abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although the serum @entity2841 autoantibody (GMAb) levels have been recognised as a diagnostic marker in primary @entity5970 ( @entity5970 ), their role in @entity5970 with occupational inhalational exposure (PAPo) remains unclear. METHODS: Forty-five consecutive @entity1 with @entity5970 were enrolled. Each @entity1 with @entity5970 was assessed for baseline clinical characteristics, chest high-resolution CT (HRCT), serum GMAb and occupational exposure. Fifty healthy controls were included to define normal ranges for GMAb levels. Ninety-seven hospital controls with other @entity1576 were included to establish prevalence of a history of occupational inhalation exposure. RESULTS: According to the serum GMAb cut-off value of 2.39    g/mL, 84.4% of the recruited @entity1 with @entity5970 had positive serum GMAb with a median level of 28.7    g/mL, defined as @entity25437 , and the remaining 15.6% had negative serum GMAb with a median level of 0.16    g/mL, defined as non- @entity25437 . Also, 34.2% of @entity1 with @entity25437 had a history of occupational inhalational exposure, which was not significantly higher than that of hospital controls (34.2% vs 19.6%, p=0.072). Four @entity1 with PAPo showed negative GMAb. Their arterial oxygen tension, pulmonary function parameters and chest HRCT features were significantly different when compared with @entity1 with @entity25437 (p<0.05). These four non- @entity792 cases culminated in 3 deaths and a lung transplant. CONCLUSIONS: A number of @entity1 with @entity5970 who may have occupational inhalational exposure and negative serum GMAb represent a high possibility of silicoproteinosis and very poor survival.

title: Occupational inhalational exposure and serum @entity2841 autoantibody in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity25437 :: ('MESH:C567049', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune PAP']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune occupational lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity5970 :: ('MESH:D011649', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alveolar proteinosis', 'PAP']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor']

answer: @entity5970 :: (MESH:D011649,Disease) :: ['pulmonary alveolar proteinosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity355 ( @entity355 ), particularly @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), is an area of much debate and controversy. Surgical esophagectomy, intensive endoscopic surveillance and mucosal ablative techniques, especially photodynamic therapy (PDT), have been proposed as possible management strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine the health related quality of life associated with @entity355 and many of the pivotal health states associated with Barrett's @entity1893 management. METHODS: 20 @entity1 with @entity355 were enrolled in a pilot survey study at a large urban hospital. The utility of @entity355 without @entity1141 (current health state) as well as various health states associated with @entity1893 management (hypothetical states as the subject did not have @entity1893 ) were measured using a validated health utility instrument (Paper Standard Gamble). These specific health states were chosen for the study because they are considered pivotal in Barrett's @entity1893 decision making. Information regarding Barrett's @entity1893 was presented to the subject in a standardized format that was designed to be easily comprehendible. RESULTS: The average utility scores (0-1 with 0 = death and 1 = perfect health) for the various @entity355 associated states were: @entity355 without @entity1141 -0.95; Post-esophagectomy for @entity1893 with @entity1282 -0.92; Post-PDT for @entity1893 with recurrence uncertainty-0.93; Post-PDT for @entity1893 with recurrence uncertainty and @entity1282 -0.91; Intensive endoscopic surveillance for @entity1893 -0.90. CONCLUSION: We present the scores for utilities associated with @entity355 as well as various states associated with the management of @entity1893 . The results of our study may be useful in advising @entity1 and providers regarding expected outcomes of the various @entity1893 management strategies as well as providing utility scores for future cost-effectiveness analyses.

title: Quality of life in XXXX with various @entity355 associated health states.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective-To compare bony changes in the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) of racehorses with (cases) and without (controls) biaxial proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) @entity174 as determined by 2 grading scales applied to images of cadaveric forelimbs obtained by means of standing MRI (sMRI). Design-Case-control study. Sample-Forelimbs from 74 Thoroughbred racehorses (21 cases and 53 controls) that were euthanized at a Florida racetrack. Procedures-Both forelimbs were harvested from cases and controls. Each forelimb underwent sMRI to obtain images of the MCPJ. Two grading scales were described and used for image evaluation; one assessed the density of the PSBs, and the other assessed the integrity of the subchondral bone (SCB) plate at the distopalmar aspect of the third metacarpal bone ( @entity13684 ). Logistic regression was used to compare the grades between case and control limbs. Results-Biaxial PSB @entity174 was associated with a total PSB grade (sum of lateral and medial PSB grades) >=  5 for the fractured limb, total @entity13684 SCB grade (sum of lateral and medial @entity13684 SCB grades) >=  5 for the contralateral limb, and the presence of orthopedic disease in the contralateral @entity13684 . Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-For cases with @entity174 , the density of the PSBs in the affected limb was greater and the @entity13684 of the contralateral limb was more likely to have orthopedic disease, compared with those for controls. Further evaluation of sMRI as a screening tool for identification of racehorses at risk of @entity174 is warranted. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;246:661-673).

title: Association of XXXX of the proximal sesamoid bones with bony changes of the metacarpophalangeal joint identified by standing magnetic resonance imaging in cadaveric forelimbs of Thoroughbred racehorses.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'biaxial PSB fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['catastrophic biaxial fracture']


abstract: In November 1987, the French group GOELAM initiated a randomized study comparing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) and @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ). The induction treatment was randomized between @entity8779 plus @entity2592 and @entity29474 plus @entity2592 : 223 @entity1 with de novo @entity3052 and aged 15-50 years are currently evaluable and 178 of them (80%) have achieved complete remission (CR) with no significant difference between both arms. Forty four @entity1 under 40 years of age and having a HLA identical sibling were assigned to BMT and 38 were actually transplanted. Thirty of the 134 other @entity1 did not receive the planned first course of @entity7730 , 4 @entity1 died during this course, and 21 were excluded before randomisation. Thus, only 64 @entity1 have currently been randomized between the 2nd course of @entity7730 (34 @entity1 ) and ABMT (30 @entity1 ). ABMT was prepared by the Baltimore regimen and the marrow was unpurged. With a median follow-up time of 29 months, the actuarial risk of relapse at 3 years is 29% for BMT, 38% for ABMT and 53% for @entity7730 . The 3 year disease free survival (DFS) is 51% for BMT, 62% for ABMT and 47% for @entity7730 . These differences are not statistically significant. When intention to treat is considered, there is no difference in the actuarial DFS between the BMT and the non BMT groups. Longer follow-up time and larger number of @entity1 are warranted to demonstrate any significant advantage of one of these approaches.

title: Autologous bone marrow transplantation vs intensive chemotherapy in first complete remission: interim results of GOELAM study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29474 :: ('MESH:C002205', 'Chemical') :: ['Zorubicine']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['Idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['intensive consolidation chemotherapy', 'ICC']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: We describe 46 adults with idiopathic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The mean age was 36.9 years (range, 15 to 80 years). Males represented 61%, and 65.2% were white. @entity101 was a presenting feature in 63% and 32.6% had microscopic @entity811 . Twenty-nine @entity1 had @entity1985 (greater than or equal to 3.0 g/24 h) at presentation, and 13 had @entity177 (serum @entity1011 concentration greater than 1.5 mg/dl). A mean follow-up of 59.8 months (range, 3 to 255 months) was obtained. In addition to segmental @entity1463 , @entity8 was observed in 65.3% of biopsies, and this was similar irrespective of the severity of @entity644 . Sixteen of the 29 @entity1 with @entity1985 received @entity229 therapy (60 mg/day) for at least 1 month. Three received cytotoxic agents in addition. A response to therapy was observed in 50%, 5 achieving a complete remission and 3 a partial remission. No @entity1 with non- @entity1985 received prednisone therapy. The clinical course of each @entity1 was evaluated based on the slope calculated by the linear regression method using the inverse of serum @entity1011 from the time of presentation to follow-up. @entity1 with non- @entity1985 had a better prognosis than @entity1985 (P less than .05). @entity1985 @entity1 responding to therapy had a better course than non-responders or @entity1 not treated (P less than 0.01). At the time of last follow-up, 8 @entity1 had progressed to @entity454 , 6 of whom had presented with @entity1985 . No @entity1 responding to therapy had progressed to @entity454 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The prognosis of XXXX of adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['FSGS', 'glomerular hyalinosis', 'focal segmental glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotics', 'Nephrotic', 'nephrotic proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['focal segmental glomerular sclerosis']


abstract: AIM: To describe the association between the interval between the call for ambulance and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival in out-of-hospital @entity1167 . @entity1 : All @entity1 suffering an out-of-hospital @entity1167 in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started, included in the @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) for whom information about the time of calling for an ambulance and the time of ROSC was available. RESULTS: Among 26,192 @entity1 who were included in @entity1167 and were not witnessed by the ambulance crew, information about the time of call for an ambulance and the time of ROSC was available in 4847 @entity1 (19%). There was a very strong relationship between the interval between call for an ambulance and ROSC and survival to one month. If the interval was less than or equal to 5 min, 47% survived to one month. If the interval exceeded 30 min, only 5% (n = 35) survived to one month. The vast majority of the latter survivors had a shockable rhythm either on admission of the rescue team or at some time during resuscitation. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 who have ROSC after an out-of-hospital @entity1167 , there is a very strong association between the interval between the call for ambulance and ROSC and survival to one month. However, even if this delay is very long (> 30 min after calling for an ambulance), a small percentage will ultimately survive; they are mainly @entity1 who at some time during resuscitation have a shockable rhythm. The overall percentage of @entity1 for whom CPR continued for more than 30 min who are alive one month later can be assumed to be extremely low.

title: Association between interval between call for ambulance and return of spontaneous circulation and survival in out-of-hospital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry', 'cardiac arrest', 'SCAR']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Historically, management of @entity788 has been determined based on whether the @entity5 was amenable to resection and all @entity1 deemed resectable received curative intent surgery followed by adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy (CT)    @entity138 . However, @entity1 who undergo resection with microscopic (R1) positive margins have inferior rates of survival. The purpose of this study is to identify @entity1 who have undergone pancreatectomy for @entity788 , determine the surgical margins, types of adjuvant therapies given and patterns of failure. Our hypothesis was that in @entity1 who have surgery without pre-operative therapy, there is a high rate of R1 resections and subsequent local recurrence, despite adjuvant therapy. METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 with curative resections for @entity788 between 2003 and 2015 were reviewed. @entity5 stage, margin status, distance to closest margin, receipt of adjuvant therapy and length of survival were collected. @entity1 were divided into two groups based on whether they received adjuvant CT + @entity138 (n=37) or CT alone (n=37). @entity1 were further divided based on whether resection was R1 (n=29) or R0 (n=42). Wilcoxon survival tests and Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to determine the effects of CT + @entity138 vs. CT alone, stratified by surgical margin status. RESULTS: Of the 29 @entity1 (39%) who had R1, 15 received CT + @entity138 and 14 received only CT. @entity1 who received CT + @entity138 experienced a significantly longer period of PFS (13 vs. 7.5 mos, P=0.03) than @entity1 who received CT alone. However, there was no significant difference found in time to @entity204 post @entity5 resection between CT + @entity138 vs. CT alone (P=0.73). Of the 42 @entity1 with R0, 21 received CT + @entity138 and 21 received CT. There was a trend towards increase in PFS in @entity1 treated with CT + @entity138 (25 vs. 17 months, P=0.05), but there was no significant increase in time to @entity204 compared to @entity1 treated with CT alone (P=0.53. Of the 36 @entity1 with CT + @entity138 , 21 had R0 and 15 had R1. @entity1 with R0 were more likely to have longer PFS (25 vs. 13 months, P=0.06), but there was no significant difference in time to @entity204 compared to @entity1 with CT alone (P=0.68). CONCLUSIONS: After curative resection, the addition of @entity138 to CT improves PFS in both R0 and R1 settings. However, @entity1 with R1 have significantly worse PFS and @entity3012 compared to @entity1 with R0 and even aggressive adjuvant therapy does not make up for the difference. The paradigm has shifted and now for @entity1 with resectable @entity788 we recommend neoadjuvant CT + @entity138 to improve @entity138 targeting and treatment response assessment and most importantly, improve chances of obtaining R0.

title: Changing paradigm in XXXX : from adjuvant to neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the safety of @entity5747 compared with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) as an adjunctive agent in trabeculectomy by determining its ciliary body @entity137 at predetermined effective dosages in @entity95 eyes. METHODS: Thirty-two New Zealand albino @entity95 received either @entity5747 (200, 300, 400, or 800 mg/ml) or @entity1139 (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/ml) injections subconjunctivally in the right eye. Enucleations were performed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 28th day. Untreated left eyes were injected with balanced salt solution and served as controls. The injection-exposed ciliary body specimens were processed to be investigated under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: There was no pathologic abnormality in specimens under light microscopy. The morphologic evaluation with transmission electron microscopy showed severe changes in structure, except for eyes treated with 200 mg/ml @entity5747 and 0.2 mg/ml of @entity1139 . These changes were more prominent in eyes exposed to @entity1139 , and appeared earlier compared to @entity5747 -treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5747 200 mg/ml and @entity1139 0.2 mg/ml seem to be comparatively nontoxic to the ciliary body of the @entity95 eye. Concentrations higher than these values caused severe damage.

title: @entity137 of subconjunctival @entity5747 compared with XXXX in the @entity95 eye: determining the toxic concentration.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity5747 :: ('MESH:D013498', 'Chemical') :: ['suramin', 'Suramin']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin-C']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Odontocete echolocation clicks are generated by pneumatically driven phonic lips within the nasal passage, and propagated through specialized structures within the forehead. This study investigated the highly derived echolocation structures of the pygmy ( @entity54357 ) and dwarf (K. sima) @entity10253 through careful dissections (N   =   18 @entity54357 , 6 K. sima) and histological examinations (N   =   5 @entity54357 ). This study is the first to show that the entire kogiid sound production and transmission pathway is acted upon by complex facial muscles (likely derivations of the m. maxillonasolabialis). Muscles appear capable of tensing and separating the solitary pair of phonic lips, which would control echolocation click frequencies. The phonic lips are enveloped by the "vocal cap," a morphologically complex, connective tissue structure unique to kogiids. Extensive facial muscles appear to control the position of this structure and its spatial relationship to the phonic lips. The vocal cap's numerous air crypts suggest that it may reflect sounds. Muscles encircling the connective tissue case that surrounds the spermaceti organ may change its shape and/or internal pressure. These actions may influence the acoustic energy transmitted from the phonic lips, through this lipid body, to the @entity2487 . Facial and rostral muscles act upon the length of the @entity2487 , suggesting that the sound "beam" can be focused as it travels through the @entity2487 and into the environment. This study suggests that the kogiid echolocation system is highly tunable. Future acoustic studies are required to test these hypotheses and gain further insight into the kogiid echolocation system. Anat Rec, 298:1301-1326, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Morphology of the Nasal Apparatus in Pygmy ( XXXX ) and Dwarf (K. Sima) @entity10253 .

entities_list: @entity54357 :: ('27615', 'Species') :: ['Kogia breviceps', 'K. breviceps']

answer: @entity54357 :: (27615,Species) :: ['Kogia Breviceps']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to investigate the value of interventional endoscopy in @entity1 with strictures of the common bile duct (CBD) caused by @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ), and to define the subset of @entity1 who may be at risk for failure of endoscopic intervention, in a prospective follow-up study. METHODS: A total of 61 @entity1 with symptomatic CBD strictures caused by @entity8883 were treated by endoscopic stent insertion for 1 yr with scheduled stent changes every 3 months. After the treatment period, all @entity1 entered a follow-up program. RESULTS: Initial endoscopic drainage was successful in all cases, with complete resolution of @entity3883 . After 1 yr from the initial stent insertion, in 19 @entity1 (31.1%) the obstruction was resolved, and stents were removed without any need of additional procedures. During a median follow-up of 40 months (range 18-66 months), 16 @entity1 had no recurrence of symptomatic CBD stricture (long term success rate 26.2%). Of 45 @entity1 who needed definitive therapy, 12 @entity1 (19.7%) were treated with repeated plastic stent insertion and three (4.9%) with insertion of a metal stent, and 30 @entity1 (49.2%) underwent surgery. Among the variables tested, @entity730 of the pancreatic head was the only factor that was found to be of prognostic value. Of 39 @entity1 with @entity730 of the pancreatic head, only three (7.7%) were successfully treated by a 1-yr period of plastic stent therapy, whereas in 13 of 22 @entity1 (59.1%) without @entity730 , this treatment was successful (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic drainage of @entity253 provides excellent short term but only moderate long term results. @entity1 without @entity730 of the pancreatic head benefit from biliary stenting. @entity1 with @entity730 were identified to have a 17-fold (95% CI=4-74) increased risk of failure of a 12 month course of endoscopic stenting.

title: Risk factors for failure of endoscopic stenting of XXXX in @entity1689 : a prospective follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic CP']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification', 'calcifications']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary strictures']


abstract: C19 @entity230 are converted to @entity172 in a number of tissues by a specific form of cytochrome P450, namely aromatase cytochrome P450 ( @entity4819 ). Adipose tissue is the principal site of @entity172 formation in postmenopausal @entity1 . Aromatase activity as well as @entity4819 transcripts primarily reside in the stromal cell component of the adipose tissue. Studies designed to investigate whether increased local aromatase activity in breast adipose tissue influences the growth of @entity0 have yielded discrepant results. In an attempt to clarify this controversy, adipose tissue was obtained from the four breast quadrants at the time of mastectomy (n = 13) performed for removal of a @entity5 . Breast fat @entity4819 messenger RNA levels were quantified and compared between the four quadrants within each specimen using competitive polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription in which 10 micrograms @entity1 adipose total RNA together with 1 pg @entity35 complementary RNA (internal standard) were reverse transcribed and coamplified. In 9 out of 13 @entity1 (69%), highest @entity4819 transcript levels colocalized to the quadrants bearing @entity5 . This correlation was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The regional distribution of @entity4819 transcripts in breast adipose tissue of disease-free individuals, obtained during reduction mammoplasty (control group, n = 9), did not favor any particular region of the breast. We also quantified by morphometry the histological components of the adipose tissue samples from each quadrant in mastectomy specimens. The distribution of stromal cells significantly correlated with the distribution of @entity4819 transcript levels, in that quadrants containing highest proportions of stromal cells matched to highest transcript levels (P < 0.01). Although the quadrants bearing @entity5 contained the highest percentage of stromal cells, this correlation was not statistically significant. The adipose tissue surrounding a @entity0 displays increased @entity172 biosynthesis, which may promote @entity5 growth. It is further suggested that the distribution of stromal cell components in breast adipose tissue gives rise to locally elevated @entity4819 expression, which in turn may favor neoplastic development and growth in these predisposed areas of the breast. The correlation between the presence of a @entity5 and elevated @entity4819 levels in the proximal adipose tissue is independent of @entity5 size, node involvement, histological type or grade, @entity172 / @entity1420 receptor status, DNA index, or S-phase fraction.

title: A link between XXXX and local @entity172 biosynthesis suggested by quantification of breast adipose tissue aromatase cytochrome P450 transcripts using competitive polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity7261 is the most common pathological finding in routine colonoscopy. @entity66 comprises both @entity4436 and diverticular @entity548 . This review examines the pathophysiological basis for disease including the importance of the @entity2362 /collagen profile in @entity7261 formation. It summarizes the latest epidemiological findings with an emphasis on age- and sex-related differences. Risk factors including @entity28 , medications, hereditary factors, and diet are critically reviewed with the most up-to-date evidence. A detailed appraisal of therapeutic options is provided with special emphasis on @entity2983 , probiotics, @entity2983 , percutaneous @entity733 , and image-guided embolization. The role of antibiotics and surgery is discussed and compared with guideline recommendations. A more conservative approach, averting admission and even antibiotics, is explored. Finally, a careful review of the data surrounding the utility of colonoscopy in diagnosis and management is provided given the increasing number of reports citing the low incidence of @entity14 after an episode of @entity4436 . Throughout the review we focus on the older @entity1 with @entity66 .

title: XXXX : changing epidemiology and management.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease', 'Diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['Diverticulosis', 'diverticula']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess drainage']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylate', 'mesalamine']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Diverticular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the costs of three methods for the diagnosis of drug susceptibility in @entity378 , and to compare the cost per case of @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ) diagnosed with these ( @entity881 , GRIESS and Genotype MTBDR plus  ) in 4 epidemiologic groups in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the basis of programmatic figures, we divided the population in 4 groups: new cases from Lima/Callao, new cases from other provinces, previously treated @entity1 from Lima/Callao and previously treated from other provinces. We calculated the costs of each test with the standard methodology of the Ministry of Health, from the perspective of the health system. Finally, we calculated the cost per @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6371 for each epidemiologic group. RESULTS: The estimated costs per test for @entity881 , GRIESS, and Genotype MTBDR plus   were 14.83. 15.51 and 176.41 nuevos soles respectively (the local currency, 1 nuevos sol=0.36 US dollars for August, 2011). The cost per @entity1 diagnosed with GRIESS and @entity881 was lower than 200 nuevos soles in 3 out of the 4 groups. The costs per diagnosed @entity6371 were higher than 2,000 nuevos soles with Genotype MTBDR plus   in the two groups of new @entity1 , and lower than 1,000 nuevos soles in the group of previously treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In high-prevalence groups, like the previously treated @entity1 , the costs per diagnosis of @entity6371 with the 3 evaluated tests were low, nevertheless, the costs with the molecular test in the low- prevalence groups were high. The use of the molecular tests must be optimized in high prevalence areas.

title: [Cost analysis of rapid methods for diagnosis of XXXX in different epidemiologic groups in Per  ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis', 'MDR TB']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['multidrug resistant tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Standard biomarker testing of a single macroscopic disease site is unlikely to be sufficient because of @entity5 heterogeneity. A focus on examining global biomarker expression or activity, particularly in microscopic residual chemotherapy-resistant disease, is needed for the appropriate selection of targeted therapies. This study was aimed at establishing a technique for the assessment of biomarkers of @entity43 peritoneal spread. METHODS: An in-house developed fluorescent imaging device was used to detect the expression of the @entity1916 oncogene in @entity43 . A modified cyanine 5-tagged peptide, GE137, with a high in vitro affinity for the @entity1 @entity1916 protein, was tested in a panel of @entity43 cell lines. Finally, the feasibility of detecting submillimeter @entity43 cell peritoneal metastases in vivo was tested through the intravenous injection of GE137 into @entity19 with @entity5 xenografts. RESULTS: Using optical imaging it was possible to detect @entity1916 expression in submillimeter peritoneal metastases that were freshly excised from a @entity1 high-grade serous @entity43 . GE137 selectively bound to the @entity1916 @entity669 kinase without activating survival signaling pathways (AKT or extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation) downstream of @entity1916 . GE137 specifically accumulated in SKOv3 @entity43 cells expressing @entity1916 via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and emitted a fluorescent signal that lasted for at least 8 hours in @entity5 xenografts in vivo with a sustained high signal-to-noise ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that intraoperative optical imaging could provide a new paradigm for selecting @entity5 @entity1 for appropriate targeted therapies, particularly after initial chemotherapy. @entity5 2015;121:202-13.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Toward operative in vivo fluorescence imaging of the XXXX proto-oncogene for personalization of therapy in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1916 :: (4233,Gene) :: ['c-Met']


abstract: Epidermal keratinocytes have important immunologic functions, which is apparent during wound healing, in @entity1569 , and in @entity56 and inflammatory reactions. In these processes, keratinocytes not only produce cytokines and growth factors that attract and affect lymphocytes but also respond to the polypeptide factors produced by the lymphocytes. Gamma interferon ( @entity379 ) is one such signaling polypeptide. Its primary molecular effect is activation of specific transcription factors that regulate gene expression in target cells. In this work, we present a molecular mechanism of lymphocyte-keratinocyte signaling in the epidermis. We have induced @entity56 reactions that are associated with an accumulation of lymphocytes. These resulted in activation and nuclear translocation of @entity6897 , the @entity379 -activated transcription factor, in keratinocytes in vivo and subsequent induction of transcription of keratin @entity9531 . Within the promoter of the @entity9531 keratin gene, we have identified and characterized a site that confers the responsiveness to @entity379 and that binds the transcription factor @entity6897 . Other keratin gene promoters tested were not induced by @entity379 . These results characterize at the molecular level a signaling pathway produced by the infiltration of lymphocytes in skin and resulting in the specific alteration of gene expression in keratinocytes.

title: Disease-activated transcription factor: @entity56 reactions in human skin cause nuclear translocation of XXXX and induce synthesis of keratin @entity9531 .

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity6897 :: (6772,Gene) :: ['STAT-91']


abstract: Our aim was to examine indices of cardiorespiratory capacity at rest and during exercise before initiation of therapy for @entity978 . We prospectively studied 24 @entity1 divided into two groups according to the disease stage. Group 1 included eight @entity1 in stage IA and four in stage IIA; group 2 included four @entity1 in stage IIB, six in stage III, and two in stage IV. All @entity1 underwent detailed cardiopulmonary evaluations at rest using electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, spirometry, and measurement of pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO), and during exercise using a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Groups 1 and 2 were similar with respect to sex distribution (eight @entity1 and four @entity1 in each), mean age (35+/-36 vs37+/-4.6 years), body mass index, and hemoglobin concentration (12.7+/-0.2 vs 12.1+/-0.3 g l-1). All @entity1 had a normal cardiovascular status. All @entity1 in group 1 had normal cardiorespiratory measurements at rest and during exercise. Forced vital capacity was significantly lower in group 2 (84.8+/-2.7% predicted) than in group 1 (105+/-3%, P<0.0001), without abnormalities in DLCO or in resting and exercise @entity26 diffusion. Likewise, percentage predicted VO2max (65+/-4 vs 97+/-6, P<0.0002), @entity26 pulse at peak exercise (0.12+/-0.01 vs 0.17+/-0.01, P<0.001), and DeltaVO2/DeltaW slope (8.4+/-0.3 vs 10.2+/-0.4, P<0.003) were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1. Functional capacity during exercise was markedly reduced in @entity1 suffering from @entity978 in advanced stages. This loss of exercise capacity appeared mainly related to a @entity1897 .

title: Stage-related changes in functional capacity in XXXX : assessment by cardiopulmonary exercise testing before initiation of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral disorder']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Individuals with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) are at increased risk of developing @entity734 ( @entity734 ) and @entity1239 @entity734 . The co-occurrence of @entity71 and @entity734 / @entity1239 @entity734 may in part be mediated by shared genetic liability. Several neurobiological pathways have been implicated in both @entity71 and @entity734 , including @entity935 and @entity750 pathways. We hypothesized that variations in @entity935 and @entity750 neurotransmission genes were involved in the genetic liability to develop @entity734 / @entity1239 @entity734 in @entity71 . The current study included @entity1 with @entity71 (n   =   280) who were originally part of the Dutch International Multicenter @entity71 Genetics study. @entity1 were aged 5-15 years and attending outpatient clinics at enrollment in the study. Diagnoses of @entity71 , @entity734 , @entity1239 @entity734 , age of first @entity1239 and substance use, and @entity285 use severity were based on semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Genetic risk scores were created for both serotonergic and dopaminergic risk genes previously shown to be associated with @entity71 and @entity734 and/or @entity1239 @entity734 . The @entity750 genetic risk score significantly predicted @entity285 use severity. No significant @entity750   *   @entity935 risk score or effect of stimulant medication was found. The current study adds to the literature by providing insight into genetic underpinnings of the co-morbidity of @entity71 and @entity734 . While the focus of the literature so far has been mostly on @entity935 , our study suggests that @entity750 may also play a role in the relationship between these disorders.

title: @entity935 and XXXX genetic risk scores predicting substance and @entity1239 use in @entity71 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'SUDs', 'substance use disorders']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: In Nigeria, the State of Delta expanded maternal and @entity1 health and family planning ( @entity27127 /FP) services in 1992. Service providers and family planning motivators provide @entity27127 /FP services. Pathfinder International, UNFPA, Family Health Services, Africare, and the European community have contributed to @entity27127 /FP services in Delta State. Representatives from these groups and other organizations have evaluated the effect of a workshop on supervisory skills in the old Bendel State and assessed the commodity, financial, and logistic needs of Delta State. Consultants from Family Health Services provided training on management information systems. UNFPA and Africare donated equipment for @entity27127 /FP services, which have already been distributed to main service facilities statewide. @entity27127 /FP officials have participated in several courses and workshops set up by Family Health Services, Pathfinder International, and other groups. 38 service delivery points exist in Delta State. 24 clinics provide full services, while the remaining 14 sites provide basic services. Africare has provided all required equipment to 16 clinics. 17 do not have all the equipment. The @entity27127 /FP unit focuses on availability of services and family planning education. In 1992, Delta State had 8311 new family planning acceptors. Nevertheless, a public education campaign and provision of vehicles and equipment are still needed. Delta State should stare using the national population logo to increase family planning knowledge, because the public can more easily identify service points as well as make visits to providers for family planning counseling.

title: Maternal, XXXX health and family planning in Delta State.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One criticism of @entity4037 ( @entity4037 ) is that the rectus muscles are not re-approximated to the midline, and the effect of @entity4037 repair on the fascial edges is unclear. Progressive @entity4438 toward the midline has been observed anecdotally, but objective evidence remains limited. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of @entity14183 . METHODS: @entity1 undergoing @entity4037 repair with defects > 10 cm in horizontal diameter were identified prospectively and enrolled. All were repaired laparoscopically with intraperitoneal placement of mesh (DualMesh, W.L. Gore and Associates) using a standard approach. Radio-opaque clips were placed at the fascial edges intraoperatively to mark the defect, and plain abdominal films were taken postoperatively (Time 1) to establish the initial distance between clips (measured in cm). A subsequent follow-up film was taken (Time 2), and the difference in clip distance per @entity1 was recorded. Results were analyzed using a chi-squared test. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 qualified for analysis and their results were compared. Mean @entity4438 size was 15.1 cm (range 8.3-22.0). With respect to change in clip distance from Times 1 to 2, three events were observed: (1) Diminished (i.e. medialized), (2) Enlarged, or (3) No Change. Ten @entity1 (83%) medialized, one @entity1 enlarged, and one @entity1 showed no change (chi2 (d.f. = 2) 9.17, p < 0.0023). CONCLUSIONS: Medialization of the @entity2896 occurs in the majority of @entity1 undergoing @entity4037 repair. Causes for this phenomenon are unclear: however eliminating intrabdominal pressure with intraperitoneal mesh placement likely plays a role.

title: What happens to the XXXX after @entity4037 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial defect', 'migration of the fascial edges']

entities_list: @entity14183 :: ('MESH:D049914', 'Disease') :: ['LVH repair on the rectus abdominus fascia']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['rectus abdominus fascia']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'laparoscopic ventral hernia repair']

answer: @entity2896 :: (MESH:D020434,Disease) :: ['rectus abdominus fascia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio is used as a criterion for airflow obstruction; however, the test characteristics of spirometry in the diagnosis of @entity565 are not well established. The accuracy of a test depends on the pretest probability of disease. OBJECTIVE: We wanted to estimate the FEV1/FVC ratio z score threshold with optimal accuracy for the diagnosis of @entity565 for different pretest probabilities. METHODS: @entity748 @entity1 enrolled in 4 trials from the Asthma Clinical Research Centers were included in this analysis. Measured and predicted FEV1/FVC ratios were obtained, with calculation of z scores for each @entity1 . Across a range of @entity565 prevalences and z score thresholds, the overall diagnostic accuracy was calculated. RESULTS: One thousand six hundred eight @entity1 were included (mean age, 39 years; 71% female; 61% white). The mean FEV1 percent predicted value was 83% ( @entity168 , 15%). In a symptomatic population with 50% pretest probability of @entity565 , optimal accuracy (68%) is achieved with a z score threshold of -1.0 (16th percentile), corresponding to a 6 percentage point reduction from the predicted ratio. However, in a screening population with a 5% pretest probability of @entity565 , the optimum z score is -2.0 (second percentile), corresponding to a 12 percentage point reduction from the predicted ratio. These findings were not altered by markers of disease control. CONCLUSION: Reduction of the FEV1/FVC ratio can support the diagnosis of @entity565 ; however, the ratio is neither sensitive nor specific enough for diagnostic accuracy. When interpreting spirometric results, consideration of the pretest probability is an important consideration in the diagnosis of @entity565 based on airflow limitation.

title: Diagnostic accuracy of FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio z scores in @entity748 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['Asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The author evaluated the hypothesis that the incidence of allergic-type adverse events among @entity1097 and @entity299 @entity1 would be lower in @entity1 randomized to receive nonionic versus ionic lower osmolal contrast medium. METHODS: Enrollment criteria included a history of @entity5419 , @entity565 , @entity483 or @entity2023 but not prior contrast media-induced adverse events. One hundred forty-two @entity1 enrolled were randomized to receive either the ionic agent @entity7567 or nonionic @entity3990 . @entity1 and investigators were masked. Sixty-eight @entity1 received @entity3990 , and 74 received @entity7567 . Group means were compared using the unpaired Student's t test. Contingency tables were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Allergic-type adverse events (excluding @entity1671 , warmth, and @entity299 ) were recorded in 8 of 68 @entity1 in the @entity3990 group versus 19 of 74 in the @entity7567 group. @entity7567 was more likely to be associated with a reaction than @entity3990 (P < 0.05, chi-square test). @entity3990 was more likely to be associated with @entity1671 when considered independently (38 of 68) than use @entity7567 (24 of 74)(P < 0.005, chi-square test). There was no difference in the incidence of @entity299 , or any combination of allergic-type adverse events, @entity299 , and @entity1671 in @entity1 who received @entity3990 or @entity7567 . CONCLUSION: In this double-masked study, @entity3990 caused fewer allergic-type adverse events (excluding @entity1671 and @entity299 ) but more @entity1671 than @entity7567 in @entity1 with a history of @entity565 or @entity66 . When @entity299 also were considered, there was no difference in the incidence of reactions after @entity3990 and @entity7567 .

title: Allergic-type adverse reactions to low osmolality contrast media in @entity1 with a history of allergy or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pollinosis']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity7567 :: ('MESH:D007485', 'Chemical') :: ['Ioxaglate', 'ioxaglate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic cardiac angiography', 'cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity3990 :: ('MESH:D007479', 'Chemical') :: ['Iopamidol', 'iopamidol']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the short term results after the Weil-procedure for the treatment for @entity7529 in 30 consecutive @entity1 . METHODS: 30 @entity1 (69 osteotomies) after the Weil-procedure with an average age of 60 years (range 25 to 78 years) were analysed by clinical and radiological evaluation. The average follow up was 15 months (range 12 to 26 months). Analysis was performed using the @entity1 ' records, weight-bearing radiographs and a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Subjective evaluation revealed 23 very satisfied and satisfied @entity1 . Based on the Lesser-Metatarsal-Interphalangeal-Scale the objective results showed 77.1 points on average. The results were excellent in 17 cases, good in 4, fair in 3 and unsatisfactory in 6 cases respectively. Recurrent @entity7529 was noted in 5 cases, whereas no transfermetatarsalgia was observed. The average shortening was 4.4 mm. Subluxation of the metatarsophalangeal joint was corrected in 18 out of 22 cases. A @entity2720 was noted in 14 cases. 2 @entity1 showed @entity717 . CONCLUSION: Our short-term results reveal that the @entity7530 is a sufficient treatment for @entity7529 . This technique is able to reestablish the alignment of the metatarsals and to correct luxation and subluxation of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Restricted plantarflexion of the metatarsophalangeal joint is a drawback, which may be avoided by intensive physiotherapy.

title: [Short-term outcome of @entity7530 in treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7529 :: ('MESH:D037061', 'Disease') :: ['metatarsalgia']

entities_list: @entity7530 :: ('MESH:D014895', 'Disease') :: ['Weil-osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['restricted plantar flexion of the metatarsophalangeal joint']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['loss of movement']

answer: @entity7529 :: (MESH:D037061,Disease) :: ['metatarsalgia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity64 is the leading cause of @entity717 worldwide. Currently, there is no effective treatment for @entity64 survivors. @entity7418 ( @entity7418 ) and @entity7420 ( @entity7420 ) are the growth factors regulating hematopoiesis. We have previously observed that @entity7418 and @entity7420 have neuroprotective and functional effects on acute @entity2806 . In the present study, the beneficial effects of @entity7418 and @entity7420 on chronic @entity2806 were determined. METHODS: @entity7418 , @entity7420 , or @entity7418 + @entity7420 was administered subcutaneously to @entity35 3.5 months after induction of @entity385 by @entity2500 . @entity51 were evaluated by limb placement test and foot fault test over time. Field-evoked potential was performed 19 weeks after treatment. @entity1188 volume was histologically determined using serial coronal sections. RESULTS: Significant functional improvement was seen in @entity7418 + @entity7420 -treated @entity35 1, 5, and 17 weeks after injections. @entity7418 alone also improved functional outcome, but it did not show as stable improvement as @entity7418 + @entity7420 . No functional benefit was seen in @entity7420 -treated @entity35 . Field-evoked potential studies further confirmed the behavioral data that the normal pattern of neuronal activity was reestablished in the lesioned brain of the @entity35 with good functional outcome. Interestingly, @entity1188 volume was also significantly reduced in @entity7418 + @entity7420 -treated @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: These data provide first evidence that functional restoration in chronic @entity2806 can be attained using hematopoietic growth factors.

title: Beneficial effects of hematopoietic growth factor therapy in chronic XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity7420 :: ('25610(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['adult disability']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity5 is increasing, and survival has not improved since the majority of @entity1 present at an advanced stage. @entity1 delay has remained the same over the years and is difficult to influence. Much less is known about the delay in diagnosis caused by physicians and dentists. AIM: To investigate the @entity5 in primary care in Northern Finland and to examine the consultation prevalence of oral symptoms in primary care in Finland. STUDY: Analysis of data from medical records of @entity5 @entity1 kept between 1 January 1974 and 31 December 1994 for the general health insurance scheme. SETTING: The two northernmost provinces of Finland (population of 700,000). METHOD: Data were collected on demographic and clinical variables and on the first medical visit on 75 @entity5 @entity1 . In addition, primary care physicians recorded all @entity1 visits during four weeks in 25 health centres randomly selected throughout Finland in 1996. RESULTS: At the initial visit, the @entity5 @entity1 was correctly referred for further examinations in 49 (65%) cases. In 12 (16%) of cases the @entity1 was not referred but was scheduled for a follow-up visit, and was neither referred nor followed-up in 14 (19%). When compared with the referred @entity1 the median professional delay was somewhat longer for the unreferred @entity1 but increased dramatically if no follow-up was arranged (0.6 months [range = 0.1-2.4] versus 1.2 [range = 0.3-2.2] versus 5.2 [range = 0.7-18.2], P < 0.001). Compared with the referred @entity1 the adjusted relative hazard of death for the non-referred followed-up @entity1 was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.31-6.5) and that for the non-referred/not followed-up @entity1 6.3 (95% CI = 1.7-22.9). The high-risk @entity1 included those who sought an early professional evaluation, those who made the appointment for a completely different reason and only mentioned the symptom suggestive of @entity5 incidentally, those that had a small @entity1066 , and blue-collar workers. Oral symptoms were a rare cause of visits (0.55% of all visits) in primary care in Finland. CONCLUSION: @entity5 at the initial professional evaluation often leads to a fatal delay if the @entity1 is left without any follow-up.

title: XXXX in primary care.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Misdiagnosis of tongue cancer', 'cancer', 'detection of tongue cancer', 'tongue cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative lesion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Detection of tongue cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether the presence of @entity417 is a risk factor for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) outcomes in the general population. BACKGROUND: @entity417 is a risk factor for @entity65 outcomes in @entity1 with @entity8 and in @entity1 with @entity712 , but has not been evaluated as a risk factor in the general population. METHODS: The @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) study was used to evaluate the relationship of @entity417 , defined by hemoglobin <13 g/dl in @entity1 and <12 g/dl in @entity1 , to @entity65 . Cox proportional hazards regression was used to adjust the relationship between @entity417 and @entity65 outcomes for other covariates in the entire study cohort, as well as in subgroups of @entity1 , @entity1 , African Americans and whites. RESULTS: A total of 14,410 subjects (6,267 @entity1 and 8,143 @entity1 ) without @entity65 at baseline had hemoglobin levels measured. Three hundred @entity1 (4.8%) and 1,058 @entity1 (13.0%) were anemic. During an average follow-up of 6.1 years there was a total of 549 (3.8%) @entity65 events. The presence of @entity417 was independently associated with an increased risk of @entity65 (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] of 1.41 [1.01, 1.95]) in the entire study cohort. In subgroup analyses the hazard ratios were in the same direction, although not statistically significant in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity417 is an independent risk factor for @entity65 outcomes in the ARIC cohort, a community cohort of subjects between the ages of 45 and 64 years.

title: @entity417 as a risk factor for XXXX in The @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia', 'Chronic anemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Endocrine dysfunctions have been increasingly recognized following @entity131 . Ever more numerous studies on acute head-injured adults have also raised concern about this risk in @entity1 and adolescents who have experienced @entity542 . The current review of the pediatric literature summarizes recent findings on acute-phase dysfunction and @entity131 -associated @entity4614 . RECENT FINDINGS: The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying acute-phase hyponatremic and @entity74 have been elucidated. Prospective studies on @entity131 -associated @entity4614 in pediatric @entity1 are ongoing and preliminary data are available. SUMMARY: @entity131 , a 'silent epidemic' that carries a considerable burden of disabilities, leads to a @entity4903 in 28-69% of adult acute head-injured @entity1 . In the acute posttraumatic phase, @entity1887 and electrolyte disorders are critical conditions. Neurosurgical @entity1 , particularly those prone to @entity16 , require prompt diagnosis. @entity4614 may be diagnosed months or years after a @entity131 event. Since @entity2124 and gonadotropin secretion are most frequently compromised, careful follow-up of growth and pubertal development is mandatory in @entity1 hospitalized for @entity131 .

title: The effects of XXXX on hypothalamic-pituitary function in @entity1 and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism', 'Hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hypernatremic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['variety of endocrine dysfunctions']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']


abstract: Home intravenous antibiotic therapy is an alternative to hospital admission for moderately severe @entity281 . However, few studies have analyzed its safety and effectiveness in the treatment of @entity281 caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. The purpose of this study is to analyze the safety and effectiveness of home intravenous antibiotic therapy in multidrug-resistant @entity2348 . We analyzed prospectively all @entity1 admitted to our service who underwent home intravenous antibiotic therapy during the period 2008-2012. All the treatments were administered by caretakers or self-administered by @entity1 , through elastomeric infusion devices. Effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing the readmission rate for poor infection control. Safety was evaluated by analyzing adverse events, catheter-related complications, and readmissions not related to poor infection control. There were 433 admissions (in 355 @entity1 ) for home intravenous antibiotic therapy during the study period. There were 226 (52.2  %) admissions due to multidrug-resistant @entity2348 and 207 (47.8  %) due to non-multidrug-resistant @entity281 . Hospital readmissions in @entity1 with multidrug-resistant @entity281 were uncommon. Multidrug-resistant enterococcal @entity281 , healthcare-associated @entity281 , and carbapenem therapy were independent variables associated with increased readmissions due to poor infection control. Readmissions not related to poor infection control, adverse events, and catheter-related complications were similar in multidrug-resistant compared to non-multidrug-resistant @entity2348 . Home intravenous therapy, administered by @entity1 or their caretakers using elastomeric infusion pumps, was safe and effective for the treatment of most multidrug-resistant @entity2348 .

title: Safety and effectiveness of home intravenous antibiotic therapy for multidrug-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Three local anesthetics are commonly used for @entity616 : 2% @entity3303 with 1:100,000 @entity1425 , 2% @entity3303 , and 0.5% @entity1341 . The authors have not identified a study that has compared these three agents in @entity616 in a randomized fashion. The goal of this study was to determine which of the three agents provided the longest duration of @entity129 . METHODS: Thirty volunteers had the long finger of each hand along with one of their small fingers anesthetized with one of the above agents, respectively. The local anesthetic agent to be used in each finger was randomized. A double-blind design was used. Volunteers reported the time that each of their fingers returned to normal sensation at the tip. An analysis of variance was used to detect significant differences among the three groups, and subsequent pair-wise comparisons were performed using post hoc Tukey tests. RESULTS: The mean duration of anesthesia was as follows: 0.5% @entity1341 , 24.9 hours; 2% @entity3303 with @entity1425 (1:100,000), 10.4 hours; and 2% @entity3303 , 4.9 hours. In both the Bonferroni and Tukey tests, all three agents provided significantly different durations of @entity129 (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: At an average of 24.9 hours, @entity1341 (0.5%) provides a significantly longer digital anesthesia time than the average 10.4 hours achieved by 2% @entity3303 with @entity1425 (1:100,000), which in turn provides twice as long an anesthesia time as 2% @entity3303 (average, 4.9 hours).

title: Randomized double-blind comparison of duration of anesthesia among three commonly used agents in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['digital nerve blockade']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['digital nerve block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['digital nerve block']


abstract: In 15,645 consecutive ultrasound examinations of the abdomen (1986 to 1988), free fluid in the peritoneal cavity was found in 247 @entity1 by internal trial during 397 sessions (= 2.5%). Most frequent basic diagnosis for the reason of this symptom were @entity5 (99 @entity1 corresponding to 40.1%), @entity1575 (52 @entity1 corresp. to 22.1%) and @entity712 (31 @entity1 corresp. to 12.6%, among these complex gayprooft @entity296 24, @entity712 7). @entity42 (7), acute/chronic-recurrent @entity788 (6), @entity30 (3), @entity281 (3), @entity309 (3), @entity1985 (2), and extra-uterine pregnancy (2) were more rarely represented. In 23 @entity1 (corresp. to 9.3%) the cause of an @entity843 remained obscure. Among these, a high prevalence of the female sex in the premenopausal age was remarkable with a score of 20:3 (statistically significant difference in terms of the other @entity1 of our group). This observation suggests that an ovarian factor plays a role in the development of @entity843 in the absence of other evident causes. The literature implies that @entity46 is rather prominent, followed by oligosymptomatic @entity281 or inflammatory diseases.

title: [Cryptogenetic XXXX . Attempts at original pathophysiologic explanation of a monomorphic sonographic image pattern].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumorous diseases']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian cysts or cystomas']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid disorders']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: To evaluate the hemodynamic characteristics of the normal mesenteric circulation, five parameters of the velocity waveforms were measured in 15 normal subjects in the celiac and @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) in the pre- and postprandial periods. It was noted that changes in celiac artery flow after eating was minimal, indicating that this vessel' @entity9855 supply function is not to the gut. @entity6029 parameters showing the most significant and consistent changes after a meal were the diastolic reverse flow and diastolic forward flow (DFF). Four @entity1 referred with symptoms of intestinal angina underwent scanning and subsequent angiography of their mesenteric circulation. All four exhibited loss of reverse flow in the @entity6029 . The change in DFF in the @entity6029 was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Change in peak systolic velocity in the celiac artery was marginally significant (p = 0.05). Angiography revealed that three @entity1 had greater than 90% stenosis of both vessels. The fourth @entity1 had a 90% celiac artery and 65% @entity6029 stenosis. The technique described offers the first noninvasive means of identifying @entity5327 . It is an effective screening method for a disease entity difficult to verify without selective arteriography. The use of velocity waveform parameters giving good discrimination between normal subjects and those with stenoses of the visceral arteries should reduce both the incidence of missed diagnosis and unnecessary angiography.

title: Use of hemodynamic parameters in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric arteries', 'SMA']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric insufficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Migraineurs demonstrate abnormal information processing such as @entity56 . The photic driving response to photic stimulation (PS) is a reaction to the visual stimulation of electroencephalography (EEG). Both the photic driving response and @entity56 appear during light stimulation. We considered that evaluation of a migraineur's photic driving response may help to elucidate the mechanism of the @entity558 . Our study aimed to investigate EEG photic driving responses with a source-localizing method. METHODS: We recorded spontaneous resting EEG with eyes closed from 20 electrodes on the scalp during the interictal phase. After recording, each PS was separately selected. We also analyzed EEG by fast Fourier transform and observed the spectrum frequency peaks and topographies in response to PS. RESULTS: The photic driving response could be observed at a @entity11170 rate of >15 Hz. @entity1 with @entity56 tended to show more photic driving regardless of the @entity2704 subtype. Moreover, in topographies, their activated areas were shifted anteriorly from fundamental driving to harmonic driving for each photic frequency. This anterior shift was more evident with a longer duration of illness, although no significant differences were seen between @entity2704 subtypes. The global field power value had a positive correlation with the duration of illness. CONCLUSION: @entity56 and photic driving responses were increased in migraineurs. @entity56 might result in sensitization of the limbic system.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Topographic Analysis of Electroencephalographic Changes during Photic Driving Responses in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ["migraineur's sensitive condition"]

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Photic hypersensitivity', 'photic hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['Migraine']


abstract: A 33 year-old Thai @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity9556 according to clinical symptoms, @entity75 compatible with the disease, and specific antibody to @entity9557 detected by indirect immunoperoxidase. Percutaneous transhepatic needle biopsies were taken before and 7 days after treatment with @entity803 to study the pathology of the liver. The liver tissue was evaluated by light microscopy, using H _ E and Pinkerton's stains, and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Before treatment it showed reactive @entity99 . Rickettsia organisms within the hepatocytes and sinusoids detected by Pinkerton's stain appeared as tiny bright-red organisms. By TEM, the rod-shaped double-membrane Rickettsiae appeared intact in the cytoplasm of Kupffer's cells and hepatocytes. After @entity803 treatment, moderate levels of acidophilic and ballooning liver cells were observed. The degree of cytoplasmic organelle damage varied, including @entity1560 , depletion of glycogen granules, loss of the mitochondrial cristae, dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Rickettsia organisms cannot be visualized by Pinkerton's stain but were detected by TEM, in markedly vacuolated hepatocytes, in congested sinusoids and in Kupffer's cells. Intranuclear Rickettsia were discovered in the endothelial nucleus, showing various degrees of injury. Some were mildly degenerated, while others exhibited clumping of nucleoprotein at the cytoplasm periphery and large vacuolation centrally. Many indented organisms were found, and binary fission during Rickettsiae multiplication was always affected. Electron-microscopic examination of @entity99 associated with @entity9556 is rare. This is the first ultrastructural localization of Rickettsiae in the infected @entity1 liver.

title: Electron-microscopic examination of XXXX -infected @entity1 liver.

entities_list: @entity9556 :: ('MESH:D012612', 'Disease') :: ['scrub typhus', 'scrub typhus infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty metamorphosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['eschar lesions']

entities_list: @entity9557 :: ('784', 'Species') :: ['Rickettsia tsutsugamushi']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity9557 :: (784,Species) :: ['Rickettsia tsutsugamushi']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Genetic testing is increasingly part of routine clinical care for @entity1 with a family history of @entity0 . Given their substantially elevated risk for @entity0 , @entity5345 / @entity2674 mutation carriers must make the difficult decision whether or not to opt for risk reducing mastectomy. To help @entity6069 carriers make this decision, the authors developed a computer-based interactive decision @entity3224 that was tested against usual care in a randomized controlled trial. DESIGN: After the completion of genetic counseling, 214 female (aged 21-75) @entity5345 / @entity2674 mutation carriers were randomized to Usual Care (UC; N = 114) or Usual Care plus Decision @entity3224 (DA; N = 100) arms. UC @entity1 received no additional intervention. DA @entity1 were sent the CD-ROM DA to view at home. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The authors measured final management decision, decisional conflict, decisional satisfaction, and receipt of risk reducing mastectomy at 1-, 6-, and 12-months postrandomization. RESULTS: Longitudinal analyses revealed that the DA was effective among carriers who were initially undecided about how to manage their @entity0 risk. Within this group, the DA led to an increased likelihood of reaching a management decision (OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.62, 5.90; p < .001), decreased decisional conflict (B = -.46, z = -3.1, p <002), and increased satisfaction (B = .27, z = 3.1, p = .002) compared to UC. Among carriers who had already made a management decision by the time of randomization, the DA had no benefit relative to UC. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that @entity5345 / @entity2674 mutation carriers who are having difficulty making a @entity0 risk management decision can benefit from adjunct decision support.

title: Randomized trial of a decision @entity3224 for XXXX / @entity2674 mutation carriers: impact on measures of decision making and satisfaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare computed tomography (CT) angiography with conventional angiography in the evaluation of the extent of disease in the aorta and its major branches in @entity1 with @entity12040 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both conventional (digital subtraction) and CT angiography were performed in 10 @entity1 with @entity12040 . The @entity854 were assessed with both conventional angiography and @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) CT angiography. Transverse images from CT angiography also were used to assess mural changes, which were not assessed with conventional angiography. RESULTS: Conventional angiography revealed 51 sites of @entity854 . In five @entity1 (50%), both conventional and @entity1213 CT angiography depicted the same number of involved sites. At 36 of the 51 sites (71%), the estimation of luminal changes was the same for both modalities. In all @entity1 , the transverse images provided additional mural findings in the aorta and its major branches. The integrated information provided by CT angiography, including @entity1213 and transverse images, depicted more extensive disease than conventional angiography. CONCLUSION: CT angiography including @entity1213 and transverse images has advantages over conventional angiography in the evaluation of disease extent by providing additional mural information in @entity12040 .

title: CT angiography of XXXX : comparison with conventional angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['luminal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['MIP', 'maximum intensity projection']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu arteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a sexual health outreach programme in an adventure playground. DESIGN: A qualitative approach to evaluation is appropriate for a sexual health project where outcomes are unpredictable, difficult to define in numerical terms and the small scale of the intervention means that an impact on indices such as teenage pregnancy rates is unlikely. The data collection techniques used were the outreach worker's diary, questionnaires and interviews with youth workers, and a focus group with young @entity1 . RESULTS: Work in young @entity1 's leisure space requires flexible working in disrupted environments and a responsive approach to diverse individual needs. The outreach worker successfully engaged @entity1 and @entity1 in @entity458 . As a result of the project, youth workers' confidence in discussing sexual health issues and ability to refer to the clinic increased. CONCLUSION: Clinical staff providing a sexual health outreach service for young @entity1 offer a knowledge of sexual health and local clinical services and an opportunity to build positive relationships between clinics and local community organisations. The relationships help youth workers to raise sexual health issues with young @entity1 and to refer problems appropriately. Clinical staff doing outreach work may require additional skills to work in young @entity1 's leisure space, for example, the ability to negotiate the content of sessions and to tolerate disruption. A qualitative approach to evaluation effectively documents a range of project outcomes, including those which were unforeseen and which could not have been documented through the collection of numerical data. It also provides a detailed description of the process of project implementation, which aids replication.

title: XXXX in a playground: lessons learnt from the evaluation of a small-scale sexual health project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual health discussions']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Sexual health work']


abstract: Using livestock wastewater for @entity579 production in paddy fields can remove @entity1568 and supplement the use of chemical fertilizers. However, paddy fields have complicated water dynamics owing to varying characteristics and would influence @entity1568 removal through nitrification followed by denitrification. Quantification of nitrification and denitrification is of great importance in assessing the influence of water dynamics on @entity1568 removal in paddy fields. In this study, nitrification and @entity1507 reduction rates with different water dynamics after liquid @entity291 waste application were evaluated, and the in situ denitrification rate was determined directly using the @entity13140 isotopic technique in a laboratory experiment. A significant linear regression correlation between nitrification and the @entity1507 reduction rate was observed and showed different regression coefficients under different water dynamics. The regression coefficient in the continuously flooded paddy soil was higher than in the drained-reflooded paddy soil, suggesting that @entity1507 would be consumed faster in the flooded paddy soil. However, nitrification was limited and the maximum rate was only 13.3  g Ng(-1)day(-1) in the flooded paddy soil with @entity579 plants, which limited the supply of @entity1507 . In contrast, the drained-reflooded paddy soil had an enhanced nitrification rate up to 56.8  g Ng(-1)day(-1), which was four times higher than the flooded paddy soil and further stimulated @entity1507 reduction rates. Correspondingly, the in situ denitrification rates determined directly in the drained-reflooded paddy soil ranged from 5 to 1035 mg Nm(-2)day(-1), which was higher than the continuously flooded paddy soil (from 5 to 318 mg Nm(-2)day(-1)) during the vegetation period. The @entity1568 removal through denitrification accounted for 38.9% and 9.9% of applied @entity1568 in the drained-reflooded paddy soil and continuously flooded paddy soil, respectively.

title: Assessing nitrification and denitrification in a paddy soil with different water dynamics and applied liquid XXXX waste using the      N isotopic technique.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We assessed the prevalence of @entity11333 among 268 2-12-year-old @entity1 living in rural areas, small villages, and semi-urban areas of the Chaco region, south-eastern Bolivia. The overall parasitism was 69%. Only protozoa, helminths, or @entity325 were observed in 89.2%, 5.9%, or 4.9% of the positive @entity1 , respectively. A significant progressive increase in overall parasite prevalence was found when passing from rural areas to small villages and semi-urban areas. The most commonly found species were Entamoeba coli (38.4%), @entity461 (37.7%), and @entity8184 spp. (16%). @entity8921 nana was the most prevalent helminth (5.6%), followed by @entity9124 and hookworms (1.5% and 0.4%) evidenced only in rural areas and in villages. Molecular diagnostics identified @entity8184 subtypes 9 and 2, and 5 infections by @entity2330 and 4 by @entity22390 . The dramatic decrease in prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths with respect to that observed about 20 years ago (> 40%) evidences the success of the preventive chemotherapy intervention implemented in 1986. Health education and improved sanitation should be intensified to control @entity12354 .

title: Dramatic Decrease in Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths and New Insights Into Intestinal Protozoa in XXXX Living in the Chaco Region, Bolivia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal parasites']

entities_list: @entity22390 :: ('46681', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba dispar']

entities_list: @entity8921 :: ('MESH:D006925', 'Disease') :: ['Hymenolepis']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infections']

entities_list: @entity8184 :: ('MESH:D016776', 'Disease') :: ['Blastocystis']

entities_list: @entity12354 :: ('MESH:D011528', 'Disease') :: ['protozoan infections']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia intestinalis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For surgical treatment of posterior shearing @entity174 and @entity155 fractures of the @entity3057 ( @entity3057 ) a posterocentral approach without dissection or separation of the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle is used. The aim of this study was an evaluation of this approach. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 2001-2012 a total of 33 @entity1 were surgically treated using a posterocentral approach to the dorsal knee joint. Of these @entity1 22 had a posterior shearing @entity174 and 11 had an @entity155 @entity174 of the @entity3057 . The @entity174 type, complications, expertise of the surgeon, @entity146 , scar tissue and range of motion were documented. RESULTS: @entity1183 around the scar, at the lateral foot and lower lateral leg were observed in one each of three @entity1 . Despite two ventral @entity281 no infection of the dorsal implant occurred. All scar tissue was without pathological findings and scar contracture was not observed. In three cases the screw tips at the anterior proximal tibia were palpable but without complaints from the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The posterocentral approach showed a low complication rate in the hands of experienced surgeons. The soft tissue cover seems to prevent @entity281 .

title: [Posterocentral approach to the posterior tibial plateau. Reconstruction of @entity174 and XXXX of the @entity3057 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['Hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tibial plateau fractures', 'tibial plateau fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['fracture healing, implant position and irritation, nerve lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['implant infections']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['posterior cruciate ligament', 'PCL']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsions']


abstract: Estimates of the risks associated with the use of radiologic contrast agents frequently are based on a subjective review of some of the numerous articles that have been published on the subject. We have chosen instead to synthesize the existing evidence in an objective, quantitative way by statistically combining the data from individual studies through meta-analysis. Although meta-analysis is subject to whatever biases may exist in the underlying data, and may inappropriately pool data from studies with significant differences, the estimates draw proportionately from each original study and, in addition, gain considerable precision owing to the increased amounts of data considered. Using this technique, we analyzed the data from all available original reports appearing since 1980. Crude rates derived from all reports were used to estimate risks with @entity2101 media. Weighted rate differences based on comparative studies only were used in the estimation of the reductions in risk obtainable with @entity258 media. The risk of @entity204 with @entity2101 media was 0.9 per 100,000 uses (95% confidence interval, 0.3-2.6 per 100,000). The difference in risk produced by using @entity258 media was 0 (95% confidence interval, -1.1 to 1.1 per 100,000). The risk of severe reactions associated with @entity2101 media was 157 per 100,000 uses (95% confidence interval, 144-172 per 100,000). The reduction in risk that can be obtained by the use of @entity258 media was estimated to be 126 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval, 110-142 per 100,000). This meta-analysis shows that the risk of @entity204 is very low with either type of contrast material and that there is no difference between them. Severe nonfatal reactions with @entity2101 media, although more frequent, are still rare; approximately 80% of them can be prevented by using @entity258 media.

title: The risks of XXXX and of severe nonfatal reactions with high- vs @entity258 contrast media: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-osmolality']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-osmolality']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains one of the best therapeutic options to cure @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). However, many @entity1 have no human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor. Recently, we developed a new method for HLA-mismatched/haploidentical transplantation without in vitro @entity784 ( @entity784 ). This method combined @entity1261 ( @entity1261 )-primed bone marrow and peripheral blood with intensive immunosuppression. We analyzed the outcome of 250 consecutive @entity1 with @entity3052 who underwent HLA-mismatched/haploidentical transplantation with 1-3 mismatched loci of @entity1529 , B, and DR from family donors via our new transplant protocol. Two hundred forty-nine @entity1 achieved sustained, full donor chimerism. The incidence of grade 2-4 @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was 45.8%, and that of grades 3 and 4 was 13.4%, which was not associated with the extent of HLA disparity. The cumulative incidence of total chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 53.9% and that of extensive cGVHD was 22.6% in 217 evaluable @entity1 . One hundred forty-one of the 250 @entity1 survived free of disease recurrence at a median of 1092 days (range: 442-2437 days) of follow-up. Seventeen @entity1 received DLI as a treatment for relapse after transplantation and 7 @entity1 achieved @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ). The 3-year probability of @entity1778 for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) was 70.7% and 55.9%, and for @entity981 ( @entity981 ) it was 59.7% and 24.8% in standard-risk and high-risk groups, respectively. Lower @entity1778 were associated with diagnosis of @entity3052 in the high-risk group (P= .001, relative risk [RR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.94[1.535-5.631]) and the occurrence of @entity2132 of grades 3 and 4 (P= .004). HLA-mismatched/haploidentical HSCT was feasible with unmanipulated blood and bone marrow harvest.

title: Treatment of XXXX with unmanipulated HLA-mismatched/haploidentical blood and bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['TCD', 'T cell depletion']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['LFS', 'leukemia-free survival']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['aGVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13537 is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with antineoplastic and antiangiogenic effects in @entity11 that may work synergistically with bevacizumab. We conducted a multicenter phase II trial of @entity13537 combined with bevacizumab in @entity1 with recurrent high-grade @entity11 (HGG). METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent HGG were treated with oral @entity13537 30 mg 3 times per week, every other week, in combination with bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every other week. The primary endpoint was a 6-month progression-fee survival (PFS6) rate for @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 ( @entity463 ). @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 ( @entity11 ) were evaluated as an exploratory arm of the study. RESULTS: At interim analysis, the @entity463 arm did not meet criteria for continued accrual, and the @entity463 arm was closed. A total of 24 @entity1 with @entity463 were accrued prior to closure. The PFS6 rate was 30.4% (95%, CI 12.4%-50.7%), median PFS was 5 months (range, 3-9 months), and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 9 months (range, 6-19 months). Accrual in the @entity11 arm continued to completion, and a total of 15 @entity1 were enrolled. The PFS6 rate was 46.7% (range, 21%-73%), median PFS was 7 months (range, 2-10 months), and median @entity1349 was 17 months (range, 5 months-27 months). CONCLUSIONS: This phase II study of @entity13537 and bevacizumab in @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 did not meet criteria for continued accrual, and the @entity463 cohort of the study was closed. Although it was reasonably well tolerated, the addition of @entity13537 to bevacizumab did not significantly improve PFS6 compared with historical controls of bevacizumab monotherapy in either cohort.

title: Phase II study of @entity13537 in combination with bevacizumab for recurrent @entity463 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['AG', 'anaplastic glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity13537 :: ('MESH:C496932', 'Chemical') :: ['panobinostat', 'Panobinostat']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['anaplastic glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1205 and @entity136 are active against @entity0 . The purpose of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of monthly @entity1205 combined with weekly @entity136 in @entity1 with chemotherapy-pretreated metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 were enrolled, of whom thirty had received prior chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting, seven for @entity3 , and two for both, including prior @entity4349 in 33 @entity1 . Treatment was @entity136 800 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15 and @entity1205 100 mg/M2 on day 1, with cycles repeated every four weeks. RESULTS: Response rate was 79% (95% confidence interval (CI): 63%-91%), with 2 complete and 29 partial responses. Twenty-five of the responders remained progression-free for more than six months. Median survival was 24.5 months. Delivered dose intensity of @entity136 was lower than expected (63% of planned). The predominant hematologic @entity137 was grade 4 @entity1398 in 36 @entity1 , complicated by fever in three @entity1 . With the exception of @entity1395 , severe @entity1503 were infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: Monthly @entity1205 , combined with weekly @entity136 , has significant but manageable hematologic @entity137 . Despite frequent dose adjustments, this doublet is very active in metastatic @entity0 , producing a high proportion of durable responses associated with favorable survival.

title: Monthly @entity1205 and weekly @entity136 in metastatic XXXX : a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non-hematological toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity2332 is known to significantly increase mortality in @entity130 @entity1 , but the effect of @entity2332 on outcomes in @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ) has not been evaluated. The authors reviewed their experience from 1990 to 1999 in 100 consecutive @entity1 who presented with @entity1755 and survived at least to the operating room for surgical treatment. There were 70 @entity1 and 30 @entity1 , with a mean overall age of 74 +/-8 years. Overall mortality was 47%. Univariate ANOVA (analysis of variants) showed significant correlation with mortality for decreased intraoperative temperature, decreased intraoperative systolic blood pressure, increased intraoperative base deficit, increased blood volume transfused, increased crystalloid volume (all p < 0.001); decreased preoperative hemoglobin (p = 0.015); and increased age (p = 0.026). @entity1 sex, initial preoperative temperature, preoperative systolic blood pressure, and operating room time were not correlated with mortality in the univariate analysis. Using these same clinical variables, multiple logistic regression analysis showed only 2 factors independently correlated with mortality: lowest intraoperative temperature (p = 0.006) and intraoperative base deficit (p = 0.009). The mean lowest temperature for survivors was 35 +/-1 degrees C and for nonsurvivors 33 +/-2 degrees C (p < 0.001). When @entity1 were grouped by lowest intraoperative temperature, those whose temperature was < 32 degrees C (n = 15) had a mortality rate of 91%, whereas @entity1 with a temperature between 32 and 35 degrees C (n = 50) had a mortality rate of 60%. In the group that remained at or > 35 degrees C (n = 35) the mortality rate was only 9%. A nomogram of predicted mortality versus temperature was constructed from these data and showed that for temperatures of 36, 34, and 32 degrees C the predicted mortality was 15%, 49%, and 84%, respectively. The authors conclude that @entity2332 is a strong independent contributor to mortality in @entity1 with @entity1755 and that very aggressive measures to prevent @entity2332 are warranted during the resuscitation and treatment of these @entity1 .

title: @entity2332 is an independent predictor of mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['RAAA', 'ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']