abstract: Insulin secretion in mature beta-cells increases vigorously when extracellular @entity413 concentration rises. @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion depends on @entity141 influx through voltage-gated @entity141 channels. During fetal development, this structured response is not well established, and it is after birth that beta-cells acquire @entity413 sensitivity and a robust secretion. We compared some elements of @entity413 -induced insulin secretion coupling in beta-cells obtained from neonatal and adult @entity35 and found that neonatal cells are functionally immature compared with adult cells. We observed that neonatal cells secrete less insulin and cannot sense changes in extracellular @entity413 concentrations. This could be partially explained because in neonates @entity141 current density and synthesis of mRNA @entity7819 subunit @entity141 channel are lower than in adult cells. Interestingly, immunostaining for @entity7819 @entity7819 C, and @entity7819 D subunits in neonatal cells is similar in cytoplasm and plasma membrane, whereas it occurs predominantly in the plasma membrane in adult cells. We also observed that @entity21144 expression in adult beta-cells is mostly located in the membrane, whereas in neonatal cells @entity413 transporters are predominantly in the cytoplasm. This could explain, in part, the insensitivity to extracellular @entity413 in neonatal beta-cells. Understanding neonatal beta-cell physiology and maturation contributes toward a better comprehension of type 2 @entity6 physiopathology, where alterations in beta-cells include diminished L-type @entity141 channels and @entity21144 expression that results in an insufficient insulin secretion.

title: Physiological development of insulin secretion, calcium channels, and @entity21144 expression of pancreatic XXXX beta-cells.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To observe the early change of metabolic @entity5 heterogeneity during chemoradiotherapy and to determine its prognostic value for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: From January 2007 to March 2010, 58 @entity1 with @entity1149 were included who were received @entity419 ( @entity419 ) PET/CT before and following 40 Gy radiotherapy with the concurrent @entity900 -based chemotherapy (CCRT). Primary @entity5 FDG uptake heterogeneity was determined using global and local scale textural features extracted from standardized uptake value (SUV) histogram analysis (coefficient of variation [COV], skewness, kurtosis, area under the curve of the cumulative SUV histogram [AUC-CSH]) and normalized gray-level co-occurrence matrix (contrast, dissimilarity, entropy, homogeneity). SUVmax and metabolic @entity5 volume (MTV) were also evaluated. Correlations were analyzed between parameters on baseline or during treatments with @entity5 response, progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Compared with non-responders, responders showed significantly greater pre-treatment COV, contrast and MTV (AUC = 0.781, 0.804, 0.686, respectively). Receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis showed that early change of @entity5 textural analysis serves as a response predictor with higher sensitivity (73.2%~92.1%) and specificity (80.0%~83.6%) than baseline parameters. Change in AUC-CSH and dissimilarity during CCRT could also predict response with optimal cut-off values (33.0% and 28.7%, respectively). The @entity1 with greater changes in contrast and AUC-CSH had significantly higher 5-year @entity1349 (P = 0.008, P = 0.034) and PFS (P = 0.007, P = 0.039). In multivariate analysis, only change in contrast was found as the independent prognostic factor of PFS (HR 0.476, P = 0.021) and @entity1349 (HR 0.519, P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic @entity5 heterogeneity change during CCRT characterized by global and local scale textural features may be valuable for predicting treatment response and survival for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 .

title: Early Change in Metabolic Tumor Heterogeneity during Chemoradiotherapy and Its Prognostic Value for @entity1 with Locally Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '18F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Spanish National Sexual Health Survey (SNSHS) is designed to examine sexual activity, @entity146 , and sexual health among the Spanish population. AIM: To describe sexual activity and behaviors of Spaniards aged >=  65 years old focusing on gender differences. METHODS: A population-based descriptive study was conducted using individual data from the SNSHS. The number of subjects aged >=  65 years included was 1,939 (1,118 @entity1 , 821 @entity1 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sexual activity, frequency, @entity146 , sexual practices, and reasons for lack of sexual activity were assessed from questions included in the survey. Subjects who reported having any sexual practice including giving or receiving kissing and hugging, vaginal intercourse, oral sex, or masturbation, with at least one partner in the previous 12 months were considered as sexually active. We analyzed sociodemographic characteristics, self-rated physical and sexual health, comorbid conditions, and medications using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: Overall, 62.3% of @entity1 and 37.4% of elderly @entity1 were sexually active (P < 0.01). The prevalence of sexual inactivity significantly increased with age (P < 0.01, odds ratio [OR] 5.8, 95% confidence interval 3.8-9.05 @entity1 ; 6.37, 3.9-10.4 @entity1 ). Not having a partner was a predictor of sexual inactivity (OR 5.79, 3.98-8.42 @entity1 ; OR 12.0, 8.4-17.2 @entity1 ). Worse self-rated sexual health, suffering >=  2 comorbid conditions, and taking >=  2 medications were associated with higher probability of reporting no sexual activity in both @entity1 and @entity1 . The most common sexual practices were kissing, hugging, and vaginal intercourse. The most common reasons for sexual inactivity were: partner was physically ill (23%), lack of interest (21%), and the @entity1 was a widower (23%). CONCLUSIONS: This study provided data on sexual activity in older Spanish adults and has identified potential factors that appear to influence sexuality in the elderly with some gender differences. Current results can have implications for healthcare providers for addressing these concerns in an effective manner.

title: XXXX among older adults in Spain: results from a population-based national sexual health survey.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviors']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Sexual behaviors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heparin with adjunctive glycoprotein IIb/IIIa platelet receptor ( @entity1427 /IIIa) inhibitors has demonstrated its effectiveness in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). @entity20550 , a direct @entity556 inhibitor, has recently been shown to be an effective alternative for @entity1 undergoing elective PCI. OBJECTIVES: To assess the angiographic and clinical outcomes of adjunctive pharmacological strategies in a high-risk population presenting with @entity1187 . METHODS: Of 891 consecutive PCI @entity1 with @entity1187 , 304 received bivalirudin (60.5% male, 68+/-11 years) and were compared with 283 who received heparin (58.7% male, 66+/-12 years). A 30-day major adverse cardiac event was defined as the occurrence of @entity204 , nonfatal @entity583 , urgent revascularization or major @entity548 . RESULTS: Adjunctive @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors were used in 14.1% of the @entity20550 group and in 72.4% of the heparin group (P<0.010). The occurrence of Thrombolysis In @entity583 (TIMI) flow less than grade 3 was lower and the achievement of angiographic success was higher in the bivalirudin group than in the heparin group (5.2% versus 8.2%, 94.7% versus 89.7%, P=0.039 and P<0.010, respectively). There was no difference between groups in the incidence of @entity548 events (bivalirudin 2.0% versus heparin 3.5%, P not significant) and in 30-day major adverse @entity299 (bivalirudin 8.3% versus heparin 5.7%, P=0.223). CONCLUSIONS: In the high-risk cohort undergoing PCI, bivalirudin with provisional @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors achieved better angiographic results. Although not powered to show a difference, and while acknowledging that a selection bias could have affected the data, the present study showed that bivalirudin may be as clinically effective and safe as heparin with adjunctive @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors.

title: Angiographic and clinical outcomes of bivalirudin versus heparin in XXXX with @entity1187 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity20550 :: ('MESH:C074619', 'Chemical') :: ['bivalirudin', 'Bivalirudin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: With the aim of finding characteristics pointing to the primary site, computed tomography examination from 9 @entity1 with primary brain @entity706 ( @entity1893 originating in the central nervous system, NHL-CNS) (5 single, 4 multiple lesions) were analyzed. The @entity5 were usually situated in the basal ganglia, corpus callosum, or cerebellum and were always in contact with either the ependyma of the ventricles or the subarachnoid space. @entity5 with widespread infiltration of white matter surrounding the ventricles were characteristic of NHL-CNS. Microscopic examination of 3 autopsy cases revealed infiltration of the subependymal layer of the lateral ventricles and the third and fourth ventricles by @entity706 cells. The entire extent of the choroid plexus was invaded by @entity5 cells. There were multiple foci of similar cells invading the periventricular white matter. The subarachnoid space was filled with @entity706 cells. In many areas the Virchow-Robin spaces and pial-glial membranes were disrupted, and invasion of the underlying gray matter by @entity5 cells was seen. The ultrastructure of the blood vessels of NHL-CNS was compared with those in glial, nonglial, and metastatic @entity1313 . The essential feature in NHL-CNS was fenestrated vessels. They resembled the blood vessels found in nonglial and metastatic @entity1313 , but were distinctly different from those seen in @entity5 with nonfenestrated vessels. Although the following scheme in proposed with reservations, it could account for the sites of origin of NHL-CNS: lymphocytes located in the choroid plexus stroma or the subarachnoid space are activated, caused to proliferate, and finally become neoplastic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sites of origin of primary intracerebral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumors', 'tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: Lyon comprehensive @entity5 center developed a home care-coordinating unit (HCCU) allowing a wide range of @entity5 care at home. We present the results of an organisational and strategical analysis of the unit, in relation with internal and external contexts. We describe the functioning of the unit, modelled from the daily follow-up of professionnels. @entity1 discharge is initiated by the oncologist at the inpatient clinic, at the day-hospital or at outpatient visit. After consent of the @entity1 and relatives, the HCCU (nurses and medical oncologists) evaluates @entity1 's needs, organises hospital discharge (contacts with community nurses and general practitioner, supply of medical appliances and drugs), and provides follow-up and counselling to @entity1 and caregivers. The HCCU works in a challenging environment, with both partners and competitors. Within the hospital, it collaborates with all other units. Outside the hospital, partners are, besides @entity1 themselves; general practitioners and community nurses home care agencies and network services, private medical appliance providers, and public health authorities. The unit might evolve towards formal home hospitalisation or community-hospital network. Collaboration of both structure closely associated with hospital could allow to provide continuous and graduated care by the same caregivers even if administrative structures change.

title: [Organisational diagnosis of a home care-coordinating unit in oncology: which choices for the comprehensive XXXX center of Lyon?].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: In the majority of cases there exists, at the beginning of the recurrent @entity3986 of the corneal epithelium, a slight superficial @entity130 . There are, neverthless, also spontaneous forms, which are more often bilateral, hereditary forms and secondary forms with more generalized @entity3985 . (2) Between the @entity130 and the appearance of the recurrent erosion there is always a latency period of variable duration. (3) @entity1 are more often affected than @entity1 . The condition usually is observed between 25 and 40 years of age. (4) The epithelial erosions reoccur at irregular intervals nearly always in the morning when the eyes are opened. They are always localized below the pupillary area and not necessarily at the site of the @entity130 . (5) Between two recurrences, there persists a latent @entity28447 , which is characterized by subjective symptoms (pricking @entity158 in the morning at the opening of the eyes) and by objective signs (grey epithelial spots or epithelial microbullae below the pupillary area near the vertical meridian). (6) At the light and electron microscope one sees alterations of the basal epithelial cells, intra epithelial cysts, @entity397 of the basement membrane and disappearance of the hemidesmosomes. (7) The disorder is a true @entity28447 , the traumatism being only an occasional cause. (8) The treatment is discussed.

title: [Recurrent XXXX of the corneal epithelium].

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['corneal dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic erosion']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity28447 :: ('MESH:D053559', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dystrophy']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['dystrophic erosion']


abstract: We previously reported that @entity43796 . @entity5828 ( @entity43797 ) has anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activities. To verify the effects of @entity43797 on @entity73 further, we tested it on the @entity5591 -induced @entity2730 model of the @entity35 using the passive avoidance and eight-arm radial maze tests. A single (20 mg/kg p.o.) and repeated (10 mg/kg p.o.) administrations of @entity43797 could significantly reverse the latency time shortened by @entity5591 (1 mg/kg i.p.) to control level. The @entity73 induced by @entity5591 (1 mg/kg i.p.) was also improved significantly by a single injection (6.25 mg/kg i.p.) and repeated administrations of @entity43797 (10 mg/kg p.o.) in the eight-arm radial maze test. In addition, we examined the effects of @entity43797 on the @entity2414 and the histological changes of the brain after unilateral electrolytic lesion of the entorhinal cortex (EC) and @entity2500 in @entity35 . The @entity73 caused by @entity66 and @entity2500 were improved significantly by repeated administrations of @entity43797 (6.25 mg/kg i.p.) after @entity66 or @entity63 insult once a day for 7 days in the passive avoidance test. Histological analysis showed that the @entity528 in the @entity43797 -treated group was notably reduced in the hippocampal area ( @entity1249 ) of @entity63 @entity35 and in the dentate gyrus and hippocampal area ( @entity1249 and @entity1251 ) of EC-lesioned @entity35 compared with the nontreated group. The @entity1188 area was decreased significantly by a single administration of @entity43797 (6.25 mg/kg i.p.) 30 min before @entity63 insult for 6 h. These results suggest that @entity43797 might be an effective drug for not only the @entity195 type, but also the vascular type of @entity303 .

title: @entity43796 . @entity5828 prevents @entity73 in @entity35 models of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['EC lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity43796 :: ('MESH:C028633', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroevodiamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired spatial working memory', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive disturbance']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) has been associated with improved renal function compared with radical nephrectomy (RN) for @entity1358 , the impact on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate comparative @entity1349 and renal function in @entity1 following @entity1625 and RN for a renal mass where @entity5 was not a confounding factor. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Using the Mayo Clinic Nephrectomy Registry, we retrospectively identified 442 @entity1 with unilateral sporadic benign renal masses treated surgically with @entity1625 or RN between 1980 and 2008. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The primary outcome measures were @entity1349 and the incidence of new-onset @entity740 ( @entity740 ), determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox models were used to test the association of nephrectomy type with these outcomes. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Overall, 206 and 236 @entity1 with benign renal masses were surgically treated with RN and @entity1625 , respectively. @entity1 who underwent RN were older (median age: 67 vs 64 yr; p=0.02) and had larger @entity5 (median size: 5.0 vs 2.7 cm; p<0.001). Median follow-up for @entity1 still alive at last follow-up was 8.3 yr (range: 0.1-27.9 yr). Estimated @entity1349 (95% confidence interval [CI]) rates at 10 and 15 yr were 69% (62-76%) and 53% (45-62%) for RN compared with 80% (73-87%) and 74% (65-83%) following @entity1625 (p=0.032). After adjusting for covariates of interest, @entity1 treated with RN were significantly more likely to die from any cause (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.75; 95% CI, 1.08-2.83; p=0.023) or develop stage IV @entity740 (HR: 4.23; 95% CI, 1.80-9.93; p<0.001) compared with @entity1 who underwent @entity1625 . Limitations include the retrospective design, selection bias for surgical approach, and referral bias to a tertiary care facility. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity1625 may confer a clinical benefit for improved renal function and better @entity1349 compared with RN after excluding the confounding effect of @entity5 .

title: Overall survival and development of XXXX in @entity1 undergoing partial and radical nephrectomy for benign renal tumors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'partial nephrectomy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['stage IV chronic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity9 is an intractable @entity158 with few effective treatments. Moderate cold stimulation can relieve @entity158 , and this may be a novel train of thought for exploring new methods of analgesia. @entity32112 ( @entity32112 ) ion channel has been proposed to be an important molecular sensor for cold. Here we investigate the role of @entity32112 in the mechanism of chronic @entity9 using a @entity35 model of chronic @entity130 . RESULTS: Mechanical @entity1931 , cold and thermal @entity1931 of CCI @entity35 began on the 4th day following surgery and maintained at the peak during the period from the 10th to 14th day after operation. The level of @entity32112 protein in L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) ipsilateral to @entity128 was significantly increased on the 4th day after CCI, and reached the peak on the 10th day, and remained elevated on the 14th day following CCI. This time course of the alteration of @entity32112 expression was consistent with that of CCI-induced @entity1931 response of the operated hind paw. Besides, activation of cold receptor @entity32112 of CCI @entity35 by intrathecal application of @entity4746 resulted in the inhibition of mechanical @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 and the enhancement of @entity1931 . In contrast, downregulation of @entity32112 protein in ipsilateral L5 DRG of CCI @entity35 by intrathecal @entity32112 antisense oligonucleotide attenuated @entity1931 , but it had no effect on CCI-induced mechanical @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity32112 may play different roles in mechanical @entity1931 , cold and thermal @entity1931 that develop after @entity128 , and it is a very promising research direction for the development of new therapies for chronic @entity158 .

title: Role of @entity32112 in dorsal root ganglion in XXXX -induced chronic pain.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia', 'cold hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity32112 :: ('171384(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TRPM8', 'Transient receptor potential melastatin 8']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['neuroapthic pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve']

answer: @entity128 :: (MESH:D020209,Disease) :: ['nerve injury']


abstract: The presence of endothelium attenuates @entity1063 -induced vasoconstriction in the @entity35 thoracic aorta by the spontaneous release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. @entity460 antagonists also inhibit @entity2922 -induced vasoconstriction. Experiments were designed to determine the effect of @entity460 antagonists in the presence and absence of the endothelium on the responsiveness of the isolated @entity35 aorta to @entity1063 . Rings of the thoracic aorta of @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 were suspended in organ chambers (in the presence of @entity3352 ) for isometric measurement of force. Mechanical removal of the endothelium shifted the concentration response curve to @entity1063 to the left and augmented the maximal response to the @entity2922 . @entity3988 and @entity1855 shifted the concentration response curve to @entity1063 to the right only in rings without endothelium; they abolished the difference in sensitivities to @entity1063 caused by removal of the endothelium. Diltiazem, but not @entity1855 , also reduced the difference in the maximal response to @entity1063 . In the presence of oxyhemoglobin, @entity3988 had similar effects on rings with and without endothelium. @entity1854 also abolished the @entity56 to @entity1063 caused by removal of the endothelium. These data suggest that @entity460 antagonists can prevent the @entity56 to @entity1063 in arteries in which the endothelium has been removed. They may explain some of the beneficial effects of @entity460 antagonists in conditions with @entity409 .

title: Endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s) and XXXX antagonists.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem', 'Diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Lymphocyte subpopulations are identified by the uniform CD classification (Cluster of Differentiation) and can be accurately differentiated with monoclonal antibodies using the method of flow cytometry. With the aid of cordocentesis it is possible to perform studies on the status and development of cellular immunity as early as in the second trimester of pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To compare lymphocyte subpopulations present in fetuses with @entity2008 ( @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ), @entity7440 ( @entity7440 )) and fetuses with normal karyotype. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: We examined a total of 61 pregnant @entity1 with an average age of 31.5 years (20- 46 years). RESULTS: In fetuses with @entity1467 we found a significant decrease in B lymphocytes ( @entity1075 ),a decrease in the subpopulations of multi-reactive B-cells ( @entity5893 (+) @entity1075 (+), @entity1072 ),and a decrease in the index of @entity404 / @entity405 and class II HLA-DR. In contrast, the representation of NK cells expressing /CD3-CD (16 + 56)+/ was greatly increased. In @entity7440 we found a decrease in T lymphocytes (CD3), a decrease in T-helper lymphocytes (monocytes @entity404 ), a decreased index of @entity404 / @entity405 and a greater representation of NK cells /CD3-CD (16 + 56)+/. CONCLUSION: We determined the normal values of lymphocyte subpopulations in physiological fetuses. We demonstrated that the immunological defect of the affected fetuses is already present antenatally, and can be reliably diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy.

title: Prenatally diagnosable differences in the cellular immunity of fetuses with Down's and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome", 'DS']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity7440 :: ('MESH:C580500', 'Disease') :: ['ES', "Edwards' syndrome"]

answer: @entity7440 :: (MESH:C580500,Disease) :: ['Edwards' syndrome']


abstract: We report the results of a randomized multicenter study comparing the efficacy of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) with that of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) as first-line therapy for @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ). @entity1 were randomized to receive ATG and @entity229 (PDN) or @entity870 ; hematologic response and @entity137 were compared. At 3-month evaluation, @entity1 who had no or minimal response received the alternative therapy to assess the value of a sequential immunosuppressive therapy for treatment of @entity2150 . One hundred nineteen @entity1 were randomized; 25 were excluded, of whom 3 were misdiagnosed and 22 did not follow the cross-over protocol. Ninety-four @entity1 were analyzed; 46 received @entity870 , and 48 received ATG-PDN. The actuarial survival was 66.7%, with a median follow-up time of 19 months. There was no significant difference in survival between the groups with, at 3 months, an actuarial survival of 88% in the @entity870 group and 75% in the ATG group (NS); at 12 months, it was 70% in the @entity870 group and 64% in the ATG group (NS). The percentage of complete and partial response was 11.6% and 16%, respectively, at 3 months, and 31.6% and 30%, respectively, at 12 months (NS). The main prognostic factor was the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) at entry: @entity1 with ANC less than 0.2 x 10(9)/L had a significantly lower survival as compared with @entity1 with more than 0.2 x 10(9)/L ANC (P = .0001). At 12 months, 62 evaluable @entity1 were alive, with a complete or partial response in 36 @entity1 . @entity1 who had responded to the first treatment had a better recovery of @entity2131 than those who had sequential immunosuppression. The main complication was @entity281 , which was more often observed and more often lethal during ATG and PDN therapy. In this study, initial treatment of @entity2150 with either @entity870 or ATG-PDN followed by cross-over therapy for nonresponders produced comparable response and survival rates.

title: Multicenter randomized study comparing @entity205 alone and antithymocyte globulin with XXXX for treatment of @entity2150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['severe aplastic anemia', 'SAA']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: The skeletal muscles of ectothermic vertebrates possess an elevated glyconeogenic capacity that is responsible for a major portion of @entity880 removal and glycogen resynthesis following exercise. In lizards, changes in plasma hormone levels and the influence of differing hormone levels on muscle metabolism postexercise are poorly understood. We measured the effects of 5 min of exhaustive exercise on plasma levels of glucagon and @entity2819 in the desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis. We also determined the extent to which these hormones influence, or are influenced by, postexercise plasma @entity880 concentrations postexercise. Exercise resulted in the accumulation of 20 mM blood @entity880 , while plasma @entity413 levels remained stable throughout 90 min of recovery. Plasma glucagon was elevated sevenfold during 5 min of exercise and returned to resting levels within 45 min of recovery. Glucagon stimulated @entity880 incorporation into glycogen in isolated red muscle fiber bundles. Plasma @entity2819 was also elevated to three times normal resting values, but only after 45 min of recovery. Blocking @entity2819 elevation with @entity4235 did not alter the kinetics of plasma @entity880 removal. In lizards, the dramatic rise in plasma glucagon occurs at the same time as previously reported elevated skeletal muscle glyconeogenesis and elevated glucagon stimulates @entity880 removal in vitro, strongly suggesting a role for glucagon in postexercise skeletal muscle metabolism.

title: The influence of XXXX and glucagon on metabolic recovery from exhaustive exercise in the desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone']

answer: @entity2819 :: (MESH:D003345,Chemical) :: ['corticosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The most important renal complication of @entity785 ( @entity785 ) is @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Many @entity1 demonstrate less severe @entity8 , most likely associated with @entity8 and a consequent reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The mechanism of this slowly progressive form of @entity740 is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate GFR by the @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and the 7-variable @entity8 ( @entity8 ) equations in @entity785 @entity1 and to correlate estimated GFR (eGFR) with clinical variables of the disease. METHODS: 105 unselected and consecutive @entity1 with @entity785 were enrolled. Serum @entity1011 was measured in all @entity1 and GFR was estimated by 7-variable @entity8 and CKD-EPI equations. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy was performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean value of eGFR evaluated by both 7-variable @entity8 and CKD-EPI was significantly different (p < 0.0001) in the three capillaroscopic groups and correlated negatively with the severity of @entity16 (early: 95    16 mL/min and 101    12 mL/min, active: 86    25 mL/min and 95    17 mL/min, late: 76    21 mL/min and 82    21 mL/min). The mean value of eGFR evaluated by 7-variable @entity8 (97    23 mL/min vs. 74    15 mL/min, p < 0.0001) and CKD-EPI< (0.83    0.20 mL/min vs. 0.68    0.10 mL/min, p < 0.0001) was significantly higher in @entity785 @entity1 without history of digital @entity1066 than in those with. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that in @entity785 @entity1 without renal involvement, eGFR decreases with the progression of @entity1504 .

title: Evaluation of estimated glomerular filtration rate and clinical variables in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'renal complications', 'SRC', 'reduced renal blood flow', 'Modification of Diet and Renal Disease', 'scleroderma renal crisis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['capillaroscopic damage']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease', 'Chronic Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['digital vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: aB-crystallin, a member of the small heat shock protein family, acts as a molecular chaperone. aB-crystallin has been found to be overexpressed in a number of @entity5 tissues, including @entity135 . Overexpression of aB-crystallin in @entity5 tissue may be related to its anti-apoptotic properties; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-apoptotic role of aB-crystallin in oral @entity189 (OVC). Since @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is the most common @entity5 of the oral cavity, we selected @entity957 as a control group. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the expression levels. The results showed that the expression of aB-crystallin was detected in OVC, @entity957 and normal oral mucosa (NM). The expression in OVC was higher compared to that of NM, but lower compared to @entity957 , indicating that OVC was less aggressive than @entity957 with respect to @entity5 potential. Furthermore, we found that in OVC, the increased expression of aB-crystallin coincided with the decreased expression of activated @entity522 . The results indicated that aB-crystallin may play an anti-apoptotic role via inhibition of the activation of @entity522 in OVC.

title: Expression of aB-crystallin and its potential anti-apoptotic role in oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['verrucous carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['verrucous carcinoma']


abstract: Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) regenerate blood cells throughout the lifespan of an organism. With age, the functional quality of HSCs declines, partly owing to the accumulation of damaged DNA. However, the factors that damage DNA and the protective mechanisms that operate in these cells are poorly understood. We have recently shown that the @entity11807 DNA-repair pathway counteracts the genotoxic effects of reactive @entity3125 . @entity19 with combined inactivation of @entity264 catabolism (through @entity36739 knockout) and the @entity11807 DNA-repair pathway ( @entity27797 knockout) display @entity245 , a predisposition to @entity1778 , and are susceptible to the toxic effects of @entity1068 -an exogenous source of @entity3094 . Here we report that aged @entity36739 (-/-)   @entity27797 (-/-) mutant @entity19 that do not develop @entity1778 spontaneously develop @entity2150 , with the concomitant accumulation of damaged DNA within the haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) pool. Unexpectedly, we find that only HSPCs, and not more mature blood precursors, require @entity36739 for protection against @entity3094 @entity137 . Additionally, the @entity264 -oxidizing activity of HSPCs, as measured by Aldefluor stain, is due to @entity36739 and correlates with this protection. Finally, there is more than a 600-fold reduction in the HSC pool of @entity19 @entity417 pathway-mediated DNA repair and @entity3094 detoxification. Therefore, the emergence of @entity2131 in @entity11807 is probably due to @entity264 -mediated genotoxicity restricted to the HSPC pool. These findings identify a new link between endogenous reactive metabolites and DNA damage in HSCs, and define the protective mechanisms that counteract this threat.

title: Genotoxic consequences of endogenous XXXX on @entity19 haematopoietic stem cell function.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in both Fanconi anaemia']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental defects']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anaemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity3125 :: (MESH:D000447,Chemical) :: ['aldehydes']


abstract: Gas phase @entity5241 dry deposition and concentration samples were collected simultaneously between July 2004 and May 2005 at a suburban site in Bursa, @entity233 . A modified @entity11896 ( @entity11896 ) was employed to collect gas phase fluxes while a high-volume air sampler (HVAS) was used for concentration samples. The @entity11896 was able to collect both particle and gas phase @entity5241 deposition samples. The collected @entity3215 on water surface were captured by a filter and an XAD-2 resin column during water cycle. The average of gas phase @entity5241 deposition flux, determined by analyzing the XAD-2 resin column, was 79.3+/-40.5 ng m(-2) d(-1) and its percentage in total (gas+particle) @entity5241 flux was about 60. The average of gas phase @entity5241 concentration measured concurrently with flux samples was 224.4+/-160.2 pg m(-3) and its ratio to the total (gas+particle) @entity5241 concentration was 85%. This difference was likely due to the different deposition characteristics of gases and particulates. Dominant @entity5241 homolog groups were 3-4 @entity37653 (CBs) for both ambient air and gas phase deposition samples. Mass transfer coefficients (MTC, K(g)) for air-side were determined using gas phase flux and ambient air concentration values. The average overall K(g) ranged between 0.21 and 0.96 cm s(-1) with an average of 0.60+/-0.19 cm s(-1).

title: The determination of gas phase dry deposition fluxes and mass transfer coefficients (MTCs) of @entity3215 ( XXXX ) using a modified @entity11896 ( @entity11896 ).

entities_list: @entity11896 :: ('MESH:D014869', 'Disease') :: ['water surface sampler', 'WSS']

entities_list: @entity37653 :: ('CHEBI:35446', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorobiphenyls']

answer: @entity3215 :: (MESH:D011078,Chemical) :: ['PCBs']


abstract: Molecular targeted therapy has shown promise as a treatment for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). @entity2857 , a multikinase inhibitor, recently received FDA approval for the treatment of advanced @entity157 . However, although @entity2857 is well tolerated, concern for its safety has been expressed. @entity12698 ( @entity12698  ) is a selective @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitor which exhibits antitumor effects in @entity1 @entity157 cells. The present study examined the interaction between @entity12698 and @entity2857 in two @entity1 @entity96 cell lines HepG2 and @entity5959 . Our data showed that each inhibitor alone reduced cell growth and the combination of @entity12698 with @entity2857 synergistically inhibited cell growth and increased apoptosis. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic antitumor activity of the combination, we investigated the expression profile of the combination-treated @entity96 cell lines using microarray analysis. Combination treatment significantly altered expression levels of 1,986 and 2,483 transcripts in HepG2 and @entity5959 cells, respectively. Genes functionally involved in cell death, signal transduction and regulation of transcription were predominantly up-regulated, while genes implicated in metabolism, cell-cycle control and DNA replication and repair were mainly down-regulated upon treatment. However, combination-treated @entity157 cell lines displayed specificity in the expression and activity of crucial factors involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. The altered expression of some of these genes was confirmed by semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR and by Western blotting. Many novel genes emerged from our transcriptomic analyses, and further functional analyses may determine whether these genes can serve as potential molecular targets for more effective anti- @entity157 strategies.

title: Novel combination of @entity2857 and XXXX provides synergistic anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in @entity1 @entity96 cells.

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib', 'Celebrex']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mitral valve repair in @entity627 is technically more difficult, and there is little information on the long-term stability of this technique. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 1975 to December 1990, 327 @entity1 underwent mitral valve repair with the Duran flexible ring annuloplasty for @entity627 . Mean age was 45.4 +/- 12.6 years (range, 23 to 73 years). The techniques used for valve repair include a Duran flexible ring annuloplasty in all cases, commissurotomy in 272 (83.2%), papillary muscle splitting in 171 (52.3%), and subvalvular apparatus repair in 59 @entity1 (18.0%). One hundred one @entity1 required associated tricuspid valve surgery (30.8%). Hospital mortality was 3.36%, being lower for @entity1 with isolated mitral valve repair (2.7%) than those with mitrotricuspid surgery (4.9%). Mean follow-up was 8.6 years (range, 1 to 17 years) and was 96.5% completed. Thirty-four @entity1 required reoperation for severe @entity339 in 12, mitral restenosis in 18, and @entity886 in 4. The actuarial curve free from reoperation for mitral cause at 16 years is 89.9 +/- 3.2%. Late mortality occurred in 42 @entity1 (13.2%). Actuarial survival curve at 16 years is 84.0 +/- 3.2% for isolated mitral valve repair and 64.6 +/- 6.7% for mitrotricuspid @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve reconstruction with Duran flexible ring annuloplasty in @entity627 entails a low hospital mortality with satisfactory long-term clinical results.

title: Mitral valve repair in XXXX . The flexible solution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic valve disease', 'rheumatic disease']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic disease']


abstract: Increased splenic uptake of radiocolloids is a helpful sign in the scintigraphic diagnosis of various hepatocellular diseases, but little attempt has been made to quantify this physiologic phenomenon. We have devised a simple computer method that compares average splenic activity to average @entity409 . The method is reproducible (r = 0.97) and exhibits little interobserver variation (r = 0.99). One hundred clinically normal subjects were found to have a nearly symmetrical distribution of S/L ratios around a mean of 0.77, with a s.d. of 0.20. Fifteen subjects normal by biopsy were found to have a similar mean spleen-to-liver (S/L) ratio of 0.74. Based upon a normal range of 0.37 to 1.17 (0.77 +/- 2 s.d.), elevated S/L ratios were found in @entity1560 (85%), @entity82 (67%), and chronic @entity99 (43%). Abnormal S/L ratios in the range from 1.17 to approximately 1.4 were not visually obvious. Overall sensitivity of the S/L ratio in these three diseases is 69%. When combined with the other scintigraphic indications of @entity157 (nonhomogenous colloid uptake, @entity382 , @entity381 , and bone-marrow colloidal uptake), the liver scan was found to have a sensitivity of 93%.

title: Simple computer quantitation of @entity409 in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty metamorphosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['right-lobe liver activity']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular disease']


abstract: There is no study in the literature dealing with re-innervation of the cardiopulmonary vagus nerve after its transection followed by re- @entity254 . In the present study, we explored the bronchomotor, heart rate and respiratory responses in @entity35 at 2, 3 and 6 months after re- @entity254 of one cervical vagus trunk. The conduction velocity of A, B and C waves was calculated in the compound vagal action potential. We searched for afferent vagal activities in phase with pulmonary inflation to assess the persistence of pulmonary stretch receptor (PSR) discharge in re-innervated lungs. In each animal, data from the stimulation or recording of one re-anastomosed vagus nerve were compared with those obtained in the contra-lateral intact one. Two and three months after surgery, the conduction velocities of A and B waves decreased, but recovery of conduction velocity was complete at 6 months. By contrast, the conduction velocity of the C wave did not change until 6 months, when it was doubled. The PSR activity was present in 50% of re-anastomosed vagus nerves at 2 and 3 months and in 75% at 6 months. Respiratory inhibition evoked by vagal stimulation was significantly weaker from the re-anastomosed than intact nerve at 2 but not 3 months. Vagal stimulation did not elicit @entity299 or bronchoconstriction 6 months after re- @entity254 . Our study demonstrates the capacity of pulmonary vagal sensory neurones to regenerate after axotomy followed by re- @entity254 , and the failure of the vagal efferents to re-innervate both the lungs and heart.

title: Motor and sensory re-innervation of the lung and heart after re-anastomosis of the cervical vagus nerve in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac slowing']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Identified problems with the classification system of @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ), including its imperfect application to clinical samples, challenge its validity and limit its utility. The present study aimed to empirically identify and validate @entity2613 phenotypes in a multisite clinical sample using latent profile analysis (LPA). @entity2613 symptom data collected from 687 individuals were included in @entity4991 . Identified latent profiles (LPs) were compared on clinical validators. Five LPs were identified: @entity28953 (n = 178), objective bingeing and multiple purging methods; @entity42035 (n = 172), objective bingeing without purging; LP3 (n = 130), objective bingeing and vomiting; LP4 (n = 108), low/normal weight and excessive exercise; LP5 (n = 99), low/normal weight and absence of @entity2613 symptoms. Validation analyses demonstrated the most extreme psychopathology/medical morbidity in @entity28953 and the least in LP5. @entity28953 and LP3 were most likely to report medication treatment for @entity1277 . Identified LPs imperfectly resembled diagnostic and statistical manual of @entity146 . Multiple purging methods and the absence of @entity2613 cognitions marked differences in severity across groups, whereas low weight did not. Clinical differences in psychopathology, medical morbidity, and treatment utilization validated groups. Future research should examine longitudinal stability of empirically-derived phenotypes and incremental validity of alternative classification schema to inform DSM-V.

title: Empirical identification and validation of XXXX phenotypes in a multisite clinical sample.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders-IV-TR EDs']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['EDs', 'eating disorders']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorder']


abstract: A series of 200 @entity1 with primary @entity0 , treated with breast conservation between 1981 and 1988, was analyzed retrospectively. The mean age was 54 +/- 14 years and mean follow-up 36 months. 58 @entity1 (29%) were in pathological Stage I, 85 (42.5%) in II A, 34 (17%) in II B, and 7 (3.5%) in III. 16 (8%) were in clinical Stages I-II; 40 (20%) had multifocal @entity5 and 40 intraductal components. 45% of the lesions were excised with good margins, 13.5% with close margins (0.5 cm), 9% with microscopic residual, 4% with macroscopic residual and in 57 (28.5%) margins could not be determined. Level II axillary lymph node dissection was performed in 193 (96.5%). Adjuvant therapy (combined chemotherapy and/or hormones) was given to 105 (52.5%). Radiotherapy usually consisted of 50 GY tangential photon irradiation to the whole breast in 25 fractions. Electron or photon boost to the @entity5 bed was given to 112 (59%). Most @entity1 received 20 GY, and most node-positive @entity1 50 GY to the lymphatic drainage. 69% tolerated combined radiotherapy-chemotherapy well and radiotherapy did not have to be interrupted. A year after completion of radiotherapy the cosmetic result was rated as good in 166/173 (96%) and fair in 7 (4%); there were no poor ratings. 11 (5.5%) developed breast recurrence and 5 (2.5%) supraclavicular or axillary lymph node metastases. 1 (0.5%) developed local recurrence and supraclavicular lymph node metastases simultaneously. 50 (10%) developed distant metastases, of whom 2 developed loco-regional recurrences simultaneously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Primary XXXX : conservation therapy].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We describe the treatment outcome in 17 @entity1 who received combined salvage brachytherapy and short-term @entity342 deprivation therapy for @entity263 relapse after prior external beam irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Median @entity1 age was 68 years. Local relapse after external beam irradiation was confirmed by biopsy. Median @entity1486 at local relapse was 4.7 ng/ml. Five of the 17 @entity1 were enrolled in a protocol combining @entity342 deprivation therapy with brachytherapy and the remaining @entity1 were treated off protocol. All @entity1 received neoadjuvant @entity342 deprivation therapy for a median of 3 months, followed by ultrasound guided brachytherapy using 125I in 9 and 103Pd seeds in 8. Five @entity1 also received adjuvant @entity3086 for a median of 6 months. Biochemical failure was defined using the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology definition. @entity137 was graded with a modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scale. RESULTS: Median followup was 44 months. The actuarial 4-year biochemical control rate was 75%. Three @entity1 died of intercurrent diseases. No @entity263 mortality or local failure had occurred at last followup. One @entity1 had bone @entity3 . No clinical or treatment factor was associated with biochemical control. Grade 3 and 4 genitourinary @entity137 developed in 7 (41%) and 1 @entity1 (6%), respectively. Grade 2 and 3 gastrointestinal @entity137 occurred in 5 (29%) and 1 @entity1 (6%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our series suggests that salvage brachytherapy and short-term @entity342 deprivation therapy can achieve biochemical control in select @entity1 with local relapse after prior external beam irradiation. The major side effects are urinary complications, including grade 3 and 4 complications in 41% and 6% of cases, respectively.

title: Combined prostate brachytherapy and short-term XXXX deprivation therapy as salvage therapy for locally recurrent @entity263 after external beam irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['local prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: Aqueous solutions of @entity3971 , @entity44561 , and @entity11921 have been used to determine the adsorption isotherm for single solute systems on activated @entity505 at different temperatures. The experimental program has been conducted to investigate the influence of concentration and temperature. All the reported equilibrium isotherm equations have been tried on present and published experimental data. A generalized isotherm equation which was proposed by Khan et al. (6, 10) and tested for bi-solute adsorption data has been modified for single-solute system. The temperature dependency has also been incorporated into a generalized equation. It has been noticed that the Radke and Prausnitz (7) and generalized isotherm equations could represent the entire data with a minimum average percentage error. The influence of different adsorbents, @entity37924 concentrations, and pH of aqueous solutions has also been discussed in detail. The temperature dependency has been investigated using both the Dubinin-Astakov (13) and the modified generalized equation. The generalized equation describes the experimental and published data adequately and provides a single value of differential molar heat of adsorption, DeltaHads, for a single solute adsorption system. The Dubinin-Astakov isotherm equation has shown an increasing trend of DeltaHads as the loading of adsorbent has increased. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. Copyright 1997Academic Press

title: Equilibrium Adsorption Studies of Some Aromatic Pollutants from Dilute Aqueous Solutions on Activated XXXX at Different Temperatures

entities_list: @entity44561 :: ('MESH:C029107', 'Chemical') :: ['p-chlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity11921 :: ('MESH:C024836', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nitrophenol']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Construction workers employed in a unique type of tunnel construction known as tunnel jacking were exposed over an 18-month period to respirable crystalline @entity3440 at concentrations that exceeded the OSHA permissible exposure limit. The present study examines workplace exposures and occurrence of @entity1030 in these workers. METHODS: Medical and occupational histories and chest radiographs were obtained on 343 active construction workers who had worked on the site during the period in question. Chest radiographs were interpreted according to the ILO-1980 system of classification. Standardized questions were used to develop an algorithm to define @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) and to determine these respiratory outcomes: chronic @entity3617 , @entity1353 ( @entity1353 ), and physician-diagnosed @entity565 (current vs. not current). Relationships with each of three work activities were examined: slurry wall breakthrough (SWB), chipping caisson overpour, and tunneling/mining. RESULTS: @entity1 included laborers, carpenters, tunnel workers, ironworkers, operating engineers, and electricians. No cases of @entity5636 were found on chest X-ray. Overall prevalence of chronic @entity3617 , @entity1109 , @entity1353 , and physician-diagnosed @entity565 was 10.7%, 25%, 29%, and 6.6%, respectively. Odds ratios (OR) for carpenters compared to laborers were significantly elevated for chronic @entity3617 , @entity1109 , and @entity1353 . SWB was associated with chronic @entity3617 and @entity1109 (OR 4.93, 95% CI = 1.01, 24.17; OR 3.32, 95% CI = 1.25, 8.84, respectively). The interaction between SWB, @entity1109 , and trade was significant for carpenters (OR 6.87, 95% CI = 1.66, 28.39). Inverse trends were observed for months on the site and chronic @entity3617 , @entity1109 , and @entity1353 (P = 0.0374, 0.0006, and 0.0307, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Tunnel construction workers exposed to respirable crystalline @entity3440 and cement dust are at increased risk for @entity1030 . Extent of risk varies by trade and work activity. Our data indicate the importance of bystander exposures and suggest that tunnel jacking may be associated with greater risk compared to more traditional methods of tunnel construction. A healthy worker effect is suggested.

title: @entity1030 in highway and tunnel construction workers exposed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath', 'SOB']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['SCA', 'symptoms consistent with asthma']

entities_list: @entity5636 :: ('MESH:D012829', 'Disease') :: ['silicosis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Technical note. OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between the high-intensity lesions observed on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (T2W MRI) and the cervical dynamic characteristics of @entity1 with @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Intramedullary high signal intensity is frequently observed on T2W MRI of @entity3799 @entity1 and represents pathologic changes in the spinal cord. However, few studies have attempted to identify the effects on cervical dynamics associated with such changes in MRI signals. METHODS: This study included 71 @entity3799 @entity1 who were admitted to our hospital between May, 2009 and May, 2012 (44 @entity1 , 27 @entity1 ; average age, 52.5  11.7 y). They were divided into 3 groups depending on T2W MRI data: group 1, no hyperintensity; group 2, slight hyperintensity; and group 3, bright hyperintensity. The Cobb angle on cervical flexion-extension radiographs was measured as a parameter of cervical spine dynamics. RESULTS: @entity348 , hyperextension curvature, range of movement (ROM), and segmental hyperflexion curvature did not differ among the groups (P>0.05). Segmental hyperextension curvature and ROM were greater in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1 (P<0.05) but did not differ significantly between groups 2 and 3 (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Increased segmental hyperextension curvature (>= 10 degrees) and ROM are risk factors for high-intensity lesions on T2W MRI in @entity3799 @entity1 .

title: Relationship Between Signal Changes on T2-weighted Magnetic Resonance Images and Cervical Dynamics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['CSM', 'cervical spondylotic myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['Total hyperflexion']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy']


abstract: From 1975 to 1986, 478 operations were performed on the @entity1 with @entity189 . Radical resection rate is 63.4%. We have studied the metastatic law of @entity5 through lymph-duct, reverse invasion in wall, radiation and the hot-therapy before the operation. Extended lymph nodes resection were performed. The Dukes C 5 years survival rate was increased from 32.6 to 79.2 percent. Our results suggested that (1) local colorectal and rectal tract should be resected sufficiently. The operation of remaining anus should be based on sufficient radical resection. (2) Extended radical resection include the third stationary lymph nodes. The lateral lymph nodes should also be removed in association with @entity5 under the peritoneal reflection. (3) If hepatic @entity3 was accompanied, the metastatic site should be removed as well as primary site. (4) In the case of late stage, palliative operation was performed. (5) As soon as the @entity5 recur, the second operation will be administered. In the meanwhile, we suggested, in order to maximum increase 5 years survival rate, that multi-measures were adopted.

title: [On the clinical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumors', 'rectal tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of 17 @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) associated with other primary @entity5 occurring in steroid-hormone target tissues. The reproductive history of these @entity1 and the use of exogenous hormones were taken into consideration. In all, 10 RCCs were associated with @entity0 ; 4, with @entity1204 ; and 3, with @entity43 . The presentation of a second @entity5 was described as synchronous or metachronous by evaluation of the interval between the discovery of the two @entity5 . Hormone and surgical treatment as well as pathologic findings for each @entity5 were also reported. In these 17 RCCs the overall rate of disease-specific survival recorded after a mean follow-up period of 32.7 months (range 9-66 months) was 58.8%; 7 @entity1 died of @entity3 after surviving for a mean of 14.7 months. In terms of the pathologic stage of @entity1358 , a significant difference in mean survival was found between pN0 (mean survival 22.1 +/- 3.4 months) and @entity3121 RCCs (mean survival 13.7 +/- 3.5 months). A total of 13 (76.4%) @entity1 were postmenopausal at the time of diagnosis of the first @entity5 ; the mean age of these @entity1 at menopause was 51.7 +/- 1.2 years. No prior use of oral contraceptives was reported by 12 (70.5%) of the 17 @entity1 . Plasma @entity53 and @entity1815 levels were determined in only 7 @entity1 at the diagnosis of each of the @entity5 . High plasma @entity172 levels were found in 4 @entity1 with @entity1358 and @entity0 and in 1 @entity1 with @entity1358 and @entity1204 ; in the remaining 2 @entity1 low-normal values were found. A relationship appears to exist between certain reproductive and hormone-related factors and the risk of developing these @entity5 associations. Data emerging from the present study do not provide strong support for the hypothesis of hormone dependency of @entity1358 ; however, a role for @entity172 in cases in which @entity1358 is associated with other @entity5 involving @entity134 -hormone target tissues can be hypothesized.

title: @entity5 : 17 cases of XXXX associated with @entity5 involving different steroid-hormone target tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17-beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal-cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal-cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity3800 are considered to play a substantial role in pathogenesis of both @entity263 . The importance of determination of @entity342 levels in tissue and serum for @entity5 progression and prognosis has been poorly understood. The aim of study was to find out hormonal differences in both diseases, their correlations between intraprostatic and serum levels and predicted value of their investigation. @entity251 , @entity586 , @entity2671 and also @entity13148 were determined in prostate tissue from 57 @entity1 who underwent transvesical prostatectomy for @entity1067 and 121 @entity1 after radical prostatectomy for @entity263 . In 75 subjects with @entity5 and 51 with @entity1067 the serum samples were analyzed for @entity251 , @entity586 and @entity443 . Significantly higher intraprostatic @entity342 concentrations, i.e. 8.85+/-6.77 versus 6.44+/-6.43 pmol/g, p<0.01 for @entity586 , and 4.61+/-7.02 versus 3.44+/-4.53 pmol/g, p<0.05 for @entity251 , respectively, were found in @entity1 with @entity263 than in @entity1067 . Higher levels in @entity5 tissue were found also for @entity13148 . However, no differences were found in serum levels. Highly significant correlations occurred between all pairs of intraprostatic @entity3800 and also @entity13148 as well as between serum @entity251 and @entity586 (p<0.001) in both @entity1067 and @entity5 groups. Correlation was not found between corresponding tissue and serum @entity251 and @entity586 , either in benign or @entity5 samples. The results point to importance of intraprostatic hormone levels for evaluation of @entity342 status of @entity1 , contrasting to a low value of serum hormone measurement.

title: Tissue and serum levels of principal XXXX in @entity1067 and @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity13148 :: ('MESH:D004845', 'Chemical') :: ['epitestosterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgens', 'androgens']

answer: @entity3800 :: (MESH:D000728,Chemical) :: ['androgens']


abstract: An @entity3958 -producing variant of @entity526 142) isolated from a @entity293 was found to be resistant to high levels of @entity803 , @entity869 , @entity3639 , and @entity11682 . The @entity3958 trait segregated spontaneously at a frequency of 2.5 x 10(-3). No segregation was observed for the drug resistance determinants. Neither @entity5611 nor @entity9186 affected the rate of segregation of the drug resistance determinants or the trait for @entity3958 production. Antibiotic resistance and @entity3957 production were conjugally transferred to @entity2624 recipients at a frequency of approximately 10(-5) per donor cell. Antibiotic resistance and @entity3957 production were also transduced as a single unit with @entity10483 L4. Genetic data, based on the segregation of resistance determinants and the @entity3958 trait among transconjugant and transductant classes, suggested the presence of two R plasmids. Plasmid DNA was isolated by @entity6928 - @entity5611 centrifugation. Two plasmid species were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis of purified plasmid DNA, a large molecule of about 80 x 10(6) daltons (designated pSR12) and a small molecular species of approximately 5.5 x 10(6) daltons (designated pSR13). Transformation studies using purified plasmid DNA showed that the large pSR12 plasmid confers resistance to @entity869 , @entity803 , and @entity3639 and also carries the gene(s) for @entity3958 production. The small pSR13 plasmid confers resistance to @entity3639 and @entity11682 .

title: Genetic and molecular characterization of an XXXX plasmid coding for @entity3957 production and drug resistance.

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity6928 :: ('MESH:C028019', 'Chemical') :: ['cesium chloride']

entities_list: @entity9186 :: ('MESH:D000165', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine orange']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli (strain']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To clarify whether @entity2472 ( @entity2472 ) is developed in renal artery of @entity101 Dahl @entity35 and whether prolonged oral @entity534 treatments prevent development of @entity2472 and @entity101 . DESIGN: The effect of prolonged salt treatment with or without @entity534 on the renal artery was examined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Dahl salt-sensitive and -resistant @entity35 were fed a 0.4 or an 8% @entity1219 diet for 4 weeks. High @entity1372 intake increased arterial pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 . The rings of renal arteries were suspended for isometric tension recording. Only in the @entity101 @entity35 , more than 1 micromol/l @entity934 induced an endothelium-dependent contraction response. The contraction was completely inhibited by @entity3352 or ONO-3708 [prostaglandin H2 (PGH2)/ @entity2404 (TXA2) receptor antagonist], and partially inhibited by @entity17756 (TXA2 synthetase inhibitor). @entity934 -induced relaxation was significantly @entity308 in @entity101 @entity35 , which was partially improved by @entity13078 (PGH2/TXA2 receptor antagonist). Oral @entity534 , but not @entity42469 (orally active PGH2/TXA2 receptor antagonist) treatment, inhibited the contraction and amended the relaxation. The endothelium-independent contraction to TXA2 receptor agonist @entity2872 and relaxation to @entity1854 were not altered by @entity534 treatment The @entity534 treatment reduced blood pressure and @entity1372 retention with increases in urinary @entity6836 -/ @entity8326 - and @entity6708 excretion. @entity2514 treatment also inhibited development of @entity2472 . CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation to @entity934 is caused in part by induction of @entity2472 synthesis/release in renal arteries of @entity101 Dahl @entity35 . @entity534 can attenuate @entity1372 retention and development of @entity101 , which lead to a decrease in @entity2472 synthesis in renal arteries.

title: @entity534 improves endothelial function in renal artery of @entity101 Dahl XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-Arginine', 'L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['endothelium-derived contracting factor', 'EDCF']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The STAT pathways are integral to the inflammatory response and these proteins provide a direct link between the cytokine receptors and cytokine-induced gene transcription. We examined the roles of @entity17843 and @entity9094 in @entity651 after @entity8629 -induced severe acute @entity788 . We hypothesized that a modified organ expression of cytokines and chemokines that occurs in @entity19 may affect the systemic response to severe acute @entity788 . METHODS: Acute @entity788 [13-hourly intraperitoneal injections of @entity8629 (50 microg/kg body weight, 0.2 mL) or the same volume of saline] was induced in wild-type (BALB/c) and transgenic ( @entity17843 or @entity9094 ) @entity19 of the same background, 7 to 8 weeks old. The pancreatic and lung tissues were collected at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after the completion of @entity8629 administration. Tissue leukocyte sequestration was assessed by @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ) activity. Standard histological staining @entity1710 and @entity1711 was performed and blindly scored by a pathologist for evidence of @entity651 ( @entity3126 , @entity409 of neutrophils and mononuclear cells, thickness of alveolar-capillary membrane, perivascular infiltrate, and @entity548 ). RESULTS: @entity8629 -treated wild-type @entity19 exhibited @entity651 score at 1 through 12 h, as compared to saline controls. As compared to wild-type, @entity9094 -deficient @entity19 had @entity651 from 1 to 6 h, with full recovery by 12 h. An opposite pattern was observed in @entity17843 -deficient @entity19 with mild injury seen at 1 and 6 h, and maximal injury at 12 h. @entity10873 activity was significantly increased at 6 h in @entity8629 -treated wild-type @entity19 compared to saline-treated controls. @entity8629 -treated @entity9094 and @entity17843 @entity19 had markedly increased @entity10873 activity as compared with their saline controls during the first 6 h. Both @entity8629 -treated @entity17843 - and @entity9094 -deficient @entity19 had significantly increased @entity10873 activity in comparison with wild-type @entity19 with @entity788 at 6 h. CONCLUSION: We found the maximal @entity651 after @entity8629 -induced @entity788 occurred at different time-points in @entity17843 and @entity9094 -deficient @entity19 . These temporal differences may suggest alternative roles in the systemic inflammatory response associated with @entity788 .

title: The @entity17843 and XXXX pathways in @entity788 -associated @entity651 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['accumulations']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['increased lung injury', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['caerulein', 'Caerulein']

answer: @entity9094 :: (20852(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['STAT6']


abstract: The adipocytokine apelin is a peptide that was isolated from a @entity291 stomach for the first time. This peptide and its receptor are abundantly expressed in the nervous and cardiovascular systems. According to previous studies, @entity36764 protects cardiomyocytes from @entity63 as well as apoptosis. In addition, this peptide has a neuroprotective effect on hippocampal and cultured @entity19 cortical neurons against @entity143 receptor-mediated excitotoxicity. The present study was conducted to determine whether apelin-13 provides protection in transient focal @entity2806 . Focal @entity63 was induced by 60-min @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ), followed by 23-h reperfusion. Saline as a vehicle and apelin-13 at doses of 25, 50, and 100  g were injected intracerebroventriculary (ICV) at the beginning of @entity63 . @entity1188 volume , @entity2657 , @entity66 , and apoptosis were assessed 24 h after @entity2500 . Treatment with apelin-13 at doses of 50 and 100  g ICV markedly reduced total @entity1188 volumes by 45 and 55 %, respectively (P   <   0.001), but injection of apelin at lower dose (25  g) did not change @entity1188 volume significantly (P   >   0.05). In addition, apelin-13 at doses of 50 and 100  g reduced @entity2657 (P   <   0.001) and inhibited apoptosis by decreasing @entity185 activation (P   <   0.001). Apelin-13 did not significantly change @entity51 (P   >   0.05).

title: Apelin-13 protects the brain against ischemic reperfusion injury and @entity2657 in a transient model of focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: The aims of this study were to assess gastric emptying, small bowel transit and @entity694 in @entity1 with @entity1319 , with particular attention to the patterns of @entity694 . Gastrointestinal transit was assessed using a previously validated radiolabeled mixed meal. Fourteen @entity1 with clinical and manometric features of chronic @entity8442 _ classified as @entity16 and 6 as @entity121 , were studied. The results were compared with those from 10 healthy controls studied similarly. Gastric emptying and small bowel transit of solids were significantly slower in both groups of @entity1 than in healthy controls (P less than 0.05). In health, the ileocolonic transit of solid chyme was characterized by intermittent bolus transfers. The mean size of boluses transferred to the colon (expressed as a percentage of ingested radiolabel) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) in @entity1 with @entity121 (10% +/- 4% (SEM)] than in healthy controls (25% +/- 4%) or in @entity1 with @entity16 (25% +/- 4%). The intervals between bolus transfer of solids (plateaus in the @entity694 ) were longer (P less than 0.05) in @entity121 (212 +/- 89 minutes) than in health (45 +/- 7 minutes) or @entity16 (53 +/- 11 minutes). Thus, gastric emptying and small bowel transit were delayed in @entity16 and @entity121 . Bolus filling of the colon was less frequent and less effective in @entity1 with myopathic @entity8442 was preserved in @entity1 with neuropathic @entity8442 .

title: Ileocolonic transfer of solid chyme in small intestinal @entity16 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel neuropathies', 'neuropathies', 'intestinal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal pseudoobstruction, whereas bolus transfer', 'intestinal pseudoobstruction']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic filling curve', 'colonic filling']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal myopathy', 'myopathies']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility disorders']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['myopathies']


abstract: Normal-hearing @entity1 and @entity1 (N: 20) judged damped wave signal trains (3/sec; fc = .35, .5, .7, 1, 1.4, 2, 2.8, or 4 kc/s) to be on the verge from "normal" to "loud," and from "normal" to "soft." Judgments were binaural about 1 m from a loudspeaker. "Normal" (most comfortable ?) loudness was calculated at halfway in db between the two transition zones. A replication showed that 70% of Ss yielded the same "Normal" within 9 db for all fc, while only 35% could yield the same "Normal" within 6 db for all fc. Mean "Normal" for 1 kc/s was 72.8 db @entity16811 re 20 mu Pa. Ss made @entity7804 by adjusting other fc to this standard. Variances of @entity7804 were 2--3 times better (smaller) than of "Normal" estimates. It was suggested that "Otometry" utilize the equal-loudness measurement procedure recommended originally by Victoreen (J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1974, 55, 309-312).

title: A comparison of procedures in "otometry": absolute versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['equal-loudness judgments']

answer: @entity7804 :: (MESH:D012001,Disease) :: ['equal-loudness judgments']


abstract: We studied haemosporidian parasites in the scarlet rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus in a small isolated semicolony during an eight-year period using molecular methods of parasite detection. The scarlet rosefinch is an interesting model of parasite host species. It winters in South Asia which represents a rare exception among European passerines. Males express yellow to red carotenoid-based plumage ornament which is a good predictor of male reproductive success. In 240 blood samples originating from 199 adult individuals, the total parasite prevalence reached 60%. Prevalence varied among years from 36 to 81% in Haemoproteus, 8 to 22% in Plasmodium, and 0 to 14% in Leucocytozoon. Twenty parasite lineages were detected (Haemoproteus: 5 lineages, Plasmodium: 10 lineages, and Leucocytozoon: 5 lineages). Among them, the Haemoproteus ROFI2 lineage, which is a host-specific parasite lineage of the scarlet rosefinch, was the most frequently found. Parasite lineages showed varying degree of lineage specificity. While Haemoproteus lineages detected in the scarlet rosefinch have relatively narrow host breadth restricted mainly to Fringillidae family, Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium lineages generally showed wider host range. The presence of some parasite lineages hitherto detected in sedentary European passerines (SISKIN1, CCF3, BT2) or in @entity14197 @entity14197 at the same locality (ROFI1) suggest local transmission. On the contrary, lineages LK05 and FANTAIL1 that were previously reported exclusively from Asian hosts imply parasite transmission at the scarlet rosefinch wintering sites in South Asia. @entity325 were found in 17% of infected samples and comprised mainly the most frequent lineages. The pattern of concomitant @entity281 seemed to be rather random and matched expected levels based on lineage frequencies. Between-year comparisons revealed that in a majority of the repeatedly captured individual hosts the @entity281 status remained unchanged (individuals stayed uninfected or possessed the same parasite lineages). However, 16 gains and 8 losses of lineages were also reported. We have not found any effect of haemosporidians on male carotenoid ornament expression or host body mass.

title: Haemosporidian parasites of a European passerine wintering in South Asia: diversity, mixed XXXX and effect on host condition.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Mixed infections']

entities_list: @entity14197 :: ('198116', 'Species') :: ['biting midges', 'Culicoides']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Review of the @entity253 following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) at our institution, and their management and outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective study of medical records of 63 @entity1 who underwent 68 transplant operations. SETTING: The Liver Transplant Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital and Red Cross War Memorial @entity1 's Hospital, Cape Town @entity1 : Six @entity1 treated for 9 @entity253 . INTERVENTIONS: Reoperation with biliary reconstruction, or non-operative measures by either endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical outcome and survival following treatment for @entity253 . RESULTS: Biliary complications occurred in 8.8% of @entity1 who underwent transplantation at our institution. These consisted of strictures in 4 @entity1 (with leak in 2), @entity1157 in 1 @entity1 , and unsuspected @entity991 ( @entity991 ) of the recipient duct in 1 @entity1 . The mean time interval of @entity253 following OLT was 8 weeks (range 3-16). Biliary reconstruction was required in 4 @entity1 while 2 @entity1 were treated by endoscopic stenting. After a mean follow-up period of 30 months (range 1-64), 4 @entity1 remained stable, 1 @entity1 developed progressive stricturing of the intrahepatic ducts requiring repeated PTC dilatations, and 1 @entity1 experienced stent blockages requiring endoscopic stent changes (died of unrelated causes). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity253 following OLT at our institution compares favourably with literature reports. While biliary reconstruction is usually needed, endoscopic stenting appears effective in selected cases of @entity253 and leak. @entity991 should be excluded prior to transplantation in young @entity1 with cryptogenic @entity82 .

title: The management of XXXX following orthotopic liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary complications', 'biliary stricture']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary complications']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to document the incidence of lesions of the rotator interval, illustrate the arthroscopic appearance of subtle differences in these lesions, and discuss how various lesions may affect @entity427 tendon stability in the bicipital groove. TYPE OF STUDY: A Data Registry has been used in my office since 1995 (Microsoft Office Access). This study reports on the results of a retrospective database "query" of the prospectively entered data from 1995 to 1998. Thus, by default, the format of this study is a consecutive sample. Only @entity1 with a disruption of rotator cuff tendons, labrum and/or gleno-coracohumeral ligaments are included by study design. METHODS: This study has identified and reports on 46 arthroscopically identified subscapularis tears, 25 "hidden" @entity717 (SGHL/MCHL complex) and 6 SGHL/ @entity978 complex plastic deformation lesions in 165 @entity1 undergoing shoulder arthroscopy for conditions ranging from anterior instability to rotator cuff tears. Arthroscopically identified lesions include partial or complete disruptions of the subscapularis tendon, disruptions of the superior glenohumeral/medial head coracohumeral ligament complex (SGHL/MCHL), disruptions of the lateral head coracohumeral ligament (LCHL), and various combinations of the above. RESULTS: The incidence rate of subscapularis tendon involvement in 165 arthroscopically treated shoulder @entity1 was 27%. The incidence rate of subscapularis tendon disruptions with rotator cuff pathology was 35%. The incidence rate of SGHL/MCHL lesions (tear or stretch) in 165 arthroscopically treated shoulder @entity1 was 18%. The incidence rate of SGHL/MCHL tears in 165 arthroscopically treated shoulder @entity1 was 15%. Forty-seven percent of all subscapularis tears involved the SGHL/ @entity978 complex. Ten percent of all rotator cuff tears involving the supraspinatus tendon involved the LCHL. CONCLUSIONS: This study has recorded the incidence of lesions of the subscapularis, SGHL/MCHL complex and/or the LCHL, and combinations thereof in degenerative cuff and instability @entity1 . Primary lesions of the rotator interval can occur and regardless of the associated pathology, and if these lesions are not repaired, @entity427 tendon subluxation may exist.

title: Subscapularis, medial, and lateral head coracohumeral ligament insertion anatomy. Arthroscopic appearance and incidence of "hidden" XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotator interval lesions']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['rotator interval lesions']


abstract: The genetic variability of the host contributes to the risk of @entity1082 )-related @entity3799 . Immune response genes to HPV must be investigated to define @entity1 with the highest risk of developing @entity5 . The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphic immune response genes, namely @entity9371 , HLA class I and II, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cytokines with @entity66 . We selected 79 non-related, admixed Brazilian @entity1 from the state of Paran  , southern region of Brazil, who were infected with high carcinogenic risk HPV and present @entity3146 grade 3 (CIN3), and 150 HPV-negative @entity1 from the same region matched for ethnicity. @entity9371 genes were genotyped using an in-house PCR-SSP. HLA alleles were typed using a reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide technique. SNPs of @entity310 @entity15646 , @entity650 @entity8996 , @entity379 @entity23595 , @entity2533 +869T> @entity42978 >C, and @entity688 -592C> @entity42979 > @entity42980 >A were evaluated using PCR-SSP. The @entity9371 genes were not associated with HPV, although some pairs of i(inhibitory) @entity9371 -ligands occurred more frequently in @entity1 , supporting a role for NK in detrimental chronic inflammatory and carcinogenesis. Some HLA haplotypes were associated with HPV. The associations of INFG and @entity688 SNPs potentially reflect impaired or invalid responses in advanced lesions.

title: The association of the immune response genes to XXXX -related @entity3799 in a Brazilian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-related cervical disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical disease']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: @entity6708 opens cation-selective channels when applied to the cytoplasmic side of excised patches of membrane from retinal @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ). If the light-sensitive channel in intact rods is gated only by @entity6708 , it should be possible to find a hydrolysis-resistant analog of @entity6708 that blocks the normal response to light by holding the channel open independent of the degree of illumination. We have studied the interaction of @entity8263 ( @entity11255 ) and the SP and @entity6391 phosphorothioate derivatives of @entity6708 [(Sp)- @entity6708 [S] and ( @entity6391 )- @entity6708 [S]) with the @entity6708 phosphodiesterase (PDEase) of @entity1347 , the @entity6708 -sensitive channel of excised @entity1347 patches, and the light-sensitive channel of intact rods. All three analogs were hydrolyzed by PDEase much more slowly than was @entity6708 . The maximal rates of hydrolysis of @entity11255 , (SP)- @entity6708 [S], and ( @entity6391 )- @entity6708 [S] were 7.3, 3.7, and less than 0.2 s-1, respectively, compared with 4000 s-1 for @entity6708 . These analogs are effective competitive inhibitors of the PDEase, with Ki values of 48, 25, and 90 microM, respectively. The @entity377 -activated conductances of excised patches were half-maximal at concentrations of 1.6, 210, and 1200 microM, respectively, compared with 17 microM for @entity6708 . Thus, @entity11255 is a highly potent channel agonist. The effects of these analogs on the dark current and photoresponses of intact rod cells were also measured. A suction electrode monitored membrane current across the @entity1347 , while a patch electrode sealed on the inner segment was used to introduce a @entity6708 analog and to control membrane potential. All three analogs increased the dark current and markedly slowed the response to light flashes. @entity11255 increased the dark current of the outer segment as much as 48-fold. After the concentration of this analog had risen sufficiently, little of the current could be shut off by light, as expected of a direct effect on the light-sensitive channel of the plasma membrane. These results are consistent with the notions that (i) the light-sensitive channel of rods is controlled solely by the instantaneous concentration of @entity6708 and (ii) the @entity6708 -sensitive channel of excised patches is identical to the light-sensitive channel of intact rods.

title: Interaction of hydrolysis-resistant analogs of cyclic GMP with the phosphodiesterase and light-sensitive channel of retinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['rod outer segments', 'ROS']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['rod outer segments']


abstract: @entity2021 has been reported in subjects receiving peripheral blood precursor cell (PBPC) infusions; however the etiologic agent is unclear. Basophils from a PBPC-allergic subject were challenged with each individual component of the stem cell infusion and with recombinant @entity1 (rh)DNAse. @entity112 release data were compared with those using basophils from control subjects. @entity112 release assays were repeated using basophils from a control subject passively sensitized with serum IgE from the @entity1 . Skin testing with @entity291 DNAse was performed using standard techniques. Basophil @entity112 release occurred in the @entity1 , but not in controls, with @entity291 DNAse. No release could be provoked by any of the other components of the infusate; no release could be detected with rhDNAse. Sensitivity to @entity291 DNAse could be transferred to basophils from a control subject with the serum IgE from the @entity1 . Marked epicutaneous skin test reactivity to @entity291 DNAse was evident in the @entity1 , but not in control subjects. We conclude that systemic reactions during peripheral blood precursor cell infusions may represent true IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to @entity291 DNAse in the infusate. Skin testing can detect such sensitivity, and the use of rhDNAse may obviate such reactions.

title: XXXX during autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['Anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['Anaphylaxis']