abstract: 1. The protein degradation rate of @entity1 skeletal muscle was evaluated in vitro in isolated fibre bundles from the rectus abdominus muscle by measuring the @entity669 released from muscle tissue proteins. Protein metabolism in this semi-intact preparation was compared with that of the intact extensor digitorum longus muscles from @entity35 under the same experimental conditions. 2. Protein balance was negative in both preparations, but protein synthesis and degradation were two to three times higher in the @entity35 muscles. @entity669 was released at a constant rate for at least 3 h of incubation independent of whether protein synthesis was inhibited or not. Disintegration of the muscle fibres more than doubled the @entity669 release rate. @entity1 red gastrocnemius muscle showed 37% higher degradation rate compared with the predominantly white rectus abdominus muscle. The half-life of @entity1 skeletal muscle protein in vitro was estimated to be 20 days when calculated from the rate of @entity669 release. 3. The addition of @entity368 to the incubation medium decreased the rate of protein degradation, which was further decreased by the addition of other @entity1522 . Insulin did not influence the protein degradation rate during 2 h of incubation. This did not reflect a lack of sensitivity to insulin of the preparation, since protein synthesis responded to insulin. @entity460 (5 mmol/l) stimulated and @entity219 (0.1 mmol/l) inhibited the protein degradation. 4. This experimental system may be suitable as an additional tool for evaluating protein degradation in @entity1 skeletal muscles.

title: Protein degradation in @entity1 skeletal muscle tissue: the effect of insulin, @entity368 , XXXX and ions.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity273 ( @entity5568 ) has been known to function as a signalling molecule involved in the modulation of various physiological processes in plants. @entity5568 has been shown to act as a promoter during adventitious root formation in hypocotyl cuttings. In this study, RNA-Seq was performed to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying @entity5568 -induced adventitious rooting. RESULTS: RNA-Seq data revealed that @entity5568 treatment greatly increased the numbers of clean reads and expressed genes and abundance of gene expression relative to the water treatment. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses indicated that a profound change in gene function occurred in the 6-h @entity5568 treatment and that @entity5568 mainly enhanced gene expression levels at the 6-h time point but reduced gene expression levels at the 24-h time point compared with the water treatment. In total, 4579 differentially expressed (2-fold change   >   2) unigenes (DEGs), of which 78.3% were up-regulated and 21.7% were down-regulated; 3525 DEGs, of which 64.0% were up-regulated and 36.0% were down-regulated; and 7383 DEGs, of which 40.8% were up-regulated and 59.2% were down-regulated were selected in the 6-h, 24-h, and from 6- to 24-h treatments, respectively. The number of DEGs in the 6-h treatment was 29.9% higher than that in the 24-h treatment. The functions of the most highly regulated genes were associated with stress response, cell redox homeostasis and oxidative stress response, cell wall loosening and modification, metabolic processes, and transcription factors (TFs), as well as plant hormone signalling, including auxin, @entity1786 , cytokinin, gibberellin, and @entity2271 pathways. Notably, a large number of genes encoding for @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) and @entity1457 transcription factors (HSFs) were significantly up-regulated during @entity5568 treatments. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that, during @entity5568 treatments, the expression levels of ARFs, IAAs, AUXs, NACs, RD22, AHKs, MYBs, PIN1, AUX15A, LBD29, LBD41, ADH1b, and QORL were significantly up-regulated at the 6- and/or 24-h time points. In contrast, PER1 and PER2 were significantly down-regulated by @entity5568 treatment. These qRT-PCR results strongly correlated with the RNA-Seq data. CONCLUSIONS: Using RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR techniques, we analysed the global changes in gene expression and functional profiling during @entity5568 -induced adventitious rooting in @entity2773 seedlings. These results strengthen the current understanding of @entity5568 -induced adventitious rooting and the molecular traits of @entity5568 priming in plants.

title: Transcriptomic profiling provides molecular insights into XXXX -induced adventitious rooting in @entity2773 seedlings.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to systematically review the gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB- @entity12306 -MRI) findings of @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ) and its diagnostic value. METHODS: A thorough literature search was conducted in Ovid-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify studies evaluating Gd-EOB- @entity12306 -MRI findings of @entity4383 . To evaluate the frequency of characteristic imaging findings on Gd-EOB- @entity12306 -MRI, pooled proportions of high/iso signal intensity (SI) on the @entity2763 ( @entity2763 ), arterial enhancement, high/iso SI on the portal-venous phase ( @entity12468 ) or equilibrium phase (EP), and the central scar were calculated. Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of high/iso SI on @entity2763 for distinguishing @entity4383 from @entity8055 . RESULTS: A review of 96 articles identified ten eligible articles with 304 @entity1 with FNHs for meta-analysis. Pooled proportion of the Gd-EOB- @entity12306 -MRI findings showed that high/iso SI on the @entity2763 , arterial enhancement, and high/iso SI on the @entity12468 /EP were observed in 93% (95% CI, 90-97%), 99% (95% CI, 97-100%), and 97% (95% CI, 95-99%) of FNHs, respectively, while a central scar was observed in 61% of FNHs (95% CI, 47-74%). High/iso SI on the @entity2763 was highly accurate for distinguishing @entity4383 from @entity8055 , with a summary sensitivity of 93.9% (95% CI, 89.1-97.1%) and a specificity of 95.3% (95% CI, 88.4-98.7%). CONCLUSIONS: High/iso SI on the @entity2763 of Gd-EOB- @entity12306 -MRI is characteristic and a prevalent finding of FNHs and can be helpful in the management of @entity1 with @entity4383 . KEY POINTS:     The vast majority (94-97  %) of FNHs show high/iso SI on @entity2763 .     High/iso SI on @entity2763 was accurate for distinguishing @entity4383 from @entity8055 .     @entity2763 of Gd-EOB- @entity12306 -MRI can reduce unnecessary biopsies for the diagnosis of FNHs.

title: The diagnostic value of Gd-EOB- XXXX -MRI for the diagnosis of @entity4383 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8055 :: ('MESH:D018248', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2763 :: ('MESH:D000210', 'Disease') :: ['HBP', 'hepatobiliary phase']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['FNH', 'focal nodular hyperplasia']

answer: @entity12306 :: (MESH:C028145|MESH:D004369,Chemical) :: ['DTPA']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) receptor soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a key regulator of several important vascular functions and is important for maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and vascular plasticity. Diminished sGC expression and function contributes to pathogenesis of several @entity65 . However, the processes that control sGC expression in vascular tissue remain poorly understood. Previous work in animal and cell models revealed the complexity of alternative splicing of sGC genes and demonstrated its importance in modulation of sGC function. The aim of this study was to examine the role of alternative splicing of a1 and b1 sGC in healthy and diseased @entity1 vascular tissue. Our study found a variety of a1 and b1 sGC splice forms expressed in @entity1 aorta. Their composition and abundance were different between samples of aortic tissue removed during surgical repair of @entity449 and samples of aortas without @entity439 . Aortas with @entity439 demonstrated decreased sGC activity, which correlated with increased expression of dysfunctional sGC splice variants. In addition, the expression of 55-kDa oxidation-resistant a1 isoform B sGC (a1-IsoB) was significantly lower in aortic samples with @entity439 . The a1-IsoB splice variant was demonstrated to support sGC activity in aortic lysates. Together, our results suggest that alternative splicing contributes to diminished sGC function in @entity455 . Precise understanding of sGC splicing regulation could help to design new therapeutic interventions and to personalize sGC-targeting therapies in treatments of @entity455 .

title: Alternative splicing impairs soluble guanylyl cyclase function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease', 'vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Exposure of the abdominal aorta through the left retroperitoneum is a well-accepted technique. Unfortunately, @entity130 is a complication of this approach that rarely occurs through a mid-line transabdominal incision. In this series we evaluate the occurrence of @entity130 during left retroperitoneal aortic surgery. The records of all @entity1 undergoing abdominal aortic reconstruction via the left retroperitoneal approach were reviewed from 1988 to 2001. Indications included either @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) or @entity432 ( @entity432 ). @entity439 and visceral aortic reconstructions were excluded. Those @entity1 that required splenectomy for @entity130 were stratified and analyzed for demographics, indications for operation, and other complications. Chi-square analysis was used to determine statistical significance. Over the 13-year study period, 2889 aortic reconstructions were performed. These consisted of 1773 elective @entity1028 repairs, 357 ruptured or symptomatic @entity1028 repairs, and 759 aortofemoral bypasses for @entity432 . Splenectomies were performed after aortic repair in 21 (0.7%) @entity1 . Breakdown by indication totaled 11/1773 (0.6%) for elective @entity1028 repair, 7/357 (2.0%) for @entity397 or symptomatic @entity1028 repair, and 3/759 (0.4%) for @entity432 ( p < 0.05). Mortality for @entity1 undergoing elective @entity1028 without splenectomy was 1.9% (34/1762) and with splenectomy was 9.1% (1/11), while it was 3.2% (24/756) for @entity432 @entity1 without splenectomy and 14% (1/7) for @entity432 @entity1 with splenectomy (all p = NS). @entity130 can occur in elective and emergent aortic reconstructions performed through the left retroperitoneum. The surgeon should be prepared for splenectomy whenever intraperitoneal blood or hemodynamic instability is identified. Evaluation of the spleen prior to flank closure may be prudent.

title: Aortoiliac reconstruction: the retroperitoneal approach and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracoabdominal aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['AIOD', 'aortoiliac occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'Splenic injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic injury']


abstract: The primary olfactory neuropil, the @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) in insects, is organized in glomeruli. Glomerular activity patterns are believed to represent the across-fibre pattern of the olfactory code. These patterns depend on an organized innervation from the afferent receptor cells, and interconnections of local interneurons. It is unclear how the complex organization of the @entity1315 is achieved ontogenetically. In this study, we measured the functional activity patterns elicited by stimulation with odours in the right and the left @entity1315 of the same @entity5157 ( @entity5157 ) using optical imaging of the @entity460 -sensitive dye @entity460 green. We show here that these patterns are bilaterally symmetrical (n=25 @entity5157 ). This symmetry holds true for all odours tested, irrespective of their role as @entity20218 or as environmental odours, or whether they were pure substances or complex blends (n=13 odours). Therefore, we exclude that activity dependent mechanisms local to one @entity1315 determine the functional glomerular activity. This identity is genetically predetermined. Alternatively, if activity dependent processes are involved, bilateral connections would have to shape symmetry, or, temporal constraints could lead to identical patterns on both sides due to their common history of odour exposure.

title: Odour coding is bilaterally symmetrical in the antennal lobes of @entity5157 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['antennal lobe', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity20218 :: ('MESH:D010675', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromones']

entities_list: @entity5157 :: ('7460', 'Species') :: ['honeybee', 'bees', 'Apis mellifera']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['Apis mellifera']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus, a @entity2348 caused by @entity9557 , is increasingly recognized as an important cause of @entity221 in Asia, with an estimated one million infections occurring each year. Limited access to health care and the disease's non-specific symptoms mean that many @entity1 are undiagnosed and untreated, but the mortality from untreated @entity9556 is unknown. This review systematically summarizes the literature on the untreated mortality from @entity9556 and disease outcomes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A literature search was performed to identify @entity1 series containing untreated @entity1 . @entity1 were included if they were symptomatic and had a clinical or laboratory diagnosis of @entity9556 and excluded if they were treated with antibiotics. The primary outcome was mortality from untreated @entity9556 and secondary outcomes were total days of @entity221 , clinical symptoms, and laboratory results. A total of 76 studies containing 89 @entity1 series and 19,644 @entity1 were included in the final analysis. The median mortality of all @entity1 series was 6.0% with a wide range (min-max) of 0-70%. Many studies used clinical diagnosis alone and had incomplete data on secondary outcomes. Mortality varied by location and increased with age and in @entity1 with @entity2401 , @entity933 , @entity55 , or signs of @entity548 , but not according to sex or the presence of an eschar or @entity693 . Duration of @entity221 was shown to be long (median 14.4 days Range (9-19)). CONCLUSIONS: Results show that the untreated mortality from @entity9556 appears lower than previously reported estimates. More data are required to clarify mortality according to location and host factors, clinical syndromes including @entity2401 and @entity6220 , and in vulnerable mother- @entity1 populations. Increased surveillance and improved access to diagnostic tests are required to accurately estimate the untreated mortality of @entity9556 . This information would facilitate reliable quantification of DALYs and guide empirical treatment strategies.

title: A Systematic Review of Mortality from Untreated XXXX ( @entity9557 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system disease']

entities_list: @entity9556 :: ('MESH:D012612', 'Disease') :: ['scrub typhus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity9557 :: ('784', 'Species') :: ['Orientia tsutsugamushi']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

answer: @entity9556 :: (MESH:D012612,Disease) :: ['Scrub Typhus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mandibular angle resection is rarely used, but is a highly effective means of correcting @entity154 . We report a mandibular angle resection technique associated with the removal of a part of @entity1184 masseter muscles and resection of buccal fat pad. TECHNICAL NOTE: Anatomical reminders: the most important entities are the facial artery and vein, crossing the lower margin of the jaw just in front of the anterior boarder of the masseter muscle and the temporomaxillary vein, passing through the temporomaxillary fossa; preoperative aspects: the preoperative examination included a radiological assessment of the shape and size of the mandibular angle; surgical technique: an intra-oral approach was usually used. The most effective and convenient method for the osteotomy was using a reciprocating saw. This technique allowed achieving a smooth contour of masseter muscles during masticatory movements or at rest. OUR EXPERIENCE: Eleven mandibular angle resections were performed from 2001 to 2009. The surgery was supplemented by remodeling the lower margin of the jaw for 5 other @entity1 . No permanent @entity3541 was noted. One @entity1 presented a unilateral long-term loss of sensitivity of the lower lip and chin. DISCUSSION: This surgical technique if simple even requires using good technical equipment, and observing a set of rules. Using these principles allows simplifying the surgical technique, and decreasing its morbidity. A part of the masseter muscles and the buccal fat pad can sometimes be resected to improve the morphological results.

title: Mandibular angle resection and masticatory muscle XXXX - a technical note and morphological optimization.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial defects']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity410 may persist despite treatment with multiple @entity302 ( @entity302 ). OBJECTIVE: To determine in term-born @entity1 with @entity410 that required two or more @entity302 , whether treatment efficacy and/or the underlying disorder were related to neurological outcome. DESIGN/METHODS: We included 82 @entity1 (born 1998-2006) treated for @entity410 . We recorded mortality, aetiology of @entity410 , the number of @entity302 required, achievement of @entity410 control, and amplitude-integrated-EEG (aEEG) background patterns. Follow-up consisted of an age-adequate neurological examination. Surviving @entity1 were classified as normal, having mild @entity16 , or @entity306 ( @entity306 ). RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 (57%) had @entity159 . The number of @entity302 was not related to neurological outcome. Treatment with three or four @entity302 as opposed to two showed a trend towards an increased risk of a poor outcome, i.e., @entity204 or @entity306 , odds ratio (OR) 2.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98-7.69; P=.055. Failure to achieve @entity410 control increased the risk of poor outcome, OR 6.77; 95%-CI 1.42-32.82, P=.016. Persistently severely abnormal aEEG background patterns also increased this risk, OR 3.19; 95%-CI 1.90-5.36; P<.001. In a multivariate model including abnormal aEEG background patterns, failure to achieve @entity410 control nearly reached significance towards an increased risk of poor outcome, OR 5.72, 95%-CI 0.99-32.97, P=.051. We found no association between @entity410 aetiology and outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In term-born @entity1 with @entity410 that required two or more @entity302 outcome was poorer if @entity410 control failed. The number of @entity302 required to reach @entity410 control and @entity410 aetiology had limited prognostic value.

title: Long-term neurological outcome of term-born @entity1 treated with two or more XXXX during the neonatal period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'neonatal seizures', 'seizures', 'Neonatal seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['anti-epileptic drugs', 'AEDs']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['anti-epileptic drugs']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: The combination of @entity1311 and @entity632 is highly active in the treatment of metastatic @entity0 , but is associated with substantial @entity137 . In this phase II trial, we evaluated the combination of @entity1311 and @entity2664 in an attempt to maintain efficacy and improve tolerability of this regimen. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 were treated with @entity1311 200 mg/m2, 1 hr i.v. infusion, and @entity2664 10 mg/m2 i.v., every 21 days. Responding @entity1 received at least six courses of therapy. Ninety-three percent of @entity1 in this trial were receiving first-line treatment for metastatic @entity0 ; 62% of @entity1 had received previous adjuvant chemotherapy, and 26% had received previous @entity632 . RESULTS: Objective responses were seen in 24 of 61 evaluable @entity1 (39%). Median response duration was 9 months (range 4-37 + months); actuarial 1-, 2-, and 3-year survivals were 62, 32, and 25%, respectively. The treatment was generally well tolerated; 78% of @entity1 had grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 at sometime during their treatment course, but only 14 hospitalizations for @entity1398 and fever were necessary (4% of courses). Grade 3 fatigue was experienced by 30% of @entity1 . @entity1370 was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity1311 and @entity2664 is active, easily administered, and well tolerated in the treatment of metastatic @entity0 . Its activity appears similar to several other @entity3907 -based combination regimens recently evaluated for the treatment of @entity0 .

title: @entity1311 and XXXX in the treatment of metastatic @entity0 : a phase II trial of the Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: Many @entity1 with @entity73 cannot participate in games and jokes that contribute to their formation. Currently, commercial computer games there are few options of software and sufficiently flexible access devices to meet the needs of this group of @entity1 . In this study, a peripheral access device and a 3D computerized game that do not require the actions of dragging, clicking, or activating various keys at the same time were developed. The peripheral access device consists of a webcam and a supervisory system that processes the images. This method provides a field of action that can be adjusted to various types of @entity73 . To analyze the sensitivity of the commands, a virtual course was developed using the scenario of a path of straight lines and curves. A volunteer with good ability in virtual games performed a short training with the virtual course and, after 15min of training, obtained similar results with a standard keyboard and the adapted peripheral device. A 3D game in the Amazon forest was developed using the Blender 3D tool. This free software was used to model the characters and scenarios. To evaluate the usability of the 3D game, the game was tested by 20 volunteers without @entity73 (group A) and 13 volunteers with severe motor limitations of the upper limbs (group B). All the volunteers (group A and B) could easily execute all the actions of the game using the adapted peripheral device. The majority positively evaluated the questions of usability and expressed their satisfaction. The computerized game coupled to the adapted device will offer the option of leisure and learning to @entity1 with severe @entity73 who previously lacked this possibility. It also provided equality in this activity to all the users.

title: The design and evaluation of a peripheral device for use with a computer game intended for XXXX with motor disabilities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairments']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Typical @entity2917 (AVNRT) is characterized by anterograde activation over a slowly conducting pathway and by retrograde activation through a rapidly conducting pathway. Preliminary reports suggest that radiofrequency catheter modification can eliminate typical AVNRT while preserving anterograde conduction. Radiofrequency catheter modification was used to treat 88 @entity1 with typical AVNRT. After baseline electrophysiologic evaluation, the ablation catheter was positioned proximal and superior to the site of maximal His deflection. Radiofrequency energy was applied until there was significant attenuation of retrograde conduction, and elimination of AVNRT inducibility. Eighty-one @entity1 were successfully treated and form the basis of this report. A new paroxysmal @entity4710 with @entity6391 greater than PR interval was induced at electrophysiologic testing after successful ablation in 9 @entity1 (11%). Mean atrial-His activation time was 140 +/- 31 ms, and the ventriculoatrial activation time was 170 +/- 46 ms. This @entity943 was induced only with ventricular pacing during @entity3044 infusion and appeared to be mediated by AV nodal reentry. New retrograde dual AV nodal physiology after modification was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity591 than in those without (4 of 9 vs 2 of 72; p less than 0.0001). Although none of the @entity1 were treated, only 1 of 9 had an episode of spontaneous @entity591 during a mean follow-up of 12 months. Results of this study confirm that typical AVNRT can be rendered noninducible without the complete destruction of reentrant pathways. Because induction of "atypical" AVNRT was not predictive of spontaneous @entity943 recurrence, it should not be an indication for additional ablation sessions or long-term drug therapy.

title: Conversion of typical to "atypical" XXXX reentrant @entity591 after radiofrequency catheter modification of the atrioventricular junction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atypical tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity2917 :: (MESH:D013611,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular nodal']


abstract: One of the hallmarks of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is the progressive @entity528 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. It is generally accepted that this @entity528 is due to free-radical-induced damage. These free @entity528 . This implies that agents that reduce free radical generation could potentially delay the progression of @entity195 . Free radical generation in the brain is assisted by the presence of @entity68 , required by the Fenton reaction. Thus, agents that reduce @entity68 availability for this reaction could potentially reduce free radical formation. Since non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have been shown to reduce the severity of @entity195 , we investigated the possible mechanism by which @entity3352 could afford neuroprotection. Our results show that @entity3352 (1 mM) is able to reduce the @entity68 -induced rise in lipid peroxidation in @entity35 brain homogenates. In addition, our NMR data indicate that @entity3352 binds the @entity8798 / @entity596 ion. This was confirmed by a study using UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The results imply that @entity3352 provides a neuroprotective effect by binding to @entity68 and thus making it unavailable for free radical production.

title: @entity3352 reduces lipid peroxidation in XXXX brain homogenate by binding @entity8798 .

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['radicals attack vital structural components of the neurons', 'neuronal degeneration', 'degeneration of cholinergic neurons']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the characteristics, causes, treatment, and outcome, particularly the fate of the intraocular implant and visual acuity, of @entity130 wound @entity6783 occurring in @entity1 who had @entity2982 ( @entity2982 ). METHODS: Between 1989 and 1997, 21 corneal transplant @entity1 sustained @entity130 wound @entity6783 and were treated at our hospital. Graft @entity6783 was managed with primary wound closure in all @entity1 , except in some who required some combination of anterior vitrectomy, intraocular lens removal and reimplantation, and corneal regrafting. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity130 wound @entity6783 among @entity1 on whom we performed @entity2982 over a period of 9 years was 2.53%. This complication occurred, on average, 3.4 years (2 months to 13 years) after @entity2982 . Most @entity1 (76%) were @entity1 , and the average age at @entity6783 was 59 years (range, 15-82 years). All @entity397 occurred at the graft-host junction, which had neither particular site preference nor quadrant specificity. Of the 16 eyes that were pseudophakic, nine (56.3%) had either loss of implants or dislocation of intraocular lens so severe that lens removal was imperative. In the end, only five (23.8%) of the 21 grafts retained clarity. Of the remaining 16 eyes, seven were regrafted, of which five (71.4%) grafts remained clear. Of the nine grafts that became opaque, six eyes (28.6%) atrophied. At the last follow-up, only six eyes (28.6%) had visual acuity of 20/200 or better, and six eyes had no perception of light. Final visual acuity was found to correlate inversely with the severity and extent of wound separation. CONCLUSION: @entity130 wound @entity6783 is not rare after @entity2982 . The elderly corneal transplant @entity1 may be more prone to such an injury. @entity397 at the graft-host junction in all of our cases means the persistence of wound weakness after @entity2982 . Although graft survival and visual outcome are generally poor after the injury, the restoration of a satisfactory visual result is possible after regrafting, insofar as the involved eye is free of intractable @entity726 or @entity16 .

title: @entity130 wound XXXX after @entity2982 : clinical features and outcome in 21 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['posterior segment damage']

entities_list: @entity2982 :: ('MESH:D020197', 'Disease') :: ['penetrating keratoplasty', 'PK']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal rupture', 'corneal ruptures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic', 'traumatic']

answer: @entity6783 :: (MESH:D013529,Disease) :: ['dehiscence']


abstract: AIM: To determine financial barriers that impede the utilization of screening and treatment services for @entity0 among Nigerian @entity1 from different socioeconomic groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive study was carried out in 2013 among @entity1 attending the oncology clinic of a tertiary institution in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Data were collected from 270 @entity1 using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The links between the influence of socioeconomic factors on barriers to the utilization of @entity0 screening and treatment services were examined. RESULTS: A total of 270 @entity1 were studied. The mean age was 34.69 (Standard deviation = 5.07) years. Half of the study @entity1 were single 141 (51.3%), while 105 (38.2%) were married. Cost of medical treatment and not having insurance coverage was major financial barriers to utilization of screening and treatment services. The least poor and poor socioeconomic status (SES) groups utilized screening services and treatment more frequently than the very poor and poorest SES groups ( P = 0.034). There was no significant difference in the utilization of the different treatment options among the different socioeconomic groups with the exception of surgery (  2 = 11.397; P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Financial barriers limit the ability of @entity1 , especially the poorest SES group, to utilize screening and treatment services for early diagnosis and treatment of @entity0 . Interventions that will improve financial risk protection for @entity1 with @entity0 or at risk of @entity0 are needed to ensure equitable access to screening and treatment services.

title: Financial barriers to utilization of screening and treatment services for XXXX : An equity analysis in Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 have early changes in vascular structure with increased aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT) or carotid IMT (cIMT). aIMT may be an earlier, more sensitive marker; however, longitudinal data in type 1 @entity6 are lacking. This study will aim to evaluate changes in vascular structure (aIMT and cIMT) over 2   yr during puberty in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 and compare them with those in healthy @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 110 @entity1 (aged 10-18   yr, 55 males) participated in a prospective cohort study, including 77 @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy @entity1 . Ultrasound assessments of aIMT and cIMT; and clinical and biochemical data were collected at baseline and 2   yr later. RESULTS: Mean and maximal aIMT or cIMT did not worsen over time in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 compared with healthy @entity1 . Longer duration of @entity6 related to an increase in aIMT. Improvement in HDL @entity165 and leptin related to a decrease in aIMT. Higher baseline IMT related to an improvement in IMT in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 (mean and maximal aIMT: b   =   -0.52, p   <   0.001; b   =   -0.49, p   =   0.001, and mean and maximal cIMT: b   =   -0.36, p   =   0.003; b   =   -0.40, p   =   0.001), independent of cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic and carotid IMT does not deteriorate during puberty in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . This has implications for the design of interventional studies in this important age group.

title: Lack of evidence for progression of atherosclerosis during puberty in type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1778 in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, 981 had discontinued therapy before 1985 and had been followed up annually after cessation of therapy. Progeny was registered and fertility evaluated among survivors who passed age 18 years without a relapse (n = 299). By April 1989, 48 offspring were registered, one of whom had @entity154 . This was no more than expected from the incidence of @entity600 in the general population. No childhood @entity5 or @entity74 have so far been diagnosed in the progeny. In the study group, none of the 19 female and 8 male survivors of @entity2800 had become parents, and only 4 fathers were reported among the 131 male survivors of @entity981 ( @entity981 ). However, 23 of the 149 females treated for @entity981 had delivered 41 @entity1 . Fertility was measured as cumulative rates of first birth by maternal age. In a Cox regression analysis, cases who had received prophylactic radiation of the central nervous system (CNS) had a lower first birth rate than those without radiation (rate ratio 0.39, 95% CI 0.15-1.00), indicating that doses of 18-24 Gy to the brain may possibly be a risk factor. By using the Norwegian birth cohort of 1966 as a control group, matching the median year of birth for the study subjects, the group of female @entity981 survivors as a whole was as likely as the general female population to have given birth up to the age of 23. The first generation of females successfully treated for childhood @entity981 seems to have a nearly normal reproductive pattern during young adulthood, without increased risk of @entity154 in the offspring. However, cranial radiation as CNS prophylaxis may possibly impair subsequent reproduction.

title: Reproduction following treatment for XXXX : a population-based prospective cohort study of fertility and offspring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemias']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['childhood leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The progression of @entity432 in the major intracranial arteries was believed to be very rare in adult @entity1 with @entity7025 . The present study aims to clarify the incidence and clinical features of disease progression in @entity7025 . METHODS: For the past 15 years, 120 adult Japanese @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity7025 . Of these, 63 @entity1 were enrolled in this historical prospective cohort study on a total of 86 nonoperated hemispheres. All were followed up with a mean period of 73.6 months. MRI and magnetic resonance angiography were repeated every 6 to 12 months, and cerebral angiography was performed when disease progression was suspected on MRI and magnetic resonance angiography. RESULTS: Disease progression occurred in 15 of 86 nonoperated hemispheres (17.4% per hemisphere) or in 15 of 63 @entity1 (23.8% per @entity1 ) during the follow-up period. Occlusive arterial lesions progressed in both anterior and posterior circulations, in both symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1 , and in both bilateral and unilateral types. Eight of 15 @entity1 developed @entity63 or hemorrhagic events in relation to disease progression. Multivariate analysis revealed that the odds ratio conferred by a male @entity1 was 0.20 (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.97). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of disease progression in @entity7025 is much higher than recognized before, and female @entity1 may be at higher risk for it than male @entity1 . Careful follow-up would be essential to prevent additional @entity64 occurrence in medically treated adult @entity1 with @entity7025 , even if they are asymptomatic or are diagnosed as having @entity7025 .

title: Incidence and clinical features of disease progression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral moyamoya disease', 'adult moyamoya disease', 'moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive lesions']

answer: @entity7025 :: (MESH:D009072,Disease) :: ['adult moyamoya disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Advanced imaging used in combination with brachytherapy (BT) has revolutionized the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 . We present a comprehensive review of the literature for definitive radiation with high-dose-rate (HDR) BT. In addition, we investigate potential outcome improvement with image-based brachytherapy (IBBT) compared to studies using traditional Point A dosing. This review extensively investigates acute and late @entity137 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study reviews the literature from 2000 to 2015 with an emphasis on modern approaches including concurrent chemotherapy (chemoRT), radiation, and HDR BT and IBBT. Descriptive statistics and pelvic control (PC), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) outcomes were calculated using weighted means to report pooled analysis of outcomes. RESULTS: Literature search yielded 16 prospective, 51 retrospective studies that reported survival outcomes, and 13 retrospective studies that focused on acute and late @entity137 outcomes regardless of applicator type. There are 57 studies that report Point A dose specification with 33 having chemoRT, and 10 studies that use IBBT, 8 with chemoRT. @entity1 receiving radiation and chemoRT with HDR BT in the prospective studies, with >24  months followup, rates of PC were: for @entity138 : 73%, SD: 11; CRT: 82%, SD: 8; DFS- @entity138 : 55%, SD: 10; CRT: 65%, SD: 7; OS- @entity138 : 66%, SD: 7; CRT: 70%, SD: 11. In the retrospective studies, the PC rates (weighted means) for the radiation and chemoradiation outcomes are 75% vs. 80%, and for DFS, the values were 55% vs. 63%, respectively. Comparing @entity1 receiving chemoRT and IBBT to traditional Point A dose specification, there is a significant improvement in PC (p < 0.01) and DFS (p < 0.01) with IBBT. The range of genitourinary late @entity137 reported for radiation was Grade 3: 1-6% and for chemoRT 2-20%. The range of late gastrointestinal @entity137 for radiation was Grade 3: 4-11% and for chemoRT, 1-11%. For the late gynecologic @entity137 , only 1 of the 16 prospective trials report a Grade 1-2 of 17% for radiation and 9% for chemoRT effects. CONCLUSIONS: We present concise outcomes of PC, DFS, OS, and @entity137 for @entity5 @entity1 treated with chemoradiation and HDR BT. Our data suggest an improvement in outcomes with the use of IBBT compared with traditional Point A dose prescriptions. In conclusion, HDR BT is a safe, effective modality when combined with IBBT.

title: American Brachytherapy Task Group Report: A pooled analysis of clinical outcomes for high-dose-rate brachytherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: In xenotransplantation the use of donors transgenic for recipient-type complement regulatory protein decay-accelerating factor (DAF/ @entity9819 ) or membrane co-factor protein ( @entity806 / @entity806 ) protects grafts against hyperacute rejection (HAR), which is primarily mediated by xenoreactive natural antibodies and complement. In the Langendorff model, we previously demonstrated that @entity35 hearts transgenic for @entity1 @entity9819 ( @entity9819 ), perfused with human serum, were protected against HAR. However, ex vivo, these hearts were found to be destroyed by a process occurring after the period of HAR. The question arose as to whether hearts transgenic for @entity9819 are also protected against adhesion and infiltration by cells implicated in the early phases of xenograft rejection. The aim of the present study was to analyze this process in the ex vivo heart perfusion model. @entity9819 -transgenic @entity35 hearts and their controls were perfused with either heat-inactivated or normal @entity1 blood solutions for 60 min. Although most of the hearts had stopped beating within the 60-min perfusion period, the perfusion was not stopped to enable adhesion of cells during a fixed period identical for all groups. Independent of the presence of complement, H_E-stained tissues of @entity9819 -transgenic hearts revealed fewer PMN leukocytes adhering to the endothelium than the controls (mean: 31% vs 60%). Standard histology and immunohistochemistry showed that @entity9819 -transgenic hearts exhibited less @entity4 , @entity548 , microthrombosis, @entity527 , and leukocyte infiltration than did the controls. All hearts showed mild to moderate levels of P-selectin and similar levels of @entity1590 , C3c, C9, IgA, IgG, and IgM deposition. @entity9819 expressed on @entity35 hearts not only inhibits complement activation, but also @entity1 leukocyte adhesion and apparently functions as an anti-adhesion molecule. @entity9819 is an efficient factor in protecting grafts against HAR and protects the graft against adhesion of leukocytes as well.

title: @entity1 decay-accelerating factor expressed on XXXX hearts inhibits leukocyte adhesion.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['fibrin deposition']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity703 associated with Xp11.2 translocations/ @entity19409 gene fusions are rare subtypes of @entity703 that predominantly occur in younger individuals. There are very few reports describing the cytologic features of these @entity5 . CASE: A 27-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity811 and was found to have a mass in the lower part of the right kidney. Cytology of catheterized urine obtained from the right renal pelvis showed clusters of cells with abundant clear or eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, large round nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Papillary clusters containing thin fibrous stroma were occasionally seen. Voided urine cytology showed similar cell clusters but degeneration made the features obscure. Nephroureterectomy revealed a @entity703 showing a mixed papillary and nested architecture. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. CONCLUSION: The present case indicates that the characteristic features of these @entity5 subtypes can be retained in urine cytology. Cytology may be enough to suspect these @entity5 as part of the differential diagnosis when the @entity1 's age and imaging findings are taken into account and may facilitate further studies for a definitive diagnosis.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Cytologic Features of XXXX Associated with Xp11.2 Translocations/ @entity19409 Gene Fusions: A Case Report with Voided and Catheterized Urine Cytology and a Literature Review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'renal neoplasm', 'Renal carcinomas']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Renal Carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Initial administration of 60% @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) to @entity35 at an ambient temperature of 21  C decreases core temperature (Tc), primarily via @entity393 ( @entity393 ). Over repeated @entity3727 administrations, @entity35 first develop tolerance to this @entity2332 and subsequently exhibit @entity221 (a sign-reversal) due primarily to progressive increases in @entity3749 ( @entity3749 ). When @entity35 initially receive 60% @entity3727 in a thermal gradient, they become hypothermic while selecting cooler ambient temperatures that facilitate @entity393 . This study investigated whether @entity35 repeatedly administered 60% @entity3727 in a thermal gradient would use the gradient to behaviorally facilitate, or oppose, the development of chronic tolerance and a hyperthermic sign-reversal. Male Long-Evans @entity35 (N=16) received twelve 3-h administrations of 60% @entity3727 in a gas-tight, live-in thermal gradient. @entity2332 (Sessions 1-3), complete chronic tolerance (Sessions 4-6), and a subsequent transient hyperthermic sign-reversal (Sessions 7-12) sequentially developed. Despite the progressive recovery and eventual hyperthermic sign-reversal of Tc, @entity35 consistently selected cooler ambient temperatures during all @entity3727 administrations. A final 60% @entity3727 administration in a total calorimeter indicated that the hyperthermic sign-reversal resulted primarily from increased @entity3749 . Thus, @entity35 did not facilitate chronic tolerance development by moving to warmer locations in the gradient, and instead selected cooler ambient temperatures while simultaneously increasing autonomic @entity3749 . The inefficient concurrent activation of opposing effectors and the development of a sign-reversal are incompatible with homeostatic models of @entity734 and may be better interpreted using a model of drug-induced allostasis.

title: Repeated XXXX exposure in @entity35 causes a thermoregulatory sign-reversal with concurrent activation of opposing thermoregulatory effectors.

entities_list: @entity3749 :: ('MESH:D007787', 'Disease') :: ['heat production', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'increased heat loss']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug-adaptation']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: Karyotypes were analyzed from 14 @entity1 with various @entity6961 who had marrow samples processed directly and cultured in various ways. Eleven @entity1 had @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) (seven @entity1 ) or a @entity2590 (four @entity1 ). All of these @entity1 were known to have an abnormal karyotype, and in each case, two samples of a bone marrow aspirate were available: one processed directly and another cultured for 24 hr. Five of the 11 @entity1 had essentially the same proportion of abnormal cells in the direct and 24-hr samples; in five other @entity1 , the percentage of @entity2007 cells in the sample cultured for 24 hr was higher than that in the direct preparation. A higher percentage of @entity2007 cells was observed in the direct preparation in only one case. In three other cases of @entity3052 , a marrow aspirate was cultured with @entity1499 in addition to samples processed directly and after 24-hr culture; only two of these had an abnormal clone in any sample. The results of karyotype analysis differed in these two @entity1 . The proportion of @entity2007 cells was substantially higher in the methotrexate culture than in the 24-hr culture in one @entity1 ; in the other @entity1 , the 24-hr culture contained @entity2007 cells, whereas the methotrexate culture showed none. Three of the 13 @entity2007 @entity1 would have been incorrectly classified as being karyotypically normal on the basis of the initial analysis of the direct preparation, since only a single abnormal cell was detected in each case. The karyotypic pattern in untreated @entity1 with @entity3052 has prognostic significance; therefore, the method of processing marrow aspirates may substantially influence the degree of correlation between the karyotype and survival reported by different laboratories.

title: Methods of processing marrow samples may affect the frequency of detectable XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['dysmyelopoietic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorders']

answer: @entity2007 :: (MESH:D000782,Disease) :: ['aneuploid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti-inflammatory gene therapy is promising in inflammatory diseases such as @entity309 ( @entity309 ). We have previously demonstrated that intra-muscular (i.m.) electrotransfer (ET) of plasmids encoding three different @entity1 @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha-soluble receptor I variants ( @entity10736 -Is) exert protective effects in an experimental @entity309 model. However, such a systemic approach could be responsible for side effects. The present study aimed at performing an intra-articular (i.a.) gene therapy by electrotransfer using the @entity10736 -Is plasmids. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated targeting of @entity19 joints by CCD optical imaging after i.a. ET of a luciferase-encoding plasmid and we showed that ET led to strongly increased transgene expression in a plasmid dose-dependent manner. Moreover, articular and seric @entity10736 -Is was detectable for 2 weeks. As expected, systemic @entity10736 -Is rates were lower after i.a. ET than after i.m. ET. A longer protein secretion could be achieved with several i.a. ETs. Also, we observed that @entity10736 -Is expression within arthritic joints was slightly higher than in normal joints. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ), a @entity19 model for @entity309 , we demonstrated that @entity10736 -Is/ @entity6527 -encoding plasmid i.a. ET decreased joint destruction in the ankles. In conclusion, our results suggest that local @entity20081 -Is gene therapy may play a role in decreasing joint destruction in @entity1753 .

title: Intra-articular electrotransfer of plasmid encoding soluble TNF receptor variants in normal and arthritic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We studied the clinical features of @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) caused by a novel mutation in the @entity18963 ( @entity18963 ) gene in @entity1 and family members of Japanese descent. BACKGROUND: Previous reports have demonstrated that the clinical features of @entity1121 associated with mutations in the @entity18963 gene include late onset and a favorable clinical course. Recently, some mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins have been reported to be a cause of @entity384 ( @entity384 ), as well as @entity1121 . However, mutations of the @entity18963 gene have not been reported as a cause of @entity384 up to now. METHODS: We analyzed @entity18963 gene mutations in 250 unrelated probands with @entity1121 and in 90 with @entity384 . We used electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography to determine clinical phenotypes. RESULTS: We identified 17 individuals in 8 families (7 @entity1121 , 1 @entity384 ) with an @entity67274 mutation in the @entity18963 gene. Overall, 2 (40%) of 5 carriers age >70 years displayed "burnt-out" phase @entity1121 , and one of them had been diagnosed as having @entity384 before genetic identification. The disease penetrance in subjects age >50 years was 70% by echocardiography and 100% by ECG, and that in those age <50 years was 40% and 50%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly @entity1 with @entity67274 mutation may show "burnt-out" phase @entity1121 , and @entity1 with this mutation may be included among those diagnosed as having @entity384 . Screening of @entity1 with @entity384 , as well as @entity1121 , for this mutation is of significant importance because @entity1 with this mutation may be diagnosed clinically as having @entity384 .

title: A novel missense mutation in the @entity18963 gene is responsible for XXXX with left ventricular dysfunction and dilation in elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity18963 :: ('4607', 'Gene') :: ['MyBP-C', 'myosin binding protein-C']

entities_list: @entity67274 :: ('p|SUB|R|820|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg820Gln']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of erythrocyte @entity1499 - @entity8465 (MTX-PG) concentrations in determining the safety and efficacy of @entity6822 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: 79 @entity6822 -na  ve @entity1 with @entity309 were enrolled in this prospective 76-week cohort study. @entity6822 was initiated, and a predefined dose-escalation protocol was followed. Erythrocyte MTX-PG concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography. The associations of MTX-PG concentrations with disease activity and adverse events were analysed. RESULTS: Dose escalation of @entity6822 resulted in increased MTX-PG concentrations and a decrease in the mean Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28). A significant association was observed between total MTX-PG concentrations and   DAS28 at week 12 ( @entity66164 , p=0.003) and at week 24 ( @entity66165 , p=0.003). The maximum MTX-PG levels were significantly higher in @entity1 presenting with elevated transaminases (>= 100   IU/L) than in those without (146 vs 106   nmol/L, p=0.009). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a total MTX-PG concentrations of 83   nmol/L at week 12 was the threshold for a DAS28 improvement of >= 1.2 at week 24, and 105   nmol/L was the threshold for transaminases of >= 50   IU/L and 131   nmol/L for transaminases of >= 100   IU/L. MTX-PG concentrations were strongly influenced by body mass index and a serum albumin level. CONCLUSIONS: MTX-PG concentrations are a useful biomarker in @entity6822 therapy, in terms of efficacy and safety.

title: Association of erythrocyte XXXX - @entity8465 levels with the efficacy and hepatotoxicity of @entity1499 in @entity1 with @entity309 : a 76-week prospective study.

entities_list: @entity8465 :: ('MESH:D011099', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglutamate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: @entity8511 ( @entity8511 ) is a chronic @entity158 that primarily affects peri- and postmenopausal @entity1 . It is characterized by @entity3136 and may be associated with @entity2342 , @entity809 , @entity809 , and @entity2133 . The etiology of the disease process is unknown, but is thought to be neuropathic in origin. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of the various treatments for @entity8511 . Literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, which identified 22 randomized, controlled trials. Eight studies examined @entity12837 ( @entity6053 ), three @entity2053 , three psychotherapy and two @entity2951 , which all showed modest evidence of potentially decreasing @entity158 /burning. @entity2682 was seen in one study to work alone and synergistically with @entity6053 . Other treatments included @entity2221 , @entity3310 , @entity1341 , Catuama, olive oil, @entity3346 , @entity1133 and Hypericum perforatum. Of these other treatments, Catuama and @entity1341 were the only ones with significant positive results in symptom improvement. @entity6053 , topical @entity2053 , @entity2682 , and psychotherapy may provide modest relief of @entity158 in @entity8511 . @entity2682 may also boost the effect of @entity6053 . @entity2951 is limited by its side effects. Catuama showed potential for benefit. Future studies with standardized methodology and outcomes containing more @entity1 are needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX : A Systematic Review of Treatments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3346 :: ('MESH:D014196', 'Chemical') :: ['trazodone']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucosal burning']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin', 'Gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity8511 :: ('MESH:D002054', 'Disease') :: ['BMS', 'Burning mouth syndrome']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia', 'dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity3310 :: ('MESH:D001591', 'Chemical') :: ['benzydamine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity12837 :: ('MESH:D008063', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-lipoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['oral pain syndrome', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamins']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

entities_list: @entity2342 :: ('MESH:D004408', 'Disease') :: ['dysgeusia']

answer: @entity8511 :: (MESH:D002054,Disease) :: ['Burning Mouth Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enteral stenting is emerging as a viable treatment option for @entity344 . We describe our experience and review the literature on techniques and complications. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of a single surgical service from 1998 to January 2002 was performed for all cases of endoscopic stenting for obstruction of the GI tract. Demographics, indications, success rate, complications, and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: There were nine female and two male @entity1 aged 31-88 years (mean, 64.6). Six stents were placed in five @entity1 with @entity1084 . Technical success was achieved in 100%, and all @entity1 improved clinically. Seven stents were placed in six @entity1 with @entity694 . Technical success was achieved in 100%, and six of seven obstructions were relieved. There was one perforation, which required a colostomy. A review of the literature showed overall technical success rates as high as 100%, 80-100% improvement in obstructive symptoms, and a 0-30% complication rate. Complications include perforation (0-16%), @entity548 , occlusion, @entity4222 , and @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Enteral stenting is effective in relieving @entity344 , but it carries a risk for perforation. It should be considered an option to gastroenteric bypass, colostomy, or resection in debilitated @entity1 .

title: The use of enteral stents in colonic and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI obstruction', 'malignant obstructions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon obstruction']

answer: @entity1084 :: (MESH:D017219,Disease) :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously reported results of a randomized clinical trial of bifocals as a type of @entity1714 correction for @entity1 with near-point @entity5971 . After 30 months, the rate of @entity1714 progression in 36 @entity1 wearing bifocals averaged 0.40 D/yr compared to 0.50 D/yr in 39 @entity1 wearing single-vision glasses (p= 0.046, age-adjusted). Here we report on the 46 @entity1 in that study who completed 54 months of followup. METHODS: For each treatment group, we examined the pattern of change in @entity1714 over the first and second halves of the 54-month period to see if the beneficial effect of wearing bifocals was present initially for those 46 @entity1 , as it was in the entire group, and to see if the @entity1714 -slowing effect continued to accumulate during the second part of the study. During the last 12 months of the 54-month period, subjects were free to select any mode of myopic treatment, but this intent-to-treat analysis classified all @entity1 according to their original treatment assignment. RESULTS: During the first 24 months, the pattern of change in @entity1714 differed between the two groups (p = 0.041), with those in bifocals showing slower progression. A similar trend was observed for vitreous chamber growth (p= 0.059). During the last 30 months, @entity1714 progressed at a similar rate for both groups, including during the last year, when many subjects changed their mode of @entity1714 correction. CONCLUSION: Wearing bifocals instead of single-vision glasses caused a slowing of @entity1714 progression evident during the first two years. During the subsequent two-and-a-half years of followup, the difference in the degree of @entity1714 was maintained, but did not increase.

title: A randomized clinical trial of bifocal glasses for myopic XXXX with @entity5971 : results after 54 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esophoria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: In experimental autoimmune @entity1069 in a @entity35 model of @entity1069 of noninfectious origin the prostatic @entity586 ( @entity587 ) concentration decreases because of depressed 5alpha-reductase activity. This decrease in @entity3800 in situ could favor the development of @entity792 at the same time. We noted that a @entity587 increase could protect the gland from immune aggression and/or its consequences in regard to prostatic androgenic metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed in vitro the (3H)- @entity587 enzymatic bioconversion of prostate homogenates of male accessory sexual gland extract (MAG) immunized @entity35 and MAG immunized plus @entity587 implanted @entity35 (DSG @entity35 ), and performed ventral prostate histological observations. The specific cell immune response against MAG antigen(s) was studied by delayed @entity56 . RESULTS: In DSG and MAG @entity35 , and controls enzymatic activities (3alpha/ @entity1816 oxidoreductases) were 112.7 +/- 11.3, 91.4 +/- 15.0 (not significant) and 147.0 +/- 12.8 pmol per minute per mg protein (p <0.025). Histological findings in DSG @entity35 ventral prostates revealed infiltrating mononuclear cell foci in lower quantity and less magnitude than in MAG @entity35 prostates. Delayed @entity56 values were positive in MAG @entity35 and lower in DSG @entity35 in relation to kidney treated and untreated @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that constantly elevated @entity587 levels could decrease the cell immune response but not at significantly. In contrast, androgenic metabolism remains altered in the presence of exogenous @entity3800 .

title: Experimental autoimmune XXXX : @entity586 influence over the immune response.

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['chronic prostatic inflammation', 'prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['5alpha-dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune status']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To reappraise fundus autofluorescence (FAF) patterns in @entity1 with @entity10691 (GA) with the aim of simplifying the existing classification and to evaluate their stability with time using a data-driven approach, latent class analysis (LCA). METHODS: One hundred seventy-one @entity1 in the prospective, natural history study on GA (GAIN, NCT01694095) with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were screened. Five experienced observers independently evaluated FAF patterns according to the original classification, and LCA was used to determine the new, emerging categories (classes). A set of prespecified FAF features was then used to characterize each resulting class. RESULTS: Seventy-five eyes of 59 subjects with a median follow-up of 19 months were included. The optimal LCA model resulted in five classes, which showed an association with GA size, among others. The classes did not change in a given individual during the study period, but the time frame may have been too short to evaluate hypothetical transitions. CONCLUSIONS: The original description of FAF patterns, which is based exclusively on distribution of hyperautofluorescence around GA, ultimately classifies @entity1 according to area of @entity194 . These results suggest that FAF patterns are not true phenotypes and that they rather represent different stages of the disease. This may have implications regarding the role of lipofuscin on disease pathogenesis. : Spanish Abstract.

title: Reappraisal of XXXX patterns seen on fundus autofluorescence using a latent class analysis approach.

entities_list: @entity10691 :: ('MESH:D057092', 'Disease') :: ['geographic atrophy']

answer: @entity10691 :: (MESH:D057092,Disease) :: ['geographic atrophy']


abstract: The first-line strategy for the treatment of @entity28 and prevention of @entity66 is achieving @entity353 . Lifestyle measures, which consist of reductions in caloric intake by between 500 to 1000 calories per day, together with increases in physical activity and changes in health behaviors, are the cornerstone of prevention and treatment of @entity28 . However, maintenance of behavioral changes associated with @entity353 can be challenging and short-term improvements commonly fail to be translated into long-term behavioral maintenance. Therefore, adding anti- @entity28 drugs in @entity28 @entity1 who do not achieve sufficient @entity353 or who find it difficult to maintain initial @entity353 after lifestyle modifications may be a good strategy for @entity1 who can safely use them. It has been shown in @entity101 treatment trials that @entity353 , whether alone or in combination with antihypertensive drugs, has a beneficial effect on blood pressure control and heart rate and may therefore have a role in the management of @entity101 in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 . @entity353 has also been found to ameliorate several other modifiable @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors such as improving glycemic control, reducing total @entity165 , LDL @entity165 and @entity1674 , and increasing HDL @entity165 . In addition, increased physical activity (PA), reduces the risk for @entity731 , acute cardiovascular events, @entity64 , and @entity6 . Greater @entity353 typically confers larger improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, but even modest @entity353 of 5 to 10% has been shown to produce beneficial effects. A reduction in @entity1674 and an increase in HDL- @entity165 levels have been reported with 5% and 10% weight reduction. Though @entity353 associated with PA may be minimal compared with interventions that combine reduced caloric intake with exercises, PA has demonstrated favorable changes in body composition, and increased PA is recommended for @entity353 maintenance. In view of the abundance of evidence supporting health benefits associated with @entity353 , The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) recommends that lifestyle modifications such as @entity353 and regular aerobic exercise as part of the initial treatment strategy for lowering @entity101 . In this respect, the Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity101 (DASH) diet, which is rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products, and low in fat has been recommended by JNC. Because @entity353 interventions can be associated with reduced intake of essential nutrients as well as loss of muscle and bone mass, it is important to evaluate strategies for ability to induce desired changes without detrimental impact on vitamins and bone metabolism, and to determine the suitability of available options to targeted @entity1 . The aim of this report is to provide current evidence on the clinical effectiveness of various @entity28 management interventions that could be used in primary care settings to halt or slow the progression of @entity101 or @entity65 .

title: Obesity Management Interventions Delivered in Primary Care for @entity1 with @entity101 or XXXX : A Review of Clinical Effectiveness

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss', 'Weight loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: Many environmental contaminants are introduced via the diet and may act as @entity4903 , especially influencing growing organisms in early life. The purpose of this study was to examine whether dietary exposure of dams to fish naturally contaminated with xenobiotics, especially with @entity3215 ( @entity3215 ) and heavy metals (e.g. @entity349 and lead), resulted in @entity73 in adult offspring @entity19 . Daily, four groups of dams (n = 10/group) ingested standard diet plus paste with/without eels, during gestation and lactation, from @entity6677 ( @entity6677 ) six until post natal day (PND) 21 (weaning). Dams orally ingested a standardized amount of eel (0.8 mgkg(-1)d(-1)) containing the six non- @entity8710 -like (NDL) @entity3215 (  6 NDL- @entity3215 : 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180) at 0, 85, 216, and 400 ngkg(-1)d(-1). Results showed that early-life exposure to contaminated eels did not (compared to non-exposed controls) @entity2414 in the Y-maze in the offspring assessed at PND 38. Furthermore, it did not significantly impact spatial learning and retention memory as measured in the Morris water maze in adult offspring @entity19 (PND 120-123). Our results suggest that perinatal exposure to contaminated eels does not affect spatial cognitive performances, as assessed by the Y-maze and Morris water maze at adult age. Adverse effects of xenobiotics reported earlier might be camouflaged by beneficial eel constituents, such as @entity9539 . However, additional studies are needed to differentiate between potential positive and negative effects following consumption of food items both rich in nutrients and contaminants.

title: Dietary early-life exposure to contaminated eels does not impair spatial cognitive performances in adult offspring XXXX as assessed in the Y-maze and the Morris water maze.

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational day', 'GD']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive function deficits']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['n-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impair immediate working memory']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxins and endocrine disrupters']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Ultrasound-guided @entity616 has provided safe and accurate @entity1337 . Although the classic anatomical landmark technique is still standard for completing epidural or @entity510 , it is difficult to identify the anatomical structure in some cases such as pregnant @entity1 , @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity85 . Preparatory ultrasound scanning enables to identify the midline and determine the point of insertion, which reduces the number of puncture attempts and failure rate of procedure. Moreover, there are reports about the efficacy of ultrasound guidance in @entity1 . Usually, @entity616 for @entity1 is performed under general anesthesia which has some risk for @entity128 and inadequate catheterization. Visualization of epidural and @entity510 facilitates an appropriate insertion. Additionally, the utility of ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture has also been reported in emergency department. Cerebrospinal puncture is an important procedure for diagnosis of some critical conditions such as @entity510 and @entity4767 . Ultrasound imaging contributes to smooth procedure and fewer complications. This review summarizes the basic ultrasound-guided technique for expected difficult @entity616 @entity1 , presenting recent findings.

title: [The trends of ultrasound-guided XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system infections']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid puncture', 'subarachnoid space', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['neuraxial block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['neuraxial block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The differential diagnosis in @entity660 is often difficult despite the availability of various modern imaging modalities. This study assessed the role of EUS in the following: (1) discrimination of @entity9007 from @entity788 , (2) differential diagnosis between @entity12679 and mucinous @entity5 , and (3) prediction of accompanying @entity5 in @entity5 . METHODS: EUS findings in 75 @entity1 with @entity660 (58 @entity5 , 17 @entity9007 ) were evaluated. In the comparison of @entity9007 and @entity5 , the latter included @entity5 , mucinous @entity5 , and @entity12679 , but not solid-pseudopapillary @entity5 . RESULTS: In univariate analysis, @entity9007 exhibited @entity16001 and parenchymal changes more often than @entity5 did (respectively, 29% vs. 6%, p < 0.05; and 65% vs. 4%, p < 0.001). In contrast, septa and mural nodules were found more frequently in @entity5 than @entity9007 (respectively, 69% vs. 12%, p < 0.001; 56% vs. 12%, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that parenchymal changes (odds ratio [OR] = 83.59; p < 0.01); septa (OR = 30.75; p < 0.05); and mural nodules (OR = 21.38; p < 0.05) were independent predictors of differentiation between @entity9007 and @entity5 . @entity12679 exhibited diverse EUS features, as well as a honeycomb appearance. Mural nodules were found more often in mucinous @entity5 than in @entity12679 (p < 0.05). There were no factors that predicted @entity5 in @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: EUS is a useful complementary imaging method for differentiation of @entity660 .

title: EUS in the evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cystic tumors']

entities_list: @entity16001 :: ('MESH:D058535', 'Disease') :: ['echogenic debris']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic tumors', 'cystic tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors', 'intraductal papillary mucinous tumor']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity12679 :: ('MESH:D018293', 'Disease') :: ['serous cystadenoma', 'serous cystadenomas', 'Serous cystadenoma']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cystic lesions']


abstract: @entity1222 ( @entity1222 ), characterised by the infiltration of one or more organs by large mononuclear cells, can develop in @entity1 of any age. Although the features of this disease are well described in @entity1 , they remain poorly defined in adults. From January 2000 to June 2001, 274 adults from 13 countries, with biopsy-proven adult @entity1222 , were registered with the International Histiocyte Society Registry. Information was collected about clinical presentation, family history, associated conditions, cigarette smoking and treatment, to assist in future management decisions in @entity1 aged 18 years and older. There were slightly more males than females (143:126), and the mean ages at the onset and diagnosis of disease were 33 years (standard deviation (S.D.) 15 years) and 35 years (S.D. 14 years), respectively. 2 @entity1 had consanguineous parents, and 1 had a family history of @entity1222 ; 129 reported smoking (47.1%); 17 (6.2%) had been diagnosed with different types of @entity5 . @entity1222 , found in 86 @entity1 (31.4%), included isolated @entity358 in 44 cases; 188 @entity1 (68.6%) had @entity66 ; 81 (29.6%) had @entity2010 . Initial treatment consisted of @entity5713 administered with or without @entity230 , to 82 @entity1 (29.9%), including 9 who had received it with @entity2879 , which was the sole agent given to 19 @entity1 . 236 @entity1 were considered evaluable for survival. At a median follow-up of 28 months from diagnosis, 15 @entity1 (6.4%) had died (death rate, 1.5/100 @entity1 years, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 0.9-2.4). The probability of survival at 5 years postdiagnosis was 92.3% (95% CI 85.6-95.9) overall, 100% for @entity1 with @entity262 (n=37), 87.8% (95% CI 54.9-97.2) for isolated @entity358 (n=34), and 91.7% (95% CI 83.6-95.9) for @entity66 (n=163). Survival did not differ significantly among @entity1 with @entity66 , with or without liver or lung involvement) 5-year survival 93.6% (95% CI 84.7-97.4) versus 87.5% (95% CI 65.5-95.9), respectively; P value 0.1). @entity1222 in adults is most often a @entity66 with the highest mortality seen in @entity1 with isolated @entity358 . It should be included in the differential diagnosis of disseminated or localised disease of the bone, skin and mucosa, as well as the lung and the endocrine and central nervous system, regardless of the age of the @entity1 . A prospective international therapeutic study is warranted.

title: XXXX in adults. Report from the International Registry of the Histiocyte Society.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Single-system LCH', 'Langerhans cell histiocytosis', 'LCH']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['single-system disease']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease', 'pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity1222 :: (MESH:D006646,Disease) :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of @entity28 , household food consumption patterns, physical activity patterns and smoking between a rural and an urban community in the Palestinian West Bank and to describe the associations of the latter factors with body mass index (BMI). DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional survey in a rural and an urban Palestinian West Bank community. SUBJECTS: A total of 549 @entity1 and 387 @entity1 aged 30-65 y, excluding pregnant @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: @entity28 was defined as BMI >/=30 kg/m(2). RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity28 was 36.8 and 18.1% in rural @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively, compared with 49.1 and 30.6% in urban @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. The mean difference (s.e) in BMI levels was 1.6 (0.52) kg/m(2) between urban and rural @entity1 and 0.9 (0.46) kg/m(2) in @entity1 . At the household level, the mean energy consumption from 25 selected food items was 13.8 MJ (3310 kcal)/consumption unit/day in the rural community compared to 14.5 MJ (3474 kcal)/consumption unit/day in the urban community (P=0.021). BMI was positively associated with age in both @entity1 and @entity1 and with urban residence in @entity1 . BMI was negatively associated with smoking and physical activity in @entity1 and with educational level in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: BMI was associated with urban residence in @entity1 after adjusting for age, smoking, education, physical activity and nutrition-related variables, suggesting that the differences in the conventional determinants of @entity28 could not fully explain the difference in the prevalence of @entity28 between the two communities. Among @entity1 , the measured determinants explained the rural-urban differences in BMI.

title: XXXX in a rural and an urban Palestinian West Bank population.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: AIM: To elucidate a simple method for isolating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from @entity1 umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells and observe the endothelial cell-specific expression profile during proliferation and differentiation in vitro. METHODS: @entity1 umbilical cord blood were isolated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation from @entity1 cord blood and cultured in vitro. The adherent cells were then identified by immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometric analysis. @entity1050 (34), @entity319 ( @entity319 ), EPCs specific antigen @entity1050 (133), as well as endothelial cell specific markers @entity1050 (31) and @entity2881 were used. The cells were characterized by acetylated LDL (acLDL) up-taking and lectin binding by direct fluorescentstaining. RESULTS: During culture, the attached cells exhibited spindle-shape in early stage, and gradually display endothelium-like cobblestone morphology with outgrowth. On day 7, flow cytometric analysis showed that the positive staining rate of attached cells for @entity1050 (133), @entity1050 (34) and @entity319 were 17.8%  3.7%, 22.1%  4.4% and 81.5%  5.0%, respectively. While, immunohistochemical staining showed that the adherent cells were positive to @entity1050 (31) and @entity2881 at the rate of 92.7%  2.2% and 73.3%  4.2%, respectively. By direct fluorescentstaining, we observed that 83.0%  4.3% of the attached cells were double positive for DiI-acLDL and @entity2823 -UEA-I. CONCLUSION: EPCs can be separated from @entity1 cord blood under certain conditions in vitro. This observation may provide a basis for study of relationship between @entity989 , as well as further clinical application of EPCs in @entity989 .

title: Culture and identification of endothelial progenitor cells from XXXX umbilical cord blood.

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFR-2', 'vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['EPCs and retinal neovascularization', 'ischemic retinal lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The fungal pathogen @entity5132 switches from a @entity375 -like to a filamentous mode of growth in response to a variety of environmental conditions. We examined the morphogenetic behavior of @entity5132 @entity375 cells lacking the @entity20883 gene, which encodes the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A. We cloned the @entity20883 gene and generated a @entity20883 tpk2 double mutant strain because a homozygous @entity20883 mutant in a wild-type genetic background could not be obtained. In the @entity20883 tpk2 mutant, protein kinase A activity (due to the presence of the TPK1 gene) was @entity1919 independent, indicating that the cells harbored an unregulated phosphotransferase activity. This mutant has constitutive protein kinase A activity and displayed a @entity66 in @entity3954 and in serum-containing medium. The subcellular localization of a Tpk1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was examined in wild-type, tpk2 null, and @entity20883 tpk2 double mutant strains. The fusion protein was observed to be predominantly nuclear in wild-type and tpk2 strains. This was not the case in the @entity20883 tpk2 double mutant, where it appeared dispersed throughout the cell. Coimmunoprecipitation of Bcy1p with the Tpk1-GFP fusion protein demonstrated the interaction of these proteins inside the cell. These results suggest that one of the roles of Bcy1p is to tether the protein kinase A catalytic subunit to the nucleus.

title: XXXX lacking the gene encoding the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A displays a defect in hyphal formation and an altered localization of the catalytic subunit.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['defective germinative phenotype']

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3136 is the dose-limiting @entity137 for @entity1 receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimens for @entity5 of the head and neck area. Currently, the management of established @entity33 includes the use of topical anesthetics and systemic analgesics. Based on the clinical evidence of @entity158 alleviation by topical @entity1286 in @entity1 with some inflammatory and painful conditions, a clinical study was undertaken to determine this effect on @entity33 -associated @entity158 . METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity135 treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy for @entity135 who had severe painful @entity33 (World Health Organization Grade 2 or higher) were enrolled. @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity1286 mouthwash (MO; 14 @entity1 ) or magic mouthwash (MG), a mixture of equal parts of @entity3303 , @entity3933 , and @entity30288 (12 @entity1 ). RESULTS: The duration of severe @entity158 was 3.5 days less in the MO group compared with the MG group (P = 0.032). The intensity of @entity158 was also significantly lower in the MO group compared with the MG group (P = 0.038). No @entity1 in the MO group required third-step opiates for alleviation of the mouth @entity158 . There was a significant difference in duration of severe functional impairment (P = 0.017). Five @entity1 in the MG group complained of local side effects and only one in the MO group (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity135 receiving concomitant chemoradiotherapy, MO is a simple and effective treatment to decrease the severity and duration of @entity158 and the duration of functional impairment.

title: Effect of topical @entity1286 for XXXX -associated @entity158 following concomitant chemoradiotherapy for @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma', 'head and neck carcinomas', 'head and neck malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['Oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity30288 :: ('MESH:C013591', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium aluminum hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['oral pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucositis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To propose guidelines for treatment based on the study of early and late outcome after various surgical procedures for @entity2976 ( @entity2976 ). PRIMARY BACKGROUND DATA: @entity2976 is rare. The main complication is @entity1321 . Ideal treatment is resection of the membrane, whenever possible. Mortality and morbidity, however, have not been well analyzed. METHODS: The case records and histopathological reports of 32 operated cases of @entity2976 (18 centers during 16 years) were retrospectively studied. @entity1 underwent four types of procedures: group 1 (n = 5), membrane resection; group 2 (n = 12), enterolysis with partial excision of the membrane; group 3 (n = 7), intestinal resection, and group 4 (n = 8), exploratory laparotomy only. Five cases were considered as idiopathic. Medical and surgical antecedent history for the 27 other cases (6 @entity1 had associations) included laparotomy for @entity189 (n = 14) or benign disorders (n = 5), beta-blocker treatment (n = 4), cirrhotic @entity843 (n = 4), generalized @entity298 (n = 3) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (n = 3). Indications for operation included subacute (n = 22) or acute @entity1321 (n = 6), abdominal mass (n = 8), other clinical presentations (n = 4) and asymptomatic @entity2976 discovered during surgery for portacaval shunt (n = 1). Seven @entity1 had two associated clinical presentations. All cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity843 and the asymptomatic @entity1 were in group 4. None of the imaging techniques (plain radiograms, barium follow-through, sonograms and CT scans) were formally contributive to the preoperative diagnosis of @entity2976 . RESULTS: In group 1, both complicated @entity1 , one with an inadvertent intraoperative intestinal wound, the other with a postoperative intestinal leak, healed uneventfully. In group 2, 4 inadvertent intraoperative intestinal wounds led to 4 postoperative leaks with 3 consequent @entity204 . One further @entity1 died of persistent @entity1321 . In group 3, 1 inadvertent intestinal intraoperative wound healed uneventfully and 2 @entity204 , one due to persistent @entity1321 associated with @entity834 and the other due to @entity2224 , were noted. In group 4, there were no intraoperative wounds, no postoperative morbidity or @entity204 . The median follow-up was 49.5 months (range 4-142 months). Seven @entity1 (1 or 2 in each group) experienced transient episodes of subacute @entity1321 between 1 month and 6 years after discharge, none of which required a repeat operation. Eight @entity1 (in all groups) died of their initial @entity5 between 4 and 75 months after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that: (1) resection of the membrane should be attempted when feasible; (2) in case of inadvertent intestinal wound(s), the most proximal one should be brought out as a stoma, and partial resections should not be anastomosed primarily, but (3) no surgical treatment is required in @entity843 , asymptomatic @entity2976 or subacute @entity1321 .

title: Sclerosing encapsulating XXXX : early and late results of surgical management in 32 cases. French Associations for Surgical Research.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity2976 :: ('MESH:D056627', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis', 'SEP']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']