abstract: BACKGROUND: A multicenter study was conducted to assess the current medical management of @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ) and non-ST-elevation @entity1187 in Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study presents the results of a nationwide questionnaire survey of 770 sites and a case report investigation performed at 20 sites. The questionnaire survey revealed that the number of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 treated annually was 1.56-fold greater than the number of @entity1459 @entity1 . Non-ST-elevation @entity583 accounted for 17% of all @entity1 with @entity583 . Analysis of case reports for 885 @entity1459 @entity1 showed extensive use of invasive treatment. In the @entity1459 @entity1 , the cumulative incidence of a composite endpoint (all-cause mortality, @entity583 , and urgent coronary revascularization) was 2% at 1 month and 9% at 6 months. Stratified analysis with respect to the composite endpoint through 6 months showed a significantly lower incidence in @entity1 treated with a @entity460 -channel blocker than in @entity1 not treated with a @entity460 -channel blocker. CONCLUSIONS: In Japan, fewer @entity1 are hospitalized annually for treatment of @entity1459 than for @entity583 . The largest percentage of @entity1459 @entity1 had Braunwald class III disease. Non-ST-elevation @entity583 is managed in Japan according to the principle of early invasive treatment, resembling the treatment for ST-elevation @entity583 . The outcome of treatment is better for Japanese @entity1459 @entity1 than for Japanese @entity583 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and non-ST elevation @entity1187 : epidemiology and current management in Japan (Japan Multicenter Investigation for Cardiovascular Disease-D (JMIC-D) Committee).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['Unstable angina']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated high levels of @entity148 and @entity308 among @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). The effects of an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program on psychological morbidity were examined in @entity1 with severe @entity1030 . METHODS: Levels of @entity148 and @entity308 in 95 @entity1 with severe @entity1030 (FEV1 < 40% predicted) were measured on entry to an outpatient PR program using the Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 (HAD) scale. HAD scores were remeasured at the completion of PR (3 months) and at 6 month follow-up. The effects of PR on mean HAD scores and on the number of @entity1 with significant @entity148 or @entity308 were determined. Improvements in exercise capacity after PR were compared in @entity1 with high and low HAD scores. RESULTS: Of @entity1 , 35 (29.2%) had significant @entity148 at screening and 18 (15%) significant @entity308 . PR produced statistically significant falls in mean HAD scores for @entity148 and @entity308 , both of which remained significantly lowered at 6-month follow-up. PR also reduced the number of @entity1 with significant @entity148 or @entity308 . @entity1 with high @entity148 levels showed significantly greater improvements in shuttle walk distance than those with low HAD scores. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of @entity148 and @entity308 were high in a significant minority of this group of @entity1 with severe @entity1030 and were significantly improved by PR. @entity1 with higher HAD scores had lower baseline shuttle walk distances than those with low HAD scores. Anxious @entity1 showed statistically greater improvements in exercise capacity following PR.

title: @entity148 and XXXX in severe @entity1030 : the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: 1. During in vitro culture in 10% human AB serum, human peripheral blood monocytes acquire a macrophage-like phenotype. The underlying differentiation was characterized by increased activities of the macrophage marker enzymes unspecific esterase ( @entity7034 -insensitive form) and acid phosphatase, as well as by a down-regulation in surface @entity5750 expression. 2. In parallel, a dramatic change in the phosphodiesterase (PDE) profile became evident within a few days that strongly resembled that previously described for @entity1 alveolar macrophages. Whereas PDE1 and PDE3 activities were augmented, @entity1980 activity, which represented the major @entity1919 -hydrolysing activity of peripheral blood monocytes, rapidly declined. 3. Monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages responded to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with the release of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ). In line with the change in @entity5750 expression, the EC50 value of LPS for induction of @entity310 release increased from approximately 0.1 ng ml-1 in peripheral blood monocytes to about 2 ng ml-1 in macrophages. 4. Both populations of cells were equally susceptible towards inhibition of @entity310 release by @entity1919 elevating agents such as @entity5393 , @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) or @entity1928 , which all led to a complete abrogation of @entity310 production in a concentration-dependent manner and which were more efficient than the glucocorticoid @entity619 . 5. In monocytes, @entity1980 selective inhibitors ( @entity7428 , @entity42767 ) suppressed @entity310 formation by 80%, whereas @entity42766 , a PDE3 selective compound, exerted a comparatively weak effect (10-15% inhibition). Combined use of PDE3 plus @entity1980 inhibitors resulted in an additive effect and fully abrogated LPS-induced @entity310 release as did the mixed PDE3/4 inhibitor @entity45361 . 6. In monocyte-derived macrophages, neither PDE3- nor @entity1980 -selective drugs markedly affected @entity310 generation when used alone (< 15% inhibition), whereas in combination, they led to a maximal inhibition of @entity310 formation by about 40-50%. However, in the presence of @entity1421 (10 nM), @entity42766 and @entity7428 or @entity42767 were equally effective and blocked @entity310 release by 40%. @entity45361 or @entity42766 in the presence of either @entity1980 inhibitor, completely abrogated @entity310 formation in the presence of @entity1421 . Thus, an additional @entity1919 trigger is necessary for PDE inhibitors to become effective in macrophages. 7. Finally, the putative regulatory role for PDE1 in the regulation of @entity310 production in macrophages was investigated. Zaprinast, at a concentration showing 80% inhibition of PDE1 activity (100 micromol l-1), did not influence @entity310 release. At higher concentrations (1 mmol l-1), zaprinast became effective, but this inhibition of @entity310 release can be attributed to a significant inhibitory action of this drug on PDE3 and @entity1980 isoenzymes. 8. In summary, the in vitro differentiation of @entity1 peripheral blood monocytes to macrophages is characterized by a profound change in the PDE isoenzyme pattern. The change in the @entity1980 to PDE3 ratio is functionally reflected by an altered susceptibility towards selective PDE inhibitors under appropriate stimulating conditions.

title: In vitro differentiation of XXXX monocytes to macrophages: change of PDE profile and its relationship to suppression of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha release by PDE inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity45361 :: ('MESH:C094030', 'Chemical') :: ['tolafentrine', 'Tolafentrine']

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['rolipram']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity42766 :: ('MESH:C051270', 'Chemical') :: ['motapizone']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical thrombectomy is a promising adjuvant or stand-alone therapy for @entity64 ( @entity64 ) caused by occlusion of a large vessel in @entity1 beyond the systemic thrombolysis therapeutic window. This review focuses on the clinical and angiographic outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy with use of the Merci retriever device. METHODS: Available literature published to date on the major trials and observational studies involving the Merci retriever was reviewed. In addition to the review, results from studies involving the Merci retriever were compared to results from Prolyse in Acute @entity1031 II (PROACT II) and the Penumbra device studies. The predictors for favorable outcome following revascularization with the Merci device were reviewed on the basis of published stratified analyses. Favorable clinical outcome was defined in the Merci experience by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of  <= 2 at 90 days following @entity64 . RESULTS: Presented in this review are a total of 1,226 @entity1 treated with the Merci device; 305 @entity1 are from 2 pivotal trials involving the device, and the remaining 921 @entity1 are from observational studies in the Merci registry. The 90-day mRS of  <= 2 was achieved in 32% of the @entity1 group, with an overall mortality rate of 35.2%. Symptomatic @entity1779 was identified in 7.3% of @entity1 treated with Merci retriever, a result comparable to that in the PROACT II and Penumbra thrombectomy trials. Successful recanalization, lower NIH @entity64 Scale score, and younger age were identified as the strongest predictors of favorable outcomes. CONCLUSION: Mechanical thrombectomy with the Merci retriever device is a safe treatment modality for @entity64 @entity1 presenting with a large-vessel occlusion within 8 hours of symptom onset. Although the Merci retriever showed a good recanalization rate, there are currently no randomized clinical trials to assess its clinical efficacy in comparison with systemic thrombolysis within a window of 3 to 4.5 hours or with standard of care beyond a 4.5-hour window.

title: Merci mechanical thrombectomy retriever for XXXX therapy: literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral Thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The genetic basis of most @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ), especially non-syndromic and non-familial conditions, remains largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: DNA samples were collected from immortalized cell lines and original genomes of 256 non-syndromic, non-familial @entity1 with cardiac outflow tract (OFT) defects. Genes encoding @entity21505 , @entity15774 , @entity43289 , @entity6998 , and @entity15866 , essential for heart development, were analyzed using PCR-based bidirectional sequencing. The transcriptional activity of proteins with identified sequence variations was analyzed using a luciferase assay. A novel sequence variant ( @entity50603 in @entity6998 ) was identified, in addition to 4 unreported non-synonymous sequence variants in 3 known causative genes ( @entity56441 in @entity21505 , @entity56442 and @entity56443 in @entity15774 , and @entity53337 in @entity43289 ) in 5 individuals. None of these was found in 500 controls without @entity4297 . In vitro functional assay showed that all proteins with identified sequence variations exhibited significant changes in transcriptional activity and/or synergistic activity with other transcription factors. Furthermore, overexpression of the @entity50603 @entity6998 variant in a fish system disturbed early cardiac development. CONCLUSIONS: New mutations in the transcription factors @entity21505 , @entity15774 , @entity43289 , and @entity6998 that affect their protein function were identified in 2.3% (6/256) of @entity1 with @entity154 . Our results provide the first demonstration of @entity6998 mutation and suggest that disturbances in the regulatory circuits involving these cardiac transcription factors may cause a subset of @entity4297 .

title: Genetic analysis of essential cardiac transcription factors in 256 XXXX with @entity4297 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['OFT defects']

entities_list: @entity56441 :: ('p|SUB|A|6|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A6V']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHDs', 'congenital heart defects', 'non-syndromic and non-familial CHDs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Twelve to twenty percent of newly synthesized poly(A) + RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase III in Ehrlich ascites @entity189 and P3O1 plasmocytoma @entity19 @entity5 . Most of this RNA designated as pol IIIpoly(A) + RNA has a size of 160 to 800 @entity2036 with a maximum of distribution of ca. 300 nucleotides. Pol IIIpoly(A) + RNA fraction consists of two major classes of molecules corresponding to previously described B1 RNA and B2 RNA with the ratio of 1:4 to 2:3. All B2 RNAs present in poly(A) + fraction contain a long poly(A) segments at the 3' ends. Thus, RNA polymerase III transcripts can be polyadenylated. Several transcripts that hybridize with B2 probe were also observed in poly(A)- RNA. The major components consist of 180, 160, 120 and 95 nucleotides. The 180- @entity377 B2 RNA seems to be a primary transcript from B2 repeat. We suggest that other B2 RNAs are transcribed from truncated copies of B2 element.

title: The most abundant nascent poly(A) + RNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase III in @entity19 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although it is known that the chemokines @entity19149 and @entity13948 are expressed in the intestine, their contribution to lymphocyte homing has not been investigated in detail. The authors investigated whether the @entity19149 - @entity9843 and @entity13948 - @entity14012 systems are involved in T lymphocyte-endothelial interaction in microvessels of the small and large intestines. METHODS: Labeled lamina proprial lymphocytes (LPLs) were administered to @entity19 , and their adhesion to microvessels of normal and @entity637 -induced inflamed intestinal mucosa was observed under an intravital microscope. Antibodies against @entity19149 , @entity13948 , or @entity19150 were administered prior to lymphocyte administration, and in some experiments @entity9843 or @entity14012 on LPLs was desensitized with an excess amount of chemokine. RESULTS: LPLs adhered to microvessels of the ileum and colon, and @entity637 induced a significant accumulation at both sites. Blocking of the @entity19149 - @entity9843 system significantly inhibited the @entity14694 adhesion in the ileum and colon under both normal and @entity637 -treated conditions. However, blocking of the @entity13948 - @entity14012 system significantly attenuated @entity14694 adhesion only under a @entity637 -treated condition. There was an additive inhibitory effect on @entity14694 adherence by @entity19149 and @entity13948 blocking in @entity637 -induced inflamed intestines. There was also an additive function of the @entity19150 - @entity19151 system in @entity14694 accumulation in the small intestine. CONCLUSION: Several chemokine systems may play significant roles cooperatively in vivo in @entity14694 adherence to microvessels of intestinal mucosa.

title: @entity19149 and @entity13948 play a significant role in mucosal T-lymphocyte adherence to intestinal microvessels in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Physical and @entity410 are required for scuba diving, leading to medical contraindications in certain subjects. @entity565 , a condition exhibiting increasing prevalence in the general population is currently considered an absolute contraindication for scuba diving by the French Federation for Submarine Sports and Education (FFESSM). There is however no documented evidence demonstrating a higher risk in @entity748 divers. Our English-speaking colleagues have suggested that certain @entity748 subjects could participate in scuba diving sports under certain conditions without any higher risk compared with non- @entity748 divers. We recall here the impact of diving on respiratory function and potential consequences in @entity748 subjects, proposing that the formal contraindication against scuba diving should be maintained for @entity748 @entity1 who experience frequent symptoms (step 2 or more of the International Consensus Report on Diagnosis and Treatment of @entity565 ) and/or have a @entity3885 . It would appear reasonable to discuss the contraindication concerning @entity1 with rare acute episodes and who have a perfectly normal respiratory function. The question of bronchodilator inhalation prior to diving may be a question to debate. However, such a proposal cannot be considered to be valid unless well-conducted studies of the clinical manifestations are available (frequency and severity of the acute episodes, triggering factors) for the diver candidate. Because of the highly restrictive nature of the contraindication notification and the absence of arguments backing up the decision, the question should be put to competent authorities (sports federations, learned societies) in order to ascertain the pathophysiological mechanisms involved and collect reliable epidemiological data before proposing a consensus discussion. This process may lead to the delivery of scuba diving authorizations for selected @entity748 subjects without a higher risk than non- @entity748 subjects.

title: [ XXXX and scuba diving Absolute contraindication? in all @entity565 @entity1 ?].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['psychological fitness']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['baseline obstructive syndrome']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: A syndrome involving @entity221 , @entity7551 , @entity3298 and @entity7809 is described in 8 @entity1 . Attacks are characterized by abrupt onset of @entity221 and, in addition to the above symptoms, by malaise, @entity10 and @entity490 . Mild @entity491 and elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate are found in the laboratory. @entity1 exhibit normal growth and development and are otherwise healthy. PFAPA is clinically benign, with no long-term sequelae. Recognition and diagnosis of the syndrome eliminate the need for intensive work-up. The cause remains unknown. No evidence linking bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens to this syndrome has been found. No @entity1 has exhibited @entity6113 or @entity1398 , and all @entity1 had normal levels of immunoglobulin. All had received antibiotics early in the course of their illness but without effect. @entity4444 has been discussed in the literature as a possible treatment, but the results are controversial.

title: [PFAPA syndrome: XXXX , @entity3298 , @entity7551 and @entity7809 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['atypical lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['Cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['aphthous stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['periodic fever', 'fever']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['periodic fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The longitudinal neuropsychological study of first-episode early-onset @entity716 (EOP) @entity1 , whose brain maturation is still in progress at the time of illness onset, provides a unique opportunity to compare their cognitive development with that of healthy subjects, in search of specific patterns resulting from the interaction between neurodevelopmental processes and the presence of @entity914 . Method Seventy-five first-episode EOP @entity1 ( @entity161 n = 35; @entity162 n = 17; other forms of @entity716 n = 23) with a mean age of 15.53 years were assessed with a neuropsychological battery that included measures of attention, working memory, memory and executive functions within 6 months following the onset of the first @entity716 symptom (baseline) and 2 years later. Psychotic symptoms were assessed at both times with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). Seventy-nine healthy subjects matched for age and education served as controls. RESULTS: EOP @entity1 showed significant @entity73 at both baseline and the 2-year follow-up, with no significant differences between diagnostic groups at either time. Both healthy controls and EOP @entity1 improved in all cognitive measures, except for @entity1 working memory. Improvement in @entity1 attention lost significance after controlling for @entity716 symptom reduction. No significant time/diagnosis interaction was found among @entity1 (p > 0.405). CONCLUSIONS: @entity73 in EOP is already present at the first episode, and cognitive development seems to be arrested early in EOP @entity1 compared to their healthy peers, at least for some cognitive functions. These and previous similar results support the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of @entity716 .

title: Neuropsychological evidence for abnormal neurodevelopment associated with early-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychoses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery results in dramatic @entity353 and improves @entity209 and @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM). However, previous studies have noted that morbidly @entity28 @entity1 with T2DM experience less @entity353 benefits than non- @entity6 @entity1 following bariatric surgery. We sought to determine longitudinal effects of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) on percent excess body mass index (BMI) loss (%EBMIL) and clinical @entity209 parameters in @entity1 with T2DM compared with appropriately matched cohort without T2DM. METHODS: Retrospective cohort analysis of T2DM @entity1 (n = 126) to non-T2DM @entity1 (n = 126) matched on age (M = 48.1    9.5), sex (81 % female), race (81 % Caucasian), and pre-surgical BMI (M = 49.3    9.5). Lipids, @entity413 , hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, co-morbidities of @entity28 , medications for co-morbidities, and T2DM medications were collected at baseline, 6 months and 12 months post-surgery. %EBMIL was collected at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-surgery. One-way analyses of variance with effect sizes estimates were conducted to compare the two groups. RESULTS: As expected, T2DM subjects had significantly greater pre-surgical HbA1c, blood @entity413 , blood pressure, and lipid parameters at baseline vs. non-T2DM (all p values of<0.05). At 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after LRYRB, both groups had similar reduction in %EBMIL (p > 0.10). At 6 months, there was a significant reduction in HbA1c, blood @entity413 , and lipid in the T2DM cohort compared with pre-surgical levels (p < 0.0001). At 12 months, these values were not different to that of the non-T2DM subjects (p > 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: When matched on appropriate factors associated with @entity353 outcomes, severely @entity28 @entity1 with T2DM have similar post-LRYGB @entity353 outcomes in the first 12 months following surgery compared with non-T2DM @entity1 . Furthermore, T2DM surgical @entity1 achieved significant improvement in @entity209 components.

title: Equivalent @entity353 with marked metabolic benefit observed in a matched cohort with and without @entity164 2 XXXX 12 months following gastric bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The major causes of deaths all over the world are circulatory system diseases, @entity5 and injuries. Each @entity1 can become a @entity1 of the event which results in life-threatening emergencies and the most immediate possible actions are essential. The period of time for starting efficient life-restoration actions is very short, estimated at 4-5 minutes. Ambulance Service is a medical organization created to apply aid in life-threatening emergencies. The standards of the developed western countries determine the arrival time at 7-10 minutes from the call time. Both first-aid applied by the accident witnesses and efficient actions of ambulance service have significance for effective pre-hospital aid and increasing the chances of survival of @entity1 in need. The study analysed emergency records of the ambulance cars of the Regional Unit of Ambulance Service - Sr  dmie  cie Station in Lublin in the year 2000. 3,723 calls were recorded. In 142 cases complete resuscitation actions were carried out due to circulatory and @entity1576 . The records selected this way went through a detailed analysis. In 3.8% of the interventions of emergency teams the necessity of applying advanced life support was observed. The time of arrival at the scene, transport of the @entity1 to the admission room as well as efficiency of resuscitation comply with the European standards. The efficiency of resuscitation actions estimated at 51.4% depended on the age of the @entity1 , the cause of circulatory and @entity1576 and ambulance arrival time. Taking up basic life support by witnesses of the event was observed in 2.8% of cases, in 8.5% aid was applied by the medical staff members who happened to be at the scene.

title: The analysis of the cases of circulatory and XXXX in the work of the Regional Unit of Ambulance Service - Sr  dmie  cie Station.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'people', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate changes in CSF concentrations of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in @entity235 with confirmed @entity3762 , and to evaluate them with regard to the clinical characteristics of the sample population and of the @entity410 . ANIMALS: 13 (8 male and 5 female) drug-naive @entity235 with an initial generalized @entity410 , 6 (4 male and 2 female) drug-naive @entity235 with an initial partial @entity410 , and 10 clinically normal (5 male and 5 female) control @entity235 . PROCEDURE: At least 24 hours after the last observed @entity410 , CSF was collected aseptically from the cisterna cerebellomedullaris, and a portion was immediately aliquoted into vials, placed on dry ice, then stored at -80 C. The CSF @entity2227 ( @entity367 ) and @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) concentrations were estimated by use of HPLC with electrochemical detection. Cerebellomedullary cisternal CSF @entity2227 and @entity1246 values were analyzed in @entity235 with noninduced @entity3762 . Comparisons were determined for differences attributable to weight, sex, age at first @entity410 , @entity410 type, and total time of past @entity410 history. RESULTS: Mean (range) age at onset of the first @entity410 was 3.33 (0.1 to 11), 3.5 (0.1 to 11), and 3.25 (0.5 to 9) years for all @entity235 , @entity235 with initial partial @entity410 , and @entity235 with initial generalized @entity410 , respectively. Low @entity1246 and high GLU values were found in the CSF of @entity302 @entity235 , and were independent of time elapsed between the first observed @entity410 and CSF sample collection. The @entity1246 value was inversely related to body weight in @entity302 @entity235 , independent of age. Changes in @entity1246 and GLU concentrations were not related to @entity410 type. CONCLUSIONS: Altered @entity1246 and GLU values in CSF might be indicative of a state of chronic overexcitation in the brain of @entity235 with primary or @entity3762 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CSF @entity1246 and GLU may serve as important markers in @entity302 @entity235 for potential response to antiepileptic drugs.

title: Cerebrospinal fluid @entity1246 and XXXX values in @entity235 with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epilepsy']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Options for the treatment of subcapital @entity2249 basically fall into two categories: internal fixation or arthroplasty (either @entity572 ). Historically, the treatment option has been driven by a diagnosis-related approach ( @entity174 versus @entity174 ). More recently, the traditional paradigm has changed. Instead of a diagnosis-related approach, it has become more of a @entity1 -related approach. Treatment options take in to consideration the @entity1 's age, functional demands, and individual risk profile. A simple algorithm can be helpful in terms of directing the treatment. Non-displaced @entity174 , regardless of age of the @entity1 , should be treated with closed reduction and internal fixation. For displaced @entity2249 , the treatment differs depending on the age of the @entity1 . The younger @entity1 should be treated with urgent ORIF with the goal of an anatomic reduction. For displaced @entity2249 in the elderly, cognitive function should be determined. For those who are cognitively functioning, total hip arthroplasty appears to be the best option. In the cognitively dysfunctional, a @entity162 or a total hip arthroplasty with use of larger heads (32 mm or 36 mm) and/or constrained sockets are a viable option.

title: XXXX : a changing paradigm.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar hemiarthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'non-displaced neck fractures', 'displaced neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Subcapital fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study whether the expression level of @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) is correlated with the proliferation and apoptosis of @entity5 cells and to study whether the RNA interference technique can be used in anti- @entity5 gene therapy. METHODS: WBH1, a eukaryotic expression plasmid of shRNA targeting on @entity1996 , was constructed. @entity1 @entity356 cells of the line SGC-7901 were cultured and divided into 3 groups: to be transfected with WBH1 or negative control plasmid HK, or used as un-transfected control group. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of @entity1996 mRNA and protein. @entity98 method was used to detect the proliferation of the cells. The apoptosis of the cells was determined by flow cytometry. Fifteen @entity19 were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: 10 to be inoculated subcutaneously with WBH1 plasmid transfected SGC-7901 cells (inhibition group) or negative control plasmid HK transfected SGC-7901 cells, and 5 were used as un-transfected controls. The @entity19 were observed for 4 weeks to observe the survival and the tumorigenesis. Then the @entity19 were killed to take out the @entity5 . The tumorigenic rate and @entity5 inhibition rate were evaluated. RESULTS: The proliferation of the SGC-7091 cells transfected with WHB1 plasmid did not changed significantly 24 and 48 hours after the transfection, however, decreased significantly 96 hours and 1 week after (both P < 0.01). The apoptotic rate of the SGC-7091 cells transfected with WHB1 plasmid was 52.28% +/- 17.91%, significantly higher than that of the cells transfected with the control plasmid HK (0.54% +/- 0.16%) and that of the un-transfected cells (0.52% +/- 0.27%, both P = 0.009) without a significant difference between the latter 2 groups (P = 0.998). Four weeks after inoculation the tumorigenic rate was 100% in both the un-transfected control @entity19 and the @entity19 inoculated with negative plasmid HK transfected SGC-7901 cells. There was no significant difference in @entity5 size between these 2 groups (P = 0.965). The tumorigenic rate of the @entity19 in the inhibition group was 0.4 with an inhibition rate of 89.8%. The @entity5 weight of the inhibition group was 0.050 g +/- 0.003 g, significantly lighter than those of the control group and the group inoculated with negative plasmid transfected SGC cells (0.490 g +/- 0.017 g and 0.490 g +/- 0.013 g respectively, both P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Construction of a eukaryotic expression vector expressing the specific shRNA targeting on @entity1996 , closely related to the proliferation and apoptosis of @entity5 cells, and transfection of it into the @entity5 cells helps inhibit the expression of @entity16538 , thus inhibiting the growth and proliferation of the @entity5 cells.

title: [Effects of inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by RNA interference on proliferation and apoptosis of XXXX @entity356 cells: an experimental study with @entity1 @entity356 cells and @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A bystander effect is described when nontransduced or genetically unmodified cells are killed during death of genetically modified @entity5 cells transduced with a suicide gene. The "bystander effect" greatly enhances the efficacy of the herpes simplex virus- @entity1014 kinase/ @entity4540 (HSV-TK/GCV) gene therapy approach for @entity5 . The mechanism of the bystander effect is controversial. In this study, we examined the role of intercellular @entity497 ( @entity497 ) for the bystander effect in @entity1 @entity1820 cells. Our results show that the extent of the bystander effect varied amongst the @entity5 cell lines; @entity788 cells BXPC-3 exhibited excellent bystander effects in vitro and in vivo studies whereas other @entity1820 cell lines such as @entity788 cells MIAPACA-2, and @entity694 cells HT-29 showed poor bystander effects. Bystander effects were only found in the presence of cell-to-cell contact. The extent of the bystander effect was independent of the level of HSV-TK activity in the transduced @entity5 cells and was correlated with @entity497 as demonstrated by an in vitro dye-transfer assay. Expression of the mRNA levels of gap junction protein connexin 43 was 8- to 26-fold or greater and @entity3492 gene expression was 2- to 229-fold greater in BXPC-3 cells compared to HT-29, MIAPACA-2, and @entity1 cells. Our results suggest that intercellular communication is essential for the bystander effect. The correlation between @entity497 and the extent of the bystander effect suggest a role for @entity497 in mediating the bystander effect. Analysis of @entity5 for @entity497 or expression of gap junction proteins may identify the subset of @entity1 suitable for gene therapy with the HSV-TK/GCV approach.

title: Intercellular communication mediates the bystander effect during herpes simplex @entity1014 kinase/ganciclovir-based gene therapy of @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PANC3', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['GJIC', 'gap junction communication']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of radiotherapy (RT) for @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the nasal skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The charts of 100 @entity1 referred and treated with RT during 1982 to 1993 for @entity957 of nasal skin were reviewed. Most @entity1 (81%) were treated with orthovoltage X-rays. In general, lesions </=2 cm were treated to 35 Gy in 5 fractions. For @entity5 2-5 cm, 45 Gy in 10 fractions was commonly used. Lesions >5 cm or those associated with bone or cartilage invasion were typically treated to 50 Gy in 20 fractions. Six @entity1 were lost to follow-up, leaving 94 @entity1 assessable for local or regional failure analysis. Using the UICC staging system, the T stage at first presentation was as follows: T1, 60 @entity1 ; T2, 11 @entity1 ; T3, 0 @entity1 , T4, 7 @entity1 ; TX, 16 @entity1 . Only 1 @entity1 had regional @entity1600 at presentation. Thirty-one @entity1 were treated with surgery, followed by RT. Sixty-three @entity1 were treated with primary RT. RESULTS: The local relapse-free rate was 90% and 85% at 2 and 5 years, respectively. The actuarial 2 and 5-year overall survival rate was 75% and 51%, respectively. The cause-specific survival was 96% at both 2 and 5 years. No Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 4 @entity137 occurred. Univariate analysis could not identify any @entity1 , @entity5 , or treatment factors that were statistically significant prognosticators. CONCLUSION: RT for @entity957 of nasal skin achieves excellent outcome, is well tolerated, and should continue to be recommended in the management of this disease.

title: Radiotherapy management for XXXX of the nasal skin: the Princess Margaret Hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node disease']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity38957 (CP) supplementation on body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), selected biochemical parameters and @entity68 and @entity219 status in moderately @entity28 @entity1 participating in a 12-week exercise program. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 , 27 to 51 years of age, were randomly assigned to two groups based on their body mass index. Subjects received either 400 microg/day of @entity3407 as a CP supplement or a placebo in double-blind fashion and participated in a supervised weight-training and walking program two days per week for 12 weeks. Body composition and RMR were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Selected biochemical parameters and @entity68 and @entity219 status were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Body composition and RMR were not significantly changed by CP supplementation. No significant differences in fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, plasma glucagon, serum C-peptide and serum lipid concentrations or in @entity68 and @entity219 indices were found between the two groups over time. Serum total @entity165 concentration significantly decreased (p = 0.0016) over time for all subjects combined, probably as a result of the exercise training. Exercise training significantly reduced total @entity68 binding capacity (TIBC) by 3% for all subjects combined (p = 0.001 1). CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of 400 microg/day of @entity3407 as a CP supplement did not significantly affect body composition, RMR, plasma @entity413 , serum insulin, plasma glucagon, serum C-peptide and serum lipid concentrations or @entity68 and @entity219 indices in moderately @entity28 @entity1 placed on an exercise program. The changes in serum total @entity165 levels and TIBC were a result of the exercise program.

title: Effect of @entity3407 supplementation and exercise on body composition, resting metabolic rate and selected biochemical parameters in moderately @entity28 XXXX following an exercise program.

entities_list: @entity38957 :: ('MESH:C030614', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium picolinate']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIMS: The study reviews @entity3180 in @entity1 . Taking their normal development as the starting point, the work puts forward a differential diagnosis based on the symptoms presented in the moment the @entity1 visited the physician. It also suggests an approach for @entity1 with @entity3180 from the neuropaediatric point of view while also updating the management of some of its forms. DEVELOPMENT: The acquisition of language is one of the key milestones in the development of @entity1 . A @entity1 's social and intellectual development is affected by delayed acquisition of language and this can give rise to a ongoing effect involving isolation and regression, which tends towards poor academic achievement and, eventually, leads to the development of learning and social problems. There are studies that evidence a close relationship in @entity1 between the development of spoken language and written language, as well as the importance of acquiring language as the basis for writing skills. These problems cause a great deal of @entity148 in parents. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the problem allows the specialist to detect these @entity1 early on in the preschool stage and to ensure they receive the right attention. If treated in time, language learning can be modified to a significant degree, thereby avoiding the complications that affect its development. The specialist working with @entity1 must recognise these problems and channel them towards the most suitable therapy.

title: [ XXXX . Diagnosis and treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language disorders']

answer: @entity3180 :: (MESH:D007806,Disease) :: ['Language disorders']


abstract: CONCLUSION: At diagnosis, control @entity1 had the lowest @entity308 levels and @entity148 scores, followed by those with limited @entity213 and these with extended @entity213 . @entity148 and @entity308 levels at diagnosis predicted prognosis via an association with extent of disease. Sense of humor, but not @entity148 or @entity308 level, predicted lower @entity308 levels at follow-up. OBJECTIVE: To study the association between @entity148 score, @entity308 level at sense of humor at diagnosis in @entity213 ( @entity213 ) @entity1 versus TNM stage, prognosis and @entity308 level/quality of life (QOL) 6 years following diagnosis. A control group of @entity1 with @entity66 was also included. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity213 (n =78) or benign HN (n =61) disease completed the following questionnaires: the Beck Depression Inventory, the Spielberger Trait @entity148 Inventory (state) and the Svebak humor questionnaire. @entity1 with @entity3085 or those aged >80 years were excluded. In the @entity213 @entity1 , TNM stage, prognosis and QOL/ @entity308 level (n =27) were determined following successful therapy. RESULTS: @entity213 @entity1 reported high @entity148 scores and lower @entity308 levels than control @entity1 , although there was overlap between the groups. N stage was associated with high @entity308 levels, whereas T stage was only associated with @entity308 levels. Both @entity308 levels at diagnosis predicted prognosis through an association with TNM stage. Sense of humor, but not @entity308 levels or @entity148 scores, at diagnosis predicted @entity308 levels at follow-up.

title: Mood, @entity148 and sense of humor in head and neck cancer XXXX in relation to disease stage, prognosis and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety scores and depression', 'depression', 'QoL and depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['benign HN disease']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC disease', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies are at increased risk of several complications including acute or chronic @entity14244 ( @entity14244 ) and twin @entity417 - @entity6582 sequence (TAPS). Both @entity14244 and TAPS result from inter-twin fetofetal transfusion through the placental vascular anastomoses. In addition, MC twin pregnancies are at increased risk of having a velamentous cord insertion, which has been linked with poor perinatal outcome due to risk of @entity397 of the velamentous vessels. In sporadic cases, these vascular connections may have a positive effect instead of a deleterious effect. We present a case of @entity147 in a MC twin pregnancy caused by acute @entity548 following @entity397 of velamentous vessels. An emergency cesarean section delivery was performed at 29+2 weeks' gestation. One @entity1 was severely anemic at birth and required immediate treatment with volume expansion and blood transfusion. @entity190 through the ruptured vessels led to an acute fetofetal transfusion from the co-twin through the placental vascular anastomoses. Delayed intervention could have resulted in severe @entity1457 and acute @entity417 in both fetuses. Instead, in the current case, placental vascular anastomoses had a transient protective role and allowed transfusion of blood from one co-twin into the circulation of the anemic twin.

title: Acute XXXX in monochorionic twins with @entity397 : anemic twin resuscitated by its co-twin through placental vascular anastomoses?

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Acute fetal blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['acute fetal distress']

entities_list: @entity14244 :: ('MESH:D005330', 'Disease') :: ['twin-twin transfusion syndrome', 'TTTS']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECT: A multicenter retrospective study was performed in 36 North American centers to examine the use and timing of surgery in @entity1 who have sustained acute @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). The study was performed to obtain information required for the planning of a randomized controlled trial in which early and late decompressive surgery are compared. METHODS: The records of all @entity1 aged 16 to 75 years with acute @entity1566 admitted to 36 centers within 24 hours of injury over a 9-month period in 1994 and 1995 were examined to obtain data on admission variables, methods of diagnosis, use of traction, and surgical variables including type and timing of surgery. A total of 585 @entity1 with acute @entity1566 or @entity1971 were admitted to participating centers, although approximately half were ultimately excluded because they did not meet inclusion criteria. Common causes for exclusion were late admission, age, gunshot wound, and absence of signs of compression on imaging studies. Thus, only approximately 50% of @entity1 with acute @entity1566 would be eligible for inclusion in a study of acute decompressive surgery. Although all @entity1 underwent computerized tomography (CT) scanning, only 54% underwent magnetic resonance imaging, and CT myelography was performed in only 6%. Complete @entity16 (American @entity3510 Association Grade A) were present in 57.8%. Traction was applied in only 47% of @entity1 who sustained cervical injury, in whom decompressive traction was successful in only 42% of cases. @entity16 occurred in 8.1% of cases after traction. Surgery was performed in 65.4% of @entity1 . The timing of surgery varied widely: less than 24 hours postinjury in 23.5%, between 25 and 48 hours postinjury in 15.8%, between 48 and 96 hours in 19%, and more than 5 days postinjury in 41.7% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that although surgery is commonly performed in @entity1 with acute @entity1566 , one third of cases are managed nonoperatively, and there is very little agreement on the optimum timing of surgical treatment. The results of this study confirm the need for a randomized controlled trial to assess the optimum timing of decompressive surgery in @entity1566 .

title: Current use and timing of spinal surgery for management of acute spinal surgery for management of acute XXXX in North America: results of a retrospective multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injuries', 'Neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goals of this work are to describe late thyroid function and to determine predictive factors of permanent @entity1375 following surgery in Graves- @entity2743 . @entity1 AND METHOD: From 1979 to 1999, 107 @entity1 with @entity1378 due to Graves- @entity2743 underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. We performed life-table analysis and calculated the cumulative incidence of @entity1375 by means of the Kaplan-Meier's method. Survival (euthyroidism)within @entity1 groups was compared using the Mantel-Cox method. Variables influencing long-term thyroid function were determined by estimating the Odds ratio with a logistic regression model. RESULTS: The probability of euthyroidism among all 107 @entity1 at 240 months was 51.4%.Age, gender, duration of both @entity1378 and antithyroid therapy and weight of resected thyroid tissue did not influence the eventual outcome. The weight of thyroid remnant was 5.4 (1.5)g and the conditional logistic regression analysis showed that weight of thyroid remnant was the only variable influencing long-term thyroid function. @entity1378 relapsed in 5 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In our experience,surgery represents a definitive alternative treatment with a risk of @entity1375 within the first 2 years of 43.9%. The weight of thyroid remnant is the only variable influencing long-term thyroid function.

title: [Prognostic factors of thyroid function following surgical therapy in Graves- XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Basedow's disease"]

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Basedow's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is largely genetically determined and this influence is most powerful in the period of rapid skeletal development in childhood and late adolescence but environmental factors such as exercise and dietary @entity460 intake may influence up to 20%. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aims of the study were to examine healthy late adolescent females for the effects and benefits of a high @entity460 intake from dairy product foods on bone mineral density, body composition, lipids and biochemistry. The secondary aim is determine whether a high intake of dairy product foods in the diet is acceptable for this age group long term. METHODS: Ninety-one teenage @entity1 who participated in a two-year randomised controlled study on the effect of dairy food supplementation on dietary patterns, body composition and bone density in post-pubertal teenage @entity1 were approached one year after the cessation of the study to determine the effects of the cessation of dairy supplements on bone mineral density, dietary habits, biochemical markers, @entity1503 . @entity79 and bone mineral content were assessed at the hip, spine and total body. Anthropometric data were collected, and exercise, Tanner, dietary assessment, preference and compliance questionnaires were administered. Lipid profiles, @entity720 excretion and urinary @entity460 and @entity1372 excretion measurements were performed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups for height, weight, lean and fat mass. The supplemented group had significantly higher @entity460 , @entity3151 and protein intake during the supplementation period (p < 0.001). No differences were seen between the groups 12 months after supplementation finished. There were no significant differences in exercise level, preference or acceptability of dairy products or in the lipids and bone markers between baseline the end of supplementation and 1 year follow-up. There was a significant increase in trochanter (4.6%), lumbar spine (1.5%) and femoral neck (4.8%) @entity79 (p < 0.05) in the high @entity460 group at the end of supplementation. There was an increase in bone mineral content at the trochanter (p < 0.05) and lumbar spine; however the latter was not statistically significant, in the high @entity460 group at the end of supplementation. There was no difference in vertebral height or width at any stage of the study, indicating no influence on bone size. CONCLUSIONS: In this 3 year study (2 years of supplementation, 1 year follow-up), teenage @entity1 , aged 15-18 years, were able to significantly increase their @entity79 at the trochanter, femoral neck and lumbar spine when supplemented with dairy product foods to a mean @entity460 intake of 1160 mg/d. There was also an effect seen on the BMC particularly at the trochanter and to a lesser extent at the lumbar spine. The dietary @entity460 intake achieved did not adversely affect body weight, fat and lean mass or blood lipid profiles. Twelve months after the supplementation finished the @entity1 had returned to their baseline diet, indicating self-selection of a high dairy product diet may be hard to achieve.

title: Effects of diary food supplements on bone mineral density in teenage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['body composition and blood lipids']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: The first @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) scoring system was published in 1958. Since then, many other scoring systems were developed. Clinical parameters, details about statistical evaluations, and recent strategic uses of scores were identified. Several similar scores aiming to assess @entity102 severity (Shwachman-Kulczycki score and a modification, Cooperman, Berneze-score and the NIH score) have not been evaluated and are out of date, given the changing natural history of @entity1577 . Of the current scoring systems, the modified Shwachman score by Doershuk is perhaps most reliable for describing follow-up studies. Scores designed for acute changes and short-term evaluation were also developed. The modified Huang score may be useful in the prognostic evaluation of @entity1 with @entity454 . It could also be used for discrimination of adult @entity1 with differing disease severity and for longitudinal evaluation. Scores assessing pulmonary exacerbations could help provide consensus among clinicians regarding the need for intervention. Most of these scores require further evaluation. Although scores could provide an objective measure of disease severity, progression, need for and response to interventions, including value in selecting @entity1 for lung transplantation and as an outcome measure for research studies, no scoring system can fulfill all these objectives. Nevertheless, there is a need for the development of a modern day longitudinal score that is sensitive, valid and reproducible, to reflect the milder disease status of @entity1 .

title: Clinical scoring systems in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage disease']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess health professionals' beliefs about the helpfulness of a broad range of possible interventions for @entity146 . METHOD: The study involved a postal survey of 872 general practitioners (GPs), 1128 psychiatrists and 454 clinical psychologists. These health practitioners were presented with a vignette describing either a @entity1 with @entity161 or one with @entity308 . The vignettes were taken from an earlier survey of the general public. Respondents were asked to rate the likely helpfulness of various types of professional and non-professional help and of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. RESULTS: Two-thirds or more of each profession agreed that the @entity1 with @entity161 would be helped by GPs, psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, antipsychotic agents and admission to a @entity146 ward. Similarly, two-thirds agreed that the @entity1 with @entity308 would be helped by GPs, psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, antidepressants, counselling and cognitive-behavioural therapy. However, there were also areas of disagreement. Psychiatrists were less likely than GPs and clinical psychologists to rate psychological and lifestyle interventions as helpful, while clinical psychologists were less likely to rate specifically medical interventions as helpful. Younger members of the professional groups and female members (who also tended to be younger) tended to rate a wider range of interventions for each disorder as likely to be helpful. CONCLUSIONS: Despite areas of broad agreement about treatment, health practitioners were more likely to endorse the interventions associated with their own profession. However, younger members of each profession tended take a broader view. If these age differences represent a cohort effect, health professionals may in the future show greater acceptance of the helpfulness of interventions offered outside their profession. These conclusions are limited by the methodology of the survey, which involved a questionnaire designed for the public rather than professionals.

title: Beliefs about the helpfulness of interventions for XXXX : a comparison of general practitioners, psychiatrists and clinical psychologists.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess if @entity117 improves pregnancy outcome in @entity1 undergoing @entity52 ( @entity52 ) with a diagnosis of poor response. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING: Academic private practice. @entity1 (S): 1250 poor-responder @entity1 undergoing @entity52 . INTERVENTION(S): Low-dose (81 mg) @entity117 before and during an @entity52 cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Live-birth rate. RESULT(S): @entity1 taking 81 mg of @entity117 had statistically significantly higher basal antral follicle counts, more days of stimulation, more ampules of gonadotropins used, higher peak @entity53 levels, and more follicles that were > or = 14 mm in diameter on the day of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin administration. There was a decrease in the overall fertilization rate for the @entity1 taking @entity117 . There was no difference in @entity52 outcome rates (implantation, pregnancy, loss, or live birth). CONCLUSION(S): @entity1 with a diagnosis of poor response who were taking a regimen of 81 of mg @entity117 showed an increase in many @entity52 stimulation parameters and a decrease in fertilization rates. No improvement secondary to 81-mg @entity117 intake was found in @entity52 outcome rates.

title: Low-dose XXXX use does not improve @entity52 outcomes in poor responders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: Intermediate filament proteins including nestin, @entity25071 and neurofilament were immunohistochemically studied during neurogenesis in the @entity1573 cervical spinal cord from stages 8 to 28. At stage 8, neuroepithelial cells of the neural groove contained a large amount of nestin in their cytoplasm and a little @entity25071 in the basal cytoplasmic areas, and no neurofilaments could be recognized at all. At stage 10, there was a marked decrease in nestin expression in the neural groove, and there was an increase in @entity25071 in neuroepithelial cells. At stage 15, when the neural tube was formed, small oval neuroblasts appeared in the peripheral area of the neuroepithelium. By employing double-immunostaining, three different neuroblasts could be identified; @entity25071 -positive and neurofilament-negative cells, neurofilament- and @entity25071 -double-positive cells, and neurofilament-positive and @entity25071 -negative cells. During the neuroblast stage, intracellular intermediate filaments were relayed from @entity25071 to neurofilaments. At stage 20, large polygonal cells containing a large number of neurofilaments could be recognized in the enlarged basal plate of the neural tube. At stage 28, neuronal processes developed in large polygonal cells and, although the staining intensity of the neurofilaments was slightly decreased in the soma, the neuronal processes contained a large number of neurofilaments. During neurogenesis in the @entity1573 cervical spinal cord, the intermediate filaments, nestin and @entity25071 , are present in neuroepithelial cells. During the neuroblast stage, @entity25071 and neurofilaments are observed together for a short time. Finally, in polygonal neurons, only neurofilaments are observed.

title: [Alterations in neuroepithelial intermediate filaments during neurogenesis in the XXXX cervical spinal cord].

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: Our purpose was to investigate side effects of sleep @entity386 treatment by removable @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) that advance the mandible. In 22 @entity1 suffering from @entity27 ( @entity27 ), questionnaire evaluations, polysomnographies, cephalographies, and dental plaster casts were obtained before initiation of treatment with @entity1697 that fully covered both dental arches. @entity1 were reevaluated after 3 to 12 mo (questionnaires, polysomnographies) and 12 to 30 mo (questionnaires, cephalographies, plaster casts) during continuous treatment. Polysomnographies confirmed improved breathing by @entity1697 . All @entity1 experienced persistent alleviation of symptoms after 12 to 30 mo and wished to continue treatment. Side effects were common but only mildly disturbing: mucosal dryness (86% of @entity1 ), tooth discomfort (59%), and @entity4164 (55%). Cephalographies revealed a decrease in the mean (+/- SE) upper incisors to maxillary plane angle from 102 +/- 2 degrees at baseline, to 101 +/- 2 degrees after 12 to 30 mo (p < 0.05). Overbite and overjet were also slightly (mean reduction < 1 mm) but significantly reduced. None of these side effects required discontinuation of treatment. @entity1697 are an effective therapy of @entity27 . Mild side effects are common but rarely require intervention. Nevertheless, close follow-up during long-term therapy by @entity1697 is advisable in order to timely detect potentially relevant orthodontic changes.

title: Side effects of mandibular advancement devices for sleep XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral appliances', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity4164 :: ('MESH:D012798', 'Disease') :: ['hypersalivation']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea']


abstract: Carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ) increases with advancing age in @entity1 . The underlying mechanism of this increase is unknown, but data from animal studies suggest that a chronic increase in local distending pressure can act as a stimulus. To test this hypothesis, we studied a total of 129 healthy normotensive, nonobese, nonsmoking @entity1 aged 18 to 77 years. @entity551 (SBP) was unchanged, but carotid SBP increased progressively with age (P<0.05). Carotid @entity121 and the ratio of carotid @entity121 to lumen (ultrasonography) increased progressively with age (P<0.05). Carotid @entity121 was approximately 50% greater in the older compared with the young @entity1 . Carotid SBP was positively related to carotid @entity121 (r=0.55, P<0.001). After carotid SBP was taken into account (ANCOVA), the age-related difference in carotid @entity121 was no longer statistically significant (P=0.22). We conclude that carotid @entity121 increases with age in healthy @entity1 in the absence of elevations in peripheral SBP. Carotid SBP increases progressively with advancing age in this population and is significantly related to the corresponding carotid wall @entity1184 . These results support the hypothesis that chronic increases in local distending pressure may be an important mechanism in the wall thickening that occurs with @entity1 aging in central elastic arteries.

title: Carotid artery wall XXXX with age is related to local systolic blood pressure in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Brachial systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: CONTEXT: Elucidation of the @entity63 cascade has helped stimulate development of neuroprotective drugs aimed at limiting @entity1545 in the hours following an @entity385 . To date, none of these drugs has shown clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of gavestinel ( @entity44844 ), an antagonist of the @entity2228 site of the @entity1024 receptor, as a neuroprotective therapy for acute @entity385 when administered within 6 hours of symptom onset. DESIGN: The Glycine Antagonist in Neuroprotection (GAIN) Americas trial, a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial with enrollment from April 1998 to October 1999. SETTING: One hundred thirty-two hospital centers across the United States and Canada. @entity1 : The primary efficacy population consisted of 1367 @entity385 @entity1 with a predefined level of limb weakness and functional independence prior to @entity64 , stratified at randomization by age (</=75 vs >75 years) and @entity64 severity (National Institutes of Health [NIH] @entity64 Scale scores of 2-5, 6-13, or >/=14). INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous loading dose (800 mg) plus 5 maintenance doses (200 mg every 12 hours) of gavestinel (n = 701) or placebo (n = 666) for 3 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Functional capability at 3 months, measured by the Barthel Index (BI), with scores trichotomized as dead/0-55, 60-90, and 95-100, compared between the gavestinel and placebo groups. RESULTS: Treatment groups were well matched for baseline characteristics. For each group, median NIH @entity64 Scale was 12, median age was 72 years, and median time to treatment was 5.2 hours. No statistically significant improvement on the 3-month BI trichotomy was demonstrated for gavestinel (P =.79). The proportion who were functionally independent (BI score = 95-100) was 39% in the gavestinel group and 37% in the placebo group. No statistically significant difference in 3-month survival was observed using Kaplan-Meier curves (P =.11). No other secondary end point suggested an advantage for gavestinel. Among the 333 @entity1 (24%) who received recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, there was also no benefit for gavestinel (P =.53). There were no serious safety issues. CONCLUSION: In this study, @entity44844 administered up to 6 hours after an acute @entity385 did not improve functional outcome at 3 months.

title: @entity2228 antagonist in neuroprotection for @entity1 with XXXX : GAIN Americas: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['initial stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: During chemotherapy of @entity981 ( @entity981 ), @entity1 sometimes exhibit @entity16 . Chemiotherapeutic regimens include @entity1499 , administered either intravenously or via intrathecal route. Although multiple drugs are used in addition to @entity1499 , the acute @entity2359 reported in @entity1 is usually attributed to @entity1499 . The acute @entity2359 usually results in @entity64 -like symptoms such as @entity2026 , @entity425 , @entity2055 and @entity410 . OUTLINE OF CASES: From 2002 until January 2008, 32 @entity1 with @entity981 were diagnosed and treated at the @entity1 's Hospital in Nis. The @entity1 ' age ranged from 1.5 to 16 years. They were treated in accordance with the protocol @entity981 IC-BFM 2002 ( @entity981  nster 2002). Two of the @entity1 (6.25%) exhibited @entity2359 . After the occurrence of @entity16 , the @entity1 were ophthalmologically and neurologically examined. In addition, the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computerized tomography and electroencephalography were applied. The paper presents two @entity1 , aged 9 and 15 years respectively, who exhibited acute @entity2359 -- @entity1499 @entity75 during @entity981 treatment. Both @entity1 had @entity410 and @entity16 in the course of the induction therapy. @entity2359 occurred 7 days after the third, and 3 days after the fourth intrathecal @entity1499 therapy. MR images confirmed multi-focal morphological changes of brain density in one of the @entity1 , while the other @entity1 had normal CT reading. Even though the development significantly differed, the changes were reversible in both @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The @entity2359 in @entity1 with @entity981 can be combined with significant structural changes of the brain, but also morphological changes can be absent. Several questions concerning aetiology and treatment of neurological events are raised.

title: [ @entity2359 during induction treatment of childhood XXXX --two case reports].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL', 'ALL Intercontinental Berlin Frankfurt M']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disturbances', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness, sensory deficits']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of @entity1640 with the free @entity1955 index (FTI) in @entity3124 @entity1 . Fourteen @entity3124 @entity1 and twenty healthy volunteers were studied using combined anterior pituitary gland testing with @entity6192 , @entity7704 , TRH, and @entity1176 . The subjects were grouped as follows: I-healthy volunteers; II-sick/normal FTI; and III-sick/low FTI. Serial measurements of hormones were performed over a two-hour interval and the following parameters were measured: baseline level, response amplitude and time to maximal response. Response velocities and area-under-the-curves (integrated responses) were also computed. Group III had a longer mean ICU duration prior to testing than group II. Urinary @entity701 , serum @entity701 and serum PRL levels were elevated in groups II and III. However, group III had lower baseline ACTH levels, slower ACTH and TSH response velocities and decreased PRL integrated responses. @entity701 response parameters were similar between groups II and III. There were no differences in LH, FSH or GH response velocities or integrated responses among the 3 groups. These data confirm that @entity3124 @entity1 develop @entity4089 and @entity2339 activation but when a low FTI exists, a plurality of changes occur reflected by attenuated PRL, TSH and ACTH responses despite unaffected adrenal @entity701 output.

title: @entity1640 in XXXX @entity1 with a low free @entity1955 index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary axis abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic thoracic sympthectomy (ETS) is frequently used in the management of @entity1 with @entity1119 and excessive blushing. Long term-follow up is scarce. We retrospectively reviewed long-term morbidity, success and overall @entity1 satisfaction rates in @entity1 operated in our department. METHOD: Data of all @entity1 undergoing ETS for either @entity3140 or facial blushing and sweating between January 1994 and December 2006 were reviewed. A standard questionnaire inquiring on relief of symptoms, satisfaction with the operation and occurrence of @entity3190 ( @entity3190 ) was sent out in January 2008. RESULTS: We performed bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomies in 73 @entity1 . There were no operative mortalities, minor complications occurred in 22%. Initial success rate was 88%. Median follow up was 93 (24-168) months, response rate to the questionnaire was 85%. Sixty-nine per cent of @entity1 continued to have relief of initial symptoms, whereas @entity1 satisfaction rate was 56%. @entity3190 was present in 42 @entity1 (68%). Long-term satisfaction rates per initial indication group were 42% for facial blushing and 65% for @entity1119 (n.s.), and @entity3190 was present in 79% vs 61%, respectively. CONCLUSION: ETS appears a safe treatment for @entity3140 with acceptable long-term results. For excessive blushing, however, long-term satifaction rates of ETS are severely hampered by a high incidence of disturbing @entity3190 . ETS should only be indicated in @entity1 with unbearable symptoms refractory to non-surgical treatment. The @entity1 information must include the long-term substantial risk for sever @entity3190 and regret of the procedure.

title: Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy: long-term results for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb hyperhydrosis', 'upper limb hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'compensatory sweating']

answer: @entity3140 :: (MESH:D038062,Disease) :: ['upper limb hyperhidrosis and facial blushing']


abstract: The @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) has been unequivocally implicated as a mediator of @entity6 complications. The present study was designed to evaluate the RAS in non-insulin dependent @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2316 . Plasma @entity916 activity, plasma @entity2178 and serum @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) activity were measured in 45 @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) @entity1 and 15 healthy non- @entity6 controls. @entity6 were subdivided into 15 normoalbuminuric @entity2175 subjects, 15 @entity2175 @entity1 with microalbuminuria and 15 @entity6 with macroalbuminuria. Mean plasma @entity916 activity for macroalbuminuric @entity6 (0.65+/-0.10 ng/ml/hr) was significantly reduced than the controls (1.28+/-0.37 ng/ml/hr) (P<0.001), the @entity6 group with microalbuminuria (1.08+/-0.48 ng/ml/hr) (P<0.05) and normoalbuminuric @entity1 (1.56+/-0.82 ng/ml/hr) (P<0.001). A significant negative correlation was obtained between serum @entity1011 and plasma @entity916 activity (r=-0.842, p<0.001) in macroalbuminuric @entity2175 @entity1 . Plasma @entity2178 was significantly decreased in non-complicated @entity6 compared to healthy controls (4.36+/-1.49 pg/ml vs 14.87+/-3.48 pg/ml respectively, p<0.001). Non-insulin dependent @entity6 @entity1 with @entity8 had significantly higher plasma @entity2178 levels (28.99+/-5.88 pg/ml) than non-complicated @entity6 (p<0.001). Serum @entity1289 activity was increased in 53.3% of @entity2175 @entity1 . All @entity6 groups showed increased serum @entity1289 activity (normoalbuminuric @entity2175 114.9+/-28.3 nmol/min/ml, microalbuminuric @entity2175 127.9+/-31.2 nmol/min/ml and macroalbuminuric @entity2175 127.0+/-29.3 nmol/min/ml) when compared to the normal control group (76.3+/-16.5 nmol/min/ml) (p<0.001). No significant difference in serum @entity1289 activity was obtained between normoalbuminuric and @entity6 or between @entity6 with and without @entity989 . No significant correlation was obtained between serum @entity1289 activity and blood pressure, blood @entity413 level and duration of @entity6 . Thus plasma @entity916 activity is decreased in @entity2316 and negatively correlates with serum @entity1011 . Plasma @entity2178 is decreased in normoalbuminuric @entity6 and elevated in @entity2316 . Serum @entity1289 activity is raised in @entity2175 @entity1 with no relation to albumin excretion rate. The role of increased @entity1289 activity in @entity2175 remains to be established.

title: Plasma @entity2178 , @entity916 activity and serum @entity1289 activity in @entity2175 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus', 'NIDDM']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathic diabetics', 'diabetics', 'diabetic', 'Diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: The aim of this study was to identify factors other than objective sleep tendency associated with scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). There were 225 subjects, of whom 40% had @entity27 ( @entity27 ), 16% had simple snoring, and 4.9% had snoring with @entity25 (upper @entity1224 ); 9.3% had @entity2724 and 7.5% had @entity2147 without @entity1949 ; 12% had @entity5815 ; 7.5% had @entity10522 and 3% had diurnal rhythm disorders. ESS, the results of overnight polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and SCL-90 as a measure of @entity1109 were recorded. The ESS score and the @entity25 ( @entity25 ) were correlated (Spearman rho = -0.30, P < 0.0001). The @entity25 was correlated with @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and with sleep efficiency but not with apnoea/hypopnoea index. There was no association between the @entity25 and any aspect of SCL-90 scores, except a borderline significant association with the somatisation subscale. The ESS was correlated with @entity25 but not with sleep efficiency or apnoea/hypopnoea index. The ESS was correlated with all subscales of the SCL-90 except psychoticism. An ESS > or = 10 had poor sensitivity and specificity as a predictor of @entity25 < 10 min or @entity25 < 5 min. We conclude that the MSLT and the ESS are not interchangeable. The ESS was influenced by psychological factors by which the @entity25 was not affected. The ESS cannot be used to demonstrate or exclude @entity25 as it is measured by MSLT.

title: Correlations among Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores, multiple sleep latency tests and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['periodic limb movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnolence']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'TST', 'mean sleep latency', 'MSL', 'sleep disruption', 'total sleep time']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway resistance syndrome']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['psychological symptoms']


abstract: Naturally occurring @entity404 + @entity2902 + @entity403 + regulatory T cells (Treg) suppress T helper (Th) cell-mediated immune responses. The cytokines @entity1199 and @entity650 are known to influence Treg function. However, their relative effects on Th cells versus Treg are not well understood. Stimulation with @entity1199 , and to a lesser extent, @entity650 , enhanced Treg proliferation, @entity403 and @entity4386 maintenance, and suppressive function. In contrast, when @entity1199 or @entity650 were added to Treg/Th cell cocultures, suppression was inhibited. The molecule @entity5740 negatively regulates responses to @entity1199 and @entity650 . Interestingly, unlike Th cells, Treg were found to be deficient in @entity5740 protein expression. The significance of this finding lies in the need for Treg to rapidly respond to these cytokines to prevent unwarranted immune responses to self-antigens. Overexpression of @entity5740 in Treg decreased their proliferation, @entity403 and @entity4386 expression and suppressive function. Thus, up-regulation of @entity5740 expression may be a useful therapeutic approach in diseases where inhibition of Treg is desirable.

title: Deficient @entity5740 expression in @entity404 + @entity2902 + @entity403 + regulatory T cells and XXXX -mediated suppression of Treg function.

answer: @entity5740 :: (9021,Gene) :: ['SOCS3']


abstract: @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ), @entity1426 in particular, are well known, potent inducers of @entity4 in the brain, while monounsaturated and saturated long chain @entity1718 do not possess this quality. This investigation has compared the ability of some free @entity1718 (FFAs), known to be released during @entity2806 , to induce brain mitochondrial swelling in vitro. The @entity5204 tested, especially @entity1426 (20:4), were more potent in causing swelling than saturated or monounsaturated ones, as measured by the decrease in light absorbance of the mitochondrial suspension. This finding is in line with the unique potency of 20:4 to induce @entity2657 . Incubation of brain mitochondria with 20:4 for 20 min caused a dose-dependent swelling. @entity855 - @entity8723 both prevented and reversed this swelling, while binding of the 20:4 by the addition of bovine serum albumin could only prevent but not reverse the swelling. The contraction of the swollen mitochondria appeared to be mediated by a mechanism dependent upon high-energy @entity6546 , potentiated by @entity8723 . The concentration of 20:4 required to induce swelling was about 20 times higher than the concentration required to induce inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory function (L Hillered and P H Chan: J Neurosci Res 19:94-100, 1988a). Moreover, reversal of the swelling occurred without recovery of respiratory function. These results suggest that swelling is a phenomenon of minor importance as an indicator of brain mitochondrial dysfunction, at least when induced by 20:4 in vitro.

title: Brain mitochondrial swelling induced by XXXX and other long chain free @entity1718 .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The optimal combination of concomitant radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy in stage III unresectable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) remains unclear. The role of induction chemotherapy with @entity3003 / @entity136 regimen has not been established in @entity5 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity5 @entity1 , 41 assessable, with a median age of 60 years and good performance status, entered this trial between January 2003 and November 2004. They received @entity3003 area under the curve 5 on day 1 and @entity136 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 + 8 every 3 weeks for two cycles, followed on day 50 by RT 60 Gy, concomitantly with @entity1311 50 mg/m2 and @entity136 100 mg/m2 on days 1 + 8 every 3 weeks for two cycles. RESULTS: After induction, the partial response (PR) was 73.1% and stable disease was 24.4%. Disease progressed in one @entity1 . After RT and @entity1311 / @entity136 , 22% achieved a complete response and 73% a PR, and 5% had disease progression. The median survival was 25 months, the 1-year survival rate was 73.2%, and the 2-year survival rate was 50.5%. During concomitant RT and chemotherapy, grade 3 @entity1398 , @entity882 , and @entity417 occurred in eight, three, and three @entity1 , respectively, and grade 4 @entity1398 and @entity882 in one @entity1 each. One @entity1 developed an esophageal fistula and died shortly after, which was considered a grade 5 @entity137 ; one @entity1 developed grade 4 @entity401 , and three @entity1 developed grade 3 @entity2910 . CONCLUSION: This regimen appears to be effective and was well tolerated. Further studies using this approach are warranted in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Phase II multicenter trial with @entity3003 and @entity136 induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy concomitantly with low-dose XXXX and @entity136 for stage IIIA and IIIB @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the morphological, kinetic and molecular characteristics of low-grade (LGD) and high-grade @entity1141 (HDG) in comparison with intestinal metaplasia type III (IM III) and normal mucosa (NM) as well as with early @entity356 of the intestinal type (EGC). Based on this it was verified whether these categories are distinct, progressive proliferative steps from IM III to LGD, @entity27552 and EGC, according to Correa's sequence of events. The morphology, @entity6578 ( @entity6578 ), and the apoptotic index (AI) were assessed. The @entity5962 expression ( @entity5962 ), matrix-metalloproteinase activity ( @entity1476 ), and the number of microvessels (NV) were also evaluated. Among the categories, @entity6578 increases from NM to IM III and LGD, and from LGD to @entity27552 and EGC, while AI continues to increase also from @entity27552 to EGC. @entity5962 decreases from NM to EGC, although not significantly from LGD to @entity27552 ; @entity1476 is significantly more expressed only in EGC. Three groups are obtained by means of cluster analysis. The first group includes all the NMs and IM IIIs, all except 1 LGD, about half of HGDs, and 1 EGC. @entity5962 is highly expressed, @entity1476 and angiogenesis are low, the proliferative activity is low and mitoses are partly balanced by apoptoses. The second group includes some EGCs and HGDs and is characterised by a very high proliferative activity and cell death; there is an initial loss of cell adhesion, an increase of @entity1476 and NV. The third group includes the majority of EGCs, but also 1 @entity27552 : it has intermediate @entity6578 and AI, the lowest expression of @entity5962 , the highest expression of @entity1476 and the most numerous microvessels. These results underscore the necessity of evaluating each case individually within the same singular category of Correa's sequence. The use of kinetic and molecular parameters in addition to the morphological analysis may give important information on the behaviour of the various lesions.

title: Cell proliferation, cell death, XXXX , metalloproteinase expression and angiogenesis in @entity356 precursors and early cancer of the intestinal type.

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'mitotic index']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasias']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['E-cadherin']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity15439 ( @entity24129 ) show moderate-to-severe @entity393 ( @entity393 ), @entity6391 and normal vestibular function. The progression of @entity393 remains controversial. To evaluate whether a phenotype-genotype correlation exists regarding the issue of progression of @entity393 , only @entity24129 @entity1 with a defined genotype were selected. Ophthalmologic, vestibular and audiometric examination along with a mutation analysis of the @entity24129 gene (exons 1--21) was performed in twenty-eight Spanish @entity24129 @entity1 . Ten different pathogenic mutations and 17 sequence variants not associated with the disease were found. Six of the 10 mutations are novel. Disease alleles were identified in 13 of the 28 families tested. Eight of these 13 families had a mutation found in both alleles. In the other five families, only one mutation was identified. The phenotypic data provide evidence for the existence of phenotypic differences between @entity1 with the same genotype. These differences were observed at both the interfamilial and intrafamilial levels.

title: Clinical and genetic studies in Spanish @entity1 with XXXX : description of new mutations and evidence for a lack of genotype--phenotype correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ['Usher syndrome type II']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'hearing loss']

answer: @entity15439 :: (MESH:D052245,Disease) :: ['Usher syndrome type II']


abstract: The contributions of @entity934 and/or @entity842 (NO) to the rapid changes in @entity1 forearm blood flow (FBF) at the onset and recovery from mild exercise were studied in eight subjects. @entity2472 were performed during brachial artery infusions of saline (2 ml/min; control), @entity3897 (0.2 mg over 3 min), to block @entity934 binding to muscarinic receptors, or @entity3897 + @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ; 4 mg/min for 4 min), to additionally inhibit NO synthase. Brachial artery mean blood velocity ( @entity5685 ; pulsed Doppler ultrasound) and diameter (echo Doppler) were measured continuously, and FBF was calculated. @entity3897 reduced @entity934 -induced increases in FBF by approximately 71% (P < 0.05). FBF at rest was reduced by @entity3897 and further reduced with @entity3897 + @entity7293 . Both drug conditions reduced FBF during exercise by approximately 10% compared with control, with no difference between drug treatments. Brachial artery diameter was unchanged from rest by exercise, recovery, and drug treatments. Neither drug treatment altered the rate or magnitude of the increase in FBF above rest. Peak FBF after exercise was reduced by @entity3897 and @entity3897 + @entity7293 . Total FBF during 5 min of recovery was reduced with @entity3897 + @entity7293 compared with control and @entity3897 . The results suggest that 1) @entity934 and NO mechanisms additively contribute to FBF levels at rest, 2) a cholinergic mechanism adjusts the absolute FBF levels during exercise, 3) neither @entity934 nor NO is essential to observe the normal time course or magnitude of the exercise response, and 4) NO contributes to the FBF response during recovery from exercise.

title: Contributions of @entity934 and XXXX to forearm blood flow at exercise onset and recovery.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['Rhythmic handgrip contractions']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']