abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity12287 ( @entity12287 ) is characterized by the association of a @entity12288 with @entity64 . Clinicoradiological features of its neurological manifestations, its prognosis, and the frequency of associated @entity299 remain poorly known, particularly in the absence of @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). The objectives were to assess the clinicoradiological pattern of @entity12287 without @entity1701 (SSAPL- ) and its midterm prognosis. METHODS: Clinical data, transthoracic echocardiograms, and brain imaging of 53 consecutive @entity1 (83% @entity1 ) with SSAPL- , followed up at our institution between 1991 and 2011, were reviewed. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity64 were reported; 76% were @entity385 ( @entity385 ), 15% transient @entity63 attacks, and 9% @entity64 . @entity340 were found in 50% of the cases. Brain imaging showed 177 @entity385 of 3 different types: large territorial (43%), small distal corticosubcortical (14%), and small deep (23%) @entity385 . No significant association was found between the valve involvement and the presence of territorial @entity385 . After a mean follow-up of 7.4 years, 82% of @entity1 had a modified Rankin Scale score    <=   2. The @entity63 event recurrence rate was 20%, with a similar annual rate in the antiplatelet group (3%) compared to the anticoagulation group (2.7%). INTERPRETATION: SSAPL- is not only a @entity4848 , but is frequently associated with heart valve involvement. The latter does not influence the @entity385 type, which suggests that @entity64 are caused by vasculopathy of the small and medium-size cerebral arteries. Our results show no progression toward a serious disability in the majority of the cases and a moderate recurrence rate under antiplatelet therapy. Ann Neurol 2015.

title: @entity64 in XXXX without @entity1701 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['Heart valve lesions']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'hemorrhagic strokes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APL', 'antiphospholipid antibodies']

entities_list: @entity12287 :: ('MESH:D018860', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'Sneddon syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4848 :: ('MESH:D020752', 'Disease') :: ['neurocutaneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valvulopathy']

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['livedo reticularis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity12287 :: (MESH:D018860,Disease) :: ['Sneddon syndrome']


abstract: Early diagnosis avoiding unnecessary treatment of @entity2348 remains one of the greatest challenges for obstetricians and pediatricians. To meet these objectives, many inflammatory mediators were used, including @entity1904 (PCT). The aim of our study was to determine the usefulness of PCT in early diagnosis and management of @entity281 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Over a period of 8 months, all living newborns with highly suspected @entity2348 who were to receive antibiotic treatment according to our neonatal unit protocol were included in this prospective study. Serum PCT concentrations were determined at birth and after 12h of life using a specific immunoluminometric assay. Two distinct populations were defined based on clinical, biological, and bacteriological criteria: group 1: infected neonates, and group 2: noninfected neonates. STATISTICAL METHODS: We compared PCT means in different groups and determined the cut-off value correlated with @entity2348 by analyzing the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC). RESULTS: A total of 130 neonates were included in the study: 38 (29%) were classified in group 1 with 29 possible @entity281 and 9 defined @entity281 , including 5 cases of @entity295 . The average PCT at birth in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 2 (3.52    8.19 ng/ml vs 0.43    0.73 ng/ml; P<0.001). The PCT threshold value at birth found by the ROC curve with the highest sensitivity (71.1%) and highest specificity (62%) was 0.215 ng/ml. The negative predictive value (NPV) was 83.8%, making it possible to avoid unnecessary treatment in the majority of the cases. The PCT threshold value within 12h of birth was 3.78 ng/ml, for a sensitivity of 89.5% and 1 NPV of 94.4%. CONCLUSION: PCT is a valuable biological examination because it can be administered early, it is sensitive, and it has a NPV. These characteristics make PCT a biological argument that can be used in the initial decision on whether to administer antibiotics. Another study will be conducted to establish the cut-off value.

title: [Usefulness of serum XXXX in the early diagnosis of @entity2348 . A prospective study].

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['maternal-fetal bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['procalcitonin']


abstract: Mature resting @entity19 spleen B cells progress stochastically into apoptosis at a uniform rate over the first 16 h in vitro in 3 stages. In stage 1, early apoptotic B cells decreased the normal phospholipid packing of their plasma membranes, detected as increased binding of the lipophilic dye @entity28859 540, and also decreased in volume, detected as decreased forward scatter. In stage 2 there was abrupt internucleosomal cleavage of DNA, quantitated as hypodiploid nuclei by flow cytometry. Some stage 2 cells entered stage 3, where the plasma membrane became permeable to @entity2667 . B cells in later stages of this sequence retained the characteristics of earlier stages, whereas nonapoptotic B cells remained in their original state. @entity1880 increased the progression of B cells through these three stages, whereas @entity13237 inhibited stage 1 more effectively than stages 2 or 3. Increased orthogonal scatter also occurred late in some of the cells that had passed through stage 1, but did not correlate well with @entity2667 permeability. Fresh small dense spleen B cells contained 5% to 7% stage 1 cells but only about 1% stage 2 cells. Macrophages have been reported to destroy preferentially apoptotic thymocytes by recognizing plasma membrane alterations deriving from loose packing of phospholipid head groups. The recognition of stage 1 rather than stage 2 B cells by macrophages may help to keep the proportion of apoptotic cells low in vivo.

title: Decreased membrane phospholipid packing and decreased cell size precede DNA cleavage in mature XXXX B cell apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity13237 :: ('MESH:D016264', 'Chemical') :: ['dextran sulfate']

entities_list: @entity28859 :: ('MESH:C548873', 'Chemical') :: ['merocyanine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1254 @entity32 and increases @entity688 mRNA expression in @entity1 macrophages. Thus, we investigated the possible relationship between plasma @entity1254 and @entity688 levels and the effects of a diet-induced moderate @entity353 on both cytokines. @entity1 AND STUDY DESIGN: Plasma @entity1254 and @entity688 levels were analyzed in 64 android [body mass index (BMI), > 28 kg/m2; waist to hip ratio (WHR), > or = 0.86] and 20 gynoid [BMI, > 28 kg/m2; WHR, < 0.86] @entity28 healthy @entity1 . @entity28 @entity1 (49 +/- 14 yr) had a mean BMI of 37.1 +/- 5.3 kg/m2, similar to that of @entity28 @entity1 (49 +/- 11 yr; BMI, 33.4 +/- 2.6 kg/m2). Twenty nonobese control @entity1 (46 +/- 11 yr; BMI, 25.2 +/- 2.2 kg/m2) were also studied. In 15 @entity28 @entity1 , measurements were repeated after a 12-wk diet period (1200 kcal/d). RESULTS: Median @entity1254 [5.2 (range, 3.3-7.8) vs. 12.1 (9.7-13.9) vs. 15.0 (12.6-18.2) microg/ml; P < 0.0001] and @entity688 [1.8 (1.2-3.3) vs. 3.5 (2.9-4.3) and vs. 4.1 (3.5-4.8) pg/ml; P < 0.0001] levels were lower in android vs. gynoid vs. nonobese @entity1 . Among @entity28 @entity1 , low @entity1254 levels were independently related (P < 0.0001) to decreased @entity688 levels, independently of BMI, WHR, or insulin resistance. No significant change in either median @entity1254 or @entity688 levels was observed after body weight reduction (8 +/- 4 kg; P < 0.01), although percent changes in @entity1254 paralleled those in @entity688 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity28 is associated with a concomitant reduction of @entity688 and @entity1254 levels. However, the antiinflammatory status of @entity28 might require prolonged periods of energy-restricted diets to revert to normal.

title: Association between circulating @entity1254 and @entity688 levels in XXXX : effects of @entity353 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inhibits vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Android obesity', 'Android obese', 'android obese', 'gynoid obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['android obesity']


abstract: @entity1 homologues of genes that control oogenesis in other organisms may play similar roles in @entity1 ovarian development. In @entity238 , @entity60654 ( @entity60654 ) protein physically interacts with and is necessary for the proper posterior localization of @entity29307 protein, and thus is required for specification of germ cells. We identified two @entity19 genes, @entity60655 and @entity60656 (SPRY domain @entity14379 box protein), whose protein products share 75% identity and are each approximately 70% identical to @entity238 @entity60654 . Both @entity60655 and @entity60656 mRNA were detectable in @entity19 ovaries by Northern blotting of total and poly(A) + RNA, but were expressed in few other tissues. @entity60655 was detectable in testes, although the 3'-untranslated region of the mRNA was considerably shorter than the ovarian mRNA. In situ hybridization and RT-PCR analysis of ovaries revealed that both genes were expressed in granulosa cells at all stages of follicular development. In contrast, expression was barely detectable in in oocytes. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that @entity60655 protein was present in follicles at different stages of growth, and immunocytochemistry confirmed that @entity60655 and @entity60656 were detectable in granulosa cells of primary and subsequent stage follicles and that they were present in both mural and cumulus granulosa cells of antral follicles. These results establish that @entity60654 -related proteins, which in @entity238 are restricted to the germ cells, are in the @entity19 instead expressed in the granulosa cells and are present throughout folliculogenesis. Based on their tissue-restricted pattern of expression and apparent abundance in granulosa cells, we propose that @entity60655 and @entity60656 play key roles in regulating granulosa cell physiology.

title: @entity19 homologues of the XXXX @entity60654 gene are expressed in ovarian granulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: @entity6164 ( @entity6164 ) is characterized by episodes of @entity3519 or @entity8684 which is induced by sudden movement. We report the clinical manifestations and efficacy of treatment with @entity2049 in familial @entity6164 . Seven @entity1 from two families were diagnosed with @entity6164 . The most common precipitating factors in our @entity1 were sudden movement, @entity148 and stress. The mean age of the first attack was around early puberty, and the symptoms became remarkable during early adulthood. Interictal single-photon emission computed tomography of the brain revealed abnormal perfusion of regional cerebral flow in either the basal ganglia or thalami in most of the @entity1 . Four of seven @entity1 were prescribed low dose of @entity2049 (1.5-2.0 mg/kg/day); the follow-up period ranged from 14 to 30 months. The @entity1 who received @entity2049 treatment became attack-free without decline in school performance. The results suggest that the prognosis of @entity6164 is a relatively benign entity due to spontaneous resolution since adulthood, and a low dose of @entity2049 is sufficient to manage @entity6164 . Abnormal cerebral perfusion flow over the basal ganglia or thalami in these @entity1 leads us to believe that @entity6164 is a form of @entity21 .

title: Clinical manifestation and @entity2049 treatment of XXXX with paroxysmal kinesigenic @entity8684 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8684 :: ('MESH:D001264', 'Disease') :: ['choreoathetosis']

entities_list: @entity6164 :: ('MESH:C566847', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['brief dystonia']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal disorder']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effects of subanesthetic (21%) @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) @entity7908 on postural control, as measured by posturography were studied in 12 subjects. Vibration induced body sway, with open and closed eyes, and body sway induced by a visual stimulus were evaluated. Adaptation was measured as the quotient of body sway variance between the second and first halves of each trial. Change in postural strategy was evaluated as change in the variance of shear forces relative to change in body sway. Subjective evaluation of @entity7908 was recorded. Body sway variance increased significantly during exposure to @entity3727 , and equally for all body sway inducing stimuli. With the eyes open, adaptation to vibratory perturbation was significantly reduced by @entity3727 . Postural strategy was unaffected by @entity3727 , but differed significantly between stimuli, with relatively less involvement of shear forces during vibratory perturbation in the eyes open condition than during the other body sway inducing stimuli. Subjective evaluation of @entity7908 correlated with body sway variance during the visual stimulus. The present findings indicate that subanesthetic @entity3727 @entity7908 reduces postural control. Adaptation to a balance disturbing stimulus, with undisturbed vision, is decreased by @entity3727 . Visual clues are shown to be crucial to the postural strategy adopted to maintain balance. The effects of @entity3727 are assumed to be due to impairment of sensorimotor integration in the CNS.

title: Postural control reduced by subanesthetic @entity3810 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity7908 :: (MESH:D053608,Disease) :: ['narcosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the relative proliferative capacity between @entity1 corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) cultured from the central and peripheral areas of the @entity267 . METHODS: @entity1 corneas were divided into two groups based on donor age (younger group, < or =30 years of age; older group, > or =50 years of age). Corneas were trephined, and Descemet's membrane with HCECs was stripped from the central (0-6.75 mm) and peripheral (6.75-9.5 mm) areas. HCECs were then isolated from Descemet's membrane and cultivated. An equal number of passage-1 endothelial cells from each area were seeded, and the number of cells was determined at various times after seeding. Doubling times of cells from each area were compared. The antibody against @entity9965 ( @entity9965 ) protein was tested for replication competence. RESULTS: Morphologically, HCECs from the central area were similar to cells from the peripheral area. The doubling time (in hours) of HCECs from the central area was 35.20 in the younger group (n = 4) and 54.54 in the older group (n = 4) and from the peripheral area, 29.37 in the younger group and 46.23 in the older group. There was no significant difference (younger: P = 0.515; older: P = 0.222) between the central and peripheral area in each age group. @entity9965 -positive cells were consistently observed in cultures from the central, as well as peripheral, area. There was no significant difference (younger: P = 0.929; older: P = 0.613) in the percentage of @entity9965 -positive cells between these two areas in either age group. Even though there was no significant difference, there was a tendency toward increased doubling time and decreased percentage of @entity9965 in the central area of the older group. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that corneal endothelial cells from both the central and peripheral areas retain potential proliferative capacity.

title: Comparison of the proliferative capacity of XXXX corneal endothelial cells from the central and peripheral areas.

entities_list: @entity9965 :: ('4171', 'Gene') :: ['minichromosome maintenance-2', 'MCM2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (IVR) and bevacizumab (IVB) have both been used as treatments for myopic @entity3193 . We aimed to produce a meta-analysis of published literature comparing IVR with IVB for the treatment of myopic @entity3193 , by searching electronic databases from January 1950 to March 2013. Our search produced three suitable studies that reported on 117 @entity1 in total. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that the mean number of lines improvement after IVR appeared better compared with IVB [fixed effects model: @entity7126  =  0.46, 95% CI (0.09, 0.83), z  =  2.44, p  =  0.01]. The number of @entity1 who had a greater than 3 line improvement was similar between groups [fixed effects model: RR  =  0.95, 95% CI (0.67, 1.32), z  =  0.33, p  =  0.74]. At follow up there was no difference in number of those who had an absence of leakage [fixed effects model: RR  =  1.04, 95% CI (0.93, 1.16), z  =  0.64, p  =  0.52]. There was no statistical significance between the two groups in relation to the number of injections [random effects model: @entity7126  =  -0.25, 95% CI (-1.12, 0.61), z  =  0.57, p  =  0.57]. Early evidence therefore suggests that intravitreal injections of ranibizumab are comparable to intravitreal injections of bevacizumab in the treatment of myopic @entity3193 . Both treatments result in a statistically significant increase in visual acuity with high numbers of @entity1 maintaining stable vision. Further studies are still needed to strengthen results.

title: A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing intravitreal ranibizumab with bevacizumab for the treatment of myopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularisation']

answer: @entity3193 :: (MESH:D015862,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascularisation']


abstract: @entity1902 continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The cornerstone of treatment remains replacement of water and electrolyte losses with oral rehydration solution. Until a few years ago, probiotics were discussed primarily in the context of alternative medicine, but they are now entering mainstream medical practice since a decrease of the severity and duration of @entity1902 in approximately 24 hours has been shown for some strains. Therefore, probiotics are a potential add-on therapy in @entity697 . The shortening of the duration of @entity294 and the reduction in hospital stay result in a social and economic benefit. Evidence found in @entity1800 is more convincing than in bacterial or @entity281 . Mechanisms of action are strain specific and only those commercial products for which there is evidence of clinical efficacy should be recommended. Timing of administration is also of importance. In @entity697 , there is evidence for efficacy of some strains of lactobacilli (e.g. @entity6374 caseii GG and @entity6374 ) and for @entity375 boulardii. Probiotics are "generally regarded as safe", but side effects such as @entity295 and fungaemia have very rarely been reported in high-risk situations. Although most studies conclude in a statistically significant shortening of the duration of @entity294 , the clinical relevance of this finding is limited. In conclusion, selected strains of probiotics result in a statistically significant but clinically moderate benefit in shortening the duration of @entity294 caused by acute @entity1902 .

title: Probiotics in infectious XXXX in children: are they indicated?

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis', 'acute gastro-enteritis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious gastroenteritis', 'infectious gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity6374 :: ('1598', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus reuteri']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: A total of 15 cases of @entity2 associated with scar (scar carcinoma) were studied by light microscopy and electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (XMA). Results were compared to those of three autopsy lungs without significant pulmonary findings that served as controls. @entity82 with scar formation characterized the 15 @entity5 cases. Particulate depositions including doubly refractile particles were also increased in the @entity5 group. XMA identified 25 elements with great complexity of particulate composition. @entity6619 was the most prominent element and was found in 16 of 18 cases studied. @entity4563 , feldspar, talc, muscovite, and @entity3440 were recognized. The fibrogenic properties of @entity7182 compounds were emphasized, including their prominence in the @entity2 group. While the important concept of @entity5 desmoplasia was recognized, the study showed significant @entity82 in relation to fibrogenic materials, which undoubtedly preceded the appearance of the @entity5 . Also noted were the carcinogens @entity595 , @entity3409 , @entity3407 , @entity3406 , and @entity3494 , some of which were previously described as minor constituents of naturally occurring minerals.

title: X-ray microanalysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7182 :: ('MESH:D017640', 'Chemical') :: ['silicate']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4563 :: ('MESH:D007616', 'Chemical') :: ['Kaolinite']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['peripherally located lung carcinomas', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['uranium']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['peripheral lung carcinomas']


abstract: Dielectric permittivity measurements were performed on water solutions of @entity2771 (PG) and @entity11577 ( @entity11577 ) confined in 21    pores of the @entity3440 matrix @entity43387 C10 in wide frequency (10(-2)-10(6) Hz) and temperature (130-250 K) ranges. The aim was to elucidate how the formation of large @entity3884 bonded structural entities, found in bulk solutions of @entity11577 , was affected by the confined geometry, and to make comparisons with the dynamic behavior of the PG-water system. For all solutions the measurements revealed four almost concentration independent relaxation processes. The intensity of the fastest process is low compared to the other relaxation processes and might be caused by both @entity3787 groups of the pore surfaces and by local motions of water and solute molecules. The second fastest process contains contributions from both the main water relaxation as well as the intrinsic b-relaxation of the solute molecules. The third fastest process is the viscosity related a-relaxation. Its concentration independency is very different compared to the findings for the corresponding bulk systems, particularly for the @entity11577 -water system. The experimental data suggests that the surface interactions induce a micro-phase separation of the two liquids, resulting in a full molecular layer of water molecules coordinating to the hydrophilic @entity3787 groups on the surfaces of the @entity3440 pores. This, in turn, increases the geometrical confinement effect for the remaining solution even more and prevents the building up of the same type of larger structural entities in the @entity11577 -water system as in the corresponding bulk solutions. The slowest process is mainly hidden in the high conductivity contribution at low frequencies, but its temperature dependence can be extracted for the @entity11577 -water system. However, its origin is not fully clear, as will be discussed.

title: Dynamics of aqueous binary glass-formers confined in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity11577 :: ('MESH:C005216', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol monomethyl ether', 'PGME']

answer: @entity43387 :: (MESH:C509968,Chemical) :: ['MCM-41']


abstract: A variety of traditional Chinese medical formulations contain two or more herbs from the same genus or family. Although these herbs may have a similar appearance and constituents, they usually have different pharmacodynamic actions. A series of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods are developed to determine one or more compounds for quality control of medicine. As far as we know, no method has been found to determine the real ratio of the two herbs along with the prescription. In this study, we used HPLC-DAD as a way to determine the content of Moutan cortex (M) and Paeoniae radix @entity2928 (P) in GuizhiFuling Wan (GZFLW). An effective, accurate and reliable HPLC-DAD method was developed for detecting the content of M and P in GZFLW through the analysis of four monoterpeneglycosides, namely, @entity57380 (1), @entity13575 (2), mudanpioside C (3) and @entity57381 (4). Due to the different UV characteristics of the compounds, the detection wavelength was 270 nm for 1 and 2, while 3 and 4 were monitored at 254 nm and 230 nm, respectively. Four equations were put forward to describe the relationship between content of M as well as P and the four @entity13577 in GZFLW. After validation, all the accuracies of the M and P contents in GZFLW were within 10%. The result showed that the method could be successfully applied to analyze the contents of M and P in GZFLW. Moreover, our method may be more widely used to control the quality of proprietary Chinese medicines, especially for those containing the same genus or family herbs, in industrial GMP production.

title: A novel method HPLC-DAD analysis of the Contentsof Moutan Cortexand Paeoniae Radix XXXX with similar constituents- @entity13577 in Guizhi Fuling Wan.

entities_list: @entity57380 :: ('MESH:C119233', 'Chemical') :: ['galloylpaeoniflorin']

entities_list: @entity13575 :: ('MESH:C015423', 'Chemical') :: ['paeoniflorin']

entities_list: @entity57381 :: ('MESH:C047591', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoylpaeoniflorin']

entities_list: @entity13577 :: ('CHEBI:72293', 'Chemical') :: ['monoterpene glycosides']

answer: @entity2928 :: (173,Gene) :: ['Alba']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The evaluation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and its role in metabolism and obesity remains an important topic in the recent literature. This study evaluated the influence of the BAT @entity412 content measured by proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) and @entity1720 . METHODS: A total of 25 @entity1 with @entity3918 and @entity5710 (45.9        10.1 years old, body mass index [BMI] of 31.6        5.4   kg/m(2)) underwent anthropometric measurements (BMI), insulin sensitivity analysis (M value during @entity1717 and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), proton MR spectroscopy, and blood tests (total @entity165 , low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, and @entity1674 ). The relationship between the @entity412 content in the supraclavicular fat depot and insulin sensitivity, anthropometric measurements, and blood test results was assessed. RESULTS: The @entity412 content in the supraclavicular fat depot varied between 79.2% and 97.1% (mean: 92.6%        4.2%). The @entity412 content in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue of the neck was significantly higher (85.3%-99.3%; mean: 95.5%        2.9%; P   =   0.0007). The @entity412 content in the supraclavicular fat depot exhibited a significantly moderate correlation with the BMI (r   =   0.64; P   =   0.0009). A significant weak negative correlation between the supraclavicular fat content and M value was revealed (r   =   -0.44; P   =   0.002). @entity1 with high insulin resistance (IR) had a higher @entity412 content in the supraclavicular fat depot than @entity1 with normal and lower IR (94.3%        2.0% vs. 90.4%        5.2%; P   =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Reducing the BAT content in the supraclavicular fat depot can influence the development of IR in @entity1 with @entity3918 and @entity5710 .

title: The Relationship Between Brown Adipose Tissue Content in Supraclavicular Fat Depots and Insulin Sensitivity in @entity1 with @entity6 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes on insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5710 :: (MESH:D011236,Disease) :: ['Prediabetes']


abstract: @entity8789 (THs) exert a broad range of actions on development, growth, and cell differentiation by both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. THs regulate lymphocyte function, but the participation of nongenomic actions is still unknown. Here the contribution of both genomic and nongenomic effects on TH-induced division of T cells was studied by using free and noncell permeable THs coupled to agarose (TH-ag). THs-ag led to cell division, but to a lesser extent than free hormones. THs induced nongenomically the rapid translocation of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 )    isoform to cell membranes, extracellular-signal-regulated kinases ( @entity1366 ) phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) activation. The signaling cascade include @entity8705 acting up-stream the activation of @entity7131   isoform, while @entity3963 and NF-kB are activated downstream this @entity7131 isoenzyme. Both free and THs-ag increased the protein and mRNA levels of TH nuclear receptor @entity10798 , while only free hormones incremented the inducible NOS gene and protein levels as well as a @entity460 independent NOS activity. Both effects were blunted by @entity7131   inhibition. These results indicate that THs, by triggering a nongenomic signaling cascade that involves Smases-mediated activation of @entity7131  , lead to @entity1366 and NF-kB activation and to the genomic increase of TRs and the inducible @entity842 synthase protein and mRNA levels, improving T lymphocyte proliferation. These finding not only contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in TH modulation of lymphocyte physiology, but would also point out for the first time the interplay between genomic and nongenomic TH actions in T cells.

title: Cooperative nongenomic and genomic actions on thyroid hormone mediated-modulation of T cell proliferation involve up-regulation of thyroid hormone receptor and inducible XXXX synthase expression.

entities_list: @entity8789 :: ('MESH:D013963', 'Chemical') :: ['Thyroid hormones']

entities_list: @entity8705 :: ('MESH:D052536', 'Disease') :: ['sphingomyelinases']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment side effects, comorbidities, and guideline-adherent treatment (GL+) influence the oncologic outcome of older @entity0 @entity1 (oBCP) (age  >=  70 years). The focus of this analysis was to investigate the associations among @entity5 characteristics, guideline adherence, and outcome and to compare these associations between younger @entity0 @entity1 (yBCP) (age 50-69 years) and oBCP. METHODS: This is a retrospective multicenter cohort study with 17 participating certified @entity0 centers. The analysis of 10,897 @entity1 records collected from 1992 to 2008 for GL+ and clinical outcome was performed. @entity5 and @entity1 characteristics and their associations with GL+ were compared between oBCP and yBCP. RESULTS: Nonguideline-adherent treatment (GL-) was associated with higher @entity5 stages and comorbidities. This effect was stronger in the oBCP group (P  < .001). GL+ was significantly more common in yBCP than in oBCP (P  < .001). The oBCP had significantly higher @entity5 stages, including @entity5 size (P  < .001), nodal status (P  < .001), and positive hormone receptors (P  = .001). @entity5 grading was lower (P  = .001), and @entity1722 overexpression was less frequent (P  = .003) in oBCP. Overall survival and disease-free survival are significantly impaired if GL- occurred in @entity1 with @entity0 independently of age. CONCLUSIONS: GL- is associated with decreased disease-free survival and overall survival in both age groups. GL+ decreases advanced @entity5 characteristics in all age groups but significantly more in oBCP. If @entity1 received GL+, we were unable to detect a statistical significant difference in the survival parameters.

title: Aggressive Intrinsic Subtypes in @entity0 : A  Predictor of Guideline Adherence in Older @entity1 With XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 is an independent risk factor for @entity788 development and progression, although the mechanisms underlying this association are completely unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of @entity28 on @entity788 growth using a novel in vivo model. METHODS: Lean (C57BL/6 J) and @entity28 ( @entity3237 (Db) and @entity3237 (Ob)) @entity19 were inoculated with @entity19 @entity788 cells (PAN02), and studied after 5 weeks of @entity5 growth. @entity5 histology was evaluated by @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining, cellular proliferation was assessed by @entity1603 , and apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity9342 nick-end labeling assay. Serum adiponectin, leptin, and insulin levels were assayed. RESULTS: Obese @entity19 developed @entity5 , and a significantly greater number of @entity19 developed @entity3 ; mortality was also greater in @entity28 @entity19 . @entity5 apoptosis did not differ among strains, but @entity5 from both @entity28 strains had greater proliferation relative to those growing in lean animals. Serum adiponectin concentration correlated negatively and serum insulin concentration correlated positively with @entity5 proliferation. Intratumoral adipocyte mass in @entity5 from both @entity28 strains was significantly greater than that in @entity5 of lean @entity19 . CONCLUSION: Data from this novel in vivo model suggest that the altered adipokine milieu and insulin resistance observed in @entity28 may lead directly to changes in @entity5 microenvironment, thereby promoting @entity788 growth and dissemination.

title: XXXX potentiates the growth and dissemination of @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['5-bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumor', 'larger tumors']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conclude observations of efficacy of longterm @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity309 entered a prospective study of @entity1500 in 1983. The study was completed after 132 months of therapy. RESULTS: Significant improvement (p < 0.001) was noted in the number of @entity4841 , and physician and @entity1 global assessments. There was 50% improvement in the joint @entity158 index and joint swelling index in > 65% of the @entity1 . A significant reduction in @entity229 dose was achieved. Sixteen @entity1 withdrew from the study. @entity137 led to 3 drug related withdrawals of study @entity1 ( @entity1665 1; @entity55 2). At 132 months, 10 @entity1 (38%) had completed the study; 3 @entity1 (11%) discontinued due to @entity1500 @entity137 . CONCLUSION: @entity1500 was an effective treatment for @entity309 in this 132 month prospective study.

title: Longterm prospective study of @entity1499 in XXXX : conclusion after 132 months of therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['painful joints, swollen joints']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a combination of variables from each nephrometry system improves performance. There are 3 first-generation systems that quantify @entity5 complexity: @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ), preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical (PADUA) classification (PC), and centrality index (CI). Although each has been subjected to validation and comparative analysis, to our knowledge, no work has been done to combine variables from each method to optimize their performance. @entity1 AND METHODS: Scores were assigned to each of 276 @entity1 undergoing @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) or radical nephrectomy (RN). Individual components of all 3 systems were evaluated in multivariable logistic regression analysis of surgery type ( @entity1625 vs. RN) and combined into a "second-generation model." RESULTS: In multivariable analysis, each scoring system was a significant predictor of @entity1625 vs. RN (P<0.0001). Of the first-generation systems, CI was most highly correlated with surgery type (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91), followed by @entity1129 (AUC = 0.90) and PC (AUC = 0.88). Each individual component of these scoring systems was also a predictor of surgery type (P<0.0001). In a multivariable model incorporating each component individually, 4 were independent predictors of surgery type (each P<0.005): @entity5 size ( @entity1129 and PC), nearness to the collecting system ( @entity1129 ), location along the lateral rim (PC), and centrality (CI). A novel model in which these 4 variables were rescaled outperformed each first-generation system (AUC = 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: Optimization of first-generation models of @entity703 complexity results in a novel scoring system, which strongly predicts surgery type. This second-generation model should aid comprehension, but future work is still needed to establish the most clinically useful model.

title: Critical appraisal of first-generation XXXX complexity scoring systems: Creation of a second-generation model of @entity5 complexity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'partial nephrectomy']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score', 'RNS']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumor']


abstract: To assess the safety profile of Neoral dose adjustment using @entity205 (CsA) trough levels (C0) compared with levels obtained 2 h after the morning dose (C2), 30 stable adult heart transplant @entity1 1 yr or more after surgery were converted from @entity205 to Neoral. After a baseline visit (before conversion), initial follow-up included two visits (2 and 4-6 wk after conversion). After the first visit, @entity1 were randomized to Group I (C0: 100-200 ng/ml) or Group II (C2: 200-400 ng/ml). Abbreviated pharmacokinetics were obtained for the estimation of the AUC0-4 h. Renal function was assessed by serum @entity1011 and the @entity4444 -modified @entity1011 clearance. C2 correlated better than C0 with the AUC0-4 h (r = 0.91 vs. 0.63). Initial Neoral dose (mg/kg/d) was similar in both groups (2.8 +/- 0.5 and 2.8 +/- 0.8), and was lower in Group II at the second visit (2.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.0 +/- 0.6, p = 0.0001). C2 levels decreased in Group II from 912 +/- 438 to 555 +/- 271 ng/ml (p = 0.01), without evidence of acute rejection on endomyocardial biopsies. After the second visit,-both groups were monitored with C2, and the range was increased to 300-600 ng/ml. At the last visit (additional follow-up of 5 +/- 1 months), Neoral dose (mg/kg/d) was reduced to 2.0 +/- 0.3 in Group I (p < 0.001) and 1.8 +/- 0.4 in Group II. Serum @entity1011 was lower in Group II at the second visit (138 +/- 59 vs. 168 +/- 37 mumol/L, p = 0.01) and was similar in both groups at the last visit. Neoral dose reduction based on C2 levels was not associated with acute rejection. The better correlation with the AUC0-4 h suggests that C2 may be more reliable than C0 for Neoral dose adjustment.

title: Two-hour XXXX level determination is the appropriate tool to monitor Neoral therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Sandimmune', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity5 deaths worldwide. Surgery, radiotherapy at conventional and high dose and chemotherapy are the mainstay for @entity2 treatment. Insufficient migration and activation of @entity5 specific effector T cells seem to be important reasons for inadequate host anti- @entity5 immune response. Ionizing radiation can induce a variety of immune responses. The goal of this randomized trial is to assess if a preoperative single fraction low dose radiation is able to improve anti- @entity5 immune response in operable early stage @entity2 . METHODS/DESIGN: This trial has been designed as an investigator-initiated, prospective, randomized, 2-armed phase II trial. @entity1 who are candidates for elective resection of early stage @entity1149 will be randomized into 2 arms. A total of 36 @entity1 will be enrolled. The @entity1 receive either 2  Gy or no radiation prescribed to their primary @entity5 . Radiation will be delivered by external beam radiotherapy using 3D radiotherapy or intensity-modulated radiation technique (IMRT) 7  days prior to surgical resection. The primary objective is to compare @entity405 + T cell counts detected by immunohistochemistry in resected @entity5 following preoperative radiotherapy versus no radiotherapy. Secondary objectives include the association between @entity405 + T cell counts and progression free survival, the correlation of @entity405 + T cell counts quantified by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, local @entity5 control and recurrence patterns, survival, radiogenic treatment @entity137 and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Further, frequencies of @entity5 reactive T cells in blood and bone marrow as well as whole blood cell transcriptomics and plasma-proteomics will be correlated with clinical outcome. DISCUSSION: This unique intervention combining preoperative low dose radiation and surgical removal of early stage @entity1149 is designed to address the problem of inadequate host anti- @entity5 immune response. If successful, this study may affect the role of radiotherapy in @entity2 treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02319408 ; REGISTRATION: December 29, 2014.

title: A randomized phase II study of radiation induced immune boost in operable XXXX (RadImmune trial).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between shoulder impingement and morphological characteristics of acromion and the role of sub-acromial injection of @entity1667 in the short-term treatment for relieving @entity158 and improve functional disability of these @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Unit-I (DOST-I), Mayo Hospital, Lahore, between November 2013 to June 2014. METHODOLOGY: All @entity1 presented in OPD with shoulder @entity158 were included as subjects and evaluated by clinical test and categorised using X- @entity16039 scapula Y-view. @entity1 with @entity5818 were correlated with Bigliani types and offered intra-lesional injection into sub-acromial space with 2ml of @entity3303 2% and 40 mg of @entity1667 using 22 gauge needle. The effectiveness was assessed in terms of relieving @entity158 and good functional outcomes; and rotator cuff tear was clinically assessed among impingement positive @entity1 . The @entity158 was assessed using visual analogue score before and after the administration of the injection. Demographic variables for frequencies and their associations were analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Significance level was p <0.05. RESULTS: Among the 101 cases, there was no case of tear of rotator cuff tendon on clinical assessment. Majority of the @entity1 (58.4%) were females with mean age of 31.38   1.13 years. Majority 57 (56.4%) of the @entity1 had acromion type II (curved), which was the most common cause of shoulder impingement. Most had moderate @entity158 . Thirty-four @entity1 required intralesional @entity479 , which relieved the @entity158 in 31 of them. CONCLUSION: @entity5818 without tear of rotator cuff tendon was found in younger age group between 40 to 45 years, which was relieved by intralesional @entity228 administration. These @entity1 had type II (curved) acromion, according to Bigliani classification.

title: Acromion Types and Role of XXXX with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['xylocaine']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['Shoulder impingement syndrome', 'impingement syndrome']

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['Corticosteroid']


abstract: The histological features that accompany the development and progression of solid @entity5 are known to be controlled by a distinct cascade of molecular events. One such event is the inactivation of @entity5 suppressor genes, such as the @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) gene. Disruption of the cadherin-catenin cell adhesion complex also plays a role in the initial steps of @entity5 invasion and @entity3 whereas alterations in cell structural molecules, such as tubulin, may contribute to the @entity5 phenotype. The understanding of the status of these molecules in ESSC may provide novel markers that could impact on management of the disease. The present study examined alterations in the microsatellite sequence of the @entity1412 gene via fluorescent-based polymerase chain reaction in 100 cases of primary @entity1721 . In addition, the expression of @entity5962 , @entity25664 , and @entity9653 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. These data were then statistically compared with each other as well as the relevant clinicopathologic data. Although the @entity1412 markers (D5S210, D5S346, D5S299, and D5S82) tested did show an overall high frequency of @entity74 /loss of heterozygosity (62.48%) and microsatellite instability (41.27%), they did not show prognostic significance in the study cohort and were not correlated with the immunohistochemical data. The tubulin proteins showed no significant change in expression in the @entity5 tissue The decreased immunoreactivity of @entity5962 was statistically correlated with the presence of lymph node @entity3 (P = .0180). Although alpha- and @entity3546 as well as @entity5962 showed no direct prognostic value, @entity5962 may warrant further investigation as an indirect prognostic indicator by allowing more accurate prediction of lymph node @entity3 .

title: Microsatellite analysis of the XXXX gene and immunoexpression of @entity5962 , catenin, and tubulin in @entity1721 .

entities_list: @entity9653 :: ('10376', 'Gene') :: ['alpha- and beta-tubulin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic imbalance']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'APC']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['APC']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the @entity137 profile of @entity1205 / @entity3003 versus @entity1311 / @entity3003 . All @entity1 with primary @entity2670 , or peritoneal @entity5 treated with @entity1205 and @entity902 at the University of Iowa between January 1996 and June 1999 were identified. Controls, treated with @entity1311 and @entity902 , were matched for age, date of diagnosis, type of @entity5 , stage, and @entity66 . @entity137 was evaluated prior to each cycle and was graded according to the Gynecologic Oncology Group criteria. Twenty @entity1 were identified in each group and evaluated. In the @entity1205 / @entity3003 group, sixteen (80%) @entity1 experienced hematologic @entity137 . Nine (45%) had grade III or IV @entity1398 and fever developed in two of these @entity1 . Grade III or IV @entity882 developed in two @entity1 . In contrast, among the @entity1311 / @entity3003 group, grade III or IV @entity1398 developed in only three @entity1 (p < 0.05) and grade III or IV @entity882 developed in two @entity1 . There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to gastrointestinal or @entity8 . In the @entity1311 / @entity3003 group, 13 @entity1 developed @entity16 compared to only 2 @entity1 (10%) in the @entity1205 / @entity3003 group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the clinical response between the two treatment groups. In conclusion, @entity1398 was more common with the @entity1205 / @entity3003 regimen, whereas @entity16 was more common in the @entity1311 -based regimen. The therapeutic efficacy was equivalent between the two groups.

title: @entity1205 versus XXXX for adjuvant treatment of ovarian cancer: case-control analysis of @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian, fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the benefits of a thermal cure and non-thermal rehabilitation in treatment of @entity626 ( @entity626 ). METHODS: Randomized therapeutic trial including @entity1 with @entity626 (American College of Rheumatology criteria). @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups. @entity11028 treatment consisted of underwater shower, massage-jet showers, hydromassage, pool rehabilitation and peloid therapy. Non-thermal rehabilitation consisted of analgesic physiotherapy, muscle strengthening and group physical rehabilitation. A blinded evaluation was carried out at day 21 and 12months following treatment. It was based on the visual analogic scale of @entity158 (VAS), which represented the primary endpoint. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty @entity1 were included (February-June 2005). The @entity11028 treatment and non-thermal rehabilitation groups included 119 and 121  @entity1 respectively. Two hundred and thirty-three @entity1 completed their treatments. Significant improvement of the visual analogic scale of @entity158 was noted in the thermal cure group (61.6  15 at day 0 versus 46.5  22.4 at 12months, P<0.001), but not in the non-thermal group (64.1  15 at day 0 versus 62  29 at 12months, P=0.68). At day 21, comparison of the two groups revealed no significant difference on the VAS (P=0.08). However, at 12months, the thermal cure group was significantly more improved (P=0.000). CONCLUSION: In our study, crenobalneotherapy had resulted, at 12months, in more pronounced long-term improvement of the painful symptoms of @entity626 than had non-thermal rehabilitation.

title: Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of thermal cure and rehabilitation in XXXX . A randomized therapeutic trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis', 'KOA']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined patterns of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) use in a cohort of Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans (IAVs) who were previously identified as having @entity302 . We hypothesized that clinicians would be more likely to prescribe newer AEDs and would select specific AEDs to treat @entity410 based on @entity1 characteristics including gender and comorbidities. METHODS: From the cohort of IAVs previously identified with @entity302 between fiscal years 2009 and 2010, we selected those who received AEDs from the Veterans Health Administration in FY2010. Regimens were classified as monotherapy or polytherapy, and specific @entity734 use was examine overall and by gender. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations of age; gender; race/ethnicity; medical, @entity146 , and neurological comorbidities; and receipt of neurology specialty care associated with the six most commonly used AEDs. RESULTS: Among 256,284 IAVs, 2123 met inclusion criteria (mean age: 33years; 89% @entity1 ). Seventy-two percent (n=1526) received monotherapy, most commonly @entity1092 (N=425) and @entity4677 (n=347). Sixty-one percent of those on monotherapy received a newer @entity734 ( @entity4677 , @entity1771 , @entity2812 , @entity10315 , @entity2051 ). Although fewer @entity1 than @entity1 received @entity1092 , nearly 90% (N=45) were of reproductive age ( <=45years). Antiepileptic drug prescribing patterns were associated with @entity1005 , @entity162 , @entity66 , @entity303 / @entity73 , @entity10 , and receipt of neurological specialty care (all p<0.01). SIGNIFICANCE: In this cohort of veterans with @entity302 , most received @entity734 monotherapy and newer AEDs. Prescribing patterns were different for @entity1 and @entity1 . The patterns observed between @entity146 suggest that clinicians are practicing rational prescribing.

title: Antiepileptic drug prescribing patterns in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'AEDs and neurological/psychiatric comorbidities']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity10315 :: ('MESH:C022189', 'Chemical') :: ['zonisamide']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AED', 'antiepileptic drug']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes of canaloplasty and trabeculectomy in @entity1538 . METHODS: This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 62 @entity1 who randomly received trabeculectomy (n  =  32) or canaloplasty (n  =  30) and were followed up prospectively for 2  years. Primary endpoint was complete (without medication) and qualified success (with or without medication) defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of  <=18  mmHg (definition 1) or IOP  <=21  mmHg and >= 20% IOP reduction (definition 2), IOP >= 5  mmHg, no @entity1018 and no further @entity726 surgery. Secondary endpoints were the absolute IOP reduction, visual acuity, medication, complications and second surgeries. RESULTS: Surgical treatment significantly reduced IOP in both groups (p  <  0.001). Complete success was achieved in 74.2% and 39.1% (definition 1, p  =  0.01), and 67.7% and 39.1% (definition 2, p  =  0.04) after 2  years in the trabeculectomy and canaloplasty group, respectively. Mean absolute IOP reduction was 10.8      6.9  mmHg in the trabeculectomy and 9.3      5.7  mmHg in the canaloplasty group after 2  years (p  =  0.47). Mean IOP was 11.5      3.4  mmHg in the trabeculectomy and 14.4      4.2  mmHg in the canaloplasty group after 2  years. Following trabeculectomy, complications were more frequent including @entity8814 (37.5%), @entity1713 (12.5%) and elevated IOP (25.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculectomy is associated with a stronger IOP reduction and less need for medication at the cost of a higher rate of complications. If target pressure is attainable by moderate IOP reduction, canaloplasty may be considered for its relative ease of postoperative care and lack of complications.

title: Trabeculectomy versus canaloplasty (TVC study) in the treatment of @entity1 with XXXX : a prospective randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal detachment']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: With @entity715 a major cause of @entity204 in Japan and the Western world, @entity556 -inhibitory agents that constrain the formation of fibrin are sought. We screened for basidiomycetes showing anti- @entity556 activity and isolated Laetiporus sulphureus. However, it was difficult to cultivate and its form was not satisfactory. We therefore used protoplast fusion between L. sulphureus and the commonly cultivated basidiomycete Hypsizygus marmoreaus to obtain cultivable basidiomycetes that produced an anti- @entity556 substance. For the protoplast fusion of L. sulphureus and H. marmoreaus, the protoplast concentration, alternating electric field intensity, dielectrophoresis duration, and field pulse intensity used were of 1 x 10(7) protoplasts/ml, 100 V/cm.1 MHz, 60 s, and 8 kV/cm, respectively. The number of regenerated colonies obtained was 4961, from which 43 strains were selected for electrophoretic analysis. Four of the fusants were found to have a band from each parent in isozyme patterns obtained using their crude extract. The fruiting bodies of the fusants were very similar to those of H. marmoreaus. Crude extract from each of the fusants and from L. sulphureus showed anti-coagulative activity in terms of the @entity556 clotting time. We thus obtained improved basidiomycetes that produce an anti- @entity556 substance, are easily cultivated, and whose form resembles H. marmoreaus, a commonly used culinary mushroom.

title: Development of mushrooms for XXXX prevention by protoplast fusion.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Sex- and sequence-specific patterns of methylation of @entity1 DNA are established during gametogenesis and are believed to be important for genomic imprinting and developmental gene regulation. DNA methylation in @entity1 cells is performed predominantly by the enzyme DNA ( @entity5538 -5)-methyltransferase (DNA @entity15699 ). For a better understanding of how DNA methylation events are regulated during spermatogenesis, a developmental study comparing the expression of DNA @entity15699 mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity was performed. Northern and Western blotting and enzyme activity assays were carried out on testes and purified populations of cells from the testes of @entity19 aged 6-70 days. The 5.2-kb DNA @entity15699 transcript was most abundant in testes of @entity19 aged 6-10 days (2-3-fold the 70-day values); it had decreased in abundance by 40% by Day 20 and reached steady adult levels by 63 days. On Western blot analysis, developmental changes in the relative abundance of DNA @entity15699 protein paralleled the changes seen in mRNA concentrations. DNA @entity15699 enzyme activity in the testis was highest at 6 days of age (10-fold the 70-day values); it had decreased by more than 65% by 20 days and reached steady adult levels at 35 days. Analysis of purified germ cells from the adult testis revealed high levels of expression of both DNA @entity15699 mRNA and protein in haploid round spermatids. In conclusion, DNA @entity15699 is clearly developmentally regulated during spermatogenesis at the level of mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity. These results argue for an important role for this DNA-methylating enzyme during spermatogenesis.

title: Developmental expression of DNA methyltransferase messenger ribonucleic acid, protein, and enzyme activity in the XXXX testis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Th17 has been demonstrated to have a key role in several @entity792 . The present study was carried out to investigate changes in @entity636 and Th17 in cultured PBMC in response to Abeta peptide (25-35) and @entity519 stimulation in vitro. PBMC were collected from adult healthy donors and cultured in normal and anaerobic conditions ( @entity519 1, 3, @entity19 , 24 hr). Each group of cells was stimulated with Abeta peptide (25-35; 3, 10 nmol/ml). ELISA was used to examine @entity636 concentrations in the supernatants, and flow cytometry for the numbers of @entity636 secreting @entity1961 positive Th17 lymphocytes. Statistically significant increases in @entity636 and Th17 concentrations were found in groups with 10 nmol/ml Abeta (25-35) and more than three hr anaerobic culture. @entity636 and Th17 concentrations in anaerobic groups increased gradually with time and peaked at six hr. Compared with other groups, the highest concentrations were found in those treated with 10 nmol/ml Abeta and cultured for six hr (P < 0.001). This study provides the first report that @entity636 and Th17 lymphocytes are possibly involved in the immune pathogenesis caused by Abeta peptide (25-35). @entity519 may enhance this response independently of time.

title: XXXX enhances stimulating effect of amyloid beta peptide (25-35) for interleukin 17 and T helper lymphocyte subtype 17 upregulation in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity406 -fixed @entity4461 for diagnostic efficacy and safety in percutaneous CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in addition to cytopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 61 CT-guided FNABs were entered into a prospective trial. FNAB was performed in 22 female and 39 male @entity1 (32 - 83 years, m = 62.8 +/- 10.9 y) using 20- (n = 7) and 22-gauge (n = 54) needles. After correct placement within the @entity5 , material for cytopathological work-up was harvested. Additional material was sampled by needling (stirring and aspirating) within the lesion. These @entity4461 were fixed in buffered @entity406 and delivered for histopathological work-up along with the smears. All results were correlated with the clinical course of the @entity1 ; cases of negative biopsies underwent surgery or were followed clinically for a minimum of 13 months (m = 14.8 +/- 1.4 months). Finally, all puncture-related side-effects and complications were analyzed and compared with data from 108 transthoracic FNABs performed over a two-year period before using this technique. RESULTS: Tissue samples adequate for pathological diagnosis were obtained in 93.4 % (57 of 61 @entity1 ). Malignant cells were found in 50 samples, and 7 biopsy results were negative. The relevant pathological changes were depicted on both smear and @entity4461 in 47 cases (82.4 %). In the remaining @entity1 , the diagnoses were exclusively established by cytopathology (n = 6) and histopathology (n = 4). Altogether, additional information was obtained in 20 of the 57 FNABs (35.1 %). In the 47 cases with relevant findings obtained with both methods, the routine stain already led to the correct diagnosis in 9 cases by showing cohesive layers of malignant cells, and immunocytochemistry allowed subclassification of the biopsy material in additional 7 cases. Pneumothorax occurred in 12 of 38 transpleural punctures (31.6 %), hemoptysis in one @entity1 (2.6 %). Four pneumothoraces required further treatment (3 thoracocenteses, 1 chest tube placement). @entity548 requiring further treatment were not seen, but two minor @entity1410 were observed in the 19 abdominal punctures. The overall rate for pneumothorax was 38.9 % (42 of 108 interventions) for the FNAB performed in standard technique. CONCLUSION: Histological work-up of sampled @entity4461 yielded a higher accuracy of CT-guided FNABs. Additional immunocytochemical studies allowed subclassification of @entity5 material. The complication rate of this technique was not higher than for FNAB alone.

title: [Refinement of cytopathology of CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsies with additional histologic examination of @entity406 -fixed XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood-clot', 'blood-clots']

answer: @entity4461 :: (MESH:D020141,Disease) :: ['blood-clots']


abstract: AIM: This paper is a report of a study conducted to examine the emotional experience of caregiving by family carers of @entity1 with @entity2033 and to describe strategies they used to deal with that experience. BACKGROUND: @entity2033 , commonly diagnosed in young to middle adulthood, is an @entity74 involving @entity73 . Many family members become caregivers as well as continuing as parents and wage earners. The emotional aspects of caregiving contribute to mental health risks for family members. METHODS: Focus groups were conducted with 42 adult carers of @entity1 with @entity2033 in four United States and two Canadian @entity2033 centers between 2001 and 2005. Data were analyzed through descriptive coding and thematic analysis. FINDINGS: All @entity1 reported multiple aspects of emotional distress. Being a carer was described as experiencing disintegration of one's life. Carers attempted to cope by seeking comfort from selected family members, anticipating the time when the care recipient had died and/or using prescription medications. Spousal carers were distressed by the loss of their relationship with their spouse and dealt with this by no longer regarding the @entity1 as an intimate partner. Carers were concerned about the disease risk for @entity1 in their families and hoped for a cure. CONCLUSION: Emotional distress can compromise the well-being of family carers, who attempt to maintain multiple roles. Nurses should monitor carer mental health, identify sources of emotional distress and support effective strategies used by carers to mediate distress.

title: The emotional experiences of family carers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['loss of cognitive, motor and neuropsychiatric function']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited single gene disorder']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ['Huntington disease']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fatty meal cholescintigraphy (fatty meal CS) is a potential physiologic alternative for @entity8586 (CCK) CS in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic @entity7140 (CAC). However, there are limited data in the literature to support this assumption. Our objective was to determine the usefulness of fatty meal CS in the diagnosis and treatment of CAC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 198 @entity1 who had undergone fatty meal CS for presumed CAC. Data retrieved focused on symptom improvement following management. Gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) of 50% or less was considered abnormal. @entity1 were divided into groups on the basis of test results and management. RESULTS: In group 1a, @entity1 with low GBEF and cholecystectomy, 88% (54 of 61) reported symptom improvement, whereas the remaining 12% (7 of 61) retained their symptoms. Group 1b consisted of @entity1 with low GBEF and who were managed medically. Persistence of symptoms was noted in 76% (32 of 42) of @entity1 , whereas the remaining 24% (10 of 42) had symptom improvement. Group 2 consisted of @entity1 with normal GBEF. Follow-up showed that 60% (47 of 78) of @entity1 had symptom improvement either spontaneously or on medical treatment, whereas the remaining 40% (31 of 78) retained their symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Fatty meal CS is a very useful technique in the diagnosis of CAC. It predicts a good surgical outcome once GBEF is low in @entity1 with high pre-test probability for CAC. Moreover, fatty meal CS may be a good alternative to CCK CS.

title: Usefulness of fatty meal-stimulated cholescintigraphy in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity7140 :: ('MESH:D042101', 'Disease') :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']

answer: @entity7140 :: (MESH:D042101,Disease) :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']


abstract: @entity299 ( @entity299 ), core temperature (CT) and gross locomotor activity (GLA) were recorded in @entity35 by a computerized telemetry system before, during and after 15-min exposure to a constantly electrified (2mA) or nonelectrified (0mA) prod which was presented through a hole in the home cage with woodshavings on the floor [shock-prod burying (SPB) test]. Measurement of both autonomic and behavioral response continued up to 60 min after introduction of the prod in the home cage. Twenty-four h after the SPB test, @entity35 were tested for retention. During the SPB test, significant increases in @entity299 , respective to baseline values, were observed in both the 2mA and 0mA group, but the tachycardiac response in the former group significantly outweighed that in the latter group. In shocked @entity35 , @entity299 remained elevated during the entire 45-min posttest period, whereas @entity299 declined immediately after removal of the prod in nonshocked animals. An onset in rise in CT was observed in the 2mA, but not in the 0mA group, during prod exposure time, which eventually resulted in an additional-more than two-fold--increase after termination of the test and outlasted total recording time. Marked behavioral activation was observed in the 2mA group, whereas the 0mA responded to a lesser extent. Approach and exploration of the prod was reduced when the prod was electrified. The total time spent by @entity35 burying the prod was significantly longer in the shocked than in the nonshocked group. When exposed to the nonelectrified prod after 24 h, total burying time was reduced in the 2mA group but still significantly longer than in the 0mA group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Shock-prod burying test in XXXX : autonomic and behavioral responses.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart rate', 'HR']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The distinction of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) from @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and @entity201 ( @entity201 ) in some cases requires the use of immunohistochemistry. @entity2282 has recently been suggested as a useful stain for @entity157 . We directly compared @entity2282 with other immunohistochemical markers, Hepatocyte, pCEA, and MOC31, that have previously shown to be useful for the distinction between @entity5 in the liver to help define the current panel of stains that most readily distinguishes @entity157 from @entity201 and @entity420 . One hundred previously well-characterized @entity5 in the liver were evaluated and included 25 @entity157 , 15 @entity201 , and 60 MAs (15 each from breast, esophageal/gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal origin). @entity5 were immunostained with the commercially available antibodies Hepatocyte, pCEA, MOC31, and @entity2282 . @entity2282 stained 13 of 25 @entity157 and was rarely positive in @entity420 and @entity201 (3/75). Hepatocyte stained 24 of 25 @entity157 and was negative in all 75 @entity420 and @entity201 . pCEA stained 24 of 25 @entity157 and 71 of 75 @entity420 and @entity201 with the proper pattern of immunoreactivity, but the pattern of staining was difficult to interpret in several cases. MOC31 stained 1 of 25 @entity157 and 65 of 75 @entity420 and @entity201 . Hepatocyte was the most sensitive and specific single marker for @entity157 . @entity2282 is not a useful addition or substitution to the panel of Hepatocyte, MOC31, and pCEA. The combination of Hepatocyte, MOC31, and pCEA correctly classified 99 of 100 @entity5 in this study and is our proposed panel of immunostains for the initial workup of @entity5 in the liver.

title: A comparison of @entity2282 to pCEA, MOC-31, and hepatocyte for the distinction of XXXX in the liver.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['CC', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic adenocarcinoma', 'MA']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumors']


abstract: @entity505 nanofibers (CNFs) randomly embedded in @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) composites have recently been shown to promote cardiomyocyte growth when compared with conventional @entity7050 without CNFs. It was shown then that @entity7050 : @entity6333 composites were conductive and that conductivity increased as greater amounts of CNFs were added to pure @entity7050 . Moreover, tensile tests showed that addition of CNFs increased the tensile strength of the @entity7050 composite to mimic that of natural heart tissue. Most importantly, throughout all cytocompatibility experiments, cardiomyocytes were viable and expressed important biomarkers that were greatest on 50:50 wt% @entity6333 : @entity7050 composites. The increased selective adsorption of fibronectin and @entity4732 (critical proteins that mediate cardiomyocyte function) onto such composites proved to be the mechanism of action. However, the natural myocardium is anisotropic in terms of mechanical and electrical properties, which was not emulated in these prior @entity7050 : @entity6333 composites. Thus, the aim of this in vitro study was to create and characterize CNFs aligned in @entity7050 composites (at 50:50 wt%, including their mechanical and electrical properties and cardiomyocyte density), comparing such results with randomly oriented CNFs in @entity7050 . Specifically, CNFs were added to soluble biodegradable @entity7050 (50:50 PGA:PLA weight ratio) and aligned by applying a voltage and then allowing the polymer to cure. @entity6333 surface micron patterns (20  m wide) on @entity7050 were then fabricated through a mold method to further mimic myocardium anisotropy. The results demonstrated anisotropic mechanical and electrical properties and significantly improved cardiomyocyte density for up to 5 days on CNFs aligned in @entity7050 compared with being randomly oriented in @entity7050 . These results indicate that CNFs aligned in @entity7050 should be further explored for improving cardiomyocyte density, which is necessary in numerous cardiovascular applications.

title: Greater cardiomyocyte density on aligned compared with random XXXX nanofibers in polymer composites.

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (lactic-co-glycolic-acid)', 'PLGA']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of surgical treatment for moderate or severe @entity4039 ( @entity4039 ) using modified Dunn procedure through the approach of surgical @entity572 at the interval of minimum 12 months follow-up. METHODS: From November 2011 to June 2013, 6 @entity1 (7 hips) with @entity4039 were treated in department of pediatric orthopedics, Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, they all had @entity130 history. The @entity1 were aged from 10-15 years, mean 13.6 years. The duration of symptoms ranged from 4 to 35 days, average 14.2 days. The degree of slip was averagely 45% (25%-55%). In 6 @entity1 (except right side of 1 case was treated in situ with cannulated screws) were surgically treated using modified Dunn procedure through the approach of surgical @entity572 . Postoperatively the brace was used for immobilizing the hip for 4 weeks, then 4 weeks of bed traction combined with rehabilitation program of hip joint activity. Eight weeks later, the gradual touchdown weight bearing was being allowed. RESULTS: The follow-up time ranged from 12 to 30 months, average 23.8 months. Six @entity1 have been able to walk without crutches, no obvious limp. X-ray film showed femoral epiphysis line on the bit of good recovery, no appearance of @entity2530 of the @entity2738 , joint space was normal. The Harris score of hip evaluation was 94.7 averagely, ranging 85-100, at the time of last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Application of surgical treatment for moderate or severe @entity4039 with open reduction through the approach of surgical @entity572 is a valid alternative method. The @entity2738 epiphysis can be capable of restoring anatomy, at present no case occurred @entity2530 , and @entity1 are satisfied with the function of the hip joint.

title: [Results of surgical treatment for moderate or severe XXXX through the approach of surgical @entity572 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['slipped capital femoral epiphysis', 'SCFE']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['slipped capital femoral epiphysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the laparoscopic approach becoming the standard in colorectal surgery, @entity282 management for minimally invasive surgery is still mainly based on strategies that have been established for open surgical procedures. @entity1 -controlled epidural and intravenous @entity1337 are considered standard postoperative @entity1337 regimens in colorectal surgery. @entity1337 provides excellent @entity1337 , but is increasingly scrutinized in laparoscopic surgery since @entity282 after the laparoscopic approach is significantly reduced. Moreover, epidural @entity1337 can be associated with numerous complications. Therefore, epidural @entity1337 is no longer recommended for the management of @entity282 in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Likewise, @entity1 -controlled intravenous @entity1337 is subject to significant side effects. Given these important limitations of the traditional strategies for postoperative @entity1337 , effective and efficient alternatives in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery are needed. Both the transversus abdominis plane block and systemically administered @entity3303 have already been reported to effectively reduce @entity158 after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. We hypothesize that the transversus abdominis plane block is superior to perioperative intravenous @entity3303 . METHODS/DESIGN: One hundred and twenty five @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery will be included in this prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial. @entity1 will be randomly allocated to three different postoperative strategies: postoperative @entity1 -controlled intravenous @entity1337 with @entity1286 (control group, n   =   25), a transversus abdominis plane block with @entity1342 0.375% at the end of surgery plus postoperative @entity1 -controlled intravenous @entity1337 with @entity1286 (TAP group, n   =   50), or perioperative intravenous @entity3303 plus postoperative @entity1 -controlled intravenous @entity1337 with @entity1286 (LIDO group, n   =   50). As the primary outcome parameter, we will evaluate the opioid consumption during the first 24 postoperative hours. Secondary endpoints include the Numeric Rating Scale, time to return of intestinal function, time to mobilization, inflammatory response, incidence of @entity1209 , length of hospital stay and postoperative morbidity as assessed with the Clavien-Dindo classification. DISCUSSION: Recognizing the importance of a multimodal approach for perioperative @entity158 management, we aim to investigate whether a transversus abdominis plane block delivers superior @entity158 control in comparison to perioperative intravenous @entity3303 and @entity1 -controlled intravenous @entity1337 with @entity1286 alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT Identifier: 2014-001499-73; 31 July 2014.

title: Transversus abdominis plane block versus perioperative intravenous @entity3303 versus @entity1 -controlled intravenous @entity1286 for XXXX control after laparoscopic colorectal surgery: study protocol for a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Epidural analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although there is an extensive body of literature on the role of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in the management of @entity5 , its role in primary locally advanced adherent @entity694 (LAACC) is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyzed the outcomes of neoadjuvant CRT and multivisceral resection in the management of LAACC patietns. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our institutional @entity14 Database for 33 @entity1 with potentially resectable, non-metastatic primary LAACC who received neoadjuvant CRT followed by multivisceral resection. CRT consisted of external beam radiation (45-50 Gy in 25 daily fractions) and concurrent @entity1487 infusion (225 mg/m(2)/day). RESULTS: There were 21 males and 12 females. Median age was 64 (31-83) and median follow-up was 36 months. All @entity1 had microscopically clear resection margins (R0). Complete pathologic response was documented in 1 @entity1 (3%) and 66% had ypT4b disease. @entity532 were observed in 36% of @entity1 with no 30-day mortality. The 3-year overall survival and 3-year disease-free survival were 85.9% and 73.7% respectively. Two @entity1 developed a local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant CRT and en-bloc multivisceral resection may result in high rates of R0 resection and excellent local control with acceptable morbidity and mortality in selected @entity1 with LAACC.

title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and multivisceral resection for primary locally advanced adherent XXXX : a single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: The goal of this work was to investigate the mechanism of drug resistance in @entity3911 enriettii as a model system for drug resistance both in @entity1 @entity232 and on other @entity4801 . Parasites were selected in increasing concentrations of @entity5713 , an inhibitor of microtubule assembly, and resistant clones were isolated which grew in concentrations 5-30 times the IC50 (30 micrograms ml-1) of parental cells. The @entity5713 -resistant parasites were also resistant to @entity5808 , an unrelated drug which inhibits protein synthesis. This cross-resistance to unrelated drugs had previously been observed in @entity1 cells and recently in @entity3911 . The proposed mechanism for this cross-resistance is drug efflux mediated by increased expression of a P-glycoprotein molecule encoded by a multidrug resistance (mdr) gene. Here we report the identification, cloning and sequencing of an mdr-like gene from L. enriettii, lemdr1, and demonstrate that this gene is amplified on an extrachromosomal circle of 35-40 kb in @entity5713 -resistant L. enriettii. The longest open reading frame in the cloned gene is 1280 @entity1522 with a predicted protein of 140 kDa. The predicted protein has a structure similar to that for all other reported P-glycoproteins namely 12 transmembrane domains and 2 ATP binding sites, arranged in 2 similar half-molecules. Comparison of the primary @entity535 sequence with other known mdr gene products demonstrates a significant homology with 37% @entity535 identity with @entity1 @entity1262 and 83% identity with the @entity3911 ldmdr1 gene. The lemdr1 gene was cloned in the expression vector pALTNEO and transfected into wild-type L. enriettii and the resulting transfected cells were resistant to @entity5713 but at lower levels than in the selected mutant cells.

title: Cloning and functional analysis of an extrachromosomally amplified multidrug resistance-like gene in XXXX enriettii.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity3911 :: ('5661', 'Species') :: ['L. donovani', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity3911 :: (5661,Species) :: ['Leishmania']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity152 of the lung is a newly recognized clinicopathologic entity. The clinical characteristics and optimal treatment of @entity1 with @entity152 are not yet established. The aim of this study was to define the clinicopathologic characteristics of @entity152 . METHODS: The histologic characteristics of the @entity1 receiving an initial diagnosis of poorly differentiated @entity1149 (n = 484), @entity4153 (n = 55), @entity4303 (n = 31), and @entity152 (n = 12) were retrospectively reviewed according to World Health Organization criteria. Immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm the neuroendocrine phenotype. The outcomes and other clinical characteristics of those @entity1 with @entity152 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of @entity1 with poorly differentiated @entity189 of other histologic types. RESULTS: A total of 87 @entity1 were given a diagnosis of @entity152 after the histologic review. These @entity1 comprised 3.1% of all @entity1 undergoing resection for primary @entity2 during the same period. The overall 5-year survival was 57%. The 5-year survivals of @entity1 with stage I, II, III, and IV disease were 67%, 75%, 45%, and 0%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the overall survival of @entity1 with @entity152 and those with other @entity1149 . There was a significant difference between the survival of @entity1 with stage I @entity152 and that of @entity1 with the same stage of other @entity1149 . The site of the first documented recurrence was locoregional in 12 @entity1 (34%), distant metastases in 20 @entity1 (57%), and both simultaneously in 3 @entity1 . Locoregional lymph node recurrences were observed frequently. More than 80% of recurrences were found within 1 year after the operation. CONCLUSION: In terms of prognosis, @entity152 is distinctly different from other @entity1149 . The prognosis of @entity152 was poor, even for early stage disease; the prognosis of the stage I disease of @entity152 was poorer than that of the same stage of other @entity1149 . Because of its aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis, @entity152 should be recognized as one of the poorest prognostic subgroups among @entity2 , and therefore novel therapeutic approaches should be established.

title: XXXX of the lung: a clinicopathologic study of eighty-seven cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinomas', 'non-small cell lung cancers', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'primary lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinomas', 'large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

answer: @entity152 :: (MESH:D018287,Disease) :: ['Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']


abstract: Diagnostic studies of accuracy targeting sensitivity and specificity are commonly done in a paired design in which all modalities are applied in each @entity1 , whereas cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses are usually assessed either directly alongside to or indirectly by means of stochastic modeling based on larger @entity23 ( @entity23 ). However the conduct of @entity23 is hampered in an environment such as ours, in which technology is rapidly evolving. As such, there is a relatively limited number of @entity23 . Therefore, we investigated as to which extent paired diagnostic studies of accuracy can be also used to shed light on economic implications when considering a new diagnostic test. We propose a simple decision tree model-based cost-utility analysis of a diagnostic test when compared to the current standard procedure and exemplify this approach with published data from lymph node staging of @entity263 . Average procedure costs were taken from the Danish Diagnosis Related Groups Tariff in 2013 and life expectancy was estimated for an ideal 60 year old @entity1 based on @entity263 stage and prostatectomy or radiation and chemotherapy. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were deduced from the literature, and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used to compare lymph node dissection with respective histopathological examination (reference standard) and @entity22317 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FCH-PET/CT). Lower bounds of sensitivity and specificity of FCH-PET/CT were established at which the replacement of the reference standard by FCH-PET/CT comes with a trade-off between worse effectiveness and lower costs. Compared to the reference standard in a diagnostic accuracy study, any imperfections in accuracy of a diagnostic test imply that replacing the reference standard generates a loss in effectiveness and utility. We conclude that diagnostic studies of accuracy can be put to a more extensive use, over and above a mere indication of sensitivity and specificity of an imaging test, and that health economic considerations should be undertaken when planning a prospective diagnostic accuracy study. These endeavors will prove especially fruitful when comparing several imaging techniques with one another, or the same imaging technique using different tracers, with an independent reference standard for the evaluation of results.

title: Added value of cost-utility analysis in simple diagnostic studies of accuracy: @entity22317 PET/CT in XXXX staging.

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity22317 :: ('MESH:C516370', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluoromethylcholine']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']