abstract: @entity28966 ( @entity28966 ) in rodents is a potent membrane complement regulator that inhibits complement C3 activation by both classical and alternative pathways. To clarify the role of complement in @entity1988 , MRL/lpr @entity19 were given @entity28966 as a recombinant protein ( @entity28966 -Ig) from 12 to 24 wk of age. Control groups were given saline or normal mouse IgG. Sera and urine were collected biweekly. Only 1 of 20 (5%) @entity28966 -Ig-treated @entity19 developed @entity177 (BUN > 50 mg/dl) compared with 18 of 38 (47.4%) @entity19 in control groups (P = 0.001). BUN levels at 24 wk were reduced from 68.8 +/- 9.7 mg/dl in control groups to 38.5 +/- 3.9 mg/dl in the @entity28966 -Ig-treated group (P < 0.01). Urinary albumin excretion at 24 wk was also significantly reduced from 5.3 +/- 1.4 mg/mg @entity1011 in the control groups to 0.5 +/- 0.2 mg/mg @entity1011 in the @entity28966 -Ig-treated group (P < 0.05). Of the histologic data at 24 wk, there was a significant reduction in scores for @entity631 and C3d, IgG, @entity5696 , and IgA staining intensity in glomeruli in complement-inhibited animals. @entity28966 -Ig-treated animals were also protected from @entity75 . Although there was no effect on relevant autoimmune manifestations such as anti-double stranded DNA titers or cryoglobulin @entity5696 levels, circulating immune complex levels were markedly higher in complement-inhibited animals. Thus, inhibition of complement activation with @entity28966 -Ig significantly reduces @entity8 in MRL/lpr lupus @entity19 . The data support the strategy of using recombinant complement C3 inhibitors to treat @entity1 @entity1988 .

title: Administration of a soluble recombinant complement C3 inhibitor protects against @entity8 in MRL/lpr XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic lesions']

entities_list: @entity28966 :: ('12946(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Crry', 'Complement receptor 1-related gene/protein y']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BAEPs were prospectively studied in thirty @entity1 with @entity1276 prior to and within 48 hours of @entity2841 diversion. They comprised @entity1 with (1) @entity17692 (2) @entity5 (3) third @entity5 . Preshunt BAEPs were abnormal in 80% @entity1 with @entity17692 , 70% @entity1 with third @entity5 and in all @entity1 with @entity5 . Postshunt BAEPs improved in 70% @entity1 with @entity5 and in 40% @entity1 with third @entity5 . In both the groups I-III and III-V interpeak latency improved. In group 1, ( @entity17692 ) none of the @entity1 showed improvement in the BAEP after shunt. In 7 @entity1 of this group CCT deteriorated after the shunt. The deterioration was at the III-V interlatency in 5 @entity1 . One @entity1 had deteriorated at both I-III and III-V levels and another had prolongation of the I-III interlatency after shunting. In 6 @entity1 the wave V amplitude reduced by more than 50% after shunting.

title: Effect of @entity2841 shunt on brainstem auditory evoked potential in XXXX secondary to brain tumour.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tumour', 'brainstem tumours', 'ventricular tumours', 'brainstem tumour']

entities_list: @entity17692 :: ('MESH:D002528', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar tumours', 'cerebellar tumour']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity731 . We investigated the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on vasomotor function and @entity2842 levels, an important serological marker of @entity32 . METHODS: We administered micronized @entity1420 (MP) 200 mg for 10 days with conjugated @entity1641 @entity172 (CEE) 0.625 mg for 25 days and remaining 5 days off cyclically during 2 months to 20 healthy postmenopausal @entity1 (PMW). We measured NO bioactivity and plasma levels of @entity2842 before and after HRT in 20 PMW. And we measured plasma levels of @entity2842 in each 20 subjects of premenopausal @entity1 , @entity1 <50, and @entity1 >50 years, respectively. RESULTS: MP combined with CEE significantly improved the percent flow-mediated dilator response to @entity450 relative to baseline measurements (P<0.001). PMW receiving HRT had lower levels of @entity2842 than those not receiving HRT (121+/-38 versus 146+/-44 pg/ml, P<0.001). In all comparisons, subjects with high @entity172 status had significantly lower @entity2842 levels than subjects with low @entity172 status (P<0.001 by ANOVA). Premenopausal @entity1 had lower levels of @entity2842 than @entity1 of a similar age (106+/-14 versus 164+/-40 pg/ml, P<0.001). PMW not receiving HRT had similar levels of @entity2842 compared with @entity1 of a similar age (146+/-44 versus 143+/-29 pg/ml, P=0.816). Premenopausal @entity1 had markedly lower levels of @entity2842 than PMW not receiving HRT (106+/-14 versus 146+/-44 pg/ml, P=0.001). PMW receiving HRT had similar levels of @entity2842 compared with premenopausal @entity1 (121+/-38 versus 106+/-14 pg/ml, P=0.323). CONCLUSION: These findings might provide at least a partial explanation for the protection against @entity65 experienced by premenopausal @entity1 , and the loss of that protection following menopause.

title: Effect of hormone replacement therapy on nitric oxide bioactivity and XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2842 :: (6347,Gene) :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Association Fran  aise d 'Urologie conducted a national epidemiological study in 1997. Using our database, we compared our results, up-dated the epidemiological data and evaluated the differences observed over a period of 15 years. @entity1 AND METHODS: 844 @entity1 operated for @entity703 between 1985 and 2000 were analysed and 810 were included in this study. Survival analysis was performed according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Relative risks were determined by the Log-Rank test and multivariate analysis was performed with the @entity797 regression model. The limit of significance was 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 59.6 years (range: 14.6-90.2). Most @entity5 were discovered incidentally by ultrasound. The mean @entity5 diameter was 61.7 mm (range: 20-230). The most frequent surgical operation was radical nephrectomy, but there was a tendency towards an increasing number of conservative operations. Histology revealed 94% of @entity1358 , with 73% of conventional cell @entity189 . The mean follow-up was 49 months (range: 0-197) and 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 74.9 months and 62.6 months, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis confirmed the prognostic significance of N and M stage, Fuhrman grade, histological type, as well as renal capsule invasion. CONCLUSION: Our data largely confirm those of the last national study conducted in 1997 as well as those of the international literature. @entity703 are increasingly discovered incidentally, but @entity5 size and the age of @entity1 remain stable, while the number of conservative procedures continues to increase each year In addition to the usual prognostic factors, we found that renal capsule invasion was an independent prognostic factor.

title: [ @entity703 : single-centre study of 810 XXXX . Changing features over a period of 15 years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney tumours', 'kidney tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Family caregivers complete caregiving tasks but may not explore their own feelings about their caregiving experience. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to develop an experience-based caregiving burden scale for caregivers of @entity1 with @entity5 and to estimate its predictive value for @entity308 . METHODS: The instrument was first systematically constructed on the basis of data obtained from detailed interviews of 12 caregivers. Then, 134 caregivers completed the questionnaire as a field test to estimate the psychometric properties of the developed tool. RESULTS: We achieved a 13-item Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS) with 3 dimensions: health impact, role competence, and resource and growth. The construct validity, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency reliability of the CBS were satisfactory. A CBS score higher than 25.5, or health impact subscale score higher than 10.5, or role performance score higher than 7.5 indicated significant @entity308 and the need for assistance from healthcare providers. CONCLUSION: The CBS has adequate reliability and validity to assess the burden experienced by caregivers of @entity1 with @entity5 . It was also predictive for significant @entity308 . IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: Nurses may use the CBS to provide timely assistance to family caregivers during their caregiving for a @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Development of an Experience-Based Caregiver Burden Scale in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage cancer', 'advanced cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Advanced Cancer']


abstract: @entity3154 has been used as a @entity5 imaging agent in adults with @entity706 , @entity1313 , @entity259 and @entity79 . The application of 201Tl in pediatric oncology has been very limited. METHODS: Whole-body 201Tl studies were incorporated into the imaging protocols of 45 @entity1 with solid soft-tissue @entity5 . Bone and 67Ga scans as well as 131I-MIBG scans for @entity1 with @entity521 were obtained. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity706 , five with @entity978 and twelve with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) were studied. All of the @entity1 with @entity978 showed avid uptake of 201Tl and 67Ga. The six @entity1 with B-cell @entity1893 had positive 67Ga scans and four had positive 201Tl scans. There was variable uptake in T-cell and @entity1893 with an overall sensitivity of 69% for 201Tl and 85% for 67Ga. In 14 @entity1 with @entity980 , 10 (71%) had positive 201Tl scans and 11 (79%) had positive 67Ga images. Gallium and @entity4214 scans detected lesions equally. There was poor uptake of 201Tl in the six @entity1 with @entity521 . @entity5 and @entity3 were detected more readily with the bone and MIBG scans. Three @entity1 with @entity3969 had poor or no uptake on 201Tl images, two of three @entity1 with histocytosis had no significant uptake and one @entity1 had mild uptake of 201Tl. One @entity1 with primitive @entity4969 had positive 201Tl and 67Ga images and one @entity1 with a @entity6011 had negative 201Tl and 67Ga images. There was no correlation with histological types of @entity5 or disease staging. CONCLUSION: This study shows significant uptake of 201Tl in many pediatric solid soft-tissue @entity5 . Additional study is needed to determine 201Tl effects on treatment response and @entity5 viability. Also, more studies are needed to assess 201Tl delayed images to determine if there is more tracer concentration in the @entity5 .

title: XXXX -201 scintigraphy in pediatric soft-tissue @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity6011 :: ('MESH:D018319', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated lymphoma', "non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity4214 :: (MESH:D013793,Chemical) :: ['Thallium']


abstract: The local cellular response induced by i.p. injection of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) was studied in C3H/HeN @entity19 and ACI/ @entity35 . @entity1139 -induced peritoneal macrophages showed the maximum in vitro tumoricidal activity against 125I-UdR-labeled syngeneic @entity5 target cells 4 to 7 days after the i.p. injection of @entity1139 at a single dose of 3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg in @entity19 and @entity35 , respectively. The tumoricidal activity was dependent on the dose of @entity1138 injected and it was alos detectable against allogeneic and xenogeneic @entity5 target cells. In addition, these tumoricidal macrophages were found to have augmented functions of @entity897 incorporation and phagocytosis. Additional experiments excluded the possibility that the @entity5 cell cytolysis was the result of direct cytotoxicity of @entity1139 that might have been incorporated into the peritoneal macrophages or of nutrient depletion in the medium during the cytolysis assay. Although the mechanism by which @entity1139 injected i.p. induced the tumoricidal macrophages locally remained undetermined, in vitro production of macrophage-activating factor (MAF) from splenocytes cultured with concanavalin A was enhanced remarkably, following exposure of the spleen to @entity1139 in vivo or in vitro, indicating the involvement of lymphokine in the induction of tumoricidal macrophages by @entity1139 . Among other anticancer drugs, which were used at a dose of three-fifths of LD50, only @entity632 (7.5 mg/kg) was capable of inducing tumoricidal macrophages. A better understanding of the effect of anticancer drugs on macrophage tumoricidal activity may be useful in designing more effective local chemotherapy for cancerous peritoneal effusions.

title: [Induction of activated macrophages by intraperitoneal injection of XXXX in @entity19 and @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxy-D-glucose']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Bushengzhuyang Fang (Yangjing Capsule, YJC) on penile erectile function and its action mechanisms in @entity35 . METHODS: Fifty-six male SD @entity35 were randomly divided into seven groups of equal number: blank control, daidzein, daidzein + testosterone, daidzein + sildenafil, daidzein + low-dose YJC, daidzein + medium-dose YJC, and daidzein + high-dose YJC. The @entity35 in the blank control group were treated intragastrically with normal saline and those in the other groups with daidzein at the dose of 100 mg per kg per day for 30 days. Then the last five groups received additionally testosterone (4 mg per kg per day), sildenafil (2.5 mg per kg per day), low-dose YJC, (0.315 mg per kg per day), medium-dose YJC (0.63 mg per kg per day), and high-dose YJC (1. 26 mg per kg per day), respectively. At 0, 30 and 60 days of treatment, we observed the apomorphine-induced spontaneous erectile response and pathological changes in the corpus cavernosum of the @entity35 , recorded the number of penile erection and erectile incubation period, and determined the serum levels of testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH). RESULTS: At 30 days of treatment, the number of apomorphine-induced erections was decreased, the erectile incubation period prolonged, and the serum levels of T and LH reduced remarkably in all groups of @entity35 (P < 0.05). Compared with the findings at 30 days, the number of penile erections was significantly decreased at 60 days in the daidzein group (1.39    0.42 vs 2.67    0.33, P < 0.05) and daidzein + low-dose YJC group (1.33    0.49 vs 2.83    0.61, P < 0.05); the erectile incubation period was markedly ex- tended ([16.33    3.11] vs [8.50    0.93] min and [15.50    3.21] vs [8.63    1.54] min, P < 0.05); and the serum levels of T ([5.34    0.89] vs [1.24    0.30] ng/ml and [5.28    1.12] vs [2.07    0.76] ng/ml, P < 0.05) and LH ([3.62    0.37] vs [2.09    0.12] ng/ml and [3.79    0.28] vs [2.17    0.33] ng/ml, P < 0.05) were significantly reduced in the daidzein and daidzein + low-dose YJC groups, respectively. Pathological examination revealed slightly decreased cavernous sinuses and blood vessels in the corpus cavernosum of the @entity35 in the daidzein + testosterone, daidzein + sildenafil, daidzein + medium-dose YJC, and daidzein + high-dose YJC groups as compared with those in the blank control group. CONCLUSION: High-dose Yangjing Capsule is efficacious for the recovery of erectile function in @entity35 , especially for phytoestrogen-induced @entity323 .

title: [Therapeutic efficacy of Bushengzhuyang Fang (Yangjing Capsule) on phytoestrogen-induced XXXX : an experimental study].

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: This report describes a @entity79 which was not found during 1st surgery causing perforation to the superior part of the arch of aorta. The @entity1 presented with feeling of something stucked in her throat after eating fish subsequently followed by progressive excruciating @entity158 in the neck. During 2nd surgery the fish bone was found to have migrated from the superior aspect of the arch of aorta to the anterolateral aspect of the arch of aorta after piercing the aortic lumen. We report a case of @entity79 which was not found during 1st surgery. The clinical examination of the throat revealed no foreign body. The CT scan of the neck and upper thorax demonstrated a 1cm linear foreign body part of which had perforated into the superior part of the arch of aorta with mediastinal @entity1410 . The most likely cause was a fish bone. The @entity1 ' @entity558 slowly deteriorated, median sternotomy and exploration of mediastinum then followed. Unfortunately no fish bone was found and only mediastinal @entity1410 was discovered. After the first operation the @entity1 condition did not improve and repeat CT scan of the neck and upper thorax was done 3 days later. A similar foreign body has now moved from the superior aspect of the arch of aorta to the anterolateral aspect of arch of aorta. Exploration was done again and this time the fish bone was found.

title: Perforation of oesophagus and aorta by an unusual XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['s condition']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['migratory fish bone']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['migratory fish bone']


abstract: AIMS: To study the relationship between comedonecrosis formation and morphology, apoptosis, and @entity876 , @entity588 , Ki-67 index and @entity5962 expression in early invasive @entity0 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Early invasive @entity0 were first divided into two groups according to the presence ( @entity5 ) or absence ( @entity5 ) of comedonecrosis. The histological grade, apoptosis, and expression of @entity5962 , Ki-67, @entity876 and @entity588 in the @entity5 -affected area, and in normal ducts from the specimen, were then examined. RESULTS: Less tubule and gland formation was seen in @entity5 than in @entity5 , although the histological grade between the groups was not different. During early comedonecrosis, cells undergo apoptosis and subsequent @entity39 . @entity876 was higher in @entity5 than in @entity5 and normal ducts, whereas @entity588 was lower in @entity5 than in @entity5 and normal ducts. Both @entity5 had higher Ki-67 than in normal ducts, but no difference was evident between the @entity5 . @entity5 had slightly higher @entity5962 than that in @entity5 , but lower than that in normal ducts. The level of comedonecrosis was positively correlated with @entity876 , but inversely correlated with @entity588 in all @entity5 , and @entity876 and @entity588 were inversely correlated with each other. Furthermore, comedonecrosis and @entity876 were correlated with Ki-67 in @entity5 , and @entity588 was correlated with Ki-67 in @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Comedonecrosis may be actively regulated through an apoptotic procedure in massive @entity5 for their survival and progression, and the above proteins may be associated cooperatively in this process. CN+ and @entity5 may have opposite proliferative systems under the @entity876 - @entity588 pathway.

title: Relationship of @entity876 , @entity588 , Ki-67 index and XXXX expression in early invasive @entity0 with comedonecrosis as an accelerated apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CN+ tumours', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'CN- tumours']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['E-cadherin']


abstract: The use of the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) in promoting venous drainage in tissues whose vitality is threatened by @entity450 and @entity3885 , especially in plastic and reconstructive surgery, has been complicated by infections caused by Aeromonas spp. These are leech endosymbionts for which @entity1 undergoing hirudotherapy frequently receive systemic chemoprophylaxis. In order to evaluate the possibility of rendering leeches safe for use on @entity1 , H. medicinalis were fed artificially with a 2 g/L @entity369 solution (used as a phagostimulant) supplemented with @entity2177 (100 mg/L). Aeromonads were detected in 57 out of 80 control leeches (71.3%), but in none of the 56 leeches treated with @entity2177 (p <0.001). Treated leeches survived for up to 4 months. Tested weekly, 61% of these leeches took @entity1 blood for at least 4 weeks after treatment and all remained negative for aeromonads. All water samples in which leeches were kept before treatment were contaminated with Aeromonas spp.; none were detected in any of the @entity1219 / @entity369 solutions with which treated animals were fed. Molecular characterization of two phenotypically distinct isolates using gyrB sequencing showed that one clustered tightly with A. veronii and the other was closely related to A. media. Other environmental bacteria and fungi were isolated from 26.5% of treated leeches that had taken a blood meal 1-4 weeks after treatment. @entity2177 reduced the number of leech-associated aeromonads to undetectable levels for extended periods. Most treated leeches were ready to take a blood meal after treatment, suggesting the possibility of using @entity2177 -treated leeches instead of chemoprophylaxis in @entity1 undergoing hirudotherapy.

title: Elimination of symbiotic Aeromonas spp. from the intestinal tract of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, using XXXX feeding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: When modelling the transmission of @entity281 within small populations, it is necessary to consider the possibility of stochastic fade-out of @entity281 . We present a semi-stochastic model for the transmission of a microparasite, in this case @entity526 O157, within a multigroup system, namely a typical UK dairy herd. The model includes birth, @entity204 , maturation, the dry/lactating cycle and various types of transmission (i.e. direct, pseudovertical (representing direct faecal-oral transmission between dam and @entity291 within the first 48 h) and indirect (via free-living infectious units in the environment)). We present the results of our simulation study alongside data from empirical studies and also compare simulation results with those for the corresponding deterministic model. We then examine the effects of reducing shedding in the food-producing groups on outbreak size and prevalence of @entity281 . A sensitivity analysis of herd prevalence reveals that, for both the deterministic and the semi-stochastic model, the prevalence within the herd is most sensitive to two parameters relating to the weaned group. This supports our previously reported conclusions for the deterministic model, which were based on an analysis of the next-generation matrix. The sensitivity analysis also indicates that herd prevalence is greatly affected by two other parameters relating to the lactating group. We conclude by discussing the possible efficacy of suggested intervention strategies.

title: A semi-stochastic model of the transmission of XXXX O157 in a typical UK dairy herd: dynamics, sensitivity analysis and intervention/prevention strategies.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The right ventricular (RV) response to exercise was assessed in 32 @entity1 with angiographically documented @entity453 and in 14 normal controls without @entity66 . The relationships between exercise RV reserve, exercise left ventricular (LV) reserve, and the presence of proximal @entity3979 were also evaluated. RV and LV ejection fractions were determined using first-pass radionuclide angiocardiograms. The normal response to exercise was at least a 5% absolute increase in RV and LV ejection fractions. In the group with @entity453 , RV ejection fraction either decreased or remained the same with exercise (abnormal exercise RV reserve) in 19 of 32 @entity1 . LV exercise reserve was abnormal in 26 of 32 @entity1 . All 19 @entity1 with abnormal exercise RV reserve had abnormal exercise LV reserve, and all six @entity1 with normal LV reserve had normal RV reserve. There was a significant linear relationship between the direction and magnitude of change from rest to exercise of LV ejection fraction and RV ejection fraction (r = 0.77). In contrast, the RV response to exercise was not primarily dependent upon the presence or absence of proximal @entity3979 . These data suggest that abnormal exercise RV reserve occurs frequently in @entity453 and that the concomitant LV response to exercise appears to be its major determinant.

title: Response of right ventricular ejection fraction to upright bicycle exercise in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['right coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: A lesion of the @entity5702 ( @entity5702 ) results in enhanced secretion of @entity3695 and reduced release of the other hormones from the anterior pituitary. We measured the volume percentage of the @entity3695 -secreting mammotrophs, stained immunocytochemically, under several experimental conditions to assess the morphological correlated of the high secretion of @entity3695 . In addition, gonadotrophs were stained both tinctorially with the periodic acid- @entity9376 and immunocytochemically with antibodies to luteinizing hormone. Anterior pituitaries were studied from female @entity35 which were: (1) cycling, (2) ovariectomized for 2 weeks, (3) ovariectomized for 2 weeks with a lesion of the @entity5702 for 1, 14 and 21 days. The volume percentage of mammotrophs and gonadotrophs in the lateral, central and middle fields of the anterior pituitary was determined and this measurement was expressed relative to endocrine cellular area so that vascular space and @entity39 regions would not be included in the assessment. Ovariectomy significantly decreased mammotroph and increased gonadotroph volume percentage when compared to the intact animals. @entity5702 lesions had the opposite effect. At 14 and 21 days after a lesion, the volume percentage of mammotrophs was significantly greater than in the intact @entity35 , while the volume percentage of gonadotrophs was identical to that observed in the intact @entity35 . These data suggest that the elimination of the @entity3695 -inhibitory hormone(s) of the @entity5702 result in @entity1184 and/or @entity1373 of mammotrophs. This effect occurs in the absence of ovarian and may be of importance in the induction of @entity3695 -secreting @entity977 . The data also support the hypothesis that destruction of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron terminals countermands the @entity1184 of gonadotrophs induced by ovariectomy.

title: Mammotroph and gonadotroph volume percentage in the @entity35 anterior pituitary after lesions of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9376 :: ('MESH:C476677', 'Chemical') :: ['Schiff reagent']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['MBH', 'medial basal hypothalamus']

answer: @entity5702 :: (MESH:D018295,Disease) :: ['medial basal hypothalamus']


abstract: Annexins are a family of @entity460 - and phospholipid-binding proteins related by @entity535 sequence homology. Annexins I and II are substrates for protein @entity669 kinases. Recent investigations have revealed a possible involvement of annexins I and II in mitogenic signal transduction and cell proliferation. To investigate further the involvement of annexins in cell proliferation, we measured the levels of annexins I and II and the enzyme @entity10254 kinase (PGK) (annexin II and PGK are components of the primer recognition protein complex) in normal @entity329 pancreas, three hamster @entity1124 cell lines, and allografts of the three cell lines into hamster pancreas. All three @entity189 cell lines had 5-8-fold higher levels of annexin II compared to normal pancreas. An inverse relationship was seen between level of annexin II and the doubling time of the cell culture. In intrapancreatic allografts, annexin II levels were 3-6-fold higher than in normal pancreas. Annexin I levels were 2-3-fold higher in the allografts. Significant increases (5-6-fold) in specific activity of PGK were seen in all allografts examined. However, the level of PGK, as measured by immunoblotting, was not significantly altered. Immunohistochemical staining revealed heterogeneity in the reactivity of the antiannexin and anti-PGK antibodies with @entity5 cells. Strikingly, the reactivity and staining intensity were greater in the proliferating regions of the @entity5 and in the metastatic foci. Mitotic cells were either unstained or very weakly stained. We conclude from these findings that annexin II and PGK, as primer recognition proteins, may have a role in cell proliferation.

title: Enhanced levels of annexins in pancreatic carcinoma cells of XXXX and their intrapancreatic allografts.

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity10254 :: ('MESH:C005156', 'Chemical') :: ['3-phosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term effect of the Luque-Galveston spinal fusion in @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) @entity1 . Twenty @entity1 had undergone this operation at a mean age of 153 years (surgical group, A). The correction of their @entity1635 amounted to +/- 55.8%, after an average follow-up period of 3 years. This is in accordance with the literature. The authors would therefore advise to perform spinal fusion in an early stage of the disease, once a rapid evolution of the @entity1635 is seen. The decline of respiratory function slightly diminished after surgery, but not significantly. This means that no expectations should be made to improve respiratory function, as respiratory function decline continues relentlessly. Most authors agree with this statement. @entity1 satisfaction after surgery was relatively high, mainly because of an improved sitting balance, but only 60% of the questionnaires were available. Twenty-five other @entity1 were not operated upon (non-surgical group, B). They had better results at ages 153 and 183, but this was mainly due to the fact that group B contained more benign cases according to the Oda classification.

title: The effect of Luque-Galveston fusion on curve, respiratory function and quality of life in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: The @entity6739 fbp1 gene, which encodes fructose-1,6-bis-phosphatase, is transcriptionally repressed by @entity413 through the activation of the @entity268 -dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and transcriptionally activated by @entity413 starvation through the activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). To identify transcriptional regulators acting downstream from or in parallel to PKA, we screened an adh-driven cDNA plasmid library for genes that increase fbp1 transcription in a strain with elevated PKA activity. Two such clones express @entity1472 -terminally truncated forms of the @entity6739 tup12 protein that resembles the @entity375 @entity15434 global corepressor. These clones appear to act as dominant negative alleles. Deletion of both tup12 and the closely related tup11 gene causes a 100-fold increase in fbp1-lacZ expression, indicating that tup11 and tup12 are redundant negative regulators of fbp1 transcription. In strains lacking tup11 and tup12, the atf1-pcr1 transcriptional activator continues to play a central role in fbp1-lacZ expression; however, spc1 MAPK phosphorylation of atf1 is no longer essential for its activation. We discuss possible models for the role of tup11- and tup12-mediated repression with respect to signaling from the MAPK and PKA pathways. A third clone identified in our screen expresses the php5 protein subunit of the CCAAT-binding factor (CBF). Deletion of php5 reduces fbp1 expression under both repressed and derepressed conditions. The CBF appears to act in parallel to atf1-pcr1, although it is unclear whether or not CBF activity is regulated by PKA.

title: Transcriptional regulators of the @entity6739 fbp1 gene include two redundant XXXX -like corepressors and the CCAAT binding factor activation complex.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['S. pombe', 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity15434 :: (850445(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Tup1p']


abstract: @entity75 are a common complication in @entity1 with @entity1575 . The etiology of this problem has been investigated from the standpoint of both mucosal protective factors and aggressive factors. Among the various mucosal protective factors, much emphasis has been placed on the disturbance of microcirculation in the gastric mucosa as a result of @entity3179 in the portal vein. @entity20705 may be involved in the etiology of the gastric mucosal changes. And, Phospholipids levels in the gastric mucosa were reduced in @entity82 . Regarding aggressive factors, there have been many reports of diminished secretion of gastric acid. But, @entity1 with @entity1066 had a tendency to be higher gastric acidity than those without @entity1066 . Drugs @entity33 might be effective in healing @entity75 in @entity82 . Despite the observation that acid secretion decreased in @entity82 , inhibition of acid secretion induces @entity1066 . In @entity82 , a high incidence of @entity356 was reported, so that @entity1 should be undergo periodic screening with endoscopy.

title: [ @entity75 in @entity1 with XXXX --pathogenesis and management].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal lesions', 'Gastroduodenal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['increased mucosal defense']

entities_list: @entity20705 :: ('MESH:D004383', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenogastric reflux']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: Clinical, histopathological and immunological features of exfoliative @entity3830 , an uncommon generalized exfoliative @entity1909 occurring exclusively in German short-haired pointers, were characterized in 25 @entity235 . The disease affects young adult @entity235 and its familial incidence strongly suggests a hereditary origin. Lesions were characterized by scaling and alopecia affecting 100 (25/25) and 76% (19/25) of @entity235 , respectively. Follicular casts were present in 28% (7/25) of @entity235 . The muzzle, pinnae and dorsum were typically affected. Generalized @entity272 were described in 52% (13/25) of @entity235 . Systemic signs of @entity158 and @entity1273 affected several @entity235 . @entity417 and @entity882 were detected in several @entity235 with a more severe clinical phenotype. The most common histopathological features were @entity5656 and a lymphocytic interface @entity1909 . Direct immunostaining revealed IgG deposition in the epidermal and follicular basement membrane of 100 (19/19) and 41% (7/17) of @entity235 , respectively. Circulating antifollicular and antisebaceous gland IgG antibodies were demonstrated by indirect immunostaining in 57% (4/7) of @entity235 . This disease usually responds poorly to immunosuppressive therapy and it has a guarded prognosis. Where outcome was recorded, 85% (10/12) of @entity235 were euthanased due to either a failure to respond to, or complications associated with, immunomodulatory therapy. Two affected @entity235 are in remission and maintained on immunomodulatory dosages of prednisolone. This study demonstrates the existence of a cellular and humoral immune response directed against the epidermal basement membrane of @entity235 with exfoliative @entity3830 . Additional studies are required to further characterize the immunological pathogenesis of this disease.

title: Clinical, histopathological and immunological characteristics of exfoliative XXXX in 25 German short-haired pointers.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity3830 :: ('MESH:D008178', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity3830 :: (MESH:D008178,Disease) :: ['cutaneous lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Essential @entity9663 is a progressive disease of unknown etiology causing a significant decline in the quality of life of @entity1 suffering from the disease. Currently used treatment for this condition is repeated injections of Botulinum toxin. Some of the @entity1 ' therapeutic response to Botox injections is insufficient, and some develop @entity2194 . GOALS AND METHODS: This report presents our experience with sling frontalis suspension for essential @entity9663 in 4 @entity1 with follow-up periods of six months to 2 years. A literature review is presented and discussed. RESULTS: A treatment trial with Botox injections was attempted in all four @entity1 . Three of the @entity1 showed insufficient treatment response. Three of the @entity1 developed side effects of recurrent episodes of @entity1736 following injections. In all four @entity1 that underwent operations significant reduction of @entity9663 was observed. In two of the @entity1 Botulinum toxin could be discontinued, in one @entity1 treatment intensity could be reduced, and in three--treatment complications were prevented. All four @entity1 reported a high degree of satisfaction from treatment results. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that sling frontalis suspension for essential @entity9663 is a safe and efficient treatment for essential blephrospasm with a high degree of @entity1 satisfaction. Further large-scale studies are needed to substantiate our results.

title: [Upper lid frontalis suspension as a treatment for essential XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['upper lid ptosis']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

answer: @entity9663 :: (MESH:D001764,Disease) :: ['blepharospasm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While behavioral symptoms are both early and prevalent features of @entity146 ( @entity146 ), they can be present in other types of @entity303 as well, including @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and even @entity73 ( @entity73 ). The Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) was specifically developed to capture the behavioral and personality changes in @entity146 ; it has also been modified into a self-administered caregiver questionnaire (FBI-mod). We examined the utility of the FBI-mod in differentiating @entity146 (n=26), @entity35869 ( @entity35869 ) (n=7), @entity195 (n=53), and @entity73 (n=50) @entity1 , and investigated how the FBI-mod may be associated with neuropsychological measures. The @entity146 @entity1 scored significantly higher as compared to all other @entity1 groups on the FBI-mod Total (p<0.005), Negative (p<0.005), and Positive (p<0.01) scores. The cut-off point for the FBI-mod Total score that best discriminated the @entity146 and @entity195 @entity1 in our sample was 16, thus substantially lower than reported for the original FBI. For the @entity146 group, only mild correlations emerged between the FBI-mod and the cognitive measures. However, significant correlations between the FBI-mod and @entity308 as measured by the BDI-II were found for @entity146 . This suggests that while behavioral symptoms appear independent from @entity73 in @entity146 , they may nevertheless be interrelated with @entity308 . We conclude that the FBI-mod is an easily administered behavioral scale that can aid in differential diagnosis of @entity146 and should be used in clinical practice. The FBI-mod may further be considered as an outcome measure in clinical trials.

title: The Modified Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI-mod) for XXXX with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, @entity195 , and Mild @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['bvFTD', 'behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity35869 :: ('MESH:D018888', 'Disease') :: ['PPA', 'primary progressive aphasia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: This paper is the second in a series dealing with reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C and the certification of reference preparations. Other parts deal with: Part 1. The Concept of Reference Procedures for the Measurement of Catalytic Activity Concentrations of Enzymes; Part 3. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Lactate Dehydrogenase; Part 4. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of @entity493 Aminotransferase; @entity22058 . Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Aspartate Aminotransferase; @entity23397 . Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of gamma-Glutamyltransferase; @entity62653 . Certification of Four Reference Materials for the Determination of Enzymatic Activity of gamma-Glutamyltransferase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, @entity493 Aminotransferase and @entity908 Kinase at 37 degrees C. A document describing the determination of preliminary reference values is also in preparation. The pro- described 30 degrees C IFCC reference method (1). Differences are tabulated and commented on in Appendix 3.

title: IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C. Part 2. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of XXXX kinase.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['Alanine']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: In the current study, we attempted to form aggregates of fibroblasts by rotationally shaking, declining fibroblast-material interactions, and augmenting cell-cell interactions. In addition, to promote cell-cell interactions, the medium was supplemented with @entity2690 , @entity619 , and basic fibroblast growth. Under such improved culture conditions, normal neonatal @entity1 dermal fibroblasts formed spheroidal aggregates within 1 day of rotation on a rotational shaker. The aggregates that formed had irregular shapes and were composed from only several cells after 12 h. However, they became nearly spheroidal after 24 h of shaking. The aggregates were approximately 240 microm in diameter. After 36 h of shaking, their shape became more rounded and their surfaces became smoother. No evidence of @entity39 in the center of the aggregates was observed, although a small number of dead cells was scattered throughout the aggregates. After 24-36 h, aggregates of normal @entity1 fibroblasts were collected and reinoculated onto a scaffold composed of @entity6886 . which is used commercially as a scaffold for artificial skin, coated with collagen. The aggregates were successfully trapped to the mesh of @entity6886 and became attached within 24 h. Therefore, the aggregates could provide an alternative method for seeding fibroblasts to scaffold for an artificial skin, such as a mesh of @entity6886 .

title: Formation of XXXX fibroblast aggregates (spheroids) by rotational culture.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6564 ( @entity21098 ) has been shown to result in @entity4 and reduced contractility. We have demonstrated the elimination of these detrimental effects by the addition of an @entity855 -sensitive K+ (KATP) channel opener. To examine whether the mitochondrial or sarcolemmal KATP channel might be involved, volume and contractility in isolated myocytes from wild-type @entity19 and @entity19 lacking the sarcolemmal KATP channel ( @entity5002 -/-) were evaluated. METHODS: Myocytes were perfused for 20 minutes each with control 37 degrees C Tyrode's solution, test solution, and then control solution. Test solutions were (n = 10 per group) either 9 degrees C @entity21098 or 9 degrees C @entity21098 with 100 micromol/L of @entity6335 , a putative mitochondrial-specific KATP channel opener. Cell volume and contractility were measured by digital video microscopy at baseline and during the test solution and reexposure periods. RESULTS: Myocytes from wild-type @entity19 , perfused with 9 degrees C @entity21098 , demonstrated significant cell swelling (11.2% +/- 0.4%; p < 0.01) and diminished contractility (32.5% +/- 9.6% reduction in percent shortening, 47.2% +/- 10.1% reduction in peak velocity of shortening, and 52.0% +/- 8.8% reduction in peak velocity of relengthening; p < 0.05) versus baseline. Cell swelling and diminished contractility were significantly reduced by the addition of @entity6335 . In @entity5002 -/- myocytes, @entity21098 caused a greatly reduced level of cell swelling (3.2% +/- 0.1%; p < 0.01), and this was unaffected by @entity6335 . Contractility was unchanged in @entity5002 -/- myocytes after @entity21098 . CONCLUSIONS: The sarcolemmal KATP channel appears necessary for exaggerated cell swelling and reduced contractility to occur after @entity6564 in @entity19 myocytes.

title: Role of the sarcolemmal @entity855 -sensitive potassium channel in @entity6564 -induced XXXX and reduced contractility.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte swelling']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity6564 :: ('MESH:D020513', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemic cardioplegia', 'Hyperkalemic cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['myocyte swelling']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mlo gene encodes a plant-specific seven-transmembrane domain protein involved in a variety of cellular processes. In this study, a novel Mlo gene from rubber tree ( @entity15543 ), designated HbMlo1, was cloned by RT-PCR in rubber tree. The ORF of HbMlo1 was 1551bp in length, encoding a putative protein of 516 @entity1522 . HbMlo1 was a typical Mlo protein with seven-transmembrane domain. Sequence comparison between HbMlo1 and other Mlo proteins demonstrated that HbMlo1 shared the highest similarity with the @entity2487 CmMlo1 and @entity958 @entity60563 with 75.1% and 71.3% sequence identity, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HbMlo1, CmMlo1, @entity60563 , @entity60564 , and @entity60565 formed into the phylogenetic clade II with 100% bootstrap support value. HbMlo1 transcript exhibited tissue specificity, and it was preferentially expressed in leaf. Furthermore, the amount of HbMlo1 transcript was significantly induced by various phytohormones (including ethephon, @entity19086 , @entity3785 , @entity2271 , @entity9634 , and @entity9635 ), @entity274 , and wounding treatments. Under drought stress, HbMlo1 exhibited a complex pattern of regulation. However, HbMlo1 expression did not significantly change during powdery mildew infection. These results suggested that HbMlo1 might play a role in phytohormone signaling and abiotic stress response processes in rubber tree.

title: Molecular cloning and characterization of a Mlo gene in rubber tree ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity2487 :: ('3656', 'Species') :: ['Cucumis melo']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity9635 :: ('MESH:C007842', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellic acid']

entities_list: @entity19086 :: ('MESH:C072239', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl jasmonate']

entities_list: @entity15543 :: ('3981', 'Species') :: ['Hevea brasiliensis']

entities_list: @entity9634 :: ('MESH:C030737', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-acetic acid']

answer: @entity15543 :: (3981,Species) :: ['Hevea brasiliensis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and MRI are promising tests to detect precursors and early-stage @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) in @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ). It is unclear which screening technique is to be preferred. We aimed to compare the efficacy of EUS and MRI in their ability to detect clinically relevant lesions in @entity37623 . DESIGN: Multicentre prospective study. The results of 139 asymptomatic @entity37623 (>10-fold increased risk) undergoing first-time screening by EUS and MRI are described. Clinically relevant lesions were defined as solid lesions, main duct intraductal @entity4929 and cysts >= 10   mm. Results were compared in a blinded, independent fashion. RESULTS: Two solid lesions (mean size 9   mm) and nine cysts >= 10   mm (mean size 17   mm) were detected in nine @entity37623 (6%). Both solid lesions were detected by EUS only and proved to be a stage I @entity1124 and a multifocal @entity788 . Of the nine cysts >= 10   mm, six were detected by both imaging techniques and three were detected by MRI only. The agreement between EUS and MRI for the detection of clinically relevant lesions was 55%. Of these clinically relevant lesions detected by both techniques, there was a good agreement for location and size. CONCLUSIONS: EUS and/or MRI detected clinically relevant @entity660 in 6% of @entity37623 . Both imaging techniques were complementary rather than interchangeable: contrary to EUS, MRI was found to be very sensitive for the detection of cystic lesions of any size; MRI, however, might have some important limitations with regard to the timely detection of solid lesions.

title: A multicentre comparative prospective blinded analysis of EUS and MRI for screening of XXXX in @entity2101 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia 2']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-risk individuals', 'HRIs']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: A new cultured cell line ( @entity1 ) derived from @entity1 @entity1358 and a metastatic model in @entity19 were studied. @entity1 was cultured from @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) of the left kidney. In vitro doubling time of @entity1 was approximately 50 hours. @entity1 cells produced @entity5 in both the subcutaneous and renal sub-capsular space in @entity19 , with tumorigenicity of 75%, showing no difference between the two sites. Histologically, @entity5 formed in the subcutaneous sites were @entity420 . Moreover, each @entity5 was encapsulated by a thick fibrous capsule and never produced distant @entity3 or invasion into the surrounding tissue. However, @entity5 formed in the subrenal capsular space were @entity1358 . These @entity5 were hypervascular, and produced distant @entity3 . The most common metastatic site was the lung. Immunohistochemical analysis using anti-human collagenase type IV antibody on @entity5 formed in subcutaneous and subrenal capsular sites demonstrated that the expression of this enzyme in @entity5 formed in the subrenal capsular space was much higher than that in @entity5 formed in the subcutaneous site. Additionally, immunohistochemical study using anti-mouse collagen type IV antibody, a major components of the vascular wall, demonstrated many small densely growing vessels in @entity5 formed in the subrenal capsular space. In contrast, few vessels were produced in @entity5 formed in subcutaneous sites. These findings suggest that factors relating to the different injection sites may regulate the production of collagenase type IV secreted by @entity1 cells and @entity2295 in @entity19 . This metastatic model may be useful in the study of the mechanism of cancer @entity3 .

title: [Establishment and characterization of a new XXXX @entity1358 cell line (KG-2) and metastatic model in @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularity']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['hypovascular granular cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity302 is associated with disruption of integration in distributed networks, together with altered localization for functions such as expressive language. The relation between atypical network connectivity and altered localization is unknown. In the current study we tested whether atypical expressive language laterality was associated with the alteration of large-scale network integration in @entity1 with medically-intractable @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ). Twenty-three right-handed @entity1 (age range 8-17) with medically-intractable @entity1625 performed a verb generation task in fMRI. Language network activation was identified and the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was calculated within the pars triangularis and pars opercularis. Resting-state data from the same cohort were subjected to independent component analysis. Dual regression was used to identify associations between resting-state integration and @entity894 values. Higher positive values of the @entity894 , indicating typical language localization were associated with stronger functional integration of various networks including the default mode network (DMN). The normally symmetric resting-state networks showed a pattern of lateralized connectivity mirroring that of language function. The association between atypical language localization and network integration implies a widespread disruption of neural network development. These findings may inform the interpretation of localization studies by providing novel insights into reorganization of neural networks in @entity302 .

title: Atypical language laterality is associated with large-scale disruption of network integration in @entity1 with intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['localization-related epilepsy', 'LRE']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'Laterality index']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['focal epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The regulations for doping control prohibit the use of @entity2263 agonist bronchodilators ( @entity3045 , @entity10453 , @entity6410 , and @entity4183 ) unless the subject follows the procedure known as abbreviated therapeutic use exemption (ATUE). OBJECTIVE: To highlight how the interest in discovering possible cheats may result in damage to athletes who really need bronchodilator treatment. METHODS: Thirty one high level athletes (18 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ) with a previous diagnosis of @entity565 were examined in our laboratory in order to obtain an ATUE for @entity2263 agonists. All the subjects underwent spirometry at rest. If the results were normal, the subjects underwent an effort test and, if negative, a @entity2710 test inhaling progressive doses of @entity2710 until a fall of 20% in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was achieved. The international anti-doping regulations require that the fall in FEV1 occurs with a concentration of @entity2710 (PC20) lower than 2 mg/ml (4 mg/ml for Torino 2006). In clinical practice, a test is positive if the response occurs with a PC20 lower than 8 mg/ml. RESULTS: Only one subject met the criterion for the bronchodilation test at rest. The remaining 30 athletes underwent an effort test, which was positive in nine of them. In 21 cases (13 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ) the effort test was negative so a @entity2710 test was carried out. Seven (33%) were negative for ATUE with a PC20 higher than 8 mg/ml, seven (33%) were positive for ATUE with a PC20 less than 2 mg/ml, in four (19%) the PC20 was 2-4 mg/ml, and in three (14%) it was 4-8 mg/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Strict vigilance of fair play should be pursued, but excessive control can lead to situations of inequality for @entity748 athletes such that a third of athletes cannot be treated with @entity2263 agonists. Therefore under current regulations, @entity748 athletes are often denied the most effective therapeutic option.

title: Use of XXXX agonists in sport: are the present criteria right?

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity2263 :: (10242,Gene) :: ['beta2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relative risks of @entity2299 , @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity209 among overweight and @entity28 Chinese @entity1 compared with their normal weight counterparts. METHODS: Overweight and @entity28 were defined by age- and sex-specific BMI classification reference for Chinese @entity1 and adolescents. Pediatric @entity209 ( @entity209 ) and each risk factor for @entity209 were defined using the criteria for US adolescents. @entity40108 , LDL, and @entity2299 for adults was applied as well. General linear model factor analysis and chi-square test were used to compare the difference in metabolic indicators among normal weight, overweight, and @entity28 groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio of @entity209 between @entity28 , overweight, and normal weight @entity1 , after adjustment for living area, family economic level, age, sex, and daily exercise time and TV watching time, as well as different dietary indices in the model. RESULTS: Significant increases in blood lipids, @entity413 , and blood pressure were found among overweight and @entity28 @entity1 as compared with their counterparts with normal weight. By applying WGOC-recommended BMI classification, the risks for @entity2298 , low HDL and @entity2299 among overweight @entity1 were 1.9, 1.4, and 1.5 times, and was 3.3, 1.5, and 1.8 times among @entity28 groups compared to their counterparts with normal weight after adjustment for age, sex, region, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and dietary intakes. The overweight and @entity28 @entity1 (15-17.9 years) had a high-risk of developing @entity101 , which was 2.3 and 2.9 times higher than their counterparts with normal weight. Above 90% @entity28 adolescents had @entity1144 , while less than 1% normal weight ones had @entity1144 . No @entity28 adolescents were free from any risk factors for @entity209 , while 36.9% of normal weight adolescents were from the risk factors. 83.3% @entity28 @entity1 and all @entity28 @entity1 had @entity209 , while only 15.5% normal weight @entity1 and 18.8% normal weight @entity1 had @entity209 . Four risk factors for @entity209 were found in 8.3% @entity28 @entity1 while none in normal weight @entity1 and @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity209 among normal weight, overweight, and @entity28 groups was 1.5%, 18.3%, and 38.1% respectively. CONCLUSION: The @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors are clustered in @entity28 Chinese @entity1 . Our observations strongly suggest that efforts should be made to prevent the onset of overweight and its associated diseases during early childhood.

title: Disease risks of XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity40108 :: ('OMIM:275350', 'Disease') :: ['Definition of hyper-TC']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndromes', 'metabolic syndrome', 'MetS', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: AIMS: Secretory phospholipase A2 is associated with @entity130 in the @entity1 heart, but the distribution of type V secretory phospholipase A2 ( @entity35011 -V) remains unknown. The significance of @entity35011 -V in @entity583 was investigated histopathologically. METHODS: Sequential changes in the localization of @entity35011 -V and its mRNA in myocardial tissues obtained from 30 autopsied hearts were examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization and compared with those of fibronectin, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity1356 , @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 , and @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ). RESULTS: No expression of @entity35011 -V was observed in normal heart, but it was promptly expressed in wavy myofibres positive for fibronectin just after the onset of @entity1188 . @entity35011 -V was subsequently expressed in ischaemic cardiomyocytes around the lesion. The expression decreased at the granulation tissue and disappeared at the chronic stage with scar formation. The distribution of the signal for @entity35011 -V mRNA paralleled that of the protein. Ischaemic myocytes around the lesion expressed @entity7 , @entity1356 , @entity310 and @entity3840 at all stages. CONCLUSIONS: @entity35011 -V production in myocardium is limited to the acute phase of @entity1188 . @entity35011 -V may play a dual role, acting both to remove degraded cell-membrane through cooperative activity with @entity3840 in @entity39 areas and to attack ischaemic myocytes around the lesion via degradation of membrane phospholipids.

title: Expression of type V secretory phospholipase A in myocardial remodelling after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic injury']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to examine symptoms of @entity4053 , to develop a method to quantify individual differences in the consistency of symptom reporting, and to investigate which factors affect these differences. METHODS: @entity1 recorded their symptoms with every episode of @entity4053 over a 9-12-month period. A novel logistic-type latent variable model was developed to quantify the consistency of each individual's symptom complex and was used to analyze data from 59 subjects (median age, 57.5 years [range, 22-74 years], 65% male, 77% type 1 @entity6 ) who had experienced 19 or more hypoglycemic episodes. The association between the calculated consistency parameter and age, sex, type and duration of @entity6 , and C-peptide and serum angiotensin converting enzyme concentration was examined using a generalized linear model. Analyses were performed under a Bayesian framework, using Markov chain Monte-Carlo methodology. RESULTS: Individuals exhibited substantial differences in between-episode consistency of their symptom reports, with only a small number of individuals exhibiting high levels of consistency. @entity1 were more consistent than @entity1 . No other factors affected consistency in @entity1 with normal @entity4053 awareness. CONCLUSIONS: By using a novel stochastic model as a quantitative tool to compare the consistency of hypoglycemic symptom reporting, much greater intra-individual variability in symptom reporting was identified than has been recognized previously. This is relevant when instructing @entity1 on identification of hypoglycemic symptoms and in interpreting symptomatic responses during experimentally induced @entity4053 .

title: Modeling the consistency of hypoglycemic symptoms: high variability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate response assessment is essential for evaluating new @entity5 treatments. We evaluated the impact of Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST), World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and @entity5 shape on response assessment in @entity1 with metastatic @entity418 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In 19 @entity1 with metastatic @entity418 in a phase II trial of @entity10186 and @entity1311 , response was retrospectively assessed for 89 lesions with RECIST and WHO criteria on baseline and serial follow-up CT scans. The eccentricity factor (EF) was introduced for measuring the degree to which @entity5 shape diverges from a perfect sphere [EF = radical1-(LPD/ @entity601 )(2), where LPD is the largest perpendicular diameter and @entity601 is the maximal diameter]. RESULTS: The disagreement rate in best overall response categorization between RECIST (unidimensional) and WHO (bidimensional) criteria was 26.3%. Change in eccentricity was significantly greater (P < 0.01) for @entity1 with disagreement (mean 0.31, range 0-0.91). When the short axis was used for unidimensional lymph node measurement, disagreement between WHO and RECIST lessened. CONCLUSIONS: Response assessment by WHO and RECIST differs substantially. Greater change in eccentricity is associated with greater discordance between WHO and RECIST. The discordance between WHO and RECIST may impact on how effective a therapy is judged to be.

title: Measuring @entity5 response and shape change on CT: XXXX as a paradigm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e19692 Background: @entity8 has become an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity5 @entity1 . However, in the literature glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and @entity644 data are few. This study examines the prevalence of @entity8 and @entity644 in @entity5 @entity1 without known @entity8 . METHODS: This prospective study includes @entity1 receiving chemotherapy in which subjects are followed with a detailed exam including serum @entity1011 and urine analysis. Cockcroft-Gault and abbreviated Modification of Diet in @entity8 (aMDRD) equations were used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). @entity8 prevalence was estimated from apparent @entity8 ( @entity644 , @entity811 or uninfectious leucocyturia) and kidney function and staged, according to the K/DOQI-KDIGO. @entity644 , @entity811 or leucocyturia was defined as > or = +1 on urine dipstick exam. Risk factors for @entity8 were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The study population had 208 @entity1 (117 females and 91 males). The mean age was 62 years. The prevalence of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) of any stage and @entity740 >=  stage 3 was 68.8 and 25.9% by CG equation, respectively and 64.4 and 13.9% by MDRD equation, respectively. @entity644 , @entity811 and leucocyturia were present in 54.8, 11.1 and 12.5% of @entity1 . In a multivariate analysis, age above 65 years, @entity6 , @entity101 , polymedication and smoking were associated with low eGFR. CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown the @entity8 in @entity5 @entity1 . There is a significant difference between GFR estimates derived from CG and aMDRD equations. @entity644 is likely essential factor for @entity8 in these @entity1 .

title: Predictor XXXX and renal failure among @entity1 with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'burden of kidney disease', 'Renal Disease', 'kidney damage', 'Kidney disease', 'Renal disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: @entity302 are the cause of between 0.3 and 1.2% of all visits to hospital emergency departments. Twenty-five per cent of @entity1 visit after having their first @entity410 . Such an impact seems to justify the development of a health care protocol. Our proposal is to draw up a set of implicit evidence-based consensus practice guidelines, to use Liberati's nomenclature, concerning aspects related to the diagnostic procedure and recommended therapeutic management of @entity1 with a first @entity410 who are being attended in an emergency department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A selective search was conducted on PubMed-Medline for quality scientific information on the subject using scientific evidence filters. This search was completed in other scientific evidence search engines, such as Tripdatabase, Biblioteca Cochrane Plus or DARE. The selected references were analysed and discussed by the authors, and the available evidence and any recommendations that could be drawn from it were collected. RESULTS: A total of 47 primary documents and 10 practice guidelines or protocols related with the proposed topic were identified. The recommendations were inserted in the text explicitly. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic and therapeutic protocol for all paroxysmal phenomena in @entity341 consists of three successive phases: diagnosis of the cause of the @entity302 , integration of the significance of the @entity410 within the clinical context, and designing the therapeutic scheme. Each phase will depend on the outcomes of the previous one as a decision algorithm. The fundamental tools in each phase are: @entity1 record and examination (phase 1), and complementary tests (phase 2). They are then used to produce a therapeutic decision scheme.

title: [Consensus clinical practice guidelines of the Sociedad Andaluza de Epilepsia for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with their first XXXX in @entity341 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizure']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of the dosimetric Pareto front (PF) prediction based on @entity1 's anatomic and dosimetric parameters for @entity418 @entity1 . METHODS: Eighty esophagus @entity1 in the authors' institution were enrolled in this study. A total of 2928 intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans were obtained and used to generate PF for each @entity1 . On average, each @entity1 had 36.6 plans. The anatomic and dosimetric features were extracted from these plans. The @entity358 ( @entity358 ), @entity299 ( @entity299 ), spinal cord max dose, and @entity343 homogeneity index were recorded for each plan. Principal component analysis was used to extract overlap volume histogram (OVH) features between @entity343 and other organs at risk. The full dataset was separated into two parts; a training dataset and a validation dataset. The prediction outcomes were the @entity299 and @entity358 . The spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the anatomical features and dosimetric features. The stepwise multiple regression method was used to fit the PF. The cross validation method was used to evaluate the model. RESULTS: With 1000 repetitions, the mean prediction error of the @entity299 was 469 cGy. The most correlated factor was the first principal components of the OVH between heart and @entity343 and the overlap between heart and @entity343 in Z-axis. The mean prediction error of the @entity358 was 284 cGy. The most correlated factors were the first principal components of the OVH between heart and @entity343 and the overlap between lung and @entity343 in Z-axis. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to use @entity1 ' anatomic and dosimetric features to generate a predicted Pareto front. Additional samples and further studies are required improve the prediction model.

title: XXXX feature based dosimetric Pareto front prediction in @entity418 radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['mean lung dose', 'MLD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['MHD', 'mean heart dose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Neutrophils and monocytes in @entity291 express a novel class of immunoglobulin Fc receptor, specific for bovine IgG2 (bIgG2), termed bFc gamma 2R. In @entity291 , the ability of neutrophils to kill immunoglobulin-opsonized microorganisms appears to depend largely on this subclass, whose interaction with bFc gamma 2R initiates the killing process. bFc gamma 2R is a transmembrane glycoprotein consisting of two extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, followed by a 19- @entity535 membrane-spanning region and a short cytoplasmic tail. Although related to other @entity1 Fc gamma Rs, bFc gamma 2R belongs to a novel gene family that includes the @entity1 killer cell inhibitory receptor and @entity12712 ( @entity12712 ) proteins. We have shown previously (Morton, H. C., van Zandbergen, G., van Kooten, C., Howard, C. J., @entity558 . G., and Brandtzaeg, P. (1999) J. Exp. Med. 189, 1715-1722) that like these proteins (and unlike other Fc gamma Rs), bFc gamma 2R binds bIgG2 via the membrane-distal extracellular domain 1 (EC1). In this present study, we introduced mutations into the predicted loop regions of the EC1 domain and assayed the resulting bFc gamma 2R mutants for their ability to bind bIgG2. Our results indicated that the bIgG2 binding site lies within the predicted F-G loop region of the EC1 domain. Furthermore, single @entity535 mutational analysis of this region identified @entity815 -82 and Trp-87 as being critical for bIgG2 binding.

title: Identification of residues within the extracellular domain 1 of XXXX Fc gamma 2R essential for binding bovine IgG2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['van de Winkel, J']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Additional loading doses and higher @entity22 ( @entity22 ) have been used to overcome @entity6306 of @entity1397 . We aimed to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms of two cytochromes ( @entity4433 and @entity5060 ) and @entity1262 modify effect of such dose-adjustment strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 118 @entity1 undergoing elective or acute percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug eluting stent (DES). Platelet reactivity index (PRI) was measured using the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) index and a cut-off value of >=  60% was defined as @entity6306 . Polymorphism of two cytochromes ( @entity4433 , @entity5060 ) and gene @entity1262 were determined. In @entity1 hyporesponsive to the initial LD the dose-adjustment was performed using up to 3 additional 600 mg LDs in order to achieve PRI <60%, and both 150 mg and 75 mg @entity601 were tested at the follow-up. RESULTS: @entity1 with at least one @entity4433 *2 allele had higher baseline PRI after the initial LD (78.2    13.1 vs. 65.3    19.5, P=0.005). The PRI reduction with additional LD was significantly smaller in carriers of the @entity4433 *2 (25.2    15.6 vs. 35.5    16.8, P=0.025) and similar trend was observed with subsequent additional LDs. Both @entity22 were less effective in presence of @entity4433 *2. Target PRI was, however, more frequently achieved with higher @entity601 even in presence of @entity4433 *2 (in 70.6% vs. 23.5% of hyporesponders, P=0.008). No such differences were observed for other polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 hyporesponsive to a routine @entity1397 doses the potency of additional LD and higher @entity601 of @entity1397 is compromised by presence of @entity4433 *2 allele. The dose-adjustment strategy is not affected by @entity1262 @entity7658 or @entity5060 genotypes.

title: Role of genetic factors on the effect of additional loading doses and two @entity22 used to overcome @entity1397 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['maintenance doses', 'MDs']

answer: @entity6306 :: (MESH:C566417,Disease) :: ['hyporesponsiveness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Personalized chemotherapy based on predictive biomarkers can maximize efficacy. However, @entity5 tissue obtained at the time of initial diagnosis will not reflect genetic alterations observed at the time of disease progression. We have examined whether plasma mRNA levels can be a surrogate for @entity5 levels in predicting chemosensitivity. METHODS: In 150 @entity356 @entity1 , mRNA levels of @entity5345 and @entity1950 were assessed in plasma and paired @entity5 tissue. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare mRNA expression levels between @entity5 samples exhibiting in vitro sensitivity or resistance to @entity1205 and pemetrexed. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: There were significant correlations between plasma and @entity5 mRNA levels of @entity5345 (rho   =   0.696, P   <   0.001) and @entity1950 (rho   =   0.620, P   <   0.001). @entity5345 levels in plasma ( @entity1205 -sensitive: 1.25; @entity1205 -resistant: 0.50, P   <   0.001) and @entity5 ( @entity1205 -sensitive: 8.81; @entity1205 -resistant: 4.88, P   <   0.001) were positively associated with @entity1205 sensitivity. @entity1950 levels in plasma (pemetrexed-sensitive: 0.90; pemetrexed-resistant: 1.82, P   <   0.001) and @entity5 (pemetrexed-sensitive: 6.56; pemetrexed-resistant: 16.69, P   <   0.001) were negatively associated with pemetrexed sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma mRNA expression levels mirror those in the @entity5 and may have a promising role as potential predictive biomarkers for chemotherapy.

title: Plasma mRNA expression levels of XXXX and @entity1950 as potential predictive biomarkers for chemotherapy in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Childhood @entity458 has been assumed to increase the risk for sexual offending. However, despite methodological limitations of prior research, public policies and clinical practice have been based on this assumption. OBJECTIVE: To empirically examine the commonly held belief that sexually abused @entity1 grow up to become sexual offenders and specialize in sex crimes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : This prospective cohort study and archival records check included cases and control individuals originally from a metropolitan county in the Midwest. @entity1 with substantiated cases of physical and @entity458 and neglect (aged 0-11 years) were matched with @entity1 without such histories on the basis of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and approximate family social class (908 cases and 667 control individuals). Both groups were followed up into adulthood (mean age, 51 years). The court cases were from 1967 to 1971; the follow-up extended to 2013. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Criminal history information was collected from federal and state law enforcement agency records at 3 points in time and from state sex offender registries. RESULTS: Overall, individuals with histories of childhood abuse and neglect were at increased risk for being arrested for a sex crime compared with control individuals (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.17; 95% CI, 1.38-3.40), controlling for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Specifically, individuals with histories of physical abuse (AOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.02-4.16) and neglect (AOR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.39-3.51) were at significantly increased risk for arrest for sex offenses, whereas for @entity458 , the AOR (2.13; 95% CI, 0.83-5.47) did not reach significance. Physically abused and neglected males (not females) were at increased risk and physically abused males also had a higher mean number of sex crime arrests compared with control individuals. The results did not provide support for sex crime specialization. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The widespread belief that sexually abused @entity1 are uniquely at risk to become sex offenders was not supported by prospective empirical evidence. These new findings suggest that early intervention programs should target @entity1 with histories of physical abuse and neglect. They also indicate that existing policies and practices specifically directed at future risk for sex offending for sexually abused @entity1 may warrant reevaluation.

title: A prospective examination of whether childhood XXXX predicts subsequent sexual offending.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual abuse']


abstract: @entity1 who die after operation for @entity1146 and intact ventricular septum may have @entity741 . The relation between histologic evidence of @entity741 and the presence of a right ventricle to @entity453 , @entity453 and operation in 17 autopsy specimens was assessed. Age at death ranged from 1 day to 16 years (median, 11 days). Of the 17 hearts, 6 (35%) had right ventricle to @entity453 , 5 of which had @entity453 . In three cases, there was segmental or complete absence of a coronary artery. @entity63 was present in four of these six hearts, two of which had right ventricular outflow reconstruction. Six of the 11 hearts without right ventricle to @entity453 also had @entity741 . Of these six cases, four had right ventricular outflow reconstruction and two had shunt operations. @entity204 occurred from 1 to 8 days (mean 3) after operation. Hearts with @entity1146 and intact ventricular septum may have @entity741 with or without either right ventricle to @entity453 or @entity453 . @entity741 may occur after right ventricular outflow reconstruction or shunt operations. Thus, @entity741 occurs commonly in @entity1 with @entity1146 and intact ventricular septum and is not always related to @entity301 or operation.

title: @entity741 in XXXX with @entity1146 and intact ventricular septum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia', 'myocardial ischemic injury', 'Myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery fistulas', 'coronary artery fistula', 'coronary artery dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional proteins, structurally related to @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and activin. @entity2533 and activin exert their effects by forming heteromeric complexes of type I and type II @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase receptors. We have previously identified a series of type I @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase receptors, termed activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-1 to -6. @entity7382 is a @entity7382 , whereas @entity15703 and @entity56203 are activin type I receptors. Here we investigated the binding of proteins in the BMP family to ALKs. In transfected COS cells, the binding of osteogenic protein (OP)-1 and @entity13062 to certain ALKs was observed in the absence of type II receptors, and their binding was increased after co-transfection of a BMP type II receptor from @entity2199 , @entity54297 . @entity12017 bound to @entity15703 and @entity30713 efficiently, and to @entity1842 less efficiently, whereas @entity13062 bound to @entity1842 and @entity30713 efficiently. Similarly, @entity12017 bound to @entity15703 , @entity1842 , and/or @entity30713 in various nontransfected cell lines, although the binding profiles were different between different cell types. @entity13062 bound to @entity1842 in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and @entity1 foreskin fibroblasts. These results suggest that @entity1842 and @entity30713 are type I receptors for @entity12017 and @entity13062 ; in addition, @entity15703 is a type I receptor shared by activin and @entity12017 , but not by @entity13062 .

title: Identification of type I receptors for @entity12017 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7382 :: ('7046', 'Gene') :: ['ALK-5', 'TGF-beta type I receptor']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity13062 :: (652,Gene) :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-4']


abstract: CONTEXT: GH was approved for @entity6038 ( @entity6038 ) in 2000. Fatalities in individuals with @entity6038 soon after beginning GH treatment prompted concern about GH worsening @entity387 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether GH affects @entity387 in individuals with @entity6038 . DESIGN: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity6038 had overnight polysomnography (PSA) at baseline and 6 wk after starting GH. SETTING: The study was conducted in a sleep lab using a standardized procedure. @entity1 : The @entity1 studied had genetically confirmed @entity6038 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PSA results were analyzed for frequency and severity of central and obstructive @entity386 / @entity387 events and total @entity386 / @entity387 index. RESULTS: As a group, GH improved @entity386 / @entity387 index by a mean of 1.2 events per hour (P = 0.02) and central events by a median of 1.7 events per hour (P < 0.001). Fourteen @entity1 had improvement in obstructive events by a mean of 1.7 events per hour. Six @entity1 had worsening of obstructive events on GH. Four of these @entity1 had @entity1729 at the time of the second PSA and had tonsil/ @entity1184 on otorhinolaryngological evaluation. Two @entity1 with high serum @entity442 levels had increased obstructive events. CONCLUSIONS: Most of our @entity6038 @entity1 had improvement after short-term GH treatment, but 32% had worsening of @entity25 . A subset of @entity6038 @entity1 are at risk during this window of vulnerability shortly after initiation of GH. Because it is difficult to predict who will worsen with GH, @entity1 with @entity6038 should have PSA before and after starting GH and should be monitored for @entity387 with @entity1729 . Otorhinolaryngological evaluation is warranted if @entity387 worsens on GH. @entity442 levels should be monitored, with the goal being physiological levels.

title: Short-term effects of growth hormone on XXXX in @entity6038 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea', 'sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['Prader-Willi Syndrome', 'PWS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is growing concern of medication misuse and noncompliance among @entity1 with @entity1118 prescribed opioids for @entity158 . The aim of this survey was to obtain information from primary care providers (PCPs) about their perception of prescribing opioids for @entity1 with @entity1118 . METHODS: PCPs were invited to complete a packet of questionnaires about attitudes and concerns about opioids for @entity1118 . These questionnaires included 1) General Health Questionnaire, 2) Test of Opioid Knowledge (TOK), 3) Opioid Therapy Provider Survey, and 4) Concerns About Analgesic Prescription Questionnaire. RESULTS: Fifty-six (N = 56) PCPs from eight centers participated in this study. In general, the PCPs showed adequate opioid knowledge on the KOT and their general health was unrelated to prescription attitudes. Most expressed concern about medication misuse (89 percent) and felt that managing @entity1 with @entity1118 was stressful (84 percent). Most were worried about addiction (82 percent) and less than half felt that they were sufficiently trained in prescribing opioids (46 percent). Younger providers felt more reluctant to prescribe opioids, experienced more stress in managing @entity1 with @entity158 , had less overall confidence in managing @entity1 with @entity158 , and worried more about opioid dependence than older providers (p < 0.05). Younger providers were also less knowledgeable about opioids, but opioid knowledge was not found to be related to concerns about analgesic prescriptions. CONCLUSION: This study indicates a general concern and reluctance of primary care physicians to manage the prescribing of opioids among their @entity1 with @entity1118 and younger providers expressed more concern about opioids than older providers.

title: Beliefs and attitudes about opioid prescribing and XXXX management: Survey of primary care providers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']