abstract: @entity295 has been reported to cause @entity2383 and inhibition of key enzymes that regulate the @entity6626 ( @entity2974 ) cycle. We investigated the effect of @entity295 on high-energy @entity6546 , glycolytic and @entity2974 cycle intermediates, and specific @entity1522 that are involved in regulating the size of the @entity2974 cycle pool during changes in metabolic state of the heart. @entity295 was induced in 12 female @entity35 by the cecal ligation and perforation technique under @entity1508 anesthesia; seven control @entity35 underwent cecal manipulation without ligation. At 36-42 h postsurgery, the @entity35 were reanesthetized, the chest was opened, and the hearts were freeze-clamped. @entity9901 extracts of the hearts were analyzed with fluorometric enzymatic methods and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. There were no significant differences in the levels of the @entity2974 cycle intermediates or high-energy phosphates between the septic and control @entity35 . The major metabolic changes were the 28% decrease in @entity493 and the 31% decrease in @entity2227 in the septic hearts compared with control (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.005, respectively). @entity2945 , a component of membrane phospholipids, was increased by 91% in the septic hearts (P less than 0.01). We conclude that @entity295 does not impair the @entity2974 cycle or induce significant cellular @entity63 in the heart. The increase in @entity2945 may represent significant cellular membrane disruption during @entity295 .

title: XXXX does not impair @entity6626 cycle in the heart.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity9901 :: ('MESH:D010472', 'Chemical') :: ['Perchloric acid']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphocholine', 'phosphocholine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Sepsis']


abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) comprise a small subpopulation of lymphoid cells, with distinct morphologic features, surface phenotypes and a potent accessory function in T cell-dependent immune responses. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of a @entity5 promoter, @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ), and @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 on the accessory cell function of @entity19 spleen DCs in the primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (1 degree MLR) and oxidative mitogenesis (OM). A multi-step purification procedure was used to procure a highly enriched DC population from @entity19 spleen. The accessory cell activity of the DCs so obtained was much stronger than that of M phi s in both MLR and OM. The effects of @entity4515 , a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, on DC were dose-dependent. If pretreated with 50 ng/ml of @entity4515 for 3 h, DC activity was enhanced by about two-fold; whereas 200 ng/ml decreased DC activity with an inhibition rate of about 50%. However, in the latter situation, a moderate increase in DC activity was seen in the early phase of the response. When pretreated with 0.5-1.0 mumol/L @entity3365 for 6-8 h, the accessory cell activity of DCs was twice as potent as that of the control, and the enhancing effect was sustained in both MLR and OM. Our results indicate that the function of DCs, a cell type with constitutively high accessory cell activity, can be further promoted by @entity3365 or a low dose of @entity4515 . This is also circumstantial evidence of an up-regulation of DC activity via PKC activation and/or an increase in cytoplasmic @entity460 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX and @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 modulate the accessory cell function of @entity19 dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity4514 :: (MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['Phorbol myristate acetate']


abstract: We report a case of @entity2916 associated with bilateral @entity8 ( @entity359 ), @entity358 ( @entity3008 ) and @entity81 of hands and feet. A 42-year-old @entity1 who was diagnosed as @entity2916 at the age of 18 complained of @entity812 and abdominal fullness. Bilateral renal @entity359 were pointed out when complete examinations were performed for @entity101 at the age of 32. She suffered from severe @entity812 and @entity1661 due to the left @entity703 . Left nephrectomy and excision of the @entity703 were performed. The left @entity703 weighed 1120 g, the perirenal space was filled with the @entity5 . histopathological diagnosis of the left @entity703 and @entity703 was @entity3052 . In our case, bilateral pneumothorax appeared, and chest CT scan revealed bilateral multiple @entity358 . Histopathological diagnosis of @entity358 was @entity3008 . Other complications of our case are intracranial calcification and @entity2916 .

title: [ @entity2916 associated with @entity8 , @entity358 and XXXX : report of a case].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal angiomyolipomas']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['left flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma sebaceum', 'tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary cysts', 'pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['subungual fibroma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'renal hilar tumor']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['subungual fibroma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Various surgical modalities have been used in the surgical management of @entity2345 with variable results. This prospective study evaluates the efficacy of nasolabial flap in the reconstruction of @entity154 in surgical treatment of @entity2345 in terms of functional and esthetic outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this prospective study, we treated 20 @entity1 of @entity2345 surgically. The surgical protocol was consisting of bilateral fibrotomy, temporal myotomy, and coronoidotomy or coronoidectomy followed by reconstruction of @entity154 with bilateral extended nasolabial flaps. All @entity1 were prescribed with nutritional supplements and antioxidants. @entity2133 opening exercise was made compulsory for every @entity1 . Preoperative and postoperative evaluation was done for interincisal mouth opening, function of mastication, and cosmetic results. @entity1 's regular follow-up was done for 2  years. RESULTS: Postoperatively, we noted excellent increase in the interincisal mouth opening relieving trismus. @entity1 's ability to chew solid food was increased significantly. Extraoral scar was minimal and well accepted by all the @entity1 . There was no morbidity of the donor site. There was no @entity2123 in all cases. The only drawback was intraoral hair growth which went on reducing with mucosalization of the graft tissue. CONCLUSION: Random pattern nasolabial flap is a very good option for intraoral reconstruction of @entity154 in surgical treatment of @entity2345 with excellent functional and cosmetic results with minimal complications.

title: Efficacy of nasolabial flap in reconstruction of @entity154 in surgical management of XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotomy defect']

entities_list: @entity2345 :: ('MESH:D009914', 'Disease') :: ['oral submucous fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['Vigorous mouth']

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the facial nerve']

answer: @entity2345 :: (MESH:D009914,Disease) :: ['oral submucous fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 380 Background: Metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC) still represents a medical challenge in @entity5 therapy. In recent years the introduction of new targeted therapies has radically changed the approach to the disease and @entity1 outcome. Currently the therapeutic strongholds are TKIs directed against the @entity7 family. The aim of our study is to evaluate the potential predictive and prognostic role of @entity7 and @entity319 polymorphisms, in determining the clinical outcome of mRCC @entity1 receiving first-line @entity2240 . METHODS: 41 histologic samples (biopsies and surgical specimens) of mRCC @entity1 were tested for @entity7 , @entity9961 and @entity6758 ,2,3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). @entity1 @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were analyzed for first line treatment. RESULTS: @entity7 AIV @entity32539 @entity6344 polymorphism was statistically significant in @entity1349 (17 months for C vs 4 months for T; P = 0.0029) and @entity1349 (35.93 months for C vs 11 months for T; P = 0.0267). @entity7 AV @entity24280 @entity6407 was statistically significant for @entity1349 (17 months for A vs 3.97 months for C; P = 0.0023) and @entity1349 (35.93 months for A vs 10.98 for C; P = 0.0272). @entity7 AVI @entity24278 @entity9063 was significant in @entity1349 (16.98 months for G vs 4.65 for G/C vs 2.73 for C; P = 0.0188). VEGR3 III @entity65544 @entity6993 was significant in @entity1349 (8.22 months for C vs 2.22 for C/G; P = 0.0361) and @entity1349 (35.93 months for C vs 12.08 for C/G; P = 0.0183). CONCLUSIONS: In our analysis @entity1 with C polymorphism of rc833061 , A polymorphism @entity24280 and G polymorphism of @entity24278 seem to have a better @entity1349 and @entity1349 in first line. These polymorphisms of the @entity7 gene are probably connected with a better control of the neoangiogenesis process during TKIs therapy, maybe leading to vasculature normalization. @entity1 with C polymorphism of @entity65544 seem equally to have a favourable impact in first line therapy. @entity7802 role is still matter of debate but seems to be involved in vessels sprouting and architecture.

title: The role of XXXX @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity319 ( @entity319 ) polymorphisms in the prediction of clinical outcome for @entity1 with @entity1358 receiving first-line @entity2240 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C>T']

entities_list: @entity9063 :: ('c|SUB|G||C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['G>C']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6993 :: ('c|SUB|C||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C>G']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6407 :: ('c|SUB|A||C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A>C']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['progression free survival', 'OS', 'PFS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2247 is believed to be an important enzyme related to the pathogenesis of @entity14 ( @entity14 ). @entity876 has been reported to be a negative regulator of @entity2247 expression in in vitro studies. The aim of this study was to investigate @entity2247 expression and its relationship with nuclear @entity876 accumulation and their prognostic significance in @entity14 . METHODS: @entity2247 expression and nuclear @entity876 accumulation were examined by immunohistochemistry in 231 sporadic CRCs. Their prognostic significance and interrelationship were statistically evaluated. RESULTS: We found 42.4% of the 231 cases of CRCs with positive @entity2247 expression. Nuclear @entity876 accumulation was observed in 46.8% of cases. There was no significant correlation between @entity2247 expression and nuclear @entity876 accumulation. @entity2247 expression had no correlation with @entity1 survival, whereas nuclear @entity876 accumulation was significantly correlated with poor @entity1 survival on univariate and multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity2247 expression does not play a role in the prognosis of @entity14 and @entity2247 expression is not affected by the status of nuclear @entity876 accumulation in @entity14 . In addition, our findings support that nuclear @entity876 accumulation may be a useful prognostic marker for @entity1 with @entity14 .

title: Prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and nuclear @entity876 accumulation in XXXX with @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objective of this study is to identify a management or follow-up strategy for @entity1 with @entity1697 . A chart review of all @entity1 with @entity1697 over a 15-year period was performed. All @entity1 were followed for a minimum period of 5 years from initial diagnosis of oropharyngeal or @entity7552 . If @entity189 was demonstrated on subsequent biopsies, the exact time of this was recorded and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. In the laryngeal cohort, 45 @entity1 were identified, 15 (33%) developed @entity189 , 7 of 30 @entity1 (23%) with mild or moderate @entity1141 , compared with 8 of 15 (53%) with severe @entity1141 or @entity19933 (P = 0.01). @entity189 (87%) developed within 36 months of original biopsy. In the oral cohort, 32 @entity1 were identified, 17 (53%) developed @entity189 , 1 of 9 @entity1 (11%) with mild @entity1141 , compared with 8 of 12 (67%) with severe @entity1141 and 8 of 10 (80%) with @entity19933 (P < 0.001). Fifteen of the 17 @entity1 (88%) developed @entity189 within 36 months of original biopsy. In conclusion, although numbers are small, our results show that mild and moderate @entity7552 behaves differently to severe @entity1141 and @entity19933 . Mild @entity1697 also behaves differently to severe @entity1141 or @entity19933 . In general, progress to @entity5 happens within a 3-year period. @entity12341 or @entity19933 should be managed aggressively.

title: 15-Year review of @entity1697 and progression to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral dysplasia', 'laryngeal and oral dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Thirteen of the carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12341 :: ('MESH:C563736', 'Disease') :: ['Severe dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['invasive carcinoma']


abstract: To determine whether nutritional and metabolic factors affect the response to @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) 146 surgical @entity1 were classified according to their protein and metabolic status using direct measurements of body protein and metabolic expenditure. The @entity1 were grouped into four categories: category I, moderate to severe protein depletion without raised metabolic expenditure; category II, moderate to severe protein depletion with raised metabolic expenditure; category III, mild protein depletion without raised metabolic expenditure; and category IV, mild protein depletion with raised metabolic expenditure. After 2 weeks of @entity3147 @entity1 in category I gained a mean(s.e.m.) of 0.43(0.06) kg of body protein (P less than 0.001) and had significant rises in both plasma @entity69 and prealbumin (P less than 0.05); @entity1 in category II gained 0.30(0.11) kg of protein (P less than 0.005) and also had significant rises in @entity69 and prealbumin (P less than 0.05). @entity1 in category III lost 0.24(0.11) kg protein (P less than 0.05) and had no changes in either @entity69 or prealbumin and @entity1 in category IV lost 0.51(0.13) kg of body protein (P less than 0.001) and although there was a significant rise in plasma prealbumin there was no significant change in plasma @entity69 . When postoperative @entity1 were examined separately, they did not differ significantly from preoperative @entity1 except in category I, where their protein gain was only 0.19(0.10) kg, an amount not significantly different from that gained by @entity1 in category II. In each of the four categories described, the changes in total body protein occurring with 2 weeks of @entity3147 were determined by the relative effects of two competing processes; protein depletion and raised metabolic expenditure. With moderate to severe protein depletion (approximately 30 per cent depletion of body protein stores) there was a marked tendency to gain protein with @entity3147 . When the @entity1 had a raised metabolic expenditure or was postoperative this tendency of depleted @entity1 to gain protein was still present but it was less. With only mild protein depletion (approximately 10 per cent depletion) increases in metabolic expenditure made it difficult, if not impossible, to prevent continuing protein loss in spite of aggressive nutritional support. The @entity1 categories we have described determine the response to @entity3147 and form the basis of a new clinical classification of surgical @entity3147 .

title: Protein status and metabolic expenditure determine the response to @entity3147 --a new classification of surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'intravenous nutrition', 'IVN']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is a recently identified form of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) associated with exposure to industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants. Numerous studies have been conducted to test the association between industrial chemicals/environmental pollutants and @entity409 both in vivo and in vitro. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the article is to report a list of chemicals associated with @entity99 . METHODS: Two federal databases of rodent toxicology studies-Toxicological Reference Database (ToxRefDB; Environmental Protection Agency) and Chemical Effects in Biological Systems (CEBS, National Toxicology Program)-were searched for liver end points. Combined, these 2 databases archive nearly 2,000 rodent studies. Toxicant-associated @entity1560 (TASH) descriptors including @entity1560 , @entity39 , Oil red O-positive staining, @entity1560 , and lipid deposition were queried. RESULTS: Using these search terms, 123 chemicals associated with @entity1560 were identified. Pesticides and solvents were the most frequently identified chemicals, while @entity3215 ( @entity3215 )/ @entity11361 were the most potent. About 44% of identified compounds were pesticides or their intermediates, and >10% of pesticide registration studies in ToxRefDB were associated with @entity1560 . Fungicides and herbicides were more frequently associated with @entity1560 than insecticides. CONCLUSION: More research on pesticides, solvents, metals, and @entity3215 /dioxins in @entity1561 / @entity99 is warranted due to their association with @entity409 .

title: Identification of Environmental Chemicals Associated with the Development of Toxicant-associated Fatty XXXX in Rodents.

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty change', 'steatohepatitis', 'steatosis', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['fatty necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver disease', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['TAFLD', 'Toxicant-associated fatty liver disease']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A total of 160 Duroc*(Landrace*Large White) @entity1707 , 50% barrows and 50% gilts, of 28.3  4.52 kg of BW were used to study the effect of @entity376 ( @entity9108 ) restriction in the finisher period, on growth performances and serum and carcass and meat quality traits. The grower diet (from 30 to 90 kg BW) was slightly @entity9108 -restricted (7.8 g @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) @entity9108 /kg) in accordance with results from a previous trial. During the finisher period (90 to 130 kg BW), four experimental diets with decreasing @entity4628 @entity9108 contents (6.3, 5.6, 4.2 and 3.2 g/kg) were tested. Each of the eight treatments (two sexes*four levels of @entity9108 ) was replicated five times. Each replicate was a pen with four @entity1707 allocated together. When animals achieved 129  2.59 kg were slaughtered and carcass and meat characteristics were evaluated. No significant interaction sex*diet was found. During the finisher period, barrows grew faster (P<0.001) and ate more feed (P<0.001) but tended to be less efficient (P=0.055) than gilts. The @entity9108 restriction affected linearly (P<0.001) all productive performance traits; daily BW gain and feed intake decreased and feed conversion ratio increased. Also, the concentration of serum @entity1133 at slaughter tended to be higher in barrows than in gilts (P=0.065) and was reduced quadratically by the restriction of @entity9108 in feed (P<0.001). Carcasses from barrows had higher backfat thickness (P<0.01) and lower weight of main trimmed lean cuts (ham+shoulder+loin; P<0.05) than those from gilts. The @entity9108 restriction during the finisher period decreased carcass yield (quadratic; P<0.001) and the weight of major cuts (linear; P<0.001). Sex and diet had limited effect on meat characteristics; the @entity9108 restriction decreased quadratically the proportion of protein (P<0.01) and increased linearly the intramuscular fat (IMF) content (P<0.001). We can conclude that dietary @entity9108 restriction during finisher period in @entity1707 impaired growth performances and was not successful to increase the carcass fat deposition, although it could have positive effects on IMF proportion of pork.

title: Effects of sex and dietary XXXX on performances and serum and meat traits in finisher @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['SID', 'standardised ileal digestible']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['lysine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tenderness is one of the most important properties of meat quality, which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. As an intensively studied epigenetic marker, histone methylation, occurring on @entity369 and @entity376 residues, has pivotal regulatory functions on gene expression. To examine whether histone methylation involves in beef tenderness variation, we analyzed the transcriptome and H3K4me3 enrichment profiles of muscle strips obtained from the longissimus dorsi (LD) of Angus steers previously classify to the tender or tough group. We first plotted a global @entity291 H3K4me3 map on chromosomes and called peak-enriched regions and genes. We found that majorities of H3K4me3 on genes were occupying the first intron and intergenic regions and its maps displayed similar patterns in tender and tough groups, with high H3K4me3 enrichment surrounding the @entity1021 ( @entity1021 ). We also explored the relationship of H3K4me3 and gene expression. The results showed that H3K4me3 enrichment is highly positively correlated with gene expression across the whole genome. Cluster analysis results confirmed the relationship of H3K4me3 enrichment and gene expression. By using a pathway-based approach in genes with H3K4me3 enrichment in promoter regions from the tender cluster, we revealed that those genes involved in the development of different tissues-connective tissue, skeletal and muscular system and functional tissues-; while in tough group those genes engaged in cell death, lipid metabolism and small molecule biochemistry. The results from this study provide a deep insight into understanding of the mechanisms of epigenetic regulations in meat quality and beef tenderness.

title: Genome-Wide H3K4me3 Analysis in Angus XXXX with Divergent Tenderness.

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['transcription start site', 'TSS']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity205 was reported to be useful for @entity134 -resistant severe @entity31 in the short term, but limited data are available on the long-term follow-up of such @entity1 . Our aim was to assess the short- and long-term efficacy of combination therapy with @entity205 and @entity3317 for @entity134 -resistant @entity31 . METHODOLOGY: Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity31 who did not respond to @entity228 therapy, were treated with @entity3317 , and 9 @entity1 (43%) of them achieved complete remission. Twelve @entity1 (57%) who did not achieve complete remission by @entity3317 alone were given combination therapy with @entity205 and @entity3317 . RESULTS: In 12 @entity1 who received combined therapy with @entity205 and @entity3317 , clinical severity was distinctly improved in 11 @entity1 (92%) by combination therapy within 2 weeks and 7 @entity1 (58.3%) entered into complete remission with @entity3378 or @entity2983 alone. Two @entity1 (16.7%) demonstrated insufficient effect and continue to receive a lower dosage of @entity205 or corticosteroid. Three @entity1 (25%) failed to respond to the combination therapy and required colectomy. Three of 7 @entity1 who entered into remission relapsed 0.5, 5 and 5.5 months (average: 3.7 months) after @entity205 withdrawal, but the clinical severity at the time of relapse was milder than that at the beginning of the treatment, namely, moderate in 2 @entity1 , and mild in 1 @entity1 . There were no significant adverse effects in our series. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that oral @entity205 in combination with @entity3317 was highly effective for @entity31 refractory to corticosteroid or @entity3317 therapy and severe relapse was uncommon during several years of follow-up.

title: Efficacy of @entity205 with XXXX for refractory @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin', 'cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['corticotropin']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylazosulfapyridine']

answer: @entity3317 :: (MESH:D000324,Chemical) :: ['corticotropin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate the @entity1 tracheobronchial tree because of its unsurpassed ability to visualize the airway and surrounding structures. To establish an ideal animal model for studying @entity5142 , we assessed the size and morphology of the normal @entity95 's laryngotracheal airway by helical CT. We measured luminal dimensions at the levels of the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages and the first, third, and eighth tracheal rings. At all levels, the axial slices were used to calculate the maximum anteroposterior (AP) dimension, transverse dimension, and cross-sectional areas. We measured the tracheal length from the cricoid to the third and eighth tracheal rings on sagittal reformation. We assessed the hyoid, thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, and tracheal rings for the presence of @entity730 or soft tissue densities. We also addressed the presence or absence of pre-epiglottic and paraglottic fat. RESULTS: The mean AP tracheal dimension      standard deviation (SD) was 8.6      0.5  mm at the arytenoid level, 8.2      0.7  mm at the cricoid level, and 7.7      0.2  mm at the first @entity8276 level. The transverse tracheal dimension    SD was 5.3      0.1  mm at the arytenoid level, 5.5      0.5  mm at the cricoid level, and 6.1      0.6  mm at the first @entity8276 level. The mean tracheal area    SD was 35.7      2.2  mm(2) at the arytenoid level, 35.8      5.1  mm(2) at the cricoid level, and 39.2      4.3  mm(2) at the first @entity8276 level. The tracheal length    SD was 10.7      2.3  mm from the cricoid to the third @entity8276 and 19.1      1.14  mm to the eighth @entity8276 . There was complete calcification of the hyoid in all @entity95 . Only two @entity95 showed complete thyroid, arytenoid, or @entity730 . The remaining airway components were otherwise either uncalcified or partially calcified. The uvula, epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold, vallecula, piriform sinus, true/false vocal cords, and pre-epiglottic/paraglottic fat were not seen in any @entity95 . CONCLUSIONS: Helical CT investigation provides good, highly definitive anatomic details of the larynx and @entity825 in @entity95 . Such results may be used in further evaluation of the normal airway and in cases of @entity5142 .

title: Helical computed tomography scanning of the larynx and upper XXXX in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific', 'tracheal ring calcification']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal ring']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: Introduction. @entity360 represents the main indication for emergency endoscopy (EE). Lately, several hemostatic powders have been released to facilitate EE. Methods. We evaluated all EE in which Hemospray was used as primary or salvage therapy, with regard to short- and long-term hemostasis and complications. Results. We conducted 677 EE in 474 @entity1 (488 examinations in 344 @entity1 were @entity1729 ). Hemospray was applied during 35 examinations in 27 @entity1 (19 males), 33 during upper and 2 during lower endoscopy. It was used after previous treatment in 21 examinations (60%) and in 14 (40%) as salvage therapy. Short-term success was reached in 34 of 35 applications (97.1%), while long-term success occurred in 23 applications (65.7%). Similar long-term results were found after primary application (64,3%) or salvage therapy (66,7%). Rebleeding was found in malignant and extended @entity1066 . One major adverse event (2.8%) occurred with @entity356 after Hemospray application. Discussion. Hemospray achieved short-term hemostasis in virtually all cases. The long-term effect is mainly determined by the type of bleeding source, but not whether it was applied as first line or salvage therapy. But, even in the failures, @entity1 had benefit from hemodynamic stabilization and consecutive interventions in optimized conditions.

title: The Application of Hemospray in XXXX during Emergency Endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI endoscopies']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric perforation']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal Bleeding']


abstract: KEY POINTS: Asian @entity1 have a lower prevalence of @entity101 of pregnancy than Caucasian @entity1 . This is the first longitudinal study to investigate neural and humoral responses during pregnancy in Asians and Caucasians. The key finding was that Asians had attenuated sympathetic activation but enhanced renal-adrenal responsiveness during pregnancy compared to Caucasians. These results may provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms for racial differences in the prevalence of @entity101 during pregnancy. ABSTRACT: Asians have a lower prevalence of @entity101 of pregnancy than Caucasians. Since sympathetic overactivity and dysregulation of the @entity8 (e.g. low aldosterone levels) have been found in preeclamptic @entity1 , we hypothesized that Asians have lower muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and greater aldosterone concentrations during normal pregnancy than Caucasians. In a prospective study, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and MSNA were measured during supine and upright tilt (30  deg and 60  deg for 5  min each) in 9 Asians (32      1  years (mean      SEM)) and 12 Caucasians (29      1  years) during pre-, early ( <=8  weeks of gestation) and late (32-36  weeks) pregnancy, and post-partum (6-10  weeks after delivery). Supine MSNA increased with pregnancy in both groups (P  <  0.001); it was significantly lower in Asians than Caucasians (14      3 vs. 23      3  bursts  @entity1009 ) and 16      5 vs. 30      3  bursts  @entity1009 ) in early and late pregnancy, respectively; P  =  0.023). BP decreased during early pregnancy (P  <  0.001), but was restored during late pregnancy. HR increased during pregnancy (P  <  0.001) with no racial difference (P  =  0.758). MSNA increased during tilting and it was markedly lower in Asians than Caucasians in late pregnancy (31      6 vs. 49      3  bursts  @entity1009 ) at 60  deg tilt; P  =  0.003). Upright BP was lower in Asians, even in pre-pregnancy (P  =  0.006), and this racial difference persisted during pregnancy. Direct renin and aldosterone increased during pregnancy (both P  <  0.001); these hormones were greater in Asians (P  =  0.086 and P  =  0.014). Thus, Asians have less sympathetic activation but more upregulated renal-adrenal responses than Caucasians during pregnancy. These results may explain, at least in part, why Asian @entity1 are at low risk of @entity101 in pregnancy.

title: Asian @entity1 have attenuated sympathetic activation but enhanced renal-adrenal responses during pregnancy compared to Caucasian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal-adrenal system']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The @entity1 system @entity14890 transporter1 ( @entity16063 ) is one of the @entity16063 light chains and its gene has been mapped to chromosome 16q24. Our preliminary findings have indicated that in HeLa S3 cells there are transcripts whose @entity377 sequences are very similar but not identical to that of the @entity535 transporter. This study intends to examine whether these novel transcripts have biological significance through elucidating their genetic aspects and expression profiles in @entity1 cells. METHODS: The expression levels of the transcripts were quantified by real-time PCR analysis. Chromosomal mapping of the gene was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS: Three types of transcripts were identified and their @entity377 sequences were aligned with the chromosome 16p12 clone with high identity. They encoded 180- or 190- @entity535 proteins, showing 92-94% of @entity535 identity to the @entity1472 -terminal region of the @entity16063 (507 @entity1522 ). However, their 3' non-coding sequences did not show homology to the @entity377 sequence of the @entity535 transporter. Their genes were mapped to chromosome 16p11.2-p13.1 as low-copy repeats (LCRs). The transcription of one of these genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly up-regulated when the cells were stimulated with concanavalin A. CONCLUSION: We have characterized the three truncated paralogs of the @entity16063 gene. It is suggested that the expression of one of these paralogs may play an important role in the activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

title: Up-regulated expression of a novel gene in activated @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells that is a truncated paralog of the XXXX system @entity14890 transporter 1.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity14890 :: ('CHEBI:15705', 'Chemical') :: ['L-amino acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Widespread application of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) and the severe @entity295 resuscitation bundle is limited by clinician knowledge, skills and experience. This study evaluated use of simulation-based teaching during medical training to increase future clinician knowledge in the above therapies for severe @entity295 and @entity326 . METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed with medical students at all levels of training. A 5-h course including didactic lectures, skill workshops, and a simulated case scenario of @entity326 were administered to the @entity1 . A checklist including 21 tasks was completed during the @entity1 simulation. An 18-question pre-test, post-test and 2-week post-test were given. The @entity1 completed a survey at the end of the course. RESULTS: Sixty-three students were enrolled. There was statistical difference between the pre-test and each of the post-test scores: 57.5+/-13.0, 85.6+/-8.8, and 80.9+/-10.9%, respectively. 20.6% of @entity1 thought the pre-test was too difficult, whereas all @entity1 thought the post-test was either appropriate or too easy. The task performance during the simulated @entity326 @entity1 was 94.1+/-6.0%. The @entity1 noted improvements in their confidence levels at managing severe @entity295 and @entity326 , and agreed that the course should be a requirement during medical school training. CONCLUSIONS: Medical simulation is an effective method of educating EGDT and the severe @entity295 resuscitation bundle to medical students with limited experience in @entity1 care. The results suggest that our course may be of further benefit at increasing clinical experience with this intensive protocol for the management of severe @entity295 and @entity326 .

title: An educational course including medical simulation for early goal-directed therapy and the severe XXXX resuscitation bundle: an evaluation for medical student training.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) is synthesized by NO synthases (NOS), existing in 3 isoforms. NO influences a great variety of vital functions including vascular tone and neurotransmission. Under conditions of excessive formation, NO emerges as an important mediator of @entity2359 in a variety of @entity6220 (CNS). Inhibitors of NOS are available that may modify the activity of all isoforms, which may be of clinical relevance. The expression of the 3 NOS isoforms @entity2821 , @entity3623 and eNOS and NOS enzymatic activity was examined in 40 @entity1 with primary CNS @entity5 ( @entity11 WHO grades I - IV and meningeomas WHO grades I - III) and in 13 @entity1 with @entity3 from @entity420 or @entity320 . A polyclonal antibody directed against @entity2821 and monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity3623 and eNOS were used for immunohistochemical staining. NOS enzymatic activity, measured by labeled @entity369 to @entity7792 conversion, was assessed in tissue specimens obtained from the same @entity5 . NOS data were compared with clinical variables and the degree of @entity4 as judged from MR scanning. @entity2821 expression was increased in @entity5 cells of @entity66 and most pronounced in high-grade @entity5 , WHO grades III and IV, and in the @entity189 and @entity320 @entity3 . @entity11 , WHO grades I and II and meningeomas expressed no or only little @entity2821 . @entity3623 was only expressed in a few @entity5 . eNOS was expressed sporadically in the @entity5 cells while the expression was increased in vascular endothelial cells in both the @entity5 itself and the peritumoral area of @entity66 , and in @entity3 . eNOS expression was sporadic in endothelial cells of meningeomas. NOS enzymatic activities were heterogeneous among @entity5 types (0 - 13.8 pmol/min/mg of protein) without correlation to the NOS expression found by immunohistochemical techniques. Likewise, NOS activity and expression was not correlated to the clinical scores or @entity2657 . In conclusion, @entity2821 expression may be a putative useful indicator of @entity1313 differentiation and @entity5 . The enhanced expression of eNOS in vascular endothelial cells of @entity66 and @entity3 raises the possibility that NO production in @entity5 endothelial cells may contribute to @entity5 blood flow regulation and possibly @entity2657 .

title: @entity842 synthase expression and enzymatic activity in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'Low-grade gliomas']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanomas', 'melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After pancreatoduodenectomy in @entity1 with @entity850 or @entity3885 , it becomes problematic to maintain the upper abdominal organ blood flow, especially to the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the @entity850 caused by median arcuate ligament (MAL) compression and to classify it according to preoperative image findings. METHODS: From January 1989 to November 2010, 562 @entity1 underwent operations for diseases of the pancreatic head region in our department. To diagnose celiac artery compression by the MAL, angiography was used in the early period and 3-dimensional image reconstruction of multidetector-row computed tomography was used from 2004. The morphologic characteristics of the @entity850 were analyzed during intraoperative treatment. RESULTS: Twelve (2.1%) @entity1 were diagnosed with MAL compression, and 8 of these @entity1 only underwent MAL division to restore the celiac artery blood flow. One @entity1 required conservation of the collateral circulation, and 2 @entity1 needed arterial reconstruction. In the analysis of the level of origin of the @entity1593 , there were no remarkable differences between nonstenotic and stenotic cases, or between mild and severe stenotic cases. Morphologic grades were defined based on the preoperative image findings and consequent intraoperative treatments. CONCLUSION: Preoperative grading of @entity850 could make pancreatoduodenectomy safer with maintenance of the upper abdominal organ blood flow in @entity1 with MAL compression.

title: Classification of the XXXX owing to median arcuate ligament compression, based on severity of the @entity850 with subsequent proposals for management during pancreatoduodenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac axis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['celiac axis stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['celiac axis stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3807 ( @entity3807 ) is an uncommon, but increasingly recognized, disease. Autoimmune mechanisms probably participate in its pathogenesis. @entity1 have been treated with high-dose @entity230 and sometimes immunosuppressive drugs, resulting in @entity137 risk during prolonged treatments; thus, it would be wise to look for safer drugs. @entity3812 has antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive effects. Hence, it is a potential therapeutic resource. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. SETTING _ @entity1 : 7 consecutives @entity1 with @entity3807 diagnosed since 1993 at a navy hospital were prescribed @entity3812 plus @entity229 or deflazacort. After reaching a clinical response, the @entity134 dose was tapered, maintaining daily @entity3812 therapy. OUTCOMES _ MEASUREMENTS: Symptomatic improvement was defined as time to relief of symptoms; clinical improvement, time to normalization of inflammatory parameters with symptomatic improvement; radiological changes, percentage of decrease in retroperitoneal mass; recurrence, as the need to increase @entity134 dose or add immunosuppressors because of reactivation of inflammation; and treatment failure, as persistence of signs of @entity32 and/or decrease in retroperitoneal mass less than 50% and/or deterioration in kidney function at the last visit. RESULTS: At month 3 of treatment, all @entity1 had symptomatic improvement and 67% had clinical improvement. Between 8 and 12 months, 67% of @entity1 had a decrease in retroperitoneal mass greater than 50%. No recurrence or treatment failure was observed during follow-up (mean, 72.5 months). At the last visit, all @entity1 had a significant decrease in retroperitoneal mass (mean, 79.8% +/- 19.7%). One @entity1 died of @entity326 on day 21 of treatment. LIMITATIONS: This series did not have a control group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3812 in association with a low induction dose of @entity230 (<0.5 mg/kg/d) produced remission rates in @entity1 with @entity3807 similar to those for regimens using greater @entity134 doses alone or in combination with immunosuppressive drugs. In addition, @entity3812 may have contributed to recurrence prevention.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity3812 and @entity230 : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['active inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis', 'IRPF']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine', 'Colchicine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity3807 :: (MESH:D012185,Disease) :: ['idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activity levels in @entity1 early after @entity64 vary across the world. The primary aim of this study was to assess the variation in motor activity in @entity1 admitted to multiple @entity64 and to identify factors which explained the variation between hospitals. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were those less than 14  days after @entity64 , more than 18  years, not receiving palliative care. Activity levels, @entity1 present, and location were recorded by the use of a standard method of observation between 8 am and 5 pm. Hospital policy on serving meals in communal areas was also registered. Mixed general binomial model was used to analyze, which factors explained variation in activity levels between hospitals, after adjusting for age and @entity64 severity. RESULTS: A total of 393 @entity1 from 11 @entity64 units were included. The @entity1 spent 44.1% of the day in bed, 43.2% sitting out of bed, and 8.3% in higher motor activities (4.4% were not observed). Increased physical activity was associated with spending more time with a physical therapist, odds ratio (OR), 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.08, P  <  .001) and admitted to a hospital serving the meals in communal areas, OR, 1.46 (95% CI, 1.09-1.95, P = .011). CONCLUSIONS: Despite variation between the hospitals, @entity1 admitted to @entity64 spend most of the day out of bed. Time spent with a physical therapist and hospitals having a policy of serving meals in communal areas explained most of the variation in activity between hospitals.

title: Hospital Differences in Motor Activity Early after XXXX . A Comparison of 11 Norwegian @entity64 Units.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Norwegian stroke units']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We assessed sex differences in behavioural and neural responses to @entity158 stimuli in healthy subjects. METHODS: In age- and body mass index-matched healthy subjects (n   =   15 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ), rectal sensory and @entity158 thresholds were assessed with a pressure-controlled barostat device. The blood @entity26 level-dependent response during cued anticipation and @entity158 stimulation was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). @entity158 evaluations were accomplished with visual analogue scales. For fMRI data, region-of-interest (ROI) analyses and additional whole-brain analyses were carried out. RESULTS: There were no sex differences in rectal thresholds or @entity158 ratings. ROI analyses revealed comparable distension-induced activation of the thalamus, somatosensory cortex, insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Only in additional whole-brain analyses did we find increased activation in @entity1 in DLPFC and middle temporal gyrus during @entity158 anticipation and in the cerebellum and medial frontal gyrus during @entity158 . A significant inverse association between @entity158 threshold and distension-induced activation in virtually all ROIs was found in @entity1 . In @entity1 , @entity158 thresholds and insula activation were positively correlated, as were @entity158 ratings and anterior cingulate cortex activation. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy @entity1 and @entity1 do not differ in behavioural measures of @entity3825 sensitivity. The pattern of neural activation is comparable in the majority of @entity158 -processing brain regions, although @entity1 may differ in the activation of DLPFC which could reflect sex differences in @entity158 regulation. @entity1 with lower @entity158 thresholds showed greater neural responses, which may be relevant in the pathophysiology of @entity1931 .

title: Behavioural and neural correlates of XXXX sensitivity in healthy @entity1 and @entity1 : does sex matter?

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['visceral hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rectal pain', 'pain', 'Retrospective pain', 'cognitive-emotional pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity3825 :: (MESH:D059265,Disease) :: ['visceral pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of d  bridement and closed packing for @entity788 and to determine the optimal timing of surgical intervention based on @entity1 outcomes. METHODS: Between February 1990 and November 1996, 64 consecutive @entity1 with @entity788 were treated with necrosectomy followed by closed packing of the cavity with stuffed Penrose and closed suction drains. The mean APACHE II score immediately before surgery was 9, and 31% of the @entity1 had organ failure. @entity1 were stratified with an outcome score based on death and major complications; this was correlated with the timing of surgical intervention. The data were then subjected to cut-point analysis by sequential group comparison. RESULTS: @entity1 underwent surgery a median of 31 days after diagnosis. Fifty-six percent had infected @entity39 . The mortality rate was 6.2% and was no different in @entity39 . Eleven @entity1 required a second surgical procedure and 13 required percutaneous drainage; a single surgical procedure sufficed in 69%. Enteric fistulae occurred in 16% of @entity1 . The mean hospital stay after surgery was 41 days, and the interval until return to regular activities was 147 days. A significant negative correlation between duration of @entity788 and outcome scores was found, and sequential group comparison demonstrated that the change point at which significantly better outcomes were encountered was day 27. CONCLUSION: D  bridement of pancreatic @entity39 followed by closed packing and drainage is accomplished with a low mortality rate and reduced rates of complications and second surgical procedures. Although intervention is best deferred until the demarcation of @entity39 is complete, delay beyond the fourth week confers no additional advantage.

title: D  bridement and closed packing for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'infected or sterile necrosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['necrotizing pancreatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a @entity1 with a rare complication of @entity15381 induced by uncontrolled @entity814 ( @entity814 ) that was successfully treated with amniotic membrane transplantation in 1 eye and penetrating keratoplasty in the second eye. METHODS: Case report and literature review. RESULTS: A 9-month-old @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity814 was referred to our clinic because of @entity15381 . Slit-lamp examination of the right eye revealed 2 large @entity2687 with stromal thinning on the nasal and inferior regions of the right @entity267 . Left eye examination revealed a large area of melting involving two thirds of the @entity267 with @entity1035 and iris bulging on the temporal side and no anterior chamber. She underwent amniotic membrane transplantation on her right @entity267 and penetrating keratoplasty on her left @entity267 . Treatment after surgery included antibiotic and @entity134 eye drops and a special diet regimen with partial @entity815 intake. Examination under anesthesia 4 months after surgery revealed intact @entity735 and a clear corneal graft with a deep anterior chamber on her left eye. Intraocular pressure was normal in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity15381 , although a rare ophthalmic manifestation of @entity814 , can cause a severe @entity267 that may threaten the eyeball integrity. Surgical treatments with amniotic membrane graft and corneal transplantation, along with the appropriate diet treatment, were found to be effective procedures, yielding rapid healing of the corneal surface.

title: Use of amniotic membrane graft and corneal transplantation in a @entity1 with XXXX induced by uncontrolled @entity814 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['cornea', 'corneal injury']

entities_list: @entity1035 :: ('MESH:D057112', 'Disease') :: ['corneal perforation']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['PKU', 'phenylketonuria']

entities_list: @entity15381 :: ('MESH:C536156', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral keratomalacia', 'Bilateral keratomalacia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['cornea in her right eye']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal erosions']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity15381 :: (MESH:C536156,Disease) :: ['bilateral keratomalacia']


abstract: Transcriptional promoters comprise one of many classes of eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory elements. Identification and characterization of these elements are vital to understanding the complex network of @entity1 gene regulation. Using full-length cDNA sequences to identify @entity1021 ( @entity1021 ), we predicted more than 900 putative @entity1 transcriptional promoters in the ENCODE regions, representing a comprehensive sampling of promoters in 1% of the genome. We identified 387 fragments that function as promoters in at least one of 16 cell lines by measuring promoter activity in high-throughput transient transfection reporter assays. These positive functional results demonstrate widespread use of alternative promoters. We show a strong correlation between promoter activity and the corresponding endogenous RNA transcript levels, providing the first experimental quantitative estimate of promoter contribution to gene regulation. Finally, we identified functional regions within a randomly selected subset of 45 promoters using deletion analyses. These experiments showed that, on average, the sequence -300 to -50 bp of the @entity1021 positively contributes to core promoter activity. Interestingly, putative negative elements were identified -1000 to -500 bp upstream of the @entity1021 for 55% of genes tested. These data provide the largest and most comprehensive view of promoter function in the @entity1 genome.

title: Comprehensive analysis of transcriptional promoter structure and function in 1% of the XXXX genome.

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['transcription start sites', 'TSS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of malseating of the acetabular liner in ceramic-on-ceramic @entity572 ( @entity572 ). METHODS: Outcomes for 160 ceramic-on-ceramic THAs, contributed by 116 @entity1 and 39 @entity1 , were evaluated. Clinical and radiographic measurements were obtained over @entity1587 - to 15-year follow-up for analysis. RESULTS: Liner malseating was identified in 20% of cases. Outcomes for 32 cases with liner malseating (group A) were compared to outcomes for 128 joints with correct liner seating (group B). The Harris hip score at the last follow-up was 90.1 for group A and 89.6 for group B. @entity3061 was identified in 5 cases in group A (15.6%), compared to 3 cases in group B (P < .001). No significant between-group differences were identified with regard to ceramic @entity174 , audible squeaking, loosening of components, and revision @entity572 . The mean annual liner wear rate was comparable between groups, 0.0045 mm/y for group A and 0.0039 mm/y for group B. The 10-year Kaplan-Meier survivorship, based on an end point of revision @entity572 , was 100% for group A and 99.0% for group B. CONCLUSION: Over a moderate-length follow-up of 5-15 years, malseating of the acetabular liner was not associated with negative clinical outcomes or @entity572 survivorship. Malseating did increase the incidence of @entity3061 , a risk factor for adverse effects. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to fully quantify the effects of malseating of the acetabular liner.

title: Incidence of Ceramic Liner Malseating After Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Arthroplasty Associated With @entity3061 : XXXX - to 15-Year Follow-Up Study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['Osteolysis', 'osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

answer: @entity1587 :: (28884,Gene) :: ['A 5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the first days after @entity64 , one to two fifths of the @entity1 develop @entity221 or subfebrile temperatures. Body temperature is a strong prognostic factor after @entity64 . Pharmacological reduction of temperature in @entity1 with acute @entity64 may improve their functional outcome. Previously, we studied the effect of high dose (6 g daily) and low dose (3 g daily) @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) in a randomised placebo-controlled trial of 75 @entity1 with acute @entity385 . In the high-dose @entity1443 group, mean body temperature at 12 and 24 hours after start of treatment was 0.4 degrees C lower than in the placebo group. The effect of @entity5018 , another potent antipyretic drug, on body-core temperature in normothermic @entity1 has not been studied. AIM: The aim of the present trial is to study the effects of high-dose @entity1443 and @entity5018 on body temperature in @entity1 with acute @entity64 , and to study the safety of these treatments. DESIGN: Seventy-five (3 x 25) @entity1 with acute @entity64 confined to the anterior circulation will be randomised to treatment with either: 400 mg @entity5018 , 1000 mg @entity1443 , or with placebo 6 times daily during 5 days. Body-temperatures will be measured with a rectal electronic thermometer at the start of treatment and after 24 hours. An infrared tympanic thermometer will be used to monitor body temperature at 2-hour intervals during the first 24 hours and at 12-hour intervals thereafter. The primary outcome measure will be rectal temperature at 24 hours after the start of treatment. The study results will be analysed on an intent-to-treat basis, but an on-treatment analysis will also be performed. No formal interim analysis will be carried out.

title: PISA. The effect of XXXX ( @entity1443 ) and @entity5018 on body temperature in acute @entity64 : protocol for a phase II double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial [ISRCTN98608690].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol', 'acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: The incidence of @entity4963 has increased over the past two decades, with an increased number of cases in Internal Medicine and a prevalence ranging from 24% to 57%. This single-center retrospective study was performed to evaluate the epidemiology and the risk factors associated with mortality of @entity4963 in @entity1 admitted to Internal Medicine wards (IMWs) of the City of Health and Sciences, Molinette Hospital, Turin, from January 2004 to December 2012. For each @entity1 , demographic, clinical and microbiological data were collected. A case of @entity4963 was defined as a @entity1 with at least one blood culture positive for Candida spp. Amongst 670 episodes of @entity4963 , 274 (41%) episodes occurred in IMWs. The mortality was 39% and was associated at multivariate analysis with @entity295 , @entity82 and @entity16 , whilst removal of central venous catheter  <=48h was significantly associated with survival. In the 77 @entity1 treated with early antifungal therapy the mortality was 29% and was not significantly different with @entity11794 or @entity2380 , whilst in @entity1 with definitive therapy the mortality was significantly lower with @entity5626 compared to @entity2380 (11.7% Vs. 39%; p=0.0289), a finding confirmed by multivariate analysis. The mortality was significantly associated with @entity295 , @entity82 and @entity16 , whilst CVC removal  <=48h was associated with survival. In @entity1 with early therapy, @entity2380 or @entity11794 were equally effective. However, @entity5626 were significantly more effective as definitive treatment, a finding not explained by differences in treatment delays. Further studies are needed to understand the full potential of these different therapeutic strategies in IMWs.

title: The effect on mortality of @entity2380 or XXXX treatment in internal medicine wards.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemia']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity5626 :: (MESH:D054714,Chemical) :: ['echinocandins']


abstract: Polygraphic recordings were performed 22 times during a period of about two years on a 25-years-old @entity1 with the @entity5761 of the adult type. He had several generalized @entity410 initially when he was eight years old, and had the @entity5761 since the age of 17 years. The paroxysmal fast rhythm shown 214 times in the recordings, which appeared only in the light stage of sleep, was analyzed. The pattern of the paroxysms, and the relationship between the pattern and the clinical @entity410 was studied. The parozysms were composed of a series of spikes and slow spike and wave. They appeared diffuse and bilaterally synchronous. And so, were classafied these paroxysms into four types. A through D, from the differences of basic activity before appearance of the paroxysms, amplitude, frequency and fluctuation of amplitude and frequency. Consequently D type was thought to be different from the other types of the pattern in spite of the differences in frequency, fluctuation of that and duration of the discharge. All of the clinical @entity410 which appeared with these paroxysmal fast rhythms was local tonic @entity2473 in the lip. But D type never failed to associate with local tonic @entity2473 and usually developed generalized tonic @entity410 . Except for D type, it was shown obviously that the same local tonic @entity2473 appeared when the duration of the paroxysm was longer than 4.9 sec. We proposed the paroxysmal fast rhythm of a name "tonic @entity410 discharge" on the basis of the findings of this @entity1 .

title: The electroencephalographic study on adult-type XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5761 :: ('MESH:D065768', 'Disease') :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsions']

answer: @entity5761 :: (MESH:D065768,Disease) :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome']


abstract: @entity418 is the fourth most prevalent @entity5 in China. So far, the genetic events involved in @entity418 remain largely unknown. To identify chromosomal alterations in this disease, comparative genomic hybridization was performed on 25 primary @entity5 of @entity1721 . Results exhibited nonrandom copy number changes in chromosome DNA, with higher incidence in gain than in loss. The average gains and losses per @entity1 were 7.76 and 4, respectively. The most common gains were 3q (20/25), 1q (15/25), 8q (15/25), 20p (12/25), 20q (11/25), 5p (10/25), 15q (8/25), and 9q (8/25) with two minimal amplification loci mapped to chromosomal regions of 8q24 (2 cases) and 11q13 (7 cases). High-level amplification was observed at 3q (8 cases), 5p (4 cases), and 8q (4 cases). Losses at 3p (10/25), 13q (8/25), 18q (7/25), Xp (7/25), 4 (6/25), 9p (6/25), 14q (6/25), 18p (6/25), and 21q (6/25) were identified. Remarkably, ten cases showed both loss of the entire 3p and overrepresentation of almost the whole 3q. No significant differences in stage or grade of @entity5 were found for DNA copy number changes. The results provided candidate regions for potential oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes related to Chinese @entity418 , to which further molecular studies should be addressed.

title: Cytogenetic studies of XXXX in the northern Chinese population by comparative genomic hybridization.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) reduced mortality from @entity326 in a single-center trial. However, implementation of EGDT faces several barriers, including perceived costs and logistic difficulties. We conducted a decision analysis to explore the potential costs and consequences of EGDT implementation. DESIGN: Estimates of effectiveness and resource use were based on data from the original trial and published sources. Implementation costs and lifetime projections were modeled from published sources and tested in sensitivity analyses. We generated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios from the hospital (short-term) and U.S. societal (lifetime) perspectives, excluding nonhealthcare costs, and applying a 3% annual discount. SETTING: Simulation of an average U.S. emergency department. @entity1 : Total of 1,000 simulation cohorts (n = 263 for each cohort) of adult @entity1 with severe @entity295 / @entity326 . INTERVENTIONS: EGDT under three alternative implementation strategies: emergency department-based, mobile intensive care unit team, and intensive care unit-based (after emergency department transfer). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: For an average emergency department, we estimated 91 cases per yr, start-up costs from  12,973 (intensive care unit-based) to  26,952 (emergency department-based), and annual outlay of  100,113. EGDT reduced length of stay such that net hospital costs fell approximately 22.9% ( 8,413- 8,978). EGDT implementation had a 99.4% to 99.8% probability of being dominant (saved lives and costs) from the hospital perspective, and cost from  2,749 (intensive care unit-based) to  7019 (emergency department-based) per quality-adjusted life-yr with 96.7% to 97.7% probability of being < 20,000 per quality-adjusted life-yr from the societal perspective. The intensive care unit-based strategy was the least expensive, because of lower start-up costs, but also least effective, because of implementation delay, and all three strategies had similar cost-effectiveness ratios. Sensitivity analyses showed these estimates to be particularly sensitive to EGDT's effect on mortality and intensive care unit length of stay, but insensitive to other variables. CONCLUSIONS: EGDT has important start-up costs, and modest delivery costs, but assuming LOS and mortality are reduced, EGDT can be cost-saving to the hospital and associated with favorable lifetime cost-effectiveness projections.

title: Implementation of early goal-directed therapy for severe @entity295 and XXXX : A decision analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cervical @entity4066 is a major cause of @entity64 in young adults, yet despite standard treatment with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs, its management remains uncertain. The goal of this study was to assess the natural history of the disorder and to decide on the feasibility of a therapeutic trial. METHODS: Collaborating members of the Canadian @entity64 Consortium prospectively enrolled consecutively referred @entity1 with angiographically proven acute vertebral or carotid @entity4066 . Data recorded included clinical and radiological details, recurrence of @entity63 cerebral events, and medical or surgical treatment. RESULTS: Of 116 @entity1 , 67 had vertebral and 49 had carotid dissections, with no difference in age or sex. In 68 (59%), @entity130 occurred at the time of dissection. During the course of a 1-year follow-up, at least 17 @entity1 (15%) had recurrent transient @entity63 attacks, @entity64 , or death, mainly in the weeks immediately after the dissection. In 105 @entity1 with complete follow-up, the event rate in those treated with anticoagulants was 8.3% and in those treated with @entity117 was 12.4%, a nonsignificant difference of 4.1%. Using these data, we calculate that for a 2-arm trial ( @entity117 versus anticoagulants) with 80% power and 5% significance, 913 @entity1 are needed in each group. CONCLUSIONS: From our data indicating an initial relatively high recurrence rate, a multicenter trial of anticoagulants versus @entity117 involving a total of 2000 @entity1 is feasible.

title: Cervical XXXX : time for a therapeutic trial?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['arterial dissection']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

answer: @entity4066 :: (MESH:D020217,Disease) :: ['arterial dissection']


abstract: SCOPE: Dietary fibers capable of modifying gut barrier and microbiota homeostasis, affect the progression of @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). Here we aim to compare modulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs), natural soluble dietary fibers with different degrees of fermentability from chicory root, on @entity1723 development in non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Female NOD @entity19 were weaned to long and short chain ITFs [ @entity28841 (l) and @entity28841 (s), 5%] supplemented diet up to 24 weeks. @entity1723 incidence, pancreatic-gut immune responses, gut barrier function and microbiota composition were analyzed. @entity28841 (l) but not @entity28841 (s) supplementation dampened the incidence of @entity1723 . @entity28841 (l) promoted modulatory T cell responses, as evidenced by increased @entity3783 (+) @entity3744 (+) CD4(+) Treg cells, decreased @entity636 (+) CD4(+) Th17 cells and modulated cytokine production profile in the pancreas, spleen and colon. Furthermore, @entity28841 (l) suppressed @entity6198 - @entity13761 - @entity5796 - @entity635 inflammasome in the colon. Expression of barrier reinforcing tight junction proteins @entity8843 and @entity50397 , antimicrobial peptides b-defensin-1 and @entity20474 as well as SCFA production were enhanced by @entity28841 (l). Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that @entity28841 (l) enhanced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio to an anti-diabetogenic balance and enriched modulatory Ruminococcaceae and Lactobacilli. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that @entity28841 (l) but not @entity28841 (s) delays the development of @entity1723 via modulation of gut-pancreatic immunity, barrier function and microbiota homeostasis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Specific inulin-type fructan fibers protect against autoimmune XXXX by modulating gut immunity, barrier function and microbiota homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if topical administration of local anesthesia, applied to fresh skin-harvest sites, reduces @entity158 and analgesic requirements after surgery. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Nonopioid treatments for @entity158 after therapeutic procedures on @entity1 with burns have become popular because of the side effects associated with narcotics. The topical administration of local anesthesia originally offered little advantage because of poor epidermal penetration. METHODS: This study compares 2% @entity3303 with 0.5% @entity1341 or saline, topically applied after skin harvest, to determine what effect this may have on @entity158 and narcotic use. Sixty @entity1 with partial- or full-thickness burns to approximately 10% to 15% of their body were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 received normal saline, group 2 had 0.5% @entity1341 , and group 3 had 2% @entity3303 sprayed onto areas immediately after skin harvest. Blood samples were subsequently obtained to measure concentrations of the local anesthetic. Hemodynamic variables after surgery, wake-up times, emetic symptoms, @entity158 , and narcotic use were compared. RESULTS: Higher heart rates were noted in the placebo group than in those receiving @entity3303 or @entity1341 . No differences were noted in recovery from anesthesia or emetic symptoms. @entity158 scores were lower and 24-hour narcotic use was less in @entity1 who received @entity3303 . Plasma @entity3303 levels were greater than @entity1341 at all time points measured. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity3303 applied to skin-harvest sites produced an analgesic effect that reduced narcotic requirements compared with @entity1 who received @entity1341 or placebo. Local anesthetic solutions aerosolized onto skin-harvest sites did not affect healing or produce toxic blood concentrations.

title: Effect of topical local anesthetic application to skin harvest sites for @entity158 management in burn XXXX undergoing skin-grafting procedures.

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Compromised maxillary perfusion following Le @entity196 is a potentially serious complication resulting in hard and/or soft tissue loss. The aim of this study was to compare the change in perfusion between two techniques of posterior maxillary disjunction by intraoperative measurement of maxillary gingival blood flow (GBF). Further, we sought to correlate the association of the movement of the maxilla and estimated @entity190 as factors. The study population comprised 38 individuals, divided equally into two groups: a pterygoid disjunction group and a third molar socket disjunction group. GBF was measured using Doppler flowmetry. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. There was a significant drop in GBF in both groups. However, there was no significant difference between the groups based on magnitude of blood flow drop. Superior repositioning of the osteotomized maxilla caused the greatest drop in GBF, which was statistically significant. There was significantly less @entity190 in the pterygoid disjunction group. In conclusion, Le @entity196 causes a significant decrease in GBF. The technique used for posterior maxillary disjunction does not influence the magnitude of drop in perfusion. There is a significant correlation of other factors such as the effect of superior repositioning of the maxilla and @entity190 with the osteotomy techniques.

title: A comparative assessment of maxillary perfusion between two different Le XXXX techniques.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['Fort I osteotomy']

answer: @entity196 :: (MESH:D020754,Disease) :: ['Fort I osteotomy']


abstract: Because of the paucity of primate experimental models, the precise molecular mechanism of ischemic @entity528 remains unknown in @entity1 . This study focused on nonhuman primates to determine which cascade @entity39 or apoptosis is predominantly involved in the development of delayed (day 5) @entity528 in the hippocampal @entity1399 sector undergoing 20 min @entity63 . We investigated expression, activation, and/or translocation of micro-calpain, @entity3220 ( @entity3220 ), @entity522 , and @entity13779 ( @entity13779 ), as well as morphology of the postischemic @entity1399 neurons and DNA electrophoresis pattern. Immunoblotting showed sustained (immediately after @entity63 until day 5) and maximal (day 3) activation of micro-calpain. The immunoreactivity of activated micro-calpain became remarkable as coarse granules at lysosomes on day 2, while it translocated throughout the perikarya on day 3. The immunoreactivity of @entity3220 also showed a dynamic and concomitant translocation that was maximal on days 2-3, indicating calpain-mediated disruption of the lysosomal membrane after @entity63 . In contrast, immunoblotting demonstrated essentially no increase in the activated @entity522 at any time points after @entity63 , despite upregulation of @entity522 . Although expression of @entity13779 was slightly upregulated on day 1 or 2, or both, it was much less compared with lymph node or intestine tissues. Furthermore, light and electron microscopy showed @entity1712 @entity39 and membrane disruption without apoptotic body formation, while DNA electrophoresis did not show a ladder pattern, but rather a smear pattern. Sustained calpain activation and the resultant @entity2315 , rather than @entity13779 -mediated apoptosis, may cause @entity528 in primates.

title: Sustained calpain activation associated with @entity2315 executes @entity39 of the postischemic XXXX neurons in primates.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic coagulation']

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal rupture']

entities_list: @entity3220 :: ('3916', 'Gene') :: ['lysosome-associated membrane protein-1', 'LAMP-1']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity13779 :: ('1677', 'Gene') :: ['caspase-activated DNase', 'CAD']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death', 'ischemic neuronal necrosis']

answer: @entity1399 :: (759,Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: @entity8 predicts mortality in @entity1 with @entity583 but less is known about the impact of @entity8 on in-hospital mortality after @entity64 . All 361 @entity1 (185 @entity1 , 176 @entity1 ; mean age 72.1 years) with @entity64 and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 were followed-up. GFR was calculated according to abbreviated @entity8 ( @entity8 ) formula. @entity64 severity was determined by National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS). The mean GFR was 61.5 +/- 16.6 ml/min/1.73 m2. There were 49 (13.6%) in-hospital deaths. @entity1 who died had higher NIHSS (P = 0.0001), were older (P = 0.024), had lower GFR (P = 0.028), higher hs- @entity1851 (P = 0.001) and lower albumin (P = 0.048). No differences in presence of @entity6 and @entity101 , @entity165 (total, HDL and LDL), @entity1674 and BMI between @entity1 who died or survived were found. With univariate analysis association between in-hospital mortality and NIHSS (P = 0.0001), GFR (P = 0.041), total @entity165 (P = 0.021) and LDL @entity165 (P = 0.034) was found. With Cox multivariable regression analysis of risk factors, NIHSS (P = 0.0001), GFR (P = 0.018), total @entity165 (P = 0.008) and LDL @entity165 (P = 0.011) were only predictors of in-hospital mortality. In @entity1 with @entity64 , decreased GFR was associated with higher in-hospital mortality.

title: XXXX on in-hospital mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'MDRD', 'modification of diet in renal disease', 'Renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Ischaemic stroke--impact of renal dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of @entity1456 (tPA) in the treatment of severe fibrinous anterior chamber reactions after intraocular surgery. SETTING: Ophthalmology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. METHODS: The study comprised routine surgical and postoperative cases selected in a nonrandomized fashion. Low-dose tPA infusion (0.2 mL of 125 microg/mL) was administered through a side-port in the anterior chamber in 25 @entity1 with recent or long-standing fibrin formation after @entity231 extraction (n = 13), trabeculectomy (n = 5), combined procedure (n = 5), or penetrating keratoplasty (n = 2). @entity1 were treated 4 to 25 days postoperatively (mean 7 days). RESULTS: Fibrin lysis was observed 2 to 12 hours after tPA infusion. No @entity548 or other complications occurred, and no further treatment was necessary in any @entity1 . Three cases of delayed partial fibrin lysis resolved with intense topical @entity134 treatment. There were no recurrences over the 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose tPA was an effective and safe method for the management of anterior chamber fibrin formation. Treatment was well tolerated and gave excellent results with no complications.

title: Low-dose XXXX in the management of anterior chamber fibrin formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']


abstract: @entity2806 provokes @entity3145 by two major patho-physiological mechanisms. Direct cell @entity39 is induced by diminished access of neurons and glia to essential nutrients such as @entity413 and @entity26 leading to energy failure. A second factor of cellular loss is related to the activation of immune-competent cells within and around the primary @entity1188 . While granulocytes and presumably monocytes are linked to the no-reflow phenomenon, activated microglia cells and monocytes can release cytotoxic substrates, which cause delayed cell death. As a consequence the @entity1188 volume will increase, despite restoration of cerebral perfusion. In the past, visualization of immune competent cells was only possible by histological analysis of post-mortem tissue. However, contrast agents based on small particles of @entity1933 are known to accumulate in organs rich in cells with phagocytotic function. These particles can be tracked in vivo by MRI methods based on their relaxation properties. In the present study, the spatio-temporal distribution of USPIO particles was monitored in a @entity35 model of transient @entity385 using T1- and T2-weighted MRI sequences. USPIO were detected in vessels at 24 h after administration. At later time points specific accumulation of USPIO was observed within the infarcted hemisphere, with maximal signal enhancement on day 2. Their detectability based on T1-contrast disappeared between day 4 and day 7. Immuno-histochemically (IHC) stains confirmed the presence of macrophages, presumably blood-derived monocytes within areas of T1 signal enhancement. Direct visualization of @entity68 -burdened macrophages by IHC was only possible later than day 3 after occlusion.

title: In-vivo visualization of phagocytotic cells in XXXX brains after transient ischemia by USPIO.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overall survival in @entity157 @entity1 treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is influenced by both recurrence and successive treatments. We investigated post-recurrence survival after radiofrequency ablation. METHODS: Data on 103 early/intermediate @entity1 initially treated with radiofrequency ablation and followed for a median of 78 months (range 68-82) were retrospectively analysed. If @entity66 recurrence occurred within or contiguous to the previously treated area it was defined as local, otherwise as distant; recurrence classified as Barcelona Clinic @entity96 stage C was defined by neoplastic portal vein @entity715 or @entity3 . RESULTS: A total of 103 @entity1 were included (82.5% male; median age 70 years, range 39-86). During follow-up, 64 recurrences were observed. Median overall survival was 62 months (95% confidence interval: 54-78) and survival rates were 97%, 65% and 52% at 1, 4 and 5 years, respectively. Median post-recurrence survival was 22 months (95% confidence interval: 16-35). @entity1 -Pugh score, performance status, sum of @entity5 diameters at recurrence and recurrence patterns were independent predictors of post-recurrence survival. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity157 after radiofrequency ablation, clinical and @entity5 parameters assessed at relapse, in particular the type of recurrence pattern, influence post-recurrence survival.

title: Post-recurrence survival in XXXX after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post- @entity64 rehabilitation should begin immediately and continue while improvement is seen. After @entity64 , @entity1 are at risk of developing medical complications, which can hinder optimal recovery. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the incidence of complications occurring during early inpatient rehabilitation and to assess their influence on @entity1 ' functionality. METHODS: For 1075 @entity1 (585 @entity1 ), we recorded @entity51 , activities of everyday living, functionality before and after rehabilitation, and the incidence of complications. The main measure of functional outcome was the discharge Barthel Index score. RESULTS: At least one complication was reported by 76.9% of @entity1 , and 20% experienced three or more complications. The most common problems were: urinary tract infection (23.2%), @entity308 (18.9%), falls (17.9%), unstable @entity101 (17.6%), and shoulder @entity158 (14.9%). @entity1 with a  severe discharge disability were 2.5-fold more likely to experience complications than subjects with a  mild disability. CONCLUSIONS: Complications during the post @entity64 rehabilitation process had a  significantly decreased chance for improvement. Knowledge of the most common type of complications, as well as their early prevention and treatment, may improve @entity1 outcomes.

title: Effect of medical complications on the after- XXXX rehabilitation outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Alvarado score is the most widely used clinical prediction tool to facilitate decision-making in @entity1 with @entity697 , but it has not been validated in the black South African population, which has much wider differential diagnosis than developed world populations. We investigated the applicability of this score to our local population and sought to introduce a checklist for rural doctors to facilitate early referral. METHODS: We analyzed @entity1 with proven @entity698 for the period January 2008 to December 2012. Alvarado scores were retrospectively assigned based on @entity1 ' admission charts. We generated a clinical probability score (1-4 = low, 5-6 = intermediate, 7-10 = high). RESULTS: We studied 1000 @entity1 (54% male, median age 21 yr). Forty percent had inflamed, nonperforated appendices and 60% had perforated appendices. Alvarado scores were 1-4 in 20.9%, 5-6 in 35.7% and 7-10 in 43.4%, indicating low, intermediate and high clincial probability, respectively. In our subgroup analysis of 510 @entity1 without generalized @entity298 , Alvarado scores were 1-4 in 5.5%, 5-6 in 18.1% and 7-10 in 76.4%, indicating low, intermediate and high clinical probability, respectively. CONCLUSION: The widespread use of the Alvarado score has its merits, but its applicability in the black South African population is unclear, with a significant proportion of @entity1 with the disease being potentially missed. Further prospective validation of the Alvarado score and possible modification is needed to increase its relevance in our setting.

title: The accuracy of the Alvarado score in predicting XXXX in the black South African population needs to be validated.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A meta-analysis was performed to explore predicted factors of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) after surgery in the treatment for @entity528 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Many scholars have focused on @entity1211 after spine surgery, but as for the risk factors of @entity1211 have not reached a consensus. METHODS: An extensive search of literature, "spine or spinal," " @entity1211 " as key words, was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane library, CNKI, and WANFANG databases. The following variables were extracted: wearing elastic stocking, @entity101 ( @entity101 ), @entity299 , @entity6 , drinking, anticoagulant therapy, walking disability preoperation, smoking, sex, age, surgical duration, fusion versus nonfusion (lumbar fusion vs lumbar discectomy), surgical site (cervical vs lumbar), @entity190 , and body mass index. Data analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies were identified, including 34,597 @entity1 of whom 624 @entity1 had @entity1211 , and the incidence of @entity1211 was 2% in all @entity1 who underwent spine surgery. The incidence of @entity1211 for Asian @entity1 was 7.5%, compared with 1% @entity1211 for Occidental @entity1 ; the difference was significant (P<0.0001). The pooled analysis showed that there were significant differences regarding wearing elastic stocking (odds ratio [OR]=11.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.46, 94.00], P=0.02), walking disability preoperation (OR=4.80, 95% CI [2.53, 9.12], P<0.00001), surgical site (lumbar surgery) (OR=0.23, 95% CI [0.20, 0.27], P<0.00001), @entity101 (OR=1.59, 95% CI [1.21, 2.10], P=0.001), and @entity6 (OR=2.12, 95% CI [1.09, 4.10], P=0.03). However, there were no significant differences in @entity190 , @entity299 , smoking, sex, surgical duration, body mass index, surgical duration, anticoagulant therapy, wearing elastic stocking, fusion versus nonfusion, drinking, and age (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our meta-analysis, Asian @entity1 , @entity1 with walking disability preoperation, @entity1 wearing elastic stocking, @entity1 having undergone lumbar surgery, @entity1 with a history of @entity101 , and @entity1 experiencing @entity6 have a higher incidence of @entity1211 after spine surgery.

title: Factors predicting XXXX after spine surgery.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration," "after surgery or postoperation," and "venous thromboembolism', 'VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['spine degeneration diseases']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']