abstract: The measurement of collateral flow reserve (CFR; the hyperemic/baseline collateral flow velocity ratio) in @entity1 with chronic total coronary occlusion requires invasive and expensive techniques. Noninvasive transthoracic coronary Doppler echocardiography may be an alternative option. Fifty-one @entity1 with chronic total coronary occlusion were evaluated by transthoracic coronary Doppler echocardiography and venous @entity859 infusion to measure CFR in occluded coronary arteries (the left anterior descending artery in 44 @entity1 and the artery supplying the posterior descending artery in 7 @entity1 ). CFR data were plotted against 3 angiographic parameters: (1) grade of the epicardial filling of the occluded artery (1=absent, 2=partial, 3=complete), (2) @entity850 of the donor artery, and (3) the extent of @entity453 (vessels with >or=70% @entity850 ). Collateral flow was maintained at stress in 34 @entity1 (CFR>or=1, range 1.0 to 2.2) but was withdrawn in 17 @entity1 ( @entity15650 , range 0.25 to 0.90). CFR increased with the degree of angiographic collateral flow (grade 1: 0.73+/-0.29; grade 2: 1.16+/-0.31; grade 3: 1.34+/-0.49; F=5.31, p=0.008). A multivariate model of CFR prediction showed a direct relation with angiographic collateral grade and the number of diseased vessels and an inverse relation with @entity850 of the donor artery. In conclusion, CFR measurement is feasible by transthoracic coronary Doppler echocardiography. One third of the @entity1 with chronic total coronary occlusion had collateral flow withdrawal at stress, which occurs when collateral circulation is poor and when the donor artery is stenotic. CFR correlates with angiographic collateral grade and with the extent of @entity453 .

title: Functional assessment of the collateral-dependent circulation in chronic total coronary occlusion using transthoracic Doppler ultrasound and venous XXXX infusion.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: Pulmonary vasodilator therapy during increased right ventricular (RV) afterload and insufficient RV myocardial perfusion might further impair RV performance by lowering systemic and, thus, coronary perfusion pressure. This hypothesis was tested by initially inducing @entity120 (80% increase in resting pulmonary artery pressure by injection of autologous muscle) and subsequent right @entity3979 (40% decrease in flow by external cuff occlusion) in eight open-chest @entity235 . Then the effects of @entity1242 (5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), @entity5015 (0.2 microgram.kg-1.min-1), and @entity2514 (mean 0.14 mg/kg) on global and regional (ultrasonic dimension technique) RV performance and coronary hemodynamics (electromagnetic flow probes) were determined. Following all three drugs, right coronary artery flow decreased by 40-65% (mean values) accompanied by severe regional @entity296 suggestive of @entity63 (akinesis, systolic lengthening, and postsystolic shortening). Heart rates increased by 20-40%; aortic pressure decreased by 15-25%; and RV end-diastolic pressure remained unchanged. Despite similarly adverse effects on regional RV performance and comparable effects on heart rate, perfusion and filling pressures with all three drugs, RV systolic pressure, RV dP/dt, and pulmonary artery pressure during @entity1242 and @entity5015 remained unchanged, and @entity64 volume and pulmonary artery flow decreased, but they all increased or were maintained ( @entity64 volume) during @entity2514 . Gas exchange was not affected by any of the vasodilators. Thus, in this model of combined @entity120 and right @entity453 , @entity1242 , @entity5015 , and @entity2514 elicited severe regional dysfunction suggestive of @entity63 , probably related to concomitant increases in heart rate and decreases in coronary perfusion pressure. Despite such evidence of severe regional RV @entity63 , @entity2514 maintained global RV pump function. These results indicate 1) that in the presence of increased RV afterload and @entity301 , reduction in coronary perfusion pressure during pulmonary vasodilator therapy may be deleterious, and 2) that even severe regional @entity741 may not necessarily be accompanied by respective changes in global hemodynamics and thus may go undetected.

title: XXXX during vasodilator therapy in a @entity235 model of @entity120 and @entity301 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'acute pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery insufficiency']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Randomized controlled trials incorporating validated @entity308 scales have failed to identify an association between interferon beta treatment and @entity308 in @entity15 . This is surprising since interferons used in other clinical contexts are considered capable of causing @entity308 . The negative results in @entity15 could be due inadequate power in the published trials. METHODS: In this study, longitudinal data from an IMS Health Canada database called the Therapy Dynamics database were analyzed. The database contains information about prescriptions filled at outpatient pharmacies in Canada, linked at the individual level over time periods as long as 36 months. Antidepressant prescriptions were used as a proxy indicator for @entity308 . The frequency of antidepressant use was compared in cohorts treated with @entity1638 and interferon beta. RESULTS: No differences in the frequency of antidepressant treatment were observed. A large proportion (approximately 40%) in all treatment cohorts were treated with antidepressants at some time over the study interval. The proportions remained comparable after adjustment for age and sex and in a time-to-event analysis of new antidepressant prescriptions. Among @entity1 receiving prescriptions exclusively from Neurologists, the frequency of exposure to antidepressants was much lower (2.4%). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis uncovered no evidence that antidepressant treatment occurs more often in @entity1 treated with interferon beta than in those treated with @entity1638 . These results help to confirm that @entity308 is not associated with interferon beta treatment in @entity15 .

title: Anti-depressant use in association with interferon and @entity1638 treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Massive @entity79 have been treated by various methods with variable success rates. The Ilizarov technique has been advocated as a preferred method for treatment of @entity1347 . Twenty five @entity1 with massive post traumatic @entity79 of the lower limb (22 tibiae, 3 femurs) were treated using Ilizarov's technique. After radiological evaluation, the @entity1 were subjected to bone transport. Bifocal osteosynthesis was performed in all except those needing >12 cm of bone transport. Distraction was started between day 4 and 7 at the rate of 1 mm per day in four increments. All were males with a mean gap of 8.9 cm (range: 5-17 cm), mean age of 28.24 years (16-40) and having undergone a mean of 2.6 previous surgeries. Mean time in Ilizarov frame was 8.8 months and external fixator index was 0.98 months. Mean duration of follow-up after frame removal was 23.5 months. Union was achieved in 23 (92%) cases. Bone grafting was required in 9 (36%) According to ASAMI criteria, bone results were excellent in 13, good in 1, and poor in 11 @entity1 . Functional results were excellent in 6 @entity1 , good in 9, fair in 4, and poor in 6 @entity1 . A total of 72 complications occurred (2.88 complications per @entity1 ). Union was achieved in all except two @entity1 . The Ilizarov external fixator offers a limb salvage solution even in large @entity79 but the surgeon should set realistic goals both for himself and his @entity1 while offering this method of treatment.

title: Management of massive XXXX in the lower limb with the Ilizarov technique.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['large segmental defects']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic bone defects']


abstract: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a proven treatment for @entity712 but ~30% of @entity1 appear to not benefit from the therapy. Left ventricular (LV) endocardial and multisite epicardial [triventricular (TriV)] pacing have been proposed as alternatives to traditional LV transvenous epicardial pacing, but no study has directly compared the hemodynamic effects of these approaches. @entity714 and repeated microembolizations were performed in @entity235 to induce electrical dysynchrony and to reduce LV ejection fraction to <35%. LVdP/dt(max) and other hemodynamic indexes were measured with a conductance catheter during LV epicardial, LV endocardial, biventricular ( @entity3032 ) epicardial, @entity3032 endocardial, and TriV pacing performed at three @entity713 . LV endocardial pacing was obtained with a clinically available pacing system. The optimal site was defined as the site that increased dP/dt(max) by the largest percentage. Implantation of the endocardial lead was feasible in all @entity235 (n = 8) without increased @entity339 seen with transesophageal echocardiography and with full access to the different LV endocardial pacing sites. @entity3032 endocardial pacing increased dP/dt(max) more than @entity3032 epicardial and TriV pacing on average (P < 0.01) and at the optimal site (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between @entity3032 epicardial and TriV pacing. @entity3032 endocardial pacing was superior to @entity3032 epicardial and to TriV pacing in terms of acute hemodynamic response. Further investigation is needed to confirm the chronic benefit of this approach in @entity1 .

title: Left ventricular endocardial or triventricular pacing to optimize cardiac resynchronization therapy in a chronic @entity235 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['Left bundle branch block ablation']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular delays']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity420 of the small bowel and ampulla of Vater represent rare @entity5 that have limited data regarding first-line therapy. We conducted a phase II trial to evaluate the benefit of @entity416 in combination with @entity901 (CAPOX) in @entity1 with advanced @entity420 or ampullary origin. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 with metastatic or unresectable @entity5 and no prior systemic chemotherapy for advanced disease participated in this phase II trial. CAPOX was administered as a 21-day cycle with @entity901 130 mg/m(2) on day 1 and @entity416 750 mg/m(2) twice a day on days 1 through 14. The primary end point was overall response rate as assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 . RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 were enrolled onto the study, and 30 @entity1 received study treatment. The confirmed overall response rate was 50%; three @entity1 with @entity3 achieved complete responses. The median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 11.3 months, and the median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 20.4 months. Subset analysis of @entity1 with @entity3 only (n = 25) revealed a median @entity1054 of 9.4 months and median @entity1349 of 15.5 months. The most common grades 3 or 4 @entity137 included @entity1295 (30%), @entity1897 (10%), @entity391 (10%), @entity294 (10%), and @entity1398 (10%). CONCLUSION: When administered to @entity1 with good performance status, CAPOX is well tolerated and produces a superior response rate and longer @entity1349 compared with other regimens in the literature. CAPOX should be considered a new standard regimen for advanced small bowel and @entity420 .

title: Phase II study of @entity416 and XXXX for advanced @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Solid Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['time to progression', 'TTP']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of small bowel', 'Adenocarcinomas', 'ampullary adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of two types of online learning methodologies for improving the @entity1 -safety behaviours mandated in the Joint Commission National @entity1 Safety Goals (NPSG). METHODS: This randomised controlled trial was conducted in 2010 at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and @entity1 's Hospital (BWH) in Boston USA. Incoming interns were randomised to either receive an online @entity3626 ( @entity3626 ) programme consisting of cases and questions that reinforce over time, or a programme consisting of an online slide show followed by a quiz (SQ). The outcome measures included NPSG-knowledge improvement, NPSG-compliant behaviours in a simulation scenario, self-reported confidence in safety and quality, programme acceptability and programme relevance. RESULTS: Both online learning programmes improved knowledge retention. On four out of seven survey items measuring satisfaction and self-reported confidence, the proportion of @entity3626 interns responding positively was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the fraction of SQ interns. @entity3626 interns demonstrated a mean 4.79 (36.6%) NPSG-compliant behaviours (out of 13 total), while SQ interns completed a mean 4.17 (32.0%) (p=0.09). Among those in surgical fields, @entity3626 interns demonstrated a mean 5.67 (43.6%) NPSG-compliant behaviours, while SQ interns completed a mean 2.33 (17.9%) (p=0.015). Focus group data indicates that @entity3626 was more contextually relevant than SQ, and significantly more engaging. CONCLUSION: While both online methodologies improved knowledge surrounding the NPSG, @entity3626 was more contextually relevant to trainees and was engaging. @entity3626 impacted more significantly on both self-reported confidence and the behaviour of surgical residents in a simulated scenario.

title: Impact of online education on intern behaviour around joint commission national XXXX safety goals: a randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3626 :: ('MESH:D018489', 'Disease') :: ['Spaced Education', 'SE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Objective. Limited data are available on the incidence and risk factors of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in Asian @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ). Material and methods. Information on 5212 Korean @entity1 with @entity29 (2414 with @entity30 [ @entity30 ] and 2798 with @entity31 [ @entity31 ]) was retrieved from the @entity29 registry of Asan Medical Center. Data on @entity14 incidence for the entire Korean population were derived from the Korean Statistical Information Service. Results. During 39,951 @entity1 -years of follow-up (17,679 for @entity30 and 22,272 for @entity31 ), 30 @entity1 (12 with @entity30 and 18 with @entity31 ) developed @entity14 . The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of @entity14 was 6.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.10-10.48) for @entity30 and 1.68 (95% CI, 1.00-2.66) for @entity31 ; it was 9.69 (95% CI, 5.01-16.93) for @entity30 with colonic involvement and 4.31 (95% CI, 2.46-7.00) for extensive @entity31 . The SIR was also increased in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity29 at younger than 30 years old. @entity14 location was the low rectum in 11 of 12 @entity30 @entity1 (91.7%). The cumulative probability of @entity5 was higher in @entity30 @entity1 with a perianal @entity292 than in those without a perianal @entity292 (p = 0.02). Conclusions. A high prevalence of perianal @entity292 in Korean @entity30 @entity1 may be the cause of the predominance of @entity5 in this population and the higher SIR of @entity14 in Koreans than in Westerners. In contrast, the SIR of @entity14 in Korean @entity31 @entity1 may be similar to that in Western @entity31 @entity1 .

title: The risk of @entity14 in XXXX : a hospital-based cohort study from Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low rectal cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: For over a decade our laboratory has developed and used a novel histochemical assay using derivatized agarose beads to examine the surface properties of various cell types. Most recently, we have used this assay to examine lectin binding ligands on two @entity1 cell types, CCL-220, a @entity694 cell line, and @entity18204 -1459, a non- @entity5 colon cell line. We found that CCL-220 cells bound specific lectins better than @entity18204 -1459, and this information was used to test for possible differential @entity137 of these lectins in culture, as a possible approach in the design of more specific anti- @entity5 drugs. Although we have examined the validity of the bead-binding assay in sea urchin cell systems, we have not previously validated this technique for @entity1 cells. Here the binding results of the bead assay are compared with conventional fluorescence assays, using lectins from three species (Triticum vulgaris, @entity11297 , and @entity2092 ) on the two colon cell lines. These lectins were chosen because they seemed to interact with the two cell lines differently. Binding results obtained using both assays were compared for frozen, thawed and fixed; cultured and fixed; and live cells. Both qualitative and quantitative fluorescence results generally correlated with those using the bead assay. Similar results were also obtained with all of the three different cell preparation protocols. The fluorescence assay was able to detect lower lectin binding ligand levels than the bead assay, while the bead assay, because it can so rapidly detect cells with large numbers of lectin binding ligands, is ideal for initial screening studies that seek to identify cells that are rich in surface binders for specific molecules. The direct use of frozen, thawed and fixed cells allows rapid mass screening for surface molecules, without the requirement for costly and time consuming cell culture.

title: Analysis of unconventional approaches for the rapid detection of surface lectin binding ligands on XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity2092 :: ('MESH:D007905', 'Disease') :: ['Lens culinaris']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity566 is an important cause of inner city @entity565 . To perform valid studies on the diagnosis and treatment of @entity566 , biological potencies of test extracts need to be established, and a surrogate in vitro test for biological potency should be chosen. METHODS: Sixty-two cockroach-allergic adult subjects were recruited for quantitative skin testing with three commercial @entity13377 extracts. The intradermal D50 values were determined using linear interpolation, and the biologic potencies were determined from D50 data. The extracts were also analysed for relative potency, using a competition ELISA, and for specific allergen content, using a two-site ELISA. RESULTS: Estimates of each extract's D50 were analysable in 48-55 subjects, with D50s between 10.3 and 11.8. All three extracts were bioequivalent using pre-set criteria. The biological potencies of the extracts were 1738-8570 bioequivalent allergy units (BAU)/mL (geometric mean=3300), and these relative potencies were similar to those estimated by competition ELISA and specific allergen content. IgE against cockroach allergens were detected in sera from 34 subjects with analysable D50s, and 17 subjects had IgE directed against specific cockroach allergens. Although the presence of anti-Bla g 5 correlated with the subjects' skin test responses for 2/3 extracts, no single allergen was immunodominant. Antibody responses among the subjects were heterogeneous. CONCLUSIONS: Although commercial cockroach extracts are relatively low in potency, immunotherapeutic doses should be achievable. Biological potency may be estimated using D50 testing, a combination of specific allergen determinations, or by an overall potency assay such as the competition ELISA. CAPSULE SUMMARY: The biological potency of three @entity13377 allergen extracts, determined in an inner city population, was 1738-8570 BAU/mL. No one allergen was immunodominant, and surrogate in vitro testing methods were examined.

title: Biological potency of XXXX allergen extracts determined in an inner city population.

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['cockroach allergy', 'Cockroach allergy']

entities_list: @entity13377 :: ('6973', 'Species') :: ['German cockroach']

answer: @entity13377 :: (6973,Species) :: ['German cockroach']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate @entity548 and transvaginal sonographic measurement of endometrial thickness as predictors of @entity1204 and @entity1373 in @entity1 whose cases were followed for > or =10 years after referral for @entity548 . STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 (n = 394) who had @entity548 from November 1987 to October 1990 underwent transvaginal sonographic measurement of endometrial thickness and curettage. It was possible to assess the medical records (regarding recurrence of a @entity548 , development of @entity1204 , and @entity204 ) in 339 of the 394 @entity1 (86%) > or =10 years after referral for @entity548 . RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 339 @entity1 (11.5%) had @entity1204 , and 5 @entity1 (1.5%) had @entity1373 . The relative risk of @entity1204 in @entity1 who were referred for @entity548 was 63.9 (95% CI, 46.0-88.8); the corresponding relative risk for @entity1204 and @entity1373 together was 72.1 (95% CI, 52.8-98.5) compared with @entity1 of the same age from the general population of the same region of Sweden. No @entity1 with an endometrial thickness of < or =4 mm was diagnosed as having @entity1204 . The relative risk of the development of @entity1204 in @entity1 with an endometrial thickness of >4 mm was 44.5 (95% CI, 6.5-320.1) compared with @entity1 with an endometrial thickness of < or =4 mm. The reliability of endometrial thickness (cutoff value, < or =4 mm) as a diagnostic test for @entity1204 was assessed: Sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 60%; positive predictive value, 25%; and negative predictive value, 100%. The incidence of @entity1204 or @entity1373 in @entity1 with an intact uterus whose cases had been followed for > or =10 years was 5.8% (15/257 @entity1 ) compared with 22.7% (15/66 @entity1 ) in @entity1 who had < or =1 episode of recurrent @entity548 . No @entity1204 was diagnosed in @entity1 with a recurrent @entity548 who had an endometrial thickness of < or =4 mm at the initial scan. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal @entity548 incurs a 64-fold increase risk for @entity1204 . There was no increased risk of @entity1204 or atypia in @entity1 who did not have recurrent @entity548 , whereas @entity1 with recurrent @entity548 were a high-risk group. No @entity1204 was missed when endometrial thickness measurement (cutoff value, < or =4 mm) was used, even if the @entity1 were followed up for < or =10 years. We conclude that transvaginal sonographic scanning is an excellent tool for the determination of whether further investigation with curettage or some form of endometrial biopsy is necessary

title: Can ultrasound replace dilation and curettage? A longitudinal evaluation of XXXX and transvaginal sonographic measurement of the endometrium as predictors of @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Central catheters are an important prerequisite for adequate parenteral nutrition in preterm @entity1 . However, a variety of complications have been shown to be associated with central lines: septicemica, @entity715 , mechanical complications. In this retrospective analysis we summarize our recent experience with central silastic catheters. RESULTS: Within a five-year-period (1986-1990). 497 silastic-catheters were inserted in 366 high risk neonates (mean birthweight 1360 g; 1060-1740 g, 25.-75. percentile) treated at the NICU, Department of Pediatrics, University of G  ttingen. 451 catheters which were placed in a central position, were removed after an average duration of 11 days (mean; 8-18 days, 25.-75. percentile). During the observation period, 62.8 percent of the catheters were purposely removed. Making use of the Kaplan-Meier-curve, we calculated how long the catheter could stay without complications; 50% of all catheters could be expected to be in place for 25 days. The incidence of @entity295 was 1.9%, bacterial contamination of the catheters was evident in 22% of all central lines. The most predominant microorganisms responsible for catheter-contamination were coagulase-negative staphylococci. In addition, catheters were removed because of signs of @entity3527 or suspected @entity715 (11.1%), and mechanical complications ( @entity3029 , occlusion; 11.7%). Due to malposition of the central catheter two preterm @entity1 developed @entity2294 . There was no correlation between the site where the catheter was inserted and these complications. CONCLUSION: Central silastic catheters wherever clinically indicated are a valuable adjunct in the parenteral nutrition on high risk neonates.

title: [Percutaneous Silastic catheters in newborn and premature XXXX . A report of experiences with 497 catheters in 5 years].

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity302 face significant cognitive and @entity146 . These impairments are due to a poorly characterized interaction between the underlying etiology, the effect of @entity410 and the effect of medication. The large variation in these factors make understanding the main drivers of @entity73 in @entity1 extremely difficult. Therefore, we investigated the cognitive effect of @entity410 and the antiepileptic drug @entity1092 in a rodent model of @entity6795 . @entity35 were divided into @entity410 -receiving and non-receiving groups. @entity35 experienced frequent early life @entity410 using the @entity15945 inhalation method: 50 @entity410 between postnatal day 5 and 15 and then one @entity410 a day following that. @entity35 were further divided into drug-treated and vehicle treated groups. @entity1092 treated animals were treated from 5 days preceding behavioral testing in the Morris water maze at a clinically relevant concentration. We show here that the main driver of @entity73 are the @entity75 , and that persistent @entity410 in animals with @entity75 and @entity1092 caused no additional impact. These findings suggest that neither an appropriate dose of a standard antiepileptic drug or intractable @entity410 worsen cognition associated with a @entity600 of cortical development and that alternative treatment strategies to improve cognition are required.

title: Standard dose @entity1092 does not cause additional cognitive impact in a rodent model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral impairments']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain malformations']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid', 'valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity15945 :: ('MESH:D005481', 'Chemical') :: ['flurothyl']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['intractable epilepsy']


abstract: @entity1 navigation is now a standard component of @entity5 care in many oncology facilities, but a fundamental question for navigator programs, especially in medically underserved populations, is whether or not individuals will use this service. In this study, we evaluated acceptance of a community-based navigator program for @entity5 control and identified factors having significant independent associations with navigation acceptance in an urban sample of African Americans. @entity1 were African American @entity1 and @entity1 ages 50-75 who were residents in an urban metropolitan city who were referred for navigation. Of 240 @entity1 , 76% completed navigation. Age and perceived risk of developing @entity5 had a significant independent association with navigation acceptance. @entity1 who believed that they were at high risk for developing @entity5 had a lower likelihood of completing navigation compared with those who believed that they had a low risk for developing this disease. The likelihood of completing navigation increased with increases in age. None of the socioeconomic factors or health care variables had a significant association with navigation acceptance. There are few barriers to using community-based navigation for @entity5 control among urban African Americans. Continued efforts are needed to develop and implement community-based programs for @entity5 control that are easy to use and address the needs of medically underserved populations.

title: Acceptance of a community-based navigator program for XXXX control among urban African Americans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The @entity6739 fbp1 gene, which encodes fructose-1,6-bis-phosphatase, is transcriptionally repressed by @entity413 through the activation of the @entity268 -dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and transcriptionally activated by @entity413 starvation through the activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). To identify transcriptional regulators acting downstream from or in parallel to PKA, we screened an adh-driven cDNA plasmid library for genes that increase fbp1 transcription in a strain with elevated PKA activity. Two such clones express @entity1472 -terminally truncated forms of the @entity6739 tup12 protein that resembles the @entity375 @entity15434 global corepressor. These clones appear to act as dominant negative alleles. Deletion of both tup12 and the closely related tup11 gene causes a 100-fold increase in fbp1-lacZ expression, indicating that tup11 and tup12 are redundant negative regulators of fbp1 transcription. In strains lacking tup11 and tup12, the atf1-pcr1 transcriptional activator continues to play a central role in fbp1-lacZ expression; however, spc1 MAPK phosphorylation of atf1 is no longer essential for its activation. We discuss possible models for the role of tup11- and tup12-mediated repression with respect to signaling from the MAPK and PKA pathways. A third clone identified in our screen expresses the php5 protein subunit of the CCAAT-binding factor (CBF). Deletion of php5 reduces fbp1 expression under both repressed and derepressed conditions. The CBF appears to act in parallel to atf1-pcr1, although it is unclear whether or not CBF activity is regulated by PKA.

title: Transcriptional regulators of the XXXX fbp1 gene include two redundant @entity15434 -like corepressors and the CCAAT binding factor activation complex.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['S. pombe', 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have indicated that @entity1694 areas contain inactive or dormant melanocytes. Melanin synthesis is related to @entity11442 presence and indicative of active metabolic state. The aim of this study was to compare repigmentation, epidermal melanocyte distribution and @entity11442 mRNA detection through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, in tissue samples of @entity1694 , before and after curettage, with or without subsequent autologous skin graft using a new method. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, in the Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo Andr  . METHODS: Two @entity1694 areas were curetted. One subsequently received grafted normal sacral autologous skin, whereas the other had no further treatment. The curetted areas were examined after 30 days, to evaluate the degree of repigmentation. The melanocyte percentages and @entity11442 mRNA presence in normal skin and @entity1694 areas, before and after curettage and grafting, were compared. RESULTS: Complete repigmentation was seen in all grafted areas, whereas non-grafted curetted @entity1694 presented partial repigmentation. The melanocyte percentage in grafted areas was greater than in non-treated @entity1694 skin (p = 0.01) and skin with curettage alone (p = 0.015). @entity11442 mRNA was negative in 93.75% of non-treated @entity1694 areas. After treatment (curettage alone or curettage and grafting), all lesions became positive for @entity11442 mRNA. CONCLUSION: Metabolically inactive or dormant melanocytes are probably present within @entity1694 areas, and may be activated by exogenous or endogenous stimuli.

title: Vitiligo: analysis of grafting versus curettage alone, using melanocyte morphology and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for XXXX mRNA.

entities_list: @entity11442 :: ('7299', 'Gene') :: ['Tyrosinase', 'tyrosinase']

answer: @entity11442 :: (7299,Gene) :: ['tyrosinase']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of three different physiotherapeutic approaches in the management of the @entity309 . METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) recruited from a rheumatology department in Mid-Staffordshire, UK (February 1999 to January 2001) were randomized to three groups. All received joint protection (JP) information delivered by a therapist at baseline. Group 1 @entity1 received a set of additional hand-strengthening and mobilizing home exercises, group 2 a different set of additional hand-stretching exercises and group 3 the JP information alone. The primary outcome was the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales II (AIMS II) (upper limb; hand and finger function subscales). Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 1, 3 and 6 months. Analysis was by intention to treat. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 (mean age 59.6 yr) were recruited: group 1 n = 21, group 2 n = 24 and group 3 n = 22. A 78% follow-up was achieved at 6 months. There was a mean fall (SD) in AIMS II upper limb function 0-6 month change scores in group 1 of 1.00 (1.07). In groups 2 and 3 there was a mean increase in AIMS II scores of 0.18 (1.54) and 0.30 (1.22), respectively. The differences in AIMS change scores between group 1 and groups 2 and 3 were statistically significant (P = 0.007) and remained so after adjustment for multiple testing (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Statistically significant improvements in arm function have been demonstrated following a programme of home-strengthening hand exercises in @entity309 @entity1 compared with simple stretches or advice alone.

title: Conservative hand therapy treatments in XXXX --a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid hand', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity263 is the most frequent @entity5 in males. The use of PSA contributes to diagnose @entity5 with low stage. Radical Prostatectomy (R.P.) is the gold standard to treat this @entity5 ; however such is not exempt of risks. Different technical modifications like minimal incisions minilaparotomy "minilap" had contributed to improve results. We review our experience with Minilap on @entity1 underwent a RP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between April 1997 and September 2005 carry out 110 RP with Minilap technique. All cases were performed with minimal incision 7-8 cm of length. We use and specific retractor developed in our hospital. Median age at time of surgery was 65 (47-79). Clinical stage in 39 (35.4%) were T1c, 64 (58.3%) T2 and 7 (6.3%) T3. Sixty eight percent were Gleason score < or =6, 34(30.9%) 7 and 1 (0.9%) Gleason 8. RESULTS: In 86 cases (38.5%) pathological stage were pT2, 21 (19%) @entity1803 , 1 (0.9%) pT4 and 2 (1.8%) pT0. Nine @entity1 (8%) had @entity260 . No re-interventions were necessary and 101 (90%) were discharge without per operatives complications. Mean length of stay was 4 days and 97 (88.8%) of @entity1 were discharge with only five days length of stay. Urinary continence rate with a year like minimal follow up is 92.3% and 40% preserve sexual activity. CONCLUSIONS: Minimal invasive techniques like minilap can be done in regular form with good results and without long learning curve.

title: [Radical prostatectomy with minilaparotomy "minilap" for @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since their invention in the late 1980s and early 1990s, selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have become the primary form of pharmaceutical treatment for @entity308 . As the patents of several top-selling SSRIs have expired or are soon to be expired, the SSRI market is expected to witness an increasing share of generic SSRIs. We explored the impact of generic drug entry on the cost effectiveness of SSRIs. METHOD: Using Medicare MarketScan claims data, we compared the cost effectiveness of @entity3756 , @entity837 , @entity837 and @entity905 with @entity903 in elderly @entity308 @entity1 , before and after the entry of generic @entity903 . We followed users of SSRIs for 6 months, starting from the date of their first prescription of an SSRI. For each @entity1 , we measured costs (C(i)) as total medical costs and quantified effectiveness (E(i)) as the avoidance of treatment failure, which was defined as having a break exceeding 45 days in the use of antidepressants. We then calculated individual net benefit as lambda x E(i)- C(i) and employed both net benefit and Bayesian net benefit regression models to examine the impact of generic @entity903 on the cost effectiveness of the other four SSRIs compared with @entity903 , while controlling for @entity1 ' sociodemographic characteristics, co-morbidities and patterns of medication switch. RESULTS: Deterministic analysis showed that @entity903 was dominated by most SSRIs prior to the availability of generic @entity903 , and that, after the entry of generic @entity903 , @entity837 and @entity837 were dominated by @entity903 . Net benefit regression analysis found that, at a number of lambda values ( US1000,  US5000 and  US10,000), @entity3756 and @entity837 were more cost effective than @entity903 in the pre-generic-entry period but not in the post-entry period, although the difference in net benefit between the two SSRIs and @entity903 was not statistically significant in both periods. The Bayesian net benefit regression analysis reached similar conclusions. At lambda =  US5000, the probability that @entity3756 , @entity837 , @entity837 or @entity905 was more cost effective than @entity903 was 96.7%, 77.6%, 96.3% and 97.0%, respectively, in the pre-entry period in the pooled analysis. These probabilities reduced to 36.7%, 62.7%, 33.0% and 60.1%, respectively, in the post-entry period. The probabilities became 94.1%, 71.9%, 89.1% and 92.1% in analysis using the pre-entry data as a prior to update the post-entry data rather than using the pooled data. CONCLUSION: Using generic drug entry as an example, our study demonstrated the importance of including the economic life cycle of pharmaceuticals in cost-effectiveness analyses. Additionally, the proposed Bayesian framework not only preserves the advantages of the net benefit regression framework, but more importantly, it introduces the possibility of conducting probabilistic cost-effectiveness analyses with claims data.

title: Use of Bayesian net benefit regression model to examine the impact of generic drug entry on the cost effectiveness of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors in elderly XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram', 'escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: We reviewed the records of 104 @entity1 with Stage T1NO or Stage T2NO @entity957 of the supraglottic larynx treated between 1965 and 1979. In 79 @entity1 , surgery was the only type of initial treatment. These 79 @entity1 are the subjects of this report. Forty-eight (61%) of these @entity1 were treated by total laryngectomy, whereas 31 (39%) had a partial laryngectomy. An elective unilateral radical neck dissection was performed on 31 @entity1 considered at high risk, but metastatic disease was found in the dissected side of the neck histologically in only 32% (ten of 31) of these @entity1 . The minimum follow-up period was 5 years and the maximum was 20 years. Twenty-nine percent of the @entity1 (23 of 79) experienced a neck relapse. The neck relapse rate was the same whether the @entity1 did or did not have an elective radical neck dissection. Among the @entity1 who experienced a neck relapse, 65% (15 of 32) have died of the @entity5 . Among those who did not experience a neck relapse, none (zero of 56) have died of the @entity5 (P less than 0.01). These results indicate that in surgically treated @entity1 with early stage supraglottic @entity5 , neck relapse was the major cause of failure associated with @entity204 from @entity5 . Strategies for decreasing the relapse rate are discussed.

title: The problem of neck relapse in early stage supraglottic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'larynx cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['larynx cancer']


abstract: Genetics variants in the @entity21303 gene, strongly expressed in the brain, have been reported to affect the neuronal control of food intake therefore inducing @entity28 . With the same rationale, we hypothesized that this genetic variability may be associated with psychological traits commonly displayed by @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) @entity1 and/or with the risk for the disorder. We analyzed 21 tag-single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding sequence and adjacent regions of the @entity21303 gene. A total of 169 @entity1277 @entity1 (106 with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) and 63 with @entity1279 ( @entity1279 )) and 312 healthy subjects were genotyped. Personality traits and general psychopathological symptoms were assessed by the Eating Disorders Inventory Test-2 (EDI-2) and Symptom Checklist 90 Revised inventories. None of the SNPs or haplotypes analyzed were associated with a greater risk of @entity1277 or correlated with anthropometric parameters. However, in @entity1 with @entity1279 , four SNPs ( @entity57841 , @entity57842 , @entity57843 and @entity57844 ) correlated with the scores in Drive for Thinness (DT), Ineffectiveness (I) and Interoceptive Awareness (IA) (Bonferroni-P<0.05 in all instances). The first two SNPs along with @entity57845 and @entity57846 formed a haplotype block, which showed a consistent association with the EDI-2 score in @entity1279 @entity1 (Bonferroni-P=0.01). A subsequent three-SNP sliding-window approach identified a central area, encompassing both the haplotype block and the individually relevant SNPs that strongly correlated with the scores of @entity1279 @entity1 in DT, I, IA and Bulimia. No associations were identified in the @entity1278 group. These preliminary results indicate that @entity21303 could be an important locus influencing certain personality dimensions in @entity1279 @entity1 .The Pharmacogenomics Journal advance online publication, 23 September 2014; doi:10.1038/tpj.2014.53.

title: Impact of @entity21303 genetic variability on psychological traits of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: @entity935 D    receptors are densely expressed in mesolimbic projection areas, and selective antagonists enhance cognition, consistent with their potential therapeutic use in the treatment of @entity161 . This study examines the effect of @entity935 D    vs. D    receptor antagonists on the @entity73 and @entity2915 produced by social isolation of @entity35 pups, in a neurodevelopmental model of certain deficits of @entity161 . Three separate groups of male Lister hooded @entity35 were group-housed or isolation-reared from weaning. Six weeks later @entity35 received either vehicle or the @entity935 D    selective antagonist, @entity30453 (0.04 and 0.16 mg/kg), the preferential D    antagonist, @entity58934 (0.16 and 0.63 mg/kg) or the preferential D    antagonist, @entity58935 (0.63 mg/kg) s.c. 30 min prior to recording; horizontal locomotor activity in a novel arena for 60 min and, the following day, novel object discrimination using a 2-h inter-trial interval. Isolation rearing induced @entity2915 in a novel arena and impaired novel object discrimination compared to that in group-housed littermates. Both @entity30453 and @entity58934 restored novel object discrimination deficits in isolation-reared @entity35 without affecting discrimination in group-housed controls. By contrast, L-741,626 impaired novel object discrimination in group-housed @entity35 , without affecting impairment in isolates. @entity30453 (0.16 mg/kg), @entity58934 and, less markedly, L741,626 reduced the @entity2915 in isolates without attenuating activity in group-housed controls. Selective blockade of @entity935 D    receptors reverses the @entity227 and @entity2915 produced by isolation rearing. These data support further investigation of the potential use of @entity935 D    receptor antagonists to treat @entity161 .

title: Blockade of XXXX D    but not D    receptors reverses the novel object discrimination impairment produced by post-weaning social isolation: implications for @entity161 and its treatment.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual recognition memory deficit']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor hyperactivity', 'hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Plasma cell neoplasia occurs as a result of the expansion of an immunoglobulin-secreting B-cells clones, known as monoclonal component or M component. @entity5 include @entity1582 and @entity8057 , while premalignant conditions comprise @entity8058 ( @entity8058 ). @entity8058 present a monoclonal component with no signs of @entity1582 , @entity8057 , primary @entity14756 . Pathological, radiological and clinical features are required for the diagnosis. Approximately 25% of @entity1 with @entity8058 will become @entity1582 , @entity298 , @entity8057 , or other @entity1071 , which would be a @entity558 . The objective of this study was to determine the clinical implications of immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and of the detection of clonality by molecular biology. A total of 32 @entity1 were studied. Seven of them were diagnosed with @entity1582 , and 25 with @entity1581 under study. These 32 @entity1 were divided into four groups, based on their clinical data and flow cytometry outcome. In @entity1 with non-diagnostic flow cytometry detection of @entity7639 gene rearrangements by PCR was performed, and monoclonality was found in 59% of the cases. The study of @entity7639 gene rearrangements by molecular biology allows a more sensitive detection of clonality.

title: [ XXXX gene rearrangements in the @entity1581 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7639 :: ('3495', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin heavy chain']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['premyelomatous condition']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity8058 :: ('MESH:D008998', 'Disease') :: ['MGUS', 'monoclonal gammopathies of unknown significance']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia', 'Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia', 'Waldenstr  m macroglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['primary amiloidosis']

entities_list: @entity14756 :: ('MESH:D028226', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis or other disorders']

answer: @entity7639 :: (3495,Gene) :: ['Immunoglobulin heavy chain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nationally representative normative values for @entity410 ( @entity410 ) have not been described for @entity10479 @entity1 since the mid 1980's. OBJECTIVE: To provide sex- and age-specific normative values for @entity410 of @entity10479 @entity1 aged 6-11 years. METHODS: Data from 624 @entity1 aged 6-11 years who participated in the @entity410 testing as part of the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey, a cross-sectional survey, were analyzed. @entity1 were assigned to one of three age-specific protocols and asked to exercise to volitional fatigue. The difficulty of the protocols increased with successive age groups. @entity410 was assessed as maximal endurance time (min:sec). Data analysis was conducted in 2016. RESULTS: For 6-7, 8-9, 10-11 year olds, corresponding with the age-specific protocols, mean endurance time was 12:10 min:sec (95% CI: 11:49-12:31), 11:16 min:sec (95% CI: 11:00-11:31), and 10:01 min:sec (95% CI: 9:37-10:25), respectively. Youth in the lowest 20th percentile for endurance time were more likely to be @entity28 , to report less favorable health, and to report greater than two hours of screen time per day. CONCLUSION: These data may serve as baseline estimates to monitor trends over time in @entity410 among @entity10479 @entity1 aged 6-11 years.

title: Normative Values for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Testing Among XXXX @entity1 Aged 6-11 Years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

answer: @entity10479 :: (MESH:D065309,Disease) :: ['US']


abstract: The use of increased dosages of glucocorticoids during periods of physiologic stress in allograft recipients represents a clinical dilemma in that the short-term exogenous therapy required may significantly impair wound healing and immunocompetence. To investigate whether "stress steroids" are actually necessary, a prospective study was conducted in 40 renal allograft recipients admitted with significant physiologic stress. Stress categories included @entity295 , @entity209 , and surgery. These @entity1 received only their baseline prednisone immunosuppression (5-10 mg/day) and no supraphysiologic or stress doses of glucocorticoids. The clinical course of the @entity1 revealed no evidence of @entity1887 . There was no mortality, increase in hospital stay, or @entity1712 . Five episodes of @entity2753 and seven instances of @entity551 were attributed to primary disease processes and responded promptly to specific treatment without @entity134 supplementation. Biochemical evaluation during stress revealed suppression of @entity4545 levels in 74.5% of episodes, elevation of urinary free @entity701 levels in 79.1% of episodes, and elevation of isolated serum @entity701 levels in 55.9% of episodes. This suggested that these @entity1 had physiologically adequate adrenal function. The cosyntropin stimulation test overestimated the incidence and degree of clinically significant @entity409 (63% of @entity1 ) and was not a useful indication of a requirement for additional glucocorticoids. We conclude that functional adrenal suppression is uncommon in renal allograft recipients receiving baseline prednisone immunosuppression (5-10 mg/day) and that the demands of physiologic stress are met by a combination of endogenous adrenal function plus exogenous, baseline, immunosuppressive doses of glucocorticoids. Supra-physiologic or high doses of so-called "stress steroids" are not required. The cosyntropin stimulation test has significant clinical limitations and did not serve to alter clinical care.

title: Adrenal suppression and XXXX supplementation in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: The present study compared the adaptation of @entity5 @entity1 and chronic non- @entity5 @entity1 . Differences between samples of @entity5 @entity1 with and without @entity3 were also examined. @entity5 @entity1 reported comparable levels of @entity158 severity to @entity5 chronic @entity158 @entity1 ; however, @entity158 due to @entity5 was associated with higher levels of perceived disability (t(250) = 2.97, P < 0.004) and lower degree of activity (t(286) = 2.45, P < 0.04). The @entity1 with @entity5 , particularly those with @entity3 , reported significantly higher levels of support and solicitous behaviors from significant others, compared to @entity5 chronic @entity158 @entity1 . The majority of the @entity5 @entity1 , both with (81%) and without (84%) @entity3 as well as @entity5 chronic @entity158 @entity1 (85%), could be classified into one of three psychosocial subgroups that had been previously identified with @entity5 chronic @entity158 @entity1 : 'dysfunctional' (high levels of @entity158 , perceived interference, affective distress and low levels of perceived control and activity), 'interpersonally distressed' (high levels of affective distress, negative responses from significant others and low levels of perceived support) and 'adaptive copers' (low levels of interference and affective distress, high levels of perceived control and activity). The distribution of the profiles was significantly different across groups (chi2(4) = 12.79, P < 0.02). However, within each profile. the response patterns were highly comparable across groups. Thus, contrary to the suggestions of some authors, @entity5 chronic @entity158 @entity1 share many features in common. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of psychosocial adaptation to @entity158 within each @entity1 group suggests the importance of psychological assessment in determining the @entity158 management plan.

title: Adaptation to metastatic @entity5 , regional/local XXXX : role of psychological and behavioral factors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain and non-cancer', 'Cancer pain', 'cancer', 'non-cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain and non-cancer pain']


abstract: The comparative @entity2359 of subchronic exposure to @entity59830 ( @entity17585 ) and @entity3323 (ACR) was evaluated using a functional observational battery (FOB) and neuropathology. Three dose levels of each compound ( @entity17585 : 3, 20, 60 mg/kg; ACR: 1, 4, 12 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to male and female Long-Evans @entity35 (n = 10/sex/dose level), 5 days/week for 13 weeks. Two vehicle control groups were also included. The FOB, which includes home-cage and open-field observations and interactive tests of sensory, neuromuscular, and autonomic function, was administered before dosing, at monthly intervals, and on the day after the last dose. Subsets of @entity35 (n = 6/sex/dose level) were then perfused and tissues from the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve were prepared for light microscopic evaluation. There were clear differences between the effects of @entity17585 and ACR. ACR produced time- and dose-related changes in FOB measures of muscle tone and equilibrium, and produced @entity528 and within long tracts of the spinal cord. @entity17585 exposure was also associated with changes in muscular function on FOB testing, but the magnitude of the effects was not as great as with ACR and not dose related. In addition, no neuropathological changes were detected after @entity17585 exposure. Thus, the effects of @entity17585 did not resemble those of ACR. The FOB data were summarized in domains of neurobehavioral functions. Using a composite score analysis, ACR was shown to produce prominent effects in the neuromuscular domain whereas @entity17585 was largely without effect. When the data are analyzed in this manner, the @entity2359 potential of @entity17585 appears to be minimal.

title: Comparison of subchronic @entity2359 of XXXX and @entity3323 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity59830 :: ('MESH:C035957', 'Chemical') :: ['2-hydroxyethyl acrylate']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration in peripheral nerves']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity59830 :: (MESH:C035957,Chemical) :: ['2-hydroxyethyl acrylate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4240 Background: Prior studies have demonstrated the poor prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology in @entity788 surgery. It has not been determined what significance positive peritoneal washings have by IHC. Nor has there been any studies on the significance of positive @entity5 cells determined by IHC in peripheral blood, cell saver waste or cell saver blood in @entity1 with @entity788 undergoing resection. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of specimens obtained from 17 @entity1 with @entity788 undergoing Whipple procedure between 10/99 - 3/02. PB, @entity45868 , PW#2, CSW, and CSB from the surgery were enriched with antiepithelial antibody coated magnetic immunoparticles and then stained with mouse monoclonal antibodies associated with @entity3123 . A Kaplan-Meier survival life table analysis was performed using the log rank test on all variables. RESULTS: [Figure: see text] Conclusions: @entity1 with positive PW#2 had a median survival of 7 months and negative PW#2 had a median survival of 24 months (p<0.025). There were 5 @entity1 with positive IHC for CSB but no difference in survival was seen compared to @entity1 with negative CSB. There were 5 @entity1 with positive PB by IHC but there was no survival difference compared to PB negative @entity1 . IHC of post-resection PW may be a strong predictor of survival in @entity1 undergoing Whipple resection of @entity3123 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Immunohistochemical (IHC) determination of @entity5 cells in peritoneal washings pre- and post-resection ( @entity45868 and PW#2), peripheral blood (PB), cell saver waste (CSW) and cell saver blood (CSB) obtained during surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Neutrophil-induced @entity2680 is an early event in @entity63 and inflammatory @entity299 . The specific signaling paradigm by which neutrophils increase microvascular permeability is not yet established. We investigated whether the small GTPase @entity32147 and its downstream effector Rho kinase mediate neutrophil-stimulated endothelial hyperpermeability. We assessed the effect of neutrophils on Rho activity in @entity291 coronary venular endothelial cells (CVEC) with a Rho-GTP pull-down assay. Permeability to FITC-albumin was evaluated using CVEC monolayers. We then tested the role of Rho kinase in the permeability response to neutrophils using two structurally distinct pharmacological inhibitors: @entity12223 and @entity8232 . Furthermore, neutrophil-stimulated changes in endothelial F-actin organization were examined with fluorescence microscopy. The results show that C5a-activated neutrophils induced an increase in permeability coupled with @entity32147 activation in CVEC. Inhibition of Rho kinase with either @entity12223 or @entity8232 attenuated the hyperpermeability response. Rho kinase inhibition also attenuated increases in permeability stimulated by the neutrophil supernatant. In addition, activated neutrophils caused actin stress fiber formation in CVEC, which was diminished by either @entity12223 or @entity8232 . These findings suggest that @entity32147 and Rho kinase are involved in the mediation of neutrophil-induced endothelial actin reorganization and barrier dysfunction.

title: Involvement of XXXX and Rho kinase in neutrophil-stimulated endothelial hyperpermeability.

entities_list: @entity2680 :: ('MESH:D003763', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular leakage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

answer: @entity32147 :: (338049(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['RhoA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for major @entity308 , even for @entity1 who do not respond to antidepressant drugs. According to the prevailing neurophysiological hypotheses for @entity308 , it can be expected that an ECT therapeutic course modulates the responsivity of central neurotransmitter systems, but the results up to now have been inconclusive. To test such hypotheses, we studied possible changes in the serotonergic and in dopaminergic systems' responsivity in 11 male @entity1 with @entity308 by performing neuroendocrine challenge tests before and after a therapeutic ECT course. METHODS: Serotonergic responsivity was assessed by measuring the prolactin and @entity701 responses to i. v. administration of the @entity750 uptake inhibitor @entity8991 (CMI test), and dopaminergic responsivity by measuring the prolactin responses to the @entity935 receptor blocker @entity1767 ( @entity34957 test), administered intramuscularly. The prolactin and @entity701 responses during the first and the last ECT of the course (8 to 13 sessions) were also assessed. The CMI and @entity34957 tests were also performed in 13 male healthy subjects. RESULTS: The prolactin responses to CMI were significantly blunted in the @entity1 group compared to the control group, and remained unaltered at the end of the ECT course, although the @entity308 symptomatology was substantially reduced from 27.8 +/- 7.1 to 4.8 +/- 2.3 points in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The @entity701 responses to CMI were blunted before the ECT course compared to controls, but not after the course: there was a moderate increase of @entity701 at + 30 min in the CMI test after the ECT course compared to that before ECT (p = 0.05). The prolactin and @entity701 responses to the electrical stimulus during the first and the last ECT were identical. CONCLUSIONS: The strong therapeutic effect of ECT in @entity308 , observed already at the end of the course, is not a result of considerable modifications in central serotonergic or dopaminergic responsivity, as revealed by the neuroendocrine challenge tests and the hormone responses to the electrical stimulus. The enhancement of the @entity701 responses to CMI after the course may indicate a moderate increase in @entity1873 responsivity.

title: Serotonergic and dopaminergic neuroendocrine responses of male XXXX @entity1 before and after a therapeutic ECT course.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive illness', 'depression', 'major depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to carry out a cost-effectiveness analysis of three different interventions to promote the uptake of screening for @entity5 in general practice in the county of Valles Occidental, Barcelona, Spain. METHODS: @entity1 aged from 30 to 70  years (n   =   15,965) were asked to attend a general practice to be screened. They were randomly allocated to one of four groups: no intervention group (NIG); one group where @entity1 received an invitation letter to participate in the screening (IG1); one group where @entity1 received an invitation letter and informative leaflet (IG2); and one group where @entity1 received an invitation letter, an informative leaflet and a phone call reminder (IG3). Clinical effectiveness was measured as the percentage increase in screening coverage. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from the perspective of the public health system with a time horizon of three to five years - the duration of the randomised controlled clinical trial. In addition, a deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed. Results are presented according to different age groups. RESULTS: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for the most cost-effective intervention, IG1, compared with opportunistic screening was     2.78 per 1% increase in the screening coverage. The age interval with the worst results in terms of efficiency was @entity1 aged   <   40  years. CONCLUSIONS: In a population like Catalonia, with around 2 million @entity1 aged 30 to 70  years and assuming that 40% of these @entity1 were not attending general practice to be screened for @entity5 , the implementation of an intervention to increase screening coverage which consists of sending a letter would cost on average less than     490 for every 1000 @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01373723 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of strategies to increase screening coverage for XXXX in Spain: the CRIVERVA study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Preoperative radiochemotherapy is widely used in the treatment of locally advanced @entity5 . The predictive value of response to neoadjuvant treatment remains uncertain. We retrospectively evaluated the impact of downstaging and @entity5 regression as prognostic factors and its influence on the ability to perform sphincter-sparing surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 72 consecutive @entity1 with advanced @entity5 were included in this retrospective analysis. All @entity1 were treated with preoperative @entity1487 -based chemotherapy and pelvic radiation with a total dose of 50.4 Gy followed by surgery 6 weeks later. RESULTS: A sphincter-preserving procedure could be performed on 42 @entity1 , and in all 72 @entity1 complete resection (R0) was achieved. A pathological complete response (ypT0, ypN0) was achieved in 8 (11%) @entity1 . None of the @entity1 showing a complete pathological response relapsed or died during the follow-up period. At a median follow-up of 28 months, 65 @entity1 were alive, none of these @entity1 had local recurrence and 15 @entity1 had @entity3 . @entity1 showing a complete pathological response had a significantly better 2-year disease-free survival compared to @entity1 with >= 10% @entity41 cells (p = 0.024). @entity1 < 65 years showed a significantly better response rate, compared with those > 65 years of age (p = 0.036). Acute @entity137 was moderate. CONCLUSION: Preoperative radiochemotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 . Pathological parameters after preoperative radiochemotherapy, including @entity5 regression grading, could be correlated with disease-free survival. The impact of @entity5 regression grading needs to be further validated in prospective clinical trials.

title: Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and surgery for advanced XXXX : prognostic significance of @entity5 regression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of @entity5 in a large series of @entity2835 @entity1 from Italy. The overall sample included 178 @entity1 (10 M, 168 F). The mean age at presentation was 52 yrs (range 29-74); 17 @entity1 had histological stage I, 52 stage II, 66 stage III, 44 stage IV. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 16 years (mean 5 years). During the follow-up, extra-hepatic @entity5 developed in 6 cases (3.3%), and @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in a further 4 @entity1 , all associated with @entity82 (2.2%). @entity0 developed only in one @entity1 , resulting in a crude incidence rate of 130/100.000 @entity1 years among females. The calculated crude incidence of @entity157 was 492.4/100.000 @entity1 years. Three of the four @entity1 with @entity157 had a superinfection with @entity3531 . In conclusion, the incidence of @entity0 is not significantly increased. @entity157 has a relatively high prevalence in @entity2835 and @entity3531 superinfection may play an important role in favouring @entity157 .

title: Incidence of hepatic and extra-hepatic malignancies in @entity2835 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['PBC']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1582 are at high risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). There is no consensus about what agent to use or what haematologists are doing in clinical practice. A survey was sent to haematologists treating @entity1 with @entity1582 in Ireland. 32/45 (71%) responded. 13/28 (46%) felt that @entity1211 affected < 5% of @entity1 . However, 8/28 (29%) felt it affected 10-19%. Thromboprophylaxis was most commonly used in @entity1 on @entity6985 ; 25/28 (89%) and @entity2816 ; 23/28 (82%). 23/28 (82%) used LMWH and 20/28 (71%) used @entity117 either very frequently or frequently. 3/28 (11%) had used @entity3926 / @entity3925 despite there being little evidence to support their use. Efficacy was the most important factor in choosing an agent for 25/28 (89%). Bleeding was not felt to be an issue 15/29 (52%) were not using thromboprophylaxis guidelines. This survey demonstrated wide variation in the beliefs and practices regarding the burden of @entity1211 in @entity1 with @entity1582 and the need for thromboprophylaxis.

title: Thromboprophylaxis in XXXX : what is happening outside of clinical trials?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: This study presents a comparative analysis of current surgical approaches for the treatment of @entity18871 , including extension of @entity5 , postoperative morbidity, complications, and recurrence rate. Twenty-four @entity1 who underwent surgery with the diagnosis of juvenile @entity18871 at our department between 1993 and 2003 were retrospectively reviewed according to their clinical presentation, surgical approaches, and prognosis. Radkowski staging scale was used for staging @entity5 . The transpalatal approach was used in 10 @entity1 before 1999 with @entity5 stages between Ia and IIa. Transpalatal @entity292 was encountered in one. Nine @entity1 underwent transnasal endoscopic surgery after 1999 with @entity5 stages between Ia and IIIa. Lateral rhinotomy in four @entity1 and a degloving approach in one @entity1 were used with @entity5 stages between IIa and IIIa; postoperative nasal crusting was the most annoying problem in these groups. Recurrent @entity5 was seen in only one @entity1 who had undergone the transpalatal approach in the 12- to 56-month follow-up period. In this regard, the transnasal endoscopic approach can be used successfully in place of the transpalatal approach due to the former's lesser surgical morbidity and wide lateral exposure of the field in @entity1 with @entity18871 . Also, many @entity1 who underwent lateral rhinotomy for the @entity5 can successfully be treated using the transnasal endoscopic approach. In @entity5 that extend, infratemporal fossa lateral rhinotomy and degloving approaches provide the optimal exposure but have higher potential for morbidity than does transnasal endoscopic surgery.

title: Surgical approaches for XXXX : comparative analysis and current trends.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of stage IIa, IIb, and IIIa tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibroma']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibroma']


abstract: 1. Intracellular recordings were made from cells in the myenteric plexus of the @entity1 colon in freshly dissected tissue obtained from @entity1 undergoing surgery for the @entity189 or diverticular bowel. 2. Twenty-seven cells from ten preparations were classified as neurones and had overshooting action potentials, an average resting potential of -54 +/- 9 mV, an average input impedance of 1.05 +/- 0.59 x 10(8) omega and a variety of synaptic inputs. 3. Twenty-three (out of twenty-five neurones tested) received nicotinic fast excitatory synaptic inputs (fast e.p.s.p.s) that were blocked reversibly by @entity4033 and mimicked by @entity934 . These nerve cells bore a close resemblance to S cells that have been characterized in the @entity840 small-bowel myenteric plexus. 4. One cell had a long after-hyperpolarization following its impulses and was similar to @entity3798 cells in the @entity840 small bowel. 5. Three neurones received inhibitory synaptic inputs, up to 15 mV in amplitude, lasting up to 10 s, associated with a decrease in input impedance and with a reversal potential between -80 and -90 mV. 6. Slow excitatory synaptic potentials were only detected in the single @entity3798 cell. The slow e.p.s.p. was associated with a depolarization of up to 12 mV, an increase in excitability and an increase in the input impedance of the neurone. 7. The proportion of S and @entity3798 cells differ considerably from that reported in the @entity840 small-bowel preparation. Possible causes of the differences are discussed.

title: Intracellular recordings from myenteric neurones in the XXXX colon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['removal of carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Objective. In a previous large, prospective trial, 29% of all patient @entity1 iabete @entity6 hown to ulcerate over a 30-month period. The influence of gender on foot ulcers @entity1066 en controversial, with some studies demonstrating male gender as a risk factor, while other studies have shown no difference. The authors hypothesized that gender may pose a significant risk factor for the development of diabeti @entity4760 DS: A total of 248 patient @entity1 iabete @entity6 nrolled in a 30-month, multicenter, prospective study. There were 124 men (M) @entity1 d 124 women ( @entity1 here were no differences between M and W in age (59    12 years [mean    SD]) versus 57    13), duration of diabete @entity6 11 years versus 13    11), or body mass index (BMI) (30.0    7.7 versus 31.3    6.2). The following known risk factors for diabeti @entity4760 easured in both groups: Neuropa @entity16 (NDS), Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT), Semmes Weinstein Monofilament (SWM), plantar peak foot pressures, and subtalar joint (STJ) and first metatarsal joint (MTPJ) mobility. RESULTS: Men had @entity1 gher NDS (13    8 versus 8    7, P < 0.0001), VPT (36    17 V versus 23    16, P < 0.0001), SWM (5.9    1.4 versus 5.9    1.3, P <0.0001), and plantar peak foot pressures (6.4    3.4 kg/cm2 versus 5.0    2.3, P < 0.0001), while women h @entity1 gher MTPJ mobility (69    24 degrees versus 77    23, P < 0.0001) and STJ mobility (22    10 degrees versus 26    8, P < 0.0001). Plantar foot ulceration developed in 49 (40%) men com @entity1 ed to 24 (19%) women ( @entity1 0001). However, when men and @entity1 men w @entity1 nalyzed separately, univariate logistical regression analysis yielded similar odds ration (OR) in both groups for high NDS (>=  5, M 6.1, W 8.3), high VPT (>=  25 V, M 6.0, W 8.9), SWM (M 6.6, W 3.7), high foot pressures (>=  6 kg/cm2, M 2.7, W 3.0), and MTPJ mobility (M 0.96, W 0.97). CONCLUSION: While women h @entity1 lower risk than men for @entity1 ot ulceration, this appears to be the result of less severe neuropa @entity16 as @entity2720 ower foot pressures. However, once neuropa @entity16 er risk factors are present, women w @entity1 ound to have the same risk of developing a foot ulceration as men. Th @entity1 fore, women w @entity1 isk factors for foot ulceration should be considered to be at equal risk as men for @entity1 veloping future problems.

title: The influence of gender as a risk factor in dia XXXX   .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy Disability', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['increased joint mobility']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers', 'diabetic foot ulceration']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulceration']


abstract: 1. High performance liquid chromatography combined with electro-chemical detection (HPLC/ECD) has been used to measure the @entity1063 , @entity1425 and @entity935 content of individual adrenal glands from adult @entity35 and from @entity35 aged between day 16 of gestation and day 12 after birth. 2. At all ages studied, the @entity935 content of the @entity35 adrenal was significantly lower than the @entity1063 or @entity1425 content. 3. @entity1063 was detected at day 16 of gestation (7.58 ng/gland) and there was a 26 fold increase in the @entity1063 content of the @entity35 adrenal by day 10 after birth (201.67 +/- 51.01 ng/gland). 4. @entity1425 was also detected at day 16 of gestation (2.19 ng/gland) and there was a 700 fold increase in @entity1425 content of the @entity35 adrenal by day 10 after birth (1408.62 +/- 473.00 ng/gland). 5. The @entity1425 : @entity1063 ratio exceeded one by day 18 of gestation (1.60:1) and had increased to (3.05:1) at birth. 6. This ratio at day 10 after birth (7.43:1) was significantly greater than the ratio at or before birth, and also in the adult (4.20:1).

title: The catecholamine content of the perinatal XXXX adrenal gland.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenaline', 'adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Agitation is a common and distressing symptom in @entity1 with @entity195 . Cholinesterase inhibitors improve cognitive outcomes in such @entity1 , but the benefits of these drugs for behavioral disturbances are unclear. METHODS: We randomly assigned 272 @entity1 with @entity195 who had clinically significant @entity2146 and no response to a brief psychosocial treatment program to receive 10 mg of @entity8124 per day (128 @entity1 ) or placebo (131 @entity1 ) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was a change in the score on the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) (on a scale of 29 to 203, with higher scores indicating more @entity2146 ) at 12 weeks. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the effects of @entity8124 and those of placebo on the basis of the change in CMAI scores from baseline to 12 weeks (estimated mean difference in change [the value for @entity8124 minus that for placebo], -0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.35 to 4.22). Twenty-two of 108 @entity1 (20.4%) in the placebo group and 22 of 113 (19.5%) in the @entity8124 group had a reduction of 30% or greater in the CMAI score (the value for @entity8124 minus that for placebo, -0.9 percentage point; 95% CI, -11.4 to 9.6). There were also no significant differences between the placebo and @entity8124 groups in scores for the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Caregiver Distress Scale, or the Clinician's Global Impression of Change. CONCLUSIONS: In this 12-week trial, @entity8124 was not more effective than placebo in treating @entity2146 in @entity1 with @entity195 . (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00142324 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).

title: XXXX for the treatment of @entity2146 in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity8124 :: (MESH:C076946,Chemical) :: ['Donepezil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1561 has emerged as a novel @entity65 factor. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different ectopic fat depots on left ventricular (LV) function in subjects with @entity1561 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Myocardial and hepatic @entity412 contents were measured with 1.5 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy and LV function, @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and subcutaneous adipose tissue, epicardial and pericardial fat by MRI in 75 nondiabetic @entity1 . Subjects were stratified by hepatic @entity412 content into low, moderate, and high liver fat groups. Myocardial @entity412 , epicardial and pericardial fat, @entity1386 , and subcutaneous adipose tissue increased stepwise from low to high liver fat group. Parameters of LV diastolic function showed a stepwise decrease over tertiles of liver fat and @entity1386 , and they were inversely correlated with hepatic @entity412 , @entity1386 , and @entity1386 /subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio. In multivariable analyses, hepatic @entity412 and @entity1386 were independent predictors of LV diastolic function, whereas myocardial @entity412 was not associated with measures of diastolic function. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial @entity412 , epicardial and pericardial fat increased with increasing amount of liver fat and @entity1386 . @entity1560 and @entity1386 associated with significant changes in LV structure and function. The association of LV diastolic function with hepatic @entity412 and @entity1386 may be because of toxic systemic effects. The effects of myocardial @entity412 on LV structure and function seem to be more complex than previously thought and merit further study.

title: Ectopic fat depots and left ventricular function in nondiabetic @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['visceral adipose tissue', 'VAT']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Selective gut decontamination is suggested to suppress the gram-negative @entity6124 in the intestine and consequently to reduce bacterial translocation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of gut decontamination on bronchoscopy-induced bacterial translocation, and @entity3137 . METHODS: Forty-five @entity35 were assigned into three groups. Group 1 served as control (n=15). Group 2 (n=15) and group 3 (n=15) underwent bronchoscopy. In addition, group 3 underwent gut decontamination. Gut decontamination was performed two days prior to bronchoscopy with @entity2929 and @entity5154 . Twenty-four hours after bronchoscopy, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, ileum and cecum were harvested for bacterial determination. The ileum was also assessed and graded histologically according to Chiu's injury scale. RESULTS: In the bronchoscopy group, bacterial translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes was found in 7/15 @entity35 (46.7%), compared to none of the controls (p=0.01). These @entity35 also showed significant evidence of intestinal injury, compared to the controls (mean ranks, 32.7 or 8.5, p<0.0001). On the other hand, gut decontamination prevented bacterial translocation, compared to the bronchoscopy group (p=0.011). However, gut decontamination provided no beneficial effect on the @entity3137 , compared to the bronchoscopy group. These animals also revealed significant intestinal injury, compared to the controls (mean ranks, 27.8 or 8.5, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data shows that despite no amelioration in bronchoscopy-induced @entity3137 , gut decontamination has a preventive role for bronchoscopy-induced bacterial translocation.

title: Gut decontamination prevents bronchoscopy-induced bacterial translocation. An experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity6124 :: ('MESH:D001765', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial overgrowth']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal mucosal injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The treatment of @entity302 with @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) may be hampered by cognitive side effects. These side effects are thought to be related to pharmacokinetic properties of the drug. The serum concentration of @entity2050 is characterized by rapid absorption and a short half-life, which may lead to a considerable fluctuation of the level between doses. @entity73 may result from peak levels: short periods with high serum concentration. In a single-blind crossover design, cognitive performance was compared in three conditions. All @entity1 were first tested in the steady state of conventional @entity2050 . The @entity1 were then assigned randomly to either @entity2050 -controlled release (CR) or a condition in which conventional @entity2050 was administered in the same tablet form and dose frequency as CR. Psychological tests were administered four times daily, immediately after the serum samples were taken. A nonmedication control group was tested following the same test scheme to obtain standards for the evaluation of changes in performance during the day. A systematic tendency was found toward higher test performance in the CR condition. This is especially evident for tests of memory and accuracy of visual information processing. The results of the repeated test procedure show that the smoothing effect of the CR condition on serum concentration fluctuations results in a more stable pattern of cognitive functioning during the day.

title: Controlled release XXXX : cognitive side effects in @entity1 with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive defects']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: The aim of this investigation was to assess the in vitro functional and phenotypic characteristics of lymphocytes isolated from C3 @entity19 mammary @entity420 . A protocol was developed for the expansion of TILs in long-term culture. The homing pattern of TILs prepared and grown in this manner was studied. Cells that had been in culture for up to 96 days accumulated at higher levels in @entity5 than in corresponding normal mammary tissue 24 hr after adoptive transfer. The ability of cultured TILs to lyse YAC-1 cells was determined. Peak activity was demonstrated by lymphocytes that had been in culture for three days. By two weeks in culture the level of @entity137 returned to that of fresh TILs, and after 45 days it was negligible. T cells were the major constituents in all preparations. The relative frequency of CD8+ cells remained fairly constant over time in culture, but that of @entity1961 + cells declined. At all time points the @entity1961 :CD8 ratio for TILs was less than 1. The percentage of ASGM1+ bright cells among fresh TILs was low. It increased dramatically within 3 days, remained high for about 7 weeks, and then declined rapidly to pre-culture levels. An unusual large cell characterized by the presence of an intensely PAS positive peripheral region was observed.

title: Characterization of @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes from @entity19 mammary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']