abstract: BACKGROUND: Airway stenting has become a popular method for palliation of @entity1224 ; however, little has been reported about their use for @entity1 with @entity706 that occasionally causes a life-threatening condition. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of airway stenting in chemoradiotherapy naive @entity1 with severe @entity1224 due to @entity706 . METHODS: @entity1 who underwent airway stent placement from April 2007 to July 2011 in a single center were retrospectively reviewed. All stenting procedures were performed using rigid and flexible bronchoscopes under general anesthesia. RESULTS: We performed 174 airway stenting procedures ( @entity1346 stents in 154 procedures and metallic in 20 procedures) for 150 @entity1 during the study period. Of the @entity1 , 7 had untreated @entity706 (4 diffuse large @entity1892 , 1 mucosa-associated @entity706 ). All @entity1 underwent stenting using the @entity1346 Y-stent (6 on the main carina and 1 on the primary right carina). Dyspnea was relieved immediately in 6 of 7 @entity1 including the mechanically ventilated @entity1 . Stents could be removed in all @entity1 (median 90 d after stenting; range, 32 to 245 d) because of the @entity5 response to @entity5 -specific therapy. One @entity738 formation and 1 mucus retention triggered the decision to remove the stents. CONCLUSIONS: Airway stenting using @entity1346 stents is safe and effective in palliation of @entity1224 in @entity1 with untreated @entity706 , and permits postprocedural @entity5 -specific therapy. The response to @entity5 -specific therapy can be expected, and so removable stents should be selected.

title: Temporary use of XXXX stents for severe @entity1224 in untreated @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas', 'lymphoid tissue lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas, 2 lymphoblastic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway stenosis']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: PURPOSE: Enzyme replacement therapy with alglucosidase alfa for @entity13785 has improved survival creating new management challenges. We describe an @entity341 phenotype in a retrospective review of long-term survivors. METHODS: Inclusion criteria included ventilator-free status and age  <=6 months at treatment initiation, and survival to age >= 5 years. Clinical outcome measures included invasive ventilator-free survival and parameters for cardiac, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, gross motor, and ambulatory status; growth; speech, hearing, and swallowing; and gastrointestinal and nutritional status. RESULTS: Eleven of 17 @entity1 met study criteria. All were cross-reactive immunologic material-positive, alive, and invasive ventilator-free at most recent assessment, with a median age of 8.0 years (range: 5.4-12.0 years). All had marked improvements in @entity299 . Commonly present were gross motor weakness, @entity51 , sensorineural and/or conductive @entity393 , @entity2331 , @entity354 , and @entity1282 with @entity1173 risk. Seven of 11 @entity1 were independently ambulatory and four required the use of assistive ambulatory devices. All long-term survivors had low or undetectable anti-alglucosidase alfa antibody titers. CONCLUSION: Long-term survivors exhibited sustained improvements in @entity299 and gross motor function. Residual @entity425 , @entity393 , risk for @entity943 , hypernasal speech, @entity1282 with risk for @entity1173 , and @entity2331 were commonly observed findings.

title: The XXXX phenotype of long-term survivors with @entity13785 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emerging']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['infantile Pompe disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor speech deficits']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac parameters']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emerging']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1937 is known to attenuate the cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation. We determined effective doses ( @entity2613 (50)/ @entity2613 (95)) of @entity1937 to prevent the pressor response to tracheal intubation in @entity1 with severe @entity1468 . METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 with severe @entity1468 were randomly allocated to one of five @entity1937 dose groups (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, or 1.25  g/kg) given before induction of anaesthesia using thiopental 5 mg/kg and @entity2900 1.5 mg/kg. Systolic arterial pressure, heart rate and plasma @entity2922 concentrations were measured. Neonatal effects were assessed by Apgar scores and umbilical cord blood gas analysis. A dose was considered effective when systolic arterial pressure did not exceed 160 mmHg for more than 1 min following tracheal intubation. RESULTS: Baseline systolic blood pressure and heart rate did not differ among the groups. The intubation-induced @entity101 were attenuated in a dose-dependent manner by @entity1937 . @entity2613 (50) and @entity2613 (95) were 0.59 (95% CI 0.47-0.70)  g/kg and 1.34 (1.04-2.19) g/kg, respectively. @entity1063 concentrations remained unaltered following intubation but increased significantly at delivery, with no differences between the groups. Apgar scores and umbilical arterial and @entity1211 and blood gas values were comparable among the groups. Two @entity1 each in the 1.0 and 1.25  g/kg groups received ephedrine for @entity551 defined as systolic arterial pressure <90 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2613 (95) of @entity1937 for attenuating the @entity101 response to tracheal intubation during induction of anaesthesia in severely preeclamptic @entity1 undergoing caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia was 1.34  g/kg.

title: A dose-response study of XXXX for attenuation of the @entity101 response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in severely preeclamptic @entity1 undergoing caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases of heart rate and blood pressure', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['suxamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil', 'Remifentanil']

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['remifentanil']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity4032 ( @entity4032 ) have significant @entity299 that impact outcome. To improve the management of this complex @entity1 population, we performed a comprehensive analysis of their anatomic and clinical features along with an evaluation of resource utilization data. The objectives were to describe anatomic and clinical features of @entity1 with @entity4032 treated at a single center from 1992 to 2011 focusing on the impact of ventricular morphology (univentricular [UV] vs. biventricular [BV]) on clinical outcomes and resource utilization. Clinical and echocardiographic data from @entity1 with @entity4032 were abstracted from medical records. Health care costs were indexed to inflation. Seventy-eight @entity1 were identified with @entity4032 ranging in age from 1 day to 29 years old. UV morphology was present in 46 @entity1 (59 %), most commonly with right-ventricular dominance (36 of 46). The presence of extra @entity299 did not differ between the UV and BV groups (82 vs. 78 %) nor did morbidities, such as need for enteral tube feedings (47 vs. 25 %) or pacemaker placement (24 vs. 25 %). Mortality was 28 % in the entire cohort: 39 % in univentricuar @entity1 versus 10.5 % in those with biventricular anatomy. Hospital length of stay for medical illnesses was similar in both groups, but length of stay after surgery was significantly longer in UV than BV @entity1 . Among survivors, UV @entity1 had greater median hospital costs (TeX 67,732, p < 0.001), but when this was adjusted for mortality and variable follow-up, there were no differences in health care costs within the first year of life. Significant health care dollars are used to manage @entity1 with @entity4032 , the majority of which involve expenses related to surgical care. Although @entity1 with biventricular morphology have better survival, morbidity and resource utilization are similar to those for UV @entity1 especially within the first year of life.

title: XXXX : impact of ventricular morphology on resource utilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['heterotaxy syndrome', 'HS', 'HS syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and extracardiac anomalies', 'cardiac anomalies']

answer: @entity4032 :: (MESH:D059446,Disease) :: ['Heterotaxy syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dynamic stabilization of the degenerated spine was invented to overcome the negative side effects of fusion surgery like adjacent segment degeneration. Amongst various different implants DSS(  ) is a pedicle-based dynamic device for stabilizing the spine and preserving motion. Nearly no clinical data of the implant have been reported so far. The current analysis presents results from a single spine surgeon who has been using DSS(  ) for the past 5  years and recorded all treatment and outcome data in the international Spine Tango registry. MATERIALS/METHODS: From the prospectively documented overall @entity1 pool 436 cases treated with DSS(  ) could be identified. The analysis was enhanced with a mailing of COMI @entity1 questionnaires for generating longer-term follow-ups up to 4  years. RESULTS: 387 @entity1 (189 male, 198 female; mean age 67.3  years) with @entity179 including @entity179 (6.1  %) could be evaluated. The type of degeneration was mainly spinal stenosis (89.9  %). After a mean follow-up of 1.94  years, the COMI score and @entity13295 back and leg @entity158 improved significantly and to a clinically relevant extent. The postoperative trend analysis could not determine a relevant deterioration of these outcomes until 4  years postoperative. 10 @entity1 were revised (2.6  %) and the implant was removed; in most cases, a fusion was performed. Another 5 cases (1.3  %) had an extension of the dynamic stabilization system to the adjacent level. 84.2  % of @entity1 rated that the surgery had helped a lot or had helped. DISCUSSION: The results of this large consecutive series with a follow-up up to 4  years could demonstrate a good and stable clinical outcome after posterior dynamic stabilization with DSS(  ). For @entity179 of the lumbar spine, this treatment seems to be a valid alternative to fusion surgery.

title: Dynamic posterior stabilization for XXXX : a large consecutive case series with long-term follow-up by additional postal survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative spondylolisthesis', 'degenerative lumbar spinal disease', 'degenerative diseases']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative lumbar spine disease']


abstract: In light of recent technologic advances, we developed a @entity235 renal allograft model utilizing implantable, programmable infusion pumps and biocompatible catheters to reexplore the concept of local immunosuppression. Thirteen mongrel @entity235 underwent bilateral @entity454 and end-to-side renal-iliac vein anastomoses. The proximal end of an infusion catheter directed into the iliac artery was tunneled to a subcutaneously placed programmable pump. A second, sampling catheter was placed with its tip in the iliac vein just proximal to the @entity1211 . During a period of i.a. infusion of heparinized saline ranging from 19 to 63 days, serum @entity1011 remained normal in all but 1 animal, which developed @entity2885 and catheter-tip perforation of the iliac artery. No cases of arterial @entity715 or catheter migration were observed at necropsy. In 7 additional autotransplanted @entity235 , simultaneous iliac vein and systemic (jugular vein) concentrations of @entity4446 ( @entity7275 ), the major immunosuppressive metabolite of @entity500 , were determined during a continuous 24-hr i.a. infusion (10 mg/kg/24 hr). Following termination of the infusion, 10 mg/kg @entity7275 was administered to the same 7 @entity235 as an i.v. bolus, and systemic drug concentrations were determined over a 4-hr period. Mean +/- SE total-body clearance and elimination half-life were 887 +/- 159 ml/min and 1.4 +/- 0.2 hr, respectively, in the i.v. bolus study, indicating that @entity7275 is rapidly cleared from the systemic circulation. Unexpectedly, the kidney removed as much as 60-95% of locally infused @entity7275 , reducing the amount of active drug entering the systemic circulation to 5-40% of that which would be present during an i.v. infusion of the same dose. According to the principles governing the advantages of i.a. infusions, these data demonstrate that @entity7275 can be infused intrarenally to produce both a 4-fold increase in drug concentration within the kidney and an 80% decrease in systemic drug delivery when compared to same-dose i.v. administration. The overall result is the presence of a 30-fold gradient between local and systemic drug concentrations during intrarenal @entity7275 infusion. We conclude that i.a. infusion of an immunosuppressive agent is technically feasible with preservation of renal function, and that @entity7275 can be delivered locally in a @entity235 model with great pharmacokinetic and potential therapeutic advantage.

title: The pharmacokinetic advantage of local @entity4446 infusion in a XXXX renal transplant model.

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['nephrectomy and autotransplantation of 1 kidney via end-to-end renal-iliac artery']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of endogenous, small, noncoding single-stranded RNAs that act as post-transcriptional gene regulatory elements. MiRNA polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of miRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on @entity299 susceptibility. METHODS: We genotyped two functional SNPs, @entity31064 @entity31065 and miR-146a @entity6992 , in a case-control cohort of 173 Chinese @entity1 with @entity215 ( @entity215 ) and 207 non- @entity299 controls. RESULTS: When the @entity31064 @entity31065 TT homozygote genotype was used as the reference group, the TC genotype was not associated with an increased risk of @entity215 . The CC genotype was associated with a borderline significantly increased risk for @entity215 . In the recessive model, when the @entity31064 @entity31065 TT/TC genotypes were used as the reference group, the CC homozygote genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of @entity215 (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.18-3.25, p = 0.01). The miR-146a @entity6992 @entity6993 polymorphism was not associated with developing @entity215 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that the @entity31064 @entity31065 @entity14552 polymorphism may play a role in the development of @entity215 . Future larger studies that include populations of other ethnicities are required to confirm these findings. KEY WORDS: @entity299 ; MiRNA; Molecular epidemiology; Polymorphisms; Tetralogy of Fallot.

title: XXXX @entity31065 @entity14552 Polymorphism is Associated with an Increased Risk of Tetralogy of Fallot in a Chinese Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity6993 :: ('c|SUB|C||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C>G']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart disease', 'CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity31064 :: (406973,Gene) :: ['MiR-196a2']


abstract: We analyzed the rearrangement of T-cell receptor (TcR) delta chain gene in 88 cases of @entity1071 ; 31 @entity981 ( @entity981 ); 27 @entity6494 , 9 @entity9233 ( @entity9233 ); 10 @entity784 ( @entity1893 ); and 11 @entity978 . All of 9 T- @entity981 cases, of which 4 cases have neither beta nor gamma gene rearrangement, had a new rearranged band of TcR delta locus. Ten of 16 B-lineage @entity981 had rearranged band(s) or deletion of TcR delta locus. The rearranged bands were recognized in 2 cases of @entity9233 and 1 case of @entity784 . All cases of @entity6494 , 4 of @entity9233 , 4 of @entity784 , and 8 of @entity978 had deleted TcR delta locus. Heterogeneous findings of TcR delta locus analysis were observed in @entity9233 , @entity784 , and @entity978 . In 16 cases with TcR delta rearrangement, the J delta 1 region was frequently used and the J delta 2 region was rearranged in one @entity9233 . It is suspected that J delta 3 was used in one T- @entity981 . There was no correlation between the phenotypic pattern of CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 in @entity784 and the rearrangement of the TcR delta gene. These findings suggest that the newly identified TcR delta chain gene rearranges at a very early stage of T-cell ontogeny; prior to the other TcR genes and perhaps at almost the same stage with @entity4587 expression. The TcR delta gene is useful in assessing clonality for the most immature T-cell neoplasms not showing rearrangement of the other TcR genes. This gene is not lineage specific; however, when used in conjunction with immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, it may be a useful tool to distinguish lymphoid lineage of @entity981 .

title: Rearrangement of T-cell receptor delta chain gene as a marker of lineage and clonality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemias/lymphoblastic lymphomas', 'ALL/LBL']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas', 'T-cell disorders', 'T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['adult T-cell leukemias/lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity9233 :: ('MESH:D007119', 'Disease') :: ['angioimmunoblastic lymphoadenopathies', 'AILD']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity1071 :: (MESH:D008232,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some evidence suggests that @entity5161 metabolism to @entity6146 and inorganic @entity1388 by @entity1 liver microsomes in vitro is catalyzed by @entity5321 ( @entity5321 ). This investigation tested the hypothesis that P450 2E1 predominantly catalyzes @entity1 @entity5161 metabolism in vivo. @entity9853 , which is converted in vivo to a selective inhibitor of P450 2E1, was used as a metabolic probe for P450 2E1. METHODS: Twenty-two elective surgery @entity1 who provided institutionally-approved written informed consent were randomized to receive @entity9853 (500 mg orally, N = 12) or nothing (controls, N = 10) the evening before surgery. All @entity1 received a standard @entity5161 anesthetic (1.5% end-tidal in @entity26 ) for 8 hr. Urine and plasma @entity6146 and @entity1388 concentrations were quantitated in samples obtained for 4 days postoperatively. RESULTS: @entity1 groups were similar with respect to age, weight, gender, duration of surgery, @entity190 , and delivered @entity5161 dose, measured by cumulative end-tidal @entity5161 concentrations (9.7-10.2 MAC-hr). Postoperative urine excretion of @entity6146 (days 1-4) and @entity1388 (days 1-3) was significantly (P<0.05) diminished in @entity9853 -treated @entity1 . Cumulative 0-96 hr excretion of @entity6146 and @entity1388 in @entity9853 -treated @entity1 was 34+/-72 and 270+/-70 micromoles (mean +/- SD), respectively, compared to 440+/-360 and 1500+/-800 micromoles in controls (P<0.05 for both). @entity9853 also abolished the rise in plasma metabolite concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9853 , a selective inhibitor of @entity1 hepatic P450 2E1, prevented 80-90% of @entity5161 metabolism. These results suggest that P450 2E1 is the predominant P450 isoform responsible for @entity1 clinical @entity5161 metabolism in vivo.

title: Clinical @entity5161 metabolism by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6146 :: ('MESH:D014269', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity9853 :: ('MESH:D004221', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfiram', 'Disulfiram']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity5321 :: (1571,Gene) :: ['cytochrome P450 2E1']


abstract: Mitochondrial biochemistry is complex, expanding from @entity26 consumption, oxidative phosphorylation, lipid catabolism, @entity1446 biosynthesis, to apoptosis, @entity460 homeostasis, and production of reactive @entity26 species, including @entity842 (NO). The latter molecule is produced by a mitochondrial NO synthase (mtNOS). The rates of consumption and production determine the steady-state concentration of NO at subcellular levels, leading to regulation of mitochondrial events. Temporospatial processes tightly regulate production of NO in mitochondria to maximize target effects and minimize deleterious reactions. Temporal regulatory mechanisms of mtNOS include activation by @entity460 signaling and transcriptional/translational regulations. @entity460 -activated mtNOS inhibits mitochondrial respiration, resulting in a decrease of the @entity26 consumption. This negative regulation antagonizes the effects of @entity460 on @entity460 -dependent dehydrogenases in the @entity1792 cycle, preventing the formation of anoxic foci. Temporal regulation of NO production by intracellular @entity460 signaling is a complex process, considering the heterogeneous intracellular @entity460 response and distribution. NO production in mitochondria is spatially regulated by mechanisms that determine subcellular localization of mtNOS, likely acylation and protein-protein interactions, in addition to transcriptional regulation as neuronal NOS. Because NO rapidly decays in mitochondria, subcellular localization of mtNOS is crucial for NO to function as a signal molecule. These temporospatial processes are biologically important to allow NO to act as an effective signal molecule to regulate mitochondrial events such as @entity26 consumption and reactive @entity26 species production.

title: XXXX regulation of mitochondrial @entity26 consumption I: cellular physiology.

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the @entity2548 patency, duration of its maintenance, and its relative complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty @entity1 who had undergone hemodialysis during five years (1996 to 2001) were included in this study. The patency rate and complications, including paresthesia, @entity158 induced by @entity63 , @entity101 , @entity281 , erythema, and @entity4 , were assessed. Data were recorded in the pre-designed questionnaire and statistically analyzed using t test. RESULTS: Mean    standard deviation age of the @entity1 was 58.08    11.73 years (range, 18 to 80 years). Most of the @entity292 were created at the left bracheocephalic (58 subjects). Side-to-side technique was the mostly applied technique (99.2%). The @entity292 patency was 100%, 92.64%, 89.48%, 84.38%, and 83.61% at year 1 to 5, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the subjects' age and maintained patency (P = .02). However, no significant difference was observed between the maintained patency and other variables, including gender, location of the @entity292 , and the type of the technique applied for creation of the @entity292 (P > .05). CONCLUSION: @entity6 does not have a negative impact on the rate of patency and its duration in @entity2548 . However, further investigations on a larger population are recommended.

title: Evaluation of patency of XXXX and its relative complications in @entity6 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: HOOS was developed as an extension of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities' @entity571 Index questionnaire for measuring symptoms and functional limitations related to the hip(s) of @entity1 with @entity571 . To determine the validity and reliability of the Thai version of the @entity717 and @entity571 Outcome Score (HOOS) vis-  -vis @entity570 , the original HOOS was translated into a Thai version of HOOS, according to international recommendations. @entity1 with @entity570 (n  =  57; 25 males) were asked to complete the Thai version of HOOS twice: once then again after a 3-week interval. The test-retest reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Internal consistencies were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, while the construct validity was tested by comparing the Thai HOOS with the Thai modified SF-36 and calculating the Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The Thai HOOS produced good reliability (i.e., the ICC was greater than 0.9 in all five subscales). All of the Cronbach's alpha showed that the Thai HOOS had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.8), especially for the @entity158 and ADL subscales (0.89 and 0.90, respectively). The Spearman's rank correlation for all five subscales of the Thai HOOS had moderate correlation with the Bodily Pain subscale of the Thai SF-36. The @entity158 subscale of the Thai HOOS had a high correlation with the Vitality and Social Function subscales of the Thai SF-36 (r  =  0.55 and 0.54)-with which the symptom subscale had a moderate correlation. The Thai version of HOOS had excellent internal consistency, excellent test-retest reliability, and good construct validity. It can be used as a reliable tool for assessing quality of life for @entity1 with @entity570 in Thailand.

title: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the reliability of the Thai version of the @entity717 and XXXX Outcome Score (HOOS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Hip disability']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examines the effects of phosphodiesterase type III (PDEIII) inhibition vs beta stimulation on global function of the left ventricle (LV) and systemic haemodynamics in a porcine model of @entity1187 with beta blockade. METHODS: A total of 18 adult @entity1707 were anaesthetized. Micromanometer-tipped catheters were placed in the ascending aorta and LV. Two pairs of ultrasonic dimension transducers were placed in the subendocardium on the short axis proximal to a left anterior descending (LAD) artery occluder and the long axis of the LV. Before ischaemia, i.v. @entity7368 was infused to decrease baseline heart rate (HR) by approximately 25%, and all animals received an @entity7368 infusion (150 microg kg(-1) min(-1)). Ischaemia was produced by reducing the flow in the LAD artery by approximately 80%, from 17(4) to 3(2) ml min(-1). Animals were randomized to receive (after @entity7368 ) one of the following: no drug, sham only (Group 1, n=6), control (C); 50 microg kg(-1) i.v. @entity7604 (Group 2, n=6) followed by 0.375 microg kg(-1) min(-1) (M); or incremental doses of @entity452 (Group 3, n=6) every 10 min (5, 10 and 20 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) (D). Left ventricular function data obtained included @entity998 (CO), Emax and dP/dT. Measurements were taken during five time periods: before ischaemia (at baseline, after @entity7368 ) and every 10 min during ischaemia (at 10, 20 and 30 min). RESULTS: The effects of beta blockade and ischaemia had a significant impact on contractility (Emax) in Group M and myocardial performance (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, LVEDP) in all groups. Left ventricular function (Emax, CO, LVEDP and SVR) was better preserved when @entity7604 was added in Group M. A moderate dose of @entity452 (10 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) increased CO. Only the high dose (20 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) improved contractility (Emax), but at the expense of increased SVR. Also, LVEDP with either dose of @entity452 remained high and unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: From our limited findings, it would appear that there may, theoretically, be some benefit for using @entity7604 in preference to other inotropic drugs in the presence of beta blockade. @entity7604 administration should be considered in @entity1 with acute @entity1002 and preexisting beta blockade before using other inotropic drugs such as beta stimulants.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity7604 or @entity452 administered during coronary artery stenosis in the presence of beta blockade in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['HR, arterial and LV pressures, cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone', 'Milrinone']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a relatively uncommon @entity5 seen worldwide. The treatment of @entity5 has evolved toward combined modality treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. However, chemotherapeutic agents currently have a secondary role, due to their lack of efficacy as curative agents. Recent identification of a novel property of statin drugs raises a promising hope that concurrent use of @entity6817 may enhance the efficacy of single-drug chemotherapy in @entity5 . However, the effects of @entity6817 have not been studied before in @entity5 . In this in vitro study, we demonstrate a unique property of @entity6817 that can enhance the efficacy of @entity900 in @entity5 . METHODS: Primary @entity1 @entity5 cells (CCL-30) were treated with @entity6817 and @entity900 concurrently, and the effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell colony formation were examined. RESULTS: @entity6817 caused significant decrease in cell proliferation and viability in @entity5 . @entity6817 also induced loss of cell attachment, change in cellular morphology, decrease in colony forming units, and loss of sphere formation in soft gel agar, which are the important properties of tumorigenicity in @entity5 . Furthermore, we found that the effects of @entity6817 occur by a @entity12308 (MA)-mediated pathway in these cells. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate a unique property of @entity6817 that can enhance the antitumor effects of @entity900 in @entity5 . @entity6817 may act as a relatively safe and cost effective chemoadjuvant agent in the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Novel effects of XXXX in enhancing efficacy of chemotherapy in vitro in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity12308 :: ('MESH:D008798', 'Chemical') :: ['mevalonate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant epithelial cancer', 'NPC', 'Nasopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity6817 :: ('D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Statins', 'statins']

answer: @entity6817 :: (D019821,Chemical) :: ['statins']


abstract: We report a retrospective study of @entity155 fractures of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint that were treated nonsurgically. The study included 30 @entity1 who answered a questionnaire. None of the @entity1 underwent surgery after treatment. The average follow-up interval was 3.1 years (range, 1-5.2 years). All 30 @entity1 were satisfied with the treatment and outcome. No @entity1 had a permanent job change or inability to participate in recreational activities. Nineteen @entity1 had no @entity158 on motion of the thumb. Of the 20 @entity1 (67%) who agreed to a follow-up examination, key pinch and grip strength were not statistically different between the injured and noninjured sides. Three @entity1 had instability on stress testing. There was a 25% nonunion rate. While not statistically significant, symptomatic @entity1 tended to have slightly larger fragments (5.4 mm x 1.7 mm vs 3.2 mm x 1.4 mm on anterioposterior x-rays) and greater initial rotation (26 degrees vs 24 degrees) of the @entity174 than asymptomatic @entity1 . Despite the nonunion rate and the @entity1 with clinical instability, all 30 @entity1 were satisfied with their treatment.

title: Outcome of XXXX fractures of the ulnar base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb treated nonsurgically.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']


abstract: Family studies were performed in 10 @entity1 from seven different families with homozygous beta zero thalassaemia intermedia and in three @entity1 with homozygous beta+ or compound heterozygous beta+ and beta zero thalassaemia intermedia. In nine of the 10 families at least one of the parents was found to have raised Hb A2 and Hb F. In the heterozygotes with increased Hb A2 and Hb F, the means of Hb F and MCV were significantly higher than those observed in regular Hb A2 thalassaemia heterozygotes. However, the severity of imbalance in in vitro haemoglobin synthesis was similar in these two groups. The imbalance in the alpha/non-alpha synthetic ratio was heterogeneous in the @entity1 , being 2.1 and 4.0. Segregation of the raised Hb F from the Hb A2 @entity5357 determinant was found to be possible in only one of the 36 heterozygotes. This may exclude the possibility of the presence of an additional determinant responsible for the activation of the gamma chain. The G gamma/A gamma ratio of Hb F was that of the fetal type (G gamma was between 50 and 71% of the total gamma chain). The A gamma T variant of gamma chain was not detected in cis of the beta zero thalassaemia determinant characterised by increased Hb F and Hb A2. A retrospective study of 180 @entity1 with @entity5357 and their parents indicated that the combined rise in Hb A2 and Hb F was more common in the heterozygous parents (11 out of 30 parents) of the @entity1 with beta zero thalassaemia than it was in the parents of @entity1 with @entity5357 (three out of 140 parents). The presence of increased Hb A2 and Hb F in the heterozygote may in some cases determine the relative mildness of the disease.

title: Clinical and haematological @entity5357 intermedia with increased Hb F and Hb A2 in heterozygotes: XXXX intermedia I.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['beta+ thalassaemia', 'beta thalassaemia']

answer: @entity5357 :: (MESH:D012497,Disease) :: ['beta thalassaemia']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity1036 ( @entity1036 ) represents a sight-threatening complication after trigeminal impairment. To our knowledge, the duration for which trigeminal injury may affect corneal structures and function has not been investigated previously. OBJECTIVE: To describe the long-term clinical, morphological, and functional outcomes of @entity1036 after neurosurgical trigeminal damage. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Observational case series performed at a corneal and ocular surface diseases referral center in 2010. Eight consecutive @entity1 with monolateral @entity1036 from 1 to 19 years after neurosurgery and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy @entity1 were included. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Complete eye examination, tear film function tests, corneal staining, and Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry were performed. The number and density of corneal nerves, number of hyperreflective keratocytes, and corneal epithelial, endothelial, and keratocyte cell densities were evaluated by in vivo slit scanning confocal microscopy. Clinical and morphological data were compared with the contralateral unaffected eyes and with the eyes of healthy control @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity1 showed @entity1036 and @entity735 and a healthy contralateral eye. @entity427 was observed in all affected eyes (mean [SD], 2.0 [1.9] mm in the affected eyes vs 5.8 [0.3] mm in the contralateral unaffected eyes; P = .01) and was related to decreased subbasal nerve length (P = .04; R = 0.895). Corneal epithelial and endothelial cell densities were significantly decreased and the number of hyperreflective keratocytes was significantly increased in @entity1036 eyes compared with contralateral unaffected eyes and with the eyes of healthy @entity1 . A longer duration of @entity1036 was associated with lower endothelial cell density (P = .046; R = -0.715). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Corneal morphology and function were impaired even years after neurosurgical trigeminal damage, suggesting that assessment of tear film and corneal sensitivity as well as in vivo confocal microscopy examination should be performed in all @entity1 with trigeminal impairment.

title: Corneal changes in neurosurgically induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye in the NK eye']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased corneal sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['NK', 'superficial punctate keratitis', 'Neurotrophic keratitis']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['neurotrophic keratitis']


abstract: The arm number hypothesis proposed by Brewen and collagues in 1973 has been examined in the light of information thus far available from @entity1 studies. In experiments with peripheral blood lymphocytes (radiation in vitro), a linear relationship between dicentric yield and the effective chromosome arm number of the species was obtained in the @entity19 , @entity3569 , @entity1237 , @entity742 , @entity1707 , wallaby and @entity1 . However, the data are not consistent with such a relationship in several primate species (marmoset, @entity2608 , @entity5434 , squirrel monkey and the @entity15010 ), the cat and the @entity235 . In the @entity95 , the data are conflicting. In the @entity19 and @entity3569 the frequencies of reciprocal translocations recorded in spermatocytes descended from irradiated spermatogonia are in line with the expectation based on the arm number hypothesis, whereas in the @entity329 , @entity95 and the @entity2608 they are not. In @entity1 and the marmoset, the limited data are not inconsistent with a 2-fold higher sensitivity of these species relative to the @entity19 although they do not rule out a difference as high as 4-fold. In the @entity840 , the situation is unclear. New data on the transmission of reciprocal translocations in @entity19 suggest that the frequency in the F1 progeny may be close to one-quarter of that recorded in the spermatocytes of the irradiated fathers (spermatogonial irradiation) at an exposure level of 150 R, whereas at higher exposures, the reduction factor is about one-eighth, the latter being in line with the earlier finding. All these results taken together suggest that inter-specific extrapolation from the radiosensitivity of somatic cells (to dicentric induction) to that of germ cells (to translocation induction) is fraught with uncertainity at present. Certain aspects that need to be studied in more detail in the context of induced @entity2008 are discussed.

title: Evaluation and re-evaluation of genetic radiation hazards in @entity1 . II. The arm number hypothesis and the induction of reciprocal translocations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkey']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['golden hamster']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome aberrations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultrasound is commonly used by physical therapists, but there is no consensus regarding the most effective therapeutic dose for accelerating healing of open or closed wounds. Now, the effect of therapeutic ultrasound on the formation of new blood vessels in full-thickness excised lesions in the flank skin of adult @entity35 has been assessed quantitatively using microfocal X-ray techniques. METHODS: To investigate this, 30 @entity35 were divided into three groups of 10 animals: a control group and two treated with ultrasound groups. Random dorsal skin flaps were elevated on the @entity35 . In the control group, no operative procedures agents were used. Of the two treated groups, group 1 were exposed to pulsed ultrasound (2 ms on, 8 ms off) at an intensity of 0.1 W cm(-2) SATA (frequency either 0.75 MHz or 3.0 MHz). Group 2 exposed to pulsed ultrasound (2 ms on, 8 ms off) at an intensity of 0.18 W cm(-2) SATA (frequency either 0.75 MHz or 3.0 MHz), respectively. RESULTS: The areas of flap @entity39 were measured in each group. The median lengths of flap @entity39 of the groups were 79.3, 57.0, and 35.3 mm, respectively. There was a statistically significant improvement of flap @entity39 in ultrasound-treated groups compared with the control group (group 2, p=0.001; group 3, p=0.001). Furthermore, there was less @entity39 in the high intensity ultrasound-treated group than the low intensity-treated group. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound may have an intensity-dependent effect to increase flap survival in random skin flaps.

title: The effect of ultrasound on flap survival: an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Light and electronmicroscopic changes in lung biopsies were studied in six @entity1 with @entity5930 , aged 20 to 37 years, of varying duration, and with severe haematologic (blood eosinophil count of 3,600 to 18,200 per mm3), and respiratory changes. On light microscopy the main pathologic reaction consisted of large mononuclear cells and @entity1712 in and around the alveoli and blood vessels, and proliferated reticulin. Fine structural changes probably being described for the first time, included the presence of many alveolar macrophages characterised by abundant cytoplasm, irregular or stunted microvilli, increased phagolysosomes with ingested debris, and depletion of other organelles. Eosinophils bearing typical old and young granules, were encountered in and around the alveoli and blood vessels in all case, and collagenosis around alveolar cells in a few. Subacute @entity55 producing compression and disorganisation of alveoli and blood vessels, and lack of normal apposition of air and blood spaces, appear responsible for the @entity1576 . The detection of mycobacteria, cocci or @entity1047 -like bodies in two specimens and of intranuclear virus-like particles in another, could either indicate secondary infection or have an immunogenic significance, in the absence of detection of filarial elements in any of the specimens. Lung biopsies from two additional @entity1 (aged 13 _ 32) who had @entity4794 probably due to @entity6331 , and @entity120 , were studied as "control" specimens. Both at light and electronmicroscopy these specimens did not show any @entity1712 or neutrophils, and fewer macrophages in the lung parenchyma. In contrast to tropical @entity1712 and, as expected, there was considerably more @entity82 , especially in the alveolar subepithelial region and in the vessel walls. This, together with fibroblasts full of endoplasmic cisterns, noted particularly in the younger @entity1 with shorter duration, probably represented an earlier change in this condition.

title: The lung in tropical XXXX compared to that in @entity120 . Fine structural basis of @entity1576 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia', 'eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis of the lung parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['tropical pulmonary eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['secondary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disability']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: Ischemic @entity35 liver tissue has been shown previously to exhibit a markedly accelerated rate of phospholipid degradation, producing a loss of almost one half the total cellular phospholipid with 3 hours of @entity63 . Pretreatment of the @entity35 with @entity2644 completely prevented the disturbed phospholipid metabolism at the same time that it prevented the cell death associated with as much as 3 hours of @entity63 . Lipid-depleted microsomal membranes were shown previously to manifest alterations in their structure and function. The present report documents that similar structural alterations are evident in ischemic liver cell plasma membranes. The technique of freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of ischemic liver cell plasma membranes. Freeze-fracture replicas of whole tissue fragments exhibited a diffuse aggregation of the intramembranous particles in the P face of the plasma membranes. The incidence of this change correlated with the duration of @entity63 . Pretreatment of the @entity35 with @entity2644 (20 mg/kg) for 30 minutes before inducing @entity63 prevented the aggregation of the membrane-associated particles. These findings establish the existence of plasma membrane alterations in ischemic liver cells. The time course of these changes, their prevention by @entity2644 , and their similarity to the previously described structural alterations in the microsomal membranes suggest that they are related to the loss of liver cell phospholipid. The data in the present report support the hypothesis that an accelerated phospholipid degradation and its resultant membrane dysfunction are the critical alterations that produce irreversible @entity99 and, ultimately, cell death in @entity63 .

title: Irreversible ischemic cell injury. Prevention by XXXX of the aggregation of the intramembranous particles of @entity35 liver plasma membranes.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver cell injury']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity2644 :: (MESH:D002746,Chemical) :: ['chlorpromazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When a @entity1 is unable to swallow enough calories by mouth and has his digestive tube working normally, the Enteral Nutrition (EN) is prescribed. Our aims was identify the @entity1 who requires EN by sounding at Clinical Medical admission. METHODS: From 11/2001 to 11/ 2002; 331 @entity1 were attended in common rooms. 50 of them (15%) required EN. Retrospective descriptive study was made, evaluating: demographic data, diagnoses, comorbilities, self-validity, staying, nosocomial complications, studies, medicaments, inter-consulting and mortality as well. RESULTS: In 50 @entity1 under EN, 56 % were @entity1 , with an age rate of 65 years @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) 2.37 and daily life activity medium rate was 2 ( @entity2246 ) 0.35. Diagnoses at admission: Strocke 22%, acute @entity55 of community 22%, @entity55 by bronchoaspiration 10 %, acute confusional syndrome 10%, etc. Comorbilities: 54% presented 3 or more concurrent diseases, @entity101 60 %, @entity303 28%, type 2 @entity6 and strocke 26%, @entity13675 14%, etc. Admission time rate: 6 days ( @entity2246 ) 2.02, staying at intensive care unit 40%. Nosocomial complications came up in 34%, 76% ACS, 11.7% urinary tract infection, @entity55 and @entity281 1 each. 4 labs were required in rate ( @entity2246 ) 1.14, and 3 complementary studies per @entity1 ( @entity2246 ) of 0.24. In ambulatory treatment they used 3 drugs as an average ( @entity2246 ) 0.37. The highest prescription day approached 7 as average ( @entity2246 ) of 0.61. At discharge they left with an average of 4 ( @entity2246 ) 0.39. In every case kinesiotherapy and phonoaudiology were used as well. Ther was interconsulting regarding infectology in 24%, general surgery 16%. Mortality 22%. CONCLUSION: EN is usual in clinical admission. It regards an elderly @entity1 with lacking self-validity, who over 50% of cases presents more than three comorbilities (mostly @entity101 ). Facts of admission usually registered: neurological pathologies and @entity281 . Admission length was the same as general settlers. Almost half of them needed intensive care assistance. Nosocomial complications are usually found. They are @entity1 who require many drugs at home, while admitted and discharge time as well. In every one kinesiotherapy and phonoaudiology were applied. Mortality raised high. Unable chance to use commercial diets was not a trouble to feed them.

title: [Characteristics of XXXX admitted with enteral nutrition in a service of clinical medicine].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['iskemic cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'Standar Error']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether inheritance of @entity10685 ( @entity10685 ) alleles conferring lower affinity for IgG binding increases the risk of developing @entity1988 . METHODS: We compared the frequency of low-affinity alleles of two @entity10685 polymorphisms (FcgammaRIIA and @entity4071 ) among 235 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and proven @entity1310 ( @entity1310 @entity1 ) and among 352 @entity1252 @entity1 with no evidence of @entity8 (non- @entity1310 control subjects). The ethnic distribution of @entity1 in the study was 49% Caucasian, 20% Hispanic, 17% Asian/Pacific Islander, 12% African American, and 2% from other ethnic groups. All @entity1 were genotyped for the FcgammaRIIA-131R/H and @entity4071 -158V/F polymorphisms. We used contingency table analysis to compare allele and genotype distributions for @entity1310 @entity1 and nonnephritis control subjects, including ethnic-specific strata. Multivariate logistic regression analyses included sex and disease duration as covariates. RESULTS: Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated a striking association between the low-affinity @entity4071 -158F allele and FF genotype and the risk of @entity1310 among Caucasians, but not among non-Caucasians (multivariate odds ratio [OR] 2.6 for Caucasians with FF genotype), (P = 0.0017). This association was even stronger among Caucasians with severe @entity1310 (OR 4.4, P < 0.0001). In contrast, inheritance of the low-affinity FcgammaRIIA-131R allele (and RR genotype) was not associated with an increased risk of @entity1988 among any of the ethnic groups examined. CONCLUSION: The @entity4071 -158F allele is a major risk factor for the development of @entity1988 among Caucasians, but not among non-Caucasians. These results suggest that ethnic variation is critical in defining the specific genetic factors underlying the pathogenesis of @entity1252 , and they have important prognostic and therapeutic implications as well.

title: The @entity10685 IIIA-158F allele is a major risk factor for the development of XXXX among Caucasians but not non-Caucasians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity10685 :: ('2209', 'Gene') :: ['FcgammaR', 'Fcgamma receptor']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity30 is a chronic idiopathic medical and surgical disease, in which the transmural intestinal inflammatory process frequently leads to complications such as strictures or fistulae. The disease is considered to be the result of an imbalance between the proinflammatory mediators and the anti-inflammatory ones; it can be localized on any segment of the gastrointestinal tract, but it especially affects the terminal ileum. The purpose of the study is to assess @entity30 from the point of view of the complications requiring surgical treatment, the manner in which they are solved, as well as the postoperative evolution. MATERIAL AND METHOD: we followed retrospectively the @entity1 hospitalized and operated in our department during the period January 2001 - December 2011. We examined the clinical observation charts, the paraclinical investigations, the surgical protocols and the histopathological results. RESULTS: the 11 @entity1 included in the study underwent 13 surgical interventions. Their ages were comprised between 16 and 67, the average age being 42.9. The @entity1 @entity1 ratio was 7 4 (1.75); the interventions performed were segmental enterectomies, right ileo- hemicolectomy, ileotransverse @entity254 , an exploratory laparotomy and an exploratory laparoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: the purpose of the treatment of @entity30 is to obtain the best possible clinical, laboratory and paraclinical control of the inflammatory process with the least adverse reactions to the medication. The surgical indications for the treatment of the disease are imposed by severe complications such as perforation, @entity850 , fistulisation and even malignancy. Consequently, although @entity30 is a @entity102 with many relapses, the correct medical and surgical treatment helps @entity1 to maintain a reasonable quality of life, with a good prognosis and a very low mortality rate.

title: The surgical treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Five years ago, a task force on reducing risk for @entity299 and @entity64 was established by the six New England States. The task force included representatives from State public health departments, academia, the corporate sector, and voluntary organizations. This article is the final report of the task force. @entity299 and @entity66 are major causes of mortality in the New England region. @entity299 causes nearly 40 percent of all @entity204 in each of the six States and @entity66 , 7 percent of the @entity204 . Major risk factors for @entity741 that have been identified--elevated serum @entity165 , @entity101 , and cigarette smoking--are caused largely by lifestyle behaviors. Similarly, @entity66 results largely from uncontrolled @entity101 , much of which is attributable to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. In a series of studies evidence has accumulated that the reduction or elimination of these risk factors results in a decline in mortality rates. Many intervention programs have been mounted in the region, but there has been no population-wide effort to attack these risk factors. The task force proposed a broad range of activities for New Englanders at sites in the community and in health facilities. These activities would promote not smoking, exercising regularly, and maintaining desirable levels of serum @entity165 and blood pressure.

title: Report of the New England Task Force on Reducing @entity299 and XXXX Risk.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'Heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Seventy-three @entity1 (48 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 ; mean age, 5.7 years) with unilateral femoral or tibial shaft @entity174 were treated using elastic intramedullary nails at the authors' institution. There were 61 simple type A @entity174 (84%) and 12 wedge @entity174 (16%). All but 3 @entity1 had closed @entity174 . @entity1317 were seen in one third of the cases. All @entity174 were reduced by closed manipulation. Union was achieved in all cases without additional intervention. Technical problems occurred in few @entity1 . Improper nail length was seen in 4 cases. None of the study @entity1 developed @entity281 . No angulation greater than 15 degrees was found after @entity3330 . Nine @entity1 had length discrepancy greater than 10 mm. @entity174 showed a tendency for @entity3207 whereas transverse @entity174 were more associated with post-traumatic lengthening. No significant @entity893 or @entity3207 was seen in @entity174 . Torsional differences of greater than 15 degrees were detected by computed tomography or navigated ultrasound examination in nearly half of the @entity1 ; however, only 4 @entity1 had clinically apparent gait changes. The study confirms the satisfactory results of treating pediatric @entity174 using elastic nails. Proper surgical technique and intraoperative control of limb alignment can help avoid @entity86 .

title: Flexible intramedullary nailing in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Spiral fractures', 'type B fractures', 'lower limb fractures', 'tibial fractures']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deformities']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Associated injuries']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['axial malalignment']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['lower limb fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) is a rare disease; and to our knowledge, there are no reports on its profile in Arabs. The objective of this study was to preliminarily analyze the clinical characteristics of @entity4888 @entity1 seen in our institution. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective review of 140 @entity1 with pathologic or clinical diagnosis or differential diagnosis of @entity4888 for the period 2000-2006. @entity1 AND METHODS: Pathology reports with diagnosis or differential diagnosis of @entity4888 were retrieved and suspected cases were identified and reviewed. For pathologically confirmed cases, sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological details were collected. Details of staging, treatment modalities, and disease status at the last follow-up were retrieved. RESULTS: A total of 43 pathologically confirmed @entity4888 @entity1 (skin phototypes IV and V) with a mean age at diagnosis of 33.5 years were reviewed. This comprised 29 males (M:F ratio, 2:1), and the majority (86%) of @entity1 had early-stage (I and II) @entity4888 . Twenty-one (48.8%) @entity1 had classic @entity4888 ; 18 (41.8%), hypopigmented @entity4888 ; and 4 (9.3%), other variants. The male-to-female ratio was higher in the hypopigmented (3.5:1) than in the classic variant (1.6:1). The mean age at diagnosis was lower in the hypopigmented compared to the classic variant (25 versus 38.8 years, P=.019). The mean duration of follow-up was 27.6 months (range, 1-98 months). At the final assessment, 4 (9.5%) @entity1 recovered; whereas 35 (83.3%) had @entity272 ; 1 had (2.4%) extracutaneous disease; and 2 (4.8%) died of @entity4888 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4888 tends to affect younger Saudi @entity1 . The hypopigmented variant constitutes a significant proportion of @entity4888 cases, especially in younger @entity1 .

title: Profile of mycosis fungoides in 43 Saudi XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'Mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['MF skin disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the extent of @entity253 , and the degree of cell proliferation and apoptosis in bile duct cells (BDC) from @entity1 with @entity991 ( @entity991 ), with and without @entity201 ( @entity201 ). METHODS: Specimens of liver tissue from 16 @entity1 suffering from @entity991 and @entity201 , and 16 @entity1 with end-stage @entity991 without @entity5 , were investigated. Histological evaluation of presence of @entity253 and bile duct proliferation was made. Immunohistochemistry, applying antibodies against Ki-67, @entity876 and @entity588 , was used. Nuclear DNA fragmentation was assessed by in situ DNA labelling (ApopTag). The numbers of positive cells expressed as a percentage of the total number of @entity2386 constituted the @entity894 ( @entity894 ). RESULTS: @entity1157 was significantly more frequent in nontumorous liver tissue from @entity1 with @entity991 and @entity201 than from @entity1 having end-stage @entity991 without @entity5 (P < 0.05). @entity1 with @entity253 had a higher frequency of marked bile duct proliferation (P < 0.01) than @entity1 without @entity1141 . In @entity5 tissue, the @entity894 for Ki-67 positive nuclei was more than four times the @entity894 of nuclear DNA fragmentation (P < 0.01). Ki-67, @entity588 , @entity876 or DNA fragmentation were not significantly different in nontumorous liver tissue from @entity1 with and without @entity201 . Immunohistochemical staining for @entity876 was positive in 75% of the @entity5 , whilst in nontumorous tissue no such overexpression was found. CONCLUSION: @entity991 @entity1 with @entity201 more often display @entity253 than those with end-stage @entity991 , indicating that @entity253 may be a precancerous stage in @entity991 . Additionally, @entity876 mutation seems to be a late event in @entity5 development, since no @entity876 expression was found in the premalignant areas with nontumorous BDC.

title: XXXX , cell proliferation and nuclear DNA-fragmentation in @entity991 with and without @entity201 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labelling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Bile duct dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['CC', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['Biliary dysplasia']


abstract: Seeds respond to environmental signals, tuning their dormancy cycles to the seasons and thereby determining the optimum time for plant establishment. The molecular regulation of dormancy cycling is unknown, but an extensive range of mechanisms have been identified in laboratory experiments. Using a targeted investigation of gene expression over the dormancy cycle of @entity958 seeds in the field, we investigated how these mechanisms are seasonally coordinated. Depth of dormancy and gene expression patterns were correlated with seasonal changes in soil temperature. The results were consistent with @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) signaling linked to deep dormancy in winter being repressed in spring concurrent with enhanced DELLA repression of germination as depth of dormancy decreased. Dormancy increased during winter as soil temperature declined and expression of ABA synthesis ( @entity38191 ) and @entity9635 (GA) catabolism ( @entity38192 ) genes increased. This was linked to an increase in endogenous ABA that plateaus, but dormancy and @entity15352 and MFT expression continued to increase. The expression of SNF1-related protein kinases, SnrK 2.1 and 2.4, also increased consistent with enhanced ABA signaling and sensitivity being modulated by seasonal soil temperature. Dormancy then declined in spring and summer. Endogenous ABA decreased along with positive ABA signaling as expression of @entity38193 , @entity38194 , and ABA catabolism ( @entity38195 ) and GA synthesis ( @entity30422 ) genes increased. However, during the low-dormancy phase in the summer, expression of transcripts for the germination repressors @entity38196 and @entity38197 increased. Unlike deep winter dormancy, this represson can be removed on exposure to light, enabling the completion of germination at the correct time of year.

title: Dormancy cycling in XXXX seeds is controlled by seasonally distinct hormone-signaling pathways.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity9635 :: ('MESH:C007842', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellic acid']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The authors present specific clinical features of @entity1313 occurring in immature brain in comparison with those of older @entity1 and @entity1 . Twenty-six neonatal @entity1313 , which accounted for 11.3% of 231 @entity1313 diagnosed in the 1st year of life collected in a cooperative study in Japan, were analyzed. Although @entity816 were invariably common @entity5 in each age group, comprising 25.0% for all pediatric @entity1313 , @entity44 were the most common @entity1313 and accounted for 33.4% in this age group. Location of @entity5 in the immature brain was more striking, involving the posterior fossa region less commonly, as in 11.1% in neonatal, 29.5% in infantile, and 41.4% in all pediatric age groups. Surgical intervention was performed in 97.4% of the infantile and 79.1% of the neonatal cases, but total or subtotal resection of the mass was achieved only in 58.9% in the @entity1 and 73.7% in the neonates. There was more strict limitation in performing the adjuvant therapies in the immature age groups. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy were given only in 32.0% and 27.6%, respectively, in the neonatal cases. The prognosis was extremely poor in the immature cases: 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival rates were 59.3%, 26.1%, 11.5% in the @entity1 , and 43.5%, 23.8%, 7.1% in the neonates, respectively. Of the neonates, 76% and of the @entity1 73.1% were retarded. The present study delineates the characteristic clinical features of @entity5 involving immature brain and emphasized that establishment of more specific therapeutic modalities is urgent.

title: XXXX in Japan (ISPN Cooperative Study): specific clinical features in neonates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['type of neonatal brain tumors', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Congenital brain tumors']


abstract: Bi-directional interactions between the enteric nervous system and the immune system play an important role in gut @entity32 . We therefore investigated the effects of the inflammatory mediators, @entity3009 (PGD2, @entity1421 , PGI2, and PGF2 alpha) and leukotriene (LTC4), on @entity840 colonic secretion and on electrophysiological behaviour of submucosal neurones. In Ussing chambers, all inflammatory mediators evoked a dose-dependent increase in short circuit current (Isc) that represented electrogenic @entity2865 secretion. The secretory response was significantly reduced by @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) and @entity3897 suggesting involvement of cholinergic submucosal neurones. Long-term application of @entity2918 and LTC4 induced @entity4524 - and @entity3897 -sensitive cyclical @entity2865 secretions. Intracellular recordings revealed activation of submucosal neurones by all inflammatory mediators. This activation consisted of depolarisation of the membrane associated with increased spike discharge. Frequently, @entity2918 and LTC4 induced spontaneous occurrence of cholinergic fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Results suggest that the role of the enteric nervous system in neuroimmune interactions consists of a potentiation of the direct epithelial effect of inflammatory mediators by the activation of submucosal neurones. Ongoing nerve-mediated cyclical changes in @entity2865 secretion may be interpreted as the induction of intrinsic alarm programs. The effects of inflammatory mediators may serve as a defense mechanism to dilute noxious substances in the lumen.

title: Differential effects of inflammatory mediators on ion secretion in the XXXX colon.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The alterations in the body composition (BC) in both the active and remission phase of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) are poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE: To assess the BC of the @entity1 with @entity30 in active and remission phase, and compare with @entity23 ( @entity23 ). METHODS: BC was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita TBF-215 leg to leg portable impedance analyzer in 123 @entity1 with @entity30 and 100 matched @entity23 . Diet intake was assessed by 24 hours diet recall method. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 was 36.4 +/- 12.6 years and 56% were males. @entity1 in active phase as well as in remission phase had a lower BMI than @entity23 (18.8 +/- 3.6 vs. 23.9 +/- 4.0; p = 0.001 and 18.8 +/- 3.6 vs. 21.6 +/- 5.0; p = 0.002). The fat mass (FM) in active phase was significantly lower than that in remission phase (8.2 +/- 5.9 vs. 13.4 +/- 10.6 kg; p = 0.005) and @entity23 (8.2 +/- 5.9 kg vs. 14.1 +/- 7.5 kg; p = 0.001). FM did not differ between remission phase and @entity23 . The @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) of @entity23 was significantly higher than that of both remission phase (48.9 +/- 7.4 kg vs. 43.3 +/- 10.4 kg; p = 0.001) and active phase (48.9 +/- 7.4 kg vs. 40.7 +/- 8.5 kg; p = 0.001). There was no difference in the @entity1386 of @entity1 in both phases; p = 0.356. The intake of macronutrients was comparable between the two phases; however lower than that of @entity23 . CONCLUSION: Both FM and @entity1386 were depleted in the active phase, while only @entity1386 was deficient in the remission phase of @entity30 , indicating a poor recovery of lean mass in remission.

title: Body composition in Indian @entity1 with XXXX during active and remission phase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['FFM', 'fat free mass']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: The causes of severe childhood @entity565 are poorly understood. Our aim was to define global patterns of gene expression in @entity1 with severe therapy-resistant and controlled @entity565 . White blood cells were isolated and the global transcriptome profile was characterised using the Affymetrix @entity1 Gene ST 1.0 chip in @entity1 with severe, therapy-resistant @entity565 (n=17), controlled @entity565 (n=19) and healthy controls (n=18). Receptor expression was studied in separated leukocyte fractions from asthmatic adults (n=12). Overall, 1378 genes were differentially expressed between @entity1 with severe/controlled @entity565 and controls. Three significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were represented: natural killer cell-mediated @entity137 (upregulated in controlled @entity565 ); N-glycan biosynthesis (downregulated in severe @entity565 ); and bitter taste transduction receptors (TAS2Rs) (upregulated in severe @entity565 ). Quantitative PCR experiments confirmed upregulation of TAS2Rs in severe @entity748 . TAS2R expression was replicated in leukocytes from adult @entity748 , in which TAS2R agonists also inhibited LPS-induced cytokine release. Significant correlations between expression of TAS2Rs and clinical markers of @entity565 severity were found in both adults and @entity1 . In conclusion, specific gene expression patterns were observed in @entity1 with severe, therapy-resistant @entity565 . The increased expression of bronchodilatory TAS2Rs suggests a new target for the treatment of @entity565 .

title: Transcriptome analysis reveals upregulation of bitter taste receptors in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatics']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Surgical repair for @entity1028 has become more frequent and the mortality associated with elective surgery has been reduced, but the overall mortality for @entity1756 remains unacceptably high. The dilemma for the vascular surgeon is whether to operate early and electively on asymptomatic small @entity439 , less than 5 cm in diameter, or to delay surgery, adopting a wait-and-see attitude. The purpose of this retrospective study was to review a recent 5-year experience of elective @entity439 surgery, with special emphasis on the perioperative outcome of surgical repair of asymptomatic small @entity439 , in order to evaluate whether early mortality and morbidity justify an @entity146 approach. METHODS: The report concerns a series of 141 consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity439 repair for small (n = 65, group I) and large @entity439 (n = 76, group II). For each group, the age, sex, risk factors and associated diseases, operative and aortic cross-clamping times, estimated @entity190 , blood transfusion volume, type of operation and graft, perioperative morbidity and mortality, and causes of @entity204 were recorded and compared. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 were males. The mean age of the @entity1 was lower in group I than in group II. No statistically significant difference was found from the comparison of the risk factors and associated diseases in groups I and II. The mean operating time was 82 minutes in group I, 98 minutes in group II, and the aortic cross-clamping time was also shorter in group I (37 min versus 52 min), whereas @entity190 was greater, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The operative mortality rate was higher in group II than in group I (1.3% versus 0%, P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: Elective small @entity439 repair is recommended in good-risk @entity1 for the following reasons: (i) the operative mortality and morbidity rates are lower in small than in large @entity439 @entity1 , and (ii) the small @entity439 repair is technically easier and safer to perform. In addition, there are two other considerations that are more difficult to quantify, but may support an @entity146 approach: the cost-benefit ratio is better with early diagnosis and elective surgery, before an emergency operation is required, and personal choice and psychological reasons can induce @entity1 to prefer early elective repair to periodic monitoring by ultrasound or computed tomography scans.

title: Elective surgery for small XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The success of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using tendon grafts depends on biological integration between the tendon and bone. Growth factors play a significant role in this integration process, but few studies have defined the regulating mechanisms of these growth factors during @entity79 . The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between the histological changes and the expression of endogenous growth factors at the tendon-bone interface. METHODS: Using intra-articular tendon transfer in @entity95 to stimulate ACL reconstruction, the presence of @entity33326 ( @entity33326 ), @entity94 ( @entity94 ), @entity9040 ( @entity9040 ), and @entity9041 at the interface between the tendon and bone was evaluated immunohistochemically. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations were performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Fibrous integration of the tendon graft to the bone was observed immediately after tendon transfer and followed remodeling of the bone tunnel. Fibroblast and vascular growth factors were found in abundance at the tendon-bone interface in the first 3 weeks of graft incorporation, but were absent in the 12-week specimens. BMPs were found throughout the 12-week study period and were observed at high concentrations near the bone. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity33326 and @entity94 contribute to fibrous integration between the tendon and bone during the early postoperative stage, and that @entity9040 and @entity9041 are specifically involved in bone remodeling leading to osseous integration. The early stages of @entity79 might be important in controlling the integration process of the interface in ACL reconstruction surgery as seen in this @entity95 model.

title: Immunohistochemical demonstration of growth factors at the tendon-bone interface in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['tendon-bone healing']

entities_list: @entity94 :: ('100008899(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphology of congenitally bicuspid aortic valves causing pure @entity338 . DESIGN: A case series collected over five years. SETTING: An academic hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and forty eight excised congenitally bicuspid aortic valves. The morphological findings were correlated with sex, age, clinical history, and data on haemodynamic function before operation. Pure @entity338 was defined as grade 3-4/4 with a gradient less than 30 mm Hg. @entity384 was evaluated angiographically or echocardiographically or both. RESULTS: Three types were recognised: valves that were purely bicuspid (23%), bicuspid valves with a raphe (34%), and valves with an additional indentation of the free edge of the conjoined cusp (43%). In 14 cases pure @entity338 was present. Dilatation of the aortic root was present in 47 cases. The relative risk for regurgitation when the aortic root was dilated (compared with no dilatation) was 3.99. The relative risk for @entity338 when there was indentation of the conjoined cusp (compared with no indentation) was 4.95. The mean age at operation in @entity1 with pure regurgitation was 56 years, which is significantly younger (p = 0.0008) than that of @entity1 with a congenitally bicuspid valve with @entity849 and regurgitation (64.7 years). CONCLUSIONS: Congenitally bicuspid aortic valves with a central indentation of the free edge of the conjoined cusp seem particularly likely to develop pure @entity337 .

title: XXXX and the congenitally bicuspid aortic valve: a clinico-pathological correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic root dilatation']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['combined valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve regurgitation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['Aortic valve regurgitation']


abstract: @entity1810 , and its type 1 ( @entity20033 ) receptor, are critical to the pathogenesis of @entity82 . In toxicologic studies of 4 or more days in 10-week-old @entity35 , using an @entity20033 inhibitor ( @entity37602 ), expansion of @entity1184 and proliferation zones of femoral physes were noted. Subphyseal @entity4916 , chondrocyte @entity1184 / @entity1373 , and increased matrix were present. Physeal zones were laser microdissected from @entity20033 inhibitor-treated and control @entity35 sacrificed after 3 days of treatment. Transcripts for @entity1810 , @entity4579 , @entity20033 , @entity12107 , @entity6667 , @entity21405 , @entity2135 , @entity664 , and @entity11184 were amplified by real-time PCR. IGF and @entity12107 increased in all physis zones with treatment, but were most prominent in prehypertrophic zones. @entity4579 , @entity664 and @entity21405 expression increased in proliferative, pre-and @entity1184 zones. @entity11184 expression was elevated in proliferative zones but decreased in @entity1184 zones. @entity6667 expression was increased after treatment in pre- and @entity1184 zones. @entity20033 expression was elevated in prehypertrophic zones. Zymography demonstrated gelatinolytic activity was reduced after treatment. Apoptotic markers (TUNEL and @entity4124 ) were decreased in @entity1184 zones. Proliferation assessed by Topoisomerase II and Ki67 was increased in multiple zones. Movat stains demonstrated that proteoglycan deposition was altered. Physeal changes occurred at doses well above those resulting in @entity82 . Interactions of factors is important in producing the @entity1141 phenotype.

title: Inhibition of XXXX signaling induces @entity1141 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4916 :: ('MESH:D015576', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['physeal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity20033 :: (29591(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['ALK5']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity4243 ( @entity4243 ), especially types IV, VI, and @entity797 , are at increased risk of @entity548 , and most do not have specific @entity4461 that would be amenable to replacement therapy. We have investigated the ability of @entity7062 ( @entity7062 ) to control @entity548 in @entity4243 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Two @entity1 with @entity4243 , types @entity797 and VI, presented with @entity6243 and scheduled surgical procedures. Ivy @entity548 times (BTs) were measured before and after intravenous (i.v.) DDAVP challenge, and i.v. DDAVP was used prophylactically for their procedures. Laboratory testing was performed to rule out other @entity4461 . RESULTS: Both @entity1 had prolonged BTs that corrected following i.v. DDAVP therapy; all other laboratory values were normal. Both @entity1 had excellent clinical hemostasis with surgery, and one has continued to use intranasal DDAVP to control @entity1415 and @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity548 time in both @entity1 was corrected with DDAVP, and the @entity1 did not have any @entity86 . DDAVP should be considered in other @entity1 who have @entity4243 with @entity548 tendencies.

title: DDAVP therapy controls XXXX in @entity4243 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['DDAVP', 'desmopressin acetate']

entities_list: @entity6243 :: ('MESH:D006474', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome', 'EDS']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['hemostatic disorders', 'hemostatic deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the potential advantage of @entity342 ablation following standard external-beam radiation therapy in @entity1 with locally advanced (clinical or pathologic T3; clinical or pathologic node positive) @entity263 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: In 1987 the RTOG initiated a Phase III trial of long-term adjuvant goserelin in definitively irradiated @entity1 with @entity263 . A total of 977 @entity1 were accrued to the study of which 945 remain analyzable: 477 on the adjuvant hormone arm (Arm I); and 468 on the radiation only arm (Arm II) with hormones initiated at relapse. The initial results were reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in 1997. RESULTS: With a median follow up of 5.6 years for all @entity1 and 6.0 years for living @entity1 local failure at 8 years was 23% for Arm I and 37% for Arm II (p < 0.0001). Distant @entity3 was likewise favorably impacted with the immediate use of hormonal manipulation with a distant @entity3 rate in Arm I of 27% and 37% in Arm II (p < 0.0001). Disease-free survival (NED survival) and NED survival with PSA of 1.5 ng/mL (bNED) or less were both statistically significant in favor of the immediate hormone arm (both p < 0.0001). Cause-specific failure was not statistically different with a cause-specific failure of 16% for Arm I and 21% in Arm II (p = 0.23). Overall survival was likewise not statistically different between two arms, with a 49% overall survival at 8 years in Arm I and 47% in Arm II (p = 0.36). Subset analysis of centrally reviewed Gleason 8-10 @entity1 who did not undergo prostatectomy showed that for @entity1 receiving radiation therapy plus adjuvant hormones there was a statistically significant improvement in both absolute (p = 0.036) and cause-specific survival (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Use of long-term adjuvant @entity342 deprivation in addition to definitive radiation therapy results in a highly significant improvement in regards to local control, freedom from distant @entity3 , and biochemical free survival in unfavorable prognosis @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: Updated results of the phase III Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trial 85-31 evaluating the potential benefit of XXXX suppression following standard radiation therapy for unfavorable prognosis @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity302 is a serious health problem in the world and there is a huge population suffering from it every year. If an algorithm could automatically detect @entity410 and deliver the @entity1 therapy or notify the hospital, that would be of great assistance. Analyzing the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most common way to detect the onset of a @entity410 . In this paper, we proposed the context-learning based EEG analysis for @entity410 detection (Context-EEG) algorithm. METHODS: The proposed method aims at extracting both the hidden inherent features within EEG fragments and the temporal features from EEG contexts. First, we segment the EEG signals into EEG fragments of fixed length. Second, we learn the hidden inherent features from each fragment with a sparse auto-encoder and thus the dimensionality of the original data is reduced. Third, we translate each EEG fragment to an EEG word so that a continuous EEG signal is converted to a sequence of EEG words. Fourth, by analyzing the context information of EEG words, we learn the temporal features for EEG signals. And finally, we concatenate the hidden features and the temporal features together to train a binary classifier which can be used to detect the onset of an @entity302 sezure. RESULTS: 4302 EEG fragments from four different @entity1 are used to train and test our model. An error rate of 22.93 % is achieved by our model as a general, non- @entity1 specific @entity410 detector. The error rate of our model is averagely 16.7 % lower than the other baseline models. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC curve) and area under curve (AUC) confirm the effectiveness of our model. Furthermore, we discuss the extracted features and how to reconstruct the original data based on the extracted features, as well as the parameter sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Given a EEG fragment, by extracting high-quality features (the hidden inherent features and temporal features) from the EEG signals, our Context-EEG model is able to detect the onset of a @entity410 with high accuracy in real time.

title: Detecting XXXX with electroencephalogram via a context-learning model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'Epileptic seizure']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizures']


abstract: MicroRNA-335 ( @entity16105 ), as a transcript of genomic region chromosome 7q32.2, acts as a @entity5 suppressor or @entity5 promoter in various @entity1 @entity5 . Especially, it has been reportedly shown to be an oncogene in @entity1 @entity11 cell line in vitro, but its expression in @entity1 @entity11 tissues is not yet determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of @entity16105 expression in @entity11 . @entity16105 expression in @entity1 @entity11 and nonneoplastic brain tissues was measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay. The association of @entity16105 expression with clinicopathological factors and prognosis of @entity11 @entity1 was statistically analyzed. The expression level of @entity16105 in @entity11 tissues was significantly higher than that in corresponding nonneoplastic brain tissues (P < 0.001). In addition, high @entity16105 expression was significantly associated with a higher WHO grade (P = 0.001). Survival analysis demonstrated that @entity1 with high @entity16105 expression @entity5 had significantly shorter survival times than those with low @entity16105 expression @entity5 (P = 0.01) and that @entity16105 was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.02). Especially, subgroup analyses according to @entity5 histologic grade revealed that the mean survival time of @entity1 with high grade (III-IV) was significantly worse for high @entity16105 expression group than for low @entity16105 expression group (P = 0.002), but no significant difference was found for @entity1 with WHO grade I-II (P = 0.16). These results indicated that @entity16105 expression was increased in @entity1 @entity11 and was associated with advanced @entity5 progression. Furthermore, @entity16105 expression was demonstrated for the first time to be an independent marker for predicting the clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity11 .

title: Tumor microRNA-335 expression is associated with poor prognosis in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']