abstract: AIM: A prospective study was conducted to assess the feasibility of simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIB IMRT) in our setting. Acute @entity137 encountered during and immediately after treatment are reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute @entity137 data prospectively collected during the treatment of the evaluable 28 @entity1 with two SIB IMRT schedules were analysed. @entity137 was graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 system. Twenty-one @entity1 were treated with the SIB72 schedule, delivering 72, 66 and 57 Gy in 33 fractions to the gross @entity5 volume, the high-risk clinical target volume and the low-risk clinical target volume, respectively, whereas seven @entity1 were treated with the SIB66 schedule, delivering 66, 60 and 54 Gy in 30 fractions to the above volumes. No chemotherapy was given during the course of treatment. Descriptive analysis of the incidence and actuarial analysis of the duration of @entity137 are presented. RESULTS: Grade 3 or greater acute mucosal and actinic @entity137 were seen 42.9 and 14.3% of the @entity1 , respectively. Mucosal @entity137 appeared by the second week in most @entity1 . Atypical patterns of @entity33 were encountered, including one @entity1 with prolonged grade 4 mucosal ulceration in the SIB72 schedule. Grade 3 weight loss was seen in 10.57% of @entity1 . Grade 3 @entity158 was seen in 70% and grade 3 @entity1282 in 10% during treatment. CONCLUSION: SIB IMRT as used in this study was feasible, although associated with increased rates of mucosal and dermal @entity137 .

title: Acute XXXX experienced during simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy in head and neck cancers--experience from a north Indian @entity5 centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicities']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to distinguish the optimal mesh fixation technique used in laparoscopic @entity4037 repair (LVHR). A particular fixation technique of the mesh to the abdominal wall is required, which should be strong enough to prevent migration of the mesh and, at the same time, keep injury to the abdominal wall minimal to prevent postoperative discomfort and @entity158 . METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed in the PubMed database from its onset until November 2012. All series of at least 30 @entity1 operated by laparoscopy for a @entity4037 , with the use of a standardized surgical technique well-defined in the    Methods    section, and with a follow-up of at least 12 months were included. The series were categorized according to the technique of mesh fixation described:    tacks and sutures,       tacks only,    and    sutures only.    For each treatment group, the recurrence rate was adjusted to the number of @entity1 treated and the 95 % confidence interval was calculated. No overlap between two intervals was defined as a significant difference in recurrence rate. RESULTS: A total of 25 series were included for statistical evaluation. Thirteen trials used both tacks and sutures, ten used only tacks, and two used only sutures. Overall recurrence rate was 2.7 % (95 % CI [1.9   3.4 %]). CONCLUSION: None of the currently available mesh fixation techniques used for LVHR was found to be superior in preventing @entity547 as well as in reducing @entity490 . The @entity158 reported was remarkably high with all different fixation devices. Further research to develop solid and atraumatic fixation devices is warranted.

title: XXXX repair: is there an optimal mesh fixation technique? A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall pain']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia recurrence']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['Laparoscopic ventral hernia']


abstract: The purpose of this article is to report the initial experience with endovascular repair of @entity2333 in a single tertiary vascular unit in northwestern Greece. Between 2003 and 2005, 16 @entity1 were treated with endovascular techniques for various pathologies of the descending thoracic aorta. Twelve @entity1 were treated electively and four emergently. Operative and follow-up data for a mean time of 18.4 months were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Primary technical success was obtained in 14 (87.5%) cases. No early or late @entity204 occurred, and there was no major operation-related complication. No @entity451 was observed in our @entity1 . Stent graft-related complications occurred in 18.75% (one type 2 and two type 3 endoleaks), but they all had a favorable outcome. No further problems have been reported in any of our @entity1 . Endovascular stent graft repair for diseases of the thoracic aorta seems to be a promising alternative to open surgery, especially for high-risk @entity1 . Long-term results are needed to confirm the early benefit of this treatment option with regard to morbidity and mortality rates. The potential of this technique to be applicable even in relatively small, tertiary vascular centers might be of great benefit to @entity1 .

title: Endovascular repair for XXXX : tertiary single-center experience in northwestern Greece.

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic disease']


abstract: @entity2023 is a common condition among schoolchildren. However, little is known about the prevalence of nasal @entity1712 . We investigated the prevalence of @entity2490 via questionnaire and nasal smears for eosinophils. The questionnaire was administered in 1992 and 1995. Complete responses were obtained from 1044 and 431 schoolchildren, respectively, of whom 26.5% and 22.5% claimed to have nasal symptoms. Nasal smears were taken in 1992, 1993 and 1994, and 415, 285 and 384 samples were collected, respectively. Positive @entity1712 were seen in 39.8%, 35.1% and 35.9% @entity1 in 1992, 1993 and 1994, respectively. In 1992, we utilized both questionnaire and nasal smears simultaneously to evaluate 415 schoolchildren. Of 415 schoolchildren, 72 (17.3%) had both nasal symptoms and nasal @entity1712 . Interestingly, those who showed positive @entity1712 in 1992, especially those who had @entity1712 with nasal symptoms, had significantly higher incidence of nasal symptoms three years later in 1995 than those who showed negative @entity1712 in 1992. These results suggest that nasal @entity1712 in schoolchildren are associated with subsequent nasal symptoms, and that nasal smear examination may be a potentially valuable test to predict prolonged or recurrent @entity2023 .

title: Prevalence and prediction of XXXX using questionnaire and nasal smear examination in schoolchildren.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is being increasingly described in neurocritical care practice. The mechanisms driving this phenomenon are largely unknown. The aim of this project was therefore to explore changes in renal function, cardiac output (CO), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations in @entity1 with isolated @entity131 ( @entity131 ). This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a tertiary level university affiliated ICU. @entity1 with normal plasma @entity1011 concentrations (< 120  mol/L) at admission and no history of @entity740 , admitted with isolated @entity131 , were eligible for enrolment. Continuous CO measures were obtained using arterial pulse waveform analysis. 8-h urinary @entity1011 clearances (CLCR) were used to quantify renal function. ANP concentrations in plasma were measured on alternate days. Data were collected from study enrolment until ICU discharge, @entity204 , or day 15, which ever came first. Eleven @entity1 , contributing 100 ICU-days of physiological data were enrolled into the study. Most @entity1 were young @entity1 , requiring mechanical ventilation. The median ICU length of stay was 9.6 [7.8-13.0] days. Elevated CLCR measures (> 150mL/min) were frequent, and appeared to parallel changes in CO. Plasma ANP concentrations were also significantly elevated over the study period (minimum value = 243 pg/mL). These data suggest that @entity8 is likely to complicate the care of @entity131 @entity1 with normal plasma @entity1011 concentrations, and may be driven by associated cardiovascular changes, and/or elevated plasma ANP concentrations. However, significant additional research is required to further understand these findings.

title: XXXX ( @entity8 ) in @entity131 ( @entity131 ): A single-center observational study of atrial natriuretic peptide, cardiac output, and @entity1011 clearance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Augmented renal clearance', 'ARC']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Augmented renal clearance']


abstract: @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) and @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) are clinical manifestations of the same entity, @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). In approximately 25% of @entity1 , the first manifestation of @entity1151 is @entity944 . We carried out a prospective study at the forensic pathology service of the Institute of Legal Medicine in Seville with the aim to know the incidence of @entity1151 as well as to describe the epidemiological, pathological and clinical characteristics of these @entity204 and associated risk factors. In the study period (32 months) 32 cases of @entity1151 were registered from a total of 2447 completed autopsies. Three cases were considered accidental @entity204 and the remaining 29 cases were sudden natural @entity204 , which represents 1.3% of the total autopsies, 2.6% of natural @entity204 and 4.3% of sudden @entity204 . Nineteen cases (59%) were @entity1 (mean age 50.3+/-13.8, range 22-74 years) and 13 cases (41%) were @entity1 (mean age 50.3+/-13.8, range 18-87 years). In 78% of cases @entity204 occurred at home or during transfer to a health care centre, mainly during the fall or winter (69%) and between 8a.m. and 4p.m. (47%). @entity8995 was associated only in two cases (6%). Nine cases (28%) had been immobilized but only three (9%) received anticoagulant therapy. Surgical interventions had occurred in seven cases (22%). A history of @entity146 pathology was found in 31%. Overweight or @entity28 was found in 75%. The most frequent symptoms prior to @entity204 were @entity1353 (31%) and @entity662 (19%), and 19% of @entity1 were examined in an Emergencies Department for symptoms compatible with @entity1150 and/or @entity1151 , but this diagnosis was not suspected in any case. @entity1151 frequently makes its first appearance as @entity944 . In addition to the classic risk factors, this study highlights that 75% of the cases were overweight/ @entity28 as well as 31% having had a history of @entity146 and treatment as to support that this association should be considered as a risk factor. @entity1151 continues to be under diagnosed in Emergencies Department @entity1 , which hinders the application of adequate therapeutic measures to prevent these @entity204 .

title: @entity1151 and XXXX : prospective study on 2477 forensic autopsies performed at the Institute of Legal Medicine in Seville.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden-unexpected death', 'sudden death']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary infarction']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolic disease', 'VTD']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden-unexpected death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity2184 ( @entity2184 ), the most frequent primary intraocular @entity5 in adults, loss of one entire chromosome 3 (monosomy 3 (M3)) is observed in ~50% of @entity5 and is significantly associated with @entity3 . The strong association of @entity3 with M3 offers the opportunity for molecular prognostic testing of @entity2184 @entity1 . METHODS: To re-evaluate M3 as prognostic marker in our clinical and laboratory setting and to determine the metastatic potential of rare @entity5 with partial M3, we performed a comprehensive study on 374 @entity2184 @entity1 treated by enucleation in our clinic within 10 consecutive years, starting in 1998. Genotyping of all @entity5 was performed by microsatellite analysis. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 5.2 years. The disease-specific mortality rates ( @entity204 by @entity2184 @entity3 ) for @entity5 with disomy 3 (D3) and M3 were 13.2% and 75.1%, respectively. The disease-specific survival was worse when M3 was observed together with chromosome 8 alterations (P=0.020). Death of @entity2184 @entity3 was also observed in 12 @entity1 (9%) with D3 @entity5 . The metastasising D3 @entity5 showed a larger basal @entity5 diameter (P=0.007), and were more frequently of mixed or epitheloid cell @entity5 that did not metastasise. Mortality rate of @entity5 showing partial M3 (8.3%) was as low as that for @entity5 with D3. CONCLUSION: This shows that large @entity5 with disomy 3 have an increased risk to develop @entity3 . On the basis of these results, our clinic offers routine prognostic testing of @entity2184 @entity1 by chromosome 3 typing.

title: Prognostic significance of chromosome 3 alterations determined by microsatellite analysis in XXXX : a long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['type (P<0.0001) than D3 tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['UM', 'uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Conventional colonoscopy (CC) is considered the reference standard for detection of @entity14 , but it can still miss a substantial number of @entity652 . The use of a transparent plastic cap may improve @entity694 . @entity7464 was compared with CC for @entity652 . Secondary outcomes were caecal intubation time, caecal intubation rate and the degree of discomfort of colonoscopy. DESIGN: This is a parallel, randomised, controlled trial at two centres. Asymptomatic @entity1 (aged 50-75 years) in a primary colonoscopy screening programme were consecutively invited. Consenting subjects were 1:1 randomised to either @entity7464 or CC. All colonoscopies were performed by experienced endoscopists (>=  1000 colonoscopies) who were trained in @entity7464 . Colonoscopy quality indicators were prospectively recorded. RESULTS: A total of 1380 @entity1 were randomly allocated to CC (N=694) or @entity7464 (N=686). Caecal intubation rate was comparable in the two groups (98% vs 99%; p=0.29). Caecal intubation time was significantly lower in the @entity7464 group: 7.7    5.0 min with @entity7464 vs 8.9    6.2 min with CC (p<0.001) (values mean    SD). @entity652 detection rates of all endoscopists were >=  20%. The proportion of subjects with at least one @entity652 was similar in the two groups (28% vs 28%; RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.16), as well as the mean number of @entity652 per subject (0.49    1.05 vs 0.50    1.03; p=0.91). Detection of small size, flat and proximally located @entity652 was comparable. @entity7464 @entity1 had lower Gloucester Comfort Scores during colonoscopy (2.2    1.0 vs 2.0    1.0; p=0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity7464 does not improve @entity652 , but does reduce caecal intubation time by more than 1 min and does lessen the degree of discomfort during colonoscopy.

title: XXXX detection with cap-assisted colonoscopy versus regular colonoscopy: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity7464 :: ('760', 'Gene') :: ['Cap-assisted colonoscopy (CAC)', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoma', 'adenoma detection', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic visualisation']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Positive fluid balance has been associated with adverse outcomes in @entity1 admitted to general intensive care units. We analysed the relationship between a positive fluid balance and its persistence over time in terms of in-hospital outcomes among @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 complicated by @entity1455 . METHODS: We retrospectively studied fluid intake and output for 96 hours following hospital admission in 48 consecutive adult @entity1 with @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 , all undergoing primary angioplasty. Daily and accumulated fluid balance was registered at up to 96 hours following admission. The cohort was stratified into two groups based on the presence or absence of positive fluid balance on day 4. @entity1 ' records were assessed for in-hospital adverse outcomes, as well as 30-day all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A positive fluid balance was present in 19/48 @entity1 (40%). @entity1 with positive fluid balance were older and more likely to be treated by intra-aortic balloon counter-pulsation and antibiotics. These @entity1 were more likely to develop @entity810 and to need new intubation and were less likely to have renal function recovery as well as successful weaning from mechanical ventilation (p < 0.05 for all). @entity1 with positive fluid balance had higher 30-day mortality (68% vs. 10%; p < 0.001). In a multivariate Cox regression model, for every 1-L increase in positive fluid balance, the adjusted risk for 30-day mortality increased by 24% (hazard ratio: 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.42; p   =   0.003). CONCLUSIONS: A positive fluid balance was strongly associated with higher 30-day mortality in @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 .

title: Prognostic implications of fluid balance in XXXX complicated by @entity1455 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: For local, controlled @entity134 hormone administration into tissues, such as the brain, we have prepared cylindric micropellets of 1 mm in length and 1 mm diameter. The micropellets are a mixture of @entity1346 glue (silastic) and 0.1%, 1.0%, or 10% @entity53 (E2). To evaluate in vivo E2 secretion rates, micropellets were implanted into the brains of 40 @entity35 for either 1, 4, 8, or 12 weeks. In vitro 24 h E2 secretion rates of these implants were compared-after removal from the @entity35 brain-with 24 h secretion rates of micropellets that had been incubated for the same periods of time in vitro only. In vitro release of E2 decreased steadily but asymptotically from the first day of incubation to the 3rd or 4th week, when an apparent steady state is achieved. With any E2 concentration the coefficient of variation for 24 h release rates rarely exceeded 15% within a group. The release rates increased nonlinearly with the concentration of E2 in the pellet. Subsequent to in vivo implantation the in vitro secretion of E2 was slightly higher than the in vitro secretion of micropellets incubated for the same period of time in vitro. Thus (1) the secretion rate from a pellet can be predicted rather exactly by the mixing ratio of silastic and E2 and (2) the secretion rate from the micropellet in vitro and in vivo appears to be rather similar. It is concluded that the method described is very useful for short-term (days) or long-term (weeks, albeit not constant) local exposure of defined tissues to @entity134 hormones.

title: In vitro characterization of secretion rates from silastic micropellets containing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The current study aims to explore the factors associated with outcome among @entity1 with severe @entity295 and @entity326 admitted to the intensive care unit, Northwest General Hospital and Research Centre, Peshawar, Pakistan. METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out at intensive care unit of our hospital from February 2014 to October 2015. Data was collected using a structured format and statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20  . @entity2357 model was applied to identify the factors contributing to the outcome of severe @entity295 and @entity326 . P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Majority of the @entity1 meeting the criteria of this study were male 147 (54.9%) with a mean age of 54.8. The most common source of @entity295 was @entity358 (42.2%) followed by @entity293 (18.7%), soft tissue infections (6.3%) @entity1320 (6%) and in 6.3% @entity1 the source remained unknown. Further analysis has revealed that increase in number of days of hospitalization was observed to be slightly associated with the outcome of the treatment (1.086 [1.002 - 1.178], 0.046). Moreover, the risk of mortality was the higher among the @entity1 with @entity326 22.161[10.055 - 48.840], and having respiratory, @entity149 . Overall it is seen that @entity326 alone was found responsible to cause @entity204 among 32.0% of the @entity1 (Model 1: R(2) 0.32, p=0.000), and upon involvement of the organ complications the risk of mortality was observed to 42.0%. CONCLUSION: Chances of recovery were poor among the @entity1 with @entity326 . Moreover, those @entity1 having respiratory and @entity293 are least likely to survive.

title: A prospective observational study assessing the outcome of XXXX in intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital, Peshawar.

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['kidney and central nervous system complications']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Regression']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infections']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Sepsis']


abstract: Of pediatric @entity1 with @entity693 seen at the institutions listed in the title page of this paper between 1986 and 1994, 93 @entity1 treated with antibiotics and @entity619 ( @entity3784 ) were compared with 91 @entity1 treated with antibiotics alone. The patients receiving antibiotics with @entity619 achieved overall improvement in inflammatory symptoms and signs and cerebrospinal fluid findings and became afebrile significantly earlier than those receiving antibiotics alone. However, some of the @entity1 became febrile again. The secondary fever rate for the @entity3784 group was much higher than that for the antibiotic alone group (p < 0.0001). In most of the rebounded cases, the body temperature rose above 38 degrees C and remained elevated for 2-4 days. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was cultured daily in 54 and 32 patients receiving antibiotics with and without @entity3784 , respectively. Although this study was not a controlled study in a strict sense, these @entity1 compared. In both groups, the CSF became mostly culture-negative within 48 hours. In a few @entity1 receiving @entity3784 , however, it became culture-negative after 72 hours or longer. @entity3784 caused an adverse effect in a @entity1 with @entity693 caused by @entity328 . The adverse effect was mild @entity360 , which recovered spontaneously. From the findings described above, the use of @entity3784 combined with antibiotic therapy was considered to accelerate the relief from fever and improvement of inflammatory symptoms and signs and CSF findings. The body temperature rose again in more than half of the @entity1 receiving @entity3784 , but fell to normal spontaneously without treatment. The elevation doubtlessly could not be distinguished from recurrence of the @entity693 itself or complications. It seems to be likely that no treatment but careful observation is required even if the @entity221 as far as the CSF findings showed favorable progress with excelluent general conditions. When @entity3784 is given, it is essential that CSF tests and culture are repeated during the early stages and the progress is monitored carefully.

title: [Influence of @entity619 on the clinical course of bacterial meningitis in XXXX . Especially on secondary fever. Experiences in 27 institutions].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever recurs']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['purulent meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the study were to determine the spectrum of the clinical and pathological findings, the management and prognosis of @entity1 of @entity1685 ( @entity1685 ) and @entity1778 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted over a period of 8 years, from January 2000 to December 2007, at the @entity1 's Hospital and the Institute of @entity1 Health, Lahore. METHODOLOGY: Suspected @entity1 presenting with fever, pallor, @entity2981 and @entity828 and diagnosed as either @entity6961 or @entity1778 were studied. The complete blood count, reticulocyte count, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score, liver function tests, karyotyping studies and bone marrow aspiration biopsy were performed in all of those @entity1 . Management and out come was noted. Results were described as frequency percentages. RESULTS: Out of 10,000 @entity1 presenting during this period, 24 @entity1 were diagnosed as either of @entity1685 or @entity1778 . Fifteen of these were diagnosed as @entity1 of @entity1685 and 9 as @entity1 of @entity1778 . @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) was diagnosed in 75% of these @entity1 . @entity1685 @entity1 were put on supportive treatment and recovered spontaneously. One @entity1467 @entity1 with @entity1778 went into spontaneous remission and 2 of @entity1467 @entity1 with @entity1778 responded to chemotherapy while rest of them either died or lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity1685 and @entity1778 were not very uncommon in the studied population. Majority had @entity1467 . It is important to differentiate their clinical and pathological presentations for proper management. @entity1685 may resolve with supportive treatment while @entity1778 is a fatal condition requiring chemotherapy.

title: Clinicopathological features of XXXX and @entity1778 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1685 :: ('MESH:C563551', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transient myeloproliferative syndrome']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['congenital leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['transient myeloproliferative disorder']

answer: @entity1685 :: (MESH:C563551,Disease) :: ['transient myeloproliferative syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity283 ( @entity283 ) is an increasingly relevant outcome as the population ages and associated morbidities increase. The purpose of this study was to evaluate predictors of @entity283 among ethnically diverse @entity1 hospitalized for @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and determine the impact of a brief, educational intervention on @entity283 6 months post-hospitalization. METHODS: @entity1 (n = 160; mean age 63 years, 53% minority) admitted for @entity301 at three academic hospitals who completed a 6 month secondary prevention trial were studied. The SF-36 was administered at admission and 6 months. Multiple linear regressions were used to identify significant independent predictors of 6 month @entity283 . RESULTS: Significant improvements in @entity283 were noted from admission to 6 months post-hospitalization. Subjects reporting better @entity283 at 6 months included those who were employed, married, physically active, enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation, and not depressed. @entity1 who received an educational intervention had significantly less bodily @entity158 at 6 months compared with usual care in a model adjusted for baseline @entity283 and physical activity goal adherence (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline @entity283 (8 SF-36 subscales), physical activity (3 SF-36 subscales) and marital status (1 SF-36 subscale) were the major determinants of @entity283 at 6 months post-hospitalization. Future interventions and preventive efforts should be targeted to @entity1 with @entity301 who have impaired @entity283 and may be at increased risk of poor clinical outcomes.

title: Predictors of quality of life among @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQOL', 'Health-related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Optimal management of proximal @entity253 depends on staging and adequate tissue diagnosis of suspected @entity5 . Sensitivity of ERCP brush cytology is poor. EUS/EUS-FNA of these lesions is challenging with limited data on its diagnostic accuracy. We report our experience of EUS/ EUS guided FNA of proximal @entity253 in a tertiary referral centre. METHODOLOGY: All @entity1 who underwent EUS guided FNA of @entity75 between October 2003 to July 2007 were identified. The final diagnosis was determined by surgical pathology, results of EUS-FNA or follow-up. RESULTS: 32 @entity1 underwent 36 procedures for @entity75 during the study period. EUS detected a mass in 9/14 @entity1 who did not have a mass seen on imaging. The mean followup period was 39.43 months. The cytological specimen was adequate in 26 @entity1 . The final diagnosis was @entity420 (24) and benign (8). The overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of EUS-FNA were 68%, 52 %, 100%, 100% and 54%, respectively. If only adequate aspirates were included in the analysis, the values were 74%, 60%, 100%, 100% and 55% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: EUS guided FNA is a useful modality in the diagnosis and management of @entity75 .

title: Role of EUS/EUS-guided FNA in the management of proximal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hilar lesions']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary strictures']


abstract: The aim of this work was to examine family well-being in a sample of Spanish families with blind @entity1 . Sixty-one @entity1 reported their perceived economic status, the level of job satisfaction, and @entity148 . The @entity1 of our study scored higher on state- @entity148 and lower on material well-being than the normative sample, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. They also scored higher on job satisfaction and family satisfaction than the general population. A negative correlation was found between state- @entity148 and material well-being (r = - 0.62, p = 0.001) and between state- @entity148 and family satisfaction (r = - 0.57, p = 0.001). A positive correlation was found between material well-being and job satisfaction (r = 0.40, p = 0.001), and between material well-being and family satisfaction (r = 0.41, p = 0.001). Higher levels of material well-being, job satisfaction, and family satisfaction were associated with lower levels of @entity148 in these families. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between family satisfaction and job satisfaction. Our results suggest that the family experience of having a disabled @entity1 is evolving, and this implies achieving greater job and family satisfaction than the normative samples, although @entity148 scores continue to be higher and material well-being scores remain lower. On the whole, our results confirm that it is necessary to provide these families with more economic resources, which would have a positive impact on their subjective psychological well-being, decreasing their state- @entity148 , and increasing their satisfaction with life.

title: Subjective Psychological Well-Being in Families with Blind XXXX : How Can We Improve It?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'state-anxiety symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hyaluronan has diverse biological activities depending on its molecular size. The hyaluronan fragments (50  kDa) can decrease adipogenic differentiation in  vitro. However, in  vivo anti-obesitic effects of hyaluronan fragments have not been elucidated. Therefore, we examined the anti- @entity28 effects of hyaluronan fragments on high-fat diet induced @entity28 in  C57BL/6 @entity19 . Oral administration of hyaluronan fragments (200  mg/kg for 8 weeks) decreased body weight, adipose tissues, serum lipid (low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity412 ), and leptin level. @entity8273 decreased the @entity1184 of adipose tissue and ameliorated @entity1560 . The mRNA expression of leptin was reduced in adipocyte by treatment with hyaluronan fragments. Additionally, hyaluronan fragments enhanced the mRNA expression of @entity3229 and its target genes @entity16171 and decreased mRNA expression of @entity3229 - y and @entity844 synthase in liver. In conclusions, hyaluronan fragments had marked effects on inhibiting the development of @entity28 in @entity28 @entity19 fed the high-fat diet. It suggested that enhancing @entity3229 and suppressing @entity3229 -y expression are two possible mechanisms for the anti-obesitic effect of hyaluronan fragments.

title: Anti- XXXX potential of enzymatic fragments of hyaluronan on high-fat diet-induced @entity28 in C57BL/6 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity8273 :: ('MESH:C565742', 'Disease') :: ['Hyaluronan fragments']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Federal initiatives to improve health care information sharing have led to the development of a new type of regional electronic medical record known as a @entity283 ( @entity283 ). OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the ability of an @entity283 to decrease health services use for @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 . METHODS: We performed an observational, prospective study using a voluntary, anonymous survey among clinicians at an urban academic @entity341 . All @entity341 clinicians were eligible to participate. Survey items addressed clinician perception of whether information from the @entity283 avoided the use of hospital resources, improved quality of care, and reduced length of stay (LOS). Cost savings were estimated by multiplying the number of services the clinicians completing our survey reported they avoided through use of the @entity283 by the costs of those services at our facility. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the study site. RESULTS: The study was conducted between August and December of 2011. There were 18,529 @entity1 encounters during the study period and 60 clinicians at the study site who were eligible to participate. The clinicians consulted the @entity283 for 5.39% of these encounters (998 @entity1 ). Surveys were completed by the clinicians caring for 13.8% (n = 138) of these @entity1 . Of the completed surveys, 76% (105 surveys) referenced @entity1 for whom the @entity283 was found to contain information on the @entity1 under care by the clinician @entity1 . These 105 @entity1 formed the sample on which our analysis was based. Within this sample of @entity1 , the following studies were reported to have been avoided by the clinicians participating in our survey: values are percent of @entity1 for whom a study was reported to have been avoided (actual number of studies avoided): laboratory/microbiology: 30.5% (32 studies); radiologic studies: 47.6% (50 studies); consultations: 19% (20 consultations); and admissions: 11.4% (12 admissions). Calculated cost savings based on these estimates were as follows: laboratory/microbiology:  462.85; radiologic studies:  160,893.00; consultations:  3,990.00; and admissions:  118,131.84. Total savings:  283,477. Clinicians participating in the study reported improved quality of care for 86.7% of their @entity1 , as well as a mean time savings of 120.8 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: According to clinician estimates, use of an @entity283 in this urban academic @entity341 resulted in reduced use of hospital resources, noteworthy cost savings, decreased LOS, and improved quality of care. Limitations included the observational nature of the study, selection bias, the Hawthorne effect, and cost estimates being from a single institution. Allowance was not made for additional services used because of information obtained from the @entity283 .

title: Observational study and estimate of cost savings from use of a XXXX in an academic @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health information exchange', 'HIE']

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['health information exchange']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity3976 , or @entity1645 ( @entity1645 ), occurs frequently with craniovertebral junction (CVJ) abnormalities when there is reduction in the posterior fossa volume. @entity1644 is often present. Posterior fossa dorsal decompression (PFDD) is typically performed but has adverse results when ventral bone abnormality exists. This paper presents the results of a prospective study on @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity1645 and @entity1644 . METHODS: Between 1984 and 2008 (the MR imaging era), 298 @entity1 with @entity66 and @entity1645 underwent ventral cervicomedullary decompression. Eighty-four @entity1 had associated @entity1644 (15 with secondary invagination and 69 with primary @entity3473 , os odontoideum, or malunion of @entity174 ). Of these 84 @entity1 with @entity66 , @entity1645 , and @entity1644 , 46 had previously undergone PFDD, and 28 had previously undergone PFDD combined with fusion procedures or shunt placements. Of the 84 @entity1 , a cervicothoracic syrinx was observed in 57, thoracic syrinx in 14, and holocord syrinx in 13. Studies included CT, MR imaging, and cine flow studies. All 298 @entity1 who underwent ventral CVJ decompression had irreducible or partially reducible pathology. All 84 with @entity1644 showed @entity409 , lower @entity129 , or @entity602 . RESULTS: Brainstem signs improved in 66 of the 84 @entity1 , @entity602 improved in 58, and @entity1644 regressed in 64. CONCLUSIONS: Neurological improvement and @entity1644 resolution can occur using only ventral cervicomedullary junction decompression in @entity1 with basilar @entity2420 . This is likely due to the @entity1274 and reestablishment of CSF pathways.

title: @entity66 with @entity1644 : regression of XXXX after removal of ventral craniovertebral junction compression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['Hindbrain herniation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVJ abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia', 'Syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation Type I', 'CM-I']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['relief of neural encroachment']

entities_list: @entity2420 :: ('MESH:D010985', 'Disease') :: ['invagination and basilar impression']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['basilar invagination']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) is a complex clinical condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality and lacking effective management. @entity5721 ( @entity5721 ) remains one of the leading causes of @entity810 in native and transplanted kidneys. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in the prevention of renal @entity5721 in @entity35 . The study was conducted on male @entity35 (n=72) weighing 250-300 @entity35 were randomly assigned to three main groups: i) Sham-operated control group (n=24); ii) positive control group, in which @entity35 were subjected to @entity5721 and were administered culture media following 4 h of @entity5721 (n=24); and iii) ADSC group (n=24), in which @entity35 were administered 1*10(6) ADSCs via the tail vein following 4 h of @entity5721 . Each main group was further divided according to the timing after @entity5721 into four equal-sized subgroups. Renal function was tested via the measurement of serum @entity1011 levels and @entity1011 clearance. In addition, @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels were determined in serum and renal tissue homogenate as an indicator of oxidative stress. Histopathological changes were analyzed in different regions of the kidney, namely the cortex, outer stripe of the outer medulla (OSOM), inner stripe of the outer medulla (ISOM) and inner medulla. In each region, the scoring system considered active injury changes, regenerative changes and chronic changes. The ADSCs were assessed and their differentiation capability was verified. @entity5721 resulted in a significant increase in serum @entity1011 , serum and tissue @entity1865 levels and a significant reduction in @entity1011 clearance compared with those in sham-operated @entity35 ,. These changes were attenuated by the use of ADSCs. The prominent histopathological changes in the cortex, ISOM and OSOM were reflected in the injury score, which was significantly evident in the positive control group. The use of ADSCs was associated with significantly lowered injury scores at days 1 and 3; however, no significant effect was observed on day 7. These results indicate that the use of ADSCs ameliorates @entity8 associated with @entity5721 in @entity35 .

title: Protective effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells against @entity810 induced by ischemia-reperfusion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury and dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['IRI', 'Ischemia-reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'Acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['g. Rats', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: After the successful optimization and development of a drug entity, design of dosage form then plays an important role. Hence, research continuously keeps on searching for ways to deliver drugs over an extended period of time. With @entity33360 , a novel NSAID used in the treatment of @entity309 , frequency of administration may cause certain GI-adverse effects. The objective of the present research work was to develop a microparticulate oral sustained release dosage form, to reduce dosing frequency, to eliminate the dose related adverse effects and to ultimately improve compliance in the pharmacotherapy of @entity625 . The microbeads were prepared by an ionotropic external gelation technique, by using @entity1372 alginate as the hydrophilic carrier and @entity12374 as the cross-linking agent. The shape and surface characteristics were determined by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Particle size distribution was determined by an optical microscope. The physical state of the drug in the formulation was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). While increasing the concentration of @entity14917 dispersion increased flow properties, mean particle size, swelling ratio and drug entrapment efficiency. The mean particle sizes of drug-loaded microbeads were found to be in the range 596.45    1.04 to 880.10    0.13  m. The drug entrapment efficiency was obtained in the range of 63.24-98.90% (w/v). The release of drug from the microbeads at pH 1.2 is negligible. Under neutral conditions, the beads will swell and the drug release depends on swelling and the erosion process resulting in an optimum level of drug released in a sustained manner which exhibits zero-order kinetics.

title: XXXX cross-linked polymeric microbeads for oral sustained drug delivery in @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity33360 :: ('MESH:C056498', 'Chemical') :: ['aceclofenac']

entities_list: @entity14917 :: ('MESH:C008970', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium alginate']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity14917 :: (MESH:C008970,Chemical) :: ['Calcium alginate']


abstract: The @entity5 growth of Walker-256 implanted sc. on dorsum side of hindpaw of @entity35 @entity35 were suppressed by warmed (43 degrees C) water immersion. Antitumor effects of @entity221 were increased by injection (a.i.) of saline mixed with @entity1063 (5 mcg). Although @entity5 in advanced stage group (D-8) are larger in size and more @entity5 vascularity than in early stage group (D-4), hyperthermic @entity137 were observed in D-8 but not observed in D-4. The @entity5 vessels, which failed to flow the blood to the @entity5 cells and resulted in sever cytotoxic damage of Walker-256. Therefore, cytotoxic damage could be enhanced by injecting warmed water (43 degrees C) into @entity5 vessels after chemotherapy ( @entity1139 ; 0.5 mg/kg) in D-8. @entity96 was treated with thermochemotherapy. 5% of @entity413 warmed (43 degrees C) mixed with 0.1 mg of @entity1063 and heparin was administered into hepatic artery after chemotherapy (2 to 6 mg of @entity1139 a.i.).

title: [Enhancing hyperthermic XXXX in Walker-256 by intraarterial injection of warmed saline].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hyperthermic energy injured the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Localization and the intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay (IOPTH) have facilitated minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. The precise algorithm governing use of IOPTH has been debated. Numerous authors advocate acquisition of a so-called pre-excision (P-E) baseline level (obtained after dissection of the @entity652 , but prior to excision) in addition to a preincision baseline, to guard against spurious elevation in the baseline that might confuse interpretation of postexcision levels. We sought to clarify the optimal timing of @entity461 level determination. STUDY DESIGN: Consecutive single-surgeon case series with planned data collection from @entity1 undergoing parathyroid surgery at a university hospital. METHODS: Demographic data and intraoperative laboratory and surgical findings from @entity1 undergoing parathyroidectomy were prospectively gathered and analyzed. Attention was paid to the value of P-E and 5-minute postexcision levels and their impact on intraoperative decision-making. RESULTS: One hundred twelve @entity1 underwent parathyroidectomy. Thirty were for secondary or @entity2742 and were excluded. Seventy-nine (96.3%) of the 82 @entity1 with @entity459 were rendered eucalcemic. In no case did the P-E value change what was otherwise destined to be a successful result. In 65.3% of cases, operative time was conserved as the procedure was correctly stopped after the 5-minute level, without the need to wait until the 10-minute postexcision level was reported. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-excision baseline IOPTH levels, although logical in their original proposal, appear to play little role in determining the completeness of an exploration. A 5-minute postexcision level adds value in nearly two thirds of cases by allowing earlier termination of the operation.

title: Optimal use of intraoperative XXXX levels in parathyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['tertiary hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['PTH']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both psychometric questionnaires and structured psychodiagnostic interviews are used to identify medically-ill inpatients requiring psychotherapeutic treatment. The study examines the accordance between the diagnosis of a @entity146 ( @entity1479 -10) and self-rated psychosocial distress of unselected inpatients within the framework of a psychosomatic liaison service. METHODS: Of n=532 consecutive @entity1 hospitalized in five departments of the University Hospital Freiburg, n=357 @entity1 underwent a structured psychodiagnostic interview (Mini-DIPS) to obtain diagnoses according to @entity1479 -10 F. Psychosocial distress (HADS), somatoform symptoms (SOMS-2 J), quality of life (EDLQ) and coping strategies (FQCI) were evaluated by self-rating questionnaires. RESULTS: @entity146 requiring treatment was diagnosed in 44% of the @entity1 . Predictors for the diagnosis of a @entity146 were the @entity308 subscale of the HADS, the frequency of somatoform symptoms and @entity308 coping. The greatest accordance between @entity146 and screening instruments was found for the @entity308 subscale of the HADS at a cut-off 8+. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.75. With a specificity of 87% and a sensitivity of 53%, nearly half of all @entity146 requiring treatment were not identified by the HADS, especially in @entity1 with @entity6004 , stress-related and @entity2531 (F4), most of them @entity5 @entity1 with @entity2166 . CONCLUSIONS: Case selection by the HADS is successfull in disorders, where @entity308 are prevalent. For F4-diagnoses a lower cut-off of 6+ is recommended. The importance of a clinical interview is underlined. Other screening procedures, specific for the general hospital population, are discussed.

title: The psychosocial evaluation of medically-ill inpatients - accordance between XXXX and self-rated psychosocial distress.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'A mental disorder', 'mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['adjustment disorders']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) is increasingly recognized as a form of chronic @entity788 . Systematic evaluation and management of @entity788 in the United States is reported only from one center. Our aim was to review the evaluation and management of @entity788 at a large tertiary center. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed information on demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings, extrapancreatic involvement, treatment response, and recurrence in 26 @entity1 with @entity788 treated at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 1998 to 2007. RESULTS: The median age at presentation was 62.5 years (range: 23-86), 65% were @entity1 , and 88% were Caucasians. The most common presentation included new-onset mild @entity490 (65%), @entity1087 (62%), and @entity353 (42%). Pancreatic mass, enlargement, or prominence on imaging was present in 85% of the patients. Serum IgG4 (immunoglobulin-4) was elevated (>140 mg/dl) in 44% (8/18) at presentation. The most common extrapancreatic finding was extrapancreatic/intrahepatic biliary strictures (35%). @entity455 were noted in 23% of the @entity1 . Six @entity1 underwent partial or complete pancreatectomy. Partial or complete response was observed for initial @entity134 treatment in 19 @entity1 and for @entity1499 in 1 @entity1 . Recurrences were common, especially in @entity1 with extrapancreatic manifestations, and usually responded to a combination of @entity230 and @entity500 . Any one of the commonly used diagnostic criteria (Mayo Clinic's HISORt criteria, the Japanese Pancreas Society criteria, Korean diagnostic criteria) was fulfilled in 85% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: In this second major US series, we confirm several findings previously reported in @entity788 . Our study highlights the presence of @entity455 in a subset of @entity1 with @entity788 . The current diagnostic criteria may not identify all @entity788 @entity1 .

title: Evaluation and management of autoimmune XXXX : experience at a large US center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'Autoimmune pancreatitis', 'AIP']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Peri-pancreatic vascular complications', 'vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adenocarcinoid of the appendix is a rare @entity5 with features of both @entity420 and @entity4303 , showing both epithelial and endocrine differentiation. @entity8940 is the commonest of the benign neoplasms of the appendix, with an incidence of 0.6% in appendicectomy specimens. We report a rare combination of these @entity5 and discuss the latest treatment options. To the best of our knowledge, only six cases have been reported in the literature to date. CASE PRESENTATION: A 71-year-old Caucasian @entity1 presented to our department with a right iliac fossa mass associated with @entity158 . Laparoscopy revealed an adenocarcinoid of the appendix in combination with mucinous @entity9296 . He underwent a radical right hemicolectomy with clear margins and lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: Adenocarcinoids account for 2% of primary @entity5 . Most @entity5 are less than 2 cm in diameter and 20% of them metastasize to the ovaries. The mean age for presentation is 59 years and the 5-year survival rate ranges from 60% to 84%. Right hemicolectomy is generally advised if any of the following features are present: @entity5 greater than 2 cm, involvement of resection margins, greater than 2 mitoses/10 high-power fields on histology, extension of @entity5 beyond serosa. Chemotherapy mostly with @entity1487 and @entity4181 is advised for @entity66 after surgery. Cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal chemotherapy can offer improved survival for advanced peritoneal dissemination.

title: Combined adenocarcinoid and mucinous XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['remnant disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'appendiceal malignancies', 'tumours', 'malignant tumour']

entities_list: @entity8940 :: ('MESH:D018291', 'Disease') :: ['Mucinous cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity9296 :: (MESH:D003537,Disease) :: ['cystadenoma of the appendix']


abstract: Enteroviruses invade the host by crossing the intestinal mucosa, which is lined by polarized epithelium. A number of enteroviruses, including echoviruses (EV) and group B coxsackieviruses (CVB), initiate @entity281 by attaching to decay-accelerating factor (DAF), a molecule that is highly expressed on the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells. We previously observed that entry of DAF-binding CVB3 into polarized intestinal epithelial cells occurs by an unusual endocytic mechanism that requires caveolin but does not involve clathrin or dynamin. Here we examined the entry of a DAF-binding echovirus, EV7. We found that drugs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and dominant negative mutants that target factors required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, including clathrin and dynamin, inhibited both EV7 @entity281 and internalization of virions from the cell surface. Once virus had entered the cell, it colocalized with markers of early endosomes ( @entity21216 ) and then late endosomes ( @entity3607 ). Inhibition of endosomal maturation-with siRNAs or dominant negative mutants targeting @entity4814 and @entity21219 -inhibited @entity281 and prevented release of viral RNA into the cell. These results indicate that EV7 is internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and then moves to early and late endosomes before releasing its RNA. Trafficking through endosomes is known to be important for viruses that depend on low pH or endosomal cathepsin proteases to complete the entry process. However, we found that EV7 @entity281 required neither low pH nor cathepsins. IMPORTANCE: The results demonstrate that echovirus 7 (EV7), after binding to decay-accelerating factor (DAF) on the cell surface, enters cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis; this entry mechanism differs markedly from that of another DAF-binding enterovirus, coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). Thus, after attachment to the same cell surface receptor, these closely related viruses enter the same cells by different mechanisms. The cellular cues required for release of viral RNA from the enterovirus capsid ("uncoating") remain poorly defined. We found that EV7 moved to late endosomes and that release of RNA depended on endosomal maturation; nonetheless, EV7 did not depend on the endosomal factors implicated in uncoating and entry by other viruses. The results suggest either that an unidentified endosomal factor is essential for uncoating of EV7 or that trafficking through the endosome is an essential step in a pathway that leads to another intracellular organelle where uncoating is completed.

title: Echovirus 7 entry into polarized intestinal epithelial cells requires clathrin and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity21219 :: (338382,Gene) :: ['Rab7']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to assess the clinical usefulness and physiologic effects of intravenous iloprost in @entity1 with @entity2407 secondary to @entity785 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity2407 secondary to @entity785 , including 11 with @entity63 , were enrolled in a double blind placebo controlled parallel study in 2 centers. Following a 2 week washout, subjects received intravenous iloprost (0.5-2.0 ng/kg/min) or saline by continuous infusion for 6 h on 5 consecutive days. Clinical assessments, status of digital @entity1066 , measures of in vivo platelet activation and detailed studies of peripheral vascular response to cold challenge, were performed at entry, at 5 days of therapy and at biweekly intervals for 10 weeks. RESULTS: Complete healing of all cutaneous lesions ( @entity1066 , fissures, and @entity9252 ) was observed 10 weeks after treatment in 6 of 7 @entity1 receiving iloprost versus none of 4 receiving placebo (p = 0.015). @entity63 completely healed in all 4 @entity1 with @entity1066 in the iloprost group, but none in the placebo group (p = 0.029). @entity1 diaries of frequency, duration and symptoms of @entity2407 showed improvement in both groups. Critical @entity63 temperature (finger temperature during controlled cold challenge at which Raynaud's or loss of detectable digital blood flow occurred) progressively decreased in the iloprost group from 21.3 +/- 7.3 degrees C at baseline to a minimum of 16.1 +/- 3.2 degrees C at 8 weeks after treatment (p = 0.076), whereas no consistent changes were observed in the placebo group. Treatment was associated with improvement in the rate of skin temperature recovery following cold challenge. No changes were noted in ambient digital skin temperature, total digital blood flow, finger systolic pressure or in measures of in vivo platelet activation. One subject dropped out with @entity662 , but adverse effects of @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity10 and @entity158 were otherwise limited to the 5 days of drug infusion. CONCLUSION: Iloprost appears useful for the treatment of digital @entity1066 in @entity785 and is associated with evidence of prolonged physiologic improvement although the mechanism of this effect remains unclear.

title: Intravenous iloprost treatment of @entity2407 and @entity63 @entity1066 secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic digital tip ulcers', 'digital ischemic ulcerations', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity9252 :: ('MESH:D010304', 'Disease') :: ['paronychia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sport supplements containing @entity230 never approved for therapeutic use have the potential for abuse by athletes. Most are marketed online and may contain undisclosed @entity230 yet are readily available despite lacking toxicological or pharmacological evaluation. In this study, 18 supplements purchased online underwent organic solvent extraction to isolate any @entity230 they contained. From the 18 supplements, 19 @entity230 were identified and for each, its intrinsic androgenic potency was determined by a @entity375 cell ( @entity375 ) @entity342 bioassay and its potential androgenic potency was determined by a liver (HuH7) cell @entity342 bioassay. The @entity375 bioassay showed that of the 19 @entity230 tested, 6 demonstrated strong intrinsic bioactivity, with 4 metabolically activated to even stronger @entity3800 . Moreover, 4 @entity230 with moderate and 1 with intrinsically weak androgenic bioactivity were activated to more potent @entity3800 . Finally, 8 @entity230 were metabolically inactivated or deactivated into weaker @entity3800 . Our results show that Internet-sourced sport supplements may contain intrinsically strong @entity3800 , or precursors that can be metabolized to them. These potentially potent pharmacologically active @entity230 are being used without regulatory control or consumer awareness of their potential adverse effects. Copyright    2016 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: The use of tandem @entity375 and mammalian cell in vitro XXXX bioassays to detect @entity3800 in internet-sourced sport supplements.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several studies have assessed the clinicopathological and prognostic value of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) expression in @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ), but their results remain controversial. To address this issue, a meta-analysis was carried out. A total of 29 studies involving 2430 @entity1 were subjected to final analysis. Our results indicated that @entity3840 expression was not statistically associated with advanced @entity5 stage ( @entity5 , 1.23; 95% CI, 0.98-1.55) but correlated with high risk of lymph node @entity3 ( @entity5 , 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.60) and advanced @entity2802 stage ( @entity5 , 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06-1.66). Moreover, @entity3840 expression had significant effect on poor @entity3012 (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.29-2.90), @entity4434 (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.00-4.08) and DFS (HR, 5.14; 95% CI, 2.84-9.31). The results of subgroup analyses revealed that @entity3840 expression was related with high possibility of lymph node @entity3 in @entity5 ( @entity5 , 1.49; 95% CI, 1.01-2.20) and advanced @entity2802 stage in @entity5 ( @entity5 , 1.58; 95% CI, 1.05-2.37) and no site-specific @entity135 ( @entity5 , 1.64; 95% CI, 1.02-2.62). However, subgroup analyses only showed a tendency without statistically significant association between @entity3840 expression and survival. Significant heterogeneity was not found when analyzing clinicopathological data, but it appeared when considering survival data. No publication bias was detected in this study. This meta-analysis suggested that @entity3840 expression could act as a prognostic factor for @entity1 with @entity135 .

title: Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of XXXX expression in @entity135 : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'OR', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies have found differential effects of @entity5161 and @entity1875 on the @entity195 ( @entity195 )-associated markers tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid-b (Ab). OBJECTIVE: We asked whether @entity5161 and @entity1875 have differential effects on the tau/Ab ratio (the primary outcome), and individual @entity195 biomarkers. We also examined whether genetic/intraoperative factors influenced perioperative changes in @entity195 biomarkers. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing neurosurgical/otolaryngology procedures requiring lumbar cerebrospinal fluid ( @entity2841 ) drain placement were prospectively randomized to receive @entity5161 (n=21) or @entity1875 (n=18) for anesthetic maintenance. We measured perioperative @entity2841 sample @entity195 markers, performed genotyping assays, and examined intraoperative data from the electronic anesthesia record. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine changes in @entity195 markers by anesthetic type over time. RESULTS: The @entity2841 tau/Ab ratio did not differ between @entity5161 - versus @entity1875 -treated @entity1 (p=1.000). @entity2841 tau/Ab ratio and tau levels increased 10 and 24h after drain placement (p=2.002*10-6 and p=1.985*10-6, respectively), mean @entity2841 -tau levels decreased (p=0.005), and Ab levels did not change (p=0.152). There was no interaction between anesthetic treatment and time for any of these biomarkers. None of the examined genetic polymorphisms, including @entity2204 , were associated with tau increase (n=9 polymorphisms, p> 0.05 for all associations). CONCLUSION: Neurosurgery/otolaryngology procedures are associated with an increase in the @entity2841 tau/Ab ratio, and this increase was not influenced by anesthetic type. The increased @entity2841 tau/Ab ratio was largely driven by increases in tau levels. Future work should determine the functional/prognostic significance of these perioperative @entity2841 tau elevations.

title: The Effect of @entity1875 Versus @entity5161 Anesthesia on XXXX Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of @entity195 : Results of a Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: An appropriate in vitro system was used to study the effect of a direct-acting carcinogen on the transformation of mammary epithelial cells in the organ culture of the whole mammary gland in vitro. Studies were done to determine the ability of @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ) to transform the mammary cells in organ culture. @entity19 mammary glands were treated with single or multiple doses of @entity7045 during various periods of the culture. To assay for neoplastic transformation potential of @entity7045 on mammary cells, mammary glands were dissociated and the cells were injected into the parenchyma-free inguinal mammary fat pad of syngeneic virgin female host @entity19 . Palpable @entity5 were observed in injected glands of 23% of the @entity19 after 3-4 months and an additional 31% showed serially transplantable @entity133 ( @entity133 ). Histopathologic examination of the tissues showed that the @entity5 were @entity420 . All @entity5 and @entity1373 were secondarily transplanted into syngeneic animals, resulting in @entity5 and @entity1373 of similar histopathology. In addition, DNA damage of the epithelial cells in organ culture caused by @entity7045 was also measurable using the new nick translation assay. The most extensive DNA damage occurred when the glands were treated on day 4 and day 5 of the mammogenic culture period. These results demonstrate that the @entity19 mammary epithelial cells are susceptible to the carcinogenic action of the direct-acting carcinogen @entity7045 and that the whole mammary gland-culture system offers an appropriate in vitro model for studying the mechanism of @entity105 induced by @entity7045 .

title: @entity5 and DNA damage of XXXX mammary epithelial cells by @entity7044 in organ culture.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['HANs', 'hyperplastic alveolar nodules']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ["N-methyl-N'-nitrosourea"]

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['mammary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity23040 , an anti-aging gene, is primarily expressed in the kidney, and its renal expression is decreased in @entity177 ( @entity177 ). We determined if administration of an oral sorbent, AST-120, increases the expression of @entity23040 , and inhibits cell senescence in the kidney of @entity177 @entity35 . METHODS: @entity177 @entity35 were produced by 4/5-nephrectomy. AST-120 was administered to the @entity177 @entity35 at a dose of 4 g/kg with powder chow for 16 weeks, whereas powder chow alone was administered to control @entity177 @entity35 . The expression of @entity23040 and cell senescence (senescence-associated beta-galactosidase: @entity28747 -gal) was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The expression of @entity23040 was significantly decreased in the kidney of @entity177 @entity35 as compared with normal @entity35 . AST-120-treated @entity177 @entity35 showed significantly increased renal expression of @entity23040 as compared with @entity177 @entity35 . The expression of @entity28747 -gal was significantly increased in the kidney of @entity177 @entity35 as compared with normal @entity35 . AST-120-treated @entity177 @entity35 showed significantly decreased expression of @entity28747 -gal in the kidney as compared with @entity177 @entity35 . AST-120 significantly decreased serum and urine levels of @entity6634 . CONCLUSIONS: AST-120 increased @entity23040 expression, and inhibited cell senescence in the kidney of @entity177 @entity35 , probably by alleviating @entity6634 overload on the kidney.

title: An oral sorbent, AST-120, increases @entity23040 expression and inhibits cell senescence in the kidney of uremic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity6634 :: ('MESH:D007200', 'Chemical') :: ['indoxyl sulfate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Some of the most problematic @entity2122 in pediatric plastic surgery are large @entity9332 in @entity1 who have passed the age of maximal dural osteogenic potential and yet are too young to yield split calvarial grafts. Porous @entity691 (Medpor; Porex) is an alloplastic material that can be customized to precisely match a @entity129 . We present a clinical series that demonstrates successful use of porous @entity691 cranioplasties in large pediatric @entity129 . METHODS: From 2007 to 2009, 9 pediatric @entity1 underwent custom-made porous @entity691 cranioplasties for large @entity9332 . Descriptive statistical analyses were performed on the cause of the defects, time to cranioplasty, size of defect, reconstruction technique, and @entity86 . RESULTS: A total of 5 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , with a mean age of 6.8 years, underwent 9 cranioplasties incorporating custom porous @entity691 implants. Initial pathologic findings included 7 @entity1 with @entity131 , 1 @entity1 with intractable @entity410 , and 1 @entity1 with @entity1313 . Initially, each @entity1 had a craniectomy followed by replacement of the frozen bone "flap." All @entity1 experienced either @entity281 or resorption of the bone leading to a @entity2319 . The mean defect size was 152 cm. The mean delay between the @entity79 was 6.8 months. At the last follow-up, which averaged 3.6 months, all @entity1 had stable wounds with acceptable cranial contour. CONCLUSIONS: For pediatric large-scale @entity9332 , custom-made porous @entity691 implants can be safely used for cranioplasty. Tissue expansion and acellular dermal matrix were useful tools to help augment the soft tissues of the scalp before cranioplasty to prevent complications of implant extrusion and wound breakdown.

title: Custom porous XXXX implants for large-scale pediatric skull reconstruction: early outcomes.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial defects', 'cranial defect']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial defects']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent defect']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['removal of failed bone "flap" and the final implant cranioplasty']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative healing']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: We reviewed the clinical features and @entity414 metabolism in 37 female @entity1 with @entity210 . In 32 female @entity1 (86%), @entity210 was diagnosed after menopause. Among the five premenopausal @entity1 , four had @entity177 and one had superactivity of @entity30116 synthetase. More than 50% of the female @entity1 had @entity571 , @entity101 , or @entity177 or were treated with diuretics. Comparison with 220 male @entity1 with @entity210 showed that female @entity1 developed @entity210 significantly later, more frequently had associated diseases, and more often were receiving diuretics, whereas significantly more male than female @entity1 had @entity988 . The articular features of @entity210 were similar in both groups. However, the prevalence of tophi was higher and its localization different in female than in male @entity1 . Female @entity1 with @entity210 had a higher mean serum urate concentration and a lower mean urinary @entity414 excretion than did male @entity1 with @entity210 . These differences were significant and independent of the effects of age, @entity177 , @entity988 , or previous diuretic intake. Renal underexcretion of @entity414 appears to be more severe in female than in male @entity1 with @entity210 .

title: Female XXXX . Clinical spectrum and @entity414 metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity30116 :: ('MESH:D010754', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoribosylpyrophosphate']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: 12 @entity1 who had @entity956 without clinical, echocardiographic or angiographic evidence of @entity337 were studied with simultaneous echo- and phonocardiograms. In @entity1 with high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block, the mitral valve opened and closed with each flutter wave. Of seven @entity1 , two had persistent and five had intermittent early mitral valve closure before QRS inscription. In five @entity1 (three with 2:1 @entity713 ) the mitral valve closed on time. In one @entity1 with a mitral valve prosthesis, echocardiography and cinefluorography demonstrated closure during mid-diastole, with reopening in late diastole after a flutter wave. Final valve closure occurred before the onset of the QRS, and each closure was associated with a click. Simultaneous phonocardiographic analysis in these @entity1 demonstrated that the first heart sound intensity was inversely related to the degree of mitral valve preclosure. This relationship was independent of the length of the RR interval. Thus, @entity956 independent of any other cause of abnormal hemodynamics may produce early mitral valve closure. The echocardiographic finding of premature mitral @entity943 , may not have the same diagnostic or prognostic significance previously described in @entity1 with sinus rhythm and normal AV conduction.

title: Mitral valve closure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: The endocrine pancreas from four @entity11726 @entity1 with recurrent peptic ulceration has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Greatly increased numbers of ducts and centroacinar cells have been observed associated with a striking increase in the number of islets and endocrine cells scattered in the acinar tissue ( @entity11448 ). The islet cells scattered throughout the exocrine parenchyma are of all the known islet cell types, with a prevalence of B and especially A cells. Many islets, probably formed de novo, are of a considerable size, have irregular contours and are in close apposition to centroacinar cells and ducts. The degree of @entity11448 and @entity1373 does not seem to be related to the plasma @entity8243 levels. Cytological changes have also been found in the islet cells of the @entity11726 @entity1 compared with controls. These changes mainly affect the B cells and consist of a striking decrease in the number of mature secretory granules associated with a fairly extended ergastoplasm and Golgi apparatus and with a relevant increase in the number of immature granules. In two of the four @entity1 examined, who had more severe hypergastrinemia, cytological signs of enhanced secretion are also recognized in A cells. The features indicating hypersecretion of B and A cells seem to be related to the plasma @entity8243 levels. The above findings indicate that chronic @entity308 promotes proliferation and differentiation of islet cells and stimulates the secretory function of B cells and, to a lesser extent, of A cells, thus providing evidence for a trophic and secretagogue action of @entity8243 on the endocrine pancreas.

title: @entity11448 and islet cell changes related to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11726 :: ('MESH:C535721', 'Disease') :: ['hypergastrinemic']

entities_list: @entity11448 :: ('MESH:D046768', 'Disease') :: ['nesidioblastosis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['endogenous hypergastrinemia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['islet hyperplasia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['endogenous hypergastrinemia']


abstract: Outbreaks of avian influenza in poultry can be devastating, yet many of the basic epidemiological parameters have not been accurately characterised. In 1999-2000 in Northern Italy, outbreaks of H7N1 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAI) were followed by the emergence of H7N1 @entity778 ( @entity778 ). This study investigates the transmission dynamics in @entity233 of representative @entity778 and LPAI H7N1 virus strains from this outbreak in an experimental setting, allowing direct comparison of the two strains. The fitted transmission rates for the two strains are similar: 2.04 (1.5-2.7) per day for @entity778 , 2.01 (1.6-2.5) per day for LPAI. However, the mean infectious period is far shorter for @entity778 (1.47 (1.3-1.7) days) than for LPAI (7.65 (7.0-8.3) days), due to the rapid death of infected @entity233 . Hence the basic reproductive ratio, [Formula: see text] is significantly lower for @entity778 (3.01 (2.2-4.0)) than for LPAI (15.3 (11.8-19.7)). The comparison of transmission rates and [Formula: see text] are critically important in relation to understanding how @entity778 might emerge from LPAI. Two competing hypotheses for how transmission rates vary with population size are tested by fitting competing models to experiments with differing numbers of @entity233 . A model with frequency-dependent transmission gives a significantly better fit to experimental data than density-dependent transmission. This has important implications for extrapolating experimental results from relatively small numbers of birds to the commercial poultry flock size, and for how control, including vaccination, might scale with flock size.

title: Quantifying transmission of highly pathogenic and low pathogenicity H7N1 avian influenza in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HPAI', 'highly pathogenic avian influenza virus']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkeys']


abstract: Exposure to @entity281 has been widely associated with the increased risk for @entity146 of developmental origin such as @entity161 and @entity2438 . Although several @entity73 have been detected during adulthood in rodent models of @entity281 , early behavioral changes have not been well characterized. In a prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model, we have previously observed significant alterations in the neuronal cytoarchitecture during early postnatal life. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential effects of prenatal immune activation on early neurophenotypic presentations using a set of behavioral test battery. Female @entity35 were administered with 100  g/kg LPS (intraperitoneally) at gestational days 15 and 16. During the first postnatal week, we found no significant effect on maternal behavior or mother-pup interaction by this treatment. Also, no major changes in physical developmental milestones of pups were noted from postnatal (P) days P6 to P16. Importantly, prenatal LPS-exposed pups had a significant decrease in the number and duration of ultrasonic vocalization calls at @entity22545 . Prenatal LPS treatment also led to impairments in nest-seeking behavior and odor- @entity64 associative learning in neonatal @entity35 at @entity26752 . At the molecular level, we detected significant decrease in the expression of cortical @entity26753 messenger RNA at P3. These data suggest that prenatal exposure to an immune activator can significantly impair the social/communicative behavior in the neonate offspring, which may be relevant to childhood and @entity854 reported in @entity2438 and @entity161 subjects.

title: Neonatal behavioral changes in XXXX with gestational exposure to lipopolysaccharide: a prenatal infection model for developmental @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral and cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['prenatal infections']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['premorbid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The effects of individual psychotropic medications on serum @entity4090 concentrations are described, and recommendations for dealing with adverse effects are provided. @entity4089 can result in @entity6726 , @entity2588 , irregular menses, and @entity3206 ; in @entity1 , @entity323 and @entity3893 , with or without lactation and @entity247 , can occur. Antipsychotics may block @entity935 receptors in the pituitary @entity4090 -secreting cells and prevent @entity935 -induced reduction of @entity4090 release. The magnitude of the increase in @entity4090 concentration correlates with the amount of antipsychotic drug given. The treatment of choice is reduction of the antipsychotic dosage or discontinuation of therapy. If adjustments to the antipsychotic dosage fail to resolve symptoms, the @entity935 agonists @entity2847 and @entity7776 may be tried. Antidepressants may produce elevated serum @entity4090 concentrations, especially with long-term administration. However, the frequency of antidepressant-induced @entity4089 is much lower than that seen with antipsychotics, and serious adverse clinical effects are uncommon. Other psychotropic drugs such as @entity1091 , @entity1092 , @entity5633 , @entity2049 , and @entity1245 either are only rarely associated with symptomatic @entity4089 or do not produce clinically important changes in @entity4090 concentrations. Antipsychotic drugs are the psychotropic agents most likely to cause symptomatic @entity4089 . @entity2847 or @entity7776 may provide symptomatic relief if withdrawal or adjustment of the antipsychotic dosage does not eliminate the symptoms.

title: Management of psychotropic-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia', 'Hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine', 'Bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity5633 :: ('MESH:D002065', 'Chemical') :: ['buspirone']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['gynecomastia']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['hyperprolactinemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of our study is to investigate the mechanism of @entity3 , to detect novel @entity3 -associated molecules, and to evaluate the molecules from the point of view of clinical application. A monoclonal antibody MH8-11, which we established, recognizes a glycoprotein that is identical to aminopeptidase N ( @entity10793 / @entity10793 ). @entity10793 / @entity10793 degrades the extracellular matrix, while it is also involved in cell motility and improves angiogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We investigated the expression of @entity10793 / @entity10793 in 194 cases of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) by immunohistochemical analyses and reverse transcription-PCR assay to determine the significance of this prognostic factor; 95 @entity5 were stage I, 36 were stage II, 39 were stage IIIA, and 24 were stage IIIB. Moreover, we investigated that the relationship between the expression of @entity10793 / @entity10793 and angiogenesis and prognosis for @entity1 with @entity1149 . RESULTS: We found a correlation between the expression of @entity10793 / @entity10793 and angiogenesis (r = 0.659; P < 0.0001). In the 194 @entity1 with @entity1149 , we found 68 @entity1 to be @entity10793 / @entity10793 + and 126 @entity1 to be @entity10793 / @entity10793 -. The 5-year survival rate in @entity1 with @entity10793 / @entity10793 + @entity5 was significantly lower than in those whose @entity5 had negative @entity10793 / @entity10793 (48.3% versus 67.1%; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest the expression of @entity10793 / @entity10793 for @entity1 with @entity1149 to be associated with a poor prognosis and angiogenesis. This is the first study to show the relationship between the expression of @entity10793 / @entity10793 and the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1149 . The inhibition of @entity10793 / @entity10793 may be an effective new molecular target therapy for @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Clinical significance of aminopeptidase N in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: A 49-year-old @entity1 presented with acute @entity490 in the right iliac fossa in our emergency department. @entity158 was abrupt in onset and severely colicky in nature. Abnormal laboratory values included a C-reactive protein of 75 mg/L and a CA-125 of 70.3 U/mL. White blood cell count was normal. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an inhomogeneous mass of 9.5 x 3.5 x 5.5 cm in diameter close to the appendix vermiformis and the sigmoid colon. Because of the clinical symptoms of an acute abdomen an explorative laparotomy was performed. Intraoperatively a pedunculated @entity5 beginning at the serosa of the sigmoid colon was found. The appendix was unremarkable. The macroscopic aspect as well as the backtable incision of the @entity5 was suspicious of an @entity1821 . Rapid section and histopathologic examination revealed @entity39 fat tissue without any @entity5 . The @entity1 was discharged from the hospital 7 days after the operation with normal laboratory parameters and without further complication. When @entity14162 is evident as a big @entity5 mass in addition to clinical symptoms of an acute abdomen and elevated @entity5 markers, surgical exploration is mandatory.

title: Torquated giant appendix epiploica mimicking XXXX : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['intraperitoneal liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity14162 :: ('MESH:D018280', 'Disease') :: ['epiploic appendagitis']

answer: @entity1821 :: (MESH:D008080,Disease) :: ['intraperitoneal liposarcoma']