abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare in a regular non-clinical trial experience the efficacy, acceptability, and continuation rates of an injectable contraceptive containing 50 mg @entity17233 plus 5mg @entity2691 (IC) and an oral contraceptive containing 0.15 mg @entity2692 plus 0.03 mg @entity2082 (OC), among adolescent users. DESIGN: A total of 251 adolescents ages 14-19 were followed during 12 months. The IC group (124 subjects) was studied for 1044 cycles and the OC group (127 subjects) was studied for 1368 cycles. The users were not assigned in a random selection. Information was collected from clinical records. Groups were compared using Pearson chi-square, odds ratio (95% confidence interval), t-test, and proportion difference test. RESULTS: The IC group had significant differences in baseline social risk, confidence, psychiatric problems, consumption of @entity167 , and number of sexual partners. At 12 months, the IC group showed significant decrease in weight and increase in @entity931 . In the OC group, @entity1834 decreased, and @entity1866 and regular cycles were significantly more frequent. One pregnancy occurred in the OC group (Pearl Index: 0.88). Final continuation rates at 12 months were 41.9% and 37.8% for IC and OC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The monthly injectable is a recommended contraceptive option for adolescents, especially for those facing psychosocial risk factors.

title: Comparative performance of a combined injectable contraceptive (50 mg @entity17233 plus 5mg @entity2691 ) and a combined oral contraceptive (0.15 mg XXXX plus 0.03 mg @entity2082 ) in adolescents.

entities_list: @entity2691 :: ('MESH:C015854', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol valerate']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity17233 :: ('MESH:C024319', 'Chemical') :: ['norethisterone enanthate']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['hypomenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['hypermenorrhea']

answer: @entity2692 :: (MESH:D016912,Chemical) :: ['levonorgestrel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal @entity1 who use hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) containing @entity2931 alone are at increased risk of @entity1204 . To minimise this risk, many HRT users who have not had a hysterectomy use combined @entity2931 -progestagen preparations or @entity11347 . Limited information is available on the incidence of @entity1204 in users of these therapies. METHODS: 716,738 postmenopausal @entity1 in the UK without previous @entity5 or previous hysterectomy were recruited into the Million @entity1 Study in 1996-2001, provided information about their use of HRT and other personal details, and were followed up for an average of 3.4 years, during which time 1320 incident @entity1204 were diagnosed. FINDINGS: 320,953 @entity1 (45%) reported at recruitment that they had used HRT, among whom 69,577 (22%) last used continuous combined therapy (progestagen added daily to @entity2931 ), 145,486 (45%) last used cyclic combined therapy (progestagen added to @entity2931 , usually for 10-14 days per month), 28,028 (9%) last used @entity11347 , and 14,204 (4%) last used @entity2931 -only HRT. These HRT types had sharply contrasting effects on the overall risk of @entity1204 (p<0.0001 for heterogeneity). Compared with never users of HRT, risk was: reduced with last use of continuous combined preparations (relative risk 0.71 [95% CI 0.56-0.90]; p=0.005); increased with last use of @entity11347 (1.79 [1.43-2.25]; p<0.0001) and @entity2931 only (1.45 [1.02-2.06]; p=0.04); and not significantly altered with last use of cyclic combined preparations (1.05 [0.91-1.22]; p=0.5). A @entity1 's body-mass index significantly affected these associations, such that the adverse effects of @entity11347 and @entity2931 -only HRT were greatest in @entity28 @entity1 , and the beneficial effects of combined HRT were greatest in @entity28 @entity1 . INTERPRETATION: @entity2931 and @entity11347 increase the risk of @entity1204 . Progestagens counteract the adverse effect of @entity2931 on the endometrium, the effect being greater the more days every month that they are added to @entity2931 and the more @entity28 that @entity1 are. However, combined @entity2931 -progestagen HRT causes a greater increase in @entity0 than the other therapies do. Thus, when @entity0 are added together, there is a greater increase in total @entity5 incidence with use of combined HRT, both continuous and cyclic, than with use of the other therapies.

title: @entity1204 and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'endometrial and breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'non-obese']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'oestrogens', 'Oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate postoperative renal function after @entity1 were administered @entity2614 under conditions designed to generate high concentrations of compound A. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A multicenter (11 sites), multinational, open-label, randomized, comparative study of perioperative renal function in @entity1 who have received low-flow (< or = 1 L/min) @entity2614 or @entity5161 . @entity1 : 254 ASA physical status I, II and III @entity1 requiring endotracheal intubation for elective surgery lasting more than 2 hours. INTERVENTIONS: After induction, low-flow anesthesia was initiated at a flow rate < or = 1 L/min. Blood and urine samples were studied to assess postoperative renal function. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Measurements of serum BUN and @entity1011 , and urine @entity413 , protein, pH, and specific gravity were used to assess renal function preoperatively and up to 3 days postoperatively. Serum inorganic @entity1388 ion concentration was measured at preinduction, emergence, and 2, 24 and 72 hours postoperatively. Compound A concentrations were measured at two sites for those @entity1 receiving @entity2614 . Adverse experience data were analyzed. One hundred eighty-eight @entity1 were considered evaluable (98 @entity2614 and 90 @entity5161 ). Peak serum @entity1388 concentrations were significantly higher after @entity2614 (40 +/- 16 microM) than after @entity5161 (3 +/- 2 microM). Serum @entity1011 and BUN decreased in both groups postoperatively; @entity15157 and @entity644 occurred in 15% to 25% of @entity1 . There were no clinically significant differences in BUN, @entity1011 , @entity15157 , and @entity644 between the low-flow @entity2614 and low-flow @entity5161 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: There were no statistically significant differences in the renal effects of @entity2614 or @entity5161 in surgical @entity1 undergoing low-flow anesthesia for up to 8 hours. Low-flow @entity2614 anesthesia under clinical conditions expected to produce high levels of compound A appears as safe as low-flow @entity5161 anesthesia.

title: Comparison of renal function following anesthesia with low-flow XXXX and @entity5161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity15157 :: ('MESH:D006030', 'Disease') :: ['glucosuria']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: Introduction. @entity66 is caused by the tapeworm @entity12047 and is still a matter of public health in many regions of the world, where it is an endemic @entity4801 . Although the liver is the most involved organ, hydatidosis can be found anywhere in the @entity1 body. Rare forms of location may lead to diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Case Report. Herein we report a rare case of acute @entity490 and progressively increasing @entity1661 due to abdominal and multiple @entity8434 in a 72-year-old Caucasian male. We also provide a brief review of the literature. Conclusion. Although @entity66 is found most often in the liver and lungs, rarely any organ of the body can be involved by this zoonosis. Though rare, the possibility of unusual location of @entity8434 must always be considered by the operating surgeon, when dealing with diffuse @entity490 in endemic areas, because any misinterpretation may result in unfavorable outcomes.

title: XXXX simulating acute abdomen: a case report and brief review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hydatid disease', 'Hydatid disease']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['echinococcosis', 'splenic echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Hydatid disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Single nucleotide polymorphisms are assumed to be associated with the differential production of cytokines. We evaluated gene polymorphisms of @entity688 ( @entity28709 , @entity28708 and @entity28707 ) and @entity18068 (+16974) in @entity1 with @entity7278 (n = 145) and generalized aggressive @entity2521 (n = 65) in comparison with healthy controls (n = 126). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gene promoter polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. Genotype and allele frequencies were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The @entity688 -592 polymorphism showed significant differences among the three groups (p = 0.0330). The genotype frequencies of the -592 locus between the @entity7278 and healthy control groups were significantly different (AC vs. AA: odds ratio = 0.33). The combination ATA/ATA seemed to be associated with susceptibility to generalized aggressive @entity2521 (p = 0.0276). @entity1 with the composite ATA/ACC were less likely to develop @entity7278 (p = 0.0248). The CC genotype of @entity18068 (+16974) was related to @entity7278 (CC vs. AA, p = 0.0211; CC vs. AA+AC, p = 0.0187). The AC heterozygosity of @entity18068 was significantly lower in @entity7278 vs. healthy controls (p = 0.0500). CONCLUSION: The @entity688 gene polymorphism at position @entity28709 may be associated with a lower risk for development of @entity7278 . The @entity688 haplotype ATA is associated with generalized aggressive @entity2521 . On the other hand, @entity18068 genetic variants at position +16974 are associated with susceptibility to @entity7278 .

title: @entity688 ( @entity28709 ) and @entity18068 (+16974 A/C) gene polymorphisms and the @entity688 ATA haplotype are associated with XXXX in a Taiwanese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: With the optimal acceptance of its clinical advantages, laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) emerged as a gold standard procedure as compared with @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ). However, it is still controversial and even counted as contraindication for massive @entity381 . Here, we aim to summarize the experiences, characteristics and trends of modified LS for massive @entity381 in @entity1 with @entity1503 . METHODS: Retrospective series of 57 pediatric @entity1 with massive @entity381 who underwent splenectomy from March 2007 to December 2011 were designated for this clinical analysis. The main outcome measures were dealt by statistics. For 30 cases of LS, we strictly adhered to the principle of using only three trocars to operate and initial ligation of the splenic artery, followed by retrieving the piecemeal of spleen through an accessory incision of 2-3 cm at 12 mm trocar port site. RESULTS: Of the 57 pediatric @entity1 , 27 underwent @entity1538 and 30 underwent LS, respectively. Despite the operative time being shorter for @entity1538 than for LS (P < 0.001), the @entity190 was lower in LS than in @entity1538 (P < 0.001); the time required for oral intake as well as duration of hospital stay was lower in LS than in @entity1538 (P < 0.001). Post-operatively, 7 (25.9 %) complications occurred in @entity1538 and 3 (10 %) in LS. The conversion rate of LS to @entity1538 was 13.33 % in four cases till 2009. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the conflicting reports regarding the safety of LS for massive @entity381 , we demonstrated that our modified laparoscopic splenectomy in the treatment of @entity1 with massive @entity381 in @entity1503 seemed to achieve the fundamental goal of less invasion; it was safe and feasible.

title: A modified laparoscopic splenectomy for massive XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1503 : a single institute retrospective clinical research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open splenectomy', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological disorders', 'hematological diseases']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

answer: @entity381 :: (MESH:D013163,Disease) :: ['splenomegaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed the IHC expression of ER and PR and their prognostic significance in @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ). METHODS: We identified 43 "high-grade" uterine @entity1822 cases from 7/82-7/07 for whom ER/PR IHC analysis was performed at initial diagnosis at our institution. RESULTS: Disease was confined to the uterine body in 20/43 (47%). Eighteen (42%) of 43 were ER(+); 17/42 (41%) were PR(+). At last follow-up, 33 (77%) had recurred or progressed, and 23 (54%) had died. PR expression was associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS; P=0.002) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ; P=0.03) overall; ER expression was not. After adjusting for stage, ER expression was associated with PFS (P=0.01), not @entity1349 (P=0.3), and PR expression maintained a significant association with PFS (P=0.002) and approached a significant association with @entity1349 (P=0.05). Neither ER nor PR expression was associated with outcome in cases with disease outside the uterine body. In cases with confined disease, median PFS for ER(+) or PR(+) cases was not reached compared to 16.9 months for ER(-) cases (95% CI: 8.1-25.7; P=0.03) and 13.5 months for PR(-) cases (95% CI: 5.9-21.1; P=0.001). Only 1/10 PR(+) cases recurred and died; 9/10 PR(-) cases recurred, and 5 died. Two of 9 ER(+) cases recurred and died; 8/11 ER(-) cases recurred, and 4 died. CONCLUSION: ER/PR expression is associated with survival outcomes in @entity1 with high-grade uterine @entity1822 confined to the uterine body. PR expression seems capable of identifying cases confined to the uterine body, which have better outcomes.

title: Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and outcomes in XXXX with newly diagnosed @entity1822 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyosarcoma', 'LMS']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity454 , in whom all standard medical and surgical treatment has failed or is not expected to be effective, can be treated by stimulated graciloplasty. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of stimulated graciloplasty by both direct nerve and intramuscular perineural stimulation techniques and to evaluate various parameters relative to outcome. METHODS: A prospective analysis of all @entity1 who underwent this procedure was undertaken. All @entity1 were preoperatively investigated by anal manometry, electromyography, pudendal nerve terminal motor latency assessment, endoanal ultrasound, and an enema retention test. They were further assessed with an @entity322 scoring system and a Quality of Life Questionnaire. Postoperative evaluation included anorectal manometry, @entity322 score registry, and a Quality of Life Questionnaire. In our initial experience the stimulation system electrodes were fixed directly to the nerve (direct nerve stimulation graciloplasty); later in the study the stimulation system electrodes were fixed intramuscularly close to the nerve branches (intramuscular perineural stimulation graciloplasty). RESULTS: From May 1993 to February 1998, 27 @entity1 underwent 33 gracilis transpositions for @entity1241 , 30 of which were stimulated. Six of the @entity1 with direct nerve stimulation graciloplasty eventually had the direct nerve stimulator removed and replaced with an intramuscular electrode stimulator. After an mean follow-up (until the time of exit from study) of 12.5 (range, 1-23) months for direct nerve stimulation graciloplasty and 21 (range, 8-27) months for intramuscular perineural stimulation graciloplasty, 13 graciloplasties (43 percent) were successful. There was no correlation between outcome of surgery and age, duration or cause of symptoms, body habitus, manometric or electromyographic parameters, prior sphincter repair, the presence of a pre-existing stoma, or any immediate @entity260 . However, the number of @entity1 with intramuscular perineural stimulation graciloplasty who had a successful outcome (continent, 69 percent; improved but not fully continent, 23 percent; incontinent, 8 percent) was significantly higher than @entity1 with direct nerve stimulation graciloplasty (improved but not fully continent, 10 percent; incontinent, 90 percent). CONCLUSION: The success of stimulated graciloplasty is dependent on the method of nerve stimulation, whereas surprisingly, none of the many other factors assessed influenced outcome.

title: Stimulated graciloplasty for treatment of intractable XXXX : critical influence of the method of stimulation.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: This study was aimed to assess the effects of cyclic biaxial mechanical stimulation on the invasion capacity in vitro and on the expression of @entity1495 in the salivary @entity2347 (SACC) high metastatic cell lines ACC-M, and in the SACC low metastatic cell lines @entity1938 . We observed the functions of mechanical stimulation in the invasion of cell in vitro and investigated the mechanism involved in the invasion of SACC. Mechanical stimuli were applied to the cells for periods of 1, 3 and 6 hours daily, lasting 2 days. The mechanical stimuli applied to the cells were 4000 micro strain and 1000 micro strain, at a frequency of three hertz. Unstrained cells were used as control. The expressions of @entity1495 on ACC-M and @entity1938 were studied with laser scanning confocal microscope and image analysis software. In vitro invasion capacity of @entity1938 and ACC-M cells was determined by Transwell. The results showed the expression of @entity1495 on the cell of ACC-M was obvious by higher than that on @entity1938 . @entity1495 was closely related with the invasion and @entity3 of SACC. The mechanical stimulation changed the expression of @entity1495 and the invasion capacity in different duration of mechanical stimulations. Mechanical stimulation can adjust the invasion capacity and expression of @entity1495 . It can promote @entity3 of the @entity5 . Moreover, some protein other than @entity1495 may play an important role in the @entity3 of the @entity5 .

title: [Effect of mechanical stimulation on the invasion in salivary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: Seventy-eight @entity1 of average age 78 years suffering from an unilateral non-pathological @entity173 underwent compression ultrasound and pulsed and colour Doppler examination of both legs. Twenty-three @entity1 were randomly placed on low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Twenty-nine (37%) suffered @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of @entity1150 between the control and LMWH groups, and the incidence of @entity1150 in elderly Chinese @entity1 after hip replacement for a @entity173 is similar to that in other studies in Caucasians. There were, however, some differences, namely the contiguous nature of the thrombi rather than focal segmental clots, and the absence of propagation or tail formation. Although the numbers are small, this could possibly represent a population difference. There was a significantly increased occurrence of DVTs on the operated side in both groups. Serial ultrasound examination supports evidence that DVTs occur in the 1st week postoperatively, but there were also a number of @entity1 who developed DVTs in the 2nd week. There was no statistically significant difference in overall incidence of @entity1150 between @entity1 on prophylactic heparin and the control group. @entity1 on prophylactic heparin had no thigh DVTs in comparison to the control group. LMWH may thus be effective in preventing thigh @entity1151 .

title: @entity1150 in elderly Hong Kong Chinese with XXXX detected with compression ultrasound and Doppler imaging: incidence and effect of low molecular weight heparin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['DVTs and pulmonary emboli']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: In @entity19 epidermal @entity105 , topical applications of @entity205 ( @entity870 ), an immunosuppressant, have been reported to suppress @entity864 ( @entity865 ) promotion. In the present study, we compared the effects of p.o. versus topical CsA on @entity865 promotion of @entity19 @entity1489 and on @entity865 -induced @entity1373 . In the first series, groups of male Swiss Webster @entity19 were initiated with @entity3653 (200 nmol), and 3 days later they were placed on a basal diet or a diet containing 0.015% CsA. Then both groups of @entity19 were promoted twice weekly with @entity865 (10 nmol) for 22 wk and observed for an additional 13 wk without @entity865 . No significant difference was observed in the incidence of @entity272 between the 2 groups. By contrast, the incidences of @entity957 in the @entity19 maintained on CsA and basal diet were 67% and 28%, respectively. In the second series, the @entity19 initiated with 200 nmol of @entity3653 were treated twice weekly with 10 or 5 nmol of @entity865 for 24 wk. Ten to 15 min prior to each @entity865 application, one group received topical CsA in @entity1324 (1 mg/ @entity19 ), and the other @entity1324 . There was a significant inhibition of @entity865 promotion in the @entity19 given topical CsA. Topical and p.o. CsA had no significant effect on @entity1373 induced by 4- to 8-wk treatment of @entity865 . The @entity19 given topical CsA showed less inflammatory cell infiltrates in the dermis than the @entity19 without CsA. The results indicate that the effect of CsA on @entity865 promotion of @entity1489 depends on its routes of administration, and the p.o. administration enhances the progression of @entity1185 to @entity957 .

title: Effects of oral versus topical administration of @entity205 on phorbol ester promotion of @entity19 epidermal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin papillomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: Small cell (neuroendocrine) @entity2622 (SMCC) is a rare, highly aggressive @entity5 . Both conventional and liquid-based cytology (LBC) cervical smears have low sensitivity in diagnosing SMCC, requiring immunocytochemical (ICH) confirmation. We present the first series of SMCC primarily diagnosed in cytology specimens, and ICH studies performed on the residual LBC specimens with subsequent confirmation of the diagnosis on surgical pathology specimens. Immunocytochemical stains for keratin, @entity986 , and neuroendocrine markers ( @entity5473 , chromogranin, @entity2940 ) were performed on additional ThinPrep slides. HPV test used chromogenic in situ hybridization high risk HPV DNA probe. The @entity975 smears in all three specimens were highly cellular with a mixture of squamous cells and numerous well-preserved single or small cohesive clusters of malignant epithelial cells. @entity5 cells were small, monomorphic with minimal cytoplasm and high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. There was significant nuclear overlap, but no nuclear molding, or smudging of nuclear chromatin. The chromatin pattern was stippled. A background @entity5 diathesis was prominent. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) were noted in one case, and markedly abnormal squamous cells were seen in another case. The main cytology differential diagnoses included high-grade @entity2784 and an @entity1204 . Immunocytochemical positivity for the neuroendocrine markers supported the diagnoses of SMCC in all three cases. The morphologic features of the concurrent surgical pathology specimens were typical of SMCC. The tissue diagnoses were also confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Our study allows us to conclude that SMCC can be primarily diagnosed in LBC specimens using a panel of immunocytochemical stains.

title: Small cell carcinoma of the cervix in liquid-based XXXX test: utilization of split-sample immunocytochemical and molecular analysis.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesion']

answer: @entity975 :: (5068,Gene) :: ['Pap']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) respond poorly to chemotherapy. @entity9433 is a dual inhibitor of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and @entity1722 , both implicated in cholangiocarcinogenesis. This trial was designed to determine the safety and efficacy of @entity9433 in BC. METHODS: A Fleming phase II design with a single stage of 25 @entity1 was used. The dose of @entity9433 was 1,500 mg/day administered orally in 28-day cycles. @entity5 and blood specimens were analyzed for expression of @entity1722 and @entity470 . RESULTS: Nine @entity1 with BC enrolled in this study. The study was terminated early because of futility. The most common @entity137 were @entity390 and @entity1295 (78%) and @entity294 (67%). No responses were observed. Of 8 evaluable @entity1 , 4 (50%) had stable disease. Median progression-free survival was 2.6 months (95% CI 1.6-4.4) and median overall survival was 5.1 months (95% CI 2.0-16.5). No somatic mutations in @entity470 (exons 18-21) or @entity1722 /neu were found. We did not find evidence of @entity1722 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9433 is well tolerated but failed to show activity as a single agent in treating @entity1 with BC. Despite the small @entity1 population, our study is consistent with previous findings, suggesting that targeting @entity1722 does not appear to be an effective therapy for BC.

title: XXXX may not be an interesting target in @entity5 : results of an early phase II study with @entity9433 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['BCs', 'Tumor', 'Biliary cancers']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib', 'Lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2/neu']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Monitor lizards are large reptilian animals mostly seen around water based habitats. Sri Lanka has an endemic @entity34900 lizard called the kabaragoya ( @entity34900 salvator) which is perhaps the most common large animal scavenger in the country. Scavenging by the kabaragoya can result in postmortem incised @entity130 which are caused by their sharp pointed claws as they grip or crawl over a dead body. The author presents four cases where these claw marks raised significant medicolegal issues. In one case of a young female they mimicked @entity130 that might be seen in a @entity1 that was killed with heavy sharp weapon @entity130 to the head. In another case, claw marks on the face raised homicidal allegations in an immersion @entity204 following intoxication. In a case of suicidal drowning these @entity130 simulated self-inflicted cuts. The fourth case shows how claw marks complicated the investigation of a dismembered upper limb. Kabaragoya claw marks are mostly seen in decomposed and macerated bodies recovered from water. Injuries are mostly superficial and limited to skin and soft tissues. Bony @entity130 are not seen. Awareness of the creature's scavenging habits and careful analysis of the appearance and distribution of the @entity130 is essential to differentiate claw marks from sharp weapon @entity130 .

title: Artefactual incised wounds due to postmortem predation by the Sri Lankan XXXX (kabaragoya).

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'defense injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity34900 :: ('62051', 'Species') :: ['Varanus salvator', 'water monitor']

answer: @entity34900 :: (62051,Species) :: ['water monitor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infantile @entity28222 is characterized by proliferation of benign @entity5 arising in skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, or bone. Solitary and multicentric forms are described. Few reports are available in the pediatric population. PROCEDURE: To improve the knowledge of this rare @entity5 in @entity1 , the authors present a series of all cases of @entity14972 treated in their institution over a 9-year period in order to propose treatment guidelines based on their experience and a review of the literature. RESULTS: The authors report a series of 9 cases, 8 solitary forms and 1 multicentric form with visceral involvement treated from 2000 to 2009. Median age was 10 months (range: 2 days-14 years). Six @entity1 with solitary forms underwent primary surgical resection leading to remission. Only biopsy was performed in 1 case, followed by @entity5 regression with no recurrence. The last @entity1 with a solitary form was treated by chemotherapy and then surgery allowing remission. The @entity1 with a multicentric form presented complete regression of @entity5 after 1 year of @entity5713 and @entity1499 combination chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Infantile @entity28222 is a rare soft tissue @entity5 mainly concerning @entity1 . Surgery is the treatment of choice for solitary forms when excision is possible. Close follow-up may be proposed in the case of inoperable sites. In multicentric life-threatening forms, chemotherapy promotes @entity5 regression and the @entity5713 and @entity1499 combination is effective with few long-term adverse effects.

title: Risk-adapted therapy for XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'fibrous tumors']

entities_list: @entity14972 :: ('MESH:C562978', 'Disease') :: ['infantile myofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity28222 :: ('MESH:D018224', 'Disease') :: ['myofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity14972 :: (MESH:C562978,Disease) :: ['infantile myofibromatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity12390 ( @entity12390 ) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disease that attacks mainly cartilaginous structures or causes serious damage in proteoglycan-rich structures (the eyes, heart, blood vessels, inner ear). This study shows results regarding the epidemiology, progression, and associations of this highly variable disease by collecting all cases from a 124-million- @entity1 -year Central European nationwide cohort. METHODS: We used the Hungarian Health Care Database to identify all @entity1 with possible @entity12390 . We followed @entity1 who had International Classification of Diseases 10th edition code M94.1 at least once in their inpatient or outpatient records between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2013 in Hungary. We classified these @entity1 into disease severity groups by their drug consumption patterns between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2013. We analyzed the regional distribution of @entity12390 incidences as well. Overall maps of comorbidity are presented with network layouts. RESULTS: We identified 256 @entity1 with @entity12390 among cumulatively 11.5 million registered inhabitants. We classified these @entity1 into four severity classes as "extremely mild" (n=144), "mild" (n=22), "moderate" (n=41), and "severe" (n=4). Two additional groups were defined for @entity1 without available drug data as "suspected only" (n=23) and "confirmed but unknown treatment" (n=22). The age and sex distributions of @entity1 were similar to worldwide statistics. Indeed, the overall survival was good (95% confidence interval for 5 years was 83.6%-92.9% and for 10 years was 75.0%-88.3% which corresponds to the overall survival of the general population in Hungary), and the associations with other @entity792 were high (56%) in Hungary. Almost any disease can occur with @entity12390 ; however, the symptoms of @entity2008 are only incidental. Spondylosis can be a sign of the activation of @entity12390 , while Sj  gren syndrome is the most frequent autoimmune association. Regional distribution of incidences suggests @entity3494 drinking water and sunlight exposure as possible triggering factors. CONCLUSION: The good survival rate of @entity12390 in Hungary is probably associated with the early diagnosis of the disease.

title: A nationwide study of the epidemiology of relapsing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity12390 :: ('MESH:D011081', 'Disease') :: ['Relapsing polychondritis', 'RP infection', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

answer: @entity12390 :: (MESH:D011081,Disease) :: ['polychondritis']


abstract: Several hepatic peroxisome proliferators (HHPs) such as @entity5248 ( @entity5248 ), @entity5247 , @entity12880 and @entity27156 , induce morphological transformation of @entity329 embryo (SHE) cells in vitro. According to one hypothesis, the hepatocarcinogenic effect of HPPs is caused by an oxidative stress due to increased @entity274 -production from the strongly induced peroxisomal beta-oxidation of @entity1718 . Thus, increased transformation frequencies by HPPs should be obtained when @entity19654 was inhibited by @entity7083 ( @entity7083 ). However, co-exposure to HPPs and @entity7083 did not enhance the transformation frequencies for any of the HPPs. The sensitivity of SHE cells for oxidative agents was studied by using @entity8197 and @entity274 . @entity8197 only induced transformation at a toxic concentration, while @entity274 induced transformation at non-toxic concentrations. To study the generation of oxidative radicals in SHE cells, electron spin resonance was employed. No oxidative radical formation was detected in @entity27156 - or @entity5248 -exposed SHE cells. When @entity8197 or @entity274 were added during the measurements, oxidative radicals were found. A transmission electron microscopic study showed a small number of peroxisomes, and did not reveal any increase in the number of peroxisomes in clofibrate-treated SHE cells.

title: Role of @entity19654 and oxidative stress in hepatic peroxisome proliferator-induced morphological transformation of XXXX embryo cells.

entities_list: @entity5247 :: ('MESH:C016599', 'Chemical') :: ['mono(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate']

entities_list: @entity12880 :: ('MESH:D002994', 'Chemical') :: ['clofibrate']

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['Menadione', 'menadione']

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['DEHP', 'di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate']

entities_list: @entity7083 :: ('MESH:D000640', 'Chemical') :: ['3-amino-1,2,4-triazole', 'amitrole']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamster']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between types of chronic conditions combinations and initial @entity5 treatment among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with @entity263 . METHODS: A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database. The study cohort consisted of elderly @entity1 (>=  66 years) with @entity263 diagnosed between 2002 and 2009 (N = 98,264). The initial @entity5 treatment received during the 6 months after @entity5 diagnosis consisted of (i) radical prostatectomy (RP); (ii) @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ); (iii) hormone therapy; and (iv) no treatment. Pre-existing chronic conditions were classified into the following eight groups: (i) only @entity558 ( @entity558 ); (ii) only @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ); (iii) only respiratory conditions (RESP); (iv) @entity558 and @entity1032 ; (v) @entity558 and RESP; (vi) @entity1032 and RESP; (vii) all three conditions, @entity558 , @entity1032 and RESP; and (viii) none of the three types of conditions. RESULTS: Only 20% did not receive any @entity5 treatment; 47.4%, 22.1% and 10.5% received @entity1161 , RP, and hormone therapy, respectively. In multinomial logistic regression, elderly @entity1 with only RESP were more likely to receive RP as compared with those with all the three types of chronic conditions; those with only @entity558 , only RESP, @entity558 and @entity1032 or @entity558 and RESP were more likely to receive @entity1161 . No significant associations were observed between the receipt of hormone therapy and types of chronic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of elderly @entity1 with chronic conditions have received aggressive initial @entity5 treatment. Our study findings suggest a conservative approach for the @entity263 treatment among elderly @entity1 with significant chronic conditions and @entity263 .

title: Types of chronic conditions combinations and initial XXXX treatment among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic conditions', 'CM']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health conditions', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localised prostate cancer', 'initial prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The neurotransmitter @entity2227 plays a pivotal role in the development of the neuropathological sequelae following acute @entity410 . Our previous data proved the efficacy of the @entity143 -receptor antagonists on the symptoms, survival and neuronal activation in the @entity973 (4-AP) induced @entity410 . In this study, we examined the effects of two different doses of a non-competitive, selective, allosteric @entity140 -receptor antagonist, @entity18713 . @entity18713 was effective in prolonging the latency to generalised @entity410 and reduction of @entity410 mortality. However, the effects on neuronal @entity1639 expression and astrocyte swelling were complex. The 25mg/kg dose of @entity18713 was effective in reducing the @entity1639 immunoreactivity (IR) in the hippocampus only. In the neocortex the overall @entity1639 -IR cell counts were increased significantly. Investigation of the neocortical parvalbumin-containing interneuron population proved that @entity18713 decreased @entity1639 expression. The 50mg/kg dose of @entity18713 significantly reduced the @entity1639 -IR in the neo- and allocortex, not only in principal neurons, but also in the parvalbumin-positive interneurons. The @entity18713 -pretreatment did not prevent the astrocyte swelling in the investigated cortical areas; thus we conclude that the @entity140 -receptors have little if any involvement in the in the mediation of neuropathological alterations in acute @entity410 .

title: Blockade of @entity140 -receptors attenuates @entity973 @entity410 , decreases the activation of inhibitory neurons but is ineffective against XXXX -related astrocytic swelling.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine-']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: The impact of activating @entity9371 (aKIR) and inhibitory @entity9371 (iKIR) on @entity3012 , relapse-related mortality (RRM) and acute GVHD (aGVHD) was prospectively studied in 84 adults with high-risk @entity1583 receiving reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) T-cell depleted hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) from haploidentical related donors. In this clinical model, freedom from RRM is dependent on GVL effect. @entity1 were divided into myeloid (n=49) and lymphoid (n=35) malignancy groups. @entity9371 -ligand and ligand-ligand models were studied in both GVH and rejection directions and statistically correlated with outcome measures. In the myeloid group, @entity3012 was higher (P=0.009) and RRM was lower (P=0.036) in @entity1 missing HLA-C group2 ligand to donor iKIR. @entity3012 was higher if @entity1 had >1 missing ligand (P=0.018). In @entity706 , missing ligand to donor @entity9371 had no impact on @entity3012 or RRM. However, @entity3012 was better with donor aKIR 2DS2 (P=0.028). There was a trend towards shorter @entity3012 in recipient with @entity16304 , 2DS5 and 3DS1, although sample sizes were too small to provide inferential statistics. Findings in @entity706 @entity1 should be further studied. These results suggest that the absence of appropriate HLA ligands in the recipient to donor iKIR may induce GVL without aGVHD in @entity5 @entity1 undergoing TCD-RIC transplants.

title: Differential impact of inhibitory and activating @entity9371 ( @entity9371 ) on high-risk @entity1 with myeloid and XXXX undergoing reduced intensity transplantation from haploidentical related donors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid malignancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of a third-generation chemotherapy regimen in the adjuvant setting to radically operated @entity1 with @entity356 . This proposed new adjuvant regimen was also compared with a consecutive retrospective cohort of @entity1 treated with the classic McDonald regimen. METHODS: Starting in 2006, a non-randomized prospective phase II study was conducted at the Institute of Oncology of Cluj-Napoca on 40 @entity1 with stage IB-IV radically resected @entity356 . These @entity1 were administered a chemotherapy regimen already considered to be standard treatment in the metastatic setting: ECX ( @entity1259 , @entity900 , xeloda) and were compared to a retrospective control group consisting of 54 @entity1 , treated between 2001 and 2006 according to McDonald's trial. RESULTS: In a previous paper, we reported @entity137 and the possible predictive factors for these @entity137 ; in the present article, we report on the results concerning predictive factors on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease free survival (DFS). The proposed ECX treatment was not less effective than the standard suggested by McDonald's trial. Age was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. N3 stage was an independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 and DFS. N ratio >70% was an independent predictive factor for @entity1349 and locoregional disease control. The resection margins were independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 and DFS. CONCLUSION: The proposed treatment is not less effective compared with the McDonald's trial. Age was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. N3 stage represented an independent prognostic factor and N ratio >70% was a predictive factor for @entity1349 and DFS. The resection margins were proven to be independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 and DFS.

title: Results of third-generation @entity1259 / XXXX /xeloda adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with radically resected @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity9 is intense in nature and difficult to manage. Thus, the primary goal is maximum relief from @entity158 . The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of sustained-release @entity4481 and @entity7614 in reducing @entity9 in Indian @entity1 , in the real-life situation. METHODS: This was a multicenter, prospective, open-labeled, single-arm, observational, 14-day study. @entity1 received fixed dose combination of 75 or 150 mg sustained-release @entity4481 combined with 1500 mcg immediate release @entity7614 , depending on the clinical requirement. Data was collected for @entity158 reduction and other positive and negative symptoms associated with @entity16 , including @entity17401 , @entity809 , numbness/ @entity809 , @entity425 , @entity25 , and @entity717 . @entity158 intensity was measured on a ten-point visual analog scale (VAS) (0 represented "no @entity158 ," and 10 represented "worst @entity158 ever"). The safety of the drug was also evaluated throughout the study duration. Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. RESULTS: The overall reduction in mean VAS score over 14 days was 72.3%. The reduction in mean VAS score was significant as early as the first week. Both positive and negative symptoms of @entity1897 were significantly improved in >50% @entity1 within the 2 weeks. Giddiness (4.7%), followed by sedation (3.6%), dizziness (2.9%), drowsiness (2.3%), and @entity390 (2.3%) were the most commonly observed adverse effects. The overall efficacy and tolerability was rated as good to excellent by >95% of the investigators and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Fixed dose combination of sustained-release @entity4481 and @entity7614 significantly reduced @entity9 , with significant improvement in both the positive and negative symptoms associated with @entity16 , in Indian @entity1 and was well tolerated.

title: Sustained-release XXXX with @entity7614 in @entity9 : an Indian real-life experience.

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['tingling, burning sensation', 'paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of movement']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity17401 :: ('MESH:D006941', 'Disease') :: ['hyperesthesia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity7614 :: ('MESH:C019476', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcobalamin']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['pregabalin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical outcome of @entity1 whose mothers were taking @entity500 while nursing and to quantify the transfer of @entity4446 ( @entity7275 ), its active metabolite, into breast milk. CASE SUMMARY: We report on a series of 4 @entity1 treated with @entity500 while lactating. Breast milk samples were analyzed for @entity7275 in 2 of the mothers. Several milk samples per @entity1 were analyzed; levels of @entity7275 were undetectable by high performance liquid chromatography (limit of detection 5 ng/mL). Therefore, the absolute relative @entity1 dose would have been less than 0.09% of the maternal weight-adjusted dose. No adverse effects were encountered in any of the 4 @entity1 . DISCUSSION: A large number of @entity1 of reproductive age are treated with @entity500 for a range of chronic conditions that require immunosuppression, such as @entity1252 or solid organ transplants. Similar to other antimetabolites, the drug has generally been contraindicated for use during breast-feeding because of the theoretical concern for @entity137 in the nursing @entity1 . The available literature in this area is sparse and dated. The data presented here confirm published reports of minimal @entity7275 excretion into milk, suggesting that significant systemic adverse effects in the @entity1 are unlikely. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal @entity500 use during lactation does not appear to pose a significant immediate clinical risk to the suckling @entity1 . Continued monitoring and long-term assessment of these @entity1 are warranted.

title: Breast-feeding during maternal use of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['azathioprine']


abstract: A prospective randomized trial was performed to compare complications and function after hand sewn @entity254 with mucosectomy (group A) with @entity254 without mucosectomy (group B) during restorative proctocolectomy. Thirty-two age- and sex-matched consecutive @entity1 under the care of one surgeon were randomized. The median duration of @entity384 while making the @entity254 was 19 min (range 14-33 min) and 1 min (range 0-39 min) in groups A and B respectively (P less than 0.005). The median level of the @entity254 was at the dentate line (range 0-0.5 cm) in group A and 2 cm above the dentate line (range 0.2-4.0 cm) in group B (P less than 0.005). Seven @entity1 in group A and 11 in group B had at least one @entity260 (n.s.). One @entity1 in group A and four in group B developed an anastomotic stricture requiring dilatation (n.s.). One @entity1 in group B had the reservoir removed. Function was assessed at a median of 11 months (range 7-15 months) after ileostomy closure in 14 @entity1 in group A, and at a median of 12 months (range 5-17 months) in 14 @entity1 in group B. Median frequency of defaecation per 24 h was 4 in both groups (group A, range 2-7; group B, range 2-10). Night evacuation (greater than once per week) occurred in seven @entity1 in each group. All @entity1 in both groups could delay the desire to defaecate by more than 30 min. Eleven @entity1 in group A and 12 in group B had normal continence. Evidence to date favours a full mucosectomy. Function is not vitiated by this technique and surgical @entity66 is more complete.

title: Prospective randomized trial comparing anal function after hand sewn @entity254 with mucosectomy versus XXXX without mucosectomy in restorative proctocolectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['anal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['ileoanal anastomosis', 'anastomosis', 'stapled ileoanal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['stapled ileoanal anastomosis']


abstract: Importance: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is a prevalent risk factor for @entity409 and @entity65 . Objective: To compare the effects of moderate and vigorous exercise on intrahepatic @entity412 content and metabolic risk factors among @entity1 with @entity1561 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : In this randomized clinical trial, @entity1 with @entity1144 and @entity1561 were recruited from community-based screening in Xiamen, China, from December 1, 2011, through December 25, 2013. Data analysis was performed from August 28, 2015, through December 15, 2015. Interventions: @entity1 were randomly assigned to vigorous-moderate exercise (jogging 150 minutes per week at 65%-80% of maximum heart rate for 6 months and brisk walking 150 minutes per week at 45%-55% of maximum heart rate for another 6 months), moderate exercise (brisk walking 150 minutes per week for 12 months), or no exercise. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcome, change in intrahepatic @entity412 content measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 6 and 12 months; secondary outcomes, changes in body weight, waist circumference, body fat, and metabolic risk factors. Results: A total of 220 individuals (mean [SD] age, 53.9 [7.1] years; 149 @entity1 [67.7%]) were randomly assigned to control (n   =   74), moderate exercise (n   =   73), and vigorous-moderate exercise (n   =   73) groups. Of them, 211 (95.9%) completed the 6-month follow-up visit; 208 (94.5%) completed the 12-month follow-up visit. Intrahepatic @entity412 content was reduced by 5.0% (95% CI, -7.2% to 2.8%; P   <   .001) in the vigorous-moderate exercise group and 4.2% (95% CI, -6.3% to -2.0%; P   <   .001) in the moderate exercise group compared with the control group at the 6-month assessment. It was reduced by 3.9% (95% CI, -6.0% to -1.7%; P   <   .001) in the vigorous-moderate exercise group and 3.5% (95% CI, -5.6% to -1.3%; P   =   .002) in the moderate exercise group compared with the control group at the 12-month assessment. Changes in intrahepatic @entity412 content were not significantly different between vigorous-moderate and moderate exercise at the 6- or 12-month assessment. Body weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were significantly reduced in the vigorous-moderate exercise group compared with the moderate exercise and control groups at the 6-month assessment and in the vigorous-moderate and moderate exercise groups compared with the control group at the 12-month assessment. In addition, body fat was significantly reduced in the vigorous-moderate exercise group compared with the moderate exercise and control groups at the 12-month assessment. After adjusting for @entity353 , the net changes in intrahepatic @entity412 content were diminished and became nonsignificant between the exercise and control groups (except for the moderate exercise group at the 6-month assessment). Conclusions and Relevance: Vigorous and moderate exercise were equally effective in reducing intrahepatic @entity412 content; the effect appeared to be largely mediated by @entity353 . Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01418027.

title: Effects of Moderate and Vigorous Exercise on XXXX : A Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'woman', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Carbapenems are therapeutic choice against @entity281 caused by gram-negative bacilli including strains of @entity3064 . Resistance to these antibiotics is mediated by efflux pumps, porins, PBPs and   -lactamases. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of existence of MBLs, OXAs and GES-1 betalactamase genes among clinical isolates of @entity3064 collected from Tehran hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and three @entity3064 isolates were collected from @entity1 at Tehran hospitals. The isolates were identified using biochemical tests. The susceptibility to different antibiotics was evaluated by disk diffusion method and MICs of @entity2892 were determined using Micro broth dilution method (CLSI). PCR was performed for detection of bla(VIM-2), bla(SPM-1), bla(IMP-2), bla(GES-1), bla(OXA-51), bla( @entity15799 ) betalactamase genes. Clonal relatedness was estimated by PFGE with the restriction enzyme SmaI. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of 100 isolates of @entity2892 resistant @entity3064 spp. collected from Tehran hospitals in 2009 and 2010, 6 isolates produced metallo-beta-lactamases and 94 isolates produced OXA-type carbapenemase. The bla(SPM-1), bla(GES-1), bla(OXA-51), bla( @entity15799 ) genes were detected by PCR among 6, 2, 94 and 84 isolates of A. baumannii, respectively. The MICs of isolates to @entity2892 were 8-128   g/mL. PFGE analysis of 29 bla(OXA-51) and bla( @entity15799 )-positive A. baumannii isolates gave 6 different patterns. This is the first report of SPM-1 and GES-1 beta-lactamase producing A. baumannii. Production of the @entity15799 , OXA-51, GES-1 and SPM-1 enzyme presents an emerging threat of @entity2893 resistance among A. baumannii in Iran.

title: Isolation and genetic characterization of metallo-b-lactamase and carbapenamase producing strains of XXXX from @entity1 at Tehran hospitals.

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter', 'Acinetobacter baumannii']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Therapeutic strategies for @entity1 with @entity30 are based on American and European guidelines. High rates of corticosteroid dependency and low remission rates are identified as weaknesses of this therapy and as justification for early introduction of biologic agents (top-down treatment) in moderate/severe @entity30 . We reviewed outcomes and corticosteroid-dependency rates of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe disease who were treated according to the international guidelines. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 (102) newly diagnosed with @entity30 in 2000-2002 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Severity of disease was scored using the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI). Disease was classified by Montreal classification. Five-year follow-up data were recorded. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity1 had moderate/severe disease at diagnosis (HBI >8). Fifty-four (75%) had nonstricturing, nonpenetrating disease (B1). Sixty-four (89%) received @entity288 , and 44 (61%) received immunomodulators. Twenty-one @entity1 (29%) received infliximab. Thirty-nine @entity1 (54%) required resection surgery. At a median of 5 years, 66 of 72 (92%) @entity1 with moderate/severe disease were in remission (median HBI, 1). Twenty-five @entity1 (35%) required neither surgery nor biologic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: When international treatment guidelines are strictly followed, @entity30 @entity1 can achieve high rates of remission and low rates of morbidity at 5 years. Indiscriminate use of biologic agents therefore is not appropriate for all @entity1 with moderate-to-severe disease.

title: A 5-year prospective observational study of the outcomes of international treatment guidelines for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To reveal the CT and MR imaging features of @entity1962 of @entity788 (ASqC) in eight @entity1 . METHODS: This study was approved by our institutional review board. Eight @entity1 with ASqC were included in this study. Radiologic and pathologic findings were reviewed in each lesion. Additionally, radiologic imaging findings were compared between ASqC and controlled @entity420 groups. RESULTS: Significant differences between ASqC and @entity420 groups were noted in lesion shape, enhancement pattern on dynamic CT images, the presence or absence of @entity39 , and @entity5 thrombus in the portal vein (PV) system. Compared with @entity420 , ASqC tended to be round-lobulated shape (100% vs. 57.6%), have @entity39 portions (100% vs. 39.4%), and have @entity5 thrombus in the PV system (37.5% vs. 6.1%). @entity39 was found in six (75%) of ASqC lesions. More lesions in ASqC group (62.5% vs. 12.1%) showed the highest absolute attenuation on pancreatic arterial phase (PAP) or portal venous phase (PVP) images, although the average attenuation values of all ASqC lesions on PAP, PVP, and delayed phase images were almost the same. Five (83.3%) of six resected lesions appeared as nodular type macroscopically. Microscopically, all lesions did not show infiltrating growth pattern, but showed an intermediate growth pattern, and were surrounded incompletely by fibrous tissue. CONCLUSIONS: ASqC tended to be a round-lobulated lesion with extensive central @entity39 . Additionally, @entity5 thrombus in the PV system was often present. These CT and MR imaging features could be a useful clue for diagnosing ASqC.

title: XXXX of @entity788 : CT and MR imaging features in eight @entity1 , with pathologic correlations and comparison with @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis', 'Extensive central necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1962 :: (MESH:D018196,Disease) :: ['Adenosquamous carcinoma']


abstract: Saffan, as a type of @entity134 anaesthetic, was tested to demonstrate the effect of its administration on liver function in @entity1237 . For this purpose, 40 healthy animals were divided into 4 equal groups. The 1st 2 groups were given 2 or 4 mg saffan/kg body weight (B.W.), respectively. A mixture of @entity28191 (1 mg) and @entity4763 (0.1 mg)/kg B.W. was given to the 3rd group. @entity4763 alone was offered to the 4th group in a concentration of 0.1 mg/kg B.W. Serum samples from all groups were analysed to measure the quantities of @entity413 , total protein, total and direct @entity648 as well as the activity levels of transaminases. Increased @entity413 levels resulted from administration of saffan which evoked more hyperglycaemia than its mixture with @entity4763 or @entity4763 alone. The hyperglycaemic effect of both doses of saffan was equivocal beyond 2 hours. The effect then differed, and @entity413 elevation reached the 4 fold level by 2 mg saffan and the 3 fold level by 4 mg. Total serum protein, direct and total @entity648 as well as @entity28192 and GOT were not changed in the 4 experimental groups. This was a good indication to normal liver function in the course of administration of @entity134 anaesthetics to @entity1237 .

title: Biochemical effect of XXXX anaesthesia on some liver function tests in @entity1237 .

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine', 'Xylazine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Aquatic stability and impact of @entity6701 nanoparticles ( @entity3759 NPs, 10-30  nm) were investigated using Artemia salina. Acute exposure was conducted on nauplii (larvae) and adults in seawater in a concentration range from 10 to 100  mg/L @entity3759 NPs for 24 and 96  h. @entity1423 occurred in all suspensions of @entity3759 NPs to form micrometer size particles. Yet, both nauplii and adults accumulated the aggregates significantly. Average @entity3759 content in nauplii ranged from 0.47 to 3.19 and from 1.29 to 4.43  mg/g in 24 and 96  h, respectively. Accumulation in adults was higher ranging from 2.30 to 4.19 and from 4.38 to 6.20  mg/g in 24 and 96  h, respectively. Phase contrast microscopy images revealed that Artemia were unable to excrete the particles. Thus, the @entity3759 aggregates filled inside the guts. No significant mortality or @entity137 occurred within 24  h at any dose. Lipid peroxidation levels characterized with @entity1234 concentrations were not statistically different from those of the controls (p   >   0.05). These results suggested that suspensions of the @entity3759 NPs were @entity4510 , most likely due to the formation of benign @entity3759 aggregates in water. In contrast, both mortality and lipid peroxidation increased in extended exposure to 96  h. Highest mortality occurred in 100  mg/L @entity3759 NP suspensions; 18  % for nauplii and 14  % for adults (LC50   >   100  mg/L). These effects were attributed to the particle loading inside the guts leading to oxidative stress as a result of @entity73 for a long period of time.

title: Effects of aqueous suspensions of XXXX nanoparticles on Artemia salina: assessment of @entity1423 , accumulation, and @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['Rapid aggregation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired food uptake']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4510 :: ('OMIM:138800', 'Disease') :: ['nontoxic to Artemia']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['titanium dioxide']


abstract: The thyroid hormone analogue, @entity27806 exhibits greater thyromimetic activity in the liver than in the heart. This difference in activity may reflect heterogeneity in the affinity of @entity27806 for different forms of the @entity3938 receptor. A difference in extranuclear transport of the analogue could also account for the different response of these two tissues. To distinguish between these possibilities we have examined the binding of @entity27806 to membrane, cytosolic and nuclear preparations from liver and heart of the primate, @entity5434 . Uptake of @entity27806 into H4 liver cells was low. Binding of [125I] @entity3938 to cell membrane preparations (Kd approximately 3 mumol/l), and to nuclear extracts (Kd approximately 0.2 nmol/l) was displaceable by @entity27806 with a potency 2-5% that of @entity3938 in each case. No significant difference was observed between liver and heart for @entity27806 binding to membranes or nuclear extract. With cytosol, [125I] @entity3938 binding was identical in heart (Kd, 22.7 +/- 10.4 nmol/l) and liver tissue (Kd, 30.3 +/- 11.1 nmol/l). In liver, and in cardiac cytosol after preliminary washing to remove serum, @entity9117 potency was in the order @entity3938 greater than T4 greater than @entity3938 . The ratio of @entity27806 to @entity3938 concentrations which gave 50% displacement was 15.9 +/- 6.8 in the liver; and 152.3 +/- 89.1 in the heart (p less than 0.05). The selective tissue activity of @entity27806 may be related to a reduced affinity of the analogue for the cytosolic binding proteins in the heart, rather than a difference in affinity for various forms of the @entity3938 receptor.

title: The thyroid hormone analogue XXXX and @entity9117 binding sites in mammalian tissues: differences in cytoplasmic binding between liver and heart.

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Macaca fascicularis']

entities_list: @entity9117 :: ('CHEBI:24864', 'Chemical') :: ['iodothyronine']

answer: @entity27806 :: (MESH:C050835,Chemical) :: ['SKF-94901']


abstract: BACKGROUND: the existence of a relationship among @entity32 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) and physical function has been suggested. OBJECTIVE: the aim of the study is to investigate the possible interaction of HDL-C on @entity32 and physical function. DESIGN: cross-sectional study. SETTING: town of Tuscania (Italy). SUBJECTS: all the 329 community-dwelling older @entity1 aged > or =75 years (mean age 79.8 +/- 5.2 years, @entity1 56.2%). METHODS: HDL-C, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity1851 and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) were measured. @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ), instrumental @entity3457 (IADL) and 4-m walking speed were assessed. Linear regression models were performed. RESULTS: given the multiple significant interactions, models were stratified according to HDL-C concentrations. In @entity1 with normal HDL-C concentrations, only @entity650 showed a significant association with IADL (beta = -0.439, SE = 0.176, P = 0.01). In @entity1 with low HDL-C concentrations, all three inflammatory biomarkers were significantly associated with 4-m walking speed and IADL. @entity650 was also significantly associated with @entity3457 (beta = -0.755, SE = 0.259, P = 0.006), whereas borderline significances were reported for @entity1851 and ESR. CONCLUSIONS: the association between @entity32 and physical function is particularly enhanced in elders with low HDL-C concentrations. Though HDL-C may merely act as a wellbeing index, HDL-C concentrations should be considered in studies evaluating @entity32 and physical function.

title: Interaction of HDL @entity165 concentrations on the relationship between physical function and XXXX in community-dwelling older @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['Activities of daily living', 'ADL']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein (CRP)', 'CRP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Several case reports indicate that @entity2893 antibiotics, especially @entity2889 , may decrease the plasma concentrations of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), thus decreasing its therapeutic activity. To investigate the onset, severity, and dose dependency of the interaction between @entity2889 and @entity2052 , the authors carried out a retrospective evaluation of data collected during 24 months from @entity1 hospitalized in a tertiary medical center. The analysis included 36 @entity1 . @entity2052 mean +/- SEM plasma concentration decreased from of 50.8 +/- 4.5 microg/mL to 9.9 +/- 2.1 microg/mL (P < .001) following @entity2889 administration. After discontinuation of @entity2889 , @entity2052 plasma concentrations remained low for 7 days and then gradually increased after 8 to 14 days, reaching values comparable to those before @entity2889 initiation. Different daily @entity2052 doses showed a similar pattern of decreased @entity2052 concentrations. The mean decrease in individual plasma @entity2052 concentration was 82.1% +/- 2.7%. The mean @entity2052 plasma concentration of @entity1 in whom samples were drawn within 24 hours of @entity2889 initiation was 9.9 +/- 3.2 microg/mL. In conclusion, the interaction between @entity2889 and @entity2052 causes a significant decrease in @entity2052 plasma concentration, apparently within 24 hours. As the therapeutic effects of @entity2052 are plasma concentration dependent, the data suggest that these drugs should not be administered concomitantly.

title: @entity1092 plasma concentration decreases in a dose-independent manner following administration of XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

answer: @entity2889 :: (MESH:C059500,Chemical) :: ['meropenem']


abstract: The rapid pace of research in the genetics of @entity1 @entity5 will predictably render any review of the topic out of date by the time of its publication. Prospects for the near future will likely include the identification of a chromosome 3p gene(s) linked with the development of @entity703 and, perhaps, also @entity2 . In addition, the availability from the @entity1 Genome Project of an increasing number of well-characterized markers will accelerate the search for additional @entity1 recessive oncogenes. Many questions still remain about the etiology of @entity2 and how to apply this information for @entity1 care. For example, identification of the cell of origin for small cell and @entity1149 will facilitate our understanding of the development of these @entity5 and improve the possibilities for future preventive strategies. In addition, we now realize that these @entity5 arise from the sequential accumulation of multiple genetic mutations (Table 3; Fig. 1). Therefore, a central question is which of these targets are essential for the process of @entity105 , and whether there is a critical temporal order for this process with a defined premalignant phase in a discrete field of bronchial tissue. In addition, are there genetically inherited susceptibilities to the development of @entity2 (either directly or via variabilities in carcinogen metabolism) that could be accurately identified in the general population? Finally, is there a rate-limiting mutation and will the genetic correction of this defect suffice to restore growth regulation, or will the replacement of multiple gene products be required for @entity5 suppression? We are already witnessing the beginnings of the use of molecular diagnostic markers as a research tool for assigning prognostic information. The expression of neuroendocrine markers in @entity1149 has recently been applied as an indicator of the potential response to combination chemotherapy [15]. Similar methods are being applied to the expression of @entity5 suppressor genes or the presence of somatic mutations in dominant oncogenes such as the ras gene. However, the clinical benefit of this prognostic information with currently available treatment programs is still uncertain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Oncogenes in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['familial renal cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A randomized, masked, 2-arm parallel trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of a @entity5965 ( @entity2499 ) autogenous vaccine to prevent naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivis ( @entity27565 ) in beef @entity291 . HYPOTHESIS: The null hypothesis was that treatment group was not associated with either risk of @entity27565 or last observed weight. ANIMALS: The trial was conducted between May and November 2009 and 2010 on a university-owned farm in Iowa. The vaccine contained 2 randomly selected @entity2499 from @entity27565 cases that occurred at the farm in 2008. @entity291 born between January and May 2009 and 2010 without visible corneal lesions were randomly allocated to receive vaccine (n = 191) or placebo (n = 178). METHODS: Two s.c. doses were administered 21-28 days apart. Allocation to treatment was concealed using bottles marked A or B. Staff observing the animals for @entity27565 could not determine the treatment grouping. The herd met the "at-risk" criteria (ie, >15% @entity27565 in unvaccinated @entity291 and @entity2499 detection in @entity27565 cases). Analysis was "per-protocol". RESULTS: The risk of @entity27565 was 58/185 (31%) in vaccinated @entity291 and 66/173 (38%) in unvaccinated @entity291 (adjusted risk ratio = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.49-1.24). Average weight before sale did not differ between the vaccinated @entity291 (196.6 kg, SD    39.9) and unvaccinated @entity291 (198.1 kg, SD    42.7) (P value = .19). No adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Combination of the study results with previous studies suggests that autogenous @entity2499 vaccines often are ineffective in controlling naturally occurring @entity27565 .

title: A randomized clinical trial evaluating a farm-of-origin autogenous XXXX vaccine to control infectious bovine keratoconjunctivis (pinkeye) in beef @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity5965 :: ('476', 'Species') :: ['Moraxella bovis']

answer: @entity5965 :: (476,Species) :: ['Moraxella bovis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this report is to present our initial, short-term experience with dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty (DBMGU) in @entity1 with @entity3832 . METHODS: Between May 2011 and April 2013, eight @entity1 with moderate to severe bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms due to mid- or distal @entity3832 underwent DBMGU. All @entity1 were evaluated preoperatively with the American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score, uroflowmetry with post-void residual volume (PVR) estimation, urodynamic study, calibration with 14 F catheter, and voiding cystourethrography. Postoperatively, the @entity1 were followed at regular intervals with AUA symptom score, uroflowmetry, and PVR estimation. Increase in AUA symptom score, maximum flow rate (Q(max))   <   12 ml/s, and failure to calibrate with 18 F catheter were considered as recurrence of the disease. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 40.6 years. The mean follow-up period was 14.8 months. All @entity1 voided successfully after catheter removal. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up after 3 months. There was significant improvement in AUA symptom score and Q(max) and reduction in PVR (p   <   0.0001) at 3, 6, and 9 months. Two @entity1 had recurrence of @entity850 at 12 months, while another had recurrence at 18 months which was treated by @entity384 followed by a self-dilatation protocol. The limitations of the study include the small number of cases with short follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: DBMGU is a simple and safe method of urethroplasty in @entity1 with unsatisfactory results. Large size studies with long-term follow-up are desirable to document the success rates.

title: Dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty in female XXXX disease: a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['urethral dilatation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stricture']

answer: @entity3832 :: (MESH:D014525,Disease) :: ['urethral stricture']


abstract: A mutant of @entity3437 . tagetis EB037 with limited ability to produce @entity32858 was isolated after transposon mutagenesis and the mutation was characterized. The mutation occurred in a gene with a high degree of sequence identity to exbD. exbD is contiguous with tonB and exbB upstream and with a gene for a TonB-dependent receptor downstream. Using reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction with RNA from the wild-type and exbD mutant strains, we demonstrated that the mutation in exbD did not have a polar affect on the expression of downstream genes. The exbD mutant was able to grow well in conditions where @entity68 is not freely available. Siderophore production by the exbD mutant was similar to that of the wild-type strain. We conclude that the mutation in exbD disrupts @entity32858 production without compromising @entity68 metabolism. The results indicate that @entity32858 export by @entity3437 . tagetis involves an efflux pump that requires a functional TonB system that is not essential for normal @entity68 metabolism.

title: A mutation in an exbD gene reduces XXXX production by @entity3437 pv. tagetis.

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['P. syringae pv', 'Pseudomonas syringae pv']

entities_list: @entity32858 :: ('MESH:C062221', 'Chemical') :: ['tagetitoxin']

answer: @entity32858 :: (MESH:C062221,Chemical) :: ['tagetitoxin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reducing social distance between hospital staff and @entity1 and establishing clear lines of communication is a major challenge when providing in- @entity1 care for @entity1 afflicted by Buruli ulcer (BU) and chronic @entity1066 . Research on hospitals as therapeutic communities is virtually non-existent in Africa and is currently being called for by medical anthropologists working in the field of health service and policy planning. This paper describes a pioneering attempt to establish a therapeutic community for @entity1 suffering from BU and other chronic @entity1066 requiring long term hospital care in Benin. METHODS: A six-month pilot project was undertaken with the objectives of establishing a therapeutic community and evaluating its impact on practitioner and @entity1 relations. The project was designed and implemented by a team of social scientists working in concert with the current and previous director of a hospital serving @entity1 suffering from advanced stage BU and other chronic @entity1066 . Qualitative research initially investigated @entity1 ' understanding of their illness and its treatment, identified questions @entity1 had about their hospitalization, and ascertained their level of social support. Newly designed question-answer health education sessions were developed. Following these hospital wide education sessions, open forums were held each week to provide an opportunity for @entity1 and hospital staff to express concerns and render sources of discontent transparent. @entity1 group representatives then met with hospital staff to problem solve issues in a non-confrontational manner. Psychosocial support for individual @entity1 was provided in a second intervention which took the form of drop-in counseling sessions with social scientists trained to serve as therapy facilitators and culture brokers. RESULTS: Interviews with @entity1 revealed that most @entity1 had very little information about the identity of their illness and the duration of their treatment. This knowledge gap surprised clinic staff members, who assumed someone had provided this information. Individual counseling and weekly education sessions corrected this information gap and reduced @entity1 concerns about their treatment and the status of their healing process. This led to positive changes in staff- @entity1 interactions. There was widespread consensus among both @entity1 and staff that the quality of communication had increased significantly. Open forums providing an opportunity for @entity1 and staff to air grievances were likewise popular and @entity1 representative meetings resulted in productive problem solving supported by the hospital administration. Some systemic problems, however, remained persistent challenges. @entity1 with @entity1066 unrelated to BU questioned why BU @entity1 were receiving preferential treatment, given special medicines, and charged less for their care. The idea of subsidized treatment for one disease and not another was hard to justify, especially given that BU is not contagious. CONCLUSION: This pilot project illustrates the basic principles necessary for transforming long term residential hospitals into therapeutic communities. Although the focus of this case study was @entity1 suffering from chronic @entity1066 , the model presented is relevant for other types of @entity1 with cultural adaptation.

title: Steps Toward Creating A Therapeutic Community for Inpatients Suffering from XXXX : Lessons from Allada Buruli Ulcer Treatment Hospital in Benin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'people']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['Chronic Ulcers']


abstract: Objectives. Assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic function in @entity1 with @entity955 can be difficult. @entity5513 provides several parameters for quantifying LV systolic function. We evaluated the ability of acoustic cardiography to detect @entity1002 in @entity1 with and without @entity955 . Design. We studied 194 @entity1 who underwent acoustic cardiography and cardiac catheterization including measurement of angiographic ejection fraction (EF) and maximum LV dP/dt. @entity1002 was defined as LV maximum dP/dt <1600   mmHg/s. Acoustic cardiographic parameters included electromechanical activation time (EMAT) and the @entity299 index (SDI). Results. @entity5513 detected @entity299 with high specificity and moderate sensitivity with similar performance to EF (sensitivity/specificity without afib: EMAT 30/96, SDI 40/90, EF at 35% 30/96; sensitivity/specificity with afib: EMAT 64/82, SDI 59/100, EF at 35% 45/82). Conclusions. @entity5513 can be used for diagnosis of @entity1002 in @entity955 .

title: Noninvasive detection of @entity1002 by acoustic cardiography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['Acoustic cardiography']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Between September 1986 and March 1988, 33 @entity1 with refractory germ cell @entity5 were entered on a phase I/II trial of two courses of high-dose @entity3003 plus @entity2879 with autologous bone marrow support. All @entity1 had extensive prior treatment and had either @entity900 -refractory disease (67%) defined as progression within 4 weeks of the last @entity900 dose or failed at least two @entity900 -based regimens (35%) including a @entity900 - @entity1260 salvage regimen. @entity1 received a fixed total dose of @entity2879 of 1,200 mg/m2 with each cycle. The @entity3003 dose ranged from 900 mg/m2 to 2,000 mg/m2. Twenty of the 33 @entity1 received the second cycle of therapy. Despite extensive prior therapy with @entity900 , @entity2359 , nephrotoxicity, or @entity393 with high-dose @entity3003 and @entity2879 was unusual. The most common nonhematologic @entity137 was moderate @entity1964 . The hematologic @entity137 of this regimen was substantial at each dose level. All 53 courses were accompanied by granulocytopenic fevers. Seven of the 33 @entity1 (21%) died from treatment. All of these @entity204 occurred during the granulocyte nadir, and five were related to documented @entity295 . Overall, 14 of 32 @entity1 (44%) evaluable for response obtained an objective response, including eight complete remissions. Four @entity1 remain in complete remission, with three @entity1 being continuously free of disease in excess of 1 year. Eight responders (including four complete remissions) had progressed while receiving @entity900 . We conclude that @entity3003 and @entity2879 can be administered in combination at high dosages and this regimen may have curative potential for @entity1 with @entity2971 resistant to conventional-dose @entity900 -based therapies.

title: Dose-intensive chemotherapy in refractory germ cell @entity5 --a phase I/II trial of high-dose @entity3003 and XXXX with autologous bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: Testicular biopsy is needed to confirm diagnosis in azoospermic @entity1 and to recover spermatozoa, if possible. This report aims to quantitatively analyse the germline markers stage-specific embryonic antigen ( @entity5824 ), @entity2467 and VASA in testicular biopsies with distinct azoospermic aetiologies. Twenty-three testicular biopsies were analysed by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR for @entity2467 , @entity5824 and VASA. In all the @entity3453 ( @entity3453 ) samples, significantly lower VASA mRNA expression and fewer VASA+ cells were found compared with obstructive controls. @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) cases showed significant differences only with the non-mosaic @entity3453 samples when compared for VASA mRNA expression and percentage of VASA+ cells, but not with the mosaics. However, the normalized VASA-KIT parameter obtained by subtracting the percentage of @entity2467 + cells from the percentage of VASA+ cells showed significant differences between the @entity1167 and all the @entity3453 samples. RT-qPCR consistently found differences for the VASA expression between @entity3453 mosaic and non-mosaic samples. However, by flow cytometry, only VASA-KIT showed significant differences between them. Conversely, the percentage of @entity5824 + cells revealed no inter-group differences. In conclusion, testicular biopsies display different expression profiles for @entity2467 and VASA depending on the azoospermic aetiology. These results can be used as a complementary tool to create new molecular categories for diagnoses in azoospermic @entity1 , particularly useful to discriminate between mosaic and non-mosaic @entity3453 @entity1 .

title: Comparative analysis of the germ cell markers @entity2467 , XXXX and VASA in testicular biopsies from secretory and obstructive azoospermias.

entities_list: @entity3453 :: ('MESH:D054331', 'Disease') :: ['Sertoli cell-only', 'SCO']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Maturation arrest', 'MA']

answer: @entity5824 :: (2526,Gene) :: ['SSEA-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Social @entity73 are consistently reported in @entity716 populations. Few studies have longitudinally investigated social cognition in @entity922 ( @entity922 ) populations. AIMS: Longitudinally examine theory of mind (ToM) and social judgments in a @entity922 sample to investigate the stability of performance over time and potential ability to predict conversion to @entity716 . METHOD: 147 @entity922 individuals and 85 help seeking controls (HSC) were assessed for up to 2years; 28 @entity1 developed @entity716 across both groups. Generalized linear mixed models for repeated measures were used to examine change over time for ratings on the three social cognitive indices of ToM, trustworthiness, and approachability. Hierarchical regression was used to test whether social cognitive variables explain more variance in conversion than IQ. RESULTS: @entity922 individuals showed a positive bias in approachability judgments over time compared to HSC. Baseline ToM performance significantly (p<.05) predicted later conversion beyond IQ scores. These results were attenuated when controlling for baseline symptom level. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity51 might predate conversion to @entity716 , one must consider initial symptoms as well. Social judgments were not associated with conversion to @entity161 .

title: Theory of mind and social judgments in XXXX at clinical high risk of @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['ToM deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical high-risk', 'CHR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: The @entity3326 ( @entity3326 ) is a potentially fatal complication of antipsychotic therapy. A retrospective study of nine @entity1 seen over six years at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur (UHKL), is described. The estimated annualised incidence was 1.2 per 1000 in- @entity1 with @entity716 . No ethnic difference was detected. Clinical features were similar to experiences elsewhere, with wide variability seen in the severity of illness. The neuroleptic drugs implicated were @entity1767 , @entity6105 , @entity2644 , @entity1768 and @entity14753 . Treatment consisted of withdrawal of offending drugs and supportive measures. Specific therapy was given to five @entity1 . There was one death. At follow-up no deterioration was detected. A different neuroleptic drug was successfully re-introduced in four @entity1 . In view of the wide usage of major tranquillizers, a high degree of clinical awareness of this serious complication is necessary for early diagnosis to reduce morbidity and mortality.

title: XXXX in Malaysia: a university hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['NMS', 'neuroleptic malignant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14753 :: ('MESH:D003006', 'Chemical') :: ['clopenthixol']

entities_list: @entity6105 :: ('MESH:D014268', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoperazine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1768 :: ('MESH:D005476', 'Chemical') :: ['fluphenazine']

answer: @entity3326 :: (MESH:D009459,Disease) :: ['Neuroleptic malignant syndrome']