abstract: BACKGROUND: Behavioral genomics has made dramatic progress toward mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that contain genes responsible for phenotypic differences in a variety of behavioral responses to @entity167 ( @entity1068 ). We previously identified a QTL on @entity19 Chromosome 11 that affects genetic predisposition to acute @entity167 withdrawal. Among @entity19 derived from the C57BL/6J (B6) and @entity7840 /2J (D2) inbred strains, this QTL ( @entity48806 ) accounts for 12% of the genetic variability in withdrawal liability. Candidate genes within this QTL encode the @entity1246 type A ( @entity1246 A) receptor gamma2, alpha1, alpha6, and beta2 subunits. We recently identified a coding sequence polymorphism between the B6 and D2 strains for the @entity1246 A receptor gamma2 subunit gene ( @entity22099 ). In this study, we expand our analysis to a panel of BXD strains derived from the B6 and D2 progenitor strains. These BXD strains provide 26 fixed recombinant genotypes that can be used to examine genetic correlations, for example, between a phenotype of interest and allelic variation in a candidate gene. METHODS: @entity22099 was cloned and sequenced from the 26 BXD recombinant inbred strains. We analyzed genetic correlations between allelic variation in @entity22099 and @entity167 phenotypes previously measured in the BXD strain means. RESULTS: Allelic variation in @entity22099 is correlated genetically with predisposition to acute @entity167 withdrawal and may underlie the @entity48806 locus. In addition, @entity22099 is associated with @entity1068 -conditioned taste aversion, @entity1068 -induced @entity2055 , and @entity1068 -induced @entity2332 . A trend is observed for chronic @entity1068 withdrawal, @entity1068 -induced loss of righting reflex, and tolerance to @entity1068 -induced @entity2332 and @entity2055 . CONCLUSIONS: Functionally relevant variation in @entity22099 , or a closely linked gene, is correlated genetically with some, but not all, behavioral responses to @entity167 . The @entity167 -related phenotypes associated with @entity22099 generally may be characterized as debilitating or motivationally negative.

title: Allelic variation in the @entity1246 A receptor gamma2 subunit is associated with genetic susceptibility to @entity1068 -induced XXXX and @entity2332 , conditioned taste aversion, and withdrawal in BXD/Ty recombinant inbred @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia', 'motor incoordination']

answer: @entity2055 :: (MESH:D001259,Disease) :: ['motor incoordination']


abstract: The effects of @entity5402 , @entity6139 (CCK-8), secretin, @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), and second mediator-like substances ( @entity3365 , @entity1359 , and @entity8279 ) on mucus secretion from cultured gastric epithelial cells were investigated. Gastric mucus was measured by an enzyme-linked lectin assay with @entity1460 agglutinin and @entity3505 germ agglutinin. Intracellular @entity268 and @entity141 were measured with a @entity268 assay kit and an image analysis system using @entity593 -loaded cells, respectively. Secreted mucus induced by any combination of receptor agonists was almost equal to the summation of each stimulated mucus secretion. On the other hand, combined stimulation with second mediator-like substances secreted mucus synergistically. These results suggest the existence of interactions among receptors for mucus secretion. Based on these results, the secretagogue induced intracellular @entity268 and free @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) levels were measured in cultured gastric epithelial cells incubated with secretagogues. Secretin and @entity1421 induced @entity268 accumulation, and @entity5402 and CCK-8 induced a [ @entity141 ]i increase. To confirm these results, the effects of @entity12175 and C inhibitors and intracellular @entity460 chelator on mucus secretion were investigated. An intracellular @entity460 chelator inhibited the mucus secretion induced not only by @entity5402 and CCK-8 but also by @entity11384 and @entity1421 . These results suggest that the [ @entity141 ]i plays an important role in mucus secretion through @entity268 accumulation.

title: Mechanisms of gastric mucus secretion from cultured rat gastric epithelial cells induced by @entity5402 , @entity6139 , secretin, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

entities_list: @entity6139 :: ('MESH:D012844', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin octapeptide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: We attempted to prepare a new @entity3101 formulation for topical application using @entity14110 ( @entity14111 ). @entity3101 dissolves poorly in both water and oil, but dissolves in @entity14111 to a concentration of about 100 mg/ml. A @entity1460 oil-water emulsion with @entity1460 lecithin and @entity14111 as emulsifier and co-solvent, respectively, was prepared using a Microfluidizer, a high-pressure homogenizer. The size of the droplets in emulsion was about 200 nm, and the emulsion was stable for over 3 months. The skin permeation of @entity3101 through Yucatan micropig skin was studied in vitro using vertical type cells under donor phase open conditions. The permeation of @entity3101 from the @entity14111 -water mixture (0-40%) into the skin tended to increase with increasing @entity14111 concentration, although this finding was not statistically significant. Permeation from emulsion (oil phase, 20%; @entity14111 10-40%) was significantly higher than that from the water- @entity14111 mixture. Permeation from the oil- @entity14111 mixture was highest among the formulations investigated, and permeation from emulsion under donor phase closed conditions was significantly lower than that under open conditions. We believe that the evaporation of water from the emulsion after application to the skin was an important factor in skin permeation enhancement. When the emulsion containing 3% @entity46098 was applied, a sufficient skin concentration (47 microg/cm3 in dermis) was obtained.

title: Preparation of XXXX for topical application using @entity14110 .

entities_list: @entity14110 :: ('MESH:C038678', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity3101 :: ('MESH:D006118', 'Chemical') :: ['griseofulvin', 'Griseofulvin']

answer: @entity3101 :: (MESH:D006118,Chemical) :: ['griseofulvin']


abstract: Most studies examining antiarrhythmic drug exacerbation of @entity943 have been performed in @entity1 in whom clinical proarrhythmia developed. The clinical significance and predictors of antiarrhythmic drug exacerbation of inducible @entity943 during electrophysiologic study have received less attention. Accordingly, a consecutive number of @entity1 undergoing electrophysiologic study for evaluation of @entity943 (but who had no history of clinical proarrhythmia) were prospectively examined. Drug-induced exacerbation was defined as no inducible @entity1165 in the baseline drug-free state that increased to inducible nonsustained or sustained @entity1165 , or inducible nonsustained @entity1165 at baseline that increased to inducible sustained @entity1165 . After administration of primarily type IA antiarrhythmic agents ( @entity1818 and @entity5126 in 97% of the @entity1 ), @entity1 were considered drug test negative (n = 80) when they had no increase in inducible @entity1165 , and @entity1 were considered drug test positive (n = 16) when they had exacerbation of inducible @entity943 . The drug test-positive group's clinical characteristics differed markedly from those of the drug test-negative group. Compared with the drug test-negative group, the drug test-positive group had reduced (less than 40%) left ventricular ejection fractions (80% vs 39%, p = 0.005) and higher prevalences of @entity583 (81% vs 35%, p = 0.027), @entity1002 (27% vs 5%, p = 0.026), and @entity5036 (53% vs 16%, p = 0.005). Thus exacerbation of @entity1165 induction after antiarrhythmic agent administration was most common in @entity1 with significant @entity299 . The drug test-positive group was more frequently treated with antiarrhythmic therapy than was the drug test-negative group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antiarrhythmic drug exacerbation of XXXX inducibility during electrophysiologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle branch blocks']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysms']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) can leave the affected individuals with @entity1746 or @entity451 , thus rendering them unable to ambulate. Since there are currently no restorative treatments for this population, novel approaches such as brain-controlled prostheses have been sought. Our recent studies show that a brain-computer interface (BCI) can be used to control ambulation within a virtual reality environment (VRE), suggesting that a BCI-controlled lower extremity prosthesis for ambulation may be feasible. However, the operability of our BCI has not yet been tested in a @entity1566 population. METHODS: Five @entity1 with @entity451 or @entity1688 due to @entity1566 underwent a 10-min training session in which they alternated between kinesthetic motor imagery (KMI) of idling and walking while their electroencephalogram (EEG) were recorded. @entity1 then performed a goal-oriented online task, where they utilized KMI to control the linear ambulation of an avatar while making 10 sequential stops at designated points within the VRE. Multiple online trials were performed in a single day, and this procedure was repeated across 5 experimental days. RESULTS: Classification accuracy of idling and walking was estimated offline and ranged from 60.5% (p   =   0.0176) to 92.3% (p   =   1.36 10-20) across @entity1 and days. Offline analysis revealed that the activation of mid-frontal areas mostly in the   and low b bands was the most consistent feature for differentiating between idling and walking KMI. In the online task, @entity1 achieved an average performance of 7.4  2.3 successful stops in 273  51 sec. These performances were purposeful, i.e. significantly different from the random walk Monte Carlo simulations (p<0.01), and all but one @entity1 achieved purposeful control within the first day of the experiments. Finally, all @entity1 were able to maintain purposeful control throughout the study, and their online performances improved over time. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that @entity1566 @entity1 can purposefully operate a self-paced BCI walking simulator to complete a goal-oriented ambulation task. The operation of the proposed BCI system requires short training, is intuitive, and robust against @entity1 -to- @entity1 and day-to-day neurophysiological variations. These findings indicate that BCI-controlled lower extremity prostheses for gait rehabilitation or restoration after @entity1566 may be feasible in the future.

title: Operation of a brain-computer interface walking simulator for individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine feasibility, compliance, long-term survival, and disease control rates in the intensification regimen for advanced resectable @entity189 . DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized, controlled phase 2 trial with a median follow-up period of 89 months (range, 3.4-140.0 months). SETTING: @entity5 center at a state university. @entity1 : Thirty-two @entity1 (age range, 44-79 years; median age, 59 years) with advanced (69% stage IV, 31% stage III) resectable @entity189 . INTERVENTIONS: Combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy ( @entity900 and @entity1311 ) along with intraoperative radiation therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Compliance, long-term survival, and locoregional and @entity262 control rates and functional outcome. RESULTS: The protocol compliance rate was 62% (20 of 32 @entity1 ), and the overall 5-year survival rate was 56%. Local recurrence occurred in 3 @entity1 (9%). The @entity262 control rate was 91% (29 of 32 @entity1 ). Total laryngectomy was required in 15 @entity1 (47%); preservation of the larynx was possible in 17 @entity1 (53%). Only 3 (13%) of 6 @entity1 were percutaneous @entity5274 dependent in the long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The intensification regimen described in this study accomplished excellent long-term survival and disease control rates in @entity1 with advanced resectable @entity189 . The future plan is to proceed with a phase 3 trial if the single-institutional experience at The Ohio State University can be duplicated in a multi-institutional phase 2 study.

title: Intensification regimen for advanced-stage resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic gastrostomy tube']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1117 is a serious clinical entity. The disease is caused by the failure of @entity1110 oxidase in phagocytic leukocytes to generate @entity224 , needed for the killing of micro-organisms. The @entity1 need careful management aimed at prevention and aggressive treatment of @entity281 . @entity1111 is a @entity751 , both clinically and genetically. This disease is caused by a diversity of mutations, and multiple genes are affected. In fact, in the A22 and X91 subtypes of @entity1111 , in which the alpha subunit and the beta subunit of cytochrome b558 are affected, respectively, the mutations are virtually unique for each @entity1111 family tested. The results of these studies provide a better understanding of the mechanism of action of the various components of the @entity224 -generating enzyme. Although treatment of @entity1111 @entity1 has improved considerably over the past 30 years, @entity204 caused by @entity281 is still a serious threat. Prenatal diagnosis now provides the relatives of a @entity1111 @entity1 with the possibility to choose for first-trimester abortion of an affected fetus. Moreover, genetic correction of the disease is now a goal within reach.

title: The genetic basis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['overwhelming infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic granulomatous disease']

answer: @entity1117 :: (MESH:D006105,Disease) :: ['chronic granulomatous disease']


abstract: Loss-of-function mutations in @entity47157 result in variable clinical presentations including @entity717 ( @entity717 , @entity8468 ), @entity2438 , childhood onset @entity161 and @entity71 . @entity47157 is a core member of the @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) pathway that functions to rapidly degrade transcripts with premature termination codons (PTCs). Traditionally identified in thousands of @entity1 diseases, PTCs were recently also found to be part of 'normal' genetic variation in @entity1 populations. Furthermore, many @entity1 transcripts have naturally occurring regulatory features compatible with 'endogenous' PTCs strongly suggesting roles of @entity1547 beyond PTC mRNA control. In this study, we investigated the role of @entity47157 and @entity1547 in neural cells. We provide evidence that suggests @entity47157 -dependent @entity1547 ( @entity47157 - @entity1547 ) is regulated at multiple levels during development including regulation of expression and sub-cellular localization of @entity47157 . Furthermore, complementary expression of @entity47157 , @entity14171 and @entity47158 stratify the developing dorsal telencephalon, suggesting that alternative @entity1547 , and the related @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) pathways are differentially employed. A loss of @entity47157 - @entity1547 in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) resulted in the expansion of cell numbers at the expense of their differentiation. In primary hippocampal neurons, loss of @entity47157 - @entity1547 resulted in subtle neurite growth effects. Our data suggest that the cellular consequences of loss of @entity47157 - @entity1547 can be explained in-part by changes in expression of key @entity1547 -feature containing transcripts, which are commonly deregulated also in @entity1 with @entity47157 mutations. Our research identifies novel pathological mechanisms of @entity47157 mutations and at least partly explains the clinical phenotype of @entity47157 @entity1 .

title: The @entity47157 gene, implicated in XXXX , @entity2438 , @entity71 and childhood onset @entity161 regulates neural progenitor cell behaviour and neuronal outgrowth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity8468 :: ('OMIM:600791', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic and non-syndromic']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Staufen1-mediated mRNA decay', 'nonsense-mediated mRNA decay', 'SMD', 'NMD']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'intellectual disability']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether prior appendectomy modifies the phenotype and severity of @entity30 . METHODS: Appendectomy status and smoking habits were specified by direct interview in 2838 @entity1 consecutively seen between 1995 and 2004. Occurrence of complications and therapeutic needs were reviewed retrospectively. Additionally, annual disease activity was assessed prospectively between 1995 and 2004 in @entity1 who had not had ileocecal resection and of a matched control group. RESULTS: Compared to 1770 non-appendectomized @entity1 , appendectomized @entity1 more than 5 years before @entity30 diagnosis (n=716) were more often females, smokers, with @entity4628 . Cox regression showed that prior appendectomy was positively related to the risk of intestinal stricture (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.36; P=0.02) and inversely related to the risk of perianal fistulization (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.68 to 0.83; P=0.002). No difference was observed between the two groups regarding the therapeutic needs, except for an increased risk of surgery in appendectomized @entity1 , attributable to the increased prevalence of @entity4628 . Between 1995 and 2004, @entity30 was active during 50% of years in appendectomized @entity1 (1318 out of 2637 @entity1 -years) and 51% in non-appendectomized @entity1 (1454 out of 2841 @entity1 -years; NS). CONCLUSION: Prior appendectomy is associated with a more proximal disease and has an increased risk of stricture and a lesser risk of anal fistulization. However, the severity of the disease is unaffected.

title: Prior appendectomy and the phenotype and course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2662 )-associated @entity602 /tropical @entity3500 ( @entity3498 / @entity3499 ) is a chronic @entity602 characterized by motor dysfunction of the lower extremities and urinary disturbance. Immunomodulatory treatments are the main strategy for @entity3498 / @entity3499 , but several issues are associated with long-term treatment. We conducted a clinical trial with @entity39221 (which has apoptotic activity against @entity2662 -infected cells) as a novel therapy in @entity3498 / @entity3499 @entity1 . METHODS: We enrolled 24 @entity3498 / @entity3499 @entity1 in this open-label clinical trial. @entity39221 (300 mg, orally) was administered once daily for 12 weeks. We monitored changes in the motor function of the lower extremities and urinary function as well as copy numbers of the @entity2662 provirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS: Improvement in the motor function of the lower extremities based on a reduction in @entity508 (for example, decrease in time required for walking and descending a flight of stairs) was observed. In an urodynamic study (UDS), bladder capacity and detrusor pressure and then maximum flow rate increased significantly. Detrusor overactivity and detrusor-sphincter @entity2055 improved in 68.8% and 45.5% of @entity1 observed at pretreatment, respectively. Improvement in UDS corresponded with improvements in the score of nocturia-quality of life questionnaire. @entity2662 proviral copy numbers in PBMCs decreased significantly (approximately 15.4%) compared with pretreatment levels. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity39221 can safely improve motor dysfunction of the lower extremities and urinary disturbance as well as reduce @entity2662 provirus levels in peripheral blood. It therefore has potential as a new therapeutic tool for @entity3498 / @entity3499 @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) number, UMIN000005969. Please see related commentary: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/183.

title: Efficacy of @entity39221 treatment in XXXX with @entity1 T lymphotropic virus type I-associated @entity602 /tropical @entity3500 : results from an open-label clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39221 :: ('MESH:C013294', 'Chemical') :: ['Prosultiamine', 'prosultiamine']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity2662 :: ('11908', 'Species') :: ['Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I', 'HTLV-I']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity986 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is commonly used as a surrogate marker for @entity1082 ) detection in @entity213 ( @entity213 ). However, the HPV status of @entity5 not staining strongly for @entity986 is difficult to interpret and may require the use of PCR, not available in all laboratories, as a final arbiter. We aim to determine if staining pattern in equivocal @entity986 staining and correlation to the percentage of positively stained @entity5 cells is predictive of HPV status. A retrospective review was performed on all @entity213 that underwent @entity986 IHC and PCR in our institution from 2007 to 2010. Descriptors of staining pattern in the original IHC report were retrieved. All available IHC slides were reviewed and reclassified using consensus staining pattern descriptors. Original and reclassified descriptors were compared to the final PCR HPV status for statistical significance using the   (2) test. An estimate of the percentage of @entity5 cells that showed any form of staining was performed. Thirty-two @entity213 cases that underwent PCR HPV testing had equivocal @entity986 IHC results. Twenty-six cases available for review were reclassified into four staining patterns. Comparing age, sex, @entity5 site and diagnosis to HPV PCR status showed no statistically significant findings. However, comparing original descriptors to HPV status was statistically significant with isolated staining associated with negative HPV status (p  =  0.0002). Analysis using reclassified descriptors showed strong association of membranous/cytoplasmic staining of isolated cells with negative HPV status and faint, diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic staining with positive HPV status (p  =  0.00006). HPV-negative cases with the former pattern had no more than 30  % positively-stained @entity5 cells and HPV-positive cases with the latter pattern had 50-90  % positively-stained cells. Our results suggest that pattern of staining in @entity986 IHC is associated with HPV status. For instance, a diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern, regardless of intensity, is associated with HPV positivity. The HPV-positive cases determined by staining pattern were also associated with a higher percentage of stained @entity5 cells.

title: Equivocal XXXX immunostaining in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: staining patterns are suggestive of HPV status.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16']


abstract: The enzyme II @entity2656 (EIImtl) of the @entity7954 -dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) catalyses the uptake and concomitant phosphorylation of @entity2656 by bacteria; it is specified by the gene mtlA. MtlA is located near the genes mtlF and mtlD in the staphylococcal genome, encoding the enzyme IIImtl and the @entity33227 dehydrogenase, respectively. We present the cloning of the whole operon by a novel complementation system which is generally suitable for cloning Gram-positive PTS genes. The @entity377 sequence of a 2.5-kbp subclone spanning mtlA has been determined. From the deduced @entity535 sequence, it is predicted that the membrane-protein EIImtl consists of 505 @entity535 residues (54112 Da). The protein has the expected hydropathy profile of an integral-membrane protein. The @entity2733 -terminal part of the enzyme resides within the membrane, whereas the @entity1473 -terminus of the enzyme has the properties of a soluble protein. Comparison with the known @entity535 sequence of EIImtl of @entity526 [Lee, C. A. _ Saier, M. H. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10761-10767] showed significant similarity. The motif containing the @entity462 , which is the putative second phosphorylation site in EIImtl of @entity526 [Pas, H. H. _ Robillard, G. T. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 5835-5839], is well conserved in EIImtl of @entity1414 . Chemical modification of the single active site @entity462 residue by Ellman's reagent leads to total inactivation, which can be reversed by treatment with @entity6514 .

title: @entity2656 -specific enzyme II of the @entity7954 -dependent phosphotransferase system of @entity1414 . Sequence and expression in @entity526 and structural comparison with the enzyme IImannitol of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1414 :: ('1281', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus carnosus']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity33227 :: ('MESH:C030070', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol-1-phosphate']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Atopy is a syndrome characterized by immediate hypersensitivity reactions to common environmental antigens. The "hygiene hypothesis" stipulates that childhood @entity281 are associated with a lower risk of @entity566 . Not much has been published about the effects that the treatment of @entity1907 ( @entity378 ) has on @entity566 , specifically @entity2023 . We conducted a study to investigate the prevalence of @entity2023 in @entity1 with @entity1907 before and after treatment of their @entity378 . Our initial study group was made up of 121 @entity1 with confirmed @entity1907 who were followed up by questionnaire. In addition to demographic data, they provided information about their personal and family history of @entity402 and their current status with regard to @entity2023 . After providing informed consent, all @entity1 underwent skin-prick testing with @entity7130 , @entity8786 , and Blomia tropicalis allergens before and after @entity378 treatment. Stool samples were obtained to identify @entity1 with @entity5294 , and they were excluded from the study. In all, 94 @entity1 completed treatment and follow-up, and their data were included in the final analysis. Of this group, 31 @entity1 (33.0%) exhibited symptoms of @entity2023 prior to @entity378 treatment, and 26 (27.7%) had a positive skin-prick test. Following treatment, only 12 @entity1 (12.8%) reported @entity2023 (p = 0.004), but there was no significant reduction in the number of @entity1 with a positive skin-prick test (n = 20 [21.3%]; p = 0.555). We conclude that the treatment of @entity1907 results in significant relief of @entity402 , particularly @entity2023 .

title: The impact of @entity1907 treatment on the prevalence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis symptoms', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity5294 :: ('MESH:D004320', 'Disease') :: ['worm infestation']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: The molecular diversity of cloned @entity750 receptor subtypes in the brain makes it difficult to understand the specific modulatory roles played by different receptors. In order to understand the role of the @entity36767 subtype in behavior and @entity146 , we have been studying genetic knockout @entity19 lacking the @entity36767 . The @entity36767 knockout @entity19 show evidence of @entity146 and @entity23 , behavioral patterns that are also associated with reduced @entity750 function. They also show reduced or absent locomotor stimulation to some serotoninergic drugs, indicating that the locomotor effects of these drugs require the @entity36767 . However, in some cases, data obtained with knockout @entity19 conflicts with the pharmacological data. The @entity36767 knockout @entity19 show a phenotype of increased vulnerability to drugs of abuse such as @entity2072 . However, pharmacological studies suggest that @entity36767 stimulation enhances the effects of @entity2072 , while @entity36767 blockade can attenuate some of the effects of @entity2072 . Compensations that enhance @entity935 function appear to be responsible for the drug-vulnerable phenotype of @entity36767 knockout @entity19 . By studying these compensations and changes in neural function, we can learn more about the fundamental mechanisms underlying addiction. The @entity36767 knockout @entity19 should be considered a model for the disease state of vulnerability to drugs of abuse, rather than a direct pharmacological model of @entity36767 function.

title: XXXX receptor knockout @entity19 : pharmacological tools or models of @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['increased aggression', 'neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-HT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of the voiding diary in the management of @entity1 with @entity2336 syndrome for predicting the presence or absence of @entity854 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From November 2009 to March 2011, 54 consecutive @entity1 (39 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ) with @entity2336 syndrome, as defined by the European Society for the Study of Interstitial @entity2335 / @entity2336 (ESSIC) criteria, were prospectively enrolled in this two-centre study. All @entity1 completed a home voiding diary on 3 consecutive days, which included analysis of voiding frequency, voided volume and severity of pre- and post-voiding @entity158 . The variables were evaluated on a @entity158 ( @entity158 ). All @entity1 then underwent standardized cystoscopy under anaesthesia. @entity1 were stratified into two groups: a group with or a group without @entity854 . Voiding diary variables were compared using Student's t-test. RESULTS: @entity854 were found in 33 @entity1 . The group of @entity1 with @entity854 had significantly more severe frequency (P = 0.034), especially nocturnal frequency (P = 0.009), a significantly lower mean voiding volume and lower sd from the mean (P = 0.011 and P = 0.014), and a significantly lower mean post-voiding @entity158 score (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION: On analysis of the voiding diaries, we found that different @entity1 profiles were associated with the cystoscopic appearance of the bladder. A clinical voiding score was proposed to predict the cystoscopic appearance of the bladder on the basis of the voiding diary in @entity2336 syndrome but needs to be validated on an independent population.

title: Validation of voiding diary for stratification of XXXX syndrome according to the presence/absence of @entity854 : a two-centre prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder Pain Syndrome', 'bladder pain']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cystoscopic abnormalities', 'Cystoscopic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['NPS', 'pain', 'numeric pain scale']

answer: @entity2336 :: (MESH:D018856,Disease) :: ['bladder pain']


abstract: The authors endeavor to highlight the surgical management of severe @entity51 resulting from cement leakage after percutaneous vertebroplasty and to systematically review the literature on the management of this complication. A @entity1 presented after a vertebroplasty procedure for @entity130 . A CT scan showed polymethylmethacrylate leakage into the right foramina at T-11 and @entity5022 and associated central stenosis at @entity5022 . He underwent decompression and fusion for removal of cement and stabilization of the @entity174 segment. In the authors' systematic review, they searched Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases to determine the overall number of reported cases of @entity51 after cement leakage, and they collected data on symptom onset, clinical presentation, surgical management, and outcome. After surgery, despite neurological recovery postoperatively, the @entity1 developed @entity55 and died 16 days after surgery. The literature review showed 21 cases of cement extravasation with @entity51 . Ultimately, 15 @entity1 had resolution of the postoperative deficit, 5 had limited change in neurological status, and 2 had no improvement. Cement augmentation procedures are relatively safe, but certain precautions should be taken to avoid such complications including high-resolution biplanar fluoroscopy, considering the use of a local anesthetic, and controlling the location of cement spread in relationship to the posterior vertebral body. Immediate surgical intervention with removal of cement provides good results with complete recovery in most cases.

title: XXXX due to cement extravasation following a vertebral augmentation procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['Neurological deficit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity73 as revealed by neuropsychological testing occurs in a substantial number of @entity1 following carotid endarterectomy (CEA), there is controversy about whether this finding is a result of the surgery or the anesthesia. OBJECTIVES: To examine the changes in neuropsychological test performance in @entity1 following CEA vs a control group of @entity1 older than 60 years following spine surgery, so as to determine whether @entity409 after CEA is a result of surgery or anesthesia. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing CEA (n = 80) and lumbar spine surgery (n = 25) were assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 30. The neuropsychological performance of @entity1 in the control group was used to normalize performance for @entity1 in the CEA group, by calculating z scores using the mean and SD of the change scores in the control group. Significant @entity73 was defined as performance that exceeded 2 SDs above the mean performance of @entity1 in the control group. RESULTS: Postoperative days 1 and 30 total deficit scores were significantly worse in the CEA group compared with the controls. When individual test results were examined, the CEA group performed significantly worse than the controls on the Rey Complex Figure test and Halstead-Reitan Trails B on day 1, and on the Rey Complex Figure on day 30. Overall, @entity73 was seen in 22 @entity1 (28%) in the CEA group on day 1 and in 11 (23%) of 48 @entity1 on day 30. CONCLUSIONS: Subtle @entity73 following CEA occurs and persists for at least several weeks after surgery. This decline was absent in a control group.

title: A controlled prospective study of XXXX following carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'subtle cognitive injury', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological dysfunction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['neuropsychological dysfunction']


abstract: White @entity19 were infected with two strains, @entity36698 and NK 65, of @entity2637 . The parasites were subjected to @entity503 pressure (60 mg/kg at each passage) during 20 passages. We then compared the behaviour of the strains as they acquired chemoresistance. The drug resistance was estimated by the 2% delay time test (D2%), and the schizogonic rhythm by the synchronicity index (SI). Before drug pressure, the @entity36698 strain had a D2% of 4.34, and a SI of 0.2. This strain became highly drug resistant, but synchronicity increased: the D2% was 2.93, and the SI was 0.36 at the 20th passage. The NK 65 strain had an initial D2% of 4.12, and an SI of 0.2. The chemoresistance acquired during 20 passages was very irregular for this strain: after drug pressure, the D2% was 2.03 and the SI was 0.28. Drug pressure was then removed (for both strains), for 10 passages (no @entity503 ). Resistance and synchronicity returned to their initial values. The two strains behaved very differently, in terms of their affinity for reticulocytes, and with @entity503 activity which favours an increase in SI because only merozoites are preserved.

title: Changes in schizogony and drug response in two lines of rodent XXXX , @entity2637 NK 65 and @entity36698 .

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity36698 :: (5823,Species) :: ['Plasmodium']


abstract: @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) is secreted from cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain to regions throughout the cerebral cortex, including the primary visual cortex (V1), and influences neuronal activities across all six layers via a form of diffuse extrasynaptic modulation termed volume transmission. To understand this effect in V1, we performed extracellular multi-point recordings of neuronal responses to drifting sinusoidal grating stimuli from the cortical layers of V1 in anesthetized @entity35 and examined the modulatory effects of topically administered @entity1617 . @entity1617 facilitated or suppressed the visual responses of individual cells with a laminar bias: response suppression prevailed in layers 2/3, whereas response facilitation prevailed in layer 5. @entity1617 effects on the stimulus contrast-response function showed that @entity1617 changes the response gain upward or downward in facilitated or suppressed cells, respectively. Next, @entity1617 effects on the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and the grating-phase information were tested. The grating-phase information was calculated as the F1/F0 ratio, which represents the amount of temporal response modulation at the fundamental frequency (F1) of a drifting grating relative to the mean evoked response (F0). In facilitated cells, @entity1617 improved the S/N ratio, while in suppressed cells it enhanced the F1/F0 ratio without any concurrent reduction in the S/N ratio. These effects were predominantly observed in regular-spiking cells, but not in fast-spiking cells. Electrophysiological and histological findings suggest that @entity1617 promotes the signaling of grating-phase information to higher-order areas by a suppressive effect on supragranular layers and enhances feedback signals with a high S/N ratio to subcortical areas by a facilitatory effect on infragranular layers. Thus, @entity1617 distinctly and finely controls visual information processing in a manner that is specific for the modulation and cell type and is also laminar dependent.

title: Modulation-specific and laminar-dependent effects of XXXX on visual responses in the @entity35 primary visual cortex.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The distal insertion of right atriofascicular pathways remains a source of debate. Moreover, there are various morphologies of preexcited QRS complexes involving atriofascicular pathways that have been poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the distal insertion of atriofascicular accessory pathways and to provide a mechanism for the change in QRS morphology observed between short and long ventriculo-His (V-H) antidromic @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ) in the same @entity1 . METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with atriofascicular pathways and preexcited AVRT with short V-H and long V-H intervals were studied. For each @entity1 , the @entity591 cycle length, V-H interval, QRS width, and @entity2270 were compared. A baseline His-ventricular interval was also recorded. RESULTS: The baseline His-ventricular interval was significantly longer than the V-H interval during antidromic AVRT (median 50 ms vs. 10 ms; P < .0001). Retrograde @entity714 increased the V-H interval (median 10 ms vs. 85 ms; P < .0001), the @entity591 cycle length (median of 302.5 ms vs. 350 ms; P < .0001), and the QRS width (median 120 ms vs. 140 ms; P < .0002). At least subtle changes in QRS morphology, @entity2270 , or QRS width were seen in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The distal insertion of right atriofascicular pathways fuses with the right bundle branch. The various QRS morphologies seen during the change from short V-H to long V-H antidromic AVRT can be explained by fusion, particularly over the left anterior fascicle.

title: Characterization of the distal insertion of atriofascicular accessory pathways and mechanisms of QRS patterns in atriofascicular antidromic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias', 'AVRTs']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: Background. To comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) combined with @entity4562 / @entity3866 for treatment of brain metastases (BM) from @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Methods. Databases including PubMed, EMBASE.com, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 12, 2015. Studies on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control trials comparing WBRT combined with @entity4562 / @entity3866 versus WBRT alone for BM from @entity1149 were included. Literature selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by two trained reviewers. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze data. Results. A total of 7 trials involving 622 @entity1 were included. Compared with WBRT alone or WBRT plus chemotherapy, WBRT plus @entity4562 / @entity3866 could significantly improve response rate (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.35-3.47; P = 0.001), remission rate of central nervous system (OR = 6.06, 95% CI: 2.57-14.29; P < 0.0001), disease control rate (OR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.84-6.07; P < 0.0001), overall survival (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58-0.89; P = 0.002), and 1-year survival rate (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.51-3.91; P = 0.0002). In adverse events (III-IV), statistically significant differences were not found, except for @entity1910 (OR = 7.96, 95% CI: 2.02-31.34; P = 0.003) and myelosuppression (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07-0.51; P = 0.0010). Conclusions. WBRT plus @entity4562 / @entity3866 was superior to WBRT alone and well tolerated in @entity1 with BM from @entity1149 .

title: Combining Whole-Brain Radiotherapy with XXXX / @entity3866 for Brain Metastases from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['Gefitinib']


abstract: The sensitivity and specificity of MDCT for depiction and localization of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) was determined retrospectively. Axial and coronal four-row MDCT of the urinary tract (unenhanced, contrast-enhanced nephrographic, CT urography) was independently reviewed for @entity189 by a radiologist (R1) and a urologist (R2), without other @entity1 information, in 27 @entity1 (22 male, five female; age, 72 +/- 11 years) with previous @entity189 and/or painless macroscopic haematuria. Urinary tract segments included bladder, right and left upper, middle, and lower caliceal groups, @entity8 , upper, middle, and lower ureter. MDCT findings were corroborated by surgery, other invasive procedures, and 1-year follow-up, including MDCT, intravenous urography, and cystoscopy. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was undertaken and the the area under the curve (AUC) calculated. Eighteen of 27 @entity1 had evidence of @entity189 (pTa, n = 3; @entity2558 - @entity1803 , n = 15; TNM 2002). Tumor was correctly located by both R1 and R2 in 17 @entity1 (sensitivity, 94%; 95% confidence interval, 84-100%) and ruled out in seven (specificity, 78%; 95% confidence interval, 51-100%), with complete agreement. Each detected ten of 11 upper urinary tracts affected by @entity189 . For 35 urinary tract segments with @entity189 and 308 without, the AUC was 0.910 +/- 0.035 (R1) and 0.74 +/- 0.055 (R2), z = 2.4772, Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.022. MDCT depicts urinary tracts affected by @entity189 with high sensitivity and substantial agreement between readers with different training.

title: Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) in XXXX with a history of previous urothelial cancer or painless macroscopic haematuria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvis, uretero-pelvic junction']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'UC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soluble @entity7403 (sCD200) is a novel immuno-effective molecule, which acts to regulate inflammatory and acquired immune responses. Recently, our study group showed that sCD200 was present in serum and blister fluid in a @entity1 with bullous pemphigoid and a @entity1 with @entity137 . We therefore planned this study to evaluate the sCD200 levels of autoimmune and @entity272 @entity1 and to compare them with that of healthy controls. MATERIAL/METHODS: Our study included 30 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1569 , 15 with @entity7271 , and 15 healthy controls. Clinical examination and laboratory tests were performed on the same day. @entity1569 @entity1 were also assessed with the @entity1569 Area and Severity Index (PASI) and @entity7271 @entity1 were assessed using the @entity66 Area Index (PDAI). Levels of sCD200 in the serum samples were quantified using ELISA kits. RESULTS: The serum sCD200 level was observed to be statistically significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1569 (96.7  15.8) compared to @entity1 with @entity7271 (76.2  14.6), (p<0.001) and healthy controls (26.8  7.0) (p<0.001). The serum sCD200 levels were observed to be statistically significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity7271 compared with that in healthy controls (p<0.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between serum sCD200 levels and PDAI (r=0.987, p=0.001). Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant correlation between serum sCD200 levels and PASI (r=0.154, p=0.407). CONCLUSIONS: sCD200 might play a role in immune response in the pathogenesis of @entity272 . However, it remains to be fully elucidated how sCD200 can orchestrate inflammatory response in @entity1569 and @entity7271 .

title: There might be a role for @entity7403 in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['Psoriasis', 'psoriasis', 'psoriasis vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris', 'pemphigus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Pemphigus Disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune and inflammatory skin disorders', 'inflammatory skin disorder']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['autoimmune and inflammatory skin disorders']


abstract: Ovarian @entity11597 (OSCSTs) are a heterogeneous group of @entity5 that develop from the gonadal non-germ-cell component. Despite recent advances in the clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of OSCSTs, a high degree of uncertainty remains with regard to adequate therapy, particularly in @entity1 presenting with microscopic or macroscopic @entity5 spread. We review the currently available data on the biology and histology of OSCST in @entity1 and adolescents. In addition, we summarize the data from our clinical, histopathologic and genetic analyses of @entity1 that were prospectively reported to the German MAKEI protocols for treatment of nontesticular @entity2971 . Among these @entity1 , juvenile @entity722 (JGCTs) constitute the most frequent histologic subtype, followed by @entity10693 ( @entity10693 ) and sclerosing @entity5 . @entity1 with JGCT and SLCT show greater mitotic activity than do all those with other histologic types. Furthermore, high mitotic activity is associated with adverse outcome. In addition, prognosis correlates with @entity5 stage according to the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Nevertheless, we observed a favorable response to @entity900 -based chemotherapy in the majority of @entity5 . For the whole cohort of 62 @entity1 , event-free survival was 0.87 +/- 0.05 months and overall survival 0.88 +/- 0.05. Genetic analysis of 27 @entity5 available for comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed normal profiles in the majority of @entity5 and whole @entity1017 , such as a gain of 12 in single @entity5 , with no consistent pattern with regard to histology or clinical outcome. This analysis confirmed that most OSCSTs present at a low @entity5 stage and that prognosis in these @entity1 is excellent. Most important, @entity1 at high risk can be identified through clinical and histopathologic analysis, and the majority can be treated successfully with adjuvant @entity900 -based chemotherapy. Based on this analysis, a prospective study on OSCST in @entity1 and adolescents began recruiting cases in 2005.

title: Ovarian @entity11597 in XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10693 :: ('MESH:D018310', 'Disease') :: ['Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors', 'SLCTs']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['granulosa cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage II and III tumors', 'stromal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal gain']

entities_list: @entity11597 :: ('MESH:D018312', 'Disease') :: ['sex cord-stromal tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity1 younger than 1 year of age are unique in their physiology and comorbidities. Reports in the literature suggest that the risk factors for @entity281 may be different in this population compared with older @entity1 . Importantly, these @entity1 often have other @entity600 requiring various surgical interventions, which impose an additional risk of @entity281 . METHODS: In the 3-year period between 2008 and 2010, 270 @entity1 underwent initial CSF shunt placement during the 1st year of life. Clinical characteristics, hospital course, and shunt infections were prospectively recorded in the practice and hospital electronic medical record. Special attention was given to types and timing of other invasive procedures and their relationship with @entity281 . RESULTS: The average gestational age was 33.6 weeks, and the average birth weight was 2333 g. The average weight at the time of shunt insertion was 4281 g. Prior to shunt insertion, 120 @entity1 underwent 148 surgical procedures, including ventricular access device insertion (n = 63), myelomeningocele closure (n = 37), and cardiac procedures (n = 11), among others. In the 12-month period after shunt insertion, 121 of the 270 @entity1 underwent 135 surgical procedures, which included 79 CSF shunt revisions. @entity281 occurred in 22 @entity1 , and organisms were identified in 20 cases. Univariate analysis showed that of the very prematurely born @entity1 (gestational age < 30 weeks), those who underwent preshunt cardiac surgery and any surgical procedures within 30 days after the shunt insertion were at a greater risk of @entity281 . In multivariate analysis, preshunt cardiac surgery and surgical procedures within 30 days postshunt placement were significant risk factors independent of gestational age, birth weight, and history of shunt revisions. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that surgical procedures within 30 days after shunt insertion and preshunt cardiac surgery are associated with a greater risk of @entity281 in @entity1 in whom these devices were inserted during the 1st year of life.

title: XXXX in the first year of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Shunt infection', 'shunt infection']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Shunt infection']


abstract: Brachytherapy and external irradiation combined are an alternative to surgery in the treatment of advanced @entity418 . Endosonography has proved to be an accurate method of staging the depth of @entity5 invasion of @entity418 . Sixty-three @entity1 with inoperable @entity418 underwent endosonography followed by combined brachytherapy and external irradiation. Staging was incomplete in 31 of 63 @entity1 because of tight @entity850 or difficulty in imaging celiac lymph nodes. During follow-up of 23 @entity1 , @entity5 thickness and @entity1600 was observed in 16. The median survival was 10.4 months. Survival time was correlated with initial number of metastatic lymph nodes found by endosonography. Paradoxically, the survival of @entity1 with more extensive @entity5 growth was significantly better than survival of those with less @entity5 growth. In summary, the response to combined brachytherapy and external irradiation could accurately be assessed with endosonography. @entity1600 and @entity5 thickness were closely related to survival rate.

title: Staging and prognosis using endosonography in XXXX with inoperable @entity418 treated with combined intraluminal and external irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'reduction of tumor', 'intra-luminal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node abnormalities', 'Lymph node abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The restriction of dietary @entity1372 intake is known to depress the cardiovascular responses to @entity1808 and increase the sensitivity of the adrenal zona glomerulosa to this steroidogenic octapeptide. In @entity1372 -repleted animals, angiotensin III is a weak pressor substance and a potent stimulant of @entity1369 biosynthesis. The effect of a low @entity1372 diet on vascular and steroidogenic responses to @entity1808 was investigated. In nephrectomized @entity35 , angiotensin III had one-third of the pressor activity relative to @entity1808 when either normal or @entity1372 -deprived animals were compared. When administered subcutaneously (sc) to @entity35 , @entity1808 and III induced comparable steroidogenic responses, whereas only @entity1808 significantly elevated blood pressure. The comparison of cell suspensions from control adrenals with suspensions of adrenals from @entity1372 -deprived animals showed that the zona glomerulosa from @entity35 on low @entity1372 diets had increased wet weight (20%), cell protein (25%), and basal steroidogenic @entity35 (45%). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-induced responses in adrenal cells from low @entity1372 animals were about twice the responses of cells from normal adrenals. @entity1808 and III stimulated the cortex at a threshold concentration of 5 X 10(-10) M and induced a maximum response at about 5 X 10(-8) M in cells prepared from normal @entity35 adrenals. In cells dispersed from adrenal capsules of @entity1372 -deprived @entity35 , the maximal steroidogenic response to @entity1808 occurred at 3 X 10(-8) M, whereas @entity48326 was maximal at 1 X 10(-9) M. @entity1369 synthesis induced by both peptides was increased approximately 45% in adrenal cells from low salt @entity35 . At 0.9 mumol/kg, sc, Sar-1, Ile-8- @entity1808 antagonized cardiovascular responses to @entity1808 and did not alter @entity1369 in the @entity1372 -deprived @entity35 . In contrast, treatment with Ile-7-angiotensin III blocked the adrenal cortex but not the vascular actions of @entity1808 . These data are consistent with a role for angiotensin III in the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 response to @entity1372 deprivation.

title: Changes in cardiovascular and adrenal cortical responses to angiotensin III induced by @entity1372 deprivation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity48326 :: ('MESH:D000805', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin III']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1808 :: ('24179(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II and angiotensin III', 'Angiotensin II', 'angiotensin II']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Gene expression analysis after the host-pathogen interaction is revolutionizing our understanding of the host response to infection. Numerous studies have utilized microarray analysis to follow host cell transcriptome alterations in response to interactions with infectious pathogens. However, similar analyses of pathogen transcriptional adaptation at the infection site have been limited. Understanding the nature of this interaction from the pathogen perspective at different sites and stages of infection is central to strategies for development of new anti-infective therapies. Toward this end, we developed a protocol to analyze changes in gene expression for a eukaryotic pathogen, @entity5132 , during @entity281 in @entity19 . The experimental approach takes advantage of the resistance of the cell wall of many fungal pathogens to cell lysis, relative to @entity1 cells. After lysis of @entity1 cells, the tissue mixture containing fungal cells is depleted of @entity1 RNA by centrifugation, followed by enzymatic digestion. RNA-digesting enzymes are then inhibited before eukaryotic cell lysis and RNA isolation. The protocol provides a reproducible quantity of RNA based on pathogen cell number. The quality of the RNA allowed reliable downstream transcriptional analysis using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and microarrays. The in vivo gene expression data confirmed involvement of several putative pathogenesis genes. More importantly, the results provided a wealth of biologically interesting hypotheses to direct future investigation.

title: A simple approach for estimating gene expression in XXXX directly from a @entity281 site.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: @entity6962 is defined as a malignant @entity5 that is composed of both @entity3038 . The occurrence of @entity6962 in the bone is extremely rare. In this report, we describe the third documented de novo case of @entity6962 of the bone. A 59-year-old Japanese female presented with a painful @entity5 in her right lower leg. Plane radiography revealed an @entity690 with periosteal reaction and mineralization in the right fibula. Resection of the fibula @entity5 was performed under a clinical diagnosis of @entity511 . Histopathological study revealed that the @entity5 was comprised of three components. The main component was proliferation of small round to short spindle cells (approximately 50%), and the remaining components were @entity511 (30%) and @entity957 (20%). Immunohistochemically, @entity1935 was expressed in the small round to spindle cells and @entity511 component, and @entity4206 and @entity4666 were expressed in all three components. Accordingly, an ultimate diagnosis of @entity6962 of the bone was made. The clinicopathological analysis of @entity6962 of the bone revealed that this type of @entity5 affects the middle-aged to elderly @entity1 and occurs in the long bone. All three de novo cases had @entity957 components. One of the 3 @entity1 died of the disease. The histogenesis of @entity6962 of the bone remains a matter of controversy, although a multpotential stem cell theory has been proposed. Additional studies are required to clarify the clinical behavior and histogenesis of @entity6962 of the bone.

title: Primary bone carcinosarcoma of the fibula with XXXX components.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous and sarcomatous components']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'chondrosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic destructive lesion']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma', 'Carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors report on a retrospective analysis of the imaging and clinical outcomes following gamma surgery in 100 @entity1 with nonsecretory @entity4611 . METHODS: Between June 1989 and March 2004, 100 consecutive @entity1 with nonsecretory @entity4611 were treated at the Lars Leksell Center for Gamma Surgery, University of Virginia Health System (Charlottesville, VA). Ninety-two @entity1 had residual or recurrent macroadenoma following one or more surgical procedures. In eight @entity1 , gamma surgery was the primary treatment. Ten @entity1 received conventional fractionated radiotherapy before the gamma surgery. Sixty-nine @entity1 required hormone replacement therapy for one or more deficits before gamma knife treatment. Peripheral doses between 5 and 25 Gy (mean 18.5 Gy) were administered. Imaging and endocrinological follow-up evaluations were performed in 90 @entity1 ; these studies ranged from 6 to 142 months (mean 44.9 months) and 6 to 127 months (mean 47.9 months), respectively. @entity5 volume decreased in 59 @entity1 (65.6%), remained unchanged in 24 (26.7%), and increased in seven (7.8%). The minimal effective peripheral dose was 12 Gy; peripheral doses greater than 20 Gy did not seem to provide additional benefit. Of 61 @entity1 with a partially or fully functioning pituitary gland and follow-up data, 12 (19.7%) suffered new @entity51 following gamma surgery. In @entity1 with endocrinological follow-up data that had been collected over more than 2 years, the rate of new deficits was 25%. No @entity16 or @entity204 was related to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Current experience suggests that gamma surgery is an appropriate means of managing recurrent or residual nonsecretory @entity4611 following microsurgery and a primary treatment in selected @entity1 . To evaluate definite rates of recurrence and new @entity4903 , long-term follow-up studies are needed.

title: Gamma surgery in the treatment of nonsecretory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['hormone deficits']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine deficiencies']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['pituitary macroadenoma']


abstract: Few studies have reported a series of @entity1 who have undergone portocaval hemitransposition at the time of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Furthermore, no series report the outcome of @entity4806 @entity1 who required the procedure. This work analyzes the experience with portocaval hemitransposition in the @entity4806 liver transplant population at a single center since the initial description of the procedure. We carried out a retrospective analysis of all @entity4806 liver transplants performed in our institution during the 8-year period from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2004. Of 320 @entity4806 @entity1 who received OLT during the study period, 7 underwent portocaval hemitransposition (2.2%). Five of the @entity1 had @entity2876 . Four grafts were whole cadaveric livers, while the remaining 4 were left lateral segments from either in situ cadaveric split (n = 3) or living donation (n = 1). One @entity1 received a whole cadaveric allograft and was retransplanted with a segment 2/3 graft; in both cases portocaval hemitransposition was utilized. Average warm @entity63 time was 54 +/- 16 minutes. Three @entity1 had primary nonfunction of the allograft; 2 were retransplanted with successful outcome, and the remaining @entity1 died before retransplantation. Another @entity1 died from recurrent disease. Four of 7 are long-term survivors and demonstrate good liver function as long as 8 years posttransplant. In conclusions, long-term survival is possible following OLT with portocaval hemitransposition in @entity4806 @entity1 . However, rates of primary graft nonfunction can be high. Appropriate selection of recipient and type of donor graft are essential for good outcomes. Portocaval hemitransposition should be used cautiously and as a last resort to establish portovenous inflow.

title: Portocaval hemitransposition in XXXX liver transplant recipients: a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

answer: @entity4806 :: (MESH:D063766,Disease) :: ['pediatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of rapid-turnaround HbA1c results on providers' clinical decision-making and on follow-up HbA1c levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The research design was a randomized clinical trial in which rapid HbA1c results were made available to providers on even days of the month (rapid, n = 575), but delayed by 24 h on odd days (conventional, n = 563). Adjustment of therapy for @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 was considered appropriate if therapy was intensified for @entity4051 c values >7% or not intensified for @entity4051 c values < or =7%. A post-hoc analysis was also performed using @entity1 (n = 574) who returned for follow-up 2-7 months later to ascertain the effect of rapid HbA1c availability on subsequent glycemic control. RESULTS: Rapid @entity4051 c availability resulted in more appropriate management compared with conventional HbA1c availability (79 vs. 71%, P = 0.003). This difference was due mainly to less frequent intensification when HbA1c levels were < or =7% (10 vs. 22%, P < 0.0001) and slightly to more frequent intensification for @entity1 with @entity4051 c values >7% (67 vs. 63%, P = 0.33). For both groups, intensification was greatest for @entity1 on insulin (51%) compared with @entity1 on oral agents (35%) and diet alone (14%) (P < 0.0001). Regression analysis confirmed that providers receiving conventional HbA1c results were more likely to intensify therapy in @entity1 who already had HbA1c levels < or =7%. Over 2-7 months of follow-up, HbA1c rose more in @entity1 with conventional HbA1c results compared with rapid results (0.8 vs. 0.4%, P = 0.02). In @entity1 with initial HbA1c >7%, rapid HbA1c results had a favorable impact on follow-up @entity4051 c independent of the decision to intensify therapy (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Availability of rapid HbA1c determinations appears to facilitate @entity6 management. The more favorable follow-up HbA1c profile in the rapid HbA1c group occurs independently of the decision to intensify therapy, suggesting the involvement of other factors such as enhanced provider and/or @entity1 motivation.

title: XXXX in urban African-Americans. XVII. Availability of rapid HbA1c measurements enhances clinical decision-making.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of commonly used forms of eye prophylaxis for newborns with no prophylaxis in the prevention of @entity2024 . DESIGN: Randomized doubly masked clinical trial. SETTING: University of Washington Hospital and affiliated clinics, Seattle, between 1985 and 1990. SUBJECTS: The medical records of 8499 @entity1 were evaluated for possible participation; 2577 were eligible. Of the 758 enrolled, the @entity1 of 630 were evaluable. INTERVENTION: Comparison of @entity7292 , @entity2929 , and no eye prophylaxis given at birth for the prevention of @entity2024 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity2024 during the first 60 days of life and nasolacrimal duct patency in the first 2 days of life. RESULTS: The frequency of impatent tear ducts at the 30- to 48-hour examination did not differ significantly by prophylaxis group. Among the 630 @entity1 randomized and observed, 109 (17%) developed mild @entity2024 . Sixty-nine (63%) of the cases appeared during the first 2 weeks of life. After 2 months of observation, @entity1 allocated to @entity7292 eye prophylaxis at birth had a 39% lower rate of @entity2024 (hazard ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.39 to 0.97), and those allocated to @entity2929 had a 31% lower rate of @entity2024 (hazard ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval = 0.44 to 1.07), than did those allocated to no prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: @entity7292 eye prophylaxis caused no sustained deleterious effects and even provided some benefit to @entity1 born to @entity1 without @entity6368 . However, the effect was modest and against microorganisms of low virulence. The results suggest that parental choice of a prophylaxis agent including no prophylaxis is reasonable for @entity1 receiving prenatal care and who are screened for @entity2953 during pregnancy.

title: Randomized trial of @entity7292 , XXXX , and no eye prophylaxis for the prevention of @entity2024 among newborns not at risk for gonococcal ophthalmitis. Eye Prophylaxis Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['Silver nitrate', 'silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['nongonococcal conjunctivitis', 'conjunctivitis', 'Conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity2929 :: (MESH:D004917,Chemical) :: ['erythromycin']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 with stage II and IIIA @entity2530 treated with vascular pedicle implantation and bone grafting were reviewed to determine the long term efficacy of the procedure. Eight wrists had a negative ulnar variance and three wrists had a neutral ulnar variance. The procedure involved implanting the second dorsal metacarpal artery and its venae commitantes into a hole made in the lunate through a dorsal approach. Cancellous bone graft from the dorsal aspect of the distal radius was loosely packed in the hole to secure the pedicle. Follow-up was from 37 to 140 months with an average of six years. Nine @entity1 had significant long term @entity158 relief, improved function, and required no additional procedures. In two @entity1 , continued @entity158 necessitated proximal row carpectomy at two and 4.5 years postoperatively. Ten of the eleven @entity1 had no worsening of their radiographic staging, but in no @entity1 was the architecture of the lunate restored. There were no complications. The results are promising enough to recommend consideration of this procedure in the early stages of @entity2530 in @entity1 with a neutral or negative ulnar variance.

title: XXXX : treatment by implantation of vascular pedicle and bone grafting.

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ["Kienbock's disease"]

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['Kienbock's disease']


abstract: @entity1204 is associated with enhanced cell proliferation due to high concentrations of @entity172 , and decreased cell differentiation due to low levels of @entity1420 and @entity1968 . It is also associated with aberrant inflammatory responses and concomitant increased production of @entity2918 . The @entity1 members of the aldo-keto reductase 1B (AKR1B) subfamily, @entity31413 and @entity38796 , have roles in these processes and can thus be implicated in @entity1204 . To date, there have been no reports on the expression of @entity31413 in @entity1204 , while @entity38796 has only been studied at the cellular level. To evaluate the roles of these AKR1B enzymes, we investigated expression of @entity31413 and @entity38796 in 47 paired samples of cancerous and adjacent control endometrium at the mRNA and protein levels, by quantitative PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining. There were significantly lower mRNA and protein levels of @entity31413 in cancerous tissues compared to adjacent endometrium. The gene expression of @entity38796 at the mRNA level was significantly increased, while there were significantly decreased protein levels. Immunohistochemistry revealed that both of these enzymes were present in all of the samples, and are located in epithelial cells of cancerous and control endometrial glands. Elevated levels in adjacent non-cancerous tissues imply that these enzymes are more important in the initiation of @entity1204 than in its progression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the expression of @entity31413 and @entity38796 in @entity1204 . Further studies are needed to define the precise roles of these enzymes in the pathogenesis of @entity1204 .

title: Decreased levels of @entity31413 and XXXX in cancerous endometrium compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissue.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'Endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity38796 :: (57016,Gene) :: ['AKR1B10']


abstract: In deep-frozen and lyophilized cryoprecipitates and dextran precipitates it was analyzed by the TRCHII and the @entity12497 , whether these factor VIII concentrates contain @entity2002 fission products effecting as inhibitors of the coagulation of blood and how they act during storage for 200 days. Simultaneously the parameters total protein, @entity2002 , fibrin monomers, plasminogen and factor VIII activity were always determined. In all preparations being tested @entity2002 fission products could be detected. Lyophilized cryoprecipitates showed the highest average values with 7.97 microgram/ml (TRCHII) resp. 18.31 microgram/ml ( @entity12497 ). They were followed by deep-frozen cryoprecipitates with 6.93 microgram/ml (TRCHII) resp. 7.54 microgram/ml ( @entity12497 ). Deep-frozen dextran precipitates free of heparin contained the fewest fission products (TRCHII: 0.36 microgram/ml; @entity12497 : 3.13 microgram/ml). At the beginning of the storage only few fission products were found in all groups of preparates. A predominantly clear rise with forming a peak after about 115 to 145 days and a drop following happened with extended storage period. This course of storage of the quantities of fission products shows that the @entity2002 fission products arise during storage.

title: [Occurrence and behavior of fibrin XXXX degradation products in concentrates of factor VIII, cryoprecipitate and dextran precipitate during long-term preservation].

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: During application of a distal coronary bypass connector, we employed 13 MHz epicardial ultrasound to evaluate quantitative caliper measurements for vessel size matching and to assess @entity254 quality after connector deployment. METHODS: Two S(2) @entity5427 connector anastomoses were constructed on ex vivo pressure-perfused porcine hearts. Epicardial ultrasound measurements of the connector ring and @entity254 were compared to intravascular ultrasound measurement and cast dimensions. In 21 @entity1707 , anastomotic sites with internal diameter of 2.25-3.0mm (internal mammary artery, IMA) and 1.8-2.2mm (left anterior descending coronary artery, LAD) were selected using external caliper and epicardial ultrasound measurements. Anastomoses were visualized and assessed intraoperatively (beating heart, n=21) and at 3 and 6 months' follow-up (explanted heart, n=10 each). RESULTS: Epicardial ultrasound underestimated connector dimension by < or =5% versus intravascular ultrasound and deviated < or =13% from cast dimensions for other anastomotic measurements. Caliper estimates of internal IMA and LAD diameter differed from ultrasound by -3+/-6% and -2+/-7% (mean+/-SD), respectively. Intraoperatively, the anastomotic orifice was flawless in all animals. It remained fully patent at 3 and 6 months by ultrasound, which was confirmed by histology. The connector to LAD percentage diameter stenosis changed from -12+/-5% intraoperatively to -1+/-7% at 3 months and from -5+/-6% intraoperatively to -16+/-13% at 6 months, in the growing @entity1707 model. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity1707 , external caliper measurements provided a reliable quantitative estimate of inner graft and coronary diameter for connector size matching. Epicardial 13 MHz ultrasound is a promising method to assess coronary @entity254 quality even when connector metal is present.

title: Quality assessment of distal S(2) XXXX connector @entity254 by 13 MHz epicardial ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity5427 :: (MESH:D017204,Disease) :: ['AS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is one of the most frequently encountered @entity5 in pregnancy. For early-stage disease arising in late second/third trimester, treatment may be delayed until delivery. However, in @entity1442 , data are lacking. CASE: A 26-year-old @entity1 presented at 21 weeks gestation with a stage IIB high-grade @entity1358 . At 25 + 1 weeks gestation, @entity900 100 mg/m(2) every 21 days was commenced. One month after cycle 3, a healthy @entity1 was delivered. Thereafter, further @entity900 , intracavity @entity5166 , and chemoradiation were administered. Findings from subsequent clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging were normal. Fifteen months post treatment, both @entity1 and baby remain well. CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant @entity900 chemotherapy can be used in stage @entity2622 during pregnancy to allow fetal development and prevent disease progression before delivery.

title: The use of @entity900 to treat @entity5 during pregnancy allows fetal development and prevents XXXX progression: report of a case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['IIB cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell cervical carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Of 470 Gram-negative facultative anaerobes isolated from cases of @entity291 @entity1271 in England and Wales, 422 were identified as @entity526 . The characteristics of 237 of these were investigated. @entity840 red cell haemagglutinins were possessed by 86% of strains and 12% were resistant to @entity3913 . None of the strains tested invaded Vero cells. Haemolysin, Vero toxin and @entity11765 were produced by 5, 0.5 and 1% of strains, respectively. Twenty-two percent were resistant to one or more antibiotics and 4% to @entity24808 . Transfer ability was possessed by 41% and lysogenic phage by 27% of strains; 62% possessed either one or the other and 12% possessed both. Colicin production was detected in 18% of strains; 5% produced Colicin V. Ninety-nine percent of strains were serum-resistant, while only 6% were able to grow well in bovine serum. A microscopically visible capsule was seen in 75% of strains. All strains possessed at least one of the potential virulence factors or markers studied. Several strains which possessed one characteristic only ( @entity3913 -sensitive haemagglutination or serum resistance), possessed one or more large molecular weight plasmids. None of the strains was particularly virulent for @entity1573 following intramuscular inoculation. Of the strains which possessed one virulence characteristic, only those which were serum-resistant were re-isolated from expressed milk following intramammary inoculation of lactating @entity291 .

title: The virulence characteristics of strains of @entity526 isolated from cases of XXXX @entity1271 in England and Wales.

entities_list: @entity3913 :: ('MESH:D008358', 'Chemical') :: ['D-mannose', 'mannose']

entities_list: @entity24808 :: ('MESH:C009277', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium arsenate']

entities_list: @entity11765 :: ('MESH:D004768', 'Chemical') :: ['enterotoxin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: We studied @entity1184 following transcatheter portal embolization experimentally in @entity235 and clinically under the condition of @entity1448 . METHODOLOGY: Experimental study: Sixteen @entity235 were used for this study. Transcatheter portal embolization was performed in the left lobes (70% of the total liver) using Gelfoam powder in @entity235 with 2-week @entity3883 . Liver weight, liver blood flow and the intracellular @entity855 content of isolated hepatocytes were measured after transcatheter portal embolization. Clinical Study: transcatheter portal embolization of the right portal branch was performed in 13 @entity1 with @entity1125 and 3 @entity1 with @entity157 before (extended) right lobectomy, using Gelfoam powder and @entity556 . Six @entity1 who had a total @entity648 level > 5 mg/dLunderwent a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage before transcatheter portal embolization. Liver function tests, a volumetric study with computed tomography and immunohistochemical staining for profilerating cell nuclear antigen and apoptosis in the resected livers were performed. RESULTS: Experimental study: The weight ratio of the @entity409 , 2 weeks after transcatheter portal embolization in the @entity235 with @entity1087 , was significantly lower than that of the normal @entity235 with transcatheter portal embolization (40.5 +/- 4.5% vs. 47.6 +/- 3.2%), but significantly larger than that of the @entity235 without transcatheter portal embolization. The cellular @entity855 content and tissue blood flow in the embolized lobes were significantly lower than those in the nonembolized lobes in the normal and cholestatic livers. Clinical study: The postoperative course in all @entity1 was uneventful, with no serious complication or @entity409 . Extended right lobectomy with caudate lobectomy was equivalent to 65% before transcatheter portal embolization and to 56% after, transcatheter portal embolization owing to @entity1184 of the left lobe. However, there was no significant difference in liver volume in the @entity1 with or without @entity3883 . Apoptosis was observed in the embolized lobe. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative transcatheter portal embolization with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for the purpose of @entity409 would be useful for treating extended hepatectomy with @entity3883 .

title: Experimental and clinical studies on XXXX following transcatheter portal embolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration', 'liver dysfunction', 'non-embolized lobes to the total liver']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the biliary tract']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver regeneration']


abstract: @entity13757 is an option for @entity281 ( @entity281 ) because it is bactericidal against gram-positive bacteria, including multiple-resistant isolates, and active against stationary-phase bacteria in biofilm present on implants. To evaluate its possible utility, we prospectively monitored 12 adults with gram-positive @entity281 who were not candidates for @entity2176 . Pathogens included @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 (n = 7), @entity3256 -resistant-coagulase-negative Staphylococci (n = 4), and @entity3256 -sensitive @entity794 (n = 1). All @entity1 completed a 6-week course of @entity13757 4 mg/kg/day. One died of an unrelated cause shortly after completing therapy. After a followup of 7 to 13 months, six @entity1 had no clinical, laboratory, or radio-graphic signs of recurrence. One @entity1 failed a first course and was subsequently treated with hardware removal and a second course with no recurrence. Five @entity1 had culture-confirmed failure-all due to @entity794 -including two during therapy despite hardware removal and three 1 to 10 months after completing @entity13757 but with retained hardware. The efficacy of @entity13757 4 mg/kg/day is uncertain in @entity1 with @entity281 , especially when hardware is retained. Further study is needed to determine why in vitro data did not predict clinical success and to ascertain any potential benefit from higher doses.

title: Uncertain efficacy of XXXX for @entity281 : a prospective case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic joint infection', 'PJI']

entities_list: @entity13757 :: ('MESH:D017576', 'Chemical') :: ['Daptomycin', 'daptomycin']

answer: @entity13757 :: (MESH:D017576,Chemical) :: ['daptomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: With the increasing detection of @entity703 (RCNs), the preoperative prediction of histopathology has become increasingly important. Because perirenal fat (PF) is known to be metabolically active, we evaluated PF as a predictor of @entity703 histopathology. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic nephron-sparing procedures for cT(1a) RCN at two institutions. PF was measured using the digital measuring tool function on standard imaging software, at the level of the renal hilum as the perpendicular distance between the posterior surface of the kidney and the external margin of the psoas muscle. The Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression were used to examine PF, selected demographic, clinical, and operative parameters, and their association with @entity5 histopathology. RESULTS: Data from 250 @entity1 were included in this study. There were 157 (63%) @entity1 and 93 (37%) @entity1 with a median body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m(2). Median @entity5 size was 2.4 cm, and the median PF distance was 12 mm. Significant correlations were noted between PF and sex and BMI. No significant correlations were found between PF and the operative parameters. Results of a multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PF (P<0.01), age (P<0.04), and @entity5 location (P<0.04) were significant predictors of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) histopathology. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, PF, location of @entity5 , and age were significant predictors of clear-cell @entity1358 histopathology. The correlation of PF and histopathology may be useful in preoperative decision-making and surgical planning in the management of small RCN.

title: Evaluation of perirenal fat as a predictor of cT 1a renal cortical XXXX histopathology and surgical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'small renal cortical neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasm']


abstract: PURPOSE: In previous studies, ultrasound mediated transdermal drug delivery has shown a promising potential as a method for noninvasive drug administration. For prospective future @entity1 application, this study was designed to determine the feasibility of lightweight cymbal transducer array as a practical device for noninvasive transdermal insulin delivery in large @entity1707 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six Yorkshire @entity1707 (100-140 lbs) were divided into two groups. As the control (n = 3), the first group did not receive any ultrasound exposure with the insulin. The second group (n = 3) was treated with ultrasound and insulin at 20 kHz with an I(sptp) = 100 mW/cm(2) at a 20% duty cycle for 60 min. With the @entity1707 in lateral recumbency after anesthesia, the ultrasound transducer with insulin was placed on the axillary area of the @entity1707 . At the beginning and every 15 min up to 90 min, the blood @entity413 level was determined using a @entity413 monitoring system. To compare the results of individual animals, the change of blood @entity413 level was normalized to each animal's initial @entity413 value at the start of the experiment. RESULTS: Although each animal had a different initial @entity413 level, the mean and standard error for the six animals was 146 +/- 13 mg/dl. For the control group, the blood @entity413 level increased to 31 +/- 21 mg/dl compared to the initial baseline over the 90 min experiment. However for the ultrasound with insulin treated group, the @entity413 level decreased to -72 +/- 5 mg/dl at 60 min (p < 0.05) and continued to decrease to -91 +/- 23 mg/dl in 90 min (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results indicate the feasibility of ultrasound mediated transdermal insulin delivery using the cymbal transducer array in animal with a similar size and weight to a @entity1 . Based on these result, the cymbal array has potential as a practical ultrasound system for noninvasive transdermal insulin delivery for @entity6 management.

title: Ultrasound mediated transdermal insulin delivery in XXXX using a lightweight transducer.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']