abstract: 1. Single-unit electrical activity has been recorded from 34 dorsal horn neurons in the sacral segments (S1-2) of the spinal cord in @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity35 . All of the neurons had cutaneous receptive fields (RFs) on the @entity35 's tail. The neurons were classified according to their responses to both innocuous and noxious mechanical stimulation of their RFs. Twenty-five cells were driven by both innocuous and noxious skin stimulation (multireceptive or class 2), and 9 neurons were driven only by noxious skin stimulation (nocireceptive or class 3). 2. The RF size, mechanical threshold, and afferent input properties of these neurons were determined in the intact anesthetized and spinalized states. Reversible spinalization was achieved by cooling the cervical spinal cord to 4 degrees C. 3. The class 2 neurons had a mean RF size of 919.8 +/- 112.0 (SE) mm2 in the intact animal. Fourteen of the 25 class 2 cells had larger RFs in the spinal state (mean increase = 330.0 mm2, SE = 79.2) and so were under tonic descending inhibition. Five neurons, all with @entity7183 input, had smaller RFs (mean decrease = 247.6 mm2, SE = 136.6) and higher mechanical thresholds in the spinal state and so were under tonic descending excitation. Six neurons were unaffected by spinalization. 4. Five class 3 neurons recorded in the superficial dorsal horn had small RFs in the intact animal (mean = 201.0 mm2, SE = 48.8) and showed little or no change in RF size on spinalization (mean increase = 33.4 mm2, SE = 16.7), but their mechanical thresholds did decrease, indicating weak tonic descending inhibition. In contrast, four class 3 neurons recorded in the deep dorsal horn had larger RFs in the intact animal (mean = 566.8 mm2, SE = 156.8), and were under strong tonic descending inhibition, because they had much larger RFs (mean increase = 461.0 mm2, SE = 68.3), lower mechanical thresholds, and stronger @entity7183 afferent input in the spinal state. 5. We conclude that the majority of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons are subject to a net tonic descending control of their RF properties. The class 2 neurons in the deep dorsal horn appear to be a heterogeneous population, some cells being under tonic descending excitation and others under tonic descending inhibition. Class 3 cells can be separated into those located in the superficial dorsal horn, whose RF properties show very little change on spinalization, and those in the deep dorsal horn, whose RF properties change markedly on spinalization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Tonic descending influences on receptive-field properties of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons in sacral spinal cord of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: To examine the effectiveness of administering recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) in distraction osteogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-one mature male @entity95 underwent unilateral mandibular osteotomy. After 5 days, the osteotomized mandibles were distracted 1mm/day for 10 days. On the first day (groups @entity1938 [n=4] and @entity3750 [n=4]) or on the last day (group B [n=5]) of distraction, rhBMP-2 mixed with collagen gel was injected into the distraction zone. In control groups (groups @entity6746 [n=4] and @entity3627 [n=4]), the mandibles were distracted without rhBMP-2 injection. At the end of the distraction period (groups @entity44057 ) and after 2 weeks of consolidation (groups @entity3750 , B, and @entity3627 ), the distracted mandibles were harvested and examined with soft radiographs, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and microscopy. RESULTS: Radioopacity was more marked in the distraction zone of the groups with rhBMP-2 than in control groups. The mineral density of the cortical bone ( @entity1555 ) was higher in groups B and @entity3750 than in group @entity3627 . Histologically, bone formation was more advanced in groups @entity3750 than in group @entity3627 . The cortical @entity1555 was higher in group @entity1938 than in group @entity6746 . Histologically, bone formation was more advanced in groups @entity3750 than in group @entity3627 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that rhBMP-2 promotes bone formation in distraction osteogenesis.

title: Effect of recombinant @entity1 XXXX (rhBMP-2) on bone consolidation on distraction osteogenesis: a preliminary study in @entity95 mandibles.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Japanese white rabbits']

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']


abstract: Pasture @entity47 plays an important role in the air-surface exchange and food chain transfer of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ). Therefore, considerable research has been focused towards measuring @entity2556 in @entity47 using different analytical methods. However, in most cases information on the efficiencies of the different extraction methods employed is missing. This complicates data interpretation and inter-study comparisons. To address this deficiency, the extraction efficiencies of two commonly used @entity47 extraction techniques (sonication and soxhlet) and different solvents ( @entity4315 , @entity17058 and @entity4315 : @entity1324 [4:1, v/v]) were compared. The completeness of the extraction was investigated using alkaline saponification in @entity1042 . Soxhlet extraction was able to access between 60 and 90% of the total amount of @entity2556 in the @entity47 . Sonication was less efficient, only being able to extract between 10 and 50% of the @entity2556 . Extraction efficiencies were found to increase with increasing PAH molecular weight. The implications of these findings on data interpretation are discussed.

title: Influence of the extraction methodology on the analysis of @entity2555 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetation', 'pasture vegetation']

answer: @entity47 :: (MESH:D018458,Disease) :: ['pasture vegetation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Strategic Health IT Advanced Research Projects (SHARP) program seeks to conquer well-understood challenges in medical informatics through breakthrough research. Two SHARP centers have found alignment in their methodological needs: (1) members of the National Center for Cognitive Informatics and Decision-making (NCCD) have developed knowledge bases to support problem-oriented summarizations of @entity1 data, and (2) Substitutable Medical @entity467 , Reusable Technologies (SMART), which is a platform for reusable medical @entity467 that can run on participating platforms connected to various electronic health records (EHR). Combining the work of these two centers will ensure wide dissemination of new methods for synthesized views of @entity1 data. Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) is an NIH-funded clinical research data repository platform in use at over 100 sites worldwide. By also working with a co-occurring initiative to SMART-enabling i2b2, we can confidently write one app that can be used extremely broadly. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to facilitate development of intuitive, problem-oriented views of the @entity1 record using NCCD knowledge bases that would run in any EHR. To do this, we developed a collaboration between the two SHARPs and an NIH center, i2b2. METHODS: First, we implemented collaborative tools to connect researchers at three institutions. Next, we developed a @entity1 summarization app using the SMART platform and a previously validated NCCD problem-medication linkage knowledge base derived from the National Drug File-Reference Terminology ( @entity6536 -RT). Finally, to SMART-enable i2b2, we implemented two new Web service "cells" that expose the SMART application programming interface (API), and we made changes to the Web interface of i2b2 to host a "carousel" of SMART @entity467 . RESULTS: We deployed our SMART-based, @entity6536 -RT-derived @entity1 summarization app in this SMART-i2b2 container. It displays a problem-oriented view of medications and presents a line-graph display of laboratory results. CONCLUSIONS: This summarization app can be run in any EHR environment that either supports SMART or runs SMART-enabled i2b2. This i2b2 "clinical bridge" demonstrates a pathway for reusable app development that does not require EHR vendors to immediately adopt the SMART API. @entity467 can be developed in SMART and run by clinicians in the i2b2 repository, reusing clinical data extracted from EHRs. This may encourage the adoption of SMART by supporting SMART app development until EHRs adopt the platform. It also allows a new variety of clinical SMART @entity467 , fueled by the @entity1423 of data types available in research repositories. The app (including its knowledge base) and SMART-i2b2 are open-source and freely available for download.

title: Health care transformation through collaboration on open-source informatics projects: integrating a medical applications platform, research data repository, and XXXX summarization.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['broad aggregation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: AIM: To assess the prevalence and prognostic power of disseminated @entity5 cells ( @entity9856 ) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) before primary systemic therapy (PST). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 @entity1 attending our Breast Unit were studied between 2002 and 2012, all of them being considered for PST. To determine the presence of @entity9856 , posterior iliac crest aspirates were obtained and marrow samples were processed by gradient separation with Ficoll (Lymphoprep(  )) and immunohistochemical staining using the antiCK A45-B/B3 (EPIMET) antibody. Clinicopathologic variables were recorded before and after PST to assess response. Disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were determined after follow-up. The presence of @entity9856 as a predictor of response to PST and as a prognostic tool for @entity1349 and DSF was evaluated. RESULTS: @entity9856 were observed in 26% of 47 @entity1 included in the study. PST consisted of chemotherapy in 94% and hormone therapy in 6%. Breast-conserving therapy was attained in 33%. Mean follow-up was 68 months. Complete clinical response (CR) after PST was seen in 26%, disease recurrence in 38%, and @entity5 in 8%; @entity5 size and negative @entity172 receptors were significant predictors of CR and mastectomy was associated with DFS. Persistent @entity66 after PST and previous recurrence were predictive of @entity1349 . @entity9856 were detected more often in @entity1 who did not achieve CR and those who presented recurrence. @entity9856 detection was a significant prognostic factor for a worse @entity1349 (OR = 7.62; CI95%: 1.46-39.61; p = 0.009) and a decreased survival time (62 versus 82 months, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Presence of @entity9856 before PST was found in a significant number of @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity9856 were found to be a significant prognostic factor for @entity5 . @entity9856 could be a surrogate predictor of response to PST and also of disease recurrence in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Detection of disseminated @entity5 cells in @entity0 XXXX before primary systemic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['locally advanced breast cancer', 'LABC']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['axillary disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related death']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity170 and @entity174 influences the selection of adjuvant endocrine therapy. We analyzed @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in Swiss @entity1 of the @entity29906 -98 trial [treatment arms: A, @entity440 (T) for 5 years; B, @entity4672 (L) for 5 years; C, 2 years of T followed by 3 years of L; D, 2 years of L followed by 3 years of T]. @entity1 AND METHODS: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results were retrospectively collected. @entity1 without DXA served as control group. Repeated measures models using covariance structures allowing for different times between DXA were used to estimate changes in @entity79 . Prospectively defined covariates were considered as fixed effects in the multivariable models. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-one of 546 @entity1 had one or more DXA with 577 lumbar and 550 hip measurements. Weight, height, prior hormone replacement therapy, and hysterectomy were positively correlated with @entity79 ; the correlation was negative for @entity4672 arms (B/C/D versus A), known @entity170 , time on trial, age, chemotherapy, and smoking. Treatment did not influence the occurrence of @entity170 (T score < -2.5 standard deviation). CONCLUSIONS: All aromatase inhibitor regimens reduced @entity79 . The sequential schedules were as detrimental for bone density as L monotherapy.

title: Bone mineral density in breast cancer @entity1 treated with adjuvant XXXX , @entity440 , or sequences of @entity4672 and @entity440 in the @entity29906 -98 study (SAKK 21/07).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity29906 :: ('5067', 'Gene') :: ['Breast International Group (BIG) 1']

answer: @entity4672 :: (MESH:C067431,Chemical) :: ['letrozole']


abstract: @entity1003 and @entity548 plays a major role in the mortality of thoraco-abdominal @entity439 repair. Increasing supraceliac aortic cross-clamp time from 0 to 90 minutes increases the degree of disseminated @entity5642 , which occurs as a result of occlusion and reperfusion of the superior mesenteric artery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the superior mesenteric artery reperfusion disseminated @entity5642 . Twenty @entity235 were divided into four groups: cross-clamp time of 30 minutes; cross-clamp time of 60 minutes; cross-clamp time of 90 minutes; and control. Permeability was determined by @entity11884 / @entity2656 absorption. The venous effluent was sampled for endotoxin, @entity972 , bacteria, and pH every hour and urine was collected for six hours. Lactulose absorption was significantly higher in all of the experimental groups. There was increased permeability in the 60 and 90 minute groups which correlated significantly with time. Venous endotoxin, @entity972 , and blood cultures for bacteria did not change significantly. The pH was significantly lower every hour for six hours in the 90 minute group. These data suggest that intestinal permeability is increased with supraceliac aortic clamping and can be kept to a minimum for clamp times of under one hour.

title: Increased intestinal permeability: implications for XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['Coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15967 of @entity36948 are typically asymptomatic @entity455 characterized by blue-to-red papules with a scale surface, most often located on the scrotum. Although considered benign, the lesions may bleed, either spontaneously or secondary to rupture, leading to @entity1 @entity148 and social embarrassment. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the safety and effectiveness of 585-nm pulsed dye laser for the treatment of @entity15967 of @entity36948 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with Fitzpatrick skin type II to IV were treated for @entity15967 of @entity36948 with pulsed dye laser (5.5-8.0 J/cm(2)) in two to six sessions. Lesion clearance was evaluated by two specialists on the basis of digital photographs taken before the first treatment and 2 months after the last treatment. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 had an excellent response (clearance rating 75%-100%) and five @entity1 had a good response (clearance rating 50%-75%). Transient @entity4125 and @entity158 were present in all @entity1 . Bleeding during treatment occurred in five @entity1 . There were no permanent side effects. CONCLUSION: Pulsed dye laser is effective and safe for the treatment of @entity15967 , with minimum side effects, providing an additional nonablative therapeutic option.

title: Treatment of XXXX with pulsed dye laser.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity15967 :: ('MESH:D000794', 'Disease') :: ['angiokeratoma of Fordyce', 'Angiokeratomas', 'angiokeratomas']

answer: @entity15967 :: (MESH:D000794,Disease) :: ['angiokeratoma of Fordyce']


abstract: Although @entity2318 formation is a common response to almost any @entity130 to the adult central nervous system, lesions in fetal and neonatal @entity35 have been reported to induce little or no scar formation. To examine this developmental difference further, @entity35 ranging in age from 1 to 65 days postnatal were unilaterally enucleated, a surgical procedure that causes the axons in the optic nerve to degenerate. The optic nerves were processed for light and electron microscopy at times ranging from 7 to 365 days postenucleation. Pronounced and permanent @entity66 were formed in every age group examined, including the neonates. However, the time course for @entity528 and formation of a compact, debris-free @entity66 varied as a function of developmental age. In neonatal @entity35 , a compact @entity66 formed in 1-2 weeks whereas 3-5 months were required for compact @entity66 in juveniles and adults. Changes in cross-sectional area were also associated with @entity528 and @entity66 . Whereas lesioned neonatal optic nerves underwent little change in area, there was a substantial decrease in area in the juvenile and adult. Morphometric analysis showed that irrespective of the age of the animal at the time of enucleation, the final area of the compact @entity66 was 10-20% of the unlesioned adult control. These results suggest that conflict in the literature over the ability of neonatal astrocytes to form a @entity66 may be due to the nature of the lesion or the method of detection since astrocytes in the neonatal @entity35 optic nerve clearly have the capacity to become reactive and form a @entity66 .

title: Changes in XXXX formation in @entity35 optic nerve as a function of development.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial scars', 'glial scar', 'glial scar formation']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['astroglial scar']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve degeneration', 'removal of the degenerating axonal debris']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury']

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['astroglial scar']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity4790 is a @entity717 characterized by brief, irregular, involuntary contractions that appear to flow from 1 muscle to another. There are a limited number of reports in the literature that have @entity1112 and @entity4790 . The authors describe their experience in treating @entity7025 in @entity1 in whom @entity4790 developed as part of the clinical presentation. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective review of a consecutive series of 316 @entity1 who underwent pial synangiosis revascularization for @entity7025 at the Boston @entity1 's Hospital. RESULTS: Of 316 surgically treated @entity1 with @entity7025 , 10 (3.2%; 6 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ) had @entity4790 as a part of their presentation. The average age at surgical treatment was 9.9 years (range 3.8-17.9 years). All @entity1 had evidence of hypertrophied lenticulostriate collateral vessels through the basal ganglia on preoperative angiography and/or MRI on affected sides. Two @entity1 had @entity5409 in the basal ganglia. Nine @entity1 underwent bilateral craniotomies for pial synangiosis, and 1 @entity1 underwent a single craniotomy for @entity66 . Follow-up was available in 9 @entity1 (average 50.1 months). The mean duration of @entity4790 was 1.36 years (range 2 days to 4 years), with resolution of symptoms in all @entity1 . One @entity1 developed @entity4790 3 years after surgical treatment, 4 @entity1 had transient @entity4790 that resolved prior to surgery, and 5 @entity1 experienced resolution of the @entity4790 after surgery (average 13 months). CONCLUSIONS: The authors describe @entity1 with @entity7025 and @entity4790 as part of their clinical presentation. The data suggest that involvement of the basal ganglia by the hypertrophied collateral vessels contributes to the development of @entity4790 , which can wax or wane depending on disease stage or involution of the vessels after revascularization surgery. In most @entity1 , however, the @entity4790 improves or disappears about 1 year after presentation.

title: @entity4790 in the clinical presentation of XXXX : results of surgical revascularization and a proposed clinicopathological correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral disease']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['chorea', 'Chorea']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['linked moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

answer: @entity7025 :: (MESH:D009072,Disease) :: ['moyamoya disease']


abstract: This study examines @entity409 after varying severities of the Impact Acceleration Model of diffuse traumatic @entity1545 . Adult @entity35 (340 g-400 g) were divided into five groups, and exposed to varying degrees of Impact Acceleration Injury (1 m, 2 m, 2.1 m/500 g and second insult). After injury, animals were allowed to recover; acute neurological reflexes, beam walk score, beam balance score, inclined plane score, and Morris Water Maze score were then assessed at multiple time points. Injury of all severities caused significant motor and @entity73 . With milder injuries these effects were transient; however, with more severe injuries no recovery in function was seen. The addition of @entity519 and @entity551 made a moderate @entity130 . The acute neurological reflexes, the beam balance test and the inclined plane test distinguished between the more severely injured groups, but were affected less by mild injury. The beam walk test was sensitive to mild injury, but appeared unable to distinguish between the severe groups. The Morris Water Maze was sensitive for all injury groups, but appeared to adopt a different response profile with secondary insult. This study has for the first time characterized the degree of motor and @entity73 in rodents exposed to differing severities of Impact Acceleration Injury. These data confirm that the tests considered, and the Injury Model used, provide a useful system for the consideration of potential therapies which might ameliorate neuropsychological deficits in @entity1545 .

title: The impact-acceleration model of head injury: injury severity predicts motor and cognitive performance after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury', 'diffuse brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury worse than a severe injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the postoperative phase after colorectal surgery, restrictions on physical activity are often recommended for @entity1 to prevent @entity547 . However, evidence does not support that restrictions may prevent @entity547 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of restrictions on physical activity recommended for @entity1 operated for @entity14 and to evaluate the agreement among surgical specialists. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 60 general surgeons (specialists) in Denmark and Sweden working in academic departments of surgery with a high volume of @entity14 resections. The questionnaire was case based and contained questions regarding possible restrictions on physical activity recommended for @entity1 0-2, 2-6 and >6 weeks after resection for @entity14 . Agreement among the surgeon on whether restrictions should be recommended was analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-one surgeons answered the questionnaire (68.3 %). The probability that two randomly chosen specialists agreed on whether restrictions should be given was generally low for the first two time periods (0-2 and 2-6 weeks); however, at >6 weeks there was a high level of agreement. Moreover, the number of restrictions recommended was different between the 41 surgeons (p < 0.0005) and more restrictions were recommended for open compared with laparoscopic surgery (p < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Major disagreements exist on the degree of restrictions on physical activity that should be recommended for @entity1 after colorectal surgery. As there is no evidence to support that specific restrictions prevent @entity547 formation, these are merely based on personal preferences. Clinical studies in this area are therefore highly warranted.

title: No consensus on restrictions on physical activity to prevent XXXX after surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'such hernias', 'incisional hernias']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['incisional hernias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among @entity1 with @entity14 , @entity1 race has been associated with differences in @entity14 survival. Survival disparities between ethnic groups may be related to @entity13217 , treating hospital, or other @entity1 factors. We hypothesized that prolonged interval to delivery of @entity5 therapy negatively impacts survival. STUDY DESIGN: We designed a retrospective cohort study using @entity5 registry and clinical database information from two academically affiliated hospitals. We examined factors associated with interval to treatment and associations between interval and overall survival. RESULTS: Among 592 @entity1 treated by a cohort of physicians, we found no differences in @entity5 stage related to race or treating hospital. Interval to treatment differed between different hospitals (29 vs. 16 days; P < .0001); yet, there were no differences in overall survival related to treatment interval, treating hospital, race, or insurance status. @entity5 grade and @entity5 stage were associated with decreased overall survival. CONCLUSION: Differences exist related to the timing of definitive care for @entity1 in this series; however, these differences do not translate directly into differences in overall survival. We must deliver quality health care in an efficient and timely manner; however, the metric of interval to treatment may not measure reliably the quality of care received.

title: Is timing to delivery of treatment a reliable measure of quality of care for @entity1 with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['treatment delays']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article was to determine the relative efficacy of a psychotherapy program when combined with pharmacotherapy versus medication and clinical management in more severely @entity308 @entity1 . METHOD: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 124 hospitalized @entity1 with DSM-IV @entity308 that compared 5 weeks of interpersonal psychotherapy modified for @entity308 inpatients (15 individual and eight group sessions) plus pharmacotherapy with a regimen that involved medication plus intensive clinical management. The study included a prospective, naturalistic follow-up 3 and 12 months after acute treatment in 97 of 105 treatment completers. The 17-item version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: For the intent-to-treat cohort (N=124), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that @entity1 treated with interpersonal psychotherapy had a significantly greater reduction of @entity308 at week 5. Response rates differed significantly between the two treatment conditions, favoring the group that received adjuvant interpersonal psychotherapy (70%) versus clinical management (51%). Remission rates also tended to be higher for @entity1 in the interpersonal psychotherapy group (49% versus 34%). @entity1 who initially responded to interpersonal psychotherapy exhibited greater treatment gains at the 3-month follow-up evaluation, since only 3% of these subjects relapsed, compared with 25% of the clinical management subjects. Nine months later, this difference lost statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: An inpatient treatment program with both brief and intensive psychotherapy plus pharmacotherapy is superior to standard treatment. The results, which add to a growing body of evidence, suggest that this combination treatment may offer an advantage over treatment with medication and clinical management for more severely @entity308 @entity1 .

title: An intensive treatment program of interpersonal psychotherapy plus pharmacotherapy for XXXX inpatients: acute and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'major depressive disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: Results relative to long term treatment with @entity10641 (a new resin sequestering @entity3645 ) in 23 subjects with @entity753 , 12 with Type II A, 8 with Type II B and 3 homozygotes are reported. The @entity1 had previously undergone treatment with clofibrate together with a hypocholesterolemic diet. After six weeks with placebo, the @entity1 were given 15 g/die active drug for a period of 12 months and a double dose (30 g/die) for a successive period of 4 months. During the experimental trial the same hypocholesterolemic, isocaloric diet which had been followed during the previous hypolipidemic treatment was maintained. In the entire group taken as a whole, the total mean decrease was --56,9 +/- 15 mg/dl (P less than 0,01) after 12 months of 15 g/die @entity10641 and --62,8 +/- 13 mg/dl (P less than 0,01) during the following 4 months with 30 g/die @entity10641 . The difference between the two periods of treatment (15 g and 30 g/die) is not statistically significant. During the active drug treatment a slight but not statistically significant @entity412 increase was observed. The increase was most marked in the Type II B @entity1 : the @entity412 variations in this group could be partly caused by slight variations in mean body weight. Starting from a mean basal value of 3,9 +/- 0,2 mg/dl, serum @entity414 showed a significant increase which was maintained throughout the entire period of treatment, reaching a peak of 5,6 +/- 0,3 mg/dl (P less than 0,001) at the twelfth month. During the experimental trial no significant modifications were observed in the hematological routine analysis and liver functional tests, no @entity8884 and no signs of @entity137 were seen. Most frequent side effects were @entity1142 , @entity390 , metheorism which, with the exception of four cases, which were withdrawn from the study, were reported as being transitory and mild. In conclusion, since @entity10641 treatment significantly lowers @entity165 levels in @entity1 with @entity753 and does not manifest any @entity137 or serious side effects, it can be used effectively in the long term treatment of this disease which is characterized by an elevated frequency of @entity65 .

title: [Long term treatment of XXXX with @entity10641 , a new anionic exchange resin (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10641 :: ('MESH:D003084', 'Chemical') :: ['Colestipol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There have been several series documenting the utility of single-site laparoscopic appendectomy. However, there are no data to support @entity1 selection based on their physical characteristics. We recently completed a large prospective, randomized trial comparing single-site laparoscopic appendectomy with standard three-port laparoscopic appendectomy for nonperforated @entity698 . This dataset was used to examine the relative impact of body habitus on operative approach. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We performed an analysis of the dataset collected in a prospective, randomized trial of 360 appendectomy @entity1 who presented with nonperforated @entity698 . Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and plotted on a growth chart to obtain BMI percentile according to gender and age. Standard definitions for overweight (BMI 85-95%) and @entity28 (BMI >95%) were used. RESULTS: In the single-site group there were 26 overweight and 19 @entity28 @entity1 . In the three-port group there were 25 overweight and 16 @entity28 @entity1 . There were no significant differences between overweight and normal with either approach. However, with the single-site approach there was longer mean operative time, more doses of postoperative narcotics given, longer length of stay, and greater hospital charges in @entity28 @entity1 . In the three-port group, there were no differences between normal and @entity28 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: When using the single-site approach for appendectomy, @entity28 in @entity1 creates longer operative times, more doses of postoperative analgesics, longer length of stay, and greater charges. However, @entity28 has no impact on three-port appendectomy.

title: Impact of body habitus on single-site laparoscopic appendectomy for nonperforated XXXX : subset analysis from a prospective, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Abnormal body composition such as severe skeletal muscle depletion or @entity6288 has emerged as an independent predictor of clinical outcomes in a variety of clinical conditions. This study is the first study to report the frequency and prognostic significance of @entity6288 as a marker of nutritional status in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: We analyzed 116 @entity1 with @entity157 who were consecutively evaluated for liver transplant. Skeletal muscle cross-sectional area was measured by CT. @entity6288 was defined using previously established cutpoints. RESULTS: Ninety-eight @entity1 were males (85%), and the mean age was 58  6 years. @entity6288 was present in 35 @entity1 (30%). By univariate Cox analysis, male sex (HR, 3.84; P=0.02), lumbar skeletal muscle index (HR, 0.97; P=0.04), INR (HR, 8.18; P<0.001), MELD score (HR, 1.19; P<0.001), @entity1 -Pugh (HR, 3.95; P<0.001), serum @entity1372 (HR, 0.84; P<0.001), @entity2802 stage (HR, 2.59; P<0.001), treatment type (HR, 0.53; P<0.001), and @entity6288 (HR, 2.27; P=0.004) were associated with increased risks of mortality. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, only MELD score (HR, 1.08; P=0.04), @entity1 -Pugh (HR, 2.14; P=0.005), @entity1372 (HR, 0.89; P=0.01), @entity2802 stage (HR, 1.92; P<0.001), and @entity6288 (HR, 2.04; P=0.02) were independently associated with mortality. Median survival for sarcopenic @entity1 was 16  6 versus 28  3 months in nonsarcopenic (P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6288 is present in almost one third of @entity1 with @entity157 , and constitutes a strong and independent risk factor for mortality. Our results highlight the importance of body composition assessment in clinical practice.

title: XXXX as a prognostic index of nutritional status in concurrent @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia', 'sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity6288 :: (MESH:D055948,Disease) :: ['Sarcopenia']


abstract: The records of 700 @entity1 with hand @entity281 were reviewed. Forty-six (6%) had @entity4034 of the metacarpals or phalangeal bones. The cause was post-traumatic in 57%, postoperative in 15%, hematogenous in 13%, spread from contiguous @entity281 in 9%, and unidentified in 6%. Twenty-two percent of the @entity1 had @entity5327 and/or were immunocompromised. History, physical exam, plain x-rays, and open biopsy and culture were most helpful in establishing the diagnosis. Laboratory studies and bone scans were less helpful. Cultures were positive in 74% of @entity1 , with a noteworthy number of @entity325 (35%) and gram-positive @entity281 (35%). Gram-negative @entity281 accounted for 15%, @entity364 for 12%, and @entity281 for 3%. Surgical management varied from simple curettage to more elaborate staged reconstructions and/or arthrodeses. Despite provision of aggressive surgical care and use of appropriate antibiotics, the overall amputation rate was 39% (18/46). A delay of more than 6 months from onset of symptoms to diagnosis and definitive treatment led to amputation in 6 of 7 @entity1 (86%), 2 of whom had @entity957 . Of the 12 @entity1 who underwent more than 3 surgical procedures, 8 ultimately underwent amputation and 2 had marked disability.

title: XXXX of the tubular bones of the hand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'mycobacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infections']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['vascular insufficiency']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['Osteomyelitis']


abstract: AIM: To establish the prevalence of @entity1645 and @entity1276 ( @entity1276 ) in adults with @entity3570 ( @entity3570 ). INTRODUCTION: Adults with @entity3570 have recently been shown to be at risk from significant deterioration arising from the C/ @entity1276 complex. Little is known about the prevalence of these @entity600 in adulthood, their natural history, risk factors for deterioration and optimum management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 are recruited from a clinic for adults with @entity3570 and @entity1276 , routinely questioned about recent changes in neurological symptoms and a full neurological examination performed. Functional assessments include: Barthel Index; Nottingham EADL; Nine Hole Peg Test; 10 metre timed walk test. Sagittal @entity8034 (turbo spin-echo) magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the cranio-cervical junction and spinal cord are obtained using a 1.0-T MRI system with a phased-array surface coil. Scans are reported blindly. RESULTS: 76 @entity1 have been assessed, 40 female, 36 male, mean age 27.5 years. Of these, 48 (63.2%) have symptoms +/- signs compatible with C/ @entity1276 , but only 18 (23.7%) have reported new, potentially relevant, neurological symptoms over the previous 12 months. Of 25 @entity1 undergoing MRI so far, 19 (76%) have had @entity1645 and 12 (48%) have had @entity1276 . None of those with a negative scan have had signs/symptoms suggestive of the C/ @entity1276 complex but a negative clinical evaluation has been unable to exclude such pathology. CONCLUSIONS: These early results suggest that the prevalence of the C/ @entity1276 complex is high in adults with @entity3570 and cannot be predicted by neurological examination alone. Given past experience, the need for continued neurological follow up in a large proportion of the @entity3570 population throughout adulthood is likely to be essential.

title: Prevalence of the Chiari/hydrosyringomyelia complex in adults with XXXX : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['SB', 'spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformations']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

answer: @entity3570 :: (MESH:D016135,Disease) :: ['spina bifida']


abstract: In the current study we examined the effects of early isolation rearing on cell proliferation, survival and differentiation in the dentate gyrus of the @entity840 . Animals were assigned to either a standard (control) or an isolated environment a few days after birth (P5-P6), taking advantage of the precocious independence from maternal care of the @entity840 . On P14-P17 animals received one daily @entity1603 injection, to label dividing cells, and were sacrificed either on P18, to evaluate cell proliferation or on P45, to evaluate cell survival and differentiation. In P18 isolated animals we found a reduced cell proliferation (-35%) compared to controls and a lower expression of @entity31593 ( @entity31593 ). Though in absolute terms P45 isolated animals had less surviving cells, they showed no differences in survival rate and phenotype percent distribution compared to controls. Looking at the location of the new neurons, we found that while in control animals 76% of them had migrated to the granule cell layer, in isolated animals only 55% of the new neurons had reached this layer. Examination of radial glia cells of P18 and P45 animals by vimentin immunohistochemistry showed that in isolated animals radial glia cells were reduced in density and had less and shorter processes. Granule cell count revealed that P45 isolated animals had less (-42%) granule cells than controls. Results show that isolation rearing reduces hippocampal cell proliferation, likely by reducing @entity31593 expression and hampers migration of the new neurons to the granule cell layer, likely by altering density/morphology of radial glia cells. The large reduction in granule cell number following isolation rearing emphasizes the role of environmental cues as relevant modulators of neurogenesis.

title: Neonatal isolation impairs neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity31593 :: ('100135487(Tax:10141)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Photodynamic therapy involves light-induced destruction of @entity5 containing a photosensitizer such as @entity3838 derivative. We conducted a collaborative study to evaluate the efficacy of this form of therapy in treating superficial transitional-cell @entity150 . Thirty-seven @entity1 were evaluated and 20 were selected for treatment. A total of 50 @entity5 and 3 areas of @entity2735 were treated. All except two @entity5 were smaller than 2.5 cm. Assessments for treatment response and @entity137 were carried out three months after treatment. The initial diagnosis of one @entity1 was revised after the biopsy material was reviewed, and this @entity1 was not included in the analysis. @entity5 was observed in 9 of 19 @entity1 (47 percent), including those with @entity2735 . In the remaining 10 of these 19 @entity1 , 13 @entity5 could not be eradicated (the overall eradication rate was 37 of 50 @entity5 [74 percent]), but 9 of the 10 @entity1 had a reduction in @entity5 size, number, or both of 50 percent or more. We conclude that photodynamic therapy is useful in the treatment of superficial transitional-cell @entity150 , but controlled trials will be required to define its place in the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Photodynamic therapy with XXXX derivative in the treatment of superficial transitional-cell @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'papillary tumors', 'cancer', 'Complete eradication of all tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3838 :: ('MESH:D006415', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity3838 :: (MESH:D006415,Chemical) :: ['hematoporphyrin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Saturated fats have adverse effects on health. To investigate which is more beneficial for energy replacement, we compare the effects of @entity5204 and @entity1735 intake on @entity28 and metabolic variables (fasting @entity1674 , HDL- @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 and 2 h @entity413 ). Further, because the optimum diet may differ according to @entity413 tolerance, we examine the same associations in @entity413 tolerant and intolerant groups. Finally, we test the effect of macronutrient intake on the presence or absence of the @entity209 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. SUBJECTS: A total of 4497 @entity1 and 1865 @entity1 aged 39--62 in the Whitehall II study. RESULTS: In @entity1 , higher intakes of both polyunsaturated fats and @entity3363 were linked to lower waist-hip ratio, @entity1674 and LDL- @entity165 . Higher @entity1735 intake alone was linked to decreased body mass index (for 10 g higher @entity1735 intake, -0.12 kg/m(2), P<0.0001) and lower HDL- @entity165 (-0.01 mmol/l, P<0.01). In normoglycaemic @entity1 , higher @entity1735 intakes were associated with higher 2 h insulin and @entity413 levels (0.25 pmol/l, P<0.05 and 0.01 mmol/l, P=0.001, respectively). Dietary effects among @entity1 were similar, the exception being a positive association of polyunsaturated fat intake with body mass index and waist--hip ratio (0.47 kg/m(2), P<0.05 and 0.006, P<0.05, respectively). Dietary components, with the exceptions of @entity165 and protein in @entity1 , were unrelated to prevalence of the @entity209 , and adjustment for differences in macronutrient intake did not account for the strong inverse association between socioeconomic position and the @entity209 . CONCLUSION: Our observational data provide evidence that both @entity1474 and @entity3363 offer small metabolic benefits with few adverse effects compared with saturated fats. International Journal of Obesity (2001) 25, 45-53

title: What is an optimal diet? Relationship of macronutrient intake to @entity28 , @entity413 tolerance, lipoprotein XXXX levels and the @entity209 in the Whitehall II study.

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Therapy for @entity1893 has progressed significantly over the last decades. However, the majority of @entity1 remain incurable, and novel therapies are needed. Because immunotherapy ideally offers target selectivity, an ever increasing number of immunotherapies, both passive and active, are undergoing development. The champion of passive immunotherapy to date is the anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody rituximab that revolutionized the standard of care for @entity706 . The great success of rituximab catalyzed the development of new passive immunotherapy strategies that are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. These include improvement of rituximab efficacy, newer generation anti- @entity2225 antibodies, drug-conjugated and radio labeled anti- @entity2225 antibodies, monoclonal antibodies targeting non- @entity2225 @entity706 antigens, and bispecific antibodies. Active immunotherapy aims at inducing long-lasting antitumor immunity, thereby limiting the likelihood of relapse. Current clinical studies of active immunotherapy for @entity706 consist largely of vaccination and immune checkpoint blockade. A variety of protein- and cell-based vaccines are being tested in ongoing clinical studies. Recently completed phase III clinical trials of an idiotype protein vaccine suggest that the vaccine may have clinical activity in a subset of @entity1 . Efforts to enhance the efficacy of active immunotherapy are ongoing with an emphasis on optimization of antigen delivery and presentation of vaccines and modulation of the immune system toward counteracting immunosuppression, using antibodies against immune regulatory checkpoints. This article discusses results of the various immunotherapy approaches applied to date for @entity1892 and the ongoing trials to improve their effect.

title: Immunotherapy for XXXX : current status and prospective advances.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study measures the degree to which parents of @entity1 , in the course of evaluation and treatment in a pediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ), could report what they were waiting for. METHODS: Brief in- @entity1 interviews were conducted with parents of nonemergency @entity1 during an @entity341 visit. After the @entity1 had been seen by a resident physician and evaluation and treatment were in progress, parents were asked to report what they were waiting for. The @entity1 's physician was also asked to report what the @entity1 was waiting for. These answers were compared and coded as complete agreement, partial agreement, or disagreement. Association between lack of agreement and @entity1 factors (age, sex), parent factors (sex, education, age), physician factors (sex, postgraduate year), and system factors (wait time, time of day, number of @entity1 in the department) was examined. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios. RESULTS: A total of 200 paired surveys were included in the data analysis. Two thirds of parental reports completely agreed with physician reports, 11.5% partially agreed, and 21.5% completely disagreed. Multivariate analysis revealed that disagreement between resident physician and parents was associated with parental educational level and physician training level. Parents with less than a high school education were more than 9 times more likely to disagree than those with at least some college education (odds ratio 9.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4 to 35.7). As the postgraduate level of the physician decreased, disagreement was more common; disagreement for @entity1 of postgraduate level 1 residents was 5 times more likely (95% CI 1.8 to 14.5) than that of postgraduate level 3 and higher residents. CONCLUSION: As measured by asking the question "what are you waiting for," significant communication gaps were identified between physicians and the parents of their @entity1 in this @entity341 . One in five parents could not report what they were waiting for. Factors such as lower parental education and less physician experience increase the risk of such a gap. Further work in defining the source of the ineffective communication and interventions to remediate the problem is needed.

title: What are you waiting for? A study of resident physician-parent communication in a pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: In adult @entity35 bearing unilateral @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) lesions of the ascending dopaminergic neurons, a single administration of a @entity935 (DA) receptor agonist results in strong sensitization ("priming") of contralateral turning in response to D2 and particularly D1 receptor agonists. In order to investigate the role of distinct environmental cues associated with the effect of the agonist during exposure to the primer, @entity35 bearing 15-day-old unilateral @entity2955 lesions were primed in their home cage with L-dopa or with saline. L-Dopa but not saline induced medium to low but steady contralateral turning. Three days later, challenge with the D1 agonist @entity2344 in the home cage also resulted in contralateral turning in the @entity35 previously primed with L-dopa, but not in those primed with saline. In a second experiment @entity35 lesioned with @entity2955 were primed in two different contexts (hemispheres versus cylinders) with a single administration of the D2/D3 agonist @entity11640 ( @entity3828 : 0.2mg/kg s.c.) or saline. Three days later the @entity35 were placed in hemispheres and tested for contraversive turning in response to saline or to @entity2344 . @entity2344 elicited high rate contraversive turning independently of the environment where priming with @entity11640 took place; on the other hand no conditioned contraversive turning was observed after saline. In a third experiment, the possibility of priming @entity2344 -induced turning by stimulation of nigral or striatal DA receptors was investigated. @entity35 lesioned unilaterally with @entity2955 were locally infused on the lesioned side in the substantia nigra with @entity2344 or in the striatum with @entity11640 . Both these treatments elicited contralateral turning, the intranigral injection of @entity2344 eliciting a stronger and longer lasting contraversive turning than intrastriatal @entity11640 . Challenge with @entity2344 (3mg/kg s.c.) 3 days later induced contralateral turning only in @entity35 previously primed with intrastriatal @entity11640 . The results of these studies are consistent with the idea that "priming" is an example of non-associative sensitization induced by stimulation of denervated striatal DA receptors and expressed as an increased efficiency of post-synaptic dopaminergic transduction in the striatum.

title: "Priming" to XXXX agonist-induced contralateral turning as a model of non-associative sensitization to the expression of the post-synaptic @entity935 message.

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the risk for recurrent @entity1469 after spontaneous normalization of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity3566 ) levels in @entity1 with hydatidiform mole and to determine the risk for @entity5 relapse after apparent remission following chemotherapy in @entity1 with low- and high-risk persistent @entity1469 . METHODS: From 1994 until 2004, 355 @entity1 with hydatidiform mole were registered at the Dutch Central Registry of Hydatidiform Mole and were monitored by sequential @entity3566 assays in serum at the department of Chemical Endocrinology of the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre. @entity3566 regression curves were analyzed together with clinical information collected from the Hydatidiform Mole Database. RESULTS: Among the 355 registered hydatidiform mole @entity1 , 265 @entity1 attained spontaneous normalization following evacuation. Of the 265 @entity1 , one @entity1 (0.38%) subsequently required chemotherapeutic treatment for recurrent @entity1469 (95% confidence interval 0.0% to 2.1%). @entity3566 levels did not decline to normal (<2.0 ng/ml) spontaneously in 90 @entity1 ; those @entity1 were subsequently treated. Relapse rates were 8.1% (6/74) and 6.3% (1/16) for the low- and high-risk category respectively. CONCLUSION: Our analysis indicates that relapse risk in hydatidiform mole @entity1 with spontaneous normalization is extremely low (one in 265 @entity1 ) after two normal @entity3566 levels (<2.0 ng/ml) are achieved. Our results support the suggestion that two subsequent normal @entity3566 levels may be sufficient to ensure sustained remission after hydatidiform mole evacuation. In contrary, in order to assure sustained remission, the relapse rates after chemotherapy in the current study emphasize the need for surveillance of @entity3567 @entity1 even after complete remission has apparently been achieved.

title: Recurrent @entity1469 after XXXX normalization following hydatidiform mole in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['trophoblastic tumor']

answer: @entity3566 :: (3342,Gene) :: ['hCG']


abstract: We studied some of the morphological and immunohistochemical parameters of @entity189 of the vulva in order to verify some characteristics in @entity3854 related to @entity5 transformation. Parameters such as proliferating index, rate of proliferation of lymphoid elements into a @entity5 and types of such elements were studied. In parallel, the number of cells positive to apoptosis-related proteins such as Fas, @entity12 , @entity876 and @entity588 were evaluated. Biopsy material from @entity1 with different @entity6068 --22 samples with @entity3854 and 23 samples with @entity957 ( @entity957 )--was studied by the methods of morphometry and immunohistochemistry. In @entity3854 , the number of T cells is a few times higher than those of B cells. Among the T cells, the number of killers is significantly higher than the number of helpers. @entity189 , especially those with @entity706 , are characterized by a further significant increase in some parameters such as the rate of lymphoid proliferation and the number of T helpers and killers. The progression in to tumorigenesis was accompanied with a significant increase in the number of Fas+ and @entity12 + lymphocytes. In @entity5 epithelial cells the proliferative index increased in @entity189 with @entity706 . The number of @entity876 + epithelial cells increased whereas the number of @entity588 + cells showed a distinct tendency to decrease with progression in to tumorigenesis. Development of a @entity5 is manifested in deep changes in relationships between different lymphoid components. Only two lymphoid markers are significantly different in @entity957 compared to @entity3854 : the number of T killers and macrophages. The other parameters studied (rate of proliferative activity, the total number of T cells and T helpers, B cells, @entity1199 -connective cells) already showed high expression in @entity3854 as the first signs of transformation of this @entity32 into @entity5 .

title: Lymphoid elements and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, @entity12 , @entity876 and @entity588 ) in @entity3854 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid depletion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['VSCC', 'vulvar squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'Carcinomas', 'lichen sclerosus (LS) and carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6068 :: ('MESH:D014845', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar disorders']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the vulva']


abstract: The authors report two cases of @entity2792 associated with @entity4786 . A 19-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of @entity490 and blood pressure of 180/120 mmHg. Examination revealed caf  -au-lait spots over her chest and extremities. Peripheral plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) under basal conditions was 2.8 ng/ml/h and increased to 12.6 ng/ml/h after administration of 50 mg @entity3371 . Plasma and urinary @entity2661 were normal. Selective renal angiography showed left @entity384 of the segmentary branch and @entity2791 with multiple aneurysmal affecting different branches. Blood pressure was controlled by multiple drugs, including beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Another @entity1 , a 20-year-old @entity1 , was admitted because of severe arterial @entity101 , numerous caf  -au-lait spots, @entity1635 , and mass over the right arm. PRA from the right renal vein was extremely elevated, and selective angiography demonstrated @entity2791 . Aortorenal bypass was performed successfully.

title: @entity2792 associated with XXXX : two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['right renal artery stenosis', 'bilateral renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity4786 :: (MESH:D017253,Disease) :: ['neurofibromatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In these last years, the increase in organ donations is mostly due to old @entity1 died of primary @entity455 . In this kind of @entity1 some undiagnosed @entity5 can be present and can be transmitted to the receiver. Aim of this study is to carry out a research in order to identify any undiagnosed @entity5 which can be present during the period of encephalic death. METHODS: Perspective study: hospitals type II and type III. Polyvalent intensive care. From January 1999 to July 2000 encephalic death has been ascertained in 16 @entity1 . The research of @entity5 markers has been carried out on these @entity1 . Further diagnostic researches have been carried out on @entity1 who had anomalous values. RESULTS: The organ donations have not been made by eight @entity1 : five for family refusal, one for medical contraindications, two for the presence of undiagnosed @entity5 (PSA 1100 ng/ml and @entity787 129.5 ng/ml) confirmed by prostatic and abdominal US imaging. A @entity1 with CA 19-9 89.5 ng/ml has not been examined, because of the family refusal to donation. A @entity1 with PSA of 135 ng/ml had a negative response from the anal scanner, and so the prosecution of the donation has not been interrupted. A blood sample has been taken and a biopsy of the prostate has been made to confirm the absence of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to make a careful examination of the organ donor to check if some @entity5 are present. Tumor markers cannot be used to make a diagnosis of a @entity5 , but they can be used as guide for further researches. In spite of all the diagnostic efforts, the objective evaluation of the surgeon is still the most important factor like the biopsy of all the suspected lesions during an operation and the autopsy.

title: Older adult multiorgan donors and misdiagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular cerebral diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Immunization with @entity1457 proteins has protective effects in models of induced @entity625 . Analysis has shown a reduced @entity32 in such protected animals. Adoptive transfer and immunization with selected T cell epitopes (synthetic peptides) have indicated the protection to be mediated by T cells directed to conserved @entity1879 epitopes. This was shown first for mycobacterial @entity11217 and later for mycobacterial @entity2285 . Fine specificity analysis showed that such T cells were cross-reactive with the homologous self @entity1879 . Therefore protection by microbial @entity1879 reactive T cells can be by cross-recognition of self @entity1879 overexpressed in the inflamed tissue. Preimmunization with @entity1879 leads to a relative expansion of such self @entity1879 cross-responsive T cells. The regulatory nature of such T cells may originate from mucosal tolerance maintained by commensal flora derived @entity1879 or from partial activation through recognition of self @entity1879 as a partial agonist (Altered Peptide Ligand) or in the absence of proper costimulation. Recently, we reported the selective upregulation of B7.2 on microbial hsp600 specific T cells in response to self @entity11217 . Through a preferred interaction with @entity4386 on proinflammatory T cells this may constitute an effector mechanism of regulation. Also, regulatory T cells produced @entity688 .

title: @entity625 protective regulatory potential of self- XXXX protein cross-reactive T cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['synovial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of combining trastuzumab/ @entity1206 with bevacizumab in @entity1 with first-or second-line @entity1722 -positive, @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Eligible @entity1 had @entity1722 -positive measureable @entity0 , with no more than one prior line of chemotherapy, and were treated with trastuzumab (4 mg/kg * 2 mg/kg weekly thereafter), @entity1206 (25 mg/m(2) weekly), and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks). Co-primary endpoints were (a) the proportion of @entity1 alive and progression-free at 1 year and (b) safety profile/feasibility. Feasibility was defined as a rate of grade 3/4 non-hematologic @entity137 attributable to protocol-based therapy <20 %. Twenty-nine @entity1 were enrolled (n = 22 first-line, n = 7 second-line). Median age was 48 years (range 37-68). The median number of cycles received was 8 (1-23) and median duration on treatment was 7.4 months (range 1-22). The study was closed early due to higher-than-expected rates of grade 3/4 non-hematologic @entity137 , with 50 events in 20 @entity1 . A total of six @entity1 (21 %) were taken off study for treatment-related @entity137 . Most common treatment-related @entity137 included @entity1295 (n = 7), @entity1398 (n = 4), and @entity10 (n = 3). At 1 year, 8/22 first-line (36 %) and 2/7 second-line (29 %) @entity1 were alive and progression-free. Median PFS was 9.9 months and 7.8 months in the first- and second-line cohorts, respectively. Objective responses were observed in 16/22 (73 %) and 5/7 (71 %) @entity1 in the first- and second-line settings. Although the combination of @entity1206 , trastuzumab, and bevacizumab showed notable activity in @entity1722 -positive @entity0 , the proportion of first-line @entity1 alive and progression-free at 1 year was deemed unlikely to reach the pre-defined threshold for declaring success. Additionally, unacceptable @entity137 was observed, at rates greater than previously reported with @entity1206 /trastuzumab or @entity1206 /bevacizumab doublet combinations.

title: A phase II study of bevacizumab in combination with @entity1206 and trastuzumab in XXXX -positive @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The role of light and feeding cycles in synchronizing self-feeding and locomotor activity rhythms was studied in @entity11320 using a new self-feeding system activated by photocell trigger. In experiment 1, shrimps maintained under a 12:12h light/dark (LD) photoperiod were allowed to self-feed using feeders connected to a photoelectric cell, while locomotor activity was recorded with a second photocell. On day 30, animals were subjected to constant darkness ( @entity336 ) for 12days to check the existence of endogenous circadian rhythms. In the experiment 2, shrimps were exposed to both a 12:12h LD photoperiod and a fixed meal schedule in the middle of the dark period ( @entity601 , 01:00h). On day 20, shrimps were exposed to @entity336 conditions and the same fixed feeding. On day 30, they were maintained under @entity336 and fasted for 7days. The results revealed that under LD, shrimps showed a clear nocturnal feeding pattern and locomotor activity (81.9% and 67.7% of total daily food-demands and locomotor activity, respectively, at nighttime). Both feeding and locomotor rhythms were endogenously driven and persisted under @entity336 with an average period length (  ) close to 24h (circadian) (  =24.18  0.13 and 23.87  0.14h for locomotor and feeding, respectively). Moreover, Shrimp showed a daily food intake under LD condition (1.1  0.2gday(-1) in the night phase vs. 0.2  0.1gday(-1) in the light phase). Our findings might be relevant for some important shrimp aquaculture aspects, such as developing suitable feeding management on shrimp farms.

title: Synchronization to light and mealtime of the circadian rhythms of self-feeding behavior and locomotor activity of XXXX ( @entity11320 ).

entities_list: @entity11320 :: ('6689', 'Species') :: ['white shrimps']

answer: @entity11320 :: (6689,Species) :: ['white shrimps']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The clinical characteristics of @entity16 have not been systematically analyzed. METHODS: We documented subjective abnormalities of speech and swallowing, and photographed 9 specific tongue movements and positions. Objective deficits were scored independently by 2 examiners. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 were analyzed. Some degree of @entity4653 and @entity1282 was noticed by 7 and 8 @entity1 , respectively, mostly resolving within a few months. In all subjects, there was contralateral deviation of the tongue at rest and ipsilateral deviation upon forward protrusion. Furthermore, 7 of 8 @entity1 had deficits in using the tongue to indent the ipsilateral cheek and cover the upper lip. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral @entity6256 produces mostly subtle and transient @entity1 symptoms, even when complete. Beyond the classic sign of ipsilateral deviation on protrusion, reliable signs are contralateral deviation at rest, paresis of @entity910 , and paresis of elevation of the tongue tip. Muscle Nerve 54: 1055-1058, 2016.

title: Systematic analysis of clinical deficits in unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglossal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral hypoglossal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral movement inside the mouth']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity6256 :: (MESH:D020437,Disease) :: ['hypoglossal nerve palsy']


abstract: Parotid @entity292 represents an uncommon complication in parotid surgery. Its early recognition contributes to successful management. The condition is distressing for both the @entity1 and the surgeon, since conservative and operative treatment frequently fail. There is no consensus on the optimal management of parotid gland @entity292 . The aim of this study is to describe a new, simple procedure in the treatment of this condition using transdermal @entity5591 . We report 3 cases of salivary fistulae occurring after parotidectomy. The @entity1 were admitted to our department with swelling in the parotid region and an output of clear drainage from the drain site during oral intake. The @entity1 were treated with a @entity5591 transdermal release system applied to hairless skin overlying the parotid region. A prompt and remarkable decrease in daily salivary output was observed. Fistulae healed completely within 3 days. No collateral effects were observed. Parotid fistulae do not generally occur as a complication of parotidectomies. Their management can be difficult, and several methods of treatment have been attempted. We believe that the use of transdermal @entity5591 is a valid option in the treatment of parotid fistulae without causing collateral effects.

title: Transdermal XXXX in the management of postparotidectomy salivary @entity292 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

answer: @entity5591 :: (MESH:D012601,Chemical) :: ['scopolamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The pathological characteristics of stage T1c @entity5 in the era of widespread @entity1486 (PSA) testing were determined, and the ability of pretreatment parameters to predict @entity5 significance in @entity1 with stage T1c disease was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 336 @entity1 with stage T1c @entity263 seen between 1994 and 1996, 240 (71.4%) were treated with radical prostatectomy, 20 (6%) with radiation therapy and 76 (22.6%) expectantly. Recommendations for treatment were based on previously determined criteria predictive of a significant stage T1c @entity5 (more than 0.2 cm.3): 1) PSA density 0.15 ng./ml./gm. or more, 2) Gleason score 7 or greater, 3) 3 or more cores involved with @entity5 , or 4) 50% or more involvement of any core with @entity5 . Pathological evaluation of prostatectomy specimens allowed classification of @entity5 as insignificant (confined @entity5 smaller than 0.2 cm.3 with a Gleason score of less than 7), minimal (confined @entity5 0.2 to less than 0.5 cm.3 with a Gleason score of less than 7), moderate (0.5 cm.3 or larger disease, or capsular penetration with a Gleason score of less than 7) and advanced (capsular penetration with a Gleason score of 7 or more, or positive margins, seminal vesicles or lymph nodes). Pathological characteristics of @entity5 in this series were compared to a previous series of 157 @entity1 with stage T1c @entity5 who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 1992. RESULTS: Of 240 @entity1 who underwent @entity5 were insignificant in 40 (17%), minimal in 29 (12%), moderate in 124 (52%) and advanced in 47 (19%). An increase in organ confined @entity5 (51 to 72%) and a decrease in positive margins (17 to 8%) were noted when comparing stage T1c series (1988 to 1992 versus 1994 to 1996) but the percentage of insignificant @entity5 remained stable (16 versus 17%) between series. Ultrasound and sextant biopsies were available for review in 72 cases (current series). If the pretreatment criteria used to recommend therapy suggested significant @entity5 (64 cases) then insignificant @entity5 was present in only 10 (16%). If pretreatment criteria suggested insignificant @entity5 (8 cases), insignificant or minimal @entity5 was present in 6 (75%) and moderate organ confined disease was present in 2 (25%). The absence of a lesion on ultrasound and measurement of total length of @entity5 within the biopsy specimen were not predictive of an insignificant @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In a nonscreened population stage T1c @entity5 are being discovered earlier with widespread PSA testing. Even with the detection of earlier @entity5 we demonstrated that it is possible to minimize the number of @entity1 with small @entity5 who will undergo radical prostatectomy using pretreatment criteria to counsel @entity1 regarding appropriate management options.

title: Prospective evaluation of @entity1 with stage T1C XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'radical prostatectomy tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: From @entity468 prepared for chronic pollygraphic recording of sleep patterns, records were obtained for 8 hr, after (1) intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), day 1; (2) i.c.v. injection of @entity1192 ( @entity38616 ), day 2; and (3) injection of aCSF, day 3. Three doses of @entity38616 were tested. The dose of 40 nmol totally inhibited sleep, whereas the dose of 10 nmol slightly prolonged sleep. The dose of 20 nmol of @entity38616 elicited sleep and a body temperature increase. @entity25 ( @entity25 ) time was significantly increased, due mainly to the significant increase in non-REM (NREM) sleep as compared to control day 1. REM sleep was also increased, but this increase did not reach statistical significance. Wakefulness (W) was significantly reduced. At this time @entity468 were febrile. On day 3, a further significant increase in @entity25 occurred. NREM was significantly increased compared with day 1, whereas the increase in REM sleep was significant compared to both day 1 and day 2. At this time body temperature was normal. The increase in REM sleep on days 2 and 3 resulted entirely from the significant increase in the number of REM periods. The results show that @entity38616 at a dose of 20 nmol has sleep-promoting effects on NREM and REM sleep concomitant with pyrogenic effects. These two responses differed in their time courses and were not correlated (correlation coefficients were all nonsignificant).

title: "Recovery" function of sleep: effects of purified human XXXX on the sleep and febrile response of @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Total sleep', 'TS']

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity814 ( @entity814 ) is a @entity209 leading to high concentrations of @entity815 ( @entity815 ) and low concentrations of @entity4149 ( @entity36781 ) in blood and brain that may be @entity2359 . This disease requires a regular monitoring of plasma @entity815 and @entity36781 as well as branched-chain @entity3534 concentrations to adapt the @entity815 -restricted diet and other therapy that may be prescribed in @entity814 . We validated a Flow Injection Analysis tandem Mass Spectrometry (FIA- @entity15 / @entity15 ) to replace the enzymatic method routinely used for neonatal screening in order to monitor in parallel to @entity815 , @entity36781 and branched-chain @entity3534 not detected by the enzymatic method. DESIGN AND METHODS: We ascertained the performances of the method: linearity, detection and quantification limits, contamination index, accuracy. We cross validated the FIA- @entity15 / @entity15 and enzymatic methods and we evaluated our own reference ranges to monitor @entity815 , @entity36781 , Leu, @entity2596 on 59 dried blood spots of normal controls. We also evaluated @entity36781 , Leu and @entity2596 concentrations in @entity814 @entity1 to detect some potential abnormalities, not evaluated by the enzymatic method. RESULTS: We developed a rapid method with excellent performances including precision and accuracy <15%. We noted an excellent correlation of @entity815 concentrations between FIA- @entity15 / @entity15 and enzymatic methods (p<0.0001) based on our database which are similar to references ranges published. We observed that 50% of @entity814 @entity1 had lower concentrations of @entity36781 , Leu and/or @entity2596 that could not be detected by the enzymatic method. CONCLUSION: Based on laboratory accreditation recommendations, we validated a robust, rapid and reliable FIA- @entity15 / @entity15 method to monitor plasma @entity815 concentrations but also @entity36781 , Leu and @entity2596 concentrations, suitable for @entity814 management. We evaluated our own reference ranges of concentration for a routine application of this method.

title: Validation of @entity3534 measurement in dried blood spot by FIA- @entity15 / XXXX for @entity814 management.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acids']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['Phenylketonuria', 'PKU']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe', 'phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: A series of forty @entity1 of @entity2175 onset @entity6 was selected. Their body constitution was decided as Vataja (V), Pittaja (P) and Kaphaja (K) on the basis of physical, Psychic and socio-economic features as described in Ayurvedic classics. These groups were also supported by objective findings i.e., Aathropometric and Biochemical. In V ponderal index was found to be maximum (45.13    3.28) with minimum body surface area (1.46    0.15 sq. metre) along with @entity934 level (1.1    0.54  g/ml) in blood. On contrary in K body surface are was maximum (1.625    0.119 sq. metre) with minimum ponderal index (41.64    5.43). @entity934 was lower (0.94    0.38  g/ml) and blood @entity112 was highest (0.160    0.041  g/ml) in this group. In P plasma @entity2661 were observed to be highest (16.39    8.55  g/ml) and the physical findings were medium. Respectively in @entity6 of V,P,K constitution the @entity4854 was observed to be sever (256    126.99 mg%) moderate (189.09    94.49 mg%) and mild (173.77    68.43 mg%). Correspondingly, plasma @entity2690 was found to be lowest in P (9.15    5.22  u/ml) but was highest in K (18.44    10.70  u/ml).When these @entity1 were further divided into two groups on the basis of duration of illness i.e <5 years and >5years. It was observed that deterioration in @entity413 tolerance and fall in plasma @entity2690 level was maximum in the @entity1 of V constitution, minimum in K and medium in P. Thus the role of the body constitution, in the progression of @entity6 assumes vital importance.

title: Variations in the progenesis of XXXX onset @entity6 according to body constitution.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['maturity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The jaw can be affected by several lesions that manifest in the oral cavity, but little is known about their distribution patterns in various populations. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study presents the frequency and distribution of biopsied @entity89 recorded in Faculty of Dentistry and gathers the information including provisional and final diagnosis of the lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Biopsy of 1938 lesions (2008-2013) was reviewed and 1473 lesions were included in this study. The provisional diagnosis and histopathological validations of lesions were compared. Data on the location of the lesion, as well as @entity1 demographics, were also evaluated. The lesions were divided into three major groups as 1 - developmental/reactive and inflammatory lesions of the jaw, 2 - cystic lesion and 3 - @entity5 and @entity5 -like lesions. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The variables were recorded and analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS: Three hundred and ninety-six lesions were in Group 1 and periapical @entity738 was the most frequent diagnosis. Seven hundred and eighty-nine lesions were in Group 2 and the @entity9530 was the most frequent diagnosis. Two hundred and eighty-eight lesions were in Group 3 and the @entity5 was the most frequent. Two hundred and ninety-one biopsied lesions were in disagreement with respect to the diagnoses on clinical and histopathological examination. CONCLUSION: Consequently, a provisional diagnosis of some of the malignant lesions was reactive, inflammatory, cystic or benign lesions, therefore the importance of evaluation of the specimen is emphasized.

title: A 5 year retrospective study of biopsied XXXX with the assessment of concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'keratocystic odontogenic tumor']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw lesions']

entities_list: @entity9530 :: ('MESH:D011842', 'Disease') :: ['radicular cyst']

answer: @entity89 :: (MESH:D007571,Disease) :: ['jaw lesions']


abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the rationale of a @entity519 abdominal perfusion (HAP) technique for the perfusion of @entity1487 , @entity1138 and @entity900 in @entity1 with inoperable, recurrent @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a phase II study, 59 @entity1 with various non-resectable @entity5 were treated with 102 perfusions by the HAP-technique. The HAP-technique was performed by using double-balloon arterial-venous catheters that selectively isolated the abdominal vascular section and perfusion was provided by an extracorporal pump for 20 min. Thirty-four @entity1 with unresectable @entity14 , 11 with unresectable @entity356 , eight with unresectable @entity788 and six with @entity1086 were included. They were treated with a combination of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 1 g/m(2)), @entity1138 ( @entity1139 , 10 mg/m(2)) plus @entity900 (50 mg/m(2)) infused into the isolated abdominal compartment. The cytostatic concentration of @entity1487 was determined intrainterventionally within the systemic and regional compartment. @entity137 - and procedure-related complications were documented. @entity5 responses were assessed by computer tomography. RESULTS: @entity1487 concentration was 16.3-fold higher within the regional compared to the systemic compartment at its maximum, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 7.9 times larger. During the procedure two major complications were experienced (1x perforation of the A. iliaca, lx @entity1150 ), no @entity204 occurred during surgery or in the postoperative period. Minimal @entity137 were observed (WHO grade III-IV 1%, grade I-II 33%). No complete response but 22 partial responses were observed. Median survival was 15.5 months for @entity14 , 12. 5 months for @entity356 , 12.7 months for @entity788 and 7.8 months for @entity1086 . CONCLUSION: The @entity519 abdominal perfusion is a safe and effective palliative treatment for @entity1 with unresectable advanced @entity14 . The HAP has not shown promising results for advanced @entity1086 . These encouraging clinical results require further evaluation.

title: Phase II study of regional chemotherapy using the @entity519 abdominal perfusion technique in advanced abdominal carcinoma. XXXX pharmacokinetics, complications and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'systemic and local toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal tumours', 'abdominal cancer', 'Tumour']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal, gastric and pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the gall bladder', 'gall bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-FU']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity900 -based combination chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity43 . DESIGN: Nonrandom prospective trial with endpoints of @entity5 response, results of repeat surgical exploration, progression-free interval, and survival. SETTING: Cooperative university-based @entity5 study comprising 27 participating institutions. @entity1 : Ninety-seven @entity1 were treated and all were evaluable. Of these, 8 had @entity5000 and 89 had other cell types. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received 3 to 4 courses of @entity900 . @entity5713 , and @entity1732 ( @entity7297 ). After chemotherapy, suitable @entity1 had re-staging laparotomy. Maintenance @entity5713 therapy was originally given but was discontinued for all @entity1 in 1981. @entity1 with persistent or recurrent disease were treated with @entity1891 , @entity4316 , and @entity786 (VAC) or @entity2879 plus @entity900 (EP). RESULTS: Of 35 @entity1 with @entity5 other than @entity5000 who had clinically measurable disease, 15 (43%; CI, 26% to 61%) had complete responses. Forty of fifty-six second-look laparotomies (71%; CI, 58% to 83%) revealed no @entity5 or mature @entity44 . Forty-seven @entity1 are still disease-free and 59 are alive. The survival rate is 71% (CI, 62% to 89%) and the disease-free rate is 51% (CI, 41% to 62%) at 2 years. Eight @entity1 had durable remissions with second- or third-line therapy. Seven of eight @entity1 with @entity5000 are also disease-free. CONCLUSIONS: @entity900 -based chemotherapy is effective for @entity1 with @entity43 , is superior to previous regimens, and will cure a substantial number of @entity1 .

title: @entity900 , XXXX , and @entity1732 in advanced and recurrent @entity43 . A trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian germ-cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma']

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['vinblastine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the serum antim  llerian hormone ( @entity248 ) levels recover within 1 year after cystectomy for @entity46 , and to analyze the pattern of sequential changes in the serum @entity248 levels. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): Thirty-nine @entity1 undergoing cystectomy for unilateral @entity46 (n = 22) and bilateral @entity46 (n = 17). INTERVENTION(S): Serum samples collected 2 weeks before, and 1 month and 1 year after surgery were assayed for @entity248 levels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Assessment of the @entity2670 based on alterations in the serum @entity248 levels and the association with parameters of @entity46 . RESULT(S): The median @entity248 levels were 3.56, 1.90, and 2.10 ng/mL before, 1 month after, and 1 year after surgery, respectively. Twenty @entity1 showed higher @entity248 levels 1 year after surgery than 1 month after surgery (increase group); 19 @entity1 showed lower @entity248 levels (decrease group). We found a statistically significant difference in the number of follicles removed by surgery between the two groups. CONCLUSION(S): The decrease in the serum @entity248 levels caused by cystectomy can recover. Our results suggest that @entity2670 might be involved in the decrease of the ovarian reserve just after surgery, and that a continuous decrease of the ovarian reserve after cystectomy might be attributed to other mechanisms.

title: One-year follow-up of serum antim  llerian hormone levels in @entity1 with cystectomy: are different sequential changes due to different mechanisms causing XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriomas', 'endometrioma', 'endometriosis and surgery for endometriomas']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian reserve damage', 'removal of ovarian cortex']

answer: @entity2670 :: (MESH:D010049,Disease) :: ['damage to the ovarian reserve']