abstract: AIMS: A current concept to prevent @entity292 during radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of @entity955 is to monitor luminal oesophageal temperature (LET). The objective of this study was to describe the temporal course of LET and to assess the reliability of monitoring the maximal LET during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using irrigated multi-electrode (IMEA, nMARQ(TM)) and focal ablation catheters. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 40 @entity1 with LET monitoring during PVI (20 @entity1 using the IMEA and 20 @entity1 using the focal catheter). A linear probe was used and visualized in the 3D mapping system. Left atrial and oesophageal reconstructions from delayed enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were integrated. Analysing 745 temperature profiles, LET >38  C was observed in 48 of 296 (17%) and 44 of 449 (10%) ablations for the IMEA and the focal catheter, respectively (P = 0.012). Temporal latency after interruption of RF energy delivery was observed for both catheters. Time until LET baseline temperature was restored after an increase of >1  C was 100 and 86 s for the IMEA and the focal catheter, respectively (P = 0.183). Imprecise representation of the maximal LET was observed in 24 (60%) and 28 @entity1 (70%) for the left and right PVs, respectively. CONCLUSION: Due to the unknown exact lateral position of the LET probe within the oesophagus, the measured temperature does not necessarily reflect the maximal LET. The absence of LET increase does not rule out significant temperature increase within the oesophagus. Consequently, the temperature information of the linear multipolar probe should be used with caution.

title: Reliability of luminal oesophageal temperature monitoring during radiofrequency ablation of XXXX : insights from probe visualization and oesophageal reconstruction using magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['atrio-oesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The dorsal habenular nuclei of the @entity3392 epithalamus have become a valuable model for studying the development of left-right (L-R) asymmetry and its function in the vertebrate brain. The bilaterally paired dorsal habenulae exhibit striking differences in size, neuroanatomical organization, and molecular properties. They also display differences in their efferent connections with the @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ) and in their afferent input, with a subset of mitral cells distributed on both sides of the olfactory bulb innervating only the right habenula. Previous studies have implicated the dorsal habenulae in modulating fear/ @entity148 responses in juvenile and adult @entity3392 . It has been suggested that the asymmetric olfactory-habenula pathway (OB-Ha), revealed by selective labeling from an @entity46897 :YFP transgene, mediates fear behaviors elicited by alarm pheromone. Here we show that expression of the @entity46898 gene demarcates a unique region of the right habenula that is the site of innervation by @entity46897 :YFP-labeled olfactory axons. Upon ablation of the parapineal, which normally promotes left habenular identity; the @entity46898 domain is present in both dorsal habenulae and @entity46897 :YFP-labeled olfactory bulb neurons form synapses on the left and the right side. To explore the relevance of the asymmetric olfactory projection and how it might influence habenular function, we tested activation of this pathway using odorants known to evoke behaviors. We find that alarm substance or other aversive odors, and attractive cues, activate @entity34272 expression in subsets of cells in the olfactory bulb but not in the @entity46897 :YFP expressing population. Moreover, neither alarm pheromone nor @entity12006 elicited @entity34272 activation in the dorsal habenulae. The results indicate that L-R asymmetry of the epithalamus sets the directionality of olfactory innervation, however, the @entity46897 :YFP OB-Ha pathway does not appear to mediate fear responses to aversive odorants.

title: Aversive cues fail to activate XXXX expression in the asymmetric olfactory-habenula pathway of @entity3392 .

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['IPN', 'interpeduncular nucleus']

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulfate']

answer: @entity34272 :: (394198(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['fos']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively perform computed tomography (CT) in @entity35 to determine whether @entity4 can be reversed by using early arterial reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the local animal protection committee. A suture model was used to occlude the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) in @entity35 for 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours. X-ray attenuation of the brain was measured directly before reperfusion and repeatedly during reperfusion for up to 24 hours. @entity1188 volumes were determined with @entity5045 staining. Means of attenuation and @entity1188 volume were compared between hemispheres and groups with a paired t test and analysis of variance. Mixed linear models were applied to compare attenuation among groups over time. RESULTS: During @entity2500 , attenuation decreased to 69.3 HU +/- 1.9 (standard deviation) after 1 hour (n=12), 66.6 HU +/- 2.0 after 2 hours (n=10), 65.4 HU +/- 2.9 after 3 hours (n=11), and 64.1 HU +/- 1.8 after 4 hours (n=9) (P<.0001). After reperfusion, attenuation remained stable in the 1-hour occlusion group (P=.16) but further and steadily declined in the 2-, 3-, and 4-hour occlusion groups (P<.001). Attenuation during reperfusion in the 1-hour occlusion group differed significantly from that in the 2-, 3-, and 4-hour occlusion groups. CONCLUSION: CT is able to help monitor @entity4 after @entity2500 and reperfusion. @entity2657 was not consistently reversible with reperfusion, even after 1 hour of occlusion, and further increased with reperfusion induced at 2 hours or later.

title: Ischemic brain tissue water content: CT monitoring during XXXX and reperfusion in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic edema']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']


abstract: Introduction. @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) associated with @entity131 is highly refractory to clinical treatment. MRI voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of T1-weighted images has revealed a widespread pattern of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) @entity194 in @entity1315 . Few studies have investigated the role of T2-weighted images in revealing WM @entity194 using VBM. Objectives. To compare the results of WM @entity194 between T1- and T2-weighted images through VBM. Methods. We selected 28 @entity1 with left and 27 with right @entity1315 and 60 normal controls. We analyzed T1- and T2- weighted images with SPM8, using VBM/DARTEL algorithm to extract maps of GM and WM. The second level of SPM was used to investigate areas of WM @entity194 among groups. Results. Both acquisitions showed bilateral widespread WM @entity194 . T1-weighted images showed higher sensibility to detect areas of WM @entity194 in both groups of @entity1315 . T2-weighted images also showed areas of WM @entity194 in a more restricted pattern, but still bilateral and with a large area of superposition with T1-weighted images. Conclusions. In @entity1315 , T1-weighted images are more sensitive to detect subtle WM abnormalities using VBM, compared to T2 images, although both present a good superposition of statistical maps.

title: White Matter Atrophy in @entity1 with Mesial XXXX : Voxel-Based Morphometry Analysis of T1- and T2-Weighted MR Images.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy', 'MTLE']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['Temporal Lobe Epilepsy']


abstract: @entity64 is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) and silent @entity385 is the most common form of @entity16 . The frequency and risk factors for new silent @entity385 are incompletely understood. Moreover, no recommended treatment has been established. Although @entity1862 (HU) is recommended for @entity3458 , concerns remain regarding its role in the prevention of cerebrovascular events, including silent @entity385 . A single center population of 104 Italian @entity1 with @entity3458 treated with HU has been followed for a mean of 11 years. Clinical evaluation and brain imaging by Magnetic Resonance Imaging were done before and during HU treatment. During follow-up, the number of sickle cell crises (86%, 7.8        6.9 vs. 1.2        0.5 per year, P   <   0.0001), hospitalizations (2.5        2.9 vs. 0.3        1.5 per year, P   <   0.0001), and days in the hospital (22.4        21.9 vs. 0.3  1.5 per year, P   <   0.0001) decreased significantly and HbF increased from a mean of 8-20.8%. @entity385 occurred in 37.5% of @entity1 . Among these, 6.7% had overt @entity64 , while 30% had new or progressive silent @entity385 . @entity64 and silent @entity385 were not related to clinical hematologic or HbF response to HU. These findings suggest that in adults, HU treatment does not prevent new cerebrovascular events or the progression of existent silent @entity385 in @entity3458 . A major benefit of HU is the increase in HbF; the association of high HbF and reduced @entity66 has been weak. New treatment strategies should be developed for the prevention of @entity3458 .

title: Cerebrovascular events in XXXX treated with @entity1862 : a single center prospective survey in adult Italians.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'HbS-   thalassemia', 'sickle cell disease', 'HbS-b thalassemia', 'sickle cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral infarcts', 'cerebral infarction', 'cerebral infarcts']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell-beta thalassemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is essential for @entity5 growth. The inhibition of angiogenesis is therefore emerging as a promising therapy for @entity5 . Two natural products, @entity19525 and @entity36232 , were discovered to be potent inhibitors of angiogenesis due to their inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation. An analog of @entity19525 , @entity10822 , is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of a variety of @entity5 . The underlying molecular mechanism of the inhibition of angiogenesis by these natural drugs has remained unknown. RESULTS: Both @entity10822 and @entity36232 bind to a common bifunctional protein, identified by mass spectrometry as the type 2 @entity1853 aminopeptidase ( @entity36231 ). This protein also acts as an inhibitor of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (elF-2alpha) phosphorylation. Both drugs potently inhibit the @entity1853 aminopeptidase activity of @entity36231 without affecting its ability to block elF-2alpha phosphorylation. There are two types of @entity1853 aminopeptidase found in eukaryotes, but only the type 2 enzyme is inhibited by the drugs. A series of analogs of @entity19525 and @entity36232 were synthesized and their potency for inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and inhibition of @entity1853 aminopeptidase activity was determined. A significant correlation was found between the two activities. CONCLUSIONS: The protein @entity36231 is a common molecular target for both @entity10822 and @entity36232 . This finding suggests that @entity36231 may play a critical role in the proliferation of endothelial cells and may serve as a promising target for the development of new anti-angiogenic drugs.

title: @entity1853 aminopeptidase (type 2) is the common target for angiogenesis inhibitors XXXX and @entity36232 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity19525 :: ('MESH:C026211', 'Chemical') :: ['fumagillin']

answer: @entity10822 :: (MESH:C066515,Chemical) :: ['AGM-1470']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Omalizumab has been successfully established as add-on therapy to improve @entity565 control in adults and @entity1 aged 6 years and older with uncontrolled severe persistent @entity56 (GINA 2009 step 5). @entity1 AND METHODS: 15 @entity1 between 12 and 20 years of age with severe @entity56 , which was inadequately controlled despite intensive antiasthmatic therapy according to NVL step 4 /5, received treatment with omalizumab for 6 - 69 months. After 12 months of treatment the effect was evaluated by means of objective parameters. RESULTS: Significant improvements were found for the @entity565 -exacerbation rate and emergency treatment as well as for most of the lung function parameters. Systemic @entity230 could be discontinued in 10 of 11 @entity1 . Asthma control has improved in all @entity1 according to the ACT. Omalizumab was well tolerated by 13 @entity1 . Adverse effects occurred in two @entity1 in the first two and after 5 months, respectively. Only in one of them omalizumab had to be discontinued after 6 months due to the development of serum disease. CONCLUSIONS: Omalizumab can be considered a valuable add-on therapy in adolescent @entity1 with severe @entity56 that is inadequately controlled despite GINA step 5 treatment. A significant effect on clinical and functional parameters was shown over 12 months.

title: [Omalizumab therapy in adolescents with severe XXXX - results of a post-marketing surveillance].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Major earthquakes are followed by a substantial number of @entity6717 and pigment-induced @entity810 ( @entity810 ). The natural evolution of this problem rapidly leads to @entity204 . Today's possibilities of dialysis therapy enable saving numerous lives that otherwise would be lost. Currently, the primary problem is organizational, if huge catastrophes occur and complex therapeutic options need to be offered to a large number of victims. METHODS: Following the 1988 Spitak earthquake in Armenia, the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) established the Renal Disaster Relief Task Force (RDRTF) in order to anticipate organizational problems related to renal care in the aftermath of large natural and @entity1 -made catastrophes. The proposed concept was one of a dialysis advance team, which would assess the needs and possibilities of dialysis treatment, to be followed by supportive manpower and supplies. This article describes the organizational aspects of a rescue action that was undertaken following the Marmara earthquake, which occurred on August 17th, 1999, in northwestern @entity233 . In conjunction with M  decins Sans Fronti  res, a team landed at Istanbul Airport less than 22 hours after the disaster, and logistic and material support as well as manpower were provided over a period of approximately one month. Specific attention was paid to the choice of the renal replacement therapy, the transport of victims and materials, the implementation of preventive rehydration, and the problem of @entity177 @entity1 dialyzed in the damaged area. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate how previously anticipated international support may offer moral, financial, as well as logistical help to local nephrological communities confronted with serious disasters.

title: Intervention of the Renal Disaster Relief Task Force in the 1999 Marmara, XXXX earthquake.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity6717 :: ('MESH:D003444', 'Disease') :: ['crush syndromes']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARFs', 'acute renal failures']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: To maximize herbage DMI, pregrazing sward surface height (SSH) and level of @entity17823 ( @entity17823 ) must be such that variables determining short-term herbage intake such as bite mass (BM) and bite rate (BR) are optimized. The objective of this study was to determine a SSH target and the level of @entity17823 as a proportion of the SSH that optimizes BM and BR of beef heifers grazing @entity1101 swards. Two experiments were conducted using 2 @entity1101 swards and 4 beef heifers (25 mo old; 322 kg BW). Experiment 1 compared the effect of 6 pregrazing SSH, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 cm, on BM, BR, and @entity89 . Experiment 2 assessed the effect of @entity17823 level as a proportion of SSH (0.17, 0.34, 0.50, 0.67 and 0.84) on BM, BR, and @entity89 using the optimal pregrazing SSH defined in Exp. 1. Short-term herbage DMI was estimated using a double-weighing technique and corrected for insensible BW loss. Herbage DMI was subsequently used to calculate the BM. Net eating time and @entity89 for apprehension and manipulation + mastication during grazing as well as @entity89 were determined using the IGER (Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research) behavior recorders. Bite rate and the number of @entity89 per gram herbage DMI were derived from jaw movement count and measurements of herbage DMI. The results of Exp. 1 showed low and high SSH constraint the ease of herbage harvesting. Greater BM are maintained until a SSH of 50 cm is reached (P < 0.05) and then decline at greater SSH due to herbage dispersion. The nonbiting jaw movement rate increased at greater SSH whereas BR decreased (P < 0.05). For both variables, the turning point was close to a SSH of 50 cm. Experiment 2 showed that such an optimization of BM and BR was maintained until an @entity17823 level of 0.34 was reached (P < 0.05). There was a linear increase in both the @entity89 per unit herbage DMI and the nonbiting @entity89 rate (manipulation + mastication) subsequent to levels of @entity17823 greater than 0.34 (P < 0.05). These studies provide, for the first time, sward feature targets to manage grazing and optimize BM and BR, aiming to maximize the short-term herbage DMI of @entity291 grazing @entity1101 swards.

title: Effect of sward surface height and level of XXXX on bite features of @entity291 grazing @entity1101 swards.

entities_list: @entity1101 :: ('4558', 'Species') :: ['Sorghum bicolor', 'S. bicolor']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw movements', 'total jaw movements']

entities_list: @entity17823 :: ('MESH:C537477', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'herbage depletion']

answer: @entity17823 :: (MESH:C537477,Disease) :: ['herbage depletion']


abstract: This study investigated whether @entity14636 - @entity4458 (L) interactions are important in mediating ionizing radiation-induced @entity358 . Radiotherapy is a key component in the management of @entity5 and is a conditioning regimen for bone marrow transplantation. Unfortunately, radiation therapy is particularly toxic to the lung, potentially inducing a fatal @entity55 and @entity82 , thus limiting its effectiveness. There are no therapies that protect against the development of radiation-induced @entity358 . Using a @entity19 model of radiation-induced @entity358 , a monoclonal anti- @entity4458 antibody ( @entity15594 ) that disrupts @entity14636 - @entity4458 interactions was tested for the ability to reduce @entity651 . C57BL/6 @entity19 were pretreated with either nothing, @entity15594 , or hamster IgG 24 h prior to a single dose of 15 Gray ionizing radiation to the thorax. During the following 26 weeks, @entity19 continued to receive @entity15594 or hamster IgG twice per week. @entity15594 protected against @entity204 from @entity1207 and @entity82 and dramatically reduced lung pathology as evidenced by a limited influx of inflammatory cells, minimal collagen deposition, and septal thickening. @entity15594 also prevented radiation-induced @entity358 and blunted expression of @entity1996 , a proinflammatory enzyme responsible for @entity3009 synthesis. Disruption of @entity14636 - @entity4458 interactions may offer a new mode of intervention to protect against radiation-induced @entity358 .

title: Blockade of XXXX - @entity14636 ligand interactions protects against radiation-induced @entity55 and @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity', 'pulmonary mastocytosis', 'lung toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['radiation pneumonitis']

answer: @entity14636 :: (21939(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD40']


abstract: Epigenetic mechanisms in @entity105 may have a significant role in the development of @entity14 . To investigate this phenomenon in early-stage disease, promoter methylation status in the @entity5 suppressor genes @entity1412 , @entity8724 , @entity6756 , @entity986 / @entity986 , and @entity986 / @entity986 was investigated in 78 @entity2513 . These had previously been characterized for mutations of @entity1412 , @entity984 , and @entity876 genes and for @entity2008 by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). @entity1412 was seen in 52 @entity5 (66.7%). @entity1412 showed either methylation or mutation in 66 lesions (84.6%), but these events were not statistically associated. @entity8724 methylation was detected in 39 cases (50%). @entity652 with this abnormality showed a significantly lower number of chromosomal changes by CGH (p < 0.02), confirming that DNA repair defect of this type is associated with a lower level of chromosomal instability. An @entity6756 methylation defect was seen in only one @entity652 (1.3%), from a @entity1 who had a @entity5 showing the same defect. Methylation of @entity986 ( @entity986 ) was seen in 31 @entity652 (39.7%) and @entity986 ( @entity986 ) abnormality in 25 (32.1%). DNA methylation at two or more loci was seen in 46 @entity5 (59%), while 11 lesions (14.1%) showed no evidence of hypermethylation at any of the loci studied. Methylation at any or all of @entity8724 , @entity986 or @entity986 was significantly associated with @entity1412 methylation (p = 0.01). Those @entity5 with more than two methylated genes showed significantly fewer @entity652 with one or no methylated loci (p < 0.001). There was no association between specific individual chromosomal abnormalities, @entity1412 , @entity984 or @entity876 mutations and any pattern of methylation abnormality. We conclude that methylation abnormality is very common in pre-invasive @entity14 , and that high level methylation is associated with low level chromosomal instability.

title: Relationship between point gene mutation, @entity2008 , and @entity5 suppressor gene methylation status in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities than adenomas', 'adenomas', 'adenoma', 'Adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumour', 'tumours', 'synchronous cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['APC hypermethylation', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: The decline of @entity4715 population can be attributed to many factors such as pollution by xenobiotics present in domestic and industrial effluents. @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) is a ubiquitous compound of a particular concern in Europe. @entity14912 can reach high concentrations in tissues of organisms and many toxic effects have been reported in fish. This study aimed at evaluating the toxicological effects of @entity14912 in @entity4715 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at the protein expression level. To identify proteins whose expression was modified by @entity14912 , we performed a proteomic analysis on the post-nuclear fraction of PBMCs after a chronic exposure (28 days) of yellow eels to zero, 1 or 10  g/L @entity14912 . This in vivo study was completed by a proteomic field study on eels sampled in Belgian rivers presenting different @entity14912 pollution degrees. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to compare the post-nuclear fraction of PBMCs from the reference group with cells from fish exposed to the pollutant of interest. On the 28 spots that were significantly (p < 0.05; ANOVA followed by a Dunnett post-hoc test) affected by @entity14912 in the in vivo experiment, a total of 17 different proteins were identified using nano-LC ESI-MS/MS and the Peptide and Protein Prophet of Scaffold software. In the field experiment, 18 significantly (p < 0.05; ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test) affected spots conducted to the identification of 16 different proteins. Interestingly, only three proteins were found in common between in vivo and in situ experiments: plastin-2, alpha-enolase and @entity16335 dehydrogenase. Comparing the results with a previous study, plastin-2 and alpha-enolase were also been found to be affected after in vitro exposure of PBMCs during 48 h to either 10  g or 1 mg @entity14912 /L. Potential use of these proteins as biomarkers of @entity14912 exposure in @entity4715 could indicate early warning signals.

title: Looking for protein expression signatures in XXXX peripheral blood mononuclear cells after in vivo exposure to @entity14911 and a real world field study.

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['Perfluorooctane sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity4715 :: ('7936', 'Species') :: ['European eel']

entities_list: @entity16335 :: ('MESH:D005986', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate']

answer: @entity4715 :: (7936,Species) :: ['European eel']


abstract: @entity1434 / @entity2227 transporter, designated as system x(-)(c), mediates @entity1434 entry in exchange for intracellular @entity2227 in @entity1 cells. This transporter consists of two protein components, @entity20568 and 4F2 heavy chain, and the former is predicted to mediate the transport activity. This transporter plays a pivotal role for maintaining the intracellular @entity2197 levels and extracellular @entity1434 / @entity462 redox balance in cultured cells. To clarify the physiological roles of this transporter in vivo, we generated and characterized @entity19 lacking @entity20568 . The @entity20568 (-/-) @entity19 were healthy in appearance and fertile. However, @entity1434 concentration in plasma was significantly higher in these @entity19 , compared with that in the littermate @entity20568 (-/-) @entity19 , while there was no significant difference in plasma @entity462 concentration. Plasma @entity2197 level in @entity20568 (-/-) @entity19 was lower than that in the @entity20568 (-/-) @entity19 . The embryonic fibroblasts derived from @entity20568 (-/-) @entity19 failed to survive in routine culture medium, and @entity6514 was required for survival and growth. When @entity6514 was removed from the culture medium, @entity462 and @entity2197 in these cells dramatically decreased, and cells started to die within 24 h. @entity898 also rescued @entity20568 (-/-)-derived cells and permitted growth. These results demonstrate that system x(-)(c) contributes to maintaining the plasma redox balance in vivo but is dispensable in @entity1 development, although it is vitally important to cells in vitro.

title: Redox imbalance in XXXX / @entity2227 transporter-deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Acetyl cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1434 :: ('MESH:D003553', 'Chemical') :: ['Cystine', 'cystine']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-mercaptoethanol']

answer: @entity1434 :: (MESH:D003553,Chemical) :: ['cystine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) for @entity1 with @entity356 and to compare effects between different regimens of IPC. METHOD: Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of surgery plus intraperitoneal chemotherapy with surgery alone or comparing the efficacy between different regimens of intraperitoneal chemotherapy were searched for in Medline, Embase, Pubmed, the Cochrane Library and the Chinese BioMedical Disc and so on by two independent reviewers. After quality assessment and data extraction, data were pooled for meta-analysis using RevMan5.16 software. Tests of interaction were used to test for differences of effects among subgroups grouped according to different IPC regimens. RESULTS: Fifteen RCTs with a total of 1713 @entity1 with @entity356 were included for quality assessment and data extraction. Ten studies were judged to be of fair quality and entered into meta-analysis. Hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HR=0.60, P<0.01), hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy plus postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HR=0.47, P<0.01) and normothermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HR=0.70, P=0.01) were associated with a significant improvement in overall survival. Tests of interaction showed that @entity221 and additional postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy did not impact on its effect. Further analysis revealed that intraperitoneal chemotherapy remarkably decrease the rate of postoperative hepatic @entity3 by 73% (OR=0.27, 95% CI=0.12 to 0.67, P<0.01). However, intraperitoneal chemotherapy increased risks of @entity308 (OR=5.74, P<0.01), @entity221 (OR=3.67, P=0.02) and @entity6177 (OR=3.57, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The present meta-analysis demonstrates that hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy and normothermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy should be recommended to treat @entity1 with @entity356 because of improvement in overall survival. However, it is noteworthy that intraperitoneal chemotherapy can increase the risks of @entity308 , @entity6177 , and @entity221 .

title: Comparison different methods of intraoperative and intraperitoneal chemotherapy for @entity1 with XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['marrow depression']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess', 'intra-abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'fever']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The occurrence of @entity130 as an isolated occurrence or in association with @entity130 after blunt @entity764 has not been emphasized in the literature. The imaging evaluation is also controversial. METHODS: We reviewed thoracic aortograms of 166 @entity1 examined at our institution from May 1995 to May 1999 performed after blunt @entity130 . We evaluated the aortograms for aortic and arch branch vessel injuries. Twenty-four injuries were detected and all @entity1 had either a wide mediastinum demonstrated on plain radiographs (22 @entity1 ) or mechanism of @entity130 . RESULTS: Of the 166 @entity1 , 24 (14%; 16 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ; mean age, 50 years) had aortic or arch branch vessel injuries. Isolated @entity130 occurred in 15 (9%) of 166 @entity1 . @entity130 occurred in 9 (5%) of 166 @entity1 ; seven @entity1 (10 branch vessels) had isolated @entity130 and two @entity1 (three branch vessels) had @entity130 associated with @entity130 . The injured branch vessels were brachiocephalic artery (four), left common carotid artery (four), left subclavian artery (three), right internal mammary artery (one), and left vertebral artery (one). The types of branch vessel injuries included intimal tears (nine vessels; 69%), and transection causing a @entity2849 (four vessels; 31%). Revised @entity130 Scores in @entity1 with branch vessel injuries were 12 in seven @entity1 and 11 and 4 in one each. CONCLUSION: We emphasize the angiographic findings in these @entity1 that can at times be quite subtle. Awareness of the incidence of such injuries either in isolation or associated with @entity130 has implications regarding evaluation of this @entity1 population with less invasive techniques such as CT or transesophageal echocardiography.

title: Role of angiography in the detection of aortic XXXX after blunt @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch branch vessel injury', 'aortic injury', 'Branch vessel injury', 'Trauma', 'injury conducive to aortic injury', 'branch vessel injury', 'thoracic trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['branch vessel injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent efforts to increase CRT response by multiSPOT pacing (MSP) from multiple bipols on the same left ventricular lead are still inconclusive. AIM: The Left Ventricular (LV) MultiSPOTpacing for CRT (iSPOT) study compared the acute hemodynamic response of MSP pacing by using 3 electrodes on a @entity16922 compared with conventional biventricular pacing ( @entity3032 ). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity714 ( @entity714 ) underwent an acute hemodynamic study to determine the %change in LV+dP/dtmax from baseline atrial pacing compared to the following configurations: @entity3032 pacing with the LV lead in a one of lateral veins, while pacing from the distal, mid, or proximal electrode and all 3 electrodes together (i.e. MSP). All measurements were repeated 4 times at 5 different @entity713 . We also measured QRS-width and individual Q-LV durations. RESULTS: Protocol was completed in 24 @entity1 , all with @entity714 (QRS width 171  20 ms) and 58% ischemic aetiology. The percentage change in LV+dP/dtmax for MSP pacing was 31.0  3.3% (Mean  SE), which was not significantly superior to any @entity3032 pacing configuration: 28.9  3.2% (LV-distal), 28.3  2.7% (LV-mid), and 29.5  3.0% (LV-prox), respectively. Correlation between LV+dP/dtmax and either QRS-width or Q-LV ratio was poor. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity714 MultiSPOT LV pacing demonstrated comparable improvement in contractility to best conventional @entity3032 pacing. Optimization of @entity713 is important for the best performance for both @entity3032 and MultiSPOT pacing configurations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NTC01883141.

title: In Heart Failure XXXX with Left Bundle Branch Block Single Lead MultiSpot Left Ventricular Pacing Does Not Improve Acute Hemodynamic Response To Conventional Biventricular Pacing. A Multicenter Prospective, Interventional, Non-Randomized Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block', 'LBBB']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular delays', 'atrioventricular delay']

entities_list: @entity16922 :: ('MESH:D020265', 'Disease') :: ['quadripolar lead']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity2679 is one of the most common @entity344 . Inflammation induces the activation of proteases that can signal to cells by cleaving protease-activated receptors (PARs) to induce hemostasis, @entity32 , @entity158 , and repair. However, the distribution of PARs in the gallbladder is unknown, and their effects on gallbladder function have not been fully investigated. We localized immunoreactive @entity14604 ) and @entity14655 ) to the epithelium, muscle, and serosa of @entity19 gallbladder. mRNA transcripts corresponding to @entity14604 and @entity14655 ), but not @entity21784 , were detected by RT-PCR and sequencing. Addition of thrombin and a @entity14604 )-selective activating peptide (TFLLRN- @entity2733 ) to the serosal surface of @entity19 gallbladder mounted in an Ussing chamber stimulated an increase in short-circuit current in wild-type but not @entity14604 ) knockout @entity19 . Similarly, serosally applied trypsin and @entity14655 ) activating peptide (SLIGRL-NH(2)) increased short-circuit current in wild-type but not @entity14655 ) knockout @entity19 . Proteases and activating peptides strongly inhibited electrogenic responses to subsequent stimulation with the same agonist, indicating homologous desensitization. Removal of @entity3157 ions from the serosal buffer reduced responses to thrombin and trypsin by >80%. Agonists of @entity14604 and @entity14655 ) increase intracellular @entity141 concentration in isolated and cultured gallbladder epithelial cells. The @entity10178 inhibitor @entity9213 and an inhibitor of @entity14707 prevented the stimulatory effect of @entity14604 but not @entity14655 ). Thus @entity14604 ) and @entity14655 ) are expressed in the epithelium of the @entity19 gallbladder, and serosally applied proteases cause a @entity3157 secretion. The effects of @entity14604 but not @entity14655 ) depend on generation of @entity2918 and activation of @entity14707 . These mechanisms may markedly influence fluid and electrolyte secretion of the inflamed gallbladder when multiple proteases are generated.

title: Agonists of protease-activated receptors 1 and 2 stimulate electrolyte secretion from XXXX gallbladder.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['Cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity9213 :: ('MESH:C065757', 'Chemical') :: ['meloxicam']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1642 has been related to @entity1 negative affect. However, it is still unclear how different sources of maternal prenatal stress such as @entity308 , @entity148 and pregnancy-specific @entity148 are associated with reactivity outcomes. This study aimed to test the associations between different sources of maternal prenatal stress and the aspects of @entity1 emotional reactivity at six months. METHOD: Our study population (n=282) was drawn from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Prenatal stress was measured by questionnaires on maternal @entity308 , general @entity148 and pregnancy-specific @entity148 at three time points across pregnancy (gwk 14, 24, 34). Based on the symptom scores, the sample was divided into mothers with high stress during pregnancy (n=110) and mothers with low stress during pregnancy (n=172). Mother-reported @entity1 emotional reactivity and its subscales were measured six months postpartum. RESULTS: After controlling for background variables and maternal postnatal symptoms, overall negative emotional reactivity (b=0.20, p<0.01), and its aspects fearfulness (b=0.15, p=.057) and falling reactivity (b=-0.22, p<0.01), were predicted by only pregnancy-specific @entity148 . No significant predictors were found for @entity1 positive reactivity after adjusting for confounders. LIMITATIONS: Mother reports of both maternal symptoms and @entity1 reactivity were used, which might increase the risk of reporting bias. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that mothers experiencing stress should be provided intervention during pregnancy, and that screening should have a particular focus on pregnancy-related worries.

title: @entity1642 and XXXX emotional reactivity six months postpartum.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal prenatal stress']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: The present study was carried out in an homogenous group of 49 untreated @entity101 @entity1 , all aged 45 years. Diastolic blood pressure was equal to or greater than 110 mmHg in successive measurements; eleven @entity1 were classified as WHO group II, and the others as WHO group I. An initial placebo period of 3 weeks was followed by @entity10640 medication with a good response in 6 @entity1 . The remaining @entity1 were given either @entity1338 or @entity6310 , and by adjustment of the dose a good response was obtained in 31 @entity1 . In these cases the treatment was exchanged after 6 weeks. The antihypertensive effect of relatively small doses of @entity1338 was equal to that of @entity6310 . Since completion of the study @entity6310 has been withdrawn because of the emergence of long term toxic effects. In 12 cases, @entity2514 had to be added to obtain a satisfactory response. Mild side-effects were common, especially at the beginning of @entity1338 treatment, but they did not necessitate discontinuation of treatment. Further comparative studies of @entity1338 and beta-blockers should be carried out and more experience with the combination of @entity1338 and vasodilators in the treatment of @entity101 is necessary.

title: Treatment of @entity101 successively with a diuretic, @entity1338 or a beta-blocking agent and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity6310 :: ('MESH:D011217', 'Chemical') :: ['practolol']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity10640 :: ('MESH:C004639', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclothiazide']

answer: @entity2514 :: (MESH:D006830,Chemical) :: ['hydralazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the incidence, clinical and histopathological manifestations, surgical complications, and prognostic factors of @entity259 in the east Madrid population. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 141 consecutive diagnosed of @entity259 in our area between 1985 and 2001. Median follow-up was 4,5 years. RESULTS: The annual incidence rate was 4.74/100,000 inhabitants and the female:male proportion 3.5:1. The average age of @entity1 at diagnosis was 44.5 years and @entity8170 was the principal type of clinical presentation (74.5%). The most frequent histological variant was @entity3557 (69%). Total thyroidectomy was carried out in 86% @entity1 . 9.6% @entity1 suffered permanent @entity261 and 3.3% paralysis of recurrent laryngeal nerve. Radioactive @entity1496 ablation of remaining thyroid was carried out in 91 @entity1 . @entity66 or local recurrence was observed on follow-up in 21% of @entity1 , and @entity3 at a distant site in 9%. 7.9% died along follow-up. The principal prognostic factors for @entity3 or @entity204 were age, histological type, @entity5 size, local invasion and existence of @entity3 at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity259 in our population was high, especially in @entity1 . Although the proportion of postsurgical complications was elevated, global prognosis is good and some factors related to it have been identified. Increase of @entity3745 plasma level at follow-up is a good recurrence indicator of the disease, especially with regard to distant metastases.

title: [Epidemiological and clinicopathological study of XXXX in east Madrid].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Residual disease']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Choledochoduodenostomy is indicated for unsolved @entity2877 and biliary malignant or benign stenosis. This surgical procedure has been feared for its potential complications. This article shows our initial experience with this laparo-endoscopic approach. METHODS: We performed laparoscopic choledochoduodenoastomy in seven elderly @entity1 with recurrent or unsolved @entity2877 . Additionally, laparo-endoscopic extraction of @entity5990 was performed in necessary cases. We gathered and analyzed the demographic data, diagnostic proofs and follow up of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Average age of @entity1 was 71 years, with 57.1% of @entity1 in our population. Main omorbidities of our @entity1 included @entity28 in 71.4%, @entity6 in 57.4%, and arterial @entity101 in 42.85%. @entity1 had in average 2.7 previous episodes of @entity2877 and/or @entity255 and the average diameter of the removed stones was 22.6 mm. Average follow-up was 155 days (range 28 to 420). DISCUSSION: Laparoscopic chooledochoduodenostomy has proved to be safe, effective and be superior to open surgery, as long as an appropriate selection of @entity1 is performed and surgeons with experience on laparoscopic techniques are available. All these factors reduce the long-term complications with which this surgical procedure has been related. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic choledochoduodenostomy is an option for the definitive surgical treatment of "difficult @entity2877 " in elderly @entity1 with multiple comorbidities; it also offers the advantages of the minimally invasive approaches.

title: [Laparoscopic choledochoduodenostomy as an optional treatment XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus type 2']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['choledocholithiasis']


abstract: Microcinephotography was used to study early heart development in @entity1573 embryos with ablations of the neural crest known to result in persistent truncus arteriosus with associated @entity6127 . The premigratory neural crest destined for the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches and the aorticopulmonary septum were ablated. When the embryos reached the looped cardiac tube stage (stage 18), 15 experimental and 15 control embryos were filmed at 100 frames/s under controlled environmental conditions. End-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions were determined for the conotruncus and presumptive right ventricle that together compose the @entity34926 . The results showed that the shortening fractions and ejection fractions were significantly depressed in the experimental embryos. The experimental embryos exhibited dilation and decreased emptying of the ventricle. There was no difference in heart rate or @entity64 volume between the control and experimental embryos. Thus, the calculated cardiac output was the same in the control and experimental groups. It appeared that the experimental embryos compensated for decreased contractility by @entity2554 . These functional compensations in very early cardiac development may play an etiologic role in the subsequent development of structural @entity299 .

title: Hemodynamic changes and compensatory mechanisms during early cardiogenesis after neural crest ablation in XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity34926 :: ('MESH:D054083', 'Disease') :: ['bulbus cordis']

entities_list: @entity6127 :: ('MESH:D007569', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch anomalies']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: @entity31024 is a very rare form of @entity4752 resulting from impaired neutrophil releasing mechanism in the bone marrow. The recombinant @entity1 granulocyte-macrophage (molgramostim) and granulocyte (filgrastim, lenograstim) colony stimulating factors release the mature granulocytes from the bone marrow. We describe a 43-year-old @entity1 suffering from @entity31024 , with the absolute neutrophil count ranging between 0.03 and 1.35 x 10(9)/L. In the period before the introduction of cytokines, the @entity1 had more than 80 major @entity166 episodes. Since 1991, infections in this @entity1 have been treated with cytokines, given in conjunction with antibiotics. Initially, she received molgramostim in a daily dose of 5 microg/kg subcutaneously, which stimulated the release of granulocytes from her bone marrow, thereby allowing successful treatment of @entity281 . After the development of @entity56 , molgramostim was substituted with filgrastim. Finally, lenograstim was given a trial. With all three cytokines, the @entity1 's neutrophil count always attained normal values already 4 hours after subcutaneous application of the drug in a dose of 5 microg/kg, the highest neutrophil levels were measured at 24 hours post-injection, and the neutrophil count was again close to the baseline value 72 hours after the treatment. A slight @entity1398 was present 48 hours after the application of filgrastim. We believe that all three cytokines are equally effective in increasing the neutrophil count in venous blood of @entity1 with @entity31024 .

title: Effects of molgramostim, filgrastim and lenograstim in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4752 :: ('MESH:C535815', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hereditary neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity31024 :: ('MESH:C536697', 'Disease') :: ['Myelokathexis', 'myelokathexis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity31024 :: (MESH:C536697,Disease) :: ['myelokathexis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform a stratified risk analysis in @entity296 ( @entity296 ). METHODS: 814 @entity1 were prospectively studied by applying two prognostic indexes (PI): Parsonnet and Modified Higgins. The Higgins PI was modified by substituting the variable "cardiac index value" by " @entity998 " at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. The discriminatory capacity for morbimortality of both indexes was analyzed by ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve. Logistic reaction identified the associated factors, independently from the events. RESULTS: Mortality and morbidity rates were 5.9% and 35.5%, respectively. The Modified Higgins PI, which analyzes pre- and intra-operative and physiological variables at the ICU admission showed areas under the ROC curve of 77% for mortality and 67% for morbidity. The Parsonnet PI, which only analyzes pre-operative variables, showed areas of 62.2% and 62.4%, respectively. Twelve variables were characterized as independent prognostic factors: age, @entity6 , low body surface, @entity1011 levels (>1.5 mg/dL), @entity4988 , non-elective surgery, prolonged time of extracorporeal circulation (ECC), necessity of post-ECC intra-aortic balloon, @entity998 at the ICU admission, elevated cardiac frequency, decrease in serum @entity3157 concentrations and increase of the alveolar-arterial @entity26 gradient within this period. CONCLUSION: The Modified Higgins PI showed to be superior to the Parsonnet PI at the surgical risk stratification, showing the importance of the analysis of intraoperative events and physiological variables at the @entity1 's ICU admission, when prognostic definition is achieved.

title: [Prospective risk analysis in XXXX submitted to myocardial revascularization surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Revascularization Surgery', 'MRS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The number of @entity1 with normal hearing thresholds seeking medical help for @entity392 and other hearing problems is increasing. For diagnostic purposes, existence/nonexistence of lesions or combinations of lesions in the inner ear not reflected in the audiogram was evaluated with advanced hearing tests applied to @entity392 @entity1 with certain backgrounds, including noise exposure. For forty-six @entity1 with pronounced @entity392 , and other symptoms, tentative diagnoses were established, including judgments of the influence of four causative factors: (1) @entity13378 , (2) music, (3) suspected hereditary, and (4) nonauditory, for example, stress or muscular @entity2701 . They were analyzed with a test battery sensitive to lesions involving the outer hair cells, damage from impulse noise, and dysfunction of the efferent system. There were significant differences in test results between groups with individuals with the same most likely causative factor. Most @entity1 claiming @entity13378 had a specific type of result, 'hyper-PMTF' (psychoacoustical modulation transfer function), and abnormal test results of the efferent system. Everyone in the hereditary group had dysfunction of the efferent system. All @entity1 working with music, except one, had some abnormality, but without specific pattern. The nonauditory group mostly had normal test results. The investigation shows that it is possible to diagnose @entity18129 as well as dysfunction of the efferent system, which might be causing the @entity392 . Those abnormalities could not be detected with routine audiological tests. Malfunctioning caused by impulse noise is an obvious example of this. These findings facilitate choice of treatment, rehabilitation programs, and medicolegal decisions.

title: Noise-induced XXXX : a comparison between four clinical groups without apparent hearing loss.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity18129 :: ('MESH:D015834', 'Disease') :: ['minor cochlear lesions']

entities_list: @entity13378 :: ('MESH:D006317', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic trauma']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Concentration disturbances are frequent in @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ). In a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study, @entity2727 over 4  weeks was superior to placebo in the relief of @entity1295 and concentration disturbance. This observational study describes the effect of long-term @entity2727 intake on @entity1295 , concentration, and daily life activities, as reported by the @entity1 themselves. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all @entity5815 @entity1 who were prescribed @entity2727 at the general internal medicine department of a university hospital between August 2004 and February 2007, for possible improvement of concentration difficulties and @entity1295 . RESULTS: Out of 194 consecutive @entity1 , 149 (76.8%) sent the questionnaire back. At the time of the questionnaire, 65.3% had stopped the intake of @entity2727 , 34.7% still took it daily or occasionally. Among the @entity1 who continued @entity2727 , 48% reported an at least 50% improvement of @entity1295 , and 62% reported an at least 50% improvement of concentration difficulties. This continued intake of @entity2727 resulted in more working hours in these @entity1 . Side effects ( @entity2146 , palpitations, and @entity2133 ) were reported significantly more in @entity1 who had stopped @entity2727 than in those who still took it. CONCLUSION: The long-term intake of @entity2727 by @entity5815 @entity1 with concentration difficulties has a positive effect in about one out of three @entity1 .

title: Long-term XXXX intake in @entity5815 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: Idiopathic @entity1137 (IGLM), also known as idiopathic @entity10516 , is a rare chronic inflammatory lesion of the breast that can clinically and radiographically mimic @entity0 . The aim of this study was to describe the radiological imaging and clinical features of IGLM in order to better differentiate this disorder from @entity0 . We performed a retrospective analysis of the clinical and radiographic features of 11 @entity1 with a total of 12 IGLM lesions. The ages of these @entity1 ranged between 29 and 42 years, with a mean age of 34.8 years. Ten @entity1 were examined by both mammography and sonography and one by sonography alone. The sites that were the most frequently involved were the peripheral (6/12), diffuse, (3/12), and subareolar (3/12) regions of the breast. The @entity1 mammograms showed irregular ill-defined masses (7/11), diffuse increased densities (3/11), and one oval obscured mass. In addition, @entity1 sonograms showed irregular tubular lesions (7/12) or lobulated masses with minimal parenchymal distortion (2/12), parenchymal distortion without definite mass lesions (2/12), and one oval mass. Subcutaneous fat obliteration (12/12) and skin thickening (11/12) were also observed in these @entity1 . Contrary to previous reports, skin changes and subareolar involvement were not rare occurrences in IGLM. In conclusion, the sonographic features of IGLM show irregular or tubular hypoechoic masses with minimal parenchymal distortion. Both clinical information and the description of radiographic features of IGLM may aid in the differentiation between IGLM and @entity0 , however histological confirmation is still required for the proper diagnosis and @entity74 .

title: Radiologic and clinical features of idiopathic @entity1137 mimicking XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lobular mastitis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity10516 :: ('MESH:D058890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous mastitis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['treatment of the disorder']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: Free radical formation resulting in oxidative stress is a hallmark of @entity2383 . Indeed, oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be an underlying pathophysiologic process in various @entity2246 . Metabolic profiling of oxidative stress may provide a non-specific measure of disease activity that may further enable physicians to monitor disease. In the present study, we investigated two markers of oxidative damage in urinary samples from IEM subjects and controls: @entity556 @entity10329 , a measure of lipid peroxidation and @entity21614 , a measure of protein oxidation. We also determined urinary antioxidant activity in these samples. Subsets of IEM @entity1 showed significantly higher levels of the damage markers @entity10329 and @entity21614 . Of note, @entity1 with @entity74 (i.e., @entity2191 and @entity2192 ) consistently had the highest levels of oxidative damage markers. Lower urine antioxidant capacity was seen in all subject categories, particularly @entity74 and @entity19721 . Longitudinal studies in subjects with @entity6602 showed good concordance between markers of oxidative damage and acute decompensation. Overall, quantifying oxidative stress offers a unique perspective to IEM. These measures may provide a means of addressing mitochondrial function in IEM and aid in the development of therapeutic targets and clinical monitoring in this diverse set of disorders.

title: Profiling of oxidative stress in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10329 :: ('MESH:D028421', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprostanes']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cobalamin disorders']

entities_list: @entity21614 :: ('CHEBI:50607', 'Chemical') :: ['di-tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity19721 :: ('MESH:D056693', 'Disease') :: ['propionic acidemia']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn errors of metabolism']

answer: @entity2246 :: (MESH:D008661,Disease) :: ['inborn errors of metabolism']


abstract: The state of cellular senescence is characterised by an irreversible arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. It has previously been shown that three cell cycle genes, @entity7596 , cyclin B and @entity10610 , are not expressed in senescent @entity1 fibroblasts. All three gene products have functions after S-phase entry, so that their suppression cannot explain the irreversible G1 arrest. Here, we report that the abundance of transcripts from two other cell cycle genes, @entity15308 and @entity8985 , thought to act during G1-->S progression, is significantly diminished in senescent cells of the diploid @entity1 fibroblast line WI-38. Surprisingly, two other cyclins, @entity12840 , behave in a completely different way, in that their expression is elevated in senescent cells, especially under conditions of serum starvation. Both the synthesis and the steady-state level of @entity4910 protein were also found to be markedly higher in senescent cells (3- to 6-fold). @entity4910 are thus the first genes shown to be overexpressed or deregulated in senescent cells. It is tempting to speculate that this deregulation may be due to the absence, in senescent cells, of a regulatory loop that would normally control their expression. This is supported by our finding that cyclin E-associated kinase activity in senescent cells is reduced approx. 14-fold. Our data also suggest that the deregulated expression of @entity4910 and E is not sufficient to drive senescent cells into DNA replication.

title: Deregulation of cyclins @entity12840 and suppression of @entity15308 and XXXX in senescent @entity1 fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity4910 :: ('595', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin D1', 'Cyclins D1 and E']

answer: @entity8985 :: (1019,Gene) :: ['cdk4']


abstract: In the last two decades, important advances have been made in the biology, natural history, and prognosis of @entity1072 ( @entity6444 ). In addition, treatment possibilities for @entity1 with @entity6444 have changed as a result of the identification of prognostic factors for survival and the availability of new drugs and treatment strategies. @entity1 in the early clinical stages (Binet A, Rai 0) with stable disease have a probability of long survival and should not be treated unless the disease progresses. In contrast, most @entity1 with poor prognostic features, such as an advanced clinical stage (Binet B, C; Rai III, IV), diffuse bone-marrow infiltration or rapidly increasing blood lymphocyte levels, have a median survival probability of < 5 years and require therapy. @entity10043 analogues are highly effective. Among these, @entity3118 has become the treatment of choice for @entity1 failing standard therapies. The role of @entity10043 analogues either alone or in combination with other drugs as front-line therapy is being investigated. Certain situations (e.g. @entity792 , @entity6118 ) require special treatment approaches (e.g. corticosteroids, splenectomy). Transplants of progenitor haematopoietic cells are also increasingly performed and deserve further investigation in younger @entity1 with poor prognostic features. As a result of these advances, symptoms palliation is no longer the only possible goal in @entity6444 therapy; sustained remissions and even cures are likely to be obtained in the near future.

title: Treatment of XXXX : current status and future perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10043 :: ('MESH:C030985', 'Chemical') :: ['Purine', 'purine']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune cytopenias']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']


abstract: The so-called @entity1848 is a rare entity caused by lesions of the ulnar artery secondary to repetitive @entity130 to the hypothenar eminence, typically found in @entity1 working with vibrating tools. Its clinical symptoms are @entity158 , @entity2693 and whitening of the smitten fingers, sometimes in combination with @entity2407 . Angiographic evaluation of the smitten forearm and hand reveals occlusions, kinking, @entity2553 and stenoses of the arteries in the hand and fingers. An @entity438 causing the @entity1848 is an even more rare morphological finding. The difficult aspect of treating a @entity1848 is to reopen the occluded vessels. Eventually, circulation deteriorates and @entity272 of the fingers may occur. The advantage of an isolated @entity438 is that normal circulation can be restored by vascular surgery, for example, with a vessel interponate. Surgical removal of the @entity439 helps to prevent microembolism to the distal arteries and consequent deterioration of peripheral circulation. We report a young @entity1 who presented with clinical symptoms of the @entity1848 and an @entity439 of the distal ulnar artery, diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography. The only likely cause of the @entity439 was a bicycle accident some months prior to the occurrence of the @entity439 . The @entity1 underwent vascular surgery and has been free of symptoms during six months of follow-up. A control magnetic resonance angiography performed one month after surgery revealed a normal vascular morphology.

title: XXXX caused by posttraumatic @entity438 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm of the ulnar artery']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'isolated aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1848 :: ('MESH:D037801', 'Disease') :: ['hypothenar hammer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1848 :: (MESH:D037801,Disease) :: ['Hypothenar hammer syndrome']


abstract: CONTEXT: Interstitial @entity1161 (implant) therapy is used to treat clinically localized @entity263 , but how it compares with other treatments is not known. OBJECTIVE: To estimate control of @entity1486 (PSA) after radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ), or implant with or without neoadjuvant @entity342 deprivation therapy in @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of outcome data compared using Cox regression multivariable analyses. SETTING AND @entity1 : A total of 1872 @entity1 treated between January 1989 and October 1997 with an RP (n = 888) or implant with or without neoadjuvant @entity342 deprivation therapy (n = 218) at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, or @entity1161 (n = 766) at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, Mass, were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Actuarial freedom from PSA failure (defined as PSA outcome). RESULTS: The relative risk (RR) of PSA failure in low-risk @entity1 (stage T1c, T2a and PSA level < or =10 ng/mL and Gleason score < or =6) treated using @entity1161 , implant plus @entity342 deprivation therapy, or implant therapy was 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-2.7), 0.5 (95% CI, 0.1-1.9), and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.3-3.6), respectively, compared with those @entity1 treated with RP. The RRs of PSA failure in the intermediate-risk @entity1 (stage T2b or Gleason score of 7 or PSA level >10 and < or =20 ng/mL) and high-risk @entity1 (stage T2c or PSA level >20 ng/mL or Gleason score > or =8) treated with implant compared with RP were 3.1 (95% CI, 1.5-6.1) and 3.0 (95% CI, 1.8-5.0), respectively. The addition of @entity342 deprivation to implant therapy did not improve PSA outcome in high-risk @entity1 but resulted in a PSA outcome that was not statistically different compared with the results obtained using RP or @entity1161 in intermediate-risk @entity1 . These results were unchanged when @entity1 were stratified using the traditional rankings of biopsy Gleason scores of 2 through 4 vs 5 through 6 vs 7 vs 8 through 10. CONCLUSIONS: Low-risk @entity1 had estimates of 5-year PSA outcome after treatment with RP, @entity1161 , or implant with or without neoadjuvant @entity342 deprivation that were not statistically different, whereas intermediate- and high-risk @entity1 treated with RP or @entity1161 did better then those treated by implant. Prospective randomized trials are needed to verify these findings.

title: Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam @entity1161 therapy, or interstitial XXXX therapy for clinically localized @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) have been implicated in the immense invasive potential and neovascularization of primary @entity1313 . We investigated the gene expression profiles of MMPs 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16 and of @entity46095 in various primary @entity1313 ( @entity816 WHO grade I-III, @entity463 , @entity6196 , @entity424 III and @entity816 ) using novel RNase protection assay probe sets. In addition, we determined the level and cellular source of gelatinolytic activity and localized gelatinase B and @entity2843 RNA. Distinct expression patterns of the MMP and TIMP genes were found in the various @entity1313 tested. While the WHO grade I and II @entity5 had @entity4911 , the malignant (grade III and IV) @entity5 had ratios above 1. Strong expression of @entity2843 RNA was observed in all @entity5 and in grade I @entity816 and localized to the walls of neovessels. Quantitative analysis of enzymatic activity in the soluble fraction of protein extracts revealed that in most @entity5 gelatinases remained in the inactive pro-form. In situ zymography revealed net gelatinolytic activity in neurons of normal brain and in @entity5 cells and vessel walls of all @entity5 tested. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that gelatinase B was localized to vessel walls, to neutrophils in areas of @entity548 , and in @entity463 to macrophages. Together these data demonstrate that the different primary @entity1313 show distinct regulation of MMP and TIMP genes. The localization of the soluble gelatinase B indicates an association with neovascularization, whereas membrane-bound MMPs may account for the invasive potential of the @entity5 cells.

title: Distinct expression patterns and levels of enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'glial tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['oligoastrocytoma II', 'pilocytic astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The potential use of T-lymphocyte measurements as infection risk markers after solid organ transplant has not been fully investigated. We analyzed the kinetics of T-lymphocyte subsets within the first 8 months posttransplant and their correlation with @entity1292 ( @entity1292 ) in solid organ transplant recipients. METHODS: Serial measurement of @entity404 and @entity405 T cells was performed retrospectively in 48 heart transplant recipients (HTR) and 42 kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Generalized estimating equation models were used to analyze longitudinal data separately for HTR and KTR. RESULTS: An initial @entity404 T-cell drop (at months 1 and 2, in HTR and KTR, respectively) coincided with the peak of @entity1292 . HTR with a low nadir @entity404 T-cell count ( <= 200/ L) showed poor @entity404 T-cell recovery (175    277 cells/ L at baseline vs 242    99 cells/ L at month 8) and their @entity405 T cells increased from 153    194 cells/ L at baseline to 601    399 cells/ L at month 8. KTR with a low nadir @entity404 T-cell count ( <= 200/ L) showed a modest @entity404 T-cell recovery (138    46 cells/ L at baseline vs. 440    448 cells/ L at month 8), and their @entity405 T cells increased from 90    41 cells/ L at baseline to 450    242 cells/ L at month 8. HTR developing @entity1292 had lower @entity404 (P<0.001) and @entity405 T cells (P=0.001) than those without @entity281 , whereas in KTR the risk for @entity1292 seemed restricted to @entity1 with low @entity405 T cells. HTR with @entity1292 had a low @entity404 / @entity405 T-cell ratio, whereas KTR had a high @entity404 / @entity405 T-cell ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Determination of T-lymphocyte subsets is a simple and effective parameter to identify @entity1 at risk of developing @entity1292 .

title: Kinetics of T-lymphocyte subsets and posttransplant XXXX in heart and kidney transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['OIs', 'opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity1292 :: (MESH:D009894,Disease) :: ['opportunistic infections']


abstract: Subjective complaints or somatoform symptoms beyond the case threshold (ICD-diagnoses) occur in 12% of the normal population. In recent studies prevalence is at least 17% in primary care. Somatoform complaints (e.g. @entity10 with 38.7%) or non-specific common symptoms (e.g. feeling of inner restlessness with 41.3%) are much more widespread. Mostly, several symptoms together are forming a @entity2531 . As well known from other @entity74 , spontaneous long-term course of somatoform symptoms is variable due to the psychic co-morbidity (in particular @entity148 and @entity308 ) and a strong tendency to symptomatic shift. The long-term course of @entity73 by additional psychogenic symptoms is rather bad in @entity2531 . Clinically significant personality traits and traumatic influences during early childhood development are correlated with @entity2531 . Within the traditional role patterns of the relation between physician and @entity1 , somatoform complaints often communicate or indicate a psychodynamic conflict. In this case, a @entity5539 /psychotherapeutic approach in primary care or a specialized psychotherapy is indicated.

title: [Mood disorders. Prevalence and course of unspecified functional disorders from the epidemiologic and XXXX viewpoint].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['total impairment']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform disorders', 'multiple somatoform syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychogenic disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity5539 :: (MESH:D011602,Disease) :: ['psychosomatic']


abstract: The initial outgrowth of neurites from @entity1573 sympathetic neurons grown in vitro was investigated by time-lapse microscopy with laser-scanning and conventional light microscopes. Video-enhanced contrast, differential interference contrast optics (VECDIC) were used to monitor movements of neuronal cytoplasm, as well as the movements of small beads attached to the surface membrane, and interference reflection microscopy (IRM) was used to determine the concomitant pattern of attachment to the growth substrate ( @entity539 or @entity9043 ). Related changes in the distributions of actin filaments, microtubules, and neurofilaments were determined by fluorescence labeling methods. Neurite formation on both substrates entailed invasion of the actin cores of filopodia by cytoplasm containing microtubules and neurofilaments. Small beads attached to the surface membrane surrounding the cytoplasm moved outward simultaneously with the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm invaded filopodia of neurons plated on @entity9043 soon after attachment to the substrate or, for neurons generated in vitro, within as little as 3 min after cytokinesis. However, cytoplasm invaded filopodia of neurons grown on @entity539 only when they contacted a three-dimensional object such as another cell or a large, @entity539 -coated @entity852 bead. The observation that adhesion of filopodia to @entity539 -coated beads can initiate @entity527 formation is inconsistent with the commonly held view that @entity527 formation requires adhesion mediated by specific cell adhesion molecules. Simultaneous IRM and DIC imaging showed that cytoplasm invaded filopodia when only their tips were closely apposed to a substrate but not when they were closely apposed to a substrate along their entire lengths. These findings help to elucidate the mechanisms by which interactions between the cytoskeleton and the growth substrate initiate and produce the neuronal movements that lead to the formation of neurites.

title: Cytoskeletal movements and substrate interactions during initiation of XXXX outgrowth by sympathetic neurons in vitro.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity539 :: ('MESH:C008973', 'Chemical') :: ['polyornithine']

answer: @entity527 :: (MESH:D058225,Disease) :: ['neurite']


abstract: There are few reports on the treatment for bone metastases from @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and @entity788 . We evaluated the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy (RT) in @entity1 with bone metastases from these @entity5 . Bone metastases from @entity157 are typically lytic and expansive. We evaluated 13 @entity1 with 16 bone metastases from @entity157 undergoing RT (30-40 Gy, median 39 Gy) in our department from September 2002 to December 2004. Tumor regression was evaluated by CT or MRI. More than 50% tumor regression was achieved in 4 of 16 lesions (25%). @entity158 relief was achieved in 12/13 (92%). The median survival was 7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4-10 months), and the 6-month and 12-month local control rates were 81% and 67%, respectively. For @entity1 with a limited life expectancy, standard dose RT is appropriate, however,with more than one year life expectancy, investigation employing dose escalation or combination with surgery or TAE is needed. Thirteen @entity1 with 18 bone metastases from @entity788 received RT (20-30 Gy, median 30 Gy) from September 2002 to March 2005. The median survival was 3 months (95% CI, 1-6 months). @entity158 relief was achieved in 12/13 (92%). The prognosis of @entity1 with bone metastases from @entity788 is still very poor, and a single fraction or short fraction schedule RT is appropriate.

title: [Radiotherapy for bone metastases from XXXX and @entity788 ].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: In a demographic survey, 300 residents of a German city were questioned to determine the prevalence of dental @entity148 . The correlation between the amount of dental @entity148 and the age, sex, and education of the subjects was examined and the reasons for avoiding dentist's appointments, the duration of this avoidance, and what the subjects desire from future dental treatment. The @entity148 Questionnaire (HAQ) was used to measure the amount of dental @entity148 . The average level of @entity148 was 28.8+/-10.1 according to the HAQ. Young @entity1 were more afraid than older @entity1 (p=0.007), and @entity1 were more anxious than @entity1 (p=0.004). Of the @entity1 , 72% go to the dentist regularly, but only 60% of the @entity1 do (p=0.020). A @entity158 experience while receiving dental treatment was given by 67% as the main reason for their dental @entity148 , followed by a fear of needles (35%). The @entity1 wished for the most accurate information available about the dental treatment they receive (69%), followed by a compassionate dentist (62%), and treatment that is free of @entity158 (62%). Of the @entity1 , 11% [95% CI: (7.5%; 14.5%)] suffer from dental @entity913 . All dental phobics were able to state the cause of their fear and more urgently wished for help from the dentist in overcoming their @entity148 than the non-phobics (p=0.030). To satisfy the needs of the phobic @entity1 , it appears necessary to screen the phobics out of the group of all @entity1 and then offer them adequate therapy, or refer these @entity1 to specialised treatment centres.

title: Dental XXXX in a representative sample of residents of a large German city.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Hierarchical Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: AIM: This paper is a report of a study to examine attitudes towards life-sustaining treatment in family caregivers of older Chinese @entity1 with @entity303 . BACKGROUND: Deferring decisions about life-sustaining treatments to surrogate decision-makers is common among older @entity1 with @entity303 . However, surrogate decision-makers frequently lack knowledge about disadvantages and benefits of treatments and do not understand the principles of surrogate decision-making. METHOD: A total of 51 Chinese family caregivers were interviewed during 2003 and 2004. The interview included an assessment of their knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation and tube feeding, a questionnaire to assess their anticipated decisions for four treatments (cardiopulmonary resuscitation, artificial ventilation, tube feeding and antibiotic administration) if the older relative suffered @entity3124 or @entity1620 , and their comfort and certainty in making such decisions. FINDINGS: Family caregivers displayed poor knowledge about life-sustaining treatments, with 30 (59%) and 13 (26%) unable to name any feature of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and tube feeding, respectively. Most relied on their own views in decision-making rather than on what they thought their relative would have wanted. Most family caregivers were reluctant to forgo treatments. Nursing home residence predicted family caregivers' willingness to forgo artificial ventilation for @entity3124 . Financial burden predicted inclination to forgo antibiotics for @entity3124 and @entity1620 , as well as tube feeding in @entity1620 . CONCLUSION: More dialogue and education are needed about end of life issues in the early phase of @entity303 . Nurses should be aware of the cultural implications of surrogate decision-making for Chinese family caregivers.

title: The attitudes of Chinese family caregivers of older XXXX with @entity303 towards life sustaining treatments.

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['irreversible coma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the cross-sectional association between dietary @entity1760 intake and @entity626 ( @entity571 ) among African American and white @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: The presence of radiographic knee @entity571 was examined among @entity1 from the Johnston County @entity571 Project and was defined as a Kellgren/Lawrence grade of at least 2 in at least 1 knee. The Block Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess @entity1760 intake. Effect modifiers were explored by testing interactions of @entity1760 intake and selected factors based on previous studies. The multivariable logistic regression model with standard energy adjustment method was used to estimate the relationship between @entity1760 intake and radiographic knee @entity571 . RESULTS: The prevalence of knee @entity571 was 36.27% among the 2,112 @entity1 . The relationship between @entity1760 intake and radiographic knee @entity571 was found to be modified by race (P for interaction = 0.03). An inverse threshold association was observed among whites. Compared to @entity1 in the lowest quintile, the relative odds of radiographic knee @entity571 were cut by one-half for @entity1 in the second quintile of @entity1760 intake (odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.79); further @entity1760 intake did not provide further benefits (P for trend = 0.51). A statistically significant association was not observed among African Americans. CONCLUSION: A modest inverse threshold association was found between dietary @entity1760 intake and knee @entity571 in whites, but not in African Americans. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of action for the racial modification.

title: Association of dietary XXXX intake with @entity626 : results from a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: After an unremarkable course of her pregnancy a 26-year-old @entity1 was admitted in the 32nd week because of her poor general condition with @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity10 . Her blood pressure was 220/140 mmHg and the pulse irregular with a rate of about 90/min. INVESTIGATIONS: The urine was markedly positive for @entity413 and protein, the cardiotachogram was unremarkable. DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND COURSE: Antihypertensive treatment was started because @entity1468 was suspected. At first the @entity1 's condition improved, but a few hours after admission an emergency section had to be performed for maternal and fetal indications, but the eutrophic male @entity1 was dead. Postoperatively the electrocardiogram and increased @entity908 kinase activity were suspicious of an acute @entity583 . Chest radiogram and echocardiography showed signs of marked @entity67 . Coronary angiography excluded @entity453 . The concentrations of @entity2922 and its metabolites in 24-hour urine were greatly elevated above normal. Ultrasound and computed tomography demonstrated a @entity5 in the region of the left adrenal suggesting phaeochromocytoma, a diagnosis that was confirmed when the @entity5 was resected. CONCLUSIONS: Phaeochromocytoma is a rare cause of toxaemia of pregnancy and presents a high maternal and fetal risk. Its prognosis for both mother and @entity1 can be improved only if it is diagnosed and treated prenatally.

title: [A rare differential diagnosis of a pregnancy XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['gestosis']


abstract: Evidence for a direct cell-to-cell virus transfer could be provided by an agent that inhibits plaque formation without interfering with the processes that determine plaque growth in the exit and reinfection pathway of virus transfer. We studied the process of Vero cell @entity281 by @entity3307 laboratory strain F [ @entity3307 (F)] in the presence of monoclonal antibody (mAb) F10, an anti gD mAb that inhibits plaque development but does not neutralize virus infectivity in the absence of complement. In virus growth curves, cell associated virus was inhibited at low (0.01) but not at high (10) MOI when all cells are simultaneously infected, showing that the target of the mAb is the process of progressive cells recruitment and not the rate of virus replication. The mAb slightly inhibited virus exit and delayed virus entry. However these two additional inhibitory activities were not responsible for inhibition of virus spread, at least at early time of @entity281 . In fact inhibition of virus spread, as measured by reduction of infectious centers (IC) from infected monolayers, could be appreciated before the appearance of extracellular virus in control cultures. We obtained electron microscope evidence that, both in the absence and in the presence of mAb, extracellular virus was initially concentrated at the interspaces between adjacent cell membranes, with little or no virus present at free cell surfaces. At more advanced stages of @entity778 at free cell surfaces was found. The results of the study of virus replication in the presence of the mAb confirmed the hypothesis of the existence of a pathway of virus transfer between adjacent cells independent from extracellular virus. However, no electron microscope evidence for a direct cell-to-cell virus passage or for a modification of virus transfer brought about by the plaque inhibiting mAb was obtained. Interestingly, electron microscope studies suggested a targeting of the virions to different extracellular spaces, intercellular spaces and free cell surfaces, in intact and damaged cells respectively.

title: Growth, spread, and extracellular localization of XXXX in Vero cells in the presence of an anti-gD plaque inhibiting monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['infection, only virus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['herpes simplex virus type 1', 'HSV-1']

answer: @entity3307 :: (10298,Species) :: ['herpes simplex virus 1']


abstract: Maternal @entity2661 increase dramatically in labor because of @entity158 . Because the uterus is richly endowed with both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, @entity2661 could alter uterine activity. We assessed the effect of clinically encountered concentrations of these @entity2661 on uterine activity and modeled the effect of the abrupt reduction in circulating @entity1425 that occurs during effective labor analgesia. Term pregnant @entity35 uteri were excised, and cross-sectional rings were mounted for isometric force recording. Log concentration-response curves for @entity1425 , @entity1063 , and their combination on uterine activity were constructed from 10(-12) to 10(-6) M. @entity2922 responses were repeated in the presence of @entity5521 , an alpha-adrenergic blocker or @entity1169 , @entity5543 -adrenergic blocker. The abilities of @entity398 and of washout of @entity2661 to reverse @entity2922 -induced changes in uterine activity were also assessed. @entity1425 caused dose-dependent reductions in uterine activity, blocked by @entity1169 . @entity1425 concentrations in the clinical range(10(-9) to 10(-8) M; 100-1000 pg/mL) decreased uterine activity to 49.6% +/- 6.6% (mean +/- SE) of control. @entity1063 caused a dose-dependent increase in uterine activity, which was blocked by @entity5521 . In the clinical range (10(-8) M), uterine activity was 139.2% +/- 13.40% of control. The combination of both @entity2661 , however, was nearly as tocolytic as @entity1425 alone. @entity398 antagonized @entity2922 -induced tocolysis, and washout of @entity1425 or both @entity2661 increased uterine activity. We conclude that mixed @entity2661 are significantly tocolytic at concentrations encountered in laboring @entity1 . In this in vitro model, reduction in @entity1425 concentration, comparable to that which occurs during effective analgesia, significantly increases uterine activity. IMPLICATIONS: Maternal @entity2661 increase in labor, but @entity1425 decreases dramatically after regional analgesia. In this study, we found that @entity1063 and @entity1425 together decrease uterine contractile activity and that decreased @entity1425 causes significantly increased uterine activity.

title: The tocolytic effect of @entity2661 in the gravid XXXX uterus.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and emotional stress']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine', 'Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']