abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) placement and palliative gastrojejunostomy (GJJ) are palliative treatment options for malignant @entity1084 . OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical outcomes of palliative treatments for @entity1084 caused by unresectable @entity356 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University-affiliated tertiary-care hospital in the Republic of Korea. @entity1 : Two hundred fifty-six @entity1 with @entity1084 caused by unresectable @entity356 . INTERVENTION: @entity1702 placement and palliative GJJ. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Patency duration and overall survival duration. RESULTS: In total, 217 and 39 @entity1 underwent @entity1702 placement and palliative GJJ, respectively, as an initial palliative treatment. Treatment modality affected reobstruction after clinical success (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval {CI}], 0.5 [0.3-0.8] of palliative GJJ). In addition, @entity189 with @entity843 was an independent associated factor of clinical success and reobstruction (HR [95% CI], 0.3 [0.1-0.7] and 1.4 [1.0-2.0], respectively). In a subgroup of @entity1 with good performance who had neither @entity189 nor @entity843 , patency duration and overall survival duration did not differ between the 2 groups (P  = .079 and P  = .290, respectively). In @entity1 with good performance who had @entity189 without @entity843 , patency duration was longer in the palliative GJJ group than in the @entity1702 placement group (P  = .016). Overall survival, however, did not differ between the 2 groups (P  = .062). In a subgroup of @entity1 with good performance who had @entity189 with @entity843 , both patency duration and overall survival were longer in the palliative GJJ group than in the @entity1702 placement group (P  = .007 and P  = .012, respectively). LIMITATIONS: Nonrandomized, retrospective study. CONCLUSION: Long-term clinical outcomes of the palliative treatment modality for @entity1084 caused by  unresectable @entity356 were affected by @entity189 and @entity843 status.

title: Impact of @entity189 and XXXX status on long-term outcomes of palliative treatment for @entity1 with @entity1084 caused by unresectable @entity356 : stent placement versus palliative gastrojejunostomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['SEMS', 'Self-expandable metal stent']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Upper blepharoplasties are a common procedure in plastic surgery. This procedure can be performed effectively under local anesthesia with or without sedation. The ideal local anesthetic should cause less intraoperative @entity548 and less postoperative @entity4 . Our study aimed to show the difference between the two local anesthetics 1% @entity5403 (Xylonaest) in combination with @entity1425 1:100,000 and @entity1342 (Naropin) in combination with @entity1425 1:100,000 including @entity2827 , particularly in regard to swelling and @entity548 in @entity1 undergoing upper blepharoplasties. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this double-blind, prospective, randomized study, 31 @entity1 between March 2014 and September 2014 were included. The anesthetic agents used in all cases were 1% @entity5403 (Xylonaest) in combination with @entity1425 1:100,000 for one side and @entity1342 consisting of 10-mg Naropin, 5-ml @entity2827 , and 1-ml @entity1425 for the other side. The data presented in this study were collected by one of the surgeons performing the surgery. @entity954 and postoperative @entity4 were both calculated using a score of five points for each. RESULTS: The average @entity548 tendency was 3.39 for @entity5403 and 1.71 for local @entity1342 , showing a significant difference (p  <  0.0001) between both local anesthetics in @entity548 tendency. There was also a significant minor swelling at all times on the side on which @entity1342 was used. DISCUSSION: In our study, we demonstrated that @entity1342 (Naropin) has less intra- and postoperative side effects including swelling and @entity548 compared with @entity5403 (Xylonaest).

title: A double-blind randomized prospective study comparing @entity5403 versus XXXX in upper blepharoplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']


abstract: L-Dopa, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of @entity2661 , is now widely used in the treatment of @entity304 . A number of clinical observations suggested that L-dopa may induce changes in its own metabolism during the course of therapy. In the present study, it was found that when L-dopa was administered to @entity35 , the activity of liver aromatic @entity14890 decarboxylase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of dopa to @entity935 , was reduced by as much as 50%. There were no corresponding changes in enzyme activity in heart, adrenals, kidneys, and brain. Decarboxylase activity in the liver continued to decrease for at least 5 days after the last dose of L-dopa. The reduction of enzyme activity in the liver occurred when L-dopa was administered either subcutaneously or orally at doses comparable to those used clinically. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that this action of L-dopa is not due to some effect on the cofactor, @entity2707 . Immunological evidence was obtained that enzyme protein is reduced in the same proportion as enzyme activity. By a reduction of decarboxylase activity in liver without any affect on the enzyme in brain, more L-dopa should be made available to the brain for decarboxylation to @entity935 . These findings may explain the clinical observations that the therapeutic efficacy of the drug increases with continued administration.

title: Decrease in liver aromatic XXXX decarboxylase produced by chronic administration of L-dopa.

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2707 :: ('MESH:D011732', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxal phosphate']

entities_list: @entity14890 :: ('CHEBI:15705', 'Chemical') :: ['L-amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity14890 :: (CHEBI:15705,Chemical) :: ['L-amino-acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of @entity455 and prognostic factors. METHODS: The clinic data of 42 cases of congenital vascular from January 2010 to December 2013 was analyzed retrospectively (accounting for 1.04% congenital heart operations over the same period ). There were 26 male and 16 female @entity1 , aged at surgery 24 days to 6 years (average 10.7 months). The diagnosis including @entity358 sling in 26 cases, double @entity8521 in 10 cases, right @entity8521 with @entity5216 in 3 cases, @entity358 sling and right @entity8521 with @entity5216 in 2 cases, @entity358 sling and left @entity8521 with vagus right subclavian artery in 1 case. In addition to 4 cases the remaining 38 @entity1 were still combined with other @entity65 . Thirty-six cases of @entity1 underwent spiral CT airway remodeling, 23 @entity1 underwent fiber- bronchoscopy. In addition to 2 cases of @entity1030 not seen, the rest of the @entity1 were present in varying degrees in different parts of @entity6184 or @entity825 . All @entity1 underwent surgical correction of @entity455 , concomitant @entity299 correction surgery according to the situation (7 cases of @entity118 repair, 3 of @entity1757 repair, 1 of mitral valvuloplasty, 1 of bi-Glenn, 1 of @entity1498 correction with @entity1757 repair, 1 of trilogy of Fallot correction). One case suffered resection of @entity6184 and Slide tracheoplasty simultaneously, another case was implanted tracheal stenting postoperatively after @entity358 sling correction. RESULTS: Three @entity1 died in hospital (7.1%), the cause of @entity204 were recurrent @entity738 formation postoperatively. Remaining 39 @entity1 were successfully discharged. The median time of overall survival of @entity1 with mechanical ventilation was 14 h (22 h) (M (QR)), median ICU residence time was 5 d (8 d), and the median in-hospital time was 19 d (9 d). Tracheal intubation time and postoperative ICU duration time in @entity1 with @entity358 sling @entity1 were much more than in @entity1 with double @entity8521 (23 h (123 h) vs. 9 h(9 h), 7 d (13 d) vs. 4 d (2 d)), but the difference were not statistically significant. There was significant difference in the duration of hospitalization between the @entity1 with the @entity358 sling and double @entity8521 (23 d (9 d) vs. 16 d(6 d)) (  (2) = 10.157, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The recent results of surgical treatment of @entity455 is safe and effective. The extent and scope of @entity6184 and @entity825 is a critical influence prognosis.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheomalacia']

entities_list: @entity8521 :: ('MESH:D001015', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['congenital vascular ring']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart deformity']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['vagus left subclavian artery', 'aberrant left subclavian artery']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['congenital vascular ring']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the available treatments for unresectable @entity5 is the insertion of metal stents. AIMS: We evaluated prospectively 147 @entity1 suffering from @entity5 and/or @entity292 , after inserting a self-expandable metal stent. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 147 @entity1 (87 males, mean age 73 years). @entity1282 before and after stent placement was scored. @entity1 were divided in two groups according to @entity1282 grade: group A (grade 0, 1) and group B (grades 2, 3, 4). Three types of stents were used: the Ultraflex stent (covered and uncovered) and the @entity19929 one (covered). The total number of self-expandable metal stents placed was 183. A total of 92 of them were inserted following the combined endoscopic and fluoroscopic approach (42 by injecting @entity4831 ), while 91 were placed under endoscopic control only. Early and late complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean @entity1282 score in group A, 1 day and 1 month after the procedure, was slightly reduced from 0.8 to 0.5/0.6 (p=NS), respectively. However, there was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.001) of mean @entity1282 score in group B, from 2.4 initially to 1.1/1.4. Early complications occurred in 37 cases, late ones in 51. According to severity, @entity532 occurred in 24 @entity1 , major in 42, while life-threatening ones in 22. Survival ranged from 1 to 611 days and 1-week mortality was 9%. Stent-related @entity204 occurred in six @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: All kinds of endoscopic methods used for stenting in the present study were easy to perform even on an out- @entity1 basis. Insertion of self-expandable metal stents is effective in @entity1 with @entity1282 scores > or = 2. It might not clinically improve @entity1 with @entity1282 score <2, so selection of @entity1 for stenting is essential to avoid unnecessary procedures. Moreover, their high cost, high complication rates and low overall survival may improve following better selection criteria.

title: Are metal stents effective for palliation of @entity5 and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant dysphagia', 'oesophagogastric malignancies']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['minor complications']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: Although oxidized lipoproteins may play an important role in the progression of @entity731 , no report has mentioned the significance of oxidized lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) in the pathogenesis of @entity65 . Initially, we compared the mitogenic actions of @entity3452 and oxidized @entity3452 on @entity1 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). @entity3452 significantly stimulated the growth of @entity1 VSMC in a dose-dependent manner, whereas oxidized @entity3452 showed a stronger stimulatory action on VSMC growth than native @entity3452 . Interestingly, antioxidants @entity5119 and @entity5470 inhibited the oxidation of @entity3452 . Moreover, the stimulatory effect of oxidized @entity3452 on @entity1 VSMC growth was significantly inhibited by @entity5119 . Finally, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms of how @entity3452 stimulated the growth of VSMC. @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ), as those controlled by kinases, modulate critical cellular functions such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, was transiently phosphorylated by oxidized @entity3452 as well as native @entity3452 from 5 minutes, and the phosphorylation disappeared within 30 minutes. The degree of @entity3963 phosphorylation by oxidized @entity3452 was much higher than that by native @entity3452 . Administration of a specific inhibitor of @entity8047 , @entity4286 , significantly attenuated VSMC growth induced by native @entity3452 or oxidized @entity3452 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). The current study demonstrated that oxidized @entity3452 is more potent than native @entity3452 in stimulating VSMC growth. Oxidized @entity3452 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity455 .

title: Mitogenic activity of oxidized lipoprotein (a) on XXXX vascular smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5470 :: ('MESH:C065180', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvastatin']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['Extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity5119 :: ('MESH:D011341', 'Chemical') :: ['probucol']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Daphne gnidium L. (Thymeleacees) is a famous Moroccan plant with @entity5 -related ethnobotanical use. Previously, we demonstrated that @entity1046 extract of D. gnidium had antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic potential on @entity1 @entity0 MCF-7 cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the antiproliferative effect of this extract was similar for different @entity1 @entity5 cell lines such as @entity2 and SMMC-7721 @entity157 cells. Moreover, this work essentially focused on the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated by @entity2454 on A549 and SMMC-7721 cells. The characterization of the mechanisms involved in this effect was determined by @entity880 dehydrogenase test, apoptosis assays and western blot analyses. Our present study has shown that this extract strongly inhibited proliferation of A549 (IC50: 213    15  g/ml) and SMMC-7721 (IC50: 170    13  Lg/ml) cells. The characterization of antiproliferative effect demonstrated that this extract was an apoptosis inducer in both cell lines tested. The results of western blot analyses have shown in SMMC-7721 cells that this extract activated caspase signaling triggered by the modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins. These findings suggest that this natural extract-induced effects may have novel therapeutic applications for the treatment of different @entity5 types.

title: Antiproliferative and apoptotic potential of Daphne gnidium L. root extract on @entity2 and XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['A549 lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity442 receptor promotes malignant progression and has been recognized as a target for @entity5 therapy. Clinical trials with anti- @entity2856 antibodies provided evidence of therapeutic efficacy but exposed limitations due in part to effects on, and the compensatory function of, the insulin receptor system. Here, we report on the production, characterization, and biologic activity of a novel, IGF-targeting protein (the IGF-Trap) comprising a soluble form of @entity2856 and the Fc portion of hIgG1. The IGF-Trap has a high affinity for @entity442 but low affinity for insulin, as revealed by surface plasmon resonance. It efficiently blocked @entity2856 signaling in several @entity189 cell types and inhibited @entity5 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. In vivo, the IGF-Trap showed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and could suppress the growth of established @entity0 when administered therapeutically into @entity5 -bearing @entity19 , improving disease-free survival. Moreover, IGF-Trap treatment markedly reduced experimental liver metastasis of @entity694 cells, increasing @entity5 cell apoptosis and reducing angiogenesis. Finally, when compared with an anti- @entity2856 antibody or @entity36628 that were used at similar or higher concentrations, the IGF-Trap showed superior therapeutic efficacy to both inhibitors. Taken together, we have developed a targeted therapeutic molecule with highly potent anticancer effects that could address limitations of current @entity2856 -targeting agents. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(4); 1-12.   2015 AACR.

title: The IGF-Trap: Novel Inhibitor of XXXX Growth and Metastasis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGFI', 'hIGFI and hIGFII']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity9608 are one of the most common functional pancreatic @entity5 . Surgical removal is the standard of care. @entity1 unfit for or refusing surgery need an alternative nonsurgical method to alleviate symptoms. EUS has been used to localize, aspirate, and @entity9608 and to inject @entity285 for local ablation. This study is aimed at assessing the feasibility of EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) for managing @entity1 with a symptomatic @entity9608 by using a novel EUS-RFA needle electrode. METHODS: The EUS-RFA system used consists of a prototype 19-gauge needle electrode, generator, and internal cooling system. EUS-guided RFA is performed under real-time visualization at 50 W to ablate @entity788 . RESULTS: In this observational @entity1 case series from a tertiary care center, 3 @entity1 with a symptomatic @entity788 , not eligible for surgery, underwent EUS-RFA by using an internally cooled prototype needle electrode. All had rapid symptom relief with biochemical improvement and remained symptom free at 11 to 12 months of follow-up. There were no procedure-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-RFA with the novel device can be considered in select @entity1 with a symptomatic @entity788 based on preliminary findings of a beneficial effect without adverse events. Assessment of the safety profile requires larger prospective trials.

title: EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation for management of XXXX by using a novel needle electrode (with videos).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insulinomas', 'pancreatic insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['Insulinomas', 'tattoo insulinomas', 'insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic insulinoma']


abstract: The triple-negative @entity0 ( @entity7443 BC) subtype is the most aggressive form of invasive BC. Despite intensive efforts to improve BC treatments, @entity1 with @entity7443 BC continue to exhibit poor survival, with half developing resistance to chemotherapy. Here we identify autophagy as a key mechanism in the progression and chemoresistance of a subset of @entity5 . We demonstrate that @entity16401 , a protein involved in autophagosome formation, is a reliable marker of poor prognosis in @entity7443 BC, validating this prognostic value at both the mRNA and protein levels in several independent cohorts. We also show that @entity16401 has no prognostic value for other BC subtypes (Luminal or @entity1722 BC), thus revealing a specific impact of autophagy on @entity5 . Autophagy is essential for the proliferative and invasive properties in 3D of @entity7443 BC cells characterized by high @entity16401 levels. Interestingly, the activity of the transcriptional co-activator @entity13806 ( @entity13806 ) is regulated by the autophagy process and we identify @entity13806 as a new actor in the autophagy-dependent proliferative and invasive properties of high- @entity16401 @entity7443 BC.   Finally, inhibiting autophagy by silencing @entity10614 or @entity10615 significantly impaired high- @entity16401 @entity5 growth in vivo. Moreover, using a @entity1 -derived @entity5 transplanted into @entity19 , we show that an autophagy inhibitor, @entity503 , potentiates the effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Overall, our data identify @entity16401 as a new prognostic marker for @entity7443 BC and the inhibition of autophagy as a promising therapeutic strategy for @entity7443 BC @entity1 .

title: Inhibition of autophagy as a new means of improving chemotherapy efficiency in high- @entity16401 triple-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TN tumors', 'TN tumor']

entities_list: @entity13806 :: ('10413', 'Gene') :: ['YAP1', 'Yes-associated protein 1']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: Trypanosomatid parasites of the genus @entity3667 are the causative agents of @entity232 , a neglected @entity66 with several clinical manifestations. @entity3667 is the causative agent of @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ), which is largely characterized by ulcerative lesions appearing on the skin. Current treatments of @entity232 include pentavalent antimonials and @entity2379 , however, the toxic side effects of these drugs and difficulty with distribution makes these options less than ideal. @entity14219 ( @entity52650 ) is the first oral treatment available for @entity232 . Originally developed for @entity5 chemotherapy, the mechanism of action of @entity52650 in @entity3667 spp. is largely unknown. While treatment with @entity52650 has proven effective, higher tolerance to the drug has been observed, and resistance is easily developed in an in vitro environment. Utilizing stepwise selection we generated @entity52650 -resistant cultures of @entity3667 and characterized the fitness of @entity52650 -resistant @entity3667 . Resistant parasites proliferate at a comparable rate to the wild-type (WT) and exhibit similar apoptotic responses. As expected, @entity52650 -resistant parasites demonstrate decreased susceptibility to @entity52650 , which reduces after the drug is withdrawn from culture. Our data demonstrate metacyclogenesis is elevated in @entity52650 -resistant @entity3667 , albeit these parasites display attenuated in vitro and in vivo virulence and standard survival rates in the natural sandfly vector, indicating that development of experimental resistance to @entity14219 does not lead to an increased competitive fitness in @entity3667 .

title: Fitness and Phenotypic Characterization of @entity14219 -Resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14219 :: ('MESH:C039128', 'Chemical') :: ['Miltefosine', 'miltefosine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tropical disease']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['L. major', 'Leishmania', 'Leishmania major']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'CL']

answer: @entity3667 :: (5664,Species) :: ['Leishmania major']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is one of the most common reasons of mortality in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 . In nearly 20% of @entity1 with @entity14 metastatic lesions are diagnosed. In general, survival of @entity1 with metastatic lesions to the liver and other organs is poor. Conventional therapy of @entity14 is based on the surgical excision of the @entity5 , chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: was to determine the expression of @entity25909 and @entity31175 molecules inside the @entity5 , at the border of the @entity5 , in the healthy tissue, and peripheral blood, considering @entity1 with @entity14 @entity3 to the liver. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group comprised 39 @entity1 subject to surgical treatment at the Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, due to @entity14 with liver @entity3 . @entity25909 and @entity31175 adhesive molecule levels were determined inside the @entity5 , at the border of the @entity5 , and in the healthy margins of the @entity954 . Additionally, the authors evaluated the peripheral blood level of the above-mentioned molecules on the day of the surgical procedure, and 10 days, thereafter. RESULTS: The mean @entity25909 levels were the highest inside the @entity5 , significantly decreasing towards the direction of healthy tissues. The average peripheral blood molecule levels were four-fold higher on the day of the surgical procedure, as compared to values obtained on the tenth postoperative day. This dependency also concerned the remaining statistical measures.The mean @entity31175 levels showed no significant difference, regardless their location. The authors observed significant, peripheral blood, @entity31175 level differences, considering the day of the surgical procedure and tenth postoperative period. The mean @entity31175 peripheral blood level was several times higher on the day of the surgical procedure, as compared to the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of the activity of @entity25909 and @entity31175 molecules might create opportunities to plan treatment and predict prognosis in case of @entity14 . Proper immuno-therapeutic management which is based on the expression of the above-mentioned molecules might help determine the risk of @entity3 , preventing from their development. In advanced cases treatment of liver @entity3 might be possible.

title: Determination of the activity of @entity25909 (OX-40) and @entity31175 (4-1BB) adhesive molecules by means of flow cytometry in @entity1 with XXXX @entity3 to the liver.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal carcinoma', 'CRC', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We have frequently observed the development of postoperative communicating @entity1276 in @entity1 undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy. This condition may persist in some @entity1 after cranioplasty and require permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. To confirm an independent correlation between hemicraniectomy and the development of communicating @entity1276 , and to detail the frequency and potential clinical factors contributing to this complication, we evaluated our series of @entity1 undergoing hemicraniectomy for life-threatening increases in intracranial pressure secondary to @entity63 or @entity64 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed with a cohort of consecutive @entity1 who underwent emergent hemicraniectomy for medically refractory elevations in intracranial pressure. @entity1 with known independent risk factors for the development of communicating @entity1276 were excluded. Clinical and imaging data were reviewed to determine the incidence and type of @entity1276 after hemicraniectomy, the persistence of @entity1276 after cranioplasty, and the need for permanent CSF diversion. RESULTS: Eighty-eight percent of the eligible @entity1 undergoing hemicraniectomy in our cohort developed postoperative communicating @entity1276 . Half of these @entity1 harbored persistent @entity1276 after cranioplasty and required placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. We noted a strong correlation between prolonged time to replacement of the bone flap and persistence of @entity1276 . CONCLUSION: Communicating @entity1276 is an almost universal finding in @entity1 after hemicraniectomy. Delayed time to cranioplasty is linked with the development of persistent @entity1276 , necessitating permanent CSF diversion in some @entity1 . We propose that early cranioplasty, when possible, may restore normal intracranial pressure dynamics and prevent the need for permanent CSF diversion in @entity1 after hemicraniectomy.

title: Postoperative hydrocephalus in @entity1 undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy for XXXX or @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Background: Subcortical hyperintensities within the cholinergic fiber projections (chSH) on MRI are believed to reflect @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ) which may adversely impact cognition. Additionally, @entity194 represents a commonly used biomarker to support the diagnosis of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Objective: To examine potential differences in neuropsychological test performance between @entity195 @entity1 (n = 234) with high and low chSH volumes and whether these differences corresponded to @entity194 . Methods: A modified version of Lesion Explorer was used to volumetrically quantify chSH severity. The Sunnybrook Hippocampal Volumetry Tool was applied to obtain hippocampal volumes. Composite z-scores to assess executive, memory, and visuospatial functioning were generated from standardized neuropsychological test performance scores. Results: Inter-method technique validation demonstrated a high degree of correspondence with the Cholinergic Pathways Hyperintensities Scale (n = 40,    = 0.84, p < 0.001). After adjusting for @entity1010 , disease severity, global SH volumes, and demographic variables, multivariate analyses revealed a significant group difference, with the high chSH group demonstrating poorer memory function compared to the low chSH group (p = 0.03). A significant difference was found between low and high chSH groups in total (p < 0.05) and left (p < 0.01) hippocampal volume. Conclusion: These results suggest degradation of the cholinergic projections due to strategic @entity6249 may independently contribute to @entity2414 and @entity194 . Future studies examining subcortical @entity455 in the cholinergic pathways may have implications on the development of therapeutic strategies for @entity303 and @entity6249 .

title: Cholinergic Subcortical Hyperintensities in @entity195 XXXX from the Sunnybrook @entity303 Study: Relationships with Cognitive Dysfunction and Hippocampal Atrophy.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small vessel disease', 'SVD']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since the discovery of the first documented case of Paecilomyces in 1963, only five cases of Paecilomyces @entity1244 have been described to date and all of them have predisposing factors such as immunocompromised status or prior nasal surgery. We present the first case of Paecilomyces lilacinus @entity1244 in a fit young @entity1 with no identified predisposing factors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first known case in the UK and in Europe. CASE PRESENTATION: A 20-year-old Iraqi @entity1 who has lived in the UK for the past five years presented with @entity5254 , @entity9905 , and nasal obstruction. She was previously fit and well and had no significant medical history. Imaging revealed a @entity364 that was eventually revealed on cytological examination to be P. lilacinus. CONCLUSIONS: P. lilacinus is both a difficult and important organism to identify because it has intrinsic anti-fungal resistance. In our case, the @entity281 was severe and recurrent, and the organism demonstrated resistance to common oral anti-fungal agents. There was a delay in its diagnosis, owing to its similarity in appearance to Penicillium and a difficulty in distinguishing between the two without specialized knowledge of @entity364 . In the field of otolaryngology, Paecilomyces is relatively unknown. Our intention is to raise awareness of this organism as well as to describe the challenges in its management.

title: Paecilomyces lilacinus causing debilitating @entity1244 in an immunocompetent XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal taxonomy', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 121 Background: 30 day readmission has become an important metric in healthcare delivery. Policymakers have started to factor in readmission rates in their recommendations on reimbursement algorithms. It is unclear whether these methods are applicable to @entity5 @entity1 . More studies are needed in order to understand readmission in the context of @entity5 @entity1 . A few studies have found that the elderly and those with @entity344 are at risk. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked Texas @entity5 Registry and Medicare claims data to describe the patterns of 30 day unplanned readmission among @entity1820 @entity1 in Texas. Only short stays to acute care hospitals were included in the study. Claims data were analyzed for a period of 2 years from the date of @entity5 diagnosis. Modified Poisson regression model was used to identify factors associated with the outcome. RESULTS: 30,199 @entity1 aged 66 and above were included in our study. The incidence of unplanned readmission in our cohort was 15%. The top 10 reasons for readmission were fluid and electrolyte disorders, @entity5 , complications of surgical procedures and medical care, @entity712 , @entity1321 , @entity55 , @entity295 , @entity360 , @entity293 , and complications of device, implant or graft. After multivariate analysis, age >80 (OR 0.79, 0.73-0.85), regional (1.19, 1.11-1.27) and distant disease (1.16, 1.07-1.25), living in less affluent neighborhoods (1.10, 1.01-1.19), and increasing comorbidity index (p<0.0001) were associated with 30 day readmission. @entity418 carried the highest risk for 30 day readmission (1.53, 1.38-1.70). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the top reasons for readmission appear to be @entity5 -related. This means that most of these readmissions are likely not preventable. This should be taken into consideration by policymakers when making recommendations. There are, however, some that may be amenable to outpatient management. This further underlines the importance of primary care involvement in the management of @entity5 @entity1 . Risk factors identified can help risk-stratify @entity1 who may need early follow up post-discharge, in order to prevent early readmission.

title: 30-day readmission among XXXX @entity1 in Texas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['secondary malignancies', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to illustrate the use of endoscopic techniques as an evolving surgical modality in excision of @entity4236 . The authors advocate this method with excision with anterior craniotomy for removal of cribriform plate or anterior cranial fossa @entity5 extension. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of @entity1 with @entity4236 treated surgically at a tertiary care institution from 1991 to 2002 using this surgical paradigm. METHODS: @entity1 were excluded for nonsurgical treatment or nasal and sinus @entity5 excision by nonendoscopic techniques. @entity1 demographics, @entity5 histological findings, presenting signs and symptoms, staging (Kadish and Dulguerov), @entity260 , adjunct therapy, and recurrence were examined. RESULTS: Seven of 13 @entity1 with @entity4236 met all inclusion criteria. The average @entity1 age was 47 years, with a male-to-female distribution of 4 to 3. @entity1 were grouped by @entity5 stage using Kadish (stages A, B, and C included three, one, and three @entity1 , respectively) and Dulguerov (stages T1, T2, and T4 included three, two, and two @entity1 , respectively) methods. Average follow-up was 62.3 months. All @entity1 had an endoscopic excision of the nasal and sinus component with anterior craniotomy. The most common @entity260 was temporary mental status change, which was seen in two @entity1 . There were no postoperative deaths. All @entity1 received radiation therapy, and one also received chemotherapy. Two of the seven @entity1 had recurrences. At last follow-up, six @entity1 had no evidence of disease and one was alive with disease. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic excision of the nasal and sinus component with anterior craniotomy for cribriform or anterior cranial fossa extension is an effective treatment of @entity4236 .

title: XXXX : endoscopic nasal and anterior craniotomy resection.

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

answer: @entity4236 :: (MESH:D018304,Disease) :: ['Esthesioneuroblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome after a sliding osteotomy for @entity85 following malunion of volarly displaced @entity174 . DESIGN: Retrospective review of a consecutive @entity1 series. SETTING: A university-affiliated, tertiary-care center. @entity1 /INTERVENTION: Ten @entity1 with symptomatic distal radius malunion following a volarly displaced @entity174 ( @entity174 ) were treated with an oblique sliding osteotomy and plate fixation, through a volar approach, without using an iliac crest bone graft. Five @entity1 and five @entity1 with an average age of 41.9 years were followed for an average of 2.7 years postoperatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Range of motion, grip strength, Fernandez wrist score, radiographic parameters. RESULTS: At latest follow-up, wrist extension improved from an average of 37 degrees preoperatively to 70 degrees postoperatively (P = 0.002), wrist flexion improved from an average of 40 degrees to 65 degrees (P = 0.012), and supination improved from an average of 31 degrees to 68 degrees (P = 0.002). Postoperative radiographs revealed an average @entity85 of 10.6 degrees of volar tilt, 7.7 degrees of radial inclination, 5.8 mm of ulnar variance, and 10.4 mm of volar translation. Using the Fernandez point score (0-20) system, the average overall score improved from 10.5 preoperatively to 17.6 postoperatively (P = 0.0001). Functional outcome was rated as excellent or good in 9 of 10 @entity1 and fair in 1 @entity1 (who experienced residual problems due to persistent ulnar-sided @entity158 ). There were two reoperations (one hardware removal, one distal ulnar hemiresection). CONCLUSIONS: This method reliably restores distal radial anatomy, @entity158 , and improves supination without requiring iliac crest bone grafting.

title: Sliding osteotomy for XXXX following malunion of volarly displaced @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity correction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'decreases pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radial fracture', "Smith's fracture", 'distal radius fractures']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['deformity correction']


abstract: This study examined temporal changes in growth plate apoptosis molecules and growth factors in an animal model of @entity1161 with and without a radioprotectant. Thirty weanling 5-week @entity35 underwent right knee irradiation with single-fraction 17.5 Gy while the left served as internal control. Six animals each were sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks after irradiation. Half of the animals received pretreatment with @entity8503 ( @entity8503 ) radioprotectant. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity11184 , @entity1976 , @entity2310 , @entity4124 , @entity664 , and @entity1810 was performed. @entity11184 decreased to a nadir at 1 week after irradiation but rebounded to above control levels at 2 weeks in the reserve and transitional zones. The radioprotectant @entity8503 blunted the decrease in @entity11184 but kept @entity11184 expression lower than controls during the rebound phase in untreated irradiated animals. @entity1184 zone @entity2310 expression was decreased by @entity8503 in both irradiated and non-irradiated limbs at 1 and 2 weeks. FGF, @entity1810 , @entity1976 , and caspase levels generally decreased at 1 week and returned thereafter toward control levels. These findings underscore the importance of @entity11184 in response to growth plate irradiation and show the novel finding of a decrease in @entity2310 expression with @entity8503 pretreatment.

title: Temporal changes in XXXX , @entity1976 , @entity2310 , caspase, @entity1810 , and @entity664 expression following growth plate irradiation with or without radioprotectant.

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity11184 :: (24695(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PTHrP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4259 Background: @entity136 is an active agent in @entity788 .Limited data is available about its efficacy and tolerability in @entity1125 . METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated @entity136 efficacy in @entity1 with advanced unresectable @entity1125 at Long Island Jewish Medical Center at New Hyde Park, New York from 1998 to 2002. The study protocol was approved by the hospital Institutional Review Board. Response was defined according to WHO criteria. Survival was calculated from initiation of @entity136 therapy until @entity204 . RESULTS: 12 @entity1 with unresectable or recurrent @entity1125 were identified who received @entity136 therapy. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 63 years (42-73) and Male: Female was 5:7. All @entity1 had ECOG performance status of 0-1. Primary sites included: @entity1086 , n=3; @entity1419 , n=3; extra @entity96 (including @entity6984 ), n=6. Among 5 previously treated @entity1 , 4 had received 5 @entity1487 and 3 were treated with local radiation therapy with concomitant 5 @entity1487 . @entity136 was administered once weekly infusion over 1 hour. Median delivered dose of @entity136 was 750 mg/m(2) (500-1000mg/m(2)) and median number of infusions administered were 9 (3-17). Adverse effects included grade 3 or 4 @entity882 in 2 @entity1 . Six @entity1 required treatment interruption due to biliary tract infections. No objective responses were noted. Nine of 12 (75%) @entity1 had stable disease, and 3 (25%) @entity1 had disease progression. Median time to disease progression in @entity1 with stable disease was 3 months (1-7+). Three of 9 @entity1 with radiographic stable disease had greater than 50% reduction in serum CA 19-9 levels. Median survival of all @entity1 was 6 months (2-15+). CONCLUSIONS: @entity136 therapy is well tolerated and has modest efficacy in @entity1125 .This agent merits further investigation as a single agent or as part of a combination therapy regimen. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Efficacy of @entity136 in advanced unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic biliary duct cancer']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity6984 :: ('MESH:D018285', 'Disease') :: ['Klatskin tumors']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer', 'biliary tract cancers']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['biliary tract cancer']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: What is the complication rate for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) performing fluoroscopic guided lumbar epidural @entity479 injections (LESIs)? METHODS: CRNA @entity158 practitioners responded to questionnaires regarding their education level, experience, and practice locations. @entity1 also collected data on number of fluoroscopic guided LESIs performed and each of 20 complications for a 6-month period, and answered a poll regarding satisfaction with the data collection process. RESULTS: @entity1 represented urban (23%) and rural (77%) practices; as well as office/clinic (31%) hospital (62%) and mixed (7%) practice settings. Both Masters (62%) and Doctoral prepared (38%) CRNAs participated. Their experience in performing fluoroscopic guided LESIs ranged from 1 to 17 years and 50 to 12,000 procedures. Rate of occurrence for each complication was below 1%. @entity1 had higher rates of @entity2981 and vasovagal reactions than other complications. No @entity912 or @entity204 occurred. Neither practice setting nor experience level was related to complication rates. @entity1 expressed interest in participating in additional studies of complication rates. CONCLUSION: CRNAs were able to safely and effectively perform fluoroscopic guided LESIs with complication rates similar to physician rates cited in the literature. @entity532 and CRNA complication rates for other @entity158 management procedures is recommended.

title: Complication Rates for Fluoroscopic Guided Interlaminar Lumbar Epidural XXXX Injections Performed by Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists in Diverse Practice Settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Additional study of definitions of complications']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over-diagnosis of @entity311 among African @entity1 results in mismanagement of @entity281 . Limited laboratory capacity makes it difficult to implement policies that recommend pre-treatment confirmation of infections so a new approach with a package for on-the-spot management of fevers was evaluated. METHODS: Febrile @entity1 presenting to outpatient clinic were randomized to receive either a 'test-treat' package (history with clinical examination; point-of-care tests; choice of @entity506 - @entity16944 , co-amoxiclav and/or @entity1443 ) or routine outpatient care in a secondary health care facility in Kumasi, Ghana. A diagnosis of @entity311 , bacterial, viral or mixed @entity2348 was made using pre-defined criteria. Outcome was resolution of all symptoms including fever on day 7. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 37.5  months (IQR: 19 to 66  months), with 56.7% being males. Compared to routine care the test-treat package resulted in less diagnoses of @entity311 , (37.2% vs 46.2%, p   =   0.190) and mixed @entity311 and @entity2348 (14.0% vs 53.8%, p   <   0.001) but more diagnoses of viral (33.1% vs 0.0%, p   <   0.001) and @entity2348 only (15.7% vs 0.0%, p   <   0.001). @entity1701 (51.2% vs 100.0%, p   <   0.001) and antibiotics (29.7% vs 48.7%, p   <   0.001), were prescribed in the test-treat group on completion of study, more test-treat package @entity1 were clinically well (99.2% vs 80.7%, p   <   0.001) and febrile (0.8% vs 10.1%, p   =   0.001) and less were admitted for inpatient care (0.0% vs 8.4% p   =   0.001) compared to the routine care group. CONCLUSION: Test-treat package improves the effectiveness of outpatient diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with fever and reduces inappropriate prescribing of anti-malarials and antibiotics. The package provides clinicians with the option for immediate diagnosis and treatment of non- @entity311 fevers. The test-treat package now needs to be evaluated in other settings including primary health care facilities.

title: The outcome of a test-treat package versus routine outpatient care for Ghanaian XXXX with fever: a pragmatic randomized control trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['malarial and bacterial infections', 'bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['Less anti-malarials']

entities_list: @entity16944 :: ('MESH:D000655', 'Chemical') :: ['amodiaquine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['non-malaria infections']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine @entity1 , injury, and treatment characteristics associated with recovery trajectories of @entity1 with severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) during inpatient rehabilitation. DESIGN: Observational prospective longitudinal study. SETTING: @entity131 rehabilitation units. @entity1 : Adults (N=206) with severe nonpenetrating @entity131 admitted directly to inpatient rehabilitation from acute care. @entity1 were excluded for prior disability and intentional etiology of injury. INTERVENTIONS: Naturally occurring treatments delivered within comprehensive multidisciplinary teams were recorded daily in 15-minute units provided to @entity1 and family members, separately. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Motor and cognitive @entity15467 were measured on admission, discharge, and every 2 weeks in between and were analyzed with individual growth curve methodology. RESULTS: Inpatient recovery was best modeled with linear, cubic, and quadratic components: relatively steep recovery was followed by deceleration of improvement, which attenuated prior to discharge. Slower recovery was associated with older age, longer @entity772 , and interruptions to rehabilitation. @entity1 admitted at lower functional levels received more treatment, and more treatment was associated with slower recovery, presumably because treatment was allocated according to need. Therefore, effects of treatment on outcome could not be disentangled from effects of case mix factors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1017 during inpatient recovery from severe @entity131 is not a linear process. In observational studies, the specific effects of treatment on rehabilitation outcomes are difficult to separate from case mix factors that are associated with both outcome and allocation of treatment.

title: Functional Recovery After Severe XXXX : An Individual Growth Curve Approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: @entity65591 ( @entity10219 ) has raised a great deal of interest in recent years, because it is probably the only organic "tolerance-sparing" @entity1507 . However, some clinicians doubt whether this drug is really effective in reducing @entity951 and @entity63 . The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse effects (AEs) of @entity10219 in two doses: 50 mg ( @entity10219 -50) and 100 mg ( @entity10219 -100), after single ingestion. Twenty-five male @entity1 (pts) with stable @entity951 were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind and placebo (P) controlled study. Ten of them received @entity10219 -50 or P and fifteen of them @entity10219 -100 or P. Antianginal efficacy of the drugs was evaluated by analyzing the parameters of tolerance of effort and coronary reserve taken from serial exercise stress tests on the treadmill performed before single oral ingestion, then after 2h and 6h. Simple hemodynamic parameters were also evaluated at rest and during exercise. In comparison to P, @entity10219 -50 did not change any parameter of tolerance of effort and coronary reserve, nor any simple hemodynamic parameter (all values statistically not significant - n.s.). However, in comparison to P, @entity10219 -100 significantly improved the mean total walking time after 2h by 20.8% (p < 0.01) and also after 6h by 11.3% (p < 0.05). Similarly, @entity10219 -100 improved walking time to @entity951 after 2h by 18.8% (p < 0.05) and after 6h by 10.5% (p < 0.05). The drug also improved walking time to @entity63 after 2h by 32.5% (p < 0.01) and after 6h by 13.8% (p < 0.05). @entity10219 -100 did not significantly change the resting heart rate, but it decreased resting systolic blood pressure in both positions 6h after ingestion: in supine by 6.1% (p < 0.05) and in standing by 5.9% (p < 0.05). No postural @entity551 in any pt occurred. Diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased only in standing position by 6.8% (p < 0.05) after 6h. During maximal exercise no significant @entity551 occurred, but there was a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure 6h after ingestion only. This study shows the good clinical tolerance and safety of @entity10219 in both doses. There were no AEs after single ingestion of @entity10219 -50 and AEs after ingestion of @entity10219 -100 included headaches in 3 pts only (in 1 pt after P) in the group of 15 pts. Thus no clinical activity of @entity10219 -50 was shown. However, our investigations suggest that @entity10219 -100 is an active coronary drug, effective not less than 6 h after ingestion, and well tolerated by pts. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of @entity10219 in long-term therapy.

title: [Clinical evaluation of XXXX in two doses in @entity1 with stable @entity951 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of systolic blood pressure', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65591 :: ('MESH:D010417', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentaerythritol tetranitrate']

answer: @entity65591 :: (MESH:D010417,Chemical) :: ['pentaerythritol tetranitrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of @entity794 colonization on admission to the ICU and the incidence of @entity794 colonization in the ICU. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 admitted to the ICU in 2000-2001. METHODS: @entity1 were screened for @entity794 with nose, throat, groin, and axilla swabs on admission and discharge. @entity794 acquisition was defined as a negative admission screen and a positive discharge screen. Risk factors analyzed included previous wards/current unit, gender, age, and length of stay prior to and in the ICU. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Of screened @entity1 , 6.8% were @entity794 colonized on admission to the ICU. Some @entity1 (11.4%) became newly colonized during their stay in the ICU. Factors that remained significant in the multivariate analysis of @entity794 colonization on admission were previous admission to various wards and length of stay prior to ICU admission of more than 3 days. In the multivariate analysis of @entity794 acquisition in the ICU, being a @entity130 @entity1 and length of stay in the ICU greater than 2 days remained significant Thirty-six percent of @entity1 had both admission and discharge swabs taken. This percentage increased in the presence of a supervisory nurse. CONCLUSION: Significant acquisition of @entity794 occurs in the ICU of our hospital, with @entity130 @entity1 at increased risk. @entity1 who had been on the cardiothoracic ward prior to the ICU had a lower risk of @entity794 colonization on admission. Presence of a supervisory nurse improved compliance with screening

title: Acquisition of methicillin-resistant XXXX in a large intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: @entity9401 is a member of the Shaker family of voltage-sensitive @entity972 channels and contributes to regulation of membrane excitability. The electrophysiological activity of @entity9401 undergoes @entity669 kinase-dependent suppression in a process involving @entity3547 . We report that @entity3547 elicits suppression of @entity9401 ionic current by modulating channel endocytosis. This occurs through two distinct pathways, one clathrin-dependent and the other @entity165 -dependent. Activation of Rho kinase (ROCK) via the @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) receptor elicits clathrin-dependent @entity9401 endocytosis and consequent attenuation of its ionic current. @entity4991 -induced channel endocytosis is blocked by the ROCK inhibitor @entity12223 or by clathrin RNA interference. In contrast, steady-state endocytosis of @entity9401 in unstimulated cells is @entity165 dependent. Inhibition of basal ROCK signaling with @entity12223 increased surface @entity9401 , an effect that persists in the presence of clathrin small interfering RNA and that is not additive to the increase in surface channel levels elicited by the @entity165 sequestering drug filipin. Temperature block experiments show that ROCK affects @entity165 -dependent trafficking by modulating the recycling of endocytosed channel back to the plasma membrane. Both receptor-stimulated and steady-state @entity9401 trafficking modulated by @entity3547 /ROCK required the activation of dynamin as well as the ROCK effector Lim-kinase, indicating a key role for actin remodeling in @entity3547 -dependent @entity9401 regulation.

title: Dual roles for XXXX /RHO-kinase in the regulated trafficking of a voltage-sensitive @entity972 channel.

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3547 :: (387,Gene) :: ['RHOA']


abstract: @entity18993 of both sexes rely on fat reserves, particularly during the reproduc-tive season. Therefore, hares should select dietary plants rich in fat and energy. However, hares also require essential @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) such as @entity4722 (LA) and @entity7461 ( @entity6053 ) to reproduce and survive. Although hares are able to absorb @entity5204 selectively in their gastrointestinal tract, it is unknown whether this mechanism is sufficient to guarantee @entity5204 supply. Thus, diet selection may involve a trade-off between a preference for energy versus a preference for crucial nutrients, namely @entity5204 . We compared plant and nutrient availability and use by hares in an arable landscape in Austria over three years. We found that @entity18993 selected their diet for high energy content (crude fat and crude protein), and avoided crude fibre. There was no evidence of a preference for plants rich in LA and @entity6053 . We conclude that fat is the limiting resource for this herbivorous @entity1 , whereas levels of LA and @entity6053 in forage are sufficiently high to meet daily requirements, especially since their uptake is enhanced by physiological mechanisms. Animals selected several plant taxa all year round, and preferences did not simply correlate with crude fat content. Hence, @entity18993 might not only select for plant taxa rich in fat, but also for high-fat parts of preferred plant taxa. As hares preferred weeds/grasses and various crop types while avoiding cereals, we suggest that promoting heterogeneous habitats with high crop diversity and set-asides may help stop the decline of @entity18993 throughout Europe.

title: The XXXX ( @entity18993 ): A Picky Herbivore Searching for Plant Parts Rich in Fat.

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity18993 :: ('9983', 'Species') :: ['European hares']

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity18993 :: (9983,Species) :: ['European Hare']


abstract: @entity48 are uncommon @entity5 , and posterior fossa @entity48 may rarely cause @entity733 formation or formation of daughter abscesses within the cerebellum. At present, there are only 16 cases with posterior fossa @entity48 causing @entity76 reported in the literature. Two cases, 22 and 14 months old, with posterior fossa @entity48 and @entity7674 causing @entity76 are reported. In the first one, there was also marked @entity1276 . Retrospective examination of the @entity1 revealed pinpoint-sized dimples in their suboccipital regions. Both @entity1 were treated with antibiotics and underwent posterior fossa surgery. In the @entity1 with marked @entity1276 , ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed after treatment of the @entity281 . Both @entity1 were neurologically normal, and there were no complaints, except a light learning difficulty in the @entity1 with ventriculoperitoneal shunting, 133 and 34 months after surgery, respectively. Early detection of @entity154 along the @entity2270 by routine examination of newborns is highly important before development of serious complications. Because surgery is the only effective treatment modality for these lesions, radical excision should be performed in all cases to avoid @entity5 recurrence. However, subtotal excision may be performed in selected cases, because the cyst capsule may adhere firmly to vital structures.

title: Posterior fossa @entity48 causing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital dermal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['dermal sinus']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['Dermoid cysts', 'dermoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cerebellar abscesses', 'cerebellar abscesses']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['craniospinal axis']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['cerebellar abscesses']


abstract: To determine whether the @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitor @entity12698 affects cardiovascular @entity715 risk, we analyzed the incidence of @entity65 for @entity12698 , placebo, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the entire controlled, @entity625 clinical trial database for @entity12698 . The primary analysis used the Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration end points, which include: (1) cardiovascular, hemorrhagic, and unknown @entity204 , (2) nonfatal @entity583 , and (3) nonfatal @entity64 . Other secondary @entity715 events were also examined. Separate analyses were performed for all @entity1 and for those not taking @entity117 . Data from all controlled, completed @entity625 trials of > or =4 weeks duration, including 13 new drug application studies and 2 large post-marketing trials (CLASS and SUCCESS) were included for analyses. @entity1 were randomized to @entity12698 at doses from 100 to 400 mg twice daily (18,942 @entity1 ; 5,668.2 @entity1 -years of exposure), @entity3522 50 to 75 mg twice daily, @entity5018 800 mg thrice daily, @entity1623 500 mg twice daily (combined NSAID exposure of 11,143 @entity1 ; 3,612.2 @entity1 -years), or placebo (1,794 subjects; 199.9 subject-years). Data from a long-term uncontrolled trial with 5,209 @entity1 (6,950 @entity1 -years) treated with @entity12698 were included in a supplemental analysis. The entire 15-trial database was searched for possible serious @entity715 events as well as to identify all @entity204 . For these @entity1 , detailed clinical data were obtained and reviewed by 2 of the investigators (WBW and JSB), who were independently and blinded to exposure, to classify the event as primary, secondary, or neither. All analyses were done using the intent-to-treat population, and time-to-event analyses were performed using per- @entity1 data. To examine heterogeneity of results among studies, tests of interaction were performed using the Cox model. Incidences of the primary and secondary events were not significantly different between the @entity12698 and placebo groups, nor for the @entity12698 group compared with the NSAIDs group, regardless of @entity117 use and NSAID type. The relative risks comparing @entity12698 with the NSAIDs for the primary events were 1.06 (95% confidence interval 0.70 to 1.61, p = 0.79) for all @entity1 , and 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.48 to 1.56, p = 0.62) for the subgroup not taking @entity117 . Similarly, for secondary cardiovascular end points, all relative risks were < or =1 for @entity12698 compared with either placebo or NSAIDs. These comparative analyses demonstrate no evidence of increased risk of cardiovascular @entity715 events associated with @entity12698 compared with either conventional NSAIDs or placebo.

title: Cardiovascular XXXX events in @entity625 trials of the @entity3840 inhibitor @entity12698 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombotic']


abstract: We evaluated 48 @entity1 arthroscopically treated for @entity730 . All @entity1 ' were treated by removal of the calcific deposit whenever possible and resection of the coracoacromial ligament. Those cases showing evidence of subacromial stenosis by x-ray evaluation or intraoperative findings were treated with an arthroscopic arcromioplasty during the same procedure. For postoperative functional assessment we used the Constant score. After surgery the Constant score significantly improved. All @entity1 who were treated by acromioplasty showed significant flattening of the bony configuration of the acromion. The x-ray review showed that none of the blurred @entity730 regained sharper borders after operation and also that no transparent deposit was converted into a denser appearance after the procedure. Those @entity1 with postoperative elimination or reduction of the @entity730 had significantly better outcomes than those who had no radiographic change. Acromioplasty did not improve the results. The aim of arthroscopic treatment in @entity730 is to remove the calcific deposit.

title: Arthroscopic treatment of XXXX of the shoulder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific deposits', 'calcific tendinitis']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcific tendinitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Fluid overload is associated with adverse outcomes in hemodialysis (HD) @entity1 . Two bedside methods are increasingly utilized to evaluate objectively fluid status-bioimpedance and lung ultrasonography, but there is no available direct, head-to-head comparison of their prognostic significance. Importantly, their predictive abilities have never been tested in a HD population, alongside those of a classic model that also incorporates established echocardiographic parameters of increased mortality risk. Between 26 May 2011 and 26 October 2012, we included in the study 173 @entity1 undergoing chronic HD treatment for at least 3  months in a single dialysis unit. Relative fluid overload (RFO) and @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) were used as candidate predictors. From Cox survival analysis we evaluated the increase in the predictive abilities for all-cause mortality of adding continuous RFO or @entity1892 to a model including conventional predictors . 31 @entity1 (17.9  %) died during a median follow-up of 21.3 (interquartile range 19.9-30.3) months. All Cox models showed good calibration. The C statistic for the all-cause mortality prediction increased significantly when the RFO was included into the baseline model (  C statistics 0.058 95  %CI  =  0.003-0.114), but not when the @entity1892 was included into the baseline model. Only the model that incorporated RFO showed significantly better risk reclassification abilities than the baseline model (IDI  =  3.6  % and continuous NRI  =  24.8  %). Fluid overload, as assessed by bioimpedance, and not by lung ultrasonography, improves risk prediction for @entity204 , beyond classical and echocardiographic-based risk prediction scores/parameters.

title: Bioimpedance analysis versus lung ultrasonography for optimal risk prediction in hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['BLS', 'B-lines score']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ablation (ABL) is a second-line therapy for the management of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Single-center studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of ABL; however, the low event rates render it difficult to assess predictors of major adverse events. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the population-based incidence of data and risk factors for both @entity64 <30 days and @entity204 after @entity955 . METHODS: @entity1 (n = 6207) identified as having undergone @entity955 between 2005 and 2009 by the @entity7452 Ambulatory Surgery Database in 97 nonfederal hospitals in @entity7452 were linked to the @entity7452 @entity1 Discharge Database and to a master @entity204 registry. Data from these @entity1 were analyzed for primary outcomes of 30-day @entity204 and @entity385 . Independent risk factors for these end-points were determined. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 61.9 years, and the majority of the @entity1 were @entity1 . Thirty-day mortality and @entity64 after ABL were 0.39% and 0.61%, respectively. Independent predictors of @entity204 were age >= 80 years (odds ratio [OR] 8.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-43) and @entity712 (OR 9.2, 95% CI 3.0-28). Prior @entity64 /transient @entity385 was the only independent predictor for @entity64 (OR 6.3, 95% CI 3-13). CONCLUSION: In our large population-based study, we found higher procedure-related mortality but comparable @entity64 rate after @entity955 than previously reported. Age >= 80 years and @entity712 was each independently associated with >8-fold increase in odds of @entity204 . The only significant predictor of @entity64 was prior @entity64 /transient @entity63 attack. These findings may aid in @entity1 selection for @entity955 .

title: Risk predictors of @entity64 and mortality after ablation for XXXX : The @entity7452 experience 2005-2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF ABL', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic attack/stroke']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: @entity375 PCNA is a homo-trimeric, ring-shaped DNA polymerase accessory protein that can encircle duplex DNA. The integrity of this multimeric sliding DNA clamp is maintained through the protein-protein interactions at the interfaces of adjacent subunits. To investigate the importance of trimer stability for PCNA function, we introduced single @entity535 substitutions at residues ( @entity62885 , @entity62886 ) that map to opposite ends of the monomeric protein. Recombinant wild-type and mutant PCNAs were purified from @entity526 , and they were tested for their properties in vitro. Unlike the stable wild-type PCNA trimers, the mutant PCNA proteins behaved as monomers when diluted to low nanomolar concentrations. In contrast to what has been reported for a monomeric form of the beta clamp in @entity526 , the monomeric PCNAs were compromised in their ability to interact with their associated clamp loader, replication factor C (RFC). Similarly, monomeric PCNAs were not effective in stimulating the ATPase activity of RFC. The mutant PCNAs were able to form mixed trimers with wild-type subunits, although these mixed trimers were unstable when loaded onto DNA. They were able to function as weak DNA polymerase delta processivity factors in vitro, and when the monomeric PCNA-41 ( @entity62885 , @entity62886 double mutant) allele was introduced as the sole source of PCNA in vivo, the cells were viable and healthy. These pol30-41 mutants were, however, sensitive to UV irradiation and to the DNA damaging agent @entity10842 , implying that DNA repair pathways have a distinct requirement for stable DNA clamps.

title: Monomeric XXXX PCNA mutants are defective in interacting with and stimulating the ATPase activity of RFC.

entities_list: @entity10842 :: ('MESH:D008741', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmethane sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: We present the results of a retrospective study about 101 cases of @entity259 treated in our ENT-department during the period 1979-1998. We consider the epidemiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Epidemiologically 82% of @entity1 were female and 18% male, with a mean age of 51 year. About 12 percent of @entity1 had familiar antecedents of thyroid pathology. The thyroid pathology affected preferently the right thyroid lobe in 40 percent of cases, the left lobe in 28.9 percent, the isthmus in the 6.7 percent and in 24.4 percent it was bilateral. Hormonal 93.8 percent were in euthyroid state and the 6.2 percent of the whole were tested and @entity2742 . Complementary examinations showed, in gammagraphy, a cold solitary nodule in 48 percent of @entity1 . The echography more frequently discovered a solitary nodule in 36.7 percent or multiple solid nodules in 34.7 percent. Fine needle biopsy sensitivity was in 85.7 percent. Histologic types encountered were: @entity1377 (74.26), @entity189 (14.85), H  rthle cells @entity189 (3.96), @entity189 (3.96) and @entity189 (2.97 percent). Choice treatment of @entity259 , in our Department, was total thyroidectomy.

title: [ XXXX . Correlation between diagnostic tests and pathogenic anatomy].

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'medullary carcinoma', 'anaplastic carcinoma', 'follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['show hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the thyroid gland']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationships between symptoms and cystoscopic findings in @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity2335 who had not previously received treatment. METHODS: Twelve newly diagnosed and not previously treated @entity1 with @entity2335 completed a bladder symptom questionnaire the day before undergoing cystoscopy, hydrodistension, and biopsy. The daily voiding frequency was reported. Cystoscopic findings were converted to a numerical scale, and the data were analyzed using Pearson correlations. RESULTS: @entity158 symptoms had consistent positive correlations with the cystoscopic findings. An increase in @entity158 with @entity1494 was associated with @entity32 (P = 0.011), @entity1066 , and smaller bladder capacity. @entity158 relief after voiding correlated with smaller bladder capacity (P = 0.019), @entity811 , and total cystoscopic score. @entity158 intensity in the urethra was related to @entity1066 and @entity811 , and @entity158 in the lower abdomen was related to a smaller bladder capacity (P = 0.047), glomerulations, and a larger total cystoscopic score. Daytime frequency correlated negatively with most cystoscopic findings, and @entity2198 had a positive relationship with most cystoscopic findings and was significantly associated with a smaller bladder capacity (P = 0.010). Urgency showed no strong associations with any cystoscopic findings. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with untreated @entity2335 , a strong correlation between @entity158 and cystoscopic findings was observed. The differences between our results and those of previous studies that found no relationship between symptom reports and cystoscopic findings suggest possible effects of treatment on @entity158 perception and therapeutic influence on cystoscopic findings.

title: Symptoms and cystoscopic findings in XXXX with untreated @entity2335 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal frequency']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder filling']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity43 is known to have poorer prognosis than @entity43 . @entity786 plus @entity900 has been the standard therapy for @entity43 , but @entity43 dose not respond to this therapy. The treatment for @entity43 has not been established. We planned a pilot study of @entity2600 and @entity900 for the treatment of @entity43 . METHODS: First, three @entity1 were administered 70 mg/m2 of @entity900 intravenously on day 1 and 60 mg/m2 of @entity2600 intravenously on days 1, 8 and 15. Treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. Other @entity1 were administered 75 mg/m2 of @entity900 intraperitoneally on day 1 and 60 mg/m2 of @entity2600 intravenously on days 1, 8 and 15. Treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 10 @entity1 were entered in this study and a total of 43 courses were administered. 1 CR, 1 PR and 1 @entity1726 were observed in @entity1 with measurable lesion. Grade 3 @entity1431 was experienced in seven @entity1 , grade 3 @entity882 in two and grade 3 @entity417 in five. Grade 3 liver @entity137 was observed in one @entity1 and grade 3 @entity294 in one @entity1 . No grade 4 @entity137 was experienced. CONCLUSION: @entity2600 plus @entity900 is feasible and has efficacy for @entity43 . This regimen should be explored in a phase II study.

title: A pilot study of @entity2600 and @entity900 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma', 'ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma', 'ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity6701 nanoparticles (TNPs) on morphometric and stereological parameters of @entity19 testis. BACKGROUND: TNPs are increasingly used in sunscreens, biosensors, food additives, pigments, rubber manufacture, and electronic materials. However, the potential @entity137 of these nanoparticles is not well understood. METHODS: Experimental Groups ( @entity18043 , @entity18044 and TNP-3) received one of the following treatments daily for 35 days: 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg TNPs respectively. Right testis from each animal was fixed in bouin's solution for measurement of total volume of testis, total volume of seminiferous tubules, total volume of interstitial tissue and total number of Leydig cells by stereological methods. Seminiferous tubule diameter and seminiferous epithelium height were assessed by morphometrical method. The left testicles were homogenized for measurement of @entity251 concentration. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the weight of testicles in TNP-3 groups. The stereological and morphometrical parameters were significantly changed in @entity18044 and TNP-3 groups. @entity18044 and TNP-3 groups also showed a significant decrease in @entity251 concentrations (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study had demonstrated that TNPs could change stereological and morphometrical parameters of the seminiferous tubules and reduce the number of Leydig cells and @entity251 concentration (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 35).

title: Morphometric and stereological assessment of the effects of @entity6701 nanoparticles on the XXXX testicular tissue.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Emergency department visits for skin and soft tissue infections are increasing with the discovery of community-acquired @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 . Whether @entity733 also require antibiotics is controversial. There are no published pediatric randomized controlled trials evaluating the need for antibiotics in @entity272 management. We determine the benefits of antibiotics in surgically managed pediatric skin abscesses. METHODS: This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Pediatric @entity1 were randomized to receive 10 days of placebo or @entity799 after incision and draining. Follow-up consisted of a visit/call at 10 to 14 days and a call at 90 days. Primary outcome was treatment failure at the 10-day follow-up. Secondary outcome was new lesion development at the 10- and 90-day follow-ups. Noninferiority of placebo relative to @entity799 for primary and secondary outcomes was assessed. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-one @entity1 were enrolled, with 12 lost to follow-up. The failure rates were 5.3% (n=4/76) and 4.1% (n=3/73) in the placebo and antibiotic groups, respectively, yielding a difference of 1.2%, with a 1-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) (-infinity to 6.8%). Noninferiority was established with an equivalence threshold of 7%. New lesions occurred at the 10-day follow-up: 19 on placebo (26.4%) and 9 on antibiotics (12.9%), yielding a difference of 13.5%, with 95% 1-sided CI (-infinity to 24.3%). At the 3-month follow-up, 15 of 52 (28.8%) in the placebo group and 13 of 46 (28.3%) in the antibiotic group developed new lesions. The difference was 0.5%, with 95% 1-sided CI (-infinity to 15.6%). CONCLUSION: Antibiotics are not required for pediatric @entity272 resolution. Antibiotics may help prevent new lesions in the short term, but further studies are required.

title: Randomized, controlled trial of antibiotics in the management of community-acquired skin abscesses in the pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses treated surgically']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin abscess']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effect of stent graft fixation type on renal function after @entity439 repair (EVAR) remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether suprarenal (SR) or infrarenal (IR) fixation influences the risk of @entity8 after EVAR. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE with no date or language restrictions for comparative studies evaluating EVAR with SR vs IR fixation on @entity8 , @entity2791 , @entity432 , @entity1188 , and new need for hemodialysis. For each outcome, we calculated the absolute risk difference (RD) with a random effects meta-analysis and performed assessments of heterogeneity and publication bias. Post hoc subgroup analyses explored the influence of individual moderator variables. RESULTS: A total of 21 nonrandomized studies comparing SR vs IR fixation representing 4474 unique @entity1 (SR, 1949; IR, 2525) were included. Baseline @entity1 characteristics were similar between the SR and IR groups. Median @entity1 follow-up was 12 months in each group. There were no statistically significant differences in the risk of any renal complication between SR and IR fixation groups. The absolute RD between the SR and IR fixation groups was <1%, with no evidence of heterogeneity or publication bias for @entity8 , @entity2791 , @entity432 or new need for hemodialysis after EVAR. @entity1188 occurred in 6.4% of SR @entity1 and in 2.5% of IR @entity1 (P = .09), with evidence of heterogeneity (I(2) = 85%) and publication bias (Egger P = .08). Subgroup analyses revealed that older studies (median treatment period before 2000) reported greater risks of @entity1188 with SR fixation (RD, 6.2%; P = .01). However, more contemporary studies (median treatment period after 2000) demonstrated no difference between SR and IR fixation on @entity1188 risk (RD, 0.2%; P = .75). CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference in the risk of @entity260 when comparing stent grafts using SR vs IR fixation, particularly with newer-generation devices. Contemporary comparative studies with longer-term follow-up are warranted to further elucidate the influence of SR and IR fixation on @entity8 .

title: Suprarenal versus infrarenal stent graft fixation on @entity8 after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal complications', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative renal complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Renal infarction', 'renal infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery occlusion']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gamma time-frequency responses (TFRs) induced by @entity158 laser in the contralateral primary somatosensory (SI) cortex have been shown to correlate with perceived @entity158 -intensity in @entity1 . Given the functional roles of gamma TFRs in the cortical spaces, it remains unclear whether such a relationship is sustained for other brain regions where the laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) are presented. In this study, we delivered the @entity158 laser pluses at random @entity158 -intensity levels (i.e. strong, medium and weak) in a single train to the dorsal hand of six @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity302 . The laser stimulus produced a @entity158 pinprick sensation by activating nociceptors located in the superficial layers of the skin. For each @entity1 , arrays of >64 subdural electrodes were implanted directly covering the contralateral SI, parasylvian (PS) and @entity75 ( @entity75 ) cortices to study the stimulus related gamma (TFRs) in the neocortex. In addition, using the same stimulation paradigm, the modality specificity of gamma TFRs was further examined by applying innocuous vibrotactile stimuli to the same regions of the dorsal hand in a separated group of five @entity1 . Our results showed that gamma TFRs are not modality specific, but the largest gamma TFRs were consistently found within the SI region and noxious laser elicited significantly stronger gamma TFRs than innocuous nonpainful vibratory stimuli. Furthermore, stronger @entity158 induced stronger gamma TFRs in the cortices of SI (r=0.4, p<0.001) and PS (r=0.29, p=0.005). Given that potentially harmful noxious stimulus would automatically capture greater attention than the innocuous ones, our results support the hypothesis that the degree of SI and PS gamma TFRs is associated with an attentional drive provoked by @entity158 stimuli.

title: Functional role of induced gamma oscillatory responses in processing noxious and innocuous sensory events in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'medial frontal']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity937 ( @entity937 ) results in acceptable healing and recurrence rates. The role of hemodynamic venous testing in this situation, however, is poorly understood and inconsistently used. Our ongoing experience was reviewed to explore how @entity937 affects the photoplethysmographic assessment of the leg. METHODS: Preoperative and postoperative venous refill times (VRTs) were measured with photoplethysmography in 30 limbs in 28 @entity1 who underwent @entity937 and superficial ablation, when indicated, with complete clearing of the anterolateral surface of the tibia, thus opening the deep posterior compartment from mid @entity291 to close to the @entity1171 . @entity86 and duplex scanning were used to assess clinical and anatomic success, respectively. The VRTs were classified as "interpretable" if the leg emptied or "uninterpretable" if the @entity291 could not empty. The "interpretable" study results were further classified as "normal" if the refill took 20 seconds or more or "abnormal" if less. RESULTS: Before the @entity1 underwent @entity937 , six study results (20%) showed inability of the @entity291 to empty and thus were judged uninterpretable. After the @entity1 underwent @entity937 , 12 study results (40%) were uninterpretable (NS; P =.09 with the chi(2) test). Of the 24 preoperative interpretable study results, two (8%) were normal, and of the 18 postoperative interpretable study results, seven (39%) were normal (P <.03). With the consideration of only interpretable study results, the mean VRT increased slightly from 12.0 +/- 5.1 seconds (mean +/- standard deviation) to 14.3 +/- 8.1 seconds (NS). Seventeen of 19 @entity1066 (89%) had healed at a mean follow-up period of 8.6 +/- 4.8 months. CONCLUSION: Although VRT is unpredictably affected by @entity937 , the most consistent finding is the inability of the @entity291 to empty, which invalidates the remainder of the test. In addition, most @entity1066 heal, even with uninterpretable or abnormal postoperative VRTs. This suggests that photoplethysmography is a poor method of assessment of @entity1211 after @entity937 .

title: Photoplethysmography and XXXX muscle pump function after subfascial endoscopic perforator ligation.

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['Subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery', 'SEPS']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['malleolus']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative healing']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']