abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the gene mutation and its possible mechanism in a long QT family. DESIGN: Using DNA samples obtained from the proband and his family members, we sequenced all the exons and flanking intron regions of @entity1 ether-go-go gene ( @entity9678 ) gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. We also investigated the mRNA expression of the @entity9678 gene in mutation carriers. RESULTS: We found a novel nonsense mutation ( @entity51929 ) in the @entity9678 gene. There were six mutation carriers in the family The @entity51929 mutation located in the S6/pore region and subjected to the mechanism of @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) according to the proposed @entity1547 rules. The mRNA level of the @entity9678 gene was significantly lower in @entity51929 carriers than in non-carriers. The mRNA expressed from the normal alleles was about 54% of that expressed in the non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS: A novel nonsense mutation was found in a LQTS family. The mutated transcript was subjected to @entity1547 mechanism according to the @entity1547 rule. @entity1547 might contribute to the mild phenotype presented in the pore surrounding mutation carriers.

title: A novel nonsense mutation @entity51929 in the S6/pore region of XXXX ether-go-go gene found in a long QT syndrome family.

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['nonsense-mediated decay', 'NMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: HeLa cells were transfected with several plasmids that encoded all @entity9925 ) nonstructural proteins. Viral RNAs were transcribed by T7 RNA polymerase expressed from recombinant @entity6621 . All plasmids produced similar amounts of viral proteins that were processed identically; however, RNAs were designed either to serve as templates for replication or to contain mutations predicted to prevent RNA replication. The mutations included substitution of the entire PV 5' noncoding region (NCR) with the @entity9258 ) internal ribosomal entry site, thereby deleting the 5'-terminal cloverleaf-like structure, or insertion of three @entity2036 in the 3Dpol coding sequence. Production of viral proteins was sufficient to induce the characteristic reorganization of intracellular membranes into heterogeneous-sized vesicles, independent of RNA replication. The vesicles were stably associated with viral RNA only when RNA replication could occur. Nonreplicating RNAs localized to distinct, nonoverlapping regions in the cell, excluded from the viral protein-membrane complexes. The absence of accumulation of positive-strand RNA from both mutated RNAs in transfected cells was documented. In addition, no minus-strand RNA was produced from the @entity9258 chimeric template RNA in vitro. These data show that the 5'-terminal sequences of PV RNA are essential for initiation of minus-strand RNA synthesis at its 3' end.

title: Requirements for assembly of XXXX replication complexes and negative-strand RNA synthesis.

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity9258 :: ('12104', 'Species') :: ['EMCV', 'encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV']

answer: @entity9925 :: (138950,Species) :: ['poliovirus']


abstract: The toxic side-effects of the immunosuppressive drug @entity205 ( @entity870 ) include @entity409 and a decline in circulating @entity251 . However, mechanisms for the consistently observed @entity870 -mediated @entity308 of serum @entity251 levels are unclear because of conflicting reports concerning circulating gonadotropin levels and incomplete studies of intratesticular steroidogenesis. To elucidate these mechanisms, endocrine-regulated testicular steroidogenesis and @entity1446 metabolic parameters were studied in male @entity35 given sc injections of either 25 or 40 mg/kg.day @entity870 for 6 days and then killed on the seventh day. Consistent with earlier reports, @entity870 treatment dramatically suppressed serum @entity251 levels (less than 20% of control at both @entity870 doses). Additionally, the intratesticular @entity251 content declined with the higher @entity870 dose. Serum LH and FSH levels were elevated up to 2- to 4-fold after the higher @entity870 treatment regimen. Measurement of decreases in testicular receptors for LH revealed for the first time that @entity870 treatment significantly reduced the ability of the testes to respond to normal or elevated circulating levels of LH. In animals receiving higher dose of the drug, cytochrome P-450-dependent mitochondrial @entity165 side-chain cleavage activity, which is the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis, was markedly reduced to a mere 30% of the control value. Additionally, the activity of the microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent 17 alpha-hydroxylase was decreased to less than half of the control value. Biotransformation of the prototype drug, @entity3014 , as well as microsomal @entity1447 levels declined significantly after the higher @entity870 dose, suggesting that @entity870 has an adverse affect on testicular cytochromes P-450 in general. In addition, @entity870 treatment altered @entity1446 metabolic parameters; significant increases in the activity of uroporphyrinogen-I synthetase and total @entity7170 content were noted. Conversely, the activity of @entity42136 , the enzyme that incorporates @entity68 into @entity7170 to form @entity1446 molecule, decreased significantly, as did the total @entity1446 levels. The latter was reduced to only 61% of control values. The findings suggest the likelihood that the observed inhibition of @entity1446 formation may contribute substantially to the reduced levels of microsomal cytochromes P-450 and steroidogenic activities that depend on them. Taken collectively, these data suggest a plausible mechanism by which @entity870 may induce @entity409 ; as the result of a combination of reduction in the number of LH receptors and a suppression of @entity1446 formation, the hemoprotein-dependent steroidogenic enzymes activities are compromised, leading to an impairment of normal testicular function.

title: @entity205 -mediated @entity308 of luteinizing hormone receptors and XXXX biosynthesis in @entity35 testes: a possible mechanism for decrease in serum @entity251 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['testicular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1446 :: (MESH:D006418,Chemical) :: ['heme']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10401 are rare. They are either mistaken preoperatively for @entity5 or dealt with as cases of @entity10401 that turn out intraoperatively to be huge retroperitoneal masses of unknown nature. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 46-year-old nulligravid female @entity1 of Middle Eastern ethnicity who presented to our university hospital with lower abdominal as well as pelvic @entity158 along with a bloated sensation. She also reported noticing an unusual increase in her abdominal girth. These symptoms developed over the previous two months. Preoperative investigation by means of an ultrasound suggested a @entity528 . An abdominal hysterectomy was planned. Intraoperatively, a normal sized uterus was found, the surface of which was studded with multiple variable sized pedunculated @entity10401 . Another huge retroperitoneal soft to firm mass was found extending from her left pelvic wall to the level of her spleen, with no connections to her uterus. The mass was excised and a histopathological examination revealed a degenerated @entity2909 . CONCLUSION: Some unusually located extra-uterine @entity10401 have been reported; @entity2909 being among them. The origin of such @entity5 is still obscure; a parasitic origin as well as M  llerian cell rests or smooth muscle cells in the retroperitoneal vessels wall have been suggested. An 'iatrogenic' origin for such growths is also a possible theory. The origin of uncommonly located @entity10401 is an unexplored issue that merits more investigation.

title: XXXX presenting with sonographic features mimicking a large uterine @entity2909 in an infertile @entity1 with a history of myomectomy: a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignant retroperitoneal tumors']

entities_list: @entity10401 :: ('MESH:C535516', 'Disease') :: ['subserous leiomyomata', 'Retroperitoneal leiomyomata', 'leiomyomata']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma', 'retroperitoneal leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degenerated subserous huge uterine leiomyoma']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['Degenerated huge retroperitoneal leiomyoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to retrospectively evaluate the long-term clinical results of @entity384 in the treatment of benign anastomotic strictures after esophagectomy and to identify factors associated with @entity850 recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1996 to June 2011, a total of 309 sessions of @entity384 were performed in 155 @entity1 with benign anastomotic strictures after esophagectomy. Long-term clinical effectiveness was assessed using the following variables: technical and clinical success, complications, and patency rates. Factors independently related to recurrence were evaluated with the Cox model. Tested variables were age, sex, operation type, postoperative @entity834 , balloon size, length of @entity850 , time to postoperative @entity850 development, complications, and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 37 months (range, 1-159 months). Overall clinical success was achieved in 153 @entity1 (99%) after a single (n = 78) or multiple (n = 75) balloon dilations. During follow-up, recurrence of the @entity850 requiring repeated dilation was seen in 77 of 155 @entity1 (50%). @entity2910 (mostly intramural @entity397 ) occurred in 22 of 155 @entity1 (14%) and 34 of 309 balloon dilations (11%). In multivariate analysis, early development of @entity850 within 10 weeks after surgery (p = 0.002) and McKeown esophagectomy (p = 0.002) were independently related to recurrence after @entity384 . CONCLUSION: Balloon dilation under fluoroscopic guidance has encouraging long-term results in the treatment of benign anastomotic strictures after esophagectomy. However, recurrence after @entity384 was common, with McKeown esophagectomy and development of @entity850 within 10 weeks after surgery associated with recurrent strictures.

title: Benign anastomotic strictures after esophagectomy: long-term effectiveness of XXXX and factors affecting recurrence in 155 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation', 'initial balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal rupture']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['balloon dilation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Metabolic activation of the innate immune system governed by @entity1356 contributes to b-cell failure in @entity164 2 @entity6 . Gevokizumab is a novel, @entity1 -engineered monoclonal anti- @entity1356 antibody. We evaluated the safety and biological activity of gevokizumab in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study, a total of 98 @entity1 were randomly assigned to placebo (17 subjects) or gevokizumab (81 subjects) at increasing doses and dosing schedules. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the safety profile of gevokizumab in @entity164 2 @entity6 . The secondary objectives were to assess pharmacokinetics for different dose levels, routes of administration, and regimens and to assess biological activity. RESULTS: The study drug was well tolerated with no serious adverse events. There was one hypoglycemic event whereupon concomitant insulin treatment had to be reduced. Clearance of gevokizumab was consistent with that for a human IgG(2), with a half-life of 22 days. In the combined intermediate-dose group (single doses of 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg), the mean placebo-corrected decrease in glycated hemoglobin was 0.11, 0.44, and 0.85% after 1, 2 (P = 0.017), and 3 (P = 0.049) months, respectively, along with enhanced C-peptide secretion, @entity1720 , and a reduction in C-reactive protein and spontaneous and inducible cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: This novel @entity1356 -neutralizing antibody improved glycemia, possibly via restored insulin production and action, and reduced @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . This therapeutic agent may be able to be used on a once-every-month or longer schedule.

title: Effects of gevokizumab on glycemia and inflammatory markers in XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin sensitivity']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1002 are serious long-term complications from @entity583 that produce hemodynamic alterations in the cardiac function. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the chirurgical and clinic results of the endoventricular patch repair of the @entity2845 or @entity910 portions of the left ventricle. METHODS: From August 2002 to October 2005, 20 consecutive @entity1 underwent surgical repair of @entity1002 using the endoventricular patch repair technique. The mean age was 63,6 years, and 80% where male. Every @entity1 have had only one episode of @entity583 , which resulted in a @entity2845 or @entity910 alteration in the motility of the left ventricle. The preoperative functional class of most of the @entity1 was class III or IV and 45% where on angina class II. In 90% of the @entity1 the @entity439 where antero-septal. @entity1002 was present in 65%. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent the @entity2911 procedure associated with coronary artery bypass grafting. There was no perioperative mortality. One @entity1 died in the immediate postoperative period. Four @entity1 needed inotropic support for more than 24h and intra-aortic balloon pumping was used postoperatively in two cases. Mean hospital stay was 8,6 days. At late follow-up the functional class was I in 20%, class II in 55% and class III in 10%. The angina class was I in 65% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical repair of @entity1002 using the endoventricular patch repair technique proved to be safe, causing significant clinical improvement and an increase in the ejection fraction.

title: [Results of XXXX 's endoventricular repair in the management of left @entity439 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm', 'Left ventricular aneurysms', 'Left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity2911 :: (58476,Gene) :: ['Dor']


abstract: @entity355 is a condition in which the squamous mucosa that normally lines the distal esophagus is replaced by a columnar type of epithelium. Although it carries a clear risk of @entity420 , the estimation of this risk and therefore the value of endoscopic screening remain highly controversial. AIM: To investigate more sensitive techniques to identify those @entity1 who are at high risk of developing @entity5 and who need intensive endoscopic surveillance for early detection. METHODS: A morphologic, histochemical and morphometric study was performed on paraffin-embedded material from 120 @entity1 with @entity355 and 18 with @entity420 . In addition, each sample was analyzed immunohistochemically with @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ), @entity876 , @entity1722 , @entity10580 and EMA antibodies. RESULTS: In all zones of the glandular mucosa we found a higher percentage of @entity1364 -positive nuclei when the specialized epithelium was present. We saw @entity1364 expression in 75% of the @entity1 with @entity420 , and @entity876 expression in 15% of the @entity1 without @entity1141 , 37% of the @entity1 with @entity1141 and 44% of the @entity1 with @entity420 . Positivity for @entity1722 was found in 38% of the @entity1 without @entity1141 , 53% of those with @entity1141 and 37% of those with @entity420 . @entity2007 was found in 70% of the @entity1 with @entity4648 or @entity1141 and in all @entity1 with @entity420 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity876 , @entity1364 overexpression and aneuploidy are markers of risk for @entity5 in @entity355 .

title: Prognostic factors in XXXX : an immunohistochemical and morphometric study of 120 cases.

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['Aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze clinical findings of @entity24181 and its epidemiological features. METHODS: Were reviewed clinical files of @entity1 who attended the @entity1596 and @entity791 sector of @entity23345 , S  o Paulo, Brazil between January 1999 and July 2002 and had a diagnosis of @entity24181 . @entity1 who had Mantoux test higher than 10 mm, epidemiological history of @entity378 and ocular findings that improved after specific treatment were included. RESULTS: Seventeen medical files were analyzed, of those, 12 (70.6%) were females. The mean age was 54 (24-84) years. The average time between symptoms and diagnosis was 100 days. Ocular findings at the first interview were multiple but most were at the anterior segment of the eye and 41% of @entity1 who had clinical findings that suggested @entity378 other than ocular. Situations as @entity726 , @entity1713 and @entity548 were responsible for reduction of visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity24181 showed a low prevalence but important visual loosing morbidity. The multiplicity of clinical findings is responsible for the delay of diagnosis.

title: [Ocular manifestation in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Ophthalmology-Uveitis']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity24181 :: ('MESH:D014392', 'Disease') :: ['ocular tuberculosis', 'Ocular tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of the @entity5 diagnosed as @entity6962 (true @entity5 ) arising from a @entity5123 . DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: An 80-year-old Japanese @entity1 was referred with a well-circumscribed @entity5 in the lacrimal fossa. RESULTS: The @entity5 was excised, but the deepest portion remained because of heavy @entity548 . Histopathologically, the @entity5 consisted of @entity1358 . No epithelial or myoepithelial component was identified by immunohistochemistry. Two months later, the @entity5 progressed further and was excised completely with lateral orbitotomy. The @entity5 consisted primarily of @entity2483 but also had epithelial components including @entity189 and @entity5123 . Examinations did not detect local recurrence and @entity3 at 10 post-operative months. CONCLUSION: The @entity5 was diagnosed as true @entity6962 of the lacrimal gland arising from a @entity5123 . When lacrimal gland @entity5 containing @entity3038 components are encountered, @entity6962 should be included in the differential diagnosis.

title: @entity6962 of the lacrimal gland arising from a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatous']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'mixed tumor', 'lacrimal gland tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomatous cells']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomatous component']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity5123 :: (MESH:D008949,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity421 ( @entity421 ), larger @entity5 size correlates with higher @entity3 incidence and lower overall survival. Identifying the mechanisms that control @entity5 growth can lead to the new therapeutic approaches and improve prognosis. Cytoskeleton regulatory molecules play an important role in @entity5 cells proliferation and motility. In the current study, we investigated the role of scaffolding protein @entity8617 ( @entity8617 ) in @entity421 . METHODS: @entity19 @entity421 cells, DLM8 were stably transfected with shCIP4 plasmid and their tumorigenic activity was studied in vitro and in vivo. The effect of @entity8617 downregulation on cytoskeleton was studied by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: In vivo studies revealed that downregulation of @entity8617 in @entity421 @entity5 cells can inhibit primary subcutaneous @entity5 growth and delay spontaneous @entity3 growth in the animal lungs. In vitro studies confirmed that inhibiting @entity8617 expression significantly reduced @entity5 cells invasiveness and migration. Changes in @entity8617 expression altered its cellular localization pattern and @entity5 cell morphology, which could explain changes in @entity421 cell behavior in vivo and in vitro. Cells with downregulated @entity8617 showed lower levels of actin in cells along with fewer perinuclear actin stress filaments and actin bridges to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane than control cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents compelling evidence that inhibition of @entity8617 expression in @entity421 cells impairs metastatic behavior of cells in vitro and prolongs survival of animals by inhibiting @entity5 growth. Although the lack of @entity8617 in @entity5 cells did not prevent formation of @entity3 , it did substantially delay their formation in the animals' lungs.

title: Inhibition of XXXX ( @entity8617 ) impairs @entity421 progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity8617 :: ('9322', 'Gene') :: ['Cdc42-interacting protein 4', 'CIP4']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity8617 :: (9322,Gene) :: ['Cdc42-interacting protein 4']


abstract: The occurrence of different parasites in roe (Capreolus capreolus), and @entity2498 ( @entity2498 ) were examined during the period 1972-1995. Deer shot at random or found dead were examined and parasitological status of a farmed @entity2498 herd has been observed regularly. Age, carcass weight, physical condition and pathological features were checked or measured. Of the parasites, 38 species in roe and 18 in @entity2498 were identified and at least 11 of them were shared by both hosts. None of them seems to be pathogenic for these hosts, not considerating local alterations. Disease or mortality together with excessive parasite burden were found only in specimens or herds living in captivity. Beside lungworms, protozoans as well as hair louse may occur in high intensity due to the stress-related diathesis of the host organism. Therefore the relation of deer and their native parasites can be considered as a @entity12825 rather than a harmful impact of the latter. Parasites of direct development can serve as bioindicators, monitoring the health status of the host individuals, herds or their habitat quality. Finally, the indigenous parasitofauna of roe and @entity2498 and the large variety of their other intermediate and final hosts represent a colourful example of biodiversity.

title: Deer and their parasites: disease or XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity12825 :: ('MESH:C565728', 'Disease') :: ['coexistence']

entities_list: @entity2498 :: ('9860', 'Species') :: ['Cervus elaphus', 'red deer']

answer: @entity12825 :: (MESH:C565728,Disease) :: ['coexistence']


abstract: @entity1311 is an effective antineoplastic drug treatment used as an anti-tumoral therapy. Unfortunately its use is associated with unwanted side effects, which include the development of @entity1897 and @entity9 , greatly affecting the quality of life of @entity1 . It is well known that agonists of the cannabinoid receptor are able to reduce @entity1931 and @entity1931 that develop after @entity128 . Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the cannabinoid agonist @entity10024 to reduce the thermal @entity1931 and the tactile @entity1931 induced by administration of @entity1311 in @entity35 . Present results demonstrate that @entity10024 (1 mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced the heat (P<0.0001) and the mechanical (P=0.0003) withdrawal thresholds, the dose being smaller than that required to reach similar effects in the sciatic nerve constriction model (1.5 mg/kg). When the cannabinoid tetrad test was evaluated to measure behavioral modifications, it was found that @entity10024 (1mg/kg) did not induce changes either in body temperature or in immobility time, and only a reduction in spontaneous motility was recorded. This effect was antagonized by @entity351 , suggesting the involvement of the @entity13677 receptor, although the participation of @entity10027 receptors cannot be excluded from this study. When @entity10024 was administered intraplantar, no differences were observed between the injected paw and the contralateral paw, suggesting that systemic mechanisms are needed to reach effectiveness. From these results we suggest that @entity7785 may be an interesting alternative to reduce @entity1109 induced by @entity1311 , however more work is required to assess this possibility.

title: A cannabinoid agonist, XXXX , reduces @entity9 induced by @entity1311 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity7785 :: ('MESH:D002186', 'Chemical') :: ['cannabinoids']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity10024 :: (MESH:C070417,Chemical) :: ['WIN 55,212-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings associated with severe @entity4053 after consumption of an illegal @entity458 (Power 1 Walnut) adulterated with @entity5217 , an oral hypoglycemic agent used to treat @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained for this retrospective study. Records in eight male @entity1 with severe @entity4053 of unknown cause, without prior treatment for @entity6 , and with positive blood toxicology results for @entity5217 were reviewed. MR imaging included diffusion-weighted imaging and, in some @entity1 , MR angiography, dynamic contrast material-enhanced perfusion MR imaging, and MR spectroscopy. RESULTS: In seven @entity1 , there were hyperintense abnormalities on diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted images in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, sparing the subcortical white matter and cerebellum. Three @entity1 had abnormalities of the splenium of the corpus callosum, and one had widespread involvement, including the caudate nucleus, basal ganglia, and internal capsule bilaterally. In three @entity1 , unilateral cortical involvement, which did not conform to the typical cerebral arterial territories, was noted. In one @entity1 , perfusion MR imaging showed slightly increased relative cerebral blood volume, and MR spectroscopy revealed no evidence of abnormal @entity880 in the affected cerebral cortex. CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging findings in @entity1 with severe @entity4053 showed @entity75 in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, but the caudate nucleus and basal ganglia were involved in only the most severely affected @entity1 . The splenium of the corpus callosum and internal capsule were also abnormal in three @entity1 , and unilateral cortical lesions could be distinguished from acute @entity385 by the pattern of involvement and MR angiographic, perfusion, and spectroscopic findings.

title: Severe @entity4053 associated with an illegal @entity458 adulterated with XXXX : MR imaging findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['typical lesions']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual enhancement product']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity5217 :: (MESH:D005905,Chemical) :: ['glibenclamide']


abstract: In neuroleptic therapy for @entity716 , clinical improvement is produced more slowly than is central @entity935 blockade, and its time course is highly variable between @entity1 . A theory of neuroleptic-responsive @entity716 thus requires more than @entity935 blockade, though that appears to be the first step in the therapeutic process. Some previous explanations given for the protracted time course of neuroleptic therapy are discussed, with emphasis on the hypothesis of delayed inactivation of midbrain @entity935 neurones. For various reasons all explanations are unsatisfactory. An alternative hypothesis is proposed in which neuroleptic-responsive @entity914 are seen as arising from a hyperactivity of the associations of thought. Such @entity914 thus involve a disorder of a high-level learning process, namely the elaboration of memories of thoughts and beliefs. Neuroleptic drugs are envisaged to remedy this process, but not to eradicate the abnormal memories already formed. Psychotic symptoms may thus outlast the start of neuroleptic therapy by many weeks. It is suggested that the pharmacological characteristics of the hypothetical learning process involved in generating @entity716 symptoms are analogous to those of a simpler learning process, defineable in animal experiments - namely, the reward component in instrumental conditioning. A preliminary case is made that the relative potency of different neuroleptic drugs in antipsychotic therapy can better be predicted by their relative potency in retarding such a variety of learning, than by other behavioural tests of these drugs.

title: The time course of neuroleptic therapy for @entity716 : role of learning processes and implications for concepts of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic illness', 'psychotic']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The noninvasive, early detection of @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ), a precancerous @entity5 of the prostate, would be highly desirable. In our experiments, we used @entity14913 @entity19 to model @entity5436 in the range of grade 1 through grade 4. METHODS: Contrast enhanced pixel-by-pixel R1 mapping of the prostate was used to detect areas with the @entity1069 grades. After anesthesia, @entity54071 was injected I.V. A series of MRI images with varying TI were then acquired to create R1 maps in a 2 mm transversal tomographic slice that included the prostate. After euthanasia and the excision of the prostate, a 2 mm slice, corresponding to the tomographic slice, was selected and prepared for histological analysis. The microscopic sections of this slice were scanned and analyzed along with the R1 maps. The R1 values were normalized to that measured in muscle tissue in each individual @entity19 to account for possible variations among the @entity19 in contrast agent uptake (R1(norm)). The R1(norm) values and the histological grades in the corresponding areas were correlated. RESULTS: A significant difference was found between the R1(norm) values measured in areas with grade 1-2 versus those observed in areas with grades 3-4. Also, a significant correlation was found between the area size of the ROIs differentiated by MRI, and those determined by histology. CONCLUSION: This method has the potential for early noninvasive detection of developing @entity263 .

title: Virtual in vivo biopsy map of XXXX in @entity14913 @entity19 by MRI.

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['different prostate neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia', 'PIN']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['early prostate neoplasm']


abstract: PURPOSE: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in @entity1 with @entity65 in Korea has rarely been studied, mostly due to the lack of a psychometrically validated disease-specific instrument. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a cardiovascular specific-HRQOL questionnaire (CD-QOL). METHOD: The CD-QOL was developed and validated as follows; item generation, pilot study, and psychometric tests. @entity1 were recruited from three-university hospitals. The @entity1 were asked to complete the preliminary questionnaire comprising the content-validated items, SF-36, and CES-D. The NYHA and KASI classifications were used to classify the functional performance of the @entity1 . The data was analyzed using correlation, factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, multitrait/multi-item matrix, ANOVA, and Cronbach's alpha. RESULT: Preliminarily, thirty-nine items were generated. Factor analysisextracted a five-factor solution with a total of twenty-two items. One item was deleted based upon the MDS. The remaining items were moderately correlated with the subscales of the SF-36 and associated with @entity308 measured with the CES-D. The mean scores of @entity1 in NYHA and KASI class I were significantly higher than those in NYHA and KASI class II or/and III, which suggested @entity1 with better functional performance were likely to have a better HRQOL. Cronbach's alphas of the total and subscales were all greater than 0.70. CONCLUSION: The CD-QOL is a easily applicable instrument with excellent psychometric properties of content, criterion, factorial, convergent, and known-groups validity, and internal consistency reliability in Korean @entity1 with @entity65 .

title: [Development and a psychometric evaluation of XXXX -specific quality of life scale for Koreans].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: Laser photocoagulation treatment of the central retina is often complicated by an immediate side effect of @entity227 , caused by the unavoidable laser-induced destruction of the normal tissue lying adjacent to the lesion and not affected directly by the laser beam. Furthermore, accidental laser injuries are at present untreatable. A neuroprotective therapy for salvaging the normal tissue might enhance the benefit obtained from treatment and allow safe perifoveal photocoagulation. We have developed a @entity35 model for studying the efficacy of putative neuroprotective compounds in ameliorating laser-induced @entity989 . Four compounds were evaluated: the corticosteroid @entity1667 , the @entity2227 -receptor blocker @entity3390 , the anti-oxidant enzyme @entity224 dismutase, and the @entity460 -overload antagonist @entity4271 . The study was carried out in two steps: in the first, the histopathological development of retinal laser injuries was studied. @entity3503 laser lesions were inflicted in the retinas of 18 pigmented @entity35 . The animals were killed after 3, 20 or 60 days and their retinal lesions were evaluated under the light microscope. The laser injury mainly involved the outer layers of the retina, where it destroyed significant numbers of photoreceptor cells. Over time, evidence of two major histopathological processes was observed: traction of adjacent normal retinal cells into the central area of the lesion forming an internal retinal bulging, and a retinal pigmented epithelial proliferative reaction associated with subretinal neovascularization and invasion of the @entity989 site by phagocytes. The neuroprotective effects of each of the four compounds were verified in a second step of the study. For each drug tested, 12 @entity35 were irradiated with @entity3503 laser inflictions: six of them received the tested agent while the other six were treated with the corresponding vehicle. Twenty days after laser exposure, the @entity35 were killed and their lesions were subjected to image-analysis morphometry. The extent of retinal destruction was assessed by measuring the lesion diameter and the amount of photoreceptor cell loss in the outer nuclear layer. @entity1667 and @entity3390 were shown to ameliorate laser-induced @entity989 , whereas both @entity224 dismutase and @entity4271 were ineffective. Furthermore, @entity3390 diminished the proliferative reaction of the retinal pigment epithelial cells. On the basis of our results we suggest that the pigmented @entity35 model is suitable for studying and screening various compounds for their neuroprotective efficacy in treating @entity989 . We further suggest that @entity2227 might play a key role in mediating @entity989 induced by laser irradiation.

title: Neuroprotective therapy for XXXX -laser induced @entity989 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylprednisolone', 'methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal lesion', 'retinal injury', 'retinal laser injury', 'retinal damage']

entities_list: @entity4271 :: ('MESH:D005444', 'Chemical') :: ['flunarizine']

answer: @entity3503 :: (MESH:D001128,Chemical) :: ['argon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of the complex of the fibrin sealant (FS) and the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) to create a new cartilage in the @entity19 by the issue engineering technique. METHODS: The MSCs were isolated from healthy @entity1 and were expanded in vitro. And then the MSCs were induced by the defined medium containing the @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), @entity619 , and @entity620 . The biomechanical properties of the chondrocytes were investigated at 7 and 14 days. The MSCs induced for 7 days were collected and mixed with FS. Then, the FS-MSCs mixture was injected by a needle into the dorsum of the @entity19 in the experimental group. In the two control groups, only FS or MSCs were injected respectively. The specimens were harvested at 6 and 12 weeks,and the ability of chondrogenesis in vivo was investigated by the gross observation, HE, Alcian Blue staining, and type II collagen immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The MSCs changed from a spindle-like fibroblastic appearance to a polygonal shape when transferred to the defined medium, and could be induced to express the chondrocyte matrix. After an injection of the mixture, the cartilage-like tissue mass was formed, and the specimens were harvested from the mass at 6 and 12 weeks in the experimental group. The tissue mass at 6 weeks was smaller and relatively firm in texture, which had a distinct lacuna structure. And glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and Type II Collagen expressions were detected. The tissue mass at 12 weeks was bigger, firmer and glosser with the mature chondrocytes lying in the lacuna structure. The positive Alcian blue and Collagen II immunohistochemistry stainings were stronger at 12 weeks than at 6 weeks. But there was no cartilage-like tissue mass formed in the two control groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the fibrin sealant and the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be successfully used in a constructing technique for the tissue engineered injectable cartilage.

title: [Conduction of injectable cartilage using fibrin sealant and XXXX bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo].

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor beta1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The present study examines acute titration with @entity3371 and chronic follow-up data on @entity3371 and a diuretic in @entity1 with all forms of @entity101 . @entity3371 was initiated in those @entity1 in whom previous antihypertensive agents either failed to control @entity101 or produced adverse reactions. Acute titration was done in 88 @entity1 in whom average diastolic blood pressure was equal to or more than 95 mm Hg. Initial titration dosage was decided on the basis of initial blood pressure recordings. During initial titration, 5 @entity1 received 12.5 mg, 51 received 25 mg, 28 received 50 mg, and the remaining 4 received 100 mg of @entity3371 . Post- @entity3371 blood pressure data were normalized by using pre- @entity3371 data as 100% for each @entity1 . The blood pressure-lowering effect of @entity3371 on both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in all 88 @entity1 was statistically significant (p less than 0.05), within forty-five minutes of @entity3371 administration irrespective of the doses. No adverse reactions were seen during the acute titration. After the initial titration, in all 88 @entity1 a diuretic was added to obtain a synergistic effect. Eleven @entity1 were dropped from the study, for they could not follow the requirements of the protocol. In 77 @entity1 the data for a one-year safety profile with @entity3371 and diuretic were available. There were no overall significant statistical changes in serial white blood cell count, serum @entity972 , and serum @entity1011 values in those 77 @entity1 . In 31 @entity1 the initial and maintenance dosage of @entity3371 and the diuretic remained unaltered for one year. Post- @entity3371 blood pressure and heart rate data were normalized, pre- @entity3371 data being considered as 100% in those 31 @entity1 . The blood pressure data following @entity3371 and a diuretic therapy compared with the pre- @entity3371 data were statistically significant (p less than 0.05) throughout the study period. However, no significant changes in heart rates were observed during the study period. In all other @entity1 , diuretic therapy was continued throughout the study period. In 6 severely @entity101 @entity1 , an additional beta-blocker was needed for further control of @entity101 . In 3 severe @entity101 with @entity177 , besides a diuretic and a beta-blocker, minoxidil was needed to normalize their @entity101 . In 4 of 77 @entity1 , @entity1855 was used for treatment of either @entity951 or paroxsysmal supraventricular @entity943 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Acute titration and chronic follow-up with @entity3371 in XXXX . A one-year safety profile on combination therapy with @entity3371 and a diuretic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'high blood pressure', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic angina']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The purpose of this article was to review the patterns and morbidity of regional recurrence (RR) in @entity1 with early @entity0 , efficacy of salvage therapy for RR, and complications of regional nodal treatment. A retrospective evaluation of 1,158 @entity1 with stage I or @entity0 treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy (RT) between 1979 and 1994 was performed. Seven hundred fifty @entity1 underwent axillary surgery, and 229 @entity1 received RT as their only treatment of the regional lymphatics. Regional nodal RT was given to 168 @entity1 who also had axillary surgery. The regional lymphatics of 11 @entity1 were not treated. The patterns and morbidity of RR, relapse management, and complications related to regional nodal treatment were reviewed from the @entity1 ' records. With a median follow-up of 88 months, a total of 31 @entity1 (2.7%) developed a RR. Nine of 31 @entity1 (29%) with an RR experienced significant morbidity, including @entity158 , @entity1282 , dyspnoea, and/or sensory motor changes at diagnosis. Nineteen @entity1 (61%) had symptomatic residual or progressive regional disease after salvage therapy at last follow-up or @entity204 . Six of nine @entity1 (67%) who developed an isolated axillary recurrence and underwent salvage surgery had no further axillary recurrence. The addition of regional nodal RT to breast irradiation significantly increased the incidence of symptomatic @entity55 (1% without regional nodal RT and 4% with regional nodal RT, p < 0.001). Combined axillary dissection and nodal irradiation resulted in a significantly higher incidence of arm @entity4 compared with either alone (9.5% with axillary dissection, 6.1% with RT to the axilla and supraclavicular fossa, and 31% with combined modality therapy, p < 0.001). Five of 380 @entity1 (1%) who received RT to the axilla and/or supraclavicular fossa developed a transient @entity5300 . Although RR was uncommon in @entity1 treated with axillary surgery and/or regional nodal irradiation, salvage therapy failed to eradicate the recurrence in approximately two thirds of the @entity1 with a RR. Ongoing research is essential to optimize regional control with an acceptable level of risk of @entity532 . Sentinel lymph node biopsy, if validated as an accurate method of staging the axilla in @entity1 with @entity0 , would allow selective avoidance of regional nodal treatment and hence the associated morbidity.

title: Competing considerations in regional nodal treatment for early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'stage II breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['treatment complications']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, fungating tumor']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Protection of animals against @entity1729 has long been known to depend on respiratory mucosal immunity. However, few studies have been reported on the immune response following intranasal (i.n.) immunisation with non-living, soluble antigens. This study determined the kinetics of the humoral and cellular immune responses in @entity291 after i.n. immunisation with Limulus haemocyanin (LH) with @entity3081 toxin adjuvant, or subcutaneous (s.c.) immunisation with LH in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. A proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured in vitro with LH was observed in animals immunised 7-10 days after i.n. and s.c. immunisations with no significant differences between the two immunised groups. LH -specific antibody was present in the serum of animals immunised s.c. (IgM, IgG1 and IgG2) and i.n. (IgA). Although significant IgA responses were observed, i.n. immunisations in @entity291 with soluble protein antigens and @entity3081 toxin as an adjuvant did not induce a strong systemic immune response.

title: Kinetics and type of immune response following intranasal and subcutaneous immunisation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calves']


abstract: The kinetics of @entity855 ( @entity855 )-dependent proton transport into clathrin-coated vesicles from @entity291 brain have been studied. We observe that the vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) from clathrin-coated vesicles is subject to two different types of inhibition by @entity857 . The first is competitive inhibition with respect to @entity855 , with a Ki for @entity857 of 11 microM. The second type of inhibition occurs after preincubation of the V-ATPase in the presence of @entity857 and @entity1025 , which results in inhibition of the initial rate of proton transport followed by reactivation over the course of several minutes. The second effect is observed at @entity857 concentrations as low as 0.1-0.2 microM, indicating that a high affinity inhibitory complex is formed between @entity857 and the V-ATPase and is only slowly dissociated after the addition of @entity855 . We have further investigated the effect of @entity4627 , an inhibitor of the F-ATPases that has been shown to stabilize an inactive complex between @entity857 and the F1-F0- @entity855 synthase (F-ATPase). We observed that @entity2769 inhibited @entity855 -dependent proton transport by the purified, reconstituted V-ATPase with a K0.5 of 0.2-0.4 mM but had no effect on @entity855 hydrolysis. @entity2769 was shown not to increase the passive proton permeability of reconstituted vesicles and did not stimulate @entity855 hydrolysis by the reconstituted enzyme, in contrast with CCCP, which both abolished the proton gradient and stimulated hydrolysis. Thus, @entity2769 does not appear to act as a simple uncoupler of proton transport and @entity855 hydrolysis. Rather, @entity2769 may have some more direct effect on V-ATPase activity. Possible mechanisms by which @entity2769 could exert this effect on the V-ATPase and the contrasting effects of @entity2769 on the F- and V-ATPases are discussed.

title: Interaction of the clathrin-coated vesicle V-ATPase with @entity857 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2769 :: ('CHEBI:40910', 'Chemical') :: ['azide', 'Azide']

entities_list: @entity4627 :: ('MESH:D019810', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium azide']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity4627 :: (MESH:D019810,Chemical) :: ['sodium azide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In clinical research, massive transfusion (MT) is commonly defined as transfusion of 10 or more red blood cell (RBC) units within 24 hours. However, the clinical relevance of this definition remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated whether @entity1 who reach the MT threshold during @entity548 control differ clinically from those who reach it after @entity548 control (i.e., after intensive care unit [ICU] arrival) but before 24 hours. METHODS: Prospective data were collected on all Level I trauma resuscitations within 5.5 years. @entity1 transfused 10 or more RBCs in the first 24 hours of hospitalization were identified and stratified according to when the MT threshold was achieved: before ICU arrival (Pre-ICU) versus after ICU arrival but before 24 hours of hospitalization (Post-ICU). Clinical characteristics between groups were compared. RESULTS: Three hundred five @entity1 received 10 or more units before ICU arrival, and 46 reached the MT threshold after ICU arrival but before 24 hours. Both groups were clinically similar with respect to age, sex, and Injury Severity Score, but the Post-ICU group had a larger proportion of @entity1913 (71 vs. 53%, p < 0.05), lower mean admission @entity880 (5.9 vs. 8.1 mmol/L, p < 0.05), and higher systolic blood pressure (112 vs. 96 mm Hg, p < 0.05) compared with the Pre-ICU group. Twenty-four-hour mortality was significantly lower in the Post-ICU group compared with the Pre-ICU group (9 vs. 33%, p < 0.05). In-hospital mortality was not significantly different between groups (33 vs. 46%, p = 0.11). CONCLUSION: @entity1 reaching the MT threshold after ICU arrival comprise a relatively small proportion of those that would be included by the traditional MT definition. However, they have a significantly decreased mortality risk at 24 hours and the potential to dilute the study cohort. For research purposes, restricting the MT definition to 10 or more RBCs during @entity548 control may result in study cohorts with relatively more uniform mortality risks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, level II.

title: Toward a better definition of massive transfusion: focus on the interval of XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injuries']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: In @entity1 @entity1 and newborn @entity35 , white light at the intensity used to treat @entity3638 lowers serum @entity460 concentration. Occipital shielding or (in newborn @entity35 ) exogenous @entity2493 prevents this effect. @entity1169 , by inhibiting @entity2493 synthesis, also causes @entity3747 , which is preventable by @entity2493 . @entity4235 or adrenalectomy prevents @entity3747 after light exposure or @entity1169 . Exogenous @entity2819 lowers serum @entity460 ; this is prevented by supplementary @entity2493 . In adult @entity35 , the change in @entity460 after light, @entity1169 , or @entity2819 is minimal. After parathyroidectomy or a diet with a high @entity460 /low @entity3151 ratio, the @entity14645 effect of these three agents is restored. Bone samples removed after light exposure or @entity2819 administration show increased @entity460 uptake; this is blocked by supplementary @entity2493 in vivo or by addition of @entity2493 to the incubation medium. We postulated that the @entity14645 effect of light or @entity1169 was due to an acute increase in @entity2819 -mediated bone @entity460 uptake when circulating @entity2493 was decreased by reduction of the rate of @entity2493 synthesis. In our study, pinealectomized @entity35 showed no change in serum @entity460 after light or @entity1169 ; their @entity14645 response to @entity2819 was greater than that of sham-operated controls. Exogenous parathyroid hormone prevented light-induced @entity3747 in newborn @entity35 .

title: Pineal and adrenal effects on XXXX homeostasis in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['Metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: A prospective analysis of the views of 160 parents of @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity572 and treated by the Pavlik harness over 3.5 years to assess parents' compliance. A compliance assessment was carried out by taking into consideration the various factors that may contribute to parental concerns during treatment with a standard orthosis, clinic attendance, information written daily by parents about problems encountered, and the final outcome of treatment. Parents who attended the follow-up appointments in the clinic as advised, had written information about the harness at home and claimed that they followed the physician's instructions exactly (P = <0.0002) comprised 94.37%. Parents who had poor compliance with the harness comprised 5.62%. A significant relationship (P=0.000) was detected between compliance and a willingness to use the harness again in the future or to recommend it to other parents. Seventeen (10.6%) parents reported difficulty in applying the harness in the first week after bathing the @entity1 . At the completion of treatment, 96.25% of the parents declared that the harness was easy to use and 3.75% said it was difficult to use. Various problems during use of the harness, such as @entity272 , feet slipping from the harness, and difficulty in clothing and carrying the @entity1 were reported by 31.9% of the parents, but these problems did not deter maternal commitment to continuing the treatment. There was a statistically significant (P = 0.000) progressive decrease in the difficulty index from the initial application of the harness to the end of treatment. Active maternal participation, under direct supervision of an orthopaedic surgeon, can ensure a satisfactory outcome. Our study indicates maternal compliance with the Pavlik harness, which has not been studied before in detail.

title: Compliance of parents with regard to Pavlik harness treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['developmental dysplasia of the hip']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin-crease dermatitis']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['developmental dysplasia of the hip']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1911 is a @entity2922 secreting @entity5 derived from chromaffin cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Eighty to eighty-five percent of these @entity5 are localized in the adrenal medulla. When pheocromocytomas are found outside the adrenal gland they are referred to as @entity1911 or @entity1823 . The diagnosis is confirmed by elevation of @entity2661 and the metanephrines in blood plasma and urine. Localization of the @entity5 should be done following biochemical diagnosis by means of CT scan and/or MRI. The treatment of choice is @entity5 resection by laparoscopic surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review was made of all @entity1 medical histories diagnosed with @entity1911 confirmed by the pathology reports of Pathological anatomy of the Navarre hospital Complex (Anatom  a patol  gica del Complejo hospitalario de Navarra A y B) between 1996 to 2010. Descriptive analysis was made using the IBM SPSS statistics program. RESULTS: Our series consists of 43 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1911 over a span of 15 years. The average age on presentation was 47 years. Among the younger @entity1 specific @entity74 were found. Computerized tomography was the most widely used method of localization. Contradictory results were found regarding perioperative medical management protocols. All @entity5 in this series were benign. CONCLUSIONS: It is advisable to carry out a genetic study on @entity1 under twenty. The biochemical indicators with the greatest diagnostic sensitivity were the levels of @entity6531 and @entity6533 in urine. Surgery was the only treatment option.

title: [Analysis of a series XXXX cases over 15 years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6531 :: ('MESH:D009647', 'Chemical') :: ['normetanephrine']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pheocromocytoma tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity6533 :: ('MESH:D008676', 'Chemical') :: ['metanephrine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: Forty-nine cases with @entity151 ( @entity151 ) treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy were analyzed. Eight of them were of limited disease (LD), and 41(83.7%) had @entity66 ( @entity66 ). Forty six were treated on a protocol comprising the induction with @entity786 1g i.v. on days 1st and 8th, @entity1891 1-2mg, i.v. on days 1st and 8th, @entity2879 100mg i.v. on days 3rd-7th and @entity1499 20mg i.v. on day 3rd, 5th, 9th, 11th and than repeated with the second course of treatment after 21 days. Eight @entity1 (17.4%) responded completely. There were 29 cases with partial response (63%). The total response rate was therefore 80.4%. Then radiotherapy (50 GY Over 4 weeks) was administered to primary @entity5 area in 36 @entity1 of good response. The CR was increased from 19.4% to 55.6%. Twenty @entity1 had CR. These @entity1 were treated by late intensification with average of six cycles. The median survival period was 10 months. 21 @entity1 (58.3%) were alive more than 1yr. 10 @entity1 (27.8%) survived more than 2 yrs. Six @entity1 (24%) were alive more than 3 yrs. One @entity1 survived over 7 yrs. It was suggested that combined therapy is important for achieving a better response. CR is beneficial for long term remission. Late intensification is a kind of treatment with minimal @entity137 and longer remission. @entity3 to the central nervous system usually caused @entity204 , so prophylactic CNS irradiation (PCI) should be used in @entity1 with @entity66 for achieving a longer remission.

title: [The treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity172 receptor (ER)-positive @entity0 initially respond well to @entity172 ablation treatment but finally acquire refractoriness, the phenomenon that is a major clinical problem. Because some @entity0 synthesize @entity53 (E(2)) and E(2) synthesis is regulated by gonadotropins in normal ovaries, and because circulating gonadotropins are elevated in postmenopausal @entity1 and during @entity172 ablation treatment, we hypothesized that gonadotropins might modulate @entity172 synthesis/metabolism in @entity0 tissue as well. To test this possibility, MCF-7 cells were treated with @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) or @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; approximately LH), each alone or in combination. Cell growth (3-day treatment) was assayed by the @entity98 method and @entity172 synthesis (24-hour treatment) was measured using the ERE-luciferase reporter system. First, MCF-7 cell growth was stimulated by @entity2494 in a concentration-dependent manner with a maximal effect at 10(-4) M. Although hCG alone did not have a significant proliferative effect, hCG significantly and dose dependently stimulated MCF-7 cell growth in the presence of a submaximal concentration of @entity2494 (10(-7 )M). This stimulatory effect of @entity2494 and hCG was blocked by a pure antiestrogen @entity1299 and an aromatase inhibitor, arimidex. Using MCF-7 cells transfected with the ERE-luciferase reporter system, hCG treatment was shown to increase ERE-mediated transcription. These results indicate that MCF-7 cells intrinsically converted @entity2494 into E(2) upon hCG stimulation, then grew their own cells @entity2494 - and hCG-dependently. We conclude that gonadotropins can act on @entity0 cells and accelerate conversion of @entity2494 into @entity172 , thereby stimulating growth of @entity172 -dependent @entity5 cells. This phenomenon, at least in part, could explain: (1) an increased tissue concentration of E(2) in @entity0 ; (2) acquisition of hormone refractoriness during @entity172 ablation treatment, and (3) the effectiveness of @entity4396 antagonist/superagonist in some @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Gonadotropins stimulate growth of MCF-7 @entity1 XXXX cells by promoting intracellular conversion of adrenal androgens to @entity172 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal breast cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity2661 (CA) were studied in peripheral @entity1 lymphocytes in basal conditions as well as after @entity9109 and/or @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) stimulation. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptor activation and blockade were assessed. CA were determined after ultrasonic cell disruption in peripheral lymphocytes after incubation (1 h at 37 degrees C) with the chemicals employed. @entity9109 significantly increased (P < 0.01) L-Dopa and @entity1063 (NE) content of lymphocytes. @entity1617 in the low microM range did not modify, whereas @entity1617 (60 microM) and (120 microM) significantly increased (P < 0.01), both L-Dopa and NE intracellular levels. @entity9109 plus @entity1617 (60 microM) or (120 microM) significantly increased (P < 0.01) intracellular L-Dopa and NE versus control, versus @entity9109 alone and versus @entity1617 alone. The increase was higher than the algebraic sum of the individual increases. @entity1239 (250 microM), but not muscarine (50 microM), significantly increased L-Dopa and NE in lymphocytes. @entity5128 (500 microM) (nicotinic blocker), but not @entity3897 (100 microM) (muscarinic blocker), inhibited the @entity1617 -mediated increase of intracellular L-Dopa and NE. These data show that lymphocyte synthesis of CA is under nicotinic control. Since intracellular L-Dopa after @entity9109 plus @entity1617 increased 6-fold versus basal, 2-fold versus @entity9109 alone and 3-fold versus @entity1617 alone, it is concluded that @entity1617 might regulate CA synthesis in lymphocytes through an activation of the rate limiting enzyme @entity669 hydroxylase.

title: XXXX and @entity1239 induce synthesis of L-Dopa and @entity1063 in @entity1 lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine']

entities_list: @entity9109 :: ('CHEBI:17895', 'Chemical') :: ['L-tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity9109 :: (CHEBI:17895,Chemical) :: ['L-tyrosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural history and pathogenesis of @entity393 in @entity1 with acute @entity4008 . DESIGN: Multicentre prospective study. SETTING: 21 hospitals in the south and west of England and South Wales. SUBJECTS: 124 @entity1 between the ages of 4 weeks and 16 years with newly diagnosed @entity4008 . METHODS: @entity1 underwent repeated audiological assessment with the first tests being performed within six hours of diagnosis. By using a combination of otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses, and tympanometry the differences between cochlear, neural, and conductive defects were distinguished. RESULTS: Ninety two @entity1 (74%) had meningococcal and 18 (15%) had @entity2506 . All cases of @entity393 were apparent at the time of the first assessment. Three @entity1 (2.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5 to 6.9%) had permanent @entity1274 . Thirteen @entity1 (10.5%) had reversible @entity393 of whom nine had an impairment that resolved within 48 hours of diagnosis. It is believed that this "fleeting' @entity393 has not been reported previously. The cochlea was identified as the site of the lesion in both the permanent @entity73 . @entity393 was more common in @entity1 who had been ill for more than 24 hours (relative risk 2.72; 95% CI 0.93 to 7.98). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1274 developed during the earliest stages of @entity693 . Permanent @entity2319 was rare but 10% of the @entity1 had a rapidly reversible @entity18129 . This may have progressed to permanent @entity2319 if the @entity1 had not been treated promptly.

title: @entity393 during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural and reversible impairments']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'Sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity18129 :: ('MESH:D015834', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear dysfunction']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['bacterial meningitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Etiopathogenesis of cryptogenic @entity82 (CC) is not yet well established. Up to 20% of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) may progress to @entity82 , mostly termed as cryptogenic. @entity2690 resistance and altered metabolic parameters form a major pathogenic link between @entity1561 and CC. CC may thus be actually a @entity409 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 of CC and 32 @entity1 having @entity82 due to chronic @entity1956 ( @entity1956 ) were assessed in a cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital for @entity2690 resistance, % b-cell activity, @entity28 indices, plasma @entity413 , lipid profiles, and many other parameters. RESULTS: CC @entity1 had higher homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR compared to @entity1956 group (P = 0.000016). A positive correlation between IR values and @entity1 -Pugh score among CC @entity1 was found ("r" = 0.87; P < 0.00001). Out of 34 CC @entity1 , 15 (44.1%) had @entity28 contrary to 6 (18.8%) in the control group (P = 0.0022). Differences were observed in subcutaneous fat (P = 0.0022), intra-abdominal fat (P = 0.0055), waist circumference (P = 0.014), and percentage body fat (P = 0.047) between the two groups. Significant differences were observed in the levels of @entity412 , total @entity165 , and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). CONCLUSION: Most of the CC @entity1 showed significantly higher prevalence of HOMA-IR, @entity28 indices, and various parameters of "lipotoxicity" and @entity209 , suggesting that CC may be the long-term consequence of a type of " @entity409 ." Further studies are required to evaluate the role of therapeutic interventions to enhance @entity2690 sensitivity in such @entity1 .

title: Cryptogenic cirrhosis: @entity409 due to XXXX resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B', 'Hep B']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: @entity14 is the third leading cause of @entity5 in the United States. Novel prevention or therapeutic agents are needed to better manage this disease. American @entity9052 is a commonly used herb and is believed to have lots of health benefits, including anti- @entity5 activities. However there have been very few in-depth studies of the activities of this herb at the molecular level. In this report we showed that 4h-steamed American @entity9052 root extract (S4h) induced @entity2383 , increased reactive @entity26 species (ROS), and apoptosis in @entity14 cells. We showed that the NF-kappaB pathway was activated by S4h and that removal of ROS inhibited S4h-induced NF-kappaB activation. We further showed that both antioxidants and a specific inhibitor of the NF-kappaB pathway enhanced S4h-induced cell death. Finally, we showed that protecting the mitochondria decreased both the level of ROS and apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that S4h-induced apoptosis in @entity14 cells is mediated by mitochondria damage and that damage to the mitochondria activates both the apoptosis pathway and the ROS/NF-kappaB mediated survival pathway. These results further suggest that the anti- @entity5 effect of steamed @entity9052 can be enhanced by antioxidants or inhibitors of the NF-kappaB pathway.

title: Antioxidants potentiate American XXXX -induced killing of @entity14 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['ginseng']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), mortality is lower in @entity1 versus @entity1 . However, it is unknown whether the survival advantage in @entity1 compared with @entity1 is present in both whites and African Americans with @entity712 . The inception cohort consisted of adults > or =65 years with incident @entity712 after enrollment in the @entity13277 , a prospective population-based study of @entity65 . Of 5,888 @entity13277 subjects, 1,264 developed new @entity712 and were followed up for 3 years. Subjects were categorized into 4 race-gender groups, and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine whether 3-year total and @entity65 differed among the 4 groups after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, co-morbidities, and treatment. A gender-race interaction was also tested for each outcome. In subjects with incident @entity712 , African Americans had more @entity101 and @entity6 than whites, and white @entity1 had more @entity301 than other gender-race groups. Receipt of cardiovascular treatments among the 4 groups was similar. Mortality rates after @entity712 were lower in @entity1 compared with @entity1 (for white @entity1 , African-American @entity1 , African-American @entity1 , and white @entity1 , total mortality was 35.5, 33.6, 44.4, and 40.5/100 @entity1 -years, and @entity65 was 18.4, 19.5, 20.2, and 22.7/100 @entity1 -years, respectively). After adjusting for covariates, @entity1 had a 15% to 20% lower risk of total and @entity65 compared with @entity1 , but there was no significant difference in outcome by race. The gender-race interaction for either outcome was not significant. In conclusion, in older adults with @entity712 , @entity1 had significantly better survival than @entity1 irrespective of race, suggesting that gender-based survival differences may be more important than race-based differences.

title: Race, gender, and mortality in adults > or =65 years of age with incident XXXX (from the Cardiovascular Health Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The aim of the current study was to characterize the effects of prolonged @entity4854 on renal structure and function using a model of @entity2175 : the Goto Kakizaki (GK) @entity35 , which does not have confounding variables, such as @entity407 , @entity28 , or elevated blood pressure. The data show that @entity4854 in this model was not associated with the development of significant @entity644 , but it was associated with the development of definitive age-dependent renal structural changes. These changes consisted of thickening of @entity631 at 35 weeks and tubular basement membrane. This thickening was accompanied by marked @entity8 resulting from a parallel increase in total capillary luminal volume and mesangial volume, but fractional capillary and mesangial volumes remained unchanged. There was evidence of podocyte injury, as assessed by de novo expression of @entity10944 . In contrast, there was no evidence of mesangial cell activation, as assessed by their de novo expression of alpha-SMA. Interstitial monocyte/macrophage influx increased significantly in GK @entity35 at 12 weeks compared with @entity35 controls. Glomerular macrophage infiltration was elevated significantly in 35-week GK @entity35 . The structural changes described in the GK @entity35 are similar to those described in prolonged @entity2175 @entity1 who have not developed @entity8 . This model allows us to investigate further the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the consequences of prolonged @entity4854 .

title: Association of prolonged XXXX with @entity8 and @entity8 membrane thickening in the Goto Kakizaki model of @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular hypertrophy', 'overt renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular basement membrane']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: For previously treated advanced @entity0 , there is no standard second-line therapy. Combination chemotherapy with @entity2664 , high-dose @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 ( @entity4038 ) had been reported as an effective and well tolerated regimen. From October 1993 to November 1995, we treated 13 @entity1 with previously chemotherapy-treated metastatic @entity0 by @entity2664 , 12 mg/m2, on day 1 and continuous infusion of @entity1487 , 3000 mg/m2, together with @entity4181 , 300 mg/m2, for 48 h from day 1 to 2. Each course of chemotherapy was given every 4 weeks. Most of these @entity1 had more than two metastatic sites, with lung metastasis predominant. Seven @entity1 had been treated with @entity5948 . Seven @entity1 had previously received radiotherapy and seven had received hormone therapy. Median number of courses of @entity4038 given was six and the median cumulative dose of @entity2664 was 68.35 mg/m2. One @entity1 had complete response, seven had stable disease, none had partial response and five had progressive disease. The overall objective response rate was 7.6%. The median follow-up period was 14 months. Median survival was 16 months. Median progression-free survival was 5 months. A complete responder had relapse-free survival up to 17 months. Major @entity137 were @entity1370 and @entity1431 . Eight @entity1 were dead in the last follow-up; two of them died of treatment-related @entity137 . The @entity4038 achieves little palliative benefit and induces severe @entity137 at a fairly high rate. Administration of this regimen to @entity0 @entity1 who have been treated by chemotherapy and those with @entity299 requires careful attention.

title: Treatment of previously treated metastatic @entity0 by @entity2664 and 48-hour continuous infusion of high-dose @entity1487 and @entity4181 ( @entity4038 ): low palliative benefit and high treatment-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['impaired heart function']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hot flashes can be a prominent problem in @entity1 with a history of @entity0 . Given concerns regarding the use of hormonal therapies in such @entity1 , other nonhormonal means for treating hot flashes are required. Based on anecdotal information regarding the efficacy of @entity905 and other newer antidepressants for treating hot flashes, the present trial was developed. @entity1 AND METHODS: This trial used a double-blinded, randomized, two-period (4 weeks per period), cross-over methodology to study the efficacy of @entity905 (20 mg/d) for treating hot flashes in @entity1 with a history of @entity0 or a concern regarding the use of @entity172 (because of @entity0 risk). Eligible @entity1 had to have reported that they averaged at least 14 hot flashes per week; they could have received @entity440 or @entity441 as long as they were on a stable dose. The major outcome measure was a bivariate construct representing hot flash frequency and hot flash score, analyzed by a classic sums and differences cross-over analysis. RESULTS: Eighty-one randomized @entity1 began protocol therapy. By the end of the first treatment period, hot flash scores (frequency x average severity) decreased 50% in the @entity905 arm versus 36% in the placebo arm. Cross-over analysis demonstrated a significantly greater marked hot flash score improvement with @entity905 than placebo (P =.02). The results were not adjusted for potential confounding influences, including age and @entity440 use. The @entity905 was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: This dose of @entity905 resulted in a modest improvement in hot flashes.

title: Phase III evaluation of XXXX for treatment of hot flashes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: @entity11150 . awamori has transposable elements that we refer to as Vader and Tan1 (transposon A. @entity3456 ). Vader was identified by screening unstable @entity1507 reductase (niaD) mutants for insertions. Four of the isolated niaD mutants were shown to contain a small insertion element. This 437 bp insertion element, Vader, is flanked by 44 bp inverted repeats (IR) and is present in approximately 15 copies in the genomes of two A. @entity3456 strains examined. A synthetic 44 bp oligomer of the inverted repeat of Vader has now been used to clone, via the polymerase chain reaction, a 2.3 kb Tan1 element. The Tan1 element has also been isolated from a partial genomic library. Tan1 is present as a single copy in A. @entity3456 . awamori. The Tan1 element has a unique organization: IR-ORF-IR-IR-Vader-IR. The single open reading frame (ORF) (1668 bp) encodes a putative transposase homologous to @entity4278 Fot1 and @entity9456 Pot2. Immediately 3' to the second inverted repeat, which bounds the transposase, is a copy of the AT-rich Vader element. We hypothesize that at some stage the independent Vader element, although inactive by itself, arose from Tan1, resulting in current strains with only one copy of Tan1 providing transposase activity and numerous mobile copies of Vader dispersed in the genome.

title: The transposable element Tan1 of XXXX . awamori, a new member of the Fot1 family.

entities_list: @entity9456 :: ('148305', 'Species') :: ['Magnaporthe grisea']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger var']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity4278 :: ('5507', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium oxysporum']

answer: @entity11150 :: (5061,Species) :: ['Aspergillus niger var']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver surgery, especially for cirrhotic @entity1 , is one of the last areas of resistance to progress in laparoscopic surgery. This study compares the postoperative results and the 2-year @entity1 outcomes between laparoscopic and open resection for @entity157 in @entity1 with histologically proven @entity82 . METHODS: From May 2000 to October 2004, 23 consecutive cirrhotic @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) for @entity157 were compared in a retrospective analysis with a historic group of 23 @entity1 who underwent open hepatectomy ( @entity2145 ). The two groups were well matched for age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class, @entity5 location and size, type of liver resection, and severity of @entity82 . The selection criteria for both groups specified a small (size < 5 cm), exophytic, or subcapsular @entity5 located in the left or peripheral right segments of the liver (II-VI segments, Couinaud); a well-compensated @entity82 ( @entity1 -Pugh A); and an ASA score lower than 3. In the LH group, 15 subsegmentectomies, 3 segmentectomies, and 5 left lateral sectionectomies were performed, as compared with 12 subsegmentectomies, 5 segmentectomies, and 6 left lateral sectionectomies in the @entity2145 group. RESULTS: One @entity1 in the LH group (4.3%) underwent conversion to laparotomy for inadequate exposition. The mean operative time was statistically longer for the LH group (LH, 148 min; @entity2145 , 125 min; p = 0.016), whereas blood transfusions (LH, 0%; @entity2145 , 17.3%; p = 0.036), Pringle maneuver (LH, 0%; @entity2145 , 21.73%; p = 0.017), mean hospital stay (LH, 8.3 days; @entity2145 , 12 days; p = 0.047), and @entity260 (LH, 13%; @entity2145 , 47.8%; p = 0.010) were significantly greater in @entity2145 group. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality and 2-year survival rates between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study shows that LH for @entity157 in properly selected cirrhotic @entity1 results in fewer @entity260 and a shorter hospital stay than the traditional @entity2145 . The 2-year survival rate was the same for LH and @entity2145 .

title: Laparoscopic versus open liver resection for @entity157 in @entity1 with histologically proven XXXX : short- and middle-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'early postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to examine the utility of two-dimensional strain (2DS) or speckle tracking imaging to typify functional adaptations of the left ventricle in variant forms of @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Urban tertiary care academic medical centres. @entity1 : A total of 129 subjects, 56 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ), 34 with @entity101 @entity4346 (H- @entity4346 ), 27 professional @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and 12 healthy controls in sinus rhythm with preserved left ventricular systolic function. METHODS: Conventional echocardiographic and tissue Doppler examinations were performed in all study subjects. Bi-dimensional acquisitions were analysed to map longitudinal systolic strain (automated function imaging, AFI, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA) from apical views. RESULTS: Subjects with @entity1121 had significantly lower regional and average global peak longitudinal systolic strain (GLS-avg) compared with controls and other forms of @entity4346 . Strain dispersion index, a measure of regional contractile heterogeneity, was higher in @entity1121 compared with the rest of the groups. On receiver operator characteristics analysis, GLS-avg had excellent discriminatory ability to distinguish @entity1121 from H- @entity4346 area under curve (AUC) (0.893, p<0.001) or @entity4346 AUC (0.920, p<0.001). Tissue Doppler and LV morphological parameters were better suited to differentiate the athlete heart from @entity1121 . CONCLUSIONS: 2DS (AFI) allows rapid characterisation of regional and global systolic function and may have the potential to differentiate @entity1121 from variant forms of @entity4346 .

title: Two-dimensional strain profiles in XXXX with physiological and pathological hypertrophy and preserved left ventricular systolic function: a comparative analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['athletes with LVH', 'AT-LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the incidence and outcome of post-traumatic (PT) @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ) and @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ) after the advances in haemostatic resuscitation. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study from January 2009-December 2011 involving @entity1 with PT @entity548 . @entity1 ' demographics, fluid resuscitation (<24   h) and damage control laparotomy (DCL), morbidity and mortality were assessed. @entity1 were divided into group 1 (no DCL) and group 2 (DCL needed). Further, group 1 was subdivided into three subgroups (IA pressure (IAP) <12, 12-20 and >20   mmHg). RESULTS: One hundred seventeen @entity1 enrolled in the study (102 in group 1 and 15 in group 2) with a mean age of 35    14, @entity130 score (ISS) of 23    10, base deficit of -8.7    2.7   mmol/L, serum @entity880 of 4.6    2.5   mg/dL and haemoglobin level of 8.8    2. @entity1 received 7    5 red blood cell units, 6    4.7 fresh frozen plasma units and 8.3    3   L of crystalloid per 24   h. There were significant difference between the two groups regarding crystalloid volume, blood transfusion, base deficit and intensive care unit length of stay. However, mortality was higher in group 2 (20% versus 6%). IAP >=  20   mmHg was reported in 16.7% @entity1 , while 25.5% had IAP < 12 and 57.8% had IAP of 12-20   mmHg. @entity1 with IAP > 20 had worse @entity520 and received more blood compared with other groups. One @entity1 died because of @entity8479 (0.9%). Overall multiorgan failure and mortality were 5 and 7.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: With current practice of minimal fluid resuscitation and liberal use of damage control strategies among @entity130 @entity1 , the @entity8479 was common transient phenomena but the incidence of @entity8479 is remarkably low.

title: XXXX in the current era of modern @entity130 resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome', 'intra-abdominal hypertension', 'IAH', 'ACS']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'injury severity']

answer: @entity8479 :: (MESH:D059325,Disease) :: ['Intra-abdominal hypertension']