abstract: @entity6017 is an uncommon @entity5442 associated with cutaneous manifestations. It may also occur as @entity8231 associated with various @entity5 , most common of which being lung, breast, stomach, rectum, kidney, or @entity5 . A postmenopausal @entity1 presented to us with generalized itching along with @entity1910 and proximal @entity425 of 2 years' duration. Examination revealed heliotrope rash and mechanic hands and muscle power 2/5 in proximal muscle groups of both upper and lower limbs. A clinical diagnosis of @entity6017 was made which was supported by raised @entity880 dehydrogenase levels and skin biopsy findings. Past history was significant for @entity3556 per vagina. Further work-up revealed @entity189 and she was referred to oncology department for further management. Temporal relationship and improvement of @entity425 with treatment of underlying @entity5 supported its paraneoplastic nature. So, final diagnosis of @entity957 with @entity6017 was made. A nationwide cohort study of 1,012 @entity1 with @entity6017 in Taiwan revealed only 3 @entity1 with @entity5 . So this case is being reported for its rare association with @entity189 and to highlight the need of detailed evaluation for underlying @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity6017 .

title: @entity6017 with XXXX : a rare clinical association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatomyositis', 'dermatomyositis', 'paraneoplastic dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myopathy']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal discharge and bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'neoplasm', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of cervix']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma cervix']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndrome']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma cervix']


abstract: The roles of @entity376 -54 (K54) and @entity2227 -192 (E192) of @entity1 @entity21641 dehydrogenase (E3) in stabilizing the @entity7484 -FAD intermediate during electron transfer were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Recombinant @entity1 E3s, wild-type, @entity50131 , S53K54-K53S54 (SK-KS), and @entity67132 , were overexpressed, purified, and characterized. Only @entity50131 and SK-KS E3s had about 25% less bound FAD compared to wild-type, implicating that K54 is crucial for the protein-FAD interaction. The specific activities of all mutant E3s were markedly decreased (<5% wild-type). In the case of @entity50131 E3, the Km for @entity16336 in the reverse reaction was increased by about twofold. Surprisingly, for both SK-KS and @entity67132 E3s, the Kms for both @entity21641 (forward reaction) and @entity16336 (reverse reaction) were markedly reduced. The catalytic rate constants (kcat/Km) for both reactions for SK-KS E3 were significantly lower than wild-type, indicating that K54 is crucial for the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Fluorescence spectral analyses showed that the FAD in E3s were reduced by the addition of @entity21641 , and that its reoxidation by @entity2125 + in the mutant E3s was slower than wild-type E3. Interestingly, in @entity50131 E3 @entity21641 reduced FAD efficiently only when @entity2125 + was present, indicating that K54 stabilizes the @entity7484 - @entity10697 interaction. The lack of the formation of @entity7484 -FAD intermediate in the absence of @entity2125 + in @entity50131 E3 was also confirmed by CD spectra. The SK-KS mutation demonstrates that the correct sequence of residues is as critical as the nature of the @entity535 residues. These results suggest that K54 plays an important role in stabilizing the @entity7484 -FAD intermediate during the electron transfer in the reaction, and E192 is involved in maintaining correct orientation of K54 during catalysis.

title: Site-directed mutagenesis of @entity1 XXXX dehydrogenase: role of @entity376 -54 and @entity2227 -192 in stabilizing the @entity7484 -FAD intermediate.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity21641 :: ('MESH:C007409', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrolipoamide']

entities_list: @entity16336 :: ('MESH:C013091', 'Chemical') :: ['lipoamide']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity50131 :: ('p|SUB|K|54|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K54E']

entities_list: @entity7484 :: ('CHEBI:50539', 'Chemical') :: ['thiolate']

answer: @entity21641 :: (MESH:C007409,Chemical) :: ['dihydrolipoamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Live donor liver transplantation (LDLT) mandates conversance in liver anatomy and major hepatectomy. @entity157 is most reliably treated by hepatectomy. HYPOTHESIS: The outcomes of major @entity157 are influenced by the surgeon's LDLT experience. DESIGN: We collected prospective cohort study data on @entity1 and disease characteristics. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : A retrospective study was performed on 250 @entity1 who underwent major @entity157 from January 16, 1996, through December 28, 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall and disease-free survival and outcomes including @entity190 , blood transfusion, and complications. RESULTS: The 3 liver transplantation surgeons (LTSs) performed 102 major hepatectomies; the 4 hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeons (HBPSs), 148 major hepatectomies. @entity1 in both groups had similar baseline characteristics. The mean +/- SD @entity190 in the LTS and HBPS groups was 1.36 +/- 1.37 and 2.21 +/- 2.40 L, respectively (P<.001). The mean +/- SD blood transfusion in the LTS and HBPS groups was 0.27 +/- 0.82 and 0.51 +/- 0.94 L, respectively (P =.001). Fewer @entity1 in the LTS group required blood transfusion (17/102 [16.7%]; HBPS group, 57/148 [38.5%]; P<.001). We found no difference in overall and disease-free survival between the groups. The median overall survival was 55.8 months for the nontransfused group, and 34.3 months for the transfused group (P =.06). Median disease-free survival was 16.1 months for the nontransfused group compared with 12.4 months for the transfused group (P =.25). Cox regression multivariate analysis showed that transfusion, @entity82 , and @entity3 worsened overall survival. @entity3 , @entity82 , and @entity5 size adversely affected disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: The LTS group lost less blood and required less blood transfusions than the HBPS group. Blood transfusion worsened overall survival. The significantly lower blood transfusion requirement of the LTS group contributes to a potential advantage in their overall survival.

title: Value of live donor liver transplantation experience in major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['venous invasion', 'Venous invasion']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: Body image refers to a @entity1 's sense of their physical appearance and body function. A negative body image self-evaluation may result in @entity409 . @entity30 and @entity31 are associated with disabling features, and body image dissatisfaction is a concern for many @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ). However, no study has assessed body image and its comorbidities in @entity1 with @entity29 using validated instruments. Our aim was to explore body image dissatisfaction in @entity1 with @entity29 and assess its relationship with biological and psychosocial variables. METHODS:: We studied 330 @entity1 (median age, 36 yr; range, 18-83; 169 @entity1 ) using quantitative and qualitative methods. @entity1 completed a self-administered questionnaire that included a modified Hopwood Body Image Scale, the Cash Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire, and other validated instruments. Clinical and disease activity data were also collected. RESULTS:: Body image dissatisfaction was associated with disease activity (P < 0.001) and @entity134 treatment (P = 0.03) but not with immunotherapy (P = 0.57) or biological (P = 0.55) therapy. Body image dissatisfaction was also associated with low levels of general (P < 0.001) and @entity29 -specific (P < 0.001) quality of life, self-esteem (P < 0.001), and sexual satisfaction (P < 0.001), and with high levels of @entity308 (P < 0.001). Qualitative analysis indicated that @entity1 were concerned about both physical and psychosocial consequences of body image dissatisfaction, including @entity134 side effects and impaired work and social activities. CONCLUSIONS:: Body image dissatisfaction is common in @entity1 with @entity29 , relates to specific clinical variables and is associated with significant @entity458 . Its measurement is warranted as part of a comprehensive @entity1 -centered @entity29 assessment.

title: Body Image Dissatisfaction: Clinical Features, and Psychosocial Disability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety (P < 0.001) and depression']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 is amongst the most chemoresistant @entity5 . Expression of the @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) enzyme plays a major role in @entity5 progression and resistance to therapy. A Phase II study was undertaken to determine the effect of @entity136 by fixed-dose rate infusion (FDR), @entity900 and the @entity3840 inhibitor, @entity12698 , on the 6-month survival rate in @entity1 with metastatic @entity788 . METHODS: The eligibility criteria included a pathologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity420 . No prior @entity136 therapy was allowed. @entity1 received a combination of @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) over 100 minutes, @entity900 35 mg/m(2) I.V. on days 1 and 8, and @entity12698 continuously at a daily dose of 800 mg. Cycles were repeated every 21 days. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 with metastatic @entity788 were enrolled (median age, 59.5 years; M:F, 13:9). The median number of cycles was 2 per @entity1 . The median survival time was 5.8 months (90% CI, 3.6-7.6 months). The probability of survival at 6 months was 46% (90% CI, 27-62%). The major @entity137 was @entity1398 with grade 3 or 4 @entity137 seen in 65% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity12698 to @entity136 (by FDR) and @entity900 did not appear to increase activity of the chemotherapy doublet in @entity1 with advanced @entity788 . @entity12698 alone may not be sufficient to sensitize @entity788 to the effects of conventional cytotoxic therapy.

title: A phase II study of @entity12698 , XXXX , and @entity900 in advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The true incidence and biological behavior of @entity1358 are not known. To our knowledge we present the largest series of @entity1 with @entity1358 with long-term followup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the Mayo Clinic surgical pathology files of @entity1358 cases with a cystic component resected from 1969 to 1997, and arbitrarily chose 75% @entity5 involvement by cysts as a cutoff for inclusion in the study. RESULTS: We identified 24 cases of @entity1358 with 75% or greater involvement by cysts comprising 0.79% of 3,047 @entity1358 cases resected at our institution between 1969 and 1997. Mean @entity1 age was 62.7 years (range 40 to 83). A total of 11 @entity1 (46%) underwent radical nephrectomy, 4 (17%) simple nephrectomy, 3 (12%) partial nephrectomy and 6 (25%) @entity5 enucleation. Mean @entity5 involvement by cysts was 84% (range 75 to 95) and in 11 cases (46%) involvement was 90% or greater. @entity5 stage was T1 in 20 @entity1 (83%), T2 in 1 (4.4%) and T3a in 4 (12.5%). @entity5 were diploid in all but 1 case. Mean followup was 77.6 months (range 8 to 428, median 51). A total of 22 @entity1 (92%) had no evidence of @entity5 and 2 died of intercurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that @entity1358 is uncommon and usually cured by resection, regardless of size, stage or number of cysts. These @entity1 may benefit from nephron sparing surgery, such as partial nephrectomy.

title: XXXX is cured by resection: a study of 24 cases with long-term followup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['cystic renal cell carcinoma', 'clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Cystic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the association between change in @entity79 ( @entity79 ) over 4 years and risk of hip and @entity174 differs according to an individual's history of falls. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. SETTING: Framingham, Massachusetts. @entity1 : Individuals with two measures of @entity79 at the femoral neck (mean age 78.8; 310 male, 492 female). MEASUREMENTS: Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between percentage change in @entity79 (per sex-specific standard deviation) and risk of incident hip and @entity174 . Models were stratified based on history of falls (>= 1 falls in the past year) and recurrent falls (>= 2 falls) ascertained at the time of the second @entity79 test. Interactions were tested by including the term "fall history * change in @entity79 " in the models. RESULTS: Mean change in @entity79 was -0.6%/year; 27.8% of @entity1 reported falls, and 10.8% reported recurrent falls. Seventy-six incident hip and 175 incident nonvertebral fractures occurred over a median follow-up of 9.0 years. There was no difference in the association between change in @entity79 and @entity173 according to history of falls (P for interaction = .57). The HR associated with change in @entity79 and @entity174 was 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-1.56) in @entity1 without a history of falls and 0.95 (95% CI 0.70-1.28) in those with a fall (interaction P = .07). Results for recurrent fallers were similar. CONCLUSION: The effect of @entity79 on risk of @entity174 may be greater in @entity1 without a history of falls. It is possible that change in @entity79 contributes less to @entity174 risk when a strong risk factor for @entity174 , such as falls, is present.

title: Changes in bone mineral density may predict the risk of XXXX differently in older adults according to fall history.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['BMD', 'bone mass density', 'BMD loss']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['nonvertebral fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore whether sense of coherence (SOC) is stable over time after @entity1230 . The associations between SOC and satisfaction with life as a whole, as well as aspects of psychological well-being, were explored. Finally, an overriding aim was to assess whether SOC has long-term prognostic value for global life satisfaction or psychological well-being. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital. SUBJECTS: Twenty-six subjects with severe @entity1230 , without @entity51 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaires that were answered at admission, at discharge and at follow-up 1-3 years after @entity130 were: Sense of Coherence Scale 13 items (SOC-13), satisfaction with life as a whole, General Health Questionnaire 20 items (GHQ-20), @entity148 and @entity308 Scale (HAD). RESULTS: While median SOC scores were fairly stable, individual scores were not stable over time, and for some subjects showed large variations. SOC score had neither long-term prognostic value for satisfaction with life as a whole nor for psychological well-being, at least not in the first years after severe @entity1230 . However, SOC was closely associated with overall life satisfaction when measured simultaneously. Furthermore, a weak SOC correlated with scores on psychological distress, @entity148 and @entity308 . SOC scores were also significantly related to being or not being in a state of @entity148 , but not to being or not being depressed. Global life satisfaction was considerably reduced from before @entity130 (reported at admission) to the time of follow-up. CONCLUSION: SOC was not stable over time after severe @entity1230 . SOC measured at admission could neither predict future satisfaction with life as a whole nor future psychological well-being. Measured simultaneously, overall life satisfaction and occurrence of @entity148 were significantly associated with SOC.

title: Is sense of coherence stable after XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological deficits']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Hospital Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

answer: @entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['multiple trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The expression of @entity2931 receptor (ER) a characterises a subset of @entity0 associated with good response to endocrine therapy. However, the clinical significance of the second ER, ERb1, and its splice variant ERbcx is still unclear. METHODS: We here report an assessment of @entity1782 , ERb1 and ERbcx by immunohistochemistry using quantitative digital image analysis of 340 primary @entity5 and corresponding sentinel lymph nodes. RESULTS: No differences were seen in ER levels in primary @entity5 vs lymph node @entity3 . ERb1 and ERbcx were equally distributed among age groups and @entity5 histological grades. Loss of ERb1 in the primary @entity5 was strongly associated with poor survival. Its prognostic impact was particularly evident in young @entity1 and in high-grade @entity5 . The worst outcome was seen in the @entity5 lacking both @entity1782 and ERb1. ERbcx expression in the primary @entity5 correlated with a higher risk of lymph node @entity3 , and with poor survival when expressed in sentinel node lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals highly significant although antagonising roles of ERb1 and ERbcx in @entity0 . Consequently, we suggest that the histopathological assessment of ERb1 is of value as a prognostic and potentially predictive biomarker.

title: XXXX receptors b1 and bcx have divergent roles in @entity0 survival and lymph node @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['Oestrogen']


abstract: Exogenous secretin and @entity8586 ( @entity6140 ) have been shown to stimulate the growth of the exocrine pancreas. To conclude that a hormone produces an effect under normal physiological conditions, one must demonstrate that the endogenous hormone also produces the action in question. To release endogenous secretin 0.01 N @entity5828 was continuously infused into the duodenums of eight @entity35 for 5 days. Sixteen animals were prepared with catheters inserted 1 cm below the pylorus. The other eight animals were infused with PO4 buffer, pH 7.5. The infusion rate for both groups was 2 ml/h. Animals were killed at the end of 5 days, and the oxyntic gland mucosa and pancreas were examined. Pancreatic weights, DNA synthesis, DNa, RNA, and protein content were significantly increased in @entity35 receiving acid. An identical experiment was set up to release endogenous @entity6140 . In this experiment eight @entity35 received a solution containing 50 mM @entity815 and 50 mM @entity2340 . The controls received the caloric equivalent in @entity413 . At the end of 1 wk the pancreases of the @entity35 infused with @entity1522 averaged 405 (P < 0.001) heavier than the controls. Similar increases occurred in DNA, RNA, and protein content. These studies suggest that endogenous secretin and @entity6140 can be released in amounts sufficient to stimulate growth.

title: Stimulation of pancreatic growth by intraduodenal XXXX and @entity5828 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: @entity2012 is a @entity395 that results in @entity204 . The excess mortality and morbidity are the result of prolonged elevation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I ( @entity442 ) levels, and vigorous control of these improves well-being and restores life expectancy to normal. Recognition of the benefits of treatment has emphasised the need for optimal control of the GH/ @entity442 axis. Transsphenoidal surgery is first-line therapy in the majority of @entity1 ; however, as most @entity5 are macroadenomas, cure rates are low. The role of radiotherapy is evolving and, although extremely effective at controlling @entity5 growth, it can take up to 15 years to control GH _ @entity442 levels. In the interim, medical therapy is necessary. @entity935 agonists are inexpensive oral agents but, although most @entity1 experience some benefit, GH and @entity442 levels are only normalised in around 35-40% of @entity1 , and side effects are common. @entity1943 analogues are the gold standard of medical treatment. They can induce @entity5 shrinkage in a proportion of @entity1 and can normalise the GH/ @entity442 axis (at best) in approximately 65% of individuals; however, this leaves a significant cohort uncontrolled. The advent of the @entity9045 antagonist pegvisomant provides the potential for @entity442 to be normalised in virtually every @entity1 , but this novel form of therapy, which does not act on the pituitary, also raises many questions.

title: Medical treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disabling disorder']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: For the property of persistent, bioaccumulation and genetic @entity137 , @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) is classified as a sort of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). It is significant to develop a novel assay for the determination of @entity14912 . In this work, we create a new colorimetric assay for @entity14912 in which the positively-charged gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) work as a nano-probe. This method works on the aggregation of AuNPs induced by @entity14912 via electrostatic interaction. The stable monodisperse AuNPs coated by @entity8488 present color of red wine and the addition of @entity14912 can make the monodispersed AuNPs aggregated resulting in the color change from wine red to reddish purple with a red-shift in ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum. The experimental results show that AuNPs has a characteristic absorption peak (524 nm), as well as a wide absorption peak (650 nm) and the absorption signal intensity is proportional to the @entity14912 content in a range of 0. 8-8. 0   mo .l @entity5022 . According to these, we developed a method based on ultraviolet-visible absorption and colorimetric to detect @entity14912 with the detection limit of 80 nmol . @entity5022 . The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was investigated and the photos show that the stable AuNPs are made and the degree of @entity1423 is related with @entity14912 concentration. The effect tests of coexisting substances in system show that common anions had less impact on the system and inorganic metal ions had some interference, which can be get rid of by cat- ion exchange resin in real sample. This assay was applied to detect @entity14912 in tap water with a recovery range of 87. 5%-118% and RSD 4. 4%. It is a novel application of AuNPs-based probe for @entity14912 detection. The proposed method has more advantages such as rapidity, low-cost and simplicity than conventional ones. In addition, it has the visual sensing function and the difference of color can be sensed by naked eyes directly, which produce ideas of real-time colorimetric strategies of nanoprobe application in environmental pollutant detection.

title: [Colorimetric assay of XXXX based on gold nanoparticles].

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['AuNPs aggregation']

entities_list: @entity8488 :: ('MESH:D003543', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteamine']

answer: @entity14911 :: (MESH:C076994,Chemical) :: ['perfluorooctanesulfonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A majority of @entity1 with @entity9451 , including both @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), present with @entity1442 due to a lack of specific symptoms and current diagnostic limitations, making this disease extremely difficult to detect. Our goal was to determine whether urinary matrix metalloproteases (uMMPs) and/or their endogenous inhibitors, urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases (uTIMPs), could be detected in the urine of @entity1 with @entity9451 and whether they may serve as independent predictors of disease status. METHODS: Retrospective analyses of urine samples (n=139) from @entity1124 and pNET @entity1 as well as age- and sex-matched controls were conducted. Urinary @entity1476 and uTIMP-1 levels were determined using ELISA and zymography. Biomarker expression in @entity5 and normal pancreatic tissues was analysed via immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that, when controlling for age and sex, uMMP-2 (P<0.0001) and uTIMP-1 (P<0.0001) but not uMMP-9, were significant independent predictors for distinguishing between @entity1124 @entity1 and healthy controls. Our data also indicated that uMMP-2 was an independent predictor of the presence of pNET. In addition, uTIMP-1 levels could differentiate the two @entity5 groups, @entity1124 and pNET, respectively. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed that @entity1476 and @entity2843 protein expression is significantly upregulated in @entity1124 tissue compared with the normal pancreas. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results suggest that the detection of uMMP-2 and uTIMP-1 may have diagnostic value in the detection of @entity9451 and that uTIMP-1 may be useful in distinguishing between pancreatic @entity5 .

title: Urinary XXXX and @entity1476 levels detect the presence of @entity9451 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumours', 'pNETs', 'cancer', 'pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity2843 :: (7076,Gene) :: ['TIMP-1']


abstract: @entity5274 are thought to increase the incidence of @entity1173 and several mechanisms that might cause this have been suggested. Some studies reported alterations in laryngeal elevation during swallowing, which they attributed to an anchoring effect of the tracheostomy tube resulting in @entity1282 . The purpose of the present study was to kinematically investigate the effect of tracheostomy on the swallowing process in dysphagic @entity1 . Thirteen @entity1 (7 males, 6 females; mean age  =  61.4  years) were prospectively enrolled between August 2008 and December 2009. The inclusion criteria for a @entity1 who had undergone tracheostomy were an ability to tolerate tube plugging for 48  h and the capacity to expectorate without assistance. All @entity1 underwent two videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS), before and after decannulation. We measured 21 time interval variables during swallowing in the pharyngeal phase and the extent of laryngeal elevation. No @entity1 exhibited any change in swallowing function status [Penetration  -  Aspiration Scale (PAS) (median value  =  1)] in the interval between the two VFSS tests. Upon kinematic analysis, no significant difference in any variable pertaining to laryngeal elevation or pharyngeal constriction was found when pre- and post-decannulation VFSS test data were compared (p  >  0.05). The present study thus showed that removal of a tracheostomy tube does not affect the kinematics of swallowing. Our results support previous findings that indicated no relationship between tracheostomy tube placement and @entity1282 .

title: Does removal of tracheostomy affect XXXX ? A kinematic analysis.

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['Tracheostomy tubes']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: A @entity2909 rarely causes @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ). In the present report, we describe a case of @entity5642 caused by @entity2909 . A 36-year-old nulliparous @entity1 presented with @entity931 and a lower abdominal mass. On magnetic resonance imaging, we detected a 14   cm uterine @entity5 , which was suspected to be a @entity242 . Blood tests at the preoperative examination indicated platelet count of 9.6   10(4)/ L, fibrin degradation product level of 107.1    g/mL (normal value, 0-5.0    g/mL), and @entity2002 level of 54   mg/dL (normal value, 129-271   mg/dL). Based on these findings, we diagnosed the @entity1 with @entity5642 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity12093 and fresh frozen plasma, but the @entity5642 did not show any improvement. Subsequently, a hysterectomy was performed, after which the @entity5642 improved. Clinicopathological findings indicated the presence of a @entity2909 with multiple vessels containing thromboemboli, and suggested that the @entity5642 was caused by the @entity2909 . Therefore, it is essential to consider that that a @entity2909 may be a cause of @entity5642 .

title: Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy caused by @entity2909 with XXXX -like findings on magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12093 :: ('MESH:C032855', 'Chemical') :: ['nafamostat mesilate']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['hypermenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['benign leiomyoma', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: From 1916 to 2011, an estimated total of 165   050   000 metric tons of @entity6701 ( @entity3759 ) pigment were produced worldwide. Current safety regulations on the usage of the @entity3759 pigment as an inactive ingredient additive in @entity1 food are based on legislation from 1969 and are arguably outdated. This article compiles new research results to provide fresh data for potential risk reassessment. However, even after 45 years, few scientific research reports have provided truly reliable data. For example, administration of very high doses of @entity3759 is not relevant to daily @entity1 uptake. Nevertheless, because dose makes the poison, the literature provides a valuable source for understanding potential @entity3759 @entity137 after oral ingestion. Numerous scientific articles have observed that @entity3759 can pass and be absorbed by the @entity1 gastrointestinal tract; can bioconcentrate, bioaccumulate, and biomagnify in the tissues of mammals and other vertebrates; has a very limited elimination rate; and can cause histopathological and physiological changes in various organs of animals. Such action is contrary to the 1969 decision to approve the use of @entity3759 as an inactive ingredient in @entity1 food without an established acceptable daily intake, stating that neither significant absorption nor tissue storage following ingestion of @entity3759 was possible. Thus, relevant governmental agencies should reassess the safety of @entity3759 as an additive in @entity1 food and consider establishing an acceptable maximum daily intake as a precautionary measure. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;9999:XX-XX.    2014 The Author. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

title: Critical review of public health regulations of XXXX , a @entity1 food additive.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['titanium dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study focuses on the refractive implications of @entity4068 in Malawi, which is mostly associated with the burden of @entity227 . The main goal was to describe the @entity2516 and to analyze whether @entity1 with @entity4068 in Malawi, Sub-Saharan Africa, benefit from refraction. METHODS: Age, sex, refractive data, uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity (UCVA, BCVA), colour vision, contrast sensitivity, and the prescription of sunglasses and low vision devices were collected for a group of 120 albino individuals with @entity16392 ( @entity16392 ). @entity2516 were evaluated objectively and subjectively by retinoscopy, and followed by cycloplegic refraction to reconfirm the results. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was also assessed binocularly. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty albino subjects were examined, ranging in age from 4 to 25  years (median 12  years), 71 (59  %) @entity1 and 49 (41  %) @entity1 . All exhibited @entity346 . Mean visual acuity improved from 0.98 (0.33) logMAR to 0.77 (0.15) logMAR after refraction (p   <   0.001). The best improvement of VA was achieved in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity1714 . @entity1 with @entity4068 who were hyperopic more than +1.5 D hardly improved from refraction. With the rule (WTR) @entity940 was more present (37.5  %) than against the rule (ATR) @entity940 (3.8  %). @entity1 with @entity940 less than 1.5 D improved in 15/32 of cases (47  %) by 2  lines or more. @entity1 with @entity940 equal to or more than 1.5 D in any @entity2270 improved in 26/54 of cases (48  %) by 2  lines or more. CONCLUSIONS: Refraction improves visual acuity of @entity1 with @entity16392 in a Sub-Saharan African population in Malawi. The mean improvement was 2 logMAR units.

title: @entity2516 , @entity227 , and the use of low-vision devices in XXXX in Malawi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['Refractive errors', 'refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity16392 :: ('MESH:D016115', 'Disease') :: ['OCA', 'oculocutaneous albinism']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['horizontal pendular nystagmus']

answer: @entity4068 :: (MESH:D000417,Disease) :: ['albinism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1377 of @entity1374 rarely arise @entity19967 . There are limited data on the immunohistochemical and molecular features of these @entity5 . Three cases of @entity1377 arising @entity19967 (PCSO) were identified. The clinicopathological features were reviewed and immunohistochemical staining for HBME-1, cytokeratin (CK) 19, and @entity2940 was performed. @entity5 DNA was sequenced for somatic mutations using a panel of 26 oncogenes, with a particular focus on @entity817 and @entity984 mutations. The @entity1 were aged 22, 48, and 55  years. All cases were FIGO stage IA. Two @entity5 were of classical histological type, and one was a follicular variant @entity1377 . All @entity5 expressed HBME-1 and two were positive for @entity4166 . @entity2940 was negative in all three cases. One @entity5 demonstrated a @entity817 @entity12414 mutation in exon 11, and in a second case, a @entity984 @entity34502 double base mutation in exon 3 was detected. These mutations have not been described previously in PCSO. No mutations were detected in the benign follicular components of the @entity5 adjacent to the malignant papillary tissue. None of the @entity1 had @entity5 recurrence on clinical follow-up (range 11  months to 8     years). HBME-1, @entity4166 , and @entity2940 are useful immunohistochemical markers of PCSO. Novel @entity817 and @entity984 mutations were identified in two of three @entity5 suggesting that mutations in PCSO may differ from those commonly identified in @entity1377 of the eutopic thyroid. The clinical significance of these mutations is uncertain but follow-up data in this small series support the generally good prognosis of PCSO.

title: Novel @entity817 and XXXX Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Arising in Struma Ovarii.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary carcinomas', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity19967 :: ('MESH:D013330', 'Disease') :: ['within struma ovarii', 'in struma ovarii']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity34502 :: ('p|SUB|Q|61|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q61K']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid type']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity101 ( @entity101 ) and @entity1556 ( @entity1556 ) were independent predictors of @entity65 . Urinary albumin leakage is a manifestation of generalized @entity1504 . @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) is a vasoactive peptide secreted by left ventricle in response to myocytic stretch. We aimed to investigate relationship between microalbuminuria (MA) and @entity3876 in untreated elevated blood pressures. METHODS: Of 105 untreated prehypertensive subjects (53 @entity1 , 52 @entity1 ), 100 @entity101 subjects (51 @entity1 , 49 @entity1 ) and 57 normotensive subjects (32 @entity1 , 25 @entity1 ) none had history of @entity6 . Urine albumin excretion was measured by immunoradiometric assay in morning urine sample. RESULTS: The prevalence of MA was higher in @entity101 group than in prehypertensive group and in normotensive group ( @entity101 group; 33.9%, prehypertensive; 25.9%, normotensive; 10%). Subjects with @entity101 had higher prevalence of microalbminuria; larger body mass index, higher levels of @entity1674 , blood @entity413 and creatinin were more common in subjects with @entity101 than in those with @entity1556 . In @entity101 group; @entity1 with microalbuminuria had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), @entity3876 , LVMI and lower @entity470 as compared to those without MA. MA was significantly correlated with LVMI, @entity3876 and SBP. In multivariate regression analysis, SBP (b: 0.361; P < 0.001), LVMII (b: 0.267; P = 0.011) and @entity3876 (b: 0.284; P = 0.005) were independent variables associated with MA in @entity101 . In prehypertensive group; @entity1 with microalbuminuria had higher SBP, @entity3876 , LVMI and lower @entity470 as compared to those without MA. MA was significantly correlated with LVMI, @entity3876 and SBP. In multivariate regression analysis, SBP (b: 0.264; P = 0.002), LVMI (b: 0.293; P = 0.001) and @entity3876 (b: 0.168; P = 0.045) were associated with MA in prehypertensives. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1556 and @entity101 , SBP, @entity3876 and LVMI are associated with MA. In the evaluation of increased blood pressures, in case of increased @entity3876 and LVMI, MA should be investigated even in prehypertensive stages. The subjects with increased blood pressures should get medical treatment to prevent the effects on vascular structure and myocardium even in prehypertensive phase.

title: Microalbuminuria in untreated XXXX and @entity101 without @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertensives', 'Hypertensive', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertension', 'preHT']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1556 :: (MESH:D058246,Disease) :: ['prehypertension']


abstract: The purpose of the current report is to describe the classification, treatment, and outcomes of a @entity1 with lumbar extension syndrome. The @entity1 was a 40-year-old female with an 18-month history of @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). The @entity1 reported a history of daily, intermittent @entity158 (mean intensity of 9/10) that limited her ability to sit, stand, walk, and sleep, as well as perform work-related activities. Symptom-provoking movement and @entity73 associated with the direction of lumbar extension were identified and modification of these impairments consistently resulted in a decrease in @entity158 . Treatment was provided in 3 sessions over a 2-month period. Priority of treatment was to train the @entity1 to restrict lumbar extension-related alignments and movements during symptom-provoking functional activities. Exercises to address the extension-related impairments also were prescribed. The primary change in outcome was a decrease in the mean intensity (2 months: 2/10; 6 months: 1/10) and frequency of @entity158 (2 months: decreased @entity158 with standing and walking; 6 months: additional decrease with sitting, standing and walking). She also reported a decreased duration and number of @entity1643 episodes. Classification directed treatment resulted in improvement in short and long term impairment and functional-level outcomes.

title: Classification, treatment and outcomes of a XXXX with lumbar extension syndrome.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['alignment impairments']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical low back pain', 'LBP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 726 Introduction: This phase-I study prospectively analysed the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2101 , @entity8 and subsequent immunotherapy with T-cell reinfusion in chemotherapy-sensitive @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: After leukapheresis and cryopreservation of T-cells, @entity1 received 2 cycles of standard chemotherapy ET ( @entity1259 / @entity1311 ) and 1 cycle of EI ( @entity1259 / @entity1260 ) followed by @entity1261 and stem cell harvest. After a third cycle of ET, responders (CR/PR) underwent @entity2101 (thiotepa 600 mg/m(2)/melphalan 140-180 mg/m(2)) and @entity8 . Once hematopoietic reconstitution was achieved, T-cells were reinfused followed by application of bispecific antibodies against @entity1722 and @entity5960 . RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were recruited on study, and nineteen pts who had responded to initial standard chemotherapy (4 CR, 15 PR, OR = 58%) underwent @entity2101 and @entity8 . Subsequently, another 6 @entity1 achieved a CR after @entity2101 resulting in an overall CR rate of 10/33 pts (30%). Two early deaths were observed (one toxic, one @entity1726 ). T-cell reinfusion and bispecific antibodies were given to 17 @entity1 . The main side effects during @entity2101 were severe (grade 3 / 4) hematotoxicity, @entity33 , @entity344 . Elevated liver enzymes (grade 2 / 3) were seen in all @entity1 . The intravenous application of bispecific antibodies resulted in intermittent @entity221 and chills. Within a follow-up period of 54.7 to 79.1 months, all @entity1 relapsed, and two @entity1 are still alive. The median progression-free survival was 10.6 months (range: 2.1-31.2) and the median overall survival was 22.7 months (range: 1.8-79.1+). CONCLUSION: Despite a high complete remission rate and despite a novel immunotherapeutic approach including bispecific antibodies and T-cell reinfusion, @entity2101 and subsequent @entity8 failed to induce a major improvement of survival in chemosensitive @entity1 with @entity0 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) and @entity8 ( XXXX ) with subsequent immunotherapy in @entity0 ( @entity0 ): Final results of a phase I stud.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['MBC', 'metastatic breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['HPSCT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the context of a larger study on morphological changes of deep sole @entity1066 , claws with Rusterholz ulcer (RU) were investigated to describe the varied pathological changes of the RU. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hind limbs of 55 @entity291 displaying external signs of complicated sole @entity1066 were examined externally and internally. To examine the samples internally, a sagittal section was performed. Furthermore, the material was examined histologically and after bone maceration. A total of 59 claws of 112 digits with 120 deep sole @entity1066 displayed a complicated RU. RESULTS: The most frequent findings were: fibrosis of the heel cushion, partly in conjunction with cartilaginous/osseous areas; @entity4034 of the tuberculum flexorium, resulting in @entity3061 of the macerated bones, often together with peripheral periosteal exostoses; @entity155 @entity174 of the tuberculum flexorium in severely deformed claws; @entity625 in the distal joint, frequently in conjunction with subchondral @entity4034 , with the macerated bone showing osteolyses near the fossae synoviales and in the periphery of the joint surface as well as periosteal exostoses on the insertion point of the joint capsule. Changes in the bursa podotrochlearis, the common @entity1795 joint occurred less frequently. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity82 and ossification of the heel cushion were classified as metaplasia, because these processes were considered an adaption to non-physiological strain of the heel. As the @entity281 of the RU spreads, the tuberculum flexorium may play a central role. In advanced cases, an @entity32 -related weakening of the bone tissue can lead to a pathological @entity174 with @entity427 . Secondary @entity281 of the distal joint may occur subsequent to any @entity155 of the tendon in combination with opening of the joint cavity. More frequently, the @entity281 is likely to have expanded from the insertion point of the joint capsule to the subchondral bone to ultimately infest the joint cavity. Changes in the bursa podotrochlearis, the common @entity1795 joint are assumed to develop as a consequence of @entity625 in the distal joint.

title: [Morphological investigations of deep sole @entity1066 in XXXX . Part 1: The complicated Rusterholz ulcer].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion of the deep digital flexor tendon']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['digital flexor tendon sheath and the pastern']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Members of the @entity5322 subfamily represent the largest portion of CYP proteins in liver and intestine in vertebrates. The @entity5322 enzymes are involved in metabolic clearance of numerous chemically diverse compounds including toxins, carcinogens, pesticides, therapeutic drugs, dietary products and hormones. Most studies of @entity5322 have been performed in mammals, whereas relatively little is known of that in non- @entity1 species. We have investigated @entity5322 expression in the marine and estuarine @entity22159 ( @entity22159 ). We isolated a novel @entity5322 cDNA sequence, denoted @entity67276 , from @entity22159 intestine. The @entity67276 sequence shared 98% @entity377 and @entity535 sequence identity with @entity67276 , previously isolated from @entity22159 liver. We hypothesize that a recent gene duplication event has occurred within the @entity22159 @entity5322 subfamily. The @entity67276 and @entity67276 genes were co-expressed in liver, intestine, gill, kidney, spleen, brain and ovary in several individuals. The hepatic versus extrahepatic @entity67276 /56 mRNA expression was analyzed in adult @entity22159 of both sexes, using conventional as well as real-time semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Tissues expressing @entity67276 /56 mRNA were in a descending order of magnitude: liver>intestine>gill>spleen>kidney>brain. Furthermore, inter-individual differences (up to 18%) in @entity67276 /56 mRNA expression were evident in @entity22159 , in particular in extrahepatic organs. For comparison, @entity5322 protein expression levels were determined using polyclonal antibodies (PAb) against @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) @entity5322 . Sexually dimorphic expression of hepatic and extrahepatic @entity67276 /56 mRNA and @entity5322 proteins was observed in @entity22159 . For example, males displayed up to 2.5-fold higher @entity5322 protein expression compared with females. In agreement with @entity67276 /56 mRNA analysis, highest @entity5322 protein levels were observed in liver and intestine. Low @entity5322 protein levels were seen in gill, kidney and spleen. Cellular localization of @entity5322 protein expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry analysis and PAb against @entity5660 @entity5322 . Strong @entity5322 protein staining was seen in intestinal enterocytes, in gill filaments and in renal tubular epithelial cells. Moderate @entity5322 staining was seen in hepatocytes in the liver, whereas mild staining was observed in hematopoietic cells in the spleen and in follicles in the ovary. Thus, similar to mammals, @entity5322 expression in fish is prominent in the digestive- and respiratory tracts and may be important for the first-pass metabolism of xenobiotics. Moreover, @entity5322 expression also is evident in brain and ovary in @entity22159 , which suggests a role for @entity5322 enzymes in biotransformation of xenobiotics and fine-tuning levels of @entity134 hormones in situ in extrahepatic organs.

title: Hepatic versus extrahepatic expression of @entity67276 and @entity67276 in adult XXXX ( @entity22159 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity22159 :: ('8078', 'Species') :: ['Fundulus heteroclitus', 'killifish']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity22159 :: (8078,Species) :: ['killifish']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6018 Background: Black @entity1 with early stage @entity1149 have previously been found to have worse overall survival than White @entity1 . Decreased likelihood to undergo resection has been implicated. To isolate the effect of decision-making from access to care, we used receipt of recommended surgical staging as a proxy for access, and examined treatment patterns and outcomes. METHODS: We examined registry and claims data of Medicare-eligible @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity1149 living in areas monitored by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program between 1991-1996. @entity5 was defined as bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, or thoracoscopy. We used logistic regression and Cox modeling to calculate the odds of having surgical staging, resection, and survival outcomes. RESULTS: Among 23,943 @entity1 , 15,162 underwent surgical staging and 7,014 had a resection. Survival for Black @entity1 was worse than Whites (HR 1.08, P<0.0009). Black @entity1 were less likely to undergo surgical staging (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.84, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.76-0.93) or resection (OR 0.55, CI 0.49-0.62). Black @entity1 once staged were still less likely to have a resection (OR 0.60, CI 0.53-0.69). Survival for Blacks and Whites was equivalent after resection. In @entity1 who were staged but did not have surgery, Black @entity1 had better overall survival when compared to Whites (40% vs. 37.7% at 1 year, 16.8% vs. 15.8% at 2 years, HR 0.92, P<0.028). Black @entity1 who had surgical staging were less likely to have resection recommended (44.6% vs.56.4 %), but twice as likely to decline resection. (3.2% vs. 1.4%) Conclusions: Finding that Black @entity1 who were surgically staged but did not have resection had a superior survival to White counterparts suggests that there are Black @entity1 who may benefit from resection who are not receiving it. Barriers to resection may include Black @entity1 being less likely to be offered resection in borderline cases, or being less accepting of recommendations for resection. Further examination of @entity1 and provider attitudinal determinants is needed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: The effect of race on recommendation and acceptance of surgical resection for non-metastatic @entity1149 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical staging']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metabolic alterations play a role in the development of @entity5442 ( @entity5442 ). Herein, we have investigated through a multiplex assay whether proteins of energy metabolism could provide biomarkers of @entity5442 . METHODS: A cohort of thirty-two muscle biopsies and forty plasma samples comprising @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ), @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ) and @entity5589 ( @entity5589 ) and control donors was interrogated with monoclonal antibodies against proteins of energy metabolism using reverse phase protein microarrays (RPPA). RESULTS: When compared to controls the expression of the proteins is not significantly affected in the muscle of @entity6558 @entity1 . However, the expression of b-actin is significantly increased in @entity6017 and @entity5589 in consistence with muscle and fiber regeneration. Concurrently, the expression of some proteins involved in @entity413 metabolism displayed a significant reduction in muscle of @entity5589 suggesting a repression of glycolytic metabolism in these @entity1 . In contrasts to these findings, the expression of the glycolytic @entity17341 ( @entity17341 ) and of the @entity7257 Inhibitor Factor 1 ( @entity30174 ) and @entity11217 were significantly augmented in @entity6017 when compared to other @entity5442 in accordance with a metabolic shift prone to @entity5 development. @entity17341 alone or in combination with other biomarkers allowed the discrimination of control and @entity5442 with very high (>95%) sensitivity and specificity. Unfortunately, plasma levels of @entity17341 were not significantly altered in @entity6017 @entity1 to recommend its use as a non-invasive biomarker of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of proteins of energy metabolism in muscle enabled discrimination of @entity1 with @entity5442 . RPPA identified the glycolysis promoting @entity17341 and @entity30174 proteins as specific biomarkers of @entity6017 , providing a biochemical link of this IM with oncogenesis.

title: Pyruvate kinase M2 and the XXXX Inhibitory Factor 1 provide novel biomarkers of @entity6017 : a metabolic link to oncogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['IMs', 'inflammatory myopathies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity17341 :: ('5315', 'Gene') :: ['PKM2', 'pyruvate kinase isoform M2']

entities_list: @entity5589 :: ('MESH:D018979', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic inclusion body myositis', 'sIBM']

entities_list: @entity7257 :: ('514', 'Gene') :: ['mitochondrial ATPase']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity7257 :: (514,Gene) :: ['mitochondrial ATPase']


abstract: Transcription factors belonging to the family of CAAT enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) programme differentiation in a wide variety of cells. We asked about the expression of C/EBPs in squamous epithelium. Using immunohistochemistry, @entity6863 and @entity9322 were easily detected in tissue sections from normal larynx or @entity1724 , @entity5 with a papillomavirus aetiology and characterized by abnormal differentiation. A temporal expression of these C/EBPs occured as keratinocytes differentiated. In both tissues, @entity9322 appeared to be exclusively nuclear. In normal tissue, the greatest amount of @entity9322 was present in the spinous layer, and much less occurred in the granular layer. The basal layer of the @entity1724 contained the most @entity9322 . Less was present in the spinous layer. Little @entity9322 was in the granular layer. Much @entity6863 was in the cytoplasm in both tissues. In normal tissue, nuclear @entity6863 staining was virtually absent in the basal layer, and became present in the spinous layer. Nuclear @entity6863 was randomly distributed in all layers in @entity1185 . Using immunoblots and Southwestern blots, we detected abundant truncated isoforms of @entity6863 in the @entity1185 . Since differentiation of many tissues is determined by the relative amounts of different C/EBPs, our data supports a role for C/EBPs in the differentiation of squamous epithelium.

title: Differences in C/EBPs in normal tissue and XXXX of the larynx.

entities_list: @entity1724 :: ('MESH:C535297', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal papillomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumours']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas']

answer: @entity1185 :: (MESH:D010212,Disease) :: ['papillomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical implications of additional pedal artery angioplasty (PAA) for @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ). METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 (mean age 77.8  8.6 years; 21 @entity1 ) with @entity63 (32 limbs) presenting with de novo infrapopliteal and pedal artery (Kawarada type 2/3) disease were reviewed. The need for PAA was based on the existence of sufficient @entity130 ( @entity130 ) around the target wounds after conventional above-the-ankle revascularization. Fourteen @entity1 with insufficient @entity130 in 14 limbs received additional PAA, while 15 @entity1 with sufficient @entity130 in 18 limbs did not. The groups were compared for overall survival, limb salvage, and amputation-free survival within 1 year after the procedure. The wound healing rate, time to wound healing, and freedom from reintervention rate were also evaluated. RESULT: The success rate of additional PAA was 93% (13/14). All limbs with successful PAA achieved sufficient @entity130 (13/13). Despite insufficient @entity130 before the additional PAA, overall survival (86% vs 73%, p=0.350), limb salvage (93% vs 83%, p=0.400), amputation-free survival (79% vs 53%, p=0.102), and freedom from reintervention (64% vs 73%, p=0.668) rates were similar in both groups. Furthermore, the wound healing rate (93% vs 60%, p=0.05) was higher and time to wound healing (86.0  18.7 vs 152.0  60.2 days, p=0.05) was shorter in the @entity1 who received PAA. CONCLUSION: Additional PAA might improve the @entity130 and clinical outcomes (especially speed and extent of wound healing) in @entity1 with @entity63 attributed to infrapopliteal and pedal @entity455 .

title: Clinical Implications of Additional Pedal Artery Angioplasty in @entity63 @entity1 With Infrapopliteal and Pedal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['WB', 'wound blush']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Artery Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Response rate (RR) has been used as a defining endpoint of new-agent phase II trials for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, @entity5 responses to chemotherapy do not always result in prolonged survival of @entity1 with this disease. DESIGN: Single-agent phase II trials were identified by a MEDLINE search of the period from 1976 to 1995. Associations between RR, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and characteristics of @entity1 who entered the trial, including @entity5 extent, performance status and prior chemotherapy, were studied by using the logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 183 treatment arms in 176 trials (including 10 randomized phase II trials) were identified. The overall RR in the 6768 evaluable @entity1 was 11%. Eleven drugs, @entity900 , @entity1259 , @entity1260 , @entity18872 , @entity2600 , @entity1206 , @entity1205 , @entity1311 , @entity2879 , @entity7324 , and 254-S, produced a RR of more than 20%. An @entity1349 of eight months or longer was obtained with 12 drugs, but there were cases in which no objective responses were produced by these drugs. @entity1349 was correlated with RR (r = 0.504, P < 0.0001), but ranged broadly at a given level of RR. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between RR and @entity1349 (regression coefficient = 0.60, P = 0.00003) after adjustment for other variables. CONCLUSIONS: RR was significantly correlated with @entity1349 in single-agent phase II trials for @entity1149 , but there is room for further consideration of the endpoint of these trials.

title: Response rate as an endpoint for evaluating new cytotoxic agents in phase II trials of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity18872 :: ('MESH:C040210', 'Chemical') :: ['edatrexate']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the utility in renal transplant @entity1 of the guidelines for the diagnosis and classification of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) elaborated by the @entity8 Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) of the National Kidney Foundation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Four hundred forty-seven cadaveric kidney transplants performed between 1980 and 1994 with graft function at 12 months were included in the study. The GFR was calculated according to the MDRD equation. RESULTS: The mean GFR at 12 months was 54.5 +/- 20.3 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2): 23 @entity1 (5.1%) had a GFR > or =90 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2); 136 @entity1 (30.6%), 60-89; 246 (54.7%), 30-59; 35 @entity1 (7.8%), 15-29; and 7 @entity1 (1.6%), GFR <15. Similar distribution of @entity740 stages was observed at 5 and 10 years. Unadjusted graft survival at 10 years was better among @entity1 with a higher GFR at 12 months: 87% in @entity1 with GFR >90 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2); 83% of GFR 60-89 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2); 63%, GFR 30-59 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2); and 23%, GFR <30 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) (P < .001). The association between GFR and graft survival persisted when adjusted by the age and gender of the recipients and donors, time on dialysis, body mass index, immunosuppression, delayed graft function, rejection, and HLA mismatches. The prevalence of complications, such as @entity417 , @entity101 , @entity2299 , and number of drugs increased as GFR declined. CONCLUSIONS: More than 60% of recipients presented @entity740 . GFR was a predictive factor for graft survival at 10 years. The classification of renal transplant @entity1 by @entity740 stages may help to identify @entity1 with increased risk of graft loss and also to design strategies to improve outcomes.

title: XXXX in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemias']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity421 is the most common @entity3478 in adolescents and yound adults. It is characterized by a high propensity for pulmonary @entity3 . In spite of successful control of the @entity5 , death from pulmonary metastases occurs in > 30% of @entity1 within 5 years. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the process of @entity3 can provide a biological foundation for the design of more effective therapy. We established a metastatic model in @entity19 with the method of orthotopically transplanting @entity1 @entity421 cell line SOSP-9607 and selected and isolated SOSP-M with highly metastatic potential. This study is to clone genes associated with @entity3 and to investigate the molecular mechanism of @entity3 by comparing the levels of gene expression between the two cells lines. METHODS: Using suppression subtractive hybridization, the substracted cDNA library of highly metastatic @entity1 @entity421 cell line SOSP-M was constructed. Positive clones were screened by differential screen technique. Partial positive clones were sequenced. The interested upexpressed clones in SOSP-M cells were analyzed through Northern blot and RT-PCR for the low metastatic cell lines SOSP-9607 and OS-9901, highly metastatic cell line SOSP-M and three pulmonic metastatic nodules. RESULTS: Two positive cDNA clones from highly metastatic cell line SOSP-M subtracted cDNA library were identical(99% homology) to @entity59908 . Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that @entity59908 expressed highly in high metastatic cell line SOSP-M and three pulmonic metastatic nodules, but not in low metastatic cell line SOSP-9607 and OS-9901. CONCLUSION: @entity59908 may play an important role in promoting @entity3 of @entity421 .

title: [ XXXX is a gene highly expressed in highly metastatic @entity1 @entity421 cell lines].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'osteosarcoma metastasis']

entities_list: @entity59908 :: ('26574', 'Gene') :: ['apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor', 'Apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor']

answer: @entity59908 :: (26574,Gene) :: ['Apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor']


abstract: Since the 1990s, changing trends have been documented in species distribution and susceptibility to bloodstream infections caused by Candida species in @entity5 @entity1 . However, few data are available regarding the association between in vitro antifungal susceptibility and outcome of @entity4963 in this @entity1 population. We therefore evaluated the association of in vitro antifungal susceptibility and other risk factors with failure of initial antifungal therapy in @entity5 @entity1 with @entity4963 . @entity4963 cases in @entity5 @entity1 from 1998 to 2001 (n = 144) were analyzed retrospectively along with their in vitro susceptibility to @entity2379 , @entity2380 , and @entity2059 (National Committee for Clinical and Laboratory Standards M27-A method). @entity1 were evaluable for outcome analysis if they received continuous unchanged therapy with either @entity2380 or @entity2379 for >/=5 days. We excluded cases of mixed @entity4963 . In vitro susceptibility testing data of the first Candida bloodstream isolate were analyzed. Appropriate therapy was defined as that using an active in vitro antifungal for >/=5 days. For @entity2380 susceptible-dose dependent Candida species, we defined appropriate therapy as a @entity2380 dose of >/=600 mg/day. The Candida species distribution was 30% @entity5132 , 24% @entity7408 , 23% @entity7409 , 10% Candida krusei, 9% @entity9841 , and 3% other. Overall, @entity2379 was the most active agent in vitro, with only 3% of the isolates exhibiting resistance to it (>1 mg/L). Dose-dependent susceptibility to @entity2380 and @entity2059 was seen in 13% and 21% of the isolates, respectively, while resistance to @entity2380 and @entity2059 was seen in 13% and 26%, respectively.Eighty @entity1 were evaluable for outcome analysis. In multivariate analysis, the following factors emerged as independent predictors of failure of initial antifungal therapy: @entity1778 (p = 0.01), bone marrow transplantation (p = 0.006), and intensive care unit stay at onset of @entity281 (p = 0.02). Inappropriate antifungal therapy, as defined by daily dose and in vitro susceptibility, was not shown consistently to be a significant factor (it was significant in multivariate analysis, p = 0.04, but not in univariate analysis), indicating the complexity of the variables that influence the response to antifungal treatment in @entity5 @entity1 with @entity4963 .

title: @entity4963 in a tertiary care XXXX center: in vitro susceptibility and its association with outcome of initial antifungal therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9841 :: ('5482', 'Species') :: ['Candida tropicalis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['Candida glabrata']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['Candidemia', 'candidemia']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['Candida parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficiency of videothoracoscopic bleb excision and @entity456 for the treatment of @entity5229 . METHODS: From July 1991 to December 1997, 182 @entity1 with @entity5229 were treated by a single technique at our institution. Seven @entity1 had single-stage bilateral procedures and 11 other @entity1 had staged bilateral procedures. Indications for operation were first episode with prolonged air leak, incomplete lung reexpansion, or job restrictions (n = 59), first ipsilateral recurrence (n = 57), second or third ipsilateral recurrence (n = 34), contralateral recurrence (n = 25), synchronous bilateral pneumothorax (n = 3), @entity2004 (n = 3), and tension pneumothorax (n = 1). All @entity1 data were reviewed retrospectively, and 167 @entity1 were available for late follow-up (92%). RESULTS: Mean operative time was 57 +/- 19 minutes. Conversion to thoracotomy was required in 1 @entity1 (0.6%). Mean duration of @entity456 was 5.8 +/- 1.2 days (range, 4 to 26 days), and mean postoperative stay was 7.7 +/- 1.6 days (range, 6 to 31 days). @entity260 occurred in 50 @entity1 (27.4%), the most frequent being prolonged air leak (14.8%), and in-hospital mortality was 0%. After a mean follow-up of 93 +/- 22 months (range, 57 to 134 months; median, 84 months), five ipsilateral recurrences were noted (3%). Three recurrences occurred within 12 months of videothoracoscopy and required reoperation. Two @entity1 had partial pneumothorax recurrence at 39 and 58 months, and were treated conservatively with chest tube insertion and tale slurry. After 1 year, 10.7% of @entity1 complained of chronic @entity662 or discomfort, although none was taking @entity158 medication after 3 months. Most @entity1 (89.8%) were satisfied or very satisfied of their operation. All @entity1 had returned to sport activities within 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: Videothoracoscopic bullectomy and @entity456 is a reliable and safe method to treat @entity5229 . Long-term recurrences occur with an acceptable rate that compares with results after limited thoracotomy. Chronic @entity662 or discomfort is unpredictable and may represent a problem in a few @entity1 .

title: Videothoracoscopic bleb excision and XXXX for the treatment of @entity5229 : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['primary spontaneous pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2004 :: ('MESH:D006468', 'Disease') :: ['hemopneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural drainage', 'pleural abrasion']

answer: @entity456 :: (MESH:D010995,Disease) :: ['pleural abrasion']


abstract: An analysis was made of the movement subsystems involved in the stereotyped behaviors and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity that appear in @entity35 given the anticholinergic drug @entity3897 (50-75 mg/kg). One form of stereotypy occurred when the drugged faced the closed end of an alleyway. Instead of scanning briefly and then turning around to face the open end, as undrugged @entity35 do, they typically "trapped", i.e., they continued to engage in rapid, repetitive scanning by the snout up and down or side to side along the surfaces of the closed end for long periods of time. @entity3897 appears to produce an exaggerated snout thigmotaxis. Accordingly, the behavioral pattern can be manipulated simply by changing the configuration of the environment, which alters sensory input to the snout. Therefore, such stereotyped behavior is not a motor automatism but rather a circular chain of reflexive reactions to surfaces which trap the animal. During rapid shifts in direction of movement in undrugged @entity35 , there were often extremely brief periods of hippocampal theta that could be blocked by @entity3897 . The presence of theta during such shifts might be important for normal behavioral sequencing. This could partially account for the fact that @entity3897 -treated @entity35 failed to change from their initial reactions in the alleyway to more @entity146 . When a low roof was placed over the alleway, head scanning was greatly limited, and immobility in a lying posture rapidly became the more frequent behavior. This immobility was accompanied by a sleeplike (synchronized) neocortical EEG pattern rather than the activated (desynchronized) neocortical pattern that occurs during repetitive thigmotactic scanning. It is hypothesized that scanning stereotypy and activated EEG are maintained through movement-concurrent positive feedback.

title: XXXX stereotypy as a behavioral trap: a movement subsystem and electroencephalographic analysis.

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine', 'atropine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['adaptive behaviors']

answer: @entity3897 :: (MESH:D001285,Chemical) :: ['Atropine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study compared the differences between survivals of @entity1 with @entity14 according to their ethnicity adjusted for other predictors of survival. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study @entity1 were followed up from definite diagnosis of @entity14 to @entity204 . Totally, 2431 @entity1 -year follow-ups were undertaken for 1127 @entity14 @entity1 once every six months. The data were analyzed by stata software using bivariate analysis, multivariate analysis, and Cox regression. RESULTS: The age at diagnosis was significantly different between @entity1 and @entity1 (p<0.03). 61.2% were male and the rest were female. Most @entity1 were Fars (51.2%), followed by Turciks (21.5%), Kurds (8.2%), and 7.5% Lurs. Of the @entity1 , 75% had a survival of more than 2.72 years, 50% a survival of 5.83 years, and 25% longer than 13.1 years after diagnosis. Risk ratio was significantly different among ethnics (p<0.05). The variables of ethnicity, being non married, @entity5 grade, family history of @entity5 , and smoking were considered as determinants of the @entity1 ' survival in Cox regression model. The median survival time in Fars, Kurds, Lurs, Turks and other ethnics was 5.83, 2.44, 5.49, and 8.52 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ethnicity and access to healthcare are predictors of survival of @entity1 with @entity14 which may define priorities in controlling @entity5 and implementing interventional and prevention plans.

title: Does ethnicity affect survival following XXXX ? A prospective, cohort study using Iranian @entity5 registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Recent reports have suggested a link between acylation-stimulating protein ( @entity2574 ) and @entity4417 with @entity28 , insulin resistance, @entity453 , and @entity407 . Our aim was to examine the mRNA expression of C3 and other factors related to @entity2574 production (such as factor B and @entity16739 ) in adipose tissue. The influence of gender and @entity28 was examined in subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) tissues from 16 males and 16 females with body mass index (BMI) from 20 to 54 kg/m(2). The results demonstrate that factor B mRNA expression is higher in males than females in both SC and OM tissues. In female SC tissue, C3 and @entity16739 mRNA decrease with increasing BMI (r = 0.557, P =.025 and r = 0.717 P =.002, respectively), with no change in factor B. By contrast, in males there was a pronounced increase in C3, @entity16739 , and factor B in OM tissue with increasing BMI (r = 0.759 P =.001, r = 0.650 P =.006, and r = 0.568 P =.022, respectively). Of note, however, in both @entity1 and @entity1 there was a marked increase in the OM/SC ratio of C3 and @entity16739 with increasing BMI. These results suggest that in female SC adipose tissue, there is downregulation of factors related to @entity2574 production in @entity28 , perhaps to limit further expansion of adipose tissue. In males, there is increased expression in OM tissue. In addition, relative OM/SC expression increases with @entity28 and these changes may contribute to the development of visceral adipose tissue.

title: Acylation-stimulating protein precursor proteins in adipose tissue in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The doublesex gene controls somatic sexual differentiation of many metazoan species, including the @entity311 mosquito @entity313 and the dengue and @entity22073 vector @entity4224 (Diptera: Culicidae). As in other studied dipteran dsx homologs, the gene maintains functionality via evolutionarily conserved protein domains and sex-specific alternative splicing. The upstream factors that regulate splicing of dsx and the manner in which they do so however remain variable even among closely related organisms. As the induction of sex ratio biases is a central mode of action in many emerging molecular insecticides, it is imperative to elucidate as much of the sex determination pathway as possible in the mosquito disease vectors. RESULTS: Here we report the full-length gene sequence of the doublesex gene in @entity2957 (Cxqdsx) and its male and female-specific isoforms. Cxqdsx maintains characteristics possibly derived in the Culicinae and present in the @entity4224 dsx gene (Aeadsx) such as gain of exon 3b and the presence of Rbp1 cis-regulatory binding sites, and also retains presumably ancestral attributes present in @entity313 such as maintenance of a singular female-specific exon 5. Unlike in @entity4224 , we find no evidence for intron gain in the female transcript(s), yet recover a second female isoform generated via selection of an alternate splice donor. Utilizing next-gen sequence (NGS) data, we complete the Aeadsx gene model and identify a putative core promoter region in both Aeadsx and Cxqdsx. Also utilizing NGS data, we construct a full-length gene sequence for the dsx homolog of the @entity10722 @entity10722 form pipiens (Cxpipdsx). Analysis of peptide evolutionary rates between Cxqdsx and Cxpipdsx (both members of the @entity10722 complex) shows the male-specific portion of the transcript to have evolved rapidly with respect to female-specific and common regions. CONCLUSIONS: As in other studied insects, doublesex maintains sex-specific splicing and conserved doublesex/mab-3 domains in the mosquitoes @entity2957 and Cx. pipiens. The cis-regulated splicing of Cxqdsx does not appear to follow either currently described mosquito model (for An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti); each of the three mosquito genera exhibit evidence of unique cis-regulatory mechanisms. The male-specific dsx terminus exhibits rapid peptide evolutionary rates, even among closely related sibling species.

title: Characterization of the doublesex gene within the XXXX complex suggests regulatory plasticity at the base of the mosquito sex determination cascade.

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity10722 :: ('7175', 'Species') :: ['Culex pipiens', 'northern house mosquito']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

entities_list: @entity22073 :: ('MESH:D015004', 'Disease') :: ['yellow fever']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity10722 :: (7175,Species) :: ['Culex pipiens']


abstract: The preference for sons in deeprooted in Pakistan and the growth rate is 3.1%/year, which has long term implications for the Population Welfare Program. In this study, the relationship between living sons and contraceptive use is examined among 1243 currently married industrial workers and 307 control group workers from 13 sample industries in Karachi and Lahore, Pakistan. The Family Welfare Education for Workers' Project has been operating in these industries. Questions were asked about the number of living @entity1 by sex, desired number of @entity1 by sex, and ideal family size by sex. The ideal number of @entity1 was 4 (3.7) with an average of 2.2 sons and 1.5 daughters, which indicates @entity5461 preference. Average desired @entity1 (living plus additional wanted) is 5.0 (4.7) with an average of 2.6 for sons and 2.1 for daughters. All workers with an ideal of 1 wanted a @entity5461 . 90% of those wanting an ideal of 2 @entity1 desired 1 @entity5461 and 1 daughter. 95% with an ideal of 3 @entity1 wanted 2 sons and 1 daughter. 83% with an ideal of 4 @entity1 desired 2 sons and 2 daughters, and 16% wanted 3 sons and 1 daughter. 85% with an ideal of 5 @entity1 wanted 3 sons and 2 daughters. Further evidence for @entity5461 preference occurs with total desired number of @entity1 ; i.e., 79% of those desiring 2 @entity1 preferred 1 of each sex, and 21%, 2 sons. This pattern was repeated for each increase in @entity1 desired. The desire for @entity1 was also examined in terms of existing @entity1 . Workers who have more sons were less likely to desire another @entity1 ; however, those with 2 living daughters desired 1.63 more @entity1 and those with 1 of each desired .85 more @entity1 . Those with 2 sons desired .67 more @entity1 . The number of additional @entity1 desired decreases with the increasing number of living @entity1 , and with increasing numbers of living sons. Desiring no more @entity1 tends to increase with an increase in number of living @entity1 , and with an increase in the number of living sons shows a stronger tendency to desire no more @entity1 . Contraception is used for spacing as well as halting childbearing. There is a direct association between the number of living @entity1 and the current use of contraception, and contraception use increases with an increase in the number of living @entity1 , and in the number of living sons, linearly. The exception is 2 sons and a desire for a daughter. Results are not generalizable to the national population.

title: XXXX preference, fertility desire and contraceptive use in two largest cities of Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

answer: @entity5461 :: (6651,Gene) :: ['Son']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Solid organ transplantation is the only definitive treatment available for @entity1 with end-stage organ failure. Organs procured from @entity1620 donors are the main source of transplants. Following @entity1620 , a burst of inflammatory reaction develops; it is characterized by increased plasma levels of cytokines. This inflammatory reaction has been associated with increased early allograft dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we test if the increased inflammatory response in @entity1620 donors is associated with more recipient complications. METHODS: We prospectively recruited 38 consecutive @entity1620 donors admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Following the declaration of @entity1620 , the demographics data on donor and recipient characteristics and cause of @entity1620 were recorded. The @entity409 in recipients were stratified according to the Clavien classification. Plasma levels of cytokines @entity650 , @entity1199 , and @entity310 were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, in all donors before organ procurement. RESULTS: The mean (range) age of donors was 44 (16-74) years. @entity130 due to car accident was the most common cause of @entity1620 (79%). The @entity409 occurred in 19 (50%) recipients. The mean  SD plasma @entity310 concentration was significantly (p<0.001) higher in recipients with grade 1-3 post-transplant complications (68.33  27.74 pg/mL) than those without complication (22.09  4.14 pg/mL). Recipients with complications had also a significantly (p=0.001) higher mean  SD donor plasma concentration of @entity650 (1009  375.5 pg/mL) compared to those without complications (779  202 pg/mL). No significant differences was observed between the two groups in respect to @entity1199 concentration (0.295  0.333 vs 0.285  0.342 U/mL, p=0.207). Six recipients died of complications (grade5), in whom no correlation could be found with donor plasma cytokine concentrations. CONCLUSION: Higher plasma concentrations of @entity650 and @entity310 in donors before organ procurement, are associated with more post-operative complications in liver transplant recipients.

title: Association of Increased Plasma @entity650 and XXXX Levels in Donors with the Complication Rates in Liver Transplant Recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['post-liver transplant complications']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death', 'brain-death']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-a']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 248 Background: Studies using healthcare claims data to investigate the burden of skeletal-related events employ various approaches to identify radiation to the bone (RttB) because billing codes available in claims data do not distinguish RttB from radiation to the prostate gland. We investigated the use of Eventflow data visualization software to identify components of a claims-based algorithm for RttB. METHODS: We analyzed data for @entity263 cases identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry data linked with Medicare claims. We identified two cohorts of individuals diagnosed between 2005 and 2009 and receiving radiation therapy, C1: diagnosed with incident bone @entity3 (BM) according to SEER data; C2: diagnosed with incident stage IV M0 @entity263 . We defined radiation episodes of care from claims for external beam radiation therapy, radiopharmaceutical therapy, intensity modulated radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery. Eventflow was used to compare cohorts and identify criteria for identifying RttB using claims data. RESULTS: Application of inclusion criteria resulted in 1,491 individuals: 999 in C1 and 492 in C2. Median follow up was 596 days in C1 and 882 days in C2. Average age was 77 years in C1 and 73 years in C2. The median time to radiation therapy was 133 days in C1 compared to 171 days in C2. When requiring a BM diagnosis code on the radiation claim, the median time was 160 days in C1 compared to 514 days in C2. The median time to a @entity174 was 107 days in C1 compared to 369 days in C2. The median time to bone surgery was 183 days in C1 compared to 447 days in C2. The median time to @entity1745 was 154 days in C1 compared to 375 days in C2. A BM diagnosis code concurrent with the radiation episode and radiation episodes less than or equal to 4 weeks in length were more common among C1 compared to C2. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of data visualization output indicates that incorporating a bone @entity3 code on claims concurrent with a radiation episode of care or the information regarding the length of the radiation episode will be useful for identifying receipt of palliative radiation using claims data.

title: An algorithm to identify delivery of palliative radiation therapy using health care claims data: A proof of concept application of data visualization tools in the @entity263 ( XXXX ) setting.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['PCa']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6819 ( @entity6819 ) are frequently encountered in internal medicine. Despite a large list of aetiologies, the investigations remain often negative leading to the diagnosis of @entity370 . The spectrum of the causes, as well as evolution of these @entity6819 is not clearly delineated in the literature. METHOD: We analyzed the case reports of all but @entity378 submitted at the National Meetings of the National French Society of Internal Medicine from 1990 to 2006. RESULTS: Sixty-seven cases were included in the study. The average age at the beginning of the symptoms was 47.8 years and 28.4% of the @entity1 were female. The median diagnostic delay was one year. General symptoms were present in 73.1% of the cases. The involved organs were the liver (46.3%), lungs (25.4%), lymph nodes (22.4%), digestive tract (16.4%), skin (16.4%), spleen (14.9%). The @entity738 were detected mainly in the liver (38.8%), lymph nodes (17.9%), bone marrow (16.4%) and lungs (11.9%). Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate or increased @entity1851 serum levels were noted in 65.6% of the @entity1 . Before diagnosis, 19.4% of the @entity1 received a corticotherapy. The most common diagnoses were @entity281 (65.6%) followed by drugs (19.5%), "toxic substances" or various foreign bodies (5.9%), @entity5 (5.9%) and @entity3230 (3%). The evolution was favourable in 80% of the cases but 8.3% of the @entity1 died. The disease course of the @entity1 having received a corticotherapy prior to the diagnosis was more unfavourable with a death rate of 45%. CONCLUSION: In @entity370 (fever, advanced age, increased acute phase reactants...) a specific aetiology and especially an @entity166 should be ruled out before considering the diagnosis of @entity370 . Corticotherapy is a factor of poor prognosis.

title: [Non-tuberculous systemic granulomatosis mimicking XXXX but related to a specific etiology. Study of 67 cases].

entities_list: @entity6819 :: ('MESH:C538157', 'Disease') :: ['SG', 'Systemic granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'atypical sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous GS']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']