abstract: Five cases with multiple @entity39378 from two families, and two other unrelated @entity1 are presented. Multiple keratocysts of the jaws were found in all patinets whose cysts had been examined histologically. There were also several follicular cysts without keratinization. In some cysts there was even a pronounced proliferation of the basal cells, which resembled @entity1491 . @entity1491 were seen in only three @entity1 , apparently because the series had been selected for the presence of multiple @entity39378 . However, two @entity1 with only pigmented nevi showed a marked proliferation of the basal cells. An elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase was noted in four out of five @entity1 . The sella turcica was bridged in all but one @entity1 and fusion of the vertebrae was seen in all but two @entity1 . In addition, a high frequency of @entity154 , frontal and parietal bossing, mild mandibular prognathism and dural @entity730 was seen. Therefore, what is called the @entity9658 may be regarded as a @entity3986 . Based on the family pedigrees, an autosomal dominant inheritance with poor penetration seems probable.

title: XXXX and @entity9658 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['rib anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal dystrophy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity9658 :: ('MESH:D001478', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell nevus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'Basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Skeletal anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity23842 ( @entity26864 ) is used in many industries and our previous study showed that @entity26864 causes a reduction in @entity35 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) viability. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity26864 on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MSCs were isolated and expanded to 3rd passage, then cultured in DMEM supplemented with osteogenic media as well as 0.5 or 2.5   M of @entity26864 . After 5, 10, 15, and 21 days, the viability and the level of mineralization was determined using @entity98 assay and @entity622 , respectively. In addition, morphology and nuclear diameter of the cells were studied with the help of fluorescent dye. Furthermore, @entity460 content and alkalinphosphatase activity were also estimated using commercial kits. Data were statistically analyzed and the P<0.05 was taken as the level of significance. RESULTS: The viability and mineralization of the cells treated with 2.5   M of @entity26864 reduced significantly after day 10 in comparison with the control group and administration of 0.5   M. Moreover, chromatin condensation, reduction of nuclei diameter, and cytoplasm shrinkage was observed in the cell treated with 2.5   M. The @entity460 concentration and alkalinphosphatase activity of the cells decreased significantly with 2.5   M of @entity26864 when compared with 0.5   M and control group. CONCLUSION: Adverse effect of @entity26864 was observed on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs at 2.5   M due to disruption of mineralization. We strongly suggest more investigations on this chemical with respect to other stem cells, especially skin stem cells as @entity26864 is used in the formulation of cosmetics.

title: @entity23842 impairs osteogenic differentiation of XXXX bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by influencing the osteoblasts mineralization.

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin red']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity23842 :: ('MESH:C041594', 'Chemical') :: ['Para-Nonylphenol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1 with progressive posttraumatic myelomalacic @entity602 (PPMM), or @entity601 , present with symptoms and signs similar to those observed in case of progressive @entity602 , that is, sensorimotor function deterioration, local and/or @entity158 , increased @entity508 , increased @entity12805 , and @entity1690 . The authors investigated surgical outcomes of untethering combined with expansive duraplasty. Forty @entity1 with PPMM who presented with functional deterioration underwent untethering of the spinal cord and nerve roots with an expansive duraplasty. Meticulous dissections of adhesions on the dorsal and lateral aspects of the spinal cord and nerve roots were performed. Intraoperative ultrasonography was used to detect the presence of a confluent cyst and to assess the success of untethering. After surgery, the @entity1 were treated using a protocol that involved frequent turning for 48 hours and subsequently mobilization. Preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, with and without administration of a contrast agent, was obtained in all @entity1 , except one @entity1 who underwent immediate and delayed computerized tomography (CT) myelography. The mean follow-up period was 3 years (range 20-57 months) for the 36 @entity1 available for follow-up review. Spinal cord tethering was observed in all @entity1 preoperatively. @entity130 was the most common cause of this pathology, accounting for 31 of the 40 cases. Preoperative MR imaging did not demonstrate @entity5 recurrence in the group of five @entity1 who had undergone an initial operation for @entity5 excision. The interval between the causative event and the operation was less than 5 years in half of the @entity1 (20 of 40), with the longest interval lasting up to 37 years. Motor function deterioration was the most frequent manifestation; it was present in 31 of 40 @entity1 . Improvements in motor function, @entity12805 , @entity158 , @entity1690 , and sensory function were found during the most recent follow-up examination in 79%, 75%, 62%, 50%, and 43% of the @entity1 , respectively. Two @entity1 experienced retethering of the spinal cord and one underwent a second operation. Surgical untethering and expansive duraplasty, followed by postoperative position rotation to avoid retethering, provide symptomatic relief for @entity1 with PPMM.

title: Progressive posttraumatic myelomalacic XXXX : treatment with untethering and expansive duraplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'posttraumatic cystic myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['tethered cord syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysreflexia']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicated that local @entity32 played a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of @entity301 . Soluble @entity2936 ligand (sCD40L) and hsC- reactive protein (hsCRP) are important inflammatory mediators. However, whether they can reflect local coronary @entity32 is unclear. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that transcoronary concentration gradient of sCD40L could reflect local @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) more reliably. METHODS: Forty subjects were divided into unstable @entity951 (UAP) group (n=20), @entity5749 ( @entity5749 ) group (n=10), and controls (n=10). Blood samples were collected from the coronary sinus (CS), aortic root (AO), and femoral vein (FV). The coronary circulation was expressed as CS-AO difference, while system circulation was expressed as FV-AO difference. sCD40L and hs-CRP were measured. RESULTS: Complex lesions were more frequent in the UAP group than in the @entity5749 group (85% vs. 40%, p < 0.05). CS-AO differences of sCD40L were much greater in the UAP group than in the @entity5749 or control groups, and were greatly higher than FV-AO difference in UAP group (465.49 +/- 247.85 pg/mL vs. -14.94 +/- 83.41 pg/mL; 465.49 +/- 247.85 pg/mL vs. -7.66 +/- 78.54 pg/mL; 465.49 +/- 247.85 pg/mL vs. -7.99 +/- 141.34 pg/mL, all p < 0.001). CS-AO differences of sCD40L were higher in @entity1 with complex lesions than with smooth lesions (657.86 +/- 384.76 pg/mL vs. 317.62 +/- 409.98 pg/mL, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences of CS-AO in hs-CRP among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity301 , the transcoronary concentration gradient of sCD40L is more sensitive than hsCRP, and sCD40L possibly a better marker of local @entity32 and plaque instability.

title: Transcoronary concentration gradient of sCD40L and hsCRP in XXXX with @entity301 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'stable angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In an autopsy series, 10 out of 27 @entity204 in which ' @entity1151 were discerned as the sole cause of @entity204 had occurred in @entity146 @entity1 . AIMS: To investigate whether antipsychotic medication is a risk factor for @entity49 . METHOD: A description of the 10 @entity146 @entity1 was obtained from the @entity1151 autopsy reports. We carried out a brief historic overview of the literature. We re-analysed data from the Leiden @entity49 Study (LETS), a case-control study on @entity1 with @entity49 . RESULTS: In the autopsy reports, five out of 10 @entity146 @entity1 with fatal @entity1151 had confirmed use of antipsychotic drugs. After the application of @entity2644 and its analogues a higher incidence of @entity49 in @entity146 @entity1 was described in the German literature between 1953 and 1977. In the re-analysis of the LETS case-control study, four patients used antipsychotic drugs versus none in the control group. Recent epidemiological studies of good methodological quality have confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS: @entity49 appears to be associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs in @entity146 @entity1 .

title: Antipsychotic medication and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'Thrombophilia', 'Venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic' pulmonary emboli", 'pulmonary emboli', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: Bone compaction has been shown to increase initial implant fixation. Furthermore, bone compaction creates a peri-implant zone of autograft that exerts osteoconductive properties. We have previously shown that locally applied @entity5520 ( @entity561 ) at 4-week observation can preserve the autograft generated by bone compaction. We now investigate whether the increased amount of autograft, seen at 4 weeks, can increase implant osseointegration and biomechanical fixation. Porous-coated @entity702 implants were bilaterally inserted with bone compaction into the proximal part of tibia of 10 @entity235 . On the right side, local @entity5520 was injected into the bone cavity prior to bone compaction immediately prior to implant insertion. On the left side, saline was used as control. Observation period was 12 weeks. Locally applied @entity5520 significantly increased biomechanical implant fixation (approximately twofold), bone-to-implant contact (1.2-fold), and peri-implant bone volume fraction (2.3-fold). This study indicates that local @entity561 treatment can increase early implant osseointegration and biomechanical fixation of implants inserted by use of bone compaction. Long term effects remain unknown.

title: Local XXXX increases fixation of implants inserted with bone compaction: 12-week @entity235 study.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

answer: @entity561 :: (MESH:D019386,Chemical) :: ['alendronate']


abstract: 771 cases of @entity13171 and 52 cases of @entity166 were collected over 3 months in a prospective study carried out in French hospitals. The mean age was 62.7 +/- 19.3 years for the @entity13171 @entity1 and 69.7 +/- 16 years for the @entity2688 @entity1 . Sex-ratios were respectively 0.92 and 2.7. The infection was mainly localized in the lower limbs in both categories (90.9 p. 100 and 71 p. 100); the upper limbs and the face were more often involved in @entity2688 than in @entity13171 (13 p. 100 versus 5.2 p. 100 and 10 p. 100 versus 2.5 p. 100). @entity3397 was the initial antimicrobial treatment in 45 p. 100 of the @entity13171 cases, whereas @entity115 - @entity798 was used in 32.7 p. 100 of the @entity2688 cases. Other antibiotics used were @entity30658 , antistaphylococcal @entity114 , and @entity115 . Combinations of antibiotics were used to treat 50 p. 100 of the @entity2688 cases but only 11 p. 100 of the @entity13171 cases. Anticoagulants were used in 67.4 p. 100 of the @entity13171 cases and in 59.7 p. 100 of the @entity2688 cases. Surgery was performed in 52 p. 100 of the @entity2688 cases, and hyperbaric @entity26 in 4.2 p. 100. The outcome was quite different for the 2 diseases: cure rate without complications reached 86.6 p. 100 for @entity13171 , and only 48.1 p. 100 for @entity2688 ; @entity204 rates reached respectively 0.77 p. 100 and 5.7 p. 100, median length of hospitalization 8 days and 21 days, and median length of antibiotic treatment 15 days and 21 days.

title: [A prospective study on @entity13171 and XXXX : how are they dealt within hospital?].

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity30658 :: ('MESH:D025762', 'Chemical') :: ['pristinamycin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity13171 :: ('MESH:D004886', 'Disease') :: ['erysipelas']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious cellulitis']


abstract: @entity451 is a potential complication of aortic cross-clamping. The occurrence of this devastating sequela has caused increased interest in the use of somatosensory evoked responses (SER) to monitor @entity2759 during aortic cross-clamping. This study was designed to examine changes in SERs during clamping and declamping of the @entity235 aorta after injection of @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity4490 (T), and @entity3931 (N). In the control group, cross-clamping the aorta produced an increase in latency and a decrease in amplitude of the SER starting at two minutes. Isoelectric SERs were obtained after 16 minutes of aortic cross-clamping, but recovered with cross-clamp removal. When the aorta was clamped for more than 16 minutes in the control group, the isoelectric SERs obtained were irreversible. After the injection of SOD and T, SER latencies and amplitudes changed to a smaller degree with aortic cross-clamping and did not become isoelectric even after 20 minutes of clamping. During aortic cross-clamp removal in the control group, SERs initially improved and then showed signs of reperfusion @entity63 , @entity2402 after eight minutes. There were no significant SER changes due to reperfusion when SOD or T or the combination was given prior to aortic cross-clamping. There was no difference in SER changes from the control group during aortic cross-clamping and after release of cross-clamping when N was given. @entity3931 did not alter SER changes from aortic cross-clamping alone. In summary, SOD and T, alone or in combination, protect the spinal cord against @entity63 during aortic cross-clamping and declamping.

title: Comparison of @entity224 dismutase, XXXX , and @entity3931 for maintenance of somatosensory evoked responses during aortic cross-clamping and declamping in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['which disappeared']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine', 'Nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopental']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['Paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity4490 :: (MESH:D013874,Chemical) :: ['thiopental']


abstract: In isolated segments of the @entity35 tail artery, the influence of narcotic analgesics, their antagonists, @entity6918 , @entity3175 , and @entity12029 on the vascular smooth muscle was investigated. The wall of this vessel consists of about 75 per cent smooth muscle fibres. For all agents studied, pressure-diameter relations were determined before and after a virtually maximum constriction which was induced with @entity1063 . The results were compared with those obtained under control conditions, i.e. prior to the addition of the drugs to the bath solution. Tested in pure Tyrode's solution, none of the agents produced a noticeable constriction or relaxation. Among the analgesics and their antagonists, @entity1286 was the most potent in inhibiting the @entity1063 -induced constriction of the vessel (mean increase in diameter 15%). @entity12586 and levallorphan were less effective (mean increase 8%), and the administration of @entity6882 and @entity1510 was followed by even less relaxation, resulting in mean diameter increases of 4%. @entity22730 and @entity3575 did not show any effect. Depending on the pressure level, @entity6918 caused the diameter to increase 2 to 10%. @entity12029 brought about a marked relaxation (mean increase in diameter 15%), @entity3175 , however, did not influence the vessel segments. The results obtained show that the haemodynamic effects of the drugs used in this study, in particular those on the peripheral resistance, may, at least partially, be due to their direct influences on the vascular smooth muscle. The real pharmacologic mechanisms by which these effects are initiated, in most cases still remain to be investigated.

title: [Influence of narcotic analgesics, @entity6918 , @entity3175 , and XXXX on the smooth muscles of small arteries (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity12586 :: ('MESH:D010423', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentazocine']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity12029 :: ('MESH:D005445', 'Chemical') :: ['Flunitrazepam', 'flunitrazepam']

entities_list: @entity6918 :: ('MESH:D004329', 'Chemical') :: ['droperidol']

entities_list: @entity22730 :: ('MESH:D010892', 'Chemical') :: ['Piritramide']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity12029 :: (MESH:D005445,Chemical) :: ['flunitrazepam']


abstract: @entity1 with a @entity5 considered to be at high risk for posttransplant relapse were enrolled in a study to compare the use of @entity205 (CSP) as a single agent with a combination of @entity1667 (MP) and CSP for @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis after marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling donor. Sixty @entity1 were randomized to receive CSP only and 62 were randomized to receive CSP plus MP. Daily CSP was started on day -1 (5 mg/kg/d intravenously) and administered at gradually reduced doses until day 180. MP was started on day 7 at 0.5 mg/kg/d, increased to 1.0 mg/kg/d on day 15, started on a taper schedule on day 29, and discontinued on day 72. All 104 evaluable @entity1 (surviving > or =28 days) had sustained engraftment. The incidence rates of grades II-IV acute @entity2132 were 73% and 60% for @entity1 receiving CSP and CSP plus MP, respectively (P = .01). No difference was seen for grades III-IV @entity2132 . However, chronic @entity2132 occurred somewhat more frequently in @entity1 receiving CSP plus MP (44%) than in @entity1 receiving only CSP (21%; P = .02). The incidence of de novo chronic @entity2132 was marginally higher in @entity1 receiving CSP plus MP (P = .08). No significant differences in the risk of @entity281 were observed. There was a suggestion that the risk of relapse was lower in @entity1 receiving CSP plus MP (P = .10) and, although the overall survival in the two groups was not different (P = .44), there was a slight advantage in favor of CSP plus MP-treated @entity1 for relapse-free survival (P = .07). These results suggest that prophylactic MP, when combined with CSP, has only limited efficacy in acute @entity2132 prevention and may increase the probability of chronic @entity2132 .

title: XXXX or @entity205 plus @entity1667 for prophylaxis of @entity2132 : a prospective, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lymphohematopoietic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity286 use is the most prominent cause of @entity5 . Little is known, however, about the influence of smoking on @entity5 . To evaluate this relation, a population-based case-control study was carried out in 12 areas of Italy. METHODS: Detailed interviews on @entity286 smoking habits were administered to 1450 @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), 365 @entity978 ( @entity978 ), 270 @entity1582 (LEU) @entity1 occurring from 1990 to 1993, and 1779 population controls. RESULTS: We found a slightly increased risk for @entity1893 in smokers (odds ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.4 for ever smokers), but a consistent positive association was shown only for follicular @entity1893 . In this subtype, a significant excess risk was observed for ever versus never smokers, after adjustment for gender, age, geographic residence, education, and respondent (OR = 1.8, 95%, CI 1.3-2.7), with a positive exposure-response gradient for smoking duration (p < 0.01). The risk for follicular @entity1893 was significantly elevated only among @entity1 , with ever smokers showing OR = 2.3 (CI 1.4-3.8), while for @entity1 we found OR = 1.3 (CI 0.69-2.3). No major differences were shown according to age. Female subjects also showed significant positive exposure-response trends for duration. CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking could be a risk factor for follicular @entity1893 among @entity1 . For @entity978 , MM, or LEU, no clear association was observed.

title: Smoking and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory cancers', 'hematolymphopoietic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma (MM), and 649 leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hematolymphopoietic malignancies']


abstract: Fifty (13 @entity1 and 37 @entity1 ) consecutive @entity1 , attending the Dermatology. Department of the General Hospital of Mexico, with mycologically proven @entity6313 of the finger and toenails were included in an open clinical trial. These @entity1 received a pulse regimen of @entity2059 (200 mg twice daily) given after meals during the first week of each month, for 3 consecutive months. After the last dose, the drug was discontinued, and @entity1 were followed-up for 9 months. Initially, the @entity1 underwent a clinical and fungal evaluation. The study included those with positive @entity4014 ( @entity3071 ) preparation and mycologic cultures, who had not been treated either with a systemic antifungal agent for a period of 3 months prior to the study or with a topical agent for a 1-month period prior to the study. Complete blood count and liver test functions that included transaminase, total @entity648 , alkaline phosphatase, and lactic dehydrogenase were carried out at the beginning of the study, after the first half of the study (second pulse), and 2 weeks after completion of treatment. Exclusion criteria were pregnant or lactating @entity1 , patients receiving antimycotic treatment during the 3 previous months or @entity1 under treatment for @entity356 . Three mycologic examinations were carried out: before starting treatment in order to identify the fungal species; after the third pulse; and 3, 6, and 9 months after the last drug administration. The effectiveness of the drug was evaluated based on Zaias' method to estimate the reduction of the affected area. A 400 mg/day dose of oral @entity2059 was administered in two takes: 200 mg after breakfast and 200 mg after dinner for 1 week (first pulse). The drug was discontinued for a 3-week period and this regimen was applied twice. This meant that only three treatment periods or pulses were carried out. Follow-up visits were scheduled at 6 months after completion of treatment for handnails and 9 months for toenails. At the end of the study, a correlation between clinical-mycologic outcome and liver function tests were carried out to assess the effectiveness and safety of the proposed treatment regimen.

title: XXXX in @entity6313 : intermittent dose schedule.

entities_list: @entity4014 :: ('MESH:C029943', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric hyperacidity']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity2059 :: (MESH:D017964,Chemical) :: ['Itraconazole']


abstract: Ganoderma atrum has attracted great attention for its antitumor activity. However, the mechanism remains unclear. A G. atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) showed pronounced antitumor activity in this study. PSG-1 did not kill CT26 cells directly, but inhibited the proliferation of CT26 cells via the activation of peritoneal macrophages (M  ). In vivo, PSG-1 significantly suppressed the @entity5 growth in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . The treatment caused a significant increase in the immune organ index and the phagocytosis of macrophages. The production of @entity637 , @entity635 and @entity842 also increased. Furthermore, we found that PSG-1 acted on Toll-like receptor ( @entity1990 , signaled through @entity1995 MAPK pathway, then activated NF-kB and stimulated @entity637 production. We further found that PSG-1 increased the expression of @entity1990 and NF-kB, the degradation of IkBa and the phosphorylation of @entity1995 . In summary, we have demonstrated that PSG-1 could activate macrophages via @entity1990 -dependent signaling pathways, improve immunity and inhibit @entity5 growth.

title: Immunomodulatory effect of Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide on XXXX -bearing @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'CT26 tumor']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['CT26 tumor']


abstract: Recent data show that @entity263 is not radioresistant. But not all @entity263 are radiosensitive. All information available in the literature on histologically proven local destruction of @entity263 tissue, all survival data and reported complications after radiation treatment are reviewed and discussed. The results of radical surgical treatment from various authors but mainly from the series of Belt and Schr  der are used for comparison. From these data it is evident that total prostatectomy of stage B and @entity5 is superior to radiation therapy as far as local eradication of @entity5 goes. Five- and ten-year actuarial survival rates are about identical for stage B disease but favor total prostatectomy in stage C @entity1 . @entity323 , the most important lasting complication of total prostatectomy, is present in 23-47% of @entity1 after radiotherapy. @entity322 is not known after irradiation but reported after surgery. Long term damage of the lower urinary tract, the gastrointestinal system, or the lymphatics was reported in 2-24% of @entity1 after radiotherapy. The indication for radiation treatment in stage D @entity1 is very questionable. Exact surgical staging by iliac and obturator lymphadenectomy is desirable to rule out stage D disease in locally confined @entity5 . Radiation treatment is indicated in @entity1 who are not willing to undergo surgery, who are unwilling to accept sexual @entity323 , or who are poor candidates for surgery from other reasons.

title: [The treatment of locally confined XXXX : radiotherapy versus total prostatectomy (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence', 'Sexual impotence']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'prostatic cancers', 'carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'C tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate chemical shift magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for differentiating @entity6732 of the thymus gland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this study; informed consent was obtained and @entity1 confidentiality was protected. The authors assessed 41 @entity1 (17 male, 24 female; age range, 16-78 years) in whom thymic lesions were seen at chest computed tomography. @entity1 were assigned to a @entity1373 group (n=23) (18 @entity1 with @entity5072 thymus associated with @entity2743 and five with @entity8792 ) and a @entity5 group (n=18) (seven @entity1 with @entity704 , four with @entity3 , five with @entity6732 , and two with @entity706 ). T2-weighted fast spin-echo and T1-weighted in-phase and opposed-phase MR images were obtained in all @entity1 and visually assessed. A chemical shift ratio (CSR), determined by comparing the signal intensity of the thymus gland with that of the paraspinal muscle, was calculated for quantitative analysis. Mean CSRs for the @entity1 groups and subgroups were analyzed by using Welch t and Newman-Keuls tests. P<.05 indicated a significant difference. RESULTS: The thymus gland had homogeneous signal intensity in all 23 @entity1 in the @entity1373 group and in 12 of the 18 @entity1 in the @entity5 group. The mean CSR (+/- standard deviation) was 0.614 +/- 0.130 in the @entity1373 group and 1.026 +/- 0.039 in the @entity5 group. Mean CSRs in the @entity1 with a @entity2743 , @entity8792 , @entity704 , @entity3 , @entity6732 , and @entity706 were 0.594 +/- 0.120, 0.688 +/- 0.154, 1.033 +/- 0.043, 1.036 +/- 0.040, 1.020 +/- 0.044, and 0.997 +/- 0.010, respectively. The difference in CSR between the @entity1373 and @entity5 groups was significant (P<.001). Mean CSRs in the @entity1373 subgroups were lower than those in the @entity5 subgroups (P<.001). All @entity1373 group @entity1 had an apparent decrease in thymus gland signal intensity at chemical shift MR imaging; no @entity5 group @entity1 had a decrease in thymus gland signal intensity. CONCLUSION: Chemical shift MR imaging can be used to differentiate @entity6732 .

title: XXXX : differentiation with chemical shift MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymomas', 'thymoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic thymus and Graves disease', 'Graves disease']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity8792 :: ('MESH:D013952', 'Disease') :: ['rebound thymic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic cancer', 'thymic hyperplasia from thymic tumors', 'thymic cancers', 'thymic hyperplasia from tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive thymomas', 'invasive thymoma']

answer: @entity6732 :: (MESH:D013953,Disease) :: ['Thymic hyperplasia and thymus gland tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the shortage of donor organs there is a long waiting time for heart transplantation. As a consequence, a high mortality rate on the waiting list diminishes the potential benefit of the procedure. Tailored medical therapy optimized according to the individual @entity1 demands was introduced to select responding HTx candidates for continued management without transplantation. The development of modes of @entity204 over time ( @entity712 , sudden arrhythmic) in this population is unknown. METHODS: In 434 elective candidates for heart transplantation, submitted to our institution in the years 1984-1997 (50% @entity453 , mean age 51.6 +/- 12 years, 86% males) medical therapy was adjusted according to the results of repeated right heart catherizations. Adjuncts to conventional therapy with ACE inhibitors, digitalis and diuretics were @entity2643 , beta-blockers, @entity1482 , oral anticogulants, @entity17728 or @entity3362 . Only @entity1 not responding to these measures were processed to HTx. Clinical events ( @entity204 , mode of @entity204 , HTx, resuscitation) were noted and analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and related to @entity1 characteristics by multivariance analysis. RESULTS: During the mean follow-up of 2.36 +/- 2.4 years only 113 @entity1 (25%) received a donor heart. One hundred-sixteen @entity1 (26%) died without transplantation. Eighty-three (72%) of the @entity204 were sudden, 24 (20%) due to progression of @entity712 and 9 (8%) due to other reasons. A shift from @entity712 to @entity944 was observed. Including 8 successful resuscitations due to documented VT/VF, there is a 20% risk of having a major arrhythmic event during the first two years of observation. Long-term (>1 year) medical responders had better hemodynamics at entry. @entity1 who died suddenly had similar clinical and hemodynamic data at entry than @entity1 who needed an early transplant, but were in a comparable NYHA stage before @entity204 than long-term medical responders (2.15 +/- 0.8 vs 1.82 +/- 0.6, NS). @entity1 dying suddenly had significant more ventricular premature beats (1.6 +/- 2.9%/24 hours vs 1.06 +/- 2.8%/24 hours, p < .01) and complex @entity943 (7.3 +/- 2.7/24 hours vs 1.98 +/- 5.6/24 hours, p < .01) than long-term responders. Seventy-five percent of all @entity944 occurred during the first 2 observation years. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity712 @entity204 in elective candidates for heart transplantation under optimized medical therapy is low when @entity1 are followed closely and transplant can be done rapidly after deterioration is recognized. @entity944 represents the highest risk for most @entity1 . This event occurred predominantly in stable @entity1 under tailored medical therapy without indication for HTx at that time. Our results strongly demand strategies for risk stratification and the investigation of prophylactic measures in this population.

title: XXXX and tailored medical therapy in elective candidates for heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity17728 :: ('MESH:D008981', 'Chemical') :: ['molsidomine']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['Sudden death']


abstract: The extent to which @entity1372 levels may be regulated by consumption was examined in two experiments that offered @entity35 foods varying in @entity2827 ( @entity1219 ) content. In the first, @entity35 received single purified diets containing from 0% to 3% @entity1219 . There were no effects of @entity1219 level on the amount or pattern of daily food intake; water intake, however, increased with salt content. In the second study, @entity35 had choices between a @entity1219 -free food and a food containing either 1, 2, or 3% @entity1219 for 1 week each. Total food intake was unaffected. Proportional intake of the salt-free option increased with the salt content of the alternate food, but not sufficiently to maintain a constant @entity1219 intake. After 8 weeks of exposure to a single food, intake of the salty option increased in the choice tests, but the level of @entity1219 (from 0.5 to 3.0%) in the exposure-phase food did not affect the subsequent choice. We conclude that when only one food is available, salt intake is governed by caloric requirements and @entity1372 levels are regulated by excretion. When foods differing in @entity1219 content are available, consumption does contribute to the regulation of @entity1372 balance, but the amount consumed is not tightly controlled. @entity35 ' salt preference appears to increase with age or with experience eating the purified foods offered here, but experience eating salty food does not affect the preferred level of salt.

title: Consumption of salty food by @entity35 : regulation of XXXX intake?

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate public perceptions towards the causes of @entity308 and @entity161 and identifications of factors resulting stigma towards mental ill. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the inhabitants of Pulau-Pinang, Malaysia in March, 2009. A 24-item questionnaire was used to obtain respondent views. A non-probability (i.e convenient sampling method) was used to approach the potential respondents. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 13   , non-parametric statistics (Chi-square) was applied to determine the association. Alpha value less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: One hundred respondents showed their willingness to participate in the study; overall response of the study was 40.0%. Majority 69% of the respondents were Malays, followed by Chinese and Indians. Public recognition toward @entity308 was higher than @entity161 . Lack of social support (X(2)= 4.832, P= 0.049), chemical imbalance in Brian (X(2)=6.132, P= 0.013*) and believes in supernatural factors (X(2)= 6.700, P= 0.050) were the commonly shared reasons for the @entity146 . Evaluation in terms of stigma revealed that majority 61 (55.0%). Individuals with @entity146 were not friendly (X(2)= 1.008, P= 0.050). Furthermore, one third of the population believe that they are moody, dangerous and unpredictable, it is better to avoid them. CONCLUSION: Overall findings revealed that Malaysians believe in supernatural reasons for the prevalence of @entity146 . Similarly the level of stigma towards mentally ill was higher among the respondents.

title: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Stigma and Public Perception about the Causes of XXXX and @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of @entity14680 (FF), a novel inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), and @entity16137 (VI), a long-acting b2 agonist, is under development as a once-daily treatment of @entity565 and @entity1030 . The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of FF/VI with @entity5023 (FP)/ @entity10453 ( @entity2697 ) in @entity1 with persistent @entity565 uncontrolled on a medium dose of ICS. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel group study, 806 @entity1 received FF/VI (100/25  g, n = 403) once daily in the evening delivered through ELLIPTA (GlaxoSmithKline) dry powder inhaler, or FP/ @entity2697 (250/50  g, n = 403) bid through DISKUS/ACCUHALER (GlaxoSmithKline). The primary efficacy measure was 0- to 24-h serial weighted mean (wm) FEV1 after 24 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Improvements from baseline in 0- to 24-h wmFEV1 were observed with both FF/VI (341 mL) and FP/ @entity2697 (377 mL); the adjusted mean treatment difference was not statistically significant (-37 mL; 95% CI, -88 to 15, P = 0.162). There were no differences between 0- to 4-h serial wmFEV1, trough FEV1, and @entity565 control and quality-of-life questionnaire scores. There was no difference in reported exacerbations between treatments. Both treatments were well tolerated, with no clinically relevant effect on urinary @entity701 excretion or vital signs and no treatment-related serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of once-daily FF/VI was similar to bid FP/ @entity2697 in improving lung function in @entity1 with persistent @entity565 . No safety issues were identified.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity14680 / @entity16137 compared with @entity5023 / XXXX combination in adult and adolescent @entity1 with persistent @entity565 : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16137 :: ('MESH:C550468', 'Chemical') :: ['vilanterol']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity14680 :: ('MESH:C523187', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone furoate']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity10453 :: (MESH:C057823,Chemical) :: ['salmeterol']


abstract: @entity1 lymphatic filariasis (LF) is mainly caused by filarial parasite @entity10065 and is the second leading cause of long term and permanent disability in tropical countries. To date, incapability to eliminate long lived adult parasites by current drugs remains the major challenge in the elimination of LF. Hence, in the current study, the efficacy of rhizome extracts of Curcuma zedoaria (a plant traditionally used in Sri Lanka in the management of LF) was evaluated as an effective filaricide in  vitro. Sequential solvent extracts of C.  zedoaria rhizomes were screened for in  vitro antifilarial activity at 0.01-1  mg/mL concentrations by motility inhibition assay and @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) reduction assay using @entity291 parasite @entity12929 as a model organism. Exposure of parasites to @entity4315 and @entity3636 extracts of C.  zedoaria caused a dose dependant reduction in motility and viability of microfilariae (IC50  =  72.42   g/mL for @entity4315 extract, 191.14   g/mL for @entity3636 extract) and adult parasites (IC50  =  77.07  g/mL for @entity4315 extract, 259.87   g/mL for @entity3636 extract). Both extracts were less toxic to @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells when compared to filariae. A dose dependant increase in caspase 3/CED 3 and a decrease in total protein content, cyclooxygenase (COX) and protein @entity4149 phosphatase (PTP) activities were observed in adult parasites treated with @entity4315 or @entity3636 extract. A significant degree of chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation were also observed in these worms by @entity5956 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining respectively. Dose dependant chromosomal DNA laddering was observed in treated adult worms but not in microfilariae in response to both extracts. Oxidative stress parameters such as reduction in @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) levels and increase in @entity2041 s transferase (GST), @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, increased reactive @entity26 levels (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were also observed indicating that an apoptotic event is induced by reactive @entity26 species.

title: Rhizome extracts of Curcuma zedoaria Rosc induce caspase dependant apoptosis via generation of reactive XXXX species in filarial parasite @entity12929 in  vitro.

entities_list: @entity12929 :: ('48799', 'Species') :: ['Setaria digitata']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4, 5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity10065 :: ('6293', 'Species') :: ['Wuchereria bancrofti']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stressful life events are associated with @entity158 severity and chronicity. However, the mechanism underlying this association remains disputed. Recent animal studies suggest that chronic stress increases @entity158 sensitivity and persistence by enhancing peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms. To test this hypothesis in @entity1 , the authors examined whether sensitization is enhanced in healthy @entity1 reporting more stressful life events using the topical @entity2951 test. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy young @entity1 reporting varying levels of stressful life events were invited for @entity158 testing. @entity2951 was applied topically to the volar forearm. Measurements included @entity2951 -induced spontaneous @entity158 and area of secondary @entity1931 in the region surrounding @entity2951 application. Physiological (heart rate and skin conductance) and self-reported affective (emotional valence and arousal) states were also measured. RESULTS: The results indicate that more stressful life events predicted a linear increase in the area of secondary @entity1931 (b   =   0.40, p = 0.023, R(2) = 0.16), but not the intensity of secondary @entity1931 nor @entity2951 -induced spontaneous @entity158 . These findings suggest that life stressors may be associated with heightened central sensitization manifested by an increased area of secondary @entity1931 . Additionally, life stressors were related to greater sympathetic cardiac, but not to affective responses to @entity2951 -induced @entity158 . CONCLUSION: This study shows that @entity1 reporting more stressful life events show a larger area of secondary mechanical @entity1931 . These preliminary findings suggest that life stressors may facilitate @entity158 processing by enhancing central sensitization.

title: Enhanced Area of Secondary XXXX in @entity1 with Multiple Stressful Life Events: A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'laboratory pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['Hyperalgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric @entity1 with a history of atrial surgery are at risk for the development of @entity1817 and @entity943 . However, there has been no comprehensive, long-term, electrophysiologic study of @entity1 who have undergone repair of @entity1700 . METHODS: We evaluated school-aged and adolescent survivors of isolated @entity1700 repair from January 1983 to December 1996 to assess for @entity1817 , @entity713 , and @entity943 . Assessment was limited to an electrocardiogram, 24-hour Holter monitor, and exercise stress test. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 were evaluated 11.2 +/- 3.6 years after their initial operative repair. The mean age at repair was 36.0 +/- 43.0 days. Electrophysiologic studies revealed evidence of @entity1817 , including sinus @entity1168 , sinus pauses, and chronotropic impairment, in most of the @entity1 . Twenty-nine percent of @entity1 showed chronotropic impairment on exercise testing. @entity713 occurred in 2 @entity1 . Single atrial and ventricular premature complexes were frequent, but complex @entity591 were less common. There was 1 @entity1 who had nonsustained @entity4710 and 2 @entity1 who had nonsustained @entity1165 . No statistically significant relationships were found between hypothesized variables and @entity943 outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Survivors of @entity1700 repair appear to have a high incidence of signs of @entity1817 and a low incidence of @entity713 in follow-up. Significant @entity943 appear to be uncommon. Despite a favorable overall long-term outcome, these @entity1 warrant ongoing clinical follow-up for @entity943 surveillance.

title: Long-term noninvasive XXXX assessment after @entity1700 repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['Atrioventricular conduction abnormalities', 'atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia', 'atrial and ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: Cell membranes of @entity706 cells (YAC, of strain A origin) were solubilized by @entity10385 . The antigenicity of the solubilized protein fraction was assayed by inhibition of the corresponding cytotoxic reaction against YAC target cells. The @entity1778 virus (MLV)-determined cell surface antigen (MCSA) was detected with mouse antisera, produced by the repeated inoculation of heavily irradiated YAC cells into syngeneic @entity19 . Virion proteins gp71, @entity8919 , @entity3722 , @entity15050 and @entity14819 were identified with @entity1237 or rabbit antisera against purified @entity1778 virus proteins. MCSA was found to bind to @entity8014 and was eluted by @entity40573 together with H-2A AND GP71. In contrast, @entity8919 , @entity15050 , @entity14819 and part of @entity3722 and @entity3722 (E), were not retained on the column and could be separated from MCSA. Passage of the glycoprotein fraction through Sephadex G-200 led to the separation of MCSA activity from gp71 and H-2A. MCSA eluted between the immunoglobulin (IgG) and the bovine serum albumin (BSA) size markers. MCSA could be also separated from the known viral proteins and from @entity8200 by velocity centrifugation in @entity969 gradients. It sedimented with approximately 6.6 S ahead of gp71 (4.4 S) and @entity8200 (3.2 S). It is suggested that MCSA may be a glycoprotein with an approximate molecular weight of 110,000 and distinct from the known viral proteins gp71, @entity8919 , @entity3722 (E), @entity15050 , @entity14819 and from @entity8200 .

title: XXXX virus-determined cell surface antigen (MCSA) from known virion proteins associated with the cell membrane.

entities_list: @entity40573 :: ('CHEBI:25169', 'Chemical') :: ['mannoside']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Moloney lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Moloney leukemia', 'Rauscher and Friend leukemia']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity8014 :: ('MESH:C028326', 'Chemical') :: ['Con-A--Sepharose']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Separation of the Moloney leukemia']


abstract: We tested whether daily exercise modulates immune and neuroimmune cytokines, hippocampus-dependent behavior and hippocampal neurogenesis in aging male F344 @entity35 (18mo upon arrival). Twelve weeks after conditioned running or control group assignment, the @entity35 were trained and tested in a rapid water maze followed by an inhibitory avoidance task. The @entity35 were @entity1603 -injected beginning 12days after behavioral testing and killed 3weeks later to quantify cytokines and neurogenesis. Daily exercise increased neurogenesis and improved immediate and 24h water maze @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ) scores and 24h inhibitory avoidance retention latencies. Daily exercise decreased cortical @entity6667 , hippocampal @entity3426 and serum @entity4647 , GRO-KC and leptin levels but increased hippocampal GRO-KC and @entity7270 concentrations. Serum leptin concentration correlated negatively with new neuron number and both @entity1650 scores while hippocampal @entity3426 concentration correlated negatively with memory scores in both tasks. Cortical @entity6667 , serum GRO-KC and serum @entity4647 levels correlated negatively with immediate @entity1650 score and we found novel positive correlations between hippocampal @entity7270 and GRO-KC levels and new neuron number. Pathway analyses revealed distinct serum, hippocampal and cortical compartment cytokine relationships. Our results suggest that daily exercise potentially improves cognition in aging @entity35 by modulating hippocampal neurogenesis and immune and neuroimmune cytokine signaling. Our correlational data begin to provide a framework for systematically manipulating these immune and neuroimmune signaling molecules to test their effects on cognition and neurogenesis across lifespan in future experiments.

title: Daily exercise improves memory, stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis and modulates immune and neuroimmune cytokines in aging XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['discrimination index', 'DI']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between left atrial (LA) function and exercise performance. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at a referral cardiopulmonary exercise laboratory in a university hospital. @entity1 : Forty-one @entity1 with recent @entity583 . INTERVENTIONS: M-mode echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing combined with radionuclide ventriculography. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Hemodynamic measurements were obtained at rest and peak exercise. LA fractional @entity3207 at rest was used as an index of global LA function. LA fractional @entity3207 had fair correlations with peak @entity26 consumption (r=0.67, p<0.01) and exercise duration (r=0.71, p<0.01). Although there were no significant relations between LA fractional @entity3207 and hemodynamic measurements at rest, LA fractional @entity3207 was positively related to peak cardiac output (r=0.61, p<0.01) and peak @entity64 volume (r=0.57, p<0.01), and negatively related to peak pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (r=-0.44, p<0.05). In addition, LA fractional @entity3207 correlated significantly with an increase in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume from rest to peak exercise (r=0.48, p<0.02), but did not correlate with the changes in ejection fraction and end-systolic volume during exercise. An increase in LV end-diastolic volume during exercise was significantly related to peak @entity26 consumption (r=0.46, p<0.02), peak cardiac output (r=0.60, p<0.01), and peak @entity64 volume (r=0.53, p<0.01), whereas the changes in ejection fraction and end-systolic volume during exercise were not related to these indexes. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise capacity and LV performance during exercise were mainly dependent on LV diastolic filling rather than systolic contraction during exercise. LA fractional @entity3207 at rest reflected LV diastolic filling during exercise and, therefore, predicted cardiac output and @entity64 volume responses to exercise and exercise capacity in @entity1 with recent @entity583 .

title: Left atrial function as a reliable predictor of exercise capacity in XXXX with recent @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity21584 ( @entity21584 ) is a syndrome of hyposensitivity to @entity1954 (T3) that displays autosomal dominant inheritance. The @entity74 commonly lies in the ligand-binding domain of one of the @entity11112 alleles. Since there are two major @entity1374 receptor (TR) isoforms, @entity22910 and @entity11112 , it is not known how the mutant receptor mediates a dominant negative effect. Previously, we showed that T3 caused dissociation of TR homodimers and @entity22910 / @entity11112 dimers from several @entity1374 response elements (TREs). Hence, we used the electrophoretic mobility shift assay to compare the effect of T3 on the DNA binding of mutant @entity27531 ) from a kindred with @entity21584 with normal @entity11112 . Mf-1 bound better as a homodimer than @entity11112 , but dissociated from DNA only at high T3 concentrations. Both receptors heterodimerized with nuclear auxiliary proteins. They also dimerized with @entity22910 and with each other. Surprisingly, T3 disrupted the DNA binding of the @entity27531 isoform dimers. Thus, mechanisms for the dominant negative effect by mutant TRs likely involve either increased binding to TREs by mutant homodimers that cannot bind T3 (hence cannot dissociate from DNA) and/or the formation of inactive mutant TR/nuclear protein heterodimers.

title: New insights on the mechanism(s) of the dominant negative effect of mutant @entity1374 receptor in generalized resistance to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21584 :: ('MESH:D018382', 'Disease') :: ['Generalized resistance to thyroid hormone', 'GRTH']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid hormone']


abstract: @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of certain forms of @entity5 , raising hopes for many @entity1 with otherwise unresponsive @entity5 . While these agents are generally well tolerated, clinical experience with them has highlighted their unexpected association with serious toxic effects on various organs such as the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, thyroid, skin, @entity1003 , gastrointestinal tract and nervous system. Many of these toxic effects result from downstream inhibition of @entity7 or epidermal growth factor signalling in cells of normal organs. Many of these undesirable effects such as @entity101 , @entity1375 , skin reactions and possibly @entity644 are on-target effects. Since @entity4149 kinases are widely distributed with specific functional roles in different organs, this association is not too surprising. Various studies suggest that the development of these on-target effects indicates clinically desirable and effective inhibition of the corresponding ligand-mediated receptor linked with oncogenesis. This is reflected as improved efficacy in the subgroup of @entity1 who develop these on-target adverse effects compared with those who do not. Inevitably, issues arise with respect to the regulatory assessment of efficacy and risk/benefit of the TKIs as well as the clinical approach to managing @entity1 who develop these effects. Routine subgroup analysis of efficacy data from clinical trials ( @entity1 with and without on-target @entity137 ) may enable more effective clinical use of TKIs since (i) discontinuing or reducing the dose of the TKI has a negative impact if the @entity5 is TKI-responsive; and (ii) it is usually possible to manage these undesirable on-target effects with conventional clinical approaches. Prospective studies are needed to investigate this proposition further.

title: @entity4149 kinase inhibitors: their on-target XXXX as potential indicators of efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity4149 :: ('D014443', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicities']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cognitive performance of @entity1 with @entity4303 ( @entity4303 ) compared with population norms and @entity5 @entity1 with non-neuroendocrine (non-NET) liver @entity3 . BACKGROUND: The release of @entity750 into the systemic circulation from metastatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) causes @entity4303 . Many @entity1 with @entity4303 followed in a multidisciplinary NET clinic seemed to exhibit a unique @entity73 . Because @entity750 is known to influence a range of cognitive function, the question arouse as to whether @entity73 is another manifestation of @entity4303 . METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from the multidisciplinary NET and the @entity5 clinics at the @entity5 center. The @entity4303 group consisted of @entity1 with proven SB NETs metastatic to liver; the @entity5 comparison group consisted of @entity1 with liver @entity3 from non-NET @entity5 . All completed a self-reported cognitive questionnaire and a battery of 6 standardized neurocognitive tests. Both groups were compared to age/sex/educational-matched norms. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity4303 and 20 with non-NET @entity3 were enrolled. @entity1 with @entity4303 reported greater @entity73 in all cognitive domains than both norms and the comparison @entity5 group. On cognitive testing, @entity1 with @entity4303 demonstrated @entity425 in initiation, processing speed, visual memory, cognitive efficiency, and delayed verbal recall compared with norms. Although the @entity1 with non-NET @entity5 also demonstrated some @entity73 compared with norms, the @entity1 with @entity4303 did significantly worse on delayed recall (P = 0.03) and marginally slower on speeded mental flexibility (P = 0.097) compared with @entity1 with non-NET @entity5 . CONCLUSION: This study confirmed our clinical observation that @entity1 with @entity4303 suffer from @entity73 that is different from the non-NET @entity5 group and population norms.

title: XXXX associated with @entity4303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'small bowel neuroendocrine tumors', 'hepatobilary cancer', 'SB NET']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid syndrome', 'CS']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairment']


abstract: A successful repair of @entity1700 with intact atrial septum is reported. A 7-year-old @entity1 was admitted for evaluation of cardiac murmur which was first noted at 3 months of age. She had been followed up on suspicion of @entity2438 , without any subjective symptoms. Physical examination on admission revealed a systolic ejection murmur at left sternal border. Chest X-ray showed mild @entity1283 and @entity358 . ECG showed @entity2270 and incomplete @entity714 . Selective pulmonary arteriography delineated anomalous return of all left pulmonary veins to RA via vertical vein, left brachiocephalic vein, and @entity6480 , and documented the absence of an @entity118 . Ratio of @entity358 was 2.2. Vertical vein was anastomosed to left @entity955 under cardiopulmonary bypass. Postoperative cardiac catheterization showed no difference of wedge pressure between bilateral PA. The @entity1 is up and well 1 years and 6 months after operation.

title: [Successful surgical treatment of XXXX with intact atrial septum--a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['total left anomalous pulmonary venous return']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary to systemic blood flow', 'increased pulmonary vascularity']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial appendage']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['right axis deviation']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['total left anomalous pulmonary venous return']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct an economic analysis on the use of @entity3003 versus @entity900 over multiple courses in @entity1 with lung [ @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and @entity151 ( @entity151 )] or @entity43 . DESIGN: This 1-year study was a prospective, multicentre, cost-minimisation evaluation. Direct medical resource utilisation and costs associated with @entity3003 and @entity900 administration over 3 to 6 courses of treatment were measured and compared. The perspective of this evaluation was that of the payer. SETTING: A convenience sample of 16 sites representing a mix of @entity5 centres, outpatient clinics, medical centres and managed-care sites in a general practice oncology setting participated. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were included in this study if they were newly diagnosed with @entity1149 , @entity151 or @entity43 , had not received prior chemotherapy, received either @entity3003 or @entity900 as their treatment (additional chemotherapy agents were allowed), and received at least 3 courses of @entity3003 or @entity900 therapy up to a maximum of 6 courses. @entity1 receiving more than 6 courses of therapy were included in this study, but data collection on those @entity1 stopped after the sixth course. Individuals involved with data collection at all sites were trained via on-site and/or teleconference training. Site visits were made to assure reliability of at least 0.80. Data were collected and compiled via a fax transmission process that scans directly through optical mark and character recognition into a computer database. Outcome measures included costs of: medications, emergency room visits, physician/clinic/laboratory visits, home healthcare visits, transfusions, special procedures, consultations, hospitalisations and other/miscellaneous costs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: Of 220 @entity1 , 164 met the study criteria (response rate = 74.2%) with 95 @entity1 in the @entity3003 group ( @entity1149 = 45, @entity151 = 18, ovarian = 32) and 69 in the @entity900 group ( @entity1149 = 36, @entity151 = 21, ovarian = 12). The average number of courses were: @entity1149 = 4.3 and 4.2, @entity151 = 4.3 and 4.8, and ovarian = 4.7 and 5.1, respectively, for @entity3003 and @entity900 . The total costs (treatment and @entity137 ) associated with the use of @entity3003 were higher in @entity1149 , similar in @entity151 but lower in @entity43 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that overall treatment costs may vary depending on @entity5 type, even when the same drugs are used. The total costs (treatment plus @entity137 costs) associated with the use of @entity3003 were higher than those of @entity900 in @entity1 with @entity1149 , similar in @entity151 , but lower in @entity43 .

title: Economic analysis of XXXX versus @entity900 in lung and @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To express and purify the recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 mature peptide (rhBMP-2m) in prokaryotic system and to develop highly-specific monoclonal antibodies. METHODS: An engineered @entity526 expressing rhBMP-2m was fermented. The bacterial cells were firstly lysed and then the rhBMP-2m inclusion bodies were isolated by centrifugation. After the inclusion bodies had been solubilized by high-concentration denaturing agents, denatured rhBMP-2m was purified by cation ion-exchange chromatography. Biologically active rhBMP-2m was obtained by refolding of purified denatured rhBMP-2m through direct dilution. The refolded rhBMP-2m was used to immunize Balb/c @entity19 to develop anti-rhBMP-2m monoclonal antibodies using classic hybridoma technique. RESULTS: rhBMP-2m with a purity greater than 95% was obtained on reduced SDS-PAGE. The refolded rhBMP-2m was measured to be bioactive by the induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in @entity19 cells. Two hybridoma cell lines that stably secreted anti-rhBMP-2m antibody were developed from the immunized @entity19 . CONCLUSION: Bioactive rhBMP-2m protein and its monoclonal antibodies were successfully prepared, which will provides a solid base for future studies on rhBMP-2.

title: [Prokaryotic expression of recombinant XXXX @entity1841 and preparation of monoclonal antibodies].

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['E. coli strain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Socio-demographic factors and area of residence might influence the development of esophageal and @entity356 . Large-scale population-based research can determine the role of such factors. METHODS: This population-based cohort study included all Swedish residents aged 30-84 years in 1990-2007. Educational level, marital status, place of birth, and place of residence were evaluated with regard to mortality from esophageal or @entity356 . Cox regression yielded hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for potential confounding. RESULTS: Among 84 920 565 @entity1 -years, 5125 and 12 230 @entity204 occurred from @entity418 and @entity356 , respectively. Higher educational level decreased the HR of @entity418 (HR=0.61, 95%CI 0.42-0.90 in @entity1 , HR=0.71, 95%CI 0.60-0.84 in @entity1 ) and @entity356 (HR=0.80, 95%CI 0.63-1.03 in @entity1 , HR=0.73, 95%CI 0.64-0.83 in @entity1 ). Being unmarried increased HR of @entity418 (HR=1.64, 95%CI 1.35-1.99 in @entity1 , HR=1.64, 95%CI 1.50-1.80 in @entity1 ), but not of @entity356 . Being born in low density populated areas increased HR of @entity356 (HR=1.23, 95%CI 1.10-1.38 in @entity1 , HR=1.37, 95%CI 1.25-1.50 in @entity1 ), while no strong association was found with @entity418 . Living in densely populated areas increased HR of @entity418 (HR=1.31, 95%CI 1.14-1.50 in @entity1 , HR=1.40, 95%CI 1.29-1.51 in @entity1 ), but not of @entity356 . CONCLUSION: These socio-demographic inequalities in @entity5 mortality warrant efforts to investigate possible preventable mechanisms and to promote and support healthier lifestyles among deprived groups.

title: Socio-demographic and geographical factors in esophageal and XXXX mortality in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Familiarity has been associated with integrity of the rhinal cortex. Thus, impairment in familiarity is expected in very early stages of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). The @entity2204 ( @entity2204 )   4 allele is a major risk factor for @entity195 . Here, we investigated the effect of the @entity2204 status on familiarity in cognitively normal aging individuals. METHODS: Eighty-one individuals aged between 55 and 80  years, 21 carriers and 60 noncarriers, were used in these analyses. A cognitive evaluation was performed on all @entity1 to document the absence of objective @entity73 . The effect of @entity2204 status on familiarity was tested using independent sample t test and an analysis of covariance controlling for age, gender, and education. RESULTS: The groups did not differ in term of age, education, and male/female ratio. @entity2204 carriers showed a significant reduction in familiarity. No other @entity73 was observed in the group of   4 carriers, relative to noncarriers. DISCUSSION: @entity2204 is associated with a reduction in familiarity in the absence of other @entity73 . These results suggest that performance in familiarity could represent an early cognitive marker for individuals at risk of @entity195 .

title: Selective familiarity deficits in otherwise cognitively intact aging individuals with genetic risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'APOE', 'APOE   4']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report @entity547 ( @entity547 ) incidence, abdominal wall (AW) discomfort and quality of life (QoL) 5 years after open abdomen treatment with vacuum-assisted wound closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction (VAWCM). METHODS: Five-year follow-up of @entity1 included in a prospective study 2006-2009. The protocol included physical examination, @entity1 interview, chart review, questionnaires on abdominal wall and stoma complaints and the SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS: Fifty-five (12 @entity1 , 43 @entity1 ; median age 70 years) of 111 included @entity1 were alive. Follow-up rate was 91 %. Cumulative @entity547 incidence during the whole study was 62 %. One-third of the IHs was repaired. At 5-year follow-up 59 % of IHs were clinically detectable. AW symptoms were equivalent in @entity1 with (15/23) and without (11/21) @entity547 (p = 0.541). SF-36 scores were lower than population mean for component scores and all subscales except bodily @entity158 . @entity1 with major co-morbidity had lower physical component score [31.6 (95 %, CI 25.6-37.4)] compared to those without [48.9 (95 %, CI 46.2-51.4)]. Major co-morbidity was not associated with @entity547 (p = 0.56), AW symptoms (p = 0.54) or stoma (p = 0.10). @entity1 with @entity547 or other AW symptoms had similar SF-36 results compared to those without, whereas @entity1 with a stoma had >5 point lower mean scores for general health, social function and physical component score compared to those without. CONCLUSIONS: VAWCM treatment results in high incidence of @entity547 . However, at five years, there was no detectable difference in abdominal wall complaints and QoL in @entity1 with @entity547 compared to those without. Lower QoL appeared mainly to be associated with the presence of major co-morbidity.

title: Quality of life and XXXX development 5 years after open abdomen treatment with vacuum-assisted wound closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['incisional hernia', 'IH']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: @entity75 ( @entity75 ) is of major importance in neonatal and paediatric intensive care with regard to mortality and long-term morbidity. Our aim was to analyse our data in full-term neonates and @entity1 with special regard to withdrawal of life support and bad outcome. @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity75 admitted to our unit from 1992-96 were analysed. Criteria for @entity75 were presence of a @entity519 insult followed by @entity772 with or without @entity410 . Severity of @entity75 was assessed in neonates using Sarnat stages, and in @entity1 the duration of @entity772 . In the majority of cases staging was completed with electrophysiological studies. Outcome was described using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Bad outcome was defined as @entity204 , permanent @entity47 or severe disability, good outcome as moderate disability or good recovery. RESULTS: In the neonatal group (n = 38) outcome was significantly associated with Sarnat stages, presence of @entity410 , severely abnormal EEG, @entity65 , and multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). A bad outcome was observed in 27 cases with 14 @entity204 and 13 survivors. Supportive treatment was withdrawn in 14 cases with 9 subsequent @entity204 . In the older age group (n = 45) outcome was related to persistent @entity772 of 24-48 h, severely abnormal EEG, @entity65 , @entity409 and MOD. A bad outcome was found in 36 cases with 33 @entity204 and 3 survivors. Supportive treatment was withdrawn in 15 instances, all followed by @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Overall, neonates and older @entity1 did not differ with regard to good or bad outcome. However, in the neonatal group there were significantly more survivors with bad outcome, either overall or after withdrawal of support. Possible explanations for this difference include variability of @entity519 insult, maturational and metabolic differences, and the more compliant neonatal skull, which prevents @entity3976 .

title: Survivors with bad outcome after @entity75 : full-term neonates compare unfavourably with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem herniation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['coma', 'coma or altered consciousness']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetative state']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: CONTEXT: - @entity10922 and @entity35372 immunomarkers have a crucial role in differentiating @entity2220 from @entity957 and in identifying a primary @entity2220 when working on a @entity5 of unknown origin. OBJECTIVES: -To investigate the diagnostic sensitivity of @entity41563 in situ hybridization (RNAscope) in the detection of expression of these biomarkers in @entity2220 and to compare RNAscope to immunohistochemical techniques. DESIGN: -Both RNAscope and the immunohistochemical assays for @entity10922 and @entity35372 were performed on tissue microarray sections containing 80 @entity2220 and 80 @entity957 . The RNAscope assay for both @entity10922 and @entity35372 was also performed on 220 @entity420 from various organs. RESULTS: -The RNAscope assay for @entity10922 gave positive results in 92.5% (74 of 80) of the @entity2220 ; in contrast, immunohistochemistry gave positive results in 82.5% (66 of 80) of those cases. The RNAscope assay for @entity35372 gave positive results in 90% (72 of 80) of @entity2220 ; immunohistochemistry results were positive in 77.5% (62 of 80) of those cases. @entity35372 expression was not seen in @entity957 by either method. In contrast, @entity10922 expression was seen in 3.8% (3 of 80) (1(+)) and 10% (8 of 80) (1(+)) of the @entity957 by immunochemistry and the RNAscope, respectively. All @entity420 results were negative for @entity10922 by the RNAscope assay. CONCLUSIONS: -Preliminary data suggest that RNAscope is superior to immunohistochemistry in detecting @entity10922 and @entity35372 expression in primary @entity2220 . Therefore, performing an RNAscope assay may be considered for both @entity10922 and @entity35372 (-) cases with a clinical suspicion of @entity2220 . The @entity10922 results should be interpreted with caution because a small percentage of @entity957 can be focally positive by either assay.

title: XXXX In Situ Hybridization Is a More Sensitive Method Than Immunohistochemistry in Detection of Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 and @entity35372 Expression in Lung @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas', 'lung squamous cell carcinoma', 'lung squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'nonpulmonary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity41563 :: ('D012313', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleic acid']

answer: @entity41563 :: (D012313,Chemical) :: ['Ribonucleic Acid']


abstract: Intravenous @entity6882 25mg has been employed effectively to treat shivering following regional anesthesia and general anesthesia. The study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of intramuscular @entity6882 for the prevention of shivering in spinal anesthesia. The series consisted of 60 @entity1 who were divided into 2 groups with 30 @entity1 in each, undergoing lower abdominal or lower extremity surgery. All @entity1 were given @entity3175 0.1mg/kg i.v. for anxiolysis when they came to the operating room. In a double blind and randomized fashion, @entity1 in the study ( @entity6882 ) group received @entity6882 25mg IM (= 0.5ml). In the control group 0.9% N/S 0.5ml IM was given instead. All @entity1 received spinal anesthesia 15 minutes later. Measurement of the levels of @entity13317 was made. The ambient temperature and the rectal temperature were continuously monitored to evaluate the effect of the change in body temperature on shivering during operation. The degree and the occurrence of shivering were carefully evaluated and recorded by a blind-trust observer. There was no significant difference in maximal analgesic level, ambient temperature and change of rectal temperature during operation between the groups. Shivering occurred in 17 @entity1 (56.7%) in the saline group with an onset time of 7.9 +/- 2.5min following spinal anesthesia. In the @entity6882 group, shivering occurred only in 3 @entity1 (10%) with an onset time of 54 +/- 29.5min after spinal anesthesia. There was a significantly lower incidence of shivering in the @entity6882 group than in the saline group (p < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Intramuscular XXXX for the prevention of shivering in spinal anesthesia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity13317 :: ('MESH:C580162', 'Disease') :: ['sensory loss to pinprick']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

answer: @entity6882 :: (MESH:D008614,Chemical) :: ['meperidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The exact role of lymphoscintigraphy (LS) in the evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in @entity320 is controversial. METHODS: We reviewed our experience with preoperative LS for the determination of the lymph node drainage pattern of clinically node negative primary @entity320 , with attention to the rate of ambiguous drainage and the effect of previous wide local excision (WLE). RESULTS: The scans of 87 @entity1 who underwent LS at our institution for evaluation of their primary @entity320 from 1995 to the present were reviewed. Fourteen of the primary @entity5 sites were in the head and neck region, 41 were truncal, and 32 were in the extremities. The average @entity5 thickness was 2.6 mm. Nine of 14 (64%) head/neck lesions and 12 of 41 (29%) @entity75 displayed ambiguous drainage, as compared with only 2 of 32 (6%) extremity lesions (P <0.05). Forty-one of the 87 @entity1 (47%) had undergone previous WLE of their @entity75 prior to their LS. The number of draining basins for the WLE and the non-WLE groups were not significantly different, and at least one @entity4298 was found for all WLE cases. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative LS is important for the treatment planning of @entity4298 biopsy for @entity135 , but adds little additional information for extremity lesions. Lymph node drainage scans and subsequent @entity4298 biopsies are not contraindicated in the presence of a prior WLE.

title: Usefulness of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for the identification of sentinel lymph nodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head/neck and truncal melanomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion', 'truncal lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The bacteriology of @entity4134 ( @entity4134 ) was studied in 20 @entity1 by simultaneous cul-de-sac, cervical, and blood cultures with aerobic and fastidious anaerobic techniques. Cul-de-sac cultures were positive in 18 of 20 @entity1 , while all 8 normal control subjects yielded negative results (p less than 0.0005, chi-square analysis). Anaerobic bacteria (predominatly Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus) were present in 10 @entity1 (59 per cent), and they were the exclusive isolates in 3 @entity1 . @entity6368 was isolated only once from the cul-de-sac despite its presence in cervical specimens. There was poor correlation between cul-de-sac and cervical cultures. Cervical cultures yielded a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with an average of 3.8 organisms per specimen. @entity6368 was isolated in 13 @entity1 (65 per cent). Only 19 per cent of cervical isolates were recovered by culdocentesis; similarly, only 31 per cent of cul-de-sac isolates were simultaneously isolated from the cervix. Blood cultures were uniformly negative. These data suggest that: (1) culdocentesis is a reliable technique for the bacteriologic diagnosis of acute @entity4134 , and (2) whereas the gonococcus may be important in initiating acute @entity4134 , its primary role appears to be paving the way for secondary invaders from the normal vaginal flora to gain access to the upper genital tract.

title: The bacteriology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'acute pelvic inflammatory disease']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['acute pelvic inflammatory disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Information concerning tracheostomy after operations for @entity299 has come primarily from single-center reports. We aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes associated with postoperative tracheostomy in a multi-institutional registry. METHODS: The Society of @entity299 (2000 to 2014) was queried for all index operations with the adverse event "postoperative tracheostomy" or " @entity1576 , requiring tracheostomy." @entity1 with preoperative tracheostomy or weighing less than 2.5 kg undergoing isolated closure of patent ductus arteriosus were excluded. Trends in tracheostomy incidence over time from January 2000 to June 2014 were analyzed with a Cochran-Armitage test. The @entity1 characteristics associated with operative mortality were analyzed for January 2010 to June 2014, including deaths occurring up to 6 months after transfer of @entity1 to long-term care facilities. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2014, the incidence of tracheostomy after operations for @entity299 increased from 0.11% in 2000 to a high of 0.76% in 2012 (p  < 0.0001). From 2010 to 2014, 648 @entity1 underwent tracheostomy. The median age at operation was 2.5 months (25th, 75th percentile: 0.4, 7). Prematurity (n  = 165, 26%), @entity74 (n  = 298, 46%), and preoperative mechanical ventilation (n  = 275, 43%) were common. Postoperative adverse events were also common, including @entity1167 (n  = 131, 20%), extracorporeal support (n  = 87, 13%), phrenic or @entity13587 (n  = 114, 18%), and @entity51 (n  = 51, 8%). The operative mortality was 25% (n  = 153). CONCLUSIONS: Tracheostomy as an adverse event of operations for @entity299 remains rare but has been increasingly used over the past 15 years. This trend and the considerable mortality risk among @entity1 requiring postoperative tracheostomy support the need for further research in this complex population.

title: Tracheostomy After Operations for @entity299 : An Analysis of the Society of XXXX Database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13587 :: ('MESH:D061224', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Database', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery']


abstract: @entity407 ( @entity407 ) is associated with @entity73 . Acute exercise reduces @entity407 in adults. This investigation examined the effect of an acute bout of exercise on postprandial changes in @entity1674 (TG), @entity413 , insulin, @entity32 [white blood cell count (WBC), @entity650 ( @entity650 ) @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, @entity1851 and endothelial activation [soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)] following a high-fat meal in adolescents. Ten normal weight (NW) (BMI, 20.9 +/- 1.7 kg m(-2); 15.6 +/- 0.7 years) and eight overweight (OW) (BMI, 28.3 +/- 3.6 kg m(-2); 15.9 +/- 0.4 years) adolescent @entity1 underwent two 6-h oral fat tolerance tests (OFTT) separated by 7-10 days. On the evening prior to each OFTT, subjects either rested or completed a treadmill exercise bout (65% V(O)(2max); 600 kcal expended). Exercise reduced (P < 0.01) the postprandial TG area under the curve by approximately 20% in the NW and OW groups. The postprandial @entity413 and insulin response did not differ between the control and exercise trials or between the NW and OW groups. Circulating leukocytes and plasma @entity650 levels increased (P < 0.01) in the NW and OW groups 6 h following the OFTT in both experimental conditions. There were no changes in CRP, sVCAM-1 or sICAM-1 following the OFTT and there were no differences between experimental condition or NW and OW groups. In conclusion, a moderate exercise bout prior to a high-fat meal effectively reduces postprandial TG concentrations to a similar degree in both NW and OW adolescents, but does not reduce the concomitant postprandial increase in WBC or @entity650 .

title: Effect of @entity407 and markers of XXXX and endothelial activation in normal weight and overweight adolescent @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['PPL', 'Postprandial lipemia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired endothelial function and inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein (CRP)]']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The efficacy of high-load, short-duration isometric contractions, delivered as one vs. two sessions per day, on blunting inactivity-induced adaptations in the @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ) were compared. Adult @entity35 were assigned to a control (Con) or spinal cord-isolated (SI) group where one limb was stimulated (SI-Stim) while the other served as a SI control (SI-C). One bout of stimulation (BION microstimulator) consisted of a 100-Hz, 1-s stimulus, delivered every 30 s for 5 min with a 5-min rest period. This bout was repeated six times consecutively (SI- @entity31525 ) or with a 9-h rest interval after the third bout (SI- @entity38452 ) for 30 consecutive days. @entity10036 weights (relative to body weight) were 63, 72, and 79% of Con in SI-C, SI- @entity31525 , and SI- @entity38452 , respectively. Mean fiber size was 56% smaller in SI-C than in Con, and it was 19 and 31% larger in SI- @entity31525 and SI- @entity38452 , respectively, compared with SI-C. Maximum tetanic tension was 42, 60, and 73% of Con in SI-C, SI- @entity31525 , and SI- @entity38452 , respectively. Specific tension was 77% of Con in SI-C, and at Con levels in both SI-Stim groups. SI increased the percent IIb myosin heavy chain composition (from 49 to 77%) and IIb+ fibers (from 63 to 79%): these adaptations were prevented by both Stim paradigms. These results demonstrate that 1) brief periods of high-load isometric contractions are effective in reducing inactivity-induced @entity194 , and phenotypic adaptations in a fast hindlimb extensor, and 2) the same amount of stimulation distributed in two compared with one session per day is more effective in ameliorating inactivity-related adaptations.

title: Electromechanical stimulation ameliorates inactivity-induced adaptations in the XXXX of adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'medial gastrocnemius']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy, functional deficits']

answer: @entity10036 :: (MESH:D020423,Disease) :: ['medial gastrocnemius']