abstract: @entity602 ( @entity602 ) represents an acceptable treatment modality for @entity1 with chronic @entity951 refractory to standard therapy, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. To develop an experimental paradigm to study this issue, ameroid (AM) constrictors were implanted around the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) in @entity235 . Six weeks later, unipolar electrograms were recorded from 191 sites in the LCx territory in the open-chest, anesthetized state under basal pacing at 150 beats/min. We investigated the effect of @entity602 on @entity1347 induced in the collateral-dependent myocardium in response to two stressors: (i) transient bouts of rapid ventricular pacing (TRP: 240/min for 1 min) and (ii) angiotensin II administered to right atrial neurons via their coronary artery blood supply. ST segment responses to TRP consisted of ST segment elevation in central areas of the LCx territory and ST @entity308 at more peripheral areas. Such responses were unchanged when TRP was applied under @entity602 . Shortening of repolarization intervals in the metabolically compromised myocardium in response to TRP was also unaffected by @entity602 . In contrast, ST segment responses to intracoronary angiotensin II, which consisted of increased ST elevation, were attenuated by @entity602 in 6/8 preparations. The modulator effects of @entity602 were greatest at sites at which the greatest responses to @entity11502 occurred in the absence of @entity602 . These data indicate that spinal cord stimulation may attenuate the deleterious effects that stressors exert on the myocardium with reduced coronary reserve, particularly stressors associated with chemical activation of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system.

title: Spinal cord activation differentially modulates ischaemic electrical responses to different stressors in XXXX ventricles.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment displacements']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin II']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate the level of @entity458 after @entity130 and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, memory from the ICU, and predictors for @entity458 at 12 months. METHODS: Prospective single center study in a @entity130 referral center for Eastern and Southern Norway. @entity1 were 150 @entity130 @entity1 treated in an ICU for > 24 hours. Assessments were performed after discharge, at 3 months, and at 12 months using the Impact of Event Scale, Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 Scale, ICU memory tool, and Life Orientation Test-Revised. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean Impact of Event scores were 22.7 decreasing to 18.4 at 12 months (p = 0.039). At 1-year follow-up, mean @entity148 scores were 5.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6-6.4) and @entity308 scores 3.8 (95% CI: 3.1-4.5). Factual memories from ICU (odds ratio [OR] 6.58, [95% CI: 2.01-21.52], p = 0.002), low educational level (OR 0.29, [95% CI: 0.10-0.86] p = 0.025), not having care of @entity1 (OR 0.14, [95% CI: 0.04-0.47] p = 0.002), and female gender (OR 2.95, [95% CI: 1.04-8.34] p = 0.042) predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms at 12 months. @entity148 at 12 months was predicted only by pessimism (OR 0.83, [95% CI: 0.75-0.93] p = 0.001). @entity308 at 12 months was predicted by being out of work before the injury (OR 3.64, [95% CI: 1.11-11.94] p = 0.033) and pessimism (OR 0.83, [95% CI: 0.73-0.93] p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 suffer from posttraumatic stress symptoms, @entity148 , and @entity308 after @entity130 and ICU stay. The strongest predictors of @entity458 12 months after discharge were having factual memories from the ICU stay, being pessimistic, and being out of work before the injury.

title: XXXX after severe @entity130 : a prospective 1-year follow-up study of a @entity130 intensive care unit population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychologic distress']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Psychological distress']


abstract: Live vaccine prepared from @entity3639 -dependent mutants of @entity526 was well tolerated in various doses and at various times of administration, for there were no adverse reactions. There was no evidence of reversion to a virulent form. Efficacy was closely related to frequency of application of the vaccine. Vaccination must be performed as early as possible to immunize against @entity281 during the first few days of life. It was possible to confer protection against the @entity294 that occurs at 3-4 weeks of age. The use of an oral vaccine under intensive husbandry systems was shown to be safe. When the piglets were kept in cages, the vaccine could be administered in the existing mixing tanks for water supply, without the need for special equipment. Oral immunization of @entity1707 already infected or already ill did not aggravate the existing @entity281 , whether the animals were housed individually or in pens. Because of the dilution effect of the mixing tank and water supply pipes, the dose of vaccine, given on ten successive days, should be calculated at 10(9) organisms of the @entity526 mutant per animal. This should supply a number close to the desired bacterial count of 10(10) organisms per animal daily. Immunization significantly reduced the frequency of @entity344 during the first three weeks of age in piglets.

title: [Immuno-prevention of coli infections in XXXX using live vaccine. 1. Use in coli infections during the 1st days of life].

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10964 is a common analgesic and antipyretic drug. However, its use has been associated with a risk of side-effects involving @entity3028 and @entity2150 . These reactions are rare and unpredictable. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the risks of these complications in Poland, where this medication is available without prescription. MATERIAL/METHODS: Six hematological centers, serving approximately 40% (ca. 15 million @entity1 ) of the country's population, participated in the study. All cases of @entity3028 and @entity2150 were recorded and their severity and association with the use of drugs, especially @entity10964 @entity1372 , were evaluated. All the @entity1 receiving cytostatic or immunosuppressive drugs were excluded. RESULTS: During the 12 months of the study, 2 cases of @entity2150 and no cases of @entity3028 were confirmed which may have been associated with the use of @entity10964 . Overall, we recorded 16 cases of @entity3028 and 27 cases of @entity2150 . The two cases of @entity10964 @entity1372 -induced @entity2150 were non-fatal in character. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the consumption of 112,300,094 tablets of @entity10964 in Poland a year, the figures obtained result in an incidence of 0.25 cases of @entity2150 @entity307 million @entity1 per day of treatment; this value being less than that for other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nevertheless, caution is recommended in the application of @entity10964 , particularly over long periods and in large doses.

title: A prospective study of the incidence of XXXX and @entity2150 associated with the oral use of metamizole sodium in Poland.

entities_list: @entity10964 :: ('MESH:D004177', 'Chemical') :: ['Metamizole', 'metamizole']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['agranulocytosis']

answer: @entity3028 :: (MESH:D000380,Disease) :: ['agranulocytosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare analgesic effectiveness, @entity282 , complications, and @entity1 ' satisfaction between two randomly allocated groups--one group that had @entity616 and another group that had @entity616 following closed hemorrhoidectomy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sixty-seven @entity1 underwent elective hemorrhoidectomy. Of these, 33 were randomly allocated to receive spinal anesthesia (SA) while 34 received perianal local analgesia (LA) with @entity1341 . @entity158 measurement at 6 and 24 hours following hemorrhoidectomy, the quantity of postoperative analgesic medication administered, @entity1 's satisfaction and complications were recorded. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 who had SA, there were 5 @entity1 (15.2%) who developed @entity551 during surgery. There was no reported case of @entity551 among those who had LA. There was no significant difference in degree of median @entity282 at 6 hours (LA: 38 vs. SA: 50 with VAS; p = 0.09) and at 24 hours (LA: 31 vs. SA: 35 with VAS; p = 0.35) between the two groups. @entity1 had a high satisfaction on both anesthetic methods. @entity1 in the SA group required more parenteral analgesics (p = 0.03) and had a higher incidence of urinary retention than those in the LA group (SA: 30.3% vs. LA: 8.8%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity616 for hemorrhoidectomy is feasible and safe and superior to @entity616 due to a lower incidence of post-op urinary retention and less requirement of parenteral analgesics post-op.

title: @entity616 versus XXXX for closed hemorrhoidectomy: a ramdomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['spinal block', 'Local perianal nerve block', 'local perianal nerve block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['spinal block']


abstract: In the present study, we investigated the involvement of Aeromonas spp. in eliciting disease outbreaks in freshwater ornamental fishes across the state of Kerala, India. We investigated three incidences of disease, in which the moribund fishes exhibited clinical signs such as @entity548 (in gouramy, Trichogaster sp.), dropsy (in @entity9215 , @entity9215 ) and tail rot/fin rot (in gold fish, @entity30947 ). Pure cultures (n  =  20 from each fish; 60 in total) of Aeromonas spp. were recovered from the abdominal fluid as well as from internal organs of affected fishes, although they could not be identified to species level because of the variations in their phenotypic characters. The molecular fingerprinting of the isolates using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR proved the genetic diversity of the isolates from the three sites. The phylogenetic trees constructed using concatenated sequences (using 16S rRNA, gyrA, gyrB and rpoD genes) indicated that they were related to @entity11673 . They exhibited marked cytotoxic and haemolytic activity, which were responsible for the pathogenic potential of the isolates. The isolates possessed multiple virulence genes such as enterotoxins (act and alt), haemolytic toxins (aerA and hlyA), genes involved in type III secretion system (ascV, aexT and ascF-ascG), glycerophospholipid- @entity165 acyltransferase (gcat) and a type IV pilus (tapA) gene, as determined by PCR. Virulence of representative isolates to @entity2083 was also tested, and we found LD(50) values of 10(4.07)-10(5.35)  cfu/fish. Furthermore, the organisms could be recovered as pure cultures from the lesions as well as from the internal organs.

title: Characterization and virulence potential of phenotypically diverse XXXX isolates recovered from moribund freshwater ornamental fishes of Kerala, India.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic septicemia']

entities_list: @entity11673 :: ('654', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas veronii']

entities_list: @entity9215 :: ('50733', 'Species') :: ['Astronotus ocellatus', 'Oscar']

entities_list: @entity30947 :: ('217509', 'Species') :: ['Carassius carassius']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity11673 :: (654,Species) :: ['Aeromonas veronii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ability to predict @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) is a critical issue in the management of @entity1 with mild @entity131 (mTBI), as early medical and rehabilitative interventions may reduce the risks of long-term cognitive changes. The aim of the present study was to investigate how diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics changed in the transition from acute to chronic phases in @entity1 with mTBI and whether the alteration relates to the development of @entity1005 . METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 with mTBI and 22 healthy volunteers were investigated. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: @entity12870 ( @entity12870 , n = 22) and poor recovery (PR, n = 21), based on neurocognitive evaluation at 1 or 6 months after injury. All @entity1 underwent magnetic resonance imaging investigation at acute (within 3 days), subacute (10-20 days), and chronic (1-6 months) phases after injury. Group differences of fractional anisotropy (FA) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). The accuracy of DTI metrics for classifying @entity1005 was estimated using Bayesian discrimination analysis. RESULTS: TBSS showed @entity62 in various brain regions. In the acute phase, FA values were higher for PR and @entity12870 @entity1 than controls (all P < 0.05). In subacute phase, PR @entity1 have higher mean @entity1893 than @entity12870 and controls (all P < 0.05). In the chronic phase, lower FA and higher @entity1893 were observed in PR compared with both @entity12870 and control groups (all P < 0.05). PR and @entity12870 groups could be discriminated with a sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 78%, and accuracy of 75.56%, in terms of @entity1893 value in subacute phase. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with mTBI have @entity156 in various WM regions. DTI metrics change over time and provide a potential indicator at subacute stage for @entity1005 following mTBI.

title: White Matter Changes in @entity1005 Following Mild XXXX : A Prospective Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter (WM) abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity12870 :: ('MESH:D055191', 'Disease') :: ['successful recovery', 'SR']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: Metastatic spread to bones frequently occurs in several types of @entity5 , in particular breast, prostate, and @entity2 . Infiltration of bone by @entity5 cells is a source of several complications including severe @entity158 , @entity1745 , @entity2741 , @entity174 , all reducing quality of life and worsening prognosis. Therefore, early recognition of bone metastases is among the highest priorities in the clinical management of @entity5 . Currently, detection and staging relies on radiological imaging techniques (scintigraphy, radiography, computer tomography, etc.). Due to their limited sensitivity and/or inconveniences, irradiation, and considerable costs related to serial use, they are not suited for close monitoring of @entity5 @entity1 to capture skeletal spread in an early stage or to follow-up on therapeutical responses. Interaction of @entity5 cells with surrounding bone cells leads to enhanced bone resorption and/or bone formation. These cellular processes result in the release of numerous epitopes that, if detected by immunoassays, can reflect the changes of the rate of bone turnover and the occurrence of metastatic spread to bone. Numerous studies reported elevated levels of bone turnover markers in @entity1 with bone metastases proportionally to the extent of skeletal involvement. Furthermore, preliminary data suggest that biomarkers can predict skeletal-related events (SREs), disease progression, and even @entity5 . The present review intends to summarize the list of emerged biomarkers, major studies assessing their relative utility for detection of bone metastases in different types of @entity5 , and discuss their potentials for becoming part of screening protocols for improving our success rate in the early detection of metastatic @entity79 .

title: Biochemical approach to the detection and monitoring of metastatic XXXX : What do we know and what questions need answers?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pathologic fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death', 'cancer diseases', 'cancer disease', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone disease']


abstract: @entity1707 suffer up to 50% embryonic and fetal loss during gestation and exhibit the most severe naturally occurring @entity1592 among livestock species. @entity2431 is a major factor contributing to suboptimal reproductive performance and reduced birth weights of @entity1707 . Enhancement of placental growth and function through nutritional management offers an effective solution to improving embryonic and fetal survival and growth. We discovered an unusual abundance of the @entity369 family of AA in porcine allantoic fluid (a reservoir of nutrients) during early gestation, when placental growth is most rapid. @entity369 is metabolized to @entity7222 , @entity1521 , and @entity842 , and these compounds possess a plethora of physiological functions. @entity842 is a vasodilator and angiogenic factor, whereas both @entity7222 and @entity1521 are substrates for placental synthesis of @entity4663 , which are key regulators of protein synthesis and angiogenesis. Additionally, @entity369 , @entity368 , @entity1160 , and @entity1521 activate the @entity1 target of @entity3446 cell-signaling pathway to enhance protein synthesis and cell proliferation in placentae. To translate basic research on AA biochemistry and nutrition into application, dietary supplementation with 0.83% @entity534 to gilts on d 14 to 28 or d 30 to 114 of gestation increased the number and litter birth weight of live-born piglets. In addition, supplementing the gestation diet with 0.4% @entity534 plus 0.6% @entity9640 enhanced the efficiency of nutrient utilization, reduced variation in piglet birth weight, and increased litter birth weight. By regulating syntheses of @entity842 , @entity4663 , and proteins, functional AA stimulate placental growth and the transfer of nutrients from mother to embryo or fetus to promote conceptus survival, growth, and development.

title: Impacts of amino acid nutrition on pregnancy outcome in XXXX : mechanisms and implications for @entity1707 production.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity9640 :: ('CHEBI:18050', 'Chemical') :: ['l-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['l-arginine']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

entities_list: @entity2431 :: ('MESH:D010927', 'Disease') :: ['Placental insufficiency']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: How inflammatory responses are mechanistically modulated by nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChR), especially by receptors composed of @entity15683 (a7) subunits, is poorly defined. This includes a precise definition of cells that express a7 and how these impact on innate inflammatory responses. To this aim we used @entity19 generated through homologous recombination that express an Ires-Cre-recombinase bi-cistronic extension of the endogenous a7 gene that when crossed with a reporter @entity19 expressing Rosa26-LoxP (yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)) marks in the offspring those cells of the a7 cell lineage (a7(lin+)). In the adult, on average 20-25 percent of the total @entity8236 (+) myeloid and lymphoid cells of the bone marrow (BM), blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyers patches are a7(lin+), although variability between litter mates in this value is observed. This @entity1583 a7(lin+) subpopulation is also found in @entity17776 (+)cKit(+) BM cells suggesting the a7 lineage is established early during hematopoiesis and the ratio remains stable in the individual thereafter as measured for at least 18 months. Both a7(lin+) and a7(lin-) BM cells can reconstitute the immune system of na  ve irradiated recipient @entity19 and the a7(lin+):a7(lin-) beginning ratio is stable in the recipient after reconstitution. Functionally the a7(lin+):a7(lin-) lineages differ in response to @entity558 challenge. Most notable is the response to @entity558 as demonstrated by an enhanced production of IL-12/23( @entity12782 ) by the a7(lin+) cells. These studies demonstrate that a7(lin+) identifies a novel subpopulation of bone marrow cells that include @entity1583 progenitor cells that can re-populate an animal's inflammatory/immune system. These findings suggest that a7 exhibits a pleiotropic role in the @entity1583 system that includes both the direct modulation of pro-inflammatory cell composition and later in the adult the role of modulating pro-inflammatory responses that would impact upon an individual's lifelong response to @entity32 and infection.

title: Nicotinic receptor XXXX expression identifies a novel @entity1583 progenitor lineage.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity15683 :: (11441(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['alpha7']


abstract: @entity117 ( @entity117 ) is one of the most widely used therapeutic agents based on its pharmacological actions, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic, and anti- @entity715 effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of @entity117 on @entity410 susceptibility and @entity131 following @entity2134 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ). @entity159 was induced by @entity2134 (280 mg/kg, i.p.) administration in C57BL/6 @entity19 (aged 8 weeks). @entity117 was administered daily (15 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg, i.p.) for 10 days starting 3 days before @entity159 , continuing until 6 days after @entity159 . After @entity2134 injection, @entity159 onset time and mortality were recorded. Neuronal cell death was examined using @entity10371 and Fluoro-Jade staining, and glial responses were observed 7 days post @entity159 using immunohistochemistry. In the @entity117 -treated group, the onset time of @entity159 was significantly shortened and mortality was markedly increased compared to the control group. However, in this study, @entity117 treatment did not affect @entity159 -induced neuronal cell death or astroglial and microglial responses in the hippocampus. In conclusion, these results suggest that the safety of @entity117 should be reevaluated in some @entity1 , especially with @entity16 such as @entity1315 .

title: Influence of XXXX on @entity2134 -induced epilepsy in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal neuropathology']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine', 'pilocarpine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity10371 :: ('MESH:C028911', 'Chemical') :: ['cresyl violet']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To find an effective and reliable method to correct @entity940 after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in @entity1 with @entity9042 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This interventional case series included 14 eyes of 14 @entity1 with @entity9042 (12 males) undergoing graft refractive surgery (GRS) for intolerable post-DALK @entity940 . The technique of GRS for the 5 initial cases consisted of only relaxing incisions at the steep meridian in the graft-host interface down to Descemet membrane. For the rest, the relaxing incisions at the steep meridian were accompanied by simultaneous suturing and the effect of the relaxing incisions was controlled through selective suture removal starting a few days after the operation. The main outcomes were uncorrected and corrected visual acuity and change in refractive and keratometric @entity940 using subtraction and vector analysis methods. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 29.36 +/- 6.2 years. Mean time interval from complete suture removal to GRS and follow-up period were 4.5 +/- 2.0 months and 12.0 +/- 7.4 months, respectively. Mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.29 +/- 0.1, increasing to 0.22 +/- 0.1 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution after the operation (P = 0.007). Average keratometric @entity940 was reduced by 3.8 and 5.5 diopters measured with subtraction and vector analysis methods, respectively. Four of 5 eyes that had only relaxing incisions initially required suturing of the incisions because of overcorrection, whereas preliminary results showed none of the 9 @entity1 undergoing simultaneous relaxing incisions and suturing required further intervention. CONCLUSION: Relaxing incisions and suturing at the steep meridian followed by selective suture removal can effectively and predictably reduce post-DALK @entity940 in @entity1 with @entity9042 .

title: Relaxing incisions combined with adjustment sutures for post-deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty @entity940 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: OBJECT: Simultaneous @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and @entity130 has been considered unsurvivable for many years because treatments such as sedation and blood pressure goals conflict for these 2 conditions. Additionally, surgical interventions for @entity130 often require full anticoagulation, which is contraindicated in @entity1 with @entity131 . For these reasons, and due to the relative rarity of @entity131 , little data are available to guide treating physicians. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on all simultaneous @entity131 and @entity130 cases from 2000 to 2012 at a university-affiliated, Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 demographics, imaging studies, interventions, and outcomes were analyzed. @entity131 cases treated with endovascular stenting were specifically studied to determine trends in procedure timing, use of anticoagulation, and neurological outcome. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 with concurrent @entity131 and @entity130 were identified over a 12-year period. The median @entity1 age was 44 years (range 16-86 years) and the overall mortality rate after imaging diagnosis was 46%. All surviving @entity1 were awake and neurologically functional at discharge, and 83% were discharged home or to rehabilitation facilities. @entity1 who died had a higher Injury Severity Scale score (p = 0.006). Severe @entity131 (p = 0.045) or hemodynamic instability (p = 0.015) upon arrival to the hospital was also correlated with increased mortality rates. Thirty-three percent of @entity131 @entity1 (n = 11) underwent endovascular stenting, and 7 of these @entity1 received intravenous anticoagulation therapy at the time of surgery. Six of these 7 anticoagulation-treated @entity1 experienced no significant progression on postoperative brain CT, whereas 1 @entity1 died of hemodynamic instability prior to undergoing further imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous @entity131 and @entity130 is a rare condition with a historically poor prognosis. However, these results suggest that many @entity1 can survive with a good quality of life. Technological advances such as endovascular aortic stenting may improve @entity1 outcome, and anticoagulation is not absolutely contraindicated after @entity131 .

title: Management of simultaneous @entity131 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'aortic injury/TBI', 'traumatic brain injury', 'Traumatic brain injury/aortic injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['aortic injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The recent FDA approval of inclusion of bevacizumab ( @entity1493 ) in the treatment of @entity902 -resistant recurrent @entity43 will likely lead to more widespread adoption of this intervention. We assessed the cost effectiveness of this expensive treatment for this specific indication. METHODS: A cost effectiveness decision model was constructed using results from AURELIA, a phase III randomized trial comparing @entity1493 plus cytotoxic chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in @entity1 with @entity902 -resistant recurrent @entity43 . The @entity1493 arm of AURELIA had improved progression free survival and quality of life (QOL). Costs, paracentesis rates, and adverse events were incorporated. RESULTS: Inclusion of @entity1493 in the treatment of @entity902 -resistant recurrent @entity43 costs on average  26,790 more than cytotoxic chemotherapy alone when 15 mg/kg dosing is used and  40,813 more when biweekly 10 mg/kg is used. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per progression-free life year saved (PF-LYS) is  146K with 10 mg/kg dosing and  96K with 15 mg/kg dosing. In sensitivity analysis, the ICER drops below a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of  100K when greater than 68% of @entity1 receive salvage single agent @entity1493 . Incorporating better QOL in the @entity1493 arm based on AURELIA improves the ICER in both dosing regimens, but does not lower the ICER below  100K at the 10 mg/kg dose. CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS: Our results suggest that incorporation of @entity1493 using the 15 mg/kg regimen is cost-effective based on the common WTP threshold ICER of  100K. In light of FDA approval for this indication, evidence for cost-effectiveness further supports utilization in @entity1 with @entity902 -resistant recurrent @entity43 .

title: Is FDA Approved Bevacizumab Cost-Effective in the Setting of @entity902 -Resistant Recurrent XXXX ? [18].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the protective role of @entity14685 (TQ) on unilateral testicular @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury in @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed on male C57BL/6 @entity19 (8 weeks old, 20-25 g). The animals were divided into 3 groups including 6 @entity19 in each group: control (sham), @entity5250 ( @entity5250 ) and @entity5250 +TQ. @entity19 , except the sham-operated group, were subjected to left unilateral torsion (720   rotation in the clockwise direction). The experiments were finished after sham operation time for controls, 120 min torsion and 240 min detorsion for the other groups. In the @entity5250 +TQ group 10 mg TQ was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before detorsion. RESULTS: In the @entity5250 group @entity66 ( @entity66 ), oxidative stress index (OSI) and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels were higher than in the controls. TQ treatment decreased @entity1865 , @entity66 and OSI values, but did not affect the total antioxidant capacity and @entity10873 activity in the @entity5250 +TQ group. Upon histological examination, @entity19 in the @entity5250 group displayed moderate-to-severe disruption of the seminiferous epithelium. Treatment with TQ resulted in significantly reduced histological damage associated with I/R injury. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that TQ treatment may have a protective effect on testicular I/R injury.

title: Protective effect of XXXX in experimental testicular torsion.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['total oxidative stress', 'TOS']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity14685 :: ('MESH:C003466', 'Chemical') :: ['thymoquinone']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity5250 :: ('MESH:D014102', 'Disease') :: ['torsion/detorsion', 'TD']

answer: @entity14685 :: (MESH:C003466,Chemical) :: ['thymoquinone']


abstract: PURPOSE: We designed a prospective, randomized study to evaluate the effects of iontophoresis delivery of @entity619 versus corticosteroid injection therapy on @entity1 outcomes. METHODS: We randomized 82 @entity1 to 10 mg @entity619 via iontophoresis using a self-contained patch with a 24-hour battery; 10 mg @entity619 injection; or 10 mg @entity2713 injection. All @entity1 received the same hand therapy protocol. Primary outcomes tracked were change in grip strength (flexion vs extension), @entity158 , and function scores on a validated questionnaire. The secondary outcome was return-to-work status. @entity1 were evaluated at baseline, completion of physical therapy, and 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: The iontophoresis @entity1 had statistically significant improvement in grip strength at the conclusion of hand therapy compared with baseline. They were also more likely to get back to work without restriction. By 6-month follow-up, all groups had equivalent results for all measured outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity619 via iontophoresis produced short-term benefits because for this group grip strength and unrestricted return to work were significantly better. This study suggests that this iontophoresis technique for delivery of @entity228 may be considered a treatment option for @entity1 with @entity2633 . TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic II.

title: A randomized study comparing corticosteroid injection to corticosteroid iontophoresis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: Metabotropic @entity2227 receptors (mGluR) are present in cells of the nervous system, where they are activated by one of the main neurotransmitters, @entity2227 . They are also expressed in cells outside the nervous system. We identified and characterized two receptors belonging to group I mGluR, mGlu1R and @entity25862 , in @entity1 cell lines of lymphoid origin and in resting and activated lymphocytes from @entity1 peripheral blood. Both are highly expressed in the @entity1 Jurkat T cell line, whereas @entity25862 is expressed only in the @entity1 B cell line SKW6.4. In blood lymphocytes, @entity25862 is expressed constitutively, whereas mGlu1R is expressed only upon activation via the T cell receptor-CD3 complex. Group I receptors in the central nervous system are coupled to phospholipase C, whereas in blood lymphocytes, activation of @entity25862 does not trigger this signaling pathway, but instead activates adenylate cyclase. On the other hand, @entity25862 does not mediate @entity1366 activation, whereas mGlu1R, which is coupled neither to phospholipase C nor to @entity460 channels and whose activation does not increase @entity268 , activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. The differential expression of mGluR in resting and activated lymphocytes and the different signaling pathways that are triggered when mGlu1Rs or mGlu5Rs are activated point to a key role of @entity2227 in the regulation of T cell physiological function. The study of the signaling pathways ( @entity268 production and @entity1366 phosphorylation) and the proliferative response obtained in the presence of @entity2227 analogs suggests that mGlu1R and @entity25862 have distinct functions. @entity25862 mediates the reported inhibition of cell proliferation evoked by @entity2227 , which is reverted by the activation of inducible mGlu1R. This is a novel non-inhibitory action mechanism for @entity2227 in lymphocyte activation. mGlu1R and @entity25862 thus mediate opposite @entity2227 effects in @entity1 lymphocytes.

title: Group I metabotropic @entity2227 receptors mediate a dual role of XXXX in T cell activation.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Work by other investigators has shown that an increase in dietary content of @entity6221 can result in a decreased plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 concentration. This observation, combined with the epidemiologic evidence that monounsaturated fat-rich diets are associated with decreased rates of death from @entity301 , suggests that inclusion of increased amounts of mono-unsaturated fat in the diet may be beneficial. The present study was carried out in a primate model, the @entity3176 , to evaluate the effects of dietary monounsaturated fat on plasma lipoprotein @entity165 endpoints. Two study periods were carried out in which the @entity844 compositions of the experimental diets were varied. All diets contained 35% of calories as fat. In the first experimental period, a mixture of fats was used to set the dietary @entity844 composition to be approximately 50-60% of the desired @entity844 , either saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated (n-6). In the second experimental period, pure fats were used (palm oil, @entity3952 -rich safflower oil, and @entity4722 -rich safflower oil) to maximize the difference in @entity844 composition. The effects of the more exaggerated dietary @entity844 differences of period 2 were similar to those that have been reported in @entity1 . For the group fed the diet enriched in monounsaturated fat compared to saturated fat, whole plasma and LDL @entity165 concentrations were significantly lower while high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 concentrations were not affected. For the group fed the diet enriched in polyunsaturated fat compared to saturated fat, both LDL and HDL @entity165 concentrations were significantly lower than in the group fed saturated fat. LDL @entity165 concentrations were comparable in the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat groups and the percentage of @entity165 in LDL was lowest in the monounsaturated fat fed group. Trends were similar for the mixed fat diets, although no statistically significant differences in plasma lipoprotein endpoints could be attributed to @entity6221 in this dietary comparison. Since effects on plasma lipoproteins similar to those seen in @entity1 were identified in this primate model, relevant mechanisms for the effects of dietary @entity1718 on lipoprotein endpoints related to @entity453 , per se, can subsequently be examined.

title: Effects on plasma lipoproteins of monounsaturated, saturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['African green monkey']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3176 :: (9534,Species) :: ['African green monkeys']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Poor prognosis of @entity295 is associated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intravascular @entity32 , microvascular @entity715 , @entity882 , and disseminated @entity5642 . Platelets are critical for @entity715 , and there has been increasing evidence of the importance of platelets in @entity5694 . The @entity1423 receptor, the glycoprotein Ib-IX complex (GPIb-IX), mediates @entity1423 to inflammatory vascular endothelium and exposed subendothelium. Thus, we have investigated the role of GPIb-IX in LPS-induced @entity1423 , @entity715 , and @entity882 . APPROACH AND RESULTS: LPS-induced mortality is significantly decreased in @entity19 expressing a functionally deficient mutant of @entity13837 . Furthermore, we have developed a micellar peptide inhibitor, MPaC (C13H27CONH-SIRYSGHpSL), which selectively inhibits the @entity2880 factor -binding function of GPIb-IX and GPIb-IX-mediated @entity1423 under flow without affecting GPIb-IX-independent platelet activation. MPaC inhibits @entity1423 to LPS-stimulated endothelial cells in vitro and alleviates LPS-induced @entity715 in glomeruli in @entity19 . Importantly, MPaC reduces mortality in LPS-challenged @entity19 , suggesting a protective effect of this inhibitor during @entity5694 . Interestingly, MPaC, but not the integrin antagonist, @entity15684 , alleviated LPS-induced @entity882 . CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate an important role for the @entity1423 receptor GPIb-IX in LPS-induced @entity715 and @entity882 , and suggest the potential of targeting GPIb as an antiplatelet strategy in managing @entity5694 .

title: Role for platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX and effects of its inhibition in XXXX -induced @entity715 , @entity882 , and mortality.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet adhesion']

entities_list: @entity15684 :: ('MESH:C086648', 'Chemical') :: ['Integrilin']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: Post-mortem microangiography has been performed in 12 @entity1 with traumatic cervical @entity1566 , 2 @entity1 with @entity602 , and one @entity1 with @entity1644 . Microangiography defined 4 zones in the injured spinal cord. In @entity130 , the size and extent of the non-filling area (Zone 1) was directly related to the injury force. Subsequently these areas became cavitated. Surrounding the non-filling area, widely extending areas demonstrated filling of capillaries but showed damaged neurons and axons (Zone 2). In the chronic stage, Zone 2 replaced by gliomesenchymal tissue. The capillaries in the gliomesenchymal scars revealed a distorted abnormal arrangement (Zone 3). In a case with @entity602 , the hypervascular areas (Zone 4) were observed just around the chronically compressed area. The vascular increases were considered to be a reaction against chronic compression. In a @entity1 with @entity1644 , the vascular network of the posterior grey matter disappeared and the central arteries were distorted by the distending forces of the syrinx. The microangiographs suggested that vascular factors might play a significant role in original cavity formation; but in cavity extension, these factors were not primary.

title: Microangiographic study of @entity1566 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate @entity260 of different surgical techniques for @entity231 treatment in @entity1 . METHODS: We reviewed clinical records of 21 @entity1 (33 eyes) who underwent @entity231 surgery between January 1998 and December 2002. The median age of @entity1 at the time of @entity231 surgery was 39 months (range, 4-115 months). The median follow up was 26 months (range, 6-58 months). A posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with anterior vitrectomy was performed in 24 eyes, and posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis without anterior vitrectomy in 9 eyes ( @entity1 older than 7 years). Nine eyes were left aphakic and intraocular lens was implanted in 24 eyes. RESULTS: Opacification of the @entity227 was the most frequent complication. One of nine eyes in the group of @entity1 undergoing posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis developed @entity3236 . This also occurred in 6 out of 24 eyes with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy. In 5 eyes with secondary opacification Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was performed as a secondary procedure. In uncooperative @entity1 (2 eyes) more extensive anterior vitrectomy was repeated. Other @entity260 included @entity726 (n=1), @entity5862 formation (n=4), intraocular lens deposits (n=2), and pupil capture (n=1). CONCLUSIONS: The main complication in the pediatric @entity231 surgery was @entity3236 , and the management of posterior capsule seems to be a very important factor. In younger @entity1 , @entity231 surgery with posterior capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy was advantageous, whereas in older @entity1 a clear @entity227 was achieved without vitrectomy.

title: Surgical technique and XXXX in pediatric @entity231 surgery: retrospective analysis of 21 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual axis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['aphakic glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3236 :: ('MESH:D058442', 'Disease') :: ['posterior capsule opacification']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: @entity792 ( @entity792 ) is a rare entity of @entity479 -responsive @entity4018 that accompanies a variety of @entity792 , particularly @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). Rarely it may occur in @entity1 with autoimmune markers but no definable @entity792 (Primary- @entity792 ). We report the cases of two young @entity1 with @entity1252 -associated @entity792 ( @entity1252 - @entity792 ). The first @entity1 was a young @entity1 who had @entity3043 , massive @entity381 and reticulin @entity82 in the marrow biopsy. The @entity3043 and @entity381 resolved completely within weeks of treatment with corticosteroids. Repeat marrow biopsy showed marked regression of marrow @entity82 . The second @entity1 was a young @entity1 with fever, @entity4 , bicytopenia and reticulin @entity82 in the marrow biopsy. @entity479 therapy resulted in rapid clinical improvement and resolution of @entity3043 . A review of the literature revealed a total of 30 @entity1 with @entity1252 - @entity792 reported to-date. @entity1 with @entity1252 - @entity792 are young @entity1 with @entity1252 and @entity1503 who are found to have increased bone marrow reticulin on marrow biopsy. @entity479 therapy results in rapid hematological recovery and regression of marrow @entity82 . Whether @entity792 is one of several hematological complications of @entity1252 , or represents a unique and distinct subset of @entity1 with @entity1252 in not clear. Prospective studies with longer follow-up are needed to better define the prevalence and clinical spectrum of @entity1252 - @entity792 .

title: Autoimmune @entity4018 in XXXX Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['anasarca']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune myelofibrosis', 'autoimmune disease', 'AIMF', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity479 :: ('D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid', 'Steroid']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']


abstract: The @entity2353 and @entity377 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs/NtRTIs) remain an enduring feature of combination therapy. As NRTI/NtRTI options continue to expand, questions arise about how best to combine these agents to create effective dual NRTI/NtRTI backbones in antiretroviral regimens while avoiding treatment-emergent drug resistance. Clinicians must consider how NRTIs/NtRTIs such as @entity12046 ( @entity12046 ), @entity22208 (ABC), and @entity15832 (FTC), as well as new once-daily and coformulated NRTIs/NtRTIs, interact with older agents when combined in novel regimens and how sequencing the new NRTIs can preserve future treatment options. Resistance data from clinical trials have revealed important information on the patterns, prevalence, and effects of resistance seen among @entity1 experiencing virologic failure. In recent years, the prevalence of some mutations such as @entity19899 and @entity19897 has remained relatively constant, while the @entity25923 mutation, the 69 insertions, and @entity1014 analogue mutations have decreased in prevalence. Other mutations such as @entity22207 and @entity25924 , while still relatively uncommon, are increasing in prevalence. This increase may be due to the use of new treatment combinations that select for these mutations at a higher rate. Clinical trials suggest that new regimens containing @entity12046 or ABC select for @entity22207 and that this mutation is observed more frequently with @entity12046 ; in contrast, @entity25923 is observed more frequently in ABC-containing regimens but is not commonly selected by @entity12046 -containing regimens. Several lines of evidence are converging to suggest that the presence of @entity9611 may decrease the risk of @entity25923 and @entity22207 in ABC- or @entity12046 -containing regimens. This review summarizes the clinical implications of resistance profiles associated with new NRTI/NtRTI regimens in current use and in advanced clinical studies.

title: Resistance issues with new XXXX / @entity377 backbone options.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity12046 :: ('CHEBI:63718', 'Chemical') :: ['TDF', 'tenofovir DF']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity22207 :: ('p|SUB|K|65|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K65R']

entities_list: @entity15832 :: ('MESH:C122114', 'Chemical') :: ['emtricitabine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity25923 :: ('p|SUB|L|74|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L74V']

answer: @entity2353 :: (CHEBI:33838,Chemical) :: ['nucleoside']


abstract: We designed a multicenter study to compare @entity2890 / @entity3402 to @entity2892 / @entity9234 for @entity1320 . We included the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) index of severity and excluded @entity1 without @entity281 . Two hundred ninety @entity1 were enrolled, of whom 162 were evaluable. Using logistic regression to analyze both outcome at the abdominal site of infection and outcome as mortality, we found a significant correlation for both with APACHE II score (p less than 0.0001 for both). Next we analyzed the residual effect of treatment assignment and found a significant improvement in outcome for @entity2892 / @entity9234 -treated @entity1 (p = 0.043). The differences in outcome were explained by a higher failure rate for @entity1 with gram-negative organisms for @entity2890 / @entity3402 -treated @entity1 (p = 0.018). This was reflected in a significantly higher incidence of @entity9156 requiring reoperation and prosthetic fascial replacement. Maximum peak @entity2890 levels were analyzed for 63 @entity2890 / @entity3402 @entity1 harboring gram-negative organisms. For failures the maximum peak was 6.4 +/- 1.9 micrograms/mL, and time to maximum peak was 4.6 +/- 5.2 days. For successes the maximum peak was 6.1 +/- 1.7 micrograms/mL, occurring at 3.8 +/- 2.6 days. This study supports inclusion of severity scoring in statistical analyses of outcome results and supports the notion that @entity2892 / @entity9234 therapy improves outcome at the intra-abdominal site of infection as compared to a conventionally prescribed @entity4028 -based regimen.

title: Results of a multicenter trial comparing @entity2892 / XXXX to @entity2890 / @entity3402 for @entity1320 .

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['established infection']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-glycoside']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity9234 :: (MESH:D015377,Chemical) :: ['cilastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Short-lasting unilateral @entity10 with @entity3169 and tearing ( @entity19425 ) syndrome is a rare type of trigeminal autonomic @entity10 . @entity19425 is typically idiopathic, and @entity19425 after indirect injury is very rare. We report a case of @entity19425 manifested dramatically after a @entity7125 and treated by greater occipital nerve (GON) block. CASE: A 62-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity10 associated with ipsilateral @entity158 , lacrimination, and @entity3169 after a car accident. Imaging study revealed no acute lesions. The symptoms were triggered and worsened by touch on the ipsilateral scalp and posterior neck region, and also by talking, swallowing, or chewing. We performed GON blocks for @entity10 3 times. The @entity1 experienced @entity158 relief after a GON block. CONCLUSIONS: @entity19425 induced by @entity7125 is rare. Our case showed good outcome of @entity19425 treated by GON.

title: @entity7125 -induced atypical short-lasting unilateral XXXX with @entity3169 treated by greater occipital nerve block.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash injury']

entities_list: @entity19425 :: ('MESH:D050798', 'Disease') :: ['SUNCT syndrome', 'SUNCT', 'Secondary SUNCT syndrome', 'secondary SUNCT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['orbitofacial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival injection']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['cephalalgia', 'neuralgiform headache', 'headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['neuralgiform headache']


abstract: @entity4789 is still one of the major public health problems in Egypt and the developing countries. It is characterized by a high tendency to recur following @entity883 . The use of long acting @entity114 for prophylaxis against @entity281 was a good achievement in this field, yet, recurrences have been reported in @entity1 following monthly prophylactic programs. Clinical experience in Alexandria have shown for a long time that giving @entity114 every 2 weeks is followed by less recurrences of @entity4789 . Recently, reports came showing that effective @entity114 levels are not maintained except for 2 to 3 weeks after the injection. In the present study, we compared two regimens of prophylaxis with 190 @entity1 in the 2-weekly regimen, and 170 @entity1 in the 4-weekly regimen being followed up for 2 consecutive years. Two hundred and sixty nine @entity883 occurred during this period. Although the @entity883 rate was equal in both groups, the @entity4789 recurrence rate and the @entity6470 attack rate were significantly higher in the group of @entity1 on the 4-weekly schedule. The results of this study have shown the superiority of the 2-weekly schedule in the adequate control of @entity6470 recurrences. We suggest that this schedule should be implemented for secondary prophylaxis of @entity4789 in Egypt and other areas with severe @entity6470 .

title: Benzathine penicillin G for XXXX prophylaxis: 2-weekly versus 4-weekly regimens.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever', 'Rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infections', 'streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['strep infections']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['rheumatic fever']


abstract: Oral and parenteral formulations are challenging to produce therapeutic concentration of @entity8726 in the joints. This encourages for the development of formulation for long term drug retention in the joint through intra-articular (i. a.) administration. In this study, @entity21644 cross-linked gelatin microspheres of @entity8726 were prepared for i. a. delivery. The microspheres were prepared using emulsification-homogenization-cross-linking method by changing the experimental variables such as concentration of cross-linker, cross-linking time and cross-linking temperature. The microspheres showed drug entrapment up to 76.19% with a mean particle size range of 5.91-8.19   m. The degree of cross-linking and water-soluble fraction were 8.27-59.33% and 12.29-81.23%, respectively. SEM confirmed smooth surface and spherical shape of the microspheres. FTIR and @entity7352 -NMR confirmed cross-linking of gelatin by @entity21644 . No chemical change in encapsulated drug was observed by FTIR and TGA. DSC and XRD indicated the molecular dispersion of drug within microspheres. Optimized microspheres could prolong the drug release for more than 108 h with anomalous transport. Histopathology confirmed the biocompatibility of microspheres in the @entity35 ( @entity35 ) knee joint. After 96 h of i. a. injection, significant higher amount (42.56%) of administered drug in @entity2915 was recovered than uncross-linked microspheres (8.27%) confirming better drug retention efficiency (p < 0.01).

title: Formulation and evaluation of @entity8726 -loaded XXXX cross-linked gelatin microspheres for intra-articular delivery.

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-linked microspheres']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

answer: @entity21644 :: (MESH:C007834,Chemical) :: ['genipin']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): To report outcomes and @entity137 for @entity1 with oligometastatic ( <=5 lesions) @entity263 ( @entity263 ) treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). MATERIALS/METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with 21 @entity263 lesions were treated with SBRT between February 2009 and November 2011. All @entity1 had a detectable @entity1486 (PSA) at the time of SBRT, and 11 @entity1 (65%) had @entity66 . Treatment sites included bone (n = 19), lymph nodes (n = 1), and liver (n = 1). For @entity1 with @entity79 , the median dose was 20 Gy (range, 8-24 Gy) in a single fraction (range, 1-3). All but two @entity1 received some form of anti- @entity342 therapy after completing SBRT. RESULTS: Local control (LC) was 100%, and the PSA nadir was undetectable in nine @entity1 (53%). The first post-SBRT PSA was lower than pre-treatment levels in 15 @entity1 (88%), and continued to decline or remain undetectable in 12 @entity1 (71%) at a median follow-up of 6 months (range, 2-24 months). Median PSA measurements before SBRT and at last follow-up were 2.1 ng/dl (range, 0.13-36.4) and 0.17 ng/dl (range, <0.1-140), respectively. Six (55%) of the 11 @entity1 with HR @entity263 achieved either undetectable or declining PSA at a median follow-up of 4.8 months (range, 2.2-6.0 months). Reported @entity137 included one case each of grade 2 @entity1353 and @entity615 , there were no cases of grade >= 3 @entity137 following treatment. CONCLUSION: We report excellent LC with SBRT in oligometastatic @entity263 . More importantly, over half the @entity1 achieved an undetectable PSA after SBRT. Further follow-up is necessary to assess the long-term impact of SBRT on LC, @entity137 , PSA response, and clinical outcomes.

title: Stereotactic body radiation therapy in the treatment of oligometastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory (HR) disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Subtalar arthrodesis was performed on a 48-year-old, non-insulin-dependent @entity6 with a history of chronic ankle instability and lateral @entity158 . In the early post-operative period he presented as an emergency with an @entity281 at the operative site. This was treated with 2 returns to the operating theatre for washout and debridement. His wounds were left open and at 3 weeks after emergency admission he was referred for adjunctive hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) therapy to aid healing by secondary intention. He received a total of 19 hyperbaric sessions, at a pressure of 2.2 ATA, one treatment per day for 5 days a week. Shortly after commencing HBO therapy his ankle became increasingly @entity158 , despite the introduction of analgesia. By 7 weeks after emergency admission his wounds had virtually healed but @entity17401 persisted over the dorsum of the foot. A computerized tomography scan at 5 1/2 months post-operatively showed @entity2720 and revealed no evidence of @entity281 . Symptoms and signs at this time were compatible with a diagnosis of @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ). There is published evidence to suggest that HBO therapy may be a useful modality in the treatment of established @entity1118 . Here, we seek to publicize a case in which early treatment with HBO for another indication did not prevent the simultaneous development of @entity1118 Type 1.

title: Chronic @entity158 after subtalar arthrodesis is not prevented by early hyperbaric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ankle pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['satisfactory joint fusion']

entities_list: @entity17401 :: ('MESH:D006941', 'Disease') :: ['hyperesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic regional pain syndrome', 'CRPS']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 and its associated complications are part of a @entity102 that presents a public health challenge. Epidemiologists examining health differences between @entity1 and @entity1 are being challenged to recognise the biological and social constructions behind the terms 'sex' and/or 'gender', together with social epidemiology principles and the life course approach. This paper examines the epidemiology of a population with @entity6 from the north-west metropolitan region of South Australia. METHODS: Data were used from a sub-population with @entity6 (n = 263), from 4060 adults aged 18 years and over living in the north-west suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. Eligible respondents were asked to participate in a telephone interview, a self-report questionnaire and a biomedical examination. @entity6 (undiagnosed and diagnosed) was determined using self-reported information and a fasting blood test administered to @entity1 . Data were analysed using SPSS (Version 10.0) and EpiInfo (Version 6.0). RESULTS: Factors associated with @entity6 for both @entity1 and @entity1 were being aged 40 years and over, and having a low gross annual household income, @entity28 and a family history of @entity6 . In addition, being an ex-smoker and having low @entity165 levels were associated with @entity6 among @entity1 . Among @entity1 , having a high waist-hip ratio, @entity101 and reporting a previous cardiovascular event or mental health problem were associated with @entity6 . CONCLUSION: The results found that @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity6 face different challenges in the management of their condition. Public health implications include a need for quality surveillance data, including epidemiological life course, social, behavioural, genetic and environmental factors. This will enrich the evidence base for health promotion professionals and allow policy makers to draw inferences and conclusions for interventions and planning purposes.

title: Gender-specific epidemiology of XXXX : a representative cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease global epidemic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The disadvantageous effect of @entity8 on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is still unknown. METHODS: Forty @entity740 ( @entity740 ) @entity1 and 202 @entity740 @entity1 , aged 40-89, were examined by standard echocardiography and the new modality of tissue Doppler imaging. All subjects were divided into 5 groups depending on their estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR: ml/min/BSA). Classifications by GFR were defined as follows: group 1 (more than 90: normal subjects), group 2 (60-89), group 3 (30-59), group 4 (15-29) and group 5 (less than 15). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in LV systolic function among the groups. Mitral E velocity was significantly lower in groups 1-4 (p<0.01-0.02) compared with group 5. Mitral A velocity was higher in groups 2-5 (p<0.01-0.04) compared with group 1. The ratio of mitral E and A velocities (E/A) was significantly higher in group 1 (p<0.02-0.05) compared with groups 2-5. Deceleration time was significantly shorter in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.01-0.02) compared with groups 4 and 5. Furthermore, it was significantly lower in group 5 (p<0.01) compared with group 4. Early diastole velocity of mitral annulus (Ea) by tissue Doppler was also higher in group 1 (9.1+/-2.5; p<0.01-0.04) compared with group 2 (7.9+/-1.7), group 3 (7.9+/-1.6), group 4 (7.5+/-2.1), and group 5 (7.6+/-2.0). Severity of the @entity8 appears to parallel with the rise of E/Ea significantly (p<0.02). A, E/A and Ea could differentiate between groups 1 and 2 with early stage of @entity740 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity1002 was observed even in @entity1 with early stages of chronic @entity8 . Doppler indices combined with conventional and tissue Doppler methods could detect the subtle changes of diastolic function due to @entity8 .

title: XXXX in the early stage of @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'non-chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a model for establishing indications for @entity231 surgery that incorporates clinical and questionnaire data on a single linear scale using Rasch analysis. METHODS: In this prospective study, 293 preoperative @entity231 surgery @entity1 (mean age, 72.8  10 years; age range, 33-98 years; 174 female, 119 male; 49% with ocular comorbidity) completed two questionnaires, and visual acuity was measured in each eye. A @entity231 impact model was developed using Rasch analysis incorporating questionnaire scores and visual acuity. @entity1 were ranked from 1 to 293 based on the order in which they presented (first in first out [FIFO]) and then were ranked based on the @entity231 impact model. The main outcome measure was the number of @entity1 moving 49 (16.7% change) rank positions, which represented a likelihood to change priority category. RESULTS: The @entity231 impact model was unidimensional (fit statistics within 0.66-1.68) and had adequate precision ( @entity1 separation of 2.58), and the components were well targeted to the population (0.05 logits between the mean item difficulty and @entity1 ability). Two hundred twenty-seven (77.5%) @entity1 moved by at least 49 rank positions. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to combine clinical and questionnaire data and rank @entity1 on a single linear scale. This approach modifies the ranking that occurs with the FIFO model and can be used for prioritizing @entity1 for surgical intervention. More sophisticated models incorporating more clinical information may provide a better measure of the @entity231 impact latent trait.

title: Establishing levels of indications for @entity231 surgery: combining clinical and questionnaire data into a measure of XXXX impact.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether the administration of @entity117 has adverse effects on renal function in @entity1 with moderate chronic @entity712 with and without stimulation of the @entity916 system. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: Group 1, low @entity1372 diet and placebo; Group 2, low @entity1372 diet and @entity117 ; Group 3, normal @entity1372 diet and placebo; or Group 4, normal @entity1372 diet and @entity117 . @entity1 were studied over 8 days. After Day 5, @entity1 in Groups 2 and 4 received @entity117 (500 mg three times a day). The low @entity1372 diet consisted of 13.6 mmol of @entity1372 per day and the normal @entity1372 diet consisted of 136 mmol of @entity1372 per day. RESULTS: The low @entity1372 diet resulted in a highly significant increase in the plasma @entity916 (2p = 0.0001), @entity1369 (2p = 0.0006), and urinary @entity1421 (2p = 0.01) concentrations and the renal @entity972 excretion (2p = 0.0009), whereas renal @entity1372 excretion was significantly reduced (2p = 0.0001). Severe @entity1372 depletion led to a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate (2p = 0.007), which was independent from cyclooxygenase inhibition. In @entity1 on the low @entity1372 diet, @entity117 reduced the elevated urinary @entity1421 levels to normal values without changing the renal @entity1372 excretion rate. In @entity1 with a normal @entity1372 intake, @entity117 significantly reduced the renal @entity1372 excretion rate by 29% (2p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: We conclude that severe @entity1372 depletion has adverse effects on kidney function in @entity1 with @entity712 due to a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate. Administration of @entity117 in doses that reduce the synthesis of renal @entity1421 significantly reduces renal @entity1372 excretion.

title: Effects of @entity117 on renal function in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity19 heterozygously deficient for the myelin protein P0 gene (P0+/-) develop a slowly progressing @entity16 modeling demyelinating @entity5108 ( @entity5108 ). The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term progression of @entity66 in P0+/- @entity19 at 3, 7, 12 and 20months. By comparison with WT littermates, P0+/- showed a decreasing motor performance with age. This was associated with a progressive reduction in amplitude and increase in latency of the plantar compound muscle action potential (CMAP) evoked by stimulation of the tibial nerve at ankle. This progressive functional impairment was in contrast to the mild demyelinating @entity16 of the tibial nerve revealed by histology. "Threshold-tracking" studies showed impaired motor axon excitability in P0+/- from 3months. With time, there was a progressive reduction in threshold deviations during both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing threshold electrotonus associated with increasing resting I/V slope and increasing strength-duration time constant. These depolarizing features in excitability in P0+/- as well as the reduced CMAP amplitude were absent in P0+/- @entity24831 knockouts, and could be acutely reversed by selective pharmacologic block of @entity24831 in P0+/-. Mathematical modeling indicated an association of altered passive cable properties with a depolarizing shift in resting membrane potential and increase in the persistent @entity4024 (+) current in P0+/-. Our data suggest that ectopic @entity24831 expression precipitates depolarizing conduction failure in @entity5108 , and that motor @entity409 in demyelinating @entity16 is pharmacologically reversible.

title: Progression of motor XXXX and ectopic @entity24831 expression in a @entity19 model of @entity5108 1B.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease', 'CMT1B']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['axon dysfunction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['axon dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is the most common @entity703 . As the metastatic conventional @entity1358 is practically incurable, there is a need for markers to estimate the @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: To identify and characterise new marker(s) associated with the poor prognosis of conventional @entity1358 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : RNA from 24 conventional RCCs was analysed for global gene expression by Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Tissue microarrays containing 224 @entity703 including 87 conventional RCCs were used for immunohistochemistry. Cell lines HD2, HD48, HA344 and HA465 established in our laboratory were used for invasion assay and zymography. MEASUREMENTS: @entity12728 ( @entity12728 ) was found to be upregulated in conventional RCCs and it has been analysed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry on TMAs to establish the correlation between @entity12728 protein expression and @entity1 survival by uni and multivariate analysis. The effect of @entity12728 on @entity5 cell behaviour in vitro has also been examined by invasion assay and zymography. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: @entity12728 RNA is expressed in conventional @entity1358 samples of @entity1 with poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry of 72 conventional RCCs with a 5 yr follow up showed a correlation between @entity12728 expression and the clinical outcome of disease. Stimulation of conventional @entity1358 cell lines with recombinant @entity12728 increased the expression of @entity1495 and the invasive potential of @entity5 cells. Limitation of the study is a relatively small number (72) of @entity1 having follow up. CONCLUSION: @entity12728 seems to be a useful marker to estimate the prognosis of conventional RCCs.

title: Inflammatory protein serum amyloid A1 marks a subset of XXXX with fatal outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour aggressiveness', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Conventional renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['metalloproteinase (MMP)-9']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer', 'renal tumours']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['conventional renal cell carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smoking, @entity167 use, and @entity28 appear to increase the risk of developing @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), but to the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have assessed their impact on @entity1893 prognosis. METHODS: The association between prediagnosis cigarette smoking, @entity167 use, and body mass index (BMI) and overall survival was evaluated in 1286 @entity1 enrolled through population-based registries in the United States from 1998 through 2000. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using Cox regression, adjusting for clinical and demographic factors. RESULTS: Through 2007, 442 @entity1 had died (34%), and the median follow-up for surviving @entity1 was 7.7 years. Compared with never smokers, former (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.12-2.26) and current (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.97-2.29) smokers had poorer survival, and poorer survival was found to be positively associated with smoking duration, number of cigarettes smoked per day, pack-years of smoking, and shorter time since quitting (all P <0.01). @entity167 use was associated with poorer survival (P = 0.03); compared with nonusers. Those drinking >43.1 g/week (median intake among drinkers) had poorer survival (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.06-2.27), whereas those drinkers consuming less than this amount demonstrated no survival disadvantage (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.75-1.71). Greater BMI was associated with poorer survival (P = 0.046), but the survival disadvantage was only noted among @entity28 individuals (HR, 1.32 for BMI > or = 30 vs BMI 20-24.9; 95% CI, 1.02-1.70). These results held for @entity706 -specific survival and were broadly similar for diffuse large @entity1892 and @entity706 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1893 @entity1 who smoked, consumed @entity167 , or were @entity28 before diagnosis were found to have a poorer overall and @entity706 -specific survival.

title: Smoking, XXXX use, @entity28 , and overall survival from @entity1893 : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adaptation to stress is a fundamental component of life and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) plays a crucial role in it. The place of cannabinoid influence seems to be in the brain, especially where corticotropin releasing hormone and vasopressin ( @entity8050 ) secreting neurons are located. The role of @entity8050 is considered to be more important in young than in adult @entity35 . Here we addressed the question if cannabinoid-mediated regulation of the HPA involves @entity8050 and if there is any difference between young and adult @entity35 in this process. METHODS: 10-day-old and adult @entity8050 deficient Brattleboro @entity35 were compared with their heterozygous littermates 1h after @entity10024 (6mg/kg i.p.) injection. RESULTS: In control animals the injection led to elevated @entity3317 (ACTH) and @entity2819 hormone levels at both ages without remarkable age difference in ACTH levels while all @entity2819 levels of adults was approximately 10-times higher. The ACTH secretion of young @entity8050 deficient @entity35 failed to react to @entity10024 injection while their @entity2819 levels were even higher than their littermates. In contrast in adult the role of @entity8050 was diminished. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that the peripheral administration of cannabinoids leads to @entity1636 stimulation, which process involves @entity8050 at least in the young @entity35 . The discrepancy between ACTH and @entity2819 levels in young @entity35 suggests an alternative adrenal gland regulatory pathway, which might be present in all studied animals. However, it comes to the front just in @entity8050 deficient pups.

title: Cannabinoid-mediated regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in XXXX : age dependent role of vasopressin.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenocorticotropin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Wnt signaling is an important evolutionary conserved pathway that is not only involved in determination of cellular development, self-renewal, and fate, but also has significant roles in @entity5 development and progression. Deregulation of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway and aberrant expression of its components is commonly observed in solid @entity5 . Such aberrant regulation of Wnt signaling is commonly related to either malfunction of its components or crosstalk with other cellular processes such as the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) signaling cascade. Therefore, identification of the roles of major involved components may be useful to identify new therapeutic targets for @entity5 treatment. In this study, we assessed @entity470 and @entity23358 mRNA expression in @entity5 and margin normal tissues from 55 @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) @entity1 using real-time qRT-PCR, and evaluated clinicopathology relative to the two genes' expression levels. Significant @entity23358 and @entity470 overexpression was observed in 30.9 % (P = 0.017) and 38.2 % (P = 0.006) of @entity5 , respectively. @entity23358 and @entity470 expression were significantly associated not only with each other (P < 0.001), but also with @entity5 staging and depth (P < 0.001). Furthermore, @entity23358 expression was significantly correlated with the @entity5 grade (P = 0.043) and size (P = 0.023). We identify @entity23358 as a new molecular marker of invasive @entity5 , introducing its probable oncogenic role in @entity1721 progression and @entity146 . In line with other reports, we also illustrate the oncogenic function of @entity470 in the development of @entity1721 through advance stages. We also observed a significant correlation between @entity23358 and @entity470 in @entity1721 , which reveals a mutual convergent influence of these factors in @entity5 progression and development. Considering aberrant expression, mutual positive feedback, and the significant clinical relevance of these genes in @entity1721 , we introduce them as appropriate therapeutic targets in adjuvant therapy of @entity1721 .

title: Association of @entity23358 and @entity470 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma', 'ESCC tumors', 'ESCC']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The utility of three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) for right ventricular (RV) assessment is uncertain in older @entity1 and adults with @entity299 ( @entity299 ), in whom the right ventricle is often dilated and dysfunction is common. METHODS: RV assessments using 3DE were compared with manual tracing and @entity8668 ( @entity8668 ) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the reference method. Twenty-eight of 54 consecutive @entity1 (52%; median age, 17 years) with @entity299 had adequate three-dimensional echocardiographic data sets for analysis. RESULTS: There were wide ranges of RV size (mean RV end-diastolic volume index, 143 +/- 43 mL/m(2)) and function (mean RV @entity9568 [ @entity9568 ], 48 +/- 10%) on MRI. End-diastolic volume was underestimated on 3DE by 20% (P < .001) and to a greater degree in larger ventricles (P < .001). There was no significant difference in @entity9568 measurements between 3DE methods and MRI except for @entity8668 (-2.6 +/- 6, P = .03). The mean analysis time for @entity8668 was 5 minutes, compared with 19 minutes for manual tracing (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Approximately half the @entity1 with @entity299 had adequate three-dimensional echocardiographic images. Three-dimensional echocardiography accurately estimated @entity9568 but underestimated volume, particularly when the right ventricle was dilated. @entity8668 minimally underestimated @entity9568 but offered a significant reduction in analysis time.

title: Assessments of right ventricular volume and function using three-dimensional echocardiography in older XXXX and adults with @entity299 : comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9568 :: ('MESH:D054160', 'Disease') :: ['ejection fraction', 'EF']

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['automated border detection', 'ABD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) receives both noradrenergic and dopaminergic projections. These projections are thought to be important for modulation of amygdala neural circuits. In BLA pyramidal neurons, @entity1063 (NA) is known to facilitate @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )ergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) through excitation of interneurons. @entity935 (DA) also is known to facilitate GABAergic sIPSCs in pyramidal neurons of the amygdala region including the BLA. It is unclear which neurotransmitter, NA or DA, is predominant in facilitating sIPSC in the BLA. Whether NA and DA facilitate sIPSC in different or the same pyramidal neurons also remains unknown. Herein, we employed the patch clamp recording technique on BLA pyramidal neurons in @entity19 brain slices, and compared the facilitating actions of NA and DA on sIPSCs. First NA and then DA, or first DA and then NA, were applied to a slice. NA enhanced sIPSC frequency in the majority (80-90%) of pyramidal neurons tested, whereas DA enhanced sIPSC frequency in relatively few neurons (approximately 30%). Neurons responding to NA alone and DA alone accounted, respectively, for 54.3% and 2.9% of the pyramidal neurons tested (11.4% of neurons responded to neither NA nor DA). @entity528 in which NA and DA both facilitated sIPSCs accounted for 31.4% of neurons tested. These results suggest that NA facilitates GABAergic sIPSCs in a larger proportion of @entity19 BLA pyramidal neurons than DA.

title: @entity1063 -induced spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in XXXX basolateral nucleus of amygdala pyramidal neurons: comparison with @entity935 -induced currents.

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Pyramidal neurons']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurotrophins are proteins critically involved in neural growth, survival and differentiation, and therefore important for fetal brain development. Reduced cord blood neurotrophins have been observed in very preterm @entity1 (<32weeks gestation) who subsequently develop @entity1545 . Antenatal @entity479 exposure can alter @entity2252 concentrations, yet studies to date have not examined whether this occurs in the late preterm @entity1 (33-36weeks gestation), despite increasing recognition of @entity245 in this population. AIM: To assess the impact of antenatal @entity230 on cord blood neurotrophins in late preterm @entity1 following antenatal @entity479 exposure. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SUBJECTS: Late preterm @entity1 (33-36weeks; n=119) and term @entity1 (37-41weeks; n=129) born at the @entity1 's and @entity1 's Hospital, Adelaide. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cord blood @entity19562 ( @entity19562 ), @entity19563 , @entity4150 ( @entity4150 ) and @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) concentrations measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Cord blood @entity19563 and @entity4150 were increased at term compared to the late preterm period (p<0.001), while @entity2252 and @entity19562 were not different. In the late preterm period, cord blood @entity19562 was reduced when antenatal @entity230 were administered >24h prior to delivery (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: This study identified an association between reduced cord blood @entity19562 and antenatal @entity479 exposure in the late preterm period. The reduced @entity19562 may be a consequence of @entity230 inducing neuronal apoptosis, thereby reducing endogenous neuronal @entity14840 production, or be an action of @entity230 on other maternal or fetal @entity19562 producing cells, which may then affect neuronal growth, differentiation and survival. Regardless of the specific mechanism, a reduction in @entity19562 may have long term implications for @entity1 neurodevelopment, and emphasizes the ongoing vulnerability of the fetal brain across the full preterm period.

title: Antenatal @entity479 exposure in the late preterm period is associated with reduced cord blood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'Women', 'Children', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['subtle neurodevelopmental deficits']

entities_list: @entity4150 :: ('4803', 'Gene') :: ['nerve growth factor', 'NGF']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF', 'neurotrophin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity19562 :: (4908,Gene) :: ['neurotrophin-3']


abstract: Insulin and @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) have been reported to regulate fat cell mitogenesis and adipogenesis, respectively. This study investigated the pathways involved in @entity3090 modulation of insulin-stimulated mitogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. @entity3090 inhibited insulin stimulation of preadipocyte proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. @entity3090 also suppressed insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the insulin receptor-beta, @entity27019 ( @entity10175 and @entity21320 ), and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway proteins, @entity10242 , @entity16629 , and @entity1366 , but not JNK. Furthermore, @entity3090 inhibited the association of IR with the @entity10175 and @entity21320 proteins, but not with the @entity27020 protein. These data suggest that @entity3090 selectively affects particular types of @entity3135 and MAPK family members. Generally, @entity3090 was more effective than @entity12919 , @entity15360 , and @entity15359 in modulating insulin-stimulated mitogenic signaling. We identified the @entity3090 receptor [also known as the @entity3433 (67LR)] in fat cells and found that its expression was sensitive to growth phase, tissue type, and differentiation state. Pretreatment of preadipocytes with 67LR antiserum prevented the effects of @entity3090 on insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of @entity21320 , @entity10242 , and @entity1366 and insulin-stimulated preadipocyte proliferation (cell number and @entity1603 incorporation). Moreover, @entity3090 tended to increase insulin-stimulated associations between the 67LR and IR, @entity10175 , @entity21320 , and @entity27020 proteins. These data suggest that @entity3090 mediates anti-insulin signaling in preadipocyte mitogenesis via the 67LR pathway.

title: Green tea @entity3089 inhibits insulin stimulation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte mitogenesis via the XXXX pathway.

entities_list: @entity15359 :: ('MESH:C057580', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity12919 :: ('MESH:D002392', 'Chemical') :: ['epicatechin']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity15360 :: ('MESH:C062669', 'Chemical') :: ['epicatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity3433 :: ('3921', 'Gene') :: ['67-kDa laminin receptor']

entities_list: @entity27019 :: ('3667;8660', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor (IR) substrates 1 and 2']

answer: @entity3433 :: (3921,Gene) :: ['67-kDa laminin receptor']