abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of @entity932 @entity1 treated with craniospinal irradiation (CSI) using @entity499 ( @entity499 ) system in our center. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 who were treated with CSI in our center from January 2008 to July 2012 were collected, with an average age of 20. All of the @entity1 ' CSI used the @entity499 system. The total doses were 27-36 Gy/15-20 F (1.5-2 Gy per fraction), and total local doses were 46-60 Gy/30-50 F (5 fractions per week). All female @entity1 for CSI were treated with left-right parallel-opposed field irradiation to protect their ovarian functions. Median follow-up time was 30.9 months (range, 5-67 months). The SPSS19.0 software was used, and the overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Among 17 @entity1 with assessable @entity5 , 9 cases (52.9%) were CR, 7 cases (41.2%) were PR, and 1 case (5.9%) was SD. @entity1503 was the severest side-effect occurred in the procedure of CSI. The level 1-4 acute @entity1431 were 8.7%, 30.4%, 34.8% and 21.7% and the level 1-4 acute @entity882 were 8.7%, 30.4%, 21.7% and 8.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For primary @entity932 , @entity499 can be used to implement CSI for simplifying radiotherapy procedures, improving radiotherapy accuracy, enhancing protection of peripheral organs at risk (ORA) and guaranteeing therapeutic effects. With the acceptable acute and long-term @entity137 , CSI using @entity499 in @entity932 @entity1 can be a safe and alternative mode.

title: Clinical analysis of @entity932 's craniospinal irradiation using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial germinomas', 'intracranial germinoma']

entities_list: @entity499 :: ('MESH:C536217', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'helical tomotherapy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity499 :: (MESH:C536217,Disease) :: ['helical tomotherapy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 252 Background: Navigating a complex and ever-changing health care system can be stressful and detrimental to psychosocial well-being for @entity1 with serious illness. This study explored @entity1 's experiences navigating the health care system during treatment of @entity43 . METHODS: Focus groups moderated by trained investigators were conducted with @entity43 survivors at an academic @entity5 center. Personal experiences with @entity5 treatment, provider relationships, barriers to care, and the health care system were explored. Sessions were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded using grounded theory. Subsequent one-on-one interviews were conducted to further evaluate common themes. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity43 survivors with a median age of 59 years participated in the focus group study.Provider consistency, personal touch, and @entity1 advocacy positively impacted care experience.Treatment with a known provider, who was well acquainted with the individual's medical history, was deemed an invaluable aspect of care. Negative experiences that burdened @entity1 , referred to as the "Little Big Things", included systems-based challenges: scheduling, wait times, pharmacy, transportation, @entity3932 , financial, insurance and discharge. Consistency, a "care-team" approach, effective communication, and efficient connection to resources were suggested as ways to improve @entity1 ' experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Systems-based challenges were perceived as burdens to @entity43 survivors. The role of a consistent, accessible care team and efficient delivery of resources in the care of @entity1 with @entity43 should be explored further.

title: The "little big things": A qualitative study of XXXX survivors and their experiences with the health care system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, there is a lack of ideal biomarkers for predicting nodal status in preoperative stage of @entity420 (EAC) to aid optimising therapeutic options. We studied the potential of applying subtype macrophages to predict @entity1600 and prognosis in EAC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-three EAC resection specimens were immunostained with @entity469 , @entity2936 (M1), and @entity11772 (M2). Lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was estimated with the staining of D2-40. Subsequently, we tested if M2d macrophage could promote EAC cell migration and invasion. RESULTS: In EAC without neoadjuvant treatment, an increase in M2-like macrophage was associated with poor @entity1 survival, independent of the locations of macrophages in @entity5 . The M2/M1 ratio that represented the balance between M2- and M1-like macrophages was significantly higher in nodal-positive EACs than that in nodal-negative EACs, and inversely correlated with @entity1 overall survival. The M2/M1 ratio was not related to LVD. EAC cell polarised THP1 cell into M2d-like macrophage, which promoted EAC cell migration and invasion. Neoadjuvant therapy appeared to diminish the correlation between the M2/M1 ratio and survival. CONCLUSIONS: The ratio of M2/M1 macrophage may serve as a sensitive marker to predict @entity1600 and poor prognosis in EAC without neoadjuvant therapy. M2d macrophage may have important roles in EAC @entity3 .British Journal of Cancer advance online publication 11 August 2015. doi:10.1038/bjc.2015.292 www.bjcancer.com.

title: Macrophage subtype predicts @entity1600 in @entity420 and promotes XXXX cell invasion in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e14514 Background: We maintained a prospective database covering the time period from 2001 to 2010. We believe that the outcome achieved at a small @entity5 center can be similar to a tertiary @entity5 center. METHODS: Our study measures the outcome of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Data were compared to the published literature. RESULTS: There are 62 @entity1 who underdone surgery with various histologies. Pylorus was preserved in 59 @entity1 . Three @entity1 had portal venorrhaphy. Forty six @entity1 had @entity5 , whereas 16 had a benign histology. One case had dual histology ( @entity513 and neuroendocrine). The average age of @entity1 was 63. Mean preoperative CA19-9 for exocrine @entity9451 was 638, whereas for benign lesions and endocrine @entity5 it was 122. Average operative time was 6 hours 25 minutes for surgeries before 2005 and 5 hrs 48 minutes for surgeries performed after 2005. Blood transfusion was rare with 15 @entity1 receiving blood product. There were two perioperative @entity204 due to @entity63 bowel and severe @entity520 . Average length of stay in the hospital was 16.1 days (range 0-87 days). There was no @entity788 among any of the @entity1 . Two @entity1157 were identified, one controlled with the drainage tube while the other one required repeat surgery. 30 day mortality rate was calculated at 10%. To date, 28 @entity1 have died, including two from causes unrelated to @entity189 . Mean survival during our study period is 30.6 months. In comparison to published literature, the mortality, morbidity, and survival were similar. In the literature five year survival for @entity788 @entity1 treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy ranged from 10% to 29%. CONCLUSIONS: In our study 5-yr survival was 47% for @entity788 @entity1 . Despite overall poor outcome for @entity1 with pancreatic and @entity5 , surgery can be performed in community hospitals with special interest in treating @entity660 , offering @entity1 prolonged survival and quality of life. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is effective and safe with low hospital mortality and with acceptable complication rates.

title: Can pancreaticoduodenectomy performed at a comprehensive community XXXX center have comparable results as tertiary centers?

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic leak', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['biliary malignancies', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile leaks']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a suture-free ureterovesical @entity254 using a microvascular anastomotic system ( @entity10036 ) and compare the surgical time and bursting pressure to a sutured ureterovesical @entity254 (SA) with and without an extravesical seromuscular tunnel (EVSMT). STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, unblocked design, ex vivo study. ANIMALS: Three @entity235 cadavers. METHODS: For each cadaver, the ureters were sectioned into 3 equal lengths. The 6 sections were randomly assigned to receive either the @entity10036 or end-side SA. The first cadaver (3 @entity10036 , 3 SA) was used to refine the technique, and the remaining 2 cadavers were used for evaluation. Surgical time and bursting pressure of the @entity254 were compared between @entity10036 and SA (n   =   6 per technique). After bursting pressure testing of each @entity254 , an SMT was created over the anastomoses. Bursting pressures were again recorded and compared across techniques. RESULTS: The surgery time was significantly shorter for @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ) than SA (median 15.8   minutes; P   =   .002). The bursting pressure was significantly higher for @entity10036 (median 189.5   cmH2 O) than SA (median   64   cmH2 O; P   =   .002). The bursting pressure for @entity10036 -EVSMT (median   398.5   cm @entity4358 ) was not significantly different from the SA-EVSMT (median   321   cmH2 O, P   =   .567); however, the creation of an SMT significantly increased the bursting pressure for both techniques (P   =   .028, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the feasibility of a suture-free ureterovesical @entity254 in the @entity235 cadaver using a commercially available @entity10036 . The @entity10036 @entity254 was faster and resulted in higher bursting pressures than SA. The creation of an SMT improved the bursting resistance of both techniques but there was no difference between the techniques covered by an EVSMT.

title: Suture-Free Ureterovesical Anastomosis Using a Microvascular Anastomosis System: XXXX Cadaveric Study.

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MAS', 'median 5.4 minutes']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Histopathological confirmation in @entity378 is difficult due to suboptimal noninvasive access to the involved area. Peritoneoscopy and colonoscopy provide semi-invasive access to the peritoneum, large intestine and ileocecal area. Information on the diagnostic yield of these two investigation in @entity378 is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of laparoscopy and colonoscopy in the diagnosis of @entity378 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 1998 and July 2001, 34 @entity1 were diagnosed to have @entity378 on the basis of laparoscopy or colonoscopy. The case records of these @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed to assess the usefulness of laparoscopy and colonoscopy in the diagnosis of @entity378 . RESULTS: Laparoscopy was performed in 23 @entity1 . Peritoneal @entity378 was diagnosed in 19 of them, characterized by presence of @entity843 , multiple whitish tubercles, @entity82 and adhesions, @entity4 or dense adhesions without @entity843 . Multiple jejunoileal hyperemic @entity11534 was noticed in three @entity1 . One @entity1 had cecal mass with pericecal inflammatory adhesions. In three @entity1 , laparoscopy was converted to open laparotomy due to @entity130 , extensive adhesions, and difficulty in assessing lymph nodal mass in one @entity1 each. Peritoneal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis in 10 of the 15 (67%) @entity1 . In one @entity1 pericecal tissue biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The remaining @entity1 received therapeutic trial with anti @entity378 treatment. All @entity1 showed good response. Thus laparoscopy provided positive diagnosis of @entity378 in 20/23 (87%) and positive histology in 10 of the 15 (67%) @entity1 with peritoneal lesions. Thirteen @entity1 underwent colonoscopy. @entity3137 involving terminal ileum, cecum and colon was noted in 11 @entity1 . Colonoscopic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis in six of the 11 @entity1 (54%). Non of these @entity1 had any complication related to colonoscopy. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy was safe and helped in the diagnosis of peritoneal as well as @entity378 in 87% of @entity1 . Colonoscopy is useful for @entity1049 with a positive diagnostic yield of 54%.

title: Abdominal XXXX : diagnosis by laparoscopy and colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous bands']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaemic edematous bowel loops']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic and terminal ileal lesion']

entities_list: @entity11534 :: ('MESH:D012700', 'Disease') :: ['short segments with serosal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tuberculosis', 'abdominal tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['Mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bowel injury']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) constitutes a clinical and social relevant condition accounting for 3% of the pediatric population. Studies focusing the repercussion of @entity1032 on nutritional status are scarce and, in occasions, have produced contradictory results. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nutritional status of @entity1032 @entity1 in our Region, on the basis of skeletal maturation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Our sample comprise 128 @entity1032 @entity1 (81 @entity1 and 47 @entity1 ) aged 0 17 years. In all @entity1 a nutritional and social family environment questionnaires and a valuation of a series of nutritional and anthropometric variables were performed. Additionally, bone age was assessed by means of left hand wrist radiograph in a subset of 53 @entity1 . A factorial analysis was carried out by means of the statistical package SPSS allowing the obtaining of 2 anthropometric factors and 3 biochemical factors that condensed the most information content. Results of the bone maturation were correlated with age, sex, presence of @entity306 ( @entity306 ), severity of @entity1032 , results of nutritional and sociofamilial questionnaire, antiepileptic treatment and nutritional status (anthropometric and biochemical factors). RESULTS: Although a good correlation exists between bone age and chronological age, 50% of @entity1032 @entity1 presented delay in their skeletal maturation. The bone maturation was higher in the @entity1 than in the @entity1 . The presence of @entity306 induced an increase of 12% in the delay of the skeletal maturation. The severity of @entity1032 induced differences in the bone age. Both quality of diet and score of anthropometric factor I inversely correlated with bone maturation delay. Parent s age and geographical precedence but not antiepileptic therapy affected the bone maturation. CONCLUSIONS: Delay in the bone maturation occurs with high prevalence among @entity1032 @entity1 . The presence of @entity306 , severity of @entity1032 , quality of the diet and sociofamilial and nutritional factors influenced in an outstanding way in the bone maturation.

title: [Repercussion of @entity1032 and associated XXXX on skeletal maturation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'MR', 'mentally retarded', 'Mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: @entity599 mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent causing skin blistering, @entity1066 and delayed wound @entity446 . @entity32 and extrinsic apoptosis are known to have an important role in SM-induced @entity137 . As immune cells are involved in those processes, they may significantly modulate SM @entity137 , but the extent of those effects is unknown. We adapted a co-culture model of immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and immune cells ( @entity1357 ) and exposed this model to SM. Changes in @entity39 , apoptosis and @entity32 , depending on SM challenge, absence or presence and number of @entity1357 cells were investigated. @entity1357 were co-cultured for 24h prior to SM exposure in order to model SM effects on immune cells continuously present in the skin. Our results indicate that the presence of @entity1357 strongly increased @entity39 , apoptosis and @entity32 . This effect was already significant when the ratio of @entity1357 and HaCaT cells was similar to the ratio of Langerhans immune cells and keratinocytes in vivo. Any further increases in the number of @entity1357 had only slight additional effects on SM-induced @entity137 . In order to assess the effects of immune cells migrating into skin areas damaged by SM, we added non-exposed @entity1357 to SM-exposed HaCaT. Those @entity1357 had only slight effects on SM-induced @entity137 . Notably, in HaCaT exposed to 300 M SM, @entity39 and @entity32 were slightly reduced by adding intact @entity1357 . This effect was dependent on the number of immune cells, steadily increasing with the number of unexposed @entity1357 added. In summary, we have demonstrated that (a) the presented co-culture is a robust model to assess SM @entity137 and can be used to test the efficacy of potential antidotes in vitro; (b) immune cells, damaged by SM strongly amplified @entity137 , (c) in contrast, unexposed @entity1357 (simulating migration of immune cells into affected areas after exposure in vivo) had no pronounced adverse, but exhibited some protective effects. Thus, protecting immune cells from SM @entity137 may help to @entity131 .

title: Development of a co-culture of keratinocytes and immune cells for in vitro investigation of cutaneous @entity599 mustard XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['reduce overall injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tumor proliferation has prognostic value in resected early stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and can, therefore, predict which NSCLCs are at high risk for recurrence after resection and would benefit from additional therapy. It may also predict which @entity5 will respond to cell cycle-targeted chemotherapy and help assess the @entity5 response, besides helping to differentiate benign from @entity358 . We evaluated whether the uptake of the new positron emission tomography (PET) tracer @entity51911 (FLT) in a series of suspected NSCLCs correlated with @entity5 proliferation assessed by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Ten @entity1 with 11 biopsy-proven or clinically suspected @entity1149 underwent 2-h dynamic PET imaging after i.v. injection of 0.07 mCi/kg FLT. Tumor FLT uptake was quantitated with the maximum pixel standardized uptake value (maxSUV), the partial volume corrected maxSUV (PV-corr-maxSUV), the average SUV over a small region-of-interest (aveSUV) and with Patlak analysis of FLT flux (aveFLTflux). The lesion diameter from computed tomography was used to correct the maxSUV for PV effects using recovery coefficients determined for the General Electric Advance PET scanner. Two of the 11 lesions were benign inflammatory lesions and 9 were NSCLCs. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 (proliferation index marker) was performed on all 11 tissue specimens (10 resections, 1 @entity1149 percutaneous biopsy), and the S-phase fraction (SPF) from flow cytometry could be determined for 10. The specimens were reviewed for histology and cellular differentiation (poor, moderate, well). Lesions ranged from 1.6 to 7.7 cm. RESULTS: Excellent correlations were found between SUV measures of FLT uptake and Ki-67 scores [percentage of positive cells; maxSUV versus Ki-67: Rho = 0.78, P = 0.0043 (n = 11); PV-corr-maxSUV versus Ki-67: Rho = 0.83, P = 0.0028 (n = 10); aveSUV versus Ki-67: Rho = 0.84, P = 0.0011 (n = 11)]. Correlation between Ki-67 proliferation scores and Patlak measures of FLT uptake were also strong: aveFLTflux versus Ki-67: Rho = 0.94, P < 0.0001 (n = 11). The correlation between the SPF and all indices of FLT uptake was weaker and reached statistical significance for only two uptake indices [maxSUV versus SPF: Rho = 0.69, P = 0.03 (n = 10); PV-corr-maxSUV versus SPF: Rho = 0.36, P = 0.35 (n = 9); aveSUV versus SPF: Rho = 0.67, P = 0.03 (n = 10); aveFLTflux versus SPF: Rho = 0.46, P = 0.18 (n = 10)]. CONCLUSION: FLT PET may be used to noninvasively assess proliferation rates of lung masses in vivo. Therefore, FLT PET may play a significant role in the evaluation of indeterminate @entity358 , in the prognostic assessment of resectable @entity1149 , and possibly in the evaluation of @entity1149 response to chemotherapy.

title: In vivo validation of @entity51911 ( XXXX ) as a proliferation imaging tracer in @entity1 : correlation of @entity51911 uptake by positron emission tomography with Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry in @entity1 lung tumors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity51911 :: ('MESH:C002854', 'Chemical') :: ["3'deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine"]

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lung lesions', 'pulmonary lesions']

answer: @entity51911 :: (MESH:C002854,Chemical) :: ['[(18)F]FLT']


abstract: Twelve healthy young @entity1 followed a 10-d controlled diet that included 210 g of fatty fish d-1. The diet was repeated after 18 d, but with lean meat substituted for fish. Blood samples were collected for assessment of serum lipids and haemostatic variables in the plasma. Both experimental diets caused serum @entity1674 and plasma factor VIIc to decline to the same extent. The meat diet was also associated with significant changes in plasma levels of @entity3479 ) antigen. PA inhibitor type I ( @entity2289 ) antigen, @entity2289 activity, and @entity3479 activity of the euglobulin fraction of plasma. The fish diet left these variables unchanged from initial values. Thus, in a paired comparison of the two diets, the fish diet was associated with higher levels of @entity3479 antigen (5.4 vs. 4.7 g ml-1), which is considered to be beneficial with regard to prevention of @entity65 . However, the fish diet was concurrently associated with the putative unfavourable higher levels of @entity2289 antigen (3.0 vs. 1.2 ng ml-1) and @entity2289 activity (6.1 vs. 3.2 IU ml-1), and lower @entity3479 activity (80 vs. 140 mIU ml-1). Thus it is unclear which of the two diets has the greatest potential in the prevention of @entity65 .

title: Effect of fish diet versus meat diet on blood lipids, coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Clinical trials have shown that liraglutide effectively lowers glycated hemoglobin A1c ( @entity3916 ) levels in adult @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). However, no studies have evaluated the effectiveness of liraglutide by body mass index (BMI) in the United States (US) in clinical practice. This study examined liraglutide's clinical effectiveness to lower @entity3916 and body weight after 6  months in @entity2175 @entity1 stratified by baseline BMI. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using the General Electric Centricity electronic medical records database. Adult @entity1 with @entity2175 (>= 18  years and BMI>=   25  kg/m(2)) and @entity3916 >7% at baseline who started liraglutide between January 1, 2010 and January 31, 2013 and who did not use insulin or a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog 12  months before initiating liraglutide (N  =  3,005) were selected. Changes from baseline, stratified by BMI, in @entity3916 , body weight, @entity3916 <7% goal attainment, and incidence of severe @entity4053 at 6-month follow-up were examined. RESULTS: After 6  months, @entity3916 levels decreased on average by 0.95%, 1.02%, 0.99%, and 0.84% for BMI categories 25.0-29.9 (n  =  333), 30.0-34.9 (n  =  793), 35.0-39.9 (n  =  821), and >= 40.0  kg/m(2) (n  =  1,058), respectively (P  =  0.30). The proportions of @entity1 achieving @entity3916 <7% at 6  months were 38.2%, 37.0%, 40.9%, and 41.0% (P  =  0.54). The absolute body weight decreased by 1.5 to 4.0  kg across BMI and the rate of severe @entity4053 (0.2%) was low. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity2175 experienced statistically significant decreases in @entity3916 and body weight after initiating liraglutide regardless of their BMI. Liraglutide reduced @entity3916 equally well across baseline BMI in clinical practice in the US.

title: Clinical effectiveness of liraglutide across body mass index in XXXX with @entity2175 in the United States: a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: Despite the fact that the most recently articulated theory of @entity2704 is the central sensitization hypothesis, few basic and clinical research studies on central sensitization have been conducted in @entity1 with @entity2704 . Here, we aim to reveal the risk factors of @entity2704 with @entity1931 and to illustrate the effects of @entity4481 on alleviating @entity1931 . Methods: 63 @entity2704 @entity1 meeting the International @entity10 Society criteria were prospectively included. The cutaneous @entity1931 (CA) symptoms that occurred during @entity10 attacks were examined with the Allodynia Symptom Checklist (ASC). The risk factors of @entity1931 were determined using logistic regression analysis. 41 @entity1 with @entity1931 were treated with @entity4481 (150 - 600 mg/d) for 12 weeks. The improvements in @entity1931 and @entity10 severity as well as the side effects of the drug were recorded at 1 and 3 months following drug administration. Results: Among the 63 @entity1 , there were 41 cases (65.1%) of @entity1931 , including 35 cases (85.4%) of thermal @entity1931 , 12 cases (29.4%) of static mechanical @entity1931 , and 9 cases (22.0%) of dynamic mechanical @entity1931 . The @entity1931 appeared to be associated with gender (female), disease duration, and medication overuse. Compared with baseline, both the ASC scores in the three types of CA and the number of @entity1 with @entity1931 were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in @entity1 treated with @entity4481 . The frequency, severity, and duration of @entity10 as well as the @entity2704 disability assessment (MIDAS) and @entity10 impact test ( @entity19355 ) scores were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) when compared with baseline. The overall efficiency of drug therapy was 85.4% among all @entity1 who received @entity4481 . There were few side effects detected, and the @entity1 showed good tolerability to drug therapy. Conclusions: Our results showed that 65.1% of @entity1 with @entity2704 had @entity1931 and that @entity2704 with @entity1931 was related to the @entity1 gender (female), disease duration, and medication overuse. @entity4481 was effective at relieving @entity1931 in @entity2704 .

title: Effects of @entity4481 on central sensitization in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the causes of hospital readmission after @entity173 and the relationships between hospital readmission and 6-month physical function and mortality. DESIGN: Prospective, multisite, observational cohort study. SETTING: Four hospitals in the New York City metropolitan area. @entity1 : Five hundred sixty-two @entity1 hospitalized for @entity173 aged 50 and older and discharged alive in 1997-1998. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 demographic characteristics, type of @entity174 and repair, comorbid conditions, @entity260 , do not resuscitate status, and active clinical problems at the time of hospital discharge. Prefracture and 6-month mobility were measured using the Functional Independence Measure. Hospital readmissions and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision principal diagnoses were ascertained from hospital admission/discharge databases, the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, medical record review, and @entity1 self-report. RESULTS: Eighty-two percent of @entity1 were @entity1 , and 93% were white. Within 6 months after hospital discharge, 178 (32%) @entity1 were readmitted to the hospital, with 45 (8%) readmitted more than once. Forty-seven of 233 readmissions (20%) occurred within the first 2 weeks after discharge, and 80 (34%) occurred within 4 weeks. Over 6 months, 89% of readmissions were for nonsurgical problems, of which infectious (21%) and cardiac (12%) diseases were the most common. In multivariate analyses, @entity1 who were readmitted were more likely to require total assistance with ambulation at 6 months (odds ratio (OR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6-4.6) and to die (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 2.2-7.3) than those not readmitted. CONCLUSION: Hospital readmissions after @entity173 are largely due to @entity221 and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

title: Hospital readmissions after hospital discharge for XXXX : surgical and nonsurgical causes and effect on outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['nonsurgical illness']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: This paper reports on the first advanced backcross-QTL (quantitative trait locus) project which utilizes spring @entity2247 as a model. A BC(2)F(2) population was derived from the initial cross Apex ( @entity2247 ssp. vulgare, hereafter abbreviated with Hv) x ISR101-23 ( H. v. ssp. spontaneum, hereafter abbreviated with @entity22472 ). Altogether 136 BC(2)F(2) individuals were genotyped with 45 SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Subsequently, field data for 136 BC(2)F(2) families were collected for 13 quantitative traits measured in a maximum of six environments. QTLs were detected by means of a two-factorial ANOVA with a significance level of P < 0.01 for a marker main effect and a marker x environment (M x E) interaction, respectively. Among 585 marker x trait combinations tested, 86 putative QTLs were identified. At 64 putative QTLs, the marker main effect and at 27 putative QTLs, the M x E interaction were significant. In five cases, both effects were significant. Among the putative QTLs, 29 (34%) favorable effects were identified from the exotic parent. At these marker loci the homozygous @entity22472 genotype was associated with an improvement of the trait compared to the homozygous Hv genotype. In one case, the @entity22472 allele was associated with a yield increase of 7.7% averaged across the six environments tested. A yield QTL in the same chromosomal region was already reported in earlier @entity2247 QTL studies.

title: Advanced backcross QTL analysis in XXXX ( @entity2247 .).

entities_list: @entity2247 :: ('4513', 'Species') :: ['Hordeum vulgare', 'barley']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4282 ( @entity4282 ) @entity1337 produces rapid-onset @entity158 in early labor. Epidural local anesthetics may contribute to an increase in operative deliveries by decreasing perineal sensation and causing motor weakness. Operative delivery rates might be reduced with @entity4282 , by avoiding or delaying administration of local anesthetics. This study compares the operative delivery rates associated with a @entity4282 technique and those associated with intravenous @entity6882 for labor @entity1337 . METHODS: Healthy parturients at full term were assigned randomly to receive @entity4282 or intravenous @entity6882 @entity1337 . The @entity4282 group received 10 microg intrathecal @entity681 , followed by epidural @entity1341 and @entity3575 at their next request for @entity1337 . Parturients receiving intravenous @entity6882 had 50 mg on demand (maximum, 200 mg in 4 h). Labor and delivery outcomes in both groups were recorded and compared. RESULTS: An intent-to-treat analysis of 1,223 @entity1 indicated that @entity4282 does not increase the rate of cesarean delivery for @entity1266 in nulliparous and parous @entity1 ( @entity4282 , 3.5% vs. intravenous @entity6882 , 4; P=not significant) or in nulliparous @entity1 alone ( @entity4282 , 7% vs. intravenous @entity6882 , 8%; P=not significant). Profound fetal @entity1168 that necessitated emergency cesarean delivery within 1 h of the time the mother received @entity681 occurred in 8 of 400 parturients (compared with 0 of 352 who received @entity6882 ; P < 0.01). However, the method of fetal monitoring differed between the two groups. Despite this, neonatal outcomes were similar overall. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4282 @entity1337 during labor does not increase the cesarean delivery rate for @entity1266 in healthy parturient @entity1 at full term, regardless of parity. However, an unexpected increase in the number of cesarean deliveries for profound fetal @entity1168 after intrathecal @entity681 was observed. Further investigation is warranted.

title: A randomized study of combined spinal-epidural @entity1337 versus intravenous XXXX during labor: impact on cesarean delivery rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['CSE', 'Combined spinal-epidural']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain relief and allows ambulation']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity6882 :: (MESH:D008614,Chemical) :: ['meperidine']


abstract: Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of C75, a @entity844 synthase inhibitor, causes a rapid (<or=2-h) and persistent (to at least 24-h) approximately 95% decrease in food intake. The persistent effect seems to be due to inhibition of the fasting-induced up-regulation of expression of hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptides neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein and down-regulation of expression of anorexigenic neuropeptides pro-opiomelanocortinalpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and @entity2072 - @entity4944 -related transcript. The effect of C75 on neuronal activity in the hypothalamus and brainstem was assessed by @entity1639 expression. Consistent with its effect on neuropeptide expression, C75 blocked fasting-induced @entity1639 expression in the arcuate nucleus (Arc), lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) 10-24 h after i.p. injection. However, i.p. C75 induced a rapid (<or=2-h) @entity1639 expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and area postrema of the brainstem but not in the Arc or LHA. Intracerebroventricular administration of C75 rapidly induced @entity1639 expression in the Arc, PVN, and NTS, supporting a central role of C75 in the regulation of food intake. Thus, suppression of food intake by C75 administered i.p. seems to be mediated in two phases, a rapid initial phase via the NTSarea postrema of the brainstem and a delayed phase via the Arc, LHA, and PVN of the hypothalamus. The delayed effect of C75 on the Arc, LHA, and PVN correlates well with its ability to interfere with the fasting-induced effects on the expression of key orexigenic (neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein) and anorexigenic (pro-opiomelanocortinalpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and @entity2072 - @entity4944 -related transcript) messages in the hypothalamus.

title: Effect of the anorectic XXXX synthase inhibitor C75 on neuronal activity in the hypothalamus and brainstem.

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical management of recurrent disease after @entity135 for @entity259 remains a challenging clinical problem. Reoperation is associated with a significant increase in morbidity. Preoperative needle localization technique for non-palpable @entity0 has recently been extrapolated to head and neck surgery. We report on the use of preoperative ultrasound-guided needle localization for non-palpable recurrent operative bed disease as an intraoperative aid in resection. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity259 were identified from a retrospective database at a tertiary care center from 2011-2014. Inclusion criteria were history of thyroidectomy and/or neck dissection, non-palpable recurrent disease in the resection bed on surveillance, and ultrasound-guided needle localization of recurrent disease before resection. Perioperative data and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 were identified using the inclusion criteria listed above. Median @entity1 age was 46 years (53% male, 47% female). A total of 23 masses in the previous operative bed were needle-localized successfully with no major long-term sequelae from this technique. The recurrent laryngeal nerve was involved with @entity5 in six @entity1 . Two @entity1 , in whom the @entity5 surrounded the nerve circumferentially, experienced recurrent @entity13587 . No @entity1 experienced postoperative @entity3747 . With a routine surveillance and a median follow-up of 558 days, sixteen of the @entity1 remain with no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative ultrasound-guided needle localization of non-palpable recurrent operative bed disease after thyroidectomy and/or neck dissection is a potentially safe method to aid in resection and cure.

title: Operative bed recurrence of XXXX : utility of a preoperative needle localization technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['total thyroidectomy and/or neck dissection']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity13587 :: ('MESH:D061224', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: The effect of physical activity on @entity3140 was examined in this population-based case control study with 321 age- and gender-matched pairs. Sports participation increased @entity174 risk in @entity1 and decreased risk in @entity1 . Television viewing had a deleterious dose response association with wrist and @entity174 while light physical activity was protective. INTRODUCTION: The aim of this population-based case control study was to examine the association between television, computer, and video viewing; types and levels of physical activity; and @entity3140 in @entity1 9-16 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 321 @entity174 cases and 321 randomly selected individually matched controls were studied. Television, computer, and video viewing and types and levels of physical activity were determined by interview-administered questionnaire. Bone strength was assessed by DXA and metacarpal morphometry. RESULTS: In general, sports participation increased total @entity3140 risk in @entity1 and decreased risk in @entity1 . Gender-specific risk estimates were significantly different for total, contact, noncontact, and high-risk sports participation as well as four individual sports (soccer, cricket, surfing, and swimming). In multivariate analysis, time spent television, computer, and video viewing in both sexes was positively associated with wrist and @entity174 risk ( @entity13562 /category, 95% CI: 1.1-2.2), whereas days involved in light physical activity participation decreased @entity174 risk (OR 0.8/category, 95% CI: 0.7-1.0). Sports participation increased hand (OR 1.5/sport, 95% CI: 1.1-2.0) and upper arm (OR 29.8/sport, 95% CI: 1.7-535) @entity174 risk in @entity1 only and decreased wrist and @entity174 risk in @entity1 only (OR 0.5/sport, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9). Adjustment for bone density and metacarpal morphometry did not alter these associations. CONCLUSION: There is gender discordance with regard to sports participation and @entity174 risk in @entity1 , which may reflect different approaches to sport. Importantly, television, computer, and video viewing has a dose-dependent association with wrist and @entity174 , whereas light physical activity is protective. The mechanism is unclear but may involve bone-independent factors, or less likely, changes in bone quality not detected by DXA or metacarpal morphometry.

title: Television, computer, and video viewing; physical activity; and XXXX risk in @entity1 : a population-based case control study.

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb fracture', 'upper limb fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['forearm fracture', 'forearm fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity3140 :: (MESH:D038062,Disease) :: ['upper limb fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: According to current clinical guidelines mutational analysis for @entity984 and @entity8497 is recommended prior to @entity470 -directed therapy of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in the metastatic setting. Therefore, reliable, fast, sensitive and cost-effective methods for routine tissue based molecular diagnostics are required that allow the assessment of the @entity14 mutational status in a high throughput fashion. METHODS: We have developed a custom designed assay for routine @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ) (MassARRAY, Agena Bioscience) analysis to test the presence/absence of 18 @entity984 , 14 @entity8497 and 4 @entity817 mutations. We have applied this assay to 93 samples from @entity1 with @entity14 and have compared the results with Sanger sequencing and a chip hybridization assay ( @entity984 LCD-array Kit, Chipron). In cases with discordant results, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed. RESULTS: @entity3928 detected a @entity984 mutation in 46/93 (49%), a @entity8497 mutation in 2/93 (2%) and a @entity817 mutation in 1/93 (1%) of the cases. @entity3928 results were in agreement with results obtained by combination of the two other methods in 92 (99%) of 93 cases. In 1/93 (1%) of the cases a @entity22563 mutation has been detected by Sanger sequencing and @entity3928 , but not by the chip assay. In this case, NGS has confirmed the @entity22563 mutation in @entity984 . CONCLUSIONS: Mutational analysis by @entity3928 is a reliable method for routine diagnostic use, which can be easily extended for testing of additional mutations.

title: Detection of @entity984 , @entity8497 and XXXX by mass spectrometry - a sensitive, reliable, fast and cost-effective technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity22563 :: ('p|SUB|G|12|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G12V']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['mass-spectrometric', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2240 , an oral multitarget @entity669 kinase inhibitor and standard first-line treatment for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), is generally administered on a 6-week schedule (4  weeks on/2  weeks off). However, @entity137 often leads to temporary treatment interruption, resulting in reduced treatment efficacy. In this report, we investigated whether @entity2240 administration of at a dose of 25  mg/day in a 2-weeks-on/1-week-off cycle would reduce the incidence of drug-related side effects while maintaining drug efficacy. FINDINGS: A total of six @entity1 with @entity1358 were orally administered @entity2240 at a dose of 25 mg/day in a 2-weeks-on/1-week-off regimen until intolerable @entity137 occurred. All enrolled @entity1 were assessed for @entity137 and response. The median treatment period was 24 months (range, 9-40 months). Objective responses were as follows: disease stabilization of >6 months was achieved in all @entity1 . The most important @entity137 were @entity1398 , fatigue, and @entity644 , but all were controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity2240 at 25  mg/day in a 2-weeks-on/1-week-off regimen to Japanese @entity1 can avoid drug-related @entity137 while achieving the same dose intensity as a 6-week schedule. Because these data were derived from a small number of @entity1 , future prospective studies of modified @entity2240 administration schedules are warranted.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of a low-dose, 2-week administration of @entity2240 followed by a week rest (2/1 schedule) for XXXX : a single center experience of six cases.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity', 'toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['mRCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Long-segment @entity6184 in @entity1 and small @entity1 is difficult to manage and can be life-threatening. A retrospective review of 12 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity9933 between 1996 and 2004 was conducted. The @entity1 ' median age was 3.6 months. All @entity1 had @entity6184 involving 40-61% (median, 50%) of the length of the @entity825 , which was suspected to be associated with complete @entity8276 . Five @entity1 had proximal @entity850 also. Ten @entity1 had associated @entity299 . Three different techniques were performed; pericardial patch tracheoplasty (n=4), tracheal autograft tracheoplasty (n=6), and slide tracheoplasty (n=2). After pericardial tracheoplasty, there were 2 early and 2 late deaths. All @entity1 survived after autograft and slide tracheoplasty except one who died of @entity55 one year after the autograft tracheoplasty. The duration of ventilator support was 6-40 days after autograft and 6-7 days after slide tracheoplasty. The duration of hospital stay was 13-266 days after autograft and 19-21 days after slide tracheoplasty. Repeated bronchoscopic examinations were required after pericardial and autograft tracheoplasty. These data demonstrate that pericardial patch tracheoplasty show poor results, whereas autograft or slide tracheoplasty gives excellent short- and long-term results.

title: Repair of long-segment XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis', 'diffuse tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity9933 :: ('MESH:C536975', 'Disease') :: ['congenital tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal ring']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stenosis']

answer: @entity9933 :: (MESH:C536975,Disease) :: ['congenital tracheal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a randomized study, we recently documented that a vigorous, hospital-based exercise training (ET) program improves coronary endothelial function in @entity453 . The aim of this consecutive study was to assess whether a home-based exercise program with reduced average training duration can sustain previously achieved effects on coronary endothelial function. METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity301 documented by @entity934 -induced vasoconstriction were randomly assigned to a training group (n = 10) or a control group (n = 9). After 4 weeks of inhospital training (60 min of bicycle ergometry per day), all training @entity1 were enrolled in a 5-month home-based program of 20 minutes' ergometry training per day and 1 group training session per week. At baseline, after 4 weeks and 6 months, endothelium-mediated vasodilation was assessed by quantitative coronary angiography after intracoronary infusions of @entity934 . Average peak velocity (APV) was measured with a Doppler wire. Coronary blood flow (CBF) was calculated by multiplying vascular cross-sectional area and APV. RESULTS: CBF increased in response to 7.2 microg/min @entity934 , from 27% +/- 11% at the beginning of the study to 110% +/- 24% after 4 weeks (P <.01 vs control group). After 6 months, the increase in CBF was lower versus inhospital training (67% +/- 18%, P <.05 vs 4 weeks). Changes in APV between 1 and 6 months correlated with daily training durations (r = 0.65, P =.03). CONCLUSIONS: Home-based ET sustained part of the effects of hospital-based ET on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in @entity453 . However, @entity934 -induced increases in CBF were lower after home-based ET, suggesting a relation between daily training duration and improvement of coronary vasomotion.

title: Home-based versus hospital-based exercise programs in XXXX with @entity453 : effects on coronary vasomotion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary endothelial dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) plays a pivotal role in the management of @entity1 with @entity1689 . Whereas endoscopic observation during ERCP permits @entity854 involving the major and minor duodenal papillae such as @entity5 or choledochocele, radiographic evaluation enables the detection of structural @entity1157 or @entity1608 . Sphincter of Oddi manometry, a technical advance of ERCP, is essential for the diagnosis of @entity1690 , which may present clinically as recurrent @entity788 . Because structural alterations of the pancreatic duct forms the hallmark of chronic @entity788 , ERCP is highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing chronic @entity788 . Apart from its diagnostic role, ERCP offers a variety of possibilities for therapeutic interventions in selected problems associated with @entity788 . Endoscopic papillectomy and mucosal resection for @entity5 of the papilla, unroofing of a choledochocele, and sphincterotomy for sphincter ablation in @entity1690 are some of the therapeutic interventions possible during ERCP. @entity101 , which is considered to be the major pathophysiologic mechanism for disabling @entity490 in chronic @entity788 , also can be managed by ERCP-directed treatments. Pancreatic sphincterotomy, dilation of strictures, lithotripsy, extraction of @entity1608 , and deployment of endoprosthesis constitute the commonly used therapeutic techniques in this situation. Besides offering a noninvasive alternative, these treatments are associated with a favorable clinical outcome comparable with that of operative treatments. Nevertheless, complications such as @entity656 , @entity548 , perforation, or @entity295 may occur in 5% to 10% of @entity1 undergoing these procedures. Therefore, careful selection of @entity1 , appropriate preoperative care, and a team approach, including surgeon, interventional radiologist, and endoscopist, are important.

title: The role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter of Oddi dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['papillary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of pancreaticobiliary ducts like strictures']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['recognition of abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['acute and chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2259 is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in @entity3124 adults. No previous randomized controlled trials have directly compared shorter versus longer durations of antimicrobial treatment in these @entity1 . METHODS/DESIGN: This is a multicenter pilot randomized controlled trial in @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity2259 . Eligible @entity1 will be adults with a positive blood culture with pathogenic bacteria identified while in the intensive care unit. Eligible, consented @entity1 will be randomized to either 7  days or 14  days of adequate antimicrobial treatment for the causative pathogen(s) detected on blood cultures. The diversity of pathogens and treatment regimens precludes blinding of @entity1 and clinicians, but allocation concealment will be extended to day 7 and outcome adjudicators will be blinded. The primary outcome for the main trial will be 90-day mortality. The primary outcome for the pilot trial is feasibility defined by (i) rate of recruitment exceeding 1 @entity1 per site per month and (ii) adherence to treatment duration protocol   >=    90%. Secondary outcomes include intensive care unit, hospital and 90-day mortality rates, relapse rates of @entity2259 , antibiotic-related side effects and adverse events, rates of @entity2718 infection, rates of secondary infection or colonization with antimicrobial resistant organisms, ICU and hospital lengths of stay, mechanical ventilation and vasopressor duration in intensive care unit, and @entity1904 levels on the day of randomization, and day 7, 10 and 14 after the index blood culture. DISCUSSION: The BALANCE pilot trial will inform the design and execution of the subsequent BALANCE main trial, which will evaluate shorter versus longer duration treatment for @entity2259 in @entity3124 @entity1 , and thereby provide an evidence basis for treatment duration decisions for these infections. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Pilot Trial was registered on 26 September 2014. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02261506 .

title: XXXX Antibiotic Length Actually Needed for Clinical Effectiveness (BALANCE): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Bacteremia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) and @entity6 end points in pediatric @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 , recorded from 1995 up to September 2013 in the @entity6 Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation database (n  =  54   911, <16  years of age, 47% @entity1 ), were analyzed. The @entity1 ' height, weight, and body mass index @entity214 , glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); @entity2690 dose; @entity101 and @entity2299 prevalence; rate of hypoglycemic events; and @entity1270 were compared between @entity1 with and without @entity4932 . To adjust for age, sex, @entity6 duration, and migration background, data were analyzed in hierarchic multivariable regression models. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity4932 in type 1 @entity6 was 106 of 54   911 @entity1 ; 66% were @entity1 . @entity6 onset was earlier in @entity1 with @entity4932 (7.2  years vs 8.3  years, P  =  .04). @entity1 with @entity4932 were smaller ( @entity214 : -0.22 vs 0.09, P  =  .004). Correspondingly, weight @entity214 was lower in @entity1 with @entity4932 (-0.02 vs 0.22, P  =  .01). Body mass index @entity214 did not differ. HbA1c was marginally lower in @entity1 with @entity4932 (63  mmol/mol [8.0%] vs 67  mmol/mol [8.3%], P  =  .06). @entity2690 requirement was greater in @entity1 with @entity4932 (1.03 vs 0.93 @entity2690 units/weight/day, P  =  .003). @entity101 and @entity2299 were comparable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4932 -prevalence in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 (0.19%) was considerably greater than in the general population (0.05%). Growth is influenced negatively by @entity4932 . Surprisingly, HbA1c was somewhat lower in @entity1 with @entity4932 , possibly because of a more intensive treatment or a latent @entity2142 caused by the @entity32 .

title: Comorbidity of Type 1 XXXX and @entity4932 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: We report a nosocomial outbreak due to adenovirus in a paediatric respiratory unit serving a poor socio-economic community. Of 207 @entity1 admitted during an eight-month period, 24% were neonates; the median age of the remainder was 10 months. Thirty-two cases were found to be infected with adenovirus and of these 67% died. Nine were already infected with adenovirus when admitted. Twenty-three acquired the infection after admission, giving an incidence of nosocomial acquisition of 12% with a 91% mortality rate. All but one of the adenovirus infected @entity1 were being ventilated and had an endotracheal tube in place. Nosocomial spread was likely to have been from the hands of attendants, especially those manipulating suction catheters and endotracheal tube or ventilator connections. Risk factors for acquiring @entity580 were young age: all but two were < 1 year of age, and a relatively prolonged ward stay necessitated by the nature of the primary condition ( @entity55 , @entity5924 , @entity3617 , @entity116 ). The measures that were taken to control spread of the virus are described. Despite these, primary cases of @entity9504 re-introduced the virus regularly over the study period. The genome analysis showed adenovirus types to be 7c2 and 7c.

title: Nosocomial XXXX in a paediatric respiratory unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheo bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity9504 :: (MESH:D000257,Disease) :: ['adenovirus infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and major @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in Chinese population and explore an optimal range of BMI among adult Chinese in terms of prevention of @entity65 . METHODS: Relevant data of 881 498 Chinese @entity1 aged 18 and over in the Third National Sampling Survey on @entity101 held in 1991 were collected. The distribution of body weight and height and the relationship between BMI and prevalence of @entity65 were analyzed. RESULTS: The average BMI was 21.7 kg/m(2) +/- 3.1 kg/m(2), 21.5 kg/m(2) +/- 2.9 kg/m(2),and 21.8 kg/m(2) +/- 3.3 kg/m(2) for the whole surveyed adults, the males and females respectively. The BMI was on the upward trend along with the age, reached the peak at the age 45 approximately 54, and then on a downward trend. The mean BMI was 22.4 kg/m(2) +/- 3.3 kg/m(2) for the northern population, 21.5 kg/m(2) +/- 3.0 kg/m(2) for the western population, and 21.1 kg/m(2) +/- 2.9 kg/m(2) for the southern population with a significantly difference between any two groups (all P < 0.01). The higher the mean BMI, the greater the prevalence of @entity101 , @entity583 and @entity64 . The odds ratios for @entity101 , @entity583 and @entity64 among those with the BMI >/= 25.0 approximately < 28 kg/m(2) were 2.8, 3.1, and 2.6 respectively, and were 4.8, 4.0, and 2.9 respectively among those with the BMI >/= 28 kg/m(2) (all P < 0.01) in comparison with the values among those with the BMI < 25.0 kg/m(2) after adjustment for age, and smoking and drinking habits using multivariate Logistic regression model. The odds ratio for clustering of >/= 2 kinds of diseases was 2.9 approximately 4.9 among those with the BMI >/= 25 approximately < 28 kg/m(2) and 3.4 approximately 8.9 among those with the BMI >/= 28 (P < 0.01 in comparison with that among those with the BMI < 25 kg/m(2)). The risks of @entity583 and @entity101 by BMI were greater than the risk of @entity64 . CONCLUSION: BMI less than 25 kg/m(2) is considered as an optimal range among Chinese adults. The BMI values of 25 kg/m(2) and 28 kg/m(2) can be recommended as thresholds of overweight and @entity28 for Chinese adults aged >/=18 respectively.

title: [Relationship between body mass index and major XXXX in Chinese population].

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: @entity1 may complain of @entity158 at the injection site after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of @entity1307 (EPO). @entity158 due to s.c. EPO into the thigh was evaluated in 60 hemodialysis @entity1 in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Identical volumes and concentrations (2000 IU in 0.5 ml) of @entity1391 -buffered epoetin-alpha (EPO-alpha ph), @entity1792 -buffered epoetin-alpha (EPO-alpha ci) and epoetin-beta (EPO-beta) were compared to 0.5 ml of 0.9% saline ( @entity2697 ), used as placebo. The @entity1 received the 4 injections at the same occasion. For @entity158 evaluation, a verbal scale ranging from no @entity158 (5) and a 10 cm ungraduated visual analogue score (VAS) (0 = no @entity158 , 10 = @entity158 ) were used. Treatment acceptance was assessed (yes/no) and expressed as a percentage of the population. Ranking of the preparations from 1 to 4 according to increasing local discomfort was performed. Median @entity158 scores and interquartile ranges were 1.0 (0-2) for @entity2697 , 0.0 (0-2) for EPO-beta, 1.5 (0-3) for EPO-alpha ph (p < or = 0.05 vs @entity2697 and EPO-beta) and 3.0 (2-4) for EPO-alpha ci (p < or = 0.001 vs EPO-alpha ph). VAS was 0.9 (0.5-2.5) for @entity2697 , 0.9 (0.4-2.4) for EPO-beta, 2.7 (0.8-5.7) for EPO-alpha ph (p < or = 0.001 vs @entity2697 and EPO-beta) and 4.2 (1.7-6.4) for EPO-alpha ci (p < or = 0.001 vs EPO-alpha ph). Treatment acceptance was 73% for @entity2697 , 78% for EPO-beta, 60% for EPO-alpha ph (p < or = 0.05 vs EPO-beta) and 32% for EPO-alpha ci (p < or = 0.05 vs EPO-alpha ph). Ranking was 2 (1-3) for @entity2697 , 2 (1-2) for EPO-beta, 3 (1-4) for EPO-alpha ph (p < or = 0.05 vs @entity2697 and EPO-beta) and 4 (3-4) for EPO-alpha ci (p < or = 0.05 vs @entity2697 and EPO-beta) and 4 (3-4) for EPO-alpha ci (p < or = 0.001 vs EPO-alpha ph). In conclusion, s.c. EPO-alpha ph is better accepted than s.c. EPO-alpha ci. However, s.c. EPO-beta is less @entity158 .

title: @entity158 at the injection site of subcutaneously administered @entity1307 : @entity1391 -buffered epoetin alpha compared to XXXX -buffered epoetin alpha and epoetin beta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['verbal pain', 'Local pain', 'pain', 'maximal pain', 'pain (0) to extremely painful', 'painful']

answer: @entity1792 :: (MESH:D019343,Chemical) :: ['citrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To emphasize that delay in diagnosis of @entity2 can be caused by the wrong diagnosis of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) in @entity378 endemic countries. This is of major concern as early-diagnosis of @entity2 can increase the chance of @entity5 resectability and timely chemo-radiotherapy may provide better quality of life. METHODS: @entity2 @entity1 , who had received anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) since onset of current symptoms, were studied retrospectively during the period of Nov-07 to Nov-08. DATA-SOURCE: @entity1 interview and medical records. RESULTS: Total of 14 out of 70 @entity1 received wrong diagnosis of @entity378 and had received ATT (male-12, female-2; mean age 58.07-/+6.81; @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) -12, @entity151 ( @entity151 ) -2), 12 were smokers with median smoking pack-years of 44(15 to 112). Pre-referral sputum acid fast bacilli (AFB) was done in only 3 out of these 14 @entity1 and sputum AFB was negative in these 3 @entity1 . ATT was started on the basis of chest X-ray finding and clinical symptoms. Mean duration of ATT taken was 4.46-/+3.15 months. CONCLUSION: Due to high @entity378 prevalence and radiological similarities, a large number of @entity2 @entity1 initially get wrongly treated for @entity378 . Also, clinicians associate @entity2 with high case-fatality and start ATT without detailed investigation. Altogether, this leads to delay in diagnosis and @entity74 .

title: A common medical error: @entity2 misdiagnosed as sputum negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'Proven lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non Small Cell Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progression of disease']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['Small Cell Lung Cancer', 'SCLC']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard treatment modality for @entity5 ( @entity5 ), but the optimal timing of radiation is controversial. Prolonged oral @entity2879 has the advantage of prolonged exposure, which possibly leads to improved clinical outcome. We conducted a phase II trial of early concurrent CRT, starting from the very beginning of the first cycle of chemotherapy for previously untreated @entity5 . METHODS: Chemotherapy was given for six cycles, each consisting of oral @entity2879 (50 mg/m(2) daily from day 1 to 14) and intravenous @entity900 (75 mg/m(2) on day 1), every 3 weeks. @entity1514 radiation therapy was given from day 1 of the first cycle of chemotherapy, administered at 2.0 Gy in 22 daily fractions to a total dose of 44 Gy. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 were enrolled. The median age was 60 years (range, 42-77 years), including 15 @entity1 (34%) over 65 years-of-age. We observed a complete response rate of 52% (95% CI, 37-67%), and an overall response rate of 88% in an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Median overall survival was 14.9 months (95% CI, 11.4-18.3 months) and the median time to progression was 10.8 months (95% CI, 9.3-12.4 months) for the ITT population. In 220 cycles, grade 3-4 @entity1398 was observed in 48% of cycles and grade 3-4 @entity882 in 30% of cycles. @entity221 was observed in 18 @entity1 (41%). CONCLUSIONS: Early concurrent CRT, starting from the very beginning of the first cycle of chemotherapy with prolonged oral @entity2879 and @entity900 failed to show any improvement in survival compared with other CRT regimens.

title: Early concurrent chemoradiotherapy with prolonged oral @entity2879 and XXXX for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['limited-stage small-cell lung cancer', 'LSCLC']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity750 from the descending @entity158 modulatory pathway is critical to nociceptive processing. Its effects on @entity158 modulation may either be inhibitory or facilitatory, depending on the type of @entity158 and which receptors are involved. Little is known about the role of serotonergic systems in bladder nociceptive processing. These studies examined the effect of systemic administration of the @entity750 precursor, @entity48485 ( @entity48485 ), on normal bladder and somatic sensation in @entity35 . ELISA was used to quantify peripheral and central changes in @entity750 and its major metabolite following @entity48485 administration, and the potential role of the @entity5376 on changes in bladder sensation elicited by @entity48485 was investigated. @entity48485 produced bladder @entity56 and somatic analgesia. The pro-nociceptive effect of @entity48485 was attenuated by intrathecal, but not systemic, ondansetron. Peripheral increases in @entity750 , its metabolism and rate of turnover were detectable within 30min of @entity48485 administration. Significant enhancement of @entity750 metabolism was observed centrally. These findings suggest that @entity48485 increases @entity750 , which may then affect descending facilitatory systems to produce bladder @entity56 via activation of spinal 5-HT3 receptors.

title: @entity750 enhances urinary bladder nociceptive processing via a XXXX mechanism.

entities_list: @entity48485 :: ('D006916', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptophan', '5-HTP']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

answer: @entity5376 :: (79246(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['5-HT3 receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reports have shown inadequate response to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with @entity117 and @entity1397 in 5-30% of @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), due mostly to @entity1397 resistance. This prevalence increases up to 66% in @entity1 undergoing neurointerventional procedures. However, clinical significance of @entity4433 genotypes in neurointerventional procedures or @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to update our current knowledge and understanding of the pharmacogenetic basis for poor @entity1397 responsiveness in @entity1 undergoing @entity2998 and endovascular interventions as well as to explore usefulness of genotyping to reduce the rate of procedure-related @entity715 that results in @entity63 complications. METHOD: A literature search for pharmacogenetic studies in cerebral endovascular interventions and @entity2998 was conducted on three databases using a list of the most relevant pharmacogenetic biomarkers. RESULTS: The review included 7 papers involving 3 genetic polymorphisms on @entity4433 and 442 subjects. @entity1 harboring at least one loss-of-function @entity4433 polymorphism (e.g., @entity4433 *2 and *3) are at an increased risk of @entity1031 complications such as stent @entity715 following neurointerventional procedures. Notably, @entity1 who carry the gain-of-function @entity4433 *17 allele may have increased risk of @entity63 events following endovascular treatment, independent of @entity1397 responsiveness. CONCLUSION: Studies assessing the influence of @entity4433 polymorphisms on high on-treatment platelet reactivity in @entity2998 and @entity66 @entity1 are still limited and need further validation in large multicenter studies. This review covers an important topic in the field of antiplatelet therapy for cerebral endovascular procedures and @entity2998 .

title: Potential Usefulness of XXXX Pharmacogenetics in Cerebral Endovascular Procedures and Carotid Artery Stenting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['Clopidogrel']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To reduce the high mortality rate of @entity5 there are organized, nation-wide mass-screening programmes. AIM: To assess the screening rate, the cost of screening and treatment and to calculate the expected epidemiological and economic gain and cost-effectiveness of mass-screening programme. METHODS: The data derive from the financial database of the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary from 2001. To assess the screening rate the authors used the code "No. 29601 cytological examination for screening" of out- @entity1 care. The cost of treatment includes the cost of out- @entity1 care, the acute and chronic inpatient care, the subsidies of medicines' prices and the expenditure on disability to work (including sickness-pay). The expected benefits of the screening programme were modelled with changing the screening interval. RESULTS: The screening rates for 1999, 2000 and 2001 were 14.5%, 16.2% and 15.6% respectively, while the 3 year screening rate for 1999-2001 were 35.7%. The cost of treatment of @entity5 were around 1 billion Hungarian forint in 2001. The cost of one life saved according to the current screening strategy was 16.6 million Hungarian forints (57.792 USD) with a successful screening programme, while with a less successful program it was 33.8 million Hungarian forint (118.093 USD). The cost of one life year gained according to the current screening strategy was 0.7 million Hungarian forints (2.513 USD) with a successful screening programme, while with a less successful program it was 1.5 million Hungarian forint (5.134 USD). CONCLUSION: It is important to increase the screening rate. With increasing the screening interval for @entity1 aged between 25-65 from 1 year to 2 or 3 years, it improves the cost-effectiveness of screening programme.

title: [Health economics analysis of XXXX screening].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: @entity8351 is an @entity74 caused by deficiency of @entity42064 ( @entity42064 ). The resulting intracellular accumulation of @entity3913 -containing oligosaccharides leads to @entity1032 , @entity393 , skeletal changes, and @entity465 . Recently, we reported the first @entity8351 -causing mutation affecting two Palestinian siblings. In the present study 21 novel mutations and four polymorphic @entity535 positions were identified by the screening of 43 @entity1 , from 39 families, mainly of European origin. Disease-causing mutations were identified in 72% of the alleles and included eight splicing, six missense, and three nonsense mutations, as well as two small insertions and two small deletions. In addition, Southern blot analysis indicated rearrangements in some alleles. Most mutations were private or occurred in two or three families, except for a missense mutation resulting in an @entity64201 substitution. This mutation was found in 13 @entity1 , from different European countries, and accounted for 21% of the disease alleles. Although there were clinical variations among the @entity1 , no significant @entity42064 activity could be detected in any of the fibroblast cultures. In addition, no correlation between the types of mutations and the clinical manifestations was evident.

title: Spectrum of mutations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity42064 :: ('4125', 'Gene') :: ['LAMAN', 'lysosomal alpha-mannosidase']

entities_list: @entity8351 :: ('MESH:D008363', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-mannosidosis', 'alpha-Mannosidosis']

answer: @entity8351 :: (MESH:D008363,Disease) :: ['alpha-mannosidosis']


abstract: @entity66 has been recognized as a central feature of smoke induced @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). Imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant enzymes is also an established fact in these @entity1 . But studies in regard to stable @entity1030 @entity1 and effect of @entity270 supplementation are lacking. Thirty @entity1 with @entity1030 were included in the study. Their baseline clinical examination, spirometry, plasma @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity1881 and red blood cell @entity224 dismutase (SOD) levels were mea sured. Twenty healthy non-smokers who were matched for age and sex served as controls. All the above parameters were repeated after 12 weeks of supplementation with 400 IU of @entity270 daily. The mean @entity1234 levels in the @entity1 at baseline were higher than controls (5.91 +/- 1.23 nmol/ml vs 4.55 +/- 1.51 nmol/ml, P = 0 001), so also was plasma @entity1881 levels (P < 0 001), while SOD levels were lower in the @entity1 compared to controls (1692 +/- 259 units g/Hb vs 2451 +/- 131 units g/Hb, P < 0 001). Exogenous @entity270 (400 IU per day) supplementation did not bring about any significant change in plasma @entity1881 and SOD levels. The Pearson s co-efficient of correlation between the levels of @entity1865 , @entity270 , SOD; and spirometric measurements were not significant either on day 1 or after 12 weeks of @entity270 supplementation. The present study shows that initially the plasma lipid @entity2625 ( @entity1865 ) levels are high and antioxidants ( @entity1881 and SOD) are low in @entity1 with @entity1030 . Exogenous supplementation with @entity270 does not have any significant effect on the spirometric measurements though it brings down the levels of @entity1865 showing attenuation of further damage. However, inclusion of larger number of @entity1 and supple mentation with @entity270 for longer periods may throw more light on free @entity130 and protective effects of antioxidants.

title: Effects of exogenous @entity270 supplementation on the levels of oxidants and antioxidants in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['radical injury']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An efficacious @entity6763 ) vaccine has been used for many years. However, in the past few years, abortion and @entity1576 have occurred after administration of the modified live vaccine. To investigate whether @entity4374 isolates from disease outbreaks are identical to those of the vaccines used, selected regions of the @entity4374 genome were investigated by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis and PCR-DNA sequencing. When a target region within the @entity1014 kinase (TK) gene was examined by HRM analysis, 6 out of the 11 isolates from abortion cases and 22 out of the 25 isolates from @entity291 @entity1576 (BRD) cases had different melting curves compared to the vaccine virus. Surprisingly, when a conserved region within the US6 gene that encodes @entity20363 (gD) was examined by HRM analysis, 5 out of the 11 abortion isolates and 18 out of the 23 BRD isolates had different melting curves from the vaccine virus. To determine whether SNPs within the coding regions of glycoprotein E (gE) and TK genes can be used to differentiate the isolates from the vaccine virus, PCR-DNA sequencing was used to examine these SNPs in all the isolates. This revealed that only 1 out of 11 of the abortion isolates and 4 out of 24 of the BRD isolates are different in the target region of gE from the vaccine virus, while 5 out of 11 abortion isolates and 4 out of 22 BRD isolates are different in the target region of TK from the vaccine virus. No DNA sequence differences were observed in glycoprotein G (gG) region between disease and vaccine isolates. Our study demonstrated that many disease isolates had genetic differences from the vaccine virus in regions examined by HRM and PCR-DNA sequencing analysis. In addition, many isolates contained more than one type of mutation and were composed of mixed variants. Our study suggests that a mixture of variants were present in isolates collected post-vaccination. HRM is a rapid diagnostic method that can be used for rapid differentiation of clinical isolates from vaccine strains.

title: Differentiation of XXXX isolates from vaccine virus by high-resolution melting analysis.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases', 'respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity6763 :: ('10320', 'Species') :: ['bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BHV-1']

answer: @entity4374 :: (35252,Species) :: ['BHV-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) progressively leads to electrical remodeling (ER) and @entity5707 ( @entity5707 ), whose relationships in @entity1 remain poorly known. METHODS: ER and @entity5707 were compared in @entity1 undergoing percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation for @entity955 . ER was defined by right and left appendage activation rates as a surrogate for atrial refractory periods. @entity5707 was approached by left atrial (LA) diameters and area and left atrial appendage (LAA) area and contractile function (mean emptying flow velocity) (LAAFV) before RF ablation. Mean duration between successive LAA contractions was considered as LAA mechanical rate. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 (31 @entity1 , age: 64    9 years) with paroxysmal (27%), persistent (61%), or long-persistent @entity955 (12%) were prospectively included (ejection fraction: 44    16%). Parameters exploring @entity5707 were highly correlated to each other: LA area (28    7 cm(2) ), LAA area (5.7    2.25 cm(2) ), LA transverse (49    7 mm), and anteroposterior diameter (59    13 mm) or LAAFV (29    13 cm/s; P < 0.05 for each comparison). Parameters exploring ER were also highly correlated: right atrial appendage (RAA; 181    39 ms) and LAA (176    33 ms) activation rates (P < 0.0001). There was no significant correlation between any ER and @entity5707 parameter. Only LAA mechanical rate (174    36 ms) was correlated to LAA or RAA activations rates (P  <= 0.01). CONCLUSION: ER and @entity5707 are not mutually related, atrial activation rate being not correlated to LA or LAA size or function. Thus, the mechanisms leading to @entity955 -induced atrial remodeling may differ for anatomical and electrophysiological aspects.

title: Lack of Correlations between Electrophysiological and Anatomical-Mechanical Atrial Remodeling in XXXX with @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['anatomical-mechanical remodeling', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity519 ( @entity519 ) is a @entity27 ( @entity27 ), which induces @entity131 mediated by oxidative stress. This study aims to examine the neuroprotective mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) against @entity519 -induced spatial @entity2414 . Adult @entity35 were exposed to @entity519 treatment resembling a severe @entity27 for a week. The animals were orally fed with LBP solution (1mg/kg) daily 2 hours prior to @entity519 or in air for the control. The effect of LBP on the spatial memory and levels of oxidative stress, @entity32 , endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis and neurogenesis in the hippocampus was examined. There was a significant @entity2414 and an elevated level of @entity1234 with a decreased expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, @entity35866 ) in the @entity519 group when compared with the normoxic control. In addition, redox-sensitive nuclear factor kappa B (NF  B) canonical pathway was activated with a translocation of NF  B members ( @entity12149 , p50) and increased expression levels of NF  B-dependent inflammatory cytokines and mediator ( @entity1505 , @entity3426 , @entity4665 ); also, a significantly elevated level of ER stress ( @entity21205 / @entity21205 , PERK, @entity21206 ) and autophagic flux in the @entity519 group, leading to neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal subfields (DG, @entity1249 , @entity1251 ). Remarkably, LBP administration normalized the elevated level of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, ER stress, autophagic flux and apoptosis induced by @entity519 . Moreover, LBP significantly mitigated both the caspase-dependent intrinsic ( @entity2310 , @entity1976 , cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-3) and extrinsic ( @entity52534 , cleaved caspase-8, @entity31358 ) signaling apoptotic cascades. Furthermore, LBP administration prevented the spatial @entity2414 and enhanced the hippocampal neurogenesis induced by @entity519 . Our results suggest that LBP is neuroprotective against @entity519 -induced @entity2414 by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and negatively modulating the apoptotic signaling cascades activated by oxidative stress and @entity32 .

title: Neuroprotective Mechanism of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides against Hippocampal-Dependent Spatial XXXX in a @entity35 Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal injuries']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSA', 'hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA condition']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['CIH', 'hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'Chronic intermittent hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal-dependent spatial memory deficits', 'memory deficits', 'deficit in the spatial memory', 'memory deficit']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['Memory Deficits']


abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of psychological correction in groups to decrease @entity308 among senior schoolchildren. Data of 87 (53 @entity1 and 34 @entity1 ) @entity308 schoolchildren, who participated in the sessions for developing communication skills were analyzed. @entity308 was assessed by the @entity308 scale of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for Adolescents. Communication skills training method consisted of ten structured hourly sessions. The effectiveness of psychological correction was assessed by the Abbreviated self-awareness scale and the @entity308 scale of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for Adolescents. The results showed decrease in @entity308 and self-worth both among @entity1 and @entity1 (p<0.005). Among @entity1 decrease in average present self-worth scores was noted, while among @entity1 decrease in average present self-worth and average self-worth deviation. @entity308 as well as self-worth decreased better among @entity1 and @entity1 , which had attended most sessions (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS. Psychological correction enabled adolescents to decrease the manifestation of @entity308 , and to increase their self-worth: they became more active, communicable, optimistic and in a better mood. @entity308 among @entity1 decreased better among adolescents, who attended most sessions. @entity308 decreased better among @entity1 irrespective of their involvement in the sessions, and among actively involved @entity1 . Self-awareness among @entity1 and @entity1 increased better among adolescents, who attended most sessions. Self-awareness increased better among @entity1 irrespective of their involvement in the sessions, and among actively involved @entity1 .

title: [Possibilities of group psychological correction of XXXX among adolescents].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressiveness', 'Depression', 'Depressiveness', 'depressive']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressiveness']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the cut-off value of the @entity3971 red-impregnated thread test (Zone-Quick((R)), Menicon trade mark ) for the diagnosis of @entity10632 using the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) procedure and to estimate the agreement with the Schirmer I test (without anesthetics). MATERIAL: and methods: Fifty-four consecutive @entity1 (including 50 females) with @entity936 , presumably related to an @entity1200 , were recruited on the basis of subjective ocular symptoms and medical history ( @entity10632 ). Both the @entity3971 red thread (PRT) test and the Schirmer I test (testing periods, 15s and 5min, respectively) were performed in both eyes in random order. Only the lowest result for each test was used in statistical analyses. The same procedure was applied to 29 normal volunteers (no subjective symptoms). The @entity1 and the control groups were matched for age and gender (mean age, 58.1 and 59.6, respectively). RESULTS: The ROC procedure showed that a cut-off value of 12mm in the PRT test provided the best ratio between sensitivity and specificity (56% and 69%, respectively) for the detection of @entity936 . Using this threshold, the agreement with the Schirmer I test was highly significant (kappa test; P<10(-3)). However, discordant results were observed in 32% of subjects. CONCLUSION: Giving a cut-off value at 12mm, the sensitivity and specificity of the PRT are 56% and 69%, respectively. Even if the agreement with the Schirmer I test is highly significant, 32% of @entity1 have discordant results. These two methods of functional assessment of tear secretion are therefore complementary and further studies remain necessary to better understand the place of both tests in clinical practice.

title: [The @entity3971 red thread first results for the assessment of the cut-off value in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune disorder']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ['sicca syndrome', 'ocular sicca syndrome']

answer: @entity10632 :: (MESH:D012859,Disease) :: ['ocular sicca syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The red cell distribution width-platelet ratio(RPR), a novel inflammatory marker has currently predicted @entity32 in @entity102 . It may be associated with adverse outcomes among @entity455 but its prognostic value in @entity10260 -segment elevation @entity583 (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention(pPCI) has not been fully investigated. There is no data regarding the association between RPR and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs). This study evaluated the relations between pre-procedural RPR and the in-hospital and long-term outcomes in STEMI @entity1 undergoing pPCI. METHODS: This study included 580 STEMI @entity1 (77% @entity1 , mean age=59  12 years). The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) flow grades after primary PCI. No-reflow was defined as a post-PCI TIMI flow grade of 0, 1 or 2(Group 1). Angiographic success was defined as TIMI flow grade 3 (Group 2). RESULTS: WBC count, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages, RDW, platecrit, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and RPR values were higher among @entity1 with no-reflow. On multivariate analysis, @entity158 to balloon time, multivessel disease, TIMI @entity715 grade, @entity6541 , @entity117 , previous CAD, NLR, platecrit and RPR remained independent predictors of no reflow after primary PCI. @entity1 in no-reflow group tended to be higher percent in-hospital MACE, including nonfatal MI and @entity12463 compared to those of reflow @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Admission NLR, platecrit and RPR are independent correlates of no-reflow and in-hospital MACEs among @entity1 with STEMI undergoing pPCI.

title: Predictive value of admission red cell distribution width-platelet ratio for no-reflow phenomenon in acute XXXX segment elevation @entity583 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity6541 :: ('CHEBI:9605', 'Chemical') :: ['tirofiban']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity12463 :: ('MESH:D031261', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovacular mortality']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity10260 :: (MESH:C535661,Disease) :: ['ST']