abstract: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements from different manufacturers provide different @entity79 ( @entity79 ) values and derived T-scores and Z-scores. These differences result partly from technical differences in the algorithms for the determination of bone mineral content and bone area and partly from the use of different manufacturer-derived reference databases. The present study was to implement a uniform expression of @entity79 in all male @entity1 by using standardized @entity79 (sBMD) values and referring to a newly established national male reference sample. In 8 bone densitometry centers throughout Belgium 229 young healthy @entity1 were measured on Hologic (Bedford, MA) or GE-Lunar (Madison, WI) bone densitometers. Quality control procedures were implemented and site cross-calibration performed using the European Spine Phantom. Absolute @entity79 values were converted to standardized values by validated formulas (sBMD). Clinically acceptable between-center differences were noted. No discrepancy was observed in terms of mean sBMD and standard deviations at the lumbar spine and proximal femur between the Belgian and the US reference populations. Region-specific sBMD thresholds for the diagnosis of male @entity170 were calculated. The current data provide a basis to implement a nation-wide, uniform expression of @entity79 in male @entity1 and allow harmonization of the @entity79 -based diagnosis and treatment of @entity170 in @entity1 .

title: Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry-based assessment of male XXXX using standardized bone density values and a national reference database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Secondary @entity4999 and @entity21696 represent a common endocrine presentation. We report a case of an @entity2931 -producing @entity722 ( @entity722 ) of the ovary in a 16-year-old post-pubertal @entity1 with @entity4089 @entity4999 and @entity21696 which resolved following surgical resection of the @entity5 . This @entity1 presented with a 9-month history of secondary @entity4999 and a 2-month history of @entity21696 . Elevated serum prolactin at 7081mIU/l and suppressed gonadotropins (LH <0.1U/l; FSH <0.1U/l) were detected. Serum @entity53 was significantly elevated at 7442pmol/l with undetectable b- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin. MRI showed a bulky pituitary with no visible @entity652 . MRI of the abdomen showed a 4.8cm mass arising from the right ovary with no evidence of @entity3 . Serum inhibin B was elevated at 2735ng/l. A right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, and histology confirmed the diagnosis of a @entity722 , stage International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 1A. Immunohistochemical staining for prolactin was negative. Post-operatively, @entity2931 and prolactin levels were normalised, and she subsequently had a successful pregnancy. In summary, we present a case of an @entity2931 -secreting @entity722 with @entity4089 manifesting clinically with @entity21696 and secondary @entity4999 . We postulate that observed @entity4089 was caused by oestrogenic stimulation of pituitary lactotroph cells, a biochemical state analogous to pregnancy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of @entity4089 as a result of excessive @entity2931 production in the context of a @entity722 . LEARNING POINTS: @entity4089 with bilateral @entity21696 and secondary @entity4999 has a wide differential diagnosis and is not always caused by a prolactin secreting @entity977 .Significantly elevated serum @entity53 levels in the range seen in this case, in the absence of pregnancy, are indicative of an @entity2931 -secreting @entity5 .JGCTs are rare hormonally active @entity43 mostly secreting @entity479 hormones.Serum inhibin can be used as a granulosa cell-specific @entity5 marker.JGCTs have an excellent prognosis in the early stages of the disease.

title: XXXX of the ovary presenting with hyperprolactinaemic @entity4999 and @entity21696 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia', 'Hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['JGCT', 'juvenile granulosa cell tumour']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity21696 :: ('MESH:C535402', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhoea']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity722 :: (MESH:D006106,Disease) :: ['Juvenile granulosa cell tumour']


abstract: Stress hormones influence a wide range of cognitive functions, including memory performance and executive function. It is well established that glucocorticoids enhance memory consolidation but impair memory retrieval. While most of the effects have been attributed to glucocorticoid receptors (GR), the importance of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) has been also emphasized. Dysfunctions in @entity2339 have been reported for several @entity146 . While @entity308 ( @entity308 ) as well as @entity4225 ( @entity4225 ) seem to be characterized by enhanced @entity701 release in concert with a reduced feedback sensitivity of the @entity2339 , in @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) a contrary picture has been reported. Despite the fact that altered GR function has been discussed for these disorders only very few studies have investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on cognitive performance in these @entity1 so far. In a series of studies, we investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on cognition (i.e. declarative memory, working memory and response inhibition) in different @entity146 such as @entity308 , @entity1005 and @entity4225 . While in @entity1 with @entity308 @entity701 administration failed to effect memory retrieval, @entity1 with @entity1005 and @entity4225 showed enhanced rather than impaired memory retrieval after @entity701 administration. These results indicate an altered sensitivity to @entity701 in these disorders. Results from one of our recent studies in the field of social cognition underline the importance of the MR. We found that emotional empathy was enhanced through stimulation of the MR via @entity7842 in healthy @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity4225 . This review aims to integrate these findings and discuss potential mechanisms and implications.

title: Effects of XXXX on cognition in @entity308 , @entity1005 and @entity4225 - 2014 Curt Richter Award Winner.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) readmissions are a common and serious problem of heterogeneous etiology. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction has not been found to be a consistent risk marker. However, @entity1002 has been shown to predict outcomes in other settings, so the aim of this study was to determine the association of @entity1002 with 30-day @entity712 readmission, independent of and incremental to clinical and basic echocardiographic parameters. METHODS: A total of 468 @entity1 who underwent echocardiography at the time of the first admission for @entity712 from July 2009 to June 2012 were retrospectively studied. Clinical parameters were comprehensively assessed, and standard echocardiographic parameters and two strain parameters ( @entity6475 [ @entity6475 ] and global circumferential strain) were measured using speckle-tracking. @entity1 were followed for all-cause 30-day hospital readmission or @entity204 after discharge, and the associations of parameters with outcome were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Readmission within 30  days (n  = 92 @entity1 [20%]) was associated with greater impairment of LV @entity6475 (-8.6% [interquartile range, -10.9% to -5.9%] vs -11.1% [interquartile range, -14.6% to -7.7%], P  <  .01). The association of @entity6475 with readmission (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.19; P  <  .01) was independent of age, male gender, systolic blood pressure, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use, and comorbidity, as well as renal function, @entity1372 , hematocrit, LV mass, left atrial size, and @entity339 . Global circumferential strain was associated with outcome but not was independent after adjustment with echocardiographic parameters. In sequential models for 30-day outcome, @entity6475 added incremental information to clinical parameters and LV ejection fraction and significantly improved reclassification (categorical net reclassification improvement, 0.34; P  = .04) when LV ejection fraction was >50%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6475 is associated with @entity712 readmission, independent of and incremental to clinical and basic echocardiographic parameters.

title: Association of Left Ventricular Strain with 30-Day Mortality and Readmission in XXXX with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['global longitudinal strain', 'GLS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Weight loss significantly increases @entity14577 , but the effects of muscle strength change on weight-loss-associated @entity604 remain unclear. The study population, 587 peri- and postmenopausal @entity1 , was a random sample of the original Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study (OSTPRE) study cohort (n=14,220) in Kuopio, Finland. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (LS) and @entity2249 ( @entity2249 ) was measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry, and grip strength was measured with a pneumatic squeeze dynamometer at baseline in 1989-1991 and at the 10-year follow-up in 1999-2001. METHODS: @entity1 were divided into three groups according to change in age-grouped grip-strength quartile in both of the measurements: "decreased" (n=133), "maintained" (n=300), and "improved" (n=154). In addition, the study sample was divided into two groups according to weight change during the follow-up: weight losers (n=156) and @entity353 (n=431). RESULTS: There were no differences in the change status of grip (muscle) strength between the @entity353 and @entity1017 groups (p>0.500, Pearson chi-square test). @entity1 losing weight during the follow-up and within the improved grip-strength-change group had a significantly lower @entity604 rate compared with those in the maintained and decreased grip-strength-change groups (p<0.01 in comparison to the decreased group). This was in contrast to @entity1 who gained weight during the follow-up (not significant between any grip-strength-change groups). Furthermore, @entity1 who lost body weight and were in the improved grip-strength-change group had a @entity604 rate comparable with that of the @entity1 who gained body weight (not significant). This was in contrast to the maintained (p<0.05 between weight losers versus gainers in LS) and decreased grip-strength-change groups (p<0.01 weight losers versus gainers in LS and @entity2249 ). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that maintaining muscle strength may counteract @entity14577 related to @entity353 . Accordingly, exercise that improves muscle strength may be encouraged for postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity353 intentions for other health reasons.

title: Maintenance of muscle strength may counteract weight-loss-related XXXX --a population-based approach.

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck', 'FN']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight gainers', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bone loss']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity14577 :: (MESH:D015663,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal bone loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine @entity439 neck diameter change after endovascular repair (EVR) of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) and its relationship to stent-graft diameter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cases of 73 @entity1 with AAAs who underwent EVR were reviewed retrospectively: 68 had preoperative imaging available. Neck diameter was reviewed by a single observer (M.F.B.) on preoperative, immediate postoperative, annual, and most recent contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans. Baseline and follow-up neck diameters were compared with the manufacturers' values for unconstrained stent-graft diameters. RESULTS: Intraobserver error was 2 mm. @entity439 neck diameter increased from 21.8 mm (range, 17-28 mm) at baseline to 22.8 mm (range, 19-30 mm) postoperatively and 25.8 mm (range, 19-31 mm; P <.001) at a mean follow-up of 25.5 months (range, 6.2-60.8 mo). Neck diameter increase was more than 2 mm in 24 @entity1 (33%). Mean change in the first, second, third, and fourth years was +1.63 mm, +0.52 mm, +0.25 mm, and +0.33 mm, respectively. Baseline mean stent-graft oversizing was 2.9 mm (13.7%; range, -1 to +8 mm), which decreased to 0.7 mm (range, -4 to +6 mm) at latest follow-up. Neck diameter exceeded stent-graft diameter (mean, 1.8 mm; range, 1-4 mm) in 21 cases (28%) and by more than 2 mm in five cases (6.8%). When neck diameter change was correlated with change in sac diameter, it was found to be insignificant (P =.24); however, it was significantly correlated with baseline oversizing (P =.01). CONCLUSIONS: After EVR, the @entity439 neck dilates, mostly in the first 2 years, by greater than 2 mm in one third of @entity1 . This is possibly related to the presence of the endograft. The associated reduction of stent-graft oversizing warrants continued vigilance for proximal endoleak.

title: @entity439 neck diameter after endovascular repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The feasibility of the Ross procedure, and which @entity1 benefit most from its performance, have not yet been fully established. The study aim was to analyze the relationship between the etiology of @entity886 , the feasibility of performing the Ross procedure, and late pulmonary autograft performance. METHODS: Between June 1995 and June 2001, 117 @entity1 (77 males, 40 females; mean age 37+/-12 years) underwent the Ross procedure at the authors' institution. Of these @entity1 , 53 (45.3%) had severe @entity472 , 53 (45.3%) had significant @entity337 , four (3.4%) had active @entity884 , two (1.7%) had @entity475 , and five (4.3%) had prosthesis dysfunction. Eighty-one @entity1 (69%) had a @entity4503 . Pulmonary autograft dysfunction was defined as regurgitation grade > or =2, as registered by Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: The Ross procedure was successful in 100 @entity1 (85.5%); hospital mortality was 2.6% (n = 3). The procedure was not feasible in 17 @entity1 (14.5%); of these, seven had @entity338 , six had >3 mm multiple pulmonary valve fenestrations, three had severe @entity338 , and one @entity1 had dissection-related @entity651 . Twelve of 16 @entity1 presenting with @entity358 had @entity4503 (p = 0.04). At six-year follow up, the probability of not requiring reoperation was 93% (confidence interval 86-100%). During follow up (30+/-14 months; range: 2-72 months), six @entity1 presented with grade 2 pulmonary autograft insufficiency, three with grade 3, and two with grade 4. Six of the latter 11 @entity1 (p = 0.03) had a history of @entity4503 with @entity337 . Freedom from autograft dysfunction was 87% (confidence interval 82-92%). @entity1 with @entity4503 and @entity337 had a higher tendency towards autograft dysfunction than those with @entity4503 and @entity472 (65% versus 100%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: The feasibility of performing the Ross procedure is high, unless there is presence of @entity4503 . @entity1 with @entity4503 and a history of @entity337 tend to develop moderate autograft dysfunction during long-term follow up.

title: Feasibility of the ross procedure: its relationship with the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve injury']

entities_list: @entity475 :: ('MESH:C564793', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary insufficiency', 'bicuspid pulmonary valve']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve defects']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation', 'aortic valve regurgitation', 'aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity4503 :: (MESH:C562388,Disease) :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']


abstract: In @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ) irradiation, @entity1 are usually treated in the prone position with junctions between cranial and spinal fields. Collimator angle and @entity717 are introduced to obtain coplanar alignment of the matched junction. Furthermore, daily moving junctions are commonly used to feather out the junctional dose as additional safeguards to avoid radiation @entity602 . Helical tomotherapy integrates linear accelerator and CT technology capable of delivering @entity4681 treatment without geometric matches or feathering of junctions. The @entity1 is treated with helical beams in the supine position. Since @entity4681 is used mainly in the pediatric population, the potential increase in integral dose to structures or the whole body from linac- or tomotherapy-based IMRT raises concerns of increased rates of secondary @entity5 . In this study, we will present an integral dose comparison between conventional @entity4681 (3D) and helical delivery to the @entity4681 (TOMO) utilizing the Tomotherapy Hi-ART system for three pediatric @entity1 . Integral dose was calculated for organ at risk (OAR), two targets ( @entity343 -BRAIN and @entity343 -SPINE), entire planning CT data set and to the healthy tissue (entire CT-DATA SET minus the @entity343 ). Overall integral dose was 8% higher in the TOMO plans for @entity1 #1 and #3, but 2% lower in @entity1 #2. DVH analysis shows that TOMO plans give lower doses to larger volumes and higher doses to smaller volumes of tissue in all three cases. The advantages of the TOMO plans are minimization of matched junctions and better sparing of most OARs. With increased computational and memory power in the tomotherapy planning station, the excess integral dose to the healthy tissue can be re-distributed within the @entity1 and in turn the total integral dose can be same or lower than in conventional delivery. The impact of a small increase in overall integral dose and the associated risks of secondary @entity5 are unknown. Long-term follow-up is needed to answer this question.

title: Evaluation of integral XXXX ( @entity4681 ) irradiation with conventional and helical delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['cranio-spinal axis', 'CSA']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['pedestal rotations']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['dose in cranio-spinal axis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS) in @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Prospective, randomized, multicentre, single-blind study. SETTING: Twenty-one French @entity158 centres. @entity1 : Two hundred thirty-six consecutive adult @entity1 consulting for chronic @entity1643 , with or without @entity158 (mean age        standard deviation: 53        13 years; range: 28-86 years). INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either active (n   =   117) or sham (n   =   119) TENS in four 1-h daily treatment sessions for 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measured was improvement of functional status at 6 weeks (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire). Secondary outcome measures were improvement of functional status at 3 months, @entity158 relief (weekly visual analogue scale assessments), positive functional repercussions of @entity158 levels on quality of life, a diminution of the use of analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication, satisfaction with the overall treatment strategy and compliance. RESULTS: Functional status did not differ between the groups, whether at 6 weeks or 3 months (p   =   0.351 at 6 weeks). A significant improvement between the first and last visual analogue scale assessments was observed in @entity1 with either @entity158 alone or lumbar and @entity158 treated with active TENS. Other outcome measures did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: There was no functional benefit of TENS in the treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity1643 .

title: Value of TENS for relief of @entity1643 with or without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar pain', 'pain', 'radicular pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['radicular pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The complement system is a key component of innate immunity implicated in the neutralization and clearance of invading pathogens. Dextran coated superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) nanoparticle is a promising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. However, dextran SPIO has been associated with significant number of complement-related side effects in @entity1 and some agents have been discontinued from clinical use (e.g., Feridex   ). In order to improve the safety of these materials, the mechanisms of complement activation by dextran-coated SPIO and the differences between @entity19 and @entity1 need to be fully understood. METHODS: 20  kDa dextran coated SPIO nanoworms (SPIO NW) were synthesized using Molday precipitation procedure. In vitro measurements of C3 deposition on SPIO NW using sera genetically deficient for various components of the classical pathway (CP), lectin pathway (LP) or alternative pathway (AP) components were used to study mechanisms of @entity19 complement activation. In vitro measurements of fluid phase markers of complement activation C4d and Bb and the terminal pathway marker SC5b-C9 in normal and genetically deficient sera were used to study the mechanisms of @entity1 complement activation. @entity19 data were analyzed by non-paired t-test, @entity1 data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons with Student-Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS: In @entity19 sera, SPIO NW triggered the complement activation via the LP, whereas the AP contributes via the amplification loop. No involvement of the CP was observed. In @entity1 sera the LP together with the direct enhancement of the AP turnover was responsible for the complement activation. In two samples out of six healthy donors there was also a binding of anti-dextran antibodies and @entity13697 , suggesting activation via the CP, but that did not affect the total level of C3 deposition on the particles. CONCLUSIONS: There were important differences and similarities in the complement activation by SPIO NW in @entity19 versus @entity1 sera. Understanding the mechanisms of immune recognition of nanoparticles in @entity19 and @entity1 systems has important preclinical and clinical implications and could help design more efficient and safe nano-formulations.

title: Mechanisms of complement activation by dextran-coated superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) nanoworms in XXXX versus human serum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A femoral @entity616 (FNB) in combination with a sciatic @entity616 (SNB) is commonly used for anesthesia and @entity1337 in @entity1 undergoing hindfoot and ankle surgery. The effects of FNB on motor function, related fall risk, and rehabilitation are controversial. An adductor canal block (ACB) potentially spares motor fibers in the femoral nerve, but the comparative effect on hindfoot and ankle surgeries between the 2 approaches is not yet well defined. We hypothesized that compared to FNB, ACB would cause @entity425 and produce similar @entity158 scores during and after the operation. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 scheduled for hindfoot and ankle surgeries (arthroscopy, @entity924 , or medial ankle surgery) were stratified randomized for each surgery to receive an FNB (FNB group) or an ACB (ACB group) combined with an SNB. The primary outcome was the visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 score at each stage. Secondary outcomes included quadriceps strength, time profiles (duration of the block procedure, time to full anesthesia and time to full recovery), @entity1 ' analgesic requirements, satisfaction, and complications related to peripheral nerve blocks such as falls, @entity16 , and local anesthetic systemic @entity137 were evaluated. The primary outcome was tested for the noninferiority of ACB to FNB, and the other outcomes were tested for the superiority of each variable between the groups. RESULTS: A total of 31 @entity1 received an ACB and 29 received an FNB. The VAS @entity158 scores of the ACB group were not inferior during and after the operation compared to those of the FNB group. At 30 minutes and 2 hours after anesthesia, @entity1 who received an ACB had significantly higher average dynamometer readings than those who received a FNB (34.2  20.4 and 30.4  23.7 vs 1.7  3.7 and 2.3  7.4, respectively), and the results were similar at 24 and 48 hours after anesthesia. There were no differences between the 2 groups with regard to time profiles and @entity1 satisfaction. No complications were noted. CONCLUSION: ACB preserved quadriceps muscle strength better than FNB, without a significant difference in @entity282 . Therefore, ACB may be a good alternative to FNB for reducing the potential fall risk.

title: Adductor @entity616 combined with sciatic XXXX as an anesthetic technique for hindfoot and ankle surgery: A prospective, randomized noninferiority trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendon surgery']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['less weakness in the quadriceps']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['nerve block']


abstract: Parthenotes may represent an alternate ethical source of stem cells, once biological differences between parthenotes and embryos can be understood. In this study, we analyzed development, trophectoderm (TE) differentiation, apoptosis/ @entity39 , and ploidy in parthenotes and in vitro produced @entity291 embryos. Subsequently, using real-time PCR, we analyzed the expression of genes expected to underlie the observed differences at the blastocyst stage. In vitro matured oocytes were either fertilized or activated with @entity1360 + @entity20119 and cultured in simple medium. Parthenotes showed enhanced blastocyst development and diploidy and reduced TE cell counts. Apoptotic and @entity39 indexes did not vary, but parthenotes evidenced a higher relative proportion of apoptotic cells between inner cell mass and TE. The pluripotence-related @entity18820 and the methylation @entity28321 genes were downregulated in parthenotes. Among pregnancy recognition genes, @entity62869 was upregulated in parthenotes, while @entity45579 and @entity63845 did not change. Expression of p66(shc) and @entity28974 / @entity28072 ratio were higher, and p53 lower, in parthenotes. Among metabolism genes, @entity63846 was downregulated, while @entity63847 , @entity39979 , @entity63848 , and TXN were upregulated in parthenotes, and @entity63849 did not differ. Among genes involved in compaction/blastulation, @entity13509 was downregulated in parthenotes, but no differences were detected within @entity63850 and @entity13510 . Within parthenotes, the expression levels of @entity63846 , @entity62869 , and @entity63848 , and possibly @entity63847 , resemble patterns described in female embryos. The pro-apoptotic profile is more pronounced in parthenotes than in embryos, which may differ in their way to channel apoptotic stimuli, through p66(shc) and p53 respectively, and in their mechanisms to control pluripotency and de novo methylation.

title: Biological differences between in vitro produced XXXX embryos and parthenotes.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: In situ @entity7352 pulse labelling was used to measure the temporal and spatial @entity505 flow through an upland grassland. The label was delivered as @entity7352 - @entity515 to vegetation in three replicate plots in each of two treatments: control and lime addition. Harvests occurred over a two month period and samples were taken along transects away from the label delivery area. The @entity7352 concentration of shoot, root, bulk soil, and soil-respired @entity515 was measured. There was no difference in the biomass and @entity7352 concentration of shoot and root material for the control and lime treatments meaning that the amount of @entity7352 - @entity515 assimilated by the vegetation and translocated below ground was the same in both treatments. The @entity7352 concentration of the bulk soil was lower in the lime treatment than in the control and, conversely, the @entity7352 concentration of the soil-respired @entity515 was higher in the lime. Unlike the difference in bulk soil @entity7352 concentration between treatments, the difference in the @entity7352 concentration of the soil-respired @entity515 was obvious only at the delivery site and primarily within 1 d after labelling. An observed increase in the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi in the lime treatment was a possible cause for this faster @entity505 throughput. The potential key role of mycorrhizas in the soil @entity505 cycle is discussed. The importance of a better understanding of soil processes, especially biological ones, in relation to the global @entity505 cycle and environmental change is highlighted.

title: The speed of soil XXXX throughput in an upland grassland is increased by liming.

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: PURPOSE: Aseptic loosening of an implant after @entity2720 is still a major complication that results from @entity3564 . Fibroblasts in the interface membrane express @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) and stimulate osteoclast formation. Studies demonstrate that through the control of osteoclastic @entity604 @entity171 inhibit wear particle-induced bone resorption around total hip arthroplasty. The majority of bisphosphonates studies have focused on their effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Little attention has been paid to their action on fibroblasts. METHODS: We isolated fibroblasts from the interface membrane that was obtained when revision hip arthroplasty was performed because of @entity1349 . Fibroblasts were stimulated with @entity561 . @entity5298 and @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) assays were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and real time Reverse Transcription- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: We found that @entity561 stimulated @entity2159 mRNA and protein expression in a time and dose dependent manner. By contrast, @entity561 did not affect @entity5298 expression. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that @entity561 modulated @entity2159 production by fibroblasts from periprosthetic membrane, which may prove helpful for the inhibition of @entity604 during @entity1349 following @entity2720 .

title: XXXX stimulates @entity2159 expression in fibroblasts from periprosthetic membrane.

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand', 'RANKL']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total joint arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic osteolysis']

answer: @entity561 :: (MESH:D019386,Chemical) :: ['Alendronate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cytoplasmic members of the @entity1457 protein @entity2285 , family, inducible @entity1878 and constitutive HSC73, are known to protect cells and organisms against harmful factors including @entity63 , @entity130 , etc. The up-regulation of @entity2285 was shown to greatly increase resistance of myocardial cells in vitro as well as in transgenic animals. It seems reasonable to expect that in @entity1 undergoing open heart surgery cytoplasmic @entity2285 should play a protective role, reducing the risk of the @entity296 . METHODS: Using Western blotting, we determined levels of @entity1878 and HSC73 in myocardium and peripheral blood lymphocytes of 51 @entity1 with @entity301 . In all the cases, @entity2285 was detected in samples of the right atria before and after cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS: Induction of @entity1878 was observed in 40% of all @entity1 and correlated with the endurance of cardiopulmonary bypass and with disease duration in 33 @entity1 with @entity453 . The cardioprotective effect of the elevated pre-operational level of @entity1878 was shown to correlate with the lower activity of cardiospecific enzymes in the @entity301 @entity1 . The HSC73 level in the right atria did not depend on conditions of the open heart surgery, while in some cases, it was increased after bypass. No correlation has been found between preoperational content of @entity1878 /HSC73 in lymphocytes and its pre- or post-bypass content in myocardium. CONCLUSION: @entity1878 is implicated in cardioprotection in combination with some other factors, and its pre-operational level, among other parameters, might be of prognostic value.

title: @entity1457 proteins in cardiosurgery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial cell injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary and valvular diseases', 'coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5769 may be associated with @entity735 . The ophthalmologist's role involves both the diagnosis and management of their various ocular structural defects and management of the visual development. METHODS: All cases of @entity3066 referred to the Singapore National Eye Centre between July 1992 and July 1995 were assessed for the extent of the eyelid defect, associated @entity735 , status of the @entity267 , and any @entity3002 . RESULTS: Four @entity1 were tested during this period. The mean follow-up was 25 months (range, 16 to 30 months). All required surgical correction of their eyelid defects before 2 years of age. The @entity1 also had @entity2516 requiring @entity4457 management. Three of the babies also needed other surgical procedures. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3066 are a potential threat to vision at an early age and a significant cosmetic blemish later in life. Early surgical intervention is usually required when the defect is larger than one third of the eyelid margin. Close monitoring of the visual development of @entity1 with @entity3066 is also essential since the risk of @entity4457 in these @entity1 is high.

title: XXXX : management and visual outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5769 :: ('MESH:C565051', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital upper lid colobomas']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['systemic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular anomalies', 'ocular and systemic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3066 :: ('MESH:D005141', 'Disease') :: ['congenital upper eyelid colobomas', 'congenital eyelid colobomas', 'Congenital upper eyelid colobomas']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity5769 :: (MESH:C565051,Disease) :: ['Congenital upper lid colobomas']


abstract: Early hearing deprivation could affect the development of auditory, language, and vision ability. Insufficient or no stimulation of the auditory cortex during the sensitive periods of plasticity could affect the function of hearing, language, and vision development. Twenty-three infants with congenital severe @entity1274 (CSSHL) and 17 age and sex matched normal hearing subjects were recruited. The @entity4365 ( @entity4365 ) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) of the auditory, language, and vision related brain areas were compared between deaf infants and normal subjects. Compared with normal hearing subjects, decreased @entity4365 and ReHo were observed in auditory and language-related cortex. Increased @entity4365 and ReHo were observed in vision related cortex, which suggest that hearing and language function were @entity227 was enhanced due to the loss of hearing. @entity4365 of left Brodmann area 45 (BA45) was negatively correlated with deaf duration in infants with CSSHL. @entity4365 of right BA39 was positively correlated with deaf duration in infants with CSSHL. In conclusion, @entity4365 and ReHo can reflect the abnormal brain function in language, auditory, and visual information processing in infants with CSSHL. This demonstrates that the development of auditory, language, and vision processing function has been affected by congenital severe @entity1274 before 4 years of age.

title: Altered Brain Functional Activity in Infants with Congenital Bilateral Severe XXXX : A Resting-State Functional MRI Study under Sedation.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impaired and vision function']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['amplitude of low frequency fluctuations', 'ALFF']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['Sensorineural Hearing Loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of treating acute @entity741 damages depends, to a large extent, on the development of technologies for predicting their course and outcome. The aim of this paper was to explore whether it would be possible to consider the content of free circulating mitochondrial DNA as a danger-associated molecular pattern for assessing the probability of @entity204 from @entity583 . METHODS: We have analyzed the clinical outcomes based on discharge summaries and autopsy reports obtained in the course of the PROTOCOL observational trial. This study was approved by the Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology ethics committee (protocol No. 3, 10.08.2015). To examine whether the assessment of the level of free circulating mtDNA in @entity1187 can help predicting clinical outcomes, all @entity1 were divided into two groups: group 1, involving those who survived during 30  days after hospitalization, and group 2, involving those who died during this time. A quantitative analysis of the free circulating mtDNA was conducted using the PCR method in situ. RESULTS: The analysis showed that  in @entity1 who survived the level of freely circulating mtDNA (36.0  copies/ml) was 164 times lower than in those who died (5900  copies/ml, p  =  0.049). It should be mentioned that according to the logistic regression analysis, the probability of @entity204 of @entity1 with the increased level of blood plasma mtDNA (more than 4000  copies/ml) is 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the PROTOCOL observational trial proved that the increase in the content of free circulating mtDNA in blood is a predictor of lethal outcome in @entity1 with @entity1187 . Trial registration The observational studies (those in which the assignment of the medical intervention is not at the discretion of the investigator) do not require registration.

title: The level of free circulating mitochondrial DNA in blood as predictor of @entity204 in case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The identification of @entity1 with metastatic triple-negative @entity0 (mTNBC) who are expected to benefit from @entity902 -based chemotherapy is of interest. We conducted a single-arm phase II clinical trial of single-agent @entity902 for mTNBC with biomarker correlates. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with mTNBC received first- or second-line @entity900 (75 mg/m(2)) or @entity3003 (area under the concentration-time curve 6) by physician's choice once every 3 weeks. Coprimary end points were objective response rate (RR) and response prediction by @entity4206 / @entity9486 gene expression. Secondary and exploratory end points included @entity137 assessment, RR in @entity900 versus @entity3003 , and RR in molecularly defined subgroups, including @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers. RESULTS: @entity1 (N = 86; 69 as first-line therapy) received @entity900 (n = 43) or @entity3003 (n = 43). RR was 25.6% (95% CI, 16.8% to 36%) and was numerically higher with @entity900 (32.6%) than with @entity3003 (18.7%). RR was 54.5% in @entity1 with germline @entity5345 /2 mutations (n = 11). In @entity1 without @entity5345 /2 mutations (n = 66), exploratory analyses showed that a BRCA-like genomic instability signature (n = 32) discriminated responding and nonresponding @entity5 (mean homologous recombination deficiency-loss of heterozygosity/homologous recombination deficiency-large-scale state transitions [HRD-LOH/HRD-LST] scores were 12.68 and 5.11, respectively), whereas predefined analysis by @entity4206 / @entity9486 expression status (n = 61), @entity876 and @entity10160 mutation status (n = 53), or PAM50 gene expression subtype (n = 55) did not. Five of the six long-term responders alive at a median of 4.5 years lacked germline @entity6069 mutations, and two of them had @entity14725 . CONCLUSION: @entity902 agents are active in mTNBC, especially in @entity1 with germline @entity6069 mutations. A measure of @entity5 DNA repair function may identify @entity1 without mutations who could benefit from @entity902 therapy agents. Prospective controlled confirmatory trials are warranted.

title: TBCRC009: A Multicenter Phase II Clinical Trial of @entity902 Monotherapy With Biomarker Assessment in Metastatic Triple-Negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14725 :: ('MESH:C537157', 'Disease') :: ['increased tumor HRD-LOH/HRD-LST scores']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Uterine fibroids often require a hysterectomy or myomectomy via laparotomy or laparoscopy. Morcellation is often necessary to perform a laparoscopic surgery. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of unexpected uterine @entity242 (UUSs) after hysterectomy and myomectomy for uterine fibroids and to reduce the occurrence and avoid the morcellation of UUSs by analyzing their characteristics. METHODS: @entity1 who had a hysterectomy or myomectomy for uterine fibroids in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between November 2008 and November 2014 were selected for the study, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: During the period, 48 UUSs were found in 10,248 cases, and the overall incidence was 0.47%. There was no statistical difference (P=0.449) regarding the incidence (0.50% vs 0.33%) between 42 UUSs in 8,456 cases undergoing laparotomy and six UUSs in 1,792 cases undergoing laparoscopy. Most of the UUSs were stage I (89.58%), which occurred more commonly (56.25%) in @entity1 aged 40-49. Abnormal uterine bleeding (39.58%) was the main clinical manifestation. Rapidly growing pelvic masses (12.5%), rich blood flow signals (18.75%), and @entity528 (18.75%) prompted by ultrasonography may suggest the possibility of UUSs. The margins of most UUSs (93.75%) were regular, which may cause UUSs to be misdiagnosed as uterine fibroids. Fifteen cases underwent magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Approximately 73.33% showed heterogeneous and hypointense signal intensity on T1-weighted images, and 80% showed intermediate-to-high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, with @entity39 and @entity548 in 40% of cases. After contrast administration, 80% presented early heterogeneous enhancement. CONCLUSION: The incidence of UUSs after hysterectomy and myomectomy for uterine fibroids was low, and their clinical characteristics are atypical. It is necessary and very critical to make a complete and cautious preoperative evaluation to reduce the occurrence and avoid the morcellation of UUSs.

title: Incidence and clinical characteristics of unexpected uterine XXXX after hysterectomy and myomectomy for uterine fibroids: a retrospective study of 10,248 cases.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of uterine fibroids']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated @entity1 and treatment parameters correlated with development of @entity1315 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: This was a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 66 @entity1 treated for skull base @entity3580 , @entity511 , @entity2347 , or sinonasal malignancies between 2005 and 2012, who had at least 6  months of clinical and radiographic follow-up. The median radiation dose was 75.6  Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]). Analyzed factors included gender, age, @entity101 , @entity6 , smoking status, use of chemotherapy, and the absolute dose:volume data for both the right and left temporal lobes, considered separately. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression analysis evaluated potential predictors of radiation @entity39 , and the median effective concentration (EC50) model estimated dose-volume parameters associated with radiation @entity39 . RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 31  months (range 6-96  months) and was 34  months in @entity1 who were alive. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall survival at 3  years was 84.9%. The 3-year estimate of any grade @entity1315 was 12.4%, and for grade 2 or higher radiation @entity39 was 5.7%. On multivariate GEE, only dose-volume relationships were associated with the risk of radiation @entity39 . In the EC50 model, all dose levels from 10 to 70  Gy (RBE) were highly correlated with radiation @entity39 , with a 15% 3-year risk of any-grade @entity1315 when the absolute volume of a temporal lobe receiving 60  Gy (RBE) (aV60) exceeded 5.5  cm(3), or aV70  >  1.7  cm(3). CONCLUSIONS: Dose-volume parameters are highly correlated with the risk of developing @entity1315 . In this study the risk of radiation @entity39 increased sharply when the temporal lobe aV60 exceeded 5.5  cm(3) or aV70  >  1.7  cm(3). Treatment planning goals should include constraints on the volume of temporal lobes receiving higher dose. The EC50 model provides suggested dose-volume temporal lobe constraints for conventionally fractionated high-dose skull base radiation therapy.

title: Dose-volume relationships associated with XXXX after skull base proton beam therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe radiation necrosis']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe radiation necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the proportion of @entity309 @entity1 who discontinued biologics in world registries and health care databases and to identify causes and predictors of discontinuation. METHODS: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science electronic databases and ACR and EULAR meeting abstracts were used. The selection of studies from world registries and health care databases including @entity309 @entity1 treated with biologics was independently performed. Data extracted from articles and abstracts were combined using a random effects model. Meta-analyses of percentages and hazard ratios were used to assess discontinuation. RESULTS: Ninety-eight studies with >200 000 @entity1 from 11 242 articles and 119 abstracts met the inclusion criteria. Overall discontinuation rates of TNF inhibitors at 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 years were 21, 27, 37, 44 and 52%, respectively. Discontinuation of etanercept was significantly lower at 3 and 4 years (35% and 41%, respectively) than infliximab and adalimumab (46% and 52%, respectively). Predictors of time to discontinuation were etanercept [hazard ratios (HRs) 0.58 and 0.77 versus infliximab and adalimumab, respectively), concomitant use of DMARDs (HR 0.77), disease duration (HR 1.01) and female sex (HR 1.18). Studies from registries conducted after 2005 and from countries with lower biologics access showed higher percentages of discontinuation. Relevant data on abatacept and tocilizumab were missing. CONCLUSION: In @entity309 , treatment with etanercept has a lower percentage of discontinuation than infliximab and adalimumab. Concomitant use of DMARDs, disease duration before treatment with a biologic and female sex predict time to discontinuation.

title: Rate of discontinuation and drug survival of biologic therapies in XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of drug registries and health care databases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chest radiographs (X-rays) are frequently obtained on @entity1 with @entity565 exacerbations who remain hypoxemic after therapy even though their utility has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To compare X-rays in hypoxemic and non-hypoxemic @entity748 @entity1 . METHODS: Over 21 months, X-rays were obtained on all persistently hypoxemic @entity748 (1-17 years, @entity26 saturation <93% in room air), and some non-hypoxemic @entity748 . A pediatric radiologist blinded to the @entity1 ' symptoms evaluated each X-ray for lung size, extravascular lung fluid, and @entity891 . Clinical outcomes including duration of @entity519 , length of hospital stay, and admission to the PICU were assessed through chart audit after hospital discharge. RESULTS: A total of 445 @entity1 were enrolled and stratified into four groups based on initial and post-treatment pulse oximetry measurements. Hypoxemic groups I and II were more likely to have large or small lungs ( P<0.05), severe interstitial fluid ( P<0.01), and @entity891 ( P<0.01) compared to non-hypoxemic group IV. Group I was more likely to have fluid in the alveolar space compared to all other groups ( P<0.01). Within hypoxemic group I, there was no association between any radiographic findings and our clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Large or small lung sizes, extravascular fluid, and @entity891 were more common in the X-rays of hypoxemic @entity748 .

title: What can we learn from chest radiographs in hypoxemic XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatics']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although associations between snoring and @entity65 have been reported in several prospective studies, there is limited evidence from Asian populations. The objective of this study was to determine if there is an association between self-reported snoring frequency and the incidence of @entity65 in Japanese. METHODS: The subjects were 2350 @entity1 and 4163 @entity1 aged 40 to 69 years who lived in 3 communities in Japan. All subjects were @entity1 in the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS) and were followed for 6 years. Incidence of @entity65 during the follow-up period comprised events of @entity583 , @entity951 , @entity1164 and @entity64 . RESULTS: During the 6-year follow-up period, 97 @entity1 (56 @entity1 and 41 @entity1 ) had @entity65 . After adjustment for potential confounding factors, self-reported snoring frequency was associated with an increased risk of @entity65 among @entity1 but not @entity1 . The hazard ratios (95% CI) for @entity65 were 0.9 (0.4-2.0) for sometimes snoring and 2.5 (1.0-6.1) for everyday snoring in @entity1 and 0.7 (0.3-1.3) and 1.0 (0.5-2.1), respectively, in @entity1 . Further adjustment for body mass index attenuated the association in @entity1 ; the respective hazard ratios for @entity65 were 0.9 (0.4-1.9) and 2.1 (0.9-5.4). CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported habitual snoring was associated with increased risk of @entity65 among Japanese @entity1 . Overweight may partly mediate this association.

title: Self-reported snoring frequency and incidence of XXXX : the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 who had a @entity101 ( @entity101 ) have elevated @entity414 concentrations decades after pregnancy as compared with @entity1 who had normotensive pregnancies. @entity1 AND METHODS: The Genetic Epidemiology Network of @entity4065 study measured @entity414 concentrations in Hispanic (30%), non-Hispanic white (28%), and @entity7864 (42%) @entity1 (mean age, 60    10 years). This cross-sectional study was conducted between July 1, 2000, and December 31, 2004. Hispanic @entity1 were recruited from families with high rates of @entity6 , whereas non-Hispanic @entity1 were recruited from families with high rates of @entity101 . This analysis compared @entity414 concentrations in @entity1 with a history of normotensive (n = 1846) or @entity101 (n = 408) pregnancies by logistic regression. RESULTS: @entity1 who had an @entity101 had higher @entity414 concentrations (median, 5.7 mg/dL vs 5.3 mg/dL; P < .001) and were more likely to have @entity414 concentrations above 5.5 mg/dL (54.4% vs 42.4%; P = .001) than were @entity1 who had normotensive pregnancies. These differences persisted after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and other factors that affect @entity414 concentrations. A family-based subgroup analysis comparing @entity414 concentrations in @entity1 who had an @entity101 (n = 308) and their parous sisters who had normotensive pregnancies (n = 250) gave similar results (median @entity414 concentrations, 5.7 mg/dL vs 5.2 mg/dL, P = 0.02; proportion of @entity1 with @entity414 concentrations > 5.5 mg/dL, 54.0% vs 40.3%, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Decades after pregnancy, @entity1 who had an @entity101 have higher @entity414 concentrations. This effect does not appear to be explained by a familial predisposition to elevated @entity414 concentrations.

title: @entity414 : A Missing Link Between XXXX and Future Cardiovascular Disease?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic black']

entities_list: @entity4065 :: ('MESH:C537440', 'Disease') :: ['Arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive pregnancy disorder', 'hypertension', 'HPD', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders']


abstract: Our previous reports have demonstrated frequent and strong expression of glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) activity mainly in the cytoplasm of @entity356 . Although previous studies have suggested the phosphorylase glycosyltransferase system to be in the nucleus from enzyme histochemical analyses, intranuclear localization of the phosphorylase has not been fully established. The aims of the present study are to investigate the nuclear localization of glycogen phosphorylase and to identify the isoform of phosphorylase in the nucleus of @entity1820 . The activity of glycogen phosphorylase in @entity189 cells corresponding to the nucleus was demonstrated using enzyme cytochemical analysis. The phosphorylase activity coincided with localization revealed by immunocytochemistry using affinity-purified specific anti-human brain-type glycogen phosphorylase antibody. The isoform expressed in the nuclei of @entity189 cells was identified as being only the brain type according to a polymerase chain reaction-based assay using RNA obtained from @entity356 cells and primers specific to muscle, liver and brain types of glycogen phosphorylase. The intranuclear localization of the brain-type isoform was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopical analyses. Further investigation to examine the nuclear localization in @entity1 @entity189 tissue (145 and 25 specimens with @entity356 respectively) was carried out by immunohistochemistry using specific anti-brain-type antibody. Nuclear immunostaining was observed in seven cases out of 145 @entity356 . The present study is the first to clarify the nuclear localization of glycogen phosphorylase with enzymatic activity in @entity1820 . The isoform of the enzyme expressed in the @entity189 was identified as the brain type. These results warrant further studies on the mechanisms for transporting the large molecule of brain-type glycogen phosphorylase to nuclei and its function in the nucleus of @entity189 cells.

title: Nuclear localization of brain-type glycogen phosphorylase in some XXXX .

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric and colonic carcinoma']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal carcinoma']


abstract: The development of @entity1294 peripheral @entity455 following balloon catheter and mechanical @entity1949 of the arterial myointima combined with an atherogenic diet was studied in a @entity235 model. The ileofemoral arteries of five mongrel @entity235 (mean wt 22 +/- 2 kg) were selectively cannulated and subjected to balloon catheter and mechanical myointimal @entity130 and transverse shearing forces. Twenty grams of hydrogenated coconut oil and a 5.0% @entity165 diet were fed to the animals daily during the study period. Followup angiographic studies obtained at 4 weeks (n = 2), 10 weeks (n = 3), 16 weeks (n = 3), and 24 weeks (n = 2) demonstrated changes of progressive @entity8901 . Concurrent duplex Doppler studies correlated well with the angiographic results. At 10 (n = 1), 18 (n = 2), and 24 (n = 2) weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the vessels were perfusion-fixed in situ with 2% @entity3584 or @entity406 solutions and excised. Histological examination demonstrated extensive @entity1294 changes including (i) @entity1949 and reduplication of the internal elastic membrane, (ii) @entity1373 with fibroblastic proliferation including the development of fibrous intimal plaques, and (iii) transmigration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells with scattered monohistiocytes. The specimens showed a range of stenotic changes from 25% to total occlusion of the vascular lumen. These preliminary data demonstrate the feasibility of providing intense @entity1294 myointimal histologic changes in the @entity235 peripheral vasculature within a 24-week period. Further refinement of this methodology may provide a practical model for studies of localized peripheral @entity432 .

title: @entity235 peripheral @entity455 following myointimal XXXX and atherogenic diet.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['myointimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity8901 :: ('MESH:C564658', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury by repeated longitudinal']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['fragmentation']


abstract: @entity172 limits in vitro neuron death induced by application of beta-amyloid, the cytotoxic peptide linked to @entity195 . However, the ability of @entity172 to protect neurons and preserve cognitive function in vivo following exposure to beta-amyloid has not been demonstrated. Our objective was to evaluate the potential of @entity172 to reduce spatial working @entity2414 in female @entity35 induced by administration of a @entity2359 form of beta-amyloid in combination with the excitotoxin, @entity4326 . The interaction of beta-amyloid with excitotoxic factors may underlie @entity73 associated with @entity195 . Therefore, to create an experimental model typical of early @entity195 a low dose of @entity4326 was administered with beta-amyloid into the dorsal hippocampus. Ovariectomized @entity35 were implanted subcutaneously with Silastic capsules that produce physiological levels of @entity53 10 days before bilateral intrahippocampal injections of aggregated beta-amyloid (1-42) and @entity4326 . Capsules remained in situ throughout behavioral testing. When tested 3-10 weeks after neurotoxin treatment, females without @entity172 capsules exhibited delay-dependent @entity73 performance on a water maze and a radial arm maze. Females treated with @entity172 and combined @entity2414 performance comparable to unlesioned females on both tasks. Neurotoxin treatment increased immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein but this measure was unaffected by @entity53 treatment indicating that @entity172 did not limit glial proliferation. Results indicate that @entity172 prevented @entity2414 induced by neurotoxin treatments intended to mimic the pathology of early @entity195 .

title: The effects of chronic @entity53 treatment on working @entity2414 induced by combined infusion of beta-amyloid (1-42) and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'impairments in working memory']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', '17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4326 :: ('MESH:D007051', 'Chemical') :: ['ibotenic acid']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxins displayed working memory', 'deficits in spatial working memory', 'memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity4326 :: (MESH:D007051,Chemical) :: ['ibotenic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with previously untreated @entity817 @entity8554 mutation-positive @entity320 in BREAK-3 showed a median overall survival (OS) of 18.2 months for @entity5458 versus 15.6 months for @entity2699 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-1.21). Because @entity1 receiving @entity2699 were allowed to switch to @entity5458 at disease progression, we attempted to adjust for the confounding effects on OS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rank preserving structural failure time models (RPSFTMs) and the iterative parameter estimation (IPE) algorithm were used. Two analyses, "treatment group" (assumes treatment effect could continue until @entity204 ) and "on-treatment observed" (assumes treatment effect disappears with discontinuation), were used to test the assumptions around the durability of the treatment effect. RESULTS: A total of 36 of 63 @entity1 (57%) receiving @entity2699 switched to @entity5458 . The adjusted OS HRs ranged from 0.50 to 0.55, depending on the analysis. The RPSFTM and IPE "treatment group" and "on-treatment observed" analyses performed similarly well. CONCLUSION: RPSFTM and IPE analyses resulted in point estimates for the OS HR that indicate a substantial increase in the treatment effect compared with the unadjusted OS HR of 0.76. The results are uncertain because of the assumptions associated with the adjustment methods. The confidence intervals continued to cross 1.00; thus, the adjusted estimates did not provide statistically significant evidence of a treatment benefit on survival. However, it is clear that a standard intention-to-treat analysis will be confounded in the presence of treatment switching-a reliance on unadjusted analyses could lead to inappropriate practice. Adjustment analyses provide useful additional information on the estimated treatment effects to inform decision making.

title: Adjusting for the Confounding Effects of Treatment Switching-The BREAK-3 Trial: @entity5458 Versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5458 :: ('MESH:C561627', 'Chemical') :: ['dabrafenib']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity2699 :: (MESH:D003606,Chemical) :: ['Dacarbazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This prospective, longitudinal study examined fear of @entity5 recurrence (FCR) among @entity0 survivors having mammograms. FCR was hypothesized to increase prior to the mammogram, decrease from immediately pre- to immediately post-mammogram with negative results, and then increase following the mammogram. The possible presence of different trajectories of FCR was also examined. Based on the cognitive-behavioral model (CBM) of health anxiety, greater perceived risk of recurrence, worse perceived consequences of recurrence, lower treatment efficacy beliefs, lower coping self-efficacy, and more engagement in reassurance-seeking behaviors were hypothesized to be associated with greater FCR across all study time points. METHODS: Following treatment completion for Stage 0-IIIA @entity0 , 161 @entity1 completed the following measures: perceived risk and perceived consequences of recurrence, treatment efficacy beliefs, coping self-efficacy, and reassurance-seeking behaviors. @entity1 reported FCR at 3 time points before and 3 after the mammogram. Growth curve analysis was used to test for changes in FCR over time and growth mixture modeling examined different trajectories in FCR and the ability of the CBM to predict these trajectories. RESULTS: As hypothesized, FCR significantly changed over time; scores increased prior to the mammogram, decreased immediately following receipt of negative mammography results, and increased during the month following the mammogram. Growth mixture models revealed 2 classes, higher-FCR and lower-FCR, which were predicted by the CBM. CONCLUSIONS: These study findings support the use of the CBM in predicting which @entity5 survivors experience greater FCR and indicates that CBM-driven interventions may prove beneficial for reducing distressing FCR. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Predictors and patterns of fear of XXXX recurrence in @entity0 survivors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An Universal Stress Protein (USP) expressed under acid stress condition by @entity16085 @entity16085 was investigated. The USP was up-regulated not only in the stationary phase but also during the exponential growth phase. The three dimensional (3D) structure of USP was predicted using a combined proteomic and bioinformatics approach. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the USP from Listeria detected in our study was distant from the USPs of other bacteria (such as Pseudomonas spp., @entity526 , @entity5746 spp.) and clustered in a separate and heterogeneous class including several USPs from Listeria spp. and Lactobacillus spp. An important information on the studied USP was obtained from the 3D-structure established through the homology modeling procedure. In detail, the Model_USP-691 suggested that the investigated USP had a homo-tetrameric quaternary structure. Each monomer presented an architecture analogous to the Rossmann-like a/b-fold with five parallel b-strands, and four a-helices. The analysis of monomer-monomer interfaces and quality of the structure alignments confirmed the model reliability. In fact, the structurally and sequentially conserved hydrophobic residues of the b-strand 5 (in particular the residues V(146) and V(148)) were involved in the inter-chains contact. Moreover, the highly conserved residues I(139) and H(141) in the region a4 were involved in the dimer association and functioned as hot spots into monomer-monomer interface assembly. The hypothetical assembly of dimers was also supported by the large interface area and by the negative value of solvation free energy gain upon interface interaction. Finally, the structurally conserved @entity855 -binding motif G-2X-G-9X-G(S/T-N) suggested for a putative role of @entity855 in stabilizing the tetrameric assembly of the USP. Therefore, the results obtained from a multiple approach, consisting in the application of kinetic, proteomic, phylogenetic and modeling analyses, suggest that Listeria USP could be considered a new type of @entity855 -binding USP involved in the response to acid stress condition during the exponential growth phase.

title: Homology-Based Modeling of Universal Stress Protein from XXXX Up-Regulated under Acid Stress Conditions.

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity16085 :: (1642,Species) :: ['Listeria innocua']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative @entity3472 (POPF) is a major complication after pancreatic surgery and results from an @entity660 . Whether perioperative hemodynamic fluid management aiming to provide an adequate tissue perfusion could influence the occurrence of POPF is unknown. Serum lactate level is a well-recognized marker of decreased tissue perfusion and is known to be associated with higher morbidity and mortality in various postoperative settings. We aimed to determine in a retrospective high-volume center's cohort whether postoperative @entity8770 could predict POPF occurrence. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 96 consecutive @entity1 admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) after pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy. Univariate analysis was conducted to compare @entity880 levels at 6  h between @entity1 evolving with versus without POPF. A logistic regression model was developed and included potential confounding factors. RESULTS: POPF occurred in 28 patients (29  %). Serum lactate level 6  h after admission was significantly higher in the POPF group (2.8  mmol/L [95  % confidence interval (CI): 2.1-3.5] versus 1.8  mmol/L [95  % CI: 1.8-2.4], p-value   =   0.04) whereas it did not differ at ICU admission or at 12  h. Despite similar cumulative fluid balance, fluid intake and vasopressor use, @entity8770   >   2.5  mmol/L (Odds ratio (OR): 3.58; 95  % CI: 1.22-10.48; p-value   =   0.020) and red blood cells transfusion (OR: 1.24; 95  % CI: 1.03-1.49; p-value   =   0.022) were found to be independent predictive factors of POPF occurrence. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 undergoing partial pancreatectomy, @entity8770 measured 6  h after ICU admission is a predictive factor for the occurrence of POPF. Inflammatory changes after surgery may account for this observation and should be further evaluated.

title: Early @entity8770 predicts XXXX after surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8770 :: ('MESH:D065906', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlactatemia']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['impaired healing of the pancreatic enteric anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity3472 :: (MESH:D010185,Disease) :: ['pancreatic fistula']


abstract: A total of 50 @entity320 @entity1 free of distant metastatic disease and 54 healthy controls were analyzed for circulating immune complexes (cIC) and complement split product ( @entity8428 ), using solid-phase Clq-anti-IgG radioimmunoassay (RIA), Clq-protein A RIA, and anti- @entity8428 anti-IgG RIA for cIC detection. No significant differences in cIC and @entity8428 levels could be demonstrated between the controls and the 31 @entity1 with primary @entity320 analyzed before surgery. To evaluate the prognostic value of serial measurements, samples from the 50 @entity1 were taken at regular intervals for 4 to 27 months (median, 20 months). Surgery was the only treatment given. Significant changes in the cIC and @entity8428 levels were defined by reference to the changes that occurred in 23 of the 54 healthy controls observed for a period of 6 to 55 months (median, 23 months). During the period of serial sampling, recurrent disease developed in 8 of the @entity1 . In only 3 of these 8 @entity1 (versus 10 of 42 @entity1 without recurrence) did significant changes occur, and the changes occurred either at the same time or after the clinical diagnosis of recurrence. During the entire clinical observation period of 6 years, a total of 11 @entity1 developed recurrences. Significant changes were only observed in 4 of these 11 @entity1 versus 8 of 37 @entity1 without recurrence. In conclusion, changes in cIC and/or @entity8428 levels were not found to be indicative of early or long-term recurrence of @entity320 .

title: Prognostic value of serial determinations of circulating immune complex levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma', 'melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence and level of binocular function in @entity1 with unilateral congenital or very early infantile @entity231 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all @entity1 with unilateral congenital or very early infantile @entity231 who underwent operation before 4 months of age, at the W. K. Kellogg Eye Center/University of Michigan Hospitals, from 1985 to 1995. @entity4457 was treated with a reduced patching schedule consisting of 1 hour per day per month of age for the first 6 months of life, in an attempt to improve binocular function by allowing more hours of binocular interaction during the presumed critical period for development of binocular cortical pathways. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Seven @entity1 had persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) @entity231 and 6 had non-PHPV @entity231 . Overall, visual acuity of 20/80 or better developed in 69% of @entity1 ; 100% of eyes with non-PHPV @entity231 achieved visual acuity of 20/60 or better. Stereopsis of 400 arc seconds or better was detectable in 62% of @entity1 , including 3 with PHPV @entity231 and 3 who required strabismus surgery in the first year of life. Three @entity1 had better than 150 arc seconds of stereopsis. The incidence of large-angle strabismus was 54%. CONCLUSIONS: Binocular cooperation, including gross and fine stereopsis, can develop in @entity1 with unilateral @entity4118 as a result of early removal of infantile @entity231 . A less-strenuous patching schedule than has been historically advocated may foster this process, while restoring and maintaining good central visual acuity in @entity1 with excellent compliance with contact lens and occlusion regimens.

title: Stereopsis and binocular vision after surgery for unilateral infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['Amblyopia']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Weill Cornell Medical College (WCMC) @entity158 Registry database contains @entity1 characteristics, treatments, and outcomes for a prospective cohort of 1159 @entity1118 @entity1 who were seen at the WCMC @entity158 Medicine outpatient clinic from 7/08/2011 to 12/10/2014. @entity1 aged 45-64 comprised 43% followed by age >=65 at 37%. Fifty-eight percent were female. Average @entity158 intensity (Brief @entity158 Inventory) was reported as mild by 22.3% of @entity1 , moderate by 34.7%, and severe by 43.0%. For each @entity158 intensity category, @entity1 's report of average percent @entity158 relief and health state (EQ-5D) was inversely related to average @entity158 intensity category, while measures of @entity158 interference, number of @entity158 locations, and physical and @entity458 were directly related to @entity158 intensity category. Seventy-seven percent of @entity1 received an opioid at one or more clinic encounters. Median daily opioid dose in @entity1286 equivalents (MEQs) was 55 with a range from 2 to 1145 MEQs. Regression analysis revealed that being male was associated with greater likelihood of an opioid ordered and higher average dosage than being female. The registry can identify @entity1 characteristics and treatments that provide new insights into @entity1118 management. PERSPECTIVE: This article describes results of analyses of @entity1 -reported outcomes and @entity1 -related electronic health record data collected under standard of care from a prospective cohort of @entity1118 outpatients at a @entity158 management clinic. The registry provides an opportunity to learn how to improve individualized @entity1118 management.

title: XXXX -Reported Outcomes and Opioid Use In Outpatients with @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'NYC pain', 'pain', 'worst pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Deficits in motor-cognitive dual tasks (eg, walking while talking) are common in individuals with neurologic conditions. This review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of motor-cognitive dual-task training (DTT) compared with usual care on mobility and cognition in individuals with @entity16 . METHODS: Databases searched were Biosis, CINAHL, ERIC, PsychInfo, EBSCO Psychological _ Behavioral, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge. Eligibility criteria were studies of adults with @entity16 that included DTT, and outcomes of gait or balance were included. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria. @entity1 were subjects with @entity1545 , @entity191 ( @entity191 ), and @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Intervention protocols included cued @entity73 paired with gait, balance, and strength training and virtual reality or gaming. Quality of the included trials was evaluated with a standardized rating scale of clinical relevance. RESULTS: Results show that DTT improves single-task gait velocity and stride length in subjects with @entity191 and @entity195 , dual-task gait velocity and stride length in subjects with @entity191 , @entity195 , and @entity1545 , and may improve balance and cognition in those with @entity191 and @entity195 . The inclusion criteria of the studies reviewed limited the diagnostic groups included. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: While the range of training protocols and outcome assessments in available studies limited comparison of the results across studies motor-cognitive @entity51 in individuals with @entity16 appears to be amenable to training. Improvement of dual-task ability in individuals with @entity16 holds potential for improving gait, balance, and cognition.Video Abstract available for additional insights from the authors ( @entity12605 , http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A104).

title: Motor-Cognitive Dual-Task Training in @entity1 With XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['walking, cognitive tasks']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity12605 :: ('MESH:D063466', 'Disease') :: ['Supplemental Digital Content']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['dual-task deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurologic Disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) is accepted as the precursor of the germ cell @entity5 of the adult testis. @entity2735 cells are located within the seminiferous tubules and can be exfoliated into semen. We performed a study to detect @entity2735 cells in semen using the highly specific immunohistochemical marker @entity4729 , potentially a method for noninvasive diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 2006, 41 @entity1 at risk for @entity2735 of the testis were found eligible for this study. Indications for inclusions were a suspicious lesion on scrotal ultrasound investigation (n=14), @entity1 on surveillance after a history of a @entity5 (n=14), and 13 @entity1 with bilateral @entity31316 ( @entity31316 ). RESULTS: Three of the 13 @entity1 (23%) who underwent testicular biopsies for bilateral @entity31316 were histologically diagnosed with @entity2735 (two bilateral), and their semen showed @entity4729 -positive cells in all cases. Twelve of the 14 @entity1 (86%) with a solid mass were diagnosed with a @entity2969 with adjacent @entity2735 in the parenchyma, and in 9 cases (75%) @entity4729 -positive cells were present in the semen. No @entity4729 -positive cells were found in @entity1 with biopsies who did not show any evidence of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that @entity4729 -positive cells can be found in semen from the majority of @entity1 with @entity2735 . The observations indicate that there is probably a time window in which the @entity2735 cells are exfoliated, which gives an opportunity for early detection of @entity2735 cells in semen of @entity1 at risk for @entity2969 .

title: Noninvasive detection of testicular carcinoma in situ in semen using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma in situ', 'CIS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity31316 :: ('MESH:C566478', 'Disease') :: ['TM', 'testicular microlithiasis']

answer: @entity4729 :: (5460,Gene) :: ['OCT3/4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Innate immune cells are major targets of glucocorticoids as anti-inflammatory therapies. Glucocorticoids are metabolic hormones that provide natural feedback regulation of immune function. They are widely prescribed, but use is restricted by side-effects. Much of our knowledge about how glucocorticoids work comes from studies in @entity19 . However, since @entity19 are imperfect models of @entity1 macrophage biology, for example in @entity32 , whether this knowledge can be directly translated to @entity1 is uncertain. We aimed to address this uncertainty. METHODS: We performed global expression profiling of primary cultured @entity19 and @entity1 macrophages, sampling at six points during 24 h after treatment with glucocorticoids. To assess the mechanism behind the regulation of transcription we also determined the DNA-binding pattern of the nuclear @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq). FINDINGS: Glucocorticoids initiated a temporal cascade of predominantly induced gene regulation in both species, but with little overlap in the gene sets. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to @entity32 were enriched near @entity1 (but not @entity19 ) glucocorticoid-regulated genes. Using our genes as candidates, we identified eight SNPs reported as low significance that might be of biological relevance. We found that @entity4738 bound at candidate enhancers in the vicinity of induced genes and that this was strongly associated with canonical @entity4738 -dimer binding motifs. By contrast, promoters of induced genes, and the smaller set of repressed genes, showed no association with @entity4738 binding. Sites bound by @entity4738 were also not conserved between @entity1 and @entity19 macrophages, due to loss of the GR binding motif, which reflects the divergence in transcription. INTERPRETATION: We conclude that the response of innate immune cells to glucocorticoids has diverged significantly between species because of the gain or loss of @entity14782 . FUNDING: Wellcome Trust.

title: Divergent transcriptional activation by glucocorticoids in XXXX and @entity1 macrophages.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['glucocorticoid-responsive enhancers']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: With rising health care costs, methods to decrease length of hospital stay without compromising care are necessary. One area that extends length of stay in @entity130 @entity1 is inpatient anticoagulation to a therapeutic international normalized ratio. The 1998 American College of Chest Physicians guidelines recommend thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and oral @entity1229 in this population. The LMWH Expedited Anticoagulation Program (LEAP) was created with the following goals: to decrease the number of inpatient @entity1229 days and to reduce overall number of hospital days. METHODS: Inpatient anticoagulation was initiated with @entity1229 and LMWH. LEAP included early multidisciplinary collaboration to ensure third-party approval, outpatient primary care physician follow-up, and LMWH self-injection before discharge. @entity1 were discharged on LMWH (discontinued by primary care provider when a therapeutic international normalized ratio was attained) and @entity1229 (continued until resolution of @entity130 ). From August 2000 to August 2001, adult @entity1 were included in the prospective study. Primary inclusion criteria were blunt @entity174 , bilateral @entity174 , and contralateral upper and lower extremity @entity174 . @entity1 with similar injuries receiving @entity1229 for @entity1150 prophylaxis between June 1999 and June 2000 were the control population. Anticoagulation care was similar for the study and control subjects. RESULTS: There were 182 @entity1 evaluated for LEAP inclusion. After initial evaluation, 108 @entity1 were enrolled in LEAP (Injury Severity Score of 13). There were 69 control subjects (Injury Severity Score of 13). The average number of inpatient @entity1229 days was decreased from 8.8 days to 5.0 days in the control and study populations, respectively (p < 0.0001). The average length of hospitalization was shortened from 17.3 days in the control group to 12.9 days in the study (LEAP) population (p < 0.002). CONCLUSION: LEAP has successfully decreased the number of inpatient days on @entity1229 and total hospital days for @entity130 @entity1 requiring @entity1150 prophylaxis. These results have substantially decreased health care costs and increased available hospital beds in this era of high hospital occupancy.

title: Expedited discharge in @entity130 patients requiring anticoagulation for XXXX prophylaxis: the LEAP Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'acetabular fracture', 'lower extremity fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['orthopedic injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and patterns of recurrence, or oncologic safety, after intersphincteric resection (ISR) without radiotherapy for very low @entity420 . STUDY DESIGN: One hundred eight consecutive @entity1 with T1-T3 @entity5 located 1 to 5 cm (median 3 cm) from the anal verge underwent ISR. A retrospective analysis of prospectively recorded data from the 106 @entity1 not receiving radiotherapy was performed. RESULTS: There were 23 T1, 40 T2, and 43 @entity5 . Morbidity and mortality rates were 33% and 1%, respectively. The 3-year rates of overall local recurrence and survival were 5.7% and 95%, respectively. The 3-year cumulative local recurrence rate was 0% for the @entity1 with T1-T2 @entity5 as compared with 15% for those with @entity5 (p=0.0012). In @entity5 , the 2-year local recurrence rate was 5% for @entity1 with negative surgical margins as compared with 33% for those with positive margins (p=0.0001). The incidences of distant recurrence for stages I, II, III, and IV disease were 4%, 5%, 18%, and 33%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ISR does not increase local or distant recurrences. For T1-T2 @entity5 , meticulous dissection and irrigation after closure of the distal stump allows local control without radiotherapy. With @entity5 , preoperative therapy should be considered if resection margins are estimated to be insufficient.

title: Incidence and patterns of recurrence after intersphincteric resection for very low XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancers', 'T3 tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: In the present study morphology of tight junctions was related to the various cell types lining extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary airways of the @entity35 . Freeze @entity174 replicas were prepared from extrapulmonary airway epithelium derived from the cartilagenous and membranous sides of upper, middle, and lower thirds of the @entity825 . Intrapulmonary airway epithelium was obtained from airways less than 1 mm in diameter. Tight junction fibrils on the P @entity174 face were organized into three types of patterns. Type 1: parallel sparsely interconnected lumenal fibrils with large ablumenal fibril loops. Type 2: richly interconnected lumenal fibrils with large ablumenal fibril loops. Type 3: narrow network of interconnected fibrils. On the E @entity174 face complementary grooves were organized in a similar pattern. Ciliated cells on both sides and all levels of the @entity825 were associated with type 1 junctions. In intrapulmonary airways, however, the junctional pattern of ciliated cells changed to type 2. Brush cells at all levels of the airways were bounded by type 2 and occasionally by type 1 junctions. Secretory cell junctions displayed the following patterns: Mucous cells were bounded solely by type 3, serous cells by either types 2 or 3, and Clara cells predominantly by type 2. Cells tentatively identified as intermediate cells displayed all three junctional patterns. The number of parallel fibrils comprising tight junctions was higher in extrapulmonary as compared to intrapulmonary airways. No difference was seen in the various locations sampled in the @entity825 . Gap junctions were observed between secretory cells of extrapulmonary but not intrapulmonary airways. These observations are discussed in relation to current physiologic data.

title: Heterogeneity of tight junction morphology in extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary airways of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']