abstract: The reported prevalence of silent @entity299 as assessed by ambulatory electrocardiographic recording varies widely. The influence of the stringency of the analysis criteria has never been reported. We performed 24-hour, 12-lead ambulatory electrocardiographic recording in @entity1 with @entity101 but without proven @entity453 . The recordings were analyzed according to strict @entity308 criteria adapted from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines and according to basic @entity308 criteria adapted from studies with only concise descriptions of ambulatory electrocardiographic recording analysis. Also, we performed 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. More than 4400 hours of ambulatory electrocardiographic recording and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in 194 @entity1 with @entity101 were analyzed. Medication was withdrawn in 45% of the @entity1 . The average systolic blood pressure during the day was 152+/-13 (mean+/-SD); diastolic blood pressure was 94+/-17 mm Hg. According to the basic @entity308 criteria, we found a prevalence of silent @entity63 of 11.3%, and with the strict criteria the prevalence was 5.2%. The @entity1 who were considered positive according to the basic criteria but not according to the strict criteria (false-positive) in the majority of cases (58%) had @entity308 of an elevated baseline ST segment. We found a lower prevalence of silent @entity299 as assessed by ambulatory electrocardiographic recording than generally reported. The stringency of applied analysis criteria appear to play an important role in this outcome.

title: @entity308 criteria and the prevalence of silent XXXX in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac ischemia']


abstract: The most common indications for laparoscopic surgery in @entity30 include ileocolic resection and right hemicolectomy. The aim of this study was to compare the results of right hemicolectomy in an early phase versus a later phase. Between August 1992 and October 1998 all @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic surgery for ileocolic resection and right hemicolectomy were divided into chronological groups: Group I = August 1992 to January 1996 and Group II = February 1996 to October 1998. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, Student t test, or Fisher's exact test. We identified 41 @entity1 ; 16 @entity1 [eight females and eight males with an average age of 37.1 (range 20-59) years] were in Group I and 25 [16 females and nine males with an average age of 41.9 (range 15-74) years] were in Group II [P = not significant (NS)]. Overall there were five (12%) intraoperative complications reported: two (12%) in Group I and three (12%) in Group II (P = NS). Mean operative time was 149 (range 90-260) minutes in Group I versus 158 (range 100-285) minutes in Group II (P = NS). Mean length of hospital stay was 7.4 (range 4-18) days in Group I and 6.6 (range 3-20) days in Group II (P = NS). Four @entity1 (25%) in Group I and seven (28%) in Group II had their procedures converted to laparotomy (P = NS). In Group I four (25%) @entity1 had surgery-related @entity260 , one of which was wound related. One @entity1 has an @entity834 whereas two had prolonged @entity86 . In Group II six (24%) @entity1 had surgery-related complications, two of which were wound related, three were cases of prolonged @entity86 , and one was an @entity834 (P = NS between Groups I and II). Perhaps as a result of the relative technical ease of right-sided resections or the nature of the disease the expected decrease in morbidity and conversion rate over time could not be shown.

title: Laparoscopically assisted hemicolectomy for XXXX : are we still getting better?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 who develop @entity810 in the @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) have extremely high rates of mortality and morbidity. The goals of this study were to identify correlates of the timing of nephrology consultation in @entity810 , and to explore the relation between timing of consultation and outcomes. METHODS: We explored associations among timing of nephrology consultation and in-hospital mortality, lengths of hospital and @entity1213 stay, and recovery of renal function in 215 @entity1213 @entity1 with @entity810 at four U.S. teaching hospitals. We used multivariable logistic regression and propensity scores to adjust for confounding and selection effects. RESULTS: Nephrology consultation was delayed (>or=48 hours) in 61 @entity1 (28%) (median time to consultation, 4 days). Lower serum @entity1011 levels (P <0.0001) and higher urine output (P = 0.002) were associated with delayed consultation. Delayed consultation was associated with increased mortality among dialyzed (31/42 [74%] vs. 50/103 [49%], P = 0.006) and nondialyzed @entity1 (10/19 [53%] vs. 11/51 [22%], P = 0.01), and increases in lengths of hospital (median, 19 days vs. 16 days, P = 0.01) and @entity1213 stay (17 days vs. 6 days, P <0.0001). The association between delayed consultation and mortality was attenuated by covariate adjustment, and was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for propensity score (odds ratio = 2.0; 95% confidence interval: 0.8 to 5.1). CONCLUSION: In @entity810 , delayed nephrology consultation was associated with increased mortality and morbidity, whether or not dialysis was ultimately required. Using observational data, we cannot determine whether these findings reflect residual confounding, selection bias, adverse effects of delayed recognition of @entity810 , or the benefits of nephrology consultation.

title: Nephrology consultation in XXXX : does timing matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: A 74-year-old @entity1 was admitted to a local hospital for investigation of a rapidly growing mass in her neck, and exertional @entity1353 . An open biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of @entity1893 of the thyroid (NHLT), of a diffuse large cell type. The @entity1 was referred to our department for radio-chemotherapy for stage I E NHLT. She was given radiotherapy in the form of 40 Gy radiation directed at her neck and superior mediastinum, with one course of chemotherapy using @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity617 ( @entity3726 ). After radio-chemotherapy, the @entity5 was obviously smaller. Because the @entity1 refused further chemotherapy, she underwent salvage surgery, after being sufficiently advised, and with her informed consent. Histological examination of the removed thyroid tissue showed that the radio-chemotherapy had produced a complete response. Thus, we believe that an open biopsy should be performed early to confirm the diagnosis of @entity706 histologically and to determine the degree of @entity5 . We also stress the fact that NHLT is presently most effectively treated by radiotherapy combined with several courses of @entity3726 chemotherapy. The role of surgery in the treatment of NHLT is diminishing.

title: Salvage surgery for primary XXXX of the thyroid gland with histopathological complete response to radio-chemotherapy: report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies ( @entity7134 ) are important serological markers in the diagnosis of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and are part of the recent disease  classification criteria. However, there is a strong need for reliable markers for measuring and predicting @entity16 and disease activity. Recently, antibodies directed against carbamylated antigens (anti-CarP antibodies) were identified. A total of 120 @entity309 @entity1 were tested for anti-CCP antibodies using different methods and for anti-CarP antibodies using carbamylated fetal calf serum according to the method described by Shi et al. Additionally, @entity7134 fine specificities (to three citrullinated peptides) were measured. Disease activity was assessed at baseline using the disease activity score 28 (DAS28) in 80 @entity1 . For 40 @entity309 @entity1 , joint @entity2681 score (JES) was established. The median JES was 14.1 with a standard deviation of 11.5. Anti-CarP antibodies were correlated with joint @entity2681 score (    =  0.34, 95  % CI 0.03-0.59; p  =  0.0332). No correlation between @entity7134 and joint @entity2681 score was observed. No individual marker correlated with DAS28. When one @entity7134 peptide was combined with anti-CarP antibodies in a score ( @entity7134 peptide 1 divided by anti-CarP), a statistically relevant correlation was found (p  =  0.0264). In this  small cohort, the presence of anti-CarP antibodies, but not @entity7134 correlate with joint @entity2681 score. Anti-CarP antibodies combined with @entity7134 fine specificities correlated with DAS28. Therefore, anti-CarP antibodies might represent a promising marker to predict @entity16 and disease activity in @entity309 @entity1 .

title: Anti-CarP antibodies as promising marker to measure XXXX and disease activity in @entity1 with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['joint damage']


abstract: @entity56 such as @entity483 , @entity565 , and @entity2023 represent a significant healthcare problem. Understanding these diseases as dysregulated inflammatory responses has led to many new targets for therapeutic intervention. Recent data concerning soluble @entity9597 , monoclonal antibodies against @entity225 and an antibody toward IgE have lead to an appreciation of the crucial role played by Th2 subset of CD4(+) T cells and their corresponding cytokines. While these potential drugs are presently in clinical trials and may be valuable therapeutics, orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitors of Th2 cell responses would be desirable for treatment of these @entity102 . One strategy is to prevent effector cell migration (Th2 cells, mast cells, and eosinophils) via chemokine receptor antagonism with a suitable small molecule. Chemokine receptors are a subset of the seven transmembrane-spanning family, which mediate their effects through interaction with heterotrimeric G-proteins. The ligands are a structurally related set of proteins that are selectively expressed in certain disease settings. Three chemokine receptors @entity23427 , @entity16952 , and @entity9235 are preferentially expressed by Th2 cells, mast cells and eosinophils and therefore represent therapeutic targets for @entity566 . This mini-review will focus on new research involving @entity23427 , @entity16952 and @entity9235 . The cellular distribution of each receptor, the corresponding chemokine ligands, and various validation studies are discussed. Recent drug discovery advances concerning pharmacological tools and small molecule receptor antagonists will also be presented.

title: Chemokines in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic diseases']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent movement analysis studies have described compensatory movement strategies used by @entity1 with @entity1269 secondary to @entity64 during reaching and grasping tasks. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a new scale--the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 )--for assessing compensatory movements for @entity2045 reaching in @entity1 with @entity1269 secondary to @entity64 . SUBJECTS: Twenty-eight individuals with @entity1269 , with a mean age of 54.9 years (SD=18.6), participated. METHODS: The study design involved scale development with expert panels and criterion standards for validity. @entity1 were evaluated on the new scale as well as other clinical tests for validity. They were videotaped while performing reaching and grasping movements. RESULTS: The @entity2653 scores correlated with measurements of grip force and @entity64 Assessment and Upper Extremity Performance Test for the Elderly (TEMPA) scores. The @entity2653 discriminated @entity1 with different impairment levels according to the @entity64 Assessment. Preliminary intrarater and interrater reliability coefficients were acceptable for the whole scale. Mean kappa values on individual scale components for 3 raters represented a mean of 67% (SD=13.5%) agreement. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although the @entity2653 shows some types of validity, more rigorous tests of reliability are needed for meaningful conclusions. This study is a first step in validating the scale to assess efficacy of intervention for motor recovery of the arm.

title: Development and validation of a scale for rating motor compensations used for reaching in @entity1 with XXXX : the reaching performance scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Chedoke-McMaster Stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['RPS', 'Reaching Performance Scale']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper-extremity']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['hemiparesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7502 Hernia System (PHS) is a bi-layered @entity7502 mesh with a connector that combines the anterior and @entity169 , but still not very popular in this part of the country. Hence a prospective _ randomized comparative study was undertaken to compare PHS with the already popular Lichtenstein Hernia Repair (LHR) and determine the post-operative outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 67 inguinal hernia repairs were randomly assigned to either PHS or LHR method, and data was collected regarding various outcome measures like duration of surgery, post-operative @entity158 , requirement of analgesia, return to normal activity, and early and late complications. RESULTS: Mean duration of surgery was significantly higher for PHS group than LHR group (65.4 min vs 51.26 min, p-value <0.0001). Significant difference was noted between the PHS and LHR group in terms of moderate to severe post-operative @entity158 (15.15% vs 41.18%,p-value 0.018), time of requirement of analgesia (3.7 vs 4.6 days, p-value 0.024), and time to return to normal activity (2.7 vs 3.4 days, p-value 0.023), all in favour of the former technique. No intra-operative complication was noted in either of the groups. 5 @entity1 had early complications in PHS group and 6 in LHR group, but this was statistically not significant. The average time of follow-up for the study was 7.8 month, ranging from 1 to 18 months. @entity1118 was noted in 1 and 2 @entity1 respectively in PHS and LHR group, again statistically not significant. No recurrence was noted in both the groups till the time of follow-up. CONCLUSION: PHS is a safe and better alternative to the time honored @entity23212 repair with the added advantage of strengthening whole of myopectineal orifice, and virtually eliminating any risk of recurrence.

title: Comparative Study of XXXX Hernia System and Lichtenstein Method for Open @entity169 .

entities_list: @entity23212 :: ('MESH:C535894', 'Disease') :: ['Lichtenstein hernia']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene', 'Prolene']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['posterior inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inguinal pain']

answer: @entity7502 :: (MESH:D011126,Chemical) :: ['Prolene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The circadian timing system controlled by the @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ) of the hypothalamus regulates daily rhythms of motor activity and adrenocortical secretion. An alteration in these rhythms is associated with poor survival of @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . We developed a @entity19 model to investigate the consequences of severe circadian dysfunction upon @entity5 growth. METHODS: The @entity6415 of @entity19 were destroyed by bilateral electrolytic lesions, and body activity and body temperature were recorded with a radio transmitter implanted into the peritoneal cavity. Plasma @entity2819 levels and circulating lymphocyte counts were measured (n = 75 with @entity75 , n = 64 sham-operated). Complete @entity6415 destruction was ascertained postmortem. @entity19 were inoculated with implants of @entity421 (n = 16 with @entity75 , n = 12 sham-operated) or @entity788 (n = 13 with @entity75 , n = 13 sham-operated) @entity5 to determine the effects of altered circadian rhythms on @entity5 progression. Time series for body temperature and rest-activity patterns were analyzed by spectral analysis and cosinor analysis. Parametric data were compared by the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and survival curves with the log-rank test. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: The 24-hour rest-activity cycle was ablated and the daily rhythms of serum @entity2819 level and lymphocyte count were markedly altered in 75 @entity19 with complete @entity6415 destruction as compared with 64 sham-operated @entity19 (two-way ANOVA for @entity2819 : sampling time effect P<.001, lesion effect P =.001, and time x lesion interaction P<.001; for lymphocytes P =.001,.002, and.002 respectively). Body temperature rhythm was suppressed in 60 of the 75 @entity19 with @entity75 (P<.001). Both types of @entity5 grew two to three times faster in @entity19 with @entity75 than in sham-operated @entity19 (two-way ANOVA: P<.001 for lesion and for @entity5 effects; P =.21 for lesion x @entity5 effect interaction). Survival of @entity19 with @entity75 was statistically significantly shorter compared with that of sham-operated @entity19 (log-rank P =.0062). CONCLUSIONS: Disruption of circadian rhythms in @entity19 was associated with accelerated growth of @entity5 of two types, suggesting that the host circadian clock may play an important role in endogenous control of @entity5 progression.

title: Host circadian clock as a control point in XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['suprachiasmatic nuclei', 'SCN']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal or breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['SCN lesions']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic counseling and testing for @entity5 is a unique context for the communication of risk information in the family. This study utilized a theoretical framework based on the family systems perspective to understand intrafamilial @entity5 risk communication patterns in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Individuals (n  =  120) at an elevated risk for @entity5345 /2 mutations were included. Change in communication patterns over time was assessed using McNemar tests. Associations with communication patterns were assessed with multivariable logistic regression. Overall, the proportion of @entity1 encouraged by others significantly (p  <  .001) increased from before to after genetic counseling. A higher proportion of @entity1 were encouraged by female family members compared with male family members. @entity1 who were older, had no personal history of @entity5 , and had a higher @entity5 were more likely to be encouraged by others for genetic testing. @entity1 's intent to encourage family members for genetic testing from before counseling to after receipt of genetic test results decreased by 16.7%. @entity1 who had no personal history of @entity5 and had informative test results for a @entity6069 mutation were more likely to encourage other family members for genetic testing. In addition, qualitative findings suggested that closeness among family members, concern for family, especially future generations, and cognizance about @entity5 risk facilitate information sharing and encouragement for genetic testing. Our findings indicate that intrafamilial @entity5 risk communication varies with the structure of family relationships and that genetic counseling can play an important role in improving intrafamilial @entity5 risk communication.

title: Cancer Risk Information Sharing: The Experience of Individuals Receiving Genetic Counseling for XXXX /2 Mutations.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'familial cancer', 'cancer risk perception']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participant', 'Participants']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Death rates for @entity5 continue to be higher for African Americans, particularly those in inner cities. Harlem Hospital serves a poor, predominantly African-American community in New York City. METHODS: Tumor registry records for 615 @entity1 treated for @entity14 at Harlem Hospital between 1973 and 1992 were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 45.2% were male and 54.8% female, 97.2% were black, and 82% resided in Harlem. All @entity1 were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis;15.3% were first diagnosed intraoperatively; 8.4% were in American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage I, 20.8% Stage II, 22.8% Stage III, 39.0% Stage IV, and 8.0% could not be staged. Colon resection with intention of cure was performed on 50.6%, 21.5% had palliative resection, and 11.6% had colostomy or other palliative surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was given to 6.2%; 16.9% had no surgical treatment because of advanced stage, poor condition, or refusal of surgery; 12.7% presented with perforation or @entity1321 . Operative mortality was 15.3% overall and 10.6% for 311 @entity1 who had surgery with intention of cure. Twenty-five @entity1 had local recurrence, 86 had subsequent distant metastases, and 33 @entity1 had both local and distant recurrence. Forty-nine @entity1 (8%) were lost to follow-up. The 5-year crude survival rate for 615 @entity1 was 18.7%. The relative survival rate was 19.7%, substantially lower than the national average for the same years. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity14 mortality continues to decline nationally, in this population of poor blacks the mortality rate remained high and unchanged. The most important cause of this is late presentation at an incurable stage, resulting from the combined effects of poverty, lack of education, and lack of access to primary care. Culturally sensitive educational programs and accessible health care systems for the poor are needed.

title: XXXX in poor blacks.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['most cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity7462 ( @entity7462 ) is a dynamic intraocular fluid that supports the vitality of tissues that regulate intraocular pressure. We recently discovered that extracellular nanovesicles called exosomes are a major constituent of @entity7462 . Exosomes function in extracellular communication and contain proteins and small RNA. Our goal was to characterize the physical properties of @entity7462 exosomes and their exosomal RNA (esRNA) content. We isolated exosomes from @entity1 @entity7462 collected during @entity231 surgery from five @entity1 using serial ultracentrifugation. We measured the size and concentration of @entity7462 exosomes in solution using nanoparticle tracking analysis. We found a single population of vesicles having a mean size of 121      11  nm in the unprocessed @entity7462 . Data show that centrifugation does not significantly affect the mean particle size (121      11  nm versus 124      21  nm), but does impact the final number of exosomes in solution (87% loss from the unprocessed @entity7462 ; n  =  5). We extracted esRNA from the pooled @entity1 @entity7462 samples using miRCURY RNA isolation kit from Exiqon. The quality of extracted esRNA was evaluated using Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 and was used to generate a sequencing library for small RNA sequencing with Illumina MiSeq sequencer. More than 10 different miRNAs were identified; abundant species included miR-486-5p, @entity10073 , and @entity23697 . We found that the majority of extracellular vesicles in the @entity7462 were in the exosome size range, suggesting that miRNAs housed within exosomes may function in communication between @entity7462 inflow and outflow tissues.

title: XXXX aqueous humor exosomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['AH', 'Aqueous humor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Sheath-forming @entity68 - and @entity921 -depositing bacteria belonging to the Sphaerotilus-Leptothrix group (SLG) are widespread in natural and artificial water systems. Known requirements for their growth include the presence of organic substrates and molecular @entity26 . High concentrations of reduced @entity68 or @entity921 , although not necessary for most species, make their growth a noticeable phenomenon. Such microbial communities have been studied mostly in the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we present descriptions of diverse ochre-depositing microbial communities in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, using a combined approach of microscopical examination, clone library construction and cultivation focused on SLG bacteria. To date, only few SLG type strains are available. The present work increases the number and diversity of cultivated SLG bacteria by obtaining isolates from biofilms and sediment samples of wetlands in Tierra del Fuego. Thirty isolates were selected based on morphological features such as sheath formation and @entity68 / @entity921 deposition. Five operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were deduced. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that one OTU is identical to the Leptothrix mobilis Feox-1(T) -sequence while the four remaining OTUs show similarity values related to previously described type strains. Similarity values ranged from 96.5% to 98.8%, indicating possible new species and subspecies.

title: Isolation of Sphaerotilus-Leptothrix strains from XXXX bacteria communities in Tierra del Fuego wetlands.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity1 epidermal growth factor 2 ( @entity1722 )-positive advanced @entity0 , @entity6023 or @entity1206 plus trastuzumab are among the most widely applied options in the first-line setting. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of @entity416 plus trastuzumab after @entity4349 and @entity1205 or @entity1206 failure and prior trastuzumab exposure. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 were included. @entity416 was administered at a dose of 1,250 mg/m(2) bid for 14 consecutive days in 3-week cycles, with dose modifications if necessary. Trastuzumab was administered every 3 weeks. @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was defined as primary end point. Response was evaluated every 3 months using International Union Against @entity5 criteria. RESULTS: @entity1054 was a median of 8 months, and overall survival was 24 months. No significant difference was found for second-line and beyond second-line treatment. A complete response (CR) was observed in 2.5%, partial response (PR) in 17.5%, stable disease lasting at least 6 months (SD) in 50%, resulting in a clinical benefit rate (CR + PR + SD > or = 6 months) of 70%. @entity294 (5%) and @entity8566 (15%) were the only treatment-related adverse events that occurred with grade 3 or 4 intensity. Three @entity1 (7.5%) developed brain metastases while receiving therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity416 plus trastuzumab appears to be an effective and safe option in a heavily pretreated population. Therefore, a direct comparison of this regimen with @entity416 monotherapy in this setting is warranted.

title: @entity416 and trastuzumab in heavily pretreated metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'Time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prosthetic incisional @entity547 repair (PIHR) is superior to primary closure in preventing @entity547 recurrence. Serious complications have been associated with the use of prosthetic material. Complications of subsequent surgical interventions after prior PIHR in relation to its anatomical position were the objectives of this study. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 who underwent subsequent laparotomy/laparoscopy after PIHR between January 1992 and February 2005 at our institution were evaluated. Intraperitoneal and preperitoneal mesh was related to complication rates after subsequent surgical interventions. RESULTS: Sixty-six of 335 @entity1 underwent re-laparotomy after PIHR. The perioperative course was complicated in 76% (30/39) of procedures with intraperitoneal placed grafts compared to 29% (8/27) of interventions with preperitoneally positioned meshes (P < 0.001). Small bowel resections were necessary in 21% of the intraperitoneal group (8/39) versus 0% in the preperitoneal group. @entity281 rates were higher in the intraperitoneal group (10/39, 26%, versus 1/27, 4%). Enterocutaneous @entity292 formation was rare and occurred in two @entity1 after subsequent laparotomy (5%). CONCLUSIONS: Re-laparotomy after PIHR with @entity7502 meshes are associated with more preoperative and @entity260 when the mesh is placed intraperitoneally. Therefore 0intraperitoneal positioning of @entity7502 mesh at incisional @entity547 repair should be avoided if possible.

title: Intraperitoneal @entity7502 mesh XXXX repair complicates subsequent abdominal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical site infection']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : The goal of the present study was to determine whether volumetric parameters such as metabolic @entity5 volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) measured by sequential F-FDG PET/CT imaging could be used as prognostic factors in @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) who received preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: A total 64 @entity1 with @entity5 @entity1 were included in the current study. All @entity1 were evaluated by F-FDG PET/CT before and after 45 Gy of radiotherapy with concurrent oral @entity416 chemotherapy. Initial, second, and the percent changes ([INCREMENT], %) of semiquantitative and volumetric parameters were used to calculate @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). The cutoff values of semiquantitative and volumetric parameters were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The prognostic significance was assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. RESULTS: For @entity1349 , American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (   = 10.7, P = 0.002), surgical margin (+) (   = 3.39, P = 0.037), lymphatic invasion (+) (   = 6.8, P = 0.0078), RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 ) (   = 46.3, P < 0.0001), SUVmax1 (   = 10.1, P = 0.025),   SUVmax (   = 20.4, P < 0.0001),   SUVmean (   = 28.8, P < 0.0001), MTV1 (   = 24.1, P < 0.0001),   MTV (   = 27.4, P < 0.0001), TLG1 (   = 21.9, P < 0.0001), TLG2 (   = 23.3, P < 0.0001), and   TLG (   = 55.6, P < 0.0001) are associated prognostic factors. For @entity1349 , AJCC stage (   = 6.0, P = 0.021), surgical margin (+) (   = 3.2, P = 0.042), lymphatic invasion (+) (   = 3.8, P = 0.048), RECIST (   = 10.4, P = 0.0015),   SUVmax (   = 6.0, P = 0.013),   SUVmean (   = 10.5, P = 0.0009), MTV1 (   = 14.5, P = 0.0008),   MTV (   = 14.7, P = 0.0002), TLG1 (   = 15.8, P = 0.0002), TLG2 (   = 13.5, P = 0.0006), and   TLG (   = 17.5, P < 0.0001) are potent predictors. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed that the initial MTV (MTV1) and   TLG were the potent predictors for @entity1349 and @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that MTV on initial pretreatment F-FDG PET/CT and   TLG of sequential F-FDG PET/CT after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in @entity5 @entity1 could provide prognostic information.

title: Volumetric Parameters Changes of Sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT for Early Prediction of Recurrence and Death in @entity1 With Locally Advanced XXXX Treated With Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'locally advanced rectal cancer', 'LARC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: THE AIM OF THE STUDY: A case of @entity397 of @entity7996 during term delivery was described. 38-years old @entity1 delivered in 41 Hbd of fourth pregnancy. She was after two normal deliveries and one abortion. A 15 cm @entity1868 of uterus was examined during pregnancy. In a course of pregnancy and delivery no abnormalities was detected. The first period of delivery took 2 hours 15 min., the second--30 min. The newborn was fine (Apgar 7, 4180 g, 56 cm). Just after the delivery a huge @entity548 took place, which lasted in spite of medicines, two abrasions and tampooning of the uterus. The @entity1 lost over 2000 ml of the blood and symptoms of @entity548 took place. During laparotomy a cupped uterus with large @entity1868 and complete @entity397 of the uterus under the @entity1868 was find. A hysterectomy and adnexectomy was performed. 13 days after laparotomy the @entity1 was fine and went home. Histologically a "Ruptura recens parietis colli uteri loco leiomyomata immaturo typi bizzare in utero post partum" was find.

title: [A case of @entity397 of XXXX in the course of delivery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage shock', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7996 :: ('MESH:D014594', 'Disease') :: ['myomatous uterus']

answer: @entity7996 :: (MESH:D014594,Disease) :: ['myomatous uterus']


abstract: WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Endocrine therapy is an effective treatment for post-menopausal @entity1 with ' @entity2931 receptor-positive' invasive @entity0 . There are two main types of endocrine therapies: selective @entity2931 receptor modulators ( @entity440 ) and aromatase inhibitors ( @entity13558 , @entity4672 and @entity17082 ). The aim of this study was to compare the patterns of use of endocrine therapies for @entity0 in @entity1 between nine developed countries. METHODS: A longitudinal, cross-national drug utilization study was conducted. The endocrine therapies included were @entity440 and the aromatase inhibitors: @entity13558 , @entity4672 and @entity17082 . Annual drug utilization data were collected from Australia, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden over the period 2001-2012. Utilization was measured in @entity3603 /1000 inhabitants/day and was also adjusted for @entity0 incidence and female population statistics. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Total use of endocrine therapies either increased or remained steady in all countries. Total endocrine therapy usage was consistently highest in England and France. Norway showed the lowest usage of endocrine therapies overall, using only 1  80 @entity3603 /1000 inhabitants/day in 2012. Downward trends in @entity440 use and upward trends in aromatase inhibitors were seen across all countries over the study period. By 2012, aromatase inhibitors represented over half of total endocrine therapy use in all countries, and as high as 74% and 80% in France and Denmark, respectively. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Our analysis found a shift in use of endocrine therapy from @entity440 to aromatase inhibitors. This trend is consistent with major clinical guidelines endorsing preferential use of aromatase inhibitors in post-menopausal @entity1 . Stabilization or small increase in @entity440 use in the recent years may reflect the recognition of @entity440 as still an appropriate first-line treatment. The similarity in utilization patterns may be due to the relatively comparable healthcare systems in the countries, namely universal health insurance and pharmaceutical coverage. Differences in utilization observed could be due to differences in @entity0 incidence, prescribing behaviours, interpretation of new trial evidence, and timing of drug marketing approval and reimbursement between countries.

title: Longitudinal trends in utilization of endocrine therapies for XXXX : an international comparison.

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['exemestane']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The study was undertaken to identify the effect of @entity440 on the expression and phosphorylation of motility related proteins in the adult male @entity35 . For this purpose, @entity440 , at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg/day, was administered per os to the male @entity35 for a period of 60 days. Cauda sperms, epididymal fluid and tissue proteins were extracted and analyzed by electrophoresis. Testicular tissues fixed in @entity982 wax were analyzed for changes in the immunoexpression of interstitial tissue @entity172 receptor alpha. Phosphorylation pattern of sperm proteins was studied in vitro after incubating with 32P- @entity855 . The expression of dynein and tubulin in sperms, and @entity172 receptors in epididymis were analyzed by immunoblotting. @entity440 treatment did not alter the protein profile in the cauda sperms, epididymal fluid and tissues. Endogenous phosphorylation pattern of sperm proteins in vitro was also not affected, though it is possible that 32P incorporation observed in the 66 kDa protein could be @entity172 receptor. Expression of sperm dynein, tubulin and epididymal @entity172 receptors was unchanged as was the expression of testicular @entity172 receptors. It was concluded that @entity440 administration alters forward motility pattern characteristic of cauda sperm without any demonstrable change in the expression or activation of motility related proteins and the phosphorylation of the sperm @entity172 receptors may be involved in the regulation of sperm motility.

title: Effect of @entity440 treatment on motility related proteins in XXXX spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Attacks of @entity1659 with C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH- @entity7058 ) are commonly treated in the emergency department. Self-administration is emerging as an effective treatment option. In this study, we assessed the impact of home therapy with plasma-derived @entity19459 (pdC1-INH) concentrate on treatment outcomes and costs. METHODS: This is an observational study in C1-INH- @entity7058 @entity1 who switched to home therapy with pdC1-INH (Berinert  ) after learning intravenous self-infusion in a training course at a center in Southern Italy. Before starting home therapy and after the first year of home therapy, @entity1 were interviewed about their treatment and outcomes during the prior 12 months. Annual costs were analyzed by cost minimization from the Italian health care payer perspective and the societal perspective. Outcomes and costs before and after the switch to home therapy were compared. RESULTS: The training course was attended by 36 @entity1 , 17 (47.2%) of whom decided to switch to home therapy. This therapy was associated with a significant decrease in the mean annual number of hospitalizations (16.8 vs. 2.1, p = 0.003) and missed work/school days (20.3 vs. 7.1, p = 0.037) compared to conventional treatment. The times from symptom onset to treatment administration and from treatment administration to symptom improvement/resolution were not significantly different between the two strategies. The mean annual per- @entity1 costs decreased with home therapy from EUR 30,010.57 to EUR 26,621.16 (11.3% saving) and from EUR 29,309.34 to EUR 26,522.04 (9.5% saving) from the societal and payer perspective, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Home therapy with pdC1-INH is a feasible strategy for the management of C1-INH- @entity7058 and may result in cost savings.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Home Therapy with Plasma-Derived C1 Inhibitor: A Strategy to Improve Clinical Outcomes and Costs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary angioedema']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19459 :: ('710', 'Gene') :: ['C1 esterase inhibitor']

answer: @entity1659 :: (MESH:D054179,Disease) :: ['Hereditary Angioedema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The activity and circulation of influenza viruses in Argentina was studied during 2012 as part of the Argentinean Surveillance for @entity683 and other Respiratory Viruses, in the context of Global @entity683 Surveillance. The antigenicity and molecular characteristics of haemagglutinins (HA) of circulating influenza A and B viruses were analysed to assess the emergence of virus variants. Susceptibility to @entity684 and @entity685 was evaluated by enzymatic assay and results were backed-up by sequencing of the @entity689 ( @entity689 ) genes. During the 2012 season, influenza virus circulation in Argentina was detected from weeks 24 to 51. The HA sequences of the studied A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype viruses segregated in a different genetic group compared to those identified during the 2009 pandemic, although they were still closely related antigenically to the vaccine virus A/California/07/2009. The HA sequences of the A(H3N2) viruses analysed fell into the A/Victoria/208/2009 clade, genetic group 3C. A mixed circulation of virus variants belonging to B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages was detected, with B/Victoria being dominant. All viruses tested were sensitive to @entity684 and @entity685 except one. This isolate, an A(H1N1)pdm09 virus possessing the substitution @entity689 - @entity53186 , showed highly reduced inhibition by @entity684 and reduced inhibition by @entity685 . Virological and epidemiological surveillance remains critical for detection of evolving influenza viruses.

title: XXXX virus surveillance in Argentina during the 2012 season: antigenic characterization, genetic analysis and antiviral susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity685 :: ('MESH:D053243', 'Chemical') :: ['zanamivir']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['Influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['Influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess pregnancy outcome in @entity1 with @entity296 and to compare it with @entity296 . METHODS: Twenty-six pregnant @entity1 , aged 28.4+/-6.1 years, with @entity384 were followed. Eighteen @entity1 had @entity296 [11 with persistent @entity1002 (EF=45.2+/-2) and 7 with recovered ventricular function (EF=62.3+/-3.6)]. The 8 remaining @entity1 had @entity296 (EF= 43.5+/-4.1). During the prenatal period, limited physical activity and a low- @entity1372 diet were recommended, and hospitalization was recommended when complications occurred. RESULTS: Of the 26 @entity1 , 11 (42.3%) had a normal delivery; 9(35.5%) had @entity299 , 6 (22.2%) had obstetric complications. Two @entity1 (7.7%) died. Two preterm pregnancies occurred, with 26 health newborns (2 sets of twins). Two miscarriages took place. The @entity299 rate during pregnancy was lower (p<0.009) in the @entity296 group without @entity67 and greater (p=0.01) in the idiopathic group when compared with the peripartum group with @entity67 . Changes in left ventricular ejection fraction were not observed (p<0.05) in the postpartum period, when compared with that during pregnancy in the 3 groups. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy in @entity1 with @entity384 is associated with maternal morbidity. Left ventricular function is a prognostic factor and must be the most parameter when counseling @entity1 with @entity296 about a new pregnancy.

title: Pregnancy and XXXX . A comparative and prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic cardiomyopathy', 'peripartum cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications', 'cardiac complication']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['peripartum cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity4044 extract (GbE) was assessed in models of acute @entity32 induced by carrageenan, @entity406 or @entity2951 in the @entity35 , in models of @entity158 , such as hot-plate (55 degrees C) latency, tail-electric stimulation assay and @entity2951 -induced paw licking and in the model of acute @entity1819 induced by @entity3352 . The agent showed marked anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan model of paw @entity4 . When given subcutaneously (s.c.) (25 and 50 mg kg(-1)) 30 min before challenge, GbE inhibited paw @entity4 with a maximal effect of 43.7 and 56.9%, respectively, at 2h post-carrageenan. Significant inhibition of @entity4 was also observed when GbE (50 mg kg(-1), s.c.) was given 30 min after carrageenan challenge. The agent was also active p.o. in acute @entity32 caused by carrageenan. The administration of GbE with @entity3352 , @entity13586 , @entity12698 , @entity619 or @entity2493 resulted in an additive effect. GbE (50 mg kg(-1), s.c.) caused significant inhibition of @entity406 -induced paw @entity4 , but did not reduce the @entity2951 -induced paw @entity4 . In tests of nociception, GbE (25, 50 or 100 mg kg(-1)) decreased in dose-dependent manner the @entity2951 -induced hind paw licking time and was similarly effective in the hot-plate assay of nociception. In contrast, when assessed in the tail-electric stimulation test, GbE was only effective in the highest dose (100 mg kg(-1)). In pylorus-ligated @entity35 , GbE (25 or 50 mg kg(-1)) increased gastric acid secretion, but reduced @entity1819 caused by IND. Results suggest that GbE may be of clinical value as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug alone or in conjunction with NSAIDs.

title: Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and gastric effects of XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal damage', 'gastric damage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nociceptive pain']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo biloba']

answer: @entity4044 :: (3311,Species) :: ['Ginkgo biloba']


abstract: Various neuropeptides and neurotransmitters affect GH secretion by acting on @entity48216 and @entity1943 ( @entity48221 ) cells. GH secretion is also affected by alteration in @entity1386 , which could be via modulation of @entity48216 and @entity48221 cells. We quantified colocalization of neuropeptides in @entity48216 and @entity48221 cells and afferent projections to these cells in lean (food restricted) and normally fed @entity742 (n=4/group). The number of @entity48216 -immunoreactive (IR) cells in the arcuate nucleus was higher in lean animals, but the number of @entity48221 -IR cells in the periventricular nucleus was similar in the two groups. A subpopulation of @entity48216 -IR cells colocalized neuropeptide Y in lean animals, but this was not seen in normally fed animals. @entity48216 / @entity67970 (GAL) colocalization was higher in lean animals with no difference in numbers of @entity48216 / @entity669 hydroxylase or @entity48216 /GAL-like peptide cells. @entity48221 /enkephalin colocalization was lower in lean animals. The percentage of @entity48216 neurons receiving @entity48221 input was similar in lean and normally fed animals, but more @entity48216 cells received input from enkephalin afferents in normally fed animals. The percentage of @entity48221 cells receiving @entity48216 , neuropeptide Y, GAL, and orexin afferents was higher in lean animals. These findings provide an anatomical evidence of central mechanism(s) by which appetite-regulating peptides and @entity935 could regulate GH secretion. Increased input to @entity48221 cells in lean animals may be inhibitory and permissive of increased GH. The appearance of @entity38025 in @entity48216 cells of lean animals may be a mechanism for regulation of increasing GH secretion with reduced @entity1386 .

title: Reduction in @entity1386 affects the extent of afferent projections to growth hormone-releasing hormone and XXXX neurons and the degree of colocalization of neuropeptides in growth hormone-releasing hormone and @entity1943 cells of the ovine hypothalamus.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: Apoptosis controls erythroid homeostasis by balancing survival and death of erythroid cells. The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis involves regulation of apoptotic events caused by the Bcl-2 family proteins, including the anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members. However, little has been reported on the role of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members in @entity35 late-stage erythroblasts that are no longer @entity5301 ( @entity5301 )-dependent. In the present study, to investigate this we analyzed changes in apoptosis-related factors that occurred in vitro. @entity5301 stimulation resulted in reduced apoptotic cell death of the late-stage erythroblasts accompanied by decreased @entity4124 and @entity2311 activities, which is indicative of the induction of apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Analysis of mRNA expression of the Bcl-2 family proteins demonstrated that @entity5301 stimulation up-regulated the @entity5613 mRNA, resulting in decreases in the mRNA ratios of Bak, @entity2310 , and @entity2309 to @entity5613 . Also, the mRNA ratios of Bak and @entity66792 to @entity66793 were decreased, mainly due to up-regulation of @entity66793 mRNA. These results showed a close association between reduced apoptotic cell death and increased mRNA levels of @entity5613 and @entity66793 in the presence of @entity5301 . Thus, the present study suggests that @entity5613 may be an important anti-apoptotic factor of @entity35 late-stage erythroblasts as has been reported in @entity19 erythroblasts. Moreover, the results also indicate the possibility that @entity66793 may act on the @entity35 late-stage erythroblasts as an anti-apoptotic factor.

title: @entity5613 and @entity66793 are involved in prevention of in vitro apoptosis in XXXX late-stage erythroblasts derived from bone marrow.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of @entity1 with progressive, well-circumscribed grade II @entity816 . METHODS: During a 13-year interval, 12 @entity1 (median age: 25 years) required multimodality management for recurrent or unresectable World Health Organization (WHO) grade II @entity816 . @entity5 involved the brainstem (n = 4), thalamus (n = 1), cerebellum (n = 1), frontal lobe (n = 4), temporal lobe (n = 1), and parietal lobe (n = 1). Diagnosis was confirmed by stereotactic biopsy (n = 5), partial resection (n = 5), and near total resection (n = 2). Multimodality management of @entity1 prior to radiosurgery included fractionated radiation therapy (n = 4), stereotactic cyst drainage (n = 1), and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement (n = 2). @entity5 volumes varied from 1.2 to 45.1 cm(3). The median radiosurgical dose to the @entity5 margin was 16 Gy. RESULTS: After radiosurgery, serial imaging showed complete @entity5 resolution in 1 @entity1 , reduced @entity5 volume in 4, stable @entity5 volume in 3, and delayed @entity5 progression in 4 (3 @entity1 with increase in cyst size only). Therapy after radiosurgery included additional cytoreductive surgery (n = 1) for recurrence of a higher grade @entity5 , stereotactic cyst aspiration (n = 1), and stereotactic intracavitary irradiation (n = 1). All @entity1 were alive at a median follow-up of 52 months after radiosurgery and 103 months after diagnosis. In 8 @entity1 , follow-up lasted more than 60 months. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic radiosurgery is a potential alternative or adjunctive strategy in the management of selected @entity1 with WHO grade II @entity816 .

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for well-circumscribed fibrillary grade II XXXX : an initial experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillary astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical treatment of @entity1625 in @entity1 with @entity10067 ( @entity10067 ) is most successful if all epileptogenic tissue is resected. This may not be evident on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), so intracranial electroencephalography (icEEG) is needed to delineate the @entity410 onset zone (SOZ). EEG-functional MRI (fMRI) can reveal interictal discharge (IED)-related hemodynamic changes in the irritative zone (IZ). We assessed the value of EEG-fMRI in @entity1 with @entity10067 -associated @entity1625 by examining the relationship between IED-related hemodynamic changes, icEEG findings, and postoperative outcome. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with @entity10067 -associated @entity1625 undergoing presurgical evaluation including icEEG underwent simultaneous EEG-fMRI at 3T. IED-related hemodynamic changes were modeled, and results were overlaid on coregistered T1-weighted MRI scans fused with computed tomography scans showing the intracranial electrodes. IED-related hemodynamic changes were compared with the SOZ on icEEG and postoperative outcome at 1 year. RESULTS: Twelve of 23 @entity1 had @entity17647 during recording, and 11 of 12 had significant IED-related hemodynamic changes. The fMRI results were concordant with the SOZ in 5 of 11 @entity1 , all of whom had a solitary SOZ on icEEG. Four of 5 had >50% reduction in @entity410 frequency following resective surgery. The remaining 6 of 11 @entity1 had widespread or discordant regions of IED-related fMRI signal change. Five of 6 had either a poor surgical outcome (<50% reduction in @entity410 frequency) or widespread SOZ precluding surgery. INTERPRETATION: Comparison of EEG-fMRI with icEEG suggests that EEG-fMRI may provide useful additional information about the SOZ in @entity10067 . Widely distributed discordant regions of IED-related hemodynamic change appear to be associated with a widespread SOZ and poor postsurgical outcome.

title: Epileptic networks in XXXX revealed using electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10067 :: ('MESH:C537067', 'Disease') :: ['FCD', 'focal cortical dysplasia']

answer: @entity10067 :: (MESH:C537067,Disease) :: ['focal cortical dysplasia']


abstract: CONTEXT: Like normal tissues, @entity5 require an adequate supply of @entity26 , metabolites and an effective way to remove waste products. This is achieved by angiogenesis, which is defined as the process by which new blood vessels are produced by sprouting from preexisting vasculature. There is a large spectrum of physiological and pathological processes in which angiogenesis occur, ranging from tissue @entity1184 , wound healing, and @entity5 . AIMS: The present study was designed to morphometrically evaluate the angiogenesis in different grades of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) under light microscope by the use of @entity8108 and E stained sections and to assess that whether the parameters of vascularity like mean vascular density (MVD), mean vascular area (MVA), and total vascular area (TVA) can be used to histologically grade the @entity5 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 10 cases each of well-, moderately- and poorly-differentiated SCC cases were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology and were morphometrically analyzed for mean vascular density (MVD), MVA, and TVA. Ten cases of normal oral mucosa were taken as Control. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 19.0 version (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) software for windows. Group mean for MVD, TVA and MVA were calculated for 10 cases of each group. "Student's t-test" was applied to assess the intergroup variation of mean values of MVD, TVA, and MVA. RESULTS: Our results showed significant differences between all the three parameters, that is, MVD, MVA and TVA when poorly differentiated OSCC was compared with the normal mucosa, well- and moderately-differentiated OSCC. However, when comparison was made between the well- and moderately-differentiated OSCC, the differences in the three parameters were present but not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There was an increased MVD, MVA and TVA in poorly differentiated OSCC, which could be used as an additional criterion to histologically grade the @entity5 .

title: Grading angiogenesis in XXXX : A histomorphometric study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'inflammation to tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas', 'OSCCs']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5105 ( @entity5105 )/ @entity272 ( @entity272 ), @entity9338 ( @entity9338 ) and @entity5526 ( @entity5526 ) are common skin diseases featuring abnormal pigmentation which have overlapping clinical features. OBJECTIVE: To search for differences in the natural history, clinical features, histopathology and relevant contact allergens in @entity1 those were clinically diagnosed as @entity272 , @entity9338 and @entity5526 in our outpatient clinic. METHOD: 43 @entity1 were enrolled into the study. @entity1 ' demographic details, histological findings, @entity310 staining, provisional and histology diagnosis were recorded. Closed patch tests with standard fragrance and cosmetic series allergens were performed in all @entity1 . RESULT: 36 of the @entity1 were female and all of them had dark skin complexions (Fitzpatrick's skin type IV-V), as normally found in @entity272 and @entity9338 . The most common histological finding was pigmentary alteration followed by lichenoid infiltration. @entity310 staining was positive in 6 out of 21 cases, the most common pattern being IgM colloid bodies. @entity1 with a provisional diagnosis of @entity272 and @entity9338 had positive patch tests in 40 and 36.36% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: We have found some similarities and differences between these 3 clinically and histologically overlapping @entity74 . Clinical history, histopathology and @entity310 are necessary together for making the diagnosis. Patch testing should be conducted in all cases that present with @entity272 or @entity9338 .

title: Patch testing and histopathology in Thai @entity1 with hyperpigmentation due to XXXX , @entity9338 , and @entity5526 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Pigmented contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['Erythema dyschromicum perstans', 'EDP']

entities_list: @entity9338 :: ('MESH:D008010', 'Disease') :: ['LPP', 'Lichen planus pigmentosus']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary disorder']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Ashy dermatosis']

answer: @entity5105 :: (MESH:D004890,Disease) :: ['Erythema dyschromicum perstans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop, pilot and refine a decision aid (ahead of a randomised trial evaluation) for @entity1 around age 50 facing their initial decision about whether to undergo mammography screening. DESIGN: Two-stage mixed-method pilot study including qualitative interviews (n=15) and a randomised comparison using a quantitative survey (n=34). SETTING: New South Wales, Australia. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 43-59   years with no personal history of @entity0 . INTERVENTIONS: The decision aid provides evidence-based information about important outcomes of mammography screening over 20   years ( @entity0 mortality reduction, overdetection and false positives) compared with no screening. The information is presented in a short booklet for @entity1 , combining text and visual formats. A control version produced for the purposes of comparison omits the overdetection-related content. OUTCOMES: Comprehension of key decision aid content and acceptability of the materials. RESULTS: Most @entity1 considered the decision aid clear and helpful and would recommend it to others. Nonetheless, the piloting process raised important issues that we tried to address in iterative revisions. Some @entity1 found it hard to understand overdetection and why it is of concern, while there was often @entity911 about the distinction between overdetection and false positives. In a screening context, encountering balanced information rather than persuasion appears to be contrary to @entity1 's expectations, but @entity1 appreciated the opportunity to become better informed. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of overdetection is complex and new to the public. This study highlights some key challenges for communicating about this issue. It is important to clarify that overdetection differs from false positives in terms of its more serious consequences (overtreatment and associated harms). Screening decision aids also must clearly explain their purpose of facilitating informed choice. A staged approach to development and piloting of decision aids is recommended to further improve understanding of overdetection and support informed decision-making about screening.

title: Overdetection in XXXX screening: development and preliminary evaluation of a decision aid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Pregnant @entity19 infected with Toxoplasma by the vaginal route have been found to transmit @entity3252 to the placentas and fetuses in utero. The microorganism entered the blood stream of the mother from primary foci of @entity281 in the vaginal wall and produced disseminated lesions in the labyrinth of the allantoic placenta at the same time as other peripheral maternal tissues were involved. Placental lesions were observed in @entity19 infected with Toxoplasma by vagina between the 3rd and the 9th day of pregnancy. They consisted of microscopic foci of degeneration, without @entity32 , in the syncytial trophoblast, and parasites undergoing multiplication were readily identified in them. Here Toxoplasma gained access to the fetal circulation. Following the vaginal instillation of Toxoplasma on the 8th day of pregnancy, subinoculation of test animals revealed the parasites in the maternal peripheral and placental blood on the 13th day and later, while the first histopathologic changes in the placenta were found on the 17th day. Toxoplasma could be demonstrated in suspensions of fetal tissues on and after the 17th day by the injection of normal test animals. However, no @entity75 , or Toxoplasma, were found in histologic sections of fetuses 11 to 21 days old removed at autopsy from vaginally infected mothers. It is concluded that before birth the parasites were confined to the fetal blood. The experiments provide the first direct histological demonstration of placental @entity3252 . The possible bearing of the experimental disease on @entity1 @entity3251 is briefly considered. It is probable that a maternal @entity5895 during the latter part of pregnancy, whatever the portal of entry may be, is an essential factor in the pathogenesis of @entity1 @entity3251 and that this occurs shortly after exposure to Toxoplasma rather than in a later chronic stage of the @entity281 . The suggestion is offered that some instances of spontaneous @entity5617 in @entity1 , as in the @entity19 , may be due to inapparent @entity3252 .

title: @entity3251 . II. Transmission of XXXX to the placenta and fetus following @entity281 in the pregnant @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lesions of toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['placental and fetal toxoplasmosis', 'congenital toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['abortion or fetal death']

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['toxoplasmosis']


abstract: Sphere-forming abilities in culture condition are considered a hallmark of @entity5 stem-like cells, which represents @entity5 cell invasiveness and stem-like characteristics. We aimed to show that the sphere-forming subpopulation of @entity1 @entity320 cell line WM-266-4 acts differently to @entity3392 embryo extracts compared with their bulk counterpart. Spheres were maintained in neural stem cell culture conditions. The embryos of @entity3392 at specific developmental stages were collected and the extracts were purified under 100 kDa. Spheres were treated with embyo extracts and proliferation assay and immunocytochemistry were conducted. Spheroid cells expressed nestin and @entity63480 ( @entity63480 ) but not @entity320 antigen recognized by T-cells (MART)1, indicating their stem-like character. @entity3392 embryo extracts at 50% epiboly stage inhibited @entity320 bulk cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. However, sphere-forming abilities were significantly enhanced under 1 microg/mL concentration of 50% epiboly stage embryo extract treatment. Our findings implicate that we should consider cell subsets of a different character from the @entity5 origin that can respond differently to exogenous substances or @entity5 microenvironments. We suggest that @entity5 research should consider both minor stem-like subpopulations and the other major bulk @entity5 cells.

title: @entity3392 embryo extracts promote sphere-forming abilities of @entity1 XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity63480 :: ('378478(Tax:7955)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Zebrafish', 'zebrafish']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine safety aspects and vocal fold function after vocal fold augmentation with a cross-linked hyaluronan derivative (hylan B gel) as compared with @entity291 collagen. STUDY DESIGN; A prospective, randomized trial. METHODS: Eighty-three @entity1 with @entity1887 were treated with injection augmentation with hylan B gel and @entity291 collagen and were examined at 1, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Seventy @entity1 with unilateral vocal fold paresis (n = 35) or @entity194 (n = 35) were randomly assigned to receive either hylan B gel (n = 47) or collagen (n = 23) injections into one vocal fold. Thirteen @entity1 with @entity1887 caused by @entity2318 or paresis resulting from @entity5 were included in a nonrandomized group and were treated only with hylan B gel. Evaluations were made from @entity1 ' subjective ratings (visual analogue scales), digitized videostroboscopic measurements, phonetograms, maximum phonation time, and phonation quotients. RESULTS: Twelve months after injections, the @entity1 ' self-ratings were significantly improved for both the hylan B gel and the collagen groups. In addition, the videostroboscopic measurements showed significantly improved glottal closure for both groups. However, for the hylan B gel group, vibration amplitude and glottal area variations were preserved, and this group showed significantly less resorption at the injected vocal fold edge. Furthermore, maximum phonation time had increased significantly for the hylan B gel @entity1 (collagen, nonsignificant). No serious adverse events were observed; three @entity1 injected with hylan B gel had temporary inflammation at the injection site, which resolved without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that both hylan B gel and collagen can be safely used for injection treatment of @entity1887 . Both treatments resulted in significantly improved voice as rated by the @entity1 . However, the @entity1 treated with hylan B gel showed better vocal fold status and longer maximum phonation time at 12 months after treatment as compared with @entity1 treated with collagen.

title: Cross-linked hyaluronan used as augmentation substance for treatment of XXXX : safety aspects and vocal fold function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['scar defects']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['glottal insufficiency']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['glottal insufficiency']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite promising results using probiotics, evidence of the preventive effect on enamel demineralization is insufficient and the cariogenic potential of probiotics is still controversial. Probiotics could affect biofilm formation and interfere with adherence, growth or coaggregation with @entity6586 in biofilms. However, most of the studies have been conducted using planktonic bacteria. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of probiotic bacteria on the cariogenicity of @entity6586 using an in vitro biofilm caries model on enamel. Single-species biofilms ( @entity7653 , SM or @entity10263 LB21, LB) or dual-species biofilms simultaneously inoculated (SM + LB) or LB inoculated 8 h after SM (SM x2192; LB) were grown for 96 h. Biofilms were formed on @entity291 enamel saliva-coated slabs of known surface hardness (SH) and immersed in culture media. Biofilms were exposed 8 times per day to 10% @entity969 . Medium pH was monitored twice daily as a biofilm acidogenicity indicator. After 96 h, biofilms were collected to determine biomass and bacteria viability. Slab demineralization was calculated as percentage of SH loss (%SHL). Additionally, the model was tested with different concentrations of the initial inoculum (103, 106, 108 cells/ml) and different adhesion times (2 or 8 h). The dual-species biofilm revealed no LB effects on SM cariogenicity, without changes in acidogenicity or %SHL among groups (p > 0.05, n = 12). Lack of activity of LB on SM cariogenicity persisted even when 105 times higher concentration of the probiotic was tested. Coaggregation was not observed. In conclusion, findings suggest that LB does not reduce cariogenicity of SM in a validated experimental caries model.

title: Effect of the Probiotic @entity10263 LB21 on the Cariogenicity of XXXX in a Dual-Species Biofilm Model.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity10263 :: ('47715', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity7653 :: (210007,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans UA159']


abstract: A 69-yr-old @entity1 was admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery. Immediately after the discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass, she had a @entity1167 . A 13-min open-chest cardiac massage was followed by 70 min of cardiopulmonary bypass. Right @entity1158 and right extensor plantar reflex were noted after the @entity1 awakened. She had been included in a prospective study protocol measuring, before and after surgery, cerebral blood flow with transcranial Doppler (TCD). The data were retrospectively analyzed, and it was established that the TCD had recorded cerebral perfusion defects. This is the first case of acute @entity385 after @entity1167 with retrospective documentation of asymmetrical cerebral blood flow by a systematic postoperative TCD recording. IMPLICATIONS: Clinical neurological examination is often of limited value in deeply sedated @entity1 . This case report describes the early diagnosis of an @entity385 by using transcranial Doppler after cardiac surgery. Thus, transcranial Doppler could be used systematically for cerebral perfusion monitoring in @entity1 who have undergone major hemodynamic instabilities.

title: Transcranial Doppler: an early predictor of XXXX after @entity1167 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'circulatory arrest']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: 1. Vascular cells have evolved to use reactive @entity26 species (ROS), such as @entity224 and @entity273 , as signalling molecules. Under physiological conditions, ROS are important regulators of cell cycle, protein kinase activity and gene expression. However, in @entity455 states, such as @entity101 and hypercholesterolaemia, excessive production of ROS may overwhelm the anti-oxidant defence mechanisms of cells, resulting in 'oxidative stress', damage to the artery wall and, ultimately, development of @entity731 plaques. 2. The primary source of ROS in the vasculature is @entity1110 oxidase. There appear to be at least three isoforms of @entity1110 oxidase expressed in the vascular wall, each differing with respect to the @entity1785 -containing catalytic subunit it uses to transfer electrons from @entity1110 to molecular @entity26 . Thus, although endothelial cells and adventitial fibroblasts express a @entity1113 -containing @entity1110 oxidase similar to that originally identified in phagocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells may rely on novel homologues of @entity1113 , namely @entity24711 and @entity16228 , to produce @entity224 . 3. Controversy remains over which isoform(s) of @entity1110 oxidase is responsible for the oxidative stress associated with @entity455 . We and others have shown that although @entity1113 mRNA expression is upregulated during @entity731 in @entity1 and animal models, expression of the @entity16228 subunit remains unchanged. @entity24711 expression is also likely to be increased in diseased arteries; however, its relative level of expression, at least at the mRNA level, appears to be markedly lower than that of the other @entity1113 homologues, even after upregulation. 4. Whether these findings suggest that a @entity1113 -containing @entity1110 oxidase is more important than either @entity16228 or @entity24711 in @entity455 awaits studies examining relative protein expression and enzyme kinetics of each subunit, as well as the effects of targeted gene deletion of each of these @entity1113 homologues on @entity731 .

title: Novel isoforms of XXXX oxidase in vascular physiology and pathophysiology.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease', 'vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: An actuarial model was developed in the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study to predict violence in the community among @entity1 who have recently been discharged from @entity146 facilities. This model, called the multiple @entity3232 ( @entity3232 ) model, showed considerable accuracy in predicting violence in the construction sample. The purpose of the study reported here was to determine the validity of the multiple @entity3232 model in distinguishing between @entity1 with high and low risk of violence in the community when applied to a new sample of individuals. METHODS: Software incorporating the multiple @entity3232 model was administered with independent samples of acutely hospitalized civil @entity1 . @entity1 who were classified as having a high or a low risk of violence were followed in the community for 20 weeks after discharge. Violence included any battery with physical injury, use of a weapon, threats made with a weapon in hand, and @entity458 . RESULTS: Expected rates of violence in the low- and high-risk groups were 1 percent and 64 percent, respectively. Observed rates of violence in the low- and high-risk groups were 9 percent and 35 percent, respectively, when a strict definition of violence was used, and 9 percent and 49 percent, respectively, when a slightly more inclusive definition of violence was used. These findings may reflect the "shrinkage" expected in moving from construction to validation samples. CONCLUSIONS: The multiple @entity3232 model may be helpful to clinicians who are faced with making decisions about discharge planning for acutely hospitalized civil @entity1 .

title: An actuarial model of violence risk assessment for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual assault']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['ICT', 'iterative classification tree']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: @entity1 colostral secretory IgA (SIgA; predominantly present in dimeric of polymeric forms) induces receptors for the Fc portion of IgA ( @entity12712 ) on cloned and noncloned @entity1 T cell lines. The binding of SIgA to its FcR was isotype specific, since it was not inhibited by IgG or IgM. Binding of SIgA was also not affected by ovalbumin asialoglycoprotein. In addition, SIgA blocked the binding of directly @entity2822 -labeled SIgA in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas IgG and IgM were ineffective, confirming the specificity of the binding. Expression of @entity12712 was specifically induced by SIgA, whereas serum IgA (predominantly present in monomeric form) had no effect. In addition, IgG, IgM and IgE were ineffective. This induction of @entity12712 by SIgA was dose dependent. Optimal induction was observed at concentrations of 500 micrograms/ml after incubation times of 48 h. @entity12712 were predominantly induced on T cell lines and T cell clones derived from tonsils. T cell lines and T cell clones established from peripheral blood could only occasionally be induced to express @entity12712 . Induction of @entity12712 expression was obtained both with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones. @entity12712 were readily induced on T cell clones tested up to 6 days after activation by alloantigen. T cell clones tested 10-12 days after alloantigen activation failed to respond to SIgA. These results indicate that the inducibility of @entity12712 is related to the activation stage of the T cell clones.

title: Induction of the receptor for the Fc portion of IgA by secretory IgA on XXXX T cell lines and T cell clones.

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate recurrence and survival associated with adjuvant @entity3003 and @entity1311 chemotherapy interposed with involved field radiation for advanced @entity1204 . METHOD: This is a prospective cohort study of @entity1 with @entity5 treated at a single institution between April 2002 and July 2006. Adjuvant therapy consisted of 4 cycles of intravenous @entity1311 (175 mg/m(2)) and @entity3003 (350 mg/m(2)) every 3 weeks, followed by external beam radiotherapy (RT) to the pelvis (45 Gy), then another 2 cycles of chemotherapy. @entity2333 and/or @entity3831 vault brachytherapy were added at the discretion of the treating physician. @entity137 of this protocol was previously reported. Primary endpoints for this study were disease-free and @entity1349 rates. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 with a median age of 64 years (46-83 years) were evaluated. The majority had @entity5 (63%), and the most common histology was @entity189 (49%). Six cycles of combination chemotherapy were completed in 81%, and all @entity1 completed pelvic RT. Median follow-up was 30 months (9-71 months). Twenty-one @entity1 (49%) recurred at a median of 17 months (7-62 months). There were only 3 local recurrences, including 2 in the pelvis and 1 in the vagina/vulva. Median disease-free survival (DFS) was 50 months and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) has not been reached. Three year DFS and @entity1349 rates were 53% and 68%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant @entity3003 and @entity1311 chemotherapy interposed with involved field radiation is associated with a low rate of local recurrence and favorable survival for advanced @entity1204 .

title: Adjuvant XXXX and @entity1311 chemotherapy interposed with involved field radiation for advanced @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III and IV endometrial cancer', 'Stage IIIC disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['Para-aortic RT']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity483 or @entity484 , regardless of disease severity or activity, may develop @entity484 vaccinatum if they or their close contacts receive the @entity14333 vaccine. According to current recommendations, a preexposure vaccination program should identify these @entity1 and exclude them from participating. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of diagnosed @entity483 and @entity484 in a defined population and assess the sensitivity of screening questions to identify @entity1 who have received these diagnoses. DESIGN: Population-based prevalence survey and telephone interview. SETTING: 14 @entity10688 code regions in Wisconsin. @entity1 : @entity1 given a diagnosis of @entity483 or @entity484 in 2000 and 2001 were identified from a population-based cohort. @entity1 with a history of @entity483 diagnosed since 1979 were eligible for the telephone survey. MEASUREMENTS: Prevalence of diagnosed @entity483 or @entity484 ; proportions of respondents able to recall a past diagnosis of @entity483 , @entity484 , or recurrent @entity1910 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity483 or @entity484 diagnosis in 2000 or 2001 was 0.8%. At least 2.4% of the cohort would be ineligible for @entity14333 vaccination because of active @entity272 in themselves or household members. Among 94 adult respondents with @entity483 , 55 (59%) correctly self-reported @entity272 . Seventy-nine (60%) of 133 household contacts of adults with @entity483 correctly reported the presence of @entity272 in a household member. @entity272 in @entity1 with @entity483 was 70% (123 of 177). CONCLUSIONS: Identifying dermatologic contraindications to @entity14333 vaccination by relying only on a self-reported history of @entity1910 illnesses is likely to miss a substantial proportion of individuals who should not receive @entity14333 vaccine in a preexposure vaccination campaign.

title: Eczematous skin disease and recall of past diagnoses: implications for XXXX vaccination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease', 'Parental recall of skin disease']

answer: @entity14333 :: (10255,Species) :: ['smallpox']


abstract: Most @entity1 with @entity788 develop @entity5 . Treatment of obstruction is generally indicated to relieve symptoms and improve morbidity and mortality. First-line therapy consists of endoscopic biliary stent placement. Recent data comparing plastic stents to @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) has shown improved patency with @entity1702 . The decision of whether to treat obstruction and the means for doing so depends on the clinical scenario. For @entity1 with resectable disease, preoperative biliary decompression is only indicated when surgery will be delayed or complications of @entity1087 exist. For @entity1 with locally @entity1442 , self-expanding metal stents are superior to plastic stents for long-term patency. For @entity1 with @entity1442 , the choice of metallic or plastic stent depends on life expectancy. When endoscopic stent placement fails, percutaneous or surgical treatments are appropriate. Endoscopic therapy or surgical approach can be used to treat concomitant duodenal and @entity253 .

title: Managing XXXX in @entity788 : choosing the appropriate strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['SEMS', 'self-expanding metallic stents']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant biliary obstruction']


abstract: Measles, mumps and @entity2462 (MMR) vaccine has been used for almost 30 years in the US, 20 years in Sweden and Finland, and over 10 years in most of the rest of Europe. During this time, it has brought about a dramatic reduction in the morbidity and mortality due to measles and mumps, as well as a considerable reduction in the number of babies with the @entity13526 . In spite of extensive evidence confirming the efficacy and safety of the vaccine, concerns have recently been raised about a possible link with @entity2438 and bowel problems. These arose principally from a research group in the UK, but have now spread to other countries. In the UK this has caused a fall in the uptake of the vaccine with fears of possible outbreaks of measles and mumps in some groups of @entity1 . Over the last 3 years a number of studies have addressed this possible link between MMR and @entity2438 and @entity29 . Studies from the US, UK, Sweden, and Finland have all failed to demonstrate a link. Amongst others, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Royal College of Paediatrics and @entity1 Health, the Institute of Medicine, and the World Health Organization have all considered the evidence and endorsed the continuing use of the vaccine. No regulatory body in the world has changed its policy as a result of this hypothesized link. Professionals and parents can be assured that MMR is well tried and tested and one of the most successful interventions in healthcare.

title: Measles, mumps and XXXX vaccine, @entity2438 and @entity29 : advising concerned parents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity13526 :: ('MESH:D012410', 'Disease') :: ['congenital rubella syndrome']

answer: @entity2462 :: (MESH:D012409,Disease) :: ['rubella']


abstract: Ten clinical cases of @entity4094 of the ureter (NMDU) are reported. Eight @entity1 were young (24-38 years), two--of the middle age (41-58 years). NMDU was bilateral in two @entity1 . @entity1901 of the @entity8 occured in one case. One 28-year-old female with @entity8 had @entity2335 . Clinical picture of the disease was characterized primarily with acute @entity2885 , @entity158 and secondary urolithiasis. Surgical treatment consisted in resection of the affected part of the ureter with modeling of the lumen of the latter on the drainage and Boari plastic repair. Bilateral Boari operation was made in 2 @entity1 . In one case of @entity1901 and ureterocele direct ureterocystoanastomosis was created with good result. @entity8 into the intestinal transplant was made in the @entity1 with scar contracture of the detrusor and megaureter. Functional result of the operation was good. Complications were registered in 4 @entity1 , 2 of which were reoperated. In nine @entity1 of ten good and satisfactory functional results were obtained.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX of the ureter].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['congenital solitary kidney', 'Sigmocystoplasty with transplantation of the solitary kidney ureter', 'megaureter of the solitary kidney']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral achalasia', 'Ureteral achalasia']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: An evaluation of angiogenesis related molecules during open treatment of @entity1569 . MATERIALS AND SUBJECTS: Plasma samples and skin biopsies from 16 @entity1 with @entity1569 and plasma samples from 13 healthy controls. TREATMENT: @entity5616 300 mg orally twice daily for 6 months. METHODS: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) were determined by ELISA methods in plasma collected from the @entity1 before treatment and after 1, 3 and 6 months. Vessel counts were performed in biopsies from affected skin areas taken before treatment and after 3 and 6 months. The results were compared to simultaneous PASI scores. RESULTS: Pre-treatment plasma levels of @entity7 and @entity2289 were significantly elevated in @entity1 compared with levels in healthy @entity1 (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). The plasma levels decreased significantly during treatment (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively), and the decrease in combined levels correlated with the decrease in PASI score. However, the vessel density in affected skin did not change during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Increased pre-treatment levels of @entity7 and @entity2289 and decrease during improvement of the disease suggest that the two molecules may play a role in pathogenesis of @entity1569 .

title: Elevated plasma levels of @entity7 and @entity2289 decrease during improvement of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['Ranitidine']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']