abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a multifactorial disease composed of cells that show somatic mutations and epigenetic changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of proteins involved in the development and maintenance of epithelia, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis in @entity1 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) tissue samples. METHODS: A tissue microarray containing 65 primary @entity1 @entity957 specimens was immunolabeled for @entity588 , survivin, @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity3544 , @entity876 , @entity4206 , and cleaved caspase-3. RESULTS: Samples were scored for percentage of positively stained @entity5 cells and staining intensity. A total immunostaining score was also calculated, using the product of percentage and intensity scores. All specimens showed high scores, > 75%, for @entity4206 and survivin, and 75.4% of the specimens also presented high @entity470 expression. All cases showed @entity876 -positive cells. @entity3544 showed a diffuse staining pattern. The percentage of cells positive for cleaved caspase-3 and @entity588 was low. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of @entity5 cells expressing @entity4206 and survivin highlights the role of these proteins in the @entity5 . Collectively, our results suggest that @entity4206 and survivin may constitute attractive targets for @entity5 therapy in @entity1 with @entity957 .

title: Immunoprofiling of XXXX reveals high @entity4206 and survivin expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of oral epithelium', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine cutoff values for defining remission, minimal disease activity, and parent and @entity1 acceptable symptom state in @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) using the @entity625 Activity Score (JADAS). METHODS: For the selection of cutoff values, data from a clinical database including 609 @entity1 with @entity4932 were used. Optimal cutoff values were determined against external criteria by calculating the 75th percentile of cumulative score distribution and through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. External criteria included formal definitions of inactive disease and minimal disease activity, subjective rating of remission by physicians, parents, and @entity1 , and rating of acceptable symptom state by parents and @entity1 . The choice of cutoffs was made based on clinical and statistical grounds. Cross-validation was performed using 4 @entity4932 @entity1 samples that included a total of 1,323 @entity1 , and was based on assessment of construct, discriminant, and predictive validity. RESULTS: With all versions of the JADAS, the cutoff score for classifying a @entity1 as having inactive disease was 1, whereas the cutoff for classification of minimal disease activity was 2 for oligoarticular @entity4932 and 3.8 for polyarticular @entity4932 . Cutoffs for physicians', parents', and @entity1 's subjective rating of remission ranged from 2 to 2.3. Cutoffs for acceptable symptom state ranged from 3.2 to 5.4 for parents and from 3 to 4.5 for @entity1 . Results of cross-validation analyses strongly supported the selected cutoff values. CONCLUSION: Cutoff values for classifying various disease states in @entity4932 using the JADAS were developed. In cross-validation analyses, they proved to have good construct and discriminant validity and ability to predict disease outcome.

title: Remission, minimal disease activity, and acceptable symptom state in @entity4932 : defining criteria based on the XXXX activity score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile Arthritis Disease']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['juvenile arthritis disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 ( @entity299 ) can be induced by both short and long period of pacing from the right ventricle. Although several mechanisms have been proposed in animal studies, mechanisms of @entity299 in @entity1 are not well studied. METHODS: A total of 46 @entity1 (20 females; mean age 46+/-13 years) with paroxysmal @entity4710 referred for catheter ablation were enrolled. After catheter ablation, @entity299 was induced by 20 min of pacing from right ventricular apex (RVA). The @entity299 was quantified as the difference of T wave area in each lead between baseline and after RVA pacing. After complete recovery from the induced @entity299 , @entity1855 (1.5 mg/kg; 0.005 mg/kg/min), @entity3303 (1 mg/kg; 2 mg/min), @entity1818 (10 mg/kg; 4 mg/min), and @entity12118 (0.6 mg sublingually; 5 microg/min), were given in 14, 10, 12, and 10 @entity1 respectively. The pacing procedure was repeated and the degrees of @entity299 were compared before and after each drug administered. RESULTS: The short-term @entity299 was demonstrated by changes in T wave area after RVA pacing in all @entity1 . The degrees of @entity299 were suppressed in @entity1 after @entity1855 and @entity3303 . In contrast, @entity1818 and @entity1242 had no significant effect on the degrees of @entity299 expression. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of short-term @entity299 can be suppressed by @entity1855 and @entity3303 but not by @entity1818 and @entity1242 . The results may suggest that short-term @entity299 in @entity1 can be modulated by @entity460 dependent process and the functional alternations of @entity1372 and @entity972 channels.

title: Effect of @entity1372 and XXXX channel blockers on short-term cardiac memory in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Cardiac memory']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Diffuse @entity11 , the most common type of @entity1313 , carry a dire prognosis and are poorly responsive to initial treatment. The response to treatment is typically evaluated by measurements obtained from radiographic images several months after the start of treatment; therefore, an early biomarker of @entity5 response would be useful for making early treatment decisions and for prognostic information. Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity11 were examined by diffusion MRI before treatment and 3 weeks later. These images were coregistered, and differences in @entity5 -water diffusion values were calculated as functional diffusion maps (fDM), which were correlated with the radiographic response, @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Changes in fDM at 3 weeks were closely associated with the radiographic response at 10 weeks. The percentage of the @entity5 undergoing a significant change in the diffusion of water (V(T)) was different between @entity1 with @entity74 ( @entity74 ) vs. @entity66 ( @entity66 ) (P < 0.001). @entity1 classified as @entity74 by fDM analysis at 3 weeks were found to have a shorter @entity1054 compared with @entity66 (median @entity1054 , 4.3 vs. 7.3 months; P < 0.04). By using fDM, early @entity1 stratification also was correlated with @entity1349 in the @entity74 group compared with @entity66 @entity1 (median survival, 8.0 vs. 18.2 months; P < 0.01). On the basis of fDM, @entity5 assessment provided an early biomarker for response, @entity1054 , and @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity11 . Further evaluation of this technique is warranted to determine whether it may be useful in the individualization of treatment or evaluation of the response in clinical protocols.

title: Evaluation of the functional diffusion map as an early biomarker of @entity1054 and @entity1349 in high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time-to-progression']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'shorter OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Two @entity1 with no history of previous @entity548 diatheses presented with active @entity548 from multiple body sites, declining hemoglobin levels, and markedly prolonged prothrombin times (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTT) with incomplete correction on PT mix assays. Both @entity1 demonstrated a severe @entity11888 (F.X) (<1%; reference range 60-150%). F.X levels and @entity548 were refractory to multiple transfusions of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in both @entity1 . In contrast, daily therapeutic plasma exchange (PLEX) with concomitant administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IV IgG) and @entity230 produced a rapid increase in F.X levels with cessation of @entity548 , followed by stabilization and normalization of F.X levels and progressive correction of coagulation times. Neither @entity1 has demonstrated a recurrence of the @entity548 tendency following discontinuation of @entity134 therapy. These @entity1 had transient acquired F. @entity1112 , a @entity1003 , which can result in a lethal @entity548 diathesis. An IgG inhibitor that selectively inhibited F.X activation in @entity9115 venom or tissue factor/F.VIIa assays was demonstrated in one @entity1 's pretreatment plasma. Previous treatment of @entity548 in transient acquired F. @entity1112 has been prothrombin complex and/or activated clotting concentrates, which can be associated with transient @entity49 states. This is the first reported use of PLEX in transient acquired F. @entity1112 . PLEX is safe, efficacious, and rapidly restores hemostasis in this rare acquired @entity3459 .

title: Successful treatment of transient acquired XXXX by plasmapheresis with concomitant intravenous immunoglobulin and steroid therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity9115 :: ('8707', 'Species') :: ["Russell's viper"]

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['rare coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity11888 :: ('MESH:D005171', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of factor X']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding disorder']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity11888 :: (MESH:D005171,Disease) :: ['factor X deficiency']


abstract: @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) and its @entity597 ( @entity2990 ), major naturally occurring precursors of both androgenic and estrogenic @entity230 , were shown in the present study to have convincing memory enhancing effects in @entity19 . Post-training intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of @entity2494 in @entity3733 (2 microliters) prevented the @entity2730 for footshock active avoidance training (FAAT) caused by the same volume of @entity3733 alone. @entity2990 significantly enhanced retention of FAAT in weakly trained @entity19 whether injected i.c.v. or s.c. immediately post-training or given in the drinking water for a 2-week period. In the latter instance @entity2990 was shown to facilitate retention of FAAT without enhancing acquisition. The maximally effective doses were: i.c.v., 162 ng/ @entity19 ; s.c., 700 micrograms/ @entity19 ; and oral, 1.45 mg/ @entity19 /day. @entity2990 administered i.c.v. occluded the amnestic effects of @entity11007 (inhibitor of protein synthesis) and @entity5591 (muscarinic cholinergic antagonist). There was a time-dependence of the facilitatory effects of post-training i.c.v. administration of @entity2990 on retention of FAAT, significant enhancement of retention being observed when it was given either immediately (within 2 min) or at 30 and 60 min after training, but not at 90 or 120 min. @entity2990 given i.c.v. also improved retention for step-down passive avoidance. In all instances, dose-dependent inverted U curves were obtained in a manner typical for memory enhancing substances. At a practical level, these experiments open new possibilities for the development of substances that may help in alleviating @entity2730 in @entity1 .

title: @entity2494 and its XXXX enhance memory retention in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnesia', 'amnesic disorders']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity11007 :: ('MESH:D000841', 'Chemical') :: ['anisomycin']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) is a cytokine that binds and activates an @entity5859 ( @entity5859 ) expressed on the surface of erythroid progenitor cells to promote erythropoiesis. While early studies suggested @entity5859 transcripts were expressed exclusively in the erythroid compartment, low-level @entity5859 transcripts were detected in nonhematopoietic tissues and @entity5 cell lines using sensitive RT-PCR methods. However due to the widespread use of nonspecific anti- @entity5859 antibodies there are conflicting data on @entity5859 protein expression. In @entity5 cell lines and normal @entity1 tissues examined with a specific and sensitive monoclonal antibody to @entity1 @entity5859 (A82), little/no @entity5859 protein was detected and it was not functional. In contrast, @entity5859 protein was reportedly detectable in a @entity0 tissues with an anti- @entity5859 polyclonal antibody (M-20), and functional responses to rHuEpo were reported with MCF-7 cells. In another study, a functional response was reported with the @entity2 cell line (NCI-H838) at physiological levels of rHuEpo. However, the specificity of M-20 is in question and the absence of appropriate negative controls raise questions about possible false-positive effects. Here we show that with A82, no @entity5859 protein was detectable in normal @entity1 and matching @entity5 tissues from breast, lung, @entity694 with little/no @entity5859 in MCF-7 and most other @entity0 cell lines. We show further that M-20 provides false positive staining with tissues and it binds to a non- @entity5859 protein that migrates at the same size as @entity5859 with MCF-7 lysates. @entity5859 protein was detectable with @entity1 cells, but no rHuEpo-induced phosphorylation of AKT, @entity4104 , pS6RP or @entity11715 was observed suggesting the @entity5859 was not functional. Taken together these results raise questions about the hypothesis that most @entity5 express high levels of functional @entity5859 protein.

title: XXXX receptors are not detectable in primary @entity1 @entity5 tissue samples.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and lung tumor', 'breast tumor cell line (MCF-7) and breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['Erythropoietin', 'Epo']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon, ovary and skin']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['Epo']


abstract: We report about our initial experience for the in 2005 modified Helex (Gore) device for closure of @entity118 ( @entity118 ) and persistent foramen ovale (PFO). Major changes were made at the delivery system for simplifying the Helex implantation procedure. We treated 11 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 and 3 adults, with ages between 3 and 62 years. In 10 @entity1 the diagnosis was a relevant @entity118 with @entity1284 of the right heart (Left to right shunts between 30 and 50%). One adult (age 58 years) have had a small left to right shunt with a PFO-like defect and the history of 2 neurologic embolic events. In 3 @entity1 we found 2 defects. In all @entity1 a Helex occluder was implanted successfully. The mean fluoroscopy time was 8,4 minutes. The immediate occlusion rate after 24 hours was 91%. In all cases there was a very good adaptation of the device to the anatomical structures. In this small series, the Helex occluder appears to offer a reliable system of occlusion for small and moderate ASDs and for @entity22105 with minimal risk of major complications.

title: First experience with the 2005 modified Gore Helex XXXX occluder system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['ASD']


abstract: Proteasomes can exist in several different molecular forms in @entity1 cells. The core 20S proteasome, containing the proteolytic sites, binds regulatory complexes at the ends of its cylindrical structure. Together with two 19S ATPase regulatory complexes it forms the 26S proteasome, which is involved in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The 20S proteasome can also bind 11S regulatory complexes (REG, PA28) which play a role in antigen processing, as do the three variable gamma-interferon-inducible catalytic beta-subunits (e.g. @entity10554 ). In the present study, we have investigated the subcellular distribution of the different forms of proteasomes using subunit specific antibodies. Both 20S proteasomes and their 19S regulatory complexes are found in nuclear, cytosolic and microsomal preparations isolated from @entity35 liver. @entity10554 was enriched approximately two-fold compared with core alpha-type proteasome subunits in the microsomal preparations. 20S proteasomes were more abundant than 26S proteasomes, both in liver and cultured cell lines. Interestingly, some significant differences were observed in the distribution of different subunits of the 19S regulatory complexes. S12, and to a lesser extent @entity7268 , were found to be relatively enriched in nuclear fractions from @entity35 liver, and immunofluorescent labelling of cultured cells with anti- @entity7268 antibodies showed stronger labelling in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. The REG was found to be localized predominantly in the cytoplasm. Three- to six-fold increases in the level of REG were observed following gamma-interferon treatment of cultured cells but gamma-interferon had no obvious effect on its subcellular distribution. These results demonstrate that different regulatory complexes and subpopulations of proteasomes have different distributions within @entity1 cells and, therefore, that the distribution is more complex than has been reported for @entity375 proteasomes.

title: Subcellular localization of proteasomes and their regulatory complexes in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Secondary @entity304 is uncommon in @entity1 and exceedingly rare after cranial radiotherapy. This report describes a 14-year-old female who presented with @entity851 as a result of a @entity976 , which was partially resected. A secondary @entity1276 responded well to shunting. She gradually developed a severe @entity2003 6 months after radiotherapy (54 Gray in 30 daily fractions of 1.8 Gray). In addition, her vigilance decreased. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images in the globus pallidus bilaterally. Nuclear scans indicated only a marginal striatal dopaminergic deficit and revealed decreased metabolism in the thalamus bilaterally. Treatment with @entity935 agonists resulted in minor improvement in motor function. Magnetic resonance imaging investigations 3 months later disclosed a decrease of signal intensity changes of the globus pallidus. Gradually, @entity2845 diminished slightly and vigilance increased little. In conclusion, secondary and partially reversible @entity304 can occur in @entity1 after radiotherapy. We suggest that focal @entity75 resulting from postradiation @entity455 led to dysfunction of the globus pallidus and thalamus.

title: Secondary XXXX in childhood: A rare complication after radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic-rigid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['edema secondary to microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: Immunosuppressive therapy with @entity205 (CsA) may be associated with severe side-effects such as nephrotoxicity and arterial @entity101 . The partial reversability of these effects suggests that they are at least in part functional. We examined the effects of CsA on cellular signaling in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from @entity35 aorta. Intracellular free @entity460 concentrations ([ @entity141 ]i) were measured using @entity593 . Total cell @entity460 was measured by atomic absorption and cellular endothelin production was estimated by radioimmunoassay. In the presence of CsA the @entity460 mobilizing effect of @entity1808 was significantly enhanced. While the ETA receptor antagonist @entity11344 did not affect Ang II-induced @entity460 mobilization, the potentiating effect of CsA on [ @entity141 ]i was blocked by @entity11344 . Preincubation of the cells with @entity205 (10 micrograms/ml) for 30 minutes increased total cell @entity460 from 2.6 +/- 0.5 to 6.9 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg protein (P < 0.01). Within 24 hours endothelin production was significantly enhanced in the presence of @entity205 (52.2 +/- 2.5 vs. 65.9 +/- 2.7 fmol/mg protein, P < 0.05). Therefore, the @entity205 -induced rise of total cell @entity460 in smooth muscle cells is associated with an enhanced production of endothelin. We speculate that @entity205 induced changes of @entity141 -kinetics may be mediated by endothelin. These results indicate that endothelin may play a major role in @entity205 -associated side-effects.

title: Cellular mechanisms of XXXX -associated side-effects: role of endothelin.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine A']


abstract: @entity169 are one of the most common reasons a primary care @entity1 may need referral for surgical intervention. The history and physical examination are usually sufficient to make the diagnosis. Symptomatic @entity1 often have groin @entity158 , which can sometimes be severe. @entity169 may cause a burning, gurgling, or aching sensation in the groin, and a heavy or dragging sensation may worsen toward the end of the day and after prolonged activity. An abdominal bulge may disappear when the @entity1 is in the prone position. Examination involves feeling for a bulge or impulse while the @entity1 coughs or strains. Although imaging is rarely warranted, ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging can help diagnose a @entity547 in an athlete without a palpable impulse or bulge on physical examination. Ultrasonography may also be indicated with a recurrent @entity547 or suspected hydrocele, when the diagnosis is uncertain, or if there are surgical complications. Although most @entity547 are repaired, surgical intervention is not always necessary, such as with a small, minimally symptomatic @entity547 . If repair is necessary, the @entity1 should be counseled about whether an open or laparoscopic technique is best. @entity532 and @entity547 are uncommon. However, a @entity1 with a recurrent @entity547 should be referred to the original surgeon, if possible.

title: XXXX : diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias', 'hernia recurrences']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['Inguinal hernias']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['Inguinal hernias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few reports about work-related factors associated with @entity244 . We report a case of @entity3928 with @entity244 and @entity785 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old @entity1 was admitted due to @entity1353 on exertion. The results of physical examination and laboratory findings were compatible with @entity244 with @entity785 . The @entity1 had no pre-existing @entity792 , and denied family history of @entity792 . The @entity1 worked in the large-scale rolling department of a steel manufacturing company for 25  years. Hot rolling is a rolling process performed at between 1100    C and 1200    C, generating a high temperature and a large amount of fumes, involving jet-spraying of water throughout the process to remove the instantaneously generated @entity8369 film and prevent the high generation of fumes. In this process, workers could be exposed to @entity3440 produced by thermal oxidation. Other potential toxic substances including @entity3406 and @entity921 seemed to be less likely associated with the @entity1 's clinical manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposure to @entity3440 seemed to be associated with the @entity1 's clinical manifestations of @entity3928 with @entity244 and @entity785 . Although the underlying mechanism is still unclear, @entity792 including @entity244 affects @entity1 more often than @entity1 and there was no family history of @entity792 . These suggested that there was an association between occupational @entity3440 exposure and the disease of the @entity1 . Future research about the association between long-term low dose exposure to @entity3440 and the development of @entity792 should be encouraged.

title: XXXX with @entity244 and @entity785 in a steel rolling mill worker: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['overlap syndrome']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity3928 :: (MESH:C536030,Disease) :: ['Overlap syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) are a heterogeneous group of @entity74 with a complex genetic aetiology. The aim of this study was to identify copy number variations (CNVs) with a clinical significance for @entity2438 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Array-based comparative genomic hybridization was applied to detect CNVs in a clinically well-characterized population of 50 @entity1 and adolescents with @entity2438 . RESULTS: Nine CNVs with predicted clinical significance were identified among eight individuals (detection rate 16%). Three of the CNVs are recurrently associated with @entity72 (15q11.2q13.1) or have been identified in @entity2438 populations [3p14.2 and t(8;12)(p23.1;p13.31)]. The remaining regions (15q11.2, 10q21.1, Xp22.2, 16p13.3 and 22q13.1) have not been reported previously as candidate genes for @entity2438 . CONCLUSION: This study identified five novel CNVs among the individuals. The causal relationship between identified CNVs and the @entity2438 phenotype is not fully established. However, the genes involved are associated with @entity2438 and/or other @entity146 , or implicated in synaptic and neuronal activity, thus suggesting clinical significance. Further identification of @entity2438 -associated CNVs is required, together with a broad clinical characterization of affected individuals to identify genotype-phenotype correlations.

title: Copy number variation findings among 50 @entity1 and adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASDs', 'Autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopment disorders']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorder']


abstract: Numerous studies implicated @entity1534 as one causative agent producing @entity3621 and @entity2210 . Recent reports focus on another bacterium, Gastrospirillum hominis, as a possible pathogen producing @entity3621 . We report a 30-year-old researcher who became acutely ill with @entity158 indicative of @entity2910 or @entity10189 . @entity3621 and a gastric ulcer were observed endoscopically. Histological examination of the gastric mucosa revealed an acute @entity3621 and large spiral-shaped organisms. The spiral forms were present in large quantities in the gastric mucosa of experimental animals ( @entity468 ) handled by the @entity1 in his research. Electron microscopy confirmed that the organisms from the cat and @entity1 were morphologically identical. The @entity1 was successfully treated with @entity19019 . His symptoms resolved and the organisms were cleared from his stomach. This study provides evidence that another bacterium, a Gastrospirillum, may cause @entity3621 in @entity1 and may be transmitted from animal to @entity1 .

title: Acute @entity3621 associated with spiral organisms from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity19019 :: ('MESH:C015715', 'Chemical') :: ['bismuth subsalicylate']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis', 'Gastritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: The ability of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to modify the clinical manifestations of @entity158 associated with @entity717 was assessed. Sixty-nine @entity468 with acute or @entity146 were recruited from 14 first opinion UK veterinary practices and randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups. Group A received @entity9213 drops (0.3 mg/kg orally on day 1 followed by 0.1 mg/kg daily for four more consecutive days) and group B received @entity7988 tablets (1.0 mg/kg orally once daily for five days). Each cat underwent a full clinical examination before treatment, 24 hours after initiation of treatment and 24 hours after completion of treatment. General clinical parameters (demeanour and feed intake) and specific @entity717 (weightbearing, @entity1273 , @entity32 and @entity158 on palpation) were scored using a discontinuous scale scoring system. The two groups did not differ in terms of age, weight, gender distribution or duration of clinical signs; nor did they differ in terms of general clinical or specific locomotor scores pretreatment. Both treatment regimens resulted in a significant improvement in demeanour, feed intake and weightbearing, and a significant @entity1273 , @entity158 on palpation and @entity32 . No significant difference was observed between the two treatment groups with respect to any of the parameters measured and both treatments were associated with minimal observed side effects. @entity9213 and @entity7988 were found to be effective analgesics and well tolerated in @entity468 with acute or @entity146 when administered for short-term treatment (five days) in such cases. However, @entity9213 was assessed to be significantly more palatable than @entity7988 .

title: Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of XXXX in @entity468 with painful locomotor disorders.

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor disease', 'locomotor parameters']

entities_list: @entity1273 :: ('MESH:D007794', 'Disease') :: ['lameness', 'reduction in lameness']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['chronic locomotor disorders']

entities_list: @entity9213 :: ('MESH:C065757', 'Chemical') :: ['meloxicam', 'Meloxicam']

answer: @entity9213 :: (MESH:C065757,Chemical) :: ['meloxicam']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Religious issues may be neglected by clinicians who are treating @entity716 @entity1 , even when religion constitutes an important means of coping. This study examined the spirituality and religious practices of outpatients with @entity161 compared with their clinicians. Clinicians' knowledge of @entity1 ' religious involvement and spirituality was investigated. METHODS: The study sample included 100 @entity1 of public @entity146 outpatient facilities in Geneva, Switzerland, with a diagnosis of nonaffective @entity716 . Audiotaped interviews were conducted with use of a semistructured interview about spirituality and religious coping. The @entity1 ' clinicians (N=34) were asked about their own beliefs and religious activities as well as their @entity1 ' religious and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 (16 percent) had positive @entity716 symptoms reflecting aspects of their religious beliefs. A majority of the @entity1 reported that religion was an important aspect of their lives, but only 36 percent of them had raised this issue with their clinicians. Fewer clinicians were religiously involved, and, in half the cases, their perceptions of @entity1 ' religious involvement were inaccurate. A few @entity1 considered religious practice to be incompatible with treatment, and clinicians were seldom aware of such a conflict. CONCLUSIONS: Religion is an important issue for @entity1 with @entity161 , and it is often not related to the content of their delusions. Clinicians were commonly not aware of their @entity1 ' religious involvement, even if they reported feeling comfortable with such an issue.

title: Spirituality and religious practices among outpatients with XXXX and their clinicians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the postoperative course of @entity1 in the Dutch nationwide randomised trial of R1 (conventional) compared with R2 resection (including extended lymph node dissection) in the treatment of @entity356 . DESIGN: Prospective randomised controlled trial. SETTING: National multicentre trial with 72 participating hospitals in The Netherlands. SUBJECTS: 192 @entity1 who were operated on between August 1989 and May 1990. INTERVENTIONS: 96 @entity1 were randomised for a R1, and 96 for a R2 resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity and mortality among 131 @entity1 (64 R1 and 67 R2) for whom the resection was performed with curative intent. RESULTS: The groups were comparable for age, sex, type of resection, site of @entity5 and depth of invasion. Complications developed in 23 R1 (36%) and in 29 R2 @entity1 (43%). Seven @entity1 died in the postoperative period. Median hospital stay was significantly longer after R2 (18 days, range 7-122) than after R1 resection (15 days, range 2-63) (p < 0.05). Morbidity and mortality among the @entity1 whose R2 resection was done by the Japanese instructor (n = 34) did not differ significantly from those among @entity1 operated on by the Dutch supervisors (n = 33), but those operated on by the Japanese instructor stayed in hospital significantly longer (20 compared with 16 days, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: If R2 resections are carried out by properly trained surgeons under supervision, they can be done safely. The reported high morbidity after R2 resection in Western countries seems to result from a lack of proper instruction and quality control.

title: R2 compared with R1 resection for XXXX : morbidity and mortality in a prospective, randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The NodL and NodJ nodulation proteins have been described in different Rhizobium and @entity19062 species. The nodLJ genes belong to the nod regulon. Other genes from this regulon are involved in the biosynthesis and modification of lipo-oligosaccharide molecule(s) which are morphogenic signals when acting on legume roots. It has been proposed that the NodL and NodJ proteins belong to a bacterial inner membrane transport system of small molecules. @entity377 sequencing of Mudll PR13 insertions in the nodulation region of the symbiotic plasmid from a @entity14441 . phaseoli strain CE3 has revealed the presence of nodL and nodJ-related sequences downstream of nodC. Computer nucleotide sequence analysis of the entire NodL and NodJ sequences from @entity14441 . viciae and @entity19062 strains show that both proteins are similar to the KpsT and KpsM proteins from @entity526 K1 and K5 strains, to the BexB and BexA proteins from Haemophilis influenzae and to the CtrD and CtrC proteins from @entity3631 , respectively. Except for the NodL and NodJ proteins, all of them have been involved in the mechanism of secretion of polysaccharides in each of their harbouring species. On the basis of the similarity found, we propose that the NodL and the NodJ proteins could be involved in the export of a lipo-oligosaccharide.

title: The NodL and NodJ proteins from Rhizobium and XXXX strains are similar to capsular polysaccharide secretion proteins from gram-negative bacteria.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['Nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity14441 :: ('384', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium leguminosarum bv', 'R. leguminosarum bv']

entities_list: @entity19062 :: ('375', 'Species') :: ['Bradyrhizobium', 'Bradyrhizobium japonicum']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity19062 :: (375,Species) :: ['Bradyrhizobium']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of mild @entity3562 as a risk factor for @entity2806 may depend on @entity64 subtype. To test this hypothesis, we undertook a prospective case-control study of a group of @entity1 with spontaneous cervical @entity4066 (sCAD), a group of @entity1 with @entity64 (non-CAD), and a group of control subjects. METHODS: Fasting total plasma @entity1255 (tHcy) concentration, @entity9770 @entity9769 genotype, and 844ins68bp CBS genotype were determined in 25 @entity1 with sCAD, 31 @entity1 <45 years of age with non-CAD @entity385 , and 36 control subjects. Biochemical data in the @entity1 groups were obtained within the first 72 hours of @entity64 onset. RESULTS: Median tHcy levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with sCAD (13.2 micromol/L; range, 7 to 32.8 micromol/L) compared with control subjects (8.9 micromol/L; range, 5 to 17.3 micromol/L; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.52; P=0.006). Cases with tHcy concentration above the cutoff level of 12 micromol/L were significantly more represented in the group of @entity1 with sCAD compared with control subjects (64% versus 13.9%; 95% CI, 2.25 to 44.23; P=0.003); a significant association between the @entity9769 TT genotype and sCAD was also observed (36% versus 11.1%; 95% CI, 1.10 to 19.23; P=0.045). No significant difference in tHcy levels and in the prevalence of thermolabile @entity9769 was found between @entity1 with non-CAD @entity385 and control subjects and between @entity1 with sCAD and non-CAD @entity385 . The distribution of the 844ins68bp CBS genotype and the prevalence of subjects carrying both the TT @entity9769 and 844ins68bp CBS genotypes were not significantly different among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that increased plasma @entity1255 levels and the TT @entity9769 genotype may represent risk factors for sCAD. In contrast, their role in @entity64 remains a contentious issue.

title: Plasma @entity1255 concentration, @entity9770 XXXX genotype, and 844ins68bp CBS genotype in young adults with spontaneous cervical @entity4066 and @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic stroke', 'stroke', 'atherothrombotic strokes']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity9769 :: (4524,Gene) :: ['MTHFR']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Normal salivary flow is important for maintaining good oral hygiene. Lack of normal flow predisposes to an increased incidence of @entity1547 . The submandibular glands are responsible for 70% of resting salivary flow. Removal of the submandibular gland is most commonly performed for sialolithiasis, chronic @entity7841 , or as part of a neck dissection. The effect of unilateral gland resection for benign disease on resting salivary flow has not been well examined in the literature. STUDY DESIGN: Case controlled study involving @entity1 who had undergone a unilateral submandibular gland resection matched with normal control subjects. METHOD: Stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rates in surgical and control subjects were measured in a controlled setting. RESULTS: Unstimulated salivary flow rates were 0.805 mL/min in the control group and 0.405 mL/min in the surgical group (P = .01). Stimulated salivary flow rates were not significantly different between the two groups (P > .05). Fifty-seven percent of @entity1 in the surgical group and 14% in the control group had @entity2133 (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Unilateral submandibular gland excision results in a decreased rate of resting salivary flow and an increase in subjective @entity2133 .

title: Significance of unilateral submandibular gland excision on salivary flow in noncancer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7841 :: ('MESH:D012793', 'Disease') :: ['sialoadenitis']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries and symptomatic xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In spite of major advances in early detection and adjuvant therapy, metastatic @entity0 remains a major clinical problem affecting a significant number of @entity1 . @entity3 is generally considered incurable and conventional therapy is used mainly with palliative intent. Therefore, the choice of appropriate therapeutic approach requires a reasoned evaluation of the likelihood of benefit from therapy balanced with the impact of therapy on the @entity1 's quality of life. The estimated @entity5 and indicators of response to therapy (e.g. the status of hormonal receptors) are useful parameters to take into account before selecting a given treatment. Endocrine therapy is an important option in the management of stage IV disease, with @entity440 the most widely used first-line drug in postmenopausal @entity1 . For progressing @entity1 , the third generation of aromatase inhibitors ( @entity4672 , @entity13558 ) are considered good second-line endocrine agents. The LH-RH agonists represent the initial choice in premenopausal @entity1 candidate to receive hormonal therapy, with the use of @entity440 as a valuable alternative. Combination chemotherapy regimens (e.g. CMF or CAF) are usually used for first-line treatment of @entity1 with @entity146 , @entity134 receptor-negative disease. Recently, several relatively new agents have shown significant activity in metastatic @entity0 . In particular, the @entity6023 ( @entity1311 and @entity1205 ) are particularly promising as single agents but also in combination with other drugs, especially @entity8253 . Finally, another class of agents, the d mention because they represent an important new treatment modality in the management of metastatic.

title: [Treatment of metastatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness of the tumour']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrazole']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: The biosynthesis of the @entity3405 antibiotic penicillin in the filamentous fungus @entity14940 is catalyzed by three enzymes that are encoded by the acvA, ipnA, and aatA genes. A variety of cis-acting DNA elements and regulatory factors form a complex regulatory network controlling these @entity3405 biosynthesis genes. Regulators involved include the CCAAT-binding complex AnCF and AnBH1. AnBH1 acts as a repressor of the penicillin biosynthesis gene aatA. Until now, however, little information has been available on the signal transduction cascades leading to the transcription factors. Here we show that inhibition of protein kinase C (Pkc) activity in A. nidulans led to cytoplasmic localization of an AnBH1-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion protein. Computer analysis of the genome and screening of an A. nidulans gene library revealed that the fungus possesses two putative Pkc-encoding genes, which we designated pkcA and pkcB. Only PkcA showed all the characteristic features of fungal Pkc's. Production of pkcA antisense RNA in A. nidulans led to reduced growth and conidiation in Aspergillus minimal medium, while in fermentation medium it led to enhanced expression of an aatAp-lacZ gene fusion, reduced pencillin production, and predominantly cytoplasmic localization of AnBH1. These data agree with the finding that inhibition of Pkc activity prevented nuclear localization of AnBH1-EGFP. As a result, repression of aatA expression was relieved. The involvement of Pkc in penicillin biosynthesis is also interesting in light of the fact that in the @entity375 @entity375 , Pkc plays a major role in maintaining cell integrity.

title: Protein kinase C (PkcA) of XXXX is involved in penicillin production.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'yeast']

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

answer: @entity14940 :: (162425,Species) :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intraplaque @entity548 increases the risk of @entity397 and @entity715 . The release of hemoglobin (Hb) from extravasated erythrocytes at the site of @entity548 leads to @entity68 deposition, which may increase oxidation and inflammation in the @entity731 . The @entity26447 (Hp) protein is critical for protection against Hb-induced injury. Two common alleles exist at the Hp locus and the Hp 2 allele has been associated with increased risk of @entity583 . We have demonstrated decreased anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity for the Hp 2 protein. We tested the hypothesis that the Hp 2-2 genotype is associated with increased oxidative and macrophage accumulation in @entity731 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity19 Hp gene is a type 1 Hp allele. We created a @entity19 type 2 Hp allele and targeted its insertion to the Hp locus by homologous recombination. @entity731 plaques from C57Bl/6 @entity6970 -/- Hp 2-2 @entity19 were associated with increased @entity68 (P=0.008), lipid peroxidation ( @entity11838 and @entity47464 ) and macrophage accumulation (P=0.03) as compared with plaques from C57Bl/6 @entity6970 -/- Hp 1-1 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Increased @entity68 , lipid peroxidation and macrophage accumulation in @entity6970 -/- Hp 2-2 plaques suggests that the Hp genotype plays a critical role in the oxidative and inflammatory response to intraplaque @entity548 .

title: @entity26447 genotype is a determinant of @entity68 , lipid peroxidation, and macrophage accumulation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic plaques', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxynonenal']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cerebellar low-grade @entity816 (CLGAs) of childhood are @entity5 and are usually curable by surgical resection alone or combined with adjuvant radiotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To undertake a retrospective study of our @entity1 with CLGA to determine the optimum schedule for surveillance imaging following initial surgery. In this report we describe the phenomenon of spontaneous regression of @entity5 and discuss its prognostic significance regarding future imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of @entity1 treated for histologically proven CLGA at Great Ormond Street Hospital from 1988 to 1998. RESULTS: Of 83 @entity1 with CLGA identified, 13 (15.7%) had incomplete resections. Two @entity1 with large residual @entity5 associated with persistent symptoms underwent additional treatment. Eleven @entity1 were followed by surveillance imaging alone for a mean of 6.83 years (range 2-13.25 years). Spontaneous @entity5 regression was seen in 5 (45.5%) of the 11 @entity1 . There were no differences in age, gender, symptomatology, histological grade or Ki-67 fractions between those with spontaneous @entity5 regression and those with progression. There was a non-significant trend that larger volume residual @entity5 progressed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 followed by surveillance imaging may either regress or progress. For @entity1 with @entity66 we recommend surveillance imaging every 6 months for the first 2 years, every year for years 3, 4 and 5, then every second year if @entity5 is still present 5 years after initial surgery. This would detect not only progressive or recurrent disease, but also spontaneous regression which can occur later than disease progression.

title: Spontaneous regression of residual low-grade cerebellar @entity816 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'residual tumour', 'tumours', 'Residual tumour', 'benign tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIM: To better understand the health-care needs of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with @entity454 ( @entity454 ), we sought to describe the demographic characteristics of a national cohort. METHODS: Data were retrieved from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry. We included all @entity1 aged 15-25 years, living in Australia and receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) on 31 December 2009. Data included race, aetiology of @entity8 , postal code, transition and migration history. RESULTS: A total of 495 AYA were receiving RRT in Australia giving a prevalence of 143 per million age-related population. Sixty-three per cent had a functioning transplant, 24% were receiving haemodialysis and 13% peritoneal dialysis. Median current age was 22 years (interquartile range (IQR) 19-24). The most prevalent cause of @entity454 was @entity631 (33%). The majority of @entity1 lived in capital cities. Indigenous @entity1 were more likely to live in more remote areas. Eighty-five per cent of @entity1 were currently receiving care at an adult unit and 35% of these @entity1 had transitioned from a paediatric unit since starting RRT. The median number of @entity1 per adult unit was 5 (IQR 3-10). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of Australian AYA with @entity454 are managed in adult units; however, the number at any one unit is low. As most live in the capital cities there may be an opportunity to establish centralized services designed to cater for the needs of AYA @entity1 . However, the needs of @entity1 living in more remote areas, including a significant proportion of Indigenous @entity1 , may not be met by such a model.

title: Nationwide survey of adolescents and young adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESKD', 'end-stage kidney disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage kidney disease']


abstract: AIMS: More than 50% of @entity521 ( @entity521 ) present with haematogenous and/or lymphatic @entity3 ; however, little is known about the clinicopathological significance in @entity521 of the key lymphangiogenesis growth factors @entity7 ( @entity7 )-C and @entity9205 and the receptor @entity7802 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Ninety-three @entity521 and nine @entity6010 ( @entity6010 ) were immunostained for @entity9961 , @entity9205 and @entity7802 . @entity9961 and @entity9205 were present in 76% and 82% of the @entity521 , respectively. There was no significant difference in @entity9961 expression between @entity521 and @entity6010 . @entity9205 expression was significantly higher in @entity521 compared with @entity6010 and in @entity4180 -amplified @entity521 . @entity7802 tumoral cell expression (VEGFR-3c), present in 48% of the @entity521 , was significantly higher in @entity521 from @entity1 >=  18 months at presentation and those belonging to a high-risk group. @entity7802 lymphovascular density was increased significantly in @entity521 compared with @entity6010 and in @entity521 associated with adverse clinicopathological and biological factors. Lymphovascular invasion, assessed in @entity7802 -stained vessels, was present in    50% of @entity521 . Cox regression analyses demonstrated that VEGFR-3c expression was associated with a significantly shorter event-free survival and that its effect was independent of the important pathological variable, mitosis-karyorrhexis index. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9205 and @entity7802 up-regulation support tumour progression in NB and VEGFR-3c may provide a useful prognostic marker in @entity521 .

title: @entity9961 , @entity9205 and XXXX expression in peripheral neuroblastic tumours.

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioneuromas', 'GNs']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas', 'NBs']

answer: @entity7802 :: (2324,Gene) :: ['VEGFR-3']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ileoanal anastomoses (J-pouches) are an alternative to permanent ostomy. The functional outcomes associated with the use of J-pouches are usually good, but continence disorders persist in a significant number of cases and have a negative impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for poor functional results after J-pouch ileoanal @entity254 . METHODS: @entity1 suffering from severe @entity1241 ( @entity1241 ) following coloproctectomy underwent a staged implant SNS procedure. Demographic data and functional results for @entity1241 episodes, urgencies per week, frequency of stools, ability to defer defecation, and Wexner scores were obtained at specified intervals. @entity1 also completed quality-of-life assessments. RESULTS: Four female @entity1 were included in this analysis. All 4 experienced active and passive @entity1241 at baseline and subsequently underwent test stimulation with a 75  % success rate. Three received definitive implants. These 3 @entity1 experienced improvement in functional outcomes at 1, 3, and 6  month assessments. Improvements in quality of life were also noted. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary study suggests that SNS is effective for the treatment of poor functional results following J-pouch ileoanal @entity254 ; however, larger studies with long-term follow-up are needed for confirmation of our findings.

title: Efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation for poor functional results of J-pouch ileoanal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['FI', 'fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: The expression of some antigens has been involved in @entity2008 in @entity1778 . This study was to explore the immunophenotypes of @entity6040 (M4), analyze the correlation of M4 to @entity2008 , and provide evidences for the diagnosis and therapy. METHODS: Immunophenotypic analysis was performed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and three-color immunofluorescent staining methods of flow cytometry in 81 @entity1 with @entity1778 . Cytogenetic records of 73 @entity1 were available, among which 35 were further investigated by dual-color interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and the immunophenotype of inv(16)-positive @entity1 were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 81 @entity1778 @entity1 , @entity1116 (84.0%) was the most commonly expressed antigen, followed by @entity10793 (81.5%) and @entity5750 (24.7%). @entity2280 was detected in 48 (59.3%) @entity1 . T lymphoid-and B lymphoid-associated antigens were expressed in 23 (28.4%) and 10 (12.3%) @entity1 , respectively. All the 11 @entity1 with M4Eo had @entity10793 expression. @entity1116 , @entity2280 , and @entity3138 were expressed in 10, 7, and 5 @entity1 , respectively. Of the 14 @entity1 with inv(16), 13 expressed @entity10793 , 11 expressed @entity1116 , 8 expressed @entity2280 , 5 expressed @entity5750 , 3 expressed @entity4587 , and 3 expressed @entity3138 . Of the 73 @entity1 with cytogenetic records, 30 (41.1%) had clonal chromosomal abnormalities. The expression of @entity3138 and @entity2280 was associated with karyotypic abnormalities. The expression of @entity3138 was higher in M4Eo @entity1 , with no correlation to inv(16). CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity12188 mainly expresses myeloid lineage antigens. The expression of @entity3138 and @entity2280 is correlated to karyotypic abnormalities. The expression of @entity3138 is higher in M4Eo. Inv(16) exists in 40% of M4 @entity1 and the expression of all the antigens has no correlation to inv(16).

title: [Immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity12188 :: ('MESH:D054429', 'Disease') :: ['myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['M4 leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6040 :: ('MESH:D015479', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['cytogenetic abnormalities']

answer: @entity6040 :: (MESH:D015479,Disease) :: ['acute myelomonocytic leukemia']


abstract: In @entity35 , removal of the carotid arterial or abdominal aortic endothelium results in an acute increase of diameter and compliance. In @entity1 , acute local administration of a specific NO synthase inhibitor increases radial artery compliance but not the diameter. The purpose of this review is to determine whether in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), a cause-and-effect relationship may be observed between endothelial function and arterial stiffness with possible consequences on pulse pressure (PP) control. The study is based on a comparative time-dependent analysis of the following in young and old SHR: aortic blood pressure measurements and reactivity, ultrasonographic arterial stiffness assessment, aortic histomorphometry and staining, and molecular biology with evaluation of endothelium function. In young SHR, aortic mean blood pressure and PP increase proportionally, whereas isobaric arterial stiffness is unchanged or poorly modified. The endothelial NO response to @entity1063 is normal or upregulated as a response to predominant vasoconstrictive influences. In contrast, in old SHR, PP and mean blood pressure change disproportionately with age, together with an enhanced isobaric arterial stiffness. The endothelial NO response to @entity1063 is abolished, in association with endothelium-dependent heightened @entity1063 reactivity and enhanced accumulation of vessel extracellular matrix. In this latter case, exogenous NO acutely and selectively lowers the increased PP. Thus, during SHR aging, a negative feedback may be observed between NO bioactivity and PP through changes in arterial structure and function. Whether this alteration contributes to the development of systolic @entity101 in old populations remains to be determined.

title: Pulse pressure, endothelium function, and arterial stiffness in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In this prospective study, the 10- and 15-year incidence and course of @entity989 were examined in relation to medical risk indicators from 3.1 +/- 1.9 (mean -/+ SD) years @entity6 duration and onwards in 29 adult type 1 @entity6 @entity1 treated under routine care. A total of 28 @entity1 were followed for 10 years and 20 @entity1 for 15 years @entity6 duration. After 10 years @entity6 duration, 11 @entity1 had developed any @entity989 (ten @entity1 background @entity989 and one @entity1 clinically-significant @entity4 ). After 15 years @entity6 duration, 16 @entity1 had developed any @entity989 (12 @entity1 developed background @entity989 and four @entity1 developed potentially sight-threatening @entity989 , i.e. clinically significant @entity4 (n = 2) or severe @entity989 (n = 2)). None of the @entity1 developed @entity989 . No differences were seen in mean HbA1c values between @entity1 without any @entity989 and @entity1 with background @entity989 , whereas @entity1 who developed potentially sight-threatening @entity989 had higher mean HbA1c levels than @entity1 without any @entity989 . @entity1 who developed potentially sight-threatening @entity989 had higher levels of mean HbA1c both after 10 (9.7 +/- 1.6 vs 6.9 +/- 1.5%; P < 0.05) and 15 years @entity6 duration (9.3 +/- 1.2 vs 7.1 +/- 1.3%; P < 0.05), compared to @entity1 without any @entity989 . They also had higher levels of mean HbA1c than @entity1 with background @entity989 after 15 years @entity6 duration (9.3 +/- 1.2 vs 7.7 +/- 1.1%; P < 0.05). There were no differences in blood pressure levels between @entity1 who developed @entity989 and those who did not. Only two @entity1 developed clinical signs of @entity8 (urinary albumin 320-1590 mg/l) after 12 and 13 years @entity6 duration, respectively. At those time points, both @entity1 had already developed background @entity989 since 2 years. In conclusion, the present study shows that the incidence of @entity989 is associated with the duration of @entity6 and that there is a strong association between the degree of metabolic control and development of potentially sight-threatening @entity989 . The study also indicates that the development of @entity989 does not seem to be associated with @entity101 or clinical signs of @entity8 .

title: The temporal development of XXXX and @entity8 in @entity6 during 15 years @entity6 duration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'non-proliferative retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: Recent literature and our previous proteomic findings prompted us to study the coagulation system in @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ), the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare coagulation factors in @entity2416 and idiopathic @entity401 ( @entity401 ) @entity1 and healthy controls. Thirty-three @entity2416 @entity1 (23 acute exacerbation and 10 stable @entity2416 @entity1 ), 7 @entity401 @entity1 , and 44 controls were enrolled. Concentrations of D-dimer, @entity1255 , functional protein C, protein C antigen, free and total protein S antigen and activity, @entity2002 and factor VIIIc were analyzed in serum of @entity1 and controls. The @entity4555 ( @entity4555 ) test was also performed. Factor VIIIc levels were significantly higher in acute exacerbation @entity2416 @entity1 than controls (p = 0.0001) and in stable @entity2416 @entity1 than controls (p = 0.002). Factor VIIIc levels were higher and PT levels were lower in acute exacerbation @entity2416 @entity1 who died after exacerbation than in @entity1 who survived (p = 0.04 and p = 0.003, respectively). D-dimer, @entity2002 , and @entity1255 levels were also significantly higher in @entity2416 @entity1 than controls (p < 0.01). Protein C activity was increased in acute exacerbation @entity2416 @entity1 than controls (p = 0.005). The @entity4555 test was positive in seven @entity2416 @entity1 and negative in controls. Procoagulant status was demonstrated in @entity2416 @entity1 (mainly in acute exacerbation/ @entity2416 ) than controls and @entity401 @entity1 , probably due to endothelial activation and @entity130 . These preliminary results are of interest because of their potential implications in the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease.

title: Serum analysis of coagulation factors in XXXX and @entity401 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant', 'LAC']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['nonspecific interstitial pneumonia', 'NSIP']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular injury']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['IPF']


abstract: Endogenous opioids are known to regulate morphogenesis in both neural and non-neural systems. This study examined whether endogenous opioids influence cardiac development. @entity836 , a potent opioid antagonist that blocks the interaction of opioid peptides and opioid receptors, was administered acutely (50 mg/kg) to 1-day old @entity35 . The numbers of myocardial and epicardial cells in the ventricles and atria that synthesized DNA, as determined by @entity665 incorporation and autoradiography, were markedly increased from control levels. Labeling indices were significantly elevated for at least 12 hr following a single injection of @entity836 . Examination of 10-day old @entity35 exposed to @entity836 from birth revealed higher labeling indices, as well as increases in body and heart weights and in areal measurements of the entire heart and the ventricles. The effects of @entity836 were not mediated through the sympathetic nervous system or thyroid hormone. These results lead one to suggest that an opioid peptide is tonically acting as a negative regulatory factor in the formation of the heart. Alterations in the endogenous opioid system in early life may contribute to @entity299 . Moreover, these data indicate that opioid antagonists could act as an important therapeutic influence with regard to @entity299 .

title: Opioid antagonist modulation of XXXX heart development.

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone', 'Naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysmorphogenesis', 'cardiac malformations']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Myocardium consists of diverse cell types suggesting a role for cell-cell interaction in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the heart. Cardiac fibroblasts are the source of extracellular matrix, growth factors and cytokines in the heart and their interactions with cardiac myocytes are recognized. Their effects on biological responses of endothelial cells, however, are vastly unexplored. Proliferation of endothelial cells is an essential stage of angiogenesis and contributes to development of coronary collaterals. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of soluble factors produced by cardiac fibroblasts on endothelial cell proliferation. @entity1 @entity299 ( @entity299 ) caused a significant increase (47%, P < 0.0001) in DNA synthesis in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), as determined by @entity665 incorporation. This effect was dependent on de novo protein synthesis and activation of MAP kinases. Consistently, @entity299 induced the expression and activation of @entity3963 in HUVEC. The @entity299 from which heparin-binding proteins were removed, had a significantly enhanced stimulatory effect on DNA synthesis in HUVEC compared to that of 'whole @entity299 '. Western analysis showed the presence of @entity7 , @entity540 , PDGF, @entity2533 , fibronectin and @entity3499 in whole @entity299 . The individual immunodepletion of each factor from whole @entity299 showed that all were necessary for full activity of @entity299 . @entity299 caused a significant reversal of @entity519 -induced inhibition of DNA synthesis and enhanced expression of survival-associated protein, Bcl(2), in HUVEC. Together, these data show that cardiac fibroblasts release inhibitory and stimulatory factors, the net effect of which is an enhancement of DNA synthesis in endothelial cells. These results point to the role that cardiac fibroblasts may play in angiogenesis in the heart.

title: Release of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors by @entity1 cardiac fibroblasts: effects on DNA synthesis and protection under XXXX in @entity1 endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibroblast-conditioned medium', 'CF-CM']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Poorly controlled @entity101 is independently associated with mortality, cardiovascular risk and disease progression in @entity740 ( @entity740 ). In the UK, @entity740 stage 3 is principally managed in primary care, including blood pressure (BP) management. Controlling BP is key to improving outcomes in @entity740 . This study aimed to investigate associations of BP control in @entity1 with @entity740 stage 3. METHODS: 1,741 @entity1 with @entity740 3 recruited from 32 general practices for the Renal Risk in Derby Study underwent medical history, clinical assessment and biochemistry testing. BP control was assessed by three standards: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), National Kidney Foundation @entity8 Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) and @entity8 : Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. Descriptive statistics were used to compare characteristics of @entity1 achieving and not achieving BP control. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with BP control. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity101 was 88%. Among @entity1 with @entity101 , 829/1426 (58.1%) achieved NICE BP targets, 512/1426 (35.9%) KDOQI targets and 859/1426 (60.2%) KDIGO targets. Smaller proportions of @entity1 with @entity6 and/or @entity633 achieved @entity101 targets. 615/1426 (43.1%) were only taking one antihypertensive agent. On multivariable analysis, BP control (NICE and KDIGO) was negatively associated with age (NICE odds ratio (OR) 0.27; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.17-0.43) 70-79 compared to <60), @entity6 (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.25-0.43)), and @entity633 (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.42-0.74)). For the KDOQI target, there was also association with males (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.60-0.96)) but not @entity6 (target not @entity6 specific). Older @entity1 were less likely to achieve systolic targets (NICE target OR 0.17 (95% CI 0.09,0.32) p < 0.001) and more likely to achieve diastolic targets (OR 2.35 (95% CI 1.11,4.96) p < 0.001) for @entity1 >80 compared to < 60). CONCLUSIONS: Suboptimal BP control was common in @entity740 @entity1 with @entity101 in this study, particularly those at highest risk of adverse outcomes due to @entity6 and or @entity633 . This study suggests there is scope for improving BP control in @entity1 with @entity740 by using more antihypertensive agents in combination while considering issues of adherence and potential side effects.

title: Suboptimal blood pressure control in XXXX stage 3: baseline data from a cohort study in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quality improvement investigators working in field settings, who typically are not trained in epidemiological methods, may not consider all three elements of the epidemiologic triad ( @entity1 , place and time) when planning their projects. AIM: To demonstrate how the epidemiological triad can guide analysis for quality assessment. Predictors of antibiotic use in primary care were analysed to illustrate the approach. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of data previously collected from medical records and a provider survey. A convenience sample of 467 family medicine @entity1 treated in two clinic sites for acute @entity1729 was analysed by locating quality variation in @entity1 , place and time. Independent variables included @entity1 age, date of clinic visit, and clinic site. The outcome measure was antibiotic prescription (yes or no). RESULTS: Antibiotics were prescribed for 69.2% of @entity1 in the sample. Age group was not related to antibiotic prescribing. Prescription was related to time (P = 0.0344) and clinic site (P = 0.0001) in univariate tests. However, only site was independently related to antibiotic prescription (odds ratio = 0.47, confidence interval = 0.30 to 0.73, P = 0.0008). CONCLUSION: The epidemiological triad assisted in guiding further post hoc analysis of predictors of antibiotic prescriptions. Further investigations of this quality indicator can be directed at exploring site differences and testing interventions. Studies of other quality indicators in primary care can employ the triad to guide the analysis.

title: Utilising the epidemiologic triad in analysing quality improvement data: antibiotic use for XXXX as a case example.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Balance disorders after @entity64 have a particularly detrimental influence on recovery of autonomy and walking. The present study is aimed at assessing the effect of proprioceptive stimulation by neck muscle vibration ( @entity47840 ) on the balance of @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ). Thirty-one (31) @entity1 (15 @entity66 and 16 @entity66 ), mean age 61.5  years (  10.6), mean delay 3.1 (  1.6) months after one hemispheric @entity64 were included in this prospective study. The mean position in mediolateral and anteroposterior plane of the CoP (center of pressure) and the surface were evaluated using a force platform at rest and immediately after 10  min of vibration on the contralesional dorsal neck muscle. @entity47840 decreases the lateral deviation balance induced by the @entity64 . Twenty @entity1 (64.5  %) experienced a @entity227 of light spot moving toward the side opposite stimulus. These @entity1 showed more improvement by vibration than those without @entity227 . There was an interaction between sensitivity and side of @entity64 on the effect of @entity47840 . Proprioceptive stimulation by @entity47840 reduces postural asymmetry after @entity64 . This short-term effect of the vibration is more effective in @entity1 susceptible to @entity227 . This result was consistent with a central effect of @entity47840 on the structures involved in the elaboration of perception of body in space.

title: Short-term effect of neck muscle vibration on postural disturbances in @entity64 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual illusion']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['RHL', 'right hemispheric lesion', 'left hemispheric lesion', 'LHL']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity16282 is a triad of abnormalities that includes total or partial agenesis of the @entity6789 , chorioretinal lacunae, and @entity739 . This syndrome was first described in 1965. A female @entity1 with @entity16282 associated with a nasoethmoidal cephalocele is described in this report. She presented with a history of unilateral nasal discharge since birth and @entity410 since age 1 week. She was microcephalic and there was @entity227 . A fleshy mass of the left nostril was noted. Ophthalmological evaluation revealed @entity5770 , @entity6349 optic discs and retina, 'morning glory' appearance of the left optic disc, and bilateral chorioretinal lacunae. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed absence of the @entity6789 , dysmorphic changes of the lateral ventricles, a superiorly located third ventricle, heterotopic grey matter of the frontal lobes, a left nasoethmoidal cephalocele, and closed lip @entity15260 of the @entity75 . This female @entity1 developed asymmetric @entity739 at age 8 weeks. Surgical correction of the cephalocele was declined. She developed recurrent @entity55 secondary to aspiration of feeds and died at age 8 months during one of these events.

title: @entity16282 associated with anterior cephalocele in a female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['left exotropia']

entities_list: @entity16282 :: ('MESH:D058540', 'Disease') :: ['Aicardi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15260 :: ('MESH:C538514', 'Disease') :: ['schizencephaly']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether histologic findings of @entity5 or @entity1373 at large-core needle biopsy (LCNB) of nonpalpable breast lesions match histologic findings at excision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stereotaxic LCNB was performed with an automated prone unit, biopsy gun, and 14-gauge cutting needles in 450 nonpalpable breast lesions. Lesions classified as @entity189 or @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) at histologic examination after LCNB were excised. A pathologist retrospectively compared core and excisional histologic findings. RESULTS: Histologic comparison was performed in 116 of 135 @entity189 after LCNB. Histologic findings were concordant in 99 @entity189 . Partial discordance in 17 @entity189 led to an additional surgical procedure in one case. Histologic comparison was performed in 16 of 19 ADHs diagnosed with LCNB. Histologic findings were concordant in five and discordant in 11 ADHs. CONCLUSION: LCNB findings of @entity189 are accurate and allow definitive therapeutic surgery, including mastectomy. LCNB findings of @entity1373 are inaccurate, and excisional biopsy is necessary.

title: Stereotaxic large-core needle biopsy of 450 nonpalpable breast lesions with surgical correlation in lesions with @entity5 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['ADH', 'atypical ductal hyperplasia', 'atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['atypical hyperplasia']


abstract: The @entity923 is described as a compression of the N. medianus under the retinaculum flexorum with the causes for this syndrome being of the most varied nature. The aetiology is multifactorial with frequent alterations of the connective tissue being observed in the histological specimen, i.e. chronic inflammatory proliferations or @entity528 . Direct pressure measurements have shown that the pressure is markedly higher both at rest and extension or flexion as compared to normal healthy subjects. An exact diagnosis requires a measurable prolongation of the distal motorial latency. Surgery is the treatment of choice to ensure perfect recovery. For this purpose the retinaculum flexorum must be entirely split, and our experiments have shown that the splitting of the epineurium yields good results. The microsurgical interfascicular neurolysis, however, should be considered in special cases only. Complaints tend to disappear fairly quickly in the majority of cases, i.e. @entity158 recedes by 90%, sensitivity disorders by more than 70% and @entity2057 by 50%. The operation enables a measurable improvement of the distal motorial latency. The incidence of @entity260 is relatively low, and if they do occur, then they are negligible and without any bearing on the final surgical result. Persistent residual complaints are very often due to other accompanying diseases such as cervical @entity32459 , cervical ribs etc.

title: [Surgically treated XXXX --clinical and electrophysiologic follow-up].

entities_list: @entity32459 :: ('MESH:C536342', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral column syndrome']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic degenerations']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract:
Background. Viscosupplementation is a relatively new method for the treatment of @entity571 ( @entity571 ). The main goal of this project was to assess the safety and clinical utility of Hylan G-F20 (Synvisc(R)) in the treatment of @entity158 associated with @entity626 . The type and frequency of additional therapies used during Synvisc(R) treatment were also assessed. It was a prospective project designed for monitoring Synvisc(R)-prescribing habits in usual medical care.
 Material and method. One hundred ninety knee joints in 187 @entity1 were studied ( @entity571 symptoms were bilateral in 3 @entity1 ). Synvisc(R) was indicated for the local treatment of @entity158 in @entity626 . After the diagnosis, Synvisc(R) therapy was started at the recommended dose of 2 ml per intra-articular injection once
 a week (at 1-week intervals), three injections in total. The data collected, including medical history, physical examination, radiographic examination and treatment efficacy (overall assessment performed at each visit), were recorded on case report forms designed to facilitate statistical analysis. The physicians completed visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for overall assessment of @entity158 at each visit. The clinical outcome was recorded after the end of therapy. The @entity1 data were collected by physicians taking part in this project only.
 Results. In 156 cases (82.1%) either a substantial improvement or subsidence of symptoms was observed. In 34 cases (17.9%) the improvement was small or there was no change in the @entity1 's condition. There were local adverse reactions in 2 @entity1 (1.07%). There was no need to cease the treatment, to hospitalise a @entity1 or to start any additional treatment. In 167 @entity1 (89.3%) there was no need to start any non-pharmacological concomitant treatment.
 Conclusions. In summary, Synvisc(R) viscosupplementation should be rated among the safest and most effective methods for the treatment of @entity571 , for it alleviates @entity571 -related @entity158 , thus reducing the need for NSAIDs and @entity134 injections. The use of Synvisc(R) in @entity571 @entity1 @entity158 regardless of sex and age, the effect being the most pronounced in @entity1 with low- and medium-grade radiographic changes.

title: Assessment of Synvisc treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'OA pain', 'alleviates pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: @entity4346 with adequate wall thickness, preserved adult phenotype and extracellular matrix may be useful in the prevention of @entity712 . Because activation of subtype 1 of @entity1808 ( @entity1809 ) receptors is thought to be involved in the @entity1184 response of cardiomyocytes, we tested the potential of systemic @entity1809 blockade to modify the development of @entity4346 due to pressure overload. Sham-operated @entity35 and @entity35 with ascending aorta constriction were treated with @entity9886 (30 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Left ventricular geometry, dynamics of isovolumic contractions, @entity720 concentration as well as myosin isozymes (marker of fetal phenotype) were assessed. @entity35 with aortic constriction exhibited a marked increase in left ventricular weight and the diastolic pressure-volume relationship was shifted to smaller volumes. An enlarged ventricular pressure-volume area and increased (p < 0.05) peak values of +dP/dtmax and- dP/dtmax demonstrated an enhanced overall ventricular performance. Signs of @entity712 were not apparent. In contrast, parameters of myocardial function (normalized length-stress area, +d delta /dtmax and -d delta /dtmax) were @entity308 (p < 0.05), indicating an @entity296 . The @entity720 concentration remained unaltered. However, the proportion of beta-myosin heavy chains (MHC) was increased (p < 0.05). Administration of @entity9886 decreased (p < 0.05) blood pressure and body weight in sham operated and pressure overloaded @entity35 . By contrast, neither the @entity4346 or @entity308 myocardial function nor the increased beta-MHC expression were significantly altered. Thus, activation of @entity1809 receptors appears not to be involved in the initial expression of the fetal phenotype of pressure overloaded heart which may be responsible for the progressive functional deterioration of the hypertrophied ventricle.

title: Development of pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophy is unaffected by long-term treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['impaired myocardial contractility']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'left ventricular hypertrophy', 'concentric left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['losartan']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective Pilot Study. OBJECTIVES: To determine the safety and feasibility of autologous olfactory mucosal transplantation into the spinal cord in chronic spinal cord injured using the technique developed by Carlos Lima et al. SETTING: @entity3510 Center, New Delhi. METHODS: Five chronic, motor complete, traumatic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) @entity1 with neurological level C5-T12 underwent the procedure. @entity1 were assessed at baseline and at 6 monthly intervals. Safety and tolerability were evaluated through monitoring for any adverse events and tests including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation. Efficacy assessment was done through neurological, functional and psychological evaluation, electrophysiological studies and urodynamics. RESULTS: Surgery was tolerated well by all American @entity3510 Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) A @entity1 . The only AIS B @entity1 lost sensory scores significantly after surgery but is gradually regaining it. MRI evaluation revealed a syrinx in one @entity1 and increase in length of myelomalacia in four @entity1 . There were no other adverse findings on MRI evaluation. There was no significant improvement in any of the neurological, electrophysiological or urodynamic efficacy variables. Statistically significant improvement was seen in functional scores as evaluated by Spinal Cord Independence Measure, Beck Depression Inventory scores and life impact scores on International @entity1566 Scale. CONCLUSIONS: The procedure is relatively safe and feasible in AIS A @entity1 with @entity764 at 18 month follow-up. No efficacy could be demonstrated which could be attributed to the procedure.

title: Autologous olfactory [corrected] mucosal transplant in chronic XXXX : an Indian Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic level injuries']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: We used a recently described anion-exchange chromatographic method (Vedie et al. J Lipid Res 1991;32:1359) to study the protective effect of potential inhibitors of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation mediated by cupric ion. By way of an example, we studied eight @entity3088 ( @entity19317 , @entity21538 , @entity15602 , @entity47593 , @entity16957 , morin, @entity3092 , and @entity3091 ) as well as three non- @entity3096 antioxidants, @entity1882 ( @entity1882 ), @entity5119 , and @entity620 , as reference compounds. Each compound was tested at various concentrations (1-100 microM). For @entity3096 concentrations of 10 microM, an index was calculated as the (LDL control- @entity3096 )/(LDL control- @entity5119 ) ratio, in which each term is expressed as the percentage of the most electronegative LDL fraction (fraction E). If the index is positive, the @entity3096 inhibits LDL oxidation. A value > 1 (3-hydroxyflavone and @entity47593 ) means greater activity than @entity5119 , whereas a value < 1 means lower activity ( @entity16957 ). If the index is around 0 ( @entity19317 and @entity15602 ), the @entity3096 is inactive. Finally, a negative value reflects possible prooxidant activity (morin, @entity3092 , and @entity3091 ). Our results show that this chromatographic method can be applied to screening new pharmacological agents for activity against LDL oxidation.

title: A method to screen for the antioxidant effect of compounds on low-density lipoprotein (LDL): illustration with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3091 :: ('MESH:C040015', 'Chemical') :: ['myricetin']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity1882 :: ('MESH:D002084', 'Chemical') :: ['butylated hydroxytoluene', 'BHT']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity21538 :: ('MESH:C041477', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxyflavone']

entities_list: @entity5119 :: ('MESH:D011341', 'Chemical') :: ['probucol']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['flavonoids']