abstract: The @entity1262 gene encoding the multidrug pump P-glycoprotein is transcriptionally activated in response to diverse extracellular stimuli, including the @entity5 promoting @entity4621 , @entity864 ( @entity865 ). However, the signal transduction pathway responsible is unknown. Downstream of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ), the effects of @entity865 are often mediated by the @entity10242 / @entity8047 / @entity3963 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, and @entity10242 has been implicated in @entity1262 induction by serum and mitogens. Therefore, we examined the potential role of MAPK activation in @entity865 -mediated @entity1262 induction in @entity1 @entity1778 K562 cells. @entity1262 mRNA expression was significantly increased by @entity865 in the concentration range of 4 - 100 nM, with a maximal response 5 - 10 h after @entity865 addition. @entity865 -mediated @entity1262 induction was inhibited by several @entity7131 inhibitors including @entity866 , H7 and @entity11616 . @entity865 stimulated the subcellular translocation of @entity10185 from the cytosol to the membrane and nucleus but did not affect other @entity7131 isozymes. @entity865 also activated the @entity10242 / @entity8047 / @entity3963 cascade and activated another MAPK member, @entity1435 , but not @entity4675 . In order to determine the potential role of MAPKs in @entity1262 induction by @entity865 , specific inhibitors were utilized. The @entity8047 inhibitor @entity4286 , as well as the @entity7131 inhibitors, completely blocked @entity865 -mediated @entity3963 activation. However, under identical conditions, @entity1262 induction by @entity865 was completely unaffected by @entity4286 . Furthermore, @entity4285 , which effectively inhibited @entity865 -mediated @entity1435 activation, failed to inhibit @entity865 -induced @entity1262 mRNA expression. These data demonstrate that @entity1262 induction by @entity865 occurs via a @entity7131 -dependent mechanism that operates independently of @entity3963 , @entity1435 or @entity4675 pathways, and thus have important implications for understanding the mechanisms of @entity1262 induction by extracellular stimuli.

title: @entity4621 induced XXXX expression in K562 cells occurs independently of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity11616 :: ('MESH:C058819', 'Chemical') :: ['calphostin C']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['MDR1']


abstract: Phosphatase and tensin homolog ( @entity983 ) is a @entity5 suppressor in the @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway. Animal model studies have shown that loss of @entity983 function is involved in the progression of @entity788 . However, the prognostic significance of loss of @entity983 expression in @entity788 is unclear. @entity983 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays consisting of multiple cores of 133 resected stage II @entity1124 . A @entity983 expression score was calculated as the product of the percentage of positive @entity5 cells and the intensity of @entity983 staining. We categorized @entity983 expression for each @entity5 as retained ( @entity983 score >5) or lost ( @entity983 score  <=5). Thirty-four (25.6%) @entity1 had @entity5 with loss of @entity983 expression, and 99 (74.4%) had @entity5 with retained @entity983 expression. Recurrence/ @entity3 was observed in 88.2% (30/34) of @entity1 whose @entity5 showed loss of @entity983 compared with 68.7% (68/99) of @entity1 whose @entity5 showed retained @entity983 (P = .03). @entity1 whose @entity5 showed loss of @entity983 had a shorter overall survival (median, 19.9    3.6 months) than did @entity1 whose @entity5 had retained @entity983 (32.7    5.0 months, P = .03). In a multivariate analysis, loss of @entity983 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival in @entity1 with stage II @entity1124 . No significant correlations between loss of @entity983 expression and other clinicopathologic parameters were observed (P > .05). Assessment of @entity983 expression may be used as a prognostic marker for @entity1 with resected @entity1124 .

title: Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog expression is associated with recurrence and poor prognosis in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity1 living on the banks of the Techa river were exposed to 90Sr in the early 1950s. Data obtained by radiochemical measurements of extracted permanent teeth, 90Sr autopsy measurements in bone and tooth samples, in vivo measurements of surface beta activity of the anterior teeth and whole-body counter (WBC) measurements of 90Sr in the skeleton have been analyzed. Surface beta activity measurements indicate a biological half-life of 90Sr of about 35 years in enamel. The WBC measurements have been performed since 1974 and a model for the age-dependent @entity9756 retention in @entity1 bone has been used to extrapolate to previous time periods when the other measurement results were obtained. For the first decade after the intake, the ratio of the 90Sr concentrations in teeth and bones were found to decrease with age at the time of major intake, from about 10 for 1-year-old @entity1 to about 0.3 for adults. There was a considerable variability of individual data within each age group. For adults, the correlation between 90Sr in skeleton and teeth was not high at 0.47 according to radiochemical data for posterior teeth (molars and premolars) and 0.43 according to measurements of surface beta activity for anterior teeth. For @entity1 and adolescents there was no correlation between individual measurements in the skeleton and teeth. The absorbed dose in enamel due to 90Sr in dentine has been calculated by Monte Carlo simulations of the electron transport. The results are in agreement with EPR measurements of the absorbed dose in the enamel of @entity1 exposed, mainly due to 90Sr ingestion.

title: XXXX metabolism in teeth and enamel dose assessment: analysis of the Techa river data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'persons', 'People']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium']

answer: @entity9756 :: (MESH:D013324,Chemical) :: ['Strontium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The rapid development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology provides a novel avenue for genomic exploration and research. Single @entity377 variants (SNVs) inferred from next generation sequencing are expected to reveal gene mutations in @entity5 . However, NGS has lower sequence coverage and poor SNVs detection capability in the regulatory regions of the genome. Post probabilistic based methods are efficient for detection of SNVs in high coverage regions or sequencing data with high depth. However, for data with low sequencing depth, the efficiency of such algorithms remains poor and needs to be improved. RESULTS: A new tool SNVHMM basing on a discrete hidden Markov model (HMM) was developed to infer the genotype for each position on the genome. We incorporated the mapping quality of each read and the corresponding base quality on the reads into the emission probability of HMM. The context information of the whole observation as well as its confidence were completely utilized to infer the genotype for each position on the genome in study. Therefore, more probability power can be gained over the Bayes based methods, which is very useful for SNVs detection for data with low sequencing depth. Moreover, our model was verified by testing against two sets of lobular @entity0 and @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) data each. Comparing against a recently published SNVs calling algorithm SNVMix2, our model improved the performance of SNVMix2 largely when the sequencing depth is low and also outperformed SNVMix2 when SNVMix2 is well trained by large datasets. CONCLUSIONS: SNVHMM can detect SNVs from NGS @entity5 data efficiently even if the sequence depth is very low. The training data size can be very small for SNVHMM to work. SNVHMM incorporated the base quality and mapping quality of all observed bases and reads, and also provides the option for users to choose the confidence of the observation for SNVs prediction.

title: SNVHMM: predicting single XXXX variants from next generation sequencing.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['Myelodysplastic Syndromes', 'MDS']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: The conventional diagnostic procedure of vasography utilizes a contrast medium to evaluate the patency of the vas deferens. With the development of microsurgical reconstruction for obstructive @entity3893 in the past two decades, intraoperative vasography with saline or biological dye injection has replaced the use of radiographic contrast media. However, there are few reports on the effect of biological dyes on the healthy vas deferens. Therefore, we used experimental vasography to evaluate histological changes and functional patency of the vas deferens after infusion with a contrast medium and biological dye. Four groups of 10 Long Evans male @entity35 were injected by vasopuncture with 1% @entity6693 , 1% gentian violet and 38% Urografin or saline into the vas deferens. The animals were killed 30 days later, and the vasa deferentia were excised and examined for histological changes and for functional patency. Vasopuncture with saline injection induced minimal change both at the puncture site and in the distal vas deferens. In both the @entity3989 - and @entity6693 -injected groups, @entity32 at the puncture site was found in 20-22% of cases, and 10-11% of cases revealed functional obstruction of the vasal lumen. In the gentian violet-injected group, severe histological and obliterated changes were found in all cases. @entity2680 and contrast medium or the sperm reaction may be responsible for the @entity32 ; otherwise, @entity6693 and @entity3989 did not seem to be harmful to the vas deferens. Although gentian violet is a blue dye, as is @entity6693 , it has marked destructive effects on the vas deferens. It is concluded that some biological dyes used for vasal injection can cause occlusion of the vasal lumen, while inflammatory responses can occur from placing a needle transmurally.

title: The effect of biological dyes and contrast media on the vas deferens in Long Evans XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2680 :: ('MESH:D003763', 'Disease') :: ['Leakage of the dye']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity3989 :: ('MESH:D003974', 'Chemical') :: ['urografin', 'Urografin']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity5 of the jejunum-ileum are rare and constitute about 2% of @entity1820 . The first clinically reported @entity5 was a @entity189 described in 1824 by Sorlin. The authors reviewed our surgical experience of 9 @entity1 treated at the Department of General Surgery of the "E. Franchini" Hospital of Montecchio Emilia (Re) during a 13-years period from 1984 to 1997. On the basis of literature on the topic, the following are taken into consideration, the history, the incidence, the epidemiology, the aetiopathogenesis, the clinical characteristics, the diagnostic, the surgical therapy of these @entity5 . The subjects included 6 males and 3 females. The average age of the @entity1 was 66 years, with a male predominance ratio of 2:1. Of the seven primary @entity5 observed, two @entity1 had @entity420 , two had @entity1822 , two had @entity706 . The @entity5 were @entity2909 and small intestinal @entity5 . The most common signs and symptoms were @entity490 and obstruction of the intestine. Preoperative diagnosis was established in 4 of these @entity1 only by roentgenographic examinations, in 2 by ultrasound scan, in 2 by ultrasound scan and computed tomography, in 1 by endoscopic examination. All the 9 @entity5 were resected: in 7 @entity1 (77.7%) the resection were considered as curative and in 2 @entity1 (22.3%) palliative. All operated @entity1 were staged by the TNM-classification using pathological and surgical reports. The staging of the disease was the following: 2 @entity1 with stage 1 (T2N0M0), 2 @entity1 with stage II (T4N0M0), 3 @entity1 with stage III (1 with T3N1M0 and 2 with T4N1M0), 2 @entity1 with stage IV (T4N1M1). Survival correlated with the different TNM stage: the median survival time was 60 months for stage I, 60.5 months for stage II, 40 months for stage III and 18 months for stage IV.

title: [Primary XXXX of the jejunum-ileum. The clinico-diagnostic and surgical therapy considerations: the clinical cases and a retrospective study of our experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas and one carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stromal tumor', 'small bowel tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'Primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['respectively leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: We studied the histologic findings from extrarenal biopsies (especially of the lung or upper respiratory tract) or autopsies of 68 @entity1 who were tested for serum antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). We used antigen-specific assays to detect antibodies against @entity7134 ( @entity7134 ) and @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ), the two types of ANCAs of proven diagnostic value for the spectrum of diseases that includes @entity2883 , @entity573 ( @entity6129 ), @entity12534 , idiopathic @entity39 and crescentic @entity631 , and their variants. Twenty-eight patients had antibodies to @entity7134 had antibodies to @entity3335 ; no patient had antibodies to both. All 44 @entity1 with ANCAs had histologic evidence of this spectrum of diseases. Thirteen @entity1 without histologic evidence of this spectrum of diseases had negative tests for ANCAs. There were no pathologic features that reliably identified @entity1 with one or the other type of ANCA. Eighteen of 31 @entity1 with lesions of @entity2883 had antibodies to @entity7134 , seven had antibodies to @entity3335 , and six had neither. Three of four @entity1 with @entity39 arteries without @entity738 had anti- @entity3335 antibodies, but similar lesions were seen, together with extravascular @entity738 , in three patients with anti- @entity7134 antibodies. Of 16 @entity1 with @entity548 , nine had anti- @entity7134 and five had anti- @entity3335 antibodies. Two @entity1 diagnosed clinically as having @entity12534 had anti- @entity3335 antibodies. In 16 of the 25 @entity1 with ANCAs and a histologic diagnosis of @entity2883 the diagnosis was made on the basis of extravascular @entity75 alone, which argues against the requirement for @entity1333 . Of six @entity1 with negative tests for ANCAs and histologically diagnosed @entity2883 , none had evidence of renal involvement. We conclude that in the appropriate clinical setting the presence of anti- @entity7134 or anti- @entity3335 antibodies provides reliable evidence of the above spectrum of diseases, but that subclassification (to the extent this is possible) depends on the presence of distinctive clinical or pathologic features. In @entity1 with negative tests for ANCAs, interpretation of clinical and histologic findings remains the only definitive method of diagnosis.

title: Correlation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies with the extrarenal histopathology of XXXX and related forms of @entity1333 .

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic polyarteritis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity6129 :: ('MESH:D055953', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic polyangiitis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's (pathergic) granulomatosis", "Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's (pathergic) granulomatosis']


abstract: NMR spectroscopy can be used to identify and determine various molecular species in organs and tissues, and can provide information on the condition of their presence. We used NMR spectroscopy to examine postmortem changes in @entity95 . @entity855 levels could be determined with @entity855 beta-position @entity3151 atom signals in 31P-NMR spectra of tissue samples used as parameters. Changes over time in myocardial and limb muscular @entity855 levels were examined from just after @entity204 due to various causes to 7 hours after @entity204 , and the following results were obtained: 1. Myocardial @entity855 levels were low in groups with pronounced @entity519 just before @entity204 . 2. Among groups with identical causes of @entity204 , decreases in myocardial @entity855 levels were larger the more pronounced was @entity519 . Findings 1 and 2 are applicable to determination of acute cause of @entity204 considered otherwise difficult to detect in legal medical practice. 3. The decrease in @entity855 level just after @entity204 was smaller in limb muscles than in myocardium, and changes over time in the decrease in @entity855 after @entity204 could be observed. This finding may be applicable to the estimation of passage of time after @entity204 , a problem of great import in legal medicine.

title: Application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to legal medicine-- XXXX quantitation in tissue with 31P-NMR.

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: Preoperative breast MRI does not decrease re-excision rates in @entity1 who undergo lumpectomy. We evaluated concordance of @entity5 size on MRI and pathologic size in @entity1 who underwent re-excision of margins after lumpectomy. A retrospective review of @entity1 at the Cedars-Sinai Breast Center who received breast MRI was performed. We found that MRI was performed before lumpectomy in 136 @entity1 . Mean age was 55.2 years (standard deviation    12.6). Re-excision occurred in 34 per cent (n = 46). Of those undergoing re-excision, 35 per cent (16/46) were re-excised for @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) at the lumpectomy margin. There was no significant difference between radiologic and pathologic size of the @entity5 (1.94 vs 2.12 cm; P = 0.159). In those who underwent re-excision, the radiologic size was underestimated compared with the pathologic size (2.01 vs 2.66 cm; P = 0.032). @entity1 with pure @entity3821 (n = 9) also had smaller radiologic @entity5 size compared with pathologic (0.64 vs 2.88 cm; P = 0.039), and this difference trended toward significance in those who underwent re-excision (0.55 vs 3.50 cm; P = 0.059). Discordance between @entity5 size on MRI and pathologic size may contribute to re-excisions in @entity1 who undergo lumpectomy. The limitations of breast MRI to evaluate the extent of @entity3821 surrounding many @entity0 , and the impact on re-excision rates, should be further evaluated.

title: Discordance between pathologic and radiologic XXXX size on breast MRI may contribute to increased re-excision rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['DCIS lesions', 'ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND:     To evaluate the correlation between optic nerve head parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by Cirrus HD spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec) in healthy @entity735 . DESIGN:     Cross-sectional study. @entity1 :     One hundred and sixty-one right eyes from 161 healthy young myopic subjects. METHODS:     Optic nerve head parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were measured with the Cirrus HD-OCT. The distance between optic disc margin and scan circle (disc margin-to-scan distance) was measured on the Cirrus HD-OCT en-face optic nerve head image with aid of National Institutes of Health ImageJ image-analysis software (developed by Wayne Rasbands, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, @entity601 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:     The correlations among optic nerve head parameters, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and the disc margin-to-scan distance were evaluated with and without adjustment of the magnification effect. RESULTS:     Without correction of the magnification effect, the thicker average retinal nerve fiber layer was correlated with greater rim area and lower degree of @entity1714 (P   <   0.001). When the magnification effect was corrected, thicker average retinal nerve fibre layer was associated with greater disc area and greater rim area in univariate and multivariate analyses (P    <=   0.028); however, degrees of @entity1714 and the disc margin-to-scan distance were not significantly associated with average RNFL thickness (P   >=    0.104). CONCLUSIONS:     Thicker average retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was associated with greater rim and disc areas. Disc margin-to-scan distance was not significantly correlated with average retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in healthy @entity735 .

title: Correlation between optic nerve head parameters and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eyes']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['myopic eyes']


abstract: The importance of surgical resection for @entity1 with supratentorial @entity11 ( @entity11 ) remains controversial. This retrospective study of @entity1 (n = 153) treated between 2000 to 2010 at a single institution assessed whether increasing the extent of resection (EOR) was associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Histological subtypes of World Health Organization grade II @entity5 were as follows: @entity816 in 49 @entity1 (32.0%), @entity816 in 45 @entity1 (29.4%), and @entity3271 in 59 @entity1 (38.6%). Median pre- and postoperative @entity5 volumes and median EOR were 29.0 cm(3) (range 0.7-162 cm(3)) and 1.7 cm(3) (range 0-135.7 cm(3)) and 95%, respectively. Five- and 10-year @entity1349 for all @entity11 @entity1 were 95.1% and 85.4%, respectively. Eight-year @entity1349 for @entity816 , @entity816 , and @entity3271 were 70.7%, 91.2%, and 98.3%, respectively. Five-year PFS for @entity816 , @entity816 , and @entity3271 were 42.6%, 71.3%, and 62.7%, respectively. @entity1 were divided into two groups by EOR >= 90% and <90%, and @entity1349 and PFS were analyzed. Both @entity1349 and PFS were significantly longer in @entity1 with >= 90% EOR. Increased EOR resulted in better PFS for @entity816 but not for @entity3271 . Multivariate analysis identified age and EOR as parameters significantly associated with @entity1349 . The only parameter associated with PFS was EOR. Based on these findings, we established updated therapeutic strategies for @entity11 . If surgery resulted in EOR <90%, @entity1 with @entity816 will require second-look surgery, whereas @entity1 with @entity3271 or @entity816 , which are sensitive to chemotherapy, will be treated with chemotherapy.

title: Updated therapeutic strategy for adult XXXX stratified by resection and @entity5 subtype.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade glioma', 'LGG']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['oligoastrocytoma', 'diffuse astrocytoma', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['low-grade glioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate causes of intractable recurrent @entity1118 and to evaluate treatment strategies aimed at lasting @entity158 relief. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : Fifteen selected @entity1 having severe @entity158 associated with @entity1689 with onset 0 to 60 months (median, 5 months) following pancreaticojejunostomy. Each @entity1 underwent computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Two @entity1 (13%) were found to have @entity788 , two (13%) had inadequate pancreatic duct decompression, two (13%) had @entity850 , and 10 (67%) had presumed @entity16 in the pancreatic head. INTERVENTIONS: Fourteen (93%) of the 15 @entity1 underwent the following reoperations: distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy (one @entity1 ), extension of the pancreaticojejunostomy and choledochojejunostomy (one @entity1 ), biliary stenting followed by choledochojejunostomy (one @entity1 ), and Whipple-type resection of the pancreatic head (14 @entity1 ). Two @entity1 subsequently underwent a completion pancreatectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity158 relief, functional capacity, and pancreatic exocrine and endocrine status were determined. The median follow-up after reoperation was 39 months. RESULTS: Of the 14 @entity1 who underwent reoperation, 13 were long-term survivors. One died of @entity788 . Ten of the other 13 have had satisfactory-to-excellent relief of @entity158 , with resumption of a normal level of function. Of the 10 previously euglycemic @entity1 who underwent pancreatic head resection, eight remain free of @entity6 to date. CONCLUSIONS: The causes of recurrent or persistent @entity158 following pancreaticojejunal decompression for @entity1689 are complex and include @entity1109 , residual or evolving pancreatic and @entity1448 , and unrecognized @entity788 . Acceptable outcomes can usually be achieved by following a treatment strategy aimed at addressing identified @entity66 while maximally preserving pancreatic tissue.

title: Failure of symptomatic relief after pancreaticojejunal decompression for XXXX . Strategies for salvage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic changes']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['biliary duct obstruction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['biliary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['pain following pancreaticojejunostomy for chronic pancreatitis']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive cardiac surgical techniques recently have been applied in the management of a variety of @entity75 . METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 (6 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ; age, 8.9 +/- 5.5 years; body weight, 29.0 +/- 13.5 kg) were operated on using minimally invasive cardiac surgical techniques for the closure of a @entity1757 (subarterial in 11 @entity1 and perimembranous in 3 @entity1 ). The operations were performed through a left anterior minithoracotomy and were guided by video-assisted endoscopic techniques under femorofemoral cardiopulmonary bypass. The myocardium was protected by continuous coronary perfusion with hypothermic @entity1167 . The right ventricular outflow tract was entered after pericardiotomy was performed. RESULTS: Closure of the defect (directly in 4 @entity1 and by patch in 10 @entity1 ) was performed successfully in all @entity1 . A right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and @entity1756 also were repaired in 1 @entity1 each. The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was 41 +/- 10 minutes (range, 28 to 100 minutes) and the total operative time was 2.2 +/- 0.8 hours (range, 1.3 to 3.5 hours). All the @entity1 recovered rapidly from their operation and had an uneventful postoperative course. Follow-up (mean, 6.2 months; range, 6 to 9 months) was complete in all @entity1 . There were no late deaths. Transthoracic echocardiographic examination showed no residual shunt and no @entity337 in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our experience demonstrates that minimally invasive cardiac surgical techniques are technically feasible and an alternative option for the repair of a @entity1757 .

title: Minimally invasive cardiac surgical techniques in the closure of XXXX : an alternative approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: @entity479 receptor expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in neoplastic, @entity5072 / @entity6349 , and normal mammary tissue samples removed from 68 queens and 47 bitches, using monoclonal antibodies against @entity1 @entity2931 -alpha (ER) and @entity1420 receptors (PR). Mammary lesions were classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and all animals with @entity189 were clinically followed for 2 years. Stromal and/or lymphatic invasion and histological grading were also recorded. In both species, ER expression was significantly higher in healthy tissues, @entity5072 / @entity75 , and @entity5 . The loss of ER expression was more marked in feline than in @entity235 @entity189 . In queens, PR expression increased in @entity2735 and @entity189 , even if parts of these @entity5 were still PR-positive. In bitches no significant variation in PR expression was observed between normal tissue, @entity1141 , and @entity5 , but was significantly lower in @entity189 . In both species ER and PR expression in @entity189 did not correlate either with histological parameters or overall survival time. This study demonstrates several differences in @entity479 hormone dependency between the two species. The percentage of @entity189 suggests a possible role of @entity1420 in promoting early @entity5 cell growth in queens. The low percentage of ER-positive @entity189 further demonstrated the @entity146 phenotype and behaviour of feline mammary @entity5 .

title: Comparison of @entity479 receptor expression in normal, XXXX , and neoplastic @entity235 and feline mammary tissues.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'benign tumours than in carcinomas', 'benign neoplasms', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions and "in situ" carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'PR-positive feline carcinomas', 'decreased in invasive carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasias']

entities_list: @entity479 :: ('D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid', 'Steroid']

answer: @entity6349 :: (MESH:D004416,Disease) :: ['dysplastic']


abstract: The circadian system is responsible for the generation and maintenance of physiological and behavioral rhythms in mammals and allows synchronization with the environment. Different polymorphisms in clock genes have been studied in healthy @entity1 , providing inconsistent results in different populations. In this study, we evaluated the possibility that two non-synonymous polymorphisms in @entity5394 ( @entity51119 , @entity51120 ) and @entity5395 ( @entity51121 , @entity51122 ) genes might be associated with diurnal preference in healthy Colombian subjects. A total of 209 Colombian university students were genotyped for two functional polymorphisms in @entity5394 and @entity5395 genes ( @entity51120 and @entity51122 ). We applied the composite scale of morningness (CSM) to measure phenotypic patterns of @entity1 diurnal preference. Additionally, we extracted from the CSM three subscale scores ("morningness", "activity planning" and "morning alertness"). We used a false discovery rate approach (q values) for correction of multiple testing. @entity5394 ( @entity51120 ) showed a significant association with two CSM subscale scores: "activity planning" and "morning alertness". For @entity5395 ( @entity51122 ), we observed an association with the "morningness" CSM subscale scores. We found a significant association between novel and functional polymorphisms in @entity5394 and @entity5395 genes with specific CSM subscales for diurnal preference. We showed for the first time the association of @entity51120 with "morning alertness" and @entity51122 with "morningness". We suggest that these results should be replicated in order to confirm the association in other populations. Finally, the study of additional novel functional polymorphisms in other clock genes could be of relevance for a deep understanding of circadian phenotypes and @entity146 .

title: A novel association of two non-synonymous polymorphisms in XXXX and @entity5395 genes with specific diurnal preference subscales.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity51119 :: ('p|SUB|G|1244|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gly1244Glu']

entities_list: @entity51121 :: ('p|SUB|M|1028|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Met1028Thr']

answer: @entity5394 :: (8864,Gene) :: ['PER2']


abstract: The association of @entity337 with left ventricular size, @entity1184 , and abnormal coronary flow may influence the accuracy of stress testing techniques for the diagnosis of @entity301 . We examined the diagnostic accuracy of treadmill exercise echocardiography to predict @entity453 in 76 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity337 . Rest and poststress images were interpreted by 2 experienced observers, and accuracy was defined by comparison with stenoses >/=50% diameter at coronary angiography. Results were compared with accuracy in a control group of previously published studies in @entity1 without @entity340 . After 6 @entity1 were excluded because of a submaximal heart rate response (<85% age-predicted maximal heart rate), 70 @entity1 were included in the final analysis. @entity1 with @entity337 were of comparable age to the control group and exercised to similar workload. In 16 (23%) @entity1 with significant @entity453 and significant @entity337 , the sensitivity of exercise echocardiography was 56% compared with 83% in the control group (P =.03). The specificity in 54 @entity1 with @entity337 but no significant @entity453 was 67% compared with 83% in the control group (P =.02). Accuracy was 64% in @entity337 compared with 83% in the control group (P =.02). In @entity1 with @entity337 , accuracy in the left anterior descending artery territory (76%) marginally exceeded that in the posterior (right + circumflex coronary artery) circulation (70%). Thus the presence of significant @entity337 affects the regional wall motion of the left ventricle during exercise and adversely affects the accuracy of exercise echocardiography for the diagnosis of @entity453 .

title: @entity337 reduces the accuracy of exercise echocardiography for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: @entity354 ( @entity354 ) is an important cause of chronic cough. There has been a lack of placebo-controlled trials treating @entity354 related chronic cough with antireflux therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of @entity4546 on @entity354 related chronic cough. After excluding other common causes of cough, oesophageal pH monitoring was performed on 48 @entity1 with chronic cough. Twenty-nine @entity1 found to have @entity354 were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive @entity4546 40 mg o.d. or placebo for 8 weeks. After a 2-week washout period, @entity1 were crossed over to the other treatment. Symptoms were recorded daily in a diary. Twenty-one @entity1 completed both treatment periods. Cough (p=0.02) and gastric symptoms (p=0.003) improved significantly during the @entity4546 treatment in twelve @entity1 who received placebo during the first and @entity4546 during the second 8-week period. In nine @entity1 who received @entity4546 during the first 8-week period, amelioration in cough reached statistical significance only after cessation of @entity4546 . @entity1819 also remained minor during placebo in these nine @entity1 . @entity4546 40 mg o.d. seems to improve chronic cough in @entity1 with @entity354 and the effect of @entity4546 in ameliorating both cough and reflux symptoms continues after treatment ceases.

title: Chronic cough and @entity354 : a double-blind placebo-controlled study with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole', 'Omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastrooesophageal reflux', 'GOR', 'Gastro-oesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric symptoms']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: Fortunately, coincidence of pregnancy associated with @entity5 is rare. As reported in the literature, incidence is 1.5-10: 10,000 pregnancies. The study presented reports data on the incidence and outcome of 16-35 years old female @entity1 suffering from @entity5 . @entity1 , who were treated in Freiburg 1980-1989, were considered for evaluation. We analysed the impact of pregnancy on the outcome of these @entity1 by stratifying @entity1 for the time of diagnosis (before, during, or after a pregnancy). 247 @entity1 were included. 118 @entity1 developed a @entity5 after a successful pregnancy. In 24 @entity1 , @entity5 was diagnosed during pregnancy, and 28 @entity1 became pregnant after diagnosis and therapy for a @entity5 . Further 77 @entity1 without pregnancy, but in whom @entity5 diagnosed at the age of 16-35 years were included. @entity5 , @entity0 , @entity43 , and @entity706 were the most frequent @entity5 diagnosed in young @entity1 . In an analysis stratified for stage of disease, we found no significant difference between 3- and 5-years survival of @entity1 with pregnancies before, during, or after diagnosis and treatment of @entity5 . Due to the inhomogeneity of the subgroups analysed, the question, whether pregnancy has any impact on the outcome of @entity5 could not be conclusively answered. The necessity for the establishment of national and international registries collecting sufficient data about incidence and outcome of @entity1 with pregnancies associated with @entity5 is emphasised.

title: [Effect of pregnancy on the incidence and course of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasias', 'malignant neoplasm', 'Cancer of the cervix uteri', 'malignant neoplasms', 'malignancy', 'neoplasia', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant diseases']


abstract: A traumatic rotator cuff tear is a very rare condition, especially in the adolescent. We report about a 14-year-old @entity1 who fell onto the right arm while riding his bicycle. Immediately after the accident he described some kind of click in his right shoulder. he was referred to our institution 3 days after the @entity130 . The MRI showed a huge defect of the labrumligament complex including the rotator interval. Intraoperatively, we found a complete disruption of the subscapularis and supraspinatus tendons as well as of the anterior stabilizers. We performed a modified Bankart repair and a reconstruction of the @entity397 rotator cuff. The @entity1 returned to his former sports as cyclist 3 months after surgery. This case is of clinical relevance because of the traumatic disruption of an intact rotator cuff in a young @entity1 . Not the bone but rather the tendons and ligaments were the weakest link in this situation. In cases of primary traumatic shoulder dislocation, we have to look for bony and soft-tissue damage including the rotator cuff. With the present high standards in ultrasound and MR imaging we have to keep these techniques in mind in order not to overlook this type of accompanying injury.

title: [ XXXX rupture of the rotator cuff in an adolescent--case report].

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Traumatic']


abstract: Muhanse M4 is a traditional herbal preparation that has been in use in Tanzania for the past 17 years to improve the quality of life among @entity1 living with @entity645 / @entity791 . This study was carried out to determine the safety of the extract Muhanse M4 in animal models. The qualitative test to identify alkaloids and @entity3857 compounds was carried out. The @entity137 tests in Swiss albino @entity19 and @entity35 were done according to WHO guidelines of 1993. Muhanse M4 was dissolved homogeneously in distilled water and was administered both intraperitonially and orally for 14 days for sub-acute test and 24 hours for acute test. Qualitatively, the extract was found to contain no alkaloids or @entity3857 . In @entity35 intraperitoneal doses that caused 100% lethality were 758.55 mg/kg and 553.7415mg/kg when administered singly and repeated, respectively. Single oral dose up to 3034.200mg/kg did not cause any @entity204 in the tested @entity19 or @entity35 . NOEL during intraperitoneal repeated doses for liver in @entity35 was 424.788mg/kg, and NOAEL was 455.130mg/kg. In @entity35 LD10%, LD50% and LD100% were 485.472mg/kg, 526.4337mg/kg and 553.7415mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, Muhanse M4 extract is considered to be safe in laboratory animals.

title: The determination of safety of Muhanse M4, a traditional herbal preparation used to treat @entity645 / XXXX -related conditions and diseases in Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponins']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity2023 participated in a study of @entity16206 effects on skilled performance. They were tested while experiencing symptoms and when they were free of symptoms. Within each symptom condition, they attended two sessions; each @entity1 received a placebo capsule at one session and a 50 mg @entity3933 capsule at the other. Subjects performed a battery of skilled performance tests, which included the Divided-Attention, Visual Backward Masking, Stimulus Response Conflict, and Vigilance tests. They rated the treatments and their performance. Affective states were assessed with the Profile of Mood States. Symptoms did not affect performance. @entity3933 impaired vigilance performance and measures of Divided Attention and Stimulus Response Conflict. Visual Backward Masking performance was not affected. The largest performance changes occurred when @entity3933 was administered to subjects when they were free of symptoms.

title: A laboratory study of XXXX with @entity2023 : antihistamine effects on skilled performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine', 'Diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Real-world data describing management of @entity1 with @entity1582 are limited. A European (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, UK) observational chart review was conducted to address this. Physicians completed questionnaires for every @entity1 seen during a 2-4-week observation period, regardless of treatment status. A total of 435 physicians completed 7635 cross-sectional chart reviews. Overall, 47% of @entity1 were undergoing anti- @entity5 drug treatment, 42% had previously received >= 1 line of treatment and 12% had never received anti- @entity5 drug treatment. Of the @entity1 treated by oncologists, onco-haematologists or internists, 95% received, or were expected to receive, at least one line of anti- @entity5 drug treatment, 61% received >= 2 lines of therapy and 38% received >= 3 lines. Except in the UK, the most commonly used induction therapies contained @entity1749 (48%); @entity6985 was the most commonly used first-line maintenance therapy (45%) and second- and third-line agent overall (60% and 52% of @entity1 at those lines, respectively). Bortezomib retreatment was used in 47% of @entity1 who received it first line. Treatment patterns became more diverse with subsequent treatment lines. This study provides insight into real-world treatment patterns in Europe. While treatment practices are broadly similar across countries, some notable differences in the agents used exist.

title: XXXX : practice patterns across Europe.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Multiple myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of self-assessed and physician-assessed disability and joint @entity158 , their association, and the effect of cohort reduction and mode of assessment. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population survey. SETTING: General population, age 55 years and older. SUBJECTS: Independently living @entity1 of the Rotterdam Study, including 1,156 @entity1 and 1,739 @entity1 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported and physician-assessed joint complaints. @entity1 ' self-assessment of @entity717 was by response to questions from the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire; physicians assessed @entity1 ' disability by administering activity tests. RESULTS: Reduction of the study cohort because of nonresponse and missing data had no influence on the frequency and effect measures. The physician-assessed prevalence of @entity158 of the hips, knees, or feet was significantly lower than the self-assessed prevalence, with the percentage agreement being 83% for @entity1 and 74% for @entity1 , with kappa-values of approximately .40. The prevalence of physician-assessed @entity717 was also significantly lower than the self-assessed disability, with the percentage agreement being 83% for @entity1 and 78% for @entity1 , with kappa values of .41 and .47, respectively. The associations of joint complaints with disability were similar for both modes of assessment. CONCLUSION: Cohort reduction caused by nonresponse and missing data had no influence on estimates of frequency and association. Self-assessment gives higher prevalences of joint complaints and @entity717 than physician assessment, but the associations between complaints and disability were the same.

title: Assessing joint @entity158 complaints and XXXX in the Rotterdam study: effect of population selection and assessment mode.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor disability']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['locomotor disability']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcome of @entity1 with @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) presenting early who were referred for possible extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton. @entity1 : Fifteen @entity1 referred to our program since its introduction, in February 1989; 13 received ECMO. The criterion for ECMO was the presence of an @entity26 index of more than 40 on three occasions within 2 hours. INTERVENTION: ECMO was performed by means of cannulation of the right carotid artery and jugular vein for 111.0 hours on average. RESULTS: In 5 of the 13 @entity1 who underwent ECMO the procedure was performed after surgical repair; all were successfully weaned off ECMO, and the cannula was removed without incident. In the remaining eight ECMO was started before surgical repair; of the six who received it during repair four ultimately survived. None of the previously described predictors of outcome for @entity2914 , including diagnosis before 25 weeks' gestation (in six cases), were useful in determining the survival of the @entity1 . Bleeding was the most common complication and cause of @entity204 . CONCLUSION: ECMO is associated with survival in @entity1 with @entity2914 who fail to respond to conventional therapy and who have a poor prognosis according to previously established criteria.

title: Neonatal XXXX and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: In @entity302 @entity1 who have electrodes implanted in their brains as part of their pre-surgical assessment, simultaneous intracranial EEG and fMRI (icEEG-fMRI) may provide important localising information and improve understanding of the underlying neuropathology. However, @entity1 safety during icEEG-fMRI has not been addressed. Here the potential health hazards associated with icEEG-fMRI were evaluated theoretically and the main risks identified as: mechanical forces on electrodes from transient magnetic effects, tissue heating due to interaction with the pulsed RF fields and tissue stimulation due to interactions with the switched magnetic gradient fields. These potential hazards were examined experimentally in vitro on a Siemens 3 T Trio, 1.5 T Avanto and a GE 3 T Signa Excite scanner using a Brain Products MR compatible EEG system. No electrode flexion was observed. Temperature measurements demonstrated that heating well above guideline limits can occur. However heating could be kept within safe limits (<1.0 degrees C) by using a head transmit RF coil, ensuring EEG cable placement to exit the RF coil along its central z-axis, using specific EEG cable lengths and limiting MRI sequence specific absorption rates ( @entity6723 ). We found that the risk of @entity3145 due to RF-induced heating is low provided implant and scanner specific @entity22226 limits are observed with a safety margin used to account for uncertainties (e.g. in scanner-reported @entity22226 ). The observed scanner gradient switching induced current (0.08 mA) and charge density (0.2 microC/cm(2)) were well within safety limits (0.5 mA and 30 microC/cm(2), respectively). Site-specific testing and a conservative approach to safety are required to avoid the risk of adverse events.

title: Feasibility of simultaneous intracranial EEG-fMRI in XXXX : a safety study.

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: We describe the first case of @entity25323 producing @entity526 @entity884 of the native aortic valve in which prophylaxis was performed according to currently available guidelines. A 75 year-old @entity1 presented at our emergency department with a two week complaint of @entity221 , @entity1295 , @entity448 , diffuse @entity490 after ERCP therapeutic. The initial laboratory examinations showed increased levels of ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, alkaline phosphatase, gammaGT, @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity493 aminotransferase and direct fraction of @entity648 . Two blood cultures were positive for @entity25323 -producing @entity526 . The abdominal sonography revealed intrahepatic biliary tree dilation, cholecystectomy and minimal aerobilia in the left liver lobe. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed a small vegetation adherent to the aortic valve and a moderate amount of aortic and @entity339 . Treatment with @entity2892 / @entity9234 for 35 days was performed with a favorable outcome. During this period she underwent endoscopic metal stenting to replace the plastic tube. The @entity1 was discharged after 40 days of hospitalization. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with high risk also for @entity884 and @entity281 or bowel colonization with multiple drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae such as @entity25323 - producing @entity526 that have undergone multiple and repetitive therapeutic procedures are at risk for @entity884 with this type of bacteria. Prophylaxis and therapy with appropriate antibiotics must be considered in these @entity1 .

title: Recurrent @entity884 of the native aortic valve due to @entity25323 producing XXXX (e coli) after therapeutic ERCP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1162 (maximal minus minimal QT interval calculated on a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram) has been suggested to reflect regional variations of ventricular repolarization and to provide a substrate for reentry @entity943 . In this study we evaluate @entity1162 in @entity1 with @entity583 and assess its relation with early severe @entity943 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 101 @entity1 with @entity583 and a control group of 97 healthy subjects. We determined QT and @entity1480 on the electrocardiograms performed 12 hours and 3 and 10 days after the onset of symptoms in @entity583 @entity1 and on the control group. The average values of QT and @entity1480 (measured hereafter in milliseconds, ms) were as follows: 70.5 +/- 42.5-87 +/- 46.6 (after 12 hours), 66.5 +/- 37.8-76.9 +/- 43.5 (on day 3), 68.9 +/- 42-76.3 +/- 43.8 (on day 10) and 44 +/- 13.4-54.2 +/- 16.3 (in control group). We observed statistically significant differences in QT and @entity1480 between the electrocardiogram of normal subjects and each of the three electrocardiograms performed on @entity1 with @entity1188 (p < 0.0005, p < 0.005). We recorded a greater @entity1162 in @entity1 with anterior @entity1188 with respect to those with @entity1188 (79 +/- 38.6 vs 65.2 +/- 43.16, p < 0.05) and in @entity1 with ejection fraction < 45% (93.1 +/- 28.4 vs 68.3 +/- 34.1 p < 0.005). During the first three days, @entity1162 did not differ in @entity1 treated with thrombolytic agents with respect to those who were untreated, while on day 10 untreated @entity1 showed higher values (74.9 +/- 45.3 vs 60.5 +/- 37.7, p < 0.05). @entity908 kinase peak level, sex and age of the @entity1 did not influence @entity1162 . Thirteen @entity1 (12.8%) developed severe @entity943 within 72 hours after @entity1188 : 8 @entity1 (7.9%) had @entity2224 and 5 @entity1 (4.9%) had sustained @entity1165 . We found higher early QT and @entity1480 values in @entity1 who developed severe @entity943 (108.8 +/- 63.2 and 125.8 +/- 68.5) with respect to @entity1 who did not (63.3 +/- 32.9 and 80.8 +/- 38.9, p < 0.0005, p < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity1162 : 1) increases during @entity583 ; 2) peaks in the early hours after symptom onset; 3) drops late after @entity1188 in @entity1 treated with thrombolytic agents; 4) is associated with early severe @entity943 .

title: @entity1162 and early arrhythmic risk during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'inferior/lateral infarction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT dispersion']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['QTc dispersion']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility and efficacy of concurrent weekly @entity1205 and radiation therapy as a definitive treatment for @entity135 ( @entity135 ). METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with primary @entity135 , who were treated with concurrent weekly @entity1205 and radiation therapy, were analysed. The distribution of the disease stage was as follows: Stage II, 18 @entity1 ; Stage III, 3 @entity1 ; Stage IVA, 7 @entity1 ; Stage IVB, 3 @entity1 ; the @entity1 of cervical lymph node @entity3 with unknown primary @entity5 was not assessable. The average total dose of radiotherapy was 67.5 Gy. @entity1205 (10 mg/m(2), intravenously, once a week) was given to all @entity1 up to four cycles, and @entity900 (6 mg/m(2), intravenously, five times a week) was also administered to all @entity1 for up to 3 weeks from the beginning of the radiation therapy. RESULTS: Only in two @entity1 did the radiotherapy need to be temporarily interrupted due to the development of @entity33 . Grade 3 @entity137 was observed in six @entity1 . Grade 4 @entity33 was seen in one @entity1 . The response rate was 100%, and complete response (CR) was observed in 30 @entity1 (94%). At the time of the analysis, the 2 year local control and relapse-free rates in the 30 @entity1 showing CR were 90 and 76%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent weekly @entity1205 and radiation therapy did not affect the compliance of the @entity1 for the radiation therapy, indicating that the acute @entity137 were within acceptable limits.

title: Acute @entity137 and preliminary clinical outcomes of concurrent radiation therapy and weekly @entity1205 and daily XXXX for @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['acute mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is associated with @entity731 and may contribute to @entity63 . We assessed the contribution of endothelium-derived @entity842 (NO) and vasodilator @entity2918 to resting blood flow, metabolic vasodilation, and flow reserve in the @entity1 coronary circulation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Coronary hemodynamics were assessed before and after inhibition of vasodilator @entity2918 and NO with intracoronary @entity117 ( @entity117 [ @entity1281 ]) and @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ), respectively. Angiographically smooth or mildly irregular vessels, with normal @entity859 -induced coronary flow reserve, were studied in 25 @entity1 undergoing clinically indicated procedures. Coronary blood velocity was measured by Doppler flow wire, and coronary blood flow (CBF) was calculated. @entity1281 reduced resting conduit vessel diameter by 11% (P = 0.003) and CBF by 27% (P = 0.008) and increased coronary vascular resistance (CVR) by 24% (P<0.0001). @entity1281 attenuated pacing-induced @entity450 by 28% (45.0+/-4.6 versus 32.6+/-3.4 mL/min, P = 0.005) and increased minimum CVR by 39% (2.8+/-0.3 versus 3.9+/-0.5 mm Hg x mL(-1) x @entity1009 ), P = 0.007). @entity7293 reduced resting conduit vessel diameter by 9% (P = 0.05) and CBF by 20% (P = 0.08) and increased CVR by 19% (P = 0.03). @entity7293 attenuated pacing-induced @entity450 by 20% (42.4+/-5.1 versus 34.1+/-3.4 mL/min, P = 0.04) and increased minimum CVR by 33% (2.9+/-0.4 versus 3.8+/-0.5 mm Hg x mL(-1) x @entity1009 ), P = 0.02). @entity1281 (7.7+/-2.3% versus -1.6+/-3.2%, P = 0.06) and @entity7293 (12.1+/-3.9% versus 0.0+/-2.9%, P = 0.02) abolished pacing-induced conduit vessel @entity384 . Conclusions-Tonic release of vasodilator @entity2918 and NO contributes to resting conduit and resistance vessel tone and to peak functional @entity450 and @entity384 after metabolic stimulation. This underscores the importance of normal endothelial function for metabolic vasodilation and suggests that it may be a key mechanism for preventing @entity741 in @entity453 .

title: Contribution of vasodilator XXXX and @entity842 to resting flow, metabolic vasodilation, and @entity384 in @entity1 coronary circulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity2918 :: (MESH:D011453,Chemical) :: ['prostanoids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The oncologic consequences of intraperitoneal @entity544 ( @entity515 ) insufflation during the laparoscopic resection of @entity5 are under debate. The effect of other insufflating gases or gasless laparoscopy on @entity5 requires study. OBJECTIVE: To study body weight and @entity5 growth in @entity35 after @entity515 @entity516 , air @entity516 , and gasless laparoscopy. METHODS: On day 1, an 8-mg bolus of @entity45745 @entity5 was placed under the renal capsule of both kidneys in @entity35 . In experiment A, @entity35 had either @entity515 insufflation (n=10) or a gasless laparoscopic bowel resection (n=10) on day 3 and were humanely killed after 7 days. In experiment @entity35 had either a laparoscopic bowel resection with @entity515 insufflation (n=11) or insufflation with air (n=11) on day 3 and were killed after 7 days. In both experiments, postoperative @entity353 and @entity5 growth were measured, and the differences were tested with an analysis of covariance. RESULTS: @entity703 growth in the group having gasless laparoscopy was less than that in the group having @entity515 @entity516 (P=.04). Postoperative @entity353 in these groups showed no differences (P=.55). No differences in @entity5 growth or @entity353 were found between @entity35 having insufflation with @entity515 and those having insufflation with air (P=.61 and P=.68, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The restoration of body weight after a laparoscopic surgical procedure was similar with @entity515 , air, or gasless laparoscopy. Gasless laparoscopy was associated with @entity703 growth than was insufflation with @entity515 . Therefore, the application of gasless techniques in laparoscopic oncologic surgical treatment demands further study.

title: Effects of @entity544 XXXX , air @entity516 , and gasless laparoscopy on body weight and @entity5 growth.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Renal subcapsular tumor', 'less renal subcapsular tumor']

answer: @entity516 :: (MESH:D011027,Disease) :: ['pneumoperitoneum']


abstract: AIM: @entity65 are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. @entity209 is a common clinical presentation posing significant risk in @entity65 . This study investigated the correlation between the number of diagnostic criteria and serum @entity1254 , leptin, @entity13490 , @entity310 , @entity470 levels and abdominal adipose tissue in the individuals with @entity209 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included a total of 40 @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 ) with @entity209 that applied to the @entity66 Outpatient Clinic of   mraniye Training and Research Hospital between March 2011 and August 2011. The data including age, gender, personal history, familial history, habits, height, @entity551 , diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, body composition (tanita) were recorded for each @entity1 . Blood samples were collected for biochemical examinations. The serum @entity1254 , leptin, @entity13490 , @entity310 , @entity470 levels were measured. Statistical analyses were carried out using the NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System) 2007 and the PASS (Power Analysis and Sample Size) 2008 Statistical Software (UT, USA). RESULTS: When the @entity1 with @entity209 were analyzed by gender, no statistically significant difference was found between the @entity470 and @entity310 levels (p>0.05). On the other side, the visceral fat rating and GGT levels of @entity1 were significantly lower than those of @entity1 (p<0.05). However, the @entity13490 and leptin levels were found significantly higher in female @entity1 as compared to male @entity1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In the present study, we did not observe any statistically significant change in abdominal adipose tissue thickness, serum @entity310 , @entity1254 , @entity13490 , and @entity470 levels of the @entity1 according to the number of diagnostic criteria; however, there was significant change in the @entity1 ' leptin levels.

title: Investigating the correlation of the number of diagnostic criteria to serum @entity1254 , leptin, @entity13490 , @entity310 , XXXX levels and abdominal adipose tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Internal Diseases']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['weight, systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases', 'Cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity5433 is common after @entity64 , which is correlated with unfavorable outcome. Phase-rectified signal averaging is a newly developed technique for assessing cardiac autonomic function, by detecting sympathetic and vagal nerve activity separately through calculating acceleration capacity (AC) and deceleration capacity (DC) of heart rate. In this study, we used this technique for the first time to investigate the cardiac autonomic function of @entity1 with acute hemispheric @entity385 . METHODS: A 24-hour Holter monitoring was performed in 63 @entity1 with first-ever acute @entity385 in hemisphere and sinus rhythm, as well as in 50 controls with high risk of @entity64 . DC, AC, heart rate variability parameters, standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), and square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal-to-normal intervals (RMSSD) were calculated. The National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the severity of @entity64 . We analyzed the changes of DC, AC, SDNN, and RMSSD and also studied the correlations between these parameters and NIHSS scores. RESULTS: The R-R (R wave to R wave on electrocardiogram) intervals, DC, AC, and SDNN in the @entity385 group were lower than those in controls (P=0.003, P=0.002, P=0.006, and P=0.043), but the difference of RMSSD and the D-value and ratio between absolute value of AC ( AC ) and DC were not statistically significant compared with those in controls. The DC of the @entity1188 group was significantly correlated with  AC , SDNN, and RMSSD (r=0.857, r=0.619, and r=0.358; P=0.000, P=0.000, and P=0.004). Correlation analysis also showed that DC,  AC , and SDNN were negatively correlated with NIHSS scores (r=-0.279, r=-0.266, and r=-0.319; P=0.027, P=0.035, and P=0.011). CONCLUSION: Both DC and AC of heart rate decreased in @entity1 with @entity1188 , reflecting a decrease in both vagal and sympathetic modulation. Both DC and AC were correlated with the severity of @entity64 .

title: Changes of deceleration and acceleration capacity of heart rate in @entity1 with acute hemispheric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric infarction', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Impaired distension-induced @entity356 and @entity56 have been demonstrated by gastric barostat in @entity1 with @entity2210 ( @entity2210 ). In this study we investigated distension-induced responses to @entity356 with water in healthy volunteers and @entity2210 @entity1 , using non-invasive ultrasonography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen healthy volunteers and 18 @entity2210 @entity1 were given infusions of 10 ml saline or lipid (3 kcal/ml) through a nasoduodenal tube. After tube retraction, the stomach was filled with 1000 ml water during 10 min. Intragastric volume was monitored by 3D ultrasonography, and fullness, @entity158 and @entity390 were assessed. RESULTS: Compared with healthy volunteers, @entity1 with @entity2210 had faster gastric emptying at 5 min (p = 0.0008) and reported more fullness (p = 0.006) during @entity356 with water. Prior duodenal lipid exposure reduced initial gastric emptying rate in @entity2210 @entity1 to the level seen in healthy volunteers. However, despite similar gastric volumes, the @entity1 still reported greater fullness (p = 0.002) and @entity390 (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity2210 had abnormally rapid initial gastric emptying of water and @entity56 to @entity356 . Though normalizing gastric emptying rate and volumes, duodenal lipid exposure did not improve @entity56 . Rapid initial gastric emptying of water might be a sign of impaired distension-induced @entity356 .

title: Rapid initial gastric emptying and @entity56 to XXXX in @entity2210 : effects of duodenal lipids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity to distension', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['functional dyspepsia', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric filling', 'gastric accommodation']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric filling']


abstract: @entity342 withdrawal induces @entity519 in @entity342 -sensitive tissue; this is important as in the @entity5 microenvironment, @entity519 is known to drive malignant progression. Our study examined the time-dependent effect of @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) on @entity5 oxygenation and investigated the role of ADT-induced @entity519 on @entity263 . LNCaP xenografted @entity5 were treated with anti- @entity3800 and @entity5 oxygenation measured. Dorsal skin fold (DSF) chambers were used to image @entity5 vasculature in vivo. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) identified differential gene expression following treatment with @entity12195 . @entity12195 -treated and vehicle-only-treated @entity5 were re-established in vitro, and invasion and sensitivity to @entity1205 were measured. @entity5 was calculated following treatment with @entity12195 combined with the bioreductive drug AQ4N. @entity5 oxygenation measurements showed a precipitate decrease following initiation of ADT. A clinically relevant dose of @entity12195 (2 mg/kg/day) decreased @entity5 oxygenation by 45% within 24 hr, reaching a nadir of 0.09% @entity26 (0.67    0.06 mmHg) by Day 7; this persisted until Day 14 when it increased up to Day 28. Using DSF chambers, LNCaP @entity5 treated with @entity12195 showed loss of small vessels at Days 7 and 14 with revascularisation occurring by Day 21. QPCR showed changes in gene expression consistent with the vascular changes and malignant progression. Cells from @entity12195 -treated @entity5 were more malignant than vehicle-treated controls. Combining @entity12195 with @entity45055 (50 mg/kg, single dose) caused greater @entity5 growth delay than @entity12195 alone. Our study shows that @entity12195 -induced @entity519 selects for cells that show malignant progression; targeting @entity519 cells may provide greater clinical benefit.

title: @entity342 deprivation results in time-dependent XXXX in @entity263 : informed scheduling of the bioreductive drug AQ4N improves treatment response.

entities_list: @entity12195 :: ('MESH:C053541', 'Chemical') :: ['Bicalutamide', 'bicalutamide']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['malignant progression in prostate tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumours', 'Tumour growth delay', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: @entity731 is the principal cause of @entity583 . @entity731 are present in localized regions of the vasculature where abrupt changes in vessel geometry occur, such as bends and bifurcations. In order to develop features of the risk profile, flow systems which simulate closely the pertinent anatomy and surface properties of the @entity1 vasculature are used with test fluids which mimic the physicochemical properties of blood. Analysis of the flow regimes were made by one-, two- or three-dimensional laser Doppler anemometry. Rigid and elastic model vessels with simple flow geometry as well as true-to-scale models of @entity1 arterial casts were used. Viscous pseudoplastic and viscoelastic fluid suspensions were employed under both steady and pulsatile flow. From the measured velocity profiles, the shear rates were estimated and with the local viscosity the shear stresses calculated. Flow behaviour was visualized using dyes and birefringent solutions. It was found that the geometry and flow rate ratio at bifurcations greatly influence the flow separation zones. It is also important to consider elasticity, pulsatility and non-Newtonian flow behavior in large blood vessels in zones where secondary flow is developed and flow separation zones are formed.

title: Fundamental flow studies in models of XXXX arteries.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial and cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity784 ( @entity784 ) are a group of uncommon mature @entity784 presenting primarily or exclusively in the skin. The most common subtype, @entity4888 and its leukemic variant S  zary syndrome, frequently behave as a @entity706 with good prognosis for @entity5 and shortened survival only for @entity1 in advanced stages. Historically, these @entity1 have experienced excessive @entity137 from chemotherapy without durable benefit, leading to current conservative treatment strategies. An increasing number of novel therapies are available or in development. These newer therapies often have unique mechanisms of action and different @entity137 with less myelosuppression than traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Among these novel systemic therapies are so-called biologic therapies such as @entity4878 like @entity35406 , the fusion toxin denileukin diftitox, @entity6985 , and toll-like receptor agonists. Other important novel or emerging agents include the histone deacetylase inhibitors; a novel antifolate, @entity16158 ; the proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 ; and the purine @entity2353 phosphorylase inhibitor @entity49922 . Even agents considered to be conventional chemotherapy, such as @entity136 or pegylated liposomal @entity632 , have demonstrated activity in CTCL at relatively lower doses with less myelosuppression. The mechanisms of action of the novel agents are reviewed as well as available clinical data. As the role of these new agents is better understood, particularly with regard to nonoverlapping @entity137 , combination strategies might emerge. Evaluation through carefully designed clinical trials should lead to better, safer, and more effective treatment strategies in the future.

title: Novel therapies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity35406 :: ('MESH:C095105', 'Chemical') :: ['bexarotene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage disease']

entities_list: @entity49922 :: ('MESH:C113101', 'Chemical') :: ['forodesine']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas', 'CTCLs', 'Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity16158 :: ('MESH:C418863', 'Chemical') :: ['pralatrexate']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphomas']


abstract: The optimal timing in which to use intensive chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in @entity978 ( @entity978 ) is uncertain. In 1985, we initiated a program in which this modality was used as the initial salvage therapy in @entity1 relapsing after combination chemotherapy. Fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity978 in first relapse after primary chemotherapy received conditioning with high-dose @entity786 , @entity3600 , @entity2879 ( @entity2879 ) +/- @entity900 ( @entity2541 +/- P) followed by autologous BMT. All but six of these @entity1 were given a median of two cycles of conventional chemotherapy +/- involved field radiation therapy before @entity2541 +/- P and autologous BMT. These measures were not used as a means for @entity1 selection; all @entity1 receiving such therapy ultimately were transplanted. The probability of nonrelapse mortality, progression of @entity978 , and progression-free survival post-BMT were calculated, and prognostic factors for progression-free survival were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards method. Treatment-related @entity204 occurred in only three @entity1 . Thirteen @entity1 have relapsed at a median 0.7 years (range 0.1 to 3.5) post-BMT. At a median follow-up of 2.3 years (range 0.4 to 7.2), the actuarial progression-free survival is 64% (95% confidence interval, 46% to 78%). In the statistical analysis, three similarly weighted but independent prognostic factors were identified: "B" symptoms at relapse, @entity66 at relapse, and initial remission duration of less than 1 year. @entity1 with no risk factors had a 3-year progression-free survival of 100%, compared with 81% in @entity1 with one factor, 40% in those with two factors, and 0% in @entity1 with all three factors. @entity2541 +/- P and autologous BMT is highly effective salvage therapy for @entity978 @entity1 in a first relapse, particularly in the subset of @entity1 with less than two adverse factors. Therapy must be improved in the future for @entity1 with > or = 2 adverse factors.

title: Intensive therapy with @entity786 , @entity3600 , @entity2879 +/- XXXX , and autologous bone marrow transplantation for @entity978 in first relapse after combination chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extranodal disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: We analyze the evolution of superficial transitional cell @entity189 in the intramural distal ureter treated with transurethral resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 19 @entity1 underwent transurethral resection of the intramural distal ureter with a mean followup of 57 months. All cases were diagnosed as superficial transitional cell @entity189 and all but 2 had a history of @entity150 . Upper urinary tract followup consisted of excretory urography every 6 months and ureterorenoscopy in cases with a doubtful diagnosis or positive cytology. RESULTS: Pathological examination revealed stage Ta disease in 42%, T1 in 31.5% and Tx in 26.3% of intramural @entity5 . Upper urinary tract recurrence was noted in 8 @entity1 (42.1%), including 5 (62.5%) with involvement of the distal ureter. Nontumoral @entity850 of the distal ureter in 3 cases was treated endoscopically. An endoscopic procedure resolved 75% of recurrences. A high surgical risk @entity1 who did not undergo open surgery died of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Superficial transitional cell @entity189 of the intramural ureter is uncommon in the setting of multiple @entity150 and recurrent @entity150 . There was a 42.1% rate of ipsilateral recurrence and endoscopic treatment allowed us to preserve 89.5% of the involved renal units. Closer followup of the urinary tract must be performed since these @entity5 have a higher incidence of upper urinary tract recurrence.

title: Management of superficial transitional cell XXXX in the intramural ureter: what to do?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder carcinoma', 'bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The utility of definitive radiotherapy (RT) for locoregionally advanced @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the larynx or hypopharynx in the setting of thyroid or cricoid cartilage invasion (TCCI) is controversial. A retrospective review of our experience was performed. METHODS: Our institutional database of @entity1 with @entity957 of the head and neck treated with radiotherapy (90% received concurrent systemic therapy) between 1995 and 2009 was queried. We identified 87 @entity1 with T3-4 laryngeal or T4 @entity5 for whom initial head and neck imaging was available for review. Imaging of all @entity1 was reviewed by a single radiologist specializing in neuroradiology. The presence and extent of TCCI was determined and used for stratification. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 34 months. TCCI was found in 25 (29%) @entity1 , eight limited to the inner cortex and another 17 involving both cortices. Local control (LC) was not significantly affected by TCCI limited to the inner cortex. However, TCCI involving both cortices was correlated with diminished LC at 2 years compared to the group of @entity1 with no or minor invasion (55% vs. 81%, p=0.045). However, TCCI involving both cortices was not associated with significantly reduced rates of survival with a functional larynx, or @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the rate of LC of T3-4 laryngeal or T4 hypopharyngeal @entity957 treated with definitive RT is not affected by TCCI of the inner cortex. Although decreased LC was significantly associated with TCCI involving both cortices, this factor did not appear to result in reduced rates of survival with a functional larynx or @entity1349 . Therefore, organ preservation may remain an option in these @entity1 .

title: Prognostic significance of thyroid or cricoid cartilage invasion in laryngeal or XXXX treated with organ preserving strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal cancer']


abstract: Experiments were conducted with 159 @entity235 to investigate the mechanism of persistent @entity943 clinically encountered after atrial-level operations. Those found after incisions to the internodal pathways (INPs) of the right atrium were analyzed using cardiac mapping in an anesthetized or extracorporeally perfused state. Longitudinal incisions of the posterior INP often allowed inducible sustained @entity956 , with circus movement of excitation around the right atrium near the tricuspid orfice. Sustained @entity956 thus produced was modified in cycle length by coexisting division of the middle INP but inhibited by that of the anterior INP. Its incidence increased at chronic stage, with marked cicatricial changes. The disrupted anterior INP markedly prolonged conduction time to the atrioventricular node and A-H interval compared with the other disruptions. Persistent @entity713 developed in about 50% of the animals after disruption of all three INPs or anterior and posterior INPs; division of the anterior INP was the common potent factor, although no single blocked INP produced persistent junctional rhythm. Our results support the "summation theory." The incidence of junctional rhythm and @entity519 of the sinoatrial node (flow rate of less than 10 mL.100 g-1.min-1) were markedly enhanced by coexisting blockade of atrial feeding arteries in addition to division of the anterior INP. In conclusion, massive posterior INP disruption is a potent anatomic substrate in producing sustained @entity956 , middle INP division a modifier, and anterior INP division an inhibitor. Division of the anterior INP is a potent anatomic substrate in producing junctional rhythm, and @entity519 involving the sinoatrial node reacts as its synergic factor.

title: Electrophysiologic study of @entity943 after atrial operations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular junctional rhythm']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The effects of @entity20841 stimulation on the peripheral circulation in 10 @entity235 were evaluated. All studies were done during ganglion blockade with @entity4033 . Venous capacitance was assessed by measuring mean circulatory filling pressure, venous compliance and unstressed vascular volume. Beta-2 stimulation was achieved with @entity4183 (27 micrograms/min) after beta-1 blockade with @entity1406 (0.75 mg/kg). At a dose of @entity4183 that decreased mean aortic pressure from 80.4 +/- 3.5 to 58.9 +/- 1.9 mm Hg (P less than .01), there was no change in cardiac index (155.8 +/- 10.5 vs. 161.1 +/- 9.1 ml/kg/min) despite an increase in heart rate from 118.6 +/- 5.2 to 132.6 +/- 5.0 beats/min. Right atrial pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and dP/dt did not change. Systemic vascular resistance decreased from 0.52 +/- 0.02 to 0.39 +/- 0.03 mm Hg . min . kg . ml (P less than .01). Arterial compliance increased from 0.067 +/- 0.003 to 0.088 +/- 0.007 ml/mm Hg/kg and the volume of blood shifted out of the larger arteries was 1.8 +/- 0.4 ml/kg. Mean circulatory filling pressure did not change but venous compliance decreased from 1.90 +/- 0.04 to 1.47 +/- 0.06 ml/mm Hg/kg and unstressed vascular volume increased from -14.5 +/- 0.5 to -8.4 +/- 0.5 ml/kg. Central blood volume increased from 22.8 +/- 1.1 to 27.4 +/- 2.2 ml/kg. There was an increase in total blood volume from 81.1 +/- 2.7 to 90.5 +/- 3.7 ml/kg. To determine the extent to which changes in the spleen were responsible for these observations, five @entity235 were studied 2 weeks after splenectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX control of the venous circulation in intact @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity20841 :: (403910(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['Beta-2 adrenoceptor']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity169 is associated with a low incidence of recurrence; however, the use of heavyweight mesh has been linked with @entity1118 and @entity1109 . It is hypothesized that the use of lightweight mesh may reduce these problems. This study aims to use meta-analysis to compare lightweight and heavyweight mesh for @entity169 . METHODS: Information was gathered from randomized controlled trials that compared lightweight and heavyweight mesh for @entity169 . The Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, trial registries, conference proceedings and reference lists were searched. Primary outcome measures were @entity1118 , @entity1109 and hernia recurrence. Secondary outcome measures were duration of surgery, mean visual analogue scale (VAS) @entity158 scores, surgical-site infection, @entity194 and haematoma/ @entity2080 . The pooled Peto odds ratio (OR) was calculated for categorical data and @entity353 ( @entity353 ) for continuous data. RESULTS: Six trials with 1936 @entity547 were included. Lightweight mesh was associated with reduced @entity1118 (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.50-0.90; p < 0.01) and @entity1109 (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.21-0.93; p < 0.05). Lightweight mesh was also associated with lower VAS @entity158 scores at 3 months after surgery ( @entity353 = -0.35, 95% CI = -0.39 to -0.31; p < 0.0001). There were no differences in hernia recurrence (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.54-2.64; p = 0.66) or other post-operative complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The use of lightweight mesh in @entity169 is associated with less @entity1118 , and @entity1109 compared with heavyweight mesh without any difference in recurrence.

title: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing lightweight and heavyweight mesh for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body sensation']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair']