abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of @entity3264 to treat severe @entity33 induced by radiation therapy in @entity1 with @entity135 . We undertook electronic searches of PubMed (1990 to January 2015), Embase (1990 to January 2015), and the Cochrane Library (2013, Issue 2) to identify relevant studies. We included randomized controlled trials of @entity3264 to alleviate @entity3136 ( @entity3136 ) in @entity1 with @entity135 who received radiotherapy. Information regarding methods, @entity1 , results, and risk of bias was independently extracted by two authors. Statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) using fixed-effect models. We identified five clinical studies that included 234 @entity1 with @entity135 . All studies were assessed as being at low risk of bias in most items of six domains. In this meta-analysis, @entity3264 treatment showed a statistically significant benefit with respect to reducing the risk and severity of @entity3136 induced by radiotherapy compared to either placebo or no treatment (risk ratio 0.17, 95%CI 0.06-0.47). Overall, @entity3264 significantly reduces the risk and severity of @entity3136 during radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Further prospective and large trials are required to support the findings.

title: XXXX in Alleviation of Radiation-Induced Severe @entity3136 : A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis', 'OM']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['Glutamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: We prospectively compared the efficacy of 2 bulking agents to treat @entity322 related to @entity1690 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 67 @entity1 underwent periurethral injection for @entity1690 at the same institution performed by 1 surgeon. @entity1 were divided into 45 who received fat (group 1) and 22 who received collagen (group 2) injections. Both groups were comparable for age, parity, number of previously failed procedures and number of pads used daily. Preoperative urodynamic evaluation revealed a low Valsalva leak point pressure in both groups (mean plus or minus standard deviation 23.82 +/- 12.41 versus 29.35 +/- 11.32, not significant). @entity1 rated the subjective degree of postoperative improvement as 0 to 100%. RESULTS: At a mean followup of 7 months after the last injection only 13% of the fat group and 24% of the collagen group were cured. The mean percentage of subjective improvement was significantly greater in the collagen than in the fat group (70.9 +/- 28 versus 31.2 +/- 41.7%, respectively, p < 0.001). The failure rate was significantly greater in the fat group compared to the collagen group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on results of a prospective comparison of fat and collagen injection, collagen is more effective than fat for treatment of @entity1690 .

title: Urinary stress incontinence due to intrinsic XXXX : experience with fat and collagen periurethral injections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity1690 :: (MESH:D046628,Disease) :: ['sphincteric deficiency']


abstract: @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) is a eukaryotic mechanism of RNA surveillance that selectively eliminates aberrant transcripts coding for potentially deleterious proteins. @entity1547 also functions in the normal repertoire of gene expression. In @entity375 , hundreds of endogenous RNA Polymerase II transcripts achieve steady-state levels that depend on @entity1547 . For some, the decay rate is directly influenced by @entity1547 (direct targets). For others, abundance is @entity1547 -sensitive but without any effect on the decay rate (indirect targets). To distinguish between direct and indirect targets, total RNA from wild-type (Nmd(+)) and mutant (Nmd(-)) strains was probed with high-density arrays across a 1-h time window following transcription inhibition. Statistical models were developed to describe the kinetics of RNA decay. 45% +/- 5% of RNAs targeted by @entity1547 were predicted to be direct targets with altered decay rates in Nmd(-) strains. Parallel experiments using conventional methods were conducted to empirically test predictions from the global experiment. The results show that the global assay reliably distinguished direct versus indirect targets. Different types of targets were investigated, including transcripts containing adjacent, disabled open reading frames, upstream open reading frames, and those prone to out-of-frame initiation of translation. Known targeting mechanisms fail to account for all of the direct targets of @entity1547 , suggesting that additional targeting mechanisms remain to be elucidated. 30% of the protein-coding targets of @entity1547 fell into two broadly defined functional themes: those affecting chromosome structure and behavior and those affecting cell surface dynamics. Overall, the results provide a preview for how expression profiles in multi-cellular eukaryotes might be impacted by @entity1547 . Furthermore, the methods for analyzing decay rates on a global scale offer a blueprint for new ways to study mRNA decay pathways in any organism where cultured cell lines are available.

title: Impact of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay on the global expression profile of budding XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay', 'NMD']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that @entity32 during spinal cord reperfusion worsens @entity63 . ATL-146e, an @entity859 A(2A) agonist with known anti-inflammatory properties, was used to test this hypothesis at varied intervals to determine the time course of reperfusion injury. METHODS: Forty @entity95 underwent cross-clamping of the infrarenal aorta for 45 minutes. One group (n = 14 animals) received 0.06 microg/kg/min systemic ATL-146e over 3 hours, beginning after 30 minutes of ischemic time. A second group (n = 6 animals) received ATL-146e over 1.5 hours. A third group (n = 3 animals) received ATL-146e over 1 hour, and a fourth group (n = 17 animals) received saline solution. All animals were assessed at 48 hours for hind limb motor function (Tarlov scale, 0-5). RESULTS: Animals that received ATL-146e for 3 hours (Tarlov score, 4.3 +/- 0.22; P <.001) or 1.5 hours (Tarlov score, 2.7 +/- 0.6; P <.05) had improved neurologic outcomes compared with @entity95 that received saline solution (Tarlov score, 0.6 +/- 0.29). Animals that received ATL-146e for 1 hour (Tarlov score, 0.7 +/- 0.8) were not significantly different from those animals that received saline solution. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic ATL-146e, given during reperfusion, results in time-dependent improvement in spinal cord function after @entity63 . This implies that the mechanism of spinal reperfusion injury includes leukocyte-mediated @entity32 at a critical post-ischemic time interval.

title: XXXX analogue reduces spinal cord reperfusion injury in a time-dependent fashion.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['Adenosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with chronic @entity3617 or @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) may suffer recurrent exacerbations with an increase in volume and/or purulence of sputum. Because of the personal and healthcare costs associated with exacerbations, any therapy that reduces the number of exacerbations is useful. There is a marked difference between countries in terms of prescribing of mucolytics depending on whether or not they are perceived to be effective. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of oral mucolytics in adults with stable chronic @entity3617 or @entity1030 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We have searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register and reference lists of articles on four separate occasions, the most recent being in June 2005. This is the third major update. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials that compared oral mucolytic therapy with placebo for at least two months in adults with chronic @entity3617 or @entity1030 . Studies of @entity1 with @entity565 and cystic @entity82 were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One reviewer extracted data. Study authors and drug companies were contacted for missing information. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty six trials were included (7335 @entity1 ). Compared with placebo, there was a significant reduction in the number of exacerbations per @entity1 with oral mucolytics (weighted mean difference (WMD) -0.05 per month, 95% confidence interval -0.05, -0.04). Using the annualised rate of exacerbations in the control @entity1 of 2.6 per year, this is a 20% reduction. The number of days of disability also fell (WMD -0.56, 95% confidence interval -0.77, -0.35). A recent study has shown that the benefit may apply only to those @entity1 not already receiving inhaled corticosteroids. The number of @entity1 who remained exacerbation-free was greater in the mucolytic group (OR 2.13 (95% CI 1.86 to 2.42)). There was no difference in lung function or in adverse effects reported between the treatments. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with chronic @entity3617 or @entity1030 , treatment with mucolytics was associated with a small reduction in acute exacerbations and a reduction in total number of days of disability. Benefit may be greater in individuals who have frequent or prolonged exacerbations, or those who are repeatedly admitted to hospital with exacerbations with @entity1030 . They should be considered for use, through the winter months at least, in @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity1030 in whom inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are not prescribed.

title: Mucolytic agents for chronic XXXX or @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: An antisense oligonucleotide probe was used to examine the expression of gene encoding the obligatory @entity6806 subunit of the @entity1024 receptor in the hippocampus and adjacent cortical areas (entorhinal and perirhinal cortices) of seven @entity195 @entity1 and in the same brain regions of seven control individuals. Both groups were matched according to age, sex, cause of @entity204 , post mortem delay, and tissue storage time. Densitometric analysis of in situ hybridization autoradiograms revealed a 34% (P<0.05) decrease in @entity6806 messenger RNA levels in @entity75 . Similar deficits. although statistically not significant, were observed in layers II and IV-VI of the entorhinal cortex, and in granule cells of the dentate gyrus. Reduced levels of @entity6806 messenger RNA were also found in layers II-VI of the perirhinal cortex (41 53% decrease, P<0.02). There were no changes in @entity6806 messenger RNA expression in the @entity1399 , hilus, or subiculum. Both @entity195 and control group show substantial intersubject variation in levels of @entity6806 messenger RNA. The analysis of emulsion-dipped tissue revealed a trend toward a decrease in the number of @entity575 grains overlying individual neurons in the @entity1399 , entorhinal cortex, and granule cell layer of some @entity195 @entity1 . No significant relationship was detected between the levels of @entity6806 messenger RNA and post mortem delay, tissue storage, age of the subjects, or mini mental state exam score either in control or @entity195 individuals. In contrast, a strong inverse correlation between @entity6806 expression and disease duration was found. These data suggest that reduction in expression of the @entity6806 gene observed in certain regions of @entity195 hippocampus and adjacent cortical regions is specific for the disease itself. We postulate that reduced transcript levels may reflect either regional cell @entity393 in glutamatergic input to the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in @entity195 . When followed by changes at the receptor subunit protein level, altered expression of the @entity6806 gene in @entity75 may contribute, through the formation of @entity1024 receptors with different properties, to the previously reported modified @entity1024 receptor ligand binding, abnormal vulnerability of select neuronal populations to excitotoxic insult, and may also be involved in learning and @entity2414 .

title: Decreased expression of @entity1024 receptor 1 messenger RNA in select regions of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer brain', 'layer III of the entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer brains']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss or anomalies']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer brain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of @entity12698 (Celebrex; Pfizer, Cambridge, Mass) on (1) primary ischemic time and (2) revascularization of fasciocutaneous free flaps in a @entity35 model. METHODS: In the @entity63 study, 50 male @entity35 were divided into 2 groups of 25 @entity35 each, a control group and a @entity12698 group. Five @entity35 in each treatment group were exposed to ischemic times of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours. Survival of the flap was assessed 7 days after reversal of the @entity63 . Probit curves and the critical ischemic time were calculated. In the revascularization study, 30 male @entity35 were divided into 2 groups of 15 @entity35 each. One group was fed @entity12698 , while the other was fed a normal diet. All @entity35 had a 3 x 6-cm fasciocutaneous flap based on the inferior epigastric artery elevated and exposed to 2 hours of primary @entity63 . The flap was then sutured back into the wound bed. Each of these groups was then divided into 3 groups of 5 @entity35 whose pedicles were divided on postoperative day 5, 6, or 7. Percentage survival of the flap was measured 7 days later. In both parts of the study, the experimental group was fed @entity12698 , 1500 ppm, throughout the interoperative period. In each animal, a 3 x 6-cm ventral fasciocutaneous groin flap based on the left superficial epigastric artery was elevated. RESULTS: In the @entity63 study, respective flap survival rates from the control and @entity12698 groups at the various ischemic times were as follows: 4 hours, 100% and 100%; 6 hours, 80% and 100%; 8 hours, 80% and 80%; 10 hours, 60% and 60%; and 12 hours, 20% and 10%. The median lethal ischemic times were 9.7 and 9.6 hours, respectively. There was no statistical difference in flap survival between the @entity12698 and control groups. In the revascularization study, ligation of the flap pedicle on day 5, 6, or 7 did not result in any difference in the percentage of flap survival among the 3 groups. CONCLUSION: @entity12698 appears to have no deleterious effect on free tissue transfer survival or healing, as evidenced by revascularization in a fasciocutaneous free flap model.

title: Effect of XXXX on fasciocutaneous flap survival and revascularization.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anecdotal reports suggest that the addition of @entity3575 (an opioid) to epidural @entity1337 for @entity1 during childbirth results in difficulty establishing breastfeeding. The aim of this paper is to determine any association between epidural @entity1337 and 1) breastfeeding in the first week postpartum and 2) breastfeeding cessation during the first 24 weeks postpartum. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 1280 @entity1 aged > or = 16 years, who gave birth to a single live @entity1 in the Australian Capital Territory in 1997 was conducted. @entity1 completed questionnaires at weeks 1, 8, 16 and 24 postpartum. Breastfeeding information was collected in each of the four surveys and @entity1 were categorised as either fully breastfeeding, partially breastfeeding or not breastfeeding at all. @entity1 who had stopped breastfeeding since the previous survey were asked when they stopped. RESULTS: In the first week postpartum, 93% of @entity1 were either fully or partially breastfeeding their baby and 60% were continuing to breastfeed at 24 weeks. Intrapartum @entity1337 and type of birth were associated with partial breastfeeding and breastfeeding difficulties in the first postpartum week (p < 0.0001). Analgesia, maternal age and education were associated with breastfeeding cessation in the first 24 weeks (p < 0.0001), with @entity1 who had epidurals being more likely to stop breastfeeding than @entity1 who used non-pharmacological methods of @entity158 relief (adjusted hazard ratio 2.02, 95% CI 1.53, 2.67). CONCLUSION: @entity1 in this cohort who had epidurals were less likely to fully breastfeed their @entity1 in the few days after birth and more likely to stop breastfeeding in the first 24 weeks. Although this relationship may not be causal, it is important that @entity1 at higher risk of breastfeeding cessation are provided with adequate breastfeeding assistance and support.

title: Intrapartum epidural XXXX and breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess, in a pilot study, the feasibility of delivering a microparticulate ice slurry (MPS) to provide regional @entity2332 , as renal cooling during laparoscopic procedures is cumbersome and inefficient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An ex vivo preparation was used to simulate the boundary conditions of a kidney. Four @entity1707 kidneys were placed onto a thin membrane overlying a constant temperature bath (37 degrees C) with parenchymal thermocouples. Renal surfaces were coated with MPS and temperatures recorded. In an in vivo @entity1707 model we assessed laparoscopic delivery and cooling ability of the MPS under physiological conditions. Kidneys in two @entity1707 were laparoscopically exposed; thermocouple probes were placed throughout the kidney and the hilum was clamped. MPS was delivered through a modified 5-mm laparoscopic suction/irrigation cannula. Cortical and core body temperatures were measured. RESULTS: In the ex vivo study, the mean (sd) initial temperature was 37.1 (0.4) degrees C; the mean time to reach 15 degrees C was 10.3 (2.6) min and the mean nadir temperature was 13.0 (1.5) degrees C. In vivo, the MPS was delivered with no technical difficulty; the mean renal unit starting temperature and core body temperature were 37.2 degrees C and 37.0 degrees C, respectively. The mean (range) time to reach 15 degrees C was 16.5 (5.5-28.6) min. The mean nadir core body temperature was 34.0 degrees C. CONCLUSION: This initial study showed efficient and rapid induction of @entity8 using MPS delivered through 5-mm laparoscopic ports, with no technical difficulty. These exploratory pilot findings support further, larger scale, histopathological and renal functional investigations of topical ice slurries as a means of providing @entity8 in laparoscopic procedures.

title: A pilot study of ice-slurry application for inducing laparoscopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal hypothermia']


abstract: @entity765 (aggressive @entity81 ) are rare @entity5 that may occur sporadically or in association with @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). The etiology of these @entity5 is unknown, but hormonal, genetic, and physical factors play a role in their development and growth. A distinction is often made between desmoids in @entity1 with @entity1412 and those in @entity1 without @entity1412 , but clinically these @entity5 are treated the same; the only difference is the preferential intra-abdominal location of @entity1412 . The goal of desmoid treatment is local control. Choosing the appropriate method for achieving local control may be complex as the functional and cosmetic outcomes of each method must be considered. In addition, because desmoids spontaneously regress, any claim of successful intervention must be viewed skeptically. Local control is mainly achieved by surgical intervention and may be improved with the addition of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). For @entity1 who cannot undergo surgery, the options for local control include @entity1161 and systemic therapies such as hormones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), interferon, and chemotherapy. @entity1 with symptomatic, progressive disease who can tolerate chemotherapy should be presented with the option of low-dose or standard antisarcoma chemotherapy. Although it is unclear which regimen is better, @entity1 appear to have quicker responses to the standard antisarcoma therapy. Hormone therapy, NSAIDs, and interferon are used often, with varying success, and should be reserved for minimally symptomatic @entity1 or for @entity1 who do not want or are not candidates for chemotherapy. The treatment of @entity765 remains an enigma. As more options become available, selecting the correct therapy becomes more nuanced. Further clinical trials are needed to help the clinician navigate his or her way through the morass of @entity765 therapies.

title: The enigma of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoid tumors', 'desmoid tumor', 'desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP desmoids', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['desmoid tumors']


abstract: Treatment of idiopathic @entity631 remains an unsettled issue. The results of five randomized clinical trials have not provided convincing evidence for the effectiveness of any treatment. Follow-up periods in these trials were relatively short-term, ranging from 1 to 4 years. In three recently published long-term clinical studies of @entity1 with @entity631 , 10-year cumulative survival free of @entity177 improved by 20% to 35% over that described in studies published 5 to 10 years earlier. In each study, survival was estimated using life-table analysis. The survival curve in the treated group was then compared with that of a historical control group using the date of clinical onset as time zero. The survival curve in the treatment group was spuriously shifted to the right. By definition, those in the treatment groups had to survive from clinical onset to initiation of treatment, but the historical control group did not have such a constraint. The problem in this comparison is that treatments were not started in a large number of @entity1 for years after clinical onset, resulting in a biased comparison in favor of the treatment groups. (Also, the conclusions drawn from the survival data were that the improvement related directly to various treatments that were used.) Survival was similarly improved in @entity1 treated with @entity4341 and @entity117 when survival was plotted against time after clinical onset. However, when the data were replotted and the platelet-inhibitor-treated group was compared with a contemporary randomized control group, no difference in either @entity1 survival or survival free of @entity8 was demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reassessment of treatment results in XXXX , with emphasis on life-table analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']


abstract: The pathogenesis of @entity2657 , which is a major complication of @entity879 , is poorly understood. In previous studies, increased regional brain water content was observed in @entity35 at an early stage of @entity879 caused by @entity11485 . At a later stage when the animals had developed @entity772 , brain water content was reduced, possibly as a result of generalized dehydration. In the present investigation, we have determined brain water content at a late stage of @entity1578 , 48 hours after @entity11485 , in animals that had been maintained in fluid balance by continuous intraperitoneal infusion of @entity413 solution. In these animals, brain water content, determined from the ratio of wet to dry weight, showed a greater increase than that observed previously at the early stage (hindbrain region [cerebellum, pons, and brain stem] increased by 4.2%; forebrain region increased by 1.4% compared with controls). Regional analysis of brain water, using a tissue-specific gravity method, showed a significant increase in cerebellar gray matter water content. Analysis of @entity2865 space showed the extra fluid to be mainly extracellular in the hindbrain region, but not in the forebrain region. Ultrastructural examination of capillaries in gray matter from cerebellum and cerebrum showed no evidence of gross disruption of the tight junctions. Swelling of the astroglial foot processes was observed in the cerebellar gray matter. These results suggest that both vasogenic and cytotoxic mechanisms of @entity4 formation occur in the brain during @entity1578 .

title: @entity2657 and @entity2865 space in XXXX -induced @entity1578 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity11485 :: ('MESH:D005688', 'Chemical') :: ['galactosamine']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure', 'fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['deep coma']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity11485 :: (MESH:D005688,Chemical) :: ['galactosamine']


abstract: @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ) is frequently treated with collagen bulking at the @entity1494 . The standard material used, Contigen, biodegrades over 3-19 months requiring repeated injections to maintain efficacy. The study objective was to evaluate use of autologous ear chondrocytes for treatment of @entity1690 . @entity1 with documented @entity1690 had harvest of auricular cartilage. Chondrocytes were isolated from the cartilage and expanded in culture and formulated with @entity460 alginate to form an injectable gel. Thirty-two @entity1 received a single outpatient injection just distal to the @entity1494 . Outcome measures included voiding diary, quality-of-life scores, incontinence severity grading, and pad weight testing. @entity322 grading indicated 16 @entity1 dry, and 10 improved at 12 months for a total of 26 of 32 (81.3%) dry and improved after one treatment. Only four @entity1 had a 12-month pad weight test over 2.2 g. Quality-of-life scores improved significantly after treatment. There was a decrease in incontinence impact scores in all categories. The urogenital distress inventory declined for all categories except bladder emptying and lower @entity490 . Endoscopic treatment of @entity1690 with autologous chondrocytes is safe, effective, and durable with 50 % of @entity1 dry 12 months after one injection. Twenty-six of 32 @entity1 dry or improved at 3 months after the injection maintained the effect at the 12-month visit.

title: Treatment of XXXX using autologous ear chondrocytes as a bulking agent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['ISD', 'Intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1690 :: (MESH:D046628,Disease) :: ['intrinsic sphincter deficiency']


abstract: The spleen is the most frequently injured organ in adults who sustain blunt @entity1661 . The aim is to report on a @entity1 with non-penetrating gunshot traumatic @entity130 , and to evaluate the result after 12 years A soldier with gunshot wound of the left lateral @entity1661 was admitted to the Military Hospital in Mostar in the year 1993. The @entity1 was hemodynamically unstable and underwent emergency surgery. On wound exploration, there was no abdominal penetration. Because of hemodynamic instability, we decided to perform emergency laparotomy and abdominal exploration. The spleen and distal pancreas were shattered. Splenectomy and hemostasis were performed. The peritoneum was closed and the @entity1661 wound healed secondarily. The @entity1 was in good condition postoperatively. Now, after 12 years, the @entity1 is free from any sequel of the @entity130 . @entity3614 to the spleen can result from non-penetrating @entity18329 despite the absence of @entity130 . In war conditions, the diagnosis and indications are usually based on clinical findings only because special investigations, including ultrasound and CT are not readily available. The management of @entity130 has been rapidly modified over the last decade, with ever more emphasis on splenic salvage and nonoperative management, however, these procedures cannot be performed in war conditions. War injuries to the spleen are life threatening and emergency open splenectomy is the only solution.

title: [Blast XXXX after a non-penetrating gunshot wound--result after 12 years].

entities_list: @entity18329 :: ('MESH:D014948', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal gunshot wounds']

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['Blast injury']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall', 'abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'war injury', 'injury to the peritoneum', 'injury to the spleen and pancreas']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury to the spleen and pancreas']


abstract: Inferences about the evidence of life recorded in organic compounds within the Earth's ancient rocks have depended on @entity7352 contents low enough to be characteristic of biological debris produced by the well-known @entity515 fixation pathway, the Calvin cycle. 'Atypically' high values have been attributed to isotopic alteration of sedimentary organic @entity505 by thermal metamorphism. We examined the possibility that organic @entity505 characterized by a relatively high @entity7352 content could have arisen biologically from recently discovered autotrophic pathways. We focused on the green non-sulphur bacterium @entity43762 that uses the @entity40631 pathway for inorganic @entity505 fixation and is geologically significant as it forms modern mat communities analogous to stromatolites. Organic matter in mats constructed by @entity43762 spp. alone had relatively high @entity7352 contents (-14.9%) and lipids diagnostic of @entity43762 that were also isotopically heavy (-8.9% to -18.5%). Organic matter in mats constructed by @entity43762 in conjunction with cyanobacteria had a more typical Calvin cycle signature (-23.5%). However, lipids diagnostic of @entity43762 were isotopically enriched (-15.1% to -24.1%) relative to lipids typical of cyanobacteria (-33.9% to -36.3%). This suggests that, in mats formed by both cyanobacteria and @entity43762 , autotrophy must have a greater effect on @entity43762 @entity505 metabolism than the photoheterotrophic consumption of cyanobacterial photosynthate. @entity43762 cell components were also selectively preserved. Hence, @entity43762 autotrophy and selective preservation of its products constitute one purely biological mechanism by which isotopically heavy organic @entity505 could have been introduced into important Precambrian geological features.

title: Autotrophy of green non-sulphur bacteria in hot spring microbial mats: biological explanations for isotopically heavy organic XXXX in the geological record.

entities_list: @entity43762 :: ('1108', 'Species') :: ['Chloroflexus', 'Chloroflexus aurantiacus']

entities_list: @entity40631 :: ('CHEBI:16510', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxypropionate']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: The hypothesis was that long-term treatment of @entity291 with @entity53 (E(2)) and @entity291 somatotropin (bST) would alter the earliest stages of folliculogenesis. Nonlactating Holstein @entity291 (n = 26) were treated in a 2 x 2 arrangement with E(2) (2 x 24 mg implants, 67.1 +/- 1.4 days) and bST (Posilac, 63.6 +/- 1.5 days). At Day 67 +/- 1.3, one ovary was removed for morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. For each ovary, 388 +/- 38 microscopic fields (2 x 2 mm) were examined and follicles within each field were classified by histological stage. Fields that contained no follicles were classified as empty. Empty fields (n = 100 per ovary) were further classified as containing no evidence of follicles or containing atretic remnants of follicles. Approximately 30 4-microm sections per ovary were stained for @entity36389 ( @entity36389 ), and 150 fields per ovary were evaluated. Additional sections (n = 10 per ovary) were assessed immunohistochemically for apoptosis, and fluorescence intensity was determined for each follicle. Treatment with bST significantly decreased percentage of empty fields containing atretic remnants. Treatment with E(2) induced activation of follicles as shown by a decrease in percentage of primordial follicles and an increase in percentage of primary follicles as determined by @entity36389 staining. At the primary follicle stage the combination of bST + E(2) decreased apoptosis as shown by decreased fluorescence intensity. Thus, E(2) induced activation of follicles, bST enhanced survival, and the combination lowered @entity1146 .

title: Alteration of activation, growth, and @entity1146 of @entity291 preantral follicles by long-term treatment of XXXX with @entity53 and recombinant @entity291 somatotropin.

entities_list: @entity36389 :: ('515499(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cows', 'cattle', 'bovine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: @entity170 has received increasing attention as a potential complication of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). The first population-based data on incidence of @entity174 in an @entity29 population were published this past year. The incidence of @entity174 was one per 100 @entity1 years. Compared with the general population, the @entity174 rate was increased; however, the relative risk was 1.4 and, therefore, not as high as might be expected from the myriad of studies reporting high rates of @entity2331 measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Another area receiving increasing attention is that of the enhanced risk of @entity49 in @entity1 with @entity29 . The first population-based incidence rates of @entity49 in @entity29 were also published this past year and showed that @entity29 @entity1 are affected by @entity49 at a rate of approximately one per 200 @entity1 years. The relative risk for @entity49 compared with the general population was 3.5. Several studies have reported on associated risk markers or genetic clotting abnormalities, but no clear paradigm has emerged to account for those @entity1 who will suffer a clot. Finally, the first North American population-based study was published, quantifying the prevalence rates of extraintestinal manifestations in @entity1 with @entity29 for at least 10 years. Some gender- and disease-specific findings emerged. This study found that @entity5890 and @entity1596 were more common in female @entity1 with @entity31 (3.2%), @entity991 ( @entity991 ) was most common in male @entity1 with @entity31 (3%), @entity1691 was most common in male @entity1 with @entity30 (2.7%), and @entity5406 was most likely to occur in female @entity1 with @entity30 (1.9%).

title: XXXX and other complications of @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2408 has greatly improved the efficacy of chemotherapy regimens for @entity2225 -positive @entity1893 . However, although several mechanisms of action of rituximab have been identified, the exact therapeutic functions of these mechanisms remains to be clarified. In addition, there is no established prognostic marker to predict an individual response. This study verified the validity of ex vivo complement-dependent @entity137 (CDC) susceptibility as a predictor of pathologic @entity5 regression in @entity1 undergoing rituximab-containing chemotherapy and examined whether CDC contributes to the mechanism of action of rituximab. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A rapid assay system was established to evaluate the tumoricidal activity of rituximab using a living cell-imaging technique. We analyzed lymph node biopsies obtained from 234 @entity1 with suspected @entity706 and estimated the association between CDC susceptibility and the response to rituximab-containing chemotherapy in diffuse large @entity1892 and @entity706 . RESULTS: This study revealed that CDC susceptibility of @entity706 cells freshly obtained from @entity1 was strongly associated with response to rituximab-containing chemotherapy in both diffuse large @entity1892 and @entity706 . This correlation was not apparent in cases that received chemotherapy without rituximab. CONCLUSIONS: The system that we have established allows a successful assessment of rituximab-induced CDC and can distinguish cases refractory to rituximab-containing chemotherapy. The association between CDC susceptibility and therapy response suggests that CDC is pivotal in the ability of chemotherapy including rituximab to induce remission.

title: An imaging-based rapid evaluation method for complement-dependent XXXX discriminated clinical response to rituximab-containing chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'follicular lymphoma', 'lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2408 :: ('CHEBI:64357', 'Chemical') :: ['Rituximab']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: 1. Two recently synthesized @entity24266 derivatives ( @entity41525 ; @entity41526 ) were tested in conscious saline-loaded @entity35 and showed natriuretic and antimagnesiuretic properties but hardly reduced @entity972 excretion. 2. In the same model a dose-response curve was performed for @entity41525 . ED50 and Emax values were calculated for the natriuretic (ED50 = 13.4 mumol kg-1; Emax = 1.08 mmol kg-1) and antimagnesiuretic (ED50 = 11.3 mumol kg-1; Emax = -0.099 mmol kg-1) properties of @entity41525 . There were no significant changes of @entity972 and @entity460 excretion. 3. After a single dose of @entity41525 (100 mumol kg-1) the time course of electrolyte excretion was analysed over 6 h. @entity41525 did not show any significant effects on renal @entity972 and @entity460 excretion whereas a pronounced decrease (P less than 0.01) in renal @entity1760 excretion was evident during the 6 h. A moderate increase of @entity1372 excretion was observed only after 3, 5 and 6 h. 4. A selective reduction of @entity1760 secretion in the late distal tubule and collecting duct was proposed as a possible mechanism of action of @entity41525 . This would explain the fast onset of action as well as the lack of antikaliuretic and anticalciuretic effects. The high selectivity of @entity41525 makes it potentially valuable for the future investigation of renal @entity1760 transport.

title: Effects of a new @entity24266 derivative on urinary @entity1372 , @entity972 and XXXX excretion in conscious saline-loaded @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity24266 :: ('CHEBI:27601', 'Chemical') :: ['pteridine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: During the past few years novel gene-based approaches emerged attempting to treat @entity1118 experimentally in animal models. This review will discuss some of the most recent developments in this area with special emphasis on vector-mediated targeted transfer of DNA at the spinal level. RECENT FINDINGS: Local overexpression of precursors of opioid peptides, mainly at the spinal level, induces antihyperalgesic effects in various animal models of persistent @entity158 . Different techniques enabling the in vivo transfer of these precursors have been described. Virus-derived vectors appear as potent systems, providing targeted and sustained overproduction of opioid peptides. Interestingly, overexpression of @entity14426 in primary sensory neurones induced antinociceptive effects in persistent @entity158 of inflammatory, neuropathic and cancerous origins. Targeted overproduction of many other proteins may be relevant to the relief of ongoing @entity158 . For instance, local overproduction of @entity2252 in the spinal cord has been reported to treat @entity9 induced by chronic constrictive @entity1930 . SUMMARY: Gene-based techniques may contribute to the search for a better management of @entity1118 . In this respect, tempting data were obtained in animal models of persistent @entity158 using viral vector-mediated overproduction of opioid peptides and neurotrophins. Gene-based protocols targeting some molecules involved in @entity158 induction and perpetuation also raise the interesting possibility of blocking the development of @entity1118 , rather than relieving it. Apart from the 'gene therapy' of @entity1118 , the clinical application of which still remains to be established, these techniques might help in evaluating the potential interest of some recently identified molecules involved in @entity158 . They might finally lead to the development of new classical pharmacological tools.

title: Experimental gene therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14426 :: ('MESH:C029992', 'Chemical') :: ['proenkephalin A']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain transduction mechanisms or sensory nerve sensitization']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the sciatic nerve']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: An increase of HLA- @entity5958 has been observed in @entity161 @entity1 from the Japanese population. A decrease of @entity4107 , which was reported in Caucasian @entity1 , has also been found in some of the Japanese studies. This small study further investigated frequencies of HLA- @entity5958 and @entity4107 in unrelated Japanese @entity1 with @entity161 (n = 45) and healthy comparison subjects (n = 117). The number of @entity1 possessing @entity5958 was higher (10 of 45, 22%) compared with the comparison group (11 of 117, 9.4%, P = 0.03). This may support the previous observation of an increased @entity5958 frequency in the Japanese @entity1 . When the present data is combined with three previous studies, proportions of the Japanese subjects with @entity5958 were 98 of 588 @entity161 @entity1 (16.7%) vs. 93 of 942 comparison subjects (9.9%). However, no difference was observed in @entity4107 frequencies between the @entity1 (51%) and comparison subjects (44%). Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:725-727, 2000.

title: Support for an association between HLA- XXXX and @entity161 in the Japanese population.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity5958 :: (1810,Gene) :: ['DR1']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3985 ( @entity3985 ) is subdivided into three immunophenotypes ( @entity3985 types I, IA and II). Recently, mutations in the @entity1735 sulfotransferase 6 gene ( @entity21339 ) were identified to cause @entity3985 . The purpose of this study was to examine @entity21339 for mutations in Icelandic @entity1 with @entity31304 . METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes in the peripheral blood and the coding region of @entity21339 was examined for mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. RESULTS: Mutation analysis of the @entity21339 coding region identified three different mutations in sixteen Icelandic @entity1 with @entity31304 . Eleven @entity1 with @entity31304 were homozygous for a @entity42736 mutation. One @entity1 with @entity31304 was found to be a compound heterozygous for @entity42736 and @entity42737 mutations. One family with @entity31304 contained a 10 base pair insertion (ATGCTGTGCG) between nucleotides 707 and 708. In this family, two affected siblings had a homozygous insertion while both their affected mother and their affected maternal aunt had a heterozygous insertion and a heterozygous @entity42736 mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Three different @entity377 changes were identified in the coding region of @entity21339 in sixteen Icelandic @entity1 with @entity31304 . All three of these alterations are predicted to affect the translated protein and each of them corresponded to a particular disease haplotype that we had previously reported in this population.

title: Mutations in corneal XXXX sulfotransferase 6 gene ( @entity21339 ) cause macular @entity3985 in Iceland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['Macular corneal dystrophy', 'MCD']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: Disruption of the sleep-wake cycle has been reported among individuals with @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ). Here we studied behavioral rhythms in adult male and female @entity20213 @entity19 , a model of @entity1467 . The overall behavioral activity of @entity20213 and diploid (2N) littermates as defined by total movements (TM), movement time (MT), ambulatory movement time (AMT), time spent in center of arena (CT), jumps (JFP), rotational behavior (TURNS), and wheel-running activity (WRA) was recorded under a 12 h:12 h light-dark photocycle. During the light phase, @entity20213 @entity19 exhibited higher TM, MT, CT, JFP, and WRA compared to 2N littermates. During the dark phase, @entity20213 and 2 @entity19 differed only in CT and WRA, with the @entity20213 group engaging in higher levels of both. There were no gender differences for any of the behavioral variables studied. Non-linear least-squares (Cosinor) analysis of the distribution of total behavioral activity (TM) indicated that @entity20213 @entity19 exhibited a slightly higher mean oscillation (i.e., mesor), but significantly lower amplitude in comparison to 2 @entity19 , suggesting that levels of TM were elevated in trisomic @entity19 but were relatively constant throughout the photocycle. The peak of the @entity20213 TM rhythm was significantly phase-advanced, occurring approximately 4 h earlier than 2 @entity19 . Overall, @entity20213 @entity19 were hyperactive and differed significantly in daily patterns of specific behaviors from those of 2N littermates. To control for the potential confound of @entity2000 in @entity20213 and 2 @entity19 , we compared and found no difference between the TM rhythm parameters of 2N and non-retinally degenerate C57/129Sv @entity19 , suggesting that abnormal behavioral rhythmicity in @entity20213 @entity19 may not due to the absence of rod and cone photoreceptors. These results serve as a starting point for further investigations into the physiological basis of @entity25 in @entity1467 @entity1 .

title: Chronobiometry of behavioral activity in the XXXX model of @entity1467 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-wake disturbances']

answer: @entity20213 :: (21101(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Ts65Dn']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that prophylactic treatment of neutropenic premature neonates with recombinant @entity1261 ( @entity7420 ) would reduce the incidence of @entity580 ( @entity580 ). STUDY DESIGN: A total of 25 neonatal intensive care units participated in this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Premature @entity1 of gestational age (GA) <or= 32 weeks were included if they had a peripheral blood count showing < 1500 neutrophils/mm(3) for at least 24 hours during the first 3 weeks of life. A total of 200 @entity1 received either @entity7420 (10 microg/kg/day) or placebo for 3 days. Primary outcome was survival free of @entity281 for 4 weeks after treatment, assessed in an intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: A total of 102 @entity1 received @entity7420 (mean GA, 29.2 weeks), and 98 received placebo (mean GA, 29.1 weeks). Survival free of confirmed @entity281 for 4 weeks after treatment was 74/102 in the @entity7420 group and 66/98 in the placebo group (P = .42). However, during 2 weeks, there was a significant difference between groups (86/102 vs 70/98; P = .028). CONCLUSIONS: In this population, prophylactic @entity7420 did not significantly increase survival free of @entity281 at 4 weeks after treatment. The transient effect observed at 2 weeks in the most immature @entity1 should be evaluated further.

title: A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of prophylactic recombinant XXXX in preterm neonates with neutropenia.

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['NIs', 'nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on blood pressure is poorly understood. We hypothesized that if SSRIs have an influence on blood pressure, this might become manifest in changes in intraoperative blood pressure. We aimed to study the association between perioperative use of SSRIs and changes in intraoperative blood pressure by measuring the occurrence of intraoperative hyper- and @entity551 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational follow-up study among @entity1 who underwent elective primary total hip arthroplasty. The index group included users of SSRIs. The reference group included a random sample (ratio 1:3) of nonusers of an antidepressant agent. The outcome was the occurrence of intraoperative hypo- and @entity101 episodes (number, mean and total duration, and area under the curve (AUC)). The outcome was adjusted for confounding factors using regression techniques. RESULTS: The index group included 20 users of an SSRI. The reference group included 60 nonusers. Users of SSRIs showed fewer intraoperative @entity551 episodes, a shorter mean and total duration, and a smaller AUC when compared to the reference group. After adjustment for confounders, SSRI use was associated with a significantly shorter total duration of @entity551 : mean difference of -29.4 min (95% confidence interval (CI) -50.4 to -8.3). Two users of an SSRI and two @entity1 in the reference group had a @entity101 episode. CONCLUSIONS: Continuation of treatment with SSRIs before surgery was associated with a briefer duration of @entity551 .

title: Selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors and intraoperative blood pressure.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'intraoperative hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A variety of different treatment options are available for displaced three- or four-part @entity174 . In a retrospective cohort study we evaluated the results of intramedullary nailing with the @entity1289 nail and conservative treatment of displaced @entity6342 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 suffered a neer 4, 5 or 6 proximal humeral @entity174 who were treated with intramedullary nailing. Sixteen @entity1 received conservative treatment for their Neer 4, 5 or 6 @entity174 . RESULTS: Taking critical remarks in consideration, the results of intramedullary nailing are not very satisfactory compared to the conservative-treated group. However functional results of our operative group are comparable to those from other studies in literature. CONCLUSION: Displaced three- or four-part @entity6342 can be treated by intramedullary nailing. Familiarity with the @entity174 and experience with the surgical techniques are critical for successful operative treatment outcome. Most complications in the operative treatment group can be avoided; inadequate reduction can lead to wrong insertion place with secondary problems (dislocation and @entity5818 ). Also future improvements in osteosynthesis like angle stable screw fixation ( @entity170 ) and minimally invasive device will probably decrease the complication rate.

title: Displaced XXXX : intramedullary nailing versus conservative treatment.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture deformity', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial impingement']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains a repeated heptapeptide sequence at its @entity1473 terminus. @entity375 mutants with certain partial deletions of the @entity1473 -terminal repeat (CTR) domain are temperature-sensitive, cold-sensitive and are @entity8580 auxotrophs. Intragenic and extragenic suppressors of the cold-sensitive phenotype of CTR domain deletion mutants were isolated and studied to investigate the function of this domain. Two types of intragenic suppressing mutations suppress the temperature-sensitivity, cold-sensitivity and @entity8580 auxotrophy of CTR domain deletion mutants. Most intragenic mutations enlarge the repeat domain by duplicating various portions of the repeat coding sequence. Other intragenic suppressing mutations are point mutations in a conserved segment of the large subunit. An extragenic suppressing mutation ( @entity37681 -1) was isolated that strongly suppresses the conditional and auxotrophic phenotypes of CTR domain mutations. The @entity37681 gene was isolated and mapped, and an @entity37681 partial deletion mutation ( @entity37681 delta 10) was constructed. The @entity37681 delta 10 mutants are temperature-sensitive, cold-sensitive and are @entity8580 auxotrophs. These phenotypes are characteristic of mutations in genes encoding components of the transcription apparatus. We propose that the @entity37681 gene encodes a factor that is involved in RNA synthesis and may interact with the CTR domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II.

title: Intragenic and extragenic suppressors of mutations in the heptapeptide repeat domain of XXXX RNA polymerase II.

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: @entity1778 @entity1 receiving marrow from HLA-identical sibling donors were randomized to treatment with either @entity1863 16 mg/kg (n = 88) or total body irradiation ([ @entity131 ] n = 79) in addition to @entity786 120 mg/kg. The @entity1 were observed for a period of 5 to 9 years. @entity1863 -treated @entity1 had an increased risk of @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ) of the liver (12% v 1%, P =.01) and @entity2335 (32% v 10%, P =.003). @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was similar in the two groups, but the 7-year cumulative incidence of chronic @entity2132 was 59% in the @entity1863 -treated group versus 47% in the @entity131 group (P =.05). Death from @entity2132 was more common in the @entity1863 group (22% v 3%, P <.001). Obstructive @entity5924 occurred in 26% of the @entity1863 @entity1 but in only 5% of the @entity131 @entity1 (P <.01). Complete @entity1665 developed in 8 @entity1863 @entity1 and partial @entity1665 in 17, versus five with partial @entity1665 in the @entity131 group (P <.001). @entity231 occurred in 5 @entity1863 -treated @entity1 and 16 @entity131 @entity1 (P =.02). The incidence of relapse after 7 years was 29% in both groups. Seven-year transplant-related mortality (TRM) in @entity1 with @entity66 was 21% in the @entity1863 group and 12% in the @entity131 group. In @entity1 with more advanced disease, the corresponding figures were 64% and 22%, respectively (P =.004). @entity1778 -free survival (LFS) in @entity1 with @entity66 was 68% in @entity1863 -treated @entity1 and 66% in @entity131 @entity1 . However, 7-year LFS in @entity1 with more advanced disease was 17% in the @entity1863 group versus 49% in the @entity131 group (P <.01). In @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in first chronic phase, 7-year LFS was 72% and 83% in the two groups, respectively.

title: Increased risk of XXXX , obstructive @entity5924 , and @entity1665 with @entity1863 versus total body irradiation: long-term results of a randomized trial in allogeneic marrow recipients with @entity1778 . Nordic Bone Marrow Transplantation Group.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataracts']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Leukemia', 'Leukemic']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease', 'VOD']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['Busulfan', 'busulfan']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['chronic graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the cutaneous features in @entity1 with @entity779 are associated with abnormal blood biochemistry, complications, and poor disease outcome. METHODS: Forty five @entity1 with @entity779 were identified at a medical center in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, from September to November 2014. All cases were exclusively caused by @entity35794 . @entity1 were classified into two groups, based on the presence or absence of @entity1910 , and their rash was subclassified into maculopapular, morbilliform, and petechial types. Clinical symptoms, laboratory data, disease outcome, and complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Thirty two @entity1 with @entity779 developed @entity1910 (SP group, n  =  32) while the rest of 13 did not (SN group, n  =  13). The @entity1 numbers in the maculopapular, morbilliform, and petechial group were 4, 21, and 7, respectively. The SP group was younger (P  =  0.001), experienced more @entity111 (P  =  0.008) and more swollen palms/soles (P  =  0.015) than the SN group. However, the SN group had greater genital mucosa involvement (P  =  0.008), higher platelet transfusion rate (P  =  0.003), and lower hemoglobin and hematocrit levels (P  =  0.030) than the SP group. @entity1 with morbilliform lesions had a higher incidence of palm/sole swelling, less genital mucosal involvement, and a lower platelet transfusion rate than did @entity1 with maculopapular or petechial lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous manifestations provide an important clue to @entity779 . In @entity1 with @entity779 , those with @entity1910 tend to have itching and swelling of the palms/soles, however, those without @entity1910 tend to have more complications and poor disease outcomes.

title: Clinical significance of XXXX in @entity779 : A focus on discomfort, complications, and disease outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity35794 :: ('11053', 'Species') :: ['type 1 dengue virus']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue fever']

answer: @entity1910 :: (MESH:D005076,Disease) :: ['skin rash']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) is a rare and fatal @entity5 . Females are found to survive longer than males after treatment, suggesting a possible involvement of hormonal factors. @entity53 is involved in cellular proliferation of a number of @entity5 and acts mainly through @entity2931 receptors (ERs). Hence, we examined the expression of @entity2931 receptors with correlation to prognosis. METHODS: @entity2931 receptors expression was examined using immunohistochemistry on 42 @entity982 -embedded sections of @entity3620 @entity5 . Kaplan-Meier survival curves were analysed to determine the significance of ER expression in relation to prognosis. RESULTS: @entity1783 (nuclear) was detected in 33 (79 %) @entity1 . @entity1783 was also detected in the cellular cytoplasm of 9 (21 %) @entity1 . Presence of @entity1783 (nuclear) was associated with favourable survival (univariate analysis, P = 0.001), whereas the presence of @entity1783 (cytoplasm) was associated with a poor survival (P = 0.014). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed the absence of @entity1783 (nuclear) and the presence of @entity1783 (cytoplasm) to be independent predictive factors for poor disease outcome (hazard ratio 5.4, 95 % confidence interval 1.86-15.75; P = 0.002 and hazard ratio 8.0, 95 % confidence interval 1.8-34; P = 0.005), respectively. @entity1782 (nuclear) was detected in only 4 (9 %) of @entity1 and not statistically significant (univariate analysis, P = 0.066). CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity1783 (cytoplasm) is associated with poor prognosis. The favourable survival association observed in @entity1 with @entity1783 (nuclear) raises a question about the molecular mechanisms of the tumorigenic roles of @entity1783 in each cellular compartment and requires further studies.

title: @entity2931 receptors are prognostic factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'Oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant peritoneal mesothelioma']


abstract: @entity78 cement (CPC) is a widely used bone substitute in the clinic; however, the low strength of CPC limits its utilization. In this study, we investigated mechanical influences of chitosan fiber combined with gelatin on CPC, and examined the biocompatibility of the new composite with @entity35 bone marrow stromal cells. Compared to the fiber impregnated in @entity1391 buffered saline (80.5 MPa), our study showed that tensile strength of chitosan fiber increased 106 and 114% with the impregnation of gelatin at the mass fraction 5 and 10%, although this increase was not statistically significant. It was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy that the characteristic absorption bands of chitosan were changed with the addition of gelatin. The optimal flexural strength enhancement was obtained when CPC was reinforced with fiber at volume fraction of 30% and gelatin at mass fraction of 5% (maximum: 12.31 MPa). The fiber morphology was more compact when the chitosan fibers impregnated with gelatin at mass fraction of 5 or 10% than chitosan alone. The fracture analysis showed that the new CPC-chitosan fiber-gelatin composite presented many remnants of CPC adhered to fibers. Short minimum essential medium extract test showed no cell growth inhibition after the addition of the new composite. @entity35 bone marrow stromal cells retain the ability to spread and grow on the composite. Our studies demonstrated that the flexural strength is greatly increased by using CPC incorporated with proper ratio of @entity1577 and gelatin. More over, the new composite demonstrated biocompatibility in vitro.

title: Mechanical and biocompatible influences of chitosan fiber and gelatin on XXXX cement.

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although in clinical use, there is only 1 published case report on the efficacy of intraarticular @entity34 ( @entity34 ) (a.k.a. prolotheraphy). This report supports a rationale for future clinical trials of this technique. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of intraarticular zygapophysial joint @entity34 in @entity1 with chronic @entity7125 related neck @entity158 that failed other conservative and interventional procedures. @entity1 were treated with intraarticular @entity34 and reassessed over 1 year. DESIGN: Retrospective case review of prospective data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen consecutive @entity1 were treated with intraarticular prolotherapy by placing 0.5 - 1mL of 20% @entity413 solution into each zygapophysial joint, after confirmation of intraarticular location with radiographic contrast, using 25-gauge spinal needles and fluoroscopic guidance. Solution was prepared by diluting D50W with 1% @entity3303 . RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 completed treatment. Three @entity1 had bilateral treatment, leaving 18 sides for analysis. Mean @entity717 ( @entity717 ) pre-treatment was 24.71 and decreased post-treatment to 14.21 (2 months), 13.45 (6 months), 10.94 (12 months). Average change @entity717 =13.77 (p<0.0001) baseline versus 12 months. Symptoms for 14 @entity1 were from motor vehicle accident, of which 13 were in litigation. @entity1 attending physiotherapy over the course of treatment had better outcomes than those without physiotherapy. @entity1 needed more injections (5.4) than @entity1 (3.2) p=0.0003. CONCLUSION: Intraarticular @entity34 improved @entity158 and function in this case series. The procedure appears safe, more effective than periarticular @entity34 , and lasted as long, or longer, than those @entity1 with previous radiofrequency neurotomy. Concurrent physiotherapy helped reduce post-procedure neck stiffness. Future trials should consider gender when deciding how many treatments to administer. Litigation was not a barrier to recovery.

title: Case series on chronic XXXX related neck @entity158 treated with intraarticular zygapophysial joint @entity34 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['RIT', 'regeneration injection therapy']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash']


abstract: We report three cases of adult-onset @entity22374 ( @entity24592 ) treated with different therapies including one case successfully treated with p.o. administration of @entity21923 and low- @entity1735 diet. Although recent advances in liver transplantation have enabled successful treatment of @entity1 with @entity24592 , several issues concerning liver transplantation remain. Further, there is still an urgent need for therapies that do not rely on liver transplantation. The first case was a 41-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity1662 in 1992. The @entity1 was treated with conventional therapy for @entity99 and died of severe @entity2657 . The second case was a 31-year-old @entity1 who suddenly presented @entity1163 with @entity3263 . He was treated with @entity1735 -restricted diet but the @entity75 could not be controlled, and he received emergency living donor liver transplantation. The third @entity1 was a 67-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity146 with @entity3263 . He has remained well with oral @entity21923 and a low- @entity1735 diet without receiving liver transplantation.

title: Three cases of adult-onset @entity22374 treated with different therapies: Efficacy of XXXX and low- @entity1735 diet.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal behavior']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['a syncope-like attack']

entities_list: @entity21923 :: ('CHEBI:50144', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity22374 :: ('MESH:C538053', 'Disease') :: ['type II citrullinemia']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperammonemia']

answer: @entity21923 :: (CHEBI:50144,Chemical) :: ['sodium pyruvate']


abstract: A 67 year old male at a regular checkup underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. On performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a lesion about 1.2 cm depressed was noted at the gastric angle. The pathology of the biopsy specimen revealed a well-differentiated @entity420 . On performing an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan _ positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan, no definite evidence of gastric wall thickening or @entity66 was found. However, @entity1600 was found in the left gastric and prepancreatic spaces. This @entity1 underwent laparoscopic assisted distal gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection. On final examination, it was found out that the @entity5 had invaded the mucosal layer. The lymph node was a metastasized @entity152 with an unknown primary site. The @entity1 refused chemotherapy. He opted to undergo a close follow-up. At the postoperative month 27, he had a focal @entity75 in the left lobe of the liver that suggested @entity3 on PET-CT scan. He refused to undergo an operation. He underwent a radiofrequency ablation.

title: @entity5 of unknown primary accompanied with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['stomach adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare initial @entity726 therapy with medications and trabeculectomy in southern India. METHODS: @entity1 aged >=  30 years newly diagnosed with @entity726 were randomized to trabeculectomy with @entity1487 or medical therapy. Subjects with best-corrected vision <6/18 due to @entity231 underwent phacoemulsification (phaco/intraocular lens, IOL). Intraocular pressure (IOP), vision and visual function were assessed at 12 months. RESULTS: @entity1 assigned to medications and surgery received the expected therapy in 86% (172/199) and 64% (126/199) of cases, respectively. Forty @entity1 (20%) assigned to surgery refused any treatment and 33 (17%) received medications. Among 199 @entity1 randomized to medications, 52 (26.1%) underwent phaco/IOL, as did 89/199 (43.7%) of @entity1 randomized to trabeculectomy. Baseline parameters of the two groups did not differ, nor did 1-year follow-up rates (medication 65%, trabeculectomy 58%, P = 0.15). Final IOP was lower with randomization to trabeculectomy (16.3    5.1 mmHg) than medication (18.8    6.7 mmHg, P < 0.0001). In regression models, randomization to trabeculectomy (P < 0.0001) was associated with lower IOP, and simultaneous trabeculectomy and @entity231 surgery was associated with higher IOP (P = 0.008) than trabeculectomy alone. Subjects receiving Phaco/IOL had significantly better final acuity (P < 0.0001) and visual function (P = 0.035), despite concurrent @entity726 treatment. Final visual acuity was worse in those receiving trabeculectomy in addition to @entity231 surgery, but this was of borderline significance (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculectomy lowered IOP significantly more than medical treatment, but with slightly greater loss of visual acuity. Combined phaco/IOL and trabeculectomy improved visual acuity with substantial IOP lowering.

title: A study of initial therapy for @entity726 in southern India: India XXXX Outcomes and Treatment (INGOT) Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: The @entity535 content of plasma and erythrocytes in @entity1 with severe @entity177 (serum @entity1011 less than 8 mg/100 ml) treated with selective low-protein diets, in @entity1 on regular hemodialysis, and in a control group of healthy subjects were studied. Most @entity1522 in erythrocytes of the @entity1 showed the same changes as in plasma with the exception of @entity3793 , @entity563 , and @entity493 . In spite of low @entity3793 plasma levels, the erythrocytes level is increased as compared with healthy controls. In @entity1381 @entity1 the plasma @entity563 was constantly reduced whereas the @entity563 content of the erythrocytes did not differ from healthy controls. @entity493 concentrations in the erythrocytes of @entity1381 @entity1 were increased in spite of normal @entity493 plasma levels. This finding may be due to the increased glycolytic ratio of red cells from @entity1381 subjects delivering more pyruvate for transmination to @entity493 . In the control group the @entity462 content of erythrocytes was decreased with a gradient between plasma and erythrocytes of 3.5:1. The same gradient could be observed in @entity1381 @entity1 in spite of the elevation in their plasma @entity462 levels by a factor of 2.7 compared with controls. The low @entity462 levels in erythrocytes may be due to loss of @entity462 for @entity2041 synthesis in red cells. High @entity2041 levels in the erythrocytes of @entity1381 @entity1 support this hypothesis.

title: XXXX content of erythrocytes in uremia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine', 'Alanine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['Amino acid']


abstract: SUBJECT OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy and safety of a new antivenom, affinity-purified, mixed monospecific crotalid antivenom ovine @entity1334 , in @entity1 subjects with minimal or moderate @entity5900 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective multicenter clinical trial of 11 @entity1 10 years or older with progressive manifestations after mild to moderate crotalid snakebite. After giving their consent, subjects received four to eight vials of study drug and were then repeatedly examined over 48 hours and at 7 and 14 days after discharge. Each @entity1 's clinical condition was evaluated serially with the use of a validated severity score, as well as on the basis of the investigator's assessment. RESULTS: In all 11 subjects to the antivenom was judged by the investigator to have had a beneficial response. The severity score for each @entity1 remained the same or decreased over the first 4 hours. However, two subjects demonstrated worsened condition 12 to 15 hours after antivenom administration. In no subject did an @entity56 develop. CONCLUSION: In this @entity1 group, affinity-purified, mixed monospecific crotalid antivenom ovine @entity1334 was associated with a halt of progressive crotalid venom poisoning. Initial safety data are promising but must be addressed further in subsequent studies.

title: Affinity-purified, mixed monospecific crotalid antivenom ovine XXXX for the treatment of crotalid venom poisoning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['crotalid envenomation']

answer: @entity1334 :: (2187,Gene) :: ['Fab']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Internet is fast gaining recognition as a powerful, low-cost method to deliver health intervention and prevention programs to large numbers of young @entity1 across diverse geographic regions. The feasibility and accessibility of Internet-based health interventions in resource-limited settings, where cost-effective interventions are most needed, is unknown. To determine the utility of developing technology-based interventions in resource-limited settings, availability and patterns of usage of the Internet first need to be assessed. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The Uganda Media and You Survey was a cross-sectional survey of Internet use among adolescents (ages 12-18 years) in Mbarara, Uganda, a municipality mainly serving a rural population in sub-Saharan Africa. @entity1 were randomly selected among eligible students attending one of five participating secondary day and boarding schools in Mbarara, Uganda. Of a total of 538 students selected, 93% (500) participated. Of the total respondents, 45% (223) reported ever having used the Internet, 78% (175) of whom reported going online in the previous week. As maternal education increased, so too did the odds of adolescent Internet use. Almost two in five respondents (38% [189]) reported already having used a computer or the Internet to search for health information. Over one-third (35% [173]) had used the computer or Internet to find information about @entity645 / @entity791 , and 20% (102) had looked for @entity458 . Among Internet users, searching for @entity645 / @entity791 information on a computer or online was significantly related to using the Internet weekly, emailing, visiting @entity4268 rooms, and playing online games. In contrast, going online at school was inversely related to looking for @entity645 / @entity791 information via technology. If Internet access were free, 66% (330) reported that they would search for information about @entity645 / @entity791 prevention online. CONCLUSIONS: Both the desire to use, and the actual use of, the Internet to seek sexual health and @entity645 / @entity791 information is high among secondary school students in Mbarara. The Internet may be a promising strategy to deliver low-cost @entity645 / @entity791 risk reduction interventions in resource-limited settings with expanding Internet access.

title: Internet use among Ugandan adolescents: implications for XXXX intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual health information']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Objective: Assess cardiovascular effects of mixed @entity4944 salts extended release (MAS XR) in @entity1 and adolescents (6-17 years of age) with @entity952 ( @entity952 ). Methods: A 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, forced dose-titration study of once-daily 10-, 20-, 30-, or 40-mg MAS XR (n=308). Resting/sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure ( @entity11559 ) and pulse were measured at baseline and weekly thereafter. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were obtained at screening and study end point. Findings: At study end point, mean changes in SBP and @entity11559 were minimal with MAS XR (SBP: -0.2 to 1.1 mm Hg; @entity11559 : -1.0 to 2.1 mm Hg) and comparable to placebo (SBP: -0.6 mm Hg; @entity11559 : -0.4 mm Hg). Mean end point pulse was similar with MAS XR (80.6-84.7 bpm) and placebo (81.8 bpm). No dose-related trends in blood pressure and pulse changes were observed. No clinically significant changes in ECG parameters were seen with MAS XR. Changes in QTcB (Bazett's formula) interval with MAS XR were small (0.5 to 3.9 msec). No @entity1 discontinued due to a cardiovascular adverse event. Conclusion: Cardiovascular effects of MAS XR (10-40 mg) were minimal and comparable to those with placebo in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity952 .

title: Short-term cardiovascular effects of mixed @entity4944 salts extended release in XXXX and adolescents with @entity952 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['ODD', 'oppositional defiant disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Individuals differ widely in how steeply they discount future rewards. The sources of these stable individual differences in @entity245 ( @entity245 ) are largely unknown. One candidate is the @entity5549 @entity27510 polymorphism, known to modulate prefrontal @entity935 levels and affect @entity245 . To identify possible neural mechanisms by which this polymorphism may contribute to stable individual @entity245 differences, we measured 73 @entity1 ' neural baseline activation using resting electroencephalogram (EEG). Such neural baseline activation measures are highly heritable and stable over time, thus an ideal endophenotype candidate to explain how genes may influence behavior via individual differences in neural function. After EEG-recording, @entity1 made a series of incentive-compatible intertemporal choices to determine the steepness of their @entity245 . We found that @entity5549 significantly affected @entity245 and that this effect was mediated by baseline activation level in the left dorsal prefrontal cortex (DPFC): (i) @entity5549 had a significant effect on @entity245 such that the number of @entity2596 alleles was positively correlated with steeper @entity245 (higher numbers of @entity2596 alleles means greater @entity5549 activity and thus lower @entity935 levels). (ii) A whole-brain search identified a cluster in left DPFC where baseline activation was correlated with @entity245 ; lower activation was associated with steeper @entity245 . (iii) @entity5549 had a significant effect on the baseline activation level in this left DPFC cluster such that a higher number of @entity2596 alleles was associated with lower baseline activation. (iv) The effect of @entity5549 on @entity245 was explained by the mediating effect of neural baseline activation in the left DPFC cluster. Our study thus establishes baseline activation level in left DPFC as salient neural signature in the form of an endophenotype that mediates the link between @entity5549 and @entity245 .

title: Why Some @entity1 Discount More than Others: Baseline Activation in the Dorsal PFC Mediates the Link between XXXX Genotype and Impatient Choice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity27510 :: ('p|SUB|V|158|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Val158Met']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['DD', 'delay discounting']

answer: @entity5549 :: (1312,Gene) :: ['COMT']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether autoantibodies against the @entity1 beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) might be involved in @entity296 secondary to @entity340 ( @entity340 ) or @entity101 ( @entity101 ). BACKGROUND: @entity792 to beta-AR has been proposed as a pathogenic principle in @entity1 @entity296 . Recently, by the use of intact recombinant @entity1 beta-AR, we were able to confirm the existence of functionally active anti- @entity2161 autoantibodies in @entity1 with @entity384 (26% prevalence) or @entity296 (10% prevalence); however, their prevalence in other (secondary) @entity296 remained to be determined. METHODS: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was prepared from the sera of 28 @entity340 and 19 @entity101 @entity1 and first screened by a peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (antigens: aminoterminus, second extracellular loop [ECII] and carboxyterminus of @entity1 beta-1- and beta-2-AR). IgG from 108 gender- and age-matched healthy subjects served to define the threshold for positive immunoreactions. Positive sera were further screened for their ability to recognize and activate native @entity1 beta-AR situated in a cell membrane. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent ( @entity340 ) or 11% ( @entity101 ) of the @entity1 and 4% of the healthy controls had IgG antibodies randomly directed against all the three domains tested and both beta-AR subtypes. Only one @entity1 with aortic valve and concomitant @entity301 and one healthy subject had functionally active anti- @entity2161 (targeting beta-1-ECII). Moreover, one @entity101 @entity1 with concomitant collagenosis had IgG that was cross-reacting with recombinant beta-AR in immunological assays but was unable to affect receptor function. CONCLUSIONS: Autoimmune reactions against the @entity1 beta-AR do not appear to be associated with @entity296 secondary to @entity340 or @entity101 .

title: Activating @entity2161 antibodies are not associated with XXXX secondary to @entity340 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies', 'cardiomyopathy', 'ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease', 'HHD']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['VHD', 'valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmunity']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathies']


abstract: AIM: To assess whether an additional histopathological examination of ultrasound-guided core biopsy (USCB)/fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of abnormal axillary lymph nodes (ALN) can improve the preoperative diagnosis of axillary nodal @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with suspected @entity0 and abnormal axillary ultrasound (AUS), but negative USCB on standard histopathological assessment were included. From the core biopsies six additional levels were sectioned for @entity6175 and @entity1711 examination, and two levels were sectioned for immunohistochemistry with @entity2278 . The presence of metastatic disease was noted. RESULTS: The USCB of 102 @entity1 were submitted for additional histopathological examination, of whom 58 had screen-detected lesions and 44 had symptomatic lesions. Eighty underwent axillary surgery for invasive @entity189 (n = 74) or for @entity513 in situ (DCIS) requiring mastectomy (n = 6). Twelve @entity1 were found to have @entity66 with a mean of two nodes involved. The additional histopathological assessment of the nodal USCBs revealed @entity5 not seen at the standard examination in only three cases, which consisted of @entity5 cells (n = 2) and micrometastasis (n = 1). All three @entity1 underwent subsequent axillary node clearance; however, no upgrade of @entity66 was found at final histopathology. CONCLUSION: Additional histopathological examination of USCBs of radiologically abnormal @entity16292 does not improve the preoperative diagnosis of axillary nodal @entity3 in primary @entity0 and may lead to unnecessary axillary clearance.

title: Can additional histopathological examination of ultrasound-guided axillary lymph node core biopsies improve preoperative diagnosis of primary @entity0 nodal XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['axillary disease', 'nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) has been found to exert beneficial effects on lipid profile and repress de novo @entity844 synthesis in mammary gland during lactation. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the antilipogenic effects of CLA have not been established. The cytosolic @entity1110 + -dependent @entity9275 dehydrogenase ( @entity37040 ) plays a critical role in @entity165 and @entity844 biosynthesis by providing reducing equivalents as @entity1110 . In previous studies, we documented that the expression of @entity37040 in @entity291 mammary epithelium was modulated by regulators of mammary differentiation and metabolic effectors. In this study, we investigated the short-term effects of prolactin (PRL) and CLA on @entity37040 expression in BME-UV @entity291 mammary epithelial cells. In time-course experiments, we found that the treatment with PRL for 60 and 90 min elicited a significant increase in @entity37040 transcript levels. Conversely, the cotreatment of BME-UV cells with PRL plus a CLA mixture for 90 min prevented the accumulation of @entity37040 mRNA induced by PRL. In addition, we found that the trans-10, cis-12 CLA, but not the cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer, inhibited basal- and PRL-induced @entity37040 mRNA expression. The inhibitory effects of the trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer on PRL-induced @entity37040 expression accumulation were confirmed by quantitative real time PCR and western-blotting analysis. We propose that the inhibitory effects of CLA on milk fat synthesis in mammary epithelial cells may derive, at least in part, from repression of @entity37040 expression.

title: Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated @entity4722 inhibits prolactin-induced cytosolic @entity1110 + -dependent XXXX dehydrogenase expression in @entity291 mammary epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity9275 :: ('MESH:C034219', 'Chemical') :: ['isocitrate']

answer: @entity9275 :: (MESH:C034219,Chemical) :: ['isocitrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Because the histaminergic system in the brain is involved in regulation of @entity158 , the relationship between central histaminergic activity and @entity9 is of interest. METHODS: @entity9 was induced in @entity35 by partial ligation of the left sciatic nerve, and changes in the extracellular concentration of @entity112 in the right striatum were examined by a microdialysis procedure 2 weeks later. The nociceptive threshold was determined with von Frey tests, and effects of histaminergic ligands were examined. RESULTS: Although the extracellular concentration of @entity112 did not differ between the sham-operated and ligated groups, histaminergic activity assessed by @entity38109 -induced accumulation of @entity112 was facilitated in ligated animals. The @entity38109 treatment ameliorated @entity9 in ligated animals, although the agent did not affect the threshold in sham-operated @entity35 . Either intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of @entity112 (30 microg) or intraperitoneal (IP) administration of @entity14614 (370 mg/kg) decreased the nociceptive threshold in ligated @entity35 . However, a high dose of @entity112 (180 microg ICV) increased the nociceptive threshold. @entity5616 (100 microg ICV), an H2 antagonist, increased the threshold, whereas @entity8765 (15 microg ICV), an H1 antagonist, showed no remarkable change. Administration of @entity13686 (30 microg ICV), an H3 antagonist, increased the threshold, although systemic administration of the agent (3.6 mg/kg IP) decreased it. CONCLUSIONS: Blockade of supraspinal @entity112 H2 receptors or stimulation of spinal H3 receptors may contribute to alleviation of @entity9 .

title: Histaminergic involvement in @entity9 produced by partial ligation of the sciatic nerve in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity38109 :: ('MESH:C006308', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprine']

entities_list: @entity14614 :: ('CHEBI:15971', 'Chemical') :: ['L-histidine']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrilamine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['Ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity13686 :: ('MESH:C052075', 'Chemical') :: ['thioperamide']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']