abstract: OBJECTIVES: Lymph node @entity3 is among the most important prognostic factors for @entity1 with @entity1721 after curative esophagectomy; however, the extent of lymphadenectomy is still controversial. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of lymphatic metastases and to study the pattern of lymph node @entity3 in a large study population. METHODS: The data from 1361 @entity1 with @entity1721 who underwent curative R0 esophagectomy were retrospectively examined. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with lymph node @entity3 . RESULTS: Of the 1361 @entity1 , 714 (52.5%) were found to have lymph node @entity3 . The frequency of lymph node @entity3 increased as the @entity5 invasion increased. Paratracheal nodes were the most frequent @entity3 nodes (15.9%). The frequency of lymph node @entity3 was 9.8% in the neck, 18.0% in the upper mediastinum, 18.9% in the middle mediastinum, 11.8% in the lower mediastinum, and 28.4% in the abdomen. Of these 714 @entity1 , 424 (31.2%) presented with 1 field involvement, 255 (18.7%) with 2 fields, and 35 (2.6%) with 3 fields involvement. Logistic regression analysis revealed @entity5 length (P  <  .001), @entity5 invasion (P  <  .001), @entity5 differentiation (P  =  .003), and @entity3 (P  <  .001) were risk factors for lymph node @entity3 . @entity5 location (P  <  .001), @entity5 invasion (P  =  .003), @entity3 (P  =  .004), and paratracheal lymph node involvement (P  =  .002) were identified as risk factors for cervical lymph node @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 were more frequent in the abdomen than in the neck. Total mediastinal and upper abdominal lymphadenectomy should be carefully conducted. Certain factors, such as @entity5 location, depth of @entity5 invasion, @entity3 , and paratracheal lymph node involvement, might be helpful in determining the need to perform cervical lymphadenectomy in individual @entity1 .

title: Pattern of lymphatic spread in XXXX : A single-institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) is an @entity74 caused by loss-of-function mutations in the @entity1014 phosphorylase gene. The disease leads to premature death and is characterized by @entity344 and @entity3085 , external @entity4610 , a @entity16 , and @entity62 . Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only potentially curative treatment that can achieve a sustained biochemical correction of the metabolic imbalances.We report a 23-year-old male homozygous for the @entity52576 , @entity52577 mutation of the @entity1015 gene, who presented with @entity1560 and @entity3085 . Laboratory examinations were unremarkable except for increased transaminase activities. Grade II @entity82 and @entity1560 was found in an initial and a follow-up liver biopsy 4 years later. Myeloablative conditioning and BMT was performed 10 years after initial presentation due to the progressive @entity353 and @entity305 . Pre-transplant liver staging was normal except for an elevated transient elastography of 31.6 kPa. Severe ascites developed after transplantation and liver function deteriorated progressively to @entity1578 . Despite engraftment on day +15, the @entity1 died on day +18 from @entity1578 . Autopsy revealed micronodular @entity1575 , and postmortem diagnosis of @entity879 was done.This case illustrates the difficulties and importance of diagnosing @entity1575 in @entity2383 . Before BMT, @entity1 must be carefully evaluated by transient elastography, liver biopsy, or assessment of hepatic venous pressure gradient. In @entity1 with @entity1575 , further studies should evaluate if liver transplantation may be an alternative to BMT. Considerable amounts of @entity1014 phosphorylase are expressed in liver tissue which may prevent accumulation of toxic metabolites.

title: XXXX Syndrome: @entity1575 Should Be Ruled Out Prior to Bone Marrow Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute-on-chronic liver failure']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensorimotor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity52577 :: ('p|SUB|E|289|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Glu289Ala']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive mitochondriopathy']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['MNGIE', 'Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['MNGIE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Free @entity5 DNA in body fluids may be an important biomarker. We tested whether @entity5 -specific mutated @entity876 DNA can be detected in blood and peritoneal fluid from @entity1 with @entity43 . STUDY DESIGN: Sequencing of @entity5 DNA identified somatic @entity876 mutations. Free DNA from matched blood or peritoneal fluid was evaluated for the @entity5 -specific @entity876 mutation using a ligase detection reaction. RESULTS: Sixty-nine of 137 @entity5 (50%) had @entity876 mutations. Plasma or serum from 21 (30%) of the 69 informative cases contained the @entity5 -specific @entity876 mutation. Circulating @entity5 was an independent predictor of decreased survival in multivariate analysis (P=.02). We detected @entity5 DNA in peritoneal fluid in 28 of 30 (93%) cases, including all 6 cases with negative cytology. CONCLUSION: One third of @entity1 with @entity43 have circulating @entity5 DNA and an associated reduced survival. Free @entity5 DNA can be detected in the majority of peritoneal fluid samples.

title: Tumor-specific @entity876 sequences in blood and peritoneal fluid of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: This study assesses the proportion of @entity1 presenting with nonvisceral chronic @entity490 who have @entity890 as a possible cause. We designed a descriptive transversal study of @entity1 attending our offices between February 2009 and October 2010, with a complaint of chronic @entity490 of suspected abdominal wall source (positive Carnett sign). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of the spinal column was performed on all @entity1 . When the NMR showed @entity890 the @entity1 were treated according to their etiology. We also evaluated the symptoms in @entity1 with @entity890 and their response to the applied treatment. Twenty-seven @entity1 with chronic @entity490 were evaluated. The NMR results in 18 of these 27 @entity1 (66.66%) showed evidence of disk herniation. We report on the results of these 18 @entity1 , emphasizing that the symptoms are florid and varied. Many @entity1 had been previously diagnosed with @entity1744 . @entity890 may account for chronic @entity490 in many @entity1 who remain undiagnosed or are diagnosed with @entity1744 . Thus, this possibility needs to be taken into account to achieve a correct diagnosis and a suitable mode of treatment.

title: XXXX , a not infrequent cause of chronic @entity490 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic disk herniation', 'Thoracic disk herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['Thoracic disk herniation']


abstract: Growth kinetics of SV40 large T-antigen-transfected @entity291 pulp-derived cells on dentin were investigated. These cells were used in a dentin barrier test device, and the system was evaluated by testing a set of dental filling materials. Cells (120 cells/mm2) were seeded on dentin slices and incubated for up to 21 days. Cell proliferation was recorded using @entity98 assay. For @entity137 tests 3500 cells/mm2 were seeded on dentin discs, which were then incorporated into the dentin barrier test device. After 72 h preincubation test materials were applied. After a 24 h exposure with or without perfusion of the pulpal part of the test device, cell survival was evaluated using @entity98 assay. The cells revealed similar growth kinetics on dentin slices and on tissue culture plates. In @entity137 tests the cells were more sensitive toward the test materials than previously used three-dimensional cultures of @entity1 foreskin fibroblasts and as anticipated from clinical experience. Further improvement is expected by using three-dimensional cultures of pulp-derived cells.

title: Dentin barrier test with transfected XXXX pulp-derived cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: It would be foolhardy to offer an inflexible step-care protocol for the management of @entity1030 , given its heterogeneity and our uncertainty about its pathogenesis. Instead, the following outline might be regarded as a statement of principles to guide individual treatment plans. Smoking cessation is an essential, if difficult, first step, which is necessary to slow the accelerated rate of decline in pulmonary function that is characteristic of this disease. There is a compelling rationale for the use of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination, although proof of efficacy is lacking. If @entity1224 is present, inhaled quaternary anticholinergic bronchodilators seem to offer the greatest benefit with fewest side effects, making them the obvious first choice in bronchodilator therapy. In some @entity1 , the addition of beta-agonists, @entity2544 , or both may augment bronchodilation. If significant @entity1224 persists despite the foregoing, an oral @entity134 trial is required. Some carefully selected @entity1 whose exercise capacity has been limited despite optimal medical therapy may respond to a supervised exercise rehabilitation program. If @entity519 is present, supplemental @entity26 improves survival. Additional therapeutic modalities, ranging from preventive antioxidant administration to lung transplantation, remain investigational.

title: Therapeutic algorithm for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airways obstruction']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to examine the effect of selective alpha1 receptor agonist @entity21172 in the treatment of @entity1 with postural @entity591 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 (23 male, 32 female, age 5 - 19 yrs, mean age 12.3 +/- 3.1 yrs) who came from Peking University First Hospital were included in the study and clinical investigations as well as standing test, basic head-up tilt test and sublingual @entity1242 -provocated head-up tilt test under quiet circumstance were conducted. They were randomly divided into treatment group (with @entity21172 and oral rehydration salt treatment) and control group (with oral rehydration salt treatment only). At last, the disease-free rate, improvement rate and effective rate of symptoms, and the rate of HUT from positive to negative response were compared between control group and treatment group. SPSS 10.0 software was used for the statistical analysis of these data. RESULTS: The symptom improvement rate in treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group after three and six weeks of treatment (100.0% vs. 42.4%, P < 0.001; 100.0% vs. 42.4%, chi2 = 19.352, P < 0.001). The disease-free rate at follow-up end-point in treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group (77.3% vs. 27.3%, chi2 = 13.239, P < 0.001). The effective rate at follow-up end-point in treatment group was also significantly higher than that of control group (100.0% vs. 36.4%, chi2 = 22.647, P < 0.001). The rate of HUT changing from positive to negative response between two groups after three weeks of treatment was not significantly different (31.8% vs. 12.1%, P > 0.05), but it was significantly different (81.0% vs. 48.5%, P < 0.05) after six weeks of treatment. CONCLUSION: Selective alpha1 receptor agonist @entity21172 is effective in the treatment of @entity1 with postural @entity591 .

title: [Effect of selective alpha1 receptor agonist in the treatment of XXXX with postural @entity591 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic tachycardia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity21172 :: ('MESH:D008879', 'Chemical') :: ['midodrine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present paper reports the preliminary experience with surgical treatment of 49 cases of @entity1779 caused by cervical @entity455 due to @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ). METHODS: Six @entity1 and 43 @entity1 were treated between June 1992 and October 1997. Their ages ranged from 15 to 42 years, with a mean of 26.5 years. Duration of symptoms was from 10 days to 8 years with a mean of 32 months. Bypasses from the ascending aorta to the @entity2998 were performed in 31 cases. Subclavian-to-carotid bypass was performed in six cases. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was used in four cases. RESULTS: An excellent result was achieved in 28.6% of cases, a fair result was achieved in 36.7% of cases, improvement was achieved in 22.5% of cases, 2.0% of cases were unchanged, and in 10.2% of cases @entity204 occurred before discharge. During a mean follow up of 38 months these values were 26.2%, 42.8%, 16.7%, 4.8%, and 2.4%, respectively; recurrence occurred in 7.1% of cases. CONCLUSION: When cerebral perfusion is jeopardized, a definitive corrective procedure is advised at a time when the @entity1 is in a relatively stable condition. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is the first choice although the recurrence rate is very high, and complications such as @entity397 and @entity715 formation are serious. @entity1 with occlusive lesions of all four cervical arteries usually have severe @entity1779 and their distal runoff is usually unable to be visualized on angiography. But it was found that in 95% of cases the internal carotid artery is still patent (confirmed by exploration), therefore an ascending aorta-to-carotid bypass is feasible in most instances. Unfortunately, cerebral re-perfusion syndrome is a serious unresolved problem.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX caused by cervical @entity455 due to @entity12040 : preliminary results of 49 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial lesions']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['axillary or subclavian artery and to the carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis", 'TA']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['arterial rupture']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity356 is an important public health problem in the world and @entity233 . In addition to @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ), smoking, @entity167 consumption and family history, certain dietary factors have been associated with its occurrence. The impact of dietary habits and life-style factors on the risk of @entity356 in @entity233 were evaluated in this study. DESIGN: A questionnaire was applied to 106 @entity1 with @entity356 and 106 controls without @entity5 matched for age (range 28-85 years) and gender selected from a hospital based population. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1534 was 81.3% in @entity1 . Frequent consumption of salty dishes, very salty foods like pickles, soup mixes, sausages, foods at hot temperature (ORs=3.686, 7.784, 5.264, 3.148 and 3.273 respectively) and adding salt without tasting (OR=4.198) were associated with increased gastric risk. Also heavy smoking and high amount of @entity167 consumption (p=0.000) were risk factors. Frequent consumption of green vegetables, onion, garlic and dried fruits (ORs=0.569, 0.092, 0.795 and 0.041) was non- significantly associated with decreased risk. CONCLUSION: Improved dietary habits, reducing salt consumption and eradication of @entity1534 infection may provide protection against @entity356 in @entity233 .

title: Evaluation of dietary and life-style habits of @entity1 with @entity356 : a case-control study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity294 is one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality among @entity1 in low-income countries. @entity413 -based ORS helps replace fluid and prevent further dehydration from acute @entity294 . Since 2004, the World Health Organization has recommended the osmolarity < 270 mOsm/L (ORS </= 270 ) over the > 310 mOsm/L formulation ( @entity24850 >/= 310). @entity413 polymer-based ORS (eg prepared using @entity579 or @entity3505 ) slowly releases @entity413 and may be superior. OBJECTIVES: To compare polymer-based ORS with @entity413 -based ORS for treating acute watery @entity294 . SEARCH STRATEGY: In September 2008, we searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 3), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and mRCT. We also contacted researchers, organizations, and pharmaceutical companies, and searched reference lists. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials of @entity1 with acute watery @entity294 ( @entity3081 and non- @entity3081 associated) comparing polymer-based and @entity413 -based ORS (with identical electrolyte contents). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the search results and risk of bias, and extracted data. In multiple treatment arms with two or more treatment groups, we combined outcomes as appropriate and compared collectively with the control group. MAIN RESULTS: Thirty-four trials involving 4214 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria: 27 in @entity1 , five in adults and two in both. Twelve trials used adequate methods to conceal allocation. Most compared polymer-based ORS with ORS >/= 310. There were fewer unscheduled intravenous infusions in the polymer-based ORS group compared with @entity413 -based ORS (ORS >/= 310 and </= 270 groups combined) (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.95; 2235 @entity1 , 19 trials). Adults positive for @entity1838 had a shorter duration of @entity294 with polymer-based ORS than with ORS </= 270 (MD -7.11 hours, SD -11.91 to -2.32; 228 @entity1 , 4 trials). @entity3505 -based ORS resulted in lower total stool output in the first 24 hours compared with ORS </= 270 (MD -119.85 g/kg, SD -114.73 to -124.97; 129 @entity1 , 2 trials). Adverse effects were similar for polymer-based ORS and @entity413 -based ORS. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Polymer-based ORS shows some advantages compared to ORS >/= 310 for treating all-cause @entity294 , and in @entity294 caused by @entity3081 . Comparisons favoured the polymer-based ORS over ORS </= 270, but the analysis was underpowered. If specialists consider a potential role for polymer-based ORS, further trials against the current standard (ORS </= 270) will be required.

title: Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: A survey was undertaken of all @entity1 attending the Eye Casualty Department at Waterford Regional Hospital with sports injuries in the twelve-month period 1st January 1995 to 31st December 1995. Ninety eight @entity1 had problems associated with sport. Hurling was responsible for the largest group (30%) and football of different codes accounted for 29%. The next largest group was the racquet sports (13%). The most common injuries were to the anterior chamber (hyphaema and microhyphaema: 36%). There were three orbital fractures. 26 @entity1 (27%) were admitted. 83 @entity1 (85%) were male. The median age was 20 years. Sport is a significant cause of @entity4858 , which is often serious, and affects mostly young healthy males.

title: @entity4858 and sport: sport-related XXXX presenting to an eye casualty department throughout 1995.

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injury']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['eye injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity370 is a multisystemic inflammatory @entity738 . The prevalence of hepatic involvement is not clear. AIM: The aim of this study was to establish the presence and severity of the liver-test abnormalities in @entity370 . METHODS: Retrospectively, @entity1 with confirmed @entity370 (n=837) presented with the liver-test abnormalities [alkaline phosphatase, y-glutamyl transaminase, @entity493 aminotransferase or @entity492 aminotransferase >1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN)] who were classified according to severity into mild (zero liver tests >= 3 ULN), moderate (one or two liver tests >= 3 ULN) and severe (three or four liver tests >= 3 ULN) were evaluated. Moreover, the relationship between severity of liver tests and histology was examined. RESULTS: Liver-test abnormalities were found in 204 of 837 @entity1 with chronic @entity370 (24.4%), among which 127 (15.2%) were suspected of having @entity99 (79 of 127 males, 111 Caucasian, eight African-American). In 22 of 127 @entity1 (17.3%), a liver biopsy was obtained; 21 were compatible with @entity99 . In these 21 @entity1 , severity of liver-test abnormalities was significantly associated with extensiveness of @entity32 (  =0.58, P=0.006) and degree of @entity82 (  =0.64, P=0.002). These results remained in the multiple regression analysis when controlled for treatment status, sex, genetics, ethnicity and age. CONCLUSION: Liver-test abnormalities were present in 24% of the studied @entity1 ; in 15% highly because of hepatic involvement of @entity370 . Moderate and severe liver-test abnormalities seemed to be associated with more advanced histopathological disease. Therefore, in the management of @entity370 , for @entity1 with moderate or severe liver-test abnormalities a liver biopsy is recommended.

title: Liver-test abnormalities in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: In a @entity2615 case-control study, @entity1355 and other mineral fibers from lung burden were examined as causal factors. Diagnosis was confirmed by a panel of pathologists. For 66 cases and 66 controls from hospitals in five German towns, lung tissue fiber analysis by transmission electron microscopy was available. Control @entity1 were treated by a surgical lung resection mostly because of @entity2 . For chrysotile and other mineral fibers a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) was not observed. A clear dose-response relationship was demonstrated for the concentration CA of @entity51384 fibers longer than 5 microm. Between 0.025 and 2.5 fibers/microg dry weight (f/microg) the relationship can be approximated as OR = CA/(0. 025 f/microg). Similar but less distinct dose-response relationships were found in a Canadian and an Australian study. It is concluded that among German @entity2615 @entity1 factors not associated with amphibole fiber concentration are not predominating.

title: Dose-response relationship between amphibole fiber lung burden and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51384 :: ('CHEBI:46677', 'Chemical') :: ['amphibole']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ) causes @entity5 @entity39 with local @entity221 produced by laser light energy. We treated with US-guided @entity1986 14 @entity1 (7 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ; mean age: 67 years) and 20 @entity3 : 9 of them were < 3 cm in max. diameter and 11 were > 3 cm (mean diameter: 2.9 cm); 14 @entity3 were from @entity694 , 5 from @entity0 and 1 from @entity2 . @entity1986 was performed with 300 and 600 microns quartz fiberoptic guides advanced in 21-18G Chiba needles and a continuous-wave Nd: YAG laser with 1064 nm wavelength. We used single expositions of 5-6 minutes with an irradiation power of 5 watts and scheduled 3 treatment sessions, performing CT scans and biopsies at the end of each session. The extent of induced @entity39 was classified as follows on the basis of CT findings: grade 1 = 100% @entity39 ; grade 2 = @entity39 > 50%; grade 3 = @entity39 < 50%. The average follow-up was 6 months. After the 3 scheduled treatment sessions, CT showed grade 1 @entity39 in all the lesions < 3 cm in diameter and in 4/9 (44%) lesions > 3 cm and grade 2 and 3 @entity39 in the remaining cases ( @entity39 > 50% in 95% of the lesions and 92% of the @entity1 ). The cytologic findings were in agreement with CT results in all grade 2 and 3 cases, but in one grade 1 @entity39 cytology showed residual viable @entity5 . To conclude, @entity1986 is a safe and well-tolerated procedure. Maximum efficacy was observed in the lesions < 3 cm, while lesion volume was markedly reduced in the lesions > 3 cm. US is a useful tool in the real-time monitoring of this procedure and CT is the most accurate imaging technique to assess treatment efficacy.

title: [ XXXX with laser in the treatment of liver @entity3 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['ILP', 'Interstitial laser photocoagulation']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity1986 :: (MESH:D009395,Disease) :: ['Interstitial photocoagulation']


abstract: PURPOSES: To evaluate the long-term outcome (at least 4 years) of @entity1 who underwent a surgical debridement due to an @entity697 ( @entity281 ) and to compare them with a control group that did not have an acute septic complication. METHODS: From January 1999 to December 2007, 61 @entity1 with an acute @entity281 in remission after 2 years of follow-up (cases) were retrospectively reviewed and compared with a control group (2:1) without an acute @entity281 matched by age, year of arthroplasty, and type of prosthesis. Septic and aseptic complications of each group were gathered and compared using a chi-square test. A two-tailed p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of 183 @entity1 , 4 cases and 2 controls were excluded due to @entity204 or lost to follow up; 113 (63.8%) were females and 109 (61.5%) had a knee replacement. The mean age and time of followup were 68.3 and 6.4 years, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls in the percentage of late septic or @entity1349 . However, the late relapse rate in @entity1 with acute @entity281 caused by @entity794 , was 12.5% (2 out of 16) and there was a trend towards significance when compared with the rest of the cohort (3.3%, p = 0.09). Aseptic late complications were more frequent in GN-cases (10.7%) than in the other groups (3.4% in GP-cases and 5% in controls) but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, although analyzing all late complications together, @entity1 with an acute @entity281 have a similar long-term outcome in comparison with controls; @entity1 with an acute @entity281 due to @entity794 had a higher late relapse rate; and GN-cases developed an @entity1349 more ?frequently. In the future, it is necessary to evaluate larger series to confirm our results.

title: Long-term results of XXXX treated with debridement and prosthesis retention: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute prosthetic joint infection']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute prosthetic joint infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the rationale behind the most commonly used treatments of @entity571 , including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and to assess more effective conservative treatment options. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: This review includes a description of the pathophysiology and prevalence of @entity571 , joint physiology and NSAID treatment of @entity571 , as well as side effects on joints, the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and livers. Several studies of conservative treatment, consisting of supplementation of @entity4823 (which occurs naturally in the @entity1 body), exercise, and the use of chiropractic treatment for maintaining joint function and preventing further destruction, are reviewed. DATA SOURCES: A computerized search of Medline using the key indexing terms @entity571 , @entity179 , nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, @entity4823 , chiropractic and manipulation. RESULTS: Numerous studies wee obtained under each subheading and reviewed by category. @entity1 and animal-model studies are described. CONCLUSION: The rationales for using NSAIDs in the treatment of @entity571 is controversial and openly contested. Given the detrimental effects of NSAIDs on joints and other organs, their use should be discouraged and their classification as a first choice conservative treatment should be abolished. A truly effective and conservative approach to the treatment of @entity571 should include chiropractic manipulation, essential nutrient supplementation, exogenous administration of @entity4823 and rehabilitative stretches and exercises to maintain joint function. Because there is no correlation between @entity158 levels and the extent of @entity528 by radiographic or physical examination, conservative treatment should be initiated and sustained based on functional, objective findings and not strictly on how the @entity1 feels. The use of NSAIDs should be limited to the treatment of gross @entity32 and analgesics should only be used in the short-term when absolutely necessary for @entity158 palliation. The present conservative approach could lead not only to a better quality of life but also to the saving of health care dollars by reducing the iatrogenic morbidity and mortality associated with NSAID use.

title: Conservative management of spinal osteoarthritis with XXXX and chiropractic treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative joint disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration detected']

answer: @entity4823 :: (MESH:D005944,Chemical) :: ['glucosamine sulfate']


abstract: @entity12751 ( @entity12751 ) is an @entity74 due to deficiency of lysosomal alpha-L-iduronidase (IDU) enzyme activity. Untreated @entity1 develop progressive @entity1032 and multisystem morbidity with a median life expectancy of 5 years. Allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) can achieve stabilization and even improvement of intellect, with long-term survival. However, @entity1 with @entity12751 have an increased incidence of graft failure, usually with concomitant autologous marrow reconstitution. Between 1983 and 2000, 71 @entity12751 @entity1 underwent @entity8 at the University of Minnesota. Of these 71, 19 (27%) experienced graft failure. We report @entity8 outcomes in all 11 @entity12751 @entity1 receiving a second @entity8 at the University of Minnesota. Median age at second @entity8 was 25 months (range, 16 to 45 months); median time from first @entity8 was 8 months (range, 4 to 18.5 months). The conditioning regimen consisted of @entity786 /TBI/ATG (n = 8) or @entity1863 / @entity786 /ATG (n = 3). The source of bone marrow was an unrelated donor in six, matched sibling in four, and mismatched related in one. Five of the 11 grafts were T cell depleted prior to infusion. Overall, 10 of 11 @entity1 showed donor-derived engraftment, of whom three developed grade 3 to 4 acute GVHD. Five of 11 @entity1 are surviving a median of 25 months (range, 2 months to 12 years) with an overall actuarial survival of 50% (95% CI, 27% to 93%) at 4 years. All five show sustained donor engraftment with normalization of IDU activity levels. Three of five evaluable @entity1 demonstrated stabilization of neuropsychological function after second @entity8 . Currently, allogeneic donor-derived hematopoiesis provides the only chance for long-term survival and improved quality of life in @entity12751 @entity1 . While graft failure in @entity12751 @entity1 requires further investigation, a timely second @entity8 can be well-tolerated and beneficial.

title: Outcome of second @entity8 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['HCT', 'hematopoietic cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity12751 :: ('MESH:D008059', 'Disease') :: ['Hurler', 'HS', 'Hurler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive, inherited metabolic storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity12751 :: (MESH:D008059,Disease) :: ['Hurler syndrome']


abstract: AIMS: @entity6 and amputations severely reduce quality of life and have major economic consequences. The aim of this study was to estimate time trends in the incidence of @entity1746 amputations in Danish @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: We studied major and minor @entity1746 amputations from 2000 to 2011 among 11,332 @entity1 with @entity6 from the Steno @entity6 Center. Amputations were identified by linkage of the electronic medical system with the National @entity1 Registry. Sex-specific incidence rates of amputations by age, @entity6 duration, calendar time and @entity6 @entity164 were modelled by Poisson regression. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2011, 384 incident @entity1746 amputations (205 major, 179 minor) occurred during 100,495 years of @entity1 follow-up. From 2000 to 2011, the incidence of all @entity1746 amputations decreased by 87.5% among @entity1 and 47.4% among @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 and by 83.3% among @entity1 and 79.1% among @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (P < 0.001). In particular, there was a decline in major @entity1746 amputations. In 2011, the incidence rates of major @entity1746 amputations were 0.25 (95% CI 0.07-0.82) among @entity1 and 0.21 (95% CI 0.06-0.71) among @entity1 per 1000 @entity1 -years at age 50 years and 0.56 (95% CI 0.18-1.89) among @entity1 and 0.41 (95% CI 0.16-1.09) among @entity1 per 1000 @entity1 -years at age 70 years. No significant change in incidence of minor amputations was observed. CONCLUSION: The incidence of major @entity1746 amputations reduced significantly from 2000 to 2011 in Danish @entity1 with @entity6 followed at a @entity6 specialist centre.

title: Reduced incidence of XXXX amputations in a Danish @entity6 population from 2000 to 2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'Diabetic foot disease']

answer: @entity1746 :: (MESH:D020335,Disease) :: ['lower-extremity']


abstract: In order to investigate the frequency of corneal micro-deposits of @entity2643 and its relationship to age, sex, dose and treatment duration, we studied one-hundred-fifty consecutive @entity1 from 1982 to 1986. The average age was 33.8 +/- 17.5 years for eighty @entity1 and seventy @entity1 . The mean weekly dose was of 1.1 +/- 0.3 g and the duration was 23.7 +/- 15.3 months. A complete eye examination was performed in all cases. The corneal micro-deposits were classified in three levels according to their density. In one-hundred-fourteen cases there were corneal micro-deposits; sixty-nine had grade I, thirty grade II and fifteen grade III. None had @entity227 . There was only a direct statistical correlation between age and micro-deposit levels. Nine cases had also deposits of pigment in the lens. Two cases presented @entity2372 which by their involution after withdrawal of the drug was considered to be @entity2643 -related. Fifteen cases presented @entity14985 , and ten, chronic non-secreting @entity2024 . Therefore, age is a determinant factor for corneal accumulation of @entity2643 micro-deposits.

title: [ XXXX keratopathy. Prospective longitudinal study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['atypical keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity14985 :: ('MESH:D001762', 'Disease') :: ['chronic blepharitis']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['Amiodarone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that pegylated liposomal @entity632 (LD) is effective in the treatment of relapsing or recalcitrant @entity784 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the activity and @entity137 of LD in @entity1 with stage @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ). METHODS: In this retrospective study, we evaluated outcomes and recorded adverse effects in 10 @entity1 with @entity4888 (seven @entity1 and three @entity1 ) with extracutaneous involvement. @entity1 were treated with LD 20 mg m(-2) administered intravenously every 4 weeks. RESULTS: All @entity1 received at least two cycles of LD, three @entity1 received four cycles and one @entity1 received six cycles. Three @entity1 (30%) had a partial response and two @entity1 had stable disease. Grade 1-2 @entity1210 occurred in three of the 10 @entity1 , and grade 4 @entity1210 in one. Three @entity1 had grade 2 @entity709 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that LD is beneficial in terms of activity and @entity137 in stage IVB @entity4888 . These observations should be verified in larger studies.

title: Pegylated liposomal XXXX in stage @entity4888 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['IVB mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['palmoplantar erythrodysaesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: PURPOSE: We have previously reported the expression of muscarinic @entity934 receptors (mAChR) in @entity1 @entity0 . The activation of these receptors triggered @entity5 cell proliferation. Considering that invasion and @entity3 is the major cause of @entity204 in @entity5 , we investigated the action of autoantibodies against mAChR derived from @entity0 @entity1 in stage I (T1N0Mx-IgG) on MCF-7 cells migration and metalloproteinase-9 ( @entity1495 ) activity. We also analyzed the participation of phospholipase C/ @entity842 synthase/protein kinase C pathway. METHODS: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was purified by chromatography in protein G-agarose from blood samples of @entity0 @entity1 obtained under informed consent. Migration was assayed by an in vitro wound assay. @entity1495 activity was quantified by zymography. RESULTS: T1N0Mx-IgG promoted @entity5 cell migration and increased @entity1495 activity mimicking the action of the muscarinic agonist @entity5402 . This effect was reduced not only by the presence of @entity3897 but also by @entity4139 or @entity12023 , antagonists for M(3) and M(4) mAChR subtypes respectively. The actions of T1N0Mx-IgG and @entity5402 on MCF-7 cells, involved the participation of phospholipase C/ @entity842 synthase/protein kinase C pathway. CONCLUSIONS: IgG from @entity0 @entity1 in stage I could be promoting @entity5 progression by regulating migration and @entity1495 activity in @entity5 cells via mAChR activation. The presence of these autoantibodies could be determining the prognosis of @entity0 in these @entity1 .

title: Immunoglobulin g from @entity0 @entity1 regulates MCF-7 cells migration and @entity1495 activity by stimulating muscarinic XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity12023 :: ('MESH:D014331', 'Chemical') :: ['tropicamide']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: Reported here is our experience with a single or double-face new procedure using a pedicled labial flap for urethral reconstruction in @entity1 treated for extensive @entity16 after @entity130 . Between January 1992 to July 1997, 56 cases of @entity16 on African female @entity1 , with an average age of 18 years old, were treated by pedicled labial urethroplasty. This procedure was done by using a single or double-face pedicled flap obtained from the major or minor labia. The flap was then introduced as in a tunnel beneath the vaginal epithelium reaching the damaged urethra. A variety of techniques were proposed: patch for sufficient lengthening (27 cases), tubularized flap allowing complete reconstruction of the urethra (18 cases) and the double-face urethroplasty (11 cases). Good quality urine continence was obtained by using the sub urethral Martius'sling procedure. In 11 cases, we combined the treatment with a colposuspension procedure. The average follow-up was 23 months (ranging from 5 to 47 months). The global success was 82% (52 @entity1 treated). Recovery of normal miction and absence of urinary leak was obtained in 36 cases (69%). While 7 moderate failures occurred (13%), 9 cases were considered complete failures (17%). In view of the high success rate, we consider that the one-stage procedure by the use of a single or double face pedicled labial flap is a choice treatment and highly suitable for the management of extensive @entity16 after @entity130 .

title: [Utilization of a pedicled labial flap, single or double face, for the management of post-obstetric XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['urethral cervical damage', 'urethral damage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['obstetrical injury']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['urethral damage']


abstract: The influence of fixation and enzymatic digestions on the ability of a denatured double-stranded DNA probe to bind specifically to related sequences of RNA and DNA in sections of Lowicryl embedded cells was investigated. Specificity of the hybridization was assessed using a biotinylated cloned subgenomic @entity3307 DNA fragment to localize viral nucleic acids in sections of infected cells. The probe was detected by anti- @entity1885 antibodies and indirect immunogold labeling. Controls indicated that protease digestion of proteins from the section eliminated non-specific binding of the probe and labeling of endogenous @entity1885 . Both @entity406 and @entity3584 fixation retained viral RNA in protease digested sections. Its labeling was randomly and sparsely distributed over the fibrillo-granular network of the infected nucleus and over the ribosome-rich regions of cytoplasm. Labeling of single-stranded portions of viral DNA in protease-RNase digested sections was infrequent. It was located precisely over nucleoids of a few viral nucleocapsids whatever their location in the cell and their stage of maturation. Labeling of double-stranded viral DNA by denaturation of the DNA in the sections of Lowicryl embedded cells was possible after fixation with @entity406 but not @entity3584 . Among several denaturation protocols, 0.5 N @entity6674 treatment was best for hybridization of both non-encapsidated and encapsidated viral DNA in protease-RNase digested sections. Free viral genomes were detected exclusively within the virus-replicating region of infected nuclei. Labeling of viral nucleoids was independent of their location in the cell. The high percentage of labeled viral nucleoids suggests that the related viral DNA sequence is not aggregated in the nucleoid but is extended and therefore numerous portions of this defined DNA sequence are accessible at the surface of the section for the binding of the probe.

title: Ultrastructural localization of defined sequences of viral RNA and DNA by in situ hybridization of biotinylated DNA probes on sections of XXXX infected cells.

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['herpes simplex virus type 1']

answer: @entity3307 :: (10298,Species) :: ['herpes simplex virus type 1']


abstract: It has been suggested that the percentage of non-protein-bound or free @entity53 (E2) is abnormally high in @entity1 with @entity0 . In this study, the serum @entity53 profiles of a large group of @entity1 were analysed to determine whether a significant correlation could be found between serum @entity53 and various @entity1558 . In addition @entity53 levels were measured in relation to @entity443 ( @entity443 ), albumin levels, @entity2931 receptor status and family history of @entity0 . Serum samples were taken from a total of 300 @entity1 who had either no @entity1558 , @entity1558 or @entity0 . The percentage of free @entity53 was found to be highest in @entity1 with @entity0 , lowest in the control group and intermediate for the @entity1 with @entity1558 . These differences were most marked in post-menopausal @entity1 . The absolute values for total and free @entity53 were not statistically different in the three groups studied. There did not appear to be a correlation between @entity2931 receptor (ER) concentration in @entity0 tissue and free E2 percentage levels. @entity1 who had a family history of @entity0 did not appear to have higher percentage levels of free E2 than those with no such history. The presence of elevated proportions of free @entity53 in the serum of @entity1 with @entity0 may be significant in regard to understanding the aetiology of @entity0 . There also may be important implications for the use of this measurement in the earlier diagnosis and detection of @entity0 .

title: Serum XXXX in @entity1 with and without @entity1558 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast neoplasia', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast disease', 'breast disease', 'breast diseases']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['oestradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of adjuvant radiotherapy in @entity1204 has changed in recent years. This updated Cochrane systematic review aimed to reexamine the efficacy and @entity137 of adjuvant radiotherapy vs no treatment in @entity1204 . METHODS: We searched various databases including The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Specialised Register of the Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Review Group (CGCRG) for randomized controlled trials that met the predefined inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ); secondary outcomes were @entity1204 -specific survival, locoregional recurrence, distant recurrence, and @entity137 . Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated and pooled if possible; otherwise, dichotomous data were extracted. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Of the eight included trials, seven trials (3628 @entity1 ) compared external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and no EBRT (or vaginal brachytherapy [VBT]), and one trial (645 @entity1 ) compared VBT and no additional treatment. EBRT statistically significantly reduced locoregional recurrence compared with no EBRT (or VBT alone) (HR = 0.36, 95% confidence Interval [CI] = 0.25 to 0.52; P < .001), but this did not translate into an improvement in @entity1349 (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.82 to 1.20; P = .95), @entity1204 -specific survival (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.72 to 1.28; P = .80), or distant recurrence rates (risk ratio = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.80 to 1.35; P = .77). EBRT was associated with an increased risk of severe acute @entity137 , severe late @entity137 , and reduced quality of life scores. CONCLUSIONS: EBRT reduces the risk of locoregional recurrence but has no statistically significant impact on @entity5 or @entity1349 . However, EBRT is associated with clinically and statistically significant morbidity and a reduction in quality of life.

title: Adjuvant radiotherapy for XXXX : an updated Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'stage I endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['stage I endometrial cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective and consecutive study of surgical results obtained during serial follow-up investigations in @entity1 who underwent surgery for central @entity2649 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the result after surgical decompression for @entity2649 , at regular intervals after surgery, and to correlate these results with values for preoperative parameters; special interest was focused on the results in relation to the degree of constriction of the spinal canal. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The outcome after surgery for spinal @entity850 is debatable; long-term follow-up investigations have indicated deterioration with passing time. Results of studies in nonsurgical @entity1 have demonstrated that the symptoms do not progress with time. Results of a meta-analysis of the literature on surgical results have demonstrated a wide variation of outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective study, 105 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgical decompression (laminectomy with facet-preserving technique, but no fusion) were evaluated at follow-up examinations 4 months and 1, 2, and 5 years after surgery. At the follow-up examinations, the @entity1 's opinion on the surgical result was registered, using a four-grade scale. The occurrence of @entity158 at rest and at night was registered, as well as the @entity1 's walking ability. Statistical analysis was performed, relating the surgical results to @entity1 age, gender, preoperative duration of symptoms and radiographically observed constriction as described in Part I of this study. The radiologist was blinded to @entity1 outcome. Logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 19 @entity1 underwent reoperation, consisting of fusion to treat @entity158 (n = 4), repeat decompression because of progressive @entity850 (n = 13), and repairs in response to surgical complications (n = 2). Follow-up results: The result, related to the recurrence of leg symptoms, deteriorated with passing time. Excellent results were reported by 63% to 67% at 4-month and 2-year follow-ups compared with 52% at the 5-year follow-up. There was a correlation between the constriction of the spinal canal and the outcome at all intervals. @entity1 with an anteroposterior diameter of 6 mm or less at the narrowest site had significantly better results. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between a severe reduction of the anteroposterior diameter and excellent results and a tendency toward better results in @entity1 with a shorter preoperative duration of symptoms. Improvement of walking ability was also associated with a pronounced constriction of the spinal canal. CONCLUSION: The results after surgical decompression in @entity1 with @entity612 deteriorated with time. There was a significant correlation between good result and pronounced constriction of the spinal canal. @entity1 with a preoperative duration of symptoms of less than 4 years and @entity1 with no preoperative @entity615 tended to have better surgical outcomes. The reoperation rate was 18% within 5 years. When surgery for spinal @entity850 is contemplated, these prognostic factors should be taken into consideration: The "ideal @entity1 " has a pronounced constriction of the spinal canal, insignificant @entity615 , no concomitant disease affecting walking ability, and a symptom duration of less than 4 years.

title: A prospective and consecutive study of surgically treated XXXX . Part II: Five-year follow-up by an independent observer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['central spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain', 'back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: @entity281 with high-risk types of @entity1082 ) is known to cause cervical @entity5 ; however, additional genetic and epigenetic alterations are required for progression from @entity1613 to @entity3 . DNA methylation is an early and frequent molecular alteration in cervical @entity105 . In this review, we summarize DNA methylation within the HPV genome and @entity1 genome and identify its clinical implications. Methylation of the HPV long control region (LCR) and L1 gene is common during cervical @entity105 and increases with the severity of the cervical @entity5 . The L1 gene of @entity1799 and HPV18 is consistently hypermethylated in @entity3 and can potentially be used as a clinical marker of @entity5 progression. Moreover, promoters of @entity5 suppressor genes (TSGs) involved in many cellular pathways are methylated in cervical precursors and invasive @entity5 . Some are associated with @entity957 , and others are associated with @entity420 . Identification of methylated TSGs in Pap smear could be an adjuvant test in cervical @entity5 screening for triage of @entity1 with high-risk HPV, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, or @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ). However, consistent panels must be validated for this approach to be translated to the clinic. Furthermore, reversion of methylated TSGs using demethylating drugs may be an alternative anticancer treatment, but demethylating drugs without toxic carcinogenic and mutagenic properties must be identified and validated.

title: Aberrant DNA methylation in cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion', 'LSIL']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Persistent infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus(HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancers', 'invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous disease']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: A monoclonal antibody against phospholamban has been reported to increase @entity141 uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. We compared the effect of this antibody on @entity141 pump @entity4430 activity of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles to the effect of @entity268 -dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban. The antibody markedly stimulated the @entity141 -dependent @entity4430 activity in parallel to the increase in @entity141 uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. When the @entity141 -dependent profile of the @entity4430 activity was compared, the KCa was shifted from 1.24 to 0.62 microM by the antibody, whereas @entity268 -dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban shifted the KCa to 0.84 microM. When cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were treated with both @entity268 -dependent protein kinase and the antibody, the stimulation was the same as that with the antibody alone. Thus, the @entity141 pump @entity4430 seems to be fully activated by the antibody. The stoichiometry between @entity141 uptake and @entity4430 rate was around 1 and no significant change was observed by the treatment with the antibody. Therefore, the stimulation of @entity141 uptake of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum by the antibody occurred by the stimulation of @entity141 pump @entity4430 , not by other mechanisms such as channel activity of phospholamban. These results indicate that the binding of the antibody to phospholamban produces essentially the same mode of action on @entity141 pump @entity4430 as that of phospholamban phosphorylation. The antibody and phospholamban phosphorylation appear to release the inhibitory action of phospholamban on @entity141 pump @entity4430 , resulting in the stimulation of @entity141 pump.

title: Effects of monoclonal antibody against phospholamban on calcium pump XXXX of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.

answer: @entity4430 :: (1769,Gene) :: ['ATPase']


abstract: Split-hand/split-foot @entity600 ( @entity8448 ) has been reported to be caused by deletions, duplications or rearrangements involving the 7q21.3 region harboring @entity8448 , @entity20437 , and @entity6133 . We report on a female @entity1 with unilateral syndactyly of the third and fourth fingers of the right hand and overgrowth and lateral deviation of the right great toe. There was a split foot @entity600 on the right, with absent fifth toe. The left hand was apparently normal and left foot was intact. The @entity1 has no @entity393 . We performed conventional G-banding karyotype analysis, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). G-banding karyotype result was normal 46,XX. However, a duplication of 719   kb (96,303,736-97,022,335; NCBI build36/hg18, March 2006) was identified at the 7q21.3 region by aCGH. The array result was also confirmed by FISH analysis. The duplicated region harbors only @entity20437 and @entity6133 , which are known for their role in @entity8448 . Additionally, FISH analysis of parental samples showed de novo origin of this abnormality in the @entity1 . This is the first report that highlights the duplication of 719   kb at 7q21.3, harboring only @entity20437 and @entity6133 associated with the @entity8448 phenotype.

title: A 0.7   Mb de novo duplication at 7q21.3 including the genes @entity20437 and @entity6133 in a XXXX with split-hand/split-foot @entity600 .

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate arterial vascularity at the level of the proximal tibia as a potential source of the severe intra-operative @entity548 , which has been previously reported as a complication during tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and @entity6629 ( @entity6629 ) surgeries in @entity235 . To devise a surgical approach for the management of this complication. METHOD: Eight pelvic limbs from five @entity235 cadavers were dissected and the vascular structures at the level of the proximal tibia were identified and photographed. An arterial phase angiogram was performed on a sixth cadaver to further describe the vasculature in situ . Additional dissection was performed on four pelvic limbs to devise a medial surgical approach to the popliteal artery and the cranial tibial artery proximal to the stifle. RESULTS: The cranial tibial artery was identified as the most likely source of profuse @entity548 if damaged during proximal tibial osteotomy. Its course and branching are described. A simple medial approach to the popliteal artery at the level of its bifurcation into the cranial and caudal tibial arteries was developed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding of the vascular anatomy at the level of the proximal tibia may prevent @entity16 and resulting @entity548 during TPLO and @entity6629 surgeries. Temporary occlusion of the cranial tibial artery can be achieved through a simple medial approach, proximal to the stifle, in the event of severe @entity548 associated with TPLO or @entity6629 .

title: Anatomical investigation of the XXXX cranial tibial artery.

entities_list: @entity6629 :: ('MESH:C535318', 'Disease') :: ['TTO', 'triple tibial osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic damage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhaging']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To ascertain the impact of postpartum onset (PPO) on the subsequent time course of @entity1316 . METHODS: This retrospective study compared per year rates of excited ( @entity162 or mixed) and @entity308 episodes between fifty-five @entity1 with @entity162 (N = 22) or major @entity308 (N = 33) disorders with first episode occurring postpartum (within four weeks after childbirth according to @entity915 ) and 218 non-postpartum onset (NPPO) controls. Such @entity1 had a traceable illness course consisting of one or more episodes alternating with complete symptom remission and no additional diagnoses of @entity74 , @entity1032 or brain organic diseases. A number of variables reported to influence the course of @entity1316 were controlled for as possible confounding factors RESULTS: Bipolar @entity1 with @entity74 had fewer excited episodes (p = 0.005) and fewer episodes of both polarities (p = 0.005) compared to non-postpartum onset subjects. No differences emerged in the rates of @entity308 episodes. All @entity1 who met criteria for rapid cycling @entity162 (7 out of 123) were in the NPPO group. Among major @entity308 , PPO @entity1 experienced fewer episodes (p = 0.016). With respect to clinical and treatment features, PPO- @entity4696 subjects had less @entity1314 comorbidity (p = 0.023) and were less likely to be on maintenance treatment compared to NPPO comparison subjects (p = 0.002) CONCLUSION: Such preliminary findings suggest that PPO @entity1316 may be characterized by a less recurrent time course. Future research in this field should elucidate the role of comorbid @entity1314 and treatment. Moreover it should clarify whether @entity74 are also associated with a more positive outcome in terms of social functioning and quality of life.

title: Influence of postpartum onset on the course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressives', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity915 :: ('MESH:D053632', 'Disease') :: ['DSM-IV definition']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['postpartum onset disorder', 'axis I disorders', 'PPO disorders']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder', 'personality disorders']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: Distal blocks are not recommended even for a short procedure when a tourniquet is used. This study was designed to evaluate the tolerance, effectiveness, @entity1 acceptance and safety of distal blocks at the wrist. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 (n=273, mean age 53 +/-15 yr) undergoing endoscopic @entity923 release with a pneumatic tourniquet were included in this study. The median nerve was blocked 6 cm above the wrist crease by injecting 10 mL of 2% @entity3303 and 0.5% @entity1341 (v/v). The ulnar nerve was blocked by injecting 8 mL of the same anesthetic mixture below the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon 6 cm above the wrist crease. Finally, 2 mL of local anesthetic were infiltrated sc and laterally below the crease to block the musculocutaneous nerve. The intensity of the block was evaluated after five, ten and 20 min. In addition, @entity158 associated with block performance and tolerance of the tourniquet were evaluated. Finally, neurological complications associated with this technique were investigated. Data are presented as means +/- SD. RESULTS: At ten minutes after the block was performed, 9% and 32% of @entity1 required an additional injection to complete the block in the median and ulnar territories, respectively. In more than 75% of @entity1 , performance of the block was associated with either no or mild @entity158 . The tourniquet was inflated for 12.6 +/- 5.4 min and was well tolerated in 99% of @entity1 . Finally, neither transient nor permanent @entity51 were recorded postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Blocks at the wrist are effective, well accepted by the @entity1 and safe when a pneumatic tourniquet is used for a short procedure.

title: Blocks at the wrist provide effective anesthesia for XXXX release.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite significant improvements in perioperative mortality as well as response rates to multimodality treatment, results after surgical resection of @entity788 with respect to long-term outcomes remain disappointing. @entity1 recruitment for prospective international trials on adjuvant and neoadjuvant regimens is challenging for various reasons. We set out to assess the preconditions and potential to perform perioperative trials for @entity788 within a well-established Austrian nationwide network of surgical and medical oncologists (Austrian Breast _ @entity14 Study Group). METHODS: From 2005 to 2010 five high-volume centers and one medium-volume center completed standardized data entry forms with 33 parameters (history and @entity1 related data, preoperative clinical staging and work-up, surgical details and intraoperative findings, @entity260 , reinterventions, reoperations, 30-day mortality, histology, and timing of multimodality treatment). Outside of the study group, in Austria pancreatic resections are performed in three    high-volume    centers (>10 pancreatic resections per year), three    medium-volume    centers (5   10 pancreatic resections per year), and the rest in various low-volume centers (<5 pancreatic resections per year) in Austria. Nationwide data for prevalence of and surgical resections for @entity788 were contributed by the National Cancer Registry of Statistics of Austria and the Austrian Health Institute. RESULTS: In total, 492 consecutive @entity1 underwent pancreatic resection for @entity420 . All @entity260 leading to hospital readmission were treated at the primary surgical department and documented in the database. Overall morbidity and @entity3472 rate were 45.5 % and 10.1 %, respectively. Within the entire cohort there were 9.8 % radiological reinterventions and 10.4 % reoperations. Length of stay was 16 days in median (0   209); 12 of 492 @entity1 died within 30 days after operation, resulting in a 30-day mortality rate of 2.4 %. Seven of the total 19 @entity204 (36.8 %) occurred after 30 days, during hospitalization at the surgical department, resulting in a hospital mortality rate of 3.9 % (19/492). With a standardized histopathological protocol, there were 70 % (21/30) R0 resections, 30 % (9/30) R1 resections, and no R2 resections in Vienna and 62.7 % (32/51) R0 resections, 35.3 % (18/51) R1 resections, and 2 % (1/51) R2 resections in Salzburg. Resection margin status with nonstandardized protocols was classified as R0 in 82 % (339/411), R1 in 16 % (16/411), and R2 in 1.2 % (5/411). Perioperative chemotherapy was administered in 81.1 % of @entity1 (8.3 % neoadjuvant; 68.5 % adjuvant; 4.3 % palliative); chemoradiotherapy (1.6 % neoadjuvant; 3 % adjuvant; 0.2 % palliative), in 4.9 % of @entity1 . The six centers that contributed to this registry initiative provided surgical treatment to 40 % of all Austrian @entity1 , resulting in a median annual recruitment of 85 (51   104) @entity1 for the entire ABCSG-group and a median of 11.8 (0   38) surgeries for each individual department. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical quality data of the ABCSG core pancreatic group are in line with international standards. With continuing centralization the essential potential to perform prospective clinical trials for @entity788 is given in Austria. Several protocol proposals aiming at surgical and multimodality research questions are currently being discussed

title: Preparing for prospective clinical trials: a national initiative of an excellence registry for consecutive XXXX resections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities after a pregnancy complicated by @entity1468 of @entity2142 , elevated liver enzymes and low @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ) and to compare the ECG characteristics, at least six months after pregnancy, between primiparous early-onset @entity1423 @entity1 with and without recurrent @entity1423 . DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre in The Netherlands from 1996 to 2008. SAMPLE: Six hundred and fifty-eight formerly pre-eclamptic @entity1 . For our second objective, we used a subgroup of 79 primiparae with a history of early-onset @entity1423 . METHODS: Data were obtained during a postpartum screening program for @entity1 with @entity101 disorders during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Electrocardiographic abnormalities in @entity1423 @entity1 and characteristics of the ECG in @entity1 with recurrent @entity1423 after a first pregnancy complicated by early-onset @entity1423 . RESULTS: The ECG of 13 (2.0%), two (0.3%) and two (0.3%) former @entity1 suggested @entity63 , @entity4346 and @entity4032 , respectively. Primiparae with recurrent @entity1423 in their second pregnancy differed from their counterparts with an uneventful second pregnancy by a leftward deviation of both the P- and the R-axes of 11   (p= 0.022) and 12   (p= 0.021), respectively, with a prolonged QT interval (p= 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity854 in @entity1 with a recent history of @entity1423 was low and did not differ appreciably from that in a large population of healthy @entity1 of comparable age. The ECGs in primiparae with a history of early-onset @entity1423 who developed recurrent @entity1423 in their second pregnancy differed slightly from @entity1 with an uneventful second pregnancy, probably related to potential confounders.

title: Electrocardiographic findings in XXXX with a recent history of @entity1468 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['ECG abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia and/or syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['left atrial enlargement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of extended-release @entity11440 and @entity2181 at 12 weeks in @entity1 with @entity2182 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The OBJECT (Overactive Bladder: Judging Effective Control and Treatment) study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study conducted between March and October 2000 at 37 US study sites. @entity1 who had between 7 and 50 episodes of urge @entity322 per week and 10 or more voids in 24 hours received extended-release @entity11440 , 10 mg/d, or @entity2181 , 2 mg twice daily. The outcome measures were the number of episodes of urge @entity322 , total @entity322 , and micturition frequency at 12 weeks adjusted for baseline. RESULTS: A total of 315 @entity1 and 63 @entity1 were randomized and treated, and 332 @entity1 (276 @entity1 , 56 @entity1 ) completed the study. At the end of the study, extended-release @entity11440 was significantly more effective than @entity2181 in each of the main outcome measures: weekly urge @entity322 (P=.03), total @entity322 (P=.02), and micturition frequency episodes (P=.02) adjusted for baseline. Both drugs improved symptoms of @entity2182 significantly from baseline to the end of the study as assessed by the 3 main outcome measures (P<.001). @entity2133 , the most common adverse event, was reported by 28.1% and 33.2% of @entity1 taking extended-release @entity11440 and @entity2181 , respectively (P=.32). Rates of central nervous system and other adverse events were low and similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Extended-release @entity11440 was more effective than @entity2181 as measured by end-of-study urge @entity322 , total @entity322 , and micturition frequency episodes. Both groups had similar rates of @entity2133 and other adverse events.

title: Prospective randomized controlled trial of extended-release XXXX and @entity2181 in the treatment of @entity2182 : results of the OBJECT Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['tolterodine tartrate', 'tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry mouth', 'Dry mouth']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin chloride', 'oxybutynin']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder']

answer: @entity11440 :: (MESH:C005419,Chemical) :: ['oxybutynin chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity977 , a kind of familiar benign @entity5 , is mainly treated with surgical operation, medication, and radiation. However, the outcome, especially for @entity977 , is not very satisfactory. This study was to explore the efficacy of @entity5 removal combined gamma knife radiation on @entity977 . METHODS: Clinical data of 160 @entity977 @entity1 were analyzed. Of the 160 @entity1 , 90 received @entity5 removal, 70 received @entity5 removal combined gamma knife radiation. The symptom improvement, @entity5 size change, serum hormone concentration, complications after treatment, and so on, of the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS: At 12 months after treatment, the efficiency rate, recurrence rate, and mortality were 74.4%, 31.1%, and 3.3%, respectively, in @entity5 removal group; however, the efficiency rate reached 91.4%, the recurrence rate decreased to 11.4%, and no @entity1 died in combined therapy group. The follow-up results at 24 months after treatment and at present (over 5 years) showed that though the efficiency rate had descended and recurrence rate or mortality had ascended in both groups, the efficacy of combined therapy was obviously better than that of @entity5 removal. The decrease of serum hormone concentration was more obvious in combined therapy group than in @entity5 removal group at 12 months after treatment. Moreover, @entity5 removal group had more serious complications than combined therapy group after treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity5 removal combined gamma knife radiation is better than @entity5 removal for @entity977 .

title: [Efficacy of total removal or subtotal removal combined gamma knife radiation on XXXX : a report of 160 cases].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'total tumor', 'intracranial tumor', 'total tumor removal or subtotal tumor', 'Subtotal tumor', 'subtotal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary adenoma', 'giant pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['giant pituitary adenoma']


abstract: We have undertaken a series of experiments using @entity17234 null mutant @entity19 to better define the role of endogenous @entity17234 in spinal excitability following @entity32 and in response to centrally sensitizing stimuli. We have employed a behavioural paradigm, the @entity406 test, as a model of @entity10237 in both @entity17234 knock-out (gal-/-) and wild-type (gal+/+) @entity19 . In this model, we find that gal-/- @entity19 are markedly hypo-responsive, especially in the second phase response. Additionally, we have examined the thermal @entity1931 which develops following peripheral injection of carrageenan into the plantar surface of one hindpaw. In this inflammatory paradigm, thermal @entity1931 is markedly attenuated in gal-/- @entity19 . These behavioural findings suggest that endogenous @entity17234 contributes to nociceptive processing. We have tested this hypothesis further by employing an electrophysiological measure of spinal excitability, the flexor withdrawal reflex in gal-/- and gal+/+ @entity19 . We found no differences in acute reflex responses to single stimuli at C-fibre strength or in the time course and magnitude of wind-up induced by a short conditioning train between non-inflamed gal+/+ and gal-/- @entity19 . However, the long-lasting post-conditioning enhancement of reflex excitability was only seen in gal+/+ @entity19 . Moreover, following carrageenan @entity32 , there was a marked increase in spinal nociceptive reflex excitability in the inflamed gal+/+ @entity19 , but this enhanced excitability was absent in gal-/- animals. These findings illustrate that endogenous @entity17234 is necessary for the full expression of central sensitization, and as such, plays a critical role in the development of @entity1931 following peripheral tissue injury.

title: Endogenous @entity17234 potentiates spinal nociceptive processing following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity10237 :: ('MESH:D059226', 'Disease') :: ['tonic nociception']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Low aromatic and dearomatized white spirits (deWS) are often considered less hazardous to health than 'standard' or aromatic white sprit (stdWS, 15-20% aromatics). However, data on health effects of deWS in @entity1 are sparse and controlled exposure studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare deWS and stdWS with respect to @entity146 and @entity32 . Six female and six male healthy volunteers were exposed on five occasions in balanced order to 100 or 300 mg m(-3) deWS (0.002% aromatics) or stdWS (19% aromatics), or to clean air, for 4 h at rest. Discomfort in the eyes, nose and throat and breathing difficulty were assessed by ratings on visual analogue scales. The only significant increases in ratings (compared to clean air) were seen for eye @entity146 at the high stdWS exposure and for solvent smell at all but the low deWS exposure. Excluding smell, all average ratings were at the lower end of the 0-100 mm scale, and did not exceed the verbal expression 'somewhat'. Ratings during stdWS exposure tended to be higher than during deWS exposure. No exposure-related effects on pulmonary function, nasal swelling, nasal airway resistance, breathing frequency, blinking frequency, plasma inflammatory markers ( @entity1851 , @entity650 ) or biochemical variables ( @entity1372 , @entity972 , amylase, @entity908 kinase, urate) were seen. In conclusion, stdWS appears to be slightly more irritating than deWS. This could, however, not be confirmed by objective measurements.

title: Acute effects of exposure to vapours of standard and dearomatized white spirits in @entity1 . 2. Irritation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: During the past decade the rehabilitation field has developed new, non-hospital based programmes of cognitive, behavioural, social, educational and vocational treatments to address the higher order cognitive, @entity51 following @entity1545 . These new arrays of programmes are referred to under the term 'post-acute' rehabilitation. No comprehensive, methodologically sound study of the effects of these new treatments has been made to date. This paper reports data from brain-injured @entity1 who underwent treatment within a co-ordinated system of post-acute @entity1545 rehabilitation programmes. This system consists of a continuum of neurobehavioural, residential, day treatment and community and home programmes, and provides overt components of medical and rehabilitation care: behavioural management; activities of daily living, self-management, @entity734 , social, @entity4207 and vocational skills training; counselling; and family education. The changes in function during the course of treatment by this post-acute sequence of rehabilitation have been obtained and are reported here. A defined total population of N = 192 is examined, with exclusions for appropriate causes (e.g. @entity1 seen only for evaluation) producing a study population of N = 173; of these, follow-up was achieved in 145 cases, a follow-up rate of 83.8%. Time from date of injury to data of admission, severity of deficit at time of admission to programme, and other appropriate independent variables are used to characterize the population. A single-blind interview methodology was employed in obtaining dependent measures of outcome at 6, 12, or 24 month periods post-discharge. Measures of outcome included residential status, level of productivity activity and hours per day of attendant care or supervision required. Dependent variables were analysed for the total study population and a subgroup greater than 1 year from date of injury at entry to treatment and not from a treatment facility. Results are presented in terms of the percentage change in dependent measures from the point of admission to follow-up. Appropriate parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses of significance have been carried out. The results document substantial improvements in function during the post-acute rehabilitation of this population and such improvements are unlikely to be the result of spontaneous improvement alone.

title: XXXX : analysis of outcome in a post-acute rehabilitation system. Part 1: General analysis.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain-injury', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural and social deficits']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance-abuse']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['Brain injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the present study, the acute @entity137 profiles for prostate @entity1 treated with @entity15929 ( @entity15929 ) with volumetric modulated arcs in a hypofractionated regime are reported. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 70  @entity1 treated with RapidArc between May 2010 and September 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. @entity1 were stratified into low (36%), intermediate (49%), and high-risk (16%) groups. Target volumes (expanded to define the planning volumes ( @entity343 )) were clinical target volume (CTV) 1: prostate; CTV2: CTV1 + seminal vesicles; CTV3: CTV2 + pelvic nodes. Low-risk @entity1 received 71.4  Gy to PTV1; intermediate-risk 74.2  Gy to PTV1 and 61.6 or 65.5  Gy to PTV2; high-risk 74.2  Gy to PTV1, 61.6 or 65.5  Gy to PTV2, and 51.8  Gy to PTV3. All treatments were in 28  fractions. The median follow-up was 11  months (range 3.5-23  months). The acute rectal, @entity344 were scored according to EORTC/RTOG scales. RESULTS: Acute @entity137 were recorded for the GU [G0   =   31/70 (44%), G1   =   22/70 (31%); G2   =   16/70 (23%); G3   =   1/70 (1%)], the rectum [G0   =   46/70 (66%); G1   =   12/70 (17%); G2   =   12/70 (17%); no G3], and the GI [G0   =   54/69 (77%); G1   =   11/69 (16%); G2   =   4/69 (6%); no G3]. Median time to rectal, GU, and GI @entity137 were 27, 30, and 33 days, respectively. Only the @entity344 correlated with stage and pelvic irradiation. Univariate analysis presented significant correlations between @entity344 and intestinal irradiation (V(50  Gy) and V(60  Gy)). In the multivariate analysis, the only significant dosimetric variable was V(50  Gy) for the intestinal cavity. CONCLUSION: Moderate hypofractionation with @entity15929 and RapidArc was shown to be safe, with acceptable acute @entity137 . Longer follow-up is needed to assess late @entity137 and clinical outcome.

title: Moderate hypofractionation and @entity15929 with volumetric modulated arc therapy (RapidArc) for prostate cancer. Report of feasibility and acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI toxicity', 'gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities']

entities_list: @entity15929 :: ('MESH:C565771', 'Disease') :: ['SIB', 'simultaneous integrated boost']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: @entity1 attending the emergency room with acute @entity565 , participating in a study comparing @entity3045 ( @entity3045 in the United States) via a dry powder inhaler (Turbuhaler) with pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI), were included in this 1-week follow-up study with the aim of assessing whether inhaled @entity4184 via Turbuhaler may be an alternative to @entity617 tablets after an acute @entity565 attack. Eighty-one @entity1 with a mean age of 38 years and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) of 64% predicted normal value after treatment with @entity3045 were randomized in this double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group study. The doses given were @entity4184 1600 microg b.i.d. or @entity617 in daily doses from 40 mg (day 1) decreased to 5 mg (day 7). FEV1 was recorded before and after the 7-day treatments and peak expiratory flow (PEF) morning and evening, clinical symptoms (visual analogue scale 0-100), and doses of rescue medication ( @entity4183 Turbuhaler 0.25 mg/dose) were recorded daily. The mean increase in FEV1 from baseline to day 7 was 17.3% in the @entity4184 Turbuhaler group and 17.6% in the @entity617 group. Mean values of morning PEF increased from day 1 to day 7 by 67 L/min in the @entity4184 Turbuhaler group and by 57 L/min in the @entity617 group (not significant). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in clinical symptoms and in the number of doses of rescue medication. Because of @entity66 , five @entity1 in the Turbuhaler group and three in the @entity617 group needed additional symptomatic as well as corticosteroid treatment. Inhaled @entity4184 in high doses may be a substitute for oral therapy as follow-up treatment after an acute @entity565 attack.

title: High-dose inhaled @entity4184 may substitute for oral therapy after an acute XXXX attack.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease deterioration']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol', 'albuterol']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity453 occur in approximately in 1-2% of the population. The split origin of branches of the left coronary artery is a relatively common @entity154 , usually with no significant observable @entity299 . The application of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) for cardiac imaging is increasing and becoming, along with other techniques, a recognised method of examination of the coronary arteries. In the case presented we observed in an ECG-gated MSCT the anomalous origin and proximal course of the arteries of the left sinus of Valsalva. The ostiae of both coronary arteries were located unusually: the ostium of the @entity3980 was found posterior to the ostium of the LCx. Because of this, the proximal part of the @entity3980 crossed the proximal part of the LCx superiorly. Furthermore, muscular bridges were found in the middle part and in the first diameter branch of the @entity3980 . To our knowledge, this is the first case of a crossed course of the LCx and the @entity3980 to be presented in the literature. Applications of MSCT in coronary imaging are presented in comparison with other diagnostic imaging methods. The advantages and limitations of MSCT as a diagnostic tool for anomalies of the coronary arteries are discussed.

title: An unusual crossed course of separately originating left circumflex and left anterior descending arteries with XXXX found in multi-slice computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery anomalies']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of cardiac function']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['concomitant anomalies']