abstract: BACKGROUND: Predicting whether a fluid challenge will elicit 'fluid responsiveness' in @entity64 volume (SV) and arterial pressure is crucial for managing hypovolaemia and @entity551 . Pulse pressure variation ( @entity2286 ), SV variation ( @entity6355 ) and the plethysmographic variability index (PVI) have been shown to predict SV fluid responsiveness, and the @entity2286 / @entity6355 ratio has been shown to predict arterial pressure fluid responsiveness under various conditions. However, these variables have not been investigated in @entity1575 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate SV and arterial pressure fluid responsiveness in @entity1575 @entity1 by using dynamic preload and vascular tone variables. DESIGN: A prospective study of diagnostic accuracy. SETTINGS: A single-centre trial conducted from November 2013 to April 2015. @entity1 : Thirty-one adult @entity1 , recipients of a living donor liver transplantat. INTERVENTION: An intraoperative fluid challenge with 10mlkg of 0.9% normal saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity2286 , @entity6355 , cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index were measured using the Pulse index Continuous cardiac system. The PVI and perfusion index were measured using the Masimo Radical 7 co-oximeter. The @entity2286 , @entity6355 and PVI were measured to investigate SV fluid responsiveness, and the @entity2286 / @entity6355 ratio, perfusion index and systemic vascular resistance index were measured to investigate arterial pressure fluid responsiveness. RESULTS: The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for @entity2286 , @entity6355 and PVI were 0.794, 0.754 and 0.800, respectively (all P<0.001). The cut-off values for @entity2286 , @entity6355 and PVI were 10% (sensitivity 78.3%, specificity 79.5%), 12% (sensitivity 69.6%, specificity 71.8%) and 11% (sensitivity 95.7%, specificity 59.0%), respectively. However, all investigated vascular tone variables failed to predict arterial pressure and fluid responsiveness. CONCLUSION: Dynamic preload variables predicted SV fluid responsiveness. Therefore, these variables can be used for fluid management in @entity1575 @entity1 receiving mechanical ventilation. In contrast, vascular tone variables did not predict arterial pressure fluid responsiveness in @entity1575 @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01971333.

title: Predicting @entity64 volume and arterial pressure fluid responsiveness in XXXX @entity1 using dynamic preload variables: A prospective study of diagnostic accuracy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this multi-centre observational evaluation was to assess the percentage reduction in wound area of non-healing @entity4760 ( @entity4760 ), treated with Granulox haemoglobin spray over a 4-week period. Secondary outcome parameters-for example, adverse events, @entity1 acceptability and ease of use-were also recorded. METHOD: After a run-in-period (2 weeks for existing @entity1 and 4 weeks for new @entity1 ) to determine if the wounds were non-healing despite receiving local best practice, @entity1 whose foot @entity1066 had decreased in size by < 20% were then entered into the evaluation. A sample of 17 @entity1 (4 females and 13 males), comprising 4 with @entity164 1 and 13 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , with a total of 20 @entity4760 , met the inclusion criteria. These data were collected from six sites across the UK. RESULTS: There was an overall positive reduction in size in 15 of the wounds, equating to a mean reduction of 53.8% (standard deviation (SD): 26.6; range: 11.9-100%). One @entity1 , with two @entity1066 , had to be withdrawn due to @entity281 . All clinicians and @entity1 found the product easy to use. CONCLUSION: The addition of a topical oxygenation therapy in this cohort of non-healing @entity4760 showed reduction in wound surface area and progression to healing. The product was also found to be acceptable and very easy to use by both @entity1 and clinicians.

title: Evaluating the effect of a haemoglobin spray on size reduction in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers', 'DFUs']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['DFUs']


abstract: @entity2963 is considered an extraintestinal manifestation of @entity30 but has not been associated with @entity31 . To evaluate if an increased risk of @entity2963 exists in @entity1 with @entity31 , biliary ultrasonography was performed on 159 @entity1 with @entity29 , 114 @entity1 with @entity31 , and 45 @entity1 with @entity30 . A control population of 2453 residents of the town near the authors' institute was also studied. An echographic survey of @entity5990 was performed on the control subjects, who participated in the Multicentrica Italiana Colelitiasi (MICOL). Seventeen @entity1 with @entity29 had @entity5990 (10.7 percent), 11 @entity1 with @entity31 had @entity5990 (9.6 percent), and 6 @entity1 with @entity30 had @entity5990 (13.3 percent). In the control population, diagnosis of @entity2963 was made in 239 subjects (9.7 percent). An estimate of the relative risk (odds ratio) of @entity5990 in @entity31 and @entity30 and also in 4 subgroups formed on the basis of the extent of disease (total @entity31 , partial @entity31 , @entity30 with @entity13570 , @entity30 without @entity13570 ) with respect to the general population was calculated using logistic regression with @entity5990 , sex, age, and body mass index as independent variables and @entity29 as a dependent variable. The author's findings show an increased risk of @entity5990 in both @entity1 with @entity30 (odds ratio = 3.6; 95 percent confidence limits = 1.2 - 10.4; P = 0.02) and @entity1 with @entity31 (odds ratio = 2.5; 95 percent confidence limits = 1.2 - 5.2; P = 0.01). The risk was highest in @entity1 with @entity30 involving the distal ileum (odds ratio = 4.5; 95 percent confidence limits = 1.5 - 14.1; P = 0.009) and in @entity1 with total @entity31 extending to the cecum (odds ratio = 3.3; 95 percent confidence limits = 1.3 - 8.6; P = 0.01). These results confirm that there is an increased risk of @entity5990 in @entity30 but they show that there also exists an increased risk in @entity1 with total @entity31 .

title: XXXX in @entity29 . A case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['Cholelithiasis', 'cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's ileitis", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity2963 :: (MESH:D002769,Disease) :: ['Cholelithiasis']


abstract: Disturbances in plasma @entity972 concentration (pK) are well known risk factors for the development of @entity943 . The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effect of hemodialysis on exercise pK dynamics and @entity1162 , and whether @entity1162 is associated with the pK decrease following exercise. Twenty-two @entity454 @entity1 exercised on a cycle ergometer with incremental work load before and after hemodialysis. ECG was recorded and pK was measured during exercise and recovery. During exercise, pK increased from 5.1    0.2 to 6.1    0.2 mM (mean    SE; P < 0.0001) before hemodialysis and from 3.8    0.1 to 5.1    0.1 mM (P < 0.0001) after hemodialysis. After 2 min of recovery, pK had decreased to 5.0    0.2 mM and 4.1    0.1 mM (P < 0.0001) before and after hemodialysis, respectively. pK increase during exercise was accentuated after hemodialysis. The pK increase was negatively linearly correlated with pK before exercise (b = -0.21, R(2) = 0.23, P = 0.001). @entity1162 was negatively linearly correlated with the decrease in pK during recovery (b = -28 ms/mM, R(2) = 0.36, P = 0.006). Thus, during recovery, low pK was associated with relatively longer QT interval. In conclusion, new major findings are an accentuated increase in pK during exercise after hemodialysis, an attenuated increase in pK in @entity4144 , and an association between pK and QT interval adaptation during recovery. The acute pK shift after exercise may modulate QT interval adaptation and trigger @entity943 .

title: @entity972 dynamics are attenuated in XXXX and a determinant of QT adaptation in exercising hemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT hysteresis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia', 'cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity4144 :: (MESH:D006947,Disease) :: ['hyperkalemia']


abstract: @entity33724 is a novel PPARa/y dual ligand of the @entity12585 class and was recently developed as an anti- @entity6 drug with unique properties. @entity33724 also has anti-proliferative activity through growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in several @entity5 cell types. Our group has shown that @entity33724 targets several proteins in colorectal tumorigenesis including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-activated gene ( @entity23390 ) which plays an important role in chemoprevention responsible for chemopreventive compounds. @entity23390 is a member of the TGF-b superfamily and is involved in @entity5 progression and development; however, @entity23390 's roles in @entity788 have not been studied. In this report, we found that @entity33724 alters not only @entity23390 expression, but also @entity3544 and @entity4910 expression. @entity23390 and @entity3544 expression was not blocked by @entity6864 -specific antagonist @entity4301 , suggesting that @entity33724 -induced @entity23390 and @entity3544 expression is independent of @entity6864 activation. However, decreasing @entity4910 by @entity33724 seems to be affected by @entity6864 activation. Further, we found that the GC box located in the @entity23390 promoter play an important role in @entity23390 transactivation by @entity33724 . Subsequently, we screened several transcription factors that may bind to the GC box region in the @entity23390 promoter and found that @entity4730 potentially binds to this region. Expression of @entity4730 precedes @entity23390 and @entity3544 expression in the presence of @entity33724 , whereas blocking @entity4730 expression using specific @entity4730 siRNA showed that both @entity23390 and @entity3544 expression by @entity33724 was blocked. In conclusion, @entity33724 's actions on anti-proliferation involve both @entity6864 -dependent and -independent pathways, thereby enhancing anti-tumorigenesis in @entity788 cells.

title: A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligand @entity33724 imparts anti-proliferative response in XXXX cells by @entity6864 -independent up-regulation of @entity4730 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: The @entity25 / @entity751 has been reported to be rare in Britain. We have offered a clinical service for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition in Scotland for four years during which there has been an increase in referral rate from 19 @entity1 in year 1 to 61 in year 4. We report the clinical features of the 80 @entity1 . Seventy-eight snored and 70 were somnolent, each falling asleep at least once each day when not in bed. Ten reported falling asleep whilst driving or flying. Twenty-nine slept restlessly, 28 were not refreshed by sleep and 21 had nocturnal choking attacks. Ankle swelling was reported by 26 and 25 were @entity101 (diastolic BP greater than 95 mmHg). Two had @entity1378 and one @entity2012 . Nineteen have been successfully treated by continuous positive airway pressure therapy at home. The data suggest that regional centres should be established in Britain to diagnose and treat this condition.

title: Clinical features of the @entity25 / XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnoea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnoea']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['hypopnoea syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity9 is a condition that is still not well understood, although it affects a significantly high percentage of the population. The main problem lies in the fact that it can become a fairly disabling pathology. The most frequent treatment is based essentially on two drugs: @entity2682 and @entity4481 . Other pharmaceuticals, such as antidepressants, opioids or @entity1024 receptor antagonists can also be employed in combination with the primary drugs. All the same, treatment remains unsatisfactory. Furthermore, it must be borne in mind that there may be @entity1 who are @entity56 to the two main drugs. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 36-year-old female with @entity9 secondary to surgery to correct a @entity808 in the brachial plexus, who could not be treated with @entity2682 or @entity4481 because of a personal history of @entity566 to these substances. Treatment with another drug ( @entity13876 ), however, was very effective and displayed a very good response. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13876 is a third-generation antiepileptic drug that has been proven to be effective, safe and with few side effects. It has been considered a good therapeutic option for the treatment of @entity9 in @entity1 who are @entity56 to @entity4481 .

title: [ @entity13876 as an alternative in the treatment of post-surgery XXXX in an @entity56 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity13876 :: ('MESH:C403507', 'Chemical') :: ['lacosamide', 'Lacosamide']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Compliance with treatment guidelines for @entity101 is variable. This study assessed the competence of Polish general practitioners in compliance with @entity101 treatment guidelines, and doctor and @entity1 characteristics associated with compliance. METHODS: The study was conducted on a random sample of Polish primary-care doctors working in clinics contracted by the national health insurance funds. Doctors completed a questionnaire consisting of eight case vignettes describing @entity1 with elevated blood pressure. The cases differed on three variables relating to the level of blood pressure, the presence or absence of @entity6 , and the presence or absence of other risk factors. Doctors were asked to give their treatment decision for each case. Demographic data and details of the doctor's practice were also collected. Treatment decisions were tabulated, and associations between doctor and @entity1 characteristics and treatments were assessed. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five doctors (65% response rate) completed the questionnaire. Compliance with treatment guidelines was judged to be 51%. Poor compliance with guidelines was noted for @entity1 with @entity6 . The level of blood pressure was the strongest predictor of drug treatment. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were the most frequently prescribed medications. Appropriate decisions were associated with practice in large cities. CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with @entity101 treatment guidelines was judged to be poor in this study of a sample of Polish primary-care doctors using case vignettes to test competence. Additional emphasis on @entity101 guidelines in training doctors is needed, especially for @entity6 @entity1 and for doctors outside urban centres.

title: Competence of Polish primary-care doctors in the pharmacological treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity161 experience difficulties with @entity177 ( @entity177 ) that affect independence and participation in activities. Specifically, @entity177 impacts performance in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) that require flexible thinking and accommodation to complex environments. However, less is known how @entity161 affects @entity177 and individuals' performance in activities. IADL performance can be tested using a virtual reality (VR) environment that simulates real life activities. The purpose of this study was: 1) to examine the feasibility and validity of the Virtual Action Planning-Supermarket (VAP-S) to assess @entity177 in @entity1 with @entity161 as compared to a standardized @entity177 measure (the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome, BADS); 2) to compare performance of @entity1 with @entity161 and healthy controls in the VAP-S; 3) to assess the ability of the VAP-S to differentiate between different levels of @entity177 within @entity161 ; 4) to explore the relationships between negative and positive symptoms and performance on the tests. Thirty @entity1 with @entity161 were matched with 30 healthy controls. Significant differences in performance between research and control groups were detected on the VAP-S and BADS, with the research group performing worse. Large variations in number of purchases within the VAP-S by the research group point to level of task completion thus secondary analysis was conducted. There was a significant negative correlation between level of the negative signs and overall performance on the BADS and on most measures of the VAP-S. Results of this study support the use the VAP-S to assess @entity177 among @entity1 with @entity161 .

title: Using virtual reality to evaluate executive functioning among XXXX with @entity161 : a validity study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Executive Functioning', 'EF']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thrombolysis with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator improves the probability of complete neurological recovery if given promptly following the onset of acute @entity64 . Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) can reduce the risk of further @entity64 in selected @entity1 and is most effective within 14 days of the incident event. The safety of surgery so soon after thrombolysis is unknown. The aim of this study was to report the immediate outcomes of this management strategy early in the unit experience and to encourage pooling of data, recognizing that this will be an uncommon procedure even in busy stoke units with an active lysis programme. METHODS: Data were extracted from two prospectively collected databases, and included @entity1 demographics, type of @entity64 , type and timing of surgical procedure, and immediate outcome. On presentation with a @entity64 , all @entity1 underwent urgent computed tomography (CT) of the brain. Those eligible received thrombolysis according to the unit protocol. They underwent CT angiography 24 h after thrombolysis and @entity1 with a severe @entity543 had surgery. RESULTS: Ten of a cohort of 450 @entity1 who had received lysis underwent CEA. Seven of these were @entity1 and eight of the procedures were carried out under local anaesthetic. Surgery was performed a median of 8 (range 2-23) days after the index event; there were no major complications. CONCLUSION: Few @entity1 with @entity64 are eligible, but CEA performed soon after thrombolytic therapy for @entity64 appears to be safe.

title: Early carotid endarterectomy following thrombolysis in the hyperacute treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke', 'ischaemic stroke', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Today, @entity7499 is known to play a key role in @entity5 growth and development. Emerging @entity5 treatments are based on the suppression of @entity7499 , and modern imaging techniques investigate changes in the microvasculature that are caused by @entity7499 . As for other forms of @entity5 , @entity7499 is well recognised as a fundamental process in the development of @entity263 . The novelty of this extensive report on @entity7499 in @entity5 , with @entity263 and the imaging techniques able to detect it, is the new prospective to the subject. In contrast with the other available reviews, this report goes from 'theory' to 'practice', establishing a clear link between @entity7499 development and imaged @entity7499 features. Once the key role of @entity7499 in the development of @entity5 and in @entity263 has been fully described, attention is turned to the current imaging methods with the potential to assess the @entity7499 process and, as a consequence, to detect and @entity263 .     As confirmed by all available statistics, @entity5 represents a major clinical and societal problem in the developed world. The form of @entity5 with the highest incidence in @entity1 is @entity263 . For @entity263 , as well as for most forms of @entity5 , detection of the disease at an early stage is critical to reduce mortality and morbidity.     Today, it is well known that pathological @entity7499 represents a crucial step in @entity5 development and progression. Comparable with most forms of @entity5 , @entity7499 also plays a fundamental role for @entity263 growth.     As a consequence, @entity7499 is an ideal target not only for novel anti-angiogenic therapies, but also for modern imaging techniques that aim at @entity5 localisation by detection of angiogenic microvascular changes.     These techniques are mainly based on magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and nuclear imaging.     This paper provides a comprehensive review of the available studies on @entity7499 in @entity263 and its use by modern and emerging imaging techniques for @entity263 localisation.

title: Angiogenesis in XXXX : onset, progression and imaging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['particular prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'particular attention on prostate cancer', 'localise prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: This study examined the ability of cells isolated from early @entity1347 and from tissue from chronic nonunions to support bone and cartilage formation in vivo and their response to @entity30913 in vitro. Ostectomies (3 mm) were created in the radial diaphysis of four @entity235 . The @entity235 were splinted 3-5 days postoperatively and then allowed to bear full weight. At 7 days, tissue in the defect was removed and any periosteum was discarded; cells in the defect tissue were released by enzymatic digestion. The @entity235 were splinted again and allowed to bear full weight for 12 weeks. Radiographs confirmed a persistent nonunion in each @entity235 . Defect tissue was again removed, any periosteum was discarded, and cells were isolated. Cells were also obtained from the defect tissue by nonenzymatic means with use of explant cultures. One-half of the tissue and one-half of any preconfluent, first-passage cultures were shipped to Cleveland by overnight carrier. At second passage, cells were loaded into ceramic cubes and implanted into immunocompromised @entity19 for 3 or 6 weeks. Harvested cubes were examined histologically for cartilage and bone with use of a semiquantitative scoring system. Confluent fourth-passage cultures of 7 and 84-day defect tissue cells were cultured with 0.03-0.88 ng/ml @entity30913 for 24 hours, and @entity665 incorporation and alkaline phosphatase specific activity were determined. Donor-dependent differences were noted in the rate at which defect cells achieved confluence; in general, cells from 7-day tissue divided most rapidly. Seven-day defect cells formed less bone and at a slower rate than was seen in the ceramic cubes containing samples from day 84. Cells derived enzymatically behaved similarly to those from explant cultures. Ceramic cubes contained fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, bone, and fat, indicating that multipotent cells were present. Stimulation of @entity665 incorporation in response to @entity30913 was donor dependent and variable; only two of six separate isolates of cells exposed to it had measurable alkaline phosphatase activity (which was relatively low), and none of the cultures exhibited an increase in response to @entity30913 for 24 hours. This indicates that mesenchymal progenitor cells are present in the healing defect tissue at 7 and 84 days and that the relative proportion of osteochondroprogenitor cells is greater at the later time. The response to @entity30913 is typical of multipotent mesenchymal cells but not of committed chondrocytes or osteoblasts, indicating that these committed and differentiated cells are not present in early stages of healing and suggesting that their differentiation is inhibited in chronic nonunion.

title: Osteochondral progenitor cells in acute and chronic XXXX nonunions.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['healing segmental defects']

entities_list: @entity30913 :: ('403998(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity35644 ( @entity35644 ) proteins play a role in vesicle fusion, exocytosis, and intracellular trafficking in neuronal cells as well as in fertilization and embryogenesis. We investigated the expression patterns of two @entity35644 proteins, @entity30796 and @entity35645 ( @entity35645 ), and their regulation by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) during @entity19 ovarian follicular development. Ovaries were obtained at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48  h post-PMSG injection of immature @entity19 . @entity30796 and @entity35645 mRNA expression levels increased gradually in a time-dependant manner. However, protein levels revealed different patterns of expression, suggesting different translational regulation following PMSG stimulation. @entity30796 and @entity35645 expression was closely associated with thickening of the granulosa cell (GC) layer and follicle morphological changes from a flattened to a cuboidal shape. To explore @entity29097 ( @entity29097 )-mediated regulation of their expression, GCs from preantral follicles were cultured to examine the effects of @entity29097 siRNA knockdown. @entity29097 siRNA abolished upregulation of the SNAREs in both PMSG and FSH-stimulated GCs. This abolished gene expression was rescued by adding @entity5393 to the cultures. These results suggest that @entity30796 and @entity35645 expression is regulated via the @entity29097 -cAMP pathway during follicular development.

title: Expression and regulation of @entity30796 and XXXX in developing @entity19 ovarian follicles via the FSH receptor.

entities_list: @entity35644 :: ('53612(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['SNARE', 'Soluble-NSF attachment protein receptor']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity29097 :: ('14309(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['follicle stimulating hormone receptor', 'FSHR']

answer: @entity35645 :: (54525(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['synaptotagmin VII']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2969 ( @entity2969 ) are the most frequent malignancy seen in young @entity1 . More than 95% of @entity1 diagnosed with early stage @entity2969 are cured. In management of @entity5 there are several treatment options, including adjuvant radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy with one cycle of @entity3003 or surveillance. @entity1 with stage I nonseminoma are treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, with nerve sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection or surveillance being considered another treatment alternatives for stage I disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty five @entity1 with stage I @entity2969 were diagnosed and treated in Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute between January 2000 to December 2004. In a retrospective analysis, we reviewed treatment outcome and treatment strategy used in these @entity1 . @entity1 characteristics also included histological subtype, risk status, age at the time of diagnosis, relapse rate, delayed @entity137 , etc. Despite the small number of @entity1 included in the analysis (55), there was observed a clear preference toward adjuvant radiotherapy in @entity4797 @entity1 (95%) and adjuvant chemotherapy in nonseminoma @entity1 (97%). During median follow up (5,6 years in @entity4797 group, 5,7 years in nonseminoma group) only two @entity1 experienced relapse of @entity4797 group and none in the nonseminoma group. One @entity1 died of metastatic @entity14 . Acute @entity137 was acceptable, with no treatment related @entity204 . The long- term side effects were not significant (no grade 3 or 4 @entity137 ). CONCLUSION: The achieved cure rates were high, with acceptable @entity137 . The role of adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity3003 in @entity5 remains controversial. Further management of @entity2969 should be guided by complete and correct assessment of known risk factors to ensure the potential for cure.

title: [Adjuvant treatment for stage I of testicular germ cell XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I seminoma']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular germ cell tumors', 'TGCT']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['disease in the seminoma', 'seminoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the rate of spontaneous @entity3152 and preterm @entity4942 ( @entity4942 ) in @entity1 with @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 3. METHODS: This retrospective cohort analysis was performed on routinely collected Scottish national data. The exposed cohort comprised all @entity1 with CIN3; the unexposed cohort were @entity1 with no record of @entity3146 . Further comparisons were made within the exposed cohort based on the type of treatment they had for CIN3. The primary outcomes were spontaneous @entity3152 and preterm @entity4942 in their first pregnancies. RESULTS: @entity1 with CIN3 were significantly more likely to have spontaneous preterm deliveries (11% compared with 6%, odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-1.80, P<.001) and preterm @entity4942 (8% compared with 6%, OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.48, P=.001) as compared with the unexposed population. These differences were not seen between the different treatment groups within the exposed cohort. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with CIN3 have higher rates of spontaneous @entity3152 and preterm @entity4942 than do those in the general population. Loop electrosurgical excision procedure did not alter these pregnancy complication rates. @entity1 should be counseled adequately before treatment but should be reassured regarding the treatment of @entity3146 on the risk of @entity3152 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: Pregnancy outcome after treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4942 :: ('MESH:D005322', 'Disease') :: ['premature rupture of membranes', 'PROM']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: Acute enlargement of @entity977 due to @entity548 or @entity39 in the @entity5 was described as "pituitary apoplexy" by Brougham et al. in 1950. Since then, more than 200 cases have been reported, but--especially in the German literature--the syndrome has caught only little attention. Therefore, in a series of 12 own @entity1 , typical findings and clinical characteristics are demonstrated and the literature is discussed. 9 @entity1 had a @entity5 , 3 an acute @entity39 . The guiding symptom was the acute onset with @entity4610 (11 of 12 @entity1 ). Only in one case the @entity652 was known before the apoplexy. Other symptoms were @entity10 , @entity227 , drowsiness and, in severe cases, @entity1269 , @entity772 , and @entity1640 . Most important is the acute endocrinological substitution with @entity701 ; this may be life-saving. Neuroophthalmological recovery depends on early operation: cases of @entity2895 require an operation within the first 2 weeks after the acute event. An emergency operation is required only by an acute @entity1939 . In general there will be enough time for careful clinical endocrinological and radiological investigations.

title: [Acute @entity548 and ischemic necroses in hypophyseal XXXX : hypophyseal apoplexy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage into the tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor palsy']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['amaurosis']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the occurrence characteristics, dynamic variations and potential risks of @entity1820 ( @entity5 ) in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 54 @entity5 @entity1 were retrospectively recruited from January 1981 to September 2010. There were 51 males (94.4%) and 3 females (5.6%) with an average age of (74    1) years. During each visit, all the relevant data were collected, including symptoms, number of lesion, lesion location, shape, size (maximum transverse diameter under endoscope or endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), morphology of mucosa, frequency and duration of follow-ups, treatment and pathological results. And the data were analyzed to examine the characteristics of @entity5 in elderly @entity1 and their dynamic variations. Further more, according to lesion diameter, they were divided into two groups: a diameter  <= 1 cm (n = 36) and a diameter > 1 cm and  <= 3 cm (n = 16). Then the change of two groups were observed and compared during the follow-ups. RESULTS: Two cases were not under surveillance after direct surgical resection. The other 52 @entity1 received a follow-up of 22 years. Among them, 5 @entity1 underwent surgical resection for fast-growing @entity5 and @entity9645 . And all their pathologic diagnoses were malignant. Only 1 @entity1 (2.8%) in the diameter  <= 1 cm group and 4 in the diameter > 1 cm and  <= 3 cm group turned malignant at 6 years. But, among 4 @entity1 , the shortest interval was merely 14 months. Therefore, compared with the diameter > 1 cm group, the diameter  <= 1 cm group had a lower rate of @entity5 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of smaller @entity5 (especially diameter  <= 1 cm) is high in elderly @entity1 , but the malignant potential remains low. Therefore, for elderly @entity1 whose diameters of @entity5 are no bigger than 3 cm and without obvious @entity5 under endoscope or EUS, we may plan an appropriate surveillance interval based on the size of @entity5 during a long follow-up period.

title: [A retrospective study of 22 years endoscopic follow-up in elderly @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'SMT', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['smaller gastrointestinal submucosal tumor']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal ulcer']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal submucosal tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The goal of this study was to present a procedure that would enable mathematical analysis of the increase of linear sizes of @entity1 anatomical structures, estimate mathematical model parameters and evaluate their adequacy. Section material consisted of 67 foetuses-rectus abdominis muscle and 75 foetuses- biceps femoris muscle. The following methods were incorporated to the study: preparation and anthropologic methods, image digital acquisition, Image J computer system measurements and statistical analysis method. We used an anthropologic method based on age determination with the use of crown-rump length- @entity18204 (V- @entity7332 ) by Scammon and Calkins. The choice of mathematical function should be based on a real course of the curve presenting growth of anatomical structure linear size    in subsequent weeks t of pregnancy. Size changes can be described with @entity1347 or one-function model with accuracy adequate enough for clinical purposes. The interdependence of size-age is described with many functions. However, the following functions are most often considered: linear, polynomial, spline, logarithmic, power, exponential, power-exponential, log-logistic I and II, Gompertz's I and II and von Bertalanffy's function. With the use of the procedures described above, mathematical models parameters were assessed for V-PL (the total length of body) and @entity18204 body length increases, rectus abdominis total length h, its segments hI, hII, hIII, @entity16090 , as well as biceps femoris length and width of long head (LHL and LHW) and of short head (SHL and SHW). The best adjustments to measurement results were observed in the exponential and Gompertz's models.

title: Mathematical modelling of the growth of XXXX fetus anatomical structures.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['a segmental-linear model']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity302 with @entity3148 is characterized by @entity3148 , absence, tonic-clonic, and eventually tonic @entity410 , appearing in previously normal @entity1 at ages 18-60 months. We analyzed the electroclinical features, treatment, and outcome of 69 @entity1 with @entity3148 ; these @entity1 were followed between 1990 and 2012 at the Juan P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina. No structural or metabolic etiology was identified. Based on the electroclinical features and evolution, two groups could be distinguished. The first group of 39 @entity1 with @entity2045 and @entity3148 with or without generalized @entity410 and absences associated with generalized spike- and polyspike-and-wave paroxysms had excellent prognoses. The second group of 30 @entity1 had @entity2045 and @entity3148 associated with other @entity410 types including tonic @entity410 ; some had @entity159 and  @entity73 . The interictal EEG showed frequent generalized spike- and polyspike-and-wave paroxysms. In 16 @entity1 , the @entity410 remitted within 3.6 years. The two groups were distinguished in retrospect, when enough time had elapsed to evaluate @entity73 and different @entity410 types. In conclusion, @entity302 with @entity3148 is an @entity302 with a broad clinical spectrum and variable prognosis.

title: @entity302 with XXXX : an electroclinical study of 69  @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic', 'myoclonic jerks']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic syndrome', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic atonic seizures', 'myoclonic-atonic', 'myoclonic-atonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic status epilepticus']

answer: @entity3148 :: (MESH:D004831,Disease) :: ['myoclonic atonic seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The resection of two lobes for @entity1149 has the potential for significant morbidity and mortality as well as a negative impact on survival. The purpose of this study is to analyze our bilobectomy experience. METHODS: Age, gender, diagnosis, bilobectomy type, bilobectomy indication, operative technique, pathologic condition, major complications, stage, and survival were reviewed from 1984 through 2007. Major complications were compared by Fisher's exact testing. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared by log-rank and likelihood ratio analysis. RESULTS: Bilobectomies were performed on 92 @entity1 with @entity1149 . A total of 35 upper-middle and 57 middle-lower bilobectomies were performed. Indications for bilobectomy were bronchial involvement (n = 49), extension across the fissure (n = 36), or other reasons (n = 7). The 5-year survival for all @entity1 was 42%. Significant differences in survival were observed among the different stages (stage I, 65%; stage II, 42%; stage III, 13%; P < .0001). @entity957 had a higher 5-year survival than @entity420 (54% vs 32%), a difference that approached significance by log-rank test (P < .079) and reached significance by likelihood ratios (P < .048). When bilobectomy was performed for extension across the fissure, survival approached significance for @entity957 (71%) over @entity420 (42%) by log-rank test (P < .089) and was significant by likelihood ratio (P < .048) when comparing survival between @entity420 and @entity957 . Multivariate analysis demonstrated that increasing age (P = .0102) and upper_middle bilobectomy (P = .0285) adversely affected 5-year survival, whereas early-stage disease (P = .0245) beneficially affected 5-year survival. CONCLUSION: Bilobectomy can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Survival relates to disease stage. Optimal survival benefit occurs when the indication for bilobectomy is @entity957 extending across the fissure.

title: Bilobectomy for XXXX : a search for clinical factors that may affect perioperative morbidity and long-term survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinomas', 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: In this study we have investigated the interaction of @entity815 ( @entity815 ), @entity3793 (His), @entity669 (Tyr), and @entity2340 (Tryp) molecules with @entity15583 and single walled @entity505 nanotubes (CNTs) with an aim to understand the effect of curvature on the non-covalent interaction. The calculations are performed using density functional theory and the Moller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory ( @entity4885 ) within linear combination of atomic orbitals-molecular orbital (LCAO-MO) approach. Using these methods, the equilibrium configurations of these complexes were found to be very similar, i.e., the aromatic rings of the @entity1522 prefer to orient in parallel with respect to the plane of the substrates, which bears the signature of weak pi-pi interactions. The binding strength follows the trend: His<Phe<Tyr<Tryp. Although the qualitative trend in binding energy is almost similar between the planar @entity15583 and rolled nanotube structure but they differ in terms of the absolute magnitude. For the nanotube, the binding strength of these molecules is found to be weaker than the @entity15583 sheet. To get an insight about the nature of these interactions, we have calculated the polarizability of the aromatic motifs of the @entity1522 . Remarkably, we find excellent correlation between the polarizability and the strength of the interaction; the higher the polarizability, greater is the binding strength. Moreover, we have analyzed the electronic densities of state spectrum before and after adsorption of the @entity535 moieties. The results reveal that the Fermi level of the free CNT is red-shifted by the adsorption of the @entity1522 and the degree of shift is consistent with the trend in polarizability of these molecules.

title: A theoretical study on the interaction of aromatic amino acids with XXXX and single walled @entity505 nanotube.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe', 'phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity15583 :: (MESH:D006108,Chemical) :: ['graphene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression levels of @entity4756 and @entity4756 receptors in uterine @entity2909 and matched myometrium. DESIGN: Laboratory study. SETTING: University research laboratories and academic hospital. @entity1 (S): @entity1 undergoing hysterectomy for symptomatic @entity2909 . INTERVENTION(S): Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Expression and tissue immunostaining of @entity4757 , @entity4757 , hemokinin-1, neurokinin 1 receptor full-length ( @entity9766 -Fl) and truncated ( @entity9766 -Tr) isoforms, and @entity32776 ( @entity32776 ) in paired samples of @entity2909 and adjacent normal myometrium. RESULT(S): @entity4757 messenger RNA (mRNA) was significantly up-regulated in @entity2909 , whereas intense immunoreaction for the three peptides was particularly abundant in connective tissue cells. Differential regulation of @entity9766 mRNA was observed, and at the protein level there was a significant increased expression of @entity9766 short isoform ( @entity9766 -Tr). @entity32776 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in @entity2909 , although levels of @entity32776 protein were similar in normal and @entity5 cells. CONCLUSION(S): These and our previous data demonstrate that the whole tachykinin system is differentially regulated in @entity2909 . The increased expression of @entity9766 -Tr might stimulate @entity2909 growth in a similar way to that observed in other @entity479 -dependent @entity5 .

title: Altered expression of the XXXX @entity4757 / @entity4757 /hemokinin-1 and their preferred neurokinin 1/ @entity4757 receptors in uterine leiomyomata.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity32776 :: ('6865', 'Gene') :: ['TACR2', 'neurokinin 2 receptor', 'NK2R']

entities_list: @entity4757 :: ('6863', 'Gene') :: ['substance P', 'neurokinin A', 'TAC1']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas', 'leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin', 'tachykinins']

answer: @entity4756 :: (MESH:D015320,Chemical) :: ['tachykinins']


abstract: AIMS: Round-cell @entity242 lacking specific translocations represent a diagnostic challenge. The aim of this study was to describe seven cases of CIC- @entity33694 fusion-positive @entity242 , including the first reported example arising primarily in bone. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 ranged in age from 15 years to 44 years (median: 33 years). Six cases arose from the soft tissues, and one from the iliac bone. Morphologically, all cases showed an undifferentiated round-cell population with greater atypia and pleomorphism than @entity2828 . Immunohistochemically, all @entity5 showed focal and weak positivity for @entity3778 , and five of seven showed nuclear and/or cytoplasmic positivity for @entity3969 1. Five @entity1 had lung metastases at presentation. All @entity1 received chemotherapy according to @entity2828 protocols. All but one @entity1 (the one with a @entity5 ) died of disease after a mean of 14.5 months from the diagnosis (range: 8-20 months). CONCLUSIONS: Our series confirms that CIC- @entity33694 fusion-positive @entity242 are @entity5 with an adverse prognosis, and with clinical, histological and genetic differences from @entity2828 . The best therapeutic approach needs to be investigated.

title: CIC- @entity33694 fusion-positive round-cell XXXX of soft tissue and bone: a single-institution morphological and molecular analysis of seven cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumours', 'tumours', 'bone tumour']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumour']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: @entity6237 is a new antiarrhythmic drug which suppresses different kinds of experimental @entity943 . We studied the efficacy of @entity6237 on reperfusion- and barium-induced @entity1165 in the isolated perfused @entity35 heart by monitoring heart rate, coronary flow rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, dp/dtmax, and the voltage of the epicardial electrogram. Seventy-five male @entity35 were randomized into 5 groups. In group I, after a 15 min period of stabilization, hearts were perfused by ischemic perfusion and then reperfused. In group II, @entity6237 (10(-6) M) was given after stabilization and before ischaemic perfusion. In group III, @entity12947 (10(-3) M) was given after stabilization. In group IV, @entity6237 was given after stabilization and before @entity12947 administration. In group V, @entity934 (10(-6) M) was given after stabilization and before @entity12947 administration. In group I, we noted during @entity63 a reduction in heart rate, coronary flow rate, left ventricular systolic pressure and dp/dtmax and an increase in the voltage of the epicardial electrogram. In group II, after administration of @entity6237 , we observed a reduction in heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure and dp/dtmax; during the ischaemic period there was no difference in these parameters with respect to group I. Reperfusion induced @entity943 in 12 out of 15 hearts in group I and in only 3 out of 15 in group II (p less than 0.005). Barium induced @entity943 in the 15 hearts studied in group III as well as in group IV. On the contrary, @entity934 in group V prevented the occurrence of barium-induced @entity943 (p less than 0.005 vs group III and IV). Thus, @entity6237 is able to reduce reperfusion-induced @entity943 , but is unable to reduce barium-induced @entity943 , presumably because of a different mechanism of these two types of @entity943 .

title: Effect of @entity6237 on reperfusion- and barium-induced @entity1165 in the isolated perfused XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity12947 :: ('MESH:C024986', 'Chemical') :: ['barium chloride']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['Flecainide acetate', 'flecainide acetate']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine chloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The incidence of @entity3 of the central nervous system (CNS) is increasing, due to the improvement of the overall survival of @entity5 @entity1 . @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are now more often identified, although the criteria used for the diagnosis and monitoring remains inadequate. @entity3 should be diagnosed at an early stage of the disease before the setting of @entity51 , in order to improve the quality of life of @entity1 . Therapeutic indications remain difficult, though some criteria have been proposed. Prolonged survivals have been reported even in the presence of identified poor prognostic factors at the time of the diagnosis of @entity3 . The median survival of untreated @entity1 is 4 to 6 weeks. Specific treatment may prolong survival by several months. Only six randomized studies are available. All theses studies have limitations due to the difficulty of including these @entity1 in homogeneous trials, with a good methodology and for a time acceptable to the @entity1 enrolment. The treatment requires a combination of chemotherapy and targeted therapies administrated systemically or via intra-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) route, surgery and radiotherapy. @entity1 management is specific but requires a multidisciplinary approach, which may vary according to the characteristics of @entity693 , the characteristics of @entity5 , the general condition of @entity1 and previous lines of treatments. Our objective was to describe the current management of @entity3 of solid @entity5 .

title: [Treatment of the leptomeningeal @entity3 related to solid XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'primary tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Leptomeningeal metastases', 'LM']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: We report 12 cases of aortic valve replacement performed for @entity12040 and discuss the genesis of @entity337 and the clinical outcome after aortic valve replacement. This group of twelve @entity1 who underwent aortic valve replacement between April 1982 and March 1990 included four male and eight female @entity1 , aged 24 to 67 years (mean age 48 years). Preoperative angiography showed systemic multiple stenoocclusive or aneurysmal dilated @entity455 in addition to @entity337 . The multiple lesions included a lesion in the aortic arch branch in nine (75%), in the pulmonary artery in seven (58%), an @entity384 in the ascending aorta of more than 6 cm in four (33%), a coronary lesion in four (33%), a @entity2333 in six (50%), and a lesion in the abdominal aorta and its visceral branch in six (50%). Simple aortic valve replacement alone was performed in two @entity1 and in combination with another operation in ten @entity1 , with aortic root reconstruction in two, ascending aortic plication in three, coronary artery bypass grafting in two, aortic arch branch bypass grafting in one, aortic arch branch bypass grafting and coronary ostium endarterectomy in one, and mitral valve replacement and ascending aortic plication in one. There was no operative @entity204 , and only one @entity1 died later, 18 months after the operation, because of secondary @entity2783 . The postoperative recovery of the clinical status and cardiac function was good. Intraoperative observations suggested that @entity337 may be caused by an extension of @entity3665 , although histopathologic examinations of the valve showed nonspecific findings. One of the characteristic problems in @entity12040 is the necessity for @entity617 administration in some @entity1 preoperatively or postoperatively, or both. We conclude that aortic valve replacement for @entity1 with @entity12040 is an effective and safe treatment. Our data related to the genesis of @entity337 in @entity12040 remain insufficient to draw conclusions, and further analysis is planned.

title: Aortic valve replacement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilation']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis"]

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation', 'aortic valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic lesion']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu's arteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether increasing doses of orally administered @entity1483 are associated with impaired survival in outpatients with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and left ventricular (LV) @entity299 . METHODS: Transthoracic echo-Doppler examination was carried out at baseline in 813 consecutive @entity712 outpatients with LV ejection fraction  <= 45%. The total daily dose of @entity1483 was assessed for each @entity1 . @entity740 ( @entity740 ) was defined by a glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). The end-point was all-cause mortality. To control the prognostic effect of @entity1483 for the propensity of using high doses of the drug, the Cox model was stratified by the propensity score, itself computed from a multivariable logistic model. Mean follow up was 44 months. RESULTS: After stratification for the propensity score, the risk of @entity204 increased linearly across quartiles of @entity1483 dose (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.14-1.68, p < 0.001). A daily dose of 50 mg was identified as the best threshold value to predict a high risk of @entity204 within 3 years with an area under the ROC curve of 0.68 (95% CI 0.64-0.72). Increasing doses of @entity1483 were associated with an increased risk of @entity204 regardless of LV filling pattern, @entity740 and background therapy with ACE-inhibitors or beta-blockers. CONCLUSIONS: In outpatients with @entity712 , after stratification for the propensity score, the risk of @entity204 increased linearly across quartiles of @entity1483 daily dose. A threshold @entity1483 dose of 50 mg was related with the worse outcome.

title: Effects on survival of loop diuretic dosing in ambulatory @entity1 with XXXX using a propensity score analysis.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: A mechanistic model was applied to quantitatively derive the kinetic parameters from in vitro hepatic uptake transport data. These parameters were used as input to simulate in vivo elimination using a fully mechanistic physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. @entity682 and @entity32893 , both BDDCS class 3 drugs, were chosen as model compounds. In @entity35 , both compounds are hardly metabolized and are eliminated unchanged mostly through @entity644 . Uptake was estimated in this study based on plated @entity35 hepatocytes, and a mechanistic model was used to derive the active and passive transport parameters, namely Michaelis-Menten uptake parameters (V(maxI) and K(mI,u)) together with passive diffusion (P(dif)) and nonspecific binding. Maximum transport velocity and passive diffusion were scaled to in vivo parameters (J(maxI) and PS(TC)) using hepatocellularity. Biliary excretion, through passive and active transport, was assessed from in vivo studies. These transport parameters were then used as input in a whole body physiologically based model in which the liver compartment was parametrized for the different passive and active transport processes. Each of the processes was linked to the free concentration in the relevant compartment. For @entity32893 hepatic uptake, no passive diffusion and no binding were detected in vitro besides the active transport (K(mI,u) = 88.4 +/- 8.1 microM, V(maxI) = 384 +/- 19 pmol/mg/min). @entity682 was rapidly taken up into @entity35 hepatocytes (K(mI,u) = 271 +/- 35 microM, V(maxI) = 3162 +/- 274 pmol/mg/min), and some contribution of passive diffusion to the uptake (P(dif) = 2.08 +/- 0.67 microL/mg/min) was observed. For @entity682 , the biliary export rate was found to be slower than the uptake, leading to drug accumulation in liver. No accumulation was observed for @entity32893 where excretion was faster than hepatic uptake. Observed plasma, liver and bile concentration time profiles were compared to PBPK simulations based on scaled in vitro transport kinetic parameters. An uncertainty analysis indicated that for both compounds the scaled in vitro uptake clearance had to be adjusted with an additional empirical scaling factor of 10 to match the plasma and liver concentrations and @entity644 profiles. Applying this model, plasma clearance (CL(P)) and half-life (t(1/2)), maximum liver concentration (C(maxL)) and fraction excreted in bile (f(bile)) were predicted within 2-fold. In vitro uptake data had most impact on the simulated plasma and @entity644 profiles, while accurate simulations of liver concentrations required also quantitative estimates of @entity644 transport. This study indicated that the mechanistic model allowed for accurate evaluation of in vitro experiments; and the scaled kinetic parameters of hepatic uptake transport enabled the prediction of in vivo PK profiles and plasma clearances, using PBPK modeling.

title: Mechanistic modeling of hepatic transport from cells to whole body: application to @entity32893 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['biliary excretion']

entities_list: @entity682 :: ('MESH:C093230', 'Chemical') :: ['Fexofenadine', 'fexofenadine']

entities_list: @entity32893 :: ('MESH:C087198', 'Chemical') :: ['napsagatran']

answer: @entity682 :: (MESH:C093230,Chemical) :: ['fexofenadine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In @entity991 ( @entity991 ) dominant stenoses are frequently associated with bacterial, and in part, also @entity364 of the bile ducts. In the present study, the influence of dominant stenoses and of @entity281 on the long-term outcome was studied. METHODS: In a prospective study, 171 @entity1 were followed up for 20 years. All @entity1 were treated with @entity10055 . Dominant stenoses were treated endoscopically and during endoscopic procedures, bile was obtained for microbiologic analysis. RESULTS: Of the 171 @entity1 , 97 had or developed major bile duct stenoses and 96/97 were treated endoscopically. In the 55/97 @entity1 with dominant @entity850 , bile samples were obtained and of these, 41/55 had bacteria, five had also Candida and 2/55 had only Candida in their bile. Survival free of liver transplantation in @entity1 without dominant @entity850 at 18 years was 73.1% and of @entity1 with dominant @entity850 was 25.0% (p=0.011). Bacteria in bile had no effect on survival whereas Candida in bile was associated with reduced survival (p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with dominant @entity850 , survival free of liver transplantation is reduced. Bacteria in bile do not worsen the outcome if dominant stenoses are opened endoscopically and @entity281 is adequately treated with antibiotics. Candida in bile is associated with a poor prognosis and these @entity1 need liver transplantation relatively soon.

title: Influence of dominant bile duct stenoses and @entity281 on outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['biliary infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate a possible overestimation of the degree of contralateral carotid @entity2791 by duplex in @entity1 with significant bilateral carotid stenoses who are to undergo carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of all @entity1 undergoing CEA in our center over a period of 11 years. Pre- and postoperative duplex ultrasonography measurements of peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) were compared and used to classify the degree of @entity850 . Univariate analysis was performed to indicate possible predictors for @entity850 overestimation. RESULTS: A total of 384 CEA procedures in 357 @entity1 were performed in our hospital. Pre- and postoperative bilateral duplex measurements were available in 135 @entity1 . Forty-four out of 135 @entity1 (33%) were preoperatively identified as having significant @entity850 (>60%) of the internal carotid artery on both sides. In these @entity1 , postoperative duplex measurements of the contralateral carotid showed a decrease in mean (SD) PSV from 2.53 (1.11) m s(-1) to 1.97 (0.87) m s(-1) (P<0.01) and a decrease in EDV from 0.87 (0.60) m s(-1) to 0.60 (0.36) m s(-1) (P<0.01). The absolute changes in contralateral PSV and EDV after CEA were larger among @entity1 with a higher degree of @entity850 preoperatively. These changes led to reclassification of @entity850 to a lesser degree in 24 (55%) @entity1 . In 16 cases (36%), this resulted in a measured @entity850 on the contralateral side of less than 60%. CONCLUSIONS: One-third of the @entity1 with duplex measurements consistent with bilateral significant @entity543 did not have a significant @entity850 by duplex after CEA. Therefore, additional postoperative duplex measurement is advisable before planning contralateral CEA.

title: Overestimation of contralateral internal carotid XXXX before ipsilateral surgical endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['artery stenosis']


abstract: The present study investigated the effects of @entity36176 ( @entity5980 ) on the thyroid and @entity134 -metabolizing system in @entity12178 ( @entity12178 ) parr. Fish were exposed to waterborne @entity5980 and @entity1955 (T4), both singly and in combination, for 5 d. Thyroid-stimulating hormone ( @entity36177 ), T4 deiodinase (T4ORD), thyroid receptors ( @entity36178 and @entity36179 ), and @entity36180 ( @entity36180 ) were analyzed using quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction in liver, brain, and kidney, whereas @entity36181 ( @entity36181 ) and @entity29881 X receptor (PXR) mRNA levels were analyzed only in the liver. Exposure to @entity5980 and T4, both singly and in combination, inhibited @entity36177 expression in the brain. The @entity5980 induced @entity36177 in the liver, and T4 inhibited @entity36177 in the liver and kidney, both singly and in combination with @entity5980 . The @entity318 -metabolite @entity5980 induced T4ORD expression in the kidney and liver, and combined exposure with T4 inhibited T4ORD expression in the brain, kidney, and liver. The @entity36180 and @entity36178 expressions were induced by @entity5980 and T4 singly in the brain, whereas combined exposure with both compounds did not affect @entity36180 and TRd transcript levels. Whereas T4 inhibited @entity36179 expression in the liver, exposure to @entity5980 , both singly and in combination with T4, induced @entity36179 transcript levels in the liver. Exposure to T4 and @entity5980 , both singly and in combination, resulted in a parallel pattern of @entity36181 and PXR mRNA induction in the liver. These results indicate that @entity5980 alters thyroid hormone-dependent genes and hepatic @entity36181 and PXR levels. The hepatic modulation of @entity36181 and PXR transcript levels by @entity5980 represents a novel aspect of @entity5980 @entity137 that, to our knowledge, has not been demonstrated previously in fish. Therefore, the present study demonstrates some possible physiological and endocrine consequences from exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals for salmon parr during smoltification.

title: The persistent @entity318 metabolite, @entity36176 , alters thyroid hormone-dependent genes, hepatic @entity36181 , and @entity29881 X receptor gene expressions in @entity12178 ( XXXX ) Parr.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity29881 :: ('CHEBI:8386', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnane']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon', 'Salmo salar']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity36176 :: ('MESH:C017175', 'Chemical') :: ['1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene']

entities_list: @entity36180 :: ('100194499(Tax:8030)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor', 'IGF-1R']

answer: @entity12178 :: (8030,Species) :: ['Salmo salar']


abstract: Parasites of the tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus) were investigated in the period October 2014 to July 2015 in the Sanyati Basin, @entity17360 Kariba. The fish were collected using seine netting and also during the annual Kariba International @entity7928 Fishing Tournament. A total of 80 fish specimens (24 males and 56 females) were collected and were infected with the following seven parasite taxa: Monogenea (Annulotrema sp.1 from the gills and Annulotrema sp.2 from the skin), Nematoda (Contracaecum larvae), Cestoda (bothriocephalid, larval cyclophyllid), Copepoda (Lamproglena hemprichii), pentastomid, Myxosporea (Myxobolus sp.,) and unicellular ciliate parasites (Trichodina sp., Tetrahymena sp., and unidentified). Annulotrema sp. 1 was observed in all fish and had the highest prevalence, mean intensity and abundance. The fish organs infected were gills, skin, fin, body cavity, stomach, intestines, mesentery, liver, kidney, @entity75 and swim bladder. No parasites were observed in the muscle, eyes and blood. The distribution of the parasites was highest in the gills and lowest in the @entity75 and swimbladder. Bothriocephalids, pentastomes and Trichodina sp. were not observed in male fish. Sex was not related to the intensity of parasites. The results of the study showed that @entity36024 has a richer parasite community than other previous investigated alestids. Pentastomes, Myxobolus sp., Trichodina sp., Tetrahymena sp. and bothriocephalid cestodes are new records for @entity36024 in Zimbabwe.

title: Taxonomy, distribution and prevalence of parasites of tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittatus (Castelnau, 1861) in the Sanyati basin, XXXX Kariba, Zimbabwe.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain cavity']

answer: @entity17360 :: (83971,Species) :: ['Lake']


abstract: Angus x Hereford heifers were used to determine endocrine and ovarian function preceding nutritionally induced @entity3206 . Six heifers were fed to maintain body condition score (M), and 12 heifers were fed a restricted diet (R) until they became anovulatory. Starting on d 13 of an estrous cycle, heifers were given PGF2alpha every 16 d thereafter to synchronize and maintain 16 d estrous cycles. Ovarian structures of M and R heifers were monitored by ultrasonography daily from d 8 to ovulation (d 1 of the subsequent cycle) until R heifers became anovulatory. Concentrations of LH and FSH were quantified in serum samples collected every 10 min for 8 h on d 2 and 15 (48 h after PGF2alpha), and @entity53 and @entity442 were quantified in daily plasma samples from d 8 to 16 during the last ovulatory cycle (Cycle -2) and the subsequent anovulatory cycle (Cycle -1). During the last two cycles before @entity3206 , M heifers had 50% larger (P < .0001) ovulatory follicles than R heifers and 61% greater (P < .0001) growth rate of the ovulatory follicles. There was a treatment x cycle x day effect (P < .001) for concentrations of @entity53 . The preovulatory increase in @entity53 occurred in the R and M heifers during Cycle -2 but only in M heifers during Cycle -1. A treatment x cycle x day effect (P < .05) influenced LH concentrations. During Cycle -2, LH concentrations were similar for M and R heifers, but during Cycle -1, M heifers had greater LH concentrations than did R heifers. Concentrations of FSH were greater (P < .05) in R than M heifers after induced luteolysis when R heifers failed to ovulate. There was a treatment x cycle interaction (P < .05) for @entity442 concentrations, and M heifers had 4.7- and 8.6-fold greater @entity442 concentrations than did R heifers during Cycle -2 and -1, respectively. We conclude that growth rate and diameter of the ovulatory follicle, and concentrations of LH, @entity53 , and @entity442 are reduced before the onset of nutritionally induced @entity3206 in beef heifers.

title: Nutritionally induced XXXX in beef heifers: ovarian and endocrine function preceding cessation of ovulation.

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity3206 :: (MESH:D000858,Disease) :: ['anovulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Persistent @entity281 with high-risk @entity1 papillomaviruses (HPVs) can lead to cervical @entity5 . Sexual behavior and smoking have been identified as risk factors for @entity281 . However, it is unclear which factors account for the persistence of @entity281 and for @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ). Therefore, we conducted a study to identify epidemiological risk factors for the following: (1) the presence of HPV among @entity1 without a recent diagnosis of @entity2784 and (2) @entity2784 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 aged 20 to 31 years were recruited at 2 study sites. All @entity1 received a cervical Papanicolaou test, were tested for HPV, and categorized into 1 of 3 different groups: The @entity1 of the first group had negative cytological test results and a negative HPV test result (HPV-negative group), and the @entity1 of the second group had negative cytological test result but positive HPV test result (HPV-positive group). The third group consisted of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity2784 ( @entity2784 group). We first compared the HPV-negative group with the HPV-positive group, and then the HPV-positive group with the @entity2784 group. RESULTS: One hundred forty-seven @entity1 were included: 53 @entity1 in the HPV-negative group, 46 @entity1 in the HPV-positive group, and 48 @entity1 in the @entity2784 group. Comparing the HPV-negative with the HPV-positive group, we found that more than 5 sexual partners during a lifetime were independently associated with cervical @entity281 , whereas the chance of being infected decreased with older age. Irregular condom use during one-night stands or smoking was associated with @entity281 only in univariable but not multivariable analysis. In contrast, older age and having had genital warts were independently associated with an @entity2784 diagnosis when comparing the HPV-positive group with the @entity2784 group. DISCUSSION: Although the study was hampered by its relatively small sample size, our data suggest that main risk factors for the acquisition of @entity281 are a higher number of sexual partners and younger age, whereas older age and genital warts may be epidemiological cofactors in the development of @entity2784 .

title: Risk factors for cervical human papillomavirus XXXX and high-grade intraepithelial lesion in @entity1 aged 20 to 31 years in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'HSIL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion and cervical cancer']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of low-volume plus @entity620 [ @entity968 plus @entity620 ( @entity970 + @entity938 )] and high-volume plus @entity21710 [ @entity968 plus @entity21710 ( @entity970 + Sim)] bowel preparations. METHODS: A total of one hundred and forty-four outpatients (76 males), aged from 20 to 84 years (median age 59.5 years), who attended our Department, were divided into two groups, age and sex matched, and underwent colonoscopy. Two questionnaires, one for @entity1 reporting acceptability and the other for endoscopists evaluating bowel cleansing effectiveness according to validated scales, were completed. Indications, timing of examination and endoscopical findings were recorded. Biopsy forceps were used as a measuring tool in order to determine polyp endoscopic size estimation. Difficulty in completing the preparation was rated in a 5-point Likert scale (1 = easy to 5 = unable). Adverse experiences (fullness, cramps, @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity490 , @entity10 and @entity22 ), number of evacuations and types of activities performed during preparation (walking or resting in bed) were also investigated. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity1 were selected for each group. The two groups were age and sex matched as well as being comparable in terms of medical history and drug therapies taken. Fourteen @entity1 dropped out from the trial because they did not complete the preparation procedure. Ratings of global bowel cleansing examinations were considered to be adequate in 91% of @entity970 + @entity938 and 88% of @entity970 + Sim @entity1 . Residual Stool Score indicated similar levels of amount and consistency of residual stool; there was a significant difference in the percentage of bowel wall visualization in favour of @entity970 + Sim @entity1 . In the @entity970 + Sim group, 12 @entity652  <= 10 mm diameter (5/left colon + 7/right colon) vs 9 (8/left colon + 1/right colon) in the @entity970 + @entity938 group were diagnosed. Visualization of small lesions seems to be one of the primary advantages of the @entity970 + Sim preparation. CONCLUSION: @entity970 + @entity938 is a good alternative solution as a bowel preparation but more improvements are necessary in order to achieve the target of a perfect preparation.

title: Low-volume plus @entity620 vs high-volume plus XXXX bowel preparation before colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity21710 :: ('MESH:D012841', 'Chemical') :: ['simethicone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity21710 :: (MESH:D012841,Chemical) :: ['simethicone']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity3303 - @entity5403 (EMLA 5%) cream application to genital mucosa for reducing @entity158 or discomfort associated with speculum examination in postmenopausal @entity1 . DESIGN: A randomized controlled study (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING: A university hospital. @entity1 : One-hundred thirty-four postmenopausal @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: The subjects were randomized to an EMLA cream group, a lubricant gel group, or a control group. General data was collected, including age, body weight, gravidity, parity, smoking habits, history of @entity6 , previous gynecologic operations, @entity546 , sexual activity, and duration of menopause. All @entity1 were asked to score @entity158 at 3 time points (insertion, dilation, and extraction of speculum) during the procedure using a visual analog scale. @entity158 intensity during speculum examination was compared between the groups. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the EMLA cream, the lubricant gel, and the control groups in terms of age, weight, gravidity, parity, @entity546 , duration of menopause, sexual activity, smoking habit, @entity6 , previous vaginal and other gynecological procedures, vaginal length, and serum follicle-stimulating hormone and @entity53 levels (p > .05). The @entity158 scores obtained during all phases of speculum application were significantly lower in the EMLA group than in both the lubricant gel and the control groups (p < .001). Comparing the gel and the control groups, a lower @entity158 score was observed in the former, except for the second phase of the examination (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Topical application of EMLA 5% cream on genital mucosa of postmenopausal @entity1 before vaginal examination significantly reduces @entity158 associated with speculum application.

title: Topical anesthetic ( @entity3303 - @entity5403 ) cream application before speculum examination in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: We studied @entity340 (pulmonary, aortic, tricuspid and @entity339 ) in 30 @entity1 with complete @entity616 by color Doppler echocardiography, pulse Doppler and continuous wave Doppler echocardiography. The prevalence rate of multivalvular regurgitation of these subjects was 83.3%. Regurgitation involving all four valves appeared in 30.0% of these @entity1 . The prevalence rate of pulmonary, aortic, tricuspid and @entity339 was 56.7%, 33.3%, 100%, and 76.7% respectively. @entity338 ( @entity338 ) was observed in @entity1 with complete @entity616 without @entity120 . @entity338 velocity was slow and interrupted by @entity11706 . It might be possible to evaluate atrial pressure from the interruption of @entity338 . @entity997 ( @entity997 ) during systole was often present in @entity1 with right ventricular endocardial pacing. Systolic @entity997 was influenced by @entity11706 . When @entity11706 occurred during systole, @entity997 was interrupted, or shortened. Diastolic @entity997 and MR were easily detected by M mode color Doppler echocardiography. The diastolic @entity997 and MR were of slow velocity and appeared 240-290 msec after P wave. These atypical @entity340 in @entity1 with complete @entity616 reflect of the inverse atrial-ventricular pressure gradient across the atrio-ventricular valve.

title: [ XXXX in @entity1 with complete @entity616 by color Doppler echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial contraction']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary regurgitation', 'PR']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'Tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['Valvular regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity33907 is a selective inhibitor of @entity876 - @entity7465 binding that frees @entity876 from negative control, activating the @entity876 pathway in @entity5 cells leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. @entity33907 was selected for evaluation by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) due to the relatively low incidence of @entity876 mutations in pediatric @entity5 compared with @entity5 . PROCEDURES: @entity33907 and its inactive enantiomer RG7112i were evaluated against the 23 cell lines of the PPTP in vitro panel using 96 hours exposure (1 nM to 10   M). It was tested against the PPTP in vivo panel focusing on @entity876 wild-type (WT) xenografts at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 14 days followed by 4 weeks of observation. Response outcomes were related to @entity7465 and @entity876 expression datasets (http://pptp.nchresearch.org/data.html). RESULTS: @entity33907 demonstrated cytotoxic activity with a lower median IC(50) for @entity876 WT versus @entity876 mutant cell lines (approximately 0.4   M vs. >10   M, respectively). @entity33907 induced @entity5 growth inhibition meeting criteria for intermediate activity (EFS T/C > 2) in 10 of 26 (38%) solid @entity5 xenografts. Objective responses included @entity2946 , @entity3943 , @entity3969 , rhabdoid and @entity2828 xenografts. For the @entity981 panel, there was one partial response, five complete responses and one maintained complete response. The @entity981 xenografts expressed the highest levels of @entity876 among the PPTP panels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity33907 induced @entity5 regressions in @entity5 from different histotype panels, and exhibited consistent high-level activity against @entity981 xenografts. This high level of activity supports prioritization of @entity33907 for further evaluation.

title: Initial testing of the @entity7465 inhibitor XXXX by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adult malignancies', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3943 :: ('MESH:D018232', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity33907 :: (MESH:C579783,Chemical) :: ['RG7112']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse and summarize the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical effects of @entity19312 lateral process @entity174 . METHODS: Between February 2001 and March 2009, 21 male @entity1 with an average age of 33.6 years (range, 18-46 years) with @entity19312 lateral process @entity174 were treated. @entity174 was caused by falling from height in 18 cases, by tumbling in 2 cases, and by sprain in 1 case. According to Hawkins classification, there were 4 cases of type I, 15 cases of type II, and 2 cases of type III, all being closed @entity174 . The disease course was from 2 hours to 26 days. In 17 @entity1 whose @entity174 fragments were more than 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 cm or whose @entity174 fragments shifting was more than 1 mm, open reduction and internal fixation with AO hollow @entity702 nails were performed in 14 @entity1 , open reduction and internal fixation with door-shape self-made nail in 1 @entity1 , and open reduction and internal fixation with absorbable screws in 2 @entity1 . In 4 @entity1 whose @entity174 fragments were less than 0.6 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm or whose @entity174 fragments shifting was less than 1 mm, fragments removal was performed in 2 @entity1 , Kirschner pins in 1 @entity1 , and plaster conservative therapy in 1 @entity1 . In @entity1 with ligaments injury, the ligaments was reconstructed during the operation. RESULTS: All the incisions achieved primary healing. Twenty-one @entity1 were followed up 9.5 months to 8 years. No @entity158 occurred and the range of joint motion was normal after operation. The X-ray films showed that all cases achieved @entity174 union. And the healing time was from 8 weeks to 14 weeks (10 weeks on average). According to American Orthopaedic Foot _ Ankle Society (AOFAS) for foot, the results were excellent in 17 cases, good in 3 cases, and moderate in 1 case; the excellent and good rate was 95.24%. CONCLUSION: The size and displacement of @entity174 fragment should be considered first in the treatment of lateral process @entity174 of @entity19312 ; in @entity1 who are complicated by lateral malleolus ligament injury, the ligament should be reconstructed to avoid the chronic non-stability of lateral ankle.

title: [Analysis of diagnosis and treatment of @entity19312 lateral process XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ankle pain']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study focuses on laparoscopic nephrectomy for @entity8 ( @entity8 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 21 consecutive @entity1 who had previously undergone laparoscopy between 2007 and 2010. Data were compared to that obtained from 19 consecutive @entity1 who had open surgery between 2004 and 2007. Clinical parameters, operative data, perioperative mortality, @entity260 , and length of hospital stay were compared using   (2) and Student ttests for qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively. RESULTS: Nephrectomy is usually performed to create space for renal transplantation (81% and 79%, respectively). Operating time was longer with the laparoscopic approach (180 min vs. 128 min, P = .001). @entity190 was comparable in the 2 groups (154 vs. 222 ml, P = .359) but 3 @entity1 were transfused in the open surgery group as compared with 1 @entity1 in the laparoscopic group. No conversion was needed. There was a trend in the laparoscopic group with respect to lower consumption of analgesics in the postoperative period (P = .06). Delay to transit recovery (2.1 d vs 4.1 d, P < .001) and hospital stay (5.2 d vs. 8.28 d, P = .002) were significantly decreased in the laparoscopic group. The interval from surgery to renal transplantation was lower in @entity1 operated on laparoscopically (3.1 vs. 12 mo). Complications occurred in 33% of the @entity1 in the laparoscopic group as compared with 68% in the open surgery group (P = .22). Severe complications were less frequent in the laparoscopic group (9.5% vs. 37%, P = .04). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a feasible and safe procedure for @entity8 . Morbidity is significantly reduced compared with the open approach.

title: Transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'ADPKD']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: AIM: @entity6586 and @entity6586 sobrinus are the main pathogens associated with the development of @entity1547 in @entity1 . Recently, the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR-TR) has been used for fast and exact quantification of these bacteria species. This molecular biology method has made the detection of these bacteria in saliva and dental plaque possible; additionally, it aids the development of illness risk prediction. The purpose of this prospective, analytic, transversal, observational and unicenter study was to quantify the @entity30061 gene of the @entity6586 and its correlation with caries in a group of @entity1 using isolated DNA from plaque samples processed through qPCR-TR, using specific oligonucleotides for this gene detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cariogenic potential of @entity6586 in the dental plaque was analysed in a group of @entity1 aged 12 to 46 months. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to establish the correlation between caries (dmft) index (decayed/missing/filled primary teeth), @entity30061 gene and age group. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare MSB cultivation technique and qPCR-TR. RESULTS: In the molecular trials, a close association between caries prevalence in childhood and the presence and high proportion of the @entity30061 gene of @entity6586 was found. The average caries prevalence was 3.71, and it increased as age range increased. The highest caries prevalence was observed in female @entity1 and in the oldest age range studied (40 46 months) which contrasts with the 12-18 months age that had a caries (dmft) index of zero. The amplification using as initiator the gene @entity30061 of the nucleic acids extracted from the @entity6586 resulted positive in 91.3% of the cases. Every @entity1 with caries was positive for the @entity30061 and only 8.75% were negative, this group included @entity1 without caries. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, there was a correlation with @entity1 caries prevalence and @entity6586 .

title: XXXX gene of @entity6586 in dental plaque and its relationship with early childhood caries.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus', 'Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

answer: @entity30061 :: (10158,Gene) :: ['spaP']