abstract: Purpose To describe 11 clinical cases of @entity3283 in @entity1641 associated with beta-hemolytic @entity29599 in Florida, USA. METHODS: Retrospective clinical study (1996-99). RESULTS: Beta-hemolytic @entity29599 was cultured from 11 @entity1641 with deep @entity1066 , descemetoceles or iris prolapse (n = 8), a suture abscess found with a penetrating keratoplasty for a stromal abscess (n = 1), and @entity1066 that developed following keratectomy/irradiation for @entity957 (n = 2). Beta-hemolytic @entity11674 was found in 10 eyes and subspecies equi in one. Marked signs of @entity1596 including miosis and hypopyon were present in 8/11 (72.7%) eyes. @entity15381 was severe in all eyes. The mean diameter of the @entity1066 associated with beta-hemolytic @entity11674 was 10.2 +/- 6.1 mm. Eight of the eyes required conjunctival flap surgery (four grafts dehisced) and one eye corneal transplantation. Two eyes were treated with medication only. Isolate sensitivity to antibiotics included @entity869 (6/11), @entity3637 (11/11), @entity5821 (11/11), @entity2755 (11/11), @entity801 (5/11), @entity6414 (2/11), and @entity2890 (1/11). All isolates were resistant to @entity5154 . The average healing time was 44.7 +/- 26.7 days. The visual outcome was positive in 8/11 eyes, and the globe retained in 9/11 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Although Gram-positive bacteria predominate in the normal conjunctival microflora of @entity1641 throughout the world, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi are more often isolated from @entity1641 @entity1066 . Beta-hemolytic @entity11674 spp. are associated with a @entity146 with the capability to digest conjunctival graft tissue. Clinical signs are pronounced. Aggressive surgical and intensive medical therapy with topical antibiotics and protease inhibitors is indicated.

title: @entity3283 caused by beta-hemolytic @entity29599 in 11 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['very aggressive ulcerative keratitis']

entities_list: @entity3637 :: ('MESH:D001414', 'Chemical') :: ['bacitracin']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity29599 :: ('1336', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus equi']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['corneal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['polymyxin B']

entities_list: @entity15381 :: ('MESH:C536156', 'Disease') :: ['Keratomalacia']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative keratitis']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity11674 :: ('40041', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus', 'Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: Controversy remains about the role of protocol liver biopsy for symptom-free recipients and about the long-term use of low-dose @entity230 after pediatric liver transplantation (LT). We conducted a national cross-sectional study of pediatric recipients who underwent LT between 1987 and 2007. Liver biopsy samples were taken from 54 @entity1 (82% of survivors) after a median posttransplant follow-up of 11 years, and they were reviewed by 2 pathologists blinded to the clinical data. Biopsy samples from 18 @entity1 (33%) showed nearly normal histology with no @entity32 , @entity82 , or @entity1560 . Portal @entity32 was detected in 14 samples (26%), showed no correlation with anti-nuclear antibodies, and was less frequent in the 35 @entity1 whose immunosuppression included @entity230 (14% versus 47% of @entity1 not using @entity230 , P = 0.008). @entity82 was present in 21 biopsy samples (39%). According to the Metavir classification, 16 were stage 1, 3 were stage 2, and 2 were stage 3. The @entity82 stage correlated negatively with serum prealbumin levels (r = -0.364, P = 0.007) and positively with chronic @entity1448 ( @entity5822 staining; r = 0.529, P < 0.001) and portal @entity32 (r = 0.350, P = 0.01). @entity1560 was found in 23 biopsy samples (43% of @entity1 in 5%-80% of hepatocytes), and it correlated with the body mass index (r = 0.458, P < 0.001) but not with @entity134 use. The age of the allograft (donor age plus follow-up time) correlated with higher serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (r = 0.472, P < 0.001) and conjugated @entity648 levels (r = 0.420, P = 0.002) as well as chronic @entity1448 (r = 0.299, P = 0.03). The biopsy findings led to treatment changes in 10 @entity1 (19%), whereas only 1 complication (subcapsular @entity1410 ) was encountered. In conclusion, continuing low-dose @entity230 indefinitely after pediatric LT may have a positive effect on the long-term histological state of the liver graft. Allograft aging may lead to chronic @entity1448 and thus contribute to the development of @entity1575 .

title: Low-dose XXXX associated with milder histological changes after pediatric liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Microvesicular steatosis', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Low-grade @entity1492 and @entity765 present a surgical challenge in that they have a strong tendency for local invasion, surgical margins are poorly delineated, and complete resections are difficult. Nowhere is this more evident than in those lesions involving the brachial plexus. We review our experience with these difficult lesions. METHODS: From a prospective database of 2900 @entity1 admitted for treatment of sarcoma between 1982 and 1996, we identified 15 @entity1 with involvement of the brachial plexus by a low-grade @entity1492 or @entity765 . All @entity1 underwent resection, with 13 of 15 receiving adjuvant radiotherapy. The 15 @entity1 had a mean age at initial operation of 47 years. The male-to-female ratio was 8:7. The mean follow-up period was 65 months (median, 53 mo). RESULTS: Gross total resection was achieved in 12 @entity1 (80%), although 11 of these @entity1 had positive surgical margins. Overall, 64% of the @entity5 have recurred locally. There were no distant metastases, and no @entity1 died as a result of their disease. One @entity1 died as a result of unrelated @entity5 . An assessment of the functional outcomes revealed seven @entity1 with normal function or mild @entity51 and eight who were suffering from significant @entity425 , debilitation, or @entity1118 . One @entity1 required forequarter amputation. CONCLUSION: Surgical resection plus postoperative radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for low-grade @entity1492 and @entity765 involving the brachial plexus. However, aggressive surgical management with the goal of achieving a gross total resection with negative histological margins can produce unnecessary morbidity. Preserving function should be a primary goal of the operations, although this will be associated with @entity66 and will risk local recurrence but rarely death resulting from the disease.

title: Function-sparing surgery for @entity765 and other low-grade XXXX involving the brachial plexus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumor', 'desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas', 'fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1492 :: (MESH:D005354,Disease) :: ['fibrosarcomas']


abstract: Few studies using systemic opioids have been adequately designed to demonstrate a preemptive effect. We investigated the preemptive effect of intraoperative large-dose intravenous (I.V.) opioids over a 72-h period after lower abdominal surgery. Thirty-eight ASA physical status I or II @entity1 undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were studied in a prospective, randomized, double-blind design. Group PRE received @entity680 70 microg/kg over 10 min before surgical incision; Group POST received @entity680 70 microg/kg over 10 min after incision. @entity1 received no other intraoperative opioid. @entity158 was treated in the recovery room with 2-mg I.V. boluses of @entity1286 and was subsequently managed via @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) using @entity1286 . Visual analog scale @entity158 scores at rest (VAS-R) and on movement (VAS-M) and PCA @entity1286 consumption were recorded for 72 hours. VAS-M and VAS-R scores did not differ at any point, and @entity1286 consumption was similar in both groups over the initial 48 h. Group PRE used significantly less @entity1286 from 48 to 72 h postoperatively (P < 0.02). We conclude that presurgical incisional (i.e., compared with postincisional) large-dose opioid exposure results in a modest, late decrease in postoperative @entity1286 consumption, with no clinical impact on early @entity282 . Timing of the observed reduction coincides with maximal output of substances implicated in experimental @entity1931 . IMPLICATIONS: When given before surgical incision, @entity680 , a short-acting @entity4784 , was associated with a reduction in @entity1286 requirements 48-72 h after surgery. Brief interventions may have a delayed and sustained impact on @entity158 perception, possibly by reducing mechanisms of sensitization.

title: Late-onset preemptive analgesia associated with preincisional large-dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate', 'morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity680 :: (MESH:D015760,Chemical) :: ['alfentanil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ankle arthrodesis in a plantigrade position. In high-energy open injuries with segmental @entity604 : proximal tibial metaphyseal corticotomy with distal Ilizarov bone transport for compensation of @entity3656 . INDICATIONS: Posttraumatic loss of the tibial plafond, usually resulting from open fracture type IIIC. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Ipsilateral @entity13256 impairing ambulation after fusion. Severe @entity4957 with @entity1109 . Soft-tissue injury not manageable surgically. Inadequate @entity1 compliance. Advanced age. Severe @entity170 . @entity697 . SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Standard technique: anteromedial longitudinal incision. Removal of remaining articular cartilage. Passing of Ilizarov wires through the distal fibula, talar neck and body. Placement of 5-mm half-pins through stab incisions, perpendicular to the medial face of the tibial shaft. A lateral to medial 1.8-mm Ilizarov wire in the proximal tibial metaphysis is optional. Callus distraction/Ilizarov bone transport: exposure through an anteromedial incision or transverse traumatic wound. Removal of small residual segment of tibial plafond blocking transport. Retain small vascularized bone fragments not blocking transport. For Ilizarov external fixation, two rings in the proximal tibial region. Drill osteoclasis of the tibial metaphysis 1 cm distal to the tibial tuberosity and complete with Ilizarov osteotome. Secure the Ilizarov threaded rods or clickers. Weight bearing as tolerated. Begin distraction 14 days after corticotomy at a rate of 0.5-1 mm per day depending on @entity1 's age. After docking: Ilizarov ankle arthrodesis. RESULTS: Between January 1993 and September 1996, four @entity1 (two @entity1 , two @entity1 ) with severe, nonreconstructable @entity174 of the tibial plafond were treated. Callus distraction and Ilizarov bone transport in three @entity1 . Age range 19-68 years (average age 45.7 years). Mean follow-up 6.6 years (4 years 9 months to 7 years 4 months). Average duration of the entire treatment in external fixation 54.4 days/cm for the three bone distraction @entity1 . Mean transport 6 cm (4.5-8.5 cm). One @entity1 required repeat ankle arthrodesis.

title: [Primary Ilizarov ankle fusion for nonreconstructable XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['leg length discrepancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute infection']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['absent plantar sensation']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the posterior tibial nerve']

entities_list: @entity13256 :: ('MESH:D018409', 'Disease') :: ['foot injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['tibial plafond fractures']


abstract: Reports of all cervicocephalic arteriograms (n = 1836) performed at one institution during a 10-year period were reviewed and the @entity1 were classified into three groups according to the indication for arteriography. Group I included all @entity1 with symptoms or findings compatible with occlusive disease of the carotid or vertebral artery (n = 806). Group II included @entity1 with cerebrovascular symptoms unrelated to carotid or vertebral disease (e.g., @entity1 with @entity510 ) (n = 367). Group III consisted of @entity1 with no evidence of @entity66 (e.g., @entity1 with primary and metastatic @entity1313 ) (n = 663). One hundred ten @entity432 (ICA) were found in 106 @entity1 in group I. Fifty-one percent of these @entity1 had a history of @entity64 before arteriography, 24% had @entity63 ( @entity63 ) or @entity34951 ( @entity34951 ), and 12% had nonhemispheric symptoms. Only 13% (1.7% of group I @entity1 ) were without symptoms. Ninety-one percent of the @entity64 and 75% of the @entity63 or @entity34951 were @entity432 . Seventy-six percent of @entity1 with @entity64 and 80% with ipsilateral @entity63 or @entity34951 vs only 29% of @entity1 without symptoms had contralateral stenosis of 60% diameter reduction or greater (p less than 0.003). No occlusions of the ICA occurred in groups II or III. Three hundred forty-six @entity1 in groups II and III were more than 60 years of age. Assuming either Poisson or binomial distributions, the incidence of @entity432 in the population at large older than 60 years was estimated at less than 1% (p less than 0.03).

title: The risk of XXXX with occlusion of the internal carotid artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['TIAs', 'transient ischemic attacks']

entities_list: @entity34951 :: ('MESH:D020757', 'Disease') :: ['amaurosis fugax', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic occlusions of the internal carotid artery', 'silent ICA occlusion', 'ipsilateral to the ICA occlusion']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: Sedated @entity1 ' responses to noxious stimulation are not well characterized. A standardized measure of nociception for use in the @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) is elusive. The study aimed to describe cardiovascular and pupil reactivity and behavioral responses between noxious and nonnoxious procedures in sedated @entity1213 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, descriptive study performed repeated measures using within-subject and crossover techniques. Forty-eight sedated, ventilated cardiac surgery @entity1 from 2 institutions were included. Pupil sizes, heart rate, blood pressure, cortical arousal changes per the bispectral index, and behaviors were recorded at baseline, during, and after a noxious procedure (endotracheal suctioning or turning), and gentle touch. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 was deeply sedated with @entity1875 infusion and were unresponsive or responsive only to physical stimulation. Significant changes in heart rate, pupil size, and bispectral index occurred with the noxious procedure but not with the nonnoxious procedure (P < .01). Reflexive behaviors were not evident during both procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Certain physiologic reactions and pupil size changes may be potentially useful nociceptive indicators in @entity1213 settings. Further research is needed to determine the clinical parameters of physiologic response change and to evaluate the effects of opioids and sedatives on these physiologic responses.

title: Evaluations of physiologic reactivity and reflexive behaviors during noxious procedures in sedated critically ill XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Source monitoring is the process of making judgments about the origin of memories. There are three categories of source monitoring: reality monitoring (discrimination between self- versus other-generated sources), external monitoring (discrimination between several external sources), and internal monitoring (discrimination between two types of self-generated sources). We investigated whether @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity1 , when compared with young and older adults, are impaired at the same level on the three source monitoring categories. We designed three tasks, one for each source monitoring category. In the first task, aimed at reality monitoring, @entity1 had to remember whether objects were previously placed in a bag by themselves or by the experimenter. In the second task, assessing external monitoring, @entity1 had to remember whether the experimenter had previously placed objects in the bag with a black or white gloved hand. In the third task, measuring internal monitoring, @entity1 had to remember whether they had previously placed or imagined themselves placing objects in the bag. @entity1 showed worse performances in the external and internal monitoring tasks, when compared with reality monitoring. The external monitoring deficit was even more pronounced in @entity195 @entity1 . Regression analyses showed that variation in the external monitoring performances was reliably predicted by inhibition. Our results emphasize the role of inhibitory processes in @entity195 @entity1 ' source monitoring decline. The close relation between source and inhibitory decline in @entity195 is interpreted in terms of a common neural base for both concepts.

title: Source monitoring in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine what threshold for @entity644 could best predict clinical outcome and whether this threshold could be applied universally to any biochemical assay. DESIGN: A prospective observational study of @entity101 pregnancies referred for further assessment after in a UK University hospital (n=197). Twenty-four hour urine protein was measured by two different assays [ @entity21711 assay (BCA) and Bradford assay]. The differences between the two assays were calculated from Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Commonly used thresholds for defining @entity1468 (0.3 and 0.5 g/24 hours) were explored for both assays for the prediction of adverse clinical outcomes (severe @entity101 , Birthweight<10th percentile, @entity3152 , and a composite biochemical/haematological derangement). RESULTS: The two assays are not equivalent. The prevalence of>300 mg/24 hour @entity644 and, hence, the prevalence of @entity1468 differed between the two assays. ROC curve analysis demonstrates that the two assays are similar in terms of overall performance as predictive tests. However the threshold of 300 mg/24 hours performs poorly as a predictor of clinical risk. Likelihood ratios (LR) for the BCA at the 300 mg/L threshold for each clinical outcome do not achieve statistical significance. At the 500 mg/L threshold, the LR+for the BCA assay does achieve statistical significance for severe @entity101 (LR+:1.51 95% CI 0.99-2.28) and for birthweight<10th percentile (LR+:1.72 95% CI 1.11-2.66). For the Bradford assay at the 300 mg/24 hour threshold, the LR+does achieve statistical significance for birthweight<10th percentile (LR+:1.71 95% CI 1.41-4.31). However, at the 500 mg/24 hour threshold, the LR+is significant for severe @entity101 (LR+:2.15 95% CI 1.07-4.34), birthweight<10th percentile (LR+:2.79 95% CI 1.4-5.54) and biochemical disease (LR+:2.47 95% CI 1.22-5.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that thresholds for @entity644 need to be higher (possibly>or=0.5 g/24 hours) and there is the need for a "gold standard" @entity644 assay against which all other measures of quantification can be assessed.

title: Urine protein estimation in XXXX pregnancy: which thresholds and laboratory assay best predict clinical outcome?

entities_list: @entity21711 :: ('MESH:D001558', 'Chemical') :: ['benzethonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Numerous reports describe @entity2530 after oral @entity228 therapy. It is still uncertain if @entity228 treatment alone or in combination with other factors leads to the development of this condition. The literature presents controversial clinical and experimental data. The most affected site for @entity2530 is the femoral head and therefore our considerations are concentrated at this site. Oral @entity288 are commonly used in dermatology, especially in the treatment of connective tissue diseases and @entity66 . This clinical review evaluates the relationship between and the onset of femoral @entity39 . Although @entity2530 of the femoral head can be caused by various conditions such as @entity130 , excess @entity167 and @entity8453 , studies indicate that treatment with @entity288 is the most common cause of the condition. There is some controversy on the role of underlying disease and total @entity228 dose administered, in the development of @entity2530 of the femoral head. MRI scans are used to establish an early diagnosis. There are several surgical and nonsurgical options for disease management, dependent on the stage of disease, the age of the @entity1 and other risk factors. In general, the risk for @entity2530 is considered to be low under oral @entity228 therapy. So far, no data can establish a direct relationship, but data still strongly suggest an existing cause and effect relationship. Further investigations are necessary for example, a large controlled prospective long-term study, to further refine an association between the @entity228 dose, the duration of treatment and other risk factors. Dermatologists who prescribe oral @entity288 , should always be aware of the potential risk of avascular femoral @entity39 and the @entity1 should be informed about this severe complication of oral coricosteroid therapy.

title: Relationship between systemic XXXX and @entity2530 .

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitive diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['head necrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathies']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the rational application of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy to @entity43 . METHODS: 42 @entity1 of @entity43 were treated by retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Two groups were divided according to the @entity66 post-operation. A: 26 @entity1 with the @entity66 < 2 cm; B: 16 @entity1 > or = 2 cm. The regime of combined chemotherapy was the same in the two groups after operation. Clinical stage and pathologic grade showed no difference. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate was 53.8% (14/26) in A and 12.5% (2/16) in B. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The survival rate could be greatly improved for @entity43 through retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy when the @entity66 was smaller than 2 cm. This procedure would not be performed if the @entity66 was larger than or equal to 2 cm.

title: [A rational selection of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['advanced epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['advanced epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: In pregnant @entity1 , the @entity6 results in a three- to fivefold increased risk for @entity299 as a result of elevated @entity413 concentrations and the resultant osmotic stress in the developing embryo and fetus. Heart development before septation in the @entity1573 embryo was studied under two @entity1602 conditions. Pulsed @entity4854 induced by daily administration of @entity413 during 3 days of development caused daily spikes in plasma @entity413 concentration. In a second model, sustained @entity4854 was induced with a single injection of @entity413 into the yolk on day 0. The sustained model raised the average plasma @entity413 concentration from 70 mg/dL to 180 mg/dL and led to decreased gene expression of @entity413 transporter @entity1365 . Both models of @entity4854 reduced embryo size, increased mortality, and delayed development. Within the heart outflow tract, reduced proliferation of myocardial and endocardial cells resulted from the sustained @entity4854 and @entity1602 . The cell cycle inhibitor @entity3544 was significantly increased, whereas @entity4910 , a cell cycle promoter, decreased in sustained @entity4854 compared with controls. The evidence suggests that @entity4854 -induced @entity245 are associated with slowed cell cycle progression, leading to reduced cellular proliferation. The suppression of critical developmental steps may underlie the @entity299 observed during late gestation under @entity1602 conditions.

title: XXXX slows embryonic growth and suppresses cell cycle via @entity4910 and @entity3544 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic condition']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delays']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects', 'fetal cardiac malformations']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic', 'hyperosmolarity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We analyzed the variability and accuracy of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) identification by lymphoscintigraphy performed preoperatively and repeated on the day of operation in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: Twenty-five prospectively studied @entity1 had lymphoscintigraphy prior to and on the day of operation. Discordance between lymphoscintograms was defined as change in location of @entity1600 or failure to identify a @entity1600 by one of the studies. RESULTS: In 22 of 24 assessable cases (92%), SLNs were excised. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was correct in 19 of 22 (86%) cases. Day of operation lymphoscintigraphy was correct in 20 of 22 (91%) cases. @entity1600 location was as classically described in 24 of 25 (96%) cases. Discordance between lymphoscintigraphy studies was 32% (8/25 @entity1 ). Half with discordant migration (8%) yielded metastases in basins not identified by day of operation lymphoscintigraphy but demonstrated by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS: Head and neck lymphatic drainage patterns not only vary between @entity1 but also can vary with time for a single @entity1 .

title: Discordant lymphatic drainage patterns revealed by serial lymphoscintigraphy in cutaneous head and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma or Merkel cell cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neck malignancies']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the prevalence of @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ) in Otago, the ethnic distribution of the disease, any founder effect, the complications and adequacy of health care, and the quality of life of sufferers in this region. METHODS: @entity3918 @entity1 were identified through hospital records and assessed using a structured questionnaire, neurological examination, and review of hospital records. Quality of life was evaluated using the SF-36 Health Survey, and compared to @entity1 with other neuromuscular conditions and New Zealand norms. RESULTS: 21 @entity1 were identified, giving a prevalence of 11.6 per 100,000. All were of European descent. There was no evidence of a common ancestor. Not all @entity1 had had essential investigations such as electrocardiogram and many had not been seen by the genetic service. @entity3918 @entity1 had higher scores on the bodily @entity158 subscale of the SF-36 Health Survey, compared to neuromuscular controls and the general population. Subjects differed significantly from New Zealand norms on four of the eight subscales. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3918 is relatively common in Europeans in Otago, but we found no cases in other ethnic groups. The disease affects aspects of quality of life, and management could be improved by use of a clinical care pathway.

title: XXXX in Otago, New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'myotonic dystrophy']

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['Myotonic dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the intermediate-term results of the multi-institutional U.S. trial of the buttoned device for transcatheter closure of @entity118 ( @entity118 ). BACKGROUND: The trial was conducted in three centers (University of Arizona, University of Michigan and University of Wisconsin) under a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved clinical trial with investigational device exemption. Only short-term follow-up is known. METHODS: All 46 @entity1 who had successful implantation of the device were prospectively followed up. @entity1 were evaluated at 1, 6 and 12 months after device occlusion and yearly thereafter. RESULTS: This cohort was followed up from 51 to 68 months (mean 60.8, median 62). @entity1 ages ranged from 1 to 62 years (median 4); weights ranged from 10 to 105 kg (median 18); and stretched ASD sizes were 14 +/- 4 mm (left to right shunts) and 10 +/- 3 mm (right to left shunts). Of the 46 @entity1 , 45 (98%) had effective occlusion of their ASD, and 34 (74%) had complete ASD closure. The incidence of residual shunts decreased from 65% (30 of 46 @entity1 ) at 1 month after device placement to 27% (12 of 45 @entity1 ) at last follow-up. All residual shunts were quantitated as trivial. Only two @entity1 (4%) required reintervention for significant residual defects. There were no cases of @entity884 or @entity1031 in 224 @entity1 -years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In up to 5.5 years of follow-up, the buttoned device provided effective closure in 98% of @entity1 in whom the device was successfully implanted. The incidence of residual shunts decreased during follow-up, and no instances of @entity884 or @entity1031 were observed.

title: Intermediate-term results of Phase I Food and Drug Administration Trials of buttoned device occlusion of secundum XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASDs']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: There is now compelling evidence to show that @entity5 , once believed to be a homogeneous mass of abnormally proliferative cells, comprise a heterogeneous population of transformed cells resembling the hierarchically organized populations in the corresponding tissue. At the top of this @entity5 hierarchy are the @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) which are critical for @entity5 growth and maintenance as they constantly replenish the @entity5 bulk and are believed to be resistant to most conventional chemotherapies. The first evidence for both malignant hierarchy and CSCs came from studies on @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) followed by mounting evidence in other types of @entity5 . @entity19 models of @entity1778 have been the proving ground for the elucidation of key novel concepts in this nascent field of CSC research. A spate of recent studies highlighting the importance of CSCs in @entity5 has accentuated the need for identifying and characterizing these cells. The frequency of CSCs in the leukemic bulk (LSCs) is usually estimated by in vivo limiting-dilution transplantation assays of leukemic cells into recipient animal hosts in which identical @entity1778 can be regenerated. Each cell that is capable of propagating the @entity1778 in secondary recipients is termed a @entity1778 -propagating cell (LPC). LSC candidates have been typically identified by the systematic dissection of compartments within a heterogeneous @entity5 to determine the subpopulation which shows maximal enrichment for LPCs. This is performed by determining the frequency of LPCs in each of those purified subpopulations, as has been described in both @entity1 and @entity19 models of @entity1778 . It is important to mention that even though @entity1778 repopulation is often used as a surrogate for LSC estimation, the term LPCs can be equated with LSCs only if the phenotypic heterogeneity of the original @entity5 mass is regenerated upon @entity5 propagation into secondary recipients. The first part of the chapter deals with the estimation of LPCs in syngenic or congenic @entity19 - @entity19 models. In the second part, @entity19 xenograft models for the estimation of LSCs in @entity1 @entity1778 are described.

title: Identification of XXXX and @entity1 @entity3052 stem cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias', 'leukemia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Poor inhalation technique may impact both @entity565 control and compliance in @entity1 with @entity565 . The SYSTER survey is therefore aimed at assessing the influence of starting or switching an existing therapy to a breath-actuated pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI, Autohaler) on these parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 709 French general practitioners (GP) enrolled 2588 @entity748 @entity1 in whom therapy with the breath-actuated pMDI was either initiated, or a switch from an existing inhalation device to the said inhaler was deemed necessary. Asthma control was assessed at inclusion and after 4 weeks of treatment with the Juniper Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). In addition, @entity1 adherence was estimated according to the self-reported Morisky scale. RESULTS: 1510 @entity1 (mean age 39 years, standard deviation 18 years; 53% male) completed follow-up after 4 weeks. The main reasons for inhaler change were poor @entity565 control (49%) and poor coordination (40%). After 4 weeks of therapy with the breath-actuated pMDI, @entity565 control significantly improved from 2.35 +/- 1.05 to 1.32 +/- 0.93 in the ACQ (p < 0.0001). Also, self-reported @entity1 adherence improved from 2.11 +/- 1.43 to 1.57 +/- 1.53 on the Morisky scale (p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION: These results suggest that by focusing on the inhalation devices, @entity565 control and compliance with treatment are improved.

title: Improved XXXX control with breath-actuated pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI): the SYSTER survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Clinical trials using neoadjuvant (primary, preoperative) chemotherapy demonstrate that @entity0 reduction relates to survival. To date, no pre-treatment pathologic, phenotypic, or genotypic @entity5 characteristics predict a @entity1 's likely benefit from @entity1311 . This has led to pilot clinical studies that have attempted to identify whether early cellular responses in vivo can be used to predict the effectiveness of chemotherapy. A potential benefit of such predictive studies will be the ability to tailor specific therapeutic approaches to individual @entity1 . Important issues surrounding this field include how to accurately measure and/or categorize the extent of @entity5 reduction, and how and when to assess @entity0 cellular responses in vivo. Preliminary data indicate that initial apoptotic responses are critical to @entity5 reduction, and that the timing of @entity5 samples for assessment of response is important. Although inherent complete resistance of @entity0 to @entity1311 occurs in a minority of @entity1 , mechanisms of acquired or partial resistance require further study. However, the initial apoptotic response to @entity1311 has been shown to transiently reduce both cell density and intratumoral pressure, providing a window of time when there can be improved penetration of @entity1311 into the @entity5 . Thus a strong initial apoptotic response can set up a compounding benefit from subsequent treatments. Knowledge of @entity0 response to @entity1311 in vivo could lead to therapeutic strategies that enhance the apoptotic response and optimize the dosing schedule, to improve the @entity5 reduction for most @entity1 .

title: @entity0 response to XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: Dried cashew nut testa (DCNT) was characterized with respect to proximate, mineral, and energy profile. The crude protein, crude fibre, and fat and ash contents were, in g kg(-1) @entity3918 , 190.0, 103.0, 20.1, and 20.2, respectively, with metabolizable energy of 7.12 MJ kg(-1)   @entity3918 . In a feeding trial, isoproteic diets containing DCNT (O, 50, 100, and 150 g kg(-1)) were fed ad libitum to 4 groups of Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 (110 g body weight, n = 20) for a period of 4 weeks. The @entity35 , used as model for @entity1707 , had free access to water. As the dietary DCNT content was increased from 0 to 150 g kg(-1), there was a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in feed intake (r = -0.99), water intake (r = -0.87), and a reduction in body @entity1017 (r = -0.93) and efficiency of feed utilization (r = 0.78). However, no deaths or health-related problems were recorded during the study. Dietary treatments had no impact on liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, and intestinal weights. Cost per gram feed and feed cost per gram live @entity1017 were reduced when DCNT was used. The experimental diet containing 50   g   DCNT   kg(-1) supported the best growth performance with the lowest feed cost per gram live @entity1017 of GH  0.18. Seasonal increases in the prices of conventional feedstuffs like @entity2829 and fishmeal would make the use of agroindustrial by-products such as DCNT in @entity1707 diets even more attractive.

title: Evaluation of nutritional quality of dried cashew nut testa using XXXX as a model for @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['laboratory rat']


abstract: @entity281 with @entity1082 ) has been recognized as the main etiological factor of morbimortality in cervical @entity5 . Several factors have been associated with the development of @entity3799 , but viral load has recently been proposed as an indicator of cervical @entity5 . Therefore, a single measurement of viral load could be a suitable biomarker. We examined HPV viral load as a prognostic biomarker of cervical @entity5 . We used cervical scrapes to determine the total HPV viral load of 46 Mexican @entity1 with various stages of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) using hybrid capture assay coupled with a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method for cellularity estimation. Viral load values of CIN2 and CIN3 samples were compared with samples @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ); all values of viral load were normalized by number of cells analyzed. The analysis showed significant differences in viral load between CIN2 and @entity3799 samples (P = 0.01) and between CIN3 and @entity3799 samples (P = 0.02). By contrast, no significant difference was detected between viral loads in CIN2 and CIN3 samples. The results showed significant difference between viral loads in CIN2 and CIN3 samples and that in @entity3799 samples. HPV viral load was significantly different between @entity1 with CIN2-CIN3 and those with @entity3799 and can be used as a predictor of lesions.

title: @entity1082 viral load in XXXX as a prognostic factor in a Mexican population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Persistent infection']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical disease', 'without cervical pathology', 'WP']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retrospective and anecdotal data suggest that @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) might be effective when given as rescue therapy for @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Prospective controlled data on @entity2098 and @entity617 as primary therapy are lacking. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label study was performed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity2098 and @entity617 as primary treatment in @entity8 with @entity1985 . @entity2098 and @entity617 given for 6 months was compared against a modified Ponticelli regimen in 20 @entity1 , with follow up of 15 months. RESULTS: @entity2098 with @entity617 and the comparative immunosuppressive regimen showed similar efficacy in @entity644 reduction, despite a lower cumulative @entity617 dose in the @entity2098 group (3.80 +/- 0.28 vs 9.93 +/- 0.25 g, P < 0.001). Remission (composite of 'complete' and 'partial') rates were 63.6% and 66.7% in the @entity2098 group and control group, respectively (P = 1.000). Serum @entity1011 and @entity1011 clearance remained stable during follow up. Cumulative relapse rate was 23.1% at 2 years. Chlorambucil resulted in more @entity1210 compared with @entity2098 . CONCLUSION: Data from this pilot study indicate that more than 60% of @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity1985 respond to combined @entity2098 and @entity617 treatment, and suggest potential benefits of @entity2098 as being @entity134 -sparing and having less adverse effects compared with other commonly used cytotoxic agents.

title: Prospective controlled study on XXXX and @entity617 in the treatment of @entity8 with @entity1985 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy', 'MN']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze pacing strategies employed during @entity1 's world-record performances for 800-m, 5000-m, and 10,000-m races. METHODS: In the 800-m event, @entity3813 times were analyzed for 26 world-record performances from 1912 to 1997. In the 5000-m and 10,000-m events, times for each kilometer were analyzed for 32 (1922 to 2004) and 34 (1921 to 2004) world records. RESULTS: The second @entity3813 in the 800-m event was significantly slower than the first @entity3813 (52.0 + or - 1.7 vs 54.4 + or - 4.9 seconds, P < .00005). In only 2 world records was the second @entity3813 faster than the first @entity3813 . In the 5000-m and 10,000-m events, the first and final kilometers were significantly faster than the middle kilometer intervals, resulting in an overall even pace with an end spurt at the end. CONCLUSION: The optimal pacing strategy during world-record performances differs for the 800-m event compared with the 5000-m and 10,000-m events. In the 800-m event, greater running speeds are achieved in the first @entity3813 , and the ability to increase running speed on the second @entity3813 is limited. In the 5000-m and 10,000-m events, an end spurt occurs because of the maintenance of a reserve during the middle part of the race. In all events, pacing strategy is regulated in a complex system that balances the demand for optimal performance with the requirement to defend homeostasis during exercise.

title: An analysis of pacing strategies during XXXX 's world-record performances in track athletics.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: This systematic review delineates the effect of primary @entity2332 (PTH) (initiated on presentation of the @entity1 ) on both mortality and neurological outcome in @entity1 with @entity131 . The safety profile of the therapy is also assessed. A systematic search of the following databases was performed: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Zetoc database of conference proceedings, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the clinicaltrials.gov website, up to July 28, 2011. Relevant journals were hand-searched for further articles and reference lists were checked against the retrieved results for additional resources. The retrieved results were filtered for randomized controlled trials in English where systemic @entity2332 was applied for >=  12 h in the treatment arm and outcome was assessed at a minimum of 3 months. Randomized controlled trials were assessed for quality of evidence using the GRADE system. Eighteen randomized controlled trials (1851 @entity1 ) were identified. The overall relative risk of mortality with PTH when compared with controls was 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.72-0.98] and of poor neurological outcome was 0.81 (95% CI=0.73-0.89). However, when only high-quality trials were analysed, the relative risks were 1.28 (95% CI=0.89-1.83) and 1.07 (95% CI=0.92-1.24), respectively. @entity2332 was associated with @entity132 on rewarming and possibly with @entity55 in adult @entity1 . Given the quality of the data currently available, no benefit of PTH on mortality or @entity16 could be identified. The therapy should therefore only be used within the confines of well-designed clinical trials.

title: Role of @entity2332 in improving outcome after XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disturbances']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia', 'therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: The effectiveness of @entity594 for the treatment of acute @entity101 episodes in @entity1 already taking chronic @entity460 -channel blocker therapy is unknown. We report our experience with 43 consecutive @entity1 who received @entity594 for acute @entity101 episodes in the coronary care unit. Of the 43 @entity1 (24 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 ), 23 (53 percent) were taking chronic (greater than 2 mo) @entity460 -channel blocker therapy. @entity594 10 mg capsules were chewed and swallowed with repeat doses given at hourly intervals if necessary. Target BP was 140/90 mm Hg, which was achieved in 31 of 43 @entity1 (72 percent). In @entity1 already taking @entity460 -channel blockers, target BP was achieved in 18 of 23 @entity1 (78 percent). Response in @entity1 not taking chronic @entity460 -channel blockers was observed in 13 of 20 @entity1 (65 percent). Overall, adverse effects occurred in 16 of 43 @entity1 (37 percent): 11 of 23 @entity1 (48 percent) taking @entity460 -channel blockers, and 5 of 20 @entity1 (25 percent) not taking @entity460 -channel blockers. @entity594 is equally effective in lowering BP in @entity1 taking @entity460 -channel blockers as it is in @entity1 not taking them. Although associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects in @entity1 already taking @entity460 -channel blockers, these effects were not considered serious. @entity594 is an effective agent in acute @entity101 episodes, even in @entity1 receiving chronic @entity460 -channel blocker therapy.

title: @entity594 in the treatment of XXXX episodes in the coronary care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: PURPOSE: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is recommended for the management of @entity1 with unresectable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). This prospective study aimed to compare the efficacy of concurrently delivered @entity900 doublets with @entity1311 , or @entity1205 , or @entity136 . METHODS: The main eligibility criteria consisted of previously untreated stage IIIB @entity1149 . The subjects were randomized into three arms: @entity1311 45 mg/m(2)/week (TP), @entity1205 20 mg/m(2)/week (DP), and @entity136 350 mg/m(2)/week (GP) in addition to @entity900 20 mg/m(2)/week. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was given once daily, weekly 5 fractions and the total prescription dose was 60-66 Gy. The primary endpoint was response rate, and the secondary endpoints were survival and @entity137 . RESULTS: A total of 101 @entity1 were recruited into this trial of whom 93 (TP: 33, DP: 29, GP: 31) @entity1 were treated with CCRT from March 2005 to July 2007. Similar response rates were observed across arms: TP: 63.6 %, DP: 72.4 %, GP: 61.3 % (p = 0.679). There was no statistically significant difference of median survival (TP: 27.3, DP: 27.6, GP: 16.5 months, p = 0.771). In subgroup analysis, a survival benefit of consolidation chemotherapy was not seen, but @entity1210 (63.2 %) and @entity1398 (68.4 %) more than grade 3 were significantly high in DP arm. The grade >= 3 radiation @entity2910 was more frequent in the GP arm (22.6 %, p = 0.163). CONCLUSIONS: Among the three arms, no statistically significant difference in response rate, survival, and @entity137 was observed. However, clinically significant radiation @entity137 was more frequent in the GP arm.

title: A phase III concurrent chemoradiotherapy trial with @entity900 and @entity1311 or @entity1205 or XXXX in unresectable @entity1149 : KASLC 0401.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: We report a 49-year-old @entity1 who had @entity1269 and @entity5785 . A computed tomography revealed hypodense areas in the left frontal subcortex. A cerebral angiography demonstrated @entity432 and both anterior cerebral arteries, as well as stenosis of the left internal carotid artery at the cervical portion. The second angiogram obtained a month later showed no changes. The diagnosis of @entity385 was established on the basis of clinical profile and angiographic findings. Protein C activity and antigen levels were reduced to approximately one half of the normal level in the @entity1 and his brother. The @entity1 had no other risk factors for @entity64 . @entity7131 has been considered one of the risk factors for @entity715 . @entity49 is the most common clinical manifestation, whereas @entity715 is relatively rare. It is generally believed that arterial @entity63 @entity64 associated with @entity7131 occurs with @entity887 mechanism, and @entity1188 is extremely rare. This is the first report suggesting the possibility that @entity7131 can cause @entity5892 .

title: [A case of XXXX due to congenital @entity7131 ].

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['motor aphasia']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency', 'Protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion of the left distal internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic diseases', 'arterial thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity5892 :: (MESH:D020767,Disease) :: ['multiple cerebral arterial thrombosis']


abstract: @entity375 transcribes two genes, @entity55438 and @entity55439 , that contribute disproportionately to the esterification of @entity3150 . @entity55439 is the major enzyme isoform in a wild-type cell growing aerobically. This likely results from a combination of differential transcription initiation and transcript stability. By using @entity55438 and @entity55439 promoter fusions to lacZ reporters, we demonstrated that transcriptional initiation from the @entity55438 promoter is significantly reduced compared to that from the @entity55439 promoter. Furthermore, the half-life of the @entity55439 mRNA is approximately 12 times as long as that of the @entity55438 transcript. We present evidence that the primary role of the minor @entity5068 esterification isoform encoded by @entity55438 is to esterify @entity5068 intermediates, whereas the role of the @entity55439 enzyme is to esterify @entity12364 , the end product of the pathway. Accordingly, the @entity55438 promoter is upregulated in strains that accumulate @entity12364 precursors. Furthermore, @entity55438 and @entity55439 are oppositely regulated by @entity1446 . Under @entity1446 -deficient growth conditions, @entity55438 was upregulated fivefold while @entity55439 was down-regulated. @entity55439 requires the @entity43541 transcription factor for optimal expression, and both ARE genes are derepressed in a @entity43542 (repressor of @entity26 ) mutant genetic background. We further report that the ARE genes are not subject to end product inhibition; neither @entity55438 nor @entity55439 transcription is altered in an are mutant background, nor does overexpression of either ARE gene alter the response of the ARE-lacZ reporter constructs. Our observations are consistent with an important physiological role for @entity55438 during anaerobic growth when @entity1446 is limiting and @entity5068 precursors may accumulate. Conversely, @entity55439 is optimally required during aerobiosis when @entity12364 is plentiful.

title: Transcriptional regulation of the two @entity5068 esterification genes in the @entity375 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the excretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 in the urine of @entity1 with @entity150 according to the stage and grade of @entity5 and to evaluate their diagnostic clinical validity. In @entity189 , increased expression of MMPs is associated with a higher grade of @entity5 and poor prognosis. METHODS: The study population included 44 controls without evidence of @entity5 , 14 @entity1 with @entity2335 , and 43 @entity1 with Stage Ta-T1, 18 @entity1 with Stage T2, and 10 @entity1 with Stage T3-T4 @entity150 . @entity1476 and @entity1495 excretion in urine samples was measured with gelatin zymography and related to the urine @entity1011 concentration. The evaluation of data was performed by univariate statistical analysis, logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: The upper cutoff limit for @entity1476 and @entity1495 excretion was 277 microg/g @entity1011 and 648 microg/g @entity1011 , respectively. Levels of @entity1476 and @entity1495 correlated with each other and with @entity5 stage and grade. Elevated excretions were mainly observed in @entity1 with invasive @entity5 (Stage T2-T4). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the areas under the curves for @entity1476 and @entity1495 were significantly higher in @entity1 with muscle-invasive than in @entity1 with noninvasive @entity5 . Related to the cutoff limits, the overall sensitivity to detect @entity150 was 0.51 for @entity1476 and 0.31 for @entity1495 . In logistic regression analysis, @entity1476 showed the best results. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary excretion of @entity1476 and @entity1495 is associated with a high stage and grade of @entity150 , and they may serve as indicators of @entity5 progression and recurrence in the future.

title: Excretion of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in urine is associated with a high stage and grade of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['numerous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1 polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were isolated from freshly drawn venous blood by Dextran sedimentation and discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation. The effects of several putative triggers of the @entity4352 formation such as @entity2242 , PAF, @entity5038 , @entity4417 , @entity4515 , LTC4, LTD4, LTB4 or @entity3899 were studied by RP-HPLC analysis. 280 nM @entity2242 , 100 nM @entity5038 , 1 microM PAF or 20 microM @entity3899 induced a marginal formation of 1.5-18 ng of LTB4 plus LTB4 metabolites/2 x 10(7) PMN. 560 nM @entity4417 , 100 nM @entity4515 , 1 microM LTC4, 1 microM LTD4 and 1 microM LTB4 each failed to induce any formation of @entity1437 products. Pretreatment of the cells with 40 microM @entity53313 ( @entity13084 ) enhanced the @entity4352 formation by 100 nM @entity5038 about 40-fold, by 280 nM @entity4417 about 120-fold and by 1 microM PAF about 14-fold. @entity13084 itself induced no @entity4352 formation from @entity1 PMN and reduced the @entity4352 formation by 20 microM @entity3899 . The @entity5038 / @entity13084 -induced activation of the PMN was concentration-dependent in respect to both @entity5038 and @entity13084 . 1 microM LTC4, 1 microM LTD4 or 1 microM LTB4 also failed to trigger any LTB4 formation of @entity13084 -treated PMN. 560 nM @entity4417 or 100 nM @entity4515 in combination with 40 microM @entity13084 induced a slight formation of 28 ng and 10 ng of LTB4 plus LTB4 metabolites, respectively. The @entity5038 / @entity13084 -induced @entity4352 formation was modulated by @entity2918 . @entity1421 , PGE1, @entity8172 and @entity14277 each evoked a concentration-dependent inhibition of the @entity4352 formation with IC50 values of 0.07 microM, 0.18 microM, 0.27 microM and 6 microM respectively. In addition, significant inhibitory effects by PGI2, Iloprost (a @entity53314 analogue of @entity4770 ), PGF2a or @entity33449 were achieved; the corresponding IC50 values, however, amounted to 19-59 microM. Thus these compounds were about 500-fold less potent in comparison with @entity1421 in inhibiting LTB4 formation by @entity1 PMN.

title: @entity4352 formation by XXXX polymorphonuclear leukocytes from endogenous @entity3899 . Physiological triggers and modulation by prostanoids.

entities_list: @entity13084 :: ('MESH:D013849', 'Chemical') :: ['Merthiolate', 'merthiolate']

entities_list: @entity53314 :: ('MESH:C026678', 'Chemical') :: ['carbacyclin']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity53313 :: ('CHEBI:33215', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylmercurithiosalicylate']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The availability of different @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with distinct anti-leukemic potency enables optimization of current therapeutic regimens; however, some @entity1 lose their therapy response and acquire TKI resistance. In this study, we describe a single-center experience of monitoring BCR-ABL1 @entity12424 ( @entity12424 ) mutations and discuss the impact of treatment on mutation selection. METHODS: @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) @entity1 treated with TKIs at the Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno during 2003-2011 were included in this study. A total number of 100 @entity1 who did not achieve an optimal therapy response or who lost their therapy response were screened for the presence of BCR-ABL1 @entity12424 mutations, using direct sequencing. RESULTS: Our data show that pretreatment with non-specific non-TKI drugs prior to TKI therapy does not preferentially select for initial BCR-ABL1 @entity12424 mutations, in contrast to first-line @entity2213 therapy, which shows a clear predominance of @entity28837 or P-loop mutations compared with mutations located in other @entity12424 regions. In addition, the median time to detection of P-loop mutations was substantially shorter in @entity1 treated with first-line @entity2213 than in those pretreated with non-TKI drugs. Furthermore, analysis of @entity1860 @entity1 who had recurrent resistance to TKI therapy revealed possible therapy-driven selection of BCR-ABL1 @entity12424 mutations. Finally, we confirm the previously described poor prognosis of @entity1860 @entity1 with mutations in the BCR-ABL1 @entity12424 , since 40.0% of our @entity1860 @entity1 who harbored a BCR-ABL1 @entity12424 mutation died from @entity1860 while receiving TKI treatment. Moreover, among the @entity1 who are still on treatment, 27.8% have already progressed. Our data also confirm the unique position of the @entity28837 mutation with respect to its strong resistance to currently approved TKIs. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the 'real-life' data described in this study, it is possible that the therapy itself results in its failure and selects the most resistant mutations under the selective pressure of the applied therapy regimen in some @entity1860 @entity1 who harbor BCR-ABL1 @entity12424 mutations.

title: Role of treatment in the appearance and selection of BCR-ABL1 XXXX mutations.

entities_list: @entity12424 :: ('MESH:C538138', 'Disease') :: ['kinase domain', 'KD']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'Chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity12424 :: (MESH:C538138,Disease) :: ['kinase domain']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival after surgery for T3N0 @entity694 . All @entity1 with node-negative (N0) @entity694 with @entity5 invasion beyond the muscularis propria (T3) treated with colectomy between 1982 and 1995 at a single institution were included. @entity1 were divided into two groups depending on postcolectomy treatment with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. Groups were evaluated to determine perioperative and pathologic variables that could potentially influence outcome and surveillance data to determine disease-free and overall survival. In 253 @entity1 with T3N0 @entity694 226 remained under observation and 27 were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. The groups were similar (P = not significant) when compared for @entity5 location, size, differentiation, number of nodes harvested, and transfusion requirements. Four of the 27 @entity1 who received chemotherapy developed a recurrence (14.8%), whereas 22 of the 226 observation @entity1 developed a recurrence (9.7%). Disease-free survival for the chemotherapy group at 5 years was 84 per cent and for the observation group 87 per cent. Statistical analysis (Mantel-Cox) showed no significant difference between the groups on the basis of survival (P = 0.3743). We conclude that resection alone is a highly effective treatment for T3N0 @entity694 leaving limited opportunity for adjuvant chemotherapy to significantly impact survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy for T3N0 @entity694 @entity1 should be limited to @entity1 enrolled in clinical trials designed to identify subgroups of T3N0 @entity694 @entity1 at a survival disadvantage or less toxic adjuvant chemotherapies.

title: A critical appraisal of treatment for T3N0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report our experience in the study of acute left-sided @entity12127 and to investigate the semiology and the possible diagnostic role of Computed Tomography (CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the last 5 years, we examined with CT 52 @entity1 with @entity697 . The examinations were performed with contiguous slices from the diaphragm to the perineum. An iodized contrast agent was administered orally in 32 cases and intravenously in 38. The diagnostic parameters we considered were: @entity7261 , pericolonic @entity32 , thickening, intraparietal tracts, @entity292 , pelvic phlegmons or abscesses, extrapelvic @entity298 , perforation, @entity17825 . Moreover, the cases were classified according to the system proposed by Neff in 5 stages. RESULTS: In order of frequency, the CT findings included: pericolonic inflammatory infiltration (96% of the cases), parietal thickening (90.5%), @entity7261 (88.5%), pericolonic and intrapelvic abscessual collections (38.5% each), pericolonic phlegmon and colonic performation (11.5% each), extramural @entity292 (9.5%), @entity850 with @entity694 (6%), intramural tract and extrapelvic @entity733 (4% each), @entity7261 (2%). As for the severity of the inflammatory involvement, 15% of the cases were included in stage 0, 29% in I, 42.5% in II, 13.5% in III, and none in IV. CONCLUSIONS: CT is an accurate diagnostic tool in the analysis of acute @entity4436 . Its main limitations are relative to the detection of early phases and the differentiation from @entity189 . CT should be performed to examine selected @entity1 , with complicated @entity4436 .

title: [Computerized tomography in the study of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute sigmoid diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity17825 :: ('MESH:D004241', 'Disease') :: ['colonic obstruction, giant diverticula']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula', 'giant diverticulum']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity12127 :: ('MESH:D004239', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['abscess or peritonitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute sigmoid diverticulosis']


abstract: Antiemetic effect and safety of concurrent administration of ondansetron and other antiemetics ( @entity619 , @entity2211 and @entity56584 ), given for complete suppression of @entity1209 , were examined in 46 @entity1 (109 courses) with gynecological @entity5 receiving single high-dose of @entity900 or @entity3003 . As for the delayed @entity391 , antiemetic effect depending on the @entity134 treatment duration, given concurrently to ondansetron, was compared. The results were as follows; 1. In 78 courses, anticancer drugs were given concurrently to @entity900 or @entity3003 only on Day 1. In the remaining 31 courses, those drugs were concurrently administered up to Day 6 at the longest. 2. Complete suppression (i.e., no onsets) rate of acute @entity391 was 64.2% (70/109 courses) for @entity390 , and 84.4% (92/109 courses) for @entity391 . 3. When the complete suppression depending on duration of concomitant @entity134 was examined mainly in @entity1 receiving CAP ( @entity786 , @entity632 and @entity900 ), higher antiemetic effect, especially in @entity390 , was observed in those on concomitant @entity230 for 3 days compared to that for 1 day. 4. The food intake rate improved along with @entity390 symptoms. 5. No adverse event or @entity854 due to the multi-antiemetic treatment was observed. Based on the above, the efficacy of the antiemetic treatment in this study was confirmed. In delayed @entity391 , concurrent @entity230 given for 3 days after chemotherapy were considered effective and were also regarded to improve food intake.

title: [Multi-drug antiemetic treatment and effect of treatment duration of concurrent @entity230 --for complete control of chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 in gynecological XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity56584 :: ('MESH:C029617', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl loflazepate']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'emesis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity231 is thought to cause a myopic shift in refraction in older @entity1 . The authors tested this hypothesis by assessing the correlation of nuclear opacity with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) in an older population. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. METHODS: Three thousand six hundred and fifty-four @entity1 aged 49 years or older were examined in the Blue Mountains Eye Study [BMES] (1992 to 1994). Eye examinations included subjective refraction and lens photographs. Nuclear opacity was assessed against four standard slit-lamp lens photographs using the Wisconsin Cataract Grading System. @entity231 was defined as opacity level 4 or higher. RESULTS: @entity1 without nuclear @entity231 had an annual mean hyperopic shift of 0.05 diopters (P < .0001). In @entity1 with nuclear @entity231 , this hyperopic shift disappeared. A myopic refractive shift occurred only in @entity1 with nuclear opacity levels of 4 or higher. CONCLUSION: This study documents the contribution of nuclear @entity231 to the mild myopic shift that neutralizes the age-related hyperopic shift occurring in older @entity1 .

title: XXXX and myopic shift in refraction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Nuclear cataract', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Nuclear cataract']


abstract: Heterogeneity in cardiac repolarization (Delta APD) is known to be arrhythmic. In the @entity235 model of chronic @entity713 and acquired @entity1162 , an increase in Delta MAPD (defined as left ventricular monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) minus right ventricular MAPD) is often associated with changes in T-wave morphology. The purpose of this study was to correlate known changes in Delta MAPD with the planimetric total area of the T-wave on the surface ECG (integral of J-T, mVx ms). METHODS: The relationship between Delta MAPD and total area of the T-wave (i.e., JT-area) was assessed in four different protocols with different types of dispersion: (1) class III drugs followed by levcromakalim (n= 7), (2) @entity1563 and reperfusion (n = 6), (3) @entity24724 i.v., an @entity2643 like agent (n = 5) and (4) steady state pacing at cycle lengths of 1000 ms and 500 ms (n = 5). RESULTS: Class III drugs increased Delta MAPD (55 +/- 40 ms to 120 +/- 50 ms(#), P<0.05), which was correlated (r = 0.74, P < 0.001) with JT-area (50 +/- 40 mV. ms to 95 +/- 35 mV x ms(#)). @entity63 increased both Delta MAPD (30 +/- 25 ms to 90 +/- 40 ms(#)) and JT-area (60 +/- 55 mV x ms to 75 +/- 50 mV x ms(#)). Both levcromakalim and reperfusion reversed these conditions. @entity24724 had no effect on Delta MAPD or on JT-area while a faster frequency reduced both Delta MAPD and JT-area. CONCLUSION: Changes in dispersion of ventricular repolarization are reflected by alterations in JT-area. This non-invasive parameter may therefore be used to indicate changes in heterogeneity in ventricular repolarization.

title: The JT-area indicates dispersion of repolarization in @entity235 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['complete AV-block']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['LAD coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity24724 :: ('MESH:C118667', 'Chemical') :: ['Dronedarone', 'dronedarone']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long QT syndrome']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular block']


abstract: The new gene expression molecular taxonomy of @entity0 places @entity189 in the basal group. The basal group is considered to have a poor prognosis, but @entity189 is considered to have a better prognosis than other grade 3 @entity189 . The prognostic significance of @entity5 associated @entity32 , an important feature of @entity189 , remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic importance of medullary histological type and @entity32 in @entity0 . One thousand five hundred and ninety-seven @entity1 who received no systemic adjuvant treatment and who had a median follow up of 9.5 years were studied. RESULTS: Prominent @entity32 was associated with high histological grade and with better survival [relative risk (RR) 0.57, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.44-0.74] on multivariate analysis. @entity189 (n=132) did not have significantly different survival and were grouped together. @entity189 did not have significantly different prognosis than grade 3 @entity513 with prominent @entity32 , but both had a better prognosis than grade 3 @entity513 without prominent @entity32 (P<0.0001 and P=0.03). These differences were independent of other prognostic factors. These results question the current separation of @entity189 . Prominent @entity32 is associated with a better prognosis, and may explain the better prognosis in @entity189 compared with grade 3 @entity513 without prominent @entity32 . The good prognosis of @entity189 emphasises the @entity0 . Further studies are needed to investigate the difference in survival between @entity189 and @entity5 and the role of @entity32 in any such differences in behaviour.

title: The prognostic significance of @entity32 and medullary histological type in invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'heterogeneity of basal-like breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['other forms of basal carcinomas', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'medullary carcinomas', 'Medullary carcinoma', 'medullary carcinoma', 'typical and atypical medullary carcinoma', 'Typical and atypical medullary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pancreatic fistulae are a major complication of distal pancreatectomy (DP). Some cases of severe @entity3472 require invasive procedures. There have been some reports concerning the effectiveness of @entity788 through an endoscopic transpapillary approach for pancreatic fistulae. CASE PRESENTATION: We herein present a case of a @entity3472 after DP that was successfully treated with percutaneous @entity788 , which was performed using a combined percutaneous and endoscopic approach, named the "rendezvous technique". In our case, we performed distal pancreatectomy with celiac artery resection for a locally advanced @entity788 . On postoperative day (POD) 7, the drain amylase level increased up to 37,460  IU/l. Computed tomography (CT) revealed peripancreatic fluid collections. On POD 10, we placed a catheter in the main pancreatic duct using the rendezvous technique. CT on POD 14 revealed a decrease in the size of the peripancreatic fluid collection, and contrast imaging from the drains on POD 22 revealed almost complete disappearance of the fluid collection. We withdrew the pigtail catheter on POD 27 and the percutaneous pancreatic duct drain on POD 36. This @entity1 was discharged from our hospital on POD 40. CONCLUSION: We herein report a new approach called the "rendezvous technique" for the management of pancreatic fistulae after DP that can be used instead of a stressful nasopancreatic tube.

title: A "rendezvous technique" for treating a XXXX after distal pancreatectomy.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic body cancer', 'pancreatic duct drainage']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

answer: @entity3472 :: (MESH:D010185,Disease) :: ['pancreatic fistula']


abstract: Fatigue is a serious health concern in the elderly. Sex differences exist in adiposity, systemic @entity32 , physical activity/fitness and @entity1295 ; however, the relations among these variables remain inadequately characterized impeding the development of @entity1295 prevention strategies. Measures of adiposity, @entity1851 , physical activity, aerobic fitness, @entity25 and @entity308 were obtained from 127 community-dwelling older adults. Although similar in age (70 y) and BMI (28.0kg/m(2)) @entity1 (n=80) reported 63% greater @entity1295 than @entity1 (p=0.04). @entity1386 (r=0.44), CRP (r=0.29), physical activity (r=-0.26) and fitness (r=-0.41) were related to @entity1295 in @entity1 (all p<0.05), but not in @entity1 . @entity308 was also related to @entity1295 in @entity1 (r=0.37), and was the only variable related to @entity1295 in @entity1 (r=0.42). In @entity1 , @entity1295 was independently explained (all p<0.05) by CRP (6.6%), @entity308 (6.3%), physical activity (5.8%), and adiposity (3.9%); however, in @entity1 , only @entity308 explained variance in @entity1295 (12.0%). CRP was 40% higher and adiposity 12% higher in @entity1 reporting @entity1295 compared to those with no @entity1295 ; no such differences existed in @entity1 . Obese @entity1 perceived a greater degree of @entity28 @entity1 , but this was not the case in @entity1 . @entity1 report more @entity1295 than @entity1 which was independently associated with @entity32 , @entity308 , physical activity and adiposity, whereas in @entity1 the only independent predictor was @entity308 . Strategies to prevent @entity1295 may differ in older @entity1 and @entity1 , especially with regard to @entity32 , physical activity and adiposity.

title: Sex differences in the relationship between @entity28 , @entity1851 , physical activity, @entity308 , sleep quality and XXXX in older adults.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue than non-obese']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['Adiposity']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue, sleep quality']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: The incidence of second wave of @entity1423 induced by a small dose of @entity857 (1 mumol/l) was compared with plasma levels of @entity4938 in 81 normal individuals, 34 @entity1 with @entity583 , 11 @entity1 with @entity697 and 26 @entity1 with @entity8 . Platelet hyperaggregability was observed in 7% of normal individuals. Plasma levels of @entity4938 were higher in normal individuals over 60 years of age (48 vs. 32 micrograms/l). In contrast, hyperaggregability was observed in 79% of @entity1 with @entity583 and in 64% of those with @entity697 . Median plasma levels of @entity4938 were also significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity583 (82 micrograms/ml) or @entity697 (99 micrograms/l). Levels of @entity4938 in plasma were significantly higher in those @entity1 who demonstrated hyperaggregability. In @entity1 with @entity8 only 12% had signs of hyperaggregability. Nevertheless their plasma levels of @entity4938 were elevated (76 micrograms/l) and correlated with the serum @entity1011 values. These investigations indicate that @entity1 with @entity583 or @entity64 have hyperreactive platelets and evidence of @entity1423 in the circulation. However, evaluation of increased levels of @entity4938 requires consideration of renal function.

title: Relationship between XXXX and plasma @entity4938 levels in arterio-vascular and @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['increased platelet inactivation', 'platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4938 :: ('5473', 'Gene') :: ['beta-thromboglobulin']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet aggregation']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report our experience with the use of @entity7062 in the @entity3570 population that is dry during the day but wet at night. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1994 to 1996, 18 @entity1 with @entity2590 were treated with @entity7062 for persistent nocturnal enuresis. Initial dose was 40 mcg. before bedtime, decreased by intervals of 10 mcg. every 3 weeks. @entity1 were kept on the minimum dose required to keep them dry. We reviewed morning catheterized volumes, side effects and dosages needed to stay dry, and compared augmented @entity1 with nonaugmented @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 18 @entity1 14 (78%) reported marked improvement in nocturnal enuresis. Of 6 augmented @entity1 5 (83%) are dry compared to 9 of 12 nonaugmented @entity1 (75%). There were no adverse side effects from the use of @entity7062 . Average dose to stay dry was 20 mcg. for augmented and 30 mcg. for nonaugmented @entity1 . Of the 4 @entity1 who had persistent nocturnal @entity322 despite @entity7062 3 (75%) became dry with a single catheterization in the middle of the night. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7062 is successful in treating nocturnal enuresis in the @entity3570 @entity1 with diurnal continence.

title: @entity7062 for nocturnal @entity322 in the XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['Desmopressin', 'desmopressin']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

answer: @entity3570 :: (MESH:D016135,Disease) :: ['spina bifida']


abstract: Motor deficit severity and the potential for recovery in @entity1 with @entity1545 depend on the integrity of descending corticofugal projections. Clinical assessment of these conditions following subtotal @entity131 requires a comprehensive understanding of the anatomical structures involved in the lesion as well as those structures that are spared. To assist in this endeavor, we investigated motor fiber organization in the crus cerebri of the cerebral peduncle (ccCP) in the @entity2608 . Fibers originating from the arm representations of the primary (M1), supplementary (M2), rostral cingulate (M3), caudal cingulate (M4), dorsolateral pre- (LPMCd) and ventrolateral pre- (LPMCv) motor cortices were studied. The projections from the frontal and cingulate motor cortices formed descending longitudinal bundles that occupied the medial three-fifths of the ccCP at superior and middle levels. Although considerable overlap characterized these corticofugal projections, a general topography was discernable. Fibers from M1 and M4 occupied the central subsector of the ccCP, and fibers from M3 resided medially. The main distribution of LPMCd, LPMCv, and M2 fibers occupied the centromedial region and overlapped extensively. Progressing inferiorly, all fiber bundles in the central and centromedial sectors gradually extended medially, and overlap increased. A common location of fiber passage occurred at the midbrain-pontine isthmus where all of the fiber bundles overlapped. Our findings indicate that the widespread distribution of corticofugal motor projections may account for the favorable levels of motor recovery that accompany subtotal @entity130 . At superior and mid-levels of the ccCP anteromedial lesions may disrupt projections from M3, whereas anterolateral lesions may disrupt projections from M1 and M4. Fibers from M2, LPMCv, and LPMCd may be compromised to some degree in both situations. The compact and commixed nature of motor fiber organization at inferior levels and the midbrain-pontine isthmus suggests a vulnerable region of passage for comprehensive disruption of frontal and cingulate corticofugal projection fibers.

title: Localization of arm representation in the cerebral peduncle of the non- XXXX primate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['midbrain injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of structural organization on the relationship between clinically assessed bone mineral density (BMD) and strength of trabecular bone. Accurate assessment of bone strength or @entity174 risk is a critical need as the population ages and the incidence of @entity174 increases. While ex vivo tests have demonstrated that BMD measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) correlates with failure load of whole bones, it is also known that the strength of trabecular bone cannot be explained by density alone. Cylindrical cores of @entity291 trabecular bone, harvested in a variety of orientations, were scanned with DXA to determine density, assessed with micro-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) to measure orientation, and then loaded them to failure in bending. Measures of trabecular architecture included the angle between the specimen longitudinal (Z) @entity2270 and the principal @entity2270 , the maximum mean intercept length (MILmax), the mean intercept length in the specimen primary @entity2270 (MILz), the degree of anisotropy, and the ratio between MILz and the length of the principal @entity2270 . MILz was strongly associated with failure stress (r2 = 0.85, P < 0.001). BMD was also moderately associated with failure stress (r2 = 0.44, P = 0.004). Using a stepwise linear multiple regression analysis, the strongest predictor of failure stress was a combination of BMD, angle, and MILz (R2 = 0.91). When only longitudinal specimens were analyzed, the strongest predictor of failure stress was a combination of BMD and angle (R2 = 0.95). Therefore, trabecular orientation plays a significant and important role in failure of trabecular bone. Accounting for this may improve the associations between DXA-based density measures and @entity1 @entity174 .

title: The effect of trabecular structure on DXA-based predictions of XXXX bone failure.

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['material axis', 'axis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies show an association between a long duration of @entity221 (DUI) and poor outcome in @entity161 @entity1 . DUI, in turn, may be influenced by different variables including specific illness-related factors as well as access to local @entity146 services. AIMS: The purposes of the present study were to detect differences in terms of DUI among @entity161 coming from different geographic areas and to evaluate differences in DUI across diagnostic sub-types. METHOD: One hundred and twenty-five (125) @entity161 @entity1 of the Psychiatric Clinic of Milan (n = 51) and Moscow (n = 74) were enrolled. @entity915 -I was administered to all @entity1 and information about DUI was obtained by consulting clinical charts and health system databases, and by means of clinical interviews with @entity1 and their relatives. DUI was defined as the time between the onset of illness and the administration of the first antipsychotic drug. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were performed to find eventual differences in terms of DUI across diagnostic sub-types. RESULTS: Italian @entity1 showed a longer DUI (M = 4.14 years, SD = 4.95) than Russians (M = 1.16 years, SD = 1.43) (F = 24.03, p < .001). DUI was found to be longer in paranoid @entity161 (M = 3.47 years, SD = 4.19) compared to @entity2437 @entity1 (M = 0.96 years, SD = 0.94) (F = 3.56, p = .016). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that the different @entity161 sub-types may differ in terms of DUI, likely due to different clinical severity and social functioning. Studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the data of the present study.

title: Duration of @entity221 (DUI) and XXXX sub-types: a collaborative study between the universities of Milan and Moscow.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenics']

entities_list: @entity2437 :: ('MESH:D012560', 'Disease') :: ['catatonic']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['untreated illness']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: How does the behavioral expression of @entity2438 in @entity2100 (FXS  +  Aut) compare with idiopathic @entity2438 (iAut)? Although @entity73 and restricted, @entity146 are common to these variants of @entity2438 , closer examination of these symptom domains may reveal meaningful similarities and differences. To this end, the specific behaviors comprising the social and repetitive behavioral domains in young @entity1 with FXS  +  Aut and iAut were profiled. METHOD: Twenty-three male subjects 3 to 5 years old with FXS  +  Aut were matched by age to a group of 38 @entity1 with iAut. Repetitive behavior was assessed using the Repetitive Behavior Scales-Revised. Social behavior was evaluated using Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule social item severity scores. RESULTS: Rates of stereotypy, self-injury, and @entity146 did not differ between groups, whereas compulsive and @entity146 scores were significantly lower for subjects with FXS  +  Aut compared with those with iAut. Those with FXS  +  Aut scored significantly lower (less severe) than the iAut group on five Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule measurements of social behavior: gaze integration, quality of social overtures, social smile, facial expressions, and response to joint attention. CONCLUSIONS: The behavioral phenotype of FXS  +  Aut and iAut are most similar with respect to @entity7881 (motoric) restricted, @entity146 and social approach, but differ in more complex forms of restricted, @entity146 and some social response behaviors. These findings highlight the phenotypic heterogeneity of @entity2438 overall and its unique presentation in an etiologically distinct condition.

title: Evidence of a distinct behavioral phenotype in young @entity1 with @entity2100 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sameness behaviors', 'ritual behavior', 'repetitive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['social impairments']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7881 :: ('MESH:C563621', 'Disease') :: ['lower-order']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']