abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine 10-year @entity65 and mortality in @entity1 with newly-diagnosed @entity164 2 (non- @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 mellitus and non- @entity6 control subjects and to evaluate the effects of general risk factors, plasma @entity2690 , urinary albumin excretion, @entity66 characteristic of @entity164 2 @entity6 and the degree of hyperglycaemia in @entity6 @entity1 on @entity65 . Furthermore, the extent to which the above-mentioned factors could contribute to the excessive @entity65 observed in @entity6 @entity1 was examined. In the years 1979-1981, altogether 133 (70 @entity1 , 63 @entity1 ) newly-diagnosed @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and 144 (62 @entity1 , 82 @entity1 ) non- @entity6 control subjects aged 45-64 years were studied. Both groups were re-examined in the years 1985-1986 and 1991-1992. The impact of different factors on @entity65 was examined by univariate analyses after adjustment for age and sex and by multiple logistic regression analyses. The age-standardized total and @entity65 rates were substantially higher in @entity6 @entity1 (17.8 and 15.0%, total and @entity65 , respectively p = 0.06 and NS) and @entity1 (18.5 and 16.6%, p < 0.01 for both) than in non- @entity6 control @entity1 (5.2% both total and @entity65 ) and @entity1 (4.2 and 2.2%). Cardiovascular mortality was not related to the treatment modality (diet, oral drugs, @entity2690 ) at 5 years from diagnosis. Use of diuretics, beta-blocking agents or their combination at baseline did not make a significant contribution to @entity65 either. In multiple logistic regression analysis on @entity6 @entity1 , age, LDL @entity1674 , smoking, blood @entity413 and ischaemic ECG at baseline had independent associations with @entity65 . Interestingly, urinary albumin excretion rate measured at 5-year examination also predicted 10-year @entity65 after adjustment for the effects of major risk factors including @entity66 , but its predictive power reduced to a nonsignificant level when the effect of plasma @entity413 was taken into account. The relative risk of @entity65 associated with @entity6 was 8.2 after allowing for age alone, but it declined to 3.7 when all contributing factors from the baseline examination (except blood @entity413 ) were taken into account. In conclusion, the present results indicate that LDL @entity1674 and/or other changes in lipoprotein composition characteristic of @entity164 2 @entity6 and manifesting as elevated serum @entity1674 are atherogenic and they strongly predict increased @entity65 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Ten-year XXXX in relation to risk factors and @entity66 (non- @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 and non- @entity6 subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['lipoprotein abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular mortality']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity147 has been associated with a poorer prognosis in @entity583 @entity1 . Elevated adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), lower @entity701 , @entity9027 ( @entity2990 ) and @entity701 : @entity2990 , as measures of emotional distress, might correlate with silent @entity741 (SMI) and workload. Thus, we assessed the relationship between emotional distress, SMI and double product (systolic blood pressure (SBP) * heart rate). Cross-sectional South African biethnic single-set cohorts (N=378), aged 44.7  9.52 years, were investigated. @entity308 ( @entity1 Health Questionnaire-9), anthropometric, fasting blood, 24-h double product and 24-h 2-lead electrocardiogram (ST-segment @entity308 ) values were obtained. Blacks, mostly @entity1 , had @entity308 , @entity4854 , SMI, double product, SBP @entity101 and ACTH but lower @entity701 , @entity2990 and @entity701 : @entity2990 than their White counterparts. Black @entity1 had the highest combined SBP @entity101 and below-median @entity701 prevalence, 38%, compared with 5.9-13.8% in the other groups. Their SMI was associated with ACTH and @entity701 : @entity2990 (adj. R(2) 0.29; b 0.27-0.31 (0.12-0.64); P   0.05), double product (adj. R(2) 0.29; b 0.38 (0.18-0.57); P=0.050) and SBP @entity101 (area under the curve: 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.80); P=0.042; sensitivity/specificity 49/85%). Double product was positively associated with @entity1144 in all sex groups and with @entity701 in the Black @entity1 (P<0.05). A dysregulated @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ) showed signs of a hyporesponsive adrenal cortex, suggesting chronic emotional stress in the Black male cohort. In this cohort, @entity2339 and compensatory increases in double product occur as a potential defense mechanism to alleviate perfusion deficits, thereby potentiating @entity741 risk. @entity101 Research advance online publication, 9 February 2017; doi:10.1038/hr.2017.5.

title: @entity2339 and double product increases potentiate XXXX risk in a Black male cohort: the SABPA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['increased depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPAA dysregulation', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis', 'HPAA']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hemoptysis in @entity1 is a rare but potentially life-threatening symptom of an underlying respiratory tract abnormality. OBJECTIVES: Hemoptysis, when massive and untreated, has a mortality rate of more than 50 %. With interventional radiological procedures and surgery, this rate has dropped to 7-18 %. The experience with @entity1416 in childhood is very limited; only a few case reports with short-term follow-up have been reported. METHODS: We report herein two @entity1 with massive hemoptysis due to @entity3002 of the lung; neither @entity1 had any lung or @entity262 . In both cases, the @entity548 was controlled with endovascular embolization. The first case had bronchopulmonary arterial anastomosis, and represents the first reported case with this @entity154 . The second case had recurrent massive hemoptysis due to bronchial @entity548 , and repeat embolization was performed. RESULTS: Both of these @entity1 had @entity395 without @entity358 , and were treated successfully with @entity1416 . CONCLUSION: Massive hemoptysis due to abnormal systemic @entity548 of the lung in the absence of parenchymal disease is an uncommon and severe symptom in childhood. Embolization can be a treatment option in @entity1 with abnormal vasculature @entity548 and can be repeated safely when needed.

title: Successful embolization in childhood hemoptysis due to XXXX of the lung and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'artery bleeding']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal systemic arterial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal lung disease']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare vascular anomalies']

answer: @entity3002 :: (MESH:D009421,Disease) :: ['abnormal systemic arterial bleeding']


abstract: Most newly synthesized soluble lysosomal proteins are delivered to the lysosome via the @entity7788 ( @entity1 -6-P)-targeting pathway. The presence of the @entity1 -6-P post-translational modification allows these proteins to be affinity-purified on immobilized @entity1 -6-P receptors. This approach has formed the basis for a number of proteomic studies that identified multiple as yet uncharacterized @entity1 -6-P glycoproteins that may represent new lysosomal proteins. Although the presence of @entity1 -6-P is suggestive of lysosomal function, the subcellular localization of such candidates requires experimental verification. Here, we have investigated one such candidate, ependymin-related protein ( @entity54899 ). @entity54899 is a protein of unknown function with some sequence similarity to ependymin, a fish protein thought to play a role in memory consolidation and learning. Using classical subcellular fractionation on @entity35 brain, @entity54899 co-distributes with lysosomal proteins, but there is significant overlap between lysosomal and mitochondrial markers. For more definitive localization, we have developed a novel approach based upon a selective buoyant density shift of the brain lysosomes in a mutant @entity19 lacking @entity60910 , a lysosomal protein involved in lipid transport. @entity54899 , in parallel with lysosomal markers, shows this density shift in gradient centrifugation experiments comparing mutant and wild type @entity19 . This approach, combined with morphological analyses, demonstrates that @entity54899 resides in the lysosome. In addition, the lipidosis-induced density shift approach represents a valuable tool for identification and validation of both luminal and membrane lysosomal proteins that should be applicable to high throughput proteomic studies.

title: Demonstration of lysosomal localization for the XXXX ependymin-related protein using classical approaches combined with a novel density shift method.

entities_list: @entity7788 :: ('MESH:C027693', 'Chemical') :: ['mannose 6-phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Myxosporea (Myxozoa), a group of parasitic Cnidaria, use mostly bony fishes (Teleostei) as intermediate hosts; however, they can also parasitize other vertebrates such as @entity9963 (Chondrichthyes). Molecular data of myxosporeans from sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii) revealed these parasites to be one of the most basal representatives in the myxosporean phylogenetic tree, suggesting their ancient evolutionary history. A new myxosporean species, Bipteria vetusta @entity8891 ., was found in the gall bladder of @entity49911 , @entity49911 (Holocephali; Chondrichthyes), and ssrDNA-based phylogeny revealed its basal position within the marine myxosporean lineage. Molecular dating based on ssrDNA analysis suggested the origin of a stem lineage leading to the marine myxosporean lineage at the time of the origin of Chondrichthyes in the Silurian era. The two common lineages of Myxozoa, Myxosporea and Malacosporea, were estimated to have split from their common ancestor in the Cambrian era. Tracing the history of evolution of the "vertebrate host type" character in the context of molecular dating showed that @entity9963 represented an ancestral state for all myxosporeans. Teleosts were very likely subsequently parasitized by myxozoans four times, independently. Myxosporean radiation and diversification appear to correlate with intermediate host evolution. The first intermediate hosts of myxosporeans were @entity9963 . When bony fish evolved and radiated, myxosporeans switched and adapted to bony fish, and subsequently greatly diversified in this new host niche. We believe that the present study is the first attempt at molecular dating of myxozoan evolution based on an old myxosporean species - a living myxosporean fossil.

title: Bipteria vetusta XXXX . - an old parasite in an old host: tracing the origin of myxosporean parasitism in vertebrates.

entities_list: @entity49911 :: ('7871', 'Species') :: ['rabbit fish', 'Chimaera monstrosa']

entities_list: @entity9963 :: ('MESH:D005393', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous fish']

answer: @entity8891 :: (42353,Species) :: ['n. sp']


abstract: The natural course of @entity30683 was studied retrospectively in @entity1 who had undergone @entity231 extraction. Postsurgical epithelial defects occurred in 41 of 796 eyes (5.2%). No difference was noted in the incidence of @entity2687 in eyes after intracapsular and extracapsular @entity231 extraction. Of the 41 eyes with postsurgical @entity2687 , 26 (63.4%) showed @entity2687 by the fourth postoperative day. Two types of healing patterns were noticed: rapid healing, in which there was complete epithelial resurfacing within 4 days after the onset of @entity2687 , and prolonged healing, in which the period for complete epithelial resurfacing ranged from 6 days to 34 days. Since fibronectin has been reported to facilitate corneal epithelial migration and adhesion, we administered autologous fibronectin eyedrops in five cases in which corneal epithelial erosion developed after @entity231 surgery and epithelial defects persisted more than 7 days (except case 2). In all cases receiving fibronectin treatment, complete epithelial resurfacing occurred. In four of five eyes, fibronectin eye drops were effective in epithelial resurfacing within 3-9 days; in one eye, complete epithelial resurfacing took 23 days. The present results indicate that there are two types of epithelial erosion and that fibronectin eye drops might be one of the possible therapeutic approaches for the treatment of persistent epithelial defects. The weak adhesion of epithelial cells underlying basement membrane may be one of the causes of persistent epithelial defects after @entity231 surgery.

title: Spontaneous persistent epithelial defects after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30683 :: ('MESH:C565155', 'Disease') :: ['corneal epithelial erosions']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal epithelial defects', 'corneal erosion']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Three previous reviews have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the efficacy of antidepressants for @entity1 with @entity615 . OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the efficacy of antidepressants for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity615 and to determine whether there is evidence that outcomes vary between classes of antidepressants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Best evidence synthesis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials of oral antidepressive agents in @entity1 with @entity615 . Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction and assessed included studies with a 22-point methodologic quality assessment scale. Effect sizes were calculated if sufficient data were available. RESULTS: Twenty-two trials of antidepressants for the treatment of @entity615 were identified, of which seven studies of @entity1643 met inclusion criteria. Among studies using antidepressants that inhibit @entity1063 reuptake (tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants), four of five found significant improvement in at least one relevant outcome measure. Assessment of these agents' impact on functional measures produced mixed results. No benefit in @entity158 relief or functional status was found in three studies of antidepressants that do not inhibit @entity1063 reuptake. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a small number of studies, tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants appear to produce moderate symptom reductions for @entity1 with @entity1643 . This benefit appears to be independent of @entity308 status. SSRIs do not appear to be beneficial for @entity1 with @entity1643 . There is conflicting evidence whether antidepressants improve functional status of @entity1 with @entity1643 .

title: Systematic review of antidepressants in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: The authors present the results of the long-term follow up of nine @entity1 with @entity101 treated by a portosystemic @entity254 . The evaluation was made 5-21 years after operation, according to criteria focused on the therapeutic effect of the @entity254 and its possible pathophysiological sequelae. In the authors' opinion the @entity254 is the operation of choice suited for @entity1 lacking a tendency of normalization of the portal circulation and with dangerous manifestations of portal overpressure. The indication is restricted to early age of the @entity1 (for technical reasons). Conversely the @entity1 should not attain adult age without unresolved @entity101 . For correct timing of the operation knowledge of the development of the disease is essential. Primarily infact livers do not undergo pathological changes even after years of @entity101 nor several years after an @entity254 . This is consistent with the fact that these @entity1 lack clinical manifestations of @entity75 . Investigations of the course of flow curves during semiquantitative evaluation of hepatobiliary sequential scintigraphy supported the previous view that establishment of the @entity254 and elimination of portal overpressure improves hepatic perfusion. Hepatobiliary sequential scintigraphy not previously used in this indication may be of value in the follow up of the disease and evidence of the @entity254 . This preliminary conclusion is being tested in a prospective study.

title: [Life prognosis in @entity1 with XXXX treated with portosystemic shunts].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['portosystemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'prehepatic portal hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['prehepatic portal hypertension']


abstract: The oviduct-derived embryotrophic factor, ETF-3, enhances the development of trophectoderm and the hatching process of treated embryos. Monoclonal anti-ETF-3 antibody that abolishes the embryotrophic activity of ETF-3 recognized a 115-kDa protein from the conditioned medium of immortalized @entity1 oviductal cells. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that the protein was complement C3. Western blot analysis using an antibody against C3 confirmed the cross-reactivities between anti-C3 antibody with ETF-3 and anti-ETF-3 antibody with C3 and its derivatives, @entity4417 and iC3b. Both derivatives, but not C3, were embryotrophic. iC3b was most efficient in enhancing the development of blastocysts with larger size and higher hatching rate, consistent with the previous reported embryotrophic activity of ETF-3. Embryos treated with iC3b contained iC3b immunoreactivity. The oviductal epithelium produced C3 as evidenced by the presence of C3 immunoreactivity and mRNA in the @entity1 oviduct and cultured oviductal cells. Cyclical changes in the expression of C3 immunoreactivity and mRNA were also found in the @entity19 oviduct with the highest expression at the estrus stage. Molecules involving in the conversion of @entity4417 to iC3b and binding of iC3b were present in the @entity1 oviduct (factor I) and @entity19 preimplantation embryo (Crry and @entity3804 ), respectively. In conclusion, the present data showed that the oviduct produced C3/ @entity4417 , which was converted to iC3b to stimulate embryo development.

title: The embryotrophic activity of oviductal cell-derived complement XXXX and iC3b, a novel function of complement protein in reproduction.

answer: @entity4417 :: (718,Gene) :: ['C3b']


abstract: Apetala2/ @entity1786 -responsive factor (AP2/ERF) proteins are AP2 domain-containing transcription factors and form the second largest transcription factor family in plants. Biological functions of many of these AP2 proteins are still unknown. Here, we report the characterisation of a novel member of the AP2/ERF superfamily, dehydration-responsive factor 1 (HvDRF1) from @entity2247 , and its role in @entity2271 ( @entity2272 )-mediated gene regulation. The expression of HvDRF1 was upregulated in @entity2247 leaves and roots under drought, salt or @entity2272 treatment, and in embryos during seed maturation. Three forms of HvDRF1 transcripts were produced through alternative splicing, two of which encoded AP2 proteins. This alternative splicing pattern was also observed in a @entity3505 homologue gene, TaDRF1. Both of HvDRF1 AP2 proteins acted as transcriptional activators, capable of activating the promoter activity of an @entity2272 -inducible HVA1s in @entity2247 . In vitro DNA-binding analysis using synthetic oligonucleotides revealed that HvDRF1 AP2 protein bound preferably to a CT-rich element (T(T/A)ACCGCCTT). HvDRF1 activity on the activation of HVA1s expression in @entity2247 leaves was markedly enhanced by HvABI5 (a bZIP transcription factor), @entity2272 or drought treatment. These results indicate that the HvDRF1 transcriptional activator co-operates with other @entity2272 -responsive factors in the upregulation of stress gene expression through an @entity2272 -dependent pathway.

title: HvDRF1 is involved in @entity2271 -mediated gene regulation in XXXX and produces two forms of AP2 transcriptional activators, interacting preferably with a CT-rich element.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 35 million @entity1 are infected with @entity2440 ( @entity2441 ) globally, of whom 15 million are in China. Glycolytic enzymes are recognized as crucial molecules for trematode survival and have been targeted for vaccine and drug development. Hexokinase of @entity2441 (CsHK), as the first key regulatory enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, was investigated in the current study. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: There were differences in spatial structure and affinities for hexoses and phosphate donors between CsHK and HKs from @entity1 or @entity35 , the definitive hosts of @entity2441 . Effectors (AMP, PEP, and citrate) and a small molecular inhibitor regulated the enzymatic activity of rCsHK, and various allosteric systems were detected. CsHK was distributed in the worm extensively as well as in liver tissue and serum from @entity2441 infected @entity35 . Furthermore, high-level specific IgG1 and @entity17993 were induced in @entity35 by immunization with rCsHK. The enzymatic activity of CsHK was suppressed by the antibody in vitro. Additionally, the survival of @entity2441 was inhibited by the antibody in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Due to differences in putative spatial structure and enzymology between CsHK and HK from the host, its extensive distribution in adult worms, and its expression profile as a component of excretory/secretory products, together with its good immunogenicity and immunoreactivity, as a key glycolytic enzyme, CsHK shows potential as a vaccine and as a promising drug target for @entity14007 .

title: Advanced Enzymology, Expression Profile and Immune Response of XXXX Hexokinase Show Its Application Potential for Prevention and Control of @entity14007 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'people']

entities_list: @entity14007 :: ('MESH:D003003', 'Disease') :: ['Clonorchiasis']

entities_list: @entity2440 :: ('79923', 'Species') :: ['Clonorchis sinensis']

answer: @entity2440 :: (79923,Species) :: ['Clonorchis sinensis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study, stratified sampling. OBJECTIVE: Using dynamic computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) to explore the age-related distribution patterns of the microcirculation perfusion in the vertebral marrow, the vertebral @entity79 ( @entity79 ), and the @entity528 ( @entity528 ) further to discuss the possible causation between them. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A latest viewpoint deemed that reduced blood supply of the vertebral marrow was correlated with an increased incidence of @entity528 and loss of @entity79 . However, the causative relationship between them needs more investigation. METHODS: One hundred eighty-six general @entity1 were randomly enrolled by stratified sampling and grouped by age: 15 years or less, 16 to 25 years, 26 to 35 years, 36 to 45 years, 46 to 55 years, 56 to 65 years, 66 to 75 years, and 76 years or more. Both CTP and @entity79 of the third and fourth lumbar vertebral marrow were measured, and the @entity528 incidence of the third-fourth vertebrae was assessed. The temporal-spatial distribution patterns of the age-related changes of CTP, @entity79 , and @entity528 were described, and the correlations between them were calculated. RESULTS: Microcirculatory perfusion of the vertebral marrow developed to maturate by 25 years, maintained stable at 35 years, and then declined by age after 35 years. @entity79 grew to a peak phase in 26 to 45 years and then dropped by years. However, @entity528 presented a sudden increase after 45 years of age. CTP (blood flow [r = 0.806], blood volume [r = 0.685], and permeability [r = 0.619]) showed strong positive correlations and CTP (time to peak [r = -0.211], mean transit time [r = -0.598]) showed negative correlations with @entity79 . Meanwhile, CTP (blood flow [r = -0.815], blood volume [r = -0.753], and permeability [r = -0.690]) had strong negative correlations and CTP (time to peak [r = 0.323] and mean transit time [r = 0.628]) had positive correlations with the incidence of @entity528 . CONCLUSION: Aging-related decrease of the microcirculatory perfusion of the lumbar vertebral marrow preceded the loss of @entity79 and the onset of @entity528 , indicating their possible causal relationship. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Dysfunctional Microcirculation of the Lumbar Vertebral Marrow Prior to the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral discal degeneration', 'IDD']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['Bone Loss and Intervertebral Discal Degeneration']


abstract: PURPOSE: Lymph node @entity3 is one of the most important factors influencing prognosis and further therapy in @entity1 with @entity2622 . The aim of this study was to confirm the impact of nodal @entity3 od disease-free interval in @entity1 with stage @entity3846 @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From June 1986 to December 1999 269 @entity1 with stage @entity3846 @entity2622 were operated on. Two hundred thirty-six (87.84%) @entity1 had class III and 33 (12.16%) class II radical hysterectomy, according to Piver's classification. RESULTS: The median number of the removed lymph nodes was 21. Positive lymph nodes were found in 71 (25.28%) @entity1 . All @entity1 with positive lymph nodes received postoperative adjuvant external beam radiotherapy. @entity1 with bulky @entity66 received also chemotherapy.Overall 5-year disease-free interval in 212 @entity1 was 80%. Five-year disease-free interval for @entity1 without lymph node @entity3 was 91%, while it was 40% in those with lymph node @entity3 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Surgical staging of @entity5 , which includes pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy,together with pathological data, can provide potentially useful information for the radiation oncologist and precise analysis of survival and prognostic risk factors.

title: Radical hysterectomy for stage XXXX @entity2622 : lymph node @entity3 as a prognostic factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the uterine cervix', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3846 :: (9479,Gene) :: ['IB1']


abstract: This study provides a detailed light microscopic description of the morphology and distribution of immunohistochemically stained serotonergic axons in the hippocampal region of the New Zealand white @entity95 . The serotonergic axons were segregated morphologically into three types: beaded fibers, fine fibers, and stem-axons, respectively. Beaded fibers were thin serotonergic axons with large varicosities, whereas thin axons with small fusiform or granular varicosities were called fine fibers. Finally, thick straight non-varicose axons were called stem-axons. Beaded fibers often formed large conglomerates with numerous boutons (pericellular arrays) in close apposition to the cell-rich layers in the hippocampal region, e.g., the granular and hilar cell layers of the dentate area and the pyramidal cell layer ventrally in @entity8475 . The pericellular arrays in these layers were often encountered in relation to small calbindin-D2BK-positive cells, as shown by immunohistochemical double staining for @entity750 and calbindin- @entity43147 . The beaded and fine serotonergic fibers displayed a specific innervation pattern in the hippocampal region and were encountered predominantly within the terminal field of the perforant path, e.g., the stratum moleculare hippocampi and the outer two-thirds of the dentate molecular layer. These fibers were also frequently seen in the deep part of the stratum oriens and the alveus, forming a dense plexus in relation to large multipolar calbindin- @entity43147 -positive cells and their basal extensions. Stem-axons were primarily seen in the fimbria and alveus. This innervation pattern was present throughout the entire hippocampal formation, but there were considerable septotemporal differences in the density of the serotonergic innervation. A high density of innervation prevailed in the ventral/temporal part of the hippocampal formation, whereas the dorsal/septal part received only a moderate to weak serotonergic innervation. These results suggest that the serotonergic system could modulate the internal hippocampal circuitry by way of its innervation in the terminal field of the perforant path, the hilus fasciae dentatae, and ventrally in the zone closely apposed to the mossy fiber layer and the pyramidal cells of @entity8475 . This modulation could be of a dual nature, mediated directly by single serotonergic fibers traversing the hippocampal layers or indirectly by the pericellular arrays and their close relation to the calbindin- @entity43147 -positive cells. The marked septotemporal differences in innervation density point toward a difference between the ventral and dorsal parts of the hippocampal formation with respect to serotonergic function and need for serotonergic modulation.

title: Distribution and morphology of XXXX -immunoreactive axons in the hippocampal region of the New Zealand white @entity95 . I. Area dentata and hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity43147 :: ('p|SUB|D|28|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D28K']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: A major foundation of the field of @entity5 chemoprevention has resided in an impressive number of animal studies showing that @entity5 can be prevented by a variety of chemical compounds. In the search for increasingly effective inhibitors, both synthetic and naturally occurring compounds are being investigated. One group of naturally occurring compounds of particular interest consists of minor dietary nonnutrients. Foods of plant origin frequently contain as much as several per cent of these compounds. In recent years there has been a growing awareness that they may have important effects on the consequences of exposure to carcinogenic agents. This information comes from studies of whole diets; individual dietary constituents, particularly those from plants; and finally from investigations of pure compounds. The nonnutrient inhibitors of @entity105 have several different mechanisms of action. Some are blocking agents; i.e., they prevent carcinogens from reaching or reacting with critical target sites. Others are suppressing agents; i.e., they prevent evolution of the @entity5 in cells that otherwise would become malignant. Occasionally, one compound will show both mechanisms. The nonnutrient compounds have the important attribute of there being data on their consumption by @entity1 . Thus, it may be possible to evaluate their impact on @entity5 risk. Ultimately, information pertaining to these compounds may be useful in terms of diet selection or their use as dietary supplements.

title: Inhibition of XXXX by minor dietary constituents.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplastic process']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity29 is thought to result from an abnormal response to the gut microbiota. This review discusses advances in knowledge of the changes in gut microbiota and host response in @entity29 . RECENT FINDINGS: Approximately 15% of @entity30 cases in western populations result from mutations in @entity6820 / @entity6820 . This disease leads to defective intestinal defensin production and defective monocyte @entity687 response to bacterial peptidoglycan. A similar defective @entity687 response and consequent delayed neutrophil recruitment have also been shown in @entity1 with @entity30 who do not have the @entity6820 mutation. A consequence seems to be the accumulation in tissue of macrophages containing various bacteria, perhaps particularly @entity526 . In keeping with this @entity1 with @entity30 have circulating antibodies against @entity2348 and clostridia. In @entity31 , there is less evidence for invasion by or immune response to bacteria but changes in gut microbiota include a relative @entity942 . There is considerable interest in probiotic or prebiotic therapies although so far little evidence for their efficacy. SUMMARY: Molecular techniques are giving us better insight into the gut microbiota in @entity29 that should translate into improved therapies.

title: Bacteria in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial flagellar proteins of enterobacteria']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of bifidobacteria']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: Radiation oncology has undergone rapid technical development during the last few years. The further development of treatment planning systems and treatment machines had a major impact on the improvement of radiation therapy results in @entity263 . This paper presents different treatment modalities and results. Currently available are three-dimensional conformal radiation, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), high dose rate brachytherapy, and low dose rate brachytherapy (seed implantation). All modalities offer the possibility for dose escalation, which is essential for curative treatment. Dose escalation using these techniques makes it possible to reduce the dose for the surrounding organs at risk. Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy can be delivered with doses up to 78 Gy. The biochemical control rate is up to 90% depending on the risk factors T stage, initial PSA, and Gleason score. The incidence of late side effects is <10%. IMRT is a newer modality for percutaneous radiotherapy. By individual dose modification in the treatment fields, doses >80 Gy can be delivered in small treatment volumes. Treatment has to be highly precise to avoid dose peaks in the organs at risk, i.e., rectum and bladder. The preliminary data for remission and @entity137 rates are promising, but it is too early for final conclusions. For cases with high-risk factors such as PSA >10 ng/ml, Gleason score >6, and stage T3, percutaneous radiation can be combined with neoadjuvant or adjuvant hormonal treatment. Randomized trials showed an improvement of the results in favor of combined treatment. HDR brachytherapy in combination with external radiation is a good option for dose escalation in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 and/or other high-risk factors. The biochemical control rates are between 60 and 84%, late effects occur in less than 10%. Seed implantation (LDR brachytherapy) as sole treatment is indicated for prognostically favorable situations (PSA <10 ng/ml, Gleason score < or =6, and T1c or T2a @entity5 ). The biochemical control rates are between 80 and 90%. @entity137 consists of urine retention and @entity4272 , occurring in 10-20% of the @entity1 .

title: [Curative radiotherapy of XXXX . Treatment methods and results].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity43 is a @entity102 with a risk of @entity3147 . Nutritional Risk Index (NRI) has been reported as a simple and accurate tool to assess the nutritional status. We sought to explore the prevalence of @entity3147 and its association with survival in @entity43 . A retrospective study was conducted in 213 advanced @entity43 @entity1 . NRI was calculated before and at the end of treatment using @entity1 ' body weight and serum @entity2313 level. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method, and associations were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards analysis adjusted for known prognostic variables. Moderate to severely malnourished @entity1 had lower 5-yr @entity1349 (45.3%) compared to normal to mild group (64.0%), respectively (P   =   0.024). Adjusted for covariates, the relative risk of @entity204 was 5.8  times higher in moderate/severely malnourished group identified at the last course of chemotherapy (HR   =   5.896, 95% CI   =   2.723-12.764, P   <   0.001). Similarly, this cohort had shorter PFS compared with normal to mild risk group (median 15  vs. 28 months, P   =   0.011). @entity3147 is prevalent among @entity43 @entity1 and is found to be a significant predictor for mortality.

title: XXXX Identified by the Nutritional Risk Index and Poor Prognosis in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['Malnutrition']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case series of seven @entity1 who had a thoracolumbar gibbus related to @entity1646 treated with anterior instrumentation were reported retrospectively. OBJECTIVE: To describe a new technique for treating @entity1513 in @entity1 with @entity1646 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Management of this condition is not well represented in the literature. Isolated reports on the surgical management of this disorder appear, but there is no previous report of correction performed anteriorly. METHODS: Seven @entity1 underwent anterior instrumentation for correction of a thoracolumbar gibbus not arrested by brace treatment. Preoperative @entity1513 ranged from 42 degrees to 64 degrees (average, 52.5 degrees ). Data on all seven @entity1 were collected prospectively. The technique and its principles are described. RESULTS: A good correction of the @entity1513 was obtained, with postoperative angles of 3 degrees to 29 degrees (average, 15 degrees ), and maintained through the follow-up period. There were no complications from the procedure. CONCLUSION: Anterior instrumented correction and fusion of the spine is effective in treating thoracolumbar @entity1513 associated with @entity1646 .

title: Anterior instrumented fusion for thoracolumbar @entity1513 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['progressive thoracolumbar kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1646 :: ('MESH:D009083', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis']

answer: @entity1646 :: (MESH:D009083,Disease) :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) blunt progression of advanced @entity2316 , but their long-term renal effects in other @entity1 are not clear. OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term renal effects of @entity9887 versus placebo in adults at high vascular risk. DESIGN: Randomized trial. @entity1 were randomly assigned by a central automated system between November 2001 and May 2004 and were followed until March 2008. @entity1 and investigators were blinded to intervention status. SETTING: Multicenter, multinational study. @entity1 : 5927 adults with known @entity65 or @entity6 with end-organ damage but without macroalbuminuria or @entity712 who cannot tolerate angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. INTERVENTION: @entity9887 , 80 mg/d (n = 2954), or matching placebo (n = 2972) plus standard treatment for a mean of 56 months. MEASUREMENTS: Composite renal outcome of dialysis or doubling of serum @entity1011 , changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and changes in @entity633 . RESULTS: No important difference was found in the composite renal outcome with @entity9887 (58 @entity1 [1.96%]) versus placebo (46 @entity1 [1.55%]) (hazard ratio, 1.29 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.89]; P = 0.20). Among the @entity9887 and placebo groups, 7 and 10 @entity1 had dialysis and 56 and 36 @entity1 had doubling of serum @entity1011 , respectively (hazard ratio, 1.59 [CI, 1.04 to 2.41]; P = 0.031). @entity633 increased less with @entity9887 than with placebo (32% [CI, 23% to 41%] vs. 63% [CI, 52% to 76%]; P < 0.001). Decreases in estimated GFR were greater with @entity9887 than with placebo (mean change in estimated GFR, -3.2 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) [SD, 18.3] vs. -0.26 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) [SD, 18.0]; P < 0.001). LIMITATION: Only 17 @entity1 had dialysis. CONCLUSION: In adults with @entity455 but without macroalbuminuria, the effects of @entity9887 on major renal outcomes were similar to those of placebo.

title: Effect of XXXX on renal outcomes: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan', 'Telmisartan']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity9887 :: (MESH:C084178,Chemical) :: ['telmisartan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several factors have led to our unique approach of delayed definitive d  bridement. We wanted to evaluate the effectiveness of our management and compare it with the existing data in the literature. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 194 @entity1 presenting between January 1996 and October 2003 with penetrating @entity18329 . After exclusion criteria, 125 @entity1 qualified. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 88.8% were male. The mean age was 24.9 +/- 10.9 years. In 70.4% of @entity1 , the presenting Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score was 3 to 8. Only 38 (30.4%) of the 125 @entity1 survived, with poor outcome in 2 and good outcome in 36. Bilaterally fixed and dilated pupils and bihemispheric tract on computed tomographic scan were significantly related to poor outcome. There were 49 surgical procedures performed on 27 of the @entity1 , with a mortality rate of 7.4%. Of the 38 survivors, 13 underwent no surgery. Average time to surgery was 11.04 days. Total rate of @entity281 was 8%, and it did not influence outcome. No @entity1 presenting with a GCS score of 3 or 4 survived. Seventeen @entity1 attended follow-up, for a total of 3609 days (average, 212 d) and very few late complications. CONCLUSION: Our supportive care of @entity1 is not optimal. We should have saved more of our @entity1 who presented with GCS scores of 14 and 15 who subsequently died. We have been able to report unconventionally late surgical management of two-thirds of survivors, with no surgery in one-third of survivors. Despite a high rate of infectious complications, @entity281 did not lead to @entity204 or disability. Our protocol rarely leads to @entity1 surviving in a permanently vegetative state. In the future, we would perform early surgery for @entity1 who present awake and continue our current management for poor-grade @entity1 . In this way, we will improve the number of good outcomes without increasing the population of severely damaged and dependent survivors.

title: Penetrating civilian XXXX : a protocol of delayed surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18329 :: ('MESH:D014948', 'Disease') :: ['craniocerebral gunshot wounds']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity18329 :: (MESH:D014948,Disease) :: ['craniocerebral gunshot wounds']


abstract: The microcirculation of the wound bed is a key parameter for improving granulation tissue formation and, hence, wound healing. The aim of this study was to determine whether a wound dressing comprising collagen/oxidized regenerated cellulose has effects over a short term on wound healing. Wounds were evaluated using a clinical wound score; @entity158 associated with wounds was measured using a visual analogue scale. Wound microcirculation was evaluated using a technique based on noncontact remission spectroscopy. A prospective trial was performed in 40 @entity1 with chronic @entity3179 (mean age 74 years; range, 43-93 years; 25 females and 15 males). @entity1 in group A were treated with PROMOGRAN Matrix (Johnson_ Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ) combined with "good" @entity1066 care for 2 weeks. Control group B consisted of 10 @entity1 who received only good @entity1066 care. The authors measured a favorable clinical response in 76.9% (group A) versus 66.7% (group B). The mean reduction of @entity1066 area was statistically significant in group A (P < .05). The wound score improved in group A from 2.28 +/- 1.24 (before treatment) increasing to 3.72 +/- 1.57 (after 1 week; P < .00023) and 4.92 +/- 1.68 (after 2 weeks; P < .000027). In group B, the score improved from 1.44 +/- 1.33 (before treatment) to 3.22 +/- 1.30 (after 1 week; P < .0077). The mean visual analogue @entity158 score before treatment was 8.72 (group A) and 7.88 (group B) (ns, P > .05). After 1 week of treatment, the score dropped to 5.76 (group A) and 6.66 (group B). In the second week, group A @entity1 had a mean @entity158 score of 3.84 compared with the @entity158 score before treatment (P < .05). After 1 week of treatment, in group A there was a decrease in remission spectroscopy, which is considered to reflect an improvement in microcirculation.

title: Some effects of a topical collagen-based matrix on the microcirculation and wound healing in XXXX with chronic @entity3179 : preliminary observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Blockade of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) function during 8 days of oral therapy with @entity3593 (20 mg/kg) and @entity9886 (10 mg/kg) normalized the arterial pressure (112+/-3/70+/-3 mm Hg) and raised the plasma concentrations of the vasodilator peptide angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] of 21 male spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Treated animals were then given a 15-minute infusion of either @entity19 immunoglobulin G1 or a specific monoclonal Ang-(1-7) antibody while their blood pressure and heart rate were recorded continuously in the awake state. The concentrations of @entity1808 and Ang-(1-7) in arterial blood were determined by radioimmunoassay. Infusion of the Ang-(1-7) antibody caused significant elevations in mean arterial pressure that were sustained for the duration of the infusion and were accompanied by transient @entity1168 . Although the hemodynamic effects produced by infusion of the Ang-(1-7) antibody had no effect on plasma levels of @entity1808 , they caused a twofold rise in the plasma concentrations of Ang-(1-7). A pressor response of similar magnitude and characteristics was obtained in a separate group of SHR treated with the combination of @entity3593 and @entity9886 for 8 days during an infusion of [Sar1-Thr8] @entity1808 . The pressor response induced by the administration of this competitive, non-subtype-selective @entity1808 receptor blocker was not modified by pretreatment of the @entity35 with an @entity11082 ( @entity11082 ) receptor blocker ( @entity11083 ). Plasma concentrations of @entity1808 and Ang-(1-7) were not changed by the administration of [Sar1-Thr8] @entity1808 either in the absence or in the presence of @entity11083 pretreatment. These results are the first to indicate an important contribution of Ang-(1-7) in mediating the vasodilator effects caused by combined inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme and @entity1809 receptors. The comparable results obtained by administration of [Sar1-Thr8] @entity1808 suggest that the vasodepressor effects of Ang-(1-7) during the combined treatment is modulated by a non- @entity1809 / @entity11082 angiotensin subtype receptor.

title: Vasodepressor actions of angiotensin-(1-7) unmasked during combined treatment with XXXX and @entity9886 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity3593 :: (MESH:D017706,Chemical) :: ['lisinopril']


abstract: PURPOSE: The randomised, controlled OSHO#39 study showed promising results using first-line @entity2664 , @entity5805 and @entity617 (MCP) chemotherapy plus rituximab in @entity1 with advanced symptomatic @entity706 ( @entity706 ) in need of therapy. The aim of this long-term follow-up was to investigate whether clinical benefits are maintained after up to 9  years of observation. METHODS: Following the 4-year follow-up of OSHO#39, 77 @entity706 @entity1 who received rituximab plus MCP (R-MCP) and 52 @entity1 who received MCP (129 @entity1 alive and not previously censored in total) were followed for 5 additional years in this prospective, non-interventional, observational study. For the efficacy analysis, data were jointly analysed with OSHO#39 data ( @entity706 intention-to-treat population: 105 @entity1 R-MCP, 96 MCP). @entity1 not included in the 5-year follow-up were censored. RESULTS: For surviving @entity1 , median follow-up was 102  months (R-MCP) and 87  months (MCP). Although median overall survival (OS) was not yet reached, OS was longer for @entity1 with R-MCP compared with MCP (p  =  0.0057), with 8-year-survival rates of 76.1 versus 55.9  %. Further time-to-event data were substantially longer for the R-MCP group than for MCP alone: median progression-free survival (PFS) was 93.4 versus 34.9  months, and median event-free survival (EFS) 89.6 versus 26.5  months. Unplanned subanalyses of @entity1 with and without interferon maintenance showed improved PFS and EFS without an impact on OS. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of rituximab to first-line MCP chemotherapy improves clinical outcomes in advanced @entity706 @entity1 and translates into long-term OS benefits. R-MCP remains a promising standard option for this @entity1 group.

title: Long-term follow-up of rituximab plus first-line @entity2664 , @entity5805 , @entity617 and interferon-alpha as maintenance therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma', 'FL']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: In @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity1 brains, the accumulation of amyloid-b (Ab) peptides is associated with activated microglia. Ab is derived from the amyloid precursor protein; two major forms of Ab, that is, Ab1-40 (Ab40) and Ab1-42 (Ab42), exist. We previously reported that @entity35 microglia phagocytose Ab42, and @entity22520 ( @entity22520 ), a chromosomal protein, inhibits phagocytosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of exogenous @entity22520 on @entity35 microglial Ab40 phagocytosis. In the presence of exogenous @entity22520 , Ab40 markedly increased in microglial cytoplasm, and the reduction of extracellular Ab40 was inhibited. During this period, @entity22520 was colocalized with Ab40 in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, exogenous @entity22520 inhibited the degradation of Ab40 induced by the @entity35 microglial cytosolic fraction. Thus, extracellular @entity22520 may internalize with Ab40 in the microglial cytoplasm and inhibit Ab40 degradation by microglia. This may subsequently delay Ab40 clearance. We further confirmed that in @entity195 brains, the parts of @entity527 surrounded by activated microglia are composed of Ab40, and extracellular @entity22520 is deposited on these plaques. Taken together, microglial Ab phagocytosis dysfunction may be caused by @entity22520 that accumulates extracellularly on Ab plaques, and it may be critically involved in the pathological progression of @entity195 .

title: Microglial Amyloid-b1-40 Phagocytosis Dysfunction Is Caused by High-Mobility Group Box Protein-1: Implications for the Pathological Progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['senile plaques']

entities_list: @entity22520 :: ('25459(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['HMGB1', 'high mobility group box protein 1']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']


abstract: All cases of occupational @entity923 (OCTS) who received surgery for this condition in the @entity1538 system were identified using claim and physician billing databases. One hundred ninety-one incident surgical cases were identified between July 1, 1987 and December 31, 1987, and were followed up a mean of 3 years postoperatively for clinical, disability, and return to work outcomes. Medical record and claim file review was required for clinical and employment information. The mean age of all @entity1 was 36.6 years, 48% were female, and 40% received bilateral surgery. The mean time from claim filing to surgery was 187 days. Ninety-eight percent of cases met the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) case definition for OCTS. Relief of @entity158 was complete or modest in 86% (124/145) and only 14% of cases reported no improvement in symptoms. Mean duration of disability (time loss) postoperatively was nearly 4 months, and 8% of cases exceeded 1 year of time loss. The majority of cases returned to their same job (67%) or to a different job (15%). Workers in high risk occupations were less likely to return to the same job after CTS surgery compared to those in lower risk occupations (61% vs. 75%, p = 0.08). In this population, no association was seen between any outcome and age, gender, marital status, or baseline wage. @entity717 was not significantly related to preoperative severity of OCTS or to more specific case criteria for this condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Outcome of @entity923 surgery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ["Washington State workers' compensation"]

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Duration of disability']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['Washington State workers' compensation']


abstract: Between 1970 und 1989 30 @entity1 were admitted with the diagnosis of @entity1146 with @entity12043 (PA/IVS). Before palliation 4 @entity1 died. According to the grade of right @entity299 the @entity1 were divided into 3 groups of mild, moderate or severe @entity509 . Palliative operations were performed in 25 @entity1 (17 m, 9 f) with a mean age of 10 days: 13 valvotomies (V), 5 aortopulmonary shunts (S), 7 V plus S. One @entity1 had total correction as primary procedure. A total of 17 reoperations was necessary in 12 of 26 @entity1 (10 palliations, 7 total corrections). Total corrections were: 2 conduits and 5 patches of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Total mortality was 14/30 (54%) @entity1 : early 10/26 (38%), late 4/16 (25%) @entity1 . After total correction mortality was 3/7 (43%) @entity1 . Actuarial survival after palliation was 46% after 5 and 10 years. For @entity1 with PA/IVS we recommend the following surgical strategy: 1. mild @entity509 : V plus S for palliation; 2. moderate @entity509 : S plus patch of RVOT; 3. severe @entity509 : after @entity4889 and antegrade decompression of the right ventricle (RV). For total correction in a well developed RV we prefer @entity2438 -closure and patch of RVOT if possible with homograft monocusp. In moderate or severe @entity509 a Fontan operation is done with closure of the @entity2438 and tricuspid orifice with a single patch.

title: [Early and late results after surgical treatment of @entity1146 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['initial ballon septostomy S']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity12043 :: ('MESH:C562832', 'Disease') :: ['intact ventricular septum']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

answer: @entity12043 :: (MESH:C562832,Disease) :: ['intact ventricular septum']


abstract: The safety and efficacy of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) followed by allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) for @entity706 remains unresolved. We conducted a prospective, multicentered, phase II trial. A total of 170 relapsed/ @entity706 received a RIC regimen followed by @entity8 from sibling donors. The primary study end point was non-relapse mortality (NRM). Histologies were @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) (indolent ( @entity1893 ), n=63; aggressive ( @entity1893 ), n=61; @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ), n=14) and @entity978 ( @entity978 , n=32). Median follow-up was 33 months (range, 12-82). The results show that frequencies were as follows: cumulative NRM at 3 years, 14%; acute and @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) 35 and 52%, respectively; 3-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), 69% for @entity1893 , 69% for @entity1893 , 45% for @entity1073 and 32% for @entity978 (P=0.058); and 3-year relapse incidence, 29, 31, 35 and 81%, respectively (P<0.001). Relapse risk differed significantly at 3 years between @entity706 ( @entity706 ) and @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) (14 versus 46%, P=0.04). Molecular remission occurred in 94 and 40% (P=0.002) of @entity1 with @entity706 and @entity1072 , respectively. On multivariate analysis, @entity1349 was influenced by chemorefractory disease (hazard ratio (HR)=3.6), diagnosis of @entity978 (HR=3.5), and acute @entity2132 (HR=5.9). RIC allogeneic @entity8 is a feasible and effective salvage strategy in both indolent and aggressive @entity1893 .

title: Allogeneic XXXX following reduced-intensity conditioning can induce durable clinical and molecular remissions in @entity706 : pre-transplant disease status and histotype heavily influence outcome.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed lymphomas', 'FL', 'follicular lymphoma', 'refractory lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['MCL', 'mantle cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HG-NHL', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas", 'LG-NHL', 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['stem cell transplantation']


abstract: Lectin binding patterns in spermatogonia of @entity329 in gonadally active and inactive states were examined by light and electron microscopy. After exposure to a short day cycle (SD), the testis weight and the diameter of seminiferous tubules decreased, reaching the minimum at 13 weeks. At that time, spermatogenesis was severely disrupted. In the animals kept exposed to an SD, spermatogenesis reinitiated spontaneously after 23 weeks. In the animals transferred to a long day cycle (LD) after exposure to an SD for 13 weeks, spermatogenesis reinitiated only 4 weeks later. As to the lectin binding, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin ( @entity7840 ) bound specifically to spermatogonia. The number of @entity7840 -positive spermatogonia per one seminiferous tubule increased until 13 weeks after exposure to an SD, and then gradually decreased. @entity7840 bound to only type A spermatogonia in active testes, whereas it bound to type A, intermediate and type B spermatogonia in inactive testes. Moreover, @entity214 -PAGE and Western blot analysis of testes in active and inactive states indicated that @entity7840 -binding bands (115 kDa, 76 kDa) in inactive testes were intense compared with those in active testes. The 82 kDa band was detected only in inactive testes. These results supported the finding obtained from lectin histochemistry. @entity7840 -binding glycoprotein was detected in all types of spermatogonia in inactive testes, suggesting that this glycoprotein way concern the active/inactive state of spermatogenesis. The present study also indicated that @entity7840 is a useful marker for spermatogonia in inactive testes of @entity329 .

title: Distribution of lectin binding in spermatogonia of XXXX in gonadally active and inactive states.

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster', 'Syrian hamsters']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational events for proteins, affecting their functions in health and disease, and plays significant roles in various information traffics for intracellular and intercellular biological events (Hancock, W. S. J. Proteome Res. 2002, 1, 297). We have attempted to obtain the information on the numbers and amounts of @entity1735 chains. Interaction between @entity1735 chains and proteins that recognize them is a target to understand the biological roles of glycosylation. To date, there have been a few strategies for simultaneous analysis of the interactions between complex mixtures of @entity3363 and proteins. Here, we report an approach to categorize @entity1735 chains using a few glycoprotein samples as models for the studies on the analysis of post-translational modification of proteins with @entity3363 . A combination of some specific lectins was used as @entity1735 -binding proteins. The method is based on high-resolution separation of fluorescent-labeled @entity3363 by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescent detection in the presence of @entity1735 -binding proteins at different concentrations. The present technique affords (1) simultaneous determination of @entity1735 chains, (2) binding specificity of the constituent @entity1735 chains to specific proteins, and (3) kinetic data such as the association constant of each @entity1735 . We found that the lectins employed in the present study could discriminate subtle difference in linkages and resolved the @entity1735 mixtures. The results will be useful, for example, to understand the biological events expressed with @entity1735 changes on the cell surface.

title: Capillary affinity electrophoresis for the screening of post-translational modification of proteins with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity3363 :: (MESH:D002241,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrates']


abstract: The genome of the @entity1 @entity11333 @entity2330 contains nearly 3000 introns and bioinformatic predictions indicate that major and minor spliceosomes occur in Entamoeba. However, except for the U2-, U4-, U5- and U6 snRNAs, no other splicing factor has been cloned and characterized. Here, we HA-tagged cloned the snRNP component U1A and assessed its expression and nuclear localization. Because the snRNP-free U1A form interacts with polyadenylate-binding protein, HA-U1A immunoprecipitates could identify early and late splicing complexes. Avoiding Entamoeba's endonucleases and ensuring the precipitation of RNA-binding proteins, parasite cultures were UV cross-linked prior to nuclear fraction immunoprecipitations with HA antibodies, and precipitates were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry ( @entity15 / @entity15 ) analyses. To discriminate their nuclear roles (chromatin-, co-transcriptional-, splicing-related), @entity15 / @entity15 analyses were carried out with proteins eluted with MS2-GST-sepharose from nuclear extracts of an MS2 aptamer-tagged Rabx13 intron amoeba transformant. Thus, we probed thirty-six Entamoeba proteins corresponding to 32 cognate splicing-specific factors, including 13 DExH/D helicases required for all stages of splicing, and 12 different splicing-related helicases were identified also. Furthermore 50 additional proteins, possibly involved in co-transcriptional processes were identified, revealing the complexity of co-transcriptional splicing in Entamoeba. Some of these later factors were not previously found in splicing complex analyses. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Numerous facts about the splicing of the nearly 3000 introns of the Entamoeba genome have not been unraveled, particularly the splicing factors and their activities. Considering that many of such introns are located in metabolic genes, the knowledge of the splicing cues has the potential to be used to attack or control the parasite. We have found numerous new splicing-related factors which could have therapeutic benefit. We also detected all the DExH/A RNA helicases involved in splicing and splicing proofreading control. Still, Entamoeba is very inefficient in splicing fidelity, thus we may have found a possible model system to study these processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics, mass spectrometry and peptidomics, Cancun 2013.

title: Proteomic analysis of XXXX in vivo assembled pre-mRNA splicing complexes.

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal parasite']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']

answer: @entity2330 :: (5759,Species) :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An increased level of @entity650 ( @entity650 ) in @entity43 ( @entity43 ) is correlated with a worse prognosis. @entity650 stimulates @entity5 and @entity32 . We investigated the intricate interaction between the @entity650 signaling pathway and @entity5 -infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) to determine their prognostic impact in @entity43 . 160 @entity43 samples were analyzed for the expression of @entity10497 ( @entity10497 ) and downstream signaling via pSTAT3 by immunohistochemistry. Triple color immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was used to identify myeloid cell populations by @entity5750 , @entity1116 , and @entity11772 . The relationship between these markers, @entity5 -infiltrating immune cells, clinical-pathological characteristics and survival was investigated. @entity43 displayed a dense infiltration with myeloid cells, in particular of the @entity11772 (+) type. The distribution pattern of all myeloid subtypes was comparable among the different histological subtypes. Analysis of the @entity5 cells revealed a high expression of @entity10497 in 15% and of @entity650 in 23% of @entity1 . Interestingly, @entity5 expressing @entity650 or @entity10497 formed two different groups. @entity5 with a high expression of @entity10497 displayed low mature myeloid cell infiltration and a longer disease-specific survival (DSS), especially in late stage @entity5 . High expression of @entity10497 was an independent prognostic factor for survival by multivariate analyses (hazard ratio = 0.474, p = 0.011). In contrast, @entity5 with high epithelial @entity650 expression displayed a dense infiltration of mature myeloid cells and were correlated with a shorter DSS. Furthermore, in densely @entity405 (+) T-cell infiltrated @entity5 , the ratio between these lymphoid cells and @entity11772 (+) myeloid cells was predictive for survival. Thus, @entity650 and @entity10497 are opposite markers for myeloid cell infiltration and survival.

title: @entity10497 and its ligand XXXX are opposite markers for survival and infiltration with mature myeloid cells in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'tumor-growth']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: A method was explored to develop a general means to target erythrocytes to T-cells in vitro. @entity19 erythrocytes were coupled with an anti- @entity3512 monoclonal antibody by two methods. Chromic @entity2865 coupling of antibody was preferred to biotinylation. The morphology, @entity2100 , and the hematological values of treated cells were normal compared with those of control erythrocytes. Antibody-coupled erythrocytes were incubated with cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLL) in vitro at a 20:1 ratio. Approximately 60-70% of the @entity19 formed rosettes. The cell mixture was subjected to gradient centrifugation and separated into four fractions. THe rosettes were clearly identified only in the treated group containing anti- @entity3512 -coupled erythrocytes. No rosettes were found when aspecific monoclonal antibody was coupled to erythrocytes. Examination by scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed CTLL with 4-5 erythrocytes attached to them but did not show any evidence of membrane fusion. Rosettes of CTLL incubated in vitro proliferated as well as CTLL alone and maintained their dependency on @entity2047 . Targeting of erythrocyte carriers to lymphocytes offers the potential for delivery of molecules directly to the target cell.

title: In vitro targeting of erythrocytes to cytotoxic T-cells by coupling of XXXX monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['osmotic fragility']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity3512 :: (21838(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Thy-1.2']


abstract: Background. @entity1 with advanced @entity5 in non-complete remission (CR) have a dismal prognosis after HLA-matched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). T-cell-replete HLA-haploidentical HSCT has remarkable anti- @entity1778 / @entity5 effects on these @entity1 , but also a high risk of severe/extensive @entity2132 (GHVD). Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCY) is regarded as a GVHD-specific immunosuppressant in adults, but its feasibility is unknown in @entity1 . Methods. We performed a prospective feasibility study of PTCY at 50  mg/kg on day 3 for @entity1 with advanced @entity1778 or @entity5 : refractory to chemotherapy or relapsed after conventional allogeneic HSCT. Conditioning consisted of @entity3118 (180  mg/m(2)) and melphalan (140-210  mg/m(2)). Results. Long-term engraftments were achieved in 11 @entity1 (73.3%) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT, n = 13) or peripheral blood (PB) stem cell transplantation (n = 2). The incidence of severe acute GHVD was 25.0% and that of extensive chronic GVHD 0.0% after evaluable BMT. CR was achieved in 6/15 and partial response in 4/15 as the best response. Finally, 11/15 experienced disease progression/relapse, 2/15 suffered treatment-related mortality without evidence of disease, and 2/15 are alive in continuous CR. Conclusions. PTCY is feasible in @entity1 ; however, for a better outcome in such @entity1 with advanced @entity5 , some modifications are anticipated.

title: Feasibility of HLA-Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation With Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide for Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant solid tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Malignancies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Context: It is well known that oral @entity10211 treatment causes numerous ocular side-effects. Objective: To investigate the effect of systemic @entity10211 treatment on central corneal thickness (CCT) values due to @entity66 ( @entity66 ). @entity1 : In this prospective study, 47 @entity1 (27 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 ) with @entity5477 treated with oral @entity10211 (0.8   mg/kg daily) were included. Methods: All @entity1 were analyzed with the Pentacam Scheimpflug topography at baseline, on the 3rd and 6th month of treatment. Main outcome measures were @entity66 scores and CCT. Results: The mean age of @entity1 was 25.1        4.4 years. The mean @entity66 scores were significantly higher at 3rd month (1.3        0.9) and 6th month (1.5        1.0) of treatment compared with baseline (1.1        0.9) (p   <   0.001). The mean CCT value at baseline was 540.5        22.1     m; 536.9        20.5     m at 3rd month and 531.4        22.2     m at 6th month. The differences between baseline and 6th month CCT measurements were statistically significant (p   <   0.001). There was negative correlation between mean @entity66 scores and CCT values at the 6th month of treatment which was statistically significant (p   =   0.038, r   =   -0.221). Conclusion: @entity10211 treatment causes higher @entity66 scores. A statistically significant decrease in CCT due to @entity66 was detected at 6th month of treatment.

title: Reduced central corneal thickness in XXXX with @entity10211 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['nodulocystic acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin', 'Isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['MGD', 'meibomian gland disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Biopsy is the only means to identify intestinal graft rejection. Plasma @entity7792 (P-Cit) has been proposed as a marker for rejection after intestinal transplant (IT), but normative data is lacking. We analyzed P-Cit in IT recipients without rejection or other histological abnormalities. In 40 @entity1 , P-Cit was measured with a Beckman @entity535 analyzer within 24 h of protocol or clinically indicated endoscopic biopsy procured > 6 and < 360 days post-IT. Measurements included for analysis corresponded to normal (or minimally abnormal) biopsies that remained so for 7 days. These criteria were met by 145 samples from 10 adults and 14 @entity1 . Overall mean P-Cit (nmol/mL) was 34.0 +/- 19.9. Mean P-Cit was 22.2 +/- 13.2 between 6 and 30 days post-IT, 34.9 +/- 17.2 (p = 0.001) between 30 and 60 days, 43.6 +/- 15.8 between 60 and 90 days (p = 0.001), then stable until the end of the first year. Plasma @entity7792 was lower in 13 @entity1 with body surface area (BSA) < or = 1 m2 vs. 11 @entity1 with BSA > or = 1.1 m2 (p = 0.0001). Plasma @entity7792 increased linearly during the first 120 days in both BSA groups (r = 0.573 and r = 0.512; p = 0.0001). Within 3 months after IT, variations in P-Cit based on body size and postop interval should be considered when evaluating the need for histological confirmation of graft dysfunction.

title: Defining normal plasma XXXX in intestinal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity7792 :: (CHEBI:16349,Chemical) :: ['citrulline']


abstract: In 129 cases, results from ER-ICA ( @entity172 receptor immunocytochemical assay) applied to @entity0 biopsy smears and results from ER-EIA ( @entity172 receptor enzyme immunoassay) applied to cytosols of @entity0 were compared to the results of ER(DCC), PR(DCC) and a cytomorphological grading. Using 500x magnification, the cases were graded visually in 7 groups, groups 1-4 without and groups 5-7 with nucleoli. Cases with high @entity172 receptor values as determined by ER-EIA had the best chance of being detected also by the ER-ICA method. There is a relation between the visual nuclear grade from the Pappenheim stained specimens and ER-ICA and ER-EIA. The 48 cases without nucleoli had a mean ER-EIA-value of 100 fmol/mg (median = 59 fmol/mg). The 57 cases with nucleoli (groups 5-7) had a mean ER-EIA value of 37 fmol/mg (median = 14 fmol/mg). For 28 cases with prominent or multiple prominent nucleoli (groups 6-7) the mean ER-EIA value was only 15 fmol/mg (median = 5 fmol/mg). With increasing ER-EIA values we found decreasing average nuclear grades: 31 cases ER-EIA less than 10 fmol/mg, mean nuclear grade = 5.4; 34 cases ER-EIA greater than or equal to 10 less than 50 fmol/mg, mean nuclear grade = 4.6; 20 cases ER-EIA greater than or equal to 50 less than 100 fmol/mg, mean nuclear grade = 4.2; 19 cases ER-EIA greater than or equal to 100 fmol/mg, mean nuclear grade = 3.8. Our present data show clearly that there is a closer correlation of cytomorphology with ER-EIA than with ER(DCC) and PR(DCC). In the present study even ER-EIA alone correlated better with morphology than ER(DCC) and PR(DCC) taken together.

title: [Hormone receptor determination in XXXX using the dextran- coated charcoal method and monoclonal antibodies: correlation with cytomorphologic grading].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen', 'estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity151 ( @entity151 ) is characterized by rapid progression and relapse, despite high initial response rates to chemotherapy. The primary objective of this trial was to demonstrate the non-inferiority of @entity12418 and @entity900 (AP) combination therapy compared with the standard first-line regimen of @entity2879 and @entity900 (EP) for previously untreated @entity151 in a Chinese population. When non-inferiority was verified, the objective was switched from non-inferiority to superiority. METHODS: From June 2008 to July 2010, 300 @entity1 were enrolled and randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to AP and EP groups. AP-treated @entity1 received @entity900 (60  mg/m(2), day 1) and @entity12418 (40  mg/m(2), days 1-3) once every 21  days. EP-treated @entity1 received @entity900 (80  mg/m(2), day 1) and @entity2879 (100  mg/m(2), days 1-3) once every 21  days. Treatment was continued for four to six cycles, except in cases of progressive disease or @entity137 , and @entity1 refusal. RESULTS: Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for AP vs. EP treatment was 11.8 vs. 10.3  months (p   =   0.08), respectively, demonstrating non-inferiority of AP to EP (AP group: 95  % confidence interval for hazard ratio 0.63-1.03  months). Median progression-free survival and overall response rates for AP vs. EP groups were 6.8 vs. 5.7  months (p   =   0.35) and 69.8  % vs. 57.3  %, respectively. Drug-related adverse events in both groups were similar, with @entity1398 being the most frequent (AP 54.4  %; EP 44.0  %). @entity1431 , @entity221 , and @entity1295 were more prevalent in the AP group, but all were clinically reversible and manageable. CONCLUSIONS: AP therapy demonstrated non-inferiority to EP therapy, prolonging @entity1349 for 1.5  months, but this difference was not statistically significant; thus we propose AP as a promising treatment option for @entity151 in China. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered on 10 April 2008 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00660504 ).

title: Randomized phase III trial of @entity12418 / @entity900 versus @entity2879 / @entity900 as first-line treatment for extensive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12418 :: ('MESH:C055866', 'Chemical') :: ['amrubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['Extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer', 'ED-SCLC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex facialis/labialis (HSFL) is a common @entity24412 , caused mainly by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, for which the topical application of a cream containing an antiviral agent for treatment of the disease has been widely utilized. OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of the topical application of 1% @entity19511 cream in the treatment of HSFL, and to compare its efficacy and safety with 3% @entity1033 cream. METHODS: A total of 248 @entity1 with a diagnosis of HSFL were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups (n = 124 each), using stratified randomization based on a table of random numbers. Before treatment (day 0) and at every visit (days 3, 5 and 7) during the study, the sign and symptom scores were recorded by the same doctor. RESULTS: Excluding 23 @entity1 (10 in the @entity19511 and 13 in the @entity1033 groups), 225 completed the study, and no severe adverse events were noted with any of the treatment regimens. Results show that an encouraging improvement in the clinical course was found simultaneously for @entity1 with each episode type and each treatment assignment. There were no significant differences in terms of efficacy endpoint, clinical cure rate, and safety between the two treatment arms, but there was a trend towards a shorter time to resolution of all symptoms, cessation of new blisters, and loss of crust (p <or= 0.08) in @entity19511 -treated primary @entity1 . In addition, the clinical scores in @entity19511 -treated primary @entity1 were significantly lower than those in the respective @entity1033 -treated @entity1 on treatment day 5 (p < 0.01) and day 7 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Topical 1% @entity19511 cream is as convenient and as effective as 3% @entity1033 cream for the treatment of HSFL. @entity19511 cream may provide a good topical alternative to other types of therapy in the future.

title: Topical application of @entity19511 cream for the treatment of herpes simplex facialis/labialis: a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, XXXX -controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['aciclovir']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity24412 :: ('MESH:D012874', 'Disease') :: ['infectious skin disorder']

entities_list: @entity19511 :: ('MESH:C053539', 'Chemical') :: ['penciclovir', 'Penciclovir']

answer: @entity1033 :: (MESH:D000212,Chemical) :: ['aciclovir']


abstract: A bio-assay guided fractionation and purification approach was used to examine in vitro antifilarial activities of the crude methanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis as well as fractions and isolated compound. From @entity1046 fraction we isolated and identified a @entity14521 compound which has been characterized as @entity21243 (UA) by HPLC and NMR data. We are reporting for the first time isolation and identification of UA from the leaves of N. arbortristis. The crude extract and UA showed significant micro- as well as macrofilaricidal activities against the oocyte, microfilaria and adult of Setaria cervi (S. cervi) by dye exclusion test and @entity98 reduction assay. Significant microfilaricidal activity of UA was further proved against mf of @entity10065 by viability assay. The findings thus provide a new lead for development of a suitable filaricide from natural products. The molecular mechanism of UA was investigated by performing TUNEL, Hoechst staining, Annexin V-Cy3, flow cytometric analysis and DNA fragmentation assay. Differential expressions of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes were observed at the transcription and translational levels in a dose-dependent manner. Depletion in the worm @entity2197 level and elevation in the parasite GST, SOD and @entity224 anion indicated the generation of ROS. In this investigation we are reporting for the first time that UA acts its antifilarial effect through induction of apoptosis and by downregulating and altering the level of some key antioxidants like @entity2197 , GST and SOD of S. cervi.

title: Antifilarial effect of XXXX from Nyctanthes arbortristis: molecular and biochemical evidences.

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl-acetate']

entities_list: @entity14521 :: ('CHEBI:36615', 'Chemical') :: ['triterpenoid']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['super oxide']

entities_list: @entity21243 :: ('MESH:C005466', 'Chemical') :: ['ursolic acid']

answer: @entity21243 :: (MESH:C005466,Chemical) :: ['ursolic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) in the @entity1 placenta of normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies and to determine by computer image analysis, whether differences in @entity1465 immunoreactivity occurred in preeclamptic as apposed to normotensive pregnancies. We discuss how far elevated maternal serum levels of @entity1465 normally observed in preeclamptic @entity1 reflect an increased secretory activity of the syncytiotrophoblast. METHODS: We used the immunoperoxidase technique to locate @entity1465 . Quantification of immunostaining intensity was done by computer image analysis. RESULTS: In normotensive placentas from all the gestational ages @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin immunoreactivity was specifically detected in the syncytiotrophoblast. There is an apparent decrease in the intensity of the @entity1465 immunostaining in the syncytiotrophoblast from the 29th to 36th week of gestation in normotensive placentas. No @entity1465 immunostaining was observed in the villous or extravillous cytotrophoblast of all placentas. In preeclamptic placentas the expression of @entity1465 was homogeneous with a moderate to intense immunoreactivity in the syncytiotrophoblast. Microdensitometric analysis of the section from normotensive and preeclamptic placentas indicated that there is a statistically significant preeclampsia-induced increase in immunohistochemical reaction intensity for @entity1465 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study seems to demonstrate that increased production of @entity1465 by preeclamptic placentas is associated with strong @entity1465 immunostaining of the syncytiotrophoblast.

title: XXXX chorionic gonadotropin in @entity1 placentas from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity920 (Cu) and pyrethroid are common contaminants found in the aquatic environment, and their potential toxicological effects on aquatic organisms have received extensive attention. However, the impact on crayfish species of exposure to the two chemicals are still largely unknown. The current study assessed the sublethal @entity137 induced by Cu and commercial formulation of @entity58322 in the freshwater crayfish @entity11110 . The static test method of acute @entity137 test was used. Five biomarkers of oxidative effects, i.e. reactive @entity26 species (ROS), @entity224 dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and protein carbonyls, and pathologic changes were determined. The results demonstrated that there was a significant increase in the contents of ROS, @entity1865 and protein carbonyls accompanied by markedly decreased SOD and CAT activities in a concentration-dependent manner. The linear relationship between protein carbonyls induction and @entity1865 formation was observed evidently in crayfish gills at 96h. Higher contents of ROS enhanced the risk of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, thus impacting vital physiological functions of gills. The results indicated that protein oxidation may be one of the main mechanisms of pollution-induced @entity137 to crayfish gills. Protein @entity6738 levels could be considered as a potential biomarker of exposure to environmental contaminants.

title: Oxidative damage induced by XXXX and @entity58322 in gill of the freshwater crayfish @entity11110 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity58322 :: ('CHEBI:39332', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-cypermethrin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity11110 :: ('6728', 'Species') :: ['Procambarus clarkii']

answer: @entity920 :: (MESH:D003300,Chemical) :: ['copper']


abstract: Hexokinase II is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and possesses anti-apoptotic properties in @entity5 cells. The present study aimed to analyze the expression of hexokinase II and its clinical correlation with clinical factors in @entity1 with @entity157 who treated surgically in China. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to determine hexokinase II mRNA expression in @entity5 tissues. Protein expression of hexokinase II was evaluated immunohistochemically. Correlation of hexokinase II expression with clinical data was analyzed by the   (2) or Fisher exact test. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, compared by log-rank test and Cox regression model. A total of 97 specimens were analyzed. Fifty-four @entity5 showed strong expression of hexokinase II (55.67% expression rate). There were no statistical associations between hexokinase II expression and age, gender, @entity5 size, @entity2802 stage, serum @entity160 level, and @entity1956 . Kaplan-Meier curves showed an association between positive Hexokinase II expression and worse overall survival (P value = 0.043). Furthermore, @entity1 expressing hexokinase II had a relatively higher risk for poor prognosis (hazard ratio = 2.049). These results suggest that hexokinase II is highly expressed in @entity157 and has prognostic significance. Hexokinase II represents a potential new therapeutic target in this malignancy.

title: Reduced survival of XXXX with @entity157 expressing hexokinase II.

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis virus infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the histopathological changes in the liver and other organs after impact injury. METHODS: The @entity95 were impacted with a BIM-IV biological impacting machine at the xiphoid process. The severity of @entity99 was graded and scored through gross anatomy. At the same time, the pathological changes in the liver, heart, and lung were observed by light and electron microscopes. RESULTS: Light microscopy showed that the pathological changes in the liver were: 1) loss of normal structure, @entity548 and distortion of hepatic lobules; 2) @entity4 , degeneration, vacuolation and @entity39 of liver cells; 3) infiltration of neutrophils. The lungs were injured and there were liver cell emboli in the small pulmonary arteries. Electron microscopy showed that the ultrastructure of the liver cells was severely damaged and the cells had significant features of @entity39 . CONCLUSIONS: The major pathomorphological changes in the liver after impact injury are @entity548 and @entity39 . They may be complicated by exfoliation of liver cells to hepatic sinusoids. These cells circulate with the blood to form @entity1151 .

title: Pathomorphological changes after liver impact injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cloudy swelling']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['emboli in the pulmonary blood vessels']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']