abstract: A simple classification of the usual microscopic features of seman analysis was used to separate the seminal findings of 330 male @entity1 of @entity249 unions attending the @entity249 service in order to demonstrate the spectrum of pathology present. Plasma FSH was also measured in 261 subjects. Normal semen findings were present in 31% of the subjects, and azoospermic @entity1 constituted 20% of the group. The most common abnormality underlying the remaining males was severely reduced semen density (or= 15 million sperm/ml) which was found in 24% of the @entity1 (79). In only 1/2 of the @entity1 with density defects, were there additional @entity1319 and/or morphology. A specific defective pattern of motility in the presence of normal morphology was found in 14% of the subjects and only about 1/2 of such @entity1 had an additional defect of sperm density. A small percentage (2%) of @entity1 had defects of morphology and motility without a density defect and 1% of the subjects demonstrated an @entity154 . The exercises served to correct attention to the exact pathology of semen and to focus attention on the possible different underlying causes of the defects seen. Using the classification, a 2nd group of 144 @entity1 from a similar source, but who provided 2 semen samples at varying time intervals, allowed both the effect of time and the consistency of semen findings to be investigated. About 1/3 of samples were found to retain their original classification on repeat analysis, a further 1/3 had relatively small changes, and the remainder varied markedly. The time interval between analyses was not an important determinant of change. Elevation of plasma gonadotropins were principally found in association with the gross defects of sperm density and not with @entity1319 or morphology.

title: Semen pathology, consistency and relationship to FSH in males attending an XXXX service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['isolated morphological abnormality']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['defects of motility']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies analyzing the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and complications after partial nephrectomy have been underpowered. We use a national surgical database to explore the association of BMI with postoperative outcomes for @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Years 2005-2012 of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) were queried for @entity1538 and @entity3 . @entity260 were organized according to Clavien Grades and compared across normal weight (BMI kg/m(2)=18.5-<25.0), overweight (BMI=25.0-<30.0), and @entity28 (BMI>= 30.0) @entity1 using standard descriptive statistics and multivariate regression modeling. RESULTS: Of 1667 OPNs and 2018 MIPNs, 46.2% of @entity1 were @entity28 . Operative time was 16.91 minutes longer on average for @entity28 @entity1 (p<0.001). The overall complication rate after @entity1538 was 17.9%, 17.2%, and 17.9% (p=0.945) for normal weight, overweight, and @entity28 @entity1 , respectively; while the overall complication rate after @entity3 was 6.9%, 6.3%, and 8.7% (p=0.147). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that overweight and @entity28 @entity1 were not at increased risk for any complication grade after @entity1538 and @entity3 compared to normal weight @entity1 . When comparing procedures, @entity3 had a lower complication rate compared to @entity1538 for @entity28 (8.7% vs 17.9%, p<0.001) and morbidly @entity28 @entity1 (9.2% vs 22.2%, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although surgery in @entity28 @entity1 is longer compared to normal weight @entity1 , it does not appear to increase the likelihood of 30-day postoperative complications for @entity1538 or @entity3 . However, @entity28 @entity1 undergoing @entity3 had lower complication rates than those undergoing @entity1538 .

title: Open vs XXXX : Assessing the Impact of BMI on Postoperative Outcomes in 3685 Cases from National Data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['Open Partial Nephrectomy', 'OPN']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['MIPN', 'Minimally Invasive Partial Nephrectomy']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Minimally Invasive Partial Nephrectomy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this work has been to dosimetrically investigate four fluoroscopically guided interventions: the percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), the @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ), the radiofrequency medial branch neurolysis (RF) (hereafter named spine procedures), and the endovascular treatment for the @entity63 ( @entity63 ). The X-ray equipment used was a Philips Integris Allura Xper FD20 imaging system provided with a dose-area product (DAP) meter. The parameters investigated were: @entity272 ( @entity272 ), air kerma (Ka,r), DAP, and fluoroscopy time (FT). In order to measure the @entity272 , we employed a system based on MOSFET detectors. Before using the system on @entity1 , a calibration factor Fc and correction factors for energy (CkV) and field size ( @entity24732 ) @entity734 were determined. Ka,r, DAP, and FT were extrapolated from the X-ray equipment. The analysis was carried out on 40 @entity1 , 10 for each procedure. The average fluoroscopy time and DAP values were compared with the reference levels (RLs) proposed in literature. Finally, the correlations between @entity272 , FT, Ka,r, and DAP values, as well as between DAP and FT values, were studied in terms of Pearson's product-moment coefficients for spine procedures only. An Fc value of 0.20 and a very low @entity734 of @entity24732 on field size were found. A third-order polynomial function was chosen for CkV. The mean values of @entity272 ranged from 2.3 to 10.8cGy for @entity63 and PVP, respectively. For these procedures, the DAP and FT values were within the proposed RL values. The statistical analysis showed little correlation between the investigated parameters. The interventional procedures investigated were found to be both safe with regard to deterministic effects and optimized for stochastic ones. In the spine procedures, the observed correlations indicated that the estimation of @entity272 from Ka,r or DAP was not accurate and a direct measure of @entity272 is therefore recommended.

title: @entity1 skin dose measurements using a cable free system MOSFETs based in fluoroscopically guided percutaneous vertebroplasty, @entity5663 , radiofrequency medial branch neurolysis, and endovascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['PDD', 'percutaneous disc decompression']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['MSD', 'maximum skin dose']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The number of @entity1 @entity56 to latex has increased significantly. It is crucial to recognize the cases in order to prevent and apply adequate treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity566 to latex in @entity9960 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of medical records of @entity1 with @entity9960 diagnosis from January 2002 to December 2007 was conducted. @entity1 were grouped into allergics and non-allergics. The comparison of groups for gender was made by the Chi-Squared test, the Student's t test was used to compare age, and Mann-Whitney test was used to compare groups for clinical manifestations of @entity566 , number of procedures under anesthesia, hospital admissions and vesical catheterizations. RESULTS: The mean number of procedures under anesthesia was 7 in the group with @entity566 and 4 in the group without @entity566 ; this difference was statistically significant (p=0.028). The mean number of hospital admissions was 4.5 in the group with @entity566 and 3.4 in group without @entity566 and mean vesical catheterization was 24.5 in @entity56 @entity1 and 21.7 in non @entity56 ones. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9960 @entity1 undergoing multiple procedures under anesthesia have high risk of developing clinical signals of @entity566 to latex. It is necessary that @entity1 with @entity9960 diagnosis should undergo exclusively latex-free procedures, avoiding high risk of sensitization and its complications. Specific tests to evaluate sensitization, genetic markers and latex-fruit relationship may contribute to a better understanding of risk factors related to @entity566 to latex and ways to prevent it.

title: Prevalence of sensitivity signals to latex in XXXX @entity1 undergoing multiple surgical procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['Meningomyelocele', 'meningomyelocele']

answer: @entity9960 :: (MESH:D008591,Disease) :: ['meningomyelocele']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if either @entity935 or @entity452 would counteract the deleterious effect that positive end-expiratory pressure ( @entity9239 ) has on cardiac output and mesenteric blood flow in a @entity35 model of @entity647 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial in a clinically relevant model of @entity647 . SETTING: Microcirculation research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Male @entity35 . INTERVENTIONS: The animals were anesthetized with @entity4485 (30 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. They underwent tracheostomy, jugular and femoral vein cannulation, femoral artery cannulation, carotid artery thermistor placement, and bowel preparation for in vivo video microscopy. @entity647 was created by administering 0.1 N @entity5836 (1 mL/kg) via the tracheostomy. @entity935 or @entity452 (2.5 or 12.5 microg/kg/min), followed by two intravenous fluid boluses, was administered to @entity35 ventilated with 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm @entity2507 of @entity9239 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean arterial pressure, thermodilution cardiac output, mesenteric arteriolar diameter, and red blood cell velocity were measured and mesenteric blood flow was calculated. Cardiac output was @entity308 in @entity35 exposed to 20 cm @entity2507 of @entity9239 by 32+/-2%. The corresponding values for @entity998 at 20 cm @entity2507 of @entity9239 in @entity35 receiving 2.5 and 12.5 microg/kg/min of @entity935 and 2.5 and 12.5 microg/kg/min of @entity452 were 31+/-1%, 21+/-1%, 29+/-0%, and 24+/-2%, respectively. Mesenteric blood flow was @entity308 in @entity35 ventilated with 20 cm @entity2507 of @entity9239 by 74+/-3%, while the corresponding values in @entity35 exposed to 20 cm @entity2507 of @entity9239 and receiving 2.5 or 12.5 microg/kg/min of @entity935 or 2.5 or 12.5 microg/kg/min of @entity452 were 86+/-3%, 77+/-3%, 73+/-3%, and 66+/-3%, respectively. Fluid boluses did not correct the @entity998 or mesenteric blood flow caused by the combination of @entity647 and @entity9239 . CONCLUSIONS: The higher doses of @entity935 and @entity452 partially, but insignificantly, corrected the @entity998 caused by @entity9239 in a model of @entity647 . Neither dose of @entity935 nor @entity452 was able to improve @entity9239 -induced mesenteric blood flow @entity308 .

title: Neither @entity935 nor @entity452 corrects mesenteric blood flow @entity308 caused by positive end-expiratory pressure in a XXXX model of @entity647 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in cardiac output', 'cardiac output depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine', 'dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'Acute lung injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity32 and trauma lead to tissue acidification and release of inflammatory mediators, including @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ). Protons can evoke @entity158 through acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and @entity13812 receptors. In this study, we examined whether @entity1421 can potentiate proton-induced nociception in @entity1 on injection into skin and muscle. Psychophysical and vascular responses to microinjections of protons (pH 6.0 and 6.5), @entity1421 (10-6 and 10-7 M) and their combinations into forearm skin (30 microL) or anterior tibial muscle (50 microL) were assessed in 16 male subjects. @entity158 intensity, axon reflex erythema, and @entity158 thresholds were recorded after skin challenge; @entity158 intensity and thresholds for pressure-evoked @entity158 were recorded after intramuscular injections. Intradermal or intramuscular injections of @entity1421 induced very low levels of @entity158 similar to saline. Administration of low pH caused moderate @entity158 within 5 seconds that declined rapidly over 15 to 20 seconds. In comparison, coinjection of low pH with @entity1421 led to a biphasic profile of the @entity158 response. Combined pH + @entity1421 stimulation provoked significantly increased @entity158 in the second phase after injections (20 to 100 seconds) both in skin and muscle, whereas the initial injection @entity158 was not enhanced. @entity158 thresholds were reduced after @entity1421 and combined pH + @entity1421 , whereas flare responses were rather attenuated on coadministration of low pH with @entity1421 . Intriguingly, when compared with skin, @entity925 was significantly lower in the initial phase (0 to 15 seconds) but significantly higher in the second phase (20 to 100 seconds after injection). PERSPECTIVE: @entity1421 can potentiate nociceptor activation by protons in @entity1 skin and muscle, indicated by increased sustained @entity158 ratings. This can be best explained by @entity13812 sensitization in the presence of @entity1421 , a mechanism potentially relevant for inflammatory and injury-induced @entity158 .

title: Potentiation of nociceptive responses to low pH injections in @entity1 by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'Heat pain', 'pain', 'heat pain']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: PURPOSE: Revision of failed total hip arthroplasty with massive acetabular @entity604 resulting in pelvic discontinuity represents a rare but challenging problem. The objective of this study was to present short to mid-term results of revision total hip arthroplasty with a custom-made acetabular implant in a consecutive series of @entity1 with pelvic discontinuity. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 18 consecutive @entity1 with massive acetabular @entity604 (Paprosky Type 3B) resulting in pelvic discontinuity reconstructed with revision total hip arthroplasty using a custom-made acetabular component. The prosthesis was created on the basis of a thin-cut 1-mm computed tomography (CT) scan of the pelvis. Initial stability of the implant was obtained by screw fixation. Harris hip score and sequential radiographs were used to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results. RESULTS: At an average follow up of 30  months (range 17-62  months) 16 of 18 (88.9  %) custom-made implants were considered radiographically stable without signs of acetabular migration of more than 2  mm in the horizontal or vertical direction, implant rotation or screw breakage. Complications included two @entity281 treated with explantation of the implant. Three @entity1 had recurrent dislocations postoperatively. The mean Harris hip score improved from 28        12 points preoperatively to 69        13 points at the time of last follow up. CONCLUSION: Treatment of acetabular @entity604 and pelvic discontinuity with a custom-made acetabular component can provide a durable solution with good clinical and radiographic results.

title: Management of severe periacetabular XXXX combined with pelvic discontinuity in revision hip arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic joint infections']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of blood component therapy in the correction of @entity130 -induced @entity1003 during @entity548 . BACKGROUND: @entity548 remains a leading cause of mortality in @entity130 . Damage control resuscitation strategies target @entity130 -induced @entity1003 (TIC) with the early delivery of high-dose blood components such as fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelet transfusions. However, the ability of these products to correct TIC during @entity548 and resuscitation is unknown. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of bleeding @entity130 @entity1 at three major @entity130 centers. A blood sample was drawn immediately on arrival and after 4, 8 and 12 packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions. FFP, platelet and cryoprecipitate use was recorded during these intervals. Samples were analyzed for functional coagulation and procoagulant factor levels. RESULTS: One hundred six @entity1 who received at least four PRBC units were included. Thirty-four @entity1 (32  %) required a massive transfusion. On admission 40  % of @entity1 were coagulopathic (ROTEM @entity33341   <=  35  mm). This increased to 58  % after four PRBCs and 81  % after eight PRBCs. On average all functional coagulation parameters and procoagulant factor concentrations deteriorated during @entity548 . There was no clear benefit to high-dose FFP therapy in any parameter. Only combined high-dose FFP, cryoprecipitate and platelet therapy with a high total @entity2002 load appeared to produce a consistent improvement in coagulation. CONCLUSIONS: Damage control resuscitation with standard doses of blood components did not consistently correct @entity130 -induced @entity1003 during @entity548 . There is an important opportunity to improve TIC management during damage control resuscitation.

title: Damage control resuscitation using blood component therapy in standard doses has a limited effect on XXXX during @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Severe hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['coagulopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity5537 /ftorafur (UFT) plus oral @entity4181 (LV) as first-line chemotherapy for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 and salvage chemotherapy with weekly high-dose @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )/LV 24 h infusion. METHODS: Adult @entity1 with no prior chemotherapy for metastatic diseases were enrolled to receive oral UFT 300 mg/m(2)/d plus LV 90 mg/d for 28 days. Treatment was given continuously for 28 days followed by a 7 day rest period from all treatment. For UFT failed @entity1 , weekly 24 h infusion of @entity1487 2600 mg/m(2) plus LV 100 mg/m(2) was used as salvage therapy. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 were enrolled in the study. The objective response rate was 29.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 16.8-45.2%] among the 44 evaluable @entity1 and 25.5% in the intent-to-treat population. The median survival for all 51 @entity1 was 16.6 months. The median time to progression was 5.9 months. @entity294 was the major adverse effect of UFT/LV that made @entity1 reduce dosage. Grade 3 or 4 @entity294 developed in 13.7% of @entity1 . Twenty-six @entity1 were treated with weekly 24 h infusional @entity1487 /LV as salvage therapy and only two @entity1 responded. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that this 28 day schedule of UFT/LV regimen may offer a well-tolerated, full oral treatment option with efficacy that appears comparable to that of intravenous @entity1487 /LV regimens. Parenteral @entity1487 /LV as salvage therapy for UFT refractory @entity1 is not recommended.

title: Oral @entity5537 /ftorafur (UFT) plus @entity4181 as first-line chemotherapy and salvage therapy with weekly high-dose @entity1487 / XXXX for the treatment of metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity1 's growth patterns and estimates of @entity3147 using the WHO standards versus the NCHS reference in China. METHODS: Data originated from China @entity1 nutrition surveillance in 2005, Z-scores and prevalence of @entity3147 were compared between standards. RESULTS: There was substantial difference in Z-scores between standards in rural (P < 0.0001). According to the WHO standards, prevalence of underweight in rural was lower than that of underweight based on the NCHS reference (6.1% . vs. 8.6%, P < 0.0001). Except for @entity1 under 6 months, all age groups underweight rates were lower according to the WHO standards. Prevalence of stunting in rural was higher based on the WHO standards (16.3% . vs. 13.0%, P < 0.0001), prevalences of stunting under 6 months were 2.1 times of that based on NCHS reference. As for wasting, there were no differences between standards, but wasting was substantially higher during the first half of infancy. Overweight rates based on the WHO standards were higher than those based on NCHS reference in urban (6.7% . vs. 5.4%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In comparison with NCHS reference, population estimates of @entity3147 would vary by age, growth indicator based on WHO standards. The WHO standards could provide a better tool to monitor the rapid and changing rate of growth in early infancy, further analysis on existing data was needed.

title: [Analysis of @entity1 's nutritional status based on WHO XXXX growth standard in China].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity703 ( @entity359 ) occurring in the same kidney are rare. The aim of this retrospective study is to investigate the incidence and clinicopathological features of concurrent @entity359 and RCN in @entity1 without @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ). Partial and radical nephrectomy specimens with a diagnosis of RCN and @entity359 from 1995 to May 2013 were reviewed. Cases were assessed for histological subtype of @entity359 and RCN, topographic relationship between the @entity359 and the RCN, and clinical characteristics. A total of 565 RCNs and 19 AMLs were identified. Of 19 cases of @entity359 , 9 (47%) were associated with @entity703 . @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) was the most common @entity5 associated with @entity359 (56%). The mean age of @entity1 with concomitant @entity359 and @entity7575 was higher than the mean age of @entity1 with only @entity359 (58.6 vs 55.5 years). The majority of @entity1 with concomitant @entity359 and RCN were female (78%). All concurrent sporadic AMLs were benign. We identified one case of bilateral clear-cell @entity1358 with concomitant multiple bilateral AMLs in a @entity1 with @entity2916 .

title: Concurrent XXXX in @entity1 Without @entity2916 : A Retrospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex', 'TSC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Synchronous renal cell neoplasms (RCNs) and angiomyolipomas', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Angiomyolipomas and Renal Cell Neoplasms']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity656 ( @entity656 ) is a systemic @entity32 . We aimed to detect whether there was a change of mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ) level on onset and remission @entity1 with biliary and non-biliary acute @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our emergency service @entity1 diagnosed with biliary and nonbiliary @entity656 were analyzed retrospectively. Laboratory results measured in onset and remission were recorded and compared. RESULTS: Total number of @entity1 enrolled in our study was 331 (177 female). 194 cases were classified as biliary and 137 were as non-biliary @entity656 . Average age and numbers of female @entity1 of biliary cases were higher than that of nonbiliary cases. Initial @entity6688 values were lower than remission values in all @entity1 with @entity656 . In biliary group initial @entity6688 was 8.42    1.04 and remission value was 8.71    1.12. In nonbiliary group initial @entity6688 was 8.07    1.02 and remission value was 8.4    1.06. In both groups on onset had lower mean @entity6688 levels than those in remission (P = 0.0001 both of them). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6688 values were higher than initial values in remission period in @entity1 both of groups. @entity6688 was lower in non-biliary @entity656 group than biliary @entity656 group that can be an indicator of early-onset @entity281 .

title: Mean platelet volume in XXXX with biliary and non-biliary acute @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pancreatitis', 'AP']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Immunosuppressive therapy for solid organ transplantation has significantly evolved over the past decade. While these therapies have been found to be beneficial in abdominal organ transplantation, the efficacy of these therapies remains unclear in lung transplantation. We retrospectively compared three potent immunosuppressive regimens in our lung transplant population: Group 1 ( @entity1140 / @entity500 / @entity229 ), Group 2 ( @entity1140 / @entity500 / @entity229 /daclizumab) and Group 3 ( @entity1140 / @entity618 / @entity229 /daclizumab). We compared these three groups with respect to 3-year rates of acute rejection, chronic rejection, infection and survival. A total of 109 @entity1 was followed during the course of this study. There were 32 @entity1 in Group 1, 49 @entity1 in Group 2 and 28 @entity1 in Group 3. Freedom from acute rejection at 1 and 3 years were higher in Group 3 compared with Group 1 (p < 0.05). The overall incidence of infection up to 3 years after transplantation was comparable among all three groups. Freedom from chronic rejection and survival at 1 and 3 years did not differ among the three groups. In conclusion, we determined the safety and efficacy of three potent immunosuppressive regimens in lung transplantation. Addition of daclizumab and @entity2098 to a @entity1140 -based immunosuppressive regimen decreased the incidence of acute rejection episodes without increasing any adverse events in our lung transplantation population.

title: Comparison of three XXXX -based immunosuppressive regimens in lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: @entity11 are the most frequent @entity1313 . Among them, @entity463 are malignant and largely resistant to available treatments. Histopathology is the gold standard for classification and grading of @entity1313 . However, @entity1313 heterogeneity is remarkable and histopathology procedures for @entity11 classification remain unsatisfactory for predicting @entity66 as well as response to treatment. Proteins that tightly associate with @entity5 differentiation and progression, can bear important prognostic information. Here, we describe the identification of protein clusters differentially expressed in high-grade versus low-grade @entity11 . Tissue samples from 25 high-grade @entity5 , 10 low-grade @entity5 and 5 normal brain cortices were analyzed by 2D-PAGE and proteomic profiling by mass spectrometry. This led to identify 48 differentially expressed protein markers between @entity5 and normal samples. Protein clustering by multivariate analyses (PCA and PLS-DA) provided discrimination between pathological samples to an unprecedented extent, and revealed a unique network of deranged proteins. We discovered a novel @entity463 control module centered on four major network hubs: @entity2034 , @entity5907 , @entity517  . Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and unbiased proteome-wide meta-analysis revealed altered expression of this @entity463 control module in @entity1 @entity11 samples as compared with normal controls. Moreover, the four-hub network was found to cross-talk with both @entity876 and @entity470 pathways. In summary, the findings of this study indicate the existence of a unifying signaling module controlling @entity463 pathogenesis and malignant progression, and suggest novel targets for development of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

title: A unique four-hub protein cluster associates to XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease course']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Gliomas', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity64 is common in tropical country like India especially during the summer season. We report an unusual case of @entity1188 due to @entity64 . A middle-aged @entity1 developed @entity590 (42.2  C) after strenuous fieldwork in a hot summer day. Next morning, he was found in altered sensorium. The brain imaging showed acute posteromedial midbrain and @entity1188 . A diagnosis of acute @entity385 due to @entity64 was made, and the @entity1 was put under the intensive care unit. Two weeks later, the @entity1 became conscious, but had slurred speech and incoordination in all the 4 limbs. Six months after rehabilitation, the @entity1 still have scanning speech and @entity2055 . Acute @entity385 worsened the prognosis in our @entity1 . @entity1188 is a very rare neurologic manifestation of @entity64 . This case report emphasizes the importance of suspecting @entity1188 in @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Acute XXXX due to @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['heat stroke', 'Heat stroke']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar infarcts', 'acute vertebrobasilar territory infarcts', 'acute infarct', 'Acute infarct']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpyrexia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['limb ataxia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Vertebrobasilar Territory Infarcts']


abstract: Lifespan regulation by mitochondrial proteins has been well described, however, the mechanism of this regulation is not fully understood. Amongst the mitochondrial proteins profoundly affecting ageing are prohibitins ( @entity64774 and @entity64775 ). Paradoxically, in @entity2199 prohibitin depletion shortens the lifespan of wild type animals while dramatically extending that of metabolically compromised animals, such as @entity7625 -insulin-receptor mutants. Here we show that amongst the three kinases known to act downstream of @entity7625 , only loss of function of @entity60776 recapitulates the ageing phenotype observed in @entity7625 mutants upon prohibitin depletion. Interestingly, signalling through @entity60776 receives input from an additional pathway, parallel to @entity7625 , for the prohibitin-mediated lifespan phenotype. We investigated the effect of prohibitin depletion on the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Remarkably, the lifespan extension upon prohibitin elimination, of both @entity7625 and @entity60776 mutants, is accompanied by suppression of the UPRmt induced by lack of prohibitin. On the contrary, gain of function of @entity60776 results in further shortening of lifespan and a further increase of the UPRmt in prohibitin depleted animals. Moreover, @entity60776 interacts with @entity64776 for the regulation of the UPRmt in a parallel pathway to @entity7625 . Interestingly, prohibitin depletion in @entity64776 loss of function mutant animals also causes lifespan extension. Finally, we reveal an unprecedented role for @entity15025 - @entity60776 in the regulation of mitochodrial homeostasis. Together, these results give further insight into the mechanism of lifespan regulation by mitochondrial function and reveal a cross-talk of mitochondria with two key pathways, Insulin/IGF and @entity15025 , for the regulation of ageing and stress response.

title: Prohibitin-Mediated Lifespan and Mitochondrial Stress Implicate @entity60776 and @entity15025 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['C. elegans']


abstract: PURPOSE: The option of nephron sparing surgery for unilateral @entity3969 has been debated in the recent literature. This procedure is being used increasingly to preserve kidney tissue and function. However, nephron sparing surgery is feasible only for selected cases, and a higher local relapse rate has been observed. Moreover, a significant reduction of nephrons is associated with development of  @entity4815 and progressive @entity177 . We analyzed outcomes after  bilateral partial nephrectomy and unilateral partial plus contralateral total nephrectomy in @entity1 with bilateral @entity3969 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from the Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology database on 22 @entity1 with bilateral @entity3969 . Kidney size was measured using volumetric analysis of magnetic resonance imaging. @entity1 were matched with @entity1 who had an undergone magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen for other @entity5 . RESULTS: Mean kidney volumes after unilateral partial plus total contralateral nephrectomy (66.9 cm(3)) were significantly greater than the reference kidneys (p  = 0.028), whereas controls were equal to the bilateral partial nephrectomy group (49.7 cm(3), p = 0.959). Total kidney volume was significantly larger after bilateral partial nephrectomy (102.1 cm(3)) vs unilateral partial plus total contralateral nephrectomy (66.9 cm(3), p = 0.0338). Eight @entity1 (66.7%) had @entity4815 after unilateral partial plus total contralateral nephrectomy but only 2 (20%) after bilateral partial nephrectomy (p = 0.043). Overall survival and relapse rates were equal between the groups and did not correlate with unfavorable histology. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that @entity1 with bilateral @entity3969 benefit from bilateral nephron sparing surgery. @entity101 is less common after bilateral partial nephrectomy, and rates of local relapse or disease associated @entity204 are distributed equally between the groups.

title: Development of XXXX is Less Frequent after Bilateral Nephron Sparing Surgery for @entity3969 in a Long-Term Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4815 :: ('MESH:D006977', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) stimulates the growth and differentiation of @entity1 hematopoietic progenitor cells by activating transcription of specific genes. The mechanism by which binding of @entity2841 to its receptor stimulates gene expression remains unknown. To examine this process in more detail, we have transfected @entity1 @entity1778 cells U937 with a plasmid containing an @entity1639 enhancer element and a @entity2755 acetyltransferase recorder gene and treated them with @entity2841 . We find that @entity2841 stimulates a 2-3-fold increase in @entity2755 acetyltransferase activity over a concentration range 1-1,000 units/ml. Northern and Western blot analysis demonstrates that the mechanism by which @entity2841 stimulates @entity1639 enhancer activity involves increases in @entity1178 and @entity1639 mRNA levels, and increases in @entity1178 protein. In a similar fashion the treatment of normal @entity1 monocytes with @entity2841 also induced increases in total cellular @entity1178 . Because protein kinase C plays a crucial role in activating @entity1178 transcription we examined the role of this enzyme in mediating the effects of @entity2841 . Treatment of U937 cells with inhibitors of protein kinase C including staurosporine 10 nM and H-7 50 microM, or down-regulation of protein kinase C by @entity4621 pretreatment blocks the induction of @entity1178 by @entity2841 . However, HA which does not block protein kinase C had no effect on @entity2841 stimulation of @entity1178 RNA levels. In addition, @entity2841 treatment causes the rapid translocation of protein kinase C to the particulate fraction which was maximal by 5 min and returned to base line by 80 min. These data suggest that the binding of @entity2841 to its receptor stimulates increases in @entity1178 mRNA and protein and activates @entity1639 enhancer activity. These effects may be at least in part mediated by activation of protein kinase C.

title: Regulation of @entity1178 expression and XXXX enhancer activity by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['monocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor']

answer: @entity1639 :: (2353,Gene) :: ['AP-1']


abstract: With the intention of starting an international protocol between Italy and Scandinavia on neoadjuvant treatment of @entity421 using the four active drugs at maximum doses ( @entity632 75 mg/m2 pre-operatively, and 90 mg/m2 post-operatively, @entity900 120 mg/m2, @entity1499 12 g/m2, and @entity1260 15 g/m2), a single center (the Rizzoli institute) performed a pilot study to closely monitor @entity137 , safety, and @entity5 @entity39 . Only 7 @entity1 (10%) had a reduced number of the scheduled cycles. A total of 1,050 of the expected 1,076 cycles (98%) were administered. Delays and dose reduction were minimal, leading to a mean received dose intensity of 89%. Limb salvage surgery was performed in 59 cases (87%), with 6 amputations and 3 rotation plasties. Chemotherapy-induced @entity39 higher than 95% was observed in 38 @entity1 (56%). Eleven @entity1 had total @entity39 (16%). At a median follow-up of 60 months (range 50-65 months), 53 @entity1 (73%) were continuously disease-free. Six of the relapsed @entity1 were rescued with further treatments leading to an overall survival of 87%. @entity1503 was remarkable despite the use of @entity1261 and hospitalization due to @entity1398 occurred in 25 @entity1 (37%). Platelet transfusions were required in 77 of the 194 episodes of grade 4 @entity882 , but no case of major @entity548 was observed. Red blood cell transfusions were necessary in all @entity1 (in 15 cases perioperatively only). Non-hematological @entity137 comprised grade 1-2 nephrotoxicity in 3 cases, CNS @entity137 in 2 cases, and dilata- tive @entity13675 leading to heart transplantation in 1 case. In conclusion, the pilot study was feasible in the vast majority of cases with @entity137 not superior to that of the previous protocols where chemotherapy was given in lower doses. The rate of limb salvage procedures, event-free survival and overall survival seemed to be higher than in previous protocols. On the basis of this study, in March 1997 the Italian and Scandinavian @entity242 Groups started a new protocol for @entity421 of the extremities.

title: High dose XXXX in combination with high dose @entity1499 , @entity632 and @entity900 in the neoadjuvant treatment of @entity421 : preliminary results of an @entity242 Group/Scandinavian @entity242 Group pilot study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['extremity osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: Some @entity1 who have sustained @entity7125 present with chronic @entity158 and mechanical @entity1931 . This single-blind, case control matched study of 43 chronic @entity7125 @entity1 sought to examine psychophysical responses to non-noxious stimuli and their relationship to psychological profiles. Symptom Check List 90-R (SCL-90-R), Neck Disability Index and Shortform McGill Questionnaire were completed prior to testing. Qualitative stimuli comprised light touch, punctate pressure, moderate heat and cold. Additionally, sustained vibration was administered using a vibrameter which allowed ramping of either frequency or amplitude. Twenty-eight @entity1 reported vibration-induced @entity158 . No control subject experienced @entity158 in response to vibration. No significant differences in perception threshold to vibration were noted between @entity1 and control group. Twenty-three @entity1 and ten control subjects reported @entity158 responses to cold. Eleven @entity1 and nine control subjects experienced @entity158 in response to moderate heat. Four @entity1 rated punctate pressure and one @entity1 rated light touch as @entity158 . SCL-90-R profiles revealed an overall elevated level of distress in the @entity7125 group. No significant difference was found between @entity1 with and without vibration-induced @entity158 for any dimension of the SCL-90-R. @entity158 in response to non-noxious stimulation over presumably healthy tissues suggests that central mechanisms are responsible for ongoing @entity158 in at least some @entity7125 @entity1 . The additional findings of @entity158 on punctate pressure and @entity1931 responses to heat and cold stimuli are consistent with enhanced central responsiveness to nociceptor input. These results have important therapeutic and prognostic implications.

title: The late XXXX : a psychophysical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash', 'whiplash injuries']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'widespread pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash syndrome']


abstract: 1. Biochemical mechanisms of ischaemia were investigated in @entity95 skin flaps subjected to 2 h of primary ischaemia then, 24 h later, to 4 h of secondary ischaemia. During secondary ischaemia, flaps underwent either total ischaemia (arterial and venous blood supply occluded) or partial ischaemia (vein only occluded). Some of these flaps were treated at the time of reperfusion with the free-radical scavenger @entity224 dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and/or the @entity2871 synthetase inhibitor UK-38,485. 2. After 30 min of reperfusion, @entity224 dismutase treatment significantly reduced blood @entity2871 levels, elevated during ischaemia. @entity224 dismutase also reduced tissue levels of @entity1234 and @entity3624 oxidase, indicators of free-radical damage, and restored the depleted tissue levels of @entity224 dismutase. 3. UK-38,485 treatment failed to significantly alter any of these tissue free-radical parameters, although this agent significantly reduced blood @entity2871 levels. 4. Combined @entity224 dismutase plus UK-38,485 treatment was not significantly better than either treatment alone with respect to any parameter. 5. Partial ischaemia led to consistently higher levels of tissue free radicals and blood @entity2871 than did total ischaemia. Thus partial ischaemia appears to result in greater free-radical damage than total ischaemia. 6. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity2871 acts as a mediator for free-radical damage in the ischaemic changes within the flap.

title: Secondary ischaemia in @entity95 skin flaps: the roles played by XXXX and free radicals.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonyldialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: 1. The intramuscular @entity26 partial pressure ( @entity4095 ) in @entity1 gastrocnemius muscle was monitored during exercise and compared with metabolite concentrations reflecting the energy and the redox state in the tissue. Ten normal subjects and ten @entity1 with peripheral @entity432 were investigated. 2. In normal subjects the @entity4095 at the end of exercise was related to the intensity of the exercise, expressed as effect (J/s) per contraction. 3. In both @entity1 and normal subject the @entity4095 was related to the [ @entity855 ]/[ @entity857 ] ratio, the [ @entity880 /[ @entity2388 ] ratio and the @entity1734 concentration in the muscle tissue at rest and during exercise. 4. At each @entity4095 value, a lower [lactate/[ @entity2388 ] ratio was found in the muscle tissue of the @entity1 compared with that of normal subjects. This was interpreted as a beneficial effect of the higher oxidative-enzyme capacity in the muscle of the @entity1 . 5. The results show the importance of @entity4095 for the regulation of the energy and the redox state of the tissue. During exercise the changes induced in @entity4095 and thus the energy state will stimulate the respiratory rate. This might be an important link in triggering the oxidative-enzyme capacity in response to physical training as well as in peripheral @entity432 .

title: Energy metabolism in relation to XXXX partial pressure in @entity1 skeletal muscle during exercise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusive disease']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity2650 is the second most common @entity600 , affecting 1 of every 300 males. The abnormal position of the urinary opening, and associated downward curvature of the penis in some cases, potentially impact both urinary and sexual function. Modern surgical correction most often involves tubularization of the urethral plate, those tissues which normally should have completed urethral development. This article discusses recent progress in @entity2650 repair. Prospective data collection in consecutive @entity1 promotes better understanding of both @entity1 and technical factors that influence surgical complications. @entity1 with a proximal urinary opening near or within the scrotum, those failing prior to repairs, and/or those with a small glans diameter have increased likelihood for urethroplasty complications. Quality review of reliable data led to two layer urethroplasty covered with tunica vaginalis in proximal repairs, significantly reducing postoperative @entity292 . Neither preoperative androgens used to grow a small diameter glans, nor a change in sutures used to approximate the glans wings reduced wound dehiscence, but a recent technical modification of the glansplasty with more extensive dissection before suturing has. The observation that reoperation increases risk for further complications three-fold suggests the less common proximal repairs and reoperations should be subspecialized so that designated surgeons can gain greater expertise. In addition, surgeons performing @entity2650 repair must better define the complications that occur so that scientific reporting of outcomes becomes more standardized. Standardized objective means to assess results are also needed so that surgeons performing different repairs can compare outcomes.

title: Recent advances in understanding/management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['Hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth anomaly']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: Experimental investigations have not fully explored the interaction between ultrasound beams and microbubble contrast agents. Moreover theoretical investigations have not solved the problem of the microbubble oscillation. A simple in-vitro system based on a commercial scanner (ATL UM9) was used to insonate (3 MHz transmission) diluted contrast suspensions of Definity and Quantison at different acoustic pressures (0.27-1.52 MPa). The experimental data were referred to a blood mimicking fluid in order to extract an estimate of their scattering cross-section. The results were compared with the solutions of the three main @entity12752 models, Rayleigh-Plesset, Herring and Gilmore. Non-linear solutions of the above models were produced numerically using the Mathematica Package Software. The experiments showed that both agents provided a linear increase in scattering cross-section with increasing acoustic pressure. The thick shelled Quantison provided an increasing number of scatterers with increasing acoustic pressure, which proved that free bubbles leaked out of the shell. At high acoustic pressures both Quantison and Definity scattering cross-sections were almost identical, and were probably that of a free bubble. The Rayleigh-Plesset model provided a scattering cross-section almost independent of acoustic pressure. On the contrary the scattering cross-sections calculated by the Herring and Gilmore models solutions displayed a definite @entity734 on acoustic pressure of an order higher than one, which is slightly higher than the order of @entity734 exhibited by the experimental data. However, the increase of the experimentally measured scattering cross-section with acoustic pressure was sharper than the calculated one by the above two models. This is most probably due to the fact that the models simulated damped and not free @entity12752 . In conclusion the Rayleigh-Plesset model was inadequate in describing the @entity12752 even at small diagnostic acoustic pressures. The Herring and Gilmore models could simulate the @entity734 of the scattering cross-section of encapsulated microbubbles on acoustic pressure. However the contribution of free @entity12752 has still to be modelled.

title: The XXXX of ultrasound contrast agents backscatter on acoustic pressure: theory versus experiment.

entities_list: @entity12752 :: ('MESH:C531816', 'Disease') :: ['bubble oscillations', 'bubble oscillatidn']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: PURPOSE: To formulate uncertainty-based stopping criteria for Monte Carlo (MC) calculations of intensity-modulated radiotherapy and intensity-modulated arc therapy @entity1 dose distributions and evaluate their influence on MC simulation times and dose characteristics. METHODS AND MATERIALS: For each structure of interest, stopping criteria were formulated as follows: sigma(rel) <or=sigma(rel,tol) or Dsigma(rel) <or=D(lim)sigma(rel,tol) within >or=95% of the voxels, where sigma(rel) represents the relative statistical uncertainty on the estimated dose, D. The tolerated uncertainty (sigma(rel,tol)) was 2%. The dose limit (D(lim)) equaled the planning target volume ( @entity343 ) prescription dose or a dose value related to the organ at risk (OAR) planning constraints. An intensity-modulated radiotherapy-lung, intensity-modulated radiotherapy-ethmoid sinus, and intensity-modulated arc therapy-rectum @entity1 case were studied. The @entity343 -stopping criteria-based calculations were compared with the @entity343 +OAR-stopping criteria-based calculations. RESULTS: The MC dose distributions complied with the @entity343 -stopping criteria after 14% (lung), 21% (ethmoid), and 12% (rectum) of the simulation times of a 100 million histories reference calculation, and increased to 29%, 44%, and 51%, respectively, by the addition of the OAR-stopping criteria. Dose-volume histograms corresponding to the @entity343 -stopping criteria, @entity343 +OAR-stopping criteria, and reference dose calculations were indiscernible. The median local dose differences between the @entity343 -stopping criteria and the reference calculations amounted to 1.4% (lung), 2.1% (ethmoid), and 2.5% (rectum). CONCLUSIONS: For the @entity1 cases studied, the MC calculations using @entity343 -stopping criteria only allowed accurate treatment plan evaluation. The proposed stopping criteria provided a flexible tool to assist MC @entity1 dose calculations. The structures of interest and appropriate values of sigma(rel,tol) and D(lim) should be selected for each @entity1 individually according to the clinical treatment planning goals.

title: Evaluation of uncertainty-based stopping criteria for monte carlo calculations of intensity-modulated radiotherapy and arc therapy XXXX dose distributions.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 104 Background: Care coordination among oncology and primary care physicians (PCPs) is an essential element of survivorship care. Providers at an NCI-designated comprehensive @entity5 center noted gaps in coordinating care with PCPs. We sought to develop a program that enhances communication and education between provider groups to ensure a seamless continuum of care thereby improving overall survivorship care. METHODS: The Fox Chase Cancer Center (FCCC) Care Connect program was created to comprehensively connect PCPs in the regional service area with @entity5 center providers. Program participation requirements for @entity4426 's include attendance at 2 of 4 targeted professional education programs and participation in quality measures for breast, cervical, and @entity694 screening. Formalized processes to efficiently move @entity1 between oncologists and @entity4426 's were established. Communication gaps were addressed by providing electronic access via a secure physician portal, access to FCCC disease navigation services, and establishment of designated referral navigators to coordinate clinical needs between provider groups. RESULTS: FCCC initiated the Care Connect program with 5 @entity4426 practices. During a 3 month pilot phase, FCCC directed 19 @entity1 to Care Connect @entity4426 's to manage ongoing clinical needs and implement survivorship plans. Eight-six percent of referrals were classified as non-urgent. Median time from referral to @entity4426 appointment was 16 days, 24% below regional average. One CME education program was conducted during the pilot phase. Of the attendees, 91% reported an intent to change current practice by implementing a new procedure, discussing new information or seek additional information. Attendees identified potential care barriers which will be included in future program development. Post-education, one practice referred 3 @entity1 to the @entity2 screening program. CONCLUSIONS: A formal program that aligns PCPs and oncologists is an effective initiative to improve communication and awareness of @entity5 @entity1 survivorship needs in oncology and primary care settings.

title: Enhancing XXXX survivorship through improved provider communication, care coordination, and professional education.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blunt @entity397 (BDR) is a rare event and represents a diagnostic challenge. The purpose of our study was to review our experience with BDR at the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Sunnybrook), the largest @entity130 centre in Canada, and to highlight recent changes in the diagnosis and management of the condition. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of @entity1 with BDR who were admitted to Sunnybrook between January 1986 and December 2003 using our @entity130 registry. We performed Student t and Fisher exact tests to compare our findings on @entity1 with BDR with those on the entire cohort of blunt @entity130 @entity1 admitted to our centre. RESULTS: Most @entity1 with BDR were @entity1 (64.4%) with a mean age of 42 years. Left-sided tears were most common (65.0%). @entity1 with BDR had a very high Injury Severity Score (38) and very high mortality (28.8%). Of those who were injured as a result of motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), a significantly greater percentage of @entity1 in the BDR group than in the entire cohort of blunt @entity130 @entity1 were drivers or front-seat passengers. @entity1 with BDR were also significantly less likely to be pedestrians, to have experienced a fall or to be involved in a motorcycle collision. @entity1 with BDR had a higher chest, abdomen, pelvis and extremity Abbreviated Injury Scale score than all blunt @entity130 @entity1 in general. Most of our @entity1 underwent laparotomy (93.3%). The most common causes of @entity204 among @entity1 with BDR were @entity542 (25.0%), @entity548 (23.3%) and @entity548 (18.3%). CONCLUSION: Blunt @entity397 is rare and difficult to diagnose; however, certain MVC characteristics along with severe associated @entity130 should raise the index of suspicion. These associated @entity130 include @entity542 , chest (including the aorta), abdomen and pelvis. Computed tomographic angiography is essential to rule out associated @entity130 and to increase the diagnostic accuracy of BDR.

title: Update on managing @entity397 in blunt XXXX : a review of 208 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal bleeding', 'pelvic hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to the head', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic rupture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'aortic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: We presented a novel experimental @entity439 model for studies in left ventricular (LV) reconstruction techniques and assessed LV function. In eight @entity1707 , the LV radius and geometry were enlarged surgically on the beating heart by inserting an aortic allograft construct. Haemodynamics and LV dimensions were assessed by echocardiography at baseline and under @entity452 stress. Surgery was successfully performed without lethal @entity190 or @entity943 . @entity998 areas increased from 13.0    1.7 to 17.0    4.3 cm(2) (P = 0.001) and from 4.0    0.9 to 13.0    2.6 cm(2) (P = 0.001), respectively. @entity64 volume decreased from 56    11 to 33    16 ml (P = 0.001). Incremental @entity452 infusion concurred with a biphasic response on fractional area shortening. @entity339 ranging from grades 2 to 4 was observed. In the @entity1707 , a novel, reproducible @entity439 model for @entity299 was created on the beating heart. Innovative (surgical) strategies for (staged) reconfiguration of the ventricle, e.g. adjustable Dor procedures and stepwise volume restraining cardiac support devices, can be tested for efficacy using this acute model.

title: Surgical left ventricular radius enlargement by patch insertion on the beating heart: a new experimental XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral valve insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['LV end-diastolic and end-systolic short-axis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['acute cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: Although guidelines exist for @entity428 ( @entity428 )-guided treatment after @entity542 , no conclusive data exist that support routine @entity428 monitoring. A retrospective case series was reviewed of all @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of blunt @entity542 between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2004. None of the @entity1 in the final analysis had @entity428 monitoring. Data collected included age, sex, mechanism of injury, Glasgow @entity772 Score (GCS) at admission, injury severity score, disposition, and length of stay. One hundred thirty-one @entity1 with a median age of 41 years were included. There were 104 @entity1 (79%). The median GCS at admission was 12. There were 22 deaths (17% mortality). Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified older age, higher injury severity score, and lower GCS to be predictors of @entity204 . The mortality rate was higher in @entity1 with GCS < or =8 compared with GCS >8 (33% vs 8%, respectively; P < 0.001). Ten of 23 @entity1 with a GCS of 3 died (43% mortality). The median time to @entity204 for @entity1 with a GCS of 3 was 2 days. Although the @entity131 Foundation has published guidelines advocating routine @entity428 monitoring, no large randomized prospective studies are available to determine its effect on outcome. None of the @entity1 in this study had @entity428 monitoring. Our overall survival rate of 83 per cent is relatively high. @entity1 with a low GCS and, specifically, those with a GCS of 3 may not benefit from @entity428 monitoring because of early and irreversible @entity130 . Variability in the use of @entity428 monitoring will remain until @entity428 monitoring can be conclusively proven to improve outcome.

title: Outcomes of blunt @entity542 without XXXX monitoring.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Trauma']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['intracranial pressure']


abstract: A total of 51 fully evaluable @entity1 with advanced and intensively pretreated @entity0 were treated with a combination chemotherapy of @entity1260 plus mesna, @entity1499 and @entity1487 . All @entity1 had received at least one series of combined chemotherapy, 30 @entity1 had received more than one combination and 41 @entity1 had had anthracyclines before. @entity3 in more than one site were found in 42 @entity1 , and 24 @entity1 had metastatic @entity409 . Partial remission was achieved in 10 @entity1 (20%) and no change in 16 @entity1 (31%). Survival was almost identical in both groups of responding @entity1 and significantly shorter in treatment failures. Response was favorable in @entity1 without pretreatment with @entity8253 . Two @entity1 who received this protocol directly after progression with @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 (CMF protocol) responded with a partial remission. Median time to progression was 7 months for partial responders and 4.5 months for @entity1 achieving a no-change status. Median survival was 8 months for all @entity1 . @entity137 was tolerable. @entity1431 and @entity882 were treatment-limiting parameters. Overall, this protocol is well tolerable and effective in @entity0 @entity1 with @entity1442 and in intensively pretreated @entity1 .

title: @entity1260 , @entity1499 and XXXX for pretreated @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oxidative stress and the production of reactive @entity26 radicals play a key role in neuronal cell damage. This paper describes an in vitro study that explores the neuronal responses to oxidative stress focusing on changes in neuronal excitability and functional membrane properties. This study was carried out in pyramidal cells of the motor cortex by applying whole-cell patch-clamp techniques on brain slices from young adult @entity35 . @entity26 -derived free radical formation was induced by bath application of 10 M @entity2470 (CH) for 30min. CH produced marked changes in the electrophysiological properties of neurons (n=30). Resting membrane potential became progressively depolarized, as well as depolarization voltage, with no variations in voltage threshold. Membrane resistance showed a biphasic behavior, increasing after 5min of drug exposure and then it started to decrease, even under control values, after 15 and 30min. At the same time, changes in membrane resistance produced compensatory variations in the rheobase. The amplitude of the action potentials diminished and the duration increased progressively over time. Some of the neurons under study also lost their ability to discharge action potentials in a repetitive way. Most of the neurons, however, kept their repetitive discharge even though their maximum frequency and gain decreased. Furthermore, cancelation of the repetitive firing discharge took place at intensities that decreased with time of exposure to CH, which resulted in a narrower working range. We can conclude that oxidative stress compromises both neuronal excitability and the capability of generating action potentials, and so this type of neuronal functional failure could precede the neuronal death characteristics of many @entity179 .

title: Oxidative stress induced by XXXX evokes changes in neuronal excitability of @entity35 motor cortex neurons.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity2470 :: ('MESH:C007164', 'Chemical') :: ['cumene hydroperoxide']

answer: @entity2470 :: (MESH:C007164,Chemical) :: ['cumene hydroperoxide']


abstract: AIM: The long-term results of @entity309 are unsatisfactory despite the mono or combination therapy of conventional "disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs". Therefore in the recent past the administration of a combination of @entity1499 with @entity6963 takes place more frequently. To what extent the perioperative @entity281 rate is influenced by the individual immune-modulating drugs, is still disputed and should quantified on the basis the @entity627 orthopaedic @entity1 collective of an orthopaedic university clinic. METHOD: The clinical progresses of @entity1 after operative treatment in the orthopaedic hospital, since introduction of the @entity6963 , were evaluated with regard to perioperative @entity281 . RESULTS: Of 16 @entity1 , who were observed during a period of 1,5 years under a combination therapy by @entity1500 / @entity6963 , three exhibited a heavy @entity85 . CONCLUSION: The combination of the two above mentioned drugs affects different pathophysiological processes. Synergistic effects in therapy but also with regard to side effects must be expected. First available reports on this combination therapy do not refer to a increased @entity281 /risk. The observation of three serious infections under the combination @entity1500 / @entity6963 prompted us to call attention to this risk. In particular with @entity281 -susceptible bone-surgical operations such a combination of immune-modulating medicines should be employed with caution. The recent literature is discussed.

title: [ @entity85 with chronic polyarthritis during a combination therapy with @entity1499 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['Leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['infection of the musculoskeletal system']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity6963 :: (MESH:C045463,Chemical) :: ['Leflunomide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cardiac resistance to @entity2135 occurs in @entity6 and is attributed to @entity299 in @entity6 . However, the mechanism of action responsible for cardiac @entity2135 resistance is still unknown. This study was designed to examine the impact of high @entity413 on @entity2135 -induced contractile response and activation of @entity563 - @entity1889 kinase @entity2308 as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( @entity2508 ) in cardiac myocytes. METHODS: Isolated adult @entity35 ventricular myocytes were cultured for 12-18 h in a serum-free medium containing either normal (NG, 5.5 mM) or high (HG, 25.5 mM) @entity413 . Mechanical properties were evaluated using an IonOptix MyoCam system. Myocytes were electrically stimulated at 0.5 Hz and contractile properties analyzed included peak shortening (PS), time-to-PS (TPS) and time-to-90% relengthening (TR(90)). Intracellular @entity141 -induced @entity141 release was measured as @entity593 fluorescence intensity change (DeltaFFI). Protein levels of total and phosphorylated @entity2308 and @entity2508 , indicators of @entity2308 and @entity2508 activation, @entity2135 receptors (pro- @entity7814 and IGF-1Ralpha) as well as the @entity413 transporter @entity19617 were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS: @entity2135 (10(-10)-10(-6) M) elicited a dose-dependent increase in PS and DeltaFFI in myocytes maintained in NG medium. However, @entity2135 induced a negative response on PS and DeltaFFI in HG myocytes. The @entity2135 -induced responses in NG or HG myocytes were blunted by the @entity7814 antagonist @entity63370 . Western blot analysis revealed that IGF-1Ralpha but not pro- @entity7814 was reduced in HG myocytes. While @entity2135 (10(-6) M) upregulated total @entity2308 protein levels in both NG and HG myocytes, it only induced a significant activation of @entity2308 in NG but not HG myocytes. @entity2135 elicited comparable @entity2508 activation in both NG and HG myocytes. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the cardiac @entity2135 resistance in @entity6 is likely attributed, at least in part, to reduced @entity7814 and attenuated @entity2135 -induced @entity2308 phosphorylation under elevated extracellular @entity413 .

title: High XXXX induces @entity299 factor I resistance in ventricular myocytes: role of @entity2308 and ERK activation.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extensive native @entity21521 . (Jatropha) crop areas have been planted in Central America marginal lands since 2008 as a non-edible prospective feedstock alternative to high-value, edible palm oil. Jatropha biodiesel is currently exclusively produced in the region at commercial scale utilizing alkaline catalysts. Recently, a free, soluble Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL) 1,3 specific @entity67545 has shown promise as biocatalyst, reportedly yielding up to 96  % ASTM D6751 compliant biodiesel after 24  h transesterification of @entity1460 , canola oils and other feedstocks. Biodiesel conversion rate and quality of enzymatically catalyzed transesterification of Jatropha oil was evaluated. Two lipases: free, soluble TL and immobilized @entity6923 ( @entity6923 ) catalyzed methanolic transesterification of crude Jatropha and refined palm oil. RESULTS: Jatropha yields were similar to palm biodiesel with @entity6674 as catalyst. After 24  h transesterification, Jatropha (81  %) and palm oil (86  %) biodiesel yields with TL as catalyst were significantly higher than @entity6923 (<70  %) but inferior to @entity6674 (>90  %). Enzymatic catalysts (TL and @entity6923 ) produced Jatropha biodiesel with optimum flow properties but did not complied with ASTM D6751 stability parameters (free @entity844 content and oil stability index). CONCLUSIONS: Biodiesel production with filtered, degummed, low FFA Jatropha oil using a free liquid @entity67545 (TL) as catalyst showed higher yielding potential than immobilized @entity6923 @entity67545 as substitute of RBD palm oil with alkaline catalyst. However, Jatropha enzymatic biodiesel yield and stability were inferior to alkaline catalyzed biodiesel and not in compliance with international quality standards. Lower quality due to incomplete alcoholysis and esterification, potential added costs due to need of more than 24  h to achieve comparable biodiesel yields and extra post-transesterification refining reactions are among the remaining drawbacks for the environmentally friendlier enzymatic catalysis of crude Jatropha oil to become an economically viable alternative to chemical catalysis.

title: @entity67545 -catalyzed biodiesel production and quality with XXXX oil: exploring its potential for Central America.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'Candida antarctica']

entities_list: @entity21521 :: ('180498', 'Species') :: ['Jatropha curcas L']

answer: @entity21521 :: (180498,Species) :: ['Jatropha curcas']


abstract: @entity1522 stimulate protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by accelerating translation initiation. In the two studies described herein, we examined mechanisms by which @entity1522 regulate translation initiation in perfused skeletal muscle hindlimb preparation of @entity35 . In the first study, the effects of supraphysiological @entity535 concentrations on @entity64754 were compared with physiological concentrations of @entity1522 . @entity535 supplementation stimulated protein synthesis twofold. No changes were observed in @entity31635 activity, in the amount of @entity3801 associated with the @entity3801 -binding protein ( @entity28888 ), or in the phosphorylation of @entity28888 . The abundance of @entity3801 bound to @entity44031 and the extent of phosphorylation of @entity3801 were increased by 800 and 20%, respectively. In the second study, we examined the effect of removing @entity368 on translation initiation when all other @entity1522 were maintained at supraphysiological concentrations. Removal of @entity368 from the perfusate decreased the rate of protein synthesis by 40%. The inhibition of protein synthesis was associated with a 40% decrease in @entity31635 activity and an 80% fall in the abundance of @entity3801 . @entity44031 complex. The fall in @entity44031 binding to @entity3801 was associated with increased @entity28888 bound to @entity3801 and a reduced phosphorylation of @entity28888 . In contrast, the extent of phosphorylation of @entity3801 was unaffected. We conclude that formation of the active @entity3801 . @entity44031 complex controls protein synthesis in skeletal muscle when the @entity535 concentration is above the physiological range, whereas removal of @entity368 reduces protein synthesis through changes in both @entity31635 and @entity3801 .

title: XXXX -induced stimulation of translation initiation in @entity35 skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acids', 'amino acids']

entities_list: @entity64754 :: ('117019;117045', 'Gene') :: ['eukaryotic initiation factors (eIF) 2B and 4E']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['Amino acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7559 Background: @entity2841 leads to dendritic cell priming and activation, and also increases @entity3647 expression on T-lymphocytes. @entity1199 creates LAK cells and TIL cells. Therefore, it was compelling to combine these 2 agents, each with a different function but a complimentary action. METHODS: This is an open label, single arm study. 16 @entity1 participated and underwent potentially curative surgery. Post-operatively, each @entity1 received @entity2841 : 125 gm/m(2)/day, sc *14 days; followed by @entity1199 : 9 million IU/m(2)/day, sc *4 days, then 10 -12 days of no treatment. This cycle was repeated once/month for 6 months, i.e., 6 cycles. In addition, @entity1 with large @entity5 received autologous @entity320 vaccine. All the @entity1 were observed, and in the event of recurrence or @entity3 , the @entity1 was evaluated for resection and was re-treated on the same program. RESULTS: The @entity1 population consisted of: 8 @entity1 with T3b-T4b primary @entity320 . The remaining 8 @entity1 had @entity3 to regional @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ), iliac @entity1600    intransit @entity3 , and resected distant @entity3 . 6 @entity1 had large enough @entity5 that yielded sufficient @entity5 cells and received autologous @entity5 vaccine with the biotherapy. This program was well tolerated with minimal complaints, and good @entity1 compliance. 9 @entity1 developed WBC >20,000/cmm with a high eosinophil count. 2 @entity1 developed subcutaneous nodules away from any site of @entity2841 or @entity1199 injections. Pathology proved these to be @entity1600 packed with T lymphocytes and a few foci of b cells. Fifteen @entity1 are alive free of disease (including 2 who were re-treated) after 6-26 months of follow-up (median 14). CONCLUSIONS: 1. In an attempt to intensify this therapy without increasing the dosage (because of the leucocytosis) we plan to extend this treatment to one year. 2. It seems that surgical resection of recurrences and @entity3 followed by Biotherapy or Bio-Immunotherapy can be an effective approach in the management of this disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: XXXX ( @entity2841 ) _ @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) combination as adjuvant therapy in @entity320 . Early results of a phase II clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor']


abstract: Although liver resection is the accepted treatment for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 to the liver, there remains some controversy as to the criteria for @entity1 selection and its impact on the recurrent disease following the operation. One hundred and sixteen @entity1 underwent liver resection for metastaic @entity14 over the last 23 years at our institution. The actual survival was 50.5% at 5 years, and 38.6% at 10 years, excluding the 30-day operative mortality rate of 1.7%. Positive hepatic lymph nodes, @entity6687 , number of @entity5 (4 or more), and bilobar distribution of the diseases were strongly associated with poor outcome. These prognostic factors were also documented as the major prognostic determinants by 21 consecutive articles we reviewed. Among 52 (45.6%) @entity1 with hepatic recurrence, @entity1 who were acceptable surgical risks and had no @entity6687 or a limited number (one or two) of lung metastasis were candidates for the repeat resection. Consequently, 31 @entity1 underwent repeated hepatic resection. Their survival rate was 53.9% at 3 years and 32.3% at 5 years, with no mortality. This outcome is markedly better than that of untreated @entity1 with an estimated survival of 3 to 24 months. Thus, an aggressive approach to surgical treatment is feasible with low risk and the potentially curative strategy even for recurrent hepatic metastases, providing the opportunity to achieve 5 year survival.

title: [The impact of hepatic resection on metastatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic diseases', 'extrahepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the role and efficacy of @entity1173 alone in the treatment of hydroceles occurring after varicocelectomy. Hydroceles represent one of the most common complications related to varicocelectomy at any age. METHODS: From September 1990 to 2008 at our department, a total of 453 varicocelectomies were performed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were created. The @entity1 with postoperative hydrocele formation were followed up every 3 months. Aspiration was suggested and then performed after 2 consecutive follow-up visits showing an enlarged hydrocele. In compliance with the protocol implemented at our institution, the clinicians performed >or=3 aspirations before suggesting surgical treatment. RESULTS: A total of 256 @entity1 were considered for the present study. All @entity1 underwent laparoscopic varicocelectomy, and 31 (11%) developed postoperative hydrocele. Of the 31 @entity1 , 9 (29%) underwent surgical hydrocelectomy after 3 aspirations, 7 (22.5%) had spontaneous resolution of the hydrocele, and 15 (48.5%) were treated with @entity1173 only. The success rate of @entity1173 seemed to be related only to the aspirated fluid volume, with <50 mL/ @entity1173 guaranteeing spontaneous resolution in 60% of @entity1 (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study have shown that the management of postoperative hydrocele formation should be conservative for almost 18-24 months, with a minimum of 3 aspirations, if necessary. If confirmed by additional studies, the volume of fluid aspirated from hydroceles could be used as an early indicator of the need for surgery.

title: Percutaneous XXXX for hydroceles after varicocelectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1173 :: (MESH:D053120,Disease) :: ['aspiration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In October, 2012, a @entity5695 vaccination programme for pregnant @entity1 was introduced in response to an outbreak across England. We aimed to assess the vaccine effectiveness and the overall effect of the vaccine programme in preventing @entity5695 in @entity1 . METHODS: We undertook an analysis of laboratory-confirmed cases and hospital admissions for @entity5695 in @entity1 between Jan 1, 2008, and Sept 30, 2013, using data submitted to Public Health England as part of its enhanced surveillance of @entity5695 in England, to investigate the effect of the vaccination programme. We calculated vaccine effectiveness by comparing vaccination status for mothers in confirmed cases with estimates of vaccine coverage for the national population of pregnant @entity1 , based on data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. FINDINGS: The monthly total of confirmed cases peaked in October, 2012 (1565 cases), and subsequently fell across all age groups. For the first 9 months of 2013 compared with the same period in 2012, the greatest proportionate fall in confirmed cases (328 cases in 2012 vs 72 cases in 2013, -78%, 95% CI -72 to -83) and in hospitalisation admissions (440 admissions in 2012 vs 140 admissions in 2013, -68%, -61 to -74) occurred in @entity1 younger than 3 months, although the incidence remained highest in this age group. @entity1 younger than 3 months were also the only age group in which there were fewer cases in 2013 than in 2011 (118 cases in 2011 vs 72 cases in 2013), before the resurgence. 26?684 @entity1 included in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink had a livebirth between @entity3871 , 2012 and @entity24905 , 2013; the average vaccine coverage before delivery based on this cohort was 64%. Vaccine effectiveness based on 82 confirmed cases in @entity1 born from @entity3871 , 2012, and younger than 3 months at onset was 91% (95% CI 84 to 95). Vaccine effectiveness was 90% (95% CI 82 to 95) when the analysis was restricted to cases in @entity1 younger than 2 months. INTERPRETATION: Our assessment of the programme of @entity5695 vaccination in pregnancy in England is consistent with high vaccine effectiveness. This effectiveness probably results from protection of @entity1 by both passive antibodies and reduced maternal exposure, and will provide valuable information to international policy makers. FUNDING: Public Health England.

title: Effectiveness of maternal XXXX vaccination in England: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis']

answer: @entity5695 :: (MESH:D014917,Disease) :: ['pertussis']


abstract: @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ) is a @entity4094 that is autosomal dominant and the most common form of @entity3986 affecting adults. The clinical features of @entity3918 include a @entity66 characterized by @entity8525 , progressive @entity425 and @entity5653 , @entity231 , premature balding and @entity1032 . The most severe type of @entity3918 is classified as @entity154 ( @entity154 ). The @entity425 in @entity154 is very severe, but muscle development can be observed in the period of growth. However, no clinical case of this type has been reported yet. Therefore, we report on a @entity1 with @entity154 who had an increase in muscle strength over a four-year period. The @entity1 with @entity154 participated in this study from the age of 9 to the age of 12. The measurement of muscle strength was recorded as the maximum score of @entity10339 strength with the use of dynamometers. @entity10339 strength was assessed once a year by the same two physical therapists. @entity10339 strength of @entity154 for each year was markedly weak when compared with the normal controls, but muscle strength changed within some specific growth areas. The @entity425 in @entity154 was remarkable, but the result showed that specific muscle strength of @entity154 in childhood was actually increased.

title: The Change of @entity10339 Strength in a XXXX with @entity3918 Over a 4-year Period.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital MyD', 'CMyD']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['Myotonic dystrophy', 'MyD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 can suffer from @entity1118 that can be refractory to conventional treatment, resulting in a wish for nephrectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a multidisciplinary treatment protocol with sequential nerve blocks on @entity158 relief in @entity8 @entity1 with refractory @entity1118 . As a first step a diagnostic, temporary celiac plexus block with local anesthetics was performed. If @entity158 relief was obtained, the assumption was that @entity158 was relayed via the celiac plexus and major @entity129 . When @entity158 recurred, @entity1 were then scheduled for a major @entity616 with radiofrequency ablation. In cases with no @entity158 relief, it was assumed that @entity158 was relayed via the aortico-renal plexus, and catheter-based renal denervation was performed. Sixty @entity1 were referred, of which 44 were eligible. In 36 @entity1 the diagnostic celiac plexus block resulted in @entity158 relief with a change in the median visual analogue scale (VAS) score pre-post intervention of 50/100. Of these @entity1 , 23 received a major @entity616 because @entity158 recurred, with a change in median VAS pre-post block of 53/100. In 8 @entity1 without @entity158 relief after the diagnostic block, renal denervation was performed in 5, with a borderline significant change in the median VAS pre-post intervention of 20/100. After a median follow-up of 12 months, 81.8% of the @entity1 experienced a sustained improvement in @entity158 intensity, indicating that our treatment protocol is effective in obtaining @entity158 relief in @entity8 @entity1 with refractory @entity1118 .

title: Novel treatment protocol for ameliorating refractory, @entity1118 in XXXX with @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic nerves']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ADPKD', 'Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['substantial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic nerve block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8854 ( @entity4650 ) plays an essential role in the central nervous system (CNS) as an excitatory neurotransmitter, and exerts its effects by acting on a large number of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. These receptors are also expressed in several peripheral tissues, including the kidney. This review summarizes the general properties of ionotropic and metabotropic @entity4650 receptors, focusing on @entity3391 ( @entity3391 ) and Group 1 metabotropic @entity3264 receptors (mGluRs). @entity3391 receptors are expressed in the renal cortex and medulla, and appear to play a role in the regulation of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, proximal tubule reabsorption and urine concentration within medullary collecting ducts. Sustained activation of @entity3391 receptors induces @entity141 influx and oxidative stress, which can lead to @entity631 , for example in @entity3562 . Group 1 mGluRs are expressed in podocytes and probably in other cell types. @entity19 in which these receptors are knocked out gradually develop @entity633 and @entity631 . Several endogenous agonists of @entity4650 receptors, which include @entity599 -containing @entity1522 derived from @entity5784 , and @entity8113 (QA), as well as the co-agonists @entity8959 and @entity7343 , are present in the circulation at concentrations capable of robustly activating ionotropic and metabotropic @entity4650 receptors. These endogenous agonists may also be secreted from renal parenchymal cells, or from cells that have migrated into the kidney, by exocytosis or by transporters such as system x(-)(c), or by transporters involved in @entity3265 secretion. @entity4650 receptors may be useful targets for drug therapy, and many selective orally-active compounds exist for investigation of these receptors as potential drug targets for various @entity8 .

title: XXXX receptors in the kidney.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['l-Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney diseases']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['NMDA', 'N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity5784 :: ('CHEBI:17588', 'Chemical') :: ['l-homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity8113 :: ('MESH:D017378', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolinic acid']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['Glutamate']