abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 62-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of recurrent @entity490 18 months after @entity151 ( @entity151 ) had been diagnosed and remission achieved with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The abdomen was soft on palpation, but pressure on the epigastric region was @entity158 . Symptomatic treatment brought improvement, but 16 hours after admission the @entity1 complained of severe diffuse @entity490 . Abdominal findings were unchanged. He was pale and in a cold sweat. Heart sounds were decreased, while auscultation and percussion of the lung were unremarkable. INVESTIGATION: @entity880 dehydrogenase and @entity492 -aminotransferase concentrations were markedly raised and the serum @entity1011 was increased, while the Quick value was decreased. The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed low voltage and alternating electrical @entity299 . Chest radiogram demonstrated a double-contour cardiac silhouette suggesting a large @entity2294 , confirmed on echocardiography, which also showed a pendulum-like cardiac motion. The needle aspirate of the pericardial fluid contained malignant cells. DIAGNOSIS: These findings indicated malignant, hemodynamically significant @entity2294 due to a recurrence of @entity151 , with pronounced abdominal symptoms and advanced @entity712 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: Pericardiocentesis brought about marked improvement. 30 mg @entity900 was injected into the pericardial sac and chemotherapy resumed. The ECG became normal. There was no @entity5 progression over the following 4 months when the @entity2294 recurred, chemotherapy (4 cycles of @entity3003 and @entity2879 ) was restarted and another infusion of @entity900 undertaken. CONCLUSION: This case report illustrates a not uncommon manifestation of @entity2 , @entity2294 , first becoming symptomatic as severe @entity490 . Characteristic changes in the chest radiogram and the ECG provided the diagnosis, confirmed histologically.

title: [Alternating electric XXXX in a @entity1 with @entity151 ].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion', 'malignant pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart axis']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart axis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated whether the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) scoring system can be used for the selection of adjuvant intravesical therapies for individual @entity1 who undergo transurethral resection (TURB) for non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 469 TURB cases for NMIBC. Clinical and pathological variables were compared using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rate was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare groups divided according to EORTC score or type of adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: The overall @entity1349 rate at 1 and 3  years was 59.1 and 40.3  %, respectively. Of the total, 424 TURB cases (90.4  %) had an EORTC score of 1-9. @entity5 number, size, and grade were significant predictors of time to recurrence. The EORTC score was a significant predictor of @entity1349 according to multivariate analysis, and the hazard ratios increased according to each EORTC score in multivariate analysis of a combination of EORTC score and adjuvant therapies. In groups with intermediate recurrence risk as defined by the European Association of Urology guidelines, the recurrence prevention effects in @entity1 with an EORTC score of >= 5 were significantly greater with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin therapy than with weekly intravesical chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The EORTC scoring system provides useful information for the selection of adjuvant therapies for @entity1 at intermediate risk of NMIBC recurrence.

title: Selection of adjuvant intravesical therapies using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 scoring system in XXXX at intermediate risk of non-muscle-invasive @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to present an automated system that analyzes digitized x-ray images of small animal spines identifying the effects of @entity1797 . The age-related disc and spine degeneration that occurs in the sand @entity35 (Psammomys obesus) has previously been documented radiologically; selected representative radiographs with age-related changes were used here to develop computer-assisted vertebral visualization/analysis techniques. Techniques presented here have the potential to produce quantitative algorithms that create more accurate and informative measurements in a time efficient manner. METHODS: Signal and image processing techniques were applied to digitized spine x-ray images the spine was segmented, and orientation and curvature determined. The image was segmented based on orientation changes of the spine; edge detection was performed to define vertebral boundaries. Once vertebrae were identified, a number of measures were introduced and calculated to retrieve information on the vertebral separation/orientation and @entity1463 . RESULTS: A method is described which produces computer-generated quantitative measurements of vertebrae and disc spaces. Six sand @entity35 spine radiographs illustrate applications of this technique. Results showed that this method can successfully automate calculation and analysis of vertebral length, vertebral spacing, vertebral angle, and can score @entity1463 . Techniques also provide quantitative means to explore the relation between age and vertebral shape. CONCLUSIONS: This method provides a computationally efficient system to analyze spinal changes during aging. Techniques can be used to automate the quantitative processing of vertebral radiographic images and may be applicable to @entity1 and other animal radiologic models of the aging/degenerating spine.

title: Computer aided vertebral visualization and analysis: a methodology using the sand XXXX , a small animal model of @entity1797 .

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: We defined the antitumor effects of @entity1749 alone and in combination with @entity229 in @entity1 with progressive, castration resistant metastatic @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 @entity1 with progressive castration resistant disease were treated in 2 groups. Cohort 1 received 1.5 mg/m2 @entity1749 intravenously twice weekly for 2 cycles (2 weeks on and 1 week off), followed by 1.6 mg/m2 weekly (4 weeks on and 2 weeks off). @entity229 (10 mg) was given orally throughout. Cohort 2 comprised @entity1 with limited chemotherapy exposure who received a decreased dose of @entity1749 (1.3 mg/m2) during the induction period with @entity229 added only at disease progression. The primary end point was no evidence of disease progression at 12 weeks, defined as no increase in @entity1486 from baseline and no radiographic progression. @entity650 was assessed to correlate with antitumor effects. RESULTS: One of 24 evaluable @entity1 (4%) achieved the primary end point. In cohort 1, 18 @entity1 were treated, 13 were evaluable for response and 4 discontinued treatment due to @entity137 , including 3 before attaining the point of being evaluable. No @entity1 achieved the primary end point. In cohort 2, 12 @entity1 were treated and 11 were evaluable for response. @entity137 was slightly mitigated compared with that in cohort 1. One @entity1 achieved the primary end point. @entity650 did not correlate with posttreatment @entity1486 changes in either cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity650 and other pathways regulated by nuclear factor-kappa B may be legitimate targets, treatment with @entity1749 alone and with @entity229 does not appear to have significant antitumor effects in @entity1 with castration resistant metastatic @entity263 .

title: A phase II trial of @entity1749 and @entity229 for castration resistant metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-6', 'interleukin-6']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone', 'prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: A host's immune-defense system is suppressive by many factors in @entity1 with @entity5 . We have previously shown one possible mechanism behind the @entity784 , whereby @entity274 secreted from macrophages in tumor-draining lymph node (MTDL) induced @entity784 with down-regulation of TCR zeta molecules. In the present study, we analyzed how MTDL affect T cells, with a particular focus on T-cell apoptosis, by co-culturing MTDL with autologous peripheral blood T cells in @entity356 . Moreover, we characterized the MTDL according to surface marker, @entity26 -burst capacity and intracellular cytokine status. T-cell apoptosis was significantly induced in comparison to T-cell alone control in @entity1 with @entity1442 , concomitant to the elevated caspase activity and following impaired T-cell function. In @entity1 with @entity66 , no significant difference was seen in the proportions of T cells that underwent apoptosis between T cells plus MTDL and T cells alone. Moreover, the addition of a selective scavenger of @entity274 , @entity2196 inhibited the apoptosis of T cells co-cultured with MTDL in @entity1 with @entity1442 . In the characterization of MTDL, the production of @entity274 in MTDL from @entity1442 was significantly higher than that in @entity66 . The amounts of intracellular @entity688 and IL-12 in MTDL in @entity1442 were significantly higher than those in @entity66 . These results indicated that MTDL induced apoptosis of autologous T cells and this @entity784 was mediated by @entity274 derived from MTDL. Furthermore, the characteristics of MTDL including the capacity of @entity26 -burst and intracellular cytokine production were different depending on the disease progression.

title: Macrophages in tumor-draining lymph node with different characteristics induce T-cell apoptosis in XXXX with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A previously healthy 16-year-old @entity1 developed @entity810 following a track race at a local athletic meeting. Several hours after the run, he expressed @entity158 in the loins with @entity390 and @entity391 . After 3 sessions of hemodialysis, he was referred to our hospital. On admission, serum @entity1011 was elevated to 2.3 mg/dl without an increase in serum @entity414 level. After recovery from @entity810 ( @entity810 ), @entity25114 (0.7 mg/dl) became evident in the @entity1 . One year later, he suffered from @entity810 after a track race with the highest @entity1011 levels of 1.1 mg/dl. In order to clarify the cause and prognosis of @entity810 with @entity8 , we summarized the clinical features in 18 @entity1 previously described and our patient. Serum @entity414 levels after recovery from @entity810 were below 1.0 mg/dl in all @entity1 . Renal biopsy in 9 @entity1 showed @entity4295 in 8 @entity1 and @entity414 @entity8 in 1. The short-term prognosis of these @entity1 seemed good, although 5 @entity1 needed to undergo hemodialysis in their @entity810 courses. However, the recurrence of @entity810 episodes occurred in 6 @entity1 (31.6%) including our @entity1 , indicating that prevention of @entity810 might be necessary in these @entity1 . More information is required to establish guidance for prevention of @entity810 .

title: Exercise-induced XXXX with @entity8 : a case report and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity25114 :: ('MESH:C537757', 'Disease') :: ['hypouricemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal hypouricemia']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To date, only a few series of @entity1 with @entity625 have been published. The charts of @entity1 with @entity5 were collected in order to describe characteristics of this @entity627 . METHODS: A questionnaire was created for this study and validated by experts based on specific criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Histology of @entity5 was included. RESULTS: In all, 16 males and 10 females with a mean (range) age of 57.5 years (28-85) were recruited from 17 nationwide centres in France. @entity1 presented with symmetric @entity625 involving wrists and hands (85%) and extra-articular symptoms were frequent (84%). There was no specific biologic or radiographic feature. The mean (range) delay between the diagnosis of @entity627 and @entity5 was 3.6 months (0-21.2). @entity5 were usually diagnosed after articular symptoms occurred (88.5%). Twenty @entity1 had a solid @entity5 , and six a @entity5 . @entity420 of the lungs was the most frequent type of solid @entity5 (60%). @entity5 were diagnosed at an early stage, which may explain the good median survival of 1.21 years (range 0.64-present) with a mean follow-up of 1.9 years (range 0.16-10). The percentage of articular symptoms resolution was significantly higher in @entity1 with solid @entity5 , as compared to @entity1 with haemopathy (p = 0.007). In cases of @entity5 relapse, @entity627 did not recur for 75% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Underlying @entity5 should be considered in male @entity1 with new onset @entity625 , smokers, and particularly in @entity1 chronically ill. Additional investigations should then be performed to diagnose @entity5 at an early stage.

title: Characteristics and survival of 26 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic symptoms', 'rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'haematological malignancy', 'cancer-associated arthritis', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'neoplasia', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['paraneoplastic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Safety concerns about the use of radiation-based imaging such as computed tomography (CT) in @entity1 have resulted in national recommendations to use ultrasound (US) for the diagnosis of @entity698 when possible. We evaluated the trends in CT and US use in a statewide sample and the accuracy of these modalities. METHODS: @entity1 less than or equal to 18  years undergoing appendectomy in Washington State from 2008 to 2013 were evaluated for preoperative US/CT use, as well as imaging/pathology concordance using data from the Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program. RESULTS: Among 3,353 @entity1 , 98.3% underwent preoperative imaging. There was a significant increase in the use of US first over the study period (P < .001). The use of CT at any time during the evaluation decreased. Despite this, in 2013, over 40% of the @entity1 still underwent CT imaging. Concordance between US imaging and pathology varied between 40% and 75% at hospitals performing greater than or equal to 10 appendectomies in 2013. Over one third (34.9%) of CT scans performed in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity698 were performed after an indeterminate US. CONCLUSIONS: Although the use of US as the first imaging modality to diagnose @entity698 has increased over the past 5 years, over 40% of @entity1 still undergo a CT scan during their preoperative evaluation. Causality for this persistence of CT use is unclear, but could include variability in US accuracy, lack of training, and lack of awareness of the risks of radiation-based imaging. Developing a campaign to focus on continued reduction in CT and increased use of high-quality US should be pursued.

title: Improving ultrasound quality to reduce computed tomography use in XXXX : the Safe and Sound campaign.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis', 'pediatric appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['pediatric appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Legislation, education and technology have led to a rise in the use of seat belts. This has significantly reduced automobile accident-related mortality, but it has increased seat belt-associated injuries. The aim of this study was to review all publications on seat-belt injury to the female breast and to analyse patterns of presentation, management and outcomes. METHODS: A literature search was performed by two independent reviewers using the PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE databases. The MeSH terms included 'seat belt breast' or 'breast traffic accident' or 'safety belt breast'. This study was supported by Level V evidence. RESULTS: In this review, 26 articles describing 42 @entity1 were included. A total of 13 @entity1 (31.0%) presented immediately after the road traffic accident (RTA) with @entity158 , @entity4 , @entity130 and/or @entity548 of the breast. Active arterial extravasations were treated with angiographic @entity887 while wounds were mostly treated with dressings. Twenty-nine (69.0%) @entity1 presented late, with a mean time of 6.77 months (3 weeks-5 years) after the RTA. This ranged from a palpable lump in the area of @entity130 to a worsening @entity2419 . Most late presentations were diagnosed with fat @entity39 while five @entity1 (17.2%) were found to have @entity0 . From this review, we propose a four-tier classification system that categorizes @entity1 based on timing to presentation and symptoms, with recommended investigation and management options for each category. CONCLUSION: This is the most comprehensive systemic review to date of seat-belt injuries to the female breast, and our proposed classification may be useful in the management of such @entity1 .

title: Systematic review of seat-belt XXXX to the female breast: a new diagnosis and management classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['open wounds', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Leptin is recognized as a profibrogenic hormone in the liver, but the mechanisms involved have not been clarified. The @entity2843 , which acts through inhibition of collagen degradation, is synthesized by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in response to fibrogenic substances. The capacity of leptin to induce @entity2843 and its signaling molecules were investigated in a @entity1 HSC cell line, LX-2. Leptin stimulated @entity2843 protein, mRNA, and promoter activity. @entity7821 , as well as @entity26015 , were activated. After leptin, there was increased expression of @entity669 1141-phosphorylated leptin receptor, which may contribute to @entity4104 activation. @entity22943 , a JAK inhibitor, blocked JAK phosphorylation with concomitant inhibition of STAT activation, @entity2843 mRNA expression, and promoter activity. Leptin also induced an oxidative stress, which was inhibited by @entity22943 , indicating a JAK mediation process. @entity1366 MAPK and @entity3963 were activated, which was prevented by catalase, indicating an @entity274 -dependent mechanism. Catalase treatment resulted in total suppression of @entity2843 mRNA expression and promoter activity. @entity1441 , a @entity3963 inhibitor, prevented @entity3963 activation and reduced @entity2843 message half-life with down-regulation of @entity2843 mRNA. These changes were reproduced by overexpression of the dominant negative @entity1435 and @entity65325 mutants. @entity4286 , an @entity1366 inhibitor, opposed @entity1366 activation and @entity2843 promoter activity, leading to @entity2843 mRNA down-regulation. Thus, leptin has a direct action on liver fibrogenesis by stimulating @entity2843 production in activated HSC. This process appears to be mediated by the JAK/STAT pathway via the leptin receptor long form and the @entity274 -dependent @entity3963 and @entity1366 pathways via activated JAK.

title: Leptin stimulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in XXXX hepatic stellate cells: respective roles of the JAK/STAT and JAK-mediated @entity274 -dependant MAPK pathways.

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1', 'TIMP-1']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of @entity1 and physician characteristics on physicians' level of variability and certainty in @entity0 care. METHODS: One hundred twenty-eight physicians viewed a videotape of a simulated physician- @entity1 interaction in which the @entity1 has an "atypical" breast lump. Six @entity1 characteristics (age, race, socioeconomic status, physical mobility, comorbidity, presentation style) were manipulated experimentally, resulting in a balanced set of 32 different " @entity1 ." Physician subjects were recruited to fill four equal strata defined by specialty (surgeons versus nonsurgeons) and experience (< or = 15 or > 15 years since graduation from medical school). RESULTS: More than half of the physicians offered a diagnosis of @entity1558 , a third offered a diagnosis of @entity0 , and the rest believed that the @entity1 had a normal breast or something "other." Results also indicated that physicians' level of certainty and test ordering behavior varied with the diagnosis that was offered. Of the six @entity1 characteristics, only socioeconomic status influenced physician certainty; physicians were more certain of their diagnosis when the @entity1 was of a higher socioeconomic status. Surgeons were found to be more certain of their diagnosis compared with nonsurgeons. However, surgeons were less likely to order radiologic tests or a tissue sample for metastatic evaluation than were nonsurgeons. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, physicians displayed considerable variability and uncertainty when diagnosing and managing possible @entity0 .

title: Physician variability and uncertainty in the management of XXXX . Results from a factorial experiment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ACT Genetic Service at The Canberra Hospital evaluates the genetic risk of individuals for @entity74 , and provides counselling and genetic testing where appropriate. AIMS: To evaluate the current referral practice for @entity1 with a personal and/or family history of @entity5344 , and to assess whether these referrals are made according to eviQ @entity5 referral guidelines. METHODS: A retrospective clinical audit of @entity1 seen by the ACT Genetic Service for evaluation of genetic risk of @entity5344 between 1(st) January 2013 and 30(th) June 2015. Statistical analysis included chi-squared and poisson distribution tests. RESULTS: Of the 711 @entity1 referred during the 30-month period, 671 were seen by the service. The number of @entity1 seen increased steadily over the time period, as did waiting times. The majority of referrals were made by general practitioners (GPs) 403/711 (57%) and oncologists 172/711 (24%). Of note, 300/711 (42%) of all referrals made to the service during this time-period did not meet eviQ referral guidelines. @entity1 who met guidelines for referral were both more likely to be offered genetic testing, and to have a positive result. CONCLUSION: Demand on the ACT Genetic Service increased over the time period assessed. As a significant proportion of @entity1 did not meet eviQ @entity5 referral guidelines, it is worth reviewing the referral process in order to optimize utility of this limited resource.

title: XXXX referrals to the ACT genetic service: are we meeting guidelines?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited diseases']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and/or ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['Breast and ovarian cancer']


abstract: Many of the experimental approaches used in the search for new targeted drug delivery systems ignore the disseminated nature of metastatic disease; the development of more @entity5 models is therefore a priority. A reproducible and @entity5 -specific model has been generated by inoculating (C57BL/6 x BALB/c) F1 (Ly-2.2+) @entity19 i.v. with the Ly-2.1+ @entity19 ITT(1) 75NS E3 @entity6732 (E3). At a dose of 2 x 10(6) cells, E3 @entity5 grew in a disseminated fashion, arising initially and predominantly in the lung and kidney, and later and less often in the thymus, spleen, and other tissues. In addition, histopathological examination and flow cytometry of blood did not detect E3 @entity5 cells in most other organs or in the circulation throughout the course of disease. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of untreated @entity19 was both reproducible and proportional to the number of E3 @entity5 cells injected and was therefore used to demonstrate the suitability of this model for immunochemotherapeutic studies. When examining the antitumor efficacy of @entity8779 -monoclonal antibody conjugates, it was observed that the survival times of treated @entity19 were consistent within groups and between experiments. The disseminated E3 (Ly-2.1+) @entity5 model, like the s.c. E3 @entity5 model, demonstrated the dose-dependent efficacy of @entity8779 -anti-Ly-2.1 conjugate treatment and illustrated both the negligible antitumor activity and @entity137 of @entity8779 alone. Furthermore, lung and kidney weight measurements formally demonstrated that the increased @entity1349 of treated @entity19 represented a reduction of E3 @entity5 burden in these organs. This model provides a useful tool for study of the immunochemotherapy of disseminated @entity5 in @entity19 and further illustrates the antitumor activity of @entity8779 -monoclonal antibody conjugates.

title: Antitumor activity of @entity8779 -monoclonal antibody conjugates in a disseminated XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'relevant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['mean survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity6732 :: (MESH:D013953,Disease) :: ['thymic lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e18071 Background: @entity1149 accounts for approximately 85% of @entity2 . It is subdivided into @entity420 (including bronchoalveolar), @entity957 ( @entity957 ), and large cell histologies. Chemotherapy is indicated for advanced disease based on histology. Upfront combination chemotherapy with @entity902 plus microtubule agent or @entity136 is recommended for @entity957 . For non-squamous cell, @entity3003 - @entity1311 -bevacizumab or @entity900 -permetrexed combinations are recommended based on superior efficacy in Phase II/III trials. Analyses of Phase III studies also suggest that permetrexed is effective when used in non-squamous @entity1149 as maintenance therapy and as a second-line agent. However, the data is scant. We present histology based review of previously treated @entity1149 @entity1 who received permetrexed upon progression. METHODS: Charts were reviewed for 49 consecutive previously treated @entity1149 @entity1 who upon progression had received permetrexed at West Virginia University between Sept. 2004 and Dec. 2010. @entity5 histology, stage, performance status, prior therapies, permetrexed details (number of cycles, clinical and radiologic response) and survival data were reviewed. RESULTS: The median age was 64 (47 % males, 53% females). Most @entity1 (96%) had good performance status (ECOG 0-1). 63% had received at least 2 prior therapies including a @entity4149 kinase inhibitor. Histological distribution was as follows: @entity420 ( @entity420 ) 47%, squamous cell ( @entity957 ) 20%, large cell (LG) 2%, not specified (NOS) 31%. Initial RECIST response (after 2 cycles) showed differential efficacy based on histology; @entity420 - response rate (RR) 18%, @entity66 ( @entity66 ) 55%, @entity74 ( @entity74 ) 27%, @entity957 - @entity66 22%, @entity74 78%, LG - @entity74 100% (1 @entity1 ), NOS - RR 9%, @entity66 55%, PD36%. Mean time-to-progression were as follows: @entity420 5.7 months (Range 1.1 to 28.7), @entity957 1.4 months (Range 1.3 to 1.9) and NOS 7.6 months (Range 1.1 to 20.2). Data was insufficient to perform survival analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Permetrexed has superior efficacy when used in @entity1 with non-squamous @entity1149 who have previously been treated with chemotherapy. It was not effective in squamous cell histology, therefore alternative therapies should be considered.

title: Histologic review of second-line permetrexed treatment in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify the nature and severity of nutritional problems associated with the current treatment of @entity2946 and to identify any risk factors for nutritional morbidity during treatment. PROCEDURE: A multicentre retrospective audit of medical and dietetic notes of 41 @entity1 treated for @entity2946 in three UK paediatric oncology centres was undertaken. Data on nutritional status, nutritional support, mutism, swallowing and common @entity137 criteria (CTC) scores for @entity391 , @entity1142 and mobility were collected at defined points in treatment from diagnosis until 12 months post-treatment. RESULTS: Significant problems including @entity353 , @entity391 and @entity1142 were highlighted early on in treatment. The majority of @entity1 were well nourished at diagnosis with a mean percentage weight: height of 99.8%, however nutritional status started to decline early in treatment during radiotherapy, coinciding with 49% of @entity1 having grade 1 or above CTC score for @entity391 and @entity1142 . The decline in nutritional status continued, peaking by course 2 of chemotherapy with a mean @entity353 of 8.2% since diagnosis. Proactive supplementary feeding early in treatment by one of the three centres demonstrated a superior nutritional outcome when compared statistically to the two centres that fed only as a response to nutritional decline. CONCLUSION: The study highlighted significant morbidity associated with the current treatment of @entity2946 . Findings suggest the need to consider earlier proactive nutritional intervention to prevent nutritional decline during treatment. These early nutritional problems may be related to @entity137 of radiotherapy and concomitant @entity1891 .

title: Nutritional problems in @entity1 treated for XXXX : implications for enteral nutrition support.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With advances in multimodality therapy, @entity14 are living longer. However, little is known about the quality of their long-term survival. We investigated the functional outcomes and symptoms among long-term survivors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 1,215 long-term (>5  years) @entity14 was conducted using a validated disease-specific questionnaire. Younger onset survivors (18-50  years) were matched 1:2 to later onset survivors (>50  years). Standardized mean scores were compared using one-way ANOVA. Key @entity1 and treatment factors that impact function and symptoms were assessed by multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Eight hundred thirty survivors responded at an interval of 10.8        3  years from diagnosis (68  % response rate). Younger onset survivors underwent more surgery (97.9 vs. 93.6  %, P   <   0.001) and received more chemotherapy (86.1 vs. 77.7  %, P   =   0.004). @entity148 , body image, @entity250 , embarrassment by bowel movements, micturition problems, and @entity323 were significant concerns. Younger onset survivors reported worse @entity148 , body image, and embarrassment with bowel movements, whereas later onset survivors highlighted @entity250 , micturition problems, and @entity323 . Age at diagnosis was a key independent determinant of long-term function and symptoms. CONCLUSION: Long-term survivors of @entity71 and symptoms, and their survivorship experience differs by age. Age at diagnosis should serve as a basis for tailored, personalized survivorship care plans.

title: Functional Deficits and Symptoms of Long-Term Survivors of XXXX Treated by Multimodality Therapy Differ by Age at Diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['CRC face ongoing functional deficits']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer survivors']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sample manipulation to obtain isolated granulocytes represents a key, and often necessary, step in the in vitro studies. We investigated by the means of flow cytometry and microscopic techniques (both optical microscopy [OM] and @entity4653 [ @entity4653 ]), the granulocyte-endothelium adhesion and the role of sample manipulation. METHODS: By means of a co-culture method, we have analysed the adhesion of @entity1 leukocytes, originated from two different blood samples (fresh venous blood [FB] and buffy coat [BC]), to the @entity1 umbilical venous endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer. Cultured HUVEC were analysed for adhesion molecule expression by means of flow cytometry, while the morphological changes were evaluated by means of @entity4653 . Cell adhesion was evaluated by means of flow cytometry and both OM and @entity4653 . RESULTS: HUVEC expressed under resting conditions the adhesion molecules @entity2071 , @entity4725 and @entity4105 and their expression was upregulated by stimulation with @entity310 (0.1-10ng/ml) as well as with @entity558 (1 g/ml). @entity4653 analysis showed that stimulation with both stimuli profoundly affect cell morphology. Flow cytometric evaluation of cell adhesion showed that the ability of cells to adhere to HUVEC monolayer was quite different in the two preparations, with the lowest adhesion for FB in all the cell subsets analysed. Finally, isolated granulocytes were able to adhere to HUVEC monolayer more than cells identified in FB or BC and the adhesion was increased during activation of HUVEC with 10ng/ml of @entity310 . CONCLUSION: Our data showed that cell manipulation necessary for the isolation of specific immune cells from whole blood profoundly affect the ability of these cells to adhere to the HUVEC monolayer although their functional properties remain unchanged.

title: Characterization of XXXX leukocyte-HUVEC adhesion: Effect of cell preparation methods.

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) for stone can be carried out by either laparoscopic transcystic stone extraction (LTSE) or laparoscopic choledochotomy (LC). It remains unknown as to which approach is optimal for management of @entity1085 with common bile duct stones (CBDS) in Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: From May 2000 to February 2009, we prospective treated 346 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1085 and CBDS with laparoscopic cholecystectomy and LCBDE. Intraoperative findings, @entity260 , postoperative hospital stay and costs were analyzed. RESULTS: Because of LCBDE failure,16 cases (4.6%) required open surgery. Of 330 successful LCBDE-treated @entity1 , 237 underwent LTSE and 93 required LC. No mortality occurred in either group. The bile duct stone clearance rate was similar in both groups. @entity1 in the LTSE group were significantly younger and had fewer complications with smaller, fewer stones, shorter operative time and postoperative hospital stays, and lower costs, compared to those in the LC group. Compared with @entity1 with T-tube insertion, @entity1 in the LC group with primary closure had shorter operative time, shorter postoperative hospital stay, and lower costs. CONCLUSIONS: In cases requiring LCBDE, LTSE should be the first choice, whereas LC may be restricted to large, multiple stones. LC with primary closure without external drainage of the CBDS is as effective and safe as the T-tube insertion approach.

title: Treatment of XXXX with common bile duct stones in the laparoscopic era.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder stones', 'gallbladder stone']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['gallbladder stone']


abstract: ACCESSIBLE SUMMARY: @entity1279 , if not treated or if treated unsuccessfully, can develop into a severe and enduring @entity1277 . Analysis of self-management of Seed-BN indicates that individuals frequently experience significant negative mental health issues and a complex relationship with medication management. Two discrete patterns of coping strategies to prevent deterioration in distressing symptoms were in evidence, controlled @entity391 , which was related to the management of @entity148 , and uncontrolled @entity391 due to more dominant self-management of compulsive acts. The implications for nursing revolve around accurate assessment of @entity391 and subsequent engagement by the individual with their coping strategies in relation to perceived deterioration in distressing symptoms. ABSTRACT: This paper reports on the results of a study into the self-reported coping strategies employed by a small sample (n = 12) of individuals diagnosed with @entity1279 purging sub-type, severe and enduring @entity1277 (Seed-BN), referred to an outpatient clinic for psychotherapy. Data collection focused on the @entity391 activities of @entity1 through analysis of their self-management from diary extracts, which recorded @entity391 patterns. @entity1 all experienced significant mental health issues, had complex histories of BN over a prolonged period, difficulties maintaining relationships, and many had an additional history of substance misuse including dependence on prescription drugs. The study findings indicated two different self-management strategies, @entity148 and compulsion maintenance. There was a clear association between @entity148 and controlled weekly @entity391 patterns compared with @entity391 patterns. The implications for nursing practice relate to the potential for assessment of differences in @entity391 patterns to indicate self-management status and subsequent interventions focusing on either @entity148 or compulsive patterns.

title: @entity148 and compulsion patterns in the maintenance of bingeing/purging behaviours by individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'compulsion and daily vomiting']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety containment']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['Bulimia nervosa', 'bulimia nervosa']

answer: @entity1279 :: (MESH:D052018,Disease) :: ['bulimia nervosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the cardiovascular safety of @entity9498 , a phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor used for treating @entity323 in @entity1 prescribed this drug by general practitioners (GPs) in England in 2003, focusing on mortality due to @entity299 ( @entity299 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 in this observational cohort study were identified from dispensed prescriptions for @entity9498 issued by GPs from February to November 2003. Demographic and outcome data were requested from @entity1 ' GPs using a postal questionnaire. A standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated using indirect standardization for all deaths from @entity299 or @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in male @entity1 who were prescribed @entity9498 , regardless of whether they were taking @entity9498 at the time, compared to those in the English male population (2002). RESULTS: Clinical information was obtained for 6266 @entity1 ; @entity1 sex could not be confirmed for 37 but in the remaining 6229 the median age was 61 years (interquartile range 53-68). The age was not specified for 2361 (37.7%) of the @entity1 . Excluding @entity1 not taking @entity9498 at the time of the event, cardiovascular events included @entity662 in 20, @entity951 in 18, @entity583 in 15 (including six fatal) and @entity299 in 11 (including five fatal). There were also six deaths where the cause was not ascertained; five of these @entity1 were known to be male. Comparison of mortality due to @entity299 or @entity583 for @entity1 with those in the English male population (2002) provided an SMR of 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.50-1.48). CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study suggest a similar incidence of @entity204 due to @entity299 or @entity583 in @entity1 prescribed @entity9498 to that in the male English population. However, due to possible under-reporting and the limitations of using an external comparator, these results should be interpreted in context with other studies on the cardiovascular effects and safety of @entity9498 .

title: An observational cohort study investigating the cardiovascular safety of XXXX when prescribed in primary care in England: mortality due to @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9498 :: ('MESH:C429886', 'Chemical') :: ['tadalafil']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity9498 :: (MESH:C429886,Chemical) :: ['tadalafil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To enhance the quality of @entity6 care in the Netherlands, so-called care groups with three to 250 general practitioners emerged to organise and coordinate @entity6 care. This introduced a new quality management level in addition to the quality management of separate general practices. We hypothesised that this new level of quality management might be associated with the aggregate performance indicators on the @entity1 level. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between quality management at the care group level and its aggregate performance indicators. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: All Dutch care groups (n=97). @entity1 : 23 care groups provided aggregate register-based performance indicators of all their practices as well as data on quality management measured with a questionnaire filled out by 1 or 2 of their quality managers. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: The association between quality management, overall and in 6 domains ('organisation of care', 'multidisciplinary teamwork', ' @entity1 centredness', 'performance management', 'quality improvement policy' and 'management strategies') on the one hand and 3 process indicators (the percentages of @entity1 with at least 1 measurement of glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile and systolic blood pressure), and 3 intermediate outcome indicators (the percentages of @entity1 with glycated haemoglobin below 53   mmol/mol (7%); low-density lipoprotein @entity165 below 2.5   mmol/L; and systolic blood pressure below 140   mm   Hg) by weighted univariable linear regression. RESULTS: The domain 'management strategies' was significantly associated with the percentage of @entity1 with a glycated haemoglobin <53   mmol/mol (b 0.28 (0.09; 0.46) p=0.01) after correction for multiple testing. The other domains as well as overall quality management were not associated with aggregate process or outcome indicators. CONCLUSIONS: This first exploratory study on quality management showed weak or no associations between quality management of @entity6 care groups and their performance. It remains uncertain whether this second layer on quality management adds to better quality of care.

title: Association between quality management and performance indicators in Dutch XXXX care groups: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIM: To assess outcome of chemoradiotherapy for organ preservation in muscle invasive @entity150 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 41 @entity1 treated between January 2010 to January 2015 were evaluated in the present study. All @entity1 T staged ranging from cT2-T4a and had undergone maximal @entity150 ( @entity150 ). After maximum @entity150 resection @entity1 were treated with Radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy. 8 weeks after completion of treatment response was assessed by check cystoscopy, urine cytology and CECT scan Abdomen. Data regarding the @entity137 profile, initial complete response rates at 3 months, occurrence of loco regional or distant failure and survival was recorded. RESULTS: Age ranged between 45- 84 years, (mean age 65.44). Radiotherapy dose planned ranged from 60 Gy/30fr to 70.3 Gy/37 fractions to primary target and 59.2 Gy/37fractions to the @entity66 . @entity343 volume ranged from 69-548.9 cc. 23 @entity1 received concurrent chemotherapy weekly. 11 @entity1 have @entity2335 (5 Gr 1, 4 Gr II and 2 Gr III). 5 @entity1 have myelosuppression. 10 @entity1 have acute @entity344 (5 Gr-I, 4 Gr-II, 1 Gr-III). At the time of analysis follow up ranged from 3-42 months (median follow 1 year).The DFS at 42 months was 54%. Out of 39 @entity1 3 were lost to follow up (2 in partial bladder group and 1 in whole bladder group). Out of 36 @entity1 24 (66.6%) are disease free, 4 (11.1%) @entity1 had recurrence for which 2 underwent salvage cystectomy whereas 2 @entity1 received palliative chemotherapy. Five @entity1 developed distant @entity3 (4 bone and 1 brain @entity3 ). CONCLUSION: Bladder-preservation therapy for muscle-invasive @entity150 is a valid substitute in selected cases with long-term efficacy similar to radical cystectomy, with the additional advantage of preserving excellent bladder function in the majority of long-term survivors.

title: Chemoradiation for organ preservation in the treatment of muscle invasive XXXX : Our Institutional Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['TURBT', 'bladder cancer', 'bladder tumour', 'transurethral resection of bladder tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: In December 2001, the South Australian Communicable Disease Control Branch investigated an outbreak of @entity344 linked to a Korean style restaurant in metropolitan Adelaide. Twenty-eight @entity1 were identified as having experienced @entity344 subsequent to dining at the restaurant between 9 and 12 December 2001. A case-control study implicated mango pudding dessert (OR 16.67 95% CI 2.03-177.04) and plain @entity1573 (OR 10.67 95% CI 1.04-264.32). Nineteen cases and one food handler submitted faecal specimens that grew @entity2491 64var. Two samples of mango pudding and one sample of pickled Chinese cabbage also grew @entity2491 64var. The infected food handler reported an onset of illness 2 days before cases first reported eating at the restaurant. The food handler's only role was to prepare the mango pudding dessert in an area external to the restaurant's kitchen. Illness was strongly associated with consumption of a contaminated mango pudding dessert, with contamination most likely resulting from the symptomatic and culture positive food handler who prepared the dish. This outbreak demonstrates the importance of excluding symptomatic @entity6766 , and the need for appropriately informing and educating @entity6766 regarding safe food handling procedures. Restaurants with staff and management from non-English speaking backgrounds should be specifically targeted for education that is both culturally sensitive and language specific.

title: An outbreak of infections with a new XXXX phage type linked to a symptomatic food handler.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella Typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food handlers']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal illness', 'gastrointestinal symptoms']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella']


abstract: 1. We report rate constants for @entity26 dissociation and for @entity26 , @entity1223 , @entity2769 , and @entity3789 binding to whale, @entity1641 , @entity235 , beef and @entity1 myoglobins. 2. For @entity2769 binding, rate constants can vary by at least a factor of two for substitutions outside the @entity1446 cavity. @entity2769 binding may be affected by a substitution at residue 66 in the E helix, a site suggested by Case _ Karplus (1979) J. molec. Biol. 132, 343-368, to be on a reactive path to the @entity1446 . 3. The @entity26 and CO data show that substitutions outside the @entity1446 cavity can affect rate constants by at least a factor of 1.5. 4. The @entity26 equilibrium constant was correlated with the metabolite rate of the corresponding species, in accord with the Wyman (1966) J. biol. Chem. 241, 115-121, model for facilitated diffusion of @entity26 .

title: The kinetics of ligand binding for diverse XXXX myoglobins and the effects of substitutions outside the @entity1446 cavity.

entities_list: @entity2769 :: ('CHEBI:40910', 'Chemical') :: ['azide', 'Azide']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evolution of insecticide resistance in @entity313 complex necessitates evaluation of alternative chemical classes to complement existing insecticides for long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). Microencapsulated (MC) DEET ( @entity2471 ) is a formulation of the popular repellent, which gives long lasting activity when applied to nets. Its suitability for IRS use has not been evaluated before. This study assessed the efficacy of DEET MC, for IRS in experimental huts. METHODS: DEET MC was tested alongside standard repellent and non-repellent residual insecticides: @entity4204 , @entity315 , @entity21095 and @entity318 . Residual formulations of these compounds were sprayed on plywood panels attached to walls of experimental huts to assess efficacy against pyrethroid resistant, wild free-flying Anopheles arabiensis and @entity2957 . The panel treatments were rotated weekly between huts. RESULTS: The overall mortalities of An. arabiensis induced by the various treatments (range: 76-86%) were significantly greater than mortality in the untreated control (8%, P   <   0.001). Mortality of An. arabiensis in DEET sprayed huts (82%) was higher than in lambdacyhalothrin CS (76%, P   =   0.043) but not significantly different to pirimiphos methyl CS (86%, P   =   0.204) or DDT huts (81%, P   =   0.703). Against Cx. quinquefasciatus DEET MC was less effective, inducing lower mortality (29%) than other treatments. An arabiensis blood feeding rates were higher in the unsprayed control (34%) than in sprayed huts (range between treatments: 19-22%, P   <   0.002), and DEET provided equivalent or superior blood feeding inhibition (44%) to other insecticides. Against Cx. quinquefasciatus there was no significant reduction in blood-feeding for any treatment relative to the control. There was a significantly higher exiting of An. arabiensis from huts sprayed with DEET (98%), @entity4204 (98%) and @entity315 (96%) relative to the control (80%, P   <   0.01). Exiting rates of Cx. quinquefasciatus did not differ between treatment huts and the control. CONCLUSION: Microencapsulated DEET acts like an insecticide at ambient temperature and induces mosquito mortality when applied to walls made from wooden panels. This trial demonstrated the potential of microencapsulated DEET to control An. arabiensis and warrants further studies of residual activity on interior substrates.

title: Indoor residual spraying with microencapsulated DEET repellent (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) for control of Anopheles arabiensis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21095 :: ('MESH:C014153', 'Chemical') :: ['pirimiphos methyl']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

entities_list: @entity4204 :: ('MESH:C037304', 'Chemical') :: ['lambdacyhalothrin']

entities_list: @entity315 :: ('MESH:D026023', 'Chemical') :: ['permethrin']

entities_list: @entity2471 :: ('MESH:D003671', 'Chemical') :: ['N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity2957 :: (7176,Species) :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To follow up six months post @entity173 and to compare functional gain of @entity1 in different cognitive and functional groups. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study of @entity173 @entity1 with functional evaluation pre- @entity174 , prior to discharge from orthopaedic department and one, three and six months post @entity174 . SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Rabin Medical Center, Golda Campus with follow-up at Beit-Rivka Geriatric Rehabilitation Hospital, both in Petach Tikvah, Israel, with a minority of @entity1 followed at home or nursing home. MEASUREMENT: Cognition evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination, pre- @entity174 functioning by Functional Independence Measure and Katz Index of ADL. Functional outcome assessed by Functional Independence Measure gain defined as the difference between Functional Independence Measure scores at six months and just prior to discharge from the Department of Orthopaedics. RESULTS: Moderately cognitively impaired and normal @entity1 had the same Functional Independence Measure-A (self-care) and Functional Independence Measure-B (motor) gains. Pre- @entity174 independent @entity1 had significantly higher Functional Independence Measure-A and Functional Independence Measure-B gains. A multiple regression analysis examining age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination score, Katz score, type of @entity174 , surgery versus conservative treatment and the pre- @entity174 Functional Independence Measure score showed that only the pre- @entity174 Functional Independence Measure-B scores and Katz scores are the independent variables for motor and self-care gains, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pre- @entity174 motor and not cognitive level has been the most important predictive factor for @entity1017 after @entity173 . Cognitively impaired @entity173 @entity1 can achieve and maintain the same motor functional gain as normal @entity1 , if they were mobile pre- @entity174 .

title: Functional gain of @entity173 XXXX in different cognitive and functional groups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['motor gain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This prospective, randomized, multicentre study investigated the efficacy and safety of two @entity1140 -based regimens and their potential to withdraw @entity230 . METHODS: In total 489 @entity1 were randomised to receive either @entity1140 and @entity2098 (n = 243) or @entity1140 and @entity500 (n = 246) concomitantly with @entity230 in both treatment groups. The initial oral dose of @entity1140 was 0.2 mg/kg/day, @entity2098 dose was 1 g/day, @entity500 was administered at 1-2 mg/day. @entity230 were tapered from 20 mg/day to 5 mg/day. From month 3 onwards, @entity230 were withdrawn in @entity1 who were free from @entity479 -resistant rejection and who had serum @entity1011 concentrations < 160 mumol/L. Study duration was 6 months. RESULTS: @entity1 survival at month 6 was 98.3% ( @entity5467 / @entity2098 /S) and 98.4% ( @entity5467 /Aza/S), graft survival at 6 month was 95.0% ( @entity5467 / @entity2098 /S) and 93.5% ( @entity5467 /Aza/S). The 6-month incidences of biopsy-proven acute rejection were 18.9% ( @entity5467 / @entity2098 /S) compared with 26.8% ( @entity5467 /Aza/S), p = 0.038. The 6-month incidences of @entity479 -resistant acute rejection were 2.1% ( @entity5467 / @entity2098 /S) and 4.9% ( @entity5467 /Aza/S), p = ns. At the end of month 3, @entity479 withdrawal was performed in 60.5% ( @entity5467 / @entity2098 /S) and 48.8% ( @entity5467 /Aza/S) of @entity1 , p < 0.01. During months 4-6, 2.7% of @entity1 in the @entity5467 / @entity2098 group had a biopsy-confirmed acute rejection compared with 0.8% of @entity1 in the @entity5467 /Aza group. In @entity1 who continued to receive @entity230 , the incidences of biopsy-proven acute rejections during months 4-6 were 3.5% ( @entity5467 / @entity2098 /S) and 7.1% ( @entity5467 /Aza/S). At study end, the @entity479 -free @entity1 had an excellent kidney function, the median serum @entity1011 concentration was 119.5 mumol/L ( @entity5467 / @entity2098 ) and 115.1 mumol/L ( @entity5467 /Aza); the median serum @entity1011 of the total study group was 130.5 mumol/L ( @entity5467 / @entity2098 /S) and 132.8 mumol/L ( @entity5467 /Aza/S). CONCLUSION: Both @entity1140 regimens are efficacious and safe. The combination of @entity1140 and @entity2098 achieved a lower rejection rate and permitted a higher proportion of @entity479 -free @entity1 . The overall incidence of acute rejection was low and kidney function was good.

title: Freedom from rejection and stable kidney function are excellent criteria for @entity479 withdrawal in XXXX -treated kidney transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: Exosomes are membrane vesicles from endosomal origin secreted by various cells such as hematopoietic, epithelial, and @entity5 cells. Exosomes secreted by @entity5 cells contain specific antigens potentially useful for immunotherapeutic purposes. Our aim was to determine if exosomes are present in @entity1 @entity5 and to identify their proteomic content. Exosomes were purified by @entity969 gradient ultracentrifugation, and electron microscopy was used to check both concentration and purity of exosomes. Proteins were separated by one-dimensional @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, and protein bands were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Western blotting. Exosomes were present in pleural fluid obtained from @entity1 suffering from @entity2615 (n = 4), @entity2 (n = 2), @entity0 (n = 2), and @entity43 (n = 1). As previously reported by others, antigen-presenting molecules, cytoskeletal proteins, and signal transduction-involved proteins were present. Proteins not previously reported were identified ( @entity63058 , @entity23636 , @entity32704 , @entity18180 ). Different types of immunoglobulins and complement factors were abundantly present in the @entity969 fractions containing exosomes. Exosome-directed specificity of these immunoglobulins was not observed. In conclusion, @entity969 gradient ultracentrifugation allows isolation of exosomes from @entity3483 . However, @entity1143 and especially immunoglobulins are coisolated and may hamper the use of exosomes isolated from malignant effusion for immunotherapy programs.

title: Proteomic analysis of exosomes isolated from XXXX @entity3483 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural fluid proteins']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancerous pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In ventricular myocardium, the T-type @entity141 current ( @entity1619 ), which is temporarily observed during fetal and neonatal periods, has been shown to reappear in failing/remodeling hearts. However, its pathophysiological regulation has not been elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We utilized Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) @entity35 with @entity101 at the stage of concentric left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 (11 weeks old, LVH) and at the @entity712 stage (16 to 18 weeks old, CHF). Some were treated with @entity12584 (100 mg/kg per day) during the period from LVH to CHF. In LVH, neither the presence of @entity1619 (measured in the freshly isolated LV myocytes) nor an increase in alpha-1G mRNA expression were detected. This condition was associated with increases in tissue @entity1808 (AII) but not with endothelin (ET)-1 peptides. In contrast, in CHF, when the tissue AII remained elevated and ET-1 de novo increased, @entity1619 was recorded in most of the cells (-0.87+/-0.18 pA/pF at -30 mV, P<0.01 versus LVH). This was associated with a significant increase in the alpha-1G mRNA level. The chronic @entity12584 treatment eliminated both the elevation of alpha-1G mRNA level and @entity1619 from the cells, whereas it did not affect the cell size and membrane capacitance. In addition, 48-hour exposure to ET-1 but not AII induced @entity1619 in normal adult myocytes in culture from @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1619 channels reappear in failing but not in hypertrophied LV cardiomyocytes in a manner depending on the tissue ET-1 activation.

title: Reinduction of T-type calcium channels by endothelin-1 in failing hearts in vivo and in adult XXXX ventricular myocytes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Head-down bed rest (HDBR) increases plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and decreases @entity1063 levels. We previously demonstrated that ANP promotes lipid mobilization and utilization, an effect independent of sympathetic nervous system activation, when infused into lean healthy @entity1 at pharmacological doses. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate that a physiological increase in ANP contributes to lipid mobilization and oxidation in healthy young @entity1 . Eight @entity1 were positioned for 4 h in a sitting (control) or in a HDBR position. Indexes of lipid mobilization and hormonal changes were measured in plasma. Extracellular @entity653 , an index of lipolysis, was determined in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) with a microdialysis technique. A twofold increase in plasma ANP concentration was observed after 60 min of HDBR, and a plateau was maintained thereafter. Plasma @entity1063 decreased by 30-40% during HDBR, while plasma insulin and @entity413 levels did not change. The level of plasma nonesterified @entity1718 was higher during HDBR. @entity1386 lipolysis, as reflected by interstitial @entity653 , as well as interstitial @entity6708 , the second messenger of the ANP pathway, increased during HDBR. This was associated with an increase in blood flow observed throughout HDBR. Significant changes in respiratory exchange ratio and percent use of lipid and @entity1735 were seen only after 3 h of HDBR. Thus the proportion of lipid oxidized increased by 40% after 3 h of HDBR. The rise in plasma ANP during HDBR was associated with increased lipolysis in @entity1386 and whole body lipid oxidation. In this physiological setting, independent of increasing @entity2661 , our study suggests that ANP contributes to lipid mobilization and oxidation in healthy young @entity1 .

title: Atrial natriuretic peptide contribution to lipid mobilization and utilization during head-down bed rest in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'SCAT']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity32 , such as @entity2521 , can lead to @entity409 , accelerated @entity731 , and @entity455 . The relationship between @entity455 and other common forms of oral infections such as @entity7606 ( @entity7606 ) is unknown. Similar risk factors predispose to both conditions including smoking, @entity6 , age, and @entity28 . Accordingly, we aimed to investigate endothelial function and major @entity455 risk factors in 44 consecutive @entity1 with dentures with clinical and microbiological features of @entity7606 (n = 20) and without @entity7606 (n = 24). While there was a tendency for higher occurrence of @entity6 and smoking, groups did not differ significantly in respect to major @entity455 risk factors. Groups did not differ in main ambulatory blood pressure, total @entity165 , or even CRP. Importantly, @entity384 ( @entity384 ) was significantly lower in @entity7606 than in non- @entity7606 subjects, while @entity1242 induced vasorelaxation (NMD) or @entity121 ( @entity121 ) was similar. Interestingly, while @entity412 levels were normal in both groups, they were higher in @entity7606 subjects, although they did not correlate with either @entity384 or NMD. CONCLUSIONS: Denture related @entity3136 is associated with @entity409 in elderly @entity1 with dentures. This is in part related to the fact that @entity6 and smoking increase risk of both @entity7606 and @entity65 .

title: Denture-related @entity3136 is associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Oral inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease', 'vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'flow mediated dilatation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7606 :: ('MESH:D013282', 'Disease') :: ['DRS', 'denture-related stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to highlight the clinical, morphologic, and pathogenetic features in @entity1 with a @entity2419 (MV). BACKGROUND: Few studies have addressed the morphologic features of cleft MV and the outcome of these @entity1 . The pathogenetic features, including the developmental relation to an atrioventricular (AV) @entity1757 , remain unclear. METHODS: We reviewed the @entity1 with cleft MV that were diagnosed by echocardiography since 1980. @entity1 with an AV canal, ventriculo-arterial discordance, and hypoplastic ventricles were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 were identified at a median age of 0.5 years (range 0 to 10.6). In three @entity1 , no chordal attachments of the cleft to the ventricular septum were seen. Ten @entity1 had significant @entity339 ( @entity339 ), and three had @entity3888 by the cleft. Associated @entity299 and extracardiac features were present in 13 and 10 @entity1 , respectively. During the median follow-up period of 1.5 years (range 0 to 11.8), two @entity1 died of extracardiac causes, and one neonate died of severe @entity3888 . Surgical repair was performed in 10 @entity1 at a median age of 5.2 years (range 1.3 to 10.6). Multivariate analysis showed no predictors for MV surgery. One @entity1 was re-operated for mitral stenosis associated with @entity472 . Follow-up echocardiography demonstrated moderate @entity339 in two unoperated @entity1 and moderate @entity4794 in two operated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A cleft of the MV comprises a wide spectrum. Important morphologic differences exist with an AV @entity1757 , although the two lesions may be pathogenetically related. Surgical repair always seems possible. Long-term echocardiographic follow-up is warranted.

title: Characteristics and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['septal defect']

entities_list: @entity3888 :: ('MESH:D011662', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['MV stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft mitral valve']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft mitral valve']


abstract: The effect of the size of the surface area of a fish host on settlement and initial survival of @entity25282 (Kr  yer, 1837) was determined. @entity12178 @entity12178 L. of various sizes-small (43 +/- 4 g), medium (173 +/- 32 g) and large (644 +/- 62 g)-were initially examined to ascertain their respective body surface area, excluding gill surface. The initial examination showed a size-dependent body to fin area ratio, with the fin area of small fish representing 34% of the total body area and the fin area of medium and large fish representing 26 and 23%, respectively. Regression analysis of the body weight and standard length against total body surface area gave a good correlation and high R2 values. Two simultaneous experimental infections with approximately 7,000 copepodids of @entity25282 were carried out on fish populations of mixed sizes consisting of 30 small fish, 10 medium-sized fish and 5 large fish, with an approximate total surface area per size group of 2700 cm2. Higher numbers of @entity4801 were found on the small size group, which also had the highest parasite density, with 0.25 and 0.45 @entity4801 cm(-2). Comparison of samples of 5 fish per experimental group revealed that the larger fish had the highest mean numbers of @entity4801 , but the smaller fish still retained the highest density. There was a statistically significantly higher settlement on the fins than on the remainder of the body surface in all size groups. Highest numbers of @entity4801 were particularly found on the dorsal and pectoral fins. Examination of the surface surface area revealed that the dorsal fin had the greater parasite density, with >2 @entity4801 cm(-2) in all fish size groups. These data provide insight into the effects of the amount of host surface area available on parasite settlement and survival, and highlight the potentially increased susceptibility of farmed salmon smolts to infection of this ectoparasite.

title: Does size really matter? Effects of fish surface area on the settlement and initial survival of XXXX , an ectoparasite of @entity12178 @entity12178 .

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

entities_list: @entity25282 :: ('72036', 'Species') :: ['Lepeophtheirus salmonis', 'L. salmonis']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon', 'Salmo salar']

answer: @entity25282 :: (72036,Species) :: ['Lepeophtheirus salmonis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few data are available on @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) in @entity424 .We investigated the response, survival, and correlation with @entity8724 promoter methylation in a cohort of @entity1 with adult @entity9128 receiving @entity2904 as salvage therapy after failure of surgery and radiotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrieved clinical information from the institutional database and follow-up visits, and response to @entity2904 on MRI was evaluated according to the MacDonald criteria. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (median age, 42 y), with either WHO grade III (10) or grade II (8) @entity424 were evaluable. @entity5 location at diagnosis was supratentorial in 11 @entity1 and infratentorial in 7. Progression before @entity2904 was local in 11 @entity1 , local and spinal in 6 @entity1 , and spinal only in one @entity1 . A median of 8 cycles of @entity2904 (1-24) was administered. Response to @entity2904 consisted of complete response (CR) in one (5%) @entity1 , partial response (PR) in 3 (17%) @entity1 , @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in 7 (39%) @entity1 , and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) in 7 (39%) @entity1 . Maximum response occurred after 3, 10, 14, and 15 cycles, respectively, with neurological improvement in 2 @entity1 . All 4 responding @entity1 were chemotherapy na  ve. Both anaplastic (2) and grade II (2) @entity5 responded. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 9.69 months (95% CI, 3.22-30.98) and 30.55 months (95% CI, 12.85-52.17), respectively. @entity8724 methylation was available in 11 @entity1 and was not correlated with response or outcome. CONCLUSION: @entity2904 has a role in recurrent chemo-na  ve adult @entity1 with @entity9128 , regardless of @entity5 grade and @entity8724 methylation. We suggest that, after failure of surgery and radiotherapy, @entity2904 should be considered as a possible first-line treatment for recurrent @entity424 .

title: @entity2903 as salvage treatment for recurrent XXXX of the adult: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9128 :: ('MESH:C531673', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

answer: @entity9128 :: (MESH:C531673,Disease) :: ['intracranial ependymomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity125 deregulation is assuming a focal role in @entity11511 ( @entity11511 ). Despite tremendous advances in our understanding of @entity125 transcriptional programs, the mechanisms by which @entity125 stability and turnover are regulated remain obscure. The goal of the present study is to identify intracellular @entity125 (ICN1, the activated form of @entity125 ) binding partner(s) regulating its stability and activity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We employed immunoaffinity purification to identify ICN1-associating partner and used co-immunoprecipitation to verify the endogenous protein interaction. Pharmacological or shRNA-mediated inhibition was applied in loss-of-function assays to assess the role of tentative binding partner(s) in modulating ICN1 protein stability as well as affecting @entity11511 cell expansion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic analysis involved protein degradation and polyubiquitination assays. RESULTS: We identify the @entity4041 chaperon as a direct ICN1-binding partner essential for its stabilization and transcriptional activity. @entity11511 cells exhibit constitutive endogenous ICN1- @entity4041 interaction and @entity4041 depletion markedly decreases ICN1 levels. The @entity4041 -associated E3 ubiquitin ligase @entity66277 mediates the ensuring proteasome-dependent ICN1 degradation. Administration of @entity45335 or PU-H71, two distinct @entity4041 inhibitors, depletes ICN1, inhibits @entity11511 cell proliferation and triggers dramatic apoptotic cell death. Systemic treatment with @entity59852 reduces ICN1 expression and profoundly inhibits @entity19 @entity11511 allografts as well as @entity1 @entity11511 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate @entity4041 blockade leads to ICN1 destabilization, providing an alternative strategy to antagonize oncogenic @entity125 signaling with @entity4041 selective inhibitors.

title: Stabilization of @entity125 by the XXXX Chaperon is Crucial for T Cell Leukemogenesis.

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T-ALL', 'T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity4041 :: (3320,Gene) :: ['Hsp90']


abstract: @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) and @entity8402 (PSE) are often administered together for the treatment of symptoms of the common cold, i.e., nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat and @entity10 . Based on this fact we developed a fixed combination of 500 mg @entity1281 and 30 mg PSE, the recommended doses for both drugs for treating symptoms of the common cold, as granulate to be dissolved in water for administration. The purpose of this open, randomized, three-factorial (three-treatment, three-period, six-sequence) Latin Square clinical study was to investigate the relative bioavailability of @entity1281 and PSE as well as the establishment of bioequivalence after single administration of the fixed combination (final formulation for approval) of 500 mg @entity1281 /30 mg PSE* @entity5828 and the preliminary formulation of this combination. Pharmacokinetic characteristics AUC(norm) and C(max,norm) of @entity1281 , its metabolite SA, and PSE, were determined as measure of rate and extent of absorption of the two formulations. The treatment ratios final/preliminary formulation and their corresponding 90% confidence intervals were calculated to establish bioequivalence. Additionally, descriptive statistics were calculated for the parameters t(max), t((1/2)), and mean residence time (MRT). In total, data from 18 healthy male volunteers were included in the pharmacokinetic evaluation. The primary target parameters were analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) after logarithmic transformation of the data. Confidence intervals of 90% were calculated for the geometric means of ratios using the mean square error term of the ANOVA. Bioequivalence criteria were fulfilled for AUC(norm) and C(max,norm). Geometric means of individual ratios of AUC(norm) and of C(max,norm) showed equal bioavailability of the new formulation compared with the preliminary. Furthermore, a relative bioavailability of approximately 100% of the preliminary formulation was shown for the newly developed formulation for all parameters. The parameters t(max), t((1/2)), and MRT showed comparable results for @entity1281 , SA, and PSE, respectively, in both formulations. The supplementary evaluation for the non-normalized original parameters AUC and C(max) also revealed bioequivalence. For the newly developed formulation, the arithmetic means of the parameters AUC and C(max) for PSE were 1040.66 mg/h*l and 134.52 mg/l, for SA 142.28 mg/h*l and 30.34 mg/l, respectively. The median t(max) values were 0.67 h for PSE and 0.92 h for SA. Both treatments were safe and well tolerated.

title: Relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of a newly developed fixed combination sachet of @entity117 and XXXX compared with a preliminary combination.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity8402 :: ('MESH:D054199', 'Chemical') :: ['pseudoephedrine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity8402 :: (MESH:D054199,Chemical) :: ['pseudoephedrine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of non-penetrating trabecular surgery (NPTS) with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in @entity725 ( @entity725 ). METHODS: Twenty-five eyes of 18 @entity1 with @entity725 underwent NPTS with @entity1139 during the operation. The mean follow-up was 16.6 months (6 - 28 months). RESULTS: The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was (27.93 +/- 7.62) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) which decreased to a mean postoperative IOP of (14.62 +/- 3.53) mm Hg (P < 0.001). After operation, there was an obvious diffuse bleb in each eye, in the 3 months after operation, there were functional blebs in 21 eyes, and the successful filtration was ceased in 4 eyes. The anterior chamber reaction was mild. @entity5891 occurred in 1 eye after operation. Intra-operatively, in 4 eyes microperforations occurred in the trabecular meshwork without @entity1539 prolapse, and after operation, under the gonioscope, the perforation could be observed in these eyes. In another 2 eyes, there was no intra-operative perforation, but a small fissure was seen by gonioscopy. CONCLUSIONS: NPTS with application of @entity1139 can lower the IOP effectively in this group of @entity1 . The recovery of vision after operation is quick. A few complications occurred after operation. It is a promising technique to treat @entity725 .

title: [Non-penetrating trabecular surgery with application of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: @entity349 contamination in the water bodies of developing countries is a serious concern due to its @entity137 , persistence, and bioaccumulation. Vembanad, a tropical backwater @entity17360 situated at the southwest coast of India, is the largest Ramsar site in southern India. The @entity17360 supports thousands of @entity1 directly and indirectly through its resources and ecosystem services. It is highly polluted with toxic pollutants such as heavy metals, as it receives effluent discharges from Kerala' @entity41527 industrial zone. In the present study, water, pore water, sediment, and fish samples collected from Vembanad @entity17360 were analysed for total @entity349 (THg) and @entity5165 (MHg) contents. The maximum concentrations of THg and MHg in surface water samples were31.8 and 0.21  ng/L, respectively, and those in bottom water samples were 206 and 1.22  ng/L, respectively. Maximum concentration of THg in surface sediment was observed during monsoon season (2850  ng/g) followed by that in the pre-monsoon season (2730  ng/g) and the post-monsoon season (2140  ng/g). The highest sediment concentration of MHg (202.02  ng/g) was obtained during monsoon season. The spatial variation in the @entity349 contamination clearly indicates that the industrial discharge into the Periyar River is a major reason for pollution in the @entity17360 . The @entity349 pollution was found to be much higher in Vembanad @entity17360 than in other wetlands in India. The bioaccumulation was high in carnivorous fishes, followed by benthic carnivores. The THg limit in fish for @entity1 consumption (0.5  mg/kg dry wt.) was exceeded for all fish species, except for Glossogobius guiris and Synaptura orientalis. The concentration of THg was five times higher in @entity32169 and four times higher in @entity65507 . Significant variation was observed among species with different habits and habitats. Overall, risk assessment factors showed that the @entity349 levels in the edible fishes of Vembanad @entity17360 can pose serious health impacts to the @entity1 population.

title: Total and XXXX in the water, sediment, and fishes of Vembanad, a tropical backwater system in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury', 'Mercury']

entities_list: @entity32169 :: ('118141', 'Species') :: ['Megalops cyprinoides']

entities_list: @entity5165 :: ('CHEBI:30785', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl mercury']

answer: @entity5165 :: (CHEBI:30785,Chemical) :: ['methyl mercury']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The worldwide prevalence of @entity28 and its associated metabolic and @entity65 has risen dramatically during the past two decades. Our objective is to review the mechanisms that link @entity28 with @entity101 and altered kidney function. RECENT FINDINGS: Current evidence suggests that excess @entity1017 may be responsible for 65-75% of the risk for essential @entity101 . Abnormal renal pressure natriuresis, due initially to increased renal tubular sodium reabsorption, is a key factor linking @entity28 with @entity101 . Obesity increases renal @entity1372 reabsorption by activating the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems, and by altering intrarenal physical forces. Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ, secreting hormones/cytokines (e.g. leptin) that may activate the sympathetic nervous system and alter kidney function. Excess visceral adipose tissue may physically compress the kidneys, increasing intrarenal pressures and tubular reabsorption. Sustained @entity28 eventually causes structural changes in the kidneys and loss of nephron function, further increasing arterial pressure and leading to severe @entity8 in some cases. SUMMARY: Despite considerable progress in understanding the pathophysiology of @entity28 , there are still no specific guidelines for the treatment of @entity101 other than weight reduction. Special considerations for obese @entity101 @entity1 , in addition to controlling blood pressure, are correcting the metabolic abnormalities and protecting the kidneys from injury. This remains an important area for further research, especially in view of the current 'epidemic' of @entity28 in most industrialized countries.

title: Obesity-associated XXXX and @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['obesity hypertension', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many students with @entity717 exhibit persisting reading problems despite intervention. The crucial difference between effective and struggling readers is their executive functions (EFs), and improved functions impact positively on learning to read and reading to learn. OBJECTIVES: Firstly, to show that high-risk and struggling students' persisting language and reading difficulties are accompanied by @entity409 . Secondly, to present one student's daily struggles at school in a narrative based on teacher, parent and @entity1 interviews. METHOD: This retrospective study is based on speech-language pathology (SLP) evaluations of a clinical sample of 23 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 6-16 from a range of middle class families. While language and reading evaluations were tailored to the students' particular situation, i.e. age, grade, languages or complaint, EFs were examined in all with the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function teacher questionnaire. RESULTS: Virtually all students exhibited @entity409 , and many showed a high risk of @entity71 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that inclusion of EFs in SLP evaluations is valuable in uncovering @entity409 comorbidity that may underlie persisting @entity5545 . It is proposed that speech-language pathologists explicitly and routinely braid language and reading with EFs in their evaluations so to effectively predict, uncover and prevent persisting @entity717 in students.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: @entity409 , XXXX and speech-language pathology evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorders']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunctions', 'executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['reading disabilities']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['reading disorders']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['reading disabilities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3069 . @entity3068 in @entity291 are generally challenging to detect and cost-effective test strategies are consequently difficult to identify. MAP-specific antibody ELISAs for milk and serum are relatively inexpensive, but their utility is influenced by a number of factors such as herd size, herd composition and diagnostic sensitivity. The sensitivity of the test increases with the age of the tested animal, and therefore the general, or "mean effective sensitivity" (defined as the mean of the sensitivities for all animals within a population, @entity32973 ), for detecting MAP within a herd is dependent upon the age distribution of the herd. For this study we used a dataset of @entity291 from 4,259 dairy herds and 4,078 non-dairy herds. The aim was to investigate the @entity32973 for groups of @entity291 considered to be reasonable entities for MAP surveillance and control, in order to assist the decision-makers in planning and optimizing these programs economically. We compared six different groups of @entity291 (three dairy and three non-dairy) in Denmark by calculating the @entity32973 for each herd in each group. RESULTS: The distribution of @entity32973 showed a large variation within and between groups, and in some groups we found a bimodal distribution of @entity32973 . Dairy herds generally showed higher @entity32973 than non-dairy herds. Dairy herds in a control programme for @entity3068 showed a @entity32973 similar to all other dairy herds from which animals   >   2.0  years were tested (both groups had a median @entity32973   =   0.60). For the non-dairy groups, the sensitivity became much higher when animals   <   2.0  years and herds with less than 25 @entity291 were excluded, resulting in a median @entity32973 of 0.65. CONCLUSION: The results showed that @entity32973 could indicate the effectivity of testing different @entity291 groups for MAP, given that the data used are unbiased.

title: Mean effective sensitivity for @entity3069 . paratuberculosis infection in XXXX herds.

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis (MAP) infections', 'paratuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']