abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To present the ophthalmological and electrophysiological characteristics of three darkly pigmented, female @entity1 with misrouting and @entity2070 . One of the @entity1 had primary @entity910 and situs inversus totalis ( @entity16179 ). METHODS: Fundus photographs were taken and the angles at which the main temporal arterial branches leave the optic nerve head (ONH) were analysed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed through the presumed foveal region. Pattern onset visually evoked potentials (VEPs) (check sizes 60', 40/400 ms) were recorded and the chiasmal coefficient was calculated to detect misrouting. RESULTS: Fundus photography showed normally pigmented fundi with absence of the usual foveal hyperpigmentation, foveal avascular zone, and macular and foveal reflexes. On OCT no foveal pit was found. The VEP recordings showed the largest positive CI component over the right hemisphere for the left eye, and over the left hemisphere for the right eye, with the CI almost absent over the ipsilateral hemispheres. The differential derivations showed opposite polarity for the recordings of the two eyes. The chiasmal coefficients of all three @entity1 were significantly indicative of misrouting (-0.99, -0.91, and -0.99, respectively). CONCLUSION: Based on the investigations in these @entity1 the authors propose the hypothesis that @entity2070 and misrouting exist as a distinct entity, and do not comprise the exclusive hallmark of @entity4068 . The findings suggest that misrouting may exert a retrograde influence on foveal development.

title: Chiasmal misrouting and XXXX without @entity4068 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['ciliary dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['foveal hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity16179 :: ('MESH:D007619', 'Disease') :: ['Kartagener syndrome']

answer: @entity2070 :: (MESH:C537858,Disease) :: ['foveal hypoplasia']


abstract: A case of @entity1151 due to parenteral nutrition catheter infection was reported. Characteristic radiologic features were recognized. A 50-year-old @entity1 , who was receiving parenteral nutrition after total gastrectomy, consulted our department with complaints of @entity221 . A chest radiograph showed scattered ill-defined small peripheral nodules, which were not present before parenteral nutrition, and these nodules were quickly formed cavities + in 2nd day. He was suffering from high fever, hemo-sputum and @entity1353 after removal of the parenteral nutrition catheter. @entity796 was isolated from the tip of parenteral nutrition catheter and sputum cultures. @entity1151 were diagnosed and antibiotic therapy was performed. @entity3555 and @entity2268 were ruled out. The multiple cavity nodules extended to involve the peripheral areas of the lung and invasive shadows appeared on the chest radiograph in 8th day. Then, the invasive shadows disappeared and the walls of the @entity75 became thinner. After 2 months, all @entity75 disappeared with only linear shadows remaining.

title: [ XXXX caused by parenteral nutrition catheter infection].

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cavitary lesions']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['septic thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['septic pulmonary emboli', 'Septic pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever and general malaise']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial endocarditis']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['Septic pulmonary emboli']


abstract: The @entity219 -dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key enzymes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling; they play critical roles under both physiological and pathological conditions. @entity1495 activity is linked to many pathological processes, including @entity309 , @entity731 , @entity2275 , @entity5 growth, and cancer @entity3 . Specific inhibition of @entity1495 activity may be a promising target for therapy for diseases characterized by @entity3144 . Potent @entity1495 inhibitors including an @entity104 scaffold were recently reported in an X-ray crystallographic study. Herein, we addressed whether @entity2493 , a secretory product of pineal gland, has an inhibitory effect on @entity1495 function. Gelatin zymographic analysis showed a significant reduction in pro- and active @entity1495 activity in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, a @entity1 @entity356 cell line ( @entity15206 ) exhibited a reduced (~50%) @entity1495 expression when incubated with @entity2493 , supporting an inhibitory effect of @entity2493 on @entity1495 . Atomic-level interaction between @entity2493 and @entity1495 was probed with computational chemistry tools. @entity2493 docked into the active site cleft of @entity1495 and interacted with key catalytic site residues including the three histidines that form the coordination complex with the catalytic @entity219 as well as @entity1521 421 and @entity493 191. We hypothesize that under physiological conditions, tight binding of @entity2493 in the active site might be involved in reducing the catalytic activity of @entity1495 . This finding could provide a novel approach to physical docking of biomolecules to the catalytic site of MMPs, which inhibits this protease, to arrest @entity1495 -mediated inflammatory signals.

title: XXXX inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity by binding to its active site.

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['dysregulated ECM turnover']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['Melatonin']


abstract: Eating attitudes are defined as beliefs, thoughts, feelings and behaviors towards food. @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ) is an @entity1277 , in which the eating attitudes are seriously disturbed. Studies that evaluated nutritional aspects of @entity1279 focus mainly on food intake, dietary restriction and @entity6426 , while the follow-up studies evaluate mainly clinical symptoms. The objective of this study was to evaluate eating attitudes of @entity1 with @entity1279 , during and after cognitive-behavioral intervention. Thirty nine (39) @entity1279 female @entity1 received cognitive behavioral treatment with a multidisciplinary team and had eating attitudes assessed by a questionnaire developed for this research. Frequencies of the attitudes assessed were compared at baseline, after 12 weeks and 24 weeks of treatment. After treatment, @entity1 had less distorted beliefs about food, less guilty after eating "forbidden" foods and they felt more tranquil while eating outside home. Other negative behaviors, as dietary restriction, the desire of not eat, being angry when feeling hungry and using the food to relive stress, persisted. Eating attitudes of @entity1 with @entity1279 are hard to be changed in a short-term. More attention to this disease's component and new approaches to treatment are needed in order to have a better recovery.

title: Changing attitudes, beliefs and feelings towards food in bulimic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['Bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanism of @entity9611 ( @entity9612 ) on @entity1 @entity463 cells in vitro. METHODS: The telomerase activity of @entity1 @entity463 TJ905 cells was determined by TRAP assay after 24 hrs' incubation with 50, 100, 200 micromol/L @entity9612 and control vehicle solution. Colony formation efficiencies of the cells were recorded. Cells of the 1st, 3rd and 6th generations were harvested, followed by evaluations of @entity7596 protein expression by Western blot, cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry, apoptotic level by single cell gel electrophoresis and proliferation index by Ki-67 immunocytochemical staining. RESULTS: @entity9612 inhibited telomerase activity of TJ905 cells. @entity7596 expression levels in the cells treated with 50 and 100 micromol/L @entity9612 were significantly lower than controls (P < 0.01), and down-regulation of the expression was in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Compared with controls, G(0)/G(1) phase cells were obviously decreased (P < 0.05 approximately 0.01) and S phase cells significantly increased (P < 0.05 approximately 0.01) after treatment with 50, 100 and 200 micromol/L @entity9612 . The cell numbers of G(0)/G(1) and S phases at the 1st generation of above three treated groups changed in a dose-dependent manner, whereas S phase cells increases in all @entity9612 treatment groups and G(0)/G(1) phase cell decrease in group treated with 50 micromol/L @entity9612 were also in a time-dependent manner. Both the apoptotic cells of the 1st and 6th generations of all @entity9612 treatment groups were significantly more than controls (P < 0.05 approximately 0.01), their numbers of the 6th generations of the three groups increased with @entity9612 concentration (P < 0.05 approximately 0.01), and all of them were more than the 1st and 3rd generations of the same dosage group (P < 0.05 approximately 0.01). Colony formation efficiencies and Ki-67 labeling indexes of the three @entity9612 treatment groups were distinctly lower than controls (P < 0.01), and they were also decreased with the elevation of @entity9612 concentration and/or the elongation of the incubating time. The difference of any above parameter had no significance among the 1st, 3rd and 6th generations of control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity9612 blocks S/G(2) conversion of TJ905 cells by inhibition of telomerase activity and @entity7596 expression, leading to an enhancement of apoptosis and suppression of cell proliferation.

title: [ @entity9611 inhibition of telomerase activity and proliferation of TJ905 @entity1 XXXX cells].

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['azidothymidine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is recommended for the evaluation of transient @entity63 attack. Perfusion imaging can increase the yield of MRI in transient @entity63 attack. We evaluated automated bolus perfusion (the time when the residue function reaches its maximum [TMax] and mean transit time [ @entity98 ]) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequences for the detection of @entity2806 in @entity1 with transient @entity63 attack. METHODS: We enrolled consecutive @entity1 evaluated for suspicion of acute transient @entity63 attack by multimodal MRI within 36 hours of symptom onset. Two independent raters assessed the presence and location of @entity2806 blinded to the clinical presentation. The prevalence of @entity2806 and the interrater agreement were 1,410 assessed. RESULTS: From January 2010 to 2011, 93 @entity1 were enrolled and 90 underwent perfusion imaging (69 bolus perfusion and 76 ASL). Overall, 25 of 93 @entity1 (27%) were @entity353 (15%) were perfusion-positive but DWI-negative (ASL n=9; TMax n=9; @entity98 n=2). @entity98 revealed an @entity2806 in fewer @entity1 than TMax (7 versus 20, P=0.004). Raters agreed on 89% of diffusion-weighted imaging cases, 89% of TMax, 87% o10f010 @entity98 , and 90% of ASL cases. The interrater agreement was good for DWI, TMax, and ASL (k=0.73, 0.72, and 0.74, respectively) and fair for @entity98 (k=0.43). Diffusion and/or perfusion were positive in 39 of 69 (57%) @entity1 with a discharge diagnosis of possible @entity63 event. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that in @entity1 referred for suspicion of transient @entity63 attack, automated TMax is more sensitive than @entity98 , and both ASL and TMax increase the yield of MRI for the detection of @entity2806 .

title: Automated perfusion imaging for the evaluation of transient XXXX attack.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['DWI-positive and 14']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion', 'ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pituitary suppression before induction of ovulation reduces the rate of @entity2208 in @entity1 with @entity2670 and primary recurrent @entity2208 . DESIGN: Closed, randomised, sequential trial. Pairs of @entity1 were allocated to each treatment by the toss of a coin. SETTING: Supraregional clinic for @entity1 who had had recurrent @entity2208 . SUBJECTS: Forty two @entity1 with @entity2670 and primary recurrent @entity2208 . INTERVENTIONS: Ovulation was induced by @entity4082 or pituitary suppression with @entity7458 followed by pure follicle stimulating hormone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preference for a particular treatment was noted. A preference occurred when one @entity1 in a pair had a successful pregnancy (defined as one of over 12 weeks' gestation) and one had a @entity2208 ; the preference was for the treatment resulting in the successful pregnancy. RESULTS: Spontaneous abortions occurred in 11 of 20 @entity1 given @entity4082 compared with two of 20 who had pituitary suppression. Eleven preferences were found for buserelin and two for @entity4082 . In seven pairs both @entity1 had successful pregnancies. One pair was discarded because one of the @entity1 did not become pregnant. The ratio of luteinising hormone concentration to follicular diameter was found to be a possible diagnostic indicator of @entity2208 . CONCLUSION: Pituitary suppression before induction of ovulation significantly reduces the risk of @entity2208 in @entity1 with @entity2670 and primary recurrent @entity2208 .

title: Recurrent XXXX and @entity2670 : comparison of two regimens to induce ovulation.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions', 'spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity7458 :: ('MESH:D002064', 'Chemical') :: ['buserelin']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian disease']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['spontaneous abortion']


abstract: The serum @entity165 value, @entity6741 pool size and kinetics as well as lipid composition of gallbladder bile have been studied in seven @entity6599 during nine pregnancies. During pregnancy, the per cent decrease in the average serum @entity165 value ranged from 25.6 to 74.4 per cent, mean 54.5 +/- 14.3 per cent, compared with that of antepartum averages. In seven of the nine pregnancies, @entity10140 pool size decreased in the range of 40.1 to 86.6 per cent. In two pregnancies, the pool size of this @entity6741 was essentially unchanged. Total @entity6741 pool size also decreased from a mean of 990 +/- 260 milligrams antepartum to 520 +/- 200 milligrams in the third trimester, p less than 0.01. With regard to the @entity165 , phospholipid and @entity6741 content of gallbladder bile, @entity165 value decreased from an antepartum mean of 19.1 +/- 3.9 to 14.1 +/- 4.5 micromoles per milliliter in the third trimester. As a consequence, the lithogenic index of gallbladder bile decreased during pregnancy. The changes in chenodeoxycholic and total @entity6741 pool size are qualitatively similar to those reported by other investigators following the administration of @entity172 to both @entity6599 and other animal species. In the pregnant @entity3474 , the decrease in pool size and in synthesis rate of @entity3645 is accompanied by a decrease in the @entity165 content of gallbladder bile. These changes in the lipid content of gallbladder bile are reflected in a decrease in the mean lithogenic index. These data suggest that the @entity3474 may be an inappropriate model for studies of the relationship of pregnancy to @entity165 @entity2963 in @entity1 . In the baboon, both serum and biliary @entity165 values decrease during pregnancy. In humans, serum @entity165 levels increase during pregnancy. If the content of biliary @entity165 is a reflection of the serum concentration of this lipid, as has been suggested in recent studies, @entity1 bile may be more lithogenic during pregnancy. Additional studies are necessary to define the role of gallbladder contractility and @entity1157 to @entity5990 formation during pregnancy.

title: Biliary lipid metabolism in the pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile stasis']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt', 'bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['baboon']


abstract: @entity6682 gene ( @entity6682 ) mutations and sensitization in @entity1 with @entity483 ( @entity483 ) have been well documented. However, whether an interaction exists between these mutations and specific sensitization in @entity483 @entity1 is still unknown. The aim of the study was to explore the interaction between @entity6682 mutations and specific sensitization in @entity483 @entity1 . A total of 249 @entity483 outpatients were recruited in the current study. Skin prick tests were conducted to assess the @entity1 's sensitization to specific allergens. @entity6682 mutations were analyzed through comprehensive sequencing. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the interactions between @entity6682 mutations and sensitization present. The mean age of the @entity1 was 3.5  years, and the mean age of onset of @entity483 was 9.6  months. The mean SCORAD of the @entity1 was 25.8. Fourteen types of mutations were identified in the @entity6682 of 64 @entity1 . A total of 24 (9.6  %) and 29 (11.6  %) cases were mutated with @entity34073 and K4671X, respectively. Sensitization to at least one type of allergen was detected in 118 @entity1 (47.4  %). Logistic regression analyses showed that @entity6682 mutations presented an interaction with sensitization to peanut and did not interact with the other detected allergens among @entity483 @entity1 . Sensitization to peanut allergens would have an interaction with the mutation of K4671X and the combined mutations in @entity6682 in @entity1 with @entity483 . However, sensitization to the other common allergens might not interact with @entity6682 mutations in the development of @entity483 .

title: Interactions between @entity6682 mutations and allergens in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity increases the risk of @entity712 ( @entity712 ), but a significant survival benefit in @entity28 @entity1 has been described once they have been diagnosed with @entity712 . There is little information about the effects of @entity353 among @entity1 with @entity712 . We aimed to assess the frequency of @entity353 in @entity1 with @entity712 from the RICA Registry and whether @entity353 is associated with mortality. METHODS: We investigated weight changes in 731 @entity1 with @entity712 and analysed the effect of @entity353 of 5% or more of their baseline bodyweight during follow-up. RESULTS: 419 (57.3%) @entity1 lost weight during follow-up but only 152 (20.8%) lost at least 5% of the baseline bodyweight. We did not find significant differences in demographic, clinical, functional and analytical parameters between @entity1 with and without @entity353 or 5% or more of their bodyweight. We observed a significant improvement in the mean NYHA functional class value and a non-significant improvement in the LVEF in all @entity1 . A significant decrease in the natriuretic peptide levels was only observed in the @entity1 who lost weight. Survival rates at 1year follow-up for @entity1 with and without @entity353 or 5% or more were 75.7% (95% CI: 67.1-84.3%) and 77.1% (95% CI: 72.8-81.4%), respectively (p=0.92). Re-admission rates for @entity1 with and without @entity353 were 52.7% (95% CI: 42.9-62.43%) and 50.0% (95% CI: 45.3-54.7%), respectively (p=0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Significant @entity353 occurred in 20.8% of @entity1 with @entity712 . Weight loss was not associated with mortality or readmission.

title: Impact of @entity353 on mortality in XXXX : findings from the RICA Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2523 is frequently identified to type by evaluation of fimA polymorphisms and less often by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) because of the technical intricacies of PFGE. To compare these techniques, we genotyped @entity2523 clinical isolates as to (i) their fimA type and (ii) their whole genome restriction profile (PFGE analysis). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity2523 strains were isolated from 16 unrelated @entity2521 @entity1 . Two strains were isolated from each @entity1 . Strains were subjected to a fimA-typing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Strains that could not be typed by PCR were submitted to sequencing of the entire fimA gene. The PFGE profiles of clinical strains were compared using bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS: Seven of the 32 isolates were not typeable by PCR and so their entire fimA gene was sequenced. The sequencing identified each strain as belonging to a single fimA type. In one case, sequencing of the fimA gene did not agree with the result obtained using fimA PCR typing. With the exception of one @entity1 , each @entity1 presented isolates bearing the same fimA type. However, in three @entity1 , isolates with the same fimA type presented different PFGE pulsotypes. CONCLUSION: The @entity2523 typing using fimA PCR has limitations in typeability and discriminatory power. A typing technique for @entity2523 that is easy to perform but that presents adequate typeability and discriminatory power is needed if we want to better understand the epidemiology of @entity2520 .

title: fimA genotypes and PFGE profile patterns in @entity2523 isolates from subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis', 'Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in the pathogenesis of several @entity5 ; however, there are no data on their expression patterns and possible roles in @entity16663 . Our objective was to study @entity16663 by an integrative bioinformatics analysis involving @entity11216 and transcriptomics profiling, pathway analysis, and a novel, tissue-specific @entity11216 target prediction approach. Thirty-six tissue samples including normal adrenocortical tissues, benign @entity652 , and @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ) were studied by simultaneous @entity11216 and mRNA profiling. A novel data-processing software was used to identify all predicted @entity11216 -mRNA interactions retrieved from PicTar, TargetScan, and miRBase. Tissue-specific target prediction was achieved by filtering out mRNAs with undetectable expression and searching for mRNA targets with inverse expression alterations as their regulatory miRs. Target sets and significant microarray data were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Six miRs with significantly different expression were found. @entity23697 and @entity26607 showed significantly higher, whereas @entity15625 and @entity15453 showed significantly lower expression in @entity12300 than in other groups. Expression of @entity10018 was significantly lower in @entity701 -secreting @entity652 than in @entity12300 . By calculating the difference between dCT( @entity15625 ) and dCT( @entity26607 ) (delta cycle threshold), @entity12300 could be distinguished from benign @entity652 with high sensitivity and specificity. Pathway analysis revealed the possible involvement of G2/M checkpoint damage in @entity1636 pathogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing @entity11216 expression patterns and pathway analysis in sporadic @entity16663 . @entity11216 biomarkers may be helpful for the diagnosis of @entity1636 . This tissue-specific target prediction approach may be used in other @entity5 too.

title: Integrative molecular bioinformatics study of human XXXX : microRNA, tissue-specific target prediction, and pathway analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical tumors']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'adrenocortical malignancy', 'adrenocortical carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity16663 :: (MESH:D000306,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) have an increased risk of @entity1489 . Treatment with @entity500 , commonly used in post-transplant immunosuppressive regimens, results in incorporation of @entity332 ( @entity333 ) into DNA. Mismatch repair (MMR)-defective cells are resistant to killing by @entity333 . @entity500 exposure confers a survival advantage on MMR-defective cells, which are hypermutable and may therefore contribute to @entity500 -related @entity1489 , a phenomenon we have previously demonstrated in transplant-associated @entity189 . The @entity4311 protein is an important component of DNA MMR. The -6 exon @entity32252 @entity4311 polymorphism is associated with impaired MMR, drug resistance and certain @entity5 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate (i) whether loss of MMR protein expression and microsatellite instability are over-represented in @entity957 ( @entity957 ) from OTRs on @entity500 compared with @entity957 from immunocompetent @entity1 , and (ii) whether the @entity4311 -6 exon 13 polymorphism is over-represented in OTRs with @entity1489 on @entity500 . METHODS: (i) Immunohistochemical staining was used to assess expression of the MMR proteins @entity4311 and @entity6756 in cutaneous @entity957 from OTRs on @entity500 and from immunocompetent @entity1 . (ii) Blood samples from OTRs on @entity500 with and without @entity1489 were genotyped for the -6 exon 13 @entity4311 polymorphism. RESULTS: (i) @entity4311 and @entity6756 protein expression was not altered in @entity957 from OTRs on @entity500 and there was no difference in expression between @entity957 from OTRs and immunocompetent @entity1 . (ii) There was no association between @entity4311 polymorphism genotype frequency and OTR @entity1489 status. CONCLUSIONS: Despite previous findings in transplant-associated @entity189 , defective MMR and the -6 exon 13 @entity4311 polymorphism are unlikely to play a significant role in the development of SCC in OTRs on @entity500 .

title: Expression of DNA mismatch repair proteins and XXXX polymorphisms in nonmelanoma @entity1489 of organ transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine', 'azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas', 'SCCs']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sebaceous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity332 :: ('MESH:D013866', 'Chemical') :: ['6-thioguanine']

answer: @entity4311 :: (4436,Gene) :: ['MSH2']


abstract: Oral contraceptives (OCs) are a highly effective and widely accepted means of avoiding pregnancy, but they also worsen the major atherogenic cardiovascular risk factors to some degree in all @entity1 . Some OC users may suffer severe @entity101 episodes or massive @entity2298 with @entity788 . Mild or severe adverse effects could eventually have serious consequences beyond the childbearing years. OC use would appear imprudent for @entity1 with a history of @entity101 , gestational @entity101 and a family history of @entity101 . Special care is needed with blacks, @entity6 and @entity1 with @entity8 . OCs may also affect @entity4461 , fibrinolysis and platelet adhesiveness. Also, histochemical and anatomical changes in blood vessels have been noted. Both may precipitate @entity1031 events while the OC user is still at the childbearing age and may also contribute to accelerated atherogenesis in subsequent years. There is a need for more specific guidelines for monitoring @entity1 on OCs for a worsening of their cardiovascular risk profile and changes in @entity1003 . Indications and contraindications for OC use in relation to the hazard of @entity1031 sequelae need to be more explicitly defined.

title: Oral contraceptive @entity101 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clotting']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: @entity8253 are used to treat childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ) but non-randomized studies suggest that @entity1370 may be a problem. Individual @entity1 data from trials in childhood @entity981 that randomized @entity8253 or methods of reducing @entity1370 were analysed by standard meta-analysis methods. Results were grouped and combined according to: addition of an @entity4349 to standard therapy, type of @entity4349 , mode of administration, and the use of a cardioprotectant. Data from 958 @entity1 in 4 trials, recruiting between 1972 and 1984, showed that addition of an @entity4349 reduced bone marrow relapse and, non-significantly, non-bone marrow relapse, resulting in an increased relapse-free interval. However there was a non-significant increase in induction failures, and in deaths in first remission. Event-free survival at 5 years was 56.7% with @entity4349 versus 52.8% without (Odds Ratio = 0.91; 95% Confidence Interval = 0.76-1.10; P = 0.3). There were no significant differences found in other treatment comparisons. The limited data from trials did not demonstrate differences in clinically evident @entity1370 . @entity8253 are effective against bone marrow relapse but have not been shown to significantly increase event free survival in childhood @entity981 . The evidence on type of @entity4349 , method of administration or use of cardioprotectant was insufficient to be able to rule out important differences.

title: Beneficial and harmful effects of XXXX in the treatment of childhood @entity981 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracyclines', 'anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity8253 :: (MESH:D018943,Chemical) :: ['anthracyclines']


abstract: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 152 @entity1 with @entity5 and paranasal sinuses who were treated with radical radiotherapy between 1975-1984. Stages at presentation were T1 11%, T2 18%, T3 27%, and T4 44%. The median follow-up was 61 months. The overall corrected 5-year survival was 47% and by T stage, T1 86%, T2 82%, T3 49%, T4 25%. Local control was achieved in 45% of cases following radiotherapy. Salvage surgery was attempted in 20 @entity1 where radiotherapy failed and was successful in eight. @entity66 was present in 6.5% of @entity1 at presentation and 10.5% developed @entity66 after treatment. @entity66 as sole relapse occurred in four @entity1 and was associated with prolonged survival following radical salvage treatment. Distant @entity3 occurred in 25 @entity1 and of these 17 (68%) also had locoregional failure. @entity7190 occurred in three cases, and a further three cases developed @entity1939 . We conclude that radical radiotherapy achieves results comparable to published data for combined surgery and radiotherapy with acceptable @entity137 .

title: XXXX and paranasal sinuses: an analysis of radical radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Nodal disease', 'nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the nasal cavity']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral blindness']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the nasal cavity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of mutant @entity817 are emerging as standard of care in @entity1 with @entity320 carrying relevant oncogenic mutations. Cutaneous reactions are frequent and significant. We conducted a systematic prospective dermatological review of all @entity1 enrolled at a single institution in the phase I/II clinical trial of the mutant @entity817 inhibitor @entity5458 ( @entity5458 ). OBJECTIVES: To identify the cutaneous manifestations of the @entity817 inhibitor @entity5458 ; to form diagnostic criteria to standardize the diagnosis of @entity75 ; and to bring awareness to the medical community of the importance of dermatological assessment of @entity1 taking @entity5458 . METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in the phase I/II trial (n = 43) were monitored for the development of new @entity272 . Each new lesion was photographed, a clinical diagnosis recorded and, where appropriate, a biopsy taken. @entity1082 ) and @entity986 immunohistochemistry analyses were performed. RESULTS: The most frequently observed lesions were @entity75 (49%), @entity12903 (27%) and reactive @entity75 on the soles, at points of friction (22%). @entity957 ( @entity957 ) occurred in 20% of @entity1 . Most @entity957 appeared between weeks 6 and 24 following commencement of therapy on both sun-damaged and nonsun-damaged skin. All @entity957 were well differentiated, five were of the keratoacanthoma type, and two were SCC in situ. Other lesions observed included @entity9284 , @entity4890 , @entity31351 , hair loss and changes in hair structure. HPV was negative in 15 of the 16 tissues studied and @entity986 expression was higher in @entity957 compared with verrucal keratoses. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of the mutant @entity817 inhibitor @entity5458 is associated with induction of keratinocytic proliferation, which in some cases develops features of low-grade @entity5 . Highly oncogenic @entity1083 is unlikely to be a contributor to the formation of @entity957 or verrucal keratoses.

title: Cutaneous manifestations of @entity5458 ( @entity5458 ): a selective inhibitor of mutant @entity817 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal cysts']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['verrucal keratotic squamoproliferative lesions', 'hyperkeratotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Eighteen squamous cell carcinomas', 'SCCs']

entities_list: @entity31351 :: ('MESH:D017486', 'Disease') :: ['acneiform eruptions']

entities_list: @entity12903 :: ('MESH:C537306', 'Disease') :: ["Grover's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity9284 :: ('MESH:D007642', 'Disease') :: ['seborrhoeic keratoses']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: Both @entity1205 and @entity2600 have shown strong radiosensitizing properties in vitro. Encouraging results have been reported by phase I/II studies on combined @entity1205 or @entity2600 with radiotherapy. In the present study we investigated the feasibility of double radiosensitization with weekly @entity1205 and @entity2600 in @entity135 . Twelve @entity1 with locally advanced squamous cell @entity135 were recruited in a phase I/II dose escalation protocol. Radiotherapy was given as a standard fractionation regimen (2 Gy/day, 5 fractions/week) to a total dose of 66-70 Gy. Three @entity1205 / @entity2600 dose levels were examined thus, 20/25 mg/m2 (level 1), 20/40 mg/m2 (level 2) and, 25/55 mg/m2 (level 3). Severe @entity1395 was observed in 1/4 @entity1 treated in the 2nd dose level and in all 4 @entity1 treated in the 3rd. The onset of severe @entity1395 was associated with the onset of severe grade 3/4 @entity33 during the 4th week of treatment. Radiation induced @entity33 was accompanied by @entity364 in all 5 @entity1 . The symptomatology persisted for 10-14 days. Mild grade 2 @entity33 was observed in 7/8 @entity1 treated at the 1st and 2nd dose level, which enforced treatment delay for 3-5 days. Neutrophil @entity137 was minimal. There was only one @entity1 treated at the 3rd dose level that presented with grade 2 @entity1398 . @entity137 was also minimal, showing a median drop of 1.2 gr/dL. There was no platelet @entity137 observed. Complete response was observed in 9/12 (75%) @entity1 and partial response was observed in 3/12 @entity1 . Of interest, the lowest CR rate was observed in the 3rd dose level (2/4; 50%), which may be a consequence of overall treatment time prolongation. It is concluded that @entity1205 and @entity2600 combination with radiotherapy is feasible and, a high CR rate can be expected. Combination of the regimen with cytoprotective agents warrant further investigation.

title: Combined @entity2600 , @entity1205 and conventionally fractionated radiotherapy in locally advanced XXXX . A phase I dose escalation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Hemoglobin toxicity', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: The interest of physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM) physicians in musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) is increasing. In this study, we aimed to explore the attitudes of a group of Italian physiatrists on this topic before and after a 2  -day MSUS course. A 15-question survey (designed ad-hoc for this study) was administered before the first session of an MSUS course held in the PRM Department of Tor Vergata University, Rome. At the end of the course, a repeat questionnaire with eight of the original 15 questions (on awareness) was administered. The survey contained multiple-choice and open-ended questions addressing three main aspects: personal background, MSUS experience, and awareness about MSUS. All of the course @entity1 (17 physiatrists) completed the precourse and postcourse questionnaires. Almost two-thirds of the @entity1 (11/17) reported that they had never received education on MSUS. Overall, the @entity1 rated MSUS as either 'essential' (8/16) or 'useful to some of my practice' (8/16). All of them stated at both times that physiatrists should perform MSUS themselves and that MSUS education is necessary for physiatrists. @entity1 ' awareness significantly increased on the indications for MSUS, the advantages and the structures that could be evaluated with it. We draw attention to the fact that PRM physicians are increasingly becoming aware of the need for MSUS in clinical practice. Unfortunately, the two barriers (i.e. lack of education and lack of device) against the use of MSUS by physiatrists still seem to exist. Finally, we acknowledge the paramount role of international collaborative efforts (e.g., @entity7634 -MUSCULUS) to speed up and standardize the education process and the clinical application of MSUS in our field.

title: Changing the awareness of physiatrists on musculoskeletal ultrasound: Italy in XXXX -MUSCULUS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

answer: @entity7634 :: (9319,Species) :: ['EURO']


abstract: AIM: Locoregional thrombolytic therapy has emerged in the last years as the treatment of choise for iliofemoral @entity1150 , preserving the structural and functional integrity of vein walls. We studied the efficacy and complication rates of direct regional thrombolytic therapy in @entity49 of lower extremities. METHODS: Between January 2002 and March 2007, 8 selected @entity1 with acute extensive and symptomatic @entity49 were treated with flow-direct regional thrombolytic therapy. We used a direct regional infusion of urokinase into the deep venous system ( 100.000 U al presentation, then 75.000 U/ h) from an ipsilateral dorsal foot vein . Simultaneously the superficial venous system was collapsed with elastic limb compression while administering subtherapeutic heparin doses of 300-400 U/h. All @entity1 underwent routine venous duplex imaging at day 1, 2, 30 and after 3, 6 and 12 months. Data including clinical conditions and laboratory values (fibrinogen, hematocrit, haemoglobin, platlets and prothrombin time) were obtained throughout the infusion time. Results. Procedural success was achieved in all @entity1 (100%). Complete recanalization, patency and continence of venous system documented at the echocolorDoppler control, were obtained in 48 hours, with symptom remission. Mean infusion time was 37.5 hours (28-48 hours). Neither major @entity548 complications nor @entity1151 occurred during the treatment. At day 30 venous patency and @entity322 and long-term symptom resolution were achieved in all @entity1 , as well as at 3, 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Loco-regional thrombolytic therapy is safe and effective in selected @entity1 and may become a well-founded alternative in the treatment of acute @entity1150 of lower extremities and in the prevenction of its complications .

title: XXXX : a mininvasive locoregional thrombolytic treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['iliofemoral or femoral-popliteal venous thrombosis', 'acute venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolisms']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['Deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: @entity393 is a common sensory deficit and more than 50% of affected individuals have a genetic etiology. The discovery of 40 genes and more than 100 loci involved in @entity393 has made genetic testing for some of these genes widely available. Genetic services for @entity2319 are also being sought more often due to the early identification of @entity393 through newborn screening services. The motivations for pursuing genetic testing, and how genetic services are provided to the client may differ among individuals. Additionally, information obtained through genetic testing can be perceived and used in different ways by parents of deaf @entity1 and deaf adults. This study aimed to follow up on focus group studies published earlier with a quantitative survey instrument and assess the preference of consumers for provision of genetic services. We conducted a national survey of hearing and deaf parents of @entity1 with @entity393 and of deaf adults. Data was compared and analyzed by hearing status of the @entity1 , their community affiliation and the genetic testing status using nominal logistic regression. Consistent with our focus group results, the survey @entity1 thought that a genetic counselor/geneticist would be the most appropriate professional to provide genetics services. Statistically significant differences were noted in the preferred choice of provider based on the genetic testing status. Parents preferred that genetic evaluation, including testing, occur either immediately at or a few months after the audiologic diagnosis of @entity393 . This data should help providers in clinical genetics keep @entity1 preferences at the helm and provide culturally competent services.

title: Provision of genetic services for XXXX : results from a national survey and comparison to insights obtained from previous focus group discussions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'Hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: Several studies have demonstrated that treatment with intracochlear @entity102 ( @entity102 ) protects @entity4494 cells (SGCs) from degeneration in deafened animals. Other studies could not confirm this effect of @entity102 . The present study examined whether @entity102 in a mode as presented in cochlear implant users (amplitude modulated, high pulse rate) affects survival, morphology and functionality of SGCs in deafened @entity840 . Eleven @entity840 were implanted in the right cochlea with an electrode array to monitor the electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (eABRs). The @entity840 were deafened four weeks later. Two days after deafening, monopolar @entity102 was started in five animals through three electrodes in the basal cochlear turn. @entity102 lasted 4 hours per day, five days per week, for six weeks. SGC packing densities, perikaryal area, cell circularity, amplitudes of suprathreshold eABRs and eABR thresholds were not affected by @entity102 . SGCs of all implanted cochleae were larger and more circular than SGCs in unimplanted cochleae, but this did not depend on @entity102 treatment. Interestingly, an increase in eABR latencies observed after deafening, occurred faster in @entity102 -treated than in untreated animals. In conclusion, amplitude-modulated @entity102 with a high pulse rate does not affect survival, morphology and functionality of @entity4494 cells with the exception of eABR latencies.

title: Chronic electrical stimulation does not prevent spiral ganglion cell degeneration in deafened XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CES', 'chronic electrical stimulation']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: @entity1199 is a major growth factor for activated T lymphocytes, and antibodies reacting with the Tac-chain component of the @entity1199 receptor can prevent allograft rejection in animals. Because Tac chains are expressed only on a small fraction of activated lymphocytes, monoclonal antibodies against the @entity1199 receptor may offer a more specific means of immunosuppression than polyclonal antilymphocyte globulin in prophylaxis against graft rejection. Therefore, we compared the immunosuppressive effect of 33B3.1, a rat monoclonal antibody against the @entity1 Tac chain, with the effect of a rabbit polyclonal antithymocyte globulin in a randomized study of 100 recipients of first renal transplants. Injections of 33B3.1 (10 mg per day) were tolerated well, whereas major side effects in 15 of 47 @entity1 (32 percent) receiving antithymocyte globulin required discontinuation of treatment before day 14. The incidence of rejection episodes was not statistically different in the two groups at days 14, 30, 60, and 90 after transplantation. @entity1 and graft survival was also equal in the two groups at one year (96 and 85 percent, respectively, in both groups), and graft function was similar. The total number of @entity166 episodes within the first three months was lower in the 33B3.1 group than in the antithymocyte group (47 vs. 72). The drop in peripheral-blood lymphocyte concentrations was significantly larger in the @entity1 treated with antithymocyte globulin. The level of circulating Tac-chain-bearing lymphocytes remained below 1 percent during 33B3.1 treatment, as compared with 4 to 5 percent during antithymocyte-globulin treatment (P not significant). We conclude that 33B3.1 is as effective as antithymocyte globulin in the prevention of renal-transplant rejection, and its use results in fewer @entity281 and side effects.

title: Randomized controlled trial of a monoclonal antibody against the XXXX receptor (33B3.1) as compared with rabbit antithymocyte globulin for prophylaxis against rejection of renal allografts.

entities_list: @entity1199 :: ('3558', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-2']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: Ten @entity1 with large inoperable @entity765 in various body locations were treated with @entity28657 . Four @entity5 (40%) responded with major regressions, i.e., more than 50% reduction in volume. Eight @entity1 received nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs ( @entity3352 , @entity10521 , or @entity10521 with @entity1229 and @entity17105 [Mephyton]) for periods of 2 to 91 months. There was one major regression, one partial regression, and three instances of @entity5 growth arrest over periods up to 8 years. Seven @entity1 were treated with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs concurrent with or after @entity28657 or @entity440 . There were five major regressions and one partial regression with extensive central necrosis of an @entity5 . The last @entity1 has been treated for only 12 months, with no change in @entity5 volume. It appears that @entity172 function as growth factors for @entity765 , and that minimization of these effects inhibits @entity5 growth in some, but not all, cases. In those instances where antiestrogens were not effective as single agents, the @entity5 usually responded to subsequent nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Withdrawal of @entity172 may be followed by inhibition of transcription of genes that support @entity5 cell proliferation, and @entity10521 and @entity3352 may augment these effects by inhibiting prostaglandin and @entity1919 synthesis and the activity of protein kinase C. @entity1229 may function as a protonophore to acidify the cytoplasm and prevent the alkalinization that is necessary to initiate DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression, again an impairment of the transcription process.

title: @entity28657 , @entity10521 , @entity1229 , and @entity17105 for unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity28657 :: ('MESH:D013738', 'Chemical') :: ['testolactone']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'enormous intra-abdominal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['desmoid tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the association of rising type 2 @entity6 prevalence with socio-economic inequality in @entity6 . METHODS: Data from the Health Survey for England were analysed for 1994, 1998, 2003 and 2006. This is a nationally representative annual survey of private households. Data for 41,643 individuals aged >= 35 years were included. The prevalence of self-reported @entity6 diagnosed by a doctor was analysed in relation to household income, occupational social class and educational qualifications. Data were standardized for age using the European Standard Population for reference. RESULTS: Prevalence of diagnosed @entity6 increased in @entity1 from 3.74% in 1994 to 7.25% in 2006, and in @entity1 from 2.28% to 4.88%. In 1994, there were no associations between social class or educational level and @entity6 prevalence evident. In 2006, there was evidence of a negative association in @entity1 [prevalence ratio for social class (IV + V vs. I) = 4.54, P-value for trend = 0.005; prevalence ratio for educational level ('none' vs. 'A-levels') = 1.96, P-value for trend = 0.001]. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) for social class in @entity1 increased from -1.65 in 1994 to -4.95 [95% Confidence Interval (95% CI -8.52 to -1.38)] in 2006 and for level of education from -1.39 to -6.48 (95% CI -9.03 to -3.93). In @entity1 , @entity6 prevalence was not associated with social class or level of education. CONCLUSION: Increasing prevalence of type 2 @entity6 has been associated with an increase of socio-economic inequality in @entity1 . There was no socio-economic gradient observed in @entity1 .

title: Increasing socio-economic inequality in type 2 XXXX prevalence--repeated cross-sectional surveys in England 1994-2006.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The potentials and limitations of negative-selection systems based on the @entity1 herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase type-1 (HSVtk) gene, which causes sensitivity to the @entity2353 analog @entity4540 , were examined in @entity286 as a model system. There were great differences between individual HSVtk(+) transgenic plants in @entity4540 sensitivity. Inhibition of growth while under selection correlated with HSVtk-tianscnpt levels. Negative selection against HSVtk(+) transformants at the level of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using a ganciclo-vir/ @entity7913 double-selection medium (the positive selection marker @entity5154 phosphotransferase-II gene was in the transformation vector) resulted in a three- to six-fold reduction in the frequency of @entity7913 -resistant shoots. The efficiency of negative selection in this case was limited due to the great variation in HSVtk expression, i.e., the frequently occurring transformants with low, or no, @entity4540 sensitivity escaping negative selection. Two independently constructed HSVtk genes showed the same variability of the phenotype in @entity286 transformants. Distinct phenotypes, ranging from no regeneration through abnormal or delayed regeneration, were observed when leaf segments were placed on shoot-inducing medium supplemented with 10(-6)-10(-3) M @entity4540 . The highest HSVtk mRNA and @entity4540 sensitivity levels were observed in plants which were transformed with the pSLJ882 chimeric construct. The pSLJ882 plant expression vector carried the coding sequence of HSVtk, whereas plasmid pCX305.1 carried an HSVtk construct retaining the untranslated 5 leader and viral 3 regions. The pCX305.1 transformants showed, at most, a delayed formation of shoots with thin stems and very narrow leaves. @entity4540 sensitivity showed typical Mendelian segregation. A gene-dosage effect was also seen at the seedling level in the progeny of two transgenic lines.

title: Variable expression of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene in XXXX affects negative selection.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tabacum', 'tobacco']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir', 'Ganciclovir']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Nicotiana tabacum']


abstract: Mast cell (MC) accumulation has been demonstrated in the lungs of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) @entity1 . Mediators released from MCs may regulate tissue remodeling processes, thereby contributing to @entity2416 pathogenesis. We investigated the role of MC-fibroblast interaction in the progression of @entity82 . Increased numbers of activated MCs, in close proximity to fibroblast foci and alveolar type II cells, were observed in @entity2416 lungs. Correspondingly elevated tryptase levels were detected in @entity2416 lung tissue samples. Coculture of @entity1 lung MCs with @entity1 lung fibroblasts (HLFs) induced MC activation, as evinced by tryptase release, and stimulated @entity15263 proliferation; @entity2416 HLFs exhibited a significantly higher growth rate, compared with control. Tryptase stimulated @entity15263 growth in a @entity30177 / @entity10185 / @entity10242 / @entity10368 /42-dependent manner and potentiated extracellular matrix production, but independent of @entity10185 , @entity10242 , and @entity10368 /42 activities. Proproliferative properties of tryptase were attenuated by knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of @entity30177 , @entity10185 , @entity10242 , or @entity10368 /42. Expression of transmembrane @entity6826 , but not soluble @entity6826 , was elevated in @entity2416 lung tissue and in fibroblasts isolated from @entity2416 lungs. Coculture of @entity2416 HLFs with MCs enhanced MC survival and proliferation. These effects were cell-contact dependent and could be inhibited by application of anti- @entity6826 antibody or CD117 inhibitor. Thus, fibroblasts and MCs appear to work in concert to perpetuate fibrotic processes and so contribute to @entity82 progression.

title: Mast cells and fibroblasts work in concert to aggravate pulmonary fibrosis: role of transmembrane XXXX and the @entity30177 / @entity10185 / @entity10242 / @entity10368 /42 signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

answer: @entity6826 :: (4254,Gene) :: ['SCF']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define by MRI the local extension patterns in @entity1 presenting with @entity189 ( @entity189 ) and to improve clinical target volume delineation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Consecutive @entity1 (N = 943) with newly diagnosed and untreated @entity189 were included in this study. All @entity1 underwent MRI of the nasopharynx and neck, which was reviewed by two radiologists. RESULTS: According to the incidence rates of @entity5 invasion, the anatomic sites surrounding the nasopharynx were initially classified into three risk grades: high risk (> or = 35%), medium risk (> or = 5-35%), and low risk (< 5%). Incidence rates of @entity5 invasion into anatomic sites at medium risk were increased, reaching 55.2%, when adjacent high-risk anatomic sites were involved. However, the rates were substantially lower, mostly < 10%, when adjacent high-risk sites were not involved. The incidence rates of concurrent @entity5 invasion into bilateral sites were < 10%, except in the case of prevertebral muscle involvement (13.1%). Among the 178 incidences of cavernous sinus invasion, there were often two or more simultaneous infiltration routes (60.6%); when only one route was involved, the foramen ovale was the most common (26.4%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 presenting with @entity189 , @entity66 spreads stepwise from proximal sites to more distal sites. @entity5 extend quickly through privileged pathways such as neural foramina. The anatomic sites surrounding the nasopharynx are at low risk of concurrent @entity5 invasion. Selective radiotherapy of the @entity66 in @entity189 may be feasible.

title: Extension of XXXX in @entity189 detected by magnetic resonance imaging: improvement of clinical target volume delineation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'bilateral tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['local disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This series consists of a 12-year experience with a policy of identifying and replacing the aortic segment containing the primary intimal tear for repair of @entity697 . METHODS: @entity1 with type A dissection underwent urgent surgery. @entity1 with type B dissection were referred for surgery based on selective criteria, including @entity384 greater than 5 cm. A classification system for acute dissection is described that specifies the site of intimal tear while retaining the clinical relevance of the Stanford system. RESULTS: Of 168 acute dissections, 139 were type A and 29 were type B. The site of intimal tear was as follows: ascending aorta, 83 cases; arch, 32 cases; descending aorta, 29 cases; multiple tears, 11 cases (10 included arch tears); no tear ( @entity1410 ), 6 cases; not noted, 7 cases. Only 60% of acute type A dissections arose from solitary intimal tears in the ascending aorta, whereas 30% had arch tears. Hospital mortality for type A dissection was 13.7% (18.8% for arch tears, NS) and 0% for type B. False lumen patency was 57.1% for type A dissection and 18.8% for type B dissection (p = 0.002), yet survival was similar for these groups. Ten-year survival for type A dissection with arch tear (0.51 +/- 0.12) was lower than 10-year survival for type A dissection with ascending tear (0.74 +/- 0.05; p = 0.77), and significantly lower than for type A dissection with descending tear (0.88 +/- 0.12; p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: Systematic resection of the primary tear yielded similar hospital mortality, 5-year survival, and aorta-related event-free survival rates for subtypes of acute type A dissection. Excellent results were obtained with a selective approach to type B dissection.

title: Subtypes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['intramural hematoma']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute aortic dissection']


abstract: 1. The metabolism of the radiosensitizing @entity13682 , @entity8712 , has been investigated in @entity19 , @entity35 , @entity6599 , @entity1 volunteers, and in @entity1 receiving radiotherapy for advanced @entity5 . Plasma levels of unchanged drug and its desmethylated metabolite have been measured, and in @entity1 there is good correlation of peak plasma concn. with drug dose. All drug-related material in plasma was accounted for as unchanged @entity8712 or its desmethylated metabolite, both compounds being radiosensitizers in vitro. 3. Extensive faecal excretion of material not containing any @entity6836 group occurred in @entity19 , @entity35 , and @entity6599 dosed with radiolabelled drug. 4. @entity8 is the preferred route of elimination in @entity1 , @entity3474 and @entity19 . @entity9110 metabolites accounting for over half the urinary excretion in all species were identified. 5. The compound penetrates solid @entity19 @entity5 in concentrations sufficient to achieve radiosensitization.

title: Pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal excretion']

entities_list: @entity8712 :: ('MESH:D008920', 'Chemical') :: ['misonidazole']

entities_list: @entity9110 :: ('CHEBI:67135', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroimidazole']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignant disease. 2']

entities_list: @entity13682 :: ('MESH:C006667', 'Chemical') :: ['2-nitroimidazole']

answer: @entity8712 :: (MESH:D008920,Chemical) :: ['misonidazole']


abstract: PROBLEM: Virtually all @entity1 who have cervical @entity5 are infected with the @entity1082 ). Of the 275,000 @entity1 who die from cervical @entity5 every year, 88% live in developing countries. Two vaccines against the HPV have been approved. However, vaccine implementation in low-income countries tends to lag behind implementation in high-income countries by 15 to 20 years. APPROACH: In 2011, Rwanda's Ministry of Health partnered with Merck to offer the Gardasil HPV vaccine to all @entity1 of appropriate age. The Ministry formed a "public-private community partnership" to ensure effective and equitable delivery. LOCAL SETTING: Thanks to a strong national focus on health systems strengthening, more than 90% of all Rwandan @entity1 aged 12-23 months receive all basic immunizations recommended by the World Health Organization. RELEVANT CHANGES: In 2011, Rwanda's HPV vaccination programme achieved 93.23% coverage after the first three-dose course of vaccination among @entity1 in grade six. This was made possible through school-based vaccination and community involvement in identifying @entity1 absent from or not enrolled in school. A nationwide sensitization campaign preceded delivery of the first dose. LESSONS LEARNT: Through a series of innovative partnerships, Rwanda reduced the historical two-decade gap in vaccine introduction between high- and low-income countries to just five years. High coverage rates were achieved due to a delivery strategy that built on Rwanda's strong vaccination system and @entity1 resources framework. Following the GAVI Alliance's decision to begin financing HPV vaccination, Rwanda's example should motivate other countries to explore universal HPV vaccine coverage, although implementation must be tailored to the local context.

title: Achieving high coverage in Rwanda's national XXXX vaccination programme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'infants', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the significance of vision-specific quality of life (QOL) in @entity726 @entity1 based on the location of @entity227 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We examined 336 eyes of 168 @entity1 . The 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire was used to evaluate @entity1 ' QOL. Visual field testing was performed using the Humphrey Field Analyzer; the visual field was divided into 10 clusters. We defined the eye with better mean deviation as the @entity735 . A single linear regression analysis was applied to assess the significance of the relationship between QOL and the clustered visual field. RESULTS: The strongest correlation was observed in the lower paracentral @entity2194 . The lower peripheral @entity2194 also showed a good correlation. Correlation coefficients in the better eye were generally higher than those in the worse eye. For driving, the upper temporal @entity2194 was the most strongly correlated (r=0.509). For role limitation and peripheral vision, the lower peripheral @entity2194 had the highest correlation coefficients at 0.459 and 0.425, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, clusters in the lower hemifield in the better eye were more strongly correlated with QOL than those in the worse eye. In particular, the lower paracentral @entity2194 was correlated most strongly of all. Driving, however, strongly correlated with the upper hemifield in the better eye.

title: Assessment of the vision-specific quality of life using clustered visual field in @entity726 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['visual field in the better eye']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['better eye and the fellow eye as the worse eye']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy surrounds the role of fetal cardiotocography (CTG) in the antenatal management of pregnancy complicated with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). AIM: The aim was to investigate whether antenatal CTG aids management in pregnancy complicated by @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective audit of 1404 consecutive antenatal CTG in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6 . Outcomes for all CTG were audited to determine whether CTG altered pregnancy management. RESULTS: In @entity1 requiring combination therapy (diet and medication), 43 CTG were required to change management of a pregnancy. In @entity1 managed by diet alone with a secondary pregnancy complication, 161 CTG were required to change management. In @entity1 managed by diet alone with no secondary pregnancy complication, CTG did not change management. CONCLUSIONS: Antenatal CTG is not recommended in @entity1 with @entity6 managed by diet alone with no secondary pregnancy complication. Antenatal CTG is recommended in @entity1 with @entity6 who require combination therapy (diet and medication). The role of CTG in @entity1 managed by diet alone with a secondary pregnancy complication should be based upon the nature of the complication.

title: Does cardiotocography have a role in the antenatal management of pregnancy complicated by XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'GDM']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively assess the effect of @entity28 on image quality, as determined from dictated radiology reports filed between 1989 and 2003. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study; informed consent was not required. Electronic records were searched for radiology reports with the phrase "limited due to body habitus" (hereafter, "habitus limited") filed between 1989 and 2003; reports were retrospectively reviewed. Habitus limited was qualified as the search phrase by auditing radiologic images and @entity1 weights. Trends in the number of habitus-limited reports were calculated for each year, and linear regression analysis was performed. The number of habitus-limited reports was also compared between modalities within a year and within each modality across 15 years. The trend was correlated with the prevalence of @entity28 in Massachusetts by using the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: There was a significant difference (P < .001) between the weight of @entity1 with habitus-limited reports and the weight of @entity1 with reports that were not habitus limited. Overall, 7778 (0.15%) of 5 253 014 reports were habitus limited. Between 1989 and 2003, there was a linear increase of 0.010% per year (95% confidence interval: 0.007%, 0.013%; P < .001). There was a positive correlation between the increased number of habitus-limited reports and the increased prevalence of @entity28 individuals in Massachusetts between 1991 and 2001. The modality most commonly associated with habitus-limited reports was abdominal ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: There was a small but progressive increase in the number of habitus-limited radiology reports between 1989 and 2003.

title: Effect of XXXX on image quality: fifteen-year longitudinal study for evaluation of dictated radiology reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: RATIONALE, AIMS, OBJECTIVES: The Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) was designed as a measure of illness perception and has been used extensively for measuring the perceptions of @entity1 with @entity221 . Latterly modified versions of the IPQ have been used to measure the @entity221 of @entity1 with mental health problems and their carers. This study examined the utility of a modified version of the IPQ to measure changes in mental health practitioners' @entity221 about @entity161 after undertaking psychosocial intervention training. METHOD: A total of 245 mental health practitioners who undertook psychosocial intervention training completed a modified version of the IPQ before and after training. The structure of the questionnaire was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency of sub-scales embedded in the instrument was also examined. RESULTS: The hypothesized structure failed to account for the data. Model fit indices revealed a poor fit to the data across all models evaluated. Cronbach's alpha revealed a number of sub-scales in the instrument to have mediocre internal consistency characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The modified version of the IPQ is not suitable for evaluating the impact of psychosocial intervention training on changes in @entity221 of @entity161 in mental health practitioners. However, the study has highlighted the need to develop a valid and reliable measure to assess the @entity221 health professionals have of @entity1 in their care.

title: The utility of the Illness Perception Questionnaire in the evaluation of mental health practitioners' perspectives on @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['illness perceptions', 'physical illness']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1243 is associated with @entity1386 and insulin resistance and may play a direct role in @entity729 . It is unclear, however, whether @entity1243 is an independent predictor of @entity731 burden. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association between plasma @entity1243 and @entity729 ( @entity729 ) in an ethnically diverse cohort of older adult @entity1 and @entity1 free of clinical @entity65 . DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study with data collection between January 2002 and February 2004 as part of the ADVANCE Study. SETTING: The study was conducted at an integrated health care delivery system in Northern California. @entity1 : @entity1 included 949 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 60-69 yr old. INTERVENTIONS: There were no interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The main outcome measure was @entity729 by multidetector row computed tomography. RESULTS: In ordinal logistic regression, plasma @entity1243 levels were positively associated with extent of @entity729 independently of age, race/ethnicity, and smoking status in @entity1 (odds ratio of higher @entity729 for the sex-specific upper tertile vs. lower tertile = 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-3.00) but not in @entity1 (odds ratio = 1.29; 95% confidence interval = 0.89-1.86). However, this association was explained by metabolic risk factors and @entity1386 measures. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a role of @entity1243 on @entity729 in @entity1 but, in our sample of older adults, the association between @entity1243 and @entity729 was not independent of other cardiac risk factors.

title: Plasma XXXX levels and @entity729 in older adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification', 'coronary artery calcification', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Mucin-producing @entity5 (MPNs) of the pancreas include mucinous @entity5 (MCNs) and main-duct, branch-duct, and combined @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ). MCNs and branch-duct @entity4929 are frequently confused; it is unclear whether main-duct, combined, and branch-duct @entity4929 are a different spectrum of the same disease. We evaluated their clinical and epidemiologic characteristics. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent resection for histologically confirmed MPNs were identified (N = 557); specimens were reviewed and eventually reclassified. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-eight @entity1 (30%) had MCNs, 159 (28.5%) had branch-duct @entity4929 , 149 (27%) had combined @entity4929 , and 81 (14.5%) had main-duct @entity4929 . @entity1 with MCNs were significantly younger and almost exclusively @entity1 ; 44% of @entity1 with main-duct or combined @entity4929 and 57% of those with branch-duct @entity4929 were @entity1 . MCNs were single lesions located in the distal pancreas (95%); 11% were invasive. @entity4929 were more frequently found in the proximal pancreas; invasive @entity5 was found in 11%, 42%, and 48% of branch-duct, combined, and main-duct @entity4929 , respectively (P = .001). @entity1 with invasive MCN and those with combined and main-duct @entity4929 were older than those with noninvasive @entity5 . The 5-year disease-specific survival rate approached 100% for @entity1 with noninvasive MPNs. The rates for those with invasive @entity5 were 58%, 56%, 51%, and 64% for invasive MCNs, branch-duct @entity4929 , main-duct @entity4929 , and combined @entity4929 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: MPNs comprise 3 different @entity5 : MCNs, branch-duct @entity4929 , and main-duct @entity4929 , including the combined type. These @entity5 have specific clinical, epidemiologic, and morphologic features that allow a reasonable degree of accuracy in preoperative diagnosis.

title: Mucin-producing XXXX of the pancreas: an analysis of distinguishing clinical and epidemiologic characteristics.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic neoplasms', 'cancer', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['IPMNs', 'intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5088 ( @entity5088 ) is aberrantly expressed in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) but its prognostic value is unknown. METHODS: Archival tissue specimens collected from 132 @entity14 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection without presurgery or postsurgery therapy were evaluated for expression of @entity5088 by using a mouse monoclonal antibody and horseradish peroxidase. @entity5088 expression levels were correlated with clinicopathologic features and @entity1 survival. Survival was estimated by both univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression methods. RESULTS: In both normal colonic epithelium and @entity14 , @entity5088 staining was localized primarily in the cytoplasm. The optimal immunostaining cutoff value (>or=75% positive cells and an immunostaining score>or=2.0), which was derived by using the bootstrap method, was used to categorize @entity14 into groups of high expression (33 of 132 @entity1 ; 25%) or low expression (99 of 132 @entity1 ; 75%). @entity1 who had early stage @entity5 (stages I and II) with high @entity5088 expression had a shorter disease-specific survival (log-rank; P=.007) than @entity1 who had with low expression. @entity1 who had advanced-stage @entity14 (stages III and IV) did not demonstrate such a difference (log-rank; P=.108). Multivariate regression models that were generated separately for @entity1 with early stage and advanced-stage @entity14 confirmed that increased expression of @entity5088 was an independent indicator of a poor prognosis only for @entity1 who had early stage @entity14 (hazard ratio, 3.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-9.73). CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that increased @entity5088 expression is a predictor of poor survival in @entity14 , specifically for @entity1 who have early stage @entity5 .

title: Prognostic value of @entity5088 expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'CRCs', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas']


abstract: 1. The blood-bathed organ technique was used to study the release of @entity2661 , angiotensin II and @entity3009 -like (PL) substances into the circulation during @entity2944 and after @entity548 in anaesthetized @entity235 . 2. Elevated blood concentrations of @entity1063 , angiotensin II and @entity3009 -like substances have been detected during both experimental conditions. 3. The rise of arterial blood pressure during @entity2944 and after @entity548 was associated with elevated concentrations of angiotensin II in the blood and could be abolished by inhibition of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme with @entity7710 . 4. The compensation of arterial pressure during both stresses was significantly impaired by release of @entity3009 -like substances; it could be restored by inhibition of @entity3009 biosynthesis with @entity3352 . 5. The results indicate that activation of the renin-angiotensin system represents the major humoral mechanism for the maintenance of arterial pressure during hypercapnic @entity520 and after @entity548 .

title: Humoral response and blood pressure regulation during @entity2944 and @entity548 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: AIM: @entity1808 is believed to play an important role in tissue repair and remodeling in lungs by the angiotensin type I (AT1) receptor via a number of potential mechanisms. However, the role of the AT1 receptor in early @entity651 has not been characterized. METHODS: @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 ( @entity3794 ) in @entity35 was utilized to value the treatment with @entity917 , an AT1 receptor antagonist, by measurement of body weight, wet weight of the left lung, @entity720 content, mRNA expression of collagen I/III, and the degree of @entity82 in lung tissues on d 21. Tissue injury in the early phase was assessed on d 1, 3 and 7 by apoptosis, @entity1234 content, @entity1589 activity, inflammatory cell count and protein content. @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) activity and the AT1 receptor in lung tissues were analyzed by biochemistry method and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: @entity917 ameliorated @entity3794 induced by @entity1732 in the @entity35 on d 21. After @entity1732 was injected intratracheally, increases in the lung AT1 receptor and @entity1811 activity were observed by d 1, 3 and 7. @entity651 deteriorated in the early phase. @entity917 reduced the increase of the AT1 receptor, @entity1811 activity and @entity651 induced by @entity1732 in the early phase. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that @entity1808 may play a potent role in early @entity651 via the AT1 receptor. AT1 receptor antagonists should be assessed as potential new therapies for @entity358 .

title: Early @entity651 contributes to lung @entity82 via AT1 receptor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan', 'Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1808 :: ('24179(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II', 'angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis', 'PF']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Lung injury', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxy-proline']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity416 and @entity901 (XELOX) chemotherapy causes @entity1209 , despite adequate administration of antiemetics. Furthermore, specific risk factors that increase this risk are not elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To appraise the effectiveness of antiemetics to prevent XELOX-induced @entity1209 . METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective, cohort study. @entity1 were recruited on the day of chemotherapy and received follow-up after 5 days to assess @entity1209 and use of antiemetics. @entity1 were assessed for @entity1209 control and clinical endpoints of complete response, complete protection, and complete control. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors. RESULTS: Mean age of the 156 @entity1 analyzed was 60 years (SD = 9.0) with 88 @entity1 (56.4%) and 68 @entity1 (43.6%). @entity1 proportions achieving complete response (87.8%), complete protection (80.8%), and complete control (62.8%) within 24 hours after chemotherapy declined throughout the follow-up period to 76.9%, 64.7%, and 48.7%, respectively. @entity1 with fewer than three risk factors (odds ratio [OR] = 3.13, p = .006), those receiving @entity901 less than 100 mg/m (OR = 3.23, p = .009) and capecitabine less than 1,500 mg/m (OR = 5.00, p = .04), were more likely to achieve complete response. CONCLUSIONS: An unacceptably high proportion of @entity1 receiving XELOX were identified as being unable to attain adequate control of @entity390 because of inadequate usage of delayed antiemetic prophylaxis. Clinicians should be aware of the chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 patterns in this subgroup of @entity1 on XELOX and tailor appropriate management plans. Incorporation of delayed antiemetics to existing institutional guidelines for chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 management may improve @entity1 ' tolerance of XELOX.

title: Antiemetic effectiveness and @entity1209 incidence during @entity416 and XXXX chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: An evaluation of plaque-mounted diode-light transillumination (DLT) for localization of episcleral plaques beneath @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two @entity1 scheduled for radiotherapy for @entity320 were offered DLT as an additional method of ophthalmic plaque localization. Plaques were constructed by affixing 4 non-heat producing, light-emitting diodes with their apertures flush with the episcleral outer surface of the plaque's rim. Bio-implantable epoxy was used to encapsulate the electronic components. Then the plaques were loaded with 103Pd seeds. After the eye-plaques were sewn to the episclera covering the base of the intraocular @entity5 ; the diode-lights were illuminated, viewed and recorded. Photodocumentation of the relative position of the 4 lights around @entity5 's base was obtained in both cases. RESULTS: Digital images of plaque-mounted diode retro-transillumination were obtained. No evidence of diode-light @entity137 was noted. Both @entity5 were found to be covered by the ophthalmic plaques. CONCLUSION: @entity5 are often difficult or impossible to visualize with standard transillumination techniques and have been associated with poor local control rates. We have developed plaque-mounted DLT in an effort to improve ophthalmic plaque localization. Retrobulbar transillumination was viewed by indirect ophthalmoscopy and recorded with video-imaging. This technique provides unique photographic documentation of episcleral plaque localization beneath @entity5 .

title: Diode-light transillumination for ophthalmic plaque localization around juxtapapillary choroidal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'juxtapapillary tumors', 'Juxtapapillary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['juxtapapillary melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Restrictive mitral annuloplasty (RMA) often leads to reverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling in @entity1 with advanced @entity296 and functional @entity339 . However, the mechanism responsible for its favorable effects on LV ejection performance has been poorly understood. We evaluated systolic wall stress using cineangiographic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and our developed software system to assess stress-shortening relations before and after RMA. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity384 underwent 64-row MDCT before and 2 months after RMA. All @entity1 underwent stringent downsizing annuloplasty with a semirigid complete ring. Reconstructed images were used to calculate LV end-diastolic index (EDVI) and end-systolic volume index (ESVI), LV ejection fraction, and regional and global @entity299 ( @entity299 ). After RMA, LVEDVI and LVESVI decreased from 151  52 to 131  53 mL/m(2) (P=0.0001) and from 114  48 to 92  50 mL/m(2) (P=0.0001), respectively. Global @entity299 decreased from 157  43 to 139  50 kdyne/cm(2) (P=0.01), and LV ejection fraction improved from 27  8.0 to 33  13% (P=0.0007). There were significant correlations between change in LVEDVI and LVESVI (r=0.88, P<0.0001) and change in LVESVI and global @entity299 (r=0.68, P=0.0002). Moreover, the magnitude of increase in LV ejection fraction significantly correlated with the degree of @entity299 (r=-0.61, P=0.002). @entity1 without significant reverse LV remodeling had significantly higher preoperative and postoperative global @entity299 than those with it. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that decrease in afterload after reduction in @entity1284 was responsible for postoperative reverse LV remodeling process after RMA.

title: Mechanism of beneficial effects of restrictive mitral annuloplasty in @entity1 with @entity384 and functional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ESS', 'end-systolic wall stress', 'reduction in global ESS']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Chilled saline is commonly used to irrigate the ocular surface after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and is often considered by the @entity1 to be uncomfortable. Room temperature (non-chilled) saline may be a safe and less painful alternative. OBJECTIVES: To compare @entity158 and visual outcomes after irrigating the ocular surface with chilled saline versus room temperature saline in @entity167 assisted PRK. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective, single-masked, randomized, contralateral eye study, @entity735 were treated with PRK. Immediately after laser ablation one eye was irrigated with chilled saline and the other with non-chilled saline. Primary outcomes measured were @entity158 , haze, uncorrected (UCVA) and best-corrected (BCVA) visual acuities, and manifest refraction. RESULTS: Each group comprised of 40 eyes. There was no significant difference in @entity158 between the groups at any point during five days after surgery. At 6 months the mean UCVA was -0.08 logMAR    .077 [SD] (20/17) and -0.07    .074 logMAR (20/17) in the chilled and non-chilled groups respectively (p =.35). Both groups achieved 95% UCVA of 20/20 or better. The manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) was -0.05    0.21 D and -0.025    0.27 D respectively (p = .79). There were no lines lost of BCVA and no haze observed. Similar outcomes were observed with regard to @entity158 in both groups. CONCLUSION: The use of room temperature saline irrigation during PRK appears to be safe and effective.

title: Prospective comparison of chilled versus room temperature saline irrigation in XXXX -assisted photorefractive keratectomy.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eyes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain and vision']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']