abstract: The records of 123 @entity1 with @entity1544 presenting to the Vancouver Clinic of the British Columbia Cancer Agency from 1984 and 1988 were reviewed, and 4 were excluded from the study for various reasons. Initial treatment was surgery in 40, radiotherapy in 61, and combined in 18 @entity1 . The @entity5 was staged as TIS in 11, T1 in 57, T2 in 24, T3 in 15, T4 in 1, and undetermined in 11. Follow-up continued for a minimum of 2 years in all but five @entity1 . Lymph node @entity3 developed in 19 @entity1 , representing 18% of the 108 @entity1 with @entity3 . The size of the @entity5 correlated with the likelihood of @entity3 . The neck disease was controlled in only 8 of the 19 @entity1 with @entity3 , whereas control of the @entity5 was achieved in all but 3 @entity1 . It is concluded that the development of node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity9867 is more frequent than commonly appreciated and is associated with a high mortality rate. Close follow-up is essential to allow early detection of neck involvement. @entity146 surgery is indicated when such involvement becomes evident.

title: Impact of cervical lymph node @entity3 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity9867 :: ('MESH:D008048', 'Disease') :: ['lip cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of the lip']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'invasive cancer']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['squamous cell cancer of the lip']


abstract: OBJECT: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that kyphoplasty is an effective treatment in @entity158 , even with involvement of the posterior cortical wall. METHODS: Between December 2001 and May 2004, 74 consecutive @entity1 were treated with kyphoplasty for 118 @entity158 (38%) or burst (62%) @entity174 . Additional decompression of the spinal canal was performed in six @entity1 , internal fixation in three. Data were collected in a prospective observational design until May 2005. The preoperative workup included neuroimaging (plain x-ray films, densitometry, short tau inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography scanning) and clinical parameters (general and neurological examinations, visual analog scale [VAS], Karnofsky Performance Scale [KPS], and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF]-36). At predefined time intervals (at discharge and 6 weeks and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months posttherapy) the @entity1 were evaluated (x-ray films, neurological status, VAS, KPS, and SF-36). Kyphoplasty led to a significant reduction in @entity85 (mean +/- standard error of the mean, sagittal index: preoperative 10 +/- 1 degrees, postoperative 5 +/- 1 degrees), and an improvement in @entity158 (VAS: preoperative 70 +/- 3, postoperative 23 +/- 2), activity (KPS score: preoperative 51 +/- 3, postoperative 71 +/- 2), and mental and physical health (SF-36, mental status: preoperative 43, postoperative 58; SF-36, physical status: preoperative 24, postoperative 35). No secondary narrowing of the spinal canal by the retropulsed posterior wall was observed after the procedure. Clinical improvement was durable (mean follow up 15 +/- 1.1 months), although the VAS score secondarily increased slightly. All @entity1 , who suffered from a compression-induced @entity51 , recovered completely during the follow-up interval. The main procedural complications consisted of one symptomatic extravertebral cement leakage (permanent monoparesis) requiring open revision, two nerve root contusions (transient @entity614 ), and one wound @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Kyphoplasty is effective in the treatment of @entity158 , at least under medium-term conditions. The potential complication of procedure-related secondary narrowing of the spinal canal by the retropulsed posterior wall in burst @entity174 appears to be more of a theoretical than an actual risk.

title: Treatment of @entity158 and burst XXXX using kyphoplasty: a prospective observational design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful osteoporotic compression', 'painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures', 'pain', 'painful osteoporotic vertebral compression and burst fractures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role and impact of systemic inflammatory response after @entity510 remain to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To assess the time course and correlation of systemic inflammatory parameters with outcome and the occurrence of @entity16 ( @entity16 ) after @entity510 . METHODS: Besides the baseline characteristics, daily @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity1904 , @entity1851 levels, and leukocyte counts were prospectively measured until day 14 after @entity510 . Occurrence of infectious complications and application of therapeutic @entity2332 were assessed as confounding factors. The primary end point was outcome after 3 months, assessed by Glasgow outcome scale; the secondary end point was the occurrence of @entity16 . RESULTS: During a 3-year period, a total of 138 @entity1 were included. All inflammatory parameters measured were higher in @entity1 with unfavorable outcome (Glasgow outcome scale score, 1-3). After adjustment for confounding factors, elevated @entity650 and leukocyte counts remained significant risk factors for unfavorable outcome. The odds ratio for log @entity650 was 4.07 (95% confidence interval, 1.18 to 14.03; P = .03) and for leukocyte counts was 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.46, P = .008). The analysis of the time course established that @entity650 was the only significantly elevated parameter in the early phase in @entity1 with unfavorable outcome. Higher @entity650 levels in the early phase (days 3-7) were associated with the occurrence of @entity16 . The adjusted odds ratio for log @entity650 was 4.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.21-13.40; P = .02). CONCLUSION: Higher @entity650 levels are associated with worse clinical outcome and the occurrence of @entity16 . Because @entity650 levels were significantly elevated in the early phase, they might be a useful parameter to monitor.

title: Correlation among systemic inflammatory parameter, occurrence of delayed neurological deficits, and outcome after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['delayed ischemic neurological deficits', 'DINDs']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: Utility assessment is a formal method for quantifying and understanding the relative impact of a given health state or disease on @entity1 . In this article, methodology of utility assessment is explained and illustrated, and results of an original study are reported. The study was conducted to determine utility values ( @entity1 preferences) associated with @entity2194 and compare them to other disease utilities, as well as to compare @entity1 and physician assessments of disease. Forty-four @entity1 in the United Kingdom with moderate to severe @entity936 were surveyed via interactive utility assessment software. Utility values were measured by the Time Trade-Off (TTO) and Standard Gamble (SG) methods and adjusted to scores from 1.0=perfect health to 0.0= @entity204 . @entity1 reported utilities for: self-reported current @entity936 status, self-reported current comorbidities, various @entity936 severities, and binocular and monocular @entity158 . @entity1 's @entity936 severity was independently classified by @entity1 and physician assessments. Correlation analyses (Pearson) were performed between @entity1 ' current @entity936 and the physician-assessed severity. Agreement between self-reported and physician-reported @entity1 severity was analyzed (Kappa). @entity1 reported higher utilities for their current @entity936 than for monocular and @entity1939 (SG:0.84>0.60>0.51; TTO:0.67>0.43>0.38). Using TTO, the mean score for asymptomatic @entity936 (0.68) was similar to that for "some physical and role limitations with occasional @entity158 " and severe @entity936 requiring surgery scored (0.56) similarly to hospital dialysis (0.56-0.59) and severe @entity951 (0.5). Utilities described for scenarios of @entity936 severity levels were slightly higher for @entity1 self-reported as mild-to-moderate versus those self-reported as severe. For current @entity936 , mean utilities for these groups were 0.72 for self-reported mild-to-moderate and 0.61 for self-reported severe. Utilities for @entity936 were in the range of conditions accepted as lowering health utilities. Severe @entity936 were similar to those reported for dialysis and severe @entity951 , highlighting the impact of @entity2194 on @entity1 .

title: Utility assessment to measure the impact of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['binocular blindness']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye utilities', 'dry eye', 'dry eye condition']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful blindness', 'pain']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['dry eye disease']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) represents up to 5% of all @entity5 diagnoses and is associated with poor survival. We have performed a prospective multicentre phase 2 trial to evaluate efficacy and @entity137 of the combination of @entity136 (G) and @entity3003 (C) for @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity189 in which the primary site of @entity5 was not evident after prospectively designated investigation and who had ECOG performance status 0-2 were treated with G 1000 mg m(-2) intravenously (i.v.) days 1 and 8, and C AUC 5 i.v. on day 8 every 3 weeks to a maximum of nine cycles. The primary end points were response rate, and @entity137 , with secondary end points of progression-free survival and overall survival. Fifty-one (23 male, 27 female) @entity1 were enrolled (one @entity1 ineligible), with a median age of 69 years (range 41-83 years). Fifty @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and 46 @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy. The overall response rate to the GC regimen was 30.5%. With a median follow-up of 24 months, the median progression-free survival was 18 weeks (4.2 months) and the median overall survival was 34 weeks (7.8 months). The frequency of grade 3 or 4 @entity137 was low. @entity1209 was the most common side effect, but was usually only mild in severity. Uncomplicated @entity1398 (14%), @entity882 (10%) and @entity417 (8%) were the most common causes of grade 3-4 @entity137 . The regimen was very well tolerated, particularly in the elderly. The GC regimen is an active regimen in @entity5 with excellent tolerability and should be considered particularly for elderly @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: @entity136 and @entity3003 in XXXX of unknown primary site: a phase 2 Adelaide @entity5 Trials and Education Collaborative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'CUP', 'Cancer of unknown primary site']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: Sixty consecutive collegiate athletes with "high" ankle symptoms were prospectively evaluated over a 3-year period in an effort to better define this debilitating @entity3681 . All athletes included in this study had tenderness over the distal anterior tibiofibular ligament, tenderness proximally along the interosseous membrane, and functional disability. No study subject had a @entity174 or frank tibia-fibula @entity6877 . The severity of the sprain was quantified using the interosseous "tenderness length." A standard rehabilitation protocol was followed by all @entity1 . Athletes returned to competition when they could perform all functional testing without difficulty. Time to return to full competitive activity averaged 13.4 days. The number of days missed from competition was statistically related to the interosseous tenderness length (P = 0.0001) and to positive results on the squeeze test (P = 0.03). Fifty-three of the 60 injured athletes were evaluated at least 6 months after injury. @entity1 rated their outcomes as good or excellent. Six of the @entity1 experienced occasional @entity158 and @entity2693 , four @entity1 reported recurrent @entity3681 , and one @entity1 had @entity2736 formation.

title: Prospective evaluation of syndesmotic XXXX without @entity6877 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle injury', 'ankle sprains']

entities_list: @entity6877 :: ('MESH:D046548', 'Disease') :: ['diastasis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ankle pain']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle sprains']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy on spinal bone metastases from @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 24 ambulatory @entity1 with spinal bone metastases from @entity157 treated by radiotherapy from 1995 to 2004. Ambulatory rate and local progression-free rate after radiotherapy were analyzed. Eight (33%) of 24 @entity1 had radiographic @entity1745 from the spinal bone metastases before the treatment. Two (8.3%) of the 24 @entity1 had some spinal deficits before the treatment. Biological equivalent dose (BED) with alpha/beta ratios of 10 ranged from 39 to 50.7 Gy (median 44.8 Gy). RESULTS: The median observation period was 5.1 months ranging from 0.9 to 36.0 months. Among the 24 @entity1 , five (21%) underwent salvage therapies, while of the remaining 19 @entity1 four (21%) became nonambulatory by the last follow-up. The ambulatory rates at 3 months and 6 months were 85 and 63%, respectively. The local progression-free rates at 3 months and 6 months were 53 and 47%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy with a BED of 39-50.7 Gy (median 44.8 Gy) is not sufficiently effective for the @entity1 with spinal bone metastases from @entity157 to prevent @entity912 . Dose escalation with a highly precise radiation technique will need to be evaluated.

title: A retrospective study of radiotherapy for spinal bone metastases from XXXX ( @entity157 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of antireflux surgery in the treatment of @entity354 -induced @entity14696 (GEROD). DESIGN: A retrospective medical record analysis was performed. @entity1 demographics, @entity14696 secondary to @entity354 ( @entity354 ), method of @entity354 diagnosis, medical treatment used before antireflux surgery, and response to surgical intervention were considered. SETTING: Tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. @entity1 : Among patients undergoing antireflux surgery between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 1999, @entity1 with GEROD were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 with GEROD who failed medical therapy underwent antireflux surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The demographics of patients requiring antireflux surgery for treatment of their @entity14696 and their clinical response to surgery were reviewed. RESULTS: Fourteen (17%) of 82 @entity1 , ranging in age from 48 days to 3 years (mean age, 9.7 months), who underwent antireflux surgery for @entity354 at our institution between 1996 and 1999 were diagnosed as having GEROD. Twelve (86%) of the 14 @entity1 were found to have upper @entity1030 , including @entity4 , fixed @entity5142 , reflex @entity386 , and recurrent croup. Two @entity1 (14%) had severe chronic @entity1244 and @entity2346 media. Nine (64%) of the 14 had normal neurologic function for their age vs 5 (36%) who had @entity16 . After antireflux surgery, all 14 @entity1 with GEROD had complete resolution of clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity354 has an important role in the cause of @entity14696 . Although medical management should remain the mainstay of @entity354 therapy, antireflux surgery provided definitive and successful treatment of potentially life-threatening manifestations of GEROD.

title: XXXX and @entity14696 : the role of antireflux surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic edema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity14696 :: ('MESH:D010038', 'Disease') :: ['otolaryngologic disease', 'numerous otolaryngologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER', 'Gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combination chemotherapy with conventional antiproliferative drugs is becoming the treatment of choice for @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), a good performance status, and no major clinical contraindications. @entity19981 (LND), a new drug with an innovative mechanism of action, might potentiate anticancer activity, without increasing @entity137 . METHODS: In a Phase II study, 46 @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were assigned to receive chemotherapy with the @entity1499 , @entity632 ( @entity632 , Adria Laboratories, Columbus, @entity2145 ), @entity786 , and @entity11770 (MACC) regimen, as originally described, plus LND, 150 mg orally, three times per day. Treatment was continued until progression of disease, occurrence of unacceptable toxic effects, or refusal by the @entity1 (the median duration of MACC treatment was 6 weeks; 7 weeks for LND). RESULTS: For the whole group of @entity1 , actual dose intensities (DI) of MACC and LND were 95% and 67% of those projected (median values), respectively. There was a negative correlation between duration of chemotherapy and the DI of MACC reached in each @entity1 . On the contrary, there was no correlation between the duration of treatment with LND and its DI. The DI of LND and MACC were not correlated with each other. In all, seven objective responses (only partial responses) were observed. The overall median survival time was 42 weeks (confidence limits [CL], 20-52). The median survival length of @entity1 receiving the full dose of LND (450 mg daily for at least 1 week) was 46 weeks (CL, 28-67), as compared with the median survival of 19 weeks (lower CL, 9 weeks) for the remaining @entity1 ; this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05, Breslow test). Toxic effects were as expected with the use of MACC. They were mainly gastrointestinal (any grade of @entity137 occurring in 64% of the @entity1 ), hematologic ( @entity417 , 44%; @entity1431 , 36%; @entity882 , 8%), oral (25%), renal (14%), and cardiac (11%). There was only one treatment-related @entity204 , from @entity583 and @entity1398 . Uncommon side effects, which were attributed to LND, were mild to moderate and reversible; they included @entity925 (26%), @entity1395 (15%), @entity158 (11%), @entity227 (7%), and gastric intolerance (7%). CONCLUSIONS: MACC plus LND is a moderately active regimen in advanced @entity1149 , with foreseeable and reversible toxic effects of low-medium grade. Potential enhancements of antitumor activity and possible host survival benefits may be expected by the addition of LND to MACC, but a Phase III study must be performed to identify them.

title: A phase II study of XXXX , @entity632 , @entity786 , and @entity11770 chemotherapy and @entity19981 in advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual problems']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity19981 :: ('MESH:C016371', 'Chemical') :: ['Lonidamine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['testicle pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Antihypertensive therapy has been thought to be a life-long treatment. Nevertheless, antihypertensive medication may be discontinued in a substantial proportion of @entity101 @entity1 at least for some time. The current study focused on predictors for the development of elevated blood pressure levels after discontinuation of antihypertensive drug therapy. In an open, prospective study, 88 white male @entity1 with newly discovered essential @entity101 (age 42 +/- 7 years) were tested at baseline. Blood pressure was measured in various situations (at work, at rest, before and during treatment, and at follow-up), and the hemodynamic profile at rest and cardiovascular response patterns during stress tests were evaluated. Left ventricular mass and other @entity65 factors were also carefully determined. After 6 months of strict blood pressure control (< 140/90 mm Hg), they were treated by their primary care physician (mean duration of antihypertensive therapy 1.3 +/- 1.7 years). After 6 years, 37 @entity1 were still on antihypertensive therapy, but 19 of the 37 had blood pressure values > or = 160/95 mm Hg. In 51 @entity1 , therapy was discontinued: 29 were @entity101 , 15 were borderline @entity101 and 7 were normotensive. Relapse of @entity101 blood pressure in these 51 @entity1 off therapy was predicted by resting blood pressure values before therapy (138 +/- 11/91 +/- 5 vs. 131 +/- 11/85 +/- 7 mm Hg, p < 0.05/0.01), cardiac output at rest (7.5 +/- 1.9 vs. 6.2 +/- 2.1 l/min, p < 0.05), total peripheral resistance (20 +/- 9 vs. 14 +/- 4 U, p < 0.05), increased heart rate during ergometry (50 +/- 8 vs. 44 +/- 6 b.p.m., p < 0.05) and left ventricular mass determined by echocardiography (212 +/- 60 vs. 189 +/- 44 g, p < 0.01). There was no difference in age, blood pressure levels before and during treatment, the number of consultations with the primary care physician or @entity65 factor profiles. In conclusion, intermittent rather than life-long antihypertensive treatment may be possible in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity551 , high cardiac output, low total peripheral resistance and low left ventricular mass.

title: Discontinuation of antihypertensive therapy: prevalence of relapses and predictors of successful withdrawal in a XXXX community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['low resting blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Endoscopic resection has become a major curative treatment for early @entity14 without @entity1600 . However, @entity1600 , a poor prognostic factor in @entity14 , occurs in about 10% of the @entity1 with submucosal invasive @entity14 . Therefore, it is important to identify a high-risk factor for @entity1600 in submucosal invasive @entity14 . This study was designed to identify the relationship between @entity5 budding with @entity3546 expression and @entity1600 in submucosal invasive @entity14 . We investigated the immunohistochemistry of @entity5 budding in the 142 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection for submucosal invasive @entity14 between 1984 and 1999 and the expression pattern of @entity3546 in budding @entity5 cells. Accordingly, all the @entity1 were followed up for at least 10 years or until @entity204 . Among the 142 @entity1 , @entity1600 was detected in 14 @entity1 (9.9%). Univariate analysis showed that @entity5 budding with >=  5 @entity5 cells or cell clusters with expression of @entity3546 in the nucleus was significantly associated with @entity1600 (P = 0.005). In contrast, @entity5 budding detected by @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining was not associated with @entity1600 . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that @entity5 budding with >=  5 @entity5 cells or cell clusters with expression of @entity3546 in the nucleus was a significant risk factor for @entity1600 (odds ratio, 7.124; 95% confidence interval, 1.407-36.062). Thus, @entity5 budding associated with @entity3546 expression is a risk factor for @entity1600 in submucosal invasive @entity14 .

title: Prognostic and diagnostic significance of XXXX budding associated with @entity3546 expression in submucosal invasive @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Once thought to provide only structural support to tissues by acting as a scaffold to which cells bind, it is now widely recognized that the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides instructive signals that dictate cell behavior. Recently we demonstrated that mechanical cues intrinsic to the ECM directly regulate the behavior of pre-osteoblastic @entity19 cells. We hypothesized that one possible mechanism by which ECM compliance exerts its influence on osteogenesis is by modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. To address this hypothesis, the differentiation of @entity19 cells cultured on @entity968 ( @entity970 )-based model substrates with tunable mechanical properties was assessed. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels at days 7 and 14 were found to be significantly higher in cells grown on stiffer substrates (423.9 kPa hydrogels and rigid tissue culture @entity852 (TCPS) control) than on a soft hydrogel (13.7 kPa). @entity2450 ( @entity2450 ) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression levels followed a similar trend. In parallel, MAPK activity was significantly higher in cells cultured on stiffer substrates at both time points. Inhibiting this activation pharmacologically, using @entity4286 , resulted in significantly lower ALP levels, @entity2450 , and BSP gene expression levels on the hydrogels. Interestingly, the effectiveness of @entity4286 was itself dependent on substrate stiffness, with marked inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation in cells grown on compliant hydrogels but insignificant reduction in cells grown on TCPS. Together, these data confirm a role for MAPK in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation by ECM compliance.

title: The regulation of osteogenesis by ECM rigidity in XXXX cells requires MAPK activation.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['MC3T3-E1']


abstract: The pressure-loaded right ventricle (RV) adversely affects left ventricular (LV) function. We recently found that these ventricular-ventricular interactions lead to @entity296 through @entity14100 ( @entity14100 ) signaling. We investigated the mechanisms mediating biventricular @entity82 in RV afterload and their potential modification by angiotensin receptor blockade. An adjustable pulmonary artery band (PAB) was placed in @entity95 . In sham-operated control @entity95 , the band was left uninflated (n = 6). In the RV afterload group, the PAB was sequentially inflated to generate systemic RV pressure at 28 days (n = 8). In a third group, the PAB was inflated to systemic levels, and the angiotensin receptor blocker @entity9886 was added (n = 6). Five weeks after surgery, the animals were killed for assessments of @entity1184 , @entity82 , apoptosis, and the components of their signaling pathways. PAB animals developed @entity1184 , @entity82 , and apoptosis, versus sham @entity95 , in which these conditions were decreased with @entity9886 . RV and LV @entity14100 , @entity42724 ( @entity42724 ) (CCN2), @entity11614 ( @entity11614 ), @entity42725 , and @entity42726 mRNA levels were increased in PAB animals versus sham animals, and decreased with @entity9886 . Given the marked biventricular @entity42724 up-regulation in PAB and down-regulation with @entity9886 , we investigated @entity42724 signaling. RV and LV @entity42727 protein levels and LV @entity11613 mRNA levels were increased with PAB and reduced with @entity9886 . In conclusion, isolated RV afterload induces biventricular @entity82 and apoptosis, which are reduced by angiotensin receptor blockade. Adverse ventricular-ventricular interactions induced by isolated RV afterload appear to be mediated through @entity14100 - @entity42724 and @entity11614 pathways.

title: Adverse biventricular remodeling in isolated right ventricular hypertension is mediated by increased XXXX signaling and is abrogated by angiotensin receptor blockade.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['LV myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity42724 :: ('100008638(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['CTGF', 'connective tissue growth factor']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

answer: @entity14100 :: (100008645(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-b1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allomaternal nursing, common in several species of social mammals, also has been reported in nonhuman primates. However, the function of this behavior in enhancing @entity1 survivorship remains poorly understood. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The study was conducted on a free-ranging group of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey ( @entity21875 ) in the Baimaxueshan Natural Reserve. Direct observation and ad libitum sampling were used to record allocare behavior during a 20 month field study. @entity21875 exhibits a multilevel social organization in which a large single troop, consisting of over 100 individuals, is divided into many one-male units (OMUs: 6   41). These OMUs coordinate their daily activities, and feed, forage, travel, and rest together. Here we report on one case of @entity1 temporary adoption in which an adult female from one OMU engaged in allomaternal nursing and cared for an @entity1 from a different OMU of the same troop. This event began when the mother and her five-month-old @entity1 were found to became separated accidentally. The victim @entity1 was observed staying in another OMU. Over the next several days we observed a lactating female in the new OMU to care for and nurse both her @entity1 and the immigrant @entity1 , who also was tolerated by and cared for by the harem male. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that lactating primate females are primed to care for young @entity1 and, that the misdirected parental care hypothesis may offer the strongest explanation for allomaternal nursing in @entity21875 .

title: Evidence of allomaternal nursing across one-male units in the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity21875 :: ('61621', 'Species') :: ['Rhinopithecus bieti', 'R. bieti']

answer: @entity21875 :: (61621,Species) :: ['Rhinopithecus Bieti']


abstract: Gout is the most common @entity625 in adults nowadays. Prevalence has risen over the last decades. @entity1 over 65 years are disproportionally affected. A male/female ratio of 4:1 is diminishing after menopause (still 3:1). The relative risk of developing @entity210 increases in a linear progression with the serum @entity414 level. Other risk factors beside @entity5052 are genetic predisposition, age, male gender, adipositas, lifestyle modification, @entity740 and intake of diuretics. Many @entity210 @entity1 suffer from comorbidities. The @entity209 is associated with @entity210 . Two fifths of @entity1 with @entity210 had also @entity740 . Reasons for the rise in prevalence are longevity, dietary habits and the high prevalence of @entity1 with @entity740 in the general population.

title: [Current epidemiology of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Impingement of the L5 nerve between the transverse process of L5 and the ala of sacrum has been described as the far-out syndrome. Posterior decompression is often performed for this pathology. PURPOSE: To describe rare cases of far-out syndrome below a transitional @entity5788 who underwent anterior decompression. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A case report and a review of the literature. METHODS: Review of the hospital medical record, history, physical examination, and imaging studies. RESULTS: A 70-year-old @entity1 and a 53-year-old @entity1 presented with prolonged and progressive @entity158 . Both of the @entity1 showed @entity425 and @entity132 at L5 level and lumbosacral transitional @entity5788 on the plain radiography. Magnetic resonance imaging showed huge @entity5040 , and there was severe impingement of the L5 nerve at the anterior exit zone of the foramen. Anterior decompression was performed for both cases using a Fraser incision and resulted in successful resolution of the symptom and neurological status. CONCLUSION: In the extraforaminal stenosis of the L5 nerve with far-out syndrome below the transitional @entity5788 , entrapment occurs more anterior of exit zone of the L5 nerve foramen than in the other pathologies; anterior decompression brings in more complete decompression.

title: Anterior decompression for far-out syndrome below a transitional XXXX : a report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['leg pain and/or low back pain']

answer: @entity5788 :: (MESH:C562952,Disease) :: ['vertebra']


abstract: Cooling of the @entity1 is routinely applied in cardiac surgery to protect organs against @entity63 . @entity2332 induces activation of platelets, but the effects of temperatures such as used during cardiac surgery are not well described. To investigate this in an in-vitro study heparinized whole blood was incubated at different temperatures (37 degrees C, 34.5 degrees C, 32 degrees C, 29.5 degrees C, 27 degrees C, 24.5 degrees C, 22 degrees C, 19.5 degrees C and 17 degrees C). The effect of these temperatures on aggregation, @entity8729 expression, @entity1427 /IIIa activation and platelet microparticle (PMP) formation of unstimulated and @entity857 -stimulated platelets of 36 subjects was evaluated in flow cytometry. A four-parametric logistic model was fitted to depict the temperature effect on platelet parameters. Lower temperatures increased aggregates, @entity8729 expression, and @entity1427 /IIIa activation. The number of PMPs decreases with @entity2332 . Additional experiments revealed a slight influence of heparin on platelet @entity8729 expression but excluded an effect of this anticoagulant on the other evaluated parameters. Threshold temperatures, which mark 5% changes of platelet parameters compared to values at 37 degrees C, were calculated. On @entity857 -stimulated platelets the thresholds for @entity8729 expression and @entity1427 /IIa activation are 34.0 degrees C and 36.4 degrees C, respectively, and lie in the temperature range routinely applied in cardiac surgery. @entity2332 -induced platelet activation may develop in most @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery, possibly resulting in @entity1031 , @entity3459 , and proinflammatory leukocyte bridging by @entity8729 bearing platelets and PMPs. These findings suggest that pharmacological protection of platelets against @entity2332 -induced damage may be beneficial during cardiac surgery.

title: Critical temperature ranges of @entity2332 -induced platelet activation: possible implications for cooling XXXX in cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation defects']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To simulate a D1 lymphadenectomy in 57 @entity1 who had already been submitted to D2 lymphadenectomy, and analyze stage migration using the Japanese @entity356 Association (JGCA) staging system. METHODS: All @entity1 underwent a D2 lymphadenectomy between August 1997 and November 2001. At the end of surgery, the surgeon himself separated all lymph node stations. The parameters analyzed were: sex, age, lymph node invasion and number of dissected nodes. All @entity1 were re-staged based on the new data, in order to evaluate the stage migration according to the JGCA staging system. RESULTS: The advanced @entity5 corresponded to 80.70% and the early ones to 19.30%. In 43.90% there were positive nodes at N1 and N2 levels. The mean number of dissected lymph nodes was 28.63 in each @entity1 . In IA, IB and @entity5 , there were no changes in the stage after simulation of D1 lymphadenectomy. In @entity5 , three migrated to stage II and IB; in 21 @entity5 staged as IIIB, a migration was observed in 18; all stage IV @entity5 migrated to IIIB after the D1 simulation. CONCLUSION: a) D2 lymphadenectomy is important for the correct staging of @entity356 ; b) simulation of D1 lymphadenectomy changed the stage of advanced @entity5 , particularly in stages IIIA, IIIB, and IV; c) D2 lymphadenectomy avoided @entity1600 in almost half of the @entity1 operated.

title: [Simulation of D1 lymphadenectomy in @entity1 submitted to D2 lymphadenectomy. Prospective study of 57 XXXX with @entity356 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ten IIIA tumors', 'II tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['residual lymph node disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A @entity1 -oriented approach was adopted to examine joint developmental trajectories of physical and indirect @entity146 . @entity1 were 1183 @entity1 aged 2 years at the initial assessment and followed over 6 years. Most @entity1 followed either low or declining trajectories of physical @entity146 (PA), but 14.6% followed high stable trajectories. Approximately two-thirds of @entity1 followed low indirect @entity146 (IA) trajectories (67.9%), and one-third (32.1%) followed high rising trajectories. The results combining both PA and IA group memberships indicate that most @entity1 (62.1%) exhibit desisting levels of PA and low levels of IA. A significant proportion followed a trajectory of moderately desisting PA and rising IA (14.2%), and 13.5% followed high level trajectories of both forms of @entity146 . Virtually no @entity1 were high on one type and low on the other. Multinomial regressions analyses were used to predict joint trajectory group membership from selected @entity1 and family variables measured at 2 years. Young motherhood and low income predicted membership in the high PA-high IA trajectory, but only hostile parenting remained significant after family processes variables were entered in the model. Being a @entity1 , young motherhood, and hostile parenting were generally associated with higher levels of PA. @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to follow a trajectory of desisting PA and rising IA. The results suggest that some @entity1 , mostly @entity1 , reduce their use of PA and tend to increase their use of IA, and that highly physically aggressive @entity1 also tend to be highly indirectly aggressive. Early family risk characteristics and hostile parenting interfere with the socialization of @entity146 .

title: The joint development of physical and indirect XXXX : Predictors of continuity and change during childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'boys', 'Participants', 'boy', 'girls', 'person', 'child', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the percentage of @entity1643 or @entity13549 referred for MRI in which the main abnormality was not @entity66 . METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 634 consecutive lumbar spine MRI s in @entity1 with @entity1643 or @entity13549 performed over 6-month period (January to June 2002). The study was conducted at the University Hospital of King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All @entity1 were scanned on a 1.5-T MRI system. The examination included @entity8034 weighted sagittal images and proton density and @entity6402 weighted sagittal and axial images. Contrast enhanced images were obtained selectively. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were eliminated because they were being followed for a known diagnosis, leaving 625 @entity1 in the study group. Of these, 11 @entity1 (1.7%) had a new diagnosis of @entity3 to the bony spine, 7 of which (1.1%) had a known primary and 4 of which (0.6%) had no known @entity5 . Two @entity1 (0.3%) had @entity5 : one @entity424 and one @entity808 . Four @entity1 had non-neoplastic causes of @entity1643 including @entity1644 , @entity1512 , spondylolisthesis, and an @entity3814 . In all, 17 of 625 @entity1 (2.7%) had a new diagnosis of a treatable cause of @entity1643 or @entity13549 other than @entity66 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity1643 or @entity614 , 2.7% have significant pathologies other than @entity66 .

title: How often is @entity1643 or XXXX not due to lumbar disc disease?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disc disease']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['conus ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tumors', 'primary malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic compression fracture']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity13549 :: (MESH:D012585,Disease) :: ['sciatica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3686 is a @entity8 leading to @entity177 during adolescence. This study evaluates the outcome of living donor transplantation (Tx) from heterozygous mothers to their affected @entity1 . METHODS: Seven mothers were evaluated, and donation was refused in one because of @entity644 . RESULTS: All of the remaining six donors had microhaematuria, and one had @entity644 . Renal function was monitored after Tx (average 6.7 years in donors and 5.3 years in acceptors). Three of six donors developed new onset @entity101 , and two new onset of @entity644 . Renal function declined significantly in four donors: (1) -35% after 2 years; (2) -25% after 3 years; (3) -30% after 4 years and (4) -60% after 14 years versus before Tx. However, @entity1011 clearance remained >40 ml/min in all donors. All transplanted kidneys worked well 1 and 5 years after Tx, and one failed after 10 years. One @entity1 died from @entity693 , and the remaining four remained stable. CONCLUSION: Living donor Tx from relatives in @entity3686 families is an ambivalent option. @entity644 should be an exclusion criterion. Yet, even in donors with isolated microhaematuria, families and their physicians should be aware of an increased risk of @entity177 in donor and recipient. This risk might be minimized by careful donor evaluation including biopsy and nephroprotective strategies after Tx in both donor and recipient.

title: Living donor kidney transplantation from relatives with mild urinary abnormalities in XXXX : long-term risk, benefit and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria', 'proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['Alport', 'Alport syndrome']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3686 :: (MESH:D009394,Disease) :: ['Alport syndrome']


abstract: In 145 @entity1 with open dissectomies (virgin back) preoperative functional x-rays (flexion/extension) were available. 80 @entity1 out of this group could be used for additional postoperative functional x-rays. The mean follow-up was 28 +/- 18 months. The segmental mobility was measured using the translation in the z- and the angular rotation about the x-axis (methods of Morgan/ King and Dupuis et al.). The @entity1 were divided in 3 groups in respect to the level of operation. For each @entity1 3 segments (L3/4 to L5/S1) were analyzed. @entity1347 was defined with a translation of more than 4 mm respectively a rotation of more than 18 degrees (ROM flexion/extension). In @entity1 operated at the level of L4/5 (n = 62) segmental @entity8018 was found in 12.9% at L3/4, in 8.1% at L4/5 and in 17.7% at L5/S1. @entity1 with a discectomy at the level of L5/S1 (n = 79) showed @entity8018 in 10.1% at L3/4, in 15.1% at L4/5 and in 12.6% at L5/S1. In postoperative x-rays @entity1 with discectomy at L4/5 (n = 34) showed no significant differences after operation, neither in translation nor in rotation. In the L5/S1-discectomy group (n = 45) the mobility for rotation at the level L4/5 increased significantly from 6.7 degrees to 10.2 degrees and in the level L5/S1 from 5.2 degrees to 8.4 degrees. There was no significant difference for the translation in all 3 segments. In both discectomy groups the number of segments with @entity8018 didn't change significantly after operation.

title: [ XXXX of the spine before and following discectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Segmental hypermobility']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility', 'preoperative hypermobility']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['Segmental hypermobility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Locked plating techniques recently have gained popularity and offer a different biomechanical approach for @entity174 fixation compared with traditional compression plating. In certain clinical situations, it may be preferable to employ a "hybrid" construct, in which an unlocked screw is used to assist with reduction and locked screws are subsequently used to protect the initial reduction. In the present study, we used an unstable @entity3604 model of the humerus to determine (1) whether a hybrid construct behaved more like a locked construct or a conventional unlocked construct and (2) whether there was a difference between locked and unlocked constructs. METHODS: Thirty third-generation Sawbones humeri were divided into three groups of ten humeri each. A locking plate with combination holes was applied to each bone with use of either a locked construct, an unlocked construct, or a hybrid construct. To simulate purchase in @entity79 , all screw-holes were drilled to 0.3 mm less than the diameter of the screw used. Each specimen was then osteotomized in the middle part of the shaft, and a 5-mm segment was removed. Oscillating cyclic torsion testing was performed to +/-10 N-m for 1000 cycles, torsional stiffness was determined at periodic cyclic intervals, and the groups were compared. RESULTS: The locked and hybrid constructs demonstrated similar behavior. The initial stiffness was similar in these two groups. At ten cycles, the locked and hybrid constructs retained 96.3% and 95.4% of their initial stiffness, respectively. During the remainder of cycling the stiffness of the locked and hybrid constructs decreased in a linear fashion (R(2) = 0.89 and 0.88, respectively), and at 1000 cycles the stiffness of the locked and hybrid constructs averaged 80.0% and 79.2% of the initial values, respectively (p = 1.0). In contrast, the unlocked constructs initially were significantly less stiff than both the locked and hybrid constructs (p < 0.001). At ten cycles the unlocked constructs retained 80.4% of their initial stiffness, and at 1000 cycles they retained only 22.3% of their initial stiffness. CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid constructs are mechanically similar to locked constructs, and both are significantly more stable than unlocked constructs under torsional cyclic loading. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Combining screws in the hybrid configuration used in the present study did not compromise the mechanical performance of the construct. Hybrid constructs may decrease cost and may provide additional clinical value when treating @entity174 in @entity79 .

title: Hybrid locked plating of XXXX of the humerus.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic bone']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fractures']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: A putative @entity9953 hydrolase (NTPase) gene was identified in a database of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the apicomplexan @entity4801 . Analysis of culture-derived S. neurona merozoites demonstrated a @entity32738 -dependent NTPase activity, consistent with the presence of a homologue to the TgNTPases of @entity3204 . A complete cDNA was obtained for the S. neurona gene and the predicted @entity535 sequence shared 38% identity with the two TgNTPase isoforms from @entity3204 . Based on the obvious homology, the S. neurona protein was designated SnNTP1. The SnNTP1 cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 714 @entity1522 with a predicted 22-residue signal peptide and an estimated mature molecular mass of 70kDa. Southern blot analysis of the SnNTP1 locus revealed that the gene exists as a single copy in the S. neurona genome, unlike the multiple gene copies that have been observed in @entity3204 and Neospora caninum. Analyses of the SnNTP1 protein demonstrated that it is soluble and secreted into the culture medium by extracellular merozoites. Surprisingly, indirect immunofluorescence analysis of intracellular S. neurona revealed apical localisation of SnNTP1 and temporal expression characteristics that are comparable with the microneme protein SnMIC10. The absence of SnNTP1 during much of endopolygeny implies that this protein does not serve a function during intracellular growth and development of S. neurona schizonts. Instead, SnNTP1 may play a role in events that occur during or proximal to merozoite egress from and/or invasion into cells.

title: Identification of a XXXX -dependent @entity9953 hydrolase in Sarcocystis neurona.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasite Sarcocystis neurona']

entities_list: @entity9953 :: ('CHEBI:17326', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity32738 :: (MESH:C004848,Chemical) :: ['dithiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial therapy of @entity1320 is important to the prognosis of affected @entity1 . The choice of antimicrobial therapy must consider effectiveness, safety, cost, and antibiotic resistance, among numerous factors. However, in reality, decisions are made assuming bioequivalence between regimens, without considering the specific attributes of any particular regimen. The objective was to determine the best antibiotic regimen for @entity1 with community-acquired @entity1320 on the basis of a decision analysis that included effectiveness as well as safety, measured as adverse effects. METHODS: A decision tree was built using information from a systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness of antimicrobial regimens tested in @entity922 ( @entity922 ) and the frequency and severity of adverse effects. The quality of the articles was assessed with the Oxford criteria for @entity922 . The main outcome was preferences reported by surgeons, measured on a numeric scale. Preferences were obtained using a standard survey that reported each adverse effect with its respective intensity, reversibility, sequelae, duration of symptoms, and necessity for change of antibiotic. Each of the surgeons had to assign a value blindly from 0 to 10, where 10 was the most severe. A sensitivity analysis was conducted varying the frequency of adverse effects. RESULTS: The regimens analyzed were @entity4509 - @entity868 , @entity4509 - @entity3402 , @entity2177 - @entity868 , @entity869 - @entity5899 , @entity2756 - @entity868 , @entity3400 - @entity7120 , and ertapenem. The perceived severity of adverse effects reported were: Acute @entity4094 (8.0), severe @entity56 (7.5), @entity2167 (7.4), nephrotoxicity (7.1), antibiotic-associated @entity1960 (7.0), @entity1897 (5.3), general neurological symptoms (4.9), @entity344 (3.1), and other general symptoms (2.6). Favored regimens were @entity2756 - @entity868 (1.15), @entity869 - @entity5899 (1.24), @entity3400 - @entity7120 (1.27) and ertapenem (1.28). These strategies dominated the other therapeutic schemes. Sensitivity analysis showed no changes in the dominance reported when the frequency of adverse effects was maintained in the known clinical range. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic regimens that contain @entity581 are not bioequivalent to those without @entity581 when effectiveness and adverse effects are considered simultaneously. Antibiotic regimens that do not use @entity581 must be the first line of treatment for @entity1661 acquired in the community.

title: Decision-making analysis for selection of antibiotic treatment in XXXX using preference measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal infections', 'abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['randomized clinical trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal infection']


abstract: Many studies have found high levels of compulsory admission (CA) among non-affective psychoses. Aims of the present study were to investigate whether there was a mere association between diagnosis and CA in a cohort of 848 @entity1 referring to a Psychiatric Emergency Service in a catchment area in Turin during a 2-year period, independent of socio-demographic features, @entity146 history, and clinical status. Diagnosis as a risk factor for CA was assessed constructing a logistic regression model, using the following steps: first, assessing the association between diagnoses and CA, without controlling for confounding factors; second, entering socio-demographic factors; third, entering socio-demographic factors and @entity146 history; and fourth, entering socio-demographic, @entity146 history, and aspects of clinical presentation into the model. At step 1 @entity1 with Non Affective Psychoses, @entity162 and @entity1314 had a significantly higher CA risk, compared to @entity1 with @entity308 . At step 4 diagnosis was no longer associated with CA. History of CAs within past 5years and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) hostile-suspiciousness were positively associated with CA. Length of @entity221 , history of previous suicidal attempts and BPRS @entity308 were negatively associated with CA. Overall, the percentage of correctly predicted cases was 39.8%. The remaining 60% can be explained by inherent variability or unknown, lurking variables. Finally, the study was carried out at a single facility. Much of the increased CA likelihood in diagnostic categories might be attributable to specific symptom patterns, not to @entity1 ' severity of @entity221 or diagnosis per se.

title: Compulsory admissions of emergency XXXX inpatients in Turin: the role of diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive Disorders', 'anxiety-depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['Personality Disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Reduction or elimination of face turn and @entity5971 in the primary position while maintaining the largest possible @entity892 -free field are the major surgical @entity2341 with @entity5971 . Unsatisfactory postoperative results may occur because of limitation in adduction, poor abduction, or induced vertical deviations. Recent reports have shown enhanced results from rectus muscle transposition techniques when a lateral posterior augmentation fixation is placed. METHODS: Preoperative and postoperative data of 2 groups of subjects who had @entity2341 with @entity5971 in primary position and markedly reduced abduction were comparatively analyzed. Group A consisted of subjects who had transposition of both vertical rectus muscles to the lateral rectus muscle with a posterior lateral augmentation suture placed in each transposed muscle. Group B subjects had transposition of both vertical rectus muscles to the lateral rectus muscle without the posterior lateral augmentation suture. RESULTS: A total of 32 subjects in group A and 22 subjects in group B were analyzed. In group A, anomalous head position improved 19.1 degrees +/- 10.3 degrees compared with group B subjects who improved 10.6 degrees +/- 5.8 degrees (P <.05). In group A, @entity5971 in primary position improved 16.4 +/- 9.2 @entity1726 compared with group B subjects who improved 8.5 +/- 6.9 @entity1726 (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with @entity2341 and @entity5971 in primary position who had undergone augmented transposition of the vertical rectus muscles obtained improved head position and better alignment in primary position and had a reduction in the incidence of reoperation for undercorrection when compared with similar @entity1 who had undergone vertical rectus muscle transposition without posterior lateral augmentation sutures.

title: Vertical rectus muscle augmented transposition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2341 :: ('MESH:D004370', 'Disease') :: ['goals in Duane syndrome', 'Duane syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity2341 :: (MESH:D004370,Disease) :: ['Duane syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is a prevalent disease with marked effects on quality of life and economic societal burden. However, the cause of @entity565 and its pathophysiology are not completely defined. Recently, the possibility that @entity281 may play a role has been suggested. OBJECTIVE: We sought to define the association between @entity9463 and @entity1047 species and chronic @entity565 . METHODS: We performed a comparison study of @entity748 @entity1 and normal control subjects. Fifty-five @entity1 with chronic stable @entity565 were compared with 11 normal control subjects by using PCR, culture, and serology for @entity9463 species, @entity1047 species, and viruses from the nasopharynx, lung, and blood. Bronchoalveolar lavage cell count and differential, as well as tissue morphometry, were also evaluated. Computer-generated scoring for the degree of chronic @entity1244 in @entity748 @entity1 was additionally evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-one of 55 @entity748 @entity1 had positive PCR results for @entity9463 (n = 25) or @entity1047 species (n = 6), which were mainly found on lung biopsy specimens or in lavage fluid. Only 1 of 11 normal control subjects had positive PCR results for @entity9463 species. The distinguishing phenotype between @entity748 @entity1 with positive and negative PCR results was the significantly greater number of tissue mast cells in the group with positive results. CONCLUSION: A significant number of @entity1 with chronic stable @entity565 demonstrate the presence of @entity9463 species, @entity1047 species, or both in their airways, with the distinguishing feature of increased mast cell number. These findings need further delineation but may help us to understand the pathophysiology of @entity565 and new treatment options.

title: A link between chronic @entity565 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity9463 :: ('MESH:D009175', 'Disease') :: ['Mycoplasma']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['chronic infection']


abstract: @entity8719 is a @entity79 of complex etiology. Persistent @entity805 infection of the otic capsule could increase the expression level of @entity805 receptors ( @entity806 ) on the osteoclasts and endothelial cells of the otosclerotic foci. Presence of @entity805 RNA was demonstrated in the footplates of histologically diagnosed otosclerotic @entity1 by RT-PCR; however, no reports were available about the @entity806 expression pattern and level in @entity8719 . Nucleic acid was extracted from stapes footplates of clinically otosclerotic @entity1 (N = 116). Genomic RNA of @entity805 was amplified by RT-PCR. Amplification results were correlated with postoperative histologic and @entity806 specific immunhistologic findings. Among 116 stapes fixation cases, 87 otosclerotic stapes contained @entity805 RNA. Histology for virus negative stapes (N = 29) represented @entity179 with heterogeneous histopathology. Active @entity8719 was featured by increased numbers of osteoclasts showing strong @entity806 expression. In virus negative, non-otosclerotic stapes fixation and in normal stapes footplates weak @entity806 immunoreaction was demonstrated on the osteocytes and fibroblasts. In @entity8719 , it is reasonable to assume that @entity805 increases the expression level of its own cellular receptor. Furthermore, intensive @entity806 reaction could relate to active virus replication and continuous receptor internalisation. @entity8719 is a disease of @entity132 due to persistent @entity805 infection and special @entity806 receptor pattern of the otic capsule.

title: Expression of XXXX receptors in otosclerotic, non-otosclerotic and in normal stapes footplates.

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['disturbed osteoid turnover']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis', 'Otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone remodeling disorder']

entities_list: @entity805 :: ('11234', 'Species') :: ['measles virus']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disorders']

answer: @entity805 :: (11234,Species) :: ['measles virus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Diving accidents affecting the inner ear are much more common than was once thought. Among the 319 @entity1 treated in our clinic between January 2002 and November 2005, 46 cases involved 44 divers with symptoms of acute @entity389 . The objective of the present article is to investigate the symptoms of the @entity697 and assess any residual damage. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records were used to study the cases of 18 divers treated for @entity389 @entity221 on 20 occasions and 26 divers who had @entity389 . The symptoms of the disorder at the beginning of treatment, latency period before the first therapeutic measures, kind of initial therapy, symptoms after the accident, and hearing and balance functions at the last examination in our clinic were assessed. Divers with @entity389 @entity221 were examined via means of transcranial or carotid Doppler ultrasonography for the presence of a vascular right-to-left (R/L) shunt. RESULTS: Of 18 divers with @entity389 @entity221 , 17 reported vertigo as the main symptom. In one diver, the @entity389 @entity221 was manifested bilaterally. The divers with @entity389 @entity221 had been treated with hyperbaric @entity26 therapy in 14 of 20 cases; the average latency period before the start of therapy was 40 hours (median, 10 h). In 15 (83%) of 18 @entity1 , a large R/L shunt was detected, and in 14 (78%) of 18 @entity1 , residual cochleovestibular damage was detected. Only 9 of 26 @entity1 with @entity389 mentioned feeling dizzy, and in no @entity1 was vertigo the main symptom. Twenty-one @entity1 complained of @entity392 , whereas 20 complained of @entity393 . The @entity393 ranged from an unobtrusive difference of 10 dB between the ears up to @entity2319 . Three @entity1 were subjected to tympanoscopy because of suspected rupture of the round window membrane. Of @entity1 with @entity389 , 78% had residual cochleovestibular damage. CONCLUSION: We describe for the first time a @entity1 with bilateral manifestation of @entity389 @entity221 . Inner ear decompression @entity221 is frequently associated with a R/L shunt; therefore, after a diving accident, the @entity1 's fitness to dive should be assessed via a specialist in diving medicine. Both decompression @entity221 and @entity11283 of the inner ear result in residual cochleovestibular damage in more than three of four @entity1 .

title: @entity11283 and decompression XXXX of the inner ear: 46 cases during treatment and follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disorders']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['complete deafness']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear decompression', 'inner ear disorders', 'inner ear barotrauma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity11283 :: ('MESH:D001469', 'Disease') :: ['barotrauma']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity542 ( @entity542 ) is known to be a major determinant of mortality in @entity1 with @entity1230 but additional injuries also contribute to the clinical outcome. The @entity130 Registry of the German Society for @entity130 Surgery offers sufficient data for comparative outcome analysis in relation to the injury pattern. METHODS: A total of 21,356 cases from @entity130 Registry of the German Society for @entity130 Surgery with complete data for pattern of injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS], Injury Severity Score), the incidence of hospital mortality, organ failure, @entity295 , duration of hospital stay, and intubation-free days. Maximum AIS severity of @entity542 , including brain, skull, face, and cervical spine, and @entity130 (TEI) were used for comparative subgroup analysis. RESULTS: Overall mortality rate was 13.7% (mean age, 41.3 years; 72.6% @entity1 ; mean Injury Severity Score, 24.4). @entity1 with relevant @entity542 (AISHI >/=3) were found to have a higher mortality rate (22.1%) than @entity1 with relevant TEI (12.9%). In all @entity542 severity subgroups mortality increased consistently by about 5% with TEI of grade 4, and by 15% with TEI of grade 5, but no increase is observed for lower severity grades. The incidence of organ failure (overall 31.4%), @entity881 (15.0%), and @entity295 (9.9%) are mainly influenced by the severity of TEI. Intubation-free days are equally influenced by both types of injuries of grade 3 or higher. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality in @entity1 with severe @entity130 is mainly determined by the severity of @entity542 , while TEI contribute consistently only from AIS grade 4 or higher.

title: XXXX and outcome--what influence do concomitant injuries have?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury', 'HI']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to the torso and/or extremities', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head injury']


abstract: Tricyclic antidepressants, especially @entity3659 ( @entity3660 ), are widely used by @entity1 who require tests of autonomic function. @entity3660 effects autonomic function, but its quantitative and differential effects are not known. We prospectively evaluated the effect of @entity3660 on sudomotor (M3 receptor), @entity10707 in 6 subjects, aged 20-40 years before, during, and 48 hours after @entity3660 75 mg/d. M3 receptor function was evaluated using QSART (quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test) recordings from four sites, M2 receptor function from cardiovagal studies [HR response to deep breathing (HRDB) and the Valsalva ratio (VR)], and adrenergic function from an analysis of beat-to-beat BP responses to tilt and the Valsalva maneuver. Plasma @entity3660 was determined from blood samples obtained within 2 hours of autonomic testing. QSART volume was reduced by 47% by @entity3660 (P = 0.01), and recovered to 81% of baseline following a 48-hour washout. HRDB was unaffected by @entity3660 (P > 0.05). VR was increased by 10% (NS) with @entity3660 and by 14% (P < 0.05) with washout. The percent change in hemodynamic parameters by @entity3660 were: orthostatic reduction in @entity13519 , 62% (NS); orthostatic HR increment, 66%, (P = 0.03); and phase IIe @entity13519 decrement, 665%, (P = 0.02). We conclude that @entity3660 in the moderate doses used, resulted in greater inhibition of M3 than M2 receptors. The BP, HR, and beat-to-beat BP alterations likely reflect adrenergic inhibition resulting in a reduction in effective plasma volume. A washout of 48 hours is adequate for muscarinic but not adrenoreceptors.

title: Differential effects of XXXX on sudomotor, cardiovagal, and adrenergic function in @entity1 subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity10707 :: ('MESH:D020143', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovagal (M2) and adrenergic functions']

answer: @entity3659 :: (MESH:D000639,Chemical) :: ['amitriptyline']


abstract: We report 2 cases of vertical implantation of Intacs (Addition Technology) for the correction of @entity9042 with temporal cones. Case 1 was a 16-year-old @entity1 . In the left eye, the refraction was -4.50 x 100, with an uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 0.5 and a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.7. The flattest meridian (K1) was 43.7@100 and the steepest meridian (K2), 46.9@10. Case 2 was a 20-year-old @entity1 . In the left eye, the refraction was -6.00 -7.00 x 100, with a UCVA of 0.05 and a BCVA of 0.1; K1 was 51.3@25 and K2, 55.1@115. In each @entity1 , 2 Intacs segments of 0.45 mm and 0.25 mm were inserted in the temporal and nasal regions, respectively. One year postoperatively, the UCVA was 0.7 and 0.3 in Case 1 and Case 2, respectively, and the BCVA was 0.8 and 0.5, respectively. The postoperative refraction was -2.50 x 110 in Case 1 and -5.25 x 95 in Case 2. Based on the localization of the cone, Intacs implantation appeared to improve visual acuity in keratoconic @entity1 .

title: Topography-guided vertical implantation of Intacs using a femtosecond laser for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate vaginal size and sexual activity after different techniques of feminization of external genitalia in @entity1 with @entity4998 . DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: @entity4998 @entity1 seen at our institution. @entity1 (S): Three female and 20 male @entity4998 raised as females. INTERVENTION(S): Bilateral orchidectomy, feminization of external genitalia (clitoridectomy or clitoroplasty, urogenital sinus enlargement), and/or neovaginoplasty or @entity384 with acrylic molds. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Psychological evaluation, vaginal size, and quality of intercourse. RESULT(S): All @entity1 referred sexual drive to @entity1 . Fifty percent of the @entity1 who were submitted to neovaginoplasty @entity158 or @entity548 during sexual intercourse. On the other hand, 87% of the @entity1 who were submitted to @entity384 with acrylic molds, after genitoplasty or not, referred satisfactory sexual intercourse. All @entity1 who were submitted to clitoroplasty referred orgasm and 29% of the @entity1 submitted to clitoridectomy referred no orgasm. Of three @entity1 with @entity12554 , two became pregnant and delivered normal @entity1 through cesarian section. CONCLUSION(S): In @entity4998 with female social sex, surgical correction of external genitalia performed in childhood and @entity384 with acrylic molds performed when they wished to start having sexual intercourse resulted in best outcome.

title: Management of @entity4998 in XXXX : new perspectives on @entity384 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudohermaphrodite', 'pseudohermaphroditism', 'pseudohermaphrodites']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal dilation']

entities_list: @entity12554 :: ('MESH:C535979', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['referred pain']

answer: @entity4998 :: (MESH:D012734,Disease) :: ['pseudohermaphrodites']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity664 ( @entity664 ) is highly expressed in the myocardium in some @entity299 , such as @entity63 -reperfusion and cardiac allograft rejection. However, whether @entity664 has any effects on myocardial contraction is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the effects of @entity664 on myocardial contractility using isolated adult @entity35 cardiac myocyte preparations. @entity664 exerted a direct negative inotropic effect that was concentration and time dependent. The pretreatment of myocytes with a neutralizing anti- @entity664 antibody (100 ng/mL) abolished the negative inotropic effects of @entity664 (100 ng/mL). Platelet-derived @entity2140 (12.5 ng/mL) and transforming @entity2140 -beta (1 ng/mL) did not exert such effects, which indicated that @entity664 -induced negative inotropism was considered to be specific for this @entity2140 . @entity664 decreased the peak intracellular @entity141 transient by 46% during systole. The enhanced production of @entity842 was unlikely to be responsible for the @entity664 -induced negative inotropic effect. CONCLUSIONS: @entity664 , primarily a potent growth promoter, produced acute negative inotropic effects in the adult cardiac myocyte that could have resulted from alterations in intracellular @entity141 homeostasis. The negative inotropic effect of @entity664 may contribute to @entity296 associated with @entity63 -reperfusion injury and @entity299 .

title: Negative inotropic effect of basic fibroblast XXXX on adult @entity35 cardiac myocyte.

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart transplant rejection', 'cardiac disorders']

answer: @entity2140 :: (79215(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['growth factor']


abstract: In Mali, according to @entity24053 III (Demographic and Health Survey) in 2001, the global rate of @entity3147 (weight for age <2 sd) among under-five @entity1 was 38%. The purpose of this study was to assess the management of @entity3147 in @entity1 (0-59 months old) by the professionals in the intervention areas of 'Strategy for Accelerated @entity1 Survival and Growth', according to IMCI guidelines. We carried out a cross-sectional survey in three randomly selected health districts (Kolokani, Niono and Koro) and involved 27 health centres, 180 @entity1 and 180 mothers. We did direct observation of consultations and interrogated the mothers. The study found that the equipement and tools necessary for nutritional status assessment were available but seldom used in practice. Nutrition training was provided only to the health staff of Kolokani where 78% of the staff were trained in IMCI and 55% in IEC (Information Education and Communication). The indicatory weight-for-age was used to assess nutritional status of 64% @entity1 in Kolokani vs. 42% in Koro and 4% in Niono. IMCI classification was used only in Kolokani (57% of @entity1 ). The management of severe malnbutrition in @entity1 was more correct in Kolokani (100%) than in Koro (33%) and Niono (0%). Twenty- eight percent of mothers/caretakers knew the appropiate duration of exclusive breastfeeding, but only 5% knew that @entity904 supplementation should be done every 6 months. Our findings suggest that nutritional status assessment is performed better in the health districts where staffs are training in IMCI. We recommend training the health staff in the other health districts and the intensification of behavioural change communication for mothers.

title: Management of XXXX in rural Mali.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: 1. @entity17057 ( @entity7312 ) and @entity3044 have been compared for effects on heart rate, diastolic blood pressure and contractions of soleus and tibialis muscles in @entity4486 -anaesthetized @entity468 and on in vitro @entity840 soleus muscles. 2. All effects of @entity7312 were similar to those of @entity3044 . Maximal responses were the same and responses to both drugs were antagonized by @entity1169 . 3. @entity7312 produced an increase in heart rate, a @entity551 and a decrease in the @entity2701 and degree of fusion of incomplete tetanic contractions of the soleus, being, respectively, 12.9, 14.7 and 19.6 times less potent than @entity3044 . The similarity in potency ratios suggests that @entity7312 is a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist. 4. Effects on the @entity840 soleus in vitro were similar to those in the cat soleus. 5. In the cat, @entity7312 enhanced the @entity2701 and duration of tibialis twitches, but the tibialis was about ten times less sensitive than the soleus to the effects of @entity7312 . 6. @entity7312 deepened @entity4094 in partially curarized cat soleus and tibialis preparations. Doses required were ten times greater than for direct depressant effects on the soleus. 7. Agents which depress the @entity2701 and fusion of incomplete tetanic contractions of the cat soleus via beta-adrenoceptor stimulation cause @entity400 in @entity1 by peripheral effects on slow muscle fibres. @entity7312 is likely to exert such actions. This may explain why levodopa (a precursor of @entity7312 ) sometimes precipitates a @entity400 crisis in Parkinsoniam @entity1 , and why Parkinsonian @entity400 is relatively refractory to levodopa therapy. In such @entity1 combination therapy with levodopa and a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibi;or (to reduce levels of @entity7312 ) or a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist (to block the effects of @entity7312 on slow muscle fibres) could be advantageous.

title: Actions of @entity17057 on the cardiovascular system and skeletal muscles of the anaesthetized cat and on XXXX soleus muscle in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity17057 :: ('MESH:D013765', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrahydropapaveroline']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['fall in diastolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraventricular conduction in @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) has been characterized to test the hypothesis that @entity17181 will cause dispersion of activation throughout the ventricular myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of 37 @entity1 with @entity1121 , four had spontaneous @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ), five had nonsustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), 13 had no risk factors, and 15 had a family history of @entity944 . These @entity1 and four controls were studied by pacing one site in the right ventricle and recording electrograms from three other right ventricular sites. These electrograms were high-pass filtered to emphasize small deflections due to activation of small bundles of myocytes close to the electrode. Intraventricular conduction curves were obtained with S1S2 coupling intervals decreasing in 1-msec steps from 479 msec to ventricular effective refractory period (VERP). These curves were repeated by pacing each RV site in turn and were characterized by two parameters: the point at which latency increased by 0.75 msec/20 msec reduction of the S1S2 coupling interval and an increase in electrogram duration between an S1S2 of 350 msec and VERP. @entity1 with @entity2224 , @entity1165 , and family history of @entity944 had a mean increase in electrogram duration of 12.8 (2.9-32.3) msec versus 4.6 (-4.2 to 14.0) msec in low-risk @entity1 and controls. Electrogram latency increased at an S1S2 of 363 msec in the @entity2224 group (342-386), 269 msec in the controls (266-279), and 326 msec in the non- @entity2224 group (260-399). Discriminant analysis separated @entity2224 @entity1 from the remainder (p less than 0.0001) and @entity2224 , @entity1165 , and family history of @entity944 @entity1 from the low-risk and control groups (p less than 10(-6)). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1121 who are at risk of @entity944 have increased dispersion and inhomogeneity of intraventricular conduction, and this may create the conditions for reentry and arrhythmogenesis.

title: XXXX in @entity1121 is associated with increased fractionation of paced right ventricular electrograms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity17181 :: ('MESH:C580316', 'Disease') :: ['myofibrillar disarray']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['Ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1289 inhibitors are widely used in treating @entity101 and @entity712 , but the sites and mechanisms of @entity1289 inhibition in @entity1 blood vessels are not understood. The present study was undertaken to assess the sites and extent of in vivo inhibition of @entity1289 by long-term @entity4687 treatment in different layers of the internal mammary artery in @entity1 with @entity741 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity741 were treated either with @entity4687 (4 mg/d PO) for up to 36 days before surgery (n = 9) or without the inhibitor as control subjects (n = 7). The segments of the internal mammary artery were collected for measurement of vascular free and total @entity1289 by quantitative in vitro autoradiography with 125I-351A binding. The @entity1 treated with @entity4687 had lower plasma @entity1289 (P < .001) and plasma angiotensin (Ang) II-to-Ang I ratio (P < .05). In the internal mammary artery, free @entity1289 was similarly inhibited by @entity4687 in the endothelium (P < .05) and adventitia (P < .05), and the free @entity1289 -to-total @entity1289 ratio, an index of @entity1289 inhibition, was markedly decreased by @entity4687 in parallel in the endothelium (P < .001) and adventitia (P < .001). Moreover, plasma @entity1289 correlated highly with vascular @entity1289 in the endothelium (r = .85, P < .001) or adventitia (r = .78, P < .001), and mean arterial pressure correlated significantly with free @entity1289 in the endothelium (r = .52, P < .05) or adventitia (r = .53, P < .05) and with the plasma Ang II-to-Ang I ratio (r = .53, P < .05). Light microscopic autoradiographs of 125I-351A binding revealed a marked inhibition of @entity1289 by @entity4687 in both layers of the vascular wall. CONCLUSIONS: The present demonstrates that long-term administration of @entity4687 potently inhibits both endothelial and adventitial @entity1289 to a comparable degree in the @entity1 internal mammary artery. These results indicate that @entity4687 effectively penetrates the vascular wall to inhibit @entity1289 in the adventitia, thus providing evidence that @entity4687 may be beneficial in inhibiting both circulating Ang II and its local formation in the vascular wall.

title: @entity4687 chronically inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme in both the endothelium and adventitia of the internal mammary artery in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: Over a 15-year period we observed seven @entity1 (four @entity1 , three @entity1 ) who presented within the first months of life with severe @entity177 and @entity520 , associated with @entity101 in five @entity1 and @entity2011 in four. In addition, one @entity1 had a severe @entity409 . In two families, a similarly affected sibling had died previously. Four @entity1 were referred with the clinical diagnosis of @entity8 because of moderate @entity8 , but renal imaging (intravenous pyelography and ultrasonography) did not confirm this diagnosis. A renal biopsy, performed in all @entity1 , showed similar features characterized by a diffuse chronic @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ) and particularly by the presence of microcystic dilatation of proximal tubules and Bowman's space. Liver pathology was normal in two @entity1 , including one with @entity382 . However, in the @entity1 with @entity1448 there was inflammatory portal @entity82 with mild duct proliferation. Progression of the @entity8 was extremely rapid and all @entity1 reached @entity454 ( @entity454 ) before the age of 2 years (11-22 months). Two @entity1 had successful renal transplants. Although this chronic @entity1986 shares some features with @entity12000 , we suggest that it represents a distinct entity both on clinical and morphological grounds. The specific clinical features of this disease are its early onset and rapid progression to @entity454 . Pathologically, it differs from @entity12000 by the absence of medullary cysts and thickened tubular basement membranes and by the presence of cortical microcysts.

title: Infantile chronic XXXX with cortical microcysts: variant of @entity12000 or new disease entity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'girls', 'children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease', 'enlargement of kidneys', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity12000 :: ('MESH:C537699', 'Disease') :: ['nephronophthisis']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulo-interstitial nephritis', 'TIN']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRF', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1986 :: (MESH:D009395,Disease) :: ['tubulo-interstitial nephritis']


abstract: @entity565 is a condition characterised by a chronic immunoinflammatory response to different triggers. @entity6421 (NPT) is synthesised by @entity1 macrophages upon stimulation with @entity379 and is also capable of enhancing the oxidative potential of reactive @entity26 species. NPT is useful for the monitoring of cell-mediated (Th1-type) immune activation. This study analysed the behaviour of NPT in long lasting @entity565 , considering its role as a marker of Th1 environment. @entity56 (skin prick tests, Immunoglobin E (IgE), and eosinophil count) and NPT were evaluated in an @entity748 group and in a control group. We also analysed the @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) concentration, Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and @entity224 Dismutase Enzyme (SOD) in both groups. A group of individuals aged over 65 years old was selected. It included 64 @entity748 @entity1 (72+/-5 years) and 41 healthy individuals (79+/-7 years). Blood cell counts showed statistically different median values of eosinophils (5.42+/-4.7 vs 2.8+/-2.8;p<.04), IgE (493.2+/-549.8 vs 85.3+/-194.UI/ml; p=.000) and NPT was non-statistically decreased (2.4+/-2.8 vs 4.0+/-4.7 ng/ml) in allergic @entity748 @entity1 when compared with non-allergic @entity748 @entity1 . Both allergic and non-allergic @entity748 @entity1 presented a statistically significant decreased expression of TAS (0.84+/-0.14/0.86+/-0.11 vs 0.91+/-0.10 mM) and SOD (584.8+/-108.7/595.6+/-235.9 vs 822.9+/-179.5) when compared with normal control subjects. Our results suggest macrophage involvement in @entity565 pathogenesis. The deficit in antioxidant defence impacts negatively on this disease. The increase of NPT values in @entity56 consolidates these affirmations and mapping this parameter should be part of the work of an analytical study panel as it may lead to @entity56 being distinguished from @entity56 .

title: The evaluation of @entity6421 and antioxidants in long lasting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['Neopterin']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['non- allergic asthma', 'Allergic parameters', 'non-allergic asthma', 'allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['Superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['CRP', 'C Reactive Protein']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']