abstract: BACKGROUND: Large animal models serve as a critical link in the translation of basic science to clinical practice. However, large animal models of @entity583 ( @entity583 ), especially large size @entity583 , have been associated with high mortality because of @entity943 . The prophylactic effect of @entity2643 and @entity3303 were retrospectively reviewed in our ovine @entity583 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 114 Dorset hybrid @entity742 with 25%-30% @entity583 were included in the present study. The @entity742 were prophylactically treated with @entity2643 plus @entity3303 before ligation of the four to six coronary artery branches supplying the apex of the heart ( @entity943 prevention [AP] group, n = 45) and with @entity1425 (shock prevention [SP] group, n = 49), respectively. The @entity742 without prophylactic treatment (no prevention [NP] group, n = 20) were used as the control group. The incidence of @entity943 requiring treatment, mortality due to @entity943 , hemodynamics, and arterial blood gas values during surgery were analyzed in these three groups. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in @entity1188 size among the three groups. The incidence of @entity943 requiring treatment was significantly decreased in the AP group compared with that in the NP or SP groups (4.4% for AP versus 35% for NP and 45% for SP groups; P < 0.05). The mortality due to lethal @entity943 was 2.2% in the AP group, significantly lower than that in the NP group (15%) or SP group (18.4%). Other than the heart rate, no significant differences were found in the hemodynamic data between the AP and NP groups. @entity520 was not observed in any group, as indicated by the pH and lactate values. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic @entity2643 plus @entity3303 decreased the mortality due to lethal @entity943 after @entity583 in our @entity742 model without significant negative effects on the hemodynamics. However, @entity1425 improved the hemodynamics but also increased the mortality due to lethal @entity943 . Thus, prophylactic @entity2643 plus @entity3303 is recommended to improve the stability in a large @entity583 animal model.

title: Prophylactic @entity2643 and @entity3303 improve survival in an ovine model of large size XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is associated with increased cardiac and noncardiac mortality, there is limited data on the relationship between @entity740 and survival in @entity1 with @entity737 ( @entity737 ), particularly across a wide range of renal function. METHODS: We studied 507 consecutive @entity1 receiving first-time @entity737 from 1993-2003 at a single center. Preimplant serum @entity1011 measurements were used to determine glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and stage of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). The primary outcome was time to @entity204 . RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 4 years, all-cause mortality through completion of follow-up increased stepwise by GFR stage (I: 16%, II: 20%, III: 35%; IV: 40%; V: 50%; P < 0.001 for trend). After multivariate adjustment, @entity740 was independently associated with @entity204 (HR = 1.7, P = 0.02), as were a serum @entity1011 >or=2.0 mg/dL (HR 2.5, P = 0.003) and the presence of end-stage @entity8 (HR 6.8; P < 0.001). For every 10-unit decrease in GFR, the adjusted hazard of @entity204 increased 12% (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity740 prior to implant is independently associated with increased mortality in @entity1 receiving @entity737 . The risk is proportional to the degree of @entity8 and is apparent even when GFR is only mildly reduced. Differences in mortality are observed within the first year of implant, and @entity1 on dialysis are at highest risk. Because randomized trials of @entity737 have not included large numbers of @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity8 , our findings may have important implications in prognosis and case selection of @entity1 who otherwise meet current indications for @entity1479 implantation.

title: Impact of renal function on survival in XXXX with @entity737 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency', 'CKD', 'CRI', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (CSEA) has become common practice. We performed CSEA using two epidural catheters in a 69-year-old female with severe @entity358 caused by a @entity2914 , who underwent surgical excision of a lumbar @entity5 . METHODS: Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia was performed using two epidural catheters to minimize @entity260 . One epidural catheter was inserted above the surgical region, at the T11-12 interspace, and another one below the surgical region, via the sacral hiatus. Spinal anesthesia was produced using the L5-S1 interspace and 3 mL 0.5% @entity1341 . @entity26 , 3 L/min, was administered through a face mask during surgery. RESULTS: Fifteen minutes after spinal anesthesia, analgesic level was confirmed below T7 using the pinprick method. The @entity1 complained of @entity158 in the surgical region 10 minutes after the dura mater was opened. We injected 5 mL 2% @entity10541 through the upper epidural catheter to relieve the @entity158 . We also injected 10 mL 2% @entity10541 through the lower catheter when she felt @entity158 in the right leg. The perioperative course was uneventful. @entity26 saturation was maintained above 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia using two epidural catheters was used successfully to excise a @entity5 in a @entity1 with severe @entity358 .

title: Excision of @entity5 in a @entity1 with severe XXXX using combined spinal and epidural anesthesia with two epidural catheters.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary dysfunction']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary dysfunction']


abstract: Liver metabolism is altered after systemic injuries such as burns and @entity130 . These changes have been elucidated in @entity35 models of @entity130 where the liver was isolated and perfused ex vivo. Because these studies were performed in fasted animals to deplete glycogen stores, thus simplifying quantification of gluconeogenesis, these observations reflect the combined impact of fasting and @entity99 . Herein we asked whether the metabolic response to @entity130 is different in fed vs. fasted animals. @entity35 were subjected to a cutaneous burn covering 20% of the total body surface area, or to similar procedures without administering the burn, hence a sham-burn. Half of the animals in the burn and sham-burn groups were fasted starting on postburn day 3, and the others allowed to continue ad libitum. On postburn day 4, livers were isolated and perfused for 1 hour in physiological medium supplemented with 10% hematocrit red blood cells. The uptake/release rates of major @entity505 and @entity1568 sources, @entity26 , and @entity544 were measured during the perfusion and the data fed into a mass balance model to estimate intracellular fluxes. The data show that in fed animals, injury increased @entity413 output mainly from glycogen breakdown and minimally impacted @entity535 metabolism. In fasted animals, injury did not increase @entity413 output but increased @entity1133 production and the uptake of several @entity1522 , namely @entity1160 , @entity369 , @entity2228 , and @entity1853 . Furthermore, sham-burn animals responded to fasting by triggering gluconeogenesis from @entity880 ; however, in burned animals the preferred gluconeogenic substrate was @entity1522 . Taken together, these results suggest that the fed state prevents the burn-induced increase in hepatic @entity535 utilization for gluconeogenesis. The role of glycogen stores and means to increase and/or maintain internal sources of @entity413 to prevent increased hepatic @entity535 utilization warrant further studies.

title: Effect of fasting on the metabolic response of liver to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['injury on liver metabolism']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['experimental burn injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['experimental burn injury']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial results of 41 @entity1 with @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) with inferior vena cava (IVC) @entity715 , with regard to the clinical safety and feasibility of the therapeutic approaches selected according to the classification of the condition. Forty-one @entity1 with @entity3181 and IVC @entity715 were admitted for retrospective analysis. All 41 @entity1 were classified as having one of three types of @entity3181 . Interventional therapy was used successfully in 28 @entity1 (68.3%), 7 @entity1 (17.1%) were given conservative treatment and 6 @entity1 (14.6%) were treated with surgical shunts. The interventional approach was used in 29 @entity1 in total and was successful in 28 @entity1 (all those of types I and II, and 3 of the 4 @entity1 of type III with acute @entity715 ; 96.6%). None of these 28 @entity1 had @entity1151 , @entity2293 or @entity548 . After 1-5 years, 4 @entity1 (9.8%) had a second dilation of the IVC. In the 7 cases treated in a conservative manner, 2 cases succumbed to @entity360 and 1 case succumbed to liver and @entity177 . This study indicates that the classification of @entity3181 @entity1 with IVC @entity715 is helpful in selecting a therapeutic approach. Interventional therapy is the first therapeutic choice for @entity3181 @entity1 with IVC @entity715 of @entity164 with acute @entity715 . For the @entity1 of type III with an obsolete @entity715 , surgical shunts or conservative treatment are the main therapeutic methods.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial tamponade']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['type I, type II or type III']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity25 is a common clinical presentation in both @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and @entity65 . The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between degree of subjective @entity25 and cardiac performance in @entity1 with @entity27 . DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: General Clinical Research Center. @entity1 : The study sample was comprised of 86 @entity1 (68 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 ) with an average age of 47 years. All were suspected of @entity27 and underwent confirmatory diagnostic polysomnography (respiratory disturbance index > or = 15). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: @entity64 volume and cardiac output were measured using impedance cardiography and corrected for body surface area to yield @entity64 index and cardiac index. @entity25 was quantified using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. A higher Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, suggesting more @entity25 , was significantly related to @entity64 index and cardiac index. In multiple regression analyses, the relationships of Epworth Sleepiness Scale score with both @entity64 index and cardiac index were significant (p < .05), even after controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, respiratory disturbance index, and mean sleep @entity26 saturation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity25 is independently associated with decreases in cardiac function as assessed by impedance cardiography in @entity1 with @entity27 .

title: XXXX : a harbinger of impaired cardiac function?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lower stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['having obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'Daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the long-term efficacy of @entity1487 (FU) or chemical peels for the treatment of actinic keratoses (AK). Our earlier work examined the efficacy and safety of a medium-depth chemical peel compared with the standard regimen of topical FU in the treatment of widespread facial AK through 12 months. OBJECTIVES: To determine long-term efficacy of both treatments by extending our observations through 32 months. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with severe @entity16 were treated on the left side with a single application of Jessner's solution and 35% @entity2804 and on the right side with twice daily applications of 5% FU cream for 3 weeks. Parameters evaluated at 1, 6, 12, and 32 months included counts of visible AK, random skin biopsies from both treatment areas, development of intercurrent @entity5 , and surveys assessing sun exposure. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 were available for reevaluation at 32 months. Both treatment sides showed a reduction in mean number of AK at 12 months followed by an increase in mean AK number between 12 and 32 months. Improvements in biopsies of clinically actinically damaged skin were seen in keratinocytic atypia, @entity5656 , @entity8286 , and @entity32 at all treatment times during the study with both treatments. Three @entity957 developed in the @entity1 after initial treatment; one developed on the side treated with the peel, and two developed on the side treated with @entity1487 . Surveys failed to demonstrate an association between sun exposure and clinical response. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, @entity1 with widespread actinic keratoses treated with medium-depth chemical peel or with 5% FU should be reevaluated yearly or every 1.5 years for reappearance of AK and retreatment.

title: Long-term efficacy and safety of Jessner's solution and 35% XXXX vs 5% @entity1487 in the treatment of widespread facial actinic keratoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['facial actinic damage']

entities_list: @entity8286 :: ('MESH:D010241', 'Disease') :: ['parakeratosis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity2804 :: (MESH:D014238,Chemical) :: ['trichloroacetic acid']


abstract: It was assessed the immunohistochemical profile of @entity2902 + cells in cases of @entity102 ( @entity102 ) and @entity7278 ( @entity7278 ). Immunohistochemistry was carried out using streptoavidin- @entity1885 complex and anti- @entity2902 antibody in 17 cases of @entity102 and 25 cases of @entity7278 . Sixteen cases (94.1%) of @entity102 were immunopositive. @entity2902 was focally expressed in 50% of the sample and diffusely expressed in 25%. The stained cells were localized not only beneath the epithelium, but also far from it. In relation to the cellular density quantification of @entity2902 + cells, score ++ was the most common. Concerning @entity7278 , all cases were immunopositive. @entity2902 + cells were expressed in focal or diffuse pattern either close or far from the epithelium. Diffuse distribution of positive cells throughout the connective tissue was seen in 60% of the cases and 32% showed focal or diffuse cellular pattern. Sixteen cases (64%) received score +++. It was identified that @entity2902 + cells are present in either a focal or a diffuse pattern in connective tissue. Significant differences in the density of cellular immunostaining between @entity102 and @entity7278 were found. The greatest density was observed in @entity7278 cases, which suggests that the infiltrate of lymphocytes show a higher degree of cellular activation in @entity2521 compared with @entity2522 .

title: Immunohistochemical evaluation of XXXX + cell expression in the progression of periodontal disease.

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CG', 'chronic gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2902 :: (3559,Gene) :: ['CD25']


abstract: @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) is a common @entity1112 resulting from the absence of dystrophin in muscle. Affected @entity1 suffer from incurable progressive @entity425 , leading to @entity204 . Stem cell transplantation may be curative, but is hampered by the need for systemic delivery and immune rejection. To address these barriers to stem cell therapy in @entity1555 , we investigated a fetal-to-fetal transplantation strategy. We investigated intramuscular, intravascular, and intraperitoneal delivery of @entity1 fetal mesenchymal stem cells (hfMSCs) into embryonic day (E) 14-16 @entity27531 @entity19 to determine the most appropriate route for systemic delivery. Intramuscular injections resulted in local engraftment, whereas both intraperitoneal and intravascular delivery led to systemic spread. However, intravascular delivery led to unexpected demise of transplanted @entity19 . Transplantation of hfMSCs into E14-16 mdx @entity19 resulted in widespread long-term engraftment (19 weeks) in multiple organs, with a predilection for muscle compared with nonmuscle tissues (0.71% vs. 0.15%, p < .01), and evidence of myogenic differentiation of hfMSCs in skeletal and myocardial muscle. This is the first report of intrauterine transplantation of ontologically relevant hfMSCs into fully immunocompetent dystrophic fetal @entity19 , with systemic spread across endothelial barriers leading to widespread long-term engraftment in multiple organ compartments. Although the low-level of chimerism achieved is not curative for @entity1555 , this approach may be useful in other severe @entity2246 , where low-level protein expression may ameliorate disease pathology.

title: Widespread distribution and muscle differentiation of @entity1 fetal mesenchymal stem cells after intrauterine transplantation in dystrophic mdx XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked disease']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal or enzyme deficiency syndromes']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the results of hypofractionated accelerated CT-guided interstitial HDR-BRT using 2.5 Gy per fraction. From December 2008 to March 2010, 30 @entity1 were treated for recurrence of previously-irradiated @entity135 . Thirteen @entity1 underwent surgical resection followed by HDR-BRT to the @entity5 bed. Seventeen @entity1 were treated with HDR-BRT only. All @entity1 received 2.5 Gy twice per day for a total dosage of 30 Gy. The overall survival rate (OS) for the entire group at 1 and 2-years was 63% and 47%, while local control (LC) was 73% and 67%, and disease-free survival (DFS) was 60% and 53%, respectively. @entity1 treated with surgical resection and HDR-BRT showed an improvement in both 2-year LC (77% vs. 47%, p = 0.013) and 2-year OS (62% vs. 35%, p = 0.035) compared to @entity1 treated with HDR-BRT only. Median OS for pre-treatment @entity5 volumes  <= 36 cm3 was 22 months and 9.2 months for those > 36 cm3 (p = 0.038). Grade III and IV late complications occurred in 3% of @entity1 . There were no grade V complications. The interstitial HDR brachytherapy regimen using 2.5 Gy twice daily fractions at a total dose of 30 Gy offers an effective treatment option for @entity1 with recurrent previously-irradiated @entity135 with a low rate of late high grade @entity137 . Surgical resection had a positive effect on survival and local control in management of @entity1 with recurrent @entity135 .

title: Reirradiation of recurrent XXXX using high-dose-rate brachytherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative contributions of psychological (mood and @entity148 ), social, and @entity410 -related variables to quality of life (QOL) scores in @entity302 . METHODS: Outpatients (n = 435) with @entity302 completed the Quality of Life in Epilepsy 31 Inventory (QOLIE-31), Beck @entity308 Inventory II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory, and a social survey. Stepwise linear regression and general linear model analyses determined the set of best predictors and the most unique predictors of composite QOLIE-31 score and subscale scores. RESULTS: A three-variable model accounted for 56% of the variance for the composite QOLIE-31 score. The BDI-II was the strongest (often by several multiples in terms of variance explained) and most consistent predictor of the composite and QOLIE subscales in both types of analytic approaches. In no case did BDI-II significantly interact with the other variables, suggesting that its effect on QOL was direct and not mediated by other factors. Throughout the results, @entity308 had an inverse relation to scores, i.e., lower levels of @entity308 correlated with high QOL scores. Separate correlational analyses showed that poor @entity410 control was associated with increased numbers of @entity308 . DISCUSSION: Quality of Life in @entity302 , reflecting both general and specific aspects of quality of life, are strongly influenced by mood state, such as @entity308 . Factors such as @entity410 control exert a more limited effect on the QOLIE. Health-related quality of life measures are needed in which mood does not play such a dominant role.

title: The association of mood with quality of life ratings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy (QOLIE) scores']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Study Type - Prognosis (cohort series). Level of Evidence 2a. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The incidence and prevalence of @entity28 in the USA and Europe is increasing. Higher body mass index is associated with a lower risk of @entity263 diagnosis but also with an increased risk of high grade @entity263 . Obese @entity1 undergoing primary therapy with radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation are more likely to experience a biochemical recurrence after treatment compared with normal weight @entity1 . Finally, @entity28 is associated with @entity263 -specific mortality. We hypothesized that @entity28 @entity1 on @entity342 deprivation therapy may be at increased risk for @entity263 progression. Previous studies have shown that @entity28 @entity1 have lower levels of @entity251 compared with normal weight @entity1 . Additionally, one previous study found that @entity28 @entity1 have higher levels of @entity251 on @entity342 deprivation therapy. @entity1 with higher levels of @entity251 on @entity342 deprivation therapy are at increased risk of @entity263 progression. We found that @entity1 with higher body mass index were at increased risk of progression to castration-resistant @entity263 , development of @entity3 and prostate-cancer-specific mortality. When we adjusted for various clinicopathological characteristics, @entity28 @entity1 were at increased risk of progression to castration-resistant @entity263 and development of @entity3 . The results of our study help generate hypotheses for further study regarding the mechanisms between @entity28 and @entity263 . OBJECTIVE:     To investigate whether @entity28 predicts poor outcomes in @entity1 starting @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) before @entity3 , since previous studies found worse outcomes after surgery and radiation for @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS:     A retrospective review was carried out of 287 @entity1 in the SEARCH database treated with radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 2009.     Body mass index (BMI) was categorized to <25, 25-29.9 and >=  30 kg/m2.     Proportional hazards models were used to test the association between BMI and time to castration-resistant @entity263 ( @entity263 ), @entity3 and @entity263 -specific mortality adjusting for demographic and clinicopathological data. RESULTS:     During a median 73-month follow-up after radical prostatectomy, 403 @entity1 (14%) received early ADT.     Among 287 @entity1 with complete data, median BMI was 28.3 kg/m2.     Median follow-up from the start of ADT was 52 months during which 44 @entity1 developed castration-resistant @entity263 , 34 developed @entity3 and 24 died from @entity263 .     In multivariate analysis, higher BMI was associated with a trend for greater risk of progression to castration-resistant @entity263 (P= 0.063), a more than threefold increased risk of developing @entity3 (P= 0.027) and a trend toward worse @entity263 -specific mortality (P= 0.119).     Prognostic biomarkers did not differ between BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS:     Among @entity1 treated with early ADT, our results suggest that @entity28 @entity1 may have increased risk of @entity263 progression.     These data support the general hypothesis that @entity28 is associated with aggressive @entity263 , although validation of these findings and further study of the mechanisms linking @entity28 and poor @entity263 outcomes are required.

title: XXXX is associated with castration-resistant disease and @entity3 in @entity1 treated with @entity342 deprivation therapy after radical prostatectomy: results from the SEARCH database.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['increased prostate-cancer', 'aggressive prostate cancer', 'overall prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Total knee arthroplasty is associated with severe @entity282 . The aim of this study was to compare continuous ultrasound-guided femoral @entity616 with continuous epidural analgesia, both with low concentrations of local anaesthetic after total knee arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, randomised, unblinded study of 60 @entity1 undergoing total knee replacement, randomised into two groups. A total of 30 @entity1 received continuous epidural block, while the other 30 received continuous ultrasound-guided femoral @entity616 , as well as using 0.125% @entity1343 infusion in both groups. Differences in @entity158 control, undesirable effects, and complications between the two techniques were assessed, as well as the need for opioid rescue and the level of satisfaction with the treatment received during the first 48hours after surgery. RESULTS: No differences were found in demographic and surgical variables. The quality of analgesia was similar in both groups, although in the first six hours after surgery, @entity1 in the epidural group had @entity158 both at rest and with movement (P=.007 and P=.011). This difference was not observed at 24hours (P=.084 and P=.942). @entity158 control at rest in the femoral block group was better at 48hours after surgery than in the epidural group (P=.009). The mean consumption of @entity1286 and level of satisfaction were similar. Epidural analgesia showed the highest rate of side effects (P=.003). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous ultrasound-guided femoral @entity616 provides analgesia and @entity1286 consumption similar to epidural analgesia, with the same level of satisfaction, but with a lower rate of side effects after total knee arthroplasty.

title: Effectiveness and safety of continuous ultrasound-guided femoral XXXX versus epidural analgesia after total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['nerve block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to determine if postoperative serial monitoring of @entity5 @entity1 can be performed with an immunoscintigraphic imaging test for @entity787 ( @entity787 ). It was also of interest to assess whether this test, in combination with standard monitoring procedures used in an intensive surveillance plan, can result in the identification of surgically salvageable @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Forty consecutive resected Dukes' B and C @entity5 @entity1 underwent a prospective, single-institution, surveillance trial of physical examination (including digital rectal examination), endoscopy, CT of the abdomen and pelvis, liver ultrasound, chest x-ray, blood @entity787 , and @entity787 immunoscintigraphy with arcitumomab ( @entity787 -Scan, Immunomedics, Morris Plains, NJ) every 6 months for the first 2 years and every 12 months for the next 3 years after initial operation. Outcomes were compared with those from a similar group of 69 @entity1 treated previously at the same institution but without @entity787 imaging. RESULTS: A total of 219 @entity787 imaging studies were performed without any significant adverse effects or immune responses, and resulted in lesion sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of 94.1%, 97.5%, 97.3%, 76.2%, and 99.5%, respectively. Of the 40 @entity1 , 16 developed 22 surgically confirmed local or distant recurrences, and @entity787 imaging correctly disclosed 82% of these lesions pre-operatively. All of the @entity1 found to have recurrences had at least one @entity5 site by @entity787 imaging; only 6 of 16 had elevated blood @entity787 titers. On a @entity1 -basis, there was a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 79.2%, an accuracy of 87.5%, and positive and negative predictive values of 76.2% and 100%, respectively. The potential therapeutic benefit of serial arcitumomab imaging is suggested by the fact that 6 of 16 @entity1 (37.5%) with recurrence underwent potentially curative second-look operations, compared with 6 of 69 (8.7%) of a comparable population studied at this institution during an earlier 6-year period, using all of the same tests except @entity787 imaging. None of the @entity1 in this historic control group survived more than 21 months, although the mean survival of the six @entity1 resected for cure in the study population was 35 months (range 11 to 69 months). During 6 years of followup, three of the six re-resected @entity1 eventually died of @entity5 recurrence, two died from other causes (and were confirmed by necropsy to be @entity5 -free), and one @entity1 is still free of disease in the sixth year. @entity787 scanning appeared to be more predictive of recurrence than blood @entity787 testing or other diagnostic modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Arcitumomab inclusion in intensive surveillance of @entity1 with resected @entity5 can disclose @entity5 recurrence at a stage that allowed surgical salvage therapy in 37.5% of the 16 @entity1 with recurrence who had second-look surgery, and in 19% the @entity1 were free of disease during longterm followup. This pilot study suggests that a randomized prospective trial comparing standard surveillance procedures to the use of @entity787 imaging added thereto should be undertaken.

title: Can postoperative surveillance with serial @entity787 immunoscintigraphy detect resectable XXXX recurrence and potentially improve @entity5 -free survival?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report 2 cases of skin nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) occurring in @entity1252 @entity1 and to systematically review the medical literature addressing skin NTM in @entity1252 . METHODS: We reported 2 cases of skin NTM in @entity1252 @entity1 followed at the Toronto Lupus Clinic. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on NTM in @entity1252 @entity1 . Ovid Medline (1946 to March 12, 2012) and Embase (1980 to March 12, 2012) were searched for relevant publications. RESULTS: Of the 1356 retrieved abstracts, 19 publications were identified and 25 cases of skin NTM were extracted. Skin presentations in this review ranged from papules, plaques, and nodules to @entity1066 and abscesses. @entity272 occurred in the setting of active and inactive @entity1252 and while @entity1 were maintained on @entity230 and sometimes immunosuppressants. The pathogen species included @entity3069 chelonae, @entity3069 haemophilum, @entity3069 kansasii, @entity3069 , @entity3069 scrofulaceum, @entity3069 fortuitum, @entity3069 marinatum, and @entity3069 szulgai. The duration of antimycobacterial drugs ranged from 3 to 12 months. Skin excision, drainage, and debridement might be required in some cases. Empirical monotherapy was used initially, and the final choice of antibiotics was based on the susceptibility determined in culture. Overall, the outcomes of the @entity272 resulted in either complete recovery or improvement. CONCLUSIONS: A high index of suspicion in @entity1252 @entity1 is required to diagnose NTM, as the initial presentation of NTM can mimic @entity1252 skin manifestations.

title: Skin nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in XXXX : an unusual skin infection mimicking lupus vasculitis.

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative lesions']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium', 'Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin lesions', 'skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity28 and @entity626 ( @entity571 ), two of the most common @entity102 , are often comorbid. @entity28 increases the risk of knee @entity571 by a variety of mechanisms, such as @entity2720 , with detrimental effects related to metainflammation and behavioural factors, including diminished physical activity and subsequent loss of protective muscle strength. These complex interactions present a challenge to the managing physician. The risk of knee @entity571 related to @entity1017 and @entity28 begins from an early age. Weight loss reduces the risk of incident knee @entity571 , and, in established disease, reduces symptoms, improves function and is likely to reduce disease progression. We review strategies to facilitate @entity353 , with particular reference to their application in @entity1 with knee @entity571 . Although knee @entity571 presents intrinsic barriers to weight management, @entity353 is possible at all stages of disease. Exercise or muscle strengthening are desirable for general health and to improve function, but are not essential to achieve @entity353 and a successful symptomatic result. The degree of @entity353 required to achieve benefit might be greater with increasing disease severity. Finally, we outline the need for a societal approach to tackle @entity28 -related @entity571 .

title: Tackling @entity28 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['increased joint loading and changes in body composition']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the neoplastic risk in the remaining colon after proctectomy for @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ). BACKGROUND: The extent of surgery for @entity5 in @entity14 is controversial. In determining which operation to perform, surgeons and @entity1 must consider @entity5 risk in the remaining colon as well as functional consequences of removing the entire colorectum. The natural history of @entity694 in this situation is understudied and is not well-defined. METHODS: A single-institution hereditary @entity14 database was queried for @entity1 meeting Amsterdam criteria and with @entity5 . @entity1 demographics, surgical management, and follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: Fifty @entity14 @entity1 with a primary diagnosis of @entity5 treated by proctectcomy were included. Detailed follow-up colonoscopy data were available for 33 @entity1 . Forty-eight high-risk @entity652 developed in 13 @entity1 (39.4%). Five @entity1 (15.2%) developed @entity420 at a median of 6 years (range 3.5-16) after proctectomy, including 3 at advanced stage. One of these @entity1 developed a high-risk @entity652 before @entity5 . Mean interval between the last normal colonoscopy and @entity5 discovery was 42 months (range 23.8-62.1) with one developing within 2 years. Thus, 17 of 33 @entity1 (51.5%) developed high-risk @entity652 or @entity5 after proctectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons and @entity1 need to be aware of substantial risk for @entity5 after proctectomy. Selection of operation should be individualized, but total proctocolectomy and ileoanal pouch should be strongly considered. If @entity1 undergo proctectomy alone, close surveillance is mandatory.

title: Risk of @entity694 after proctectomy for @entity5 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous neoplasia', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'HNPCC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: D'Amico high @entity263 is associated with higher incidence of extra @entity4623 . It is recommended to avoid nerve sparing in high risk @entity1 to avoid @entity5 . We report our intermediate term oncologic and functional outcomes in @entity1 with preoperative D'Amico high @entity263 , who underwent selective nerve sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Between Jan 2008 till June 2013, 557 @entity1 underwent RARP for D'Amico high @entity263 . The criteria for nerve sparing were as follows-complete: non palpable disease with <3 cores involvement on prostate biopsy; partial: non palpable disease with <4 cores involvement on prostate biopsy; none: clinically palpable disease with >= 4 cores involvement on prostate biopsy and intraoperative visual cues of locally advanced disease (loss of dissection planes, focal bulge of prostatic capsule). Degree of nerve sparing (NS) was graded intraoperatively by the surgeon independently at either side as side specific margins were assessed to predict subjectivity of the intraoperative judgment. Various data were collected and analyzed. Of 557 @entity1 who underwent RARP 140 underwent complete (group 1), 358 @entity1 underwent partial (group 2), and 59 @entity1 underwent non-nerve-sparing procedure (group 3). There were no difference in preoperative characteristic between the groups (p  =  0.678), but group 3 had higher Gleason score sum (p  =  0.001), positive cores on biopsy (p  =  0.001) and higher t stage (p  =  0.001). Postoperatively Extra prostatic extension (p  =  0.001), seminal vesicle invasion (p  =  0.001), and @entity5 volume (p  <  0.001) were higher in Group 3. Side specific positive surgical margins (PSMs) rates were higher for non-nerve-sparing compared to partial and complete nerve sparing RARP (p  <  0.001; overall PSMs  =  25.2  %). On univariate and multivariate analysis, nerve sparing did not affect PSMs (p  >  0.05). The overall biochemical recurrence (BCR) rate at mean follow-up of 24.3  months was 19.21  %. The continence rate at 3  month was significantly higher in complete NS group in comparison to non-NS group (p  =  0.020), however, this difference was not statistically significant at 1  year. Similarly, mean time to continence was significantly lower in complete NS group in comparison to non-NS group (p  =  0.030). The potency rate was significantly higher and mean time to potency was significantly lower in complete NS group in comparison to non-NS group (p  =  0.010 and 0.020, respectively). In high @entity263 @entity1 , selective nerve sparing during RARP, using the preoperative clinical variables (clinical stage and positive cores on biopsy) and surgeon's intraoperative perception, could provide reasonable intermediate term oncologic, functional outcomes (continence and potency) with acceptable perioperative morbidity and positive surgical margins rate. Use of these preoperative factors and surgeon's intraoperative judgment can appropriately evaluate high @entity263 @entity1 for nerve sparing RARP.

title: Safety of selective nerve sparing in high XXXX during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['risk prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'residual cancer']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['risk prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We have previously reported that one in six @entity1 stops experiencing psychogenic @entity410 (PNES) following our communication protocol. This prospective multicentre study describes a psycho-educational intervention for PNES building on the initial communication of the diagnosis and examines the feasibility of its delivery by healthcare professionals with minimal experience in psychological therapies. METHOD: Three healthcare professionals with minimal training in psychological therapies took part in a one-day training course. 20 @entity1 attended for a four-session manualised psycho-educational intervention delivered at three different clinical neuroscience centres. @entity1 completed self-report measures prior to the intervention at baseline (n=29) and seven months after diagnosis (n=13) measures included @entity410 frequency, health related quality of life, healthcare utilisation, activity levels, symptom attributions and levels of functioning. Therapy sessions were audiorecorded and manual adherence assessed. RESULTS: Of 29 @entity1 enrolled into the study, 20 started and 13 completed the intervention and provided follow-up information. At follow-up, 4/13 of @entity1 had achieved complete @entity410 control and a further 3/13 reported a greater than 50% improvement in @entity410 frequency. After training, @entity302 nurses and assistant psychologists demonstrated sufficient adherence to the manualised psycho-educational intervention in 80% of sessions. CONCLUSION: The delivery of our brief manualised psycho-educational intervention for PNES by health professionals with minimal training in psychological treatment was feasible. The intervention was associated with higher rates of PNES cessation than those observed in our previous studies describing the short-term outcome of the communication of the diagnosis alone. An RCT of the intervention is justified but a significant proportion of drop-outs will have to be anticipated.

title: A feasibility study of a brief psycho-educational intervention for psychogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'nonepileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['nonepileptic seizures']


abstract: A 75-year-old @entity1 underwent distal gastrectomy for @entity356 (CY+, Stage IV) in June 2009. About 4 months after surgery, he had a strong @entity158 in a right shoulder, and became writing difficulty. Some imaging examinations revealed multiple bone @entity3 , and it was diagnosed that the @entity158 was caused by the @entity5 of cervical spine. Systemic chemotherapy was started using a regimen of S-1/CDDP, and radiotherapy (30 Gy) was performed for the cervical @entity5 at the same time. After two-course of the chemotherapy, the shoulder @entity158 disappeared. About 12 months after surgery, he had a strong @entity158 in a left leg, and became walking difficulty. Some imaging examinations revealed a progression of the @entity5 of lumbar spine. Radiotherapy (30 Gy) was demonstrated for the @entity5 . After the treatment, the leg @entity158 disappeared. We experienced a case of multiple bone @entity3 successfully treated with chemo-radiotherapy.

title: [A case of multiple bone @entity3 from XXXX successfully treated with chemo-radiotherapy].

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: We present here worldwide estimates of annual mortality from all @entity5 and for 25 specific @entity5 sites around 1990. Crude and age-standardised mortality rates and numbers of @entity204 were computed for 23 geographical areas. Of the estimated 5.2 million @entity204 from @entity5 (excluding @entity1489 ), 55% (2.8 million) occurred in developing countries. The sex ratio is 1.33 (M:F), greater than that of incidence (1.13) due to the more favourable prognosis of @entity5 in @entity1 . @entity2 is still the most common cause of @entity204 from @entity5 worldwide with over 900,000 @entity204 per year, followed by @entity356 with over 600,000 @entity14 accounting for at least 400,000 @entity204 each. In @entity1 , @entity204 from liver @entity5 exceed those due to @entity5 by 38%. Over 300,000 @entity204 of @entity1 are attributed to @entity0 , which remains the leading cause of @entity204 from @entity5 in @entity1 , followed by @entity5 of the stomach and lung with 230,000 annual @entity204 each. In @entity1 , the risk of dying from @entity5 is highest in eastern Europe, with an age-standardised rate for all sites of 205 @entity204 per 100,000 population. Mortality rates in all other developed regions are around 180. The only developing area with an overall rate of the same magnitude as that in developed countries is southern Africa. All of eastern Asia, including China, has mortality rates above the world average, as do all developed countries. The region of highest risk among @entity1 is northern Europe (age-standardised rate = 125.4), followed by North America, southern Africa and tropical South America. Only south-central and western Asia (Indian subcontinent, central Asia and the middle-eastern countries) and Northern Africa are well below the world average of 90 @entity204 per 100,000 population annually. Our results indicate the potential impact of preventive practices. It is estimated that 20% of all @entity5 @entity204 (1 million) could be prevented by eliminating @entity286 smoking. Infectious agents account for a further 16% of @entity204 .

title: Estimates of the worldwide mortality from 25 XXXX in 1990.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'colo-rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['deaths and colorectal and liver cancers']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Velopharyngoplasty is the most commonly used operative technique for the treatment of @entity1739 . By attaching a posterior pharyngeal flap to the velum, a nonphysiological situation is created in the upper airway. PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to find a new surgical approach to physiological reconstruction of the velopharyngeal sphincter. MATERIAL: Anatomical investigations were performed in four cadavers. From this study a new surgical technique was developed and called 'levatorplasty': the musculus @entity3100 was taken to create a new muscular loop leading to (a) an augmentation of the posterior wall, (b) a medial shift of the lateral pharyngeal wall; and (c) stretching of the velum posteriorly. Thus, the velopharyngeal space was reduced and a physiological closure of the nasal airway space could be obtained. STUDY DESIGN: The levatorplasty was employed in nine @entity2419 @entity1 with @entity1739 . Pre- and postoperatively the velopharyngeal closure was evaluated by phonetic and radiological examination. RESULTS: The operation was easily performed without major complications. A concentric constriction with decrease of the velopharyngeal space was achieved and a definitive decrease of nasalance and @entity2422 resulted. CONCLUSION: Long-term follow-ups have to verify whether these results will be stable. They also have to be compared with functional improvements following velopharyngoplasty or pharyngoplasty. Of special interest will be evaluation of the altered mobility of the lateral pharyngeal walls.

title: Levatorplasty, a new technique to treat XXXX : anatomical investigations and preliminary clinical results.

entities_list: @entity2422 :: ('MESH:C537724', 'Disease') :: ['hypernasality']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['velopharyngeal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['longus capitis']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

answer: @entity2422 :: (MESH:C537724,Disease) :: ['hypernasality']


abstract: Up to now, it is generally observed that (i) the microbial growth domain is confined by structure-induced stress, or (ii) a solid(-like) environment can enhance microbial survival/growth. In most studies in solid(-like) systems, structure is induced by the addition of gelatin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of other structure-inducing components on the growth dynamics. Both single and binary gel systems are used. Growth is studied when simultaneously exposed to salt stress. Experiments are performed in spectrophotometer tubes, filled with 1  mL of liquid, or structured inoculated brain heart infusion. Four different (combinations of) gelling agents are tested, that is, gelatin, xanthan gum, a 50% combination of xanthan gum and gelatin, and a 50% combination of carrageenan and gelatin. Experiments determine the growth behavior of both @entity526 (0% to 0.5% and 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% @entity1219 ) and @entity2491 (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% @entity1219 ) at 23.5 and 27    C. By means of plate counting, the growth dynamics are determined. At the studied conditions, growth of @entity526 and @entity2491 seems independent of the type of structure-inducing component. However, at higher concentrations of salt (>2%), lag phases are typically shorter in solid(-like) systems than in liquid media. For the conditions tested, the effect of a structured environment on growth rate and maximal cell density can be neglected.

title: Effect of immobilization and salt concentration on the growth dynamics of Escherichia coli K12 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella Typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']


abstract: The dominant subset of y   T cells in @entity1 peripheral blood expresses Vy9 paired with V  2 as variable TCR elements. Vy9V  2 T cells recognize @entity25275 derived from the microbial non- @entity12308 isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway at pico- to nanomolar concentrations. Structurally related @entity25275 are generated in eukaryotic cells through the mevalonate pathway involved in protein prenylation and @entity165 synthesis. However, micromolar concentrations of endogenous @entity25275 are required to be recognized by Vy9V  2 T cells. Such concentrations are not produced by normal cells but can accumulate upon cellular stress and transformation. Therefore, many @entity5 cells are susceptible to y   T cell-mediated lysis owing to the overproduction of endogenous @entity25275 . This explains why Vy9V  2 T cells contribute to both anti-infective and anti- @entity5 immunity. Ex vivo analysed Vy9V  2 T cells can be subdivided on the basis of additional surface markers, including chemokine receptors and markers for na  ve and memory T cells. At the functional level, Vy9V  2 T cells produce a broad range of cytokines, display potent cytotoxic activity, regulate ab T cell responses, and - quite surprisingly - can act as professional antigen-presenting cells. Thus, an exceptional range of effector functions has been assigned to a population of T cells, which all recognize invariant exogenous or endogenous @entity25275 that are not seen by any other immune cell. Here, we discuss whether this plethora of effector functions reflects the plasticity of individual Vy9V  2 T cells or can be assigned to distinct subsets.

title: The multifunctionality of XXXX Vy9V  2 y   T cells: clonal plasticity or distinct subsets?

entities_list: @entity12308 :: ('MESH:D008798', 'Chemical') :: ['mevalonate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity25275 :: ('MESH:D011756', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrophosphates']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a member of the neurotrophin family and is essential for the differentiation and maintenance of neural cells. Recently, it has been reported that NGF is involved in the growth of @entity0 . On the other hand, two types of NGF receptors have been identified, a low-affinity receptor, p75NGFR, and a high-affinity receptor, @entity2250 . NGF-p75NGFR interaction is known to play an important role in apoptosis, whereas NGF- @entity2250 interaction is responsible for the survival of neural cells. We examined the relationship between clinicopathological factors, Ki-67 index, apoptotic index and the immunohistochemical expression of NGF, @entity2250 and p75NGFR in 71 @entity9962 ( @entity9962 ) specimens. Our data indicate that positive Ki-67 expression (a labeling index exceeding 30%) correlates significantly with the positive expression of NGF (p=0.0091). Moreover, the apoptotic index was found to correlate with a strong expression of p75NGFR. Furthermore, @entity1 who were NGF positive and p75NGFR negative had significantly poorer disease-free survival rates (p=0.0165). In contrast, those who were NGF negative and p75NGFR positive had significantly more favorable outcomes (p=0.0191). These findings suggest that a combined evaluation of NGF and p75NGFR expression is a predictive factor in the prognosis of @entity9962 @entity1 .

title: Combined evaluation of NGF and p75NGFR expression is a biomarker for predicting prognosis in XXXX @entity9962 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal breast carcinoma', 'IDBC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) increases the likelihood that breast conservation therapy for @entity0 @entity1 will be successful. There is no available nomogram to predict breast conservation after NACT. The aim of the current study was to develop and validate nomograms for predicting @entity41 size and probability of a @entity1 becoming eligible for breast conservation surgery after NACT. METHODS: A total of 1147 @entity1 treated at M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center (Houston, TX) and the Institut Gustave Roussy (Villejuif, France) who received @entity4349 with or without @entity1311 NACT were included in the analysis. Clinicopathologic data from 1 series were used to construct logistic regression models for breast conservation and @entity41 size < 3 cm after NACT and were validated on an independent series. RESULTS: The discrimination and the calibration of the nomogram for predicting the probability of @entity41 size < 3 cm after @entity4349 -based NACT were good when applied to the validation set (concordance index = 0.79; U-index = 10(-3)). The discrimination of the nomogram for predicting eligibility for breast conservation therapy was also good (concordance index = 0.67). However, the calibration had to be adjusted to take into account global rates of breast conservation surgery. A second nomogram adapted to preoperative chemotherapy regimens containing @entity1311 was established. The concordance index of the nomogram for predicting breast conservation was 0.71 (P < 10(-6)) for the independent dataset and the calibration was also good. The confrontation of both nomograms showed that predictions were highly correlated (r = 0.97), suggesting that eligibility for breast conservation therapy was independent of the preoperative chemotherapy regimen used. CONCLUSIONS: Nomograms were developed for @entity0 @entity1 who received NACT to predict @entity41 size and whether the @entity1 would thus become eligible for breast conservation therapy. These tools may be useful when counseling @entity1 about treatment options, and a web-based interface is now available to help guide @entity1 and physicians in these decisions.

title: Development and validation of nomograms for predicting XXXX size and the probability of successful conservative surgery with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['residual tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that plasma @entity165 lowering action of partial ileal bypass ( @entity7659 ) is beneficial in mitigating accelerated transplantation coronary @entity455 . METHODS: Forty-one New Zealand white @entity95 were randomized to receive a normal (n = 21) or 1% @entity165 diet (n = 20). They underwent heterotopic heart transplantation with sham- @entity7659 (n = 19) or @entity7659 (n = 22) and immunosuppression with @entity205 (CyA). RESULTS: CyA increased plasma @entity165 of @entity95 receiving a normal diet. This effect was mitigated by @entity7659 (101 +/- 50 mg/dl CyA vs baseline 24 +/- 8, p < 0.001; vs 54 +/- 25 mg/dl with @entity7659 , p < 0.05). In @entity165 -fed @entity95 , @entity7659 decreased plasma @entity165 levels (520 +/- 236 mg/dl @entity7659 vs baseline 720 +/- 359, p < 0.05; vs 1502 +/- 253 mg/dl with sham @entity7659 , p < 0.00001). Coronary arteries (CA) of 21 5-week survivors were evaluated by light microscopy and digital morphometry. No rejection was noted. Histologic study revealed @entity455 in 3% of 705 native and 18% of 654 transplant CA (p < 0.05). Graft @entity455 (GV) was present in 25% of 365 CA of sham- @entity7659 and 10% of 289 CA of @entity7659 @entity95 (p = 0.07). In @entity165 -fed @entity95 , GV was characterized by @entity8481 in 75% of 91 pathologic CA of sham and 21% of 28 pathologic CA of @entity7659 @entity95 (p < 0.05). Graft intimal @entity1373 was not correlated with @entity165 intake or @entity7659 and was present in 18 of 119 pathologic CA. CONCLUSIONS: GV was characterized by fatty intimal proliferation, @entity82 , and a "mixed type." Fibrous intimal @entity1373 developed in native and transplanted hearts, and CyA seemed to promote this state. @entity1007 promoted @entity8481 , worsening GV. @entity7659 significantly decreased total @entity165 and retarded fatty proliferation of CA of native and transplanted hearts but did not prevent @entity455 . Therapy of @entity1007 is recommended to at least mitigate the fatty intimal proliferation of GV.

title: Role of @entity1007 in accelerated transplant coronary XXXX : results of surgical therapy with partial ileal bypass in @entity95 undergoing heterotopic heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy', 'intimal hyperplastic vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous intimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8481 :: ('MESH:C536351', 'Disease') :: ['fatty proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia', 'hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vasculopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lichen planus (LP) is a common @entity272 of unknown aetiology that affects the skin, mucous membranes and nails. Although metal @entity566 have been implicated in the development of oral LP (OLP), the contribution of these @entity566 to nail LP (NLP) has yet to be studied in detail. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the link between @entity566 and NLP. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 115 LP @entity1 with respect to the contribution of metals to either NLP or OLP. We also attempted to detect the specific metals involved in these nail lesions. RESULTS: Of the 79 @entity1 that received a metal patch test (PT), 24 (30%) were positive for at least one of the metal compounds tested. Notably, the prevalence of positive reactions to metals in the NLP @entity1 was significantly higher as compared with the OLP @entity1 (59% vs. 27%, P < 0.05). Among the 10 PT-positive @entity1 with NLP, improvement of the @entity272 was seen in six of the @entity1 after removal of dental materials containing causative metals or systemic @entity9992 therapy. On the other hand, only 3 of 16 PT-positive @entity1 with OLP exhibited improvement after the removal of dental materials. Causative metals in the dental fillings/braces were detected in the involved nail tissues. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that metal @entity566 are more closely associated with NLP vs. OLP, and that deposited metals in the nail apparatus contribute to the development of lichenoid tissue reactions in the nail bed and matrix.

title: Close association between XXXX and nail lichen planus: detection of causative metals in nail lesions.

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies', 'metal allergy']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['disodium cromoglycate']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorder', 'skin lesions']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['metal allergy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Nodal micrometastasis is a negative prognosticator for @entity418 . There is a trend toward endoscopic resection for early @entity5 without lymphadenectomy. Frequency and prognostic impact of nodal micrometastasis in early @entity5 have not been investigated so far. @entity1 AND METHODS: This study includes 69 @entity1 with a pT1-stage @entity5 (SCC: n = 26, AC: n = 43), who underwent transthoracic en-bloc esophagectomy with D2-lympadenectomy between 1996 and 2004. On routine histopathological analysis 48 @entity1 were diagnosed as pN0. Lymph nodes (n = 1344) of these @entity1 were further examined for the presence of @entity5 cells with the monoclonal anti-epithelial antibody @entity1325 / @entity1326 . RESULTS: In lymph nodes of 7 (14.6%) out of 48 pN0- @entity1 a positive staining for @entity1325 / @entity1326 as a sign for nodal micrometastasis was found. In these @entity1 the @entity5 has infiltrated the submucosal layer. In @entity1 with @entity5 restricted to mucosal layer (n = 20) no nodal micrometastasis was present. 5-year survival of pN0- @entity1 with nodal micrometastasis was inferior compared to pN0- @entity1 (57% vs. 82%; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Almost 15% of @entity1 with pT1 N0 M0 @entity189 and only those with submucosal infiltration show nodal micrometastasis. It has a significant negative impact on survival already in early @entity418 .

title: Prognostic impact of nodal micrometastasis in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolated tumor', 'cancer of the esophagus', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: High insulin requirement is considered as indicative of insulin resistance in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique (HECS) is the gold standard to assess insulin sensitivity in vivo. Hence we carried out HECS in a group of @entity6 and compared it to subjects with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) to assess whether @entity1 with @entity6 have lower insulin mediated @entity413 disposal than @entity1723 . METHODS: In a case control design insulin mediated @entity413 disposal assessed by HECS at insulin infusion rate of 40 mU/m2 during steady state of 60-120 minutes. Mean coefficient of variation of plasma @entity413 during 60-120 minute steady state was 3.58 +/- 0.33 mg%. Whole body @entity413 disposal rate ("M" value) was expressed in mg/kg/min, which was equal to the @entity413 infused under steady state plasma @entity413 concentration during last one hour of HECS. RESULTS: Insulin mediated @entity413 disposal was measured in @entity6 and compared with @entity1270 prone @entity6 of young ( @entity1723 ) by HECS. Both groups were matched for age (23.4 +/- 1.8 vs. 19.8 +/- 2.5 years) and BMI (16.7 +/- 0.6 vs. 18.5 +/- 0.6 kg/m2). They were also comparable in duration of illness (4.4 +/- 1.0 vs. 4.5 +/- 1.0 years) and WHR (0.87 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.83 +/- 0.02). @entity1 in both groups had comparable glycemic control (HbAl 12.1 +/- 0.54 vs. 10.5 +/- 1.2), serum @entity165 (145 +/- 11 vs. 167 +/- 21 mg/dl) and serum @entity412 levels (147 +/- 13 vs. 110 +/- 9 mg/dl). @entity413 disposal rate (M-value, mg/kg/min) during 60-120 minutes (7.06 +/- 0.80 vs. 7.50 +/- 0.87) and during 100-120 minutes (7.76 +/- 0.96 vs. 7.75 +/- 1.25) was not different in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: High insulin requirement considered as indicative of insulin resistance in @entity1270 resistant young @entity6 is not due to insulin resistance.

title: @entity1 with @entity6 are as insulin sensitive as insulin dependent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['MRDM', 'diabetics', 'diabetes', 'malnutrition related diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['atypical ketosis', 'ketosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: In 29 @entity1 with typical exertional @entity951 , @entity551 ( @entity551 ), heart rate (HR), and the rate-pressure product (RPP = HR X @entity551 X 10(-2) were continuously recorded during repeated bouts of leg or arm exercise. Development of @entity662 was independent of the workload and occurred at a fairly constant value of RPP, of HR, and of @entity551 in each @entity1 for a given type of exercise, but the @entity158 threshold values for all three variables were consistently higher during arm exercise than during leg exercise. The reproducibility of the @entity158 threshold values was assessed for leg exercise. The variation, based on individual coefficients of variation, ranged from 1.3% to 13% (group mean, about 6%). There was no significant difference between the @entity551 values obtained by the traditional, noninvasive cuff technique and the values during intra-arterial monitoring. In 25 @entity1 a physical training program of an average of three months increased the maximal amount of work (watt X sec) performed before onset of @entity158 by 100%. The most conspicuous effect of training on cardiac function was a 10% reduction of HR at a given workload, @entity551 being unchanged. Over-all, the data suggest that the increased exercise capacity caused by training could be accounted for by the reduction in the relation between RPP and external workload. The improvement in exercise capacity resulting from training was on the same level of magnitude as the 90% increase obtained in 11 untrained @entity1 after administration of 0.25 to 0.50 mg of @entity12118 sublingually prior to exercise. In contrast to the finding after training, @entity1242 administered to subjects increased HR by 10%, but reduced @entity551 by 13%, RPP remaining unchanged. Therefore to explain the effect of @entity1242 on exercise capacity additional economizing changes in myocardial performance (e.g., reduction of heart volume) are required.

title: Heart rate and arterial blood pressure during exercise in XXXX with @entity951 . Effects of training and of @entity1242 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intra-arterial systolic blood pressure', 'SBP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with @entity5 thrombi in the inferior vena cava (IVC) or right atrium (RA) is poor, and there is no established effective treatment for this condition. Thus study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of surgical resection and prognosis after surgery for such cases. METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 2012, 891 @entity1 underwent hepatectomy for @entity157 at our institution. Of these, 13 @entity1 (1.5%) diagnosed with advanced @entity157 with @entity5 thrombi in the IVC or RA underwent hepatectomy and thrombectomy. Data detailing the surgical outcome were evaluated and recurrence-free and overall survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 had an IVC @entity715 and six had an RA @entity715 . Extra-hepatic @entity3 was diagnosed in 8 of 13 @entity1 . Surgical procedures included three extended right lobectomies, three extended left lobectomies, five right lobectomies, and two sectionectomies. Right adrenal gland metastases were excised simultaneously in two @entity1 . All IVC thrombi were removed under hepatic vascular exclusion and all RA thrombi were removed under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Four @entity1 (30.8%) experienced controllable @entity260 , and there was no surgical mortality. The mean postoperative hospital stay for @entity1 with IVC and RA thrombi was 23.6    12.5 days and 21.2    4.6 days, respectively. Curative resection was performed in 5 of 13 cases. The 1- and 3-year overall survival rates were 50.4%, and 21.0%, respectively, and the median survival duration was 15.3 months. The 1- and 3-year overall survival rates for @entity1 who underwent curative surgical resection were 80.0% and 30.0%, respectively, with a median survival duration of 30.8 months. All @entity1 who underwent curative resection developed postoperative recurrences, with a median recurrence-free survival duration of 3.8 months. The 1-year survival rate for @entity1 who underwent noncurative surgery and had @entity41 was 29.2%, with a median survival duration of 10.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive surgical resection for @entity157 with @entity5 thrombi in the IVC or RA can be performed safely and may improve the prognoses of these @entity1 . However, early recurrence and treatment for recurrent or @entity3 remain unresolved issues.

title: Surgical management of @entity157 with XXXX thrombi in the inferior vena cava or right atrium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the features and identify the predictors of ascending @entity384 in @entity1 with congenital @entity4503 ( @entity4503 ). METHODS: In 280 adult @entity1 with isolated @entity4503 undergoing echocardiography, multivariate logistic regression models, including clinical and echocardiographic variables, were developed to predict @entity384 (aortic ratio exceeding 1.1) at both ascending and root level. Factors predicting @entity439 with surgical indication were also investigated. Classification tree models were used to identify factors influencing the probability of having a small aorta, normal aortic dimensions, a dilated ascending aorta or a dilated root (aortic phenotypes). RESULTS: @entity384 was present in 83.2% @entity1 , prevailing at the mid-ascending tract in 83.7% of them. Surgical indication criteria were reached in 43.2% @entity1 . A small aortic root was found in 16 @entity1 (5.7%), thereafter excluded from multivariate models predicting @entity384 . Age (maximal risk at 50-60 years: OR=13.7; reference category: <30 years) and severe @entity472 (OR=23.8) independently predicted mid-ascending @entity384 (p<0.001). Male gender (OR=4.1, p=0.001), age >60 (OR=2.6, p=0.022) and severe regurgitation ( @entity16224 , p=0.011) were determinants of root involvement, while @entity850 (> or =moderate; OR=0.3, p<0.001) was a protective factor. @entity472 (any degree, @entity16545 ) and @entity101 (OR=4.3) were the most significant predictors of mid-ascending @entity439 reaching surgical indication. Classification analysis showed that increasing age significantly increased the prevalence of ascending dilation phenotype, @entity850 increased the prevalence of small aorta phenotype, and male gender of root dilation phenotype. Once excluding @entity1 with small aortas from the analysis, a positive correlation was observed between degree of @entity850 and mid-ascending size (p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4503 @entity1 constitute an importantly heterogeneous population in terms of risk and features of @entity2333 . The most common condition is an @entity4122 of the mid-ascending tract, with unaffected or mildly involved root. If further confirmed, this could suggest that surgical approach may spare the root in most @entity4503 @entity1 . Mid-ascending @entity384 is proportional to @entity850 severity, suggesting a post-stenotic causative mechanism. Root @entity384 is rarer, mostly observed in younger @entity1 , and unrelated to the presence and severity of @entity850 . The two different @entity384 phenotypes (mid-ascending and root) may be subtended by different pathogeneses.

title: Predictors of ascending @entity384 with XXXX : a wide spectrum of disease expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve', 'BAV']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aorta dilatation', 'Aortic dilatation', 'dilatation', 'aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity4503 :: (MESH:C562388,Disease) :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']


abstract: @entity308 and @entity148 are thought to be common in @entity5 care, but there is inconsistent evidence regarding their relevance for other aspects of quality of life. In the Canadian National Palliative Care Survey, semi-structured interviews assessing @entity308 and @entity148 were administered to 381 @entity1 who were receiving palliative care for @entity5 . There were 212 @entity1 and 169 @entity1 , with a median survival of 63 days. We found that 93 @entity1 (24.4%, 95% confidence interval=20.2-29.0) fulfilled Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition diagnostic criteria for at least one @entity148 or @entity308 (20.7% prevalence of @entity308 , 13.9% prevalence of @entity148 ). The most frequent individual diagnosis was @entity308 (13.1%, 95% confidence interval=9.9-16.9). Comorbidity was common, with 10.2% of @entity1 meeting criteria for more than one disorder. Those diagnosed with a disorder were significantly younger than other @entity1 (P=0.002). They also had lower performance status (P=0.017), smaller social networks (P=0.008), and less participation in organized religious services (P=0.007). In addition, they reported more severe distress on 14 of 18 physical symptoms, social concerns, and existential issues. Of those with a disorder, 39.8% were being treated with antidepressant medication, and 66.7% had been prescribed a @entity1245 . In conclusion, it appears that @entity308 and @entity148 are indeed common among @entity1 receiving palliative care. These disorders contribute to a greatly diminished quality of life among @entity1 who are dying of @entity5 .

title: XXXX and @entity148 in @entity5 care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorders', 'depressive disorder', 'depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'palliative cancer']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 disproportionately affects African Americans compared to whites, and it is the single most common explanation for the disparity in mortality between African Americans and whites. Adherence with antihypertensive medications can help reduce risk of negative @entity101 -related outcomes. Motivational interviewing is a promising @entity1 -centered approach for improving adherence in @entity1 with @entity102 . In this paper we describe the rationale and design of an ongoing randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of motivational interviewing versus usual care in improving medication adherence among 190 African American uncontrolled @entity101 @entity1 , who receive care in a primary care setting. METHODS: The usual care group receives standard medical care, while those in the intervention group receive standard care plus four sessions of motivational interviewing at 3-month intervals for a period of 1 year. This technique consists of brief, @entity1 -driven counseling sessions to facilitate initiation and maintenance of behavior change. The primary outcome is adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medication, assessed with the electronic medication events monitoring system (MEMS) and the Morisky self-report adherence questionnaire. Secondary outcomes are within- @entity1 changes in blood pressure, self-efficacy, and intrinsic motivation between baseline and 12 months. We report the baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite the potential utility of motivational interviewing, little is known about its effectiveness in improving medication adherence among @entity101 @entity1 , especially African Americans. In addition to the baseline data this study has generated, this trial should provide data with which we can assess the effectiveness of this approach as a behavioral intervention.

title: An RCT of the effect of motivational interviewing on medication adherence in XXXX African Americans: rationale and design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: AIM: To assess the effectiveness of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT), @entity737 ( @entity737 ) therapy, and the combination of these devices (CRT+ @entity737 ) in adult @entity1 with @entity1002 and symptomatic @entity712 . METHODS: A comprehensive systematic review of randomised clinical trials was conducted. Several electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov) were reviewed. The mortality rates between treatments were compared. A network was established comparing the various options, and direct, indirect and mixed comparisons were made using multivariate meta-regression. The degree of clinical and statistical homogeneity was assessed. RESULTS: 43 trials involving 13   017 @entity1 were reviewed. Resynchronisation therapy, defibrillators, and combined devices (CRT+ @entity737 ) are clearly beneficial compared to optimal medical treatment, showing clear benefit in all of these cases. In a theoretical order of efficiency, the first option is combined therapy (CRT+ @entity737 ), the second is CRT, and the third is defibrillator implantation ( @entity737 ). Given the observational nature of these comparisons, and the importance of the overlapping CIs, we cannot state that the combined option (CRT+ @entity737 ) offers superior survival benefit compared to the other two options. CONCLUSIONS: The combined option of CRT+ @entity737 seems to be better than the option of CRT alone, although no clear improvement in survival was found for the combined option. It would be advisable to perform a direct comparative study of these two options.

title: Usefulness of cardiac resynchronisation therapy devices and implantable cardioverter defibrillators in the treatment of XXXX due to severe systolic dysfunction: systematic review of clinical trials and network meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity258 ( @entity258 ) on the expression of @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) and the activity of @entity1991 ( @entity1991 ) and @entity9829 ( @entity9829 ) in the @entity19 macula densa derived (MMDD1) cell line. METHODS: MMDD1 cells were transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid containing @entity9829 or @entity1991 . Luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the effect of normal salt (NS) and @entity258 ( @entity258 ) on the activities of @entity1991 and @entity9829 . The changes of @entity1996 expression were examined by RT-PCR. The expression of p- @entity1995 MAPK, p- @entity13437 /42, @entity9829 , @entity9830 , and @entity1996 in MMDD1 cells were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: The expressions of @entity1996 mRNA and protein in MMDD1 cells were significantly increased by @entity258 (P < 0.01). Phosphorylated @entity1995 and @entity13437 /42 MAP kinase were significantly increased by treatment at 180 min (P < 0.01). The up-regulated @entity1996 protein expression with @entity258 were significantly reduced with @entity1441 ( @entity1995 inhibitors) and @entity4286 ( @entity13437 /42 inhibitors) (P < 0.01). The expressions of @entity9829 and @entity9830 were increased by @entity258 . The luciferase activities of @entity9829 and @entity1991 were stimulated in @entity258 (P < 0.01), the up-regulated luciferase activities were attenuated by PDTC at 25 micromol/L ( @entity1991 inhibitor) and @entity6108 at 20 micromol/L ( @entity9829 inhibitor) (P < 0.01). @entity258 altered @entity1996 mRNA abundance and protein expression were decreased in treatment with PDTC at 25 micromol/L, @entity6108 at 20 micromol/L (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity258 can induce the expression of @entity1996 in MMDD1 cells, which may be involved in the activation of @entity1995 MAP kinase, @entity13437 /42 kinase, @entity9829 , and @entity1991 pathways.

title: [Expression of @entity1996 in a @entity19 macula densa cell lines and signal transduction of @entity1991 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1991 :: ('18033(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor kappa B', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

answer: @entity9829 :: (16476(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['AP-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore the effectiveness of acupressure and Montessori-based activities in decreasing the @entity146 of residents with @entity303 . DESIGN: A double-blinded, randomized (two treatments and one control; three time periods) cross-over design was used. SETTING: Six special care units for residents with @entity303 in long-term care facilities in Taiwan were the sites for the study. @entity1 : One hundred thirty-three institutionalized residents with @entity303 . INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomized into three treatment sequences: acupressure-presence-Montessori methods, Montessori methods-acupressure-presence and presence-Montessori methods-acupressure. All treatments were done once a day, 6 days per week, for a 4-week period. MEASUREMENT: The Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Ease-of-Care, and the Apparent Affect Rating Scale. RESULTS: After receiving the intervention, the acupressure and Montessori-based-activities groups saw a significant decrease in @entity146 , @entity146 , and physically nonaggressive behaviors than the presence group. Additionally, the ease-of-care ratings for the acupressure and Montessori-based-activities groups were significantly better than for the presence group. In terms of apparent affect, positive affect in the Montessori-based-activities group was significantly better than in the presence group. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that a blending of traditional Chinese medicine and a Western activities program would be useful in elderly care and that in-service training for formal caregivers in the use of these interventions would be beneficial for @entity1

title: Using acupressure and Montessori-based activities to decrease agitation for residents with XXXX : a cross-over trial.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviors', 'agitated behaviors']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Endothelial damage is an early step in the pathogenesis of @entity731 which begins in early childhood after exposure to atherogenic risk factors such as @entity101 . @entity731 is becoming a common disease even in @entity1 and adolescents. Its progression may lead to very severe @entity65 . @entity9820 (TM), a specific marker of endothelial cell damage, is a transmembranous glycoprotein with vasoprotective and anti-coagulant properties. TM-thrombin complex becomes an activator of protein C which inactivates factor Va and VIIIa and thereby inhibits the @entity1003 cascade. TM may be cleaved to its soluble ( @entity4915 ) form by proinflammatory mediators and then detected in the circulation. AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate if @entity4915 plasma concentration--one of biochemical markers of endothelium injury--is higher in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity101 ( @entity101 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 32 @entity1 with @entity101 (9 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 , age range 10.5-17.2 years), and 17 healthy controls, without family history of @entity65 . @entity101 was detected after 24 hrs ABPM (Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring). We measured plasma concentration of @entity4915 , blood lipids profile, body mass index (BMI) and, as @entity4915 is excreted by the kidney, we also measured plasma level of @entity1011 and its clearance. RESULTS: Plasma concentration of @entity4915 in the group with essential @entity101 was significantly higher than that in the control group (4.01 +/-1.05 vs 3.42+/-0.4; p<0. 05). There were no significant associations between @entity4915 and age or sex. Analyzing lipids profile ( @entity165 , @entity11429 , HDL-c, @entity1674 ) we did not find any differences in their levels between groups. We observed statistically significant correlation between @entity4915 and systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the day and night. In addition BMI ratio was higher in @entity101 group but there was no significant correlation between @entity4915 and BMI. CONCLUSION: Statistically higher level of @entity4915 in @entity1 with @entity101 compared with healthy individuals makes us sure that endothelium cells, even in @entity1 who were shortly exposed to atherogenic risk factors such as essential @entity101 , are noticeably damaged. These results constitute an additional signal that a lot of effort should be put into the endeavors to eliminate atherogenic risk factors in @entity1 in order to prevent @entity65 .

title: [Is soluble XXXX a molecular marker of endothelial cell injury in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity101 ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'arterial hypertension', 'AH', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombomodulin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity9820 :: (7056,Gene) :: ['thrombomodulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) is a distressing condition, but can be surgically managed by gap or interpositional arthroplasty, with an aim to restore joint function and prevent re- @entity3947 . The aim of this paper is to compare two interposition materials used in management of @entity21383 . METHODS: 15 @entity1 with @entity1348 were randomly allocated to two groups: group A (n  =  6), interposition material used was medical-grade @entity6619 elastomer, and group B (n  =  9) where the interposition material used was temporalis fascia. @entity1 were followed up at regular intervals of 1 and 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months and were assessed on following parameters: @entity158 by VAS Scale, @entity2133 ( @entity2133 ), implant rejection, and recurrence. RESULTS: The results showed a loss of 4.6% and 7.9% in maximal interincisal mouth opening at 3rd and 6th months in Group A while Group B had a mean loss of 9% and 10% at 3rd and 6th months respectively without any significant difference. None of our cases showed recurrence or implant rejection. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity1346 is comparable to temporalis fascia in terms of stability, surgical ease, and adaptability. It not only restores the function of mandible and ensures good maximum interincisal opening but also maintains the vertical ramal height. Also, it requires less operating time and is easy to handle but is not economical. It might be an effective way to restore function and prevent re- @entity3947 .

title: @entity1346 vs temporalis fascia interposition in XXXX : A comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity21383 :: ('MESH:C536957', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['maximal mouth opening', 'MMO']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJa', 'Temporomandibular joint ankylosis']

answer: @entity21383 :: (MESH:C536957,Disease) :: ['TMJ ankylosis']