abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The relationship between @entity6 and @entity712 is not fully established. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of @entity6 and its prognostic significance, considering mortality and the need of hospital admission due to @entity712 during the first year of follow-up, in an outpatient population with @entity712 attended in a specialized Unit. @entity1 AND METHOD: We studied 362 @entity1 -73% @entity1 ; mean age (standard deviation) 65.3 (10.9) years-. Mean ejection fraction was 32.2% (12.7%). @entity1 were in New York Heart Association functional class I (5%), II (47%), III (43%) and IV (5%). RESULTS: One-hundred forty-three out of 362 @entity1 were @entity6 (39.5%). Thirty @entity1 (8%) died and 70 (19%) needed to be hospitalized due to @entity712 during the first year of follow-up. One year mortality was 5% in non- @entity6 @entity1 and 13.3% in @entity6 @entity1 (p = 0.005). 13.2% of non- @entity6 @entity1 suffered at least one episode of @entity712 needing hospital admission, whereas 28.7% of @entity6 @entity1 needed to be hospitalized at least once (p < 0.001). In the multivariate regression analysis, @entity6 remained statistically associated both with mortality and with the need of @entity712 related hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 significantly correlated with a higher one year mortality as well as with a greater need of hospital admission due to @entity712 . Prevalence of @entity6 in a general population with @entity712 was high.

title: [Prognostic significance of @entity6 in a @entity712 population: one year mortality and XXXX related hospital admission].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Locally advanced @entity259 invading the tracheal cartilage represents a difficult treatment dilemma during thyroidectomy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed to determine the results of laryngotracheal resection or tracheal cartilage shave with adjuvant radiotherapy in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity259 invading the upper airway. RESULTS: Of 597 @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy for @entity259 , 40 were found to have laryngotracheal invasion. Thirty-five @entity1 with superficial invasion underwent cartilage shave procedures with adjuvant radiotherapy; five with full-thickness invasion underwent radical resection, including tracheal sleeve resection (n = 3) or total laryngectomy (n = 2). Histologic subtypes included papillary (n = 32), follicular (n = 2), Hurthle cell (n = 1), medullary (n = 3), and anaplastic (n = 2). Of the cartilage shave group, 25 are currently alive with no evidence of disease at a mean follow-up of 81 months (range 1-290). Six developed isolated local/regional recurrence and were managed with total laryngectomy (n = 1), tracheal resection (n = 1), cervical lymphadenectomy (n = 1), or repeat radiotherapy (n = 3). All six @entity1 @entity66 at a mean follow-up of 5 years. Of those who underwent initial laryngotracheal resection, four @entity66 at a mean follow-up of 5 years. The rates of 10-year disease-free survival and overall survival for all @entity1 were 47.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.8, 71.0) and 83.9% (95% CI 70.3, 97.5), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that adequate management of @entity259 with laryngotracheal invasion can be achieved with a more conservative surgical approach and adjuvant radiotherapy, reserving more radical resections for extensive @entity75 or locally recurrent disease.

title: Surgical management of XXXX invading the airway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['remain free of disease']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: A survey was conducted to determine differences in perspective towards Advanced @entity130 Life Support (ATLS) between emergency medicine (EM) physicians and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), assess its value in the management of acute @entity130 , and identify areas in the course which could be revised or updated. The survey was devised and completed by physicians after ATLS. Of 26 course @entity1 , there were 11 EM physicians (42%), four family practitioners (15%), four surgeons (15%), four internists (15%), two paediatricians (8%), and one anaesthesiologist (4%). Both groups found ATLS useful and relevant, and reported little deviation from their prior management of acute @entity130 . Unclear topics identified were airway, spine @entity130 , and burns/ @entity130 for EM, and head, abdominal, and paediatric @entity130 for @entity5 . Significant differences were noted for the following: 91% EM vs. 13% @entity5 felt ATLS could be shortened into a one-day course (p = 0.002), 64% EM vs. 7% @entity5 thought the laboratory could be omitted (p = 0.003), and all (100%) EM vs. 60% @entity5 believed the course could be taught by EM physicians as effectively as surgeons (p = 0.02). EM disagreed with @entity5 over the proposed requirement that all EM physicians be required to take ATLS (2.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.4, p = 0.03). The EM group reported doing > 20 per year of airway, vascular, and thoracostomy procedures in their own practice, whereas @entity5 did significantly fewer. ATLS may not be useful for EM practitioners actively involved in @entity130 care. Proposed changes from the EM perspective include shortening ATLS to one day, increased use of EM instructors, clarifying certain portions of the manual, and omitting the laboratory section or making it optional.

title: Advanced XXXX Life Support (ATLS): necessary for emergency physicians?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'other specialties']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cold injury', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: A 10-year-old uncastrated male Dalmatian @entity235 was referred for @entity854 consisting of chronic progressive stiffness and @entity2003 . Other symptoms were @entity7298 associated with @entity1017 , @entity2011 and @entity4683 , excessive panting, and an inspiratory stridor. The owner had noticed progressive thickening of the skin and enlargement of the tongue over the last 3 years. Physical examination revealed thickening of the skin, redundant skin folds, and enlargement of the tongue. The only remarkable abnormalities found on routine laboratory examination were mild @entity417 and an increased serum @entity9208 concentration. Circulating concentrations of total @entity1955 , free @entity1955 , and @entity52040 , and the results of an ACTH stimulation test were all within reference ranges. The basal serum @entity38904 ( @entity38904 ) concentration was markedly elevated (23microg/l) and did not decrease during a @entity413 tolerance test or after @entity1943 administration. The serum insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration was also markedly elevated (1254microg/l). Basal serum insulin concentration was high (95mU/l) and insulin concentrations increased considerably after @entity413 loading, consistent with insulin resistance. Abdominal ultrasonography showed no abnormalities. Survey radiographs of the vertebral column showed severe @entity4720 deformans extending from the cervical to the lumbosacral spine. CT scanning of the skull showed an enlarged pituitary gland with normal enhancement pattern. On post-mortem examination, the entire vertebral column appeared as a single and inflexible structure due to the presence of multiple fused @entity5040 . The pituitary gland contained an acidophilic @entity652 that immunostained positively for @entity38904 (and negatively for ACTH and alpha-MSH). In conclusion, this Dalmatian @entity235 with @entity2012 and insulin resistance represents the first case of @entity38904 hypersecretion proven to be due to a somatotroph @entity652 .

title: @entity2012 due to a somatroph @entity652 in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['polyphagia']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['gait abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['spondylosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) derived from @entity95 muscle enhanced IgM production by @entity1 - @entity1 hybridoma HB4C5 cells 12.4-fold at 320 mug/ml under serum-free conditions. LDHs from @entity1707 muscle and @entity1707 heart also accelerated IgM production 8.4- and 6.4-fold, respectively. The immunoglobulin production stimulating activity of LDH was not accompanied by activation of cell proliferation. LDH from @entity95 muscle facilitated IgM and IgG production by @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes. This means LDH stimulates immunoglobulin production not only by the specified hybridoma cell line, but also by unspecified immunoglobulin producers. LDH from @entity95 muscle enhanced IgM production of transcription-suppressed HB4C5 cells treated with @entity4316 . The immunoglobulin production-stimulating factors (IPSFs) effect of LDH was slightly weakened by @entity3163 (translation inhibitor) treatment of HB4C5. Moreover, the amount of intracellular IgM of @entity6193 -treated HB4C5 cells was obviously enhanced by LDH. This result means that the IPSF effect of LDH is irrelevant to the post-translation activity of target cells. It is expected from these findings that LDH from @entity95 muscle accelerates the translation step to enhance immunoglobulin productivity. The immunoglobulin production-stimulating activity of LDH was inhibited by @entity3812 , endocytosis inhibitor. This fact suggests that it is necessary for LDH to be taken by target cells to act as an IPSF.

title: XXXX dehydrogenase enhances immunoglobulin production by @entity1 hybridoma and @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity6193 :: ('MESH:D008985', 'Chemical') :: ['monensin']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['Lactate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to ascertain the safety and efficacy of @entity2488 resection and reconstruction of the pulmonary artery in @entity1 who had undergone induction chemotherapy for @entity2 . METHODS: Between January 1991 and July 1996, we operated on 68 @entity1 who had received three cycles of @entity900 -based induction chemotherapy. In 27 of these cases, we performed a lobectomy (n = 25) or bilobectomy (n = 2) associated with reconstruction of the bronchus, the pulmonary artery, or both. In only five additional @entity1 , pneumonectomy had to be carried out. Before chemotherapy, 14 @entity1 were in stage IIIA and 13 were in stage IIIB. All @entity1 in stage IIIB had T4 disease; no N3 cases were included. At thoracotomy, one @entity1 had no evidence of @entity5 , six were in stage I, 13 were in stage II, six were in stage IIIA, and one was in stage IIIB. Sixteen @entity1 had @entity957 and 11 had @entity420 . RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 underwent @entity2488 resection; 11 had various types of pulmonary artery reconstruction, associated with the @entity2488 in eight cases. In 26 @entity1 , resection was radical with histologically negative margins. Neither bronchial complications nor @entity204 occurred. One @entity1 had @entity3509 and two had wound @entity281 . Mean chest tube duration was 6 days. After a postoperative follow-up of 4 to 69 months (mean 25 months), 14 @entity1 are alive and free of disease, one is alive with disease, and 12 have died. There were no local recurrences. The 1- and 4-year survival rates are 78% and 39%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is technically demanding, lobectomy associated with bronchovascular reconstruction is feasible, with good immediate and long-term results, after induction chemotherapy.

title: Safety and efficacy of bronchovascular reconstruction after induction chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial sleeve']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: RATIONALE: Early environment can shape the development and function of the mesocorticolimbic @entity935 (DA) system and represents a possible risk factor for adult pathologies. One critical variable in the early environment is nutrition, and exposure to high fat (HF) in adulthood is known to change this DA system. OBJECTIVES: We tested whether perinatal HF intake in @entity35 could have long-term effects on DA function and behavior in adult offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity35 dams were fed either a control (5% fat, @entity1050 ) or high fat (30% fat, HF) diet during the last week of gestation and lactation, and adult offspring were tested (PND 56-90) after weaning on @entity1050 . Locomotor responses to acute and repeated doses of D: - @entity4944 ( @entity860 , 0.75 mg/kg bw) were determined as were indices of DA function in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). RESULTS: Adult HF offspring displayed increased @entity669 hydroxylase expression in the VTA and NAc and significant increases in DA and @entity4925 content in the NAc, suggesting an elevated DA tone in this target field. In the NAc, there were no significant changes in D1, D2 receptors, or @entity23491 ( @entity23491 ) levels between diet groups. Perinatal HF feeding reduced @entity860 -induced locomotion and behavioral sensitization to @entity860 , suggesting that early diet might have caused long-lasting desensitization of postsynaptic receptor mechanisms in the NAc. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that both synthetic activity in VTA neurons and the responsiveness of accumbens DA neurons is altered by maternal nutrition. These effects subside long after termination of exposure to the HF diet.

title: Maternal high fat diet during the perinatal period alters mesocorticolimbic XXXX in the adult @entity35 offspring: reduction in the behavioral responses to repeated @entity4944 administration.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Proteolytic enzymes, and especially @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), play an important role in @entity5 invasion and @entity3 . Previously we demonstrated that the production of @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) was decreased by several @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKI) in two @entity263 cell lines. The effect of the two TKI @entity670 and @entity20830 was investigated in the @entity263 cell lines PC-3 and DU-145. A reconstituted basal lamina (Matrigel) was used as a migration barrier. The production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) was also measured. Roles of plasminogen and @entity2290 were examined. Cell invasion was increased by plasminogen, but this enhanced cell migration was counteracted by TKI treatment. The increased cell invasion induced by plasminogen was decreased by at least 60% in both cell lines when alpha-2 anti-plasmin was added to the assay. Cells in the absence of plasminogen were not affected by TKI. External @entity2290 failed to regenerate the decreased cell invasion caused by TKI. The production of MMP was inhibited by both TKI. Our results indicate a possible role of TKI as inhibitors of @entity5 cell invasion by inhibiting @entity2290 and MMP production.

title: The invasive behaviour of XXXX cells is suppressed by inhibitors of @entity669 kinase.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity5 were given @entity2591 labeled at position 4 with radioactive @entity505 (14C) by either the intravenous (iv) or subcutaneous (sc) route. Absorption of the drug from the sc injection site was rapid and peak plasma levels were attained within one-half hour. Within 2 hours, the plasma level of radioactivity was approximately equal to that noted in the @entity1 treated iv. The plasma half-life after iv injection was 3.5 hours; after sc administration, the plasma half-life was 4.2 hours. @entity1 receiving the drug sc excreted less drug in the urine than did those receiving the drug iv. No radioactivity was detected in the expired @entity544 when the drug was given by either route. Drug uptake into @entity5 tissue was always greater than uptake into surrounding normal tissue. The highest concentrations of radioactivity in the tissues were achieved when the drug had been given iv. Traces of radioactivity were still detectable in the tissues for as long as 6 days after administration of the drug. The incorporation of radioactivity into @entity5 RNA but not into DNA was demonstrated. The maximum level of radioactivity detected in the spinal fluid was equivalent to 0.2 microg of @entity2591 per milliliter of fluid.

title: Absorption, distribution, and excretion of XXXX ( @entity2591 ) in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2591 :: ('MESH:D001374', 'Chemical') :: ['5-azacytidine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity2591 :: (MESH:D001374,Chemical) :: ['5-azacytidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyperfibrinolysis is a pathological state that often results in depletion of coagulation factors and platelets and can contribute to @entity548 . Factor XIII (FXIII) and @entity556 activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor have key roles in protecting clots against fibrinolysis. We tested the hypotheses that FXIII concentrate, @entity18623 complex concentrate (PCC), recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), and @entity927 (TA) inhibit fibrinolysis to different degrees, and that platelets contribute to antifibrinolysis. METHODS: Hyperfibrinolysis was induced by addition of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) (final concentration: 100 ng    mL(-1)) to citrated whole blood obtained from 13 healthy volunteers. To assess inhibition of fibrinolysis, we added to the assays FXIII-A(2)B(2) (0.42 U    mL(-1)), PCC (0.42 U    mL(-1)), rFVIIa (final concentration: 1.6  g    mL(-1)), TA (final concentration: 0.33 mg    mL(-1)), or saline. Coagulation was analyzed by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM  ) using the clot lysis index (CLI) after 45 and 60 minutes in extrinsically activated assays, with (FIBTEM  ) and without (EXTEM  ) inhibition of platelet function by cytochalasin D. RESULTS: After r-tPA-evoked fibrinolysis (CLI45: median 78%; 72/85.5, 25th/75th percentile), FXIII (90%; 82.5/96, P = 0.025), PCC (89%; 74/91, P = 0.0465), and TA (94%; 92/96, P = 0.001) but not rFVIIa (79%; 72/86.5, P = 1.0) significantly attenuated the decrease in CLI. Similarly, CLI60 increased only with FXIII (66%; 33/90.5, P = 0.017) and TA (90%; 89/92, P = 0.001) compared with r-tPA alone (21%; 7/59). After abolition of platelet function by cytochalasin D, only TA (95%; 89/97.5, P = 0.0025) and PCC (84%; 70.5/90, P = 0.0305) but not FXIII or rFVIIa significantly increased CLI45 and CLI60 (TA: 89%; 84.5/96, P = 0.01 and PCC: 55%; 29.5/60, P = 0.0405) compared with r-tPA alone (CLI45: 59%; 40.5/72.5 and CLI60: 10%; 0/30). CONCLUSION: In thromboelastometric assays using whole blood, only TA, FXIII, and PCC significantly inhibited r-tPA-evoked @entity9660 whereas rFVIIa had no effect. We also found that the effects of exogenous FXIII were dependent on the presence of functional platelets.

title: Factor XIII and @entity927 but not recombinant factor VIIa attenuate tissue plasminogen activator-induced XXXX in human whole blood.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity18623 :: ('MESH:D011516', 'Chemical') :: ['prothrombin']

entities_list: @entity9660 :: ('MESH:C567640', 'Disease') :: ['hyperfibrinolysis']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity9660 :: (MESH:C567640,Disease) :: ['hyperfibrinolysis']


abstract: The neonatal brain is susceptible to @entity2359 . In a previous report we showed that a single neonatal injection of @entity5542 , known to cause damage in the @entity1019 ( @entity1019 ), induces a precocious yet otherwise normal puberty in female @entity35 . We have examined this ability of the @entity5702 ( @entity5702 ) to recover from an excitotoxic insult using the immediate-early gene @entity5019 as a developmental marker of @entity1019 response to @entity2227 receptor stimulation with @entity1024 ( @entity143 ). Groups of neonatal ( @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 2) pups were injected with @entity5542 , then stimulated on subsequent days ( @entity227 3-29) with @entity143 , known to induce @entity5019 expression in @entity1019 . Computer-assisted densitometry was used to quantify @entity5019 -like immunoreactivity (FLI) profiles in @entity1019 . Pups treated neonatally with saline ( @entity227 2) showed a robust, age-specific expression of FLI in the @entity1019 following @entity143 treatment. The FLI response was absent in the days immediately following an @entity5542 lesion but subsequently recovered up to 75% of maximum by @entity227 16. Almost full recovery was seen by @entity227 29. We also examined the ability of the @entity1019 to recover following chronic @entity5542 treatment ( @entity227 2-8), known to induce extensive @entity16 . These pups displayed an unusual response to subsequent @entity143 injection, consisting of 5 min cycles of hyper- and hypoactivity. Stimulation with @entity143 revealed only a 50% recovery of FLI even at @entity227 29. In both treatment groups (acute vs. chronic @entity5542 ) the zone of recovery (i.e., reappearance of FLI) was initiated close to the third ventricle and with time radiated towards the periphery of the @entity1019 . Some cells which reacquired FLI in the @entity1019 following lesions presented a highly irregular condensed nuclear morphology. We conclude that the recovery of hypothalamic function (i.e., onset of puberty) after a neonatal @entity5542 lesion is coincident with the reappearance of a normal pattern of @entity5019 expression in response to @entity143 stimulation.

title: Recovery of hypothalamic @entity143 -induced @entity5019 expression following neonatal XXXX ( @entity5542 ) lesions.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['postnatal day', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic damage']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['MBH', 'medial basal hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['ARC', 'arcuate nucleus']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic insult']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Excess GH secretion has a well recognized association with @entity4262 . Although there have been a number of reported pregnancies in uncontrolled @entity2012 , none has been described in the @entity4262 . We have studied the GH and insulin-like growth factor I ( @entity442 ) profiles in a @entity1 with confirmed @entity4262 and GH hypersecretion throughout a successful pregnancy and postpartum period. Prepregnancy, @entity442 was 60.6 nmol/L (normal, 18.0--43.1), and the daytime GH profile measured using assay A was 9.6--14.0 mU/L. At 13 weeks gestation there was a decline of @entity442 to 33.9 nmol/L and in the daytime GH profile (assay A) to 5.4--6.8 mU/L. At 24 weeks, @entity442 had risen to 51.6 nmol/L. A simultaneous daytime GH profile at this time using assay A revealed levels between 21.3--22.1 mU/L, but only 2.1--3.0 mU/L with assay B. Assay A has significant cross-reactivity with @entity1 placental lactogen ( @entity4151 ), unlike assay B. At 36 weeks, @entity442 was still elevated at 56.6 nmol/L, with a daytime GH profile of 16.6--17.7 mU/L using assay A and 1.5--3.9 mU/L with assay B. At 12 weeks postpartum, @entity442 was 71.4 nmol/L, and the daytime GH profile with assay B was 5.6--8.6 mU/L. These data support a picture of GH suppression during pregnancy in @entity2012 associated with @entity4262 , shown best with assay B, which discriminates between GH and @entity4151 . These results contrast with previous reports of pregnancy in uncontrolled acromegalics, in whom pituitary GH levels were unaffected by pregnancy, and total GH and @entity442 levels were noted to be elevated. These data suggest that GH secretion in a pregnant acromegalic with the @entity4262 may not be entirely autonomous, as seen in classic @entity2012 , but may be associated with a degree of negative feedback control that could be exerted by a circulating factor of placental origin, probably @entity4151 or placental GH.

title: XXXX : growth hormone dynamics in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['McCune-Albright syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

answer: @entity4262 :: (MESH:D005359,Disease) :: ['McCune-Albright syndrome']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of protein A immunoabsorption in terms of response rate and @entity137 in @entity1 with classical @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ) refractory to therapeutic plasma exchange. The study included nine females and one male with a diagnosis of classical @entity2106 treated at multiple university hospital centers with protein A immunoabsorption (PAI) after having failed plasma exchange. The 10 @entity1 had an age range 17-62 years. Prior to PAI, the @entity1 had failed to respond to a mean of 15 (range 6-39) therapeutic plasma exchanges. Three @entity1 had previous episodes of @entity2106 . Evaluation for response to PAI included serial measurements of serum @entity1011 , @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count before, during, and up to 18 months post-PAI treatment. Seven of 10 study @entity1 had resolution of their @entity2106 . Six of the @entity1 required six or fewer therapeutic PAIs and one required 12 treatments. All responding @entity1 had evidence of improvement by the third PAI treatment. Three @entity1 demonstrated no response to PAI, with two @entity1 expiring from complications of @entity2106 and one @entity1 demonstrating a complete response to a subsequent therapy. No significant @entity137 was noted with the use of PAI in this setting. Protein A immunoabsorption in @entity1 with classical @entity2106 refractory to plasma exchange can produce durable complete remissions and warrants comparative studies.

title: Treatment of plasma refractory XXXX with protein A immunoabsorption.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

answer: @entity2106 :: (MESH:D011697,Disease) :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with @entity416 and @entity900 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity2622 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 were treated with oral @entity416 (1,000 mg/m2 twice daily, days 1-14) and intravenous @entity900 (50 mg/m(2) on day 1 every 3 weeks) for a maximum of six cycles. RESULTS: Their median age was 50 years (31-74 years). Ten @entity1 (63%) had recurrent disease outside the radiation field. The overall response rate was 50% (95% confidence interval 26-75%); 4 @entity1 had complete response (25%). The overall response rate was 33% in @entity1 with recurrent disease within the previous irradiated field and 60% in @entity1 with @entity5 outside the irradiated field. The median time to progression was 9 months, with a median overall survival of 23 months. The majority of adverse events were mild and there were no grade 4 adverse events. @entity1503 was the most frequent adverse event with grade 3 @entity1398 in 19% of @entity1 . Grade 2 and 3 @entity8566 occurred in 38 and 6% of the @entity1 , respectively. There were no chemotherapy-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity416 plus @entity900 is a clinically active regimen with acceptable tolerability for @entity1 with recurrent @entity2622 .

title: A pilot phase II study of @entity416 plus @entity900 in the treatment of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: Extensive research has been carried out in recent years to discover the potential risk factors contributing to cardiac allograft atherogenesis. Injury to endothelial cells has been regarded as an important early mechanism in the development of transplant @entity731 ; it leads to the manifestation of epicardial and microvascular @entity409 and development of intimal @entity1373 . Moreover, continuous minor endothelial cell damage contributes to @entity409 which reflects one of the first measurable steps in the cascade of atherogenesis without macroscopic evidence of @entity455 . The discovery of two important vasoactive substances @entity842 (NO) and endothelin (ET) has brought new insights but also new unsolved questions regarding the mechanisms leading to @entity731 . To date it is known that both substances play a major role in both prevention and development of @entity731 . NO appears to be protective in low concentrations by inhibiting leukocyte and platelet activation/adherence and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Impaired endothelial NO production, as one cause of @entity409 may occur in early stages of @entity731 before macroscopic lesions are evident. In addition, increased endothelin release also results in @entity409 by inducing vasoconstriction; it promotes @entity455 formation due to endothelial- and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Direct and indirect manipulation of both the NO and ET signal transduction systems may provide novel preventive and therapeutic approaches for limiting transplant atherogenesis and to treat native @entity731 . This review summarizes important experimental and clinical evidence which points to @entity842 and endothelin as potential therapeutic targets in the process of @entity299 .

title: @entity842 and endothelin in the development of XXXX . Potential targets for therapeutic interventions.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion', 'vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac allograft vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac allograft vasculopathy']


abstract: A rare case of @entity5619 of the left hemidiaphragm is reported. A 53-year-old @entity1 referred to our institution for an abnormal shadow on chest roentgenogram. Chest X-ray showed a 6 x 6 cm mass in the left lower lung filed. The margin of the mass was clear and the surface was smooth. The lateral view showed a mass on the diaphragm with the extrapleural sign. Chest CT demonstrated the mass as a multi loculated cyst. Celiac angiography demonstrated the branch of the inferior diaphragmatic artery at the margin of the mass. Her serum CA19-9 level was 470 U/ml. The @entity1 underwent surgical exploration. Operative findings showed the smooth surface mass was on the diaphragm covered with pleura. Resected @entity5 was large as 7.5 x 6.5 x 4.0 cm. The surface was smooth and white-yellowish, and the cut surface presented a multi loculated cyts. Histopathological examination showed a @entity5619 . CA19-9 in the cyst fluid was elevated as 445,900 U/ml. The serum CA19-9 level returned to normal after the operation.

title: [A resected case of XXXX of the left hemidiaphragm with elevated serum CA19-9].

entities_list: @entity5619 :: ('MESH:D001994', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic cyst']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

answer: @entity5619 :: (MESH:D001994,Disease) :: ['bronchogenic cyst']


abstract: Almost every second trekker or climber develops two to three symptoms of the high @entity221 after a rapid ascent (> 300 m/day) to an altitude above 4000 m. We distinguish two forms of high @entity221 , a cerebral form called @entity5754 and a pulmonary form called high altitude @entity3126 . Essentially, @entity5754 is self-limiting and benign. Its symptoms are mild to moderate @entity10 , @entity1277 , @entity390 , @entity1296 and @entity22 . @entity390 rarely progresses to @entity391 , but if it does, this may anticipate a progression of the disease into the severe form of @entity5754 , called high altitude @entity2657 . Symptoms and signs of high altitude @entity2657 are severe @entity10 , which is not relieved by @entity1443 , @entity717 , @entity2055 and @entity1032 ending in @entity772 . The mechanisms leading to @entity5754 are not very well understood; the loss of cerebral autoregulation and a vasogenic type of @entity2657 are being discussed. High altitude @entity3126 presents in roughly twenty percent of the cases with mild symptoms of @entity5754 or even without any symptoms at all. Symptoms associated with high altitude @entity3126 are incapacitating fatigue, chest tightness, dyspnoe at the minimal effort that advances to dyspnoe at rest and orthopnoe, and a dry non-productive cough that progresses to cough with pink frothy sputum due to hemoptysis. The hallmark of high altitude @entity3126 is an exaggerated @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction. Successful prophylaxis and treatment of high altitude @entity3126 using @entity594 , a pulmonary vasodilator, indicates that @entity120 is crucial for the development of high altitude @entity3126 . The primary treatment of high @entity221 consists in improving @entity519 and acclimatization. For prophylaxis a slow ascent at a rate of 300 m/day is recommended, if symptoms persist, @entity3791 at a dose of 500 mg/day is effective. Mild @entity5754 may also be treated with the same dose @entity3791 . Glucocorticoids are the first line treatment of the malignant form of @entity5754 . @entity594 is effective only for the prophylaxis and treatment of high altitude @entity3126 .

title: [Mountaineering and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity5754 :: ('MESH:D000532', 'Disease') :: ['acute mountain sickness']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['loss of movement coordination']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['altitude illness']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity5754 :: (MESH:D000532,Disease) :: ['altitude sickness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are effective rescue therapies for @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ), but have significant side effects, which may be amplified in the growing population of elderly @entity1 with @entity29 . We aimed to compare the use of @entity230 and @entity479 -sparing therapies (immunomodulators and biologics) and rates of complications among elderly (>= 65) and younger @entity1 in a national cohort of veterans with @entity29 . METHODS: We used national Veterans Health Administrative data to conduct a retrospective study of veterans with @entity29 between 2002 and 2010. Medications and the incidence of complications were obtained from the Veterans Health Administrative Decision Support Systems. Multivariate logistic regression accounting for facility-level clustering was used to identify predictors of use of @entity479 -sparing medications. RESULTS: We identified 30,456 veterans with @entity29 . Of these, 94% were @entity1 and 40% were more than 65, and 32% were given @entity230 . Elderly veterans were less likely to receive @entity230 (23.8% versus 38.3%, P < 0.001) and were less likely to be prescribed @entity479 -sparing medications (25.5% versus 46.9%, respectively, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis controlling for sex, age <65 (odds ratio, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.54-3.11) and gastroenterology care (odds ratio, 8.42; 95% CI, 6.18-11.47) were associated with initiation of @entity479 -sparing medications. After starting @entity230 , @entity174 rates increased in the elderly @entity1 with @entity29 , whereas @entity1211 and @entity281 after starting @entity230 affected both age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly veterans are less likely to receive @entity230 and @entity479 -sparing medications than younger veterans; elderly @entity1 exposed to @entity230 were more likely to have @entity174 than the younger population.

title: Age Disparities in the Use of @entity479 -sparing Therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['increases in venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To avoid inducing a state of @entity66 ( @entity66 ), assisted reproductive technologies (ART) must maintain a balance of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and antioxidants during the in vitro culture of oocytes. However, oocyte requirements and tolerance thresholds for ROS during in vivo development are still unclear. Previous studies have examined ROS levels in follicular fluid (FF) using pooled samples or according to follicle size. This study sought to examine two @entity66 markers, lipid @entity8415 (LPO) and @entity273 ( @entity274 ), in FF of individually sampled follicles from @entity291 ovary pairs according to follicle size, @entity1146 , and dominance status. METHODS: TUNEL and cleaved Caspase-3 labeling were used to identify apoptotic granulosa cells and determine follicle @entity1146 status. LPO were measured directly for the first time in FF. RESULTS: Non-atretic follicles and dominant follicles contained more FF @entity274 than atretic follicles and corresponding subordinate follicles, respectively. FF LPO did not vary in relation to @entity159 , and no difference existed between dominant and subordinate follicles. However, FF LPO was significantly lower in first subordinate follicles than in the second subordinate follicles from each ovary pair. Neither @entity274 nor LPO levels correlated with follicle size. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide clear evidence that the events of antral folliculogenesis are relevant to ROS dynamics in vivo. Furthermore, such studies will help to optimize in vitro conditions for oocyte culture protocols, particularly when combined with a comparison of oocyte quality with respect to source follicle characteristics.

title: Follicular fluid @entity273 and lipid @entity273 in XXXX antral follicles of various size, @entity1146 , and dominance status.

entities_list: @entity8415 :: ('CHEBI:35924', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxides']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['atretic status']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Both @entity28 and @entity53139 are individually considered to be closely associated with @entity209 ( @entity209 ). Whether the 2 factors synergistically associate with @entity209 is not yet confirmed. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity28 and @entity53139 are interactively associated with @entity209 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 7390 adults (age 32-62 years old) was conducted from 2009 to  2010. RESULTS: Our results showed that greater serum @entity53139 quartiles were positively associated with all @entity1560 (P < .001). The odds ratio of @entity209 increased significantly along with quartiles of @entity53139 and @entity28 . In comparison with subjects with normal body mass index and first quartile @entity53139 , the odds ratio of @entity209 in obese groups with 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile @entity53139 were 6.8, 14.5, 20.3, and 45.2, respectively, and it remained tenable after adjustment for @entity1560 . The synergy index of @entity53139 and @entity28 on @entity209 is 2.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-2.6). CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity53139 level in combination with @entity28 can be a simple but useful tool for risk stratification of developing @entity209 . Obese individuals with high-normal @entity53139 levels require close monitoring for high risk of @entity209 .

title: Synergistic effect of gamma glutamyltransferase and @entity28 on @entity209 , independent of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity53139 :: ('728226', 'Gene') :: ['GGT', 'gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT)']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['MetS components and fatty liver', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['hepatic steatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 epididymis protein 4 ( @entity3422 ) is a new biomarker for the detection of @entity43 . The objective of this review was to assess by meta-analysis the overall diagnostic accuracy of @entity3422 assay in differentiating @entity43 from benign gynecology diseases. STUDY DESIGN: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published up to June 2012 that evaluated @entity3422 accuracy. Meta-analysis was used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, the positive likelihood ratio (PLR), the negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and the area under curve (AUC). RESULTS: A total of 11 studies with 3395 @entity1 who fulfilled all inclusion criteria were considered in the analysis. No publication bias was found. @entity3422 had a pooled sensitivity of 0.74 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72-0.76) and a pooled specificity of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.85-0.89). Overall, the positive likelihood ratio was 8.04 (95% CI, 4.89-13.21) and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.22-0.34). When @entity3422 was combined with @entity10224 , the sensitivity was higher than that of @entity3422 alone at the expense of lower specificity. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of serum @entity3422 is a useful method for differential diagnosis between @entity13374 and @entity43 .

title: @entity1 epididymis protein 4 for differential diagnosis between XXXX and @entity43 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'malignant ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['benign gynecologic disease']

answer: @entity13374 :: (MESH:D005831,Disease) :: ['benign gynecologic disease']


abstract: The technique used most commonly to quantitate @entity3126 in in vivo animal models is postmortem gravimetric analysis (wet:dry) ratio. To determine whether lung water can be quantitated morphometrically, as accurately as by the commonly used gravimetric analysis, perivascular @entity4 (cuff) area to vessel area ratio was correlated to wet:dry ratio. Anesthetized @entity1707 were given either @entity3952 (20 mg/kg/h, intravenously) or physiologic saline. At 4 h, lungs were excised and cuff:vessel and wet:dry ratio analysis was performed. The intermediate lobe was clamped across its main stem bronchus to maintain peak inspiratory inflation, excised, frozen in liquid @entity1568 , and stored at -70 degrees C until cryostat sectioning and quantification of perivascular @entity4 (cuff) area. Gravimetric analysis (wet:dry ratio) was performed on the remaining lung. Mean cuff:vessel and wet:dry analyzes showed that lung water increased significantly (p < .01) in the @entity3952 treated group (4.9 +/- .22 and 6.78 +/- .47, respectively), compared with the saline group (.03 +/- .02 and 2.55 +/- .27, respectively). The correlation coefficient between mean cuff:vessel and wet:dry ratios was .86 (p = .0016). This study demonstrates that cuff:vessel ratio analysis can be used to identify the distribution of @entity4 fluid versus vessel diameter, and seems to be as effective a technique as gravimetric analysis to quantitate lung water changes in @entity647 models. Moreover cuff:vessel ratio analysis can differentiate modest changes in @entity3126 by direct quantitation, an important end-point not provided by wet:dry analysis. Therefore, it may be a more sensitive technique when investigating therapeutic interventions in in vivo models of @entity647 .

title: Morphometric analysis of XXXX -induced permeability @entity3126 : correlation with gravimetric lung water.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid', 'oleic-acid']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity3952 :: (MESH:D019301,Chemical) :: ['oleic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accounts of renal pathological findings in @entity884 are mostly based on studies from many years ago. We reviewed a group of @entity1 with @entity884 in the light of modern concepts of renal pathology, including the largest reported series of renal biopsies in this condition. METHODS: Renal tissue was available for retrospective study from 62 @entity1 with confirmed @entity884 out of 354 diagnosed with the disease between 1981 and 1998 inclusive. Twenty @entity1 had a renal biopsy and 42 a necropsy. RESULTS: Common @entity8 noted were localized @entity1188 in 31%, noted only in necropsy material, and acute @entity631 in 26%, noted in biopsy and necropsy material. The commonest type of @entity631 was vasculitic, without deposition of immunoproteins in glomeruli. Of the renal @entity1188 over half were due to @entity999 , mostly in @entity1 infected with @entity794 . Acute @entity1986 was found in 10% but was more common in biopsy material and seemed attributable to antibiotics. @entity5720 found in 10% was apparent only at necropsy. There were various other findings in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS: The kidneys are commonly affected in @entity884 by a variety of complications of clinical significance. The commonest type of @entity631 does not appear to be attributable to deposition of immune complexes. A renal biopsy may be helpful in the investigation of @entity8 in a @entity1 with @entity884 .

title: Renal pathological findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesions', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cortical necrosis']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['septic emboli']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity3998 -non-restricted cytotoxic T cell line TALL-104 has been shown to display potent antitumor effects in several animal models with spontaneous and induced @entity5 . In view of its potential future use in @entity5 therapy, we investigated the tolerability and target-organ @entity137 of these cells in various animal species. The acute @entity137 of @entity1 cell administrations was evaluated in: (a) healthy immunocompetent @entity19 and @entity465 ( @entity915 ) @entity19 bearing @entity1 @entity5 using multiple (up to 15) intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections, and (b) healthy @entity235 , tumor-bearing @entity235 , and healthy monkeys using multiple (up to 17) intravenous (i.v.) injections. @entity1 cells were gamma-irradiated (40 Gy) prior to administration to @entity19 and @entity235 , but administered without irradiation in monkeys. Cell doses ranged from 5 x 10(7)/kg to 10(10)/kg for each injection. All regimens were well tolerated, the main clinical signs observed being transient gastrointestinal effects. Moderate and transient increases in liver transaminase levels were observed in all animal species. @entity491 with @entity4795 was also noted in @entity235 and monkeys after i.v. injections of @entity1 cells. Histological analysis revealed foci of @entity99 with lympho-/mono-/granulocytic infiltration in immunocompetent @entity19 injected i.p. with 5 x 10(9)-10(10) cells/kg. In the same @entity19 , the colon showed an increased number of muciparous cells and alterations in the villi structure: these alterations were completely reversed by 72 h after the last injection, while liver alterations reversed more slowly (1 week). No delayed or chronic @entity137 was observed in any of the animals even when non-irradiated @entity1 cells were administered: both immunocompetent @entity19 and healthy @entity235 were found to be grossly and histopathologically normal when sacrificed (1 year and 1 month after the last TALL-104 injection respectively). @entity1 cells did not persist in these hosts. In addition, monkeys showed no molecular signs of @entity1 -cell-induced @entity1778 in their blood 1 year after the last cell injection. Despite immunosuppression, most of the tumor-bearing @entity235 as well as the healthy @entity235 and monkeys developed both humoral and cellular immune responses against @entity1 cells. The data derived from these preclinical studies suggest that administration of high doses of irradiated @entity1 cells is well tolerated and would be unlikely to induce severe @entity137 if applied in clinical trials to the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Toxicological and immunological evaluation of the XXXX -non-restricted cytotoxic T cell line TALL-104.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'refractory cancer', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['Discrete and transient leukocytosis']

answer: @entity3998 :: (3133,Gene) :: ['MHC']


abstract: Feeding a high- @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) diet and administration of alkalinizing agents have both been shown to improve performance in high-intensity exercise. The effect of these treatments in combination was investigated in the present study. Six healthy male subjects exercised to exhaustion on an electrically braked cycle ergometer at a power output equivalent to 100% of their maximum @entity26 uptake (VO2,max) on four separate occasions. Each subject consumed either a diet with the same composition as his normal diet (termed the experimental normal (N) diet; 54 +/- 7% @entity435 , 13 +/- 2% protein, 33 +/- 7% fat) or a high- @entity435 diet (81 +/- 2% @entity435 , 13 +/- 2% protein, 6 +/- 1% fat) that had the same energy and protein content for the 3 days prior to the exercise tests. Subjects then ingested either a placebo ( @entity16415 ) or @entity26497 (0.3 g (kg body mass)-1) 3 h before exercise. Time to fatigue was not different between experimental conditions. Consumption of the high- @entity435 diet had no effect on blood acid-base status, but the ingestion of @entity4958 induced a mild @entity5838 after both the N diet and the high- @entity435 diet. This alkalinizing effect was also evident after exercise, since blood pH, plasma @entity3157 and blood base excess were higher (P < 0.05) after the ingestion of @entity4958 than under the placebo conditions. The changes in blood @entity880 , @entity2388 and @entity413 and plasma @entity653 after exercise were similar for all experimental conditions. Blood @entity880 , @entity413 and @entity2388 and plasma @entity653 concentrations increased from resting values (P < 0.01) following exercise but this increase was similar under all experimental conditions. These data demonstrate that when the energy and protein content of the diets is the same, exercise capacity and the metabolic response to intense exercise are similar following consumption either of a high- @entity435 diet or a more normal diet. Acute ingestion of @entity4958 prior to exercise resulted in a reduction in post-exercise @entity520 despite a blood @entity880 concentration that was similar to that observed after the ingestion of a placebo, but did not affect exercise performance under the conditions of this study.

title: The effect of XXXX ingestion on the metabolic response to intense exercise following diet manipulation in man.

entities_list: @entity26497 :: ('MESH:C514290', 'Chemical') :: ['trisodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity4958 :: ('MESH:C102006', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity4958 :: (MESH:C102006,Chemical) :: ['sodium citrate']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This investigation was aimed at characterizing anomalies and syndromes associated with @entity11375 in a large group of @entity1 . The authors evaluated the clinical and radiographic features, documented the associated anomalies, and registered the type of treatment. OBJECTIVE: The @entity154 and the development of @entity1635 were correlated to the type of @entity11375 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, the authors reviewed data from 57 @entity1 with @entity11375 treated over 25 years at the Department for Orthopedics of the University of Heidelberg. The @entity1 (17 males and 40 females; average age of the first contact, 12 years) were classified into three types according to the description of Feil in 1919. RESULTS: @entity11375 Type I (fusion of cervical and @entity1514 with @entity8213 ) and Type II (isolated cervical spine) corresponded to 40% and 47% of @entity1 , respectively. Type III (cervical vertebra associated with lower thoracic or @entity2649 ) was displayed in 13% of the @entity1 only. The authors found a variety of combinations of @entity11375 and other anomalies in the @entity1 examined in this study, with 67% of the @entity1 characterized by an association with other @entity74 . Of the @entity1 , 70% showed @entity1635 . Its degree depended on the type of @entity11375 . @entity1635 in Type I correlated with 31 degrees (Cobb angle), in Type III with 23 degrees, and in Type II with 9 degrees only. Thus, Type II, with isolated cervical fusion, shows a low risk for @entity1635 . CONCLUSION: This study increases knowledge of a wide @entity154 and syndromes identified in association with @entity11375 . A special finding of the study was a correlation between the degree of @entity1635 and @entity11375 Types I, II, and III.

title: XXXX and @entity154 associated with @entity11375 types I-III.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomalies or syndromes', 'range of anomalies']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['upper lumbar fusion']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['upper thoracic vertebra']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis', 'scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity11375 :: ('MESH:D007714', 'Disease') :: ['Klippel-Feil syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorders or syndromes']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['Scoliosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine which non-depolarizing relaxant among @entity2899 , @entity3369 , @entity5159 , @entity24478 and @entity2898 prevented @entity2901 and @entity925 following @entity2900 . METHODS: In this double blind randomized study, 120 female @entity1 scheduled for laparoscopic procedures were studied. They were divided into six groups of 20 according to the non-depolarizing pretreatment used: @entity1219 0.9% (control), 0.05 mg.kg-1 @entity2899 , 0.01 mg.kg-1 @entity3369 , 0.05 mg.kg-1 atracurium, 0.02 mg.kg-1 mivacurium and 0.06 mg.kg-1 @entity2898 . Four minutes after the pretreatment, 1.5 mg.kg-1 @entity2900 was injected. Side effects of the pretreatment, the presence and magnitude of @entity2901 , the ease of tracheal intubation, @entity925 1, 24 and 48 hr after surgery were observed. A Puritan Bennett Datex 221 NMT Relaxograph monitor was used to evaluate the @entity4094 . RESULTS: Muscle @entity2901 were observed in 19 of the 20 @entity1 in the control group and in 3 of the 20 @entity1 in the @entity2898 group, the best of the pretreatments in that aspect. Four @entity1 in the mivacurium group were unable to sustain more than four seconds head-lift after pretreatment (P < 0.05). Tracheal intubation conditions were better and the onset of block was faster and longer after @entity2900 in the control group (P < 0.05). @entity925 were present in 71% of the @entity1 24 hr postoperatively and the frequency was not different among the groups. CONCLUSION: Among the pretreatments tested, 0.06 mg.kg-1 @entity2898 was the best to prevent @entity2901 following @entity2900 injection. In the population studied, pretreatment did not prevent @entity282 . @entity2900 1.5 mg.kg-1 was more effective without a non-depolarizing pretreatment.

title: @entity2898 is the best non-depolarizing relaxant to prevent XXXX @entity2901 and @entity925 .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity24478 :: ('MESH:C049430', 'Chemical') :: ['mivacurium']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative myalgia']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['Myalgias', 'myalgia']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['muscular fasciculations', 'fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['Succinylcholine', 'succinylcholine']

answer: @entity2900 :: (MESH:D013390,Chemical) :: ['succinylcholine']


abstract: A toxic @entity27647 was isolated from the venom of Bothrops asper. It induced skeletal @entity121 , anticoagulant effects and @entity4 in the foot pad. The toxin had an intravenous LD50 of 95 micrograms/16-18 g @entity19 body wt and an intraventricular LD50 of 0.42 micrograms/16-18 g @entity19 body wt. Upon intramuscular and intravenous injections, the toxin induced a prominent increase in serum @entity908 kinase (CK) levels; only the CK-MM isozyme increased markedly. The toxin induced CK and @entity908 release from skeletal muscle incubated in vitro. The rate of efflux of @entity908 was higher than that of CK, although both markers were partially released as early as 15 min after incubation. The toxin also induced elevation of serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase isozymes. However, histological examination of skeletal muscle, kidneys, heart and lungs revealed cell damage only in skeletal muscle. The toxin was not cytotoxic to erythrocytes, lymphocytes or macrophages. In addition, it did not induce a mitogenic response on lymphocytes. In the absence of albumin in the medium, there was no significant difference between myotoxic activities in @entity141 -free and @entity141 -containing bathing solutions. However, when albumin was added, there was a significantly higher myotoxic effect in the presence of @entity141 . Thus, although phospholipolytic activity of the toxin plays a role in @entity121 when albumin is present, the toxin induces @entity121 even when @entity27647 activity is inhibited.

title: Pharmacological activities of a toxic XXXX isolated from the venom of the snake Bothrops asper.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity27647 :: (27281(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['phospholipase A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity378 ( @entity378 ) continues to cause a high toll of disease and @entity204 among @entity1 worldwide. The diagnosis of childhood @entity378 is challenged by the paucibacillary nature of the disease and the difficulties in obtaining specimens. Whereas scientific and clinical research efforts to develop novel diagnostic tools have focused on @entity378 in adults, childhood @entity378 has been relatively neglected. Blood transcriptional profiling has improved our understanding of disease pathogenesis of adult @entity378 and may offer future leads for diagnosis and treatment. No studies applying gene expression profiling of @entity1 with @entity378 have been published so far. RESULTS: We identified a 116-gene signature set that showed an average prediction error of 11% for @entity378 vs. @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) and for @entity378 vs. @entity9178 vs. healthy controls (HC) in our dataset. A minimal gene set of only 9 genes showed the same prediction error of 11% for @entity378 vs. @entity9178 in our dataset. Furthermore, this minimal set showed a significant discriminatory value for @entity378 vs. @entity9178 for all previously published adult studies using whole blood gene expression, with average prediction errors between 17% and 23%. In order to identify a robust representative gene set that would perform well in populations of different genetic backgrounds, we selected ten genes that were highly discriminative between @entity378 , @entity9178 and HC in all literature datasets as well as in our dataset. Functional annotation of these genes highlights a possible role for genes involved in @entity460 signaling and @entity460 metabolism as biomarkers for active @entity378 . These ten genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in an additional cohort of 54 Warao Amerindian @entity1 with @entity9178 , HC and non- @entity378 @entity55 . Decision tree analysis indicated that five of the ten genes were sufficient to classify 78% of the @entity378 cases correctly with no @entity9178 subjects wrongly classified as @entity378 (100% specificity). CONCLUSIONS: Our data justify the further exploration of our signature set as biomarkers for potential childhood @entity378 diagnosis. We show that, as the identification of different biomarkers in ethnically distinct cohorts is apparent, it is important to cross-validate newly identified markers in all available cohorts.

title: A predictive signature gene set for discriminating active from @entity9178 in Warao Amerindian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LTBI', 'latent TB infection']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Thirty-seven @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 were treated with hepatic arterial infusion of @entity1487 . Before therapy an arterial access device (Port-A-Cath) was implanted. Treatment was given on an outpatient basis with a portable infusion pump. @entity1487 was administered as a continuous infusion at a dose of 1000 mg/sq.m. per day during 5 or 6 days. Cycles were repeated every three weeks. In 12 (37.5%) of the 32 evaluable @entity1 a partial remission was achieved. Median duration of remission was 11 months and median duration of survival was 16 months. Side effects of chemotherapy were usually mild. In 11 @entity1 @entity715 was observed, occurring after a median period of 5 months after implantation of the access device. Further study is required to improve the treatment results in this disease with its unfavourable prognosis.

title: [The treatment of liver metastases of XXXX using intra-arterial @entity1487 via hepatic artery, administered with a completely implantable access system and a portable infusion pump].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis of the hepatic artery']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors']


abstract: Two independent nationwide surveys of randomly selected @entity742 farmers were conducted: in one a questionnaire was mailed to farmers and in the other the farmers were interviewed. The questionnaire was designed to obtain data on the occurrence of @entity11506 in the national @entity742 flock of the Netherlands. Farmers owning 30 or more ewes were selected from a database at the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries, resulting in 10,000 addresses. Two lists of names were compiled at random. In the postal survey 700 questionnaires were distributed, and 137 farmers were interviewed directly. The response rate in the postal survey was 37 per cent and in the interview survey 100 per cent. The results from the two surveys did not differ significantly. Six per cent of the farmers indicated that they had at some time observed signs of @entity11506 in their flock. For the total @entity742 population in the Netherlands, the prevalence of flocks with @entity742 showing signs of @entity11506 was between 3.8 per cent and 8.4 per cent (with 95 per cent certainty). In 1989 and 1990 the incidence rate within infected flocks was 1.27 cases/100 ewes/year, and the incidence rate for the total sample population was 0.1 case/100 ewes/year.

title: Prevalence and incidence of XXXX in The Netherlands: a questionnaire survey.

answer: @entity11506 :: (MESH:D012608,Disease) :: ['scrapie']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse the prevalence of blunt @entity130 (BCVIs) in multi- @entity130 @entity1 by means of a post-contrast acquisition of neck vessels included into the whole-body multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) protocol performed at admission and to correlate it with the presence of risk factors (Memphis approach). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken for the period January 2005 to November 2011, involving 976 multi- @entity130 @entity1 . Post-contrast images of neck vessels in MDCT scan were evaluated by two experienced radiologists; carotid, vertebral and basilar arteries were rated according to the Biffl classification. The presence of clinical and/or CT risk factors for BCVI was assessed. RESULTS: BCVI were present in 32/976 (3.3  %) multi- @entity130 @entity1 . Risk factors for BCVI were present in 247/976 (25.3  %) @entity1 . The group of @entity1 presenting risk factors showed a significantly higher prevalence of @entity130 (8.1  %) compared with the group of @entity1 without risk factors (1.6  %) (p   =   0.009); however, 12/32 (37.5  %) @entity1 presenting BCVI did not show any of the risk factors proposed by the Memphis group. CONCLUSION: An investigation for the presence of BCVI should be performed on all multi- @entity130 @entity1 despite the absence of clinical-radiological risk factors. KEY POINTS:     BCVIs are present in 3.3  % of multi- @entity130 @entity1 .     BCVIs are significantly associated to the Memphis risk factors.     Of the multi- @entity130 @entity1 affected by BCVIs, 37.5  % do not show clinical-radiological risk factors.     A screening for BCVI should be performed on all multi- @entity130 @entity1 .

title: Blunt @entity130 : diagnosis at whole-body MDCT for multi- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The regulation of angiotensinogen gene expression by glucocorticoids has been described in several studies. Kalinyak and Perlman reported on a 60% increase of angiotensinogen expression in the @entity35 brain after @entity619 treatment with a single, high-dose injection. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether a general upregulation of angiotensinogen expression or a region-specific upregulation underlies these findings. By using in situ hybridization and computer-assisted microdensitometry we evaluated the regional changes in angiotensinogen expression following @entity619 treatment. Angiotensinogen expression was strongly stimulated in several areas (medial septum and locus ceruleus), while only moderately in others ( @entity2339 , medulla). An interesting finding is the difference in glucocorticoid receptor regulation among the circumventricular organs. The subfornical organ displayed no changes in angiotensinogen-mRNA, whereas the area postrema showed an increase. Furthermore, the angiotensinogen expression in the median eminence decreased substantially. The nature of these effects will form the subject of further investigations. In conclusion we demonstrated an overall increase but certain heterogeneities in angiotensinogen expression after @entity619 treatment, a pattern which suggests different degrees of glucocorticoid receptor regulation of the angiotensinogen gene in certain areas of the brain, probably mainly dependent on the degree of glial glucocorticoid receptor presence.

title: Glucocorticoid regulation of angiotensinogen gene expression in discrete areas of the male XXXX brain. An in situ hybridization study.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In a study performed with The NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ) among Nordic gynecological @entity1 , the prevalence of lifetime @entity734 ( @entity734 ) was 13 - 28%. In the present study we chose a qualitative approach. Our aim was to develop a more in-depth understanding of @entity734 ; as experienced by female Swedish @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Qualitative interviews with 10 Swedish gynecological @entity1 who had experienced @entity734 . The interviews were analyzed through Grounded Theory. RESULTS: Saturation was reached after six interviews. In the analyses four categories emerged which explain what @entity734 meant to the participating @entity1 : felt powerless, felt ignored, experienced carelessness, and experienced @entity3257 . To be nullified is the core category that theoretically binds the four categories together. The @entity1 's narratives described intensive current suffering even though the abusive event had taken place several years ago. CONCLUSIONS: The fact that @entity734 exists is a critical dilemma for an institution that has the society's commission to cure and/or to alleviate @entity158 and suffering. In their narratives, @entity1 described the experience of 'being nullified', a core category that embodies @entity734 .

title: Nullified: XXXX 's perceptions of being abused in health care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-empathy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AHC', 'abuse in health care']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A 59-year-old female was admitted with complaints of vertigo, @entity4653 and @entity1282 . On neurological examination, right-sided cranial nerve signs included @entity1736 , @entity346 , @entity1109 , diminished facial @entity158 and temperature sensation, decreased palatal excursion and loss of gag reflex. There was no evident motor weakness, but deep tendon reflexes were slightly exaggerated on the left extremities. Coordination testing showed @entity76 . Sensory examination of the remaining parts of the body was quite normal. X-ray CT scan showed multiple high density areas in the right medulla, right pons, right @entity1315 . T2 weighted MRI demonstrated these lesions as mixed signal intensity areas with marked low signal intensity rim. There were multiple black dots in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes, cerebellar hemispheres on T2-weighted images. Carotid and vertebral angiograms showed no abnormality. This is the first report of the cavernous @entity600 presenting as @entity5487 .

title: [Lateral medullary syndrome due to cavernous XXXX in the brain stem].

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['decreased corneal sensation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal and frontal lobes']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['right cerebellar signs']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['lateral medullary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ["Bruns's nystagmus"]

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformation']


abstract: To determine the potential developmental @entity137 of @entity8156 (HQ), pregnant @entity35 (COBS-CD-BR) were given 0, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg HQ by gavage on the 6th through the 15th days of gestation. Maternal effects included a slight, but significant (p less than or equal to 0.05), @entity1017 and feed consumption for the 300 mg/kg HQ dams. Reproductive indices, i.e., pregnancy rate, numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites, viable fetuses, and early and late resorptions, fetal sex ratio, pre- and postimplantation losses, and gravid uterine weights, were not affected by treatment with HQ. A slightly reduced (p less than or equal to 0.05) mean fetal body weight seen at the 300 mg/kg dose level was associated with the slightly reduced body @entity1017 seen for the dams at this dose level. Gross external, internal soft tissue, and skeletal examinations of the fetuses revealed no HQ-related @entity600 . The incidences of gross external variations (small @entity1410 ) and internal soft tissue variations (dilated renal pelvis, @entity3041 , and hydroureter) in the HQ-treated litters were not statistically different from the control incidences. Skeletal variations (delayed ossification of membranous skull bones, hyoid bone, thoracic centra 1-3, sacral arches 3 and 4, and bilobed thoracic centra 9-13) were seen with similar frequency in the control and HQ-treated groups. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of total common vertebral variations seen at the 300 mg/kg HQ dose level was not considered toxicologically significant. The incidences of @entity853 were not statistically different between the control and the HQ-treated groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity8156 : a developmental @entity137 study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['total skeletal variations']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in body weight gain', 'weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb is the second most common site afflicted by @entity571 . Non surgical measures forms the first line of treatment with aim of preventing progression of disease, however, surgery becomes an option when symptoms are refractory to nonsurgical methods. Different procedures have been described in literature. Ligament reconstruction with tendon interposition (LRTI) is the most commonly performed procedure in North America for this problem. The Aim of study was to evaluate early results of ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition for CMC joint @entity625 . This is a case series of ten @entity1 operated in a tertiary care hospital from December 2006 to December 2008. All cases were operated by a single surgeon. All of the @entity1 were followed up using Quick DASH questionnaire filled preoperatively and 3 and 6 months postoperatively. All of our @entity1 were female. Mean duration of follow up was 34 weeks. @entity158 and residual laxity recorded at each clinical follow up visit after removal of thumb spica and Kirschner wire. Mean value for Quick DASH score is 31 in a 0-100 scale with 0 being no disability. Ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition resection arthroplasy is an effective method of controlling symptoms with preservation of motion at CMC joint @entity2270 .

title: Short term results of ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition resection arthroplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['basal joint arthritis']


abstract: @entity1 @entity2772 ) is a multipotential cytokine that supports the growth of early hematopoietic progenitors and promotes their response to other, later-acting cytokines. We found that @entity2772 was able to induce the expression of @entity1199 ( @entity3647 ( @entity2902 ) ( @entity2902 ) on a subset of early myeloid cells in normal @entity1 bone marrow that had been first depleted of mature hematopoietic cells and E-rosette-positive T cells by treatment with @entity1460 lectin and @entity742 erythrocytes (SBA-E-BM). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the @entity2902 + cells were contained almost entirely within the lymphoblastoid gate of the @entity2772 -cultured marrow. @entity2902 was undetectable on freshly isolated marrow and less than 10% @entity2902 + cells could be detected following liquid culture at 37 degrees C in the presence of 10% human serum, 10% fetal calf serum, or under serum-free conditions. Addition of @entity2772 (100 U/ml) significantly increased the expression of @entity2902 to 37%, 31%, and 24%, respectively. @entity2902 could also be induced by @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ), but no @entity2902 was detectable following exposure to @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ), @entity1192 ), @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ), or @entity1199 . Expression of @entity2902 was dependent on the dose of @entity2772 or @entity2841 added and was maximal within 24 h of exposure. Two-color immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that @entity2902 was not expressed by cells of lymphoid lineage or by mature monocytes, but rather was present on cells that coexpressed @entity10793 , @entity1116 , @entity2280 , MY8, and HLA-DR, and that lacked @entity5750 or @entity9536 , thus placing the @entity2902 + cells at or near the myeloblast stage of differentiation. An identical phenotype was found for @entity2902 + cells induced by @entity2841 . @entity1880 completely inhibited the @entity2772 -induced expression of @entity2902 , indicating the necessity for protein synthesis, and although most of the @entity2902 + cells were in G0/G1 phase, 25% of the cells were in S or G2M phase, indicating that receptor expression was not cell-cycle dependent. The @entity3647 chain of @entity2902 was not detected on the @entity2902 + cells. @entity2772 was also found to directly induce @entity2902 in greater than 46% of SBA-E-BM enriched for @entity2280 + cells by panning. Consistent with the expression of only @entity2902 @entity2902 , the functional activity of @entity1199 on enriched @entity2280 + cells exposed to @entity2772 could not be demonstrated in either granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) assays or proliferation assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Recombinant @entity2772 induces XXXX receptor expression on early myeloid cells in normal @entity1 bone marrow.

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['M-CSF', 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity2741 has rarely been reported in @entity1 with @entity1378 . Although the pathogenesis is not clear; it is believed to be due to activation of osteoclasts resulting in excessive bone resorption. OBJECTIVE: To recognize the unusual cause of @entity2741 from @entity1374 , which could manifest with transient @entity1378 in the early stage. CASE REPORT: A 70-year-old @entity1 presented with watery @entity294 , @entity390 and @entity391 and significant @entity353 for two months. Initially, she was misdiagnosed as having Graves'disease from her clinical presentation and thyroid function tests. Oral @entity5652 was given to treat @entity1378 . However two weeks after discharge, she developed @entity1662 due to severe @entity2741 . After combined treatment of @entity2741 and severe @entity1378 , her symptoms resolved quickly. Later on, her thyroid function tests switched to subclinical @entity1375 at two months after initial presentation. No concurrent pathological conditions could be found to explain the other causes of @entity2741 . Therefore, @entity1374 complicated with severe @entity2741 was subsequently diagnosed based on her clinical course. CONCLUSION: Hypercalcemic @entity75 is an uncommon @entity10631 of @entity1378 that should be kept in mind in @entity1 who demonstrated clinical pictures of @entity1378 and alteration of consciousness. Moreover the present case emphasizes the consideration of @entity1374 as a differential diagnosis of @entity1378 because anti-thyroid medications were not indicated in this condition.

title: XXXX complicating with hypercalcemic @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity10631 :: ('MESH:D020879', 'Disease') :: ['manifestation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['altered consciousness']

entities_list: @entity5652 :: ('MESH:D011441', 'Chemical') :: ['propylthiouracil']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['painless thyroiditis']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['Painless thyroiditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish a @entity1 fetal cardiomyocyte culture and to investigate whether the genes that encode transporters that may influence influx or efflux of @entity3645 are expressed in @entity1 fetal cardiomyocytes. DESIGN: Laboratory study. SETTING: Imperial College London. SAMPLE: Six fetal hearts were obtained at the time of termination of pregnancy at 12-13 weeks of gestation and used to generate primary @entity1 cardiomyocyte cultures. METHODS: To confirm the presence of cardiomyocytes, the cells were incubated with monoclonal antibodies to sarcomeric alpha-actinin and anticardiac myosin heavy chain. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to establish whether transcripts of genes that may influence @entity6741 transport are present in the culture ( @entity25876 , @entity9746 , @entity3970 , @entity9745 , @entity7737 , @entity22149 , @entity3379 , @entity6906 , @entity3381 , @entity16061 ) and whether @entity7362 administration alters messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative mRNA expression of genes of interest. RESULTS: Real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the presence of mRNA for @entity9746 , @entity3970 , @entity9745 , @entity6906 , @entity3381 and @entity16061 in fetal heart. Four transcripts remained in the cardiomyocyte culture ( @entity9746 , @entity3970 , @entity9745 and @entity3381 ), and we demonstrated the influence of @entity7362 on gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed an in vitro model of the fetal heart that may be used for studies of the cardiac effect of endobiotics, e.g. @entity3645 , or of specific agents that may be used to treat the mother or fetus in pregnancy.

title: Genes encoding XXXX , phospholipid and anion transporters are expressed in a @entity1 fetal cardiomyocyte culture.

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile acid']


abstract: @entity1246 is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the @entity1 superior colliculus. As in the lateral geniculate nucleus, @entity1246 immunoreactive neurons in SC are almost all small and are distributed throughout the structure in all @entity1 species studied to date. Unlike the LGN, @entity1246 -labeled neurons in SC have a variety of morphologies. These cells have been best characterized in cat, where horizontal and two granule cell morphologies have been identified. Horizontal cells give rise to one class of presynaptic dendrite while granule C cells give rise to another class of spine-like presynaptic dendrite. Granule A cells may be the origin of some GABAergic axon terminals. @entity1246 containing synaptic profiles form serial synapses, providing a possible substrate for disinhibition. The distribution of GABAA and GABAB receptor subtypes appears similar to that of @entity1246 neurons, with the densest distribution found within the superficial gray layer. However, antibody immunocytochemistry of the @entity2263 subunits of the GABAA receptor reveals that it is located at both synaptic and non-synaptic sites, and may be associated with membrane adjacent to terminals with either flattened or round vesicles. A few @entity1246 containing neurons in SC colocalize the pentapeptide @entity29591 or the @entity460 binding protein calbindin. However, none appear to co-localize @entity15537 , a situation different from @entity1246 containing interneurons in the @entity227 . The diversity of @entity1246 neurons in SC rivals that found in visual cortex, although unlike visual cortex, the pattern of co-occurrence does not distinguish @entity1246 cell types in SC. The superior colliculus also differs from both @entity227 in that @entity1246 and calbindin immunoreactivity is not altered by either long-term occlusion and/or short-term enucleation in adult @entity2608 . No consistent differences have been found in the optical density of @entity1246 labeling in either cells or neuropil. To conclude, @entity1246 neurons in the superior colliculus share some properties like those in LGN and others like those in visual cortex. In other properties, they differ from @entity1246 neurons in both the @entity227 . The @entity1246 systems in the superior colliculus are similar in all @entity1 species studied, suggesting that they are phylogenetically conserved systems which are not amenable to plastic alterations, a situation different to that in the geniculostriate system.

title: The organization of GABAergic neurons in the XXXX superior colliculus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['LGN and visual cortex']

entities_list: @entity29591 :: ('MESH:D004743', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine enkephalin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined whether hemostatic markers contribute to risk of @entity301 and @entity385 independently of conventional risk factors. This study examines 11 hemostatic markers that reflect different aspects of the coagulation process to determine which have prognostic value after accounting for conventional risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 2398 @entity1 aged 49 to 65 years were examined in 1984 to 1988, and the majority gave a fasting blood sample for assay of lipids and hemostatic markers. @entity1 were followed up for a median of 13 years, and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) events were recorded. There were 486 @entity65 events in total, 353 with prospective @entity301 and 133 with prospective @entity385 . On univariable analysis, @entity2002 , low activated protein C ratio, D-dimer, @entity1456 (tPA), and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) were associated significantly with risk of @entity65 . On multivariable analyses with conventional risk factors forced into the proportional hazards model, @entity2002 , D-dimer, and @entity2289 were significantly associated with risk of @entity65 , whereas factor VIIc showed an inverse association (P=0.001). In a model that contained the conventional risk factors, the hazard ratio for subsequent @entity65 in the top third of the distribution of predicted risk relative to the bottom third was 2.7 for subjects without preexisting @entity65 . This ratio increased to 3.7 for the model that also contained the 4 hemostatic factors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2002 , D-dimer, @entity2289 activity, and factor VIIc each has potential to increase the prediction of @entity301 / @entity385 in middle-aged @entity1 , in addition to conventional risk factors.

title: Which hemostatic markers add to the predictive value of conventional risk factors for @entity301 and XXXX ? The Caerphilly Study.

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']