abstract: BACKGROUND: The capacity of the recombinant @entity6621 @entity15821 -1h68 as a single agent to efficiently treat different @entity1 or @entity235 @entity5 has been shown in several preclinical studies. Currently, its @entity1 safety and efficacy are investigated in phase I/II clinical trials. In this study we set out to evaluate the oncolytic activity of @entity15821 -1h68 in the @entity1 @entity2220 cell line PC14PE6-RFP in cell cultures and analyzed the antitumor potency of a combined treatment strategy consisting of @entity15821 -1h68 and @entity786 ( @entity15082 ) in a @entity19 model of PC14PE6-RFP @entity2220 . METHODS: PC14PE6-RFP cells were treated in cell culture with @entity15821 -1h68. Viral replication and cell survival were determined by plaque assays and @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assays, respectively. Subcutaneously implanted PC14PE6-RFP xenografts were treated by systemic injection of @entity15821 -1h68, @entity15082 or a combination of both. @entity5 growth and viral biodistribution were monitored and immune-related antigen profiling of @entity5 lysates was performed. RESULTS: @entity15821 -1h68 efficiently infected, replicated in and lysed @entity1 PC14PE6-RFP cells in cell cultures. PC14PE6-RFP @entity5 were efficiently colonized by @entity15821 -1h68 leading to much delayed @entity5 growth in PC14PE6-RFP @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . Combination treatment with @entity15821 -1h68 and @entity15082 significantly improved the antitumor efficacy of @entity15821 -1h68 and led to an increased viral distribution within the @entity5 . Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were distinctly elevated in @entity5 of @entity15821 -1h68-treated @entity19 . Factors expressed by endothelial cells or present in the blood were decreased after combination treatment. A complete loss in the @entity548 phenotype of the PC14PE6-RFP @entity5 and a decrease in the number of blood vessels after combination treatment could be observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity15082 and @entity15821 -1h68 have synergistic antitumor effects on PC14PE6-RFP xenografts. We strongly suppose that in the PC14PE6-RFP model the enhanced @entity5 growth inhibition achieved by combining @entity15821 -1h68 with @entity15082 is due to an effect on the vasculature rather than an immunosuppressive action of @entity15082 . These results provide evidence to support further preclinical studies of combining @entity15821 -1h68 and @entity15082 in other highly angiogenic @entity5 models. Moreover, data presented here demonstrate that @entity15082 can be combined successfully with @entity15821 -1h68 based oncolytic virus therapy and therefore might be promising as combination therapy in @entity1 clinical trials.

title: Combination treatment with oncolytic XXXX and @entity786 results in synergistic antitumor effects in @entity1 @entity2220 bearing @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['Vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity6621 :: (10245,Species) :: ['Vaccinia virus']


abstract: Three hundred and ninety-four @entity1 with transitional cell @entity150 who initially visited Yokohama City University Hospital were reviewed according to age group. The @entity1 were divided into four groups, group A (less than 49 years old), group B (from 50 to 64 years old), group C (from 65 to 79 years old) and group D (more than 80 years old). The clinical characteristics as follows were obtained by statistical analysis compared with these four groups. No statistical significance was obtained about frequency of macroscopic @entity811 as chief complaint. However, the younger age groups (A and B) tended to visit hospital later after the first symptom of @entity811 . The older age groups (C and D) had multiple and large @entity5 at the first cystoscopic examination. The older age groups (C and D) had high stage and high grade @entity5 at the first roentgenological examination and transurethral biopsy or resection. The 5-year recurrence free rate after transurethral resection of @entity150 (TUR-BT) of the older age group (D group) was lower than that of the other groups. The 5-year survival rate of older age group was lower than that of the younger age group. However, no statistical significance between the age groups existed concerning high grade or high stage @entity5 and survival after total cystectomy. We clarified here that the clinical features of elderly @entity1 who have @entity150 were significantly different from those of younger @entity1 . Otherwise the prognosis of @entity1 who have high grade and/or high stage @entity150 were demonstrated to be poor regardless of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical observations on XXXX --difference in clinical features with age].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Antigenic stimulation of @entity35 @entity32651 cells (RBL-3H3) elevates intracellular free @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) and induces production of @entity4352 C4 (LTC4). This model was used to examine the role of @entity141 in LTC4 formation, and inhibition by @entity701 (HC). HC, at a physiological concentration (2 x 10(-7) M), selectively prevented the stimulatory effect of the antigen on LTC4 production whereas the response to @entity460 ionophore ( @entity3365 ) remained unimpaired. The inhibition by HC was time-dependent: half maximal response was reached at 2 hour and maximal response at 3 hours. Addition of @entity1426 (3 micrograms/ml) did not overcome the inhibitory action of HC. An elevated [ @entity141 ]i is known to be essential for the activation of both @entity12032 and phospholipase A2. The stimulatory effect of the antigen on LTC4 production was abolished when the cells were incubated in @entity141 -deficient medium. Likewise, @entity460 ionophore stimulation shows dependence on extracellular @entity141 . Half maximal stimulation by the antigen and @entity460 ionophore was observed at external @entity141 concentration of 150 microM and 40 microM respectively. Treatment with HC largely prevented the antigen-induced rise in [ @entity141 ]i, measured by @entity6028 . In addition, HC reduced by 70% the accumulation of 45Ca2+ induced by the antigen. Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time that HC reduces antigen-induced elevation of [ @entity141 ]i, and this may be associated with the inhibitory action of HC on LTC4 formation. This property could be partly responsible for the antiallergic and antiinflammatory activities of HC.

title: @entity701 inhibits antigen-induced rise in intracellular free XXXX concentration and abolishes leukotriene C4 production in leukemic basophils.

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity32651 :: ('MESH:D015471', 'Disease') :: ['basophilic leukemia']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Temporary loop ileostomy is increasingly used in colorectal surgery but necessitates secondary closure. We evaluated @entity260 , particularly @entity390 and @entity391 , in @entity1 with early, intermediate, or late elective ileostomy closure. METHODS: We included all @entity1 undergoing ileostomy closure from 2001 to 2008. Time from ileostomy construction to closure was classified as early (EC, <12 weeks), intermediate ( @entity2337 , 12-18 weeks), and late (LC, >18 weeks). Using multivariable logistic regression, we compared the frequency of @entity260 between the groups. RESULTS: We included 134 @entity1 (87 males; median age 71 years, range 29-91). @entity188 (n = 67, 50%) was the main reason for ileostomy construction. The median time to ileostomy closure was 103 days (range 8-461). Among @entity1 with EC, @entity2337 , and LC, postoperative @entity390 occurred in 50.0, 73.1, and 78.6%, respectively (p = 0.006), and @entity1209 in 22.5, 57.7, and 59.5%, respectively (p = 0.001). Adjusting for important covariates, the odds ratio for postoperative @entity390 was 2.0 (95% CI 0.76-5.1) for @entity2337 and 4.1 (95% CI 1.2-14.3) for LC compared to EC (p = 0.069). For @entity1209 , adjusted odds ratios were 3.8 (95% CI 1.4-10.4) for @entity2337 and 4.6 (95% CI 1.4-15.5) for LC (p = 0.012). Other complications did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that early ileostomy closure might reduce @entity1209 .

title: Early closure of ileostomy is associated with less XXXX .

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'postoperative vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity1 with @entity2419 are usually difficult to intubate and it is considered safer to keep them spontaneously breathing while securing the airway. This prospective comparative study was conducted to evaluate endotracheal intubating conditions in pediatric @entity1 undergoing cleft surgeries, without the use of muscle relaxants following induction with @entity1875 and @entity2614 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty @entity1 aged 1month to 3 years, were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Anesthesia was induced with @entity2614 8% in @entity26 in group 1 and with @entity1875 3 mg/kg in group 2. Laryngoscopy and intubation were attempted 150 s after induction in both groups and ease of laryngoscopy, position of vocal cords, degree of coughing, jaw relaxation, and limb movements were assessed and scored. Total score of 5 was considered excellent, 6-10 good, 11-15 poor, and 16-20 bad. Total score  <= 10 was considered clinically acceptable, and >10 as clinically unacceptable. Chi-square and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze data. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups when ease of laryngoscopy was compared. @entity2614 induced @entity1 had significantly better position of vocal cords at intubation and the @entity1875 group had significantly more episodes of coughing. Significantly less number of @entity1 had limb movements in @entity2614 group. There was no significant difference in degree of jaw relaxation between groups. The @entity2614 group had significantly better total scores and clinically acceptable intubating conditions. CONCLUSION: @entity2614 8% in @entity26 provides clinically acceptable intubating conditions without use of muscle relaxants in pediatric cleft @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of endotracheal intubating conditions without the use of muscle relaxants following induction with @entity1875 and XXXX in pediatric cleft lip and @entity2419 surgeries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['facial clefts']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To confirm the utility of a newly-devised endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) echogenicity classification system, which is based on the normal five-layer structure of the gastrointestinal wall, for the differential diagnosis of @entity1820 . METHODS: A total of 275 @entity1 with @entity344 detected by endoscopy, 53 with @entity5 (22 esophageal, 27 gastric, and 4 duodenal), 208 with @entity5 (58 esophageal, 150 gastric), and 14 with gastric @entity706 , were examined. In each case, we performed standard EUS with 7.5, 12, or 20 MHz to evaluate the echogenicity of the lesion. Echogenicity was classified into seven levels that is based on the echogenicity of the normal five-layer structure of the gastrointestinal wall. The levels are stratified from anechoic (level 0) to hyperechoic (level 6), muscularis propria and deep mucosa being referred to as level 2 and level 4, respectively. Level 6 was equivalent to or higher than the echogenicity of submucosa. RESULTS: EUS findings revealed several distinct echogenicities among the diseases. In @entity5 , levels 0, 2, and 6 were observed only in @entity1 with @entity5 , and @entity362 , respectively. In @entity5 , levels 0, 5, and 6 were not observed in this study. The echo level of @entity706 was markedly lower than that of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Our classification system of echogenicity can be a useful method in the differential diagnosis of @entity1820 .

title: A classification system of echogenicity for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal tumor', 'cancer', 'epithelial cancer', 'malignancies', 'cyst, myogenic tumor']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal neoplasms']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal neoplasms']


abstract: This study examined the effect of @entity3215 ( @entity3215 ) from Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) @entity7136 on the hepatic cytochrome P-450 activity in mink (Mustela vison). Hepatic cytochrome P-450 activities are of interest for their possible use as biomarkers to indicate consumption and biological effects of @entity3215 in the environment. Adult mink were fed diets containing ocean fish (control diet, 0.0 ppm) or Saginaw Bay @entity7136 toprovide 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm @entity3215 . Mink were bred after 3 mo of exposure, and half of the parental mink (P1) and kits (F1-1) previously consuming diets containing Saginaw Bay @entity7136 were switched to control diet at weaning of the F1-1 kits. P1 and F1-1 mink were then bred within their age and dietary groups after 15 mo of exposure, to produce the second-year F1 (F1-2) and F2 kits. Mink were killed when the new kits were weaned. Transfer of half the animals to the control diet examined whether the effects of the @entity5241 -containing diet on hepatic cytochrome P-450 activity were permanent. Continual exposure to diets containing @entity3215 from Saginaw Bay @entity7136 induced cytochrome P-450 activity in a generally dose-dependent manner. Cytochrome P-450 activity was not different from untreated controls in animals switched to the control diet from the @entity5241 -containing diet. The response of cytochrome P-4501A1 (EROD) activity in a dose-dependent manner and the lack of induction after transfer to noncontaminated diets suggest that this hepatic enzyme activity is a potential biomarker for current exposure to @entity3215 and other similar cytochrome P-450 inducers.

title: Multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of @entity5241 -contaminated XXXX from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, on mink. 2. Liver @entity5241 concentration and induction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 activity as a potential biomarker for @entity5241 exposure.

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['carp']


abstract: @entity320 is an aggressive and chemoresistant form of @entity1489 characterized by rapid @entity3 and poor @entity1 prognosis. The development of innovative therapies with improved efficacy is critical to treatment of this disease. Here, we show that aberrant expression of two proteins, @entity876 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis ( @entity6396 ) and phosphorylated @entity584 (p- @entity584 ), is associated with poor @entity1 survival. Using tissue microarray analysis, we found that @entity1 exhibiting both weak @entity6396 expression and strong p- @entity584 expression in their @entity320 tissue had significantly worse 5-year survival than @entity1 with either weak @entity6396 or strong p- @entity584 expression alone (P < 0.001). Strikingly, no @entity1 exhibiting strong @entity6396 expression and weak p- @entity584 expression in @entity5 tissue died within 5 years of diagnosis. We propose a two-pronged therapeutic strategy of (a) boosting @entity6396 expression and (b) inhibiting @entity584 phosphorylation in @entity320 tissue. Here, we report that a recombinant adenovirus containing @entity1 @entity6396 cDNA (ad- @entity6396 ) efficiently inhibits @entity1 @entity320 cell survival in vitro, rapidly induces apoptosis, and dramatically suppresses @entity1 @entity320 growth in a severe combined immunodeficient @entity19 xenograft model. In @entity320 cells strongly expressing p- @entity584 , we show that @entity584 /protein kinase B signaling inhibitor-2 ( @entity37365 ; a small-molecule @entity584 inhibitor) reduces cell survival in a dose- and time-dependent manner and enhances ad- @entity6396 -mediated growth inhibition of @entity320 cells. Finally, we show that, by combining ad- @entity6396 and @entity37365 treatments, @entity1 @entity320 growth can be inhibited by >80% in vivo compared with controls. Our results suggest that a strategy to correct dysregulated @entity6396 and p- @entity584 expression in @entity320 may be an effective therapeutic option.

title: Role of @entity876 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis and phosphorylated @entity584 in XXXX cell growth, apoptosis, and @entity1 survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Malignant melanoma', 'malignant melanoma', 'melanoma tumor']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Isolated cases of transient pupillary changes after local intracisternal papaverine administration during @entity439 surgery have been reported. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with this phenomenon. We assessed a total of 103 consecutive @entity1 who underwent craniotomy for @entity438 clipping for the presence of postoperative @entity384 ( @entity5564 ) after intracisternal papaverine administration. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to evaluate the association of @entity5564 with @entity1 age, sex, duration of surgery, and @entity439 location. We observed either ipsilateral or bilateral @entity384 in the immediate postoperative period in nine out of 103 @entity1 (8.7%). This phenomenon was not associated with @entity1 age or sex. There was a trend towards positive correlation with @entity439 located at the anterior communicating artery (odds ratio 3.76, p=0.10), and a negative correlation with the duration of surgery (odds ratio 0.57, p=0.08). All @entity384 resolved within several hours, and the onset and resolution were consistent with the half-life of papaverine. To our knowledge, this represents the largest study of posteropative pupillary changes due to papaverine. The current findings are consistent with the small number of prior case reports of transient pupillary changes after papaverine administration and appear to reflect the local anesthetic action of papaverine on the oculomotor nerve.

title: Transient XXXX following local papaverine application in intracranial @entity439 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary dilation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['pupillary dilation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultrasound (US) examination of heart and carotid arteries provides an accurate assessment of @entity16 ( @entity16 ) and may influence the stratification of the absolute cardiovascular risk profile. Microalbuminuria has recently proved to be a useful cost-effective marker of increased cardiovascular risk but is still too often neglected in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how well artificial neural networks (ANNs) predict cardiovascular risk stratification by means of routine data and urinary albumin excretion, as compared to prediction by the clinical work-up suggested by the International Society of @entity101 (ISH), with and without ultrasound-determined @entity16 . METHODS: A group of 346 never previously treated essential @entity101 (212 @entity1 , 134 @entity1 , mean age 47 +/- 9 years) was studied. Risk was stratified according to the criteria suggested by the 1999 WHO/ISH guidelines; first, by routine procedures alone, and subsequently by reassessment, using data on cardiac and vascular structures obtained by US evaluation. The ANN was trained and tested to predict the overall cardiovascular risk on the basis of routine clinical data and urinary albumin excretion (UAE). The impact of these three approaches on the determination of cardiovascular risk profile was evaluated. RESULTS: According to the first classification, 5.5% (n = 19) of @entity1 were considered at low risk, 47.3% (n = 164) at medium, 26.7% (n = 92) at high and 20.6% (n = 71) at very high risk. A marked change in risk stratification, namely an increase in the prevalence of high- and very-high-risk @entity1 (2.3% low, 29.8% medium, 42.8% high and 25.2% very high risk; chi(2) 15.201, P < 0.0001), was obtained when US examination of @entity16 was taken into consideration. On the basis of routine clinical data and UAE, the artificial neural network successfully predicted overall cardiovascular risk and allocated @entity1 in different classes as accurately as the US-based evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The use of US techniques allows a more precise stratification of absolute cardiovascular risk in @entity101 @entity1 as compared to routine clinical data. An ANN can accurately identify the @entity1 ' risk status by using low-cost routine data and UAE. These results further emphasize the value of UAE in the stratification of cardiovascular risk.

title: Microalbuminuria identifies overall cardiovascular risk in essential XXXX : an artificial neural network-based approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['target organ damage', 'TOD']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3529 Background: @entity1211 has been reported as a potential risk of anti-angiogenic and anti- @entity7 therapy. To clarify the true risk, studies of bevacizumab [Avastin (BV)] included special case report forms and "real-time" assessment of the incidence and characteristics of @entity1031 . An analysis was performed from two completed randomized, controlled, double-blind trials. METHODS: Study AVF2107g was a large, randomized, controlled, double-blinded Phase III trial testing the efficacy and safety of adding BV to bolus-IFL as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic @entity14 . The addition of BV to IFL chemotherapy resulted in a prolongation of median survival from 15.6 mos to 20.3 mos (p=0.00004). Study AVF2192g was a randomized, controlled, double-blinded Phase II trial testing the efficacy and safety of adding BV to FU/LV as first-line chemotherapy in CRC for subjects who were not optimal candidates for first-line @entity6615 . The addition of BV to FU/LV chemotherapy resulted in prolongation of median progression-free survival from 5.5 to 9.2 months (p=0.0002). RESULTS: The incidences and types of thrombembolic events in the two trials is shown below: [Figure: see text] Conclusions: The addition of BV to either standard first-line chemotherapy was not associated with an @entity1211 in either study AVF2107g or study AVF2192g. There may be a small increase in arterial @entity1031 events. These data emphasize the high background rate of @entity1031 associated with mCRC and standard chemotherapy. [Table: see text].

title: Bevacizumab (a monoclonal antibody to XXXX ) does not increase the incidence of @entity1211 when added to first-line chemotherapy to treat metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'increase in venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biofilm-induced @entity690 , such as @entity2521 and @entity737 , have complex etiology and pathogenesis. A significant obstacle to research has been the lack of appropriate animal models where the inflammatory response to biofilms can be investigated. The aim of this study is to develop a novel animal model to study the host response to @entity3841 (previously @entity3841 )-biofilm colonizing @entity702 implants. METHODS: @entity702 implants were inoculated in vitro with A. actinomycetemcomitans, establishing a biofilm for 1 to 3 days. Biofilm-inoculated and control implants were transmucosally placed into @entity35 hard palate or @entity133 . Analysis included documentation of clinical @entity32 , polymerase chain reaction, and culture detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans and microcomputed tomography quantitation of peri-implant bone volume. RESULTS: Viable A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm was successfully established on @entity702 implants in vitro, detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. An inflammatory response characterized by clinical @entity32 , @entity548 , @entity1066 , @entity1373 , and @entity39 was observed around biofilm-inoculated implants. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected by polymerase chain reaction and culture analysis on 100% of biofilm-inoculated implants for up to 3 weeks and 25% for up to 6 weeks. Microcomputed tomography analysis demonstrated significantly lower bone volume (P <0.05) around biofilm-inoculated implants (29.6%    7.6%) compared to non-inoculated implants (50.5%    9.6%) after 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: These results describe a novel animal model where A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm was established in vitro on @entity702 implants before placement in @entity35 oral cavity, leading to an inflammatory response, @entity3061 , and tissue destruction. This model may have potential use for investigation of host responses to biofilm pathogens and antibiofilm therapy.

title: Development of an animal model for @entity3841 biofilm-mediated XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar ridge']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implantitis']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans', 'Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium', 'Titanium']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory osteolytic oral infections']

answer: @entity690 :: (MESH:D030981,Disease) :: ['oral osteolytic infection']


abstract: The major goal in regenerative medicine is to repair and restore injured, diseased or aged tissue function, thereby promoting general health. As such, the field of regenerative medicine has great translational potential in undertaking many of the health concerns and needs that we currently face. In particular, @entity1583 supply @entity26 and nutrients and thus play critical roles in tissue development and tissue regeneration. Additionally, tissue vasculature serves as a tissue stem cell niche and thus contributes to tissue homeostasis. Notably, @entity1583 are sensitive to injury and subject to regeneration. As such, successful hematopoietic and vascular regeneration is prerequisite for efficient tissue repair and organismal survival and health. Recent studies have established that the interplay among the ETS transcription factor @entity35949 , @entity7 , and its receptor @entity319 / @entity319 is essential for hematopoietic and vascular development. Emerging studies also support the role of these three factors and possible interplay in hematopoietic and vascular regeneration. Comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation and function of these three factors may lead to more effective approaches in promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Developmental Dynamics, 2017.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: ETS transcription factor XXXX / @entity35949 /Etsrp in hematopoietic and vascular development, injury, and regeneration.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic and vascular systems']

answer: @entity35949 :: (2116,Gene) :: ['ETV2']


abstract: 1. Both the @entity1289 inhibitor, @entity3593 , and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, @entity3352 , lower urinary protein excretion in @entity8 and improve the selectivity of the residual @entity644 . Despite the clearly different renal haemodynamic profiles of the two drugs, we hypothesize that the antiproteinuric effect has a final common pathway that is a reduction in glomerular filtration pressure. 2. We studied the effects of @entity3593 and @entity3352 , separately and in combination, on urinary protein excretion, selectivity of @entity644 and renal haemodynamics in nine non- @entity6 @entity1 with overt @entity644 . 3. Urinary protein excretion was 5.4 +/- 2.5 g/24 h in the control period. @entity3593 monotherapy lowered urinary protein excretion by 53 +/- 26%. During @entity3352 treatment urinary protein excretion was reduced by 63 +/- 24%. After adding @entity3352 to @entity3593 , urinary protein excretion fell by a further 58 +/- 23%, resulting in a 79 +/- 17% decrease during combined therapy. 4. Although both @entity3593 and @entity3352 monotherapy appeared to result in an improvement in glomerular protein permeselectivity, no further improvement was seen during the combination therapy. 5. The change in @entity644 were associated with changes in glomerular filtration rate, which showed a pronounced fall with combination therapy. The renal haemodynamic profiles during the different therapies suggest a post-glomerular vasodilatation by @entity3593 and a pre-glomerular vasoconstriction by @entity3352 , and the combination of both during the combined treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Additive antiproteinuric effect of XXXX inhibition and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy: a clue to the mechanism of action.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['Lisinopril', 'lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: AIMS: Evaluation of a three-dimensional reconstruction method to show the changes of right ventricular volume and systolic function when @entity1 undergo @entity358 for chronic @entity120 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In the examination of 11 @entity1 (four female, seven male; age 56+/-10 years) before and after @entity358 , end-diastolic and end-systolic right ventricular volumes were determined as a sum total of the calculated volumes of derived parallel slices of the right ventricle. Using a Tomtec workstation and a Vingmed CFM 800 echocardiography device, the acquired data were ECG-and respiration-triggered in the course of transthoracic examination, using step intervals of 5 degrees. The ventricular outline was traced manually on 5mm slices from longitudinal cut planes. For subsequent correction, their area measurements were displayed and the volume cross-checked against the volume from orthogonal cut planes. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes could be quantified in 11/11 cases before surgery, but data could only be attained for 9/11 @entity1 after surgery, because a limited apical window rendered the postoperative three-dimensional reconstruction impossible in two cases. Before surgery, right ventricular size was larger than normal and systolic function was clearly impaired in all of the @entity1 (end-diastolic volume: 121+/-37 ml; end-systolic volume 91+/-30 ml; ejection fraction 25+/-8%). The decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure after surgery was significant (47+/-8 vs 26+/-8 mmHg; P<0.05). End-diastolic and end-systolic right ventricular volumes had been reduced (80+/-33 ml and 54+/-31 ml respectively), and the ejection fraction had increased (36+/-9%). CONCLUSIONS: Successfully performed @entity358 leads to a significant reduction of right ventricular chamber size and improvement of systolic function, which can be determined with great precision and quite easily, using transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

title: Quantitative assessment of right ventricular volumes in severe chronic @entity120 using transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography: changes due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboendarterectomy']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary thromboendarterectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and severe @entity360 ( @entity360 ) has been established beyond reasonable doubt. The literature on risk factors has almost exclusively focused on comparisons of relative risks in subgroups of @entity1 : @entity1 versus @entity1 , old versus young and so forth. However, from a pragmatic, clinical viewpoint, only the excess risk provides a meaningful, robust measure of the magnitude of risk factors. The purpose of the study was to determine the excess risks in subgroups of @entity1 and to characterize the utilization pattern of NSAIDs. METHODS: A registry-based cohort study was conducted in a prescription and diagnosis registry in Odense, which covered a population of 207,000 @entity1 for a period of 19 months. RESULTS: In total, 183 (113 @entity1 and 70 @entity1 ) @entity360 @entity1 were identified, of whom 37 were current users of NSAIDs. The standardized incidence rate of @entity360 was 46 per 100,000 @entity1 -years for nonexposed and 253 per 100,000 @entity1 -years for exposed @entity1 -time, yielding an excess risk of 207 per 100,000 @entity1 -years (confidence interval (CI), 132-319) and a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 5.5 (CI, 3.9-7.9). @entity1 had higher excess risk than @entity1 (277 versus 150 per 100,000 @entity1 -years). The SIR decreased with increasing duration of exposure. The excess risk was particularly high in @entity1 aged 75 years or more (1258 per 100,000 @entity1 -years) and in @entity1 with a history of peptic @entity1066 (879 per 100,000 @entity1 -years), being about 10- and 5-fold higher than in the complementary groups. NSAID utilization was remarkably sporadic. We found 31,503 users and a median purchase of 20 defined daily doses. Short-term use was highly prevalent in all age groups. @entity1 , the elderly, and @entity1 with a history of @entity1066 had a higher prevalence of NSAID use than others. CONCLUSIONS: A history of peptic @entity1066 is associated with adverse outcome of NSAID therapy and should be regarded as a relative contraindication. A similarly strong effect of high age was shown. Male sex and short-term use are minor risk factors. The incidence of NSAID-related @entity360 can probably be reduced without affecting the overall utilization of NSAIDs.

title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and XXXX , identifying high-risk groups by excess risk estimates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Men', 'person', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['UGB', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: We reviewed 1000 consecutive liver transplants over a 10 year period with special attention to a pre-transplant history of portal @entity101 revealed by @entity548 . Of 730 primary transplanted @entity1 with @entity409 186 (26%) experienced variceal @entity548 prior to transplantation of which 130 (70%) required interventional therapy to palliate the @entity548 . Sclerotherapy was performed in 93 (50%), surgical portal diversion in 27 (15%) and TIPSS in 10 (5%) @entity1 . Moderate to severe @entity409 accounted for 91% of the @entity1 with @entity548 complications. The @entity548 and treatment modality utilized in the pre-transplant period was analyzed in a way to integrate liver transplantation into the multimodality treatment of portal @entity101 . The overall survival for all @entity1 was 76% at five years. Previous history of variceal @entity548 did not affect the outcome of @entity1 following liver transplantation. The @entity1 treated by initial sclerotherapy demonstrated no difference with either graft or @entity1 survival. The @entity1 who had TIPSS to control @entity548 had lower, but insignificant, graft and @entity1 survival. The group of @entity1 with @entity548 who had prior surgical shunt did, however, demonstrate a significant increased survival of 96% when compared to the non-shunted group which had a 73% survival (p < 0.007). The strategy in treating these potential transplant @entity1 is critical to the success of the subsequent transplant.

title: [Liver transplantation in the treatment strategy of portal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['impact of both bleeding', 'variceal hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 with enhanced glomerular protein filtration are accompanied by @entity32 and progression to @entity177 . Filtered proteins, like albumin, seem to be a pathogenic factor per se in the progression of @entity8 . There is evidence that the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is involved in protein-overload stimulated renal inflammatory pathomechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate albumin-induced NF-kappaB expression as well as NF-kappaB activity upon long long term exposure to albumin in @entity1 proximal tubular cells as only acute albumin-induced NF-kappaB activity has been reported so far. METHODS: To investigate the hypothesis, that NF-kappaB may be involved in protein-induced renal inflammatory pathomechanisms, we exposed @entity1 renal proximal tubule-derived cells (IHKE-1) to bovine serum albumin (BSA: 50 and 500 microg/ml). The NF-kappaB and @entity310 specific mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. NF-kappaB specific protein expression was analysed by Western blot. Reporter gene assays were performed to determine the NF-kappaB specific activity. RESULTS: Albumin-exposure induced an increase in NF-kappaB specific mRNA expression, NF-kappaB protein expression and activity. These effects are decreased by the @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) inhibitor @entity11009 (BIM) and the @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity11615 . An albumin-induced increase in @entity310 specific mRNA expression as biological, inflammatory parameter associated with the albumin-induced NF-kappaB activity was detectable. CONCLUSION: We suggest, that albumin-exposure induces an increase in NF-kappaB and @entity310 specific mRNA expression, NF-kappaB specific protein expression and protein activity in renal proximal tubule cells in culture, which is at least in part @entity7131 and @entity669 kinase dependent.

title: Albumin induces NF-kappaB expression in XXXX proximal tubule-derived cells (IHKE-1).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal function deterioration']

entities_list: @entity11615 :: ('MESH:C020754', 'Chemical') :: ['herbimycin A']

entities_list: @entity11009 :: ('MESH:C070515', 'Chemical') :: ['bisindolylmaleimide I']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) varies by geographic location and ethnicity, but has never been studied among the Navajo. METHODS: Period prevalence was calculated using the number of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity191 in the Shiprock Service Unit Indian Health Service database during 1995-1999, 2000-2004, and 2005-2009 as the numerator, and the number seen for any reason as the denominator. Age-standardized rates were calculated using the 2000 US population. RESULTS: During 2005-2009, 126 @entity1 were seen with @entity191 (crude prevalence = 203.7/100,000 population). The age-adjusted rate was 335.9 (95% C. I. 277.8-394.0) overall, 438.5 (95% C.I. 336.5-540.5) in @entity1 and 259.7 (95% C.I. 192.8-326.7; p = 0.004) in @entity1 . The adjusted rate increased with age: 788.8 (95% C.I. 652.0-925.7) for age 40 and above to 1964.9 (95% C.I. 1613.7-2316.1) for age 60 and above. Adjusted rates were 246.6 (95% C.I. 187.2-306.0) in 1995-1999 and 284.7 (95% C.I. 227.0-342.4) in 2000-2004. CONCLUSION: @entity191 appears common among the Navajo. Estimates increased with age and time, and were higher in @entity1 . In- @entity1 interviews are needed to confirm these estimates, and to determine incidence, quality of care, and risk factors for @entity191 among the Navajo.

title: Prevalence of XXXX among the Navajo: a preliminary examination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: Death-associated protein  1 ( @entity10620 ) is a highly conserved phosphoprotein involved in the regulation of autophagy. A previous clinical study by our group suggested an association between low @entity10620 expression and clinicopathological parameters of @entity1 @entity0 . In the present study, we aimed to determine the role of @entity10620 in @entity5 cell behaviour in the context of @entity1 @entity0 . We developed knockdown sublines of MCF7 and MDA-MB  -231, and performed growth, adhesion and invasion assays and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) studies of the post-wound migration of cells. In addition, we studied the mRNA expression of @entity15415 , @entity60696 , @entity20637 , @entity4910 and @entity3544 in the control and knockdown sublines. Knockdown was associated with increased adhesion and migration, significantly so in the MDA-MB-231DAP1kd cell subline (p=0.029 and p=0.001, respectively). Growth in MCF7 cells showed a significant suppression on day  3 (p=0.029), followed by an increase in growth matching the controls on day  5. While no change in the apoptotic response to serum starvation could be attributed to @entity10620 knockdown, the expression of known components of the apoptosis pathway ( @entity8186 ) and cell cycle ( @entity3544 ) was significantly reduced in the MCF7DAP1kd cell subline (p <=0.05), while in MDA-MB-231DAP1kd the expression of a pro-apoptotic molecule, @entity20637 , was suppressed (p <=0.05). @entity10620 may have an important role in cell adhesion, migration and growth in the context of @entity0 and has significant associations with the apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, we believe that delayed increase in growth observed in the MCF7DAP1kd cell subline may indicate activation of a strongly pro-oncogenic pathway downstream of @entity10620 .

title: Effect of the knockdown of death-associated protein  1 expression on cell adhesion, growth and migration in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cryotherapy has been used to enhance recovery after orthopaedic surgery. Several cooling devices are available but few can guarantee a fixed temperature during a prolonged time and therefore have been criticized. The arrival of new advanced cryotherapy devices made it possible to test the effect of prolonged cooling on rehabilitation after joint replacement. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The hypotheses of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) were that advanced cryotherapy devices compared with cold packs result in (1) better @entity282 control resulting in a lower consumption of narcotics; (2) better early ROM; and (3) less @entity86 and swelling. METHODS: A priori sample size calculation had determined that to detect a difference of 2 points on the VAS, a sample size of 50 subjects per group at followup would be required, given a study power of 80%. One hundred sixteen @entity1 were included and randomly allocated to receive advanced cryotherapy (n  =  58) or use of cold packs (n  =  58). The primary outcomes for the study were to evaluate @entity158 with the VAS and analgesics consumption. Secondary outcomes were postoperative ROM, swelling, and @entity190 . One hundred (50 in each group) @entity1 had complete data available for analysis. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in VAS, need for analgesics, nor in secondary outcomes were observed, except for substantially reduced flexion at 6  weeks in the advanced cryotherapy group (114   versus 120  ). CONCLUSIONS: Advanced cryotherapy with a continuous temperature for a prolonged period does not deliver expected results of superior early recovery after knee arthroplasty. Greater sample sizes are required to fully determine significant differences between the two techniques for these study parameters. Immobilization of the knee in extension during the prolonged cryotherapy session resulted in lower active flexion at 6  weeks after surgery for the advanced cryotherapy group. Advanced cryotherapy should not be used in fast track knee arthroplasty if the economic cost is higher than the price of cold packs or offers no other concomitant advantages. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, therapeutic study. See the Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Does advanced cryotherapy reduce XXXX and narcotic consumption after knee arthroplasty?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the relation between Visual Function Index-14 (VF-14) scores and VA by accounting for concurrent ocular comorbidities, effect of the @entity735 ( @entity735 ), and VA before and after @entity231 surgery. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. @entity1 : A total of 4335 @entity1 with @entity231 who completed the VF-14 before and after @entity231 surgery. METHODS: Collaborating clinicians provided demographic and clinical data before and after @entity231 surgery. Lowess curves, general linear models, and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to study the relation between the VF-14 and the VA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores in the VF-14 preintervention, change in VF-14 after surgery, VA before surgery, and VA change after surgery. RESULTS: General linear models and Spearman correlation coefficients showed a significant (P < 0.0001) association between VF-14 score and VA (measured in decimal fraction) when the preoperative VA was  <=0.5 (20/40) and no association (P > 0.4020) when the VA was >0.5 (20/40). Small VA gains ( <=0.5) after surgery only led to significant gains (P < 0.0001) in functionality in @entity1 with other ocular pathologies and whose @entity735 was the surgical eye. Gains in VA >0.5 had a significant (P < 0.02) effect on VF-14 change scores in most @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The VF-14 seems to be more sensitive when the preoperative VA is <0.5 (20/40), especially in @entity1 whose @entity735 is the surgical eye. The VF-14 seems responsive to increases in VA if the gains exceed 0.5. For gains <0.5, the VF-14 seems unresponsive, except for @entity1 with other ocular pathologies in whom the @entity735 before and after surgery is the surgical eye.

title: Visual acuity level, ocular morbidity, and the XXXX affect sensitivity and responsiveness of the visual function index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['better seeing eye', 'BSE']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['better seeing eye']


abstract: T lymphocytes recognize peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex products through the alpha- and beta-chains of their @entity12810 ( @entity12810 ). The interaction between T cells and target cells or antigen-presenting cells is also assisted by a series of other accessory cell surface proteins. Probably most characterized of these accessory molecules are @entity1961 and CD8, which are differentially expressed on helper and cytotoxic T-cell lineages, respectively. Upon engagement of ligands by these cell surface proteins, a series of signals are transduced intracytoplasmically via associated protein kinases, such as the lymphocyte-specific @entity669 kinase @entity29939 . Another component important to signaling is the cell surface @entity669 phosphatase @entity8236 , which through alternative splicing occurs in different isoforms on various hematopoietic and lymphopoietic cells. Despite the complexity of the @entity12810 , signals generated via these receptors are thought to be insufficient to fully activate T lymphocytes. Many investigators believe that collateral (costimulatory) signaling of the @entity10867 molecule and the @entity12810 facilitates complete activation of T lymphocytes. In addition, immune responses are regulated by a number of cytokines and soluble factors. Finally, at a very basic level, transcriptional factors, such as those involved in controlling interferon production, are important in T-cell development and immune responses. In an attempt to better understand the roles of these molecules in T lymphocyte function and ontogeny, we generated a series of mutant @entity19 with disruptions in the genes coding for these molecules. The following discussion reports on some of the findings observed with these mutant animals.

title: Gaining insights into the ontogeny and activation of T cells through the use of gene-targeted mutant XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity447 is a @entity74 in which the major clinical manifestation is @entity548 into the joints, muscles, internal organs and the CNS, often without any obvious @entity130 . Bleeding can be fatal as in the case of CNS @entity548 , or severely debilitating following repeated @entity548 into joints that results in crippling @entity625 . Treatment for @entity447 includes the intravenous administration of clotting factor concentrates to replace the missing or defective protein. @entity1211 is therefore critical to the treatment of @entity447 and the prevention of complications due to @entity548 . According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately half of @entity1 less than 16 years of age and one-third of all @entity1 with @entity447 receive regular prophylactic injections of clotting factor concentrates. Prophylaxis, or the regular scheduled administration of @entity2801 concentrate, is effective in preventing @entity548 . Among those @entity1 with severe disease, in the absence of prophylaxis, approximately 13 @entity548 , including nine joint @entity548 , occur annually. In contrast, when prophylaxis is administered, the annual number of @entity548 decreases to five and three, respectively. One of the major barriers to the more wide-spread use of prophylaxis is venous access. While peripheral venipuncture remains the first choice for venous access, central venous access devices are frequently used to facilitate repeated and/or urgent administration of clotting factor concentrates. The advantages of central venous access devices are well recognized in certain treatment regimens such as prophylaxis and immune tolerance therapy, as well as certain @entity1 groups such as young @entity1 in whom venipuncture is often difficult and traumatic, and adults with scarred veins. Central venous access devices also allow earlier commencement of both home treatment and prophylaxis. The goal of this review is to discuss the different types of central venous access devices and their role in the management of @entity447 to provide practitioners that care for @entity1 with @entity447 with the necessary information to make sound therapeutic recommendations to their @entity1 .

title: Central venous access devices in XXXX with @entity447 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2801 :: ('2157', 'Gene') :: ['antihemophilic factor']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'total and joint bleeds', 'bleeds']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'Hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disorder']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous access']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Milk is potentially beneficial for bone health, particularly for Chinese populations where consumption of dairy products is low. There are few data about milk consumption by Chinese @entity1 aged 20-35 years. This study examines whether milk supplement over 2 years caused increased @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in Chinese @entity1 aged 20-35 years. METHODS: Four hundred forty-one community-living @entity1 living in Hong Kong @entity22226 (221) and Beijing (220) China were randomized to receive milk supplement or nothing. The supplement consisted of two sachets of milk powder (1000 mg @entity460 , 80 microg @entity17105 ), for 24 months. @entity79 at total hip, total spine, and whole body was measured at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months; blood specimens were analyzed at baseline and at 3 and 24 months for biochemical indices of bone turnover and @entity2067 . Urine samples also were collected. Analysis was by intention to treat as well as per protocol. Differences in change from baseline between the milk and control groups were analyzed using the mixed models approach to repeated measures, including the baseline value as a covariate. RESULTS: Both groups had an increase in @entity79 and a decrease in bone turnover markers over time, as an indicator of the process of attainment of peak bone mass during this period. Apart from a higher total spine @entity79 at 6 months in the milk group using per protocol analysis, there was little significant difference observed between the milk group and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Age-related bone metabolism and lack of compliance most likely explain the lack of consistent changes in @entity79 or bone biochemical measures in response to milk supplementation for 2 years in Chinese @entity1 aged 20-35 years.

title: Milk supplementation and bone health in young adult chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity64 is a pathological condition associated with a redox imbalance. Both the acute and the post-acute phases after a @entity64 are characterized by a pro-oxidant state, which could be corrected through antioxidant supplementation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the ALAnerv(  ) upon the redox status of erythrocytes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this pilot study were enrolled 28 post-acute @entity64 @entity1 . They were randomly divided into a control group [(-) ALA] and a study group [(+) ALA]. @entity1 were hospitalized for a period of two weeks. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of this period. @entity1 from (+) ALA group received the nutritional supplement ALAnerv(  ). @entity2196 , SOD, GPx, GRed and @entity1422 activities were assessed on erythrocytes' lysates. Also, the total antioxidant capacity as well as the concentration of total @entity1433 were evaluated. OUTCOMES: During the study period only SOD (1393.48    69.14 U/g Hb vs. 1514.06    60.80) and GRed (4.47    0.37 U/g Hb vs. 5.06    0.24) significantly increased in (+) ALA group. @entity2196 (173.70    14.62 k/g Hb vs. 123.41    8.71) and @entity1422 (5.55    0.26 U/g Hb vs. 4.95    0.23) activities significantly decreased during the study period. Multiple regression indicated that only SOD, @entity1422 and GRed activities were influenced by the ALAnerv(  ) consumption. There was no significant increase if the total @entity1433 concentration. CONCLUSIONS: ALAnerv(  ) consumption could be associated with a correction of the erythrocytes' redox status. There is a need to investigate if administration of ALAnerv(  ) over a longer time period could have a more significant influence on the erythrocytes' antioxidant system.

title: The relationship between alanerv(  ) consumption and erythrocytes' redox status in post-acute @entity64 XXXX undergoing rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity4044 extract (EGb) administration on T lymphocyte subsets and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) levels in @entity161 . METHODS: One hundred and nine @entity161 inpatients were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of treatment with 360 mg/day of EGb plus a stable dose of 0.25 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of @entity1767 and placebo plus the same dose of @entity1767 using a double-blind design. Clinical efficacy was determined using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms, and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms. T lymphocytes (CD3+), T helper cells ( @entity404 +), T suppressor cells ( @entity405 +), and @entity1199 -secreting cells were measured using the alkaline phosphatase/antialkaline phosphatase technique; and SOD levels were measured by radioimmunometric assay at baseline and at posttreatment, as compared to 30 sex- and age-matched normal subjects. RESULTS: @entity1 demonstrated significantly lower CD3+, @entity404 +, and @entity1199 -secreting cells, together with @entity404 / @entity405 ratio, and significantly higher blood SOD levels than did healthy controls at baseline. There was a significantly negative relationship between SOD and @entity404 + cells in the @entity161 group at baseline. After a 12-week treatment, CD3+, @entity404 +, and @entity1199 -secreting cells, together with @entity404 / @entity405 ratio, showed a significant increase, but a significant decrease in SOD levels in the EGb group. There was only a significant increase in @entity404 + cells but no change in SOD levels in the placebo group. There was a significant correlation between the change in @entity404 + cells at posttreatment vs pretreatment and a reduction of BPRS total score in the whole @entity1 group. CONCLUSIONS: EGb may improve the decreased peripheral immune functions in @entity161 . The beneficial effects of EGb on the immune systems and the improvement of @entity161 may be medicated through its antioxidant activity.

title: The effects of @entity4044 extract added to @entity1767 on peripheral T cell subsets in drug-free XXXX : a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'schizophrenic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo biloba']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) induced lipid peroxidation is associated with sperm function. @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) concentration and @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx) activity represent the lipid peroxidation and spermicidal antioxidant, respectively. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of @entity1865 and GPx levels with sperm parameters. @entity1 AND METHODS: Specimens were divided into two groups: group 1. normospermia (n=20); group 2. oligoasthenospermia (n=31). Seminal @entity1865 concentration was measured by @entity4466 reaction method. Seminal GPx activity was measured by oxidation of reduced @entity2125 . Seminal @entity1865 levels and GPx activities in both groups were compared. RESULTS: @entity1865 concentrations in both groups were significantly different (1.52 +/- 0.75 vs. 2.25 +/- 0.88 nM, p = 0.0021). GPx activities in both groups were non-significantly different (0.48 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.47 +/- 0.12 U/ml). @entity1865 levels were negatively correlated with the sperm motility ( @entity1865 = -0.014 x motility + 2.62, p =0.017) and concentration ( @entity1865 = -0.0045 x concentration + 2.23, p = 0.0166). GPx activities were positively but non-significantly correlated with the sperm concentration and sperm motility. CONCLUSIONS: Seminal @entity1865 concentrations are negatively correlated with sperm concentration and motility, which might provide a simple and useful tool in predicting sperm parameters. GPx activity is non-significantly correlated with the seminal quality. Roles of seminal @entity1865 upon spermatogenesis merits further surveys.

title: Seminal XXXX concentration but not @entity2041 peroxidase activity is negatively correlated with seminal concentration and motility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2125 :: ('MESH:D009243', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

answer: @entity1234 :: (MESH:D008315,Chemical) :: ['malondialdehyde']


abstract: This review summarizes the studies on the cognitive side-effects of two important antiepileptic drugs: @entity3174 and @entity2049 . A large literature database was compiled through the DIMDI computer database and the inspection of recent reviews. Only scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals during the last 25 years were selected. Of the 358 potentially relevant papers on cognitive effects of AEDs, a total of 16 studies have been found that have studied both @entity2049 and @entity3174 . After excluding studies with designs that do not permit valid inferences regarding the cognitive effects of AEDs, only five studies remained. The evaluation of these studies reveal that our current knowledge allows us to draw conclusions about the cognitive side-effects of @entity3174 and @entity2049 only with great caution. The claim in reviews that 'both drugs have an impact on cognitive function, PHT to a larger degree than @entity2050 ' is simply not supported by valid 'high quality' data. The same is true for the overall conclusion in more recent reviews that 'drug-induced cognitive effects of these @entity73 are probably mild or even negligible'. Apparently, the only information that we have is that the differential impact of PHT and @entity2050 on cognitive function is not extremely different. No conclusive and reconfirmed data are available on the absolute effects of @entity2050 and @entity29597 (differences between the two drugs and a no-treatment condition). Our review summarizes some recommendations for future studies.

title: @entity3174 and XXXX : differential effects on cognitive function.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs on cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between physical fitness and its recovery over time on the one hand, and complications and duration of phases of rehabilitation on the other. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study at eight rehabilitation centres. SUBJECTS: @entity1 with a @entity1566 were assessed four times: at the start of active rehabilitation (n = 110), three months later (n = 92), at discharge (n = 137) and a year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation (n = 91). MAIN MEASURES: Physical fitness was defined as aerobic capacity, determined at each occasion by the peak @entity26 uptake (peak Vo(2); L/min) and the peak power output (peak PO; W) during a maximal exercise test. On these occasions, @entity508 , musculoskeletal and @entity158 were determined (1 = present; 0 = absent). During inpatient rehabilitation, complications ( @entity293 , @entity358 or pressure sore) and bed rest were registered (1 = complication; 0 = no complications, and 1 = bed rest; 0 = no bed rest). Complications and bed rest occurring during the year after discharge were registered similarly. RESULTS: Multilevel random coefficient analyses revealed associations in multivariate models (P <or= 0.05). The peak @entity26 uptake was negatively associated with complications after discharge. The recovery of peak power output over time was negatively associated with bed rest and @entity508 . Both physical fitness and its recovery were negatively associated with the duration of active rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that limiting complications, @entity508 or bed rest may improve fitness. A longer duration of active rehabilitation is not associated with an increase in physical fitness.

title: Physical fitness in XXXX with a @entity1566 : the association with complications and duration of rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic pain']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: We investigated whether @entity5 Cells (CTCs) isolated from @entity5 could survive and grow in xenotransplants. To this purpose, @entity5960 -positive CTCs were enriched by CellSearch platform the only FDA-cleared automated platform that quantifies @entity5 burden in peripheral blood and provides clinical evidence of predictive and prognostic value. The CTCs were isolated from metastatic prostate (n=6) and breast (n=2) @entity5 @entity1 . The xenograft assay was developed in 8-week-old NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 that were subcutaneously injected with increasing amounts of CTCs (ranging from 50 to 3000). @entity1 CTCs were found in 8 out of 8 @entity19 peripheral blood (muPB) and in 6 out of 8 @entity19 bone marrow (muBM) samples, after a median follow-up of 10.3 months. Six out of 8 spleens were positive for @entity1 cytokeratin. Our assay showed higher successful rate than those previously reported in @entity0 . The role of @entity5960 during @entity105 is controversial. The identification of @entity1 CTCs in muPB, muBM and spleen demonstrates that the @entity5960 -positive fraction of CTCs retains the migratory capacity. This is the first experimental evidence that as few as 50 @entity5960 -positive @entity263 CTCs putatively contain metastasis-initiating-cells (MIC).

title: Retaining the long-survive capacity of @entity5 Cells (CTCs) followed by xeno-transplantation: not only from metastatic @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Circulating Tumor', 'cancer', 'epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk for violent victimization or crime perpetration after firearm-related hospitalization (FRH) must be determined to inform the need for future interventions. OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk for subsequent @entity130 , @entity204 , or crime perpetration among @entity1 with an FRH, those hospitalized for noninjury reasons, and the general population. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: All hospitals in Washington. @entity1 : @entity1 with an FRH and a random sample of those with a non-injury-related hospitalization in 2006 to 2007 (index hospitalization). MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes included subsequent FRH, firearm-related @entity204 , and the combined outcome of firearm- or violence-related arrest ascertained through 2011. RESULTS: Among @entity1 with an index FRH (n = 613), rates of subsequent FRH, firearm-related @entity204 , and firearm- or violence-related arrest were 329 (95% CI, 142 to 649), 100 (CI, 21 to 293), and 4221 (CI, 3352 to 5246) per 100 000 @entity1 -years, respectively. Compared with the general population, standardized incidence ratios among @entity1 with an index FRH were 30.1 (CI, 14.9 to 61.0) for a subsequent FRH and 7.3 (CI, 2.4 to 22.9) for firearm-related @entity204 . In survival analyses that accounted for competing risks, @entity1 with an index FRH were at greater risk for subsequent FRH (subhazard ratio [sHR], 21.2 [CI, 7.0 to 64.0]), firearm-related @entity204 (sHR, 4.3 [CI, 1.3 to 14.1]), and firearm- or violence-related arrest (sHR, 2.7 [CI, 2.0 to 3.5]) than those with a non-injury-related index hospitalization. LIMITATION: Lack of information on whether @entity1 continued to reside in Washington during follow-up may have introduced outcome misclassification. CONCLUSION: Hospitalization for a firearm-related injury is associated with a heightened risk for subsequent violent victimization or crime perpetration. Further research at the intersection of clinical care, the criminal justice system, and public health to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions delivered to survivors of firearm-related injury is warranted. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Seattle City Council and University of Washington Royalty Research Fund.

title: Firearm-related hospitalization and risk for subsequent @entity130 , XXXX , or crime perpetration: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'person']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['violent injury']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is associated with an increased @entity64 ( @entity64 ) risk. Conventional measures of @entity27 severity do not predict individual risk. Cognitive function tests have failed to incorporate outcomes in risk prediction. We aimed to identify markers of cognitive function for @entity64 risk prediction in @entity27 . METHODS: @entity27 @entity1 [n   =   114, 75% male, median age 51 (43-61) years, body mass index (BMI) 30 (27-33) kg/m(2), @entity27 index 25 (6-49) n/h, and @entity25 ( @entity25 ) score 11 (8-16)] were recruited from a sleep laboratory. Two cognitive function tests, the Attention Network Test (ANT) and a modified Oxford Sleep Resistance Test (OSLER) test (GOSLING), were assessed. RESULTS: @entity27 @entity1 with (n   =   11) or without (n   =   103) a @entity64 record in the Swedish traffic accident registry were identified. In @entity1 with a @entity64 , 64% were commercial drivers. In @entity1 with a @entity64 history, more lapses [42 (5-121) vs. 5 (1-25), P   =   0.02] and fewer responses [238 (158-272) vs. 271 (256-277), P   =   0.03] to stimuli in the ANT were found. In the GOSLING, the number of lapses was higher (29 (10-97) vs. 7 (2-19), P   =   0.01) and the reaction time was longer [462 (393-551) vs. 407 (361-449) ms, P   =   0.05]. @entity27 severity and @entity25 score poorly predicted MVAs (P   >   0.2). CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that deficit in sustained attention, assessed by daytime neurocognitive function tests, was associated with @entity64 risk in @entity27 @entity1 . We were unable to detect an association between @entity64 history and severity of @entity27 or the @entity25 score. The findings provide a rationale for further development of objective @entity64 risk assessment tools in @entity27 .

title: Attention deficits detected in cognitive tests differentiate between sleep apnea XXXX with or without a @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['motor vehicle accident', 'MVA']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['ESS', 'Epworth Sleepiness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies comparing survival between @entity356 ( @entity356 ) @entity1 from the West and the East were based on the assumption that background factors and prognostic factors were identical. The aim of the current study was to compare the survival of @entity356 @entity1 from the UK and Japan using weighted propensity score analysis after identifying all different background factors. METHODS: Data from 464 @entity1 from the Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK (LTHT), and 465 @entity1 from the @entity5 ( @entity5 ), who had surgery for @entity356 were analyzed. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and @entity5 -specific survival (CSS) were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. Survival was compared by propensity score weighting after adjusting for all significantly different background factors. RESULTS: Most background factors were different between LTHT and @entity5 @entity1 . Unadjusted stage-specific OS and CSS were significantly better in @entity5 . Independent prognostic factors for unadjusted OS and CSS were pT and pN in @entity5 and in addition @entity5 location, pancreatectomy, resection margin status and number of examined lymph nodes in LTHT. Even after adjusting for all background characteristics, survival remained better in @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that differences in background factors are unable to fully explain the survival difference of @entity356 @entity1 between UK and Japan. Comprehensive studies into the biology of @entity356 and/or host factors are needed to fully understand the survival difference.

title: The survival difference between @entity356 XXXX from the UK and Japan remains after weighted propensity score analysis considering all background factors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['KCCH', 'tumor', 'Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, Japan', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We examined whether the @entity1486 (PSA) nadir is a good predictor of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinico-pathological data in 257 @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy. Twenty-nine @entity1 of whom PSA nadir did not reach 0.1 ng/mL and three @entity1 in whom second line therapy was started before biochemical failure were excluded, and 225 @entity1 were subject to this study. We evaluated the changes in PSA value at very low (from less than 0.01-0.10 ng/mL) levels using an ultra-sensitive PSA assay after radical prostatectomy. Biochemical failure was defined as three consecutive elevations of PSA to above 0.1 ng/mL. RESULTS: Biochemical failure-free survival was attained by 89.9% of @entity1 at 1 year, 83.0% at 2 years, and 81.0% at 5 years. PSA nadir more than 0.01 ng/mL was strongly associated with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy (P < 0.0001). Mean time to reach PSA nadir was 3.1 months. Preoperative PSA > 20 ng/mL (P = 0.0013), clinical T stage = T2 (P = 0.0462), Gleason score 8-10 (P = 0.0243) were also independent predictors of biochemical progression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1486 nadir determined by ultra-sensitive PSA assay is an important parameter that is objective, reliable, and easily measured, and useful for predicting the subgroups of @entity1 both most likely and unlikely to exhibit biochemical progression.

title: XXXX nadir determined using ultra-sensitive @entity1486 as a predictor of biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy in Japanese males.

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate specific antigen', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['Prostate specific antigen']


abstract: The M  ller cell is the principal glial cell of the vertebrate retina. The primary conductance in M  ller cells is the inwardly rectifying @entity972 channel @entity44922 ( @entity44922 and KAB-2), which is highly concentrated at the endfeet at the vitreal border and to processes enveloping blood vessels. Such asymmetric and clustered distribution of @entity44922 channels in M  ller cells is thought to be critical for the buffering of extracellular @entity972 concentration in retina. Herein we investigated whether the distribution and functional properties of @entity44922 channels are dependent on expression of the @entity34584 , a dystrophin isoform expressed in M  ller cells. @entity44922 distribution was determined in @entity19 retinal sections and whole mounts using anti- @entity44922 antibodies and confocal microscopy. In M  ller cells from wild-type @entity19 , @entity44922 is highly clustered in their endfeet and perivascular processes. In contrast, in M  ller cells from the mdx(3Cv) @entity19 , which lacks the expression of @entity34584 , the @entity44922 immunoreactivity is evenly distributed throughout the cell membrane. Surface expression of @entity44922 is not affected in mdx(3Cv) M  ller cells as current density of barium-sensitive inward currents in mdx(3Cv) M  ller cells are not different from wild type. Focal extracellular @entity972 increases in isolated M  ller cells shows that Kir channels in the mdx(3Cv) cells, as opposed to wild type, are less prominently concentrated in their endfeet. In summary, our data indicate that @entity34584 is critical for the clustering but not membrane expression of @entity44922 in @entity19 M  ller cells. These results point to a new role for dystrophin in glial cells.

title: Dystrophin @entity34584 is critical for the clustered localization of XXXX channels in retinal glial cells.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to determine the cost-effectiveness of three strategies for detecting @entity3146 2 and 3 after a determination of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous @entity75 on screening Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. METHODS: Single repeat Pap smear. Hybrid Capture testing for @entity1082 , and immediate colposcopy were compared. A theoretical decision analysis model was constructed with 10,000 @entity1 in each group. Costs and outcomes are those of diagnosis and treatment of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 2 or 3. Outcome probabilities and utilization data were obtained from a literature review and expert opinion. RESULTS: Repeat smear detected 1,125 cases, Hybrid Capture, 1,350 cases, and colposcopy, 1,482 cases of CIN2 or CIN3, costing  1,490,000,  1,980,000, and  2,420,000, respectively. Incremental cost per high-grade @entity1141 was  2,178 for Hybrid Capture and  3,333 for colposcopy. Sensitivity analyses that test management efficiencies are reported. CONCLUSIONS: More effective strategies are more costly. However, if costs saved by preventing invasive @entity5 are included, all three strategies may be cost-saving.

title: Economic evaluation of hybrid capture XXXX testing in @entity1 with low-grade papanicolaou smear abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Managing @entity204 in the emergency department is a challenge. Emergency nurses are expected to provide care to numerous @entity1 groups in an often fast-paced, life-saving environment. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of emergency nurses in providing end-of-life care, which is the care delivered to a @entity1 during the time directly preceding @entity204 . METHOD: Data were collected from 25 emergency nurses during three focus group interviews. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using the qualitative techniques of grounded theory. RESULTS: Ten categories emerged from the data that described a social process for managing @entity204 in the emergency department. The categories were linked via the core category labelled 'dying in the emergency department is not ideal', which described how the emergency department was an inappropriate place for @entity204 to occur. To help manage the influence of the environment on end-of-life care, nurses reported strategies that included moving dying @entity1 out of the emergency department and providing the best care that they could. CONCLUSION: The results of this study highlight nurses' belief that the emergency department was not an appropriate place for @entity204 to occur. Despite being frequently exposed to @entity204 and dying, the actions and attitudes of emergency nurses implied the need or desire to avoid @entity204 in the emergency department.

title: The experiences of emergency nurses in providing end-of-life care to XXXX in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objective in the treatment of @entity101 is to preserve the quality of life. Most @entity1 with @entity101 do not have any impairment to their quality of life and the objective of treatment is to preserve this well-being. The results of trials in Europe and in the USA are discussed in this communication. At entry to the European trials, younger @entity1 appeared to have a better quality of life than older @entity101 @entity1 but older @entity101 @entity1 appeared, in some respects, to have a better quality of life than younger @entity1 . Following treatment the younger @entity1 , aged less than 60 years, appeared to improve most with @entity3371 and did not improve with methyldopa. However, in contrast, the elderly @entity1 appeared to improve with both @entity12833 and @entity3371 . A large American trial confirmed that in white working @entity1 with @entity101 the quality of life was best with treatment with @entity3371 , least good with methyldopa and intermediate with @entity1169 . With @entity712 there are very few studies on the quality of life that can be discussed. However, Lipkin and Poole-Wilson did review the changes in exercise capacity with different drugs employed for the treatment of @entity712 . They assessed 16 trials that included the New York Heart Association Classification as an outcome. The reviewers did not consider that the inotropic agents improved exercise capacity. They considered that some of the trials supported a benefit from vasodilator treatment and that the four trials which assessed @entity1289 inhibitor therapy all showed an improvement in exercise capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of treatment on the quality of life in XXXX and @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity12833 :: ('MESH:D008750', 'Chemical') :: ['methyldopa']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: We wanted to describe how primary care clinicians care for @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: We undertook a cross-sectional study of 95 primary care clinicians and 822 of their established @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 from 4 practice-based, primary care research networks in the United States. Clinicians were surveyed about their training and practice. @entity1 completed a self-administered questionnaire about their care, and medical records were reviewed for complications, treatment, and @entity6 -control indicators. RESULTS: Participating clinicians (average age, 45.7 years) saw an average of 32.6 adult @entity1 with @entity6 per month. @entity1 (average age, 59.7 years) reported a mean duration of @entity6 of 9.1 years, with 34.3% having had the disease more than 10 years. Nearly one half (47.5%) of the @entity1 had at least 1 @entity2412 , and 60.8% reported a body mass index greater than 30. Mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was 7.6% (SD 1.73), and 40.5% of @entity1 had values <7%. Only 35.3% of @entity1 had adequate blood pressure control (<130/85 mm Hg), and only 43.7% had low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) levels <100 mg/dL. Only 7.0% of @entity1 met all 3 control targets. Multilevel models showed that @entity1 ethnicity, practice @entity164 , involvement of midlevel clinicians, and treatment were associated with HbA1c level; @entity1 age, education level, and practice @entity164 were associated with blood pressure control; and @entity1 ethnicity was associated with LDL-C control. CONCLUSIONS: Only modest numbers of @entity1 achieve established targets of @entity6 control. Reengineering primary care practice may be necessary to substantially improve care.

title: Management of XXXX 2 @entity6 in the primary care setting: a practice-based research network study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-related complication']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With today's improved surgical techniques, complications in @entity2650 surgery are seen less often, especially in distal form (1-5%). However, in proximal or @entity532 rate varied between 15 and 57%. Corrective surgery is mandatory in maior complications ( @entity292 , persistent chorde, urethral strictures, superficial @entity272 ). The search for the innovative surgical procedures and the optimal urethral substitute continues because each tissue has its particular shortcomings and disadvantages. METHODS: At our hospital complications occurred in 25 ( 15%) of 177 @entity1 who underwent @entity2650 repair between 1994 and 1998. 9 @entity1 required further surgery to repair the complications of @entity2650 operations performed at other institutions. When local epithelial tissue was not available, different surgical procedures were performed, using bladder or buccal mucosa graft and free or vascularized tunica vaginalis flaps. RESULTS: Follow up ranged from 3 to 6 years: the cosmetic and functional results were excellent. Small @entity292 occurred in 3 @entity1 and were corrected successfully in a subsequent surgical procedure using a tunica vaginalis wrap. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of using tunica vaginalis in urethral reconstruction represent a recent innovation. This tissue is a valid alternative in cases of multiple failed repairs.

title: [Treatment of complications in XXXX surgery: modern advancement].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['previous hypospadias', 'primary hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complex hypospadias complications']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas', 'urethrocutaneous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin separation']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity2172 is one of the most common childhood infections. It is responsible for every third visit to a pediatrician in a developed world. However, in Nigeria there is scanty knowledge about the incidence of @entity697 ( @entity697 ). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at determining the incidence of @entity697 among under five year old @entity1 presenting with @entity221 , and to compare the incidence of @entity697 as a cause of @entity221 with the incidence of @entity311 in pyrexic @entity1 . DESIGN: It is a cohort study of 200 @entity1 of between the ages of 2 weeks and five years with a rectal temperature of 38 degrees C and above, seen over a period of 3 months. SETTING: The study was conducted at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital (OAUTHC) Comprehensive Health Centre, Eleiyele, and the @entity1 emergency room of the OAUTHC, Ile-Ife. @entity1 AND METHODS: A questionnaire to collect information on the demographic data was administered to each mother/guardian of the @entity1 . Otoscopic examination using a battery-operated hand held otoscope and magnifying lenses were done in addition to general systemic physical examination. Thin and thick blood smears were made for @entity311 parasite. The dried slides were examined under the microscope using the X 100 objective. Sixteen of the @entity1 ' slides were lost after processing. RESULTS: Out of the 200 @entity1 that were studied, 58 (29%) had @entity697 . The highest incidence was recorded in the age group 12-24 months while the least age of occurrence was found to be the age group 4-5 years. @entity5895 was found in 81 (43.5%) while 21 (25.9%) of those with @entity5895 also had @entity697 . But 76 (36%) of the study population had neither @entity697 nor @entity5895 . CONCLUSION: Acute @entity2172 was found in 29% of under five years old presenting with @entity221 . It was found to be highest in the first and second year of life, and was found to be least in the 5th year of life. @entity311 was found in 81 (43.5%) of the @entity1 , and 21 (10.5%) of the @entity1 had @entity311 with a co-existing @entity697 .

title: Acute @entity2172 , XXXX and @entity221 in the under five age group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['Otitis media']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['AOM', 'Acute Otitis Media']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia', 'malaria parasitemia', 'Malaria parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) is explained in part by overexpression of @entity1437 and @entity21238 ( @entity21238 ), resulting in constitutive overproduction of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and driving the surge in CysLT production that occurs with aspirin ingestion. Similarly, @entity1576 is characterized by the overexpression of CysLT receptors. Increased levels of both interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-y are present in the tissue of @entity1576 subjects. Previous studies demonstrated that @entity3646 is primarily responsible for the up-regulation of @entity21238 by mast cells. METHODS: Literature review. RESULTS: Our previous studies demonstrated that @entity379 , but not @entity3646 , drives this process in eosinophils. These published studies also extend to both @entity3646 and @entity379 the ability to up-regulate CysLT receptors. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) acts to prevent CysLT secretion by inhibiting mast cell and eosinophil activation. PGE2 concentrations are reduced in @entity1576 , and our published studies confirm that this reflects diminished expression of @entity2247 . A process again that is driven by @entity3646 . Thus, @entity3646 and @entity379 together play an important pathogenic role in generating the phenotype of @entity1576 . Finally, induction of @entity21238 and @entity28575 receptors by @entity3646 reflects in part the @entity3646 -mediated activation of @entity8850 ( @entity8850 ). Our previous studies demonstrated that aspirin blocks trafficking of @entity8850 into the nucleus and thereby prevents @entity3646 -mediated induction of these transcripts, thereby suggesting a modality by which aspirin desensitization could provide therapeutic benefit for @entity1576 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This review will examine the evidence supporting this model.

title: Factors driving the aspirin exacerbated XXXX phenotype.

entities_list: @entity8850 :: ('6778', 'Gene') :: ['STAT6', 'signal transducer and activator of transcription 6']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease', 'AERD']

entities_list: @entity21238 :: ('4056', 'Gene') :: ['LTC4S', 'leukotriene C4 synthase']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory disease']