abstract: @entity10891 is the only therapy proven in clinical trials to prolong survival in @entity1 with @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ). Prior to its listing by the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Scheme in June 2003, the aim of the present study was to provide Australian @entity1 with @entity4681 early access to @entity10891 and to expand the safety profile data of this therapy. @entity1 with @entity4681 were referred to the programme by neurologists covering the Sydney metropolitan region. To be eligible to receive @entity10891 , @entity1 had to be aged between 18 and 75 years and have probable or definite @entity4681 based on El Escorial criteria, with a disease duration of less than 5 years and a vital capacity greater than 60% before study entry. @entity1 were prescribed @entity10891 50 mg twice daily. Safety data were collected through documentation of adverse events by clinical history in combination with regular laboratory screening. Full blood count, haematocrit, differential white cell counts and serum liver transaminase levels were obtained monthly for 3 months, and then at each 3-monthly visit for 1 year. In total, 25 @entity1 with @entity4681 (17 male, 8 female; age range 40-74 years; mean age 59 years) were commenced on @entity10891 . Of these, 28% had definite @entity4681 and the remaining 72% were diagnosed as probable @entity4681 , with the majority (84%) having limb-onset @entity4681 . At 12 months, 68% of @entity1 continued on @entity10891 , 16% had died from their disease and 16% ceased @entity10891 because of side-effects or other reasons, largely disenchantment owing to a perceived lack of efficacy. Haematological and biochemical assays showed no significant alteration during the initial 12-month period. Long-term survival data for @entity1 in the present series suggest a greater benefit for @entity1 who commenced @entity10891 early in the course of their illness. In conclusion, @entity10891 was generally tolerated well by Australian @entity1 with @entity4681 . Of the few @entity1 who experienced side-effects attributed to @entity10891 , all were reversible. Issues related to @entity1 perceptions of efficacy highlight the need for @entity1 and treating physicians to maintain realistic expectations of @entity10891 therapy.

title: @entity10891 therapy for XXXX : an early Australian experience (1996-2002).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10891 :: ('MESH:D019782', 'Chemical') :: ['Riluzole', 'riluzole']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['MND', 'motor neurone disease']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['motor neurone disease']


abstract: Chronic @entity392 is experienced by 10%-15% of the population, of which only about 20% require clinical intervention. @entity1 requiring intervention have different levels of need, ranging from the provision of basic information to long-term, individualized treatment. We address this clinical need by outlining a five-level "progressive intervention" approach to the management of @entity392 that would provide a systematic framework for treatment by audiologists. At each level, @entity1 must be appropriately referred-usually to otolaryngology, psychology, and/or psychiatry. Level 1 is an interview method of screening for determining if the @entity1 requires clinical intervention (and addressing basic questions). Level 2 is the provision of structured group educational counseling. If the screening determines that care is urgently required or if further help is needed following the group session(s), a @entity392 intake assessment (Level 3) should be performed. The intake assessment, which includes educational counseling, can often meet a @entity1 's needs. If not, then a program of continuing treatment (Level 4) would be indicated. If significant benefit were not achieved through consistent treatment over 1-2 years, longer-term treatment (Level 5) would be indicated, which could include alternate or multiple treatment modalities. At all levels, the goal is to minimize the impact of @entity392 on the @entity1 's life as efficiently as possible.

title: Clinical management of XXXX using a "progressive intervention" approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person', 'People']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus']


abstract: More than 50% of severely injured @entity1 have @entity764 . Second insults frequently result in @entity647 ( @entity647 ), with @entity295 being the main underlying condition. We aimed to develop a standardized, reproducible, and clinically relevant double-hit @entity19 model of @entity647 induced by @entity764 and polymicrobial @entity295 and to investigate the pathophysiologic role of activated neutrophils. Lung contusion was applied to C57Bl/6 @entity19 via a focused blast wave. Twenty-four hours later, @entity295 was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. For polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) depletion, animals received intravenous injections of PMN-depleting antibody. In response to blunt @entity764 followed by @entity295 as well as after @entity295 alone, a significant local and systemic inflammatory response with increased cytokine/chemokine levels in lung and plasma was observed. In contrast, lung apoptosis was markedly elevated only after a double hit. Intra-alveolar neutrophils and total bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentrations were markedly increased following isolated @entity764 or the combined insult, but not after @entity295 alone. Lung @entity10873 activity was enhanced only in response to the double hit accompanied by histological disruption of the @entity133 , @entity358 , and marked cellular infiltrates. Neutrophil depletion significantly diminished lung @entity635 and @entity777 concentrations and reduced the degree of septic @entity647 . Here we have established a novel and highly reproducible @entity19 model of @entity647 characterizing a clinical relevant double-hit scenario. In particular, the depletion of neutrophils substantially mitigated the extent of @entity651 , indicating a pathomechanistic role for neutrophils in @entity647 .

title: Role of activated neutrophils in @entity764 -induced septic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar architecture']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung congestion']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma-induced septic ALI', 'acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study was conducted to review the outcomes of @entity1 who had undergone surgical repair of a @entity1901 following renal transplantation. All @entity1 who developed a @entity1901 and underwent ureteric reconstruction following renal transplantation, between December 2003 and November 2013, were reviewed. One thousand five hundred and sixty renal transplants were performed during the study period. Forty @entity1 required surgical repair of a @entity1901 (2.5%, 25 male, median age 48 [14-78]). The median time to stricture was 3 [1-149] months. 19 @entity1 were reconstructed by reimplantation to the bladder, 18 utilized a Boari flap, two were a pre-existing ileal conduit and one was an @entity254 to a native ureter. In one @entity1 , reconstruction was impossible and consequently an extra-anatomic stent was used. Two @entity1 required re-operation for restricture and kinking. Median serum @entity1011 at 12  months following surgery was 148 [84-508]   mol/l. There was no 90-day mortality. Eleven grafts were lost at the time of this study, a median time of 11 [1-103] months after reconstruction. The incidence of @entity1901 following renal transplant is low. Surgical reconstruction of the transplant ureter is the optimal treatment and is successful in the majority of @entity1 .

title: Ureteric reconstruction for the management of transplant XXXX : a decade of experience from a single centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric stricture']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1901 :: (MESH:D014515,Disease) :: ['ureteric stricture']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the optimal dose of continuous epidural @entity1342 for effective analgesia with minimal side effects after axillary muscle-sparing thoracotomy. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 undergoing thoracic surgery via the axillary approach were studied. @entity1 were given continuous epidural @entity1342 at 6 (group R-6), 9 (group R-9), 12 (group R-12) or 18 mg x h(-1) (group R-18) in a randomized double-blinded fashion after surgery. All of the @entity1 received nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) every 6 h for 24 h postoperatively. @entity158 intensity was assessed under three conditions (at rest, on moving, and while coughing), at 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h after surgery, and the extent of sensory block was evaluated at the same time points. The ability of a @entity1 to walk unaided was assessed at 24 and 48 h after surgery. RESULTS: @entity158 intensity at rest and coughing was significantly higher in group R-6 than in the other groups at 16 h after surgery. @entity158 intensity during moving was significantly greater in group R-6 than in groups R-12 and R-18 at 16 h after surgery. Group R-18 exhibited a significantly greater extent of sensory block than the other groups. The number of @entity1 who were not able to walk unaided 24 h after surgery was significantly greater in group R-18. There were no significant differences in the incidences of side effects among the groups. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that epidural analgesia using @entity1342 , at 12 mg x h(-1), provided the best analgesia with few side effects.

title: Epidural XXXX infusion for the treatment of @entity158 following axillary muscle-sparing thoracotomy: a dose-evaluation study.

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1695 ( @entity1695 ) is a common late manifestation of metastatic @entity150 . We investigated the effectiveness of percutaneous nephrostomy (PN) in our @entity1 with @entity1695 associated with @entity150 as judged by the serum @entity1011 concentration in the presence of unilateral or bilateral obstruction and in relation to the treatment results. @entity1 AND METHODS: The records of 23 consecutive @entity1 with a mean age of 55 years (21 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ) who underwent PN were retrospectively reviewed. Eleven had unilateral obstruction. We assessed normalization of @entity1011 concentration, survival, and quality of life after PN in @entity1 with either unilateral or bilateral obstruction. RESULTS: The mean serum @entity1011 concentration before PN was 6 mg/dL (range 2.1-24.6 mg/dL). Percutaneous nephrostomy provided improvement to normal renal function in 19 @entity1 (83%). The mean survival of @entity1 after PN was 4.9 months (range 1-14 months). No independent factor playing a significant prognostic role was determined. The overall complication rate was 30% (7/23), namely kinking or dislodgment of @entity5274 . After PN, all @entity1 were able to undergo treatment for @entity150 . CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous nephrostomy, with a low morbidity rate, is a safe urinary diversion technique in @entity150 -induced @entity1695 . It relieves at least the devastating effects of @entity5507 and allows appropriate treatment for the @entity5 .

title: Percutaneous nephrostomy in the management of malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant ureteral obstruction', 'MUO']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['nephrostomy tubes']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['ureteral obstruction secondary to bladder cancer']


abstract: Cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy is a major concern in clinical oncology, resulting in increased @entity5 growth and decreased @entity1 survival. Manipulation of apoptosis has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy to eliminate @entity5 cells. The focus of this study resides within a novel approach to target survivin, an integrator of both cell @entity204 and mitosis. This protein plays a pivotal role in the resistance of @entity5 to chemotherapy, especially to @entity1311 . The data herein demonstrate an indirect repression of survivin in both B- and @entity784 and @entity1 @entity1893 by the non-toxic @entity52936 compound, AS101 [ @entity57264 ], via inhibition of @entity5 autocrine @entity688 / @entity4104 /Survivin signaling. As a result of survivin abrogation, sensitization of @entity706 to @entity1311 or to @entity37415 , the new albumin-stabilized nanoparticle formulation of @entity1311 , occurs both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, inhibition of @entity706 cell @entity688 secretion is mediated by inactivation of the VLA-4 integrin, recently shown to be an important target of AS101. This activity is followed by inhibition of the PI3K/ @entity584 axis which mediates @entity688 suppression. Since a wide variety of @entity706 and other @entity5 types express VLA-4 and secrete @entity688 in an autocrine manner, inhibition of survivin with a small non-toxic agent has vast clinical significance in modulating chemosensitivity in many @entity5 types. Implications: Combination therapy with AS101 and @entity1311 has novel therapeutic potential targeting deregulated active pathways in @entity706 , overcoming endogenous resistance to apoptosis.

title: Sensitizing B and @entity784 cells to @entity1311 / @entity37415 -induced XXXX by AS101 via inhibition of the VLA-4/ @entity688 /survivin axis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity57264 :: ('MESH:C054105', 'Chemical') :: ["ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-o,o')tellurate"]

entities_list: @entity52936 :: ('MESH:D013691', 'Chemical') :: ['tellurium']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity378 has re-emerged as a serious public health problem in recent years. The ocular manifestations of @entity378 are uncommon and diverse. Occasionally, @entity1 initially present with ocular symptoms that simulate intraocular @entity5 or other inflammatory conditions. We present five @entity1 with @entity24181 who were referred with the suspicion of @entity5 . Four of the five @entity1 had recently emigrated to the United States. The presenting features of these @entity1 were @entity11472 (one @entity1 ), @entity3225 leading to scleral perforation (one @entity1 ), active @entity3193 associated with @entity1596 (two @entity1 ), and amelanotic @entity66 without inflammatory signs (one @entity1 ). Of these five cases, two had a known history of systemic @entity378 , while the ocular findings in the other three cases were the presenting manifestation of systemic @entity378 . Multi-drug antituberculous regimen were employed in all cases for a mean of 9 months (median 6 months, range 6-12 months). Three @entity1 responded well to therapy with salvage of the globe and the two remaining @entity1 underwent primary enucleation for @entity3856 . In conclusion, @entity24181 can have variable clinical manifestations and occasionally appears as an intraocular or epibulbar @entity5 . A high degree of clinical suspicion is important, especially in immigrants from developing countries.

title: XXXX masquerading as @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ocular malignancy', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['blind painful eye or perforated eye']

entities_list: @entity24181 :: ('MESH:D014392', 'Disease') :: ['ocular tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal granuloma']

entities_list: @entity11472 :: ('MESH:D010202', 'Disease') :: ['panophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity24181 :: (MESH:D014392,Disease) :: ['Ocular tuberculosis']


abstract: Swanson @entity1346 implant is the "gold standard" of metacarpophalangeal joint reconstruction in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . However, durability problems of @entity1346 implants have led us to develop a new technique based on bioreconstructive implants. PLA96 (poly-L,D-lactide copolymer, L:D ratio of 96:4) scaffolds were engineered. Bioabsorption and substitution of porous PLA96 scaffold with living tissue eventually produce a neojoint. In the current prospective study, 23 @entity309 @entity1 (80 joints) were operated on, using PLA96 implants. Fifteen @entity1 (54 joints) have been monitored for at least 1 year. @entity158 alleviation was well achieved. Range of motion improvement was emphasized to extension direction of functional arc. The average ulnar deviation was preoperatively 26 degrees, and at follow-up it was 6 degrees. Volar subluxation was noticeable in 56% of joints preoperatively and in 6% at 1-year follow-up. This is the first report of the formation of a living, functional joint in situ by means of a synthetic bioreconstructive joint scaffold. Results of this preliminary short-term study are comparable with previously published data on @entity1346 arthroplasty. However, bioreconstructive prostheses can aid in preventing problems that occur with biostable prostheses. Tissue engineering has created a new era in the reconstruction of damaged joints.

title: Bioreconstructive joint scaffold implant arthroplasty in metacarpophalangeal joints: short-term results of a new treatment concept in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the prognostic factors for the management of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the maxillary sinus, who received preoperative chemotherapy and @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). We also elucidated the appropriate sequence of chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 124 @entity1 (median age 62 years) with @entity957 of the maxillary sinus were analysed retrospectively. T3 or T4 disease was found in 93% of the @entity1 . Thirty-nine @entity1 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NA), 38 @entity1 received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and 47 @entity1 received NA followed by CRT. The median dose of @entity1161 was 60 Gy. Maxillectomy was undertaken in 98 @entity1 . RESULTS: The 5 year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity2631 ( @entity2631 ) were 56.6 and 73.7%, respectively. On univariate analysis, surgery (P < 0.0001) and T classification (P < 0.04) were significant prognostic factors for @entity1349 and @entity2631 . Histological grade and nodal status were also related to @entity1349 . However, any chemotherapy sequence was not associated with the treatment outcome. On multivariate analysis, surgery (P < 0.0005) and T classification (P < 0.05) were identified as significant prognostic factors for @entity2631 and @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that both surgery and T stage are important prognostic factors for @entity2631 and @entity1349 in the management of @entity957 of the maxillary sinus. The appropriate sequence of chemotherapy remains to be elucidated in the future study.

title: Preoperative chemotherapy and XXXX for @entity957 sinus.

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['local control probability', 'LCP']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OAS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: Intravitreal injections are the standard technique applied in the treatment of some @entity989 . In this paper the technique and complications of intravitreal injections are presented. In summary, the procedure involves various consecutive steps. Initially, days before the treatment topical antibiotics and @entity3791 may be prescribed for reduction of the ocular flora and intraocular pressure. Before the injection, the pupil should be dilated and topical anesthesia should be achieved. Injection shall be performed in the operating room under sterile conditions, the surgeon should wear surgical gloves and mask. The eye is then exposed with sterile blepharostat and sterile-drape thereby providing protection of the needle against the contact with contaminated lashes and lids. Injection is done 3.5 mm from the limbus through the pars plana. The needle should be inserted up to 6 mm into the vitreous cavity. Immediately after injection the @entity1 must be examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy to verify central artery perfusion and complications as @entity548 . Visual acuity better than light perception should be detected right after injection. If persistent central @entity732 is diagnosed, anterior chamber paracentesis should be performed. The @entity1 may be discharged with an occlusive patch. Examination at the first postoperative day should exclude various complications such as @entity3225 , and topical @entity134 and antibiotics should be prescribed for 7 days. Some complications encountered after intravitreal injections include @entity1713 , @entity548 , @entity231 , @entity1596 , @entity2790 , or @entity3225 .

title: [Technique of intravitreal drug injection for therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['retinal artery occlusion']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['vitreoretinal diseases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10523 ( @entity10523 ) is well-defined procedure for surgical sperm @entity3885 . This study was focused on the effectiveness of testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for azoospermic @entity1 with different female age subgroups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 107 @entity1 with @entity3893 underwent @entity10523 and ICSI treatment. The @entity1 were examined in three groups 20-29, 30-34 and 35 years or older. The main outcome in this study was fertilization and pregnancy rates with @entity10523 and ICSI. RESULTS: Spermatozoa were successfully retrieved during 97 of 107 (90.7%) @entity10523 attempts, resulting in the fertilization of 286 of 563 (50.4%) injected metaphase II oocytes. Two hundred and fifty-five of them were transferred (89.8%). The clinical pregnancy rate and ongoing pregnancy rate per embryo transfer were 22.5% and 20.6% respectively. When comparing the fertilization and pregnancy rates, it was observed that @entity1 between the ages of 20-29 years had significantly higher pregnancy rates than @entity1 over 34 years of age (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The female age is a major factor in determining successful implantation in ICSI.

title: The effects of female age on the outcome of testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in infertile XXXX with @entity3893 .

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular sperm extraction', 'TESE']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['retrieval in obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The absorption of water and electrolytes from the proximal jejunal lumen increases immediately after a meal. This meal-induced jejunal absorption occurs in jejunal segments out of normal gastrointestinal continuity. This study was designed to characterize the jejunal absorptive response to a series of isovolumetric gavage-delivered stimuli. Twenty-five-centimeter @entity235 proximal jejunal Thiry-Vella @entity292 were constructed, and jejunal absorption studies (n = 66) were performed by luminal perfusion of the jejunal segments with an isotonic buffer containing @entity3209 -labeled @entity968 . Each study consisted of a 1-hour basal period, followed by a 3-hour experimental period. Nine groups were studied, each receiving one of the following isovolumetric stimuli delivered via the gavage route: water, 0.9% saline, mixed meal, protein, lipid, @entity1735 , and @entity2656 (150 mmol/L, 300 mmol/L, and 600 mmol/L). The water and 0.9% saline gavage groups showed no significant changes in integrated postprandial water and electrolyte absorption above basal. The isocaloric mixed meal, protein, lipid, @entity1735 , and @entity2656 groups all had significantly increased integrated postprandial jejunal water and electrolyte absorption above basal (P less than 0.05). These results indicate that a proabsorptive signal for meal-induced jejunal absorption originates from or distal to the stomach. Meal-induced jejunal absorption occurs in response to nutrients of diverse composition and is also responsive to nonnutritive solutes such as @entity2656 . These findings support a new role for gastric or intestinal chemo- or osmo-receptors in stimulating the neurohumoral mechanisms that mediate meal-induced jejunal absorption.

title: Influence of meal composition on XXXX jejunal water and electrolyte absorption.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Intraperitoneal (I.P.) administration of chemotherapeutic agents, in particular, @entity900 and @entity1732 is successfully used in the treatment of @entity2670 . Their use however, is limited by the rapid development of adhesions. The vinca alkaloid group of chemotherapeutic agents has been shown to impair the acute inflammatory reaction, which plays an important role in adhesion formation, thereby providing the rationale for addition of @entity7324 to an I.P. regimen containing @entity900 and @entity1732 . A @entity35 model was used to study the effects of various I.P. chemotherapeutic regimens on adhesion formation. Four groups were studied (30 @entity35 /Group). Regimens used included Group A (Saline), Group B ( @entity7324 0.1 mg/kg), Group C ( @entity900 5 mg/kg and @entity1732 0.2 mg/kg), and Group D ( @entity900 5 mg/kg, @entity1732 0.2 mg/kg and @entity7324 0.1 mg/kg). In order to grade adhesion formation, animals were sacrificed on days 2, 14 and 28, with the severity of adhesions graded on a scale of I-IV in order of increasing severity. Adhesion formation in Group A (Saline) and Group B ( @entity7324 ) was similar. The addition of @entity7324 to Group C ( @entity900 and @entity1732 ) resulted in a significant reduction in adhesion formation (p less than 0.01). The results of this experimental study suggest that the local @entity137 of I.P. chemotherapy may be reduced by the inclusion of a vinca alkaloid.

title: Reduction of the local XXXX of intraperitoneal chemotherapy; an experimental model.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['Vindesine', 'vindesine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and gastrointestinal malignancies']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Our study was designed to examine the effects of @entity2047 gene therapy in a surgical minimal @entity5 (SMRTD). @entity19 were inoculated s.c. with @entity5954 (MC)-induced MC12 @entity242 cells. When the @entity5 reached 8 to 12 mm in diameter, they were excised, either completely ("microscopic SMRTD") or incompletely ("macroscopic SMRTD"). On day 90 after surgery, the @entity5 recurrence rate in untreated @entity19 with microscopic SMRTD was approximately 30%, whereas in those with macroscopic SMRTD it was 75%. After surgery, experimental @entity19 were treated with 2 types of irradiated, @entity2047 gene-modified, @entity2047 -producing @entity5 cell vaccine. One type of vaccine was derived from the MC12 @entity242 cells (MC12-1L2/IV-3); the other type was derived from an unrelated X63-Ag8.653 plasmacytoma (X63-m- @entity2047 ). Both types of vaccine failed to cure the macroscopic SMRTD. Whereas the X63-m- @entity2047 vaccine was also ineffective in the microscopic SMRTD, the MC12- @entity2047 /IV-3 vaccine was capable of preventing growth in all but one @entity19 (1164) with microscopic SMRTD when administered 2 to 5 days after surgery. If the vaccination took place 2 days before surgery or later than 5 days after surgery, the therapeutic activity was lost. Vaccination with irradiated parental MC12 cells did not produce any significant benefit compared to the operated-only @entity19 . The protective effect of the MC12-L2/IV-3 vaccine was specific and comparatively long-lasting. Vaccinated @entity19 , which had rejected the MC12 @entity5 residuum, were capable of rejecting a second inoculum of the MC12 @entity242 cells injected on days 35 to 110 after surgery but succumbed to the growth of 2 other unrelated @entity19 @entity242 carrying different @entity5 -rejection antigens.

title: @entity2047 gene therapy of surgical minimal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour disease', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'Mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcholanthrene']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['residual tumour disease']


abstract: PURPOSE:: Proctocolectomy has been a curative option for @entity1 with severe @entity31 . In recent years, there has been a growing use of medical salvage therapy in the management of @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity31 . We aimed at reviewing the role of surgical management in a time of intensified medical management on the basis of published trial data. The aim was to determine the efficacy of aggressive medical versus surgical management in achieving multifaceted treatment goals. METHODS:: A comprehensive search of Pubmed, Medline, the Cochrane database was performed. Abstracts were evaluated for relevance. Selected articles were then reviewed in detail, including references. Recommendations were then drafted based on evidence and conclusions in the selected articles. RESULTS:: The majority of @entity1 with UC will not need surgery. However, @entity134 -refractoriness and @entity134 -dependence signal a subset of @entity1 with more challenging disease. Biological therapy has been shown to achieve short-term improvement and temporarily reduce the need for a colectomy. However, there is a substantial financial and medical price to pay because a high fraction of these salvaged @entity1 will still need a curative colectomy but may be exposed to the negative impact of prolonged immunosuppression, @entity102 , and a higher probability to require 3 rather than 2 operations. Proctocolectomy with ileo-anal pouch anastomosis-performed in 1, 2, or 3 steps depending on the @entity1 's condition-remains the surgical procedure of choice. Even though it has its share of possible complications, it has been associated with excellent long-term outcomes and high levels of satisfaction, such that in the majority of @entity1 they become indistinguishable from unaffected normal individuals. CONCLUSIONS:: The current data demonstrate that use of medical salvage therapy in the treatment of UC will likely continue to grow and evolve. Consensus is being developed to better define and predict failure of medical therapy and clarify the role of the different treatment modalities. For many @entity1 , sacrificing the nonresponsive diseased colon is an underused or unnecessarily delayed chance to normalize their health and life. Biologicals in many instances may have to be considered the bridge to that end.

title: Surgical Management of XXXX in the Era of Biologicals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative Colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In countries where the resistance of @entity2803 to @entity4540 has been studied, strains resistant to therapeutic doses of this drug have been isolated. When a change in treatment has been impossible the @entity1 has shown bad clinical evolution. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of these strains in our medium, observe whether the resistances appear in @entity1 previously treated with @entity4540 and determine its implication in the evolution of @entity2803 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-three stains of @entity2803 , isolated during the period 1990-1998, corresponding to the following 94 @entity1 were studied: 17 breast feeding @entity1 of healthy parents who were negative controls (sensitive strains), 43 organ transplant recipients, 29 @entity791 @entity1 , 2 with other @entity465 and 3 @entity1 with intrauterine @entity281 . Seventeen @entity1 were studied due to the insidious course of the @entity281 despite treatment. The remaining were random. The technique used was that of growth inhibition of the strains seeded on different gradients of @entity4540 : 0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 microM. The inoculate consisted in a cellular suspension evaluated according to the degree of viral growth. The strains presenting an inhibitory doses 50% (ID 50%) greater than 10 microM were considered as resistant. RESULTS: Eighty-two strains presented an ID 50% lower than 5 microM, 24 from 5 to 10 microM and in the 17 remaining strains, corresponding to 12 @entity1 , the ID 50% was greater than 10 microM. The evolution of these latter 12 @entity1 with strains considered to be resistant to @entity4540 was of death in 8. All were immunodepressed and with a history of having previously received @entity4540 . Another currently has a chronic evolution and the three remaining @entity1 , who presented better immunity, became cured. All @entity1 has a chronic evolution and the three remaining @entity1 , who presented better immunity, became cured. All @entity1 had undergone previous treatment with @entity4540 except two: one @entity1 with @entity2883 treated with @entity1033 15 days before, and the other was an @entity1 of an @entity645 positive mother who had received the drug. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity2803 strains resistant to @entity4540 was confirmed in our @entity1 . The previous use of @entity4540 and, in one case of @entity1033 , appears to be implicated in the appearance of resistance. The evolution of the immunodepressed @entity1 with @entity281 by resistant strains was mortal except when their immunity was improved.

title: [Strains of @entity4540 -resistant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus', 'cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiencies']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['Wegener disease']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity2803 :: (MESH:D003586,Disease) :: ['cytomegalovirus']


abstract: Protein misfolding has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative 'amyloidoses' that includes @entity191 , @entity2033 , @entity4943 and @entity746 . Accumulation of misfolded proteins into ordered fibrillar intra- or extracellular amyloids results in @entity75 that in turn lead to @entity528 . The appearance of protein aggregates in the diseased brain hints at an inability of cellular chaperones to properly assist folding of client proteins. Not surprisingly, studies involving cell-based and animal models of the @entity179 have shown that overexpression of molecular chaperones can provide neuroprotection. Together with identification of new targets for symptomatic relief of motor and non-motor defects in @entity179 , there is a critical unmet clinical need for the development of novel neuroprotective molecules. One such promising class of compounds are @entity6340 ( @entity6340 ). Derived from @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ), @entity6340 have been shown to be efficacious in a number of @entity179 . The ability of these nonimmunosuppressive @entity6340 to protect neurons is modulated, in part, by a large family of co-chaperone proteins called the @entity1140 binding proteins (FKBPs). This review focuses on the roles of FKBPs in @entity179 with an emphasis on the cellular mechanisms responsible for their neuroprotective and neurotrophic activities. We discuss the structural features of FKBPs and the mode of action of @entity6340 . For brevity, we limit our discussion to those FKBPs that are particularly enriched in the nervous system. We hope that such information will aid in the rational design of new and improved @entity6340 for ameliorating @entity179 .

title: Role of XXXX binding proteins in @entity179 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['NILs', 'neuroimmunophilin ligands']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's, Parkinson's"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['injury and neuronal loss']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK506']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity956 is a common @entity943 which frequently recurs after cardioversion and is relatively difficult to control with antiarrhythmic agents. AIMS: To evaluate the success rate, recurrence rate and safety of radiofrequency, (RF) ablation for @entity956 in a consecutive series of @entity1 with drug refractory chronic or paroxysmal forms of the @entity943 . METHODS: Electrophysiologic evaluation of @entity956 included activation mapping with a 20 electrode halo catheter placed around the tricuspid annulus and entrainment mapping from within the low right atrial isthmus. After confirmation of the @entity943 mechanism with these techniques, an anatomic approach was used to create a linear lesion between the inferior tricuspid annulus and the eustachian ridge at the anterior margin of the inferior vena cava. In order to demonstrate successful ablation, mapping techniques were employed to show that bi-directional conduction block was present in the low right atrial isthmus. RESULTS: Successful ablation was achieved in 26/27 @entity1 (96%). In one @entity1 with a grossly enlarged right atrium, isthmus block could not be achieved. Of the 26 @entity1 with successful ablation, there has been one recurrence of typical @entity5069 (4%) during a mean follow-up period of 5.5 +/- 2.7 months. This @entity1 underwent a successful repeat ablation procedure. Of eight @entity1 with documented clinical @entity955 (in addition to @entity956 ) prior to the procedure, five continued to have @entity955 following the ablation. There were no procedural complications and all @entity1 had normal AV conduction at the completion of the ablation. CONCLUSIONS: RF ablation is a highly effective and safe procedure for cure of @entity956 . In @entity1 with chronic or recurrent forms of @entity956 should be considered as a first line therapeutic option.

title: Radiofrequency ablation for cure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter RF ablation', 'atrial flutter', 'Atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity925 , but a comprehensive study on @entity121 is lacking. We therefore report the clinical, electromyographic and muscle biopsy findings in @entity1 with @entity9556 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity9556 were included, and their clinical and laboratory findings were noted. The @entity1 with @entity925 or @entity425 and elevated serum @entity908 kinase (CK) were considered to have @entity121 . Electromyography (EMG) and muscle biopsy were done in some @entity1 . @entity1 were treated with @entity3403 200mg daily for 7days, and their clinical and biochemical outcome on discharge and one month were evaluated. RESULTS: 13 out of 33 (39.4%) @entity1 had @entity121 and their CK levels ranged between 287 and 3166 (859  829) U/L. EMG revealed short duration polyphasic potentials, and muscle histopathology revealed evidence of @entity1333 . There were significant correlations between severity of @entity425 and CK levels (r=-0.6; p<0.001), platelet counts (r=0.4; p=0.04), duration of illness (r=-0.4; p=0.01) and disability on discharge (r=-0.4; p=0.04). @entity1 with @entity121 had more severe illness evidenced by a lower Glasgow @entity772 Scale score (p<0.001), @entity882 (p=0.05) and greater disability on discharge (p=0.007), when compared to those without @entity121 . All the @entity1 had complete recovery following @entity3403 therapy, and CK levels also normalized. CONCLUSION: @entity121 was present in 39% @entity1 with @entity9556 . Although muscle histopathology showed evidence of @entity1333 , @entity1 responded to @entity3403 .

title: A study of @entity121 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9556 :: ('MESH:D012612', 'Disease') :: ['scrub typhus']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['scrub typhus often complain of myalgia', 'myalgia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle dysfunction', 'muscle involvement', 'muscle dysfunction']

answer: @entity9556 :: (MESH:D012612,Disease) :: ['scrub typhus']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 70-year-old @entity1 who had complained of epigastric discomfort since March 1980. In April his liver was found to be enlarged on examination by his family doctor, and he was referred to our hospital. By X-ray and endoscopic examination a @entity189 of @entity1605 was found in the lesser curvature of the body of the stomach. Biopsy of the @entity5 disclosed @entity420 . multiple liver @entity3 were demonstrated by computed tomography. From May 1980 tegafur ( @entity16229 , 750 mg) in the from of a suppository was given daily. During the course of endoscopic follow-up the shape of the @entity356 changed to one of an irregular shallow ulceration and biopsy failed to reveal @entity5 cells in August 1980. In April 1981 only an @entity1066 remained in the stomach. In February 1981 computed tomography showed small low-density areas in the liver, but these had completely disappeared by June 1982. Starting in August 1980, tegafur suppository was given on alternate days until June 1984. By this time there had been no recurrence of the @entity189 either in the liver or in the stomach, and the chemotherapy was discontinued. By the WHO standard for @entity5 chemotherapy this @entity1 therefore corresponds to the class of complete response.

title: [A case of complete regression of @entity356 and liver XXXX by treatment with tegafur].

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Borrmann type 2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer scar']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['papillotubular adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: We previously demonstrated that light chain (LC) endocytosis by @entity1 proximal tubule cells (PTCs) leads to production of cytokines through activation of NF-kappaB. Here, we examined the role of MAPK pathways in these responses using four species of @entity1582 LCs (kappa(1), kappa(2), kappa(3), and lambda(1)) previously shown to induce cytokine production by PTCs. Among these, kappa(1)-LC, which yielded the strongest cytokine responses, was selected for detailed studies. Activation of MAPKs was probed by Western blot analysis for the active kinases, @entity1366 , @entity10886 , and @entity3963 in kappa(1)-LC-exposed @entity1 PTCs. To evaluate the functional role of MAPKs in LC-induced cytokine responses, we tested the effects of @entity5732 , an @entity3963 inhibitor; @entity4287 , an inhibitor of JNK; @entity1441 , a @entity3963 inhibitor; and @entity6108 , a JNK-AP-1 inhibitor, all added to media before 4-h exposure to 1.5 mg/ml kappa(1)-LC. @entity650 and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) were determined by ELISA. Both LC and human serum albumin (HSA) activated @entity3963 , although the HSA effect was weaker. kappa(1)-LC stimulated all three MAPKs, although phosphorylation of @entity3963 was more pronounced and sustained than others. Inhibitors of @entity3963 , JNK, and @entity3963 reduced LC-induced @entity650 and @entity2842 production. These findings suggest that activation of MAPKs plays a role in LC-induced cytokine responses in PTCs. Activation of MAPKs may be involved in cytokine responses induced by other proteins as well as LCs and may be pivotal in the pathophysiology of @entity130 in @entity66 .

title: Role of MAPK pathways in light chain-induced cytokine production in XXXX proximal tubule cells.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuric diseases']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The surgical treatment of greater @entity9 often involves diagnostic anesthetic blockade, followed by chemical or surgical ablation of the greater occipital nerve. The anatomy of this region was studied in microdissections of 2 cadaver specimens. The diagnosis and management of a series of 5 @entity1 with greater @entity9 is discussed. Two @entity1 were treated with atlanto-epistrophic ligament decompression of the C2 dorsal root ganglion and nerve; four @entity1 had C2 ganglionotomy performed. All @entity1 in this series had immediate complete relief of @entity158 following surgery. @entity1 were followed for a mean of 24 months (range 7-33 months). One @entity1 had a recurrence of her original @entity158 after 26 months following atlanto-epistrophic ligament decompression and required re-operation in the form of bilateral C2 ganglionotomy. All @entity1 experienced transient @entity390 and @entity1296 in the several days following surgery. One @entity1 had an incisional @entity5173 . Microsurgical @entity1605 is advocated as the preferred surgical treatment of greater @entity9 of idiopathic origin.

title: Surgical treatment of greater XXXX : an appraisal of strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['C2 gangliotomy']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['occipital neuralgia']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['occipital neuralgia']


abstract: @entity5748 of @entity161 and @entity734 is common in @entity146 practice. Epidemiologic studies and report have established that the risk of a @entity734 was 4 to 5 times higher in a population of @entity146 @entity1 than in the general population. However, little is known on the reason of this relationship and the treatments required. It's well known that a family history of @entity716 is a risk factor of @entity161 . Similarly a family history of substance use disorders increases the risk of using substances. Because the two disorders often occurred together, it could be hypothesized that a genetic risk factor is common. However, recent studies did not confirm this hypothesis and it seems that their genetic risks factor would be unrelated. Evidence now exists describing the different profiles of @entity1 whether they used substance or not. Concerning negative symptoms clinical studies and meta-analyses have described fewer symptoms in @entity161 @entity1 with a substance use disorder. Among the different explanations that have been addressed, it seems that a lower capability of obtaining the substance could partly explain this relationship. Perhaps because @entity1 with social withdrawal have more difficulties to find and spend the time required to obtain abused substances. At the opposite some products such as @entity2072 may relieve some symptoms especially @entity4270 and @entity2026 . However the link between @entity734 and negative symptoms is weak and decreases in more recent studies, probably because negative symptoms as well as addiction disorders are better characterized. Considering that treating @entity146 symptoms may not always lead to a decrease in the @entity734 but that @entity1 who give up substances improve their @entity716 , a therapeutic strategy should be planned for these @entity74 @entity1 combining psychiatry and addiction interventions.

title: [Negative symptoms in XXXX and @entity734 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['Dual diagnosis']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dual disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance-related disorder', 'substance-related disorders']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only limited data are available on the physiological functional compatibility of cardiac xenografts after orthotopic @entity1707 to @entity3474 transplantation (oXHTx). Thus we investigated hemodynamic parameters including cardiac output (CO) before and after oXHTx. METHODS: Orthotopic xenogeneic heart transplantation from nine @entity9819 transgeneic piglets to @entity6599 was performed. We used femoral arterial thermodilution for the invasive assessment of CO and @entity64 volume. RESULTS: Baseline CO of the @entity6599 after induction of anesthesia was 1.36 (1.0-1.9) l/min. 30 to 60 min after termination of the cardiopulmonary bypass, CO of the cardiac xenograft was significantly increased to 1.72 (1.3-2.1) l/min (P < 0.01). The @entity64 volumes of the @entity3474 heart before transplantation and the cardiac xenograft was comparable [14.9 (11-26) vs. 11.8 (10-23) ml]. Thus the higher CO was achieved by an increase in heart rate after oXHTx [75.0 (69-110) vs. 140.0 (77-180)/min; P < 0.01]. Despite the increased CO, @entity26 delivery was reduced [256 (251-354) vs. 227 (172-477) ml/min; P < 0.01] due to the inevitable hemodilution during the cardiopulmonary bypass and the @entity190 caused by the surgical procedures. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that in the early phase after orthotopic transplantation of @entity9819 @entity1707 hearts to @entity6599 , cardiac function of the donor heart is maintained and exceeds baseline CO. However, in the early intraoperative phase this was only possible by using inotropic substances and vasopressors due to the inevitable @entity190 and dilution by the priming of the bypass circuit.

title: @entity9819 porcine cardiac xenograft maintains cardiac output after orthotopic transplantation into XXXX --a perioperative study.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['baboon']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a cluster of Mycobacterium chelonae @entity1036 cases involving @entity1 who underwent laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) at a single refractive surgery center. DESIGN: Descriptive case series of four @entity1 and cohort study to identify disease associations. METHODS: Examination schedules, diagnostic tests, and therapy were based on best medical judgment. Isolates from three @entity1 were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Epidemiologic studies were performed to identify the source of @entity281 . RESULTS: Seven of eight eyes developed M. chelonae @entity1036 following bilateral simultaneous LASIK. Each @entity1 was thought to have @entity1036 initially, but all seven eyes were noted to have opacities suggestive of @entity1036 by 13 to 21 days after surgery. All eyes had undergone hyperopic LASIK over four days in April 2001 by one surgeon in a community-based refractive surgery center. A cohort study of all @entity1 undergoing LASIK at the same center in April 2001 revealed that M. chelonae @entity1036 occurred only in @entity1 undergoing correction of @entity3467 (seven of 14 eyes vs. none of 217 eyes undergoing myopic LASIK, P <.001). The only difference identified between procedures was use of masks created from a soft contact lens in hyperopic LASIK. Three isolates (three @entity1 ) were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Eyes were treated with a combination of antimicrobial agents, including topical @entity4580 in three @entity1 , with resolution of @entity5517 over 6 to 14 weeks. The source of @entity281 was not identified on environmental cultures. CONCLUSION: Postoperative nontuberculous @entity1036 can occur in an epidemic fashion following LASIK. Topical @entity4509 , @entity4580 , @entity4581 , @entity2177 , or a combination of these agents, appears to be effective treatment for these infections.

title: Cluster of Mycobacterium chelonae XXXX cases following laser in-situ keratomileusis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['infection in all eyes']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lamellar keratitis', 'mycobacterial keratitis', 'keratitis', 'infectious keratitis']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['keratitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether supplementation with @entity560 improves resilience to the adverse effects of earthquakes. DESIGN: Opportunistic addition to an established randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. SETTING: Christchurch, New Zealand, where a prolonged series of @entity16839 beginning on 4 September 2010 occurred, which caused widespread destruction, fatalities, and extensive @entity16 . @entity1 : 322 healthy adults (241 @entity1 ; 81 @entity1 ) aged 18-67 who were already participating in the @entity560 and @entity1729 study (VIDARIS) between February 2010 and November 2011. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomised to receive an oral dose of either 200 000 IU @entity3875 monthly for two months then 100 000 IU monthly (n=161) or placebo (n=161) for a total of 18 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: This is a post hoc analysis from the previously published VIDARIS trial. The primary endpoint in the current analysis was the self reported effects and overall adverse impact of the Christchurch earthquakes as assessed by questionnaire four months after the most destructive earthquake on 22 February 2011, which was used as the index event. The secondary end point was the number of "psychological" adverse events that @entity1 reported at their usual monthly appointments as part of the original VIDARIS trial. RESULTS: 308 @entity1 completed the earthquake impact questionnaire (n=152 in the @entity560 group and 156 in the placebo group). There was no significant difference in the number of self reported adverse effects between those receiving @entity560 supplementation and those receiving placebo. There was also no difference in the overall adverse impact score between treatment groups (  (2) P=0.44). The exception was that those in the @entity560 group experienced more adverse effects on family relationships (22% v 13%;   (2) P=0.03). The number of psychological adverse events-such as fatigue, stress, @entity148 , and insomnia-that @entity1 reported at their usual monthly appointments was significantly higher after the earthquake (  (2) P=0.007) but did not differ between treatment groups. CONCLUSION: In this trial, @entity560 supplementation did not reduce the adverse impact of earthquakes in healthy adults. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (anzctr.org.au) ACTRN12609000486224.

title: Effect of monthly XXXX supplementation in healthy adults on adverse effects of earthquakes: randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['psychological damage']

entities_list: @entity16839 :: ('MESH:D002388', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic earthquakes']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity3875 :: (MESH:D002762,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity958 @entity23324 (ACR4) is a @entity59070 ( @entity59070 ) involved in the global development of the plant. The @entity958 genome encodes four homologs of ACR4 that contain sequence similarity and analogous architectural elements to ACR4, termed @entity958 @entity23324 Related (AtCRRs) proteins. Additionally, a signaling module has been previously proposed including a postulated peptide ligand, @entity59071 , the ACR4 @entity59070 , and the @entity49413 transcription factor that engage in a possible feedback mechanism controlling stem cell differentiation. However, little biochemical evidence is available to ascertain the molecular aspects of receptor heterodimerization and the role of phosphorylation in these interactions. Therefore, we have undertaken an investigation of the in vitro interactions between the @entity19262 ( @entity19262 ) of ACR4, the CRRs and @entity49413 . We demonstrate that interaction can occur between ACR4 and all four CRRs in the unphosphorylated state. However, phosphorylation dependency is observed for the interaction between ACR4 and @entity23328 . Furthermore, sequence analysis of the ACR4 gene family has revealed a conserved 'KDSAF' motif that may be involved in protein-protein interactions among the receptor family. We demonstrate that peptides harboring this conserved motif in @entity23328 and @entity23329 are able to bind to the ACR4 kinase domain. Our investigations also indicate that the ACR4 @entity19262 can interact with and phosphorylate the transcription factor @entity49413 .

title: Evidence for Intermolecular Interactions between the Intracellular Domains of the XXXX @entity59070 ACR4, Its Homologs and the @entity49413 Transcription Factor.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity19262 :: ('MESH:D015270', 'Disease') :: ['intracellular domains', 'ICD']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Short leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with @entity65 in adulthood. However, the biological basis of this association remains unclear. We sought to define early determinants of the association between @entity65 and LTL in an adolescent population. METHODS AND RESULTS: One thousand eighty adolescents, aged 13 to 16 years and participating in the Ten Towns Heart Health Study, provided blood samples for DNA extraction and measurement of a range of CV risk factors. LTL was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. LTL was inversely associated with age (P=0.04), longer in females than in males (P=0.03), and longer in South Asians than in white Europeans (P=0.01). No associations were found between LTL and traditional CV risk factors. There was a significant and inverse association between LTL and inflammatory markers, including @entity1851 (P<0.001) and fibrinogen (P=0.001). The associations between LTL and inflammatory markers were not affected by multiple adjustments for behavioral and metabolic factors. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of @entity32 are associated with shorter LTL from early adolescence; traditional CV risk factors have little association with LTL in adolescence. @entity32 in early life may play a causal role in the adult association between short LTL and @entity65 .

title: XXXX and not cardiovascular risk factors is associated with short leukocyte telomere length in 13- to 16-year-old adolescents.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular (CV) disease', 'CV disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: Soft-Tissue @entity242 (STRP) are rare @entity5 . Late diagnostic and extreme technical difficulties to obtain total resection with margins free of @entity5 , are associated to a high relapse rate. Eighteen @entity1 with STRP were retrospectively reviewed, evaluating: Clinical onset, histology, treatment-type performed, mortality and survival rate. Total resection was performed in eleven @entity1 (61%), with inclusion of neighbor organs or structures in five of them (45%). In one case partial exeresis associated with left hemicolectomy was done, and only biopsy was performed in six cases. After total exeresis, seven @entity1 showed local relapse (64%) and four of these @entity1 (57%) underwent surgery again. Global surgery mortality was one @entity1 . Survival at five years in resected @entity1 was 57%. In @entity1 with biopsy only, mean survival was 16.6 months, @entity1 with total or partial resection, survival was 79.1 months. An aggressive surgical approach, with @entity5 total exeresis and a block resection of neighbor affected organs or structures, is the best alternative in the treatment of STRP.

title: [Long-term results of surgical treatment of soft tissue XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['Retroperitoneal Sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal sarcomas']


abstract: The aim of this study was to explore prognostic factors for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 with brain metastases (BM) on the basis of @entity470 mutation status. Among 779 consecutive @entity1149 @entity1 who underwent @entity470 mutation screening, all 197 @entity1 with BM were divided according to the @entity470 mutation status. The prognostic factors, including @entity1 characteristics at the time of BM diagnosis, treatment history, and radiologic features, were analyzed. Of 197 @entity1 with BM, 108 had wild-type @entity470 and 89 had @entity470 mutation. The @entity1 with @entity470 mutation presented longer overall survival after BM diagnosis ( @entity3012 ) than those with wild-type @entity470 , regardless of whether BM was synchronous or metachronous. For the @entity1 with @entity470 mutation, favorable prognostic factors in multivariate analysis were age<65 (p=0.037), good performance status (PS) (p<0.0001), cranial radiotherapy (p=0.020), previous chemotherapy <=1 regimen (p=0.009), stable extracranial disease at BM diagnosis (p=0.022), and @entity3866 therapy after BM diagnosis (p=0.0015). On the other hand, favorable prognostic factors for the @entity1 with wild-type @entity470 were only good PS (p=0.0037) and cranial radiotherapy (p=0.0005). Among @entity1 treated with @entity3866 after BM diagnosis, the @entity1 with exon 19 deletion showed longer @entity3012 than those with exon 21 point mutation (p=0.019). The prognostic factors for @entity1149 @entity1 with BM were different according to the @entity470 mutation status. Particularly in @entity1149 @entity1 with @entity470 mutation and stable extracranial disease, regular cranial evaluation for detecting asymptomatic BM would lead to good prognosis. In addition, @entity3866 therapy would be preferable in @entity1149 @entity1 with BM and @entity470 mutation, especially those with exon 19 deletion.

title: Prognostic factors for brain metastases from @entity1149 with @entity470 mutation: influence of stable extracranial disease and XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['erlotinib']


abstract: A group of 60 @entity1 with @entity135 were treated with high-dose @entity4181 (500 mg/m-2/week-1) plus @entity1487 (400 mg/m-2/week-1 on day 1, and @entity900 (20 mg/m-2/week-1) 24 h after @entity4181 infusion was completed. Out of 55 evaluable @entity1 , 10 @entity1 (18%) experienced a complete response with a mean duration of 11.4+ months, 25 @entity1 had a partial response (45%) of 6.7+ months, 6 @entity1 (11%) showed a stabilization of 4.8+ months, and 14 (25%) progressed. The overall response rate was 63.6% (95% confidence limits 56.5%-69.5%). @entity1 pretreated with radiotherapy had a 67% overall response rate, while those pretreated with chemotherapy showed a 54% overall response rate. All @entity1 with @entity5 of the oropharynx had a major response, while @entity1 with @entity5 of the oral cavity had the lowest response rate. The mean survival of @entity1 who attained a complete response was 14.5+ months. Partial responders had a mean survival of 10.6+ months, while @entity1 who progresses survived a mean of 3.6+ months. The treatment has been very well tolerated with few cases of grade 3 @entity344 . Grade 1-2 @entity1431 was recorded in 64% of cases, grade 1-2 @entity390 / @entity391 in 85%. In one case therapy was stopped because of persistent @entity294 .

title: High-dose XXXX and @entity1487 plus @entity900 on a weekly schedule in the treatment of advanced @entity5 of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['advanced head/neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['folinic acid']


abstract: The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of adolescents with @entity454 ( @entity454 ) is an important marker of disease burden. Our aims were to investigate HRQOL in a group of @entity1 and adolescents with @entity454 and to compare them with the reference population norms. Ours was a cross-sectional study of 81 @entity1 aged 10 years to 21 years with @entity454 (68 with kidney transplants and 13 on dialysis) at five Spanish paediatric nephrology centres. HRQOL was investigated with the Spanish version of the @entity1 health and illness profile, adolescent edition (CHIP-AE). Clinical variables such as underlying diagnosis, number of rejection episodes, pre-emptive transplantation, @entity417 and height were also analysed. No differences were found between @entity1 with kidney transplants and their healthy peers in any domain or sub-domain of CHIP-AE. The group on dialysis scored lower than healthy controls and @entity1 with transplants for satisfaction with health. Discomfort was higher in @entity1 with transplants who had suffered one rejection episode. Physical discomfort was increased in anaemic @entity1 with transplants. Short @entity1 scored less in the satisfaction domain, with lower self-esteem and lower satisfaction with health. Adolescents with kidney transplants had better satisfaction with health than the group on dialysis, which matched the level of a healthy population. Further long-term prospective research is warranted.

title: Quality of life of adolescents with XXXX and kidney transplant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) is the most common @entity361 in the gastrointestinal tract and most frequently developed in the stomach, and surgical therapy is limited on removal of the @entity5 lesion. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical values of endo-laparoscopic rendezvous approach for pericardial GISTs within gastric posterior wall. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgical outcome and clinical data of 52 @entity1 with pericardial GISTs within gastric posterior wall treated at Tianjin @entity1 ' Hospital from January 2004 to October 2013 were analyzed. Endo-laparoscopic rendezvous approach was used as an operative procedure for @entity5 resection ranged from 10 to 50 mm. Endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography and microscopic findings all certified the gastric spindle type @entity674 locating in the submucosa to muscle proper. RESULTS: Endo-laparoscopic rendezvous approach was attempted in 52 @entity1 (male/female: 31/21) with median age of 51 years (25-71 years). The median operating time was 80 min (range: 40-120 min) and median intra-operative @entity190 was 26 ml (range: 10-50 ml). The median hospital stay was 5 days (range: 4-6 days), while the median @entity5 size was 25 mm (range: 7-50 mm). All operative margins were clear. There were no recurrences or metastases of all @entity1 in a median follow-up of 24 months (range: 6-36 months). CONCLUSIONS: Endo-laparoscopic rendezvous approach is considered to represent the next revolution in surgery. The new technique is reliable and effective in clinical application, due to the advantages of accurate and quick localization for pericardial @entity674 within gastric posterior wall.

title: Endo-laparoscopic rendezvous approach for pericardia with gastric posterior wall of XXXX : Analysis of 52 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Peoples']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GIST', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumor']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of plasma-based resuscitation for @entity130 @entity1 in @entity548 has been associated with a decrease in mortality. Although some have proposed a beneficial effect through replacement of coagulation proteins, the putative mechanisms of protection afforded by plasma are unknown. We have previously shown in a cell culture model that plasma decreases endothelial cell permeability in comparison with crystalloid. The endothelial glycocalyx consists of proteoglycans and @entity13268 attached to a @entity13221 backbone, which together protect the underlying endothelium. We hypothesize that endothelial cell protection by plasma is due, in part, to its restoration of the endothelial glycocalyx and preservation of @entity13221 after @entity548 . METHODS: @entity35 were subjected to @entity548 to a mean arterial blood pressure of 30 mm Hg for 90 minutes followed by resuscitation with either lactated Ringer's (LR) solution or fresh plasma to a mean arterial blood pressure of 80 mm Hg and compared with shams or shock alone. After 2 hours, lungs were harvested for @entity13221 mRNA, immunostained with antisyndecan-1, or stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 . To specifically examine the effect of plasma on the endothelium, we infused small bowel mesentery with a @entity3740 -based solution, identified venules, and visualized the glycocalyx by electron microscopy. All data are presented as mean    SEM. Results were analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc tests. RESULTS: Electron microscopy revealed degradation of the glycocalyx after @entity548 , which was partially restored by plasma but not LR. Pulmonary @entity13221 mRNA expression was higher in animals resuscitated with plasma (2.76    0.03) in comparison with shock alone (1.39    0.22) or LR (0.82    0.03) and correlated with cell surface @entity13221 immunostaining. Shock also resulted in significant @entity651 by histopathology scoring (1.63    0.26), which was mitigated by resuscitation with plasma (0.67    0.17) but not LR (2.0    0.25). CONCLUSION: The protective effects of plasma may be due in part to its ability to restore the endothelial glycocalyx and preserve @entity13221 after @entity548 .

title: Plasma restoration of endothelial glycocalyx in a rodent model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity13268 :: ('MESH:C565538', 'Disease') :: ['glycoproteins']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: We have previously shown that Con A-induced suppressor T cells belong to the CD45RA+ subset. After unseparated T cells are activated with Con A, @entity1195 RA expression increases to a maximum (Day 2), and then decreases significantly, but does not disappear entirely (Day 9), while @entity2393 expression increases steadily. In the present study, we examined the fate of these cell surface molecules on isolated @entity404 +CD45RA+ and @entity404 +CD45RA- cells following activation with Con A, and their relationship to the regulatory functions of these subsets. After activation of @entity404 +CD45RA+ cells with Con A, CD45RO and @entity2393 antigen expression rapidly increases (greater than 90%). While CD45RA expression is downregulated, approximately 40% of the cells continue to express low-density @entity1195 RA in a stable fashion through Day 21. Despite these phenotypic changes, cells originally CD45RA+ continue to suppress IgG synthesis and provide only minimal B cell help. Furthermore, when cells originally CD45RA+ were sorted on the basis of continued presence, or loss of @entity1195 RA antigen 14 days after activation, both populations demonstrated potent suppression and minimal help. In contrast, after activation with Con A, @entity404 +CD45A- cells maintain stable phenotype and provide significant help and minimal suppression. Immunoprecipitation of the @entity1195 RA antigen from Day 14 activated @entity404 +CD45RA+ cells confirms the continued presence of the 205-kDa isoform, but reveals a significant decrease in the 220-kDa isoform. These results suggest that after activation with Con A, cells originally CD45RA+ remain functionally distinct from cells originally CD45RA-, and that @entity1195 RA antigen persists on a subpopulation of CD45RA+ cells after activation with Con A.

title: XXXX +CD45RA+ and @entity404 +CD45RA- T cell subsets in man maintain distinct function and CD45RA expression persists on a subpopulation of CD45RA+ cells after activation with Con A.

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) exhibit an array of behavioral and morphological characteristics that set them apart from other mammals: females are heavier and more aggressive than males, and females have external genitalia that closely resemble those of the male. Because androgenic hormones might mediate the expression of these traits, @entity3800 are of great interest in this species. Past work on circulating @entity3800 in wild hyenas has been limited, in part because of small sample sizes. In this study we validated a non-invasive method of monitoring variation in @entity3800 by measuring total @entity342 metabolites in the feces of wild and captive spotted hyenas with an enzyme immunoassay. HPLC analysis revealed multiple immunoreactive @entity342 metabolites in fecal extracts from both males and females. LHRH challenge in three male and two female hyenas in captivity caused an increase in fecal @entity3800 one to three days after LHRH injection. Furthermore, presence of bone in the diet did not affect fecal @entity342 concentrations in captive female hyenas. In wild spotted hyenas, time of day of fecal deposition, time elapsed between deposition and freezing of the sample, and time elapsed between freezing and extraction did not systematically affect fecal @entity342 concentrations. Finally, in wild hyenas, fecal @entity342 patterns mirrored plasma @entity251 patterns in that adult immigrant males had higher concentrations than adult natal males, and pregnant females had higher concentrations than lactating females. These methods can therefore be used in future studies addressing relationships among fecal @entity3800 , social status, reproductive state, and behavior in spotted hyenas.

title: Non-invasive monitoring of fecal XXXX in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta).

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity3800 :: (MESH:D000728,Chemical) :: ['androgens']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To design a new, highly sensitive psychometric screening to identify @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity1 with @entity303 in the early stages of the disease. METHODS: Five tasks were included in the DemTect: a word list, a number transcoding task, a word fluency task, digit span reverse, and delayed recall of the word list. The normation was performed with 145 healthy control subjects (CG). Furthermore, 97 @entity73 @entity1 and 121 @entity1 with possible @entity195 ( @entity195 ) were tested with the DemTect and the MMSE. Classification rates for both tests were analysed. RESULTS: On the basis of the CG data, age-dependant transformation algorithms for the DemTect subtests were defined, and an education correction was provided for the total transformed score. The @entity1 groups scored significantly below the CG in both the DemTect and the MMSE. Compared to the MMSE, classification rates of the DemTect were superior for both the @entity73 and the @entity195 group, with high sensitivities of 80% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The DemTect is short (8-10 minutes), easy to administer, and its transformed total score (maximum 18) is independent of age and education. The DemTect helps in deciding whether cognitive performance is adequate for age (13-18 points), or whether @entity73 (9-12 points) or @entity303 (8 points or below) should be suspected.

title: DemTect: a new, sensitive cognitive screening test to support the diagnosis of @entity73 and early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity295 , defined by the presence of @entity32 , is a lethal clinical syndrome with an increasing mortality rate worldwide. In severe disease, the coagulation system becomes diffusely activated, with consumption of multiple clotting factors resulting in @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ). When present, @entity5642 portends a higher mortality rate. Understanding the mechanisms that tie @entity32 and diffuse @entity715 will allow therapeutic interventions to be developed. The @entity1003 of @entity697 is a dynamic process that is time and disease burden specific. Whole-blood testing of coagulation may provide more clinically useful information than the classical tests. Natural anticoagulants that regulate @entity715 are downregulated in @entity295 . @entity1 may benefit from the modulation of the coagulation system when systemic @entity32 and hypercoagulopathy exist. Proper timing of anticoagulant therapy may ultimately lead to decreased incidence of multisystem organ dysfunction. RECENT FINDINGS: The pathogenesis of @entity1003 in @entity295 is driven by an upregulation of procoagulant mechanisms and simultaneous downregulation of natural anticoagulants. @entity32 caused by the invading organism is a natural host defense that cannot be eliminated during treatment. Successful strategies to prevent multisystem organ dysfunction center on stratifying @entity1 at high risk for @entity5642 and restoring the balance of @entity32 and coagulation. SUMMARY: The prevention of @entity5642 in septic @entity1 is a key therapeutic target in preventing @entity204 from @entity881 . Stratifying @entity1 for therapy using thromboelastometry, specific markers for @entity5642 , and composite scoring systems is an area of growing research.

title: The @entity1003 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation', 'infection and host inflammation']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem organ failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) @entity3064 isolates is now frequently associated with @entity580 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic relatedness and patterns of antimicrobial resistance amongst A. baumannii isolated from a burn centre at a teaching hospital in Iran. METHODS: A total of 54 A. baumannii isolates were collected from burn wound @entity281 of hospitalised patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined, and genotyping analysis was performed by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR). PCR assay was performed to investigate the distribution of b-lactamase, @entity5292 -modifying enzyme and efflux pump genes. RESULTS: Etest results revealed that the most active antimicrobial agent was @entity3273 (100% susceptibility), followed by @entity9001 (96.3%). The blaOXA-51 and blaADC genes were detected in all of the isolates, but @entity18717 -like was not detected. The prevalence of blaTEM, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaOXA-23-like and @entity18716 -like genes was 64.8%, 70.4%, 70.4%, 66.7% and 68.5%, respectively. ISAba1 was detected upstream of blaOXA-23-like and blaADC in 66.7% and 77.8% of isolates, respectively. This study showed a high level of distribution of adeB (72.2%), @entity15016 (81.5%), aacC1 (85.2%), aadA1 (59.3%), aadB (31.5%), tetB (70.4%) and aphA1 (29.6%) in A. baumannii strains. Based on rep-PCR analysis, four clusters (I-IV) were defined. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated prevalence of MDR A. baumannii strains in this burn centre suggests that local antibiotic prescription policies should be precisely revised. Moreover, strict infection control procedures to prevent further dissemination need to be prioritised immediately.

title: Elevated prevalence of multidrug-resistant XXXX with extensive genetic diversity in the largest burn centre of northeast Iran.

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity5292 :: ('D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity9001 :: ('MESH:C119092', 'Chemical') :: ['tigecycline']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: The extreme medical emergency situation in the dental setting is @entity1167 . The need to provide dental treatment to the medically compromised @entity1 , suffering from very high risk @entity299 at special oral medicine hospital dentistry units, expose the dental and medical teams to the possibility of @entity1 ' @entity204 . Cardiac and @entity1167 in these units faces the dentists with the need to perform basic and/or advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Various etiologies are responsible for cardiac arrests. This article describes our experience and the outcome of six @entity1 who have suffered cardiac arrests pre, during or post dental treatment in two special oral medicine centers. Two @entity1 , suffering from severe @entity712 experienced fatal @entity943 , both of them underwent CPR with early @entity299 , following which one @entity1 completely recovered, and the other one expired. Two young and healthy @entity1 experienced severe @entity907 with heart standstill for more than 40 seconds followed by spontaneous uneventful recovery. The fifth @entity1 , who suffered from @entity2224 as a result of an acute @entity63 , was resuscitated successfully. The last @entity1 , a young @entity1 , suffered from a severe @entity159 causing @entity1168 , which led to @entity1167 , but recovered following CPR. All @entity1 who did not recover spontaneously underwent methodical advanced CPR with @entity8658 . Only one @entity1 out of the six died.

title: [ XXXX in dental offices. Report of six cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['early defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['neurocardiogenic syncope']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['coronary ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases', 'cardiac defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'cardiorespiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiac arrest']


abstract: This study aims to identify signatures of @entity11216 associated with hereditary, @entity5345 or @entity2674 mutation positive @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and non-hereditary @entity0 , either sporadic (SBC) or non-informative (BRCAX). Moreover, we search for signatures associated with @entity5 stage, immunohistochemistry and @entity5 molecular profile. Twenty formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) BCs, @entity5345 , @entity2674 , BRCAX and SBC, five per group were studied. Affymetrix platform miRNA v.3.0 was used to perform @entity11216 expression analysis. ER, PR, @entity1722 and Ki67 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. @entity5345 , @entity2674 and @entity15893 methylation analysis, @entity875 copy number variations, and @entity5345 and @entity2674 deletions, were studied by MLPA. We validated eight of the @entity11216 selected by the arrays in 77 BCs by qRT-PCR. The @entity11216 profiles associated with @entity5 features were studied applying the Sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis. @entity11216 discrimination capability to distinguish hereditary and non-hereditary @entity0 was analyzed by the discriminant function. With 15 out of 1,733 hsa-miRs, it was possible to differentiate the four groups. @entity5345 , @entity2674 and SBC were associated with clusters of hyper-expressed miRs, and BRCAX with hypo-expressed miRs. Hsa- @entity11216 -4417 and hsa- @entity11216 -423-3p expressions (included among the eight validated miRs) differentiated 70.1 % of hereditary and non-hereditary BCs. We found @entity11216 profiles associated with @entity5 features like node involvement, histological grade, ER, PR and @entity1722 expression. Regarding molecular parameters, we only found a weak association of miRs in @entity0 harboring losses in @entity875 . We conclude that array @entity11216 expression profiles can differentiate the four study groups using FFPE @entity0 . However, miRs expression estimated by qRT-PCR differentiates only hereditary and non-inherited BCs. The @entity11216 expression array is a simple and rapid approach that could be useful to facilitate the identification of those SBC carrying genetic or epigenetic changes in @entity5345 genes responsible of @entity5345 -like phenotype. These @entity1 could benefit from the treatment with @entity9190 inhibitors.

title: MicroRNA signatures in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['hereditary breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: Refeeding enteroclysis is one method of giving artificial nutritional support to @entity1 with enterocutaneous @entity292 . This study compares the results of this technique with parenteral nutrition or nutrition given via a proximal stoma. METHOD: All @entity1 admitted to our intestinal failure unit with a proximal enteric @entity292 and managed with refeeding enteroclysis over a 4-year period were included and compared with a matched group of @entity1 managed without using this technique. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 (15 @entity1 ) with a proximal enteric @entity292 received chyme refeeding down the distal limb of the @entity292 . This was established at a mean of 14 days after admission to the unit and total parenteral nutrition could be weaned off by 20 days. The mean output from the proximal limb was 1800 ml and the mean volume refed down the distal limb was 1220 ml per day. Additional enteric feed was given to 12 @entity1 . No @entity1 was given pharmacological agents to delay gastrointestinal transit or additional intravenous water and electrolyte for most of the time after refeeding was established. There were no complications or @entity204 related to chyme refeeding. CONCLUSION: Refeeding enteroclysis is feasible in selected @entity1 with a proximal enteric @entity292 or stoma. Adequate nutrition, water and electrolyte balance can be achieved without resorting to parenteral infusions.

title: Refeeding enteroclysis as an alternative to parenteral nutrition for enteric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) and @entity161 are separate disorders, but there is evidence of conversion or comorbid overlap. The objective of this paper was to explore whether deficits in sensory gating, as seen in some @entity161 @entity1 , can also be found in a group of @entity72 @entity1 compared to neurotypically developed @entity1 . An additional aim was to investigate the possibility of subdividing our @entity72 sample based on these gating deficits. In a case-control design, we assessed gating of the @entity2451 and N100 amplitude in 31 @entity72 @entity1 and 39 healthy matched controls (8-12 years) and screened for differences between groups and within the @entity72 group. We did not find disturbances in auditory @entity2451 and N100 filtering in the group of @entity72 @entity1 as a whole, nor did we find abnormal @entity2451 and N100 amplitudes. However, the @entity2451 amplitude to the conditioning stimulus was significantly reduced in the Asperger subgroup compared to healthy controls. In contrast to what is usually reported for @entity1 with @entity161 , we found no evidence for @entity51 in our group of @entity72 @entity1 taken as a whole. However, reduced @entity2451 amplitude to conditioning stimuli was found in the Asperger group, which is similar to what has been described in some studies in @entity161 @entity1 . There was a positive correlation between the @entity2451 amplitude of the conditioning stimuli and @entity148 score in the @entity245 not otherwise specified group, which indicates a relation between @entity148 and sensory registration in this group. @entity2438 Res 2015.    2015 International Society for @entity2438 Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Normal @entity2451 Gating in @entity1 with @entity2438 , Yet Attenuated XXXX Amplitude in the Asperger Subcategory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['pervasive developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensory gating deficits']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'Autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity2451 :: (4790,Gene) :: ['P50']