abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity282 is treated incompletely and ineffectively in many circumstances, and chronic @entity282 causes suffering and diminishes productivity. The objective of this project is to determine whether a recently developed slow-release formulation of @entity1341 was effective in reducing the experimental chronic @entity282 . METHODS: In male @entity35 (250-300 g body weight), @entity1341 -releasing microspheres (MS-Bupi), containing 60 mg of @entity1341 base, were locally injected (MS-Bupi-L) 2 hours preoperatively into the subcutaneous compartment at the locus for experimental thoracotomy. @entity56 to tactile stimulation was assessed by reductions in the threshold force required to induce a response to von Frey filaments (VFH) applied to the hairy back near the incision/retraction site. @entity158 behavior was assessed using a Qualitative @entity1931 Profile. Control groups included @entity35 receiving the same dose of MS-Bupi but at a distant site on the back (MS-Bupi-D, testing for systemic drug actions) and @entity35 receiving the same mass of microspheres with no drug (MS-Placebo) at the wound site. @entity35 were tested for 3 days before and 28 days (postoperative days [PODs]) after the procedure. Withdrawal threshold differences, which were the primary outcome measure, among all treatment groups were assessed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, after which pairwise comparisons were made by determining Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney odds (WMWodds), with Bonferroni correction of the confidence intervals. RESULTS: Microsphere @entity1341 released near the incision reduced the chronic @entity1931 after thoracotomy. The threshold values during PODs 14 to 28 were different among the 3 treatment groups when examined on PODs 14, 16, 18, 23, 25, and 28 but not on POD21 (P = 0.0603). WMWodds showed that threshold of the MS-Bupi-L group differed from those of the MS-Bupi-D and the MS-Placebo groups for all the tested PODs, whereas the thresholds of the MS-Bupi-D group never differed from those of the MS-Placebo group. Area-under-curve analysis for threshold reductions below baseline, using WMWodds, also showed a reduction during the entire 28 PODs that was greater for the MS-Bupi-L group compared with the MS-Placebo or MS-Bupi-D group. The incidence of intense @entity158 scores by the Qualitative @entity1931 Profile analysis was observed in 7 of 8 @entity35 in the MS-Placebo group and in 5 of 8 @entity35 in the MS-Bupi-L group. CONCLUSIONS: Local slow release of @entity1341 subcutaneously from the MS-Bupi formulation suppresses postoperative mechanical @entity56 for >= 4 weeks after experimental thoracotomy. Systemic @entity1341 from this treatment has no effect on this @entity56 .

title: Mitigation of experimental, chronic post-thoracotomy XXXX by preoperative infiltration of local slow-release @entity1341 microspheres.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperalgesia', 'tactile allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity', 'Hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Serial colonoscopic observations were prospectively conducted to elucidate the natural history of nonpolypoid @entity5 . Furthermore, to clarify whether cell kinetic status affects the @entity5 development, proliferative indices, apoptotic indices, and @entity984 codon 12 point mutations on biopsy specimens were investigated. METHODS: Seventy-five @entity14 , 13 polypoid and 62 nonpolypoid type (56 flat elevated and six depressed type) were studied. Proliferating and apoptotic cells were detected with anti-Ki-67 antibody and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick-end labeling method, respectively. Point mutations at @entity984 codon 12 were examined by enriched polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 22 months (range 1-50). The lesions of subsequent exophytic growth, unchanged shape, depressed growth, and disappearance were observed in 0%, 92%, 0%, and 8% of polypoid type, in 39%, 39%, 13%, and 9% of flat elevated type, and in 33%, 67%, 0%, and 0% of depressed type, respectively. There was no significant difference in @entity5 size between initial and follow-up colonoscopy. Nonpolypoid @entity5 apparently changed to the exophytic growth during 2 yr or more. The @entity5 with exophytic growth had significantly higher proliferative indices/apoptotic indices ratios than those with unchanged morphology and disappearance/depressed growth (p < 0.05, respectively). @entity984 codon 12 point mutations did not correlate with @entity5 development. CONCLUSIONS: Cell kinetic status plays an important role in determining minute @entity14 development, but not @entity984 codon 12 mutations. Minute nonpolypoid @entity652 frequently tend to grow slowly, and nearly 40% of those become the exophytic growth with time. Most of @entity5 seem to follow the @entity2513 sequence.

title: Natural history of XXXX : a prospective colonoscopic study and relation with cell kinetics and @entity984 mutations.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'minute nonpolypoid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumor', 'colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal nonpolypoid adenomas']


abstract: The study was aimed at in vivo pharmacological identification of the possible @entity935 (DA) receptor(s) involved in changes of the DA level in @entity35 adrenal glands. Previous work in this laboratory has shown that the DA level is largely controlled by the rate of @entity2922 synthesis. The @entity35 were killed by decapitation after various periods of drug administration and the @entity2922 content of adrenal glands and forebrain was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Administration of the DA D-1 + D-2 receptor agonist, @entity3826 , induced a statistically significant increase in DA levels in the adrenal glands. The same effect was noted after administration of the DA D-2 receptor agonist, @entity11640 . The DA D-2 receptor antagonist, @entity11641 , blocked the @entity3826 -induced increase in adrenal DA levels but had no effect per se on these levels. The DA D-1 receptor agonist, @entity2344 , and the DA D-1 receptor antagonist, @entity10095 , did not have any effect on @entity3826 -induced changes in DA content in the adrenals. The DA elevating effect of the DA D-2 receptor agonist, @entity11640 , in the adrenals was completely blocked by the DA D-2 receptor antagonist, @entity2211 . This compound does not cross the blood-brain barrier readily and is thus supposed to act mainly on peripheral tissues. In support of this, the dose of @entity2211 used did not affect brain @entity4925 levels. Our data, together with observations reported in the literature, indicate that the adrenal medulla contains DA receptors of the D-2 subtype, which are capable of controlling the DA level in @entity35 adrenal glands.

title: Acute changes in XXXX levels in @entity35 adrenal glands after administration of @entity935 receptor agonists and antagonists.

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

entities_list: @entity11641 :: ('MESH:D020891', 'Chemical') :: ['raclopride']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: 1. @entity2642 and bases in physiological fluids result from metabolism of nucleic acids and @entity2036 and from dietary sources. As @entity377 catabolism increases during tissue injury, @entity2642 and bases could serve as useful biochemical markers in @entity625 . 2. We have quantified @entity2642 and bases in synovial fluid and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography in order to examine whether @entity377 metabolism is increased in @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity571 . 3. At least ten u.v.-absorbing compounds were detected in plasma and synovial fluid; only urate, @entity1011 , @entity3625 and @entity6683 were present in identifiable and quantifiable amounts. 4. In synovial fluid from @entity1 with @entity309 the concentration of @entity3625 was increased and that of urate decreased compared with @entity571 . 5. These data suggest that there is an increase in @entity10043 metabolism in the @entity309 joint and that @entity3625 is a potential marker of @entity603 .

title: XXXX and bases in synovial fluid from @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity571 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides', 'Nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity2642 :: (MESH:D009705,Chemical) :: ['Nucleosides']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity35864 ( @entity22770 ) can inhibit the proliferation of various @entity5 cell lines in vitro, but little is known about its in vivo antitumor effect. This study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of @entity22770 on the proliferation of @entity1 @entity694 cell line SW480 in @entity19 . METHODS: After subcutaneous transplantation of SW480 cells in the back of @entity19 , 5 @entity19 received intraperitoneal injection of @entity22770 (30 mg/kg), and 5 received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline as control. The body weight of @entity19 and @entity5 growth were measured. The morphology of @entity5 was observed under optical microscope and electron microscope. The expression of @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) was detected by immunohistochemistry and morphometric quantitative analysis. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS: The growth of transplanted @entity5 was inhibited markedly by @entity22770 ; the relative @entity5 growth rate (T/C%) was 49.85%. In @entity22770 group, the cellular atypia and nucleus-cytoplasm ratio were decreased, intracytoplasm cellular organs were abundant, and retrograde alters and apoptotic bodies were manifested in some cells. The protein level of @entity1364 was significantly lower in @entity22770 group than in control group (149.02+/-4.26 vs. 178.86+/-7.69, P<0.05). SW480 cells in @entity22770 group were arrested in G2/M phase; the G2/M phase proportion was significantly higher in @entity22770 group than in control group (38.6% vs. 18.8%, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity22770 has significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of @entity1 @entity694 SW480 cells in @entity19 and can arrest cell cycle in G2/M phase.

title: [Inhibitory effect of @entity35864 on proliferation of @entity1 @entity694 cell line SW480 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity35864 :: ('MESH:C028009', 'Chemical') :: ['Diallyl disulfide']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to evaluate the results of augmented unilateral gluteoplasty with fascia lata graft in @entity1 with @entity1241 due to @entity16 . METHODS: Between January 2000 and January 2001, we performed a prospective study of 11 @entity1 with longstanding @entity1241 (stage C3 according to Pescatori scoring system for @entity1241 ). The @entity1 included one @entity1 and 10 @entity1 aged 5-19 years who had already undergone Swenson's operation for congenital megacolon (7 @entity1 ) or abdominoperineal pull-through for high imperforate anus (4 @entity1 ). Preoperative anorectal manometric studies (maximum resting pressure, maximum squeeze pressure, rectoanal inhibitory reflex and functional anal canal length), saline enema test and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were done. Unilateral gluteoplasty augmented with fascia lata graft was wrapped around the anal canal. Biofeedback retraining was started at the beginning of the fourth postoperative week. @entity1 were followed both objectively and subjectively for about 6-18 months. RESULTS: Eight of 11 @entity1 (72.7%) were clinically improved, as shown by the change in @entity322 score ( p=0.01). this was confirmed by the significant changes in manometric studies, functional anal canal length, rectoanal inhibitory reflex and saline enema test. MRI done one month postoperatively showed disruption in one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral gluteoplasty augmented with fascia lata graft leads to encouraging results in @entity1 with end-stage anal @entity322 due to irreversible damage to anal sphincter with less incidence of morbidity that could be related to tension on either the muscle flap or its neurovascular bundle.

title: Augmented unilateral gluteoplasty with fascia lata graft in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['congenital or neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: RATIONALE: Hospitalised @entity1 with acute exacerbation of @entity1030 may deteriorate despite treatment, with early readmission being common. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether neural respiratory drive, measured using second intercostal space parasternal muscle electromyography (EMGpara), would identify worsening dyspnoea and physician-defined inpatient clinical deterioration, and predict early readmission. METHODS: @entity1 admitted to a single-site university hospital with exacerbation of @entity1030 were enrolled. Spirometry, inspiratory capacity (IC), EMGpara, routine physiological parameters, @entity3517 ( @entity3517 ), modified Borg scale for dyspnoea and physician-defined episodes of deterioration were recorded daily until discharge. Readmissions at 14 and 28 days post discharge were recorded. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 120 @entity1 were recruited (age 70    9 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 30.5    11.2%). Worsening dyspnoea, defined as at least one-point increase in Borg scale, was associated with increases in EMGpara%max and @entity3517 , whereas an increase in EMGpara%max alone was associated with physician-defined inpatient clinical deterioration. Admission-to-discharge change (  ) in the normalised value of EMGpara (  EMGpara%max) was inversely correlated with   FEV1 (r = -0.38, p < 0.001) and   IC (r = -0.44, p < 0.001).   EMGpara%max predicted 14-day readmission (OR 1.13, 95% 1.03 to 1.23) in the whole cohort and 28-day readmission in @entity1 under 85 years (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.18). Age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.14) and 12-month admission frequency (OR 1.29, 1.01 to 1.66), also predicted 28-day readmission in the whole cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of neural respiratory drive by EMGpara represents a novel physiological biomarker that may be helpful in detecting inpatient clinical deterioration and identifying the risk of early readmission among @entity1 with exacerbations of @entity1030 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01361451.

title: Neural respiratory drive predicts clinical deterioration and safe discharge in exacerbations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3517 :: ('MESH:C564098', 'Disease') :: ['modified early warning score', 'MEWS']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of @entity4212 of @entity7885 buckthorn fruits (FSBF) on growth performance, carcass quality, fat deposition, and lipometabolism for broilers. 240 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (0, 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15% FSBF) with 6 replicates of 10 birds. Broilers were reared for 42 d. Results showed FSBF quadratically improved average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and final body weight (BW) (P = 0.002, P = 0.019 and P = 0.018, respectively). The abdominal fat percentage in 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15% FSBF supplementation groups was decreased by 21.08%, 19.12%, and 19.61% with respect to the control group, respectively (P < 0.05). The intramuscular fat (IMF) content in the breast muscle of the broilers was increased by 7.21%, 23.42% and 6.30% in 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% FSBF groups, and that in the thigh meat was raised by 4.43%, 24.63% and 12.32%, compared with the control group, respectively (P < 0.05). FSBF had a quadratic effect on the abdominal fat percentage and IMF in the breast muscle (P < 0.05). Dietary FSBF also modified @entity1718 of muscular tissues, resulting in a higher ratio of unsaturated to @entity1718 (P < 0.05). Supplementing FSBF in the diet greatly decreased the levels of @entity412 , @entity165 , and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (P < 0.05). Moreover, the quadratic responses were also observed in the levels of insulin and @entity1254 in serum (P = 0.020 and P = 0.037, respectively). Abdominal fat percentage was correlated negatively with insulin and positively with @entity1254 (P < 0.05). IMF content in the breast and thigh muscles were correlated positively with insulin, and negatively with @entity1254 (P < 0.05). A positive correlation existed between breast muscle, IMF, and leptin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, adding FSBF into the diets affected growth performance and fat deposition of broilers by regulating lipometabolism. Fat deposition and distribution of broilers were closely associated with concentrations of insulin and @entity1254 . The optimal level of FSBF supplemented in diet was 0.05 to 0.10% in this study.

title: Effects of @entity4212 of XXXX buckthorn fruits on growth performance, carcass quality, fat deposition and lipometabolism for broilers.

entities_list: @entity4212 :: ('MESH:D047309', 'Chemical') :: ['flavones']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity7885 :: (6395,Gene) :: ['sea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotic-associated disruption of the gut microbiota is a known risk factor for @entity30 . This @entity102 results from aberrant host immune responses to subsets of the gut microbiota, and is characterized by intense neutrophil recruitment to the lamina propria, surface and crypt epithelium. Importantly, adherent-invasive @entity526 (AIEC) is abundant in ileal biopsies, highlighting a possible etiological role. In this study, we investigated the impact of antibiotics and AIEC challenge on @entity19 @entity6636 and neutrophil extracellular trap activation, which is a critical component of the neutrophil antimicrobial repertoire. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 @entity19 were administered @entity2176 and @entity801 (once daily, 3 days), and subsequently challenged with AIEC strain LF82 (once daily, 2 days). Perturbation of the gut microbiota was monitored using a combination of molecular and phylogenetic analyses. The impact of commensal and dysbiotic gut bacterial communities on neutrophil extracellular trap mobilization and intestinal redox balance was also quantified. RESULTS: Exposure of neutrophils to @entity19 commensal gut microbial communities activated neutrophil extracellular trap formation. The capacity of neutrophils to cast these web-like structures was exacerbated following antibiotic and AIEC-associated @entity6636 , highlighting the possible overgrowth of immune-activating intestinal pathobionts. Intestinal @entity6636 was associated with an elevated capacity of the cultivated gut bacteria to produce reactive @entity26 species in vitro, and increased colonic oxidative stress in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these data provide new insights into the detrimental effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota, with clinically relevant implications for @entity6636 on neutrophil function and intestinal redox balance.

title: Adherent-invasive XXXX coli Exacerbates Antibiotic-associated Intestinal Dysbiosis and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Activation.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal dysbiosis', 'dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 diameter is a reliable parameter to estimate @entity5 volume in solid organ cancers; its use in @entity263 is controversial since it exhibits a more irregular pattern of growth. This study aimed to examine the association between the @entity5 volume estimations based on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy results and the @entity5 volume measured on the pathological specimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 237 @entity1 who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) were included in this retrospective study. The differences and correlations between @entity5 volume estimations based on TRUS guided biopsy findings and @entity5 volume estimations based on post-prostatectomy pathology specimens were examined. In addition, diagnostic value of TRUS guided biopsy-based volume estimations in order to predict clinically significant @entity5 (>0.5 cc) were calculated. RESULTS: The mean @entity5 volume estimated using TRUS biopsy results was lower (5.5  6.5 cc) than the mean @entity5 volume calculated using prostatectomy specimens (6.4  7.6 cc) (p<0.041).TRUS guided biopsy examination resulted in 5 false positive and 15 false negative cases. There was a significant but weak correlation between the two parameters (r=0.62, p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of TRUS guided biopsy in predicting the presence of clinically significant @entity5 was 93.4% (95% CI, 89.1-96.1) and 50.0% (95% CI, 20.1-79.9), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: TRUS guided biopsy-derived estimations seem to have a limited value to predict pathologically established @entity5 volume. Further studies are warranted to identify additional methods that may more accurately predict actual pathological characteristics and prognosis of @entity263 .

title: XXXX volume estimations based on transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy in order to predict clinically significant @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Experience with the management of juvenile @entity18871 (JNA) by gamma knife radiosurgery is limited. We report control of the disease in two @entity1 with advanced-stage JNA treated with primary resection followed by gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery of @entity66 . CLINICAL PRESENTATION: An 18-year-old @entity1 presented with chronic @entity1244 , @entity10 , @entity892 , and left-sided facial numbness. A second @entity1 , a 19-year-old @entity1 , presented with recurrent @entity384 . Magnetic resonance imaging findings and endoscopic evaluation in each @entity1 were consistent with advanced-stage JNA. INTERVENTION: One @entity1 underwent craniofacial resection with approximately 3.0 cm(3) of @entity41 in the region of the cavernous sinus. The other @entity1 underwent preoperative embolization followed by a lateral rhinotomy for @entity5 resection with approximately 4.7 cm(3) of @entity41 in the right infratemporal fossa. In an attempt to limit radiation to surrounding normal brain, @entity41 in both @entity1 was treated with gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery. Control of disease was documented by magnetic resonance imaging more than 24 months after treatment. CONCLUSION: Short-term control of late-stage JNA was achieved by use of a strategy of primary surgical resection followed by gamma knife radiosurgery of @entity41 in two @entity1 . Establishing the effectiveness and safety of this strategy over conventional methods of managing advanced JNA will require future prospective studies.

title: Resection followed by radiosurgery for advanced juvenile XXXX : report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis and nasal congestion']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibroma']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['worsening headaches']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibroma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Prostaglandin-2 (PGE-2), one of the products of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) induced catalysis, may play a critical role in the carcinogenesis of @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ). We investigated the efficacy of using serum PGE-2 concentration as a biomarker for this @entity5 type. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prostaglandin-2 levels were analyzed in the serum of 65 @entity1721 @entity1 and in 47 healthy individuals. The concentrations of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) were measured in @entity5 tissues and normal tissues obtained from 31 surgically treated @entity1721 patients. RESULTS: Serum PGE-2 concentration was significantly higher in @entity1721 @entity1 than in control @entity1 (p = 0.004), especially in the early stages (I + II) of @entity5 (p < 0.0001). We observed significant inverse relationships between serum PGE-2 levels and: @entity5 stage, primary @entity5 progression, lymph and distant @entity3 . The @entity3840 concentration was significantly elevated in @entity5 as compared to normal tissues (p = 0.008). A significant correlation between serum PGE-2 and @entity5 @entity3840 was observed (rho = 0.46, p = 0.009). However, ROC analysis showed that serum PGE-2 may be a weak prognostic factor for @entity1721 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that an elevated concentration of serum PGE-2 in the early stages of @entity5 may possibly be associated with @entity5 initiation and @entity5 development in @entity1721 . The exact role of these findings in early detection of this highly lethal @entity5 requires further research.

title: Increased level of serum prostaglandin-2 in early stage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disturbed speech in @entity161 may reflect pragmatic deficits of expressive language. @entity51 also occur in @entity161 . This study investigated whether poor 'mind-reading' (i.e. a general difficulty with inferring and monitoring other @entity1 's thoughts) causes pragmatic @entity73 of both expression and comprehension in @entity1 with @entity161 . METHOD: Mind-reading (or theory of mind) was tested in @entity1 with @entity161 and in healthy controls using a false-belief picture-sequencing task. Pragmatic comprehension skills were assessed using a test of non-literal speech interpretation. Clinical ratings of @entity74 ( @entity74 ) indexed the expressive language deficits of @entity1 . To control for possible contributory effects of @entity409 , inhibitory control was tested using capture picture-sequences and executive-planning was tested using the Tower of London task. RESULTS: False-belief picture-sequencing, understanding of irony and understanding of metaphors were all selectively impaired in the @entity1 . Poor mind-reading (indexed by high error rate in sequencing false-belief stories) was associated with poor understanding of irony, but was unrelated to poor understanding of metaphors. Whereas poor appreciation of irony and poor mind-reading were associated with high ratings of @entity74 , high ratings of negative @entity74 were associated with poor understanding of metaphors and @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: Whereas poor mind-reading may contribute to positive aspects of @entity74 and impaired appreciation of irony in @entity1 with @entity161 ; negative features of @entity74 and poor understanding of metaphors appear better explained by abnormal semantics. Overall, the findings of this study support the view that the functional basis of @entity74 in @entity161 is not unitary.

title: Disturbed communication in XXXX : the role of poor pragmatics and poor mind-reading.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairments']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Pragmatic comprehension deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'formal thought disorder', 'positive formal thought disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Importance: Using an @entity3951 ( @entity3951 ) M1-isoform-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a fixed transfected cell-based assay ( @entity11643 ), we tested @entity3951 -IgG in a northern California population representative cohort of 3293 potential cases with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Seropositive cases were tested additionally by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, a live transfected cell-based assay. Observations: Sera samples were available in 1040 cases; 7 yielded positive results, 4 by ELISA alone and 3 by both ELISA and @entity11643 . Clinical data (episodes of @entity7995 and longitudinally extensive @entity5697 [reported on at least 1 magnetic resonance imaging spine]) supported the alternative diagnosis of @entity1652 for 2 @entity1 as seropositive by both ELISA and @entity11643 . These 2 @entity1 alone tested positive by a fluorescence-activated cell-sorting assay. The diagnosis of @entity15 was considered correct in the other 5 @entity1 . Thus, 5 ELISA results and 1 fixed @entity11643 result were false positive. Conclusions and Relevance: Sensitive serological evaluation for @entity3951 -IgG in this large population-representative cohort of predominantly white non-Hispanic @entity1 with @entity15 reveals that @entity1652 spectrum disorder is rarely misdiagnosed as @entity15 in contemporary US neurological practice (0.2%). The frequency of a false-positive result for ELISA and @entity11643 in this @entity15 cohort were 0.5% and 0.1%, respectively. This finding reflects the superior specificity of @entity11643 and justifies caution in interpreting @entity3951 -IgG results obtained by ELISA.

title: Seroprevalence of XXXX -IgG in a Northern California Population Representative Cohort of @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity5697 :: ('MESH:D009188', 'Disease') :: ['transverse myelitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity3951 :: (361,Gene) :: ['Aquaporin-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study we aimed to evaluate the impact of chronic exposure to the @entity4252 (GP) on @entity35 's testicular tissue and sperm parameters. OBJECTIVE: Testicular tissue, morphology of sperms and @entity251 level in serum of mature male @entity35 were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animals were divided into two test and control-sham groups. The test group was subdivided into 4 groups (10, 20, 30 and 40 days GP administrated). Each test group (n=8) received the compound at dose of 125 mg/kg, once a day, orally for 40 days while control-sham group (n=16) received the @entity4336 oil (0.2 ml/day). RESULTS: Microscopic analyses revealed @entity101 , obvious @entity4 in sub-capsular and interstitial connective tissue, atrophied seminiferous tubules, arrested spermatogenesis, negative tubular differentiation and repopulation indexes, decreased Leydig cells/mm(2) of interstitial tissue, @entity1184 and cytoplasmic granulation of Leydig cells, elevated @entity204 , immature sperm and increased immotile and abnormal sperm percentage. The @entity1735 ratio was reduced in first three layers of the germinal epithelium (GE) cytoplasm. The upper layers of the GE series were manifested with low rate of lipid accumulation in cytoplasm, while the cells which were located in first layers were revealed with higher amount of lipid foci. Hematological investigations showed significant (p<0.05) decreasing of @entity251 level in serum. CONCLUSION: The current data provide inclusive histological feature of chronic exposure against GP with emphasizing on reproductive disorders including histological adverse effect on the testicular tissue, spermatogenesis, sperm @entity854 which potentially can cause @entity249 .

title: Histological and histochemical effects of XXXX on testicular tissue and function.

entities_list: @entity4252 :: ('CHEBI:27744', 'Chemical') :: ['Gly-phosate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased thickness of tunica albuginea']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['viability and abnormality']

answer: @entity4252 :: (CHEBI:27744,Chemical) :: ['Gly-phosate']


abstract: A selective and sensitive fluorometric determination method for native fluorescent peptides has been developed. This method is based on intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) detection in a liquid chromatography (LC) system following precolumn derivatization of the @entity1472 groups of @entity2340 (Trp)-containing peptides. In this detection process, we monitored the FRET from the native fluorescent Trp moieties (donor) to the derivatized fluorophore (acceptor). From a screening study involving 10 fluorescent reagents, we found that @entity20720 ( @entity30466 ) generated FRET most effectively. The @entity30466 derivatives of the native fluorescent peptides emitted @entity30466 fluorescence (445 nm) through an intramolecular FRET process when they were excited at the excitation maximum wavelength of the Trp-containing peptides (280 nm). The generation of FRET was confirmed through comparison with the analysis of a non-fluorescent peptide (C-reactive protein fragment (77 - 82)) performed using LC and a three-dimensional fluorescence detection system. We were able to separate the @entity30466 derivatives of the Trp-containing peptides when performing LC on a reversed-phase column. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) for the Trp-containing peptides, at a 20-microL injection volume, were 41 - 180 fmol. The sensitivity of the intramolecular FRET-forming derivatization method is higher than that of the system that takes advantage of the conventional detection of @entity30466 derivatives. Moreover, native non-fluorescent @entity4478 and peptides in the sample monitored at FRET detection are weaker than those of conventional fluorescence detection.

title: Selective determination of XXXX -containing peptides through precolumn derivatization and liquid chromatography using intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer detection.

entities_list: @entity20720 :: ('MESH:D009764', 'Chemical') :: ['o-phthalaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To define the antifungal susceptibility patterns of the most common non-albicans Candida spp. in China. METHODS: We evaluated the susceptibilities to nine antifungal drugs of @entity7409 species complex, @entity9841 , @entity7408 species complex and Candida krusei isolates from @entity1 with @entity3 at 11 hospitals over 3 years. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF @entity15 supplemented by DNA sequencing. MICs were determined by Sensititre YeastOne(TM) using current clinical breakpoints/epidemiological cut-off values to assign susceptibility (or @entity7097 ), and by CLSI M44-A2 disc diffusion for @entity2380 and @entity5074 . RESULTS: Of 1072 isolates, 392 (36.6%) were @entity7409 species complex. @entity9841 , @entity7408 species complex and C. krusei comprised 35.4%, 24.3% and 3.7% of the isolates, respectively. Over 99.3% of the isolates were of @entity7097 phenotype to @entity2379 and 5-flucytosine. Susceptibility/ @entity7097 rates to azoles among @entity7409 species complex were >= 97.5%. However, 11.6% and 9.5% of @entity9841 isolates were non-susceptible to @entity2380 and @entity5074 , respectively (7.1% were resistant to both). Approximately 14.3% of @entity7408 sensu stricto isolates (n=258) were @entity2380 resistant, and 11.6% of @entity7408 sensu stricto isolates were cross-resistant to @entity2380 and @entity5074 . All C. krusei isolates were susceptible/ @entity7097 to @entity5074 , @entity7143 and @entity2059 . Overall, 97.7%-100% of isolates were susceptible to @entity11794 , @entity1331 and @entity25928 , but 2.3% of @entity7408 were non-susceptible to @entity25928 . There was no @entity5638 / @entity5637 co-resistance. Disc diffusion and Sensititre YeastOne(TM) methods showed >95% categorical agreement for @entity2380 and @entity5074 . CONCLUSIONS: In summary, reduced azole susceptibility was seen among @entity9841 . Resistance to @entity5626 was uncommon.

title: Antifungal susceptibilities of @entity7408 species complex, Candida krusei, @entity7409 species complex and @entity9841 causing XXXX in China: 3 year national surveillance.

entities_list: @entity9841 :: ('5482', 'Species') :: ['C. tropicalis', 'Candida tropicalis']

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity25928 :: ('MESH:C102786', 'Chemical') :: ['anidulafungin']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['C. glabrata', 'Candida glabrata']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['Candida parapsilosis', 'C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5637 :: ('CHEBI:57248', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandin']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive candidiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a miRNA signature for @entity3 in an animal model of @entity420 ( @entity420 ). BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity420 ( @entity420 ) has dramatically increased and @entity418 is now the sixth leading cause of @entity5 deaths worldwide. Mortality rates remain high among @entity1 with advanced stage disease and esophagectomy is associated with high complication rates. Hence, early identification of potentially @entity3 would better guide treatment strategies. METHODS: The modified Levrat's surgery was performed to induce @entity420 in @entity35 . Primary @entity420 and distant metastatic sites were confirmed via histology and immunofluorescence. miRNA profiling was performed on @entity5 with or without @entity3 . A unique subset of miRNAs expressed in @entity5 and @entity3 was identified with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) along with upstream and downstream targets. miRNA-linked gene expression analysis was performed on a secondary cohort of @entity3 positive (n=5) and @entity3 negative (n=28) @entity5 . RESULTS: The epithelial origin of distant @entity3 was established by IF using villin ( @entity66267 ) and @entity7941 ( @entity7941 ) antibodies. miRNome analysis identified four down-regulated miRNAs in @entity3 positive @entity5 compared to @entity3 negative @entity5 : miR-92a-3p (p=0.0001), miR-141-3p (p=0.0022), miR-451-1a (p=0.0181) and miR133a-3p (p=0.0304). Six target genes identified in the top scoring networks by IPA were validated as significantly, differentially expressed in @entity3 positive @entity5 : @entity66268 , @entity2308 , @entity7504 , @entity61262 , @entity5447 and @entity66269 . CONCLUSION: In vivo @entity3 was confirmed in the modified Levrat's model. Analysis of the @entity5 identified a distinctive miRNA signature for @entity5 that metastasized.

title: MicroRNA Signature Characterizes Primary Tumors That Metastasize in an XXXX @entity35 Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'primary tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease', 'metastasis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With an aging population, @entity174 including @entity130 to the proximal humerus continue to rise in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate recent trends in the incidence and treatment of proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) in a cross-sectional elderly population. METHODS: Medicare data from 2005 to 2012 were queried to identify @entity1 treated for PHF. Associated @entity1 demographics, hospitalization data, treatment, and revision status were obtained. Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant trends in treatment. RESULTS: There were 259,506 PHFs recorded, with 79% occurring in female @entity1 . In all age groups, nonoperative treatment of PHF was the most common method (67%). Within the surgical group, open reduction with internal fixation was most frequently used, and @entity348 ( @entity348 ) or reverse @entity348 (RTSA) was the least common (11%). However, although the overall rate of surgical intervention remained constant, there was a significant increase in treatment with @entity348 from 3% in 2005 to 17% in 2012. In particular, RTSA represented 89% of all TSAs for PHF in 2011. All surgical treatment options demonstrated high 2-year survival rates without revision surgery (97%). CONCLUSION: Recent trends show that in the elderly population, nonoperative management remains the most common treatment for PHFs. Within the surgically treated cohort, there has been an increase in treatment with arthroplasty including RTSA, with a low rate of early revisions. There are excellent survival rates in all surgically treated PHFs, but long-term data will be required to fully evaluate the viability of these surgical options.

title: XXXX : recent trends in nonoperative and operative treatment in the Medicare population.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total shoulder arthroplasty', 'TSA']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Proximal humerus fragility fractures']


abstract: So now it may be seen what is meant by the term "The @entity1442 Difference". The American orthodontic specialty has for the most part been slow, or even in isolated pockets, willfully resistant to expansion of orthodontic technique up out of the "Procrustean bed" of fixed appliance limitations to the panorama of attacking the teeth-bone-muscle triangle of malocclusion with separate techniques and appliance systems designed specifically for each. What makes this anathema to those of a broader view is that it is only with those expanded, combined fixed AND functional techniques, that one has any chance at all of rendering anything close to significantly successful treatment of major @entity158 chronic @entity158 problems. And that is serious stuff. So, if you want to do "ortho" you had better know " @entity1348 ". And, if you want to do " @entity1348 ", at least @entity1348 to any meaningful degree, you had better know "ortho", and that means the discipline of functional orthodontics (or "maxillofacial orthopedics" if you will). The "why" of it is easily understandable once one truly understands the orthopedic (condylar displacement), myofunctional (Class II neuromuscular sling), and neurological (chronic repetitive compression nerve damage) aspects of the common functionally induced @entity1348 problem. The "how" of it all is another matter. That is why knowledge of a broad variety of various specific orthodontic techniques is required for the clinician because there are a vast variety of malocclusive situations with their own unique demands. But in the broadest sense, since a major portion of the orthodontic @entity1 population suffers from somewhat of a skeletal Class II relationship, or "Class II effect" with respect to the joint, somewhere in the proposed treatment plan for these @entity1 the clinician will have to consider some form of @entity1442 , whatever that series may be. But it is that @entity1442 difference that sets that clinician and his or her specific treatment plan apart from the older, more restricted ways. It is a difference we must pay attention to, for Nature surely will.

title: The XXXX ( @entity1442 ) difference.

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular advancement series', 'MAS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ-pain-headache-dysfunction', 'pain']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['MAS']


abstract: @entity796 is an opportunistic respiratory pathogen that accounts for most of the morbidity and mortality in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 . In @entity1577 -affected lungs, the bacteria undergo conversion from a non-mucoid to a non-tractable mucoid phenotype, due to overproduction of alginate. The effect of alginate production on pathogenicity was investigated by using an @entity647 @entity19 model that compared a non-mucoid @entity5175 , to its constitutive alginate-overproducing derivative, Alg(+) PAOmucA22, and an alginate-defective strain, Alg(-) PAOalgD. Bacterial suspensions were instilled into the left bronchus and examined 24 and 48 h post- @entity281 . The highest bacterial loads and the most severe lung pathology were observed with strain Alg(-) PAOalgD at 24 h post- @entity281 , which may have been due to an increase in expression of bacterial elastase by the mutant. Significantly lower lung and spleen bacterial loads were found in the two non-mucoid ( @entity5175 and Alg(-) PAOalgD) groups, compared to the mucoid Alg(+) PAOmucA22 group, between 24 and 48 h post- @entity281 . The positive correlation between lung bacteriology and lung macroscopic pathology in the Alg(+) PAOmucA22 group suggests that alginate production not only impedes pulmonary clearing, but also results in severe @entity358 . Positive correlations between IL12 levels and lung macroscopic pathology, and between IL12 and IFN-gamma levels in the Alg(+) PAOmucA22 group, suggested a possible contribution of these pro-inflammatory cytokines to tissue damage. No significant differences were found between the three groups in lung cytokine responses at 24 or 48 h post- @entity281 . However, on comparison within each group at 24 and 48 h post- @entity281 , a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma was observed. Higher ratios of IFN-gamma/IL4 and IFN-gamma/IL10, but lower IL10 levels, were also found in all three groups. These results indicate a @entity630 -predominated immune response in these animals. Such cytokine responses could have aided the clearance of non-mucoid @entity796 , but were not sufficient to alleviate @entity281 by the mucoid variants. Alginate production may promote survival and persistence of this pathogenic micro-organism in the lung.

title: @entity796 alginate is refractory to @entity630 immune response and impedes host immune clearance in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5175 :: ('208964', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa strain, PAO1', 'PAO1']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung damage']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung infection']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits of @entity1 decision support interventions (DESIs) have been well documented. However, DESIs remain difficult to incorporate into clinical practice. Relational coordination (RC) has been shown to improve performance and quality of care in health care settings. This study aims to demonstrate how applying RC theory to @entity22172 implementation could elucidate underlying issues limiting widespread uptake. METHODS: Five primary care clinics in Northern California participated in a @entity22172 implementation project. We used a deductive thematic approach guided by behaviors outlined in RC theory to analyze qualitative data collected from ethnographic field notes documenting the implementation process and focus groups with health care professionals. We then systematically compared the qualitative findings with quantitative @entity22172 distribution data. RESULTS: Based on @entity22172 distribution rates, clinics were placed into 3 performance categories: high, middle, and low. Qualitative data illustrated how each clinic's performance related to @entity146 . Consistent with RC theory, the high-performing clinic exhibited frequent, timely, and accurate communication and positive working relationships. The 3 middle-performing clinics exhibited high-quality communication within physician-staff teams but limited communication regarding @entity22172 implementation across the clinic. The lowest-performing clinic was characterized by contentious relationships and inadequate communication. LIMITATIONS: Limitations of the study include nonrandom selection of clinics and limited geographic diversity. In addition, ethnographic data collected documented only @entity22172 implementation practices and not larger staff interactions contributing to RC. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a high level of RC within clinical settings may be a key component and facilitator of successful @entity22172 implementation. Future attempts to integrate DESIs into clinical practice should consider incorporating interventions designed to increase positive @entity146 as a potential means to improve uptake.

title: Implementation of XXXX Decision Support Interventions in Primary Care: The Role of Relational Coordination.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['RC behaviors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Ghrelin and @entity10558 are two peptide hormones with opposing roles in the control of appetite: orexigenic and anorexigenic, respectively. @entity1277 is a common, serious complication of many forms of @entity5 . The goals of this study were to investigate: (i) whether there are differences in ghrelin and @entity10558 peptide expression in thyroid tissues from a series of @entity1377 cases and normal controls, and (ii) whether there are correlations between tissue ghrelin and @entity10558 levels in series of @entity1377 cases and normal controls. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that in sections of benign @entity1 thyroid tissue, anti-ghrelin antibody reacted with intense staining in colloid-filled follicles. In benign thyroid tissues, colloids displayed @entity1480 in comparison with @entity7172 , whereas colloids in malignant thyroid tissues were uncommon. We found markedly lower tissue ghrelin levels in thyroid tissue of @entity1 with @entity1377 , compared with normal thyroid tissues (P = 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis also showed that @entity10558 in @entity1377 stained positively to various degrees. @entity10558 tissue levels in @entity1377 tended to be slightly higher than those in normal thyroid tissue, but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.29). We also report that thyroid tissue of @entity1 with @entity2621 produced ghrelin and @entity10558 at similar levels as in normal thyroid tissue, even though colloid in @entity2621 is scarce. We conclude that depressed expression of ghrelin, but not @entity10558 , is specific to @entity1377 , and this difference might constitute a diagnostic tool to differentiate @entity1377 from normal thyroid tissue. We currently do not know how these peptides are regulated and what factors are involved in @entity1377 , which inhibit the expression of ghrelin but not @entity10558 . This issue warrants further studies.

title: Expression of XXXX and ghrelin in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's disease", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity10558 :: ('MESH:D054439', 'Chemical') :: ['Obestatin', 'obestatin']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity7172 :: ('MESH:C563277', 'Disease') :: ['papillary microcarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['plentiful dispersion']

answer: @entity10558 :: (MESH:D054439,Chemical) :: ['obestatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several foods and nutrients have been implicated in the development of @entity694 . In this study, we prospectively assessed the associations between major dietary patterns and the risks of these 2 @entity5 in @entity1 . METHODS: Using dietary information collected in 1984, 1986, 1990, and 1994 from 76 402 @entity1 aged 38 to 63 years without a history of @entity5 in 1984, we conducted factor analysis and identified 2 major dietary patterns: "prudent" and "Western." We calculated factor scores for each @entity1 and examined prospectively the associations between dietary patterns and @entity694 risks. RESULTS: The prudent pattern was characterized by higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, poultry, and whole grains, while the Western pattern, by higher intakes of red and processed meats, sweets and desserts, french fries, and refined grains. During 12 years of follow-up, we identified 445 cases of @entity694 and 101 cases of @entity5 . After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed a relative risk for @entity694 of 1.46 (95% confidence interval, 0.97-2.19) when comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles of the Western pattern (P value for trend across quintiles, .02). The prudent pattern had a nonsignificant inverse association with @entity694 (relative risk for fifth quintile compared with the first, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-1.00; P for trend across quintiles, .31). We did not observe any significant association between dietary patterns and @entity5 . CONCLUSION: We found a significant positive association between the Western dietary pattern and the risk of @entity694 .

title: Major dietary patterns and the risk of colorectal cancer in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancers', 'colon and rectal cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal therapeutic strategy for @entity1 with high-risk acute @entity301 without ST-segment elevation (NSTE-ACS) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to compare the effectiveness of an early invasive strategy and a delayed invasive strategy in the management of high-risk NSTE-ACS @entity1 . METHODS: This randomized clinical trial in a primarily pre-hospital setting enrolled @entity1 with @entity662 , electrocardiographic criteria for an NSTE-ACS, and at least one criterion of severity (ESC criterion or TIMI score >5). @entity1 were randomized to either an early invasive strategy (tirofiban infusion and coronary angiography within 6h) or delayed invasive strategy (as per guidelines and physician discretion; coronary angiography within 6h was not advised). The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of @entity204 , @entity583 , or urgent revascularizations at 30days of follow-up. Secondary endpoints were failure of delayed management, length of hospital stay and long-term mortality. RESULTS: Between January 2007 and February 2010, 170 @entity1 were enrolled. The cumulative incidence of adverse outcomes was significantly lower for early invasive than delayed management (2% [95% CI 0-9] vs. 24% [95% CI 16-35], p<10(-4)). Delayed management failed in 24% of cases. The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in @entity1 undergoing angioplasty or treated with tirofiban within 6h (p=0.0003). Long-term mortality was 16% in both arms after a median follow-up of 4.1years. CONCLUSION: An early invasive strategy reduced major adverse @entity299 in @entity1 with high-risk NSTE-ACS. Early angiography or tirofiban ( @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor) infusion proved necessary in a quarter of @entity1 assigned to delayed management.

title: Early invasive strategy in high-risk acute XXXX without ST-segment elevation. The Sisca randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Compliance with annual @entity3070 treatment is a major challenge in community-directed treatment with @entity3070 (CDTI) implementation. There are individuals who do not comply with the annual mass treatment, which contributes to the continuity for disease transmission. Hence, ensuring high treatment coverage and sustained compliance should be given due emphasis in the control of @entity7289 . The aim of this study was to determine CDTI compliance rate and predictors of compliance where the CDTI was in its 9(th) round in Kabo area, southwestern Ethiopia. METHODS: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kabo area, three weeks after the 9th round of annual @entity3070 distribution. Systematic random sampling was used to select head of households and structured, pre-tested questionnaire was used to interview the study @entity1 . Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Descriptive statistics was used to compute mean and standard deviation of continuous variables and frequency for categorical variables, while bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the effects of independent variables on the outcome variable. Variables which showed association in multivariate analysis were considered as final predictors of compliance and strength of association was measured through adjusted odds ratio (AOR). RESULTS: A total of 308 respondents (age range 18-70, mean age        SD, 32.21        9.64) participated in the study. Of these, 249 (80.8%) reported that they took @entity3070 during the 9(th) round annual treatment. Significantly higher rate of treatment compliance was reported by @entity1 age >= 35 years (AOR = 5.48, 95% CI; 1.97 - 15.23), @entity1 who stayed in the area for more than ten years (AOR   =   3.86, 95% CI; 1.83- 8.11), @entity1 who perceive that they are at risk of contracting the disease(AOR   =   7.05, 2.70- 18.43), @entity1 who perceive @entity497 ( @entity497 ) are doing their work well (AOR   =   2.35 95% CI; 1.15- 4.83) and @entity1 who know at least one CDD in their village (AOR   =   2.83, 95% CI; 1.26- 6.40). CONCLUSION: The majority of the study @entity1 in the present study area complied with @entity3070 treatment. Nevertheless, intervention packages should consider factors such as age, residence duration and community's perception of the disease to improve compliance and make drug distribution sustainable.

title: Predictors of compliance with community-directed treatment with XXXX for @entity7289 control in Kabo area, southwestern Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community drug distributors', 'CDDs']

entities_list: @entity7289 :: ('MESH:D009855', 'Disease') :: ['onchocerciasis']

answer: @entity3070 :: (MESH:D007559,Chemical) :: ['ivermectin']


abstract: This was a hospital-based case series study of @entity7394 @entity1 admitted to ID _ BG Hospital of Kolkata from May 2004 to April 2005. A total of 107 @entity1 were included in the study. Report of follow up of admitted @entity1 and interview of family members were done. The study results showed that the highest number of cases (31) were among the 6-10 year age group, while the lowest was among the 16-20 year age group (12). Overall case @entity3329 was high (12.1%). Lowest case @entity3329 (5%) among 21 years and above age group. Case @entity3329 was less among those @entity1 who were admitted to the hospital within 48 hours of occurrence of clinical features. Majority of the @entity1 (72) developed complications. Among them, only @entity2401 occurred in 51, @entity2401 with @entity2419 in 11, only @entity2419 in 7, while Respiratory distress occurred in 3. Most of the admitted @entity1 were non-immunized (84). Majority of the respondents (73) have no idea regarding the mode of spread of the disease. Only one respondent had correct knowledge about the benefit of the DPT vaccine. The main reason for non-immunization was ignorance (44%). IEC for full immunization coverage and early admission with proper management are indispensable for the reduction of @entity7394 morbidity and mortality.

title: A study on determinants of occurrence of complications and XXXX among @entity7394 cases admitted to ID _ BG Hospital of Kolkata.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7394 :: ('MESH:D004165', 'Disease') :: ['diphtheria']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['Palatal palsy']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['Myocarditis']

answer: @entity3329 :: (MESH:D008206,Disease) :: ['fatality']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A study was performed to assess the acute association between air pollution, pollen and spores, and mortality in a population based cohort of subjects with @entity565 recruited from emergency room admissions for an @entity565 exacerbation using a case crossover design. METHODS: @entity1 in Barcelona aged over 14 years who died during the period 1985-95 who had visited the emergency department of one of the four largest hospitals in the city for @entity565 during 1985-9 were included in the study (a total of 467 @entity1 and 611 @entity1 ). @entity204 were identified by record linkage of the cohort individuals with the Catalonia mortality registry. Causes of @entity204 were based on the underlying cause on the @entity204 certificate. Air pollution, pollen and spore levels were measured at the city monitoring stations which provide an average for the entire city. RESULTS: @entity7459 was associated with mortality for all causes of @entity204 (adjusted odds ratio (OR) for an increase of the interquartile range = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 2.64) in @entity748 @entity1 with more than one emergency room admission for @entity565 . The association was particularly strong for respiratory causes (OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.86). @entity1787 also increased the risk of @entity204 in @entity748 @entity1 (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.30) during spring and summer. The association with particles, pollen, and spores was not significant, and no interactions between air pollutants and pollen and spores were found. CONCLUSION: @entity7459 and @entity1787 may exacerbate severe @entity565 and even cause @entity204 among @entity748 subjects.

title: Effect of XXXX and @entity1787 on the risk of dying in @entity1 with severe @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity7459 :: (MESH:D009585,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the convergence of five rare phenotypic features in a @entity1 with @entity11157 referred for reproductive endocrinology evaluation. DESIGN: Case report and literature review. SETTING: Major urban @entity249 referral center. @entity1 (S): A 24-year-old nulligravida with @entity31960 ( @entity31960 ), @entity11157 , unilateral @entity43 , septate uterus, and de novo balanced autosomal translocation. INTERVENTION(S): High-resolution chromosomal evaluation, radiographic study of reproductive organs, and assessment of endogenous @entity172 production. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity1 counseling regarding future reproductive options (i.e., donor oocyte in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer), and satisfactory management of hypoestrogenism using oral contraceptives. RESULT(S): We identified a balanced reciprocal translocation 46,XX t(8;9)(q22.1;p24.1), and confirmed unilateral @entity43 with midline intrauterine septum. CONCLUSION(S): Although genetic factors considered contributory to @entity11157 usually involve the X chromosome, in our @entity1 a previously undescribed autosomal translocation was identified in association with @entity31960 , a rare @entity455 . The fundamental role of follicular oxygenation in oocyte competence and subsequent ovarian function is discussed. From the clinical and laboratory findings evident in this unusual case, a developmental hypothesis connecting the vascular abnormalities of @entity31960 and @entity11157 is offered.

title: First reported convergence of XXXX and @entity31960 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian agenesis']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorder']

entities_list: @entity31960 :: ('MESH:C536226', 'Disease') :: ['cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita', 'CMTC']

answer: @entity11157 :: (MESH:D016649,Disease) :: ['premature ovarian failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 dental pulp cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from @entity661 have been used for the repair of damaged tooth tissues. @entity1 platelet lysate (PL) has been suggested as a substitute for @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) for large scale expansion of dental stem cells. However, biological effects and optimal concentrations of PL for proliferation and differentiation of @entity1 dental stem cells remain to be elucidated. METHODOLOGY: DPSCs and @entity33887 cells were isolated from impacted third molars of young healthy donors, at the stage of root development and identified by markers using flow cytometry. For comparison the cells were cultured in media containing PL (1%, 5% and 10%) and @entity2241 , with subsequent induction for osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation. The cultures were analyzed for; morphology, growth characteristics, mineralization potential ( @entity622 method) and differentiation markers using ELISA and real time -polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS: The proliferation rates of DPSCs and @entity33887 significantly increased when cells were treated with 5% PL (7X doubling time) as compared to @entity2241 . 5% PL also enhanced mineralized differentiation of DPSCs and @entity33887 , as indicated by the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin and @entity1096 , @entity460 deposition and q-PCR. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that using 5% platelet lysate, proliferation and osteo/odontogenesis of DPSCs and @entity33887 for a short period of time (15 days), was significantly improved. This may imply its use as an optimum concentration for expansion of dental stem cells in bone regeneration.

title: Comparison of osteo/odontogenic differentiation of @entity1 adult dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from XXXX in the presence of platelet lysate.

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['Alizarin Red']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['apical papilla']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fetal bovine serum']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['apical papilla']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of acute @entity716 stress on @entity413 homeostasis in nondiabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity were determined by the homeostasis model assessment in 39 nondiabetic @entity1 with acute @entity716 admitted to a @entity146 ward. The clinical global impression (CGI) score was used to evaluate the level of psychological stress. @entity1 were assessed on admission, after 2 weeks, before discharge, and 6 months after discharge. RESULTS: The mean CGI score decreased significantly with time: 5.3 +/- 0.8 and 1.6 +/- 0.7 on admission and predischarge, respectively (P < 0.001). This was associated with a significant reciprocal increase of mean beta-cell function from 96.8 +/- 33.2 to 134.4 +/- 60% at admission and postdischarge, respectively (P < 0.003), and a decrease of mean insulin sensitivity from 101.7 +/- 36 to 77.1 +/- 34.8% (P < 0.001). In contrast, mean @entity413 and HbA(1c) levels did not change significantly. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that @entity1 with the highest stress score on admission (> or =6) had significantly higher @entity413 (P = 0.01) and insulin levels (P = 0.04) than @entity1 with lower score (<6). Furthermore, insulin sensitivity and CGI score on admission were inversely correlated (r = -0.38, P < 0.02). In these @entity1 , no correlation was found between beta-cell function or insulin sensitivity and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity are inversely correlated with acute @entity716 stress.

title: Effect of acute XXXX stress in nondiabetic subjects on beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic stress reaction']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic']


abstract: Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue (GHS) receptor, stimulates GH release, appetite, and @entity1017 in @entity1 and rodents. Synthetic GHSs modulate sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) and nocturnal hormone secretion. We studied the effect of 4 x 50 microg of ghrelin administered hourly as intravenous boluses between 2200 and 0100 on sleep EEG and the secretion of plasma GH, ACTH, @entity701 , prolactin, and leptin in @entity1 (n = 7). After ghrelin administration, slow-wave sleep was increased during the total night and accumulated delta-wave activity was enhanced during the second half of the night. @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep was reduced during the second third of the night, whereas all other sleep EEG variables remained unchanged. Furthermore, GH and prolactin plasma levels were enhanced throughout the night, and @entity701 levels increased during the first part of the night (2200-0300). The response of GH to ghrelin was most distinct after the first injection and lowest after the fourth injection. In contrast, @entity701 showed an inverse pattern of response. Leptin levels did not differ between groups. Our data show a distinct action of exogenous ghrelin on sleep EEG and nocturnal hormone secretion. We suggest that ghrelin is an endogenous sleep-promoting factor. This role appears to be complementary to the already described effects of the peptide in the regulation of energy balance. Furthermore, ghrelin appears to be a common stimulus of the somatotropic and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical systems. It appears that ghrelin is a sleep-promoting factor in @entity1 .

title: Ghrelin promotes slow-wave sleep in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'Rapid-eye-movement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: In spite of research efforts to develop vaccines against the causative agent of @entity1 @entity311 , @entity3964 , effective control remains elusive. The predominant vaccine strategy focuses on targeting parasite blood stages in the vertebrate host. An alternative approach has been the development of @entity616 ( @entity616 ). @entity616 target antigens on parasite sexual stages that persist within the insect vector, anopheline mosquitoes, or target mosquito midgut proteins that are presumed to mediate parasite development. By blocking parasite development within the insect vector, @entity616 effectively disrupt transmission and the resultant cascade of secondary infections. Using a mosquito midgut-specific mouse monoclonal antibody (MG96), we have partially characterized membrane-bound midgut glycoproteins in @entity313 and Anopheles stephensi. These proteins are present on the microvilli of midgut epithelial cells in both blood-fed and unfed mosquitoes, suggesting that the expression of the protein is not induced as a result of blood feeding. MG96 exhibits a dose-dependent blocking effect against @entity501 development in An. stephensi. We achieved 100% blocking of parasite development in the mosquito midgut. Preliminary deglycosylation assays indicate that the epitope recognized by MG96 is a complex oligosaccharide. Future investigation of the @entity1735 epitope as well as gene identification should provide valuable insight into the possible mechanisms of ookinete attachment and invasion of mosquito midgut epithelial cells.

title: Monoclonal antibody MG96 completely blocks XXXX development in Anopheles stephensi.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity501 :: ('5861', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium yoelii']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['TBVs', 'transmission-blocking vaccines']

answer: @entity501 :: (5861,Species) :: ['Plasmodium yoelii']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cinclidotus fontinaloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv. and Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra were used in this study. The chemical composition of mosses in the @entity1068 and water extract was determined using GC-MS and FT-IR. Antioxidant activities of moss extracts were tested by total @entity3971 and @entity16376 methods. @entity22143 equivalent value (TEAC) of mosses was calculated as 26      0.32 and 10      0.22  mg/g. The amounts of the @entity3096 compounds were calculated as mg @entity11676 . @entity11676 equivalent value of mosses was calculated as 587      0.55 and 496      0.22  mg/g. The extracts antimicrobial activity was tested against @entity526 (ATCC 8739), @entity3881 (ATCC 6633), @entity794 (ATCC 6538), @entity796 ( @entity796 ) and @entity5132 (ATCC 10231). Significant antibacterial effect was observed for C. fontinaloides and P. commutata in @entity1068 extract. Total @entity4211 activities of C. fontinaloides and P. commutata were determined as 50      0.17 and 144      0.33  mg/L.

title: Chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and XXXX activities of mosses (Cinclidotus fontinaloides (Hedw.) P.Beauv. and Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra) gathered from Turkey.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'ATCC 10145']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanin']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity11676 :: ('MESH:D005707', 'Chemical') :: ['gallic acid', 'Gallic acid']

answer: @entity4211 :: (MESH:D000872,Chemical) :: ['anthocyanin']


abstract: The management and outcome of treatment in 42 @entity1 (49 shoulders) with an infected shoulder prosthesis was reviewed in a retrospective multicentre study of 2343 prostheses. The factors which were analysed included the primary diagnosis, the delay between the diagnosis of @entity281 and treatment and the type of treatment. Treatment was considered to be successful in 30 @entity1 (71%). Previous surgery and radiotherapy were identified as risk factors for the development of @entity281 . All @entity1 with an infected prosthesis had @entity158 and limitation of movement and 88% showed radiological loosening. In 50% of the shoulders, the antibiotics chosen and the length of treatment were considered not to be optimal. The mean follow-up was 34 months. Antibiotics or debridement alone were ineffective. In @entity697 , immediate revision with excision of all infected tissue and exchange of the prosthesis with appropriate antibiotic therapy gave the best results. Multidisciplinary collaboration is recommended.

title: The management of XXXX in arthroplasty of the shoulder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: The present study aims to assess the results of single-stage instrumentation and fusion at the time of surgical debridement of spinal infections; @entity4034 or @entity7181 . Nine @entity1 with @entity281 were treated with instrumentation and fusion after radical debridement in a single-stage operation. Predisposing factors and comorbidities, @entity158 , American @entity3510 Association motor scores, primary pathologies, microbiology and perioperative markers were recorded. Seven @entity1 with pyogenic and two with @entity281 were encountered; the most common pathogen was @entity794 . Five @entity1 were predisposed to @entity6 . Duration of antibiotic therapy lasted up to 12months. Six @entity1 had @entity281 , two lumbar and one cervical. No post-operative complications were encountered. There was a significant reduction in @entity158 scores compared to pre-operatively. All @entity1 with @entity51 improved post-operatively. Despite introduction of hardware, no @entity1 had a recurrence of their @entity281 in the 12month follow up period. Single-stage debridement and instrumentation appeared to be a safe and effective method of managing spinal infections. The combination of debridement and fusion has the dual benefit of removing a focus of @entity281 and stabilising the spine. The current series confirms that placing titanium cages into an infected space is safe in a majority of @entity1 . Stabilisation and correction of @entity85 reduces @entity158 , aids neurologic recovery and improves quality of life. The small @entity1 population and retrospective nature limit the present study.

title: Safety of instrumentation and fusion at the time of surgical debridement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['infection because of diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous spinal infection', 'infection', 'spinal infection', 'thoracic infection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['epidural abscess']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['spinal infection']


abstract: @entity174 are rare. When present, they produce lower @entity129 . A 32 year old @entity1 sustained @entity1230 . At the time of admission the @entity1 had no @entity51 . Three weeks after the accident, the @entity1 complained of slurring of speech. Clinical examination revealed an isolated @entity6256 . Radiological evaluation revealed an occipital condyle @entity174 . The @entity1 was treated with a rigid collar. Eighteen months after the injury, the @entity1 noted slight improvement in his speech. However, clinical examination showed a persistent hypoglosssal palsy. @entity174 are rare. They may be associated with lower @entity129 . As demonstrated by this case, this entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity6256 . Since occipital condyle fractures can exist without @entity51 , special attention should be paid to imaging of the craniovertebral junction in @entity1 with @entity542 .

title: Delayed @entity6256 following occipital condyle XXXX --case report.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial palsies and/or brainstem dysfunction', 'cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'Occipital condyle fractures']

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglossal palsy']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the stigmatization of @entity28 relative to the stigmatization of @entity717 among young @entity1 and @entity1 . Attitudes across ethnic groups were compared. In addition, these findings were compared with data showing severe stigmatization of @entity28 among @entity1 . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: @entity1 included 356 university students (56% @entity1 ; mean age, 20.6 years; mean BMI, 23.3 kg/m2; range, 14.4 to 45.0 kg/m2) who ranked six drawings of same-sex peers in order of how well they liked each @entity1 . The drawings showed adults with @entity28 , @entity717 , or no disability. These rankings were compared with those obtained through a similar procedure with 458 fifth- and sixth-grade @entity1 . RESULTS: Obesity was highly stigmatized relative to physical disabilities. African-American @entity1 liked @entity28 peers more than did African-American @entity1 , white @entity1 , or white @entity1 [F(1,216) = 4.02, p < 0.05]. Overweight and @entity28 @entity1 were no less stigmatizing of @entity28 than normal weight @entity1 . Adults were more accepting than @entity1 of their @entity28 peers [t(761) = 9.16, p < 0.001]. DISCUSSION: Although the stigmatization of @entity28 was high among @entity1 overall, African-American @entity1 seemed to have more positive attitudes toward @entity28 than did white @entity1 , white @entity1 , or African-American @entity1 . @entity1 ' weight did not affect their stigmatization of @entity28 : @entity28 and overweight adults were as highly stigmatizing of @entity28 as non-overweight adults. Such internalized stigmatization could help to explain the low self-esteem and poor body image among @entity28 young adults. However, adults seemed to have more positive attitudes about @entity28 than @entity1 . An understanding of the factors that limit the stigma of @entity28 among African-American @entity1 could help efforts to reduce stigma.

title: Stigmatized students: age, sex, and ethnicity effects in the stigmatization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'person', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['various disabilities']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Available data suggest that more than 3 million @entity1 in South Africa are infected with @entity645 . According to the 1998 South African Health Review, just under 20% of the population belongs to a medical aid scheme. With so many @entity1 in South Africa infected with @entity645 , many members of such schemes, or their dependents, are probably infected with @entity645 . However, the country's medical schemes have, until recently, ignored the problem. @entity645 / @entity791 is either excluded completely, or if benefits are made available, they are far from adequate and rarely applied for because of fear of a lack of confidentiality. Few schemes seem to be aware that they are already paying for undisclosed @entity645 / @entity791 -related conditions, and that substantial costs are involved. As South Africa's @entity645 / @entity791 epidemic grows, medical schemes will either continue ignoring the problem and face certain financial disaster or provide for managed access to reasonable benefits. Pharmaceutical Benefit Management (PBM), an independent managed health care company, has adopted this latter approach in launching its @entity791 ( @entity791 ) program in May 1998. The program was designed and launched to facilitate the clinical and financial management of each @entity1 by a medical practitioner, by providing a comprehensive and confidential benefit management program with access to reasonable benefits within the budget of given medical schemes. 15 medical schemes with more than 1 million members and dependents have thus far joined @entity791 .

title: XXXX : an innovative solution?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['Aid for AIDS', 'AIDS', 'AIA']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['Aid for AIDS']


abstract: Natural killer T cells are immunoregulatory cells, which have important roles in tolerance and autoimmunity, as demonstrated primarily in @entity19 and @entity1 . In this study, we define the phenotype and function of Valpha24(+) T cells derived from the spleens of @entity2608 , a species increasingly used in models of immune tolerance. Valpha24(+) cells were isolated and expanded with monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells in the presence of @entity10380 , @entity36224 , and @entity51338 . Rhesus NKT cells were stained with mAbs against both Valpha24 and the invariant complementarity-determining region 3 epitope of the @entity1 Valpha24/JalphaQ TCR. The cells were @entity8888 , CD8 double negative and expressed CD56. Rhesus NKT cells also exhibited moderate to high expression of @entity60282 , CD45RO, CD11a, and beta(7) integrin, but did not express CD45 RA, CD62L, @entity64326 , @entity64327 , and other activation, costimulatory molecules ( @entity64328 and @entity64329 ). By intracellular staining, >90% of unstimulated rhesus NKT cells expressed @entity57330 , but not @entity64330 . However, the latter was strongly expressed after stimulation. Rhesus NKT secreted large amounts of TGF-beta, @entity64331 , and @entity51337 , and modest levels of @entity64330 , whereas @entity57330 secretion was negligible and no detectable @entity51342 was observed either intracellularly or in culture supernatants. Functionally, the NKT cells and their supernatants suppressed T cell proliferation in allogeneic MLR. We conclude that long-term cultured @entity2608 spleen-derived Valpha24(+) T cells are semi-invariant double-negative cells with effector memory phenotype. These cells are semianergic, polarized to a uniquely Th3 > T regulatory-1 regulatory cell phenotype, and have regulatory/suppressive function in vitro.

title: Phenotypic and functional characterization of long-term cultured XXXX spleen-derived NKT cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques', 'rhesus macaque']

entities_list: @entity10380 :: ('MESH:C493154', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-galactosylceramide']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus macaque']


abstract: Hematologists are increasingly involved in the diagnosis and management of @entity1 with @entity1211 . There have been major advances in recent years in our understanding of the central role of @entity49 in the pathogenesis of @entity715 . This has led to new approaches to the diagnosis of @entity1 at risk for @entity715 and the development of more rational antithrombotic strategies. In Section I, Dr. Andrew Schafer reviews current concepts of acquired and @entity74 . It is now recognized that most, if not all, @entity1 with @entity1211 have a genetic basis for the disorder (" @entity49 "). The level of lifelong, baseline @entity49 in any individual may be determined by the type(s) and number of @entity49 (s) that are inherited. Clinical episodes of @entity715 are precipitated by acquired thrombogenic triggers, which may be overt (e.g., pregnancy) or subclinical. In Section II, Dr. @entity7133 Levine discusses the complex problem of @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity5 . The goals of treating @entity1211 in @entity5 @entity1 are to prevent recurrence, minimize the risk of anticoagulant-induced @entity548 , and improve quality of life. New developments have improved treatment of @entity1211 in these @entity1 , including outpatient therapy and secondary prevention with low-molecular-weight heparin. In Section III, Dr. Barbara Konkle reviews the diagnosis and management of @entity715 complications associated with pregnancy and hormonal therapy. @entity1 management is discussed based on data on @entity715 risks associated with hormonal treatment of @entity249 , pregnancy and the post-partum period in @entity1 with and without underlying thrombophilic risk factors. In Section IV, Dr. Clive Kearon discusses the management of anticoagulation before and after elective surgery. In the past, there has been no consensus on the perioperative management of anticoagulation for @entity1 who require long-term warfarin therapy. This review considers the expected risks and benefits of different approaches to anticoagulation in @entity1 who require @entity1229 because of @entity955 , a mechanical heart valve, or a history of @entity1211 .

title: XXXX : diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia', 'hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited hypercoagulable states']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous and arterial thromboembolic disorders', 'acute venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombotic disorders']


abstract: The in vivo and in vitro effects of PGA1 on @entity413 utilization were investigated in normal @entity35 and in @entity35 with @entity6 (50 mg/kg i.v. administered 48 hrs before experiment). The animals were divided into two groups. The first group -- which included both normal and @entity6 animals -- was submitted to an IVGIT after a 12-h fast and during a @entity2827 infusion. In the second group -- which equally included normal and @entity6 @entity35 -- the same GTT was performed during a @entity2827 infusion in which PGA1 had been diluted, so that a dose of 0.5 g/kg/min was administered. This dose is devoid of any effect on cardiovascular activity. For in vitro experiments, @entity413 utilization was studied in the @entity35 diaphragm incubated with insulin (200 muU/ml) and PGA1 (10 and 100 ng): results demonstrated that PGA1 enhances the insulin effect on @entity413 utilization and the enhancement is dose-dependent. The same results were observed also in the in vivo experiments: in normal @entity35 PGA1 really improves @entity413 utilization without any interference with insulin secretion from B-cells. On the other hand, @entity10199 has no effect on this utilization in @entity6 @entity35 . From our experiments it can therefore be concluded that PGA1 improves @entity413 utilization, showing a synergic action with the increased quantity of insulin secreted in response to a @entity413 load. No effect is noted when insulin secretion from B-cells is reduced or absent.

title: In vivo and in vitro experiments on relationships between PGA1 and XXXX utilization.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'alloxan-diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']