Conditional logistic regression showed a statistically significant association between @entity565 hospitalization and a heavy dust event. The crude odds ratio (OR) of the heavy dust event for hospitalization on the day was 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-3.41; P = 0.037), and the OR of heavy dust event during the previous week was 1.83 (95% CI, 1.31-2.56; P = 0.00043). The OR adjusted by other air pollutant levels, pollen, and meteorological factors was 1.71 (95% CI, 1.18-2.48; P = 0.0050). CONCLUSIONS: Heavy dust events are associated with an increased risk of hospitalizations for @entity565 .

title: Desert dust exposure is associated with increased risk of @entity565 hospitalization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2789 :: ('MESH:D018450', 'Disease') :: ['asthma exacerbation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity1756 is a rare anomaly usually causing decrease of cardiac performance. Eight @entity1 with a @entity1756 of the sinus of Valsalva were operated upon at the University Hospital Zurich between 1970 and 1991. There were four female and four male @entity1 aged from 15 to 48 years (mean, 36 years). Three @entity1 were asymptomatic and five symptomatic. Associated @entity299 were found in six @entity1 . Surgical techniques consisted of direct suture in seven @entity1 and closure with a Dacron patch in one. A secondary Dacron patch closure was performed on the second postoperative day in a @entity1 with suture insufficiency after direct closure. Associated operations were closure of @entity1757 in two @entity1 , aortic valve replacement in two, aortic valve reconstruction in one and aortic valve commissurotomy in one @entity1 . There were no operative deaths. The mean follow-up was 9 years, range 7 months to 17 years. There were two late deaths due to @entity884 and recurrent @entity1779 . An operation for a @entity1756 has a low operative risk, but @entity1 remain prone to development of late @entity340 .

title: XXXX : surgical technique and long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva', 'ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva', 'ruptured congenital aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular complications']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolisation']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['Ruptured congenital aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva']


abstract: There exists high incidence of @entity2259 , @entity295 and @entity693 in young @entity1 with @entity5746 . However, focal @entity932 due to @entity5746 are rare. We reported a 2-month-old male baby presenting @entity5746 with @entity867 . The @entity1 's clinical course was fulminant. He was admitted due to @entity221 , @entity146 , @entity417 and @entity1431 . He developed @entity1167 , @entity1457 and skin diathesis on his second hospitalization day. After resuscitation he became comatous and showed acrocyanosis and gangrenous skin over the hands, feet and @entity2169 . Both blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were Salmonella Group B. The @entity1 got worse rapidly in spite of vigorous treatment. @entity3553 , @entity5034 and later brain abscess were detected by serial brain sonograms. He died of central nervous system failure, @entity360 and @entity177 on the eighteenth hospitalization day.

title: @entity693 complicated with @entity3553 , XXXX : report of one case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial abscesses']

entities_list: @entity3553 :: ('MESH:D013354', 'Disease') :: ['Subdural empyema']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5034 :: ('MESH:D058565', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella infection', 'salmonella infection', 'Salmonella infections']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['left ear lobe']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess and purpura fulminans']

answer: @entity867 :: (MESH:D001922,Disease) :: ['brain abscess and purpura fulminans']


abstract: STUDY TYPE: Aetiology (case series). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. OBJECTIVE: To examine brain responses to bladder filling in young @entity1 with @entity28121 ( @entity241 , a sphincter abnormality manifested by @entity1494 ), treated with sacral neuromodulation (SNM). @entity1 AND METHODS: Six @entity1 , aged 18-39 years with @entity241 underwent functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) immediately after SNM and when untreated (baseline). Data were collected at four sessions: after SNM with an empty and a full bladder, and at baseline with an empty and a full bladder. In each session, 280 whole-brain scans were acquired while repeatedly infusing and withdrawing 50 mL of saline, using push-buttons to report changing desire to void. Data were analysed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. RESULTS: At baseline with an empty bladder, extensive responses (contrast = infusion-withdrawal) were almost exclusively negative ('deactivations'), e.g. in the right insula, seat of visceral sensation. Increased bladder volume and/or SNM treatment reduced deactivations and strengthened normal (positive) responses, e.g. in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) terminus of ascending spinal afferents. At baseline, there was significant correlation of brain responses with maximum urethral closure pressure. CONCLUSION: These data show that brain responses to bladder filling are abnormal in @entity241 . The explanation for this that best explains the evidence is that the primary abnormality is an overactive urethra that generates abnormally strong inhibitory afferent signals, so effectively blocking bladder afferent activity at the sacral level and deactivating the PAG and higher centres, with consequent @entity1494 and ability to void. Apparently, a normal mechanism for suppression of @entity322 involving the striated urethral sphincter becomes exaggerated in @entity241 and prevents voiding. SNM seems to act at the sacral level, by blocking inhibition by urethral afferents.

title: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the effect of sacral neuromodulation on brain responses in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['impaired voiding and bladder sensation', 'loss of bladder sensation']

entities_list: @entity28121 :: ('MESH:C565593', 'Disease') :: ["Fowler's syndrome"]

answer: @entity28121 :: (MESH:C565593,Disease) :: ['Fowler's syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity28 is a chronic @entity32 mediated in large part by the activation of inflammatory macrophages. This @entity32 underlies a whole host of diseases including @entity731 , @entity1560 , insulin resistance, @entity164 2 @entity6 , and @entity5 , among others. Macrophages are generally classified as either inflammatory or alternatively activated. Some tissue-resident macrophages are derived from yolk sac erythromyeloid progenitors and fetal liver progenitors that seed tissues during embryogenesis and have the ability to repopulate through local proliferation. These macrophages tend to be anti-inflammatory in nature and are generally involved in tissue remodeling, repair, and homeostasis. Alternatively, during @entity32 induced by @entity28 , bone marrow monocyte-derived macrophages are recruited to inflamed tissues, where they produce proinflammatory cytokines and exacerbate @entity32 . The extent to which these two populations of macrophages are plastic in their phenotype remains controversial. We have demonstrated previously that the @entity7277 receptor @entity4149 kinase is expressed on tissue-resident macrophages, where it limits inflammatory macrophage activation and promotes a repair phenotype. In this study, we demonstrate that @entity7277 is expressed in a subpopulation of macrophages during @entity32 induced by @entity28 that exhibit a repair phenotype as determined by the expression of @entity20503 . In addition, we demonstrate that the @entity7277 receptor plays a protective role in the progression of diet-induced @entity28 , hepatosteatosis, and @entity731 . These results suggest that altering macrophage heterogeneity in vivo could have the potential to alleviate @entity28 -associated diseases.

title: The @entity7277 Receptor @entity4149 Kinase Regulates Macrophage Heterogeneity and Plays a Protective Role in Diet-Induced @entity28 , XXXX , and Hepatosteatosis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 ( @entity20353 ) is the most common childhood diagnosis, leading to prescription of an antibiotic in the United States. Although antibiotics are used in @entity1 with @entity20353 , in part, to shorten the duration of symptoms, no instruments have been developed to track early changes in symptoms from the parent's point of view. The goal of the present study was to develop and evaluate a parent-reported symptom scale for @entity1 with @entity20353 ( @entity20353 ) for use as an outcome measure in @entity20353 treatment trials. METHODS: From a pool of 28 potential symptoms, we selected 7 on the basis of parent questionnaire, expert interviews, and review of the literature for inclusion in the @entity20353 . We administered the @entity20353 to a primary-care sample of @entity1 aged 6-25 months enrolled in a study of nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization. @entity1 were seen for well visits, @entity221 , and @entity20353 follow-up visits. At each visit, parents completed the @entity20353 and their @entity1 were examined by trained otoscopists. As part of the evaluation of the @entity20353 , we examined the association between each item on the questionnaire and the clinical diagnosis of @entity20353 while adjusting for the presence of @entity1729 . To assess responsiveness, we examined the change in @entity20353 scores in @entity1 with @entity20353 who were seen for follow-up within 3 weeks of diagnosis. RESULTS: We evaluated 264 @entity1 (mean age, 12.5 months at entry) at a total of 642 visits. We diagnosed @entity20353 at 24% of the visits. Each item on the questionnaire was significantly associated with the clinical diagnosis of @entity20353 (P < 0.001 for each), before and after adjusting for the presence or absence of upper @entity1729 . The mean @entity20353 score at visits when @entity20353 was diagnosed was 3.71, compared with 0.96 at visits when @entity20353 was not diagnosed (P < 0.001). Internal reliability of the scale as measured by Cronbach's alpha was 0.84. @entity20353 scores in @entity1 with @entity20353 who were otoscopically improved decreased by an average of 2.81 points (standardized response mean = 0.73). CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a short symptom scale for @entity1 with @entity20353 . This study provides preliminary data on the performance of the @entity20353 in a primary care sample of @entity1 .

title: Development and preliminary evaluation of a parent-reported outcome instrument for clinical trials in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute otitis media']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infection', 'respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['illness visits']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute otitis media']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14204 is a @entity395 with a generally subacute onset evolving over days to weeks. @entity1 present with a variable combination of @entity2414 , @entity410 , and @entity146 disturbance, and it is not rare for @entity1 to be initially misdiagnosed. @entity1 : We describe a previously healthy 12-year-old @entity1 who developed his first @entity410 at 8 years of age. He had a total of eight prolonged focal @entity410 , each followed by a month of behavioral changes and @entity2414 . There was no family history of @entity410 or other @entity16 , and he had an otherwise unremarkable neonatal and medical history. RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging during each episode of @entity410 showed alternating unilateral brain hemispheric involvement consistent with @entity14204 that was followed by resolution for a total of six times. Despite a negative laboratory evaluation for a large panel of paraneoplastic antibodies, the clinical scenario and exclusion of other @entity74 made recurrent @entity14204 the most likely diagnosis. CONCLUSION: @entity14204 is a @entity395 that is diagnosed primarily on the basis of clinical criteria and is often associated with the presence of a paraneoplastic antibody. However, lack of a positive paraneoplastic antibody in a @entity1 with a triad of @entity410 , behavioral changes, and @entity2414 does not exclude the diagnosis. The unique presentation in a seronegative @entity1 may indicate an unrecognized antibody.

title: XXXX in a @entity1 : an atypical presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['possible disorders']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['short-term memory loss', 'memory loss']

entities_list: @entity14204 :: ('MESH:D020363', 'Disease') :: ['limbic encephalitis', 'Limbic encephalitis']

answer: @entity14204 :: (MESH:D020363,Disease) :: ['Limbic encephalitis']


abstract: @entity5757 , a specific @entity1245 antagonist, was evaluated as adjunctive therapy in the management of @entity1245 @entity1445 . Thirteen emergency departments enrolled 326 @entity1 in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; 162 @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive @entity5757 (maximum dose, 30 ml, providing 3 mg of @entity5757 ), and 164 were allocated to receive placebo (maximum dose, 30 ml). A successful response was the attainment of a score of 1 or 2 on the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGIS), denoting a very much improved or much improved status, 10 minutes after the start of intravenous administration of the test drug. Among those @entity1 whose drug screen revealed the presence of @entity1245 , 75 (77%) of 97 @entity1 given @entity5757 and 13 (16%) of 83 given placebo attained such a response. The mean CGIS score at 10 minutes for @entity1245 -positive @entity1 treated with @entity5757 was 1.95 versus 3.58 for those given placebo. As determined by the Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale, 61% of @entity1 who initially responded became resedated; in these @entity1 , the effect of @entity5757 lasted a median of 90 minutes. At the investigator's discretion, @entity1 who did not achieve a criterion response in the double-blind trial could receive open-label @entity5757 , titrated as in the double-blind phase. Among the @entity1245 -positive @entity1 , 9 (53%) of 17 @entity1 from the @entity5757 group responded to the additional @entity5757 , and 58 (81%) of @entity1 previously given placebo responded. Safety was assessed in all 326 @entity1 given the test drug. The most frequent adverse experiences after the administration of @entity5757 were @entity2146 (7%), @entity391 (7%), abnormal crying (4%), and @entity390 (4%); these effects were observed with a lower frequency in the placebo group. Serious adverse experiences were reported in 4 @entity1 ; these included @entity410 and @entity943 . Of the 3 @entity1 with @entity410 , 2 had ingested large doses of cyclic antidepressants in addition to the @entity1245 . The toxicology screen for 1 of the 2 showed 1900 ng/ml of @entity19584 and 900 ng/ml of @entity5080 ; the toxicology screen for the other, who also had @entity1165 , showed 1928 ng/ml of @entity12902 and 301 ng/ml of @entity19584 . The results of this study confirm published reports of the efficacy of @entity5757 in reversing @entity1245 -induced sedation in @entity1 with @entity1245 @entity1445 . This was accomplished irrespective of the presence of coingested drugs. @entity5757 is not recommended for @entity1 with serious cyclic antidepressant poisoning or those who use @entity1245 therapeutically to control @entity410 disorders. When used as recommended, however, @entity5757 has been shown to have an acceptable safety level.

title: Treatment of @entity1245 @entity1445 with @entity5757 . The @entity5757 in XXXX Intoxication Multicenter Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity19584 :: ('MESH:D000657', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxapine']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5080 :: ('MESH:D009661', 'Chemical') :: ['nortriptyline']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil', 'Flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['Benzodiazepine']


abstract: For @entity1 with early (stage I/II) @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) surgery is considered as the standard treatment of choice, although recent data on additional @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) showed that it may be beneficial in this setting. There is, however, a subset of @entity1 that never undergo surgery. These @entity1 are considered technically operable, but medically inoperable, due to existing comorbidities. In addition, frequently elderly @entity1 with early @entity1149 are denied surgery due to expected @entity260 . Finally, in recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of @entity1 refusing surgery. For all these @entity1 , radiation therapy (RT) was traditionally considered as the standard treatment option. Data accumulated over the last 5 decades showed that RT alone can produce median survival times of up to > 30 months and 5-year survival of up to 30%. When @entity5 were taken into account, cause-specific survival rates were usually higher for some 10-15%. Accumulated experience seems to suggest that doses of at least 65 Gy with standard fractionation or its equivalent when altered fractionation is used are necessary for control of the disease. @entity5 seem to have favorable prognosis, while the issue of elective nodal RT continues to be controversial. Patterns of failure have clearly identified local failure as the predominant one. Although a number of potential pretreatment @entity1 - and @entity5 -related prognostic factors have been examined, none has been shown to clearly influenced survival. @entity137 was usually low.

title: Radiation therapy for early stage (I/II) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-unrelated deaths', 'Smaller tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['peri- and/or postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CHT', 'chemotherapy']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite advances in immunochemotherapy @entity1072 remains an incurable disease.. Allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has proven curative potential with ability to overcome adverse prognostic factors, however due to its @entity137 it is generally perceived as the last option. We performed retrospective study to explore the outcomes and possible determinants of survival in the unselected consecutive cohort of 68 @entity1072 @entity1 (median age 59 years) receiving reduced intensity HCT as a  part of salvage therapy in 2 Czech centers. The median interval from diagnosis to HCT was 69 months with median 3 of prior regimens, all @entity1 were refractory to @entity17262 analogues. 49% of @entity1 were transplanted with advanced (i.e. refractory or progressive disease or CR/PR>3), 38% had high risk cytogenetics. With median follow-up of 35 months the 3-year Kaplan-Meier survival probability for @entity3012 and PFS were 39% and 26%, respectively. Altogether 18 @entity1 (26%) have relapsed or progressed. During the follow-up 41 @entity1 died, 32 (78%) of transplant related factors (NRM), the others of relapse or disease progression.Univariate analysis failed to identify any clinical and pre- or post-transplant variables having clear prognostic significance for @entity3012 or PFS. The marginal @entity3012 advantage favoring HCT performed recently was detected (3-year @entity3012 : 31% for HCT until 2006 and 47% thereafter, p=0.0923). In multivariable hazards model only the female donors were associated with shorter @entity3012 (HR 2.278, p=0.016) whereas transplanted T-cell> 2.75x108/kg predicted inferior PFS(HR 1.957, p=0.035). No prognostic impact of donor type, age of donor and recipient, HLA mismatch, disease status pre-HCT, number of previous therapy lines, interval from dg. to HCT and number of transplanted hematopoietic cells was found. Our findings support the conclusion that alloHCT is able to overcome well known negative cytogenetic prognostic factors and that preferring male to female donors could be beneficial.

title: Prognostic factors to predict outcome of reduced intensity allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: Currently, the association between @entity6288 and long-term prognosis after @entity356 surgery has not been investigated. Moreover, the association between @entity6288 and @entity260 remains controversial. This large-scale retrospective study aims to ascertain the prevalence of @entity6288 and assess its impact on @entity260 and long-term survival in @entity1 undergoing radical gastrectomy for @entity356 .From December 2008 to April 2013, the clinical data of all @entity1 who underwent elective radical gastrectomy for @entity356 were collected prospectively. Only @entity1 with available preoperative abdominal CT scan within 30 days of surgery were considered for analysis. Skeletal muscle mass was determined by abdominal (computed tomography) CT scan, and @entity6288 was diagnosed by the cut-off values obtained by means of optimum stratification. Univariate and multivariate analyses evaluating risk factors of @entity260 and long-term survival were performed.A total of 937 @entity1 were included in this study, and 389 (41.5%) @entity1 were sarcopenic based on the diagnostic cut-off values (34.9cm/m for @entity1 and 40.8cm/m for @entity1 ). @entity6288 was an independent risk factor for severe @entity260 (OR=3.010, P<0.001), but not for total complications. However, @entity6288 did not show significant association with operative mortality. Moreover, @entity6288 was an independent predictor for poorer overall survival (HR=1.653, P<0.001) and disease-free survival (HR=1.620, P<0.001). Under the adjusted @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stage, @entity6288 remained an independent risk factor for overall survival and disease-free survival in @entity1 with @entity5 stage II and III, but not in @entity1 with @entity5 stage I. @entity6288 is an independent predictive factor of severe @entity260 after radical gastrectomy for @entity356 . Moreover, @entity6288 is independently associated with overall and disease-free survival in @entity1 with @entity5 stage II and III, but not in @entity1 with @entity5 stage I.

title: XXXX is an Independent Predictor of Severe @entity260 and Long-Term Survival After Radical Gastrectomy for @entity356 : Analysis from a Large-Scale Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-node-metastasis', 'TNM']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia', 'sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity6288 :: (MESH:D055948,Disease) :: ['Sarcopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1 endometrium is unique in its capacity to remodel constantly throughout adult reproductive life. Although the processes of tissue damage and breakdown in the endometrium have been well studied, little is known of how endometrial regeneration is achieved after menstruation. Nodal, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, regulates the processes of pattern formation and differentiation that occur during early embryo development. METHODS: In this study, the expression of Nodal, @entity31014 (co-receptor) and @entity28375 (antagonist) was examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry across the menstrual cycle and in @entity1204 . RESULTS: Nodal and @entity31014 were found to be expressed at high levels in both stromal and epithelial cells during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Although immunoreactivity for both proteins in surface and glandular epithelium was maintained at relatively steady-state levels across the cycle, their expression was significantly decreased within the stromal compartment by the mid-secretory phase. Lefty expression, as has previously been reported, was primarily restricted to glandular epithelium and surrounding stroma during the late secretory and menstrual phases. In line with recent studies that have shown that Nodal pathway activity is upregulated in many @entity1 @entity5 , we found that Nodal and @entity31014 immunoreactivity increased dramatically in the transition from histologic Grade 1 to histologic Grades 2 and 3 @entity1204 . Strikingly, Lefty expression was low or absent in all @entity5 tissues. CONCLUSION: The expression of Nodal in normal and malignant endometrial cells that lack Lefty strongly supports an important role for this embryonic morphogen in the tissue remodelling events that occur across the menstrual cycle and in tumourogenesis.

title: Expression of nodal signalling components in cycling @entity1 endometrium and in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Typhoid is a leading cause of fever in returning travelers. The prevalence is highest in migrants visiting friends and relatives (VFR travelers) in the Indian subcontinent, where reports of resistance have been of concern. This study is a retrospective analysis of @entity1 with @entity1682 , seen over a 5-year period, in a tertiary center that serves a large immigrant population. METHODS: @entity1 with blood cultures positive for @entity1680 were identified between 2006 and 2010. Charts were reviewed for demographic data, travel history, symptoms and signs, basic laboratory results, susceptibility profiles, treatment, and clinical course. Resistance to @entity802 was used as a marker of decreased susceptibility to @entity5176 . RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 were identified with @entity1680 . The median age was 12 years (range: 2-47 y) and 94% (16 of 17) were hospitalized with a median stay of 7 days; two were admitted to the intensive care unit. Fourteen @entity1 (82%) had a history of recent travel. Twelve were VFR travelers in Bangladesh and Pakistan and two had recently immigrated. In our study, @entity1682 @entity1 had low eosinophil counts and elevated transaminases. Seventy-six percent (12 of 17) of all isolates were resistant to @entity802 , 23.5% (4 of 17) were resistant to @entity869 and @entity799 , and one was resistant to @entity2177 . All isolates were susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins. CONCLUSIONS: Younger VFR travelers appear to be at greater risk of acquiring @entity281 and developing complications. Absolute eosinopenia and increased liver function test values could be useful early diagnostic clues in a returning traveler with fever, once @entity311 has been excluded. There was a high rate of decreased susceptibility to @entity2887 , confirming that the use of third-generation cephalosporins or @entity7187 in @entity1 from the Indian subcontinent is most appropriate. Prevention in VFR travelers to South Asia is critical and efforts should be targeted at better education and pre-travel immunization.

title: XXXX in an inner city hospital: a 5-year retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1680 :: ('90370', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella Typhi', 'S Typhi']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['co-trimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

answer: @entity1682 :: (MESH:D014435,Disease) :: ['Typhoid Fever']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity712 is the final clinical presentation of a variety of @entity65 , such as @entity453 , @entity101 , toxic, and inflammatory @entity299 . However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for the progressive deterioration of myocardial function observed in @entity712 remain unclear and may result from cell death (programmed or not) and from an increase in number of nuclei and in the degree of their ploidy. METHODS: We examined thirty-eight explanted hearts obtained during transplantation for DNA content in the myocytic population. All thirty-eight @entity1 had severe @entity712 : 23 had @entity1000 , and 15 had @entity296 . Ten hearts of @entity1 whose death was not due to primary @entity299 or as a consequence of major risk factors of @entity453 , including @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity28 , or severe @entity731 , were used as controls. DNA content in the myocytic population was evaluated using Image Cytometry. RESULTS: The DNA content per nucleus and per myocyte in @entity7863 hearts are characterized by: a) a decrease of the diploid DNA content of myocytic nuclei; b) an increase of DNA ploidies higher than 4c; c) a decrease in mononucleated myocytes; d) an increase in binucleated and multinucleated myocytes. The changes are more prominent in @entity384 . e) The total ploidy index, used to calculate the total DNA content, is related to heart weight and ventricular weight. CONCLUSIONS: @entity384 result in reduction of ventricular mass-to-chamber volume ratio and in discrete foci of myocyte cell death, leading to an elevation in systolic and diastolic stress on the remaining viable cells. Therefore mechanical stimuli generated by global and local loading abnormalities associated with end-stage failure may contribute to activate genes implicated in cell proliferation. Observations in this investigation are consistent with recent results documenting that in the presence of overload conditions the myocytes may retain their capacity to proliferate throughout life and this growth reserve mechanism may become operative in response to severe @entity296 and overt failure. Polyploidization and multinucleation are prominent phenomena in the end-stage of @entity384 in @entity1 .

title: DNA Content in End-Stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure', 'Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial dysfuntion']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy', 'Ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathies', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity7863 :: ('MESH:D044542', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathic']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: The teneral phenomenon, as observed in Glossina sp., refers to the increased susceptibility of the @entity238 to @entity281 when the first bloodmeal taken is trypanosome-infected. In recent years, the term teneral has gradually become synonymous with unfed, and thus fails to consider the age of the newly emerged @entity238 at the time the first bloodmeal is taken. Furthermore, conflicting evidence exists of the effect of the age of the teneral @entity238 post eclosion when it is given the infected first bloodmeal in determining the infection prevalence. This study demonstrates that it is not the feeding history of the @entity238 but rather the age (hours after eclosion of the @entity238 from the puparium) of the @entity238 when it takes the first (infective) bloodmeal that determines the level of @entity238 susceptibility to @entity281 . We examine this phenomenon in male and female flies from two distinct tsetse clades (Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina palpalis palpalis) infected with two salivarian trypanosome species, @entity3177 brucei and @entity3177 (Nannomonas) congolense using Fisher's exact test to examine differences in infection rates. Teneral tsetse aged less than 24 hours post-eclosion (h.p.e.) are twice as susceptible to @entity281 as flies aged 48 h.p.e. This trend is conserved across sex, vector clade and parasite species. The life cycle stage of the parasite fed to the @entity238 ( @entity1 versus insect form trypanosomes) does not alter this age-related bias in infection. Reducing the numbers of parasites fed to 48 h.p.e., but not to 24 h.p.e. flies, increases teneral refractoriness. The importance of this phenomenon in disease biology in the field as well as the necessity of employing flies of consistent age in laboratory-based infection studies is discussed.

title: Post eclosion age predicts the prevalence of XXXX in Glossina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['trypanosome infection']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei', 'Trypanosoma']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['midgut trypanosome infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiology of @entity11942 is not exactly known. The disease is sometimes preceded by @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). There are intravascular @entity715 , vasoconstriction, inflammatory and remodeling processes involved in pulmonary arteries. @entity120 develops and leads to potentially fatal chronic right heart ventricle failure. @entity4461 are not fully discovered. It is not known, whether @entity3459 pathway disorders play role in the etiology of @entity11942 . AIM: Our objective was to determine the role of @entity16963 ( @entity16963 ) and @entity11524 ( @entity11524 ) in the etiology of @entity11942 . METHODS: Plasma concentrations of @entity16963 and @entity11524 were measured and compared in 21 @entity11942 @entity1 , in 12 @entity1 suffering from @entity120 ( @entity120 ), in 55 @entity1151 survivors, who have not developed @entity120 after at least six months from the acute episode, and in 53 healthy volunteers (control group C). Most of the @entity1 had @entity2067 antagonists (VKA) administered and some of the @entity1 had unfractionated or low molecular weight heparin administered. Exclusion criteria were: malignancy, @entity32 and recent operation. RESULTS: In @entity11942 and "after @entity1151 " @entity1 , not divided according to anticoagulation, @entity16963 concentration was similarly lower than in group C (p=0,042; p=0,011) and also lower than in @entity120 group (p=0,024, p=0,014). Efficiently VKA-anticoagulated @entity11942 and "after @entity1151 " @entity1 had @entity16963 concentration comparable to group C. In @entity11942 , "after @entity1151 " and @entity120 @entity1 , not divided according to anticoagulation, @entity11524 concentration was similar and significantly higher than in group C (p=0,012; p=0,024; p=0,004). Efficiently VKA-anticoagulated @entity11942 and "after @entity1151 " @entity1 had @entity11524 concentration comparable to group C. @entity11524 concentration in efficiently anticoagulated "after @entity1151 " @entity1 was not significantly lower than in not anticoagulated "after @entity1151 " @entity1 . Group C was significantly (p=0,000) younger than any other group. There was found a correlation (r=0,31) between age and @entity11524 concentration in this group. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity11942 there is a high expenditure of @entity16963 , leading to reduction of its plasma concentration and increase of @entity11524 plasma concentration. Efficient VKA-anticoagulation normalizes @entity16963 and @entity11524 plasma concentrations. The situation is similar in @entity1151 survivors.

title: [Plasma concentrations of @entity16963 and its inhibitor in chronic XXXX : a step to learn more about etiology of the disease?]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'chronic pulmonary hypertension', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension', 'Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['APE', 'acute pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['extrinsic coagulation']

entities_list: @entity11524 :: ('7035', 'Gene') :: ['TFPI', 'tissue factor pathway inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['Hemostatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which ventricular function is altered during cardiac transplant rejection are not well understood. Therefore, an in vitro model system has been developed to facilitate investigation of lymphocyte-mediated @entity130 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Splenic lymphoid cells were obtained from @entity19 8-10 days after placement of a vascularized abdominal cardiac allograft and were restimulated in vitro with irradiated donor-type splenocytes for 5 days. Cytotoxic effects of these allogenically stimulated lymphocytes on syngeneic and donor strain fetal cultured myocytes were determined by a 51Cr release assay at different lymphocyte to myocyte ratios. 51Cr release from donor strain myocytes was detectable within 1 hour of exposure, was maximal by 3-5 hours of coincubation with sensitized lymphocytes, and was allospecific. Cell injury manifest by 51Cr release was @entity460 dependent and was inhibited by pretreatment of lymphocytes with @entity4621 to deplete protein kinase C. @entity130 was also prevented by pretreatment of sensitized lymphocytes with anti-Thy 1.2 or anti- @entity405 antibody plus complement but not by treatment with anti- @entity404 antibody, indicating that @entity405 + cytotoxic T cells are involved. Altered myocyte contractile motion preceded myocyte lysis (51Cr release), was characterized by an initial reversible decrease in amplitude of contraction, and was followed by rapid and irregular beating with eventual complete cessation of contraction. Contractile alterations induced by sensitized lymphocytes were inhibited by elimination of @entity405 + cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 can be produced by sensitized cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro and is @entity460 and protein kinase C dependent. The @entity854 produced appear to be similar to those observed in cardiac transplant @entity1 undergoing rejection, and thus this model system promises to allow investigation of the mechanisms involved.

title: XXXX and contraction abnormalities produced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['contractile abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Myocyte injury', 'myocyte injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Myocyte injury']


abstract: Drug-eluting stents (DESs) deliver biphasic (early and late) elution of anti-inflammatory compounds. We therefore hypothesized that DESs would be associated with early reductions in inflammatory biomarker release after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 741 @entity1 with non-ST-elevation @entity1187 underwent PCI in the Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Relative PROTECTion against Post-PCI Microvascular Dysfunction and Post-PCI @entity63 among Anti-Platelet and Anti- @entity715 Agents (PROTECT) Thrombolysis In @entity583 30 study of eptifibatide and reduced-dose antithrombin compared with bivalirudin. Serial biomarkers @entity1851 , troponin, @entity908 kinase-MB, soluble @entity11603 , @entity650 , prothrombin fragment @entity6343 , and @entity5737 (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) were assessed through 24 hours after PCI. DES use was at the investigator's discretion. @entity1 treated with DESs (n = 665) versus bare metal stents (n = 139) were more likely to have patent arteries before PCI (92.0% vs 86.6%, p = 0.04), Thrombolysis In @entity583 myocardial perfusion grade 3 (57.9% vs 47.7%, p = 0.033), and the left anterior descending artery as the culprit artery (38.5% vs 18.3%, p <0.001). The increase in @entity1851 and troponin was lower among @entity1 undergoing DES implantation (median 2.1 vs 3.5 mg/L for @entity1851 , median 0.11 vs 0.41 ng/ml for troponin), even after adjustment for randomized treatment, @entity1397 before treatment, @entity6 status, epicardial patency, left anterior descending artery location, and myocardial perfusion (p = 0.036 and p = 0.039, respectively). @entity650 was lower with DESs on univariate analysis but not multivariate analysis. @entity908 kinase-MB, soluble sCD40 ligand, prothrombin fragment @entity6343 , and @entity5737 did not differ by @entity4743 use. In conclusion, @entity1 undergoing DES implantation achieved more reductions in periprocedural markers of @entity32 and @entity39 than @entity1 receiving bare metal stents among those with non-ST-elevation @entity1187 .

title: Comparison of effects of bare metal versus drug-eluting stent implantation on biomarker levels following percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST-elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-6', 'interleukin-6']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine', 'Creatine']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the usefulness of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in @entity1 with acute @entity662 . BACKGROUND: Triage of @entity662 @entity1 in the emergency department remains challenging. METHODS: We used an observational cohort study in @entity662 @entity1 with normal initial troponin and nonischemic electrocardiogram. A 64-slice coronary CTA was performed before admission to detect coronary @entity850 (>50% luminal narrowing). Results were not disclosed. End points were @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) during index hospitalization and major adverse @entity299 during 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: Among 368 @entity1 (mean age 53 +/- 12 years, 61% @entity1 ), 31 had @entity1187 (8%). By coronary CTA, 50% of these @entity1 were free of @entity453 ( @entity453 ), 31% had nonobstructive disease, and 19% had inconclusive or positive computed tomography for significant @entity850 . Sensitivity and negative predictive value for @entity1187 were 100% (n = 183 of 368; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 98% to 100%) and 100% (95% CI: 89% to 100%), respectively, with the absence of @entity453 and 77% (95% CI: 59% to 90%) and 98% (n = 300 of 368, 95% CI: 95% to 99%), respectively, with significant @entity850 by coronary CTA. Specificity of presence of @entity850 for @entity1187 were 54% (95% CI: 49% to 60%) and 87% (95% CI: 83% to 90%), respectively. Only 1 @entity1187 occurred in the absence of calcified plaque. Both the extent of coronary plaque and presence of @entity850 predicted @entity1187 independently and incrementally to Thrombolysis In @entity583 risk score (area under curve: 0.88, 0.82, vs. 0.63, respectively; all p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Fifty percent of @entity1 with acute @entity662 and low to intermediate likelihood of @entity1187 were free of @entity453 by computed tomography and had no @entity1187 . Given the large number of such @entity1 , early coronary CTA may significantly improve @entity1 management in the emergency department.

title: Coronary computed tomography angiography for early triage of XXXX with acute @entity662 : the ROMICAT (Rule Out @entity583 using Computer Assisted Tomography) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis', 'plaque and stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The best choice of chemotherapy regimen for @entity1 with advanced @entity356 (AGC) is still a matter of controversy and requires further investigation. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy of @entity1487 1000 mg/m, @entity900 50 mg/m, and @entity1138 10 mg/m (FCM) repeated every 6 weeks, as first-line treatment for AGC. Forty-seven (95.9%) of the 49 @entity1 were assessable for response. Four cases of complete response and 28 cases of partial response were confirmed, giving an overall response rate of 65.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 52.0-78.6%]. The median time to progression and overall survival for all @entity1 was 8.3 months (95% CI: 6.8-9.8 months) and 14.5 months (95% CI: 12.0-17.0 months). The estimate of overall survival at 12 and 24 months was 55.1% (95% CI: 41.2-69.0%) and 18.4% (95% CI: 7.5-29.2%), respectively. Most @entity1 experienced @entity1398 during their course of therapy with 21.3% of @entity1 (n = 10) for grade 3/4 @entity1398 . Grade 3 @entity3136 , lethargy, and @entity31339 were observed in two (4.3%), eight (17.0%), and one (2.1%) @entity1 , respectively. Yet, no grade 4 nonhematological @entity137 was observed. Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy of @entity1487 1000 mg/m, @entity900 50 mg/m, and @entity1138 10 mg/m is a tolerated treatment modality with promising activity in @entity1 with previously untreated AGC.

title: A phase II study of intra-arterial chemotherapy of @entity1487 , @entity900 , and @entity1138 for advanced nonresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity31339 :: ('MESH:C565041', 'Disease') :: ['palmar-plantar erythema']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The outcome of stimulation of labour in 219 primiparous @entity1 with more than 6 hours following a premature rupture of the membranes, and with an ripe cervix, without the established labour, was analysed according to the mode of treatment. One hundred and thirty eight (138) @entity1 received @entity1421 peroral tablets, 14 intracervical @entity1421 gel, and 67 @entity398 intravenously. There were 73.2% vaginal deliveries in the group that received @entity1421 per os, 77.5% in the group that received @entity398 , and 92.9% in the group that was given intracervical gel. The differences were significant. The cervix remained unripe in 9.4% @entity1 that received @entity1421 perorally, in 14.9% of those that received @entity398 , while in the gel group it became favourable in all parturients. Uterine polisistoly was encountered in 10.9% labours after peroral stimulation, in 7.1% in the gel group and in 1.5% in the @entity398 group, and perinatal @entity1763 in 16.7%, 7.1% and 13.4%, respectively. When too frequent, especially if combined with @entity398 and given to @entity1 with a moderately favourable cervix, peroral stimulation predisposes to uterine polisitoly. Intracervical application of @entity1421 gel is the method of choice in primigravid @entity1 with a premature rupture of the membranes and the unripe cervix (Bishop score O). In gravidas with a more favourable cervix (Bishop score 4-6) the administration of @entity398 is acceptable with less complications. In those with a moderately favourable cervix (Bishop score 1-4) the gel application proved to be preferable, although stimulation could be carried out as well.

title: [Peroral and intracervical administration of XXXX for stimulation of term labor in premature rupture of fetal membranes].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of and independent factors associated with joint involvement in a large population of @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ). METHODS: This study was cross-sectional, based on data collected on @entity1 included in the European League Against @entity627 (EULAR) Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) registry. We queried this database to extract data regarding global evaluation of @entity1 with @entity785 and the presence of any clinical articular involvement: @entity603 (tender and swollen joints), @entity924 (rubbing sensation detected as the tendon was moved), and @entity1159 (stiffness of the joints that decreased their range of motion). Overall joint involvement was defined by the occurrence of @entity603 and/or joint @entity1159 . RESULTS: We recruited 7286 @entity1 with @entity785 ; their mean age was 56 +/- 14 years, disease duration 10 +/- 9 years, and 4210 (58%) had a limited cutaneous disease subset. Frequencies of @entity603 , @entity1159 were 16%, 11%, and 31%, respectively. @entity603 , @entity1159 were more prevalent in @entity1 with the diffuse cutaneous subset and were associated together and with severe vascular, muscular, renal, and interstitial lung involvement. Moreover, @entity603 had the highest strength of association with elevated acute-phase reactants taken as the dependent variable. CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the striking level of articular involvement in @entity785 , as evaluated by systematic examination in a large cohort of @entity1 with @entity785 . Our data also show that @entity603 , @entity1159 , and @entity924 are associated with a more severe disease and with @entity32 .

title: Characteristics of joint involvement and relationships with @entity32 in XXXX : results from the EULAR Scleroderma Trial and Research Group (EUSTAR) database.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon friction rubs']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis', 'Synovitis']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['tendon friction rubs, and joint contractures', 'contracture and/or tendon friction rubs', 'tendon friction rubs, and joint contracture', 'joint contracture']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: Insulin action is initiated by binding to its cognate receptor, which then triggers multiple cellular responses by activating different signaling pathways. There is evidence that @entity8683 signaling may involve G protein activation in different target cells. We have studied the activation of G proteins in @entity35 @entity157 (HTC) cells. We found that insulin stimulated binding of @entity2164 ( @entity3007 -gamma-35S) to plasma membrane proteins of HTC cells, in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was completely blocked by pertussis toxin treatment of the membranes, suggesting the involvement of G proteins of the G alpha i/G alpha o family. The expression of these G alpha proteins was checked by Western blotting. Next, we used blocking antibodies to sort out the specific G alpha protein activated by insulin stimulation. Anti-G alpha il,2 antibodies completely prevented insulin-stimulated @entity3007 binding, whereas anti-G alpha o,i3 did not modify this effect of insulin on @entity3007 binding. Moreover, we found physical association of the @entity8683 with G alpha il,2 by copurification studies. These results further support the involvement of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein in @entity8683 signaling and provides some evidence of specific association and activation of G alpha il,2 protein by insulin. These findings suggest that G alpha il,2 proteins might be involved in insulin action.

title: Insulin activates G alpha il,2 protein in XXXX @entity157 (HTC) cell membranes.

entities_list: @entity2164 :: ('MESH:D016244', 'Chemical') :: ["guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)"]

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity29916 (biliary glycoprotein-1, CD66a) was reported as a strong clinical predictor of poor prognosis in @entity320 . We have previously identified @entity29916 as a @entity5 escape mechanism from cytotoxic lymphocytes. Here, we present substantial evidence in vitro and in vivo that blocking of @entity29916 function with a novel monoclonal antibody ( @entity29917 ) is a promising strategy for @entity5 immunotherapy. @entity29917 , a murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody, was raised against @entity1 @entity29916 . It recognizes the @entity29916 -specific N-domain with high affinity (K(D) ~ 2 nmol/L). Furthermore, @entity29917 is a potent inhibitor of @entity29916 homophilic binding and does not induce any agonistic effect. We show using @entity137 assays that @entity29917 renders multiple @entity320 cell lines more vulnerable to T cells in a dose-dependent manner, only following antigen-restricted recognition. Accordingly, @entity29917 significantly enhances the antitumor effect of adoptively transferred, @entity320 -reactive @entity1 lymphocytes using @entity1 @entity320 xenograft models in severe combined immunodeficient/nonobese @entity6 ( @entity915 /NOD) @entity19 . A significant antibody-dependent cell @entity137 response was excluded. It is shown that @entity29917 reaches the @entity5 and is cleared within a week. Importantly, approximately 90% of @entity320 specimens are @entity29916 (+), implying that the majority of @entity1 with @entity320 could be amenable to @entity29917 -based therapy. Normal @entity1 tissue microarray displays limited binding to luminal epithelial cells on some secretory ducts, which was weaker than the broad normal cell binding of other anticancer antibodies in clinical use. Importantly, @entity29917 does not directly affect @entity29916 (+) cells. @entity29916 blockade is different from other immunomodulatory approaches, as @entity29917 targets inhibitory interactions between @entity5 cells and late effector lymphocytes, which is thus a more specific and compartmentalized immune stimulation with potentially superior safety profile.

title: Novel immunotherapy for XXXX with a monoclonal antibody that blocks @entity29916 homophilic interactions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: @entity2 rate in Hungary is one of the highest in the world among @entity1 and also very high among @entity1 , for reasons not clearly understood yet. The aim of the study was to explore characteristics of DNA damage and @entity876 gene mutations in @entity2 from Hungary. Tissue samples from 104 lung resections for @entity2 @entity1 , both @entity1 and @entity1 , operated on for @entity1149 , specifically, primary @entity957 or @entity420 were studied. Of the cases, 37% smoked up to the surgery, 24% stopped smoking within 1 year before the surgery, 26% stopped smoking more than a year before the surgery and 13% never smoked. @entity876 mutations were detected by denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis, automated capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing. Bulky DNA adduct levels were determined by @entity7263 -post-labelling in non-tumorous lung tissue. In total, 45% (47/104) of the cases carried @entity876 mutation. The prevalence of @entity876 mutations was statistically significantly associated with duration of smoking, @entity5 histology and gender. Smokers had approximately twice as high bulky adduct level as the combined group of former- and never-smokers (10.9 +/- 6.5 versus 5.5 +/- 3.4 adducts/10(8) @entity2036 ). The common base change @entity13285 transversion (8/43; 19%) was detected exclusively in smokers. For the first time, we demonstrate that most carriers of @entity13285 transversions had also a high level of bulky DNA adducts in their non-tumourous lung tissue. Our study provides evidence for a high burden of molecular alterations occurring concurrently in the lung of @entity2 @entity1 .

title: Relationship between XXXX @entity5 suppressor gene mutations and smoking-related bulky DNA adducts in a @entity2 study population from Hungary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['TP53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed-release @entity15626 ( @entity9104 ), indicated for the treatment of @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 ( @entity15 ), is a disease-modifying therapy with potential immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. In clinical trials, @entity9104 was associated with reduced white blood cell and absolute lymphocyte counts. Current US prescribing information recommends obtaining a complete blood count, including absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), before initiating and during @entity9104 treatment. METHODS: We conducted an integrated analysis of phase 2b/3/long-term extension studies of @entity9104 in @entity15 (N = 2,470) to characterize ALC profiles. RESULTS: Mean ALCs decreased by 30% during the first year and then plateaued, remaining above the lower limit of normal (LLN). Among @entity1 treated >= 6 months (N = 2,099), 2.2% experienced ALCs <500 mm(3) persisting >= 6 months. ALCs remained >= LLN in 84% and 76% of @entity1 during the first 6 and 12 months, respectively; of these, 0.1% and 0%, respectively, developed ALCs <500 mm(3) persisting >= 6 months at any time. Evidence of ALC improvement following @entity9104 discontinuation was observed. @entity9104 efficacy was not substantially different in @entity1 with and without @entity2905 . CONCLUSION: Lymphocyte monitoring provides effective means for early identification of @entity1 at risk for developing severe, prolonged @entity2905 .

title: Characterizing absolute lymphocyte count profiles in XXXX -treated @entity1 with @entity15 : @entity1 management considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity15626 :: ('MESH:C056020', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl fumarate']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15626 :: (MESH:C056020,Chemical) :: ['dimethyl fumarate']


abstract: @entity3790 inhibitor is a member of the serpin family that inhibits a variety of @entity563 proteases. @entity10854 is present in numerous body fluids and is produced in the liver and by various epithelial cells. To determine if this epithelial serpin is present in skin, immunohistochemical studies were performed that showed strong staining for @entity10854 antigen in the epidermis. @entity10854 mRNA was detected in the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and the @entity957 cell line A431 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction suggesting that also in normal skin @entity10854 is derived from keratinocytes. Conditioned media from these cell lines were analyzed on immunoblots, which revealed a @entity10854 -antigen band that comigrated with @entity10854 derived from the @entity157 cell line HepG2. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for total @entity10854 antigen the accumulation of @entity10854 in the cell culture supernatants of HaCaT keratinocytes was found to be 0.3 ng per h per 1 million cells. This is similar to the amount of @entity2289 produced by these cells, which also produce tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed similar expression of intracellular @entity10854 antigen in proliferating and confluent HaCaT cells. These findings demonstrate that @entity10854 antigen is present in the normal epidermis and that @entity10854 is constitutively expressed by keratinocytes in culture. Therefore, @entity10854 may provide protease inhibitory activity not only to internal, but also to the external surface of the body. Additionally, @entity10854 could contribute to the regulation of @entity554 supply in the epidermis, as we have shown recently that @entity1968 binds specifically to @entity10854 .

title: XXXX inhibitor is expressed in keratinocytes of human skin.

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity10854 :: ('5104', 'Gene') :: ['protein C inhibitor', 'Protein C inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity3790 :: (5624,Gene) :: ['Protein C']


abstract: @entity64 lesions induce not only loss of local neural function, but disruptions in spatially distributed areas. However, it is unknown whether they affect the synchrony of electrical oscillations in neural networks and if changes in network coherence are associated with @entity51 . This study assessed these questions in a population of @entity1 with subacute, unilateral, @entity385 . @entity5325 were reconstructed from high-resolution electroencephalograms (EEG) with adaptive spatial filters. Maps of functional connectivity (FC) between brain areas were created and correlated with @entity1 performance in motor and cognitive scores. In comparison to age matched healthy controls, @entity64 @entity1 showed a selective disruption of FC in the alpha frequency range. The spatial distribution of alpha band FC reflected the pattern of motor and @entity73 of the individual @entity1 : network nodes that participate normally in the affected functions showed local decreases in FC with the rest of the brain. Interregional FC in the alpha band, but not in delta, theta, or beta frequencies, was highly correlated with motor and cognitive performance. In contrast, FC between contralesional areas and the rest of the brain was negatively associated with @entity1 performance. Alpha oscillation synchrony at rest is a unique and specific marker of network function and linearly associated with behavioral performance. Maps of alpha synchrony computed from a single resting-state EEG recording provide a robust and convenient window into the functionality and organization of cortical networks with numerous potential applications.

title: The behavioral significance of coherent resting-state oscillations after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity5325 :: ('MESH:D019585', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous cortical oscillations']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Given that opioid misuse/abuse and @entity1445 have reached epidemic proportions in the U.S., expansion of @entity1510 access programs are desperately needed. The objective of this study was to describe emerging trends in @entity1510 Rescue Kit (NRK) prescription patterns by pharmacists in New Mexico as an example of a unique healthcare delivery system. METHODS: The study presents cross-sectional analysis of the data on NRK prescriptions by pharmacists who received @entity1510 Pharmacist Prescriptive Authority Certification since 2013. Data were obtained from the Prevention of Opioid @entity1445 by NM Pharmacists (POINt-Rx) Registry, maintained by the University of New Mexico and the New Mexico Pharmacists Association. RESULTS: Since 2013, 133 NRKs prescribed by pharmacists have been reported to the POINt-Rx Registry. The mean age of the @entity1 was 41.5  12.0  years (range: 19-67  years) and there were 60.2% female @entity1 . Only 11.3% of the prescriptions were from pharmacists practicing in rural/mixed urban-rural areas. The majority of NRKs (89.5%) were first-time prescriptions. The most common reason for a NRK prescription was @entity1 request (56.4%), followed by a pharmacist's prescription of NRK due to high-dose of prescription opioids (28.6%) and history of opioid misuse/abuse (15.0%). In addition to opioids, other frequently reported substances included @entity285 (9.2%) and @entity1245 (10.8%). More than a third of @entity1 (38.5%) reported polysubstance use in the previous 72  hours. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity1 at-risk of @entity1445 might feel comfortable soliciting NRKs from a pharmacist. Participation of pharmacists in rural areas in the @entity1510 prescriptive authority highlight the opportunity for this novel healthcare delivery model in underserved areas; however, the program is clearly underutilized in these areas. Such a model can provide expanded @entity1 access in community practices, while systematic efforts for uptake of the program by policy makers, communities, and pharmacists continue to be needed nationwide.

title: Opioid XXXX Prevention Through Pharmacy-based @entity1510 Prescription Program: Innovations in Healthcare Delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['Overdose', 'opioid overdose']

answer: @entity1445 :: (MESH:D062787,Disease) :: ['Overdose']


abstract: Regression of Barrett's epithelium after antireflux operations remains a controversial topic. We evaluated the effect of antireflux procedures in @entity1 with @entity355 on the regression of columnar epithelium and @entity1141 and its potential protective effect on the subsequent development of @entity189 . Of the 241 @entity1 with @entity355 treated at the Lahey Clinic from 1973 to 1989, 37 @entity1 underwent an antireflux operation. Regression was defined as histological evidence of regenerating squamous mucosa that completely or partially replaced the columnar epithelium. Improvement in lower esophageal sphincter pressure to 12 mm Hg or greater occurred in 19 of 26 @entity1 (73%) who had perioperative manometry. Symptomatic relief of @entity2910 occurred in 34 of 37 @entity1 (92%). Four @entity1 had partial regression with regenerating squamous mucosa juxtaposed with areas of columnar epithelium. @entity189 developed in 3 of 37 @entity1 (8.1%). One @entity1 had recurrence of severe symptoms of @entity354 before development of @entity189 . @entity1 with @entity355 who have undergone a successful antireflux operation with symptomatic relief and evidence of improvement in lower esophageal sphincter pressures rarely show regression of @entity355 and may still be at risk for development of @entity189 . Therefore, the indications for antireflux operation in @entity355 should remain the same as for other @entity1 with @entity354 , but yearly endoscopic and histological surveillance should be continued postoperatively.

title: Effect of antireflux operation on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's mucosa", "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's mucosa']


abstract: @entity6453 (PQ) is a free radical-inducing agent commonly used as an herbicide. This study assesses the acute immunotoxicity of PQ in BALB/c @entity19 and examines its effect on cytokine gene expression profile. It was found that single subtoxic oral doses of 2, 4, and 20 mg/kg significantly inhibited the in vitro mitogen-induced proliferation in both T and B cells. Also, such acute doses have resulted in significant reduction of the IgM plaque-forming cells counts. The impact of PQ on the cytokine gene expression of in vitro PHA-activated splenocytes was assessed at 2.0 and 0.006  g/mL. The concentrations used in vitro represent the lowest in vivo dose given in this study and FAO-WHO set PQ acceptable daily intake (ADI) dose, respectively. Interestingly, the RT  -PCR array for common cytokines' expression demonstrated that PQ had markedly elevated the mRNA expression of several proinflammatory cytokines at both concentrations. More importantly, at concentrations equivalent to ADI, PQ had caused a marked up-regulation of IL-17 cytokine family including @entity3020 , C, E, and F. Also, PQ has up-regulated mRNA expression of the T(H)-17-promoting cytokines @entity34559 . Together, these results show that PQ at higher concentrations can deplete immune functions, but at lower concentrations, it has potential to alter immune responses toward the proinflammatory profiles as that of T(H)-17. Such a T cell helper profile has been implicated in the development and the pathophysiology of several autoimmune and @entity56 . Thus, considering that maximum residue levels (MRLs) of PQ set by FAO and WHO for certain food and animal feed crops range between 0.005 and 10.0 mg/kg, our findings stress the importance of applying strict regulation on the use of PQ as an herbicide.

title: Immunotoxicity induced by acute subtoxic doses of XXXX herbicide: implication of shifting cytokine gene expression toward T-helper (T(H))-17 phenotype.

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraquat']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity6453 :: (MESH:D010269,Chemical) :: ['paraquat']