abstract: BACKGROUND: Colposuspension (Burch procedure) is one of the most effective surgical procedures for the cure of genuine stress @entity322 in @entity1 . The aim of the current study was to understand the mechanism of successful colposuspension for treatment of this condition. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with primary genuine stress @entity322 underwent colposuspension. Preoperative investigation included detailed history taking, urinalysis, pelvic floor relaxation assessments, one-hour pad test, Q-tip test, urodynamic study and perineal ultrasound urethrocystography. Follow-up results were estimated after one year. RESULTS: Twenty-five (71.4%) @entity1 were completely cured; four (11.4%) @entity1 showed significant improvement and six (17.1%) had recurrence of @entity322 . The overall success rate was 82.9%. The complication rate was 20%. Urodynamic data revealed a significant increase in the maximal stress urethral closure pressure and proximal urethral transmission ratios. Perineal ultrasound urethrocystography and Q-tip test revealed a significant anatomic correction in bladder neck descent. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that surgical cure of @entity322 can be achieved by restoration of the vesical neck from a dependent position in the pelvis to a position high behind the symphysis pubis, with subsequent improved pressure transmission ratios.

title: The mechanism of successful colposuspension in genuine stress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: Prospectively compare @entity1 -reported as well as clinical and radiologic outcomes after anterior or posterior surgery for right thoracic @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) in a single center by the same surgeons. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Anterior and posterior spinal instrumentation and arthrodesis are both well-established treatments of @entity1615 . The majority of studies comparing the 2 approaches have focused on radiographic outcomes. There remains a paucity of prospectively gathered @entity1 -reported outcomes comparing surgical approaches. METHODS: Forty-two consecutive @entity1 with right @entity1615 were treated in a single center by one of 2 surgeons with either anterior (n=18) or posterior (n=24) approaches and followed up for over 2 years. Radiographic, clinical, and @entity1 -reported outcomes of the Modified Scoliosis Research Society Outcome Instrument were gathered and analyzed by an independent surgeon. RESULTS: @entity1 reported significant improvements in all areas of the Modified Scoliosis Research Society Outcome Instrument, especially @entity158 and self-image domains. There were no significant differences in the degree of improvement in any domains between the groups. Posterior and anterior surgery corrected rib hump by 53% and 61%, respectively (P=0.4). The Main thoracic curve Cobb angle was corrected from 69 to 26 degrees (62%) by posterior surgery and 61 to 23 degrees (64%) by anterior surgery (P=0.6). Posterior surgery significantly reduced @entity1513 and @entity1515 . Anterior surgery had no overall affect of sagittal alignment but seemed able to correct those hypokyphotic preoperatively. Complications differed and were largely approach-related-intrathoracic in anterior and wound-related in posterior surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with right @entity1615 of differing curve types but otherwise similar preoperatively demonstrated that anterior and posterior surgery are largely equivalent. @entity1 -reported outcomes are improved similarly by either approach. Both offer excellent radiographic and trunk deformity correction. Differences in the effect of sagittal alignment, operative time, and complications should be considered when selecting approach.

title: Anterior or Posterior Surgery for Right @entity1615 ( XXXX )? A Prospective Cohorts' Comparison Using Radiologic and Functional Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic AIS', 'AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral lordosis']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['AIS']


abstract: @entity375 of the genus Malassezia are commensals of the normal skin microbial flora of @entity1 and animals. These @entity375 may become pathogenic under certain circumstances and their pathogenic role may be related to host immune system as well to @entity375 virulence factors (e.g., phospholipase production and biofilm formation). This study aims to evaluate the in vitro ability of M. pachydermatis strains to produce biofilm, and its relationship with phospholipase activity and the genetic make-up of isolates from lesioned (n=32) and healthy (n=30) @entity235 skin. The production of biofilm was determined by @entity1686 staining and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Biofilm was produced by almost all M. pachydermatis isolates (95.2%) from @entity235 with and without @entity272 at variable level and different structure. At the @entity4653 , biofilm matrix presented adhering blastoconidia clustered in multi- or monolayer structures with variable quantity of extracellular production. Of the three genotypes detected, genotype B showed the lowest ability to produce biofilm. Of the 59 isolates producing biofilm, 33 (55.9%) produced phospholipase, with a higher biofilm formation (p<0.05) in strains collected from animals with @entity272 . It is here suggested that phospholipase production might act in synergism with the biofilm formation by inducing or exacerbating @entity272 in @entity235 . The results provide evidences for a better understanding of the interactions between @entity375 and host immune system, toward revealing the pathogenicity of M. pachydermatis in animals.

title: Biofilm formation of Malassezia pachydermatis from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1686 :: ('MESH:D005840', 'Chemical') :: ['crystal violet']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Yeasts', 'yeast', 'yeasts']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electronic microscopy']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concentrations of soluble (s) @entity8389 predict prognosis in @entity712 . We recently found changing doses of b-blocker (BB) may affect sST2 concentrations. It remains unclear whether sST2 concentrations identify benefit of BB therapy, however. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 151 subjects with @entity712 attributable to @entity1002 were examined in this post hoc analysis; >96% were taking BB at enrollment. Medication regimen and sST2 values were obtained during 10 months. @entity65 were examined as a function of baseline sST2 status (low  <=35 versus high >35 ng/mL) and final achieved BB dose (high >= 50 versus low <50 mg daily equivalent dose of @entity12404 ). @entity1 with low sST2 titrated to high-dose BB had the lowest cardiovascular event rate at 0.53 events (P=0.001), and lowest cumulative hazard (P=0.003). Those with low sST2/low-dose BB, or high sST2/high-dose BB had intermediate outcomes (0.92 and 1.19 events). @entity1 with high sST2 treated with low-dose BB had the highest cardiovascular event rate (2.08 events) and the highest cumulative hazard. Compared with low sST2/high-dose BB, those with high sST2 treated with low-dose BB had an odds ratio of 6.77 (P<0.001) for a cardiovascular event. @entity1 with low sST2/low-dose BB or high sST2/high-dose BB had intermediate odds ratios for cardiovascular events (P=0.18 and 0.02). Similar results were found for @entity712 hospitalization and @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: Although BB therapy exerted dose-related benefits across all study @entity1 , sST2 measurement identifies @entity1 with @entity712 who may particularly benefit from higher BB doses. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00351390.

title: Soluble concentrations of the interleukin receptor family member @entity8389 and b-blocker therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity12404 :: ('MESH:C402833', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol succinate']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: AIM: To validate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the clinical management of @entity63 ( @entity63 ). METHODS: This is a magnetic resonance (MR) prospective evaluation of 7 @entity1 who were proved to have acute @entity63 on the basis of clinical, endoscopic and computed tomography (CT) findings and who were imaged in our institution between February 2011 and July 2012. The mean age of the @entity1 was 72.28 years. Abdominal CTs were obtained using a 64-detector row configuration for all @entity1 with un-enhanced and contrast-enhanced scans, in the late arterial phase (start delay 45-50 s) and in the portal venous phase (start delay 70-80 s). The MR examinations were performed using a 1.5T superconducting magnet, using Fast Imaging Employing Steady State Acquisition and T2-weighted fast-recovery fast-spin echo sequences in axial and coronal plane. CT and MRI examinations were analysed for the presence of @entity1049 and associated findings. RESULTS: Segmental involvement was seen in 6 @entity1 (85.71%), with a mean length of involvement of 412 mm (range 145.5-1000 mm). Wall thickness varied between 6 mm and 17.5 mm (mean 10.52 mm) upon CT examinations and from 5 to 15 mm (mean 8.8 mm) upon MR examinations. The MRI appearance of the colonic wall varied over the time: Type   I   appearance with a 3 layer sandwich sign was seen in 5 out of 12 examinations (41.66%), @entity1 underwent MR within a mean of 36 h (ranging from 1 to 54 h) after the CT examination. Type II and III appearance with a 2 layer sign, was seen in 4 examinations (33.33%), @entity1 underwent MR within a mean of 420.5 h (ranging from 121 to 720 h) after the CT examination. In the remaining three MRI examinations, performed within a mean of 410 h (ranging from 99.5 to 720 h) the colonic wall appeared normal. CONCLUSION: MRI, only using precontrast images, may be used as a substitute for invasive procedures in diagnosis and follow-up of acute @entity63 .

title: Magnetic resonance imaging: is there a role in clinical management for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'acute ischemic colitis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['acute ischemic colitis']


abstract: Apoptosis is an active, genetically determined @entity204 mechanism which can be induced by a wide range of physiological factors and by mild stress. It is the predominant form of cell @entity204 during the production of antibodies from @entity19 hybridoma cell lines. A number of studies have now demonstrated that the suppression of this @entity204 pathway, by means of over-expression of survival genes such as @entity1379 , results in improved cellular robustness and antibody productivity during batch culture. In the present study, the influence of @entity1379 expression on hybridoma productivity in two high density perfusion bioreactor systems was investigated. In the first system, a fixed-bed reactor, the DNA content in the spent medium was 25% higher in the control ( @entity1906 /C3-pEF) culture than that found in the @entity1379 transfected ( @entity1906 /C3-bcl2) cultures at all perfusion rates. This is indicative of a higher level of cell @entity204 in the control cell line. The average antibody concentration for the @entity1906 /C3-pEF cell line was 14.9 mg @entity19264 at perfusion rates of 2.6 and 5.2 d-1. However, for the @entity1906 /C3-bcl2 cell line it was 33 mg @entity19264 at dilution rates of 2 and 4 d-1. A substantial increase in antibody concentration was also found in the Integra Tecnomouse hollow fibre reactor. The antibody titre in the @entity1906 /C3-bcl2 cassette was nearly 100% higher than that in the @entity1906 /C3-pEF cassette during the cultivation period which lasted 6 weeks. Clearly, these results demonstrate the positive impact of @entity1379 over-expression on production of antibody in hybridoma perfusion cultures.

title: Influence of XXXX on antibody productivity in high cell density perfusion cultures of hybridoma.

answer: @entity1379 :: (12043(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['bcl-2']


abstract: Determinations of fluid volumes are of importance for correct treatment of @entity1 subjected to shock and @entity130 . Gas isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GIRMS) is an advanced method for analysis of stable isotopes. These can be used as tracers for measurement of various fluid volumes. In the current in vitro study, deuterium was used to determine different volumes of water simulating a range of body fluid volumes from neonates to adults. A high-precision scale gave control weights (i.e., volumes), and two methods, equilibration (EQ) and @entity3407 reduction (CR), were compared by use of a GIRMS. The coefficient of variation was <1% when using both EQ (0.45%) and CR (0.79%). The variability was greater at small volumes, and, when regression equations for the relation between measured and calculated volumes were used as formulas, the deviation was 0.4% using EQ and 2.8% using CR at the volume of 1,000 ml. At larger volumes, the deviation when using CR approached 1%. These variations are better than previously published data using other methods. It was concluded that GIRMS is a suitable technique for fluid volume determinations in neonates as well as in adult @entity1 , using @entity6189 as a tracer. EQ and CR methods were both regarded to give acceptable variabilities in this in vitro study. GIRMS may in the future increasingly be used clinically for accurate measurements of body fluid volumes.

title: Validation of equilibration and XXXX reduction methods for deuterium measurements of fluid volumes.

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium']

answer: @entity3407 :: (MESH:D002857,Chemical) :: ['chromium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed here to investigate hydration status by echocardiography in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 . METHODS: 25 @entity454 @entity1 [15 males; mean age: 54.0  16.6 years; 13 hemodialysis; 12 peritoneal dialysis] were considered eligible for this study. We also examined 29 healthy volunteers as a control group (17 males; mean age: 46.5  12.8 years). Body composition analysis using the bioimpedance spectroscopy technique was performed for @entity1284 diagnosis. The ratio of extracellular water (ECW) to height was used as volume indices. The aortic elastic parameters were calculated by echocardiography. A correlation analyses was performed between the ratio of ECW to height indicating the @entity1284 and the aortic elastic parameters e.g. @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ), @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ) and @entity2333 index (ASI). RESULTS: The ratio of ECW to height that indicates @entity1284 in @entity454 @entity1 was considerably higher than that in the control group (10.25  1.98 L/m vs. 8.66  1.22 L/m, p=0.001). There was a negative correlation between the ratio of ECW to height and @entity6475 and @entity2333 and a positive correlation between the ratio of ECW to height and ASI. CONCLUSION: Given the importance of the diagnosis and follow up of @entity1284 , the results show that aortic elasticity measurements, being easy to perform and replicate, can be used for this purpose.

title: Can aortic elastic parameters be used for the diagnosis of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity454 .

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic strain', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic stiffness', 'Aortic distensibility', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity1284 :: (MESH:D019190,Disease) :: ['volume overload']


abstract: 1. Incubation of decarboxyfactor X with the factor X-activating enzyme from @entity9115 venom revealed the generation of amidase activity towards @entity30769 , but not of activity in @entity1003 . 2. The rate of activation of both factor X and decarboxyfactor X depends on the ability of the zymogens to bind @entity141 . The relationship between @entity141 concentration and velocity of the activation reaction is sigmoid in the case of factor X, but hyperbolic with decarboxyfactor X. 3. Activated decarboxyfactor X was purified by powder column electrophoresis. 4. Identical changes of primary structure accompanied the activation of factor X and decarboxyfactor X. Identical molecular weight and common antigenic determinants were found in factor Xa and decarboxyfactor Xa. The @entity535 composition was identical except for 12 @entity367 residues in decarboxyfactor Xa and @entity16699 residues in factor Xa. 5. Unlike factor X, activated factor X has a very low electrophoretic mobility in the presence of @entity141 at pH 8.6. This is probably due to self association of factor Xa under the influence of @entity141 . The electrophoretic mobility of activated decarboxyfactor X is only slightly decreased compared to decarboxyfactor X in the presence of @entity141 .

title: Activation of decarboxyfactor X by a protein from XXXX venom. Purification and partial characterization of activated decarboxyfactor X.

entities_list: @entity9115 :: ('8707', 'Species') :: ["Russell's Viper"]

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity16699 :: ('MESH:D015055', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-carboxyglutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity30769 :: ('MESH:C015608', 'Chemical') :: ['Bz-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity9115 :: (8707,Species) :: ['Russell's viper']


abstract: @entity2753 and increased urine output after @entity5707 have been noted in pediatric @entity1 with @entity91 . If not treated properly, @entity1 develop hypoosmotic conditions that can lead to @entity2657 , @entity428 , and collapsed circulation. Postoperative @entity2753 after central nervous system surgery is considered as the syndrome of @entity6085 . Recently, however, @entity5653 ( @entity5653 ) instead of @entity6085 has been reported frequently. @entity5653 is associated with a decreased serum @entity1372 level, increased urinary @entity1372 level, increased urine output, decreased ECF volume, increased atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) level, and increased @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) level. We experienced nine @entity1 with @entity91 who underwent @entity5707 . By postoperative day 1, the ANP and @entity3876 levels increased by 3-6 folds compared with the preoperative levels. They returned to the normal levels by postoperative day 5. The ADH level was within the normal range even after operation. The urinary @entity1372 level increased in all @entity1 by postoperative day 1 and 3. But the serum @entity1372 level, and serum and urine osmolarity were normal due to appropriate replacement of @entity1372 and fluid. After @entity5707 , the potential development of @entity5653 should be considered and distinguished from @entity6085 . The @entity1 with @entity5653 require normal saline resuscitation and should prophylactically receive normal saline.

title: Cerebral salt wasting syndrome after XXXX in @entity91 .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['CSWS', 'cerebral salt wasting syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial remodeling']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity6085 :: ('MESH:D007177', 'Disease') :: ['SIADH', 'inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia', 'Hyponatremia']

answer: @entity5707 :: (MESH:D020257,Disease) :: ['calvarial remodeling']


abstract: We describe nine @entity1 , five @entity1 and four @entity1 (age at death 58-83 years), who developed isolated progressive @entity4943 over 4 to 12 years. These cases represent nine of the 385 (2.3%) cases from a series of autopsy cases of @entity303 in a large teaching hospital. One had a mother with a history of @entity4943 and @entity75 . Another had multiple affected family members with @entity4943 , @entity4681 or both. None of the nine had clinical evidence of either an upper or lower motor @entity528 . In each case neuropathological examination revealed cortical pathology identical to that described previously as typical of @entity303 associated with @entity4681 . There was variable macroscopic @entity194 and @entity528 in the frontal and temporal lobes. All cases had cortical microvacuolation, in seven limited to cortical layer II, and transcortical in two. There was variable cortical and subcortical @entity5219 . Intraneuronal ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions, characteristic of the extra-motor involvement of @entity4681 , were found in the hippocampal dentate granule cells and residual neurones in layer II of the frontotemporal cortex of all cases. Similar inclusions were also seen in the nucleus ambiguus of three cases. The hypoglossal nuclei showed no @entity528 , @entity5219 or ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions. Ubiquitin-immunoreactive @entity3986 were detected within affected cortex, being most conspicuous in layer II in areas containing microvacuolation. @entity3986 were not detected in subcortical structures. Spinal cords were unavailable for examination because of limited autopsy consent. The finding of intraneuronal ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions characteristic of @entity4681 in @entity1 with @entity4943 , without clinical or pathological evidence of motor system degeneration, extends the clinical spectrum of diseases associated with such inclusions. We propose the term @entity52686 ( @entity52686 ) for these cases.

title: XXXX -inclusion @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['marked frontal lobe atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic neurites', 'Dystrophic neurites']

entities_list: @entity52686 :: ('MESH:C563954', 'Disease') :: ['motor neurone disease-inclusion dementia', 'MNDID']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neurone disease']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neurone disorder', 'neuronal loss']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['Motor neurone disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the survival of @entity1 with @entity157 treated with transarterial embolization (TAE). METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity157 treated with TAE were retrospectively studied. Hospital records were reviewed and data were collected and analyzed from the years 2000-2006. A total of 62 @entity1 who had been diagnosed with @entity157 were managed in our hospital during this period. RESULTS: All 62 @entity1 (who had been diagnosed with @entity157 and were managed in our hospital) @entity1 were treated with TAE, with a success rate of 91% (57/62). Early mortality (within 30 days after @entity397 ) was 38%. Factors that were associated with early mortality were old age, low hemoglobin at presentation, elevated @entity648 at presentation, prolonged prothrombin time at presentation (INR > 1.3), low albumin level at presentation, and unsuccessful embolization. A low albumin level was the only independent risk factor for early mortality. The overall median survival time was 39 days. Surgical resections were possible in seven @entity1 . Their cumulative survival was significantly longer (P = 0.002) than that of @entity1 managed with non-operative treatment after embolization. CONCLUSION: Transarterial embolization (TAE) can achieve good hemostasis, though low albumin level, which reflects poor liver reserve, may predict early mortality. @entity715 should not be regarded as an absolute contraindication for TAE. Staged surgical resection after embolization is safe and produces a good survival outcome.

title: Survival after transarterial embolization for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma', 'spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Portal vein thrombosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic shoulder dislocations with glenoid rim @entity174 show high rates of dislocation recurrence. For glenoid rim defects exceeding a certain size, several investigators recommend bone grafting. Few reports on anatomical glenoid reconstruction addressing this problem are published. HYPOTHESIS: Anatomical glenoid reconstruction by the J-bone graft creates permanent joint stability without a clinically relevant @entity393 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Forty-seven shoulders with glenoid rim @entity174 after recurrent anterior dislocation were stabilized by a J-bone graft. For clinical outcome, motion and strength compared with the uninjured shoulder, as well as sports activity, were recorded. The Rowe score and the Constant-Murley score were used for scoring. In cases of follow-up exceeding 6 years, computed tomography scans were obtained and compared to preoperative radiographs. RESULTS: The mean Rowe score was 94.3 for the affected shoulder and 96.8 for the uninjured side. The Constant score reached 93.5 and 95 points, respectively. Loss of external rotation was 4.36 degrees in adduction and 3.19 degrees at 90 degrees of abduction. The computed tomography evaluation included 24 shoulders at a mean follow-up of 106.2 months. There were no recurrences of instability and 1 traumatic graft fracture. Of the 19 @entity1 in whom @entity2720 was present at follow-up, 11 had @entity4040 before surgery. CONCLUSION: The J-bone graft is capable of creating a stable shoulder joint without causing extensive @entity393 on the long term in @entity1 with traumatic glenoid rim @entity174 after @entity2065 . In some @entity1 , mild to moderate @entity2720 develops despite anatomical glenoid reconstruction.

title: The J-bone graft for anatomical glenoid reconstruction in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of motion']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dislocation']

answer: @entity2065 :: (MESH:D012783,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic anterior shoulder dislocation']


abstract: Effects of a @entity750 re-uptake inhibitor and oral @entity535 supplementations on physical and mental performance as well as neuroendocrine variables were investigated. 10 male subjects cycled in four trials until exhaustion. @entity1 ingested a placebo in trial (T) I, 20 mg @entity903 in T II, 21 g branched-chain @entity1522 (BCAA) in T III and 20g @entity669 (TYR) in T IV. Heart rate, capillary lactate, plasma insulin, free @entity1718 , @entity413 , @entity750 and @entity4545 did not differ in trials. Plasma @entity3265 increments during exercise were higher in T III. Plasma BCAA in T III and plasma TYR in T IV were increased after 30 min of exercise according to the supplemented substances. In contrast to all other trials, the ratio of plasma free TRP/BCAA did not increase in T III. Plasma TYR/BCAA was augmented in T IV and decreased in T III after 30 min of exercise, whereas it did not change in T I and II. Plasma prolactin (PRL), @entity2124 , @entity701 , adrenocorticotropic hormone, @entity1063 and @entity1425 increased during all trials. Plasma PRL increments were higher in T IV. Exhaustion was reached earlier in T II. No significant differences were found between other trials. Drive during psychometric testing subsequent to exercise was improved in T III and IV. The results indicate that @entity1295 during endurance exercise was increased by pharmacological augmentation of the brain serotonergic activity. However, a reduction of @entity750 synthesis via BCAA supplementation did not affect physical @entity1295 . TYR administration did not alter physical performance either although plasma PRL increments suggest that changes in the monoaminergic system were induced. Precaution is necessary before assuming an ergogenic value of @entity1522 .

title: Influence of XXXX , branched-chain @entity1522 and @entity669 on neuroendocrine system responses and @entity1295 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity903 :: (MESH:D017374,Chemical) :: ['paroxetine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity354 is a common complaint from the upper gastrointestinal tract with a figured out prevalence of about 2%. Therapeutic results in this pathology have been unsatisfactory. AIM: To compare @entity10042 and @entity4546 therapeutic effects in @entity1 with @entity354 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical, double-blinded, balanced survey was randomly designed with @entity1 who would daily receive 30 mg @entity10042 (Group A) or 20 mg @entity4546 (Group B) during a 4-week period. All @entity1 were submitted to endoscopy and biopsy both at the beginning and at the end of the survey. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 in each group were treated without any significant differences in sex, age, nicotinism, @entity988 , AINES ingestion, development time, @entity158 , pyrrosis, @entity6552 , @entity1282 , @entity476 , @entity390 or @entity391 , and @entity2910 degree. A complete cure in 8/10 ( @entity4546 ) and 7/10 ( @entity10042 ) @entity1 was obtained (p = n.s.). However, the histological results of the biopsy at the end of the four-week period proved to be a failure in 4/10 ( @entity4546 ) and in 5/10 ( @entity10042 ) @entity1 (p = n.s.). The endoscopy and clinical result at the end of the study were similarly effective; but not so the histological damage to the esophagus, which continues to be important. CONCLUSIONS: The use of bomb inhibitors in @entity2910 by reflux is advisable. Future surveys must assess the average time of treatment for the disappearance of the histologic lesion.

title: [Reflux @entity2910 : a comparative study of XXXX and @entity4546 as short-term therapy. Preliminary report].

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Reflux Esophagitis', 'reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain regurgitations']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity10042 :: (MESH:C058687,Chemical) :: ['lansoprazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 overall perception of health may provide an effective early warning for risk of hospitalization and @entity204 among @entity712 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: Determine whether overall perceived health predicts all-cause hospitalization or @entity204 in @entity712 @entity1 after adjusting for confounding factors in a sample of adults with @entity712 . DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, observational study. SETTINGS: Three outpatient urban settings in the northeast United States between 2007 and 2010. @entity1 : Adults with chronic Stage C @entity712 confirmed by echocardiographic and clinical evidence. METHODS: A secondary analysis was conducted using data collected on 273 Stage C @entity1 with @entity712 . @entity1 in the parent study were followed for 6 months. Overall perceived health was measured by self-report. Hospitalization and @entity204 were assessed from electronic hospital records and confirmed with county @entity204 records as needed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between perceptions of health and rates of hospitalization and @entity204 . RESULTS: @entity1 with poor or fair perceived health had over 5.5 times the rate of @entity204 or hospitalization over the 6-month period (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 2.0-15.6; p=0.001) after controlling for model covariates. The predictive ability of perceived health attenuated over time such that at 30-days @entity1 who reported poor or fair perceived health had only 1.2 times the rate of an event and virtually no difference in event rate by 60-days. CONCLUSIONS: Overall perceived health is a powerful indicator of impending events and can be a quick tool for prioritizing @entity712 @entity1 who are at highest risk of imminent @entity204 and hospitalization. Questions about perceived health need to be asked of @entity1 regularly in order to have clinical utility.

title: Overall perceived health predicts risk of hospitalizations and @entity204 in adults with XXXX : a prospective longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As more @entity1 survive with @entity299 , their neurodevelopmental outcomes (including @entity71 [ @entity71 ]) are becoming increasingly important. The objective of our study was to determine if school-aged @entity1 who underwent early cardiac surgery for @entity299 are more likely than healthy control subjects to have screening scores on the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV (SNAP-IV) questionnaire suggestive of @entity71 . METHODS: @entity1 aged 7-15 years who underwent open-heart surgery before 1 year of age were identified from the Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) @entity1 's Heart Centre Database. Control subjects were recruited from healthy volunteers. The SNAP-IV questionnaire was administered to all @entity1 and a chart review was performed on all eligible @entity1 in the cardiac surgery group. Case and control subjects were compared using Fisher's exact test, linear, and logistic regression analyses. Potential predictors of a positive screening score were sought. RESULTS: A positive screening score was found in 29% (16/56) of the surgical group compared with 3% (2/60) of the control group (P  <  0.001). Surgical and control subjects differed in average overall scores (0.93 vs 0.30; P < 0.001) and in scores for @entity2915 (0.83 vs 0.24; P < 0.001) and inattention (1.04 vs 0.37; P < 0.001). No other significant predictors of a positive screening score were identified. The  early open-heart surgery @entity1 who responded to the questionnaire did not differ in baseline characteristics compared with nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who have open-heart surgery at younger than 1 year of age are more likely than healthy control subjects to have a SNAP-IV score suggestive of @entity71 when they reach school age.

title: Early repair of XXXX associated with increased rate of @entity71 symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) of the bladder is a confounding disease that is difficult to recognize endoscopically because it is a flat @entity5 . Many studies have suggested its relationship with subsequent invasive disease. Early recognition of @entity2735 therefore is essential in offering the @entity1 the most appropriate treatment and the highest cure rate. Because white light cystoscopic examination is not sufficient to reveal areas of @entity1141 or @entity2735 , random biopsies are recommended. The authors evaluate whether @entity8454 (ALA) fluorescence detection could be helpful in diagnosing @entity2735 and if the specificity could be enhanced by reducing the ALA dose. Sixteen @entity1 with @entity150 , and @entity2735 and @entity1141 were given low-dose ALA. Fluorescence detection of the metabolized ALA was performed 3 hours later, with the naked eye, after blue light illumination. @entity2735 or @entity1141 was found in 50 biopsies. The sensitivity for detecting @entity2735 was 94% with a specificity of 54%. @entity2735 can be diagnosed with a very high accuracy through fluorescence detection after ALA instillation. Fluorescence detection can be achieved with the naked eye and does not necessitate either complex equipment or specially trained personnel.

title: Fluorescence detection of flat transitional cell carcinoma after intravesical instillation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'Carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['papillary bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['amino levulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity8454 :: (MESH:D000622,Chemical) :: ['aminolevulinic acid']


abstract: 1 The receptors involved in mediating the haemodynamic effects of three @entity29235 /D receptor agonists were investigated in pentobarbitone anaesthetized @entity35 (n = 6-17 per group). 2 Cumulative intravenous (i.v.) infusions of @entity12793 and @entity9251 (from 0.63 to 2500 microg kg(-1); each dose over 5 min) induced dose-dependent and marked @entity551 (-42+/-6 and -34+/-4 mmHg at the highest dose, respectively; both P<0.05 vs vehicle: +5+/-3 mmHg) and @entity1168 (-85+/-16 and -44+/-12 beats min(-1) at the highest dose, respectively; both P<0.05 vs vehicle: +16+/-6 beats min(-1)). Zolmitriptan evoked only moderate @entity551 at the highest dose (-19+/-9 mmHg; P<0.05 vs vehicle). 3 A high dose of the @entity29235 /D receptor antagonist, @entity28262 (0.63 mg kg(-1), i.v.), failed to antagonize the @entity551 and @entity1168 evoked by @entity9251 (-35+/-6 mmHg and -52+/-19 beats min(-1), respectively; both not significant vs @entity9251 in untreated @entity35 ), but moderately reduced the @entity551 and @entity1168 evoked by @entity12793 (-20+/-5 mmHg and -30+/-17 beats min(-1), respectively; both P<0.05 vs vehicle and vs @entity12793 in untreated @entity35 ). 4 The selective @entity10463 receptor antagonist, @entity10098 (0.16 and 0.63 mg kg(-1), i.v.), dose-dependently attenuated the haemodynamic responses evoked by @entity12793 and @entity9251 , which were almost abolished by the higher dose of @entity10098 (-4+/-3 mmHg and -15+/-8 beats min(-1); both not significant vs vehicle and P<0.05 vs @entity12793 in untreated @entity35 ). A slight but statistically significant reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) persisted at the highest dose of @entity9251 (-13+/-4 mmHg following the higher dose of @entity10098 ; P<0.05 vs vehicle). 5 In pithed @entity35 with MAP normalized by @entity1808 , @entity12793 failed to induce @entity551 or @entity1168 (+5+/-4 mmHg and -6+/-16 beats min(-1), respectively; both NS vs vehicle and P<0.05 vs @entity12793 in untreated @entity35 ). Similarly, @entity9251 failed to induce @entity1168 in pithed @entity35 (+5+/-6 beats min(-1); not significant vs vehicle and P<0.05 vs @entity9251 in untreated @entity35 ), whereas a slight but statistically significant reduction in MAP, compared to controls, occurred at the highest dose (-9+/-9 mmHg; P<0.05 vs both vehicle and @entity9251 in untreated @entity35 ). 6 In bilaterally vagotomized and @entity3897 -treated (1 mg kg(-1), i.v.) @entity35 , the reductions in MAP and heart rate evoked by @entity12793 (-31+/-4 mmHg and -64+/-9 beats min(-1), respectively; both P<0.05 vs vehicle and not significant vs @entity12793 in controls) and @entity9251 (-47+/-8 mmHg and -56+/-10 beats min(-1), respectively; both P<0.05 vs vehicle and not significant vs @entity9251 in controls) were not statistically significantly different from those observed in controls. 7 In conclusion, the @entity29235 /D receptor agonists, @entity12793 and @entity9251 , elicit @entity551 and @entity1168 in the normotensive anaesthetized @entity35 predominantly via activation of central @entity10463 receptors, and a consequent reduction in sympathetic outflow.

title: Pharmacological analysis of the haemodynamic effects of XXXX /D receptor agonists in the normotensive @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity12793 :: ('MESH:C093622', 'Chemical') :: ['rizatriptan']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity29235 :: (25075(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['5-HT1B']


abstract: During @entity1568 -limited growth, @entity526 expresses a specific @entity3104 or @entity8776 ion transport system (Amt). Strains carrying defects in Amt have been isolated following Tn10 transposon mutagenesis. These mutants have less than 10% of the transport activity of the parental strain. @entity2227 , @entity1160 , @entity369 , or high levels (20 mM) of @entity3104 will serve as the sole @entity1568 source for growth of these strains, and @entity1160 synthetase is normally expressed and repressed by the @entity1568 regulatory (Ntr) system. When transformed with plasmid pGln84, containing lacZ fused to an Ntr promoter (glnLp), the Amt mutants expressed a normal level of beta-galactosidase. Furthermore, P1 bacteriophage transduction of the amt mutation into an Ntr mutant, normally constitutive for Amt, gave Amt- transductants. Therefore, the mutations are unlikely to lie within genes affecting Ntr elements. Following transformation with plasmid libraries of @entity526 genomic DNA constructed in pUC9, two plasmids conferring the Amt+ phenotype on the amt mutants were isolated. These plasmids were unable to complement the Amt- phenotype of Ntr- mutants. Restriction digestion of these plasmids revealed common fragments, and Southern blot analyses indicated that the Amt-complementing sequence and the site of Tn10 insertion in the genome occur in the same 3.4-kilobase HindIII-SalI fragment. Insertion of TnphoA into this fragment produced amt::phoA fusions which gave high levels of alkaline phosphatase under @entity1568 -limiting conditions but low levels during @entity3265 excess. This suggests that the amt product contains domains which are exported to the periplasm.

title: Isolation of an @entity3104 or XXXX ion transport mutant of @entity526 and complementation by the cloned gene.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity8776 :: ('MESH:C027451', 'Chemical') :: ['methylammonium']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity8776 :: (MESH:C027451,Chemical) :: ['methylammonium']


abstract: @entity6564 ( @entity6564 ), @entity28846 ( @entity28846 ) and @entity28846 with @entity8525 permanens are closely related @entity121 of genetic origin due to allelic mutations in the muscle @entity1372 channel gene, @entity16093 . Seven families of French origin with @entity6564 were studied. Five of these had the @entity52008 mutation, but 2 families, genetically linked to @entity16093 , failed to show any of the known mutations of @entity16093 . Correlations between the phenotype and the genotype were made for @entity1 with the @entity52008 mutation. All 12 @entity1 over 30 years old with the @entity52008 mutation presented @entity425 due to degeneration of muscle fibers in addition to periodic @entity912 . Only approximately 12.5% of @entity1 with the @entity52008 mutation presented with clinical @entity8525 and about 50% with @entity4144 . One family with @entity28846 displayed the @entity52009 mutation with a phenotype similar to the one already reported for this mutation. Five families with either @entity28846 or @entity28846 with @entity8525 permanens had the @entity52010 mutation indicating that the severity of @entity8525 and its permanence were variable. Two mutations of @entity16093 were found to be predominant in these 13 families: the @entity52008 and the @entity52010 mutations. Only 2 families with the @entity52008 mutation and 3 families with the @entity52010 shared the same @entity16093 haplotype determined with intragenic dinucleotide repeats. Recurrent mutations of @entity16093 may contribute to the predominance of these two mutations in the French population.

title: Mutations in the muscle XXXX channel gene ( @entity16093 ) in 13 French families with @entity6564 periodic @entity912 and @entity28846 : phenotype to genotype correlations and demonstration of the predominance of two mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity52009 :: ('p|SUB|G|1306|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gly1306Val']

entities_list: @entity52010 :: ('p|SUB|T|1313|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr1313Met']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity52008 :: ('p|SUB|T|704|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr704Met']

entities_list: @entity28846 :: ('MESH:D020967', 'Disease') :: ['PC', 'paramyotonia congenita']

entities_list: @entity6564 :: ('MESH:D020513', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis', 'hyperPP']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disorders']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: To understand how positional information within an organism specifies patterning during development, we are analyzing spatially regulated gene expression in Dictyostelium. @entity1400 is a member of the @entity268 , 7-span receptor family which directs the transition from unicellular to multicellular organism and regulates cellular differentiation and pattern formation. @entity1400 mRNA is expressed maximally at 8-10 hours of development, as individual cells aggregate and differentiate, and is accumulated to equivalent levels in all cells. @entity1400 is also induced in shaking cultures by response to extracellular @entity268 . We now show, by extensive mutagenesis, that the maximum length of contiguous sequences required for accurate spatiotemporal regulation of @entity1400 is approx. 350 bp. These sequences include three significant elements located in upstream and transcribed regions. Arrays of G-boxes ( @entity33747 regulatory sites) are centered near positions -165 and +50 and, although either is sufficient for induction by @entity268 and expression in prespore cells, both are required for expression in prestalk cells. Another GC-rich element near position -80 is required for maximal expression of prespore-specific constructs, although full-length promoters carrying clustered mutations through the -80 region are still expressed in all cells, but with slightly reduced expression. Spatiotemporal expression of @entity1400 during development, thus, requires cell-specific combinatorial interactions of multiple but redundant regulatory components. These essential elements are located in upstream and transcribed regions. However, most surprisingly, a primary control for spatial patterning of @entity1400 expression appears to be mediated by @entity33747 , a general transcription factor expressed ubiquitously during Dictyostelium development following @entity1423 .

title: Control of cell-type specific gene expression in Dictyostelium by the general transcription factor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['early aggregation']

answer: @entity33747 :: (1316,Gene) :: ['GBF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In many cell types, microtubules are thought to direct the spatial distribution of F-actin in cell polarity. @entity6739 cells exhibit a regulated program of polarized cell growth: after cell division, they grow first in a monopolar manner at the old end, and in G2 phase, initiate growth at the previous cell division site (the new end). The role of microtubule ends in cell polarity is highlighted by the finding that the cell polarity factor, tea1p, is present on microtubule plus ends and cell tips [1]. RESULTS: Here, we characterize @entity6739 bud6p/fat1p, a homolog of @entity375 @entity26355 / @entity26355 . bud6Delta mutant cells have a specific defect in the efficient initiation of growth at the new end and like tea1Delta cells, form T-shaped cells in a cdc11 background. @entity26355 -GFP localizes to both cell tips and the cytokinesis ring. Maintenance of cell tip localization is dependent upon actin but not microtubules. @entity26355 -GFP localization is tea1p dependent, and tea1p localization is not bud6p dependent. tea1Delta and bud6Delta cells generally grow in a monopolar manner but exhibit different growth patterns. tea1(Delta)bud6Delta mutants resemble tea1Delta mutants. Tea1p and bud6p coimmunoprecipitate and comigrate in large complexes. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies show that tea1p (a microtubule end-associated factor) and bud6p (an actin-associated factor) function in a common pathway, with bud6p downstream of tea1p. To our knowledge, bud6p is the first protein shown to interact physically with tea1p. These studies delineate a pathway for how microtubule plus ends function to polarize the actin cytoskeleton through actin-associated polarity factors.

title: Role of bud6p and tea1p in the interaction between actin and microtubules for the establishment of cell polarity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['S. pombe', 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: This study was undertaken to try to reduce the number of animals required to maintain @entity19 strains by banking of embryos or spermatozoa. The principal objective was to cryopreserve ejaculated @entity19 spermatozoa, using a method recently developed for @entity3892 . Within 30 min after mating, ejaculated spermatozoa were flushed from the uterus of mated females; shortly afterwards, @entity3892 were also collected from the same males that had mated with the females. The average values for spermatozoal motility and viability of ejaculated specimens of nine males were 43 and 46%, respectively, and for epididymal specimens, the corresponding values were 60 and 52%. In experiment 1, ejaculated or @entity3892 were incubated with oocytes for 0.5 to 4 h. As evidenced by development into two-cell embryos within 24 h, kinetics of fertilization of the two spermatozoa types were similar. In experiment 2, ejaculated and @entity3892 of three males were separately cryopreserved in medium containing @entity9592 , @entity653 , and egg yolk. Samples were cooled and seeded at -4 degrees C, cooled to -70 degrees C at 20 degrees C/min, and then were placed into liquid @entity1568 for storage. When cryopreserved epididymal or ejaculated spermatozoa were thawed at > 1,000 degrees C/min and used for in vitro fertilization, > 60% of oocytes cleaved, and approximately 95% of cleaved embryos developed into morulae or blastocysts. When embryos produced with cryopreserved spermatozoa were transferred into recipients, 18 and 22 live pups were obtained from 62 and 54 embryos resulting from ejaculated or @entity3892 , respectively. This study documented the feasibility of cryopreserving ejaculated spermatozoa as an effective alternative to preserving germ plasm from genetically valuable @entity19 .

title: Live XXXX from cryopreserved embryos derived in vitro with cryopreserved ejaculated spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3892 :: ('MESH:D004823', 'Disease') :: ['epididymal spermatozoa']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity9592 :: ('MESH:D011887', 'Chemical') :: ['raffinose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity13343 ( @entity13343 ) is a key enzyme involved in hepatic @entity413 metabolism as well as in @entity413 homeostasis regulation. In mammals, @entity13343 is regulated in vivo by a regulatory protein ( @entity56919 ) through a nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation enhanced by @entity39157 and counteracted by @entity16117 . There were no previous evidences in literature regarding the presence of @entity56919 in livers of other vertebrates like fish and bird. Accordingly, in the present study we assessed @entity56919 presence in @entity1573 , trout, @entity7136 , and @entity2083 hepatic homogenates. The results obtained demonstrate for the first time the presence of a @entity56919 -like protein in the liver of those species, with molecular weight (68 kDa) and biochemical properties similar to those described in mammals. Several of the biochemical properties of @entity5660 @entity56919 -like protein were closer to the @entity1 model whereas those of @entity1573 protein were specific. We also compared the presence and properties of @entity56919 -like protein in livers of different teleost species that exhibit different tolerances to @entity413 such as @entity5660 (intolerant) and @entity2083 and @entity7136 (tolerant). The results showed that the most powerful @entity56919 -like protein was found in the most intolerant species, whereas the inhibition exerted by @entity56919 -like protein in tolerant species was closer to @entity1573 than to @entity35 . Furthermore, the response of @entity56919 -like protein in liver of @entity5660 fed with a diet rich in @entity3363 was compared with the @entity35 model under extreme glycemic conditions. We found that despite trout @entity56919 -like protein was less active and expressed than in @entity35 , the response against glycemic changes took place in the same direction, and the ratio @entity56919 -like protein: @entity13343 was affected in a similar way.

title: A hepatic protein modulates XXXX activity in fish and avian liver: a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity39157 :: ('MESH:C032284', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose 1-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity16117 :: ('MESH:C027618', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose 6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['carp', 'common carp']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity13343 :: (24385(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['glucokinase']


abstract: @entity228 -induced @entity170 is a major cause of morbidity and is the leading secondary cause of @entity170 today. Unfortunately, despite this knowledge, @entity1 receiving @entity228 therapy are often not offered any preventative treatment. Recent research has focused attention on the critical role the osteoblast has played in the pathophysiology of @entity228 -induced @entity170 . In addition to an initial increase in bone resorption, there is evidence that corticosteroids induce osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis and as a result are important contributors to @entity604 . Interesting work has suggested that the @entity171 and @entity175 may help to prevent osteoblast apoptosis from occurring. Large scale randomised controlled trials have also been completed with a variety of therapeutic agents. Of the many different therapies, it is now clear that the @entity171 have the greatest evidence to support their use. Increases in bone mineral density when compared with a control group, not only at the spine but also at the hip, have been demonstrated. These studies have shown clinically significant reductions in @entity174 rates seen for the most part in postmenopausal @entity1 . Other therapies may well be effective, as evidenced by maintenance of bone mass in the spine; however, maintenance of bone mass in the hip and reductions in @entity174 rate have yet to be demonstrated for many of these therapies. Given our current knowledge and the evidence that is outlined in this review, it is hoped that @entity1 who require therapy with @entity288 for more than 3 months will be offered appropriate preventative treatment.

title: XXXX -Induced @entity170 : detection and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid', 'Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['Corticosteroid']


abstract: It has been assumed that low birth weight and high placenta weight were key factors for predicting @entity101 in @entity1 adulthood. A deficiency in placental 11 beta-HSD-II enzyme activity was supposed to be the underlying cause. To possibly establish 11 beta-HSD-II as a leading factor, we determined 11 beta-HSD-II activities in 133 healthy pregnancies, 21 proteinuric pregnancies complicated by pregnancy-induced @entity101 ( @entity5029 ), 26 non proteinuric @entity5029 pregnancies and 15 pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (32nd-41st gestational week). We could not identify differences in 11 beta-HSD-II activity between pregnancies with the rare combination of small babies with big placentas and others (p = 0.59; Kruskal-Wallis test). And although there was no correlation between 11 beta-HSD-II activity and birth weight, in the control gestational age correlated with 11 beta-HSD-II activity (r = 0.22; p < 0.05; Spearman). 11 beta-HSD-II activity in the proteinuric @entity5029 group was significantly higher than in the controls (11.7 pmol/min/mg prot.; range 10-13.2 vs. 7.9; range 7.0-9.1; p < 0.05). The lowest, but not significant, enzyme activities were in the IUGR group (5.8 pmol/min/mg prot.; range 4.0-9.2). In this group, analysis of variance detected a correlation between enzyme activity and placental weight. In conclusion, we could not confirm that placental 11 @entity52269 act as an indicator for the risk of adult @entity101 in small fetuses with large placentas. However, in growth restriction 11 beta-HSD-II activity might play a role. To clarify the influence in this group, further research is needed. Increased 11 beta-HSD-II activities with gestational age in the control may serve to sustain fetal adrenal steroid genesis and to prepare the fetus for autonomic life.

title: 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD-II) activity in XXXX placenta: its relationship to placental weight and birth weight and its possible role in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity52269 :: ('MESH:C538236', 'Disease') :: ['beta-HSD-II deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Nine previously untreated @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) were treated with recombinant @entity4020 (rIFN-alpha 2a) and @entity1862 . @entity1 received 6 X 10(6) U rIFN-alpha 2a daily for the first week and 3 X 10(6) U rIFN-alpha 2a daily for the second week. As maintenance treatment starting on day 15, @entity1 received 3 X 10(6) U rIFN-alpha 2a 3 times a week. Simultaneously, @entity1862 was given, starting at a dose of 40 mg/kg on day one. The maintenance dosage was adjusted to the white blood cell count. Two @entity1 responded with complete hematological remissions but without cytogenetic and molecular-genetic improvements. Seven @entity1 responded with partial hematological remissions. Response to therapy was rapid; normal white blood cell counts were reached after a median of 12 days. The doses of rIFN-alpha 2a and @entity1862 needed to keep the leucocyte count in the normal range were low (3 X 10(6) U rIFN-alpha 2a 3 times per week, 0.5-1.5 g @entity1862 /day). Acute @entity137 of the combination therapy consisted of fever (9 of 9 @entity1 ), flulike symptoms (7 of 9 @entity1 ), @entity111 and/or @entity1910 (3 of 9 @entity1 ) and evidence of a @entity5 cell lysis syndrome (1 of 9 @entity1 ). The side effects were not dose-limiting. Combination therapy with rIFN-alpha 2a and @entity1862 for @entity1860 is well tolerated and allows quick and effective hematological control of the disease.

title: A phase I/II study of recombinant @entity4020 and XXXX for @entity1860 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha 2a']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: @entity1317 during aortocoronary vein bypass graft surgery and arterial angioplasty initiates @entity1423 and mandates antithrombotic therapy, starting before the procedures to maximize protection against occlusion. This has been shown in studies in animals and in @entity1 undergoing aortocoronary vein bypass graft operation where @entity4341 therapy was started before the operation, heparin was given intraoperatively and combined @entity4341 and @entity117 therapy was started 7 hours after operation and markedly reduced vein graft occlusion in @entity1 with grafts at both high and low risk for occlusion without increasing @entity548 . Other alternative regimens, particularly preoperative @entity4341 followed postoperatively with @entity117 alone, offer a promising future. Therapy should be continued for at least 1 year and perhaps indefinitely. Control of coronary risk factors appears important for long-term therapy to try to retard the @entity731 and occlusive process that leads to approximately 50% vein graft attrition by 10 years after operation. The possible role of cod liver oil and internal mammary artery bypass is discussed. Arterial angioplasty appears to cause deep @entity1317 that activates both platelets and the coagulation system. These potentiate each other to form macroscopic mural @entity715 within 1 hour in more than 90% of arteries that manifested deep @entity1317 in @entity1707 . Acute @entity1423 was retarded but not eliminated by only certain platelet-inhibitor agents. Implications for ongoing trials, current empiric therapy and future therapy are discussed.

title: The pathogenesis and prevention of aortocoronary vein bypass graft occlusion and restenosis after arterial angioplasty: role of XXXX and @entity1423 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet thrombus deposition']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular injury', 'arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether (1) @entity1 who experience greater @entity353 also experience correspondingly greater improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL); (2) the improvement in HRQOL is noticeable for @entity1 achieving moderate (5%-10%) @entity353 ; and (3) the relationship between @entity353 and HRQOL is similar for @entity1 receiving @entity352 vs placebo. STUDY DESIGN: We combined data from 4 double-blind, randomized, controlled trials of administration of @entity352 (20 mg/d) vs placebo. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 (n = 555) were mildly to moderately @entity28 and had @entity6 , @entity2299 , or @entity101 that was well controlled with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or @entity460 channel blocker. The HRQOL was operationalized using the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life (IWQOL) and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Question Short-Form (SF-36) instruments. The main statistical technique was a @entity1 -level analysis of variance predicting change in HRQOL from study, treatment, and weight change. RESULTS: Moderate @entity353 was associated with a statistically significant improvement in HRQOL for approximately half of the subscales evaluated (P < .05). The greatest sensitivity to change was shown by the SF-36 general health perception and change in health since last year subscales and the IWQOL overall health, mobility, and total subscales. Greater @entity353 was associated with the most improvement in HRQOL. Weight losses of 5.01% to 10.00% were associated with 2-unit changes in the SF-36 general health perception subscale and 10-unit changes in the IWQOL total subscale. Results were similar across study and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate @entity353 is associated with noticeably improved HRQOL. Improvements in HRQOL are achievable by @entity1 receiving @entity352 .

title: Effect of moderate @entity353 on health-related quality of life: an analysis of combined data from 4 randomized trials of XXXX vs placebo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity352 :: ('MESH:C058254', 'Chemical') :: ['sibutramine hydrochloride', 'sibutramine']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity352 :: (MESH:C058254,Chemical) :: ['sibutramine']


abstract: Changes in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen expression after heart transplantation were investigated in 233 cardiac allograft biopsy specimens of 33 @entity1 by means of immunohistologic examination. The altered tissue expression was related to histopathologic and clinical diagnoses. A panel of monoclonal antibodies directed to monomorphic determinants was used for the analysis of MHC antigens, class I (human leukocyte antigens [HLA]-A, B, C, and @entity2262 ) and class II (HLA-DR, @entity3099 , HLA-DQ). Donor and recipient MHC antigen expression ( @entity1529 and HLA-B) was studied by use of monoclonal antibodies directed to polymorphic epitopes. It was found in 57 of 78 rejection episodes that the induction of class I MHC antigens on the normally negative myocyte membranes was related to the rejection process. Usually the induction was focally associated with lymphocytic infiltrates but in severe rejection was generalized on all myocyte membranes. After effective rejection treatment the class I induction was reversed. Class II (HLA-DR) MHC antigens were induced on most vessel endothelia. During rejection MHC antigens @entity3099 and HLA-DQ also were coexpressed on the endothelia of a few vessels. Donor @entity1529 and HLA-B antigens were expressed by endothelial and interstitial cells in comparable density but only in low amounts on myocyte membranes. Recipient interstitial cells infiltrated around vessels with time after transplantation. Most interstitial cells between myofibrils, however, remained those of the donor type until 1 year after transplantation. These results show that cardiac allografts undergo remarkable changes in the expression of MHC antigens during clinical complications after transplantation. Furthermore, the changes in alloantigen composition may influence the clinical course.

title: Sequential analysis of monomorphic and polymorphic major histocompatibility complex antigen expression in XXXX heart allograft biopsy specimens.

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2 microglobulin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of transdermal electromotive drug therapy (EMDT) on @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and @entity540 ( @entity540 ) expression and their receptors in plaques in @entity1 with @entity545 . METHODS: Tissue was obtained from 13 @entity1 with stable @entity545 who had undergone plaque excision because of @entity546 . Of the 13 @entity1 , 7 underwent EMDT with @entity619 , @entity1855 , and @entity3303 as first-line therapy before plaque excision and 6 were therapy naive. @entity2533 and @entity540 mRNA and protein expression and that of their receptors were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 52.83 years. The mean interval from the end of EMDT to plaque excision was 7.6 months, with stable disease for >or=5 months. The comparison of @entity2533 mRNA expression in the plaques showed no difference between the EMDT and therapy-naive @entity1 (P = .17). Also, @entity2533 protein expression in the plaques was not significantly different between the EMDT and therapy-naive @entity1 (P = .443). @entity2533 receptor 1 mRNA expression in the plaques was significantly different between the EMDT and therapy-naive @entity1 (P = .023), but no difference was found for @entity2533 receptor 2 mRNA (P = .292). The expression of @entity540 mRNA (P = .0005) and @entity540 protein expression (P = .034) in the plaques was significantly lower after EMDT. @entity540 receptor mRNA expression (P = .619) showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with Peyronie's had significantly lower @entity540 mRNA and @entity540 protein expression in the plaques after EMDT. Also, overexpression of @entity2533 protein and the @entity2533 receptor was identified in the EMDT plaques compared with the therapy-naive plaques.

title: Effect of transdermal electromotive drug therapy on fibrogenic cytokine expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile curvature']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the present study thromboelastography (TEG) was to study whether or not hypercoagulopathy might contribute to the @entity715 of implantable central venous access device (Port-A-Cath, Pharmacia) in @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: All 76 oncological @entity1 who were enrolled in this study had their R time, alpha angle and MA value measured before Port-A-Cath implantation, of whom 11 @entity1 received re-implantation because of @entity715 device. We compared the measurements of these 11 @entity1 ( @entity715 group) with that of 65 @entity1 (control group) who received Port-A-Cath implantation for the first time. According to TEG values the hemostatic status in these @entity1 was classified as hypercoagulable, normal or hypocoagulable for comparison. All @entity1 in the control group were followed up for 3 months for occurrence of @entity715 . RESULTS: It was found that no @entity1 in the @entity715 group was associated with hypercoagulopathy. Five @entity1 (7.5%) in the control group was found in hypercoagulable status at the time of catheter insertion but none of them developed clinical @entity715 during three months of observation. There was no significant difference between the two groups for R time, alpha angle but a higher MA value was found in the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the @entity49 (7.5% for the control vs. none for the @entity715 group), hypocoagulability (1.5% vs. 9.1%) and normocoagulability (91.0% vs. 90.9%) were not statistically different between the two groups (Fisher exact test, P = 0.229). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that hypercoagulopathy in @entity5 @entity1 has little, if any, contribution in @entity715 of the implantable central venous access device.

title: Thromboelastographic study of XXXX in the implantable central venous access device.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: One hundred and seven @entity1 (61 with diffuse large B-cell @entity1893 and 46 with @entity978 ) in relapse or following of primary therapy received @entity1260 3 g/m2 i.v. daily for 3 days in combination with @entity1259 50 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and @entity2879 200 mg/m2 i.v. days 1-3. Of the 46 @entity1 with @entity978 (28 male, 18 female, and a median age of 28 years) 85% of @entity1 had a response to treatment, with 17 achieving complete remission and 11 good partial remission. Twenty-eight proceeded to autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Twenty-three @entity1 remain alive in continuous remission with a follow-up of 12-61 months. The median overall survival time for all @entity1 in this group is 36 months. @entity137 , particularly WHO Grade IV @entity1398 , occurred in all @entity1 but improved over the three courses of treatment. There was no major non-haematological @entity137 . Further trials of this regimen in this clinical situation are indicated. The @entity1 with @entity1893 in this study had diffuse large @entity1892 and had only received first-line treatment. Twenty had primarily refractory disease, 15 had only achieved partial remissions (PR), and 26 had developed relapse following primary treatment. The overall response rate was 43%; it was 60% for those who had achieved initial PR, 58% for those in relapse after an initial CR or very good PR following initial therapy, but only 10% for those with primarily refractory disease. Tolerance to the regimen was similar to that observed in treatment of the @entity1 with @entity978 and many were able to undergo stem cell collection, following mobilization with this regimen. The 2-year overall survival result was 22% for @entity1 with some response to first-line treatment but 0% for primary refractory @entity1 .

title: High-dose XXXX in combination with @entity2879 and @entity1259 (IVE) in the treatment of relapsed/ @entity978 and @entity1893 : a report on @entity137 and efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Haematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the procedural success rate of balloon angioplasty for @entity849 in terms of its clinical impact on the subsequent management of these @entity1 . Most previous studies of balloon angioplasty have concentrated on the initial success rate (50-60%), complications (6-10%), recurrence rate ( approximately 15%), and technical issues. A favorable clinical impact was noted in only 35% of @entity1 . Over a 3-year period (March 1990 to March 1993), 32 @entity1 (17 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ) underwent 34 balloon angioplasty procedures. Their mean age at dilation was 7.6 +/- 4.3 years (range 1.1-19.0 years). Postoperative tetralogy of Fallot and tetralogy of Fallot with @entity1146 were the most frequent @entity299 (44%). The procedures were "technically" successful in 56% (19 of 34) of balloon dilations on the basis of at least two of the following criteria: an increase of >50% of the predilation diameter; an increase of >20% in the relative flow to the affected lung by radioisotope study; or a decrease in the systolic right ventricular/aortic pressure ratio from 85-100% to <60%. Twelve percent of the @entity1 had transient complications (two deep vein @entity715 , one unilateral @entity3126 , and one pneumothorax). In 17 of 19 (89%) of the @entity1 there was a favorable clinical impact on their subsequent care as based on one of the following criteria: resolution of the stenosis and avoidance of surgical intervention (n = 14); optimization of future surgical procedure (n = 3); reduction in right ventricular pressure to <60% of aortic pressure (n = 13). Five @entity1 who had unsuccessful balloon angioplasty and one with initially successful balloon angioplasty later underwent endovascular stent placement, which also favorably influenced their clinical status. The success rate of balloon angioplasty for @entity849 , when measured by strict procedural criteria, is accompanied by a favorable clinical impact in more than 50% of @entity1 . Hence this procedure should be the initial therapeutic modality in this setting despite the relatively high transient complication rate. The use of endovascular stents probably increases the favorable clinical impact.

title: Midterm clinical impact versus procedural success of balloon angioplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['branch pulmonary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['pulmonary artery stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Some studies have indicated @entity1 who received rituximab as adjuvant to stem cell transplantation had an increased risk of developing severe @entity7893 . The mechanism of this @entity7893 is unknown, although investigators have hypothesized a further delay in the B-cell recovery as one potential etiology. The aim of this study is to clarify the mechanism(s) of this @entity7893 . METHODS: A total of 14 @entity1 with high-risk @entity2225 + lymphoma underwent an autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT). After a hematological recovery, rituximab was given weekly for up to four doses as an adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: After a median follow up of 33.5 months, we found six @entity1 (group A) who had @entity7893 , while the eight other @entity1 (group B) had normal serum immunoglobulin levels. A phenotypical analysis revealed that group A @entity1 had already achieved B-cell recovery. However, we found a severe delay in the recovery of @entity2731 + memory B cells, especially in the IgD-/ @entity2731 + switched populations in group A, but @entity2731 negative naive B-cells reverted to a normal range in both groups. Consistent with this, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction studies with peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed that most @entity1 in group A lacked more than two classes of isotype transcripts. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal repertoires and impaired isotype expression are seen in @entity1 with common variable @entity465 , these data suggested that rituximab after APBSCT can affect not only the B-cell quantities, but also the recovery of the B-cell repertoires.

title: XXXX with a selective delayed recovery in memory B cells and an impaired isotype expression after rituximab administration as an adjuvant to autologous stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

answer: @entity7893 :: (MESH:D000361,Disease) :: ['Hypogammaglobulinemia']


abstract: The retroviral RNA genome is dimeric, consisting of two identical strands of RNA linked near their 5' ends by a dimer linkage structure. Previously it was shown that @entity45231 (HFV) RNA transcribed in vitro contained three sites, designated SI, SII, and SIII, which contributed to the dimerization process (O. Erlwein, D. @entity9909 , N. Fischer, A. Rethwilm, and M. O. McClure, Virology 229:251-258, 1997). To characterize these sites further, a series of mutants were designed and tested for their ability to dimerize in vitro. The primer binding site and a G tetrad in SI were dispensable for dimerization. However, a mutant that changed the 3' end of SI migrated slower on nondenaturing gels than wild-type RNA dimers. The sequence composition of the SII palindrome, consisting of 10 @entity2036 , proved to be critical for in vitro dimerization, since mutations within this sequence or replacement of the sequence with a different palindrome of @entity73 in vitro dimerization. The length of the palindrome also seems to play an important role. A moderate extension to 12 @entity2036 was tolerated, whereas an extension to 16 @entity2036 or more impaired dimerization. When @entity2036 flanking the palindrome were mutated in a random fashion, dimerization was unaffected. Changing the SIII sequence also led to decreased dimer formation, confirming its contribution to the dimerization process. Interesting mutants were cloned into the infectious molecular clone of HFV, HSRV-2, and were transfected into BHK-21 cells. Mutations in SII that reduced dimerization in vitro also abolished virus replication. In contrast, constructs containing mutations in SI and SIII replicated to some extent in cell culture after an initial drop in viral replication. Analysis of the @entity22791 mutant revealed reversion to the wild type but with the insertion of an additional two @entity2036 . Analysis of cell-free virions demonstrated that both replication-competent and replication-defective mutants packaged nucleic acid. Thus, efficient dimerization is a critical step for HFV to generate infectious virus, but HFV RNA dimerization is not a prerequisite for packaging.

title: Palindromic sequence plays a critical role in XXXX dimerization.

entities_list: @entity45231 :: ('11641', 'Species') :: ['human foamy virus']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['equal length impaired']

answer: @entity45231 :: (11641,Species) :: ['human foamy virus']


abstract: AIM: This paper is a report of a study conducted to compare the effects of two different @entity26 delivery methods on both @entity1 peripheral @entity26 saturation and @entity1 satisfaction. BACKGROUND: One of the most serious problems encountered in the early postoperative period is @entity519 . Giving @entity26 to @entity1 in the perioperative period reduces the incidence of @entity519 . @entity26 is generally delivered to @entity1 through @entity26 masks or nasal cannulae. Previous studies have shown that face masks and nasal cannulae are effective in the early postoperative period. METHOD: A randomized trial was conducted between 2007 and 2008 with @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy. In the early postoperative period, 5 L/minute of @entity26 was given to @entity1 via an @entity26 mask (n = 53) or nasal cannulae (n = 53). Peripheral @entity26 saturation were measured by pulse oxymeter every 5 minutes for a 30-minute period. The Postoperative Nausea Vomiting Scale was used and @entity1 satisfaction was evaluated using a 10-point scale. RESULTS: Average peripheral @entity26 saturation for the nasal cannulae group was statistically significant higher than that in the mask group. This difference arose from more frequent removal of the @entity26 mask than the nasal cannulae by @entity1 and healthcare professionals. Average satisfaction scores for @entity1 in the nasal cannulae group were statistically significantly higher than those in the mask group. CONCLUSION: During the early postoperative period, using nasal cannulae for @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy increases oxygenation.

title: Comparison of two different XXXX delivery methods in the early postoperative period: randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between health insurance status and @entity14 screening behavior among a diverse sample of ambulatory @entity1 . METHODS: Cross-sectional, retrospective study. Quota sampling techniques were used to recruit 52 insured/uninsured @entity1 > or =age 50 from three Midwestern medical clinics (N=104). Data were collected by interviewer-administered @entity14 screening questionnaires. RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent of the sample was in compliance with @entity14 testing guidelines. Insured compared to uninsured @entity1 were significantly more likely to have ever completed any testing (77% versus 33%), and were more likely to have undertaken testing according to current US guidelines (62% versus 17%), all ps < 0.001. Insured @entity1 also were significantly more likely than the uninsured to know about, receive physician recommendation to screen, and profess future intent to screen, ps < 0.001. Fewer uninsured @entity1 were tested for routine reasons compared to insured @entity1 . Significant group differences did not emerge on future preference for a particular screening methodology, if testing costs were equal. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that @entity14 screening depends, in part, on health insurance status. Increasing insurance coverage or resources for low-cost, accurate tests may facilitate future screening.

title: XXXX screening behavior and health insurance status (United States).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participants']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: New triplet chemotherapy combinations are under investigation in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity3003 , plus @entity1311 , plus @entity136 is among the most active and promising regimens. The use of more aggressive chemotherapy in order to improve results can increase @entity137 . @entity8503 ( @entity8503 ) reduces @entity137 of radiotherapy and chemotherapy and protects selectively a number of normal, but not neoplastic, tissue. Based on this background, we performed a phase II study on @entity3003 , plus @entity1311 , plus @entity136 with @entity8503 support in advanced @entity1149 . @entity1 received chemotherapy at the following dosage: @entity3003 AUC 5, i.v., at day 1; @entity1311 175 mg/m2, i.v. by 3-hour infusion, at day 1; @entity136 1000 mg/m2, i.v. by 3-hour infusion, at days 1 and 8; every 3 weeks for a maximum of 6 cycles. @entity8503 was administered at the dose of 740 mg/m2, i.v., at day 1 of each cycle. Seventeen @entity1 entered the study. They were prevalently male, median age was 62 years, PS (ECOG) was 0 in 10 cases (58.8%), 1 in 6 (35.3%) and 2 in 1 (5.9%). Histology was epidermoid in 8 cases (47%) and @entity420 in 9 (53%). We observed 8 (47.5%) objective responses with 2 (11.7%) complete responses. Median time to progression and median survival were 24 and 36 weeks, respectively. Treatment was well tolerated. The main @entity137 was as follows: grade 3 @entity1398 , grade 2 @entity882 and grade 3 @entity417 in one (5.8%) case; grade 2 peripheral @entity137 in 3 (17.6%) @entity1 ; grade 2 @entity1370 ( @entity955 ) in one case; and grade 3 @entity137 (dispnoea) in one @entity1 . These data indicate that this combination has promising activity and tolerability. A randomized trial comparing @entity3003 plus @entity1311 , plus @entity136 versus @entity3003 , plus @entity1311 , plus @entity136 , plus @entity8503 in advanced @entity1149 is warranted.

title: New triplet chemotherapy combination with @entity3003 , @entity1311 and @entity136 plus XXXX support in advanced @entity1149 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory toxicity', 'toxicity', 'neurologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['WR-2721', 'amifostine', 'Amifostine']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity8503 :: (MESH:D004999,Chemical) :: ['amifostine']


abstract: @entity455 are common in @entity1 and are often seen in skin and soft tissues. They are rarely observed in internal organs. They may be found singly or in a multiple fashion. The liver is the most frequently affected organ by this disease. The most common histological variety is the @entity8146 . This is a rare @entity5 of the @entity788 . The case of a six month old @entity1 with a @entity9451 , associated with @entity882 and digestive track @entity548 is presented. The case is clinically interesting due to the @entity1462 and its location. These in turn caused @entity409 which contributed to the @entity1 's @entity204 . Paradoxically, the @entity5 is not considered malignant and the secondarily produced liver lesions could have been prevented if the @entity1 would have been diagnosed correctly and at an earlier stage. @entity8146 ; @entity16970 ; neonatal @entity1448 .

title: [ XXXX of the @entity788 and choledochus, as a cause of cholestatic neonatal and Kasabach-Merrit syndromes].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive neonatal jaundice and very severe liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity16970 :: ('MESH:D059885', 'Disease') :: ['Kasabach-Merrit syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['Hemangioendothelioma', 'hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

answer: @entity8146 :: (MESH:D006390,Disease) :: ['Hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics of adult @entity981 ( @entity981 ), compare the efficacy of different induction regimens and analyze the prognostic factors. METHODS: Data of 149 @entity981 @entity1 hospitalized in our institute between June 1998 and December 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. The results were analyzed with the SPSS11.5 software. RESULTS: 1) Out of 133 @entity1 available immunophenotype data, 118 (88.7%) were B- @entity981 and 15 (11.3%) @entity981 . Cytogenetic analysis was performed in 105 @entity1 , 40 cases (38.1%) of them had a normal karyotype and 65 (61.9%) chromosome aberrations. 2) 149 @entity1 completed the VDCP, VDLP or VDCLP induction therapies (at least 4 weeks treatment for each), 140 (93.7%) of them achieved complete remission (CR) with the first course CR rates of 80.8%, 92.3% and 81.4% , respectively (P=0.618). CR rates in @entity1 after the induction regimens with or without asparaginase were 95.5% versus 92.1% (P=0.566). With a median follow-up of 14.5 (1-75) months, the median disease free survival (DFS) was 12 (1-74) months and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) 17.5 (1-97) months. DFS of the three regimen groups at 3 and 5 years were 18.5% and 14.8%, 24.7% and 9.9%, 39.5% and 39.5%, respectively (P=0.0066). 3) COX regression analysis showed that the age (over 40 years), white blood cell (WBC) count ( > 40 x 10(9)/L) , t(9;22) (q34;q11)-positive and less than 4 courses consolidation chemotherapy were the unfavorable prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity981 @entity1 are B- @entity981 and karyotype have more changed. More than 90% @entity1 can achieve CR with induction regimens consisting of 4 or 5 drugs. Induction regimens containing @entity4445 may not affect the CR rate, but can improve DFS and @entity1349 . Age and WBC at diagnosis, presence of t(9;22) (q34;q11) and the courses of post-remission treatment are important prognostic factors.

title: [Analysis of chemotherapeutic results and prognostic factors of adult XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['adult ALL', 'T-ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']