abstract: @entity4607 is a rare @entity5 -like condition involving the peripheral nerves, particularly the median nerve. It commonly affects the volar aspect of the hands, wrists and forearms of young adults. Most @entity1 present either early with @entity41163 or later with a forearm @entity66 or symptoms consistent with compressive @entity16 of the involved nerve. The clinical and histomorphological findings of five @entity1 with @entity4607 of the median nerve are analysed. The presentation, pathological features and differential diagnosis of @entity1274 are discussed along with a brief review of the literature. Of the five cases of @entity4607 , all were seen to involve the median nerve, occurring in four @entity1 and one @entity1 . Three of these cases had associated @entity41163 which was congenital in two and was seen from childhood in one. Microscopic examination showed fibrofatty tissue surrounding and infiltrating along the epineurium and perineurium. The nerve bundles were splayed apart by the infiltrating adipose tissue. Neural @entity4607 is a benign condition. Most respond to conservative management with surgical exploration, biopsy and carpal tunnel release to decompress the nerve. Correct diagnosis of this uncommon lesion is important as surgical excision of the lesion may lead to loss of neurological function.

title: Lipofibromatous XXXX in Association with or without @entity41163 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural lipofibromas']

entities_list: @entity41163 :: ('MESH:C562546', 'Disease') :: ['macrodactyly']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['Lipofibromatous hamartoma', 'fibrolipomatous hamartoma', 'lipofibromatous hamartoma']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['Hamartoma of the Median Nerve']


abstract: The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of ligand-activated transcription factors that govern numerous biological processes, including energy metabolism, cell proliferation, and @entity32 . Three different @entity5601 isotypes can be distinguished: alpha, beta and gamma. @entity5601 is mainly present in liver where it has an important role in the regulation of nutrient metabolism, including @entity844 oxidation, gluconeogenesis, and @entity535 metabolism. It mediates the effects of fibrates, which are drugs used in the treatment of @entity407 , on DNA transcription. Little is still known about @entity11589 . The @entity6864 isotype is mainly expressed in adipose tissue where it stimulates adipogenesis and lipogenesis. It is the target of a group of anti- @entity6 drugs called @entity12721 . As PPARs have a very important role in the regulation of energy metabolism, and as their activity can be modulated by drugs, there is an increasing interest in the potential connection between PPARs and @entity28 . In this article, the diverse pieces of evidence that have linked PPARs with @entity28 are reviewed. Furthermore, the association between PPARs and type 2 @entity6 is discussed.

title: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinediones']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of demographic, perinatal, and @entity1 feeding characteristics with offspring body composition at approximately 5 months of age. STUDY DESIGN: We collected data on 640 mother/offspring pairs from early pregnancy through approximately 5 months of age. We assessed offspring body composition with air displacement plethysmography at birth and approximately 5 months of age. Linear regression analyses examined associations between predictors and fat-free mass, fat mass, and percent fat mass ( @entity1386 ) at approximately 5 months. Secondary models further adjusted for body composition at birth and rapid @entity1 growth. RESULTS: Greater prepregnant body mass index and gestational weight gain were associated with greater fat-free mass at approximately 5 months of age, but not after adjustment for fat-free mass at birth. Greater gestational weight gain was also associated with greater fat mass at approximately 5 months of age, independent of fat mass at birth and rapid @entity1 growth, although this did not translate into increased @entity1386 . Greater percent time of exclusive breastfeeding was associated with lower fat-free mass (-311 g; P   <   .001), greater fat mass (+224 g; P   <   .001), and greater @entity1386 (+3.51%; P   <   .001). Compared with offspring of non-Hispanic white mothers, offspring of Hispanic mothers had greater @entity1386 (+2.72%; P   <   .001) and offspring of @entity7864 had lower @entity1386 (-1.93%; P   <   .001). Greater @entity1386 at birth predicted greater @entity1386 at approximately 5 months of age, independent of @entity1 feeding and rapid @entity1 growth. CONCLUSIONS: There are clear differences in @entity1 body composition by demographic, perinatal, and @entity1 feeding characteristics, although our data also show that increased @entity1386 at birth persists through approximately 5 months of age. Our findings warrant further research into implications of differences in @entity1 body composition.

title: Predictors of XXXX Body Composition at 5 Months of Age: The Healthy Start Study.

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic black mothers']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infant']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a variety of surgical specialties, simulation-based technologies play an important role in resident training. The Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) established an initiative to enhance neurosurgical training by developing a simulation-based curriculum to complement standard didactic and clinical learning. OBJECTIVE: To enhance resident education in the management of @entity131 by the use of simulation-based training. METHODS: A course-based neurosurgical simulation curriculum was developed and offered at the 2012 CNS annual meeting. Within this curriculum, a @entity130 module was developed to teach skills necessary in the management of @entity131 , including the performance of craniotomy for @entity130 . Didactic and simulator-based instruction were incorporated into the course. Written and practical pre- and posttests, as well as questionnaires, were used to assess the improvement in skill level and to validate the simulator as a teaching tool. RESULTS: Fourteen trainees participated in the didactic section of the @entity130 module. Average performance improved significantly in written scores from pretest (75%) to posttest (87.5%, P < .05). Eight @entity1 completed the @entity130 craniotomy simulator. Incision planning, burr hole placement (P < .02), and craniotomy size (P < .05) improved significantly. Junior residents (postgraduate years 1-3) demonstrated the most improvement during the course. CONCLUSION: The CNS simulation @entity130 module provides a complementary method for residents to acquire necessary skills in the management of @entity131 . Preliminary data indicate improvement in didactic and hands-on knowledge after training. Additional data are needed to confirm the validity of the simulator.

title: A novel craniotomy simulator provides a validated method to enhance education in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: Guidelines for the management of @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ), @entity364 or use of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) published in the US and Europe cannot be directly applied in other countries. In this study, we undertook a questionnaire survey of member institutions of the Japan @entity1778 Study Group to investigate the status of, and problems with, the management of @entity166 in @entity1 with @entity3052 . The questionnaire consisted of 52 multiple-choice questions covering therapeutic environment, antibacterial, and antifungal prophylaxis, empirical therapy (ET) for @entity1398 , and use of @entity1261 . The results were compared to a previous survey performed in 2001. Usable responses were received from 134 of 184 (71.7%) institutions. With regard to antibacterial prophylaxis, @entity2887 and @entity207 -trimethoprim were most commonly used. Regarding antifungal prophylaxis, the most frequently used agent was @entity2380 , followed by @entity2059 . In ET for @entity1398 , monotherapy with cephems or carbapenems accounted for almost all of the responses. Most respondents indicated that they used @entity1331 (MCFG) in ET. Prophylactic use of @entity1261 during remission induction therapy in @entity3052 was reported by only 4% of respondents. Strategies for antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis or treatment of @entity1398 should be reviewed and updated as needed.

title: Management of infection in XXXX with @entity3052 during chemotherapy in Japan: questionnaire analysis by the Japan @entity1778 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['FN', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Adult Leukemia']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['deep fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We report anesthetic management of a 22-month-old @entity1 with @entity17427 scheduled for palatoplasty because of @entity2419 . @entity4239 and short neck of the @entity1 suggested difficult airway management. For anesthetic induction, 1 microg x kg(-1) @entity6948 was loaded intravenously, followed by infusion at a rate of 0.7 microg x kg(-1) x hr(-1) with incremental inhalation of sevoflurane. During the induction, spontaneous breathing was maintained. By laryngoscopy with Machintosh blade after intravenous @entity1875 for the purpose of laryngeal reflex inhibition, only the tip of @entity2582 was seen. Then, after another intravenous @entity1875 , laryngoscopy was performed with Airwayscope, which enabled operators to see the glottis. Then, a RAE endotracheal tube (ID 4.5 mm) was inserted. During the Airwayscope operation, pharyngeal reflex, laryngeal reflex and saliva increase were inhibited resulting in good view of the larynx and the lowest Spo2 was 94% temporarily. After intubation, anesthesia was maintained with @entity2614 , @entity1937 and @entity3575 . @entity6948 infusion was also useful to maintain adequate spontaneous breathing and to achieve awaking before extubation.

title: [The use of @entity6948 and Airwayscope in airway management of a XXXX with @entity17427 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['Micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity17427 :: ('MESH:D003635', 'Disease') :: ['Cornelia de Lange syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity2582 :: ('MESH:C537690', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottis']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: Feeding animals a diet of increased @entity165 content gave rise to the feeding hypothesis, and balloon experiments were the basis of the @entity130 of @entity731 . When analyzing the sequence of events in arterial walls during @entity731 , it turned out that in spite of complex causes and courses of stenosing processes in arterial walls the final results were relatively uniform: @entity1856 of fibromuscular proliferates or a mixture of both develop. Calcification of the thickenings of arterial walls occurs frequently in the progression of the disease. In animal experiments, the development of @entity4288 can be speeded up with various experimental techniques and enables study of the action of drugs to inhibit @entity731 , as well as therapies for restenoses which frequently occur after angioplasty or bypass operations. In studies of drug effects the limitations of animal experiments become obvious when trying to transfer results obtained in animal experiments to the situation in @entity1 . Cultures of cells from @entity1 arteries are, therefore, necessary supplements. Mass cultures and clone cultures of arterial walls are, however, very artificial systems. Therefore, co-cultures of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and adventitial tissue have been established which imitate the morphology of arterial walls. With transfilter co-cultures, it has become possible to produce fibromuscular proliferates in vitro. When oxidized LDL-particles and monocytes are added to the culture medium, lipid-containing proliferates develop.

title: [ XXXX research in the animal model and cell cultures].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromas']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury hypothesis']

answer: @entity4288 :: (MESH:D001161,Disease) :: ['Arteriosclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: GUIDED-HF (Get With the Guidelines in Emergency Department @entity1 With @entity712 ) is a multicenter randomized trial of a @entity1 -centered transitional care intervention in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) who are discharged either directly from the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) or after a brief period of @entity341 -based observation. To optimize care and reduce @entity341 and hospital revisits, there has been significant emphasis on improving transitions at the time of hospital discharge for @entity1 with HF. Such efforts have been almost exclusively directed at hospitalized @entity1 ; individuals with @entity712 who are discharged from the @entity341 or @entity341 -based observation are not included in these transitional care initiatives. @entity1 with @entity712 discharged directly from the @entity341 or after a brief period of @entity341 -based observation are randomly assigned to our transition GUIDED-HF strategy or standard @entity341 discharge. @entity1 in the GUIDED arm receive a tailored discharge plan via the study team, based on their identified barriers to outpatient management and associated guideline-based interventions. This plan includes conducting a home visit soon after @entity341 discharge combined with close outpatient follow-up and subsequent coaching calls to improve postdischarge care and avoid subsequent @entity341 revisits and inpatient admissions. Up to 700 @entity1 at 11 sites will be enrolled over 3 years of the study. GUIDED-HF will test a novel approach to @entity712 management strategy that includes tailored transitional care for @entity1 discharged from the @entity341 or @entity341 -based observation. If successful, this program may significantly alter the current paradigm of @entity712 @entity1 care. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02519283.

title: Design and Rationale of a Randomized Trial of a Care Transition Strategy in @entity1 With XXXX Discharged From the Emergency Department: GUIDED-HF (Get With the Guidelines in Emergency Department @entity1 With @entity712 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['AHF', 'acute heart failure', 'Heart Failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Acute Heart Failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity16 affecting gait occur early in several types of non-Alzheimer's @entity303 , but their value in predicting the development of @entity303 is uncertain. METHODS: We analyzed the relation between neurologic gait status at base line and the development of @entity303 in a prospective study involving 422 subjects older than 75 years of age who lived in the community and did not have @entity303 at base line. @entity797 proportional-hazards regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios with adjustment for potential confounding demographic, medical, and cognitive variables. RESULTS: At enrollment, 85 subjects had @entity16 of the following types: unsteady gait (in 31 subjects), frontal gait (in 12 subjects), hemiparetic gait (in 11 subjects), @entity426 (in 11 subjects), @entity2055 (in 10 subjects), @entity191 (in 8 subjects), and @entity426 (in 2 subjects). During follow-up (median duration, 6.6 years), there were 125 newly diagnosed cases of @entity303 , 70 of them cases of @entity195 and 55 cases of non- @entity195 (47 of which involved @entity1294 and 8 of which involved other types of @entity303 ). Subjects with @entity16 had a greater risk of development of @entity303 (hazard ratio, 1.96 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.30 to 2.96]). These subjects had an increased risk of non- @entity195 (hazard ratio, 3.51 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.98 to 6.24]), but not of @entity195 (hazard ratio, 1.07 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.57 to 2.02]). Of non-Alzheimer's @entity303 , abnormal gait predicted the development of @entity1294 (hazard ratio, 3.46 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.86 to 6.42]). Among the types of abnormal gait, unsteady gait predicted @entity1294 (hazard ratio, 2.61), as did frontal gait (hazard ratio, 4.32) and hemiparetic gait (hazard ratio, 13.13). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity16 in elderly @entity1 without @entity303 at base line is a significant predictor of the risk of development of @entity303 , especially non- @entity195 .

title: Abnormality of gait as a predictor of non- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic gait abnormalities', 'Neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian gait']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's dementia"]

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic gait', 'spastic gait']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxic gait']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how often general pediatricians, pediatric endocrinologists, and gastroenterologists diagnose @entity1 as overweight and how often interventions are provided, including nutritional counseling and screening for @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) and @entity209 . STUDY DESIGN: The study was a retrospective chart review of outpatient visits at 2 academic hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 2256 @entity1 visits were analyzed, including 715 visits by overweight @entity1 . Of those 715 visits, 31% resulted in a diagnosis of overweight. Diagnosis of overweight and nutritional counseling were least likely to occur during gastroenterology visits (22% and 13%, respectively, P < .01). Screening for @entity209 was most likely to occur during endocrinology visits (34%; P < .01). Screening for @entity1561 was most likely to occur during gastroenterology visits (23%; P < .01). @entity1 age < 5 years and those with a body mass index percentile (BMI%) of 85% to 94% were least likely to receive diagnosis and intervention for overweight. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of overweight @entity1 were not diagnosed and did not receive relevant and recommended evaluations and interventions. Specific attention should be focused on providing diagnosis and interventions for overweight @entity1 , especially those age < 5 years and with a BMI% of 85% to 94%.

title: Underdiagnosis of pediatric obesity and underscreening for fatty liver disease and XXXX by pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effectiveness and safety of @entity1771 in clinical practice, for a group of @entity1 with childhood onset @entity302 . METHODS: All @entity1 treated with @entity1771 at the three study centers between November 1995 and December 31, 1997 were analyzed retrospectively, using a standardized study protocol. Data were gathered on demographic features, @entity410 response and medication related adverse events. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1 were treated with @entity1771 . Over 90% @entity410 reduction was achieved in 8 (9%) @entity1 , 50%-90% in 21 (24%), < 50% in 54 (62%) @entity1 . Four @entity1 (5%) had a deterioration in @entity410 control. Adverse events required @entity1771 discontinuation in 36 (41%). Of these 27 (31%) complained of unacceptable cognitive dulling. The rate of dose escalation and final dose in mg/kg were similar in those who remained on @entity1771 and those who were intolerant because of cognitive side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1771 resulted in > 50% @entity410 reduction in 29 (33%) of this group of @entity1 with @entity302 , its usefulness was limited by a high incidence of adverse effects. Adverse events prevented ongoing therapy for 36 (41%) and cognitive dulling resulted in @entity1771 discontinuation by 27 (31%) of the group.

title: XXXX in intractable childhood onset @entity302 --a cautionary note.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'difficult epilepsy']

answer: @entity1771 :: (MESH:C052342,Chemical) :: ['Topiramate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the tolerance and efficacy of a modified concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) protocol for @entity1 with @entity150 "unfit" for radical cystectomy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-three muscle- @entity150 @entity1 who were unfit for or unwilling to receive radical cystectomy were enrolled in this study. All @entity1 had transitional cell @entity150 , and distribution of stage was 14 (61%), 1 (4%), and 8 (35%) for T3a, T3b, and T4, respectively. This study included a relatively old-age population, with the median age being 75 and 70% of @entity1 over 70 years old. @entity1 were treated with maximal transurethral resection of the @entity150 followed by curative CCRT. The chemotherapy ( @entity6344 ) regimen was comprised of @entity900 , 50 mg/m(2) intravenously (i.v.) on Day 1; @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), 500 mg/m(2)/day by continuous i.v. infusion on Days 1-3; and @entity4181 , 50 mg/day by continuous i.v. infusion on Days 1-3. Chemotherapy course was repeated at 21-day intervals. The radiation dose was 44-45 Gy to whole pelvis and 60-61.2 Gy to bladder, with a daily fraction of 1.8-2 Gy. The completeness of the CCRT protocol was defined as @entity1 receiving at least 55 Gy of radiotherapy to the whole bladder and at least three courses C/T. RESULTS: Seventy-four percent of @entity1 (17/23) completed the CCRT protocol. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Grade 3 acute @entity137 were observed in 4 @entity1 , which included @entity1210 , @entity9802 , and @entity294 . No treatment-related @entity204 occurred during the CCRT period. RTOG Grade 3 or more late complications were observed in 3 @entity1 ; one of them died of radiation @entity2335 superimposed with @entity281 . Of the 18 @entity1 whose response to CCRT was evaluated, a complete @entity5 response was documented in 16 @entity1 (89%). With a median follow-up of 3 years, the 3-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) for all @entity1 was 69% and 65% respectively. Meanwhile, the 3-year overall and DFS rates for @entity1 who completed CCRT vs. those who did not complete CCRT were 82% vs. 33% and 75% vs. 33%, respectively (p = 0.18 for @entity1349 and p = 0.04 for DFS). CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent @entity900 , @entity1487 , @entity4181 , and radiotherapy for treatment of @entity150 is a feasible and promising treatment even for relatively old @entity1 . Our results are comparable to those in recent studies by using combined modality treatment or neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radical cystectomy. Consequently, this novel protocol warrants a prospective clinical trial and may be a safe, effective alternative to radical cystectomy.

title: Concurrent @entity900 , @entity1487 , @entity4181 , and radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C/T']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity9802 :: ('MESH:C564424', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting, genitourinary (GU) tract infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['GU infection']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'carcinoma of bladder', 'invasive bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['invasive bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the found ways and first diagnosis age of @entity1 with @entity8468 , and their relations with @entity393 . METHOD: Medical histories of 122 cases of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity8468 by HRCT or MRI had been collected from January 2009 to April 2014 in our hospital @entity1 's hearing diagnosis center clinic. Found ways comprise of accepting universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) group and unaccepting UNHS group. Accepting UNHS @entity1 were divided into two ears unpassing group, single ear unpassing group and passing group. The @entity1 in unaccepting UNHS group were divided into not sensitive to sounds, speech stunting, @entity2459 , and other group. Analysis the relationship between the found ways and first diagnosis age and their relations with @entity393 . RESULT: There are 84 cases (68.85%) accepting UNHS, the average age of first diagnosis was (17.24    17.08) months; 37 cases (31.15%) are not accepting UNHS. The average age of first diagnosis was (30.92    18.21) months. The average first diagnosis age of accepting UNHS group was more earlier than the unaccepting UNHS group. The difference was statistically signif- icant (P < 0.01). There were 57 cases (67.85%) whose two ears not pass UNHS; 15 cases (17.86%) single ear not pass; namely the referral rate was 85.71%; 12 cases (14.29%) pass the test. The first diagnosis age of passing UNHS group was more later than two ears unpassing group (P < 0.001). In the unaccepting UNHS group, the average first diagnosis age of not sensitive to sounds group (19.69    11.16 months) was more earlier than @entity5545 group (37.13    15.62 months) and @entity2459 group (47.40    24.70 months) (P < 0.01). The difference in the degree of @entity393 between accepting UNHS and unaccepting UNHS group had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). In unaccepting UNHS group ,the average first diagnosis age of the mild-to-moderate @entity393 group was later than the very severe @entity393 group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Most of @entity8468 @entity1 can be found and receive diagnosis early by UNHS. But part of these @entity1 with late-onset or progressive @entity393 , especially these with mild-to-moderate @entity393 cannot be found early, which should arouse our attention.

title: [Analysis the relationship between the found ways and first diagnosis age for XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8468 :: ('OMIM:600791', 'Disease') :: ['large vestibular aqueduct']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['words dysplasia']

answer: @entity8468 :: (OMIM:600791,Disease) :: ['large vestibular aqueduct']


abstract: Higher circulating levels of @entity442 have been associated with increased risk of prostate and some other @entity5 . Most research on @entity263 has been based on @entity1 with symptoms or identified following treatment of benign disease. However, increasing numbers of @entity5 cases are now detected in asymptomatic @entity1 following @entity1486 (PSA) tests. We therefore used a population-based case-finding exercise using the PSA test to examine whether associations between the IGF axis and @entity5 risk were apparent in this population. A matched case-control study was conducted among 7,383 @entity1 (50-70 years) receiving a PSA test as part of a case-finding exercise. Assays of @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity10513 and @entity2301 were performed on cases and 2 controls matched on age, recruitment center and calendar time. Analyses were based on 176 cases and 324 matched controls. The risk of @entity263 increased across quartiles of @entity442 (highest vs. lowest quartile, OR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.26-4.34; p(trend) = 0.02) and @entity5100 (OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 0.94-3.15; p(trend) = 0.09). Controlling for smoking history and @entity2301 strengthened associations with @entity5 for both @entity442 (OR = 3.00; 95% CI = 1.50-6.01; p(trend) 0.005) and @entity5100 (OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.07-3.84; p(trend) = 0.04) Associations between the IGFs and @entity5 risk were stronger for advanced cases. Our findings suggest that both @entity442 and @entity5100 are associated with an increased risk of screen-detected @entity263 .

title: XXXX and the insulin-like growth factor axis: results of a population-based case-control study.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Screen-detected prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An interesting research and therapeutic problem is the reduced beneficial efficacy of opioids in the treatment of @entity9 . The present study sought to investigate the potential role of IL-1 family members in this phenomenon. We studied the time course of changes in @entity8885 , @entity3426 , IL-1 receptor type I and IL-1 receptor antagonist mRNA and protein levels experienced by @entity35 after @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) of the sciatic nerve using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In @entity8638 -exposed @entity35 , spinal levels of @entity8885 mRNA were slightly downregulated on the 7th day, and protein levels were not changed on the 7th and 14th days. Levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-1 receptor type I were slightly upregulated in the ipsilateral part of the spinal cord on the 7th and 14th days; however, protein levels were not changed at those time points. Interestingly, we observed that @entity3426 mRNA and protein levels were strongly elevated in the ipsilateral part of the dorsal spinal cord on the 7th and 14th days following @entity8638 . Moreover, in @entity35 exposed to a single intrathecal administration of an IL-1 receptor antagonist (100ng i.t.) on the 7th and 14th day following @entity8638 , symptoms of @entity9 were attenuated, and the analgesic effects of @entity1286 (2.5  g i.t.) and @entity4783 (2.5  g i.t.) were enhanced. In summary, restoration of the analgesic activity of @entity1286 and @entity4783 by blockade of IL-1 signaling suggests that increased @entity3426 responses may account for the decreased analgesic efficacy of opioids observed in the treatment of @entity16 .

title: IL-1 receptor antagonist improves @entity1286 and @entity4783 efficacy in a @entity35 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: A 48-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of gradually developed @entity426 . She showed @entity508 of the lower extremities with mild @entity425 . Laboratory tests disclosed @entity1423 and mild increases of transaminase and total @entity648 . Blood @entity921 level was markedly increased (6.0 micrograms/dl). Abdominal ultrasound showed splenomegaly, and abdominal angiography showed a dilatation of the portal and paraumbilical veins. T1-weighted MR images showed high signal intensities at the bilateral globus pallidus and cerebral peducles, and T2-weighted images showed high signal intensities at the bilateral deep white matter, posterior limbs of the internal capsule and right upper cervical spinal cord. Following the diagnosis of @entity28406 , splenectomy was performed. The blood level of @entity921 decreased thereafter and her @entity51 gradually improved. @entity99 often show high signal intensities at the basal ganglia on T1-weighted images, and this seemed to be due to accumulation of @entity921 in our case. Because @entity17 or @entity21 of the spinal cord are found in @entity99 , we speculate that the high signal intensities at the spinal cord on T2-weighted images of our case reflect hepatic @entity602 , which may also be caused by high blood levels of @entity921 .

title: [A case of @entity28406 ( XXXX ) with hypermanganemia presenting as @entity426 ].

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['decreased WBC and platelet counts']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['spastic gait']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic diseases', 'hepatic disease']

answer: @entity28406 :: (MESH:C537903,Disease) :: ['IPH']


abstract: The quantity of mRNA transcripts in a cell is determined by a complex interplay of cooperative and counteracting biological processes. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is one of a few number of unsupervised algorithms that have been applied to microarray gene expression data in an attempt to understand phenotype differences in terms of changes in the activation/inhibition patterns of biological pathways. While the ICA model has been shown to outperform other linear representations of the data such as Principal Components Analysis (PCA), a validation using explicit pathway and regulatory element information has not yet been performed. We apply a range of popular ICA algorithms to six of the largest microarray @entity5 datasets and use pathway-knowledge and regulatory-element databases for validation. We show that ICA outperforms PCA and clustering-based methods in that ICA components map closer to known @entity5 -related pathways, regulatory modules, and @entity5 phenotypes. Furthermore, we identify @entity5 signalling and oncogenic pathways and regulatory modules that play a prominent role in @entity0 and relate the differential activation patterns of these to @entity0 phenotypes. Importantly, we find novel associations linking immune response and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways with @entity172 receptor status and histological grade, respectively. In addition, we find associations linking the activity levels of biological pathways and transcription factors ( @entity1265 and NFAT) with clinical outcome in @entity0 . ICA provides a framework for a more biologically relevant interpretation of genomewide transcriptomic data. Adopting ICA as the analysis tool of choice will help understand the phenotype-pathway relationship and thus help elucidate the molecular taxonomy of @entity5 .

title: Elucidating the altered transcriptional programs in XXXX using independent component analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'heterogeneous cancers and of other complex genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: UK social firms are under-researched but are a potentially important vocational option for @entity1 with @entity1032 . AIMS: To describe the clinical profile, satisfaction levels and experiences of social firms employees with @entity1032 . METHOD: Clinical, work and service use characteristics were collected from social firms' employees with @entity1032 in England and Wales. Workplace experience and satisfaction were explored qualitatively. RESULTS: Predominantly, social firms' employees (N   =   80) report that they have a diagnosis of @entity308 (56%) and @entity148 (41%). @entity1 with @entity161 (20%) or @entity162 (5%) were a minority. Respondents had low symptom and disability levels, high quality of life and job satisfaction and experienced reductions in secondary mental health service use over time. High-workplace satisfaction was related to flexibility, manager and colleague support and workplace accommodations. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical profile, quality of life and job satisfaction level of employees with @entity1032 suggest social firms could be a useful addition to UK vocational services for some @entity1 . Current employees mainly have common @entity146 , and social firms will need to shift their focus if they are to form a substantial pathway for the vocational recovery of @entity1 currently using community mental health teams.

title: The clinical profile of employees with XXXX working in social firms in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health problems']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental health problems']


abstract: @entity150 is a common @entity5 for which regional or metastatic disease is identified at diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity440 ( @entity16235 ), an @entity172 receptor (ER) antagonist, can sensitize @entity150 cell lines to @entity136 ( @entity14113 ) chemotherapy. @entity1782 and @entity1783 protein levels were determined in each cell line using western blot analysis. The TCC-Sup, 5637, and RT4 @entity150 cells were exposed to various concentrations and regimens of @entity16235 or @entity14113 alone or in combination. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by @entity2454 assay and @entity2667 followed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was then evaluated by western blot analysis. Treated TCC-Sup cells were subjected to soft agar colony formation assay to determine the cellular transformation. Western blot analysis results revealed ER expression in the three cell lines. TCC-Sup and 5637  cells treated with a combination of @entity16235 and @entity14113 had lower cell viabilities than those treated with @entity16235 or @entity14113 alone for 72  h in TCC-Sup and 5637. Compared with the other treatments, sequential @entity14113 followed by @entity16235 ( @entity14113 > @entity16235 ) treatment caused the largest increase in DNA fragmentation at 72  h in TCC-Sup cells. Western blot analysis results revealed that this sequential @entity14113 > @entity16235 treatment increased @entity12874 polymerase cleavage in TCC-Sup cells. Sequential @entity14113 > @entity16235 inhibited the cell transformation in TCC-Sup cells. In conclusion, sequential @entity14113 > @entity16235 enhanced the @entity137 of @entity14113 in  vitro. This regimen be useful to enhance the efficacy of @entity14113 in @entity150 . However, future in  vivo studies are required to verify the results.

title: Sequential @entity136 and XXXX treatment enhances apoptosis and blocks transformation in @entity150 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ADP-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the accuracy of a clinical classification system for @entity697 with special regard to "phlegmonous @entity4436 ". METHODS: A consecutive @entity1 series (n   =   318; General Hospital Nuremberg, 1/2004-12/2006) was classified preoperatively (imaging with 4/16-slice spiral CT scanner) according to the Hansen and Stock (H_S) classification which is commonly used in Germany and evaluated based on histopathology. RESULTS: Pre-treatment classification grouped 30 @entity1 (9.4%) as uncomplicated @entity4436 (type I according to H_S), for whom treatment was merely conservative. One hundred twelve @entity1 (35.2%) were classified as phlegmonous @entity4436 ( @entity36169 ), 84 (26.4%) as "covered perforations" (type IIB) and 27 (8.5%) as "free perforations" (type IIC), and 54 (17.0%) as chronically recurrent @entity4436 (type III, 17.0%). The remaining 11 @entity1 (3.5%) were not staged preoperatively. Accuracy of staging of complicated @entity4436 differed significantly between type IIC (100.0%), type IIB (91.0%), and @entity36169 (36.1%). The latter group was frequently understaged as it concealed a substantial number of @entity1 (n   =   44; 53.0%) with @entity66 . Neither laboratory tests (CRP/WBC) nor clinical parameters allowed distinction of correctly and falsely staged @entity1 with @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with phlegmonous @entity4436 ( @entity36169 ) represent the most challenging group among @entity1 with @entity697 as they are frequently understaged and conceal cases with covered perforations (type IIB). This may support the view to subsume phlegmonous @entity4436 ( @entity36169 ) under complicated @entity4436 .

title: How complicated is complicated @entity4436 ?--phlegmonous XXXX revisited.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['type IIA disease', 'IIB disease']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: The concentration of T-cell receptor rearrangement excision DNA circles (TRECs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is currently known to be a marker of recent thymic emigrants. We evaluated the hypothesis that TREC values would be lower in childhood T-cell @entity1583 than in childhood @entity8625 ( @entity981 ) or healthy controls because the former category may reflect compromised thymic function. From the Greek national childhood @entity1778 / @entity706 database we obtained all 30 available @entity1893 cases, 30 age- and sex-matched childhood B-cell origin cases of @entity981 and 60 healthy hospital controls. We compared TREC levels in PBMCs using a real-time PCR assay. There was highly significant reduction of TREC values in @entity1 with T-cell @entity5 (median 3,100 TRECs/10(6) PBMCs), whereas @entity1 with B-cell origin @entity981 had slightly but nonsignificantly lower TREC values compared to healthy @entity1 (medians 19,300 and 22,500 TRECs/10(6) PBMCs, respectively). During a median follow-up period of about 19 months, only 4 @entity1 died. All of them had a T-cell @entity1583 and relatively low TREC values. The number of TRECs was higher among healthy @entity1 than among healthy @entity1 , and a similar pattern was evident in T-cell @entity5 . It appears that there is a pattern of concordance of high TREC values with better disease prognosis in hematologic childhood @entity5 . This applies to specific disease entities with better prognosis (B-cell origin @entity981 having higher TREC values than @entity6494 ) and to gender, another important predictor of prognosis conditional on disease entity ( @entity1 having higher TREC values than @entity1 ); however, it may also be true for the survival of individual @entity1 . These preliminary findings can be used as hypothesis-generating indications that should be confirmed in larger data sets.

title: Recent thymic emigrants and prognosis in T- and B-cell childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell leukemia/lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic malignancies', 'hematopoietic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["T-cell leukemia/non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic malignancies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Little is known about the use of the single self-rated health (SRH) status item measuring health-related quality of life among @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). The objective of this study was to assess relationships between SRH and recurrent coronary events, mortality, health care utilization, and intermediate clinical outcomes and to assess predictors of fair/poor SRH. A total of 5573 @entity1 enrolled in a comprehensive cardiac risk reduction service managed by clinical pharmacy specialists were evaluated over a 2-year period. @entity2357 modeling explored relationships among variables, modeling SRH separately as an independent and a dependent variable. The 1374 (24.7%) respondents reporting fair/poor SRH differed statistically from 4199 (75.3%) respondents reporting good/very good/excellent SRH in terms of age, sex, ethnicity, number of comorbid conditions, DxCG scores, lifestyle behaviors, blood pressure control, and inpatient and @entity341 ( @entity341 ) utilization. Respondents reporting fair/poor health were more likely to have recurrent major coronary events (MCE), including @entity204 . Fair/poor SRH was consistently statistically significant when it was included as a predictor in regression modeling for poor blood pressure control, health care utilization, MCE, and all-cause mortality. Variables associated with fair/poor SRH in regression modeling included females, Hispanic ethnicity, >= 1 baseline @entity341 visit, and DxCG score. Exercising <30 minutes per week was strongly associated with fair/poor SRH. Single-item SRH status may help identify @entity1 with @entity453 at higher risk of poor blood pressure control, recurrent MCE, and @entity204 and those who may benefit from interventions to increase physical activity. (Population Health Management 2016;19:24-30).

title: Self-Rated Health Among XXXX with @entity453 Enrolled in a Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Regression']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity117 ( @entity1281 )-exacerbated @entity1576 (AERD) is characterized by aggressive @entity32 of the respiratory tract and often requires topical and/or systemic corticosteroids to maintain partial control of this disease. Previous studies have revealed that @entity1281 desensitization and subsequent treatment with @entity1281 is associated with clinical improvement in AERD. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of daily @entity1281 treatment for the first 4 weeks after @entity1281 desensitization. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 underwent @entity1281 oral challenge followed by @entity1281 desensitization and daily @entity1281 therapy. Changes in nasal and @entity565 symptoms, combined with changes in oral @entity229 , were recorded daily during 4 weeks before and after desensitization. Severity of symptoms ranged from a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = asymptomatic and 5 = most severe symptoms). For statistical analyses the sum of nasal symptoms and @entity565 symptoms was calculated. Olfactory scores were also analyzed. RESULTS: Nasal and @entity565 symptom scores, as well as olfactory scores, improved significantly (P < 0.0001). For the 15 @entity1 taking @entity229 , their mean doses decreased from 10.7 to 5.9 mg daily (P = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that @entity1281 desensitization treatment is effective during the first 4 weeks of daily treatment with @entity1281 .

title: Early effects of @entity117 desensitization treatment in asthmatic @entity1 with XXXX -exacerbated @entity1576 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: The growth of new lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) in @entity5 is an integral step in the metastatic spread of @entity5 cells, first to the sentinel lymph nodes that surround the @entity5 and then elsewhere in the body. Currently, no selective agents designed to prevent lymphatic vessel growth have been approved for clinical use, and there is an important potential clinical niche for antilymphangiogenic agents. Using a @entity3392 phenotype-based chemical screen, we have identified drug compounds, previously approved for @entity1 use, that have antilymphatic activity. These include @entity15605 , a natural product found in plants; @entity6963 , an inhibitor of @entity7391 biosynthesis; and @entity11358 and @entity4271 , members of the type IV class of @entity460 channel antagonists. Antilymphatic activity was confirmed in a @entity19 in vivo lymphangiogenesis Matrigel plug assay, in which @entity15605 , @entity6963 , and @entity4271 prevented lymphatic growth. We show that @entity15605 is a novel inhibitor of @entity56867 /3 kinase activity and is able to reduce the density of @entity5 -associated lymphatic vessels as well as the incidence of lymph node @entity3 in a metastatic @entity0 xenograft model. However, in this model, @entity15605 administration was also associated with @entity5 deposits in the pancreas and diaphragm, and @entity4271 was found to be tumorigenic. Although this screen revealed that @entity3392 is a viable platform for the identification and development of mammalian antilymphatic compounds, it also highlights the need for focused secondary screens to ensure appropriate efficacy of hits in a @entity5 context. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(10); 2450-62.   2014 AACR.

title: An in vivo antilymphatic screen in @entity3392 identifies novel inhibitors of @entity1 lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic-mediated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15605 :: ('MESH:C006552', 'Chemical') :: ['kaempferol']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity11358 :: ('MESH:D002936', 'Chemical') :: ['cinnarizine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4271 :: ('MESH:D005444', 'Chemical') :: ['flunarizine']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that @entity7 , a known angiogenic and permeability factor that is locally expressed in fetal membranes and decidua, may be the primary regulator in the pathway that eventually leads to preterm premature @entity397 . Our objective was to test the hypothesis that, both in the presence and in the absence of histologic @entity5870 , there is an increased expression of the @entity7 gene and its receptor @entity6758 in the @entity1 fetal membranes. STUDY DESIGN: Membranes were sampled from a region that was distinct as the rupture site from three groups of @entity1 with preterm premature @entity397 . Groups 1 and 2 differed only in the length of the latency period from rupture of the membranes to delivery. Group 3 included preterm @entity1 with intact membranes, who acted as control subjects. All @entity1 who were selected for the study lacked clinical signs of @entity5870 and were delivered by cesarean delivery. Tissue samples were analyzed for @entity650 gene expression by Northern blot analysis and for the presence of @entity650 protein by immunocytochemistry. The expression of @entity7 and @entity6758 genes was analyzed by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: All tissue samples from group 1 and five tissue samples from group 2 (designated as group 2A) showed expression of the @entity650 gene and the presence of @entity650 protein in the fetal membranes (P <.001) and were therefore identified as inflamed. Five tissue samples from the @entity1 in group 2 (designated as group 2B) and all control tissue samples showed neither evidence of @entity650 gene expression nor the presence of its protein and therefore were identified as not inflamed. @entity7 and @entity6758 gene expression were increased significantly in the fetal membrane and decidua samples that were obtained from the noninflamed tissues from group 2B (P <.005) yet showed further enhancement in expression in the inflamed tissues. CONCLUSION: The expression patterns of @entity7 and @entity6758 genes are indicative of a molecular pathologic condition of fetal membranes, regardless of their inflammatory status, which suggests their role as a primary regulator of preterm premature @entity397 .

title: Preterm premature @entity397 : XXXX and its association with histologic @entity5870 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We hypothesized that a @entity942 to spinal cord may underlie postnatal @entity4372 after @entity63 in a @entity95 model of @entity306 . Neurotransmitter content was determined by HPLC in the spinal cord of newborns with and without @entity4372 after fetal global @entity2806 and na  ve controls. Contrary to our hypothesis, @entity750 levels in both cervical and lumbar expansions and @entity1063 in cervical expansion were increased in hypertonic kits relative to @entity4372 and controls, with unchanged number of serotonergic cells in caudal raphe by stereological count. Serotonergic fiber length per unit of volume was also increased in hypertonic kits' cervical and lumbar spinal cord, both in dorsal and ventral horns. Gene expression of @entity750 transporter was increased and 5-HTR2 receptors were @entity4372 relative to controls in cervical and lumbar cord. Intrathecal administration of non-selective @entity750 receptor inhibitor @entity3858 decreased muscle tone in hypertonic kits only. Conversely, intrathecal administration of @entity750 solution increased muscle tone only in @entity4372 . We speculate that maturation of serotonergic system in spinal cord may be directly affected by decreased corticospinal connectivity after antenatal @entity2806 . Following prenatal @entity519 - @entity63 , newborn @entity95 exhibit elevated levels of @entity750 in the spinal cord that were linked to @entity4372 . Serotonergic terminal density was also @entity4372 ' spinal cord. Intrathecal administration of the non-selective @entity750 receptor inhibitor @entity3858 decreased muscle tone in hypertonic newborns only. Elevated spinal @entity750 thus suggests a novel pathophysiological mechanism of @entity4372 in @entity306 .

title: Elevated spinal monoamine neurotransmitters after antenatal @entity519 - @entity63 in XXXX @entity306 model.

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['global antenatal hypoxic-ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['increased in hypertonic newborns', 'muscle hypertonia', 'decreased in hypertonic kits', 'hypertonia', 'non-hypertonic kits']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency in the descending serotonergic input']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is commonly treated during pregnancy, yet data on the safety of @entity565 medicines used during pregnancy are sparse. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of the inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) @entity5023 (FP), alone and in fixed-dose combination with @entity10453 (FSC) in terms of the risk of all @entity600 ( @entity600 ), compared with all other non-FP ICS. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity565 who had a pregnancy between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010, were identified in the United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Exposure to @entity565 medicines during the first trimester of pregnancy was based on issued prescriptions. The mothers' and @entity1 ' medical records were linked where possible, and pregnancy outcomes with an @entity21212 diagnosed by age 1 year were identified based on medical codes in the mother's and @entity1 's medical records, including those @entity600 prenatally diagnosed that ended in an induced pregnancy termination. The absolute and relative risks of an @entity21212 after different ICS exposures, stratified by the @entity565 treatment intensity level, were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 14,654 mother- @entity1 pairs were identified, of which 6,174 received an ICS prescription during the first trimester, in addition to 13 first trimester ICS exposed pregnancies that ended in an induced termination after a prenatal @entity21212 diagnosis. In total, 5,362 pregnancies were eligible for the primary analysis at age 1 year. The absolute risk of an @entity21212 after any first trimester FP exposure was 2.4% (CI95 0.8-4.1) and  2.7% (CI95 1.8-3.6) for the "moderate" and "considerable/severe" @entity565 treatment intensity levels, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios when compared with non-FP ICS were 1.1 (CI95 0.5-2.3) and 1.2 (CI95 0.7-2.0) for the "moderate" and "considerable/severe" intensity levels; risks for any FP and for FSC did not differ substantially. CONCLUSION: No increase in the overall risk of @entity600 was identified after first trimester FP exposure compared with non-FP ICS.

title: Safety of XXXX Prescribed for Asthma During Pregnancy: A UK Population-Based Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['MCMs', 'major congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['Fluticasone Propionate']


abstract: Few data exist in regard to long-term and functional outcome after @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ) repair. The present study provides such follow-up and defines the impact of variables used to grade resuscitation efforts [ @entity51 ( @entity51 ) and core temperature (cT)]. One hundred forty-seven @entity1 presenting with @entity1755 were retrospectively reviewed. Overall perioperative mortality was 35 per cent (51/147) and mean age was 72 years. Survival data were available for 99 per cent of @entity1 with a mean and median follow-up of 45 months. Life table analysis revealed one-, 2-, and 5-year survival to be 81, 75, and 58 per cent, respectively. Eighty-three per cent of @entity1 reported a quality of life equal to that of their preoperative status. Both initial cT (P = 0.02) and @entity51 (P = 0.03) were significantly associated with perioperative mortality. Using a logistic regression model cT remained a significant factor (P = 0.006) associated with survival. Smoking, @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity1030 , mode of transportation, and surgeon's training were not significant. Despite the advanced age of the present cohort, acceptable perioperative mortality and long-term survival rates were attained. The majority of @entity1 resumed a lifestyle comparable to that of their preoperative state; therefore, long-term longitudinal follow-up suggests that aggressive management with rapid correction of @entity51 and cT results in excellent functional outcome.

title: Short-term predictors and long-term outcome after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'rAAA']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'base deficit']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with mild @entity131 (MTBI), to assess: (1) changes in financial compensation-seeking status over time and (2) the relationship between compensation-seeking and return to work. DESIGN: Longitudinal evaluation of financial compensation-seeking status (i.e., at intake, 3 months postinjury, and 12 months postinjury) and relationship of such status to return to work. SETTING: Outpatient rehabilitation clinic. SUBJECTS: Ninety-seven @entity1 with MTBI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Compensation-seeking status at 3 and 12 months and days taken to return to preinjury vocational activity. RESULTS: Those in litigation at intake generally continued to be in litigation at 3 and 12 months postinjury. Those seeking or receiving compensation via administrative means (e.g., sick @entity63606 ) at intake were generally not seeking or receiving compensation by 3 months or later, as was the case for most of those not seeking any financial compensation at intake. @entity1 seeking or receiving financial compensation via litigation and/or administrative means at intake took longer to return to work than did @entity1 who were not seeking or receiving compensation at intake. CONCLUSION: The present study design does not allow for determination of the reasons for the strong relationship between financial compensation-seeking soon post-MTBI and a slow return to work. However, the strength of the present findings indicates that the presence or absence of financial compensation-seeking soon post-MTBI should be routinely evaluated when return to work is an issue.

title: A longitudinal study of compensation-seeking and return to work in a treated mild XXXX sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity63606 :: ('MESH:C536135', 'Disease') :: ["pay or workers' compensation"]

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: Although the pre-surgical management of @entity1 with @entity6477 prioritizes rapid transport to the operating room, there is conflicting evidence regarding the importance of time interval from injury to surgery with regards to outcomes. We sought to determine the association of surgical timing with outcomes for @entity3439 . A retrospective review was performed of 522 consecutive @entity1 admitted to a single center from 2006-2012 who underwent emergent craniectomy for @entity6477 . After excluding @entity1 with unknown time of injury, penetrating @entity130 , concurrent @entity130 , @entity4282 , or intraparenchymal @entity548 greater than 30mL, there remained 45 @entity1 identified for analysis. Using a multiple regression model, we examined the effect of surgical timing, in addition to other variables on in-hospital mortality (primary outcome), as well as the need for tracheostomy or gastrostomy (secondary outcome). We found that increasing injury severity score (odds ratio [OR] 1.146; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.035-1.270; p=0.009) and age (OR1.066; 95%CI 1.006-1.129; p=0.031) were associated with in-hospital mortality in multivariate analysis. In this model, increasing time to surgery was not associated with mortality, and in fact had a significant effect in decreasing mortality (OR 0.984; 95%CI 0.971-0.997; p=0.018). Premorbid @entity117 use was associated with a paradoxical decrease in mortality (OR 0.019; 95%CI 0.001-0.392; p=0.010). In this @entity1 sample, shorter time interval from injury to surgery was not associated with better outcomes. While there are potential confounding factors, these findings support the evaluation of @entity5084 as a priority in future study.

title: Time interval to surgery and outcomes following the surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute traumatic subdural hematoma', 'acute subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity5084 :: ('MESH:D012298', 'Disease') :: ['rigorous preoperative resuscitation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'cerebrovascular injury']

answer: @entity6477 :: (MESH:D020199,Disease) :: ['acute traumatic subdural hematoma']


abstract: Antisera were developed in @entity95 after challenge with intracellular antigens of @entity5132 , @entity9841 and @entity7409 . Microorganism @entity7525 has been correlated with virulence, resistance to drugs and immunogenicity. The intracellular @entity7525 is consistently present in strains of Candida and in this paper, the enzyme activity was analysed by PAGE after exposition to antisera. The catalases of @entity5132 , @entity7409 and @entity9841 were immunogenic and differed in their binding to specific antibodies raised in @entity95 . Tests of cross-reactivity between different Candida species showed that when antiserum from @entity5132 immunized @entity95 was incubated with intracellular extracts of these three Candida species, the catalases activities were abolished. However, the antisera from @entity7409 or @entity9841 immunized @entity95 did not affect the @entity7525 activity of @entity5132 ; the enzyme of @entity5132 was inactivated only by the antiserum to the @entity7525 of own C. albicans. The antiserum to the @entity7525 of @entity9841 was species-specific and did not cross-react with catalases of @entity5132 and @entity7409 . The activities of @entity11150 and @entity291 catalases were not affected by the antiserum from any Candida immunized @entity95 . This report is a preliminary study of specific antisera that react against intracellular @entity7525 of Candida sp. and neutralize the enzymatic activity. Further study is necessary to develop species-specific antibody once differences in the susceptibility of the Candida species to commonly used antifungal drugs make identification to the species level important.

title: XXXX activity of different Candida species after exposition to specific antiserum.

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity7525 :: (100340891(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['Catalase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperatively diagnosed @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) has the potential to have occult invasion. The predictors of @entity189 underestimation in @entity1 with @entity3821 diagnosed by preoperative percutaneous biopsy were identified and the effects of underestimation on axillary management were evaluated. METHODS: Medical records of 280 @entity1 preoperatively diagnosed as @entity3821 who underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The @entity1 were divided into non-invasive and @entity189 groups according to the final pathological diagnosis. Risk predictors of @entity189 underestimation and axillary lymph node (ALN) @entity3 were analyzed. The axillary status estimated by pathological diagnosis and one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay was evaluated. RESULTS: The presence of an @entity189 was overlooked in 104 (37.1  %) @entity1 . A clinically palpable mass was an independent risk predictor of @entity189 underestimation by multivariate analysis. There was no risk predictor of ALN @entity3 . No ALN @entity3 was seen in @entity189 group. Six (6.2  %) @entity1 in @entity189 group had macro- or micrometastasis in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Non-SLN @entity3 was observed in 3 @entity1 of them. Fourteen @entity1 with only @entity5 cells (ITCs) or only OSNA-positive SLNs had no @entity3 in non-SLNs. CONCLUSIONS: SLN biopsy and, if necessary, subsequent ALN dissection (ALND) should be performed in @entity1 with @entity3821 who have a risk predictor of underestimation. ALND can be avoided in @entity1 who have histologically negative or ITC-positive SLNs, regardless of the presence of invasion on final pathological diagnosis.

title: Preoperatively diagnosed XXXX : risk prediction of invasion and effects on axillary management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma', 'non-invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3821 :: (MESH:D002285,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal weight-to-height ratio to achieve maturity of the reproductive organs when visualized by pelvic ultrasound in adolescent @entity1 with @entity1278 . To examine the distribution of weight-to-height ratios in the group of adolescents in whom pelvic maturity was attained. METHODS: Adolescent @entity1 with @entity1278 received serial transabdominal pelvic ultrasound scans as they regained weight. A record of their weight-to-height ratio had been noted on each occasion. The scans were defined as mature or immature using strict criteria. RESULTS: There was a wide range of weight-to-height ratios in both the mature and immature groups of @entity1 with a considerable overlap between the groups. However, 88% of the sample required a weight-to-height ratio of 100% (body mass index [BMI] 20) to achieve reproductive maturity. CONCLUSION: Previous target weights have been too low to ensure reproductive maturity. The resulting hypoestrogenic state increases the risk of future @entity170 . Pelvic ultrasound is the safest and most reliable method for determining ovarian and uterine maturity in adolescent @entity1 with @entity1278 .

title: Restoration of ovarian and uterine maturity in adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['anorexia nervosa']


abstract: @entity980 ( @entity980 ) is the most common type of soft tissue @entity242 in @entity1 . Circulating @entity5 cells in peripheral blood or disseminated to bone marrow, a concept commonly referred to as @entity41 ( @entity41 ), are thought to be key to the prediction of @entity3 and treatment efficacy. To date, two @entity41 markers, @entity9171 and MYOGENIN, have been tested; however, @entity41 detection continues to be challenging mainly owing to the closeness of the detection limit and the discordance of both markers in some samples. Therefore, the addition of a third marker could be useful for more accurate @entity41 assessment. The @entity22284 gene is expressed during embryo development in all myogenic precursor cells in the dermomyotome. As @entity980 cells are thought to originate from these muscle precursor cells, they are expected to be positive for @entity22284 . In this study, @entity22284 expression was characterized in @entity5 cell lines and @entity5 , showing wide expression in @entity980 . Detection sensitivities by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of the previously proposed markers, @entity9171 and MYOGENIN, were similar to that of @entity22284 , thereby indicating the feasibility of its detection. Interestingly, the flow cytometry experiments supported the usefulness of this technique in the quantification of @entity41 in @entity980 using @entity22284 as a marker. These results indicate that flow cytometry, albeit in some cases slightly less sensitive, can be considered a good approach for @entity41 assessment in @entity980 and more consistent than qPCR, especially owing to its greater specificity. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorting permits the recovery of cells, thereby providing material for further characterization of circulating or disseminated @entity5 cells.    2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.

title: Optimization of XXXX disseminated disease assessment by flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['RMS', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: Previous studies demonstrate that the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators determines the stable or progressive nature of periapical @entity738 by modulating the balance of the osteoclastogenic factor @entity5298 and its antagonist @entity5299 . However, the cytokine networks operating in the development of @entity1548 are quite more complex than what the simple pro- versus anti-inflammatory mediators' paradigm suggests. Here we simultaneously investigated the patterns of @entity1198 , Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, Thf, @entity18012 and Tregs cytokines/markers expression in @entity1 periapical @entity738 . METHODS: The expression of @entity310 , @entity379 , @entity4155 , @entity4452 , @entity15787 , @entity6889 , @entity688 , @entity3646 , @entity4666 , @entity13236 , @entity403 markers (via RealTimePCR array) was accessed in active/progressive (N=40) versus inactive/stable (N=70) periapical @entity738 (as determined by @entity5298 / @entity5299 expression ratio), and also to compare these samples with a panel of control specimens (N=26). A cluster analysis of 13 cytokine levels was performed to examine possible clustering between the cytokines in a total of 110 @entity738 . RESULTS: The expression of all target cytokines was higher in the @entity738 than in control samples. @entity310 , @entity379 , @entity4155 and @entity15787 mRNA levels were significantly higher in active @entity738 , while in inactive lesions the expression levels of @entity3646 , @entity4666 , @entity688 , @entity13236 and @entity403 were higher than in active @entity738 . Five clusters were identified in inactive lesion groups, being the variance in the expression levels of @entity4155 , @entity688 , @entity403 , @entity379 , @entity4666 , @entity6889 and @entity3646 statistically significant (KW p<0.05). Three clusters were identified in active lesions, being the variance in the expression levels of @entity13236 , @entity688 , @entity379 , @entity4155 , @entity6889 , @entity403 , @entity15787 and @entity5298 statistically significant (KW p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a clear dichotomy in the profile of cytokine expression in inactive and active @entity1548 . While the widespread cytokine expression seems to be a feature of chronic lesions, hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrates the association of @entity310 , @entity15787 , @entity4155 and @entity379 with lesions activity, and the association of @entity403 , @entity688 , @entity4666 , @entity3646 and @entity13236 with lesions inactivity.

title: Simultaneous analysis of T helper subsets ( @entity1198 , Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, Tfh, @entity18012 and Tregs) markers expression in XXXX reveals multiple cytokine clusters accountable for lesions activity and inactivity status.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['periapical lesions']

answer: @entity1548 :: (MESH:D010483,Disease) :: ['periapical lesions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A prospective study to assess @entity137 and survival outcomes after intensity-modulated whole-abdominal irradiation (IM-WAI) following surgery and adjuvant intravenous @entity3003 / @entity3907 chemotherapy in advanced @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 2006 and 2009, 16  @entity1 with optimally resected @entity43 , who had received six cycles of adjuvant @entity3003 / @entity3907 chemotherapy were treated with consolidation IM-WAI. Radiotherapy was delivered to a total dose of 30  Gy in 1.5-Gy fractions, using step-and-shoot (n   =   3) or helical tomotherapy (n   =   13). The first 10  @entity1 were treated within a phase  I trial; the following @entity1 received the same treatment modality. The target volume included the entire peritoneal cavity, the diaphragm, the liver capsule, and the pelvic and para-aortic node regions. Organs at risk were kidneys, liver, heart, and bone marrow. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 44  months (range 19.2-67.2  months). No grade  4 @entity137 occurred during IM-WAI. Common @entity137 Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade  3 @entity137 were: @entity294 (25   %), @entity1210 (19   %), @entity1209 (6   %), and @entity882 (6   %). No @entity137 -related treatment break was necessary. @entity1744 occurred in a total of 6  @entity1 : in 3  cases (19   %) due to postsurgical adhesions and in 3  cases due to local @entity5 recurrence (19   %). Median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 27.6  months (95   % confidence interval, CI  =   24-44  months) and median overall survival (OS) was 42.1  months (95   %CI  =   17-68  months). The peritoneal cavity was the most frequent site of initial failure. CONCLUSION: Consolidation IM-WAI following surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy is feasible and can be performed with manageable acute and late @entity137 . The favorable RFS outcome is promising and justifies further clinical trials.

title: Intensity-modulated whole abdomen irradiation following adjuvant XXXX / @entity3907 chemotherapy for @entity43 : Four-year outcomes.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['FIGO stage  III ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH) is characterized by insidious onset and gradual development of the triad of gait disturbance, @entity303 , and @entity322 . @entity390 , @entity391 , and signs of @entity428 do not occur. A 71-year-old male @entity1 was scheduled for total knee replacement due to @entity571 of right knee joint. No neurological symptoms and signs except mild forgetfulness were detected during physical examination following admission. Due to operational mistakes, the anesthesiologist was informed that the surgery was cancelled just after completion of induction of general anesthesia. The @entity1 was allowed to emerge from anesthesia. Unfortunately, his consciousness became drowsy the next morning. After a series of examinations, he was at last diagnosed as a case of NPH principally by the brain computed tomography scan. So he was scheduled again but this time for vetriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt. The @entity1 regained consciousness after V-P shunt. From this case, we learned that NPH may remain in concealment in the @entity1 we contacted in our daily practice. A vigilant physician should keep in mind that the presentation of gait disturbance, @entity303 , and @entity322 in a @entity1 may indicate the likelihood of NPH.

title: Normal pressure XXXX found after anesthesia--a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4639 Background: Invasive @entity150 has a 50% mortality rate. Adjuvant chemotherapy is used to try to improve survival, but is of unproven benefit. GC and MVAC have similar response rates and survival in the metastatic setting, with GC having less @entity137 (JCO 17: 3068). We have used the GC regimen for @entity1 with high grade @entity150 with poor prognostic features after cystectomy when they have not been candidates for MVAC for medical or personal @entity1 reasons. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy between 1997 and 2002. Chemotherapy consisted of 3-4 cycles of adjuvant @entity136 1000mg/m2 (days 1 _ 8) and @entity900 (35mg/m2 days 1 _ 2). All @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy and receiving adjuvant GC at USC were eligible. Medical records were examined and tissues were studied for various molecular markers, including @entity876 , @entity2151 reductase (RR) and @entity11833 . RESULTS: 25 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. Median age was 68; 72% were @entity1803 or pT4; 68% had lymph nodes involved. All @entity1 had @entity1606 . @entity876 was mutated in 75%. The median number of cycles of GC was 3 (84% had 3-4 cycles). 11 @entity1 (44%) had grade 3 or 4 hematologic @entity137 and 2 (8%) had grade 3 non-hematologic @entity137 . Median follow-up was 25.1 (8.7-49.7) months. 8 @entity1 have died. The median time to recurrence was 49.7 (12.3-49.7+) months with median overall survival of 49.7+ (16.6-49.7+) months. Evaluation of tissue blocks for molecular correlates such as @entity11833 and RR is in progress and will be reported. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant GC chemotherapy is feasible and effective in the setting of locally advanced @entity150 and will be studied in a prospective, randomized fashion. For the 17 @entity1 with node-positive @entity150 , adjuvant GC is associated with disease-free median survival of 23.6 (11.3, 49.7+) months and median survival of 23.8+ (16.6, 49.7+) months. [Table: see text].

title: Adjuvant XXXX and @entity900 (GC) for locally advanced @entity150 after radical cystectomy: A USC experience with molecular correlates.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1820 are the most commonly occurring @entity5 worldwide. @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is the second and third most commonly diagnosed @entity5 in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Despite the advent of screening and the declining incidence of @entity14 overall, most @entity1 are not diagnosed at an early, localized stage. Due to resistance to chemotherapy, recurrence, and metastatic disease, those diagnosed with @entity1442 have only a 12% 5-year survival rate. Given the overwhelming global impact of @entity14 , the need for advanced therapy is crucial. Targeted immunotherapy in addition to surgical resection, traditional chemotherapy, and radiation therapy is on the rise. For the purpose of this review, we focused on the advances of immunotherapy, particularly in @entity14 , with mention of research pertaining to particular advances in immunotherapy for other aspects of the GI system. We review basic immunology and the microenvironment surrounding @entity14 that lead to immune system evasion and poor responses to chemotherapy. We also examined the way these obstacles are proving to be the targets of @entity5 specific immunotherapy. We will present current FDA approved immunotherapies such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting @entity5 specific antigens, as well as vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, cytokines, and check-point inhibitors. A summation of prior research, current clinical trials, and prospective therapies in @entity19 models help delineate our current status and future strategies on @entity14 immunotherapy.

title: Developments in immunotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC', 'colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']


abstract: Eleven subjects performed one-legged exercise four times per week for 5 wk. The subjects exercised one leg for 45 min with restricted blood flow (R leg), followed by exercise with the other leg at the same absolute workload with unrestricted blood flow (UR leg). mRNA and protein expression were measured in biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle obtained at rest before the training period, after 10 days, and after 5 wk of training, as well as 120 min after the first and last exercise bouts. Basal @entity877 and @entity38731 mRNA levels increased in both legs with training. The @entity877 -to- @entity3658 ratio increased to a greater extent in the R leg. The changes in @entity877 mRNA were followed by similar changes at the protein level. In the R leg, @entity7 mRNA expression responded transiently after acute exercise both before and after the 5-wk training program. Over the course of the exercise program, there was a concurrent increase in basal @entity7 protein and @entity319 mRNA in the R leg. Ki-67 mRNA showed a greater increase in the R leg and the protein was localized to the endothelial cells. In summary, the increased translation of @entity7 is suggested to be caused by the short mRNA burst induced by each exercise bout. The concurrent increase in the @entity877 -to- @entity3658 ratio and the @entity7 -expression combined with the higher level of Ki-67 mRNA in the R leg indicate that changes in these systems are of importance also in nonpathological angiogenic condition such as @entity2798 in @entity1 . It further establish that @entity519 / @entity63 -related metabolic perturbation is likely to be involved as stimuli in this process in @entity1 skeletal muscle.

title: The influence of physical training on the angiopoietin and @entity7 systems in XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary exercise']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: To examine whether parents who lost a @entity1 have an increased risk of hospitalization because of @entity164 1 or @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: We identified all parents who lost a @entity1 in Denmark from 1980 to 1996 (stress exposed), and compared them with parents randomly selected from all other parents in the country at that time without such a bereavement. Fifteen non-bereaved families were matched to each bereaved family for family size and the age of the @entity1 . First hospitalizations for @entity164 1 or @entity164 2 @entity6 were monitored in these two groups up to 18 years after the bereavement. There were 21 062 parents in the bereaved cohort and 293 745 parents in the non-bereaved cohort. The study was based upon linkage of several national registers, and first-time hospitalization with @entity6 ( @entity164 1 or @entity164 2) was the end point. RESULTS: Five hundred and fifty-one cases were hospitalized because of @entity164 1 @entity6 and 1569 cases because of @entity164 2 @entity6 . There was a 29% higher risk of hospitalization because of @entity164 1 @entity6 [95% CI -5 to 75%; corresponding to a relative risk (RR) of 1.29; 95% CI 0.95-1.75] and a 44% higher risk of hospitalization because of @entity164 2 @entity6 (95% CI 21-71%; corresponding to an RR of 1.44; 95% CI 1.21-1.71) in the bereaved cohort. The high risk of hospitalization because of @entity164 2 @entity6 following bereavement was only statistically significant for mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological stress may be a contributing cause of, or have prognostic importance for, both @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 , but a statistically significant association was only seen for @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Hospitalization because of XXXX and bereavement: a national cohort study of parents who lost a @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The role of surgery cannot be discussed independently, but in relationship to the other modalities of treatment. Sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy has revolutionized the role of surgery in axillary staging. Techniques of sentinel node mapping, the timing relative to chemotherapy, possible contraindications, and the necessity of completion axillary dissection are all under active investigation. The next few years will see continued changes in this important technique. Techniques of localizing clinically occult @entity5 are numerous and under study. These are not yet at the level of Phase III comparative trials. Induction chemotherapy has long been standard care for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 . It has not become standard care for Stage I or II @entity0 that meet criteria for adjuvant therapy. The ability to significantly downsize 80% of @entity0 is reason enough to make it usual practice for @entity1 who are certain to receive chemotherapy, if only for the cosmetic advantage that would accrue. Much has been made of the use of thermal ablation of small @entity0 by small probes introduced by @entity272 . In initial trials the lesions were excised after being heated or frozen. Current studies are leaving the destroyed tissue in place and following for evidence of control or recurrence. The value of this approach in terms of cosmesis is unproven, and the timing of its introduction when small @entity5 are being evaluated for margins and genetic markers, make it difficult to imagine broad acceptance. Finally, the role of prophylactic surgery for @entity1 at increased risk remains a difficult equation, compounded of alternatives such as chemoprevention, availability and effectiveness of surveillance techniques, and the level of fear and @entity148 of the @entity1 .

title: The future of surgery in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin puncture']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']