abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of @entity4443 (LTs) in the progress of @entity1 's @entity5417 ( @entity5417 ) @entity1310 ( @entity4041 ), and to provide an experimental basis for clinical application of @entity4443 antagonists in treatment of @entity4041 . METHODS: The serum and urine samples were collected from 34 @entity1 with @entity4041 18 of them received renal biopsy, 27 cases with @entity5417 and 16 healthy @entity1 as control. The level of LTB4 in the serum and urine was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and LTE4 in urine in each group by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The extent of expression of @entity21238 was detected by indirect immune fluorescence (IIF) in the renal tissue of 18 @entity4041 cases who received renal needle biopsy. Meanwhile, 3 cases with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and 4 cases with simple @entity811 were enrolled as controls. The results of pathological examination of the 4 cases with simple @entity811 was normal by light microscope or electron microscope. At the same time, total urine protein in 24 hours was determined in 24 @entity4041 @entity1 . RESULT: (1) The level of serum and urinary LTB4 in the @entity1 with @entity4041 was (1164.33 +/- 300.28) ng/L and (841.19 +/- 115.23) ng/L, respectively. The level of serum and urinary LTB4 in those with @entity5417 was (559.60 +/- 180.23) ng/L and (574.42 +/- 101.17) ng/L, respectively. The level of serum and urinary LTB4 in the control group was (211.95 +/- 67.72) ng/L and (227.33 +/- 76.12) ng/L, respectively. There was significant difference in the LTB4 level between @entity4041 group and @entity5417 group (P < 0.01) while there was statistically significant difference in the LTB4 level between @entity4041 group and control group (P < 0.01). The urinary LTE4 was (1252.31 +/- 251.62) ng/L, (805.93 +/- 185.52) ng/L and (149.51 +/- 33.66) ng/L for @entity4041 group, @entity5417 group and control group, respectively, and the differences were significant (P < 0.01). (2) The increase of serum and urinary LTB4 and urinary LTE4 was closely relative to the severity of histopathological changes. (3) Serum and urinary LTB4, urinary LTE4 increased in parallel to the enhancement of urine protein in @entity4041 @entity1 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). (4) Markedly significant difference of @entity21238 by IIF existed between @entity4041 groups and control group. CONCLUSION: LTs can promote the progress of @entity1 's @entity4041 . There is a close relationship between LTs expression in renal tissues, the pathological severity of @entity4041 and @entity644 .

title: [Relationship between @entity4443 and clinical, pathological features of @entity5417 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['thin basement membrane nephropathy', 'TBMN']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity5417 :: ('MESH:D011695', 'Disease') :: ['Henoch-Schoenlein purpura', 'HSP']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIM: Proliferation signal inhibitors (PSI) have demonstrated efficacy in prevention and treatment in an animal model of @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) but there are no data regarding the use of PSI in @entity1 @entity1988 . We report here our experience of using PSI treatment in seven @entity1 with severe proliferative @entity1988 . METHODS: This is a retrospective study on @entity1 with proliferative @entity1988 who had received PSI treatment. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were included. Two @entity1 had concomitant membranous @entity8 . The indications for PSI included mycophenolate mofetil intolerance (n = 4), history of @entity5 (n = 2) and leucopoenia (n = 1). Five @entity1 were given PSI when disease was active. Two had treatment discontinued because of acute @entity2679 and leucopoenia, respectively. In the other three @entity1 combined @entity134 and PSI treatment as induction therapy led to improvements in serology, renal function and @entity644 . In two @entity1 treated with PSI and low-dose @entity134 as maintenance immunosuppression, both maintained stable lupus serology, renal function and @entity644 over 18 months. Side-effects included @entity2299 and @entity9645 . CONCLUSION: Proliferation signal inhibitors warrants further investigation as an alternative immunosuppressive treatment in @entity1988 .

title: Proliferation signal inhibitors in the treatment of XXXX : preliminary experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['oral ulcers']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective case-control investigation. OBJECTIVES: To determine the responses to thoracic discography of asymptomatic individuals. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Literature regarding lumbar and cervical discography reveals that even morphologically abnormal discs often are not @entity158 , whereas @entity158 discs typically exhibit anular or endplate disruption. METHODS: Ten adult lifelong asymptomatic volunteers, ages 23 to 45 years, underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine, followed by four-level discography. Provocative responses were graded on a scale of 0 (no sensation) to 10 (extreme @entity158 or pressure), and filmed discs were graded using a modified Dallas scheme. Concomitantly, 10 nonlitigious adults (6 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , ages 31 to 55 years) experiencing chronic @entity158 were similarly studied as a control group. RESULTS: The mean @entity158 response in the asymptomatic volunteers was 2.4/10. Three discs were intensely @entity158 (scores of 7/10, 8/10, 10/10), with all three exhibiting prominent endplate irregularities and anular tears typical of thoracolumbar @entity8322 . On discography, 27 of 40 discs were abnormal, with endplate irregularities, anular tears, and/or herniations. Ten discs read as normal on magnetic resonance imaging showed anular pathology on discography. In the group with chronic @entity158 , the average @entity158 response was 6.3/10 (P < 0.05). Of the 48 discs studied, 24 were concordantly @entity158 , with a @entity158 response of 8.5/10 (P < 0.05); 17 had nonconcordant @entity158 /pressure, with an average @entity158 of 4.8/10 (P < 0.05); and 5 had no response. On magnetic resonance imaging 21 of the 48 discs appeared normal. However, on discography, only 10 were judged as normal. CONCLUSIONS: On discography, thoracic discs with prominent @entity22336 may be intensely @entity158 , even in lifelong asymptomatic individuals, but the @entity158 is unfamiliar or nonconcordant. @entity1514 may-demonstrate disc pathology not seen on magnetic resonance imaging.

title: XXXX in healthy individuals. A controlled prospective study of magnetic resonance imaging and discography in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals.

entities_list: @entity8322 :: ('MESH:D012544', 'Disease') :: ["Scheuermann's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic discography']

entities_list: @entity22336 :: ('MESH:D011213', 'Disease') :: ["Schmorl's nodes"]

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'thoracic pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['Thoracic discography']


abstract: Purpose. To investigate the correlation of Apperent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values in @entity9962 with detailed histologic features and enhancement ratios on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Methods and Materials. Dynamic MR images and diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) of @entity9962 were reviewed in 25 (26 lesions) @entity1 . In each @entity1 , DWI, T2WI, T1WI, and dynamic images were obtained. The ADC values of the 26 @entity189 were calculated with b-factors of 0 and 1000 s/mm(2) using echoplanar DWI. Correlations of the ADC values were examined on dynamic MRI with enhancement ratios (early to delayed phase: E/D ratio) and detailed histologic findings for each lesion, including cellular density, the size of @entity5 nests, and architectural features of the stroma (broad, narrow, and delicate) between @entity5 nests. Results. The mean ADC was 0.915    0.151   10(-3)   mm(2)/sec. Cellular density was significantly correlated with ADC values (P = .0184) and E/D ratios (P = .0315). The ADC values were also significantly correlated to features of the stroma (broad to narrow, P = .0366). Conclusion. The findings suggest that DWIs reflect the growth patterns of @entity189 , including cellular density and architectural features of the stroma, and E/D ratios may also be closely correlated to cellular density.

title: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in XXXX : Correlation with Detailed Histologic Features and the Enhancement Ratio on Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Images.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity9962 :: (MESH:D018270,Disease) :: ['Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma']


abstract: Experimental assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration in @entity35 by electrophysiology is controversial due to low reproducibility of electrophysiological indicators and diminished quantitative evaluation in conventional experimental set-ups. Magnetoneurography ( @entity17152 ) counteracts these drawbacks by magnetically recording electrophysiological signals ex vivo, thereby providing accurate and quantitative data. In 50 @entity35 , sciatic nerve transection was followed by direct repair. @entity17152 outcome parameters, footprints [static @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ); function] and muscle weight (MW) were studied for their recovery pattern from 2 to 24 weeks. By using @entity17152 , we showed that the regeneration process still continues when functional recovery (static @entity4059 ) becomes stagnant. With regression analysis, @entity17152 parameters amplitude, amplitude area and conduction velocity (CV) demonstrated moderate significant correlation with MW, whereas CV was not significantly associated with static @entity4059 . No significant association exists between MW and static @entity4059 . A Kaplan-Meier survival curve revealed that autotomy/ @entity1159 of @entity35 hind paws was not related to decreased @entity17152 outcome values. In conclusion, this study highlights and discusses the dissimilarities between direct ( @entity17152 ) and indirect (static @entity4059 and MW) assessment techniques of the regeneration process. We emphasise the significance of @entity17152 as a direct derivative of axon regeneration in experimental @entity35 studies. Additionally, we stress the must for right-left ratios, as neurophysiological indicators vary with age, and we confute possible bias in footprint analysis caused by exclusion of autotomy/ @entity1159 animals.

title: Recovery of neurophysiological features with time after XXXX sciatic nerve repair: a magneto-neurographic study.

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['TSF', 'toe spread factor']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity121 is a rare injury. If unrepaired the @entity1 will be left with weakness of supination of the arm and flexion in the elbow. Long term results for the 2-incision approach for tendon reinsertion are few but in this study we describe the long term, clinical, functional, and subjective results of surgical repair using the 2-incision method described by Boyd and Anderson. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All @entity1 who were operated at FSA hospital during the years 1986-2000 because of @entity121 were asked to participate in the study. Twelve of 16 @entity1 accepted and answered the DASH questionnaire. Strength was tested with handheld dynamometer and ROM where measured. Radiograph was taken of the affected arm. RESULTS: From 1986 through 2006 we operated on 16 @entity1 because of @entity397 , one female and 15 male. Mean age at the time of @entity397 was 46 years (24-53).The average follow up were seven years (1-17). Ten of 12 @entity1 were operated within two weeks from the injuries. No difference in strength was found between operated and non-operated arms. Late repair was associated with high DASH score and poor subjective results. Six @entity1 developed @entity2736 but none of them developed @entity19386 . One reoperation because entrapment of the median nerve was done. CONCLUSIONS: Despite @entity2736 and a small ROM deficit the Boyd and Anderson technique for repair of @entity397 yields good long term results in a low volume rural hospital. Early diagnosis and tendon reinsertion is of great importance to avoid persistent anterior elbow @entity158 and poor subjective results.

title: [Repair of distal biceps brachii tendon XXXX : long term retrospective follow-up for two-incision technique].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19386 :: ('MESH:C562408', 'Disease') :: ['radioulnar synostosis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'rupture of the distal biceps tendon', 'distal biceps ruptures']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps muscle', 'Rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps muscle']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In skeletal muscles, @entity592 inhibits the exercise-induced membrane translocation of @entity3240 . It has been postulated that the inhibitory action of @entity592 on @entity141 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) causes inhibition of exercise-induced @entity413 uptake; however, the precise mechanism has not been adequately studied. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We discovered that @entity592 can bind to skeletal-type @entity31197 (sk- @entity31197 ) with photoreactive @entity592 derivatives. In sk- @entity31197 -deficient muscles, we examined the change in @entity413 uptake and the membrane translocation of @entity3240 . In addition, we examined the change in blood @entity413 and also measured the glycogen level in both isolated and in situ skeletal muscles after electrical stimulation using our mutant @entity19 . RESULTS: In sk- @entity31197 -deficient muscles, exercise-induced @entity413 uptake was totally abolished with no change in insulin-induced @entity413 uptake. The @entity141 release mechanism and its inhibition by @entity592 were completely preserved in these muscles. The expression of @entity3240 in the mutant muscles also appeared unchanged. Confocal imaging and results using the membrane isolation method showed that exercise/contraction did not enhance @entity3240 translocation in these sk- @entity31197 -deficient muscles under conditions of adequate muscle glycogen consumption. The blood @entity413 level in normal @entity19 was reduced by electrical stimulation of the hind limbs, but that in mutant @entity19 was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: sk- @entity31197 is a novel @entity592 receptor that plays an important role in membrane translocation of @entity3240 induced by contraction/exercise. The 23-kDa sk- @entity31197 may also be involved in the regulation of @entity413 levels in the whole body.

title: Functional role of XXXX in membrane translocation of @entity3240 .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity592 :: ('MESH:D003620', 'Chemical') :: ['dantrolene']

entities_list: @entity31197 :: ('20167(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['neuroendocrine-specific protein-like 1', 'NSPl1']

answer: @entity31197 :: (20167(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['neuroendocrine-specific protein-like 1']


abstract: In a double-blind study, 80 adult @entity1 , undergoing tonsillectomy, were randomly allocated to one of the four groups: @entity2899 ( @entity9856 ) 50 micrograms/kg+ @entity680 (Alf) 20 micrograms/kg, @entity9856 50 micrograms/kg+Alf 50 micrograms/kg, Alf 10 micrograms/kg+Alf 20 micrograms/kg, Alf 10 micrograms/kg+Alf 50 micrograms/kg. The first drug was given 2 min before thiopental and the second drug 1 min before inserting the mouth gag. Intubation was facilitated with @entity2900 . Anaesthesia was maintained with 70% @entity3810 in @entity26 and peripheral muscle relaxation during operation with @entity3369 . For analysis of the induction characteristics, both @entity9856 -pretreatment groups were treated together and compared with the results of the Alf-pretreatment groups. @entity2901 occurred in 20% in the @entity9856 group and in 70% in the Alf group. Neither @entity2899 nor @entity680 prevented the cardiovascular intubation response. Cardiovascular responses to the placement of the mouth gag occurred only in the lower-dose @entity680 groups. ECG changes during operation occurred in 25-45% of the @entity1 . The most common ECG change was junctional rhythm. The operating conditions were good in 65-80% of the @entity1 . The mean recovery score (0-10) ranged from 9.3 to 9.7 between the groups. The incidence of @entity390 ranged from 20-30% and that of @entity391 from 10-25% between the groups. Bleeding from the operation site occurred in 20-30% of the @entity1 . None of the @entity1 needed sutures to stop the @entity548 .

title: XXXX as an adjuvant of balanced anaesthesia for tonsillectomy in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['suxamethonium']

answer: @entity680 :: (MESH:D015760,Chemical) :: ['Alfentanil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the midterm results of debridement, synovectomy, and dorsal closing-wedge osteotomy in the treatment of @entity15229 ( @entity15229 ). METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 (17 females, 2 males; mean age 26 years; range 13 to 49 years) were treated with debridement, synovectomy, and dorsal closing-wedge osteotomy for @entity15229 . The main presenting symptom was @entity158 on walking or sports activities. The second metatarsal head was affected in 16 @entity1 , the third in two @entity1 , and both heads in one @entity1 . Four @entity1 had a history of @entity130 , while the remaining @entity1 had a history of standing for long hours. According to the Smillie's classification, four @entity1 had type 5, 12 @entity1 had type 4, and three @entity1 had type 3 @entity2530 . After osteotomy, the smooth and healthy plantar surface of the metatarsal head faced the phalangeal cartilage. The mean follow-up period was 41 months (range 15 to 88 months). The results were assessed by the Lesser Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale by Kitaoka et al. RESULTS: The results were excellent in seven @entity1 (36.8%), good in nine @entity1 (47.4%), and poor in three @entity1 (15.8%). Poor results were seen in two @entity1 with type 5, and one @entity1 with type 4 @entity2530 , all of whom developed @entity39 in the metatarsal head and shortening of about 4 mm. One @entity1 underwent resection arthroplasty. The mean flexion and extension losses were 15 degrees (range 0 degrees to 30 degrees ) and 10 degrees (range 0 degrees to 20 degrees ), respectively. The mean shortening in the metatarsal length was 1.6 mm (range 1 to 4 mm), postoperatively. No instances of infection, nonunion, or @entity4040 were encountered. CONCLUSION: Treatment with debridement, synovectomy, and dorsal closing-wedge osteotomy yields successful results in @entity15229 .

title: [Dorsal closing-wedge osteotomy in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity15229 :: ('MESH:C535636', 'Disease') :: ['metatarsal head osteochondrosis', "Freiberg's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity15229 :: (MESH:C535636,Disease) :: ['Freiberg's disease']


abstract: Symbiotic bacteria inhabiting the @entity1 gut have evolved under intense pressure to utilize complex @entity3363 , primarily plant cell wall glycans in our diets. These polysaccharides are not digested by @entity1 enzymes, but are processed to absorbable short chain @entity1718 by gut bacteria. The Bacteroidetes, one of two dominant bacterial phyla in the adult gut, possess broad glycan-degrading abilities. These species use a series of membrane protein complexes, termed Sus-like systems, for catabolism of many complex @entity3363 . However, the role of these systems in degrading the chemically diverse repertoire of plant cell wall glycans remains unknown. Here we show that two closely related @entity1 gut @entity3404 , @entity3404 and B. ovatus, are capable of utilizing nearly all of the major plant and host glycans, including @entity1605 , a highly complex polymer thought to be recalcitrant to microbial degradation. Transcriptional profiling and gene inactivation experiments revealed the identity and specificity of the polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) that encode individual Sus-like systems that target various plant polysaccharides. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that B. ovatus possesses several unique PULs that enable degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides, a phenotype absent from @entity3404 . In contrast, the @entity3404 genome has been shaped by increased numbers of PULs involved in metabolism of host mucin O-glycans, a phenotype that is undetectable in B. ovatus. Binding studies of the purified sensor domains of PUL-associated hybrid two-component systems in conjunction with transcriptional analyses demonstrate that complex oligosaccharides provide the regulatory cues that induce PUL activation and that each PUL is highly specific for a defined cell wall polymer. These results provide a view of how these species have diverged into different @entity1735 niches by evolving genes that target unique suites of available polysaccharides, a theme that likely applies to disparate bacteria from the gut and other habitats.

title: Recognition and degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides by two XXXX gut symbionts.

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['rhamnogalacturonan II']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3404 :: ('818', 'Species') :: ['B. thetaiotaomicron', 'Bacteroides']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity19300 (SA) is present in a wide variety of plants and microorganisms used in traditional and folk medicine and also is an essential starting material for the synthesis of the antiviral drug @entity684 ( @entity684  ). Some pharmacological actions observed in SA-enriched products include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive actions of isolated SA. METHODS: RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were treated with bacterial @entity558 (1 g/mL) and the effect of SA on the modulation of cell viability, @entity842 (NO) production, @entity637 , and @entity635 content and MAPK ( @entity8837 and @entity1995 ) activation was evaluated. Besides, the anti- @entity1931 actions of SA on in vivo model of mechanical @entity1931 induced by carrageenan (CG), @entity935 (DA), @entity637 and @entity3009 ( @entity1421 ) were assessed. RESULTS: In RAW 264.7 cells, SA suppressed @entity558 -induced decrease in cell viability and @entity3542 accumulation to control values and inhibited up-regulation of @entity637 (65%) and @entity635 (39%). These effects may be mediated at least in part by inhibition of @entity558 -induced @entity8837 (22%) and @entity1995 (17%) phosphorylation. In @entity19 , SA at 50, 100, and 200mg/kg decreased @entity406 -induced @entity146 (around 50%) and inhibited the inflammatory nociception induced by @entity637 and @entity1421 (50 to 75% each). Moreover, SA (100 and 200mg/kg) significantly attenuated the mechanical @entity1931 induced by CG and DA (25 to 40% each). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that SA presents anti-inflammatory actions with potential for development of drugs to treat pro-inflammatory and painful conditions.

title: @entity19300 inhibits @entity558 -induced cellular pro-inflammatory cytokines and attenuates mechanical XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['Oseltamivir', 'Tamiflu']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['nociceptive behavior']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity19300 :: ('MESH:D012765', 'Chemical') :: ['Shikimic acid']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the perceived availability of various services provided by @entity2438 centers in our region. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted from March to May 2015 involving health care workers at various governmental and private @entity2438 centers in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A structured 30-item questionnaire was designed to assess their demographics, training, experience, and the availability of various services at their centers. RESULTS: Twelve @entity2438 centers were included and 136 employees participated in the study. Seventy-eight (57%) @entity1 indicated that their center lacked important and essential services. These included programs for home care and outreach (59%), family recognition incentives and rewards (51%), integrative educational programs (39%), and occupational therapy (16%). Access for outside referral for these services was available in only 24% of cases. They cited several major obstacles in providing adequate service including; family involvement (24%), @entity1 s @entity146 (13%), increased number of students (9%), and work environment and space (5%). CONCLUSION: Significant deficiencies exist in the availability of @entity2438 services in our region. Access for referrals for important services is also limited. We identified several areas that can be targeted to help develop, promote, and improve the provided services for @entity1 with @entity72 .

title: The availability of services for @entity1 with XXXX in a Saudi population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'Autism']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorder']


abstract: Because the @entity29971 , -7b, and -11 genes are expressed in metanephric kidneys and code for secreted glycoproteins that may serve as mediators of the transformation of renal mesenchyme to epithelium, we investigated the pattern of @entity29972 gene expression in late metanephrogenesis and after @entity1695 . Newborn and 10-, 20-, and 60-day-old @entity35 underwent complete unilateral ureteral ligation or sham operation. The kidneys were collected bilaterally 1, 5, 10, 20, or 30 days later. RNase protection assays were used to quantify the amounts of mRNA encoding @entity29971 , -7b, and -11, @entity17937 , and @entity29973 . Renal development was assessed by histologic characterization of @entity7229 , cytokeratin, @entity17937 , and @entity12747 distribution. During normal development, the amounts of mRNA encoding @entity29971 and @entity29974 increased during gestation and then abruptly decreased after the completion of metanephrogenesis, 15 days after birth. In contrast, the amounts of mRNA encoding @entity29975 , @entity17937 , and @entity29973 increased during development and into adulthood. In neonatally obstructed kidneys, the expression of @entity29971 was abnormally maintained when obstruction was induced before the completion of renal development and was reactivated when obstruction was induced after the completion of metanephrogenesis. @entity29975 expression was minimally affected and @entity29974 expression was only transiently affected by obstruction. In neonatally obstructed kidneys, the differentiation of mesenchyme to epithelium failed to proceed normally, with the majority of cells maintaining @entity7229 expression and some differentiated epithelial cells reverting to @entity7229 expression. In addition, the expression of @entity17937 and cytokeratin was increased in epithelial cells. Changes in the expression of @entity29972 genes were correlated with histologic changes. This study suggests that @entity29976 are likely to be important mediators of the transformation of mesenchyme to epithelium in the kidney. Obstruction induced during metanephrogenesis disrupts the normal pattern of @entity29971 , -7b, and -11 expression and interferes with the normal transformation process in developing kidneys, by maintaining the mesenchymal component and inducing the transformation of epithelium to mesenchyme.

title: Expression of the XXXX gene family during late nephrogenesis and complete @entity1695 .

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

answer: @entity29972 :: (114487(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Wnt']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Treatment of functional @entity2531 remains a challenge. The purpose of this study is to describe a single center experience with sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of @entity1118 . METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on prospectively collected data of @entity1 treated with sacral neuromodulation for functional @entity158 from April 2005 to August 2008. Symptoms were analyzed using a visual analog scale @entity158 score (0 to 10). A 7-point Likert scale was used to rate global perceived effect. All @entity1 had a percutaneous nerve evaluation and subsequent test stimulation to assess sacral neuromodulation outcome prior to permanent implantation. @entity1 were eligible for permanent sacral neuromodulation in case of a @entity158 score <3 during test stimulation and/or >50% decrease in the @entity158 score compared to baseline. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 (2 males) were included in this study. Mean age was 53.8 years (27.6 to 74.0). Four @entity1 (1 male) had successful test stimulation and were eligible for permanent implantation. Median @entity158 score decreased from 8.0 (6.0 to 9.0) to 1.0 (0 to 2.0). All @entity1 experienced a lasting improvement during the follow-up till 24 months. Global perceived effect in successful @entity1 was 1 (completely recovered) in one @entity1 and 2 (much improved) in three @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study showed that sacral neuromodulation can be a successful treatment for functional @entity158 not responding to other treatments. Improvement obtained during test stimulation is a good predictor (diagnostic) for sustained success of permanent sacral neuromodulation.

title: Sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of XXXX : a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic functional anorectal pain']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal pain disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'anorectal pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic functional anorectal pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: This prospective, randomized, double-blind study compared the analgesic efficacy and safety of @entity14340 versus @entity12802 and @entity3522 , after Lichtenstein tension-free mesh @entity169 . METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity14340 80 mg daily i.v. (Group A), @entity12802 16 mg daily i.v. (Group B) or @entity3522 150 mg daily i.m. (Group C). Rescue @entity1337 in all groups consisted of @entity6882 25 mg i.m. @entity158 was measured with an analogue scale ( @entity158 intensity score). RESULTS: @entity1 treated with @entity14340 80 mg reported significantly lower summed @entity158 intensity scores compared with @entity12802 and @entity3522 -treated @entity1 . Duration of @entity1337 was also significantly longer with @entity14340 than with @entity12802 and @entity3522 . Adverse events were significantly less common in the @entity14340 and @entity12802 group, compared with @entity3522 group. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple-day administration of @entity14340 40 mg twice daily is more effective than equivalent doses of @entity12802 and @entity3522 , and generally better tolerated than @entity3522 after Lichtenstein tension-free mesh @entity169 .

title: @entity14340 sodium in the treatment of postoperative pain after Lichtenstein tension-free mesh XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity12802 :: ('MESH:C059451', 'Chemical') :: ['lornoxicam']

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['parecoxib sodium', 'parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: Objectives. To assess the current clinical evidence of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction (BBTD) for essential @entity101 (EH). Search Strategy. Electronic databases were searched until July 2012. Inclusion Criteria. We included randomized clinical trials testing BBTD against placebo, antihypertensive drugs, or combined with antihypertensive drugs against antihypertensive drugs. Data Extraction and Analyses. Study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and data analyses were conducted according to Cochrane standards. Results. 16 randomized trials were included. Methodological quality of the included trials was evaluated as generally low. 2 trials compared prescriptions based on BBTD using alone with antihypertensive drugs. Meta-analysis showed no significant effect of modified BBTD compared with @entity3371 in systolic blood pressure ( @entity601 : -0.75 (-5.77, 4.27); P = 0.77) and diastolic blood pressure ( @entity601 : -0.75 (-2.89, 1.39); P = 0.49). 14 trials compared the combination of BBTD or modified BBTD plus antihypertensive drugs with antihypertensive drugs. Meta-analysis showed there are significant beneficial effect on systolic blood pressure in the combination group compare to the antihypertensive drugs ( @entity601 : -4.33 (-8.44, -0.22); P = 0.04). The safety of BBTD is uncertain. Conclusions. There is encouraging evidence of BBTD for lowering @entity13519 , but evidence remains weak. Rigorously designed trials are warranted to confirm these results.

title: Banxia baizhu tianma decoction for essential XXXX : a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Infection of the @entity1143 and development of @entity3509 are potential dangers after pneumonectomy. In spite of decrease in frequency of postpneumonectomy @entity3509 (PPE) formation, this is still a serious complication. The aim of this study was: analysis the mechanisms of postpneumonectomy @entity3509 formation and attempt the elaboration of the optimal management of these @entity1 . METHODS: 1148 pneumonectomies were performed at the Thoracic Surgery Centre between 1984 and 2002. PPE occurred in 76 (6.6%) @entity1 between the ages of 25-77. For statistical purposes the chi2 test was used. RESULTS: The causes of PPE showed that in 56/76 (73.7%) @entity1 its formation was due to a @entity260 . In 4/76 (5.3%) cases the cause of @entity3509 was associated with intraoperative @entity281 during the operation. In 3/76 (3.9%) @entity1 a long period of treatment at the intensive care unit due to @entity86 predisposed to the @entity281 . In 13/76 (17.1%) @entity1 the cause was not established. Statistically significant PPE was associated with @entity260 (P=0). @entity260 caused by one factor was more frequent than those caused by 2 or 3 factors (P=0). PPE was the most often diagnosed in the second postoperative week (P=0.0001). 13 (17.1%) @entity1 died during the 30 days after beginning of the treatment of PPE. The course of complication was more impetuous and more @entity204 were noted in @entity1 diagnosed during the first week after operation. Only 8 @entity1 from 34, who were selected for thoracentesis and lavage with deposition of antibiotics into the @entity1143 recovered. Jointly 68 (89.5%) @entity1 underwent chest tube drainage. After 2-3 weeks the tube was removed in 16 @entity1 . 17 (22.4%) @entity1 were not qualified for operation. 35 (46.1%) @entity1 underwent different operative procedures: 20 fenestrations, 12 fenestrations with myoplasty and 3 thoracoplastic operations with myoplasty. CONCLUSIONS: The most common causes of @entity15978 were @entity260 , mainly @entity292 . The scheme of therapeutic management in PPE was elaborated as a result of our experience.

title: Causes and management of postpneumonectomy XXXX : our experience.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['empyemas', 'empyema']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complication', 'postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative shock']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyemas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as cells with potential clinical utilities, have demonstrated preferential incorporation into @entity32 sites. Immunophenotype and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs could alter by inflamed-microenvironments due to the local pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu. A major cellular mediator with specific function in promoting @entity32 and pathogenicity of @entity792 are @entity4155 -producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells that polarize in inflamed sites in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), @entity650 and @entity4452 . Since MSCs are promising candidate for cell-based therapeutic strategies in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, Th17 cell polarizing factors may alter MSCs phenotype and function. In this study, @entity1 bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSC) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSC) were cultured with or without @entity1356 , @entity650 and @entity4452 as pro-inflammatory cytokines. The surface markers and their differentiation capacity were measured in cytokine-untreated and cytokine-treated MSCs. MSCs-mediated immunomodulation was analyzed by their regulatory effects on mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and the level of @entity688 , @entity2533 , @entity3646 , @entity379 and @entity310 production as immunomodulatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines showed no effect on MSCs morphology, immunophenotype and co-stimulatory molecules except up-regulation of @entity1195 . Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity increased in @entity1195 + MSCs. Moreover, cytokine-treated MSCs preserved the suppressive ability of allogeneic T cell proliferation and produced higher level of @entity2533 and lower level of @entity3646 . We concluded pro-inflammatory cytokines up-regulate the efficacy of MSCs in cell-based therapy of degenerative, inflammatory and @entity792 .

title: The effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on immunophenotype, differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory functions of XXXX mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity957 arising from a @entity2869 is an unusual complication of a common condition. Approximately 36 cases of @entity189 related to @entity66 have been reported in the literature. Wide excision with @entity5 -free margins has yielded five-year disease-free states in 55 percent of @entity1 . Recurrence rates have been 44 percent to 50 percent in several large series. Regional (inguinal) nodal metastasis occurs in 14 percent of @entity1 , heralding a dismal prognosis. Radiation and chemotherapy are of minimal palliative value. Reconstruction of these @entity1 has consisted of split-thickness skin grafts or local cutaneous and myocutaneous flaps. Some authors have allowed healing by secondary intention. A case of @entity957 arising in a chronic @entity2869 is reported. Local recurrence required an extensive resection resulting in a large sacral/perineal defect. A single-stage reconstruction of this defect with multiple muscle and musculocutaneous flaps is described.

title: Recurrent @entity957 arising in XXXX --multiple flap reconstructions. Report of a case.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal disease']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous-cell carcinoma', 'squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal sinus tract']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus tract']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the prehospital time intervals from @entity1 contact and medication administration to clinical response for intranasal (IN) versus intravenous (IV) @entity1510 in @entity1 with suspected @entity1445 . METHODS: This was a retrospective review of emergency medical services (EMS) and hospital records, before and after implementation of a protocol for administration of intranasal @entity1510 by the Central @entity341 Agency. We included @entity1 with suspected @entity1445 treated in the prehospital setting over 17 months, between March 2003 and July 2004. Paramedics documented dose, route of administration, and positive response times using an electronic record. Clinical response was defined as an increase in respiratory rate (breaths/min) or Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of at least 6. Main outcome variables included time from medication to clinical response and time from @entity1 contact to clinical response. Secondary variables included numbers of doses administered and rescue doses given by an alternate route. Between-group comparisons were accomplished using t-tests and chi-square tests as appropriate. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-four @entity1 met the inclusion criteria, including 104 treated with IV and 50 treated with IN @entity1510 . Clinical response was noted in 33 (66%) and 58 (56%) of the IN and IV groups, respectively (p = 0.3). The mean time between @entity1510 administration and clinical response was longer for the IN group (12.9 vs. 8.1 min, p = 0.02). However, the mean times from @entity1 contact to clinical response were not significantly different between the IN and IV groups (20.3 vs. 20.7 min, p = 0.9). More @entity1 in the IN group received two doses of @entity1510 (34% vs. 18%, p = 0.05), and three @entity1 in the IN group received a subsequent dose of IV or IM @entity1510 . CONCLUSIONS: The time from dose administration to clinical response for @entity1510 was longer for the IN route, but the overall time from @entity1 contact to response was the same for the IV and IN routes. Given the difficulty and potential hazards in obtaining IV access in many @entity1 with @entity1445 , IN @entity1510 appears to be a useful and potentially safer alternative.

title: Intranasal @entity1510 is a viable alternative to intravenous XXXX for prehospital @entity1445 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['California EMS']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['narcotic overdose']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 diagnosed with bile-duct, @entity788 have a poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the potential curative efficacy and safety of intraluminal brachytherapy by using radioactive stents for palliative treatment of these @entity1 . DESIGN AND SETTING: @entity1 with inoperable extrahepatic bile-duct (n = 2), pancreatic-head (n = 6), or ampullary (n = 3) @entity189 were treated by intraluminal implantation of radioactive stents designed according to a computerized treatment-planning system. INTERVENTIONS: Both radioactive stents and commonly used self-expanding metallic or plastic stents were placed in the common bile duct (CBD) of the @entity1 . For @entity3123 , the combination of radioactive CBD and @entity788 ( @entity788 ) stents or only a radioactive @entity788 stent was chosen according to the @entity5 position. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Survival, @entity5 status, and complications were assessed during the follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 16 radioactive stents were successively placed in all 11 @entity1 . There were no life-threatening complications. The median survival was 150 days. After 2 months of the placement of radioactive stents, 8 @entity1 (72.7%) had stable disease, whereas 3 @entity1 (27.3%) showed @entity74 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of radioactive stents and metallic and/or plastic stents was technically feasible and tolerable in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 around the pancreatic-head area.

title: Intraluminal implantation of radioactive stents for treatment of primary XXXX of the peripancreatic-head region: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'pancreatic-head, and ampullary carcinomas', 'pancreatic duct']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: The @entity2691 -induced @entity2670 in the @entity35 represents a normal ovarian response to aberrant endocrine stimuli. Although we have shown that removal of one @entity3610 (hemiovariectomy) results in restoration of cyclicity and normal morphology in the remaining ovary by 1 week, nothing is known about the process of recovery or about the role of the hypothalamo-pituitary unit in initiating recovery. We have therefore examined ovaries at 3, 12, 24, 48, and 120 hours following removal of the @entity3610 . The ovarian content and size distribution of healthy and atretic follicles was determined, as well as the occurrence of follicular cysts, type III large follicular structures, and corpora lutea. The plasma LH pattern was also examined at a short postoperative interval. At 3 hours, there was a significant increase in mean ovarian weight that coincided with the emergence of healthy large secondary follicles. By 12 hours, there was a significant sustained diminution in the number of atretic follicles of all sizes, but the total number of healthy follicles did not increase significantly until 120 hours. The cystic follicles had all but disappeared by 120 hours because of mechanical compression by newly developing ovarian tissue. Ovarian recovery is, therefore, biphasic, consisting of a very early diminution in @entity1146 coincident with, and perhaps caused by, a major alteration in the plasma LH pattern. The second phase is characterized by a wave of follicular recruitment and development.

title: Remission of the @entity2670 ( XXXX ) in the @entity35 following hemiovariectomy.

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary', 'contralateral polycystic ovaries']

entities_list: @entity2691 :: ('MESH:C015854', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol valerate']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian condition']

answer: @entity2670 :: (MESH:D010049,Disease) :: ['PCO']


abstract: A prospective study of 100 @entity130 @entity1 admitted to the resuscitation room was performed. @entity6676 was confirmed radiologically in 17 @entity1 . The mechanism of injury was blunt @entity130 in 91 @entity1 and penetrating in nine. The mean Injury Severity Score was 17. Of those @entity1 with acute @entity6676 , 13 (76%) had no @entity3511 . @entity6676 was suspected clinically in nine of 17 @entity1 (53%) in whom the diagnosis was confirmed radiologically. Nasogastric tubes were placed in 31 @entity1 . Fifteen @entity1 had a diagnostic peritoneal lavage and nine of these had nasogastric aspiration before the procedure. Of 28 @entity1 secondarily transferred from another hospital, three (11%) had undergone nasogastric intubation before transfer, five (18%) had acute @entity6676 on admission and four (14%) had radiological evidence of @entity358 . Complications associated with acute @entity6676 included @entity548 in six @entity1 (35%), @entity358 in two (12%) and prolonged ileus in one (6%). Placement of a nasogastric tube in the absence of a clear contraindication, either before inter-hospital transfer or soon after admission to the resuscitation room is strongly recommended in the management of the multiply injured @entity1 .

title: Acute @entity6676 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['gastric haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspiration']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity6676 :: ('MESH:D013271', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dilatation', 'Acute gastric dilatation']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: SIRT6, a member of the @entity375 silent information regulator 2 (SIR2) family, possesses both robust @entity857 -ribosyltransferase activity and protein deacetylase activity depending on @entity2125 . It has been shown to maintain genomic stability and telomere integrity, and to prevent @entity74 and @entity1240 . However, the mechanism by which SIRT6 overexpression affects cellular ageing is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of SIRT6 overexpression on @entity137 and ageing syndromes. A full-length cDNA of porcine SIRT6 was inserted into pcDNA3.1(-) and subsequently transfected into porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs). Overexpression of SIRT6 was identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. The cells were incubated with @entity3649 and @entity2469 at their cytotoxic concentrations. The damage caused by the stresses was detected with fluorescence microscopy using @entity14939 ( @entity14939 ) staining, DNA ladder analysis, and observation under transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that SIRT6 overexpression in cells decreased damage to the nuclei. It also protected against the generation of DNA fragmentation and damage in the ultramicrostructure of the cells, especially damage to mitochondria. Our observations suggested that one function of SIRT6 in PFFs was to dampen @entity137 , and, therefore, to decrease the damage that causes premature senescence.

title: Overexpression of SIRT6 in porcine fetal fibroblasts attenuates cytotoxicity and premature senescence caused by @entity3649 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['D-galactose']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['age-related disorders']

entities_list: @entity1240 :: ('MESH:D019588', 'Disease') :: ['premature ageing']

entities_list: @entity14939 :: ('MESH:C007293', 'Chemical') :: ["4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole", 'DAPI']

entities_list: @entity2469 :: ('MESH:D020122', 'Chemical') :: ['tert-butylhydroperoxide']

answer: @entity2469 :: (MESH:D020122,Chemical) :: ['tert-butylhydroperoxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of subcutaneous administration of recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 (rHuEPO) on regeneration formation and quality during mandibular distraction osteogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen adult male @entity95 were used in this study. Ethical approval was obtained from the Animal Research Institute of Selcuk University, Konya, @entity233 . Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) was performed with a custom-made distractor on the left mandibles of @entity95 . In the experimental group, 4 doses of 150 IU/kg rHuEPO were administered at 48-hour intervals. The first dose was given immediately after surgery. Control subjects received 0.5 mL/kg isotonic solution in the same manner. After 2 days of latency, mandibles were distracted 1 mm/day at 12-hour intervals for 5 days. A 5-mm lengthening was achieved. All animals were sacrificed after 30 days of consolidation. Afterward, samples were prepared for histomorphometric evaluation of newly formed bone area. RESULTS: The number of osteoblasts and blood vessels was significantly higher, whereas the number of osteoclasts was significantly lower, in the experimental group than in the control group (P < .05). In the experimental group, the area of new bone formation was greater than in the control group (P < .05). Moreover, fibroblast and collagen numbers per unit area were higher in the experimental group. However, this finding was not statistically significant (P > .05). CONCLUSION: The subcutaneous administration of rHuEPO improves the rate and quality of bone-healing during distraction osteogenesis. However, the short-term favorable effects of rHuEPO in this study should be extended with long-term investigations before clinical application.

title: Effects of recombinant XXXX @entity1307 on mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are conflicting data concerning the effect of treatment with @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 (GIK) in @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Early studies showed beneficial effects of GIK, however, recent large sample size trials did not confirm this, or suggested only benefits in @entity1 without @entity712 . We aimed to evaluate long-term effects of GIK in @entity1 with @entity583 without signs of @entity712 , all treated with reperfusion therapy. METHODS: From August 2003 to December 2004, 889 @entity583 @entity1 without signs of @entity712 were randomized to standard care (N=445) or additional GIK infusion (N=444). @entity413 - @entity972 (20% @entity413 with 80 mmol @entity972 /l) was infused at 2 ml/kg body weight per hour for 12 h through a peripheral line. Short-acting insulin was started according to admission @entity413 and adjusted based on hourly measured @entity413 . Clinical end points were of number of death, reinfarction and revascularization at 1 year. RESULTS: One year follow-up was available in 864 @entity1 (97.2%), 432 in the GIK group and 432 in the control group. Mortality rate was 5.3% in GIK and 3.9% in control @entity1 , p=0.33. Rates of reinfarction and revascularization 4.6% vs. 4.6% and 15.5% and 15.0%, in GIK vs. control @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity583 without signs of @entity712 treated with reperfusion therapy, GIK therapy offers no clinical benefit at 1 year.

title: One year outcomes after @entity413 -insulin- XXXX in ST elevation @entity583 . The @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 study II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is the only curative therapy for @entity1 with @entity459 (1HPT). Although cure rates of parathyroidectomy are generally high, failure is most often due to unrecognized @entity66 ( @entity66 ), which compromises 15-20% of @entity1 with 1HPT. The use of intraoperative @entity461 (ioPTH) monitoring is well established for @entity66 . Controversy remains over the utility of ioPTH in @entity66 , with concern for false-positive results leading to prematurely concluding the operation and leaving behind abnormal parathyroid tissue, risking future recurrence. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of ioPTH monitoring for @entity66 . METHODS: Between November 2000 and March 2008, data were prospectively collected on 755 @entity1 with 1HPT who underwent parathyroidectomy. @entity461 samples were collected pre-incision, and then at 5, 10, and 15 min after excision of suspected abnormal parathyroid gland(s). Surgical cure was defined as a drop of greater than 50% in @entity461 level. @entity1 were clinically cured if they became normocalcemic postoperatively and remained so for 6 months. The data were analyzed to determine how accurately ioPTH predicted @entity177 of parathyroidectomy. RESULTS: Of the 755 @entity1 , 163 (21.5%) were found to have @entity66 on pathology. Intraoperative @entity461 monitoring was used in 161 of these cases. In 146/161 cases (90.7%), the ioPTH level fell by at least 50% after removal of all suspected abnormal glands. All of these @entity1 (100%) remained normocalcemic postoperatively. In 15/161 cases (9.3%), the @entity461 level did not fall by >50%. For 11/15 cases (73%), @entity1 remained hypercalcemic postoperatively or had recurrence. However, in the remaining four cases, the @entity1 became normocalcemic postoperatively despite failure of the @entity461 to fall by >50%. In each of these @entity1 , @entity461 levels fell by 40-50%. CONCLUSIONS: ioPTH monitoring accurately predicted @entity177 of parathyroidectomy in 97.5% (157/161) of @entity1 with @entity66 . A fall of ioPTH by >50% can be used as a highly accurate predictor of cure in @entity1 with @entity66 . Therefore, ioPTH monitoring is a very useful tool in @entity1 with 1HPT and @entity66 .

title: Utility of intraoperative @entity461 for XXXX due to @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['MGD', 'single-gland disease', 'multigland disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['success or failure']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) is an aggressive @entity5 . Because of the rarity of the @entity5 and its recognized high risk of recurrence, there are no guidelines for its treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Published articles in PubMed Central were carefully reviewed. Data from 48 @entity1 obtained from 30 individual articles were added to our 3 cases, producing a total number of 51 cases of @entity1491 . A clinical database was established in order to define the behavior of this @entity5 , prognostic factors and optimal treatment. RESULTS: @entity1491 mostly occurs in elderly male @entity1 , with a peak incidence in the seventh decade of life. It develops as long-standing @entity5 with mean disease duration of 14.5 years and is most commonly located on the back, followed by the face and upper extremity. The most common histological subtype is nodular. The average size at presentation is 14.77 cm in its largest diameter. The presence of @entity3 at the time of presentation represents the most significant adverse prognostic factor. Local recurrence or @entity3 develops in 38.3% of @entity1 despite optimal therapy. The overall reported cure rate is 61.7% by a mean follow-up of 2 years. Wide local excision of the @entity5 with or without postoperative radiochemotherapy represents the optimal treatment. CONCLUSION: Optimal management of @entity1491 consists of wide local excision with histologically confirmed @entity5 -free margins, frequently followed by adjuvant therapy. In cases of lymphatic spread, a regional lymphadenectomy is also necessary. In addition, consideration should be given to a close and long-term follow-up because of the high rate of locoregional recurrence.

title: XXXX : clinicopathological analysis of 51 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'dermal tumor', 'malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['GBCC', 'Giant basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['Giant Basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Between 1956 and 1988, 25 @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy for @entity2012 . Acromegalic features were present in 24 (96%), @entity227 in 4 (16%), and suprasellar extension was present in 7 @entity1 (28%). The median @entity2124 level was 40.2 ng/ml (range: 13.8-105) in 15 @entity1 . Initial therapy consisted of radiotherapy alone (19 @entity1 ) or surgery followed at some interval by radiation (6 @entity1 ). The radiation therapy was administered with megavoltage equipment in 23 (92%) @entity1 and orthovoltage equipment in 2 @entity1 . The median total dose was 46 Gy (range: 24-53.44 Gy) with 21 @entity1 receiving at least 45 Gy. With a median follow-up of 53 months (range: 18-205), 2 of the 19 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy alone have required surgery for symptomatic recurrences. Both are alive and in remission at 69 and 158 months following craniotomy. Thus, the success of radiotherapy as a primary modality in this series is 17/19 (89%). None of the six @entity1 treated postoperatively have recurred. At the time of last follow-up the visual fields remained normal and visual acuity stable in the 21 @entity1 with no pre-existing @entity227 . The four @entity1 with prior @entity227 improved with therapy. There were no cases of radiation @entity1781 , brain @entity39 or second @entity5 . Seven @entity1 (28%) had evidence of @entity4614 attributed to the radiotherapy. @entity2124 levels after radiotherapy showed a median of 5.4 ng/ml (range: 3.2-40.0) in 15 @entity1 . Eleven of 15 @entity1 (73%) had @entity2124 levels less than 10 ng/ml. Radiation use in @entity2012 remains a safe and effective modality assuming careful attention is paid to technique, total dose, and fraction size.

title: Results of radiotherapy in the treatment of XXXX : lack of ophthalmologic complications.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficits', 'visual field deficits']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among @entity1 with @entity712 , @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors reduce mortality and hospitalization, but the role of a @entity916 inhibitor in such @entity1 is unknown. We compared the @entity1289 inhibitor @entity4688 with the @entity916 inhibitor aliskiren (to test superiority or at least noninferiority) and with the combination of the two treatments (to test superiority) in @entity1 with @entity712 and a reduced ejection fraction. METHODS: After a single-blind run-in period, we assigned @entity1 , in a double-blind fashion, to one of three groups: 2336 @entity1 were assigned to receive @entity4688 at a dose of 5 or 10 mg twice daily, 2340 to receive aliskiren at a dose of 300 mg once daily, and 2340 to receive both treatments (combination therapy). The primary composite outcome was @entity204 from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization for @entity712 . RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 36.6 months, the primary outcome occurred in 770 @entity1 (32.9%) in the combination-therapy group and in 808 (34.6%) in the @entity4688 group (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.03). The primary outcome occurred in 791 @entity1 (33.8%) in the aliskiren group (hazard ratio vs. @entity4688 , 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.10); the prespecified test for noninferiority was not met. There was a higher risk of @entity551 symptoms in the combination-therapy group than in the @entity4688 group (13.8% vs. 11.0%, P=0.005), as well as higher risks of an elevated serum @entity1011 level (4.1% vs. 2.7%, P=0.009) and an elevated @entity972 level (17.1% vs. 12.5%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity712 , the addition of aliskiren to @entity4688 led to more adverse events without an increase in benefit. Noninferiority was not shown for aliskiren as compared with @entity4688 . (Funded by Novartis; ATMOSPHERE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00853658.).

title: Aliskiren, @entity4688 , or Aliskiren and @entity4688 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting-enzyme']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: Between August 1982 and December 1986, 56 @entity1 survived implantation of an extracardiac valved conduit for complex @entity299 . The mean age at operation was 4.2 years (16 days to 24 yrs) and the mean weight was 15.9 kg (2.4 to 93.0 kg). The diagnosis was @entity1146 ( @entity1146 ) with @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) in 13 @entity1 , tetralogy of Fallot in 11, @entity3886 (TGA) with @entity1757 in 8, truncus arteriosus, in 7, complex left @entity3585 (LVOTO) in 6, complex left @entity340 in 4, double outlet right ventricle with @entity1757 and subaortic obstruction in 3, univentricular heart with @entity849 in 2, TGA with LVOTO in 1, and @entity1146 with intact ventricular septum in 1. In 35 @entity1 , a preclotted conventional Dacron conduit (CDC) with bioprosthetic valve was used, in 19 @entity1 a collagen-sealed Tascon valved conduit (TC) was implanted, and in 1 @entity1 an aortic homograft was used. In a mean follow-up of 32.5 months (9 to 64 mo), there were two deaths (2/56, 3.6%) that were not related to the conduit. All survivors have been evaluated by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, and 29/56 (51.8%) underwent cardiac catheterization. Nine @entity1 (9/56, 16.1%) underwent successful valved conduit replacement, in seven cases with a nonvalved conduit. There was a significant difference (P = .011) with regard to the incidence of conduit replacement between the group with CDC (2/36, 5.5%) and the group with TC (7/19, 36.8%). Five @entity1 underwent percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of the prosthetic conduit, with adequate relief of the gradient in four @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term results after extracardiac valved conduits implanted for complex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia', 'PA']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve obstruction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: @entity12692 is a rare @entity5 involving lymph node tissues; a case of benign localized disease and a case of rapid progressive @entity66 are reported. Case report 1: A 19-year-old @entity1 presented with four months of hypogastric and left @entity158 . @entity12692 was suspected after CT-scan. A CT-guided fine-needle biopsy of the lesion was performed revealing hyaline vascular type @entity12692 . The @entity1 underwent open surgery with radical excision of the lesion. No adjuvant therapy was performed after surgery. The @entity1 is alive and disease-free after 24 months. Case report 2: A 58-year-old @entity1 presented with a right axillary palpable lymph node and vague abdominal discomfort. Abdomen CT demonstrated @entity828 associated with @entity3018 at the hepatic hilus and @entity4558 hilus; dilatation of intra-hepatic biliary ducts was present. The axillary node was excised, the mass at hepatic hilus was biopsied. The diagnosis was @entity12692 in both sites. In course of @entity134 therapy retroperitoneal multiple nodes appeared associated with fast-progressive @entity3883 and @entity1578 . Progressive @entity881 arose within 1 week, with irreversible clinical worsening to @entity204 .

title: Report of two cases of @entity12692 : a case of benign localized disease and a case of fast progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['mechanic jaundice']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multicentric disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['iliac pain']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['multicentric disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity717 is currently the subject of considerable debate for two reasons: firstly as a strategy for @entity158 treatment, and secondly because of the difficulty in determining equianalgesic doses. Switching from one slow-release (SR) opioid analgesic to another raises a number of critical issues, and there are no widespread studies that support a standard protocol. Initiation of opioid therapy must consider gradual dose titration of the drug until the minimum effective and maximum tolerated dosage for each @entity1 is found. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SR @entity717 after a stabilization period with normal-release (NR) @entity1286 ('start therapy') in @entity1 with @entity5 not controlled with their current SR opioid. METHODS: This is a multicentre, open-label, prospective study. A total of 326 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled who were affected by chronic @entity5 that was not controlled by an SR opioid administered as either monotherapy or in combination with other analgesic drugs. Following start therapy with oral NR @entity1286 at a dosage of 5 mg or 10 mg every 4 hours, rotation to an SR opioid of a different type from that previously administered was carried out. RESULTS: After about 3 days of start therapy with NR @entity1286 , rotation to an SR opioid allowed a significant decrease of both baseline @entity158 and daily episodes of @entity158 . No significant difference was detected between dosages and type of opioid administered, both prior to and after the start therapy period with NR @entity1286 . CONCLUSIONS: Rotation to another opioid preceded by a brief period of opioid receptor resetting by start therapy with NR @entity1286 allows a good level of @entity158 control and avoids rotation to inappropriate opioid dosages or combinations analgesics.

title: Effects of @entity717 in chronic pain XXXX : ORTIBARN study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer or non-cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['opioid rotation', 'Opioid rotation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is a major form of adult @entity1313 with relatively poor prognosis and high mortality. @entity2903 ( @entity2904 )-based chemotherapy following neurosurgery and radiotherapy has been suggested as the first line of treatment and is proven to effectively prolong overall survival and enhance @entity1 quality of life. However, not all @entity1 benefit from this treatment because of drug resistance. Even @entity1 with @entity2904 -sensitive @entity463 may become resistant, which is partly due to the restoration of activity of the DNA repair enzyme @entity8634 -DNA-methyltransferase ( @entity8724 ); thus, @entity1 cannot evade eventual @entity5 recurrence. The cellular activity of @entity8724 is the most important determinant of @entity2904 -resistance. However, some @entity1 with a low level of activated @entity8724 are also @entity2904 -resistant. The aberrant expression of @entity29475 , one of the 39 class I homeobox genes, is a marker of poor prognosis, and its level gradually increases with histologic malignant progression, shorter time to overall survival (OS) and free progression survival (FPS) in @entity11 @entity1 , which further supports an oncogenic role for @entity29475 in @entity11 . The @entity29475 - @entity10412 signalling pathway is an important mechanism in @entity463 that is independent of @entity8724 promoter methylation status. The DNA binding sites of @entity29476 ( @entity29476 ) can overlap with the @entity29475 promoter through the "AATC" versus "GATT" core sequence. The competition for this binding site inhibits the expression of @entity29475 and induces different transcriptional outcomes, which suggests a new direction for investigation of the mechanism underlying targeted therapy of @entity11 .

title: Potential roles for XXXX in the pathogenesis and proliferation of @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity8634 :: ('MESH:C008449', 'Chemical') :: ['O(6)-methylguanine']

entities_list: @entity29476 :: ('2672', 'Gene') :: ['growth factor independent-1', 'Gfi1']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma multiforme']

answer: @entity29476 :: (2672,Gene) :: ['Gfi1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine early adolescent outcome of @entity71 in local Chinese @entity1 . DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: A university teaching hospital in Hong Kong. @entity1 : A cohort of Chinese @entity1 with @entity71 diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 (4th edition) who attended a day hospital between January 1998 and December 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data on psychopathology, @entity4207 attainment, delinquency, substance use, and other psychosocial functioning collected from multiple informants and official records. Performances of subjects were compared with a group of community controls. RESULTS: A total of 150 @entity1 with @entity71 were reassessed 6 years after initial intake assessment (mean age, 14 years; follow-up rate, 86%). Compared with the controls, their externalising and internalising disturbances were 4 and 1.5 times more common, respectively. Adolescents with @entity71 were more likely to smoke cigarettes and use illicit drugs. Their @entity4207 attainment was below age norms with more than one fourth repeating grades; 7% of them had been arrested by the police compared with none of the controls. They faced more difficulties in the family environment and social problem-solving. There were discrepancies between parent and @entity1 reports about their @entity71 symptoms, and officially recorded youth reports of delinquency. CONCLUSION: Local Chinese @entity1 with @entity71 are at significant risk of multiple forms of adolescent maladjustment. Their outcome profile is similar to that reported in the West.

title: Early adolescent outcome of XXXX in a Chinese population: 5-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent publications suggest that increased mortality is associated with high hematocrit targets in @entity1307 -stimulating agent-treated @entity1 with @entity740 . We aim to further inform the debate about optimal hematocrit targets, advancing the hypothesis that the current hematocrit target may not optimize the survival of @entity1 with @entity454 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING _ @entity1 : Medicare dialysis @entity1 from 2002 to 2004 (n = 393,967). FACTORS: Quarterly average hematocrit and @entity1307 alfa ( @entity1307 ) dose. OUTCOMES: Mortality hazard ratios from time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for comorbidities. RESULTS: N = 2,712,197 @entity1 -facility quarters. During the study, 100,086 @entity204 were identified. Percentages of @entity1 quarters within each hematocrit category: hematocrit less than 27% (2.0%), 27% to 28.49% (1.7%), 28.5% to 29.9% (2.9%), 30% to 31.49% (5.2%), 31.5% to 32.99% (9.0%), 33% to 34.49% (14.9%), 34.5% to 35.99% (19.2%), 36% to 37.49% (18.0%), 37.5% to 38.99% (12.0%), 39% to 40.49% (6.4%), 40.5% to 41.99% (3.0%), and 42% or greater (3.1%). Mortality hazard ratios from the fully adjusted model: hematocrit less than 27% (3.11), 27% to 28.49% (2.60), 28.5% to 29.9% (2.14), 30% to 31.49% (1.80), 31.5% to 32.99% (1.44), 33% to 34.49% (1.17), 34.5% to 35.99% (reference), 36% to 37.49% (0.98), 37.5% to 38.99% (1.01), 39% to 40.49% (1.13), 40.5% to 41.99% (1.32), and 42% or greater (1.57). LIMITATIONS: First, potential confounding by indication related to associations between underlying illness and mortality, @entity417 , and @entity1307 responsiveness. Second, Medicare claims data reflect a range of conditions and degrees of severity not easily translated into the clinical context. Third, for Medicare claims, @entity1307 reporting is not required if @entity1307 is not billed. Greater than 95% of "missing hematocrit" quarters are " @entity1307 = 0" @entity1 quarters. Interpretation of results for the missing hematocrit and @entity1307 = 0 use categories is complicated by data source limitations. CONCLUSIONS: We show an association between mortality and low hematocrit in dialysis @entity1 , in part reflecting the presence of comorbidities. We also show an association between increased mortality and high hematocrit. Additional interventional trials should be undertaken to better define the optimal target for @entity417 management in @entity1 with @entity454 , with careful prospective identification of underlying comorbidities and clinical factors contributing to high @entity1307 -stimulating agent requirement.

title: Association of quarterly average achieved hematocrit with mortality in dialysis XXXX : a time-dependent comorbidity-adjusted model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acute occlusion of the proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) can lead to rapid development of fatal @entity4 and @entity385 . Decompressive surgery, if performed early in this subpopulation of @entity1 , can reduce mortality and result in a favorable outcome. In this article, we describe our surgical approach for treating @entity2500 and compare it with other management strategies. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of @entity1 who developed acute occlusion of the proximal MCA and underwent aggressive surgical decompression (large craniectomy, anterior temporal lobectomy, resection of infarcted tissue, and duraplasty). The outcome of this management strategy is compared with the previously published outcomes of hemicraniectomy and dural augmentation. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were included in the study. The group consisted of six @entity1 and six @entity1 (mean age, 46.8 yr). Nine @entity1 had right @entity2500 , and three had @entity2500 . The causes of the @entity64 were cardioembolic, @entity432 , and others. The interval between @entity1188 and clinical evidence of @entity3976 varied from 24 hours to 10 days. Two @entity1 died, five were independent or had moderate disabilities, and five had severe disability. CONCLUSION: Surgical decompression consisting of a large craniectomy, anterior temporal lobectomy, resection of infarcted tissue, and duraplasty is beneficial to a significant number of @entity1 with massive @entity2500 and clinical signs of @entity3976 .

title: Clinical course and surgical management of massive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['malignant MCA syndrome', 'left MCA infarction', 'MCA stroke']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic, small-vessel occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: The aim of this investigation was to develop fast dissolving tablet of @entity11358 . A combination of super disintegrants, i.e., @entity31136 (SSG) and crosscarmellose @entity1372 (CCS) were used along with @entity9679 as a subliming material. An optimized concentration of @entity9679 was added to aid the porosity of the tablet. A 3(2) full factorial design was applied to investigate the combined effect of two formulation variables: Amount of SSG and CCS. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy was performed to identify the physicochemical interaction between drug and polymer. IR spectroscopy showed that there is no interaction of drug with polymer. In the present study, direct compression was used to prepare the tablets. The powder mixtures were compressed into tablet using flat face multi punch tablet machine. @entity9679 was sublimed from the tablet by exposing the tablet to vacuum drier at 60  C for 12 hours. All the formulations were evaluated for their characteristics such as average weight, @entity3358 , wetting time, friability, content uniformity, dispersion time (DT), and dissolution rate. An optimized tablet formulation ( @entity4682 ) was found to have good @entity3358 of 3.30    0.10 kg/cm(2), wetting time of 42.33    4.04 seconds, DT of 34.67    1.53 seconds, and cumulative drug release of not less than 99% in 16 minutes.

title: Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of XXXX using superdisintegrant blends and subliming material.

entities_list: @entity9679 :: ('MESH:D002164', 'Chemical') :: ['Camphor', 'camphor']

entities_list: @entity31136 :: ('MESH:C048390', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium starch glycolate']

entities_list: @entity11358 :: ('MESH:D002936', 'Chemical') :: ['cinnarizine']

answer: @entity11358 :: (MESH:D002936,Chemical) :: ['cinnarizine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with @entity5 thrombus (mPVTT) has a poor prognosis even after surgical resection. Whether neoadjuvant radiotherapy improves surgical outcomes is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the survival of @entity1 with resectable @entity157 and mPVTT who underwent neoadjuvant therapy to those who underwent surgery alone. METHODS: A non-randomized comparative study was performed. For @entity1 in the neoadjuvant radiotherapy group, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was administrated with a daily fraction of 300  cGy in 6 consecutive days. Hepatectomy was carried out 4 weeks after completion of irradiation. RESULTS: 95 @entity1 were enrolled into this study. In the neoadjuvant radiotherapy group (n  =  45), 12 @entity1 showed gross radiological reduction in extent of PVTT. In 6 @entity1 , the extent of PVTT was reduced to be within the ipsilateral side of the portal vein. When compared with @entity1 who underwent surgery alone (n  =  50), neoadjuvant radiotherapy significantly decreased the rates of @entity157 recurrence and @entity157 , with hazard ratios of 0.36 (95% CI, 0.19-0.70) and 0.32 (95% CI, 0.18-0.57), respectively. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with @entity157 with mPVTT, neoadjuvant radiotherapy before partial hepatectomy provided better postoperative survival outcomes than partial hepatectomy alone.

title: XXXX with @entity5 thrombus: a comparative study comparing hepatectomy with or without neoadjuvant radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['main portal vein tumor']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC-related death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is associated with an increased risk of incident @entity65 ( @entity65 ); however, the role of statins for the primary prevention of acute @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity740 and the effect of statins on kidney function loss in @entity1 without prevalent @entity65 have not been studied. STUDY DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of the Air Force/Texas @entity453 Prevention Study. SETTING _ @entity1 : Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 5,608 @entity1 and 997 @entity1 without @entity65 randomly assigned to treatment with @entity5753 or placebo. INTERVENTION: Placebo or @entity5753 , 20 mg/d. OUTCOMES _ MEASUREMENTS: First major acute cardiovascular event in @entity1 with mild @entity740 and kidney function loss in @entity1 with or without @entity740 . Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the 4-variable Modification of Diet in @entity8 Study equation. RESULTS: At baseline, mean estimated glomerular filtration rate in @entity1 with @entity740 (n = 304) was 53.0 +/- 6.0 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). After an average follow-up of 5.3 +/- 0.8 years, the incidence of a fatal and nonfatal @entity65 event was lower in @entity1 with @entity740 receiving @entity5753 than in those receiving placebo (adjusted relative risk [RR], 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13-0.72; P = 0.01). Tests for interaction suggested that the benefit of @entity5753 was independent of the presence of @entity740 . @entity5753 did not reduce the annualized mean decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (-1.3 +/- 0.07 vs -1.4 +/- 0.07 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)/y, respectively; P = 0.1) or the frequency of a > or = 25% decrease in kidney function (adjusted RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.96-1.28; P = 0.2) or incident @entity740 (adjusted RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.86-1.27; P = 0.6). LIMITATIONS: Unable to determine the cause and duration of @entity8 , and information regarding proteinuria was not available. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5753 is effective for the primary prevention of @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity740 , but is not effective in decreasing kidney function loss in @entity1 with no @entity65 .

title: Effect of XXXX on primary prevention of @entity65 in mild @entity740 and kidney function loss: a post hoc analysis of the Air Force/Texas @entity453 Prevention Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease', 'Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity5753 :: (MESH:D008148,Chemical) :: ['lovastatin']


abstract: Hepatocytes from control, @entity109 - and @entity11423 -treated @entity35 were cultured for 24 hr and then exposed to seven known hepatotoxins: @entity1882 , @entity1092 , @entity26981 , @entity26982 , @entity4446 and @entity26983 I and II. After a further 24 hr in culture, cell survival was determined by assaying mitochondrial reduction of @entity98 [ @entity2454 ]. All the compounds, except @entity26982 , were more toxic to hepatocytes cultured from @entity109 -treated @entity35 than to hepatocytes from either control or @entity11423 -treated @entity35 . The @entity137 of @entity26982 was increased to a similar extent by both inducers. Although to a lesser extent than @entity109 , @entity11423 treatment in vivo increased the @entity137 in vitro of all the other test compounds except @entity1092 and @entity1882 . In general the observed changes in @entity137 agreed with in vivo data in the literature. When @entity35 hepatocytes were treated in vitro with @entity109 or @entity11423 , @entity26982 was not toxic to either control or @entity109 -treated cultures, although some @entity137 was detected in the @entity11423 -treated cultures. Precocene II was not toxic to the control cultures but was toxic to both @entity109 - and @entity11423 -treated cultures. However, as with @entity26982 , the enhancement of @entity137 after induction in vitro, particularly with @entity109 , was much reduced compared with treatment in vivo. The results suggest that hepatocytes cultured from inducer-treated @entity35 can be used as a model for the investigation of P-450-mediated @entity137 in vitro.

title: The use of hepatocytes cultured from inducer-treated XXXX in the detection of cytochrome P-450-mediated @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity26981 :: ('MESH:C029060', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methylfuran']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11423 :: ('MESH:D019324', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-naphthoflavone']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1882 :: ('MESH:D002084', 'Chemical') :: ['butylated hydroxytoluene']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-thiopurine']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity26983 :: ('CHEBI:26220', 'Chemical') :: ['precocenes']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify the ocular comfort of a fixed topical combination of @entity15572 1% plus @entity6839 0.5% suspension vs. @entity15438 2% plus @entity6839 0.5% solution, both preserved with @entity3676 (BAK), in @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) through subjective and objective methods. BAK is the most commonly used preservative in @entity726 medications. METHODS: 62 subjects were examined and included in the analysis. Each @entity1 was asked to complete a questionnaire on symptoms (Ocular Surface Disease Index) and then underwent a series of examinations. The Ocular Protection Index evaluated the risk of damage to the ocular surface, and was expressed as the ratio between @entity941 breakup time and blinking interval. These and other analyses were repeated 30 days after instillation of the new eye drop treatment. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that @entity1 enrolled with the preserved fixed combination of @entity15438 or @entity15572 represented a subgroup of @entity1 in which the discomfort symptoms were supposedly justified by the presence of BAK used chronically in antihypertensive drops. @entity2194 scores were significantly higher with @entity15438 / @entity6839 than @entity15572 / @entity6839 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This work shows the better tolerability of @entity15572 1% plus @entity6839 0.5% suspension, compared with @entity15438 2% plus @entity6839 0.5% solution. Fortunately, some of the adverse reactions induced by preserved eye @entity726 medication are reversible after removing the preservatives. Both the potential for added benefit and @entity1 compliance should be considered when selecting ocular @entity551 therapy.

title: Fixed topical combinations in glaucomatous XXXX and @entity2194 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15572 :: ('MESH:C111827', 'Chemical') :: ['brinzolamide']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular discomfort']

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['dorzolamide']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['drop glaucoma', 'topical glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity3676 :: ('MESH:D001548', 'Chemical') :: ['benzalkonium chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']