abstract: Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is an attractive boosting modality in the combined treatment of recurrent and/or residual @entity14 . Twenty seven @entity1 treated with IORT are analysed. @entity66 following resection of the primary @entity5 was treated in 11 cases (group I). Localized recurrent disease without previous radiotherapy was treated in 11 cases (group II). IORT was used in five additional @entity1 with local recurrences in previously irradiated areas (group III). The treatment program consisted of maximal @entity5 resection, IORT (10-30 Gy) to the area of @entity66 and external beam radiotherapy (46-50 Gy). The median follow-up time for the entire series of @entity1 is 11 months. @entity5 control rates are 90% in group I, 63% in group II and 60% in group III. @entity137 and complications related to IORT observed in this initial experience have been pelvic @entity158 (29%) and @entity16 (3%). These early clinical results suggest that the IORT combined with surgery and external beam radiotherapy is feasible in primary and recurrent disease. Local control rates obtained in @entity1 not suitable for curative surgery are encouraging.

title: Intraoperative radiotherapy for recurrent and/or residual XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'Residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Local tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subgingival application of @entity1216 via a controlled-delivery device (CHX chip) improves the clinical outcome of scaling/root planing (SRP) in therapy for @entity7278 . Generalized aggressive @entity2521 (GAP) is commonly treated with SRP and adjunctive antimicrobial medication. To date, the efficacy of CHX chips in GAP therapy has not been evaluated. AIM: To compare SRP plus adjunctive CHX chip placement with SRP plus adjunctive systemic @entity115 / @entity868 with regard to clinical efficacy in first-line therapy for GAP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six GAP @entity1 were treated with SRP and randomly with either placement of CHX chips or systemic @entity115 / @entity868 . Clinical attachment level (CAL), @entity92 ( @entity92 ), @entity548 on probing (BoP) and suppuration (Pus) were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months after therapy. RESULTS: CAL, @entity92 , BoP and Pus were significantly reduced in both groups after 3 months. In the CHX chip group, @entity92 significantly increased again between 3 and 6 months. Finally, @entity115 / @entity868 @entity1 presented significantly more CAL "gain", @entity92 reduction and less remaining deep sites after 6 months. Pus remained detectable in CHX chip @entity1 only. CONCLUSIONS: In first-line non-surgical therapy for GAP, SRP plus adjunctive systemic @entity115 / @entity868 was more efficacious in clinically relevant measures of outcome than SRP plus adjunctive placement of CHX chips.

title: Controlled-delivery XXXX chip versus @entity115 / @entity868 as adjunctive antimicrobial therapy for generalized aggressive @entity2521 : a randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity1216 :: (MESH:D002710,Chemical) :: ['chlorhexidine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the @entity137 , efficacy, and pharmacology of @entity5747 in @entity1 with recurrent or progressive recurrent high-grade @entity11 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty adults were to receive @entity5747 . However, if no responses were seen in the first ten @entity1 , the study was to be terminated. A total of 12 @entity1 were enrolled onto this trial. Ten @entity1 had @entity463 multiforme, and 11 had received prior nitrosoureas. RESULTS: Drug-related @entity137 were modest and reversible. Three @entity1 developed grade 3 to 4 @entity1398 , @entity1142 , @entity294 , or @entity390 . No CNS @entity548 was observed. Median time to progression was 55 days (range, 17 to 242 days) and median survival was 191 days (range, 42 to 811 days). No partial or complete responses were seen at 12 weeks. However, the clinical outcome of three @entity1 suggests that evidence of @entity5747 activity may be delayed. One @entity1 who "progressed" after 12 weeks of @entity5747 had a subsequent marked reduction in @entity5 size and has maintained an excellent partial response for over 2 years without other therapy. Two others had disease stabilization and lived for 16 and 27 months. Pharmacokinetics from 11 @entity1 revealed that all reached target @entity5747 concentrations. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that @entity5747 is well tolerated by @entity1 with recurrent high-grade @entity11 and may have efficacy in this disease. Its pharmacology seems unaffected by anticonvulsants. As a result of this data, @entity5747 and radiation are now being administered concurrently to @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 multiforme, with survival as the primary outcome.

title: @entity137 , efficacy, and pharmacology of @entity5747 in adults with recurrent high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This research reported the accumulated experience with cardiac transplantation in @entity1526 , emphasizing reactivation, immunosuppression, and mortality. METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 undergoing cardiac transplantation had @entity1526 with classically accepted recipient selection criteria. In this series, 84.7% of the @entity1 were functional class IV; 36.0% used vasopressor support; and 13.5% mechanical circulatory assistance. One @entity1 received a heart and kidney transplantation. RESULTS: After the initial experience the doses of immunosuppressants were significantly reduced with improvement in outcomes. The diagnosis of the reactivation of disease was documented by the identification of parasite in the myocardium, or on subcutaneous or serological exams. Reactivation of disease was significantly reduced by decreasing the immunosuppression. Immediate mortality occurred in 10 cases: three infections, two allograft dysfunction, two rejections, and two sudden deaths. Subsequent mortality happened in 14 @entity1 : four by @entity706 , three by infection, two by @entity2826 two by rejection, two by @entity3822 , and one by reactivation of disease in the brain. CONCLUSIONS: There's no correlation between the disease and pre- or postoperative prophylaxis. The early diagnosis and specific treatment of reactivation did not leave functional sequelae in the myocardium. Reduction in immunosuppression significantly reduced reactivation of disease and @entity5 . The combined transplantation can be realized safely with more care about the immunosuppressants.

title: Later evolution after cardiac transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas' disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of the study was to gain insight into the relative risk of clinically relevant @entity5253 following @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) initiation over time. A secondary aim was to analyse the influence of @entity1 characteristics and co-medication on the occurrence of this adverse effect. METHODS: Drug prescription data from 1994 to 2011 were retrieved from the IADB.nl database. To study the influence of @entity4185 use on occurrence of @entity5253 , a prescription symmetry analysis was used, including @entity1 using medication for @entity5253 up to 1  year before or after @entity4185 initiation. The relative risk was calculated by dividing the number of @entity1 receiving medication for @entity5253 after @entity4185 initiation by the number of @entity1 receiving the same medication before @entity4185 initiation. Sub-analyses were conducted to compare the relative risks at several time points after @entity4185 initiation and to account for therapy persistence by only including chronic users of @entity4185 . A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify predictive factors. RESULTS: A total of 52,279 incident users of @entity4185 therapy were identified, of which 1,081 received medication for @entity5253 up to 1  year before or after @entity4185 initiation. A total of 701 @entity1 received medication for @entity5253 after @entity4185 initiation, while 361 received these medications in the reversed sequence, resulting in a sequence ratio (SR) of 1.94 (95  % CI 1.71-2.21). In the first 3  months after @entity4185 initiation, the SR was 2.72 (95  % CI 2.19-3.38) and then decreased to 1.47 (95  % CI 1.11-1.95) 9-12  months after @entity4185 initiation. Predictive factors were higher daily dose of @entity4185 and concomitant use of oral @entity288 . CONCLUSIONS: This study found a significant and clinically relevant increased number of @entity1 receiving medication for @entity5253 in the first year after therapy initiation with @entity4185 . Relative risk is highest in the first 3  months, but remains increased up to at least 1  year after @entity4185 initiation. This study stresses the need for @entity1 education and inhalation instruction.

title: Inhaled XXXX and the occurrence of @entity5253 : a prescription sequence symmetry analysis.

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['ICS', 'inhaled corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: In the operative resection of @entity1313 , defining and locating edges of @entity5 or those with indistinct color and consistency can be difficult. This report presents a simple yet precise, alternative method, using the basic Brown-Roberts-Wells or Cosman-Roberts-Wells stereotactic frame, for placement of visual markers to aid in @entity5 resections. The method can also be extended to the Leksell system. Using routine computed tomographic scanning or magnetic resonance imaging after stereotactic frame application, multiple points along @entity5 edges were used as target points. In the operating room, standard techniques were used for the skin incision, @entity79 , and opening the dura. At each target point, after opening the dura and using stereotactic coordinates and equipment, a microbiopsy forceps was used to place "micropatties" (each with a string tail) or small catheters with pledgets or catheter tips located at @entity5 edges. After removing the arc, the @entity5 resection was accomplished in a conventional nonstereotactic manner by simply following string tails or catheters to the @entity5 . Gross @entity5 edges were determined from positions of actual patties or catheter tips. These simple but accurate techniques offer the possibility of @entity5 resections under stereotactic guidance with equipment readily available to most neurosurgeons. The fidelity of marker placement is also maintained in relation to @entity5 edges despite shifts in the @entity5 and/or brain as cystic areas are drained or large amounts of the @entity5 are resected.

title: XXXX resection aided with markers placed using stereotaxis guided by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'deep-seated tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the bone flap']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1695 ( @entity1695 ) is characterized by progressive @entity8 , @entity8 , an increase in renal transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity1810 ), and renal tubular apoptosis. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of a monoclonal antibody to @entity1810 (1D11) in @entity1695 . METHODS: Mechanical stretch was applied to tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) by a computer-assisted system. Three doses of 1D11 (either 0.5, 2, or 4 mg/ @entity35 ) were administered to @entity35 one day prior to @entity1695 and every two days thereafter, and kidneys were harvested at day 13. @entity82 was assessed by measuring tissue @entity720 and mRNA for collagen and fibronectin. Apoptosis was assessed with the terminal deoxy transferase @entity856 nick end-labeling assay. @entity1810 levels were determined by bioassay. Western blot and immunostaining were used to identify @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ), @entity10740 , @entity1976 , and inducible @entity842 synthase (iNOS). RESULTS: Stretch significantly induced apoptosis in NRK-52E cells, which was accompanied by an increased release of @entity1810 ; 1D11 (10 microg/mL) totally inhibited stretch-induced apoptosis. Control obstructed kidney contained 20-fold higher @entity1810 as compared with its unobstructed kidney; 1D11 neutralized tissue @entity1810 of the obstructed kidney. Control obstructed kidney exhibited significantly more @entity82 and tubular apoptosis than its unobstructed counterpart, which was blunted by 1D11. In contrast, 1D11 significantly increased tubular proliferation. @entity10740 immunostaining was localized to renal tubular nuclei of control obstructed kidney and was diminished by 1D11. In contrast, @entity1976 was up-regulated in the 1D11-treated obstructed kidney. Total NOS activity and iNOS activity of the obstructed kidney were increased by 1D11 treatment. CONCLUSION: The present study strongly suggests that an antibody to @entity1810 is a promising agent to prevent @entity8 and apoptosis in @entity1695 .

title: Antibody to transforming growth factor-beta ameliorates tubular apoptosis in unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular fibrosis', 'renal atrophy', 'renal interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral ureteral obstruction', 'UUO']

entities_list: @entity856 :: ('MESH:D014544', 'Chemical') :: ['uridine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1695 :: (MESH:D014517,Disease) :: ['ureteral obstruction']


abstract: STUDY AIM: Small bowel transplantation is still hampered by a high morbidity and mortality linked to the heavy non specific immunosuppression which is required by the transplantation of this lymphoid organ. Adhesion molecules appear to be potential targets for specific immunosuppression. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a transitory administration of anti- @entity4459 or anti-alpha 4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in the prevention of rejection in a model of fetal small-bowel transplantation in @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The small bowel of C57BL/6 (H-2b) fetus (16 to 20 days of gestation) was transplanted into adult C3H/He @entity19 (H-2k) or C57BL/6 recipient @entity19 . Recipients were treated with a short course of either anti- @entity4459 mAb alone, either with anti-alpha 4 mAb alone, or with both mAb. Biopsies with histological study of the grafts were performed between post-operative day 5 and 60. A score of development and rejection was assigned to each sample. RESULTS: Normal intestinal development with no sign of rejection was observed in 24/28 syngenic grafts till post-operative day 45. In the absence of treatment, intense rejection was observed as soon as day 5 and all allogenic grafts were rejected (n = 22). In contrast, in anti- @entity4459 mAb treated @entity19 , 18/20 allogenic grafts developed normally with minimal signs of rejection. In anti-alpha 4 treated @entity19 , a transient protective effect on small bowel allograft survival was observed on day 7 but thereafter, all grafts were massively rejected within a few days (n = 18). The combination of both mAb didn't improve the survival of the grafts when compared to anti- @entity4459 mAb treated grafts (n = 10). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that a transitory administration of anti- @entity4459 mAb, but not of anti-alpha 4 mAb, is able to prolong significantly the survival of non vascularized small bowel fetal grafts in @entity19 . Our results are promising for the possible use of the anti- @entity4459 mAb in clinical intestinal transplantation.

title: [Prevention of intestinal allograft rejection by anti-adhesion molecule antibodies in a XXXX model].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the maturational-delay hypothesis of primary megaureter (PM), i.e. that the condition arises by a segmental maturational delay of the ureteric wall that can resolve spontaneously within the first year of life, using comparative immunocytochemistry of ureters resected from @entity1 and from homologous pre-natal ureters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen distal urinary tracts were obtained from @entity1 with PM who were referred for surgery (aged 6 months to 8 years, mean 2.1 years). These were compared with ureteric buds obtained from 11-week-old @entity1 and 11- to 38-week-old @entity291 fetuses. The samples were immunostained using a monoclonal antibody specific for @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ). RESULTS: The histological appearances of the narrowed ureteric segments from @entity1 under 18 months old were like the fetal ureteric buds at 26-38 weeks of gestation. Positive @entity2533 immunoreactions were detected in the longitudinal muscle layer in the ureter from @entity1 6-12 months old. Such reactions weakened progressively in those @entity1 older than 1 year, becoming negative in all @entity1 older than 3 years. The @entity2533 immunolabelling in resected ureters was closely similar to that in fetal ureters from 20 to 26-week old @entity291 . CONCLUSIONS: From these results, PM should be ascribed to a @entity245 arising at about 20 weeks of gestation, with a possible pathogenetic involvement of autocrine @entity2533 overexpression.

title: Segmental up-regulation of XXXX in the pathogenesis of primary megaureter. An immunocytochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta', 'TGF-beta']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['segmental developmental delay of the terminal ureter']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-beta']


abstract: In order to evaluate the pathogenesis of @entity644 and the charge of @entity1200 in @entity1988 , anionic sites of periodate-lysin- @entity1604 (PLP) fixed renal tissue (5 @entity1 with @entity703 as normal control and 17 @entity1 with @entity1988 ), were stained with the critical electrolyte concentration method. Cuprolinic blue (CB) was used as a cationic probe. Ultra-structural study and semi-quantitative analysis were done. In the normal glomerular basement membrane (GBM), the CB stainable anionic sites appeared as filamentous structure with several short lateral branches. On the basis of electron microscopic observation of isolated proteoglycan, it is suggested that the central filaments are the protein core and the branches are the glycosaminoglycans of proteoglycan molecules. These filamentous anionic sites were located mainly in the laminae larae and lie close to each other forming a mesh-like network pattern. The semi-quantitative analysis of the normal GBM revealed that the number of anionic sites in the lamina rara externa (LRE) was 22.9 +/- 1.9-23.7 +/- 1.4/1000 nm GBM and in the lamina rara interna (LRI) 14.0 +/- 1.6-15.1 +/- 1.5/1000 nm GBM. These findings suggest that the anionic sites composed of heparan sulphate proteoglycan occupy large area of the laminae larae and prevent permeation of anionic molecules. In @entity51843 @entity1 with class II @entity1988 , the number of anionic sites of the GBM (LRE; 21.3 +/- 2.0-22.3 +/- 1.8/1000 nm GBM, LRI; 13.5 +/- 2.0-14.2 +/- 2.0/1000 nm GBM) showed no significant difference from that of the normal GBM. In contrast, the GBM of proteinuric @entity1 with class IV (6 @entity1 , LRE; 14.8 +/- 2.7-19.3 +/- 1.8/aooo nm GBM, LRI; 5.8 +/- 1.9-11.3 +/- 2.4/1000 nm GBM) and (V) (6 @entity1 , LRE; 13.0 +/- 2.4-17.9 +/- 2.8/1000 nm GBM, LRI; 12.0 +/- 1.9-13.0 +/- 2.5/1000 nm GBM) exhibited loss of the anionic sites in association with the localization of the @entity1200 ( @entity1200 ). From these findings, it is concluded that in severe and active @entity1988 the failure of charge barrier of the GBM is responsible for the @entity644 . The @entity1200 observed in the @entity1 with @entity1988 were not stained with CB. This finding suggests that net charge of the @entity1200 could be cationic and that cationic immune complex and/or antibody could involve in the pathogenesis of @entity1988 .

title: [Electron microscopic study of the glomerular basement membrane charge barrier and the charge of XXXX in @entity1988 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity51843 :: ('MESH:C563444', 'Disease') :: ['non-proteinuric 5']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'immune deposits']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvic tumor']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['immune deposits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A theoretical advantage of preoperative therapy in @entity788 is that it facilitates the early treatment of micrometastases and reduces postoperative systemic recurrence. METHODS: Medical records of 309 consecutive @entity1 undergoing resection of @entity420 in the head of the pancreas were reviewed. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Associations between preoperative therapy and patterns of recurrence were determined using chi-squared analysis. RESULTS: Preoperative therapy was administered to 108 @entity1 and upfront surgery was performed in 201 @entity1 . Preoperative therapy was associated with a significantly longer median disease-free survival of 14 months compared with 12 months in @entity1 submitted to upfront surgery (P = 0.035). The rate of @entity66 as a component of first site of recurrence was significantly lower with preoperative therapy (11.3%) than with upfront surgery (22.9%) (P = 0.016). Preoperative therapy was associated with a lower rate of hepatic @entity3 (21.7%) than upfront surgery (34.3%) (P = 0.026). Preoperative therapy did not affect rates of peritoneal or pulmonary @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative therapy for @entity788 was associated with longer disease-free survival and lower rates of local and hepatic recurrences. These data support the use of preoperative therapy to reduce systemic and local failures after resection.

title: Impact of preoperative therapy on patterns of recurrence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Stem cell therapy for myocardial tissue repair is limited by the poor survival of transplanted cells, possibly because of inadequate supply of @entity26 and nutrients. The purpose of this study was to assess the oxygenation level and functional recovery after allogenic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in a @entity35 model of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Myocardial @entity26 tension ( @entity4095 ) was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry using an implantable @entity26 -sensing spin probe (OxySpin). MSCs incubated with OxySpins showed substantial uptake of the probe without affecting its @entity26 sensitivity or calibration. The cells internalized with OxySpins were able to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, cardiomyocyte, and endothelial cell lineages. The labeled cells tested positive for @entity3802 and CD29 markers and negative for the hematopoietic markers @entity45685 and @entity1008 . For the in vivo studies, @entity583 was induced in @entity35 by permanently ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. MSCs with OxySpins were transplanted in the @entity1188 region of hearts. A significant increase in @entity4095 was observed in the MSC group compared with the untreated @entity583 group (18.1 +/- 2.6 vs. 13.0 +/- 1.8 mmHg, n = 4, P < 0.05) at 4 wk after transplantation. Echocardiography showed a significant improvement in ejection fraction and fraction shortening, which inversely correlated with the magnitude of @entity82 in the treated hearts. The cell-transplanted hearts also showed an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor level and capillary density in the @entity1188 region. The study established our ability to measure and correlate changes in myocardial tissue oxygenation with cardiac function in infarcted @entity35 hearts treated with MSCs.

title: Myocardial oxygenation and functional recovery in XXXX @entity35 hearts transplanted with mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: Autopsy findings of 10 @entity1 with @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ) are presented. These @entity1 include six females and four males with a mean age of 22.6+/-10.2 years. @entity101 was the commonest mode of presentation. On autopsy, the @entity455 in the aorta comprised of @entity850 (eight), dilatation (six), @entity439 (two) and dissection of aorta involving its arch, @entity1514 and abdominal aorta (one). Abdominal aorta was the commonest site of involvement (nine @entity1 ) and renal artery was involved in six @entity1 . Histologically, the three types of lesions were identified--active, fibrotic and combination of active and @entity75 . Active inflammatory lesions in the arterial circuit were present despite a clinically chronic (silent) phase of the disease. Cardiac involvement included @entity4346 (nine), right ventricular @entity1184 (four), @entity1184 (three), @entity2401 (two) (rheumatic and Takayasu's @entity2401 --one @entity1 each) and involvement of coronary artery (one). The pulmonary artery was involved in two @entity1 . Kidneys showed changes of malignant @entity101 and @entity9161 in one @entity1 each. Associated @entity378 was present in four @entity1 . The causes of mortality were @entity712 (four), @entity177 (two), @entity510 , @entity1151 in one @entity1 each. Thus, the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Indian @entity1 with @entity12040 is due to severe uncontrolled @entity101 and its effect on heart, kidney and brain. The disease appears to have a persistent activity for a prolonged period even when it appears to be clinically silent.

title: An autopsy study of XXXX in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleed']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'biventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity9161 :: ('MESH:D009400', 'Disease') :: ['benign nephrosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal rupture and pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['TA', 'Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu arteritis']


abstract: To clarify the present status and problems in medical care for the elderly with @entity303 , 103 cases were studied according to the descriptive records obtained at a public counselling facility for @entity303 , based on interviews with @entity1 ' families. Their records were analysed based on their background, severity of @entity303 (clinical @entity303 rating: @entity7958 ), and counselling content. There were 75 demented @entity1 with a @entity7958 score of 1 or more, and 50 of them were @entity1 aged 54 to 90, while the remaining 25 @entity1 were aged 55 to 88. The consultation content was clustered into 5 codes: code 1, evaluation of @entity303 and/or @entity303 -related symptoms including @entity146 and behavioral disturbance; code 2, methods to manage @entity1 ; code 3, methods to take a @entity1 to a medical institution; code 4, questions regarding medical treatment and drugs prescribed at present; code 5, information on the welfare resources provided. In most of the 75 @entity1 , the degree of @entity303 deteriorated insidiously without any physical symptoms. The key @entity1 and/or caregiver was usually an elderly spouse, and the family noticed @entity303 only after @entity73 progressed with or without troublesome symptoms. @entity1833 was a common troublesome symptom. Concerning consultation content, codes 1, 2, and 3 were common, while 13 cases had dissatisfaction with their medical treatment. Therefore, it was necessary to explain the significance of early diagnosis of @entity303 to families and their caregivers. There were also many families who felt strain and wondered about what hospital or department to take the @entity1 to. In addition, it seemed that explanation on the clinical course and adverse drug reactions, advice for the correspondence with @entity146 and @entity854 , and information services concerning utilization of social resources was not yet sufficient.

title: [Present status and problems in medical care for demented XXXX using public counselling facilities].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['Hallucination']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal behaviour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Advanced age is associated with alterations in innate and adaptive immune responses, which contribute to an increased risk of @entity281 in elderly @entity1 . Coupled with this @entity1200 , elderly @entity1 demonstrate impaired wound healing with elevated rates of wound @entity6783 and chronic wounds. To evaluate how advanced age alters the host immune response to cutaneous @entity2737 , we developed a @entity19 model of cutaneous @entity794 @entity2737 in young (3-4 mo) and aged (18-20 mo) BALB/c @entity19 . Aged @entity19 exhibit increased bacterial colonization and delayed wound closure over time compared with young @entity19 . These differences were not attributed to alterations in wound neutrophil or macrophage @entity8932 or FcyRIII expression, or age-related changes in phagocytic potential and bactericidal activity. To evaluate the role of chemotaxis in our model, we first examined in vivo chemotaxis in the absence of wound injury to KC, a neutrophil chemokine. In response to a s.c. injection of KC, aged @entity19 recruited fewer neutrophils at increasing doses of KC compared with young @entity19 . This paralleled our model of @entity2737 , where diminished neutrophil and macrophage recruitment was observed in aged @entity19 relative to young @entity19 despite equivalent levels of KC, @entity9701 , and @entity8929 chemokine levels at the wound site. This reduced leukocyte accumulation was also associated with lower levels of @entity8024 in wounds from aged @entity19 at early time points. These age-mediated defects in early neutrophil recruitment may alter the dynamics of the inflammatory phase of wound healing, impacting macrophage recruitment, bacterial clearance, and wound closure.

title: Reduced neutrophil chemotaxis and infiltration contributes to delayed resolution of cutaneous XXXX with advanced age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

answer: @entity2737 :: (MESH:D014946,Disease) :: ['wound infection']


abstract: To date, data are not available concerning the effectiveness of chemotherapy in the treatment of Spirocerca lupi-associated @entity2910 . In the present study, we compared the effectiveness of 4 chemotherapeutic agents against S. lupi-associated @entity421 , using a xenograft @entity19 model created in our lab. Samples of xenografted @entity421 were inoculated subcutaneously into 5 groups (n = 10 each) of 6-wk-old male and female NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 . @entity5 -bearing @entity19 were divided into treatment and control groups. The treatment groups were injected with either pegylated liposomal @entity632 (6 mg/kg, intravenously, n = 9), @entity632 (6 mg/kg, intravenously, n = 8), @entity3003 (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, repeated twice at 1-wk intervals for a total of 2 doses, n = 9), or @entity900 (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, n = 8). The control group was injected with buffered saline (n = 9). @entity5 size was determined by caliper measurements. Compared with the control group, the pegylated liposomal @entity632 - and @entity632 -treated groups, but not the @entity3003 or @entity900 groups, showed significant inhibition of @entity5 growth. Our results indicate that @entity632 -based drugs are effective against S. lupi-associated @entity242 in a @entity19 xenograft model. Because it is less toxic than @entity632 , pegylated liposomal @entity632 is likely the drug of choice for treatment of S. lupi-associated @entity242 . We suggest that combination of @entity632 or its pegylated form with surgical excision will improve the prognosis of @entity235 with this disease.

title: Chemotherapeutic treatment of xenograft Spirocerca lupi-associated XXXX in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: The low-affinity @entity1 @entity222 is encoded by a single gene with allelic variation, defined by low-responder and high-responder alleles (LR and HR). The HR @entity222 transcript interacts strongly with murine (m) @entity6527 complexes, in contrast to the LR @entity222 . Furthermore, the transcripts can be discriminated by mAb 41H16, which recognizes an epitope expressed on the HR @entity222 molecule. We report that this receptor is also polymorphic in its reactivity with human (h) IgG2. Binding studies using well-defined hIgG dimers revealed that LR @entity222 molecules can efficiently bind hIgG2, in contrast to HR @entity222 . Previous work of others showed one @entity535 difference between the allelic forms of Fc gamma RII. We, however, found a second @entity535 difference between both allelic forms. In this study, hybrid @entity222 molecules were constructed to determine the epitope for mAb 41H16 and the binding domain for @entity6527 and hIgG2 complexes. Our data point to the importance of the @entity535 at position 131, located in the second Ig-like domain of @entity222 . When an @entity369 residue is present at @entity535 position 131, the receptor is recognized by mAb 41H16. Furthermore, the receptor can bind @entity6527 -sensitized indicator E, but binds hIgG2 dimers only weakly. When a @entity3793 residue is present at this @entity535 position, hIgG2 dimers do bind efficiently to Fc gamma RII, whereas @entity6527 -sensitized E and mAb 41H16 exhibit a strongly diminished binding.

title: A single XXXX in the second Ig-like domain of the @entity1 Fc gamma receptor II is critical for human IgG2 binding.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Odontogenic Primary @entity189 (PIOC) are a rare group of @entity5 with strict clinic and anatomy pathological diagnosis criteria. The different classification suggested for these @entity5 and the small amount of cases described in literature makes it hard to know exactly how many of the cases published until now are real. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present three new cases of PIOC originated from a previous @entity5409 that where treated in our Hospital. Two of them in the posterior jaw region where is more frequent, and the third in the upper jaw. We explain the procedure we used in each case and the aesthetic-functional reconstruction used witches are two fibula @entity5815 and a bone graft of iliac crest and further placing of implants. The classification, the clinical and radiological diagnosis, the treatment and its survival are discussed. RESULTS: In all three cases we were able to see in the anatomy pathological study an epithelial, exclusively without surrounding oral mucosa affectation or tissues near the lesion as well as the lack of tumorous pathology in other parts of the body. One of the @entity1 died because of premature massive cervical recidiva while the other two @entity1 are currently free form illness, for ten years one of them and fifteen months the other. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomy pathological study of all of the lesions of cystic characteristics at jaw level is very important because of the risk of coexisting with @entity3909 cells. The treatment of these @entity5 consists in practising @entity146 surgery and, in some cases, radio and/or chemotherapy post intervention.

title: XXXX and odontogenic cyst. Three new cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Intraosseous Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyocutaneous free flaps']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Primary intraosseous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two-stage reimplantation has proven to be highly successful in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity281 at the site of a total knee arthroplasty. However, up to 20 percent of @entity1 have a recurrence of @entity281 following this treatment. The purpose of our study was to determine whether aspiration of the affected joint and culture of the specimen, performed before reimplantation and after discontinuation of antibiotic therapy, would help to identify @entity1 who might have a recurrent @entity281 . METHODS: We prospectively followed sixty-nine @entity1 who were treated for a culture-proven deep @entity281 at the site of a total knee arthroplasty. Group I consisted of thirty-five @entity1 who were treated with removal of the prosthetic components and irrigation and debridement of the joint, followed by six weeks of antibiotic therapy and reimplantation of a prosthesis. Group II was composed of thirty-four @entity1 who were treated with removal of the components and irrigation and debridement of the joint, six weeks of antibiotic therapy, and then repeat culture four weeks after the antibiotic course had ended. If the culture was negative, the @entity1 was managed with a second-stage reimplantation of a prosthesis. If the culture was positive, the protocol was repeated, beginning with irrigation and debridement. The two groups were similar with regard to male-to-female ratio, age, preoperative Knee Society scores, time since primary surgery, types of infectious organisms, duration of symptoms, duration of follow-up, and number of previous revisions. All of the @entity1 were evaluated clinically with use of the objective scoring system of the Knee Society and were followed with serial radiographs. Success was defined as no @entity281 and a functional prosthesis, with a Knee Society score of at least 75 points at the last (thirty-six-month-minimum) follow-up evaluation. RESULTS: Of the thirty-five @entity1 in Group I, five (14 percent) had recurrence of @entity281 . One of the @entity1 was managed with a successful second-stage revision, three were managed with arthrodesis of the knee, and one continued with chronic antibiotic suppressive treatment. Of the thirty-four @entity1 in Group II, three (9 percent) had a positive culture after the course of antibiotics. The protocol was repeated for all three, and they subsequently had a successful second revision. One other @entity1 (3 percent) in Group II, who had a negative culture, had a recurrent @entity281 and was eventually managed with arthrodesis of the knee. CONCLUSIONS: Prerevision cultures, grown after discontinuation of antibiotic treatment and before reimplantation of the components, helped to identify the @entity1 with @entity281 at the site of a total knee arthroplasty in whom the @entity281 might recur. The performance of aspiration and cultures resulted in a substantial improvement in the clinical outcome.

title: Evaluation of preoperative cultures before second-stage reimplantation of a total knee prosthesis complicated by XXXX . A comparison-group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: Cell differentiation markers on placental villi from the first trimester of @entity1 pregnancy have been studied by indirect immunofluorescence. Fluorescence labelling with antibodies against @entity2280 and @entity2279 was conspicuous in the vascular cells. The vascular paracellular clefts were labelled by anti- @entity3545 . A few vascular cells exhibited a positive reaction for @entity2880 factor, high-molecular-weight @entity320 -associated-antibody and alpha-sm-actin compared to term pregnancy, indicating changes in protein expression during vascular differentiation. The poor anti-collagen IV reaction and the absence of a sm-myosin fluorescent signal observed around the vessels confirned the immaturity of the vessels. In contrast, strong reactions have previously been obtained with the latter antibodies in similar locations using term placental villi. A labelling was observed for antibodies against alpha3 and alpha5 integrins in these immature placental vessels suggesting cell-matrix interactions with specific domains of laminin or fibronectin. The vascular cells were also stained by anti- @entity5735 . Surprisingly, the fetal vascular cells exhibited immunostainings in common with the villous cytotrophoblast ( @entity5735 ) or the syncytiotrophoblast ( @entity3545 ) and cell islands cytotrophoblast ( @entity2279 , @entity3545 , alpha3 and alpha5 integrin subunits). These observations suggested a two step process for fetal vasculogenesis in the villi: i/ the formation of peripheral vessels induced by growth factors or cytokines derived from the nearby trophoblast, ii/ the development of muscular vessels due to growth factors or cytokines production induced by circulatory changes.

title: Characterization of first trimester XXXX fetal placental vessels using immunocytochemical markers.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. The inactivation of @entity1641 liver @entity167 dehydrogenase by @entity2707 in @entity1391 buffer, pH8, at 10 degrees C was investigated. Activity declines to a minimum value determined by the @entity2707 concentration. The maximum inactivation in a single treatment is 75%. This limit appears to be set by the ratio of the first-order rate constants for interconversion of inactive covalently modified enzyme and a readily dissociable non-covalent enzyme-modifier complex. 2. Reactivation was virtually complete on 150-fold dilution: first-order analysis yielded an estimate of the rate constant (0.164min-1), which was then used in the kinetic analysis of the forward inactivation reaction. This provided estimates for the rate constant for conversion of non-covalent complex into inactive enzyme (0.465 min-1) and the dissociation constant of the non-covalent complex (2.8 mM). From the two first-order constants, the minimum attainable activity in a single cycle of treatment may be calculated as 24.5%, very close to the observed value. 3. Successive cycles of modification followed by reduction with @entity10009 each decreased activity by the same fraction, so that three cycles with 3.6 mM- @entity2707 decreased specific activity to about 1% of the original value. The absorption spectrum of the enzyme thus treated indicated incorporation of 2-3 mol of @entity2707 per mol of subunit, covalently bonded to @entity376 residues. 4. @entity2125 + and @entity2125 protected the enzyme completely against inactivation by @entity2707 , but @entity1068 and @entity3094 were without effect. 5. @entity2707 used as an inhibitor in steady-state experiments, rather than as an inactivator, was non-competitive with respect to both @entity2125 and @entity3094 . 6. The partially modified enzyme (74% inactive) showed unaltered apparent Km values for @entity2125 + and @entity1068 , indicating that modified enzyme is completely inactive, and that the residual activity is due to enzyme that has not been covalently modified. 7. Activation by methylation with @entity406 was confirmed, but this treatment does not prevent subsequent inactivation with @entity2707 . Presumably different @entity376 residues are involved. 8. It is likely that the essential @entity376 residue modified by @entity2707 is involved either in binding the coenzymes or in the catalytic step. 9. Less detailed studies of @entity375 @entity167 dehydrogenase suggest that this enzyme also possesses an essential @entity376 residue.

title: @entity1641 liver XXXX dehydrogenase. A study of the essential @entity376 residue.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2707 :: ('MESH:D011732', 'Chemical') :: ["Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate", "pyridoxal 5'-phosphate"]

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effects of prandial @entity2690 therapy focusing on postprandial @entity413 control vs. basal @entity2690 therapy focusing on fasting @entity413 control in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: This was an open-label, randomized, parallel, three-arm multicenter trial in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 starting @entity2690 treatment. @entity1 (n=159) were randomly assigned to 24-week treatment with 3x daily @entity2690 lispro, 3x daily lispro mid mixture (MidMix; 50% lispro, 50% protaminated lispro), or 1x daily @entity2690 glargine; oral antihyperglycemic agents were discontinued. Primary end point was the postprandial @entity413 excursion 2 h after breakfast at the end of study. Secondary outcomes included HbA1c, self-monitored blood @entity413 profiles, @entity2749 , body weight, and @entity1 satisfaction. RESULTS: At the end of study, @entity413 excursions 2 h after breakfast were significantly lower with lispro and MidMix than with glargine (P<.001 for each vs. glargine): lispro, -0.6+/-2.0 mmol/l; MidMix, +0.8+/-2.4 mmol/l; glargine, +2.5+/-2.4 mmol/l. Fasting @entity413 decreases were significantly greater with glargine (-2.6+/-2.4 mmol/l) than with lispro or MidMix (-0.9+/-2.2 mmol/l; +0.9+/-1.8 mmol/l). Nevertheless, HbA1c decreased by 1.1% (lispro) and 1.2% (MidMix), vs. 0.3% with glargine. Hypoglycemic episodes were rare with 1-1.5 self-reported episodes per 100 @entity1 -days. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 starting @entity2690 , 3x daily prandial treatment with a rapid-acting analog focusing on postprandial @entity413 values enabled better control of postprandial and circadian blood @entity413 profiles than once-daily glargine, in spite suboptimal fasting @entity413 levels, which targets fasting @entity413 values. These results support studies suggesting that control of postprandial @entity4854 plays a key role in achieving HbA1c targets.

title: Prandial @entity2690 substitution with @entity2690 lispro or XXXX lispro mid mixture vs. basal therapy with @entity2690 glargine: a randomized controlled trial in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 beginning @entity2690 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic episodes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bacteriology of early @entity1174 using a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques, and whether @entity3397 is adequate as initial treatment pending culture results. @entity1 AND METHODS: 52 @entity1 (of which 45 required mechanical ventilation) meeting usual clinical criteria for @entity1174 were prospectively included. On admission, @entity1 were given intravenous @entity3397 and a protected specimen brush was performed < or = 48 h after. RESULTS: Cultures of the brush were negative (< 10(3) CFU/ml) in 33 @entity1 (1 had blood cultures positive with @entity2260 ) and positive (> or = 10(3) CFU/ml) for @entity2260 in 2 @entity1 . Seventeen @entity1 had a positive culture (> or = 10(3) CFU/ml) for at least one @entity3397 resistant microorganism, with a total of 20 organisms ( @entity794 : 6; @entity327 : 2; Enterobacteriaceae: 8; @entity796 : 3; @entity5132 : 1). In 4 of these @entity1 , a @entity114 -sensitive pathogen was also recovered in significant concentrations ( @entity2260 : 2; Streptococcus sp.: 2). These 17 @entity1 with a resistant pathogen did not differ from the 35 other @entity1 with respect to need for ventilatory support and mortality rate. By contrast, they were older (61.1 +/- 21.9 vs. 42.9 +/- 18.8 years; p < 0.005) and required longer mechanical ventilation (6.1 +/- 4.6 vs. 3.5 +/- 2.7 days; p < 0.03) and hospitalization (11.2 +/- 8.8 vs. 6.7 +/- 4.7 days; p < 0.02). Of 17 @entity1 12 with @entity3397 resistant organisms versus 0/35 without, were in-hospital @entity1 and/or had a digestive disorder (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The broad range of offending organisms seen in early @entity1174 precludes use of any single empiric regimen, making protected specimen brush mandatory in many @entity1 . Nevertheless, the involvement of @entity2260 in a notable proportion of our @entity1 suggests that routine penicillin prophylaxis after early @entity1173 (at least in most @entity1 with community-acquired @entity1173 ) is warranted given the potential severity of @entity295 in such @entity1 .

title: Is @entity3397 an adequate initial treatment for XXXX ? A prospective evaluation using a protected specimen brush and quantitative cultures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2260 :: ('2104', 'Species') :: ['S. pneumoniae', 'S.pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1174 :: (MESH:D011015,Disease) :: ['aspiration pneumonia']


abstract: Genetic recombination pathways and genes are well studied, but relatively little is known in plants, especially in lower plants. To study the recombination apparatus of a lower land plant, a recombination gene well characterized particularly in @entity375 , @entity19 , and @entity1 , the @entity6545 gene, was isolated from the moss @entity17573 and characterized. Two highly homologous @entity6545 genes were found to be present. Duplicated @entity6545 genes have been found thus far exclusively in eukaryotes with duplicated genomes. Therefore the presence of two highly homologous genes suggests a recent genome duplication event in the ancestry of @entity17573 . Comparison of the protein sequences to @entity6545 proteins from other organisms showed that both @entity6545 genes originated within the group of plant @entity6545 proteins. However, the two proteins form a separate clade in a phylogenetic tree of plant @entity6545 proteins. In contrast to @entity6545 genes from other multicellular eukaryotes, the @entity17573 genes are not interrupted by introns. Because introns are a common feature of @entity17573 genes, the lack of introns in the @entity6545 genes is unusual and may indicate the presence of an unusual recombination apparatus in this organism. The presence of duplicated intronless @entity6545 genes is unique among eukaryotes. Studies of further members of this lineage are needed to determine whether this feature may be typical of lower plants.

title: The organization of XXXX patensRAD51 genes is unique among eukaryotic organisms.

entities_list: @entity17573 :: ('3218', 'Species') :: ['Physcomitrella', 'Physcomitrella patens']

answer: @entity17573 :: (3218,Species) :: ['Physcomitrella']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity705 represents the most common form of @entity3478 . Clinical manifestations include @entity79 , compression of surrounding tissue and vascular or neurological compromise. @entity705 may be solitary ( @entity705 , SO) or multiple ( @entity5607 MO). Recurrence after surgery is a known problem especially in MO and malignant transformation is rare but more common in MO than in solitary cases. Reliable recommendations regarding diagnostics and clinical follow-up are currently lacking. @entity1 AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature review and a review of own @entity1 files with SO/MO treated between 2000 and 2011 in this hospital were performed. The age of @entity1 at diagnosis, @entity5 localization, clinical aspects, recurrence and the risk of malignant transformation in secondary (i.e. epiexostotic) @entity511 were analyzed. The follow-up including @entity1 who received surgery ranged between 2 and 127 months for @entity1 with SO and between 2 and 84 months for MO. RESULTS: A total of 39 @entity1 with SO from this hospital were included in the study. Out of 36 @entity1 who received surgery 3 recurrences were registered after an average time of 62 months. In addition, 11 @entity1 with MO were identified and all received surgery. In 5 out of 11 cases recurrences occurred after an average time of 20.6 months. @entity511 were not recorded in this series. According to the literature an increased risk of malignant transformation was found for @entity705 of the axial skeleton, in the proximal aspect of the extremities, as well as for recurrent @entity5 and for MO. @entity158 and/or increase in size of lesions after skeletal maturation were the most common clinical signs of transformation. There was a wide time interval between the initial diagnosis and the development of secondary @entity511 . In MO secondary @entity511 has been described before skeletal maturity. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity5 is generally low. @entity75 as well as @entity705 and MO seem to have an increased risk of malignant transformation. The follow-up, requiring sufficient primary diagnostics, includes regular self-control and can usually be clinically carried out in more peripherally located lesions but in certain cases supplementary X-ray imaging is needed. In cases of anatomical regions which are more difficult to access manually, follow-up examination by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice. Especially MO @entity1 seem to benefit from long-term follow-up: when the @entity5 is located in the trunk and in (proximal) long bones MRI or whole-body MRI, respectively, should be performed once a year after skeletal maturity because of the higher risk of malignant transformation in these @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX and @entity5607 : recommendations on the diagnostics and follow-up with special consideration to the occurrence of secondary @entity511 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'Secondary chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['benign bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['Osteochondromas', 'solitary osteochondroma', 'recurrent osteochondromas', 'Osteochondroma', 'osteochondromas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant transformation of SO', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Axial lesions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of bone']

entities_list: @entity5607 :: ('MESH:D005097', 'Disease') :: ['multiple osteochondromas']

answer: @entity705 :: (MESH:D015831,Disease) :: ['Osteochondroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with @entity16 . Several interventions, including anesthetic techniques, have been designed to limit @entity63 @entity75 and have been evaluated in animals. Markers of @entity16 may facilitate the assessment of these interventions in @entity1 . DESIGN: A blinded randomized prospective study comparing 2 anesthetic techniques (one @entity681 -based, the other @entity3652 and @entity1363 -based) in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. Quantitative electroencephalography was used to detect postoperative @entity16 . SETTING: Major teaching hospital. @entity1 : Forty-two @entity1 aged 18 to 70 years undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were anesthetized with either a @entity681 -based or a @entity3652 and @entity1363 -based technique for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Quantitative electroencephalography was performed preoperatively as well as 5 to 6 days postoperatively. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Quantitative electroencephalography outcome did not differ (p > 0.05) between the 2 groups. It showed significant deterioration between preoperative and postoperative assessments with a decrease in faster and an increase in slower frequencies. In addition, the alpha attenuation index decreased. This may reflect a decrease in alertness. Both the intergroup comparisons and the assessment of individual changes failed to reveal significant differences between the anesthetic techniques. The adjuvant use of @entity5161 correlated with less deterioration of quantitative electroencephalographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: The use of either @entity681 -based or @entity3652 and @entity1363 -based anesthetic techniques for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass had no effects on a marker of postoperative @entity16 (ie, quantitative electroencephalography).

title: Anesthetic technique ( @entity681 versus @entity3652 plus XXXX ) and quantitative electroencephalographic changes after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury', 'neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and, less commonly, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), have been associated with @entity113 , including @entity113 . We sought to determine whether this process might be associated with @entity698 . METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study of incident @entity698 in a subcohort of 305,958 commercially insured @entity101 adults throughout the United States. Individuals with @entity698 were matched on age, sex, region, and subscriber status with up to 10 controls, and we examined use of @entity1289 inhibitors, ARBs, b-blockers, @entity460 channel blockers, and @entity7206 in the previous 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 576 cases of @entity698 were matched to 4808 control subjects. The risk of @entity698 appeared greater among users of @entity1289 inhibitors and ARBs (adjusted hazard ratio 1.22; 95% confidence interval 0.98-1.52), but not other antihypertensive classes. Risk was not significantly different between @entity1289 inhibitors and ARBs (P = .36). We found a graded increase in risk based upon filled prescriptions, with stepwise greater risk among individuals who filled <80% and >=  80% of doses in the preceding year (P trend .03). CONCLUSIONS: In this population of middle-aged Americans with @entity101 , the use of @entity1289 inhibitors or ARBs was associated with greater risk of @entity698 . These results suggest a possible previously unrecognized noncardiovascular side effect of these widespread classes of medication.

title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'Angiotensin-converting-enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel angioedema', 'angioedema']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) given by continuous infusion (c.i.) allows higher dose delivery, causes less myelosuppression, and may interfere with repair of DNA damage caused by @entity1259 and @entity786 . With this rationale, we conducted a phase II study to test the activity and @entity137 of @entity1487 c.i., @entity1259 , and @entity786 in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity0 were entered in the trial. @entity1487 (200 mg/m(2)) was administered by c.i. from day 1 to day 20. @entity1259 (35 mg/m(2)) and @entity786 (400 mg/m(2)) were administered from day 2 to day 4, every 4 weeks. All @entity1 were evaluable for response and @entity137 . A total of 125 courses of chemotherapy were administered, with a median of 4 per @entity1 (range: 2--6). @entity137 , assessed using World Health Organization criteria, was as follows: @entity390 and @entity391 grade III--IV occurred in 36%, @entity1665 (grade III) in 86%, @entity1398 (grade III--IV) in 50%, and @entity1370 grade I--II in 11% of @entity1 . Five @entity1 (17.9%) had a complete response to therapy, and 16 (57.1%) had a partial response (response rate 75%, 95% CI 55--89%). Disease stability and progression occurred in 4 (14.3%) and 3 (10.7%) @entity1 , respectively. Median time to progression was 13.1 months (range: 3.4--66.9+), and median survival time was 27.7 months (range: 5.4--67.1+). Outpatient treatment with combined @entity1487 c.i., @entity1259 , and @entity786 shows high activity in @entity0 and gives prolonged remission with acceptable @entity137 .

title: Combined @entity1487 infusion with fractionated @entity1259 and @entity786 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin', 'Epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sudden major cerebral @entity432 often resists recanalization with currently available techniques or can results in massive symptomatic @entity932 (sICH) after thrombolytic therapy. The purpose of this study was to examine mechanical recanalization with a retrievable self-expanding stent and balloon in @entity432 . METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive @entity1 with @entity432 were treated with a Solitaire retrievable stent. Balloon angioplasty was added if successful recanalization was not achieved after stent retrieval. The angiographic outcome was assessed by Thrombolysis in @entity385 (TICI) and the clinical outcomes were assessed by the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). RESULTS: At baseline, mean age was 69.4 years and mean initial NIHSS score was 12.5. A recanalization to TICI 2 or 3 was achieved in 24 @entity1 (85%) after stent retrieval. Successful recanalization was achieved after additional balloon angioplasty in 4 @entity1 . At 90-day follow-up, 24 @entity1 (85%) had a NIHSS improvement of >= 4 and 17 @entity1 (60%) had a good outcome ( @entity5329 ). Although there was sICH, there was one death associated with the procedure. CONCLUSION: Mechanical thromboembolectomy with a retrievable stent followed by additional balloon angioplasty is a safe and effective first-line therapy for @entity432 especially in case of unsuccessful recanalization after stent thrombectomy.

title: Critical use of balloon angioplasty after recanalization failure with retrievable stent in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['acute intracranial artery occlusions', 'artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral Infarction']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['acute cerebral artery occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims were to (1) define the early changes in excitation-contraction coupling during the transition from @entity1283 to @entity712 , and (2) to clarify the causal relationship between mechanical dysfunction and abnormal @entity141 handling in the Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 model. METHODS: Myocardial contractile function was assessed in whole heart perfusion studies. In separate experiments, isolated left ventricular myocytes from Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) @entity35 were paced at a physiological rate of 5Hz and cell shortening (CS) and [ @entity141 ]i measured simulataneously by video-edge detection and @entity593 fluorescence. RESULTS: DS hearts developed @entity1184 after 4 weeks of a high-salt diet (4WHSD), as indicated by a 26% increase (p < 0.01) in the heart to body weight ratio and a 21% increase (p < 0.01) in cell width. @entity712 developed after 12 weeks of a high-salt diet (12WHSD), as indicated by an 11% increase (p < 0.01) in the lung wet to dry weight ratio. Furthermore, in DS-12WHSD hearts, the diastolic pressure-volume relationship had shifted rightward. DR @entity35 did not develop @entity101 and seved as age-matched controls. A 31% (p < 0.05) increase in the %CS in DS-4WHSD myocytes compared to DR-4WHSD myocytes with a trend of a parallel increase in @entity141 transient amplitude was found. There was no difference in the @entity141 transient parameters between DR and DS at 12WHSD, but an 18% (p < 0.01) decrease occurred in peak [ @entity141 ]i in DS myocytes between 4WHSD and 12WHSD. In DS-12WHSD, the time to peak shortening and the time from peak shortening to 50% and 90% relaxation was significantly prolonged by 27%, 44%, and 38%, respectively, as compared to the age-matched DR myocytes. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that: (I) normal @entity141 homeostasis is preserved at the stage of compensated @entity1184 ; (2) the early signs of isolated @entity409 were a prolongation of the shortening and relaxation time course without an abnormal time course of the @entity141 transient. Thus, in the @entity101 Dahl salt @entity35 model, abnormal @entity141 handling appears neither to precede nor initiate the transition to failure.

title: Early changes in excitation-contraction coupling: transition from compensated @entity1184 to failure in Dahl salt-sensitive XXXX myocytes.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. The @entity35 isolated seminal vesicle responded to @entity1063 (NA), @entity934 ( @entity1617 ), @entity4337 ( @entity4338 ) and @entity12947 ( @entity12947 ) with reproducible contractions. 2. @entity53 (17 beta E) cumulatively added in the isolated organ bath reduced the number of contractions with all agonists used in the rank order of potency: @entity12947 > or = @entity4338 > @entity1617 > NA. The dose-response curves constructed in the presence of 17 beta E (2 x 10(-5) mol/l) produced a rightward shift and a reduction in the maximum response showing inhibitory activity. 3. When the @entity460 content in the normal Krebs medium (2.5 mmol/l) was reduced to half, the inhibitory activity of 17 beta E was potentiated. The maximum inhibition rates to @entity4338 (phasic and tonic), @entity12947 and @entity1617 were significantly (P < 0.05) different from each other. 4. The inhibitory effects of 17 beta E against all agonists tested were found to be similar in their responses to @entity1855 , but were much lower in potency. 5. The inhibitory effects of 17 beta E was seen only when the hormone was present in the tissue environment and was readily reversible as soon as the tissue was washed with the Krebs medium, suggesting that the effect of 17 beta E is localized. 6. It is suggested that the in vitro application of 17 beta E on the @entity35 isolated seminal vesicle interferes with the process of translocation of @entity460 ions from the extracellular medium.

title: In vitro administration of 17 beta-estradiol inhibits drug-induced contractions of the XXXX isolated seminal vesicle.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity12947 :: ('MESH:C024986', 'Chemical') :: ['BaCl2', 'barium chloride']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the experience of pulmonary resections for colorectal metastases at the McGill University Health Centre. DESIGN: A chart review. @entity1 : Forty-nine @entity1 treated surgically between 1975 and 1998 for pulmonary metastases from @entity14 . INTERVENTION: Thoracotomy with pulmonary resection. OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival of @entity1 with various preoperative and post operative clinical variables. RESULTS: The perioperative @entity204 rate was 4%. Overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 55% and 40% respectively. The mean interval between the initial colonic resection and resection of pulmonary metastases (discase-free interval) was 36 months. The 7 @entity1 who also under went resection of extrapulmonary metastases had a 5-year survival rate of 52%. Significant preoperative variables that carried a poor prognosis included the following: more than one @entity358 , a disease-free interval of less than 2 years, and moderately or poorly differentiated @entity14 . The 16 @entity1 who received chemotherapy after their thoracotomy had a 5-year survival rate of 51% compared with 54% for the 33 @entity1 who did not receive chemotherapy. Recurrent resections of @entity358 did not reduce survival. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary resection for metastatic @entity14 is both effective and safe. Resectable extrapulmonary metastases and pulmonary recurrence should not preclude lung resection. Postoperative chemotherapy has no survival benefit. Preoperative variables should guide the clinician when considering surgical intervention.

title: Pulmonary metastases from XXXX : 25 years of experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesion', 'pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: In spite of a large body of histochemical evidence for a cholinergic system in the cerebellum, particularly in lobules IX and X, the physiological role of such a system has remained obscure. In view of the important role of these same lobules in the control of the vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and optokinetic (OKR) responses, we tested the effect of microinjections of cholinergic (ant)agonists in the flocculus of the @entity95 on these reflexes. Very marked effects were found. Bilateral floccular injection of the aspecific cholinergic agonist @entity5402 raised the gain of the OKR by about 0.46 above the baseline values, while the gain of the VOR in darkness was raised by about 0.14. These effects were statistically significant and persisted for several hours. Similar, but smaller effects were obtained after injection of @entity2607 , an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Thus, the effects could be produced by increasing the naturally present amount of @entity934 . Microinjections of the nicotinic blocker @entity6959 reduced the gain of the VOR and OKR, although these effects did not reach statistical significance. The muscarinic blocker @entity3897 significantly reduced the gain of the OKR, but not of the VOR. The present results argue strongly for an important physiological role of the cholinergic system in the cerebellum. Specifically, @entity934 appears to be involved in the modulation of oculomotor reflexes through the flocculus.

title: Cholinergic modulation of optokinetic and vestibulo-ocular responses: a study with microinjections in the flocculus of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Botulinum toxin ( @entity9381 ) is a potent inhibitor of the release of @entity934 from terminal nerves and has been used successfully in @entity121 . Its used for the treatment of disorders of gastrointestinal smooth muscle has recently been explored. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of transendoscopic injection of @entity9381 in 13 symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1318 G II (Siewert classification) without previous treatment of an ongoing randomized-controlled trial. @entity1 were blindly randomized to administrate: a) 8OU of @entity9381 were injected in four quadrants (1 ml in each quadrant-20 U/ml) (n = 8), b) normal saline solution as placebo injected in the same way (n = 5). @entity1 who did not respond were retreated in an open design with the same schedule of @entity9381 . @entity9381 or placebo were injected directly into the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), located by manometric and endoscopic procedures, via sclerotherapy injector. Response to treatment was assessed by changes in symptoms score, weight, LES pressure, barium esophagograms and endoscopy. All determinations were repeated at basal and after 7-30-60 and 90 days of treatment. Post treatment response was considered positive if at one month, 3 of 4 parameters were improved. No evidence of response to @entity9381 were assessed in 3 @entity1 . At 90 days, 10 @entity1 remain well and data are as follows: (mean +/- SD) symptoms score: (Pre: 3.23 +/- 0.44) (Post: 1.31 +/- 0.95); LES pressure (mmHg) (Pre: 53, 15 +/- 66.31 +/- 7.49); % reduction of esophageal diameter 55% (p < 0.0001) (pair T-test). Relaxation of LES did not change after treatment. There were no side effects related to @entity9381 injection. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic intrasphincteric @entity9381 injection is safe, simple and effective in the short term treatment for @entity1318 . Further studies are necessary for evaluation of long term effects.

title: [Botulinum toxin is effective in the short-term treatment of XXXX . Preliminary results of a randomized trial].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['spastic disorders of skeletal muscle']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['esophageal achalasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the completeness of @entity2802 ( @entity5 , Node, @entity3 ) staging for @entity0 in the Danish Cancer Registry. METHODS: We identified 26,488 @entity1 with a first diagnosis of @entity0 between 2004 and 2009 from the Danish Cancer Registry. We obtained information on comorbidity through the Danish National @entity1 Registry. We estimated the completeness of @entity2802 registration in the Danish Cancer Registry and stratified the analysis by gender, age, year of @entity5 diagnosis, and comorbidity. We designed an algorithm categorizing @entity0 into localized, regional, distant, or unknown stage based on @entity2802 codes. RESULTS: The overall completeness of @entity2802 registration was 85.4%. The completeness varied little by gender and study year, but decreased from 91.3% in @entity1 aged 0-39 years to 57.0% in @entity1 aged 80 years or more, and from 87.9% among @entity1 with a low level of comorbidity to 69.7% among @entity1 with a high level of comorbidity. CONCLUSION: The completeness of the @entity2802 registration varied substantially by age and level of comorbidity. Thus, depending on the outcome under study, stage-specific analyses may yield biased results. The completeness of @entity2802 should be considered in study designs using @entity2802 information.

title: Completeness of XXXX in the Danish Cancer Registry, 2004-2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer staging']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Type A behaviour and, more specifically, hostility and anger have been associated with increased risk of @entity301 ( @entity301 ). But less attention has been paid to other features of personality. Our aim was to assess whether a submissiveness trait, which is independent of hostility, was related to future risk of @entity301 in the general population. METHODS: The Edinburgh Artery Study is a cohort study of a random sample of 809 @entity1 and 783 @entity1 aged 55 to 74 years. At the baseline examination in 1988, we administered the Bedford-Foulds Personality Deviance Scales. The @entity1 were followed up for 5 years for @entity65 . Criteria to define events were adapted from the American Heart Association. Events were ascertained from the information and Statistics Division of the Scottish Office Home and Health Department, general practitioners, the UK National Health Service Central Register, annual questionnaires to the @entity1 , and the second examination at the end of follow-up. FINDINGS: During follow-up, 57 (7.0%) @entity1 and 28 (3.6%) @entity1 had non-fatal @entity583 ; 25 (3.1%) @entity1 and 8 (1.0%) @entity1 had fatal @entity583 ; and 48 (5.9%) @entity1 and 41 (5.2%) @entity1 developed @entity951 . We found that mean submissiveness scores were significantly higher in @entity1 and @entity1 who did not have a non-fatal @entity583 than in those who did (18.88 [SE 0.15] vs 17.70 [0.40], p = 0.023 in @entity1 ; 20.76 [0.17] vs 18.18 [0.86], p = 0.002 in @entity1 ). In multiple logistic-regression models, submissiveness remained independently associated with risk of @entity583 in @entity1 only; a decreased risk of both non-fatal @entity583 (relative risk 0.59 [95% CI 0.40-0.85]) and, to a lesser extent, total @entity583 (0.69 [0.27-0.96]), was associated with an increase of 1 SD in submissiveness. INTERPRETATION: The personality trait of submissiveness may be protective against non-fatal @entity583 , particularly in @entity1 . A better understanding is required of the complicated effects of personality on @entity301 development.

title: Submissiveness and protection from XXXX in the general population: Edinburgh Artery Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: A Feulgen staining procedure that stains the DNA of individual fixed nuclei stoichiometrically was used to analyse cytophotometrically the incidence of total ploidy and mixoploidy in 28 day-7 @entity291 embryos that had been fixed after collection ('non-cultured' embryos). The influence of culture on the incidence of @entity2008 was further studied in another group of 24 embryos ('cultured' embryos) by culturing them for 24 h in Whittingham's medium. Of the total 52 embryos studied, two appeared to be entirely abnormal: one embryo was completely haploid, whereas the other embryo was completely triploid. Individual @entity981 nuclei and hypodiploid nuclei were frequently observed in the otherwise diploid embryos. As haploid polar bodies can still be present in morulae and blastocysts (to a maximum of three), only embryos with more than three hypodiploid nuclei were considered as abnormal. Of the 'non-cultured' embryos, 33.3% had one or more @entity981 nuclei, whereas 51.9% had more than three hypodiploid nuclei. In this latter group, 35.7% of the embryos also had @entity981 nuclei. The results also showed that day-7 @entity291 embryos that are completely haploid, completely triploid or mixoploid cannot be detected only by examining their morphology. It is concluded that the incidence of, especially, mixoploidy in embryos can be better studied by measuring the DNA content of the individual nuclei of an embryo rather than by analysing chromosomes, as in the latter method only dividing cells can be analysed. The presence of @entity981 and hypodiploid nuclei may indicate the frequent occurrence of @entity177 during mitosis in @entity291 embryos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cytogenetic analysis of day-7 XXXX embryos by cytophotometric DNA measurements.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic segregation failures']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity33482 has been developed for positron emission tomography (PET)-imaging of alphavbeta3 expression, a receptor involved in angiogenesis and @entity3 . Our aim was to study the feasibility of PET imaging with @entity33482 in @entity1 with @entity213 ( @entity213 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Eleven @entity1 with primary diagnosis of @entity213 were examined. After injection of 140 to 200 MBq @entity33482 , static emission scans 60 min post injection from the head to the abdomen (n = 11) and dynamic scans >60 min covering the @entity5 region (n = 6) for kinetic modeling were acquired. Standardized uptake values (SUV) were measured in @entity5 , @entity121 . Immunohistochemistry was done using an alphavbeta3-specific antibody (n = 7). Image fusion with magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography (CT) scans (n = 8) and calculation of @entity5 subvolumes based on SUVs was done using the iPlan software (BrainLAB). RESULTS: @entity33482 PET identified 10 of 12 @entity5 , with SUVs ranging from 2.2 to 5.8 (mean, 3.4 +/- 1.2). Two @entity5 <5 mm were missed. @entity5 /blood and @entity5 /muscle ratios were 2.8 +/- 1.1 and 5.5 +/- 1.6, respectively. @entity5 kinetics was consistent with a two-tissue compartmental model with reversible specific binding. Immunohistochemistry confirmed alphavbeta3 expression in all @entity5 with alphavbeta3 being located on the microvessels in all specimens and additionally on @entity5 cells in one specimen. Image fusion of @entity33482 PET with magnetic resonance imaging/multislice CT and definition of @entity5 subvolumes was feasible in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity33482 PET allows for specific imaging of alphavbeta3 expression in @entity213 with good contrast. Image fusion and definition of @entity5 subvolumes is feasible. This technique might be used for the assessment of angiogenesis and for planning and response evaluation of alphavbeta3-targeted therapies.

title: XXXX positron emission tomography for imaging of alphavbeta3 expression on the neovasculature in @entity1 with @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle and oral mucosa']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity33482 :: (MESH:C423503,Chemical) :: ['[18F]galacto-RGD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity63 @entity339 have a high operative risk whether the valve is repaired or replaced. The advantage of repair over replacement is unclear in this group of @entity1 . METHODS: Between April 1986 and December 1994, 232 @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity63 @entity339 ; mitral valve replacement was performed in 98 of them. Operative mortality was 13.3%. The actuarial survival rate after 5 years was 73.3%. The surgical risk in @entity1 whose left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 10%-30% (operative mortality 50.0%) was higher than in those whose LVEF was greater than 30%. Valve reconstruction was performed in 102 @entity1 . Operative mortality in this @entity1 group was 14.7%. The surgical risk in @entity1 whose LVEF was < or = 30% was higher (operative mortality 42.9%). RESULTS: The total actuarial survival rate of all @entity1 was 64.4% after 5 years. Mortality during follow-up was higher in @entity1 with residual @entity339 greater than grade I after mitral valve reconstruction. Twenty-four @entity1 with severely impaired left ventricular function underwent heart transplantation. Operative mortality in this group was 12.5%. Eight @entity1 received left ventricular aneurysmectomy in addition to valve surgery, three of them died early. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1 with highly impaired left ventricular function and @entity339 are at too great a risk for either valve reconstruction or replacement. Cardiac transplantation should be considered for this @entity1 group. However, @entity1 with @entity339 left ventricular function can undergo valve reconstruction or replacement with an acceptable prognosis. The goal of mitral valve reconstruction should be reducing @entity339 to at least grade I. If this is not achieved, the prognosis after repair is worse than after valve replacement, therefore, the surgeon should replace the valve without delay.

title: Mitral valve reconstruction and mitral valve replacement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve insufficiency', 'mitral incompetence', 'ischemic mitral insufficiency and moderately impaired', 'ischemic mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['ischemic mitral insufficiency']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of autodecremental pacing ( @entity857 ) to interrupt @entity1165 ( @entity67 ) and @entity956 was examined. Once @entity591 was recognized, @entity857 was initiated using a short train of stimuli with gradual shortening (3%) of the interstimulus interval. @entity857 was applied to 13 consecutive @entity1 during 75 episodes of @entity67 (mostly following induction by @entity67 ). Successful interruption of @entity67 occurred in 88% of the episodes. In 6 episodes (8%), @entity857 resulted in @entity2224 and in 3 episodes @entity67 was unaffected by @entity857 . The only significant discriminator between the failure or success of @entity857 was the rate of @entity67 . @entity857 was also applied to 17 consecutive @entity1 with an @entity956 that was resistant to conventional antiarrhythmic agents. Successful conversion of @entity956 was seen in only 8 @entity1 (47%). A temporary acceleration to @entity955 appeared in 3 @entity1 (18%), and in 6 @entity1 @entity956 was unaffected by @entity857 . @entity857 was successful in 70% (7/10) of @entity1 with type 1 (< 300 beats/min) @entity956 . The authors conclude that @entity857 is beneficial in the interruption of @entity67 and @entity956 in a selected group of @entity1 , especially with a slower rate of @entity591 (atrial rate during @entity956 < 300 beats/min and @entity1165 < 180 beats/min).

title: Autodecremental pacing for the interruption of XXXX and @entity956 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular stimulation']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'atrial flutter to sinus']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a phase II study involving a single administration of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity1311 followed by sequential systemic chemotherapy with S-1+ @entity1311 for advanced @entity356 @entity1 with peritoneal @entity3 . METHODS: @entity356 @entity1 with peritoneal @entity3 were enrolled. @entity1311 (80 mg/m(2)) was administered intraperitoneally at staging laparoscopy. Within 7 days, @entity1 received systemic chemotherapy with S-1 (80 mg/m(2)/day on days 1-14) plus @entity1311 (50 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8), followed by 7-days rest. The responders to this chemotherapy underwent second-look laparoscopy, and gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection was performed in @entity1 when the disappearance of peritoneal @entity3 had been confirmed. The primary endpoint of the study was overall survival rate. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 were confirmed as having localized peritoneal @entity3 by staging laparoscopy. Eventually, gastrectomy was performed in 22 @entity1 . The median survival time of the total @entity1 population and those @entity1 in which gastrectomy was performed was 21.3 and 29.8 months, respectively. The overall response rate was 65.7 % for all @entity1 . The frequent grade 3/4 toxic effects included @entity1398 and @entity1431 . CONCLUSIONS: Sequential intraperitoneal and intravenous @entity1311 plus S-1 was well tolerated in @entity356 @entity1 with peritoneal @entity3 .

title: Phase II study of single intraperitoneal chemotherapy followed by systemic chemotherapy for XXXX with peritoneal @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']