abstract: BACKGROUND: The systemic @entity2478 is a rare @entity74 characterized by recurrent episodes of @entity551 and hemoconcentration due to sudden transient extravasation of 10% to 70% of plasma. Mortality rates 5 years after diagnosis have been reported to be 76%. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a prophylactic regimen for the systemic @entity2478 . DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Eight @entity1 followed over the past 18 years. INTERVENTION: Oral @entity4183 plus @entity3416 or @entity2544 . MEASUREMENTS: Long-term clinical follow-up. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 9 years (range, 2 to 18 years), two @entity1 (25%) died: one during an acute episode and one of complications related to long-term corticosteroid therapy. The other six @entity1 are alive and healthy. The frequency and severity of the episodes decreased by a median of 30-fold. Recurrences were associated with decreased serum @entity2544 levels, possibly caused by enzyme induction or autoinduction. The extended-release form of medication was more successful. Sympathomimetic side effects were significant. CONCLUSIONS: A regimen of @entity4183 and @entity2544 seems to be effective prophylaxis against the systemic @entity2478 . Maintenance of therapeutic drug levels was associated with favorable results.

title: Treatment of the systemic @entity2478 with XXXX and @entity2544 . A case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary leak syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic disorder']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity4183 :: (MESH:D013726,Chemical) :: ['terbutaline']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We have shown that chronic administration of the @entity8932 ( @entity8932 ) agonist Pam3CSK(4) prevents @entity6 in NOD @entity19 by inducing @entity8932 tolerance of dendritic cells (DCs). We have also reported that a novel @entity33559 ( @entity33559 ) inhibitor, @entity46157 , could increase beta cell mass. Here we investigated whether a combination of @entity33559 inhibition, with beneficial effects on beta cell mass, and @entity8932 tolerisation, protecting beta cells from autoimmune destruction, could treat a model of established type 1 @entity6 . METHODS: @entity6 @entity19 were treated with 100   g Pam3CSK(4), administered three times a week for 3  weeks, in combination with feeding with chow containing 0.3% @entity46157 . Beta cell mass and proliferation were studied by immunohistochemistry. DC tolerance was assessed by studying diabetogenic @entity1961 (+) T cell priming after adoptive transfer and expression of costimulatory molecules on DCs by flow cytometry. RESULTS: We observed reversal of @entity6 in NOD @entity19 by Pam3CSK(4)+ @entity46157 but not by either Pam3CSK(4) or @entity46157 alone. Beta cell mass and the number of proliferating beta cells were significantly enhanced by Pam3CSK(4)+ @entity46157 , but not by either Pam3CSK(4) or @entity46157 alone. @entity1619 cell priming by DCs and upregulation of costimulatory molecules after ex vivo stimulation were attenuated in @entity19 treated with Pam3CSK(4)+ @entity46157 , indicating DC tolerance. The relative proportions of @entity1961 (+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, B cells, DCs, macrophages and regulatory T cells, and T-helper polarisation were unchanged by treatment with Pam3CSK(4)+ @entity46157 . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These data demonstrate that a combination of @entity8932 tolerisation and @entity33559 inhibition can reverse early-onset @entity6 in NOD @entity19 .

title: Treatment of autoimmune @entity6 in NOD @entity19 by @entity8932 tolerance in conjunction with XXXX inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetogenic T']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetic NOD']

answer: @entity33559 :: (13482(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase 4']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of the body mass index (BMI) with mortality and with non-fatal functional outcome in @entity1 with @entity64 or @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ). Obesity is an established risk factors in primary @entity65 prevention including @entity64 . The impact of overweight in @entity1 with @entity64 or @entity4905 on secondary fatal and non-fatal functional outcomes is less well established. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from 4428 @entity1 with @entity64 or @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) from the Telemedical Project for Integrative @entity64 Care (TEMPiS) were studied in this post hoc analysis. The body mass index was available in 1521 @entity1 . @entity1 were categorized as underweight (BMI <18.5), normal (BMI 18.5 to <25) overweight (BMI 25 to <30), @entity28 (BMI 30 to <35), advanced @entity28 (BMI >= 35 all kg/m(2)), and no body weight assessed. Outcome measures after 30 months were all-cause mortality and non-fatal outcomes: recurrent @entity64 , need for institutional care, and functional impairment (Barthel index <60, modified Rankin score >3). Mortality risk was lower in overweight @entity1 [hazard ratio (HR): 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56-0.86) and lowest in @entity28 (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.35-0.71) and very @entity28 @entity1 (HR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.20-0.66] compared with normal BMI. Functional, non-fatal outcomes, and recurrent @entity64 followed the same inverse pattern: underweight @entity1 had the worst outcomes but @entity28 @entity1 had better outcomes than @entity1 with normal BMI (all P < 0.01). After adjustment for multiple confounding factors, @entity28 @entity1 had a lower risk of the combined endpoints of @entity204 or institutional care (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38-0.92), @entity204 or high dependency (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39-0.91) and @entity204 or recurrent @entity64 (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37-0.86). Mortality was significantly lower in @entity28 @entity1 (all BMI >30 kg/m(2)) than @entity1 with normal weight (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50-0.98). Underweight @entity1 had consistently the highest risks for all endpoints. CONCLUSION: Overweight and @entity28 @entity1 with @entity64 or @entity4905 have better survival and better combined outcomes of survival and non-fatal functional status than @entity1 with the BMI <25 kg/m(2).

title: Overweight and @entity28 are associated with improved survival, functional outcome, and @entity64 recurrence after XXXX or @entity4905 : observations from the TEMPiS trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischaemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFTR) in the treatment of @entity14 (SMT). METHODS: From September 2009 to March 2012, 4 cases with colorectal SMT received EFTR at the Endoscopic Center in the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University. The operative time, complications, and follow-up data were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 3 females and 1 male. The age ranged from 33 to 78 years. The @entity5 location included the upper rectum(n=2), the ascending colon(n=1), and the descending colon(n=1). The mean operative time was 48.0(24-80) min. The mean diameter was 1.45(0.8-2.0) cm. Postoperative pathological examination revealed @entity808 , @entity14515 @entity14515 , @entity46 , and mild @entity1373 of smooth muscle in the muscularis mucosa. There was no bleeding or perforation intraoperatively and postoperatively. Two @entity1 developed @entity490 and @entity221 , one of whom had regional @entity298 and was managed by fasting and intravenous antibiotics. No surgical intervention was required. Postoperative follow up ranged from 1 to 30 months and no @entity5 or recurrence was found. CONCLUSION: EFTR is a safe and effective method for colorectal SMT.

title: [Feasibility of endoscopic full-thickness resection in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'residual cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity14515 :: ('MESH:D011006', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatosis', 'cystoides intestinalis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal submucosal tumor']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal submucosal tumors']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies against the limiting membrane of @entity133 cell lamellar bodies were obtained after immunization of @entity19 with a membrane fraction prepared from lamellar bodies isolated from @entity35 lungs. The specificity of the antibodies was investigated with Western blot analysis, indirect immunofluorescence, and electron-microscopic immunogold studies of freshly isolated or cultured @entity133 cells, alveolar macrophages, and @entity35 lung tissue. One of the monoclonal antibodies identified, MAb 3C9, recognized a 180-kDa lamellar body membrane (lbm180) protein. Immunogold labeling of @entity35 lung tissue with MAb 3C9 demonstrated that lbm180 protein is primarily localized at the lamellar body limiting membrane and is not found in the lamellar body contents. Most multivesicular bodies of type II cells were also labeled, as were some small cytoplasmic vesicles. Golgi complex labeling and plasma membrane labeling were weak. The appearance of lbm180 protein by immunofluorescence in fetal @entity35 lung cryosections correlated with the biogenesis of lamellar bodies. The lbm180 protein decreased with time in type II cells cultured on plastic. The lbm180 protein is an integral membrane protein of lamellar bodies and was also found in the pancreas and the pancreatic betaHC9 cell line but not in the @entity35 brain, liver, kidney, stomach, or intestine. The present study provides evidence that the lbm180 protein is a lung lamellar body and/or multivesicular body membrane protein and that its antibody, MAb 3C9, will be a valuable reagent in further investigations of the biogenesis and trafficking of type II cell organelles.

title: Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to XXXX cell lamellar body membrane.

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar type II']

answer: @entity133 :: (MESH:D002282,Disease) :: ['alveolar type II']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) offers a new modality by which to image the vessel wall in high resolution. The aim of the study was to classify @entity731 using IVUS according to @entity299 ( @entity299 ) recommendation. METHODS: IVUS was performed using a 20 or 30 MHz mechanically rotated catheter in 190 @entity1 (aged from 35 to 75 years, mean 59 +/- 9 years) who presented with suspicion of @entity453 based on clinical examination. RESULTS: Of the 190 @entity1 , 49 (26%) (group A) were found to have normal or nearly normal coronary arteries, whereas the other 141 (74%) (group B) had significant angiographic @entity850 (> 50% luminal narrowing). IVUS image interpretation was based on the recommendation of the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on @entity731 ( @entity299 ). In group A, a total of 822 segments were evaluated with IVUS; 444 (54%) were found to have plaque formation. Among these 444 segments, @entity75 were found in 145 (33%), @entity75 in 110 segments (25%), type IV and Va lesions in 169 segments (38%), and type Vb in 18 segments (4%). The severity of @entity850 increased from type II to IV. In group B, only the most stenotic segments (n = 141) on angiography were selected for analysis. No significant differences were found among different lesion types with respect to the severity of @entity850 . Type Vb and Vc lesions presented mainly, but not exclusively, as @entity5749 , whereas type VI lesions presented mainly as @entity1459 . Some @entity1 (12%) with @entity5749 had complicated lesions (type VIa-VIc). CONCLUSIONS: It is now possible to use intravascular ultrasound to classify @entity731 according to the @entity299 recommendations that were based on histological examination. Standardized reports of IVUS can now be based on these recommendations. Even in angiographically normal coronary arteries, advanced @entity731 are found, explaining the potential risk of @entity1187 in this group of @entity1 . In @entity1 with angiographically severe @entity301 , clinical symptoms correlate mainly with plaque characteristics, rather than with the severity of @entity850 .

title: Intravascular ultrasound classification of @entity731 according to XXXX recommendation.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type III lesions', 'type II lesions']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'American Heart Association']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis', 'plaque area stenosis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['American Heart Association']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify @entity5157 species active in pumpkin fields in New York and to estimate their potential as pollinators by examining their foraging activity. In addition, we examined whether foraging activity was affected by either the addition of hives of the @entity5157 , @entity5157 L., or by field size. Thirty-five pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) fields ranging from 0.6 to 26.3 ha, 12 supplemented with A. mellifera hives and 23 not supplemented, were sampled during peak flowering over three successive weeks in 2008 and 2009. Flowers from 300 plants per field were visually sampled for @entity5157 on each sampling date. A. mellifera, @entity27456 Cresson, and Peponapis pruinosa (Say) accounted for 99% of all @entity5157 visits to flowers. A. mellifera and @entity27456 visited significantly more pistillate flowers than would be expected by chance, whereas P. pruinosa showed no preference for visiting pistillate flowers. There were significantly more @entity1129 per flower in fields supplemented with A. mellifera hives than in fields not supplemented, but there were significantly fewer @entity2729 in supplemented fields. The number of @entity27456 visits was not affected by supplementation, but was affected by number of flowers per field. A. mellifera and @entity2729 were not affected by field size, but @entity27456 visited fewer flowers as field size increased in fields that were not supplemented with A. mellifera hives. Declining A. mellifera populations may increase the relative importance of @entity27456 in pollinating pumpkins in New York.

title: Influence of XXXX , @entity5157 , hives and field size on foraging activity of native @entity5157 species in pumpkin fields.

entities_list: @entity27456 :: ('132113', 'Species') :: ['B. impatiens', 'Bombus impatiens']

entities_list: @entity2729 :: ('MESH:C537241', 'Disease') :: ['P. pruinosa visits']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A. mellifera visits']

entities_list: @entity5157 :: ('7460', 'Species') :: ['honey bee', 'bees', 'Apis mellifera', 'bee']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['honey bee']


abstract: PURPOSE: Complete surgical resection is the standard treatment for localized @entity0 . Post-surgical treatments are still a matter of debate. We carried out an overview of the literature to investigate the clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity5 . A retrospective analysis of mono-institutional series has been included as well. METHODS: We reviewed all the retrospective series reported from 1951 until April 2012. We analyzed cases treated at our institution from 1999 to 2010. RESULTS: Eighty-three articles (5530 @entity1 ; 1956 @entity5 ) were reviewed. Local recurrences were independent of histology. Distant recurrences were more frequent in the @entity5 (22%). A total of 172 @entity5 were included in the retrospective analysis. DISCUSSION: Prognosis of @entity5 is excellent. There are no convincing data to recommend any adjuvant treatment after surgery. Molecular characterization may well provide new clues to permit identification of active treatments for the rare poor prognosis cases.

title: XXXX : a review of literature and a single center retrospective series analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['phyllodes tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'phyllodes tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast phyllodes tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast phyllodes tumor']


abstract: Oocyte activation is a series of events triggered by the fertilizing spermatozoon and necessary for the beginning of the embryonic development. @entity460 plays a pivotal role in this process. Here we used confocal laser scanning microscopy to examine the changes in the concentration of intracellular free @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) in @entity1 oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The first considerable but short (< 2 min) increase in [ @entity141 ]i was detected immediately after the penetration of the microinjection needle into the ooplasm. This rise by itself did not provoke oocyte activation and was also obtained after the injection of medium without spermatozoa. After a lag period of 4-12 h, oocytes that were subsequently activated initiated a second period of [ @entity141 ]i changes. These changes were sperm-dependent and followed one of two alternative patterns, a non-oscillatory one and an oscillatory one. The non-oscillatory pattern resembled the changes described previously during parthenogenetic activation of @entity1 oocytes. The oscillatory pattern was similar to the changes accompanying normal fertilization in different @entity1 species. It is concluded that the initial [ @entity141 ]i rise provoked by the ICSI procedure is not responsible for oocyte activation, and that a release of a sperm factor(s) is required to initiate this process.

title: XXXX oocyte activation after intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: None of the commonly used staging criteria accurately determine the prognosis of a @entity1 with @entity420 of @entity355 . The authors therefore assessed the expression pattern and prognostic impact of @entity1759 standard and @entity1759 isoforms CD44v4, v5,v6,v7, and v10 in @entity420 of @entity355 . METHODS: Specimens from 41 @entity1 with @entity420 of @entity355 who underwent esophageal resection were embedded in paraffin and studied immunohistochemically to determine the expression of @entity1759 splice variants. Histomorphologic parameters and survival time were not known at the time of the investigation. RESULTS: Correlations between favorable clinical or histomorphologic parameters and CD44s or any of the split variants could not be established. Down-regulation of @entity1759 s and the split variant v10 was significantly correlated with pT classification. Furthermore, down-regulation of CD44v10 and up-regulation of CD44v7 were significantly correlated with ploidy. There was a significant correlation between @entity1759 s and split variants in tumorous and nontumorous tissue from the same @entity1 . Down-regulation of @entity1759 s and CD44v4 had a significant influence on prognosis in that it was associated with shortened life expectancy. Multivariate analysis revealed that the expression of CD44v4 was an independent factor in prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained for this small @entity1 sample suggest that CD44v4 is a new independent prognostic parameter for @entity420 of @entity355 that can be determined preoperatively by biopsy. It may therefore be helpful in planning therapy by allowing the identification of @entity1 who may benefit from esophageal resection as well as those who are at high risk for morbidity and mortality even when the @entity5 is otherwise resectable. Further studies of larger @entity1 samples are required to validate the results of the current study.

title: Expression of @entity1759 variant proteins in XXXX of @entity355 and its relation to prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity22180 ( @entity22180 ) activity promotes foam cell formation, increases proinflammatory bioactive lipid levels, decreases HDL levels, increases @entity731 in @entity19 , and is an independent marker of @entity65 . The effects of the @entity22180 inhibitor @entity23122 ( @entity23122 ) and @entity8673 as monotherapies and in combination on @entity731 , lipids, and paraoxonase ( @entity38757 ) activity in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 were investigated. Male @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 were placed on a 12-week high-fat diet supplemented with A-002 alone or combined with @entity8673 . @entity731 were examined for size and composition using en face analysis, Movat staining, anti- @entity18901 , and anti-alpha actin antibodies. Plasma lipids and @entity38757 activity were measured. A-002 @entity731 area by approximately 75% while increasing fibrous cap size by over 200%. HDL levels increased 40% and plasma @entity38757 activity increased 80%. @entity8673 monotherapy had no effect on lesion size but when combined with A-002, decreased lesion area 50% and total @entity165 levels 18% more than A-002 alone. A-002, a @entity22180 inhibitor, acts synergistically with @entity8673 to decrease @entity731 , possibly through decreased levels of systemic @entity32 or decreased lipid levels. A-002 treatment also resulted in a profound increase in plasma @entity38757 activity and significantly larger fibrous caps, suggesting the formation of more stable plaque architecture.

title: The synergistic inhibition of atherogenesis in @entity6970 -/- @entity19 between XXXX and the @entity22180 inhibitor @entity23122 (A-002).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity22180 :: ('18780(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['sPLA2', 'Secretory phospholipase A2']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['Pravastatin', 'pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['decreased atherosclerotic lesion', 'atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity8673 :: (MESH:D017035,Chemical) :: ['pravastatin']


abstract: Published studies have confirming or refusing an association between either @entity4192 ( @entity4192 ) or M1 ( @entity9164 ) polymorphism and @entity565 risk. Therefore the present meta-analysis was done. Literature-based meta-analysis was supplemented by tabular data from investigators of all relevant studies of two GST polymorphism ( @entity9164 and @entity4192 ) available before May 2006, with investigation of potential sources of heterogeneity. Included in the resent study were 14 studies, involving a total 2292 @entity565 @entity1 and 5718 controls. We found substantial evidence of heterogeneity between the studies. Exclusion of two studies with lowest quality scores resulted in a dramatic decrease in heterogeneity. The overall OR of the @entity565 risk associated with @entity9164 null genotype was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.08-1.35). Stratifying the meta-analysis by age and smoking status of subjects, the pooled ORs for @entity9164 null genotype were 1.56 (95% CI: 1.25-1.94) in adults and 1.95 (95% CI: 1.21-3.13) in non-smokers. The @entity4192 null genotype was associated with @entity565 risk in non-smoker adults (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.21-3.71). To investigate whether profile of GST genotypes are associated with the risk of the @entity565 , further analysis combining the @entity4192 and @entity9164 genotypes were also carried out. Subjects with null genotypes for both @entity9164 and @entity4192 were at a significant higher risk for developing @entity565 (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.39-3.33) compared with subjects who had both active genes. The trend in risk associated with zero, one and two putative high-risk genotypes was significant (chi2 = 12.07, df= 1, p = 0.0005). Overall, our present meta-analysis revealed that the null genotypes of @entity9164 and @entity4192 are associated with risk of @entity565 in adults especially in non-smoker ones. It might be suggested that chronic smoking carries such a high dose of toxins into the body that overloads the capacity of either @entity9164 or @entity4192 detoxification system. It seems that the @entity9164 and @entity4192 lack their protective values against development of @entity565 in adults with positive history of smoking. Present results also suggested that there is an additive effect for @entity4192 and @entity9164 genotypes.

title: Genetic polymorphism of @entity4192 , M1 and XXXX , a meta-analysis of the literature.

entities_list: @entity4192 :: ('2952', 'Gene') :: ['glutathione S-transferase T1', 'GSTT1']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: AIM: Ultrasonography and @entity400 ( @entity400 ) are the mainstays of diagnosing @entity259 accurately and reducing the number of diagnostic lobectomies. No benchmark for diagnostic accuracy has been published in the South African context. This single-institution study addresses this deficit. METHODS: The oncology, pathology and surgical records of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity259 from 2004 to 2010 at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, were reviewed and data were recorded on a standardised confidential proforma. The findings on pre-operative clinical assessment, ultrasound and @entity400 were correlated with the histopathology results. Diagnostic accuracy for @entity259 was determined by correlating pre-operative investigations with the final diagnosis. Sensitivity of ultrasound and @entity400 were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 109 @entity1 , 79 female and 30 male, were identified. The majority (99, 90.8%) had well-differentiated @entity259 (56 papillary, 30 follicular, 10 mixed and 3 @entity1358 ). There were 6 anaplastic and 4 @entity189 . Of the 109 @entity1 38 had a definite pre-operative diagnosis, in 61 a @entity5 was suspected, and 10 had surgery for benign disease. @entity400 was inadequate in 11 cases and the findings indicated a benign lesion in 47, a suspicious lesion in 13 and a malignant lesion in 38 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity259 . @entity400 diagnosed all @entity1 with medullary and @entity189 but less than half of those with well-differentiated @entity259 . Ultrasound scans detected at least one suspicious feature in 44 @entity1 . Microcalcification was the most common sign. CONCLUSION: The rate of pre-operative diagnosis of well-differentiated @entity259 in this unit is under 50%, well below international norms. Our standard practice needs to change to include ultrasound-guided @entity400 and standardised reporting of high-resolution ultrasound and cytology, before reassessment of our diagnostic accuracy.

title: Pre-operative diagnosis of XXXX : clinical, radiological and pathological correlation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinoma', 'medullary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Hurtle cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine-needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers', 'thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: To investigate relationships among carcinogen exposure, cell proliferation, and @entity105 , 14-day post-hatch @entity7021 ( @entity7021 ) were exposed to 0, 10, 25, 50, or 100 ppm @entity107 ( @entity108 ) for 48 h under static renewal conditions. They were then held in clean water until sampling at 3 and 6 months. The frequencies of @entity99 and @entity5 were determined from @entity1710 / @entity1711 -stained paraffin sections. A significant (p < 0.0001) concentration-related increase in hepatic vacuolated foci occurred in 3- and 6-month samples, with males having a significantly (p = 0.02) higher incidence than females. Concentration-related @entity179 were documented for spongiosis hepatis at 3 months (p = 0.053) and hepatic vacuoles at 6 months (p = 0.005). There was a significant (p = 0.0001) concentration-related increase in macrophage aggregates at 6 months. Basophilic foci were significantly related (p < 0.0001) to @entity108 concentration at 3 months post-exposure and were unaffected by gender or age. At both 3 and 6 months, there were significant concentration-related @entity157 (p < or = 0.02). Hepatocyte proliferation in 3-month whole specimens was quantified using an immunohistochemical assay for @entity48278 . Trend tests and a probit dose-response model showed a significantly positive correlation (p = 0.015) between proliferating hepatocytes and @entity108 concentrations. These results confirm that short-term exposure to low and moderate levels of @entity108 initiates concentration-dependent carcinogenic effects in @entity7021 that are apparent at 3 months postexposure. @entity108 could be an effective initiator in an initiation/promotion assay for @entity7021 using a 48-h exposure period, @entity108 concentrations < or = 10 ppm, and a 6-month sampling period.

title: @entity107 initiation of @entity105 in @entity7021 ( XXXX ): hepatocellular proliferation, toxicity, and neoplastic lesions resulting from short term, low level exposure.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosodiethylamine']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['increases in degenerative lesions']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['increases in hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity48278 :: ('101155033', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating-cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity7021 :: ('8090', 'Species') :: ['Oryzias latipes', 'medaka', 'Japanese medaka']

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['Oryzias latipes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In previous studies severe, acute @entity101 damaged the endothelium in proximal coronary arteries and selectively potentiated constriction of the artery to @entity750 . In the present study we investigated the role of several mechanical factors and of @entity26 radicals in this response. DESIGN: To test the role of mechanical factors in the response to acute @entity101 , the effect of different magnitudes of elevation of perfusion pressure and the rate of the rise in perfusion pressure were studied. Pharmacologically induced @entity101 were produced by infusion of angiotensin II or @entity2647 . The role of @entity26 radicals was tested by measuring responses to @entity750 before and after increases in perfusion pressure in @entity235 treated with a combination of @entity224 dismutase and @entity7669 or with @entity5532 . METHODS: In open-chest anesthetized @entity235 the diameter of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) was measured using sonomicrometer crystals, and the LADCA was perfused at a constant pressure of 80 mmHg from a reservoir. Responses to @entity750 were measured at this perfusion pressure before and after an abrupt increase in perfusion pressure. RESULTS: Intracoronary @entity750 (5 or 50 micrograms/min) produced a dose-dependent constriction of the LADCA while increasing coronary flow. Abruptly increasing the coronary perfusion pressure from 80 to 120, 150 or 200 mmHg augmented the constriction to @entity750 twofold, whereas increases in perfusion pressure to 100 mmHg had no effect. Increasing coronary pressure slowly (over a 4-min period) from 80 to 200 mmHg augmented constriction to @entity750 . Inducing acute @entity101 (coronary pressure 200 mmHg) pharmacologically with angiotensin II also augmented constriction to @entity750 , whereas @entity2647 -induced @entity101 did not. @entity224 dismutase, a scavenger of @entity224 anions and @entity7669 , a scavenger of @entity273 , prevented the augmented constriction to @entity750 following a pressure increase. @entity5532 , which prevents generation of @entity3787 radicals from @entity224 anions and @entity273 , also prevented the enhanced constriction to @entity750 following an acute pressure increase. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate physiological increases in pressure, induced either mechanically or pharmacologically, can augment the responses to @entity750 . @entity26 -derived free radicals, particularly @entity3787 radicals, might be involved in the abnormal response to @entity750 following an abrupt increase in coronary pressure.

title: Effect of acute XXXX in the coronary circulation: role of mechanical factors and @entity26 radicals.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'increases in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['Deferoxamine', 'deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Most @entity1 with @entity1575 must undergo a series of clinical examinations, including ultrasound imaging, liver biopsy, and blood tests. However, the quantification of @entity1575 by extracting significant features from a T2-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) provides useful diagnostic information in clinical tests. Sixty-two subjects were randomly selected to participate in this retrospective analysis with assigned to experimental and control groups. The T2-weighted MRI was obtained and to them dynamic adjusted gray levels. The extracted features of the image were @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ), mean, and entropy of pixel intensity in the region of interest (ROI). The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, 95% confidence intervals, and kappa statistics were used to test the significance and agreement. The analysis of area under ROC shows that @entity5494 , mean, and entropy in the ROI were significant between the experimental group and the control group. Smaller values of @entity5494 , mean, and entropy were associated with a higher probability of @entity1575 . The agreements between the extracted features and diagnostic results were shown significantly (P < 0.001). In this investigation, quantitative features of @entity5494 , mean, and entropy in the ROI were successfully computed by the dynamic gray level scaling of T2-weighted MRI with high accuracy.

title: Quantifying XXXX by extracting significant features from MRI T2 image.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['standard deviation', 'SD']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: The antigen-binding fragment @entity1334 -YADS2 recognizes @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and was derived from a library with chemical diversity restricted to only four @entity1522 (Tyr, Ser, Ala and @entity2574 ). The structure of the @entity1334 :antigen complex revealed that the structural paratope is dominated by Tyr side-chains. Isothermal titration calorimetry and cell-based assays show that restricted chemical diversity does not limit the affinity or specificity of @entity1334 -YADS2, which behaves in a manner comparable to natural antibodies. Mutagenesis experiments reveal that the functional paratope is dominated by Tyr, which represents 11 of the 15 functionally important residues. However, mutagenesis experiments also indicate that substitution of any of these @entity669 residues by @entity815 does not significantly affect binding to @entity7 . Furthermore, saturation mutagenesis shows that replacement of three functionally important @entity669 residues by combinations of other hydrophobic residues is not only tolerated, but can actually improve affinity. The results support a model for na  ve antigen recognition in which large Tyr side-chains establish binding contacts with antigen, and small Ser and Ala side-chains serve as auxiliaries that help to position Tyr in favorable binding conformations. While Tyr may not be optimal for any particular antigen contact, it is nonetheless capable of mediating favorable interactions with a diverse array of surfaces. Furthermore, the side-chain @entity3787 group makes Tyr significantly more hydrophilic than @entity815 and other hydrophobic @entity1522 . Increased hydrophilicity may reduce non-specific binding in the unbound state, and this may be critical for a na  ve repertoire that is exposed to a diverse range of potential antigenic surfaces. The results show that the chemical nature of Tyr endows the @entity535 with a privileged role in antigen recognition, and this likely explains the high abundance of Tyr in natural antigen-binding sites.

title: @entity669 plays a dominant functional role in the paratope of a synthetic antibody derived from a four XXXX code.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of long-term recurrence after topical nonpreserved @entity1667 pulse therapy for the treatment of @entity10243 ( @entity10243 ) with @entity244 . METHODS: A total of 106 eyes of 53 @entity244 @entity1 were included in the study. All @entity1 were treated with topical nonpreserved 1% @entity1667 solution. Initial therapy consisted of eyedrops 4 times a day for 2 weeks, and then @entity1 were reevaluated and tapered off the medication every 2 weeks until discontinuation. Tear film breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer test, corneal fluorescein staining, and subjective symptom scores were measured. Additionally, impression cytology of the bulbar conjunctiva was performed. The over-all success rates and success period were determined using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. RESULTS: A reduction in subjective symptoms and @entity941 staining, and an improvement in TBUT and Schirmer test results, was observed after treatment (P<0.001). Impression cytology specimens revealed a significantly increased number of periodic acid-Schiff-positive cells after treatment. After the first pulse therapy, mean survival was 56.6 weeks and 11 (20.8%) @entity1 recurred. After the second pulse therapy, mean survival was 72.4 weeks and only 1 @entity1 recurred. No serious complications, including intraocular pressure elevation and @entity231 formation, were encountered during the entire follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Topical nonpreserved @entity1667 pulse therapy proved to be a safe, effective long-term treatment of improving subjective and objective @entity936 factors in @entity10243 @entity1 with @entity244 .

title: Recurrence after topical nonpreserved @entity1667 therapy for XXXX in @entity244 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity10243 :: ('MESH:D007638', 'Disease') :: ['KCS', 'keratoconjunctivitis sicca']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

answer: @entity10243 :: (MESH:D007638,Disease) :: ['keratoconjunctivitis sicca']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/ @entity1726 ) of chimeric (Ch5c8) and humanized (Hu5c8) 5c8, a monoclonal antibody that binds CD154 ( @entity49357 ), thus blocking the interaction between @entity25338 and CD154, were investigated in @entity5434 . Single-dose groups (n = 3 animals per dose) received saline, 0.2, 1, 5 or 20 mg/kg i.v. doses of Hu5c8. The repeat-dose groups (n = 4 animals) received 0 or 5 mg/kg i.v. doses of Ch5c8 or Hu5c8 on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9. The single-dose PK parameters showed dose proportionality, with a terminal half-life of 300 h, a volume of distribution at steady state of 73 ml/kg and clearance of 0.2 ml.h-1.kg-1. The repeat-dose regimen produced a longer terminal half-life (500 h) and lower clearance (0.13 ml.h-1.kg-1) than in the single-dose groups. The antibody titer to @entity116 toxoid (ATT) challenge served as the immunodynamic marker. The primary ATT response consisted of a latent phase of approximately 10 days, during which the immune system was processing antigen but not yet producing antibody, a rise to an antibody maximum titer at approximately 18 days and a decline toward baseline by approximately 40 days in controls. The 5c8 produced a log(dose)-proportional reduction in the area under the curve of ATT. An indirect PK/ @entity1726 model based on the kinetics of @entity116 toxoid exposure and inhibition of ATT production in relation to 5c8 concentrations was developed. A median inhibitory concentration of 0.84 microg/ml and a efficacy of 0.84 reflected marked inhibition of ATT response by 5c8. The model provides quantitation of reduced ATT responses after 5c8 and was applicable to primary and secondary immune responses and to both single-dose and multiple-dose treatments. The monoclonal antibody 5c8 blocks the @entity25338 and CD154 interaction, producing consistent and substantive reduction in antibody formation after administration of @entity116 toxoid, which can be characterized with PK/ @entity1726 modeling. It is anticipated that 5c8 may have utility in the treatment of antibody-mediated @entity792 .

title: Pharmacokinetics/dynamics of 5c8, a monoclonal antibody to CD154 ( XXXX ) suppression of an immune response in monkeys.

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity49357 :: (102138630,Gene) :: ['CD40 ligand']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This quantitative angiographic and intravascular ultrasound study determined the mechanisms of @entity697 and recurrent restenosis after rotational atherectomy (RA) with adjunct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in the treatment of @entity256 (ISR). BACKGROUND: In-stent restenosis remains a significant clinical problem for which optimal treatment is under debate. Rotational atherectomy has become an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of diffuse ISR based on the concept of "tissue-debulking." METHODS: Rotational atherectomy with adjunct angioplasty of ISR was used in 45 @entity1 with @entity66 . Quantitative coronary angiographic (QCA) analysis and sequential intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) measurements were performed in all @entity1 . Forty @entity1 (89%) underwent angiographic six-month follow-up. RESULTS: Rotational atherectomy lead to a decrease in maximal area of stenosis from 80+/-32% before intervention to 54+/-21% after RA (p < 0.0001) as a result of a significant decrease in intimal @entity1373 cross-sectional area (CSA). The minimal lumen diameter after RA remained 15+/-4% smaller than the burr diameter used, indicating acute neointimal recoil. Additional angioplasty led to a further decrease in area of stenosis to 38+/-12% due to a significant increase in stent CSA. At six-month angiographic follow-up, recurrent restenosis rate was 45%. Lesion and stent length, preinterventional diameter stenosis and amount of acute neointimal recoil were associated with a higher rate of recurrent restenosis. CONCLUSIONS: Rotational atherectomy of ISR leads to acute @entity1017 by effective plaque removal. Adjunct angioplasty results in additional @entity1017 by further stent expansion and tissue extrusion. Stent and lesion length, severity of ISR and acute neointimal recoil are predictors of recurrent restenosis.

title: Mechanisms of acute @entity1017 and recurrent restenosis after rotational atherectomy of XXXX : a quantitative angiographic and intravascular ultrasound study.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute lumen enlargement']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse in-stent restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['lumen gain']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['diffuse in-stent restenosis']


abstract: AIM: The presence of traumatic angle recession is a risk factor for failure of @entity726 filtration surgery and a previous study has suggested that antimetabolite treatment should be used in these @entity1 . This study was undertaken to determine for the first time the mid term results of trabeculectomy with intraoperative application of @entity1138 in @entity1 with post-traumatic angle recession @entity726 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of 43 consecutive trabeculectomy procedures in 41 young black/mixed race @entity1 followed for a mean period of 25 months (range 2-66 months). @entity1138 0.02% was applied between the sclera and conjunctiva for 1-5 minutes at the time of surgery. The intraocular pressure and visual acuity were measured postoperatively. The success of this technique was analysed by using a Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival curve. RESULTS: The intraocular pressure was successfully controlled at last follow up without topical treatment in 77% (33/43 eyes) and the visual acuity was the same or better in 81% (35/43 eyes). Cumulative probability of success was 85% at 1 year follow up, 81% at 2 years, and 66% at 3 years and thereafter. @entity2421 occurred in one @entity1 and no cases of late @entity281 were found. CONCLUSIONS: In medically uncontrolled post-traumatic angle recession @entity726 trabeculectomy with @entity1138 is an effective surgical procedure with an acceptable complication rate. Good intraocular pressure control and preservation of vision can be expected in most @entity1 .

title: Trabeculectomy with XXXX in the treatment of post-traumatic angle recession @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C', 'Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bleb infection']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotonous maculopathy']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: @entity15066 ( @entity4180 downstream regulated) is upregulated during cell differentiation, repressed by @entity4180 and @entity517 in embryonic cells, and suppressed in several @entity5 cells. A nonsense mutation in the @entity15066 gene has been reported to be causative for @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ), indicating that @entity15066 functions in the peripheral nervous system necessary for axonal survival. Here, we cloned three @entity1 cDNAs encoding @entity16154 (371aa), @entity50487 (375aa) and @entity14973 (339aa), which are homologous to @entity15066 . These three genes, together with @entity15066 , constitute the NDRG gene family. The phylogenetic analysis of the family demonstrated that @entity1 @entity15066 and @entity50487 belong to a subfamily, and @entity16154 and @entity14973 to another. At @entity535 (aa) level, the four members share 53-65% identity. Each of the four proteins contains an alpha/beta hydrolase fold as in @entity1 lysosomal acid lipase. Expression of the fusion proteins @entity16154 /GFP, @entity50487 /GFP and @entity14973 /GFP in COS-7 cells showed that all of them are cytosolic proteins. Based on UniGene cluster analysis, the genes @entity16154 , @entity50487 and @entity14973 are located at chromosome 14q11.1-11.2, 20q12-11.23 and 16q21-22.1, respectively. Northern and dot blot analysis shows that all of the three genes are highly expressed in adult brain and almost not detected in the eight @entity1 @entity5 lines. In addition, in contrast to the relatively ubiquitous expression of @entity15066 , @entity16154 is highly expressed in adult skeletal muscle and brain, @entity50487 highly expressed in brain and testis, and @entity14973 specifically expressed in brain and heart, suggesting that they might display different specific functions in distinct tissues.

title: Characterization and expression of three novel differentiation-related genes belong to the XXXX NDRG gene family.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy-Lom', 'HMSNL']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In a previous clinical study we demonstrated that @entity11797 is effective in the suppression of @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) after single oral doses. This information provided the basis for evaluating this drug's antiarrhythmic efficacy after multiple dose administration according to a loading-maintenance regimen. Twelve @entity1 with stable @entity1540 were given loading doses of @entity11797 (400-600 mg) with maintenance doses every 12 hours. Every 48 hours the dose was increased until either @entity943 suppression to less than 25% of @entity34882 frequency during placebo administration or side effects occurred. Computer analysis of 12-hr telemetric ECGs taken 24-36 hr after each dosage increment documented effective suppression (76-95%) in 8 of 12 @entity1 . Those subjects demonstrating suppression were randomly assigned to a cross-over study of placebo or active drug at the dosage found effective in the dose-ranging phase. Dosages for the cross-over stage ranged from 400 to 1100 mg every 12 hours. Comparison of the two five-day periods documented suppression in these @entity1 (mean +/- SE = 83.3 +/- 4%). No serious side effects or undue drug accumulation occurred during the study. The data indicate that @entity11797 can effectively suppress @entity1540 for 8-12 hours in many @entity1 and that continuous suppression could be possible on an 8-12 hr dosage regimen.

title: Suppression of @entity1540 by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11797 :: ('MESH:D016677', 'Chemical') :: ['tocainide']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['VEDs', 'ventricular ectopic depolarizations']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity11797 :: (MESH:D016677,Chemical) :: ['tocainide']


abstract: The objective of this study was to test whether the @entity146 of the ram affects the ram effect. Rams exhibiting either high ( @entity4306 ) or low (LP) levels of sexual performance (on the basis of serving capacity tests) were exposed to 89 anestrous ewes for 28 d. Thirty-two anestrous ewes were not exposed to rams. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of estrus induction by @entity4306 (n = 4) vs LP (n = 4) rams. Plasma @entity1420 concentration was used as an index of ovarian activity. Groups of ewes were exposed to either an @entity4306 or an LP ram in a .32-ha pasture. Courtship behaviors of rams were recorded for 6 h on the initial day of exposure and for 30-min periods on alternate days thereafter. A greater percentage of ewes exposed to @entity4306 (95%) compared with ewes exposed to LP rams (78%) (P < .02). On the 1st d of exposure, the @entity4306 rams exhibited more courtship behavior and spent more time near the ewes (P < .04). The @entity4306 rams spent more time within 1 m of ewes during the 28-d exposure. There were no differences in the amount of contact with rams (LP or @entity4306 ) between rise in @entity1420 indicate of ovulation tended to occur earlier (P = .06) in ewes penned with @entity4306 rams. A greater percentage of ewes exposed to LP rams (P = .03) had early elevations of @entity1420 with no concurrent @entity146 . These data imply that in addition to a pheromone the @entity146 of the ram may be important in initiating ovarian cycle activity.

title: The behavioral component of the ram effect: the influence of ram XXXX on the induction of estrus in anovulatory ewes.

entities_list: @entity4306 :: ('MESH:C537262', 'Disease') :: ['HP rams ovulated', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sexual behavior']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity560 analogs have generally been recommended for treatment of mineral @entity79 in @entity740 ( @entity740 ). However, the association between this treatment and @entity740 progression has not yet been established. METHODS: We designed a post hoc propensity score-matched cohort analysis derived from 3-year follow-up data of a prospective cohort. Adult @entity1 with pre-dialysis @entity740 stages 4-5 who had newly been prescribed active @entity560 analogs during the observation period were eligible as matched cases. Then, matched controls were extracted from @entity1 who had never been prescribed active @entity560 analogs. The primary outcome was a composite of @entity454 or a 50  % reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A Cox proportional hazards model evaluated the association between the use of @entity560 analogs and the primary outcome. RESULTS: We enrolled 240 @entity1 (males, 65  %). The number of matched cases and controls was 30 and 210, respectively. The primary outcome was observed in 94 @entity1 , whereas 25 @entity1 died. The mean      standard deviation age and eGFR were 69      12  years and 17      5.7  ml/min/1.73  m(2), respectively. In a Cox proportional hazard model, the use of @entity560 analogs was independently associated with a lower risk of the primary outcome (crude hazard ratio 0.41; 95  % confidence interval 0.19, 0.89; adjusted hazard ratio 0.38; 95  % confidence interval 0.17, 0.88). CONCLUSION: The use of @entity560 analogs is independently associated with the preservation of renal function in @entity1 with pre-dialysis @entity740 stages 4-5.

title: The use of @entity560 analogs is independently associated with the favorable renal prognosis in XXXX stages 4-5: the @entity740 -ROUTE study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and @entity1 tolerance of two bowel preparations for colonoscopy. METHODS: Three hundred twenty-three consecutive @entity1 undergoing colonoscopy were randomly assigned to receive either oral @entity10457 , or 2 liters of @entity968 solution preceded by the stimulant laxative @entity15021 . @entity1 were asked to record the effects of the preparation, noting any @entity391 , @entity390 , or @entity490 , and to determine a discomfort rating on a scale of 1 to 5. One hundred sixty-nine @entity1 were assigned to the oral @entity10457 solution, and 154 to @entity968 with @entity15021 . Surgeons were blinded to the preparation used and rated the quality of the bowel preparation on a scale of 1 to 5. RESULTS: Ninety-nine percent of @entity1 in the @entity10457 group drank all of the solution as opposed to 91 percent of @entity1 in the @entity968 with @entity15021 group. @entity1 in the @entity10457 group reported significantly less discomfort (P = 0.002). No significant difference was reported for @entity391 , @entity390 , or @entity490 associated with the preparations. The quality of bowel cleansing was considered by the colonoscopists significantly better for the @entity10457 group than the @entity968 with @entity15021 group (P < 0.000001). CONCLUSIONS: Colonoscopy preparation with @entity10457 solution is better tolerated and more effective than @entity968 with @entity15021 .

title: Oral @entity10457 solution is a superior colonoscopy preparation to XXXX with @entity15021 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity15021 :: ('MESH:D001726', 'Chemical') :: ['bisacodyl']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: Receptors were identified pharmacologically in functional studies where K+ secretion was monitored as transepithelial current (Isc). Further, receptors were identified as transcripts by cloning and sequencing of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products. Isc under control conditions was 796 +/- 15 microA/cm2 (n = 329) in gerbilline VDC and 900 +/- 75 microA/cm2 (n = 6) in @entity19 VDC. @entity1928 (10(-5) m) but not @entity32254 increased Isc by a factor of 1.42 +/- 0.05 (n = 7). 10(-9) m Arg8-vasopressin and 10(-9) m desmopressin had no significant effect in gerbilline and @entity19 VDC. @entity3044 , @entity1063 , @entity1425 and @entity13604 stimulated Isc maximally by a factor of 1.38 +/- 0.04 (n = 7), 1.59 +/- 0.06 (n = 6), 1.64 +/- 0.03 (n = 8) and 1.37 +/- 0.03 (n = 6), respectively. The EC50 values were (1.4 +/- 0.7) x 10(-8) m (n = 36), (2.5 +/- 1.0) x 10(-8) m (n = 31), (1.7 +/- 0.7) x 10(-7) m (n = 36) and (5 +/- 4) x 10(-7) m (n = 32), respectively. @entity1169 inhibited @entity3044 -induced stimulation of Isc. @entity2165 , @entity10342 and @entity14528 inhibited @entity3044 -induced stimulation of Isc with a pKDB of 5.0 x 10(-8) m (pKDB = 7.30 +/- 0.07, n = 38), 4.4 x 10(-8) m (pKDB = 7.36 +/- 0.14, n = 37) and 6.8 x 10(-12) m (pKDB = 11.17 +/- 0.12, n = 37), respectively. RT-PCR of total RNA isolated from microdissected vestibular labyrinth tissue using specific primers revealed products of the predicted sizes for @entity11952 - and @entity8042 -adrenergic receptors but not for beta3-adrenergic receptors. Sequence analysis of the amplified cDNA fragments from gerbilline tissues revealed a 96.4%, 91.5% and 89.6% identity compared to @entity35 @entity11952 -, @entity8042 - and beta3-adrenergic receptors, respectively. These results demonstrate that K+ secretion in VDC is under the control of @entity11952 - but not @entity8042 - or beta3-adrenergic receptors or vasopressin-receptors.

title: XXXX -adrenergic receptors but not @entity8042 -adrenergic or vasopressin receptors regulate K+ secretion in vestibular dark cells of the inner ear.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['Propanolol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity13604 :: ('MESH:D011294', 'Chemical') :: ['prenalterol']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['Atenolol']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['Forskolin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity32254 :: ('MESH:C047983', 'Chemical') :: ['1, 9-dideoxy-forskolin']

answer: @entity11952 :: (15129(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Beta1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4436 can be complicated by a @entity4570 ( @entity4570 ). This phenomenon is relatively uncommon in surgical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic and surgical management of @entity4570 at our medical centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, details of 31 @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity4570 between January 1998 and March 2010 were recorded. These @entity1 records were analysed for presenting symptoms, diagnostic investigations and surgical procedures. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptoms were pneumaturia, @entity293 , @entity490 , and fecaluria. CT identified @entity4570 in 28 @entity1 (92.2%), cystoscopy in 4 @entity1 (23.5%), and barium enema in 3 @entity1 (13.6%). Surgical management was resection of the diseased @entity694 with primary @entity254 in 29 of 31 @entity1 . The bladder fistulae were oversewn and an omental plasty was placed between bowel @entity254 and bladder. There was only one postoperative leak and one case of mortality (3.2%). CONCLUSIONS: CT is the most sensitive test in identifying @entity4570 . Resection of the diseased @entity694 and primary @entity254 seems to be an effective and safe surgical method for treating @entity4570 . This surgical treatment has an acceptable risk for @entity834 and mortality.

title: Management of colovesical fistulae caused by XXXX : 12 years of experience in one medical centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['Diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon segment']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['CVF', 'colovesical fistula']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using the association of @entity6108 with the surfactant @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) for oral decontamination in orthodontic @entity1 . BACKGROUND DATA: The installation of the orthodontic appliances promotes an increase in the retentive area that is available for microbial aggregation and makes difficult the oral health promotion. However, aPDT is one possible approach that is used for the reduction of oral microbial load. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 (n   =   24) were randomly distributed into four groups: Light group: which was treated only with the blue light, no drug; @entity4906 group, which was treated with @entity6108 and blue light; @entity4906   +   S group, which was treated with @entity6108 plus surfactant and irradiated with blue light; and Chlorhex group, which was treated with @entity1216 . The photosensitizer agent was prepared by adding 0.1% of @entity214 to a @entity6108 solution of 1   g/L. Two distinct LED devices emitting blue light (450        10   nm) were used as follows: extra-oral irradiation (200   mW, 80   mW/cm(2), 36   J and 14   J/cm(2)) and intra-oral irradiation (1200   mW, 472   mW/cm(2), 216   J and 85   J/cm(2)).The collection of nonstimulated saliva (n   =   3; 3   mL/collection) was performed at the following steps: (1) immediately before swishing ( @entity6108 , @entity1216 , or water); (2) after swishing; and (3) after performing aPDT treatments. The colony-forming units (CFU) were counted visually, and the values were adjusted to CFU/mL. RESULTS: There was significant Log reduction for @entity4906 (from 6.33        0.92 to 5.78        0.96, p   <   0.05), @entity4906   +   S (from 5.44        0.94 to 3.83        0.71, p   <   0.01), and Chlorhex (from 5.89        0.97 to 2.55        1.80, p   <   0.01) groups. The survival rate was significantly reduced in both @entity4906   +   S and Chlorhex groups compared with all situations (p   <   0.05). However, there was no significant difference between @entity4906   +   S and Chlorhex groups (p   >=    0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that when associated with the surfactant @entity214 , the aPDT can be used as an adjutant and a convenient agent to promote the oral decontamination in clinical practice.

title: Oral Decontamination of Orthodontic @entity1 Using Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Blue-Light Irradiation and XXXX Associated with @entity3208 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

answer: @entity6108 :: (MESH:D003474,Chemical) :: ['Curcumin']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine the ability of a chewing gum containing 5% @entity4388 to @entity2413 and reduce @entity2522 when used as a supplement to daily toothbrushing. The study group consisted of 88 adults with moderate @entity2522 . @entity1 were divided into 4 groups and instructed to chew the study gum 0 (control), 1, 2, or 3 times daily for 1 month in addition to regular daily toothbrushing. Chewing @entity4388 -containing gum significantly (P < .05) reduced plaque after 1 week, with progressively greater reductions occurring after 2 and 4 weeks of gum chewing. No correlation was observed between plaque reduction and the number of times per day that the gum was chewed. By week 4, plaque reduction of approximately 16% was achieved in all groups using the gum as compared with the control group. Reductions in @entity2522 were observed in all @entity1 who chewed the gum, and these reductions achieved statistical significance by week 4. Slightly greater improvements in @entity2522 were achieved in @entity1 who chewed the gum 2 or 3 times daily as compared with the control group and those who chewed the gum once daily. No adverse effects on the oral tissues were observed in any of the @entity1 for the duration of the study. In conclusion, regular use of a chewing gum containing 5% @entity4388 appears safe and effective for the @entity2413 when used in conjunction with daily toothbrushing.

title: An evaluation of XXXX chewing gum in @entity2413 and @entity2522 in conjunction with regular toothbrushing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['remove dental plaque', 'removal of dental plaque and reduction of gingivitis']

answer: @entity4388 :: (MESH:D017693,Chemical) :: ['sodium bicarbonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor @entity1082 ) status has emerged as one of the most powerful prognostic factors for disease control and survival in @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ). We reviewed our experience in @entity1 with @entity957 and known @entity5 HPV status treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS: @entity1 with stage III-IVb @entity957 and known @entity5 HPV status treated with CRT between 2006 and 2011 were identified from an IRB approved registry for this retrospective review. Outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between HPV-positive and negative @entity1 using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Of the 121 pts (89% male, 93% Caucasian) included in this study, median age was 57 (range: 40-73) and median follow-up was 21 months (range: 6-63). Ninety-seven (80%) @entity1 were @entity1083 (20%) were HPV-negative. Primary site was base of tongue (55%), tonsil (44%), and oropharyngeal wall (2%). Two year rates of locoregional recurrence (3% vs. 26%; p   =   0.002), disease free survival (93% vs. 64%; p   =   0.001) and overall survival (94% vs 73%; p   =   0.002) were superior in HPV-positive @entity1 , while rates of distant recurrence were similar (3% vs. 5%; p   =   0.98). While acute @entity137 were similar between both groups, @entity1 with @entity66 were more likely to resume a normal diet (90% vs. 65%; p   =   0.017) at last follow up. Also, no HPV-positive @entity1 required a feeding tube beyond 6 months after treatment, compared with 24% of HPV-negative @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Definitive CRT produces excellent rates of disease control with minimal late @entity137 for @entity1 with HPV-positive @entity957 . Studies of @entity957 should account for @entity5 HPV status when identifying factors prognostic for outcome.

title: @entity957 with known XXXX status treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy: patterns of failure and @entity137 outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-positive disease']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-positive and 24']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OPSCC', 'oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: We studied the early-onset variant of benign @entity302 with @entity7965 (EVBCEOP) proposed by Panayiotopoulos, to confirm whether his five criteria are sufficient to delineate EVBCEOP as a new @entity302 , as well as to predict a good outcome prospectively at the time of the first examination. SUBJECTS: The subjects were 649 @entity1 with @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) observed in our hospital for >4 years. METHODS: We applied the International Classification of Epilepsies and @entity302 Syndromes to the 649 @entity1 and identified @entity1 who had EVBCEOP from among those with nonspecific idiopathic LRE. The inclusion criteria were to satisfy all five criteria and all but one criterion (i.e., either @entity391 or occipital EEG paroxysms). We were blind as to the outcomes and selected @entity1 who satisfied the following three of the five criteria at the time of the first examination, (a) normal development before the onset, (b) @entity302 onset age between 2 and 8 years, and (c) occipital EEG foci. We attempted to determine whether the outcome can be predicted prospectively, and whether the presence or @entity391 affects the prognosis. RESULTS: We identified 19 @entity1 who satisfied all five criteria, 22 who exhibited all but occipital EEG foci, and 21 who exhibited all but @entity391 . The incidence of status convulsivus was higher in those with @entity391 than in those without @entity391 (p < 0.05). Interictal EEG performed every 6 months showed shifting and multiplication of EEG foci in 42 and 52% of all subjects, respectively. We identified 57 @entity1 , 42 (74%) of whom were in remission by age 12 years. The number of @entity1 who experienced remission did not differ significantly between those with (76%, n = 25) and without (72%, n = 32) @entity391 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nosologically, EVBCEOP appears to constitute the earliest form of @entity302 different from classic BCEOP. However, its clinical spectrum, ranging from the @entity391 to a combination of extraoccipital and multifocal EEG foci, is broad, such that further prospective study is expected to reveal the exact prerequisite criteria for determining the border of this @entity302 and for clarifying the clinical spectrum within this syndrome.

title: Study on the early-onset variant of benign XXXX with @entity7965 otherwise described as early-onset benign occipital seizure susceptibility syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['LREs', 'localization-related epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['absence of ictal vomiting', 'ictal vomiting']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['occipital paroxysms']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic syndrome', 'Epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'idiopathic epileptic syndrome', 'childhood epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['childhood epilepsy']


abstract: Clinical manifestations of @entity2631 at the hand include @entity2407 , @entity730 , sclerodactylia and teleangiectasia. With the progression of the disease, @entity2472 , @entity690 , @entity39 of the finger tips, and even extensive digital ulceration are likely to occur. These @entity158 and often rapidly advancing lesions cause @entity393 and, untreated, often lead to mutilation of the affected hand. Only an interdisciplinary management including the hand surgeon, the rheumatologist, and the physiotherapist can guarantee optimal treatment. Drug therapy should be included as well as physical therapy. Both should be made use of before and accompanying surgical treatment. Surgical therapy consists of treatment of the infections, excision of @entity730 , arthrodesis, in particular of the proximal interphalangeal joints, and sympathectomy. Amputation remains a final option, whereas with timely and sufficient treatment, amputations can be avoided and an improvement of function and an alleviation of the symptoms can be achieved. Among the non-operative treatment options, behavioural training, @entity460 antagonists, @entity4770 derivatives, topical nitrates as well as plexus anesthesia and stellatum blocks have proved to be effective. Recent drug therapies include endothelin-receptor antagonists for the prevention of digital ulceration and phosphodiesterase-V antagonists in treatment of @entity2407 and induction of @entity1066 . With reference to several cases seen at our institution, we propose an interdisciplinary treatment concept for acral manifestations of @entity2631 .

title: [Manifestations of XXXX at the hand--options for hand surgery in an interdisciplinary concept].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcinosis cutis', 'calcinosis']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['acro-osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of function and disfigurement']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous and joint contractions']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma']


abstract: Several forms of @entity1897 occur in @entity244 ( @entity735 , mouth and other mucous membranes). Symmetrical sensorimotor @entity305 occurs most frequently followed by @entity16 . Pure sensory neuronopathy, @entity16 and @entity4148 are also common. We report three rare forms of @entity1897 related to @entity244 and analyze their clinical course and response to therapy. There were a case of @entity4216 ( @entity4216 ), a case of @entity7577 ( @entity7577 ) and a case of @entity2646 ( @entity2646 ). The @entity1 were females, 70, 63 and 81 years old respectively. All of them fulfilled the criteria of @entity244 , without clinical or serological @entity66 . Only one @entity1 presented with positive antinuclear antibodies. In two @entity1 the onset of @entity16 occurred before the sicca syndrome long. The sural biopsy of the @entity1 with @entity4216 exhibited vasculitis of the small vessels and a mild @entity305 was superimposed. The @entity1 with @entity7577 had 8 episodes of isolated @entity2895 and 5 episodes of @entity129 . The @entity1 with @entity2646 responded poorly to treatment while in the @entity1 with @entity4216 and CRP the response to corticotherapy was good. In conclusion, @entity244 must be considered in @entity16 of unknown cause not only when they are sensory, autonomic or trigeminal but also when they are recurrent suggesting an @entity63 mechanism. Even a @entity2646 requires a search for @entity244 before being considered idiopathic.

title: [3 cases of rare XXXX associated with primary Gougerot-Sj  gren syndrome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cranial neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy', 'neuropathies', 'neuropathy', 'trigeminal sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'sensory polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['third nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['dryness of eyes']

entities_list: @entity7577 :: ('MESH:C536965', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent cranial polyneuropathy', 'RCP']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2646 :: ('MESH:D020277', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy', 'CIDP']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuropathy multiplex', 'MM']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral neuropathies']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual outcome, primary anatomic success, and @entity231 progression of phakic eyes of @entity1 aged younger than 50  years treated for @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ) with primary pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ). METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study. The data from 53 @entity1713 @entity1 undergoing @entity2286 were analyzed. The time course changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and @entity231 formation were examined. RESULTS: The 53 @entity1 had a mean age of 37.8  years. Forty-eight eyes (90.6  %) achieved anatomic success after the primary surgery. The BCVA improved significantly after surgery (mean      SD -0.091      0.146) when compared with the baseline (mean      SD 0.214      0.597; P  =  0.0001). No @entity1 aged younger than 40  years (mean 32.5  years; range 17-39) developed significant @entity231 or received @entity231 surgery within the first 3  years. Of the @entity1 aged older than 40  years (mean 43.8  years; range 40-49), 22  % developed significant @entity231 and received @entity231 surgery within the first 3  years. A significant difference was found in @entity231 progression between the two groups within the first 3  years (P  =  0.0217), but not over the entire follow-up period (P  =  0.1679). CONCLUSIONS: We found that lens-sparing @entity2286 for @entity1713 in @entity1 aged younger than 50  years had a reasonable success rate, although @entity231 progression was evident during the follow-up period in @entity1 aged older than 40  years.

title: Outcome of primary vitrectomy in phakic @entity1 aged younger than 50  years with rhegmatogenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['RRD', 'rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['lens opacity', 'cataract']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['retinal detachments']


abstract: @entity302 as the most @entity28523 represent unexplored states for prognosis. Clinical trials, conveyed in order to found risk factors still are not consistent in their conclusions. By this research results of all biological, clinical, psychological and social, as well as demographic factors will contribute to opportunity to find variables which could finally prevent these conditions. In this study we tried to evaluate clinical variables which could foresee manifestation of interictal and @entity716 . This research study is epidemiological, clinical, retrospective and analytical. In total 567 @entity1 were included in this study, which belonged to the diagnostic criteria F 0.6 according to ICD-10 classification, among which 14 @entity1 with the diagnosed @entity716 (06,8) were followed. All @entity1 were hospitalized and evaluated at the Psychiatric Clinic in University of Sarajevo Clinics Centre, during time period between 01.01.2000 - 31.08.2006. Within baseline all relevant clinical and demographic variables were evaluated. Among @entity1 most dominant form of behavior was expansive, with emphasized paranoid ideations and perception of @entity2167 . A correlation between @entity130 as an exacerbation factor and @entity1162 is determined, as well as between expression of @entity716 symptoms and forced normalization by antiepileptic medications. Also is proven that among @entity716 more dominant are suicide attempts and @entity146 .

title: XXXX - evaluation of clinical aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epileptic psychoses']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic psychosis', 'psychotic', 'postictal psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged illness']

entities_list: @entity28523 :: ('MESH:C566007', 'Disease') :: ['complex psychopathological phenomena']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['intensive psychological trauma']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epileptic psychoses']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 31-year-old Filipino active duty marine presented with a 2-year history of a waxing and waning nodule on his left cheek that had been incised and drained on multiple occasions. The @entity1 had no significant medical history other than a positive purified protein derivative test with negative chest x- @entity16039 finding treated with a 9-month course of @entity3109 in 2010. He denied cough, fever, chills, night sweats, @entity353 , @entity158 , or prior @entity130 to the area. On initial examination, there was a 1*1-cm erythematous indurated nodule associated with an overlying violaceous scar on his left preauricular cheek. Since the lesion was presumed to be an inflamed @entity4890 , it was initially treated with 0.1 cc of interlesional @entity2995 (10 mg/cc). At 1-month follow-up, the lesion was slightly less indurated, but an excisional biopsy was performed to remove the residual nodule. The biopsy showed an essentially normal epidermis with focal dermal @entity82 below which were multiple collections of histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells surrounded by a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with numerous eosinophils (Figure 1). A few multinucleated giant cells contained large thick-walled spherules, some with endospores, consistent with @entity8662 (Figure 2). Serological tests showed positive serum for C immitis IgG antibodies with low levels of complement-fixing antibodies (1:2). IgM antibodies were negative. Findings from chest x- @entity16039 and bone scan failed to reveal evidence of @entity262 . Although the @entity166 physician felt that the @entity1 most likely had @entity6656 ( @entity6656 ), since the duration of the @entity281 was unknown and the @entity1 was Filipino, thereby increasing his risk of dissemination, he was placed on a daily regimen of 400 mg of oral @entity2380 until his complement fixation titers became undetectable.

title: Primary XXXX Presenting as a Recurrent Preauricular Cyst.

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal cyst']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['joint/bone pain']

entities_list: @entity8662 :: ('5501', 'Species') :: ['Coccidioides immitis']

entities_list: @entity6656 :: ('MESH:D003047', 'Disease') :: ['primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis', 'PCC']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity6656 :: (MESH:D003047,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Coccidioidomycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent right-side @entity712 after operation for @entity3822 ( @entity3822 ) may be caused by incomplete pericardiectomy, recurrent constriction due to @entity3145 , or @entity67 . Because the risks and benefits of reoperation are not well defined, we reviewed the outcome of completion pericardiectomy. METHODS: From 1993 to December 2010, 41 @entity1 underwent redo pericardiectomy. Thirty-eight @entity1 had the initial operation elsewhere, and 3 had first pericardiectomy at our clinic. All @entity1 had the diagnosis of @entity3822 at initial operation. We divided @entity1 into two groups according to the interval between the first and second pericardiectomies: group A, 1 year or less, n = 20; group B, more than 1 year, n = 21. RESULTS: The mean age was 57.6    12.7 years, and there were 34 males (83%). Twenty-six @entity1 (63%) were in New York Heart Association class II, 10 (24%) were in class III, and 5 (12%) were in class IV. Etiologies were idiopathic in 20 (49%), prior cardiac surgery in 13 (32%), radiation in 6 (15%), and @entity130 in 2 (5%). There was no significant difference in @entity1 characteristics between group A and group B. The 30-day and in-hospital mortalities were 7% (n = 3) and 12% (n = 5), respectively. Overall 5-year survival was 49%, and was significantly better in group A than group B (73% versus 29%, p = 0.032). In multivariate analysis, New York Heart Association class III or IV and the interval between operations longer than 1 year were significant risk factors for @entity204 (p = 0.010 and p = 0.027, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The significant early mortality of repeat pericardiectomy emphasizes the importance of complete pericardial resection at first operation and accurate diagnosis of recurrent constriction. The poor clinical outcome of late (more than 1 year) reoperation suggests that many of these @entity1 may have unrecognized @entity67 or recurrent mediastinal scarring as the cause of right-side @entity712 rather than incomplete initial pericardiectomy.

title: Completion pericardiectomy for recurrent XXXX : importance of timing of recurrence on late clinical outcome of operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['exuberant scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity3822 :: (MESH:D010494,Disease) :: ['constrictive pericarditis']


abstract: @entity785 is a multisystem disease characterized by @entity32 and @entity82 of many organs. There are two major subsets, limited cutaneous (the old @entity4067 ) and diffuse @entity2631 . The major difference is the pace of disease. @entity9053 @entity1 often have a long history of Raynaud's phenomenon before other symptoms. They have skin thickening limited to hands and frequently have problems with digital @entity1066 and @entity4423 . Although generally a milder form than @entity7087 , they can have life-threatening complications from small intestine hypomotility and @entity120 . @entity7087 @entity1 have a much more acute onset, with many constitutional symptoms, @entity625 , @entity923 , and marked swelling of hands and legs. They get widespread skin thickening, progressing from their fingers to their trunk. Internal organ problems, including @entity3794 , are common, but severe life-threatening involvement of the heart and kidneys occurs. Understanding the type of disease that occurs in these two subsets will enable the physician to anticipate problems, aggressively treat those that can be treated, and give the @entity1 a better understanding of their disease.

title: Clinical manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9053 :: ('MESH:D045745', 'Disease') :: ['Limited scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity4067 :: ('MESH:D017675', 'Disease') :: ['CREST syndrome']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse scleroderma', 'diffuse scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the @entity4788 subtypes with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) in the Wuhan population of China. We selected 317 @entity1530 -positive individuals (145 controls and 172 @entity1 with @entity1691 ). The @entity4788 subtypes were characterized using a PCR-SSP method. Six @entity4788 subtypes were determined: B*2702, 03, 04, 05, 06 and B*13. @entity1530 *2704 and @entity1530 *2705 were the two high frequency genotypes in controls and @entity1 . Compared with the controls, the @entity1691 @entity1 had high frequency of B*2704 ( @entity1 69.2% vs. controls 53.8%) and low frequency of B*2705 ( @entity1 23.8% vs. controls 33.1%). B*2703 was detected in 10 (5.8%) @entity1 and in 13 (8.9%) controls. B*2702, 06 and B*2713 were relatively rare. Our results show that the allele conferring risk to @entity1691 in the Wuhan population of China was B*2704 and B*2705. B*2704 is strongly associated with @entity1691 .

title: The association of @entity1530 *27 subtypes with XXXX in Wuhan population of China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: Aqueous solutions of @entity4313 are interesting because of their anomalous behavior that is believed to be due to the molecular structuring of water and @entity167 around each other in solution. The interfacial structuring and properties are significant for application in @entity167 purification processes and biomolecular structure. Here we study aqueous mixtures of short @entity4313 ( @entity1042 , @entity1068 , @entity20856 , and @entity5723 ) at a hydrophobic surface using interfacial statistical associating fluid theory which is a perturbation density functional theory. The addition of a small amount of @entity167 decreases the interfacial tension of water drastically. This trend in interfacial tension can be explained by the structure of water and @entity167 next to the surface. The hydrophobic group of an added @entity167 preferentially goes to the surface preserving the structure of water in the bulk. For a given bulk @entity167 concentration, water mixed with the different @entity4313 has different interfacial tensions with @entity20856 having a lower interfacial tension than @entity1042 and @entity1068 . @entity5723 is not as effective in decreasing the interfacial tension as @entity20856 because it partitions poorly to the surface due to its larger excluded volume. But for a given surface @entity167 mole fraction, all the @entity167 mixtures give similar values for interfacial tension. For separation of @entity167 from water, methods that take advantage of the high surface mole fraction of @entity167 have advantages compared to separation using the vapor in equilibrium with a water- @entity167 liquid.

title: Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions in aqueous mixtures of XXXX at a hydrophobic surface.

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity20856 :: ('MESH:D000433', 'Chemical') :: ['propanol', '1-propanol']

answer: @entity4313 :: (MESH:D000438,Chemical) :: ['alcohols']


abstract: The clinical response to @entity2812 has been evaluated in a group of 63 drug resistant @entity302 @entity1 in an open add-on trial. A negative response was observed in 30 subjects. In 11 @entity1 , after an initial improvement lasting a mean period of 8 months, @entity410 recurred with the same frequency present before the beginning of the treatment. Twenty-two @entity1 responded to @entity2812 treatment. Period of observation in the responsive group ranged from 1 year to 3 years. Response was complete in 16 @entity1 and in the other 6 a 50% to 90% decrease of @entity410 was obtained. A complete normalization of the electroencephalogram (EEG) was registered in 10 cases after a mean period of 5 months of therapy. Side effects were mild and limited to 12 @entity1 . Improvement was obtained in social and academic performance. Writing ability improved in one case. @entity2812 can be considered a useful drug in the therapeutic armamentarium for childhood drug resistant @entity302 .

title: @entity2812 treatment in childhood drug resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['Lamotrigine', 'lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']