abstract: Cortical @entity1173 were made of the dorsomedial prefrontal sector in the @entity2608 and the resultant anterograde and @entity10747 plotted. Retrograde changes were mapped using both @entity10371 and modified Fink-Heimer techniques. Following large dorsomedial lesions, small numbers of degenerating fibers were traced through the medial part of the magnocellular ventral anterior nucleus (VAmc) and the ventral part of the internal medullary lamina surrounding the anterior nuclei. Degenerating fibers were also traced medially through the inferior thalamic peduncle and rostrodorsally through the basal thalamic region into the mediodorsal nucleus. All pathways converged on areas in the dorsal part of the parvocellular mediodorsal nucleus (MDpc) containing fine-grain dust and argyrophilic neurons, reactions usually associated with retrograde degenerative changes. Sparse fiber degeneration was also noted in the ventral part of the magnocellular mediodorsal nucleus (MDmc). After a longer survival period, slight to moderate cell loss and @entity5219 were seen in MDpc along with an increase in the number of degenerating fibers passing through the medial part of VAmc. Rostral dorsomedial lesions resulted in small numbers of degenerating fibers in the medial part of VAmc; no degenerating fibers appeared in the basal thalamic region. Fine-grain dust was noted in the dorsal part of MDpc along with sparse @entity528 in the dorsal and ventral parts of MDpc and MDmc respectively. Following caudal dorsomedial lesions, fiber degeneration was traced through the medial part of VAmc and through the inferior thalamic peduncle and basal thalamic regions to areas of degenerating preterminals in the dorsal part of MDpc. Sparse fiber degeneration was also noted in MDmc. No evidence of cell loss and @entity5219 or increased numbers of degenerated fibers was noted following longer survival periods. @entity2694 resulted in large areas of fine-grain dust, argyrophilic neurons, and severe cell loss in MDpc and MDmc respectively. A large combined dorsolateral and orbital lesion made 32 days prior to sacrifice of the animal resulted in coarse fiber degeneration in the medial part of VAmc and in the anterior nuclear capsule. Severe cell loss and fiber degeneration were evident in the entire @entity601 . These results suggest that the rostral dorsomedial prefrontal sector receives projections from MDpc while the caudal sector does not. This projection courses dorsally and rostrally through the ventral part of the capsule surrounding the anterior nuclei and into the medial part of VAmc. The entire dorsomedial sector projects sparsely to both MDpc and MDmc. The projection from the rostral medial surface passes through the medial part of VAmc while that from the caudal surface reaches @entity601 both by the dorsal approach through VAmc and through a ventral approach via the inferior thalamic peduncle and the basal thalamic region.

title: Thalamic projections of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in the @entity2608 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde degeneration']

entities_list: @entity10371 :: ('MESH:C028911', 'Chemical') :: ['cresyl violet']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['Dorsolateral and orbital lesions']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['preterminal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspirations']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Macaca mulatta']


abstract: Mutations in the genes @entity3492 and @entity4700 , which encode the proteins @entity3492 ( @entity3492 ) and @entity4700 ( @entity4700 ), have been linked to nonsyndromic @entity2319 in @entity1 . These proteins may form so-called gap junctions (GJ) or transcellular pathways between cells. The pathogenesis of @entity2319 due to GJ Connexin mutations remains unclear partly because examinations performed in the @entity1 ear are infrequent. Here we analysed the expression and distribution of @entity3492 and @entity4700 in five fresh normal @entity1 cochleae taken out at occasional surgery. Immunohistochemistry including confocal microscopy in decalcified specimen showed that these proteins are widely expressed in the @entity1 cochlea. In the lateral wall there was strong antibody co-labeling for @entity3492 and @entity4700 that support the existence of channels comprising heteromeric @entity28616 connexons. In the organ of Corti there were some co-labeling in the supporting cell area including mainly the Claudius cells and Deiter cells of these two Cxs, apart from isolated @entity3492 and @entity4700 labeling in the same area, suggestive of both homomeric/homotypic pattern and hybrid pattern (heteromeric or heterotypic). @entity4700 , @entity3492 and @entity28617 ( @entity28617 ) immunoreactivity was also associated with @entity528 , the latter being a gap junction protein specific to neurons. Gap-junction-based electrical synapses are not known to occur in @entity1 auditory system other than in bats where they may play a role for fast electrical nerve transmission useful for echolocation. Their potential role in the processing of @entity1 auditory nerve signaling as well as non-GJ roles of the connexins in @entity1 cochlea is discussed.

title: Unique expression of connexins in the XXXX cochlea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['deafness', 'prelingual deafness']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion type I neurons']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Vascular peroxidase 1 (VPO1) can utilize reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generated from @entity1110 oxidase (NOX) to catalyze peroxidative reactions. This study was performed to identify a novel pathway of NOX/VPO1 in mediating the oxidative injury following @entity741 reperfusion (IR). In a @entity35 model of myocardial IR, the @entity1188 size, serum @entity908 kinase (CK) activity, apoptosis, NOX activity, @entity8562 and VPO1 expression were measured. In a cell ( @entity35 heart-derived H9c2 cells) model of @entity519 /reoxygenation (HR), the apoptosis, NOX activity, @entity8562 and VPO1 expression, and @entity274 and @entity9785 levels were examined. In vivo, IR caused 54.8    1.7 % @entity1188 size in myocardium accompanied by elevated activities of CK, @entity4124 and NOX, up-regulated VPO1 expression and high numbers of myocardial apoptotic cells; these effects were attenuated by pretreatment with the inhibitor of NOX. In vitro, inhibition of NOX or silencing of @entity8562 or VPO1 expression significantly suppressed HR-induced cellular apoptosis concomitantly with decreased @entity9785 production. Inhibition of NOX or silencing of @entity8562 led to a decrease in @entity274 production accompanied by a decrease in VPO1 expression and @entity9785 production. However, silencing of VPO1 expression did not affect @entity8562 expression and @entity274 production. @entity274 -induced VPO1 expression was partially reversed by JNK or p38 MAPK inhibitor. Our results demonstrate a novel pathway of @entity8562 /VPO1 in myocardium, where VPO1 coordinates with @entity8562 and amplifies the role of NOX-derived ROS in oxidative injury following IR.

title: A novel pathway of XXXX oxidase/vascular peroxidase 1 in mediating oxidative injury following ischemia-reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that combination of lipid formulation of @entity2379 ( @entity19095 ) and @entity5626 may have a synergistic or additive effect against Aspergillus. Furthermore, clinical studies suggested that this combination may improve response of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Between August 1993 and June 2008, the authors identified a total of 159 @entity1 with @entity1583 who received salvage therapy for @entity3 , with @entity19095 alone, @entity5626 alone, or a combination of @entity19095 and @entity5626 . Clinical characteristics, response to salvage therapy, and @entity204 up to 12 weeks after initiation of salvage therapy were retrospectively determined for all @entity1 . RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 received salvage therapy with @entity19095 , 18 @entity1 received @entity5626 alone (89% of whom received @entity11794 ), and 71 @entity1 received the combination therapy of @entity2379 and @entity5626 (90% of who received @entity11794 ). The 3 salvage treatment groups were comparable in regard to clinical characteristics; graft versus host disease was more frequently encountered in the @entity5637 group, whereas more @entity1 in the @entity19095 and combination groups had @entity1398 and received immunotherapy. The response to salvage therapy was better in the @entity5637 group (9% @entity19095 , 28% @entity5626 , and 21% for combination therapy). The 3 groups had a comparable rate of Aspergillus-related @entity204 (58%-64%) and overall mortality (61%-67%). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity19095 and @entity5626 offered no advantage in terms of improving response or reducing mortality over either drug alone. Hence, this combination will only add to the cost of therapy without any improvement in outcome in @entity1 with @entity1583 .

title: Does combination of lipid formulation of @entity2379 and @entity5626 improve outcome of XXXX in @entity1583 @entity1 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5637 :: ('CHEBI:57248', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis', 'IA']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive aspergillosis']


abstract: Thirty-two autopsied cases of progressive @entity17502 are reviewed. The typical clinical course is intractable @entity410 and @entity1578 following a period of developmental delay and @entity177 to thrive in early infancy, but some @entity1 first present with @entity410 . Characteristic changes on the electroencephalogram, loss of visual-evoked potentials, occipital @entity194 on computed tomographic scan, and particular changes on liver biopsy may assist diagnosis. Most @entity1 succumb in less than 3 years, but some have a protracted survival into their teens, and very rarely they may present in early adulthood. Liver pathology comprises @entity1560 , hepatocyte loss, bile duct proliferation, @entity82 , and often @entity82 . Gradual progression can be followed in sequential biopsies. Macroscopically, the cerebral cortex is variably involved, but usually there is patchy thinning and discoloration, with a striking predilection for the striate cortex. Microscopic changes include spongiosis, @entity528 , and @entity5219 , which progresses down through the cortical layers. All areas may be affected but the calcarine cortex is usually most affected. Etiology is still obscure, though mitochondrial and slow @entity1800 have been postulated.

title: Progressive XXXX (Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome): a personal review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty change']

entities_list: @entity17502 :: ('MESH:D002549', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration of childhood with liver disease']

entities_list: @entity5219 :: ('MESH:D005911', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral disorders']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity17502 :: (MESH:D002549,Disease) :: ['neuronal degeneration of childhood with liver disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2411 is characterized by chronic @entity158 caused by sexual intercourse and often results in female @entity250 . Because the causes of @entity2411 are not clear, many @entity1 do not receive optimal treatment. Recently, @entity2682 and botulinum toxin A have both been shown to be effective treatments for @entity2411 . In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of botulinum toxin A and @entity2682 treatment for @entity1118 in @entity1 with this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-three @entity1 with @entity158 were administered either @entity2682 (n=62) or botulinum toxin A (n=11) injections. Effectiveness was measured by use of a visual analogue scale (VAS). We analyzed the treatment method, treatment duration, success of treatment, and side effects or adverse reactions. RESULTS: Pain levels in both groups significantly decreased after treatment. In the @entity2682 group, the VAS score decreased from 8.6 before treatment to 3.2 after treatment (p<0.001). The VAS score in the botulinum toxin A group was reduced from 8.1 to 2.5 (p<0.001). Side effects for both therapies were few and subsided with treatment with general antibiotics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2682 and botulinum toxin A are safe and effective treatments for @entity2411 . This condition can cause @entity250 and affect quality of life. However, with proper management, satisfactory outcomes for @entity1 with @entity2411 can be achieved.

title: A retrospective study of the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity2411 :: ('MESH:D056650', 'Disease') :: ['Vulvodynia', 'vulvodynia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity2411 :: (MESH:D056650,Disease) :: ['vulvodynia']


abstract: Right ventricular (RV) @entity63 occurs in 50% of @entity1 with @entity4156 , and may result in severe hemodynamic compromise associated with poor clinical outcome. Right coronary artery occlusion proximal to the RV branches results in RV @entity299 , which decreases transpulmonary delivery of left ventricular (LV) preload and diminishes cardiac output. The ischemic right ventricle is stiff, dilated, and volume dependent, resulting in pandiastolic @entity67 . Under these conditions, RV pressure generation and output depend on LV-septal contractile contributions. When the culprit coronary lesion is distal to the @entity4032 ( @entity4032 ) branches, augmented @entity4032 contractility enhances RV performance and optimizes cardiac output. Conversely, more proximal occlusions result in @entity308 of @entity4032 contractility, which impairs RV filling and performance, leading to more severe hemodynamic compromise. @entity1168 limit the output generated by the rate-dependent noncompliant ventricles. @entity1 with @entity63 and hemodynamic compromise often respond to volume resuscitation and restoration of a physiologic rhythm. In some @entity1 , parenteral inotropic stimulation may be required. The ischemic right ventricle appears to be relatively resistant to @entity1188 and has a remarkable ability to recover. The term RV @entity1188 appears to be a misnomer, as RV performance improves spontaneously even in the absence of reperfusion. Reperfusion, however, enhances the recovery of RV performance and improves the clinical course.

title: Pathophysiology and clinical management of right heart XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['RV ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity4156 :: ('MESH:D056989', 'Disease') :: ['acute inferior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['RA', 'right atrial']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Sixty-two @entity134 -dependent @entity748 who had not received any form of treatment to prevent @entity604 were studied during a 12-month period. @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty-one @entity1 were treated with 1 g of elemental @entity460 taken daily plus 100 IU of salmon @entity175 every other day, administered subcutaneously; the remaining 31 @entity1 received only @entity460 supplementation. In the @entity175 group, 11 @entity1 dropped out of the study because of severe side effects (seven @entity1 ), lack of compliance (three @entity1 ), and exacerbation of @entity565 (one @entity1 ). The 20 @entity1 who completed the 12-month follow-up period were analyzed and compared with 20 sex-matched @entity1 from the control group. At one year, @entity79 ( @entity79 ) had increased in the @entity175 group by a mean of 4% (p less than or equal to 0.001), whereas in the control group @entity79 had decreased by 2.5% (p less than or equal to 0.05). Parameters of bone remodeling (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) decreased significantly in the @entity175 -treated group but not in the control group. Our findings show that @entity175 100 IU, given three times/wk, is an effective drug in the treatment of @entity134 -induced @entity2331 . Side effects, however, are frequent and cause a high degree of dropout from therapy. These findings suggest that further studies should be carried out with lower doses of @entity175 or by other better tolerated forms of delivery such as in a nasal spray.

title: Treatment of @entity134 -induced @entity2331 with XXXX in corticosteroid-dependent @entity565 . A one-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity175 :: (MESH:D002116,Chemical) :: ['calcitonin']


abstract: We previously demonstrated findings suggestive of autologous GVHD in @entity1 receiving @entity1199 -activated peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) with @entity1199 after transplantation. A pilot study was designed to test tolerability, feasibility and frequency of autologous GVHD and engraftment using @entity1199 and alpha-IFN post-transplantation. After @entity786 (6 g/m2) and @entity3003 (1800 mg/m2), @entity1 with high-risk stage II or III @entity0 received chemotherapy and rhG-CSF mobilized autologous PBSC that had been cultured in @entity1199 for 24 h. Subcutaneous administration of @entity1199 began on day 0 at 6 x 10(5) IU/m2/day for 5 of 7 days each week and continued for 4 weeks. Once engraftment occurred, alpha-IFN was initiated at a dose of 1 x 10(6)/m2/day subcutaneously for 30 days. Thirty-four consecutive @entity1 with stage II (n=20), IIIA (n=6) and IIIB (n=8) disease were treated. All @entity1 were without evidence of disease at the time of transplantation. The average time required for the ANC to reach 500/mm3 was 10 days (range: 8-11 days) and for platelets to reach 20000/mm3 was 10.7 days (range: 6-21 days). Forty-seven percent of @entity1 (n=16) completed the full course of immunotherapy; the remaining @entity1 received attenuated doses due to @entity1 's request (n=6), development of temperature >38 degrees C (n=3), development of @entity1398 (n=3), serious @entity281 (n=1) and miscellaneous reasons (n=5). Four @entity1 experienced transient moderate @entity137 (level 3) including elevated liver function tests, @entity390 , @entity1910 and @entity2478 . Pathological findings suggestive of skin GVHD developed in 43% of @entity1 (12/28 @entity1 ) when skin biopsies were evaluated in a blinded fashion. At 13 months post-transplant (median; range: 5-24 months), 28 @entity1 (82%) remain disease-free. These results demonstrate the feasibility and @entity137 of this regimen along with pathological findings compatible with autologous GVHD of the skin.

title: Immunotherapy with @entity1199 and alpha-interferon after XXXX -activated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary leak syndrome']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: @entity6962 of the larynx is uncommon. When it does occur; its clinical features resemble those of @entity189 , and its biologic behavior is similar to that of @entity361 . We describe 2 cases of @entity6962 of the glottis. The @entity5 were staged as T3N0M0 and T2N0M0. Both @entity1 were treated with supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy. Eight months postoperatively, 1 of the 2 @entity1 experienced a recurrence of the @entity5 , and he underwent a total laryngectomy. The other @entity1 remained free of disease at 12 months of follow-up. We conclude that supracricoid partial laryngectomy may be offered as an organ-preserving measure even in @entity1 with @entity66 ; total laryngectomy can be held in reserve as a rescue measure. @entity1 must be closely monitored for early detection of recurrence. The role of adjuvant therapy for @entity5 in this area has not yet been clearly established.

title: Supracricoid partial laryngectomy as a primary treatment for XXXX of the larynx.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatous component of the tumor', 'sarcomatous neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesenchymal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma', 'Carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity6962 :: (MESH:D002296,Disease) :: ['carcinosarcoma']


abstract: The canalicular plasma membrane is constantly exposed to @entity3645 acting as detergents. @entity3645 are essential to mediate release of biliary lipids from the canalicular membrane. Membrane microdomains (previously called lipid rafts) are biochemically defined by their resistance to detergent solubilization at cold temperature. We aimed to investigate the canalicular plasma membrane for the presence of microdomains, which could protect this membrane against the detergent action of @entity3645 . Highly purified @entity35 liver canalicular plasma membrane vesicles were extracted with 1% @entity6000 or 1% @entity17321 WX at 4 degrees C and subjected to flotation through sucrose step gradients. Both detergents yielded detergent-resistant membranes containing the microdomain markers alkaline phosphatase and @entity4291 . However, @entity165 was resistant to @entity17321 WX solubilization, whereas it was only marginally resistant to solubilization by @entity6000 . The microdomain marker caveolin-1 was localized to the canalicular plasma membrane domain and was resistant to @entity17321 WX, but to a large extent solubilized by @entity6000 . The two additional microdomain markers, @entity27910 and @entity27911 , were localized to the basolateral and canalicular plasma membrane and were partially resistant to @entity17321 WX but resistant to @entity6000 . The canalicular transporters @entity6741 export pump, @entity27912 , and @entity27913 were largely resistant to @entity17321 WX but were solubilized by @entity6000 . CONCLUSION: These results indicate the presence of two different types of microdomains in the canalicular plasma membrane: " @entity17321 -microdomains" and "Triton-microdomains". " @entity17321 -microdomains" contain the machinery for canalicular bile formation and may be the starting place for canalicular lipid secretion.

title: ABC-transporters are localized in caveolin-1-positive and XXXX -negative and @entity27911 -negative microdomains of the canalicular membrane in @entity35 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt']

entities_list: @entity27912 :: ('24891;25303', 'Gene') :: ['multidrug resistance protein 2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids', 'bile acids']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity27910 :: (83764(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['reggie-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) is frequently observed in @entity1 with @entity454 and renal allograft recipients, and is an independent and strong predictor of morbidity and mortality. Presence of a patent @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) after renal transplantation may contribute to the persistent @entity4346 . We investigated the clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings in @entity1 with renal transplants with or without @entity2548 . METHODS: A total of 130 renal transplant recipients were included in this study: 60 hemodialysis @entity1 whose @entity292 were still functional, 49 hemodialysis @entity1 whose @entity292 were spontaneous stopped or closed, and 21 peritoneal dialysis @entity1 who had never had @entity292 created. Laboratory parameters were measured and echocardiographic measurements were performed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences regarding smoking status, blood pressures, or NT-proBNP, hs-CRP, iPTH, and TSH levels between the study groups. Left atrial, right atrial diameters, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter, left ventricle end-systolic diameter, @entity22286 ( @entity22286 ), left ventricle mass index (LVMI), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and ejection fraction were similar in the three groups. In correlation analysis, PAP was significantly correlated with serum @entity414 and NT-proBNP levels. Also, there were positive and moderate correlations between the serum @entity414 and the @entity22286 . CONCLUSION: Patent AVFs have not affected @entity65 such as @entity4346 and LV mass index in @entity1 with renal transplant. @entity5052 may be associated with increased @entity2786 and high LVMI.

title: Effects of XXXX on clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic findings in renal allograft recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity22286 :: ('MESH:C563239', 'Disease') :: ['interventricular septum thickness', 'IVST']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to prospectively evaluate the incremental diagnostic value of combined dual-source coronary CT angiography (CTA) and CT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for the detection of significant coronary stenoses. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with known @entity453 detected by dual-source coronary CTA were investigated by @entity859 -induced stress dual-source CTA and conventional coronary angiography. Analysis was performed in three steps: classification of @entity3979 severity using dual-source coronary CTA, identification of myocardial perfusion defects using rest and stress CT MPI, and reclassification of @entity3979 severity according to combined dual-source coronary CTA and CT MPI. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) of dual-source coronary CTA before and after CT MPI were calculated on a per-vessel basis compared with conventional coronary angiography as the standard of reference. RESULTS: Dual-source coronary CTA revealed 87 significantly stenotic vessels in 45 @entity1 . Conventional coronary angiography revealed significant stenoses in 73 vessels in 42 @entity1 . CT MPI showed myocardial perfusion defects in 81 vessel territories in 43 @entity1 . After the CT MPI analysis, dual-source coronary CTA identified significant stenoses in 77 coronary vessels in 42 @entity1 . Sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV of the dual-source coronary CTA on a per-vessel basis before CT MPI were 91.8%, 67.7%, 73.6%, and 87.5%, respectively, and after CT MPI were 93.2%, 85.5%, 88.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased significantly from 0.798 to 0.893 (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Combined dual-source coronary CTA and CT MPI provides incremental diagnostic value compared with dual-source coronary CTA alone for the detection of significant coronary stenoses.

title: Diagnostic performance of combined noninvasive anatomic and functional assessment with dual-source CT and XXXX -induced stress dual-energy CT for detection of significant @entity3979 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is a high-grade central nervous system @entity5 and despite aggressive treatment strategies, @entity463 @entity1 have a median survival time of just 1 year. @entity503 (CQ), an antimalarial lysosomotropic agent, has been identified as a potential adjuvant in the treatment regimen of GBMs. However, the mechanism of CQ-induced @entity5 cell @entity204 is poorly defined. We and others have shown that CQ-mediated cell @entity204 may be @entity876 -dependent and at least in part due to the intrinsic apoptotic @entity204 pathway. Here, we investigated the effects of CQ on 5 established @entity1 @entity463 lines, differing in their @entity876 gene status. CQ was found to induce a concentration-dependent @entity204 in each of these cell lines. Although CQ treatment increased caspase-3-like enzymatic activity in all 5 cell lines, a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor did not significantly attenuate @entity204 . Moreover, CQ caused an accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in all cell lines and was found to affect the levels and subcellular distribution of @entity10815 , suggesting that altered lysosomal function may also play a role in CQ-induced cell @entity204 . Thus, CQ can induce @entity876 -independent @entity204 in @entity11 that do not require caspase-mediated apoptosis. To potentially identify more potent chemotherapeutics, various CQ derivatives and lysosomotropic compounds were tested on the @entity463 cells. @entity3543 and @entity8775 were found to be more potent than CQ in killing @entity463 cells in vitro and given their superior blood-brain barrier penetration compared with CQ may prove more efficacious as chemotherapeutic agents for @entity463 @entity1 .

title: @entity503 -induced autophagic vacuole accumulation and cell @entity204 in XXXX cells is @entity876 independent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinacrine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: 1. Sixty-four male @entity35 were fed on a nutritionally complete diet containing 30% of the dietary energy as fat. For thirty-two @entity35 (control) the fat source was @entity2829 oil; for the remaining thirty-two @entity35 (experimental) the fat source was @entity36048 - @entity2829 oil (7:3, w/w). 2. After 6 weeks, groups of control and experimental @entity35 were fasted and killed on days 0, 1, 2, and 4 of the fasting period. In the experimental group, adipose-tissue @entity1718 contained, on average, 246 mmol @entity36049 /mol total @entity1718 . In contrast, the adipose tissue of the control group did not contain odd- @entity505 -number @entity1718 . 3. Plasma @entity413 levels were significantly higher for all fasted experimental groups and blood @entity6178 levels were significantly lower for these groups. 4. Thus, during prolonged starvation, animals which accumulated odd-C-number @entity1718 resisted the development of @entity1270 . It appeared that odd-C-number @entity1718 mobilized from fat depots during fasting may provide their terminal three-C-residues for gluconeogenesis rather than for @entity6625 production, thereby allowing for better maintenance of blood @entity413 and insulin levels than in control animals. 5. It is concluded that the lower @entity6625 production and higher blood insulin levels reduce ketogenesis.

title: Resistance to XXXX during prolonged fasting by @entity35 fed on a diet containing @entity36049 , an odd- @entity505 -number fatty acid.

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity36048 :: ('MESH:C009598', 'Chemical') :: ['triundecanoin']

entities_list: @entity36049 :: ('MESH:C016173', 'Chemical') :: ['undecanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1270 :: (MESH:D007662,Disease) :: ['ketosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is strong evidence that @entity5845 is often accompanied by @entity354 . @entity354 is caused predominantly by transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs). Only few data are available about TLESRs in @entity1 with @entity5 (body mass index > 35). The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and types of TLESRs in @entity1 with @entity5845 in different physiological stages (postprandial: upright and recumband) compared to @entity1 with normal weight @entity354 ( @entity354 ) and @entity2473 ( @entity2473 ). METHODS: In order to measure TLESRs in @entity28 @entity1 with and without @entity354 , three subgroups were prospectively performed: group I consisted of seven healthy controls, group II consisted of seven @entity28 @entity1 , group III consisted of seven @entity28 @entity1 with @entity354 , and in group IV, five @entity1 were recruited with @entity9237 . All @entity1 underwent both conventional water-perfused stationary esophagus manometry and a 24-h ambulatory esophagus manometry, 24-h ambulatory pH monitoring, and esophago-gastroscopy. In order to measure the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) over a prolonged time under physiological conditions, a special solid-state sleeve catheter was used. Additionally, all @entity1 were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Compared to normal subjects, @entity1 with @entity5845 and @entity1 with @entity354 show a substantial increase of TLESRs in the postprandial phase. There was a tendency towards more TLESRs per hour in @entity1 with @entity2473 than in healthy subjects, but the difference was not statistically significant. The types of TLESRs differed with the LESP. The majority of isolated TLESRs were complete and incomplete. Some of the isolated TLESRs were accompanied by contractions of the tubular esophagus. CONCLUSION: Morbid @entity28 is associated with @entity354 . The frequency of TLESRs has significantly increased compared to healthy subjects and does not differ statistically from @entity1 with @entity354 . Isolated TLESRs are mostly incomplete in @entity1 with a @entity2421 LES.

title: Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese', 'non-obese']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III obesity']

entities_list: @entity9237 :: ('MESH:D015155', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse esophageal spasm']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse esophagus spasm', 'DES']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'Gastroesophageal reflux', 'GERD']

answer: @entity5845 :: (MESH:D009767,Disease) :: ['morbid obesity']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) has been proposed to function as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the lower urinary tract. This study investigates the distribution of NO-containing neurons and its changes following @entity11044 in the @entity840 . By using @entity1110 diaphorase ( @entity1110 -d) histochemistry and @entity29984 ( @entity29984 ) immunohistochemistry, the highest frequency of NO-containing neurons was observed in the bladder base. Double labelling studies showed that 70.9% of @entity1110 -d reactive neurons co-expressed @entity29984 immunoreactivity. Acetylcholinesterase reactivity was present in the majority of the intramural neurons with 54% of them expressed @entity29984 immunoreactivity. @entity1110 -d reactivity was colocalized with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P immunoreactivities in both neurons and fibres. Colocalization study also revealed that @entity1110 -d reactive neurons formed a distinct cell population from @entity669 hydroxylase positive neurons. At 12 hours after @entity11044 , @entity1110 -d reactivity in the intramural ganglion cells was noticeably enhanced and this was sustained till 24 hours whence some intensely stained neurons appeared to undergo degenerative changes. @entity528 was more drastic at 48 hours so that the number of @entity1110 -d positive neurons was significantly reduced. The present study suggests that NO is an important neurotransmitter in the urinary bladder and that it may be involved in the relaxation activity in the bladder base during micturition. It is speculated that the increased @entity1110 -d reactivity in intramural ganglion cells elicited by @entity11044 may be responsible for the cell death. It is suggested that the resulting cell loss or bladder denervation may account for the urinary dysfunction such as frequency and urgency of micturition in @entity1 with @entity11044 .

title: XXXX synthase--its distribution and alteration in the intramural ganglia of the urinary bladder in normal and urethra-obstructed @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'NADPH']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Neuronal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity11044 :: ('MESH:D014524', 'Disease') :: ['urethral obstruction']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate @entity146 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 and to assess their relation with other clinical aspects of @entity191 . @entity716 ( @entity716 ) and @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) as well as other nonmotor and motor features were evaluated in 353 @entity191 @entity1 . @entity716 and compulsive symptom scores did not correlate significantly. @entity716 occurred in 65% of @entity1 , with item frequencies ranging from 10% ( @entity10963 ) to 55% (altered dream phenomena). Regression analysis showed that autonomic impairment accounted for 20% of the 32% explained variance of @entity716 , whereas @entity73 , @entity308 , @entity25 , and @entity935 agonist (DA) dose explained the rest. @entity3119 occurred in 19%, with item frequencies of 10% for both sexual preoccupation and @entity3119 . @entity1 with more severe @entity3119 (score > or = 2 on one or both items) were significantly more often @entity1 , had a younger age at onset, a higher DA dose and experienced more motor fluctuations compared to the other @entity1 . @entity716 and @entity3119 are common but unrelated @entity146 in @entity191 . The relations found between @entity716 and @entity73 , @entity308 , @entity25 , and autonomic impairment suggests a resemblance with @entity303 with Lewy Bodies. The prominent association between @entity716 and autonomic impairment may be explained by a shared underlying mechanism. Our results confirm previous reports on the profile of @entity1 developing @entity3119 , and mechanisms underlying motor fluctuations may also play a role in the development of @entity3119 in @entity191 .

title: @entity716 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive problems']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid ideation']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['Psychotic symptoms', 'PS', 'Psychotic']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['compulsive shopping/gambling', 'compulsive symptoms', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: @entity21228 ( @entity21228 ) are membrane bound glycoproteins which function to mediate cellular uptake of @entity68 from @entity2594 . We examined expression of @entity21228 in the pineal gland of @entity35 of different ages from 1 day to 12 weeks. The mRNA and protein expression of @entity21228 increased up to 6 weeks of age and decreased in 12 week @entity35 . @entity21228 immunoreactivity was observed on pinealocytes and macrophages/microglia. By immunoelectron microscopy, the immunoreaction in pinealocytes was observed in the cytosol, on mitochondria and plasma membrane whereas in macrophages/microglia it was localized on the plasma membrane in 1-day to 2-week old @entity35 . In older @entity35 , the immunoreaction product in pinealocytes was associated with the plasma membrane and mitochondria only. @entity68 localization was observed in pinealocytes as well as macrophages/microglia. It is suggested that @entity21228 are required for uptake of @entity68 for cell proliferation and maturation in the pineal gland upto 6 weeks of age. The significance of @entity21228 expression on mitochondria is speculative. They may be involved in @entity68 transport to the mitochondria or for regulation of the secretory activity of pinealocytes. The TfrcmRNA and protein expression increased significantly in response to @entity519 in 12-week @entity35 and this coincided with intense @entity68 staining of the pinealocytes and macrophages/microglia. It is concluded that increased expression of @entity21228 in response to @entity519 leads to excess cellular uptake of @entity68 which may be damaging to the cells. @entity2493 administration in @entity519 @entity35 may prove to be beneficial as it reduced the @entity21228 expression.

title: Expression of tranferrin receptors in the pineal gland of postnatal and adult @entity35 and its alteration in XXXX and @entity2493 treatment.

entities_list: @entity21228 :: ('64678(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Transferrin receptors', 'Tfrc']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Allergen-specific rush immunotherapy (RIT) shows promise in treating @entity565 ; however, pet @entity468 will likely require at least initial concurrent glucocorticoids (GCs) to control serious clinical signs. How the immunosuppressive effects of GCs would impact RIT in @entity468 is unknown. The hypothesis of this study was that oral, but not inhaled GCs will diminish the efficacy of RIT in experimental feline @entity565 . @entity468 (n=6/group) were sensitized using Bermuda grass allergen (BGA) and randomized to receive BGA-specific RIT for 9 months with an oral GC ( @entity617 10mg daily), inhaled GC ( @entity5023 220  g twice daily), or placebo administered for the first 6 months. @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) percent eosinophils and other immunological assays were performed. @entity32 was suppressed in all groups at month 6 of RIT (group mean    SD, 5    2%, 13    4%, and 7    2% for oral GC, inhaled GC, and placebo, respectively; P=0.291). @entity5173 percent eosinophils significantly increased over time only in oral GC/RIT @entity468 between months 6 and 9 (P=0.031). Placebo/RIT @entity468 had significant decreases over time in BGA-specific serum IgE (P=0.031). Concentration of @entity29462 in @entity5173 significantly increased over time in inhaled GC/RIT @entity468 (P=0.031). No significant differences were found between groups at month 6 or over time in each group for BGA-specific lymphocyte blastogenesis, percent blood T regulatory cells, or number of @entity14805 -producing cells. Given the significant increase of airway @entity1712 over time in RIT @entity468 initially treated with an oral GC, inhaled GCs might be better for dampening @entity32 until RIT normalizes the dysregulated immune system.

title: Oral glucocorticoids diminish the efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy in experimental feline XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic airway inflammation', 'eosinophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['BALF', 'Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the search for prognostic biomarkers, a significant amount of precious biobanked blood samples is needed for conventional analyses. Solid-phase proximity ligation assay (SP- @entity1989 ) is an analytic method with the ability to analyze many proteins at the same time in small amounts of plasma. The aim of this study was to explore the potential use of SP- @entity1989 for biomarker validation in @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Plasma samples from @entity1 with stage I to IV @entity14 , with (n = 31) and without (n = 29) disease dissemination at diagnosis or later, were analyzed with SP- @entity1989 using 35 antibodies targeting an equal number of proteins in 5- l plasma samples. @entity787 ( @entity787 ), analyzed earlier in this cohort using a different technology, was used as a reference. RESULTS: A total of 21 of the 35 investigated proteins were detectable with SP- @entity1989 . @entity1 in stage II to III with disseminated disease had lower plasma concentrations of @entity3023 (P = .025). Low plasma levels of @entity2843 were seen in @entity1 with disseminated disease stage II (P = .003). The level of @entity787 was higher in @entity1 with disease dissemination compared with those without (P = .007). CONCLUSION: SP- @entity1989 has the ability to analyze many protein markers simultaneously in a small amount of blood. However, none of the markers selected for the present SP- @entity1989 analyses gave better prognostic information than @entity787 .

title: Detection of Biomarkers with Solid-Phase Proximity Ligation Assay in XXXX with @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['Carcinoembryonic antigen', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity174 of the femur because of bone @entity3 seriously affect the quality of life of @entity5 @entity1 . Different surgical options are indicated to achieve a durable and solid fixation, depending on several clinical, prognostic and mechanical factors. Locked intramedullary nailing is currently used to treat pathologic @entity3330 in @entity1 with multiple @entity3 when the trochanteric region or shaft is mainly involved. This study evaluates intramedullary nailing for treatment of @entity1 with pathologic @entity3330 , focussing on complications, clinical and functional outcomes and survival rates. The series included 80 pathologic fractures treated with a titanium alloy Proximal Nail (Standard or Antirotation) or Lateral Anterograde Femoral Nail (PFN, PFNA or LAFN, Synthes) inserted in a locked static mode. Acrylic cement was used to fill the bone cavity after nail insertion in eight @entity1 ; percutaneous cementoplasty was simultaneously performed in 11 cases of severe @entity7195 . Postoperative outcomes focussed on @entity158 relief, postoperative mobility and quality of life and they were analysed retrospectively using QOL-ACD and ECOG. Eleven @entity1 (13.75%) suffered from non-fatal DVT post-surgery, with no @entity1151 . Six @entity1 (7.5%) developed @entity2737 and two @entity1 (2.5%) developed pnaeumonia. There was no loss of reduction, breakage, screw pull out, or hardware or implant failure that required component substitution or revision. Lung histotype and the contemporary presence of cerebral and visceral @entity3 appeared to be predisposing factors in reducing survival time. All @entity1 attained @entity158 relief, early deambulation and a marked clinical improvement during the first 6-10 postoperative months, with gradual worsening thereafter from deterioration of their general condition due to @entity5 progression. The @entity1 ' survival rate was 40% at 1 year, 25% at 2 years and 15% at 3 years. Results confirm that multiple factors related to @entity1 and primary @entity5 may affect survival rate after @entity3330 . Intramedullary nailing should be indicated for pathologic fractures at femoral diaphysis and metaphysis when @entity5 is in an advanced stage. This procedure offers good and durable stability, and enables @entity158 relief, early postoperative mobilisation and weight-bearing, thus improving the quality of life of @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Intramedullary nailing for treatment of pathologic @entity3330 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Pathologic fractures']

entities_list: @entity7195 :: ('OMIM:142700', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral acetabular osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['superficial wound infections']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['satisfactory pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture', 'femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: We describe by routine histology and by immunohistochemistry three phenotypically and developmentally distinct fibrocartilages associated with the Achilles tendon of the @entity35 . All the fibrocartilages develop after birth and show significant age-related changes in the composition of their extracellular matrix. Attachment-zone fibrocartilage occurs at the insertion of the tendon on the calcaneus. It derives from the cartilage rudiment of the calcaneus and from the region where the tendon merges with the perichondrium. The extracellular matrix contain type II collagen and chondroitin sulphate. Compressive tendon fibrocartilage occurs in the deep part of the tendon where it presses against the calcaneus, and is derived by metaplasia of tendon cells. The cells label strongly for the intermediate filament @entity7229 , and the extracellular matrix contains chondroitin and keratan @entity7910 , but type II collagen only in very old animals (> 2 years). Calcaneal fibrocartilage covered the posterior surface of the calcaneus where it was in contact with the Achilles tendon. It labelled intensely for type II collagen and contained @entity12007 and keratan @entity7910 . The cells were rich in @entity7229 . This fibrocartilage was derived from the calcaneal perichondrium.

title: Development and ageing of phenotypically distinct fibrocartilages associated with the XXXX Achilles tendon.

entities_list: @entity12007 :: ('MESH:D002807', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin']

entities_list: @entity7910 :: ('CHEBI:35175', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphates']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Newer chemotherapeutic protocols as well as high-dose chemotherapy have increased the response rate in @entity1582 . However, these treatments are not curative. Effective maintenance strategies are now required to prolong the duration of response. We conducted a randomized trial of maintenance treatment with @entity2816 and @entity5279 . Two months after high-dose therapy, 597 @entity1 younger than age 65 years were randomly assigned to receive no maintenance (arm A), @entity5279 (arm B), or @entity5279 plus @entity2816 (arm C). A complete or very good partial response was achieved by 55% of @entity1 in arm A, 57% in arm B, and 67% in arm C (P = .03). The 3-year postrandomization probability of event-free survival was 36% in arm A, 37% in arm B, and 52% in arm C (P < .009). The 4-year postdiagnosis probability of survival was 77% in arm A, 74% in arm B, and 87% in arm C (P < .04). The proportion of @entity1 who had skeletal events was 24% in arm A, 21% in arm B, and 18% in arm C (P = .4). @entity2816 is an effective maintenance therapy in @entity1 with @entity1582 . Maintenance treatment with @entity5279 does not decrease the incidence of bone events.

title: Maintenance therapy with @entity2816 improves survival in XXXX with @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Filter-protected transcervical carotid artery stenting (CAS) has been suggested to reduce the intraoperative cerebral embolisation observed during transfemoral CAS. We therefore evaluated clinical outcome and incidence of @entity75 at diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) after transcervical and transfemoral CAS. METHODS: From March 2007 to May 2009, we performed filter-protected CAS in 135 @entity1 with symptomatic (30%) or asymptomatic (70%) @entity543 above 70% and below 95%. In 44 @entity1 with risky femoral access or unfavourable aortic arch anatomy, access to common carotid artery was achieved by a small cervical incision. In another 91 procedures we used a classic percutaneous femoral access. Preoperative and postoperative DW-MRI scans were obtained after 111 procedures (82%) - 35 transcervical and 76 transfemoral. RESULTS: The incidence of clinical events ( @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) and @entity64 ) was 2.3% after transcervical CAS and 19.8% after transfemoral CAS (P<0.01), without any @entity204 . DW-MRI disclosed new @entity75 in five @entity1 (5/35, 14.3%) after transcervical CAS and in 28 @entity1 (28/76, 36.8%) after transfemoral CAS (P=0.015). All @entity75 depicted after transcervical procedures were @entity432 . CONCLUSIONS: Transcervical filter-protected CAS, compared with classic percutaneous procedures, seems to reduce clinical events and DW-MRI @entity16 and may be useful in selected @entity1 .

title: Cervical access for filter-protected carotid artery stenting: a useful tool to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic damage']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischaemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral to the treated artery']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['reduce cerebral embolisation']


abstract: The @entity1573 bursa of Fabricius and @entity291 ileal Peyer's patch are thought to be the primary lymphoid organs of B cell development. In the bursa, the existence of secondary lymphoid tissue, called the diffusely infiltrated area, has been recognized. Recently, we have found the presence of a region of secondary lymphoid tissue in the ileal Peyer's patch at the period of the most rapid growth of this organ. In this study, we compared the development of these secondary lymphoid tissue regions in the bursa and ileal Peyer's patch histologically. Before hatching, lymphatic follicle formation occurred in the bursa, but not in the diffusely infiltrated area, where only a small number of lymphoid cells were found. However, during fetal @entity291 development, lymphatic follicle formation occurred not only in the primary lymphoid organ but also in the secondary lymphoid tissue regions. Therefore, the prenatal development of the secondary lymphoid tissue regions of the bursa and ileal Peyer's patch were distinct. After hatching, formation of the germinal center, which contained many @entity9214 + cells, was observed in the diffusely infiltrated area of the bursa. After birth, many @entity9214 + cells and IgG mRNA expression were observed in the lymphatic follicle of the secondary lymphoid tissue regions in the ileal Peyer's patch, but rarely in the ileal Peyer's patch lymphatic follicles. The change of character of these secondary lymphoid tissue regions at the postnatal stage might be dependent on external antigens.

title: Comparative studies on the secondary lymphoid tissue areas in the @entity1573 bursa of Fabricius and XXXX ileal Peyer's patch.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: Antiserum to rough gram-negative mutants such as @entity526 J5 and Salmonella minnesota Re595 is thought to neutralize the toxic effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). To verify that such antisera are capable of binding heterologous endotoxins, we examined IgG and IgM class antibodies induced in @entity95 to a variety of LPSs. Immunization with rough mutants or @entity3275 induced high IgG antibody responses to the homologous purified @entity558 and relatively low but significant responses to heterologous LPSs. Increases in IgM antibodies were also primarily to homologous @entity558 . Immunization with smooth organisms induced little or no antibody to heterologous LPSs. Soluble @entity558 , outer membrane vesicles, and whole bacteria produced strong homologous inhibition but little or no heterologous inhibition in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Cross-adsorption of antisera to rough mutants suggested that the IgG and IgM antibodies induced to heterologous @entity558 were adsorbed by the heterologous @entity558 and not by the core @entity558 used to immunize the animals. Rabbit antibody directed to J5 or Re595 @entity558 fails to bind to any substantial degree to heterologous @entity558 . Immunization with whole bacterial vaccines, particularly the rough mutants and lipid A, does increase antibody to a wide variety of antigens. The possibilities that the protective effects of antisera to rough mutants are due to a polyclonal antibody response or to the induction of as yet unidentified factor(s) deserve further investigation.

title: Cross-reactivity of rabbit antibodies to lipopolysaccharides of XXXX J5 and other gram-negative bacteria.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Frequency and torment caused by @entity2704 direct @entity1 toward a variety of remedies. Few studies to date have proposed ginger derivates for @entity2704 relief. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of ginger in the ablation of common @entity2704 attack in comparison to @entity9251 therapy. In this double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 100 @entity1 who had acute @entity5330 were randomly allocated to receive either ginger powder or @entity9251 . Time of @entity10 onset, its severity, time interval from @entity10 beginning to taking drug and @entity1 self-estimation about response for five subsequent @entity2704 attacks were recorded by @entity1 . @entity1 (,) satisfaction from treatment efficacy and their willingness to continue it was also evaluated after 1   month following intervention. Two hours after using either drug, mean headaches severity decreased significantly. Efficacy of ginger powder and @entity9251 was similar. Clinical adverse effects of ginger powder were less than @entity9251 . @entity1 ' satisfaction and willingness to continue did not differ. The effectiveness of ginger powder in the treatment of common @entity2704 attacks is statistically comparable to @entity9251 . Ginger also poses a better side effect profile than @entity9251 .

title: Comparison between the efficacy of ginger and @entity9251 in the ablative treatment of the common XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5330 :: ('MESH:D020326', 'Disease') :: ['migraine without aura']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'migraines']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity17427 ( @entity17427 ) are reported to have conductive ( @entity978 ) and @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ), but there is little information pertaining to the progression of @entity393 over time. The goal of this study was to examine the prevalence of @entity978 and @entity1274 in adults and @entity1 with @entity17427 and look for changes in @entity1274 over time. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of @entity1 with @entity17427 presenting to a @entity17427 clinic was conducted. Also, a written survey of clinical concerns was collected from additional @entity1 /families seen in the clinic and through the @entity17427 Foundation. RESULTS: Seventy-eight @entity1 (50% female) were included in the chart review. Mean age was 16.8      11.4 years (range-0.6-50 years) and mean age at diagnosis of @entity393 was 4.6      10.6 years (n  =  26). Five @entity1 (6.4%) had severe to profound @entity1274 that improved with time, including 2 who had complete normalization of audiogram results. Thirty-five families/ @entity1 completed the clinical survey, and 45.5% of the families reported a noticeable improvement of hearing over time. CONCLUSIONS: Conductive @entity393 and @entity1274 are common in @entity17427 . More than 50% of the @entity1 seen in an adult @entity17427 clinic reported improvement in @entity393 over time, and a subset of @entity1 had an improvement in @entity1274 . In light of these findings, we recommend longitudinal evaluations of @entity393 in these @entity1 with both auditory brainstem response and otoacoustic emissions testing if @entity1274 is identified.

title: Improvement in XXXX over time in @entity17427 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17427 :: ('MESH:D003635', 'Disease') :: ['Cornelia de Lange', 'CdLS', 'Cornelia de Lange Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity159 ( @entity159 ) is associated with survival in many @entity5 but the effect of @entity159 on survival and access to care for @entity1 with @entity11 has not been studied. METHODS: 50   170 @entity1 from the SEER Program at the National @entity5 Institute database were included in this study. All @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity11 of the brain from 2003 to 2012. @entity1 @entity159 was divided into tertiles and quintiles. Treatment options included radiation (yes/no), surgery (gross total resection [GTR]/other surgery/no surgery), and radiation with surgery (yes/no). Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze data with SAS v9.4. The results were adjusted for age at diagnosis, race, and sex. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed according to @entity159 tertiles and quintiles. RESULTS: @entity1 from a higher @entity159 tertile were significantly more likely to receive surgery, radiation, GTR, and radiation with surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 1.101, 1.12, 1.108, 1.153, respectively, all P < .0001). This correlation was also true when @entity1 were divided into quintiles (OR = 1.06, 1.074, 1.065, 1.092, respectively, all P < .0001). Furthermore, the lowest @entity159 tertiles (hazards ratio [HR] = 1.226, 1.129) and the lowest @entity159 quintiles (HR = 1.264, 1.232, 1.178, 1.108) were associated with significantly shorter survival times (all P for trend <.0001). Surgery, surgery with radiation therapy, and GTR were also found to be associated with improved overall survival in @entity11 @entity1 (HR = 0.649, 0.782, 0.753, respectively, all P < .0001). When adjusted for treatment received (radiation, surgery, or radiation with surgery), the effect of @entity159 on survival reduced (HR = 1.204, 1.11 for tertiles; HR = 1.239, 1.198, 1.153, 1.091 for quintiles), but was still significant (all P for trend <.0001). CONCLUSION: The findings from this national study on @entity1 with @entity11 suggest an effect of @entity159 on access to treatment and survival in @entity1 with @entity11 . Further studies are required to understand reasons underlying these disparities and how they may be addressed.

title: 105   The Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Gross Total Resection, Radiation Therapy, and Overall Survival in XXXX With @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'Socioeconomic status']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The clinical significance and characteristics of writing errors in bulbar-onset @entity746 ( @entity746 ) are not clear. We retrospectively investigated writing samples in 19 @entity1 with bulbar-onset @entity746 without preceding extra-motor symptoms. Co-development of @entity303 and/or @entity2026 was also explored and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of the brain were reviewed. As a result, a high prevalence of writing errors (15 of the 19 @entity1 ) was found. Of note were isolated writing errors with neither @entity303 nor @entity2026 verified in 2 @entity1 whose @entity4653 was mild enough to evaluate spoken language. The remaining 13 @entity1 also showed @entity1055 , but either @entity4653 was too severe to evaluate @entity2026 or @entity4943 ( @entity4943 )-like features co-existed. Of these @entity1 , one who initially lacked @entity303 subsequently developed @entity4943 -like features. The frequent writing errors were omission or substitution of kana letters and syntactic errors. SPECT images showed bilateral or left-side dominant hypoperfusion in the frontotemporal lobes as a consistent feature. These results show that @entity1 with bulbar-onset @entity746 frequently exhibit @entity2246 and that these are not merely consequences of @entity303 or @entity2026 . However, these writing errors may indicate the involvement of frontotemporal language-related areas beyond the primary motor cortex.

title: XXXX in bulbar-onset @entity746 : not merely a consequence of @entity303 or @entity2026 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['agraphic writing errors']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity1055 :: (MESH:D000381,Disease) :: ['Agraphia']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) represent reactive products belonging to the partial reduction of @entity26 . It has been reported that ROS are involved in different signaling pathways to control cellular stability. Under normal conditions, the correct function of redox systems leads to the prevention of cell oxidative damage. When ROS exceed the antioxidant defense system, cellular stress occurs. The cellular redox impairment is strictly related to tumorigenesis. @entity5 cells, through the generation of @entity273 , tend to the alteration of cell cycle phases and, finally to @entity5 progression. In adults, the most common form of @entity1313 is represented by @entity11 . The gliomagenesis is characterized by numerous molecular processes all characterized by an altered production of growth factor receptors. The difficulty to treat @entity1313 depends on several biological mechanisms such as failure of drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier, @entity5 response to chemotherapy, and intrinsic resistance of @entity5 cells. Understanding the mechanisms of ROS action could allow the formulation of new therapeutic protocols to treat @entity13 .

title: ROS and XXXX : An Overview of Potential and Innovative Therapeutic Strategies.

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['brain gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer', 'primary malignant brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity13 :: (MESH:C564230,Disease) :: ['Brain Gliomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic effects of @entity3760 ( @entity3760 ) combined with recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) in @entity95 @entity9332 with @entity3760 and anorganic @entity291 bone (ABB) combined with rhBMP-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four round defects with 8-mm diameters were created in each @entity95 calvaria. Each defect was treated with one of the following: 1) @entity3760 , 2) ABB/rhBMP-2, or 3) @entity3760 /rhBMP-2. The rhBMP-2 was combined with @entity3760 and ABB according to a stepwise dry and dip lyophilizing protocol. Histological and microcomputed tomography (  CT) analyses were performed to measure the amount of bone formation and bone volume after 2- and 8-week healing intervals. RESULTS: Upon histological observation at two weeks, the @entity3760 and ABB/rhBMP-2 groups showed osteoconductive bone formation, while the @entity3760 /rhBMP-2 group showed osteoconductive and osteoinductive bone formation. New bone formation was higher in @entity3760 /rhBMP-2, @entity3760 and ABB decreasing order. The amounts of bone formation were very similar at two weeks; however, at eight weeks, the @entity3760 /rhBMP-2 group showed a two-fold greater amount of bone formation compared to the @entity3760 and ABB/rhBMP-2 groups. The   CT analysis showed markedly increased bone volume in the @entity3760 /rhBMP-2 group at eight weeks compared with that of the @entity3760 group. Notably, there was a slight decrease in bone volume in the ABB/rhBMP-2 group at eight weeks. There were no significant differences among the @entity3760 , ABB/rhBMP-2, and @entity3760 /rhBMP-2 groups at two or eight weeks. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, @entity3760 appears to be a suitable carrier for rhBMP-2 in orthotopic sites.

title: Demineralized dentin matrix combined with recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 in XXXX @entity9332 .

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial defects']

entities_list: @entity3760 :: ('MESH:D017001', 'Disease') :: ['DDM', 'demineralized dentin matrix']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Full thickness reconstruction of more than half of an eyelid, mainly of the upper one, is a challenge for the surgeon. In 1992, for the first time, the authors reported the use of an @entity33 from the nose for reconstruction of the tarsoconjunctival plane of a full thickness defect of an eyelid. This article reports and discusses the results of the follow-up of 18 @entity1 operated on using the above technique during the period June 1991-March 1997. @entity1 AND METHODS: Apart from the oncological evaluation, the following parameters were assessed: position, closure, the presence of @entity9467 , length of the palpebral rim, rim opening, levator function, an aesthetic balance of the eyelids, and donor site morbidity. The follow-up ranged from 6 to 40 months. RESULTS: The @entity33 was clinically viable in all @entity1 . One @entity1 showed a 2 mm lagophthalmos. Static parameters were within normal ranges. In upper eyelid reconstruction, an 8 to 18 mm. levator function (mean 13 mm) was shown. CONCLUSION: The authors discuss their complications and results and feel that this flap, associated with full thickness skin grafts, may be considered a first choice technique, in expert hands, in complex full thickness upper eyelid reconstruction, and a possible alternative in lower eyelid reconstruction, for wide defects when the use of other flaps is compromised.

title: Clinical use of a new XXXX in wide full-thickness eyelid reconstructions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['axial chondro-mucosal flap']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['axial chondro-mucosal flap']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with a @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) are at least two times more likely to suffer from metabolic co-morbidities, leading to excessive and premature deaths. In spite of the many physical and mental health benefits of physical activity (PA), individuals with @entity1032 are less physically active and more sedentary than the general population. One key component towards increasing the acceptability, adoption, and long-term adherence to PA is to understand, tailor and incorporate the PA preferences of individuals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if there are differences in PA preferences among individuals diagnosed with different @entity146 , in particular @entity161 or @entity162 ( @entity162 ), and to identify PA design features that @entity1 would prefer. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity161 (n  =  113) or @entity162 (n  =  60) completed a survey assessing their PA preferences. RESULTS: There were no statistical between-group differences on any preferred PA program design feature between those diagnosed with @entity161 or @entity162 . As such, @entity1 with either diagnosis were collapsed into one group in order to report PA preferences. Walking (59.5  %) at moderate intensity (61.3  %) was the most popular activity and @entity1 were receptive to using self-monitoring tools (59.0  %). @entity1 were also interested in incorporating strength and resistance training (58.5  %) into their PA program and preferred some level of regular contact with a fitness specialist (66.0  %). CONCLUSIONS: These findings can be used to tailor a physical activity intervention for adults with @entity161 or @entity162 . Since @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity162 do not differ in PA program preferences, the preferred features may have broad applicability for individuals with any @entity1032 .

title: Physical activity preferences of individuals diagnosed with XXXX or @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['severe mental illness', 'SMI']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The optimal strategy for monitoring the stability of @entity1756 following coil embolisation is unclear. The value of delayed follow-up angiography in detecting new recurrences or progression of residual lesions visualised on earlier angiographic studies was determined in the light of the increasing use of non-invasive imaging techniques such as time of flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) for the evaluation of @entity438 . Ninety-seven @entity1 with 105 @entity1756 treated with detachable coils in 2005 and 2006 were included. The presence of a residual neck or @entity439 was assessed on catheter angiograms performed at 6 months and 2 years using the Raymond criteria (Class I = completely occluded, class II = small residual neck, class III = @entity439 sac filling). At 6-month follow-up, 32% of class I @entity439 progressed to class II and 6% of these @entity439 required re-treatment. A further 2-year angiogram was obtained in 59 @entity1 with 65 @entity439 . Ninety-six per cent of class I, 100% of the class II and class III @entity439 remained unchanged at 2 years compared to 6 months. In our series, most recurrences were apparent at 6-month follow-up. The vast majority of @entity1756 that were class I or II at 6 months remained stable at 2-year follow-up. In the absence of a residual lesion in the early angiographic study, a further delayed catheter angiogram may not be warranted. The use of non-invasive strategies such as TOF-MRA should be considered.

title: Stability of XXXX treated with detachable coils: is delayed follow-up angiography warranted?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm occlusion']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'coiled ruptured aneurysms', 'ruptured intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3330 ( @entity3330 ) and @entity2530 of the jaw (ONJ) are well-known @entity137 ( @entity137 ) associated with @entity171 . To prevent these @entity137 and to aid in the search for pathogenic mechanisms, knowledge of risk factors can be helpful. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for @entity5520 -related ONJ and AF. METHODS: In this case-control study of reports of @entity5520 -related @entity137 from February 16, 1984, to October 16, 2013, in the Swedish national database of @entity137 , we compared characteristics for cases of ONJ (n = 167) and AF (n = 55) with all other @entity5520 -related @entity137 (n = 565) with regard to demographic variables, clinical characteristics, and concomitant drug treatments. We adjusted for multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: Time to onset of @entity137 differed statistically significantly between cases of AF and controls (2156 vs 111 days). For ONJ versus controls, differences were statistically significant for time to onset (1240 vs 111 days), intravenous administration (40% vs 20%), dental procedures (49% vs 0.2%) and prostheses (5% vs 0%), @entity5 (44% vs 12%), multiple @entity1582 (21% vs 1%), @entity309 (14% vs 5%), and treatment with antineoplastic agents and @entity1288 . CONCLUSION: These results lend further evidence to previously identified risk factors for ONJ-that is, intravenous @entity5520 administration; invasive dental procedures and dental prostheses; @entity5 , in particular multiple @entity1582 ; and possibly, long-term @entity5520 treatment. A putative further risk factor is @entity309 . Only long-term @entity5520 treatment was more common among AF cases. The lack of overlap of risk factors between ONJ and AF suggests different pathogenic mechanisms.

title: Identification of Risk Factors for @entity5520 -Associated Atypical XXXX and @entity2530 of the Jaw in a Pharmacovigilance Database.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reactions', 'ADRs']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer disease']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['AFs', 'Atypical femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['Femoral Fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8434 caused by the matacestodal larvae of @entity12047 (Eg), is a chronic, worldwide, and severe @entity2927 . The treatment of @entity8434 is still difficult since surgery cannot fit the needs of all @entity1 , and drugs can lead to serious adverse events as well as resistance. The screen of target proteins interacted with new anti- @entity8434 drugs is urgently needed to meet the prevailing challenges. Here, we analyzed the sequences and structure properties, and constructed a phylogenetic tree by bioinformatics methods. The @entity11542 family signature and Protein kinase C phosphorylation sites were predicted in all nine EgAQPs. a-helix and random coil were the main secondary structures of EgAQPs. The numbers of transmembrane regions were three to six, which indicated that EgAQPs contained multiple hydrophobic regions. A neighbor-joining tree indicated that EgAQPs were divided into two branches, seven EgAQPs formed a clade with @entity3261 from @entity1 , a "strict" aquaporins, other two EgAQPs formed a clade with @entity18953 from @entity1 , an aquaglyceroporins. Unfortunately, homology modeling of EgAQPs was aborted. These results provide a foundation for understanding and researches of the biological function of @entity12047 .

title: Bioinformatics analysis and construction of phylogenetic tree of aquaporins from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic parasitosis']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['hydatidosis', 'Cyst echinococcosis', 'cyst echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['E. granulosus', 'Echinococcus granulosus']

answer: @entity12047 :: (6210,Species) :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most health economic evaluations in mental care include outcome measures aimed at specific aspects of health, like symptom improvement, functional improvement and quality of life instead of generic preference based outcome measures. The health economic guidelines (NICE) recommend to include a generic preference based outcome measure, like EQ-5D, in health economic evaluations in order to allow for comparisons of health related quality of life of @entity1 groups across different diseases, providing information particular useful to support health policy decisions and cost-effectiveness analysis. Although the EQ-5D is by far the most widespread outcome measure within the context of economic evaluations, its validity in @entity146 populations has not yet been established unambiguously. An increasing number of articles have tested the validity of the EQ-5D in comparisons with clinical measures in mental health, but only few studies have addressed the correlation between the EQ-5D and a condition-specific quality of life measure in mental health. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aim of the article is to test for a potential correlation between the preferred generic outcome measure in health economic evaluations EQ-5D and Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA) in order to assess to what extent quality of life dimensions measured by a @entity146 quality of life measure are captured in the EQ-5D in a population of @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity835 . METHODS: Data analysed is a part of a study of 103 @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity835 participating in a randomized controlled trial testing a specialized addiction intervention during the period 2008-09. The correlation of the EQ-5D and scores of MANSA was assessed using the Spearman's correlation coefficient. In addition, we tested how the EQ-5D and MANSA correlated with PANSS, GAF and WHO-DAS in order to make comparisons with earlier studies. RESULTS: We found moderate, statistically significant correlations between the EQ-5D index score and MANSA total score (rho = 0.358**). The dimensions 'Mobility', 'Self-Care' and ' @entity158 /discomfort' on the EQ-5D were overall not sensitive in this population, while the dimensions 'Usual activities' and ' @entity308 ' were moderately correlated with MANSA. The EQ-5D and MANSA both showed statistically significant moderate correlations with the clinical measures in the study PANSS, GAF and WHO-DAS. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that the EQ-5D and MANSA are complementary measures rather than substitutes. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH POLICIES: Mental health interventions often seek to improve the @entity1 ' quality of life in a broader perspective, like improving the @entity1 ' relationship with family, friends and other network, financial situation, employment and accommodation. If the EQ-5D is used as a single outcome in health economic evaluations of e.g. mental health community interventions, these factors may be overlooked. Based on a relatively small sample, we therefore recommend applying the EQ-5D together with condition-specific quality of life measures in future health economic evaluations in mental health.

title: Does the EQ-5D measure quality of life in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety/depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis abuse', 'abuse of cannabis']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate the Spanish version of the @entity1 's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT). METHOD: The factor structure and other psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire were examined using the answers of 38,554 schoolchildren. Diagnostic efficiency was based on a standardized clinical interview of 968 schoolchildren who had previously completed the questionnaire. RESULTS: Five factors ("preoccupation with @entity14968 ," "dieting," "social pressure to eat," "purging," and "preoccupation with food and oral control") explained 46% of the variance. Cronbach's a was .858 for the total scale. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was .851. @entity2915 ( @entity2915 ) was 27% and specificity (SP) 96% for a cut-off of 20. A more appropriate cut-off was 15, where @entity2915 and SP were 62% and 90% respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values 27 and 98%. DISCUSSION: The ChEAT psychometric characteristics are adequate. The questionnaire is valid. A cut-off point of 15 is recommended for adolescents.

title: XXXX 's eating attitudes test: validation in a sample of Spanish schoolchildren.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'Sensitivity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: The study was aimed to investigate the effects of total @entity3857 of @entity33448 (tPNS) on @entity5303 ( @entity5303 )-induced apoptosis of @entity35 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and the underlying mechanism. rBMSCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from Sprague Dawley (SD) @entity35 . After being incubated with different concentrations of tPNS (1, 10, 100  g/mL) for 48 h, the rBMSCs were stained with @entity10081 and PI for proliferation and cell cycle assay, respectively. @entity5303 group was treated with 300  mol @entity5303 for 24 h, and different concentrations tPNS groups were treated with 300  mol @entity5303 plus 1, 10 or 100  g/mL tPNS. After @entity13909 - @entity2823 /PI staining, flow cytometry was applied to measure the cell apoptosis. For mitochondrial membrane potential assay, @entity3514 and @entity5956 staining were used. qRT-PCR was applied to analyze gene expression of @entity1976 family. The results showed that the proliferation rates of the three concentrations tPNS groups were all higher than that of the control group (all P < 0.05). Compared with control group, only 100  g/mL tPNS group exhibited increased cell percentage of S and G2 phase. Compared with that in control group (without @entity5303 ), the apoptotic rate was increased by 14.2% in @entity5303 group. And the apoptotic rates were reduced by 14.4%, 12.8% and 13.9% in three concentrations tPNS groups, compared with that in @entity5303 group (all P < 0.01). @entity5303 could decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential, while different concentrations of tPNS reversed the inhibitory effect of @entity5303 . @entity1976 and @entity5613 mRNA expressions in all tPNS groups were higher than those in @entity5303 group (all P < 0.05). Moreover, 10 and 100  g/mL tPNS groups showed lower ratios of @entity2310 / @entity1976 , compared with @entity5303 group. The results suggest that tPNS protects the rBMSCs against @entity5303 -induced apoptosis through improving the cell mitochondrial membrane potential, up-regulating the expressions of anti-apoptosis genes @entity1976 and @entity5613 , and reducing the @entity2310 / @entity1976 gene expression ratio.

title: [Inhibitory effect of total XXXX of @entity33448 on @entity35 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis].

entities_list: @entity3514 :: ('CHEBI:8828', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine123']

entities_list: @entity5303 :: ('MESH:C018021', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalt chloride', 'CoCl2']

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponins']

entities_list: @entity33448 :: ('44586', 'Species') :: ['Panax notoginseng']

answer: @entity3857 :: (MESH:D012503,Chemical) :: ['saponins']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the differences of perfusion in the optic nerve head (ONH) between normal and @entity735 using optical microangiography (OMAG) based optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography technique. METHODS: One eye from each subject was scanned with a 68 kHz Cirrus 5000 HD-OCT-based OMAG prototype system centered at the ONH (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc, Dublin, CA, USA). Microvascular images were generated from the OMAG dataset by detecting the differences in OCT signal between consecutive B-scans. The pre-laminar layer (preLC) was isolated by a semi-automatic segmentation program. En face OMAG images for preLC were generated using signals with highest blood flow signal intensity. ONH perfusion was quantified as flux, vessel area density, and normalized flux within the ONH. Standard t-tests were performed to analyze the ONH perfusion differences between normal and @entity735 . Linear regression models were constructed to analyze the correlation between ONH perfusion and other clinical measurements. RESULTS: Twenty normal and 21 @entity726 subjects were enrolled. @entity735 had significantly lower ONH perfusion in preLC in all three perfusion metrics compared to normal eyes (P <=0.0003). Significant correlations between ONH perfusion and disease severity as well as structural changes were detected in @entity735 (P <=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: ONH perfusion detected by OMAG showed significant differences between @entity726 and normal controls and was significantly correlated with disease severity and @entity2383 in @entity735 . ONH perfusion measurement using OMAG may provide useful information for detection and monitoring of @entity726 .

title: Optic nerve head perfusion in normal eyes and eyes with XXXX using optical coherence tomography-based microangiography.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucomatous eyes', 'glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural defects']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7424 ( @entity7424 ) promotes @entity0 and disease progression. Bioavailability of @entity7424 is modulated by IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). @entity10250 inhibits @entity7424 activity but cleavage by @entity33408 ( @entity33408 ) protease releases active @entity7424 . METHODS: Expression of IGF pathway components and @entity33408 was assessed by western blot or RT-PCR. @entity10250 (dBP4) resistant to @entity33408 cleavage, but retaining IGF-binding capacity, was used to block IGF activity in vivo. 4T1.2 @entity19 mammary @entity420 cells transfected with empty vector, vector expressing wild-type @entity10250 or vector expressing dBP4 were implanted in the mammary fat pad of BALB/c @entity19 and @entity5 growth was assessed. @entity5 angiogenesis and endothelial cell apoptosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: 4T1.2 cells expressed the IGF1R receptor and @entity10250 . @entity33408 was expressed within mammary @entity5 but not by 4T1.2 cells. Proliferation and @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) production by 4T1.2 cells was increased by @entity7424 ( @entity33409 ) (recombinant @entity7424 resistant to binding by IGFBPs) but not by wild-type @entity7424 . @entity7424 -stimulated microvascular endothelial cell proliferation was blocked by recombinant @entity10250 . 4T1.2 @entity5 expressing dBP4 grew significantly more slowly than controls or @entity5 expressing wild-type @entity10250 . Inhibition of @entity5 growth by dBP4 was accompanied by the increased endothelial cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Protease-resistant @entity10250 blocks IGF activity, @entity5 growth and angiogenesis.

title: Expression of a protease-resistant insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 inhibits @entity5 growth in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity33408 :: ('18491(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PAPP-A', 'pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity33409 :: ('p|SUB|E|3|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E3R']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity7424 :: ('16000(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor 1', 'IGF1']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']