abstract: @entity5715 (Al), a ubiquitous element in nature is associated with the onset of @entity195 . On the other hand, @entity219 (Zn) is an essential trace element that regulates large number of physiological processes in the @entity1 body. The present study was conducted to explore the role of @entity219 , if any, in regulating apoptotic machinery during Al induced @entity179 in @entity35 . Male @entity35 weighing 140-160  g were divided into four different groups viz: Normal control, Al treated (100  mg/kg b.wt./day), Zn treated (227  mg/l) and combined Al and Zn treated. All the treatments were carried out for a total duration of 8  weeks. Al treatment resulted in a significant increase in the protein expressions of cytochrome c, @entity2310 , @entity15622 , @entity2311 , @entity4124 (p17), @entity12276 , @entity15623 , @entity15624 but decreased the @entity1976 in both the cerebrum and cerebellum. However, Zn supplementation to Al treated @entity35 resulted in a reduction in the protein expressions of cytochrome c, @entity2310 , @entity15622 , @entity2311 , @entity4124 (p17), @entity12276 , @entity15623 and @entity15624 whereas it elevated the @entity1976 in both the regions. Further, gene expressions of @entity4124 and @entity2311 were also found to be elevated after Al treatment, which however were reduced following Zn co-treatment. The electron-microscopic analysis of brain revealed that Al intoxication resulted in a number of degenerative signs at ultrastructural level, which were appreciably improved upon Zn supplementation. The present study suggests that Zn provides protection against Al induced @entity2359 by triggering anti-apoptotic machinery.

title: @entity219 down regulates @entity15622 -dependent @entity2310 / @entity1976 mediated caspases activation during @entity5715 induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'sprague dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['Aluminium']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of clinical staging, to assess survival with surgical resection alone, and to determine factors associated with understaging in @entity1 with @entity420 thought to have limited local-regional disease. BACKGROUND: Primary surgical resection is the preferred treatment in @entity1 with @entity420 clinically staged to have limited nodal disease. This approach requires reliable clinical staging. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of all @entity1 who had primary esophagectomy for clinical stage T1-3 N0-1 @entity420 (seventh edition AJCC) from January 2002 to May 2013. Clinical and pathologic stages were compared and overall survival was analyzed. RESULTS: There were 88 @entity1 who met inclusion criteria. Final pathology confirmed appropriate clinical staging (<= T3N1) in 76% of @entity1 (67/88). There were 21 @entity1 who were understaged (>T3N1), and in all cases, understaging was based on the presence of advanced nodal (N2 or N3) disease. Factors independently associated with understaging were the presence of @entity1282 , @entity5 length >3cm, and poor differentiation. At a median follow-up of 35 months, 63% of all @entity1 (55/88) remain alive. The 5-year survival in correctly staged @entity1 was 67%, compared with 33% for those who were understaged (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Modern clinical staging will accurately identify the majority of @entity1 with @entity420 and limited local-regional disease (<= pT3N1). Survival with surgery alone in correctly staged @entity1 was excellent and unlikely to be improved with neoadjuvant therapy. A combination of @entity1282 , poor differentiation, and @entity5 length >3cm was associated with understaging in 92% of @entity1 . @entity1 with these factors are likely to have more @entity1442 than clinically suspected and may benefit from neoadjuvant therapy before resection.

title: Accuracy of Clinical Staging and Outcome With Primary Resection for Local-Regionally Limited XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early injection of @entity3897 during @entity452 stress echocardiography has been demonstrated in retrospective analyses to reduce the duration and dose of @entity452 infusion, while preserving a similar diagnostic accuracy with a lower incidence of adverse effects. AIM: In our prospective study, we sought to explore the safety of the early @entity3897 - @entity452 stress echocardiography protocol compared to the conventional protocol in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: We enrolled 100 consecutive elderly @entity1 who had been referred to our echocardiography laboratory for evaluation of @entity741 . Once eligible, @entity1 were randomly assigned to undergo either the conventional protocol (Group 1, 50 @entity1 ) or early @entity3897 protocol (Group 2, 50 @entity1 ) where @entity3897 was started at @entity452 infusion rate of 20 microg/kg/min if the heart rate was < 100 beats/min, and at 30 microg/kg/min if the heart rate was < 120 beats/min, (max 2.0 mg). Test duration and total @entity452 dose were calculated. RESULTS: The mean age of the whole study cohort was 69.8 +/- 2.8 years, 54 (54%) being males. @entity1 in Group 1 received a higher total dose of @entity452 (15.7 +/- 0.8 vs 12.2 +/- 1.5 mg) and had a longer test duration (14.3 +/- 3.5 vs 11.5 +/- 1.3 min) as compared to Group 2 (p < 0.01 for both). The two groups received a similar total dose of @entity3897 (NS). Group 1 @entity1 had a higher incidence of @entity67 , non-sustained @entity1165 , @entity955 , and @entity551 . CONCLUSIONS: In elderly @entity1 undergoing @entity452 stress echocardiography, adopting the early @entity3897 protocol offers a shorter test duration and a lower @entity452 dose, with consequently fewer adverse effects.

title: Early XXXX is safer than conventional @entity3897 administration in the elderly undergoing @entity452 stress echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular extra-systoles']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity3897 :: (MESH:D001285,Chemical) :: ['atropine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system treats approximately 3% of @entity1 with @entity5 in the United States each year. We measured the quality of nonmetastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) care in VA as indicated by concordance with National @entity5 Network practice guidelines (six indicators) and timeliness of care (three indicators). @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective medical record abstraction was done for 2,492 @entity1 with incident stages I to III @entity14 diagnosed between October 1, 2003, and March 31, 2006, who underwent definitive @entity14 surgery. @entity1 were treated at one or more of 128 VA medical centers. The proportion of @entity1 receiving guideline-concordant care and time intervals between care processes were calculated. RESULTS: More than 80% of @entity1 had preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen determination ( @entity5 ) and documented clear surgical margins ( @entity5 ). Between 72% and 80% of @entity1 had appropriate referral to a medical oncologist ( @entity5 ), preoperative computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis ( @entity5 ), and adjuvant @entity1487 -based chemotherapy (ie, @entity5 ). Less than half of @entity1 with stages I to III @entity14 (43.5%) had a follow-up colonoscopy 7 to 18 months after surgery. The mean number of days between major treatment events included the following: 26.6 days (standard deviation [SD], 38.2; median, 20 days) between diagnosis and initiation of treatment (in @entity5 ); 64.8 [corrected] days (SD, 54.9; median, 50 days) between definitive surgery and start of adjuvant chemotherapy (in @entity5 ); and 444.2 [corrected] days (SD, 182.1; median, 393 days) between definitive surgery and follow-up colonoscopies (in stages I to III disease). CONCLUSION: Although there is opportunity for improvement in the area of @entity5 surveillance, the VA performs well in meeting established guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of @entity14 .

title: Quality of nonmetastatic XXXX care in the Department of Veterans Affairs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease', 'stages II to III disease', 'cancer', 'ie, stages II to III disease', 'Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep quality declines with age, with less time in deep or @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and reduced amplitude of the delta waves that characterize it. Age-related declines also occur in lean body mass, @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), and @entity442 ( @entity442 ). These changes in @entity25 and anabolic status may be related, as administration of @entity2124 or @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) can enhance @entity25 and decrease awakenings in young @entity1 . Here we examine the relationship between plasma IGF levels and delta @entity25 in older @entity1 . METHODS: The sleep EEG of 30 healthy elderly @entity1 (64 +/- 6 yrs; range 50-75) was recorded on the second of 2 consecutive nights. Plasma samples were drawn within 3 weeks of EEG recording, and IGF levels were assayed by RIA after acid extraction. RESULTS: IGF explained 28% (semi-partial correlation coefficient r = .53; p = .003) of the variance in average delta energy per epoch of @entity25 , after age-related variance was removed. Higher IGF was associated with higher average delta energy. Similar results were obtained for total delta energy during @entity25 (r = .37, p = .04) 4nd time spent in @entity25 (r = .42, p = .02). Other measures of @entity25 (e.g., wakefulness, @entity1949 ) were not correlated with IGF. The IGF delta relationship was minimally influenced by moderator variables such as @entity1955 (T3, T4), and/or body mass index (BMI). CONCLUSION: We conclude that age-adjusted IGF levels in healthy senior @entity1 co-vary significantly with @entity25 and the delta energy that characterizes it.

title: Higher plasma @entity442 levels are associated with increased delta sleep in healthy older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7704 :: ('2691', 'Gene') :: ['GHRH', 'growth hormone releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor 1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow wave sleep', 'SWS', 'sleep quality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hypertensive hypervolemic therapy has been shown to reverse delayed @entity63 after @entity510 . Concern has been raised about systemic complications of therapy, including @entity3126 and @entity741 , especially when high doses of vasopressors are used. @entity1 in whom delayed @entity63 were treated with hypervolemia and @entity2647 were prospectively evaluated for signs of systemic @entity137 . METHODS: Twenty-four consecutive @entity1 treated with hypertensive hypervolemic therapy after @entity510 were studied. Sixty-seven percent had underlying @entity299 , or @entity101 . No @entity1 was excluded because of age or preexisting @entity299 . @entity1 were closely monitored for signs of @entity712 (physical examination, chest x-ray films, arterial blood gases, cardiac index, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, and @entity26 requirement). Indicators of @entity299 and other @entity137 that were monitored included cardiac enzymes, electrocardiograms, serum @entity1011 , electrolyte and @entity880 levels, @entity344 , and urine output. RESULTS: Volume expansion and @entity2647 infusion produced an increase in several hemodynamic parameters including pulmonary artery wedge pressure, which rose 28% (13 +/- 3.6 to 16 +/- 1.9 mm Hg), mean arterial blood pressure, which rose 25% (99 +/- 12.5 to 123 +/- 11.4 mm Hg), and systemic vascular resistance, which rose 46% (1234 +/- 294 to 1739 +/- 315 dyne.s-1.cm-5); however, there was no change in cardiac index (3.9 +/- 0.9 to 4.0 +/- 0.6 L.min-1.m-2). There were no clinically significant episodes of @entity3126 requiring a change in vasopressor therapy and no @entity583 . @entity2647 was stopped in only one @entity1 (incidence, 4%; 95% confidence interval, 0% to 12%), who developed an exacerbation of his preexisting @entity1168 . There was no evidence of noncardiac organ system @entity137 . Eighty-eight percent of the @entity1 exhibited neurological improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertensive hypervolemic therapy with the use of high-dose @entity2647 can be administered with acceptable systemic @entity137 , even in @entity1 with previous @entity299 , provided that close monitoring is performed. To minimize risk, aggressive treatment should probably be reserved for @entity1 with signs of delayed @entity63 rather than administered prophylactically.

title: Safety of hypertensive hypervolemic therapy with @entity2647 in the treatment of delayed XXXX after @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'extracerebral toxicity']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic deficits']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motility']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine', 'phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease, vascular disease', 'cardiac ischemia', 'cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic deficits']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe variations in ways of experiencing @entity565 management among general practitioners (GPs) in Sweden. DESIGN: Descriptive and explorative study using a phenomenographic approach. Semi-structured tape-recorded face-to-face interviews, focusing on the GP's own experiences regarding @entity565 management. SETTING: Primary health care. SUBJECTS: Twenty GPs (12 @entity1 , eight @entity1 ) from 16 health centres in seven counties in central Sweden, 15 from rural areas and small cities and five from medium sized cities or Stockholm suburbs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Descriptions of ways of experiencing @entity565 management. RESULTS: Four categories were identified, which described qualitatively different ways of experiencing @entity565 management: A. The GP focuses on transferring factual knowledge to the @entity1 ; B. The GP primarily addresses the @entity1 ' application of knowledge in management of the disease; C. The GP aims at improving the @entity1 ' understanding of the disease and its management as a prerequisite for self-management; D. The GP concentrates on how to maintain/improve the @entity1 's quality of life despite the @entity66 . CONCLUSION: The GPs describe their ways of experiencing @entity565 management in qualitatively different ways, likely to have implications for @entity1 care and educational programmes on @entity565 for GPs.

title: Ways of experiencing XXXX management. Variations among general practitioners in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['asthma disease']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: There is a lack of studies of @entity174 ( @entity174 ). Only five were published in the last fifty years. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of @entity14479 and @entity281 ( @entity8782 ), infection-related root resorption ( @entity12623 ), @entity3947 -related resorption (ARR), @entity604 ( @entity604 ), and @entity2524 ( @entity2524 ) as well as to identify the possible risk factors for teeth involved in an isolated alveolar process @entity174 . In the second part, any late complications of the involved teeth were reported in @entity1 who responded to a follow-up examination. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study was a retrospective analysis of 126 @entity1 with 329 traumatized permanent teeth treated in a regional dental @entity130 clinic. Follow-up examination was performed on 31 (24.6%) @entity1 with 75 (22.8%) teeth. The risks of @entity6841 , @entity8782 , RR, @entity604 and @entity2524 were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Possible risk factors for @entity6841 (stage of root development, @entity174 position in relation to the root apex, concomitant injury, treatment delay and antibiotics) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE). The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS: @entity6841 was observed in 43% of the teeth and it was significantly associated with the presence of a concomitant injury and complete root formation. @entity8782 was recorded in 2.8%, root resorption (RR; @entity12623 and ARR) in 4%, @entity604 in 8%, and @entity2524 in 0.6% of the teeth. Thirty four percent of the teeth were assumed to have normal pulps but they did not respond to pulp sensibility testing. At the follow-up examination, @entity6841 was found in 49%, @entity8782 in 28%, RR ( @entity12623 and ARR) in 4%, @entity604 in 17%, and @entity2524 in 5%. Estimated risk after a 5-year follow-up: @entity6841 : 48.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 42.0-54.5), @entity12623 : 7.2 (95% CI: 3.5-10.9), ARR: 33.0% (95% CI: 22.4-43.6), BL: 16.7% (95% CI: 9.6-23.8), @entity2524 : 4.0% (95% CI: 0.0-8.5). The following factors significantly increased the risk of @entity6841 : mature root development (hazard ratio (HR): 7.50 (95% CI: 1.84-30.64), p=0.005) and concomitant injury (HR: 2.68 (95% CI: 1.76-4.09), p < 0.001). In a logistic regression model, teeth with mature roots had a 3-fold risk of becoming non-responsive to pulp testing. CONCLUSION: Teeth involved in an isolated alveolar process @entity174 and managed with a conservative treatment approach appear to have a good prognosis. The most common complication was @entity6841 which did not negatively affect the survival of the teeth after root canal treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A retrospective study of isolated XXXX in the permanent dentition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures of the alveolar process', 'FAP', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity14479 :: ('MESH:D003790', 'Disease') :: ['pulp necrosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['MBL', 'marginal bone loss']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection (PN), pulp canal obliteration']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures of the alveolar process']


abstract: The proliferation kinetics and population renewal of recombinant @entity2047 ( @entity5041 )-induced @entity19 lymphokine activated killers (LAK) arising from splenic precursors was studied. Extensive proliferation has been shown to accompany the de novo generation of LAK @entity137 . In this report, a @entity1014 'hot pulse' suicide technique was employed to examine the sensitivity of LAK progenitors during various time periods following culture initiation. Hot pulse during the first 24 hr of culture resulted in a 30-35% reduction in @entity3457 when assayed on day 5. Pulse periods between days 1 and 4 resulted in almost complete inhibition (90-95%) of lytic function when assayed on day 5. Proliferation of LAK progenitors was documented by limiting dilution analysis comparison of splenic precursors and functionally mature LAK cultures. These studies showed a 75- to 80-fold enrichment of LAK progenitors after 3 days culture in @entity5041 . By flow cytometric cell cycle analysis, we demonstrated that the number of cells in the S/G2/M phase increased with the length of @entity5041 culture and represented approximately 40% of the cells by day 4. Finally, we used the rate of decay of @entity3457 following irradiation as a factor to define the mean life span of a cytotoxic effector in the absence of cellular input. An exponential decrease to approximately 50% of controls was observed within 8-9 hr after irradiation. Taken together, these results suggest that the LAK system is highly dynamic and requires continuous cellular proliferation for its maintenance.

title: Population dynamics of the XXXX lymphokine activated killer system: precursor frequency and kinetics of maturation and renewal.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['lytic activity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The literature is not clear on the best method to empirically dose chemotherapy in @entity28 adult @entity1 . The purpose of our study was to determine whether a standard of practice existed, characterize current practices of @entity2166 ( @entity2166 ) in @entity28 adult @entity1 , and identify factors affecting this decision. METHODS: An electronic survey was distributed to oncologists and board-certified oncology pharmacists via the Association of @entity5 Centers and Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties e-mail distribution lists. The survey contained @entity1 scenarios assessing the impact of various factors on @entity2166 of chemotherapy, demographic information, and details of institutional policies. RESULTS: Responses were collected from 174 professionals. Pharmacists comprised 95% of respondents. Of these, 50% practiced in academic medical centers, and 19% practiced in institutions with a standard of practice regarding @entity2166 for @entity28 . The most common methods of @entity2166 were use of an adjusted body weight in the body-surface area (BSA) equation and capping BSA. Factors with the most impact on @entity2166 were curative intent, degree of @entity28 , type of chemotherapy, and performance status. CONCLUSION: There is no standard of practice regarding @entity2166 of chemotherapy in @entity28 adult @entity1 . Although many factors affect this decision, intent of treatment, degree of @entity28 , performance status, age, and type of medication seem to carry the most weight.

title: Description of current practices of empiric chemotherapy dose adjustment in @entity28 adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['EDA', 'empiric dose adjustment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Community Cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neural crest-associated @entity4297 in @entity1 are among the most lethal and costly to treat. In avian and @entity19 embryos with @entity6647 ( @entity6647 ), the most severe of the @entity6648 , there is poor cardiac function because of impaired excitation-contraction coupling. One possible explanation for poor excitation-contraction coupling is that peripheral junctions, composed of closely associated sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 release channels ( @entity8452 receptors) and surface membrane L-type @entity141 channels ( @entity7236 receptors), are not well colocalized. OBJECTIVE: To compare the degree of colocalization of these two @entity141 channel proteins in isolated ventricular myocytes from normal hearts and hearts with @entity6647 . ANIMALS AND METHODS: @entity6647 was induced in the embryonic @entity1573 by laser ablation of the cardiac neural crest before migration from the neural tube. Immunofluorescent staining of @entity7236 and @entity8452 receptors along with computer-assisted image analysis was used to measure relative colocalization. RESULTS: @entity7236 and @entity8452 receptor colocalization was greater by 20% in embryos with @entity6647 . Much of the increase appeared to result from a 14% increase in the area stained for @entity8452 receptors. A third observation was that a high level of colocalization was maintained even after enzymatic dissociation in which the embryonic myocytes had typically lost their elongated appearance and assumed a spherical shape. CONCLUSIONS: The increased colocalization of @entity7236 and @entity8452 receptors in hearts with @entity6647 may be a compensatory response to a defect at the level of single @entity141 channel proteins. These results indicate the high degree of stability of sarcoplasmic reticulum junctional complexes.

title: Colocalization of XXXX and @entity8452 receptors in developing heart with a neural crest-associated defect.

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydropyridine', 'dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity6647 :: ('MESH:D014339', 'Disease') :: ['persistent truncus arteriosus', 'PTA']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity6648 :: ('MESH:C536408', 'Disease') :: ['neural crest anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity7236 :: (MESH:C038806,Chemical) :: ['dihydropyridine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6315 develops due to different causes including postoperative @entity32 and oncological processes. However, limited effective therapy is available for @entity6315 . The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of a portal vein stent for @entity6315 after hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery and to determine the factors associated with stent patency. METHODS: From December 2003 to December 2015, portal vein stents were implanted in 29 @entity1 who had @entity6315 after hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery. We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of portal vein stent placement. Twelve clinical variables were analyzed for their role in stent patency. RESULTS: The symptoms before portal vein stent placements included nine @entity1 with @entity99 , six @entity1 with @entity360 , four @entity1 with @entity843 , and four @entity1 with @entity3638 . @entity715 due to @entity86 was found in four @entity1 . Portal vein stent were successfully implanted without any major complications. Of the 21 @entity1 with symptoms, 17 showed improvement, and stent patency was maintained in 22 (76%) @entity1 . The presence of a collateral vein is the only variable related to the development of an occlusion after portal stenting. CONCLUSION: Portal vein stent were implanted safely and had good long-term patency. This procedure is useful to relieve portal @entity101 -related symptoms and to improve the quality of life. Our data strongly suggest that embolization to block blood flow in a collateral vein during portal vein stent placement will improve the patency of the stent.

title: Portal vein stent placement for the treatment of postoperative XXXX : long-term success and factor associated with stent failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative portal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['Portal vein stenosis', 'portal vein stenosis']

answer: @entity6315 :: (MESH:C563407,Disease) :: ['portal vein stenosis']


abstract: Thirty-three cases of @entity4797 with palpable @entity1625 were treated at the Cancer Control Agency of B.C. between 1948 and 1983. Twenty-three had disease confined to the abdomen (Stage IIB), eight had simultaneous involvement of mediastinal and supraclavicular nodes (Stage IIIB) and two had bone or pulmonary metastases (Stage IV). Five and 10-year disease-specific actuarial survivals for the whole group were 87% and 81%, respectively. Corresponding relapse-free survival was 64%. Of the twenty-three IIB cases, 15 had primary treatment with abdominal radiation only, and eight had prophylactic mediastinal/supraclavicular radiation. Although relapse in IIB was more common in the group receiving abdominal radiation only, survival was unchanged. For the entire IIB group, 5- and 10-year disease-specific actuarial survivals were 91% and 84%, respectively, and corresponding relapse-free survival was 74%. The eight IIIB @entity1 were treated primarily with radiation. Four @entity1 relapsed, all in extranodal sites. Two of these died of disease. Both Stage IV @entity1 required radiation and chemotherapy for long-term disease control. Stage IIB disease can be treated primarily with abdominal radiation, but radiation alone is inadequate when bulky @entity1625 is associated with supradiaphragmatic lymphatic spread or hematogenous metastases.

title: XXXX with bulky @entity1625 .

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal disease']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['Management of seminoma']


abstract: The Swiss group for clinical @entity5 research (SAKK) completed two first line protocols for the treatment of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). In the first protocol (SAKK @entity3052 74, from August 1974 to April 1977; 107 @entity1 ) the effectiveness of immunization with viral oncolysate during maintenance treatment was tested. After successful induction treatment, the @entity1 were randomized in two groups: Group A: monthly maintenance chemotherapy for 2 years and group A+IT, which received the same maintenance chemotherapy regimen plus, on day 15, injection of viral oncolysate. Of the 107 @entity1 , 57 (53%) achieved complete remission, 29 then being randomized to group A, 28 to group A+IT. As of August 1984, there is no statistical difference between the survival times of the two groups (p = 0.288). Ten years after the start of the study there is still no clear plateau of the survival curve. Nine percent of all @entity1 (18% of the remission @entity1 ) are alive today. With the treatment of the mid-seventies, therefore, the cure of a @entity1 suffering from @entity3052 was a rare event. The second protocol (SAKK @entity3052 77, from April 1977 to April 1982; 162 @entity1 ) was designed to evaluate the usefulness of a prolonged maintenance treatment after early consolidation. The 74 @entity1 who were still in remission after early consolidation treatment were assigned to either maintenance chemotherapy or to observation only. At 3.5 years after the last @entity1 's entry there was no difference between the groups in duration of survival (p = 0.332).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term results of two Swiss XXXX studies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fascin is an actin cross-linking protein, which is part of the cytoskeleton and involved in cell motility in several cell types. The differentiation of epithelial cells is greatly influenced by cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions, which play an important role in the normal organisation and stabilisation of epithelial cells and maintain the cells in a non-migratory state. The malignant conversion of epithelial cells results from a phenotypic switch to a migratory state, which allows @entity5 invasion beyond the basement membrane, as well as @entity3 . Such a switch requires complex rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton and is governed by multiple actin-binding proteins including fascin. In non-neoplastic lymphoid tissue, fascin expression is highly selective and is predominantly localised in dendritic cells, while lymphocytes, plasma cells, etc are uniformly non-reactive. However, all or nearly all Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants in all types of @entity978 express fascin and are strongly immunoreactive for fascin. CONCLUSION: @entity706 (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's) are among the commonest @entity5 seen in our practice. The Section of Histopathology at the Aga Khan University, Karachi is the largest centre for histopathology in Pakistan, a densely populated country with an estimated population of 170 million. The authors wanted to test the utility of Fascin in distinguishing between @entity978 and morphologically closely related forms of @entity1893 such as diffuse large B cell @entity1893 and @entity2108 in difficult cases. If found useful, this antibody could help us in reaching a correct diagnosis in difficult cases and allow appropriate @entity1 management.

title: Is fascin really a useful marker in distinguishing between classical @entity978 and various types of XXXX in difficult cases?

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: Components I and II of cytochrome cd1 which had different spectral features were purified from the aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, @entity22845 . Component I showed an absorption maxima at 700 and 406 nm in the oxidized form, and at 621, 552.5, 548 and 416 nm in the reduced form. Component II showed an absorption maxima at 635 and 410 nm in the oxidized form and at 628, 552.5, 548 and 417 nm in the reduced form. The relative molecular mass, Mr, of both cytochromes was determined to be 135,000 with two identical subunits. Components I and II showed pI values of 7.6 and 6.8, respectively. The redox potential of hemes ranged from +234 mV to +242 mV, except for the @entity1446 d1 of component I (Em7 = +134 mV). Components I and II showed both cytochrome c oxidase and @entity3542 reductase activities. Cytochrome c oxidase activity was strongly inhibited by a low concentration of @entity3542 and @entity3789 . Erythrobacter cytochromes c-551 and c-552 were utilized as electron donors for the cytochrome c oxidase reaction. The high affinity of cytochrome c-552 to component II (Km = 1.27 microM) suggested a physiological significance for this cytochrome. Erythrobacter cytochromes cd1 are unique in their presence in cells grown under aerobic conditions as compared to other bacterial cytochromes cd1 which are formed only under denitrifying conditions.

title: Two types of cytochrome cd1 in the aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity22845 :: ('375451', 'Species') :: ['Erythrobacter sp. strain OCh 114']

answer: @entity22845 :: (375451,Species) :: ['Erythrobacter sp. OCh 114']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The goal of this study was to identify immunological markers for use in antigen-specific assays that predict long-term survival after renal allograft and distinguish stable-functioning (SP) @entity1 from poorly functioning (PP) @entity1 . For this prospective study, 20 @entity1 were enrolled. Eight SP and six PP @entity1 were enrolled in this study. Serum cytokine/chemokine levels were analyzed by the Luminex multiplex assay. To detect indirect alloreactive T cells, we performed indirect mixed lymphocyte reaction using donor-antigen-pulsed autologous dendritic cells as stimulators. Serum induced protein-10 levels were significantly higher in the serum of PP @entity1 , whereas sCD40L levels were higher in SP @entity1 . The PP @entity1 had significantly higher numbers of donor-specific @entity404 (+)CD43(high)CD45RO(+) T cells after indirect allostimulation, whereas this cell population was unchanged in SP @entity1 . The donor-specific @entity404 (+)CD43(high)CD45RO(+) T cells had the effector memory T cell phenotype. Prospectively, we studied whether these cells influence graft outcome and found that their strong proliferation in pre-transplant @entity1 is related to a poorly functioning graft. Indirectly allostimulated @entity404 (+)CD43(high)CD45RO(+) T cells may not only contribute to @entity740 development but may also have a role in the progression of acute rejection. Thus, these cells may have potential use as immune-monitoring markers in a noninvasive in  vitro assay that predicts graft outcome.

title: Involvement of indirectly allostimulated @entity404 +CD43highCD45RO+ T cell proliferation in the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allograft nephropathy']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic allograft nephropathy']


abstract: In the present study, the Cavitron 2002 ultrasonic scaler was compared with the Titan-S air scaler in 20 subjects with @entity2522 or slight periodontitis, whereby the majority of the @entity1 suffered from @entity2522 . A split mouth experimental design was used. However, @entity1 did not receive any oral hygiene instructions during the study in order to allow the observation of the true effect of instrumentation. The outcome of a one-time treatment was assessed after 4, 14, 28, and 56 days. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), papilla bleeding index (PBI), plaque index ( @entity19607 ), @entity92 ( @entity92 ), and relative attachment level (AL) were measured. Both treatments resulted in a statistically significant decrease of clinical signs of @entity32 (PBI: p < 0.001). Probing depths decreased (p < 0.001) and a small gain of attachment of 0.11 mm +/- 0.05 mm (p < 0.001) was observed. Following treatment, a statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease in GCF and @entity19607 was observed between baseline and day 4. No statistically significant difference between the instruments' influences on the evaluated clinical parameters could be found. Thus it can be concluded indirectly that the Cavitron 2002 and the Titan-S are both useful instruments for scaling of tooth and root surfaces.

title: Sonic and ultrasonic scalers in a clinical comparison. A study in non-instructed XXXX with @entity2522 or slight adult periodontitis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an interactive self-management Website for @entity1 with @entity615 would significantly improve emotional management, coping, self-efficacy to manage @entity158 , @entity158 levels, and physical functioning compared with standard text-based materials. DESIGN: The study utilized a pretest-posttest randomized controlled design comparing Website ( @entity615 ) and control (text-based material) conditions at baseline and at 1-, 3, and 6-month follow-ups. @entity1 : Two hundred and nine @entity1 with @entity615 were recruited through dissemination of study information online and at a @entity158 treatment clinic. The 6-month follow-up rates for the Website and control groups were 73% and 84%, respectively. MEASUREMENTS: Measures were based on the recommendations of the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and @entity158 Assessment in Clinical Trials and included measures of @entity158 intensity, physical functioning, emotional functioning, coping, self-efficacy, fear-avoidance, perceived improvement with treatment, self-efficacy, and catastrophizing. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity615 @entity1 reported significantly: 1) lower stress; 2) increased coping self-statements; and 3) greater use of social support. Comparisons between groups suggested clinically significant differences in current @entity158 intensity, @entity308 , @entity148 , stress, and global ratings of improvement. Among @entity1 recruited online, those using the Website reported significantly: 1) lower "worst" @entity158 ; 2) lower "average" @entity158 ; and 3) increased coping self-statements, compared with controls. @entity1 recruited through the @entity158 clinic evidenced no such differences. CONCLUSIONS: An online self-management program for @entity1 with @entity615 can lead to improvements in stress, coping, and social support, and produce clinically significant differences in @entity158 , @entity308 , @entity148 , and global rates of improvement.

title: @entity615 : a self-management website for XXXX with @entity615 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic back pain', 'painACTION-Back Pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Traumatic @entity2849 are relatively frequently mentioned in textbooks of pathology and forensic medicine but their incidence in pathological reports is seldom documented. Our described case presented a @entity1 who suffered from chronic @entity988 and who was repeatedly hospitalised because of various injuries including epidural and @entity3439 . We present a case of a 69-year-old @entity1 who was hospitalised after nonspecific blunt @entity764 with @entity662 and @entity1282 . By computed tomography the traumatic @entity2849 of the descendent thoracic aorta was diagnosed pressing the oesophageal wall which was solved by implantation of aortal stent graft (TEVAR - thoracic endovascular @entity449 ). Since after the implantation there was no blood leak, no progression of the lesion, he was soon discharged from hospital. The @entity1 was hospitalised again after two months for newly developed haemoptysis. On suspicion of @entity548 from aortal arch a carotid-carotid bypass from right to left side was performed and then re-TEVAR was implanted proximally to the first one. The @entity1 died two days following the implantation after a massive @entity548 from oesophagus due to aortoesophageal fistula. The presented case deals with the etiology of the development of @entity2849 , histomorphological picture of @entity2849 resembling not only an isolated thoracic @entity3665 but slightly also the @entity66 . We suppose that in this case the most probable cause of @entity39 and perforation of aortal wall was a decubital @entity39 caused by stent graft which led to the @entity39 . Aortoesophageal fistula belongs to the most common lethal complications of the TEVAR.

title: [Traumatic XXXX of descendent thoracic aorta solved by aortal stentgraft repair followed by development of fatal aortoesophageal fistula].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic/aneurysm repair']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Takayashu disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'fatal aortoesophageal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injury']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small, dense low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (sdLDL-C) has been linked to the progression of @entity65 . We compared two methods for determination of sdLDL-C, a direct enzymatic (ENZ) method and a @entity2975 tube gel electrophoresis (PGE) assay, and investigated the associations of both sdLDL-C measurements with @entity209 . METHODS: We analyzed 242 @entity1 sera for sdLDL and @entity731 -related markers. The PGE method separates the intermediate-density lipoprotein particles into three midbands (MID-A to MID-C) and the LDL particles into seven subfractions (LDL1 to LDL7); the sdLDL-PGE result is calculated as the sum of @entity165 concentrations from LDL3 to LDL7. RESULTS: The regression equation for sdLDL-C was [ENZmmol/L]=0.779[PGE]+0.67, r=0.713. ENZ showed higher sdLDL-C concentrations than PGE (0.86  0.33 vs. 0.24  0.32 mmol/L); however, the difference was not associated with sdLDL-C concentration (p=0.290). sdLDL-C, as measured with the enzymatic assay, exhibited significant positive correlations with very-low-density lipoprotein, MID-C, MID-B, and LDL2 (all p<0.001), considered atherogenic lipoproteins, but did not correlate with the less atherogenic lipoproteins MID-A and LDL1 (all p>0.600). The ENZ and PGE methods yielded similar patterns of correlation between sdLDL-C, and @entity731 -related markers. Using logistic regression, @entity755 were identified as significant predictors of @entity209 (p<0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The ENZ assay for sdLDL-C correlated well with the PGE method. The ENZ method measures a broader range of atherogenic lipoprotein particles than PGE and has the potential to identify subjects with vascular risk, thus contributing in directing specific interventions for cardiovascular prevention.

title: Comparison of a direct enzymatic assay and XXXX tube gel electrophoresis for measurement of small, dense low-density lipoprotein @entity165 .

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['sdLDL-ENZ and apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2975 :: (CHEBI:51135,Chemical) :: ['polyacrylamide']


abstract: Twenty-nine @entity1 with recurrent sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity1167 underwent baseline, early (after 2 weeks of therapy) and late (after 5 months, mean) electrophysiologic studies during oral @entity2643 therapy. Inducible sustained @entity1165 was present in all @entity1 at baseline study, in 21 of 22 at early and in 26 of 29 at late study. The cycle length of induced @entity1165 increased from 263 +/- 60 msec at baseline study to 305 +/- 58 msec at early follow-up study and to 318 +/- 64 msec at late study (p less than .05 = baseline vs late study). The ventricular effective refractory period increased from 237 +/- 22 msec at the baseline study to 253 +/- 26 msec at early and to 268 +/- 24 msec at late study (p less than 0.05 baseline vs early, baseline vs late and early vs late study). Twenty-four @entity1 had no recurrent @entity1165 or @entity1167 on @entity2643 (group 1). Five @entity1 had recurrent @entity943 (group 2). In group 1, the ventricular effective refractory period increased by 39 +/- 19 msec, but in group 2 decreased by 4 +/- 27 from baseline to late follow-up study (p less than 0.05). Similarly, in group 1 the cycle length of induced @entity1165 increased by a mean of 75 +/- 56 msec but decreased in group 2 by a mean of 11 +/- 81 msec from baseline to late follow-up study (p less than 0.05). From the above findings we conclude: Chronic electrophysiologic effects of @entity2643 are not completely manifest after 2 weeks of oral therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : correlation of early and late electrophysiologic studies with outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['Amiodarone']


abstract: Using an in vitro differentiation system, we reevaluated the stages of development during which retinal neurons become postmitotic in @entity1238 . We also examined whether @entity1713 and removal of the pigment epithelium stimulated proliferation of previously postmitotic retinal cells. Retinas with and without an adherent pigment epithelium (stages 24-40 and stage 33/34, respectively) were removed from @entity1238 embryos, placed in culture and allowed to differentiate in the presence of @entity665 . After 2 days, eyes were fixed and processed for autoradiography. The proportion of labeled to unlabeled nuclei in the posterior pole of the retina was determined for each of the three cell layers. Early in development, most unlabeled cells were found in the ganglion cell layer; at stage 24, 53% of the cells showed no labeling, but by stage 32-33/34 all of the cells present were unlabeled. Within the outer nuclear layer, 17% of the cells failed to incorporate the @entity665 at stage 24 and by stage 33/34, 100% of the cells were unlabeled. Within the inner nuclear layer, 13.5% of the cells failed to show labeling at stage 24, whereas at stage 40, none of the cells were labeled. There was no difference in the proportion of labeled to unlabeled nuclei in any of the cell layers when retinas were allowed to differentiate either with or without an adherent pigment epithelium. These results indicate that as early as stage 24, some cells that will become positioned in each of the nuclear strata fail to incorporate @entity665 , suggesting that these cells become postmitotic very early in neurogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cell birthdays in XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'X. laevis']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endovascular stent grafting has been increasingly used as an alternative treatment modality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immediate and short-term results of endovascular stent grafting repair after blunt @entity764 due to @entity130 . METHODS: A review of a tertiary @entity130 center registry identified all @entity1 who suffered blunt @entity764 from 2002 to 2006. All @entity1 underwent either open repair with synthetic graft interposition or endovascular stent grafting (EVS) of the descending thoracic aorta. Type and severity of @entity130 , clinical factors, and outcome were compared between groups. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: Endovascular stent grafting was performed in 22 @entity1 , and 10 @entity1 underwent open surgical repair. In the open group, the 30-day mortality rate was 10%, the @entity451 rate was 10%, and incidence of major complications was 30%, which were comparable with the incidences observed in the EVS group of 4.5%, 4.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were demonstrated. Multivariate regression analysis identified associated @entity764 as the main independent predictor of hospital length of stay (p = 0.03, 95% confidence interval: 0.53 to 18.85). In the EVS group, 1 @entity1 died in the short-term follow-up period and 2 cases of endovascular leak required additional treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Although postoperative mortality and morbidity between open and endovascular repair were comparable, EVS can be considered a safe alternative treatment modality in the therapeutic algorithm of blunt @entity764 particularly for the higher risk multitrauma @entity1 .

title: Endovascular versus open repair for blunt XXXX : short-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injury', 'thoracic aortic injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury, concomitant injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity3996 ( @entity10319 ) on SGC- 7901 cells. METHODS: @entity137 and cell viability of @entity356 cell line SGC- 7901 were assayed by @entity98 method. Morphologic assessment of apoptosis was performed with fluorescence microscope. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry. Histone H3 acetylation was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: @entity10319 showed apparently cytotoxicity in SGC- 7901 cells. The growth curve showed the growth ratio decreased with the increase of @entity10319 concentration. Apoptosis rate were significantly different between @entity10319 treated group(75 ng/ml for 72 h)and control group (P < 0.05). Morphologic changes of apoptosis including nuclear chromatin condensation and fluorescence strength were observed with fluorescence microscope. @entity10319 treatment (75 ng/ml for 72 h) sensitively induced apoptosis in the cell,which was demonstrated by the migration of many cells to the sub- G1 phase,the reduction of G1- phase cells and the increment of apoptosis rate (29.54%) in flow cytometric analysis. The expression of acetylated histone H3 was increased in @entity10319 group(75 ng/ml) for 48 h compared with control group by Western blot. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10319 can induce SGC- 7901 cell apoptosis. The expression of acetylated histone H3 may contribute to the apoptosis.

title: [Impact of @entity3996 on XXXX cell line SGC-7901].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: The practice of mindfulness meditation was used in a 10-week Stress Reduction and Relaxation Program to train @entity1118 @entity1 in self-regulation. The meditation facilitates an attentional stance towards proprioception known as detached observation. This appears to cause an "uncoupling " of the sensory dimension of the @entity158 experience from the affective/evaluative alarm reaction and reduce the experience of suffering via cognitive reappraisal. Data are presented on 51 @entity1118 @entity1 who had not improved with traditional medical care. The dominant @entity158 categories were low back, neck and shoulder, and @entity10 . @entity158 , @entity951 , noncoronary @entity662 , and @entity158 were also represented. At 10 weeks, 65% of the @entity1 showed a reduction of greater than or equal to 33% in the mean total @entity158 Rating Index (Melzack) and 50% showed a reduction of greater than or equal to 50%. Similar decreases were recorded on other @entity158 indices and in the number of medical symptoms reported. Large and significant reductions in @entity1316 and @entity146 symptomatology accompanied these changes and were relatively stable on follow-up. These improvements were independent of the @entity158 category. We conclude that this form of meditation can be used as the basis for an effective behavioral program in self-regulation for @entity1118 @entity1 . Key features of the program structure, and the limitations of the present uncontrolled study are discussed.

title: An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for XXXX @entity1 based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbance']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'GI pain', 'Facial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There has been no reliable and valid instrument to measure health-related quality of life for Asian @entity1 with @entity409 . The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a @entity409 -specific quality of life (CLD-QOL) questionnaire for Korean @entity1 with @entity409 . METHODS: Content-validated items were evaluated psychometrically in 271 @entity1 with @entity409 recruited from seven university hospitals in Korea. The @entity1 were asked to complete a preliminary questionnaire comprising the content-validated items and the Short Form-36 Health Survey. The @entity1 -Pugh classification was used to classify the severity of @entity1575 . RESULTS: Factor analysis extracted a five-factor solution from 27 preliminary items, which were generated by an expert panel and a pilot study, but factor and a multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that four items were not loaded significantly on any factor, suggesting that the four items might be heterogeneous. After deletion of these four items, a multiscaling analysis strongly supported item convergence and discriminant validity. The CLD-QOL was associated significantly with the @entity1 -Pugh classification and the type of @entity1 status (inpatient/outpatient) and was moderately correlated with the subscales of the Short Form-36 Health Survey. The values of Cronbach's alpha for the subscales of the novel CLD-QOL questionnaire were all greater than 0.70. CONCLUSIONS: The novel CLD-QOL questionnaire we developed is an easily applicable tool that exhibits excellent psychometric properties for Korean @entity1 with @entity409 . It is recommended for the CLD-QOL to apply for Asian @entity1 with @entity409 .

title: Development and psychometric evaluation of a XXXX -specific quality of life questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['chronic liver disease']


abstract: A 66 years old @entity1 visited our hospital with a chief complaint of @entity812 and abdominal palpable mass. Abdominal enhanced computed tomography scan showed a large @entity3928 with infiltrating surrounding tissue in the right kidney. We diagnosed it infected @entity1358 because of high grade fever and acute inflammatory response. It was surgically unresectable @entity5 . Therefore, percutaneous puncture and drainage was performed under ultrasound guidance. In the culture of drainage fluid, @entity526 (E. coli) was isolated. Then, we confirmed reduction in the size of the @entity5 , right radical nephrectomy was performed. Because of @entity5 invasion to ascending colon, we performed the excision of right kidney together with ascending colon. Histological study confirmed target-shaped Michaelis-Gutmann body, and the definitive diagnosis was @entity16207 of the kidney. We reported a case of renal @entity16207 that was difficult to distinguish from @entity1358 . Our case is 12th case of renal @entity16207 in the Japanese literature.

title: [A case of renal XXXX that was difficult to distinguish from @entity1358 ].

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['right flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['cystic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity16207 :: ('MESH:D008287', 'Disease') :: ['malacoplakia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity16207 :: (MESH:D008287,Disease) :: ['malacoplakia']


abstract: Chronic use of @entity888 is related to behavioral disturbances including @entity308 , @entity146 , and social isolation. These alterations of social behavior may be attributable to @entity73 . However, few studies have evaluated social cognition in @entity888 (MA) abusers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether MA abusers exhibit social @entity73 in terms of @entity2652 recognition and theory of mind (ToM). We also assessed @entity73 by using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to evaluate the impact of this function on social cognition. Twenty-eight MA abusers and twenty-seven healthy subjects enrolled in this study. All @entity1 performed the Facial Emotion Recognition Task and advanced ToM tasks such as the Eye Test and Hinting Task. The Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and computerized versions of the WCST were also administrated. The performances of MA abusers on the Facial Emotion Recognition Task and Eyes Test were lower than those of healthy subjects. In the WCST, MA abusers completed significantly fewer categories and made more total and perseverative errors than healthy subjects did. In addition, impairments in @entity73 are correlated with @entity73 recognition and ToM within MA abusers. These findings lend further support to the assertion that the capacity to identify emotions from facial expression and infer mental state of others is impaired in MA abusers. Therefore, treatment and rehabilitation for MA abusers must consider role of social cognition and include relearning social interactions and behaviors.

title: Impairments of @entity2652 recognition and theory of mind in XXXX abusers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial emotion']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in social cognition', 'cognitive flexibility', 'cognition deficits', 'impairments in facial emotion']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether elevated levels of @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) @entity1 could be decreased by @entity10935 , a new @entity165 -lowering drug. @entity2175 predisposes @entity1 to @entity453 ( @entity453 ) through the direct action of @entity4854 on the arteries as well as the @entity2299 induced by @entity2175 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This double-blind placebo-controlled trial was performed in 29 @entity1 with @entity2175 and @entity1007 . After stable glycemic control was achieved by diet and/or oral hypoglycemic drugs, @entity1 were instructed to follow a @entity165 -lowering diet for 6 weeks. @entity1 who met entry criteria received, under double-blind conditions, @entity10935 (5 mg) or placebo tablets twice a day for 12 weeks. RESULTS: @entity10935 (10 mg/day) significantly reduced total @entity165 by 17.5% and LDL @entity165 by 21.8% compared with baseline and placebo. Furthermore, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 was raised by 11.3% (not significant), and @entity1674 showed a statistically nonsignificant decrease of 6.6%. These changes in lipid profile were similar to those induced by @entity10935 in nondiabetic @entity1 with @entity6340 . CONCLUSIONS: Glycemic control was unaffected by treatment. No clinically or biochemically adverse effects attributable to treatment were observed. Only one @entity1 (placebo) withdrew from the trial because of an adverse experience (erythema). We concluded that @entity10935 is effective and safe in @entity1 with @entity2175 and @entity1007 .

title: Treatment of @entity1007 in XXXX with @entity10935 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['type II hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity10935 :: ('MESH:C080710', 'Chemical') :: ['policosanol', 'Policosanol']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['NIDDM']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a time delay greater than 6h from @entity3816 influences the @entity281 rate in open @entity174 . METHODS: During a period of 18 months, from October 2010 to March 2012, 151 open @entity174 were available for study in 142 @entity1 in our hospital. The data were collected prospectively and the @entity1 were followed up for 6 weeks. The @entity1 were divided into two groups regarding the time delay from @entity3816 (more or less than 6 hours). RESULTS: Surgical debridement was carried out in less than 6h from injury in 90 (59.6%) @entity174 and after 6 hours from @entity174 . Infection rates were 12.22% and 13.24%, respectively. The global @entity281 rate was 13.24%. CONCLUSION: A significantly increased @entity281 rate was not observed in @entity1 whose surgical debridement occurred more than 6h after injury. However, in the @entity174 of high-energy @entity130 , a statistically significant @entity281 was observed in those operated 6 hours after @entity130 . Level of Evidence II, Study Type Comparative and Prospective.

title: Open fractures and the incidence of @entity281 in the surgical debridement 6 hours after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'injury in 61 (40.4%) fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['increase of the rate of infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['injury to surgical debridement']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: In an open, non-randomized prospective phase-III-study the clinical and endocrine efficacy as well as the safety of @entity18789 depot (Enantone-Gyn Monats-Depot) were investigated. The therapeutic results of 198 @entity1 , gathered from 5 university institutions and two city hospitals, are reported. Endometriosis was classified by the revised American Fertility Society score (r-AFS) before and at the end of treatment. Serum levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, @entity53 , @entity1420 , @entity2671 , @entity251 and @entity18789 were determined by radioimmunoassay. The mean total r-AFS score changed as follows: before surgical intervention during first-look laparoscopy 21 +/- 24 at the end of first-look laparoscopy 15 +/- 19 at the end of the @entity1176 -treatment 8 +/- 14 During @entity18789 treatment the r-AFS stages changed as follows: [table; see text] Using the scoring system 85.2% of the @entity1 improved. Relief of dysmenorrhoea could be achieved in 95.4%, relief of @entity546 in 64% and of @entity2371 in 69.4% of @entity1 . Baseline hormone levels dropped sharply during treatment. [table; see text] @entity2671 , @entity251 , blood pressure, body weight, haematological parameters, liver enzymes, @entity1011 , electrolytes and HDL-/LDL-cholesterin remained more or less unchanged. Side effects being hot flushes, sweating, @entity22 , @entity10 , @entity390 , @entity308 and vaginal dryness were due to @entity53 deprivation. In 135 @entity1 resumption of menstruation occurred in 95.6% within the first three months post-treatment. 23 @entity1 of whom 21 were judged as @entity249 , became pregnant immediately after treatment was finished. The study results confirm the efficacy of @entity18789 depot in the treatment of even advanced stages of @entity46 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX with the GnRH agonist @entity18789 depot (Enatone-Gyn monthly depot): a multicenter study].

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity18789 :: ('CHEBI:63597', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprorelin acetate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['Androstenedione', 'androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['sleeplessness']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: The loss of epithelial polarity and tissue architecture is a diagnostic feature of @entity5 . In @entity238 , genetic studies identified 3 neoplastic @entity5 suppressor genes (nTSGs), and a loss of nTSGs has been shown to result in a disruption of apical-basal polarity and @entity5 in epithelial cells. @entity12490 is one type of the @entity238 nTSGs, which encodes a membrane-associated cytoplasmic protein containing the multi-PDZ domain. In contrast to @entity238 @entity12490 , the oncogenic roles of its @entity1 homologues have not yet been established. We herein immunohistochemically examined the distributions of @entity12491 protein in @entity1 @entity14 using affinity-purified antibody. In 50 cases of @entity2513 and @entity420 , the accumulation of @entity12491 protein was commonly observed in comparison with the adjacent normal epithelia. Furthermore, the overexpression and distribution of @entity12491 was observed to extensively overlap with the cytoplasmic accumulation of @entity3546 . Like @entity3546 , the intense immunoreactivity of @entity12491 was often observed in small @entity652 , thus, suggesting that @entity12491 could be involved in an early step of @entity694 . Five corresponding liver metastases showed a comparable immunoreactivity for anti- @entity12491 in comparison with their primary sites. In an immunofluorescence analysis on cultured cell lines, the loss of membranous staining of @entity12491 was observed according to the cytoplasmic translocation of @entity3546 . We herein demonstrate that the accumulation of @entity12491 protein might therefore be involved in @entity694 while also providing a possible link between @entity12491 and @entity3546 .

title: @entity1 @entity12490 accumulates in XXXX in association with an altered distribution of @entity3546 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'neoplastic growth']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasia']


abstract: AIM: We undertook a national survey to establish the management of dense @entity548 without obvious cause. METHODS DESIGN: Cross-sectional anonymous self-reporting survey of ophthalmic practitioners within three target groups: vitreoretinal specialists (VRS), nonvitreoretinal specialists (NVRS), and @entity10090 ( @entity10090 ). INTERVENTION: Presentation of the hypothetical scenario of a @entity1 presenting with recent onset (fresh) @entity548 with no retinal view and no apparent cause on history taken at presentation. OUTCOME MEASURES: The relative importance assigned by respondents to eight examination techniques at presentation. The proportion of respondents stating that they would review @entity1 and perform B-scan examination at or prior to 2 weeks after presentation. The stated time to surgical intervention by VRS, and the time to referral by NVRS and @entity10090 . RESULTS: VRS ranked B-scan examination higher than @entity10090 (P<0.001). A total of 98.1% of VRS indicated that they would next review @entity1 within 2 weeks of presentation, this figure fell to 86.5% for NVRS and 47% for @entity10090 (P<0.001). A 98.1% of VRS indicated that they would next perform B-scan ultrasound within 2 weeks of presentation, this figure fell to 88.9% for NVRS and 70.6% for @entity10090 (P<0.001). The mean time to surgical intervention by VRS was 9.5 weeks without retinal tear demonstrated on B-scan, 1.7 weeks with retinal tear demonstrated on B-scan and 1 week with @entity1713 demonstrated on B-scan. The mean time to referral by NVRS was 6.7 weeks and by @entity10090 was 11.9 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Vitreoretinal specialists considered B-scan the most important examination tool, and typically perform B-scan early and frequently after presentation. Non-VR ophthalmologists (particularly @entity10090 ) review @entity1 and perform B-scan ultrasound later and less often than vitreoretinal specialists. We recommend early referral to VR specialists, as reported referral even in uncomplicated cases would often be outside the timeframe within which VR specialists would typically choose to operate.

title: XXXX without obvious cause: national survey of management practices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10090 :: ('MESH:D018886', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'associate specialists']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous haemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Vitreous haemorrhage']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the present study was to correlate @entity588 protein expression and DNA-ploidy status with established prognostic parameters in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and to examine their impact on disease progression and @entity1 survival. METHODS: Both parameters were prospectively measured in 50 consecutive radical nephrectomy specimens using flow cytometry. They were correlated with the @entity5 grade, stage and histological type. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for all parameters was performed. RESULTS: @entity588 protein expression was higher in @entity1358 compared to normal renal tissue (P < 0.0001). @entity5 had higher @entity588 expression compared to diploid @entity5 (P = 0.015). @entity588 expression and DNA content were not correlated with @entity5 histological types (P = 0.277/P = 0.419), grades (P = 0.690/P = 0.449), T categories (P = 0.637/P = 0.585) or stages (P = 0.726/P = 0.800). Median follow-up time was 46 months (range, 5-84) with a mean overall survival of 61.8 months (95% confidence interval, 53.7-69.9). @entity5 stage was the only statistically important prognostic factor (P = 0.0045). CONCLUSION: Although @entity588 expression was correlated with @entity5 DNA content, the prognostic value of these two parameters following radical nephrectomy was not established.

title: XXXX protein and DNA ploidy in @entity1358 : do they affect @entity1 prognosis?

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including @entity105 . These molecules have been studied in several @entity5 , among which @entity150 . This is the first study attempting to clarify the significance of @entity2284 and @entity2285 in @entity2040 -associated @entity150 and their relation to prognosis. METHODS: @entity2284 and @entity2285 were localized immunohistochemically in tissue sections from 75 chistosomiasis-associated @entity150 . Their expression was correlated with clinical and pathological features and their impact on 5-year disease-free survival was studied with univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: In all, 45 and 51 @entity1 were positive for @entity2284 and @entity2285 expression, respectively. A significant correlation was found between expression of both HSPs and @entity5 grade, stage, DNA ploidy and recurrence. In univariate analysis, a statistically significant association of @entity2284 and @entity2285 expression with 5-year disease-free survival was found. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, both @entity2284 and @entity2285 maintained a statistically significant impact on survival. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicate that expression of @entity2284 and @entity2285 may have prognostic relevance in @entity1 with @entity2040 -associated @entity150 . HSPs may be useful markers for @entity1 with this type of @entity150 and may be used for predicting disease progression.

title: @entity1457 protein expression independently predicts survival outcome in XXXX -associated @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer', 'bladder carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyse the efficacy and @entity137 of conservative treatment for T1G3 and T2-3a @entity150 and to compare the results with those obtained in a previous study using @entity12876 implantation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1987 and 1990 12 @entity1 with high-grade T1 @entity5 and 28 with T2-3a @entity5 were treated using this combined approach. All @entity5 were solitary with a diameter not exceeding 5 cm. Treatment consisted of transurethral resection, a course of external irradiation (30 Gy in 15 fractions) to the whole pelvis and an implant procedure. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 40 months (range 24-65) 31 @entity1 remained free of disease and nine relapsed: three with distant metastases, two with bladder recurrence and four with combined bladder and distant relapse. Three @entity1 showed @entity5 at the original site. The 5 years actuarial rate of local control was 84% with an overall 5 years actuarial survival of 86%. Early problems included @entity1494 , wound @entity281 . Late complications in four @entity1 , was transient @entity1066 at the implant side causing mild @entity3833 . CONCLUSIONS: Implantation with @entity3201 is equally effective as with @entity12876 but has significantly fewer complications.

title: Bladder conservation in selected T1G3 and muscle-invasive T2-T3a XXXX using combination therapy of surgery and iridium-192 implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and psychological problems']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: Studies have shown links between the concentration of allergens found in homes and @entity565 . Inhalation of allergens present in settled residential dust can occur when the dust is resuspended via @entity1 activity or air currents. Although previous studies have measured allergen concentrations in homes, the focus has been on the presence of the allergens in settled dust samples. However, the actual inhalation exposure is to airborne allergens. The relationship between the settled dust composition and suspended allergens and endotoxin and the effect of exposure of these aeroallergens to asthmatics are not well understood for species typically present indoors. In this study, settled dust and airborne particulate matter samples were collected in the homes and school classrooms of asthmatic @entity1 of ages 9 to 16 and analyzed for endotoxin and allergens including dust mite and cockroach allergen, and @entity235 and cat dander (Der p1, Der f1, Bla g1, @entity17874 , and Fel d1, respectively). Concentrations of cockroach allergen were below detection limit for all samples. Measurements of the settled dust samples show higher dust mite allergen in bedroom samples than in living room samples. Concentrations of airborne endotoxin and indoor allergens were generally higher in the homes than those measured at school. Within the homes, higher concentrations of airborne allergens and endotoxin were observed in the living rooms compared to the bedrooms. Resuspension rates for endotoxin, dust mite allergen, and, cat and @entity235 dander were estimated in this study. Calculated resuspension rates for cat dander (8.1x10(-7)+/-3.5x10(-7)min(-1)) and dust mite allergen (2.1x10(-6)+/-7.6x10(-7)min(-1)and 1.4x10(-5)+/-4.6x10(-6)min(-1) for Der @entity3881 and Der f 1, respectively) were found to be higher than those for @entity235 dander (3.1x10(-7)+/-1.3x10(-7)min(-1)) and endotoxin (3.6x10(-7)+/-1.6x10(-7)min(-1)). Markers of @entity32 including @entity1507 in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and exhaled @entity842 (eNO), were correlated with the concentrations of dust mite allergen (Der @entity3881 ) (Spearman r=0.598; p-value=0.068 for EBC and Spearman r=0.819; p-value=0.007 for eNO) and cat dander (Fel d 1) (Spearman r=0.917; p-value=0.0002 for EBC and Spearman r=0.697; p-value=0.054 for eNO) present in PM(10) samples.

title: Resuspension of indoor aeroallergens and relationship to lung inflammation in asthmatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1295 is considered to be one of the most prevalent and disabling symptoms among individuals with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). According to different studies, @entity1295 is reported by 75-95% of @entity1 . @entity1295 considerably affects quality of life. Characteristic feature of @entity1295 in @entity15 is its relapse caused by warmth. There are only a few researches into @entity1295 in @entity15 . The most commonly used scale to estimate @entity1295 is @entity3777 ( @entity3777 ). Cryostimulation has been applied to treat @entity308 . AIM OF THE STUDY: Comparison of the influence of cryostimulation as a supporting factor of kinesytherapy on increasing strength of selected muscle groups of @entity717 in case of @entity1 with @entity15 and without the latter. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination included 60 randomized @entity1 with diagnosed @entity15 (ICD10-G35). To assess the results scales: EDSS, @entity3777 and widespread Lovett scale (punctation with accuracy of measurement 0.5 point) were used. Interpretation of the @entity3777 scale results was made according to Krupp and comp. @entity1295 was diagnosed where results reached 6.5 and higher. Evaluaton of muscle strength concerning chosen muscles groups of inferior extremities: @entity121 , illopsoas, @entity427 . When the strength of leg muscles was asymmetric, lower values of Lovett scale were used. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups with regard to positive or negative @entity1295 . In the examined group (n = 24) @entity1295 was positive ( @entity3777 under 6.5) and control (n = 36) negative ( @entity3777 under 6.5). All @entity1 were treated with cryostimulation and individual program of exercises adapted to their degree of disability. RESULTS: The use of cryostimulation and kinesytherapy to @entity1 with @entity15 and @entity1295 indicates statistically important (p = 0.05) decrease of disability degree in EDSS scale and improvement of muscle strength of @entity121 and illiopsoas compared to @entity15 @entity1 without @entity1295 . CONCLUSIONS: Cryostimulation is a factor supporting rehabilitation @entity1 with @entity15 .

title: [Cryostimulation factor supporting rehabilitation @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps femoris']

entities_list: @entity3777 :: ('MESH:D005222', 'Disease') :: ['Fatigue Severity Scale', 'FSS']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['Fatigue syndrome', 'fatigue syndrome', 'fatigue', 'Fatigue']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['inferior extremities and degree of disability']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['biceps femoris']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis and fatigue syndrome']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis and fatigue syndrome']


abstract: One mechanism of @entity645 pathogenesis has been proposed to be the activation of T lymphocytes, resulting in proliferation and decreased survival of these activated cells. Others have suggested that @entity325 may exacerbate this process. These hypotheses were tested by examining the relationship between @entity645 blood viral load with the proportion of activated and proliferating @entity405 + lymphocytes in lung and blood. In the lung these responses were compared in @entity1 with or without respiratory pathogens. Thirty-five @entity645 -positive @entity1 and five controls underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). BAL and blood samples were fixed and permeabilized and the proportions of memory @entity405 + lymphocytes that expressed the activation marker @entity3053 and the cell cycling marker Ki67 were measured by flow cytometry. @entity3053 bright @entity405 + lymphocytes from both sites increased with increasing blood viral load. In BAL there was no significant difference between the @entity3053 activation status in those with respiratory pathogens compared with those without. More @entity3053 bright @entity405 + lymphocytes expressed Ki67 when compared with the @entity3053 dim lymphocytes. These findings provide evidence that @entity645 is the primary factor in stimulating @entity405 + cell activation.

title: Increased proportions of activated and proliferating memory @entity405 + T lymphocytes in both blood and lung are associated with blood XXXX viral load.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infections']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2743 is defined as increased synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones; when associated with defused goitre it is known as grave's disease. Hepatic changes in thyrotoxiosis are fatty changes, @entity82 and @entity39 , resulting in elevated serum levels of liver specific enzymes ALT, @entity6571 and @entity7041 . Objective of the study was to determine a correlation between plasma levels of 3 liver enzymes, and thyroid hormones in @entity3935 cases, and matched controls in Hazara Division. METHODS: This study was conducted at Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from 1st July 2004 to 30th June 2007. The controls were selected from staff and students of Ayub Medial College Abbottabad. Fifty cases of @entity2743 and 50 controls were included in this study by convenience sampling. Their thyroid profile for T3, T4, TSH and liver enzymes profile for ALT, @entity6571 , @entity7041 were determined and analysed for a correlation. RESULTS: Mean T3 of cases was 5.23 +/- 1.95 and of controls 1.95 +/- 0.35. Mean T4 of case was 248.88 +/- 62.75, and of controls was 113.40 +/- 19.01. Mean TSH of cases was 0.07 +/- 0.25 and that of controls was 2.24 +/- 0.80. Mean ALT of cases was 38.78 +/- 4.96 while that of controls was 23.98 +/- 5.27. Mean @entity6571 of cases was 39.76 +/- 5.05 and of controls was 26.52 +/- 4.49. Mean @entity7041 of cases was 299.68 +/- 22.32 and of controls was 155.10 +/- 37.07. CONCLUSION: Although liver enzymes levels were slightly elevated in many @entity3935 cases, no significant correlation emerged between any of the thyroid hormones and any of the liver enzymes, either in cases or controls.

title: Correlation between plasma thyroid hormones and liver enzymes level in XXXX cases and controls in Hazara Division.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['centrilobular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis', 'Thyrotoxicosis']

answer: @entity3935 :: (MESH:D013958,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxic']


abstract: DNA (and other) diagnostic tests are now available for a number of serious, but uncommon, @entity2241 . We designed and evaluated a screening system for this purpose in primary care, coupled with targeted information for practitioners and @entity1 . We developed a 15-question family history form for completion by office staff or @entity1 , addressing conditions for which definitive diagnosis was available, linked to secondary questionnaires to follow up on "yes" answers. Guidelines for assessing risk, follow-up recommendations, and information resources were also linked. Following pilot testing, this screening system was introduced throughout Maine. We enrolled 212 providers (85-90% of the state's pregnancies). In a subsequent survey, 85% of the practices were screening all new @entity1 and 3% some; 12% did not use the system. Time for form completion averaged 7 min. Overall, provider satisfaction was 4.4 on a five-point scale. @entity1 responded favorably; a minority was anxious or overwhelmed. Total referral calls to Maine's genetic/perinatal centers did not increase, but calls about family history of @entity74 or maternal conditions increased significantly. This screening system for guiding appropriate use of DNA (and other) testing in pregnancy can be used successfully in primary care.

title: A genetic history questionnaire-based system in primary prenatal care to screen for selected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal disorders']

answer: @entity2241 :: (MESH:D005315,Disease) :: ['fetal disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The phenotype of large diameter sensory afferent neurons changes in several models of @entity9 . We asked if similar changes also occur in "functional" @entity158 syndromes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: @entity7245 ( @entity7245 , pH 4.0) injections into the masseter muscle were used to induce persistent @entity925 . Controls received saline at pH 7.2. Nocifensive responses of Experimental @entity35 to applications of Von Frey Filaments to the masseters were above control levels 1-38 days post-injection. This effect was bilateral. Expression of @entity5019 in the Trigeminal Mesencephalic Nucleus (NVmes), which contains the somata of masseter @entity121 ( @entity121 ), was above baseline levels 1 and 4 days after @entity7245 . The resting membrane potentials of neurons exposed to @entity7245 (n = 167) were hyperpolarized when compared to their control counterparts (n = 141), as were their thresholds for firing, high frequency membrane oscillations (HFMO), bursting, inward and outward rectification. The amplitude of HFMO was increased and spontaneous ectopic firing occurred in 10% of acid-exposed neurons, but never in Controls. These changes appeared within the same time frame as the observed nocifensive behaviour. Ectopic action potentials can travel centrally, but also antidromically to the peripheral terminals of @entity121 where they could cause neurotransmitter release and activation of adjacent fibre terminals. Using immunohistochemistry, we confirmed that annulospiral endings of masseter @entity121 express the @entity2227 vesicular transporter @entity3862 , indicating that they can release @entity2227 . Many capsules also contained fine fibers that were labelled by markers associated with nociceptors (calcitonin gene-related peptide, Substance P, P2X3 receptors and @entity5510 receptors) and that expressed the metabotropic @entity2227 receptor, @entity10092 . Antagonists of glutamatergic receptors given together with the 2(nd) injection of @entity7245 prevented the @entity56 observed bilaterally but were ineffective if given contralaterally. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Low pH leads to changes in several electrical properties of @entity121 , including initiation of ectopic action potentials which could propagate centrally but could also invade the peripheral endings causing @entity2227 release and activation of nearby nociceptors within the spindle capsule. This peripheral drive could contribute both to the transition to, and maintenance of, persistent @entity925 as seen in some "functional" @entity158 syndromes.

title: Assessment of the potential role of muscle spindle mechanoreceptor afferents in chronic @entity925 in the XXXX masseter muscle.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['Acidic saline', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain', 'myalgia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle spindle afferents', 'MSA']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']