abstract: T cell-mediated @entity1596 is strongly associated with @entity14827 . Th17 cells are a novel T cell subset characterized by production of @entity636 . In this study, we used DO11.10 @entity19 to investigate the role of @entity636 in the pathogenesis of @entity1596 . @entity1961 (+) T cells in DO11.10 @entity19 are genetically engineered to react with @entity10328 (OVA). @entity636 expression was determined by real-time PCR and ELISPOT. @entity1596 was induced by intravitreal injection of OVA, and @entity32 was evaluated by intravital microscopy. OVA challenge significantly induced @entity636 production by DO11.10 splenocytes in vitro. Next, we examined whether OVA challenge could elicit local @entity32 and induce @entity636 in vivo. OVA elicited marked neutrophil-predominant inflammatory cell infiltration in the eyes. This leukocyte influx was mediated by @entity1961 (+) lymphocytes as evidenced by significant inhibition of the @entity32 by @entity1961 + depleting antibody. Compared to control @entity19 , OVA treatment induced @entity636 expression. Moreover, anti- @entity636 antibody markedly @entity32 . Finally, the neutralization of @entity636 attenuated ocular expression of @entity9701 and @entity14970 , two cytokines which are chemotactic for neutrophils. Our study suggests that @entity636 is implicated in the pathogenesis of this T cell-mediated model of @entity1596 in part through neutrophil chemotaxis as a downstream effect of @entity636 .

title: Interleukin-17 causes neutrophil mediated @entity32 in @entity10328 -induced XXXX in DO11.10 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'reduced OVA-mediated ocular inflammation', 'ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['many systemic inflammatory disorders']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy has not been widely accepted in the treatment of @entity43 . One of the main reasons is the lack of a convenient and safe way to deliver IP therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of delivering IP chemotherapy via direct puncture using a peripheral venous needle, as well as evaluating the associated risk factors and complications in the primary treatment of @entity2670 , and primary @entity3906 . METHODS: The clinical records of all @entity1 with @entity43 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from 01/1995 to 11/2006 were reviewed retrospectively to identify @entity1 who had received IP therapy via direct puncture after primary cytoreduction. RESULTS: We identified 194 @entity1 , and 121 (62.4%) of them successfully completed six or more cycles of IP chemotherapy, whereas 73 (37.6%) failed. Two (1%) @entity1 ceased IP therapy directly due to IP access related complications and 35 (18.1%) discontinued IP therapy for reasons unrelated to IP access. Old age might be a potential risk factor for @entity177 . The @entity177 rate in @entity1 over 60 years old was higher than that in @entity1 under or at 60 (57.1% versus 34.3%, P=0.021). Body mass index were not associated with @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: IP access via direct puncture using a peripheral venous needle could be an alternative and safe way to deliver IP chemotherapy in the primary treatment of @entity43 .

title: Intraperitoneal access via direct puncture is an alternative way to deliver intraperitoneal chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['stage II-IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3906 :: ('MESH:D010534', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['IP therapy failure']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian, fallopian tube']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancer']


abstract: This study describes changes observed during a 2-year period in @entity1 enrolled in The Solution Method, a developmental skills training program for adult weight management. This intervention is the adult application of a model of treatment previously used only in the management of @entity4806 (The Shapedown Program). Developmental skills training integrates understandings and methods from developmental, family systems, biomedical, genetic, and behavioral theories of the etiology of @entity28 . Twenty-two subjects (mean age = 43.4 +/- 8.5 years and mean body mass index = 33.1 +/- 5.3) completed a group intervention based on this method, which was conducted by a registered dietitian and a mental health professional. Questionnaire responses indicated the extent to which their weight was a medical and/ or psychosocial risk. Subjects attended 2-hour weekly sessions for an average of 18 weeks during which they were trained in six developmental skills: strong nurturing, effective limits, body pride, good health, balanced eating, and mastery living. Data, which were collected at the beginning of treatment and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, included weight, blood pressure, 7-day exercise recalls, and responses to @entity308 and functioning (psychosocial, vocational, and economic) questionnaires. @entity1 ' weights decreased throughout the 2-year period of the study: mean weight change was -4.2 kg (3 months), -6.0 kg (6 months), -7.0 kg (12 months), and -7.9 kg (24 months). In addition, compared with baseline values, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, exercise, and @entity308 improved throughout the study period. These improvements were statistically significant at 24 months for weight (P < .01), systolic blood pressure (P < .02), diastolic blood pressure (P < .001), and exercise (P < .001); the results were not statistically significant for @entity308 . Most @entity1 reported improvement in a broad range of aspects of functioning. We conclude that this application of developmental skills training for adult weight management may produce significant long-term beneficial effects.

title: The Solution Method: 2-year trends in weight, blood pressure, exercise, XXXX , and functioning of adults trained in development skills.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively test the hypothesis that end-fire transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy probes have greater @entity5 detection rates than side-fire probes. Retrospective studies have suggested that such probes might have greater @entity5 detection rates. METHODS: The present prospective randomized multicenter trial aimed to compare the @entity263 detection rates of the end-fire versus side-fire probe configuration during transrectal ultrasound-guided 12-core prostate biopsy. @entity1 were randomized according to age, @entity1486 level and prostate volume. An interim analysis was planned after the inclusion of 300 @entity1 . RESULTS: At the interim analysis after the inclusion of 297 @entity1 , no differences were found in the mean @entity1486 level (P = .412), mean age (P = .519), mean prostate volume (P = .730), and positive digital rectal examination findings (P = .295). The @entity263 detection rate did not differ between the end-fire and side-fire probe (34.3% vs 34.4%, P = .972). On multivariate analysis, suspicious digital rectal examination findings (relative risk 8.185, P < .001), @entity1486 level (relative risk 1.051, P = .041), and prostate volume (relative risk 0.973, P < .001), but not probe configuration (relative risk 0.942, P = .831), were independent predictive factors for the detection of @entity263 . The interim analysis committee suggested that, because no difference of 5 absolute percent was achieved after 300 @entity1 , no additional recruitment was necessary. Therefore, the study was terminated early. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study have shown that the transrectal ultrasound probe configuration does not affect the @entity263 detection rate during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.

title: Prospective randomized multicenter study comparing XXXX detection rates of end-fire and side-fire transrectal ultrasound probe configuration.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the retinal and choroidal side-effects of radiotherapy given for @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) and to describe the risk factors of these complications and their treatment. MATERIAL: and methods: Two hundred and ninety five eyes in 270 @entity1 with @entity1020 were treated using radiotherapy. Nineteen @entity1 had @entity6 . The doses were as follows: 15 Gy or less (4 eyes); 16 Gy/4 fractions (113 eyes); 18 Gy/5 fractions (35 eyes); 20 Gy/5 fractions (123 eyes); 24 Gy/6 fractions (2 eyes); 28.8 Gy/8 fractions (17 eyes); more than 28.8 Gy (1 eye). @entity1 had a regular follow-up visit with visual acuity, contrast sensitivity evaluation, biomicroscopic fundus examination, @entity941 and ICG angiographies every six months over a mean period of 15 months. RESULTS: @entity989 was noted in 15 eyes, a bilateral @entity2297 in one @entity1 , @entity1781 in 5 eyes, @entity2194 , @entity432 , @entity989 with major exudation (ORME) in 31 eyes, and @entity1410 in 8 eyes. @entity989 , @entity8721 and ORME were related to radiation dose. @entity989 was more severe and more frequent in @entity1 with @entity6 . @entity8721 were diagnosed with ICG angiography and were treated early with laser. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy for @entity1020 should not be done in @entity1 with @entity6 . Hypofractionation is not recommended. ICG angiography should be considered essential in the follow-up of @entity1 treated with radiotherapy.

title: [Radiotherapy for XXXX : risk factors of complications, prevention and treatment of side-effects].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal telangiectasiae in 19 eyes']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['Choroidal telangiectasiae', 'choroidal telangiectasiae']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal hematoma']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Radiation retinopathy', 'oedematous retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion in 2 eyes']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['ARMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: @entity5638 resistance in @entity5132 can be mediated by several resistance mechanisms. Among these, alterations of the @entity5638 target enzyme and the overexpression of multidrug efflux transporter genes are the most frequent. To identify additional putative @entity5638 resistance genes in @entity5132 , a genomic library from this organism was screened for complementation of @entity2380 hypersusceptibility in @entity375 YKKB-13 lacking the ABC ( @entity855 -binding cassette) transporter gene @entity41157 . Among the @entity5132 genes obtained, a new gene was isolated and named FLU1 ( @entity2380 resistance). The deduced @entity535 sequence of FLU1 showed similarity to CaMDR1 (formerly BEN(r)), a member of the major facilitator superfamily of multidrug efflux transporters. The expression of FLU1 in YKKB-13 mediated not only resistance to @entity2380 but also to @entity1880 among the different drugs tested. The disruption of FLU1 in @entity5132 had only a slight effect on @entity2380 susceptibility; however, it resulted in hypersusceptibility to @entity3442 , thus suggesting that this compound could be a substrate for the protein encoded by FLU1. Disruption of FLU1 in a background of @entity5132 mutants with deletions in several multidrug efflux transporter genes, including CDR1, CDR2 and CaMDR1, resulted in enhanced susceptibility to several @entity5638 derivatives. FLU1 expression did not vary significantly between several pairs of @entity5638 -susceptible and @entity5638 -resistant @entity5132 clinical isolates. Therefore, FLU1 seems not to be required for the development of @entity5638 resistance in clinical isolates.

title: A novel multidrug efflux transporter gene of the major facilitator superfamily from XXXX (FLU1) conferring resistance to @entity2380 .

entities_list: @entity3442 :: ('MESH:D009173', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolic acid']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity5638 :: ('CHEBI:68452', 'Chemical') :: ['azole', 'Azole']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The microsurgical pseudocapsule can be found in the transition zone between an @entity652 and the surrounding normal pituitary tissue. We investigated the precise histology of the pseudocapsule. Furthermore, we evaluated the remission rate, the changes in pituitary function, and the recurrence rate after intensive resection of the pseudocapsule. METHODS: In 616 @entity1 with @entity977 (Hardy Types I-III) over a period of 14 years, we introduced intensive resection of the microsurgical pseudocapsule to achieve @entity5 removal. A combined pituitary function test and radiological study were performed on the @entity1 before surgery, 1 year after surgery, and at subsequent 1.5-year intervals 2 to 13 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Microsurgical pseudocapsules were identified in 343 (55.7%) of 616 @entity1 , and the distinct microsurgical pseudocapsules were observed in 180 (52.5%) of these @entity1 . In the remaining 163 @entity1 , the microsurgical pseudocapsules were incompletely developed. @entity5 cluster infiltration was present in the pseudocapsule in 71 (43.6%) of these @entity1 . Aggressive resection of the microsurgical pseudocapsule was more often required in larger @entity5 than in smaller ones. The presence of a pseudocapsule was slightly more frequent in prolactin-secreting @entity5 (70.9%) than in growth hormone-secreting (55.0%) and adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting (40.0%) @entity5 . In the 243 @entity1 of the total resection group who underwent combined pituitary function tests more than 2 times after surgery, the surgical remission rate was 99.1% in clinically nonfunctional @entity5 , 88% in growth hormone-secreting, 70.6% in prolactin-secreting, and 100% in adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting @entity5 . The surgical remission rate was 86.2% in the presence of a pseudocapsule and 94.3% in the absence of a pseudocapsule. @entity4614 improved in 140 @entity1 (57.6%), persisted in 47 @entity1 (19.3%), and was aggravated in 33 @entity1 (13.6%). There was no statistical difference in improvement or deterioration of pituitary function according to the existence or absence of the pseudocapsule. The @entity5 recurrence rate was 0.8% in the total resection group and was 42.1% in the subtotal resection group. CONCLUSION: We have shown that @entity5 tissue is frequently present within the pseudocapsule, suggesting that any @entity5 remnant in the pseudocapsule could be a source of recurrence and an obstacle to achieving complete remission. These results indicate that intensive resection of the pseudocapsule could result in a higher remission rate without deteriorating pituitary function.

title: @entity5 tissue identification in the pseudocapsule of @entity977 : should the pseudocapsule be removed for total resection of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'complete tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) is the standard of care for @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 ( @entity463 ) as well as those with recurrent @entity11 ( @entity11 ) and @entity463 . It has become common practice to re-expose @entity1 to @entity2904 who had been previously treated with @entity2904 , or to switch @entity1 to alternative dosing regimens of @entity2904 when there are signs of relapse or progress on standard @entity2904 therapeutic regimens. To date, however, there is a scarcity of data on the efficacy of this therapeutic strategy, currently referred to as @entity2904 rechallenge. We have conducted a retrospective review of @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 rechallenged with @entity2904 . @entity1 experiencing @entity74 ( @entity74 ) during @entity2904 therapy who were rechallenged with alternative @entity2904 regimens and @entity1 rechallenged after stable disease in a @entity2904 -free interval were evaluated separately. A total of 90 rechallenges were identified in 80 @entity1 . The progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS-6) was 48% in @entity1 with @entity11 (12/25) and 27.7% in those with @entity463 (14/47). The PFS-6 was 16.7% in @entity11 and 26.3% in @entity463 for @entity1 switched during @entity2904 and 57.9 and 28.6% in @entity1 rechallenged after a @entity2904 -free interval of at least 8 weeks. Relevant hematological @entity137 (NCI-CTC grade 3-5) was observed in 22 of 90 rechallenges, and relevant non-hematological in ten of 90 rechallenges. @entity2903 was well tolerated and generated promising PFS-6 in @entity1 who had previously failed @entity2904 , regardless if they progressed during @entity2904 treatment, or if they were rechallenged after a @entity2904 -free interval. These results suggest that the @entity2904 rechallenge strategy warrants further investigation in a prospective randomized trial.

title: Rechallenge with @entity2903 in XXXX with recurrent @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['AG', 'anaplastic glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity64 is a health hazard that affects all age groups, however the impact of age on @entity1545 following @entity63 remains largely unexamined. We examined the extent to which age, from the newborn to mature adult, affects behavioral recovery following similar degrees of @entity63 @entity75 . We utilized a model that produces comparable volumes of @entity75 between the different ages. @entity1827 , a potent vasoconstrictor, was injected into the brain of 10, 63 and 180-day-old @entity35 , at the level of the right middle cerebral artery. On days 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 post-insult, behavioral tests including rota-rod, foot-fault, open-field, inclined screen, tape-removal test and postural reflex were performed. Control animals underwent sham surgery, but @entity63 was not induced. Neuropathology was assessed on day 63 post-insult. Volume of damage was determined for each brain as a percentage of the contralateral hemisphere (which remains undamaged). Our results indicated that the volume of damage for each age group was 22.97, 19.97, and 18.85% for 10, 63 and 180-day-old @entity35 , respectively, and were not significantly different from each other. Overall, @entity63 animals did significantly more poorly on behavioral testing than did controls. When broken down by age, the difference between ischemics and controls was only evident in the 63 and 180-day-old animals. The tape-removal test revealed main effects of age, group, and day (p<0.001). In addition, significant interactions were noted for day of testing by age (p<0.001), day of testing by group with ischemics performing more slowly than controls, and an age by group interaction which indicated that the 63 and 180-day-old @entity63 @entity35 did not recover completely during the testing period and remained significantly slower than their controls (p<0.001). In the foot-fault task, the 63 and 180-day-old @entity63 animals performed significantly more poorly on days 3, 7, and 14 of recovery, returning to control values by day 28. The 180-day olds performed more poorly on day 3 of recovery, but then returned to control values. For open-field testing, the results indicate an overall difference between ischemics and controls, with the 63 and 180-day-old animals improving with time though they did not achieve control values. In conclusion our data suggest functional performance is poorly and inconsistently correlated with the extent of morphologic injury across all age groups. The immature @entity35 clearly recovers more completely and more rapidly than do older, more mature @entity35 . The findings may imply a greater degree of brain plasticity in the @entity1 @entity35 compared to the adult, and have important implications related to the underlying mechanisms of recovery and the association between @entity75 and functional improvement.

title: The influence of aging on recovery following @entity63 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain damage']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of one-stage surgical treatment for @entity3083 by internal fixation, debridement, and combined interbody and posterior fusion via a posterior-only approach. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 (eight males, six females) with @entity378 whose lesions were confined to two adjacent segments were admitted to our hospital. Their ages ranged from 23 to 72 years (average, 50 years). The American @entity3510 Association (ASIA) impairment scale was used to assess neurological function. ASIA classification showed that preoperatively, one @entity1 was grade A, two @entity1 were grade B, eight @entity1 were grade C, and three @entity1 were grade D. All @entity1 were treated with one-stage surgical treatment by internal fixation, debridement, and combined interbody and posterior fusion via a posterior-only approach. @entity1 were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by measurement of thoracic kyphotic angles using Cobb angle evaluation, determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), evaluation of @entity66 scale, and radiological examination. RESULTS: Operation time ranged from 70 to 135 min, (average, 110 min). Intraoperative @entity190 ranged from 200 to 950 mL (average, 450 mL). All @entity1 were followed up for 22 to 48 months postoperatively (average, 31.5 months). No sinus tract formation, @entity693 , or recurrence of @entity378 occurred. All @entity1 had significant postoperative improvement in ASIA classification scores. The thoracic kyphotic angles were significantly decreased to 12  -26   postoperatively, and at final follow-up were 13  -28  . The ESR recovered to normal within 6 months postoperatively in all @entity1 . Bone fusion was achieved within 3-8 months (average, 5.5 months). CONCLUSIONS: One-stage surgical treatment for @entity3083 by internal fixation, debridement, and combined interbody and posterior fusion via a posterior-only approach can be an effective and feasible treatment method.

title: One-stage surgical treatment for XXXX by internal fixation, debridement, and combined interbody and posterior fusion via posterior-only approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ASIA impairment']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['upper thoracic spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['upper thoracic tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3083 :: (MESH:D014399,Disease) :: ['upper thoracic spinal tuberculosis']


abstract: The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Fagerstr  m Test for @entity1239 @entity734 ( @entity17378 ) among @entity286 smokers who use khat (Catha edulis), a widely used substance in East Africa and Arabian Peninsula. We also explored gender differences in response to @entity17378 items because little attention has been paid to @entity1 's smoking behavior in Middle Eastern societies. A total of 103 (38 @entity1 ) concurrent users (mean age +/- SD: 24.4 +/- 5.2) were recruited from two universities in Yemen. An Arabic version of @entity17378 was developed using back-translation method. Chronbach's alpha was used to examine the reliability and principal component analysis was conducted to test the factor structure of the scale. The scale was found to have low internal consistency reliability (Chronbach's alpha = .58). Two factors were identified, accounting for 57% of the total variance. A series of chi-square analyses found that @entity1 indicated more symptoms associated with @entity1239 @entity734 than @entity1 (ps < .05). Although the poor reliability observed in the present sample argues for a cautious approach when assessing @entity1239 @entity734 among khat users, the findings on factor structure and gender differences may provide support for the validity of the scale. Taking into account sociocultural factors associated with patterns of smoking behavior among this population should improve the psychometric properties of @entity17378 .

title: An examination of the Fagerstr  m Test for @entity1239 XXXX among concurrent @entity286 and khat users.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'Dependence']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['Dependence']


abstract: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) plays an important role in the progression of @entity409 including @entity130 and @entity4988 . Long-term oral supplementation with branched-chain @entity1522 (BCAAs) can inhibit @entity409 but their role in the prevention of liver @entity82 and @entity99 is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess how BCAAs preserve liver function from @entity66 . To investigate how BCAAs specifically prevent @entity66 , we evaluated the effect of oral supplementation with BCAAs on @entity66 using a @entity35 liver @entity82 model. @entity1575 was induced in ten male @entity35 by administering @entity4314 for 12 weeks. Five of the ten @entity4314 -treated @entity35 were assigned to a control group and five to a @entity2595 group. @entity2595 -supplementation significantly preserved plasma albumin concentrations and significantly inhibited the occurrence of @entity130 as determined by blood chemistry analysis. Hepatic expression of @entity46204 mRNA was increased in the @entity2595 group compared to the control group. In the @entity2595 group, increased hepatic levels of @entity46204 protein were found by western blot. On the other hand, the number of @entity7599 -positive cells was significantly higher in liver sections taken 1 month after @entity4314 treatment. Furthermore, @entity46204 -positive cells were significantly increased in the hepatocytes around the central vein. @entity2595 was found to reduce @entity66 , which could possibly lead to a decrease in the occurrence of @entity4988 and @entity130 . Our results indicate that @entity2595 -enriched nutrients stimulate antioxidant DNA repair in a @entity35 model of @entity99 induced by @entity4314 .

title: Branched-chain amino acid-enriched nutrients stimulate antioxidant DNA repair in a @entity35 model of XXXX induced by @entity4314 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['Liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'injury to the liver']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the in vivo confocal microscopic (IVCM) morphology of subbasal corneal nerves and corneal sensitivity in @entity1 with @entity2194 . METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers (control group), 12 @entity1 with @entity936 ( @entity936 group), and 14 @entity1 treated with IOP-lowering topical medications ( @entity726 group) were included. Central corneal sensation was measured using the contact Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. IVCM of the cornea was performed and the following subbasal corneal nerves parameters were analyzed: density, number, width, number of beadings, number of branching, tortuosity, and reflectivity. One eye of each subject was included in the study. RESULTS: Corneal sensitivity was significantly decreased in @entity936 and @entity726 @entity1 compared with controls. The density and @entity2687 were also significantly decreased in @entity936 and @entity726 @entity1 compared with controls. There was no difference in terms of subbasal nerve width, number of beadings, tortuosity, reflectivity, and number of branching between the @entity936 , the @entity726 , and the control groups. In all subjects, corneal sensitivity correlated positively with the density and number of subbasal nerves; however, in the @entity936 group, corneal sensitivity correlated with the density and the number of nerves, whereas in the @entity726 group, corneal sensitivity correlated only with the tortuosity of subbasal nerves. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between corneal sensation and subbasal nerve morphology, as evaluated with IVCM, depends on the pathophysiological mechanism of @entity2194 .

title: The relationship between subbasal nerve morphology and corneal sensation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular surface disease']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['number of subbasal corneal nerves']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry-eye', 'dry eye']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular surface disease']


abstract: 16- and 4-week-old intact and adrenalectomized @entity35 have been treated with different doses of the three glucocorticoids @entity701 , @entity617 and @entity619 by gavage. The delayed feedback effect on plasma ACTH and @entity2819 response to an ether stress have been assessed. Almost complete suppression of @entity2819 response 20 min after an ether stress and an ACTH suppression to 20% of control values 5 min after an ether stress were observed with 25 micrograms of @entity619 , 10 mg of @entity617 and 20 mg of @entity701 . Although the percent inhibition of @entity2819 and ACTH response to stress was comparable, a striking dissociation of the ACTH and @entity2819 release was observed in terms of absolute concentrations. A mean ACTH concentration of 462 ng/l after 25 micrograms of @entity619 was measured together with a barely measurable @entity2819 concentration of 3 micrograms%. Similarly, after 10 mg of @entity617 , the mean ACTH concentration was 404 ng/l, whilst the mean @entity2819 concentration was 3 micrograms%. This dissociation demonstrates that the @entity2819 concentration on its own does not necessarily reflect the ACTH release. At 4 weeks of age, the ACTH response to stress is more difficult to suppress than in adult animals. This is more obvious after adrenalectomy, where the excessive ACTH secretion was less inhibited by all glucocorticoids used. The time between the last @entity134 gavage and stress must be considered. In 4-week-old animals the ACTH response 16 h after 12.5 micrograms of @entity619 was inhibited by 22%, whereas 4 h after the same @entity619 dose the inhibition was 85%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inhibition of the ACTH adrenal response to stress by treatment with @entity701 , XXXX and @entity619 in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: Anti- @entity143 @entity198 is a severe @entity792 , first described in 2007. Since then a number of cases have been published, suggesting that to date the disease is a considerably underdiagnosed entity. The clinical picture develops over a relatively long period of time and is initially characterised by @entity146 symptoms such as decreased levels of consciousness and @entity1833 as well as paranoid behaviour. In the course of the @entity16 occur, in particular, @entity410 , @entity5433 and @entity910 . Due to the young age of many @entity1 , the symptoms are often mistaken as to result from drug-induced @entity716 . Anti- @entity143 receptor @entity198 was first described in young @entity1 with @entity44 . In the past few years the disorder has also been reported in @entity1 and @entity1 and without any detectable @entity5 . The diagnosis is based on the characteristic clinical picture and supportive findings in MRI, EEG and the cerebrospinal fluid. Hereby, highly specific autoantibodies directed against the @entity6806 subunit of the @entity143 -type @entity2227 receptors in the CSF (or serum) play an important role and should be sought specifically in any case of an " @entity198 of unknown cause". The prognosis of the disease is favourable, even when autonomic disorders entail ventilation and/or prolonged intensive care treatment is necessary. Nonetheless, the clinical outcome is highly dependent on an early diagnosis and immunotherapy without delay. In the case of a @entity5 , @entity5 removal is also crucial. Taken together, an interdisciplinary approach including neurologists, psychiatrists, oncologists and gynaecologists is essential in order to detect and effectively treat this disorder.

title: [Anti- @entity143 XXXX : a neurological and @entity146 emergency].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['receptor encephalitis', 'encephalitis', 'Encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumour', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['disease neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['receptor encephalitis']


abstract: A six-laboratory study developed a standardized method for determining the susceptibilities of @entity6368 strains to @entity114 , @entity803 , @entity6760 , and @entity2756 . Three quality control organisms were also selected, and quality assurance guidelines were initially generated for the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. The medium recommended for gonococcal susceptibility testing was GC agar with a defined "XV-like" supplement. The supplement should be free of @entity462 , a component implicated in the inactivation of some newer @entity3405 compounds. @entity114 , @entity803 , @entity6760 , and @entity2756 were stable in agar plates stored at 3 to 5 degrees C for at least 2 weeks. Numerous GC agar and drug disk lots were used during the trials without significant variation in test results. Several other @entity2954 were recommended for additional medium quality assurance. The disk quality control zone limits were established for @entity6368 ATCC 49226 (formerly CDC F-18) and @entity794 ATCC 25923. @entity4085 quality control ranges were also developed for @entity6368 ATCC 49226 and @entity794 ATCC 29213. The interpretive criteria for @entity114 were as follows: susceptibility, greater than or equal to 47 mm (diameter of inhibition zone) (less than or equal to 0.06 @entity4085 [ @entity4085 ]); resistance, less than or equal to 26 mm (greater than or equal to 2 @entity4085 ). For @entity803 they were as follows: susceptibility, greater than or equal to 38 mm (less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml); resistance, less than or equal to 30 mm (greater than or equal to 2 @entity4085 ). For @entity6760 they were as follows: susceptibility, >/= 18 mm (</= 32 @entity4085 ); resistance, </= 14 mm (>/= 128 @entity4085 ). For @entity2756 susceptibility, the criterion was >/= 35 mm (</= 0.25 @entity4085 ) with no other category. Criteria of </= 19 mm for plasmid-mediated resistances to @entity114 and @entity803 were also confirmed. The false-susceptibility errors were </= 1% with these criteria.

title: Standardization of disk diffusion and agar dilution susceptibility tests for XXXX : interpretive criteria and quality control guidelines for @entity2756 , @entity114 , @entity6760 , and @entity803 .

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal strains']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin', 'Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['micrograms/ml', 'MIC']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity6760 :: ('MESH:D000198', 'Chemical') :: ['spectinomycin']

answer: @entity6368 :: (485,Species) :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']


abstract: Over a period of 34 months from 1987 to 1990 we inserted ventricular catheter reservoirs (VCR) into 20 premature low-birth-weight @entity1 who had developed progressive, symptomatic posthemorrhagic @entity1276 following grade III or IV intraventricular @entity548 . The mean estimated gestational age was 27.7 +/- 5.3 weeks and mean birth weight was 1,041 +/- 699 g. The ventricular catheter reservoirs were placed on day of life 30.7 +/- 29.7 and tapped for a total of 3-34 days at varying frequencies and for varying volumes. Of the 20 @entity1 , 4 died on days of life 25, 76, 88, and 187. There were two reservoir infections, both occurring in @entity1 who eventually died. The 16 survivors have been followed from 2 to 24 months (adjusted age). Four (25%) remain shunt-free and 3 have undergone VCR removal. There have been two shunt infections in the 12 shunted @entity1 ; ten shunt revisions have been performed overall. At the time of last follow-up, 14 @entity1 were old enough to undergo neurodevelopmental evaluation. Five @entity1 (36%) were 'normal' on gross neurological screening examination, 5 (36%) had 'mild @entity245 ' and 4 (28%) had 'significant @entity245 '. We feel these data support the continued use of ventricular catheter reservoirs in the management of posthemorrhagic @entity1276 and offer hope that some of these @entity1 might remain shunt-free and most will have a normal or mildly delayed neurodevelopmental outcome.

title: Management of posthemorrhagic XXXX in the low-birth-weight preterm neonate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: We report three @entity1 with @entity699 presenting with symptoms and signs of @entity699 . In two of the @entity1 , initial symptoms of @entity699 were associated with spontaneous amelioration of previously known @entity483 and @entity1569 , respectively. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES: Diagnosis was established by demonstrating both lack of responsiveness to @entity619 (1mg) suppression test and increased 24-hour urine @entity701 secretion. One @entity1 had a low serum ACTH level indicating @entity699 of adrenal origin. In the other two @entity1 @entity699 proved to be ACTH-dependent, the source being the pituitary, as demonstrated by @entity6192 stimulation test (elevation of ACTH and @entity701 by 35 % and 20 %, respectively) and sampling of the petrosus sinus. In both @entity1 imaging confirmed the presence of a @entity977 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: All three @entity1 underwent successful surgery: the first @entity1 had an adrenalectomy, the other two transseptal transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. As symptoms and signs of @entity699 improved, the previously quiescent signs of @entity483 and @entity1569 recurred and one @entity1 developed @entity2743 . CONCLUSIONS: Following successful treatment of endogenous @entity699 , symptoms of unrelated immunologically mediated conditions, especially @entity1669 , may occasionally appear. Furthermore, the clinical course of coexisting immunologically mediated diseases may help to diagnose @entity699 and to monitor the @entity1 after surgical treatment.

title: [Endogenous XXXX and immunologically-mediated disease: three cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['hypercortisolism']


abstract: The objective of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of three treatment protocols for the prevention of travelers' @entity294 : once-daily @entity2177 versus @entity206 / @entity207 ( @entity1597 / @entity6842 ) once daily versus placebo for the prevention of travelers' @entity294 . The study population was comprised of @entity1 in 2-week medical-missions projects based in Latin America and the Caribbean. The diverse age group and varied study sites closely resembles the population of travelers who seek pretravel advice from physicians. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison was designed. Subjects who developed @entity294 , defined as three stools in 8 hours plus one or more signs of an @entity281 , were considered prophylaxis failures. Stool specimens were collected and examined for the presence of enteric pathogens. DNA probes were used to determine the presence of diarrheagenic @entity526 . Bacterial colony blots were used. Adverse events were recorded by @entity1 in a diary. Three hundred and forty-four subjects were entered in the study, of which two hundred and seventy-eight subjects met the criteria for the efficacy and safety review. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive @entity2177 (500 mg), @entity1597 / @entity6842 (160/800 mg), or placebo. Five of the 99 (5%) subjects taking @entity2177 , 14 of the 87 (16%) taking @entity1597 / @entity6842 , and 30 of the 92 (33%) taking placebo experienced @entity294 . Bacterial pathogens were identified more commonly in the @entity1597 / @entity6842 and placebo groups than in the @entity2177 -treated group. The incidence of adverse reactions was 9.0%, 14.8%, and 7.5% for @entity2177 , @entity1597 / @entity6842 , and placebo subjects, respectively (p =.287). @entity2177 500 mg once daily provides safe and effective prophylaxis for travelers' @entity294 and is superior to @entity1597 / @entity6842 (160/800 mg).

title: Prevention of Travelers' @entity294 : @entity2177 versus XXXX / @entity207 in Adult Volunteers Working in Latin America and the Caribbean.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['enteric infection']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity206 :: (MESH:D014295,Chemical) :: ['Trimethoprim']


abstract: @entity998 (CO) and pulse pressure (PP) allowing @entity1 with low output @entity712 to be supported for a period of time. Augmentation of CO and PP may also be beneficial to the @entity1 with @entity697 . In this paper we investigated the possibility of using IABC to increase local cerebral blood flow (CBF) in ischaemic brain. In 12 anaesthetized mongrel @entity235 , a @entity235 @entity64 model was produced by occluding the left internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries with @entity439 clips. Six @entity235 were then treated with IABC for 2 h, and 6 other @entity235 acted as controls (no IABC). Haemodynamic data were measured continuously and CBF (microsphere technique) and CO measurements were performed pre- and post-occlusion, and then twice during the treatment period. In the IABC-treated animals, PP increased from 32 +/- 5.9 to 39 +/- 7.8 mmHg (p less than 0.01) but CO and local CBF in the ischaemic brain did not change significantly during IABC. However, in 4 @entity235 with significant increases in CO due to IABC [1.7 +/- 0.3 to 2.8 +/- 0.7 l/min (p less than 0.05)], local CBF in ischaemic brain also increased significantly from 22 +/- 12 to 26 +/- 11 cc/100 g/min (p less than 0.05). In the control animals, CO and local CBF did not change significantly during the observation period. These data suggest that augmentation of CO and PP by IABC results in an increase in local CBF in ischaemic brain. IABC may be an effective treatment for @entity64 in those @entity1 with compromised cardiac performance whose cardiac output and pulse pressure can be augmented by IABC.

title: Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation: a treatment for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) augments cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: @entity4444 is a powerful H2 receptor antagonist that eliminates @entity112 's effects on chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and @entity224 anion production by phagocytes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical and histopathological changes associated with experimental @entity2521 in @entity95 in response to topically applied @entity4444 . Experimental @entity2521 was induced in 21 New Zealand White @entity95 using @entity2523 (10(9) CFU) topically applied three times a week for a 6-week period to previously ligatured teeth. Topical application of @entity4444 in a liposome carrier for the prevention of @entity2521 was evaluated in four groups of four animals each: 1, 10, and 100 mg/ml and no treatment (positive control). In addition, there was a vehicle group (n = 3) that received liposome preparation (carrier) only, and two animals with ligature application alone served as negative controls. @entity2520 was quantified by direct visualization and radiographical evaluation of @entity604 on defleshed skulls and by histological analyses of sections stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 and @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase. In the no-treatment (positive control) and liposome (vehicle) groups, direct visualization and radiological measurements revealed statistically significant @entity604 compared to the negative control. Application of @entity4444 at all concentrations tested inhibited @entity32 and @entity604 by >90%. Histological findings revealed that ligated sites of the positive control and vehicle groups showed significant reduction in bone level (P < 0.05) compared to the three @entity4444 groups, with a marked @entity32 . The findings of this study provide morphological and histological evidence that topically active @entity4444 is a potent inhibitor of @entity2523 -elicited periodontal @entity32 , arresting and/or preventing tissue destruction and influencing cell populations present in the inflammatory cell infiltrate.

title: Topical H2 antagonist prevents XXXX in a @entity95 model.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine', 'Cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'decrease in inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['Periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 represent 1% of @entity135 , with only 5% of these occurring in @entity1 younger than 20 years. @entity3975 ( @entity3975 ) is one of the most frequent @entity5 among adults and @entity1 . METHODS: This survey was conducted among 34 French pediatric oncology departments. From 1980 to 2000, 18 cases were reported. RESULTS: Treatment included surgery or radiotherapy, or both. The 5-year survival rate was 93.7%. Eleven @entity1 had been previously treated by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy for a first @entity5 , specifically, @entity706 (n = 4), @entity706 (n = 3), @entity1313 (n = 2), @entity242 (n = 1), and @entity995 (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3975 is very rare in the pediatric age group. Treatment involves surgical @entity5 plus radiotherapy, according to histologic staging. @entity3975 has a good prognosis in young @entity1 . The survival rate does not differ in the subgroup of @entity1 with @entity3975 as a secondary @entity5 .

title: XXXX of salivary glands in the pediatric age group: 18 clinical cases, including 11 second @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['Mucoepidermoid carcinoma', 'MEC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Salivary gland tumors', 'tumor', 'removal of the tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'salivary gland cancers']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity3975 :: (MESH:D018277,Disease) :: ['Mucoepidermoid carcinoma']


abstract: Histological examination and pancreatography were performed on 31 totally pancreatectomized cases of @entity1124 , which was divided into four types according to its growth pattern in the pancreas. Pancreatograms of the resected specimens were also classified according to histological findings. @entity3123 of @entity196 (20 cases) was diffusely infiltrating @entity189 with @entity5223 which was particularly present between the lobules. The pancreatogram of this type showed constriction of the main pancreatic duct accompanied by dilatation of the distal pancreatic duct. @entity189 (6 cases) was diffusely developing in or around the dilated main pancreatic duct or its branches. The pancreatogram of @entity1605 demonstrated the irregularly dilated main pancreatic duct with absence of its branches. Type III (4 cases) was the @entity189 with medullary structure. The pancreatogram showed replacement and dilatation of pancreatic ducts without marked stenosis of the main pancreatic duct. Type IV (1 case) was @entity3821 which showed @entity154 in remarkably dilated pancreatic ducts. The results suggested that a total pancreatectomy should be applied mainly for pancreatic @entity189 of @entity1605 .

title: [Clinicopathological studies on XXXX in totally pancreatectomized cases--with special reference to its intrapancreatic development and the pancreatogram].

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['polypoid shadow defects']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal protruding carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma of Type II', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'localized carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5223 :: ('MESH:D002293', 'Disease') :: ['scirrhous stroma']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: A novel, quick, simple and highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed and validated for the determination of @entity12350 (SG) in its pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method is based on investigation of the fluorescence spectral behavior of @entity12350 in an @entity214 micellar system. In an aqueous solution of @entity1391 buffer pH 4.0, the fluorescence intensity of SG in the presence of @entity214 was greatly enhanced, by 200%, i.e. twofold enhancement. The fluorescence intensity of SG was measured at 300 nm after excitation at 270 nm. The method showed good linearity in the range 0.03-10.0   g/mL with a good correlation coefficient (r = 0.9998). The limits of detection and quantitation values were 5.31 and 16.1 ng/mL, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of SG in its single and co-formulated commercial tablets; the results were in good agreement with those obtained using a reference method. Application of the proposed method was extended to stability studies of SG after exposure to different forced degradation conditions according to the ICH guidelines, such as acidic, alkaline, thermal, photo- and oxidative stress. The chemical structure of certain potential degradation products (DPs) were investigated using LC-MS.

title: Micelle-enhanced spectrofluorimetric method for determination of XXXX and identification of potential alkaline degradation products using LC-MS.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity12350 :: ('MESH:C496398', 'Chemical') :: ['sitagliptin']

answer: @entity12350 :: (MESH:C496398,Chemical) :: ['sitagliptin']


abstract: Ehrlichia chaffeensis, an obligatory intracellular bacterium of monocytes or macrophages, is the etiologic agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Our previous study showed that @entity379 ) added prior to or at early stage of @entity281 inhibited @entity281 of @entity1 monocytes with @entity1116 ; however, after 24 h of @entity281 , IFN-gamma had no antiehrlichial effect. To test whether ehrlichial @entity281 disrupts Janus kinase (Jak) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) signaling induced by IFN-gamma, @entity669 phosphorylation of Stat1, Jak1, and Jak2 in @entity1116 -infected THP-1 cells was examined by immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblot analysis. Viable @entity1116 organisms blocked @entity669 phosphorylation of Stat1, Jak1, and Jak2 in response to IFN-gamma within 30 min of @entity281 . Similar results were obtained with @entity1 peripheral blood monocytes infected with @entity1116 . Heat or proteinase K treatment but not periodate treatment of @entity1116 abrogated the inhibitory effect, suggesting that protein factor(s) of @entity1116 is responsible for the inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced @entity669 phosphorylation. Preincubation of @entity1116 with the Fab fragment of dog anti-E. chaffeensis immunoglobulin G also abrogated the inhibitory effect. On the other hand, @entity3764 , which does not block binding but blocks internalization of ehrlichiae into macrophages, did not have any influence on the @entity669 phosphorylation. These results indicate that ehrlichial binding to host cells is sufficient to inhibit Stat1 @entity669 phosphorylation induced by IFN-gamma. Protein kinase A (PKA) activity in THP-1 cells increased approximately 25-fold within 30 min of @entity281 with @entity1116 . In THP-1 cells pretreated with a PKA inhibitor, Rp isomer of @entity10995 , @entity1116 -induced inhibition of Stat1 @entity669 phosphorylation was partially abrogated. These results suggest that @entity1116 blocks IFN-gamma-induced @entity669 phosphorylation of Jak and Stat through raising PKA activity in THP-1 cells, which may be an important survival mechanism of ehrlichiae within the host cell.

title: Protein kinase A-mediated inhibition of gamma interferon-induced @entity669 phosphorylation of Janus kinases and latent cytoplasmic transcription factors in XXXX monocytes by Ehrlichia chaffeensis.

entities_list: @entity3764 :: ('MESH:C008542', 'Chemical') :: ['monodansylcadaverine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity10995 :: ('MESH:C016957', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate"]

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['gamma interferon (IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1116 :: ('945', 'Species') :: ['E. chaffeensis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a belief that the amount of @entity158 perceived is merely directly proportional to the extent of injury. The intensity of @entity282 is however influenced by multiple factors aside from the extent of @entity130 . The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between preoperative factors that have been shown to predict @entity282 and the self-reports of @entity158 intensity in a population of 155 @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), and also to investigate if previous @entity158 score could predict the subsequent @entity158 score. METHODS: The correlation between potential @entity158 predictors and the @entity282 experiences during three postoperative days was tested (Pitmans' test). By use of a logistic regression analysis the probability that a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score at one occasion would exceed 30 mm or 70 mm was studied, depending on previous VAS score, age, @entity308 and @entity158 treatment method. RESULTS: Age was found to be a predictor of VAS > 30 mm, with younger @entity1 at higher risk for @entity158 predicted VAS > 70 mm. The probability that VAS would exceed 30 mm and 70 mm was predicted only by previous VAS value. Day two however, @entity1 with epidural analgesia were at higher risk for experiencing @entity158 than @entity1 with intrathecal or systemic opioid analgesia. CONCLUSION: The results show that it would be meaningful to identify RP @entity1 at high risk for severe @entity282 ; i.e. younger and/or @entity308 @entity1 who might benefit from a more aggressive therapy instituted in the very early postoperative period.

title: Prediction of XXXX after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, and preoperative depression', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: 1. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between ambient temperature (Ta) and the effects of @entity14149 on the thermoregulatory system of the @entity19 . 2. Male @entity19 of the BALB/c strain were injected with @entity14149 at dosages of 0, 0.1, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally and placed in an environmental chamber set at a Ta of either 10, 20, 30 or 35 degrees C for 60 min. Colonic temperature was then measured after one hour of exposure at a given Ta. 3. The thermoregulatory effects of @entity14149 were highly dependent on Ta. @entity14149 had no effect on body temperature at Ta's of 30 and 35 degrees C. 4. 10 mg/kg dosage of @entity14149 caused a significant reduction in colonic temperature at a Ta of 20 degrees C. At a Ta of 10 degrees C the 5 and 10 mg/kg dosages of @entity14149 caused a significant lowering of body temperature. 5. Using segmented linear regression techniques it was shown that the threshold dose of @entity14149 for causing @entity2332 was 9.6 and 3.3 mg/kg at Ta's of 20 and 10 degrees C, respectively. 6. This study has shown that two stressors, low Ta and @entity14149 intoxication, when applied independently have no effect on body temperature; however, when applied simultaneously, they have a significant toxic effect on thermoregulation.

title: Temperature regulation following nickel intoxication in the XXXX : effect of ambient temperature.

entities_list: @entity14149 :: ('MESH:C022838', 'Chemical') :: ['Nickel chloride', 'nickel chloride']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL DATA: The case of a 22-year-old @entity1 is presented. The @entity1 complained of a severe @entity1109 , immediately after being back at home from vacation in Greece. The eye showed redness and hyperaemia. The @entity267 was slightly clouded. On the tarsal plate white larvae of an approximate length of 1.5 mm and width of 0.5 mm were moving. The visual acuity was 1,0 and the inner parts of the eye were clinically inconspicuous. TREATMENT AND FOLLOW UP: The parasites were removed and preserved. After instillation of Betaisodona into the conjunctival sac antibiotics ( @entity7914 ) were prescribed. After 2 days the clinical signs had disappeared nearly completely. An ENT-examination showed regular findings. The larva was identified as a first-instar larva of Oestrus ovis. This insect causes external ophthalmomyiasis. The larva develops into an adult @entity238 . @entity742 is well known as a parasite in the nasal cavities of @entity742 and @entity1237 . CONCLUSION: The infestation of a @entity1 eye with maggots of a @entity238 is a rare disease. The parasites are very mobile and clinical signs are variable. A penetration into the eye is possible. Since @entity1 have been travelling more often the infection with parasites has a greater probability, although these insects are living in central Europe and in Germany.

title: [External ophthalmic myiasis cause by Oestrus ovis ( XXXX and @entity1237 botfly)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity742 :: ('9940', 'Species') :: ['O. ovis', 'domestic sheep']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['foreign-body sensation']

entities_list: @entity7914 :: ('MESH:D002751', 'Chemical') :: ['Aureomycin']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Circulating pre-OCs may be recruited to locally inflamed sites through specific interactions with activated microvasculature. We found that HMVECs stimulated the adhesion and @entity4222 of circulating pre-OCs, in an @entity2071 - and @entity1759 -dependent manner, leading to greater @entity5298 -induced @entity2527 formation and bone pit resorption. INTRODUCTION: @entity32 is critical for healing processes but causes severe tissue destruction when chronic. Local @entity2527 ( @entity2527 ) formation and bone resorption may increase at inflammatory sites through multiple mechanisms, including direct stimulation by inflamed microvasculature of circulating @entity2527 precursor (pre- @entity2527 ) migration through a blood vessel barrier into bone or joint tissue. How this might occur is not yet well understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytokine-activated @entity1 microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) monolayers, with or without @entity1192 and @entity310 preactivation (24 h), were incubated in adhesion (1-3 h) or porous transwell @entity4222 ( @entity4222 ; 3 h) assays with @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) or @entity5750 + monocyte or @entity5750 - lymphocyte subsets. The number of cells that adhered or transmigrated, and their ability to thereafter develop with @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ) + @entity5298 into bone pit-resorbing OCs, were analyzed. Immunostaining and neutralizing antibodies to key cell adhesion molecules were used to determine their potential involvement in stimulated @entity5750 + monocyte @entity4222 . RESULTS: @entity6824 + @entity5298 caused @entity2527 and bone pit formation only from hPBMCs and @entity5750 + cells but not @entity5750 - cells. Adhesion of hPBMCs or @entity5750 + cells but not @entity5750 - cells was stimulated by cytokine preactivation of HMVECs and led to the full capture of all circulating pre-OCs capable of developing into OCs. Cytokine-preactivated HMVECs also promoted the postadhesion @entity4222 of hPBMCs and @entity5750 + populations, resulting in markedly greater @entity2527 formation and bone pit resorption by transmigrated cells. Immunodetectable vascular cell adhesion molecule ( @entity4725 ), intercellular adhesion molecule ( @entity2071 ), and @entity1759 levels increased on cytokine-treated HMVEC surfaces, and neutralizing antibodies to @entity2071 or @entity1759 , but not @entity4725 or platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule ( @entity2279 ), inhibited stimulated @entity5750 + cell @entity4222 through activated HMVECs. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration that cytokine-activated HMVECs efficiently capture and promote the @entity4222 of circulating pre-OCs capable of differentiating into bone-resorbing OCs. Thus, direct pre- @entity2527 recruitment by activated microvasculature at inflammatory sites may significantly contribute to normal @entity2527 bone remodeling during @entity174 healing or exacerbate pathological @entity604 in @entity102 .

title: @entity1 microvascular endothelial cell activation by @entity1192 and @entity310 stimulates the adhesion and @entity4222 of circulating @entity1 XXXX + monocytes that develop with @entity5298 into functional osteoclasts.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['TEM', 'transendothelial migration']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['various chronic inflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity2527 :: ('MESH:D001862', 'Disease') :: ['OC', 'osteoclast']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage-colony stimulating factor', 'M-CSF']

answer: @entity5750 :: (929,Gene) :: ['CD14']


abstract: Basement membranes (BMs) constitute a distinct compartment of the extracellular matrix (ECM). All BMs show a similar structural appearance but differ in molecular composition. These variations have critical functional implications. The aim of this study is to establish the pattern of the @entity523 lectin ( @entity523 agglutinin--LEA) binding sites in the BMs of the developing @entity1573 embryo (stages 4-21, Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951) in order to achieve a better understanding of the molecular heterogeneity of BMs. The study was performed with @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) histochemistry, and confocal laser microscopy. @entity1579 showed that @entity33650 bound to the lamina densa and to the lamina fibroreticularis of the BMs. Through the period studied, most of the LEA binding appeared in the ectodermal BM and its derivatives. In the limb bud, LEA binding to the ectoderm BM was more intense in the ventral half than in the dorsal half. Furthermore, LEA allowed the early (HH16) detection of the transverse fibrillar tracts. In the lens and in the inner ear primordium, the BMs were LEA positive through the placode and cup stages. The binding was progressively reduced through the vesicle stage. The BMs of the olfactory primordium, and of the Rathke's pouch were positive. In contrast, the BMs of the developing central nervous system were negative. The BMs of both the paraxial and the lateral plates of the mesoderm were negative, whereas the notochord and the BM of the Wolffian duct were positive. The endodermal BM and its derivatives were negative. The ECM located between the fusing endocardial tubes, and the BM of the fusion zone of the paired aortae, were positive. This suggested an active role of the LEA-positive glycoproteins in the fusion of endothelia. Our results show the heterogeneity of the @entity1573 embryo BMs during development. In addition, LEA constitutes an excellent marker for the primordial germ cells.

title: Basement membrane heterogeneity during @entity1573 development as shown by XXXX ( @entity523 ) lectin binding.

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato', 'Lycopersicon esculentum']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['transmission electron microscopy', 'TEM']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: Studies involving the introduction of cloned homologous genes into @entity2551 revealed that several plasmids could not be conjugally introduced into @entity17960 (pJM1), but were transmissible to the pJM1-cured derivative H775-3. Recombinant pBR322 plasmids containing @entity2551 genomic DNA inserts were mobilized from @entity526 donors, using pRK2013, into @entity2551 H775-3 recipients at frequencies of 10(-6) to 10(-5) per recipient. When identical matings were performed with @entity17960 (pJM1) recipients, the infrequent exconjugants recovered carried the pBR322-based plasmid but had lost the large virulence plasmid pJM1. Similar studies were carried out with plasmid RP4 and with recombinant derivatives of the closely related broad-host-range plasmid pRK290. While RP4 was transmissible from @entity526 to @entity2551 H775-3 at frequencies of 6.7 x 10(-2) per recipient, transmission to @entity17960 (pJM1) recipients occurred at frequencies of only 2.5 x 10(-7). When pRK290 contained @entity2551 DNA inserts, the only exconjugants recovered had lost pJM1, or contained pJM1 and a deletion derivative of the recombinant pRK290 plasmid where all of the DNA insert had been deleted. The use of Dam-, Dcm-, or EcoK- methylation-deficient @entity526 donor strains failed to result in appreciable numbers of @entity17960 (pJM1) exconjugants that contained the desired transferred plasmids. Following UV mutagenesis, a derivative of @entity17960 (pJM1) was isolated that would accept conjugally transferred plasmid DNAs at frequencies similar to those observed when using @entity2551 H775-3 recipients. These data suggest that virulence plasmid pJM1 mediates a restriction system that prevents conjugal transmission of plasmid DNA from @entity526 donors into @entity17960 (pJM1). This putative restriction system appears not to be directed towards Dam-, Dcm-, or EcoK-methylated DNA, and appears not to involve a Type II restriction endonuclease.

title: Virulence plasmid pJM1 prevents the conjugal entry of plasmid DNA into the marine fish pathogen XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2551 :: ('55601', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio anguillarum', 'V. anguillarum']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity17960 :: (882102,Species) :: ['Vibrio anguillarum 775']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) reduces sympathetic activity and blood pressure (BP) in @entity1 with resistant @entity101 . The present study aimed to investigate the effects of @entity8 on HR and other electrocardiographic parameters. METHODS: 136 @entity1 aged 62.2    0.8 years (58% male, BP 177    2/93    1 mmHg) with resistant @entity101 underwent @entity8 . BP and a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded before, 3 months (n=127), and 6 months (n=88) after @entity8 . RESULTS: After 3 months (3M) and 6 months (6M), systolic BP was reduced by 25.5    2.4 mmHg (p<0.0001) and 28.1    3 mmHg (p<0.0001). HR at baseline was 66.1    1 beats per minute (bpm) and was reduced by 2.6    0.8 bpm after 3 months (p=0.001) and 2.1    1.1 bpm after 6 months (p=0.046). @entity1 with HR at baseline between 60-71 bpm and >=  71 bpm had a reduction of 2.9    7.6 bpm (p=0.008) and 9.0    8.6 bpm (p<0.0001), respectively, whereas in @entity1 with baseline HR<60 bpm HR slightly increased after 3 months (2.7    8.4 bpm; p=0.035). Neither baseline HR nor change of HR correlated with the reduction of systolic BP. The PR interval was prolonged by 11.3    2.5 ms (p<0.0001) and 10.3    2.5 ms (p<0.0001) at 3 and 6 months after @entity8 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 reduced heart rate and the PR interval as indicators of cardiac autonomic activity.

title: Effects of renal sympathetic denervation on heart rate and atrioventricular conduction in @entity1 with resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal sympathetic denervation', 'RDN']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity356 express enhanced levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMP and @entity2843 genes may be associated with disease susceptibility and might also affect their antigen expression. We studied the genotype distribution and allele frequencies of SNPs of @entity54736 and @entity16617 in @entity356 @entity1 in relation to @entity5 progression, @entity1 survival and tissue antigen expression. The genotype distribution and allele frequencies were similar in @entity356 @entity1 and controls, except for @entity1917 ( @entity25456 ). In addition, the genotype distribution of @entity1917 ( @entity25456 ) was associated with @entity1534 status (chi(2) 7.8, P=0.005) and @entity5 -related survival of the @entity1 . Single-nucleotide polymorphism @entity1552 ( @entity25455 ) correlated significantly with the WHO classification (chi(2) 5.9, P=0.03) and also strongly with @entity5 -related survival (log rank 11.74, P=0.0006). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of @entity1476 and @entity2843 were not associated with @entity5 -related survival. Only the gene promoter @entity1476 ( @entity25454 ) polymorphism correlated significantly with the protein level within the @entity5 . First-order dendrogram cluster analysis combined with Cox analysis identified the @entity1917 ( @entity25456 ) and @entity1552 ( @entity25455 ) polymorphism combination to have a major impact on @entity1 survival outcome. We conclude that MMP-related SNPs, especially @entity1917 ( @entity25456 ) and @entity1552 ( @entity25455 ), may be helpful in identifying @entity356 @entity1 with a poor clinical outcome.

title: Clinical impact of MMP and XXXX gene polymorphisms in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancers']

answer: @entity2843 :: (7076,Gene) :: ['TIMP']


abstract: The cardiotonic @entity479 , @entity7832 , a specific inhibitor of @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase, initiates protein-protein interactions that lead to an increase in growth and proliferation in different cell types. We explored the effects of @entity7832 on @entity413 metabolism in @entity1 skeletal muscle cells (HSMC) and clarified the mechanisms of @entity7832 signal transduction. In HSMC, @entity7832 increased glycogen synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner reaching the maximum at 100 nM. The effect of @entity7832 was additive to the effect of insulin and was independent of @entity4357 3-kinase inhibitor @entity2306 but was abolished in the presence of a @entity16629 inhibitor ( @entity4286 ) or a @entity7242 inhibitor ( @entity24023 ). @entity7832 increased @entity7242 -dependent @entity4149 phosphorylation of alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-subunits of @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase and promoted interaction of alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-subunits with @entity7242 , as assessed by co-immunoprecipitation with @entity7242 . Phosphorylation of @entity1366 and @entity35466 /beta, as well as @entity22564 activity, was increased in response to @entity7832 in HSMC, and these responses were prevented in the presence of @entity4286 and @entity24023 . Incubation of HSMC with 100 nM @entity7832 increased phosphorylation of the alpha-subunits of the @entity4024 -pump at a MAPK-specific Thr-Pro motif. @entity7832 treatment decreased the surface abundance of alpha(2)-subunit, whereas abundance of the alpha(1)-subunit was unchanged. @entity36454 , an endogenous vertebrate @entity36692 cardiotonic @entity479 , increased glycogen synthesis in HSMC at 10 nM concentration, similarly to 100 nM @entity7832 . In conclusion, @entity7832 and @entity36454 stimulate glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle. This effect is mediated by activation of a @entity7242 -, @entity1366 -, @entity22564 -, and GSK3-dependent signaling pathway.

title: Cardiotonic steroids stimulate glycogen synthesis in @entity1 skeletal muscle cells via a XXXX - and @entity1366 -dependent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity36454 :: ('MESH:C093896', 'Chemical') :: ['marinobufagenin', 'Marinobufagenin']

entities_list: @entity36692 :: ('MESH:C087925', 'Chemical') :: ['bufadienolide']

entities_list: @entity7832 :: ('MESH:D010042', 'Chemical') :: ['ouabain', 'Ouabain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7242 :: (6714,Gene) :: ['Src']


abstract: This study assessed antidromic reciprocating @entity591 (ART) in @entity1 with paraseptal @entity5509 ( @entity5509 ). Previous clinical experience suggests that paraseptal @entity5509 are unable to serve as the anterograde limb during ART. Based on the reentry wavelength concept, we hypothesized that anatomic location of a paraseptal AP may not preclude occurrence of ART. If wavelength criteria were met due to prolonged conduction time retrogradely in the atrioventricular node or anterogradely in the AP, ART may be sustained. All @entity1 who had ART in the electrophysiologic laboratory at our institution (1991 to 1998) were studied. Based on fluoroscopically guided electrophysiologic mapping and radiofrequency ablation, AP location was classified as paraseptal, posterior, or lateral. Conduction time and refractoriness measurements were made for all components of the ART circuit. Of 24 @entity1 with ART, 5 (21%) had ART utilizing a paraseptal AP. Anterograde conduction time through the AP and retrograde atrioventricular nodal conduction time were significantly longer in @entity1 with paraseptal versus lateral pathways. @entity3044 was required for ART induction in 38% of @entity1 with a posterior AP, 36% with lateral AP location, but not in @entity1 with a paraseptal AP. There were no significant differences in @entity591 cycle length or refractoriness of anterograde and/or retrograde components of the macroreentry circuit between the 3 pathway locations. Thus, ART can occur in @entity1 with a paraseptal AP. Slower anterograde pathway conduction, or retrograde atrioventricular nodal conduction renders the wavelength critical for completion of the antidromic re-entrant circuit.

title: Electrophysiologic characteristics of diverse accessory pathway locations of antidromic reciprocating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity5509 :: ('MESH:D058606', 'Disease') :: ['APs', 'accessory pathways']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: 1. The role of @entity369 -vasopressin in the pathogenesis of malignant @entity8147 ( @entity4420 ) @entity101 of @entity35 was investigated. 2. In @entity35 with malignant @entity4420 @entity101 plasma @entity369 -vasopressin concentrations increased more than tenfold subsequent to volume depletion and a rise of serum osmolality. 3. The injection of a specific antibody serum for @entity369 -vasopressin caused a marked fall of blood pressure in @entity35 with malignant @entity4420 @entity101 , whereas the injection of @entity1808 antiserum did not affect blood pressure. 4. In @entity35 exhibiting a benign course of @entity4420 @entity101 plasma concentrations of @entity369 -vasopressin were increased threefold in comparison with normotensive control @entity35 ; the injection of an @entity369 -vasopressin antiserum induced a significant but small fall of blood pressure. 5. It is concluded that in the pathogenesis of malignant @entity4420 @entity101 @entity369 -vasopressin might play the role that the renin-angiotensin system plays in the pathogenesis of @entity4815 .

title: Vasopressin and malignant XXXX @entity101 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4815 :: ('MESH:D006977', 'Disease') :: ['malignant renal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8147 :: ('MESH:D003900', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycorticosterone']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity8147 :: (MESH:D003900,Chemical) :: ['deoxycorticosterone']


abstract: AIMS: To test the hypothesis that drug law enforcement encourages entry into @entity284 maintenance treatment. DESIGN: Survey conducted as face-to-face interviews in @entity284 clinics, at needle exchange centres and on the street, in areas of widespread @entity4521 dealing and use. SETTING: Sydney, Australia. @entity1 : @entity4521 users. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported data on personal characteristics, and experience of drug law enforcement and @entity284 maintenance treatment. FINDINGS: Although keeping their relationship/family together emerged as the most important reason given by respondents for entering treatment, avoiding more trouble with police/courts was also rated by the majority of respondents as an important or very important reason for entering treatment. The results of logistic regression analysis show that, after controlling for other factors, @entity4521 users who have had a friend or family member imprisoned are more likely to have tried @entity284 maintenance treatment. A @entity4521 user's own experience of arrest and imprisonment was also found to increase the likelihood of having tried treatment but only when age and length of time as a regular user (which were related to the user's experience of arrest and imprisonment) were excluded from the set of control variables. Despite having extensive histories of contact with the police and criminal justice system, however, Asian, Middle Eastern and Aboriginal respondents showed less proclivity to enter treatment than Caucasian respondents. CONCLUSION: Drug law enforcement may have a role to play in @entity4521 demand reduction but its effects are not evident for all ethnic groups and the separate effects of contact with police, age and time spent in the @entity4521 market remain unclear.

title: Street-level drug law enforcement and entry into XXXX maintenance treatment.

entities_list: @entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['heroin', 'Heroin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the monocular and binocular outcomes of LASIK for a micro-monovision protocol for the correction of hyperopic @entity940 and @entity10818 . METHODS: A prospective non-comparative case series included 258 eyes of 129 consecutive @entity1 with hyperopic @entity940 and @entity10818 who were treated with LASIK-induced micro-monovision. The CRS-Master software was used to generate ablation profiles for the Carl Zeiss Meditec MEL80 excimer laser. The target refraction was piano for distance eyes (dominant eye) and between -1.00 and -1.50 diopters (D) for near eyes. @entity1 were followed for 1 year. RESULTS: Mean attempted spherical equivalent refraction (SE) correction was +2.54+/-1.16 D (range: +0.25 to +5.75 D). Mean attempted cylinder was -0.52+/-0.49 D (range: -0.00 to -3.25 D). Median age was 56 years (range: 44 to 66 years). Median follow-up was 12.5 months (range: 3.3 months [early retreatment] to 18.2 months). The retreatment rate was 22%. Outcome measures after all treatments were as follows. Mean deviation from the intended SE correction was +0.09+/-0.48 D, with 79% of eyes within +/-0.50 D and 95% within +/-1.00 D. The cylinder correction ratio was 1.23+/-0.63 and the error ratio was 0.67+/-0.65. Of the distance eyes, 86% achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 and 100% achieved 20/40. Binocularly, 95% of @entity1 achieved 20/20 and 100% achieved 20/40. Eighty-one percent of @entity1 could read J2 and 100% could read J5. Binocularly, 95% of @entity1 achieved 20/20 and could read J5. No eyes lost 2 or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. A statistically significant increase was noted in contrast sensitivity at 3 and 6 cycles per degree (cpd), with no reduction at 12 and 18 cpd. The average change in refraction between 3 months and 1 year was +0.11+/-0.36 D with a change of >1.00 D in 2.6% of eyes. CONCLUSIONS: This hyperopic micro-monovision protocol was a well-tolerated and effective procedure for treating @entity1 with @entity10818 in moderate to high @entity3467 with corrections ranging up to +5.75 D. Contrast sensitivity was improved and the distance vision of near eyes was found to contribute positively to binocular distance vision compared to distance eyes monocularly.

title: LASIK for hyperopic @entity940 and XXXX using micro-monovision with the Carl Zeiss Meditec MEL80 platform.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10818 :: ('MESH:D011305', 'Disease') :: ['presbyopia']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

answer: @entity10818 :: (MESH:D011305,Disease) :: ['presbyopia']


abstract: A multicenter open clinical evaluation of 0.05 percent @entity9090 in optimized cream vehicle for the treatment of @entity75 was conducted to investigate its efficacy. There were 348 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 who completed the three-week clinical trial. Three hundred and ten @entity1 used the cream twice a day and another 38 @entity1 used it once a day. All @entity1 responded well to treatment. Significant improvement was observed at all follow-up visits on days 8, 15, and 21 (p less than 0.001) for measures of erythema, induration, and scaling of lesions. The response was equally impressive whether the @entity1 's psoriatic status prior to the treatment was stable or worsening, involved more than 50 percent of the skin surface or less, or had lasted more than ten years or less. The response of @entity1569 to once-a-day application of cream was as good as that seen with twice-a-day application. Side effects, noted in a small percentage of @entity1 , were burning, dry skin, and @entity111 . We conclude that the cream is a safe and highly effective treatment for @entity1569 . The once-a-day application is probably adequate for control of @entity1569 .

title: 0.05 percent XXXX in optimized cream vehicle for @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity9090 :: ('MESH:C011175', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone dipropionate']

answer: @entity9090 :: (MESH:C011175,Chemical) :: ['betamethasone dipropionate']


abstract: Oral water ingestion increases blood pressure in normal elderly subjects and in @entity1 suffering from @entity11460 , but the time course of the haemodynamic changes is not known. We therefore studied 14 subjects with documented sympathetic denervation due to @entity4728 , with continuous haemodynamic recordings obtained before and after ingestion of 500 ml of distilled water at room temperature. The time course of changes in values of systolic and diastolic beat-by-beat finger blood pressure, heart rate, @entity64 volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction and total peripheral resistance were analysed. Systolic blood pressure rose from 115+/-8 mmHg (mean+/-S.E.M.) to 133+/-8 mmHg (P<0.001), and diastolic blood pressure from 64+/-4 to 73+/-4 mmHg (P<0.001), with the pressor response beginning a few minutes after water ingestion, plateauing between 10 and 35 min (peak at 14 min), and returning to baseline at 50 min. Heart rate fell from 71+/-2.5 to 67+/-2 beats/min (P<0.001), and total peripheral resistance increased from 1.31+/-0.19 to 1.61+/-0.24 m-units (P<0.001). There were no significant changes in ejection fraction, @entity64 volume or cardiac output. This study confirmed a pressor response to oral water in subjects with sympathetic denervation. The temporal profile of the response did not favour reflexly mediated sympathetic activation. As subjects with @entity11460 are prone to salt and water depletion, and since blood pressure is exquisitely sensitive to such changes, it may be that the observed response is due to repletion or restoration of intravascular and extravascular fluid volume.

title: Haemodynamics of the pressor effect of oral water in XXXX sympathetic denervation due to @entity11460 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4728 :: ('MESH:D054970', 'Disease') :: ['pure autonomic failure']

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The position of the femoral component in a TKA in the axial plane influences patellar tracking and flexion gap symmetry. Errors in femoral @entity717 have been implicated in the need for early revision surgery. Methods of guiding femoral @entity717 at the time of implantation typically are derived from the mean position of the flexion-extension @entity2270 across experimental subjects. The functional flexion @entity2270 (FFA) of the knee is kinematically derived and therefore a @entity1 -specific reference @entity2270 that can be determined intraoperatively by a computer navigation system as an alternative method of guiding femoral @entity717 . However, it is unclear whether the FFA is reliable and how it compares with traditional methods. QUESTION/PURPOSES: We asked if the FFA could be measured reproducibly at different stages of the operative procedure; (2) where it lies in relation to a CT-derived gold standard; and (3) how it compares with more traditional methods of judging femoral @entity717 . METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 undergoing elective TKAs were recruited to the study. Preoperative CT scans were obtained and the transepicondylar @entity2270 ( @entity1041 ) was identified. The TKA then was performed using computer navigation. The FFA was derived before incision and again after the surgical approach and osseous registration. The navigation system was used to register the surgical @entity1041 . The FFA and surgical @entity1041 then were compared with the CT-derived @entity1041 . RESULTS: The mean preincision FFA was similar to the intraoperative FFA and therefore deemed reproducible. We observed no differences in variability between surgical @entity1041 and preincision FFA. The FFA was different from the CT- @entity1041 and judged similar in accuracy to the surgical @entity1041 . CONCLUSION: The reliability and accuracy of the FFA were similar to those of other intraoperative methods. Further evaluation is required to ascertain whether the FFA improves on currently available methods for determining the ideal rotation of the femoral component during TKA.

title: Is femoral XXXX in a TKA reliably guided by the functional flexion @entity2270 ?

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['component rotation']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['component rotation']


abstract: This phase II study to determine the safety and efficacy of denileukin diftitox (DD) and @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 and @entity229 ( @entity3726 ) enrolled @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ). Forty-nine received DD 18  g/kg/day (days 1, 2) with @entity3726 (day 3) every 21 days for  <= 6-8 cycles. Intent-to-treat (ITT) and safety populations comprised all @entity1 . In the ITT population, the overall response rate was 65%, median duration of response was 30 months and median progression-free survival was 12 months. Median overall survival was not attained at the end of the study, and the overall survival rate was 63.3%. The two most frequent treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were @entity1295 and @entity390 . Most frequent AEs >=  grade 3 within the hematologic system were @entity2905 (24.5%), @entity1398 (20.4%) and @entity1431 (18.4%). Three treatment-related @entity204 occurred. DD plus @entity3726 was well tolerated, and progression-free and overall survival improved versus historical comparison with @entity3726 alone. Confirmation in larger trials is warranted.

title: A multicenter phase II trial to determine the safety and efficacy of combination therapy with denileukin diftitox and XXXX , @entity632 , @entity1891 and @entity229 in untreated @entity3191 : the CONCEPT study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['PTCL', 'peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']