abstract: @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) of occipital cortex was performed using a magneto-electric stimulator with a maximum output of 2 Tesla in 24 normal volunteers. The identification of trigrams, presented for 14 ms in horizontal or vertical arrays was significantly impaired when the visual stimulus preceded the occipital magnetic shock by 40 to 120 ms. The extent of impairment was related to @entity9808 intensity. The latency of @entity73 was shorter for more intense @entity9808 . No @entity73 was obtained by "sham" stimulation when @entity9808 shocks were applied to the upper cervical region rather than the occipital region to rule out unspecific startle reactions affecting attention possibly responsible for the observed reduction in performance. Occipital @entity9808 did not evoke @entity1319 except for blink responses at latencies beyond 40 ms which were too late to interfere with visual input. Depending on the required serial order of readout of the trigram @entity73 was more marked for the second and third part of the trigram. This demonstrates that @entity9808 interferes with the internal serial processing of visual input. To elucidate this further, @entity9808 was used in a Sternberg short term visual memory scanning task. @entity9808 caused a marked decrease in memory scanning rates whereas visual stimulus encoding and storage remained unaffected when tested at various @entity9808 delays. @entity9808 appears to be a useful method to study processes of @entity227 and short term memory handling in the occipital cortex. Advantages over classical visual masking techniques especially regarding topical localisation are discussed.

title: XXXX scanning by transcranial magnetic stimulation of occipital cortex.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['perceptual impairment']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'Transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual perception']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['systematic eye movements']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Impairment of visual perception and visual short term memory']


abstract: These studies show that the potent, non-specific, protein kinase inhibitor, @entity866 , disrupts @entity141 homeostasis in cultured @entity291 adrenal chromaffin cells. @entity866 treatment reduces basal and @entity3365 -stimulated @entity2922 release from chromaffin cells, but does not inhibit activated @entity141 influx. Furthermore, pretreatment with @entity866 also reduces @entity141 -stimulated @entity2922 release from @entity11040 -permeabilized cells (t1/2, 40.6 min; IC50, 66.0 nm). However, @entity866 does not inhibit the rise in intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) in response to @entity1239 stimulation as measured by @entity593 photometry. These studies demonstrate that @entity866 interferes with the secretory process at some step at or after the rise in [ @entity141 ]i in adrenal chromaffin cells. Examination of the effects of @entity866 on 45Ca2+ movement shows that @entity866 produces a slowly developing basal 45 @entity141 accumulation; after 30 min no significant change is observed, but by 120 min, 45 @entity141 accumulation is increased by 29.5%. @entity2426 and @entity62838 ( @entity45070 ), inhibitors of @entity141 ATPases, were used to determine whether @entity866 induced 45Ca2+ accumulation results from sequestration of 45Ca2+ within intracellular stores. While @entity2426 has no significant effect, concomitant treatment with @entity45070 prevents the increase in 45 @entity141 uptake associated with @entity866 treatment. Therefore, the @entity45070 -sensitive @entity141 store, but not the @entity2426 / @entity671 -sensitive @entity141 store, appears to be @entity866 -sensitive. Overall, these studies indicate that @entity866 reduces @entity2922 release by interfering with @entity141 homeostasis. Furthermore, this work suggests that a @entity866 -sensitive phosphoprotein(s) is involved with the regulation of @entity141 homeostasis in @entity291 adrenal chromaffin cells.

title: XXXX affects calcium homeostasis in cultured @entity291 adrenal chromaffin cells.

entities_list: @entity62838 :: ('MESH:C019359', 'Chemical') :: ['2,5-di-(tert-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity11040 :: ('MESH:D004072', 'Chemical') :: ['digitonin']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['Thapsigargin', 'thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['Staurosporine', 'staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity866 :: (MESH:D019311,Chemical) :: ['Staurosporine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity281 is a common complication after orthopaedic surgery. It can be associated with increased morbidity rate and social cost. The accurate identification of risk factors is essential so that strategies to prevent these potentially devastating @entity281 can be developed. We have conducted this study to determine the possible risk factors for the surgical site @entity281 . OBJECTIVES: We aimed at finding exhaustive evidence concerning the potential risk factors for @entity281 in orthopaedic surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between October 2009 and December 2011, we identified 84 @entity1 with a superficial and/or deep @entity281 and compared them with 203 uninfected @entity1 (control group), taken out from a series of 486 @entity1 . We considered the following risk factors: @entity6 , BMI >30, ASA Score of 3 or 4, smoking and age. RESULTS: The most frequently performed operations of the 287 examined @entity1 were the knee and hip arthroplasties (n = 32, 11.14%) and open @entity174 reductions (n = 178, 62.02%). @entity794 was the most common identified pathogen (n = 63, 75%). The analyses (preoperative and postoperative) of the infected @entity1 showed them to have significantly high serum @entity413 levels in comparison with the control group (odds ratio = 8.7). We found a significant high rate of @entity281 in @entity1 smoking for more than 20 years (67 @entity1 , 79.7%). The remaining variables (BMI, OR = 2.21; ASA score, OR = 1.3) showed no significant differences between the study group and controls. We also found a correlation between > 65-year-old @entity1 and @entity281 at the surgical site (61 @entity1 , 72.6%). CONCLUSION: We found that there was correlation between @entity6 , smoking and age as risk factors with the development of @entity281 at the surgical site; other variables such as the ASA score and BMI are not relevant here (contrary to what is reported in literature). We believe that postoperative results can be improved considerably with a properly conducted antibiotic treatment, stringent glycemic control (achievable only with careful multidisciplinary management) and good compliance of @entity1 .

title: @entity281 In Orthopaedic Surgery: Correlation Between Age, XXXX , Smoke And Surgical Risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus Aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical site infection', 'infection', 'infections', 'surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: The authors present a retrospective analysis over a period of 15 years with a minimum follow-up of 18 months. 34 @entity1 were under the age of 10. In terms of diagnosis and therapeutic indications, intravenous urography remains the basic examination. Two other investigations are extremely valuable: retrograde cystography, in particular in the @entity1 , to seek associated vesico-renal reflux and echography, in particular as a harmless means of regular surveillance, both for @entity3041 which have been operated upon and those which have not. Seventy five @entity1 did not undergo surgery and only 25 could be regularly followed up. In contrast to widely accepted ideas, 4 worsened considerably. Only 13 nephrectomies were performed at the outset, including six partial because of double/bifid kidney/ureter. There were thus only 6.7% of total nephrectomies at the outset. Despite this resolutely conservative attitude, there was only one secondary nephrectomy for @entity9279 despite a good result of P.U.J. plasty. Renal biopsies confirmed that the renal parenchyma was usually normal, even in the presence of very marked @entity3041 , in the absence of @entity281 . The results of conservative surgery were good in 83% of cases, thereby justifying the resolutely conservative attitude of the authors. 92 plasties of the pelvi-ureteric junction revealed the rarity (15.2%) of @entity3041 due to abnormal polar vessel and the relative prevalence (29.5%) of @entity509 of the first few millimetres of the lumbar ureter distal to the P.U.J.

title: [ XXXX due to abnormality of the pelvi-ureteric junction (P.U.J.). Based upon 162 cases representing 181 P.U.J. syndromes (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis', 'hydronephroses']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['lithiasis']

answer: @entity3041 :: (MESH:D006869,Disease) :: ['Hydronephrosis']


abstract: 85 @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have been studied retrospectively. 25 of them died within the 40th day after admission. Serum CK release during @entity583 can be described by the logistic equation: (formula: see text). We have evaluated for each @entity1 both the final @entity1188 size (calculated at the time of maximal enzyme activity: Tmax) and the initial one (calculated at the inflection time of the curve: Tflex). The total enzyme release in 1 ml of blood has been considered as an indirect index of @entity1188 size. Our results show a good correlation between the initial and the final @entity1188 size. We have considered as limits between survivors and non-survivors the following values: 2.2 IU/ml and 0.6 IU/ml for total CK release at Tmax and at Tflex respectively. The percentage of mortality in those groups is very similar (69% and 75%). However only 38% of non-survivors shows higher values than both 2.2 IU/ml and 0.6 IU/ml. The calculation of @entity1188 size at Tflex allows an early identification of the high risk @entity1 .

title: [Relationships between the initial area of necrosis and prognosis of acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: Infiltration of leucocyte populations into sites of @entity32 is a common feature in @entity8 . Glomerular mesangial cells are potent producers of a variety of chemokines, leading to specific attraction of distinct types of inflammatory leucocytes into the glomerulus, but so far there is limited knowledge about the responsiveness of mesangial cells to chemokines. We investigated the expression of chemokine receptors and the responsiveness of primary @entity1 mesangial cells (HMC) to the chemokines which they produce, namely @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) and @entity687 . We found that mRNAs of the chemokine receptors @entity16951 , which has been shown before, @entity9172 and @entity7416 were induced by T-helper cytokine @entity379 ( @entity379 ). In @entity379 -stimulated cells, @entity9172 and @entity7416 were detectable by flow cytometry. Following treatment with @entity379 , HMC responded to @entity2842 and @entity687 with an increase of @entity650 mRNA and protein expression, which was in part blocked by pertussis toxin. Moreover, chemokine stimulation of transfected HMC led to an activation of the immunoregulatory transcription factors NFkappaB and AP-1. Additionally, we found that @entity2842 enhanced the expression of its own mRNA in cells activated to express @entity9172 , suggesting autocrine feedback mechanisms in @entity2842 regulation. Finally, @entity379 -activated cells migrated towards an @entity2842 gradient in a chemotaxis assay. These results strengthen the assumption that chemokines are not only involved in the recruitment of immune cells to inflamed tissues, but also seem to play a central role in the autocrine regulation of local tissue cells, leading to proceeding @entity32 and possibly contributing to healing by mediating cell growth and migration.

title: XXXX induces functional chemokine receptor expression in @entity1 mesangial cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFNgamma', 'interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['IFNgamma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyse retrospectively the pooled results after pelvic exenteration for locally advanced T4 @entity5 . Historically, @entity1 with @entity5 requiring pelvic exenteration have been offered only palliative surgery or no operation. METHODS: The basic treatment principle was preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy, radical surgery and, in some @entity1 , adjuvant chemotherapy. Risk factors for local recurrence, distant metastases and overall survival were studied in univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: Ninety-five @entity1 with T4 @entity5 who underwent pelvic exenteration in two tertiary referral centres up to 2013 were studied. Clear margins (R0) were achieved in 87   per  cent of @entity1 . Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 33   per  cent, independent of the resection margin, lymph node status and postoperative T category. The 5-year local recurrence rate was 17   per  cent, with a distant @entity3 rate of 16   per  cent and overall survival rate of 62   per  cent. In multivariable analysis the only factor associated with @entity204 was omission of adjuvant chemotherapy (P   =   0  016). The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy was more pronounced in the elderly: @entity1 aged over 70 years who had chemotherapy had a 5-year overall survival rate of 80   per  cent, compared with 39   per  cent of elderly @entity1 who did not receive chemotherapy (P   =   0  019). CONCLUSION: Pelvic exenteration led to an R0 resection rate of 87   per  cent for T4 @entity5 , giving good local control and overall survival comparable to population-based @entity14 . Adjuvant chemotherapy may improve overall survival further, even in the elderly.

title: Survival after pelvic exenteration for T4 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T4 rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer survival rates']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Bones are among the major parts of the body that are targeted in @entity5 . @entity79 increasing in number and size and diffuse @entity170 are found in 30-80% of @entity5 @entity1 . All literature data about the pathogenetic factors of osteolytic and @entity79 are classified into four groups: 1. Directly connected with the @entity5 mass. 2. Humoral interaction between the @entity5 cells and bone cells. 3. Systemic effects and complications of the neoplastic process. 4. Extracancerous factors. We discuss here the basic pathogenetic forms of @entity79 in @entity5 : 1. Local @entity3061 in the area of neoplastic infiltration. 2. Humorally activated demineralisation with @entity2741 . 3. Light chain @entity4772 . 4. @entity4772 . We consider the major current biochemical markers of bone remodelling and their use in diagnosing and monitoring @entity79 in @entity5 .

title: XXXX in malignant diseases--I. Current concepts of major pathogenetic mechanisms and forms.

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia', 'osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasias', 'cancer', 'neoplastic tumour', 'neoplastic conditions', 'neoplastic diseases', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions', 'osteosclerotic bone lesions', 'bone disease', 'Bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['Bone lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to expand the MIC database for @entity19323 in order to further determine its antifungal susceptibility pattern. METHODS: The activities of @entity2379 , @entity2380 , @entity2059 , @entity5074 and @entity4895 were determined in vitro against 80 clinical isolates of @entity19323 . A set of 59 clinical isolates of @entity5132 and of 51 isolates of @entity7408 was included to compare the susceptibilities to @entity2379 . The MICs were determined by Etest with RPMI 1640 agar, and with both this medium and antibiotic medium 3 ( @entity40319 ) agar for testing of @entity2379 . RESULTS: All isolates were highly susceptible to @entity2380 . The susceptibility to @entity2059 was good; only 4% of isolates had dose-dependent susceptibility (MICs 0.25-0.5 mg/L). @entity5074 was very active in vitro (100% of isolates were inhibited at < or =0.094 mg/L). @entity4895 MICs ranged widely (0.004->32 mg/L). The set included 19% of @entity4895 -resistant isolates. For @entity2379 , 100% of isolates were inhibited at < or =0.75 mg/L (MIC(50) 0.047 mg/L; MIC(90) 0.19 mg/L) and at < or =4 mg/L (MIC(50) 0.25 mg/L; MIC(90) 0.75 mg/L) on RPMI and on @entity40319 , respectively. A single isolate was categorized as resistant to @entity2379 (MIC 0.75 and 4 mg/L on RPMI and on @entity40319 , respectively). @entity2379 thus appeared very active in vitro against @entity19323 . Whatever the test medium, the level of susceptibility of @entity19323 to @entity2379 did not differ much from those of @entity5132 and @entity7408 . CONCLUSION: @entity19323 appears to be susceptible to @entity2379 , @entity5638 antifungal agents, and, to a lesser extent, @entity4895 .

title: Susceptibility of clinical isolates of XXXX to five systemic antifungal agents.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['C. glabrata', 'Candida glabrata']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['Flucytosine', 'flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['Voriconazole', 'voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity19323 :: ('36911', 'Species') :: ['Candida lusitaniae', 'C. lusitaniae']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity19323 :: (36911,Species) :: ['Candida lusitaniae']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the impact of the carotid plaque type on recurrent @entity543 , future @entity65 and @entity1 ' survival. DESIGN: open prospective study. @entity1 AND METHODS: three hundred and eight @entity1 who underwent a total of 338 carotid endarterectomies were included in the study. All of the @entity1 were evaluated postoperatively with clinical examination and colour duplex 1 month after the operation and every 6 months thereafter. Mean duration of follow-up was 63 months (range: 12-144). Eight @entity1 (3%) were lost to follow-up. Restenoses, @entity65 and @entity204 were recorded and analysed with regard to the traditional risk factors and the ultrasonographic characteristics of the plaques. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, the log rank test and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: cumulative restenosis rate at 10 years of follow-up was 21% and was associated with @entity453 (p=0.01) and echolucent plaques (p=0.02). Life-table analysis showed a 10-year survival rate of 64% and a 10-year rate of @entity65 of 41%. @entity101 (p=0.003), @entity453 (p=0.002) and echolucent plaques (p=0.01) were associated with a higher incidence of @entity65 .

title: The impact of the carotid plaque type on restenosis and future XXXX : a 12-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular events']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Over-expression of @entity588 , @entity1836 and @entity6577 is frequently associated with @entity5 resistance to chemotherapy. Navitoclax ( @entity6576 ), an orally bio-available small-molecule mimetic of the @entity588 homology domain 3, specifically inhibits @entity588 , @entity1836 , and @entity6577 . Despite promising results obtained from the clinical trials, the use of Navitoclax in @entity1 is dose-limited due to induction of death of platelets via inhibition of @entity1836 and subsequent @entity882 . This side effect limits the use of Navitoclax in low doses and to very sensitive @entity5 . In this study, we show that @entity2662 -associated @entity6494 ( @entity6494 ) cells, which over-express @entity588 , @entity1836 , and @entity6577 , show a 10 to 20-fold higher sensitivity (EC50 =     25-50 nM) to Navitoclax compared to non- @entity2662 -associated leukemic cells (EC50 =     1  M). Investigation of the molecular mechanisms revealed that the @entity2662 oncogenic protein @entity49084 up-regulates expression of the pro-apoptotic protein @entity589 which enhances the therapeutic efficacy of Navitoclax. In addition, we show that agents that inhibit the transcription elongation or translation initiation such as @entity42095 and Roc-A can further decrease the effective dose of Navitoclax. Our study suggests that @entity2662 @entity6494 may be a good candidate disease for low dose Navitoclax therapy and probably with less risk of @entity882 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX -associated @entity6494 cell leukemia is highly susceptible to Navitoclax due to enhanced @entity589 expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma', 'ATL']

answer: @entity2662 :: (11908,Species) :: ['HTLV-1']


abstract: The function of the @entity19 submaxillary gland/prolactin inducible protein ( @entity63705 / @entity63705 ), the homologue of the @entity1 @entity4552 ( @entity4552 )/prolactin inducible protein ( @entity4552 ) remains unknown. The @entity1 gene, normally expressed in apocrine glands of healthy individuals, is aberrantly expressed in @entity1 @entity0 where it is regulated by hormones including @entity3800 , and in @entity263 . We have previously reported that in the adult @entity19 and @entity35 , gene expression is tissue-specific for the salivary and lacrimal glands, and is hormonally regulated. In this study, we examine the endogenous pattern of @entity19 @entity63705 / @entity63705 ( @entity63705 / @entity63705 ) gene expression in mid- and late-embryonic, and in early postnatal development. Gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR followed by Southern blot analysis, and by in situ hybridization. Gene expression was detected in the submandibular gland as early as embryonic day 14 (E14), a period that coincides with the initiation of submandibular gland development in the embryo, suggesting that @entity63705 / @entity63705 may have a functional role in the developing gland. Nearing the end of gestation, E18, @entity63705 / @entity63705 transcripts were localized in the proacinar cells of the gland, and gene expression continued to be maintained following birth. In addition, during early postnatal development, @entity63705 / @entity63705 gene expression was detected in the other two major salivary glands, the sublingual and parotid, as well as in the lacrimal gland and in reproductive tissues. In the prostate, gene expression was turned off by 10 weeks of age. The spatial and temporal pattern of the @entity63705 / @entity63705 gene expression, in addition to our recent demonstration that @entity63705 / @entity63705 is found in @entity19 saliva and can bind bacteria, suggest that this protein may have a protective role in the @entity19 .

title: Expression of the XXXX homologue for the @entity1 @entity4552 / @entity4552 gene during pre- and early post-natal development.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity4552 :: ('5304', 'Gene') :: ['GCDFP-15', 'gross cystic disease fluid protein 15', 'hPIP']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3 (Lee 2012) on @entity1 positioning (mobilisation) and bracing for @entity158 relief and spinal stability in adults with metastatic @entity1745 .Many @entity1 with metastatic @entity1745 (MSCC) have spinal instability, but their clinician has determined that due to their advanced disease they are unsuitable for surgical internal fixation. Mobilising may be hazardous in the presence of spinal instability as further @entity891 can occur. Current guidance on positioning (whether a @entity1 should be managed with bed rest or allowed to mobilise) and whether spinal bracing is helpful, is contradictory. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correct positioning and examine the effects of spinal bracing to relieve @entity158 or to prevent further @entity891 in @entity1 with MSCC. SEARCH METHODS: For this update, we searched for relevant studies from February 2012 to 31 March 2015. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and MEDLINE In Process, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, TRIP, SIGN, NICE, UK Clinical Research Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse and PEDro database. We also searched the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT), ClinicalTrials.gov, UK Clinical Trials Gateway (UKCTG), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR).For the original version, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CANCERLIT, NICE, SIGN, AMED, TRIP, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and PEDro database, in February 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with MSCC of interventions on positioning (mobilisation) and bracing. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed each possible study for inclusion and quality. MAIN RESULTS: For the original version of the review, we screened 1611 potentially relevant studies. No studies met the inclusion criteria. Many papers identified the importance of mobilisation, but no RCTs of bed rest versus mobilisation have been undertaken. We identified no RCTs of bracing in MSCC.For this update, we identified 347 potential titles. We screened 300 titles and abstracts after removal of duplicates. We did not identify any additional studies for inclusion. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Since publication of the original version of this review, no new studies were found and our conclusions remain unchanged.There is a lack of evidence-based guidance around how to correctly position and when to mobilise @entity1 with MSCC or if spinal bracing is an effective technique for reducing @entity158 or improving quality of life. RCTs are required in this important area.

title: Positioning and spinal bracing for XXXX relief in metastatic @entity1745 in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral collapse']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity1082 ) is responsible for one of the most frequent @entity2953 . The first phylogenetic analysis was based on a LCR region fragment. Nowadays, 4 variants are known: African ( @entity16201 , Af-2), Asian-American (AA) and European (E). However the existence of sub-lineages of the European variant havs been proposed, specific mutations in the E6 and LCR sequences being possibly related to persistent @entity1800 . The aim of this study was a phylogenetic study of @entity1799 sequences of endocervical samples from Cordoba, in order to detect the circulating lineages and analyze the presence of mutations that could be correlated with @entity5 . The phylogenetic analysis determined that 86% of the samples belonged to the E variant, 7% to @entity16201 and the remaining 7% to @entity1605 . The most frequent mutation in LCR sequences was @entity66434 , in 80% of the analyzed samples; it affects the binding site of a transcription factor that could contribute to @entity105 . In the E6 sequences, the most common mutation was @entity66435 ( @entity45589 ), detected in 67% of the samples, associated with increased risk of persistent @entity281 . The high detection rate of the European lineage correlated with patterns of @entity1 migration. This study emphasizes the importance of recognizing circulating lineages, as well as the detection of mutations associated with high-grade @entity1313 that could be correlated to the development of @entity75 .

title: Mutation Detection of E6 and LCR Genes from XXXX Associated with @entity105 .

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infections']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity45589 :: ('p|SUB|L|83|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L83V']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['HPV 16']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared outcomes in @entity1 treated with radio frequency ablation or partial nephrectomy for clinical cT1b @entity1358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all @entity1 who underwent radio frequency ablation or nephrectomy between February 2006  and December 2010. Radiographic followup with contrast imaging was performed 7 days, 3 and 6 months, and every 6 months thereafter after radio frequency ablation sequentially. The followup protocol for partial nephrectomy was every 6 months in the initial 3 years and annually thereafter. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate survival curves, which were compared with the log rank test. Multivariable regression analysis was done to determine predictors of survival. RESULTS: A total of 56 @entity1 who met selection criteria were included in study. @entity1 in the radio frequency ablation group had relatively higher mean age and a higher mean ASA   score than those in the partial nephrectomy group. Mean @entity5 diameter was significantly larger in the partial nephrectomy cohort. For radio frequency ablation vs partial nephrectomy 5-year overall, cancer specific and disease-free survival was 85.5% (95% CI 72.2-98.8) vs 96.6% (95% CI  95.9-97.3), 92.6% (95% CI 82.4-98.1) vs 96.6% (95% CI 95.9-97.3) and 81.0% (95% CI 66.2-95.8) vs 89.7% (95% CI 78.5-97.9), respectively. The percent decrease in the glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower in the radio frequency ablation group at early and last followup. CONCLUSIONS: In appropriately selected @entity1 with stage cT1b @entity1358 radio frequency ablation is an effective treatment option that provides 5-year overall, cancer specific and disease-free survival comparable to that of partial nephrectomy as well as better renal function preservation than partial nephrectomy.

title: Radio Frequency Ablation versus Partial Nephrectomy for Clinical T1b XXXX : Long-Term Clinical and Oncologic Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that a low @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is associated with a higher risk of mortality. Most studies have investigated this relationship in @entity1 only and presented their risk estimates per standard deviation change in @entity79 . However, when using this approach, a @entity79 threshold might be missed when relative risks are presented in the traditional manner. Therefore, in this study our aim was to model the relation between @entity79 and all-cause mortality. In the Rotterdam Study, follow-up was complete for 5819 @entity1 and @entity1 aged > or =55 years for whom @entity79 data were available. During an average follow-up of 5.4 years, 399 @entity1 and 317 @entity1 died. We calculated @entity79 Z scores using measurements performed at the femoral neck. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to fit the model. An average @entity79 , reflected by a Z score = 0, was used as the reference. For @entity1 , no significant relationship between @entity79 and overall mortality was observed. For @entity1 , however, a cubic model best fitted the relationship under study, also after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). The risk of mortality increased when @entity79 was below average. Similar results were found when separate curves were made for @entity6 and nondiabetics, smokers (ever or never), and tertiles of BMI. Excluding subjects who had suffered @entity173 , or adjusting for the number of drugs used and for @entity717 , essentially did not change results. This suggests that low @entity79 is not mainly due to morbidity and impaired mobility in our cohort, which makes this a less likely explanation for the observed relation with mortality. The results of our study suggest that, in @entity1 , a nonlinear relationship between @entity79 and mortality exists, which is independent of comorbidity, whereas, in @entity1 , no significant relationship was observed.

title: Bone mineral density and mortality in elderly XXXX and @entity1 : the Rotterdam Study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: AIM: Systemic pharmacotherapies have limitation due to blood-labyrinth barrier, so local delivery via the round window membrane opens a path for effective treatment. Multifunctional nanoparticle (NP)-mediated cell specific drug delivery may enhance efficacy and reduce side effects. Different NPs with ligands to target @entity12715 receptor were tested. Distribution, uptake mechanisms, trafficking, and bioefficacy of drug release of @entity7428 loaded NPs were evaluated. METHODS: We tested lipid based nanocapsules (LNCs), Quantum Dot, @entity3440 NPs with surface modification by peptides mimicking @entity12715 or @entity12715 activating antibodies. Bioefficacy of drug release was tested with @entity7428 loaded LNCs to prevent @entity900 -induced apoptosis. We established different cell culture models with SH-SY-5Y and inner ear derived cell lines and used neonatal and adult @entity19 explants. Uptake and trafficking was evaluated with FACS and confocal as well as transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Plain NPs show some selectivity in uptake related to the in vitro system properties, carrier material, and NP size. Some peptide ligands provide enhanced targeted uptake to neuronal cells but failed to show this in cell cultures. Agonistic antibodies linked to @entity3440 NPs showed @entity12715 activation and enhanced binding to inner ear derived cells. @entity7428 loaded LNCs proved as effective carriers to prevent @entity900 -induced apoptosis. DISCUSSION: Most NPs with targeting ligands showed limited effects to enhance uptake. NP aggregation and unspecific binding may change uptake mechanisms and impair endocytosis by an overload of NPs. This may affect survival signaling. NPs with antibodies activate survival signaling and show effective binding to @entity12715 positive cells but needs further optimization for specific internalization. Bioefficiacy of @entity7428 release confirms LNCs as encouraging vectors for drug delivery of lipophilic agents to the inner ear with ideal release characteristics independent of endocytosis.

title: Nanoparticle mediated drug delivery of XXXX to tyrosine kinase B positive cells in the inner ear with targeting peptides and agonistic antibodies.

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['Rolipram', 'rolipram']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity7428 :: (MESH:D020889,Chemical) :: ['rolipram']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Shared decision-making (SDM) between @entity1 and their physicians is associated with improved @entity6 health outcomes. African-Americans have less SDM than Whites, which may contribute to @entity6 racial disparities. To date, there has been little research on SDM among African-Americans. OBJECTIVE: We explored the barriers and facilitators to SDM among African-Americans with @entity6 . METHODS: Qualitative research design with a phenomenological methodology using in-depth interviews (n = 24) and five focus groups (n = 27). Each interview/focus group was audio-taped and transcribed verbatim, and coding was conducted using an iterative process. @entity1 : We utilized a purposeful sample of African-American adult @entity1 with @entity6 . All @entity1 had insurance and received their care at an academic medical center. RESULTS: @entity1 identified multiple SDM barriers/facilitators, including the @entity1 /provider power imbalance that was perceived to be exacerbated by race. @entity1 -related factors included health literacy, fear/denial, family experiences and self-efficacy. Reported physician-related barriers/facilitators include @entity1 education, validating @entity1 experiences, medical knowledge, accessibility and availability, and interpersonal skills. DISCUSSION: Barriers/facilitators of SDM exist among African-Americans with @entity6 , which can be effectively addressed in the outpatient setting. Primary care physicians, particularly academic internists, may be uniquely situated to address these barriers/facilitators and train future physicians to do so as well.

title: Barriers and facilitators to shared decision-making among African-Americans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: In many @entity299 , exercise tolerance testing (ETT) has useful functional correlates and/or prognostic value. However, its predictive value in @entity339 ( @entity339 ) is undefined. To determine whether ETT descriptors predict @entity204 or indications for mitral valve surgery in @entity1 with @entity339 , we prospectively followed, for 7 +/- 3 end-point-free years, a cohort of 38 @entity1 with chronic severe nonischemic @entity339 who underwent modified Bruce ETT; all lacked surgical indications at study entry. Their baseline exercise descriptors were also compared with those from 46 @entity1 with severe @entity339 who, at entry, already had reached surgical indications. End points during follow-up in the cohort included @entity944 (n = 1), @entity712 (n = 2), @entity955 (n = 4), left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <60% (n = 2), LV systolic dimensions > or =45 mm (n = 12) and >40 mm (n = 11), LV ejection fraction <60% plus LV systolic dimensions > or =45 mm (n = 3), and @entity712 plus LV systolic dimensions > or =45 mm plus LV ejection fraction <60% (n = 1). In univariate analysis, exercise duration (p = 0.004), chronotropic response (p = 0.007), percent predicted peak heart rate (p = 0.01), and heart rate recovery (p <0.02) predicted events; in multivariate analysis, only exercise duration was predictive (p <0.02). Average annual event risk was fivefold lower (4.62%) with an exercise duration > or =15 versus <15 minutes (average annual risk 23.48%, p = 0.004). Relative risks in @entity1 with and without exercise-inducible ST-segment @entity308 were comparable (< or =1.3, p = NS) whether defined at entry and/or during follow-up. Exercise duration, but not prevalence of exercise-inducible ST-segment @entity308 , was lower (p <0.001) in @entity1 with surgical indications at entry versus initially end-point-free @entity1 . In conclusion, in asymptomatic @entity1 with chronic severe nonischemic @entity339 and no objective criteria for operation, progression to surgical indications generally is rapid. However, those with excellent exercise tolerance have a relatively benign course. Exercise-inducible ST-segment @entity308 has no prognostic value in this population.

title: Prognostic value of exercise tolerance testing in asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure symptoms', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['chronic nonischemic mitral regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies demonstrated that mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are able to prevent @entity296 , and left ventricular (LV) remodeling in @entity1 with systolic @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and mild symptoms. @entity67 ( @entity67 ) should be influenced by anti-fibrotic interventions. We have assessed the effects of @entity1482 on @entity67 and its components, aortic elastance (Ea) and end-systolic LV elastance (Ees), in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Changes from baseline in @entity67 were compared between 65 @entity1 treated with @entity1482 and 32 controls not receiving MRAs. All @entity1 had @entity712 , reduced LVEF with reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I-II symptoms, and underwent transthoracic echocardiography at baseline and after 6  months. @entity67 was estimated by the modified single-beat method as Ea/Ees. Parameters of LV function improved after 6  month treatment with @entity1482 with an increase in the LVEF from 34      8 to 39      8  % (p  <  0.001). @entity1482 increased Ees from 1.32      0.38 to 1.57      0.42  mmHg/mL (p  <  0.001) and reduced @entity67 from 2.03      0.59 to 1.66      0.31 (p  <  0.001), but did not affect Ea and V0 (LV volume at end-systolic pressure of 0  mmHg). No change in any of these parameters occurred in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: 6-month therapy with @entity1482 improved @entity67 mainly through its effect on Ees in @entity1 with mild @entity712 .

title: Effects of @entity1482 on ventricular-arterial coupling in XXXX with chronic @entity712 and mild symptoms.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial and vascular fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular-arterial coupling', 'VAC']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone', 'Spironolactone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a @entity66 whose etiology remains unclear. It is already known that circulation of soluble fms-like @entity669 kinase-1 (sFlt-1) is directly involved in @entity1468 development. However, the molecular mechanisms involved with sFlt-1 shedding are still unidentified. We identified, quantified glycosaminoglycans and determined the enzymatic activity of heparanase in placentas of @entity1 with @entity1468 , in order to possibly explain if these compounds could be related to cellular processes involved with @entity1468 . METHODS: A total of 45 samples collected from placentas, 15 samples from placentas of @entity1468 @entity1 and 30 samples from non-affected @entity1 . Heparan @entity597 and dermatan @entity597 were identified and quantified by agarose gel electrophoresis, whilst @entity4023 was quantified by an ELISA like assay. Heparanase activity was determined using biotynilated heparan @entity597 as substrate. RESULTS: The results showed that dermatan @entity597 (P=0.019), heparan @entity597 levels (P=0.015) and heparanase activity (P=0.006) in @entity1468 were significantly higher than in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups for hyaluronic acid expression in placentas (P=0.110). The present study is the first to demonstrate directly the increase of heparan @entity597 in @entity1 placentas from @entity1 with @entity1468 , suggesting that endogenous heparan @entity597 could be involved in the release of sFlt-1 from placenta, increasing the level of circulating sFlt-1. CONCLUSION: Alterations of extracellular matrix components in placentas with @entity1468 raise the possibility that heparan @entity597 released by heparanase is involved in mechanisms of @entity1468 development.

title: Evaluation of glycosaminoglycans and heparanase in placentas of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem disorder']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: To facilitate association-based linkage studies we have studied the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype architecture around five genes of interest for @entity5 risk: @entity14050 , @entity5345 , @entity2674 , @entity6545 , and @entity876 . Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and used to construct haplotypes that span 93-200 kb per locus with an average SNP density of 12 kb. These markers were genotyped in four ethnically defined populations that contained 48 each of African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and European Americans. Haplotypes were inferred using an expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, and the data were analyzed using D', R(2), Fisher's exact P-values, and the four-gamete test for recombination. LD levels varied widely between loci from continuously high LD across 200 kb to a virtual absence of LD across a similar length of genome. LD structure also varied at each gene and between populations studied. This variation indicates that the success of linkage-based studies will require a precise description of LD at each locus and in each population to be studied. One striking consistency between genes was that at each locus a modest number of haplotypes present in each population accounted for a high fraction of the total number of chromosomes. We conclude that each locus has its own genomic profile with regard to LD, and despite this there is the widespread trend of relatively low haplotype diversity. As a result, a low marker density should be adequate to identify haplotypes that represent the common variation at a locus, thereby decreasing costs and increasing efficacy of association studies.

title: Haplotype and linkage disequilibrium architecture for human XXXX -associated genes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1787 is an unstable gas, capable of oxidizing any biological entity. It is an effective bactericide in its gaseous as well as aqueous form. AIMS: The objective of this study was to determine the in-situ antimicrobial effect of 0.1 ppm ozonated water on plaque and salivary microorganisms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 24 h old @entity527 ( @entity527 ) was collected from the two most posterior teeth in the contralateral quadrants before and after a 30 s rinse with either distilled water (control group) or 0.1 ppm ozonated water (test group). Simultaneously @entity15531 ( @entity15531 ) was collected for both groups. The @entity527 and @entity15531 were stained with LIVE/DEAD Baclight Bacteria Viability fluorescent kit to visualize live and dead microbes. The salivary flow rate, @entity460 and protein level were also determined in the pre- and post-rinsed samples. The data obtained was subjected to One Way ANOVA test using Minitab 14 statistical software (PA, USA). RESULTS: 0.1 ppm ozonated water was found effective in reducing the bacterial load in both the 24 h plaque and @entity15531 samples, but it did not eliminate them completely. In addition, there was no statistically significant effect of the ozonated water rinse on the salivary flow rate, salivary @entity460 and protein concentration. CONCLUSIONS: 0.1 ppm ozonated water rinse can be an effective adjunct to tooth brushing and flossing to maintain plaque and salivary bacterial load.

title: Qualitative analyses of the antimicrobial effect of ozonated water on XXXX and salivary microbes.

entities_list: @entity15531 :: ('MESH:C531766', 'Disease') :: ['SWS', 'stimulated whole saliva']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['supragingival plaque', 'SP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity527 :: (MESH:D058225,Disease) :: ['supragingival plaque']


abstract: An 83-year-old @entity1 underwent computed tomography during a routine check-up due to a history of surgical treatment for @entity788 . Two @entity5 were detected in the anterior segment of the liver. A needle biopsy of the larger @entity5 was performed, and pathological examination showed that the @entity5 was a poorly differentiated @entity157 . Resection was not performed considering the @entity1 's poor physical condition. Thus, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation of the @entity5 were performed. Three months later, @entity41 of the larger lesion and multiple pulmonary metastases were detected. This time, continuous hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy was performed. Although the pulmonary metastases markedly reduced, @entity5 thrombi appeared in the right portal vein on computed tomography. Finally, @entity2857 was administered, which led to disappearance of the @entity5 thrombi and no other signs of recurrence 8 months after initiation of @entity2857 on computed tomography. Although @entity2857 administration has continued at reduced doses of 200 mg per day or less due to @entity101 , complete response has persisted for the past 34 months. It is noteworthy that @entity2857 has been given at reduced doses, but a long-term complete response is maintained in a @entity1 who had portal @entity5 thrombi and distant @entity3 . Herein, we present this rare case of advanced @entity157 controlled with reduced doses of @entity2857 following multidisciplinary therapy, describe our single center experience with @entity2857 use in @entity1 with @entity157 , and review previous reports that focused on dose reduction of @entity2857 .

title: Long-term complete response of advanced @entity157 treated with multidisciplinary therapy including reduced dose of XXXX : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) is becoming more and more popular in the evaluation of different @entity85 . The aim of this retrospective study was to document the prevalence and spectrum of MSKUS findings at the painful knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the studies of MSKUS that were performed for the evaluation of knee @entity158 during the previous 2 years at the Department of Radiology in Nazareth hospital were reviewed. Demographic and clinical parameters including age, gender, side, and MSKUS findings were documented. RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy-six @entity1 were included in the review. In 21 of them, both knees were evaluated at the same setting (total number of knees evaluated was 297). One hundred and forty-four knees were of the left side. Thirty-three pathologies were identified. 34% of the studies were negative. The most common MSKUS findings were medial meniscal tear ( @entity569 ) (20%), @entity8060 ( @entity8060 ) (16%), and @entity571 ( @entity571 ) (11%). Only one knee of all the knees evaluated in our study showed @entity603 . Fifty-three knees (18% of all the knees evaluated) had more than one imaging finding, mosty two and while some had three findings. The most common combination of findings was @entity569 and @entity8060 (8 knees), @entity569 with @entity571 (8 knees), and @entity569 with fluid (6 knee). In 67% of the @entity1 who had simultaneous bilateral knee evaluation, at least one knee had no abnormal findings and in 43%, both knees were negative. CONCLUSIONS: MSKUS has the potential for revealing huge spectrum of abnormalities. In nearly 90% of the positive studies, degenerative/mechanical abnormalities were reported, with @entity569 , @entity8060 , and osteoarthritic changes being the most common.

title: Ultrasonographic findings in a large series of @entity1 with knee XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal abnormalities']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the features of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation induced by @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ). METHODS: VSMCs of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 were cultured and treated with @entity1827 . @entity664 ( @entity664 ) gene expression was measured using both Northern blot and an enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS: @entity1827 resulted in an increase in @entity664 transcripts at 8 - 24 h; @entity664 levels were significantly higher in VSMCs treated with @entity1827 than in those not treated. However, VSMCs growth responses in SHR and WKY were different. Smooth muscle cells of SHR were hyper-responsive to @entity1827 . Maximal @entity664 mRNA levels were elevated 3.5-fold at 4 h of stimulation in WKY and 8-fold at 8h in SHR4. Moreover, the proliferation of VSMCs induced by @entity1827 was inhibited by antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (10 micromol/L AS- @entity664 ) but not sense @entity664 oligomers at the same concentrations, being reduced by 80% in SHR and 40% in WKY vs control, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of AS- @entity664 oligomers on SHR SMC proliferation is significantly greater than on WKY SMC proliferation. CONCLUSION: @entity1827 may be required for exaggerated vascular growth responses in SHR and @entity664 may be involved.

title: XXXX , an important mitogen of smooth muscle cells of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity1827 :: (24323(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Endothelin-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Study objectives were: 1) to describe the differences in the prevalence of CHD risk factors between Aboriginal @entity1 in a remote community and the general Australian population; and 2) to compare the predicted risks of CHD events between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. @entity1 : 681 Aboriginal adults aged 25 to 74 years. RESULTS: Aboriginal young adults had substantially higher prevalence of @entity6 compared to non-Aboriginal Australians. The prevalence ratios for @entity6 were 12.5, 5.6, 3.2, 1.3, and 0.73 for 25-, 35-, 45-, 55-, and 65- to 74-year-old females, respectively. The corresponding values for males were 12.1, 2.7, 2.9, 0.69, and 0.42. Young females had a higher prevalence of @entity28 , overweight, and abnormal waist circumference, while males and females 45 years and older tended to have a lower prevalence of overweight and abnormal waist circumference. Compared to the general population, Aboriginal adults had a lower prevalence of abnormal total @entity165 but a higher prevalence of abnormal HDL, @entity1674 , @entity101 , and smoking. The risk ratios of abnormal total @entity165 for females ages 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65-75 years were 0.38, 0.53, 0.48, 0.48, and 0.41, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Aboriginal @entity1 in the remote community experienced different levels of CHD risk predictors from the general Australian population. They had a lower prevalence of abnormal total @entity165 and a higher prevalence of abnormal HDL, smoking, @entity6 , and @entity101 .

title: @entity101 , dyslipidemia, body mass index, XXXX and smoking status in Aboriginal Australians in a remote community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between various suicide screening tools and clinical impression with subsequent @entity1 @entity146 admission and near-term adverse @entity341 ( @entity341 ) events. METHODS: We performed a prospective observational study of 50 @entity1 with suicidal ideation in the @entity341 . Subjects completed a series of @entity308 /suicide screening tools: the Columbia Suicide Severity Scale, SAD @entity1 scale, @entity1 Health Questionnaire 9, and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Clinicians were also asked about their impression on likelihood of @entity1 admission. Outcome measures were as follows: need for @entity146 hospital admission, prolonged stay at @entity146 facility, and any adverse events during @entity341 stay including need for unscheduled @entity146 or sedating medications, need for physical restraints, and need for intervention by security staff. RESULTS: The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, @entity1 Health Questionnaire 9, and Columbia Suicide Severity Scale did not significantly predict within- @entity341 adverse events or admissions to @entity146 facilities. Wald test for individual parameters at an a of .10 level found that @entity1 who were screened positive by their nurse had 3.37 times the odds of adverse within- @entity341 events; @entity1 with a positive SAD @entity1 score had 8.18 times the odds of @entity146 admission greater than 5 days. However, at the a of .05 level, no screening tools correlated with @entity1 @entity341 course or likelihood of @entity146 admission. CONCLUSION: Clinical impression alone and the suicide screening tools showed poor predictive value for near-term events. Data from this study highlight the need for the development of @entity341 -based suicide screening instruments capable of identifying those @entity1 with suicidal ideation at greatest risk.

title: Suicide screening tools and their association with near-term adverse events in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PERSONS', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The identification of antidepressant response predictors in @entity162 ( @entity162 ) may provide new potential enhancements in treatment selection. @entity1949 combined with light therapy ( @entity1051 +LT) can acutely reverse @entity308 symptoms and has been proposed as a model antidepressant treatment. This study aims at investigating the effect of @entity1051 +LT on effective connectivity and neural response in cortico-limbic circuitries during implicit processing of fearful and angry faces in @entity1 with @entity162 . fMRI and Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) were combined to study the effect of chronotherapeutics on neural responses in @entity23 ( @entity23 , n=35) and @entity162 @entity1 either responder (RBD, n=26) or non responder (nRBD, n=11) to 3 consecutive @entity1051 +LT sessions. Twenty-four DCMs exploring connectivity between @entity550 ( @entity550 ), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), Amygdala (Amy), fusiform gyrus and visual cortex were constructed. After treatment, @entity1 significantly increased their neural responses in DLPFC, @entity550 and insula. nRBD showed lower baseline and endpoint neural responses than RBD. The increased activity in @entity550 and in medial prefrontal cortex, associated with antidepressant treatment, was positively associated with the improvement of @entity308 symptomatology. Only RBD @entity1 increased intrinsic connectivity from DLPFC to @entity550 and reduced the modulatory effect of the task on Amy-DLPFC connection. A successful antidepressant treatment was associated with an increased functional activity and connectivity within cortico-limbic networks, suggesting the possible role of these measures in providing possible biomarkers for treatment efficacy.

title: Successful antidepressant chronotherapeutics enhance fronto-limbic neural responses and connectivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Repeated total sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'anterior cingulate cortex']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effects of @entity64372 , @entity38800 and a selective blocker of the delayed rectifier @entity972 current, @entity9690 , were measured at two different basic cycle lengths (BCL), 300 and 1000 ms. @entity460 channel antagonists of sarcolemmal ( @entity1855 and @entity9805 ) and sarcoplasmic reticulum ( @entity8452 ) membranes were used to investigate whether the inhibition of the @entity460 current or the @entity460 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum could alter the reverse-rate dependence of @entity9690 on action potential duration (APD). METHODS: @entity840 isolated papillary muscles were superfused with a Tyrode solution maintained at 37 degrees C and stimulated at a BCL of 300 or 1000 ms. The standard microelectrode technique was used to record action potential parameters and to study the effects of @entity38800 , @entity64372 and @entity9690 . @entity9690 was superfused at increasing concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 microM) in the absence or in the presence of @entity1855 (0.3 microM), @entity9805 (0.03 microM) or @entity8452 (0.1 microM). RESULTS: @entity64372 and @entity38800 induced a self-limited concentration-dependent increase in APD. The effect of @entity64372 was not dependent on the stimulation frequency whereas the effect of @entity38800 was significantly reduced at the shorter BCL. @entity9690 induced a concentration-dependent increase in APD at both stimulation BCL. The increase in APD was significantly more pronounced in fibres stimulated at a BCL of 1000 ms than in fibres stimulated at a BCL of 300 ms, characterising the reverse-frequency dependent effect of class III antiarrhythmic agents. The reverse-frequency dependence in action potential prolongation induced by @entity9690 was significantly reduced in the presence of a low concentration of @entity1855 (0.3 microM), @entity9805 (0.03 microM), or @entity8452 (0.1 microM. CONCLUSION: The results show that @entity64372 , in contrast to @entity38800 , does not induce the reverse-rate dependency of action potential prolongation typically produced by class III antiarrhythmic agents such as @entity9690 . Our results also show that reverse-rate dependency induced by @entity9690 can be reduced by the simultaneous administration of a low concentration of a @entity460 channel antagonist or an inhibitor of the release of @entity460 from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. It is thus suggested that compounds with a suitable balance of @entity972 and @entity460 antagonistic activities may have less adverse effects than purely selective @entity972 channel blockers.

title: Combined @entity972 and @entity460 channel antagonistic activities as a basis for neutral frequency dependent increase in action potential duration: comparison between @entity64372 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity38800 :: ('MESH:C086123', 'Chemical') :: ['azimilide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity38800 :: (MESH:C086123,Chemical) :: ['azimilide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) analogues are likely to exert cardioprotective effects via balancing the energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes following ischemic or @entity519 insults. The present study aimed to explore the protective effects and mechanism of exendin  -4, a @entity6757 analogue, on cardiomyocyte @entity413 uptake using an in  vitro model of @entity519 /reoxygenation (H/R) of H9c2  cardiomyocyte cells. Pre  -treatment with exendin  -4 (200  nM) prior to H/R increased the cell viability, decreased cell apoptosis, enhanced cardiomyocyte @entity413 uptake and increased the production of @entity855 . Exendin  -4 also decreased the levels of @entity880 dehydrogenase and @entity908 kinase  -MB in the culture medium. Furthermore, the activity of @entity6211 palmitoyltransferase  -1 in the H9c2 cells was decreased, while the activity of @entity20678 was increased following exendin  -4 treatment. Moreover, pre  -treatment with exendin  -4 increased the expression of @entity1435 (p38MAPK)  y and translocation of @entity413 transporter  -1 in H9c2  cells subjected to H/R. However, these effects were attenuated by the p38MAPK inhibitors @entity66610 and @entity1441 . The results suggested that exendin  -4 exerted significant cardioprotective effects against H/R  -induced cell injury and restored the metabolic imbalance of cardiomyocytes by activating the p38MAPK signaling pathway in the H9c2 cell model. Importantly, p38MAPKy, one subunit of p38MAPK, may have the most important function in this process. The results of the present study may be helpful in the development of novel drugs to treat @entity1 with @entity301 .

title: Protective effects of extendin  -4 on XXXX /reoxygenation  -induced injury in H9c2 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']

entities_list: @entity20678 :: ('5213', 'Gene') :: ['phosphofructokinase  -1']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1435 :: ('1432', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen  -activated protein kinase']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nasal septal abscesses (NSAs) occur between the mucoperichondrium and the nasal septum. They most often arise when an untreated septal @entity1410 becomes infected. The most commonly reported sequela is a loss of septal cartilage support, which can result in a @entity85 . Other sequelae include potentially life-threatening conditions such as @entity693 , @entity50 , @entity867 , and @entity510 . We report the case of a 17-year-old @entity1 who developed an NSA after he had been struck in the face with a basketball. He presented to his primary care physician 5 days after the injury and again the next day, but his condition was not correctly diagnosed. Finally, 7 days after his injury, he presented to an emergency department with more serious symptoms, and he was correctly diagnosed with NSA. He was admitted to the intensive care unit, and he remained hospitalized for 6 days. Among the abscess sequelae he experienced was @entity5414 , which has heretofore not been reported as a complication of NSA. He responded well to appropriate treatment, although he lost a considerable amount of septal cartilage. He was discharged home on intravenous antibiotic therapy, and his condition improved. Reconstruction of the nasal septum will likely need to be pursued in the future.

title: XXXX : A unique complication of nasal septal abscess.

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid empyema']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['nasal deformity']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity5414 :: (MESH:D001170,Disease) :: ['Septic arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4538 ) tegument protein pUL47 is an interaction partner of pUL48 and highly conserved among herpesviruses. It is closely associated with the capsid and has an important function early in @entity281 . Here, we report a specific role of pUL47 in tegumentation of capsids in the cytoplasm. A newly generated mutant virus (TB-47stop), in which expression of pUL47 is blocked, exhibited a severe impairment in cell-to-cell spread and release of infectivity from infected cells. Ultrastructural analysis of TB-47stop infected cells clearly showed cytoplasmic accumulations of non-enveloped capsids that were only partially tegumented, indicating that these capsids failed to complete tegumentation. Nevertheless, these accumulations were positive for HCMV inner tegument proteins pp150 and pUL48, suggesting that their attachment to capsids occurs independently of pUL47. Despite these morphological alterations, fully enveloped virus particles were found in the extracellular space and at the viral assembly complex (vAC) of TB-47stop infected cells, indicating that pUL47 is not essential for the generation of virions. We confirmed findings that incorporation of pUL48 into virions is impaired in absence of pUL47. Interestingly, pUL47 exhibited a strong nuclear localization in transfected cells whereas it was exclusively found at the vAC in the context of @entity778 . Co-localization of pUL47 and pUL48 at the vAC is consistent with their interaction. We also found a shift to a more nuclear localization of pUL47 when the expression of pUL48 was reduced. Summarizing our results, we hypothesize that pUL48 directs pUL47 to the vAC to promote tegumentation and secondary envelopment of capsids. IMPORTANCE: Generation of infectious HCMV particles requires an organized and multistep process involving the action of several viral and cellular proteins as well as protein-protein interactions. A better understanding of these processes is important for understanding the biology of HCMV and may help to identify targets for antiviral intervention. Here, we identified tegument protein pUL47 to function in tegumentation and proper trafficking of capsids during late phases of @entity281 . Although pUL47 is not essential for generation and release of infectious virions, its absence led to massive accumulations of partially tegumented capsids at the cell periphery. Detection of pUL48 at these accumulations indicated for a pUL47 independent attachment of pUL48 to the capsid. On the other hand, localization of pUL47 to the vAC during @entity281 appeared to be dependent on tegument protein pUL48, which suggests an intricate interplay of these proteins for normal generation of infectious virus progeny.

title: The XXXX pUL47 modulates tegumentation and capsid accumulation at the viral assembly complex.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity4538 :: (10359,Species) :: ['human cytomegalovirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) is a quantitative and specific index for coronary microcirculation. However, the distribution and determinants of IMR have not been fully investigated in @entity1 with @entity741 ( @entity741 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive @entity1 who underwent elective measurement of both fractional flow reserve (FFR) and IMR were enrolled from 8 centers in 5 countries. @entity1 with @entity583 were excluded. To adjust for the influence of collateral flow, IMR values were corrected with Yong's formula (IMRcorr). High IMR was defined as greater than the 75th percentile in each of the major coronary arteries. FFR <=0.80 was defined as an @entity63 value. 1096 @entity1 with 1452 coronary arteries were analyzed (mean age 61.1, male 71.2%). Mean FFR was 0.84 and median IMRcorr was 16.6 U (Q1, Q3 12.4 U, 23.0 U). There was no correlation between IMRcorr and FFR values (r=0.01, P=0.62), and the categorical agreement of FFR and IMRcorr was low (kappa value=-0.04, P=0.10). There was no correlation between IMRcorr and angiographic % diameter stenosis (r=-0.03, P=0.25). Determinants of high IMR were previous @entity583 (odds ratio [OR] 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-3.74, P=0.01), right coronary artery (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.54-2.84, P<0.01), female (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.18-2.38, P<0.01), and @entity28 (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.31-2.49, P<0.01). Determinants of FFR  <=0.80 were left anterior descending coronary artery (OR 4.31, 95% CI 2.92-6.36, P<0.01), angiographic diameter stenosis >= 50% (OR 5.16, 95% CI 3.66-7.28, P<0.01), male (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.38-3.35, P<0.01), and age (per 10 years, OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.46, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: IMR showed no correlation with FFR and angiographic lesion severity, and the predictors of high IMR value were different from those for @entity63 FFR value. Therefore, integration of IMR into FFR measurement may provide additional insights regarding the relative contribution of macro- and @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity741 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02186093.

title: Integrated Physiologic Assessment of XXXX in Real-World Practice Using Index of Microcirculatory Resistance and Fractional Flow Reserve: Insights From the International Index of Microcirculatory Resistance Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Heart Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Nasal Allergen Challenge (NAC) model allows the study of @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) pathophysiology and the proof of concept of novel therapies. The @entity2023 - Clinical Investigator Collaborative ( @entity2023 -CIC) aims to optimize the protocol, ensuring reliability and repeatability of symptoms to better evaluate the therapies under investigation. METHODS: 20 @entity2023 @entity1 were challenged, with 4-fold increments of their respective allergens every 15 minutes, to determine the qualifying allergen concentration (QAC) at which the Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) of >= 10/12 OR a @entity450 ( @entity450 ) reduction of >= 50% from baseline was achieved. At the NAC visit, the QAC was used in a single challenge and TNSS and @entity450 were recorded at baseline, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, and hourly up to 12 hours. 10 additional ragweed allergic @entity1 were qualified at TNSS of >= 8/12 AND >= 50% @entity450 reduction; the Cumulative Allergen Challenge (CAC) of all incremental doses was used during the NAC visit. 4 non-allergic @entity1 were challenged with the highest allergen concentration. RESULTS: In the QAC study, a group qualified by only meeting @entity450 criteria achieved lower TNSS than those achieving either TNSS criteria or PNIIF+TNSS (p<0.01). During the NAC visit, @entity1 in both studies reached their peak symptoms at 15minutes followed by a gradual decline, significantly different from non-allergic @entity1 . The " @entity450 only" group experienced significantly lower TNSS than the other groups during NAC visit. QAC and CAC @entity1 did not reach the same peak TNSS during NAC that was achieved at screening. QAC @entity1 qualifying based on TNSS or TNSS+ @entity450 managed to maintain @entity450 scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 experienced reliable symptoms of @entity2023 in both studies, using both TNSS and @entity450 reduction as part of the qualifying criteria proved better for qualifying @entity1 at screening. Phenotyping based on pattern of symptoms experienced is possible and allows the study of @entity2023 pathophysiology and can be applied in evaluation of efficacy of a novel medication. The @entity2023 -CIC aims to continue to improve the model and employ it in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials.

title: The XXXX - Clinical Investigator Collaborative ( @entity2023 -CIC): nasal allergen challenge protocol optimization for studying @entity2023 pathophysiology and evaluating novel therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'Allergic Rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['PNIF', 'Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['Allergic Rhinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether temporary occlusion of the main pancreatic duct with @entity1 fibrin glue decreases the incidence of @entity1320 after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) or distal pancreatectomy (DP). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: To the authors' knowledge, there are no randomized studies comparing outcomes after pancreatic resection with or without main @entity788 by injection of fibrin glue. Of three nonrandomized studies, two reported no @entity292 after intracanal injection and @entity432 with fibrin glue after PD with immediate pancreatodigestive @entity254 , while another study reported no protective effect of glue injection. METHODS: This prospective, randomized, single-blinded, multicenter study, conducted between January 1995 and January 1999, included 182 consecutive @entity1 undergoing PD followed by immediate pancreatic @entity254 or DP, whether for benign or malignant @entity5 or for chronic @entity788 . One hundred two underwent pancreatic resection followed by @entity432 with fibrin glue (made slowly resorbable by the addition of aprotinin); 80 underwent resection without @entity432 . The main end point was the number of @entity1 with one or more of the following @entity1320 : pancreatic or other digestive tract @entity292 , intra-abdominal collections (infected or not), acute @entity788 , or intra-abdominal or digestive tract @entity548 . Severity factors included postoperative mortality, repeat operations, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in pre- and intraoperative characteristics except that there were significantly more @entity1 in the @entity432 group who were receiving octreotide, who had reinforcement of their @entity254 by fibrin glue, and who had fibrotic @entity788 . However, the rate of @entity1 with one or more @entity1320 , and notably with @entity3472 , did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was still no significant difference found after statistical adjustment for these @entity1 characteristic discrepancies, confirming the inefficacy of fibrin glue. The rate of @entity1320 was significantly higher in the presence of a normal, nonfibrotic pancreatic stump and main pancreatic duct diameter less than 3 mm, whereas reinforcement of the @entity254 with fibrin glue or use of octreotide did not influence outcome. In multivariate analysis, however, normal pancreatic parenchyma was the only independent risk factor for @entity1320 . No significant differences were found in the severity of complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Ductal occlusion by intracanal injection of fibrin glue decreases neither the rate nor the severity of @entity1320 after pancreatic resection.

title: Temporary fibrin glue occlusion of the main pancreatic duct in the prevention of XXXX after pancreatic resection: prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic duct occlusion', 'pancreatic stumps']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas', 'fistula']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['ductal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal complications']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal complications']


abstract: @entity560 is recognized as a potent immunosuppressive drug. The suppressive effects of @entity560 are attributed to its physiologically active metabolite @entity3873 ( @entity3873 ), which was shown, to prime dendritic cells (DCs) to promote the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Despite the potential benefit in treating @entity792 , clinical application of @entity3873 is hindered by deleterious side effects manifested by @entity2741 and @entity5200 . Conversely, the physiological precursors of @entity3873 , @entity3875 ( @entity3875 ) and its first metabolite @entity14951 ( @entity14951 ) are widely applied in the clinic due to their low calcimic burden. However, the mechanisms by which @entity3875 and @entity14951 may modulate adaptive immunity remain elusive. This prompted us to unravel the immunosuppressive capacity of these precursors by assessing their influence on DC functions and the subsequent polarization of na  ve CD4(+) T cells. In this study we show that, whereas @entity3875 has insignificant effects on DC maturation and cytokine production, it only weakly primed DCs to induce suppressive T cells. However, like @entity3873 , @entity14951 not only exerted an inhibitory effect on DC maturation and cytokine production, and primed DCs to promote the development of suppressive @entity688 -producing Treg cells. Strikingly, in contrast to the population of @entity688 -producing Treg cells induced by @entity3873 -primed DCs, the @entity688 -producing Treg cells induced by @entity14951 -primed DCs exhibited sustained IFN-y production in face of their suppressive capacity. Experiments with the @entity134 synthesis inhibitor @entity3102 indicated that the immunomodulatory features of the precursors are dependent on their conversion into @entity3873 . Collectively, @entity14951 is a potent immune modulator, which may be more adequate than @entity3873 for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, since it is less hypercalcimic. This may be of particular interest for the treatment of @entity56 , where concurrent suppression and sustained IFN-y production by Treg cells effectively counterbalance the Th2-dominated immune responses.

title: @entity3875 metabolite XXXX primes human dendritic cells to promote the development of immunomodulatory @entity688 -producing T cells.

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol', 'vitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol', '1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxy vitamin D3', 'calcidiol']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity14951 :: (MESH:D002112,Chemical) :: ['calcidiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The hollow fiber system model of @entity378 ( @entity6517 ) is designed to perform pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/ @entity1726 ) experiments, and hence the design of optimal doses and dose schedules for the treatment of @entity378 . To determine if this model is useful for deriving PK/ @entity1726 data relevant to clinical outcomes, we compared its quantitative output to that from clinical trials. METHODS: We performed a PubMed search to identify clinical studies performed with antituberculosis therapy in which PK/ @entity1726 data and/or parameters were documented or a dose-scheduling study design was employed. The search period was from January 1943 to December 2012. All clinical studies were published prior to @entity6517 experiments. Bias minimization was done according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Clinical publications were scored for quality of evidence, with 1 as the highest score (randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses of such studies), and 4 as the lowest score. RESULTS: We identified 17 studies that examined the same parameters as in 8 @entity6517 studies. Fifteen of 17 studies had a quality-of-evidence score of 1. The sterilizing and bactericidal effect rates for @entity3109 , @entity1215 , @entity5585 , and @entity3110 were the same in the @entity6517 as in @entity1 . Time to emergence of resistance for monotherapy was the same as in @entity1 . The PK/ @entity1726 indices associated with efficacy were the same in @entity6517 as in @entity1 for all drugs examined. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity6517 model is highly accurate at identifying optimal drug exposures, doses, and dosing schedules for use in the clinic.

title: Correlations Between the Hollow Fiber Model of @entity378 and Therapeutic Events in XXXX @entity1 : Learn and Confirm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity572 ( @entity572 ) is considered the gold standard for diagnosing @entity0 -related @entity4269 , it is inconvenient. We compared bioimpedance (L- @entity9170 ) and @entity572 measurements in a prospective cohort of @entity0 @entity1 at risk for @entity4269 . METHODS: Between 2010 and 2014, a total of 223 @entity0 @entity1 were enrolled. Following exclusions (n = 37), 186 received baseline @entity572 and L- @entity9170 ; follow-up measurements were performed at 3-6 months intervals for 3 years. At each visit, @entity1 fitted into one of three categories: normal (normal @entity572 and L- @entity9170 ); abnormal L- @entity9170 (L- @entity9170 > 10 or increase in 10 from baseline and normal @entity572 ); or @entity4269 (relative arm volume difference of >10 % by @entity572    abnormal L- @entity9170 ). Change in L- @entity9170 was plotted against change in @entity572 ; correlation was assessed using the Pearson correlation. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 18.2 months, 152 @entity1 were normal, 25 had an abnormal L- @entity9170 , and 9 developed @entity4269 without a prior L- @entity9170 abnormality. Of the 25 abnormal L- @entity9170 @entity1 , 4 progressed to @entity4269 , for a total of 13 @entity1 with @entity4269 . Evaluating all time points, 186 @entity1 had 829 follow-up measurements. Sensitivity and specificity of L- @entity9170 compared with @entity572 were 75 and 93 %, respectively. There was no correlation between change in @entity572 and change in L- @entity9170 at 3 months (r = 0.31) or 6 months (r = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS: @entity572 and bioimpedance demonstrated poor correlation with inconsistent overlap of measurements considered abnormal. Of @entity1 with an abnormal L- @entity9170 , few progressed to @entity4269 ; most @entity1 with @entity4269 did not have a prior L- @entity9170 abnormality. Further studies are needed to understand the clinical significance of bioimpedance.

title: A Prospective Validation Study of Bioimpedance with Volume Displacement in Early-Stage XXXX @entity1 at Risk for @entity4269 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['VD', 'volume displacement']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: A bioassay of technical-grade @entity1304 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted using Osborne-Mendel @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . @entity1304 was administered in the feed, at either of two concentrations, to groups of 50 male and 50 female animals of each species. The time-weighted average high and low dietary concentrations of @entity1304 were, respectively, 952 and 408 ppm for the male @entity35 , and 445 and 223 ppm for the female @entity35 . In @entity19 the high and low time-weighted average concentrations were, respectively, 6.9 and 3.5 ppm for the males and 3.9 and 2.0 ppm for the females. Twenty animals of each sex and species were placed on test as controls. The bioassay of high dose male @entity35 was terminated during week 82, and the bioassay of low dose male @entity35 was terminated during week 74. After a 78-week period of chemical administration, observation of female @entity35 continued for 33 additional weeks and observation of @entity19 continued for 14 additional weeks. At the doses administered to @entity35 in this study @entity1304 was toxic, inducing a high incidence of @entity8 in both sexes and @entity194 in males. In both species high early mortality was observed in the male groups and no conclusions concerning the carcinogenicity of @entity1304 can be drawn from this part of the bioassay. However, survival among females of both species was sufficient for meaningful statistical evaluation of the incidence of late-developing @entity5 . It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, technical-grade @entity1304 was not carcinogenic in female Osborne-Mendel @entity35 or in female B6C3F1 @entity19 .

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['toxic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1304 :: ('MESH:D004726', 'Chemical') :: ['Endosulfan', 'endosulfan']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy']

answer: @entity1304 :: (MESH:D004726,Chemical) :: ['endosulfan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) experience @entity508 as the clinical course evolves. Associated symptoms include (often painful) spasms, @entity25 . @entity839 :CBD oromucosal spray (Sativex  ) is approved for symptom improvement in adult @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity15 -related @entity508 who have not responded adequately to other antispasticity medication and who demonstrate clinically significant improvement in @entity508 -related symptoms during an initial trial of therapy. SUMMARY: In pivotal clinical trials of @entity839 :CBD oromucosal spray, a meaningful proportion of @entity1 with treatment-resistant @entity15 @entity508 achieved clinically relevant improvement with active treatment versus placebo. The utility of a 4-week trial of therapy to identify @entity1 who respond to treatment was demonstrated in an enriched-design study. @entity839 :CBD oromucosal spray was well tolerated in these studies, with no evidence of effects typically associated with recreational cannabis use. In a subsequent post approval clinical trial, @entity839 :CBD oromucosal spray had no statistically significant effect on cognition and mood compared with placebo. Moreover, after 50 weeks' treatment, approximately two-thirds of @entity1 , physicians and caregivers reported improvement from baseline in @entity508 based on global impressions of change. Key Messages: In phase III clinical trials, approximately one-third of @entity15 @entity1 with treatment-resistant @entity508 had a clinically relevant and statistically significant response to @entity839 :CBD oromucosal spray. In addition to a reduction in @entity508 , responders experienced meaningful relief from associated symptoms. @entity839 :CBD oromucosal spray was generally well tolerated and efficacy was maintained over the longer term. A post-approval clinical trial indicated no effect of @entity839 :CBD oromucosal spray on cognition or mood after 50 weeks of use.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Advances in the management of @entity15 XXXX : recent clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['urinary dysfunction and sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']