abstract: INTRODUCTION: As life expectancy in the population rises, @entity3604 are seen most frequently in the proximal femur and the vertebral column. In balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty, we have two minimally invasive treatment procedures available. Although they have both been controversially discussed in studies, they have seldom been directly compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2002 and 2004, @entity1 with fresh thoracic or lumbar single-segment @entity3814 not involving @entity51 were treated by balloon kyphoplasty (n = 30) or vertebroplasty(n = 30) using @entity4625 cement, and the results of the two interventions were compared in a prospective, nonrandomised cohort study. Surgery was indicated when @entity1 had @entity158 , dislocated @entity174 of type A1 and type A3 according to Magerl's classification. The outcome of treatment was assessed with special reference to the angle of @entity1513 , @entity615 (VAS), health-related quality of life (SF-36) and complications. RESULTS: At the time of the follow-up examination, significant improvement in the angle of @entity1513 was found to have been achieved both by kyphoplasty and by vertebroplasty (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Comparison showed that correction of the angle was significantly (P < 0.001) better in the kyphoplasty group. Both surgical procedures led to significant (P < 0.001) attenuation of the @entity1 ' @entity158 ; no difference was observed between the groups in the degree of @entity158 relief achieved. There was no demonstrable correlation in either group between the preoperative @entity158 experienced by the @entity1 and the degree of dislocation of their @entity174 . In both study groups, the quality of life was in keeping with that of a reference group matched for age and sex. Cement leakage was observed in 7% of @entity1 after kyphoplasty and in 33% of @entity1 after vertebroplasty (P = 0.021). Adjacent-level @entity174 were checked for, but occurred in only one @entity1 in the vertebroplasty group. CONCLUSION: The two surgical procedures were both followed by significant @entity158 relief, and the quality of life was similar regardless of the procedure used. Balloon kyphoplasty led to an ongoing reduction of freshly fractured vertebrae and was followed by a lower rate of cement leakage.

title: Comparison of kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty in the treatment of fresh XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: AIMS: We sought to evaluate the utility of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for detecting left ventricular (LV) mechanical abnormalities during low-dose (20 microg) @entity452 stress (DSE). METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 (56 +/- 12 years) with a history of recent acute coronary events (ACE) underwent STE-DSE. Left ventricular images, sampled at frame rates 70-100 Hz, were analysed off-line (Echopac BT 6.0.0). Velocity, strain, and rotational imaging were performed. Twenty @entity1 had LV ejection fraction (EF) >40% (Group 1) whereas nine @entity1 had LVEF <40% (Group 2). Average heart and frame rates were identical during DSE in the two groups (P = ns). Global circumferential strain (%) was significantly lower in Group 2 compared with Group 1 (10.65 +/- 5.30 vs. 16.82 +/- 6.61; P < 0.05) at rest and during peak stress (14.72 +/- 6.51 vs. 21.13 +/- 7.2; P < 0.05). The global peak rotation rate (degree/s) was, however, higher at rest in Group 2 (70 +/- 97 vs. 19 +/- 67; P < 0.05) and 20 microg stress. Peak systolic velocity increased in three of the four LV walls at 20 microg (in Groups 1 and 2). A global rotational rate increased significantly at 20 microg during systole in both the groups, but was unchanged in Group 2 during diastole. CONCLUSIONS: Speckle tracking echocardiography @entity452 stress appears to provide comprehensive information on LV mechanical status in the aftermath of ACE. The modality may help risk stratify such @entity1 .

title: Quantification of low-dose XXXX stress using speckle tracking echocardiography in coronary artery disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: @entity121 are common spinal degenerations in the elderly. This in vitro study was carried out to investigate the effects of these two degenerative changes on spinal stability. The stability of nine porcine cervical spines (C2-T1) with mechanically simulated cervical muscles (sternocleidomastoid (SCM), @entity3100 ( @entity3100 ), semispinalis capitis (SSC)) was tested before and after experiment-induced @entity1797 . The patterns of muscle recruitments included: no muscle recruitment, normal recruitment of SCM/ @entity3100 /SSC, and SCM/ @entity3100 /SSC @entity121 . The neutral zone (NZ) and the range of motion (ROM) in the sagittal plane were measured to determine spinal stability. The results showed that the NZ and the ROM of a degenerative spine were larger than those of an intact spine under no muscle recruitment, but not under muscle recruitments. For both intact and degenerative spines, the NZ and the ROM were greatest under no muscle recruitment, followed by @entity409 , @entity409 , and @entity409 , and smallest under normal muscle recruitment. In conclusion, muscle recruitments stabilize both intact and degenerative cervical spines, while dysfunctional muscles do not maintain stability efficiently as normal muscles do. Thus, spinal stability is more significantly affected by @entity121 than by @entity1797 . Muscle training is suggested for the elderly with @entity528 to improve stability.

title: The effects of @entity1797 and XXXX on cervical spine stability from a biomechanical study.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['SSC dysfunction', 'SPL dysfunction', 'SCM dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['splenius capitis', 'SPL']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Disc degeneration and muscle dysfunction', 'muscle dysfunctions', 'muscle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['spinal degeneration']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle dysfunction']


abstract: AIM: To determine the effect of @entity868 plus @entity115 (M+A) as the sole therapy, on the subgingival microbiota of @entity7278 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with untreated @entity7278 were randomly assigned to a group that received M+A for 7 days, or to a group receiving scaling and root planing (SRP) and two placebos. Clinical measurements including sites with plaque, @entity548 on probing (BOP), @entity92 ( @entity92 ) and @entity10273 ( @entity10273 ) were made at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. @entity527 samples were taken from all teeth at baseline 3, 6, 9 and 12 months for the counts of 40 subgingival species using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS: Mean @entity92 was reduced from 2.80+/-0.45 at baseline to 1.95+/-0.05 at 12 months (P<0.001) and from 2.39+/-0.41 to 1.95+/-0.10 (P<0.001) in the M+A- and SRP-treated @entity1 , respectively. Corresponding values for relative mean @entity10273 were 10.07+/-1.30-9.77+/-0.34 (P<0.001) and 9.94+/-0.28-9.77+/-0.26 (P<0.001). Percentage of sites exhibiting BOP were 40.6+/-18.3-14.0+/-1.4 (P<0.001), and 38.5+/-5.1-19.0+/-2.8 (P<0.001) in the M+A and SRP groups, respectively. Mean total DNA probe counts and counts of the majority of the 40 test species were significantly reduced over time in both groups, with no significant differences detected at any time point between groups. At 12 months many of the species were still present at significantly lowered levels compared with their baseline counts in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in clinical and microbiological parameters were similar after receiving systemically administered M+A as the sole therapy or after receiving SRP only.

title: Effects of XXXX plus @entity115 as the only therapy on the microbiological and clinical parameters of untreated @entity7278 .

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity10273 :: ('MESH:D019962', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'attachment level']

answer: @entity868 :: (MESH:D008795,Chemical) :: ['metronidazole']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We recently introduced an animal model of incubation of @entity888 craving after choice-based @entity6767 in male @entity35 . Here we studied the generality of this phenomenon to (1) female @entity35 , and (2) male and female @entity35 with a history of @entity4521 self-administration. We first trained @entity35 to self-administer palatable food pellets for 6 days (6   h per day) for either @entity888 (0.1   mg/kg/infusion) or @entity4521 (0.1   mg/kg/infusion) for 12 days (6   h/day). We then assessed relapse to drug seeking under extinction conditions after 1 and 21 abstinence days. Between tests, the @entity35 underwent either @entity6767 (achieved via a discrete choice procedure between drug and palatable food; 20 trials/day) or home-cage forced abstinence. We found no sex differences in @entity888 self-administration or in the strong preference for the palatable food over @entity888 during the choice-based @entity6767 . In both sexes, @entity888 seeking in the relapse tests was higher after 21 days of either voluntary or forced abstinence than after 1 day (incubation of @entity888 craving). We also found no sex differences in @entity4521 self-administration or the strong preference for the palatable food over @entity4521 during the choice-based @entity6767 . However, male and female @entity35 with a history of @entity4521 self-administration showed incubation of @entity4521 craving after forced but not @entity6767 . Our results show that incubation of @entity888 craving after @entity6767 generalizes to female @entity35 . Unexpectedly, prolonged @entity6767 prevented the emergence of incubation of @entity4521 craving in both sexes.Neuropsychopharmacology advance online publication, 25 January 2017; doi:10.1038/npp.2016.287.

title: Incubation of XXXX but not @entity4521 Craving After Voluntary Abstinence in Male and Female @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6767 :: ('MESH:D009357', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary abstinence']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['Methamphetamine']


abstract: The nuclear receptor, @entity58161 ( @entity58161 ), is a transcription factor and an essential component of a heterodimeric receptor complex with @entity4080 receptor. However, the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of @entity58161 in @entity12638 are unknown. In this study, using dual-spike-in qPCR method, we examined the expression of Bombyx ultraspiracle gene ( @entity58161 ) in various tissues of @entity12638 as well as expression changes after stimulation with @entity4080 . The results showed that the expression levels of @entity58161 gene varied in different tissues and were increased 2  h after exposure to @entity4080 . To identify the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of @entity58161 gene expression in @entity12638 @entity12638 , promoter truncation analyses were performed using the luciferase reporter assay and Bac-to-Bac expression system in several tissues of @entity12638 . @entity58161 gene promoter with 5' end serial deletions showed different levels of activity in various tissues, higher in fat body and Malpighian tubule. Deletion of the region from -485 to -445 and -307 to -281 upstream of @entity58161 gene abolished and increased its promoter activity, respectively. This region contains AP-1, @entity58162 transcription factor binding sites. These results indicate that @entity58161 are expressed at different levels in different tissues of the @entity12638 , but all are subjected to the regulation by @entity4080 . This study would provide an important foundation for investigating the mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of @entity58161 in the @entity12638 .

title: The expression profile and promoter analysis of ultraspiracle gene in the @entity12638 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12638 :: ('7091', 'Species') :: ['Bombyx mori', 'silkworm', 'B. mori']

entities_list: @entity4080 :: ('MESH:D004440', 'Chemical') :: ['ecdysone']

entities_list: @entity58161 :: ('693034(Tax:7091)', 'Gene') :: ['USP', 'ultraspiracle protein', 'BmUSP']

answer: @entity12638 :: (7091,Species) :: ['Bombyx mori']


abstract: Maternal behavior (ultrasound-induced pup-searching and retrieving) was studied in eight groups of female house @entity19 with various hormonal backgrounds, experience with pups and function of the olfactory system. In their brains, @entity172 receptor immunoreactive (ER-IR) cells were localized and quantified. All animals of all groups had ER-IR cells in a 'reliable subset' of brain areas, the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and ventromedial (VMH) and arcuate nucleus (ARH) of the hypothalamus. In another subset of brain areas, the @entity1640 ( @entity1640 ) and cortical (CA) and medial (MA) amygdaloid nucleus, ER-IR cells can be expected in at least some animals of all experimental groups ('expected subset'). In a variable subset of additional brain areas (bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, BNST; suprachiasmatic nucleus, SC; lateral septal nuclei, LS; paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, PVH; entorhinal and piriform cortex, ENT, PIR; subiculum, SUB; hippocampus, @entity4306 ; periventricular gray of the midbrain, PVG), ER-IR cells occurred only in some animals of some groups. Numbers of ER-IR cells in a given brain area, volumes occupied by these cells, and cell densities varied considerably among the groups. A covariation of cell counts and volumes was significant for most brain areas indicating that increases of numbers of ER-IR cells relate mainly to volume increases within a given brain area. Experience with pups correlated with an increase of ER presence in the @entity1640 , VMH, ENT, PIR, SUB, @entity4306 and PVG, however, only in the presence of @entity172 . @entity172 and pup-experience together led to an increased ER presence in mainly the VMH, ENT and PIR, however, only in females with intact olfaction. Full maternal behavior (retrieving, ultrasound recognition) occurred after the high pregnancy- or experience-induced ER content was reduced to lower levels. The ER occurrence in lactating and experienced virgin females differed, however, in the @entity1640 , BNST, SC, PVH, ENT, PIR, SUB, @entity4306 and PVG showing that the maintenance of maternal behavior can run under different profiles of ER content in the brain. Ovariectomy and/or prolonged high blood- @entity172 levels correlated significantly with decreased levels of ER-IR cells in most brain areas which could not be increased by pup-experience.

title: XXXX -receptor occurrence in the female @entity19 brain: effects of maternal experience, ovariectomy, @entity172 and anosmia.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['anterior hypothalamic area', 'AHA']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: The characteristics of long-duration inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (1-IPSPs) which are evoked in @entity35 frontal neocortical neurons by local electrical stimulation were investigated with intracellular recordings from an in vitro slice preparation. Stimulation with suprathreshold intensities evoked 1-IPSPs with typical durations of 600-900 msec at resting membrane potential. Conductance increases of 15-60% were measured at the peak amplitude of 1-IPSPs (150-250 msec poststimulus). The duration of the conductance increases during 1-IPSPs displayed a significant @entity734 , decreasing as the membrane potential was depolarized and increasing with hyperpolarization. The reversal potential of 1-IPSPs is significantly altered by reductions in the extracellular @entity972 concentration. Therefore it is concluded that 1-IPSPs in @entity35 neocortical neurons are generated by the activation of a @entity972 conductance. 1-IPSPs exhibit stimulation fatigue. Stimulation with a frequency of 1 Hz produces a complete fatigue of the conductance increases during 1-IPSPs after approximately 20 consecutive stimuli. Recovery from this fatigue requires minutes. 1-IPSPs are not blocked by @entity1027 but are blocked by @entity1772 .

title: Characteristics of long-duration inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in XXXX neocortical neurons in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['voltage dependence']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether central @entity2687 is related to @entity227 severity among @entity1 with office-controlled intraocular pressure in the normal range. METHODS: This transversal study included 85 eyes of 85 @entity1 with treated primary @entity1538 and documented intraocular pressure below 19 mmHg. The @entity1 were divided into three groups according to Anderson criteria of field abnormality. The groups were composed of 30 eyes with mild defect, 28 eyes with moderate @entity735 with severe defect. Intraocular pressure and central cornea thickness were compared and evaluated between the three groups. RESULTS: Central @entity2687 was statistically thinner in the severe group (mean= 513 +/- 26 microm) compared with the mild defect group (mean= 535 +/- 35 microm) and the moderate group (mean= 533 +/- 30 microm) (p = 0.0182). There was no statistically significant difference between intraocular pressures in the three groups (p = 0.0851). The severe group showed a statistically higher age and number of medications than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The central @entity2687 measurement is desirable when establishing target intraocular pressure of @entity1 with @entity1538 . Central @entity2687 is a clinical factor in determining @entity726 severity. @entity1 with severe field loss showed lower @entity2687 compared with @entity1 with mild and moderate @entity227 .

title: [Relationship between XXXX and severity of @entity227 in primary @entity1538 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous visual field loss', 'visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['defect and 27 eyes']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal thickness']

answer: @entity2687 :: (MESH:D003316,Disease) :: ['corneal thickness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess changes of @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) in serum, sputum, and drained pleural fluid of @entity1 operated on due to @entity2 . METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 treated with lobectomy or pneumonectomy, including 14 with complications and 13 without complications, were analyzed. Serum @entity650 and @entity1193 concentration was measured before, at the end of surgery, and on postoperative day 1, 3, and 7, by ELISA test. Additionally, concentration of @entity650 and @entity1193 was measured in sputum at the end of surgery and in pleural fluid on postoperative day 1. RESULTS: In the entire group serum concentrations of @entity650 and @entity1193 were significantly elevated after surgery, in comparison with preoperative values. Serum @entity650 concentration was higher in @entity1 with complications only on day 7 (median 59.0 (range: 41.25-76.65) pg/ml vs 21.5 (9.87-35.0) pg/ml; p=0.012). @entity1 with complications had higher concentration of @entity650 in pleural fluid (91312 (51812-94872) pg/ml vs 2006 (1926-2108) pg/ml; p=0.00008). Serum @entity1193 concentration was higher in @entity1 with complications on day 1 (1832.4 (1144.7-2362.2) pg/ml vs 1088.4 (817.5-1312.5) pg/ml; p=0.01). Concentration of @entity1193 in drained fluid was higher in @entity1 with complications (68128.8 (48104-108564) pg/ml vs 16470 (15930-16875) pg/ml; p=0.0003). On day 1 after surgery a significant correlation between serum and pleural fluid concentration for @entity650 as well as for @entity1193 were observed (Spearman test for @entity650 : r=0.47; p=0.02; for @entity1193 : r=0.48; p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated concentrations of @entity650 and @entity1193 in pleural fluid on postoperative day 1 are promising early markers of @entity260 . Elevated concentrations of @entity650 and @entity1193 in serum are good early markers of severity of @entity3816 and may reflect development of @entity260 .

title: Interleukin 6 and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist as early markers of complications after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 1 receptor antagonist', 'IL-1ra']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['surgical injury']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: RATIONALE: The @entity859 A3 receptor and the @entity842 (NO) pathway regulate the function and localization of @entity750 transporters (SERTs). These transporters regulate extracellular @entity750 levels, which are correlated with @entity146 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to understand the role of the A3AR on @entity148 and arousal models in @entity3392 , and whether this role is mediated by the nitrergic modulation of @entity750 uptake. METHODS: The effects of @entity31184 (0.01 and 0.1  mg/kg) were assessed in a series of behavioral tasks in adult @entity3392 , as well as on extracellular @entity750 levels in vivo and @entity750 uptake in brain homogenates. Finally, the interaction between @entity31184 and drugs blocking voltage-dependent @entity460 channels (VDCCs), NO synthase, and SERT was analyzed. RESULTS: At the lowest dose, @entity31184 decreased bottom dwelling and scototaxis, while at the highest dose, it also decreased shoaling, @entity427 probability, and melanophore responses. These effects were accompanied by an increase in brain extracellular @entity750 levels. @entity31184 also concentration-dependently increased @entity750 uptake in vitro. The effects of @entity31184 on extracellular @entity750 , scototaxis, and geotaxis were blocked by L-NAME, while only the effects on @entity750 and scototaxis were blocked by @entity1855 . In vitro, the increase in @entity750 uptake was dependent on VDCCs and NO. Finally, @entity905 blocked the effect of @entity31184 on scototaxis, but not geotaxis. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the effect of @entity31184 on scototaxis are mediated by a VDCC-NO-SERT pathway. While NO seems to mediate the effects of @entity31184 on geotaxis, neither VDCCs nor SERT seems to be involved in this process.

title: Role of @entity842 in the behavioral and neurochemical effects of @entity31184 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['defensive behavior']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aortic root enlarges progressively in @entity1614 , and this enlargement is associated with @entity337 and dissection. Long-term treatment with beta-adrenergic blockade, by reducing the impulse (i.e., the rate of pressure change in the aortic root) of left ventricular ejection and the heart rate, may protect the aortic root. METHODS: We conducted an open-label, randomized trial of @entity1169 in adolescent and adult @entity1 with classic @entity1614 (32 treated and 38 untreated [control] @entity1 ). Aortic-root dimensions and clinical end points ( @entity337 , @entity1580 , cardiovascular surgery, congestive @entity712 , and @entity204 ) were monitored for an average of 9.3 years in the control group and 10.7 years in the treatment group. All 70 @entity1 were included in the analysis according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: The dose of @entity1169 was individualized; the mean (+/- SE) dose was 212 +/- 68 mg per day. The mean slope of the regression line for the aortic-root dimensions, which reflect the rate of dilatation, was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (0.023 vs. 0.084 per year, P < 0.001). Clinical end points were reached in five @entity1 in the treatment group and nine in the control group. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the treatment group differed significantly from that for the control group during the middle years of the trial and remained better for the treatment group throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic beta-adrenergic blockade is effective in slowing the rate of @entity384 and reducing the development of @entity2333 in some @entity1 with @entity1614 .

title: Progression of @entity384 and the benefit of long-term beta-adrenergic blockade in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic complications']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No standard management plan for @entity1 with an @entity7027 ( @entity7027 ) currently exists. These @entity1 are routinely hospitalized. Benefits of hospitalization of @entity7027 @entity1 with @entity354 ( @entity354 ) need definition. OBJECTIVES: The study's objectives were to determine the accuracy of a working diagnosis of @entity354 in @entity1 admitted with @entity7027 and to describe the history and hospital course of @entity1 with both working and discharge diagnoses of @entity354 . METHODS: Authors retrospectively reviewed records from a large @entity1 's hospital of @entity1 aged 1 year old and younger hospitalized from January 1, 2004, to @entity3490 , 2007, with an admission diagnosis of @entity7027 . Demographics, clinical presentation, testing, hospital course, and 6-month postdischarge visits were abstracted. Intensive care admissions were excluded. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified factors associated with a discharge diagnosis of @entity354 . RESULTS: Three hundred thirteen @entity1 met inclusion. Mean age was 2.1 months; mean length of stay was 2.5 days. A discharge diagnosis of @entity354 was most common (n = 154, 49%); 138 (89%) were initially well appearing, 10 (6%) had in-hospital events, and only 20 (13%) had upper gastrointestinal series performed. Concordance of initial working to discharge diagnosis of @entity354 was 96%. Nonconcordant diagnoses evolved within 24 hours. Rescue breaths and calling 911 were independently associated with a discharge diagnosis of @entity354 . Within 6 months, 14 @entity1 (9%) with a discharge diagnosis of @entity354 had recurrent @entity7027 , and 5 (3%) had significant new diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Concordance of initial working diagnosis with discharge diagnosis of @entity354 in @entity7027 @entity1 is high. However, in hospital events, evolution to new diagnoses and recurrent @entity7027 suggest that hospitalization of these @entity1 is beneficial. Diagnostic studies should not be routine but should target concerns from the history, examination, and hospital course.

title: Apparent life-threatening event admissions and XXXX : the value of hospitalization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity7027 :: ('MESH:D057768', 'Disease') :: ['apparent life-threatening event', 'ALTE']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: Tumour antigen-induced inhibition of leucocyte adherence was modified for use in glass test tubes (Tube LAI assay) for the study of cell-mediated anti- @entity5 immunity to @entity1 @entity320 . Peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) of 20 out of 25 @entity1 (80%) with active @entity320 responded to an extract of @entity320 with LAI, whereas only 4-5% of 475 control subjects showed a response. The @entity320 @entity1 reacted to both allogeneic and autologous extracts of @entity320 which indicates a common cross-reacting antigen. @entity320 @entity1 did not respond to unrelated @entity5 extracts. The LAI was mediated by PBL (monocytes) "armed" with cytophilic anti- @entity5 antibody specific for the sensitizing @entity5 antigen. The anti- @entity5 response of the @entity320 @entity1 was dependent on the stage of the @entity5 , and 11 out of 13 Stage I @entity1 had a positive NAI, whereas @entity1 with disseminated @entity5 had decreased response. The diminished LAI in @entity1 with large @entity5 burdens appeared to be the result of release of @entity5 antigen systemically. Also, surgery and chemotherapy depressed LAI. Although LAI was depressed after surgical excision of the @entity320 , most @entity1 showed LAI 1-3 months later. @entity5 @entity1 monitored for one year by the Tube LAI assay showed a decline in their anti- @entity5 immunity 5-6 months after surgery. The NAI was low or negative after the 8th post-surgical month in @entity5 -free @entity1 . @entity1 with residual @entity320 showed persistent or recurrent LAI after the 8th post-surgical month. LAI reactivity monitored after "curative" surgery for @entity320 may assist in determining whether the @entity1 is @entity5 -free or has a recurrence.

title: Anti- @entity5 immunity in XXXX assay by tube leucocyte adherence inhibition.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour-free melanoma', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We analyzed our clinical experience with @entity1 with @entity551 and developed a strategic model for the diagnosis mainly using Radioisotope (RI) cisternography and treatment of @entity5325 ( @entity5325 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively analyzed our clinical experiences with 30 cases of @entity5325 from January 2000 through December 2006. All @entity1 had confirmed by magnetic resonance image (MRI). RI cisternography or computed-tomography (CT) myelography was done for disclosing a cerebrospinal fluid leakage point. Initially @entity1 were treated with medication. When @entity1 complained of persistent @entity10 , we performed epidural blood patch (EBP) administration. We performed subdural @entity1410 evacuation when it grew or worsened neurological status. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 (70%) and 9 @entity1 (30%) were enrolled. The mean age was 40 years (range: 30-58 years). After initial diagnosis with MRI, RI cisternography and CT myelography were helpful in pinpointing the exact leakage site. Four @entity1 were treated only with the medication and 24 @entity1 were treated with the epidural blood patch (EBP). Half of them achieved dramatic relief of symptoms after the initial EBP. A blind EBP was performed in 15 @entity1 . Six @entity1 experienced recurrence of symptoms. @entity1410 evacuation was performed in 8 @entity1 . None of diagnostic tools or treatment methods showed distinct superiority in predicting a favorable clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be systematic in their approach to plan a treatment regimen for @entity1 with @entity5325 . We suggest the use of a flow diagram when determining how to @entity3987 and treat @entity1 with @entity5325 .

title: Clinical experiences with XXXX : a proposal of a diagnostic approach and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['Hematoma', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5325 :: ('MESH:D019585', 'Disease') :: ['SIH', 'spontaneous intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3987 :: ('MESH:D057826', 'Disease') :: ['best approach']

answer: @entity5325 :: (MESH:D019585,Disease) :: ['spontaneous intracranial hypotension']


abstract: The sensitivity of behavioral and physiological parameters to even mildly stressful experiences such as drug injections creates a need for alternative methods. We have established a method of stress-free administration of drugs via drinking water that allows multiple, individually specific and exact dosages, even for socially-housed animals. The drug solution is supplied by a dispenser with automated volume control. Animals are PIT microchip-tagged with RFID transponders and identified in realtime at the water port. Computer control permits preprogramming of individual reward quantities so that drug administration is terminated after an individual has collected its daily dose. For our experiments, the substance @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) was given as a marker of proliferating cells that we quantified in the hippocampus of adult @entity19 . Experimental groups received @entity1603 either via intraperitoneal injections or orally via the water dispensers. Immunohistochemical staining of @entity1603 -positive cells was of the same quality after oral administration as after injection. @entity1603 -positive cells did not differ statistically in cell numbers. Thus, water dispensers under transponder control allow the individual and stress-free application of drugs even to group-living animals without disturbing their behavior. This is useful where a complex temporal protocol of application is required, and for phenotyping experiments combining behavioral tests with neural, cellular or molecular analyses.

title: Individually dosed oral drug administration to socially-living transponder-tagged XXXX by a water dispenser under RFID control.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recurrences of @entity463 ( @entity463 ) within previously irradiated volumes pose a serious therapeutic challenge. This retrospective study evaluates the long-term @entity5 control of recurrent @entity463 treated with interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BRT). @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 2003, 84 @entity1 were treated for recurrent cerebral @entity463 located within previously irradiated volumes. All @entity1 had received adjuvant external radiotherapy following primary surgery, with a focal dose up to 60 Gy. The median recurrent @entity5 volume was 51 cm(3) (3-207 cm(3)), and the HDR-BRT consisted of an afterloading (192)Ir implant which delivered a median dose of 40 Gy (30-50 Gy). Catheter implantation was implemented using interactive computed tomography (CT) guidance under local anesthesia and sedoanalgesia. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 61 months, 5/84 @entity1 (6%) were alive. The median post-BRT survival was 37 weeks, and the median overall survival 78 weeks. Moderate to severe complications occurred in 5/84 cases (6%). CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with recurrences of @entity463 within previously irradiated volumes, CT-guided interstitial HDR-BRT is a feasible treatment option that can play an important role in providing palliation.

title: CT-guided interstitial HDR brachytherapy for recurrent XXXX . Long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma multiforme']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the acceptance and efficacy of cereal bait containing different concentrations of poultry egg components in laboratory and poultry farms to control @entity5698 , @entity5698 ( @entity5698 ). METHODS: Acceptance of cereal bait containing different concentrations (2%, 5% and 10%) of poultry egg components such as egg shell powder (ESP), egg albumin (EA) and crushed egg shell as bait additives were studied after exposing them to different groups of @entity35 in bi-choice with bait without additive. Behaviour of @entity35 towards cereal bait containing 2% concentration of different egg components was recorded in no-choice conditions through Food Scale Consumption Monitor. In poultry farm predominantly infested with @entity5698 , acceptance and efficacy of 2% @entity61873 bait containing 2% EA and ESP was evaluated. Trap success of single @entity35 traps containing chapatti pieces smeared with 2% EA and 2% ESP was also evaluated in poultry farm. RESULTS: In bi-choice tests, significantly (P<0.05) higher preference was observed for baits containing 2% and 5% ESP and all the three concentrations of EA compared to plain bait by female @entity35 and that of baits containing 5% and 10% EA by male @entity35 . In no-choice test, non-significantly higher consumption, number of bouts made and time spent towards bait containing 2% EA was found by @entity35 of both sexes. In poultry farm, acceptance and efficacy of 2% @entity61873 bait containing 2% EA and ESP was significantly (P<0.05) more than 2% @entity61873 bait without additive. No significant difference was, however, found in trap success of single @entity35 traps containing chapatti pieces smeared with 2% concentration of EA and ESP placed in the poultry farm. CONCLUSIONS: Present data support the use of 2% egg albumin and egg shell powder in cereal bait to enhance acceptance and efficacy of 2% @entity61873 bait against @entity5698 . This may further help in checking the spread of rodent borne diseases to animals and @entity1 .

title: Poultry egg components as cereal bait additives for enhancing rodenticide based control success and trap index of XXXX , @entity5698 .

entities_list: @entity5698 :: ('10117', 'Species') :: ['R. rattus', 'Rattus rattus', 'house rat']

entities_list: @entity61873 :: ('MESH:C009701', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc phosphide']

answer: @entity5698 :: (10117,Species) :: ['house rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e18043 Background: The first-line use of @entity4562 may be recommended for @entity1 with @entity1149 harbouring mutation in the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) gene. And for @entity1 with advanced @entity420 , pemetrexed plus @entity902 doublet chemotherapy is a standard first-line therapy. In this study, the efficacy of front-line treatment based on @entity470 -mutation has been investigated in advanced @entity420 . METHODS: Previously, untreated @entity1 (n=104) with @entity420 of stage IIIB or IV and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 were eligible to the study. @entity1 with @entity470 -mutation @entity420 were assigned to receive @entity4562 (250 mg/d) until disease progression. Then these @entity1 would be administered with pemetrexed as second-line treatment(Group A). Those with @entity470 wild-type @entity420 @entity1 received pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 plus @entity3003 area under the curve (AUC) 5 for 4 cycles followed by maintenance pemetrexed until disease progression. Then @entity1 would cross to @entity4562 as second-line treatment (Group B). The primary end point is progression-free survival (PFS) in the front-line and second-line treatment. RESULTS: 104 @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy in front-line treatment. The median PFS of the whole group, Group A and Group B was 7.8 months(95% CI 5.1-10.5), 10.1 months (95% CI 6.2-14.0) and 5.7 months (95% CI 4.4-7.1), respectively. At the data cut-off, a total of 64 @entity1 had disease progressed (32 @entity1 in Group A and 32 @entity1 in Group B) and 61 @entity1 was across to second-line therapy. Median PFS of second-line was 2.4 months (95% CI 0.4-4.5) in whole group, while 5.8 months (95% CI 4.1-7.5) in Group A and 1.4 months (95% CI 0.7-2.0) in the Group B,respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The frond-line use of @entity4562 , followed by pemetrexed as second-line when disease progressed, is an option in advanced @entity420 @entity1 with @entity470 mutations. The frond-line choice of pemetrexed plus @entity3003 followed by continuation maintenance pemetrexed until disease progression is acceptable for advanced @entity420 with wild-type @entity470 .

title: Front-line treatment for advanced XXXX based on @entity470 mutation status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity19198 contains three double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomic segments. We have constructed a plasmid that contains a cDNA copy of the middle (M) segment, with a gene for @entity7913 resistance (kan) inserted into the PstI site. A transcript of this cDNA was incorporated in vitro into procapsids along with natural transcripts of the S and L segments. The procapsids were coated with nucleocapsid surface protein P8 and transfected into @entity3437 . phaseolicola. The resulting infectious virus, @entity19198 K1, was found to contain an M segment that was 1.2 kbp larger than the normal 4.1 kbp. K1 formed small, turbid plaques, and its genome was unstable. Preparations of K1 contained from about 0.1 to 10% large, @entity778 which were usually missing the kan gene, and in some cases, the resulting segment M was smaller than its normal size. Cells picked from lawns of host cells infected with K1 yielded colonies that were resistant to @entity7913 (Kan). These colonies could be passaged on @entity7913 -containing medium. The cells were found to contain large amounts of dsRNA corresponding to the viral genomic segments. Some strains continued to produce viable phage, while others lost this ability. One strain completely lost the small genomic segment S. Approximately 1 in 10,000 infected cells acquired the carrier state with the original phage isolate K1. However, we isolated a viral mutant that was able to induce the carrier state in 10 to 20% of the infected cells. The ability to use drug resistance as a test for the carrier state makes this system very useful for the study of the mechanisms of induction of persistent @entity281 .

title: Construction of a transducing virus from double-stranded RNA XXXX : establishment of carrier states in host cells.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['clear-plaque forms of the virus']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity19198 :: ('10879', 'Species') :: ['phi 6', 'Bacteriophage phi 6']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas syringae pv']

answer: @entity19198 :: (10879,Species) :: ['bacteriophage phi6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) is of long-term benefit for @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation unit for @entity16 in Japan. @entity1 : Twenty-four @entity1 (Hoehn and Yahr stages 2.5 or 3) who were not demented (Mini-Mental State Examination score, >27). INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomized to receive either a 45-minute session of BWSTT (up to 20% of body weight supported) or conventional physical therapy (PT) for 3 days a week for 1 month. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. Measures included the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS), ambulation speed (s/10 m), and number of steps taken for a 10-m walk as a parameter for stride length. RESULTS: Four @entity1 needed modification of medications in the follow-up period. Twenty @entity1 (BWSTT, n=11; PT, n=9) without modified medications were analyzed for functional outcome. Age, duration of @entity191 , gender, and doses of medications were comparable. There was no difference in the baseline UPDRS (BWSTT=33.3; PT=32.6), speed (BWSTT=10.8; PT=11.5), and steps (BWSTT=23.4; PT=22.8). The BWSTT group had significantly greater improvement than the PT group (Mann-Whitney U test, Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparison) in ambulation speed at 1 month (BWSTT=8.5; PT=10.8; P<.005); and in the number of steps at 1 (BWSTT=20.0; PT=22.7; P<.005), 2 (BWSTT=19.5; PT=22.4; P<.005), 3 (BWSTT=20.1; PT=23.1; P<.005), and 4 months (BWSTT=21.0; PT=23.0; P=.006). CONCLUSIONS: BWSTT has a lasting effect specifically on short-step gait in @entity191 .

title: Long-term effect of body weight-supported treadmill training in XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reproductive and lifestyle factors influence both @entity0 risk and prognosis; this might be through @entity0 subtype. Subtypes defined by immunohistochemical hormone receptor markers and gene expression signatures are used to predict prognosis of @entity0 @entity1 based on their @entity5 biology. We investigated the association between established @entity0 risk factors and the 70-gene prognostication signature in @entity0 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Standardised questionnaires were used to obtain information on established risk factors of @entity0 from the Dutch @entity1 of the MINDACT trial. Clinical-pathological and genomic information were obtained from the trial database. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between lifestyle risk factors and @entity5 prognostic subtypes, measured by the 70-gene MammaPrint(  ) signature (i.e.  low-risk or high-risk @entity5 ). RESULTS: Of the 1555 @entity0 @entity1 included, 910 had low-risk and 645 had high-risk @entity5 . Current body mass index (BMI), age at menarche, age at first birth, age at menopause, hormonal contraceptive use  and hormone replacement therapy use were not associated with MammaPrint(  ). In parous @entity1 , higher parity was associated with a lower risk (OR: 0.75, [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.59-0.95] P  =  0.018) and longer breastfeeding duration with a higher risk (OR: 1.03, [95% CI: 1.01-1.05] P  =  0.005) of developing high-risk @entity5 ; risk estimates were similar within @entity2931 receptor-positive disease. After stratifying by menopausal status, the associations remained present in post-menopausal @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Using prognostic gene expression profiles, we have indications that specific reproductive factors may be associated with prognostic @entity5  subtypes beyond hormone receptor status.

title: An association study of established XXXX reproductive and lifestyle risk factors with @entity5 subtype defined by the prognostic 70-gene expression signature (MammaPrint(  )).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: South Africa is the largest user of pesticides in sub-Saharan Africa and many studies have highlighted the occurrence of pesticides in water resources. Poor management of water treatment facilities in combination with a relatively high dependency on untreated water from boreholes and rivers creates the potential for exposure of @entity1 communities to pesticides and their associated health effects. Pesticide use, physicochemical and @entity137 data was therefore used to prioritize pesticides in terms of their potential risk to @entity1 health. After eliminating pesticides used in very low quantities, four indices were used to prioritize active ingredients applied in excess of 1000 kg per annum; the quantity index (QI) which ranked pesticides in terms of the quantity of their use; the @entity137 potential index (TP) which ranked pesticides according to scores derived for their potential to cause five health effects (endocrine disruption, carcinogenicity, @entity21258 , mutagenicity and @entity2359 ); @entity894 ( @entity894 ) which multiplied the TP by an exposure potential score determined by the GUS index for each pesticide (to provide an indication of environmental hazard); and weighted hazard potential (WHP), which multiplied the @entity894 for a pesticide by the ratio of its use to the total use of all pesticides in the country. The top 25 pesticides occurring in each of these indices were identified as priority pesticides, resulting in a combined total of 69 priority pesticides. A principal component analysis identified the indices that were most important in determining why a specific pesticide was included in the final priority list. As crop specific application pesticide use data was available it was possible to identify crops to which priority pesticides were applied to. Furthermore it was possible to prioritize crops in terms of the specific pesticide applied to the crop (by expressing the WHP as a ratio of the total amount of pesticide applied to the crop to the total use of all pesticides applied in the country). This allows for an improved spatial assessment of the use of priority pesticides. The methodology applied here provides a first level of basic, important information that can be used to develop monitoring programmes, identify priority areas for management interventions and to investigate optimal mitigation strategies.

title: Prioritizing agricultural pesticides used in South Africa based on their environmental mobility and potential XXXX health effects.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['hazard potential index', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity21258 :: ('MESH:C535542', 'Disease') :: ['teratogenicity']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Thirty seven postmenopausal @entity1 aged under 65 with @entity170 by a bone density value below the 80th percentile of the osteoporotic population but without identifiable @entity174 , were treated and monitored for two years using clinical, laboratory and densitometric parameters. Sixteen of them were given hormonal replacement therapy combining percutaneous or transdermal 17 beta @entity53 with a progestogen and the other 21 @entity3163 at the dose of 50 mg/d combined with @entity460 and @entity560 . There was a significant increase in vertebral bone density in both groups: 6.3 +/- 0.9 per cent for hormone treatment and 7.1 +/- 1.5% for @entity1388 after 2 years, while it fell in a control group. The increase was linear with @entity1388 , while 2/3 of the gain was acquired by the end of the first year of hormonal therapy. Nine of the 16 @entity1 on hormonal therapy and 9 of the 21 taking @entity1388 showed a significant @entity1017 at 2 years (greater than or equal to 0.043 g/cm2). There was no parameter which enabled the identification of "responders" before treatment. There was no difference in changes in femoral bone density between @entity1 treated with @entity1388 and controls. From a laboratory standpoint, hormonal therapy caused a significant fall at 12 months in the urinary @entity460 /urinary @entity1011 ratio, and a non-significant fall in osteocalcin at 2 years. With @entity1388 , there was a marked rise in osteocalcin and a more moderate rise in alkaline phosphatase, reflecting stimulation of bone formation without any variation in resorption. In conclusion, this study shows the ability of both these types of treatment of increasing, by different mechanisms, the vertebral bone density of osteoporotic @entity1 . However, it does not indicate the extent to which this gain in bone density might have a positive influence on @entity174 risk.

title: [Comparative effects of XXXX and hormonal replacement therapy on bone metabolism in osteoporotic @entity1 with high @entity174 risk. Results of monitoring for 2 years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['crush fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['densitometric osteoporosis defined']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral gain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity3163 :: (MESH:D012969,Chemical) :: ['sodium fluoride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2939 ( @entity2939 ) plays an important role in innate immunity. Activation of innate immune response and subsequent chronic low-grade @entity32 are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity164 2 @entity6 . In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of @entity2939 variants with @entity164 2 @entity6 in the Chinese population. METHODS: Seven tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of @entity2939 based on HapMap Chinese data were genotyped in the Shanghai Chinese, including 3404 @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 and 3401 controls. The controls were extensively phenotyped for the traits related to @entity413 metabolism and insulin secretion. RESULTS: In total @entity1 , we identified that @entity35758 and @entity59012 were associated with @entity164 2 @entity6 (odds ratio 1.106, P   =   0.009 for @entity60908 , odds ratio 1.092, P   =   0.013 for @entity59012 ). @entity60909 showed a trend association with @entity164 2 @entity6 (odds ratio 0.957, P   =   0.057). This SNP was also associated with 2-h plasma @entity413 (P   =   0.033) and high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 (P   =   0.031). In female @entity1 , @entity35758 , @entity59012 and @entity60909 were associated with @entity164 2 @entity6 (odds ratio 1.176, P   =   0.002 for @entity35758 , odds ratio 1.136, P   =   0.009 for @entity59012 , odds ratio 0.882, P   =   0.024 for @entity60909 ). Besides, @entity60909 was significantly associated with 2-h plasma @entity413 (P   =   0.050) and HOMA-B (P   =   0.046) with adjusting for age and body mass index in female normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that genetic variants of @entity2939 are associated with @entity164 2 @entity6 in the Chinese population, especially in female subjects.

title: Association of XXXX   Gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to @entity6 in the Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2939 :: (7099,Gene) :: ['Toll-like Receptor 4']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intravenous @entity205 often is used to treat @entity1 with severe @entity134 refractory @entity1960 secondary to @entity31 in an attempt to avoid urgent total abdominal colectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success and cost of @entity205 . METHODS: A retrospective, chart review of all @entity1 from 1996 to 2002 who were treated with @entity205 and/or had a three-stage ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for severe @entity134 refractory @entity1960 at our institution was performed. @entity1 were divided into three groups: TAC and CyA: @entity1 who failed @entity205 and had urgent total abdominal colectomy on the same admission; TAC no CyA: @entity1 who had an urgent total abdominal colectomy without @entity205 ; and CyA only: @entity1 treated successfully with @entity205 and discharged without surgery. A subgroup of @entity1 who had an ileal pouch-anal @entity254 was identified from each group. Cost data were obtained from the hospital's financial records. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 (25 males) were identified. Twenty-nine @entity1 received @entity205 for severe @entity134 refractory @entity1960 . Of these, 18 (62 percent) failed and underwent total abdominal colectomy on the same admission. Eleven (38 percent) responded to the @entity205 and were discharged. Of the 11, 4 never had surgery, 1 had a three-stage ileal pouch-anal @entity254 , 5 had a two-stage ileal pouch-anal @entity254 , and 1 had a total abdominal colectomy only. Only 14 percent of @entity1 avoided colectomy in the long-term. Complications of @entity205 occurred in 8 @entity1 (28 percent), and surgical complications occurred in 12 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The highest costs, highest length of stay, and highest number of overall complications were found in the group of @entity1 who failed intravenous @entity205 and required colectomy during the same hospitalization.

title: Intravenous @entity205 for the treatment of severe @entity134 refractory XXXX : what is the cost?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: We have previously found that fetal cortex taken from 16- to 18-day-old donors survives grafting to the infarcted cortex 5-7 days after @entity2500 . The present study was undertaken to examine the effect on graft survival of varying the age of the fetal donor tissue and the time between vessel occlusion and graft implantation. First, a cell suspension of neocortical tissue was grafted from fetuses aged 15, 17, or 20 gestational days to the infarcted cortex of @entity101 @entity35 which had undergone @entity432 5-7 days earlier. There were no significant differences in the mean size or general morphology assessed in Nissl- and acetylcholinesterase-stained sections between the groups. Second, neocortical tissue was grafted from fetuses aged 15 gestational days to the infarcted cortex at different times following @entity432 . When surgery was delayed until 5-7 days, 3 weeks, or 8 weeks postocclusion, graft survival was significantly better than when implanted 1 day postocclusion. Implantation after 3 weeks yielded grafts that also were significantly larger than those in @entity35 grafted 5-7 days after cortical @entity1188 . The results indicate that there is no crucial upper donor age limit for dissociated fetal neocortical grafts in terms of graft survival and volume. Furthermore, a delay between lesion and transplantation is desirable in this @entity64 model. The host brain environment seems to be most hospitable around 3 weeks after @entity432 .

title: Survival of fetal neocortical grafts implanted in brain infarcts of adult XXXX : the influence of postlesion time and age of donor tissue.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Up to September, 1993, several questions were open on the use of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors after @entity583 . The SAVE trial has shown that @entity1 with @entity1002 and a recent (mean 11 days) @entity583 benefit from assuming captopril per os during the subsequent clinical course. The SOLVD trials have indicated that therapy with @entity4688 per os increases the survival of @entity1 with @entity1002 , a history of @entity583 and hemodynamic decompensation. However, the CONSENSUS II trial has not shown similar results on @entity1 with all range left ventricular function, treated within 24 hours of @entity1188 with i.v. enalaprilat and then enalapril per os. In this study, 6-month mortality has been slightly better in the placebo group, and there seems not to be any subgroup benefitting from the @entity1289 inhibitor. In October and November, 1993, the International Cardiologic Community has received the results of 3 large multicenter trials on postinfarction @entity1 : the @entity11115 (ramipril per os), the GISSI 3 (lisinopril per os) and the ISIS 4 (captopril per os) studies. These trials has pointed out the followings: 1) prompt therapy (within 24 hours of @entity662 ) with @entity1289 inhibitors is able to improve short term survival in @entity1 with clinical evidence of @entity712 , in @entity1 and old @entity1 ; 2) @entity1289 inhibitors and @entity6836 derivatives are complementary therapies in the acute and subacute phase of @entity1188 , and their association produces the best improvement in short-term survival. There seems to be no intelligible reason, up to now, to deem that any @entity1289 inhibitor should be considered better than another one in the acute phase of @entity1188 , but still during the first 72 hours after the onset of @entity662 the advantages have been shown only with @entity3593 and @entity3371 . The negative results of the CONSENSUS II trial are probably dependent on the excessively abrupt acute @entity551 effect of i.v. enalaprilat. This last "large trial" decade has taught us that many treatments can be advantageous for @entity583 but, apart from thrombolysis, all other medical therapies should not be given extensively, but to peculiar @entity1 carefully selected on clinical grounds. Guidelines from official consensus conferences are expected now, to segregate different patterns of clinical presentations to be treated differently.

title: [ XXXX inhibitors during acute phase of @entity583 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['Angiotensin converting enzyme']


abstract: @entity2615 incidence varies markedly from one country to another. The highest annual crude incidence rates (about 30 cases per million) are observed in Australia, Belgium, and Great Britain. A lot of data indicate a relationship between @entity2615 and @entity1355 . The hot areas for @entity2615 exactly correspond to the sites of industries with high @entity1355 use, such as shipbuilding and @entity1355 -cement industry. However, in many countries with high @entity1355 consumption, @entity2615 incidence is low. The reasons for this fact are not clear. The latency periods elapsing between first exposure to @entity1355 and development of @entity2615 are mostly longer than 40 yr. An inverse relationship exists between intensity of @entity1355 exposure and length of the latency period. @entity2615 generally develops after long-time exposures to @entity1355 . Some recent studies show that the risk increases with the duration of exposure. Possible co-factors in the pathogenesis of @entity1355 -related @entity2615 include @entity18249 , diets poor in fruit and vegetables, viruses, immune @entity32 . The study of co-morbidity in @entity2615 could give an insight into the pathogenesis of the @entity5 . While a levelling-off in @entity2615 incidence has been registered in some countries, a worsening of the epidemic is predictable in large parts of the world.

title: Malignant mesothelioma: global incidence and relationship with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['impairment, recurrent serosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma', 'Mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity18249 :: ('MESH:D020022', 'Disease') :: ['genetic predisposition']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestos']


abstract: Arenaviridae are a family of single stranded RNA viruses of mammals and boid snakes. Twenty-nine distinct @entity1 arenaviruses have been identified, many of which cause severe @entity548 in @entity1 , particularly in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, and in Central and South America. @entity1 typically become infected with an arenavirus through contact with excreta from infected rodents. @entity35688 (TCRV) is an arenavirus that was first isolated from bats and mosquitoes during a rabies surveillance survey conducted in Trinidad from 1956 to 1958. @entity35688 is unusual because it has never been associated with a rodent host and since that one time isolation, the virus has not been isolated from any vertebrate or invertebrate hosts. We report the re-isolation of the virus from a pool of 100 host-seeking Amblyomma americanum (lone star ticks) collected in a Florida state park in 2012. TCRV was isolated in two cell lines and its complete genome was sequenced. The tick-derived isolate is nearly identical to the only remaining isolate from Trinidad (TRVL-11573), with 99.6% @entity377 identity across the genome. A quantitative RT-PCR assay was developed to test for viral RNA in host-seeking ticks collected from 3 Florida state parks. Virus RNA was detected in 56/500 (11.2%) of surveyed ticks. As this virus was isolated from ticks that parasitize @entity1 , the ability of the tick to transmit the virus to @entity1 should be evaluated. Furthermore, reservoir hosts for the virus need to be identified in order to develop risk assessment models of @entity1 @entity281 .

title: Isolation of XXXX , a Caribbean Arenavirus, from Host-Seeking Amblyomma americanum Ticks in Florida.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'human', 'people', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic disease']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity35688 :: ('11631', 'Species') :: ['Tacaribe virus']

answer: @entity35688 :: (11631,Species) :: ['Tacaribe Virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate grey ( @entity7419 ) and white matter (WM) abnormalities and their effects on cognitive and @entity146 in a large, phenotypically and genotypically well-characterized cohort of classic adult (aDM1, age at onset >=  20 years) or juvenile (jDM1, age at onset <20 years) @entity1 with @entity3918 type 1 ( @entity6045 ). METHODS: A case-control study including 51 @entity6045 @entity1 (17 jDM1 and 34 aDM1) and 34 controls was conducted at an academic medical center. Clinical, cognitive and structural MRI evaluations were obtained. Quantitative assessments of regional @entity7419 volumes, WM hyperintensities (WMHs), and microstructural WM tract damage were performed. The association between structural @entity75 and clinical and cognitive findings was assessed. RESULTS: @entity6045 @entity1 showed a high prevalence of WMHs, severe regional @entity194 including the key nodes of the sensorimotor and main cognitive brain networks, and WM microstructural damage of the interhemispheric, corticospinal, limbic and associative pathways. WM tract damage extends well beyond the focal WMHs. While aDM1 @entity1 had severe patterns of @entity194 and WM tract damage, in jDM1 @entity1 WM abnormalities exceeded @entity7419 involvement. In @entity6045 , WMHs and microstructural damage, but not @entity194 , correlated with @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: WM damage, through a disconnection between @entity7419 structures, is likely to be the major contributor to @entity73 in @entity6045 . Our MRI findings in aDM1 and jDM1 @entity1 support the hypothesis of a degenerative ( @entity1240 ) origin of the @entity7419 and of developmental changes as the principal substrates of microstructural WM alterations in @entity6045 .

title: XXXX in @entity3918 type 1 is associated with white matter damage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['GM atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1240 :: ('MESH:D019588', 'Disease') :: ['premature aging']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity7419 :: ('MESH:C562602', 'Disease') :: ['GM', 'GM abnormalities']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairment']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that @entity1 with @entity3 are at high risk of developing @entity1082 )-associated @entity5 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 (median age 54.5 years; range 25-86) who were being treated or had been treated for @entity3 and who had not had radiotherapy to the pelvis or anogenital region underwent anal microendoscopy and biopsy. A second group of 80 @entity1 who were similar in age to the study group and had no @entity1083 or @entity5 formed the control group. The polymerase chain reaction was used to detect @entity1799 DNA in the vulvar and anal tissue samples from 33 @entity1 in the study group and in the anal biopsies of all controls. RESULTS: A histologic diagnosis of @entity1083 or squamous @entity5 was made in 19 of 40 biopsies (47.5%) in the study group. These diagnoses consisted of one HPV, two anal @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) grade I, 15 and @entity2784 grade III (four of which were associated with invasive @entity5 ), and one @entity3 in the absence of anal @entity2784 . @entity1799 DNA was detected in 16 of 33 (48.5%) of anal and 25 of 33 (75%) of vulvar biopsies. In addition, @entity1799 was detected in both the anal and vulvar samples in 13 of 16 cases (81%) of @entity1544 . No evidence of anal @entity2784 was found in the controls, and @entity1799 DNA was identified in only 11 (13.7%) of the anal biopsies in this group. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further evidence for the etiologic relation between genital and @entity5 . Furthermore, it shows that @entity1 with @entity5 are at high risk of having or developing @entity5 , particularly in younger @entity1 (P = .0006; 95% confidence interval 12-34). Routine anal examination should be performed in @entity1 with @entity3 .

title: Anal @entity1082 infection and squamous neoplasia in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anal squamous neoplasia', 'anal cancers', 'vulvar cancer', 'HPV-associated anal neoplasia', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['anal HPV infection', 'history of anogenital HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['anal SIL III and invasive anal squamous cancer']

entities_list: @entity1799 :: ('333760', 'Species') :: ['HPV 16', 'Human papillomavirus 16']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive vulvar cancer', 'invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'SIL']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive vulvar cancer']


abstract: Between 1991 and 1998, 45 cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity157 (1 or 2 lesions smaller than 5 cm) were treated either with percutaneous @entity1068 injection (26 @entity1 ) or with trans arterial chemoembolization (19 @entity1 ) in our Department. Percutaneous @entity1068 injection was performed on 37 nodules: mean diameter of 3.1 +/- 0.8 cm. Transarterial chemoembolization was performed on 27 nodules: mean diameter of 2.8 +/- 0.7 cm. Therapeutic success at first treatment was obtained in 81.5% of percutaneous @entity1068 injection treated lesions and in 60.0% of trans arterial chemoembolization treated lesions. Local recurrence after first treatment occurred in 7 of 22 percutaneous @entity1068 injection @entity1 (31.8%) and 8 of 15 transarterial chemoembolization @entity1 (53.3%). Distant hepatic recurrence after first treatment occurred in 16 of 26 (61.5%) alcolization treated @entity1 and in 14 of 25 (56.0%) chemoembolization treated. Multivariate analysis selected therapeutic success and modality of treatment as the best predictor of better survival probability in all treated @entity1 . Survival probability at 12/24/36/48 months was 96.1/80.8/61.6/42.3% in percutaneous @entity1068 injection group and 89.5/68.4/36.8/15.8% in transarterial chemoembolization group (p < 0.05 Log rank). Few data are available comparing the efficacy of percutaneous @entity1068 injection and transarterial chemoembolization in @entity1 with @entity157 . Our data confirm that percutaneous @entity1068 injection is better than trans arterial chemoembolization in the treatment of @entity1 with one or two lesions of @entity157 .

title: [Locoregional treatment of XXXX : comparison between percutaneous alcohol administration and intraarterial chemoembolization].

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is a hallmark of @entity5 . The aim of this study was to explore whether @entity9236 is associated with gene expression profiles or copy number alterations in @entity1204 . METHODS: A prospective series of @entity1204 was studied for angiogenesis markers, gene expression profiles, and gene copy number data. For validation, an independent series of @entity1204 as well as an external cohort of @entity1204 @entity1 were examined by gene expression microarrays. RESULTS: Increased @entity9236 ( @entity9236 ) was associated with @entity146 features and reduced survival, and a 32-gene expression signature was found to separate @entity5 with high versus low @entity9236 . An increased 32-gene signature score was confirmed to associate with high-grade @entity5 features and reduced survival by independent cohorts. Copy number studies revealed that amplification of the 6p21 region was significantly associated with @entity9236 , a high 32-gene score, as well as reduced survival. CONCLUSION: Increased @entity9236 was significantly associated with aggressive @entity1204 and reduced survival. Integrated analyses demonstrated significant associations between increased vascular proliferation, amplification of the 6p21 region, @entity7 mRNA expression, and the 32-gene angiogenesis signature. Our findings indicate amplification of 6p21 as a possible driver of @entity5 in @entity1204 .

title: Increased angiogenesis is associated with a 32-gene expression signature and 6p21 amplification in aggressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor vascular proliferation', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9236 :: ('MESH:C565054', 'Disease') :: ['MVP', 'microvessel proliferation']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: Naming is mediated by perisylvian cortex in the left (language-dominant) hemisphere, and thus, left anterior temporal lobe resection for pharmacologically intractable @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) carries risk for post-operative naming decline. Interestingly, this risk is lower in @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity8682 ) relative to those without @entity8682 ( @entity8682 ). Although the hippocampus has traditionally been considered a critical structure for memory, without contribution to naming, this pattern might implicate direct hippocampal naming involvement. On the other hand, critical naming sites have been found in anterior, lateral temporal (i.e. extra-hippocampal) neocortex, the region typically removed with 'standard' @entity1315 resection. We, therefore, speculated that the relative preservation of naming in post-operative @entity8682 @entity1 might reflect cortical reorganization of language to areas outside this region. Using pre-resection electrical stimulation mapping, we compared the topography of auditory and visual naming sites in 12 @entity1 with @entity8682 and 12 @entity1 without structural brain pathology. Consistent with previous work, @entity8682 @entity1 exhibited post-operative naming decline, whereas @entity8682 @entity1 did not. As hypothesized, @entity8682 @entity1 had proportionally fewer overall naming sites in anterior temporal cortex, the region typically removed with standard anterior temporal resection, whereas @entity8682 @entity1 exhibited a more even distribution of naming sites in anterior and posterior temporal regions (P = 0.03). Although both groups exhibited the previously reported pattern of auditory naming sites anterior to visual naming sites, auditory naming sites had a significantly more posterior distribution in @entity8682 @entity1 (P = 0.02). Additionally, @entity8682 @entity1 exhibited a greater proportion of visual naming sites above the superior temporal sulcus, whereas visual naming sites in @entity8682 @entity1 were scattered across superior and inferior temporal cortex. Results suggest that preserved naming ability in @entity8682 @entity1 following anterior temporal resection might be attributable, at least in part, to intrahemispheric reorganization of language in response to the likely, early development of @entity1463 in the medial temporal region. Furthermore, their more posterior distribution of naming sites is consistent with the more anterior propagation of EEG discharges in @entity1315 . These results hold theoretical implications regarding the role of the dominant hippocampus in determining the cortical representation of semantic and lexical information, and raise questions regarding the specific roles of medial and lateral temporal cortex in targeted word retrieval. The different patterns of naming areas identified in @entity1 with and without @entity8682 may also carry clinical implications, potentially improving efficiency during the time-constrained process of stimulation mapping.

title: Evidence for cortical reorganization of language in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']


abstract: Forty post-menopausal @entity1 with @entity790 who were inpatients in the same geriatric hospital were treated with @entity10586 (E3) for 6 weeks. For the first 2 weeks 0.5 mg E3 (Leo AB, Sweden) was administered intravaginally every day. Over the following 4 weeks the @entity1 received the same quantity either once or twice weekly as a maintenance dose. @entity2931 influence on the vaginal and urethral epithelium was assessed by means of the karyopyknotic index (KPI), while the degree of maturation of the vaginal epithelium was estimated visually. Urinary bacteria were cultivated. A pronounced and progressive rise in KPI was seen in both the vaginal and the urethral epithelium following daily E3 treatment. However, neither of the two maintenance dosages was sufficient to sustain the initial maturation of the vaginal and urethral epithelium induced by E3, since the KPI returned to pretreatment values within 4 weeks. The effect of E3 administration on the vaginal epithelium was overestimated by the visual assessment method. No changes were seen in urinary bacteria. @entity11796 was given before and after E3 treatment. None of the @entity1 suffered from @entity548 .

title: Effects of vaginally-administered @entity10586 on post-menopausal XXXX : a cytohormonal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10586 :: ('CHEBI:27974', 'Chemical') :: ['oestriol']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['Medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['Oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital disorders']

answer: @entity790 :: (MESH:D014564,Disease) :: ['urogenital disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous studies suggest that @entity14 ( @entity14 ) presenting at a young age tends to be advanced, proximally located and associated with a poor outcome. The aim of this study was to analyse characteristics of @entity14 in a cohort under the age of 50. METHOD: A single centre retrospective cohort study of consecutive @entity1 under the age of 50 receiving potentially curative resection was performed. Clinical and pathological data was collected from a prospectively maintained @entity5 registry database. Of 2799 @entity1 having @entity14 resections between 2002 and 2013, 103 @entity1 (3.6  %) were under 50, with full survival data available on 98 (3.5  %). An additional 7 @entity1 under 50 had inoperable disease. The proportion of @entity1 under 50 was constant throughout the study period. A group of 98 consecutive @entity1 over the age of 50 undergoing surgery for @entity14 in the same centre was used for comparison. Just 7 @entity1 (7  %) had pathologically verified @entity1941 or @entity4309 , although there was a high suspicion of @entity4309 in further 3 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: There was a higher proportion of @entity5 in the under 50s (p   <   0.0001), although there was no significant difference in the staging of the disease or lymph node positivity. There was a greater incidence of poor differentiation in the younger @entity1 , but there was no effect on 5-year overall survival (71.4  %) which is much higher than in the reported literature. The majority of @entity14 presenting under the age of 50 were sporadic, and a higher proportion of @entity5 was observed compared with the older @entity1 , and as compared to the published literature on younger @entity14 @entity1 . This paper adds to the literature by demonstrating that despite advanced stage at presentation of @entity14 requiring extended surgery and multimodal treatment, this young age group experienced good overall survival.

title: Clinicopathological characteristics of XXXX presenting under the age of 50.

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: A 70-year-old @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) underwent laparoscopic rectopexy under general anesthesia. For anesthetic induction, we administered total 0.6 mg    kg-1 of @entity2898 with titration. Eight minutes later, @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) count reached to 0 and the @entity1 was intubated smoothly. One hundred and five minutes later, @entity3370 ratio recovered to 100% and we administered @entity2898 10 mg additionally. Surgery was finished without any problems 95 minutes after thereafter. @entity3370 ratio was 45% and we administered @entity19271 3 mg    kg-1, reversing @entity4094 to @entity3370 ratio 100% within 1.5 minute. The @entity1 awoke clearly and respiratory condition was good. He was extubated without remaining @entity4094 . Postoperative course was stable and there was no serious adverse effect on his muscular function intra- and post-operatively. In conclusion, @entity2898 and @entity19271 can be used safely and effectively in general anesthetic management for @entity1 with @entity3986 . However, as the onset times and durations of these agents can be longer, we should administer these agents with titration carefully under periodic neuromuscular monitoring.

title: [Successful anesthetic management of laparoscopic rectopexy using XXXX and @entity19271 in a @entity1 with @entity1555 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Becker muscular dystrophy', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'train-of-four']

entities_list: @entity19271 :: ('MESH:C453980', 'Chemical') :: ['sugammadex']

answer: @entity2898 :: (MESH:C061870,Chemical) :: ['rocuronium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal strategy for @entity1 with newly diagnosed intermediate-risk @entity263 by age and cardiac risk. METHODS: A Markov model was calibrated to the EORTC 22991 trial, which randomly assigned @entity1 with intermediate-risk @entity263 to @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) with or without six months of @entity34 ( @entity34 ). We compared quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in @entity1 age 50, 60, and 70 years by age decile and cardiac risk group. Competing risks of cardiovascular mortality were estimated from the published literature. Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the impact of varying model assumptions. RESULTS: @entity34 was associated with a net decrease of 0.3 to 0.4 QALYs in @entity1 with a history of @entity583 . However, for all other @entity1 , @entity34 improved QALYs (range = 0.4-2.6 QALYs). Younger @entity1 with fewer cardiac risk factors experienced the largest benefit from @entity34 . In sensitivity analyses, the model was only found to be sensitive to the probability of biochemical failure. @entity1 at low risk for biochemical failure (<= 8.7% at five years) did not benefit from @entity34 . Further, the benefits of @entity34 did not begin to manifest until after 7.3 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal choice of therapy depends upon age, cardiac risk, and disease recurrence risk. Young @entity1 with intermediate-risk @entity263 with no cardiac risk factors benefit most from @entity34 . @entity1 with a history of @entity583 who are at very low risk for biochemical failure may be negatively impacted by the addition of @entity34 .

title: Weighing Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality Against Potential Benefit of Hormonal Therapy in Intermediate-Risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormonal therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: Angiography has associated morbidity and mortality, but it is the road map for the vascular surgeon. Can blood vessels be safely operated on without first obtaining an angiogram? It was the purpose of this retrospective analysis to ascertain the need for and value of carotid angiography in @entity1 with @entity1939 fugax. Twenty-eight @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ) with an average age of 66.4 years (range 58 to 71 years) had histories consistent with @entity1939 fugax and were operated on for it. They did not have a history of transient @entity63 attacks or @entity64 . Histories were reviewed for @entity299 , smoking, @entity101 , and @entity6 . All @entity1 were studied by noninvasive methods (bidirectional Doppler analysis, oculoplethysmography, carotid phonoangiography, and real-time B-mode ultrasonography), cerebral computerized tomographic scan, and angiography. Nineteen of the 28 @entity1 (11 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ) had @entity941 angiography. All preoperative computerized tomographic scans were negative. Findings on real-time B-mode ultrasonography suggested significant @entity1066 in all of the @entity1 . Angiography could only confirm ulcerated areas in 17 of the 28 @entity1 . Of the @entity1 studied by @entity941 angiography, 17 of 19 (10 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ) had confirmed @entity999 . Surgery confirmed @entity1066 in all of the 28 @entity1 . Results of this study indicate that if a @entity1 has a history consistent with @entity1939 fugax, a negative computerized tomographic scan, and a positive real-time B-mode ultrasonogram, an angiogram may not be necessary.

title: Carotid endarterectomy for XXXX fugax without angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative lesions', 'ulcerated plaque']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['embolic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['amaurosis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['amaurosis']


abstract: @entity296 , perfusion abnormalities, and the extent to which these abnormalities may be reversed by C-peptide administration was assessed in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . Eight @entity1 were studied before and during a 0.84-mg/kg @entity4341 administration using a randomized double-blind crossover protocol with infusion of C-peptide (6 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or saline during 60 min on two different days. Myocardial function was measured as peak myocardial velocity during systole (Vs) and early diastole (Vd) by pulsed tissue Doppler imaging. Myocardial contrast echocardiography was used for assessment of myocardial blood volume (SI(max)) and @entity296 ( @entity296 ) calculated from the relation between trigger interval and signal intensity. Eight age-matched healthy volunteers served as control subjects. In the basal state, Vd (13.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 15.6 +/- 0.5 cm/s, P < 0.04) and SI(max) (6.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 8.2 +/- 0.6 a.u. P < 0.04) were reduced in @entity1 compared with control subjects. Dipyridamole administration significantly increased indexes of myocardial function and blood flow to a similar extent in @entity1 and control subjects. During C-peptide administration, Vs and Vd increased by 12% (P = 0.03), SI(max) increased from 6.6 +/- 0.6 to 8.1 +/- 0.7 a.u. (P < 0.02), and @entity296 increased from 3.3 +/- 0.4 to 5.3 +/- 0.9 (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that type 1 @entity6 @entity1 have @entity296 and perfusion in the basal state that can be improved by short-term replacement of C-peptide.

title: C-peptide exerts beneficial effects on myocardial blood flow and function in XXXX with type 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial dysfunction', 'impaired myocardial function', 'MBFI', 'myocardial blood flow index']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Interest in @entity303 has increased over the past few decades. @entity64 is an important cause of @entity73 . The term vascular @entity73 is now used to describe @entity303 attributed to @entity64 or deep white matter lesions detected on imaging. Although vascular @entity73 is increasingly diagnosed, @entity195 remains the most common @entity303 worldwide. The relationship between @entity195 and vascular @entity73 is unclear, although there exists significant overlap, which prompts physicians to consider them opposite ends of a disease spectrum, rather than separate entities. There is also substantial evidence that @entity64 risk factors such as @entity101 , @entity6 ; @entity4977 , etc. are independently associated with an increased risk of @entity195 and vascular @entity73 . Evidence suggests that these risk factors have a cumulative effect on @entity195 development but not on vascular @entity73 . This is more marked in @entity195 @entity1 in the presence of the   4 allelic variant of @entity2204 . How these risk factors increase the risk of @entity303 is largely unknown. Physicians must be aware that @entity64 causes @entity303 ; that vascular risk factors appear to be independent risk factors in developing @entity303 , and that poststroke care must include cognitive assessment.

title: @entity303 , XXXX , and vascular risk factors; a review.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive problems']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']