abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the viral and bacterial causes of acute watery @entity294 in hospitalized @entity1 in Papua New Guinea. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on stool samples collected from 199 @entity1 (age <5 years) admitted to the paediatric ward of Goroka General Hospital from August 2009 through November 2010. A large range of viral and bacterial enteric pathogens were targeted using real-time PCR/RT-PCR assays. RESULTS: Young @entity1 were much more likely to be admitted with acute @entity1902 , with 62.8% of @entity1 aged <1 year and 88.4% aged <2 years. An enteric pathogen was detected in 69.8% (n=138) of @entity1 . The most commonly detected pathogens were @entity6835 @entity5645 (26.6%), rotavirus (25.6%), adenovirus types 40/41 (11.6%), enterotoxigenic @entity526 (11.1%), enteropathogenic @entity526 (8.5%), norovirus G2 (6.0%), and Campylobacter @entity5645 (4.0%). Norovirus G1, sapovirus, and Salmonella @entity5645 were also detected, but below our statistical limit of detection. @entity1838 and astrovirus were not detected in any @entity1 . @entity325 were detected in 22.1% of @entity1 , with @entity6835 and rotavirus most commonly detected in @entity325 with other pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that @entity6835 and rotavirus are the major pathogens associated with acute paediatric @entity1902 in this setting.

title: Detection of enteric viral and bacterial pathogens associated with paediatric XXXX in Goroka, Papua New Guinea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Mixed infections', 'co-infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To study the effect of revascularization on blood pressure (BP) and serum @entity1011 (SCr) in @entity1 with @entity731 ( @entity731 ). METHODS: Three randomized studies comparing balloon angioplasty (plus medication if necessary) with medical therapy alone in @entity1 with @entity731 were identified. In one study, @entity1 were stratified and analysed according to whether they had unilateral or bilateral disease. Therefore, four sets of results were available for inclusion in a meta-analysis comparing BP and SCr at 6 months and changes from baseline. RESULTS: The three trials recruited 210 @entity1 . There was no clear benefit for angioplasty when comparing BP at 6 months. Relative to the medical therapy group, the mean (95% CI) systolic/diastolic BP was 2.9 mmHg (-9.1, 3.4)/0.35 mmHg (-3.6, 2.9) lower in the angioplasty group (P=0.4/0.8). There was, however, some suggestion of benefit for angioplasty when changes in BP were compared. There was a greater reduction in the systolic/diastolic BP in the angioplasty group, with a difference of 6.3 mmHg (-11.7, -0.8)/3.3 mmHg (-6.2, -0.4) in the mean change (P=0.02/0.03). There was some suggestion of benefit for angioplasty in terms of changes in SCr, although this was not significant (P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The reported trials have been too small to determine reliably the role of angioplasty in @entity731 . Although the combined results of three previous trials exclude the possibility of a large improvement in renal function or @entity101 after angioplasty, a moderate but clinically worthwhile benefit cannot be ruled out. Further large-scale randomized evidence is needed.

title: Continuing uncertainty about the value of percutaneous revascularization in XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['ARVD', 'atherosclerotic renovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic renovascular disease']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between bone level thresholds and the extension of otosclerotic foci within the otic capsule. The study consisted of a retrospective case review in a university hospital. We included @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity8719 in our department and who had a CT scan prior to surgery. We analyzed the data charts and CT scans of 437 cases (386 @entity1 ). On CT scan, we distinguished @entity1 with @entity8719 and/or with a pericochlear focus. A pericochlear focus could be extended (Group 2) or not (Group 1) to the cochlear endosteum. Data for Groups 1 and 2 were compared with those for the control group of all @entity1 for whom CT scan showed no cochlear focus (Group 3). Of the 437 CT scans, 399 were positive (91.3%). An anterior focus was reported in 305 cases (69.8%), a footplate thickening in 21 cases (4.8%) and both @entity154 were encountered in 60 cases (13.7%). A pericochlear focus was reported in 53 examinations. This focus was extended to the endosteum in 14 cases (26.4% of the pericochlear foci). In Group 1, preoperative air conduction (AC) thresholds were significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). The air--bone gap was also significantly larger in Group 1 (p < 0.05). Bone conduction (BC) thresholds were lower in Group 1 than in the control group but the difference was not significant. In Group 2, preoperative AC thresholds were significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). BC thresholds were also lower in Group 2 than in the control group and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). As a result of this study, we assume that there may be a relationship between bone level thresholds and the radiological extension of @entity8719 within the otic capsule.

title: Sensorineural hearing loss and XXXX : a clinical and radiologic survey of 437 cases.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomalies']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis', 'fenestral otosclerosis']

answer: @entity8719 :: (MESH:D010040,Disease) :: ['otosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) have received little research attention despite the potential influence it may have on the impact of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity25 in a Lithuanian community sample of individuals with the @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) and its relation with @entity308 , @entity148 , and health related quality of life (HRQoL). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The examined group consisted of 137 @entity3780 outpatients. The following questionnaires were used: the original socio-demographic questionnaire, Medical Outcomes Study Sleep (MOSS) measure, Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS), and HRQoL measure. The relationship of objective @entity25 was evaluated with multivariate linear regression, adjusted to socio-demographic and clinical data. RESULTS: Sleep disturbances were present in 45.3 percent of @entity1 . According to the HADS-D, @entity308 were present in 21.9 percent, according to the HADS-A, @entity148 were present in 19.7 percent of study @entity1 . Mean value of @entity1032 respectively constituted 40.4 and 44.5. We observed the relationship between @entity25 and gender, age, EDSS, prevalence of @entity308 and @entity148 , and @entity1032 . CONCLUSIONS: Our research was limited by narrow number of study @entity1 and could be accepted only as preliminary study. The study investigated only @entity3780 @entity1 , therefore investigation of other clinical forms of @entity15 could provide more exhaustive data related with @entity25 . The investigation included only outpatients group, therefore research of inpatients could provide more comprehensive data. Sleep disturbances in our study were common in @entity3780 , and they related with female gender, older age, higher disability status, prevalence of @entity308 and @entity148 , and worse HRQoL. The treatable causes of @entity25 in @entity3780 should be identified and cured. However, further research are requested to confirm these findings.

title: Features of @entity25 in @entity15 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Physical and Mental component of HRQoL']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a case of @entity10630 with bilateral orbital involvement. METHODS: A 43-year-old female with bilateral proptosis was presented. Its clinical features, image findings, pathological character and therapeutic effect were evaluated. RESULTS: CT demonstrated bilateral, diffuse orbital mass. Histopathologic assessment revealed a diffuse xanthogranulomatous process with clusters of lipidladen histocytes. Numerous @entity7468 were scattered throughout the lesion. Renal and @entity712 happened during a 6-year follow-up period. Long bones roentgenogram demonstrated diffuse symmetrical sclerosis with extensive, @entity75 . Systemic administration of @entity288 , chemotherapy, immunoglobulin and traditional Chinese medicine showed good therapeutic result. CONCLUSIONS: An administration of systemic @entity288 , chemotherapy, immunoglobin and traditional Chinese medicine can control @entity10630 . Further exploration of its pathogenesis and collection of useful clinical data are required.

title: A case of XXXX with bilateral orbital involvement.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['Touton giant cells']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity10630 :: ('MESH:D031249', 'Disease') :: ['Erdheim-Chester disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity10630 :: (MESH:D031249,Disease) :: ['Erdheim-Chester disease']


abstract: Evidence suggests that breastfeeding during infancy lowers the risk of @entity209 ( @entity209 ) and its attendant risk factors in adult life. To investigate the influence of feeding type on the risk factors of @entity209 , we assessed insulin sensitivity and lipid and apolipoprotein metabolism in preterm @entity1 . Blood samples were collected from preterm @entity1 at the time of discharge. @entity1 were separated into two groups: a breast milk (BM) group receiving    90% of their intake from BM, and a @entity325 ( @entity325 ) group receiving    50% of their intake from formula. The following indices were then compared between the two groups. Blood @entity413 and serum insulin levels were used to calculate the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). We also measured serum total @entity165 (TC), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDLc), @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ) and @entity755 ( @entity755 ) levels, and the ratios of TC/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc and @entity755 / @entity1675 . The mean gestational age was 32.9 weeks at birth, and blood samples were collected at a mean corrected age of 37.4 weeks. There were 22 @entity1 in the BM group and 19 in the @entity325 group. QUICKI was significantly higher in the BM group. TC, HDLc and @entity1675 were not significantly different between the groups, but LDLc and @entity755 levels were significantly higher in the BM group. The TC/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc and @entity755 / @entity1675 ratios were significantly higher in the BM group. In preterm @entity1 , the type of feeding exposure in the early postnatal period may influence @entity413 , lipid and apolipoprotein metabolism, and affect markers of @entity209 .

title: Effects of breastfeeding on the risk factors for XXXX in preterm @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apoB', 'apolipoprotein-B']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apoA1', 'apolipoprotein-A1']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transmyocardial @entity63 is manifested as @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ). We examined acoustic cardiographic indices of @entity1347 that occur during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Of 83 @entity1 undergoing coronary angiography, 25 underwent PCI, including 5 who developed @entity1347 . Continuous 12-lead ECG and computerized acoustic cardiographic heart sound analysis were performed during PCI. Intensities of the heart sounds (S1 to S4), diastolic time (from S2 to S1), and systolic time intervals (S1 to S2) were recorded. RESULTS: As @entity1347 increased, there was no change in heart rate or systolic time. Contractility decreased, with an increase in S3 intensity and a reduction in S1/S2 ratio. Left ventricular stiffness increased, reflected by an increase in S4 intensity. CONCLUSIONS: As @entity63 worsened during progressive @entity1347 , acoustic cardiographic indices reflected impaired contractility and increased ventricular stiffness. In particular, the S4 was most predictive of increasing degrees of @entity1347 . These findings have implications for assessment of @entity63 in @entity1 with ECG findings that confound ST segment interpretation.

title: Acoustic cardiographic indices of XXXX during percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment elevation', 'STE']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'transmyocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['transmyocardial ischemia']


abstract: Although proteinase inhibitor proteins are known to confer insect resistance in transgenic plants, their endogenous roles remain undefined. Here, we describe the expression of a @entity58530 ( @entity45425 ) protein from Solanum americanum in phloem of stems, roots and leaves suggesting a novel endogenous role for @entity45425 in phloem. The phloem consists of parenchyma cells, @entity1417 ( @entity1417 ), and companion cells (CC) which are in close association with @entity1417 . We isolated two cDNAs encoding @entity45425 , SaPIN2a and SaPIN2b, from a S. americanum cDNA library using a @entity523 @entity45425 cDNA as hybridization probe. SaPIN2a shows 73.6% identity to SaPIN2b. Southern blot analysis confirmed that two genes occur in S. americanum. Northern blot analysis showed that both are wound-inducible and are expressed in flowers. Unlike SaPIN2b and other previously characterized plant @entity45425 proteins, SaPlN2a is abundantly expressed in stems. In situ hybridization studies on stem sections showed that SaPIN2a mRNA is expressed in CC and some @entity1417 , likely the immature developing @entity1417 . of external and internal phloem. Western blot analysis using SaPIN2a-specific antibodies showed SaPIN2a accumulation in stems, leaf midribs and fruits. Immunohistochemical localization, using these antibodies, revealed SaPIN2a expression in external and internal phloem of stem. Immunoelectron microscopy of stem, root and leaf sections further localized SaPIN2a to the CC and predominantly to the @entity1417 , particularly the parietal cytoplasm adjacent to the cell wall, the lumen and the sieve-area pores. These results suggest that, other than a possible role in plant defense, SaPIN2a could be involved in regulating proteolysis in the @entity1417 .

title: A XXXX of Solanum americanum is expressed in phloem.

entities_list: @entity1417 :: ('MESH:C565217', 'Disease') :: ['sieve elements', 'SE']

entities_list: @entity58530 :: ('544108(Tax:4081)', 'Gene') :: ['proteinase inhibitor II']

answer: @entity58530 :: (544108(Tax:4081),Gene) :: ['proteinase inhibitor II']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate the role of @entity3645 in @entity1560 reduction after vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). DESIGN AND METHODS: High fat diet (HFD)-induced @entity28 C57Bl/6 @entity19 were randomized to VSG, Sham operation (Sham), Sham operation with pair feeding to VSG (Sham-PF), or nonsurgical controls ( @entity4024  ve). All @entity19 were on HFD until sacrifice. @entity19 were observed postsurgery and data for body @entity1053 , metabolic parameters, serum @entity6741 level and composition were collected. Further hepatic gene expression by mRNA-seq and RT-PCR analysis was assessed. RESULTS: VSG and Sham-PF @entity19 lost equal weight postsurgery while VSG @entity19 had the lowest hepatic @entity412 content at sacrifice. The VSG @entity19 had elevated serum @entity6741 levels that positively correlated with maximal @entity353 . Serum bile composition in the VSG group had increased cholic and @entity13805 . These @entity6741 composition changes in VSG @entity19 explained observed downregulation of hepatic lipogenic and @entity6741 synthetic genes. CONCLUSION: VSG in @entity28 @entity19 results in greater @entity1560 reduction than seen with caloric restriction alone. VSG surgery increases serum @entity3645 that correlate with weight lost postsurgery and changes serum bile composition that could explain suppression of hepatic genes responsible for lipogenesis.

title: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy XXXX while increasing serum @entity3645 in a weight-loss-independent manner.

entities_list: @entity13805 :: ('MESH:C031655', 'Chemical') :: ['tauroursodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['weight, body composition']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['reduces hepatic steatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 has been proposed for the risk factor for @entity64 and @entity548 in @entity955 ( @entity955 ). The impact of changes in @entity8 over time and the relationship to @entity64 and @entity548 risk in these @entity1 remain unknown. We investigated sequential change in renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate, @entity470 ) and the risk for clinical events ( @entity64 , @entity204 and major @entity548 ) over time in a cohort of 617 @entity955 @entity1 followed up for 2 years. METHODS: @entity470 was estimated at baseline, 6 months and 12 months using three formulas (Modification of Diet in @entity8 equation, MDRD, @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration, CKD-EPI, and Cockcroft-Gault equation). Changes in @entity470 and the risk for clinical events were analysed by Cox models, receiver operating curves (ROC), and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: When @entity1 with @entity470 <=60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) were compared to @entity1 with @entity470 >60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), there was an increase over time in @entity64 or @entity204 , or @entity204 , with @entity8 (all p<0.05). An absolute decrease in @entity470 >= 15 ml/min/1.73 m(2) on Cockcroft-Gault and CKD-EPI and >= 25 ml/min/1.73 m(2) on MDRD were associated with an increased risk for @entity64 or @entity204 , @entity204 , and @entity64 at 6 months (all p<0.05), but not major @entity548 . A relative reduction (decline of >= 25%) in @entity470 was also an independent risk. ROC analysis showed that a relative reduction in @entity470 >= 25% at 6 months and 12 months modestly predicted the occurrence of @entity64 or @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity955 (c-indexes: 0.57 to 0.61, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity955 , an absolute decrease in @entity470 >= 15 ml/min/1.73 m(2) on Cockcroft-Gault and CKD-EPI, and >= 25 ml/min/1.73 m(2) on MDRD, or a relative reduction (>= 25%) in @entity470 , independently predicted the risk for the endpoints ' @entity64 or @entity204 ', ' @entity204 ' or (at 6 months) @entity64 . Deteriorating renal function increases the risk of @entity204 in @entity955 @entity1 .

title: Sequential changes in renal function and the risk of @entity64 and @entity204 in XXXX with @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'Renal Disease', 'Renal dysfunction', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several factors influence physicians' prescribing of antibiotics. The purpose of this study is to see whether physicians use diagnostic testing and prescribe antibiotics differently for @entity697 ( @entity697 ) and @entity5389 when they work within normal working hours and out-of-hours. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a retrospective study of electronic @entity1 records in a 6-month period, from 1.09.1998 to 31.3.1999. All journal notes from the out-of-hours services and the participating general practice clinics were examined. The following variables were recorded: diagnosis, @entity1 age and gender, use of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and StrepA testing and treatment. RESULTS: In the diagnosis of @entity697 , @entity1851 was used in 8 % of @entity1 cared for out-of-hours and 6 % of those treated during normal working hours. There was no significant difference between the proportion of @entity1 treated with antibiotics out-of-hours (74 %) and within normal working hours (73 %), but individual physicians differed significantly with respect to prescription of antibiotics and use of diagnostic tests. In the diagnosis of @entity5389 , either StrepA antigen test, @entity1851 , or both tests were used in 65 % of @entity1 cared for out-of-hours and in 50 % of those cared for during normal working hours. There was no significant difference in the proportion of @entity1 treated with antibiotics out-of-hours (76 %) or during normal working hours (69 %). INTERPRETATION: Individual physicians use diagnostic testing and prescribe antibiotics in a similar way within and out-of-hours, but there were significant differences between individual physicians.

title: [Is otitis and XXXX handled in the same way within normal working hours and out-of-hours?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'AOM']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity5389 :: (MESH:D014069,Disease) :: ['tonsillitis']


abstract: Between June 1987 and June 1989, 29 recurrent @entity11 or recurrent solitary brain metastases in 28 @entity1 were treated in a Phase I study of interstitial irradiation and @entity221 . @entity1 age ranged from 18 to 65 years, and the Karnofsky Performance Status scores ranged from 40 to 90%. There were 13 @entity463 , 10 @entity816 , 3 @entity320 , and 3 @entity420 . Catheters were implanted stereotactically after computed tomography-based preplanning. @entity221 was administered before and after brachytherapy, using one to six 2450- or 915-MHz helical coil microwave antennas and one to three multisensor fiberoptic thermometry probes. The goal was to heat as much of the @entity5 as possible to 42.5 degrees C for 30 minutes. Within 30 minutes after the first @entity221 treatment, implant catheters were afterloaded with high-activity @entity1496 -125 seeds delivering @entity5 doses of 32.6 to 61.0 Gy. Most @entity1 had no sensation of heating. Complications included @entity410 in 5 @entity1 , reversible neurological changes in 9 @entity1 , a scalp burn in 1, and infections in 3. Of 28 evaluable 2-month follow-up scans, 11 showed definite improvement in the radiological appearance of the @entity5 , 4 were slightly improved, 7 were stable, and 6 showed @entity5 progression. Ten @entity1 underwent reoperation for persistent @entity5 and/or @entity39 . Eleven of 28 @entity1 are alive 40 to 97 weeks after treatment. Thirteen @entity1 died of a @entity1313 , 2 died of extracranial @entity320 metastases, 1 died of new brain @entity320 metastases, and 1 died of a @entity358 . The median survival was 55 weeks overall. Median survival has not yet been reached for the @entity816 subgroup. We conclude that interstitial brain @entity221 using helical coil microwave antennas is technically feasible. The level of @entity137 is acceptable, and the computed tomographic response rate is encouraging.

title: Interstitial irradiation and XXXX for the treatment of recurrent @entity1313 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas', 'anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: Over two million pilgrims perform annual rituals in Makkah region, which when coincides with summer months, exposes them to outdoor temperatures exceeding 45    C and humidity approaching 80%. Accordingly, heat illnesses are common including explicit @entity64 and @entity9548 . No previous studies elaborated on electrocardiographic changes among this unique cohort. OBJECTIVE: To compare electrocardiographic changes in three groups exposed to high outdoor temperatures, namely, @entity1 with @entity64 compared to @entity1 with @entity9548 and a control group exposed to the same outdoor temperatures without clinical manifestations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Through case control design, two case groups of @entity1 were selected. The first group (G1) was 34 @entity1 admitted to the cooling units with clinical picture of @entity64 and the second group (G2) comprised 28 @entity1 admitted with @entity9548 . The control group (G3) included 31 @entity1 selected from relatives of @entity1 and outdoor workers. The outcome for comparison was 12-lead electrocardiographic changes done for all selected individuals. For (G1), the ECG was done while they were prepared for cooling or immediately when cooling was started. RESULTS: In G1, 18 were females and 16 males with ages of 20-76  years (59      11  years). Their heart rates ranged from 64 to 160 beats per minute (mean 120      24 per minute). Only 5/34 ECGs were completely normal. @entity7129 was present in 27/34 @entity1 (79%), with @entity63 changes in 9/34 ECGs. In G2, 24 were males and four females with ages of 25-80 (mean 47      15  years), the heart rate ranged from 64 to 170 per minute (mean 97      16 per minute). Seven out of 28 ECGs were normal (25%) while 21/28 had some abnormalities. None had @entity63 changes. Control group (G3), was five females and 26 males ages 18-80  years (mean 38      15  years), 22/31 had normal ECGs (71%). All had normal sinus rhythm, 56-98 beats per minute (74      11). Nine @entity1 had some electrocardiographic abnormalities but none had @entity63 changes. CONCLUSION: We conclude that electrocardiographic abnormalities occur with a high frequency in @entity1 with @entity64 and @entity9548 , with @entity7129 and @entity63 changes occurring more frequently in @entity1 with @entity64 .

title: Electrocardiographic findings in XXXX and exhaustion: A study on Makkah pilgrims.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['heat stroke', 'heat strokes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity9548 :: ('MESH:D006359', 'Disease') :: ['heat exhaustion']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['Sinus tachycardia', 'sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['heat stroke']


abstract: In this case report we describe a @entity1 with @entity2876 who underwent a Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy at six weeks of age. Beginning several weeks post-op, he had recurrent @entity255 inadequately controlled by various antibiotic prophylaxis regimens. Imaging revealed the development of several bile lakes in the liver hilum. Due to the recurrent nature of his @entity255 , and some evidence of acutely impaired biliary drainage, he underwent a refashioning of his portoenterostomy with resultant improved drainage. However, shortly thereafter, the @entity1 developed ongoing @entity221 and @entity417 . Culture of the bile lake aspirate grew multiresistant @entity4005 and a 6 week course of parenteral meropenume controlled his @entity221 and his @entity417 improved. Following treatment cessation his @entity221 and @entity417 returned. A biliary drain was inserted into his larger bile lake and following another course of parenteral antibiotics he has remained free of clinically detected @entity255 despite ongoing contamination of drained bile fluid. The development of bile lakes after Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy is not an uncommon finding. This have been associated with worse prognosis including increased incidence of @entity255 . Often, conservative treatment with prophylactic antibiotics suffices, however, in rare cases, more aggressive intervention may be considered including percutaneous bile drainage or surgical management. The benefit of these management strategies must be balanced with the potential gain regarding quality of life and delaying transplant, on an individual basis.

title: [Bile lake post kasai hepatoportoenterostomy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: AIMS: To compare the outcome of hospital survivors with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) discharged from a community hospital (Invercargill hospital) versus from a tertiary teaching (Dunedin) hospital followed for up to 5 years. METHODS: All @entity1187 survivors discharged from Dunedin and Invercargill coronary care units between the years 2000-2002 were included. We previously found higher 1-year mortality for Invercargill @entity1 but the explanation was unclear. RESULTS: Of the 844 @entity1 admitted to Dunedin and 299 admitted to Invercargill hospital, 1057 survived the index @entity1187 episode and formed the cohort for the current study. At 2 years, the mortality of these initial survivors was 8.5% higher for Invercargill @entity1 (18.4% vs 9.9%, p<0.001). Over up to 5 years of follow-up, comparing Invercargill @entity1 to Dunedin @entity1 , the unadjusted hazard ratio for mortality was 1.26 (95%CI: 0.90-1.75). After adjusting to the hospital discharge GRACE score (119+/-40 for Dunedin @entity1 and 130+/-40 for Invercargill @entity1 , p=0.001), this dropped to 1.12 (95%CI: 0.80-1.57). After further adjusting to the discharge medications @entity117 (97% vs 98%) and ACE-inhibitors (53% vs 49%), this was 1.14 (95%CI 0.81-1.59). After further adjusting to the use of beta-blockers (78% vs 71%), this was 1.07 (95%CI: 0.76-1.50). After final adjustment for the use of statins (65% vs 42%), this was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.68-1.36). CONCLUSION: @entity1 discharged from Invercargill hospital fare worse over the first 2-years and tended to fare worse over the first 5-years. This was due both to their higher baseline risk at discharge and the under-use of statins. Of note, PHARMAC rules for statins only changed around the end of the study period allowing more liberal use of statins.

title: Survival over 5 years in the initial hospital survivors with XXXX : a comparison between a community hospital and a tertiary hospital in New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our review addresses the various system abnormalities associated with @entity7891 and revisits the question of gender assignment. Gender assignment decisions and psychological aspects of gender issues have become the "ultimate challenge." Exploration of gender identity, gender role behavior and sexual orientation has just begun. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was performed with all world literature regarding the current management of @entity7891 . Research focused on management principles, outcomes and documentation of concurrent anomalies. We also describe original research evaluating gender identity in our own series of @entity1 raised as @entity1 to illustrate the challenge of treatment and augment the available literature, which is scant. RESULTS: Abnormalities of the vertebral column ranged from @entity24148 to myelomeningocele. With magnetic resonance imaging, the incidence of @entity3570 approached 100% and cord tethering was also more frequently recognized. For @entity1 with the @entity5277 , advances in antibiotic usage, and parenteral and enteral nutrition have increased the survival rate and reduced morbidity. A neurological component has been recognized for bladder function, @entity1494 continence, lower extremity function and erectile capacity. Mitrofanoff-type reconstruction with @entity1494 closure and continent catheterizable stoma dramatically increased continence. Diminutive or absent penis has been documented in 30% of males, and no documentation of paternity exists. The majority of females have bicornuate uterus. However, ovaries and tubes were generally normal. No reports of proven fertility exist. CONCLUSIONS: The strategy and timing of surgery relating to gender assignment remain controversial. A desperate need exists for research focusing on gender development and quality of life. Until that time, a cautious watchful approach may be most appropriate as our @entity1 with @entity7891 mature into adulthood.

title: The ultimate challenge of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spinal dysraphism']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity7891 :: ('MESH:D001746', 'Disease') :: ['cloacal exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity24148 :: ('MESH:C535881', 'Disease') :: ['hemivertebra']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity7891 :: (MESH:D001746,Disease) :: ['cloacal exstrophy']


abstract: Acne affects as many as 50 million individuals in the United States. Topical therapy combining a @entity554 and an antibiotic is recommended as a first-line therapeutic option for mild to moderately severe acne. Although treatment for extended durations may be required, little long-term safety data on these combination therapies are available. This report summarizes the long-term safety and tolerability of a novel combination product for the treatment of @entity5477 in @entity1 12 years and older. The combination treatment is a gel formulation containing a crystalline suspension of @entity10758 1.2%-tretinoin 0.025% (CLIN/RA). Two cohorts participated in a long-term (up to 52 weeks), multicenter, open-label, safety evaluation of CLIN/RA. Treatment duration was 6 months for the first cohort (N = 442) and 12 months for the second cohort (N = 213). Overall, the CLIN/RA gel was well-tolerated; 92%, 91%, and 94% of @entity1 reported no itching, burning, or stinging, respectively. The most frequent adverse events were acne (29/442; 7% [usually a flare]), sunburn (12/442; 3%), @entity56 (7/442; 2%), @entity5526 (5/442; 1%), and application-site desquamation (3/442; 1%). These results confirm the safety of CLIN/RA gel for mild to moderately severe acne. The CLIN/RA gel fixed-dose combination provided minimal adverse events and a favorable safety profile for 2 agents with established efficacy for the treatment of @entity5477 .

title: Safety of a novel gel formulation of XXXX 1.2%-tretinoin 0.025%: results from a 52-week open-label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity10758 :: ('MESH:C007084', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin phosphate']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity10758 :: (MESH:C007084,Chemical) :: ['clindamycin phosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multimodality therapy for @entity418 holds promise for improving outcome in this lethal disease. On the basis of encouraging data from a phase I trial, we conducted a phase II study of preoperative chemotherapy, followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and surgery. METHODS: @entity1 with clinically staged resectable @entity418 were treated with induction @entity900 and @entity1311 , followed by 45 Gy of external beam radiation with concurrent infusional @entity1487 and weekly @entity900 and @entity1311 . Four to eight weeks after multimodality induction, esophagectomy was performed in suitable @entity1 . Study end points were survival, pathologic complete response, and @entity137 . RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 were enrolled with a median age of 58 years, and all @entity1 were clinically staged II or III. Sixteen (76.2%) @entity1 completed the trial, of whom four (25%) had a pathologic complete response. One @entity1 died from @entity260 . Grade 3 or 4 @entity137 was observed in 76% of @entity1 , and dose-limiting @entity137 was seen in 6 of the first 14 @entity1 , thus necessitating a planned dose reduction of @entity1311 . At a median follow-up of 30 months, 13 @entity1 remain alive. The 2-year disease-specific survival for the study population was 78%. CONCLUSIONS: This regimen of multimodality therapy before resection resulted in an encouraging 2-year survival rate but a disappointing rate of pathologic complete response and was toxic, necessitating a predetermined @entity1311 dose reduction. The incorporation of @entity6023 into induction strategies for @entity418 seems promising, but the optimal schedule remains undefined.

title: Induction @entity900 and @entity1311 followed by combination chemoradiotherapy with @entity1487 , @entity900 , and XXXX before resection in localized @entity418 : a phase II report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the difference between @entity51 in subjects with left versus right hemispheric lesions at baseline and after bilateral arm training. DESIGN: A one-way ANOVA was used to detect group differences and a least square means analysis used to determine significance in pre-to-post scores for each group. SETTING: Testing was in the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Department Research Laboratory, University of Maryland, Baltimore. Training was at the Senior Exercise Rehabilitation Center in the Veterans Administration Hospital, Baltimore. SUBJECTS: Twenty-two (11 left @entity66 , 11 right @entity66 ) right-handed subjects with @entity64 . INTERVENTIONS: A six-week nonprogressive repetitive bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing (BATRAC). MAIN MEASURES: Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Test, Wolf Motor Arm Test, University of Maryland Arm Questionnaire for @entity64 (UMAQS), isometric strength and active and passive range of motion for both sides. RESULTS: No statistical differences were seen at baseline between groups in this sample. Both groups demonstrated improvement after BATRAC in Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Test (change scores of those with left lesions = 5.5; right lesions = 3.6) and UMAQS (change scores of those with left lesions = 5 and right lesions = 2.9). Additionally, @entity1 with @entity66 but not right lesions made improvements in the Wolf Motor Arm Test (time and weight), in strength measures of paretic elbow flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder abduction and nonparetic wrist flexion, wrist extension and shoulder abduction. CONCLUSIONS: There were no baseline motor function differences between those with left and right hemispheric lesions in this sample. There was a clear training response advantage for @entity1 with @entity66 after completing six weeks of bilateral arm training. As a result, treatment approaches for upper @entity1269 may need to be more specifically selected based on side of @entity64 .

title: Hand dominance and side of @entity64 affect rehabilitation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['left hemispheric lesions', 'hemispheric lesion']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['extremity hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity deficits']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity571 is the most prevalent @entity2720 and a common cause of @entity158 , functional loss, and disability. Conventional treatments demonstrate only modest clinical benefits without lesion reversal. Autologous mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) treatments have shown feasibility, safety, and strong indications for clinical efficacy. We performed a randomized, active control trial to assess the feasibility and safety of treating @entity571 with allogeneic MSCs, and we obtain information regarding the efficacy of this treatment. METHODS: We randomized 30 @entity1 with chronic @entity158 unresponsive to conservative treatments and showing radiological evidence of @entity571 into 2 groups of 15 @entity1 . The test group was treated with allogeneic bone marrow MSCs by intra-articular injection of 40 * 10 cells. The control group received intra-articular hyaluronic acid (60 mg, single dose). Clinical outcomes were followed for 1 year and included evaluations of @entity158 , disability, and quality of life. Articular cartilage quality was assessed by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging T2 mapping. RESULTS: Feasibility and safety were confirmed and indications of clinical efficacy were identified. The MSC-treated @entity1 displayed significant improvement in algofunctional indices versus the active controls treated with hyaluronic acid. Quantification of cartilage quality by T2 relaxation measurements showed a significant decrease in poor cartilage areas, with cartilage quality improvements in MSC-treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Allogeneic MSC therapy may be a valid alternative for the treatment of @entity626 that is more logistically convenient than autologous MSC treatment. The intervention is simple, does not require surgery, provides @entity158 relief, and significantly improves cartilage quality.

title: Treatment of XXXX With Allogeneic Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['chronic knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['joint pain', 'pain', 'knee pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disease']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['Knee Osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors have previously shown that a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ), also known as @entity1590 , when administered systemically inhibits experimental @entity2553 in a @entity35 femoral artery model, suggesting that @entity1590 and leukocyte-endothelial adhesion play a crucial role in the molecular chain of events leading to posthemorrhagic @entity2553 . In this report the authors confirm this hypothesis with mAbs directed against @entity19466 ([ @entity19466 ] CD11a/ @entity11265 ), the molecule on the surface of leukocytes that interacts with @entity1590 . METHODS: Femoral arteries in 38 @entity35 were isolated and exposed to autologous blood. Twenty-nine animals were then randomized into three groups and received intraperitoneal injections of anti- @entity19466 mAb (10 rats), anti- @entity1590 mAb (10 @entity35 ), or an isotype-matched control mAb (nine @entity35 ). Injections were administered at 3 hours and 3, 6, and 9 days after surgery. Before their deaths, six animals underwent spleen harvest, and splenocytes were used in fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis to verify saturation of appropriate binding sites. Animals were killed at 12 days and vessels were harvested for histological study and measurement of the luminal cross-sectional area. Nine animals were randomized as earlier, killed 24 hours after a single injection of mAb, and evaluated for periadventitial infiltration of granulocytes and macrophages. Results of FACS analysis demonstrated saturation of both @entity19466 and @entity1590 binding sites in animals treated with the respective mAb. The mean ratios of blood-exposed to saline-exposed luminal cross-sectional areas (expressed as the percentage of lumen patency) were 90.1 +/- 5.8% (mean +/- standard error of the mean) for animals treated with the anti- @entity19466 mAb (p = 0.0218), 94.2 +/- 3.3% for animals treated with the anti- @entity1590 mAb (p = 0.0067), and 62 +/- 7.4% for animals treated with the isotype-matched control mAb. Macrophage and granulocyte counts in the periadventitial region were 39.5 +/- 3.2/hpf for animals treated with anti- @entity19466 mAb (p = 0.001), 42 +/- 3.7/hpf for animals treated with anti- @entity1590 mAb (p = 0.003), and 72.2 +/- 6.2/hpf for control animals. CONCLUSIONS: The systemic administration of anti- @entity19466 or anti- @entity1590 mAb initiated 3 hours after exposure to autologous blood inhibits the development of delayed chronic @entity2553 at 12 days in a @entity35 femoral artery model and leads to a significant reduction in periadventitial inflammatory cells at 24 hours. The authors conclude that blocking the migration of inflammatory cells across the endothelial surface of an artery after adventitial exposure to blood prevents the initiation of biological cascades necessary for the subsequent development of chronic @entity2553 .

title: Inhibition of XXXX with @entity19466 monoclonal antibody in a femoral artery model in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity19466 :: ('308995(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['LFA-1', 'lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1', 'CD54']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['vasospasm']


abstract: 1. Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) have been considered deleterious to cell function and there is good evidence to suggest that they play a role in the pathophysiology of a number of @entity299 states. However, ROS are also now being recognized as important regulators of cell function by altering the redox state of proteins. 2. Possible sources of production of ROS in cardiac myocytes are the mitochondria and @entity1110 -oxidase. The generation of ROS and anti-oxidant defence mechanisms in the heart are discussed. 3. The evidence for a role for ROS in the development of disease states, such as @entity731 , ischaemia, @entity1283 and @entity101 , is presented. It is now recognized that cardiac ion channel function is regulated by ROS. Implications with respect to @entity943 are discussed.

title: Reactive XXXX species in cardiac signalling: from mitochondria to plasma membrane ion channels.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Gaseous @entity11540 (EO) is genotoxic in a wide variety of biological systems and carcinogenic in @entity35 and @entity19 . The major product of EO reaction with DNA is @entity62575 . In the organism, EO originates through biotransformation of @entity1786 . @entity1786 in higher plants has been found to be a key factor in the control of a number of developmental processes including senescence, abscission and ripening. @entity11540 can participate in the transition of @entity7391 bases from C to T or U and from U to C. Thus, EO may provide a key approach to the study of DNA and RNA evolution. The studies here suggest a role for EO in modulating multiple messenger pathways in DNA and RNA functions. Perhaps surprisingly, it exerts two quite different activities, expressed in diverse cells. On the one hand, EO causes mutagenesis and carcinogenesis if available in excess. On the other, at low concentrations it can mediate repair of DNA at replication and RNA at transcription and translation. The report provides substantial evidence that EO can also play a very important role in the DNA and RNA evolution of whole biological systems. This important effect of EO needs to be understood more completely.

title: XXXX as a major factor in DNA and RNA evolution.

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethylene oxide', 'ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity62575 :: ('MESH:C035018', 'Chemical') :: ['7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene', 'Ethylene']

answer: @entity11540 :: (MESH:D005027,Chemical) :: ['Ethylene oxide']


abstract: Transient @entity2806 leads to irreversible translational inhibition which has been considered as a hallmark of delayed @entity528 after @entity63 . This study utilized a @entity35 transient @entity2806 model to investigate whether irreversible translational inhibition is due to abnormal aggregation of translational complex, i.e. the ribosomes and their associated nascent polypeptides, initiation factors, translational chaperones and degradation enzymes after @entity63 . Translational @entity1423 was studied by electron microscopy, as well as by biochemical analyses. A duration of 15 or 20 min of @entity2806 induced severe translational @entity1423 starting from 30 min of reperfusion and lasting until the onset of delayed @entity528 at 48 h of reperfusion. Under electron microscopy, most rosette-shaped polyribosomes were relatively evenly distributed in the cytoplasm of sham-operated control neurons. After @entity63 , most ribosomes were clumped into large abnormal aggregates in neurons destined to die. Translational complex components consisting of small ribosomal subunit protein 6, large subunit protein 28, eukaryotic initiation factor-3eta, co-translational chaperone heat shock cognate protein 70 and co-chaperone HSP40-Hdj1, as well as co-translational ubiquitin ligase c-terminus of hsp70-interacting protein were all irreversibly clumped into large abnormal protein aggregates after @entity63 . Translational components were also highly ubiquitinated. To our knowledge, irreversible aggregation of translational components has not been reported after @entity2806 . This study clearly indicates that @entity63 damages co-translational chaperone and degradation machinery, resulting in irreversible destruction of protein synthesis machinery by @entity6960 after @entity63 .

title: Co-translational @entity6960 after transient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['complex aggregation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6960 :: ('MESH:D001796', 'Disease') :: ['protein aggregation']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: The pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) constitutes the upper portion of the @entity3521 and is located at the top of the nasopharynx, next to the auditory tube and choana. It plays an important role in recurrent @entity2346 of the middle ear and many times its enlargement is responsible for @entity1224 . Tonsillectomy is often the treatment of choice for @entity66 . So far, it is the most frequent and one of the oldest surgical procedures performed in @entity1 and young adults. The criteria for tonsillectomy, its effect on @entity1 's immunological integrity and the surgical risks are widely controversial. Image study using paranasal sinuses x-ray is a very simple, easy and comfortable method to evaluate the sizes of adenoids and the grade of @entity1224 . Cohen et al. supported that paranasal sinuses x-ray is the best way to determine pharyngeal tonsil @entity1184 . On the other hand, nasopharyngolaryngoscopy can provide more accurate data on the nasopharynx, as it can dynamically reveal its structures and the obstruction status of the upper airway. This study compared the grade of @entity1184 , as well as @entity1224 , using the above-mentioned approaches in @entity1 ranging from 3 to 10 years old. The study came to the conclusion that nasopharyngolaryngoscopy is a much more accurate diagnostic procedure than radiological evaluation of the nasopharynx.

title: Comparison between radiological and nasopharyngolaryngoscopic assessment of adenoid tissue volume in mouth breathing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillar diseases']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3521 :: ('MESH:D012303', 'Disease') :: ["Waldeyer's ring"]

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) has been postulated to involve @entity528 in large-scale neural networks, including cortico-cortical interhemispheric circuitry. In the context of @entity72 , alterations in both peripheral and central auditory processes have also attracted a great deal of interest because these changes appear to represent pathophysiological processes; therefore, many prior studies have focused on atypical auditory responses in @entity72 . The auditory evoked field (AEF), recorded by magnetoencephalography, and the synchronization of these processes between right and left hemispheres was recently suggested to reflect various cognitive abilities in @entity1 . However, to date, no previous study has focused on AEF synchronization in @entity72 subjects. To assess global coordination across spatially distributed brain regions, the analysis of Omega complexity from multichannel neurophysiological data was proposed. Using Omega complexity analysis, we investigated the global coordination of AEFs in 3-8-year-old @entity245 ( @entity245 ) @entity1 (n = 50) and @entity1 with @entity72 (n = 50) in 50-ms time-windows. @entity1 with @entity72 displayed significantly higher Omega complexities compared with @entity245 @entity1 in the time-window of 0-50 ms, suggesting lower whole brain synchronization in the early stage of the P1m component. When we analyzed the left and right hemispheres separately, no significant differences in any time-windows were observed. These results suggest lower right-left hemispheric synchronization in @entity1 with @entity72 compared with @entity245 @entity1 . Our study provides new evidence of aberrant neural synchronization in young @entity1 with @entity72 by investigating auditory evoked neural responses to the @entity1 voice.

title: Atypical Bilateral Brain Synchronization in the Early Stage of @entity1 Voice Auditory Processing in Young XXXX with Autism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'Autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'typically developing']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['impaired neuronal cooperation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Antibioprophylaxis has been proven to be efficient for some orthopaedic procedures. However, its efficacy for clean limited procedures with metallic implants is not clear. One hundred twenty-two closed @entity1171 @entity1 undergoing open reduction and internal fixation were randomized, double-blindly, to receive either @entity5821 (1 g i.v. every 6 h x four doses) or a placebo starting before tourniquet application. Mean trauma-surgery delay was 30.2 h, and average tourniquet duration was 65.4 min. Four @entity1 (three of 62 on placebo and one of 60 on @entity5821 ) developed a @entity2737 . One of the @entity1 in the placebo group was hospitalized and treated with i.v. antibiotics. However, there was no @entity4034 or @entity3465 hardware removal. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (chi 2 test of appreciation p = 0.33, two-tailed probabilities). Therefore, @entity5821 prophylaxis does not seem justified in this @entity1 population. A larger series is needed to avoid a type II error.

title: Double-blind randomized prospective study of the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for open reduction and internal fixation of closed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['superficial wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: The active type of @entity48401 ) activates various cell-types through @entity23451 ( @entity23451 ). We previously reported that a factor Xa inhibitor could suppress @entity3512 @entity1310 . Considering that fibrin deposition is observed in @entity2316 as well as in @entity631 , this study examined the roles of the coagulation pathway and factor Xa in the development of @entity2316 using type 2 @entity6 model @entity19 . @entity6 (db/db) and normoglycemic (m+/m+) @entity19 were immunohistochemically evaluated for their expression/deposition of @entity23451 , transforming growth factor (TGF)-b, fibrin, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and @entity5231 at week 20. Significantly greater numbers of @entity23451 -positive cells and larger amounts of fibronectin, and collagen IV depositions were observed in the glomeruli of db/db @entity19 than those in m+/m+ @entity19 . Next, expression of @entity23451 versus deposition of collagen IV and fibronectin was compared between week 20 and week 30, and the number of @entity23451 -positive cells in the glomeruli decreased in contrast with the increased accumulation of ECM proteins. In an intervention study, fondaparinux, a factor Xa inhibitor, was subcutaneously administered for ten weeks from week 10 to 20. @entity27408 treatment significantly suppressed urinary protein, @entity8 , fibrin deposition, expression of connective tissue growth factor, and ECM proteins deposition together with @entity5231 -positive capillaries. These results suggest that coagulation pathway and glomerular @entity23451 expression are upregulated in the early phase of @entity6 , together with the increase of profibrotic cytokines expression, ECM proteins deposition and CD-31-positive vessels. Factor Xa inhibition may ameliorate @entity8 and ECM accumulation in @entity2316 .

title: Roles of coagulation pathway and factor Xa in the progression of XXXX in db/db @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular hypertrophy', 'glomerular neoangiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity27408 :: ('MESH:C438268', 'Chemical') :: ['Fondaparinux']

entities_list: @entity23451 :: ('14063(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['protease-activated receptor 2', 'PAR2']

entities_list: @entity48401 :: ('14058(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['coagulation factor X (factor Xa']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The hepatic resection for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with @entity5 thrombus (PVTT) which is not uncommon at clinic continues to be debated. Our study introduced a novel classification of @entity157 with PVTT and compared the outcomes of surgical treatment between different groups. METHODS: From January 2008 to December 2012, a total of 56 cases of @entity157 with PVTT underwent liver resection combined with thrombectomy. Clinical pathological features and surgical data of these @entity1 were retrospectively studied. The @entity1 were divided into two groups. Cumulative overall and disease-free survival curves of the @entity1 were compared according to different groups. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 (28.6%) belonging to group A were compared to 40 @entity1 (71.4%) belonging to group B. The rates of capsular formation and @entity5 number showed differences between the two groups (P   =   0.047, P   =   0.032). Group A had more @entity1575 than group B (P   =   0.047). The @entity1 with large @entity190 (>= 1,000) were more in group A, as well. There was no significant difference in complications between the two groups except the @entity843 (P   =   0.028). The 1-year overall survival rate of group A after liver resection was 31.5%. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates of group B were 62.3%, 16.1%, and 5.2%, respectively. For further study, group B had significantly better overall survival than group A (P   =   0.033). Group A had significantly higher incidence of recurrence than group B (P   =   0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Liver resection combined with thrombectomy for @entity157 with PVTT can get better outcome in the @entity157 @entity1 with PVTT involving only one branch (left/right) of portal vein (group B) compared to @entity1 with PVTT involving the main portal vein trunk or both the left and right portal veins (group A).

title: Surgical treatment for @entity157 with XXXX thrombus: a novel classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'portal vein tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['portal vein tumor']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Clinical guidelines recommend @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) in cases of metastatic sentinel lymph node (SNL) in @entity1 with clinically node-negative early @entity0 . However, a relevant number of @entity1600 could be avoided in a subset of @entity1 in whom the risk of non-SNL @entity3 is low. In order to define this population, several authors have proposed mathematical models, which have been validated in many studies. These studies reached different conclusions regarding which model demonstrated the best statistical discrimination power, mainly due to differences in clinical and pathologic variables used, and particularly differences in the number of dissected SLNs. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinically node-negative @entity1 who underwent @entity1600 in our surgical ward after the diagnosis of @entity0 @entity3 on @entity4298 biopsy from January 2000 to December 2012. The predictive accuracy of the widely used nomograms to predict the risk of additional nodal disease in our @entity1 with @entity4298 @entity0 @entity3 was measured by receiver operating characteristic curve. We then attempted to develop a new nomogram by analyzing the dataset. RESULTS: A total of 105 @entity1 were included in this study, with ratio of metastatic lymph node/removed lymph node of about 0.89; we found axillary nodal @entity3 on @entity1600 in only 31 @entity1 (29.5%). Applied to our dataset, Mayo nomogram showed the best area under the receiving operator characteristic curve (0.74) followed by our model (0.71). Instead, the Memorial Sloan-Kettering model showed poor discrimination, as did Tenon (0.56). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our data, we cannot recommend the clinical use of validated predictive nomograms in order to avoid @entity1600 . We suggest setting up a multicenter Italian study to build a model specific to our setting and based on larger series.

title: Axillary nodal XXXX in Italian early @entity0 @entity1 with positive sentinel lymph node: can axillary node dissection be avoided by using predictive nomograms?

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node dissection', 'ALND']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess efficacy of bevacizumab in combination with oral chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity0 with lymphangitic spread to the chest wall (LBC). To identify surrogate biomarkers of response to bevacizumab. @entity1 AND METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity1 to receive bevacizumab plus either sequential or concurrent oral @entity1206 and @entity416 every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ); the response rate and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were secondary endpoints. We performed gene expression profiling on baseline tissue samples collected from triple negative LBC. We assessed circulating endothelial cells (CEC), @entity12464 ( @entity12464 ) and circulating pericyte progenitors (CPP). RESULTS: A total of 66 @entity1 were enrolled. There was no difference in @entity1054 (median @entity1054 5.3 vs. 4.8 months, p  =  0.21) and in @entity1349 (median @entity1349 15.8 vs 11.9 months; p  =  0.25) when comparing concurrent vs sequential treatment, respectively. Response rate was 25% vs 28% in the concurrent vs sequential arm (p  =  1.00), respectively. A set of 16 genes predictive of response to bevacizumab was identified. The counts of CEPs and viable CECs below the median value were associated with an improved @entity1349 : 26.6 vs 9.5 months for CEPs and 22.6 vs 11.0 months for viable CECs, respectively (p  =  0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Oral chemotherapy and bevacizumab (BEVIX) is an active regimen in @entity1 with LBC. We support the importance of using LBC as a biological model for investigating angiogenesis inhibitors. CECs and CEPs biomarkers have been identified as predictive markers of outcome and warrant further investigation.

title: Antiangiogenic therapy in recurrent XXXX with lymphangitic spread to the chest wall: A randomized phase II trial of bevacizumab with sequential or concurrent oral @entity1206 and @entity416 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity12464 :: ('MESH:D009360', 'Disease') :: ['circulating endothelial progenitors', 'CEP']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to ultimate progression']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Micelle formation of @entity165 with lecithin and @entity3645 is a key process for intestinal absorption of lipids. Some dietary fibers commonly used to reduce the lipid content in the body are thought to inhibit lipid absorption by binding to @entity3645 and decreasing the lipid solubility. Amongst these, a-cyclodextrin (a- @entity1050 ) is reportedly one of the most powerful dietary fibers for decreasing blood @entity165 . However, it is difficult to believe that a- @entity1050 directly removes @entity165 because it has a very low affinity for @entity165 and its mechanism of action is less well understood than those of other dietary fibers. To identify this mechanism, we investigated the interaction of a- @entity1050 with lecithin and @entity3645 , which are essential components for the dissolution of @entity165 in the small intestine, and the effect of a- @entity1050 on micellar solubility of @entity165 . RESULTS: a- @entity1050 was added to Fed-State Simulated Intestinal Fluid (FeSSIF), and precipitation of a white solid was observed. Analytical data showed that the precipitate was a lecithin and a- @entity1050 complex with a molar ratio of 1:4 or 1:5. The micellar solubility of @entity165 in the mixture of FeSSIF and a- @entity1050 was investigated, and found to decrease through lecithin precipitation caused by the addition of a- @entity1050 , in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, each of several other water-soluble dietary fibers was added to the FeSSIF, and no precipitate was generated. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a- @entity1050 decreases the micellar solubility of @entity165 in the lumen of the small intestine via the precipitation of lecithin from @entity6741 micelles by complex formation with a- @entity1050 . It further indicates that the lecithin precipitation effect on the bile salt micelles by a- @entity1050 addition clearly differs from addition of other water-soluble dietary fibers. The decrease in micellar @entity165 solubility in the FeSSIF was the strongest with a- @entity1050 addition.

title: A study on the inhibitory mechanism for XXXX absorption by a-cyclodextrin administration.

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: @entity294 ( @entity294 ) in @entity1707 is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. The current practice of using antibiotics and zinc to treat @entity294 is unsustainable due to the potential of antibiotic resistance and ecological disturbance, and novel methods are required. In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. Soluble fiber was successfully produced from @entity415 pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified @entity415 fiber were used as controls. The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified @entity415 fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. For animal studies, a dosage corresponding to the 5-g/liter treatment is suggested.

title: In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of XXXX galacto-rhamnogalacturonan.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Postweaning diarrhea', 'PWD']

answer: @entity415 :: (4113,Species) :: ['potato']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity13865 ( @entity13865 ) is a cause of @entity1187 , often occurring in young @entity1 . The utility of comprehensive imaging and clinical significance of @entity455 have yet to be determined. We hypothesized that @entity455 ( @entity455 ) are common in @entity13865 and aimed to study the prevalence and distribution of these findings. We enrolled 115 @entity1 with confirmed @entity13865 who were evaluated at the Mayo Clinic @entity13865 Clinic from February 2010 to May 2014 and prospectively underwent comprehensive computed tomography angiography imaging of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis ( @entity13865 computed tomography angiography protocol, n  =  95) or had retrospective review of outside studies (n  = 20) including head imaging (n  =  40). Follow-up was determined by last clinical visit or study correspondence and included review of recurrent @entity13865 or @entity583 , @entity712 , and @entity204 . We reported @entity455 in 66% of @entity1 with @entity13865 , most frequently in the abdomen (36%), pelvis (28%), and neck (27%). Only 1 @entity1 had EVA in the chest (aortic dissection and Marfan's). @entity4267 ( @entity4267 ) (exclusively multifocal) was the most common type of EVA (45%). @entity455 in those with head imaging included @entity438 (n = 9) and @entity4267 (n = 3). There were no deaths at median follow-up of 21  months (Q1 to Q3 7.7 to 55). The presence of @entity4267 was not associated with @entity13865 recurrence (relative risk [RR] 1.2; confidence interval [95% CI] 0.60, 2.5), @entity712 (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.20, 2.3), or @entity583 ( @entity4736 .34; 95% CI 0.69, 2.6). In conclusion, @entity455 including @entity4267 , dissections, @entity439 , and dilation are common in @entity1 with @entity13865 and occur in a wide anatomic distribution. The presence of @entity455 and/or @entity4267 did not correlate with the risk of subsequent clinical events, but future studies with increased power and longer follow-up will be important to further assess the role of @entity455 in @entity1 with @entity13865 .

title: Prevalence of @entity455 and @entity4267 in XXXX With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['extracoronary vascular abnormalities', 'Vascular abnormalities', 'detected vascular abnormalities', 'EVAs']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4267 :: ('MESH:D005352', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromuscular dysplasia', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity13865 :: ('MESH:C565153', 'Disease') :: ['SCAD', 'Spontaneous coronary artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to identify factors that contributed to delays in presentation of @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) at the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprised @entity1 presenting with the signs and symptoms of @entity1187 at the @entity341 of 5 government and restructured hospitals in Singapore from 1 April to 31 May 1999. These @entity1 were interviewed with a structured questionnaire which explored @entity1 demographic data, risk factors, prehospital symptomatology, timing of @entity662 , @entity1 response to @entity662 and mode of transport to the hospital. RESULTS: Three hundred and two @entity1 who made 307 visits were recruited. More than three-quarters of the @entity1 presented with central or left-sided @entity662 . Forty-seven per cent had @entity1353 and 42% had sweating. The commonest day of presentation was Monday. It took @entity1 a median time of 2.1 hours from their worst @entity662 to arrive at the @entity341 . Past history of @entity6 was associated with a longer delay in presentation. Most of the delay was due to @entity1 awaiting symptom resolution. Forty per cent came by emergency ambulances to hospital. CONCLUSION: Our findings identified various @entity1 characteristics that contributed to delay in presentation to hospital which should be addressed in future education campaigns.

title: XXXX --factors causing delayed presentation at the @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['Acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: The effect of treatment with a monoclonal antibody against the @entity404 antigen present on T helper cells was studied in 10 @entity1 with severe intractable @entity309 . In an open trial, monoclonal antibody 16H5 was infused at a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg of body weight on 7 consecutive days. Studies of the kinetics demonstrated a drastic depletion of @entity404 + cells, to as low as 25 cells/microliters, 1 hour after the first infusion. The subsequent recovery of the @entity404 + cell numbers 24 hours after infusion did not reach initial levels, and after the full 7-day treatment cycle there was a significant reduction of the number of @entity404 + cells (mean +/- SD 51 +/- 28%; P less than 0.02). There was a reduced or even inverse @entity404 : @entity405 ratio, which generally persisted 3-4 weeks. Lymphocyte transformation assays demonstrated significantly reduced reactivity in 5 of the 9 @entity1 who completed the 7-day course, whereas 4 individuals exhibited an unexpected elevation in the T cell response to mitogens and common antigens. Parallel laboratory studies showed a significant decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P less than 0.05), rheumatoid factor titer (P less than 0.04), and total immunoglobulin values (P less than 0.01), as well as a reduction in C-reactive protein levels, in 7 of the 9 @entity1 . Clinically, there was a significant reduction in the Ritchie articular index (P less than 0.05) and in the number of swollen joints (P less than 0.04). Adverse effects were @entity110 in 2 @entity1 , which led to withdrawal of therapy in 1 of them, and chills with fever, suggestive of a @entity59701 , in another 2 @entity1 . Only low levels of human anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibodies developed (not exceeding 1.7 mg/liter). It was therefore possible to repeat the treatment cycle, achieving still better efficacy, in 4 of the @entity1 (reductions in the Ritchie index and the number of swollen joints P less than 0.02). Our findings indicate that treatment with monoclonal antibodies against the @entity404 antigen leads to immunomodulation which results in clinical benefits, at least during initial observation periods (up to 6 months postinfusion). However, it remains to be determined whether long-term remission can be induced with this therapeutic approach. The use of immunosuppressive therapies or repeated antibody treatments will have to be considered.

title: Treatment of XXXX with an anti- @entity404 monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity59701 :: ('MESH:C565428', 'Disease') :: ['lymphokine release syndrome']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: It is accepted that @entity2489 is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care @entity1 . This study describes the physicochemical properties of novel surfactant coatings of the endotracheal tube and the resistance to microbial adherence of surfactant coated endotracheal tube @entity2634 ( @entity2634 ). Organic solutions of surfactants containing a range of ratios of @entity165 and @entity24568 (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, dissolved in @entity1044 ) were prepared and coated onto endotracheal tube @entity2634 using a multiple dip-coating process. Using modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry it was confirmed that the binary surfactant systems existed as physical mixtures. The surface properties of both surfactant-coated and uncoated @entity2634 , following treatment with either pooled @entity1 saliva or @entity1391 -buffered saline (PBS), were characterised using dynamic contact angle analysis. Following treatment with saliva, the contact angles of @entity2634 decreased; however, those of the coated biomaterials were unaffected, indicating different rates and extents of macromolecular adsorption from saliva onto the coated and uncoated @entity2634 . The advancing and receding contact angles of the surfactant-coated @entity2634 were unaffected by sonication, thereby providing evidence of the durability of the coatings. The cell surface hydrophobicity and zeta potentials of isolates of @entity794 and @entity796 , following treatment with either saliva or PBS, and their adherence to uncoated and surfactant-coated @entity2634 (that had been pre-treated with saliva) were examined. Adherence of @entity794 and Ps. aeruginosa to surfactant-coated @entity2634 at each successive time period (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 h) was significantly lower than to uncoated @entity2634 , the extent of the reduction frequently exceeding 90%. Interestingly, the microbial anti-adherent properties of the coatings were dependent on the lecithin content. Based on the impressive microbial anti-adherence properties and durability of the surfactant coating on @entity2634 following dip coatings, it is proposed that these systems may usefully reduce the incidence of @entity2489 when employed as luminal coatings of the endotracheal tube.

title: Characterisation and evaluation of novel surfactant bacterial anti-adherent coatings for endotracheal tubes designed for the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['PVC', 'polyvinylchloride']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: Contrast agents that specifically enhance @entity5 on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will allow earlier detection. @entity5336 -based chelates (VCs) selectively enhance rodent @entity5 on MRI, suggesting selective uptake of VCs by @entity5 . Here we report x-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) of VC uptake by @entity19 @entity694 . @entity694 in @entity19 treated with @entity2985 /dextran sulfate @entity1372 were identified by MRI. Then a @entity2287 -based contrast agent and a VC were injected intravenously; @entity19 were sacrificed and colons sectioned. VC distribution was sampled at 120 minutes after injection to evaluate the long-term accumulation. @entity2287 distribution was sampled at 10 minutes after injection due to its rapid washout. XFM was performed on 72 regions of normal and cancerous colon from five normal @entity19 and four @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . XFM showed that all @entity2287 was extracellular, with similar concentrations in @entity694 and normal colon. In contrast, the average VC concentration was twofold higher in @entity5 versus normal tissue (p < .002). @entity5 also contained numerous "hot spots" with intracellular VC concentrations sixfold higher than the concentration in normal colon (p < .0001). No hot spots were detected in normal colon. This is the first direct demonstration that VCs selectively accumulate in @entity5 cells and thus may improve @entity5 detection.

title: X-ray fluorescence microscopy demonstrates preferential accumulation of a @entity5336 -based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent in XXXX @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2985 :: ('MESH:D001397', 'Chemical') :: ['azoxymethane']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium', 'gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic tumors', 'colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity5336 :: ('MESH:D014639', 'Chemical') :: ['Vanadium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biomass smoke has been associated with many diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between biomass smoke and chronic @entity3617 in @entity1 in the rural setting of Peshawar, Pakistan. METHODS: Three villages in rural Peshawar were randomly selected as "test villages" where biomass fuel was used. The @entity1 responsible for cooking in these villages were interviewed for the prevalence of @entity3617 , and data were compared to those obtained from three matching "control villages" where liquid petroleum gas was used as fuel. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a statistical software package (EPI Info, version 6.0 [public domain software]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA). RESULTS: This study was carried out in 1,426 female test @entity1 and 1,131 female control subjects. @entity3311 was found in 100 @entity1 (7.01%) in the test group and 33 @entity1 (2.92%) in the control group. The OR was 2.51 (95% CI, 1.65 to 3.83). A strong association was found between @entity3617 and the use of wood (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 2.12 to 3.01), dung cake (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.72 to 2.42), @entity579 straws (OR, 3.32; 95% CI, 1.11 to 9.88), and kai grass (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.75 to 2.45). Cooking in the living room and @entity3617 were highly associated (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.94 to 3.66). An association between the presence of a kitchen and @entity3617 was established with an OR of 2.65 (95% CI, 2.10 to 3.42). In the test group, 75% of kitchens were ventilated; in the control group, 82% were ventilated. The difference between the two groups was nonsignificant (p>0.6; chi2=0.39; OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.4). CONCLUSIONS: Biomass fuel exposure is strongly associated with chronic @entity3617 in @entity1 who are involved in cooking in rural Peshawar.

title: @entity3311 in XXXX using solid biomass fuel in rural Peshawar, Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic bronchitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: This study investigates @entity1897 in @entity1 with @entity381 caused by nonalcoholic @entity101 . Data from 330 @entity381 cases caused by nonalcoholic @entity101 were collected and analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis. The @entity1503 were scored and graded according to the F value of the multiple linear regression equation. Based on the severity of @entity882 , @entity1503 was graded as mild, moderate, or severe, and determined by a score of <2 points, 2-3 points, and >3 points. 30  % of the @entity1 had monolineage @entity1503 , 35.8  % had bilineage @entity1503 , and 34.2  % had trilineage @entity1503 . All @entity1 were treated surgically. In the univariate analysis, the severity of erythropenia was different in the surgical outcome when compared to the intra-group (P  <  0.05). In the multivariate analysis, @entity882 was different in the surgical outcomes when compared with @entity1431 and erythropenia (P  <  0.05). There was a significant difference in surgical outcomes between the three grades (mild, moderate, and severe) of @entity1503 (P  <  0.05). @entity1897 have a significant impact on the clinical outcomes. The more severe the @entity1503 , the worse the surgical outcomes are. @entity882 is a major factor influencing surgical outcomes. The @entity882 -based three-level grading of @entity1503 provides a basis for analyzing individual cases, planning treatment, and assessing prognosis in clinical practice.

title: Grading of @entity1897 Caused by Nonalcoholic XXXX and Its Clinical Significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhotic portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia', 'cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral cytopenias', 'peripheral cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This case report draws attention to the debated role of prophylactic oophorectomy in @entity1 undergoing definitive surgical resection of @entity694 . It can be challenging to discern the indications and appropriate @entity1 population for this procedure based on the current literature. Potential benefits include treatment and prevention of @entity3 , preventing development of primary @entity43 , and prolonging survival. Negative effects include an increase in operative time and potential morbidity, development of @entity170 , the risk of @entity299 , and decreasing sexual function. Multiple @entity1 factors such as age, menopausal status, @entity1 preference, presence of hereditary conditions, exposure to radiation, site, and stage of disease should be considered. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case in which a premenopausal 49-year-old female underwent a prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy concurrently with a low anterior resection following neoadjuvant chemoradiation for clinical @entity5 . On pathologic examination, resection margins and all 14 lymph nodes harvested were negative for @entity5 . Interestingly, she was found to have micrometastatic @entity420 which had appeared grossly normal at the time of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: After consideration of the current literature, @entity1 preference, and our clinical judgment, our @entity1 ultimately had a therapeutic effect after undergoing prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy concurrently with a low anterior resection for @entity5 . The addition of prophylactic oophorectomy in a select population, specifically @entity1 50  years of age or younger and/or @entity1 who are in the premenopausal state, may carry a survival benefit in the setting of definitive surgical resection of @entity694 .

title: Bilateral ovarian micrometastatic adenocarcinoma upon prophylactic oophorectomy concurrent with low anterior resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'stage III rectal cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma in the bilateral ovaries']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although @entity158 relievers are commonly prescribed in pregnancy, their association with neonatal outcomes is poorly described. Our objectives were to identify neonatal complications associated with antenatal @entity158 reliever exposure and to establish predictors of @entity6767 ( @entity6767 ). METHODS: We used prescription and administrative data linked to vital statistics for mothers and @entity1 enrolled in the Tennessee Medicaid program between 2009 and 2011. A random sample of @entity6767 cases was validated by medical record review. The association of antenatal exposures with @entity6767 was evaluated by using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for maternal and @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: Of 112,029 pregnant @entity1 , 31,354 (28%) filled >=  1 opioid prescription. @entity1 prescribed @entity158 relievers were more likely than those not prescribed opioids (P < .001) to have @entity308 (5.3% vs 2.7%), @entity148 (4.3% vs 1.6%) and to smoke @entity286 (41.8% vs 25.8%). @entity1 with @entity6767 and opioid-exposed @entity1 were more likely than unexposed @entity1 to be born at a low birth weight (21.2% vs 11.8% vs 9.9%; P < .001). In a multivariable model, higher cumulative opioid exposure for short-acting preparations (P < .001), opioid type (P < .001), number of daily cigarettes smoked (P < .001), and selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor use (odds ratio: 2.08 [95% confidence interval: 1.67-2.60]) were associated with greater risk of developing @entity6767 . CONCLUSIONS: Prescription opioid use in pregnancy is common and strongly associated with neonatal complications. Antenatal cumulative prescription opioid exposure, opioid type, @entity286 use, and selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor use increase the risk of @entity6767 .

title: Prescription opioid epidemic and XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6767 :: ('MESH:D009357', 'Disease') :: ['NAS', 'neonatal abstinence syndrome']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['opioid pain']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']