abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is a progressive form of @entity409 that leads to advanced @entity82 . The present study was designed to assess the hepatoprotective effect of @entity14685 (TQ) on liver functions, insulin resistance, and @entity3725 -y expression in @entity1561 . @entity35 were divided into two main groups: one fed with normal @entity35 chow diet and the other with high-fat high- @entity165 diet group for 6  weeks. Every group was subdivided into three subgroups (n   =   8): treated with saline, low dose TQ (10  mg/kg), high dose TQ (20  mg/kg). High fat high @entity165 diet caused marked @entity409 as noted in histopathology and significant increase in liver index, liver enzymes. There was significant increase in the insulin resistance, serum @entity165 , @entity412 , @entity3725 -y gene overexpression with significant decrease in HDL. Additionally, oxidative stress increased by measuring MDA associated with significant decrease in serum total antioxidant capacity. As markers of @entity32 , hepatic @entity1505 was significantly increased with decrease in @entity13358 . Further, there was increase in @entity2310 protein with decrease in Bcl as compared to control group. This model of 6  weeks high-fat high- @entity165 diet showed minimal @entity82 as noticed by increase @entity11017 and Masson trichrome satin. Co-treatment with TQ improved all previous parameters. High dose was more effective, although mostly non-statistically significant. TQ may have a promising agent to improve @entity1560 , oxidative stress; inflammatory, apoptotic status, @entity82 and so prevent @entity409 in @entity1 with @entity1561 . Although @entity3725 -y was significantly under-expressed by TQ, insulin resistance was improved significantly suggesting a role of @entity409 .

title: @entity14685 @entity1561 in XXXX via suppression of oxidative stress, @entity32 , apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity14685 :: ('MESH:C003466', 'Chemical') :: ['thymoquinone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Heat production rates were measured by a microcalorimetric method in suspended @entity1 erythrocytes in the absence and presence of different concentrations of the divalent cationophore @entity3365 . Determinations were carried out during 60 min under static conditions on erythrocytes incubated in various isotonic media at 37 degrees C, pH 7.35. In incubations containing the ionophore, time-power curves showed an early peak followed by a descending slope levelling off at a steady state after 30-60 min. In contrast, the controls lacked the early peak, showing hyperbolic ascending curve profiles before reaching steady state. The appearance of the early peak in the presence of ionophore was dependent upon the composition of the medium, both @entity1025 ions and @entity413 being decisive. Likewise, dose-response relationships concerning heat production at 60 min depended on the composition of the media. In a basic incubation medium lacking @entity1025 and @entity413 , no effect was seen on heat production by the ionophore (1-3 mumol/l). Rather modest effects were obtained by the ionophore at 2 and 3 mumol/l when @entity1025 was present. A clear-cut dose-response relationship was observed in a @entity1025 and @entity413 enriched medium for the ionophore from 1-3 mumol/l. The significant increase in heat production observed at 60 min with 2 mumol/l of @entity3365 in the @entity1025 and @entity413 enriched medium was abolished by 1 mmol/l @entity4527 . @entity6106 , a calmodulin antagonist, could only marginally reduce the ionophoric effect on heat production. It was concluded that the appearance of the early peak was not the result of an increase in glycolytic rate but rather a consequence of the ionophoric action on the @entity141 gradient.

title: Dissipation of the calcium gradient in XXXX erythrocytes results in increased heat production.

entities_list: @entity6106 :: ('MESH:C031938', 'Chemical') :: ['Calmidazolium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Three decades after Paul Meehl proposed the term " @entity60329 " to describe a conceptual framework for understanding the liability to @entity161 , Ming Tsuang et al. at Harvard University reformulated the concept as a clinical syndrome with provisional research criteria. The reformulated view relied heavily on more recent data showing that many non-psychotic, un-medicated biological relatives of individuals with @entity161 showed difficulties in cognitive and other clinical functions that resembled those seen in their ill relatives. The reformulation raised questions about both whether and when liability could be assessed validly in the absence of @entity716 , and about the extent to which symptoms of liability are reversible. Both questions bear on the larger issue of early intervention in @entity161 . This article reviews the efforts of Tsuang et al. to conceptualize and validate @entity60329 as one such syndrome of liability. Towards this end, liability is considered first more generally as an outcome of interactive genetic and environmental factors. Liability is then considered in the context of endophenotypes as a concept that is both broader and is potentially more specific (and predictive) than many DSM or ICD diagnostic symptoms. @entity7577 are then considered in the context of their proximity to illness, first by reviewing prodromal syndromes (which are more proximal), and then by considering @entity60329 , which, as it is currently formulated, is pre-prodromal and, therefore, less proximal. Finally, challenges to validation and future directions for research are considered.

title: Development of @entity7577 for XXXX : where did they come from and where are they going?

entities_list: @entity7577 :: ('MESH:C536965', 'Disease') :: ['Liability syndromes']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity60329 :: ('MESH:C536634', 'Disease') :: ['schizotaxia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the @entity1315 ( @entity6795 ) histopathology classification subtype and determine the @entity410 outcome of @entity1 who underwent temporal lobectomy with coincident @entity6795 . METHODS: We reviewed the data of 28 @entity1 with @entity1315 who underwent surgery with pathologically verified @entity6795 at our institution from 1990 to 2000. The @entity410 outcome was assessed at a minimum of 1 year after surgery according to Engel's classification. RESULTS: Of 28 @entity1 who underwent surgery, nine (32.1%) had @entity6795 , and 19 (67.9%) had @entity6795 and @entity131 (CD_HS). Twenty-six (92.9%) @entity1 had histopathology subtype Ia ( @entity854 ). Twenty (71.4%) @entity1 were @entity410 free (Engel class I). Favorable @entity410 outcome (Engel class I, II) was achieved in 26 (92.9%) @entity1 . No difference in @entity410 outcome was noted between @entity1 with @entity6795 and CD_HS. CONCLUSIONS: The most common histopathologic subtype in @entity1 with temporal lobe @entity6795 is type Ia ( @entity854 ). @entity9876 in @entity1315 @entity1 with @entity6795 can achieve favorable @entity410 outcome.

title: XXXX outcome after temporal lobectomy in @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'isolated CD']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['architectural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe cortical dysplasia', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity9876 :: ('MESH:D020232', 'Disease') :: ['Temporal lobectomy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: @entity3190 and increased @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ) are common features of @entity1 @entity1240 . To examine the relationships among @entity1661 , peripheral, and @entity99 , we studied 4- and 18-mo-old male @entity35 (n = 42) fed ad libitum (4 @entity1582 and 18 @entity1582 ) or moderately calorie restricted (18 CR) up to 18 mo of age. Total fat mass (FM) and @entity1661 were decreased in 18 CR to approximately one-third of that of 18 @entity1582 (P < 0.001), while lean body mass (LBM) was unchanged. Most important, 18 CR had more FM (65+/-6 vs. 45+/-6 g) but less @entity1661 (7.8+/-0.6 vs. 12.3+/-3.3 g) compared with 4 @entity1582 (P < 0.01 for both). Thus, the effects of variable @entity1661 on HIS could be assessed, independent of FM and age. Marked hepatic insulin resistance ensued with @entity1240 (18 @entity1582 ) and CR restored @entity99 to the levels of young @entity35 , while peripheral insulin sensitivity remained unchanged (by insulin clamp of 18 mU/kg/min). In fact, the rates of insulin infusion required to maintain basal hepatic @entity413 production in the presence of pancreatic clamp were 0.75+/-0.10, 1.41+/-0.13, and 0.51+/-0.12 mU/kg . min, in 4 @entity1582 , 18 @entity1582 , and 18 CR, respectively (P < 0.01 between all groups), and in 18 CR @entity35 infused with insulin at similar rates as in the 18 @entity1582 (1.4 mU/kg/min) hepatic @entity413 production was decreased by 32% (P < 0. 005). Furthermore, when 18 CR @entity35 were fed @entity1582 for 14 d, @entity1661 rapidly and selectively increased and severe hepatic insulin resistance was induced. We propose that in this animal model the age-associated decrease in hepatic (rather than peripheral) insulin action is the major determinant of fasting @entity3190 and that increased visceral adiposity plays the major role in inducing hepatic insulin resistance. Thus, interventions designed to prevent the accumulation of @entity1661 are likely to represent an effective mean to improve @entity1735 metabolism in @entity1240 .

title: Caloric restriction reverses hepatic insulin resistance in @entity1240 XXXX by decreasing visceral fat.

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['visceral/abdominal fat', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insulin sensitivity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To document the skin colonization and deep tissue inoculation rates associated with arthroscopic shoulder surgery and how these rates differ with procedural and demographic factors. METHODS: We prospectively recruited outpatient shoulder arthroscopy @entity1 who agreed to participate and met the inclusion criteria from February 2013 to May 2014. All @entity1 received routine antibiotic prophylaxis intravenously. Initial cultures were obtained before the skin preparation by swabbing the skin at the 3 standard portal sites: posterior, anterosuperior, and anterolateral. The skin preparation used 4% @entity1216 scrub and 2% @entity5164 /70% @entity5723 paint applied to the entire shoulder. After completion of the arthroscopic procedure, a second culture was obtained through a cannula at the surgical site. All cultures were plated for 21 days using Brucella medium. RESULTS: We enrolled 51 @entity1 over a 15-month period. Cultures showed a 72.5% @entity5478 superficial colonization rate: 46.1% of female and 81.6% of male @entity1 (P  = .027). We identified a deep culture-positive inoculation rate of 19.6%, all with positive @entity5478 skin colonization. No correlation could be made concerning diagnosis, procedure, suture anchor use, age, or sex. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of skin colonization with @entity5478 is high at arthroscopic portals, especially in @entity1 . Despite standard skin preparation and prophylactic antibiotics, the rate of deep tissue inoculation with @entity5478 in shoulder arthroscopy is much higher than the rate of infection reported in the literature. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Shoulder arthroscopy introduces a significant amount of @entity5478 into the deep tissues.

title: The Incidence of XXXX in Shoulder Arthroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity5478 :: ('1747', 'Species') :: ['P acnes', 'Propionibacterium acnes']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']

answer: @entity5478 :: (1747,Species) :: ['Propionibacterium acnes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of @entity3137 ( @entity3137 ) in @entity1 attending outpatient dental clinics in Sana a university, Yemen, and to evaluate the association of such lesions with age, gender, and oral habits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 409 subjects (272 males, 137 females, age: 15-86 years). Detailed clinical examination was performed in accordance with international criteria. @entity1 history included age, gender, education, denture wearing and risk habits ( @entity286 use and qat chewing). Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.00. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity3137 was 58.4% with a significant difference between @entity1 (63.6%) and @entity1 (48.2%; P < 0.05). The most common lesions were @entity8145 (37.2%), @entity57776 (15.9%), @entity5 and @entity5 -like lesions (9.8%), qat-induced @entity62 (9.3%) and racial pigmentation (5.9%). Overall @entity3137 prevalence was linked to risk habits and age; qat chewing was statistically significant risk factor for having @entity8145 (OR: 1.77), @entity57776 (OR: 2.74), and @entity62 (OR: 2.39) (P < 0.05). Cigarette smoking was statistically significant risk factor for having @entity57776 (OR: 2.82), @entity62 (OR: 3.60) and @entity5 and @entity5 -like lesions (OR: 2.91) (P < 0.01). The increase in age was statistically significant risk factor for having @entity5 and @entity5 -like lesions (OR: 1.04; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicate that the occurrence of @entity3137 among Yemeni adults is high and emphasize that risk habits and age have some relationship with the presence of @entity3137 . Key words:Oral mucosa, @entity75 , prevalence, smoking, qat chewing.

title: @entity3137 and their association with XXXX use and qat chewing among Yemeni dental @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['oral lesions']

entities_list: @entity8145 :: ('MESH:D014063', 'Disease') :: ['fissured tongue']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white lesions']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucosal lesions', 'OMLs']

entities_list: @entity57776 :: ('MESH:D014064', 'Disease') :: ['hairy tongue']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: @entity2918 of the E series are known to suppress in vitro production of @entity630 cytokines such as @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ) and @entity60 but have not been shown to suppress production of @entity61 cytokines such as @entity58 or @entity1618 . The present study used two new synthetic @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ) analogs with oral bioavailability, @entity396 (MP), and enisoprost (EP), to determine if these agents (1) exert suppressive effects in vitro on cytokine production by fresh unseparated @entity19 splenocytes and (2) are beneficial in vivo when used in conditions mediated by excessive @entity630 or @entity61 cytokine production. Preliminary in vitro studies demonstrated that both MP and EP can inhibit mitogen-stimulated @entity630 and @entity61 cytokine production in a dose-dependent fashion. Interestingly, at low doses, a stimulatory effect on @entity60 production was seen for both agents. In vivo studies tested the ability of parenteral administration of MP to alter outcome in the parent-into-F1 model of acute or chronic @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), entities thought to be mediated by excessive @entity630 or @entity61 cytokine production, respectively. Administration of MP to @entity19 undergoing acute @entity2132 resulted in little detectable effect. However, in three independent experiments, MP administration in chronic @entity2132 @entity19 consistently blocked @entity2132 -associated lymphoproliferation. In two of three experiments, @entity2132 -associated autoantibody production was significantly reduced. Variability between individual @entity19 and between experiments suggests that dosing regimens and MP preparation are of critical importance. Nevertheless, these findings raise the possibility that MP may be of benefit in the treatment of @entity1 diseases characterized by excessive @entity61 cytokine production and humoral autoimmunity, for example, @entity1 lupus.

title: Preliminary Studies of in vitro and in vivo Effects of XXXX on @entity630 and @entity61 Cytokine Production.

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E(1)', 'PGE(1)']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-vs-host disease']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['Misoprostol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To preliminarily compare the efficacy of @entity4481 with that of placebo on the cerebellar signs caused by @entity76 ( @entity76 ). A deficiency of @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) has been described in the cerebellum in @entity76 , and @entity4481 has been shown to enhance @entity1246 release in @entity35 hippocampus. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two consecutive @entity1 with clinical diagnoses of @entity76 took part in the study. A placebo and @entity4481 , 225 mg per day, were administered in a single-blind scheme during 15 day periods to every @entity1 ; cerebellar function was evaluated with the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia ( @entity25136 ) at the end of each period. A video recording of the @entity25136 items performed by the first @entity1 accompanies this article. RESULTS: Total @entity25136 scores of 19 and 15 were obtained for the @entity1 after placebo administration. The @entity25136 scores decreased to 11 and 8, respectively, with the administration of @entity4481 ; an important amelioration of the @entity2055 was also evident. Both @entity1 preferred continuing treatment with @entity4481 when the trial was over. CONCLUSION: @entity4481 was superior to placebo in the improvement of the cerebellar signs caused by @entity76 . Further studies are needed to confirm the present results.

title: Single-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of XXXX for @entity2055 in @entity76 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cortical cerebellar atrophy', 'CCA']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['pregabalin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4518 joint (PFJ) pathology accounts for upto 40% of cases of knee @entity158 . It has been suggested that PFJ pathology may be underreported in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Knee reports. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether PFJ was reported in MRI knee reports at our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 103 consecutive Knee MRIs over a 2-month period was performed by an author, blinded to the reports, at our institution. We analysed whether PFJ was mentioned in MRI knee reports and whether any significant PFJ pathology was present in the scans of this cohort. Images were also reviewed for any underlying causes of PFJ pathology such as @entity6125 ( @entity6125 ) that can result in patellar instability or maltracking. RESULTS: PFJ was not mentioned in 79/103 cases (77%). 24 cases had @entity6125 . There was no association between PFJ reporting and @entity6125 (p value  = 0.50). CONCLUSION: PFJ is not mentioned in the majority of Knee MRI reports. PFJ pathology is an important cause of anterior knee and should be reported.

title: XXXX joint is an under reported joint in MRI knee - A retrospective, cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity6125 :: ('MESH:D020432', 'Disease') :: ['trochlear dysplasia', 'TD']

entities_list: @entity4518 :: ('MESH:D046788', 'Disease') :: ['Patellofemoral']

answer: @entity4518 :: (MESH:D046788,Disease) :: ['Patellofemoral']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2880 ( @entity2880 ) is a recognized cause of secondary @entity3681 ( @entity571 ). Few studies have examined orthopaedic complications and outcomes in @entity2880 @entity1 treated for end-stage ankle @entity571 with @entity3681 ( @entity3681 ). To determine the clinical presentation, @entity260 and evaluate the mid-term outcome in @entity2880 @entity1 treated with @entity3681 . Eighteen @entity1 with @entity2880 with mean age 47.3  years (range  =  34.0-68.7) were treated for end-stage ankle @entity571 with @entity3681 . The mean duration of follow-up was 7.5  years (range  =  2.9-13.2). Intraoperative and perioperative complications were recorded. Component stability was assessed with weight-bearing radiographs. Clinical evaluation included range of motion (ROM) tests using a goniometer and under fluoroscopy using a lateral view. Clinical outcomes were analysed by a visual analogue scale, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score and Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) health survey. One @entity1 sustained an intraoperative @entity174 . In two @entity1 delayed wound @entity446 was observed. Two secondary major surgeries were performed. @entity158 level decreased from 8.2      0.9 (range  =  7-10) preoperatively to 1.1      1.2 (range  =  0-4) postoperatively. Significant functional improvement including ROM was observed. All categories of SF-36 score showed significant improvement in quality of life. Mid-term results of @entity3681 in @entity1 with @entity2880 are encouraging. The total rate of @entity260 was 33.3%. However, longer term outcomes are necessary to fully understand the clinical benefit of @entity3681 in @entity1 with @entity2880 .

title: Total ankle replacement in XXXX with @entity2880 : mid-term results of 18 procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['medial malleolar fracture']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['TAR', 'total ankle replacement', 'ankle osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand disease', 'VWD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Seventy-five previously untreated @entity1 with measurable advanced @entity14 were treated with 5 @entity1487 1,000 mg/m2 as a 24-hour intravenous (i.v.) continuous infusion during days 1-5 and 28-32 every cycle, plus @entity3600 ( @entity3600 ), 200 mg/m2 i.v. bolus on day 1, all given every 8 weeks up to 6 cycles. Median Karnofsky performance status (KPS) was 100. Sites of disease at entry were mainly the abdomen (45%) and liver (33%). All @entity1 were evaluable for response and survival. There were two complete responses and seven partial responses (PR) for an overall response rate of 12% (95% confidence limits: 5-20%). Four out of 25 @entity1 with liver @entity3 alone had PR. Stabilization was seen in 40 @entity1 (53%). Median time to progression was 9.3 months and overall median survival was 12.5 months, whereas median survival for @entity1 with liver @entity3 alone was 16 months. @entity137 was mild except for 8% with WHO grade 4 @entity33 . Only KPS had statistical significance in the multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. It is concluded that this regimen is relatively active and well tolerated in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 .

title: 120-hour XXXX ( @entity1487 ) continuous infusion (CI) plus BCNU in advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['BCNU', '1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine adolescents' attitudes concerning the use of self-care and traditional medicines. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire with open-ended questions was completed by 543 adolescents aged 15-19 y. The results showed that the most frequent self-care activity for general health problems, in more than three-quarters of them, was self-medication; 14% of them resorted to minor home treatment such as taking care of wounds, bandaging or massages. Instructions for use were mentioned by 69% of adolescents as a way of choosing self-prescribed drugs. Natural medicines were used by 32% of the @entity1 and 23% of the @entity1 , mainly herbal teas or plant-based medicines, followed by homoeopathy. Self-care for emotional and relational problems mainly involved thinking about the problem and questioning themselves about their own behaviour or about the way they are. They also mentioned activities such as sports, going out, listening to music, watching television, and trying to think about something else by keeping themselves occupied. Natural medicines were used by 19% of the @entity1 and 13% of the @entity1 . Plant-based medicines or herbal teas were used most often, followed by drugs or @entity167 , with homoeopathy in third place. CONCLUSION: Self-care and alternative medicines were used by adolescents in this study for physical as well as for @entity16223 . Their use did not reflect dissatisfaction with physicians and hospital treatment or an objection to formal services, but rather was a choice of these approaches for their own specific characteristics. They were also viewed as being less harmful than conventional treatment.

title: French adolescent attitudes towards informal care for physical and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity16223 :: ('MESH:D019973', 'Disease') :: ['emotional or relational problems']

answer: @entity16223 :: (MESH:D019973,Disease) :: ['emotional or relational problems']


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity3413 (one of a new class of @entity2453 reductase inhibitors) and @entity3724 on the @entity844 composition of @entity8557 , phospholipids and @entity1674 of different lipoproteins of 15 @entity1 with primary hypercholesterolaemia were compared in a double-blind study. 2. @entity3724 (300 mg day-1) increased the relative content of @entity1718 of @entity8557 , phospholipids and @entity1674 in VLDL, IDL and HDL. It also increased the relative content of @entity6221 of @entity8557 and phospholipids in all fractions and those of @entity1674 in VLDL and IDL. In contrast, it decreased the proportion of @entity1474 of @entity8557 and phospholipids in all fractions and those of @entity1674 in VLDL and IDL. The polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) ratio was reduced in @entity8557 and phospholipids in VLDL and in phospholipids in IDL by @entity3724 . The drug significantly increased the 18:1w9/18:2w6 ratio in @entity8557 and phospholipids in VLDL, LDL and HDL, but produced a non-significant increase in the ratio in IDL. 3. @entity3413 (20 mg day-1) produced a significant decrease in @entity10194 and an increase in @entity5204 in @entity1674 in VLDL. @entity3413 , in contrast to @entity3724 caused a slight decrease in saturated and @entity6221 in the three other lipoprotein fractions, and an increase in @entity1474 . The P/S and 18:1w9/18:2w6 ratios were not modified by @entity3413 .

title: Effect of @entity3413 and @entity3724 on the XXXX composition of hypercholesterolaemic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate', 'Fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity10194 :: ('CHEBI:26607', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol esters']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: The aims of this study were to investigate patterns of @entity5746 shedding in finishing @entity1707 and to study the role of the sow in the transmission of @entity5746 to her offspring. In each of the three herds (A, B, and C), one cohort of sows (n = 34, n = 40, n = 32, respectively) together with three piglets of their offspring (n = 102, n = 120, n = 96, respectively) were selected. Individual fecal and blood samples were taken from the sows at different times during one production cycle and from the piglets from weaning until slaughter. At slaughter, contents from the jejunum, colon, and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected. Fecal samples, as well as the jejunum, colon, and mesenteric lymph node samples collected at slaughter, were submitted to a qualitative @entity5746 analysis. Isolates were characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA, and if necessary, further characterization was done by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In herds A and B, @entity5746 shedding began in the nursery. A significant increase in the number of @entity5746 shedders was seen after transferring @entity1707 to the growing unit in herd B (P = 0.003) and to the finishing unit in herds A (P < 0.001) and B (P = 0.013). None of the fattening @entity1707 in herd C were shedding @entity5746 . This study reveals that transferring @entity1707 is an important trigger to induce @entity5746 shedding, leading to horizontal spread. Direct transmission of @entity5746 from the sows to their piglets could not be demonstrated, but the similarities between the isolates found in the sows and those found during the nursery and finishing periods and at slaughter suggested indirect transmission.

title: Distribution of salmonella strains in farrow-to-finish XXXX herds: a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether biofilm formation on @entity1346 tympanostomy tubes (TTs) is prevented by @entity4280 ( @entity12468 ) coating. DESIGN: In vitro microbiologic study. SUBJECTS: @entity1346 TTs with and without a @entity12468 coating. INTERVENTION: The TTs were exposed to blood or @entity1391 -buffered saline and cultured with @entity796 or @entity794 . After 4 days, antibiotics were added to kill planktonic bacteria. Biofilm formation was assessed by quantitative bacterial counts and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: @entity1 blood enhanced @entity794 biofilm formation on TTs with and without @entity12468 (P < .001). @entity794 biofilm formation was similar on TTs with and without @entity12468 coating. @entity796 biofilm formation was less on TTs with @entity12468 coating after exposure to @entity1391 -buffered saline (P = .04), but this difference was not significant after blood exposure (P = .19). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4280 coating of TTs imparts resistance to @entity796 biofilm formation. The clinical impact of @entity12468 on TTs may be attenuated by exposure to blood, but this will require study in clinical trials.

title: Biofilm formation on @entity1346 tympanostomy tubes with XXXX coating.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone', 'Polyvinylpyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone', 'silicone']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity4280 :: (MESH:D011205,Chemical) :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']


abstract: Dietary recommendations for @entity6 @entity1 now generally include the reduction of total and saturated fat and an increase in complex @entity3363 . We conducted two series of studies on individuals with @entity28 and/or @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) to assess the effects of this dietary recommendation on both lipoproteins and their metabolism as well as on insulin secretion and action and energy expenditure. Both series compared a diet high in saturated fat with a diet high in complex @entity3363 and fiber. Calories and proportion of protein were constant. In the first set of studies, we sought to examine the effect of replacement of saturated fat with complex @entity1735 in a regimen with conventional foods that would closely approximate foods expected to be used and recommended to @entity6 @entity1 . In the second regimen, we examined a more extreme difference between @entity1735 content and fat content using a dietary change that would approximate the contrasts between traditional diets of Native Americans or other cultures and a modern westernized diet. The effects on lipoproteins included consistent decreases in total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 (av 10%), minimum to no change in high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and insignificant changes in total or very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) @entity1674 or 24-h @entity412 profiles. Changes in total and LDL @entity165 required 3-4 wk to reach equilibrium. Metabolic studies used to elucidate the reasons for the decrease in LDL @entity165 confirmed no stimulation of VLDL @entity412 or @entity755 ( @entity755 ) production on the high- @entity1735 diet. The decrease in LDL appeared to be due to decreases in mechanisms that convert VLDL to LDL and increased activity of LDL @entity755 clearance. There were no changes in fasting and 2- or 24-h @entity413 profiles or in fasting and 2-h insulin concentrations in individuals consuming a diet of 30% fat and 55% @entity1735 . However, in the study with traditional foods, where dietary @entity1735 was 70% and fat only 15%, there was an improvement in @entity413 tolerance. It was accompanied by an improvement in @entity413 -mediated @entity413 disposal and insulin secretion. Finally, with a whole-body calorimeter, we found no difference between the high-fat and high- @entity1735 diets in terms of 24-h energy expenditure. In individuals having a wide range of @entity28 and @entity413 tolerance, substitution of complex @entity3363 for saturated fat has beneficial effects of lowering LDL @entity165 and possibly improving @entity413 tolerance and insulin secretion but without having any adverse effects on lipoprotein metabolism or energy expenditure.

title: Evaluation of metabolic effects of substitution of complex @entity3363 for saturated fat in individuals with @entity28 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apoB', 'apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['NIDDM']


abstract: @entity15395 ), a potent @entity1184 stimulus, causes significant increases in @entity641 gene expression. However, it is not known whether there is a causal relationship between increased levels of @entity641 and @entity1283 . Echocardiographic analysis revealed that @entity641 -deficient @entity19 subjected to chronic subpressor doses of @entity15395 had no significant change in left ventricular (LV) mass and percent fractional shortening during @entity15395 treatment. In contrast, @entity26549 II-treated wild-type @entity19 showed a >20% increase in LV mass and @entity299 . Cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area was also markedly increased in @entity15395 -treated wild-type @entity19 but unchanged in @entity15395 -treated @entity641 -deficient @entity19 . No significant levels of @entity82 , mitotic growth, or cytokine infiltration were detected in @entity15395 -treated @entity19 . @entity14662 expression was approximately 6-fold elevated in @entity15395 -treated wild-type, but not @entity641 -deficient @entity19 . However, the alpha- to beta-myosin heavy chain switch did not occur in @entity15395 -treated @entity19 , indicating that isoform switching is not obligatorily coupled with @entity1184 or @entity641 . The @entity15395 effect on @entity1184 was shown not to result from stimulation of the endogenous renin-angiotensis system. These results indicate that @entity641 is an important mediator of the @entity1184 growth response of the heart to @entity15395 .

title: @entity641 mediates the XXXX growth induced by angiotensin II.

entities_list: @entity14662 :: ('230899(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Atrial natriuretic factor']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cardiac function']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyocyte']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity137 remains a serious complication affecting quality of life for @entity263 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy. We began an investigational trial injecting hyaluronic acid (HA) in the perirectal fat to increase the distance between the prostate and the anterior rectal wall. This is the first report using HA injection in oncology. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This is a trial of external beam radiation therapy with @entity1168 brachytherapy boosts in @entity263 . During the two @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) fractions, thermoluminescent dosimeter dosimeters were placed in the urethra and in the rectum. Before the second @entity1168 fraction, 3-7 mL (mean, 6 mL) of HA was injected under transrectal ultrasound guidance in the perirectal fat to systematically create a 1.5-cm space. Urethral and rectal @entity1168 doses were calculated and measured. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess the stability of the new space. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 enrolled in the study. No @entity137 was produced from the HA or the injection. In follow-up computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the HA injection did not migrate or change in mass/shape for close to 1 year. The mean distance between rectum and prostate was 2.0 cm along the entire length of the prostate. The median measured rectal dose, when normalized to the median urethral dose, demonstrated a decrease in dose from 47.1% to 39.2% (p < 0.001) with or without injection. For an @entity1168 boost dose of 1150 cGy, the rectum mean Dmax reduction was from 708 cGy to 507 cGy, p < 0.001, and the rectum mean Dmean drop was from 608 to 442 cGy, p < 0.001 post-HA injection. CONCLUSION: The new 2-cm distance derived from the HA injection significantly decreased rectal dose in @entity1168 brachytherapy. Because of the several-month duration of stability, the same distance was maintained during the course of external beam radiation therapy.

title: Transperineal injection of hyaluronic acid in anterior perirectal fat to decrease @entity137 from radiation delivered with intensity modulated brachytherapy or EBRT for XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal toxicity', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Entry into mitosis requires the phosphorylation of multiple substrates by @entity25500 - @entity25499 , while exit from mitosis requires their dephosphorylation, which depends largely on the phosphatase @entity60968 in complex with its B55 regulatory subunit (Tws in @entity238 ). At mitotic entry, @entity25500 - @entity25499 activates the Greatwall kinase, which phosphorylates Endosulfine proteins, thereby activating their ability to inhibit @entity60968 competitively. The inhibition of @entity60968 at mitotic entry facilitates the accumulation of phosphorylated @entity25499 substrates. The coordination of these enzymes involves major changes in their localization. In interphase, @entity60969 is nuclear while @entity60968 is cytoplasmic. We recently showed that @entity60969 suddenly relocalizes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in prophase, before nuclear envelope breakdown and that this controlled localization of @entity60969 is required for its function. We and others have shown that phosphorylation of @entity60969 by @entity25500 - @entity25499 at multiple sites is required for its nuclear exclusion, but the precise mechanisms remained unclear. In addition, how @entity60969 returns to its nuclear localization was not explored. Here we show that @entity25500 - @entity25499 directly inactivates a Nuclear Localization Signal in the central region of @entity60969 . This phosphorylation facilitates the cytoplasmic retention of @entity60969 , which is exported to the cytoplasm in a @entity39683 -dependent manner. In addition, we show that @entity60968 -Tws promotes the return of @entity60969 to its nuclear localization during cytokinesis. Our results indicate that the cyclic changes in @entity60969 localization at mitotic entry and exit are directly regulated by the antagonistic @entity25500 - @entity25499 and @entity60968 -Tws enzymes.

title: Spatial regulation of greatwall by XXXX and @entity60968 -Tws in the cell cycle.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity25499 :: (34411(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Cdk1']


abstract: We evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of intramuscular (as a new route of administration) imipenem/ @entity9234 (IPM/CS) in @entity1 with intrauterine @entity281 which are typical in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Twenty-seven @entity1 were treated with IPM/CS, 250 mg/250 mg b.i.d. (3 @entity1 ), 500 mg/500 mg b.i.d. (22) and other dosages (a change in dosing regimen, 2). The duration of treatment ranged from 3 to 11 days and the total dosage during an entire course of treatment varied from 1.5 to 9.0 g. The drug was suspended in a @entity3303 solution and administered in the gluteal muscle of the @entity1 . 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 7 @entity1 (26%), good in 19 (70%) and poor in 1 (4%) and the overall efficacy rate was 96.3%. All of the 8 @entity1 who had not previously showed improvements with treatment by other antibiotics responded well to this drug. 3. Bacteriologically, the clinical efficacy rate was 95.8% (23/24) and the eradication rate was 76.2% (16/21). 4. No adverse effects due to the drug were observed. As abnormal laboratory test results, transient elevations of GOT and @entity6283 were noted in one @entity1 .

title: [Clinical study of intramuscular imipenem/ XXXX in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin sodium']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity9234 :: (MESH:D015377,Chemical) :: ['cilastatin sodium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity62381 polymorphism in @entity10617 was reported as a susceptibility factor to @entity30 ( @entity30 ). Inconsistently replicated associations with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and specifically with ileal @entity30 were also reported. Our aims were: to replicate the @entity10617 @entity62381 association with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in the Spanish population, to perform a meta-analysis to determine the risk conferred to the different @entity29 subgroups, and to test for the interaction with @entity6820 or @entity14283 risk loci. METHODS: @entity62381 ( @entity61806 ) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was genotyped in 712 @entity29 @entity1 and 745 controls by TaqMan technology. Genetic frequencies were compared with chi-square tests. Our findings were pooled in a meta-analysis. RESULTS: In Spain, we observed an association of @entity61806 with @entity30 (P = 0.008; odds ratio [OR, 95% confidence interval, CI] = 1.28 [1.06-1.54]), but not with @entity31 . No significant differences emerged when @entity1 were stratified by clinical features. Similarly, the meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association only with @entity30 (P < 10(-4); OR [95% CI] = 1.33 [1.28-1.38]). A significant difference between ileal @entity30 @entity1 and controls was observed, but heterogeneity was found in comparisons involving @entity30 @entity1 and definite conclusions cannot be drawn. No interaction between @entity61806 and the established @entity6820 or @entity14283 susceptibility variants was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity62381 polymorphism is associated with @entity30 , regardless of the @entity6820 or @entity14283 status, but not with @entity31 . Stratification by clinical phenotypes did not show definitive results because of the existing heterogeneity among studies.

title: Role of XXXX @entity62381 polymorphism in @entity29 : a Study in the Spanish population and a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity62381 :: ('p|SUB|T|300|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr300Ala']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'colonic CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity10617 :: (55054,Gene) :: ['ATG16L1']


abstract: It is estimated that over 200 million @entity1 worldwide have @entity170 . The prevalence of @entity170 is continuing to escalate with the increasingly elderly population. The major complication of @entity170 is an increase in @entity174 leading to morbidity, mortality, and decreased quality of life. In the European Union, in 2000, the number of @entity3604 was estimated at 3.79 million. A baseline @entity174 is a very strong predictor of further @entity174 with 20% of @entity1 experiencing a second @entity174 within the first year. The costs to health care services are already considerable and, on current trends, are predicted to double by 2050. The direct costs of @entity3604 to the health services in the European Union in the year 2000 were estimated at 32 billion @entity7634 . Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity170 are available in many countries; however, implementation is generally poor despite the availability of treatments with proven efficacy. Programs to increase awareness of @entity170 and its outcomes are necessary for healthcare specialists and the general public. Earlier diagnosis and intervention prior to the first @entity174 are highly desirable.

title: XXXX : a still increasing prevalence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fragility fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: This report deals with 11 examples of @entity8 ( @entity359 ) which appear to include an epithelial element as a part of the @entity5 in the form of gross or microscopic cysts-usually both. There were seven females and four males between the ages of 20 and 70 years with mean age of 45 years. Three of these were known to be symptomatic: intermittent @entity812 and gross @entity811 for 2 months; recurrent @entity811 both before and after @entity812 and a third @entity1 with acute abdomen due to a @entity3120 . Cysts were described in three of the six cases where radiographic data were available. Seven @entity5 were in the right kidney and four in the left. In gross descriptions, cysts were mentioned in seven and they ranged from 6.0 to 2.0 cm with a median and mean maximal diameter of 5.0 and 4.0 cm, respectively. Microscopically, virtually all of the @entity5 included multiple smaller cysts and these were lined by flat, cuboidal or columnar epithelium and occasionally hobnail epithelium. There was usually a subepithelial collar of poorly differentiated cells, but the solid element of all @entity5 was @entity359 ; only one case had any adipose tissue. A dominant histological feature was the prominent lymphatic channels-identical to those of @entity54273 and myomatous or triphasic AMLs. They are much more conspicuous in these cystic cases. Immunohistochemically, all @entity5 tested were reactive with actin, @entity2283 and HMB-45, with the latter being more intensely positive in the subepithelial collars. @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors were usually positive, also. The behavior of these lesions appears to be no different from that of other AMLs.

title: Cystic XXXX : a clinicopathologic description of 11 cases.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal angiomyolipomas']

entities_list: @entity3120 :: ('MESH:D009383', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured tumor blood vessel']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain', 'flank trauma']

entities_list: @entity54273 :: ('MESH:D008203', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'myomatous angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['angiomyolipoma of the kidney']


abstract: @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ) was diagnosed in 77 @entity1 among 2200 admissions to the NICU during the period January 1986 to September 1990. The incidence was 0.5% of all live births and 3.5% of NICU admissions. Majority (57.1%) had Stage I of the disease while 23.4% had Stage II and 19.5% had Stage III of the disease. The average birth weight of the babies was 1650 +/- 577 g and gestational age 33.3 +/- 2.6 weeks. Majority (53.2%) were very low birth weight (VLBW) babies. Incidence was significantly more (5.7% vs 0.25%, p < 0.001) in VLBW @entity1 and in preterm @entity1 of gestational age less than 32 weeks (5.2% vs 0.09%, p < 0.001). Multiple risk factors were present in these babies while 8 babies did not have any risk factor. Risk of developing @entity3166 was significantly more if @entity1 had any of these risk factor (p < 0.001). Incidence of severe birth @entity1763 was more in Stage I cases (35.7% vs 10.3%, p < 0.05). The age at presentation was 4.9 +/- 4.8 days and majority (96%) presented during the first 14 days. The overall survival was 61% and was 70.5, 77.8 and 13.3% in Stages I, II and III, respectively. VLBW and preterm @entity1 had a higher mortality.

title: XXXX an epidemiological study.

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'Necrotizing enterocolitis']

answer: @entity3166 :: (MESH:D020345,Disease) :: ['Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy and @entity137 of nanoparticle albumin bound @entity1311 (nab- @entity1311 ) plus @entity902 agent ( @entity900 or @entity3003 ) as first line treatment for stage III/IV squamous @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Forty chemotherapy naive @entity1 with stage III/IV squamous @entity1149 received nab- @entity1311 125 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 8, @entity900 75 mg/m2 on day 1, @entity3003 area under the concentration-time curve of 5 (AUC=5) on day 1. One cycle of treatment was 3 weeks, and at least two were completed in each case. RESULTS: Of the 40 @entity1 who participated in the study, 25 achieved partial responses (PR), 12 reached a stage of @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and 3 suffered @entity74 ( @entity74 ). The overall response rate (ORR) was 62.5% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 92.5%. Of the 20 @entity1 without surgery or radiotherapy, 10 achieved PR, 7 reached a stage of @entity66 , and 3 @entity74 . The ORR was 50.0% and the DCR was 85.0%. The median progression-free survival time (PFS) of @entity1 without surgery or radiotherapy was 5.0 months. Of the 20 @entity1 receiving surgery or radiotherapy, 15 had PR and 5 p had @entity66 , with an ORR of 75.0% and a DCR of 85.0%. Specifically, the @entity15353 arm demonstrated a significantly higher ORR than the @entity16221 arm (100%vs 54.5%, P<0.05). Common treatment related adverse events were myelosuppression, gastrointestinal response, @entity1665 and @entity2359 , most of which were grade 1 to 2. CONCLUSION: Nab- @entity1311 plus @entity902 agent ( @entity900 or @entity3003 ) is effective as a first-line chemotherapy for stage III/IV squamous @entity1149 , and its adverse effects are tolerable.

title: Clinical investigation of efficacy of albumin bound XXXX plus @entity902 compounds as first-line chemotherapy for stage III/IV squamous @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency and characteristics of macular lesions observed in @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) @entity1596 , using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 38 consecutive @entity1 were recruited from a tertiary referral center in @entity1596 . All eyes with @entity4932 @entity1596 underwent complete ophthalmic examination including @entity4729 . Exclusion criterion was the inability to obtain OCT scans. Flare and visual acuity were also analysed by using linear regression. RESULTS: We analysed @entity2070 ( @entity2070 ) and @entity2070 ( @entity2070 ), using software mapping, to describe macular lesions in 61 eyes. @entity1020 was observed in 51 eyes (84%) compared with 12% in the literature (p<0.0001) and comprised four types: perifoveolar thickening in 45 eyes (74%), macular @entity4 in 29 eyes (48%), @entity2070 in 11 eyes (18%) and @entity735 (10%). Only four eyes did not demonstrate any lesion. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity4932 @entity1596 , macular involvement is frequent and characterised by perifoveolar thickening and @entity1713 . OCT is a non-invasive instrument. It can easily identify this @entity1020 , which could impair visual function, and require therapeutic intensification.

title: XXXX in @entity1596 of @entity4932 : an optical coherence tomography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['serous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['CFT', 'FT', 'foveal detachment', 'foveal thickness', 'central foveal thickness']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic changes in six eyes']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Maculopathy', 'maculopathy']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['Maculopathy']


abstract: @entity8886 is one of the most important organic chemicals in use today. The highest @entity1 exposures to @entity8886 take place by inhalation during the production of fibreglass-reinforced plastics. @entity8886 is oxidized by hepatic cytochrome P450 to @entity13689 (SO), an @entity4299 that has been shown to induce @entity2008 , sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei in many cell systems. In this work, the effect of SO on the expression of some genes involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis regulation in @entity1 white blood cells was studied. Lymphocyte cultures from four donors were exposed to 50 and 200 microM SO, 1% @entity3733 being the control. Aliquots of the cultures were taken at six different time points (30, 36, 42, 48, 60 and 72 h), total mRNA was extracted in each one of them and RT-PCR was carried out to analyze the expression of the genes @entity876 , @entity3544 , @entity588 and @entity589 . Moreover, a cytokinesis block assay was performed to estimate cell proliferation kinetics by calculating the cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI), and to evaluate the number of cells undergoing apoptosis. Furthermore, apoptotic events were detected by the DNA fragmentation assay. In our results, a high interindividual variation in the expression of the studied genes was observed. Expression curves obtained for the four genes, together with the data from the CBPI and apoptotic cells scored, suggest that exposure to high levels of SO may induce a delay in the cell cycle, probably directed to allowing repair systems to act on the genotoxic damage produced, more than driving cells towards programmed cell death.

title: Effects of @entity13689 over @entity876 , XXXX , @entity588 and @entity589 expression in @entity1 lymphocyte cultures.

entities_list: @entity4299 :: ('CHEBI:32955', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxide']

entities_list: @entity8886 :: ('MESH:D020058', 'Chemical') :: ['Styrene', 'styrene']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome aberrations']

answer: @entity3544 :: (644914,Gene) :: ['p21']


abstract: It is known that psychostimulants including @entity888 (MA) have @entity2359 effect, especially, if they are targeting CNS during its critical periods of development. The present study was aimed on evaluation of cognitive changes following scheduled prenatal MA exposure in combination with long-term exposure in adulthood of male @entity35 . Two periods of gestation were targeted: 1(st) half - the embryonic day (ED) 1-11 and 2(nd) half - ED 12-22. @entity35 mothers received subcutaneously a daily injection of MA (5 mg/kg) or saline (SAL, 1 ml/kg) throughout scheduled periods. Male offspring were tested for cognitive changes in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) in adulthood. Each day of the experiment animals received an injection of MA (1 mg/kg) or SAL (1 ml/kg) during 12 days. Our results demonstrated that in the group of animals exposed to the drug during ED 1-11, neither prenatal MA exposure, nor adult MA treatment changed the performance in the MWM test. Only the velocity was increased in group with long-term MA treatment (SAL/MA and MA/MA). In the group of animals exposed to the drug during ED 12-22, @entity35 exposed to MA prenatally and also in adulthood (MA/MA) swam faster but learned the position of the platform slower in the Place Navigation Test than animals exposed to SAL in adulthood (MA/SAL). In the Probe Test, MA/SAL had decreased velocity and swam shorter distance than MA/MA or SAL/SAL @entity35 suggesting increased floating of these animals. In the Memory Retention Test, SAL/MA @entity35 swam shorter distance than SAL/SAL or MA/MA animals suggesting changes in used strategies in memory recall. As conclusion, our results suggest differences in the effect of combination of prenatal and adult exposure to MA. These effects further depend on the stage of CNS development and schedule of MA exposure affecting intrauterine development in male @entity35 .

title: Exposure to XXXX during first and second half of prenatal period and its consequences on cognition after long-term application in adulthood.

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Compliance with annual @entity3070 treatment is a major challenge in community-directed treatment with @entity3070 (CDTI) implementation. There are individuals who do not comply with the annual mass treatment, which contributes to the continuity for disease transmission. Hence, ensuring high treatment coverage and sustained compliance should be given due emphasis in the control of @entity7289 . The aim of this study was to determine CDTI compliance rate and predictors of compliance where the CDTI was in its 9(th) round in Kabo area, southwestern Ethiopia. METHODS: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kabo area, three weeks after the 9th round of annual @entity3070 distribution. Systematic random sampling was used to select head of households and structured, pre-tested questionnaire was used to interview the study @entity1 . Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Descriptive statistics was used to compute mean and standard deviation of continuous variables and frequency for categorical variables, while bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the effects of independent variables on the outcome variable. Variables which showed association in multivariate analysis were considered as final predictors of compliance and strength of association was measured through adjusted odds ratio (AOR). RESULTS: A total of 308 respondents (age range 18-70, mean age        SD, 32.21        9.64) participated in the study. Of these, 249 (80.8%) reported that they took @entity3070 during the 9th round annual treatment. Significantly higher rate of treatment compliance was reported by @entity1 age >= 35 years (AOR = 5.48, 95% CI; 1.97 - 15.23), @entity1 who stayed in the area for more than ten years (AOR   =   3.86, 95% CI; 1.83- 8.11), @entity1 who perceive that they are at risk of contracting the disease(AOR   =   7.05, 2.70- 18.43), @entity1 who perceive @entity497 ( @entity497 ) are doing their work well (AOR   =   2.35 95% CI; 1.15- 4.83) and @entity1 who know at least one CDD in their village (AOR   =   2.83, 95% CI; 1.26- 6.40). CONCLUSION: The majority of the study @entity1 in the present study area complied with @entity3070 treatment. Nevertheless, intervention packages should consider factors such as age, residence duration and community's perception of the disease to improve compliance and make drug distribution sustainable.

title: Predictors of compliance with community-directed treatment with @entity3070 for XXXX control in Kabo area, southwestern Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community drug distributors', 'CDDs']

entities_list: @entity7289 :: ('MESH:D009855', 'Disease') :: ['onchocerciasis']

answer: @entity7289 :: (MESH:D009855,Disease) :: ['onchocerciasis']


abstract: @entity1911 is usually characterized by a marked increase in peripheral @entity2922 secretion. Whether this is accompanied by an alteration in central sympathetic drive has not been clarified. In 6 @entity1 with @entity1911 (mean+/-SEM age, 49. 3+/-7.2 years), we measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure (photoplethysmographic device), heart rate (ECG), venous plasma @entity2661 (high-performance liquid chromatography), and postganglionic muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography) before and 78.3+/-13 days after surgical @entity5 . In each experimental session, measurements were performed during (1) a 60-minute resting period to compare several values of sympathetic nerve traffic at similar blood pressures before and after surgery and (2) @entity386 , ie, a maneuver inducing sympathetic activation. Tumor removal significantly (P<0.05 at least) reduced plasma @entity2661 , blood pressure, and heart rate. In contrast, muscle sympathetic nerve activity was significantly (P<0.01) increased, both when quantified as bursts per minute (from 28.1+/-5.7 to 54.3+/-7.5) and as bursts per 100 heartbeats (from 33. 4+/-5.6 to 65.1+/-6.5). This was also the case when data were evaluated in periods of 2 experimental sessions characterized by similar diastolic blood pressure values. The @entity386 maneuver induced sympathetic nerve traffic responses that were significantly (P<0.05) greater after surgery than before surgery. These data provide the first direct evidence that in @entity1911 central sympathetic outflow is markedly reduced and that this reduction cannot be ascribed to a reflex inhibitory response to elevated blood pressures. It is likely that this sympathoinhibition is rather due to a central depression of sympathetic outflow induced by high circulating @entity2661 .

title: Sympathetic nerve traffic responses to surgical removal of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytoma', 'Pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'voluntary end-expiratory apnea']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to validate the usefulness of shear wave elastography (SWE) in predicting @entity1374 with a large-scale quantitative SWE data. METHODS: This restrospective study included 476 thyroid nodules in 453 @entity1 who underwent gray-scale US and SWE before US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNA) or surgical excision were included. Gray-scale findings and SWE elasticity indices (EIs) were retrospectively reviewed and compared between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The optimal cut-off values of EIs for predicting @entity5 were determined. The diagnostic performances of gray-scale US and SWE for predicting @entity5 were analyzed. The diagnostic performance was compared between the gray-scale US findings only and the combined use of gray-scale US findings with SWEs. RESULTS: All EIs of malignant thyroid nodules were significantly higher than those of benign nodules (p <=.001). The optimal cut-off value of each EI for predicting @entity5 was 85.2kPa of Emean, 94.0kPa of Emax, 54.0kPa of Emin. Emean (OR 3.071, p=.005) and Emax (OR 3.015, p=.003) were the independent predictors of @entity1374 . Combined use of gray-scale US findings and each EI showed elevated sensitivity (95.0-95.5% vs 92.9%, p <=.005) and AUC (0.820-0.834 vs 0.769, p <=.005) for predicting @entity5 , compared with the use of only gray-scale US findings. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative parameters of SWE were the independent predictors of @entity1374 and SWE evaluation combined with gray-scale US was adjunctive to the diagnostic performance of gray-scale US for predicting @entity1374 .

title: Shear wave elastography of thyroid nodules for the prediction of XXXX in a large scale study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCPs) play an important role in mediating inflammatory processes. @entity101 ( @entity101 ) is associated with @entity32 as well as impaired cardiac microcirculatory function and structure, but the contribution of MCPs to these alterations remained unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that MCPs regulate cardiac microvascular function and structure in experimental @entity101 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1707 (n=6 per group) were studied after 10 weeks of normal, @entity2792 , or @entity2792 + bindarit (MCPs inhibitor, 50 mg/kg/d PO). Left ventricular (LV) function, myocardial microvascular permeability, and fractional vascular volume were assessed by fast computed tomography before and after @entity859 infusion (400 microg/kg/min). @entity296 , @entity32 , and microvascular remodeling were determined ex vivo. @entity101 was not altered by bindarit, but LV @entity1184 and diastolic function were improved. In response to @entity859 , myocardial microvascular permeability increased in @entity101 (from 0.0083+/-0.0009 to 0.0103+/-0.0011 @entity10058 , P=0.038 versus baseline) and fractional vascular volume decreased, whereas both remained unchanged in normal and @entity101 +bindarit @entity1707 . @entity101 upregulated @entity18512 expression, @entity296 , and microvascular wall thickening, which were inhibited by bindarit. CONCLUSIONS: MCPs partly mediate @entity296 , @entity82 , @entity6980 , and @entity455 induced by @entity101 . Inhibition of MCPs could potentially be a therapeutic target in hypertensive @entity296 .

title: Monocyte chemoattractant proteins mediate myocardial microvascular dysfunction in XXXX @entity2792 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial inflammation', 'Myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vascular integrity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular HTN']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['vascular remodeling']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to establish surgical guidelines based on the growth pattern of @entity1567 in relation to the possible infiltration of the cortical bone, the @entity129 , the periosteal layer and the surrounding soft tissues. Five male @entity1 with @entity1567 were treated by means of radical surgery. @entity1567 showed an invasive growth pattern in the cancellous bone with small @entity5 nests at a maximum distance of 5mm away from the bulk of the @entity5 . Expansive and invasive growth in the Haversian canals was observed. There was no invasion of the @entity129 . The mucoperiosteal layer was invaded but not perforated. No invasion was observed in the surrounding soft tissues of the periosteum and in the skin tissue. A local resection with a surgical margin of spongious bone of 1cm is suggested. When the @entity5 is radiologically closer than 1cm to the inferior border of the mandible, a continuity resection is mandatory. A conservative approach concerning the @entity129 is suggested. Removal of an excess of perimandibular soft tissue is not indicated. The overlying attached mucosal surface should however be excised together with the underlying bone.

title: Growth characteristics of large mandibular XXXX : report of 5 cases with implications for the approach to surgery.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['inferior alveolar nerve']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastomas', 'Ameloblastomas', 'voluminous mandibular ameloblastomas']

answer: @entity1567 :: (MESH:D000564,Disease) :: ['ameloblastomas']


abstract: Crosses of Ogura @entity25266 @entity21147 . purpuraria x Raphanus sativus x @entity4335 were made and four hybrids were produced. One plant (PRN-1) was mosaic with yellow and milk white flowers and some flowers had both yellow and white petals. The others ( @entity1605 , -3, -4) had white flowers. @entity915 had degenerated anthers, the other three had three to six anthers and could produce some pollens, but the pollens of @entity1605 were unstainable by I2-KI solution. @entity1605 had four normal honey glands, PRN-1 and PRN-3 had two, and @entity915 had none. @entity1605 had normal leaf color and the other three showed different degrees of @entity38 deficiency at low temperature. The chromosome number of PRN-1 was 2n = 38 and had the mean chromosome paring configuration of 14.67 I + 10.07 II + 1.06 III, and its chromosome set constitution might be AACR. This chromosome constitution may be due to the fertilization of female gamete of n = 19 (AR) with male gamete of n = 19 (AC) from @entity4335 . The occurrence of mosaic flower color in this plant may be attributed to the @entity2008 caused by wide hybridization, such as chromosome @entity4523 and chromosome bridges. The chromosome number of @entity1605 was 2n = 35 and the mean chromosome paring configuration was 13.89 I + 8.33 II + 1.33 III + 0.11 IV. The chromosome number of PRN-3 was 2n = 33 and the mean chromosome paring configuration was 14.00 I + 7.82 II + 1.00 III + 0.09 IV. The chromosome number of @entity915 was not determined as there was no pollen mother cell formation. Chromosome bridges and laggards were observed in PRN-1-3. Some seeds were harvested from PRN-1-3 but none was harvested from @entity915 when backcrossed with @entity4335 . It seems possible for us to overcome the chlorophyll deficiency and @entity854 and restore the male fertility in Ogura @entity25266 by introduction of the nucleus of R. sativus into this cytoplasmic male sterile line.

title: [Production and cytogenetics of hybrids of Ogura @entity25266 @entity21147 . purpuraria x Raphanus sativus x XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity21147 :: ('439823', 'Species') :: ['Brassica campestris var']

entities_list: @entity4335 :: ('3708', 'Species') :: ['B. napus', 'Brassica napus']

entities_list: @entity4523 :: ('MESH:D048629', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency and the formation of chromosome fragments']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['honey gland abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

answer: @entity4335 :: (3708,Species) :: ['Brassica napus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Substance use disorder in @entity1 with @entity5 has implications for outcomes. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of the type and timing of substance use on outcomes in elderly Medicare recipients with @entity263 . METHODS: This was an observational cohort study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked data from 2000 to 2009. Among @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity263 between 2001 and 2004, we identified those who had a claim for substance use disorder in the year before @entity5 diagnosis, 1 year after @entity5 diagnosis, and an additional 4 years after diagnosis. The outcomes investigated were use of health services, costs, and mortality. RESULTS: The prevalence of substance use disorder was 10.6%. The category drug psychoses and related had greater odds of inpatient hospitalizations (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-2.8), outpatient hospital visits (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.9-3.6), and @entity341 (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4). Substance use disorder in the follow-up phase was associated with greater odds of inpatient hospitalizations (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.8-2.2), outpatient hospital visits (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.7-2.4), and @entity341 (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.5-2.1). Compared with @entity1 who did not have substance use disorder, those in the category drug psychoses and related had 70% higher costs, and those who had substance use disorder during the follow-up phase had 60% higher costs. The hazard of all-cause mortality was highest for @entity1 in the drug psychoses and related category (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7) and the substance use disorder in treatment phase category (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.7). CONCLUSIONS: The intersection of @entity263 and substance use disorder may adversely affect outcomes. Incorporating substance use screening and treatments into @entity263 care guidelines and coordination of care is desirable. @entity5 2014;120:3338-3345.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Substance use disorder and its effects on outcomes in XXXX with @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency room visits']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment-elevation @entity583 are at increased risk for adverse events. It is unclear if image guidance by optical coherence tomography (OCT) can improve outcomes in these @entity1 . We compared OCT-guided versus angiography-guided primary PCI for ST-segment-elevation @entity583 among @entity1 in the Thrombectomy Versus PCI Alone (TOTAL) trial. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 10   732 @entity1 enrolled in the TOTAL trial, OCT was used for PCI guidance as a part of a prospective substudy in 214 @entity1 . Using 2:1 propensity matching, we identified 428 @entity1 in the trial who had PCI performed with angiography guidance alone. The primary outcome was a composite of @entity65 , @entity583 , stent @entity715 , and target-vessel revascularization at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included final in-stent angiographic minimum lumen diameter, procedure time, and contrast dose. The final in-stent angiographic minimum lumen diameter was 2.99  0.48 mm in the OCT-guided group versus 2.79  0.47 mm in the angiography-guided group (P<0.0001). OCT- and angiography-guided PCI had a median (interquartile range) procedure time of 58 (47, 71) minute versus 38 (28, 52) minute (P<0.0001) and total contrast dose of 239.7  81.1 mL versus 193.3  78.6 mL (P<0.0001). The primary outcome was observed in 7.5% of the OCT-guided group versus 9.8% of the angiography-guided group (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.43-1.34; P=0.34). CONCLUSIONS: OCT-guided primary PCI for ST-segment-elevation @entity583 was associated with a larger final in-stent minimum lumen diameter. There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes at 1 year; however, the study was underpowered to detect a treatment effect. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01149044.

title: Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment-Elevation XXXX : A Prospective Propensity-Matched Cohort of the Thrombectomy Versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Alone Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: One hundred and forty two @entity1 (62 with definite @entity244 , 24 with probable @entity244 , and 56 in whom @entity244 was finally ruled out) were studied. Schirmer's test and rose bengal staining for the diagnosis of @entity9849 sicca and salivary scintigraphy and a labial biopsy sample for the diagnosis of xerostomaia were studied in all @entity1 . Rose bengal staining showed high specificity (98%) but low sensitivity (55%). All @entity1 with positive rose bengal staining results had associated @entity2133 . In the rose bengal staining positive @entity1 , scintigraphy had 100% specificity. A labial biopsy sample showed high sensitivity in the rose bengal staining, salivary scintigraphy positive group, and high specificity in the rose bengal staining positive, salivary scintigraphy negative group. In @entity1 with negative rose bengal staining, salivary scintigraphy showed 96% specificity and 36% sensitivity. A labial biopsy sample had a sensitivity and specificity greater than 90% in rose bengal staining negative @entity1 . Only 29 biopsy samples were needed to achieve a diagnosis of @entity244 in 142 @entity1 (20%). Hence the suggested approach may make it unnecessary to take biopsy samples in approximately 80% of @entity1 with suspected @entity244 . Using the stepwise approach of first rose bengal staining, then salivary scintigraphy, and eventually a labial biopsy sample in @entity1 with suspected @entity244 , the diagnosis is relatively simple.

title: XXXX : a stepwise approach to the use of diagnostic tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Sj  gren's syndrome']


abstract: A case of posterior upper mediastinal @entity359 is reported. The @entity1 was an asymptomatic 63-year-old female, in whom an abnormal shadow was detected on chest x-ray at medical examination. On computed tomogram, the mass was located in the right paravertebral upper mediastinum, and its density had a CT-number of 12. It had high MRI intensity. Since there remained a possibility of @entity5 , thoracotomy was carried out. The resected @entity5 was soft in consistency and the size was 20 x 23 x 37 mm. Histological examination showed that the mass was composed of fatty tissue, smooth muscle, and vascular tissue. Therefore, the @entity5 was diagnosed as @entity359 . Although @entity359 are often found in the kidney, those in the mediastinum are very rare and there have been only 2 cases reported in the literature. We consider that @entity359 is rare, but important in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal @entity5 .

title: [Case report of XXXX of the posterior upper mediastinum].

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas', 'angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

answer: @entity359 :: (MESH:D018207,Disease) :: ['angiomyolipoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the clinical characteristics of periconus @entity1940 ( @entity1940 ) in eyes with pathologic @entity1714 . DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 260 eyes of 254 @entity1 with a myopic @entity471 and selected those with a periconus @entity471 . A periconus @entity471 was defined as a @entity471 that is located next to a myopic conus. To differentiate a periconus @entity471 from a subfoveal @entity471 that has expanded to the edge of the disc, eyes whose @entity471 involved the fovea were excluded. The data of the eyes with a subfoveal @entity471 were used for comparison. RESULTS: Eleven eyes (4.2%) of 11 @entity1 had a periconus @entity471 . These @entity1940 had a triangular or oval shape whose base was directed toward the myopic conus. The eyes with a periconus @entity471 had a significantly larger myopic conus than eyes with a subfoveal myopic @entity471 . The degree of @entity1714 and axial length were not significantly associated with the incidence of periconus @entity471 . In 5 of the 11 @entity1 , the periconus @entity471 had a spontaneous regression without treatment, and none had a recurrence. The other 6 @entity1 received treatment and obtained an angiographic closure after a single treatment. A @entity5066 ( @entity5066 ) developed in 3 eyes, and the @entity5066 enlarged over the fovea in 2 of these eyes, which led to a significant @entity227 . CONCLUSION: A periconus @entity471 is rare (4.2%) among the eyes with a myopic @entity471 and is more likely to develop in eyes with a large myopic conus. The absence of a significant association between the degree of @entity1714 and incidence of periconus @entity471 suggests that the morphologic characteristics of the eye are not the causes of the periconus @entity471 . Although an angiographic closure can be easily attained with or without the treatment, the later development and progression of @entity5066 can impair vision.

title: Characteristics of periconus @entity1940 in pathologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of vision']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal atrophy', 'ChRA']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularizations', 'CNVs']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Melody valved stents (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA) have become a very competitive therapeutic option for @entity338 in @entity1 with @entity299 . After adequate prestenting of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) Melody valved stents have a good medium term functional result but are exposed to @entity884 ( @entity884 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective study of @entity299 database; to compare incidence of @entity884 in three different types of valved conduits in RVOT: Melody valved stent, cryopreserved homograft (European Homograft Bank) and Contegra graft (Medtronic Inc). RESULTS: Between 1989 and 2013, 738 conduits were implanted in 677 @entity1 . 107 Melody valved stents were implanted in 107 @entity1 ; @entity884 occurred in 8 (7.5%) @entity1 during a follow-up of 2.0   years (IQR 2.4   years, range 0.3-7.8   years). 577 Homografts were implanted in 517 @entity1 ; @entity884 occurred in 14 @entity1 (2.4%) during a median follow-up of 6.5   years (IQR 9.2   years; range 0.1-23.7   years). Finally, 54 Contegra grafts were implanted in 53 @entity1 ; 11 @entity1 (20.4%) had @entity884 during a follow-up of 8.8   years (IQR 7.7   years; range 0.2-3.5   years). Survival free of @entity884 by Kaplan-Meier for homografts was 98.7% at 5   years and 97.3% at 10   years; for Contegra 87.8% at 5   years and 77.3% at 10   years and for Melody 84.9% at 5   years (log-rank test; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The Contegra conduit and Melody valved stents have a significantly higher incidence of @entity884 than homografts. @entity884 is a significant threat for long-term conduit function.

title: XXXX of a transcatheter pulmonary valve in comparison with surgical implants.

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['tertiary centre Congenital Heart Disease', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Infective endocarditis']


abstract: @entity384 ( @entity384 ) is both a sensitive and a specific indicator of @entity453 . This finding, obtained from ungated SPECT images, is the ratio of the average ventricular size after stress compared with rest. With gated SPECT, however, measurements of the end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume ( @entity5778 ) can be obtained, and the relative contributions of each to the @entity384 ratio may be estimated. The objective of this study was to quantify the relative contributions of the EDV and @entity5778 when correlating an optimized stress-induced volume ratio (SIVR) with @entity741 . METHODS: A retrospective review was made of 422 consecutive @entity1 undergoing gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. Semiquantitative summed stress and rest scores were determined using a 17-segment, 5-point model. The presence of @entity741 was defined as a summed difference score of >or=3 (i.e., @entity741 of >4%). Poststress-to-rest ratios of the EDV, @entity5778 , and @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) were correlated with @entity741 . Using a brute force method, relative weights were assigned empirically to the EDV and @entity5778 to calculate an optimized SIVR having the strongest correlation with @entity741 . RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between the presence or absence of @entity63 and the @entity5778 ratio (P<0.01), the EDV ratio (P<0.01), and the @entity1002 ratio (P<0.05). When controlling for age, type of stress, and sex, the strongest correlation was with the @entity5778 ratio. The SIVR most strongly correlated with @entity741 was found to be the stress-to-rest ratio of the (ESVx5.0+EDV). This SIVR was more strongly correlated with @entity741 than the stress-to-rest @entity5778 ratio, EDV ratio, or @entity1002 ratio. CONCLUSION: Compared with either the @entity5778 or the EDV stress-to-rest ratio alone, the combination of both results in a stronger correlation with @entity741 . The contribution of the @entity5778 was found to be 5 times greater than the contribution of the EDV when determining a SIVR most strongly correlated with stress-induced myocardial perfusion defects.

title: Quantifying transient XXXX using gated SPECT.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['TID', 'Transient ischemic dilation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['triple-vessel coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['ischemic dilation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values calculated through magnetic resonance imaging have been proposed as a useful tool to distinguish benign from @entity409 . Most studies however included simple cysts in their analysis. @entity96 are easy to diagnose, have very high ADC values and their inclusion facilitates differentiation in the ADC values between benign and @entity409 groups. We prospectively evaluated the ability of ADC values to differentiate metastatic liver lesions from all benign or only solid benign liver lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-seven adult @entity5 @entity1 with 188 liver lesions were evaluated. Lesions were categorized as metastatic or benign throughout imaging and clinical evaluation. One hundred and five (105) metastatic lesions and 83 benign lesions including @entity2695 (37), cysts (42), @entity652 (2) and @entity4383 (2) were evaluated. ADC values were calculated for each lesion utilizing two b values (0 and 600 sec/ @entity202 ). RESULTS: The average ADC value for cysts was 2.4 10(-3) @entity202 /sec (CI: 2.1-2.6), for solid benign lesions was 1.4 10(-3) @entity202 /sec (CI: 1.1-1.7) and for @entity3 was 1.0 10(-3) @entity202 /sec (CI: 0.8-1.3). There was a difference between the ADC values of @entity3 and benign solid lesions (p<0.0001). With the ADC value of 1.5 10(-3) @entity202 /sec as a cut off it is possible to distinguish metastatic from benign liver lesions, including cysts, with an accuracy of 78%. But to distinguish metastatic from benign solid liver lesions the best ADC cut off value was 1.2 10(-3) @entity202 /sec and the accuracy drops to 71%. CONCLUSIONS: ADC values proved to be helpful in the distinction between @entity3 and benign solid @entity99 . But the exclusion of cysts in the analysis point out to a lower cut off value and lower accuracy than previously reported.

title: Is DWI/ADC a useful tool in the characterization of focal @entity99 suspected of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver cysts']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['focal nodular hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: An animal model was developed to study @entity432 produced by steel coils and gelatin sponge. A coil nest was formed in the ureter, and in all but one @entity1707 , gelatin sponge pledgets were incorporated in the coil nest. Animals were killed at 2 hours, 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months. High-grade obstruction was present immediately following the procedure in all animals and was documented to be persistent by means of antegrade nephrostograms obtained just prior to @entity204 . At gross examination after @entity204 , ureteral thickening and strictures were evident. Histologic studies helped confirm the presence of acute and chronic inflammatory changes. In the in vivo model, gelatin sponge was not found necessary for acute @entity432 . However, in an ancillary in vitro study in which a rigid plastic tube was used, gelatin sponge was necessary in addition to coil occlusion to provide acute total obstruction. The authors' findings suggest that in a compliant ureter, coil occlusion alone produces sufficient mechanical occlusion. Long-term obstruction is probably due to mechanical obstruction and @entity850 formation.

title: Percutaneous @entity432 with use of Gianturco coils and gelatin sponge. Part I. XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Swine']