abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare changes in diagnosed @entity6 prevalence and incidence among Status Aboriginal @entity1 and @entity1 living in urban and rural areas of Alberta. METHODS: We compared trends in @entity6 prevalence and incidence from 1995 to 2006 based on diagnostic codes from Alberta Health and Wellness (AHW) administrative records for adults aged 20 years and older. The AHW Registry file was used to determine registered Aboriginal status, as well as rural and urban residence (based on postal code). Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare @entity6 rates over time, by sex and location of residence. RESULTS: Age- and sex-adjusted @entity6 prevalence increased 35% in rural Status Aboriginals, from 10.9 (10.4-11.5) per 100 in 1995 to 14.7 (14.2-15.2) per 100 in 2006. Rates in urban Status Aboriginals increased 22% in the same time period from 9.4 (8.5-10.3) per 100 in 1995 to 11.5 (10.9-12.1) per 100 in 2006. The increases in prevalence were greater (p < 0.001) for @entity1 (43% and 40%) compared to @entity1 (30% and 12%) in rural and urban settings, respectively. @entity6 incidence increased 45% in Status Aboriginal @entity1 , from 7.4 (4.9-10.6) per 1000 in 1995 to 10.7 (8.3-13.5) per 1000 in 2006 in urban locations, compared to a 35% increase among Status Aboriginal @entity1 living in rural locations (p = 0.628). Among Status Aboriginal @entity1 , incidence increased by 25% for those living in urban locations, but did not change for those in rural locations (p = 0.109). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence and incidence of diagnosed @entity6 were highest in Status Aboriginal @entity1 , but these rates have increased faster in @entity1 over the past decade, regardless of their location of residence.

title: Increasing incidence and prevalence of XXXX among the Status Aboriginal population in urban and rural Alberta, 1995-2006.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The central and peripheral nervous systems participate in several local physiological and pathological processes. There is experimental evidence that the inflammatory, local immune, and wound healing responses of a tissue can be modulated by its innervation. The aim of this clinical report is to present a case of unilateral severe @entity2521 associated with ipsilateral surgical resection of the fifth, sixth, and seventh @entity129 and to discuss the possible contribution of the nervous system to periodontal pathogenesis. METHODS: A 39-year-old female @entity1 with a history of a @entity64 caused by a right pontine @entity2758 and destruction of the right fifth, sixth, and seventh @entity129 was diagnosed with severe @entity7278 affecting only the right maxillary and mandibular quadrants. The @entity1 's oral hygiene was similar for right and left sides of the mouth. Percentages of tooth surfaces carrying dental plaque were 41% and 36% for right and left sides, respectively. Non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy was performed, and the @entity1 was placed on a regular periodontal maintenance schedule. RESULTS: Healing following initial periodontal therapy and osseous periodontal surgery occurred without complications. Follow-up clinical findings at 1 year revealed stable periodontal health. CONCLUSIONS: This case report suggests that periodontal innervation may contribute to the regulation of local processes involved in @entity2521 pathogenesis. It also suggests that periodontal therapy can be performed successfully at sites and in @entity1 affected by @entity912 .

title: Unilateral severe @entity7278 associated with ipsilateral surgical resection of XXXX V, VI, and VII.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['cranial nerves']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are solid tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, mostly found in the stomach and intestine. They rarely present as @entity5409 . A 74-year-old @entity1 referred to the hepatopancreaticobiliary unit, with 3   months history of upper abdominal discomfort. Abdominal ultrasound scan showed a large @entity5409 in the epigastric region suggestive of a @entity9007 . The CT-scan showed a 6.6*6*6.3   cm size cyst related to the pancreas and extending to the hepatogastric omentum. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) scan was suggestive of a @entity9007 . @entity45 fluid via EUS showed benign cytology with normal amylase, lipase and @entity5 markers (CEA, CA-19.9 and CA-125). She was referred as a case of @entity9007 . After surgical excision, the histopathology confirmed the presence @entity677 in the wall of the @entity5409 . The possibility of @entity677 should be kept in mind in the presence of unusual features of a cyst on abdominal imaging.

title: XXXX masquerading as a cyst in the lesser sac.

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion', 'cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumours', 'GISTs', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['Aspirated Cyst']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumour']


abstract: In our @entity1 , @entity447 was observed in German shepherd @entity235 and Siberian huskies. Frequently occurring clinical symptoms were excessive @entity548 from the gums, when getting adult teeth, and haematomas in the regions of the proximal hindleg, the knee joint as well as the chest or abdominal wall, respectively. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) as a screening test of the intrinsic coagulation system reflects sensitively also a mildly reduced @entity11691 :C activity which may be present for example during substitution therapy. Therefore, the aPTT is well suited for screening for @entity447 . In haemophilic @entity235 suffering from @entity1457 due to a considerable acute @entity190 , besides the aPTT also the prothrombin time and partly the platelet number were beyond the respective reference range due to loss and consumption of coagulation factors and thrombocytes. For substitution therapy, fresh frozen plasma was used in the first line. Administered at a dose of 15 or 20 ml/kg BW, it caused an increase of @entity11691 :C activity by 20 or 33%, respectively. 24 hours after the end of infusion the mean of the remaining activity increase in comparison with the value measured immediately after substitution was 27%. The fast, biphasic elimination of @entity11691 :C in some cases required a repeated application until clinical recovery. @entity7062 given at a dose of 1 microgram/kg KGW intravenously or subcutaneously to two @entity235 each did not cause a distinct increase of the @entity11691 :C activity, and is, therefore, not an efficacious supplementary therapy to substitution therapy in haemophilic @entity235 .

title: [ @entity447 in the XXXX : symptoms, blood coagulation analysis and treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['Desmopressin acetate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolaemic shock']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Ninety-nine consecutive @entity1 with @entity2685 were operated upon over a period of 8 1/2 years. Among them, 70% sustained traction injuries. The surgical procedures included neurolysis in 35, excision of a @entity2950 in six and interfascicular sural nerve grafting in 27 @entity1 . In 25 @entity1 , after an exploration, no further surgical procedure was carried out. In four @entity1 , an intercosto-musculocutaneous @entity254 , and in two a trapezius muscle transplant were carried out. Just over two-thirds (68%) of the @entity1 were operated upon 6 months after the injury. Water soluble contrast myelography was performed in 60 @entity1 . These included @entity1 where a root injury had been diagnosed clinically or electrophysiologically. MRI was performed in 14 @entity1 to visualize root @entity155 and distal lesions. Operative confirmation of MRI findings were obtained in more than 85% of @entity1 . While an early improvement was seen in @entity1 where only a neurolysis was required, at longer follow-up, gratifying results were recorded even in @entity1 with interfascicular grafts of 6-8 cm length. All 49 @entity1 who came for follow-up and in whom a definitive surgical procedure had been carried out improved. Of these @entity1 , 61% showed near normal or satisfactory functional recovery. The other @entity1 were followed for periods of less than 1.5 years and may show further improvement with time.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsions']

entities_list: @entity2950 :: ('MESH:D009463', 'Disease') :: ['lateral neuroma']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus injuries']


abstract: The issue of delayed @entity16 as a result of treatment is becoming increasingly important now that an increased number of @entity1 survive treatment for @entity981 ( @entity981 ). Following modification of the treatment protocols, severe symptomatic late effects are rare, and most adverse effects are detected by sensitive imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or by neuropsychological testing. In this study we aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of late central nervous system (CNS) damage by MRI and clinical examination in @entity1 treated for @entity981 . A cross-sectional study was carried out at the pediatric oncology unit of Zagazig University, Egypt, and included 25 @entity1 who were consecutively enrolled and treated according to the modified @entity1 's @entity5 Group (CCG) 1991 protocol for standard risk @entity981 and the modified CCG 1961 protocol for high-risk @entity981 and who had survived more than 5 years from the diagnosis. All relevant data were collected from @entity1 ' medical records; particularly the data concerning the initial clinical presentation and initial brain imaging. All @entity1 were subjected to thorough history and full physical examination with special emphasis on the neurological system. MRI of the brain was performed for all @entity1 . The mean age of @entity1 was 6.9  3.04 years at diagnosis and was 12.9  3.2 years at the time of study. The @entity1 comprised 14 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 . Abnormal MRI findings were detected in six @entity1 (24%). They were in the form of @entity62 in two @entity1 (8%), @entity1010 in two @entity1 (8%), old @entity1188 in one @entity1 (4%) and old @entity548 in one @entity1 (4%). The number of abnormal MRI findings was significantly higher in high-risk @entity1 , @entity1 who had CNS manifestations at diagnosis and @entity1 who had received cranial irradiation. We concluded that cranial irradiation is associated with higher incidence of MRI changes in @entity1 treated for @entity981 . Limitation of cranial irradiation to selected @entity1 contributed to a lower incidence of @entity16 in our study. MRI is a sensitive radiological tool to detect structural changes in @entity1 treated for @entity981 , even in asymptomatic cases.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in survivors of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage', 'neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: Renal lesions of IgG4-related disease have been reported recently. Most of them are @entity1986 , and a definite @entity631 complicating IgG4-related disease is very rare. We report here a case of definite @entity631 and concurrent @entity1986 complicating @entity3807 with a high serum level of IgG4. A 68-year-old Japanese @entity1 was referred to our hospital for investigation of @entity4 . We diagnosed her disease as a @entity1985 and left hydroureteronephrosis due to @entity3807 . Her laboratory data revealed a high serum level of IgG4, @entity8 , @entity9427 , hypocomplementemia, a positive finding of circulating immunocomplex (CIC), and negative findings ofautologous antibodies suggesting @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) or @entity244 ( @entity244 ). A diagnosis of @entity1252 or @entity244 could not be made clinically. Right renal biopsy revealed @entity631 with crescent formation and concurrent @entity1986 . Infiltration of plasma cells in interstitium was more conspicuous than seen with ordinary @entity1986 , and in most of them IgG4 was positive. We placed a percutaneous nephrostomy catheter in her left kidney, and prescribed @entity617 and @entity205 . The responses to @entity617 and @entity205 therapies were very good. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between @entity631 and IgG4-related disease. However, when considering renal lesions of IgG4-related disease, we think that hypocomplementemia, a positive finding of CIC, negative findings of autologous antibodies suggesting @entity1252 or @entity244 , conspicuous interstitial infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells, and a good response to @entity134 or immunosuppressant therapy are key points.

title: Endocapillary proliferative @entity631 with crescent formation and concurrent @entity1986 complicating XXXX with a high serum level of IgG4.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['anasarca']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['hypoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis', 'glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity3807 :: (MESH:D012185,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal fibrosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Carotid endarterectomy may be performed under general (GA) or @entity590 ( @entity590 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of anesthetic techniques on perioperative mortality and morbidity in @entity1 undergoing carotid surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study included 1098 consecutive @entity1 operated on between 2003 and 2009 (773 underwent cervical @entity616 and 325 underwent general anesthesia). RESULTS: There were 6 deaths, 3 (0.9%) after GA and 3 (0.4%) after @entity590 (p = 0.272). @entity16 rates were not significantly different (GA 2.1% vs. @entity590 1.1%, p = 0.212). Incidence of @entity583 was similar (GA 0.31% vs. LA 0.39%, p = 0.840). Shunt placement rate was the same in both groups, 11.1%. Total operating time and carotid clamping time were significantly shorter in @entity590 @entity1 ( @entity590 : 92 min vs. GA: 106 min; p < 0.001 and @entity590 : 18 min vs. GA: 19 min; p = 0.040). There was no significant difference in number of reinterventions ( @entity590 : 1.0% vs. GA: 0.6%; p = 0.504). @entity358 were common in the GA group ( @entity590 : 0 vs. GA 0.9%; p = 0.007). Time to first postoperative analgesic was significantly shorter in the GA group ( @entity590 : 226 min vs. GA: 139 min; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Type of anesthesia does not affect the outcome of surgical treatment of @entity66 . However, it should be stressed that fewer @entity1576 , later requirement for first postoperative analgesic, and an awake @entity1 who can continue oral therapy early after surgery, give priority to regional techniques of anesthesia.

title: Cervical XXXX versus general anesthesia in carotid surgery: single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complication']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['regional anesthesia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['plexus block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['plexus block']


abstract: Exercise training has recently become an accepted therapeutic modality in @entity712 after @entity583 . Because the therapeutic mechanism behind it is controversial and not well understood, we analyzed the influence of exercise training on blood viscosity. Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity712 (ejection fraction < 40%) after @entity583 were randomly assigned to either an 8-week intensive exercise program at a residential rehabilitation center or 8 weeks of sedentary life at home. Exercise consisted of two 1-hour walking sessions per day and four intensive bicycle ergometer training sessions of 40 minutes at 70% to 80% peak exercise capacity per week. Whole blood viscosity, viscosity at standardized hematocrit of 45% ( @entity19360 ) at high and low shear rates, and plasma viscosity were measured in a Couette-type viscometer before, during, and at the end of the study period. Exercise training, which significantly increased maximal cardiac output and @entity26 uptake, did not change plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity, and @entity19360 significantly. Sedentary controls, however, had a higher whole blood viscosity and @entity19360 after 8 weeks. No statistical difference was found, however, between the two groups. We conclude that blood rheology remains unaffected by exercise training in @entity1 with @entity712 . The improvement of blood viscosity remains an interesting therapeutic option for the symptoms of these @entity1 , which must be achieved by methods other than exercise training.

title: Influence of exercise training on blood viscosity in XXXX with coronary artery disease and impaired left ventricular function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) by exercise echocardiography is usually based on rest or exercise-induced regional wall-motion abnormalities. @entity339 ( @entity339 ), @entity1002 , and LV inflow measurements can be assessed during exercise echocardiography; however, their diagnostic value has not been analyzed consistently. Treadmill exercise echocardiography and coronary angiography were performed in 120 @entity1 (94 male, 26 female; mean age 61 +/- 10 years [+/- 1 SD]) to evaluate known or suspected @entity453 . Positive exercise echocardiography was defined either as a rest- or exercise-induced regional wall-motion abnormalities. An abnormal response of LV ejection fraction (EF), LV volumes, @entity339 (as assessed by color Doppler), and LV inflow pattern was defined as a fall in LVEF, a LV end-diastolic volume increase, a LV end-systolic volume increase, a new or increased @entity339 , or a change from an impaired relaxation pattern (E < A) to a "pseudonormalized" pattern ( @entity50071 ) from rest to exercise, respectively. @entity453 (> or = 50% luminal narrowing in at least one vessel) was found in 89 (74%) @entity1 . EE-based regional wall-motion abnormality analysis was positive in 95 (79%) @entity1 and negative in 25 (21%) @entity1 . Feasible images for regional wall-motion abnormalities, LVEF and volumes, LV inflow, and @entity339 measurements were acquired in 90% of @entity1 . Regional wall-motion abnormality analysis and LVEF decrease provided the greatest sensitivities for @entity453 (94% and 75%, respectively), while the highest specificity was given by a new or increased @entity339 (90%), the development of a pseudonormalized pattern (88%), and the appearance of @entity951 (87%). A positive electrocardiogram (ECG) finding in @entity1 with interpretable ECGs provided good sensitivity and specificity (67% and 85%, respectively). In conclusion, a complete rest and exercise Doppler echocardiography approach is feasible in most @entity1 . Regional wall-motion abnormalities are the most accurate exercise echocardiography variable for diagnosing @entity453 , whereas exercise ECG remains a good test in @entity1 with interpretable ECGs. Exercise echocardiography, exercise ECG, newly developed or increased @entity339 , and change to a pseudonormalized LV inflow pattern are highly specific.

title: Effect of left ventricular global systolic function, XXXX , and left ventricular inflow pattern on exercise echocardiography results.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral regurgitation', 'MR']

entities_list: @entity50071 :: ('p|SUB|E||A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E > A']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) global systolic function']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) site accounts for approximately 6.5% of all @entity5 . Optimal therapy for @entity1 with @entity189 has not yet been delineated. The current study was undertaken to evaluate response, time to treatment failure and survival in @entity1 with @entity189 treated with a combination regimen comprising @entity1138 , @entity1259 and @entity900 (MEP) versus @entity1138 alone (MITOC). Eighty-four @entity1 with @entity189 were randomised to receive either the combination (MEP) or MITOC. Both treatment arms were well matched for age, gender, performance status, dominant site and number of disease sites. Eighty of the above @entity1 were evaluable. Twenty @entity1 (50%) treated with MEP responded to treatment compared with 7 (17%) who received MITOC. Grade III-IV hemopoietic @entity137 was documented in 2 @entity1 treated with MEP and no @entity1 treated with MITOC. A single @entity1 treated with MEP developed grade I @entity1897 . Median time to treatment failure was 4.5 months for @entity1 receiving @entity27026 as opposed to 2 months for those receiving MITOC (p = 0.05). Median survival was 9.4 months in @entity1 treated with MEP compared to 5.4 months in those receiving MITOC (p = 0.05). This study indicates that the addition of @entity900 and @entity1259 to MITOC results in a significant improvement in the response rate, time to treatment failure and survival in @entity1 with @entity420 of unknown primary site.

title: @entity1138 , @entity1259 and XXXX versus @entity1138 alone as therapy for @entity189 of unknown primary origin.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['CUP', 'Carcinoma of unknown primary']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Tumor-associated glycoprotein ( @entity2797 ) is an antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody (MAb) B 72.3 which was generated against a membrane enriched fraction of @entity1 @entity189 cells. CA 72-4 is a novel antigen determinant on @entity2797 and is a quantitative radioimmunometric assay system utilizing two MAbs (CC-49, B 72.3) which react with circulating @entity2797 expressed by @entity1 @entity189 . We have employed the CA 72-4 RIA system to measure the antigen in sera. The optimum condition for this assay was found to be a 4 hour incubation at 37 degrees C for the first reaction and a 20 hour incubation at 4 degrees C for the second reaction. Under these conditions, intra-assay variation of the control sera was C.V. 3.0-5.2% and inter-assay variation was 5.6-8.3%. The mean +2 SD of CA 72-4 concentration in 468 healthy @entity1 was 3.9 U/ml. Therefore, less than 4.0 U/ml was taken as the cut off level for the CA 72-4 serum assay. The largest population in healthy @entity1 was at the range of 1.5-2.0 U/ml. Only 15 of 468 @entity1 (3.2%) demonstrated serum CA 72-4 levels more than 4.0 U/ml. These data thus indicate the efficacy of CA 72-4 RIA system for the serum assay as a novel @entity5 marker. The clinical evaluation of CA 72-4 in @entity1 with @entity5 is now underway.

title: [A radioimmunometric assay for circulating XXXX -associated glycoprotein ( @entity2797 ) using the antigen determinant CA 72-4].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial malignancies', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'mammary carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Background we intended to explore the functional implication of @entity26767 ( @entity26767 ) in predicting clinical prognosis and regulating @entity5 and @entity36689 sensitivity in @entity43 ( @entity43 ). Methods In 75 @entity43 @entity1 , @entity26767 expression was examined, by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), between paired @entity43 and adjacent normal tissues, and between @entity5 samples from @entity1 at early clinical stages and those at advanced clinical stages. The association of serum @entity26767 and @entity1 ' clinicopathological variables were examined. The overall survival (OS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier model. And the possibility of @entity26767 as a prognostic biomarker for @entity43 was examined by cox proportional hazard regression model. In @entity43 cell lines SKOV3 and @entity1 cells, lentiviral transduction was conducted to genetically suppress @entity26767 . The effect of @entity26767 downregulation on @entity43 in vitro growth, @entity36689 sensitivity and in vivo @entity7433 were examined. Results @entity26767 was highly expressed in @entity43 , as well ass in @entity1 at advanced clinical stages. Serum @entity26767 was significantly associated with major clinicopathological variables in @entity43 @entity1 , such as clinical stage and lymph node @entity3 . High level of serum @entity26767 was associated with poor OS in @entity43 @entity1 , and proved to be a potential biomarker for @entity43 . In @entity43 cell lines, functional assays demonstrated that @entity26767 downregulation inhibited @entity5 , enhanced @entity36689 sensitivity and reduced @entity7433 in vivo. Conclusion @entity26767 may be a prognostic biomarker for @entity43 , and inhibiting @entity26767 may have therapeutic effect to inhibit @entity5 growth in @entity43 .

title: XXXX correlates @entity5 prognosis, regulates @entity5 and @entity36689 sensitivity in epithelial ovarian caner.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'EOC tumors', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer proliferation']

entities_list: @entity7433 :: ('MESH:D002471', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenicity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity26767 :: (406959,Gene) :: ['MicroRNA-183']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our goals were to test the effect of @entity647 on @entity5 @entity3 and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We combined bacteria-induced and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced @entity647 ( @entity647 ) @entity19 models with @entity19 metastatic models to study the effect of acute @entity32 on lung @entity3 in @entity19 . The mechanisms were investigated in ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo studies. RESULTS: Both bacteria- and LPS-induced @entity647 significantly enhanced lung @entity3 of four tail vein-injected @entity19 @entity5 cell lines. Bacteria also enhanced lung @entity3 when 4T1 cells were orthotopically injected. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from LPS- or bacteria-injected @entity19 stimulated migration of @entity5 cells. In vivo tracking of metastatic RM-9 cells showed that bacterial injection enhanced early dissemination of @entity5 cells to the lung. The majority of the BALF migratory activity could be blocked by @entity9019 , a @entity9843 ( @entity9843 ) inhibitor. All tested cell lines expressed @entity9843 . The levels of extracellular ubiquitin, but not stromal cell-derived factor-1, in BALF were significantly increased by LPS. Ubiquitin was able to induce @entity9019 -sensitive migration of @entity5 cells. Finally, the antibacterial agent @entity115 and the @entity9843 inhibitor @entity9019 blocked the enhancement effect of @entity2348 @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity358 dramatically increased @entity5 cell homing to the lung and lung @entity3 . This change may be due to an alteration of the lung microenvironment and preparation of a favorable metastatic "niche." This effect was seen in @entity5 types and thus may have broad applications for @entity5 @entity1 in prevention and/or treatment of @entity3 .

title: The ubiquitin- XXXX axis plays an important role in @entity647 -enhanced lung tumor @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection on tumor']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung infection', 'ALI', 'acute lung injury/inflammation']

answer: @entity9843 :: (12767(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CXCR4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Case-control studies have demonstrated that screening by sigmoidoscopy is effective in reducing mortality from @entity14 . If nurses performed screening examinations, more @entity1 could be screened and, at current income levels, at a lower cost. METHODS: Two registered nurses and two licensed practical nurses learned to perform examinations with the flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscope in order to screen @entity1 for @entity14 . They performed 1881 independent examinations of outpatients more than 45 years of age. During the same period, 730 examinations were performed by two gastroenterologists in similar @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean depth of insertion of the sigmoidoscope was slightly but significantly greater in the @entity1 examined by the physicians than in those examined by the nurses (48 vs. 46 cm in @entity1 , P = 0.003; 41 vs. 38 cm in @entity1 , P = 0.002). @entity652 were found in 14 percent of the @entity1 and 8 percent of the @entity1 examined (P = 0.001). Nine @entity5 were found in @entity1 and four in @entity1 . There were no significant differences between the nurses and the physicians in the proportion of examinations that were positive for @entity652 or @entity5 . No complications occurred during the initial examinations or during 894 follow-up sigmoidoscopic procedures. Among the @entity1 whose initial examination results were normal, more of those examined by nurses returned for follow-up sigmoidoscopy after 12 months or more (45 percent, vs. 30 percent of those examined by physicians; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses can carry out screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy as accurately and safely as experienced gastroenterologists.

title: Screening for XXXX by nurse endoscopists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Adenomas', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3759 nanoparticles are suitable building blocks nanostructures for the synthesis of porous functional thin films. Here we report the preparation of films using @entity6701 , P25 titania and anatase pristine nanoparticles and of nanocomposite layers combining anatase nanoparticles and multi-walled @entity505 nanotube (MWCNT) at various concentrations. The structure and phase composition of the layers were characterized by X- @entity16039 diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Their morphology and texture properties were determined by scanning electron microscopy and krypton adsorption experiments, respectively. Additionally to a strong absorption in the UV range, the composites exhibited light absorption in the visible range as well. The photocatalytic performance of the layers was tested in the degradation of aqueous solutions of @entity44561 serving as a model of an eco-persistent pollutant. Besides the determination of the decrease in the concentration of @entity44561 , also the formation of intermediate degradation products, namely @entity8156 and @entity3276 , was followed. The presence of MWCNTs had a beneficial effect on the photocatalytic performance, a marked increase in the photocatalytic degradation rate constant being observed even at very low concentrations of MWCNTs. Compared to a P25 reference layer, the first order rate reaction constant increased by about 100% for the composite films containing MWCNTs at concentrations above 0.6 wt%. The key parameters for the enhancement of the photocatalytic performance are discussed. The presence of @entity505 nanotubes influences beneficially the degradation of @entity44561 by an attack of the primarily photoproduced @entity3787 radicals onto the @entity44561 molecules. The degradation due to the direct charge transfer is practically not influenced at all.

title: Photocatalytic activity of porous multiwalled @entity505 nanotube- XXXX composite layers for pollutant degradation.

entities_list: @entity3276 :: ('MESH:C004532', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoquinone']

entities_list: @entity44561 :: ('MESH:C029107', 'Chemical') :: ['4-chlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['brookite']

answer: @entity3759 :: (CHEBI:32234,Chemical) :: ['TiO2']


abstract: Maternal @entity2661 increase dramatically in labor because of @entity158 . Because the uterus is richly endowed with both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, @entity2661 could alter uterine activity. We assessed the effect of clinically encountered concentrations of these @entity2661 on uterine activity and modeled the effect of the abrupt reduction in circulating @entity1425 that occurs during effective labor analgesia. Term pregnant @entity35 uteri were excised, and cross-sectional rings were mounted for isometric force recording. Log concentration-response curves for @entity1425 , @entity1063 , and their combination on uterine activity were constructed from 10(-12) to 10(-6) M. @entity2922 responses were repeated in the presence of @entity5521 , an alpha-adrenergic blocker or @entity1169 , @entity5543 -adrenergic blocker. The abilities of @entity398 and of washout of @entity2661 to reverse @entity2922 -induced changes in uterine activity were also assessed. @entity1425 caused dose-dependent reductions in uterine activity, blocked by @entity1169 . @entity1425 concentrations in the clinical range(10(-9) to 10(-8) M; 100-1000 pg/mL) decreased uterine activity to 49.6% +/- 6.6% (mean +/- SE) of control. @entity1063 caused a dose-dependent increase in uterine activity, which was blocked by @entity5521 . In the clinical range (10(-8) M), uterine activity was 139.2% +/- 13.40% of control. The combination of both @entity2661 , however, was nearly as tocolytic as @entity1425 alone. @entity398 antagonized @entity2922 -induced tocolysis, and washout of @entity1425 or both @entity2661 increased uterine activity. We conclude that mixed @entity2661 are significantly tocolytic at concentrations encountered in laboring @entity1 . In this in vitro model, reduction in @entity1425 concentration, comparable to that which occurs during effective analgesia, significantly increases uterine activity. IMPLICATIONS: Maternal @entity2661 increase in labor, but @entity1425 decreases dramatically after regional analgesia. In this study, we found that @entity1063 and @entity1425 together decrease uterine contractile activity and that decreased @entity1425 causes significantly increased uterine activity.

title: The tocolytic effect of XXXX in the gravid @entity35 uterus.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and emotional stress']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine', 'Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3791 has been the most commonly used treatment for @entity8598 periodic @entity912 since 1968. However, its mechanism of efficacy is not fully understood, and it is not known whether therapy response relates to genotype. We undertook a clinical and genetic study to evaluate the response rate of @entity1 treated with @entity3791 and to investigate possible correlations between response and genotype. METHODS: We identified a total of 74 genotyped @entity1 for this study. These included @entity1 who were referred over a 15-year period to the only U.K. referral center or to a Chinese center and who underwent extensive clinical evaluation. For all genotyped @entity1 , the response to @entity3791 therapy in terms of attack frequency and severity was documented. Direct DNA sequencing of @entity38695 and @entity16093 was performed. RESULTS: Only 46% of the total @entity1 cohort (34 of 74) reported benefit from @entity3791 . There was a greater chance of benefit in @entity1 with mutations in @entity38695 (31 responded of 55 total) than in those with mutations in @entity16093 (3 responded of 19 total). @entity1 with mutations that resulted in @entity1522 being substituted by @entity2228 in either gene were the least likely to report benefit. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study indicates that only approximately 50% of genotyped @entity1 with @entity8598 periodic @entity912 respond to @entity3791 . We found evidence supporting a relationship between genotype and treatment response. Prospective randomized controlled trials are required to further evaluate this relationship. Development of alternative therapies is required.

title: XXXX efficacy in @entity8598 periodic @entity912 and the predictive role of genotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide', 'Acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity8598 :: ('MESH:D020514', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemic']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity3791 :: (MESH:D000086,Chemical) :: ['Acetazolamide']


abstract: The standard treatment for @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is the key to its control. Here, we report on the statistics of treatment status and the duration of hospitalization/treatment. The place of initial treatment was observed among newly notified @entity378 @entity1 (n = 24,170) in 2009. The proportion receiving treatment in hospital was highest (91.8%) in sputum smear-positive @entity1907 @entity1 (n = 9,675) including 2.3% hospitalized mainly due to other diseases. The proportion receiving treatment in hospital was the least (25.1%) among bacteriologically negative @entity1907 cases, including 10.4 % hospitalized mainly due to other diseases. Among sputum smear-positive @entity1907 cases the proportion of @entity1 receiving treatment in hospital did not differ with age, but among bacteriologically negative @entity1907 cases, this proportion differed markedly according to age group (e.g., 7.7% of those in their 20s, 24.4% of those in their 50s and 48.8% of those in their 80s). The duration of hospitalization for @entity378 treatment among newly notified cases in 2008 was observed. The median hospitalization periods were 73 days, 78 days, 45 days, 36 days and 46 days, among new sputum smear-positive @entity1907 cases, retreatment sputum smear-positive @entity1907 cases, other bacillus-positive @entity1907 cases, bacilli-negative @entity1907 cases and @entity1907 cases, respectively. The duration of @entity378 treatment among newly notified cases in 2008 was observed at the end of 2009. The median treatment duration among all forms of @entity378 was 272 days. The longest median treatment duration was 286 days for retreatment of sputum smear-positive @entity1907 cases and the shortest was 198 days for bacteriologically negative @entity1907 cases.

title: [ @entity378 annual report 2009--series 9. Treatment of XXXX (2)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['extra-pulmonary TB', 'pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['TB']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central bisectionectomy (resection of Couinaud segments IV, V and @entity797 ) for malignant or benign disease poses a technical challenge to the surgeon but if feasible, has significant benefits in terms of conserving liver volume and options for future intervention. This study reviews a cohort of @entity1 who underwent this procedure; outlines the indications, optimal operative technique as well as both short- and long-term outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed. Pre-operative clinicopathological data, operative details and post-operative outcomes including overall and disease-free survival were analysed. RESULTS: Between 1989 and 2009, 21 @entity1 underwent a central bisectionectomy. All procedures were performed for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). All @entity1 underwent a R0 resection with a median resection margin of 5   mm (1-15   mm). The 1-, 3- and 5-year disease-free survivals were 65%, 34.8% and 34.8%, and the corresponding overall survival rates were 90.5%, 66.8% and 66.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: These data support the use of a central bisectionectomy in selected cases in the management of @entity157 . With the use of a meticulous operative technique and adherence to surgical oncological principles, satisfactory long-term outcomes were achievable.

title: Outcomes of central bisectionectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Early diagnosis and treatment of @entity2 contribute to a @entity1 's prolonged survival. Proteomics and tissue culture were used to screen potential serum markers of @entity2 . METHODS: The differential proteomic technique and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry were used to identify overexpressed proteins from cultured @entity5 tissues in a conditioned medium. Paired lung tissues in a conditioned medium were used as the control group. Overexpressed @entity50718 ( @entity50718 ) was identified using Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The expression of nineteen protein spots exhibited a twofold increase compared with that in the control group. Fourteen of which were identified, including the distinctly overexpressed @entity50718 . Western blot analysis revealed a high level of @entity50718 in the @entity2220 in both tissue culture media and patients' serum. Overexpressed @entity50718 was also detected in the serum of @entity1149 @entity1 via ELISA compared with that in the serum of @entity151 @entity1 , @entity2 @entity1 , and healthy individuals (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity50718 is a potential serum marker of @entity1149 .

title: [Proteomics-based identification of proapoptotic caspase adapter protein as a novel serum marker of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity50718 :: ('51237', 'Gene') :: ['PACAP', 'proapoptotic caspase adaptor protein']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'benign lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously reported the effect of 2 years of @entity4546 40 mg daily on columnar-lined (Barrett's) oesophagus (CLO). AIMS: In the present study, follow-up has been extended to 5 years to assess the macroscopic and microscopic effects of continuing therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: The 23 @entity1 have been followed for up to a further 3 years. Endoscopy with multiple biopsies was performed at the end of years 3, 4 and 5. RESULTS: Although there had been a statistically significant regression in the length of CLO after 2 years, there was no overall further measurable change after 5 years. However, one @entity1 showed complete macroscopic and microscopic regression. The number and size of macroscopic squamous islands within the CLO continued to increase, and there was a further increase in microscopic squamous re-epithelialization of surface mucosa, gland ducts and Barrett's gland tissue. @entity258 was found consistently in one @entity1 in biopsies taken up to the end of year 3 but it could not be detected thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4546 40 mg daily appears to have beneficial effects on CLO, although it rarely induces a complete regression. Whether the benefits will reduce the risk of malignant transformation is unknown.

title: Regression of columnar-lined (Barrett's) oesophagus with XXXX 40 mg daily: results of 5 years of continuous therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['Low-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole', 'Omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: A case of @entity3038 with a large cyst is reported. A 22-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with complaints of @entity227 and @entity10 . Plain skull x-ray films showed a radiolucent area in the right frontal area. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an iso-dense mass in the right frontal lobe with a large cyst. After administration of contrast medium, the solid part and cyst wall were well enhanced and the content of the cyst was slightly enhanced. CT number of the cyst fluid was increased from 64.2 to 83.5 Hounsfield units, after administration of the contrast medium. Axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) revealed an iso-intense mass with marked enhancement by @entity7241 in the same area. A large cyst was shown to be located in the dorsal part of the mass. A small round protrusion, 10 mm in diameter, was found on the anterior portion of the mass on this MRI. Right carotid angiogram showed a @entity5 stain fed by the frontopolar artery. Right frontal lobectomy including the @entity5 was carried out with a preoperative diagnosis of @entity463 . The @entity1 received radiation therapy of 60Gy (whole brain 40Gy; focal 20Gy) and chemotherapy postoperatively. Histologically, @entity39 , @entity548 and endothelial hyperplasia were revealed at the @entity5 lesion. The @entity5 was composed of proliferation of glial and mesenchymal elements. The glial element appeared as fibrillary astrocytoma and @entity10053 . The mesenchymal element showed @entity242 . As mentioned above, this @entity5 was diagnosed as @entity3038 . It was difficult to make a diagnosis of @entity3038 preoperatively because of the complex findings similar to @entity11 in conventional neuroradiological imaging.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of XXXX associated with large cyst].

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['polar spongioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity3038 :: (MESH:D018316,Disease) :: ['gliosarcoma']


abstract: Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a ubiquitous endoribonuclease that cleaves precursor tRNAs to generate mature 5' termini. Although RNase P from all kingdoms of life have been found to have essential RNA subunits, the number and size of the protein subunits ranges from one small protein in bacteria to at least nine proteins of up to 100 kDa. In @entity375 nuclear RNase P, the enzyme is composed of ten subunits: a single RNA and nine essential proteins. The spatial organization of these components within the enzyme is not yet understood. In this study we examine the likely binary protein-protein and protein-RNA subunit interactions by using directed two- and three-hybrid tests in @entity375 . Only two protein subunits, @entity46318 and @entity46319 , specifically bind the RNA subunit. @entity46319 also interacted with seven of the other eight protein subunits. The remaining protein subunits all showed one or more specific protein-protein interactions with the other integral protein subunits. Of particular interest was the behavior of @entity46320 , the only protein subunit found in RNase P but not in the closely related enzyme, RNase MRP. @entity46320 interacts strongly with itself as well as with @entity46319 . Similar interactions with self and @entity46319 were also detected for @entity46321 , the only unique protein subunit so far identified in RNase MRP. This observation is consistent with @entity46321 and @entity46320 serving analogous functions in the two enzymes. This study provides a low-resolution map of the multisubunit architecture of the ribonucleoprotein enzyme, nuclear RNase P from @entity375 .

title: Interactions among the protein and RNA subunits of XXXX nuclear RNase P.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) were isolated from @entity3531 -positive (+) and @entity3531 -negative (-) end-stage livers. Phenotypic analysis and functional studies using proliferative and lymphocytotoxic assays were performed with the isolated @entity409 . Two @entity5168 + lymphocyte populations were found in @entity409 using FITC anti- @entity5168 monoclonal antibodies (mAb). One was a bright fluorescence intensity population (as in PBL), and the other dim. We calculated the number of FITC-anti- @entity5168 mAbs bound per lymphocyte on PBL and @entity409 and found 80,040 +/- 4628 and 39,615 +/- 3932, respectively. Therefore, @entity3531 + and @entity3531 - @entity1 PBL contained approximately twice the number of @entity5168 molecules per cell than @entity1 @entity5168 + @entity409 . @entity409 also contained approximately a threefold higher concentration of TCR alpha beta +, @entity404 - @entity405 -, and @entity2940 ,16 (NK) cells than the @entity1 PBL. Thus, a major subset of @entity409 is phenotypically similar to @entity19 @entity11386 + "intermediate" T cells. @entity409 freshly isolated from @entity3531 + livers exhibited weak CTL activity against EBV- or Con A-transformed lymphoblast targets infected with vaccinia- @entity3531 recombinant virus (rHCV) or primary hepatocyte cultured cells. However, after in vitro coculture of @entity409 with rHCV, these cells developed a strong @entity137 for the above targets. In contrast, @entity409 from @entity3531 - livers were not cytotoxic against the same targets. Histochemical studies (in situ) demonstrated that these hepatocytes express @entity1197 , and stains demonstrated apoptosis. The @entity3531 + hepatocytes also express class I MHC molecules and ICAM-1. The addition of mAb specific for these adhesion molecules inhibited CML activity. Short-term cultured hepatocytes (targets) from @entity3531 + and @entity3531 - @entity1 produced low levels of cytokines @entity1356 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , @entity310 , and @entity379 but a high level of @entity687 . It is speculated that @entity409 expressing reduced numbers of @entity5168 molecules may even function as immune regulators as proposed for intermediate T cells in @entity19 .

title: The immune reactivity role of XXXX -induced liver infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular damage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LIL', 'Liver infiltrating lymphocytes']

answer: @entity3531 :: (11096,Species) :: ['HCV']


abstract: The ONE Registry (OR) was an international prospective observational study of on-demand recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) treatment for mild to moderate @entity548 in @entity447 /B @entity1 with inhibitors. To describe real-world use of single and multi dose rFVIIa and to compare outcomes, including effectiveness, safety, quality of life and treatment satisfaction associated with treatment. Baseline data included demographics, treatment, medical and bleed history and @entity1 /caregiver-reported outcomes regarding @entity548 . rFVIIa was prescribed according to routine practice; regimens varied and initial dose was categorized as low (LD,  <= 120  g kg(-1) ), intermediate (ID, >120 and <250  g kg(-1) ) or high ( @entity2033 , >=  250  g kg(-1) ). OR included 102 @entity1 and 85 (83%) reported 494 @entity548 overall. Mean age was 23 years (SD 16.4), with 52% >=  18 years. Majority of @entity548 (n = 350, 71%) involved >=  1 joints; 46% involved a target joint. Median initial dose was 90  g kg(-1) in LD (range 87-120, n = 156), 174  g kg(-1) in ID, (range 121-249, n = 127) and 270  g kg(-1) in @entity2033 , (range 250-375, n = 211). For spontaneous @entity548 , effective haemostasis rate at 9 h was 63% LD, 60% ID and 56% @entity2033 . Rates of combined partially effective/effective haemostasis was 85% LD, 96% ID and 86% @entity2033 . Median number of doses in @entity2033 was one (range 1-7), compared with two in LD (range 1-17) and ID (range 1-23). No @entity1031 events were reported in 1145 doses given. These observational data in real life are consistent with previous studies which have shown similar overall effectiveness of rFVIIa and similar effectiveness and safety across different patterns of standard initial dosing.

title: Real-world outcomes with recombinant factor VIIa treatment of acute @entity548 in XXXX @entity1 with inhibitors: results from the international ONE registry.

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is a serious disease that is associated with an increased risk of @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity299 , @entity64 , and @entity5 , among other diseases. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates a 20% @entity28 rate in the 50 states, with 12 states having rates of over 30%. Currently, the body mass index (BMI) is most commonly used to determine adiposity. However, BMI presents as an inaccurate @entity28 classification method that underestimates the epidemic and contributes to failed treatment. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of precise biomarkers and duel-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to help diagnose and treat @entity28 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A cross-sectional study of adults with BMI, DXA, fasting leptin and insulin results were measured from 1998-2009. Of the @entity1 , 63% were females, 37% were males, 75% white, with a mean age = 51.4 (SD = 14.2). Mean BMI was 27.3 (SD = 5.9) and mean percent body fat was 31.3% (SD = 9.3). BMI characterized 26% of the subjects as @entity28 , while DXA indicated that 64% of them were @entity28 . 39% of the subjects were classified as non- @entity28 by BMI, but were found to be @entity28 by DXA. BMI misclassified 25% @entity1 and 48% @entity1 . Meanwhile, a strong relationship was demonstrated between increased leptin and increased body fat. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results demonstrate the prevalence of false-negative BMIs, increased misclassifications in @entity1 of advancing age, and the reliability of gender-specific revised BMI cutoffs. BMI underestimates @entity28 prevalence, especially in @entity1 with high leptin levels (>30 ng/mL). Clinicians can use leptin-revised levels to enhance the accuracy of BMI estimates of percentage body fat when DXA is unavailable.

title: Measuring adiposity in XXXX : the utility of body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, and leptin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Our previous findings suggest that @entity2383 is the mechanism underlying @entity73 induced by @entity5228 (DA). @entity21243 (UA), a natural @entity14521 compound, possesses many important biological functions. Evidence shows that UA can activate PI3K/ @entity1994 signaling and suppress @entity34472 ( @entity34472 ) activity. @entity34472 is an important regulator of mitochondrial function. Here we investigate whether @entity34472 is involved in the oxidative stress-induced @entity2383 in DA-treated @entity19 and whether UA inhibits DA-induced @entity2383 and @entity73 through regulating the PI3K/ @entity1994 and @entity34472 signaling pathways. Our results showed that @entity34472 knockdown reversed the @entity2383 and @entity73 induced by DA in @entity19 through decreasing HO-1 expression. Mechanistically, @entity34472 activation was associated with oxidative stress-induced @entity14032 activation and decrease of @entity1994 phosphorylation. Moreover, UA attenuated the @entity2383 and @entity73 through promoting @entity1994 phosphorylation and @entity34472 nuclear exclusion in the hippocampus of DA-treated @entity19 . @entity2306 , an inhibitor of PI3K/ @entity1994 signaling, significantly decreased @entity1994 phosphorylation in the hippocampus of DA/UA @entity19 , which weakened UA actions. These results suggest that UA could be recommended as a possible candidate for the prevention and therapy of @entity73 in @entity75 .

title: XXXX improves @entity5228 -induced @entity73 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['excitotoxic brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity5228 :: ('MESH:C012301', 'Chemical') :: ['domoic acid']

entities_list: @entity14521 :: ('CHEBI:36615', 'Chemical') :: ['triterpenoid']

entities_list: @entity21243 :: ('MESH:C005466', 'Chemical') :: ['Ursolic acid']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'mitochondrial abnormalities']

answer: @entity21243 :: (MESH:C005466,Chemical) :: ['Ursolic acid']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that @entity14685 (TQ) exerts protective effects in some models of pesticide-induced immunotoxicity. However, no data exist regarding its possible modulatory effect during @entity5051 (IC)-induced @entity137 . Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of TQ on IC-induced immunotoxicity. Sixty adult male albino @entity35 were divided into three groups of twenty animals each. The control group was given distilled water orally, while the IC-treated group was orally administered 0.01 LD(50 )(0.21 mg/kg body weight) of IC insecticide daily for 28 days. The animals in the third group (IC/TQ group) received the same IC dose as the IC-treated group for 28 days in addition to an intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection of TQ (1 mg/kg) once every 7 days. We found that IC induced significant increases (P < 0.05) in total leukocyte counts, total immunoglobulins (Igs) (especially IgGs), the hemagglutination of antibodies, @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT), @entity492 aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) compared to the control group. In contrast, significant decreases (P < 0.05) in phagocytic activity, chemokine expression and chemotaxis were observed in the IC-treated group, as were severe histopathological lesions in the liver, spleen and thymus. Notably, TQ supplementation ameliorated the biochemical, histopathological, and immunological changes induced by IC by increasing phagocytic activity, chemokinesis, chemotaxis, immunoglobulin levels, and the hemagglutination of antibodies, as well as by decreasing hepatic enzymes and serum @entity1865 levels. Taken together, our data reveal the benefits of TQ supplementation for ameliorating @entity137 by decreasing oxidative stress and enhancing immune efficiency.

title: XXXX ameliorates the immunological and histological changes induced by exposure to @entity5051 insecticide.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'IC toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14685 :: ('MESH:C003466', 'Chemical') :: ['thymoquinone']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity5051 :: ('MESH:C082359', 'Chemical') :: ['imidacloprid']

answer: @entity14685 :: (MESH:C003466,Chemical) :: ['Thymoquinone']


abstract: Environmental, nutritional or hormonal influences in early life may have long-term effects changing homeostatic processes and physiological parameters in adulthood. @entity4026 and @entity4027 , two of the main transcription factors regulating genes involved in pro-inflammatory and antioxidant responses respectively, can be modified by various stimuli. @entity4026 controls immediate early genes and is required for cardiomyocyte @entity1184 growth, while @entity4027 protects the heart from oxidative stress-induced @entity65 . The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of early life @entity315 treatment (1/50 of LD50, from 6th to 21st day of life) on the development of @entity1370 in 500-day-old @entity35 . @entity4027 and @entity4026 gene expression, @entity460 level and heart surface area were chosen as biomarkers of @entity137 . Six candidate reference genes were first examined and @entity32483 resulted the most stable one for RT-qPCR. The comparative expression analysis of the target genes showed 1.62-fold increase in @entity4027 mRNA level, while the @entity4026 mRNA in treated @entity35 was not significantly changed compared to control ones. A significant decrease in heart surface area was observed in treated @entity35 (296.59    8.09, mm(2)) with respect to the control group (320.86    4.93, mm(2)). Finally, the intracellular @entity460 influx in heart of early life treated @entity35 increased 4.33-fold compared to the control one. In conclusion, early life pesticide exposure to low doses of @entity315 insecticide, has long-term consequences leading to @entity299 , increased @entity460 and @entity4027 gene expression levels in old age.

title: Early life XXXX treatment leads to long-term @entity1370 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity315 :: ('MESH:D026023', 'Chemical') :: ['permethrin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypotrophy']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity315 :: (MESH:D026023,Chemical) :: ['permethrin']


abstract: The influence of various dietary marine oils and olive oil on @entity844 composition of serum and platelets and effects on platelets and serum lipids were investigated as part of an extensive study of the effects of these oils on parameters associated with @entity65 . Healthy volunteers (266) consumed 15 mL/d of cod liver oil (CLO); whale blubber oil (refined or unrefined); mixtures of seal blubber oil and CLO; or olive oil/CLO for 12 wk. In the CLO, seal oil/CLO, and whale oil groups, serum levels of @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) were increased. In platelets, @entity8393 was increased in the CLO, seal/CLO, and olive oil/CLO groups. The localization of n-3 @entity1474 in the @entity1674 did not seem to influence their absorption. Intake of @entity3952 is poorly reflected in serum and platelets. No significant differences in @entity1674 (TG), total @entity165 , or high density lipoprotein @entity165 were observed, even though TG were reduced in the CLO, CLO/seal oil, and whale oil groups. Mean platelet volume increased significantly in both whale oil groups and the CLO/olive oil group. Platelet count was significantly reduced in the refined whale oil group only. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated blood tended to generate less @entity7489 in CLO, CLO/seal, and CLO/olive groups. The whale oils tended to reduce in vivo release of @entity4938 . In conclusion, intake of various marine oils causes changes in platelet membranes that are favorably antithrombotic. The combination of CLO and olive oil may produce better effects than these oils given separately. The changes in platelet function are directly associated with alterations of @entity844 composition in platelet membranes.

title: Effects of dietary marine oils and olive oil on XXXX composition, platelet membrane fluidity, platelet responses, and serum lipids in healthy humans.

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4938 :: ('5473', 'Gene') :: ['beta-thromboglobulin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular/thrombotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: The present study analyzes the changes in plasma oxidative state with age and their influence on the contractions induced by @entity1063 (NA) in endothelium-denuded segments from the tail artery of 6- (young), 24- (old) and 30- (very old) month-old @entity35 . The sensitivity (-log EC50) to NA increased with age, this increase being higher in old than in very old animals. Moreover, the maximum response (Emax) to NA did not change in old @entity35 , whereas decreased in very old animals. We also found a progressive increase in the plasma oxidative state with age, measured as @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels, that was accompanied by a decrease in the plasma antioxidative state, measured as @entity2041 peroxidase activity. In addition, @entity1865 (0.5, 1 and 10 microM) potentiated the NA responses in 6-, 24- and 30-month-old @entity35 , respectively, without affecting Emax. In young animals, catalase (1000 U/ml) or @entity3733 (7 mM), scavengers of @entity273 or @entity3787 radicals, respectively, did not modify either the contractions induced by NA in control situation or the potentiation of these responses caused by @entity1865 . However, the @entity224 anion scavenger, @entity224 dismutase (SOD, 150 U/ml), completely reversed the increase in sensitivity to NA caused by @entity1865 , without affecting NA responses in control situation. These results suggest that the increase in NA sensitivity with age could be due, at least in part, to the enhancement of plasma oxidative state during aging. In addition, in this alteration of the responses to NA caused by @entity1865 , the generation of @entity224 anions appears to be involved. This study supports the hypothesis that the enhancement of plasma oxidative state could play an important role in the increase of vascular resistance with age.

title: Changes in plasma oxidative state with age and their influence on contractions elicited by @entity1063 in the XXXX tail artery.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is one of the most common @entity5 in Asia. Immunological mechanisms are thought to play an important role in the control of @entity5 progression. The immune responses in @entity157 @entity1 are poorly understood. In the present study, the proliferation and cytotoxic functions of lymphocytes from @entity5 tissues and peripheral blood of @entity157 @entity1 were analysed. Simultaneously, the microcultures were phenotyped in order to determine the involvement of different lymphocyte subsets in mediating the cytotoxic function. METHODS: The frequencies of proliferating and cytotoxic lymphocytes from three @entity5 tissues and peripheral blood from ten @entity157 @entity1 and nine healthy individuals were assessed by limiting dilution microculture analysis. These microcultures were phenotyped by single and dual color flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity2940 and HLA-DR markers. RESULTS: The precursor frequencies of both proliferating and cytotoxic lymphocytes were found to be comparable in the peripheral blood of @entity157 @entity1 and healthy individuals. Compared to peripheral blood, a marked reduction in the precursor frequencies of proliferating and cytotoxic lymphocytes was observed in the @entity5 tissues of @entity157 @entity1 . In the @entity5 tissues, a significantly higher frequency of cytotoxic T cells compared to natural killer cells was observed. Dual color flow cytometric analysis revealed increased percentages of @entity405 + HLA-DR+ lymphocytes compared to @entity404 + HLA-DR+ cells in the @entity5 tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that depressed immune responses at the @entity5 site might be responsible for the escape of @entity5 cells from the immune surveillance of the host.

title: Immunophenotypes and cytotoxic functions of lymphocytes in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A new preservation solution containing @entity968 ( @entity970 ) was studied. The length of the @entity970 chain determines its biological properties. The objective of this study was to define the optimal length of @entity970 chains to obtain the best tissue preservation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A @entity19 model of islet of Langerhans transplantation was used. Solutions containing 8 kDa, 20 kDa or 35 kDa @entity970 at a molar concentration of 1.5 mM were compared to HBSS. Primary non-function (PNF) and mean graft survival rates were studied in these 4 groups. RESULTS: Better preservation was obtained with 20 kDa @entity970 than with 8 kDa or 35 kDa (PNF rates of 0% vs 56% vs 37%, respectively). The difference with HBSS (22% PNF) was not significant. Graft survival was also longer with 20 kDa @entity970 than with 35 kDa @entity970 (23.1 +/- 4.4 days vs 8.6 +/- 7.6 days). Differences with HBSS (13.4 +/- 11.8 days) and 8 kDa @entity970 (12.2 +/- 14.7 days) were not significant. CONCLUSION: The best preservation was obtained with 20 kDa @entity970 at a molar concentration of 1.5 mM. Other @entity970 concentrations need to be studied.

title: [In vivo comparison of preservation of XXXX islets of Langerhans].

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneglycol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity64 is a rare but severe event after @entity1187 . Relations between both arterial territories are still discussed but prevalence of asymptomatic @entity543 potentially implicated in the mechanism of @entity64 is under-investigated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic @entity543 in that population and review the value of screening in a view to potential surgical correction or other preventive therapies. Systematic carotid Doppler ultrasound screening was implemented on 152 consecutive @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit due to @entity1187 . Fifty-two percent of @entity1 had at least one @entity543 determined using the NASCET method. Forty-three percent had at least one @entity543 <30%, 6% had mild (30-60%) @entity850 , and 2.6% had high-grade (>60%) @entity850 . Existence of @entity543 was associated with age, @entity6 , @entity101 , and with the extent of the @entity453 (left main @entity2791 ). In multivariate analysis, age and @entity6 were independently associated with existence of a @entity543 . When ultrasound screening was restricted to @entity1 identified by multivariate analysis, the prevalence of @entity543 potentially requiring surgical treatment rose to 4.6%. The frequency of asymptomatic @entity2998 was high in this population but lesions were mild. While the small number of high-grade lesions indicates that systematic screening is not to be recommended, screening of @entity1 aged >65 years or with @entity6 , or both, with a view to surgery may be envisaged, since the role of mild @entity850 in the occurrence of @entity64 remains debatable.

title: Reducing risk of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1187 : is screening for asymptomatic carotid disease useful?

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: High response rates to combination chemotherapy reported by the end of the seventies led many oncologists to recommend standard treatment for @entity356 . In randomized trials conducted by different groups, the response rate with @entity1487 (F), @entity632 (A), @entity1138 (M) ranged between 17 and 39% and was advocated for adjuvant treatment. However, further studies indicate that combination chemotherapy has no beneficial effect on survival compared with @entity1487 alone. Several studies assessing the FAM regimen versus control in the adjuvant setting show, so far, no difference between the treatment arms. Other agents and combinations have recently been investigated. @entity900 (P) is active in @entity356 . In six studies using a combination with @entity1941 ( @entity1941 ), the response rate ranged between 29 and 55% with a median survival of 4-12 months. Other combinations using P with F or @entity2879 and A have also been promising. Recently, the EORTC Gastrointestinal Group, using a combination of sequence of high dose @entity1499 and F with A (FAMTX) reported 22 positive responses out of 66 eligible @entity1 , including nine complete responders. These new treatments are currently being tested by different groups in a randomized trial. For the time being, apart from @entity1487 alone, chemotherapy in advanced @entity356 should not be administered on a routine basis outside clinical trials.

title: Current status of chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12751 is caused by deficiency of a-L-iduronidase. Currently available treatment options include an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and enzyme replacement therapy. Exogenous enzyme therapy appears promising but the benefits may be attenuated, at least in some @entity1 , by the development of an immune response to the delivered enzyme. The incidence and impact of alloimmune responses in these @entity1 remain unknown. DESIGN AND METHODS: We developed an immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as in vitro catalytic enzyme inhibition and cellular uptake inhibition assays and quantified enzyme inhibition by allo-antibodies. We determined the impact of these antibodies in eight @entity1 who received enzyme therapy before and during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition, 20 @entity1 who had previously received an allogeneic stem cell transplant were tested to evaluate this treatment as an immune tolerance induction mechanism. RESULTS: High titer immune responses were seen in 87.5% (7/8) @entity1 following exposure to a-L-iduronidase. These @entity1 exhibited catalytic enzyme inhibition (5/8), uptake inhibition of catalytically active enzyme (6/8) or both (4/8). High antibody titers generally preceded elevation of previously described biomarkers of disease progression. The median time to development of immune tolerance was 101 days (range, 26-137) after transplantation. All 20 @entity1 , including those with mixed chimerism (22%), tested 1 year after transplantation were tolerized despite normal enzyme levels. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high incidence of neutralizing antibodies in @entity1 with @entity12751 treated with enzyme replacement therapy. We also found that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was an effective and rapid immune tolerance induction strategy.

title: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation improves the high incidence of neutralizing allo-antibodies observed in XXXX after pharmacological enzyme replacement therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12751 :: ('MESH:D008059', 'Disease') :: ['Mucopolysaccharidosis type I', 'mucopolysaccharidosis type I']

answer: @entity12751 :: (MESH:D008059,Disease) :: ['Hurler's syndrome']


abstract: @entity2524 is a known risk factor of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). However, the association of @entity2524 with the molecular pathogenesis of @entity195 is still unknown. The hypothesis that the molecular pathogenesis of @entity195 is enhanced by molar @entity2524 was tested. Seventeen female @entity19 (J20) were divided into the experimental (EX, n=10) and control (C, n=7) groups. In the EX group, maxillary bilateral molar teeth were extracted at the age of 6 months. In the C group, however, these teeth remained intact. Passive avoidance test was performed to evaluate learning and memory abilities right after tooth extraction (6 months old) and 4 months later (10 months old). After the test at 10 months, amyloid beta (Ab) deposition and changes of neuronal cell number and area in the hippocampus were investigated using half of the brains. The other half was homogenized and used to determine Ab40 and Ab42 levels by ELISA. At the 10 months of age, learning and memory abilities were significantly impaired in the EX group compared to the C group (P<0.05). The neuronal cell number in the @entity4778 and @entity4779 regions was significantly lower in the EX group than in the C group (P<0.05). Total Ab, Ab40, and Ab42 levels showed no significant intergroup difference. Molar @entity2524 may cause neuronal cell loss in the hippocampus, leading to @entity2414 ; this process may be independent of the amyloid cascade.

title: @entity2524 induces XXXX and neuronal cell loss in APP @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['Tooth loss', 'tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory impairment']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Analytical morphomics focuses on extracting objective and quantifiable data from clinical computed tomography (CT) scans to measure @entity1 ' frailty. Studies are currently retrospective in nature; therefore, it would be beneficial to develop animal models for well-controlled, prospective studies. The aim of this study is to develop an in vivo microCT protocol for the longitudinal acquisition of whole-body images suitable for morphomic analyses of bone. METHODS: The authors performed phantom studies on 2 microCT systems (Inveon and @entity49480 ) to study tissue radiodensity and further characterize system performance for collecting animal data. The authors also describe their design of a phantom-immobilization device using phantoms and an ovariectomized (OVX) @entity19 . RESULTS: The authors discovered increased consistency along the z-axis for scans acquired on the Inveon compared with @entity49480 , and calibration by individual slice reduces variability. Objects in the field of view had more impact on measurement acquired using the @entity49480 compared with the Inveon. The authors also found that using the middle 80% of slices for data analysis further decreased variability, on both systems. Moreover, bone-mineral-density calibration using the QCT Pro Mini phantom improved bone-mineral-density estimates across energy spectra, which helped confirm our technique. Comparison of weekly body weights and terminal uterine mass between sham and OVX groups validated our model. DISCUSSION: The authors present a refined microCT protocol to collect reliable and objective data. This data will be used to establish a platform for research animal morphomics that can be used to test hypotheses developed from clinical @entity1 morphomics.

title: Early Development of the XXXX Morphome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To further define the origin of the "outer red line" (ORL) present in retinal optical coherence tomograms. DESIGN: Laboratory investigation. METHODS: Eleven @entity406 -fixed caps of seven @entity1 eyes previously enucleated for @entity320 at the Wilmer Eye Institute were studied. The ORL evaluation consisted of sequential, surgical elimination of the retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane (BM), and choroid in separate, but adjacent, areas. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images through each of these areas were correlated with corresponding histologic sections. The relative contribution of the retinal pigment epithelium, BM, and choroid to the ORL in retinal @entity4729 images was evaluated. RESULTS: In the specimens examined, the ORL correlated anatomically with a highly reflective optical surface at the level of the outer retina, and did not appear to represent a specific anatomic layer. The reflecting layers appeared to be composed of the retinal pigment epithelium, BM, and inner choroid. The relative contribution of BM together with the inner choroid to the ORL appeared greater than that of the retinal pigment epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the ORL present in retinal @entity4729 images and generally associated with the retinal pigment epithelium/BM/inner choroidal complex appears to indicate a highly reflective optical surface which, when eye layers are normally configured, represents this complex of anatomic structures with a predominant contribution from BM and inner choroid. The findings of this study suggest a potential role for OCT in the eye pathology laboratory.

title: Optical coherence tomography of enucleated XXXX eye specimens with histological correlation: origin of the outer "red line".

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity12931 (UQ), a.k.a. coenzyme Q, is a redox-active lipid that participates in several cellular processes, in particular mitochondrial electron transport. Primary @entity47210 is a rare but severely debilitating condition. Mclk1 (a.k.a. @entity51171 ) encodes a conserved mitochondrial enzyme that is necessary for UQ biosynthesis. We engineered conditional Mclk1 knockout models to study pathogenic effects of @entity47210 and to assess potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of @entity47210 . We found that Mclk1 knockout cells are viable in the total absence of UQ. The UQ biosynthetic precursor DMQ9 accumulates in these cells and can sustain mitochondrial respiration, albeit inefficiently. We demonstrated that efficient rescue of the @entity1576 in @entity47210 cells by UQ analogues is side chain length dependent, and that classical UQ analogues with alkyl side chains such as @entity4161 and decylUQ are inefficient in comparison with analogues with @entity12307 side chains. Furthermore, @entity4606 , which has an @entity12307 side chain, and has been proposed to be a mitochondrial electron carrier, had no efficacy on @entity47210 @entity19 cells. In our model with liver-specific loss of Mclk1, a large depletion of UQ in hepatocytes caused only a mild @entity1576 and no gross abnormalities. In conjunction with previous findings, this surprisingly small effect of UQ depletion indicates a nonlinear dependence of mitochondrial respiratory capacity on UQ content. With this model, we also showed that diet-derived UQ10 is able to functionally rescue the electron transport deficit due to severe @entity47210 in the liver, an organ capable of absorbing exogenous UQ.

title: Mitochondrial respiration without XXXX biosynthesis.

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['Ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity12307 :: ('CHEBI:24913', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenoid']

entities_list: @entity4161 :: ('MESH:C036619', 'Chemical') :: ['idebenone']

entities_list: @entity47210 :: ('MESH:C564403', 'Disease') :: ['UQ deficiencies', 'endogenous UQ deficiency', 'UQ-deficient', 'UQ deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of respiratory chain function', 'respiratory deficiency']

answer: @entity12931 :: (MESH:D014451,Chemical) :: ['ubiquinone']


abstract: AIMS/BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) often have @entity170 of the high-turnover type, suggesting that @entity172 could have a beneficial effect. However, the cholestatic potential of @entity172 could imply a risk of increased @entity1448 in a disease characterized by @entity1448 . The aim of the present study was to test whether @entity34 ( @entity34 ) could be used to increase @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity2835 @entity1 with @entity170 , without causing deterioration of the liver function. METHODS: Nine female @entity2835 @entity1 with @entity170 and one with @entity2331 were offered @entity34 for two years. The change in @entity79 was compared to the change in ten age-matched female @entity2835 @entity1 who had less severe or no @entity2331 and who did not receive @entity34 . Liver function tests were checked at six-month intervals. RESULTS: @entity34 @entity1 showed a statistically significant increase in lumbar spine @entity79 and total body @entity79 whereas control @entity1 showed a significant @entity79 . In contrast to the controls, @entity34 @entity1 also showed a decrease in truncal fat (-3.8%). Neither of the groups showed any statistically significant changes in the liver function tests. CONCLUSIONS: @entity34 is safe and effective in female @entity2835 @entity1 with @entity170 .

title: @entity172 -progestogen therapy for low @entity79 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'decrease in lumbar and total body BMD', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HRT', 'hormone replacement therapy']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: @entity2383 is a hallmark of beta-amyloid (Ab)-induced @entity2359 in @entity195 ( @entity195 ), and is considered an early event in @entity195 pathology. @entity11950 (DG), the salt form of Glycyrrhizin, is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, resistance to biologic oxidation and membranous protection. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of DG on Ab(1-42)-induced @entity137 and its potential mechanisms in primary cortical neurons were investigated. Exposure of neurons to 2   M Ab(1-42) resulted in significant @entity393 and cell apoptosis. Accumulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS), decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and activation of @entity7349 and @entity185 were also observed after Ab(1-42) exposure. All these effects induced by Ab(1-42) were markedly reversed by DG treatment. In addition, DG could alleviate lipid peroxidation and partially restore the mitochondrial function in Ab(1-42)-induced @entity195 @entity19 . DG also significantly increased the @entity7111 expression in vivo and in vitro, while knocking down @entity7111 partially blocked the protective effects, which indicated that @entity7111 contributed to the neuroprotective effects of DG. Furthermore, DG significantly decreased the escape latency and search distance and increased the target crossing times of Ab(1-42)-induced @entity195 @entity19 in the Morris water maze test. Therefore, these results demonstrated that DG could attenuate Ab(1-42)-induced @entity528 by preventing @entity2383 and oxidative stress and improved @entity73 in Ab(1-42)-induced @entity195 @entity19 , indicating that DG exerted potential beneficial effects on @entity195 .

title: @entity11950 upregulates XXXX and protects against Ab1-42-induced @entity2359 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity11950 :: ('MESH:D019695', 'Chemical') :: ['Diammonium glycyrrhizinate']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['viability loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'Mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity7111 :: (19017(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PGC-1a']