abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between selected symptoms of @entity712 ( @entity583 , plasma @entity165 level) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the @entity10131 and @entity6510 genes. METHODS: A case - control study involving 155 @entity1 with @entity712 and 169 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. We detected SNPs @entity64809 ( @entity36597 ) in the @entity10131 and @entity34405 ( @entity29133 ) in the @entity6510 genes using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction analysis. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between @entity1 and controls as well as between @entity1 with and without @entity583 . RESULTS: No significant differences in genotype or allelic frequencies between @entity1 and controls were found (P > 0.05). Carriers of the @entity10131 A allele had a 2.37-fold increase in the risk of @entity583 (odds ratio 2.37, 95% confidence interval 1.36-6.93, P = 0.01). Homozygous carriers of genotype AA of @entity6510 SNP 1359 had significantly higher plasma @entity165 levels than carriers of GG and GA genotypes in @entity1 (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The study results suggest a role for allele A of the @entity10131 385 variant as a risk factor for @entity583 . Genotype AA of @entity6510 1359 variant probably affects plasma @entity165 levels. Pharmacological intervention in this system could modify the therapeutic approach to certain @entity65 .

title: Association of polymorphisms in the endocannabinoid system genes with @entity583 and plasma XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The systemic and local tissue repair responses of radiation in combination with surgery are still unclear. We have studied the effect of fractionated pre-operative radiotherapy with or without subsequent laparotomy on collagen accumulation using a rodent model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two male @entity35 were divided into four groups (eight @entity35 per group): 1) sham radiation and sham laparotomy (control); 2) sham radiation and laparotomy; 3) radiation and sham laparotomy; and 4) radiation followed by laparotomy. Expanded @entity736 (ePTFE) tubes were implanted subcutaneously in the abdominal wall in the radiotherapy field and on the back outside the radiotherapy field day 0. The abdomen (3 cm x 4 cm) was irradiated day 3 (10 Gy) and again day 7 (10 Gy). On day 10, implants were extirpated, laparotomy undertaken in groups 2 and 4 and new ePTFE tubes implanted subcutaneously. The second implants were extirpated on day 20. Implants were analyzed for @entity720 , total protein and @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ) levels. RESULTS: On day 10, @entity720 (P < 0.05) and @entity1810 (P < 0.001) were lower in ePTFE tubes in irradiated compared with non-irradiated @entity35 . On day 20, the abdominal ePTFE @entity720 remained low (P < 0.001) in animals subjected to laparotomy and pre-operative irradiation while @entity720 levels of @entity35 subjected to irradiation only were similar to controls. The effects of radiation on @entity720 were confined to the irradiated abdominal area. There was a positive correlation between @entity720 and @entity1810 levels in the abdominal wall implant day 20 (r = 0.53, P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: A clinically relevant fractionated radiation scheme reduced subcutaneous collagen accumulation pre-operatively and profoundly within the radiation field post-operatively after laparotomy, possibly because of lowered @entity1810 levels.

title: Combination of pre-operative radiotherapy and surgery suppresses local accumulation of collagen and @entity1810 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor-beta1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study was carried out to assess the efficacy and safety of 0.025% and 0.05% @entity24174 eye drops twice daily administered for 14 days to @entity1 with @entity56 or @entity7370 . A total of 278 @entity1 were recruited and 226 @entity1 were evaluable for per protocol analysis. The target parameter was the response rate. Four eye symptoms, including the main symptom (itching) were recorded by @entity1 in diaries and eight symptoms were assessed by physicians before and after seven and 14 days of treatment. Severity of symptoms was measured on a four-point scale. The response rates for itching (improvement of at least one score point within the first three days) according to @entity1 assessment were 43% for placebo, 52% for 0.025% and 56% for 0.05% @entity24174 (NS). However, a more objective assessment of the three @entity2194 by physicians showed a concentration-dependent improvement in response rate compared with placebo (a decrease of > or = 3 points from a baseline total score of > or = 6), which reached statistical significance for 0.05% @entity24174 on Day 7 (p < 0.002). In the evaluable @entity1 population, the scores of the three @entity2194 as well as of all eight recorded eye symptoms, as assessed by the physician, were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the 0.05% @entity24174 eye drops group in comparison with the placebo group at Day 7. Inefficacy was the cause of withdrawal in five and three @entity1 on 0.025% and 0.05% @entity24174 , respectively, and in six @entity1 on placebo. Adverse drug effects, mainly a mild, transient @entity146 and a bitter or unpleasant taste, were reported by 14% (0.025%), 20% (0.05%) and 15% (placebo) of the @entity1 . No serious side-effects occurred. @entity24174 eye drops are effective and well tolerated at a concentration of 0.05% for the treatment of @entity56 .

title: Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study of two concentrations of @entity24174 eye @entity56 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['main eye symptoms']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity24174 :: ('MESH:C020976', 'Chemical') :: ['azelastine', 'Azelastine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity7370 :: (OMIM:613207,Disease) :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']


abstract: We previously reported that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) increases amylase release in isolated pancreatic acini through natriuretic peptide receptor C activation and enhances pancreatic exocrine secretion via vagal pathways when applied to the brain. In the present study we sought to establish whether CNP was involved in the peripheral regulation of pancreatic secretion. Anesthetized @entity35 were prepared with pancreatic duct cannulation, pyloric ligation and bile diversion into the duodenum. CNP dose-dependently enhanced pancreatic flow, @entity2865 and protein excretion but did not modify @entity3157 output. A selective natriuretic peptide receptor C agonist enhanced pancreatic flow and mimicked CNP-evoked protein output but failed to modify @entity2865 secretion. Truncal vagotomy, perivagal application of @entity2951 and @entity4033 reduced CNP-evoked pancreatic flow and abolished @entity2865 excretion but did not affect protein output. Furthermore, pre-treatment with @entity3897 reduced both CNP-stimulated pancreatic flow and @entity2865 excretion but failed to modify protein excretion. Partial muscarinic blockade of CNP-evoked @entity2865 output suggested that mediators other than @entity934 were involved. However, CNP response was unaltered by @entity8586 and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor blockade or by @entity842 synthase inhibition. In conclusion, CNP-stimulated pancreatic flow through the activation of the natriuretic peptide receptor C and the vago-vagal reflex but it increased protein output only by natriuretic peptide receptor C activation and @entity2865 excretion by vago-vagal reflexes. Present results suggest that CNP may play a role as a local regulator of the exocrine pancreas.

title: C-type natriuretic peptide stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion in the XXXX : role of vagal afferent and efferent pathways.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We examined the acute effects of a @entity460 antagonist, @entity3360 , on hemodynamics and blood flow in the @entity301 ( @entity301 ), @entity8 of essential @entity101 @entity1 who had complained of @entity662 and undergone cardiac catheterization. The blood flow velocities of the @entity301 , @entity8 were measured using a Doppler guidewire and the arterial luminal diameters were measured from the arteriograms. The arterial blood flow was calculated by multiplying the blood flow velocity by the obtained vessel diameter. Coronary flow reserve was evaluated by injecting @entity3302 into the left coronary artery. After the baseline data had been obtained, intravenous infusion of @entity3360 was started and the same hemodynamic, blood flow velocity and arterial diameter measurements were repeated. Blood pressure was decreased and cardiac output was increased by @entity3360 infusion. There was a correlation between the decrease in systolic blood pressure and the increase in cardiac output (r = 0.71). The blood flow velocity in the @entity301 , @entity8 tended to increase and there was an increase in the arterial luminal diameter. An increase in blood flow and a lowering of vascular resistance were observed for each artery (p < 0.05). During @entity3360 infusion, the diastolic blood flow in the @entity301 artery was improved (p < 0.05); however, the maximal blood flow in the @entity301 artery induced by @entity3302 infusion remained unchanged. Therefore, there is evidence that @entity8 are improved by @entity3360 infusion despite the acute blood pressure reduction.

title: Effects of @entity3360 on coronary, vertebral and renal arterial flows in XXXX with essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral and renal arteries', 'coronary, vertebral and renal blood flows']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior descending coronary', 'LAD']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To qualitatively and quantitatively compare the diagnostic performance of rs-EPI (readout segmented echo planar imaging) and reduced FOV (field-of-view) EPI in @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity0 at 3T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between November 2013 and July 2014, 96 @entity1 (age range, 30-75 years: mean, 52 years) with @entity0 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. In all @entity1 , rs-EPI and rFOV EPI were performed using a 3T MR scanner. Differences between two sequences were compared quantitatively by measuring the @entity5 apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Two independent readers visually assessed overall image quality, lesion conspicuity, and reader preference. The regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn in the whole @entity5 and in the normal breast parenchyma. Comparisons of quantitative and qualitative parameters between two sequences were performed using the Mann-Whitney and the paired t-test. RESULTS: SNR was significantly higher in rFOV EPI than in rs-EPI (51.88        27.68 vs. 76.46        50.20, P < 0.001). Mean @entity5 ADC value and normal tissue ADC were significantly lower in rFOV EPI (P < 0.001). @entity5 mean and minimum ADCs of rFOV EPI were significantly lower than those of rs-EPI (P < 0.001 for both). However, normalized ADC did not show a significant difference between the two sequences (P   =   0.737). Lesion conspicuity and overall image quality of rFOV EPI were significantly higher than those of rs-EPI for both readers (P   =   0.025 and < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In @entity0 , rFOV EPI provided significantly higher image quality, lesion conspicuity, and SNR than rs-EPI.

title: Comparison of readout segmented echo planar imaging (EPI) and EPI with reduced field-of-VIew diffusion-weighted imaging at 3t in XXXX with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Absolute tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incidence of @entity356 following cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) is not widely reported. METHODS: Suitable @entity1 were identified from our database of 1028 procedures. Relevant information was then gathered via medical records and operation reports for these @entity1 . RESULTS: Six @entity1 suffered early postoperative @entity356 following the procedure (0.58%), all of whom received heated intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Surgical exploration revealed protrusion of nasogastric (NG) tube through stomach wall defects which were either located at or near the greater curvature of stomach. These @entity1 were managed successfully with operation, and no mortality was recorded. CONCLUSIONS: @entity356 following CRS and @entity7730 is most likely the result of a multifactorial process. To reduce the risk of such complication, avoiding nasogastric suction in these @entity1 may prove helpful. Any suspected perforated viscus must be addressed promptly to avoid unwanted morbidity and mortality from the procedure. To our knowledge, conservative management has not been documented to work in this subgroup and surgery remains the mainstay of treatment.

title: XXXX following cytoreductive surgery and @entity7730 : a case series of six.

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric perforation', 'gastric perforation']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['PIC', 'perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric perforation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2953 are the most often registered communicable diseases in a great number of countries. The aim of this study was to analyze dynamics and distribution of @entity2954 , syphilis and @entity1908 in Vojvodina region during the last twenty years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Epidemiological characteristics of @entity2954 , syphilis and @entity1908 were analyzed on the basis of data obtained from the Section of Epidemiology of the Institute of Public Health in Novi Sad. The research included the period between 1980 and 1999, with sex and age distribution of @entity1 . Morbidity rates were given per number of inhabitants of Vojvodina. RESULTS: In the period between 1980-1999 there were 454 registered @entity1 with the diagnosis of syphilis in Vojvodina. The morbidity ratio was highest in 1980 (3.41/100.000), and lowest in 1991 (0.24/100.000). In the twenty-year period there were more @entity1 with @entity2954 , than @entity1 with syphilis. There were 44.621 registered @entity1 with @entity2954 . The maximum morbidity ratio was in 1980 (25.09/100.000), but the minimum was in 1998 (1.68/100.000). Within the examined period @entity1908 was recorded in 56.490 @entity1 . The highest morbidity ratio was in 1984 (232.37/100.000) and the lowest was in 1992 (73.56/100.000). DISCUSSION: The average morbidity ratio of syphilis in USA, between 1992-1994, was 11.8/100.000 and at the same time in Vojvodina it was only 0.42/100.000. In Vojvodina most @entity1 with this disease were 20-39 years old. In the same period in USA the ratio of @entity2954 @entity1 was 309/100.000 and in Vojvodina it was 2/100.000. In this group also, most @entity1 were 20-39 years old. However, @entity1908 mostly appeared at the age of 7-14. CONCLUSION: According to the obtained results, the number of registered @entity1 with these three diseases in Vojvodina stagnates or it decreases. In order to deal with real data, it is necessary to report these diseases regularly.

title: [Occurrence of XXXX in Vojvodina during the last 20 years].

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['Sexually transmitted diseases']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7292 Background: Prior studies have shown that the @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) is expressed on @entity2 cells suggesting that an @entity2902 targeted therapy may have a role in the management of @entity1149 . Denileukin diftitox, ONTAK  , is a chimeric protein that targets the cytocidal properties of diphtheria toxin to cells that express @entity2902 and is approved for the treatment of @entity784 . In this study, we evaluate the potential benefit of ONTAK in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: This multi-center phase II clinical trial is open for enrollment of @entity1 with ECOG PS 0-2 and Stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 who have failed at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. ONTAK is infused at 9  g/kg on Day 1 of Cycle 1 only followed by 18  g/kg/day Day 2-5 then every 21 days for a total of 6 cycles. Radiographic evaluation of @entity5 response is performed every 2 cycles. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 have enrolled so far. There are 11 male and 9 female with a median age of 53 years (range 21-80). The mean number of prior treatment regimens is 2 (range 1-5). @entity1 received a mean of 3 (range 1-6) ONTAK cycles. There were no Grade 4 @entity137 . Treatment-related Grade 3 @entity137 included @entity390 (3), emesis (2), fever (2), fatigue (2), dehydration (2), @entity4 (1), itching (1), @entity158 at @entity5 site (1), flu-like symptoms (1), and @entity10 (1). Symptomatic @entity2478 and treatment-related @entity204 were not encountered. No @entity1 was withdrawn due to treatment-related @entity137 . Of the 20 @entity1 enrolled, 4 are too early to evaluate for disease response, 2 had unconfirmed partial response using the RECIST criteria, 6 had stable disease, 7 had progressive disease, and 1 was not evaluable. The median time to disease progression for all evaluable @entity1 was 1.8 months (9 days-13 months) and the median overall survival was 4.3 months (2.7 weeks-15.5 months). CONCLUSION: Interim analysis of the first 20 @entity1 enrolled in this trial suggests that ONTAK has promising activity and a favorable safety profile in the management of previously treated advanced @entity1149 . Further evaluation of the role of ONTAK in @entity1149 is ongoing. [Table: see text].

title: A phase II trial of denileukin difititox-in previously treated, advanced XXXX ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary leak syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2902 :: ('3559', 'Gene') :: ['IL-2r', 'interleukin-2 receptor']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of 10 @entity468 with epitheliotropic intestinal @entity706 (EIL) are described. Intestinal biopsy samples were reviewed by 3 pathologists to confirm the diagnosis of EIL. These samples (n = 10) were compared to the intestinal biopsies of normal @entity468 (n = 11), @entity468 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ; n = 7), and @entity468 with non-EIL (n = 9) for quantification and immunophenotyping of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Immunophenotypic studies were performed with CD3 and @entity66739 antibody stains to assess for T- and B-cell immunoreactivity, respectively. EIL biopsies had markedly more intraepithelial lymphocytes than normal intestine (NRL) and samples from @entity468 with @entity29 . However, no marked difference was observed in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in @entity468 with non-EIL compared to @entity468 with EIL. Regardless of the histologic diagnosis, the intraepithelial lymphocytes in all @entity468 were small- to intermediate-sized T cells. Clinical findings and imaging studies in the @entity468 identified minimal or nonspecific findings in affected @entity468 . Most @entity468 fit the typical profile of @entity468 with @entity29 or alimentary @entity706 . Nine of 10 @entity468 with EIL were treated with @entity229 with or without additional chemotherapy. Four @entity468 were refractory to chemotherapy and were euthanized within 3.5 months. The remaining 5 @entity468 had long-term survival times of 11 months or greater. The median survival time was 11 months. Additional studies are warranted to better characterize EIL and its relationship to @entity29 in @entity468 and non-EIL and to identify optimal treatment strategies for this disease.

title: Feline epitheliotropic intestinal XXXX : 10 cases (1997-2000).

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity22337 ( @entity22337 ) immune system has recently been under scrutiny because of the emergence of a contagious @entity5 , which has decimated devil numbers. Here we provide a comprehensive description of the @entity22337 immunoglobulin @entity13974 regions. We show that heavy chain @entity13974 (VH) and light chain @entity13974 ( @entity13974 ) repertoires are similar to those described in other marsupial taxa: @entity13974 diversity is high, but VH diversity is restricted and belongs only to clan III. As in other mammals, one VH and one V   germline family and multiple incomplete Vk germline sequences were identified in the genome. High Vk variation was observed in transcripts and we predict that it may have arisen by gene conversion and/or somatic mutations, as it does not appear to have originated from germline variation. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that devil @entity13974 gene segments are highly complex and ancient, with some lineages predating the separation of marsupials and eutherians. These results indicate that although the evolutionary history of immune genes lead to the expansions and contractions of immune gene families between different @entity1 lineages, some of the ancestral immune gene variants are still maintained in extant species. A high degree of similarity was found between devil and other marsupial VH segments, demonstrating that they originated from a common clade of closely related sequences. The @entity13974 families had a higher variation than VH both between and within species. We suggest that, similar to other studied marsupial species, the complex @entity13974 segment repertoire compensates for the limited VH diversity in @entity22337 .

title: Characterization of antibody V segment diversity in the XXXX ( @entity22337 ).

entities_list: @entity22337 :: ('9305', 'Species') :: ['Tasmanian devils', 'Sarcophilus harrisii', 'Tasmanian devil']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity22337 :: (9305,Species) :: ['Tasmanian devil']


abstract: Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) have played a major role in the evaluation of @entity1 undergoing catheter balloon treatment of @entity4794 . Doppler/2DE has made possible an understanding of the mechanism of @entity340 . Before the procedure, Doppler/2DE provides a reasonable estimate of the severity of the @entity849 and associated @entity299 . The evaluation of mitral valve morphology by 2DE before catheter balloon treatment has shown that @entity1 with excellent leaflet motion and minimal increase in valve thickness have the greatest increase in mitral valve area. During the procedure, Doppler/2DE can aid in the transseptal puncture, in positioning the balloons across the stenotic orifice, and in the immediate assessment of changes in valve function and complications. The estimate of the aortic and mitral valve gradients and areas by Doppler/2DE before catheter balloon treatment shows a reasonable correlation with hemodynamic measurements. Immediately after the procedure, the Doppler/2DE estimates of aortic valve gradient and area show a fair correlation with data from cardiac catheterization, provided care is taken to avoid technical problems. Doppler/2DE assessment of mitral valve area immediately after catheter balloon commissurotomy (CBC) shows a poor correlation with catheterization data, which has been attributed to rapid changes in left atrial compliance and gradient. However, the correlation of Doppler estimates of mitral valve area with catheterization data improves at 3 months after CBC. Serial evaluations of @entity1 after aortic or mitral catheter balloon dilatation should permit detection of restenosis and @entity338 and assessment of ventricular function and may provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of restenosis and changing clinical status.

title: The role of echocardiography/Doppler in catheter balloon treatment of adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['valvular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['aortic and mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['increase in valve area']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['aortic and mitral stenosis']


abstract: AIMS: @entity121 or @entity16 has been associated with @entity16332 / @entity14278 therapy in @entity1956 @entity1 . We aim to describe the pathological changes of @entity16332 / @entity14278 -associated @entity9918 . METHODS: We retrospectively recruited six @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity377 analogues-associated @entity121 or @entity16 . Muscle and nerve biopsy were performed, and the specimens were prepared for the light microscopy and electron microscopy. Genomic DNA was extracted from frozen muscle specimens, and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content was quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Recovery of the @entity121 can be achieved after the discontinuation or changing the drugs to @entity17705 . Muscle and nerve biopsy revealed similar changes under either the light or electronic microscopy in all the subjects. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed decrease of mtDNA content in the affected muscle. CONCLUSIONS: MtDNA depletion results in @entity2383 in the @entity16332 / @entity14278 -associated @entity9918 . @entity121 was characterised by @entity2383 accompanied with @entity16 due to @entity16 . Ultrastructure changes of mitochondria included vacuolisation, simplification of the cristae and homogenised matrix.

title: XXXX / @entity14278 -associated @entity9918 : @entity16 , @entity2383 and mitochondrial DNA depletion.

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity9918 :: ('MESH:C566617', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['axonal neuropathy', 'neuropathy', 'neurogenic damage']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity14278 :: ('MESH:C487779', 'Chemical') :: ['telbivudine']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Myopathy', 'myopathy']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity16332 :: (MESH:D019259,Chemical) :: ['Lamivudine']


abstract: We examined whether the ratio of @entity701 ( @entity43010 ) to high-sensitivity @entity1851 (hsCRP), an index that captures the integrity of homeostatic regulation between the @entity2339 and inflammatory processes, is associated with vulnerability to @entity308 in a gender specific manner and whether @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) sensitivity plays a role in these associations. Fasting blood samples were collected between 08:45 and 09:15 and assayed for @entity43010 , hsCRP, and leukocyte count in 213 healthy, medication-free @entity1 and @entity1 . The NEO-Personality Inventory was used to assess @entity663 , extraversion and @entity148 . We used the Hamilton Depression Interview to assess @entity308 , the Buss-Perry anger subscale to measure anger, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to evaluate subjective @entity25 and its components. Log-transformed @entity43010 /CRP values were analyzed using multiple regression with Holms' adjusted p-values and age, body mass index (BMI), and race as covariates. @entity4738 sensitivity was estimated using the log-transformed ratio of neutrophils (N)-to-monocytes (M). The log-transformed ratio of @entity43010 /CRP did not differ between @entity1 and @entity1 but was significantly and negatively associated with age and BMI. Severity of @entity308 , extraversion, @entity148 , and @entity25 were associated with the @entity43010 /CRP ratio in a gender-specific manner. For @entity1 , decreasing @entity43010 /CRP ratios, suggestive of an insufficient release of @entity43010 coupled with a heightened inflammatory state, were associated with increasing severity of @entity308 , decreasing quality of sleep, increasing frequency of @entity25 , and decreasing extraversion. For @entity1 , increasing frequency of daytime disturbance and levels of @entity148 were associated with increasing @entity43010 /CRP ratio, suggestive of an enhanced release of @entity43010 relative to attenuated levels of hsCRP. For both genders, increasing anger was associated with decreasing @entity43010 /CRP ratios. Although results suggested @entity4738 downregulation in @entity1 but not @entity1 , such differences did not mediate the observed associations. With the use of the @entity43010 /CRP ratio, we showed that vulnerability factors for @entity308 are associated with a loss of normal regulatory controls resulting in gender-specific patterns of @entity10469 . That @entity4738 downregulation did not influence these associations suggests that the loss of regulatory controls in at risk individuals is primarily at the level of the hormone. Beyond the individual contribution of each component of the @entity43010 /CRP ratio, disruption of normal neuroimmune regulatory feedback provides a plausible biological framework useful in understanding biobehavioral vulnerabilities to @entity308 in a gender specific manner. The @entity43010 /CRP ratio may be a viable biomarker not only for delineating risk for @entity4696 but also progression and treatment responses among @entity1 with @entity4696 ; possibilities that are testable in future studies.

title: Depressogenic vulnerability and gender-specific patterns of XXXX : What the ratio of @entity701 to @entity1851 can tell us about loss of normal regulatory control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity10469 :: ('MESH:D020274', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-immune dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality', 'sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity10469 :: (MESH:D020274,Disease) :: ['neuro-immune dysregulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a common symptom with numerous causes. Severe @entity1295 is thought to be an important manifestation of post-treatment @entity3001 (PTLDS). The frequency with which severe @entity1295 occurs as a long-term sequela in prospectively followed @entity3001 @entity1 , however, is unknown. METHODS: @entity1 with culture-confirmed @entity3001 who originally presented with @entity8831 have been evaluated annually in a prospective study to determine their long-term outcome. In 2011-2013, subjects were evaluated for @entity1295 using an 11 item @entity1295 severity scale (FSS-11) that has been used in studies of PTLDS. A FSS-11 score of >4.0 is indicative of severe @entity1295 . RESULTS: 100 subjects were assessed, 52% of whom were male; the mean age was 64.9 years (range 42-86 years). The mean duration of follow-up was 15.4 years (range 11-20 years). Nine subjects had severe @entity1295 but none as a consequence of @entity3001 . Only 3 subjects were thought to possibly have persistent @entity1295 from @entity3001 . The FSS-11 value for these 3 individuals was under 4, averaging 2.27, and none had functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity1295 was found in 9 (9%) @entity1 with culture-confirmed early @entity3001 at 11 to 20 years after presentation, but was due to causes other than @entity3001 . Fatigue of lesser severity was possibly attributable to @entity3001 , but was found in only 3% of 100 @entity1 , and therefore is rarely a long-term complication of this infection.

title: Long-Term Assessment of Fatigue in XXXX with Culture-Confirmed Lyme Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease', 'Lyme disease syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1 placental GH ( @entity9091 ) is a variant of pituitary hGH ( @entity2124 ) synthesized and secreted by syncytiotrophoblasts during pregnancy. It differs from @entity9091 by only 13 @entity535 residues, which makes difficult a specific measurement of @entity9091 without interference from @entity2124 . To overcome the analytical difficulties, we produced new high affinity monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity9091 . Precise screening and epitope mapping allowed identification of a pair of monoclonal antibodies suitable to establish a highly sensitive assay for @entity9091 measurement. In a prospective, longitudinal study involving 84 normal pregnancies, we measured maternal concentrations of @entity9091 , leptin, @entity442 , and cord blood @entity442 . @entity9091 was detectable as early as gestational week (GW) 7. Mean concentrations of @entity9091 increased from 0.9 +/- 0.5 microg/liter (GW 7-13) to 2.8 +/- 0.9 microg/liter (GW 18-22), 7.3 +/- 2.6 microg/liter (GW 28-32), and 13.0 +/- 9.6 (GW 37-41). A negative correlation was found between prepregnancy body mass index and @entity9091 concentrations from GW 28 onward. Peak @entity9091 levels occurred at wk 36.5 +/- 2.6 and were significantly lower in @entity28 (P = 0.029) and higher in underweight (P = 0.035) mothers compared with those in mothers of normal weight. The increase in @entity9091 between GW 18-22 and GW 28-32 was negatively correlated to the increase in maternal leptin during this period (P = 0.027). Maternal @entity442 concentrations were correlated to those of @entity9091 from GW 18 onward (P = 0.039). The strongest correlation was found at GW 28-32 (P = 0.001). Furthermore, maternal @entity9091 concentrations in late pregnancy correlated with cord blood @entity442 (P = 0.025) and size of the newborn (P = 0.017). These results, obtained by a new, highly sensitive @entity9091 -specific immunoassay, highlight the importance of maternal @entity9091 in the regulation of maternal and fetal @entity442 . In addition, the results indicate that maternal weight has a major impact on circulating concentrations of @entity9091 .

title: A new nonisotopic, highly sensitive assay for the measurement of XXXX placental growth hormone: development and clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have proven efficacy in @entity1 with @entity1582 responding well to induction therapy. For those who fail to achieve a stable partial response (PR), the effect of ASCT is unclear. We report on 126 @entity1 identified from a national database, who underwent ASCT having achieved <PR after induction with modern induction regimens. The overall response rate was 86% (24% complete response). @entity1 with progressive disease at the time of transplantation had poorer outcomes than those with minimally responsive or stable disease, but clinical benefit was seen in all groups. Day 100 and 1-year nonrelapse mortalities were 2% and 4%, respectively. The 5-year relapse rate and progression-free survival were 84% and 14% (median, 18 months), respectively. The 5-year overall survival was 42% (median, 51 months). Our findings support the use of ASCT in @entity1582 @entity1 responding suboptimally to modern induction therapies. @entity1 should not be excluded on the basis of refractoriness to induction, as ASCT is effective in this group conventionally considered to have a poor outcome. Comprehensive multivariate analysis identified no disparate subgroups, meaning ASCT is a reasonable strategy for all fit primary refractory @entity1 .

title: Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Is an Effective Salvage Therapy for Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Refractory Multiple Myeloma']


abstract: The frequent overexpression of the hyaluronan receptors @entity3844 and @entity66398 in @entity5 cells opens the door for targeting by the naturally-occurring high-M(r) hyaluronan. This is the first time effective in vivo @entity5 targeting is reported for @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) loaded inside nano-sized hyaluronan-liposomes (denoted tHA- @entity22705 ). The severe adverse effects of free @entity1139 made it a rational candidate for an effective targeted carrier. In vitro, loading @entity1139 inside tHA- @entity22705 increased drug potency 100-fold, in cells overexpressing, but not in cells underexpressing, hyaluronan receptors. Both types of liposomes were non-toxic and reduced @entity1139 -related @entity137 in healthy C57BL/6 @entity19 . In 3 @entity5 models, BALB/c bearing C-26 solid @entity5 ; C57BL/6 bearing B16F10.9 or (separately) D122 lung metastasis, tHA- @entity22705 were long-circulating, 7-fold and 70-fold longer than nt- @entity22705 and free @entity1139 , respectively. tHA- @entity22705 -mediated @entity1139 accumulation in @entity5 -bearing lungs was 20% of injected dose, compared to 0.6% and 4% with free drug and nt- @entity22705 , respectively. Tumor-free lungs showed low accumulation, irrespective of drug formulation. Key indicators of therapeutic responses, @entity5 progression, metastatic burden and survival, were superior (p < 0.001) in animals receiving @entity1139 -loaded tHA- @entity22705 , no treatment, @entity1139 -loaded nt- @entity22705 and free drug. In conclusion, tHA- @entity22705 perform as @entity5 -targeted carriers, with promising prospects for treatment of @entity5 overexpressing hyaluronan receptors.

title: Loading @entity1138 inside long circulating hyaluronan targeted nano-liposomes increases its antitumor activity in three XXXX @entity5 models.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of @entity3866 in Japanese @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and to investigate the relationship between @entity3866 exposure and the occurrence of @entity401 ( @entity401 )-like events. METHODS: Population pharmacokinetics analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling software (NONMEM) based on 348 plasma samples from 97 @entity1 obtained in two phase II clinical studies. Individual empirical Bayesian estimates (EBEs) of apparent oral clearance (CL/F) and Cmax were compared between the @entity1 who developed and did not develop @entity401 -like events. RESULTS: A 1-compartment model with first-order absorption and first-order elimination was used to describe the plasma concentrations of @entity3866 . The estimated population pharmacokinetics parameters were as follows: 4  71  L/h for CL/F, 163  L for apparent volume of distribution (Vc /F) and 1  97  h(-1) for absorption rate constant (Ka ). Total @entity648 (TBIL) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) were identified as statistically significant covariates for CL/F. No differences in CL/F and Cmax were observed between the @entity1 with @entity401 -like events and those without @entity401 -like events. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS: A population pharmacokinetics model of @entity3866 was developed and validated in Japanese @entity1 . There was no relationship between exposure of @entity3866 before the occurrence of @entity401 -like events and the occurrence of @entity401 -like events when @entity3866 was administered at the same dosage. The high plasma concentration of @entity3866 reported in @entity1 after the onset of @entity401 -like events may be explained by CL/F decrease which occurs along with increasing levels of @entity14214 which was identified as a covariate for CL/F.

title: Population pharmacokinetics of XXXX in Japanese @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['erlotinib']


abstract: Excessive generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) containing free @entity26 radicals has been identified as one of the causes of @entity4810 . @entity14319 is a component of @entity1 redox defence mechanism against free radicals. It is found in high concentrations in the testes and seminal plasma and decreased levels have been demonstrated in @entity1 suffering from @entity249 . We evaluated the effect of oral @entity14319 therapy in @entity1 with idiopathic @entity249 . Beginning March 2000, thirty @entity1 with idiopathic non-obstructive oligo/astheno/teratozoospermia were enrolled for the trial. All @entity1 were administered 2000 mcg of @entity14319 , twice a day for three months. Semen analysis was performed at three months and sperm concentration, motility and morphology were evaluated. All @entity1 completed the trial without any complications. Twenty @entity1 (66%) showed an improvement in sperm concentration, sixteen (53%) had improved motility and fourteen (46%) showed improvement in sperm morphology. In cases showing an improvement, the median change in concentration was 22 million/ml, motility 25% and morphology 10%. The improvement in concentration and motility were statistically significant. Baseline sperm concentration less than 5 million/ml was associated with no significant improvement. Higher baseline concentrations were associated with significant improvement and resulted in six pregnancies in 26 @entity1 (23%). Oral @entity14319 therapy seems to have a role in the management of idiopathic @entity4810 . Maximum improvement seems to occur in the sperm concentration (66% cases). @entity1 without severe @entity6660 (sperm density > 5 million/ml) may be given a trial of therapy with @entity14319 . However, larger randomised controlled trials are essential before definitive therapeutic guidelines can be made.

title: XXXX therapy in idiopathic @entity4810 --a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14319 :: ('MESH:C015329', 'Chemical') :: ['lycopene', 'Lycopene']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligospermia']

answer: @entity14319 :: (MESH:C015329,Chemical) :: ['Lycopene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of serum human epidermal growth factor 2 ( @entity1722 ) for recurrence and @entity3 in @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: A total of 200 @entity1 with @entity0 and 300 @entity1 with @entity0 treated in the Department of Breast Surgery, @entity1 and @entity1 's @entity580 (China) between December 2006 and December 2013 were enrolled. Another 500 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals served as controls. The serum level of @entity1722 was determined using suspension array technology. @entity1 with @entity0 were further divided into ER-/PR-/ @entity1722 - and ER-/PR-/ @entity1722 + groups and followed up for 5 years to analyze the serum concentration of @entity1722 . RESULTS: The serum @entity1722 concentration was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity0 than in healthy controls or @entity1 with @entity5 (both p < 0.01). The serum @entity1722 concentration also was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity0 than in healthy controls (p < 0.01). The serum concentration of @entity1722 was significantly higher in @entity0 @entity1 who experienced recurrence and @entity3 than in @entity0 @entity1 who did not experience recurrence and @entity3 (both p < 0.01). Notably, the serum @entity1722 concentration in @entity0 @entity1 who experienced recurrence and @entity3 was increased to a level statistically similar to that in @entity1 with @entity1722 + @entity0 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity0 still have an increased serum @entity1722 concentration, and serum @entity1722 may be a valuable, novel biomarker for recurrence and @entity3 in @entity0 .

title: Serum Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 is a Novel Biomarker for Recurrence and @entity3 in Triple Negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast tumors', 'breast cancer', 'TNBC', 'triple negative breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital of Ningbo City']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Previous studies on epidural injections have focused on efficacy and have not evaluated factors predicting outcomes of epidural injections. PURPOSE: To determine which @entity1 factors are associated with transforaminal epidural injection outcomes for @entity13549 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study design at a university spine center. @entity1 SAMPLE: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity13549 who have had an electromyography study and a transforaminal epidural injection between January 1999 and July 2001. OUTCOME VARIABLE: The outcome variable was a composite score of the @entity1 ' @entity158 severity and medication use compared with their initial visit. Independent variables included demographics, previous back surgery, @entity158 severity at initial presentation, @entity158 medication use at initial presentation, litigation, having Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or workers' compensation, electromyography results. METHODS: Medical information was gathered on the variables listed above. RESULTS: Seventy-six @entity1 , mean age 50.4 years and 49% female, participated. At a mean follow-up of 122 days (SD 146.3), 35 (47%) were improved, 21 (28% were unchanged) and 12 (16%) were worse. Initial correlation analysis showed some relationship between outcomes and having SSDI or workers' compensation (R=.43, p<.001), lifting requirements at work (R=.44, p=.002), working status (R=-.31, p=.02), and electromyogram evidence of @entity614 (R=-.25, p=.04). Regression analysis showed that having SSDI or workers' compensation was the primary factor associated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: When controlled for SSDI/workers' compensation, lifting requirements at work, but not working status and @entity614 , also were associated with outcomes but the association was not as strong. This paper brings into question the utility of offering epidural injections to @entity1 who are on SSDI/workers' compensation and require heavy lifting at work.

title: Predicting outcomes of transforaminal epidural injections for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity13549 :: (MESH:D012585,Disease) :: ['sciatica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Protein- @entity669 kinases (PTKs) regulate virtually all biological processes. PTKs phosphorylate substrates in a sequence-specific manner and relatively short peptide sequences determine selectivity. Here, we developed new technology to determine PTK activity profiles using peptide arrays. The @entity3392 is an excellent model system to investigate signaling in the whole organism, given its wealth of genetic tools, including morpholino-mediated knock down technology. We used @entity3392 embryo lysates to determine PTK activity profiles, thus providing the unique opportunity to directly compare the effect of protein knock downs on PTK activity profiles on the one hand and phenotypic changes on the other. METHODOLOGY: We used multiplex arrays of 144 distinct peptides, spotted on a porous substrate, allowing the sample to be pumped up and down, optimizing reaction kinetics. Kinase reactions were performed using complex @entity3392 embryo lysates or purified kinases. Peptide phosphorylation was detected by fluorescent anti- @entity10393 antibody binding and the porous chips allowed semi-continuous recording of the signal. We used morpholinos to knock down protein expression in the @entity3392 embryos and subsequently, we determined the effects on the PTK activity profiles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Reproducible PTK activity profiles were derived from one-day-old zebrafiish embryos. Morpholino-mediated knock downs of the Src family kinases, @entity63561 and Yes, induced characteristic phenotypes and distinct changes in the PTK activity profiles. Interestingly, the peptide substrates that were less phosphorylated upon @entity63561 and Yes knock down were preferential substrates of purified @entity63561 and Yes. Previously, we demonstrated that @entity10377 knock down phenocopied @entity63561 /Yes knock down. Interestingly, @entity10377 knock down induced similar changes in the PTK activity profile as @entity63561 /Yes knock down. The control Nacre/Mitfa knock down did not affect the PTK activity profile significantly. Our results indicate that the novel peptide chip technology can be used to unravel kinase signaling pathways in vivo.

title: Protein- XXXX kinase activity profiling in knock down @entity3392 embryos.

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: After 20 years' experience throughout the Western world the effectiveness of screening newborns for @entity3946 remains controversial. Is the clinical test for hip instability (the Ortolani or "jump" sing) reliable? Are other equally important physical signs frequently missed by inexperienced examiners? Do some dislocations develop after the newborn period when no abnormality was identifiable during the first week of life? In Vancouver, screening for this condition was initiated in 1964. In the 5-year period 1967-1971 an orthopedic surgeon screened all the @entity1 in the newborn nursery of one hospital, while orthopedic residents screened all those at another hospital. Their rates of neonatal and late (after the first month of lfe) diagnosis of @entity154 were, respectively, 6 and 0.3/100 lives births for the surgeon and 5 and 0.8/1000 for the residents. In contrast, at 20 hospitals that did not have regular screenign the average rates were 1.2 and 1.4. Systematic screening the early treatment have great potential for reducing the need for immobilization and surgical treatment of @entity1 who @entity3946 is missed in the first month of life. it may also prevent the arthritic sequelae that in adult life afflict many @entity1 whose treatment was begun after the newborn period.

title: Neonatal screening in Vancouver for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hip abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3946 :: ('MESH:D006618', 'Disease') :: ['congenital dislocation of the hip']

answer: @entity3946 :: (MESH:D006618,Disease) :: ['congenital dislocation of the hip']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2074 ( @entity66 ) is a slow, progressive @entity74 affecting the palms of the hands. The disease is characterized by the formation of collagen rich- cords which gradually shorten by the action of myofibroblasts resulting in finger contractures. It is a disease that is confined to @entity1 , and a major limiting factor in investigating this disorder has been the lack of a faithful animal model that can recapitulate its distinct biology. The aim of this study was to develop such a model by determining if @entity2074 ( @entity66 )- and control carpal tunnel (CT)-derived fibroblasts could survive in the forepaw of the nude @entity35 and continue to exhibit the distinct characteristics they display in in vitro cultures. METHODS: 1x10(7) fluorescently labeled @entity66 - and CT-derived fibroblasts were transplanted into the left and right forepaws of nude @entity35 respectively. Cells were tracked at regular intervals for a period of two months by quantifying emitted fluorescent signal using an IVIS imaging system. After a period of 62  days @entity35 forepaw connective tissues were harvested for histology and total RNA was isolated. @entity1 -specific probes were used to perform real time RT-PCR assays to examine the expression patterns of gene products associated with @entity82 in @entity66 . @entity35 forepaw skin was also harvested to serve as an internal control. RESULTS: Both CT- and @entity66 -derived fibroblasts survived for a period of 62  days, but @entity66 -derived cells showed a significantly greater level of persistent fluorescent signal at the end of this time than did CT-derived cells. mRNA expression levels of a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), type I- and type III- collagens were all significantly elevated in the forepaw receiving @entity66 cord-derived fibroblasts in comparison to CT-derived fibroblasts. Masson's trichrome stain confirmed increased collagen deposition in the forepaw that was injected with @entity66 cord-derived fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time we describe an animal model for @entity2074 at the orthotopic anatomical location. We further show that gene expression differences between control (CT) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) derived fibroblasts persist when these cells are transplanted to the forepaw of the nude @entity35 . These preliminary findings indicate that, with further refinements, this animal model holds promise as a baseline for investigating novel therapeutic regimens to determine an effective strategy in treating @entity66 .

title: Developing an animal model of @entity2074 by orthotopic transplantation of XXXX fibroblasts into athymic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DD', 'diseased']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['fibroproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ["Dupuytren's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current study evaluated the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ), @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), and @entity5713 (VBL) in the treatment of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1358 @entity1 , median age 63 years, received immunochemotherapy. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 1 for 45 @entity1 and 2 for 17 @entity1 . Fifty-four @entity1 underwent nephrectomy prior to treatment. Sites of disease were lungs, lymph nodes, bone, kidney, and liver. Treatment consisted of @entity1199 10 MIU/m(2) subcutaneous (SC), three times per week, Weeks 1-4; @entity17674 MIU/m(2) SC, once per week, Weeks 1-4 and 9 MIU/m(2), three times per week, Weeks 5-7; @entity1487 600 mg/m(2) and VBL 6 mg/m(2), intravenous bolus, Day 1 of Weeks 5 and 7. RESULTS: In a median followup of 34 months, 62 @entity1 were evaluated for @entity5 response. Four @entity1 achieved complete response for 26+, 34+, 51+, and 56+ months, respectively; 14 @entity1 achieved partial response for a median of 14 months; and 20 @entity1 achieved stable disease for a median of 9 months. Seven @entity1 (5 partial response, 2 stable disease) underwent complete resection of @entity41 . Five @entity1 remained alive with no evidence of disease for 27, 32, 36, 42, and 48 months, respectively. Nine @entity1 achieved long-term complete response for a median of 36 months. Three-year survival rate for the entire group and for 11 complete responders was 88%. Common side effects were flu-like symptoms, @entity390 , @entity10 , and @entity308 . Four @entity1 were excluded because of treatment intolerance, and one @entity1 died after nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Immunochemotherapy is effective and well-tolerated by @entity1 with @entity1358 . Surgical intervention for resection of @entity66 is justified.

title: @entity1199 , interferon-alpha, XXXX , and @entity5713 in the treatment of @entity1358 : a prospective phase II study: the experience of Rambam and Lin Medical Centers 1996-2000.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['MRCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: Bone grafting is commonly used to treat @entity2526 associated with large bone defect or unstable joint. It can take several months, however, to achieve a solid union and bony fusion sometimes delays or fails especially in @entity170 @entity1 . Therefore, we used a @entity35 spinal arthrodesis model to examine whether intermittent administration of @entity1 @entity4727 (1-34) accelerates bone graft healing. Eighty-two male @entity35 underwent posterolateral spinal arthrodesis surgery using autologous bone grafts. Animals were given daily subcutaneous injections of hPTH(1-34) (40 microg/kg/day @entity4727 group) or 0.9% saline vehicle (control group) from immediately after surgery till death. Five @entity35 each were killed 2, 4, 7, and 14 days after the surgery, and mRNA expression analysis was performed on harvested grafted bone. Seven @entity35 each were killed 14, 28, and 42 days after the surgery, and the lumbar spine, which contained the grafted spinal segment, was subjected to fusion assessment, microstructural analysis using three-dimensional micro-computed tomography, and histologic examination. Serum bone metabolism markers were analyzed. The results indicated that @entity4727 administration decreased the time required for graft bone healing and provided a structurally superior fusion mass in the @entity35 spinal arthrodesis model. @entity4727 administration increased the fusion rate on day 14 (14% in the control group and 57% in the @entity4727 group), accelerated grafted bone resorption, and produced a larger and denser fusion mass compared to control. mRNA expression of both osteoblast- and osteoclast-related genes was upregulated by @entity4727 treatment, and serum bone formation and resorption marker levels were higher in the @entity4727 group than in the control group. Histologically calculated mineral apposition rate, mineralized surface and osteoclast surface were also higher in the @entity4727 group than in the control group. These findings suggest that intermittent administration of @entity4727 (1-34) enhanced bone turn over dominantly on bone formation at the graft site, leading to the acceleration of the spinal fusion. Based on the results of this study, intermittent injection of hPTH(1-34) might be an efficient adjuvant intervention in spinal arthrodesis surgery and all other skeletal reconstruction surgeries requiring bone grafts.

title: Enhancement of graft bone healing by intermittent administration of @entity1 parathyroid hormone (1-34) in a XXXX spinal arthrodesis model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a common zoonotic @entity2199 . @entity468 act as natural reservoirs of the hookworm and are involved in transmitting @entity281 to @entity1 , thus posing a potential risk to public health. The prevalence of feline A. ceylanicum in Guangzhou (South China) was surveyed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In total, 112 faecal samples were examined; 34.8% (39/112) and 43.8% (49/112) samples were positive with hookworms by microscopy and PCR method, respectively. Among them, 40.8% of samples harboured A. ceylanicum. Twelve positive A. ceylanicum samples were selected randomly and used for @entity35313 sequence analysis. Sequencing results revealed that they had 97-99% similarity with A. ceylanicum @entity35313 gene sequences deposited in GenBank. A phylogenetic tree showed that A. ceylanicum isolates were divided into two groups: one comprising four isolates from Guangzhou (South China), and the other comprising those from Malaysia, Cambodia and Guangzhou. In the latter group, all A. ceylanicum isolates from Guangzhou were clustered into a minor group again. The results indicate that the high prevalence of A. ceylanicum in stray @entity468 in South China poses a potential risk of hookworm transmission from pet @entity468 to @entity1 , and that A. ceylanicum may be a species complex worldwide.

title: Levels of XXXX and phylogenetic analysis of @entity35313 gene of A. ceylanicum in stray cat faecal samples from Guangzhou, China.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Ancylostoma infections']


abstract: Combining the advanced techniques of optimal dynamic inversion and model-following neuro-adaptive control design, an innovative technique is presented to design an automatic drug administration strategy for effective treatment of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). A recently developed nonlinear mathematical model for cell dynamics is used to design the controller (medication dosage). First, a nominal controller is designed based on the principle of optimal dynamic inversion. This controller can treat the nominal model @entity1 ( @entity1 who can be described by the mathematical model used here with the nominal parameter values) effectively. However, since the system parameters for a realistic model @entity1 can be different from that of the nominal model @entity1 , simulation studies for such @entity1 indicate that the nominal controller is either inefficient or, worse, ineffective; i.e. the trajectory of the number of @entity5 cells either shows non-satisfactory transient behavior or it grows in an unstable manner. Hence, to make the drug dosage history more realistic and @entity1 -specific, a model-following neuro-adaptive controller is augmented to the nominal controller. In this adaptive approach, a neural network trained online facilitates a new adaptive controller. The training process of the neural network is based on Lyapunov stability theory, which guarantees both stability of the @entity5 cell dynamics as well as boundedness of the network weights. From simulation studies, this adaptive control design approach is found to be very effective to treat the @entity1860 for realistic @entity1 . Sufficient generality is retained in the mathematical developments so that the technique can be applied to other similar nonlinear control design problems as well.

title: An optimal dynamic inversion-based neuro-adaptive approach for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'CML disease', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Biliary complications after living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) remain a major source of morbidity for recipients. We describe our technique and early results with 32 recipients who underwent LRLT with duct-to-duct anastomoses during the last 2 years. METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2004, 50 @entity1 underwent liver transplantation in our center with overall @entity1 and graft survival rate of 86.4% and 86.4%. Of 50 @entity1 , 41 (82.0%; 17 adult and 24 pediatric) underwent LRLT, 32 (78.0%) of whom had duct-to-duct biliary anastomoses with a "corner-saving suture" technique. RESULTS: Of 32 @entity1 in whom duct-to-duct biliary anastomoses were performed, 4 (12.5%) had an @entity834 with 2 eventually developing @entity1157 within 3 months. One @entity1 required reoperation for a @entity1157 . All other @entity834 and strictures were treated with percutaneous drainage and @entity384 with excellent outcomes. There was no long-term morbidity and no graft loss owing to biliary complications. Seven @entity1 died during follow-up (0.5 to 25 months); 43 are doing well with optimal liver function in the early posttransplantation period. CONCLUSION: According to our early results, we recommend duct-to-duct @entity254 in LRLT when calibration of the ducts show suitable results and when there is no tension on the @entity254 site. Otherwise, Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy should be performed to decrease risk of biliary complications.

title: Duct-to-duct biliary XXXX with a "corner-saving suture" technique in living-related liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile leak', 'bile duct strictures']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: AIM: To report clinical experience and the comparative value of axial and instantaneous topography data in fitting Rose-K design contact lenses in moderate and severe @entity9042 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight eyes (of 23 @entity1 ) with @entity9042 were fitted with Rose-K design contact lenses and followed up for at least six months or more. Visual acuity with habitual vision correction available was measured. Axial and instantaneous topography maps for each eye were recorded. Contact lens wear comfort was graded on a ten point rating scale every three months. RESULTS: Fourteen (100%) moderate @entity735 (average Sim K 48.61 +/- 1.24D) and 23 of 24 (96%) of severe @entity735 (average Sim K 60.88 +/- 5.31D) were successfully fitted with the Rose-K lenses. Final fit contact lenses in severe @entity9042 had statistically significant steeper base curves compared to average axial corneal curvature than in moderate @entity735 . Average simulated corneal curvature on axial maps predicted final fit contact lens base curves significantly better than on instantaneous maps. Thirty-three of the 37 eyes fitted with contact lenses maintained wear comfort over average follow up period of 13 +/- 3.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: Rose-K design rigid contact lenses are successful in visually rehabilitating 100% of moderate and 96% of severe @entity735 . Most @entity1 (90%) maintained contact lens wear comfort. Corneal curvature on axial maps is a better predictive of base curve of final fit contact lens.

title: Rose-K contact lens for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus eyes']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: Purpose. To investigate the oxidant and antioxidant status of @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity6 (DRP). Methods. Forty-four @entity1 who had @entity231 surgery were enrolled in the study. We included 22 @entity1 with DRP in one group and 22 @entity1 in the control group. Samples of @entity7462 and serum were taken from all patients. Serum and aqueous @entity63 -modified albumin (IMA), total @entity1432 , total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) levels were compared in two groups. Results. Median serum IMA levels were 44.80 absorbance units in the DRP group and 40.15 absorbance units in the control group (P = 0.031). Median serum total @entity1432 levels in the DRP group were significantly less than those in the control group (3051.13 and 3910.12, resp., P = 0.004). Mean @entity66 levels in the serum were 2.93    0.19 in the DRP group and 2.61    0.26 in the control group (P = 0.039). The differences in mean total @entity1432 , @entity11636 , and @entity66 levels in the @entity7462 and mean TAC levels in the serum were not statistically significant. Conclusion. IMA, total @entity1432 , and @entity66 levels in the serum might be useful markers in monitoring the risk of DRP development.

title: The Association between @entity6 and Levels of @entity63 -Modified Albumin, Total XXXX , Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Total Oxidative Stress in Serum and @entity7462 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['total oxidative stress', 'TOS']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

answer: @entity1432 :: (CHEBI:29256,Chemical) :: ['Thiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity32 -related genes have been linked to an increased risk of @entity385 . Most of these SNP results have not been replicated, however, and metaanalyses of the effects of @entity32 -related genes are rare. We investigated 49 SNPs in 34 genes previously reported to be related to @entity32 in our study. We tested 459 @entity1 with acute @entity385 or transient @entity63 attack and 459 controls individually matched by sex and age. METHODS: We studied genetic variation by PCR analysis and subsequent hybridization to linear arrays of sequence-specific oligonucleotides. We used univariate conditional logistic regression analysis to test for associations of conventional vascular risk factors and the SNPs with @entity64 . Variables showing significant differences (P < 0.05) between cases and controls were included in a multivariate model. ROC curves were plotted to assess the contribution of genetic variation to @entity64 risk in addition to that of conventional risk factors. RESULTS: Univariate regression analysis revealed 3 SNPs with significant allelic differences between @entity1 and controls, which fulfilled the criteria for further analysis. Only one of these SNPs, the @entity327 (complement component 5) @entity63842 variant ( @entity22630 ), remained significant after the multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 0.585; P = 0.0037). ROC curve analysis revealed no contribution of this genetic variation to @entity64 risk. CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence for an association of the @entity63842 polymorphism in the @entity327 gene with the risk for @entity385 . Our data suggest that the @entity327 gene particularly influences the risk for @entity1 with @entity455 .

title: Polymorphisms in inflammatory genes and the risk of @entity385 and transient XXXX attack: results of a multilocus genotyping assay.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) is a chronic @entity792 that usually responds positively to treatment with thymectomy. Standard surgical procedures have been shown to result in a favorite outcome. The optimal surgical access, however, is under discussion. @entity1 AND METHOD: In a prospective study conducted between 8/97 and 4/05, 173 @entity1 with @entity1737 underwent thoracoscopic thymectomy, for which a left-sided approach was generally applied. An analysis of the intraoperative and postoperative course was performed in 137 @entity1 (8/97 and 12/03), as well as of the impact of the surgical procedure on further development of the disease. The results obtained were compared with those published in the literature, with particular reference to results obtained with open surgery. In 8 @entity1 , the procedure was converted to an anterolateral thoracotomy or sternotomy, so we examined 129 @entity1 , which were operated thoracoscopically. RESULTS: The @entity1 in this study were 93 females and 36 males, with a mean age of 35.8 (range: 9-83) years. The mean preoperative duration of the disease was 22.9 (range: 1-140) months. The duration of operation was 50 to 85 minutes, the @entity190 was lower than 100 ml. The mean follow up was 24.7 (range: 1-57) months. Complete remission was noted in 30 @entity1 (23.3 %), and improvements reflected either in a reduction of the required medication, or a decrease in symptom severity, were seen in a total of 86 @entity1 (66.6 %). CONCLUSION: Complete thoracoscopic thymectomy is a technically feasible operation, and as effective as conventional open surgery. Remissions or symptomatic improvements were observed in more than 89 % of the @entity1 . The low morbidity rate, in combination with excellent cosmetic results, has led to increasing acceptance of the operation both by @entity1 and neurologists. Therefore, thoracoscopic thymectomy represents a new, alternative method for treatment of @entity1 with @entity1737 .

title: [The thoracoscopic thymectomy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'Myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore associations of whole-lesion histogram diffusion metrics with pathologic findings and subsequent metastatic disease in @entity150 @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity150 @entity1 (21M, 2F; mean 70      11  years) underwent MRI before cystectomy. A volume-of-interest was placed on all slices on the ADC map encompassing @entity75 . @entity75 mean, kurtosis, and skewness of ADC were calculated and compared with T stage and pelvic nodal status at cystectomy and with subsequent metastasis in 20/25 @entity1 with available follow-up. RESULTS: At cystectomy, 39  % (9/23) were stage T2, 61  % (14/23) >= T3, and 28  % (5/23) exhibited positive nodes; 35  % (7/20) developed later @entity3 . Mean ADC was significantly lower in stage >= T3 than in lower stage @entity5 (1.20      0.36     10(-3) vs. 1.55      0.36     10(-3)  mm(2)/s; p  =  0.044), but showed no association with nodal or metastatic disease (p  =  0.362-0.709). Kurtosis was significantly lower in @entity5 with, compared to without, @entity66 (-0.05      0.29 vs. 0.91      1.16; p  =  0.037), and showed a non-significant decrease in @entity5 with, compared to without, later @entity3 (0.23      0.63 vs. 0.83      0.89; p  =  0.088). Kurtosis was not associated with T stage (p  =  0.811), and skew was not associated with any outcome (p  =  0.516-0.643). Mean ADC achieved highest AUC for identification of stage >= T3 (AUC  =  0.754 vs. 0.516-0.643 for other metrics). Kurtosis achieved highest AUC for @entity66 (AUC  =  0.811 vs. 0.522-0.556 for other metrics) and @entity3 (AUC  =  0.736 vs. 0.516-0.626 for other metrics). Only difference in AUC between skewness and kurtosis for @entity66 was significant (p  =  0.031). CONCLUSION: While requiring larger studies, kurtosis has potential to complement mean ADC in @entity150 prognosis using whole-lesion histogram analysis.

title: @entity75 diffusion metrics for assessment of bladder XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['each lesion', 'Whole-lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer aggressiveness']


abstract: PURPOSE: The European Randomized Study of Screening for @entity263 investigates the impact of screening on @entity263 mortality and contributes to a better understanding of available screening tests. The present study evaluates the predictive value of a @entity1486 (PSA) increase to PSA 3.0 ng/ml or greater in a 4-year period in @entity1 who present with low PSA values (less than 3.0 ng/ml) at first screen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 42,376 @entity1 were randomized to screening vs control in Rotterdam. Of 6,467 @entity1 5,771 had PSA values of less than 3.0 ng/ml, did not undergo biopsy at baseline and were rescreened after 4 years with PSA 3.0 ng/ml or greater as biopsy indication. PSA progression in a 4-year interscreening interval is evaluated by determining the positive predictive values, detection rates and parameters of @entity5 . RESULTS: PSA progression to more than 3.0 ng/ml occurred in 0.9%, 9.3% and 48.6% of @entity1 who presented with PSA values less than 1.0, 1 to 1.9 and 2 to 2.9 ng/ml, respectively, in round 1. Their respective positive predictive values amounted to 19.0%, 23.8% and 27.9%. @entity5 detection rates increased with increasing PSA values in round 1. The distribution of low, moderate and high risk @entity5 depends on round 2 but not on round 1 PSA ranges. CONCLUSIONS: PSA progression to the (arbitrary) cutoff value of 3.0 ng/ml and the diagnosis of @entity263 in round 2 screening with a 4-year interval depends strongly on PSA values at the time of the 1st screen. These observations will be helpful to design future screening procedures. With levels less than 2.0 ng/ml PSA progression to levels of 3.0 ng/ml or greater is rare as it was seen only in 4.8% of all @entity1 .

title: 4-year @entity1486 progression and diagnosis of XXXX in the European Randomized Study of Screening for @entity263 , section Rotterdam.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'aggressiveness of round 2 cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dysfunction of mechanical heart valve prostheses is an unusual but potentially lethal complication after mechanical prosthetic valve replacement. We seek to report our experience with mechanical @entity340 regarding etiology, surgical techniques and early outcomes. METHODS: Clinical data of 48 @entity1 with mechanical @entity340 surgically treated between October 1996 and June 2011 were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean age was 43.7  10.9 years and 34 were female (70.8%). The median interval from primary @entity340 was 44.5 months (range, 1 hour to 20 years). There were 21 emergent and 27 elective reoperations. The etiology was @entity715 in 19 cases (39.6%), @entity2070 in 12 (25%), @entity715 and @entity2070 in 11 (22.9%), improper disc orientation in 2 (4.1%), missing leaflet in 1 (2.1%), excessively long knot end in 1 (2.1%), endogenous factor in 1 (2.1%) and unidentified in 1 (2.1%). Surgical procedure was mechanical valve replacement in 37 cases (77.1%), bioprosthetic valve replacement in 7 (14.9%), disc rotation in 2 (4.2%) and excision of excessive knot end in 1 (2.1%). Early deaths occurred in 7 @entity1 (14.6%), due to low cardiac output in 3 (6.3%), @entity881 in 2 (4.2%) and refractory @entity2224 in 2 (4.2%). Complications occurred in 10 @entity1 (20.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical management of mechanical @entity340 is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Earlier identification and prompt reoperation are vital to achieving better clinical outcomes. The high incidence of @entity715 in this series highlights the need for adequate anticoagulation and regular follow-up after mechanical valve replacement.

title: Dysfunction of mechanical heart valve prosthesis: experience with surgical management in 48 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve dysfunction', 'valve implantation to dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and technical efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation with artificial @entity843 for @entity1870 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 2015 and May 2016, a total of 25 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1870 who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation with artificial @entity843 were included in this retrospective study. A matching cohort of 50 @entity1 underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation without artificial @entity843 as controls. The technical efficacy, complications and short-term treatment effectiveness was assessed and compared with the controls. RESULTS: Artificial @entity843 was successfully achieved in all of the 25 @entity1 with the administration of a median of 550mL (range, 250-1200ml) of solution. There was substantial improvement in achieving a better antenna path in 100% (20/20) of the cases with a poor antenna path. The complete separation was achieved in 23 of 25 @entity1 . The mean ablation time was 26.5  7.3min and the median Non-perfusion volume ratio was 76% which was similar to the control group (P   >   0.05). No serious complications were observed. @entity1 @entity158 scores for @entity1834 showed a statistically significant decline from the baseline of 6.71  0.96 to 2.92  0.79 and the symptom severity score declined statistically significantly from 21.8  5.5 to 16.4  4.8 at 3 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous microwave ablation with artificial @entity843 is feasible, safe and can be effective in improving access for treatment of @entity1870 .

title: Percutaneous microwave ablation with artificial XXXX for symptomatic uterine @entity1870 : Initial experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: Chitosan permeabilizes plasma membrane and kills sensitive filamentous fungi and @entity375 . Membrane fluidity and cell energy determine chitosan sensitivity in fungi. A five-fold reduction of both @entity413 (main @entity505 (C) source) and @entity1568 (N) increased 2-fold @entity1980 sensitivity to chitosan. We linked this increase with production of intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and plasma membrane permeabilization. Releasing @entity1980 from nutrient limitation reduced chitosan antifungal activity in spite of high ROS intracellular levels. With @entity880 instead of @entity413 , C and N limitation increased @entity1980 sensitivity to chitosan further (4-fold) than what @entity413 did. Nutrient limitation also increased sensitivity of filamentous fungi and @entity375 @entity1 pathogens to chitosan. For Fusarium proliferatum, lowering 100-fold C and N content in the growth medium, increased 16-fold chitosan sensitivity. Similar results were found for Candida spp. (including @entity2380 resistant strains) and Cryptococcus spp. Severe C and N limitation increased chitosan antifungal activity for all pathogens tested. Chitosan at 100  g ml(-1) was lethal for most fungal @entity1 pathogens tested but non-toxic to HEK293 and COS7 @entity1 cell lines. Besides, chitosan increased 90% survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with @entity5132 . These results are of paramount for developing chitosan as antifungal.

title: @entity505 and XXXX limitation increase chitosan antifungal activity in @entity1980 and fungal @entity1 pathogens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa', 'N. crassa']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) is being used to identify @entity438 ( @entity438 ) in @entity1 with findings such as skull fracture and @entity932 on initial Computed Tomography (CT) scans after blunt @entity131 ( @entity131 ). However, the incidence of @entity438 in @entity1 with blunt @entity131 is unknown. The aim of this study is to report the incidence of @entity438 in @entity1 with blunt @entity131 and to assess the utility of CTA in detecting these lesions. METHODS: A 10-year retrospective study (2003-2012) was performed at a Level 1 @entity130 centre. All @entity1 with blunt @entity131 who had an initial non-contrasted head CT scan and a follow-up head CTA were included. Head CTAs were then reviewed by a single investigator and TICAs were identified. The primary outcome measure was incidence of @entity438 in blunt @entity131 . RESULTS: A total of 10 257 @entity1 with blunt @entity131 were identified, out of which 459 @entity1 were included in the analysis. Mean age was 47.3        22.5, the majority were male (65.1%) and median ISS was 16 [9-25]. Thirty-six @entity1 (7.8%) had @entity438 , of which three @entity1 (0.65%) had TICAs. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity438 was exceedingly low (0.65%) over 10-years. This study adds to the growing literature questioning the empiric use of CTA for detecting @entity1317 in @entity1 with blunt @entity131 .

title: Traumatic @entity438 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'TICA', 'traumatic intracranial aneurysms', 'traumatic intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the 3D hemodynamics in the thoracic aorta of pediatric and young adult @entity4503 ( @entity4503 ) @entity1 . METHODS: 4D flow MRI was performed in 30 pediatric and young adult @entity4503 @entity1 (age: 13.9        4.4 (range: [3.4, 20.7]) years old, M:F   =   17:13) as part of this Institutional Review Board-approved study. Nomogram-based aortic root Z-scores were calculated to assess @entity384 and degree of @entity472 ( @entity472 ) severity was assessed on MRI. Data analysis included calculation of time-averaged systolic 3D wall shear stress (WSSsys ) along the entire aorta wall, and regional quantification of maximum and mean WSSsys and peak systolic velocity (velsys ) in the ascending aorta (AAo), arch, and descending aorta (DAo). The 4D flow MRI AAo velsys was also compared with echocardiography peak velocity measurements. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation with both mean and max AAo WSSsys and peak AAo velsys (mean: r   =   0.84, P   <   0.001, max: r   =   0.94, P   <   0.001) and @entity472 (mean: rS    =   0.43, P   =   0.02, max: rS    =   0.70, P   <   0.001). AAo peak velocity was significantly higher when measured with echo compared with 4D flow MRI (2.1        0.98 m/s versus 1.27        0.49 m/s, P   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: In pediatric and young adult @entity1 with @entity4503 , @entity472 and peak ascending aorta velocity are associated with increased AAo @entity13920 , while aortic dilation, age, and body surface area do not significantly impact AAo hemodynamics. Prospective studies are required to establish the role of @entity13920 as a risk-stratification tool in these @entity1 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:954-963.

title: Thoracic aorta 3D hemodynamics in pediatric and young adult XXXX with @entity4503 .

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve', 'BAV']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Current guidelines advocate the use of @entity2690 for the management of @entity4854 in the hospital setting. However, @entity2690 is limited by a narrow therapeutic window, frequent errors, a need for expertise and systems-based monitoring, and lack of specificity for @entity209 that occur during @entity3124 . As a result, non- @entity2690 alternatives have garnered increasing interest for managing @entity4854 in the hospital. However, non- @entity2690 therapies have had safety and tolerability concerns, @entity1 may still need @entity2690 for glycemic control, and there have been limited outcomes data supporting their use. In the study by Christiansen and colleagues in the previous issue of Critical Care, pre-admission @entity2449 therapy was associated with reduced mortality in critically ill @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . The mortality benefit persisted after controlling for other variables, and was particularly prominent when @entity2449 was continued during admission. Furthermore, the reduction in mortality was observed despite a slightly increased prevalence of @entity8193 in @entity2449 users. The protective effects of @entity2449 are purported to be related to pleiotropic, possibly anti-inflammatory mechanisms, raising the question of benefit in @entity1 without @entity6 . Thus, the findings warrant a re-appraisal of the risks and benefits of @entity2449 use during @entity3124 . However, in order to justify the revision of multiple guidelines and changes in product labeling, clinical trials in carefully selected @entity1 populations are indicated.

title: XXXX in the intensive care unit: is @entity2690 the only option?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the rate of @entity8 resulting from blast effects and perform microscopic examination of renal arteries after @entity18329 resulting from a high-velocity bullet. METHODS: A total of 194 @entity1 with @entity18329 due to blast effects underwent surgical exploration. Of the 194 @entity1 , 35 (18%) had 37 renal unit injuries (2 @entity1 had bilateral @entity8 ). Of the 37 renal units, 32 were treated with nephrectomy and 5 with renoraphy. During surgical exploration, 7 @entity1 were found to have @entity8 resulting from blast effects. The distance between the bullet direction in the body and the @entity8 was evaluated. Also, the histologic changes in the renal artery were examined microscopically. RESULTS: Although the @entity8 rate from @entity18329 due to high-velocity bullets was 18%, the @entity8 rate due to blast effect was 0.36%. The mean distance between the bullet direction in the body and the @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity8 was 2.2 cm (range 1 to 5). Two @entity1 had intimal lacerations and one had minimal @entity715 . CONCLUSIONS: Renal fragmentation from the blast effect in these @entity1 was closely related to the distance between the bullet direction in the body and the @entity8 . The possibility was greater for close-range (less than 50 m) gunshots. We believe that the histologic changes in the renal artery are not very important in the @entity1 .

title: Effects of blast injury on kidneys in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fragmentation', 'renal parenchyma', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity18329 :: ('MESH:D014948', 'Disease') :: ['gunshot wounds', 'abdominal gunshot wounds']

answer: @entity18329 :: (MESH:D014948,Disease) :: ['abdominal gunshot wounds']