abstract: Since @entity1943 analogues have been shown to possess inhibitory activity on @entity263 cells in animal models, we studied the clinical effects of the long-acting @entity1943 analogue @entity2390 in the treatment of advanced @entity263 . Five @entity1 with metastatic @entity263 in relapse under hormonal treatment and with rapidly increasing levels of @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) received a subcutaneous infusion of @entity2390 in a dose of 400 to 1,000 micrograms/day for a period of 2 to 6 months. @entity1 were followed clinically and by monthly measurement of @entity1486 levels. During treatment 3/5 @entity1 showed a temporary halt in rising @entity1486 levels, while another @entity1 had a small decrease. This inhibitory effect however was lost after 1 to 3 months of therapy in 3 @entity1 . The remaining @entity1 died after 4 months before an escape of @entity1486 levels was seen. Side effects consisted of mild @entity294 in three @entity1 . From this very preliminary data, it appears that @entity2390 in a dose of 400 to 1,000 micrograms/day may give only a moderate and temporary inhibition of @entity5 growth in @entity1 with advanced @entity263 . Because of the limited effects the study was interrupted prematurely. Since higher doses, other @entity1943 -analogues or the combination of LHRH analogues may give better results, further studies are needed to determine the potential therapeutic role of @entity1943 -analogues in this group of @entity1 .

title: @entity2390 in advanced XXXX relapsing under hormonal treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: For a sympathomimetic bronchodilator to be effective, it should be transported in an active form, from the place of administration to the receptor site, as well as the kind of medication and its route of administration. It has been shown both in the laboratory as well as in clinical studies that the intensity and duration of the sympathomimetic bronchodilator effect keeps decreasing although the tolerance does not seem to be clinically so important for the new bronchodilators. The @entity2263 agonists are used via oral, parenteral and inhalatory route. The rapidity of the action by inhalation makes this method effective to treat intermittent symptoms or during acute exacerbations in @entity565 . In this study, 29 @entity1 were included, of which 18 were symptomatic and 11 were asymptomatic @entity748 . Those @entity1 with symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity748 were included in the first and second group respectively. The criteria of exclusion for both groups were: @entity1 with restrictive or non-reversible @entity66 , @entity65 , @entity2743 , @entity1 under treatment with @entity230 and acute @entity281 . The age was lower than 6 years and more than 15 years. A clinical history and a spirometric study (without medication) were performed to determine the basal line values of the forced spirometry volume one second (VEF1) and the vital capacity (CV). An inhalation of @entity7284 in aerosol was administered immediately afterwards. At 3, 20, 30 and 60 minutes new spirometries were carried out to determine the initial and the therapeutic effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Bronchodilator effect of XXXX in @entity565 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronquial asthma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity7284 :: (MESH:D005280,Chemical) :: ['fenoterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether hyaluronan (HA), a ligand for the transmembrane receptor @entity1759 , and @entity1759 , which acts through multiple signaling pathways to influence cellular behavior, promote Rho kinase- and @entity4357 3 (PI-3) kinase-mediated oncogenic signaling to alter @entity900 sensitivity and stimulate @entity5 cell proliferation, migration, and matrix metalloproteinase secretion in @entity213 ( @entity213 ). DESIGN: Laboratory investigation using the @entity213 cell line @entity8989 . SETTING: University laboratory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rho kinase and PI-3 kinase activity, myosin phosphatase and @entity584 phosphorylation, @entity5 cell growth, migration, and matrix metalloproteinase secretion were measured in the presence or absence of HA, @entity900 , and inhibitors of Rho kinase and PI-3 kinase. RESULTS: The addition of HA, but not HA plus anti- @entity1759 antibody, resulted in increased Rho kinase and PI-3 kinase activity. Results of immunoblotting studies demonstrated that HA promotes Rho kinase-mediated myosin phosphatase phosphorylation and PI-3 kinase-mediated @entity584 phosphorylation. Hyaluronan was shown to promote migration and increased matrix metalloproteinase secretion through Rho kinase-mediated signaling. Hyaluronan treatment promoted @entity5 and resulted in a 12-fold reduced ability of @entity900 to cause @entity213 cell death. On the other hand, the presence of @entity12223 , a Rho kinase inhibitor, and @entity2306 , a PI-3 kinase inhibitor, blocked HA-mediated @entity900 resistance by @entity213 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that HA and @entity1759 promote Rho kinase- and PI-3 kinase-mediated oncogenic signaling and @entity900 resistance. Perturbation of HA- @entity1759 -mediated Rho kinase and PI-3 kinase signaling pathways may be a novel strategy to treat @entity213 .

title: Reduction of hyaluronan- XXXX -mediated growth, migration, and @entity900 resistance in head and neck cancer due to inhibition of Rho kinase and PI-3 kinase signaling.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'increased tumor proliferation']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity1759 :: (960,Gene) :: ['CD44']


abstract: The synaptic efficacy of muscle and cutaneous afferents on single tibialis anterior motoneurones in @entity1 was derived from changes in the firing probability of single, voluntarily activated, motor units in response to electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves or skin. The motor units were recorded with a Macro EMG electrode. The Macro motor unit potential (Macro @entity9056 ) recorded with this electrode reflects the electrical activity of all of the muscle fibres in a single motor unit. The amplitude of the Macro @entity9056 is positively correlated with the recruitment threshold of the unit. Motor units with different Macro @entity9056 amplitudes were examined at approximately the same level of @entity2472 (less than 20% of maximum). The synaptic efficacy of muscle and cutaneous afferents was similar for units with small and with large Macro @entity9056 amplitudes. Single motor units were examined at several different levels of muscle contraction. There was no consistent change in the facilitation from muscle afferents but there was less facilitation from cutaneous afferents during stronger contractions. This was not simply a consequence of the units faster firing rate. It is concluded that, with increasing voluntary drive to tibialis anterior motoneurones in @entity1 , there is a reduction in transmission in the pathways from cutaneous afferents to tibialis anterior motoneurones. There is no evidence that low and high threshold units (judging from their Macro @entity9056 amplitudes) have different afferent connections.

title: Afferent projections to XXXX tibialis anterior motor units active at various levels of muscle contraction.

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The optimal treatment for @entity7769 is widely debated. The purpose of this study is to describe the technique of an endoscopic-assisted ulnar nerve decompression using @entity544 insufflation in association with subcutaneous anterior transposition and to assess the success or failure of the method of treatment. METHODS: In all, 8 male and 4 female @entity1 with an average age of 42 years (range, 25-56) who presented signs, symptoms, and abnormal neurophysiological studies of @entity7769 were recruited in the retrospective study. Between August 2008 and June 2009, they were operated on using a 0-degree lens endoscope. Preoperatively, they were classified according to the Dellon scale, and the Bishop rating system was used to evaluate the postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: Preoperatively, 5 @entity1 were rated as mild, another 5 as moderate, and the remaining 2 as severe. The average length of the incision was 15    3 mm, the mean length of the ulnar nerve decompression was 18    2 cm, and the whole duration of surgery (skin to skin) lasted 30    5 minutes. The endoscopic-assisted cubital tunnel release under @entity544 insufflation and subcutaneous anterior transposition surgeries in all @entity1 were performed with no difficulty. All the @entity1 had improvement in symptoms of @entity7769 and 10 of 12 @entity1 scored excellent according to the modified Bishop Rating System at a minimum of 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopy-assisted cubital tunnel release under @entity544 insufflation demonstrated similar results compared with conventional open surgeries, besides, it may avoid problems such as long incision, @entity158 , and have additional advantages of providing an extended endoscopic view, which is safe and mini-invasive with favorable results in a 12-month follow-up.

title: Endoscopy-assisted cubital tunnel release under XXXX insufflation and anterior transposition.

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful scarring']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if published drug use evaluation (DUE) criteria for inpatients could be modified to describe and evaluate drug therapy in outpatients. DESIGN: Retrospective review of drug profiles and diagnostic codes in outpatients included in the Iowa Medicaid Management Information System database. METHODS: Criteria specifying clinical indication, process indicators, complications, and outcomes were modified from existing inpatient DUE criteria for @entity2177 . The Iowa Medicaid database provided demographics, drug profiles, and diagnostic codes for outpatients prescribed @entity2177 between @entity3490 and March 15, 1993. RESULTS: 539 @entity1 were evaluated. Mean (+/- SD) age was 62.1 +/- 23.8 years; 70.9 percent were @entity1 , 44.9 percent were nursing home @entity1 who received lower doses (p = 0.04). Of 146 @entity1 (27.1 percent) with infection-related International Classification of Diseases-Clinical Modification, 9th Revision (ICD-9CM) codes, 43.8 percent did not meet indication for use criteria, 15.8 percent met criteria, and 40.4 percent were equivocal/other. Process indicators in 539 @entity1 revealed that 2.4 percent were < 18 years old and potential interactions existed for @entity2544 (9.3 percent), @entity68 (9.7 percent), @entity1229 (4.8 percent), @entity5418 (2.2 percent). Two @entity1 (0.4 percent) received prenatal vitamins. Dosage and duration of therapy could not be linked to disease severity. Complications of therapy were not evaluable. Outcomes were assessed indirectly by using concurrent antibiotic histories. These histories showed that @entity1 received a mean 2.7 +/- 2.4 (median 2, range 1-16) @entity2177 prescriptions during the study period. There was frequent concurrent use of antibiotics, and 29 percent of prescriptions were preceded or followed by additional @entity1536 therapy within 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating appropriateness of therapy with this methodology is feasible if validated ICD-9CM codes are reported consistently in sufficient numbers of @entity1 . Low levels of reporting of relevant disease codes require that large numbers of @entity1 be screened to use this method effectively. Descriptive use data are readily obtained. Data obtained by this method indicated several apparent deficiencies in @entity2177 therapy.

title: Assessment of methods and outcomes: using modified inpatient XXXX criteria in community-based drug use evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: During the past 20 months, 28 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity354 were treated with the Angelchik anti-reflux prosthesis. The @entity1 ranged in age from 12 to 75 years, with symptoms present from one to 24 years. Vigorous medical management had failed with all @entity1 prior to surgery. Before operation, 28 of 28 @entity1 had upper GI x-rays, 27 of 28 fiberoptic esophagogastroscopy, 26 of 27 esophageal biopsy, eight of 28 Bernstein testing, and 24 of 28 lower esophageal sphincter pressure and motility. Eight @entity1 had strictures requiring preoperative or postoperative dilatation. In four of 28 @entity1 , a Nissen procedure had been previously done. In addition, two @entity1 had metaplastic epithelium, and a single @entity1 a previous Heller myotomy. Twenty-five of the 28 @entity1 are completely asymptomatic eight to 20 months after Angelchik insertion. Fifteen @entity1 had surgery more than one year previously. There are no recurrent @entity357 . Endoscopy and biopsy reveal resolution or marked improvement in the @entity2910 . Seven @entity1 complained of transient @entity1282 lasting up to three months. One @entity1 has persistent "gas bloat" syndrome. There were no technical or perioperative complications. Trouble with the prosthesis occurred in two @entity1 ; in one, the prosthesis disrupted and fell into the pelvis, and in the other the prosthesis migrated into the mediastinum. LES pressures preoperatively were 6.17 +/- 0.9 and 16.95 +/- 1.76 mmHg for the 19 @entity1 studied after operation. The limited sample of @entity1 who were studied with preoperative and postoperative acid-reflux tests have all shown improvement in their score. The Angelchik prosthesis in this series has been safe, simple, and reproducible, and can eliminate the symptoms and signs of @entity354 .

title: Treatment of symptomatic XXXX using the Angelchik prosthesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernias']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate the incidence of @entity65 after functioning simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity65 after 89 SPKT procedures performed at our institution from March 1995 to March 2009 were investigated. Study criteria included normal functioning of both grafts. @entity1 included 36 @entity1 and 53 @entity1 , with mean (range) age of 37.7 (25-66) years. @entity6 was 23.6 (10-48) years, and of dialysis therapy was 19.8 (0-70) months. The exocrine pancreatic secretions were drained to the bladder in 41 @entity1 , and enterically in 45 @entity1 . Mean (SD) follow-up was 58.62 (34.74) months. RESULTS: During follow-up after SPKT, 9 @entity1 (10.1%) experienced @entity65 including cerebrovascular accident in 4 @entity1 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in 3, and episodes of @entity951 without evidence of @entity453 in 2 @entity1 . Nevertheless, these two @entity1 had sustained an @entity583 that required coronary angioplasty before SPKT. Moreover, coronary angioplasty was required in 2 @entity1 before they were enrolled in the transplantation program because of silent @entity453 . Four of 9 @entity65 occurred in the perioperative period. No @entity204 occurred due to @entity65 . @entity1 survival rate was 100%, with both grafts functioning in 87 (97.8%). CONCLUSION: @entity65 occur relatively frequently in @entity1 undergoing SPKT. In the present study, most events occurred in the perioperative period, but did not result in @entity204 .

title: XXXX after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Duration of diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular events']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective comparative study was to evaluate the effect of intraoperative platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection on the outcomes of @entity1 undergoing hip arthroscopy for labral treatment. METHODS: During the period from November 2010 through March 2012, all @entity1 undergoing hip arthroscopy for labral tears were considered for this study. The study group received intra-articular PRP at the end of the operation, and the control group received an intra-articular injection of 0.25% @entity1341 . Selection for the study group was based on the day of the week on which the @entity1 underwent surgery. The protocol included administration of 4 hip-specific @entity1 -reported outcome tools. @entity1 also reported their @entity158 score on a visual analog scale from 0 to 10. Scores were recorded at the preoperative visit and at 3  months and 2  years postoperatively. RESULTS: A minimum of 2  years' follow-up was available for 306 @entity1 . Thirteen @entity1 (4.2%) underwent conversion to total hip arthroplasty and 24 @entity1 (7.8%) underwent revision hip arthroscopy, which left 91 @entity1 in the study group and 180 @entity1 in the control group. The study group had slightly higher @entity158 scores than the control group (3.4 v 2.5) 2  years after surgery (P  = .005). No difference in @entity158 scores was identified at 3  months postoperatively. The 2-year modified Harris Hip Score was slightly lower in the study group (78.6) than in the control group (82.6) (P  = .049). No significant difference was observed for the Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living, Hip Outcome Score-Sport-Specific Subscale, or Non-Arthritic Hip Score at any time point. There was no significant difference between groups for conversion to total hip arthroplasty or revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the results of this study, intraoperative PRP injection does not appear to improve the clinical results of @entity1 undergoing hip arthroscopy for labral treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prospective comparative study.

title: Clinical Results of Hip Arthroscopy for Labral Tears: A Comparison Between Intraoperative Platelet-Rich Plasma and XXXX Injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['Bupivacaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to clarify what type of coping profile can reduce the @entity1642 caused by job stress. METHODS: Using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire and the Brief Scales for Coping Profile Questionnaire, 1,319 male workers in Japanese manufacturing companies were surveyed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ), and @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Six factors for coping profile and job stress were extracted by EFA. Three factors of job stress were thought to correspond to job overload, good @entity1 relations and @entity1642 , and three factors of coping profile were thought to correspond to problem-focused coping, emotion-focused active coping and escape-avoidance coping. These factors showed good agreement (GFI=0.947, AGFI=0.915, RMSEA=0.070) in @entity3795 . A path diagram showing that coping profile influenced @entity1 relations and job overload, and that these conscious stress factors caused the @entity1642 was constructed. The validity of this path model was shown (GFI=0.937, AGFI=0.904, RMSEA=0.074) using @entity2383 . In the path analysis, the emotion-focused active coping profile created good @entity1 relations and @entity146 , and either or both of these stress factors worked in the direction in which the @entity1642 was reduced. The emotion-focused active coping profile acted finally to reduced the @entity1642 (standardized total effect: -0.205). On the other hand, the escape-avoidance coping profile influences @entity1 relations harmfully and increased job overload. The escape-avoidance coping profile remarkably deteriorated the @entity1642 (standardized total effect: +0.160). The problem-focused coping profile created good @entity1 relations though it increased job overload. Through both stress factors the problem-focused coping profile only increased slightly the @entity1642 (standardized total effect: +0.019). However, a correlation existed among the three coping profiles. The problem-focused coping profile positively correlated with the emotion-focused active coping profile, that decreases the @entity1642 , but negatively correlated with the escape-avoidance coping profile, that increases the @entity1642 . Because it was thought that a worker who tends to use a problem-focused coping profile also often adopted other coping profiles that simultaneously reduced the @entity1642 , the many workers who tend to use a problem-focused coping profile finally have reduced stress reactions. CONCLUSIONS: The emotion-focused active coping profile reduced the @entity1642 caused by job stress, but the escape-avoidance coping profile intensified the @entity1642 . The problem-focused coping profile, that has often been reported to reduce the @entity1642 , finally increased the @entity1642 slightly because job overload increased as a cost.

title: [An analysis of the relation between stress coping profile and job stress using structural equation modeling ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced job overload']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress reaction']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'Structural Equation Modeling']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['SEM']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To better understand the infertility of @entity1 with Robertsonian translocation, the biochemical and ultrastructural apoptotic characteristics of apoptosis in the sperm of @entity1 and fertile donors were studied. METHODS: Ejaculated sperm samples of seven Robertsonian translocation carriers and seven fertile donors were analyzed after cryopreservation. The proportion of both viable and dead @entity12179 expressing activated caspases was detected by flow cytometry through the use of different specific @entity12311 -labeled caspase inhibitors. Sperm DNA fragmentation was evaluated by the TUNEL method. The percentages of intact @entity12179 or @entity12179 with ultrastructural features of apoptosis, @entity44 or @entity39 were estimated by electron microscopy. Meiotic segregation analysis was performed by FISH. RESULTS: Significantly lower concentration, forward motility and normal morphology of @entity12179 were found in ejaculated samples of the Robertsonian @entity1 than fertile donors. Compared with the control group, in Robertsonian translocation carriers: (i) the caspase assays showed a significantly increased (P < 0.05) proportion of viable @entity12179 with activated poly-caspases (57.4 versus 25.8%), @entity522 (43.5 versus 13.4%), @entity8186 (44.4 versus 17.1%) and @entity8187 (42.4 versus 10.0%); (ii) the rate of DNA fragmentation was higher (26.3 versus 12.8%); and (iii) sperm ultrastructural examination highlighted a higher percentage of immature (28.0 versus 10.0%) and apoptotic (24.5 versus 18.5%) @entity12179 . FISH study showed predominant normal/balanced @entity12179 (78.34-85.53%). CONCLUSIONS: These results show a predominant proportion of balanced and normal gametes and higher numbers of @entity12179 showing apoptosis and @entity44 features in oligoasthenozoospermic Robertsonian translocation carriers than in fertile donors. This suggests defects in spermatogenesis and especially spermiogenesis of these @entity249 @entity1 .

title: Apoptosis and meiotic segregation in ejaculated sperm from Robertsonian translocation carrier XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity12311 :: ('MESH:C024098', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxyfluorescein']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity12179 :: ('OMIM:102530', 'Disease') :: ['spermatozoa']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immaturity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity28 and morbidly @entity28 @entity1 are as likely to receive Papanicolaou (Pap) smears as nonobese @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A secondary analysis was conducted of data collected during a prospective, controlled trial of computer-generated reminders to improve preventive care. The site was a large, academic general medicine practice providing primary care to an urban population at a university-affiliated municipal teaching hospital. Data were analyzed from 15 faculty and 77 resident physicians who delivered care to 1,321 @entity1 who were eligible for Pap smears. @entity1 data were obtained from a computerized medical record system. RESULTS: Outcomes were physician reports of Pap smear performance and reasons for nonperformance of Pap smears in eligible @entity1 . Pap smear performance was 21% for nonobese @entity1 , 20% for @entity28 @entity1 , and 20% for morbidly @entity28 @entity1 (P = NS). After adjusting for age and race, odds ratios for omission of Pap smear were 1.20 for both @entity28 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86 to 1.67; P = NS) and morbidly @entity28 @entity1 (95% CI, 0.58 to 2.47; P = NS). A significant dose-response relationship was found between increasing @entity1 weight and physician responses that the Pap smear was delayed due to @entity1 's acute illness, @entity365 , or menstruation (odds ratios [OR] 1.73 for @entity28 , OR 4.59 for morbidly @entity28 @entity1 ; P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: In our general medicine practice, @entity28 does not appear to be associated with less Pap smear performance. Physicians are more likely to report delaying @entity28 @entity1 ' Pap smears due to acute illness, @entity365 , or menstruation.

title: Is XXXX a barrier to physician screening for cervical cancer?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginitis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity5176 cause damage of articular cartilage in different species by forming chelate complexes with divalent cations and inducing @entity1760 deficiency. Cations are important for regular function of integrins, a group of transmembrane proteins which connect extracellular matrix proteins with the intracellular cytoskeleton. We have shown that cultivation of @entity35 chondrocytes in @entity2177 ( @entity5443 )-supplemented and @entity1025 -free medium led to pronounced changes in the cytoskeleton and decreased adhesion of cells to the culture dish. In order to test whether or not these effects are species-specific, we extended our studies on @entity1 chondrocytes. @entity1 chondrocytes cultivated in CFX-supplemented medium (10, 40, 80 and 160 microg/ml) or @entity1025 -free medium showed decreased ability to adhere to growth support, cell shape changes, and alterations in actin and @entity2277 cytoskeleton in a concentration dependent manner. Attachment of @entity1 chondrocytes to collagen type II coated cover slips was reduced to 90% in CFX group and 75% in @entity1025 -free group on day 1. This effect even increased after 4 days of culture in the respective medium (32% in CFX and 58% in @entity1025 -free group). We concluded that @entity1025 deficiency is exerted via integrins, resulting in decreased ability to attach to extracellular matrix proteins and cytoskeletal changes. These effects are not species-specific. The attachment assay proves to be an easy to use experimental set-up to test @entity2177 and other @entity5176 for their chondrotoxic effects.

title: @entity2177 causes cytoskeletal changes and detachment of XXXX and @entity35 chondrocytes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolones', 'quinolones']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To obtain nationally representative estimates of the additional time, and related cost, of informal caregiving associated with @entity322 in older individuals. DESIGN: Multivariate regression models using data from the 1993 Asset and Health Dynamics Study, a nationally representative survey of @entity1 aged 70 and older (N = 7,443). SETTING: Community-dwelling older @entity1 . @entity1 : National population-based sample of community-dwelling older @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Weekly hours of informal caregiving, and imputed cost of caregiver time, for community-dwelling older @entity1 who reported (1) no unintended urine loss, (2) @entity322 that did not require the use of absorbent pads, and (3) @entity322 that required the use of absorbent pads. RESULTS: Thirteen percent of @entity1 and 24% of @entity1 reported @entity322 . After adjusting for sociodemographics, living situation, and comorbidities, continent @entity1 received 7.4 hours per week of care, incontinent @entity1 who did not use pads received 11.3 hours, and incontinent @entity1 who used pads received 16.6 hours (P <.001). @entity1 in these groups received 5.9, 7.6, and 10.7 hours (P <.001), respectively. The additional yearly cost of informal care associated with @entity322 was  1,700 and  4,000 for incontinent @entity1 who did not and did use pads, respectively, whereas, for @entity1 in these groups, the additional yearly cost was  700 and  2,000. Overall, this represents a national annual cost of more than  6 billion for @entity322 -related informal care. CONCLUSIONS: The quantity of informal caregiving for older @entity1 with @entity322 and its associated economic cost are substantial. Future analyses of the costs of @entity322 , and the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent or treat @entity322 , should consider the significant informal caregiving costs associated with this condition.

title: Informal caregiving time and costs for XXXX in older individuals in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity1644 secondary to @entity3976 caused by @entity6804 has recently been described, although the backgrounds of the affected @entity1 were not studied. In order to determine the possible causative contribution of the @entity3976 , the present cooperative study was carried out. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed by five cooperating institutes. Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of @entity1 with @entity6804 were reevaluated with particular attention to the existence of @entity3976 and @entity1644 . RESULTS: The total number of @entity1 with @entity6804 whose MRIs were reinvestigated was 164. In 24 out of the 164 @entity1 , @entity3976 was apparent in the sagittal plane of the MRI. @entity1644 was observed in five of the 24 cases with @entity3976 being a consistent associated finding. None of the individuals demonstrated any @entity132 directly corresponding to the syrinx formation. All but one of the five @entity1 underwent surgical @entity5 , but no one required surgical treatment for the syrinx itself. Disappearance or shrinkage of the syrinx could be confirmed by postoperative MRIs in three of them. CONCLUSIONS: A simple mechanism of blockage of cerebrospinal fluid flow at the foramen magnum may play an important role in syrinx formation, as evidenced by the unexpectedly high incidence of cervical @entity3976 caused by @entity6804 shown in the present study.

title: XXXX secondary to @entity3976 caused by @entity6804 .

entities_list: @entity6804 :: ('MESH:D015192', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fossa tumors']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['Syringomyelia', 'syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['syrinx along with tonsillar herniation', 'tonsillar herniation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumor']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['Syringomyelia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biochemical and vascular aspects of pediatric @entity5815 / @entity5815 (CFS/ME). DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical study. SETTING: Tayside, Scotland, United Kingdom. @entity1 : Twenty-five @entity1 with CFS/ME and 23 healthy @entity1 recruited from throughout the United Kingdom. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 underwent a full clinical examination to establish a diagnosis of CFS/ME and were asked to describe and score their CFS/ME symptoms. Biochemical markers were measured. Arterial wave reflection was estimated to assess systemic @entity432 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Markers of oxidative stress and free radicals, @entity1851 level, white blood cell apoptosis, and arterial wave reflection. RESULTS: @entity1 with CFS/ME had increased oxidative stress compared with control individuals ( @entity10329 : 252.30 vs 215.60 pg/mL, P = .007; @entity620 , mean [SD]: 0.84 [0.26] vs 1.15 [0.28] mg/dL, P < .001; @entity270 , 8.72 [2.39] vs 10.94 [3.46] microg/mL, P = .01) and increased white blood cell apoptosis (neutrophils: 53.7% vs 35.7%, P = .005; lymphocytes: 40.1% vs 24.6%, P = .009). Arterial stiffness variables did not differ significantly between groups (mean augmentation index, -0.57% vs -0.47%, P = .09); however, the derived variables significantly correlated with total (r = 0.543, P = .02) and low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.631, P = .004) @entity165 in @entity1 with CFS/ME but not in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Biomedical anomalies seen in adults with CFS/ME-increased oxidative stress and increased white blood cell apoptosis-can also be observed in @entity1 with clinically diagnosed CFS/ME compared with matched controls. Unlike in their adult counterparts, however, @entity432 remained within the reference range in these pediatric @entity1 .

title: Biochemical and vascular aspects of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity10329 :: ('MESH:D028421', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprostanes']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'myalgic encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local anesthetics exert their anesthetic and analgesic effects by blocking the @entity1372 channels in the nervous system. @entity9852 -type antipsychotics also block sodium channels, but the local anesthetic characteristics of these drugs have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cutaneous analgesic effect of @entity9852 -type antipsychotics. METHODS: Using a subcutaneous injection model in @entity35 , we tested the cutaneous analgesic effects of six @entity9852 -type antipsychotics ( @entity23514 , @entity1038 , @entity2644 , @entity1768 , @entity21886 and @entity23515 ) at a dose of 0.6 mumol, and compared them with those of @entity1341 and @entity3303 . A saline injection was used as the control. RESULTS: All six @entity9852 -type antipsychotics elicited cutaneous @entity1337 . At the dose of 0.6 mumol, the potencies of @entity23514 and @entity1038 were similar to that of @entity1341 ; the other four drugs were less potent (p<0.001 for each comparison). @entity23514 had a longer duration of action than @entity1341 (p<0.001). In terms of ED(50) values, @entity23514 was more potent and longer-acting than @entity1341 and @entity3303 (p<0.01 for each comparison). CONCLUSION: Of the antipsychotic drugs tested, @entity23514 is potentially the best candidate for development into a potent, long-acting local anesthetic. However, @entity137 studies are needed before these agents can be used clinically as analgesics.

title: XXXX -type antipsychotics elicit cutaneous @entity1337 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity23515 :: ('MESH:D014273', 'Chemical') :: ['triflupromazine']

entities_list: @entity21886 :: ('MESH:D010546', 'Chemical') :: ['perphenazine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity23514 :: ('MESH:D008653', 'Chemical') :: ['mesoridazine', 'Mesoridazine']

entities_list: @entity1768 :: ('MESH:D005476', 'Chemical') :: ['fluphenazine']

entities_list: @entity9852 :: ('MESH:C031637', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenothiazine', 'phenothiazine']

entities_list: @entity1038 :: ('MESH:D011395', 'Chemical') :: ['promazine']

answer: @entity9852 :: (MESH:C031637,Chemical) :: ['Phenothiazine']


abstract: Ever since Sullivan introduced nighttime nasal continuous pressure on the upper airway (CPAP) in 1981 it has been the @entity387 ( @entity387 ). However, CPAP is carried out at great expense and is not tolerated by all @entity1 . Moreover, its efficacy is dependent on the degree of compliance. In this study we set out to analyze the degree of compliance with CPAP over the first 3 months of treatment in a group of 142 consecutive @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity387 ( @entity27 index: 48.9 +/- 20). Diagnosis and measurement of the level of CPAP needed (9.6 +/- 2.5 cm @entity2507 ) were based on polysomnography. Eighteen (13%) @entity1 did not return for follow-up evaluation. In the remaining 124 @entity1 (age 54 +/- 11 years) compliance with treatment was evaluated by way of a sleep diary in which the @entity1 recorded the hours CPAP was used at night; this record was compared with readings from the CPAP generator's counter. All subjects were asked about their degree of sleepiness before treatment by way of a standard questionnaire. Although most @entity1 reported regular use of CPAP in diaries, only about 60% actually used it for longer than a mean 4.5 hours daily. The most compliant @entity1 could not be differentiated from the least compliant with respect to degree of @entity25 , @entity27 -per-hour index or level of CPAP required.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Compliance with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['standard treatment for sleep-hypopnea syndrome', 'SAHS']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['initial sleepiness']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome']


abstract: Abstract @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) protects @entity1 bone marrow-mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) against oxidative stress and improves their migratory ability through increasing the secretion of trophic factors. This suggests that @entity2052 may be an excellent candidate for improving stem cell function. However, the molecular mechanisms of @entity2052 in BM-MSCs are not known. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to investigate @entity2052 -associated targets under oxidative stress conditions. @entity14825 /Rap1 interaction Trapped-1 ( @entity14826 ), a modulator for the homeostasis of intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS), was identified as a target protein by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analyses. The up-regulation of @entity14826 and its target proteins ( @entity4723 and @entity4012 ) with @entity2052 treatment of hBM-MSCs was revealed by qPCR and immunoblot analysis. Damage from oxidative stress was reduced in @entity2052 -pretreated BM-MSCs, which was also confirmed by qPCR and immunoblot analysis. In addition, increased in intracellular ROS by @entity274 were also reduced by @entity2052 pretreatment in BM-MSCs. This suggests that @entity2052 reduces intracellular ROS level by the modulation of @entity14826 and its correlated proteins, @entity4012 , @entity4723 , and @entity4910 . Thus, this study is the first to provide evidence that @entity2052 modulates @entity14826 and intracellular ROS in BM-MSCs.

title: Proteomic analysis reveals @entity14826 as a modulator for the antioxidant effects of @entity1092 in XXXX bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells.

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine risk factors and management of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal @entity977 surgery. METHODS: we conducted a retrospective review of 492 @entity1 who, between April 2012 and August 2015, underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgeries for resection of @entity977 . A multivariate statistical analysis was performed to investigate the association of some risk factors with intraoperative CSF leakage. Intraoperative CSF leaks were classified as Grade 0, no leak observed; Grade 1, small leak without obvious diaphragmatic defect; Grade 2, moderate leak; or Grade 3, large diaphragmatic defect. Repair methods were based on the CSF leak grade. RESULTS: Intraoperative CSF leakage occurred in 86 cases (17.5%). On univariate analysis, there were three factors associated with an increased intraoperative CSF leak rate: (1) repeat surgery (repeat 30.0% vs. primary 16.4%; P =0.033), (2) consistency of the @entity652 (tenacious, 27.3% vs. soft, 13.5%; P = 0.000), (3) @entity5 size (22.0  9.7mm vs. 25.4  11.5mm; P = 0.007). However, on multivariate analysis, only @entity5 consistency (P =0.001; OR = 2.379) and @entity5 size (P = 0.026; OR = 1.032) were independently associated with intraoperative CSF leaks. In the 86 cases with intraoperative CSF leaks, the degree of intraoperative CSF leakage was categorized grade 1 in 30 cases, grade 2 in 25 cases, and grade 3 in 31 cases. Postoperative CSF leak repair failures occurred in 6 cases (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative CSF leaks have a propensity to occur in cases with fibrous or large size @entity5 . Once an intraoperative leak was identified, our graded cranial base repair method is safe and reliable.

title: Risk factors and management of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks in endoscopic treatment of @entity977 : analysis of 492 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The culturally deeply rooted habit of eating raw or undercooked foodstuffs, coupled with inadequate hygiene practices and lack of separation between foodstuff and wildlife in parts of Southeast Asia have repeatedly led to outbreaks due to rare @entity281 . @entity8573 , capillariasis and @entity3853 are the three prime examples of such outbreaks occurring in Southeast Asia. We review the current knowledge of @entity8573 , capillariasis and @entity3853 . Whilst infections-caused by @entity2199 -are rarely reported, their public health importance is considerable. Regarding @entity8573 , the large body of literature arises from a few countries only, indicating that available information underestimates the true extent and burden of this disease. Changes in socio-economic conditions in Southeast Asia and control efforts at the animal- @entity1 interface resulted in changing patterns of transmission and outbreaks of @entity8573 . Capillariasis is mainly found in the Philippines and Thailand. However, health service providers are mostly unaware of this disease due to its sporadic occurrence, delaying its diagnosis and commonly leading to inappropriate treatment and control. @entity3853 is an emerging @entity281 with a number of significant outbreaks reported recently, particularly in the @entity1 's Republic of China. @entity3853 causes severe @entity16 and specialised health services are required for prompt diagnosis and adequate @entity1 management. There is a need to improve preventive measures, stronger collaboration between veterinary and public health cadres and rigorous surveillance to adequately tackle @entity8573 , capillariasis, @entity3853 and other uncommon @entity4801 diseases that have been linked to outbreaks.

title: Less common XXXX in Southeast Asia that can produce outbreaks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'People']

entities_list: @entity3853 :: ('MESH:C536369', 'Disease') :: ['Angiostrongyliasis', 'angiostrongyliasis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infections', 'parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity8573 :: ('MESH:D014235', 'Disease') :: ['trichinellosis', 'Trichinellosis']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['parasitic infections']


abstract: The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of peptic ulcer were studied in 324 of 368 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1575 during a mean period of 1.2 (+/- 0.61) years. @entity10189 prevalence rates in @entity1 with @entity82 were as follows: point prevalence 11.7%, period prevalence 15.1%, and life-time prevalence 24.2%. The annual incidence rate observed in 140 @entity1 with @entity82 undergoing endoscopic follow up was 4.3%. Ulcers were asymptomatic in more than 70% of @entity1 . The peptic ulcer complication rate at entry was 20% in the whole group and 40% in those who had not a previous diagnosis of peptic ulcer when admitted to the study. @entity10189 was more frequent among HBsAg+ cirrhotics (p = 0.05). @entity1 with more severely decompensated @entity82 also had a higher frequency of asymptomatic @entity1066 (p = 0.04), @entity2275 (p = 0.01) and asymptomatic @entity2275 (p = 0.005). After diagnosis, during endoscopic follow up, @entity2275 in @entity1 with @entity82 tended to heal slowly and recurred with higher frequency than in controls without @entity82 (p = 0.04). Seventy-nine per cent of peptic ulcer recurrences were asymptomatic in @entity1 with @entity82 . There were no complications during the follow-up period: this could be due to the regular timing of endoscopy, which permitted early detection and treatment of the recurrences, thus preventing further complications.

title: XXXX and its course in @entity82 : an endoscopic and clinical prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['Peptic ulcer']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['Peptic ulcer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A stepwise approach to the functional assessment of lung resection candidates is widely accepted, and this approach incorporates the measurement of exercise peak Vo2 when spirometry and radionuclear studies suggest medical inoperability. A new functional operability (FO) algorithm incorporates peak exercise Vo2 earlier in the preoperative assessment to determine which @entity1 require preoperative radionuclear studies. This algorithm has not been studied in a multicenter study. METHODS: The CALGB ( @entity5 and @entity1778 Group B) performed a prospective multi-institutional study to investigate the use of primary exercise Vo2 measurement for the prediction of surgical risk. @entity1 with known or suspected resectable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were eligible. Exercise testing including measurement of peak @entity26 uptake (Vo2), spirometry, and single breath diffusion capacity (DLCO) was performed on each @entity1 . Nuclear perfusion scans were obtained on selected high-risk @entity1 . After surgery, morbidity and mortality data were collected and correlated with preoperative data. Mortality and morbidity were retrospectively compared by algorithm-based risk groups. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-six @entity1 with suspected @entity2 from nine institutions underwent thoracotomy with or without resection; 57 study @entity1 did not undergo thoracotomy. @entity1 who underwent surgery had a median survival time of 30.9 months, whereas @entity1 who did not undergo surgery had a median survival time of 15.6 months. Among the 346 @entity1 who underwent thoracotomy, 15 @entity1 died postoperatively (4%), and 138 @entity1 (39%) exhibited at least one @entity532 postoperatively. We found that @entity1 who had a peak exercise Vo2 of <65% of predicted (or a peak Vo2/kg <16 ml/min/kg) were more likely to suffer complications (p = 0.0001) and were also more likely to have a poor outcome ( @entity1576 or @entity204 ) if the peak Vo2 was <15 ml/min/kg (p = 0.0356). We also found a subset of 58 @entity1 who did not meet FO algorithm criteria for operability, but who still tolerated lung resection with a 2% mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide multicenter validation for the use of exercise Vo2 for preoperative assessment of @entity2 @entity1 , and we encourage an @entity146 approach when evaluating these @entity1 for surgery.

title: Preoperative exercise Vo2 measurement for lung resection candidates: results of XXXX and @entity1778 Group B Protocol 9238.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory complication']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ) often present with interictal @entity11228 ( @entity11228 ) at rest (spontaneous @entity11228 ), during @entity10441 , and in response to photic stimulation (photoparoxysmal response or @entity11595 ). @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) is a first-line antiepileptic drug for therapy of @entity1 with @entity3762 . Herein we investigated the effect of @entity2052 on all three types of @entity11228 in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity3762 . METHODS: Routine electroencephalography (EEG) during wakefulness, which was recorded before @entity2052 monotherapy and up to four times during the first year of the @entity2052 treatment, was analyzed retrospectively. For the analysis of the @entity2052 effect on spontaneous @entity11228 and @entity11228 under @entity10441 , the number and duration of @entity11228 were counted. @entity11228 under intermittent photo stimulation (IPS) were classified according to the extent of propagation (grading). Response to @entity2052 treatment (rest/ @entity10441 ) was defined as a disappearance of @entity11228 within the year after @entity2052 introduction. KEY FINDINGS: Eighty-four @entity1 (37 male and 47 female, mean age 9.5        4.1 years) exhibited spontaneous @entity11228 or @entity11228 under @entity10441 . From this sample, 34 @entity1 exhibited the @entity11595 (7 male and 27 female, mean age 10.1        3.9   years). A significant reduction in the number and duration of spontaneous @entity11228 and @entity11228 under @entity10441 was observed in the first 6 weeks of treatment (p    <=   0.001, corrected, 87.3% responders). This effect remained stable over the 1 year observation period. Concerning @entity11595 , only 4 (12.9%) of 31 @entity1 were classified as responders. The difference between groups of @entity1 with spontaneous/induced @entity11228 and @entity11595 according to the number of responders was significant (p<0.001). SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides evidence that the effect of @entity2052 on @entity11228 differs dependent on the types of @entity11228 . In the majority of @entity1 , spontaneous @entity11228 and @entity11228 induced by @entity10441 disappeared, whereas the @entity11595 mostly remained under @entity2052 treatment. These results point to different pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the spontaneous and the evoked generalized @entity302 activity in the EEG.

title: @entity1092 reduces spontaneous generalized spikes and waves but not photoparoxysmal reactions in XXXX with @entity3762 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity11228 :: ('MESH:C535500', 'Disease') :: ['SWDs', 'spike-wave discharges']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsies', 'IGEs', 'IGE']

entities_list: @entity10441 :: ('MESH:D006985', 'Disease') :: ['hyperventilation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the time course of @entity227 resulting from hyperthermic light exposure and the possible involvement of @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) lipids in the process. METHODS: @entity35 were acclimated in darkness for 2 hours in a hyperthermic chamber to elevate core body temperature and then exposed to intense green light for up to 4 hours during @entity221 . After light exposure, the animals were either sacrificed immediately for biochemical or morphologic analysis of retinal light damage or returned to darkness for up to 2 weeks at ambient temperature before analysis. Rod outer segment lipid profiles were characterized, and @entity227 was determined by @entity18588 and visual cell DNA measurements. Morphology was performed at the light and electron microscopic level. RESULTS: @entity989 resulting from hyperthermic light exposure was found to be temperature, time, and light intensity dependent. At an elevated environmental temperature of 34.5 degrees, 50% @entity227 was found after 1.5 hours of 1100 lux light exposure; the same degree of @entity227 occurred after only 1 hour when @entity35 were maintained at 37 degrees C. At ambient temperatures, 4 hours of light exposure had no effect on @entity227 . Irrespective of environmental temperature, when @entity35 were maintained in darkness no @entity227 occurred. Whereas @entity4600 (22:6) was unchanged in the purest fraction of @entity1347 isolated immediately after light treatment, a 5 mol% loss of the @entity5204 was found in @entity1347 isolated 2 or 24 hours after light exposure. Rod outer segment lipid composition was largely unaffected by hyperthermic light exposure, but the density of some @entity1347 increased. Morphologically, the @entity1347 appeared to be nearly normal immediately after hyperthermic light exposure and structurally more abnormal 2 and 24 hours later. The retinal pigment epithelium exhibited damage immediately after exposure, which also increased 2 and 24 hours later. CONCLUSIONS: @entity221 in @entity35 dramatically accelerates retinal light damage compared with light exposure under euthermic conditions. Over loss of @entity1347 22:6 does not occur during hyperthermic light exposure, but it is apparent during the 24-hour period after light treatment. This suggests that the disappearance of 22:6 from @entity1347 occurs in tandem with the process of @entity227 resulting from retinal light damage.

title: @entity221 accelerates retinal light damage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual cell damage', 'visual cell loss', 'visual cell death']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['rod outer segment', 'ROS']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal damage']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity2167 , though a significant disabling complication of @entity4028 antibiotic therapy, is monitored infrequently. @entity6275 @entity1 treated with an @entity4028 are in a group at higher risk due to the length of therapy and large total dose of drug required for treatment. Serum levels of @entity801 should be maintained within therapeutic ranges but below toxic levels. @entity801 @entity2167 is vestibular in two thirds of @entity1 and cochlear in one third. One half of the @entity1 with @entity137 also have vestibular symptoms. Symptoms are often vague, insidious in onset, and masked by the critical presentation of the primary infectious process. Symptoms may occur immediately upon initiation of therapy, any time during the course of treatment, or after administration has been completed. The development of @entity137 should be monitored on a regular basis by specifically asking the @entity1 whether there has been any subjective @entity393 , ear fullness, @entity392 , or vertigo supplemented by pretreatment and follow-up audiogram and electronystagmogram (ENG). Therapy should be discontinued at the first sign of alteration of cochlear or vestibular function. Ototoxic recovery occurs in only about 50% of the @entity1 affected.

title: XXXX -induced @entity2167 complicating treatment of @entity6275 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cochlear toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity', 'Ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['Gentamicin']


abstract: @entity379 ) increases class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression in @entity1 @entity521 cell lines. These cells are of interest because of the initial paucity of MHC expression, a paucity that is also seen in @entity5 and normal brain. The aim of this study was to define further the class I molecules, and to begin to analyze the genetic basis of the regulation. Northern blot analysis with cDNA probes for HLA and @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) RNAs shows that both are present in reduced quantities (relative to a B-cell control) in control @entity521 cells. The levels of both RNAs are increased following @entity379 . This behavior parallels that of the corresponding polypeptides. Further monoclonal antibody analysis of the class I proteins from IFN-treated cells shows that both @entity1529 and HLA-B are present. For two cell lines, expression of appropriate polymorphic specificities is also shown to be increased. We conclude that @entity379 can cause increased expression of appropriate @entity2149 ,C specificities on cells of neuronal origin. This raises the question of whether these molecules can serve predicted immunological functions.

title: Interferon-mediated induction of class I MHC products in @entity1 neuronal cell lines: analysis of HLA and XXXX RNA, and @entity1529 and HLA-B proteins and polymorphic specificities.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neural tumors']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-m', 'beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity2262 :: (567,Gene) :: ['beta 2-m']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is technically difficult because of poor visualization and instability in the cutting area. Although @entity33 formation improves visualization of the cutting area, it is difficult to achieve, especially in colorectal ESD. To facilitate @entity33 formation, we developed the "clip-flap method" by substituting an @entity33 until it is formed. @entity1 and methods: The clip-flap method was applied to 114 of 119 large superficial @entity14 being treated by ESD. Therapeutic efficacy and safety were assessed. Results: Mean @entity5 diameter, resected specimen diameter, and procedure time were 32.5mm, 38.9mm, and 82.0 minutes, respectively. The en bloc resection rate was 97.5%. Intraoperative perforation occurred in one @entity1 who was treated conservatively. A single endoclip was used for 92 lesions and improved visualization of the cutting area. A cross pattern of endoclips was used for 22 lesions and further stabilized the visual field, especially near the lateral side. Conclusions: The clip-flap method is a simple, safe, and effective option for ESD of large superficial @entity14 .

title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection for large superficial XXXX using the "clip-flap method"

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal flap', 'endoclip for the mucosal flap']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe fundus autofluorescence (FAF), optical coherence tomography, and electroretinogram findings in @entity18773 . METHODS: This is a retrospective case series. Eight eyes of four @entity1 with @entity18773 were evaluated with FAF, optical coherence tomography, and electroretinogram testing. RESULTS: In all eight eyes, FAF imaging showed hypofluorescent placoid lesions corresponding to areas of @entity5066 seen on stereo biomicroscopy. Prominent hyperfluorescent linear markings underlying regions of @entity66 were observed in all eyes, likely representative of normal choroidal vessel autofluorescence. In two eyes, FAF showed punctate hypofluorescent lesions in the fovea that were not visualized on biomicroscopy. In one eye, FAF identified a central island of preserved retinal pigment epithelium that was not realized on ophthalmoscopic examination. Optical coherence imaging was significant for loss of @entity3193 , retinal pigment epithelium, and outer nuclear layer in regions of @entity5066 . Full-field electroretinogram testing showed generalized rod-cone dysfunction in all @entity1 with a lower B- to A-wave ratio in two @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography are nonin-vasive diagnostic adjuncts that can aid in the diagnosis of @entity18773 . Fundus autofluorescence may be a more sensitive marker of disease extent and progression than clinical examination alone. Electroretinogram testing can result in an electronegative maximal response.

title: Fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, and electroretinogram findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic disease']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal fine tubular structures']

entities_list: @entity18773 :: ('MESH:C535358', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal sclerosis']

answer: @entity18773 :: (MESH:C535358,Disease) :: ['choroidal sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intramedullary reaming and nailing increases intramedullary pressure. This may cause intravasation of bone marrow contents, leading to @entity236 and altered cardiopulmonary function. Possible beneficial effects of attenuation of the intramedullary pressure increase by the use of a reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA) system were studied with the hypothesis that the RIA technique would cause lower numbers of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) and lesser cardiopulmonary affection than traditional reaming (TR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intramedullary reaming and nailing was performed in intact femora of young Norwegian landrace @entity1707 using either a standard intramedullary nailing technique (n = 8) or a RIA technique (n = 7). The hemodynamic and pulmonary effects were investigated during the reaming and nailing procedure and for 2 hours postoperatively. The animals were killed after 72 hours, and the lung/carcass weight ratio and the numbers of @entity1151 were investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The pattern of the procedure-related hemodynamic and pulmonary effects did not differ significantly between the RIA and the TR groups. The RIA group had lower numbers (ns) of @entity887 per square centimeter lung area than the TR group. After reaming with the TR device, two animals died of @entity1151 , the first postoperative day. The @entity1 with femoral shaft @entity174 and additional @entity130 or preexisting reduced cardiopulmonary function, however, need special attention, and the use of RIA may, in these cases, represent a better operative alternative with a lesser operative burden.

title: Cardiopulmonary response to reamed intramedullary nailing of the femur comparing traditional reaming with a one-step reamer-irrigator-aspirator reaming system: an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PEs', 'pulmonary embolisms']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolisms']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow embolization']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary injury']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We present a very unusual case of diffuse spread of @entity2883 causing @entity1276 . CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old @entity1 presented in 1985 with bilateral @entity2172 requiring myringotomies. During the next 18 months, he went on to develop a @entity4401 . The @entity1 then began to develop recurrent @entity10 along with @entity2896 and a green nasal discharge requiring hospitalization. Workup included magnetic resonance imaging showing pronounced enhancement of the tentorium and meninges in the occipital region with normal ventricle size. An x-ray of the chest showed @entity3977 . A regimen of @entity229 and @entity786 was initiated. The @entity1 did well for 2 years until he again developed @entity2172 and @entity10 . @entity9737 showed increased pressures. A circulating antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody was positive. @entity786 was administered, with @entity3791 added for treatment of the @entity428 . The @entity1 stabilized for another 2 years but then presented in 1994 with recurrent @entity10 , @entity1829 , and mild left arm and right leg @entity425 . A lumbar puncture was performed with an opening pressure of 52 cm @entity2507 . Computed tomography of the head revealed moderate enlargement of the lateral third and fourth ventricles, consistent with communicating @entity1276 . INTERVENTION: A right frontal ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed. A leptomeningeal biopsy performed at the side of catheter placement (far away from any meningeal enhancement revealed by magnetic resonance imaging) showed @entity693 and multinucleated giant cells. @entity786 therapy was begun again. The @entity1 has not experienced recurrence of @entity10 , @entity129 , or @entity1829 for more than 3 years. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported case of diffuse involvement of the meninges from @entity2883 . Fortunately, this @entity1 responded well to shunting and sustained medical management. Although rare, @entity2883 should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic @entity5827 , communicating @entity1276 , and @entity1829 .

title: Communicating XXXX secondary to diffuse meningeal spread of @entity2883 : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear infections']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["left Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity3977 :: ('MESH:D055613', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pulmonary nodules']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['chronic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['left sixth and seventh nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema', 'bilateral papilledema']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'occipital headaches']

entities_list: @entity9737 :: ('MESH:D051299', 'Disease') :: ['Serial lumbar punctures']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: The influence of continuous inhalation of 150 ppm @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) on body, liver, spleen, and kidney weights in @entity35 , @entity19 , and mongolian gerbils was tested. An age dependent @entity1017 was observed in female @entity35 exposed to @entity4966 . All 3 species showed @entity382 caused by the exposure. The effect was much more pronounced in @entity19 , in which the increase was 60--80%, than in @entity35 and gerbils where it was only 20--30%. After the end of the @entity4966 -exposure the liver weights of the @entity19 decreased rapidly. After 5 days of rehabilitation the weight was only 10--20% higher than that of the controls. This difference persisted for at least 25 days. The spleen weight appeared unaffected or somewhat smaller in @entity4966 -exposed animals of all species. An increased kidney weight (15%) was observe din @entity4966 -exposed gerbils. This effect was less pronounced in @entity19 and @entity35 . Effects on the liver have earlier been seen only after exposure to concentrations much higher than that used in the present study. This difference in results is proposed to be due to the different schedules used for the exposure.

title: @entity4965 : effects on body and organ weights in XXXX , @entity35 and gerbils.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in body weight gain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['liver enlargement']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The authors validate the Outpatient @entity347 (Single Organ System) Musculoskeletal Exam Form (SOS MSEF), a 1-page form contained within the 4-page Outpatient Osteopathic Single Organ System Musculoskeletal Exam Form Series (SOS-FS). Handwritten physician progress notes (PPNs) in the medical record (considered to be the "gold standard" for clinical records) were compared with information placed on the SOS MSEF for the same @entity1 encounter. Data recorded by 14 trained and certified investigators on the standardized SOS MSEF-which was designed for use with the previously validated Outpatient Osteopathic SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) Note Form (SNF)-was compared with data recorded by the same investigators in PPNs. The authors compared the accuracy and efficiency of physicians recording musculoskeletal information in these two formats for 165 @entity1 encounters. Descriptive statistics and t tests were used to compare data recorded after @entity1 encounters. Ninety-seven variables input from the PPNs or SOS MSEFs were significantly different at the P < or = .05 level, whereas 38 variables were not. Insufficient data was recorded for a determination of significance in 3 variables. For 121 variables, more data were recorded using the SOS MSEFs than PPNs; for 84 variables, the amount of data recorded exceeded twice that recorded using PPNs. For 10 variables, more data were recorded in PPNs; however, these differences were not significant. The authors conclude that the SOS MSEF is superior to PPNs for recording @entity1 -encounter data in the osteopathic care setting. Moreover, they argue that the use of the validated SOS MSEF nationwide would ensure that osteopathic physicians would be recording data in a similar manner for uniform insurance claim coding, easy tracking of physicians-in-training and @entity1 outcomes, and data collection for future research.

title: Outpatient Osteopathic Single Organ System Musculoskeletal Exam Form series: validation of the Outpatient XXXX Musculoskeletal Exam Form, a new standardized medical record.

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['Osteopathic SOS']

answer: @entity347 :: (MESH:D019965,Disease) :: ['Osteopathic SOS']


abstract: Symptoms suggestive of @entity354 are very common. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of these symptoms and factors influencing them in an unselected adult population. A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 2500 @entity1 aged > or = 20 years. The questions concerned heartburn, @entity338 , @entity1282 , chest and upper @entity490 , as well as medication and medical consultations for these symptoms. Of the 1700 (68%) responders, 9% had experienced heartburn on the day of response and 15%, 21% and 27% during the preceding week, month and year, respectively. The corresponding figures for @entity338 were 5, 15, 29 and 45%. During the past year 43% of the study group had had no such symptoms. Age, overweight, pregnancy and cigarette smoking significantly influenced the prevalence of symptoms. Using daily heartburn and/or @entity338 as dominant indicators 10.3% (95% CI 12-11.7) of the responders had @entity354 . Medication (most commonly antacids) was used by only 16% of the symptomatic @entity1 , and only 5.5% had sought medical advice for symptoms during the past year. Thus, despite commonness of symptoms suggestive of @entity354 only a minority of the individuals suffering from such symptoms use medication or have medical consultation.

title: Prevalence of symptoms suggestive of XXXX in an adult population.

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 61 Background: Recent trends in surgical practice advocate selective use of axillary nodal clearance (ANC) following @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) in the treatment of @entity0 . We aimed to determine the effectiveness of one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) using @entity4166 mRNA copy number and @entity5 -related factors in predicting non-sentinel axillary nodal involvement, in order to formulate local guidelines for ANC. METHODS: @entity1 due to have @entity1600 at our institution for invasive @entity0 as well as selected @entity1 with high grade @entity513 in situ with negative assessment of the axilla on pre-operative imaging were included. Alternate slices of each node were sent for assessment by either OSNA or Histopathology. Immediate ANC was performed if OSNA was positive. The @entity4166 mRNA copy number, the total @entity5 load (summation of m RNA copy number of positive nodes, @entity17949 ), the total nodal status at ANC and @entity5 characteristics including grade, @entity5 size and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) for each @entity1 were determined. A model of risk probability was constructed using @entity17949 and @entity5 related factors. RESULTS: 664 nodes were examined from 425 @entity1 who had @entity1600 performed between 2011 and 2014. After excluding 8 @entity1 who did not meet the study criteria, 648 nodes from 417 @entity1 were included for analysis. The concordance between OSNA and histology was 91.4%; positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive value (NPV) was 77% and 97% respectively. @entity1 with @entity17949 less than 1400 did not have additional non sentinel lymph node involvement. @entity17949 (p<0.01), and presence of LVI (p<0.05) were predictive for additional nodal involvement. The risk model identified all @entity1 with more than 2 positive nodes as requiring ANC. All @entity1 with non-sentinel node @entity3 at ANC were selected. CONCLUSIONS: OSNA is a sensitive and reliable intraoperative method for the detection of sentinel node @entity3 . Our study has shown it can also be used to predict the presence of non-sentinel @entity3 . @entity1 deemed high risk may be offered immediate ANC while axillary surgery in other groups may be omitted or be decision-based on risk stratification.

title: The use of one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) and XXXX -related factors in the axillary management of @entity0 : A predictive model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node biopsy', 'SNB']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Tumour @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) were measured in serum and involved and uninvolved @entity272 fluids of 20 psoriatic @entity1 and 10 healthy subjects, by enzyme immunoassay. @entity310 and @entity650 were always detectable in involved @entity272 fluids, while @entity2841 was detected only in 45% of these samples. @entity310 , @entity650 and @entity2841 were detected in 95, 100 and 10% of uninvolved @entity272 fluid samples, respectively. @entity310 and @entity650 were found in 50 and 30% of control blister fluids, while @entity2841 was never detected. In serum, @entity310 was detected in 75% of @entity1 and in 70% of controls; @entity650 in 45% of @entity1 and in no controls; and @entity2841 in 35% of @entity1 and in 20% of the controls. The median @entity310 and @entity650 levels in involved skin were statistically higher than those of both uninvolved and control @entity272 fluids. @entity310 and @entity650 levels in blister fluids obtained from both involved and uninvolved skin were higher than those of the @entity1 ' sera. @entity2841 , when present in involved @entity272 fluids, showed correlated levels with the other cytokines ( @entity310 : R = 0.85, P = 0.004; @entity650 : R = 0.72, P = 0.03). @entity310 was highly correlated with @entity650 (R = 0.78, P < 0.00001) in involved @entity272 fluids. @entity310 and @entity650 levels of involved @entity272 fluids showed significant correlations with the @entity1569 area and severity index scores in the @entity1 , suggesting a direct relationship between these cytokines and the clinical manifestations of the disease. Moreover, the @entity310 levels were particularly related to the erythema scores in the @entity1 , further supporting evidence of their role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

title: Correlated increases of tumour XXXX factor-alpha, @entity650 and @entity2841 levels in suction blister fluids and sera of psoriatic @entity1 --relationships with disease severity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin blister']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: @entity859 receptor A(3) (A(3)) regulates directed movement of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) to sites of @entity32 and has been implicated as a relevant mediator in models of @entity32 . Here, we sought to characterize the role of A(3) in a @entity19 model of @entity55 . Initial studies revealed that pulmonary A(3) transcript levels were elevated following @entity558 exposure in vivo. In addition, inhalation of @entity558 increased the accumulation of PMNs in wild-type and A(3)(-/-) @entity19 in all lung compartments. Pretreatment with the specific A(3)-agonist @entity24258 significantly decreased migration of PMNs into lung interstitium and alveolar air space of wild-type @entity19 but not of A(3)(-/-) @entity19 . Lower PMN counts were associated with reduced levels of @entity637 and @entity777 in the alveolar space of wild-type @entity19 that received @entity24258 . In addition, @entity24258 attenuated @entity558 -induced microvascular permeability in wild-type @entity19 as assessed by the extravasation of Evans blue. In pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, @entity24258 reduced @entity558 -induced cytoskeletal remodeling and cell retraction, consistent with a specific role of A(3) for maintaining endothelial integrity. Migratory activity of @entity1 PMNs across an endothelial or epithelial monolayer was reduced when A(3) was activated on PMNs. Studies in chimeric @entity19 , however, revealed that @entity24258 required A(3) on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells to reduce transmigration in vivo. Together, our results shed new light on the role of A(3) in @entity558 -induced PMN trafficking in the lung and suggest pharmacological modulation of A(3)-dependent pathways as a promising approach in @entity55 .

title: @entity859 receptor A3 is a critical mediator in XXXX -induced @entity55 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

answer: @entity558 :: (MESH:C536528,Disease) :: ['LPS']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the risk factors of @entity1207 ( @entity1207 ) after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for primary or secondary @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2003 to March 2009, SBRT was performed on 117 @entity1 (32 @entity1 before 2005 and 85 @entity1 after 2006) with @entity2 (primary = 74 @entity1 and metastatic/recurrent = 43 @entity1 ) in our institution. In the current study, the results on cases with severe @entity1207 (grades 4-5) were evaluated. Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 ( @entity2355 ) and serum @entity9914 ( @entity9914 ) were used to predict the incidence of @entity1207 . A shadow of @entity401 ( @entity401 ) on the CT image before performing SBRT was also used as an indicator for @entity1207 . Since 2006, @entity1 have been prescreened for biological markers ( @entity2355 _ @entity9914 ) as well as checking for an @entity401 -shadow in CT. RESULTS: Grades 4-5 @entity1207 was observed in nine @entity1 (7.7%) after SBRT and seven of these cases (6.0%) were grade 5 in our institution. A correlation was found between the incidence of @entity1207 and higher serum @entity2355 _ @entity9914 levels. @entity401 -shadow in @entity1 's CT was also found to correlate well with the severe @entity1207 . Severe @entity1207 was reduced from 18.8% before 2005 to 3.5% after 2006 (p = 0.042). There was no correlation between the dose volume histogram parameters and these severe @entity1207 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 presenting with an @entity401 shadow in the CT and a high value of the serum @entity2355 _ @entity9914 before SBRT treatment developed @entity1207 at a high rate. The reduction of @entity1207 incidence in @entity1 treated after 2006 may have been attributed to prescreening of the @entity1 . Therefore, pre-screening before SBRT for an @entity401 shadow in CT and serum @entity2355 _ @entity9914 is recommended in the management and treatment of @entity1 with primary or secondary @entity2 .

title: Prescreening based on the presence of CT-scan abnormalities and biomarkers ( @entity2355 and @entity9914 ) may reduce XXXX after stereotactic radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity9914 :: ('6441', 'Gene') :: ['Surfactant protein-D', 'SP-D']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['severe radiation pneumonitis', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis', 'IP']

answer: @entity1207 :: (MESH:D017564,Disease) :: ['severe radiation pneumonitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect textural nuclear features correlated with nonprogression and progression in @entity2910 . STUDY DESIGN: Asymptomatic adults from Heshun Commune, Linxian County, China were examined with a balloon sampler in 1983 fifty cases of moderate @entity2910 and 68 cases of mild were selected for study. By means of an Axiomat @entity3178 equipped with a TV camera, 100 visually normal intermediate squamous cell nuclei per specimen were randomly measured from routinely Papanicolaou-stained slides. RESULTS: Of 50 esophageal moderate @entity1141 cases, 24 and 7 progressed to @entity189 within three and nine years, respectively. The other 19 cases remained stable or regressed to normal and were used as the control group. By means of chromatin features, correct specimen classification rates of 79.2% (19/24), 73.7% (14/19), 85.5% (6/7) and 84.2% (16/19) were achieved, respectively (P < .001). Of 68 cases classified as mild @entity1141 , 16, 13 and 12 progressed to @entity189 within three, five and nine years, respectively. The other 27 cases remained stable or regressed to normal and were used as the control group. The correct specimen classification rates were 93.8% (15/16), 88.9% (24/27), 69.2% (9/13), 74.1% (20/27), 83.3% (10/12) and 77.8% (21/27), respectively, using chromatin features of the nuclei (P < .001). CONCLUSION: In this study, nuclear chromatin features measured by high-resolution image analysis could sufficiently well forecast the outcome of @entity1613 and discriminate @entity1613 with progression and nonprogression. It also can be employed as surrogate end point biomarkers in clinical chemoprevention trials. Stoichiometric staining and standard preparations should increase the correct classification rates in further studies.

title: Discrimination of XXXX with progression and nonprogression. High-resolution image analysis for surrogate end point biomarkers.

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscope']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2910 :: (MESH:D004941,Disease) :: ['esophageal dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the age at onset in @entity1 with @entity2119 is relatively young, the life expectancy has been seldom reported in detail. The aim of this study is to study long-term results of @entity2119 and factors affecting the ultimate outcome. METHODS: From 1965 to 1980, 682 @entity1 with @entity2119 were treated in our outpatient department. We studied their long-term status, including concomitant diseases, and the disease progression by mail. RESULTS: Of the 287 mail responders, 266 were male and 21 were female, with a mean age of 60 years. One hundred and fifty-five of these @entity1 are currently suffering from clinical symptoms. Forty-eight @entity1 underwent minor amputation and 30 and major amputation. Forty-six @entity1 underwent sympathectomy, and only 17 bypass reconstruction. Although there was no significant difference in the continuation of symptoms between current smokers and ex-smokers, the amputation rate was higher in current smokers and continuous smoking is closely related to both minor and major amputations after sympathectomy and to minor amputations after drug therapy. @entity66 were recognized in 57 @entity1 , and gastroduodenal ulcer in 44. Thirty-three @entity1 had died. Among 14 who died of @entity5 , three died of @entity418 and @entity2 , respectively, which were closely related to smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of the limbs in @entity1 with @entity2119 is not completely discouraging, and in order to obtain a favourable outcome for @entity1 with @entity2119 we recommend complete smoking cessation with drug-therapy and surveillance for @entity5 , especially of the upper gastrointestinal tract and lung.

title: Factors affecting the long-term outcome of @entity2119 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Arteriosclerotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2119 :: ('MESH:D013919', 'Disease') :: ["Buerger's disease"]

answer: @entity2119 :: (MESH:D013919,Disease) :: ['thromboangiitis obliterans']


abstract: PURPOSE: The selective alpha-2 agonist @entity16495 was used as a pharmacological probe to activate a2 receptor-mediated neuroprotective signaling pathways and quantitate the enhancement of retinal ganglion cell survival and function in animals with @entity63 @entity5995 and @entity18489 . METHODS: Two animal models were used to achieve different methods of neuronal insult. The first model involved @entity130 of the @entity35 optic nerve after treatment with a single intraperitoneal (IP) dose of @entity16495 or a control vehicle. The second model involving @entity5721 was used in a variety of experiments in which @entity35 were treated with either intraperitoneal @entity16495 or single dose topical @entity16495 at various strengths. In all cases @entity2479 was induced and maintained followed by reperfusion. In some cases, TUNEL staining was performed on histologic sections of the retinas of @entity35 that had been sacrificed after 24 hours. To examine the activation of neuronal survival pathways at the molecular level, @entity35 were injected with IP @entity16495 followed by the isolation of mRNAs from whole retinas 24 hours after @entity63 . RESULTS: Intraperitoneal @entity16495 enhanced @entity35 RGC survival and function in the partial @entity130 model, and neuroprotection was dose-dependent. Topical application of @entity16495 1 hour before injury was effective in decreasing @entity63 . @entity63 retinas treated with @entity16495 resulted with a large decrease in TUNEL staining. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with the a2 adrenoreceptor agonist @entity16495 was found to confer neuroprotection to retinal ganglion cells in two distinct models of @entity528 resulting from acute @entity2479 /reperfusion and calibrated @entity2850 . (Eur J Ophthalmol 1999; 9: S17-S21).

title: From the Lab to the Clinic: Activation of an Alpha-2 Agonist Pathway is Neuroprotective in Models of @entity5995 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['acute retinal ischemic/reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'Ischemic', 'ischemic retinal injury', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity16495 :: ('MESH:C015620', 'Chemical') :: ['brimonidine']

entities_list: @entity18489 :: ('MESH:D020221', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical injury', 'crush injury']

answer: @entity18489 :: (MESH:D020221,Disease) :: ['Optic Nerve Injury']