abstract: In the budding @entity375 @entity375 , @entity6379 is sequestered within the nucleolus before anaphase entry through its association with @entity23525 / @entity23525 , a nucleolar protein. Protein phosphatase PP2A( @entity29418 ) dephosphorylates @entity23525 and keeps it as a hypophosphorylated form before anaphase. Activation of the Cdc fourteen early anaphase release (FEAR) pathway after anaphase entry induces a brief @entity6379 release from the nucleolus. Some of the components in the FEAR pathway, including @entity23524 , @entity26061 , and @entity44390 , inactivate PP2A( @entity29418 ), allowing the phosphorylation of @entity23525 by mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) ( @entity20495 - @entity11869 ). However, the function of another FEAR component, the Polo-like kinase @entity16255 , remains elusive. Here, we show evidence indicating that @entity16255 promotes @entity6379 release primarily by stimulating the degradation of @entity5676 , the inhibitory kinase for mitotic Cdk. First, we found that deletion of @entity5676 partially suppresses the FEAR defects in @entity16255 mutants. In contrast, high levels of @entity5676 impair FEAR activation. We also demonstrated that the accumulation of @entity5676 in @entity16255 mutants is responsible for the decreased @entity23525 phosphorylation. Therefore, we conclude that the down-regulation of @entity5676 protein levels by @entity16255 promotes FEAR activation by relieving the inhibition on @entity20495 - @entity11869 , the kinase for @entity23525 protein.

title: The molecular function of the @entity375 polo-like kinase XXXX in @entity6379 release during early anaphase.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity16255 :: (855013(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Cdc5']


abstract: Protein S (ProS) is an essential plasma protein that enhances the anticoagulant activity of @entity10855 ( @entity10855 ). In vitro , purified native @entity1 @entity8862 -containing ProS also exerts direct anticoagulant activity by inhibiting prothrombinase and extrinsic FXase activities independently of @entity10855 . We investigated antithrombotic effects of ProS infused without @entity10855 in a @entity3474 shunt model of thrombogenesis that employs a device consisting of arterial and venous shear flow segments. In in vitro experiments, the @entity8862 -containing @entity1 ProS used for the studies displayed >10-fold higher prothrombinase inhibitory activity and anticoagulant activity in tissue factor-stimulated plasma, and four-fold higher inhibition of the intrinsic pathway than the @entity8862 -deficient ProS used. In the @entity715 model, ProS (33  g/minute for 1 hour) or saline was infused locally; platelet and fibrin deposition in the shunt were measured over 2 hours. During experiments performed at 50 ml/minute blood flow, @entity8862 -containing ProS inhibited platelet deposition 73-96% in arterial-type flow segments and 90-99% in venous-type flow segments; @entity8862 -deficient ProS inhibited platelet deposition 52% in arterial-type flow segments and 65-73% in venous-type flow segments. At 100 ml/min blood flow rate, @entity8862 -containing ProS inhibited platelet deposition by 39% and 73% in the respective segments; @entity8862 -deficient ProS inhibited platelet deposition by 5% and 0% in the respective segments. @entity8862 -containing ProS suppressed fibrin deposition by 67-90%. Systemic @entity10855 -independent ProS activity was significantly increased and thrombin-antithrombin complex levels were significantly decreased after infusion of ProS. Thus, infused @entity1 @entity8862 -containing ProS is antithrombotic in primates, and may have therapeutic potential even in protein C-deficient @entity1 @entity1 .

title: Antithrombotic activity of protein S infused without XXXX in a @entity3474 @entity715 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10855 :: ('MESH:D020016', 'Disease') :: ['activated protein C', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity10855 :: (MESH:D020016,Disease) :: ['activated protein C']


abstract: Mutations in DNA repair genes have previously been identified as causative factors for @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ). Recent evidence also supports an association between DNA sequence variation in these genes and sporadic @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Genetic investigation of DNA repair genes @entity14437 , @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity4638 , @entity20701 , @entity9552 and @entity32058 , as possible susceptibility factors for sporadic @entity14 , was done using both a haplotype tagging and a candidate (i.e. coding) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) approach. Some 1,068 @entity1 with operated @entity14 (median age at diagnosis: 59 years) were compared to 738 sex-matched control individuals (median age: 67 years). Haplotype tagging SNPs, previously reported risk variants and all known coding SNPs with a minor allele frequency >0.005 were genotyped in @entity14437 (N = 10), @entity6756 (N = 11), @entity4311 (N = 18), @entity4638 (N = 15), @entity20701 (N = 7), @entity9552 (N = 11) and @entity32058 (N = 3). No evidence for an association between @entity14 and any of the 7 genes was detected, neither with the tagging or coding SNPs nor in a sliding window haplotype analysis (all nominal p-values >0.05). The previously reported risk variants @entity37776 in @entity6756 and @entity37777 in @entity9552 were not even observed in the German population. Genetic @entity14 risk factors so far identified in DNA repair genes seem to be rare and population-specific. Their association with the disease could not be replicated in German @entity14 samples. It remains to be elucidated by more systematic, large-scale experiments whether common variants in the same genes, but present across populations, represent risk factors for sporadic @entity14 .

title: Genetic investigation of DNA-repair pathway genes @entity14437 , @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity4638 , @entity20701 , @entity9552 and XXXX in sporadic colon cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer', 'HNPCC']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity32058 :: (4521,Gene) :: ['MTH1']


abstract: Superovulation has been practiced in @entity291 for more than 50 years but the results have been highly variable. Scientists at six locations compared a @entity1641 pituitary extract (HAP) with a single batch of porcine FSH (pFSH) to determine the efficacy of these hormones to induce superovulation and to test for variability in the superovulatory response. @entity1324 -dried @entity1641 pituitaries were suspended in 40% @entity1068 containing 6% @entity6190 , and the supernatant was mixed with 2.5 volumes of cold @entity1068 . The resulting precipitate was washed with cold ether and dried. Total doses of 18 mg of HAP and 36 mg of pFSH were injected intramuscularly (i.m.) over 4 days, two injections per day, and @entity3009 (PGF(2)alpha; 25 mg, i.m.) was administered on Day 3. Injections were begun on Days 6 to 13 of the estrous cycle. The overall ovulation rates (mean +/- SEM) for HAP and FSH were 8.8 +/- 0.7 and 15.1 +/- 1.0, respectively (n=231; P<0.01). Location interacted (P<0.01) with the type of gonadotropin for the ovulation rate. When expressed as a proportion of the number of corpora lutea, the total number of embryos recovered was greater (P=0.03) for pFSH than for HAP, but there was no difference in the number of Quality 1 and 2 embryos. The results show that HAP can induce a satisfactory superovulatory response, but there was no evidence of reduced variability of response to HAP compared with pFSH.

title: Superovulation of XXXX with @entity1641 pituitary extract and porcine ESH.

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In hemiparetic @entity1 , rectus femoris @entity508 is one of the main causes of reduced knee flexion in swing phase, known as stiff knee gait. Botulinum toxin is often used to reduce rectus femoris @entity508 and to increase knee flexion during swing phase. However, the mechanisms behind these improvements remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was (1) to quantify maximal rectus femoris length and lengthening velocity during gait in ten adult hemiparetic subjects with rectus femoris @entity508 and stiff knee gait and to compare these parameters with those of ten healthy subjects and (2) to study the effect of botulinum toxin injection in the rectus femoris muscle on the same parameters. METHODS: 10 @entity1 with stiff knee gait and rectus femoris @entity508 underwent 3D gait analysis before and one month after botulinum toxin injection of the rectus femoris (200 U Botox, Allergan Inc., Markham, Ontario, CANADA). Rectus femoris length and lengthening velocity were quantified using a musculoskeletal model (SIMM, MusculoGraphics, Inc., Santa Rosa, California, USA). FINDINGS: Maximal length and lengthening velocity of the rectus femoris were significantly reduced on the paretic side. There was a significant increase in muscle length as well as lengthening velocity during gait following botulinum toxin injection. INTERPRETATION: This study showed that botulinum toxin injection in the spastic rectus femoris of hemiparetic @entity1 improves muscle kinematics during gait. However maximal rectus femoris length did not reach normal values following injection, suggesting that other mechanisms are likely involved.

title: Effect of botulinum toxin injection on length and lengthening velocity of rectus femoris during gait in hemiparetic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To understand the relation between differentiation and @entity3 and to identify genes involved in invasive or metastatic potential of @entity5 cells it is necessary to develop experimental models allowing in vivo and in vitro studies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Cell lines with definite metastatic potentials have been established and cloned from a metastatic nodule of an induced @entity980 in syngeneic F344 @entity35 . The parental cell line, SMF-A, is tumorigenic, highly invasive and metastatic. Another cell line, SMF-D, derived from the parental cell line, is also tumorigenic but not metastatic. Biopathologic differences between the metastatic and nonmetastatic SMF cell lines have been studied. RESULTS: The loss of metastatic potential of the SMF-D cell line was found to be stable and was accompanied by changes in in vitro invasiveness and in myogenic differentiation state. An immunohistochemical study of the expression of cytoskeletal proteins ( @entity7229 , @entity10944 , alpha-actins) indicates that @entity10944 is undetectable in metastatic SMF-A cells, whereas it is strongly expressed in the nonmetastatic SMF-D cells. However, the two cell lines express @entity7229 but not sarcomeric alpha-actin. These observations suggest that SMF-A cells are of undifferentiated premyoblastic type and SMF-D cells, of myoblastic type. Our study suggests an association between the appearance of myogenic differentiation and the loss of metastatic potential in the SMF-D cell line. CONCLUSIONS: This @entity35 myoblastic @entity242 model may prove useful for in vivo and in vitro studies of the metastatic potential of @entity5 cells. This model also lends itself to studies of the relation between invasive or metastatic potential and differentiation since the steps of myogenic differentiation are well known.

title: @entity35 myoblastic @entity242 cell lines. A model for the study of invasion, XXXX , and myogenic differentiation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Netherlands has a well-developed primary care system, which increasingly collaborates with hospital @entity341 ( @entity341 ). In this setting, insight into crowding in @entity341 is limited. This study explored links between @entity1 ' @entity2613 Length of Stay (LOS) and their care pathways. METHODS: Observational multicenter study of 7000 @entity2613 @entity1 records from 1 February 2013. Seven @entity341 spread over the Netherlands, representing overall Dutch @entity341 , were included. This included three @entity341 with and four @entity341 without an integrated @entity298 ( @entity298 ) cooperative, forming one Emergency Care Access Point (ECAP). The main outcome was LOS of @entity1 comparing different care pathways (origin and destination of @entity2613 attenders). RESULTS: The median LOS of @entity2613 attenders was 130.0  min (IQR 79.0-140.0), which increased with @entity1 ' age. Random coefficient regression analysis showed that LOS for @entity1 referred by medical professionals was 32.9  min longer compared to self-referred @entity1 (95  % CI 27.7-38.2  min). LOS for @entity1 admitted to hospital was 41.2  min longer compared to @entity1 followed-up at the outpatient clinic (95  % CI 35.3-46.6  min), 49.9  min longer compared to @entity1 followed-up at the @entity298 (95  % CI 41.5-58.3  min) and 44.6  min longer compared to @entity1 who did not receive follow-up (95  % CI 38.3-51.0  min). There was no difference in LOS between hospitals with or without an ECAP. CONCLUSIONS: With 130  min, the median LOS in Dutch @entity341 is relatively short, comparing to other Western countries, which ranges from 176 to 480  min. Although integration of @entity341 with out-of-hours primary care was not related to LOS, the strong primary care system probably contributed to the overall short LOS of @entity2613 @entity1 in the Netherlands.

title: Impact of a well-developed primary care system on the length of stay in XXXX in the Netherlands: a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['primary-care-physician', 'PCP']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency departments']


abstract: The high cost and nonavailability of plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin are prohibitive for the treatment of @entity5011 in resource-poor settings. Exchange transfusion can be an alternative therapy for severe disease in @entity1 . The effectiveness of exchange transfusion was evaluated in nine @entity1 (median age 6 years) with severe @entity5011 (functional disability score >/= 4). All @entity1 had @entity425 for a median duration of 4 days (range 2-16 days). Upper limb @entity425 (n = 8), respiratory involvement (n = 7), pooling of oral secretions (n = 3), and @entity3541 (n = 1) were other motor signs. Four @entity1 developed @entity1576 ; three were ventilated. Other clinical features included @entity158 , meningismus and Las  gue's sign, backache, excessive sweating, and hemodynamic instability. Two @entity1 had albuminocytologic dissociation on cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Nerve conduction velocity testing was done in three @entity1 ; two had suggestive findings. One course of exchange transfusion could be performed in seven @entity1 . Six @entity1 (86%) responded well with one or more of the following: a halt in progressive @entity425 , @entity158 , meningismus, and straight-leg raising within 24 to 48 hours; one could be weaned off the ventilator by 60 hours. All had improvement in motor power of at least one muscle group by one grade within 3 to 7 days. Two @entity1 died, whereas five (71% of the treatment group) were discharged and could walk independently by 4 months. Two untreated ones had died. Exchange transfusion seems to be a safe and effective alternative for severe @entity5011 . It should be offered whenever intravenous immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis is not available or affordable. Replacement of immunosaturated red cells, removal of activated T cells and monocytes, and transient @entity882 are possible explanations for its effectiveness in addition to removal of pathogenic autoantibodies, immune complexes, cytokines, and complements.

title: Exchange transfusion: a low-cost alternative for severe childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['motor weakness', 'lower limb weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['improvement in leg pains', 'leg pains']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in reducing @entity12761 as measured by the visual analog scale (VAS). A systematic search of nine electronic databases was conducted to identify original articles. For study selection, two reviewers independently assessed titles, abstracts, and full text for eligibility. Methodological quality was assessed using the Detsky scale. Data were analyzed using random-effects model in the presence of heterogeneity and fixed-effect model in its absence. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic and quantifying I (2). Risk ratios (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Eight randomized controlled trials involving 443 @entity1 met the strict inclusion criteria. Inter-rater reliability for study selection was 92.8 % (95 % CIs 80.9-100 %) and for methodological quality assessment was 83.9 % (95 % CIs 19.4-96.8 %). Five trials included @entity1 with @entity158 ( @entity158 ), and three trials included different @entity1 populations. A meta-analysis of five @entity158 trials revealed a mean improvement of VAS score of 10.54 with LLLT (95 % CI 0.37-20.71; Heterogeneity I (2 )= 65 %, P = 0.02). This systematic review provides inconclusive evidence because of significant between-study heterogeneity and potential risk of bias. The benefit seen in the use of LLLT, although statistically significant, does not constitute the threshold of minimally important clinical difference.

title: Is low-level laser therapy in relieving neck XXXX effective? Systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic neck pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['CMPS', 'cervical myofascial pain syndrome']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report our experience with four cases of @entity6509 , including responses to long-term systemic treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective interventional case series. METHODS: The medical records of four consecutive cases diagnosed with @entity6509 over a period of 36 months were reviewed. Diagnostic criteria were @entity409 , @entity14985 , lid margin @entity8721 , punctate superficial @entity2372 , and @entity3169 with or without @entity455 . RESULTS: The @entity1 , aged between four and 12, were all females with bilateral disease. Meibomitis, @entity14985 , @entity3169 , and punctuate epitheliopathy was evident in each case. Cutaneous involvement was seen in two cases (50%), and limbal vascularization with subepithelial or stromal infiltrates was present in three cases (75%). One case showed corneal ulceration at presentation. All four @entity1 received systemic @entity3403 or @entity2929 for at least 12 months and showed considerable improvement within the first month of therapy. No recurrence was noted within the mean 25.5 months of follow-up. None of the @entity1 experienced any side effects during the long treatment duration. CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmologists should consider acne @entity6509 as a potential diagnosis for any @entity1 who has any @entity66 , chronic @entity14985 , recurrent @entity14938 , and chronic symptoms of @entity3917 , @entity146 , and redness that does not respond to routine medical treatment. Such @entity1 respond very well to long-term treatment with systemic @entity2929 / @entity3403 .

title: XXXX : long-term treatment with systemic antibiotics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['inferior corneal vascularization']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['combination of meibomian disease']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['ocular irritation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['meibomian gland dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity14985 :: ('MESH:D001762', 'Disease') :: ['blepharitis']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity6509 :: ('MESH:D012393', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric ocular acne rosacea', 'rosacea']

answer: @entity6509 :: (MESH:D012393,Disease) :: ['Pediatric ocular acne rosacea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Damage provoked by @entity63 in renal transplants is difficult to quantify. To determine whether a donated organ is fit for transplantation. We sought to correlate the findings of fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) with histologic evidence of @entity63 and organ viability. METHODS: Kidneys of 33 @entity35 were submitted to FS of the upper and lower poles as well as the middle third. Excitation was generated by the laser's wavelengths of 408, 442, and 532 nm. @entity35 were randomized into groups with the 30, 60, and 120 minutes @entity63 before analysis by FS, that was repeated at 5 minutes after reperfusion. RESULTS: FS results in the reperfusion phase correlated with @entity63 time and degree of @entity130 . After 60 or 120 minutes of @entity63 , the excitation lasers of 532 and 442 nm resented a significant negative correlation coefficient with the histological grade (r = -0.61 and r = -0.73, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong correlation between FS and histologic changes only in the reperfusion phase after @entity8 . The method was thus unable to assess the viability of organs before transplantation.

title: Fluorescence spectroscopy in XXXX and reperfusion: noninvasive evaluation of organ viability.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['histologic injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'warm ischemia', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and the incidence of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) has been examined in many studies. However, the findings are not entirely consistent across studies. Our goal was to evaluate the association between @entity27 and risk of @entity65 and all-cause mortality by performing a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. METHODS: We used generalized least squares regression models to estimate the dose-response relationship. Heterogeneity, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses and publication bias were performed. RESULTS: Twelve prospective cohort studies involving 25,760 @entity1 were included in the meta-analysis. The overall combined relative risks for individuals with severe @entity27 compared with individuals with an AHI of <5 were 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47 to 2.18) for @entity65 , 1.21 (95% CI: 0.75 to 1.96) for incident fatal and non-fatal @entity301 , 2.15 (95% CI: 1.42 to 3.24) for incident fatal and non-fatal @entity64 , and 1.92 (95% CI: 1.38 to 2.69) for deaths from all-causes. A positive association with @entity65 was observed for moderate @entity27 but not for mild @entity27 . The results of the dose-response relationship indicated that per 10-unit increase in the @entity27 index was associated with a 17% greater risk of @entity65 in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies suggests that severe @entity27 significantly increases @entity65 risk, @entity64 , and all-cause mortality. A positive association with @entity65 was observed for moderate @entity27 but not for mild @entity27 .

title: Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of XXXX and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The roadmap concept suggests the use of on-treatment @entity97 DNA to guide treatment strategy of chronic @entity1956 @entity1 treated by @entity14278 . Our aim was to validate the roadmap approach of @entity17705 switch therapy in @entity1 with incomplete response to @entity14278 . METHODS: Consecutive chronic @entity1956 @entity1 on @entity14278 monotherapy were studied. Incomplete virological response was defined as detectable @entity97 DNA after 6-12 months of treatment. Maintained virological response was defined as undetectable @entity97 DNA until the last follow-up. RESULTS: Among the 79 @entity1 on @entity14278 , 39 (49%) had undetectable @entity97 DNA after 6-12 months of @entity14278 treatment and 40 (51%) had incomplete virological response. In total, 33 incomplete responders switched to @entity17705 at 11 months (6-23), and 26 (79%) achieved maintained virological response after 25 months (4-46). Low @entity97 DNA level before switch therapy was the independent factor associated with maintained virological response to @entity17705 (P=0.01). A total of 24 of 25 (96%) @entity1 with @entity97 DNA<2,000 IU/ml, versus 2 of 8 (25%) @entity1 with @entity97 DNA>= 2,000 IU/ml, had maintained virological response after switching to @entity17705 . Although rtM204I and/or rt @entity29900 was detected in 3 of 7 @entity1 with incomplete virological response to @entity17705 , none of the @entity1 with @entity97 DNA<2,000 IU/ml during @entity14278 treatment harboured these @entity535 substitutions. CONCLUSIONS: Roadmap approach using @entity17705 switch at month 6-12 among incomplete responders to @entity14278 is recommended if the @entity97 DNA is <2,000 IU/ml at the time of switching.

title: Efficacy of @entity17705 switch therapy in chronic XXXX @entity1 with incomplete virological response to @entity14278 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity14278 :: ('MESH:C487779', 'Chemical') :: ['telbivudine']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a commonly used technique to quantify gene expression levels. Validated normalization is essential to obtain reliable qPCR data. In that context, normalizing to multiple reference genes has become the most popular method. However, expression of reference genes may vary per tissue type, developmental stage and in response to experimental treatment. It is therefore imperative to determine stable reference genes for a specific sample set and experimental model. The present study was designed to validate potential reference genes in hippocampal tissue from @entity35 that had experienced early-life @entity410 ( @entity410 ). To this end, we applied an established model in which @entity410 were evoked by exposing 10-day old @entity35 pups to heated air. One week later, we determined the expression stability of seven frequently used reference genes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. RESULTS: Gene expression stability of 18S rRNA, @entity4644 , @entity40146 , @entity29510 , @entity40147 , @entity37908 and @entity40148 was tested using geNorm and Normfinder software. The ranking order of reference genes proposed by geNorm was not identical to that suggested by Normfinder. However, both algorithms indicated @entity37908 , @entity40148 and @entity40147 as the most stable genes, whereas 18S rRNA and @entity4644 were found to be the least stably expressed genes. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that the geometric averaging of at least @entity37908 , @entity40148 and @entity40147 allows reliable interpretation of gene expression data in this experimental set-up. The results also show that @entity4644 and 18S rRNA are not suited as reference genes in this model.

title: Validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR studies in the dentate gyrus after experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['FS', 'febrile seizures']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['febrile seizures']


abstract: Measuring @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is a widely accepted strategy for identifying subjects with an increased risk of @entity174 . However, because of limited availability of @entity79 technology in some communities and cost considerations, it has been proposed that @entity79 measurements be targeted to subjects with risk factors for @entity170 . @entity170 self-assessment tool (OST) using age and weight have been developed to identify @entity1 who are more likely to have low @entity79 and thus undergo @entity79 testing. To study the performance of OST in identifying @entity3604 white @entity1 in Morocco. We analysed in an epidemiological cross-sectional study the records for 229 white Moroccan @entity1 seen at an out- @entity1 rheumatology centre. OST was compared to bone density T scores and the ability of OST to identify @entity1 with @entity170 (T < -2.5) was evaluated. Using an OST score < 2 to recommend dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) referral, sensitivity ranged from 63% at the lumbar spine to 87% at the total hip to detect @entity79 T scores of -2.5 and specificity from 58 to 59%. The negative predictive value was high at all skeletal sites (87-98%), demonstrating the usefulness of the OST to identify @entity1 who have normal @entity79 and should not receive DXA testing. The performance of OST among @entity1 in Morocco was similar to that reported earlier for the other samples in Asian countries and the USA. The OST is an effective and efficient tool to help target high-risk @entity1 for DXA measurement.

title: Performance of the XXXX risk assessment tool in Moroccan @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy has become the first surgical option for @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity2742 ) in many places. Preoperative localization studies are mandatory, and the use of a quick @entity461 ( @entity461 ) assay is highly recommended. The aim of this study was to analyze our initial series of targeted parathyroidectomies. STUDY DESIGN: In a 2-year period, 50 @entity1 underwent unilateral neck exploration for @entity2742 under local anesthesia and light sedation. After biochemical diagnosis, a technetium 99m sestamibi scan was performed on all @entity1 , and cervical ultrasonography was obtained in some @entity1 . Frozen section analysis was used to confirm parathyroid tissue in all @entity1 . There was no biochemical intraoperative evaluation of @entity461 . Demographics, surgical details, results, and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 35 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 , with a mean age of 56 years (range 23 to 85 years). Mean preoperative @entity460 was 11.4 mg/dL (range 10.0 to 14.8 mg/dL), and @entity461 was 342 pg/mL (range 105 to 2,231 pg/mL). Mean surgical time was 52 minutes (range 30 to 100 minutes), and mean hospital stay was 2 days (range 1 to 7 days). Mean parathyroid weight was 1,000 mg (range 117 to 17,000 mg). Sestamibi scan correctly localized the abnormal gland in 47 @entity1 (94%). There was one @entity260 ( @entity548 ); two @entity1 required contralateral exploration, and persistent @entity2741 developed in one that required surgical reintervention. After a mean followup of 12 months (range 3 to 25 months), all @entity1 were normocalcemic. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted parathyroidectomy is safe and effective. Despite the fact that quick intraoperative @entity461 assay was not used, the cure rate was 98%.

title: Is intraoperative XXXX assay mandatory for the success of targeted parathyroidectomy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: @entity291 seminal plasma (BSP) contains four similar proteins secreted by the seminal vesicles, designated BSP-A1, -A2, -A3, and -30 kDa. These proteins bind to @entity1877 phospholipids on the surface of the sperm after ejaculation. These BSP proteins also interact with heparin, @entity44071 ( @entity44071 ) and @entity44071 associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The HDL and heparin present in the female reproductive tract have been implicated in sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction (AR). This study was undertaken to determine whether or not these BSP proteins and HDL could modulate the capacitation of sperm, and to determine the combined effect of HDL and heparin on capacitation. Washed @entity291 epididymal sperm were preincubated in buffer containing BSP proteins, washed, and incubated with lipoproteins (HDL, and low- and very low-density lipoproteins) or liposomes with or without @entity44071 in the presence or absence of heparin. The percentage of capacitated sperm was evaluated after the AR was induced with @entity6579 . HDL alone (160 microg/ml) after an 8-h incubation stimulated the AR of epididymal sperm. The percentage of HDL-enhanced AR further increased when sperm were preincubated with BSP proteins. @entity44071 -liposomes stimulated the AR more rapidly (5 h, 160 microg/ml) than HDL. When sperm were preincubated with BSP proteins, the percentage of @entity44071 -enhanced AR further increased. In contrast, when liposomes without @entity44071 or when low- or very low-density lipoproteins or lipoprotein-depleted serum was used, no significant increase in the AR was detected with or without BSP proteins. When heparin and HDL or @entity44071 -liposomes were used together, their combined effects on the AR were not additive. These results indicate that BSP proteins modulate the process of capacitation induced by heparin, HDL, and @entity44071 -liposomes.

title: Major proteins of XXXX seminal plasma modulate sperm capacitation by high-density lipoprotein.

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Psoriasis is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a major contributor to @entity65 and mortality that may be associated with @entity1569 , but conflicting results have been presented and nationwide data on the risk of new-onset @entity6 in @entity1 with @entity1569 have not been reported. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study comprised a Danish population >=  10 years of age on 1 January 1997 who were followed until new-onset @entity6 , death, or 31 December 2009. Information on comorbidity, concomitant medication, and socioeconomic status was linked on an individual level. The primary study end point was @entity6 requiring pharmacotherapy. Incidence rates for the development of @entity6 events per 1,000 observational years were calculated and adjusted. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: A total of 4,614,807 subjects were eligible for analysis, with a maximum follow-up of 13 years. In the study period, 52,613 @entity1 with @entity1569 , including 6,784 @entity1 with severe @entity1569 , were identified. The overall incidence rates for new-onset @entity6 were 3.67 (CI 3.65-3.69), 6.93 (6.63-7.25), and 9.65 (8.68-10.73) for the reference population, mild @entity1569 , and severe @entity1569 , respectively. Compared with the reference population, the @entity12623 of new-onset @entity6 was increased in all @entity1 with @entity1569 , i.e., @entity12623 1.49 (CI 1.43-1.56) and 2.13 (1.91-2.37) for those with mild and severe @entity1569 . CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide cohort, @entity1569 was associated with increased incidence rates of new-onset @entity6 . The association remained statistically significant after adjustment for confounding factors.

title: Psoriasis and new-onset XXXX : a Danish nationwide cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Poor nutritional status following abdominal surgeries for esophageal and @entity356 remains a major challenge in postoperative care. Our study aimed to investigate the efficacy of starting early oral feeding (EOF) in @entity1 undergoing surgical resection of upper @entity344 . METHODS: A total of 180 consecutive @entity1 with a diagnosis of esophageal or @entity356 undergoing elective surgical resection between January 2008 and February 2011 were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Seventy-two @entity1 were assigned to the EOF group, and 108 @entity1 received late oral feeding (LOF). Postoperative endpoints were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Nasogastric tubes were removed from @entity1 on average 3.3  1.6 days after the surgery in the EOF group and 5.2  2.5 days in the LOF group (p < 0.001). The soft diet regimen was started and tolerated significantly sooner in the EOF group (5.8  1.2 days) than the LOF group (9.5  5.5 days). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the EOF group compared to the LOF group (6.7  3.1 days vs. 9.1  5.8 days, p < 0.001). Surgical complications and rehospitalization occurred less in EOF group compared with the LOF group. However, the differences were not significant (p > 0.050). CONCLUSIONS: EOF is safe following esophageal and @entity356 surgery and results in faster recovery and hospital discharge.

title: Early Oral Feeding After Surgery for Upper XXXX : A Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers', 'gastric malignancies']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal Malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity3986 in @entity788 (CDHP) is an uncommon complication of @entity788 , only described in surgical series, whose natural history is not known. The aim of this study was to determine clinical and morphological features of CDHP in a medical-surgical series of @entity1 and to ascertain the relationship of CDHP with @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ) in the pancreas proper. METHODS: All @entity1 who had duodenal CDHP diagnosed radiologically both with CT scan and endoscopic ultrasonography between 1995 and 2004 were included. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgical specimens when available. RESULTS: One hundred five @entity1 were included (91% @entity1 , 86% chronic alcoholic) with a median follow-up of 15 months. The median age at first symptoms was 46 yr. CDHP was associated with @entity1689 in the pancreas proper in 71% of @entity1 . Presenting symptoms were @entity158 (91%), severe @entity353 (73%), acute @entity788 (45%), @entity391 (30%), @entity6123 (23%), @entity6 (20%), @entity1087 (13%), and @entity360 (5%). Cysts were multiple in 75% (median 3). The median diameter of the largest cyst was 10 mm. Endoscopy was normal in 36% of @entity1 and showed @entity15960 in 52% (complete 6%, incomplete 46%). Surgical treatment was necessary in only 27% of @entity1 (Whipple procedure 16%). CONCLUSIONS: CDHP may arise in @entity1 with or without @entity1689 and with or without chronic @entity988 . Symptoms may be severe but warrant surgery in less than one-third of @entity1 .

title: Clinical and morphological features of duodenal @entity3986 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'heterotopic pancreas', 'pancreatic heterotopia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pain']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity15960 :: ('MESH:C535720', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal stenosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['heterotopic pancreas']


abstract: The influence of left ventricular volume variations and regurgitant fraction variations upon left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise was examined using equilibrium radionuclide angiography in @entity1 suffering from @entity337 . Ejection fraction (EF), regurgitant fraction (RF), end diastolic volume (EDV) and end systolic volume ( @entity5778 ) variations from rest to peak exercise were determined in 44 @entity1 suffering from chronic @entity337 ( @entity337 ) and in 8 healthy volunteers (C). In C, EF increased (+0.10 +/- 0.03, P less than 0.01) and @entity5778 decreased significantly (-23% +/- 12%, P less than 0.01), RF and EDV did not vary significantly. In @entity337 @entity1 , EF, EDV and @entity5778 did not vary significantly because of important scattering of individual values. Changes in EF and @entity5778 were inversely correlated (r = -0.79, P less than 0.01) and RF decreased significantly (-0.12 +/- 0.10, P less than 0.01). Volumes and EF changes during exercise occurred in three different ways. In a 1st subgroup of 7 @entity1 , EF increased (+0.09 +/- 0.03, P less than 0.05) in conjunction with a reduction of @entity5778 (-24% +/- 12%, P less than 0.05) without a significant change in EDV. In a 2nd group of 22 @entity1 , EF decreased (-0.04 +/- 0.07, P less than 0.01) in association with an increase in @entity5778 (+17% +/- 16%, P less than 0.01) and no change in EDV. In a 2nd group of 22 @entity1 , EF decreased (-0.04 +/- 0.07, P less than 0.01) in association with an increase in @entity5778 (+17% +/- 16%, P less than 0.01) and no change in EDV. In a 3rd subgroup of 15 @entity1 , EF decreased (-0.02 +/- 0.06, P less than 0.01) despite a reduction in @entity5778 (-7% +/- 6%, P less than 0.01) because of a dramatic EDV decrease (-10% +/- 6%, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Factors influencing the variations of ejection fraction during exercise in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: Incomplete @entity3641 , or persistent metamorphopsia may persist even after successful surgery for @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ), especially in cases of RD with macula off, suggesting microstructural macular damage that standard fundus biomicroscopy could not detect. We compared spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging with preoperative and postoperative visual acuity to evaluate the relationship between morphological changes in the outer retina and visual outcome after successful repair of @entity1713 with macula on or off. We enrolled 43 @entity1 (43 eyes) with successful repair of @entity1713 and a minimum 6-month follow up after surgery in this retrospective research. @entity1 accepted spectral-domain optical coherence tomography postoperatively and visual acuity examination preoperatively and postoperatively. The mean age of the @entity1 was 48.74      12.68  years (range: 16-77  years). The mean visual acuity (logarithm of minimal angle of resolution) before surgery was 0.87      0.70. Disrupted ellipsoid zone was noted in one of 11 eyes in the macula-on group (9.1%) and 19 of 32 eyes in the macula-off group (59.4%). Disrupted external limiting membrane (ELM) was noted in no eye in the macula-on group (0%) and 11 of 32 eyes in the macula-off group (34.4%). The macula-off group was associated with better postoperative visual gains than the macula-on group (p  =  0.013). @entity1 with integrity of the ellipsoid zone and ELM were associated with significant visual improvement than @entity1 with disruption of the ellipsoid zone or ELM.

title: Using optical coherence tomography to evaluate macular changes after surgical management for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['RRD', 'rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3641 :: ('MESH:D003117', 'Disease') :: ['visual recovery, color vision defects']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']


abstract: In recent years an enhanced interest among researchers combined with the availability of new technologies has increased our knowledge of the mechanisms that generate @entity943 in @entity1 with @entity741 . Convincing evidence has been obtained to support the occurrence of reentry in @entity63 . This has been especially apparent in @entity235 studies in the surviving layers overlying @entity1188 several days after @entity1563 . In this planar model, the reentry circuit forms a figure-8 configuration around an arc of functional block due to refractoriness; the center of the arc is the site of unidirectional block and reentry. The reentry circuit is sustained by wavefronts of activation encircling segments in which the tissue on either side is alternately receptive and refractory, a variant of the leading circle model of reentry. The relatively prolonged refractoriness in @entity63 tissue is due to time-dependent refractoriness, i.e., postrepolarization refractoriness, which is most prominent in more severely depolarized cells. Slow conduction is related in part to primary @entity308 of the fast channels. There is a great variation in refractory periods in @entity63 tissue because of variation in action potential duration and in the duration of time-dependent refractoriness. The depolarized resting potentials of cells in acute @entity63 are due in part to extracellular accumulation of @entity972 and intracellular accumulation of @entity460 . In the latter stages of @entity63 it is likely that abnormalities of ion distribution across the sarcolemma play a role. It has also been demonstrated that @entity63 Purkinje fibers show abnormal automaticity, i.e., enhanced phase 4 depolarization at depolarized diastolic potentials, and afterdepolarizations with triggered firing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Generation of @entity943 in @entity741 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the outcome of less aggressive radiotherapy combined with surgery and chemotherapy to reduce radiation complication in the treatment of @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ) at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive study was established by reviewing @entity1 ' records from the Division of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology admitted between 2001 and 2008. Median follow-up time was 65 months. @entity1 characteristics, investigations, and treatment modalities were presented in proportion. Survival analysis was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method. The results were compared with the previous study in done in 1990 to 2000. RESULTS: Forty-two records were reviewed and 71% were male. The median age was 16 years. Pineal region was the most common site in 55%. Interestingly, 12% had @entity75 at both pineal and suprasellar regions. Out of 41 @entity1 who had histopathological confirmation, 71% were @entity3438 . Out of 37 @entity1 who had MRI spine or @entity2841 cytology, 43% had CNS dissemination. Less aggressive radiotherapy combined with surgery and chemotherapy was increasingly utilized; however five-year overall survival rate in all @entity1 was 83%, comparable to 82% from the previous study. Survival rates of @entity1 without CNS dissemination were 88% in the present study and 83% in the previous study. Survival rates adjusted for histopathology were 86% for @entity3438 and 76% for @entity3438 . CONCLUSION: Less aggressive radiotherapy combined with surgery and chemotherapy to reduce radiation complication is an effective treatment for @entity2971 .

title: Management of XXXX at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial germ cell tumor', 'ICGCT']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous lesions']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['non-germinoma', 'germinoma']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['intracranial germ cell tumors']


abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using @entity2518 ( @entity2518 ) is an effective treatment for several conditions such as @entity1490 , @entity1491 and @entity2517 . Surgical resection is the first-choice therapy for extramammary @entity4261 (EMPD), but extensive resection is highly invasive and recurrences are frequent. We report two cases of genital EMPD treated by @entity4906 with partial efficacy. The first @entity1 , a 78-year-old male, suffered from @entity4261 for 6 years despite numerous treatments. The second @entity1 , a 78-year-old female, had vulvar involvement for 2 years that was resistant to multiple treatments. The disease was recurrent and chronic with important @entity111 and significant impact on the quality of life. @entity19297 was applied for 3 h, and irradiation was applied with red light (630 nm) using a total light dose of 37 J/cm(2) for a period of 10 min. The @entity1 were treated every 2 to 4 weeks for a total of at least three treatments. Both @entity1 experienced a partial transient reduction in their symptoms. One @entity1 had a partial transient remission (< 50% reduction of the involved surface), whereas in the other @entity1 , PDT failed to reduce the surface area of the lesions.

title: Incomplete efficacy of @entity2518 (5 ALA) photodynamic therapy in the treatment of widespread extramammary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2517 :: ('MESH:D055623', 'Disease') :: ['actinic keratosis']

entities_list: @entity19297 :: ('MESH:C475457', 'Chemical') :: ['Methyl 5-aminolevulinate']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["pubic and scrotal Paget's disease", "Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-ALA', '5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1490 :: ('MESH:D001913', 'Disease') :: ["Bowen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['subsets of basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the economic recession and the detection of advanced cases of @entity1907 in Osaka city from 2007 to 2009. DESIGN: A repeated cross-sectional study. SETTING: Osaka city has been the highest @entity378 burden area in Japan. After the previous global financial crisis, the unemployment rate in Osaka prefecture has deteriorated from 5.3% in 2008 to 6.6% in 2009. @entity1 : During the study period, 3406 @entity1907 cases were enrolled: 2530 males and 876 females; 1546 elderly cases (65 years and above) and 1860 young cases (under 65 years); 417 homeless cases and 2989 non-homeless cases. OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 ' information included the sex, age, registry, health insurances, places of detection, sputum smear test results, @entity1 ' delay, doctors' delay and the grade of chest x-ray findings. They were statistically analysed between 2007 and 2008, two years before and just before the financial crisis, and between 2008 and 2009, just before and after the financial crisis. RESULTS: The total numbers of @entity1907 cases were 1172 in 2007, 1083 in 2008 and 1151 in 2009. In health examinations for non-homeless @entity1 , higher number of cases in 2009 were sputum smear positive, had respiratory symptoms and showed @entity1442 in chest x-rays than those in 2008, with a longer @entity1 ' delay. On the contrary, in health examination for homeless @entity1 , fewer cases of @entity1907 were found in 2009 than in 2008, with a shorter @entity1 ' delay. In clinical examinations, there was no trend towards a difference between non-homeless and homeless @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although homeless @entity1 might be protected by public assistance, @entity378 prevention and control need to be reinforced for the non-homeless population after the financial crisis.

title: Influence of the 2009 financial crisis on detection of XXXX in Osaka city, Japan: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'advanced pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['advanced pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECT: Cage subsidence occurs after @entity11375 ( @entity11375 ). The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate subsidence and @entity1347 after implantation of a newly designed Wing @entity702 cage. Furthermore, alignment of the entire cervical spine was analyzed 2 years after surgery. METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 (26 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 ) whose mean age was 48.3 years underwent @entity11375 . Follow-up examinations were performed at discharge and 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively by an independent investigator. The clinical course was evaluated using the visual analog @entity158 scale and the Prolo scales. Measurements of subsidence and @entity1347 were conducted, and the alignment of the entire cervical spine was classified using two methods. In 54 @entity1 64 levels were fused. The @entity1 noted a significant @entity158 , and scores on both Prolo scales were significantly improved. At the 2-year follow-up examination, subsidence was present in 30 of the 67 fused segments. There was a statistically significant correlation between subsidence and the presence of posterior @entity4720 at the initial surgery. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between reduction of @entity1347 and the presence of subsidence; however, subsidence did not prevent the development of a solid bone arthrodesis (fusion rate 98%) or have an adverse effect on the alignment of the cervical spine. CONCLUSIONS: @entity702 Wing cage-augmented @entity11375 was associated with comparatively good long-term results. Subsidence was present but did not cause clinical complications. Furthermore, radiological studies demonstrated that the physiological alignment of the cervical spine was preserved and a solid bone arthrodesis was present at 2 years after surgery.

title: Subsidence of the wing XXXX cage after anterior cervical interbody fusion: 2-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['total segmental height']

entities_list: @entity11375 :: ('MESH:D007714', 'Disease') :: ['ACDF', 'anterior cervical discectomy and fusion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'reduction of pain']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium', 'Titanium']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['spondylosis']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: The basal ganglia are presently implicated in learning, and @entity1374 induced neonatally is known to affect mentation. The effects of such a deficiency on the developing causate nucleus might be used to provide insight into structure and function of the normal subcortical brain, as well as possible influences of these @entity21 on @entity1032 . @entity5652 was added to the diet of lactating @entity35 dams and observations of the developing caudate nuclei of normal @entity1375 @entity35 were made at 8, 14, 20, 30 and 42 days by using various tissue stains and Golgi-Cox preparations. Seven different types of neurons were distinguished in the caudate nucleus. Differences in the size of cell somata and the varying morphology of axons and dendrites were criteria used to make distinctions. Normally, the nucleus acquires cytoarchitectural complexity during the first three postnatal weeks. Within this period, neuron incidence increases in the caudate neuropil with age while the germinal matrix density decreases. Neuron accumulation reaches a plateau after the third week and cell migration is essentially complete at the end of the first postnatal month as shown by computer analysis of Nissl stained cell counts. Branching of cellular processes, attainment of receptor spines and complexity of the fiber network also appeared during this period. Retardation of structural development with @entity1374 was shown by decreased numbers of neurons, inhibition of dendritic arborization, decreased numbers of dendritic spines and a reduced complexity of axonal plexuses. @entity1374 delays cell migration during the first three weeks when compared to age-matched normal controls. The lack of thyroid hormone does not appear to influence the size of neuron somata, and the extent of related dendritic fields, nor does @entity1375 affect a specific cell type population. Generalized disturbances of caudate nuclear morphological maturation are caused by the deficiency. An apparent compensatory process, including a spurt of neural growth and differentiation, takes place in the period between days 14 and 30 in the deficient animals and a seemingly "normal" caudate cytoarchitecture is seen after the third postnatal week. Quantitative data, however, show that this rapid "catch up" process is inadequate. The developmental imperfection of the caudate nucleus which persists might be a part of the underlying substrate for the @entity1032 , disturbed motor performance and perceptual handicaps which are found in the @entity1 @entity1 .

title: The developing caudate nucleus in the euthyroid and @entity1375 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal structures']

entities_list: @entity5652 :: ('MESH:D011441', 'Chemical') :: ['Propylthiouracil']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid deficiency', 'Thyroid deficiency', 'thyroid hormone deficiency']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity2401 in @entity1 is often associated with an @entity792 in which @entity299 ( @entity299 ) is a major autoantigen. Experimental @entity2401 (EAM) is induced in @entity19 by immunization with @entity299 . We found that EAM in A/J @entity19 exhibits a @entity61 -like phenotype demonstrated by the histological picture of the @entity299 (eosinophils and giant cells) and by the humoral response (association of @entity6527 response with disease and up-regulation of total IgE). Blocking @entity58 with anti- @entity58 monoclonal antibody (mAb) reduced the severity of EAM. This reduction in severity was associated with a shift from a @entity61 -like to a @entity630 -like phenotype represented by a reduction in @entity299 -specific @entity6527 ; an increase in @entity299 -specific @entity9749 ; an abrogation of total IgE response; a decrease in @entity58 , @entity59 , and @entity1312 ; as well as a dramatic increase in @entity60 production in vitro. Based on the latter finding, we hypothesized that @entity60 limits disease. Indeed, @entity60 blockade with a mAb exacerbated disease. The ameliorating effect of @entity58 blockade was abrogated by co-administration of anti- @entity60 mAb. Thus, EAM represents a model of an organ-specific @entity792 associated with a @entity61 phenotype, in which @entity58 promotes the disease and @entity60 limits it. Suppression of @entity60 represents at least one of the mechanisms by which @entity58 promotes EAM.

title: Experimental @entity2401 in A/J @entity19 is an XXXX -dependent disease with a @entity61 phenotype.

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN)-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune process', 'autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'heart lesions', 'cardiac myosin']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune myocarditis', 'Myocarditis']

answer: @entity58 :: (16189(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictive value of @entity7620 and anti- @entity8260 antibody (Ab) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) values for the occurrence of relapses in @entity7271 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Dermatology departments from 13 university hospitals in France. @entity1 The study population comprised 26 @entity1 with typical clinical, histologic, and immunofluorescence findings of @entity7271 , who were followed up over a 17-month period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serial anti- @entity7620 and anti- @entity8260 Ab ELISA values were recorded during the @entity1 ' follow-up examinations and correlated with the occurrence of skin and/or mucosal relapses. RESULTS: A significant reduction of anti- @entity7620 (P < .001) and anti- @entity8260 (P < .001) Ab ELISA values was observed in serum samples from @entity1 with @entity7271 foliaceus or @entity7271 after the initial treatment. During the long-term follow-up, anti- @entity7620 Ab ELISA values correlated with the course of @entity272 (P = .03); the 20 U/mL cutoff for the anti- @entity7620 Ab ELISA value provided a 79% positive and an 84% negative predictive value for the occurrence of cutaneous relapses. No correlation was observed between anti- @entity8260 Ab ELISA values and the course of @entity3137 (P = .13). Anti- @entity8260 Ab ELISA values higher than the 14-U/mL cutoff were observed in 5 of the 5 @entity1 with relapse and in 10 of the 13 @entity1 with @entity33 , providing a 100% sensitivity but a poor specificity of 23%. A cutoff value of 130 U/mL for anti- @entity8260 Abs was calculated based on the receiver operating characteristics curve and provided an 84% positive and an 81% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Anti- @entity7620 Ab ELISA values are more closely correlated than anti- @entity8260 Ab ELISA values with the course of the disease in @entity1 with @entity7271 or @entity7271 foliaceus. This should be taken into account for the management of @entity1 with @entity7271 .

title: ELISA testing of anti-desmoglein 1 and 3 antibodies in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris', 'pemphigus']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing mucosal remission']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['pemphigus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether @entity4002 responds better to @entity3403 or @entity2929 is unknown. METHODS: The efficacy of @entity3403 and @entity2929 in the treatment of @entity55 due to @entity4002 was assessed in a prospective, randomised, double blind study of 82 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity55 and features suggestive of @entity4002 ; 48 proved to have @entity4002 . Of the 48, 23 received @entity3403 100 mg twice a day and 25 @entity1 received @entity2929 500 mg six hourly, both for 10 days. RESULTS: Both treatment groups had similar demographic characteristics. Fever showed a more rapid reduction in the @entity3403 group (3(1.6) days versus 4.3(2) days). Side effects were observed in two @entity1 receiving @entity3403 compared with 11 @entity1 receiving @entity2929 (p less than 0.01). No differences were observed in other clinical or radiological measures. By day 40 the chest radiograph was normal in 47 of 48 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the self limiting and benign nature of most cases of @entity55 due to @entity4002 . @entity3403 was more effective than @entity2929 .

title: Antibiotic treatment in XXXX due to @entity4002 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['Q fever infection', 'Q fever']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxycycline', 'doxycycline']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The description of connective tissue sleeves that function as pulleys for the rectus extraocular muscles (EOMs) suggests that abnormalities of EOM pulley position might provide a mechanical basis for some forms of incomitant strabismus. Pulleys determine the paths and thus the pulling directions of EOMs. METHODS: High-resolution magnetic resonance images spanning the orbits were obtained in primary position, upgaze, and downgaze for each subject. Paths of the EOMs were measured with reference to the orbital center and permitted inference of pulley locations. RESULTS: Data from 18 orbits of orthotropic subjects defined means and SDs of normal EOM pulley coordinates. Eight @entity1 , aged 17 to 60 years, had heterotopic EOM pulleys, defined as displaced at least 2 SDs from normal. We found one to eight heterotopic pulleys (considering both orbits) in each of four @entity1 who had been diagnosed with marked superior oblique (SO) overaction and mild to marked inferior oblique (IO) underaction. Each @entity1 had superior mislocation of at least one lateral rectus pulley by 1.8 to 4.9 mm. Three @entity1 diagnosed with mild to moderate IO overaction and mild to moderate SO underaction in only one orbit had one to three heterotopic EOM pulleys. Each of those @entity1 had at least one lateral rectus pulley inferiorly dislocated by 1.9 to 4.9 mm. The final @entity1 , who was diagnosed with mild IO underaction and normal SO function bilaterally, had bilateral superior mislocation of the medial rectus pulleys by greater than 2 mm. Computer simulations using the Orbit program (Eidactics, San Francisco) incorporating individually measured pulley positions reproduced the clinical patterns of incomitant strabismus in all cases without postulating @entity121 or contractility. CONCLUSION: Heterotopic EOM pulleys can cause patterns of incomitant strabismus that have been attributed to oblique @entity121 . Even isolated mislocations of less than 2 mm, coupled with smaller mislocations of the other pulleys, can produce the clinical appearance of bilateral oblique dysfunction. Pulley heterotopy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of incomitant strabismus and oblique dysfunction.

title: Heterotopic muscle pulleys or oblique XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of oblique muscle innervation', 'muscle dysfunction']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to examine the causes of the @entity204 of @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and evaluate the differences in this respect between @entity1 with and without @entity308 of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). METHOD: All @entity1 hospitalized with @entity712 between 1995 and 2002 in the cardiology service of a tertiary hospital were assessed. LVEF was evaluated by echocardiography during hospitalization and was considered normal when it was > or =50%. After a mean follow-up time of 3.7 +/- 2.8 years, 615 cases had terminated in @entity204 . RESULTS: The most common cause was refractory @entity712 , both in the whole group (39%) and in both the subgroups defined with respect to LVEF (normal and @entity308 ). There was no statistically significant difference between the normal and @entity308 subgroups as regard the distribution of deaths, although the @entity308 group showed a somewhat greater incidence of @entity944 (21% as against 16% in the normal group) and a somewhat smaller incidence of @entity204 due to refractory @entity712 (37% as against 47%). However, in the @entity308 LVEF group, the cumulative risk of @entity204 due to acute @entity583 in the first 1.5 years first increased rapidly and then more slowly, whereas the reverse pattern was held in the normal left ventricular systolic function group, in which it was the cumulative risks of @entity204 from noncardiovascular or vascular noncardiac causes that initially increased more rapidly than later. CONCLUSIONS: The spectrum of causes of @entity204 among @entity1 with @entity712 who have been hospitalized is independent of LVEF in the long term. In the short term, there are differences between @entity1 with normal LVEF and @entity308 LVEF as regard the dynamics of the risks of @entity204 from acute @entity583 , noncardiac vascular causes, and noncardiovascular causes. These results may help orient the short-term and long-term management of @entity712 , especially for @entity1 with normal LVEF, for whom there is still no well-established consensus strategy.

title: Why and when do @entity1 with XXXX and normal left ventricular ejection fraction die? Analysis of >600 deaths in a community long-term study.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: In contrast to many other peroxisomal proteins @entity37522 contains at least two peroxisomal targeting signals each sufficient to direct reporter proteins to peroxisomes. One of them resides at the extreme @entity1473 terminus constituting a new variant of this signal, -SSNSKF, not active in monkey kidney cells (Gould, S. J., G. A. Keller, N. Hosken, J. Wilkinson, and S. Subramani 1989. J. Cell Biol. 108:1657-1664). However, this signal is completely dispensable for import of @entity37522 itself. In its @entity1472 -terminal third this protein contains another peroxisomal targeting signal sufficient to direct reporter proteins into microbodies. This internal signal depends on the context. The nature of this targeting signal might be a short defined sequence or a structural feature recognized by import factors. In addition, we have demonstrated that the @entity1473 -terminal seven @entity1522 of @entity1792 synthase of @entity375 encoded by @entity10652 and containing the canonical -SKL represents a targeting signal sufficient to direct reporter proteins to peroxisomes.

title: Two independent peroxisomal targeting signals in @entity37522 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: Forty-six @entity1 who had a neuromuscular @entity85 were treated with arthrodesis and Luque segmental spinal instrumentation and were followed for an average of three years. Twenty-two @entity1 had @entity306 and twenty-four had another @entity4094 . In thirty-nine @entity1 , the arthrodesis was extended to the sacrum. Eleven @entity1 who had severe @entity1635 as well as @entity530 and decompensation of the torso had a combined anterior and posterior arthrodesis; the other thirty-five @entity1 had a one-stage posterior procedure. Preoperatively, the average @entity1635 was 74 degrees; this was corrected to 39 degrees at follow-up. Final corrections were similar for @entity1635 and were better for @entity530 and decompensation of the torso in @entity1 who had combined anterior and posterior arthrodesis. The results for @entity1635 and @entity530 in @entity1 who had a @entity508 were similar to the results in @entity1 who had a @entity85 . Correction of decompensation of the torso was better in @entity1 who had a @entity508 . Postoperatively, a brace was used in half of the @entity1 in each group; this did not appear to affect the amount of correction in either group, although the result may have been influenced by the selection process. The rate of complications was 48 per cent. @entity1516 occurred in three @entity1 (6.5 per cent). There were no major @entity51 related to the correction or to the use of sublaminar wires. Three @entity1 died, one in the immediate postoperative period and the other two at eighteen months and four years after the original procedure, due to causes unrelated to the operation.

title: Management of neuromuscular XXXX with Luque segmental instrumentation.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic deformity']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic obliquity']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flaccid deformity', 'spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal deformities']


abstract: @entity209 is estimated to affect more than one in five adults, and its prevalence is growing in the adult and pediatric populations. The most widely recognized metabolic risk factors are @entity2299 , elevated blood pressure, and elevated plasma @entity413 . Individuals with these characteristics commonly manifest a prothrombotic state and a proinflammatory state as well. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) may serve as potential therapeutic targets for treating the @entity209 and its related risk factors. The PPARs are transcriptional factors belonging to the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily. So far, three isoforms of PPARs have been identified, namely, @entity5601 , @entity11589 /  , and @entity5601 -y. Various endogenous and exogenous ligands of PPARs have been identified. @entity5601 and @entity5601 - y are mainly involved in regulating lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and @entity413 homeostasis, and their agonists are used in the treatment of @entity407 and T2DM. Whereas @entity11589 /    function is to regulate lipid metabolism, @entity413 homeostasis, @entity32 , and @entity844 oxidation and its agonists are used in the treatment of @entity209 and @entity65 . This review mainly focuses on the biological role of PPARs in gene regulation and @entity209 , with particular focus on the therapeutic potential of @entity5601 modulators in the treatment of @entity715 .

title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor targets for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['anti-inflammation']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenic dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases', 'metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic diseases']


abstract: The last few years have seen an explosion in the number of voltage-dependent ion channel sequences detected in sperm and testes. The complex structural paradigm of these channels is now known to include a pore-forming alpha1 subunit(s) whose electrophysiological properties are modulated by an intracellular beta subunit, a @entity1520 -linked complex of a membrane-spanning delta subunit with an extracellular alpha2 subunit, and a transmembrane gamma subunit. Many of these are alternatively spliced. Furthermore, the known number of genes coding each subtype has expanded significantly (10 alpha1, 4 beta, 4 alpha2delta, 8 gamma). Recently, the CatSper gene family has been characterized based on similarity to the voltage-dependent @entity460 channel alpha1 subunit. From among this multiplicity, a wide cross-section is active in sperm, including many splice variants. For example, expression of the various alpha1 subunits appears strictly localized in discrete domains of mature sperm, and seems to control distinct physiological roles such as cellular signaling pathways. These include alpha1 alternative splicing variants that are regulated by ions passed by channels in developing sperm. Various combinations of ion channel sequence variants have been studies in research models and in a variety of @entity1 diseases, including @entity4810 . For example, @entity35 that are genetically resistant to testes damage by lead seem to respond to lead ions by increasing alpha1 alternative splicing. In contrast, in varicocele-associated @entity4810 , the outcome from surgical correction correlates with suppression of alpha1 alternative splicing, Ion channel blockers remain attractive model contraceptive drugs because of their ability to modulate @entity165 levels. However, the large number of sperm ion channel variants shared with other cell types make ion channels less attractive targets for male contraceptive development than a few years ago. In this review, the genetics, structure and function of voltage-dependent @entity460 channels and related CatSper molecules will be discussed, and several practical clinical applications associated with these channels will be reported.

title: Voltage-dependent @entity460 channels in XXXX spermatozoa revisited.

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: @entity10202 , a new @entity7236 , was given to 58 @entity101 @entity1 in combination with an adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist and a diuretic agent. In all but 2 @entity1 the blood pressure was unsatisfactorily controlled on standard triple therapy, i.e. alpha beta-blocker, a diuretic and a vasodilator. A 48-week follow-up was completed by 54 @entity1 . After an initial dose titration period, the maintenance dose of @entity10202 was 5 mg twice daily in 14 @entity1 and 10 mg twice daily in 34 @entity1 . In the remaining 6 @entity1 , the dose ranged from 5 mg every morning to 25 mg twice daily. The dosages of beta-blocking agent and diuretic were considerably reduced during the study period. Mean supine blood pressure was reduced from 170/101 mm Hg on triple therapy before @entity10202 to 145/86 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) after 2 weeks on @entity10202 . This improvement was sustained throughout the study and was measured at 144/86 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) after 48 weeks. There was no increase in resting heart rate and no orthostatic fall in blood pressure. Bodyweight was not increased and @entity10202 was generally well tolerated. Three @entity1 were withdrawn owing to side effects and 1 was socially non-compliant. It is concluded that @entity10202 is a potent and well tolerated vasodilator, and will be useful in the long term combination treatment of previously refractory @entity101 .

title: Long term experience of XXXX in combination with beta-blockade and diuretics in refractory @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10202 :: ('MESH:D015736', 'Chemical') :: ['Felodipine', 'felodipine']

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity10202 :: (MESH:D015736,Chemical) :: ['felodipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity851 is a recognized complication of pediatric-onset @entity30 , but there are few data on final adult height. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose with this work was to determine adult height and the clinical features that influence long-term growth impairment. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 123 @entity1 with @entity30 (65 male and 58 female) who had reached adult height. All of the case subjects were diagnosed before age 16.0 years. Heights were converted to SD scores and univariate analysis performed of factors postulated to influence final height, that is, interval from onset of symptoms to diagnosis, prepubertal onset of symptoms, gender, @entity10780 present at diagnosis, systemic @entity134 therapy, intestinal surgery, and midparental height SD scores. Significant univariate factors were additional analyzed in regression models. RESULTS: Mean height deficit at diagnosis was -0.50 SD scores, which improved to -0.29 SD scores at final height. Mean final height compared with target height, calculated from parental height, was -2.4 cm (range: -20.0 to 9.0 cm). Nineteen percent of the case subjects achieved a final height >8.0 cm below target height. The length of the interval between symptom onset and diagnosis correlated negatively with height SD scores at diagnosis. Height SD scores at diagnosis were related to final height SD scores, independent of midparental height. The presence of @entity10780 was negatively related to final height. CONCLUSIONS: Mean final adult height showed a modest deficit compared with target height, but in one fifth of @entity1 , final height was significantly less than target height. Earlier diagnosis and improved treatment of @entity10780 would be likely to improve final height.

title: Clinical features affecting final adult height in @entity1 with pediatric-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth failure']

entities_list: @entity10780 :: ('MESH:D007579', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Airway @entity1712 is a predictor of @entity134 responsiveness in @entity134 -na  ve @entity565 . However, the relationship between airway @entity1712 and the expression of @entity1140 -binding protein 51 (FKBP51), a glucocorticoid receptor co-chaperone that plays a role in @entity134 insensitivity in @entity565 , remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between eosinophilic @entity32 and FKBP51 expression in sputum cells in @entity565 . METHODS: The FKBP51 mRNA levels in sputum cells from @entity134 -na  ve @entity1 with @entity565 (n=31) and stable @entity748 @entity1 on inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (n=28) were cross-sectionally examined using real-time PCR. Associations between FKBP51 levels and clinical indices were analyzed. RESULTS: In @entity134 -na  ve @entity1 , the FKBP51 levels were negatively correlated with eosinophil proportions in blood (r=-0.52) and sputum (r=-0.57), and exhaled @entity842 levels (r=-0.42) (all p<0.05). No such associations were observed in @entity1 on ICS. In @entity134 -na  ve @entity1 , improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second after ICS initiation was correlated with baseline eosinophil proportions in blood (r=0.74) and sputum (r=0.76) and negatively correlated with FKBP51 levels (r=-0.73) (all p<0.0001) (n=20). Lastly, the FKBP51 levels were the lowest in @entity134 -na  ve @entity748 @entity1 , followed by mild to moderate persistent @entity748 @entity1 on ICS, and the highest in severe persistent @entity748 @entity1 on ICS (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Lower FKBP51 expression in sputum cells may reflect eosinophilic @entity32 and glucocorticoid responsiveness in @entity134 -na  ve @entity748 @entity1 .

title: Association of eosinophilic @entity32 with FKBP51 expression in sputum cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of @entity9998 ( @entity9998 ) and its association with @entity2194 in @entity1 attending the eye clinic of the University College Hospital (UCH) in Ibadan, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 448 consecutive new @entity1 , aged 30-90 years who presented to the eye clinic of UCH between December 2009 and November 2010 were evaluated. Each @entity1 had a complete ophthalmic examination. @entity1 with exfoliative material on the anterior lens surface and/or pupillary margin in either or both eyes were considered to have @entity9998 . Means, standard deviation, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: All the @entity1 examined were from the southern part of Nigeria. Majority (94.2%) were of the Yoruba tribe from southwestern Nigeria, while 5.8% were from southeastern Nigeria. The mean age of the study cohort was 58.5    13.8, 54.8% were males, 12 (2.7%) had @entity9998 . All @entity1 with @entity9998 were of the Yoruba tribe, with a mean age 65.6    5.6 years. There was a male predilection (66.7%). All eyes with @entity9998 had @entity231 . @entity9998 was bilateral in eight @entity1 (66.7%) of whom seven @entity1 (87.5%) had @entity726 and @entity231 bilaterally. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of the existence of @entity9998 in Nigeria. Larger studies are necessary in this population to further investigate the disease.

title: XXXX in Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['lenticular opacities']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['XFS', 'exfoliation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity9998 :: (MESH:D017889,Disease) :: ['Exfoliation syndrome']


abstract: The authors evaluated the activity and @entity137 of @entity1205 given as a 1-hour infusion every 21 days in @entity1 with unresectable @entity201 . Seventeen @entity1 with cytologically or histologically confirmed @entity201 received intravenous @entity1205 over 1 hour, repeated every 21 days. The initial dose of @entity1205 was 100 mg/m2, with a subsequent 25% dose reduction for @entity1 experiencing grade 3 or 4 @entity137 . Treatment was continued until disease progression or occurrence of intolerable side effects. All @entity1 received premedication with @entity619 8 mg by mouth twice daily for 5 days, starting 1 day before @entity1205 infusion. Sixteen of the 17 @entity1 were assessable for response and @entity137 ; one @entity1 was removed from the trial for intercurrent illness. Thirty-eight cycles of @entity1205 were delivered (median, two cycles). No complete or partial responses were noted. Fourteen @entity1 had @entity74 , one @entity1 had stable disease, and one @entity1 died of @entity326 shortly after starting treatment. @entity3028 was the dose-limiting @entity137 . Thirteen @entity1 had grade 4 @entity3028 , 11 of whom required antibiotics for @entity221 . @entity3028 was the only grade 4 @entity137 observed. Grade 3 @entity137 included @entity3136 , @entity417 , @entity1295 , @entity391 , and @entity551 . Grade 1 or 2 @entity137 included @entity1665 , @entity294 , peripheral @entity4 , @entity925 , and @entity448 . Administered on this dose and schedule, @entity1205 lacked activity in @entity1 with @entity201 . The @entity137 profile, including dose-limiting @entity3028 , has been previously described in @entity1 receiving @entity1205 .

title: Phase II trial of @entity1205 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['Granulocytopenia', 'granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1229 reduces @entity64 risk in @entity1 with @entity955 , but international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring is required. Target INRs are frequently not achieved, and the risk of @entity204 , @entity548 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and @entity64 or systemic @entity887 event (SEE) may be related to INR control. METHODS: We analyzed the relationship between INR control and the rates of @entity204 , @entity548 , @entity583 , and @entity64 or SEE among 3587 @entity1 with @entity955 randomized to receive @entity1229 treatment in the SPORTIF ( @entity64 Prevention Using an Oral Thrombin Inhibitor in @entity955 ) III and V trials. The mean+/-SD follow-up was 16.6 +/- 6.3 months. @entity1 were divided into 3 equal groups (those with good control [>75%], those with moderate control [60%-75%], or those with poor control [<60%]) according to the percentage time with an INR of 2.0 to 3.0. Outcomes were compared according to INR control. The main outcome measures were @entity204 , @entity548 , @entity583 , and @entity64 or SEE. RESULTS: The poor control group had higher rates of annual mortality (4.20%) and major @entity548 (3.85%) compared with the moderate control group (1.84% and 1.96%, respectively) and the good control group (1.69% and 1.58%, respectively) (P<.01 for all). Compared with the good control group, the poor control group had higher rates of @entity583 (1.38% vs 0.62%, P = .04) and of @entity64 or SEE (2.10% vs 1.07%, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity955 taking @entity1229 , the risks of @entity204 , @entity583 , major @entity548 , and @entity64 or SEE are related to INR control. Good INR control is important to improve @entity1 outcomes.

title: Comparison of outcomes among @entity1 randomized to XXXX therapy according to anticoagulant control: results from SPORTIF III and V.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin', 'Warfarin sodium']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: The importance of opiate receptors outside the central nervous system for the inhibitory actions of @entity1286 on male @entity35 sexual behavior was evaluated. @entity1286 (10 mg/kg) produced an almost complete inhibition of sexual behavior. This inhibition was antagonized by @entity1510 at a dose of 1 mg/kg but not at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg. The quaternary opioid antagonist @entity19244 effectively blocked the inhibitory actions of @entity1286 at a dose of 20 mg/kg but not at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Since the affinity of @entity19244 for opiate receptors is about 5% of that of @entity1510 , it may be concluded that both antagonists were about equally effective in inhibiting the effects of @entity1286 . Furthermore, the opiate-like drug @entity3062 was found to inhibit sexual behavior. This drug acts mainly outside the central nervous system. Its effect was blocked by both @entity1510 and @entity19244 , suggesting that opiate receptors are involved. It was also shown that @entity19244 is unable to block the reinforcing effects of @entity1286 in the conditioned place preference procedure. Because the reinforcing effects of opiates seem to be localized to the central nervous system, it may be proposed that @entity19244 does not antagonize @entity1286 's central effects. Moreover, @entity3062 had no effect in the place preference procedure, suggesting that this drug does not act at central opioid receptors. Taken together, these data show that peripheral opioid receptors are responsible for at least some of the inhibitory actions of @entity1286 on male sexual behavior. After treatment with @entity1286 + @entity19244 , ejaculatory mechanisms were facilitated, reflected in a reduced number of preejaculatory intromissions and a shortened ejaculation latency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inhibitory effect of opiates on male XXXX sexual behavior may be mediated by opiate receptors outside the central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity19244 :: ('MESH:C041269', 'Chemical') :: ['methylnaloxone']

entities_list: @entity3062 :: ('MESH:D008139', 'Chemical') :: ['loperamide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']