abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the local changes in the ultrastructure of @entity1 skin after iontophoresis, using cryo-scanning, transmission and freeze @entity174 electron microscopy in @entity1 skin in vitro and in vivo. @entity1 dermatomed skin was subjected to passive diffusion for 6 hours followed by nine hours of iontophoresis at 0.5 mA/cm2. The skin was processed and examined using both cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, iontophoresis patches were applied to healthy volunteers for 3.5h with 0.5h of passive delivery followed by 3h of iontophoresis at a current density of 0.25 mA/cm2. Subsequently, a series of tape stripping were performed, which were visualized by freeze @entity174 transmission electron microscopy (FFTEM). In vitro, the cryo-scanning electron microscopy study revealed that electric current induced changes in the water distribution in the stratum corneum. Transmission electron microscopy showed no local changes in the ultrastructure of the stratum corneum; however, layers of detached corneocytes were frequently observed especially at the anodal site. In vivo, there was no evidence of perturbation of the stratum corneum lipid organization; however, changes in the @entity174 were noticed deeper in the stratum corneum at the anodal side, indicating a weakening of the desmosomal structure. The in vitro/in vivo studies suggest that iontophoresis results in the formation of intercellular water pools (in vitro observation) and a weakening of the desmosomal structure (in vivo observation) only in the upper part of the stratum corneum. However, no changes in the lipid organization were observed in vitro and in vivo at the current densities of 0.5 and 0.25 mA/cm2, respectively. Therefore, even at relatively high current densities, no drastic changes in the ultrastructure of the stratum corneum are observed. As far as structural changes in stratum corneum are concerned iontophoresis is therefore a safe method at the experimental conditions we used.

title: Visualization studies of XXXX skin in vitro/in vivo under the influence of an electrical field.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Harvesting autologous tenocytes for tendon engineering may cause secondary @entity924 at the donor site. Dermal fibroblasts are an easily accessible cell source and do not cause major donor site defect. This study aims to explore the possibility of tendon engineering using dermal fibroblasts. A total of 45 hybrid @entity1707 were randomly divided into three groups: experimental group (n = 15)--repair of @entity924 with a dermal fibroblast engineered tendon; control group 1 (n = 15)--repair of defect with a tenocyte engineered tendon; and control group 2 (n = 15)-repair of defect with a scaffold alone. Both autologous dermal fibroblasts and tenocytes were seeded on @entity6886 ( @entity6987 ) unwoven fibers to form a cell-scaffold construct and cultured in vitro for 7 days before in vivo implantation to repair a defect of flexor digital superficial tendon. Specimens were harvested at weeks 6, 14, and 26 for gross, histological, and mechanical analyses. Microscopy revealed good attachment of both dermal fibroblasts and tenocytes on @entity6987 fibers and matrix production. In vivo results showed that fibroblast and tenocyte engineered tendons were similar to each other in their gross view, histology, and tensile strength. At 6 weeks, parallel collagen alignment was observed at both ends, but not in the middle in histology, with more cellular components than natural tendons. At weeks 14 and 26, both engineered tendons exhibited histology similar to that of natural tendon. Collagens became parallel throughout the tendon structure, and @entity6987 fibers were completely degraded. Interestingly, dermal fibroblast and tenocyte engineered tendons did not express @entity22570 at 26 weeks, which remained observable in normal @entity1707 skin and control group 2 tissue using polarized microscopy, suggesting a possible phenotype change of implanted dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, both fibroblast and tenocyte engineered tendons shared similar tensile strength, about 75% of natural tendon strength. At 6 weeks in control group 2, neo-tissue was formed only at the peripheral area by host cells. A cord-like tissue was formed at weeks 14 and 26. However, the formed tissue was histologically disorganized and mechanically weaker than both cell-engineered tendons (p < 0.05). These results suggest that dermal fibroblasts may have the potential as seed cells for tendon engineering.

title: Repair of XXXX with dermal fibroblast engineered tendon in a porcine model.

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon defect']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendon defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although there is randomized evidence that radical prostatectomy improves survival, there are few data on how benefit varies by baseline risk. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to create a statistical model to calculate the decrease in risk of @entity204 associated with surgery for an individual @entity1 , using stage, grade, @entity1486 , and age as predictors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A total of 695 @entity1 with T1 or T2 @entity263 participated in the Scandinavian @entity263 Group 4 trial (SPCG-4). INTERVENTION: @entity1 in SPCG-4 were randomized to radical prostatectomy or conservative management. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Competing risk models were created separately for the radical prostatectomy and the watchful waiting group, with the difference between model predictions constituting the estimated benefit for an individual @entity1 . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Individualized predictions of surgery benefit varied widely depending on age and @entity5 characteristics. At 65 yr of age, the absolute 10-yr risk reduction in @entity263 mortality attributable to radical prostatectomy ranged from 4.5% to 17.2% for low- versus high-risk @entity1 . Little expected benefit was associated with surgery much beyond age 70. Only about a quarter of @entity1 had an individualized benefit within even 50% of the mean. A limitation is that estimates from SPCG-4 have to be applied cautiously to contemporary @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our model suggests that it is hard to justify surgery in @entity1 with Gleason 6, T1 disease or in those @entity1 much above 70 yr of age. Conversely, surgery seems unequivocally of benefit for @entity1 who have Gleason 8, or Gleason 7, stage T2. For @entity1 with Gleason 6 T2 and Gleason 7 T1, treatment is more of a judgment call, depending on @entity1 preference and other clinical findings, such as the number of positive biopsy cores and comorbidities.

title: Individualized estimation of the benefit of radical prostatectomy from the Scandinavian XXXX Group randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (maltreatment and household dysfunction) are associated with adult @entity65 ( @entity65 ). One possible pathway is through physical development, which has been linked to @entity65 risk. Our aim was to examine whether adverse childhood experiences are associated with @entity1 -to-adult height trajectories. METHOD: The 1958 British birth cohort (n=17,638) includes all born in one week in March 1958, followed up to mid adulthood. Height was measured at 7, 11 and 16 years (y) and adulthood (converted to standard deviation scores ( @entity214 ); >= 1 height measurement n=16,444, adult leg length n=9180). Multivariate response models were used to examine the associations between childhood experiences (ascertained at 7 y and self-reported at 45 y) and @entity1 -to-adult height. RESULTS: Childhood neglect, prospectively assessed at 7 y, was associated with shorter stature throughout childhood: for each increment across a score ranging 0-7, average height reduced by 0.06 @entity214 (males) and 0.05 @entity214 (females) at 7 y (   0.3 cm), with smaller deficits (0.03 @entity214 ,    0.2 cm) in adulthood, after adjustment for parental height, birthweight and socio-economic factors. In males, the adult deficit was mainly due to shorter leg length. Household dysfunction was associated with shorter stature at 7-11 y, with adjusted deficits from 0.04 to 0.07 @entity214 per increment across a score ranging 0-7, but not at later ages. Adjusted models showed no associations for retrospectively reported abuse or neglect to 16 y. CONCLUSIONS: Those with a higher neglect score by 7 y grew more slowly, with deficits through to adulthood. No associations were found for abuse over the longer period to 16 y. Deficits associated with early life neglect and household dysfunction might have implications for adult @entity65 risks.

title: Adverse childhood experiences and XXXX -to-adult height trajectories in the 1958 British birth cohort.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity628 ( @entity628 ) needs a renal biopsy, which is an invasive procedure with potentially serious complications. Proteomics may be applied for the development of a biomarker for these diseases which will obviate the need of biopsy. Serum @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electro-phoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis gives an idea of the various proteins with different molecular weights (MWs) in a given sample. This study was conducted to analyze proteins with different MWs in @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity628 and to compare the two groups with regard to their protein profile. This was a comparative, experimental study performed from June 2013 to July 2014 in the Department of Nephrology, Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Twenty-three histologically diagnosed cases of primary @entity8 and 25 cases of @entity628 were included in the study. @entity1 were categorized as having mild, moderate, and severe @entity644 with 24 h urinary protein levels of <4, 4- 8 and >= 8 g/24 h, respectively. @entity214 -PAGE analysis was performed by the method of Laemmli and revealed a significantly higher number of @entity1 with @entity628 (80%) having a protein corresponding to 29 kDa MW, than those with @entity8 (39.1%) (P = 0.004). Protein of 5 kDa MW was present in a significantly higher number of @entity1 with moderate (80%) and severe (100%) @entity644 than those with mild @entity644 (25%) (P <0.001). Thus, protein of MW 29 kDa may be a marker for @entity628 and needs further characterization. Similarly, 5 kDa protein, present in @entity1 with moderate and severe @entity644 , might be either contributing to or be a marker of severe @entity221 .

title: Serum @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis analysis of @entity1 with XXXX and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy', 'MN']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['FSGS', 'focal and segmental glomerulo- sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['membranous nephropathy']


abstract: QUESTION: Does mechanically assisted walking increase walking speed or distance in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity64 compared with no intervention/non-walking intervention, or with overground walking? DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised trials. @entity1 : Ambulatory adults with @entity64 . INTERVENTION: Mechanically assisted walking (treadmill or gait trainer) without body weight support. OUTCOME MEASURES: Walking speed measured in m/s during the 10-m Walk Test and walking distance measured in m during the 6-min Walk Test. RESULTS: Nine studies of treadmill training comprising 977 @entity1 were included. Treadmill training resulted in faster walking than no intervention/non-walking intervention immediately after the intervention period ( @entity601 0.14m/s, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.19) and this was maintained beyond the intervention period ( @entity601 -0.12m/s, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.17). It also resulted in greater walking distance immediately after the intervention period ( @entity601 40m, 95% CI 27 to 53) and this was also maintained beyond the intervention period ( @entity601 40m, 95% CI 24 to 55). There was no immediate, statistically significant difference between treadmill training and overground training in terms of walking speed ( @entity601 0.05m/s, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.21) or distance ( @entity601 -6m, 95% CI -45 to 33). CONCLUSION: This systematic review provides evidence that, for @entity1 with @entity64 who can walk, treadmill training without body weight support results in faster walking speed and greater distance than no intervention/ non-walking intervention and the benefit is maintained beyond the training period.

title: Treadmill training is effective for ambulatory adults with XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pluripotent @entity189 are good potential models, to study, "in vitro," the mechanisms that control differentiation during embryogenesis. The @entity1 ( @entity29197 ) cell line is a well known system of ectodermal differentiation. @entity1968 (RA) induces a dorsal pattern of differentiation (essentially neurons) and @entity6861 ( @entity6861 ) or @entity16747 ( @entity16747 ) induces a more ventral (epidermal) pattern of differentiation. However, whether these @entity1 cells could give rise to mesoderm derivatives as their counterpart in @entity19 remained elusive. We analyzed the morphological characteristics and transcriptional activation of genes pertinent in cardiac muscle and endothelium differentiation, during the growth of @entity29197 cells in an inductive angiomyogenic medium with or without @entity1841 ( @entity1841 ). RESULTS: Our experiments showed that NT2/D1 maintains their typical actin organization in angiomyogenic medium. Although the beta myosin heavy chain gene was never detected, all the other 15 genes analyzed maintained their expression throughout the time course of the experiment. Among them were early and late cardiac, endothelial, neuronal and @entity14641 genes. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that despite the @entity29197 cells natural tendency to differentiate into neuroectodermal lineages, they can activate genes of mesodermal lineages. Therefore, we believe that these pluripotent cells might still be a good model to study biological development of mesodermal derivatives, provided the right culture conditions are met.

title: @entity1 pluripotent XXXX @entity1 cells maintain their typical morphology in an angiomyogenic medium.

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['teratocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['BMP2', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity16747 :: ('MESH:C014026', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethylenebisacetamide', 'HMBA']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity6861 :: ('649', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein', 'BMP']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['embryonal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study compared the dynamic surface electromyographic (EMG) activities of back muscles and @entity158 before and after traditional bone setting and physical therapy. METHODS: This study was a prospective clinical trial that compared surface EMG dynamic activities after traditional bone setting and physical therapy. Sixty-one @entity1 (mean age, 41 years) with nonspecific @entity1643 were randomized into two subgroups by treatment. The @entity1 underwent a dynamic EMG evaluation for which they were asked to stand and then bend forward as far as possible, stay fully flexed, and return to standing. A flexion-relaxation ratio was calculated by comparing maximal EMG activity while flexing with the average EMG activity in full flexion. Concentric (maximal EMG activity during extension) and eccentric (maximal EMG activity during flexion) ratios were also used in the analyses. RESULTS: Disability, @entity308 , and visual analog scale scores decreased significantly after both treatments. The concentric ratio increased statistically in both groups after the treatments. The study failed to show a significant association between experienced back @entity158 and EMG parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments seem to have a positive influence on back muscle function by improving muscle symmetry; however, the treatments had no effect on the flexion-relaxation phenomenon after 1 month. Active back exercise at home together with rehabilitation treatments might be effective and improve function for @entity1 with @entity1643 .

title: Dynamic surface electromyographic responses in XXXX treated by traditional bone setting and conventional physical therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: We proposed that the combination of conjugated @entity4722 ( @entity13357 ) and @entity369 would decrease @entity1386 by depressing lipid synthesis in liver and adipose tissues of growing @entity1707 . @entity1707 were allotted to treatments in a 2   2 factorial design with two lipids ( @entity13357 or canola oil) and two @entity1522 [ @entity534 or @entity5098 (isonitrogenous control)]; supplements were provided from 80 to 110 kg body weight (approximately 4 weeks). Treatment groups (n = 4) were: control (2.05% @entity5098 plus 1% canola oil); @entity13357 (2.05% @entity5098 plus 1% @entity13357 ); @entity369 (1.0% @entity534 plus 1.0% canola oil); @entity369 plus @entity13357 (1.0% @entity369 plus 1.0% @entity13357 ). @entity369 increased backfat thickness (P = 0.07) in the absence or presence of @entity13357 , and @entity369 supplementation increased subcutaneous and retroperitoneal adipocyte volume, especially in combination with dietary @entity13357 (interaction P = 0.001). @entity369 increased palmitate incorporation into total lipids by over 60% in liver (P = 0.07). Dietary @entity13357 increased palmitate incorporation into lipids in longissimus muscle by over 100% (P = 0.01), and @entity13357 increased longissimus muscle lipid by nearly 20%. @entity13357 increased @entity413 oxidation to @entity515 by over 80% in retroperitoneal and subcutaneous adipose tissues (P = 0.04), and doubled @entity2365 oxidation to @entity515 in intestinal duodenal mucosal cells (P = 0.07). @entity369 supplementation decreased muscle pH at 45 min postmortem (P = 0.001), indicating elevated early postmortem glycolysis, and @entity13357 and @entity369 independently increased @entity39781 gene expression in longissimus muscle. @entity13357 but not @entity369 @entity308 @entity3470 gene expression in intestinal duodenal mucosal cells. @entity13357 decreased serum insulin by 50% (P = 0.02) but increased serum @entity1674 by over 40%. @entity13357 supplementation increased (P  <= 0.01) total @entity1718 in liver and adipose tissue. In conclusion, neither @entity13357 nor @entity369 @entity308 tissue lipid synthesis in growing/finishing @entity1707 , and in fact dietary @entity13357 promoted elevated intramuscular lipid and @entity369 increased carcass @entity1386 .

title: Lipid metabolism in @entity1707 fed supplemental conjugated XXXX and/or dietary @entity369 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity5098 :: ('CHEBI:16977', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alanine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: A 17-year-old male with @entity3052 relapsed 4 months after myeloablative conditioning and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from an HLA-identical unrelated donor. A second PBSC harvest was infused 2 days after completion of cytoreductive therapy with @entity2664 7 mg/m(2)/day i.v. for 3 days (total dose 21 mg/m(2)), @entity3118 30 mg/m(2)/day i.v. for 6 days (total dose 180 mg/m(2)) and @entity2592 125 mg/m(2)/day i.v. for 5 days (total dose 625 mg/m(2)). Neutrophil recovery occurred on day +10 and was associated with GVHD grade III of the skin which was treated with @entity205 (CsA) and @entity229 . Because of fever of unknown origin and progressive fatigue combined with @entity551 on day +15 after second PBSCT, echocardiography was performed which revealed a dramatic decrease in systolic function compared to the status pre-transplant. On the same day acute @entity712 with consecutive @entity2224 occurred. Although resuscitation was performed immediately the @entity1 died. The autopsy revealed massive infiltration by donor @entity405 -positive lymphocytes with concomitant extensive damage of the heart tissue. @entity2401 of viral origin was excluded by in situ hybridization and nested PCR techniques. In this @entity1 , @entity296 by acute GVHD seems to have triggered a fatal @entity943 and @entity712 .

title: Acute XXXX after allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation due to massive @entity296 by cytotoxic T cells of donor origin.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['Acute myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity626 ( @entity626 ) is a common disease that is characterized by the @entity528 in the knee. Genetic factors have been implicated in @entity626 . Recently, several genetic studies have suggested that susceptibility to @entity626 is affected by the number of @entity2574 (D) residues in the @entity1472 -terminal of the @entity37892 protein, but evidence remains conflicting. Therefore, the objective of the present meta-analysis was to investigate whether or not the D-repeat polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to @entity626 . METHODS: A systematic search of all relevant studies published through Dec 2012 was conducted using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID, and ScienceDirect. Allelic counts were evaluated for the D14 and D13 alleles respectively. The included studies were only assessed in the analysis of the following allele model: D14 allele vs others alleles combined, D13 allele vs others alleles combined, and D14 allele vs D13 allele. RESULTS: Seven studies (eight comparisons) with 5515 total @entity1 (2334 @entity626 @entity1 and 3181 controls), which involved four Caucasian and four Asian populations, were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analysis was conducted for genotype D14 vs others combined, D13 vs others combined, and D14 vs D13. In the stratification based on ethnicity, studies were divided into Caucasian and Asian populations. We did not detect positive association between @entity626 and the D14 allele in Asian populations (OR  =  1.527, 95% CI: 0.879-2.653) and in Caucasian populations (OR  =  1.053, 95% CI: 0.905-1.225). There was also no positive association between susceptibility to @entity626 and D13 allele in Asian populations (OR  =  0.950, 95% CI: 0.732-1.233) and in Caucasian populations (OR  =  0.866, 95% CI: 0.723-1.037). CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the D-repeat of @entity37892 gene ( @entity37892 ) may not be a major susceptibility locus in the Caucasian and Asian populations with @entity626 . Because of the limitations of the present meta-analysis, accurate conclusions could not be drawn based on the current evidence, and further studies with large sample size are required.

title: Association between @entity2574 repeat polymorphism of the XXXX gene and susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis: a genetic meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['Knee osteoarthritis', 'KOA']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of joint cartilage']

answer: @entity37892 :: (54829,Gene) :: ['asporin']


abstract: Two substrains of the epithelial liver cell line C1I, one storing large amounts of glycogen, the other one being very poor in glycogen were used as a model for studying glycogen synthesis. The glycogen content of glycogen-rich cells doubled during the proliferative phase and remained high in plateau phase although glycogen synthase I activity was not significantly altered during growth cycle and was too low to account for the increase in glycogen. However, the activity of the @entity3776 ( @entity37823 )-dependent synthase rose continuously during growth cycle, and intracellular @entity37823 -concentration increased about 10-fold in log phase cells to 0.72 mumol g-1 wet weight. A0.5 of synthase for @entity37823 was 0.79 mM. It was also found that in contrast to the enzyme from normal liver, glycogen phosphorylase a from C1I cells was inhibited by @entity37823 , the apparent Ki being 0.45 mM. It was concluded that glycogen accumulation in C1I cells was due to stimulation of synthase and inhibition of phosphorylase by @entity37823 . Findings from the glycogen-poor cell line which revealed similar specific activities of synthase and phosphorylase but only low @entity37823 (0.056 mumol g-1 wet weight) supported this conclusion. Addition of @entity413 to starved cells resulted in a transient activation of synthase in both cell lines. Net glycogen synthesis, was, however, only observed in the cells with a high @entity37823 -content. Thus, modulation of synthase and phosphorylase by @entity37823 and not activation/inactivation of the enzymes seems to play a predominant role in glycogen accumulation in this cell line.

title: XXXX plays a central role in the regulation of glycogen synthesis in a glycogen-storing liver cell line.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose 6-phosphate']

answer: @entity3776 :: (MESH:D019298,Chemical) :: ['Glucose 6-phosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stage IIIA(N2) @entity1149 is a heterogeneous spectrum ranging from microscopic lymph node @entity3 to bulky multistation nodal disease. While some favor surgical resection after neoadjuvant therapy, others favor definitive chemoradiation for treatment. Our aim was to determine practice patterns of thoracic surgeons. METHODS: We invited 2,539 active surgeons identified on the Cardiothoracic Surgery Network as expressing interest in general thoracic surgery to participate in an anonymous Web-based survey. The @entity1 evaluated clinical vignettes of a @entity1 with single station @entity66 . RESULTS: In all, 513 surgeons (20%) responded, with 222 (43%) in academic practice. For microscopic @entity66 , 84% (n=430) preferred neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery. For grossly involved @entity66 , 62% (n=318) favored neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery if @entity66 was downstaged. In @entity1 with normal pulmonary function tests, requiring pneumonectomy, in the presence of bulky, single station @entity66 , there was less consensus: 32% (n=163) favored neoadjuvant therapy followed by lobectomy (less radical surgery than initially predicted) if feasible and @entity66 had downstaged, 30% (n=159) favored neoadjuvant therapy followed by pneumonectomy if @entity66 downstaged, 12% (n=60) would favor surgery regardless of @entity66 downstaging, and 22% (n=114) favored definitive chemoradiation. If the @entity1 did not have adequate pulmonary function for pneumonectomy but could tolerate lobectomy, 50% favored neoadjuvant therapy followed by reassessment for lobectomy and 41% favored definitive chemoradiation. CONCLUSIONS: There is no clear consensus on management of @entity1 with @entity5 in the United States. Diversity of opinion is greatest in @entity1 with more @entity2 , and limited pulmonary function.

title: Management of stage IIIA XXXX by thoracic surgeons in North America.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['N2 disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IIIA lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare ultrasound and post-mortem findings in 98 fetuses and @entity1 with an abnormal karyotype. DESIGN: Criteria for inclusion were an ultrasound examination at the National Center for Fetal Medicine (NCFM), an abnormal karyotype, and an autopsy performed during the period 1985-94. RESULTS: Trisomy 18 and 21 were the two most common abnormal karyotypes. The highest number of @entity154 was observed in cases with trisomy 13 and 18; @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) were most prevalent among fetuses with trisomy 18. In 80% of cases there was full agreement between the ultrasound and autopsy findings; in another 8% of cases there was nearly complete concordance. Thus, in 88% of cases, the main prenatal sonographic diagnosis was correct. In 6% major autopsy findings were not detected by ultrasound examination, in 1% none of the autopsy findings were detected by routine ultrasound and in 5% ultrasound findings were not verified at autopsy. Where the correlation was related to individual autosomal trisomies, @entity11578 were most often correctly diagnosed in fetuses with trisomy 13, with the main diagnosis correct in all cases; second in accuracy were the ultrasound diagnoses in fetuses with trisomy 21 with the main diagnosis correct in 96%; for trisomy 18 the concordance was less good, with the main diagnosis correct in 71%. CONCLUSION: The present comparison of sonographic diagnoses with post-mortem findings demonstrates good accordance between the two methods. It also demonstrates the importance of awareness of the anomalies known to occur with different aneuploidies.

title: A correlative study of prenatal ultrasound and post-mortem findings in fetuses and XXXX with an abnormal karyotype.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity11578 :: ('MESH:D020914', 'Disease') :: ['structural anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Immune recognition of @entity5 can limit @entity5 development, but antitumor immune responses are often blocked by @entity5 -mediated immunosuppression. Because microbes or microbial constituents are powerful adjuvants to stimulate immune responses, we evaluated whether intratumoral administration of a highly immunogenic but attenuated parasite could induce rejection of an established poorly immunogenic @entity5 . We treated intradermal B16F10 @entity19 @entity320 by intratumoral injection of an attenuated strain of @entity3204 (cps) that cannot replicate in vivo and therefore is not infective. The cps treatment stimulated a strong CD8(+) T cell-mediated antitumor immune response in vivo that regressed established primary @entity320 . The cps monotherapy rapidly modified the @entity5 microenvironment, halting @entity5 growth, and subsequently, as @entity5 -reactive T cells expanded, the @entity5 disappeared and rarely returned. The treatment required live cps that could invade cells and also required CD8(+) T cells and NK cells, but did not require CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IL-12, IFN-y, and the CXCR3-stimulating cytokines are required for full treatment efficacy. The treatment developed systemic antitumor immune activity as well as antitumor immune memory and therefore might have an impact against @entity1 @entity3 . The approach is not specific for either B16F10 or @entity320 . Direct intratumoral injection of cps has efficacy against an inducible @entity74 model and transplantable lung and @entity43 , demonstrating potential for broad clinical use. The combination of efficacy, systemic antitumor immune response, and complete attenuation with no observed host @entity137 demonstrates the potential value of this novel @entity5 therapy.

title: Immune-mediated regression of established B16F10 @entity320 by intratumoral injection of attenuated XXXX protects against rechallenge.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the degree of specificity of the cellular immune response in @entity2622 , that is known to be @entity1082 -related, we investigated the exact relationship between in situ @entity5 -infiltrating immune cells and the monomorphic/allele-specific HLA expression on the @entity5 cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Attention was focussed on the type, location and number of in situ immunocompetent cells in malignant cervical tissue (N = 30). Immune cell distribution was quantitatively assessed by morphometry for stromal and @entity5 tissue separately. These results were related to the degree of expression of monomorphic- and allele-specific HLA I and II antigens on the cervical @entity5 cells. RESULTS: In monomorphic HLA class I downregulated cervical @entity5 , a significant decrease in @entity5 -infiltrating @entity405 + T cells was observed. However, allele-specific downregulation of respectively HLA-A2, HLA-A3, @entity43613 , and HLA-Bw6, did not correlate significantly with a decrease in @entity5 -infiltrating immune cells. For HLA class @entity5 , HLA-DR expression significantly correlated with an increase in the presence of @entity5 -infiltrating CD3+/ @entity404 +/ @entity405 + T cells, @entity2940 + natural killer cells and @entity4071 + macrophages. No significant correlations were found between alterations in HLA class I or II expression on the @entity5 cells and stromal infiltrating immune cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations provide in situ immunomorphologic evidence that in @entity2622 , de novo expression of HLA class II antigens on the @entity5 cells resulted in an increase of @entity5 -infiltrating immune cells. In addition, the @entity5 -infiltrating @entity405 + T lymphocytes correlated with monomorphic HLA class I expression on the @entity5 cells, which stresses the existence of a HLA-restricted immune response of T lymphocytes in @entity2622 . These findings might have implications for the biologic behavior of this disease and have to be taken into account in strategies concerning immunotherapy of @entity2622 .

title: Association between HLA-expression and infiltration of immune cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'II-positive cervical tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There are numerous challenges in delivering appropriate treatment for @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ) and the evidence base to guide those practices remains limited. We present the third updated Research Agenda for the programmatic management of drug-resistant @entity1906 (PMDT), assembled through a literature review and survey. METHODS: Publications citing the 2008 research agenda and normative documents were reviewed for evidence gaps. Gaps were formulated into questions and grouped as in the 2008 research agenda: Laboratory Support, Treatment Strategy, Programmatically Relevant Research, Epidemiology, and Management of Contacts. A survey was distributed through snowball sampling to identify research priorities. Respondent priority rankings were scored and summarized by mean. Sensitivity analyses explored weighting and handling of missing rankings. RESULTS: Thirty normative documents and publications were reviewed for stated research needs; these were collapsed into 56 research questions across 5 categories. Of more than 500 survey recipients, 133 ranked priorities within at least one category. Priorities within categories included new diagnostics and their effect on improving treatment outcomes, improved diagnosis of paucibacillary and extra @entity358 , and development of shorter, effective regimens. Interruption of nosocomial transmission and treatment for @entity281 in contacts of known @entity6371 @entity1 were also top priorities in their respective categories. Results were internally consistent and robust. DISCUSSION: Priorities retained from the 2008 research agenda include @entity6371 regimens and averting transmission. Limitations of recent advances were implied in the continued quest for: shorter regimens containing new drugs, rapid diagnostics that improve treatment outcomes, and improved methods of estimating burden without representative data. CONCLUSION: There is continuity around the priorities for research in PMDT. Coordinated efforts to address questions regarding shorter treatment regimens, knowledge of disease burden without representative data, and treatment for LTBI in contacts of known DR- @entity1906 @entity1 are essential to stem the epidemic of @entity1906 , including DR- @entity1906 .

title: Programmatic Management of XXXX : An Updated Research Agenda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['MDR-TB', 'shorter MDR-TB', 'multidrug-resistant tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['latent TB infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis']


abstract: From October 1986 to January 1991, 47 @entity1 with @entity418 (29 squamous, 18 @entity420 ) were treated with simultaneous radiotherapy (3000 or 3600 cGy) and chemotherapy (infusional @entity1487 , @entity900 ) delivered during a 5-week period. This treatment was well tolerated; 44 @entity1 (94%) completed a full course of therapy, 40 (85%) had relief from @entity1282 , and 21 (45%) noted either @entity1017 or no net @entity353 . One @entity1 (2%) died of complications ( @entity4501 , perforated @entity1066 ) during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The remaining 46 @entity1 were referred for operation. Six refused because of excellent relief of their @entity1282 , and one was denied operation. Thirty-nine @entity1 went to operation, and 34 (83%) had lesions that were resectable. Eight of the 39 surgically treated @entity1 (21%) had no evidence of @entity41 identified in the resected specimens. One of these complete responders died 7 weeks postoperatively after multiple complications (3% operative mortality rate). Three of the remaining seven have also died since the operation, one of recurrent @entity5 and two with no known recurrent disease. Actuarial survival in this present series was significantly better than that of our 1980 to 1985 historical control @entity1 (p less than 0.005). There was no difference between @entity1 with @entity957 and those with @entity420 with regard to the prevalence of complete response or long-term survival. Survival of the seven @entity1 who did not undergo operation was comparable with that of the 34 @entity1 in whom esophagectomy was performed. This study suggests that combined preoperative chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for @entity418 is well tolerated, provides excellent palliation of symptoms, allows for a high rate of resectability, is equally effective for @entity957 and @entity420 , and provides encouraging early results with regard to long-term survival. The data also call into question the role of esophagectomy, particularly in @entity1 who have a complete response to preoperative therapy.

title: Preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: Operative treatment of displaced @entity174 has demonstrated lower rates of nonunion and symptomatic malunion, improved functional outcomes, and earlier return to activities versus nonoperative treatment. Surgical treatment may offer a reduction in the relative risk of nonunion and symptomatic malunion and an earlier return to work or sport. To present an easy and safe method of acquiring orthogonal views of the clavicle without any manipulation of the @entity1 's upper extremity. Academic medical center and private clinic in the Midwestern United States; retrospective @entity1 cohort. We reviewed records of @entity1 with acute @entity174 between January 2010 and August 2011. Thirty-four @entity1 were treated with sling immobilization and 52 @entity1 were treated surgically with superior plate and screw internal fixation. Prior to the introduction of orthogonal views, 19 @entity1 were treated nonoperatively and 22 treated with internal fixation. Addition of orthogonal views increased the number of @entity1 treated surgically: In the same period, 15 @entity1 were treated nonoperatively and 30 with internal fixation. Following surgery, @entity1 were evaluated in the outpatient office at 2 and 6 weeks and 3 and 6 months. Nonoperatively treated @entity1 were evaluated at 1, 2, and 4 weeks and 3 and 6 months postinjury. Standard use of orthogonal views has led to greater utilization of surgical treatment of @entity174 at our institution and improved both the understanding and treatment of these injuries.

title: Improved clinical utility in XXXX decision-making with true orthogonal radiographs.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['clavicle fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['clavicle fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the usefulness of selected physiological and perceptual measures to monitor fitness, @entity1295 and running performance during a pre-season, 2-week training camp in eighteen professional Australian Rules Football players (21.9  2.0 years). DESIGN: Observational. METHODS: Training load, perceived ratings of wellness (e.g., @entity1295 , @entity25 ) and salivary @entity701 were collected daily. Submaximal exercise heart rate (HRex) and a vagal-related heart rate variability index (LnSD1) were also collected at the start of each training session. Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 test (Yo-YoIR2, assessed pre-, mid- and post-camp, temperate conditions) and @entity2101 ( @entity2101 , >14.4 km h(-1), 4 times throughout, outdoor) were used as performance measures. RESULTS: There were significant (P<0.001 for all) day-to-day variations in training load (coefficient of variation, CV: 66%), wellness measures (6-18%), HRex (3.3%), LnSD1 (19.0%), but not @entity701 (20.0%, P=0.60). While the overall wellness (+0.06, 90% CL (-0.14; 0.02) AU day(-1)) did not change substantially throughout the camp, HRex decreased (-0.51 (-0.58; -0.45)% day(-1)), and @entity701 (+0.31 (0.06; 0.57) nmol L(-1)day(-1)), LnSD1 (+0.1 (0.04; 0.06) ms day(-1)), Yo-YoIR2 performance (+23.7 (20.8; 26.6) m day(-1), P<0.001), and @entity2101 (+4.1 (1.5; 6.6) m day(-1), P<0.001) increased. Day-to-day /\HRex (r=0.80, 90% CL (0.75; 0.85)), /\LnSD1 (0.51 (r=0.40; 0.62)) and all wellness measures (0.28 (-0.39; -0.17)<r<0.25 (0.14; 0.36)) were related to /\training load. There was however no clear relationship between /\ @entity701 and /\training load. /\Yo-YoIR2 was correlated with /\HRex (r=0.88 (0.84; 0.92)), /\LnSD1 (r=0.78 (0.67; 0.89)), /\wellness (r=0.58 (0.41; 0.75), but not /\ @entity701 . /\ @entity2101 was correlated with /\HRex (r = -0.27 (-0.48; -0.06)) and /\wellness (r=0.65 (0.49; 0.81)), but neither with /\LnSD1 nor /\ @entity701 . CONCLUSIONS: Training load, HRex and wellness measures are the best simple measures for monitoring training responses to an intensified training camp; @entity701 post-exercise and LnSD1 did not show practical efficacy here.

title: Monitoring fitness, XXXX and running performance during a pre-season training camp in elite football players.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-speed running distance during standardized drills', 'HSR']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: Autophagosomes were observed frequently in electron microscope photographs of Leydig cells from normal adult @entity35 testis. Their formation, evolution and fate were analyzed morphologically in preparations treated to show @entity3183 monophosphatase (CMPase) and @entity413 -6-phosphatase ( @entity19615 ) activities and in animals sacrificed at various time intervals ranging from 5 min to 6 hrs after a single intratesticular injection of cationic ferritin. Analysis of the morphologic data led to the following interpretation and model. Preautophagosomal structures appeared as flattened, elongated membranous profiles. These expanded, took on a C-shape and fused at their edges to demarcate a small cytoplasmic territory containing normal-looking smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Such early autophagosomes were thus delimited by two membranes separated by a narrow lumen. Following fusion of these elements with secondary lysosomes, the space between the two membranes increased in size, the inner membrane disintegrated and the enclosed organelles no longer could be identified. The late autophagosomes then reached the cell surface and appeared to exocytose their residual content. In contrast to secondary lysosomes and trans-Golgi elements, which were CMPase-positive, the preautophagosomal flattened membranous elements and early autophagosomes were CMPase-negative. The late autophagosomes on the contrary were CMPase-positive. While ER cisternae were @entity19615 -positive, the pre-, early and late autophagosomal structures were unreactive for this enzyme. Cationic ferritin tracer experiments showed that only late autophagosomes became labeled with cationic ferritin following their fusion with secondary lysosomes into which the tracer had accumulated following its endocytosis from the cell surface.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Origin and fate of autophagosomes in Leydig cells of normal adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3183 :: ('MESH:D003562', 'Chemical') :: ['cytidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity293 increases with increasing age for both @entity1 and @entity1 , reaching over 50% for both sexes amongst institutionalized @entity1 . @entity793 is, generally, asymptomatic, and asymptomatic @entity793 is not an indication for therapy, except prior to invasive genitourinary procedures. Treatment has not been shown to prevent subsequent symptomatic episodes, is associated with antimicrobial adverse effects, and promotes the emergence of resistant organisms. In addition, early recurrence is the rule following therapy in the institutionalized elderly and prolonged periods free of @entity793 are seldom achieved. Symptomatic @entity281 may manifest as invasive @entity281 or irritative symptoms. Antimicrobial therapy is selected on the basis of organism susceptibility and @entity1 tolerance. Therapy of 7-14 days is suggested, as short course therapy is not as effective in older @entity1 . For @entity1 , initial courses of therapy of 7-14 days are likely to be appropriate. As prostatic localization is frequent, recurrent symptomatic @entity281 may require more prolonged therapy of six or 12 weeks. @entity793 in the elderly is a large and complex problem. Overuse of antimicrobials should be avoided, but further investigations to characterize the optimal use of antimicrobials are still required.

title: XXXX in the elderly. How to treat and when?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteriuria', 'bacteriuria']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['Urinary tract infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Facts and hypotheses on the relationship between some @entity1 's @entity74 and external stressors during the developmental stage of a @entity1 , both prenatally and postnatally are described in literature. In this paper the following changes in patterns and causes of the main childhood illnesses are summarized and recommendations for actions are made. Prematurity. Intra-uterine growth restriction. @entity10523 . Type I and @entity2175 . @entity565 , @entity2023 . @entity2438 . @entity71 ( @entity71 ). @entity4207 . @entity5 . @entity28 . Hearing problems. RESULTS: Literature provides a growing amount of information on changing patterns in childhood diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The following recommendations for action are formulated: Immediate research on endocrine disrupters in relation to prematurity. @entity6 : avoid Maillard Compounds in liquid baby food and in food in general: promote breastfeeding. @entity565 : avoid exposure to smoking, the use of chemical household products, @entity8710 and @entity8710 -like chemicals, and avoid air pollution with high levels of particulate matter, especially around conception, during pregnancy and in the first years of life. @entity2438 : more research on incidence and causes. @entity71 and @entity4207 : more research on prevalence and causes. Preventions: 1) preconception counselling to avoid potentially harmful substances; 2) controlling and further lowering levels of @entity3215 , lead and @entity5165 . @entity5 : promote breastfeeding, carry out research into effects of foetal exposure to internal fission-product radionuclides. @entity28 : stop smoking in pregnancy, avoid parental @entity28 , longer night sleep. Hearing problems: lower noise levels in discoth  ques, promote the day-evening-night level to avoid noise (longer night sleep).

title: Today's epidemics in XXXX : possible relations to environmental pollution and suggested preventive measures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular dysgenesis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['atopy and hay fever']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['diseases or disorders']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disabilities', 'Learning disabilities']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls']

entities_list: @entity5165 :: ('CHEBI:30785', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl mercury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The interaction of @entity619 with nuclei and chromatin was investigated following incubation of liver slices from fetal, immature (6-day-old) and adult @entity35 with the labeled @entity134 at 37 degrees. The number of specific binding sites for @entity619 in purified liver nuclei increases with the age of the animal in a manner similar to that previously reported for the cytoplasmic receptor. The high affinity nuclear binding approaches saturation at 40 and 500 nM @entity619 in fetal and adult liver, respectively. In comparison with @entity619 , the relative efficiency of @entity2819 to accumulate in the nucleus is 9 percent in fetal liver and only 1 percent in adult liver. Specifically bound @entity619 in adult nuclei exists in at least three forms; a Tris-soluble, a KC1-soluble, and a residual (non-extractable with KC1 or DNase) form. Part of the Tris-soluble @entity134 is associated with macromolecules sedimenting at about 4 S both in the presence and absence of 0.4 M KC1. This form of the receptor was not detected in fetal liver nuclei. In liver chromatin, bound @entity619 exists in a KC1-soluble and a residual form, the latter comprising the major fraction of @entity134 associated with chromatin from both fetal and adult tissue (60 and 75 percent, respectively). Treatment with Triton X-100 releases about 20 percent of the radioactivity in adult liver nuclei, but has no effect on fetal liver nuclei. In contrast with the above observations in the intact tissue, the major fraction of @entity134 bound to chromatin in cell-free systems is KC1- and DNase-soluble, only 30 percent remaining in the residual pellet.

title: Binding of glucocorticoids to liver nuclei and chromatin of fetal, immature and adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is not clear if long-term antithrombotic treatment has a beneficial effect on the incidence of @entity1031 in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). The HELAS study ( @entity712 Long-term Antithrombotic Study) is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate antithrombotic treatment in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: 197HF @entity1 (EF <35%) were enrolled. @entity1 with @entity299 were randomised to receive either @entity117 325mg or @entity1229 . @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 ) were randomised to receive either @entity1229 or placebo. RESULTS: Analysis of the data from 312 @entity1 years showed an incidence of 2.2 embolic events per 100 @entity1 years, with no significant difference between groups. The incidence of @entity583 , hospitalisation, exacerbation of @entity712 , @entity204 and @entity548 were not different between the groups. No peripheral or pulmonary emboli were reported. Echocardiographic follow-up for 2years showed an overall increase in left ventricular ejection fraction from 28.2+/-6 to 30.3+/-7 p<0.05, which was most obvious in @entity1 with @entity384 taking @entity1229 (EF 26.8+/-5.3 at baseline, 30.7+/-10 at 2 years, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Overall embolic events are rare in @entity712 regardless of treatment. (2) Treatment does not seem to affect outcome.

title: Efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in XXXX : the HELAS study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'chronic heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'Dilated Cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Ischaemic Heart Disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To rationalize the technique and reduce the costs associated with chronic deep brain stimulation of the thalamus for treatment of refractory @entity400 . METHODS: The efficacy and safety of a modification in surgical techniques was prospectively assessed in 94 @entity1 with @entity400 . Bilateral electrodes were implanted in 29 @entity1 , and 65 @entity1 received unilateral implants. Forty-five @entity1 had @entity191 @entity400 , 42 @entity1 had essential @entity400 , and 7 @entity1 had kinetic @entity400 of different causes. In all instances, intraoperative stimulations to analyze the thresholds of intrinsic and extrinsic responses were performed directly with the implanted leads. The electrodes were repositioned until satisfactory results were achieved. The pulse generators were implanted directly after the first step in the same operative session. @entity1 were not subjected to interoperative test stimulation trials. RESULTS: Postoperative improvement of @entity400 at a mean follow-up of 11.9 months was rated as excellent in 47 @entity1 (50%), marked in 37 @entity1 (39%), moderate in 8 @entity1 (9%), and minor in 2 @entity1 (2%). There was no persistent morbidity related to surgery. In @entity1 with @entity191 , the symptomatic improvement of @entity400 was rated as excellent in 51% of @entity1 , marked in 36%, moderate in 11%, and minor in 2%. In @entity1 with essential @entity400 , symptomatic outcome was classified as excellent in 57% of @entity1 , marked in 36%, moderate in 5%, and minor in 2%. Six of the seven @entity1 with kinetic @entity400 achieved marked symptomatic improvement, and one @entity1 experienced moderate improvement. Forty @entity1 experienced stimulation-related side effects. Side effects were mild in general, and they were reversible with a change in electrical parameters. They occurred more frequently in @entity1 who had bilateral stimulation. CONCLUSION: Excellent to marked improvement of @entity400 is achieved in the majority of @entity1 with physiological target determination via implanted leads in thalamic deep brain stimulation. Interoperative test stimulation trials are unnecessary. Modifications in technique may help to reduce the costs of the related hospital stay.

title: Concepts and methods in chronic thalamic stimulation for treatment of XXXX : technique and application.

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['tremor', 'tremors']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity167 consumption is a leading risk factor for major illnesses, warning labels are still not being used. @entity167 consumption is related to positive and negative outcome expectancies, which both play a crucial role. This study compared the effectiveness of warning labels that contradicted positive outcome expectancies with health-related warning labels among a college-aged German sample (N   =   40). METHOD: Half of the @entity1 received health-related warning labels while half received positive-related warning labels. Implicit attitudes were assessed before and after warning-label exposure. Explicit attitudes and outcome expectancies were assessed after exposure. @entity1 ' usual drinking behavior was assessed before exposure to warning labels, and their drinking intentions were measured afterwards. RESULTS: @entity1 exposed to positive-related warning labels had marginally more negative implicit attitudes compared to their own prior attitudes. They tended to perceive lower social and higher negative outcome expectancies than the health-related warning labels group. Importantly, the positive-related warning labels group's drinking intentions tended to be lower than those of the health-related warning labels group. CONCLUSIONS: This first test of warning labels that contradict positive @entity167 outcome expectancies provided promising results; thus warning labels could be considered as means to influence college-aged @entity1 .

title: Changing outcome expectancies, drinking intentions, and implicit attitudes toward @entity167 : a comparison of positive expectancy-related and health-related XXXX warning labels.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Report of a case of @entity1897 caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. The @entity1 was seen in a referral practice. Corneal scraping was performed on a middle-aged female @entity1 presenting with @entity1897 and progressive nasal obstruction that revealed spores suggestive of @entity29690 . The @entity1 was started on topical @entity2379 0.15% eye drops. Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) examination showed presence of a polypoid lesion in the left nostril for which a polypectomy was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed @entity29690 . Complete resolution of the @entity1036 was observed. Topical @entity2379 is an effective drug in the management of this condition. @entity325 has not been described although occasional @entity1 with limbal and scleral involvement have been reported. Corneal scraping was effective in helping us make a tentative diagnosis.

title: @entity29690 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity29690 :: ('MESH:D012227', 'Disease') :: ['rhinosporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral keratitis']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Keratitis secondary to rhinosporidial infection']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral keratitis']


abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that the adrenergic receptors (ARs) play an important role in @entity299 . The expression of @entity37491 has been recently demonstrated in atria, however, its role in @entity13678 of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the role of @entity37491 in @entity13678 in @entity955 and to clarify its possible mechanisms. Twenty-eight @entity235 were randomly divided into sham, pacing, @entity37491 agonist ( @entity3047 ) and @entity37491 antagonist ( @entity20106 ) groups. @entity955 was induced by rapid atrial pacing at 600 beats per minute for 3 weeks and evaluated by determining the ultrastructure and function of atria. The expression of @entity37491 and @entity37492 (MAPK) was examined by western blot, immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. Additionally, the extent of oxidative stress was tested. We found the @entity66 in pacing group. Moreover, atrial interstitial @entity82 , apoptosis and oxidative stress were increased and the levels of @entity37491 and phosphorylated p38 MAPK were increased after pacing. Activation of @entity37491 exacerbated the pathologic changes and oxidative stress, which were effectively inhibited by @entity20106 . We concluded that @entity37491 was upregulated in paced atria, which contributed to oxidative stress and exacerbated @entity13678 by regulating p38 MAPK. Our study provides novel insights into the pharmacological role of @entity37491 in @entity955 .

title: Upregulation of b3-adrenergic receptors contributes to @entity13678 in rapid pacing induced @entity955 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atrial enlargement and dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['atrial structural remodeling']

entities_list: @entity37492 :: ('403856(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3109 is the standard medication used to treat @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ). The lengthy treatment with @entity3109 , its perceived hepatotoxicity, and the increasing influx of foreign-born @entity1 from countries with a higher prevalence of @entity3109 resistance have compromised this regimen. In 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommended 4 months of @entity1215 (4R) as an acceptable alternative regimen to 9 months of @entity3109 (9H). In a county chest clinic in northern New Jersey, a self-administered 9H regimen for @entity1 with @entity9178 was generally prescribed until the year 2002. After recognizing poor completion rates, @entity9178 treatment was shifted predominantly to the alternative 4R regimen. METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 placed on @entity9178 treatment during 2000 (predominantly a 9H regimen) and 2003 (predominantly a 4R regimen) were reviewed. A total of 474 @entity1 were included in the study. chi(2), Fishers exact, two-sample t, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The main outcome variable was treatment completion. RESULTS: A total of 80.5% of @entity1 receiving 4R and 53.1% receiving 9H completed treatment (p < 0.0001); 34.7% of @entity1 receiving 9H were unavailable for follow-up, compared to 12.6% receiving 4R (p = <0.0001). Fewer drug reactions were observed in the group receiving 4R compared to the group receiving 9H (3.1% vs 5.8%), although this was not statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis identified treatment regimen as a significant predictor for treatment completion (odds ratio [OR], 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3 to 8.1). Employment was negatively associated with treatment completion in the same model (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 receiving 4R were significantly more likely to complete therapy than those receiving 9H.

title: Enhancement of treatment completion for XXXX with 4 months of @entity1215 .

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoniazid', 'isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LTBI', 'latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

answer: @entity9178 :: (MESH:D055985,Disease) :: ['latent tuberculosis infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: We analyzed changes to the trends of @entity263 management and @entity1 characteristics at a single institute during 5 years due to the significant @entity263 incidence and the robotic equipment in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity263 @entity1 data from a single institute recorded from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed. @entity5 stage, initial treatment modalities, and the pattern of outpatient clinical management were reviewed. RESULTS: Between 2006 and 2010, 386 @entity263 were newly diagnosed at the institute. The proportion of localized and locally advanced @entity5 cases increased from 67% in 2006 to 79% in 2010 respectively. Among the treatment choices during follow-up in the out- @entity1 clinic, the proportion of radical prostatectomies increased from 43% in 2006 to 62% in 2010. In contrast, the proportion of hormone therapies decreased from 58% to 37%. For initial treatment choice, radical prostatectomy was chosen for 59% of the @entity1 who were newly diagnosed with @entity5 during the study period. However, hormone therapy alone was administrated as a primary therapy to 26%. Analysis of the radical prostatectomy subgroup showed that a robot- assisted technique was used in 83% of the @entity1 , and the remaining 17% underwent an open radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSION: As the @entity263 incidence increased in Korea, the proportion of localized and locally advanced @entity5 also increased. In addition, the main treatment modality changed from non-surgical treatment to radical prostatectomy.

title: The change of XXXX treatment in Korea: 5 year analysis of a single institution.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['increase of the prostate cancer', 'prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: A wide variety of markers are available to assess the function and pathology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This review describes some of these markers with special emphasis given to markers used in @entity235 and @entity468 . Small @entity1944 can be confirmed and localized by the measurement of serum concentrations of @entity1501 and @entity2186 . Fecal a1-proteinase inhibitor concentration can increase in individuals with @entity344 . A wide variety of inflammatory markers are available for a variety of species that can be used to assess the inflammatory activity of various types of inflammatory cells in the GI tract, although most of these markers assess @entity32 , such as neutrophil elastase, calprotectin, or S100A12. @entity41020 can serve as a marker of mast cell infiltration. Markers for lymphocytic or eosinophilic inflammation are currently under investigation. Exocrine pancreatic function can be assessed by measurement of serum concentrations of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) and trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI). Serum PLI concentration is increased in individuals with @entity788 and has been shown to be highly specific for exocrine pancreatic function and sensitive for @entity788 . Serum TLI concentration is severely decreased in individuals with exocrine @entity3210 .

title: Review of commonly used clinical pathology parameters for general XXXX with emphasis on small animals.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity41020 :: ('MESH:C048140', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methylhistamine']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['excessive GI protein loss']

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalamin']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Changes of @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) in @entity295 and its utility in predicting intensive care unit outcomes remains a conflicting issue. To investigate the changes in plasma levels of @entity3876 in @entity1 with severe @entity295 / @entity326 and to study the association of @entity3876 levels with the severity of the disease and prognosis of those @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with severe @entity295 or @entity326 were enrolled in our study. @entity3876 measurements and echocardiography were carried out on admission and on 4(th) and 7(th) days. Blood concentrations of @entity3876 were measured by commercially available assays (Abbott methods). In-hospital mortality and length of stay were recorded multivariate analyses adjusted for acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score II (APACHE II score) was used for mortality prediction. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 admitted with the diagnosis of severe @entity295 and 10 @entity1 with @entity326 . The in-hospital mortality was 23.3% (7 @entity1 ). Admission @entity3876 was significantly higher in the non-survivors 1123  236.08 versus 592.7  347.1 (P<0.001). By doing multivariate logestic regression, the predicatable variables for mortality was APACHE II score, @entity3876 , and then EF. CONCLUSION: @entity3876 concentrations were increased in @entity1 with severe @entity295 or @entity326 and poor outcome was associated with high @entity3876 levels; thus, it may serve as a useful laboratory marker to predict survival in these @entity1 .

title: Dynamics of brain natriuretic peptide in critically ill XXXX with severe @entity295 and @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity259 has increased globally, with a prominent increase in small, @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). The Korean population has a high @entity1496 intake, high prevalence of @entity817 @entity8554 mutations, and family histories of @entity259 . We examined the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of @entity259 in Korean @entity1 over four decades. METHODS: The medical records of 4500 @entity259 @entity1 , between 1962 and 2009 at a single center, including 3147 @entity3557 @entity1 , were reviewed. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 46.8  13.2 years; @entity1 accounted for 82.9% of the @entity1 , and the median follow-up duration was 4.8 years (mean 7.0  5.8 years, range 1-43 years). The number of @entity1 visiting the clinic increased from 411 during 1962-1990 to 2900 during 2000-2009. Age at diagnosis increased from 39.6  12.9 to 48.6  12.4 years. The male to female ratio increased from 1:6 to 1:4.5. The proportion of small (<1 cm) @entity5 increased from 6.1% to 43.1%, and the proportion of @entity5 with @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) involvement or extrathyroidal extension (ETE) decreased from 76.4% to 44.4% and from 65.5% to 54.8% respectively. Although there were decreases in the proportion of @entity1600 involvement and ETE, these decreasing rates were not proportional to the expected rates based on the decreased proportion of large @entity5 . The overall recurrence and mortality rates were 13.3% and 1.4%. The five-year recurrence rate significantly decreased (from 11% to 5.9%), and the five-year mortality also improved (from 1.5% to 0.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity259 has rapidly increased, with a decrease in @entity5 of large size, @entity1600 involvement, and ETE, although the decreasing rates of @entity1600 involvement and ETE were not as prominent as decreasing rates of large size @entity5 . The mortality and recurrence rates have also decreased. Future long-term follow-up of @entity1 diagnosed in the most recent decade is needed to confirm the prognostic characteristics of Korean @entity3557 @entity1 .

title: Changes in the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of XXXX in Korea over the past four decades.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancers', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid cancer', 'thyroid cancers', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 with 17 involved knees were surgically treated for @entity12351 between 1978 and 1993. Ten @entity1 with 13 involved knees followed up for a minimum of 2 years postoperatively composed the study group. Six @entity1 had both involved knees operatively treated. In four @entity1 , @entity12351 was associated with a recognizable syndrome. All @entity1 had fixed, painful @entity12351 that could not be reduced. The average age at presentation was 7 years and 9 months (range, 2 months to 15 years). All @entity1 underwent an extensive procedure including lateral release and advancement of the vastus medialis obliquus. Skeletally immature @entity1 underwent medial transfer of the entire patellar tendon. Skeletally mature @entity1 underwent medial transfer of the tibial tubercle. Ten @entity1 with 13 involved knees were followed up for > or = 2 years. Mean follow-up was 5.1 years (range, 1-17.5). At last follow-up, all @entity1 reported a marked increase in activity tolerance and relief of @entity158 . Average extension lag improved from 15 degrees before to 2 degrees after surgery. One superficial wound @entity281 occurred; no @entity1 developed a @entity281 . One peroneal neurapraxia occurred but resolved with observation. Redislocation of the patella occurred in the immediate postoperative period in one @entity1 . Operative treatment of @entity12351 can predictably improve knee function when all aspects of the complex pathologic anatomy are addressed.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep infection']

entities_list: @entity12351 :: ('MESH:C538081', 'Disease') :: ['lateral dislocation of the patella', 'congenital dislocation of the patella']

answer: @entity12351 :: (MESH:C538081,Disease) :: ['congenital dislocation of the patella']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: For most @entity1 with @entity135 (HN-SCC), @entity5 recurrence (TR) carries an extremely poor prognosis and is therapeutically challenging. OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical aspects of TR and their implication on the survival in @entity1 with HN-SCC. @entity1 AND METHOD: The clinical management and the outcome of 652 @entity1 with HN-SCC were reviewed. RESULTS: The overall incidence of TR in this series of HN-SCC was 19.9% (n=130). The most frequent locations of the primary @entity5 were oropharynx (32%), hypopharynx (24%), and oral cavity (21%). The rates of recurrence were locoregional 50%, local 43 % and stomal recurrence 7%. The appearance of a TR reduces the overall survival of @entity1 with HN-SCC to 15%. Survival is better in glottic (38%) and supraglottic (27%), @entity189 , and worse in oro-hypopharynx @entity5 (2-4%). CONCLUSIONS: RT are more frequent in @entity5 , especially locoregional recurrences. @entity1 with recurrence in pharynx were definitely associated with poor prognosis and in these cases salvage surgery seems not to improve survival rates.

title: [Tumour recurrence in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['squamous head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngeal tumours', 'cancers', 'tumours', 'locoregional tumour']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['squamous head and neck cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using frozen-thawed testicular sperm as well as the timing of @entity10523 ( @entity10523 ) in @entity1 with non-mosaic @entity252 . METHODS: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed in six of 17 (35%) @entity1 whose sperm was recovered by @entity10523 . Multiple biopsies of both testes were performed on the day of oocyte retrieval in all but one of the six @entity1 . RESULTS: Seven pregnancies and deliveries were achieved in five couples, and one couple was unsuccessful. Five pregnancies were achieved using fresh motile sperm, and two were achieved using frozen-thawed sperm. Sperm cryopreservation was not possible in one of the five couples because of the small number of recovered sperm, and possible in four other couples for subsequent ICSI. One @entity1 whose husband had @entity10523 performed prior to ovarian stimulation did not become pregnant. This may be due to the attainment of only a few immotile sperm following the frozen-thawed procedure. CONCLUSION: The outcome of ICSI using fresh or frozen-thawed testicular sperm in @entity1 with non-mosaic @entity252 was identical; however, @entity10523 should be performed on the day of oocyte retrieval until such time as a procedure with a higher sperm yield from @entity10523 is available. Moreover, an improved recovery procedure after cryopreservation-thawing of a single spermatozoon must be developed.

title: Seven pregnancies and deliveries from non-mosaic XXXX @entity1 using fresh and frozen testicular sperm.

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['TESE', 'testicular sperm extraction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ['Klinefelter syndrome']

answer: @entity252 :: (MESH:D007713,Disease) :: ['Klinefelter syndrome']


abstract: Endometrial expression of @entity2931 (ERa), @entity1420 (PR) and @entity398 receptor (OR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was evaluated from the induction of ovulation to luteolysis in @entity7857 . Ovarian activity was daily assessed by ultrasonography in five females. Ovulation was induced immediately after the detection of an ovulatory follicle by a @entity1176 injection (Day 0). Endometrial samples were obtained by transcervical biopsies from the left and right horns on day 0 and days 4, 8, 10 and 12 post- @entity1176 . Blood samples were collected daily for @entity1420 and @entity53 -17b determinations by RIA. An immunohistochemical technique was used to study receptors population and COX-2 expression which were then evaluated by two independent observers. The expression of ERa and PR was highest on day 0 in the luminal epithelium and stroma in association with high plasma @entity53 -17b concentrations. Thereafter, a decrease in ERa population was registered on day 4 and a new increase of its expression was observed between days 8 and 12 in those cell types. Conversely, PR population was gradually down-regulated until its lowest expression was reached on day 10 post- @entity1176 in the luminal epithelium. Content of OR was similar throughout the study in all cell types. The expression of COX-2 was highest from day 8 to 12 post- @entity1176 in the luminal epithelium, in relation to the time of maximal PGF2a release. Both @entity134 receptors populations and COX-2 expression were similar between horns. Meanwhile, OR expression was higher in the right than in the left uterine horn. In summary, this study showed that the loss of endometrium sensitivity to @entity1420 by days 8-10 post-induction of ovulation and the concomitant increase of COX-2 expression could play a key role in the mechanism of luteolysis and somehow be related to the short corpus luteum lifespan of @entity7857 .

title: @entity2931 , @entity1420 and XXXX receptors and COX-2 expression in endometrial biopsy samples from the induction of ovulation to luteolysis in @entity7857 ( @entity7857 ).

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Generic prescription drugs are bioequivalent to brand-name versions but may not have consistent color or shape, which can cause @entity911 and lead to interruptions in medication use. We sought to determine whether switching among different-appearing @entity734 ( @entity734 ) is associated with increased rates of medication nonpersistence, which can have serious medical, financial, and social consequences. METHODS: We designed a nested case-control study of commercially insured @entity1 in the United States who initiated an AED. Cases were @entity1 who became nonpersistent, defined as failure to fill a prescription within 5 days of the elapsed days supplied. Controls had no delay in refilling and were matched by sex, age, number of refills, and the presence of a @entity410 disorder diagnosis. We evaluated the 2 refills preceding nonpersistence and determined whether pill color and/or shape matched ("concordant") or did not match ("discordant"). We compared the odds of discordance among cases and controls using multivariate conditional logistic regression, adjusting for baseline characteristics, and drug type. We repeated our analysis among @entity1 with a @entity410 diagnosis. RESULTS: The @entity734 dispensed had 37 colors and 4 shapes. A total of 11,472 @entity1 with nonpersistence were linked to 50,050 controls. Color discordance preceded 136 cases (1.20%) but only 480 controls (0.97%) (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.27 [95% CI, 1.04-1.55]). Shape discordance preceded 18 cases (0.16%) and 54 controls (0.11%) (OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 0.85-2.54]). Within the @entity410 disorder diagnosis subgroup, the risk of nonpersistence after changes in pill color was also significantly elevated (OR, 1.53 [95%, CI 1.07-2.18]). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in pill color significantly increase the odds of nonpersistence; this may have important clinical implications. Our study supports a reconsideration of current regulatory policy that permits wide variation in the appearance of bioequivalent drugs.

title: Variations in pill appearance of XXXX and the risk of nonadherence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['antiepileptic drugs']


abstract: @entity2438 is a chronic @entity245 of unknown cause that affects approximately 1-3 percent of @entity1 and four times more @entity1 than @entity1 . Its prevalence is global and its social impact is devastating. In @entity2438 , the brain is unable to process sensory information normally. Instead, simple stimuli from the outside world are experienced as overwhelmingly intense and strain the emotional centers of the brain. A stress response to the incoming information is initiated that destabilizes cognitive networks and short-circuits adequate behavioral output. As a result, the @entity1 is unable to respond adequately to stimulation and initiate social behavior towards family, friends, and peers. In addition, these @entity1 typically face immune-digestive disorders that heighten social fears, @entity148 , and internal conflicts. While it is critical to treat the physical symptoms, it is equally vital to offer an evidence-based holistic solution that harmonizes both their emotional and physical well-being as they move from childhood into adult life. Here, we summarize evidence from clinical studies and neuroscience research that suggests that an approach built on yogic principles and meditative tools is worth pursuing. Desired outcomes include relief of clinical symptoms of the disease, greater relaxation, and facilitated expression of feelings and skills, as well as improved family and social quality of life.

title: Meditation as a potential therapy for XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxieties']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'Autism']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorder']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: To estimate the 15-year survival following a diagnosis of @entity0 among @entity1 who carry a @entity5345 mutation and to determine predictors of mortality, including the use of chemotherapy. @entity1 were 379 @entity1 with @entity0 for whom a @entity5345 mutation had been identified, in herself or in a close family member. @entity1 were followed for up to 15 years from the initial diagnosis of @entity0 . Survival rates were estimated for @entity1 by age, @entity5 size ( <= 1 cm; > 1 cm), ER status (  ), and by chemotherapy (yes/no). 42 @entity1 died of @entity0 in the follow-up period (11.2 %). Survival rates were similar for @entity1 with @entity5 of size 0-1.0 cm and size 1.1-2.0 cm. Of the 267 @entity1 in the study who used chemotherapy, 21 had died (7.9 %) compared to 21 @entity204 among 112 @entity1 who did not receive chemotherapy (18.8 %; p = 0.002). The 15-year survival was 89.4 % for @entity1 who received chemotherapy and was 73.1 % for @entity1 who did not receive chemotherapy (p = 0.08; log rank). The adjusted hazard ratio for @entity204 following a diagnosis of @entity0 associated with chemotherapy was 0.53 (95 % CI 0.28-1.07; p value 0.06) after adjusting for age of diagnosis, @entity5 size, and @entity172 receptor status. This was statistically significant only among @entity1 with ER-negative @entity0 (HR = 0.28; 95 % CI 0.10-0.79; p = 0.02). @entity5345 positive @entity1 who are treated for @entity0 with chemotherapy have better survival than those who do not receive chemotherapy. The difference cannot be explained by other prognostic factors. All @entity1 with @entity0 and a @entity5345 mutation should be considered to be candidates for chemotherapy.

title: Should all @entity5345 mutation carriers with XXXX receive chemotherapy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage I breast cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['stage I breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To understand rates of procedure failure among @entity1 undergoing revascularization for @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis of @entity1 with @entity3657 who underwent a @entity3657 -related procedure used claims and electronic medical record data from 2005 to 2009. Procedures were grouped by type (endovascular [ie, angioplasty with/without stent, atherectomy] or surgical [ie, bypass surgery, endarterectomy, thrombectomy]) and site (ie, iliac, infrainguinal). The study assessed antiplatelet and anticoagulant agent use; procedure failure, defined as a subsequent procedure or amputation; and predictors of time to procedure failure. RESULTS: A sample of 248 @entity1 with @entity3657 who underwent a @entity3657 -related procedure was identified. The population was 59% male, had a mean age of 73 years, and had a mean follow-up of 23 months. Endovascular procedures alone were performed in 37% of @entity1 , with the remainder receiving surgery only or surgery with an endovascular procedure, and 79% of @entity1 had an infrainguinal intervention. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant use rates after the procedure were 90% and 25%, respectively. After their initial procedure, 20% of @entity1 required a second procedure or amputation, with an average failure time of 228 days. @entity1 treated with infrainguinal procedures had a significantly higher failure rate versus those treated with iliac procedures (23% vs 8%; P = .011). In multivariate analysis, patients without anticoagulant use before the procedure were at significantly lower failure risk (P = .022). CONCLUSIONS: Repeated intervention and/or major amputation after revascularization of @entity3657 was common. Further investigation of the factors associated with procedure failure is warranted.

title: Failure of surgical and endovascular infrainguinal and iliac procedures in the management of XXXX using data from electronic medical records.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the results of triple therapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT) ( @entity4906 combined with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) and sub-tenon injection of @entity2995 (STTA)) for the treatment of @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: This retrospective case series included 38 eyes of 38 @entity1 with exudative @entity1020 treated with PDT combined with IVB (1.25 mg) and STTA (40 mg). Retreatment was performed in the same manner with intervals of at least 3 months. All @entity1 had been treatment na  ve, with a follow-up period of 12 months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular retinal thickness (MRT) on optical coherence tomography, and the number of treatments were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA in @entity1 treated with PDT triple therapy was 0.86    0.55 at baseline and 0.62    0.55 at 12 months (p < 0.001). The mean MRT was 554.0    202.6  m at baseline and 205.1    78.6  m at 12 months (p < 0.001). During the 1-year follow-up, the average number of PDT triple therapy (treatments per @entity1 ) was 1.1. No complications, for example increase in intraocular pressure, @entity231 , or @entity3225 , were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1020 @entity1 , PDT triple therapy significantly improved visual acuity with a minimum number of treatments and a low risk of complications during the 1-year follow-up.

title: Photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal bevacizumab and sub-tenon XXXX injections for @entity1020 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']