abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There has been recent interest in barley as a therapeutic food owing to its high content of beta-glucan (b-glucan), a viscous soluble fiber recognized for its @entity165 -lowering properties. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the @entity165 -lowering potential of barley b-glucan on low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (non-HDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk reduction. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane CENTRAL were searched. We included RCTs of    3-week duration assessing the effect of diets enriched with barley b-glucan compared with controlled diets on LDL-C, non-HDL-C or apoB. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed study quality and risk of bias. Data were pooled using the generic inverse-variance method with random effects models and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q-statistic and quantified by the I(2) statistic. RESULTS: Fourteen trials (N=615) were included in the final analysis. A median dose of 6.5 and 6.9   g/day of barley b-glucan for a median duration of 4 weeks significantly reduced LDL-C (MD=-0.25   mmol/l (95% CI: -0.30, -0.20)) and non-HDL-C (MD=-0.31   mmol/l (95% CI: -0.39, -0.23)), respectively, with no significant changes to apoB levels, compared with control diets. There was evidence of considerable unexplained heterogeneity in the analysis of non-HDL-C (I(2)=98%). CONCLUSIONS: Pooled analyses show that barley b-glucan has a lowering effect on LDL-C and non-HDL-C. Inclusion of barley-containing foods may be a strategy for achieving targets in @entity65 risk reduction.

title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the effect of barley b-glucan on LDL-C, non-HDL-C and apoB for XXXX risk reduction(i-iv).

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: During the five-year period 1964-68 96 733 births were registered in the 28 hospitals equipped with maternity facilities in the Uppsala hospital region. Of these babies, 1 636 were born in 818 twin deliveries. Data on gestational age, sex, weight and length at birth, birth order, hospital type, @entity600 and perinatal mortality are analysed. Altogether 17.3 per 1 000 of the @entity1 born during this period were born in multiple births. The perinatal mortality for the twin babies was 64 per 1 000 born, with the mortality higher in the less specialized hospitals than the others. Twin no. 1 suffered perinatal @entity204 in 67 cases per 1 000 and twin no. 2 in 60 cases per 1 000. For twins of primiparae the losses were 92 per 1 000 @entity1 and for twins born to multiparae 51 per 1 000. Altogether 72 per 1 000 male twins died perinatally compared to 52 per 1 000 female twins. The most heavy losses occurred among the low-weight premature twins and in these cases both twins often suffered perinatal @entity204 .

title: Outcome of twin birth. Review of 1,636 XXXX born in twin birth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) have a poor prognosis. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity712 and preserved @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) is increasing. Long term prognosis of @entity712 with preserved @entity1002 may not be so benign. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long term clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity712 and preserved @entity1002 and predictors of outcome. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 309 @entity1 hospitalized with a definite clinical diagnosis of @entity712 . @entity1 were followed for a mean of 6.5 years for clinical outcome. RESULTS: More than a third (36%) of the @entity1 had preserved systolic @entity1002 based on echocardiography. The long term survival rate in this group was poor and not significantly different from @entity1 with reduced @entity1002 (28% vs 23% respectively, P=0.2). The adjusted survival rate by Cox regression analysis was also not significantly different (hazard ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 0.87-1.55, P=0.31). The event free survival from death or @entity712 re-hospitalization was also low in both groups and not significantly different between @entity1 with preserved vs. reduced @entity1002 (12% vs. 10% respectively, P=0.2). Predictors of mortality in @entity1 with preserved @entity1002 were age, functional capacity and serum @entity1133 levels. CONCLUSIONS: The long term clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity712 and preserved @entity1002 is poor and not significantly different from @entity1 with reduced @entity1002 .

title: @entity712 and preserved XXXX : long term clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular function', 'LVF']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular function']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess the types of auras and their associations with the focus of @entity410 in 144 consecutive adult @entity1 with @entity302 refractory to medical treatment. The association of frequency and @entity302 with a @entity146 was also studied. BACKGROUND: The nature of the aura, its association with the @entity410 focus, and its relation with emotions and @entity146 have received relatively little attention, and remain controversial. METHODS: @entity1 were admitted to an @entity302 investigation unit for detailed observation of their @entity410 and @entity302 . @entity1 underwent standard electroencephalographic telemetry, including implanted subdural electrodes, if necessary, to delineate the @entity410 focus. The auras were classified into nine categories. All @entity1 had an independent clinical @entity146 interview for a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Third Edition-Revised (DSM-III-R)-based diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 144 @entity1 studied, 111 (77.1%) had one or more symptoms during the aura and 33 (22.9%) had no aura. The most frequent aura types were viscerosensory (47 cases [32.6%]), experiential (44 cases [30.6%]), and cephalic (21 cases [14.6%]). A temporal lobe focus was present in 116 (80.5%) @entity1 . Only experiential auras were significantly associated with a temporal lobe @entity410 focus (33 of 44 cases). A DSM-III-R @entity146 diagnosis was present in 74 (51.4%) @entity1 . Of the 116 @entity1 with a temporal lobe focus, 60 (50.2%) had a DSM-III-R @entity146 diagnosis. @entity1 with two or more auras were significantly more likely to have a @entity146 diagnosis (70.2%) compared with those with one aura (39.1%) or no aura (48.5%). A significant association between experiential auras and @entity146 morbidity was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Auras occurred in a majority of @entity1 with a treatment-refractory @entity302 who were hospitalized for assessment of their @entity410 focus for possible surgical candidacy. Two or more auras were associated with a @entity146 diagnosis as was the presence of an experiential aura. Experiential auras were most common in @entity1315 . Approximately half the @entity1 , irrespective of @entity410 focus, had an associated @entity146 morbidity.

title: Auras, XXXX focus, and @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorder', 'behavioral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['type of aura', 'epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that blockade of @entity1808 effects during renal development accelerates the aging-related changes in renal hemodynamics and @entity644 , and that these changes are sex dependent. It has also been examined whether the deterioration of urinary concentrating ability elicited by @entity1808 blockade is sex and/or aging dependent. Newborn @entity35 were treated with vehicle or an @entity1129 (1) @entity1808 receptor antagonist ( @entity12335 ) during the first 14 postnatal days. Blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, @entity644 , and urinary concentrating ability in response to dehydration were examined in conscious @entity35 at 3 and 11 mo of age. @entity12335 treatment elicited a similar increment in blood pressure in males and females that was greater (P < 0.05) at 11 than at 3 mo of age. Glomerular filtration rate only decreased (P < 0.05) in 11-mo-old male @entity12335 -treated @entity35 (0.59 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.80 +/- 0.07 ml.min(-1).g(-1) in control group). At 3 mo of age, @entity644 increased in male (107%) but not in female @entity12335 -treated @entity35 . However, at 11 mo of age, @entity644 increased in both sexes, but the increment was greater (P < 0.05) in male (244%) than in female (138%) @entity12335 -treated @entity35 . Renal ability to concentrate urine in response to prolonged water dehydration was only reduced in @entity12335 -treated males. The reduction of urinary concentrating ability was accentuated by aging. Therefore, we conclude that blockade of @entity1808 effects during renal development elicits an important deterioration of cortical and medullary function that is sex and aging dependent.

title: Sex and age differences of renal function in XXXX with reduced @entity1808 activity during the nephrogenic period.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In young adults, hematopoietic bone marrow has usually converted to fatty marrow. Fat hyperintensity on T1-weighted MR images facilitates the evaluation of @entity236 . Our purpose was to compare cranial marrow signal intensity patterns in adults with @entity74 and in healthy subjects. METHODS: MR images in 25 adults with underlying @entity74 ( @entity417 , @entity706 , @entity1778 , or other infiltrative processes) and 44 healthy aged-matched individuals were retrospectively reviewed. Calvarial and clival marrow signal intensity on sagittal T1-weighted images was graded relative to that of orbital fat, @entity62 ( @entity62 ), and @entity62 ( @entity62 ). Marrow was classified as homogeneous (uniformly isointense), diffusely heterogeneous (mottled), or focally heterogeneous (generally isointense with a focal lesion). RESULTS: In 84% of the control subjects, bone marrow was iso- or hyperintense relative to @entity62 . @entity1 had abnormal diploic (n = 22) or clival (n = 17) marrow; 22 had calvarial marrow that was hypointense relative to @entity62 compared with that in seven healthy subjects (P <.001). @entity236 relative to @entity62 was a sensitive (93%) and specific (86%) marker of pathologic abnormality. Although @entity236 relative to @entity62 was specific (96%), it was not sensitive (67%). Calvarial and clival marrow patterns, respectively, were homogeneous in 81% and 64% of control subjects and 76% and 60% of @entity1 . Clival marrow intensity varied more than did calvarial intensity; therefore, clival criteria were less sensitive and accurate in @entity262 . CONCLUSION: Homogeneous @entity236 relative to @entity62 on non-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images suggests an underlying @entity1503 and requires appropriate clinical correlation and evaluation.

title: MR imaging characteristics of cranial bone marrow in adult XXXX with underlying @entity74 compared with healthy control subjects.

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease detection']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or hematologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Marrow hypointensity', 'marrow hypointensity', 'diploic marrow hypointense', 'marrow abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['gray matter', 'white matter', 'GM', 'WM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report on our 5-year experience with the adjustable transobturator male system (ATOMS(  ,) A.M.I., Feldkirch, Austria). METHODS: Between 10-2009 and 10-2014, 54 @entity1 received an ATOMS. The mean follow-up of this retrospective observational trial was 27.5      18.4 (2.3-59)  months. Within each follow-up, the following were evaluated: micturition protocol, 24-h pad count, uroflowmetry and residual volume. Statistical analysis was performed with SigmaPlot(  ) 11.0, p  <  0.05 considered as significant. RESULTS: Stress urinary @entity322 (SUI) I  , II   and III   was seen in 1 (1.9  %), 16 (29.6  %) and 37 @entity1 (68.5  %), respectively. In summary, 48.1  % of the @entity1 became "dry" (0-"safty pad"/day), while 29.6  % achieved at least an "improvement" of about more than 50  % (1-2 pads/day), which corresponds to an overall success rate of 77.7  %. The mean number of pads/day decreased from 7.7 to 1.6. Regarding the initial degree of SUI, @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity322 had a significantly better outcome (p  =  0.002, 95  % CI 0.9066 to 2.760). @entity260 were scaled according to the Clavien classification, in which we have seen 4 grade I-, 1 grade IIIa- and 9 grade IIIb-complications (overall 25.9  %). The evaluation of quality of life by ICIQ-SF showed a significant improvement (p  =  0.0001, 95  % CI -14.56 to -11.75). CONCLUSION: The treatment of male SUI using the ATOMS @entity322 system achieved the best results in @entity1 with mild and moderate @entity322 . For severe incontinent @entity1 , the system represents an efficient alternative.

title: Five-year experience with the adjustable transobturator male system for the treatment of male stress urinary XXXX : a single-center evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity8974 has been shown to be effective in @entity3100 , using different treatment durations. However, no direct comparison of treatment duration has previously been investigated. This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study was designed to assess the effect of @entity8974 treatment duration on the outcome of @entity3100 in a North American population. METHODS: A total of 176 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity3100 were enrolled in this study and treated with oral @entity8974 (3-6 mg/kg/d) for 1, 2, or 4 weeks. All @entity1 were to be followed until week 12. A total of 159 @entity1 had culture-confirmed @entity3100 attributable to Trichophyton species and constituted the intent-to-treat population used for efficacy analysis (50, 55, and 54 @entity1 in the 1-, 2-, and 4-week arms, respectively). RESULTS: At the end of study, effective treatment, defined as negative culture and low scores on signs and symptoms, was achieved in 56%, 69%, and 65% of @entity1 who were treated with @entity8974 for 1, 2, and 4 weeks, respectively. A negative culture was achieved in 60%, 76%, and 72%, respectively. Overall, the efficacy data showed that both the 2- and 4-week treatment regimens are clinically superior to the 1-week regimen. @entity8974 was well tolerated, and the incidence of adverse events showed no relationship to the duration of therapy. CONCLUSION: When efficacy, cost, and compliance are taken into consideration, 2 weeks of @entity8974 therapy appears to be the optimal treatment duration for @entity1 with @entity3100 .

title: @entity8974 in the treatment of XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, duration-finding study.

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['Terbinafine', 'terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['tinea capitis', 'Trichophyton tinea capitis', 'Trichophyton tonsurans tinea capitis']

answer: @entity3100 :: (MESH:D014006,Disease) :: ['Trichophyton tinea capitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Activated microglia play a central role in the inflammatory and excitotoxic component of various acute and chronic @entity16 . However, the mechanisms leading to their activation in the latter context are poorly understood, particularly the involvement of @entity1024 receptors (NMDARs), which are critical for excitotoxicity in neurons. We hypothesized that microglia express functional NMDARs and that their activation would trigger neuronal cell death in the brain by modulating @entity32 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We demonstrate that microglia express NMDARs in the @entity19 and @entity1 central nervous system and that these receptors are functional in vitro. We show that @entity13429 stimulation triggers microglia activation in vitro and secretion of factors that induce cell death of cortical neurons. These damaged neurons are further shown to activate microglial NMDARs and trigger a release of @entity2359 factors from microglia in vitro, indicating that microglia can signal back to neurons and possibly induce, aggravate, and/or maintain @entity16 . Neuronal cell death was significantly reduced through pharmacological inhibition or genetically induced loss of function of the microglial NMDARs. We generated @entity13429 LoxP(+/+) LysM Cre(+/-) @entity19 lacking the @entity13429 subunit @entity13429 in cells of the myeloid lineage. In this model, we further demonstrate that a loss of function of the essential @entity13429 subunit @entity13429 protects from excitotoxic neuronal cell death in vivo and from @entity131 . INTERPRETATION: Our findings link @entity32 and excitotoxicity in a potential vicious circle and indicate that an activation of the microglial NMDARs plays a pivotal role in neuronal cell death in the perinatal and adult brain.

title: Activation of microglial @entity1024 receptors triggers XXXX and neuronal cell death in the developing and mature brain.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: We report on a 33-year-old male @entity1 with generalized @entity6561 , @entity6 and acanthosis nigricans ( @entity751 ). First probable symptoms of @entity6562 ( @entity353 , shrinkage of subcutaneous fatty tissue, and loss of muscular strength) became evident three years ago, with the onset of @entity6 occurring about six months later. The @entity1 suffered from the following clinical symptoms: @entity1723 with increasing insulin-requirement, extreme @entity1560 with elevated liver enzymes, @entity8 , muscular and @entity9 , as well as hypertriglyceridaemia. A basal C-peptide concentration is rather high. Definitely, the endogenous insulin secretion is increased. In other words, insulin resistance is documented. In an effort to identify the pathogenetic mechanisms of @entity6 in this @entity1 and to develop a therapeutic strategy, antibodies against different tissues and endocrinologic regulation were investigated. It was possible to demonstrate the presence of serum autoantibodies against lipocytes of the subcutis and other tissues, against @entity99 cells, together with autoantibodies against different endocrine organs. By studying the basis of @entity6 relating to the @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) dynamics in this @entity1 , i.e. reductions of @entity2124 , @entity442 , @entity5100 , IGF-Binding protein ( @entity10513 and @entity2301 , were detected. An immunosuppressive treatment strategy was not beneficial.

title: Dysregulation of insulin-like growth factors in a case of generalized acquired @entity6 ( XXXX ) connected with autoantibodies against adipocyte membranes.

entities_list: @entity6562 :: ('MESH:D008060', 'Disease') :: ['lipodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity6561 :: ('MESH:C562448', 'Disease') :: ['acquired lipodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['insulin resistant diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic abnormalities', 'diabetes mellitus', 'lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of fatty tissue, fatty liver hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Lawrence Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic stellate']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pains']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['Lawrence Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the chemotherapeutic efficacies of third-generation plus @entity902 doublets in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 1112 @entity1 were diagnosed as advanced @entity1149 at Chinese Academy of Medical Science and @entity5 Hospital from January 2005 to August 2009. Their clinical efficacies and regimen compositions were retrospectively analyzed. All calculations were performed by SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: Differences in objective response rate (ORR) existed among four third-generation agents ( @entity1311 , @entity136 , @entity1206 and @entity1205 ) plus @entity902 doublets. Their ORRs were 35.6%, 35.4%, 25.9% and 37.4% respectively (  (2) = 16.331, P = 0.001). And @entity1206 doublets had the lowest ORR (all P < 0.01). The ORRs of @entity900 and @entity3003 doublets were 35.2% and 33.5% respectively. There was no difference in ORR among them (  (2) = 0.352, P = 0.569). Subgroup analysis showed that the ORRs of four third generation plus @entity902 doublets were 34.8%, 35.3%, 23.2% and 37.1% in non-agers. And the @entity1206 doublets performed the worst. In the @entity1 with @entity1544 , the ORRs of @entity1311 and @entity136 doublets were 45.5% and 28.4% respectively. And the @entity1311 doublets had the better performance (  (2) = 5.250, P = 0.026). When combined with @entity3003 , the ORRs of four doublets were 36.2%, 16.7%, 15.4% and 32.0% respectively. And the @entity1311 regimen was more effective than the @entity136 and @entity1206 regimens (P = 0.018 and P = 0.034). The influences of subsequent therapy were nullified when the progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed. The PFSs of these doublets were (3.67    0.19), (2.95    0.18), (3.05    0.36) and (3.40    0.37) months respectively. There was no difference among them. Pairwise comparisons showed that the mean PFS of @entity1 on @entity1311 doublets was longer than those on @entity136 doublets. And their PFSs were (3.67    0.19) and (2.95    0.18) months respectively (  (2) = 7.037, P = 0.008). The PFSs of @entity900 and @entity3003 doublets were (3.05    0.14) and (3.65    0.20) months respectively. The @entity1 on @entity3003 doublets had a longer PFS than that of those on @entity900 doublets (  (2) = 6.012, P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: No difference exist in ORRs among different third-generation plus @entity902 doublets. But as the first-line treatment of advanced @entity1149 , @entity3003 doublets is superior to @entity900 doublets in terms of PFS.

title: [Efficacy analysis of third-generation plus XXXX doublets in the first-line chemotherapy of advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of lung recruitment maneuver (RM) on hemodynamics and lung structure with sustained inflation (SI) in @entity649 ( @entity649 ) in @entity742 , to look for a safe range of pressure and time of SI. METHODS: Fourteen anaesthetized @entity742 were subjected to lung lavage through a broncho-fibroscope to reproduce @entity649 , and quasi-static pressure-volume (P-V) curves were obtained with low flow technique. The @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) and the @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) were found, and then 5 cm @entity2507 (1 cm H(2)O=0.098 kPa) below @entity1166 , @entity1166 , 10 cm @entity2507 above @entity1166 , 20 cm @entity2507 above @entity1166 as the peak pressure of SI were selected as the test pressure. They were randomized to four groups (U-5, U+0, U+10, U+20). The duration of SI was 60 seconds. Hemodynamics and oxygenation indexes were monitored and recorded during and after SI until the study was terminated 2 hours later, then CT and lung tissue biopsy were performed. RESULTS: Pneumothorax was found in U+20 groups, resulting in the death of @entity742 . Hemodynamics was affected significantly in other groups during SI. In U+10 groups, cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index (CI) were lowered at 15 seconds after RM began, and recovered slowly after RM; in U+0 group and U-5 group, the entire RM could be carried out to the end, and biopsy showed @entity2415 in U+0 group. CONCLUSION: The impairment of the hemodynamics and damage to the lung structure should be prevented when RM is performed in @entity649 @entity1 , and the inflation pressure should be limited within the range of @entity1166 or 5 cm @entity2507 under @entity1166 to avoid adverse effect on hemodynamics.

title: [Experimental study of the safety of sustained inflation strategy in @entity649 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['lower inflection point', 'LIP', 'upper inflection point', 'UIP']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['bullous emphysema']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Focal @entity35281 of the @entity2091 (FFCD) is a rare and benign condition associated with @entity5249 in childhood. The first description was done by Bell in 1985. Since then more than sixty cases have been reported. The aetiology remains unknown. Five new cases are retrospectively reported. Four of them with @entity5249 less than 30 degrees showed a spontaneous correction. One @entity1 had a severe @entity85 (> 30 degrees) leading to physeal impairment and underwent a @entity14953 . Biopsy is not necessary as radiographs are typical. The infantile growth plate is able to correct a @entity5249 due to FFCD if less than 30 degrees. In case of spontaneous resolution, a long-term follow-up remains necessary because of a possible progressive @entity3656 .

title: Focal @entity35281 of the XXXX : long-term evolution.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['leg length discrepancy']

entities_list: @entity14953 :: ('MESH:D060906', 'Disease') :: ['tibial valgus osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity35281 :: ('MESH:C537927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrocartilaginous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['varus deformity']

entities_list: @entity5249 :: ('MESH:C536237', 'Disease') :: ['tibia vara', 'unilateral tibia vara']

answer: @entity2091 :: (MESH:C535563,Disease) :: ['tibia']


abstract: The world-wide diffusion of prenatal ultrasound has encountered local historical, cultural and political particularities. The purpose of this article is to study the varied uses of this technology in cases of detection of a @entity154 , in Rio de Janeiro, in a context of generalized access to ultrasound, restrictive legislation on abortion and major social inequalities. An ethnographic approach was chosen combining from 2009 to 2011, observations of prenatal consultations and interviews with specialist physicians and pregnant @entity1 , in both public and private sector institutions. Analysis of the data allowed us to identify three ideal-typical moments in the trajectory of the pregnant @entity1 when a @entity600 was detected. The first moment occurs before the detection of the @entity154 , when an initial ultrasound is carried out, essentially in private centres. The standardized actions of pregnancy monitoring are performed in the background while practitioners use the technology to support the local culture of praise to motherhood and the family. The second ideal-typical moment shows how detection of an @entity154 leads to fragmentation of the foetus at the public referral centre for @entity600 . But far from depersonalizing the consultation, the formalism of the diagnostic procedure is considered by some professionals as a political lever to empower @entity1 from poor neighbourhoods as they acquire knowledge and comprehension of the situation despite their lack of decisional autonomy. During the third ideal-typical moment, professionals put the data produced by the image into the larger perspective of the logic of care: the focus is no longer on access to knowledge and autonomy, but on the joint collaboration of @entity1 and professionals towards solving the problems of everyday life. The combination of these three moments in time illustrates a process whereby the malformed foetus is humanised, dehumanised and re-humanised with respect to the technological tool.

title: The uses of ultrasonography in relation to XXXX in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomaly', 'foetal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['foetal malformation', 'foetal malformations']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['foetal malformations']


abstract: OBJECT: To determine the feasibility, @entity137 , and potential therapeutic benefits of systemic adoptive immunotherapy, 10 @entity1 with progressive primary or recurrent @entity11 received this treatment. Adoptive immunotherapy, the transfer of immune T lymphocytes, is capable of mediating the regression of experimental @entity1313 in animal models. In animal models, lymph nodes (LNs) that drain the @entity5 vaccine site are a rich source of @entity5 -immune T cells. METHODS: In this clinical study, @entity1 were inoculated intradermally with irradiated @entity5 cells and @entity2841 as an adjuvant. Cells from draining inguinal LNs, surgically resected 7 days after vaccination, were stimulated sequentially with staphylococcal enterotoxin A and anti-CD3, and a low dose of @entity1199 (60 IU/ml) was used to expand the stimulated cells. The maximum cell proliferation was 350-fold over 10 days of culture. The activated cells were virtually all T cells consisting of various proportions of @entity404 and @entity405 cells. These cells were given to @entity1 by intravenous infusion at doses ranging from 9 x 10(8) to 1.5 x 10(11). There were no Grade 3 or 4 @entity137 associated with the treatment. Following T-cell transfer therapy, radiographic regression that lasted at least 6 months was demonstrated in two @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 . One @entity1 demonstrated stable disease that has lasted for more than 17 months. The remaining @entity1 had progressive disease; however, four of the eight @entity1 with @entity5 remain alive more than 1 year after surgery for recurrence. Three @entity1 required intervention with corticosteroid agents or additional surgery approximately 1 month following cell transfer. CONCLUSIONS: These intriguing clinical observations warrant further trials to determine whether this approach can provide therapeutic benefits and improve survival.

title: Systemic T cell adoptive immunotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'autologous tumor', 'recurrent tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: Can we prescribe @entity34 ( @entity34 ) safely for @entity1 , with postmenopausal complaints who were treated for a gynaecological @entity5 ? Only three retrospective studies have investigated this issue in @entity1204 @entity1 . No recurrences or @entity204 occurred in these treated groups. However, the physician introduced bias through the selection of favourable groups. At present, combined @entity172 and progestogen therapy is probably not contra-indicated in @entity1204 and probably also not in stage II, although so far there is only circumstantial evidence. @entity1544 of the cervix, vulva, and vagina are unlikely to be influenced by @entity34 . In the only study available of @entity1 with @entity43 , < or = 50 years, @entity172 replacement therapy did not have a negative influence on (disease-free) survival. According to the data currently available, no evidence exists that @entity34 adversely influences survival and overall survival after treatment for @entity43 . In general, @entity420 of the uterus may be managed such as the @entity420 of the uterus. During the last 25 years, @entity34 has been shown to substantially reduce the risk of @entity65 , @entity3604 and @entity694 . On the other hand there is a significant increase of the risk in @entity0 with prolonged use of > 5 years. Re-evaluation of the current view that @entity34 should no be given to @entity1 treated for a gynaecological @entity5 is strongly warranted after evaluating the advantages and the disadvantages of @entity34 use in each individual @entity1 . Long-term @entity34 in @entity1 treated for a gynaecological @entity5 must be based on the medical history of the individual @entity1 (and her family).

title: Hormone replacement therapy in XXXX treated for gynaecological @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer stage I', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinomas of the cervix and leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HRT', 'hormone replacement therapy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: Infections with Enterohaemorrhagic @entity526 typically occur in @entity1 causing @entity2142 ( @entity2142 ) and neurological symptoms in 20-50 %. Little information is available on the morphology of brain manifestations in adults. The purpose of this study was to identify a characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern during the outbreak of a novel mutation of @entity526 O104:H4. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from two hospitals between May and July 2011. The MRI protocol included standard anatomical, diffusion-weighted, and susceptibility-sensitive sequences. RESULTS: A total of 104 MRIs of 57 (32 female, 25 male) @entity1 (mean 45.5    18.4 years) showed abnormal signal intensity on 51 MRIs (49 %). Bilateral thalamus (39 %), bilateral pons (35 %), centrum semiovale and splenium of corpus callosum (33 %) were most often involved. @entity697 were reversible in 81 % of cases. There was no statistically significant association between symptom onset and the MRI findings (P = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: Neuroimaging findings in this adult @entity1 cohort were non-specific and similar to previous findings in @entity1 . A characteristic neuroimaging pattern of an @entity281 with @entity526 O104:H4 was not identified. However, bilateral symmetric T2 hyperintense lesions of the thalami and dorsal pons characterized by restricted diffusion suggest a metabolic toxic effect of the disease on the brain.

title: Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging findings in adults with @entity2142 following an XXXX with @entity526 , subtype O104:H4.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic uraemic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: Endoscopy in @entity1 is a powerful method for physicians to examine the gut for inflammatory or neoplastic changes. In medical and immunological research, animal models of @entity1944 are established key tools to investigate the mucosal immune system, @entity1960 and @entity5 development in the gut. Moreover, such models represent valid systems for testing of novel drugs. In the past, @entity19 had to be killed in order to analyze @entity1960 activity and @entity5 development. The following protocol describes a method to perform high resolution endoscopic monitoring of live @entity19 . @entity19 developing @entity694 are anesthetized and examined with a miniendoscope. The endoscope is introduced via the anus and the colon is carefully insufflated with an air pump. Endoscopic pictures obtained are of high quality and allow the monitoring and grading of @entity5 and @entity32 . In addition, colonic biopsies can be taken. This protocol can be completed within 1 h.

title: High resolution colonoscopy in live XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colitis or colonic tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: We propose a new method to measure the myocardial FDG uptake during fasting and @entity413 loading in one day, a myocardial FDG-PET one-day protocol, with both 2- and 3-dimensional data acquisition (2D and 3D) without background activity subtraction. To confirm it, we evaluated the effect of scatter correction in the 2D and 3D modes of a PET scanner both in phantom and @entity1 studies. In the phantom study, we used a cardiac phantom with six divided chambers and two cylindrical phantoms placed as the activity outside the field of view. Each chamber was filled with a different concentration of F- 18 solution. Regions of interest (ROI) were placed on a polar map generated from reconstructed images and were compared to the concentration of the solution in each chamber in both 2D and 3D. In the @entity1 study, 10 non- @entity6 @entity1 with @entity453 were studied. Each @entity1 received a myocardial FDG study during fasting (F) and @entity413 loading (L). L images with background subtraction (Lsub(+)) and without background subtraction (Lsub(-)) were compared by polar map analysis. The ROI counts for the true activity in 2D and 3D demonstrated a linear relationship, and quite similar slopes were observed (0.72 in 2D, 0.69 in 3D). The background fraction in Lsub(-) was 3.59+/-1.83%. There were significant differences between Lsub(-) or Lsub(+) and F in both normal and @entity63 myocardium. Scatter correction was successfully performed in both 2D and 3D modes. Background activity is thought to be negligible and this proposed method is simple touse in measuring the myocardial FDG uptake in one day.

title: Myocardial FDG-PET examination during fasting and XXXX loading states by means of a one-day protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: AIM: @entity2314 is considered primarily as a progressive @entity6249 , with @entity8 , brain and heart. Macrovascular involvement in male @entity1 includes an accelerated wall hypertrophy of the radial artery and a thickening of the intima-media of the common carotid artery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and severity of carotid artery @entity731 in hemizygous and heterozygous @entity1 with @entity2314 , compared with a matched control population. METHODS: The common carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of 53 @entity1 with @entity2314 (24 @entity1 , 29 @entity1 ) was measured by high-definition ultrasonography, and the presence or absence of @entity731 reported. Results were compared with those of 120 age-matched healthy individuals (83 @entity1 , 37 @entity1 ). RESULTS: The common carotid artery @entity121 was increased to the same extent in male and female @entity1 with @entity2314 (706+/-211 microm and 749+/-395 microm, respectively) compared with that of the control population (614+/-113 microm). In the @entity2314 , @entity121 did not correlate with either systolic blood pressure or with renal function (plasma @entity1011 ). In the control population, only systolic blood pressure was positively and significantly correlated with @entity121 . @entity731 in the common carotid artery were not observed in any @entity1 with @entity2314 , whereas 34% of the control population had carotid artery plaques, as evidenced by focal non-homogeneous intima-media thickening greater than 1.2 mm. CONCLUSION: This study presents evidence of a major increase in common carotid artery @entity121 , both in hemizygous and heterozygous @entity1 with @entity2314 , in the absence of focal @entity731 . These results suggest that the conduit arteries may be protected from @entity731 in @entity2314 .

title: Increased carotid @entity121 in the absence of @entity731 in an adult population with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic degenerative lesions involving the kidneys']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry population', 'Fabry disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerotic plaques', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Fabry disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrospective analysis of eight new cases of radiation-induced @entity242 following radiotherapy for @entity0 and literature review. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 presenting with radiation-induced @entity242 after radiotherapy for @entity0 have been treated between 1983 and 1997 at Henri Mondor University Hospital (France). Eight of these @entity1 respected the criteria established by Cahan et al. The others had @entity12652 and were thus excluded from the analysis. Only one of the eight @entity1 had received chemotherapy. All of the @entity1 at the time of diagnosis of radiation-induced @entity242 were free of @entity0 recurrence. Radiation-induced @entity242 appeared with a latency period of 5 to 18 years (mean: 10.3 years). @entity1 ' ages ranged from 39 to 88 years (mean: 57.6 years) at the time of diagnosis of @entity242 . Three @entity242 occurred in the treated breast, two in the chest wall, one in the preclavicular area and two in the axillary region. There were two @entity5426 , three @entity1492 , one @entity421 , one @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ), and one @entity3491 . All @entity1 have received treatment for their @entity242 : all of them underwent surgery, one @entity1 combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and three @entity1 chemotherapy. RESULTS: Two @entity1 were alive and free from disease. Six @entity1 died (5-34 months); all six had local and/or metastatic recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy can induce @entity5 after a latent period of several years. Radiation-induced @entity242 are associated with poor overall prognosis. The treatment in most of the cases is late and ineffective, therefore careful follow-up is needed. There are still many uncertainties and questions about radiation-induced @entity242 .

title: [Radiation-induced XXXX after @entity0 . Apropos of 8 cases and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['MFH', 'malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity12652 :: ('MESH:C537491', 'Disease') :: ['Stewart-Treves Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reports in the medical literature have described cases of extended survival of @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with solitary metastatic disease who have received aggressive treatment both to the brain metastasis and to the local/regional disease. The objective of this research is to analyze prognostic factors that predict for outcome in this unique @entity1 population. @entity1 AND METHODS: A single-institution, retrospective chart review was performed on 35 @entity1 with @entity1149 and a synchronous solitary brain metastasis (SSBM) treated with craniotomy and whole-brain radiation therapy. Eight @entity1 (22.9%) had chest surgery, 24 (68.6%) had chemotherapy, and 14 (40%) had thoracic radiation as part of their local management. Fourteen had stage I/II disease (42.9%), and 20 had @entity5 (57.1%). Mean age at diagnosis was 58.5 years. Eighteen @entity1 (56.25%) had a brain metastasis < 3 cm, and 14 @entity1 (43.75%) had a metastasis > 3 cm. RESULTS: Median survival was 7.8 months, and at last follow-up, 3 @entity1 (8.6%) were alive and well, 6 @entity1 (17.1%) were alive and with disease, 24 @entity1 (68.6%) had died of disease, and 2 @entity1 (5.7%) had died of other causes. Univariate analysis demonstrated that lung surgery (P = .0033), primary lung treatment > 8 weeks after brain surgery (P = .0128), and stage I/II disease (P = .0467) were predictive of overall survival. CONCLUSION: Survival remains poor for @entity1 with @entity1149 with an SSBM. However, @entity1 with @entity1514 amenable to local resection should be considered for such therapy because a survival advantage could exist compared with @entity1 with more locally advanced disease.

title: Management and prognosis in synchronous solitary resected brain metastasis from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: To examine @entity1495 activation in a cellular setting we employed cultures of @entity1 @entity5 cells that were induced to produce @entity1495 over a 200-fold concentration range (0.03 to 8.1 nM). The secreted levels of TIMPs in all the induced cultures remain relatively constant at 1-4 nM. Quantitation of the zymogen/active enzyme status of @entity1495 in the cultures indicates that even in the presence of potential activators, the molar ratio of endogenous @entity1495 to @entity2843 dictates whether proMMP-9 activation can progress. When the @entity1495 / @entity2843 ratio exceeds 1.0, @entity1495 activation progresses, but only via an interacting protease cascade involving @entity1351 and stromelysin 1 ( @entity1549 ). @entity1351 , generated by the endogenous plasminogen activator ( @entity11261 ), is not an efficient activator of proMMP-9. @entity1351 , however, is very efficient at generating active @entity1549 from exogenously added proMMP-3. The activated @entity1549 , when its concentration exceeds that to @entity2843 , becomes a potent activator of proMMP-9. Addition to the cultures of already-activated @entity1549 relinquishes the requirement for plasminogen and proMMP-3 additions and results in direct activation of the endogenous proMMP-9. The activated @entity1495 enhances the invasive phenotype of the cultured cells as their ability to transverse basement membrane is significantly increased following zymogen activation. That this enhanced tissue remodeling capability is due to the activation of @entity1495 is demonstrated through the use of a specific anti- @entity1495 -blocking monoclonal antibody.

title: Activation of proMMP-9 by a XXXX / @entity1549 cascade in a @entity5 cell model. Regulation by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases.

answer: @entity1351 :: (5340,Gene) :: ['plasmin']


abstract: @entity18524 acetyltransferase D (VatD) plays a vital rule in streptogramins resistance by chemically inactivating streptogramin A. Therefore, it is desirable to discover novel small molecular weight inhibitors of VatD via state-of-the-art virtual screening techniques. This "cocktail" strategy by combining VatD inhibitor with streptogramins may provide new therapeutic opportunity for resistant bacteria @entity281 . Structure-based virtual screening method (molecular docking) was applied to rank and score a chemical database containing 300 000 commercially available compounds against the VatD substrate binding site. Twenty six out of the 200 top scored compounds from the docking calculation were selected and submitted to the VatD enzymatic inhibition assay. The plasmid pRSET B/vatD was constructed and transformed into @entity526 (trxB) host cells for over-expression, and VatD enzyme was purified and validated by showing acetyltransferase activity to @entity18524 M1. Three out of these 26 tested compounds showed enzymatic inhibition on VatD with IC50 168.6, 91.0 and 55.2 micromol x L(-1), separately. Other compounds could not be dissolved in the system and/or had little effect on the enzyme (IC50 > 200 micromol x L(-1)). To our knowledge, it is first time that small molecular weight organic compounds were identified as VatD inhibitors. It is expected that the VatD inhibitors identified at present study could serve as lead compounds for the further development of the novel therapeutic agents to overcome @entity22282 resistance.

title: Identification of novel inhibitors of the XXXX group A acetyltransferase via virtual screening.

entities_list: @entity18524 :: ('MESH:D014769', 'Chemical') :: ['Virginiamycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity22282 :: ('MESH:D025361', 'Chemical') :: ['streptogramins']

answer: @entity22282 :: (MESH:D025361,Chemical) :: ['streptogramin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dynamics of large nonlinear complex systems, like metabolic networks, depend on several parameters. A metabolic pathway may switch to another pathway in accordance with the current state of parameters in both normal and @entity5 cells. Here, most of the parameter values are unknown to us. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has been developed here for the purpose of modeling metabolic networks by approximating the reasons for the behaviour of a system and applying expert knowledge to track switching between metabolic pathways. The simulation results can track the switching between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, as well as glycolysis and @entity36435 pathways (PPP) in normal cells. Unlike normal cells, @entity2388 kinase (M2 isoform) ( @entity17341 ) switches alternatively between its two oligomeric forms, i.e. an active tetramer and a relatively low activity dimer, in @entity5 cells. Besides, there is a coordination among @entity17341 switching and enzymes catalyzing PPP. These phenomena help @entity5 cells to maintain their high energy demand and macromolecular synthesis. However, the reduction of initial @entity855 ( @entity855 ) to a very low concentration, decreasing initial @entity413 uptake, destroying coordination between glycolysis and PPP, and replacement of @entity17341 by its relatively inactive oligomeric form (dimer) or inhibition of the translation of @entity17341 may destabilize the mutated control mechanism of the @entity1 central @entity505 metabolic (CCM) pathway in @entity5 cells. The performance of the model is compared appropriately with some existing ones.

title: A fuzzy logic controller based approach to model the switching mechanism of the @entity1 central XXXX metabolic pathway in normal and @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity36435 :: ('D010428', 'Chemical') :: ['pentose phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity420 was first described in 1965. Since 1988 these @entity5 have been accepted as an @entity3675 for woodworkers in Italy. There are several underlying reasons why there is interest in studying the ways in which sinonasal @entity420 occur. Often diagnosed at advanced stages of development because their symptoms are non-specific, these @entity5 are associated with a high mortality rate. A multidisciplinary study protocol was developed in this investigation. The aim was to identify the factors and conditions that promote sinonasal @entity5 growth in a population at risk due to occupational exposure to wood dust. Sixty-eight carpenters with a minimum of 10 years exposure to wood dust were studied. The control group comprised 81 volunteers. The @entity1 underwent the following protocol: completion of a case report form, physical examination, evaluation of nasal cavity patency, clinical laboratory tests and histological study of the nasal mucosa. Our study provides significant evidence of the elevated incidence of pavimentous @entity4648 in workers occupationally exposed to wood dust. In addition, it underscores a significant deficit of immunoglobulin A in such workers compared to the controls. However, we did not find, as reported elsewhere in the literature, a statistically significant difference between cases and controls as regards nasal symptoms and @entity450 of the nasal mucosa. Our study showed that, even in the absence of evident sinonasal lesions, it is still possible to determine an increased incidence of morphofunctional changes in subjects occupationally exposed to wood dust. Our findings may lead to the identification of occupational groups prone to elevated risk of the disease.

title: Study of ethmoidal mucosa in a population at occupational high risk of sinonasal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['occupational disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'nasal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Investigating for the first time in Germany Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Fifth Edition ( @entity4987 ) prevalences of adolescent full syndrome, Other Specified Feeding or @entity1277 (OSFED), partial and subthreshold @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ), @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ) and @entity5550 ( @entity5550 ). METHOD: A national school-based cross-sectional survey with nine schools in Germany was undertaken that was aimed at students from grades 7 and 8. Of the 1775 students who were contacted to participate in the study, 1654 participated (participation rate: 93.2%). The sample consisted of 873 female and 781 male adolescents (mean age=13.4   years). Prevalence rates were established using direct symptom criteria with a structured inventory (SIAB-S) and an additional self-report questionnaire ( @entity1277 Inventory 2 (EDI-2)). RESULTS: Prevalences for full syndrome were 0.3% for @entity1278 , 0.4% for @entity1279 , 0.5% for @entity5550 and 3.6% for OSFED-atypical @entity1278 , 0% for @entity1279 (low frequency/limited duration), 0% for @entity5550 (low frequency/limited duration) and 1.9% for @entity74 ( @entity74 ). Prevalences of partial syndrome were 10.9% for @entity1278 (7.1% established with @entity73 only, excluding weight criteria), 0.2% for @entity1279 and 2.1% for @entity5550 , and of subthreshold syndrome were 0.8% for @entity1278 , 0.3% for @entity1279 and 0.2% for @entity5550 . Cases on EDI-2 scales were much more pronounced with 12.6-21.1% of the @entity1 with significant sex differences. CONCLUSIONS: The findings were in accordance with corresponding international studies but were in contrast to other German studies showing much higher prevalence rates. The study provides, for the first time, estimates for @entity4987 prevalences of @entity1277 in adolescents for Germany, and evidence in favour of using valid measures for improving prevalence estimates. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: DRKS00005050; Results.

title: Thinking dimensional: prevalence of @entity4987 early adolescent full syndrome, partial and subthreshold XXXX in a cross-sectional survey in German schools.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['Eating Disorder', 'eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'purging disorder']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: The Danish @entity0 Cooperative Group (DBCG) conducted a randomized trial to compare breast conservation with mastectomy in @entity1 suffering from @entity189 . From January 1983 to March 1989 the trial recruited a total of 1,153 @entity1 . Of these 905 @entity1 (79%) were randomly assigned to one of two treatment options, whereas 248 @entity1 (21%) refused randomization. Of the randomized @entity1 , 90% received the surgical option to which they had been originally assigned. As regards breast conservation, the @entity5 was excised with the object of @entity5 -free margins on gross examination, and radiotherapy was administered subsequently to residual breast tissue. Mastectomy was performed as a modified radical procedure. The axilla was dissected in all instances. @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics were similar in the two random groups. The median follow-up time was 40 months. At 6 years of life table analysis the probability of recurrence free survival was 70% in the breast conservation group compared with 66% in the mastectomy group. Survival figures were 79% compared with 82%, respectively. Short-term follow-up did not disclose any significant difference between results of breast conservation compared with those of mastectomy. On the other hand, in the non-randomized group the @entity1 undergoing breast conservation had a significantly poorer outcome than the @entity1 treated with mastectomy.

title: [A randomized study of @entity5 resection versus mastectomy in XXXX . 2. 6-year results of the DBCG-82TM (Danish @entity0 Cooperative Group) protocol].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was aimed at determining if the frequency and pattern of @entity879 ( @entity879 ) following @entity1508 anaesthesia had decreased during the last 11 years in comparison with a previous series of 48 @entity1 referred between 1965 and 1984 and whether clinical outcome had been altered by the introduction of liver transplantation. METHODS: Between January 1985 and December 1995, all @entity1 with @entity1508 -induced @entity879 admitted to the @entity1578 Unit at King's College Hospital were identified. Four other European liver transplant centres with a known interest in @entity879 also provided data. RESULTS: Of the 18 @entity1 admitted, the clinical data were complete in 15. Ten of these @entity1 had at least one previous @entity1508 anaesthesia with documented clinical complications following the earlier exposure in six. Four @entity1 had been re-exposed to @entity1508 within 1 month of the penultimate @entity1508 anaesthesia. Of the 15 @entity1 four survived with medical management alone and 11 @entity1 fulfilled transplant criteria. Four of the latter group were not listed because of rapidly deteriorating medical state and died, and of the seven @entity1 who were listed, three died without a liver becoming available and four were transplanted, one of whom survived. No @entity1 who had grade 4 @entity75 and a prothrombin time > 50 s survived without a transplant. The survey of the other European liver centres recorded a total of 19 @entity1 with @entity1508 -induced @entity879 including three cases reported in the literature. Of those, 13 @entity1 had been transplanted with nine survivors. CONCLUSION: Cases of @entity1508 -induced @entity879 still occur, albeit at a lower frequency than previously, and the Committee on Safety of Medicines guidelines are not being followed. The results of transplantation in these @entity1 are encouraging.

title: @entity1508 -induced XXXX : continuing occurrence and use of liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ALF', 'acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Failure']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute liver failure']


abstract: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is one of the most common @entity943 in the adult population. @entity2779 is a class 1c antiarrhythmic agent that has an electrophysiologic profile suggesting that it might be potentially effective in recent-onset @entity955 . The present study was undertaken, therefore, to examine the time course as well as the frequency of successful conversion in @entity1 with recent-onset @entity955 treated with @entity2779 administered orally. Fifty @entity1 with recent-onset @entity955 were recruited into 2 groups: 25 @entity1 were given @entity2779 , 150 mg every 4 h, and 25 @entity1 served as a control group and received @entity1855 (a drug known to slow the ventricular response but not to restore sinus rhythm) 40 mg, every 4 h and up to 48 h or until conversion to sinus rhythm occurred. Of the 50 @entity1 , 2 refused to continue the study and another 2 were excluded because of @entity712 . Conversion to sinus rhythm occurred in 21 of 24 @entity1 (87 percent) in the @entity2779 group as compared with 9 of 22 (41 percent) in the @entity1855 group (p < 0.001). In 10 @entity1 in the @entity2779 group, conversion occurred within 12 h, within 24 h in another 9 @entity1 , and between 24 and 48 h in the remaining 2 @entity1 . There was no correlation between the duration of @entity955 prior to entry into the study and the subsequent incidence of and time to conversion with @entity2779 . With respect to cause of @entity955 , all groups showed a high incidence of conversion. Two @entity1 developed @entity712 during treatment and one @entity1 (in the @entity1855 group) developed @entity64 while still having @entity955 . We conclude that in @entity1 with @entity955 , the prognosis for conversion to sinus rhythm within 48 h, with @entity2779 , is excellent (87 percent) and safe.

title: Clinical course of recent-onset @entity955 treated with oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['left heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['Propafenone', 'propafenone']

answer: @entity2779 :: (MESH:D011405,Chemical) :: ['propafenone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6453 (PQ) @entity4968 -induced @entity3794 causes @entity2063 and @entity204 . The therapeutic potential of intravenous Xuebijing therapy in PQ @entity4968 @entity1 and its underlying immunomodulatory effects on @entity2533 and procollagen type III peptide (PIIIP) were investigated. METHODS: Thirty-six acute PQ @entity4968 @entity1 were randomly assigned to conventional therapy (Group A) and intravenous Xuebijing administration plus conventional therapy (Group B). Twenty volunteers served as controls (Group C). Blood samples were collected upon admission (day 0) and at post-treatment days 5, 10, and 14. @entity2533 and PIIIP concentrations were determined by ELISA and analyzed for intra- and inter-group differences over time. One-month follow-up was conducted for determining the mortality rate. RESULTS: @entity2533 and PIIIP levels were significantly higher in PQ @entity4968 @entity1 and increased over time (Groups A and B vs C, P < 0.01). However, the @entity2533 and PIIIP levels were consistently significantly lower in Group B compared with those of Group A (P < 0.01). The 1-month mortality rate was also lower in Group B compared with that of Group A (P < 0.05). PQ @entity4968 @entity1 showed remarkably high levels of @entity2533 and PIIIP, which increased as PQ-induced @entity3794 progressed. CONCLUSION: Treatment with intravenous Xuebijing plus conventional therapy significantly lowered @entity2533 and PIIIP levels, which indicates therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of PQ @entity4968 @entity1 .

title: Therapeutic potential of intravenous Xuebijing on @entity2533 and procollagen type III peptide in XXXX with acute paraquat poisoning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraquat']

entities_list: @entity2063 :: ('MESH:C537571', 'Disease') :: ['asphyxiation']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The probiotic bacterium @entity6374 121 produces two fructosyltransferase enzymes, a levansucrase and an inulosucrase. Although these two fructosyltransferase enzymes share high sequence similarity, they differ significantly in the type and size distribution of fructooligosaccharide products synthesized from @entity969 , and in their activity levels. In order to examine the contribution of specific @entity1522 to such differences, 15 single and four multiple inulosucrase mutants were designed that affected residues that are conserved in inulosucrase enzymes, but not in levansucrase enzymes. The effects of the mutations were interpreted using the 3D structures of @entity3881 levansucrase (SacB) and @entity13376 inulosucrase (InuJ). The wild-type inulosucrase synthesizes mostly fructooligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization of 15 and relatively low amounts of inulin polymer. In contrast, wild-type levansucrase produces mainly levan polymer and fructooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization < 5. Although most of the inulosucrase mutants in this study behaved similarly to the wild-type enzyme, the mutation @entity45787 , at the rim of the active site pocket in loop 415-423, increased the hydrolytic activity twofold, without significantly changing the transglycosylation activity. The septuple mutant GM4 ( @entity45788 , @entity45789 , @entity45787 , @entity45790 , @entity45791 , @entity45792 , @entity45793 ), which included two residues from the above-mentioned loop 415-423, synthesized @entity44627 only, but at low efficiency. Mutation @entity45794 , located behind the general acid/base, increased the enzyme activity two to threefold. Mutation @entity45795 , located adjacent to the +1/+2 sub-site residue R544, resulted in synthesis of not such a wide variety of fructooligosaccharides than the wild-type enzyme. The present study demonstrates that the product specificity of inulosucrase is easily altered by protein engineering, obtaining inulosucrase variants with higher transglycosylation specificity, higher catalytic rates and different fructooligosaccharide size distributions, without changing the b(2-1) linkage type in the product.

title: The role of conserved inulosucrase residues in the reaction and product specificity of XXXX inulosucrase.

entities_list: @entity13376 :: ('33959', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus johnsonii']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6374 :: ('1598', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus reuteri']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

answer: @entity6374 :: (1598,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus reuteri']


abstract: @entity413 -specific enzyme IIA (EIIA(Glc)) is a central regulator of bacterial metabolism and an intermediate in the @entity7954 phosphotransferase system (PTS), a conserved phosphotransfer cascade that controls @entity1735 transport. We previously reported that EIIA(Glc) activates transcription of the genes required for @entity1838 biofilm formation. While EIIA(Glc) modulates the function of many proteins through a direct interaction, none of the known regulatory binding partners of EIIA(Glc) activates biofilm formation. Therefore, we used tandem affinity purification (TAP) to compare binding partners of EIIA(Glc) in both planktonic and biofilm cells. A surprising number of novel EIIA(Glc) binding partners were identified predominantly under one condition or the other. Studies of planktonic cells revealed established partners of EIIA(Glc), such as @entity1920 cyclase and @entity653 kinase. In biofilms, MshH, a homolog of @entity526 CsrD, was found to be a dominant binding partner of EIIA(Glc). Further studies revealed that MshH inhibits biofilm formation. This function was independent of the @entity505 storage regulator (Csr) pathway and dependent on EIIA(Glc). To explore the existence of multiprotein complexes centered on EIIA(Glc), we also affinity purified the binding partners of adenylate cyclase from biofilm cells. In addition to EIIA(Glc), this analysis yielded many of the same proteins that copurified with EIIA(Glc). We hypothesize that EIIA(Glc) serves as a hub for multiprotein complexes and furthermore that these complexes may provide a mechanism for competitive and cooperative interactions between binding partners. IMPORTANCE: EIIA(Glc) is a global regulator of microbial physiology that acts through direct interactions with other proteins. This work represents the first demonstration that the protein partners of EIIA(Glc) are distinct in the microbial biofilm. Furthermore, it provides the first evidence that EIIA(Glc) may exist in multiprotein complexes with its partners, setting the stage for an investigation of how the multiple partners of EIIA(Glc) influence one another. Last, it provides a connection between the @entity7954 phosphotransferase (PTS) and Csr ( @entity505 storage regulator) regulatory systems. This work increases our understanding of the complexity of regulation by EIIA(Glc) and provides a link between the PTS and Csr networks, two global regulatory cascades that influence microbial physiology.

title: @entity413 -specific enzyme IIA has unique binding partners in the XXXX biofilm.

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['vibrio cholerae']


abstract: To examine relationships following adjuvant chemotherapy between circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, regional cerebral metabolism, and @entity73 in early stage @entity0 @entity1 . 33 @entity0 @entity1 who had completed initial treatment (surgery,    radiation, 23 chemotherapy, 10 no chemotherapy) obtained resting @entity419 PET/CT brain imaging at baseline and 1  year later. Pro-inflammatory cytokine markers ( @entity1193 , sTNF-RII, CRP, and @entity650 ) and @entity73 were also assessed at both time points. At baseline, consistent correlations were seen between the left medial frontal and right inferior lateral anterior temporal cortices and inflammatory markers within the chemotherapy group, and not in the no chemotherapy group. After 1  year, correlations persisted in the medial frontal cortex and the temporal cortex, the latter shifting superiorly. Both of these regional correlations demonstrated the highest levels of significance when looking across the 1  year time frame ( @entity1193 : peak voxel p   <   0.0005; cluster size p   <   0.0005, p   =   0.001 after correction (medial prefrontal), p   <   0.0005; cluster size p   =   0.001, p   =   0.029 corr. (anterior temporal), sTNF-RII: p   <   0.0005; cluster size p   =   0.001, p   =   0.040 corr. (medial prefrontal)). Positive correlations were also seen within the chemotherapy group between baseline memory complaints and the medial frontal (p   <   0.0005; cluster size p   <   0.0005, p   <   0.0005 corr.) and anterior temporal (p   <   0.0005; cluster size p   <   0.0005, p   =   0.002 corr.) cortices at baseline and 1  year later. Metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex and anterior temporal cortex was found to correlate with both memory complaints and cytokine marker levels in chemotherapy @entity1 .

title: The association between pro-inflammatory cytokines, regional cerebral metabolism, and @entity73 following adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive complaints']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To elucidate clinicopathological risk factors for intravesical recurrence (IVR) in @entity1 undergoing nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract @entity189 (UUT-UC). METHODS: We identified a study population of 151 consecutive @entity1 without previous or concurrent @entity150 who underwent nephroureterectomy for UUT-UC. IVR was assessed in relation to @entity5 location, size, and multifocality, operation modality and time, stage, grade, @entity3 , regional lymph node @entity3 , preoperative urinary cytology, and perioperative chemotherapy. The median follow-up time was 24 months. RESULTS: Of 151 @entity1 , 51 (34%) developed IVR after nephroureterectomy, and 50 (98%) of the @entity1 presented with IVR within 2 years. @entity5 multifocality and site (located in ureter) were determined as risk factors for IVR by univariate analysis. In a multivariate analysis, only @entity5 multifocality (relative risk: 4.024, p = 0.001) was an independent predictor of IVR. Ten-year cancer-specific survival rates for the @entity1 with and without IVR were 68 and 52%, respectively (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 multifocality is a significant risk factor in developing IVR after surgery for UUT-UC. These results indicate that despite most IVR occurring within 2 years of treatment, it is necessary to follow such @entity1 more closely using cystoscopy. However, IVR is unlikely to indicate a poorer prognosis.

title: Intravesical recurrence after surgical management of XXXX of the upper urinary tract.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Doppler ultrasound examination has become an established method of clinical surveillance in high-risk pregnancies. Doppler indication of fetal @entity75 ( @entity75 ) is an acknowledged sign of circulation redistribution during chronic @entity519 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between placental vascular resistance and signs of @entity75 in @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) blood flow velocity. METHODS: The @entity2500 , uterine artery, and umbilical artery (UA) were located by color Doppler ultrasound in 103 high-risk pregnancies at risk for intrauterine @entity7396 . The blood velocity spectrum was analyzed for the following parameters: pulsatility index (PI) and signs of notching in the uterine arteries. Z-score was calculated for the @entity2500 PI. RESULTS: Signs of @entity75 in the @entity2500 were correlated to increased placental vascular impedance. The degree of @entity75 in the @entity2500 expressed as Z-scores was correlated to increasing vascular impedance, both in the umbilical and uterine arteries, and to adverse outcome of pregnancy. The greatest deviation in @entity2500 PI Z-scores was seen in preterm pregnancies. CONCLUSION: A clear correlation exists between increasing placental vascular impedance and @entity75 in the @entity2500 . Preterm pregnancies express the greatest deviation from the mean @entity2500 PI.

title: Fetal XXXX is strongly related to the degree of increased placental vascular impedance.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['BS', 'brain sparing']

entities_list: @entity7396 :: ('MESH:D005311', 'Disease') :: ['fetal hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA', 'middle cerebral artery']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain sparing']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify the incidence and the success of endourologic therapy for symptomatic bladder-related calculi in simultaneous kidney-pancreas (SPK) transplant @entity1 with bladder drainage. METHODS: A retrospective review of 300 SPK transplant @entity1 with bladder drainage, treated at the University of Wisconsin, Madison from December 1985 to November 1995, is presented. A 3% incidence of @entity3226 was identified. All @entity1 underwent cystolitholapaxy using electrohydraulic lithotripsy and endoscopic suture removal. Follow-up ranged from 15 to 86 months. RESULTS: A 100% stone-free rate was achieved after cystolitholapaxy and endoscopic suture removal. Two @entity1 (22%) developed postprocedural @entity293 . No @entity532 were identified. CONCLUSIONS: SPK transplant @entity1 with nonabsorbable sutures used for the duodenocystotomy @entity254 are at an increased risk for @entity3226 . Cystolitholapaxy with electrohydraulic lithotripsy is a safe and effective treatment for these suture-related stones.

title: Endourologic therapy of XXXX in simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['bladder calculi']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['pancreaticoduodenocystotomy leaks or further complications']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity3226 :: (MESH:D001744,Disease) :: ['bladder calculi']


abstract: @entity1580 ( @entity1580 ) associated with @entity337 ( @entity337 ) is a rare involvement in @entity12040 . There are many difficult problems in surgical treatment of this lesion because of its inflammatory nature. We developed a composite graft repair technique to avoid complications associated with Bentall type procedures for treatment of @entity1580 + @entity337 . The technique consists of a double proximal suturing and direct coronary artery reimplantation as a Carrel patch without wrapping. Eight @entity1 (one male, seven females) received this composite graft repair for treatment of @entity1580 + @entity337 due to @entity12040 . Of them, two @entity1 were in active phase. There was one hospital @entity204 probably due to @entity943 , however, no late @entity204 occurred. And there were no late complications related to operative procedures. Thus, our composite graft repair technique for treatment of @entity1580 + @entity337 in @entity12040 can prevent major complications associated with Bentall type procedures. However, close serial follow-up, careful control of @entity32 , and early detection and treatment of other @entity455 are necessary in the postoperative management of @entity1 with @entity12040 .

title: Surgical treatment for @entity1580 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular involvements']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['Annuloaortic ectasia', 'AAE']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu arteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 @entity281 are the predominant cause of the common cold and are associated with exacerbations of @entity565 . @entity842 (NO) may play an important role in host defense by means of its potent antiviral properties. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether epithelial expression of type 2 @entity842 synthase ( @entity3623 ), which produces NO, is induced on @entity281 in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Primary cultures of @entity1 airway epithelial cells were infected with HRV-16, and @entity3623 mRNA expression was assessed by conventional and real-time RT-PCR and @entity3623 protein by using Western blot analysis. @entity1 subjects were also infected with HRV-16 in vivo, and mRNA for @entity3623 was assessed in nasal epithelial scrapings obtained before and after @entity281 . RESULTS: @entity3623 mRNA levels increased within 8 hours after HRV-16 @entity281 of cultured cells and remained elevated up to 48 hours after @entity281 . @entity3623 protein was elevated at 24 hours. Induction of @entity3623 did not occur with UV-inactivated HRV-16 but could be reproduced by using double-stranded RNA, indicating that induction was dependent on viral replication. Increased @entity3623 expression was also observed in nasal epithelial scrapings during symptomatic colds. CONCLUSION: Increased epithelial expression of @entity3623 mRNA occurs as part of the host response to @entity281 in vitro and in vivo. Given the antiviral effects of NO, we speculate that increased host production of NO may play an important role in host defense during @entity281 .

title: @entity281 induces expression of type 2 XXXX synthase in @entity1 respiratory epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HRV infection', 'rhinovirus infection', 'rhinovirus (HRV) infections', 'HRV infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity20530 agonists (beta2-agonists) are shown to inhibit airway microvascular leakage in experimental animals. This effect may change in animals with @entity32 . OBJECTIVE: We examined whether inhaled beta2-agonists inhibit microvascular leakage in @entity840 airways with @entity32 . METHODS: Three weeks after the sensitization with ovalbumin (OA; 6 mg/mL), each @entity840 was challenged with inhaled OA once a day for 1 or 3 weeks. Control animals without sensitization with OA also inhaled vehicle for OA (saline) for 3 weeks. One day after the last challenge, different doses of inhaled @entity11610 (1, 3 or 10 microg/mL) or vehicle was given to animals for 10 min after an anaesthesia. Fifteen minutes after the end of inhalation, the animals were given i.v. @entity5934 ( @entity5934 ; 20 mg/kg), a marker of microvascular leakage, and then i.v. @entity112 (3 or 30 microg/kg) or vehicle. Lung resistance, a parameter of airflow obstruction, was measured for 6 min and the lungs were removed to calculate the amount of extravasated @entity5934 into the airways. RESULTS: A significant increase in eosinophil infiltration into the airways was seen in sensitized and challenged animals compared with control animals without sensitization. Among animals receiving antigenic exposure for either 0 (control), 1 or 3 weeks, 10 microg/mL @entity11610 significantly inhibited 30 microg/kg @entity112 -induced increase in @entity5934 extravasation to a similar degree (ranged from 28.7 to 69.8% inhibition) as well as that in lung resistance (more than 90% inhibition in all groups). The minimal dose of @entity11610 to inhibit 3 microg/kg @entity112 -induced microvascular leakage was not different between nonsensitized control animals and those sensitized and challenged for 3 weeks at all airway levels. CONCLUSION: Inhaled @entity20530 agonists may be also potent in attenuating microvascular leakage even in the airways with @entity32 .

title: Inhaled @entity11610 inhibits @entity112 -induced airflow obstruction and microvascular leakage in XXXX airways with @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic airway inflammation', 'chronic allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity11610 :: ('MESH:D017265', 'Chemical') :: ['procaterol']

entities_list: @entity5934 :: ('MESH:C536380', 'Disease') :: ['Evans blue dye', 'EB dye']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity20530 :: ('100722663', 'Gene') :: ['Beta2-adrenoceptor', 'beta2-adrenoceptor']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: AIM: To describe the epidemiology, management, and rate of cardiac sequelae of @entity573 in Australia. DESIGN: Cases were notified to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, an active national surveillance scheme, from May 1993 to June 1995. RESULTS: 139 cases of @entity573 were confirmed. In 1994, the annual incidence was 3.7/100,000 @entity1 < 5 years old. Sixteen @entity1 were not admitted to hospital. @entity453 were reported in 35 (25%) @entity1 . Two @entity1 were diagnosed at postmortem examination. Sixty six per cent of @entity1 were diagnosed within 10 days of onset and 81% of these received intravenous gammaglobulin within 10 days. Forty five of the notified @entity1 did not fulfil the study criteria because of @entity883 or insufficient clinical criteria. One @entity1 with @entity883 had @entity453 . CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of @entity573 was delayed beyond 10 days in one third of @entity1 , and almost 20% of @entity1 who could have received gammaglobulin within 10 days did not. The distinction between @entity573 , @entity883 , and other possible diagnoses is problematic in some @entity1 .

title: XXXX in Australia, 1993-95.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery abnormalities', 'coronary artery dilatation']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is the most important disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and is recommended by national and international guidelines as the first choice for treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Recent studies reporting prescription data of @entity1500 captured only @entity1 who were treated by rheumatologists. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyse several aspects of the prescription of @entity1500 based on claims data. Outpatient and inpatient diagnoses as well as prescription data was available for 9579 @entity309 @entity1 for the years 2005-2008. Of the @entity1 45% were treated exclusively with parenteral @entity1500 , 8% were treated exclusively with oral @entity1500 and 48% switched between both forms of application. The average weekly dosage presribed in 70% of the @entity1 was between 10 and 25  mg. The most common DMARD combination was @entity1500 plus @entity6963 with 16%. In 16% @entity309 @entity1 were treated with a combination of @entity1500 and @entity310 inhibitors. Glucocorticoids were prescribed temporarily in 81% together with @entity1500 and supplementation with @entity1501 was given only in 65%. The results of this study provide important insights into the drug supply of @entity1500 to @entity309 @entity1 in the German statutory health care sector. In particular, the high frequency of prescriptions of parenteral @entity1500 and the inadequate prescription of @entity1501 are different from the recently published multinational recommendations of the 3E initiative for the use of @entity1500 .

title: [Therapy of @entity309 with XXXX . Claims data analysis of treatment patterns].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical and prognostic impact of immunohistochemically assessed @entity2290 and @entity2289 in @entity1 with @entity356 . METHODS: This prospective study analyzed specimens obtained from 105 @entity356 @entity1 who underwent gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy. The immunohistochemical expression of @entity2290 and @entity2289 was studied semiquantitatively in the @entity5 epithelium and was correlated with the clinicopathological features of each @entity1 . RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed no statistically significant association of @entity2290 levels with pT and pN category (p=0.655 and 0.053, respectively), grading (p=0.374), depth of @entity5 invasion (p=0.665), UICC classification (p=0.21) and the Laur  n classification (p=0.578). @entity2289 expression showed no statistically significant correlation with pT, pN and M category (p=0.589, 0.414, and 0.167, respectively), grading (p=0.273), and the Laur  n classification (p=0.368). Only the UICC classification was significantly correlated with @entity2289 (p=0.016). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant association of @entity2290 and @entity2289 with overall survival (p=0.0929 and 0.0870, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our results could not verify any prognostic value of @entity2290 and @entity2289 levels in @entity1 with @entity356 . Therefore, the @entity2290 -system as a biologically defined prognostic marker to identify high-risk @entity356 should be applied with caution. However, considering the number of @entity1 involved and the borderline level of significance observed in this study, a larger number of events may have resulted in significant differences.

title: Is the XXXX system a reliable prognostic factor in @entity356 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity2290 :: (5328,Gene) :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator']


abstract: We have recently shown that maternal food restriction during late pregnancy decreased beta-cell mass in the offspring at birth. Prolonged maternal @entity3147 until weaning led to irreversible decrease of beta-cell mass in the adult male progeny. During pregnancy, the maternal endocrine pancreas demonstrates an acute and reversible increase in beta-cell mass. The aim of this work was to investigate whether perinatal @entity3147 could have long-lasting effects on @entity413 homeostasis and the adaptation of the endocrine pancreas to a subsequent pregnancy. This study was conducted on 4- and 8-month-old female @entity35 malnourished during their perinatal life and on age-matched control animals. Oral @entity413 tolerance tests (OGTT), pancreatic insulin content, and islet mass quantitation after @entity8059 staining were performed on the same animals. Four-month-old nonpregnant previously malnourished animals showed normal @entity413 tolerance but a significant decrease in insulin secretion during OGTT. These animals were, however, still able to adapt pancreatic insulin contents and doubled their islet mass in late gestation. At 8 months of age, insulin content before pregnancy was reduced to half that of controls. Moreover, it did not show the characteristic increase during gestation that could still be observed in pregnant control females. In those control animals, the islet mass increased regularly until late gestation (14.1+/-1.8 mg at day 20.5, vs. 9.8+/-1.2 mg, nonpregnant), whereas in previously malnourished animals the islet mass remained throughout pregnancy similar to the nonpregnant values (8.5+/-1.4 mg at day 20.5 vs. 8.9+/-3.6 mg, nonpregnant). In conclusion, early @entity3147 has dramatic consequences on the capacity of the endocrine pancreas to meet the @entity101 during pregnancy and aging.

title: Age-dependent inability of the endocrine pancreas to adapt to pregnancy: a long-term consequence of perinatal @entity3147 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8059 :: ('MESH:D004230', 'Chemical') :: ['dithizone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin demand']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']