abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation often results in enduring @entity73 and is a risk factor for postoperative @entity73 . There are currently no effective treatments for @entity281 -induced @entity73 . Previous studies have shown that the @entity68 chelator @entity5532 ( @entity9268 ) can increase the resistance of neurons to injury and disease by stimulating adaptive cellular stress responses. However, the impact of @entity9268 on the cognitive sequelae of neuroinflammation is unknown. METHODS: A @entity19 model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced @entity73 was established to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of @entity9268 against LPS-induced @entity2414 and neuroinflammation. Adult C57BL/6 @entity19 were treated with 0.5   g of @entity9268 3  days prior to intracerebroventricular microinjection of 2   g of LPS. Cognitive function was assessed using a Morris water maze from post-injection days 1 to 3. Animal behavioral tests, as well as pathological and biochemical assays were performed to evaluate the LPS-induced @entity131 and the neuroprotective effect of @entity9268 . RESULTS: Treatment of @entity19 with LPS resulted in deficits in cognitive performance in the Morris water maze without changing locomotor activity, which were ameliorated by pretreatment with @entity9268 . @entity9268 prevented LPS-induced microglial activation and elevations of @entity635 and @entity637 levels in the hippocampus. Moreover, @entity9268 attenuated elevated expression of @entity185 , modulated @entity6913 activity, and prevented LPS-induced increases of @entity1865 and SOD levels in the hippocampus. @entity9268 also significantly blocked LPS-induced @entity68 accumulation and altered expression of proteins related to @entity68 metabolism in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity9268 may possess a neuroprotective effect against LPS-induced @entity73 via mechanisms involving maintenance of less brain @entity68 , prevention of neuroinflammation, and alleviation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.

title: @entity5532 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity2414 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal damage']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 131 Background: NAT is standard of care for locally advanced @entity0 (LABC). Early @entity0 (EBC) may also benefit, particularly certain subtypes, such as @entity1722 -enriched or basal- like. We developed a clinical care pathway to standardize the assessment and treatment of LABC and higher-risk EBC at the Odette Cancer Centre (OCC). PURPOSE: Evaluate treatment patterns within the LABC/NAT program at the OCC, and to determine if these patterns changed after the introduction of a clinical care pathway. This study also aimed to evaluate treatment efficacy (pCR rates) by NAT regimen and @entity0 phenotype, as compared to the literature. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of @entity1 treated with NAT at the OCC from January 2008 to March 2012. RESULTS: 158 @entity1 were reviewed. Median age at diagnosis was 50 years (28-85), and median @entity5 size was 7 cm (0-21). 74% were stage IIB-IIIB, and 11.2% were considered non-LABC (or EBC). 65.8% of @entity0 were @entity172 receptor positive (ER+), and 29.7% were @entity1722 positive ( @entity1722 +). 96% of NAT chemotherapy regimens were @entity5948 and @entity3907 -based, and trastuzumab was given to 29.7% of @entity1722 positive cases. pCR was achieved in 20.9% of all cases and this did not vary by type of chemotherapy regimen; pCR rates did vary by @entity0 phenotype, with 6.25%, 57.5% and 25% pCR achieved for ER+, @entity1722 + and @entity5 , respectively. Median follow-up was 13 months (0-46), and overall DFS was 90%; survival did not vary by NAT regimen or pCR, but did vary by phenotype, whereby DFS was 100% for @entity1722 positive, 90% for ER+, and 78% for @entity5 . There was no significant difference found in types of @entity1 , NAT regimen, or pCR rates before and after the pathway was introduced. CONCLUSIONS: Practice patterns at the OCC in NAT for @entity0 remained unchanged before and after development of a clinical care pathway, which was meant to standardize the approach to and to possibly increase the use of NAT from beyond LABC to higher-risk EBC. This is likely due to limited pathway dissemination, but other factors contributing to this should be evaluated. pCR rates by @entity5 phenotype were similar to those found in the literature.

title: Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for XXXX at the Odette Cancer Centre: What have we been doing and how do we compare?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'TN cancers', 'triple negative (TN) cancers']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The excess risk of second @entity978 is an increasing problem. In light of the long-term data, guidelines for follow-up of survivors of @entity978 need to be redefined. In this study we attempt to analyze the long-term risks and temporal trends, identify @entity1 - and treatment-related risk factors, and determine the prognosis of @entity1 who develop a second @entity5 after radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy for @entity978 . Among 1319 @entity1 with clinical stage I-IV @entity978 , 181 second @entity5 and 18 third @entity5 were observed. With a median follow-up of 12 years, the relative risk (RR) and absolute excess risk of second @entity5 were 4.6 and 89.3/10 000 @entity1 -years. The RR was significantly higher with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy (6.1) than with radiation therapy alone (4.0, P =.015). The risk increased with increasing radiation field size (P =.03) in @entity1 who received combined modality therapy, and with time after @entity978 . After 15 and 20 years, there was a 2.3% and 4.0% excess risk of second @entity5 per @entity1 per year. The 5-year survival after development of a second @entity5 was 38.1%, with the worst prognosis seen after @entity2 . The excess risk of second @entity978 continues to be increased after 15 to 20 years, and there does not appear to be a plateau. Our analysis suggests that the risk may be reduced with smaller radiation fields, as are used in current trials of abbreviated chemotherapy and limited-field radiation therapy.

title: Second XXXX treated with radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy: long-term risks and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy after Hodgkin disease', 'Hodgkin disease']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['malignancy after Hodgkin disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet function may be abnormal in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) and could be related to abnormal thrombogenesis. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate new aspects of platelet biology in @entity955 , predominantly focusing on platelet activation and the effects of concomitant antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study group of 238 @entity1 were (i). 93 @entity1 on no antithrombotic therapy, (ii). 60 @entity1 taking 75-325 mg @entity117 /day, and (iii). 85 @entity1 on dose-adjusted @entity1229 (International Normalised Ratio [INR] range 2.0-3.0). Results were compared with those from 50 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Platelet markers (plasma beta-thromboglobulin, soluble glycoprotein V [both ELISA]), coagulation markers (fibrin D-dimer [ELISA] and fibrinogen [Clauss]), and @entity1423 in response to standard platelet agonists were studied. RESULTS: beta-thromboglobulin (P=0.01), soluble glycoprotein V (P<0.001) and fibrin D-dimer (P=0.002) were higher in untreated @entity955 @entity1 compared to healthy controls. @entity955 @entity1 on @entity1229 had lower fibrin D-dimer (P<0.001) when compared to @entity955 @entity1 on no therapy. Plasma fibrinogen and @entity1423 was no different between @entity1 with @entity955 and healthy controls. @entity117 use was associated with reduced @entity1423 response to @entity1425 (P=0.01), whilst @entity1 established on @entity1229 had significantly lower plasma fibrin D-dimer levels. CONCLUSION: @entity955 @entity1 exhibit changes in plasma markers of platelet function but no significant @entity1423 . However, treatment with @entity1229 or @entity117 failed to demonstrate any significant benefit on platelet activation, although @entity1229 use was associated with reduced thrombogenesis (fibrin D-dimer). We suggest that platelet activation may not play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1031 in @entity955 .

title: A study of platelet activation in XXXX and the effects of antithrombotic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of platelet aggregation', 'platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: As a commonly used implant material, @entity77 cement (CSC), has some shortcomings, including low compressive strength, weak osteoinduction capability, and rapid degradation. In this study, @entity3440 -based mesoporous materials such as @entity42540 were synthesized and combined with CSC to prepare CSC/ @entity42540 composites. The properties of @entity42540 were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and @entity1568 adsorption-desorption isotherms. @entity42540 was blended into CSC at 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt%, referred to as CSC, CSC-5S (5% mass ratio), CSC-10S (10% mass ratio), and CSC-20S (20% mass ratio), respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and compression tests were used to determine the structure and mechanical properties of the composites, respectively. The formation of @entity692 on composite surfaces was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction after soaking in simulated body fluid. @entity1841 was loaded into the composites by vacuum freeze-drying, and its release characteristics were detected by Bradford protein assay. The in vitro degradation of the CSC/ @entity42540 composite was investigated by measuring weight loss. The results showed that the orderly, nanostructured, mesoporous @entity42540 possessed regular pore size and structure. The compressive strength of CSC/ @entity42540 increased with the increase in @entity42540 mass ratio, and CSC-20S demonstrated the maximum strength. Compared to CSC, @entity692 that formed on the surfaces of CSC/ @entity42540 was uniform and compact. The degradation rate of CSC/ @entity42540 decreased with increasing mass ratio of @entity42540 . The adsorption of @entity1841 increased and released at a relatively slow rate; the release rate of @entity1841 in CSC-20S was the slowest, and presented characteristics of low doses of release. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the physical properties of pure CSC incorporated with @entity42540 could be improved significantly, which made the CSC/ @entity42540 composite more suitable for bone repair and bone-tissue engineering.

title: Preparation and physical characterization of XXXX cement/ @entity3440 -based mesoporous material composites for controlled release of @entity1841 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity77 :: ('MESH:D002133', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium sulfate']

answer: @entity77 :: (MESH:D002133,Chemical) :: ['calcium sulfate']


abstract: Background. The transregional increase in pollen-associated @entity566 and their diversity have been scientifically proven. However, patchy pollen count measurement in many regions is a worldwide problem with few exceptions. Methods. This paper used data gathered from pollen count stations in Germany, Google queries using relevant allergological/biological keywords, and @entity1 data from three German study centres collected in a prospective, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre immunotherapy study to analyse a possible correlation between these data pools. Results. Overall, correlations between the @entity1 -based, combined symptom medication score and Google data were stronger than those with the regionally measured pollen count data. The correlation of the Google data was especially strong in the groups of severe @entity566 sufferers. The results of the three-centre analyses show moderate to strong correlations with the Google keywords (up to >0.8 cross-correlation coefficient, P < 0.001) in 10 out of 11 groups (three averaged @entity1 cohorts and eight subgroups of severe @entity566 sufferers: high IgE class, high combined symptom medication score, and @entity565 ). Conclusion. For countries with a good Internet infrastructure but no dense network of pollen traps, this could represent an alternative for determining pollen levels and, forecasting the pollen count for the next day.

title: A model for the determination of pollen count using google search queries for XXXX suffering from allergic rhinitis.

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies', 'allergy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This single-centre study retrospectively reviews the complications in @entity1 that have occurred following @entity1263 biopsy, and assesses whether there is an association with biopsy technique or underlying lesion characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 41 consecutive core needle biopsies of proven @entity1263 over a 2-year period in a tertiary teaching hospital were reviewed. @entity1 demographics and symptoms, @entity5 characteristics and radiological appearances were recorded. Biopsy and surgical histology were correlated, and post-biopsy and surgical complications analyzed. RESULTS: 41 biopsies were performed in 38 @entity1 . 68  % @entity808 , 24  % @entity3292 and 7  % malignant @entity1263 . Biopsy histology correlated with surgery in all cases. 71  % of lesions were surgically excised. 60  % of @entity1 reported @entity158 related to their lesion. Following the biopsy, 12  % reported @entity158 , which resolved in all cases. @entity158 exacerbation was noted in @entity5 smaller in size, more superficial and in closer proximity of the biopsy needle tip to the traversing nerve. Number of biopsy needle passes was not associated with an increased incidence of procedure-related @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Core biopsy of a suspected @entity1263 may be performed safely before excisional surgery to confirm lesion histology and assist prognosis. There is excellent correlation between core biopsy and excised surgical specimen histology. The most common complication of @entity158 exacerbation is seen in a minority and is temporary, and more likely with smaller, more superficial lesions and a closer needle-tip to traversing nerve distance during biopsy.

title: Accuracy and complications of CT-guided core needle biopsy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve sheath tumour', 'peripheral nerve sheath tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1263 :: (MESH:D010524,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve sheath tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mitral valve repair is perceived to be of limited durability for advanced @entity627 in adults. We aim to examine the long-term outcomes of repair for @entity627 , identify predictors of durability, and compare with repair for @entity179 . METHODS: @entity627 in @entity1 aged 40 years or more were prospectively analyzed. The primary outcomes investigated were mortality, freedom from reoperation, and @entity712 . Logistic regression analysis was performed to define predictors of poor outcome. RESULTS: Between 1997 and 2011, 253 rheumatic and 148 @entity339 were repaired. The age of @entity1 in both groups was similar, with a mean of 54.1    8.4 years versus 55.6    7.3 years (P  =  .49). Freedom from reoperation for rheumatic valves at 5 and 10 years was 98.4%, comparable to 95.3% (P  =  .12) for degenerative valves. Freedom from @entity712 at 5 and 10 years was 91.4% and 81.5% for rheumatic repairs and 82.5% and 75.4% for degenerative repairs, respectively (P  =  .15). The presence of residual @entity339 greater than 2+ before discharge was the only significant independent predictor of reoperation, whereas residual @entity339 greater than 2+ and leaflet procedures were significant risk factors for @entity712 . CONCLUSIONS: The durability of rheumatic mitral valve repair in the current era has improved and is comparable to the outstanding durability of repairs for @entity179 , even in the adult rheumatic population. Modifications of standard repair techniques, adherence to the importance of good leaflet coaptation, and strict quality control with stringent use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography have all contributed to the improved long-term results.

title: Comparative long-term results of mitral valve repair in adults with chronic XXXX and @entity179 : Is repair for "burnt-out" @entity627 still inferior to repair for @entity179 in the current era?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['valve failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative mitral valves', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic and degenerative mitral valve repairs', 'rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The external carotid artery (ECA) can be an important source of cerebral blood flow in cases of high-grade internal @entity543 or @entity432 . However, the treatment of the ECA is fundamentally different between carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ). CEA is routinely associated with endarterectomy of the ECA, whereas @entity2998 excludes the ECA from direct flow. We hypothesize that these differences make @entity432 more common after @entity2998 . Further, the impact of @entity2998 on blood flow into the ECA is interesting because the flow from the stent into the ECA is altered in a way that may promote @entity32 and may influence in-stent restenosis (ISR). Thus, our objective was to use our institutional database to identify whether @entity2998 increased the rate of @entity432 and, if it did, whether @entity432 was associated with ISR. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing @entity2998 or CEA from February 2007 to February 2012 were identified from our institutional carotid therapy database. Preoperative and postoperative images of @entity1 who followed up in our institution were included in the analysis of @entity432 and rates of ISR. RESULTS: There were 210 (67%) @entity2998 @entity1 and 207 (60%) CEA @entity1 included in this analysis. Despite @entity2998 @entity1 being younger (68 vs 70  years), having shorter follow-up (12.5 vs 56.2  months), and being more likely to take @entity1397 (97% vs 35%), they had an increased rate of @entity432 (3.8%) compared with CEA @entity1 (0.4%). @entity2998 @entity1 who went on to @entity432 had an increased incidence of @entity135 (50% vs 15%; P  = .03), but we did not identify an association of @entity432 with ISR >50%. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas prior publications have identified increased rates of external @entity543 , this is the first demonstration of increased @entity432 after @entity2998 . However, @entity432 is uncommon (   4%) and did not have an association with ISR >50%. Future work modeling ECA flow patterns before and after @entity2998 will be used to further test this interaction.

title: Carotid artery stenting has increased risk of external carotid XXXX compared with carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['prior neck irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['ECA occlusion', 'occlusion']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusion']


abstract: We compared the secondary spermatogonia and the primary spermatocytes of @entity1238 for the proteins in their microsomal fractions and identified a newly synthesized protein (94 kDa) and three other proteins (99, 85, and 72 kDa) which increased their amount after entering the meiotic phase. These four proteins were used as antigens to produce polyclonal antibody which was found to react with the four proteins as well as two other proteins (208 and 60 kDa). Immunoscreening of @entity1238 testis cDNA library with this polyclonal antibody yielded two cDNA clones ( @entity65091 and @entity65092 ) encoding novel proteins. @entity65091 mRNA was specifically expressed in the spermatogenic cells from the mid-pachytene stage to completion of two meiotic divisions. The putative @entity65091 protein contained 19 tandem repeats of 26 @entity535 residues rich in @entity1521 as well as potential phosphorylation sites (i.e., @entity563 and @entity1889 residues). Around this repetitive area, we found five PEST sequences known as a proteolytic signal to target protein for degradation. The presence of PEST sequences was believed to allow protein levels to closely parallel mRNA abundance. These results suggested the possible role of this novel protein in the regulation of two meiotic divisions specific to the spermatogenesis in a phosphorylation- and/or dephosphorylation-dependent manner. On the other hand, @entity65092 mRNA was expressed in both spermatogenic and oogenic cells except for round spermatids and the later stage cells. This mRNA was also expressed in the early stage embryos and its amount was kept constant from the St. I oocyte to the gastrula stage and decreased thereafter. The putative @entity65092 protein contained four complete and one partial tudor-like domains that were discovered in @entity238 tudor protein which plays an important role in PGC differentiation and abdominal segmentation. The characteristic expression profile of @entity65092 and the protein structure similar to the @entity238 tudor protein suggested its possible role in the progression of meiosis and PGC differentiation.

title: Two novel genes expressed in XXXX germ line: characteristic features of putative protein structures, their gene expression profiles and their possible roles in gametogenesis and embryogenesis.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two prenatal screening tests for @entity154 are offered to all pregnant @entity1 in the Netherlands on an opt-in basis: the Combined Test (CT) for Down syndrome at twelve weeks, and the @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) at around twenty weeks. The CT is free for @entity1 who are 36 or older; the @entity2241 is free for all @entity1 . We investigated factors associated with the CT and @entity2241 uptake. METHOD: This study is part of the DELIVER study that evaluated primary care midwifery in the Netherlands. Associations between the @entity1 's characteristics and the CT and @entity2241 uptake were measured using multivariate and multilevel logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Of 5216 @entity1 , 23% had the CT and 90% had the @entity2241 , with uptake rates ranging from 4% to 48% and 62% to 98% respectively between practices. Age (OR: 2.71), income (OR: 1.38), ethnicity (OR: 1.37), being Protestant (OR: 0.25), multiparous (OR: 0.64) and living in the east of the country (OR: 0.31) were associated with CT uptake; education (OR: 1.26), income (OR: 1.66), being Protestant (OR: 0.37) or Muslim (OR: 0.31) and being multiparous (OR: 0.74) were associated with @entity2241 uptake. Among western @entity1 with a non-Dutch background, first generation (OR: 2.91), age (OR: 2.00), income (OR: 1.97), being Protestant (OR: 0.32) and living in the east (OR: 0.44) were associated with CT uptake; being Catholic (OR: 0.27), Protestant (OR: 0.13) were associated with @entity2241 uptake. Among non- western @entity1 with a non-Dutch background, age (OR: 1.73), income (OR: 1.97) and lacking proficiency in Dutch (OR: 2.18) were associated with CT uptake; higher education (OR: 1.47), being Muslim (OR: 0.37) and first generation (OR: 0.27) were associated with @entity2241 uptake. CONCLUSION: The uptake of the CT and @entity2241 varied widely between practices. Income, parity and being Protestant were associated with uptake of both tests; ethnicity, age and living in the east were associated with CT uptake, and education and being Muslim with @entity2241 uptake. These findings help to explain some differences between @entity1 choosing or declining early and late screening, but not the large variation in test uptake among practices, nor between the Netherlands and other countries.

title: Factors affecting the uptake of prenatal screening tests for XXXX ; a multicentre prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FAS', 'Fetal Anomaly Scan']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A retrospective study to evaluate the clinical symptoms, signs, investigations, surgical technique and follow-up of an uncommon @entity5 . METHODS: Experimental design and setting: this retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in South India on @entity1 treated from 1981 to 1996. Duration of follow-up has been for a maximum period of 9.5 years. @entity1 : all @entity1 who were diagnosed to have right @entity4615 were included in this study. There were seven @entity1 (4 males, 3 females) with ages ranging from 16 to 52 years. INTERVENTIONS: six of these @entity1 underwent complete excision. One @entity1 who presented with @entity6480 obstruction had locally invasive @entity5 and only a biopsy was done. In order to reduce the risk of intraoperative @entity1151 in the last two cases, we crossclamped the pulmonary artery as soon as cardiopulmonary bypass was initiated. RESULTS: There was one @entity204 due to refractory @entity67 (14.3%). Four @entity1 have been followed-up for a mean of 40.7 months. All of them are free of recurrence and most of them are asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: Right @entity4615 is a rare usually benign cardiac @entity5 whose definitive diagnosis is made on the basis of 2D echocardiography. The crucial aspects of surgery are measures for prevention of intraoperative @entity887 , en-bloc excision of the @entity5 with a wide cuff of normal tissue and inspection of all four chambers in order to avoid missing @entity5 emboli or an occasional @entity75 . @entity1 with @entity999 into the pulmonary artery require simultaneous pulmonary embolectomy.

title: Surgical management of right XXXX . A 15 year experience with review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cardiac tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multicentric lesion']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous emboli']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

answer: @entity4615 :: (MESH:C538262,Disease) :: ['atrial myxomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metabolic reprogramming is an emerging topic in @entity5 research. However, genetic alterations in genes encoding enzymes involved in @entity535 metabolism are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore whether genes known to be involved in @entity535 metabolism are mutated in @entity356 ( @entity356 ) and/or @entity14 ( @entity14 ). METHODS: Through a public database search, we found that a number of genes known to be involved in @entity535 metabolism, i.e., @entity12297 , @entity6921 , @entity64915 , MTR, @entity16610 , @entity35247 , @entity29069 , CAD, DDC, @entity45935 , DLD, @entity34186 , @entity64916 and MUT, harbor mononucleotide repeats that may serve as mutation targets in @entity5 exhibiting @entity124 ( @entity124 ). We assessed these genes for the presence of the mutations in 79 GCs and 124 CRCs using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and direct sequencing analyses. RESULTS: Using SSCP in conjunction with DNA sequencing we detected frameshift mutations in @entity12297 (17 cases), @entity6921 (3 cases), @entity64915 (4 cases), MTR (5 cases), @entity16610 (1 case), @entity35247 (1 case), @entity29069 (2 cases), CAD (2 cases), DDC (1 case), @entity45935 (3 cases), DLD (1 case), @entity34186 (1 case), @entity64916 (5 cases) and MUT (1 case). These mutations were exclusively detected in @entity124 ( @entity124 ), and not in @entity124 -low or @entity124 -stable ( @entity124 -L/MSS) cases. In addition, we analyzed 16 CRCs for the presence of @entity5 heterogeneity (ITH) and found that two CRCs harbored regional ITH for @entity45935 frameshift mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that genes known to be involved in @entity535 metabolism recurrently acquire somatic mutations in @entity21506 -H GCs and @entity21506 -H CRCs and that, in addition, mutation ITH does occur in at least some of these @entity5 . Together, these data suggest that metabolic reprogramming may play a role in the etiology of @entity124 GCs and CRCs. Our data also suggest that ultra-regional mutation analysis is required for a more comprehensive evaluation of the mutation status in these @entity5 .

title: Somatic mutations of XXXX metabolism-related genes in @entity14 and their regional heterogeneity - a short report.

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI-H', 'MSI', 'microsatellite instability', 'MSI-high']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'intra-tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['GC', 'gastric cancer']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and morbidity associated with bowel resection at the initial debulking procedure for @entity1 with advanced @entity43 . DESIGN: Retrospective medical record and computerised database review. SETTING: John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales. SAMPLE: All @entity1 with FIGO stage III or @entity43 and with adequate case note documentation who underwent bowel resection as part of their primary debulking surgery at the John Hunter Hospital from 1991 to July 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cumulative overall and disease free survival, optimal (residual disease < 1 cm) versus suboptimal cytoreduction and short (< 6 weeks) and long-term postoperative morbidity. RESULTS: For the optimally debulked @entity1 the two and five-year overall and disease free survival rates were 49%, 30%, 19% and 8.9% respectively. The two-year overall survival rate for the suboptimally debulked @entity1 was 20%. The major short-term morbidity rate was 17.6%. Long-term morbidity occurred in 10 of 51 @entity1 ; however, not all morbidity was surgery related. CONCLUSIONS: Cytoreductive surgery, including bowel resection, appears indicated in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity43 . The surgical morbidity rate from these procedures appears acceptable.

title: The place of bowel resection in initial debulking surgery for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['IV epithelial ovarian cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: SUBJECT OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal number of therapist-guided Cognitive-Behavioral Insomnia Therapy (CBT) sessions required for treating primary sleep-maintenance @entity22 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized, parallel-group, clinical trial at a single academic medical center. Outpatient treatment lasted 8 weeks with final follow-up conducted at 6 months. @entity1 : 86 adults (43 @entity1 ; mean age 55.4 +/- 9.7 years) with primary sleep-maintenance @entity22 (nightly mean wake time after sleep onset [WASO] = 93.4 +/- 44.5 minutes). INTERVENTIONS: One (week 1), 2 (weeks 1 and 5), 4 (biweekly), or 8 (weekly) individual CBT sessions scheduled over an 8-week treatment phase, compared with an 8-week no-treatment waiting period (WL). MEASUREMENT: Sleep diary and actigraphy measures of total sleep time, onset latency, WASO, total wake time, and sleep efficiency, as well as questionnaire measures of @entity22 , sleep related self-efficacy, and mood. RESULTS: Statistical tests of subjective/objective sleep measures favored the 1- and 4-session CBT doses over the other CBT doses and WL control. However, comparisons of pretreatment data with data acquired at the 6-month follow-up showed only the 4-session group showed significant long-term improvements in objective wake time and sleep efficiency measures. Additionally, 58.3% of the @entity1 receiving 4 CBT sessions met criteria for clinically significant improvement by the end of treatment compared to 43.8% of those receiving 1 CBT session, 22.2% of those provided 2 sessions, 35.3% of those receiving 8 sessions, and 9.1% of those in the control condition. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that 4 individual, biweekly sessions represents the optimal dosing for the CBT intervention tested. Additional dose-response studies are warranted to test CBT models that contain additional treatment components or are delivered via group therapy.

title: Dose-response effects of cognitive-behavioral XXXX therapy: a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['global insomnia symptoms', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: A profile of @entity1576 has been associated with the onset and development of @entity28 in @entity1 . Similar phenotypes have been routinely demonstrated in genetic animal models of @entity28 such as the ob @entity19 (C57BL/6J-Lepob). The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that a @entity1576 are attenuated with @entity3237 (i.e., protein product of the ob gene) replacement. Daily @entity3237 administration during a 6-wk period was conducted to control body weight of mutant ob @entity19 similar to genotypic control groups. During the treatment period, repeated baseline ventilatory measurements were assessed by using whole body plethysmography while quasistatic pressure-volume curves were performed to further explore the role of @entity3237 in improving lung mechanics. Diaphragmatic myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform phenotype was examined to determine proportional changes in MHC composition. In room air, breathing frequency and minute ventilation were significantly (P < 0.01) different among ob treatment groups, suggesting that @entity3237 opposed the development of a rapid breathing pattern observed in vehicle-treated ob @entity19 . Quasistatic deflation curves indicated that the lung volume of @entity3237 -treated ob @entity19 was significantly (P < 0.05) greater relative to vehicle-treated ob @entity19 at airway pressures between 0 and 30 cm @entity2507 . Diaphragm MHC composition of @entity3237 -treated ob @entity19 was restored significantly (P < 0.05) to resemble the control phenotype. In this genetic @entity19 model of @entity28 , the results suggested that @entity1576 associated with the @entity28 phenotype, including rapid breathing pattern at baseline, diminished lung compliance, and abnormal respiratory muscle adaptations, are attenuated with prolonged @entity3237 treatment.

title: @entity3237 attenuates @entity1576 associated with the XXXX phenotype.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications', 'constellation of respiratory complications']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between late rectal complications and rectal dose in @entity5 @entity1 treated with high-dose-rate intracavitary radiotherapy ( @entity3831 ICR) and to analyze factors reducing rectal complications. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 136 @entity1 with @entity5 who were treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and @entity3831 ICR from 1995 to 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. Radiotherapy (RT) consisted of EBRT plus @entity3831 ICR. The median EBRT dose was 50.4 Gy, and @entity601 was done after 30-50 Gy of EBRT. A total of six fractions of @entity3831 ICR with 4 Gy fraction size each were applied twice per week to the A point. The rectal dose was calculated at the rectal reference point using the barium contrast criteria. In vivo measurement of the rectal dose was performed with thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) during @entity3831 ICR. The median follow-up period was 26 months (range 6-60 months). RESULTS: A total of 16 @entity1 (12%) experienced @entity548 , which occurred 4-33 months (median 11 months) after the completion of RT. The calculated rectal doses did not differ in @entity1 with @entity548 and those without, but the measured rectal doses were higher in affected @entity1 . The differences of the measured ICR fractional rectal dose, ICR total rectal dose, and total rectal biologically equivalent dose (BED) were statistically significant. When the measured ICR total rectal dose exceeded 16 Gy, the ratio of the measured rectal dose to A point dose was > 70%; when the measured rectal BED exceeded 110 Gy(3), a high possibility of late rectal complications could be found. CONCLUSION: In vivo dosimetry using TLD during @entity3831 ICR was a good predictor of late rectal complications. Hence, if data from in vivo dosimetry shows any possibility of @entity548 , efforts should be made to reduce the rectal dose.

title: Comparison between in vivo dosimetry and barium contrast technique for prediction of rectal complications in high-dose-rate intracavitary radiotherapy in @entity5 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervix cancer']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['midline block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether survival from out-of-hospital @entity1167 is influenced by the on-scene availability of different grades of ambulance personnel and other health professionals. DESIGN: Population based, retrospective, observational study. SETTING: County of Nottinghamshire with a population of one million. SUBJECTS: All 2094 @entity1 who had resuscitation attempted by Nottinghamshire Ambulance Service crew from 1991 to 1994; study of 1547 @entity1 whose arrest were of cardiac aetiology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival to hospital admission and survival to hospital discharge. RESULTS: Overall survival from out-of-hospital @entity1167 remains poor: 221 @entity1 (14.3%) survived to reach hospital alive and only 94 (6.1%) survived to be discharged from hospital. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the chances of those resuscitated by technician crew reaching hospital alive were poor but were greater when paramedic crew were either called to assist technicians or dealt with the arrest themselves (odds ratio 6.9 (95% confidence interval 3.92 to 26.61)). Compared to technician crew, survival to hospital discharge was only significantly improved with paramedic crew (3.55 (1.62 to 7.79)) and further improved when paramedics were assisted by either a health professional (9.91 (3.12 to 26.61)) or a medical practitioner (20.88 (6.72 to 64.94)). CONCLUSIONS: Survival from out-of-hospital @entity1167 remains poor despite attendance at the scene of the arrest by ambulance crew and other health professionals. @entity1 resuscitated by a paramedic from out-of-hospital @entity1167 caused by @entity299 were more likely to survive to hospital discharge than when resuscitation was provided by an ambulance technician. Resuscitation by a paramedic assisted by a medical practitioner offers a @entity1 the best chances of surviving the event.

title: Resuscitation from out-of-hospital XXXX : is survival dependent on who is available at the scene?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), serum @entity1011 (sCr) levels have short- and long-term prognostic value. However, it is possible that repeated evaluations of sCr during hospitalization, rather than measuring sCr value at admission only, might improve risk assessment. We investigated the relationship between sCr baseline value, its changes, and in-hospital mortality in @entity1 hospitalized with @entity1187 . METHODS: In 2,756 @entity1187 @entity1 , sCr was measured at hospital admission and then daily, until discharge from coronary care unit. @entity1 were grouped according to the maximum sCr change observed: <0.3 mg/dL change from baseline (stable renal function [SRF] group), >= 0.3 mg/dL decrease ( @entity177 [ @entity177 ] group), and >= 0.3 mg/dL increase ( @entity177 [ @entity177 ] group). RESULTS: Of the 2,756 @entity1 , 2,163 (78%) had SRF, 292 (11%) had @entity177 , and 301 (11%) had @entity177 . In-hospital mortality in the 3 groups was 0.5%, 2%, and 14% (P < .001), respectively. Peak sCr value was a more powerful predictor of mortality (area under the curve 0.86, 95% CI 0.81-0.92) than the initial sCr value (area under the curve 0.69, 95% CI 0.63-0.77; P < .001). When sCr and its change patterns during coronary care unit stay were evaluated together, improved mortality risk stratification was found. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1187 @entity1 , daily sCr value and its change pattern are stronger predictors of in-hospital mortality than the initial sCr value only; thus, their combined evaluation provides a more accurate and dynamic stratification of @entity1 ' risk. Finally, the intermediate mortality risk of @entity177 @entity1 possibly reflects @entity810 started before hospitalization.

title: Prognostic significance of serum XXXX and its change patterns in @entity1 with @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['worsening renal function', 'improved renal function', 'WRF', 'IRF']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: A slow-release form of @entity1507 (encapsulated @entity1507 [EN]) was investigated for effects on risk of @entity137 , feed consumption rates, and feed sorting behavior in 2 experiments. In Exp. 1, 5 beef heifers (806    72 kg BW) were fed once daily at 75% of ad libitum intake. Supplementary EN (85.6% @entity3918 ; 71.4% @entity8326 on a @entity3918 basis) was increased by 1% every 4 d from 0 to 1.0, 2.0, 2.9, 3.9, 4.8, and 5.8% of dietary @entity3918 (from 10.3 to 15.6% CP and 0.11 to 4.8% total @entity8326 ). During the study, a heifer was removed due to @entity1507 poisoning with 59% blood @entity3961 ( @entity3961 ; % of total hemoglobin) at 2.9% EN and another due to refusal to eat the 2% EN diet. When dietary EN increased from 0 to 5.8%, DMI (8.8 to 7.6 kg/d; P < 0.001) and feed consumption from 0 to 3 h were decreased (70.3 to 48.6% of total feed offered on an as-is basis; P = 0.001) and feed consumption from 12 to 24 h was increased (0.6 to 22.6%; P < 0.001). Blood @entity3961 at 1% EN was negligible (<1.5% of total hemoglobin). However, @entity3961 levels were greater (average 9.8 vs. 3.1% and maximum 23.6 vs. 13.6% at 3 h) at 2.0 and 2.9% EN than at 3.9, 4.8, and 5.8% EN. In Exp. 2, 8 beef heifers (451    21 kg BW) were used in a replicated 4 * 4 Latin square design and fed for ad libitum intake, once daily, diets containing 0, 1, 2, and 3% EN (isonitrogenous, 12.7% CP, and 0.15 to 2.5% total @entity8326 in dietary @entity3918 ). Each period consisted of 14 d for adaption and 14 d for sampling followed by a 7-d washout. During adaptation, EN was provided to heifers in a stepwise manner (an increase by 1% every 4 d). In Exp. 2 with ad libitum feeding, feed consumption rates were not different (41.8% of total feed consumed from 0 to 3 h; P = 0.56) among EN levels, but DMI tended to decrease linearly (0 to 3% EN; 10.4 to 10.1 kg/d; P = 0.06) and feed was sorted (linear, P < 0.05) against concentrates (containing EN) with EN inclusion. Potential @entity137 of @entity1507 based on blood @entity3961 was not observed (all samples <2.0% of total hemoglobin). In both studies, ruminal pH increased numerically (Exp. 1) and significantly (Exp. 2; linear, P = 0.04) with EN. In conclusion, studies indicated that the organoleptic properties of diets containing >3% EN may have caused lower feed intake, reduced feed consumption rates, and feed sorting. In addition, feed consumption rate, which was altered by restrictive or ad libitum feeding, was an important factor affecting the potential @entity137 of @entity1507 (e.g., @entity3961 ). Ad libitum feeding minimized risks of @entity1507 @entity137 .

title: Effects of encapsulated XXXX on eating behavior, rumen fermentation, and blood profile of beef heifers fed restrictively or ad libitum.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3961 :: ('3048', 'Gene') :: ['MetHb', 'methemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity1507 :: (CHEBI:48107,Chemical) :: ['nitrate']


abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) are important for the induction of anti- @entity5 immunity and are currently being used in clinical trials. Whether DC in @entity5 behave the same as DC in normal tissues or whether the @entity5 subvert DC phenotype and function remains unknown. To address this, we have used a unique animal @entity5 model to compare the DC infiltrating regressing @entity5 with the DC infiltrating progressing @entity1489 . @entity5 , the regressor @entity5 were infiltrated by greater numbers of DC that were also less mature, based on MHC II expression. Apart from this, the phenotype of DC in both @entity5 was similar. However, compared to various control DC, they could not be classed as either mature or immature. Similar to terminally maturated DC but in contrast to fresh DC, @entity5 -derived DC did not express @entity5075 or @entity436 , suggesting that they most closely resembled terminally matured DC. Macrophages that expressed high MHC II levels were found infiltrating progressor but not regressor @entity5 and in vivo were the major phagocytic cell. In contrast, DC were found to be the major phagocytic cell in regressor @entity5 . The results show that immune destruction and eventual regression of @entity1489 occurs if DC rather than MHC II(high) macrophages are the major phagocytic cell.

title: Phagocytosis by dendritic cells rather than MHC IIhigh macrophages is associated with XXXX regression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Compared to progressor tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumours']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin tumour']


abstract: Previous animal experiments indicated that the effects of @entity2661 on myocardial function and subcellular systems vary considerably depending on the species and type of myocardium investigated. In the present study, we used isometric force and heat measurements to investigate the influence of @entity3044 on energetics of excitation-contraction coupling and contractile proteins in isolated nonfailing @entity1 myocardium. @entity3044 , in an average concentration of 0.8 +/- 0.3 microM, resulted in a significant increase in peak twitch @entity2701 , maximum rate of @entity2701 rise and maximum rate of @entity2701 fall by 46% (P < 0.025), 126% (P < 0.001) and 137% (P < 0.005), respectively (37 degrees C, 60 beat/min). The amount and rate of excitation-contraction coupling-related heat evolution ( @entity2701 -independent heat) increased by 116% (P < 0.03) and 176% (P < 0.02), respectively. Furthermore, the relationship of @entity2701 -independent heat to isometric @entity2701 or @entity2701 -time integral increased by 47% (P < 0.05) and 91% (P < 0.01), respectively. That is, the energy used in @entity460 cycling increased by a greater proportion than did mechanical output. @entity3044 increased the rate of the acto- @entity3999 crossbridge high-energy @entity1391 hydrolysis ( @entity2701 -dependent heat rate) by 61% (P < 0.006) and decreased the force-time integral (consistent with decrease in the attachment time) of the individual crossbridge cycle by 21% (P < 0.025). Decreased crossbridge force-time integral with @entity3044 indicates decreased economy of isometric force production at the level of the contractile proteins. Increased energy turnover of excitation-contraction coupling processes and reduced force-time integral generation by the individual crossbridge cycle resulted in increased @entity296 as indicated by a 41% increase in the ratio of total activity related heat per @entity2701 -time integral (P < 0.02). The efficiency of the metabolic recovery process as assessed by the ratio of initial heat to total activity related heat, was similar with and without @entity3044 (0.52 +/- 0.05 v 0.49 +/- 0.03; P > 0.05). Thus, @entity3044 significantly influences excitation-contraction coupling processes and crossbridge cycling, thereby increasing @entity296 per unit of isometric force production in the @entity1 myocardium.

title: Influence of XXXX on contractile protein function, excitation-contraction coupling, and energy turnover of isolated nonfailing @entity1 myocardium.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial energy turnover']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoproterenol']


abstract: Although well studied in vitro, the in vivo functions of G-quadruplexes (G4-DNA and G4-RNA) are only beginning to be defined. Recent studies have demonstrated enrichment for sequences with intramolecular G-quadruplex forming potential (QFP) in transcriptional promoters of @entity1 , @entity1573 and bacteria. Here we survey the @entity375 genome for QFP sequences and similarly find strong enrichment for these sequences in upstream promoter regions, as well as weaker but significant enrichment in open reading frames (ORFs). Further, four findings are consistent with roles for QFP sequences in transcriptional regulation. First, QFP is correlated with upstream promoter regions with low histone occupancy. Second, treatment of cells with @entity65745 (NMM), which binds G-quadruplexes selectively in vitro, causes significant upregulation of loci with QFP-possessing promoters or ORFs. NMM also causes downregulation of loci connected with the function of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA), which itself has high QFP. Third, ORFs with QFP are selectively downregulated in @entity13568 mutants that lack the G4-DNA-unwinding helicase @entity13568 . Fourth, a screen for @entity375 mutants that enhance or suppress growth inhibition by NMM revealed enrichment for chromatin and transcriptional regulators, as well as telomere maintenance factors. These findings raise the possibility that QFP sequences form bona fide G-quadruplexes in vivo and thus regulate transcription.

title: Genomic distribution and functional analyses of potential G-quadruplex-forming sequences in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity65745 :: ('MESH:C065420', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: Background: We previously observed that 30 months of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) can attenuate FEV1-decline in @entity1030 , but it is unclear whether withdrawal induces a relapse. We hypothesized that FEV1-decline, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and quality of life (QOL) deteriorate after ICS cessation even after prolonged use. Methods: 114 moderate-to-severe @entity1030 @entity1 finished randomized treatment with 6-month (F6) or 30-month @entity5023 (F30) (500  g, bid), 30-month @entity5023 / @entity10453 (FS30) (500/50  g, bid) or placebo (GLUCOLD-1 [GL1]). The subsequent five years, @entity1 were prospectively followed annually, treated by their physician (GL2). Post-bronchodilator FEV1, AHR and QOL were initially recorded at baseline, 30 months (GL1) and annually during GL2. Analysis was performed by linear mixed-effects models. Results: Amongst 101 adherent @entity1 during GL1, 79 @entity1 started and 58 completed GL2. @entity1 using ICS during GL1, but only using ICS 0-50% of time during GL2 (n=56/79) had significantly accelerated annual FEV1-decline compared to GL1 (difference GL2-GL1 [95%CI]: FS30 -68ml/year [-112 to -25], p=0.002; F30 -73ml/year [-119 to -26], p=0.002), accompanied by deterioration in AHR and QOL. Conclusions: ICS discontinuation after 30-month in @entity1030 can worsen lung function decline, AHR and QOL during 5-year follow-up. This suggests that ICS treatment lacks sustained disease modifying effect after treatment cessation. Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00158847.

title: Relapse in FEV1-Decline after Steroid Withdrawal in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ) is one of the sources of ectopies that can initiate @entity955 ( @entity955 ). We investigated by radiofrequency ablation the electrophysiological characteristics of the junction of the right atrium (RA) and the @entity6480 and the feasibility of electrical disconnection of the @entity6480 from the RA. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity955 after pulmonary vein isolation underwent electroanatomic mapping at the RA- @entity6480 junction during sinus rhythm. Mapping showed sharp potentials ( @entity6480 potentials) inside the @entity6480 . Activation spread from the earliest @entity6480 potential (breakthrough) to the rest of the @entity6480 . @entity6480 potentials were found over a large amount of the circumference, suggesting widespread muscle coverage of the @entity6480 . Breakthroughs from the RA to @entity6480 were located anteriorly, laterally, posteriorly, and septally in 3, 4, 10, and 6 @entity1 , respectively. The number of breakthroughs was 1.4+/-0.5 per @entity1 . Radiofrequency energy was applied with the end point of electrical disconnection. All breakthroughs were eliminated with 3.1+/-1.7 applications per breakthrough without complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6480 potentials can be recorded inside the @entity6480 . There are specific breakthroughs from the RA to the @entity6480 that can be identified by electroanatomic mapping. The electrical disconnection of the @entity6480 from the RA is feasible.

title: Electroanatomic mapping and catheter ablation of breakthroughs from the right atrium to the superior vena cava in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'paroxysmal AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Behavioral and psychosocial factors have been gaining increased attention in regard to @entity65 . We evaluated sleep conditions, cardiac autonomic function, and @entity2998 in subjects who participated in the Hyogo Sleep Cardio-Autonomic @entity731 (HSCAA) Study. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 330 serial @entity1 registered in the HSCAA study who were free from past @entity65 , and prescribing a- or b-blockers. In addition to clinical background and classical cardiovascular risk factors, sleep efficiency, @entity27 index (AHI), awake physical activity, heart rate variability (HRV), carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ), presence of plaque and plaque score were determined. RESULTS: Sleep efficiency (r  =  -0.183) and all HRV parameters (SDNN: r  =  -0.202; rMSSD: r  =  -0.234; pNN50: r  =  -0.277) were significantly (p  <  0.01) and negatively associated with @entity121 , while AHI (r  =  0.220, p  <  0.001) was positively associated with @entity121 . Similarly, sleep efficiency (r  =  -0.129), HRV parameters (SDNN: r  =  -0.170; rMSSD: r  =  -0.217; pNN50: r  =  -0.260) and AHI (r  =  0.184) were also significantly (p  <  0.05) associated with plaque scores. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that rMSSD, but not sleep efficiency or AHI, was significantly associated with carotid plaque (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.98, p  =  0.037), independent of classical risk factors. The association of rMSSD with carotid plaque remained significant even after adjustment for sleep efficiency or AHI. A comparison of risk factors in specific subgroups showed that the association of lower HRV with carotid plaque was more prominent in @entity1 with cardiovascular risk factors including male gender, @entity101 , @entity2299 and @entity6 . CONCLUSION: @entity299 was independently associated with @entity2998 , independent of @entity25 . Moreover, that association was more prominent in specific subgroups with cardiovascular risk factors.

title: Sleep, cardiac autonomic function, and XXXX in @entity1 with cardiovascular risks: HSCAA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep condition']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to correlate clinical factors (disease-free interval/survival) with growth pattern in terms of structural entropy of @entity1 with primary @entity14 and @entity358 . METHODS: Proliferation and apoptosis markers as well as determinants involved in information transfer by protein- @entity1735 interactions were monitored. The clinical history, surgical and histopathological reports, @entity5 load, survival of the @entity1 with a maximum follow-up of 14 years, and sections of paraffin blocks of 60 @entity14 specimens and their pulmonary @entity3 were examined. Measurements of the staining intensities after processing sections of primary and secondary @entity189 with the marker panel and calculations of syntactic structure and stereological parameters were performed. RESULTS: The majority of @entity5 (80%, 49/60) were surgically treated at advanced @entity5 stages ( @entity1803 /pT4), with detectable lymph node involvement (34/60). Lung @entity3 were resected after a median disease-free interval of 30.5 months, an average of 3.0 @entity3 adding up to a mean intrapulmonary @entity5 load of 9.98 ccm. The median survival was calculated to be 82 months after resection of the @entity694 and 40 months after that of intrapulmonary @entity3 . It was correlated with certain structural and vascular features such as vascular circumference. The proliferation index and several textural features were strongly associated with vascularization in primary and secondary @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite intra- and interindividual variations, vascularization properties and features such as @entity588 positivity and @entity787 -associated structural entropy in @entity5 or @entity3 are described as independent prognostic features. Absence of lymph node involvement or limited @entity5 stages of @entity694 should not exclude @entity1 from thorough postsurgical scrutiny to detect lung @entity3 .

title: Primary XXXX and their intrapulmonary @entity3 : clinical, glyco-, immuno- and lectin histochemical, nuclear and syntactic structure analysis with emphasis on correlation with period of occurrence of @entity3 and survival.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['secondary lung lesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon/rectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malignant effusion in @entity0 , either pleural or pericardial, is associated with a poor survival rate. We investigated the role of the location of @entity0 in developing malignant @entity1143 . METHODS: Three thousand eight hundred and fifty six @entity1 with a history of @entity0 between 1960 and 1994 were analyzed in a retrospective study. Two hundred and six @entity1 (5.34%; group A) developed @entity3483 as the first visible clinical sign of distant @entity3 . A control group of 206 @entity1 (group B) without malignant effusions were matched in terms of clinical and pathological characteristics. The two groups were compared in respect of the location of the @entity5 . Fifty @entity1 in group A (n = 50; 24.2%) had @entity5 in the inner quadrants, 83 @entity1 (n = 83; 40.3%) in the outer quadrants, and 13 @entity1 (n = 13; 6.3%) in a central location. No data were available for 60 @entity1 (n = 60; 29.1%). In group B, 12 @entity1 (n = 12; 5.9%) had @entity5 in the inner quadrants, 140 @entity1 (n = 140; 68.0%) in the outer quadrants, 14 @entity1 (n = 14; 6.8%) had centrally located @entity5 , while no data were available for 40 @entity1 (n = 40; 19.4%). @entity513 ( @entity513 ) located in the inner quadrants were highly significantly associated with increased @entity1143 as the first site of distant @entity3 (p <or= 0.0001; chi-square tests). CONCLUSION: @entity513 in the inner quadrants were associated with a 4-fold higher rate of malignant @entity1143 . Further studies will have to determine whether @entity5 location is a criterion for more aggressive adjuvant therapy.

title: Malignant XXXX in @entity0 : impact of the site of the @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural or pericardial effusion', 'pleural or pericardial effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'Invasive ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural and/or pericardial fluid']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural and pericardial effusion']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) lavage (arthrocentesis or arthroscopy) for the treatment of @entity2956 in @entity158 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of @entity23 ( @entity23 ) comparing @entity1348 lavage with conservative measures. The data sources were MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), Scopus, Web of Science, and reference lists of relevant articles. Two independent reviewers identified @entity23 by using controlled vocabulary (MeSH, Emtree) and free text terms. Data extracted from the selected studies included population characteristics, interventions, outcomes, and funding sources. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration risk assessment tool for @entity23 . RESULTS: Five studies met the inclusion criteria, for a total of 308 @entity1 . Of these studies, 3 were categorized as having a high risk of bias and 2 had a low risk. The summary effect of the 5 studies showed a reduction in @entity158 in the intervention group at 6  months (-0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.90 to -0.37; P < .00001; I(2)  = 88%) and 3  months (-0.47; 95% CI, -0.75 to -0.19; P  = .001; I(2)  = 85%). This was not the case at 1  month. No difference in mouth opening was observed at 6  months (-0.21; 95% CI, -1.82 to 1.40; P < .80; I(2)  = 74%), 3  months (0.20; 95% CI, -1.81 to 2.20; P  = .85; I(2)  = 68%), and 1  month (-1.18; 95% CI, -2.90 to 0.55; P  = .18; I(2)  = 0%). CONCLUSIONS: Given the relatively small number of @entity1 included in this meta-analysis, the high risk of bias in 3 studies, and the statistical and clinical heterogeneity of the included studies, the use of @entity1348 lavage for the treatment of @entity2956 should be recommended with caution because of the lack of strong evidence to support its use.

title: Temporomandibular Lavage Versus Nonsurgical Treatments for XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'reducing pain and improving jaw motion']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['Temporomandibular Disorders']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between circulating (CPCs) and endothelial (EPCs) progenitor cells and left ventricular (LV) remodeling in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). 85 @entity712 @entity1 , ranging 29-89  years, 83.5  % males, 45.9  % @entity63 , NYHA functional class II-IV, with a LV ejection fraction  <=40  % were studied. LV ejection fraction, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic (LVESV) volumes, LV mass and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were evaluated, and, when indicated, indexed for body surface area (BSA). CPCs and EPCs number was assessed using flow cytometry. CPCs were defined as @entity2280 +, @entity5439 + and @entity2280 +/ @entity5439 +. EPCs, identified through their expression of @entity319 , were defined as @entity2280 +/ @entity319 +, @entity5439 +/ @entity319 + and @entity2280 +/ @entity5439 +/ @entity319 +. All EPCs were negatively related to LVESV/BSA (r  =  -0.24, p  =  0.02 for all EPC's populations), and to LVmass/BSA ( @entity2280 + @entity319 +; r  =  -0.30, p  =  0.005; @entity5439 + @entity319 +; r  =  -0.31, p  =  0.004; @entity2280 + @entity5439 + @entity319 +; r  =  -0.29, p  =  0.007). No differences in EPCs levels in relation to cardiovascular risk factors, medications, etiology, age or gender were observed. CPCs number was higher in @entity1 , and lower in @entity63 @entity1 . In logistic regression analyses, the low EPCs' number was associated with an increased likelihood of abnormal LVmass/BSA. CPCs proved to be higher and EPCs lower in @entity1 with severely abnormal LVmass/BSA (gr/m(2), >= 122 in @entity1 and >= 149 in @entity1 ). Our results suggest a correlation between LV remodeling and progenitor cells. This is noteworthy considering that it has been suggested that bone marrow-derived EPCs participate in cardiac regeneration and function recovery in the setting of progressive @entity712 .

title: Left ventricular mass and progenitor cells in @entity712 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Denial of pregnancy, an inappropriate reaction where the @entity1 does not consciously recognise her pregnancy, has been widely associated with poor outcomes for the @entity1 's mental health, the events of labour and the newborn's health. However, reports of maternal physical complications are rare. AIMS: To evaluate the physical morbidity associated with @entity12661 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Birth records from 2007 to 2013 were searched for @entity1 who did not receive any antenatal care. The medical records of @entity1 with @entity12661 were then examined in detail. The primary outcome measure was physical morbidity in @entity1 with @entity12661 until labour, using the hospital's general obstetric population as a comparator. RESULTS: Six cases of @entity12661 (involving five @entity1 ) were identified, a rate of 1:1420 births. All characteristics and complications were in keeping with previous studies, except regarding maternal physical morbidity. Three of the five @entity1 experienced physical complications, namely @entity1468 and its sequelae. Concerningly, two of these @entity1 required admission to the intensive care unit, one after an eclamptic @entity410 . These complications were significantly higher than in the hospital's wider obstetric population (all P  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Previous reports of low maternal physical morbidity associated with @entity12661 are likely a reflection of low rates of diagnosis and underreporting. Given this study's increased rate of maternal physical morbidity and the implications this has for the @entity1 's future pregnancies, this underlines the importance of actively considering physical complications in @entity1 presenting with @entity12661 .

title: Maternal physical morbidity associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12661 :: ('MESH:D019575', 'Disease') :: ['denial of pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity12661 :: (MESH:D019575,Disease) :: ['denial of pregnancy']


abstract: @entity356 is often advanced and unresectable at diagnosis. Even when a curative resection is possible, the 5-year survival rate for @entity1 with T2 or higher @entity5 is less than 50%. Survival rates are even lower if lymph node @entity3 are present at surgery. Many phase III trials of adjuvant therapy have been conducted around the world during the past 4 decades, but their interpretation varies in the East and West. In the West, postoperative treatment modalities have not proven to be superior to postsurgical observation alone. Thus, at present, the routine use of postoperative therapy should be discouraged. In the Orient, however, routine use of postoperative chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy is common after a surgical procedure. Further investigations that correlate treatment response with molecular markers are needed. Improved clinical trial designs, including better preoperative staging, standardized surgical techniques, inclusion of adequate numbers of @entity1 , and the continued use of a surgery-alone control group, are essential. In addition, the incorporation of newer active agents, radiotherapy, and new strategies, such as preoperative therapy and selection of @entity1 based on @entity5 biology, would result in much-needed advances. Less toxic approaches with novel mechanisms of action, such as antiangiogenesis therapy, @entity5 vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, also hold promise.

title: Adjuvant therapy for XXXX : closing out the century.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progressive @entity1020 is a common @entity4182 mainly on the central parts of the trunk, predominantly in young adults, especially @entity1 . It is often mistaken for @entity14937 and @entity9585 . It occurs in all races and has been described in many parts of the world. We discovered follicular red fluorescence restricted to lesional skin. We suspected a relation with a @entity7170 -producing bacteria residing in sebum of the pilosebaceous duct, and we therefore performed a study in 8 @entity1 . Observation In all biopsy specimens taken from lesional skin of 8 @entity1 , we could demonstrate gram-positive bacteria in the pilosebaceous duct, and a mild perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrate was seen. In all but 1 @entity1 , @entity5478 was yielded from cultured biopsy specimens taken from follicular lesional skin. Healthy follicular skin did not show bacteria in histological sections, and cultures did not yield anaerobic bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: There seems to be a relation between the presence of @entity5478 and the hypopigmented macules. We propose that a factor is produced by these strains of @entity5478 , which interfere with melanogenesis. Based on these observations, we are undertaking a clinical trial to find a treatment for this troubling, intractable disease.

title: @entity5478 and the pathogenesis of progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity5478 :: ('1747', 'Species') :: ['P acnes', 'Propionibacterium acnes']

entities_list: @entity14937 :: ('MESH:D014010', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis versicolor']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular hypomelanosis']

entities_list: @entity9585 :: ('MESH:D010915', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis alba']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular hypomelanosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity66 is an acute @entity1800 caused by @entity779 virus (DENV) that can progress to @entity548 stages leading to about 20000 deaths every year worldwide. Despite many clinical investigations regarding @entity779 , the immunopathogenic process by which infected @entity1 evolve to the severe forms is not fully understood. Apart from differences in virulence and the antibody cross reactivity that can potentially augment virus replication, imbalanced cellular immunity is also seen as a major concern in the establishment of severe @entity779 . In this context, the investigation of cellular immunity and its products in @entity779 fatal cases may provide valuable data to help revealing @entity779 immunopathogenesis. Here, based in four @entity779 fatal cases infected by the serotype 3 in Brazil, different peripheral organs (livers, lungs and kidneys) were studied to evaluate the presence of cell infiltrates and the patterns of local cytokine response. The overall scenario of the studied cases revealed a considerable systemic involvement of infection with mononuclear cells targeted to all of the evaluated organs, as measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Quantification of cytokine-expressing cells in peripheral tissues was also performed to characterize the ongoing inflammatory process by the severe stage of the disease. Increased levels of @entity379 - and @entity310 -expressing cells in liver, lung and kidney samples of post-mortem subjects evidenced a strong pro-inflammatory induction in these tissues. The presence of increased @entity5737 -producing cell numbers in all analyzed organs suggested a possible link between the clinical status and altered vascular permeability. Co-staining of DENV RNA and @entity379 or @entity310 using in situ hibridization and IHC confirmed the virus-specific trigger of the pro-inflammatory response. Taken together, this work provided additional evidences that corroborated with the traditional theories regarding the "cytokine storm" and the occurrence of uneven cellular immunity in response to DENV as major reasons for progress to severe disease.

title: Peripheral Organs of Dengue Fatal Cases Present Strong Pro-Inflammatory Response with Participation of @entity379 -, XXXX - and @entity5737 -Producing Cells.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral illness']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-Alpha']


abstract: PURPOSE: This Phase I study investigated behavioral and functional MRI (fMRI) outcomes of 2 intensive treatment programs to improve naming in 2 @entity1 with chronic moderate-to-severe @entity2026 with comorbid @entity1741 ( @entity1741 ). @entity34 ( @entity34 ; Pulverm  ller et al., 2001) has demonstrated positive outcomes in some individuals with chronic @entity2026 . Whether constraint to the speech modality or treatment intensity is responsible for such gains is still under investigation. Moreover, it remains to be seen whether @entity34 is effective in individuals with persistent severe nonfluent speech and/or @entity1741 . METHOD: A single-subject multiple-baseline approach was used. Both @entity1 were treated simultaneously, first with Promoting Aphasics' Communicative Effectiveness (PACE; Davis _ Wilcox, 1985) and then with @entity34 . Pre-/posttreatment testing included an overt naming fMRI protocol. Treatment effect sizes were calculated for changes in probe accuracy from baseline to posttreatment phases and maintenance where available. RESULTS: Both @entity1 made more and faster gains in naming following @entity34 . Treatment-induced changes in BOLD activation suggested that better naming was correlated with the recruitment of perilesional tissue. CONCLUSION: @entity1 produced more target words accurately following @entity34 than following PACE. Behavioral and fMRI results support the notion that the intense and repetitive nature of obligatory speech production in @entity34 has a positive effect on word retrieval, even in @entity1 with chronic moderate-to-severe @entity2026 with comorbid @entity1741 .

title: Constrained versus unconstrained intensive language therapy in two individuals with chronic, moderate-to-severe XXXX and @entity1741 : behavioral and fMRI outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1741 :: ('OMIM:602081', 'Disease') :: ['apraxia of speech', 'AOS']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['CIAT', 'Constraint-induced aphasia therapy']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cervical radiation for @entity135 has been associated with an increased incidence of @entity543 . Modern radiation therapy delivers higher doses with increasing long-term survival. In our study 50 @entity1 with @entity135 treated with radiotherapy are analized with colour Doppler ultrasonographic scanning of the carotid arteries. These @entity1 were compared with a population of asymptomatic historical controls (40) These findings suggest that radiation has an adverse effect on large vessels. Colour Doppler follow-up may be indicated for @entity1 receiving head and neck radiation therapy. METHODS: 50-70 Gy is the local dose that all @entity1 received. during a period of about 8 weeks. The ecodoppler scan of carotid arteries was performed in all @entity1 with estimation of Common and internal carotid artery's @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ). @entity850 grade were divided into low (0-30%), moderate (31-49 %) and severe (= >50%). In add we considered ematochimics and flogosys parameters. @entity1 recruited from a hospital Radiation-oncology-surgery department from April 2007 to September 2011, 90 consecutive @entity135 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. 50 of these @entity1 had previously undergone @entity138 ( @entity138 group) and 40 had no @entity138 (control group). All @entity1 were screened with bilateral carotid arterial duplex ultrasonography. We defined disease as "normal or mild" if the @entity543 was <50%, and "significant" if >50%. The relationship between standard demographic risk factors and screening outcomes was then analyzed. RESULTS: We found that severe @entity543 (= >50% ) was higher (41%) in @entity1 who underwent to radiotherapy than in control group. The Eco Doppler examination demonstrated that the most affected site was Internal Carotid Arthery 's fork . There were no differences in age or gender between the two groups. The @entity138 group had a significantly higher plaque score than the non-irradiated group. Bilateral plaque score was significantly correlated with age, @entity407 , and @entity138 . This analysis showed that in @entity138 @entity1 > 50 years old, age was inversely correlated with plaque score; however, in @entity138 @entity1 <or= 41 years old, age was positively correlated with plaque score. CONCLUSIONS: Literature evidences about this subject are few and similar to ours. Moritz et all found a severe @entity543 in 30% of irradiated and 5.6% in the control group. Lam found @entity543 in 78.9% of irradiated and 21.6% in the other group. We can conclude that radiotherapy is able to induce @entity731 only in sites included in radiation field. Should be important to perform pre and post radiotherapy Carotid Arthery Ecodoppler of @entity1 who are going to undergo cervical radiotherapy The prevalence of carotid @entity455 in @entity1 with prior cervical radiation therapy is clinically significant and warrants aggressive screening as part of routine preradiation and postradiation care. Focused screening of this high-risk population may be cost effective and medically beneficial in terms of risk factor modification and @entity64 prevention KEY WORDS: Carotid stenosis, Cervical radiotherapy, @entity64 prevention.

title: The role of radiotherapy in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['intimal medial thickness', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid arterial stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid stenosis']


abstract: There is a paucity of data regarding patterns of progression in @entity1 with high-grade @entity11 (HGG) or @entity11 ( @entity11 ) treated with bevacizumab (BVZ) at diagnosis. We performed a retrospective study of 20 @entity1 with HGG or @entity11 who received BVZ-based therapy at diagnosis on, or according to, a bi-institutional study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of first and most recent progressions were reviewed. Comparison was made to a control group of 19 @entity1 who never received BVZ. Imaging @entity74 ( @entity74 ) were local: at primary site or within 2  cm, contiguous; diffuse: >2  cm away but contiguous with primary site, ill-defined and infiltrative; distant: new, non-contiguous disease. In the BVZ-treated group, 14 @entity1 had @entity11 , six @entity1 had HGG. Median age was 7  years (range: 3-21). Median time to @entity74 and follow-up were 8.8  months (range 4-21) and 11  months (range: 6-25), respectively. Among 14 @entity1 with @entity74 , 8 (57.1  %) had local @entity74 , 6 (42.9  %) had local and diffuse/distant @entity74 , at initial progression. At most recent progression, a median of 10.8  months (range 6-25) from diagnosis, 10 of 14 (71.4  %) had at least diffuse (n  =  8), or distant (n  =  6) @entity74 . In the comparable control group, 15 @entity1 had @entity74 : 11(73.3  %) local, 4 (26.7  %) local and diffuse/distant @entity74 at first and most recent progressions. Based on these data, we postulate that BVZ may lead to a higher incidence of distant and diffuse disease in newly-diagnosed @entity1 with HGG or @entity11 who received BVZ-based therapy.

title: Patterns of progression in pediatric XXXX with high-grade @entity11 or @entity11 treated with Bevacizumab-based therapy at diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma', 'DIPG', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'definitions of progressive disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity3686 is caused by mutations in the @entity3687 gene. Although many @entity3687 mutations have been detected, the mutation detection rate has been unsatisfactory. Some @entity1 with @entity3686 show a relatively mild phenotype, but molecular basis investigations have rarely been conducted to clarify the underlying mechanism. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: In total, 152 @entity1 with @entity3686 who were suspected of having @entity3686 through clinical and pathologic investigations and referred to the hospital for mutational analysis between January of 2006 and January of 2013 were genetically diagnosed. Among those @entity1 , 22 @entity1 had suspected splice site mutations. Transcripts are routinely examined when suspected splice site mutations for abnormal transcripts are detected; 11 of them showed expected exon skipping, but others showed aberrant splicing patterns. The mutation detection strategy had two steps: (1) genomic DNA analysis using PCR and direct sequencing and (2) mRNA analysis using RT-PCR to detect RNA processing abnormalities. RESULTS: Six splicing consensus site mutations resulting in aberrant splicing patterns, one exonic mutation leading to exon skipping, and four deep intronic mutations producing cryptic splice site activation were identified. Interestingly, one case produced a cryptic splice site with a single @entity377 substitution in the deep intron that led to intronic exonization containing a stop codon; however, the @entity1 showed a clearly milder phenotype for @entity3686 in @entity1 with a truncating mutation. mRNA extracted from the kidney showed both normal and abnormal transcripts, with the normal transcript resulting in the milder phenotype. This novel mechanism leads to mild clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: This report highlights the importance of analyzing transcripts to enhance the mutation detection rate and provides insight into genotype-phenotype correlations. This approach can clarify the cause of atypically mild phenotypes in @entity3686 .

title: @entity3686 caused by splicing mutations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked Alport syndrome', 'Alport syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity3687 :: (1287,Gene) :: ['COL4A5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) is the most efficient strategy for prophylaxis of superficial @entity150 recurrence. Adverse effects of BCG are major obstacles, but the reduction of BCG dose could minimize these effects. The efficacy and adverse effects of half-dose (40 mg) BCG, Tokyo 172 strain, were prospectively evaluated. METHODS: A total of 93 @entity1 with superficial @entity150 (pTa or @entity2558 ) were sequentially assigned to receive either 40 or 80 mg of BCG after transurethral resection. BCG was administered weekly for 6 weeks postoperatively. Eighty @entity1 observed longer than 12 months after BCG therapy (41, 40 mg group; 39, 80 mg group) were analyzed. RESULTS: BCG therapy course was completed in 71 @entity1 . @entity5 recurrence was recognized in 11 of 40 @entity1 in the 40 mg group and in 5 of 31 @entity1 in the 80 mg group. There was no significant difference in @entity5 recurrence rate between the two groups (P = 0.547). BCG therapy was withdrawn in 1 @entity1 in the 40 mg group and in 8 @entity1 in the 80 mg-group because of BCG-related adverse effects. The morbidity of BCG-related @entity137 was significantly higher in the 80 mg group. CONCLUSION: Half-dose of BCG Tokyo 172 strain had a similar efficacy and its @entity137 was significantly lower compared to the standard dose. Thus, half-dose of this strain might be suitable, at least for initial BCG therapy, for the prophylaxis of @entity150 recurrence. Further study would be necessary to clarify the efficacy of low-dose instillation in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Sufficient prophylactic efficacy with minor adverse effects by intravesical instillation of low-dose bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin for superficial XXXX recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The ability of DTI to track the progression of @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity2746 has not been explored so far. We performed a longitudinal DTI study in @entity1 with @entity196 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity196 and 16 healthy age-matched controls were examined twice with DTI (mean time between scans, 3.6 years [ @entity1 ] and 3.3 years [controls]) on the same 1.5T MR scanner. Using tract-based spatial statistics, we analyzed changes in DTI-derived indices: mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and mode of anisotropy. RESULTS: At baseline, the @entity1 with @entity196 , as compared with controls, showed numerous WM tracts with significantly increased mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity and decreased fractional anisotropy and mode of anisotropy in the brain stem, cerebellar peduncles, cerebellum, cerebral hemisphere WM, corpus callosum, and thalami. Longitudinal analysis revealed changes in axial diffusivity and mode of anisotropy in @entity1 with @entity196 that were significantly different than those in the controls. In @entity1 with @entity196 , axial diffusivity was increased in WM tracts of the right cerebral hemisphere and the corpus callosum, and the mode of anisotropy was extensively decreased in hemispheric cerebral WM, corpus callosum, internal capsules, cerebral peduncles, pons and left cerebellar peduncles, and WM of the left paramedian vermis. There was no correlation between the progression of changes in DTI-derived indices and clinical deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: DTI can reveal the progression of @entity16 of WM fibers in the brains of @entity1 with @entity196 , and mode of anisotropy seems particularly sensitive to such changes. These results support the potential of DTI-derived indices as biomarkers of disease progression.

title: Progression of XXXX in @entity196 : A Longitudinal DTI Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['spinocerebellar ataxia type 2']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['microstructural damage']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['inherited ataxias']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Microstructural Damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous @entity3459 therapy (PMCT) is a new therapeutic technique for the treatment of solid neoplasms that uses an energy source different from those of other interstitial therapies. We report our initial experience using PMCT to treat @entity157 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: NIne @entity157 exceeding 3 cm in diameter in nine @entity1 were treated with PMCT. Within 2 weeks before PMCT, all @entity1 had been treated with transcatheter arterial embolization therapy, which had failed to produce @entity39 . PMCT was done under local anesthesia. A 14-gauge guiding needle was inserted percutaneously toward the lesion under sonographic guidance, and a needle electrode was positioned precisely within the lesion. Microwaves of 2450 MHz in frequency were produced for 60 sec with a 60-W emission. Three to 12 microwave emissions were administered in each case. RESULTS: Dynamic CT showed that unenhanced areas indicative of @entity39 developed in all lesions. All lesions appeared smaller without enhancement: on CT, the @entity5 diameters (mean +/- SD) were 48 +/- 13 mm before treatment and 41 +/- 13 mm 1 month after treatment. Follow-up studies showed that five lesions were controlled without any signs of recurrence. All @entity1 tolerated the treatments well, and no serious complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary experience suggests that PMCT may be a useful alternative to other forms of interstitial therapy for the treatment of @entity157 .

title: @entity157 : value of percutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['complete necrosis of the tumors', 'coagulation necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['microwave coagulation']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity3459 :: (MESH:D025861,Disease) :: ['microwave coagulation']