abstract: The aim of this study was to show the clinical expression and histologic diagnosis in 105 @entity1 , 46 males and 59 females, treated for @entity362 of the extremities. The coincidence between the histological and peroperative diagnosis was also evaluated. The @entity1 were successively treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Glostrup county Hospital in the period 1978-88. Ninety-seven @entity1 were found to have a @entity362 and eight of the @entity1 had a @entity5 ( @entity1821 ). There were no significant differences in the appearance of @entity5 with respect to age or sex. @entity5 greater than 100 cm2 in size were significantly more often malignant than those less than 100 cm2. There was a considerable discrepancy between the surgeon's peroperative judgement of @entity5 and the histological diagnosis. The @entity5 were located in the humeroscapular region (39), the femoral region (30), the crural region (10), and in the forearm region (7). We conclude that diagnostic clearing and treatment ought to be centralized in regional centres, where @entity1821 might also be diagnosed. However, the @entity1821 should afterwards be treated in oncological centres. Furthermore, we conclude that histological examination of @entity362 in imperative.

title: [ XXXX and @entity1821 . 10-year incidence in a local area].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'tumours', 'malignant tumour', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas', 'liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'lipomas']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['Lipomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: General practitioners (GPs) could make an important contribution to management of childhood overweight. However, there are no efficacy data to support this, and the feasibility of this approach is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To determine if GPs and families can be recruited to a @entity23 ( @entity23 ), and if GPs can successfully deliver an intervention to families with overweight/ @entity28 5- to 9-year-old @entity1 . METHODS: A convenience sample of 34 GPs from 29 family medical practices attended training sessions on management of childhood overweight. Practice staff trained in @entity1 anthropometry conducted a cross-sectional body mass index (BMI) survey of 5- to 9-year-old @entity1 attending these practices. The intervention focused on achievable goals in nutrition, physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and was delivered in four solution-focused behaviour change consultations over 12 weeks. RESULTS: General practitioners were recruited from across the sociodemographic spectrum. All attended at least two of the three education sessions and were retained throughout the trial. Practice staff weighed and measured 2112 @entity1 in the BMI survey, of whom 28% were overweight/ @entity28 (17.5% overweight, 10.5% @entity28 ), with @entity1 drawn from all sociodemographic quintiles. Of the eligible overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 , 163 (40%) were recruited and retained in the LEAP @entity23 ; 96% of intervention families attended at least their first consultation. CONCLUSIONS: Many families are willing to tackle childhood overweight with their GP. In addition, GPs and families can participate successfully in the careful trials that are needed to determine whether an individualized, family-based primary care approach is beneficial, harmful or ineffective.

title: Can Australian general practitioners tackle childhood overweight/ XXXX ? Methods and processes from the LEAP (Live, Eat and Play) @entity23 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized controlled trial']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: In a retrospective study of all 137 @entity1 with soft-tissue @entity242 treated by surgery between 1972 and 1984, the clinical course was related to several host and @entity5 features, including the Surgical Staging System of Enneking, Spanier and Goodman (1980). Only @entity1 free from @entity3 with untreated primary lesions on admission were included. According to the Surgical Staging System, nine @entity5 were IA, 18 IB, 38 IIA and 72 IIB. Only 12 @entity1 underwent amputation; 125 were treated by local surgery. The mean follow-up time was ten years (minimum five). For the whole series the probability of seven-year survival was 0.65; 42 @entity1 (31%) died from @entity5 disease. All these had @entity3 and 24 also had local recurrence. The local recurrence rate was 36%. Multivariate analysis identified large @entity5 size and high histological grade as significant risk factors for @entity3 and @entity5 -related @entity204 . Sex, age, @entity5 site, surgical margin and local recurrence showed no correlation with survival. The prognostic contribution of compartmentality was virtually nil. Histological grade combined with @entity5 size was found to give better prognostic information than that obtained by the Surgical Staging System.

title: Staging of soft-tissue XXXX . Prognostic analysis of clinical and pathological features.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Autologous nucleus pulposus was modified and applied to the cauda equina in @entity1707 . Histology and neurophysiology were assessed after 7 days. OBJECTIVES: To assess if alterations of the nucleus pulposus would change the degree and distribution of the @entity128 induced by autologous nucleus pulposus. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: It was reported recently that nucleus pulposus may induce structural and functional changes in nerve roots after epidural application. The basic mechanisms causing these changes are not fully understood. METHODS: Nucleus pulposus was harvested from lumbar discs and submitted to either of three treatments; 37 C for 24 hours (n = 5), -20 C for 24 hours (n = 5), or digestion by @entity30514 for 24 hours (n = 6). In two additional @entity1707 , nucleus pulposus was applied just after harvest as a control to verify previous observations. After 7 days, nerve conduction velocity was recorded, and specimens were processed for blinded light microscopic assessment. RESULTS: When nucleus pulposus was applied just after harvest, or when it had been kept at 37 C or digested by @entity30514 for 24 hours, there was a significant reduction in nerve conduction velocity similar to previous observations. When nucleus pulposus had been kept at -20 C for 24 hours, however, there was no reduction in conduction velocity. There were no apparent differences between the groups at the histologic assessment. Staining of the nucleus pulposus showed that the cells in the nucleus pulposus exposed to -20 C were lysed, whereas the cells in the nucleus pulposus treated by the two other methods were mainly unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: Because freezing of the nucleus pulposus probably kills the cells but does not affect other components, one may assume that the biologic effects induced by the nucleus pulposus may be related to its cell population.

title: The effects of normal, frozen, and XXXX -digested nucleus pulposus on nerve root structure and function.

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

answer: @entity30514 :: (396998(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['hyaluronidase']


abstract: Mutations decreasing function of the Fas death receptor cause the @entity8782 ( @entity8782 ) with autoimmune manifestations, spleen/lymph node enlargement, and expansion of @entity404 / @entity405 -negative T cells. @entity24344 ( @entity24344 ) is a variant lacking this expansion. Perforin is involved in cell-mediated @entity137 and its biallelic mutations cause @entity9058 ( @entity9058 ). We previously described an @entity8782 @entity1 carrying heterozygous mutations of the Fas and perforin genes and suggested that they concurred in @entity8782 . This work extends the analysis to 14 @entity8782 , 28 @entity24344 , and 816 controls, and detects an @entity52539 @entity535 substitution in 2 @entity8782 , and an @entity52538 @entity535 substitution in 6 @entity24344 . @entity52539 conferred an OR = 62.7 (P = .0016) for @entity8782 and @entity52538 conferred an OR = 3 (P = .016) for @entity24344 . Copresence of @entity52538 and variations of the @entity1096 gene previously associated with @entity24344 conferred an OR = 17 (P = .0007) for @entity24344 . In one @entity52539 @entity1 , NK activity was strikingly defective in early childhood, but became normal in late childhood. @entity52538 @entity1 displayed lower NK activity than controls. These data suggest that perforin variations are a susceptibility factor for @entity8782 / @entity24344 development in subjects with defective Fas function and may influence disease expression.

title: Variations of the perforin gene in XXXX with autoimmunity/lymphoproliferation and defective Fas function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity8782 :: ('MESH:D056735', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome', 'ALPS']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis', 'HLH']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity24344 :: ('MESH:C535950', 'Disease') :: ['Dianzani Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Disease', 'DALD']

entities_list: @entity52538 :: ('p|SUB|A|91|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A91V']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe regional and rural-urban differences in weight and @entity353 patterns in Canadian adults. DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional surveys. SETTING: Nine Canadian provinces (excluding Nova Scotia) from 1986 to 1992. @entity1 : A probability sample of 27,120 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 18 to 74 years was selected using the health insurance registration files in each province. Anthropometry was performed on 18,043 @entity1 (67%). OUTCOME MEASURES: Region of Canada (Atlantic, central, western); rural or urban residence (rural if @entity1 resided in a community whose population was < 10,000, urban if population > or = 10,000); body mass index (BMI, kg/m2); percentage of @entity1 trying to lose weight; reasons for trying to lose weight; level of leisure-time physical activity. RESULTS: Overall, mean BMI values in rural @entity1 (26.1 kg/m2) and @entity1 (25.3 kg/m2) were not significantly different from urban counterparts (25.7 kg/m2 and 24.8 kg/m2, respectively). Similarly, @entity28 (BMI > or = 27 kg/m2) was as prevalent in rural @entity1 (37%) and @entity1 (30%) as in urban @entity1 (34% and 28%, respectively). However, a difference was observed in western Canada where 41% of rural and 34% of urban @entity1 were @entity28 (odds ratio [OR], adjusted for age and education = 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 1.57), as were 35% of rural and 25% of urban @entity1 (OR, adjusted for age and education = 1.47; 95% CI 1.17, 1.84). Among @entity1 in western Canada, the rural-urban differences were greatest in the 25-64 year age group, whereas in @entity1 the differences were present at all ages. Overall, in Canada, urban @entity1 (26%) are more likely than rural @entity1 (23%) to be trying to lose weight; the reverse was true for @entity1 (39% and 42%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Considerable regional and rural-urban differences are seen in the patterns of weight and @entity353 in Canada. A fuller understanding of the underlying behavioural determinants of these differences is needed. On the basis of such an understanding, effective programs to promote healthy weights for individuals and communities in these areas might be developed.

title: Regional and rural-urban differences in XXXX in Canada. Canadian Heart Health Surveys Research Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The binding factor of enteropathogenic @entity526 O111:H- responsible for localized adherence (LA) on HeLa cells was investigated. Inhibition of LA by @entity3363 and lectins showed that the reactive epitope on HeLa cells contains @entity10811 units. Treatment of bacteria with EDTA for extraction of lipopolysaccharides eliminated these polymers as binding factors. Such treatment also caused a marked increase in adhesion suggesting steric hindrance by lipopolysaccharides of the LA factor binding capacity. Immunoblotting with rabbit antibodies showed a strong reaction with two components with approximate molecular sizes of 29 and 32 kilodaltons (kDa) present in the outer membrane preparations of bacteria. Both the absorbed rabbit immune serum and the outer membrane preparation of the bacteria inhibited bacterial adhesion by 100%. Outer membrane components were isolated from an @entity10811 -agarose column by elution with @entity12159 , labeled with 125I, and immunoprecipitated with absorbed rabbit hyperimmune antiserum. The only component precipitated was the protein doublet at 29 to 32 kDa corresponding to the components detected by immunoblotting. The predominant component was always the 32-kDa polypeptide. We conclude that this component of the outer membrane is the best candidate for the LA factor in enteropathogenic @entity526 .

title: Isolation and characterization of the localized adherence factor of enteropathogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10811 :: ('CHEBI:28800', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylgalactosamine']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node (SN) biopsy is a technique for identifying axillary @entity3 from primary @entity0 . The present paper reports our results with the method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: SN biopsies have been routinely performed at Ullev  l University Hospital since 2000 and the results have been prospectively recorded. 1409 @entity1 with @entity0 or @entity513 in situ grade 3, were injected with peritumoral radiocolloid the day before the biopsy and with blue dye per-operatively to detect the SN. RESULTS: The SN was detected in 90 % of the operations. @entity3 to SN were detected in 25 % of the @entity1 and 52 % of these had no further positive nodes in the axilla. Thus, axillary lymph node clearance was omitted in 948 @entity1 . Three @entity1 had local recurrence in the axilla within one year after the successful SN procedure. @entity513 in situ grade 3 was diagnosed preoperatively in 162 @entity1 (cytology); 88 had the diagnosis after histology and the rest had invasive @entity5 or combinations with in situ lesions of other grades. Axillary @entity3 were found in 4.8 % of these @entity1 . @entity5 cells (< 0.2 mm diameter) were found in 9 @entity1 for whom axillary clearance has not been performed. INTERPRETATION: SN biopsy has replaced routine axillary clearance as a routine operation in @entity0 . The method is safe when performed correctly, as @entity3 in the axilla after a negative SN rarely occur.

title: [Sentinel lymph node biopsy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Isolated tumour', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma', 'ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity12534 ( @entity12534 ) is a systemic @entity74 of unknown etiology that affects small-to-medium-size blood vessels. @entity1 affected by @entity12534 frequently show ear, nose, and throat manifestations, which are often present at the time of disease onset. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of @entity1412 in a series of 29 @entity1 with @entity12534 and to correlate the nasal findings to the total health situation of these @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Department of Otolaryngology and Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Science, University of Parma. METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity12534 were identified. Of the 29 @entity1 , 17 (58.6%) had @entity1412 and were enrolled in this study. The @entity480 were graded according to the Lund and Mackay endoscopic and radiological classifications. RESULTS: At diagnosis, endoscopic intranasal evaluation identified @entity1412 of grade 3 in nine cases (52.9%), grade 2 in six cases (35.2%), and grade 1 in the remaining case (5.8%). After corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy, clinical remission was achieved in 14 @entity1 (82.3%), whereas 3 @entity1 experienced a relapse. Posttreatment endoscopic evaluation showed a permanent disappearance (grade 0) of @entity480 in eight @entity1 (47%). The other nine @entity1 (52.92%) were found to have a small polyp situated in the middle meatus (grade 1). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1412 in @entity1 with @entity12534 may represent the initial phase of the syndrome, though @entity1 often have concurrent @entity358 . Corticosteroid therapy either alone or combined with immunosuppressive drugs usually yielded improvement or stabilization.

title: @entity1412 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['CSS', 'Churg-Strauss syndrome']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis', 'Nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity12534 :: (MESH:D015267,Disease) :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']


abstract: @entity64 is an emerging major health problem often resulting in @entity204 or disability. @entity407 , @entity101 and @entity6 are well established risk factors. @entity409 associated with these risk factors underlies pathological processes leading to atherogenesis and @entity2806 . While mechanisms of disease are complex, @entity409 involves decreased @entity842 (NO) and elevated levels of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). At physiological levels, ROS participate in regulation of cellular metabolism. However, when ROS increase to toxic levels through imbalance of production and neutralization by antioxidant enzymes, they cause cellular injury in the form of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA damage. Central nervous system cells are more vulnerable to ROS @entity137 due to their inherent higher oxidative metabolism and less antioxidant enzymes, as well as higher content of membranous @entity1718 . During @entity385 , ROS concentration rises from normal low levels to a peak point during reperfusion possibly underlying apoptosis or cellular @entity39 . Clinical trials and animal studies have shown that natural compounds can reduce oxidative stress due to excessive ROS through their antioxidant properties. With further study, we may be able to incorporate these compounds into clinical use with potential efficacy for both the treatment and prevention of @entity64 .

title: Reactive XXXX species and ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity1 lipocortin I is a 38.5-kDa @entity3900 inhibitor that has been produced in @entity526 in large quantities by recombinant DNA technology (Wallner, B.P., Mattaliano, R.J., Hession, C., Cate, R. L., Tizard, R., Sinclair, L.K., Foeller, C., Chow, E.P., Browning, J.L., Ramachandran, K.L., and Pepinsky, R.B. (1986) Nature 320, 77-80). To localize the region within the protein responsible for its inhibitory activity, we generated a series of fragments of the recombinant product by limited proteolysis with elastase and characterized their structure by sequencing and peptide mapping. Five active fragments have been analyzed in detail. The smallest is an 18-kDa fragment derived from the @entity1472 -terminal half of lipocortin. Three of the larger fragments contain this region. The fifth fragment is missing 83 @entity1522 from the @entity1472 terminus. A region common to all the active fragments ( @entity535 residues 97-178) is 70% homologous with the corresponding region from a second member of the lipocortin family which recently was cloned (Huang, K-S., Wallner, B.P., Mattaliano, R.J., Tizard, R., Burne, C., Frey, A., Hession, C., McGray, P., Sinclair, L.K., Chow, E.P., Browning, J.L., Ramachandran, K.L., Tang, J., Smart, J.E., and Pepinsky, R.B. (1986) Cell 46, 191-199) and thus presumably is important for activity. In addition to inhibitory fragments, we have isolated a 3-kDa proteolytic fragment from the @entity1472 terminus of lipocortin I that contains the known phosphorylation site for protein- @entity669 kinases. Because of sequence homology of the 3-kDa fragment with biologically active synthetic peptides from pp60v-src and middle T antigen, its release by proteases may represent an important part of the activity of lipocortin.

title: Purification and characterization of proteolytic fragments of lipocortin I that inhibit XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity3900 :: (151056,Gene) :: ['phospholipase A2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine factors which influence the sensitivity of @entity1 @entity14 cell lines to @entity1311 . METHODS: The @entity1311 sensitivity of ten @entity1 @entity14 cell lines, and a panel of RKO @entity694 cell lines, isogenic except for @entity876 status, were studied. The inhibitory concentrations causing a 50% decrease in growth (IC50) were assayed after 3, 24, and 96 h after @entity1311 exposure. The doubling time (DT) and cell cycle parameters of cells were also measured. The expression of the @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ), @entity588 and @entity589 was quantitatively assessed by immunoblotting. RESULTS: Mean IC50 values at 24 and 96 h drug exposure were about 1.5 logs lower than the IC50 values at 3 h, regardless of the @entity876 status. No difference was found between the IC50 values of wild-type and mutant @entity876 cells, or among the RKO panel of cells. Correlation analysis showed that: (1) resistance was associated with longer DTs, but this was generally abated by a 96-h exposure; (2) with a 3-h exposure, the combination of MDR, @entity588 and @entity589 parameters with DT (DT + MDR + @entity588 @entity589 ) best correlated with IC50 values (r = 0.77); (3) with a 96-h exposure, in spite of the generally decreased IC50 values, a combination of @entity1262 , @entity588 and @entity589 parameters (MDR + @entity588 - @entity589 ) best correlated with the IC50 values (r = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the exposure duration, DT, and expression of @entity1262 , @entity588 and @entity589 each contribute to @entity1311 sensitivity of @entity1 @entity14 cells. In assessing @entity1311 drug resistance, multiple factors should always be considered. There may be a therapeutic window for @entity6023 in @entity694 by optimizing pharmacokinetics and modulating @entity1262 and @entity588 resistance factors.

title: Multiple factors other than @entity876 influence XXXX sensitivity to @entity1311 .

entities_list: @entity1262 :: ('5243', 'Gene') :: ['MDR-1', 'multidrug resistance glycoprotein-1']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with incompletely resected locally advanced and recurrent @entity694 have a dismal prognosis. Since 1981, 100 @entity694 @entity1 have been treated with combination therapy including surgical resection, chemotherapy, and external plus intraoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: A prospective computerized intraoperative radiation database identified @entity1 for this retrospective review. Data collection included @entity1 demographics, @entity5 and treatment variables, and morbidity, recurrence, and survival statistics. RESULTS: The mean age was 55.2 years. Follow-up was available for all @entity1 . Fifty-nine @entity1 have died. Median follow-up of survivors was 70.5 months. Twenty-five @entity1 with locally advanced @entity694 had a median survival of 38.2 months and a 5-year survival of 49%. Eleven of these @entity1 are still free of disease. Seventy-three @entity1 treated for recurrent @entity694 had a median survival of 33.3 months from the time of recurrence, with a 5-year survival of 24.7%. Twenty-one are alive without evidence of recurrence. The 38 @entity1 with recurrent disease whose disease was completely resected had a 37.4% 5-year survival. CONCLUSIONS: A multimodality approach using en-bloc surgical resection with radiotherapy and chemotherapy affords some @entity1 with locally advanced and recurrent @entity694 a chance for long-term survival.

title: The Mayo Clinic experience with multimodality treatment of locally advanced or recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic ulcerative conditions in the gastrointestinal tract result in the appearance of the @entity1066 associated cell lineage (UACL). The glands of this new cell lineage secrete epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha, and the trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides, which are known to participate in repair processes. @entity5042 is the most frequent complication of ileal pouch-anal @entity254 . AIM: Our aim was to determine whether the mucosal @entity1066 present in @entity5042 can induce the development of UACL glands. METHODS: Biopsies from @entity4628 with @entity5042 (n=10), healthy pouches (n=5), and normal terminal ileum (n=5) were studied. Expression of TFF mRNA was assessed by in situ hybridisation. @entity3559 and @entity3560 proteins were localised by immunochemistry. RESULTS: UACL glands containing @entity3559 and @entity3560 were observed in six @entity1 with @entity5042 . In some glands, there was @entity3561 mRNA as has been reported for @entity30 . None of the biopsies from @entity4628 without @entity5042 showed UACL glands (p<0.05). Neither @entity3559 nor @entity3560 expression was detected in @entity4628 without @entity5042 . CONCLUSION: UACL glands arise de novo in ileal pouch mucosa of @entity1 with @entity5042 and express all three TFF peptide genes. @entity32 alone, present in healthy pouches, is not enough to stimulate the growth of the UACL, and additional stimuli consequent on @entity1066 may be needed.

title: XXXX associated cell lineage glands expressing trefoil peptide genes are induced by chronic @entity1066 in ileal pouch mucosa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal reservoirs', 'ileal pouches']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['Pouchitis', 'pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's UACL"]

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['Ulcer']


abstract: We report a rare case of @entity1491 of the uterine cervix, unexpectedly found in a uterus resected for the treatment of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 3. The @entity1 was a 47-year-old Japanese female. She received a total abdominal hysterectomy under a diagnosis of @entity3146 3 of the cervix. Grossly, there were no significant findings in the surgical specimens. Microscopically, in seven of the 12 blocks of the cervix examined, scattered small nests of uniform small cells, which extended 4 mm below the epithelial surface, with dark nuclei and scant cytoplasm were observed. Peripheral palisading as well as the formation of gland-like or acinar structures were noted. The latter were positive for mucicarmine. Stromal reaction was not obvious. There were also foci of squamous differentiation in some portions of the small nests. Occasional mitoses as well as large atypical cells were also seen in this area. Immunohistochemically, the foci of squamous differentiation were positive for carcinoembryonic antigen. The epithelial surface in other portions showed @entity3146 3 with crypt extension. Distinction between adenoid basal @entity5 , such as @entity2347 and @entity957 with basaloid features, is important for clinical management because the clinical behavior of @entity1491 is less malignant.

title: XXXX of the cervix uteri: a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix and other diseases']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid basal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['Adenoid basal carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of peripheral leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and @entity1851 (CRP) level in febrile urinary tract @entity281 (UTI) for defining the UTI level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 61 @entity1 aged between 1 and 10 years with documented febrile UTI (axillary temperature > or = 38 degrees C) were studied. They had a urine culture positive for @entity281 . Laboratory investigations including peripheral total and differential leukocyte counts, ESR, and CRP were assessed in relation to the inflammatory responses. Leukocyte count results were available in all of the @entity1 , ESR in 41, and CRP in 36. RESULTS: Leukocyte count was normal in 6 @entity1 (9.8%). Lymphocytic @entity491 was seen in 1 @entity1 (1.6%), @entity491 in 25 (41.0%), and relative @entity4795 in 29 (47.5%). Thirty @entity1 (73.2%) had a high ESR and 23 (63.9%) had a positive CRP. In @entity1 with a high ESR, 12 (29.3%) had @entity491 and 14 (34.1%) had relative @entity4795 . Relative @entity4795 and @entity491 with positive CRP both were found in 11 @entity1 (30.6%). Negative CRP with absence of @entity491 was found in a significantly higher proportion of @entity1 . There were no direct correlations between the severity of systemic inflammatory responses and urinary tract inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study showed that ESR and differential leukocyte count are two valuable tests in febrile UTI and may be useful for localization of UTI level, but the total leukocyte count and CRP level as in qualitative methods are not useful, and many @entity1 with febrile UTI do not have @entity491 .

title: Alterations of peripheral leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and @entity1851 in febrile urinary tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic leukocytosis', 'leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: In a series of 320 @entity1 with @entity706 treated with polychemotherapy, three @entity1 with @entity1893 and one with @entity1582 were diagnosed as having @entity24386 ( @entity24386 ). All @entity1 were adult, all had received multiple chemotherapeutic drugs and, during @entity1398 , they had clinically presented with @entity221 and @entity490 , generally in the right lower quadrant. The diagnosis was clinical in all cases, and the imaging techniques provided only the suspicion of retro-cecal abscess in one of them. Two @entity1 were operated on because of the development of features of peritoneal involvement, another because of @entity326 and another because of retro-cecal abscess. Surgery and pathological study confirmed the diagnosis. The fundamental findings were ileocecal wall @entity4 , mucosa @entity1066 , local @entity39 , @entity548 and @entity715 , and clusters of bacterial colonies without evidence of granulocytic or tumoral infiltration. @entity24386 can develop with varying types of morphological involvement resulting in a highly variable clinical severity spectrum ranging from nonspecific abdominal symptoms to acute abdomen. Thus, diagnosis is very difficult and is only possible with a high suspicion index. It should rely on clinical data, which are unique, to assess the evolution and to indicate medical or surgical therapy. These therapeutic modalities should be individualized in each @entity1 . All physicians treating @entity1398 @entity1 should be familiar with this condition and consider it in the differential diagnosis of @entity490 .

title: [ XXXX during treatment of lymphoproliferative neoplasms].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity24386 :: ('MESH:D044504', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic enterocolitis', 'NEC']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity24386 :: (MESH:D044504,Disease) :: ['Neutropenic enterocolitis']


abstract: The @entity1 zona pellucida (ZP) and its changes during in vitro fertilization in oocytes at different maturational stages and polypronuclear ova at one- to four-cells stages were studied by @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) and correlative @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). To define the microstructure of the ZP, its amorphous masking material was removed using a detergent ( @entity3857 ), and its structural glycoproteins were stabilized with a cationic dye, @entity3739 red, followed by @entity54326 treatment. These methods allowed in all samples the clear visualization of variously arranged networks of filaments composing the outer and inner surfaces of the ZP. These filaments were straight or curved, 0.1-0.4 microns in length and 10-14 nm thick as seen via @entity1579 or 22-28 nm thick as seen via @entity4653 (the difference in thickness was due to the presence of the metal coating for @entity4653 ). The filament arrangement was remarkably different between the inner and outer surfaces of the ZP and among the various stages studied. The filaments of the outer surface of the ZP were basically arranged in "large" and "tight" meshed networks. Mature oocytes and fertilized (polypronuclear) ova had a regular alternating pattern of wide and tight meshed networks of filaments. On the other hand, immature and atretic oocytes displayed almost exclusively a tight meshed network of filaments. The inner surface filaments of the ZP of unfertilized oocytes at any stage were arranged in repetitive structures characterized by numerous short and straight filaments anastomosing with each other and sometimes forming at the intersections small, rounded structures. After fertilization, the inner surface of the ZP displayed numerous areas where filaments fused together. Collectively, these data clearly reveal that oocyte maturation and fertilization in @entity1 are accompanied by changes of ZP filaments arrangement, which may be relevant in the processes of binding, penetration, and selection of spermatozoa.

title: @entity1 zona pellucida during in vitro fertilization: an ultrastructural study using @entity3857 , XXXX red, and @entity54326 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity54326 :: ('MESH:C076575', 'Chemical') :: ['osmium-thiocarbohydrazide']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['transmission electron microscopy', 'TEM']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity3739 :: (MESH:D012428,Chemical) :: ['ruthenium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aims to characterise the electrodiagnostic findings of @entity1 with traumatic @entity2685 ( @entity2685 ) in India and to analyse the association between aetiologies and levels of injuries. METHODS: A total of 111 consecutive electrodiagnostic studies done between January 2009 and June 2011 on @entity1 with traumatic @entity19499 were retrospectively analysed. SETTING: Electrodiagnostic Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in a tertiary care university teaching hospital in South India. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nerve conduction velocities and electromyography (EMG) to locate the level of @entity19499 , Dumitru and Wilbourne scale to assess the severity of @entity19499 . RESULTS: We studied 106 males and five females, ranging from 11 to 59 years of age. All but one had unilateral @entity19499 . Motorcycle crashes were the most frequent cause (n=64, 58%). @entity130 was found in 98 arms (88%) and @entity130 in seven arms (6%). Root-level injuries were more common in motorcycle crashes and occupation-related @entity130 , while trunk-level injuries were more often found in automobile crashes, falls, bicycle-related @entity130 and penetrating wounds. Pan root (C5-T1) involvement was more common in the motorcycle @entity130 group (74%). There was no significant association between aetiologies and levels of @entity2685 . A total of 73 (65%) @entity130 were of 'severe' category as per @entity2653 . CONCLUSIONS: Motorcycle crash is the most common cause of traumatic @entity2685 . @entity130 is the rule in most cases. Proper attention needs to be given to differentiate the mild to moderate injuries from the severe injuries with EMG techniques since most of the cases are severe. There was no significant association found between aetiologies and levels of injury.

title: Traumatic @entity2685 : electrodiagnostic findings from 111 XXXX in a tertiary care hospital in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Dumitru and Wilbourn scale']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'plexus injuries', 'Supraclavicular injury', 'infraclavicular injury', 'Isolated supraclavicular injury']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['BPIs', 'brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large intestines with @entity7261 exhibit functionally abnormal peristaltic activity and elevated luminal pressure that may indicate functional changes in the myenteric plexus; however, no studies have investigated the characteristics of either normal or @entity7261 myenteric plexuses. METHODS: Tissue specimens obtained from 93 @entity14 @entity1 without @entity7261 , 14 @entity1 with @entity4436 , and 12 @entity14 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity7261 were included in this study. Myenteric plexuses and @entity4494 cells were counted per centimeter, and the area and maximum diameter of the nuclei of @entity4494 cells were measured using an image analyzer. RESULTS: The number of myenteric plexuses and @entity4494 cells per centimeter was significantly higher in the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum than in the cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon. The area of the nuclei of @entity4494 cells was significantly larger in the descending colon and sigmoid colon than in the cecum and ascending colon. Compared with large intestines without @entity7261 , the number of myenteric plexuses was significantly higher in large intestines with @entity7261 , whereas the number of @entity4494 cells decreased in both right-sided and left-sided large intestines with @entity4436 or asymptomatic @entity7261 . The area of the nuclei of @entity4494 cells was significantly smaller in large intestines with @entity7261 . CONCLUSION: The morphology of myenteric plexuses and the @entity4494 cells differs significantly among segments of the @entity1 large intestine. Large intestines with @entity7261 had significantly more plexuses but significantly fewer @entity4494 cells than large intestines without @entity7261 . The area of the nuclei of @entity4494 cells was also significantly smaller in large intestines with @entity7261 . Further studies are required to clarify how these changes are related to intestinal function and how they are involved in the etiology of @entity7261 .

title: Morphology of myenteric plexuses in the XXXX large intestine: comparison between large intestines with and without colonic diverticula.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula', 'diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['perforated diverticulitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Ecological disturbances exert an influence on the emergence and proliferation of @entity311 and zoonotic @entity4801 , including, @entity232 , @entity11447 , @entity7014 , @entity7246 , @entity2040 , @entity6565 , @entity7289 , and @entity6600 . Each environmental change, whether occurring as a natural phenomenon or through @entity1 intervention, changes the ecological balance and context within which disease hosts or vectors and parasites breed, develop, and transmit disease. Each species occupies a particular ecological niche and vector species sub-populations are distinct behaviourally and genetically as they adapt to @entity1 -made environments. Most zoonotic parasites display three distinct life cycles: sylvatic, zoonotic, and anthroponotic. In adapting to changed environmental conditions, including reduced non- @entity1 population and increased @entity1 population, some vectors display conversion from a primarily zoophyllic to primarily anthrophyllic orientation. Deforestation and ensuing changes in landuse, @entity1 settlement, commercial development, road construction, water control systems (dams, canals, irrigation systems, reservoirs), and climate, singly, and in combination have been accompanied by global increases in morbidity and mortality from emergent @entity4801 . The replacement of forests with crop farming, ranching, and raising small animals can create supportive habitats for parasites and their host vectors. When the land use of deforested areas changes, the pattern of @entity1 settlement is altered and habitat fragmentation may provide opportunities for exchange and transmission of parasites to the heretofore uninfected @entity1 . Construction of water control projects can lead to shifts in such vector populations as snails and mosquitoes and their parasites. Construction of roads in previously inaccessible forested areas can lead to erosion, and stagnant ponds by blocking the flow of streams when the water rises during the rainy season. The combined effects of environmentally detrimental changes in local land use and alterations in global climate disrupt the natural ecosystem and can increase the risk of transmission of @entity4801 to the @entity1 population.

title: Effects of environmental change on emerging XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7246 :: ('MESH:D014352', 'Disease') :: ['trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans', 'man']

entities_list: @entity11447 :: ('MESH:D003457', 'Disease') :: ['cryptosporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases', 'parasitic disease']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['giardiasis']

entities_list: @entity7289 :: ('MESH:D009855', 'Disease') :: ['onchocerciasis']

answer: @entity4801 :: (MESH:D010272,Disease) :: ['parasitic diseases']


abstract: CONTEXT: Screening for @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) in health care settings has been recommended by some professional organizations, although there is limited information regarding the accuracy, acceptability, and completeness of different screening methods and instruments. OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal method for @entity1004 screening in health care settings. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cluster randomized trial conducted from May 2004 to January 2005 at 2 each of emergency departments, family practices, and @entity1 's health clinics in Ontario, Canada. @entity1 : English-speaking @entity1 aged 18 to 64 years who were well enough to participate and could be seen individually were eligible. Of 2602 eligible @entity1 , 141 (5%) refused participation. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomized by clinic day or shift to 1 of 3 screening approaches: a face-to-face interview with a health care provider (physician or nurse), written self-completed questionnaire, and computer-based self-completed questionnaire. Two screening instruments-the Partner Violence Screen (PVS) and the @entity1 Abuse Screening Tool (WAST)-were administered and compared with the @entity734 ( @entity734 ) as the criterion standard. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The approaches were evaluated on prevalence, extent of missing data, and @entity1 preference. Agreement between the screening instruments and the @entity734 was examined. RESULTS: The 12-month prevalence of @entity1004 ranged from 4.1% to 17.7%, depending on screening method, instrument, and health care setting. Although no statistically significant main effects on prevalence were found for method or screening instrument, a significant interaction between method and instrument was found: prevalence was lower on the written WAST vs other combinations. The face-to-face approach was least preferred by @entity1 . The WAST and the written format yielded significantly less missing data than the PVS and other methods. The PVS and WAST had similar sensitivities (49.2% and 47.0%, respectively) and specificities (93.7% and 95.6%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In screening for @entity1004 , @entity1 preferred self-completed approaches over face-to-face questioning; computer-based screening did not increase prevalence; and written screens had fewest missing data. These are important considerations for both clinical and research efforts in @entity1004 screening. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00336297.

title: Approaches to screening for XXXX in health care settings: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['IPV', 'intimate partner violence']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'Woman', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Composite Abuse Scale', 'CAS']

answer: @entity1004 :: (MESH:C563733,Disease) :: ['intimate partner violence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture on the urodynamics of @entity1494 in @entity1 with radial hysterectomy. METHODS: A total of 64 cases of @entity1494 @entity1 with radial hysterectomy were divided into urinary canal indwelling group (control group, 19 cases), Sanyinjiao ( @entity8949 ) group (23 cases) and Baliao (bilateral BL 31, BL 32, BL 33 and @entity20870 ) group (22 cases). EA (4 Hz, 4-6 V) was applied to the abovementioned acupoints for 30 min, once daily. Catheters were replaced on the 7th day after surgical operation in all the @entity1 and then removed after 5 days' treatment. Postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), maximum cystometric capacity (MCC), and average flow rate (Q(ave)) of urine were detected after seven days' treatment. RESULTS: On the 7th day after operation, no significant differences were found among 3 groups in PVR, MCC and Q(ave). On the 12th day, PVR of 3 groups decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and Q(ave) of @entity8949 and Baliao groups increased considerably (P < 0.05). In comparison with control group, PVR of @entity8949 and Baliao groups decreased considerably, while Q(ave) of the two acupuncture groups increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the therapeutic effects of Baliao group were obviously superior to those of @entity8949 group (P < 0.05). Of the 19, 23 and 22 @entity1 with urinary canal indwelling in control, @entity8949 and Baliao groups, 16 (84.21%), 18 (78.26%) and 7 (31.82%) had no marked improvement in the bladder function on the 12th day after operation. On the 7th and 12th day after operation, the @entity293 was found in 1 and 10 cases in control group, 2 and 8 cases in @entity11548 and 6 cases in Baliao group respectively. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture has a good therapeutic effect in improving the urodynamics of the bladder in radial hysterectomy @entity1 , and the action of Baliao is the best.

title: [Effect of acupuncture on bladder function in XXXX with radical hysterectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT) is a widely used indicator of liver function, ALT enzymatic activity may not always reflect the degree of @entity409 . Improved methods or approaches would be useful. METHODS: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to ALT were generated to develop a sandwich enzyme immunoassay system. We used an immunoassay to measure ALT mass concentration and a common biochemical analyzer to assay ALT enzymatic activity in serum samples from @entity1 with @entity409 and healthy individuals. The results from the 2 methods were compared and analyzed by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: The ALT sandwich enzyme immunoassay system demonstrated reliable performance in linearity, recovery, and imprecision studies. The ALT activity assay exhibited a higher diagnostic accuracy in @entity99 ( @entity99 ) @entity1 , but the ALT immunoassay exhibited higher sensitivity and specificity in @entity1 with chronic @entity409 . The areas under the ROC curve for ALT mass and enzymatic activity were 0.82 and 0.98, respectively, in @entity96 ( @entity157 ), and 0.94 and 0.45 in @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ). Serum samples from @entity157 and @entity1575 @entity1 had higher amounts of ALT-immunoglobulin complexes [median A(450), 1.7 (interquartile range, 1.4-1.9)] than the other groups [1.3 (interquartile range, 0.9-1.6)]. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis of sera from the @entity157 and @entity1575 @entity1 groups revealed considerable amounts of immunologically active but catalytically inactive ALT. The amount of the ALT-immunoglobulin complex increased with the severity of the @entity409 . The 2-site immunoassay method may be useful in the differential diagnosis of some causes of @entity409 .

title: Abundance of immunologically active @entity493 aminotransferase in sera of @entity1575 and XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['AH, 0.99 and 0.52 in hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases', 'liver disease', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['LC', 'liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatitis', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: @entity30927 is a glycoprotein with gel-forming properties, whose altered expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity2194 . The aim of our study was to achieve an efficient in vivo transfection of @entity30927 , restore its normal levels in an inflamed ocular surface and determine whether restored @entity30927 levels improve ocular surface @entity32 . Cationized gelatin-based nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with a plasmid coding a modified @entity30927 protein (pMUC5AC) were instilled in healthy and @entity936 ( @entity936 ) @entity19 . @entity30927 expression, clinical signs, corneal @entity941 staining and tear production were evaluated. Ocular specimens were processed for histopathologic evaluation, including goblet cell count and @entity1961 immunostaining. Neither @entity2194 nor irritation was observed in vivo after NP treatment. Expression of modified @entity30927 was significantly higher in ocular surface tissue of pMUC5AC-NP-treated animals than that of controls. In healthy @entity19 , pMUC5AC-NPs had no effect on @entity941 staining or tear production. In @entity936 @entity19 , both parameters significantly improved after pMUC5AC-NP treatment. Anterior eye segment of treated @entity19 showed normal architecture and morphology with lack of remarkable inflammatory changes, and a decrease in @entity1961 + T-cell infiltration. Thus, pMUC5AC-NPs were well tolerated and able to induce the expression of modified MUC5A in ocular surface tissue, leading to reduction of the @entity32 and, consequently improving the associated clinical parameters, such as tear production and @entity941 staining. These results identify a potential application of pMUC5AC-NPs as a new therapeutic modality for the treatment of @entity2194 .

title: A nanomedicine to treat ocular surface @entity32 : performance on an XXXX @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease', 'ocular discomfort']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['experimental dry eye', 'EDE']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['experimental dry eye']


abstract: Several cDNA clones encoding delta @entity23178 reductase ( @entity55050 , @entity10653 : @entity2125 [P]+ 5-oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.2), which catalyzes the terminal step in @entity1521 biosynthesis, were isolated from a @entity3587 leaf library screened with a 32P-labeled Aval fragment of a @entity1460 nodule @entity55050 cDNA (A.J. Delauney, D.P.S. Verma [1990] Mol Gen Genet 221: 299-305). DNA sequence analysis of one full-length 1.3-kb clone (pPPS3) indicated that the @entity3587 @entity55050 gene contains a single major open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 28,242 Da. Genomic analysis suggested that two to three copies of the @entity55050 gene are present per haploid genome in @entity3587 . The primary structure of @entity3587 @entity55050 is 85% identical with that of @entity1460 and exhibits significant homology to @entity1 , @entity375 , and @entity526 @entity55050 . The sequence of one of four highly conserved domains found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic P5CRs is similar to the consensus sequence for the @entity1110 -binding site of other enzymes. The @entity3587 @entity55050 cDNA hybridized to two transcripts, 1.3 and 1.1 kb in size, in polyadenylated RNA purified from leaf tissues of mature, light-grown plants (4 weeks old). Only the 1.3-kb transcript was detected in younger (1 week old) greened seedlings or in etiolated seedlings. In greened seedlings, steady-state levels of this 1.3-kb mRNA increased approximately 5-fold in root tissues within 6 h after plants were irrigated with 0.4 M @entity1219 , suggesting that expression of the @entity55050 gene is osmoregulated.

title: Molecular cloning and evidence for osmoregulation of the delta @entity23178 reductase (proC) gene in XXXX ( @entity3587 .).

entities_list: @entity23178 :: ('MESH:C015485', 'Chemical') :: ['1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity3587 :: (3888,Species) :: ['pea']


abstract: @entity13135 ( @entity16324 ), the oldest chemotherapeutic agents used for antimicrobial therapy, still play an important role in veterinary mass treatments. Consequently, traces of these compounds, alone or in combinations, have been repeatedly detected in the environment. @entity13136 (SMZ) deserves particular attention not only because it is the most used veterinary SA, but also due to its proven effects on fertility in @entity19 and on thyroid hormone homeostasis in @entity35 . In this study, after evaluating the acute @entity137 to Daphnia magna of six veterinary @entity16324 and @entity206 ( @entity1597 ), the additivity of SMZ to each other compound was tested using the isobologram method. Two reproduction tests on the same biological model were also performed in order to derive LOEC and NOEC of SMZ. The acute EC(50) was in the range 131-270 mgL(-1) for all the compounds tested with the exception of @entity37350 (EC(50)=3.86 mgL(-1)). In acute binary tests SMZ showed a complex interaction with @entity29407 (superadditivity, additivity or subadditivity) at the three different combination ratios tested, simple additivity to @entity1597 and less than additive interaction when paired to the other @entity16324 . LOEC and NOEC of SMZ obtained from reproduction tests were 3.125 and 1.563 mgL(-1), respectively. In conclusion, SMZ should not harm the crustacean population at environmentally realistic concentrations. Its @entity137 is comparable to that of other systemic @entity16324 , and their binary interactions are less than additive. The same can not be entirely said for enteric @entity16324 , and considering that these compounds are administered at high doses and mostly excreted in unmetabolised form, further evaluation of their impact to the aquatic environment seems advisable.

title: The @entity137 of @entity13136 to Daphnia magna and its additivity to other veterinary @entity13135 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity37350 :: ('MESH:D013414', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfaguanidine']

entities_list: @entity29407 :: ('MESH:D013428', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfaquinoxaline']

entities_list: @entity13135 :: ('MESH:D013449', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfonamides']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity13136 :: ('MESH:D013418', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfamethazine']

answer: @entity206 :: (MESH:D014295,Chemical) :: ['trimethoprim']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity101 emergencies has recently improved dramatically owing to the development of effective antihypertensive therapy. We examined the histological and clinical features of @entity1 with @entity101 emergency-related @entity8 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1 (11 @entity1 and one @entity1 ) were diagnosed as having @entity101 emergencies with @entity810 according to the Joint National Committee-7 classification of blood pressure for adults and underwent renal biopsies at our hospital between 1995 and 2008. These @entity1 were enrolled in this retrospective study. RESULTS: The age of the subjects was 40.1  9.8 years. At presentation, the mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 232  32/146  12 mmHg and none of the @entity1 were being treated with antihypertensive drugs, although 10 @entity1 had histories of @entity101 . The mean serum @entity1011 level was 6.1  4.7 mg/dL. All 12 @entity1 showed @entity4346 on echocardiography. On light microscopy of the renal biopsy specimens, all 12 @entity1 showed onion skin patterns of the arterioles; however, no fibrinoid @entity39 of the small arteries was found. Electron microscopy revealed electron-lucent widening of the subendothelial zone of the glomerular capillary walls in seven @entity1 . One of the 12 @entity1 did not respond to medical therapy and required regular dialysis. The other 11 @entity1 responded to treatment. CONCLUSION: An onion skin pattern of the arterioles is the most frequent histological finding in @entity1 with @entity101 emergency-related @entity8 . Long-standing @entity101 might contribute to this arteriolar change, since @entity4346 was also seen in these @entity1 . With strict control of @entity101 using antihypertensive medications, the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity101 emergency-related @entity8 can be improved.

title: Clinical and pathological evaluation of @entity101 emergency-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Eosinophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). A subset of @entity29 @entity1 develops @entity1503 , and the clinical profile of these @entity1 is undefined. We sought to characterize @entity29 @entity1 with and without @entity1712 . METHODS: We studied a prospective registry of 1,176 @entity29 @entity1 followed in a tertiary referral center. @entity1 who developed @entity1712 at any time were identified by electronic medical record query. We performed a chart review case-control study comparing @entity1 with recurrent @entity1712 versus randomly selected disease-matched @entity1 with no history of @entity1712 . Histological analysis was performed on selected cases and controls. RESULTS: Eosinophilia at any time was more prevalent in @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 than @entity30 @entity1 (22.2 versus 12.7%), as was recurrent @entity1712 (3.4 versus 0.7%). @entity31 @entity1 with recurrent @entity1712 were predominantly male compared with the control @entity31 population (81.3 versus 46.9%) and had higher rates of colectomy for either medically refractory disease or @entity1141 / @entity5 than control @entity31 @entity1 (56.3 versus 15.6%). @entity991 ( @entity991 ) occurred in 37.5% of @entity31 @entity1 with recurrent @entity1712 compared with only 3.1% in the @entity31 controls. Histological analysis of random diagnostic samples from @entity31 @entity1 with recurrent @entity1712 demonstrated a normal eosinophil pattern as seen in the control @entity31 population. CONCLUSIONS: Eosinophilia-associated @entity31 is a subgroup of @entity29 associated with severe @entity1960 and @entity991 . Further studies are warranted to characterize molecular mechanisms underlying @entity1712 -associated @entity31 and to determine optimal approaches for therapy.

title: Recurrent @entity1503 in XXXX is associated with severe disease and @entity991 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'Primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ) is a rare manifestation of @entity13571 which affects predominantly the aorta and its main branches, but often remains unrecognised owing to delayed diagnosis and non-characteristic clinical features. @entity370 , too, is a systemic @entity32 which can affect virtually any organ system. Reports about the coincidence of both diseases have appeared. The case presented here is characterised by a significant time lag between detection of @entity12040 and appearance of clinical signs of @entity370 . The @entity1 , now 39 years old, had @entity5406 , circumscript @entity1665 , and recurrent @entity1596 , which dated back to 1980 and was attributed to @entity370 . At least 12 years later @entity337 with progressive @entity712 developed. Histology performed at the time of aortic valve prosthesis in 1997 disclosed a diagnosis of @entity12040 , which was confined to the aortic root. Incidentally, @entity370 was diagnosed in adjacent lymph nodes. A thorough check up failed to detect further manifestations of @entity12040 ; thus, possibly, the @entity1 had @entity3665 similar to, but not identical with, @entity12040 . Several related cases previously reported are discussed, suggesting that both diseases may be inherently related as they are characterised by certain non-specific, immunoinflammatory abnormalities. This case report suggests that the prevalence of @entity12040 , or related forms of @entity3468 , may be higher than expected and should be considered, especially in younger @entity1 with non-characteristic cardiovascular symptoms and suspected systemic @entity32 . Moreover, the association with @entity370 in this and other previously described cases suggests that the two diseases may be related and that @entity12040 or @entity12040 -like @entity1333 may even be a complication of @entity370 .

title: Concurrence of @entity370 and XXXX : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['systemic large vessel vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['TA', 'Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity3665 :: (MESH:D001025,Disease) :: ['aortitis']


abstract: To determine the timing and patterns of late recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) alone or RP plus adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). Between 1970 and 1983, 159 @entity1 underwent RP for newly diagnosed @entity263 and were found to have positive surgical margins, extracapsular extension and/or seminal vesicle invasion. Of these, 46 received adjuvant RT and 113 did not. The RT group generally received 45-50 Gy to the whole pelvis, then a boost to the prostate bed (total dose of 55-65 Gy). In the RP group, 62% received neoadjuvant/adjuvant @entity342 deprivation vs 17% in the RT group. @entity1 were analyzed with respect to timing and patterns of failure. Only one @entity1 was lost to follow-up. The median follow-up for surviving @entity1 was nearly 20 years. The median time to failure in the surgery group was 7.5 vs 14.7 years in the RT group (P=0.1). Late recurrences were less common in the surgery group than the RT group (9 and 1% at 10 and 15 years, respectively vs 17 and 9%). In contrast to recurrences, nearly half of @entity204 from @entity263 occurred more than 10 years after treatment. Deaths from @entity263 represented 55% of all @entity204 in these @entity1 . Recurrences beyond 10 years after RP in this group of @entity1 were relatively uncommon. Despite its long natural history, @entity204 from @entity263 was the most common cause of mortality in this population with locally advanced @entity5 , reflecting the need for more effective therapy.

title: Timing and patterns of recurrences and XXXX from @entity263 following adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy for pathologic stage T3/4 @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: The etiology of @entity944 in @entity1 with @entity302 remains unclear. Previous studies in a well-established @entity742 model of @entity159 showed that more than one-third of the unsedated animals died within 5 minutes of @entity410 onset due to @entity3316 . The relative contributions of @entity1224 could not be determined because airway flow and respiratory effort were not monitored. In this study, @entity159 was induced in unsedated @entity742 with tracheostomies monitored by electrocardiography, electroencephalography, arterial line, serial blood gases, and airway flowmeter. All 8 animals demonstrated central @entity386 and @entity3316 , which resulted in the @entity204 of 1 and contributed to the @entity204 of another. A third animal died of @entity712 within 2 minutes of @entity410 onset, accompanied by a large septal @entity296 , contraction bands, and signs of global @entity299 . More subtle contraction bands, @entity548 , and signs of @entity741 were seen in other animals as well, none of which died of cardiac causes. Malignant @entity943 was not seen in any of the @entity742 . @entity11627 and @entity386 accompany generalized @entity159 and may be an important cause of @entity944 in @entity302 . @entity712 may also be a cause of @entity302 @entity944 .

title: Central @entity386 and acute XXXX in a @entity742 model of @entity302 @entity944 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Acute cardiac failure', 'acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity11627 :: ('MESH:C536209', 'Disease') :: ['Central hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'epileptics']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction and central hypoventilation']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac ischemia']


abstract: We have studied the effects of in vivo asbestos exposure on the surface immune-associated (Ia) antigen expression and distribution of @entity133 subpopulations defined by continuous iso-osmotic Percoll gradients (density range: 1.006 to 1.123 g/ml) using a @entity35 model of @entity4185 . Two groups of @entity35 were exposed by intermittent inhalation (6 hr/day for 5 days/week over 4 weeks) to either @entity51384 (crocidolite) or @entity9155 (chrysotile) asbestos. A group of control @entity35 was sham-exposed to clean air only. Alveolar macrophages from @entity35 of three groups were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. During exposure, distinct differences appeared within 7 days of asbestos exposure, and some of these findings persisted in the @entity17110 -exposed group for as long as 2 to 5 months after the cessation of exposure. Furthermore, relatively greater proportions of Ia-antigen positive cells were detected in several density fractions obtained from both asbestos-exposed groups (especially the crocidolite-exposed group). Multinucleated alveolar macrophages were seen frequently in all Percoll fractions after both types of @entity4185 . A significant proportion of multinucleated alveolar macrophages in these fractions expressed surface Ia-antigen positivity. The finding of enriched numbers of higher-density phagocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage cell subpopulations from asbestos-exposed @entity35 may reflect the presence of newly recruited-immature monocytes and/or macrophages at sites of intrapulmonary asbestos deposition. Also, increased proportions of Ia-antigen positive cells suggest that a part of them were functionally activated.

title: The effects of @entity4185 on the distribution and enhancement of immunoassociated antigen expression of XXXX subpopulation.

entities_list: @entity51384 :: ('CHEBI:46677', 'Chemical') :: ['amphibole']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar macrophage']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos inhalation']

entities_list: @entity17110 :: ('MESH:D017638', 'Chemical') :: ['crocidolite']

entities_list: @entity9155 :: ('CHEBI:46670', 'Chemical') :: ['serpentine']

answer: @entity133 :: (MESH:D002282,Disease) :: ['alveolar macrophage']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) produced by NO synthase (NOS) serves as a ubiquitous mediator molecule involved in many physiologic lung functions, including regulation of vascular and bronchial tone, immunocompetence, and neuronal signaling. On the other hand, excessive and inappropriate NO synthesis in @entity32 and @entity295 has been implicated in @entity455 and cell injury. At least three different NOS isoforms (neuronal/brain [ @entity5612 ], inducible [ @entity1506 ], and endothelial [eNOS]) have been described, which are all expressed in normal lung tissue. We investigated the cell-specific expression of @entity5612 , @entity1506 , and eNOS in perfused control @entity35 lungs and lungs undergoing stimulation with endotoxin in the presence and absence of plasma constituents. Lung immunohistochemistry and quantitative evaluation of staining intensity showed endotoxin-induced increase in @entity1506 expression in particular in bronchial epithelial cells, cells of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), alveolar macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. In endothelial cells, which did not express @entity1506 at baseline, newly induced @entity1506 was found in response to endotoxin. In contrast, expression of eNOS was markedly suppressed under endotoxin challenge, particularly in bronchial epithelium, BALT, and alveolar macrophages but also in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. eNOS expression in bronchial smooth muscle cells was not altered. In contrast to @entity1506 and eNOS, cellular expression of @entity5612 in epithelial cells, nerve fibers, BALT, and endothelial cells did not change in response to endotoxin. All changes in NOS regulation were found to be independent of plasma constituents. We conclude that endotoxin exerts a profound impact on the cell-specific NOS regulation in a large number of lung cell types. Prominent features include de novo synthesis or up-regulation of @entity1506 , in contrast to down-regulation of eNOS, which may well contribute to @entity455 , inflammatory sequelae, and loss of physiologic functions in @entity358 .

title: Cell-specific @entity842 synthase-isoenzyme expression and regulation in response to endotoxin in intact XXXX lungs.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['septic lung failure']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim of this phase II study was to characterise the efficacy and @entity137 of semisynthetic @entity1311 in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . Eligible @entity1 had measurable disease and had been treated with one prior chemotherapy regimen either as adjuvant or for @entity3 . Semisynthetic @entity1311 was given at a dose of 175 mg/m2 over 3 h every 21 days with @entity619 , @entity4444 and @entity3933 premedications. 31 @entity1 were entered. All were evaluable for @entity137 . 30 @entity1 were evaluable for response because 1 @entity1 was lost to follow-up after receiving one cycle. One @entity1 achieved a complete response and 10 @entity1 achieved partial responses for an overall response rate (CR + PR) of 37% (95% confidence interval 20-56%). 17 @entity1 (55%) experienced at least one episode of grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 . There were two episodes of @entity1398 complicating 155 cycles of therapy. One of these resulted in a treatment-related @entity204 in a @entity1 with pulmonary metastasis. 3 @entity1 required dose reductions for grade 3 @entity16 . Our study shows that the antitumour activity and toxic effects of semisynthetic @entity1311 appear to be identical to the naturally occurring product.

title: Phase II study of semisynthetic @entity1311 in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity882 and platelet function abnormalities are problems commonly found in @entity1 with @entity409 ( @entity409 ). Despite lack of widespread recognition as to the clinical significance of Soluble @entity8729 (sP-selectin), in that increased levels of sP-selectin have been described in @entity1 with @entity409 , it has been proposed as a marker of in-vivo platelet activation. The study's aim was to determine whether levels of sP-selectin in @entity1 with @entity409 increase in accordance with the degree of @entity1578 , the likelihood of @entity409 @entity1 with high sP-selectin levels being more prone to @entity715 , as well as investigating the coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters related to the sP-selectin. METHODOLOGY: This study was comprised of two groups: 40 @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity101 (28 males and 12 females); and a control group of 10 healthy volunteers (6 males and 4 females). In both groups, biochemical parameters, sP-selectin, coagulation and fibrinolytic activity levels were measured and a Doppler ultrasound was performed. RESULTS: Plasma sP-selectin levels were found to be higher in the @entity1 compared to those of the control group (p < 0.01), while at the same time significant differences were observed with respect to the stage of disease. @entity1 with low platelet counts were found to have higher sP-selectin levels than those with normal platelet counts (p < 0.01). Seven @entity1 (17.5%) were seen to have portal vein @entity715 upon doppler ultrasound examination, while sP-selectin levels were significantly lower in those @entity1 with @entity715 than those without (p < 0.05). It was our finding that sP-selectin levels inversely correlated with anti thrombin III. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, sP-selectin levels related to the degree of @entity409 and @entity715 are seen together with low platelet and sP-selectin levels in @entity1 with @entity82 .

title: Soluble P selectin levels in XXXX : relationship to disease severity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['CLD', 'chronic liver disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['chronic liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because many @entity1 with @entity731 of the abdominal aorta also have @entity453 , assessment of cardiac risk before abdominal aortic surgery has received much attention. Our prospective study was designed to identify predictors of cardiac risk in consecutive @entity1 evaluated preoperatively with @entity4341 -thallium single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) to assess myocardial perfusion and radionuclide angiography to measure left ventricular ejection fraction. METHODS: Clinical and scintigraphic data were collected prospectively during hospitalization in 457 consecutive @entity1 undergoing elective abdominal aortic surgery. Adverse cardiac outcomes were predicted with multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Eighty-six @entity1 (19 percent) had one or more of the following postoperative complications: prolonged @entity741 (61 @entity1 ), @entity583 (22), @entity712 (20), and severe @entity1165 (2). Twenty @entity1 died postoperatively (4.4 percent), half of them from cardiac causes. Information about myocardial perfusion obtained from @entity4341 -thallium SPECT did not accurately predict adverse cardiac outcomes. The best correlates of @entity299 were definite clinical evidence of @entity453 (odds ratio, 2.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 4.3) and age greater than 65 years (odds ratio, 2.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 3.6). Measurement of the ejection fraction was useful only in the prediction of @entity1002 . Age greater than 65 years was the only predictor of @entity204 (odds ratio, 26.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.5 to 200.0). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of definite clinical evidence of @entity453 and older age were the most important preoperative predictors of an adverse cardiac outcome after abdominal aortic surgery. These results suggest that the routine use of @entity4341 -thallium SPECT and radionuclide angiography for screening before abdominal aortic surgery may not be justified.

title: XXXX -thallium scintigraphy and gated radionuclide angiography to assess cardiac risk before abdominal aortic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity4341 :: (MESH:D004176,Chemical) :: ['Dipyridamole']


abstract: AIM: To examine the expression of @entity18760 , a member of the transforming growth factor (TGFbeta) superfamily, recently has been reported to be overexpressed in liver @entity82 , in the course of @entity4314 -induced @entity35 @entity1575 . METHODS: @entity1575 was induced in @entity35 by subcutaneous injections of 40% @entity4314 oily solution for a period of 1 to 7 weeks. At the end of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks after @entity4314 injections, the @entity35 were killed in group (6-10 @entity35 each time) for study. The @entity18760 messenger RNA expression and its protein localization were assessed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The normal @entity35 liver expressed @entity18760 mRNA and protein, and its expression was transiently decreased and became undetectable after @entity4314 injections for 2 or 3 weeks and then increased gradually. After injection of @entity4314 for 6 and 7 weeks, @entity18760 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly enhanced in @entity35 liver. Compared with that of the normal @entity35 liver. @entity18760 mRNA expression levels in @entity35 receiving @entity4314 injections for 6 and 7 weeks were 1.6 and 2.2 times that of those in normal @entity35 liver respectively (0.456 +/- 0.094 vs 0.2860.0670, P< 0.01; 0.620 +/- 0.134 vs 0.286 +/- 0670, P< 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that @entity18760 expressed in hepatocytes of normal liver, and its expression was decreased in @entity35 receiving @entity4314 for 2 or 3 weeks. Compared with normal liver, @entity18760 expression distribution mode changed in fibrotic liver, being increased significantly in hepatocytes around fibrotic areas. CONCLUSION: @entity18760 expression was increased in late stage of @entity1575 , and this may be involved in @entity1575 formation in this period.

title: Expression changes of @entity18760 in the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis', 'Hepatic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['hepatic fibrosis']


abstract: Examination is a cornerstone in the manual procedures leading to mobilisation/manipulation of the low back. The observer variation of the more specific segmental tests remains to be investigated. Two skilled specialists in manual medicine examined the segmental changes in the lumbar spine. The @entity1 were unknown to the examiners and no information of the case history was given. All test results were recorded by an observer present in the room who ensured that no conversation was allowed during the examination. The primary outcome measures were the kappa values for each test. The matching was defined as acceptable (acc) within two neighbouring levels and perfect (per) on the same level. Intra-observer variation (tested in 33 @entity1 and 10 subjects without @entity1643 ): The agreement between first and second segmental diagnosis examination was 70% (per) and 82% (per + acc). Kappa values were: segmental diagnosis 0.60 (per) and 0.70 (per + acc), multifidus test 0.51 (per) and 0.60 (per + acc), sideflexion 0.57 (per) and 0.69 (per + acc), and ventral flexion 0.31 (per) and 0.45 (per + acc). Inter-observer variation (tested in 60 @entity1 ): The agreement for segmental diagnosis between the examiner A and B was 42% (per) and 75% (per + acc). Kappa values were: segmental diagnosis 0.21 (per) and 0.57 (acc), multifidus test 0.12 (per) and 0.48 (acc), sideflexion 0.22 (per) and 0.45 (acc), and ventralflexion 0.22 (per) and 0.44 (acc). By manual tests, skilled examiners seem to be able to diagnose @entity4148 in the low back. The clinical implication of these dysfunctions remains to be clarified.

title: Intra-observer and inter-observer agreement of the manual examination of the lumbar spine in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['segmental dysfunctions']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low-back pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the long-term safety and efficacy of intravitreal @entity2995 injection in the management of @entity4 caused by central, hemi-, and branch @entity2994 (CRVO, HRVO, or BRVO). METHODS: This prospective, interventional case series included 13 @entity1 (13 eyes) with @entity2994 and @entity4 . They received an intravitreal injection of 4 mg @entity2995 . Follow-up was for 1 year with repeat injections where appropriate. Outcome measures were visual acuity and macular thickness measured using ocular coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS: There were four @entity1 with CRVO, one with HRVO, and eight with BRVO (13 eyes). Mean duration of symptoms before intravitreal @entity2995 injection was 6.8 months (SD 4.5 months). Eight eyes (62%) responded well with improved visual acuity and macular thickness 1-3 months postinjection. All eight eyes developed recurrent @entity4 and five received repeat injections. Three @entity1 declined a second injection. No improvement in visual acuity or OCT macular thickness was seen after the second injection with visual acuity returning to baseline levels at 1-year follow-up. Three eyes (23%) showed no response to the initial injection (no improvement in macular thickness or visual acuity). Seven @entity1 (54%) had a rise in intraocular pressure with six (46%) requiring treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injection of @entity2995 is effective as a short-term treatment of @entity4 owing to @entity2994 , improving both visual acuity and macular thickness. However, this effectiveness is not maintained after 1 year despite repeat injections.

title: Intravitreal @entity2995 for XXXX owing to @entity2994 .

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['macular oedema']


abstract: PURPOSE: More than 90% of @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ) contain a fusion of the @entity12726 and @entity21468 genes, due to the t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation. At the molecular level, the @entity12726 - @entity21468 rearrangements show great diversity. Specifically, many different combinations of exons from @entity12726 and @entity21468 encode in-frame fusion transcripts and result in differences in the length and composition of the chimeric protein, which functions as an oncogenic aberrant transcription factor. In the most common fusion type (type 1), @entity12726 exon 7 is linked in frame with exon 6 of @entity21468 . As the fundamental pathogenetic lesion in @entity2828 , the molecular heterogeneity of these fusion transcripts may have functional and clinical significance. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a clinical and pathologic analysis of 112 @entity1 with @entity2828 in which @entity12726 - @entity21468 fusion transcripts were identified by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Adequate treatment and follow-up data were available in 99 @entity1 treated with curative intent. Median follow-up in these 99 @entity1 was 26 months (range, 1 to 140 months). Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed that included other prognostic factors, such as age, @entity5 location, size, and stage. RESULTS: Among the 99 @entity1 suitable for survival analysis, the @entity5 in 64 @entity1 contained the type 1 fusion and in 35 @entity1 contained less common fusion types. Stage at presentation was localized in 74 @entity1 and metastatic in 25. @entity3 (relative risk [RR] = 2.6; P = .008), and type 1 @entity12726 - @entity21468 fusion (RR = 0.37; P = .014) were, respectively, independent negative and positive prognostic factors for overall survival by multivariate analysis. Among 74 @entity1 with localized @entity5 , the type 1 @entity12726 - @entity21468 fusion was also a significant positive predictor of overall survival (RR = 0.32; P = .034) by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: @entity12726 - @entity21468 fusion type appears to be prognostically relevant in @entity2828 , independent of @entity5 site, stage, and size. Further studies are needed to clarify the biologic basis of this phenomenon.

title: @entity12726 - @entity21468 fusion transcript structure is an independent determinant of prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcomas", 'ES']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity957 of the oesophagus, is a common @entity5 in @entity3595 Lanka. A thickened and pale appearance of the oral, hypopharyngeal and oesophageal mucosa, has been observed during endoscopy. The aim of this study was to document the histological changes of the mucosa thus affected in 93 @entity1 with @entity957 of the oesophagus. METHOD: 93 @entity1 with @entity189 had mucosal biopsies done from the left cheek, hypopharynx and 2.5 cm. and 5 cm above the @entity5 , during endoscopy for biopsy of the @entity5 . Paraffin sections of the biopsy stained with @entity6175 and @entity1711 were examined. 25 specimens of oesophageal tissue, and tissue from the mucosa and hypopharyngeal mucosa obtained at coroners' autopsies from a comparable group served as controls (15 males, 10 females). RESULTS: The @entity5 were @entity957 of varying grades of differentiation. The mucosal biopsies showed, acanthosis, @entity1491 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ) grades I-III, @entity102 , koilocytosis and @entity1185 . The mucosa of the control group only showed koilocytosis and @entity1185 in two cases. CONCLUSION: Pathological changes such as acanthosis, @entity1491 , @entity5 , chronic @entity354 and @entity1185 occur in the oral hypopharyngeal and other areas of the oesophageal squamous mucosa, in association with @entity957 of the oesophagus.

title: Mucosal changes in the upper gastrointestinal tract in @entity3595 Lankan XXXX with @entity957 of the oesophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intra epithelial neoplasia', 'tumours', 'IEN', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma', 'Squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['Haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagitis koilocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']