abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of applying 10 ml @entity1341 0.5% versus normal saline to the fallopian tubes under direct vision during day case laparoscopic sterilisation under general anaesthesia. DESIGN: Randomised, parallel, double-blind controlled trial. SETTING: Day Surgery Unit. SUBJECTS: Sixty @entity1 presenting for day case laparoscopic sterilisation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time to first post-operative @entity1337 , and @entity158 levels at 1 h, at discharge, and at time of first @entity1337 . RESULTS: In the group receiving @entity1341 , time to first @entity1337 was significantly longer (P = 0.03) and significantly fewer @entity1 requested escape @entity1337 before the 1 h assessment (P = 0.01). This group also had significantly less @entity158 on visual analogue scale (P = 0.04) and significantly lower categorical verbal @entity158 scores (P = 0.01) at the 1 h assessment. By the time of discharge, there were no significant differences between the groups. Eight @entity1 in the saline group and 15 in the @entity1341 group required no escape @entity1337 . This difference was not significant. One @entity1 who received saline required to be admitted overnight for severe @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Topical application of @entity1341 to the fallopian tubes during laparoscopic sterilisation is an easy and effective contribution to the management of @entity158 in the immediate post-operative period after day case laparoscopic sterilisation under general anaesthesia.

title: Reduction of @entity158 after laparoscopic sterilisation with local XXXX : a randomised, parallel, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: Previous studies showed that cytosolic and microsomal fractions from @entity35 ventral prostate are able to biotransform @entity1068 to @entity3094 and @entity45287 radicals via @entity3624 oxidase and a non P450 dependent pathway respectively. Sprague Dawley male @entity35 were fed with a Lieber and De Carli diet containing @entity1068 for 28 days and compared against adequately pair-fed controls. Prostate microsomal fractions were found to exhibit @entity11920 -mediated hydroxylase activity significantly lower than in the liver and it was induced by repetitive @entity1068 drinking. @entity1068 drinking led to an increased susceptibility of prostatic lipids to oxidation, as detected by @entity2469 -promoted chemiluminiscence emission and increased levels of lipid @entity8415 ( @entity23282 orange method). Ultrastructural alterations in the epithelial cells were observed. They consisted of marked condensation of chromatin around the perinuclear membrane, moderate dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum and an increased number of epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis. The prostatic @entity167 dehydrogenase activity of the stock @entity35 was 4.84 times lower than that in the liver and @entity264 dehydrogenase activity in their microsomal, cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions was either not detectable or significantly less intense than in the liver. A single dose of @entity1068 led to significant @entity3094 accumulation in the prostate. The results suggest that @entity3094 accumulation in prostate tissue might result from both @entity3094 produced in situ but also because of its low @entity264 dehydrogenase activity and its poor ability to metabolize @entity3094 arriving via the blood. @entity3094 , @entity45287 radical and the oxidative stress produced may lead to epithelial cell injury.

title: Biochemical and ultrastructural alterations in the @entity35 ventral prostate due to repetitive XXXX drinking.

entities_list: @entity45287 :: ('CHEBI:50341', 'Chemical') :: ['1-hydroxyethyl']

entities_list: @entity8415 :: ('CHEBI:35924', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxides']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2469 :: ('MESH:D020122', 'Chemical') :: ['t-butylhydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde', 'Acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the achievement of @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and remission in @entity4652 idiopathic @entity625 (JIA) and to measure the associations among @entity1 characteristics, imaging results and these outcomes. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 with polyarticular JIA diagnosed and treated at Seattle @entity1 's Hospital between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2006. Each @entity1 's disease status (active disease vs @entity66 ) was determined for every clinic visit. Adjusted relative risk estimates were obtained using Mantel-Haenszel methods. RESULTS: One hundred and four @entity1 were included. @entity1 were followed up for an average of 30 months. @entity1 achieved 138 episodes of @entity66 . Fifty-one @entity1 achieved 69 episodes of clinical remission on medication. When duration of active disease was summed over each @entity1 's follow-up, @entity1 spent a mean of 66.3% of their follow-up with active disease. @entity1 with evidence of @entity16 on imaging studies obtained within 6 months of their first clinic visit spent a mean of 79% of their follow-up with active disease. @entity1 without these findings spent a mean of 58.5% of their follow-up with active disease (P < 0.001). @entity1 who were RF(+) and @entity1 with early evidence of @entity16 tended to have a higher prevalence of active disease during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, @entity1 with polyarticular JIA spent the majority of their follow-up with active disease. Because @entity1 with early radiographic evidence of @entity16 and @entity1 who were RF(+) tended to have the most active disease, improving outcomes for these subgroups may be an important goal for prospective study.

title: Inactive disease in @entity4652 idiopathic XXXX : current patterns and associations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['inactive disease', 'ID']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4652 :: ('MESH:D020734', 'Disease') :: ['polyarticular juvenile']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) is the @entity1221 in @entity1 . The survival of affected @entity1 has remained poor despite treatment with @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) with or without chemotherapy. We reviewed the medical records of all surviving @entity1 with @entity11 treated at our institution between October 1, 1992 and May 31, 2011. Blinded central radiologic review of the magnetic resonance imaging at diagnosis of all surviving @entity1 and 15 controls with @entity11 was performed. All surviving @entity1 underwent neurocognitive assessment during follow-up. Five (2.6 %) of 191 @entity1 treated during the study period were surviving at a median of 9.3 years from their diagnosis (range 5.3-13.2 years). Two @entity1 were younger than 3 years, one lacked signs of pontine cranial nerve involvement, and three had longer duration of symptoms at diagnosis. One @entity1 had a radiologically atypical @entity5 and one had a @entity5 originating in the medulla. All five @entity1 received @entity1161 . Chemotherapy was variable among these @entity1 . Neurocognitive assessments were obtained after a median interval of 7.1 years. Three of four @entity1 who underwent a detailed evaluation showed cognitive function in the borderline or @entity1032 range. Two @entity1 experienced disease progression at 8.8 and 13 years after diagnosis. A minority of @entity1 with @entity11 experienced long-term survival with currently available therapies. These @entity1 remained at high risk for @entity5 progression even after long follow-ups. Four of our long-term survivors had clinical and radiologic characteristics at diagnosis associated with improved outcome.

title: Clinico-radiologic characteristics of long-term survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['deadliest central nervous system tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma', 'DIPG']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma']


abstract: Between January 1983 and August 1998, a total of 18 @entity1 (14 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 ; median age 58 years, range 36-75 years) with primary @entity420 underwent surgical therapy. Main clinical symptoms were @entity490 (61%), @entity353 (44%) and @entity417 (38%). The @entity5 were resectable in 10 @entity1 (56%), and eight Whipple operations and two segmental duodenectomies were performed. Tumor classification according to the TNM system was pT2 (n = 2), @entity1803 (n = 6) and pT4 (n = 2). In eight @entity1 , local lymph nodes were @entity5 positive ( @entity3121 ), and in two @entity1 synchronous liver metastases were excised. The UICC stage of the resected @entity5 was: stage I (n = 1), stage II (n = 1), stage III (n = 6) and stage IV (n = 2). In irresectable cases (n = 8), the @entity1 underwent palliative (n = 6) or explorative (n = 2) operations. With no operative mortality, overall morbidity was 22% (4/18). @entity1 ' survival was 90%, 66.7% and 53.3%, respectively, at 1, 3 and 5 years after resection. None of the @entity1 with irresectable @entity5 survived longer than 25 months. Survival was significantly better for the resection group (P = 0.0027). Due to the often unspecific symptoms, the diagnosis of @entity420 is frequently established at advanced @entity5 stages, resulting in a low resectability rate. Radical surgical resection of the @entity5 , however, is able to provide a more favorable prognosis for @entity189 than for other @entity5 .

title: [Results of surgical therapy of primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'periampullary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['upper abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the duodenum']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the duodenum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report our experience with invasive @entity189 during pregnancy, assessing maternal morbidity due to treatment delay and reporting maternal and fetal outcome. METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity3 , who were pregnant at the time of diagnosis or treatment, were identified from review of morbidity and mortality statistics between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1991. All medical records were examined retrospectively. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity2622 in our population was 1.2 cases per 10,000 pregnancies. Most @entity1 had stage I lesions. The predominant histologic cell type was @entity957 , followed by @entity1962 and @entity420 . Eight @entity1 with stage Ia or Ib cervical @entity5 postponed therapy to optimize fetal outcome, with a mean diagnosis-to-treatment interval of 144 days (range 53-212). Nineteen @entity1 elected immediate treatment, with a mean diagnosis-to-treatment interval of 17 days (range 2-42). Fetal outcome was uniformly good for the delayed-treatment group. Nine @entity5617 and two neonatal deaths occurred in the immediate-treatment group. All @entity1 who delayed therapy are free of disease after a median follow-up of 23 months. CONCLUSION: Deliberate delay of therapy to achieve fetal maturity appears to be a reasonable option for @entity1 with @entity5 complicating pregnancy.

title: XXXX in pregnancy: reporting on planned delay in therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I cervical cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal deaths']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe microdebrider removal of @entity2695 and evaluate the efficacy of this procedure. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at an otorhinolaryngology department. Seven consecutive @entity1 with @entity2695 who failed to respond to pharmacologic treatment were treated by microdebrider removal under suspension laryngoscopy. Respiratory symptoms and @entity2695 status were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 at disease onset was 68 days (range, 24-120 days), and their mean age at the time of surgical treatment was 132 days (range, 55-195 days). Their initial pharmacologic treatment included @entity230 , @entity1169 , and/or antibiotics. The mean percentage of @entity1224 was initially 36% (range, 30-50%), and this value changed to 61% (50-80) before surgery. Microdebrider removal of @entity2695 was successful in all @entity1 without any @entity260 . The mean operative time was 30 min (range, 21-47 min). Three @entity1 required orotracheal intubation for 12 or 24h after surgery, and no reintubation or tracheotomy was required in this series. Symptoms such as stridor and inspiratory retraction were resolved approximately 72 h after surgery, but wheezing was generally resolved at a later time point. One year later, no respiratory symptom was noted in these @entity1 , and endoscopic examination revealed a sufficient glottis opening. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical removal with a microdebrider is advantageous as a routine surgical technique for small and moderate pediatric @entity2695 .

title: Microdebrider removal under suspension laryngoscopy: an alternative surgical technique for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic hemangiomas', 'hemangioma', 'hemangiomas', 'subglottic hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative or postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['subglottic hemangioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity458 has become a national concern and one that is increasingly recognized in the field of medicine. Although there are reports of the sexual harassment of medical trainees, there is little information on the prevalence of this problem and whether it is adequately addressed by training institutions. METHODS: Surveys with descriptions and examples of sexual harassment were mailed to 133 internal medicine residents in a university training program. The residents were asked to report anonymously whether they had encountered @entity458 medical school or residency, the frequency and type of harassment, its effect on them, whether they chose to report it to a @entity1 in authority, and the factors that influenced this decision. RESULTS: Surveys were returned by 82 residents (response rate, 62 percent), 33 @entity1 and 49 @entity1 . Twenty-four @entity1 (73 percent) and 11 @entity1 (22 percent) reported that they had been sexually harassed at least once during their training. The @entity1 were more likely than the @entity1 to have been physically harassed, and the @entity1 's harassers were of higher professional status. Among those harassed, 19 of the @entity1 (79 percent) and 5 of the @entity1 (45 percent) thought that the experience created a hostile environment or interfered with their performance at work, but only 2 @entity1 and no @entity1 reported their experiences to an authority. The @entity1 cited a lack of confidence that they would be helped as the main reason for not reporting the experience, whereas @entity1 most commonly said that they had dealt with the problem without the need for outside assistance. CONCLUSIONS: Many medical trainees encounter what they believe to be @entity458 medical school or residency, and this often creates a hostile learning and work environment. Training institutions need to address the adverse effects this may have on medical education and @entity1 care.

title: XXXX in medical training.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual harassment during', 'Sexual harassment']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Sexual harassment']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study ethnic differences in mortality from @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) in two large, population-based datasets. METHODS: We analysed the national @entity204 data (1979-98) from the National Center for Health Statistics (Hyattsville, Maryland, USA) and hospitalisation data (1993-2002) from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest hospitalisation database in the US. RESULTS: The overall, unadjusted, @entity1252 mortality in the National Center for Health Statistics data was 4.6 per million, whereas the proportion of in-hospital mortality from the NIS was 2.9%. African-Americans had disproportionately higher mortality risk than Caucasians (all-cause mortality relative risk adjusted for age = 1.24 ( @entity1 ), 1.36 ( @entity1 ); @entity1252 mortality relative risk = 3.91 ( @entity1 ), 2.40 ( @entity1 )). Excess risk was found among in-hospital deaths (odds ratio adjusted for age = 1.4 ( @entity1 ), 1.3 ( @entity1 )). @entity204 rates increased overall from 1979 to 98 (p<0.001). The proportional increase was greatest among African-Americans. Among Caucasian @entity1 , @entity204 rates declined significantly (p<0.001), but rates did not change substantially for African-American @entity1 . The African-American:Caucasian mortality ratio rose with time among @entity1 , but there was little change among @entity1 . In analyses of the NIS data adjusted for age, the in-hospital mortality risk decreased with time among Caucasian @entity1 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: African-Americans with @entity1252 have 2-3-fold higher @entity1252 mortality risk than Caucasians. The magnitude of the risk disparity is disproportionately higher than the disparity in all-cause mortality. A @entity1252 -specific biological factor, as opposed to socioeconomic and access-to-care factors, may be responsible for this phenomenon.

title: Ethnicity and mortality from XXXX in the US.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: AIMS: To estimate the incidence of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) and study the use of chemoprophylaxis for @entity9178 in @entity1 in Wales, and to identify potential areas for improving prevention and management. METHODS: Active surveillance for @entity378 in @entity1 aged 0-15 years from July 1996 to December 2003, using the Welsh Paediatric Surveillance Scheme. RESULTS: A total of 232 @entity1 , 102 with active @entity378 (2.3 per 100 000) and 130 with @entity9178 (2.9 per 100 000), were identified. Nearly half (45%) belonged to ethnic minorities (19% were of black African origin), a much higher proportion than the base population. @entity358 was the most common presentation (47%), including six (9%) @entity1 who were sputum smear positive. There were 10 cases of disseminated @entity378 , nearly all in white @entity1 under 10 years of age. Less than two thirds of eligible @entity1 (27/46, 59%) were known to have received BCG immunisation. The source of @entity281 was an adult household contact in most cases, but was not known in 44 cases, particularly among teenagers. Four community outbreaks occurred during the surveillance period, including three in high schools. CONCLUSION: @entity378 incidence in @entity1 in Wales remains low, but the epidemiology is changing with an increasing proportion of cases in black African @entity1 . The high proportion of @entity1 with disseminated @entity378 is of particular concern. @entity378 in teenagers was often associated with school outbreaks. Many eligible @entity1 do not receive BCG immunisation, indicating further scope for prevention.

title: Active surveillance for XXXX in Wales: 1996-2003.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['active tuberculosis', 'TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We analyze the risk factors which have an influence on @entity170 . We study the relationship between the beginning of menopause and both ponderal index and @entity286 consumption. DESIGN: A two-year long prospective study. SETTING: Hortaleza Council Health Center, Madrid. @entity1 : 504 @entity1 who took part in the Menopause Programa from may 1994 to may of 1996. All of them have had a quantitative computerized tomography. MEASUREMENTS: We analyze the following risk factors: family background, @entity286 consumption, @entity460 intake, physical exercise and ponderial index. We studied the risk factors frequency and its relation with @entity170 . A statistical analysis of that relation has been made. We studied the relationship between both ponderal index and the @entity286 consumption and the beginning of menopause. MAIN RESULTS: Every risk factor we have studied has an influence on @entity170 . However the lack of regular physical exercise together with a lower ponderial index seem to be the most outstanding risk factors: p = 0.024 for physical exercise and p = 0.05 for ponderal index. As to the age when menopause begins we have found out that among @entity1 who smoked menopause started 1.29 years earlier (p = 0.025). Meanwhile among @entity1 with a lower Quetelet rate menopause began 0.95 years earlier. CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors we have studied have an influence on the incidence of @entity2331 / @entity170 . The longer time of @entity2588 , the bigger influence. Prevention programs should start at an earlier age in order to avoid risk factors that depend on the @entity1 behavior. Menopause begins earlier in @entity1 who smoke and those who have a lower ponderal index.

title: [Risk factors related to XXXX and age of onset of menopause in the general population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: Five Siberian Husky @entity235 participated in an initial study to determine their physiological response to three types of exercise. Blood samples were taken prior to, and three minutes following, a 7.5 km free run and 6 km team sled run for the determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white blood cell counts, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, @entity880 dehydrogenase, @entity908 phosphokinase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Samples were also taken following a 90s sprint run. Heart rate was taken immediately after each run by palpation of the femoral pulse. Average heart rates following the 90s, 7.5 km and 6 km runs were 190 bpm, 211 bpm and 166 bpm, respectively. Mean @entity880 concentrations following the 90s, 7.5 km and 6 km runs were 1.74 mMol . 1(-1), 0.70 mMol . 1(-1), and 3.06 mMol . 1(-1), respectively. Elevation of @entity880 dehydrogenase and @entity908 phosphokinase was greatest following the 6 km sled run. Three of the above @entity235 were then studied before and after a 12 week interval training program, while three other @entity235 served as controls. The animals completed a three stage, submaximal treadmill test prior to and following the program. Pre and post blood samples were taken, and rectal temperature and heart rate were recorded continuously throughout the test. An analysis of variance was used to examine the significance of differences between and within groups. Although the response of heart rate, @entity880 , temperature and serum enzymes to submaximal exercise did not change with training significant differences between groups suggested that a more prolonged program may have resulted in such adaptations.

title: The physiological response of siberian husky XXXX to exercise: effect of interval training.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: In severe @entity1635 , traction (whether with a halo or instrumental) is known to expose @entity1 to @entity16 . However, @entity1 with @entity358 may benefit from halo traction during the course of the surgical treatment. The goal of treatment of @entity85 is, therefore, twofold: improvement of the respiratory function and avoidance of any @entity16 . We report our technique to treat a 17-year-old @entity1 with a multi-operated @entity1635 of 145 degrees and @entity3618 . Pre-operative halo gravity traction improved her vital capacity from 560 c.c. to 700 c.c., but led to mild @entity16 (clonus in the legs). To avoid further neurologic compromise, her first surgery consisted of posterior osteotomies and the implantation of two sliding rods connected to loose dominoes without any attempt at correction. Correction was then achieved over a 3-week period with a halofemoral traction. This allowed the two rods to slide while the neurologic status of the @entity1 was monitored. Her definitive surgery consisted of locking the dominoes and the application of a contralateral rod. Satisfactory outcome was achieved for both correction of the deformity (without neurologic sequels) and improvement of her pulmonary function (1200 c.c. at 2 years). This technique using sliding rods in combination with halofemoral traction can be useful in high-risk, very severe @entity1635 .

title: Halo femoral traction and sliding rods in the treatment of a neurologically compromised XXXX : technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms', 'neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['such deformities']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['congenital scoliosis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of choice of surgical procedure (anterior colporrhaphy, colposuspension, or needle suspension) to treat @entity3142 in @entity1 . We used multilevel modeling of data on 271 @entity1 in 18 hospitals in England in 1993-94. @entity1 -related factors included sociodemographic details, anatomical diagnosis, symptom severity, symptom impact, previous treatment, parity, comorbidity, and general health status. Surgeon-related factors were specialty, grade, and annual volume of procedures undertaken. Hospital teaching status was considered. Some @entity1 -related factors were associated with choice of procedure: @entity1 with a concomitant genital prolapse, with a history of high parity, and with no previous nonsurgical treatment were more likely to undergo an anterior colporrhaphy than a colposuspension or needle suspension (although this finding could be confounded by surgical specialty). In addition, @entity1 were more likely to be treated by colposuspension if their surgeon specialized in incontinence surgery (measured by annual volume of cases). Finally, being treated by needle suspension depended on there being a consultant surgeon familiar with the procedure at the hospital attended. While choice of surgical procedure depends partly on the @entity1 's anatomical diagnosis, it is also dependent on the specialty of the surgeon whom she consults and the hospital that she attends. This variability, in turn, could have implications for the @entity1 (as the relative effectiveness of the different procedures is unknown) and for the purchasers of care (as the relative cost-effectiveness of procedures is also unknown).

title: What determines the choice of procedure in XXXX surgery? The use of multilevel modeling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['stress incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the use of analgesic interventions in @entity1 with @entity174 presenting to a pediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and to explore the relationship between timely interventions and severity of injury. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study. Structured chart reviews were conducted on all eligible cases of acute supracondylar humerus @entity174 presenting to a single pediatric @entity341 over a 5-year period ending in December 2009. Two interventions were studied: administration of a systemic analgesic and placement of an immobilizing backslab. Criteria for timeliness were administration of an analgesic within 30 minutes from triage and placement of a backslab before radiography. Cases were dichotomized as nonsevere or severe based on whether the @entity174 was treated with casting alone or with another orthopedic intervention (closed reduction in the @entity341 or any procedure in the operating room). RESULTS: Of 160 eligible cases, 116 were classified as nonsevere and 44 as severe. The proportions receiving a timely analgesic were 3% and 11%, respectively, in these groups (P = 0.04 for difference). For backslab application, 16% and 61% received timely treatment in the nonsevere and severe groups, respectively (P = 0.000 for difference). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 presenting to a pediatric @entity341 with a @entity158 had low access to early systemic analgesics and backslab immobilization. Many factors may have played a role, including lack of mandated documentation of a formal @entity158 score and lack of a medical directive allowing triage nurses to administer analgesics in the institution studied.

title: Poor access to XXXX reduction interventions for pediatric @entity1 with supracondylar humerus @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'acute supracondylar fractures']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['timely pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and @entity28 are both associated with reduced physical capacity. The potential benefit of aerobic training on physical capacity has been recognized. The exercise intensity can be established using different methods mostly subjective or indirect. @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) is a direct and objective method that allows prescribing exercise intensity according to individual capacity. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of aerobic training at @entity1576 intensity on cardiopulmonary and functional capacities in @entity740 @entity1 with excess of body weight. METHODS: Ten @entity740 @entity1 (eight @entity1 , 49.7    10.1 years; BMI 30.4    3.5 kg/m  , @entity1011 clearance 39.4    9.8 mL/min/1.73 m  ) underwent training on a treadmill three times per week during 12 weeks. Cardiopulmonary capacity (ergoespirometry), functional capacity and clinical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: At the end of 12 weeks, VO2PEAK increased by 20%, and the speed at VO2PEAK increased by 16%. The training resulted in improvement in functional capacity tests, such as six-minute walk test (9.2%), two-minute step test (20.3%), arm curl test (16.3%), sit and stand test (35.7%), and time up and go test (15.3%). In addition, a @entity551 was observed despite no change in body weight, @entity1372 intake and antihypertensive medication. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise performed at @entity1576 intensity improved cardipulmonary and functional capacities of overweight @entity740 @entity1 . Additional benefit on blood pressure was observed. These results suggest that @entity1576 can be effectively applied for prescribing exercise intensity in this particular group of @entity1 .

title: Impact of training at ventilatory threshold on cardiopulmonary and functional capacity in overweight @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'Ventilatory threshold']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Unilateral intracranial focal nonprogressive @entity4065 is often found in @entity1 with arterial @entity385 . We aimed to investigate the course of unilateral @entity932 in young adults. METHODS: We searched the Utrecht @entity64 Database for @entity1 between 16 and 50 years of age diagnosed with anterior circulation arterial @entity385 and a nonatherosclerotic, unilateral intracranial large-artery @entity4065 between 1991 and 2005. We assessed clinical features, potential causes, risk factors, extent of @entity1188 and @entity4065 at presentation, long-term angiographic course, and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Of 356 @entity1 with anterior circulation arterial @entity385 , 17 (5%) had a documented unilateral @entity932 , of whom 14 could be included for follow-up investigations (median age, 34 years; range, 27-49 years). Median duration of follow-up was 8.8 years (range, 1.7-12.8 years). In 11 @entity1 , onset of symptoms was not abrupt. The @entity4065 normalized completely in 5 and improved in 3 @entity1 ; in none of the @entity1 did the @entity4065 worsen. Two of 14 @entity1 had recurrent symptoms. Ten @entity1 (71%) had a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score <=2). CONCLUSIONS: In young adults, arterial @entity385 is rarely caused by a unilateral @entity932 . Similar to @entity1 , onset of symptoms in young adults is often not abrupt and the @entity4065 may improve over time. Late recurrences were rare. Possibly, a monophasic inflammatory process, as has been suggested for childhood intracranial focal nonprogressive arteriopathies, also occurs in young adults.

title: The course of unilateral @entity932 in young adults with arterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4065 :: ('MESH:C537440', 'Disease') :: ['arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that intravenous antibiotics given intra-operatively reduce the failure rate of @entity789 repair. DESIGN: A single blind, randomised controlled trial. SETTING: A district hospital in Benin, West Africa. POPULATION: Seventy-nine @entity1 undergoing repair of an @entity789 by a single surgeon at Hopital Evangelique; two @entity1 had repeat operations. METHODS: @entity1 in the treatment group (n = 41) received @entity869 500 mg intra-operatively. Controls (n = 40) received no prophylactic antibiotics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Failure of fistula closure and objective @entity322 (a positive pad test) at hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included febrile morbidity, other antibiotic use and @entity293 . RESULTS: Antibiotic prophylaxis did not reduce the odds of failed repair (OR 2.1 95% CI 0.75-6.1) or of objective @entity322 (OR 1.9; 95% CI 0.72-5.1). The @entity1 in the antibiotic prophylaxis group received less post-operative antibiotics and had less urinary infections at day 10. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic antibiotics should not be used in vesico-vaginal fistulae repair in the developing world outside randomised controlled trials.

title: A randomised controlled trial of antibiotic prophylaxis for XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric vesico-vaginal fistula', 'vesico-vaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection']

answer: @entity789 :: (MESH:D014719,Disease) :: ['vesico-vaginal fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Viscosupplementation with intra-articular @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) is an alternative to the treatment of symptomatic @entity626 ( @entity571 ) with @entity158 relieving drugs. Sinovial, is a sterile, non-pyrogenic 0.8% solution of highly purified @entity4023 for intra-articular application. The aim of the present study was to investigate the safety and tolerability profile of this preparation in @entity1 with symptomatic knee @entity571 over 24 weeks. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a single group, open-label study, including outpatients of both sexes, aged between 18 and 85 years, with symptomatic knee @entity571 . All @entity1 underwent weekly intra-articular injections of @entity7245 for 5 consecutive weeks and were followed-up for 19 additional weeks. The safety and tolerability profile (primary endpoint) was assessed by adverse event (AE) reporting. The secondary endpoint was efficacy evaluated by changes in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) score vs. baseline. @entity1 and physician satisfaction were also recorded. RESULTS: Intra-articular @entity7245 was generally well tolerated. The most frequent AE was @entity158 at the injection site (5.8% of the injections); no serious treatment-related AE was reported. The WOMAC score was significantly reduced within the first 2 weeks of treatment (from 4.02 +/- 1.90 to 3.55 +/- 2.04, p = 0.0011), further decreased by the end of the injection series (week 6: 2.59 +/- 1.90; p < 0.0001) and maintained during the follow-up (week 24: 2.44 +/- 1.88; p < 0.0001). The WOMAC subscores were also significantly reduced from week 4 for ' @entity158 ' and from week 6 for 'stiffness' and 'physical function'. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, @entity7334 was well tolerated and safe in @entity1 with symptomatic knee @entity571 . Based on the sustained improvements in WOMAC score and subscores, a carry-over effect lasting for at least 19 weeks after the last injection may be proposed. These results further confirm the evidence of efficacy and safety of @entity7334 in the management of knee @entity571 .

title: Overall tolerability and analgesic activity of intra-articular @entity4023 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['hyaluronic acid', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular HA']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: Invasiveness is a common feature of trophoblast and @entity5 ; however, while @entity5 invasion is uncontrolled, trophoblast invasion is strictly regulated. Both trophoblast and @entity5 cells express high levels of the immunomodulatory @entity1420 -induced blocking factor ( @entity50665 ), therefore, we aimed to test the possibility that @entity50665 might be involved in invasion. To this aim, we used @entity50665 -silenced or @entity50665 -treated trophoblast (HTR8/Svneo, and primary trophoblast) and @entity5 (HT-1080, A549, HCT116, @entity5049 ) cell lines. Silencing of @entity50665 increased invasiveness as well as @entity1476 ,-9 secretion of HTR8/SVneo, and decreased those of HT-1080 cells. @entity50665 induced immediate @entity8850 activation in both cell lines. Silencing of @entity9597 abrogated all the above effects of @entity50665 , suggesting that invasion-related signaling by @entity50665 is initiated through the @entity9597 / @entity50665 -receptor complex. In HTR-8/SVneo, @entity50665 induced fast, but transient Akt and ERK phosphorylation, whereas in @entity5 cells, @entity50665 triggered sustained Akt, ERK, and late @entity4104 activation. The late signaling events might be due to indirect action of @entity50665 . @entity50665 induced the expression of EGF and @entity20107 in HT-1080 cells. The @entity4104 -activating effect of @entity50665 was reduced in @entity20107 -deficient HT-1080 cells, suggesting that @entity50665 -induced @entity20107 contributes to late @entity4104 activation. @entity50665 binds to the promoters of @entity650 , EGF, and @entity20107 ; however, the protein profile of the protein/DNA complex is different in the two cell lines. We conclude that in @entity5 cells, @entity50665 induces proteins, which activate invasion signaling, while-based on our previous data- @entity50665 might control trophoblast invasion by suppressing proinvasive genes.

title: XXXX -induced blocking factor differentially regulates trophoblast and @entity5 invasion by altering matrix metalloproteinase activity.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['Progesterone']


abstract: The effect of residual C-peptide secretion in longer standing @entity1723 on glycaemic control and the prevalence and evolution of complications over 2 years was evaluated. Thirty-one subjects with @entity1723 of 15.4 (1.5) years duration (mean SEM)) and residual C-peptide secretion, were matched for age, duration of @entity6 and body mass index with 31 subjects without detectable C-peptide secretion. At trial entry and over 2 years, levels of @entity4051 , @entity9208 and mean blood @entity413 were essentially similar in both groups. Levels of glycated albumin (GSA) were significantly higher in the C-peptide negative group after 3 and 9 months (P less than 0.05). An increased prevalence of @entity989 in the C-peptide negative group and of @entity1095 in the C-peptide secretor group was apparent at entry to the study (both P less than 0.05), although no significant differences were observed after 1 or 2 years. There was no difference in the prevalence of peripheral or autonomic @entity16 , @entity101 , @entity8 or @entity299 . Subjects with C-peptide concentrations greater than 0.100 pmol/ml at entry to this study had lower daily @entity2690 requirements after 1 and 2 years, but behaved like the larger group with any detectable C-peptide secretion in all other respects. Residual C-peptide secretion was lost after 1 year in 7 @entity1 , in whom glycaemic control during the year had been particularly poor. @entity2690 antibody titres were no different in the 2 groups at any time point. This study suggests that residual C-peptide secretion in longer standing @entity1723 confers the potential for limited improvements in glycaemic control. This effect appears to be insufficient to prevent the evolution of microvascular complications over a 2-year period. Residual C-peptide secretion and relative hyperinsulinaemia may be associated with an excess of @entity1095 .

title: The relevance of persistent C-peptide secretion in type 1 ( XXXX -dependent) @entity6 mellitus to glycaemic control and @entity6 complications.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: A 3-yr field trial was conducted on 8 commercial @entity1707 farms in Illinois to determine the effectiveness of a feline @entity3204 vaccine in reducing the exposure of @entity1707 to @entity3204 . A vaccine consisting of live bradyzoites of the mutant T-263 strain, capable of preventing oocyst shedding by @entity468 , was used in this study. Each farm was visited 3 times in 1994, 3 times in 1995, and once in 1996. @entity468 were trapped and inoculated with the T-263 oral vaccine during 1994 and 1995. On each visit, the following samples were collected: blood from @entity1707 , @entity468 , and @entity19 for detection of serum antibodies to @entity3204 , feces from @entity468 to detect oocysts, and heart and brain tissues from rodents to determine the presence of @entity3204 tissue cysts. The modified agglutination test (MAT), with a positive titer set at the 1:25 dilution, was used to determine serum antibodies. At first capture, 72.6% (61/84) of juvenile @entity468 and 32.6% (31/95) of adult @entity468 had no detectable antibodies (seronegative), indicating no prior exposure to @entity3204 when they received their first vaccine. Of these first-time seronegative @entity468 , 58.1% (18/31) of adult and 45.9% (28/61) of juvenile @entity468 were recaptured and received a second dose of vaccine. Changes in the prevalence of @entity3204 infection were evaluated from the prevaccination (1992, 1993) to the postvaccination (1996) period. Eleven @entity468 (5%) were detected shedding oocysts between 1994 and 1996, of which 10 (90.1%) shed during 1994. The last detection of oocyst shedding by @entity468 was during the first farm visit in 1995. There was a significant decrease in @entity3204 seroprevalence for finishing @entity1707 (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon sign rank test). There was a positive correlation (Spearman's p = 1.0, P < 0.0001) between the change in prevalence in juvenile @entity468 and the change in prevalence in finishing @entity1707 . The seropositivity rate (MAT > or = 1:25) in @entity19 among all farms decreased from 4% in 1992-1993 to 0% in 1996. The mean prevalence of @entity3204 tissue cyst isolation for @entity19 on all farms decreased from 1.1% in 1994, to 0.8% in 1995, and to 0.5% in 1996. The results of this study suggest that the reduced exposure of @entity1707 to @entity3204 was due to the administration of the @entity3204 vaccine to @entity468 .

title: A field trial of the effectiveness of a feline XXXX vaccine in reducing @entity3204 exposure for @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: The clinical efficacy and tolerability of the topical receptor-selective retinoid @entity555 in the treatment of @entity5657 was investigated. Twelve consecutive @entity1 with different forms of @entity5654 were enrolled in an open, non-randomized, intraindividually controlled, half-side pilot study. Diagnoses were @entity1112 , non-erythrodermic @entity17433 , @entity6248 and @entity5377 ( @entity5377 ). @entity555 0.05% gel was applied unilaterally daily on a defined body area measuring 10% of the body surface area. The contralateral side was treated with an ointment containing 10% @entity1133 . After 14 days, application frequency was reduced to three times a week, and stopped after another 2 weeks. The follow-up period was 3 months. Reduction in scaling and roughness was used to assess the clinical response in the @entity555 -treated area compared with the control area. Clinical and laboratory assessments were performed every 14 days during the trial. Unilateral improvement in favour of the @entity555 -treated side was observed in nine of 12 @entity1 (75%). Four @entity1 (33%) achieved an excellent response and four (33%) achieved a good response. No therapeutic effect was seen in @entity1 with @entity5377 . The remission persisted during the reduction phase and after discontinuation for up to 2 months. Local irritation in three @entity1 was the only side-effect detectable. Short-term topical application of @entity555 0.05% gel is a very effective and well-tolerated treatment modality in different forms of @entity5657 and may be an alternative to systemic retinoid therapy.

title: Effect of topical @entity555 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5377 :: ('MESH:D053560', 'Disease') :: ['ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked recessive ichthyosis']

entities_list: @entity17433 :: ('MESH:D017490', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive lamellar ichthyosis']

entities_list: @entity555 :: ('MESH:C086827', 'Chemical') :: ['tazarotene', 'Tazarotene']

entities_list: @entity5654 :: ('MESH:C538281', 'Disease') :: ['congenital ichthyosis']

entities_list: @entity5657 :: ('MESH:D007057', 'Disease') :: ['congenital ichthyoses']

entities_list: @entity6248 :: ('MESH:D016112', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris']

answer: @entity5657 :: (MESH:D007057,Disease) :: ['congenital ichthyoses']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Chronic cerebrospinal fluid leakage is a perplexing management problem in skull base surgery, as well as craniofacial and certain otolaryngologic procedures. When all less invasive techniques have been tried and have failed, craniotomy for direct repair is often done. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: This case represents one such case in which the pathology found required an unusual application of a common surgical adjunct for correction. The @entity1 in question had experienced @entity2841 @entity5254 intermittently for 10 years prior to presentation. Several intracranial procedures had failed to curtail the @entity5254 , after failure of lumbar drainage and other less invasive procedures had also failed. The @entity1 was taken to surgery again for an attempt to directly correct the @entity2841 leak, after demonstration of the location of the leak was accomplished with the assistance of contrasted coronal CT images of the anterior fossa. TECHNIQUE: At the time of surgery, comminuted @entity174 of the floor of the anterior fossa were noted. These @entity174 were associated with multiple sites of dural impingement. Following meticulous repair of all dural injuries, reconstruction of the floor of the anterior fossa was accomplished with the use of @entity702 micro mesh. The mesh placement isolated the dura from further contact with the @entity174 surfaces, preventing recurrent @entity130 . CONCLUSION: The use of @entity702 mesh in skull base surgery has previously been reported in @entity2122 . Its use in skull base applications may prove useful in certain situations. This @entity1 remains asymptomatic nearly 2 years after its use, longer than with any previous procedures to correct his chronic @entity2841 leakage.

title: Skull base reconstruction utilizing XXXX mesh in chronic @entity2841 leakage repair.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial and cranial vault procedures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['dural injury']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: We present an incidentally discovered, unusual case of @entity1074 associated with massive crystal storing histiocytosis in a 69-year-old @entity1 . The @entity5 was masked by large numbers of epithelioid and spindled histiocytes containing crystalline material. Histochemical stains showed intracytoplasmic crystals and immunoperoxidase staining confirmed the histiocytic nature of the swollen cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated the characteristic appearance of immunoglobulin crystals. @entity75 were identified on immunohistochemical staining, compounding suspicions of an underlying @entity706 . Molecular studies later revealed a monoclonal B-cell population. The @entity1 had no systemic evidence of a @entity1581 . Crystal storing histiocytosis is a rare phenomenon in which macrophages accumulate light chain or immunoglobulin crystalline inclusions. The disease may be systemic, or localized as in this case. It is usually associated with the excess production of a monoclonal immunoglobulin, although there have been many case reports without this feature. An overview of crystal storing histiocytosis is given.

title: Pulmonary extranodal marginal XXXX with massive crystal storing histiocytosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['paraproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary bronchial mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic process']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['zone lymphoma']


abstract: There is increasing evidence to suggest that @entity2135 and II play a crucial role in fetal lung development. Expression of @entity2135 and II has been demonstrated to be predominant during fetal life and decreases prior to birth. Antenatal glucocorticoids are reported to improve lung immaturity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of antenatal glucocorticoid administration on @entity2135 and II expression in @entity25327 -induced @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) in @entity35 . A @entity2914 model was induced in pregnant @entity35 following administration of 100 mg @entity25327 on day 9.5 of gestation (term = 22 days). @entity619 (0.25 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally on days 18.5 and 19.5 of gestation. Cesarean section was performed on day 21. The fetuses were divided into three groups: I, normal controls; II, @entity25327 -induced @entity2914 ; and III, @entity1568 -induced @entity2914 with antenatal @entity619 treatment. mRNA was extracted from whole lung and a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the relative amounts of @entity10680 mRNA. Levels of mRNA were expressed as a ratio of the band density divided by that of beta-actin, a housekeeping gene known to be expressed at a constant level. Immunohistochemistry using anti-rat @entity2135 and II antibody was also performed in each group. Levels of @entity2135 mRNA were significantly increased in group II (0.50 +/- 0.08) compared to group I (0.34 +/- 0.10) or group III (0.32 +/- 0.06) (P < 0.05). Levels of @entity2620 mRNA were also significantly increased in group II (0.95 +/- 0.20) compared to group I (0.42 +/- 0.07) or group III (0. 31 +/- 0.09) (P < 0.05). Strong @entity2135 and II expression was observed in the @entity2914 (group II), mainly in the bronchiolar epithelium. @entity2135 and II expression in group I and III lungs was either absent or weak. The finding of significant reductions in @entity10680 mRNA and protein levels in @entity619 -treated @entity2914 lung suggest that @entity619 may accelerate the fetal stage of lung development.

title: Effect of antenatal glucocorticoid administration on insulin-like growth factor I and II levels in hypoplastic lung in @entity25327 -induced @entity2914 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic CDH lung', 'congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF I', 'IGF-I', 'insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity698 is one of the most common surgical @entity341 and is also a time-sensitive condition. Delays in treatment increase the risk of appendiceal perforation (AP), and thus AP rates have been used as a proxy to measure access to surgical care. It is very well known that in Brazil there are big differences between the public and private healthcare systems. Those differences can reflect in the treatment of what are considered simple cases, like @entity698 . As far as we know, it has no known links to behavioral or social risk factors, and has only one treatment option--appendectomy. The purpose of this study was to compare treatment received by Brazilian @entity1 , both by those who depend on the public and private healthcare system, and how it affects their outcome. METHODS: Data was collected from the records of all @entity1 submitted to appendectomy, in a public and in a private Sao Paulo city's hospitals, during January to April of 2010. RESULTS: @entity1 admitted by the public hospital present symptoms for a longer period of time than those treated by the private one. It took a significantly higher amount of time for the @entity1 from the public hospital undergo surgery, and their length of stay is also significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: @entity698 in a public scenario is associated with increased time from onset of symptoms to operative intervention and the main reason is the delayed presentation. Clinical polices for @entity490 should be instituted by the public healthcare system, based on population education, healthcare professionals training and establishment of strategies that can speed the diagnosis process up.

title: XXXX : what does really make the difference between private and public hospitals?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['Appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['Appendicitis']


abstract: Reintroduction of @entity141 or modification of internal @entity141 stores by @entity5834 results in widespread irreversible injury. The adult @entity329 , however, is immune to such insult and the present report investigates the phenomenon. Isolated Langendorff perfused hamster and @entity35 heart were subjected to 15 min @entity141 -free perfusion followed by 30 min of @entity141 perfusion at 37 degrees C. @entity5834 was introduced during @entity141 -free perfusion in a number of experiments. Papillary muscles were processed for the ultra-structural study. The hamster heart did not exhibit the @entity460 paradox state whereas @entity35 heart did. Hamster heart treated with @entity5834 either throughout or 5 min after starting @entity141 -free perfusion showed 70%+/-8 or 65%+/-8. 42 recovery, respectively, when @entity141 reperfusion was performed. Ultrastructure of muscle from both groups showed relaxed myocytes with slight disorientation of the sarcomere register. This disorientation was not seen in hamster hearts undergoing the conventional @entity460 paradox protocol. The hamster cardiac muscle is remarkably tolerant to [ @entity141 ]()i loading either induced by @entity141 reperfusion or @entity5834 -induced sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 release. Structural and functional characterization of @entity141 depletion and repletion in the hamster heart have been discussed.

title: The hamster heart is resistant to XXXX paradox.

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['golden hamster']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Stress @entity322 is a bothersome complication of radical prostatectomy. Surgical treatment consists of the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS), the male sling and bulk injections. This study presents the results of the first series of implantations of ProACT in the Netherlands. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A non-validated questionnaire was sent to 29 male @entity1 implanted with ProACT to determine Stamey score, pad count and questions about quality of life and satisfaction. Complications, revisions and explantations were registered. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 41 months. Based on Stamey score four @entity1 are continent at the end and nine @entity1 according to the pad count. The average pad count decreased significantly. Remarkable was the high rate of dislocations and revisions and @entity1 ' satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: ProACT is a less invasive treatment compared to the AUS. However, the procedure is associated with a substantial revision and explantation rate. ProACT can be part of a so-called step-up approach before opting for a more invasive treatment.

title: ProACT for stress XXXX after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The physiological effects of @entity1811 inhibitors may act in part through a kinin-dependent mechanism. We investigated the effect of chronic @entity1811 -inhibitor treatment on functional kinin B(1)- and B(2)-receptor expression, which are the molecular entities responsible for the biological effects of kinins. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity35 were subjected to different 6-week treatments using various mixtures of the following agents: @entity1811 inhibitor, angiotensin @entity1129 (1)-receptor antagonist, and B(1)- and B(2)-receptor antagonists. Chronic @entity1811 inhibition induced both @entity8 (1)-receptor expression, whereas B(2)-receptor expression was not modified. Furthermore, with B(1)-receptor antagonists, it was shown that B(1)-receptor induction was involved in the @entity551 effect of @entity1811 inhibition. Using microdissection, we prepared 10 different @entity1347 and found @entity1811 -inhibitor-induced expression of functional B(1)-receptors in all segments. @entity1811 -inhibitor-induced B(1)-receptor induction involved homologous upregulation, because it was prevented by B(1)-receptor antagonist treatment. Finally, using B(2)-receptor knockout @entity19 , we showed that @entity1811 -inhibitor-induced B(1)-receptor expression was B(2)-receptor independent. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that chronic @entity1811 -inhibitor administration is associated with functional vascular and renal B(1)-receptor induction, which is involved in @entity1811 -inhibitor-induced @entity551 . The observed B(1)-receptor induction in the kidney might participate in the known renoprotective effects of @entity1811 inhibition.

title: Induction of functional bradykinin b(1)-receptors in normotensive XXXX and @entity19 under chronic Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and vascular B']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['nephron segments']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3483 are a common problem for @entity1 with @entity3 . Most @entity1 are treated with tube thoracostomy and sclerotherapy, although there remains no standard approach. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of @entity1732 with @entity3403 sclerotherapy for the treatment of @entity3483 using small-bore catheters. METHODS: All @entity1 with a symptomatic @entity3483 referred for chest tube drainage and sclerotherapy over a 2-year period were considered eligible. Using image guidance, a 14F self-retaining catheter was inserted into the pleural space and connected to continuous wall suction. When drainage fell below 200 mL/d, @entity1 were randomized to 60 U of @entity1732 or 500 mg of @entity3403 sclerotherapy. Response at 30 days was determined. RESULTS: One hundred six @entity1 were enrolled in the study. Fifteen @entity1 (29%) and 37 @entity1 (71%) with a mean age of 57 years received @entity1732 sclerotherapy. Twenty-one of the 29 @entity1 (72%) alive and evaluable at 30 days had successful sclerotherapy. Twenty-three @entity1 (43%) and 31 @entity1 (57%) with a mean age of 61 years received @entity3403 sclerotherapy. Twenty-three of the 29 @entity1 (79%) alive and evaluable at 30 days had successful sclerotherapy. There was no significant difference in response rates between @entity3403 and @entity1732 (p=0.760). CONCLUSIONS: These data continue to support a role for small-bore chest drainage and sclerotherapy, although there was no significant difference in 30-day response rates between @entity3403 and @entity1732 .

title: Sclerotherapy for @entity3483 : a prospective randomized trial of XXXX vs @entity3403 with small-bore catheter drainage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant pleural effusions', 'malignant pleural effusions', 'malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity3785 and high dose @entity1133 in five different NRF (New German Formulary) formulations have an effect on stratum corneum. METHODS: 20 healthy volunteers had their stratum corneum blacked with @entity7292 and a photographic developer, and a chromameter (a*-value) was used to determine the amount of discoloration produced by the study products and the drug free vehicles after 24 hours semiocclusive application and 24 hours later. The change in fingerpad ridge width produced by the study formulations and drugfree vehicles was determined at the same time, using the Hikoscope Dermatoscope after 30 and 35 minutes' use under an occlusive dressing. The results obtained with the two methods were correlated. RESULTS: All study formulations were effective. There were differences in the time course of the effects on the stratum corneum. The fingerpad ridge width method is not a measure of keratolytic activity because there were no significant correlations between the results obtained with the two methods. Also, 40% @entity1133 was keratolytic in the @entity7292 test, but had no effect of fingerpad ridge width. CONCLUSIONS: All NRF study formulations were effective in the stratum corneum. The fingerpad ridge width method is not a measure of keratolytic activity but rather of an other unknown effect of @entity3785 .

title: [Clinical effect of @entity3785 and high dose XXXX applied according to the standardized New German Formulary].

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

answer: @entity1133 :: (MESH:D014508,Chemical) :: ['urea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The low and highly variable oral bioavailability of the immunosuppressant @entity3446 is thought to result partly from genetic polymorphism of the @entity5396 gene. METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of the @entity5396 single-nucleotide polymorphism @entity23013 to the interindividual variability of @entity3446 pharmacokinetics in 47 renal transplant @entity1 at steady state, 21 of whom were also followed up for the first 3 months after transplantation. The @entity1 were administered @entity3446 , @entity618 , and corticosteroids but no @entity9909 . They were genotyped for @entity5396 *3 by use of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction based on the 5'-nuclease allelic discrimination assay. Full @entity3446 blood concentration profiles were measured at steady state (3 months after transplantation or more) in all @entity1 , as well as at weeks 1 and 2 and month 1 in 21 of these @entity1 , by use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The @entity3446 area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was calculated via the standard noncompartmental approach. Maximal concentration (C(max)) and trough level (C(0)) values were measured. RESULTS: Significantly lower AUC/dose, C(max)/dose, and C(0)/dose values were found at steady state (n = 47) in individuals carrying at least 1 @entity5396 *1 allele (n = 6) than in *3/*3 @entity1 (26.6 +/- 15.7 versus 51.1 +/- 21.1 [P = .008], 4.8 +/- 3.3 versus 7.7 +/- 3.3 [P = .02], and 1.5 +/- 0.8 versus 3.0 +/- 1.5 [P = .01], respectively), as well as during all posttransplant periods in the subgroup of 21 @entity1 who were followed up for the first 3 months after transplantation (n = 21) (P < .05 always). @entity1 with the @entity5396 *1/*1 and *1/*3 genotypes required a significantly higher @entity3446 daily dose to achieve the same blood concentration at steady state as *3/*3 @entity1 . In @entity1 followed up for the first 3 months after transplantation, C(0) levels within the target range were only achieved after 1 to 3 months of repeated dosing and dose adjustment in both genotypic groups. CONCLUSION: These results confirm that @entity3446 metabolic activity and oral clearance are significantly decreased in @entity1 who are homozygous for the @entity5396 *3 single-nucleotide polymorphism and suggest that the determination of this polymorphism could be useful for a priori dose adjustment of @entity3446 , given the long half-life of this drug.

title: @entity5396 *3 influences XXXX oral clearance in de novo and stable renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: A 23-year-old @entity1 presented to the emergency department with severe @entity10 , @entity390 and @entity221 . She was treated with intravenous antibiotics for suspected @entity693 . After a brief period of response, her symptoms relapsed and remained refractory despite continuing intravenous antibiotics for 10 days leading to referral to our centre. Physical examination was significant for tender right cervical lymph node. Initial tests included @entity3043 , elevated @entity1851 , @entity880 dehydrogenase and unremarkable cerebrospinal fluid. Extensive infectious and rheumatology work-up was negative. Massive posterior cervical, axillary and @entity3329 was revealed on imaging. Excisional biopsy of the deep cervical lymph node showed histiocytic necrotising @entity3298 suggesting a diagnosis of @entity19865 . Her course was complicated by @entity810 . Her symptoms resolved in about a week with supportive treatment along with improvement in @entity3043 and renal function. She had two additional self-limited recurrences in the next 3 months and remains symptom free thereafter.

title: Relapsing @entity221 and XXXX in a young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity19865 :: ('MESH:D020042', 'Disease') :: ['Kikuchi disease']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['occipital headache']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity3329 :: (MESH:D008206,Disease) :: ['lymphadenopathy']


abstract: Experiments were performed to investigate the modifications of electrical activity and the loss of contraction by examination of the ultrastructure. These alterations were obtained with a control physiological solution (artificial sea water, ASW) which was made @entity4372 by adding @entity969 , @entity653 , @entity1877 or @entity1133 . 1. Under these conditions, the ultrastructural results show that: a) all those substances induce a modification of the coupling junction (either diad or triad). This modification can explain the inhibition of the mechanical phenomenon; b) @entity969 (Figs. 6C and 6D) and @entity653 (Figs. 4A and 4B) induce alterations of the surface membrane and of the tubular system (less important with @entity653 ). They can explain the decrease of the resting potential and the abolishment or the modification of the action potential; c) in contrast, @entity1877 (Figs. 7A to 7E) and @entity1133 (Figs. 9A to 9F) only modify the organisation of the coupling junction. The action potential is maintained. 2. A short exposure of the fibre in an isotonic @entity969 solution (Figs. 5A to 5D) deeply modifies the tubular system, particularly, in cutting it off from the sarcolemma. 3. @entity1877 and @entity1133 produce similar changes in the ultrastructure but as @entity1133 is not ionized, it can be added to the ASW to investigate the electrical phenomenon which cannot be modified by contraction.

title: [Effects of XXXX solutions on the excitation-contraction coupling of the skeletal muscle fibre of the crab. II. Ultrastructural aspects (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1877 :: ('MESH:D002794', 'Chemical') :: ['choline chloride', 'Choline chloride']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

answer: @entity4372 :: (MESH:D009122,Disease) :: ['hypertonic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the minimal core length to be taken per cc of prostate volume for an effective prostate biopsy. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the records of 379 @entity1 who underwent a first prostate biopsy with 12 to 16 cores under transrectal ultrasound guidance between September 2012 and April 2015. For each @entity1 , the core length per cc of the prostate and the percentage of sampled prostate volume were calculated, and these values were compared between the @entity1 with and without @entity263 . RESULTS: A total of 348 @entity1 were included in the study. @entity5 was determined in 26.4% of @entity1 . The mean core length taken per cc of prostate and the percentage of sampled prostate volume were determined to be 3.40    0.15  mm/cc (0.26%; range, 0.08-0.63 cc) in @entity1 with @entity5 and 2.75    0.08  mm/cc (0.20%; range, 0.04-0.66 cc) in @entity1 without @entity5 (P  = .000 and P  = .000), respectively. Core length taken per cc of prostate of > 3.31  mm/cc was found to be related to an increase in the rates of @entity263 diagnosis (odds ratio, 2.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.68-4.78). The rate of @entity5 determination for core length taken per cc of prostate of  < 3.31  mm/cc was 19.9% and of > 3.31  mm/cc, 41.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Core length taken per cc of prostate and the percentage of sampled prostate volume are important morphometric @entity263 . The results of study suggest a core length per cc of the prostate of > 3.31  mm/cc as a cutoff value for quality assurance.

title: Does Core Length Taken per cc of Prostate Volume in Prostate Biopsy Affect the Diagnosis of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'parameters in the determination of prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1086 is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. An appropriate @entity1 xenograft animal model could serve as a research tool to investigate new therapeutic strategies. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: To date, the few reports describing a xenograft animal model showed significant limitations. We improved a @entity19 orthotopic @entity1 xenotransplantation model by implanting @entity1 @entity1086 cells directly into the lumen of the gallbladder. METHODS: Mz-ChA-1 cells were orthotopically injected into the gallbladder of @entity466 ( @entity466 ) beige @entity19 inducing the growth of @entity5 . The natural course of the disease, @entity5 growth, and @entity3 were analyzed. The cytotoxic drug @entity136 was tested in vitro and in vitro. RESULTS: All animals revealed @entity5 in the inoculated area with liver infiltration. The median @entity5 volume in the untreated group was significantly higher than in the @entity136 -treated group. Immunohistochemical staining revealed expression of @entity1 @entity5822 and @entity10585 . To analyze @entity5 cell proliferation, the @entity5 were stained for the antigen Ki-67, and labeling indices were calculated for both groups. Animals receiving @entity136 treatment showed significantly lower mean labeling indices. In vitro investigation revealed a significant reduction of DNA synthesis. DNA fragmentation, as a measure of apoptosis, was elevated by roughly 20% within 24 h of treatment. With this, we successfully established an orthotopic xenotransplant animal model and investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of @entity136 in @entity1 xenografted Mz-ChA-1 @entity420 . CONCLUSION: This model resembles the clinical situation as closely as possible and offers a relevant option for the preclinical testing of new therapeutic strategies.

title: Establishment of a novel orthotopic xenograft model of XXXX @entity1086 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['Severe Combined Immune Deficiency', 'SCID']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) is rarely reported after bowel preparation with @entity10457 . We report a @entity1 with mild @entity30 (in remission), without history of @entity8 , and with normal baseline renal function, who developed @entity810 14 days after bowel preparation for colonoscopy with oral @entity10457 . A renal biopsy showed multifocal @entity78 deposition in the renal tubules against a background of diffuse chronic @entity130 . Review of the literature suggested 2 distinct patterns of @entity810 in the context of @entity10457 bowel cleansing. One pattern is characterized by @entity810 , which develops a few hours or days after @entity10457 administration, as a component of a @entity262 associated with severe @entity2265 and @entity3747 . Correction of these electrolyte abnormalities was frequently associated with rapid recovery of renal function. The cause of @entity810 in this context was not clear because the favorable outcome negated the need for renal biopsy. In the second pattern, exemplified by the current @entity1 , @entity810 was identified incidentally. These @entity1 did not have any features of an acute syndrome immediately after @entity10457 administration and presented much later (usually weeks) with mild, nonspecific symptoms. At the time of presentation, the serum @entity460 and @entity1391 levels were normal. The renal biopsies in each of these @entity1 showed @entity11604 as the possible cause of @entity810 . The @entity177 improved at least partially in most of these @entity1 , but persisted in rare cases.

title: @entity177 and @entity11604 associated with oral XXXX bowel cleansing: clinical patterns and renal biopsy findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure', 'ARF']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial injury']

answer: @entity10457 :: (MESH:C018279,Chemical) :: ['sodium phosphate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To clarify the involvement of prostaglandins and renal haemodynamics in the pathogenesis of salt-induced @entity101 . DESIGN: Young (6-week-old) spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), a salt-sensitive @entity101 model, were used. METHODS: The effect of long-term (4-week) administration of @entity8533 (50 mg/100 g in the diet), which stimulates prostaglandins synthesis, was examined concerning the development of @entity101 in young SHR fed on 8% salt-containing diet. Whether the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor @entity3352 (3.0 mg/kg per day for the last 4 days of the treatment) attenuates the @entity101 was also studied. Renal haemodynamics were examined by clearance of inulin (glomerular filtration rate) and @entity5016 (renal plasma flow). RESULTS: Salt loading significantly accelerated the development of @entity101 , and the salt-induced blood pressure rise was significantly attenuated by @entity8533 , although @entity8533 did not attenuate the spontaneous development of @entity101 . The @entity551 effect of @entity8533 was abolished by @entity3352 . Glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were not changed with these treatments. However, the changes in renal vascular resistance were parallel to those in mean blood pressure: it was increased with salt loading, reversed by @entity8533 and increased by @entity3352 . Salt loading decreased urinary @entity1421 , @entity8533 reversed the effect of salt loading and @entity3352 inhibited the effect of @entity8533 . CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that the abnormality in @entity1421 contributes to the increased salt sensitivity in young SHR, probably through renal haemodynamic changes.

title: Involvement of prostaglandins and renal haemodynamics in salt-sensitivity of young spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity5016 :: ('CHEBI:64703', 'Chemical') :: ['para-aminohippurate']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity8533 :: ('MESH:C038068', 'Chemical') :: ['cicletanine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Background. @entity170 is a devastating, insidious disease that @entity2100 . Half of @entity1 will suffer @entity3604 during their lifetimes. Many @entity174 occur needlessly, because of inattentiveness to assessment, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of @entity170 . Study Purpose. Study Purpose. To evaluate the discriminatory performance of clinical decision rules to determine the need to undergo bone mineral density testing. Methods. A nationally representative sample from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey consisted of 14,060 subjects who completed surveys, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and bone mineral density exams. Multivariable linear regression tested the correlation of covariates that composed the clinical decision rules with bone mineral density. Results. Increased age and decreased weight were variables in the final regression models for each gender and race/ethnicity. Among the indices, the @entity170 Self-Assessment Tool, which is composed of age and weight, performed best for White @entity1 . Study Implications. These results have implications for the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity170 . The @entity170 Self-Assessment Tool performed best and is inexpensive and the least time consuming to implement.

title: Evaluation of Clinical Decision Rules for Bone Mineral Density Testing among White XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['causes skeletal fragility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allografts are used for vascular reconstruction in many forms of @entity299 . Although allografts induce anti-human leukocyte antibody (HLA) formation, much about this response is unknown. METHODS: Three groups of @entity1 aged 8 to 18 years old underwent analysis for class I and II anti-HLA antibodies using Luminex. Groups were defined by timing of allograft exposure and diagnosis at Norwood for @entity1699 (neonatal group), at Glenn for single-ventricle lesions not requiring arch reconstruction ( @entity1 group), and @entity299 repaired during infancy without allografts (controls). @entity1 had significant anti-HLA (sensitization) if mean fluorescence intensity was >=  1500. RESULTS: The study enrolled 29 @entity1 (median age, 10.1 years). Significant class I anti-HLA antibodies were seen in 44% (8 of 18) of the neonatal group, 25% (1 of 4) of the @entity1 group, and 14% (1 of 7) of controls; class II anti-HLA antibodies were seen in 44% (8 of 18) of the neonatal group, 25% (1 of 4) of the @entity1 group, and 29% (2 of 7) of controls. All @entity1 received fresh whole blood, but the neonatal group had greater exposure (p = 0.001). There was less sensitization with increasing time from last receipt of allograft(s) or blood transfusion (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to allograft at the Norwood procedure is associated with long-term sensitization to anti-HLA antibodies in 56% of @entity1 . Sensitization also occurs in those without prior exposure to allografts, may decrease over time, and appears related to whole blood. These findings have implications for those in whom heart transplant is considered late in the clinical course.

title: Persistence of anti-human leukocyte antibodies in XXXX late after surgery using allografts and whole blood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: Stress @entity322 (SUI) is a common @entity74 among @entity1 of all ages, which compromises their quality of life. It may compromise self-esteem, restrict lifestyle, strain relationships, and may ultimately lead to social embarrassment and isolation. Therefore, SUI management does not only imply cure or improvement of SUI, but also includes psychological and social assistance to help sufferers to cope with their condition. In this regard, it is important to acknowledge the role of the @entity1 in the selection of an appropriate treatment. Physicians and @entity1 can choose between conservative, pharmacological, and surgical treatments. Surgical techniques for SUI have evolved over the last 150 years. Accurate diagnosis of SUI is essential before surgery is undertaken. Many surgical procedures have been employed, which can be divided into four basic types: anterior colporrhaphy, colposuspensions, suburethral sling procedures, including TVT, as well as suburethral bulking agents. This wide variety of surgical procedures indicates the lack of consensus on which procedure is best. In most continence surgery, the benefit of restoring continence often comes at the expense of instigating new symptoms or exacerbating existing lower urinary tract symptoms.

title: [Surgical therapy for stress XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorder']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: Hochberg and Pruitt have reported @entity463 recurring within 2 cm of the primary site in 90% of @entity1 after whole-brain radiation therapy. They suggested that computerized tomography (CT) scan accuracy would permit smaller radiation fields. A treatment protocol with smaller-field focal brain irradiation following surgical resection is reported. The first 4500 cGy of radiation is focused to within a 3-cm margin around the @entity5 , with a 1500-cGy boost within a 1.5-cm margin. Forty-two @entity1 with grade III or IV @entity816 , treated with focal brain radiation therapy were reviewed retrospectively to assess patterns of @entity5 recurrence. Thirty @entity1 received intra-arterial @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) radiosensitization with focal brain radiation therapy, and 12 @entity1 underwent conventional focal brain radiation therapy. @entity5 margin was defined on preoperative and recurrence CT scans as the contrast-enhanced area; these were traced on @entity598 templates and compared with each other and with the actual scans. In all 42 @entity1 , the lesion recurred within a 2-cm margin of the original @entity5 . Four @entity1 had two recurrent areas: the second area was within the 2-cm margin in two, and outside this margin in two. These results are similar to those of Hochberg and Pruitt. It is suggested that focal irradiation is now the optimal treatment for @entity5 . Since recurrences continue to be within the irradiated volumes, it appears that higher focal doses of radiation are appropriate for clinical treatment trials of malignant @entity816 .

title: Malignant @entity816 : focal XXXX recurrence after focal external beam radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BUdR', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant astrocytoma', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Fractionated split-course treatments were given with gaps of different length and the effects on @entity5 response was studied using the @entity980 R1H of the @entity35 . Total doses of 68, 75 and 82 Gy were applied in 30 fractions (five fractions per week). After four weeks, that is after 20 fractions, treatment was interrupted for one or two weeks followed by another ten fractions. The results were compared to those of continuous treatment given in six consecutive weeks. @entity5 response was quantified by TCD37% and net growth delay. The TCD37% increased with increasing duration of the gap. A mean repopulated dose of 0.72 Gy per day was obtained. This corresponds to a doubling time of @entity5 clonogens of 4.2 days during the gap, which is somewhat slower than the volume doubling time of unperturbed @entity5 (2.5 days) of the same size. The results obtained for the net growth delay support the results of the TCD37% data. It is concluded that a gap during fractionated radiotherapy leads to poorer results since the dose required for @entity5 control is enhanced and sparing of normal tissue can only be expected for early but not for late reacting tissues.

title: Radiotherapy of the XXXX R1H of the @entity35 : split-course versus continuous fractionation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: Heterogeneity of DNA content was analyzed in 389 samples from 65 resected @entity356 . Analysis of the samples revealed that there were 14 homogeneously @entity5 . Six @entity5 were uniformly DNA aneuploid, each tissue block containing the same DNA index. The other 45 @entity5 (69%) varied in DNA content heterogeneity. In 39 of 45 @entity5 , there was a mixture of diploid and aneuploid samples, and 25 of the 39 @entity5 had a single aneuploid stemline. In 14 out of 39 @entity5 , there was also a mixture of diploid and aneuploid samples having two or more DNA aneuploid stemlines. In the remaining six @entity5 , different DNA aneuploid stemlines were contained in different samples without evidence of diploidy. When four or fewer samples were analyzed, only 50% of the @entity5 were diagnosed as having DNA content heterogeneity. On the other hand, 78% of the @entity5 showed DNA heterogeneity when 5 or more samples were analyzed. If the @entity5 had not been widely sampled, about a quarter of the @entity5 would have been mislabeled as diploid. The @entity1 with @entity5 showing homogeneous diploidy survived longer than those with @entity5 showing a mixture of diploid and aneuploid stemlines. The survival rate was lowest for the @entity1 with @entity5 having a mixture of diploid and multiple aneuploid stemlines, compared with those showing homogeneous diploid or a mixture of diploid and single aneuploid stemlines. The data from the current study clearly demonstrate the importance of adequate sampling in assessing the ploidy status of @entity356 to identify groups of @entity1 running different clinical course and prognosis.

title: Heterogeneity of DNA ploidy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['diploid tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']