abstract: OBJECTIVES: Burst @entity602 ( @entity602 ) has been reported to @entity615 and improve functional capacity in @entity11252 ( @entity11252 ). However, its mechanism of action is not completely understood. Systemic circulating cytokines have been associated with the development of @entity615 . METHODS: This prospective, feasibility study enrolled 12 refractory @entity11252 @entity1 with @entity615 (70% of @entity158 ) suitable for Burst @entity602 . Back and leg @entity158 intensity (back @entity158 [VASB ]/leg @entity158 [VASL ]), functional capacity (sleep quality [PSQI]), @entity308 (BDI), body weight, stimulation parameters, and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory ( @entity1356 ; @entity310 ; @entity518 )/anti-inflammatory ( @entity688 ) cytokines were collected at baseline and after three months of Burst @entity602 and compared to healthy controls. RESULTS: @entity158 intensity (pre VASB : 8.25        0.75 vs. post 1.42        1.24) and functional capacity (PSQI: pre 7.92        3.92 vs. post 3.42        1.24; BDI: pre 20.83        3.56 vs. post 10.92        0.75) significantly improved compared to baseline. Pro-inflammatory @entity518 remained unchanged (preburst: 3.35        3.25 vs. postburst: 3.78        3.83 ng/mL; p   =   0.27; W   =   -30) versus the HC group (2.53        2.6 ng/mL; p   =   0.47; U   =   59), while anti-inflammatory @entity688 levels were significantly elevated after burst @entity602 as compared to baseline (preburst 12.54        22.95 vs. postburst 43.16        74.71 pg/mL; p   =   0.03; W   =   -48) and HC group (HC: 7.03        11.6 vs. postburst 43.16        74.71 pg/mL; p   =   0.03; W   =   -48; p   =   0.04). Baseline preburst @entity688 values and preburst VASB significantly correlated (Spearman correlation r   =   -0.66; p   =   0.05; 95 CI -0.86 to -0.24), while correlation was not significant between postburst @entity688 values and postburst VASB (Spearman correlation r   =   -0.49; p   =   0.18; 95 CI -0.83 to -0.15). Postburst @entity688 values correlated significantly with postburst PSQI scores (Spearman correlation r   =   -0.66; p   =   0.05; 95 CI -0.86 to -0.24), while no correlation was found between preburst and postburst changes related to the BDI. CONCLUSIONS: Burst @entity602 increased systemic circulating anti-inflammatory @entity688 , improved @entity11252 back @entity158 associated co-morbidities like disrupted sleep architecture and @entity308 in @entity11252 @entity1 . Thus, suggesting a possible relationship between burst @entity602 and burst-evoked modulation of peripheral anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity688 in @entity615 .

title: Burst Spinal Cord Stimulation Increases Peripheral Antineuroinflammatory @entity688 Levels in XXXX @entity1 With @entity615 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['reduce back pain', 'chronic back pain', 'predominant back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and back pain', 'Pain', 'overall pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['FBSS', 'Failed Back Surgery Syndrome']

answer: @entity11252 :: (MESH:D055111,Disease) :: ['Failed Back Surgery Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity2023 uncontrolled by conventional medication can substantially affect quality of life. Immunotherapy involves administering increasing doses of a specific allergen, with the aim of reducing sensitivity and symptomatic reactions. Recent meta-analyses have concluded that both @entity9285 ( @entity9285 ) and @entity13366 ( @entity13366 ) are more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms. It is uncertain which route of administration is more effective and whether or not treatment is cost-effective. OBJECTIVE: To determine the comparative clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of @entity9285 and @entity13366 for @entity2023 in adults and @entity1 . DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases {MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library [Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)], @entity9462 Economic Evaluation Database ( @entity9462 EED)} and trial registries (from inception up to April 2011). REVIEW METHODS: Standard systematic review methods were used for study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled trials of @entity9285 or @entity13366 , or of @entity9285 compared with @entity13366 , and economic evaluations were included. Meta-analysis and indirect comparison meta-analysis and meta-regression were carried out. A new economic model was constructed to estimate cost-utility. RESULTS: Meta-analyses found statistically significant effects for @entity9285 and @entity13366 compared with placebo across a number of outcome measures and for the vast majority of subgroup analyses (type and amount of allergen, duration of treatment). There was less evidence for @entity1 , but some results in favour of @entity13366 were statistically significant. Indirect comparisons did not provide conclusive results in favour of either @entity9285 or @entity13366 . Economic modelling suggested that, when compared with symptomatic treatment (ST), both @entity9285 and @entity13366 may become cost-effective at a threshold of   20,000-30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) from around 6 years, or 5 years for @entity9285 compared with @entity13366 ( @entity9462 and @entity1 perspective). LIMITATIONS: It is uncertain to what extent changes in the outcome measures used in the trials translate into clinically meaningful benefits. Cost-effectiveness estimates are based on a simple model, limited data and a number of assumptions, and should be seen as indicative only. CONCLUSIONS: A benefit from both @entity9285 and @entity13366 compared with placebo has been consistently demonstrated, but the extent of this effectiveness in terms of clinical benefit is unclear. Both @entity9285 and @entity13366 may be cost-effective compared with ST from around 6 years (threshold of   20,000-30,000 per QALY). Further research is needed to establish the comparative effectiveness of @entity9285 compared with @entity13366 and to provide more robust cost-effectiveness estimates. FUNDING: The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

title: A systematic review and economic evaluation of subcutaneous and sublingual allergen immunotherapy in adults and @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous immunotherapy', 'SCIT']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity13366 :: ('MESH:D013362', 'Disease') :: ['SLIT', 'sublingual immunotherapy']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quality of life has been assessed in a large, multicentre randomized, open label study. AIM: To evaluate the economic and clinical consequences of two different maintenance treatment modalities, administered to 6017 @entity354 @entity1 at 451 gastroenterological centres in Italy. METHODS: Adult @entity354 @entity1 received, at enrolment, an acute treatment of @entity1537 40 mg/day for 4 weeks and, if successfully treated, were randomized into two maintenance treatment strategies: @entity1537 20 mg/day or @entity1537 on demand for 6 months. A baseline endoscopy allowed the exclusion of grade II-IV @entity354 according to Savary-Miller's classification. Burden of @entity354 was measured at baseline by the generic questionnaire Short-Form 36 and by a disease specific instrument, quality of life in reflux and @entity2210 (QOLRAD), also administered at start and conclusion of maintenance period. Investigators were required to collect @entity1 judgement about the degree of satisfaction with treatment effect on heartburn, with a 7-point scale. RESULTS: A comparison between Short-Form 36 scores and the normative source of the Italian general population suggested that symptomatic @entity354 @entity1 experience a worse quality of life than the general population. At the end of the 4-week treatment with @entity1537 40 mg all (QOLRAD) dimensions showed a statistically significant (P < 0.0001) and clinically meaningful improvement. Satisfaction level towards treatment was reported high in the total enrolled population after acute treatment with @entity1537 40 mg/day (96.2% satisfied and 64.4% very satisfied). A statistically significant difference in (QOLRAD) scores was registered at the end of maintenance phase in favour of the continuous regimen, nevertheless the size of this difference was very small in all dimensions; similarly, the proportion of @entity1 very satisfied was slightly higher in the continuous treatment arm (64.5%) than in the on-demand arm (59.7%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity354 can significantly impair health-related quality of life and @entity1537 therapy allows immediate relief in the acute phase of the disease. Quality of life improvement was maintained during the 6-month follow-up with a slight difference in term of quality of life in reflux and @entity2210 scores and @entity1 ' satisfaction in favour of the continuous treatment strategy.

title: Quality of life in acute and maintenance treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease', 'gastro-oesophageal reflux disease', 'oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['non-erosive and mild erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: Coexistence of @entity1582 and @entity2590 was noted in a @entity1 without history of exposure to cytotoxic drugs. A 73-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of @entity221 and @entity1353 on exertion. A complete blood count revealed @entity17443 with hemoglobin 7.1 g/dl, RBC 191 x 10(4)/microliters and MCV 111.2 fl. WBC was 6,000/microliters, with normal differentials. Bone marrow showed @entity1373 with M/E ratio of 1.36. There were marked tri-lineage cellular abnormalities, which included @entity8117 changes, multinucleated erythroblasts, @entity6415 of neutrophils, giant neutrophils, and giant platelets. Ringed-sideroblasts were demonstrated in 20% of the erythroblasts. These findings were compatible with @entity2590 . Although plasma cells accounted for only 9.7% of the nucleated marrow cells, there were many immature plasma cells with inclusion bodies, and the @entity1 showed lambda-light chain type @entity1581 with corresponding Bence Jones protein. Immuno-histochemical staining of the bone marrow biopsy specimen revealed monoclonal growth of lambda-positive plasma cells. A punched-out lesion of the skull eventually developed. These findings suggest existence of @entity1582 . There have been some reports of coexistence of @entity2590 and @entity1582 ; supporting the idea of pluripotent stem cell origin of the disease. This is the first documentation of such a case in Japan.

title: [Coexistence of @entity1582 and primary XXXX ( @entity2590 )].

entities_list: @entity17443 :: ('MESH:D000748', 'Disease') :: ['macrocytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['hypersegmentation']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['erythroid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8117 :: ('MESH:D000749', 'Disease') :: ['megaloblastic']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2098 Background: BMS 2247550 (BMS) is a semi-synthetic analog of the natural non- @entity3907 product @entity14514 , one of a new class of tubulin polymerizing agents. Preliminary trials demonstrate BMS has a broad range of anti- @entity5 activity. Based on our previous study evaluating @entity136 and @entity1205 we have pursued the investigation of @entity136 with this promising micro-tubulin stabilizer. METHOD: phase I trial to establish MTD and evaluate pharmacokinetics of BMS over 3 hours day 8 with @entity14113 infused over 90 minutes day 1 and 8 of 21 day cycle. @entity1 (pts) were evaluated for response via RECIST criteria. To date 18 pts (median age 63 years [range 46-75]; Male 7: Female 11; median @entity13769 ) have been treated with various solid @entity5 at 3 dose levels. A total of 44 cycles have been given with median = 2. RESULTS: 6 pts were initially treated at dose level 1(BMS/ @entity14113 20/900 mg/m(2)). Three pts were treated at dose level 2(BMS/ @entity14113 30/900 mg/m(2)): 2 pts experienced gr (grade) 4 @entity1398 , but did not have @entity221 or require hospitalization. Of the 2 pts with DLT hematologic ( @entity1446 ) @entity137 , 1 also experienced @entity6408 ALT elevations after cycle 1. Thus, level 1 was expanded to 9 pts and determined to be MTD. Of these 9 pts at level 1 @entity1446 @entity137 was notable for gr4 @entity1398 : 2, @entity6408 @entity1398 : 4, @entity6408 @entity882 : 3 and non @entity1446 @entity137 : gr4 constipation:1, @entity6408 @entity648 :1, gr4 constipation:1. One @entity1 had a severe @entity56 to BMS associated with reversible EKG changes, @entity662 and negative cardiac work up. Four pts were treated at level 3(BMS/ @entity14113 30/750 mg/m(2)): 1 pt experienced gr4 @entity1446 @entity137 ( @entity1398 and @entity882 ) and 2 pts experienced @entity6408 @entity1446 @entity137 ( @entity1398 ). 1 @entity1 was admitted for @entity221 without @entity1398 . Of 12 evaluable pts, 5 (1 @entity1822 , 2 ovarian, 2 uterine) demonstrated stable disease. No partial responses have been observed. In addition, 2 pts with @entity43 followed with @entity75 and CA125 elevation had > 50% decrease in their CA125. CONCLUSION: This promising trial continues to accrue. Updated information and pharmacokinetic data will be presented. (NCI sponsored trial) [Table: see text].

title: Phase I trial of BMS-247550 and @entity136 in @entity1 with advanced solid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['non-evaluable lesions']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity14514 :: ('MESH:C093788', 'Chemical') :: ['Epothilone B']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor malignancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: Left ventricular (LV) torsion is an important parameter of LV performance and can be influenced by several factors. Aim of this investigation was to evaluate whether QRS prolongation in @entity714 ( @entity714 ) may influence global LV twist and twisting/untwisting rate in chronic @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 . METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 30 healthy subjects (control group) and 100 chronic @entity712 @entity1 with severely impaired LV systolic function (ejection fraction  <=35%). @entity1 were divided into three groups according to QRS duration: A: QRS  <  120  ms (n 49), B: 120   <=  QRS   <=  150  ms (n 28) and C: QRS  >  150  ms (n 23). @entity1 in groups B and C presented @entity714 . All subjects underwent standard trans-thoracic echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography evaluation. Categorical variables were compared by the chi-square or the Fisher's exact test. Continuous variables were compared using the ANOVA test. Correlations between variables were analysed with linear regression. RESULTS: Control subjects presented higher torsion parameters, when compared with @entity1 in any @entity712 group. Among the three @entity712 groups, no differences were detected in global twist (4  79      3  54, 3  8      3  0 and 4  15      3  14 degrees, respectively), twist rate max (44  81      25  03, 37  94      19  09 and 37  61      24  49  degrees  s(-1) , respectively) and untwist rate max (-36  31      30  89, -27  68      34  67 and -39  62      26  27  degrees  s(-1) , respectively) (P>0  05 for all). At linear regression analysis, there was no relation between QRS duration and any torsion parameter (P>0  05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with chronic severe @entity712 , QRS duration and @entity714 morphology do not affect LV twisting and untwisting.

title: QRS duration in @entity714 does not affect left ventricular twisting in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'systolic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block', 'LBBB']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['systolic heart failure']


abstract: Many cross-sectional studies have demonstrated the influences of fitness level or the regional distribution of fat on lipid and @entity1735 metabolism; however, the relative contribution of these two variables in the same subjects has not been extensively examined. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of regional adiposity on plasma lipids and @entity1735 metabolism in middle- to older-aged @entity1 with a wide range of fitness levels. Forty-six sedentary and exercise-trained @entity1 (age [mean +/- SE], 52.8 +/- 0.88 years) were included in this study. Fitness level was assessed by (a) time to exhaustion, and (2) maximal @entity26 uptake achieved during an incremental treadmill test. Plasma lipid levels were determined in the basal, fasting state. @entity1735 metabolism was evaluated by the @entity413 and insulin responses (total @entity413 and insulin areas under the curve, insulin sensitivity index [ISI]) to a 75-g, 2-hour oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT). Abdomen to hip ratio (AHR) was used as the index of regional adiposity. Multiple regression analysis indicated that fitness level and the percentage of body fat were significant predictors (approximately 56% of total variance) for total insulin area under the curve and the ISI. A comparison between the sedentary and trained subjects showed that training resulted in an improved ISI at an equal AHR. Fitness level was also the only significant multiple regression predictor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 (25% of total variance) and accounted for the greatest amount of variance in @entity412 levels (34%), although AHR was also a significant predictor (6%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of fitness level and the regional distribution of fat on @entity1735 metabolism and plasma lipids in middle- to older-aged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The myc family of protooncogenes encode similar but distinct nuclear proteins. Since @entity10674 , c-myc, and @entity60260 have been found to be expressed in the newborn kidney, we studied their expression during @entity19 kidney development. By organ culture studies and in situ hybridization of tissue sections, we found that each of the three members of the myc gene family shows a remarkably distinct expression pattern during kidney development. It is known that mesenchymal stem cells of the embryonic kidney convert into epithelium if properly induced. We demonstrate the @entity10674 expression increases during the first 24 h of in vitro culture as an early response to induction. Moreover, the upregulation was transient and expression levels were already low during the first stages of overt epithelial cell polarization. In contrast, neither c-myc nor @entity60260 were upregulated by induction of epithelial differentiation. c-myc was expressed in the uninduced mesenchyme but subsequently became restricted to the newly formed epithelium and was not expressed in the surrounding loose mesenchyme. At onset of terminal differentiation c-myc expression was turned off also from the epithelial tubules. We conclude that @entity10674 is a marker for induction and early epithelial differentiation states. That the undifferentiated mesenchyme, unlike stromal cells of later developmental stages, express c-myc demonstrates that the undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells are distinct from the stromal cells. The most astonishing finding, however, was the high level of @entity60260 mRNA in the ureter, ureter-derived @entity8 , and collecting ducts. In the ureter, expression increased, rather than decreased, with advancing maturation and was highest in adult tissue. Our results suggest that each of the three members of the myc gene family are involved in quite disparate differentiation processes, even within one tissue.

title: Contrasting expression patterns of three members of the myc family of protooncogenes in the developing and adult XXXX kidney.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvis, papilla']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The @entity29302 / @entity29302 / @entity29302 / @entity29302 gene encodes an RNA-binding Puf-family protein in @entity375 . The Deltampt5 cells exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes, including the G2/M arrest of the cell cycle and weakened cell wall at high temperatures. The Deltampt5 disruptant was also @entity1862 (HU) sensitive. In this study we screened deletion suppressors to rescue the temperature sensitivity of Deltampt5, and identified @entity59165 (YEL070W), @entity59166 (YBR007C), sir2, @entity34707 , @entity13442 and swe1. Multicopy suppressors identified were @entity19623 and its upstream genes, but not the downstream MAPK cascade genes. The overexpression of @entity19623 , however, did not suppress the HU sensitivity of Deltampt5. In contrast, both the HU- and temperature-sensitivities of a-type Deltampt5 cells were suppressed by each sir deletion or a multicopy of @entity34215 , suggesting that a diploid-type expression is involved. We found that a diploid-specific @entity59167 gene encoding an RNA-modifying protein was responsible for the suppression of the temperature sensitivity, but not of the HU sensitivity. Furthermore, the suppression of the HU sensitivity depended on @entity59168 , another Puf-family gene, and overexpression of @entity59168 suppressed only the HU sensitivity of Deltampt5. The protein level of @entity59168 was not affected by the sir mutation. Thus, these @entity59167 and @entity59168 proteins play complementary roles to rescue the defects in Deltampt5 Deltasir cells.

title: Suppressor analysis of the @entity29302 / XXXX / @entity29302 / @entity29302 deletion in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity29302 :: (852697(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['htr1']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors' earlier findings of a negative electroretinogram (ERG) in a @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) led them to investigate @entity4714 gene deletions and ERGs in five @entity1 with @entity1555 . The authors wanted to determined whether there were similar ERG findings in an animal model for @entity1555 , the mdx @entity19 . METHODS: Ganzfeld ERGs were recorded in five @entity1 with @entity1555 after a complete ophthalmic examination. The @entity4714 gene was analyzed by Southern blot hybridization. ERGs were recorded in anesthetized mdx and control @entity19 with a modified Grass photostimulator (Grass Instrument Company, Quincy, MA). RESULTS: Ophthalmic examinations in all five @entity1 had normal findings, yet an abnormal negative ERG was recorded for each subject. The subjects' gene deletions were variable, ranging from large deletions to no detectable deletions. The ERGs of the mdx @entity19 were normal and did not differ significantly from those of the control @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe the unique ERG recorded for the @entity1 subjects is a manifestation of @entity1555 associated with defects at the @entity4714 gene locus and represents a new clinical entity. The ERG of the mdx @entity19 may be spared for several reasons, including milder effects of the @entity19 gene defect, differences in muscle and retinal gene product, or species differences in the biochemical role of @entity4714 . The ERG shows promise of becoming a noninvasive diagnostic tool for @entity1555 and its milder allelic forms.

title: The effects of @entity4714 gene mutations on the ERG in XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tissue @entity82 is a hallmark compromising feature of many disorders. In this study, we investigated the antifibrogenic effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor @entity3996 ( @entity10319 ) on cytokine-driven fibrotic responses in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Skin fibroblasts from @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ) and normal healthy control subjects were stimulated with profibrotic cytokines in combination with @entity10319 . @entity1 Colalpha1(I) and fibronectin were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and levels of soluble collagen were estimated using the SirCol collagen assay. Electromobility shift assay and confocal fluorescence microscopy were used to investigate the intracellular distribution of Smad transcription factors. For in vivo analysis, skin @entity82 was quantified by histologic assessment of @entity19 skin tissue in a model of @entity1732 -induced @entity82 . RESULTS: Reductions in the cytokine-induced transcription of Colalpha1(I) and fibronectin were observed in both normal and @entity785 skin fibroblasts following the addition of @entity10319 . Similarly, the expression of total collagen protein in @entity10319 -stimulated @entity785 skin fibroblasts was reduced to basal levels. The mechanism of action of @entity10319 included inhibition of the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of profibrotic Smad transcription factors. Western blot analysis revealed an up-regulation of the cell cycle inhibitor @entity5207 by @entity10319 , leading to reduced proliferation of fibroblasts. In addition, in @entity1732 -induced @entity82 in @entity19 , @entity10319 prevented dermal accumulation of extracellular matrix in vivo. CONCLUSION: These findings provide novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of @entity82 . @entity10319 and similar inhibitory compounds appear to represent early therapeutic strategies for achieving reversal of the cytokine-driven induction of matrix synthesis that leads to @entity82 .

title: XXXX prevents the accumulation of extracellular matrix in a @entity19 model of @entity1732 -induced skin @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity3996 :: (MESH:C012589,Chemical) :: ['Trichostatin A']


abstract: @entity706 is a low-grade @entity1892 of germinal center B-cell origin that typically lacks @entity5893 expression. We describe the clinicopathologic features of 88 cases of @entity5893 + @entity706 (53 @entity1 , 35 @entity1 ; median age, 60 years; range, 31-86). @entity706 was diagnosed initially in lymph nodes in 66 and extranodal sites in 22 @entity1 . Eighty-one @entity1 had @entity3329 , 66 had more than one involved site, 46 had bone marrow involvement, and 7 had @entity381 . Staging information was available for 84 @entity1 : 52 stage IV, 18 stage III, 12 stage II, and 2 stage I. Sixty-one cases were grade 1 or 2 and 27 were grade 3. The median proliferation index (Ki-67) was 30%. @entity5893 expression was detected by flow cytometry in 69, immunohistochemistry in 8, and both methods in 11 cases. The presence of t(14;18)(q32;q21)/ @entity7513 - @entity588 or other @entity588 translocation was detected in 28/44 (64%) cases. A total of 38 (43%) @entity1 also had diffuse large @entity1892 , concurrent with (n=20), subsequent to (n=13), or developing before @entity5893 + @entity706 (n=5). All @entity1 received chemotherapy; 12 also received stem-cell transplantation. With a median follow-up of 55 months (range, 0.5-207), 15 @entity1 died, 46 were alive with disease, and 20 were in clinical remission. Compared with a matched group of @entity1 with @entity5893 - @entity706 , @entity1 with @entity5893 + @entity706 more commonly had an International Prognostic Index >2 (35/80 vs 10/99, P<0.001), more often developed diffuse large @entity1892 (38/88 vs 17/99; P<0.001), and had a shorter median progression-free survival (44 vs 89 months, P=0.0042). Higher Ki-67 and International Prognostic Index were identified as poor prognostic factors in both the groups. We conclude that @entity5893 expression in @entity706 is associated with a higher International Prognostic Index, higher rate of transformation to diffuse large @entity1892 , and shorter progression-free survival.

title: @entity5893 -positive XXXX : clinicopathologic correlations and outcome in 88 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma', 'Follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: It was hypothesized that an arthroscopic Bankart repair with suture anchors supplies sufficient anterior shoulder stability, which cannot be improved by an additional capsular shift. In an experimental biomechanical @entity1 cadaver study, we tested ten fresh @entity1 cadaver shoulders in a robot-assisted shoulder simulator. External rotation and glenohumeral translation were measured at 0 degrees and 80 degrees of @entity2065 . All measurements were performed under the following conditions: on the non-operated shoulder; following the setting of three arthroscopic portals; following an arthroscopic anterior capsular shift; following a simulated @entity75 ; and following an arthroscopic Bankart repair. The application of three arthroscopic portals resulted in a significant increase of the anterior (P = 0.01) and antero-inferior translation (P = 0.03) at 0 degrees and 80 degrees abduction, as well as an increase in external rotation at 80 degrees abduction (P = 0.03). Capsular shift reduced external rotation (P = 0.03), but did not significantly decrease translation. Simulating anterior shoulder instability, glenohumeral translation significantly increased, ranging from 50 to 279% of physiological translation. Arthroscopic shoulder stabilization resulted in a decrease of translation in all tested directions to approximately physiologic levels. External rotation in 0 degrees abduction was thus decreased significantly (P = 0.003) to an average of 19 degrees . The study proved that an arthroscopic anterior capsular shift in a cadaveric model @entity717 without a significant influence on glenohumeral translation. Arthroscopic shoulder stabilization with suture anchors thus sufficiently restores increased glenohumeral translation, but also @entity717 in neutral abduction. An anatomic reconstruction of the @entity75 without overconstraining of the antero-inferior capsule should therefore be the aim in arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization.

title: Biomechanical stability of an arthroscopic anterior capsular shift and suture anchor repair in anterior shoulder instability: a XXXX cadaveric shoulder model.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['decreases external rotation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Bankart lesion']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral abduction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Recent animal studies have shown that @entity595 can reach the brain after chronic exposure. However, little information is available on the neurological effects of chronic long-term exposure to @entity595 . In the present study, the effects during 1.5, 6 and 9-month periods of chronic ingestion of @entity7524 (UN) in drinking water (40 mg of @entity595 per litre) on cholinergic @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) activity and on dopaminergic and serotoninergic metabolisms were investigated in several areas of male Srague Dawley @entity35 brains. @entity595 brain accumulation and distribution was also investigated after 1.5 and 9 months. Both after 1.5, 6 and 9 months of exposure, @entity4833 activity was unaffected in the striatum, hippocampus and frontal cortex. Nevertheless, @entity4833 activity was transitionally perturbed in the cerebellum after 6 months of exposure. After 1.5 months of exposure, DA level increased in hypothalamus. After 6 months of exposure, a tiny but significant modification of the DAergic turnover ratio was detected in the frontal cortex. And after 9 months, UN produced a significant decrease in the @entity5581 level and the 5HTergic turn-over ratio in the frontal cortex and also a decrease in the @entity4925 level and DAergic turn-over ratio in the striatum. @entity595 brain accumulation was statistically significant in striatum after 1.5 months and in striatum, hippocampus and frontal cortex after 9 months of exposure. Although neurochemical changes did not always correlated with increased accumulation of @entity595 in specific areas, these results suggest that chronic ingestion of UN can cause chronic and progressive perturbations of physiological level of neurotransmitter systems. Considering previous reports on behavioural @entity595 -induced effects and the involvement of neurotransmitters in various behavioural processes, it would be crucial to determine whether these @entity74 were accompanied by @entity4934 even at 40 mg of @entity595 per litre exposure.

title: Chronic ingestion of @entity7524 perturbs @entity4833 activity and monoamine metabolism in male XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['neurobehavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['neurochemical disorders']

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['uranium', 'Uranium']

entities_list: @entity7524 :: ('MESH:D014502', 'Chemical') :: ['uranyl nitrate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The treatment of @entity717 continues to be an area of debate. In the event of minimal displacement at the @entity174 , both surgical management and casting have been supported. This study aims to compare the time interval of radiographic healing in both the surgically and conservatively managed @entity1 . Additional factors such as premature weight bearing and smoking were also examined. Fifty-two charts were examined retrospectively. This included 26 @entity1 in both the surgical and conservative populations. Radiographs were examined for the presence of healing. Anterior-posterior, mortise, and lateral-view x-rays were examined. The presence of cortical bridging and a resolution of @entity174 line primarily on lateral view at the posterior spike were used to evaluate healing. The mean time for cortical bridging to occur was 89.38 days in the conservative group and 48.69 days in the surgical group. Mean times for healing were significantly longer in both smokers and @entity1 who prematurely bore weight when treated in both the surgical and conservative populations. In the treatment of isolated fibular fractures, surgical intervention appears to offer a faster time to radiographic healing. Smoking and premature weight bearing are shown to prolong the time to radiographic healing in both the surgically and conservatively treated @entity1 populations.

title: Radiographic healing of conservative versus operative management of supination-external XXXX in a smoking and premature weight-bearing population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['supination-external rotation II fibular fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['rotation II fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: @entity16058 ( @entity16058 ) frequently occur in association with @entity2 . However, there is no consensus on the best treatment of acute exacerbation of IIP in @entity2 @entity1 (LC with IIP), including those with iatrogenic @entity647 resulting from @entity5 treatments. We aimed to identify an appropriate strategy for treatment of this condition. We analyzed clinical features of 120 LC with IIP, retrospectively. RESULTS: The incidence of acute exacerbation related to anticancer treatment was 22.7%; when the incidence was examined separately for @entity1 receiving chemotherapy or the best supportive care, the incidence was 20.0% and 31.3%, respectively. Additional investigations should be directed to finding suitable regimens for treatment of LC with IIP and the selection of appropriate @entity1 with LC with IIP for chemotherapy. The incidence of acute exacerbation caused by combination regimens of @entity3003 + @entity1311 or a @entity902 agent + @entity2879 was significantly lower than that of other regimens (0% vs. 18%, respectively; p=0.025, Fisher's Exact Test). @entity1 with high levels of @entity1851 before chemotherapy had a significantly higher risk of developing acute exacerbation (odds ratio 5.60, p=0.028). CONCLUSION: There was no evidence that anticancer treatment, including chemotherapy, should be avoided in LC with IIP. To establish an appropriate @entity5 treatment for LC with IIP, a prospective clinical study should be performed to evaluate various treatment modalities in a larger @entity1 population.

title: Exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias associated with XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias', 'IIPs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: The combination of @entity4571 and @entity803 has been anecdotally reported to be effective in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid. We conducted a randomized, open-labeled trial comparing the combination of 500 mg of @entity4571 , three times daily, and 500 mg of @entity803 four times daily, with @entity229 therapy in 20 @entity1 with bullous pemphigoid. The study was divided between an 8-week acute phase with fixed drug dosages and a 10-month follow-up phase in which study medications were tapered based on @entity1 response. RESULTS: Eighteen of 20 @entity1 enrolled in the study were treated, two @entity1 were unavailable for follow-up. Twelve @entity1 were treated with the combination of @entity4571 and @entity803 and six @entity1 were treated with @entity229 . There were five complete responses, five partial responses, one nonresponder, and one @entity1 with disease progression in the @entity4571 and @entity803 group compared with one complete response and five partial responses in the @entity229 group. There were no statistically significant differences in response parameters between the two groups. All five @entity1 in the @entity4571 and @entity803 group receiving long-term follow-up remained disease free during medication tapering, while three @entity1 in the @entity229 group had @entity66 flare-ups with @entity134 tapering. Adverse effects in the @entity4571 and @entity803 group included @entity344 (two @entity1 ) and transient @entity177 (one @entity1 ). In the @entity229 group, there was one occurrence each of @entity101 , @entity3621 , multiple decubitus @entity1066 , @entity4034 , @entity1150 , and death related to @entity295 . Two @entity1 required insulin therapy for @entity4854 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity4571 and @entity803 appears to be a useful alternative to systemic @entity230 in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid.

title: XXXX and @entity803 therapy of bullous pemphigoid.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['repeated disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal upset']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['erosive gastritis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity4571 :: (MESH:D009536,Chemical) :: ['Nicotinamide']


abstract: We reported recently that ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions increased the synthesis of DNA in the gastrointestinal tract of @entity35 by the firing of vagus nerve activity, mainly via cholinergic receptor mechanisms. In the present study, we examined whether the mitotic response is due to proliferation of a cell population--mucosal, submucosal, or muscular layer. A monoclonal antibody to @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) has previously been shown to be capable of identifying proliferating cells. Samples of @entity406 -fixed @entity344 , taken before and after VMH lesioning, were immunostained with the anti- @entity1975 monoclonal antibody, and the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was determined. To discriminate the effect of @entity7298 in VMH lesioned @entity35 , we utilized the method of pair-feeding. Cell proliferation was examined by the @entity1975 -labeling technique 0, 1, 3, and 7 days after VMH lesioning. The increase in proliferation was confined to cells in the mucosa and did not involve the muscularis and serosa. Studies in control animals showed that the @entity894 was higher in the small intestine than in other gut segments, and higher in the large intestine than in the stomach. The mean @entity1975 - @entity894 began to increase at 1 day and continued to increase for 3 days, then decreased 7 days following the lesioning. Results indicate that the @entity344 is in a state of hyperproliferation after VMH lesioning.

title: Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions induce the proliferation of XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal epithelium', 'gastrointestinal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal mucosal cells']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The degradation behaviour of @entity21095 with @entity375 and @entity17076 with @entity1336 in @entity3505 during fermentation was studied. @entity375 fermentation was especially effective for reduction of @entity21095 applied at 5  mg  kg(-1) (maximum residue limit-MRL) causing dissipation for max 48.8%. Pesticide reduction rate decreased with an increase of fortification rate. Thus in samples fortified with 25 and 75  mg  kg(-1) a reduction up to 27.1%, and 23.7% respectively, was observed. Activity of @entity1336 was especially effective for reduction of @entity17076 applied at 3  mg  kg(-1) (MRL) causing dissipation for max 56.7%. This reduction rate decreased with an increase of fortification rate. In samples contaminated with 15 and 45  mg  kg(-1) dissipation reached up to 38.6% and 34.7% respectively. For both experiments, initial inoculums sizes had no statistically significant effect on pesticides dissipation level, while concerning fermentation temperatures at all fortification levels the highest degradations occurred at 30    C. Overall, regardless fermentation parameters, the degradation rate constants of @entity21095 fermented with @entity375 were increased comparing with control samples by 255-573, 56-116 and 119-594% in samples contaminated at MRL, 5MRL and 15MRL of pesticide, while the degradation rate constants of @entity17076 fermented with lactobacilli were increased by 74-769, 59-237 and 46-469% respectively. These results evidenced that @entity375 and lactobacilli played an important role in promoting @entity21095 i.e. @entity17076 dissipation in @entity3505 .

title: The potency of XXXX and @entity1336 to dissipate organophosphorus pesticides in @entity3505 during fermentation.

entities_list: @entity17076 :: ('MESH:C007031', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpyrifos methyl']

entities_list: @entity21095 :: ('MESH:C014153', 'Chemical') :: ['pirimiphos methyl']

entities_list: @entity1336 :: ('1590', 'Species') :: ['L. plantarum', 'Lactobacillus plantarum']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Yeast']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: The case history of a 15 1/2-year-old @entity1 is presented who suffers from screaming fits during the night and @entity10895 . The problem has existed since he was eight. He lives alone with his mother in a "partner-like" relationship. The previous diagnosis, @entity302 , has masked any possible psychodynamic element. Our diagnostic instruments were: 1. Standardized diagnostics with DSM III-R; 2. psychoanalytically oriented psychodiagnostics; 3. long term EEG-video-monitoring, which eventually succeeded in differentiating his multiple symptoms. Using these methods we were able to differentiate a @entity25 ( @entity4464 ) from his grandmal @entity302 . We changed his anticonvulsive pharmacological therapy and introduced an individual psychotherapy ("Katathymes Bilderleben"). This kind of psychotherapy is applied for the first time as a therapy for @entity4464 . By using this therapeutic concept we cured our @entity1 from his symptoms.

title: [Non- @entity25 ( XXXX ) in @entity302 . Diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities].

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'namely epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['somnambulism']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder']

answer: @entity4464 :: (MESH:D013009,Disease) :: ['somnambulism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the specific effects of general dynamic water exercise in individuals with late effects of @entity3328 . DESIGN: Before-after tests. SETTING: A university hospital department. @entity1 : Twenty-eight individuals with late effects of polio, 15 assigned to the @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ) and 13 to the control group (CG). INTERVENTION: The @entity1585 completed a 40-minute general fitness training session in warm water twice weekly. Assessment instruments included the bicycle ergometer test, isokinetic muscle strength, a 30-meter walk indoors, Berg balance scale, a @entity158 drawing, a visual analog scale, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peak load, peak work load, peak @entity26 uptake, peak heart rate (HR), muscle function in knee extensors and flexors, and @entity158 dimension of the NHP. RESULTS: The average training period was 5 months; compliance was 75% (range, 55-98). No negative effects were seen. The exercise did not influence the peak work load, peak @entity26 uptake, or muscle function in knee extensors compared with the controls. However, a decreased HR at the same individual work load was seen, as well as a significantly lower distress in the @entity158 . Qualitative aspects such as increased well-being, @entity158 relief, and increased physical fitness were reported. CONCLUSIONS: A program of nonswimming dynamic exercises in heated water has a positive impact on individuals with late effects of polio, with a decreased HR at exercise, @entity158 , and a subjective positive experience. The program was well tolerated (no adverse effects were reported) and can be recommended for this group of individuals.

title: Dynamic water exercise in individuals with late XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['TG', 'training group']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'pain', 'dimension pain of the NHP']

answer: @entity3328 :: (MESH:D011051,Disease) :: ['poliomyelitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Isolated adrenal @entity3 of @entity9962 are extremely rare. We report a case with isolated left adrenal @entity3 , verified three years after diagnosed @entity0 . CASE OUTLINE: A 58-year-old female @entity1 with a right @entity0 , clinically staged as IIIA (T2N2M0) started neoadjuvant @entity4349 chemotherapy after biopsy which revealed @entity9962 . Immunohistochemical findings of @entity5 biopsy showed hormonal @entity134 receptors for @entity172 and @entity1420 negative, and @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) positive. After 4 cycles of chemotherapy and partial @entity5 regression the @entity1 underwent radical mastectomy. Definite histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of @entity513 . The @entity1 continued treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy to cumulative dose of @entity8253 , postoperative radiotherapy and adjuvant trastuzumab for one year. Three years later abdominal computerized tomography showed @entity5 in the left adrenal gland as the only metastatic site. Left adrenalectomy was performed and histopathological finding confirmed @entity0 @entity3 . Postoperatively, the @entity1 received 6 cycles of @entity1205 with trastuzumab and continued trastuzumab until disease progression. One year after left adrenalectomy control abdominal computerized tomography showed a right @entity5 with @entity3329 . Treatment with @entity416 was continued for one year, but eventually she developed brain @entity3 causing lethal outcome. CONCLUSION: In order to better understand metastatic pathways of @entity9962 , publications of individual @entity1 cases diagnosed with rare metastatic sites should be encouraged. This might improve our understanding of metastatic behavior of @entity0 and stimulate further clinical research.

title: A rare case of isolated adrenal @entity3 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumor']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

answer: @entity9962 :: (MESH:D018270,Disease) :: ['invasive ductal breast carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity120 is emerging as one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in adults with @entity3458 . The prevalence of @entity120 in Nigerian adults with sickle cell @entity417 is unknown. We decided to estimate the @entity551 in subjects with sickle cell @entity417 seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, and to determine the frequency of @entity120 among them. METHODS: Ninety @entity1 (38 males and 52 females) with sickle cell @entity417 in steady state and comparable age- and sex-matched normal controls had a clinical evaluation and echocardiographic examination. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects with sickle cell @entity417 was 24.0 (9.00) years while the mean age for the control group was 24.0 (7.00) years. The frequency of @entity120 as assessed by a tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity of > 2.5 m/s in this study was 12.2%. Larger left ventricular dimensions and volumes, higher @entity64 volume and increased left ventricular mass indexed by body surface area were found to be associated with @entity120 . A multivariate analysis of the potential predictors of @entity120 in this study showed that male sex and lower packed cell volume ( @entity1485 ) were independent predictors of @entity120 in @entity1 with sickle cell @entity417 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity551 are higher in subjects with @entity3458 than normal controls. Male sex and low @entity1485 are independent determinants of pulmonary arterial pressure in subjects with sickle cell @entity417 in Nigeria.

title: Non-invasive @entity551 in XXXX with sickle cell @entity417 in Ibadan, Nigeria: an echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery systolic and diastolic pressures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Pathogens can actively alter fruit pH around the infection site, signaling modulation of pathogenicity-factor expression, as found for alkalinizing (Colletotrichum and Alternaria spp.) and acidifying (Penicillium, Botrytis, and @entity19868 spp.) fungi. The @entity1568 -metabolism genes GDH2, GS1, GLT, and MEP genes are differentially expressed during colonization by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and a /\gdh2 strain reduces @entity3265 accumulation and pathogenicity. We analyzed the contribution of transporters GLT and MEPB to C. gloeosporiodes pathogenicity. Germinating spores of /\glt strains showed reduced appressorium formation; those of /\mepB mutants showed rapid @entity3265 uptake and accumulation inside the hyphae, indicating deregulated uptake. Both mutants reduced pathogenicity, indicating that these transporters function during alkalinizing species pathogenicity. We compared the expressions of these genes in C. gloeosporioides and @entity19868 , and found five to 10-fold higher expression at the transcript level in the former. Interestingly, GLT and MEPB in the alkalinizing species showed no and very low sequence identity, respectively, with their counterparts in the acidifying species. Knockout analysis of GLT and MEPB and their differential transcript regulation in the alkalinizing and acidifying species suggest that the @entity3265 accumulation contributing to pathogenicity in the former is modulated by factors at the gene-regulation levels that are lacking in the acidifying species.

title: Role of XXXX -metabolism genes expressed during pathogenicity of the alkalinizing Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and their differential expression in acidifying pathogens.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity19868 :: ('5180', 'Species') :: ['Sclerotinia', 'Sclerotinia sclerotiorum']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: These studies investigated the role of the intermediate area of the ventral surface of the medulla (VMS) in the tracheal constriction produced by @entity2944 . Experiments were performed in @entity4486 -anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated @entity468 . Airway responses were assessed from pressure changes in a bypassed segment of the rostral cervical @entity825 . @entity2944 increased tracheal pressure and phrenic nerve activity. Intravenous @entity3897 pretreatment or vagotomy abolished the changes in tracheal pressure without affecting phrenic nerve discharge. Rapid cooling of the intermediate area reversed the tracheal constriction produced by @entity2944 . Graded cooling produced a progressive reduction in the changes in maximal tracheal pressure and phrenic nerve discharge responses caused by @entity2944 . Cooling the intermediate area to 20 degrees C significantly elevated the @entity515 thresholds of both responses. These findings demonstrate that structures near the intermediate area of the VMS play a role in the neural cholinergic responses of the tracheal segment to @entity515 . It is possible that neurons or fibers in intermediate area influence the motor nuclei innervating the @entity825 . Alternatively, airway tone may be linked to respiratory motor activity so that medullary interventions that influence respiratory motor activity also alter bronchomotor tone.

title: Influence of the ventral surface of the medulla on tracheal responses to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperoxic hypercapnia', 'hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO2']


abstract: Importance: @entity5 worry about developing @entity320 in at-risk @entity1 may affect one's quality of life and adherence to screening. Little is known about @entity320 -related worry in @entity1 with @entity321 ( @entity321 ). Objectives: To quantify levels and elucidate predictors of worry related to developing @entity320 in @entity1 with @entity321 and to determine whether @entity348 ( @entity348 ) in @entity66 clinics (PLCs) reduces worry. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : In this pretest-posttest study, @entity1 with @entity321 from PLCs at 2 academic medical centers were recruited from June 1, 2005, through October 31, 2008, to answer questions about @entity5 worry before and after undergoing @entity348 . Questionnaires used included the new @entity320 and recurrent @entity320 Revised Impact of Event Scale (RIES), the @entity320 ( @entity320 ), the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, and the Life Orientation Test. Interventions: All @entity1 underwent @entity348 . Main Outcomes and Measures: Changes in the @entity320 and new @entity320 scores. Results: A total of 138 @entity1 completed baseline questionnaires; 108 @entity1 (78.3%) completed questionnaires after @entity348 . Baseline levels of worry were low and reduced further after @entity348 . In @entity1 with a personal history of @entity320 , worry was reduced on all scales. In @entity1 without a personal history of @entity320 , only the new @entity320 score was significantly decreased. Predictors of baseline @entity320 scores include female sex, personal history of @entity320 , and higher Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale scores, adjusted for demographics, family history of @entity320 , and Life Orientation Test scores. Adjusted predictors of the baseline new @entity320 score were similar but also included lower educational level and did not include sex. Conclusions and Relevance: @entity1 with @entity321 have low levels of @entity320 -related worry, which is similar to data from other populations at high risk of @entity5 . We found that @entity348 is a clinically useful tool that can be used in PLCs to help decrease worry about developing @entity320 in at-risk @entity1 .

title: Effects of Total-Body Digital Photography on @entity5 Worry in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity321 :: ('MESH:C562393', 'Disease') :: ['atypical mole syndrome', 'AMS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBDP', 'total-body digital photography']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma Worry Scale', 'MWS', 'melanoma RIES']

answer: @entity321 :: (MESH:C562393,Disease) :: ['Atypical Mole Syndrome']


abstract: An accurate diagnosis for @entity3252 is crucial for pregnant @entity1 as this @entity281 may lead to severe sequelae in the fetus. The value of IgG avidity assay as a tool to determine @entity4432 during pregnancy was evaluated in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). In this study, 281 serum samples from 281 pregnant @entity1 in various trimesters were collected. These samples were assayed using specific anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies, followed by IgG avidity test. The overall seroprevalence of @entity3252 in pregnant @entity1 was 35.2% (33.5% for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and 1.8% for both anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies). Of 5 (1.8%) serum samples positive for IgM ELISA, 4 had high-avidity antibodies, suggesting past @entity281 and one sample with borderline avidity index. Two samples with low avidity were from IgM negative serum samples. The IgG avidity assay exhibited an excellent specificity of 97.6% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.6%. The study also demonstrated no significant correlation between avidity indexes of the sera with IgG (r=0.12, p=0.24) and IgM (r=-0.00, p=0.98), suggesting the complementary needs of the two tests for a better diagnosis outcome. These findings highlight the usefulness of IgG avidity assay in excluding a recently acquired @entity3252 @entity281 in IgM-positive serum sample.

title: IgG avidity assay: A tool for excluding acute XXXX in prolonged IgM titer sera from pregnant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['toxoplasmosis']


abstract: We have investigated the genetic and physiological control of meiosis in @entity6739 . Nutritionally depleted h+/h- diploid cells become irreversibly commited to meiosis immediately prior to the initiation of premeiotic S phase. Premeiotic DNA synthesis requires matP+, matM+, mei2+ and mei3+ but not the mitotic cell cycle control gene, cdc2+. ran1+ is an essential gene, loss of which provokes sexual conjugation, premeiotic DNA synthesis, pseudo-meiosis and the sporulation of haploid cells. Our experiments suggest that sexual differentiation is achieved physiologically by the inhibition of ran1+ activity in a two-step process. In the first step, partial inhibition of @entity19 + in starved haploid cells, leads to cell cycle arrest in G1 followed by sexual conjugation. In the second step, a pathway requiring the matP+, matM+ and mei3+ genes of the newly-formed zygote, further inhibits @entity19 + and thereby commits the cell to meiosis. mei2+ is required for meiotic commitment after full inhibition of ran1+. ran1+ is normally essential for vegetative cell reproduction but is inessential in cells which have abnormally high levels of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase. We propose that the ran1+ gene encodes a highly controlled protein kinase which shares key substrates with @entity268 -dependent protein kinase.

title: ran1+ controls the transition from mitotic division to meiosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['fission yeast']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The increasing prevalence of @entity28 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) worldwide may nowadays be regarded as a "twin" metabolic pandemic, causing the number of @entity1 with the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) to rise rapidly. @entity209 is a combination of several interrelated medical disorders such as @entity28 , @entity6 , @entity101 , dyslipidaemia etc. These conditions very frequently result in @entity731 , @entity299 , @entity1560 or even steatofibrosis. @entity209 usually causes a significant worsening of the quality of life, often also leading to shortened life span. Bariatric, also referred to as metabolic (B-M), surgery currently represents a very powerful method for the treatment of morbid @entity28 and the @entity209 . METHODS: Contemporary @entity209 uses either restrictive or malabsorptive methods, or a combination thereof. The purely restrictive procedures may include for instance adjustable gastric banding (AGB), and more recently also vertical gastric greater curvature plication. According to some authors, the purely restrictive methods include sleeve gastrectomy (SG); this procedure, besides restriction and a faster emptying of the residual stomach, has been proven to involve a hormonal effect (decreased plasma ghrelin level). Methods such as biliopancreatic diversion by Scopinaro (BPD/S) or its duodenal switch modification (BPD/DS), are regarded as purely malabsorptive. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), the most commonly used type of bypass surgery, represents a combination (restrictive-malabsorptive) method. RESULTS: According to Buchwald's meta-analysis, the total average weight loss after a B-M surgery was 38.5 kg, or 55.9% EBWL (Excess Body Weight Loss), regardless of the method and timing of the operation. Up to 2 years after the procedure, the average weight loss was 36.6 kg, or 53.8% EBWL, and more than 2 years after the procedure, the average weight loss was 41.2 kg, or 59% EBWL. @entity6 was improved or resolved after the operation in 86.6% of cases. The best results of @entity6 treatment were achieved after BPD/DS (95.1%). @entity6 resolved after GBP in 80.3%, after SG in 75.8% and after AGB in 56.7% of @entity28 @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Treatment options for the @entity209 include @entity209 , preferably using the mini-invasive laparoscopic method. These procedures are indicated primarily in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 with BMI > 40 kg/m2 after conservative therapy failure, or @entity1 with severe @entity28 (BMI > 35 kg/m2) associated with serious circulatory, metabolic or mobility complications. Moreover, surgical treatment of @entity6 has been proven to be possible in the last decade.

title: [Contemporary overview of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome', 'bariatric-metabolic surgery']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['bariatric-metabolic surgery']


abstract: @entity417 may increase the risk of tissue @entity519 in preterm @entity1 . This could lead to @entity1576 and an increased risk for @entity386 . Heart rate and @entity1353 pattern were recorded in 30 preterm @entity1 (gestational age 30.0 +/- 2.3 weeks, postnatal age 46.6 +/- 20.8 days, and weight 1,438 +/- 266 g) before and after a transfusion of 10 mL/kg of packed RBCs. All @entity1 were stable clinically, @entity1353 room air, and free of prolonged apneic episodes. After transfusion, hematocrit levels increased from 27.0% +/- 2.5% to 35.8% +/- 4.7%. Heart rate decreased from 157.2 +/- 13.6 beats per minute to 148.4 +/- 13.9 beats per minute. There was no change in respiratory rate or BP. The duration of periodic @entity1353 decreased significantly, as did the duration of the longest periodic @entity1353 episode (P less than .01). The number of @entity1576 lasting 5 to 10 seconds and the number of pauses lasting 11 to 20 seconds also decreased significantly (P less than .05). The total duration of @entity1576 , excluding pauses during periodic @entity1353 , were significantly lower after transfusion (P less than .05), as was the number of episodes of @entity1168 . These results indicate that preterm @entity1 have a more irregular @entity1353 pattern while anemic than after correction of the @entity417 . The irregular @entity1353 pattern is probably caused by mild @entity519 @entity1576 .

title: Blood transfusion effect on the respiratory pattern of preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory pauses', 'respiratory center depression']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Untreated acute @entity3252 among pregnant @entity1 can lead to serious sequelae among newborns, including @entity16 and @entity1939 . In Brazil, the risk of @entity3251 ( @entity3251 ) has not been fully evaluated. Our aim was to evaluate trends in acute @entity3252 prevalence from 1998-2005, the incidence of @entity3251 and the rate of mother-to- @entity1 transmission (MTCT). A cross-sectional study was undertaken to dentify @entity1 who fit the criteria for acute @entity3252 during pregnancy. Exposed newborns were included in a historical cohort, with a median follow-up time of 11 months, to establish definite diagnosis of @entity3251 . Diagnoses for @entity697 in pregnancy and @entity3251 were based on European Research Network on @entity3251 criteria. In 41,112 pregnant @entity1 , the prevalence of acute @entity3252 was 4.8/1,000 @entity1 . The birth prevalence of @entity3251 was 0.6/1,000 newborns [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4-0.9]. During the follow-up study, 12 additional cases were detected, increasing the @entity3251 rate to 0.9/1,000 newborns (95% CI: 0.6-1.3). Among the 200 newborns exposed to @entity3204 ,there were 37 babies presenting diagnostic criteria of @entity3251 , leading to an MTCT rate of 18.5% (95% CI: 13.4-24.6%). The additional cases identified during follow-up reinforce the need for serological monitoring during the first year of life, even in the absence of evidence of @entity281 at birth.

title: Prevalence of @entity697 among 41,112 pregnant XXXX and the mother-to- @entity1 transmission rate in a public hospital in South Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['congenital infection']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Toxoplasmosis', 'CTox', 'congenital toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively determine whether there is an association between brain white matter signal hyperintensities on magnetic resonance (MR) images and potential risk factors for @entity2806 in a well-characterized narrow age cohort of nondemented community-dwelling elderly @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of surviving members of the Aberdeen 1921 Birth Cohort, a subsample of @entity1 in the 1932 Scottish Mental Survey who were born in 1921. With the permission of the local ethics committee and with informed written consent, 106 nondemented subjects (62 @entity1 , 44 @entity1 ) aged 78-79 years underwent T2-weighted brain MR imaging. Brain MR images were scored semiquantitatively for deep @entity62 and periventricular hyperintensities. Vascular risk factors and clinical measures potentially associated with @entity2806 included @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity66 , smoking, body mass index grade, respiratory function levels (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], and peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR]) normalized for subject's height, plasma lipid levels ( @entity165 , @entity1674 , high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein), glycated hemoglobin level, and mean fasting blood @entity413 level. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for correlations between potential vascular risk factors and scores for deep white matter and periventricular hyperintensities, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed for factors with a statistically significant correlation. RESULTS: Significant Pearson correlations with deep @entity62 were found for glycated hemoglobin level (r = 0.31), @entity101 (r = 0.27), normalized FEV1 (r = -0.27), normalized FVC (r = -0.22), normalized PEFR (r = -0.27), low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.24), and @entity165 (r = 0.20), and with periventricular hyperintensities for glycated hemoglobin level (r = 0.28) and normalized PEFR (r = -0.23). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that glycated hemoglobin level and @entity101 were predictive of 16.2% of the variance in deep @entity62 . When subjects with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) @entity6 (n = 11) were excluded, @entity101 and decreased normalized PEFR were predictive of 11.7% of the variance. CONCLUSION: @entity62 are associated with elevated levels of glycated hemoglobin in nondemented community-dwelling elderly subjects. @entity101 and decreased normalized PEFR are the principal @entity62 in nondiabetic subjects.

title: Brain @entity62 : relative importance of vascular risk factors in nondemented elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['predictors of deep white matter hyperintensities', 'White matter hyperintensities', 'white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Isolating and culturing primary chondrocytes such that they retain their cell type and differentiate to a @entity1184 state is central to many investigations of skeletal growth and its regulation. The ability to store frozen chondrocytes has additional scientific and tissue engineering interest. Previous work has produced approaches of varying yield and complexity but does not permit frozen storage of cells for subsequent differentiation in culture. Investigations of growth plate @entity1141 secondary to defective osteoclastogenesis in rodent models of @entity2525 led us to adapt and modify a culture method and to cryopreserve neonatal @entity35 costochondral chondrocytes. METHODS: Chondrocytes were isolated from dissected ribs of 3-day-old @entity35 pups by collagenase, hyaluronidase, and trypsin serial digestions. This was done either immediately or after the isolation was interrupted following an initial protease treatment to allow the chondrocytes, still in partially digested rib rudiments, to be frozen and later thawed for culture. Cells were plated in flat-bottom wells and allowed to adhere and grow under different conditions. Choice of media permitted cells to be maintained or induced to differentiate. Cell growth was monitored, as was expression of several relevant genes: collagen types II and X; @entity9356 , @entity30933 , adipocyte @entity21991 , MyoD, aggrecan, and others. Mineralization was measured by alizarin red binding, and cultures were examined by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Cells retained their chondrocyte phenotype and ability to differentiate and mineralize the collagen-rich extracellular matrix even after freezing-thawing. RT-PCR showed retention of chondrocyte-specific gene expression, including aggrecan and collagen II. The cells had a flattened, "proliferating zone" appearance initially, and by 2 weeks post-confluence, exhibited swelling and other salient features of @entity1184 cells seen in vivo. Collagen fibrils were abundant in the extracellular matrix, along with matrix vesicles. The switch to collagen type X as marker for @entity1184 was not rigidly temporally regulated as happens in vivo, but its expression increased during @entity1184 differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: This method should prove valuable as a means of studying chondrocyte regulation and has the advantages of simpler initial dissection, yields of a purer chondrocyte population, and the ability to stockpile frozen raw material for subsequent studies.

title: In vitro chondrocyte differentiation using costochondral chondrocytes as a source of primary XXXX chondrocyte cultures: an improved isolation and cryopreservation method.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasias']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1486 is a @entity563 protease and one of the most abundant proteins secreted by the @entity1 prostate epithelium. @entity1486 is used as a well-established marker of @entity263 . The involvement of @entity1486 in several early events leading to the development of @entity263 has made it a target for prevention and intervention. It is thought that @entity1486 cleaves @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ), providing increased local levels of @entity442 , leading to @entity5 growth. Separately, there are data that suggest an enzymatic regulatory role for dietary @entity9725 , which is a @entity563 protease inhibitor. In this study we have addressed the use of @entity7232 as a @entity1486 inhibitor in an animal study. We have previously reported that low concentrations (6 ug/mL) of @entity7232 can partially inhibit the proteolytic activity of purified @entity1486 towards a synthetic fluorogenic substrate. Also, by Western blot we have followed the degradation of fibronectin by enzymatically active @entity1486 and have found significant inhibition in the presence of @entity7232 . We proposed that dietary supplementation with @entity7232 would inhibit @entity1486 and reduce the development and @entity263 in an animal model. We tested this hypothesis using @entity19 implanted subcutaneously with LNCaP cells in Matrigel. Two groups (10 animals/group) were dosed with @entity7232 solutions (1.7, 9.0 mgB/kg/day) by gavage. Control group received only water. @entity5 sizes were measured weekly for 8 weeks. Serum @entity1486 and @entity442 levels were determined at terminal sacrifice. The size of @entity5 was decreased in @entity19 exposed to the low and high dose of @entity7232 by 38% and 25%, respectively. Serum @entity1486 levels decreased by 88.6% and 86.4%, respectively, as compared to the control group. There were morphological differences between the @entity5 in control and @entity9725 -dosed animals, including a significantly lower incidence of mitotic figures in the @entity9725 -supplemented groups. Circulating @entity442 levels were not different among groups, though expression of @entity442 in the @entity5 was markedly reduced by @entity9725 treatment, which we have shown by immunohistochemistry. These data indicate that low-level dietary @entity9725 supplementation reduced @entity5 size and content of a @entity5 trophic factor, @entity442 . This promising model is being evaluated in further studies.

title: @entity9725 supplementation inhibits the growth and local expression of XXXX in @entity1 @entity263 (LNCaP) @entity5 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['malignant prostate tumors', 'proliferation of prostate carcinomas', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3', 'IGFBP-3']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity7232 :: ('MESH:C032688', 'Chemical') :: ['boric acid']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['IGF-1']


abstract: Cytokine mRNA production in the thyroid tissues of @entity1 with various @entity1374 was analysed by in situ hybridization. In addition, infiltrating leukocytes were characterized by immunohistologic studies using the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) staining technique. The following clinical material was investigated: two cases of @entity2743 , one with high and the other with a low amount of infiltrating leukocytes as well as two cases of @entity137 also showing considerable quantities of infiltrating cells. The hybridization was performed on tissue sections with antisense probes for @entity379 ( @entity379 ), IFN-alpha E, @entity2391 , @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity1356 . A small number of individual cells were found to express high levels of mRNA for @entity379 , @entity1356 and measurable amounts of @entity650 throughout the tissue sections. However, IFN-alpha E or @entity2391 were not detected. Cytokine expressing cells were noted in the tissue of one @entity1 with @entity2743 and in two cases with @entity137 . In these samples a high amount of infiltrating leukocytes (CD45+) was detected, especially CD3+, CD8+, @entity404 + and CD45RA+ T cells, in addition to B cells and macrophages. In one case an unusually large amount of T cell receptor gamma/delta+ (TcR gamma/delta+) cells was found. However, one sample of thyroid tissue derived from a @entity1 with @entity2743 was poorly infiltrated and showed few cells expressing cytokines. In conclusion, using thyroid tissue as an example, our data suggest that the application of in situ hybridization with antisense RNA permits the study of cytokine production in tissues of both autoimmune and non-autoimmune origin.

title: In situ hybridization of the mRNA for XXXX , interferon-alpha E, interferon-beta, @entity1356 and @entity650 and characterization of infiltrating cells in thyroid tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['non-toxic goitre']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 @entity281 are highly prevalent, genetically diverse, and associated with both mild upper respiratory tract and more severe @entity221 ( @entity221 ). OBJECTIVE: To characterize the molecular epidemiology of @entity281 in young @entity1 seeking acute medical care. STUDY DESIGN: Nasal swabs collected from symptomatic @entity1 <3 years of age receiving care in the Emergency and Urgent Care Departments at Seattle @entity1 's Hospital were analyzed by a rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system (FilmArray(  )) for multiple viruses including HRV/enterovirus. HRV-positive results were confirmed by laboratory-developed real-time reverse transcription PCR (LD-PCR). Clinical data were collected by chart review. A subset of samples was selected for sequencing using the 5' noncoding region. Associations between @entity221 and HRV species and genotypes were estimated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 595 samples with HRV/enterovirus detected by FilmArray, 474 (80%) were confirmed as HRV by LD-PCR. 211 (96%) of 218 selected samples were sequenced; HRV species A, B, and C were identified in 133 (63%), 6 (3%), and 72 (34%), respectively. @entity221 was more common in HRV-C than HRV-A illness episodes (adjusted OR [95% CI] 2.35[1.03-5.35). Specific HRV-A and HRV-C genotypes detected in multiple @entity1 were associated with a greater proportion of @entity221 episodes. In 18 @entity1 with >1 @entity221 , a distinct genotype was detected in each. CONCLUSION: Diverse HRV genotypes circulated among symptomatic @entity1 during the study period. We found an association between HRV-C infections and @entity221 in this @entity1 population and evidence of association between specific HRV genotypes and @entity221 .

title: Molecular epidemiology of XXXX @entity281 in the pediatric emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['rhinovirus (HRV) infections', 'HRV infections']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['lower tract illnesses', 'LRTI', 'HRV-positive illness episodes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The main objective was to study cartilage regeneration through differentiation of @entity1 tooth germ stem cells (HTGSCs) into chondrocytes on different three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds ( @entity4351 , @entity15274 and PCL-PLLA). Scaffold topographies were studied by scanning electron microscopy and it was found that the scaffolds had interconnected macroporous structures. HTGSCs were isolated from impacted third @entity13258 germs of young adult @entity1 and grown for 3   weeks on the scaffolds in chondrogenic differentiation medium. Cell proliferation on the scaffolds was determined by MTS assay and it was observed that all scaffolds supported cell proliferation. Immunostaining was carried out for morphological and differentiation analyses. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the cells attached onto the scaffolds and deposited cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM). Real-time PCR was performed to determine the expression levels of cartilage-specific genes. After 21   days of incubation in cartilage differentiation medium, expression of collagen type II increased only in the cells seeded onto @entity4351 - @entity15274 blend scaffolds. Similarly, aggrecan expression was the highest on @entity4351 - @entity15274 scaffolds after 3   weeks. These results suggest that all the scaffolds, and especially PCL-PLLA, were suitable for chondrogenic differentiation of HTGSCs. Copyright    2014 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Cartilage tissue engineering on macroporous scaffolds using XXXX tooth germ stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13258 :: ('MESH:D014096', 'Disease') :: ['molar tooth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: During 1979 to 1991, 125 @entity1 with @entity957 of the thoracic esophagus were admitted to our General Surgery unit. The average age was 60.1 years; 94.4 percent of the @entity1 were male. The mean duration of symptoms was 3.65 months. The most frequent symptom was @entity1282 in 97.19 percent, followed by @entity353 in 64.48 percent. The most frequent location was the middle one-third in 58.4 percent. The @entity5 was well differentiated in 27.2 percent, moderately well differentiated in 41.6 percent and poorly differentiated in 31.2 percent. By preoperative staging, 1 @entity1 was stage I, 24 were stage II, 86 were stage III and 14 were stage IV. The operability rate was 76 percent and the resectability rate was 48.8 percent. Resection was "curative" in 42.62 percent and palliative in 57.37 percent. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy were used only in those @entity1 who did not undergo resection. All of the @entity1 in whom resection was possible underwent a single-stage esophagogastrectomy. The postoperative mortality rate was 20 percent, but only 11.54 percent if we only consider those @entity1 who underwent "curative" resection. The most frequent causes of mortality were @entity1576 and @entity834 . The five year overall survival rate was 5.99 percent. In the resected group, the five year survival rate was 8.82 percent and in @entity1 in whom resection was considered "curative," the rate was 20.86 percent.

title: Results of surgical treatment of XXXX of the thoracic esophagus.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']


abstract: @entity796 is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen with the capacity to cause serious disease, including chronic biofilm @entity281 in the lungs of @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 . These @entity281 are treated with high concentrations of antibiotics. Virulence modulation is an important tool utilized by @entity796 to propagate @entity281 and biofilm formation in the @entity1577 airway. Many different virulence modulatory pathways and proteins have been identified, including the @entity1760 transporter protein MgtE. We have recently found that isogenic deletion of mgtE leads to increased @entity137 through effects on the type III secretion system. To explore the role of the @entity1577 lung environment in MgtE activity, we investigated mgtE transcriptional regulation following antibiotic treatment. Utilizing quantitative real-time-PCR, we have demonstrated an increase in mgtE transcript levels following antibiotic treatment with most of the 12 antibiotics tested. To begin to determine the regulatory network governing mgtE expression, we screened a transposon-mutant library of @entity796 to look for mutants with potentially altered mgtE activity, using @entity137 as a readout. In this screen, we observed that AlgR, which regulates production of the biofilm polysaccharide alginate, alters MgtE-mediated @entity137 . This cross-talk between MgtE and AlgR suggests that AlgR is involved in linking external inducing signals (e.g. antibiotics) to mgtE transcription and downstream virulence and biofilm activities. Analysing such interactions may lead to a better understanding of how the @entity1577 lung environment shapes @entity796 biofilm @entity281 .

title: Antibiotic treatment of XXXX biofilms stimulates expression of the @entity1760 transporter gene mgtE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) and @entity64 (TIAMS) have the same pathophysiological mechanism as @entity64 and carry a high risk of recurrent ischaemic events. Diagnosis of TIAMS can be challenging and often occurs in general practice. Absolute cardiovascular risk (ACVR) is recommended as the basis for vascular risk management. Consideration of cardiovascular risk in TIAMS diagnosis has been recommended but its utility is not established. OBJECTIVES: Firstly, to document the ACVR of @entity1 with incident TIAMS and with TIAMS-mimics. Secondly, to evaluate the utility of ACVR calculation in informing the initial diagnosis of TIAMS. METHODS: The International comparison of Systems of care and @entity1 outcomes in minor @entity64 and @entity4905 (InSiST) study is an inception cohort study of @entity1 of 17 Australian general practices presenting as possible TIAMS. An expert panel determines whether @entity1 have had TIAMS or TIAMS-mimics. ACVR was calculated at baseline for each participating @entity1 . In this cross-sectional baseline analysis, ACVR of TIAMS and TIAMS-mimics were compared univariately and, also, when adjusted for age and sex. The diagnostic utility of ACVR was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Of 179 @entity1 , 87 were adjudicated as TIAMS. The presence of motor and speech symptoms and body mass index were associated with a diagnosis of TIAMS. ACVR was associated with TIAMS diagnosis on univariate analysis, but not when age- and sex-adjusted. ACVR did not significantly improve area under ROC curves beyond that of age and sex. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 presenting with transient or minor neurological symptoms, calculation of ACVR did not improve diagnostic accuracy for TIAMS beyond that of age and sex.

title: Absolute cardiovascular risk and GP decision making in XXXX and minor @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['Transient ischaemic attacks', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['minor strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity4905 :: (MESH:D002546,Disease) :: ['TIA']