abstract: Forty-two @entity1 with advanced @entity5 judged unlikely to respond to standard treatment received high-dose combination chemotherapy with @entity786 , @entity2879 , and @entity900 in a phase I trial. Twenty-two of these @entity1 who had at least a partial response (PR) to the first cycle of therapy received a second cycle, and eight @entity1 received three or more cycles of therapy. Bone marrow replacement was not used. The maximum-tolerated doses (MTDs) were @entity786 2.5 g/m2 on days 1 and 2; @entity2879 500 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3; and @entity900 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3. @entity1503 was not dose-limiting by study design. Recovery to an absolute granulocyte count above 100/microL occurred at a median of 9 days from onset (range, 3 to 23 days) at the MTD. Recovery was delayed after the third cycle. Only one @entity1 on his third cycle failed to recover peripheral blood counts and died of sepsis an day 43. @entity1503 was not dose-dependent. Nonhematologic @entity137 included @entity391 , @entity1295 , @entity1665 , @entity294 , and @entity448 and were generally well tolerated. The dose-limiting @entity137 were fatal @entity358 in five of nine @entity1 treated at the highest dose level. @entity1 likely to do well can be selected by tumor type, response to prior therapy, and performance status. Nine of 36 assessable @entity1 had a complete response (CR) and 13 a PR for a response rate of 61%. Five @entity1 (12%) remain alive and free of disease at 15 to 32 months. Repeated cycles of dose-intensive combination therapy can produce long-term disease-free remissions in @entity1 with @entity5 types. The @entity137 of the regimen is acceptable if @entity1 are carefully selected.

title: Phase I study of repeated cycles of high-dose XXXX , @entity2879 , and @entity900 administered without bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['refractory tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary or cardiac toxicities']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether @entity5337 ( @entity5337 ) and @entity556 (PT) @entity14553 mutation are associated with paediatric @entity64 . METHODS: The study consisted of two parts. Case-control study included neuroradiologically confirmed paediatric @entity64 @entity1 from two tertiary @entity1 's hospitals in Estonia. For control group, DNA was obtained from 400 anonymous screening test cards of newborns born consecutively in all delivery departments of Estonia in January 2005. Meta-analyses was performed to assess the association between @entity715 and @entity5337 and PT @entity14553 . RESULTS: A total of 75 @entity1 (45 @entity1 , 30 @entity1 ) were included into the case-control study: 19 with childhood arterial @entity64 , 49 with perinatal arterial @entity64 and seven with @entity49 . Both @entity5337 and PT @entity14553 occurred significantly more frequently among @entity1 with sinovenous @entity715 compared with controls (OR = 12.9; 95% CI: 2.3-73.0 and OR = 11.9; 95% CI: 2.1-67.2, respectively). The difference was not significant between childhood/perinatal arterial @entity64 and controls. Meta-analyses (including our study) revealed that both @entity5337 and PT @entity14553 are associated with @entity715 (OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.8-5.5 and OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.4-6.8, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity5337 and PT @entity14553 are associated with @entity715 .

title: @entity5337 and XXXX @entity14553 [corrected] mutation and paediatric @entity64 : a case-control study and two meta-analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'paediatric sinovenous thrombosis']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['prothrombin']


abstract: The biophysical characteristics and alpha subunits underlying @entity460 -independent transient outward @entity972 current (Ito) phenotypes expressed in ferret @entity1002 were analyzed using patch clamp, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunofluorescent (IF) techniques. Two distinct Ito phenotypes were measured (21-22 degrees C) in the majority of LV epi and LV endo myocytes studied. The two Ito phenotypes displayed marked differences in peak current densities, activation thresholds, inactivation characteristics, and recovery kinetics. Ito,epi recovered rapidly [taurec, -70 mV = 51 +/- 3 ms] with minimal cumulative inactivation, while Ito,endo recovered slowly [taurec, -70 mV = 3,002 +/- 447 ms] with marked cumulative inactivation. Heteropoda toxin 2 (150 nM) blocked Ito,epi in a voltage-dependent manner, but had no effect on Ito,endo. Parallel FISH and IF measurements conducted on isolated LV epi and LV endo myocytes demonstrated that @entity30353 , @entity13450 , and @entity30354 alpha subunit expression in LV myocyte types was quite heterogenous: (a) @entity13450 and @entity30354 were more predominantly expressed in LV epi than LV endo myocytes, and (b) @entity30353 was expressed in the majority of LV endo myocytes but was essentially absent in LV epi myocytes. In combination with previous measurements on recovery kinetics ( @entity30353 , slow; @entity13450 /4.3, relatively rapid) and Heteropoda toxin block ( @entity30353 , insensitive; @entity13450 , sensitive), our results strongly support the hypothesis that, in ferret heart, @entity13450 / @entity30354 and @entity30353 alpha subunits, respectively, are the molecular substrates underlying the Ito,epi and Ito,endo phenotypes. FISH and IF measurements were also conducted on ferret ventricular tissue sections. The three Ito alpha subunits again showed distinct patterns of distribution: (a) @entity30353 was localized primarily to the apical portion of the LV septum, LV endocardium, and approximate inner 75% of the LV free wall; (b) @entity13450 was localized primarily to the right ventricular free wall, epicardial layers of the LV, and base of the heart; and (c) @entity30354 was localized primarily to epicardial layers of the LV apex and diffusely distributed in the LV free wall and septum. Therefore, in intact ventricular tissue, a heterogeneous distribution of candidate Ito alpha subunits not only exists from LV epicardium to endocardium but also from apex to base.

title: Distinct transient outward @entity972 current (Ito) phenotypes and distribution of fast-inactivating XXXX channel alpha subunits in ferret left ventricular myocytes.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular epicardial (LV epi) and endocardial (LV endo) myocytes']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We recently observed that 13% of 1,008 consecutive adults aged 15-49 years with first-ever @entity385 had one or more @entity4798 ( @entity4798 ), and more than 5% presented with @entity10334 on CT or MRI. We sought to investigate the features of and risk factors for magnetic resonance (MR)-defined @entity4798 and @entity10334 in these @entity1 . METHODS: We analyzed the radiologic features of @entity4798 and @entity10334 in MR-scanned @entity1 (n = 669) blinded to clinical data and examined their relation with subtype of the overt @entity64 . We used logistic regression to identify factors predisposing to @entity4798 and @entity10334 . RESULTS: Of the 669 @entity1 included, 86 (13%) had @entity4798 , 50 (7%) had @entity10334 , 17 (3%) had both, and 550 had no @entity4798 or @entity10334 and served as controls. The majority (54%) had a single SBI, 20% had two @entity4798 , and 27% had three or more @entity4798 . Most @entity4798 were located in basal ganglia (39%) or subcortical regions (21%), but cerebellar @entity4798 also were rather frequent (15%). @entity10334 was mainly mild to moderate. Independent risk factors for @entity4798 were @entity164 1 @entity6 (odds ratio [OR] 5.78, 95% confidence interval 2.37-14.10), @entity28 (OR 2.12, 1.07-4.19), smoking (OR 1.69, 1.05-2.72), and increasing age (OR 1.08, 1.04-1.13). Risk factors for @entity10334 were @entity164 1 @entity6 (OR 9.75, 3.39-28.04), @entity28 (OR 2.42, 1.04-5.68), female sex (OR 2.25, 1.16-4.34), and increasing age (OR 1.19, 1.10-1.29). @entity6249 was the predominant cause of @entity64 in both those with @entity4798 (31%) and @entity10334 (44%). CONCLUSIONS: Silent brain @entity1188 and @entity10334 are not uncommon among young @entity64 @entity1 -- @entity164 1 @entity6 being the strongest risk factor.

title: Silent brain @entity1188 and XXXX in young adults with first-ever @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['SBIs', 'silent brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['Small-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis', 'Leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity10334 :: (MESH:D049292,Disease) :: ['leukoaraiosis']


abstract: A previously healthy 22-year-old @entity1 was admitted with a complaint of right upper quadrant @entity490 for 2 weeks. Her past history was not remarkable. On admission, HBsAg and anti-HCV were negative and alpha-FP was within normal range. Abdominal sonography and CT showed a mass in liver measuring 10 x 11 cm with features of central @entity39 and @entity548 . On 6th hospital day, hemoperitoneum developed suddenly. She underwent emergency laparotomy and trisegmentectomy. Intraoperative finding revealed a hemoperitoneum with a @entity5 filled with liquefied necrotic tissues. Microscopically, the @entity5 was mostly composed of pleomorphic spindle cells with abundant anastomosing vascular channels and partly composed of @entity5 cells with trabecular arrangement. On immunohistochemical staining, @entity5 cells reacted with cytokeratin and @entity2277 , while @entity2280 and hepatocyte staining revealed negative. She died 2 months after the operation. We report a case of rapidly deteriorated primary @entity157 in a young female without any risk factor.

title: [A case of XXXX in a young female without risk factor].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: In the 13 years since hepatic @entity35639 was first described in identical twins no further cases seem to have been observed. We report a @entity1 who had suffered from occasional morning @entity410 since the age of 7. Three 24-hour metabolic profiles showed fasting hypoglycaemia, hyperketonaemia, but normal @entity880 . Hyperglycaemia and hyperlactataemia occurred after meals. Glucagon caused a rise in @entity413 3 hours after a meal with a fall in lactate and @entity493 ; no effect of glucagon was seen after a 12-hour fast. Normal increments in @entity413 followed oral @entity3649 or @entity493 . Liver and abdominal wall muscle biopsies were taken. Glycogen content was subnormal in liver but normal in muscle. Glycogen synthetase (EC 2.4.1.11) was virtually absent from liver but fully active in muscle. Hepatic @entity35639 causing fasting hypoglycaemia has been confirmed. It is postulated that some @entity1 with " @entity19721 " may suffer from this disorder.

title: Hepatic @entity35639 . Definition of syndrome from metabolic and enzyme studies on a 9-year-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity19721 :: ('MESH:D056693', 'Disease') :: ['ketotic hypoglycaemia']

entities_list: @entity35639 :: ('MESH:C565485', 'Disease') :: ['glycogen synthetase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girl']


abstract: Recently, scientific interest in the brain-gut axis has grown dramatically, particularly with respect to the link between @entity344 . However, the role of gut function in early @entity10204 is yet to be examined, despite the prevalence and treatment resistance of early-onset @entity146 . The present studies utilized a developmental rodent model of early-life stress (ELS) to explore this gap. @entity35 were exposed to @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ) on postnatal days 2-14. Throughout @entity7310 , dams received either vehicle or a probiotic formulation (previously shown to reduce @entity344 ) in their drinking water. Replicating past research, untreated @entity7310 @entity1 exhibited an adult-like profile of long-lasting fear memories and fear relapse following extinction. In contrast, probiotic-exposed @entity7310 @entity1 exhibited age-appropriate infantile @entity2730 and resistance to relapse. These effects were not mediated by changes in pups' or dams' @entity148 at the time of training, nor by maternal responsiveness. Overall, probiotics acted as an effective and non-invasive treatment to restore normal developmental trajectories of emotion-related behaviors in @entity1 @entity35 exposed to ELS. These results provide promising initial evidence for this novel approach to reduce the risk of mental health problems in vulnerable individuals. Future studies are needed to test this treatment in @entity1 exposed to ELS and to elucidate mechanisms for the observed behavioral changes.

title: The effects of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. helveticus) on developmental trajectories of emotional learning in stressed @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal dysfunction', 'gastrointestinal and psychiatric dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['emotional dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['maternal separation', 'MS']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To obtain baseline data on the most common surgical @entity341 in pediatric otolaryngology in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This report is a retrospective study of all @entity1 presenting to the pediatric otolaryngology emergency service at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Between January 2001 to January 2006 data were carefully collected and then analyzed for @entity1 requiring emergent surgical intervention by the pediatric otolaryngology service. RESULTS: A total of 15,850 @entity1 presented to our pediatric otolaryngology emergency service. Surgical intervention was indicated in 183 @entity1 (1.2%). The larynx/head _ neck was the most common site involved. Foreign body related @entity341 were the most common presentation requiring surgical interventions (42%). The aero-digestive tract was the most common site for foreign body retrieval (54%). CONCLUSION: Pediatric @entity1 have always constituted a significant portion of the general otolaryngology service. Most pediatric otolaryngology @entity341 are relatively benign. Aero-digestive tract foreign bodies are the most common indication for surgical intervention in ped iatric otolaryngology.

title: XXXX in pediatric otolaryngology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['Surgical emergencies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A genetic risk score (GRS) for @entity453 has recently been shown to be independent of family history ( @entity10238 ) in predicting future cardiovascular events. We sought to determine whether the presence of these risk factors, either individually or together, was associated with a higher burden of angiographic @entity453 . APPROACH AND RESULTS: We included 763 premature @entity1 with @entity1187 (median age, 50 [46-53] years; 30.8% @entity1 ) with at least 1 major @entity850 enrolled in the GENESIS-PRAXY study, a multicentre prospective cohort study of premature @entity1 with @entity1187 (aged  <=55 years). The prevalence of multivessel disease (ie, >= 2 vessels with >50% stenosis) in individuals with @entity10238 was 49.7% when compared with 37.9% in those without @entity10238 ( ITALIC! P<0.01 for comparison). In adjusted models for age, sex, traditional risk factors, and GRS, @entity10238 was associated with a higher prevalence of 3-vessel disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-2.21; ITALIC! P=0.12 for @entity66 and OR, 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-3.95; ITALIC! P=0.005 for 3-vessel disease). Individuals with a high GRS were also more likely to have multivessel disease (OR, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.99; ITALIC! P=0.047) after adjustment for traditional risk factors, including @entity10238 . Individuals with both an @entity10238 and a high GRS when compared with those with neither had the highest ORs for multivessel disease (adjusted OR, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-3.69; ITALIC! P=0.0064). CONCLUSIONS: In premature @entity1 with @entity1187 , the presence of either a high GRS or @entity10238 is associated with greater severity of @entity453 at angiography. Whether preventive strategies targeted to genetically predisposed individuals will reduce the burden of early @entity1187 warrants further study.

title: Association Between Family History, a Genetic Risk Score, and Severity of @entity453 in XXXX With Premature Acute Coronary Syndromes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['2-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial vessel stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Using MRI, we reported plaque regression in thoracic aorta and retardation of plaque progression in abdominal aorta by 1-year @entity2993 . However, association between serial plaque changes and LDL- @entity165 levels was not fully elucidated. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, open-label trial. METHODS: We investigated the long-term effect of 20 versus 5-mg @entity2993 on thoracic and abdominal plaques and the association between plaque progression and on-treatment LDL- @entity165 levels in 36 @entity753 @entity1 . MRI was performed at baseline and 1 and 2 years of treatment. Vessel wall area change was evaluated. RESULTS: The 20-mg dose markedly reduced LDL- @entity165 levels (-47%) versus 5-mg (-35%) dose. After 2 years of treatment, regression of thoracic plaques was found in the 20-mg group (-15% vessel wall area reduction), but not in the 5-mg group (+7%). Although the 20-mg dose induced plaque regression (-14%) from baseline to 1 year, no further regression was seen from 1 to 2 years of treatment (-1%). Regarding abdominal plaques, progression was found in the 5-mg group (+10%), but not in the 20-mg group (+2%). Plaque progression in the 5-mg group was found from baseline to 1 year (+8%), but not from 1 to 2 years (+2%). The degree of thoracic plaque regression correlated with LDL- @entity165 reduction (r = 0.61), whereas thoracic plaque change from 1 to 2 years correlated with on-treatment LDL- @entity165 levels (r = 0.64). CONCLUSION: Twenty milligrams of @entity2993 regressed thoracic plaques. However, maintaining low LDL- @entity165 levels was needed to prevent plaque progression. In abdominal aorta, only retardation of plaque progression was found after 2 years of 20-mg treatment.

title: Effect of lipid-lowering therapy with XXXX on atherosclerotic aortic plaques: a 2-year follow-up by noninvasive MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry was recently linked with longitudinal Centers for Medicare _ Medicaid ( @entity25266 ) claims data. The degree to which this linked cohort is representative of the overall CathPCI Registry and @entity25266 PCI populations is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: CathPCI Registry records were linked to @entity25266 inpatient claims using indirect identifiers. We examined the degree to which hospitals and @entity1 in the linked cohort are representative of the elderly (>= 65 years) CathPCI Registry and @entity25266 populations. From 2004 to 2006, 1492 hospitals filed @entity25266 PCI claims and 663 contributed CathPCI Registry data. Of these hospitals, 643 (97%) were linked across data sources. Compared with all @entity25266 PCI hospitals, the linked data set contained fewer governmental, northeastern, southern, and low-volume (<200 beds) sites. Among @entity25266 beneficiaries, 993,351 PCI procedures were performed, including 398,508 (40.1%) at centers in the linked database. Of these, 341,916 (86%) were linked to CathPCI Registry records. Linked and unlinked @entity25266 @entity1 had similar demographic and clinical features. In the CathPCI Registry database, 477,456 elderly @entity1 underwent PCI, with 359,077 (75%) linked to @entity25266 claims. Linked and unlinked National Cardiovascular Data Registry @entity1 were similar, except for less commercial or health maintenance organization insurance in the linked cohort. CONCLUSIONS: By using deterministic matching strategies, a large and representative cohort with detailed clinical data from the CathPCI Registry and longitudinal follow-up from @entity25266 claims has been created.

title: Linking the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry with Medicare claims data: validation of a longitudinal cohort of elderly XXXX undergoing cardiac catheterization.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate longitudinal function of @entity63 and nonischemic myocardial tissue detected by Tc-99m MIBI single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) prior to coronary revascularization in @entity1 with stable @entity951 . METHODS: We studied 24 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 62+/-9 years; 5 @entity1 ) with stable @entity951 . All @entity1 underwent myocardial perfusion SPECT. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) was performed to detect myocardial systolic velocities of anterior, inferior, septum and lateral walls at rest and peak @entity452 stress. RESULTS: A total of 96 segments were visualized with SPECT study. Maximum mean septal, lateral, anterior and inferior TDI systolic velocities were similar in @entity63 and nonischemic segments (6.73+/-1.04 cm/ @entity25787 .93+/-1.34 cm/sec, respectively) at rest. At peak stress, maximum mean TDI systolic velocities were lower in the 37 @entity63 segments (11.00+/-2.03 cm/sec) than 59 nonischemic segments (13.76+/-1.97 cm/sec, p = 0.001). Because we detected @entity63 in whole group using both diagnostic tests, coronary angiography was decided. Critical @entity3979 related to @entity63 segments was detected and coronary revascularization decided. CONCLUSION: TDI with @entity452 stress can be used in @entity1 with stable @entity951 . In this study, we observed that quantitative data by TDI associated with SPECT showed an agreement for coronary revascularization.

title: Myocardial perfusion SPECT and XXXX stress tissue Doppler imaging in evaluation of @entity1 with stable @entity951 .

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: 1. Absorption of @entity22780 (SCFA), @entity598 , @entity4919 , and @entity4876 was studied in simultaneously perfused proximal and distal segments of the colon in anaesthetized @entity840 . 2. @entity598 absorption rates increased linearly with concentration in both segments, indicating passive transport. 3. SCFA-clearance was independent of bulk luminal pH between pH 6.2 and 8.1 in the proximal and distal colon. SCFA-clearance was slightly higher in both segments at pH values less than 6. 4. The unexpected pH-independence of @entity14559 -absorption is attributed to the existence of a constant pH-microclimate at the surface of the colonic epithelium. 5. Relative permeabilities to @entity598 : @entity4919 : @entity4876 were estimated as 1:1.19 +/- 0.03:1.27 +/- 0.05 in the proximal colon and 1:2.31 +/- 0.39:3.50 +/- 0.61 in the distal colon. The significance of these findings with respect to the pH-partition hypothesis are discussed.

title: Concentration- and pH-dependence of short-chain fatty acid absorption in the proximal and distal colon of @entity840 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetate', 'acetate']

entities_list: @entity22780 :: ('MESH:D005232', 'Chemical') :: ['short-chain fatty acids']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['Cavia porcellus']


abstract: Twenty selected @entity1 suffering from severe, long-standing @entity625 ( @entity625 ) not controlled by anti-inflammatory drugs (19 cases) and from @entity12319 ( @entity12319 ) (1 case) were treated with @entity7305 . The subjects were divided into 2 groups: Group I comprised fourteen @entity1 (13 @entity625 and 1 @entity12319 ) treated continuously by @entity7305 150 mg/day for 3 or 6 months then on an intermittent regime (150 mg/day-3 days per week). Group II comprised 6 @entity625 @entity1 treated on the intermittent regime from the beginning. In Group I, following average treatment of 9 months (5-12 months), clinical results assessed according to precise clinical criteria were favorable in 9 out of eleven cases. In the other 2 cases no change was noted. Side effects included reversible @entity3028 in 9 cases, on 3 occasions this necessitated the discontinuation of treatment. A signifcant reduction in sedimentation rate was noticed in 5 cases out of eleven and in 3 @entity1 the Rose-Waller test turned negative. @entity1129 of IgG lambda appeared under treatment in 1 @entity1 who was deficient in IgA. Skin tests carried out periodically showed a significant augmentation of the response to candida. Lymphocyte culture in the presence of mitogens gave highly variable results from one control to the other in the same subject, as well as in the treated subjects as in the group of @entity625 not receiving @entity7305 . These results are compared with those previously published; the mechanism of action and possible indications for @entity7305 in @entity625 are discussed.

title: [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by XXXX . First results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['rhumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A monoclonal disglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['agranulocytosis']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['DLE', 'disseminated lupus erythematosis']

answer: @entity7305 :: (MESH:D007978,Chemical) :: ['levamisole']


abstract: @entity2205 ( @entity2205 ) induces apoptosis upon binding to @entity3048 ( @entity3048 / @entity3048 and @entity3049 / @entity3049 ). @entity3050 ( @entity3050 ) and @entity3051 ( @entity3051 ) have no or only a truncated cytoplasmic death domain. Consequently, they cannot induce apoptosis and instead have been proposed to inhibit apoptosis induction by @entity2205 . Agonists for the apoptosis-inducing @entity3048 and @entity3049 are currently tested in clinical trials. To determine the expression pattern of all surface-bound @entity2205 receptors and their prognostic clinical value, we investigated @entity5 samples of 311 @entity1 with @entity0 by immunohistochemistry. @entity2205 receptor expression profiles were correlated with clinico-pathological data, disease-free survival and overall survival. @entity3048 was more strongly expressed in better differentiated @entity5 , and correlated positively with surrogate markers of a better prognosis (hormone receptor status, @entity588 , negative nodal status), but negatively with the expression of @entity1722 and the proliferation marker Ki67. In contrast, @entity3049 and @entity3051 expression correlated with higher @entity5 grades, higher Ki67 index, higher @entity1722 /neu expression and a positive nodal status at the time of diagnosis, but with lower expression of @entity588 . Thus, the @entity2205 receptor expression pattern was predictive of nodal status. @entity1 with grade 1 and 2 @entity5 , who had @entity3049 but no @entity3048 , showed a positive lymph node status in 47% of the cases. Vice versa, only 19% had a positive nodal status with high @entity3048 but low @entity3049 . Most strikingly, @entity28161 expression negatively correlated with overall survival of @entity0 @entity1 . Although @entity3049 correlated with more @entity5 behaviour, @entity189 could be sensitised to @entity3049 -induced apoptosis, suggesting that @entity3049 might therefore be used to therapeutically target such @entity5 . Hence, determination of the @entity2205 receptor expression profile may aid in defining which @entity0 @entity1 have a higher risk of lymph node @entity3 and worse overall survival and on the other hand will help to guide @entity2205 -based @entity5 therapy.

title: Prognostic significance of @entity5 necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( @entity2205 ) receptor expression in XXXX with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumour', 'tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity2205 :: ('8743', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand', 'TRAIL']

entities_list: @entity3048 :: ('8797', 'Gene') :: ['TRAIL-R1', 'DR4', 'TRAIL receptors 1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Clinical and hemodynamic studies were conducted in 6 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 with @entity8674 /hemoglobin E disease. All except one had splenectomy. The @entity1 were hospitalized in the state of @entity712 . The systemic blood pressure was low or normal. The electrocardiograms revealed normal sinus rhythm in all, right @entity2270 deviation in some, right @entity1283 in the majority and repolarization abnormalities in some. The echocardiograms were sensitive to detect the right @entity299 and @entity2294 . Cardiac catheterization disclosed moderate to marked @entity519 . All @entity1 except one had @entity120 . Some had @entity1002 . From this study. It is concluded that right heart involvement secondary to @entity1151 is a major complication of @entity8674 /hemoglobin E disease.

title: Cardiac involvement in XXXX /hemoglobin E disease: clinical and hemodynamic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['atrial enlargement']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse pulmonary thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta-thalassemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the specific @entity299 associated with @entity1911 and to suggest a strategy for evaluating cardiac function in @entity1 with @entity1911 . METHODS: In this case-control study, we reviewed pathology records of @entity1 seen at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center between 1997 and 2007; @entity1 with @entity1911 and those with nonfunctioning benign or malignant @entity5 were identified. @entity1 with functioning adrenal adenomas that secreted @entity701 or @entity1369 were excluded. Clinical history, imaging, pathology, biochemical test results, electrocardiographic findings, and echocardiographic findings were compared between @entity1 with @entity1911 and @entity1 with nonfunctioning @entity5 . RESULTS: The charts of 22 @entity1 with @entity1911 and 35 @entity1 with nonfunctioning @entity5 were included. No perioperative mortality was observed. The average age of @entity1 with @entity1911 was similar to that of control @entity1 (51.9 +/- 3.9 years vs 60.2 +/- 2.5 years, respectively), as was the number of @entity1 with known @entity65 (2 [9%] in the @entity1911 group vs 5 [14%] in the control group). Two @entity1 with @entity1911 (9%) exhibited @entity296 . Abnormal electrocardiographic findings were present in 16 @entity1 with @entity1911 (73%) and in 17 control @entity1 (49%) (P = .1). QTc was prolonged in @entity1 with @entity1911 compared with control @entity1 (448.3 +/- 9.7 ms vs 424.7 +/- 4.5 ms, respectively; P = .02) and was correlated with levels of @entity1063 and @entity6531 , but not with levels of @entity1425 and @entity6533 or @entity5 size. @entity854 were present in 11 @entity1 with @entity1911 (50%) and in 8 control @entity1 (23%) (P = .04). Echocardiographic findings were normal in most @entity1 with @entity1911 ; abnormal left ventricular wall motion was documented in 3 @entity1 with long QTc. CONCLUSIONS: The specific electrocardiographic findings in @entity1 with @entity1911 are prolonged QTc and @entity854 . Performing an electrocardiogram in @entity1 with @entity1911 would be prudent. Echocardiography would be useful to examine LV wall motion in @entity1 with long QTc. @entity453 should be excluded in @entity1 with significant @entity1619 changes.

title: XXXX associated with @entity1911 and other @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity6531 :: ('MESH:D009647', 'Chemical') :: ['normetanephrine']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'adrenal or extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity6533 :: ('MESH:D008676', 'Chemical') :: ['metanephrine']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['ST-T abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac abnormalities']


abstract: Metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty is associated with elevated levels of @entity1953 and @entity3407 ions. The effects of @entity1953 and @entity3407 ions on cell number, activity, expression of @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) and @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) and oxidative stress on @entity1 osteoblast-like cells were addressed. Saos-2 cells were supplemented with @entity3158 , @entity6597 , or @entity3158    +   @entity6597 (1:2) at 0, 1, 10, and 100     g/L and incubated for 24, 48, 72, and 96   h. Cell activity was assessed by @entity98 -assay and cell number by Crystal Violet staining. RNA levels of @entity2159 and @entity5298 were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Compared to controls @entity3158 reduced cell numbers: at 10     g/L by 17        8% after 48   h and at 100     g/L after 24   h by 35        8%. @entity6597 decreased cell numbers at 10     g/L after 48 and 72   h. @entity3158    +   @entity6597 combined at 1     g/L lowered cell numbers after 24 and 96   h (17        13, resp. 13        4%). The 10 and 100     g/L concentrations reduced cell numbers significantly after 24, 48, and 96   h. @entity6597 reduced osteoblast activity at 1, 10, and 100     g/L at all incubation times. The strongest reduction (11        1%) was seen at 100     g/L after 96   h. The @entity2159 / @entity5298 ratio was reduced after 72   h with almost all @entity3158 and @entity6597 concentrations. After 96   h, @entity2041 , @entity224 dismutase, and @entity2196 levels were indicative for an oxidative stress response in all samples. In conclusion, @entity1953 and @entity3407 ions reduce @entity1 osteoblast activity, reduce @entity2159 / @entity5298 ratio and lead to oxidative stress.

title: @entity1953 and @entity3407 ions reduce @entity1 osteoblast-like cell activity in vitro, reduce the XXXX to @entity5298 ratio, and induce oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand', 'RANKL']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity2159 :: (4982,Gene) :: ['OPG']


abstract: The effect of differentiated and undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells on the repair of peripheral nerve gaps was studied. Adipose-derived stem cells were maintained in differentiation medium for 2 weeks. The expression of Schwann cell proteins S-100, @entity11451 ( @entity11451 ) @entity11451 and integrin b4 was examined by immunofluorescence staining and real time-polymerase chain reaction (real time-PCR) at the end of the differentiation period. A 10-mm gap on the left sciatic nerves of 20 Fischer @entity35 was created and bridged with @entity1346 tube (group I), @entity1346 tube filled with collagen gel (group II), nerve graft (group III), @entity1346 tube filled with adipose-derived stem cells (group IV) and @entity1346 tube filled with differentiated adipose-derived stem cells (group V). In vitro, the positivity of differentiated adipose-derived stem cells for S-100, @entity11451 @entity11451 and integrin b4 by immunofluorescence staining was 31%, 27% and 12%, respectively. Fold changes by real time-PCR in comparison with undifferentiated cells were 48.4, 168.7 and 284.85, respectively. In vivo, a walking track analysis did not yield any statistically significant differences after 3 months postoperatively; however, after 6 months, group IV (sciatic function index (SFI) = -49.1    13.1) and V (SFI = -52.6    5.7) showed significant improvement compared to other groups (I: -73.3    5.07, II: -79.6    12.01, III: -74.8    12.89) (p < 0.05). Nerve conduction velocity after 6 months was higher in groups IV (4.44    0.3 mm ms(-1)), V (4.25    0.3 mm ms(-1)) and III (4    0.3 mm ms(-1)) than in groups I (2.5    2.25 mm ms(-1)) and II (2.35    1.58 mm ms(-1)) (p > 0.05). Myelin fibre density and myelinated fibre/unmyelinated fibre ratio were significantly higher in the midnerve and the distal nerve in groups IV and V (p < 0.05). These results reveal the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells in nerve reconstruction.

title: Differentiated and undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells improve function in XXXX with peripheral nerve gaps.

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity11451 :: ('24596(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['nerve growth factor receptor', 'p75', 'NGFR']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: This study was designed to investigate the effect of surrogate @entity158 models on the quantitative sensory testing (QST) profile in healthy @entity1 . @entity2951 , @entity4746 , or saline (control) were applied topically onto the gingiva of 15 healthy subjects for 15  min. During application, the subjects rated @entity158 intensity on a score of 0-10, on an electronic visual analog scale (VAS). A standardized intra-oral QST protocol was performed before and immediately after application. Data obtained before and after application were compared using rank-sum tests, and QST profiles were made after Z-transformation. Application of @entity2951 caused moderate levels of @entity158 (VAS(peak)   =  6.0      0.7), and application of @entity4746 produced mild levels of @entity158 (VAS(peak)   =  1.8      0.6). @entity2951 induced @entity56 to warmth, @entity158 and @entity158 and hyposensitivity to mechanical stimuli. @entity4746 induced @entity56 to cold and warmth. Saline caused @entity56 to @entity158 and hyposensitivity to mechanical stimuli. However, somatosensory profiles from Z-scores demonstrated sensory gains regarding warmth detection and @entity158 only after application of @entity2951 . In conclusion, a standardized battery of QST showed somatosensory changes after application of @entity2951 , @entity4746 and saline to the gingiva. However, the Z-score-based profiles may only reflect the most prominent somatosensory changes and thus represent a conservative approach for evaluation of data.

title: Somatosensory profiling of intra-oral XXXX and @entity4746 in healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial pain', 'pain', 'heat pain', 'cold pain']

entities_list: @entity4746 :: ('MESH:D008610', 'Chemical') :: ['Menthol', 'menthol']

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['capsaicin']


abstract: The active metabolite of @entity3875 , @entity3873 ( @entity26670 ), is a mononuclear phagocyte product with immunoregulatory properties which can influence not only surrounding T cells but also other mononuclear phagocytes; and which acts in an autocrine fashion. In this study we have used the U937 cell line as a starting point model to investigate further the comparative role of @entity26670 and @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) upon growth, differentiation and phenotype in the mononuclear phagocyte system, and have correlated our findings with changes in @entity26670 metabolism and receptor expression. Both @entity26670 and @entity4515 inhibit growth and differentiate U937 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. When used together, however, at low doses of @entity4515 , @entity26670 protects against the @entity4515 -induced growth inhibition. At high concentrations of both compounds there is a decrease ( @entity26670 ) or an increase ( @entity4515 ) in @entity26670 receptor expression, with either @entity29381 ( @entity26670 ) or 1-OHase ( @entity4515 ) synthesis. If the compounds are used in combination the receptor levels are equivalent to controls, and both enzymes are produced. The phenotype of the @entity26670 -induced cells shows light adherence, class I+, increase in @entity404 and @entity5750 and decrease in @entity8282 . The @entity4515 -induced cell is tightly adherent, class I+, and strongly positive for @entity10793 with a concomitant decrease in both @entity404 and @entity8282 . These findings suggest another role for @entity26670 in the mononuclear phagocyte system, as a potential mitogenic agent. They also suggest that @entity26670 may act at both membrane and nuclear levels within this model of the mononuclear phagocyte pathway and demonstrate one possible way in which physiological peripheral macrophage heterogeneity might be induced, i.e. due to the nature of the signals which are implicated during differentiation. The presence of increased @entity404 and decreased @entity10793 on the surface of @entity26670 -differentiated cells, and vice versa on @entity4515 -differentiated cells, illustrates how this may then be reflected in functional mononuclear phagocyte heterogeneity, which may in turn be reflected in differential peripheral function.

title: The comparative role of XXXX and phorbol esters in the differentiation of the U937 cell line.

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity3873 :: (MESH:D002117,Chemical) :: ['1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol']


abstract: The response of BB @entity6 -prone @entity35 to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A (ConA) was measured. The W line was a good responder to ConA, whereas the DP was relatively unresponsive. This unresponsiveness could not be reversed with exogenous @entity5041 ( @entity5041 ). The response of DP @entity35 was enhanced by removing adherent cells. To directly test the response of BB T-cells, they were isolated by flow sorting. These experiments demonstrated that BB T-cells could mount a normal ConA response. The normal function of isolated BB T-cells suggested that they were under suppression. Suppressor activity could not be found in the OX8+ population but was found in the DP-adherent cell population. Adherent cells from the W line were not suppressive at the concentrations used. These results showed that the decreased mitogen responsiveness of BB T-cells was not due to an intrinsic T-cell abnormality but was due, in part, to suppression by adherent cells.

title: Mitogen responsiveness of lymphocytes from the BB/W XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-prone (DP) and W-line non-diabetes']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity35 inner medullary collecting tubule (RIMCT) cells produce @entity3899 derivatives including prostacyclin (PGI2). In RIMCT cells, PGI2 causes a dose-dependent increase in @entity268 ( @entity268 ; fmol/micrograms protein) from a basal level of 15.6 +/- 1.7 to 32.4 +/- 5.7 at 0.3 microM, 63.3 +/- 8.3 at 3 microM, and 103.5 +/- 9.4 at 30 microM PGI2. At concentrations of @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) from 10(-7) to 10(-9) M, @entity268 was greater in the presence than absence of 3 microM PGI2, suggesting independent sites of action. To assess whether the PGI2 effect is mediated by the @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) receptor, desensitization studies were performed. A 6-h preincubation with 10 microM @entity1421 blunted the response to 3 microM @entity1421 by 90 +/- 2% but the PGI2 response was decreased by only 31 +/- 5%, P less than 0.001. @entity32101 (carba-PGI2), a stable analogue of PGI2, blunted the @entity268 response to PGI2 by 94 +/- 3% but to @entity1421 by only 46 +/- 7%, P less than 0.005. The postreceptor effect of PGI2 on components of the adenylate cyclase was examined. The response to @entity1928 was markedly potentiated by PGI2. PGI2 (3 microM) caused an increase in @entity268 of 67 fmol/micrograms over basal in the absence of @entity1928 , of 164 fmol/micrograms at 10(-7) M @entity1928 , of 386 fmol/micrograms at 10(-6) M @entity1928 , and of 563 fmol/micrograms at 10(-5) M @entity1928 . The response of PGI2 was likewise potentiated by @entity1928 . Water permeability alone or in response to AVP in isolated perfused inner medullary collecting tubules was not affected by carba-PGI2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of prostacyclin on the @entity268 system in cultured XXXX inner medullary collecting duct cells.

entities_list: @entity268 :: ('CHEBI:17489', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate", 'cAMP']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity32101 :: ('MESH:C026678|MESH:C530152', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbaprostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse the clinical characteristics and patterns of @entity299 and to evaluate the clinical course and surgical treatment results. METHODS: In this retrospective study we evaluated the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods and surgical treatment outcome in all @entity1 (n=17) with @entity299 treated at the Institute of @entity65 of Vojvodina between the 1.1.2006-31.1.2009. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity299 constituted 0.52% of all @entity1 having had heart operations for different reasons. The average @entity1 age was 56.59 years and 12 (70.88%) @entity1 were female and 5 (29.12%) male. Left @entity4615 were by far more frequent (16 @entity1 , 94.11%) than right @entity4615 (1 @entity1 , 5.88%). The average time of symptom presence was around 12 months while 4 @entity1 (23.53%) were asymptomatic. The most common symptom was dyspnoea (53%) and @entity1295 (41%). Total extirpation of @entity5 mass was achieved in all cases. The @entity5 size ranged from 1.7x1 cm to 9.5x3.3 cm (average of 2x2.86) and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of @entity299 in every instance. The 30-day mortality after surgical extirpation of @entity4615 was 0%. CONCLUSION: @entity299 may mimic a huge variety of other @entity299 . Echocardiography plays an important role in diagnosing this disease. Because of relatively low risk, surgical treatment is recommended for most @entity1 with excellent postoperative prognosis.

title: XXXX : clinical presentation, surgical treatment and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxomas']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxoma', 'Cardiac myxoma', 'cardiac diseases', 'cardiac myxomas']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Diseases']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac myxoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor response to chemotherapy has been shown to predict outcome in @entity1 with @entity981 , @entity421 , and @entity2828 . We evaluated whether @entity5 @entity39 following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is prognostic for survival in @entity4177 ( @entity4177 ). PROCEDURE: @entity5 from @entity1 with newly diagnosed stage III and IV @entity4177 who underwent surgical resection following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated histologically for the extent of @entity5 @entity39 (total diameter of necrotic and fibrotic tissue divided by total diameter of @entity5 ). Clinical features, laboratory values, pathological features, treatment delivered, and vital status were recorded. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate prognostic factors. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 were evaluable. After a median of four cycles of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy gross total surgical resection was achieved in 29 @entity1 and complete resection documented by histology in 22 @entity1 . Three-year event free survival (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of the evaluable @entity1 were 70.3    8.3% and 76.8    7.6%, respectively. Extent of @entity5 @entity39 , platelet count at diagnosis, decline in serum alpha fetoprotein, and surgical margin status (positive vs. negative) were statistically significant predictors for both EFS and @entity1349 by univariate analysis. Multivariate analyses revealed that extent of @entity5 @entity39 and surgical margin status predicted improved EFS (P < 0.001) and @entity1349 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Extent of @entity5 @entity39 following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is an independent prognostic factor in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity4177 . Histological response may potentially be used in strategies to modify post-surgical therapy to improve survival in @entity4177 .

title: Tumor @entity39 predicts survival following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing Sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['HB', 'hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['hepatoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Given the severity of @entity99 in @entity1 with @entity409 ( @entity409 ) and @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 ( @entity3918 ), most of these @entity1 are recommended to be vaccinated. The aim is to assess the recent changes in HAV and @entity97 vaccination rates in @entity1 with @entity409 and @entity3918 in the U.S. using the most recent population data. METHODS: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) cycles 2009-2012 and 2013-2014, and compared those to previous cycles (1999-2004 and 2005-2008). RESULTS: In general U.S. population, the rates of quality measure (QM, serologic immunity or history of vaccination) for @entity97 increased from 31.9% in 1999-2004 to 49.5% in 2013-2014 (p<0.0001), synchronously with an increase in self-reported @entity97 vaccination: from 24.4% to 41.3% (p<0.0001). A similar increase was noted for HAV: 12.0% in 1999-2004 to 33.4% in 2013-2014 in vaccination, 44.0% to 52.4% in HAV QM (all p<0.0001). Greater recent increases in @entity97 QM were noted in non- @entity97 @entity409 @entity1 : 34.7% to 56.8% in @entity97 QM and 22.7% to 51.1% in @entity97 vaccination (all p<0.0001), while the changes in @entity1 with @entity6 were similar to those in general U.S. population despite the recent CDC recommendation (for the age 19-59): 31.0% to 45.1% (p=0.007) in @entity97 QM, and 22.3% to 39.0% (p=0.0004) in @entity97 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Despite recommendations, HAV and @entity97 vaccination rates in @entity1 with @entity409 and @entity3918 remain relatively low. Better vaccination strategies for these high risk @entity1 should be undertaken. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Vaccination against @entity99 and B in XXXX with @entity409 : Has Anything Changed?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['CLD', 'chronic liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Short-lasting unilateral @entity10 with @entity3169 and tearing ( @entity19425 ) syndrome is a rare type of trigeminal autonomic @entity10 . @entity19425 is typically idiopathic, and @entity19425 after indirect injury is very rare. We report a case of @entity19425 manifested dramatically after a @entity7125 and treated by greater occipital nerve (GON) block. CASE: A 62-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity10 associated with ipsilateral @entity158 , lacrimination, and @entity3169 after a car accident. Imaging study revealed no acute lesions. The symptoms were triggered and worsened by touch on the ipsilateral scalp and posterior neck region, and also by talking, swallowing, or chewing. We performed GON blocks for @entity10 3 times. The @entity1 experienced @entity158 relief after a GON block. CONCLUSIONS: @entity19425 induced by @entity7125 is rare. Our case showed good outcome of @entity19425 treated by GON.

title: @entity7125 -induced atypical short-lasting unilateral @entity10 with XXXX treated by greater occipital nerve block.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash injury']

entities_list: @entity19425 :: ('MESH:D050798', 'Disease') :: ['SUNCT syndrome', 'SUNCT', 'Secondary SUNCT syndrome', 'secondary SUNCT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['orbitofacial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival injection']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['cephalalgia', 'neuralgiform headache', 'headache']

answer: @entity3169 :: (MESH:D003229,Disease) :: ['conjunctival injection and tearing syndrome']


abstract: @entity375 @entity9146 -tRNA synthetase, an enzyme with an alpha2beta2 structure, has two active sites for @entity815 , tRNAphe, @entity13087 and @entity9146 -tRNAphe. Determination of @entity815 binding properties to the free enzyme by equilibrium dialysis shows that only one mole of @entity535 binds per mole of enzyme, i.e. absolute negative cooperativity. Binding of the @entity535 in the presence of tRNA or of @entity855 and @entity7371 unmasks the second @entity815 binding site. The difference between the affinities at the tight and loose binding sites under such conditions is about 10--15. Titration of @entity13087 sites by the burst of @entity855 consumption shows the formation of a (enzyme- @entity13087 )2 complex in the presence of pyrophosphatase; however, the two sites differ widely in their affinity as shown by dialysis experiments. Measurements of hydrolysis rates of enzyme-bound @entity13087 suggests that when only the high-affinity @entity1920 site is occupied, the other protomer can still bind @entity815 and @entity855 (in the presence of @entity815 ). Two moles of @entity815 -tRNAphe bind to the enzyme with a very high affinity (Kd less than 48 nM). The presence of millimolar concentrations of @entity855 , @entity815 and @entity9955 triggers negative cooperativity and under these conditions only one mole of @entity815 -tRNAphe is bound per mole of enzyme with a Kd value of 0.15 muM. The present results give support to interprotomer catalytic cooperativity in the mechanism of action of @entity375 @entity9146 -tRNA synthetase.

title: Non-equivalence of the sites of @entity375 XXXX -tRNA synthetase during catalysis.

entities_list: @entity9146 :: ('CHEBI:25987', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanyl']

entities_list: @entity9955 :: ('MESH:C107241', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrophosphate']

entities_list: @entity13087 :: ('MESH:C026617', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanyladenylate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe', 'phenylalanine']

answer: @entity9146 :: (CHEBI:25987,Chemical) :: ['phenylalanyl']


abstract: POSTOPERATIVE FOLLOW-UP: Despite adjuvant therapy, approximately 50% of all @entity1 undergoing curative surgery for Dukes C @entity14 will develop a recurrence within 3-5 years and 95% of these will die from their @entity5 shortly thereafter. ENDOSCOPY: Generally performed every 3 years after checking that all cancerous foci have been removed, colonoscopy is required to detect adenomes and @entity5 . Its contribution to screening for local recurrence is however rather limited since most recurrences develop in an extraluminal localization. @entity787 : Assayed at 8 months, repeated carcinoembryonic antigen assay can detect asymptomatic recurrence in 50 to 60% of the cases, usually 4 to 8 months prior to other explorations. Specificity is high (85% to 95% depending on the series), allowing exploratory laparotomy if @entity787 alone is elevated. However, the only randomized study evaluating @entity787 was unable to demonstrate any prolongation of survival with monthly tests. OPTIMAL FOLLOW-UP: There is some debate about the usefulness of intensive clinical and radiographic follow-up as the 4 randomized studies available were unable to demonstrate any beneficial effect. It must be noted however that the number of @entity1 included in these studies was too low to evidence a small improvement in survival rates. In France, a 6% improvement at 5 years would result in 200 fewer deaths due to Duke C @entity14 annually. A large multicentric randomized study will be initiated shortly in France to evaluate the impact of intensive @entity787 monitoring versus no monitoring and intensive versus periodical radiological follow-up.

title: [Monitoring XXXX after surgical resection].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metachronic cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: A method is presented for growing large numbers of pure isolated smooth muscle cells from adult @entity1 , monkey, and @entity95 blood vessels in primary culture. In the first few days in culture these cells closely resembled those in vivo and could be induced to contract with @entity2178 , @entity1063 and mechanical stimulation. They stained intensely with antibodies against smooth muscle actin and @entity3999 . Fibroblasts and endothelial cells did not stain with these antibodies thereby allowing the purity of each batch of cultures to be monitored. This was consistently found to be better than 99%. The smooth muscle cells modified or "dedifferentiated" after about 9 days in culture to morphologically resemble fibroblasts. At this stage cells could no longer be induced to contract and did not stain with the @entity3999 antibodies. Intense proliferation of these cells soon resulted in a confluent monolayer being formed at which stage some differentiated characteristics returned. The modification of "dedifferentiation" process could be inhibited by the presence of a feeder layer of fibroblasts or endothelial cells, or the addition of @entity268 to the culture medium. Smooth muscle cells which had migrated from explants in primary culture, and cells in subculture, had morphological and functional properties of "dedifferentiated" cells at all times. The advantages of differentiated rather than "dedifferentiated" smooth muscle cells in culture for the study of mitogenic agents in @entity731 is discussed.

title: Comparison of vascular smooth muscle cells from adult @entity1 , monkey and XXXX in primary culture and in subculture.

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a multivariate fall risk assessment model beyond the current fall Resident Assessment Protocol (RAP) triggers for nursing home residents using the @entity10281 ( @entity10281 ). DESIGN: Retrospective, clustered secondary data analysis. SETTING: National @entity283 ( @entity283 ) long-term care nursing homes (N = 136). @entity1 : The study population consisted of 6577 national @entity283 nursing home residents who had an annual assessment during FY 2005, identified from the @entity10281 , as well as an earlier annual or admission assessment within a 1-year look-back period. MEASUREMENT: A dichotomous multivariate model of nursing home residents coded with a fall on selected fall risk characteristics from the @entity10281 , estimated with general estimation equations (GEE). RESULTS: There were 17 170 assessments corresponding to 6577 long-term care nursing home residents. The increased odds ratio (OR) of being classified as a faller relative to the omitted "dependent" category of activities of daily living (ADL) ranged from OR = 1.35 for "limited" ADL category up to OR = 1.57 for "extensive-2" ADL (P < .0001). Unsteady gait more than doubles the odds of being a faller (OR = 2.63, P < .0001). The use of assistive devices such as canes, walkers, or crutches, or the use of wheelchairs increases the odds of being a faller (OR = 1.17, P < .0005) or (OR = 1.19, P < .0002), respectively. Foot problems may also increase the odds of being a faller (OR = 1.26, P < .0016). Alzheimer's or other @entity303 also increase the odds of being classified as a faller (OR = 1.18, P < .0219) or (OR=1.22, P < .0001), respectively. In addition, anger (OR = 1.19, P < .0065); wandering (OR = 1.53, P < .0001); or use of antipsychotic medications (OR = 1.15, P < .0039), antianxiety medications (OR = 1.13, P < .0323), or antidepressant medications (OR = 1.39, P < .0001) was also associated with the odds of being a faller. CONCLUSIONS: This national study in one of the largest managed healthcare systems in the United States has empirically confirmed the relative importance of certain risk factors for falls in long-term care settings. The model incorporated an ADL index and adjusted for case mix by including only long-term care nursing home residents. The study offers clinicians practical estimates by combining multiple univariate @entity10281 elements in an empirically based, multivariate fall risk assessment model.

title: A multivariate fall risk assessment model for XXXX nursing homes using the minimum data set.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Veterans Health Administration', 'VHA']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['Minimum Data Set', 'MDS']

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['VHA']


abstract: Two large-scale open-label studies were performed in France to confirm the efficacy and safety of etodolac ( @entity23837 ), a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Study I, a 6-week study performed by 974 rheumatologists, involved 4947 @entity1 who had @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), or @entity571 ( @entity571 ). Both efficacy and safety were assessed. Study II, a postmarketing safety study performed by approximately 9000 general practitioners, involved 51,355 @entity1 who had rheumatic conditions requiring therapy with NSAIDs. The daily dose of etodolac ranged from 200 to 600 mg/day in these studies, depending on the protocol and @entity1 response. By the end of study I (visit 3), spontaneous @entity158 improved by 33% for @entity1 with @entity309 , by 42% for @entity1 with @entity1691 , and by 50% for @entity571 @entity1 . A total of 1276 adverse reactions (AR) were reported during the study, and fewer than half of these were related to study treatment. Only 6 severe reactions were reported; three of these were considered unrelated to study treatment, including 2 @entity204 . In study II, 10.1% of @entity1 reported 6236 ARs and 9.0% of @entity1 dropped out because of AR. Twenty-one of the ARs reported in study II were judged severe, and all of these @entity1 recovered completely. The overall opinion of safety was assessed as very good or good by 89% of @entity1 . In both studies (greater than 55,000 @entity1 ), 11% of @entity1 reported an AR, and severe reactions were rare. These results confirmed the very acceptable risk/benefit ratio of etodolac and rank this drug high for efficacy and safety among the NSAIDs recently introduced in France.

title: Large-scale open trials with etodolac ( XXXX ) in France: an assessment of safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity23837 :: (MESH:D017308,Chemical) :: ['Lodine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Broad-based formal quality improvement curriculum emphasizing Six Sigma and the DMAIC approach developed by our institution is required for physicians in training. DMAIC methods evaluated the common outcome of postoperative @entity2753 , thus resulting in collaboration to prevent @entity2753 in the renal transplant population. METHODS: To @entity86 in renal transplant recipients, a project charter outlined project aims. To measure postoperative @entity2753 , serum @entity1372 at admission and immediately postoperative were recorded by retrospective review of renal transplant recipient charts from June 29, 2010 to December 31, 2011. An Ishikawa diagram was generated to analyze potential causative factors. Interdisciplinary collaboration and hospital policy assessment determined necessary improvements to prevent @entity2753 . Continuous monitoring in control phase was performed by establishing the goal of <10% of transplant recipients with abnormal serum @entity1372 annually through quarterly reduction of @entity2753 by 30% to reach this goal. RESULTS: Of 54 transplant recipients, postoperative @entity2753 occurred in 92.6% of @entity1 . These potential causes were evaluated: 1) Hemodialysis was more common than peritoneal dialysis. 2) Alemtuzumab induction was more common than antithymocyte globulin. 3) A primary diagnosis of @entity6 existed in 16 @entity1 (30%). 4) Strikingly, 51 @entity1 received 0.45% @entity2827 intraoperatively, suggesting this as the most likely cause of postoperative @entity2753 . A hospital policy change to administer 0.9% @entity2827 during renal transplantation resulted in normal serum @entity1372 levels postoperatively in 59 of 64 @entity1 (92.2%). CONCLUSION: The DMAIC approach and formal quality curriculum for trainees addresses core competencies by providing a framework for problem solving, interdisciplinary collaboration, and process improvement.

title: Formal quality improvement curriculum and DMAIC method results in interdisciplinary collaboration and process improvement in renal transplant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['define postoperative hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bowel function is an important outcome after @entity5 surgery that affects quality of life (QOL). Postoperative bowel function is often assessed with QOL instruments, but their ability to detect functional differences has not been evaluated. This study evaluated the efficacy of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) Core (C)-30 and Colorectal (CR)-38 QOL instruments in identifying functional differences among @entity1 undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery, grouped by clinical and treatment-related factors known to be associated with bowel function. METHODS: A total of 123 @entity1 who underwent sphincter-preserving surgery for stage I to III @entity5 completed the EORTC C-30 and CR-38 a median of 22.9 months after restoration of bowel continuity. The global QOL, Social and Physical Function subscales of the EORTC C-30, and Gastrointestinal (GI) Symptom and Defecation subscales of the EORTC CR-38 were hypothesized to be affected by bowel function. Known factors associated with function (age, sex, radiation, procedure, rectal reconstruction) were used to group @entity1 . Differences in the QOL scores between @entity1 groups were evaluated (t-test or analysis of variance). RESULTS: The global QOL was high, with a mean score of 76.84 +/- 18.6. The Defecation subscale detected differences in @entity1 grouped by age (P = .002), use of radiation (P = .04), and procedure type (P = .05). However, the remaining subscales failed to identify any differences. CONCLUSIONS: We found neither the EORTC C-30 nor CR-38 to be sensitive instruments in delineating differences in bowel function. The use of a validated instrument designed to assess function in @entity1 with @entity5 will more effectively and efficiently identify those @entity1 with poor postoperative function.

title: Can differences in bowel function after surgery for @entity5 be identified by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of XXXX quality of life instrument?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined in a prospective, randomized, international clinical trial the performance of a previously defined 30-gene predictor (DLDA-30) of pathologic complete response (pCR) to preoperative weekly @entity1311 and @entity1487 , @entity632 , and @entity786 (T/ @entity7366 ) chemotherapy, and assessed if DLDA-30 also predicts increased sensitivity to @entity7366 -only chemotherapy. We compared the pCR rates after T/ @entity7366 versus FACx6 preoperative chemotherapy. We also did an exploratory analysis to identify novel candidate genes that differentially predict response in the two treatment arms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Two hundred and seventy-three @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either weekly @entity1311 * 12 followed by @entity7366 * 4 (T/ @entity7366 , n = 138), or @entity7366 * 6 (n = 135) neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All @entity1 underwent a pretreatment fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the @entity5 for gene expression profiling and treatment response prediction. RESULTS: The pCR rates were 19% and 9% in the T/ @entity7366 and @entity7366 arms, respectively (P < 0.05). In the T/ @entity7366 arm, the positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of the genomic predictor was 38% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 21-56%], the negative predictive value was 88% (95% CI, 77-95%), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.711. In the @entity7366 arm, the @entity2286 was 9% (95% CI, 1-29%) and the AUC was 0.584. This suggests that the genomic predictor may have regimen specificity. Its performance was similar to a clinical variable-based predictor nomogram. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression profiling for prospective response prediction was feasible in this international trial. The 30-gene predictor can identify @entity1 with greater than average sensitivity to T/ @entity7366 chemotherapy. However, it captured molecular equivalents of clinical phenotype. Next-generation predictive markers will need to be developed separately for different molecular subsets of @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of a 30-gene @entity1311 , XXXX , @entity632 , and @entity786 chemotherapy response predictor in a multicenter randomized trial in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: The @entity1 immune system consists of a balance between immune surveillance against non-self antigens and tolerance of self-antigens. @entity405 (+) T cells and @entity404 (+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main players for immune surveillance and tolerance, respectively. We examined immunohistochemically the immunological balance at the @entity5 site using 94 surgically resected @entity14 tissues. @entity403 ( @entity403 )(+) cells were considered to be Tregs in the present study. The number of intratumoral @entity403 (+) cells (itFOXP3(+) cells) was positively correlated with lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.030). itCD8(+) T/itFOXP3(+) cell ratio negatively correlated with pathological stages (P = 0.048). Next, relationship between the number of itCD8(+) T cells or itFOXP3(+) cells and survival prognosis in 94 @entity1 who underwent a curative resection was analyzed. Only itCD8(+) T/itFOXP3(+) cell ratio positively correlated with disease-free survival (0.023) and overall survival (P = 0.010). Multivariate analysis indicated that itCD8(+) T/itFOXP3(+) cell ratio is an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.035) of overall survival. The number of itFOXP3(+) cells positively correlated with @entity2533 @entity2533 production at the @entity5 site (P = 0.020). In conclusion, itCD8(+) T/itFOXP3(+) cell ratio is a predictive marker for both disease-free survival time and overall survival time in @entity1 with @entity14 . Importantly, itCD8(+) T/itFOXP3(+) cell ratio may be an independent prognostic factor. And, @entity5 -producing @entity2533 may contribute to the increased number of itFOXP3(+) cells.

title: Intratumoral XXXX (+) T/ @entity403 (+) cell ratio is a predictive marker for survival in @entity1 with @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare measurements of @entity2 size between axial and multiplanar reformatted CT images, as well as to establish whether the difference between these measurements leads to a change in T stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2 who underwent chest CT up to 31 days before lung resection between December 2010 and March 2012 were included. Axial, sagittal, and coronal CT images were evaluated by two independent readers (1 and 2) who were blinded to clinical data. In 89 @entity1 , @entity2 categorized as T1a (54%), T1b (19%), T2a (24%), or T2b (3%) were analyzed. The @entity5 diameter using multiplanar reformatted CT was compared and correlated with axial CT alone and pathologic T stage. Statistical analysis included a Wilcoxon rank sum test to evaluate differences between measurements, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and kappa statistic to assess agreement. RESULTS: Prediction of T stage using axial CT alone compared with multiplanar reformatted CT agreed in 82% of @entity1 for reader 1 (k = 0.660 [95% CI, 0.531-0.789]) and 80% of @entity1 for reader 2 (k = 0.695 [95% CI, 0.572-0.818]). Prediction of T stage using multiplanar reformatted CT resulted in upstaging in 18% and 20% of @entity1 (for readers 1 and 2, respectively). Interobserver agreement (ICC [95% CI]) was 0.900 (0.803-0.954) for axial, 0.874 (0.772-0.946) for sagittal, and 0.754 (0.556-0.921) for coronal planes. CONCLUSION: Radiologic measurement of @entity2 T stage was higher using multiplanar reformatted CT as compared with axial CT alone. When available, multiplanar reformatted CT should be used to measure @entity5 dimension and thus assign an accurate @entity2 T stage.

title: Comparison of multiplanar reformatted XXXX measurements to @entity5 measurement alone: impact on maximal @entity5 dimension and T stage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'longest tumor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['CT lung tumor']


abstract: Since its first description by Virchow in 1851, @entity91 has been known as a potentially serious condition resulting in premature fusion of skull sutures. Traditionally, @entity91 has been regarded as an event that occurs early in fetal development, resulting in a skull shape at birth that is determined by the suture or sutures involved. In recent years, a different form of @entity91 has been observed. @entity1 initially come to the attention of physicians because they exhibit midface @entity509 or occasionally @entity5766 . The affected individuals all have a normal skull shape and open sutures in infancy but develop multiple-suture @entity91 postnatally, ultimately requiring surgical correction. These cases are significant because, although the @entity1 do not initially display the physical manifestations of @entity91 , they frequently develop @entity428 , which can have devastating consequences. Unless these @entity1 are recognized and vigilant follow-up monitoring is instituted at an early age, @entity73 can result. A retrospective chart review study was conducted, and @entity1 with multiple-suture @entity91 who developed symptoms of @entity428 were selected. The @entity1 were divided into two groups, namely, those with normal sutures and/or head shape at birth (progressive @entity91 ) (n = 15) and those with abnormal head shapes at birth (classic @entity91 ) (n = 12). Clinical and radiological findings typically used to monitor the development of @entity428 were reviewed for both groups and compared. In addition, mutational analyses were performed. All @entity1 with @entity91 demonstrated clinical, radiological, or ophthalmological evidence of @entity428 , requiring skull expansion. Those @entity1 displayed @entity1829 , anterior fontanelle bulge, and thumbprinting more often than did the @entity1 with @entity91 . Thirteen of 15 @entity1 were given the clinical diagnosis of @entity2168 , which raises the question of whether such @entity1 represent a subset of @entity1 with this syndrome. Mutational analyses for the @entity1 with progressive @entity91 demonstrated that, of 13 @entity1 tested, 11 had mutations in exon 7 or 9 of @entity7991 , which is a common site of mutations in @entity2168 . The traditional indications of @entity428 used to monitor @entity1 with @entity91 can be used to monitor @entity1 with @entity91 , particularly anterior fontanelle bulge, @entity1829 , and thumbprinting. It is thought that regular monitoring of these characteristics may lead to earlier diagnosis and allow for surgical intervention before the development of undesirable outcomes. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this group of @entity1 , because any delay in diagnosis and treatment can result in severe consequences for the @entity1 .

title: @entity91 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['permanent impairment']

entities_list: @entity2168 :: ('MESH:D003394', 'Disease') :: ['Crouzon syndrome']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['progressive postnatal craniosynostosis', 'classic craniosynostosis', 'craniosynostosis', 'syndromic craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['increased intracranial pressure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Type 2 @entity23159 : @entity34484 isomerase ( @entity34485 ) converts @entity23159 ( @entity34486 ) to @entity34484 ( @entity34484 ), the two fundamental building blocks of @entity12307 molecules. @entity34485 is found in many species of bacteria and is a potential antibacterial target since this isoform is non-homologous to the type 1 enzyme in @entity1 . @entity34485 requires a reduced @entity10698 to form the catalytically active ternary complex, @entity34485  FMNH2  @entity34486 . For @entity34485 from the pathogenic bacterium @entity328 , the @entity1785 can be treated kinetically as a dissociable cosubstrate in incubations with @entity34486 and excess @entity2125 . Under these conditions, the enzyme follows a modified sequential ordered mechanism where FMN adds before @entity34486 . Interestingly, the enzyme shows sigmoidal behavior when incubated with @entity34486 and @entity2125 with varied concentrations of FMN in aerobic conditions. In contrast, sigmoidal behavior is not seen in incubations under anaerobic conditions where FMN is reduced to FMNH2 before the reaction is initiated by addition of @entity34486 . Stopped-flow experiments revealed that FMN, whether bound to @entity34485 or without enzyme in solution, is slowly reduced in a pseudo-first-order reaction upon addition of excess @entity2125 (kred(FMN) = 5.7 * 10(-3) s(-1) and kred( @entity34485  FMN) = 2.8 * 10(-3) s(-1)), while reduction of the @entity1785 is rapid upon addition of @entity2125 to a mixture of @entity34485  FMN, and @entity34486 (kred( @entity34485  FMN  @entity34486 ) = 8.9 s(-1)). Similar experiments with @entity6857 as the reductant gave kred(FMN) = 221 s(-1) and kred( @entity34485  FMN) = 411 s(-1). @entity6857 reduction of FMN in the @entity34485  FMN and @entity34486 mixture was biphasic with kred( @entity34485  FMN  @entity34486  (fast)) = 326 s(-1) and kred( @entity34485  FMN  @entity34486  (slow)) = 6.9 s(-1) The pseudo-first-order rate constant for the slow component was similar to those for @entity2125 reduction of the @entity1785 in the @entity34485  FMN and @entity34486 mixture and may reflect a rate-limiting conformational change in the enzyme.

title: Kinetic and Binding Studies of @entity328 Type 2 XXXX : @entity34484 Isomerase.

entities_list: @entity34484 :: ('MESH:C043060', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylallyl diphosphate', 'DMAPP']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Homo sapiens']

entities_list: @entity23159 :: ('MESH:C004809', 'Chemical') :: ['isopentenyl diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity12307 :: ('CHEBI:24913', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenoid']

entities_list: @entity10698 :: ('MESH:D005486', 'Chemical') :: ['flavin mononucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6857 :: ('MESH:D004227', 'Chemical') :: ['dithionite', 'Dithionite']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity23159 :: (MESH:C004809,Chemical) :: ['Isopentenyl Diphosphate']


abstract: The demonstration of elevated levels of antigen-specific IgG antibodies is of importance for the diagnostic workup of @entity1 with a suspected @entity56 . We established a solid phase immunoassay for the determination of these antibodies based on chemiluminescence (CLIA). The CLIA demonstrated a low level of unspecific binding. The reproducibility of the CLIA was evaluated by calculating the intra- and inter-variation; the variation coefficient was 4% (intra-variation) resp. 13% (inter-variation). Using the CLIA we quantified IgG antibodies against @entity54 (A.f.), Micropolyspora faeni (M.f.) and Thermoactinomyces @entity6248 (T. v.) in the sera of @entity1 with @entity8007 ( @entity8007 , n = 10), healthy farmers (n = 13) and normal volunteers without prior hay contact (n = 12). For all 3 antigens the antibody levels of @entity1 with @entity8007 were significantly higher than the titers of the other groups. As a comparison all sera were tested with an established solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). Using the RIA a statistically significant difference could only be demonstrated between the antibody levels of @entity1 with @entity8007 and of normal volunteers without prior hay contact and was limited to the antigens A.f. and M.f. Comparing the results achieved with both assays on a point by point basis there was a good correlation for the antigens A.f. (r = 0.69; p less than 0.0001) and M.f. (r = 0.74; p less than 0.0001), whereas the correlation for T.v. was not satisfying (r = 0.42, p less than 0.02). In summary the CLIA is a promising new method for the determination of antigen specific IgG antibodies with the advantages of a radioimmunoassay without its potential hazards.

title: [Exogenous XXXX : assessment of antigen-specific IgG antibodies using a new chemiluminescence method].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8007 :: ('MESH:D005203', 'Disease') :: ["farmer's lung", 'FL']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic alveolitis']


abstract: The cause of @entity1468 , a syndrome unique to @entity1 pregnancy, is unknown. There is presently no effective pharmacologic therapy once the symptoms have appeared. Only delivery is curative. Preeclampsia likely has multiple etiologies, each of which activates a common pathway, culminating in diffuse endothelial damage, @entity2553 , and @entity101 . Current investigation suggests that @entity750 has a pivotal role in the genesis of preeclamptic @entity101 . The evidence, as obtained from @entity1 and animal study, is reviewed in this article, and areas in need of further study are highlighted. A modified series of Koch's postulates is employed for a framework. @entity750 is the agent but does not directly cause the @entity101 . Rather, it is suggested that in a milieu characterized by a reduction in endothelial-derived relaxing factor and @entity4770 , @entity750 augments the smooth muscle response to normally occurring concentrations of endogenous vasopressors. It is delivered to the site of action (the microvasculature) by the platelet, whose aggregation is encouraged by dysfunctional endothelium. Either inhibition of the delivery mechanism by a low, daily dose of @entity117 , or inhibition of the peripheral @entity750 type 2 (5HT2) receptor, effectively controls the @entity101 .

title: The role of @entity750 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome']


abstract: Our objective was to determine if @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a feasible therapeutic option for treatment of peritoneal recurrence of @entity1204 . Between August 2002 and May 2007, 5 @entity1 with recurrent @entity1204 confined to the peritoneal cavity who underwent @entity1104 with HIPEC. @entity900 (1 mg/kg) and @entity1138 (0.7 mg/kg) were perfused at an inflow temperature of 46 to 48-C for 90 minutes under systemic @entity2332 (32   C). Of the 5 @entity1 treated, histopathological type and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage were as follows: IB endometrioid (n = 1), IIIA endometrioid (n = 1), IIIC endometrioid (n = 2), and IC endometrioid + pseudosarcomatoid component (n = 1). The mean interval from initial surgery to @entity1104 with HIPEC was 47.5 months (10-120 months). In all @entity1 , @entity1104 was complete. One @entity1 with pseudosarcomatoid component developed recurrent disease 10 months after surgery and died 2 months later. One @entity1 experienced early recurrence with a @entity3483 and died. Three @entity1 are alive and disease free at 7, 23, and 39 months from surgery with good performance status. Regarding the @entity137 of the procedure, highly selected @entity1 with recurrent @entity1204 confined to the peritoneal cavity may benefit from improved survival after @entity1104 with HIPEC.

title: Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the treatment of recurrent XXXX confined to the peritoneal cavity.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'cytoreductive surgery']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: Soluble interleukin-6 receptor a subunit (sIL-6R) is primarily generated by shedding of the membrane-bound form. This process is influenced by the single nucleotide polymorphism @entity25829 ( @entity6407 ) resulting in an @entity2574 to @entity493 substitution ( @entity25830 ) at the proteolytic cleavage site. The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma levels of sIL6R are influenced by the @entity25829 polymorphism in @entity1 with @entity309 and to assess the association between plasma sIL-6R levels and disease activity as reflected by anti-CCP status. Thirty-nine @entity1 were randomly selected from a cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 of Spanish descent. Plasma sIL-6R concentrations were measured using sandwich ELISA. Genotyping of the @entity25829 ( @entity6407 ) polymorphism was done using a Fast Real-Time PCR System. DAS 28 scores were used to assess disease activity. Plasma sIL-6R levels were positively associated with the number of C alleles (AA: 35.27 (3.50)  ng/ml, AC: 45.50 (4.58)  ng/ml, CC: 52.55 (3.18)  ng/ml, P  =  0.0001). DAS28 and plasma sIL-6R levels were positively associated in the anti-CCP-positive subgroup (r (2)  =  0.45, P  =  0.0336) and negatively associated in the anti-CCP-negative subgroup (r (2)  =  -0.45, P  =  0.0825). No association between anti-CCP status and sIL-6R level was found. Our findings show that the @entity25829 polymorphism is operative in @entity1 with @entity309 . The presence of anti-CCP antibodies determines the relationship between sIL-6R concentration and disease activity.

title: Plasma soluble IL-6 receptor concentration in @entity309 : associations with the XXXX IL6R polymorphism and with disease activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity6407 :: ('c|SUB|A||C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A  >  C']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity25829 :: (rs8192284,SNP) :: ['rs8192284']