abstract: @entity2206 (C8) produced a dose-dependent increase in Leydig cell adenomas in @entity1050 ( @entity1050 ) @entity35 fed 0, 30, or 300 ppm for 2 years. Administration of C8 to adult male @entity1050 @entity35 , by gavage for 14 days, produced decreased serum and testicular interstitial fluid @entity251 levels and increased serum @entity53 levels. The C8-mediated decrease in the serum @entity251 levels appeared to be due to a lesion at the level of the testis. These endocrine changes may play a role in the C8 induction of @entity8302 . In the present work, C8 was examined for its ability to (1) directly affect Leydig cells in vitro using isolated Leydig cells from untreated @entity35 and ex vivo using Leydig cells isolated from C8-treated @entity35 , (2) affect testicular interstitial fluid hormone levels, and (3) induce @entity18946 activity. These studies were conducted to investigate the hypothesis that C8 produces an increase in @entity53 by inducing @entity18946 , which converts @entity251 to @entity53 , and that the elevated @entity53 levels ultimately produce @entity1373 and @entity652 formation by acting as a mitogen or enhancing growth factor secretion. In the in vivo and ex vivo studies, adult male @entity1050 @entity35 were gavaged with either 0 or 25 mg/kg/day C8 for 14 days. In addition to the ad libitum control, a second control group was pair-fed to the 25 mg/kg/day C8 group. In the in vitro and ex vivo studies, Leydig cells were isolated from testes of adult males by collagenase digestion followed by enrichment over Percoll gradients. A dose-dependent decrease in @entity251 levels was observed in hCG-stimulated Leydig cells treated in vitro with C8 for 5 hr (IC50 approximately 200 microM). In contrast, ex vivo studies demonstrated an increase in @entity251 production in hCG-stimulated Leydig cells from C8-treated @entity35 when compared to Leydig cells isolated from either the ad libitum or pair-fed control @entity35 . The in vitro data demonstrate that C8 directly inhibits @entity251 release from Leydig cells, while the ex vivo data demonstrate that this inhibition is reversible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX on Leydig cell function: in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies.

entities_list: @entity2206 :: ('MESH:C023036', 'Chemical') :: ['Ammonium perfluorooctanoate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Leydig cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity8302 :: ('MESH:D007984', 'Disease') :: ['Leydig cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity18946 :: ('25147(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['aromatase', 'cytochrome P450 XIX (aromatase)']

answer: @entity2206 :: (MESH:C023036,Chemical) :: ['ammonium perfluorooctanoate']


abstract: @entity11532 ( @entity11532 ) is increasingly conceptualized as an addiction akin to @entity734 , rather than an @entity23 , however the mechanism of addiction remains unclear. Neuroimaging investigations have supported a " @entity942 " hypothesis for @entity11532 by suggesting a blunted response to gambling, particularly in the striatum. Here we describe electrophysiological evidence of a hypersensitive response to gambling feedback in problem gamblers. Previous research in healthy @entity1 has shown that feedback during gambling tasks triggers stereotypical neural responses including the Feedback-Related Mediofrontal Negativity (FRN), the feedback-related P300, and an increase in induced theta-band (4-8 Hz) power. We tested the theory that abnormal feedback processing characterizes brain activity in problem gamblers while gambling. EEG was recorded from non-gamblers and self-identified gamblers as they engaged in a computerized version of the Iowa Gambling Task. Feedback about valence (win vs. loss) triggered a FRN in both groups, but in gamblers this was preceded by an early-latency hypersensitive fronto-central difference to feedback. This early FRN was correlated with gambling severity and was localized to medial frontal cortex using distributed source imaging (CLARA). Gamblers also differed in responses to risk, showing a blunted P300 component and less EEG power in the theta band. Here we suggest that a more nuanced interpretation of @entity942 is called for with respect to @entity11532 . For certain aspects of brain function, gamblers may exhibit @entity56 to reward feedback more akin to drug sensitization than @entity942 . Our results also suggest that the neurologically normal brain employs dissociable systems in the processing of feedback from tasks involving risky decision making.

title: Problem gamblers exhibit reward XXXX in medial frontal cortex during gambling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulse control disorder']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['Problem gambling', 'PG']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['reward deficiency']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: Long-term tracheostomy-ventilated @entity1 have better speech with a @entity5274 and a large tidal volume. Moderate day time hyperventilation from a pressure-limited ventilator is necessary in these @entity1 to avoid @entity519 during sleep due to the variable insufflation leak. This study sought to confirm whether a dead space of 3 ml.kg-1 could help to provide normocapnic hyperventilation during waking time without causing @entity2944 and hypoxaemia during sleep. Transcutaneous blood gas studies were performed on 11 @entity1 with high @entity1688 undergoing pressure-limited pulmonary ventilation with room air. Recordings were made for 120 min each when awake and asleep, with and without dead space. The mean derived arterial PCO2 without the dead space was 2.95 kPa awake and 3.21 kPa asleep, whilst the corresponding tensions with dead space were 3.39 kPa and 3.79 kPa. These small increases associated with the dead space, both awake and asleep, were statistically significant. There was a statistically, though not clinically significant decrease in @entity26 tension when the @entity1 without dead space went to sleep. The fact that the @entity544 tension was higher during sleep when dead space was in situ indicates that, despite the insufflation leak in these @entity1 , there is significant rebreathing back through the dead space. Amelioration of @entity13147 during waking and sleeping is achievable using a dead space extension in these @entity1 .

title: Does dead space ventilation always alleviate @entity13147 ? Long-term ventilation with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['cuffless tracheostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity13147 :: ('MESH:D016857', 'Disease') :: ['hypocapnia']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['plain tracheostomy tubes']


abstract: @entity2182 is a dreadful syndrome that affects a considerable number of patients. Antimuscarinics are the mainstay of pharmacotherapy for this condition. Transdermal (TD) @entity11440 ( @entity16486 ) bypasses the first-pass metabolism and reduces the formation of @entity16487 , a compound believed to be associated with anticholinergic side effects. The 3.9 mg matrix TD system is applied twice weekly and transports OXY directly into the systemic circulation. The patch can be applied to abdomen, buttock, and hip, and provides continuous OXY delivery that minimizes peak and trough fluctuations in plasma levels. In clinical trials, TD and oral OXY produced a significant reduction in @entity322 episodes, with no difference between oral and TD treatments. In addition, TDOXY was similar to @entity2181 , and it produced a significant improvement in the number of @entity322 , complete continence, and urodynamic and quality of life parameters compared with placebo. The incidence of anticholinergic adverse events with TDOXY was similar to placebo. Most common adverse events were mild-moderate skin reactions. Treatment satisfaction survey suggested @entity1 ' preference to use the TD system in the future. Counseling on healthy skin care and appropriate product use can enhance @entity1 ' knowledge about TDOXY for @entity2182 treatment.

title: Transdermal XXXX in the treatment of @entity2182 .

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence', 'urinary incontinence episodes']

entities_list: @entity16487 :: ('MESH:C032681', 'Chemical') :: ['N-desethyloxybutynin']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['Overactive bladder', 'overactive bladder']

answer: @entity11440 :: (MESH:C005419,Chemical) :: ['oxybutynin']


abstract: Retail samples of 100 raw @entity1573 and 222 U.K. and imported soft cheeses were examined for the presence of Listeria species. 60% of raw @entity1573 (fresh and frozen) were contaminated with @entity5125 and 28% with other Listeria spp. including @entity16086 , @entity16985 and @entity16085 . Six serotypes of @entity5125 were represented (1/2, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4b, 4d) of which more than one were isolated from some samples. 10% of the soft cheeses examined were found to contain @entity5125 at levels from less than 10(2) cfu/g to 10(5) cfu/g. The incidences in cheeses from various countries were Italy (16%), France (14%), Cyprus (10%) and the U.K. (4%). Only 2 serotypes (1/2 and 4b) were isolated, some samples containing both. @entity16085 was the only other Listeria sp. found. There was no correlation between either the contamination with @entity526 or the processing of the original milk used to make the cheeses (raw or pasteurized) and the presence of @entity5125 or other Listeria spp. The contribution of contaminated food to the epidemiology of listeriosis in the U.K. is discussed.

title: The occurrence in the U.K. of Listeria species in raw XXXX and soft cheeses.

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['L. monocytogenes']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding, small RNAs, which play a critical role in regulating varieties of the biological and pathologic processes. Several reports have indicated that @entity5111 acts as a @entity5 suppressor in varieties of @entity5 . However, the roles of @entity5111 in @entity421 have not been reported. In this study, our objective was to explore the biological functions and its molecular mechanism of @entity5111 in @entity421 cell lines, finding a therapeutic target of @entity421 . Our data demonstrated that @entity5111 was evidently reduced in @entity421 cell lines, whereas @entity4009 expression was markedly increased. Up-regulation of @entity5111 suppressed proliferation, arrested cell cycle and induced apoptosis in @entity421 cells. Besides, invasion and EMT of @entity421 cells was also inhibited by introduction of @entity5111 . Next, we found that @entity4009 expression was significantly reduced by up-regulation of @entity5111 . Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the @entity4009 was a potential target gene of @entity5111 . Luciferase reporter assay further confirmed that @entity5111 could directly target the 3' UTR of @entity4009 . Overexpression of @entity4009 in @entity421 cells transfected with @entity5111 mimic partially reversed the effects of @entity5111 . In conclusion, @entity5111 inhibited cell growth and @entity3 in @entity421 cells by down-regulation of @entity4009 .

title: MicroRNA-370 directly targets @entity4009 to inhibit cell growth and @entity3 in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: Data from a case-control study of @entity0 in 441 cases and matched controls aged less than or equal to 38 in Los Angeles is fitted to two models of @entity105 : the two-stage model of Moolgavkar and Knudson; and a multistage adaptation of the log/log model proposed by @entity5725 et al. In the two-stage model, risk factors (here age at menarche, age at first pregnancy, abortion, regularity of cycling, @entity1558 , and use of oral contraceptives (OCs] are postulated to act either by increasing the rate of mutation of normal to intermediate or of intermediate to malignant stage cells, or by increasing the proliferation rates of such cells. In the multistage model, it is postulated that all transition rates are equally determined by the rate of cell turnover, which is in turn influenced by risk factors. In both models, positive family history is modelled in two ways: (1) all cells may have started in an intermediate stage at birth, with probability depending on the number and degree of affected family members; or (2) as an event rate modifier in the same way as other covariates. With only menarche or menarche and family history included, the multistage and two-stage models both produced likelihoods very similar to those from a simple logistic model, though both fit better than the logistic model as more covariates were added to the model. The two stage models offer greater flexibility in modelling the time at which each factor is most effective. We found irregular menstrual cycling to reduce the rate of proliferation of normal cells or their mutation rate to intermediate cells by 50% (p less than 0.025) and use of OCs to increase these rates by 3.25 fold (p less than 0.01). Having completed a pregnancy of more than 26 weeks gestation appeared to reduce the rate of intermediate cell proliferation by 5% (p less than 0.05) relative to a baseline rate of 14% per year. @entity1558 was associated with a 1.60 fold increased rate of the second mutation (p less than 0.025). In all models, family history was by far the strongest risk factor (RR = 4.44 from the logistic model, p less than 0.0001). Covariates showed similar effects in the multistage model, though their magnitudes were slightly different.

title: Fitting models of @entity105 to a case-control study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast disease', 'Benign breast disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) represents only 1% of all @entity5 of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) but it is the most common @entity361 ( @entity361 ) with majority arising from the stomach and small intestine. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity5 using immunophenotypic characteristics. METHODS: Materials were formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of @entity361 diagnosed in Lagos Nigeria between January 1995 and February 2007. Sections were stained with @entity2467 , @entity2280 , @entity11280 , @entity4483 and @entity2283 antibodies at the research Laboratory of The Leeds General Infirmary, United Kingdom following standard procedure. RESULTS: Thirty-two cases of @entity361 (aged 10 to 78 years with a mean age of 46 and M: F=1.3:1) were analyzed. @entity5 accounted for 13 (40.6%), smooth @entity5 7(22%), vascular three(9.3%), de-differentiated @entity1821 two (6.2%), and unclassified (3%) of the @entity361 cases. Immuno-staining was not done for six cases of @entity362 (18.7%). @entity5 @entity1 had a mean age of 45.4 years with a M: F of 1.6:1; 54% was located in the stomach. Histologically, spindle cell type predominated accounting for 46% followed by mixed (31%) and epithelioid types (23%). Only 30.7% the @entity5 were suspected before immuno-staining. CONCLUSION: @entity5 is the most common @entity361 in Lagos with a male preponderance. The most common site is the stomach. The immunophenotypic characteristics are comparable with @entity5 reported from other parts of the world.

title: Immunophenotyping of XXXX in Lagos, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'muscle tumours', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumour', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumours', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-intestinal mesenchymal tumour', 'GMT']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity361 :: (MESH:C535700,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumours']


abstract: PURPOSE: High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are an emerging biomarker for @entity302 tissue. Yet the mechanism by which HFOs are produced is unknown, and their rarity makes them difficult to study. Our objective was to examine the occurrence of HFOs in relation to @entity2045 ( @entity2045 ) and the effect of microstimulation in the @entity116 toxin (TT) model of @entity302 , a nonlesional model with a short latency to spontaneous @entity410 . METHODS: @entity35 were injected with TT into dorsal hippocampus and implanted with a 16-channel (8   2) multielectrode array, one row each in @entity1251 and @entity1249 . After onset of spontaneous @entity410 (3-9 days), recordings were begun of @entity2045 and local field potentials, analyzed for the occurrence of interictal spikes and HFOs. Recordings were made during microstimulation of each electrode using customized, open-source software. RESULTS: Population bursts of @entity2045 during interictal spikes were phase-locked with HFOs, which were observable almost exclusively with high-amplitude interictal spikes. Furthermore, HFOs could reliably be produced by microstimulation of the hippocampus, providing evidence that these oscillations can be controlled temporally by external means. DISCUSSION: We show for the first time the occurrence of HFOs in the @entity302 model, an attractive preparation for their experimental investigation and, importantly, one with a different etiology than that of status models, providing further evidence of the generality of HFOs. The ability to provoke HFOs with microstimulation may prove useful for better understanding of HFOs by directly evoking them in the lab, and designing high-throughput techniques for presurgical localization of the @entity302 focus.

title: Spontaneous and evoked high-frequency oscillations in the @entity116 toxin model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['APs', 'action potentials']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'TT epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The plant extract mixture (XT) used in the present experiment, containing @entity7654 , @entity7655 , and capsicum oleoresin, has previously been shown to decrease @entity294 mortality and to modify the intestinal environment of @entity1707 after weaning. However, results obtained among experiments have not been consistent. We hypothesized that dietary protein could be a main factor determining the effect of plant extracts on intestinal environment. Thus, in the present study we assessed the effects of XT in piglet diets with different protein sources and amounts. @entity1707 weaned at 20 +/- 1 d of age (n = 240) were allocated to 1 of 6 treatments, which followed a factorial arrangement, with 2 amounts (as-fed basis) of the XT (0 and 200 mg/kg) and 3 diets with various amounts of @entity2723 and protein sources. Diet FM18 contained 10% of low-temperature fish meal (LT-FM) and a @entity2723 level of 18%; diet SBM18 contained 5% of LT-FM plus 9% of full fat extruded soy and a @entity2723 level of 18%; and SBM20 diet contained 10% of LT-FM plus 6.3% of full fat extruded soy and a @entity2723 level of 20%. Growth performance of the animals was recorded for 14 d, but no differences were detected among treatments. Eight @entity1707 per treatment were killed to examine variables describing aspects of gastrointestinal ecology. For diets containing 18% @entity2723 , FM18 and SBM18, XT tended to decrease ileal digestibility of OM (P = 0.064 and 0.071, respectively) and decreased starch digestibility (P = 0.032 and 0.014, respectively). It also reduced villi length (P = 0.003 and 0.013, respectively) and tended to decrease intraepithelial lymphocyte number (P = 0.051 and 0.100, respectively) in the proximal jejunum. The XT inclusion also increased ileal lactobacilli:enterobacteria (P = 0.017) ratio and decreased VFA production in the cecum (P = 0.045) for all diets. A decreased @entity2723 level appeared to favor the effects of the studied plant extracts in a positive or negative way depending on the variable measured. The microbial differences produced by XT could be the reason for improved digestive health observed by the authors in stronger challenging conditions (e.g., dirtier environments or long fasting periods after weaning).

title: Dietary protein modifies effect of plant extracts in the intestinal ecosystem of the XXXX at weaning.

entities_list: @entity7655 :: ('MESH:C012843', 'Chemical') :: ['cinnamaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity7654 :: ('MESH:C073316', 'Chemical') :: ['carvacrol']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify @entity1 in whom the clinical diagnosis of @entity4436 can be made with a high certainty, distinguishing them from @entity1 requiring imaging. METHODS: We prospectively recorded clinical features in @entity1 with @entity490 presenting at the emergency department, before they underwent imaging. We identified features significantly associated with a final diagnosis of @entity697 using multivariate logistic regression analysis and developed a decision rule based on these features. We evaluated the performance of the rule in identifying @entity1 with a high probability of having @entity4436 . RESULTS: In total, 112 of the 1021 @entity1 (11%) had a final diagnosis of @entity4436 . Of the 126 @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity4436 , 80 had a final diagnosis of @entity4436 . In 32 @entity1 with @entity4436 as their final diagnosis, another clinical diagnosis was made. A decision rule was based on the 3 strongest clinical features: direct tenderness only in the left lower quadrant, the @entity391 , and a @entity1851 >50 mg/L. Of the 126 clinically suspected @entity1 , 30 @entity1 had all 3 features (24%), of whom 29 had a final diagnosis of @entity697 (97%; 95% CI: 83%-99%). Of the 96 @entity1 without all 3 features, 45 (47%) did not have @entity4436 . CONCLUSION: In a quarter of @entity1 with suspected @entity4436 , the diagnosis can be made clinically based on a combination of direct tenderness only in the left lower quadrant, the @entity391 , and an elevated @entity1851 . In @entity1 without these features, imaging is required to reach adequate diagnostic accuracy.

title: A clinical decision rule to establish the diagnosis of XXXX at the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['absence of vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['acute abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute diverticulitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to determine whether it is possible to identify a reliable @entity543 threshold--measured in millimeters (mm)--that is associated with cerebrovascular symptoms. METHODS: Written, informed consent was obtained for each @entity1 ; 149 consecutive @entity1 (98 @entity1 ; median age, 68 years) were studied for suspected pathology of the carotid arteries by using MDCTA. In each @entity1 , @entity543 was quantified using the mm-method. Continuous data were described as the mean value    standard deviation (SD), and they were compared by using the Student's t test. A ROC curve was calculated to test the study hypothesis and identify a specific mm- @entity850 threshold. Logistic regression analysis was performed to include other MDCTA findings, such as plaque type and @entity1066 . A P value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 were excluded. Of those remaining, 75 @entity1 @entity1504 (61%). There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0046) in the mm- @entity543 between @entity1 with symptoms (1.31    0.64 mm SD) and without symptoms (1.68    0.79 mm SD). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that symptoms were associated with @entity850 (P = 0.013) and with the presence of fatty plaques (P = 0.0491). Moreover, the ROC curve (Az = 0.669;   0.051 SD; P = 0.0009) indicated that a threshold of 1.6 mm @entity850 was associated with a sensitivity to symptoms of 76%. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest an association between luminal @entity850 (measure in mm) and the presence of cerebrovascular symptoms. Luminal @entity850 of 1.6 mm is associated, with a sensitivity of 76%, with cerebrovascular symptoms.

title: XXXX at MSCT: is there a threshold in millimeters that determines clinical significance?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['suffered cerebrovascular symptoms']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['increased luminal stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['Carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on randomized clinical trials, consensus has been emerging that the first line of treatment for individuals with @entity914 should be the newer atypical or second generation antipsychotic medications rather than the older neuroleptics. Given that acquisition costs of atypical antipsychotics are generally higher than typical antipsychotics, uncertainty exists whether the newer atypicals are cost effective alternatives when used in ordinary practice settings. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The introduction of newer atypical antipsychotic agents has prompted evaluation of their overall effectiveness in reducing health care costs given their higher acquisition costs. This paper focuses on the effects of differing classes of atypical versus typical antipsychotic medications on @entity146 service utilization and cost for @entity1 with serious @entity1032 treated in usual practice settings. METHODS: Descriptive statistics are used to compare @entity1 characteristics, service rates and costs across psychotropic medication groups. Prediction equations employing ordinary least squares regression models are used to explain variation in cost due to pharmacy group membership controlling for demographics, clinical diagnoses and symptoms. Subjects were 338 Medicaid clients with serious @entity1032 from Florida, Pennsylvania and Oregon treated in ordinary clinical settings. Resource utilization and costs were operationalized using administrative databases to measure consumption of treatment services and pharmaceuticals for a six month period. RESULTS: Inpatient service use was significantly higher for individuals on atypical only and combination atypical/typical medications compared to those on typical medications only, whereas outpatient use was highest for those on typicals. Furthermore, six-month costs for both pharmacy and @entity146 services were significantly greater for @entity1 in the atypical only (USD 6528) and combination typical/atypical groups (USD 6589) compared to those on typicals only (USD 3463). There were still significantly higher costs associated with atypical only and the combination typical/atypical users after multivariate controls were used. DISCUSSION: This study showed that Medicaid clients in community settings using atypical only and typical/atypical combination medications had the highest costs both in pharmacy and service use when compared to those on typical only medications. However, this study design does not allow us to ascribe a causal relationship between medication group and service costs. Given that @entity1037 was the most recent medication in the compendium of available drugs at the time of this study, it is possible that those in the @entity1037 only group were failing on other drugs. Caution must be used in drawing policy implications regarding cost effectiveness of newer medications since individuals who are getting the newer atypical or combination medications in community mental health center settings may be unstable on the older medications. IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH: A longer follow-up period is needed to determine if the cohort remaining on current atypical medications stabilize over time while those taking the newest drug on the market become the most costly population.

title: Effects of antipsychotic medication on XXXX service utilization and cost.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: Antiresorptive agents have been used as primary or first-line therapy in managing @entity1 with @entity170 . Bisphosphonates in particular are used widely to reduce bone resorption, increase bone mineral density, improve bone quality and therefore reduce @entity174 risk. However, prolonged use of @entity171 may cause over-suppression of bone resorption, leading on to accumulation of micro-damage in bone. This in turn might lead on to @entity3330 . A @entity1 treated with @entity561 for 8 years, and presenting with bilateral atypical femoral @entity174 is reported. X-rays of both femurs showed typical horizontal @entity174 line involving the thick lateral cortex with @entity174 pattern over the medial cortex. This @entity174 pattern was further confirmed with intra-operative examination of the @entity174 ends. Histopathological examination of the endocortical fragment removed from the proximal @entity174 end showed @entity2048 . Bone mineral density with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan showed @entity2331 over the femoral neck. Blood investigations did not show significant abnormalities. Bone turnover marker levels were not reliable, as presence of @entity174 might have altered the marker levels. Both @entity3330 united well. The @entity1 reported here had complete pictures on X-ray examination, intra-operative findings, histopathological examination, DXA, as well as blood test results. Complete data should be collected from @entity1 treated with @entity561 presenting with @entity3330 to show any link between the use of @entity561 with atypical @entity174 .

title: XXXX in a @entity1 treated with @entity561 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['short oblique fracture', 'fracture of femur', 'diaphyseal fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate sodium']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence of osteoclasts and osteoblasts']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['atypical femoral fractures', 'femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['Bilateral atypical femoral diaphyseal fractures']


abstract: Sixty-two @entity1 with @entity0 were admitted to a pilot study in which a modified CMF regimen was administered. @entity786 was administered i.v. at a dosage of 600 mg/m2 on the same day as @entity1487 (600 mg/m2/i.v.) and @entity1499 (40 mg/m2/i.v.). The therapy was recycled on the 21st day and in the presence of myelosuppression, the administration of the drugs was delayed for 1-2 weeks recovery of the hematologic values. CR + PR were obtained in 42% of @entity1 and no change in 32% (U.I.C.C. criteria). @entity3 to soft tissues showed CR + PR in 55% of the cases, bone in 33% and viscera in 35%. The menopausal status, the disease-free interval and the number of involved sites did not influence statistically the percentage of responses; however, the response rate was influenced statistically by previous treatment. The median duration of response was 7.5 months; the median overall survival of the 60 evaluable @entity1 was 18 months. Due to myelosuppression, CMF i.v. administration was delayed 90/620 times (14%). @entity137 was acceptable and had a lower incidence than that reported in the literature in different series of CMF administered p.o. @entity390 and @entity391 , in particular, were limited to 24-48 h after administration of the drugs, and @entity1665 was seldom observed.

title: Intravenous administration of XXXX , @entity1499 and @entity1487 in metastatic @entity0 . A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are currently no data on the comparison of relationship of admission pulse pressure (PP) level with short-term clinical outcome between @entity1 with @entity1779 and @entity510 in the Chinese population. We studied the association between admission PP and in-hospital @entity204 or dependency in @entity1 with @entity1779 and @entity510 in Inner Mongolia, China. METHODS: A total of 1604 @entity1779 and 156 @entity510 @entity1 were included in the present study. Blood pressure and other study variables were collected within the first 24-hours of admission. Study outcome ( @entity204 or dependency) was evaluated by trained neurologists during hospitalization. The associations between admission PP and study outcome were analyzed by using multiple logistic models. RESULTS: PP at admission was not significantly associated with study outcome in acute @entity510 (P>0.05). On the other hand, PP was significantly and positively associated with odds of study outcome in @entity1779 . Compared to those with PP<50 mmHg, multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of study outcome was 1.545 (1.111, 2.148) among @entity1779 @entity1 with PP>= 70 mmHg (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Increased PP was significantly and positively associated with poor short-term clinical outcome among @entity1 with @entity1779 , but not acute @entity510 , in Inner Mongolia, China.

title: Admission pulse pressure and short-term clinical outcome in @entity1 with intracerebral and XXXX in Inner Mongolia, China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage', 'acute intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: We report here the preliminary results of a large phase II multicenter study done in the community setting, using @entity1311 (Taxol) (given by 1-hour infusion) plus @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) to treat @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). In this study, 155 chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with stage IIIB, stage IV, or recurrent metastatic @entity1149 received the two drugs in 21-day cycles. @entity1311 225 mg/m2 was given by 1-hour intravenous infusion followed immediately by @entity3003 at a targeted area under the concentration-time curve of 6.0 (calculated according to the Calvert formula). Colony-stimulating factors were not used routinely. Objective responses occurred in 53 of 155 @entity1 (34%) (53 of 144 [36%] evaluable @entity1 ) including three complete responses and 50 partial responses. Fifty-two other @entity1 had stable disease at initial reevaluation. The median survival among all 155 @entity1 was 8 months; the 1-year survival rate was 42%, and the 2-year survival rate was 20%. @entity1431 and cumulative @entity1897 occurred consistently but rarely were severe or affected the course of therapy. One @entity1 died due to @entity295 . Other grade 3 and grade 4 @entity137 were uncommon. This @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination chemotherapy appears to be a relatively convenient, safe, and active regimen in advanced @entity1149 .

title: One-hour XXXX plus @entity3003 for advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin', 'Paraplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukopenia']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the frequency of body mass index (BMI) measurement before the implementation of two new Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) performance measures for @entity28 that require U.S. health plans to annually report the frequency of BMI and BMI percentile measurement among all adults and @entity1 who had at least one outpatient visit during the past two years. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A consortium of ten U.S. health plans and care delivery systems from the Health Maintenance Organization Research Network, which together provide care to more than 6.5 million adults and @entity1 . @entity1 : @entity1 and adults, age 2 years and older, who were continuously enrolled in one of ten U.S. health plans for at least one full year from 2005 to 2006. METHODS: We extracted available anthropometric data for 3.7 million adults and 1.2 million @entity1 with at least one visit captured from ten electronic medical record databases from 2005 to 2006. RESULTS: We found that the availability of BMI measurements for adults ranged widely across health plans from 28% to 88%, and availability of BMI percentiles for @entity1 ranged from 21% to 81%. Among adults and @entity1 with BMI measures in these ten health plans, the overall prevalence of overweight and @entity28 were very similar to those reported in the 2005 to 2006 U.S. national surveys that used measured heights and weights. CONCLUSION: The newly approved HEDIS performance measures likely represent an important step in addressing the quality of @entity28 care in the United States. The current study demonstrates that these HEDIS measures are achievable, especially among health plans that have implemented electronic medical records. Future research should assess the relationship between BMI assessment, provider counseling and treatment practices, and long-term changes in @entity28 rates among different population groups.

title: Body mass index measurement and XXXX prevalence in ten U.S. health plans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: To determine the changes in source of antimalarial treatment and perceptions about @entity311 after the initiation of a community-based @entity311 control programme in Saradidi, Kenya, two identical surveys were carried out; one in March 1982 (before the programme began in May 1982) and the other in December 1984. Three areas were involved: areas A and B had antimalarial treatment provided by village health helpers (VHH's) and area C had VHH's who did not provide treatment. Two groups of randomly selected @entity1 age 15 to 59 years were interviewed: 45 in survey 1 and 92 in survey 2. A decided change in the source of @entity311 treatment was observed. In the first survey, 52.9% of the respondents from areas A and B combined purchased antimalarial medicine from shops; other sources were government health facilities, mission clinics, and the Saradidi community clinic. By the second survey, 85.2% of the respondents in areas A and B obtained treatment from the VHH's; no significant change occurred in area C. In both surveys the leading reasons given for @entity1 purchasing drugs from shops was that the distance to health facilities was great, that no transport was available and that shops were open when @entity341 occurred. The shopkeeper frequently advised which drug to take and the dosage as well as selling the drugs. For family illnesses of unknown aetiology most @entity1 (82.2% in survey 1 and 97.8%, in survey 2) went to a hospital or clinic. These results demonstrate that the @entity311 control programme in Saradidi has influenced both the source of antimalarials and the attitudes @entity1 have about @entity311 . In Saradidi, Kenya @entity1 chose to obtain antimalarial treatment and advice from community health workers.

title: Changes in sources of treatment occurring after inception of a community-based XXXX control programme in Saradidi, Kenya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'women']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival in stage-I non-small-cell @entity153 . METHODS: During 9 years, 338 consecutive @entity1 were operated on for stage-I @entity153 . @entity1 with @entity4153 (n = 14), prior @entity5 in locations other than pulmonary (n = 41), and @entity1 with incomplete data on prognostic factors (n = 11) were excluded. Of the remaining 272 @entity1 226 were @entity1 . Mean age was 63 years (40 to 81 years). The resections performed comprised 215 lobectomies and bilobectomies, 36 segmentectomies and wedge resections, and 21 pneumonectomies. According to the number of sites of dissected lymph nodes 3 subgroups were formed: group A with 0 to 4 (n = 71), B with 5 to 6 (n = 118), and C with 7 to 10 sites (n = 83). Median follow-up was 46 months. RESULTS: Three @entity1 (1.1 %) died within 30 days of operation. In 3 @entity1 the resection was revealed to be not radical (R1). At the end of follow-up, 191 @entity1 were alive, 174 of these without recurrence. Eighty-one @entity1 had died, 53 associated with @entity5 recurrence. Four @entity1 had died of non-pulmonary @entity5 . Twenty-two @entity1 died of causes not related to @entity5 disease. In 2 @entity1 the cause of @entity204 could not be determined retrospectively. Overall 5-year survival was 65% (95% confidence interval [CI] 58-72%), recurrence-free survival 59% (CI 51-66%). Significant prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival were T stage (relative risk [RR] 1.7 for T2 vs. T1, CI 1.0-3.0), age (RR 1.9 for >70 years vs. < or =70 years, CI 1.1-3.1), adeno cell type (RR 2.3 vs. squamous cell, CI 1.4-4.0), as well as lymphangiosis carcinomatosa (RR 2.3, CI 1.2-4.4). Extent of operative resection, extent of lymphadenectomy, and sex did not influence survival. CONCLUSION: 5-year survival of our @entity1 was in the range reported in literature. Most @entity1 died of distant metastases. Our retrospective study probably underestimated the occurrence of second @entity5 of the lung. Limited resection in poor-risk @entity1 showed equivalent results to lobectomy. The extent of lymph-node resections had no influence on survival of stage-I @entity1 , however, it must be remembered that positive results in lymph nodes shift @entity1 to higher stages.

title: Results after surgery in stage-I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary cancers', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']


abstract: @entity344 remain one of the main constraints on health and productivity in @entity742 dairy production. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2004-2005 on ovine farms in the Campania region of southern Italy in order to evaluate the prevalence of @entity5167 , @entity8072 , Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Calicophoron daubneyi from among other @entity281 . In the present work, we focused on the role of the ecological characteristics of the pasture environment while accounting for the underlying long range geographical risk pattern. Bayesian multivariate spatial statistical analysis was used. A systematic grid (10 km 10 km) sampling approach was used. Laboratory procedures were based on the FLOTAC technique to detect and count eggs of helminths. A Geographical Information System (GIS) was constructed by using environmental data layers. Data on each of these layers were then extracted for pasturing areas that were previously digitalized aerial images of the ovine farms. Bayesian multivariate statistical analyses, including improper multivariate conditional autoregressive models, were used to select covariates on a multivariate spatially structured risk surface. Out of the 121 tested farms, 109 were positive for @entity5167 , 81 for D. dendriticum, 17 for C. daubneyi and 15 for @entity8072 . The statistical analysis highlighted a north-south long range spatially structured pattern. This geographical pattern is treated here as a confounder, because the main interest was in the causal role of ecological covariates at the level of each pasturing area. A high percentage of pasture and impermeable soil were strong predictors of @entity8072 risk and a high percentage of wood was a strong predictor of C. daubneyi. A high percentage of wood, rocks and arable soil with sparse trees explained the spatial distribution of D. dendriticum. Sparse vegetation, river, mixed soil and permeable soil explained the spatial distribution of the @entity5167 . Bayesian multivariate spatial analysis of @entity281 with covariates from remote sensing at a very small geographical level allowed us to identify relevant risk predictors. All the covariates selected are consistent with the life cycles of the helminths investigated. This research showed the utility of appropriate GIS-driven surveillance systems. Moreover, spatial features can be used to tailor sampling design where the sampling fraction can be a function of remote sensing covariables.

title: Covariate selection in multivariate spatial analysis of ovine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal (GI) strongyle and fluke infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infections']

entities_list: @entity8072 :: ('6192', 'Species') :: ['Fasciola hepatica', 'F. hepatica']

entities_list: @entity5167 :: ('6289', 'Species') :: ['H. contortus', 'Haemonchus contortus']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['parasitic infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infertility is associated with impairment in @entity1 life. The quality of life (QOL) construct allows measuring the impact of health conditions in a broader way. The study aimed to explore the impact of the @entity458 on QOL's dimensions in @entity1 experiencing @entity249 . METHODS: 162 @entity1 were completed a socio-demographic form, SF-36, WHOQOL-BREF, Beck @entity308 Inventory. Hierarchical regressions included demographic and clinic variables, and subsequently @entity308 and @entity148 were added. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Model 1 was not accurate in predicting QOL. R2 values ranged from 0.029 (Social Functioning) to 0.149 (Mental Health). Eight domains were not associated with any of the predictors. In the second model, a R2increase was observed in all domains. R2 of QOL scores ranged from .209 (Role Physical) to .406 (Social Functioning). The intensity of the @entity308 was a significant predictor for all outcomes. The load of @entity308 was higher than the ones of the socio-demographic and clinical variables. Anxiety levels have also presented the same effect, but with less intensity. CONCLUSION: Subthreshold @entity308 and @entity148 were major predictors of QOL in @entity1 experiencing @entity249 . Health professionals need to include assessment of psychological symptomatology to plan more efficient interventions to @entity249 @entity1 .

title: Psychological distress as predictor of quality of life in XXXX experiencing @entity249 : a cross-sectional survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hyperlipasemia is frequently encountered in @entity1 in the @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ). The degree to which it should be valued in making the diagnosis of @entity656 ( @entity656 ) in @entity3124 @entity1 remains uncertain. We sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of hyperlipasemia and the optimal lipase cutoff for diagnosing @entity656 in @entity3124 @entity1 . METHODS: Four hundred and seventeen @entity1213 @entity1 with hyperlipasemia, defined as lipase greater than three times the upper limit of normal from 2009 to 2012 were retrospectively identified. A diagnosis of @entity656 was confirmed by the additional presence of either characteristic @entity490 or cross-sectional imaging. RESULTS: The overall positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of hyperlipasemia was 38.1%. Median initial lipase levels were 1164 IU/L in @entity1 with @entity656 and 284.5 IU/L in @entity1 without @entity656 (p  <  0.001). The optimal diagnostic lipase cutoff of 532 IU/L correlated with a sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and @entity2286 of 77.4%, 78.0%, 84.9%, and 67.0% respectively. The most common primary diagnoses in non- @entity656 @entity1 with elevated lipase included shock, @entity1167 and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should maintain caution when interpreting hyperlipasemia in the @entity3124 due its relatively low @entity2286 . However, a greater lipase cutoff improves its diagnostic value in @entity656 and helps to reduce unnecessary imaging in these @entity1 .

title: Defining the diagnostic value of hyperlipasemia for @entity656 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To survey on @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 (MSM) population's @entity146 , @entity645 related knowledge and other issues among MSM population at @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) clinics to understand the characteristics of behaviors and offer suggestions for effective health education and behavior intervention. METHODS: From January to December, 2009, we used anonymous questionnaires which involved in their mastery of demographic characteristics, @entity146 , @entity645 related knowledge, and so one, to investigate 200 MSM at 3 @entity2953 clinics of comprehensive hospital. RESULTS: The average age of informant was (26.7+/- 8.9) years and 121 individuals (62.6%) had confirmed with @entity2953 in recent one year. In the recent 6 months, the average number of homosexual partners was 9.2+/- 4.8 and 102 (52.8%) had heterosexual partners. In the sexual intercourse with homosexual, 123 individuals had anal intercourse (63.7 %) and 117 had oral intercourse (60.6%). In the sexual intercourse with heterosexual, 92 (90.2%) individuals had vaginal intercourse, 37 (36.2%) had anal intercourse, and 59 (57.8%) had oral sex behavior.There were a statistical difference between heterosexual and homosexual sex behaviors (P<0.01). The condom-using frequency had statistic difference in different @entity146 (    =188.396, P<0.001). There was no linear correlation between @entity645 related knowledge and condom-using condition in @entity146 except the heterosexual anal intercourse. CONCLUSION: High @entity791 knowledge mastery rate is found in our survey. The respondents get @entity645 / @entity791 knowledge through various ways actively. There is no obvious relation between the mastery of @entity645 related knowledge and condom-using frequency. The ratio of non-protected @entity146 is high in heterosexuals. How to adopt effective methods for behavior intervention to MSM at @entity2953 clinic needs to be further studied.

title: [A survey on @entity791 knowledge rate and XXXX among @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 population at @entity2953 clinic].

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted disease', 'STD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviors', 'sexual behavior, condom-service condition', 'sexual behaviors, condom-service condition']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sexual behavior']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e19591 Background: Randomized controlled trials have confirmed @entity3575 pectin nasal spray (FPNS) provides rapid analgesic onset and consistent efficacy that are highly acceptable to @entity1 for the treatment of @entity158 in @entity5 (BTPc). This is an analysis of the relationship between around-the-clock (ATC) background opioid dose and the effective titrated dose of FPNS, in addition to FPNS dose consistency, in a long-term trial. METHODS: @entity1 who experienced 1-4 BTPc episodes/day while taking >= 60 mg/day oral @entity1286 (or equivalent) for @entity5 -related @entity158 entered the 16-week, open-label trial directly or after participation in a previous study. During the titration phase, an effective dose (FPNS 100-800  g) was identified as the dose that treated two consecutive episodes of BTPc without unacceptable adverse events. RESULTS: The intent-to-treat population (N = 403) experienced an average of 2.81 BTPc episodes/day (range, 1-10 episodes/day), which were predominantly moderate to severe in intensity (88 [21.8%] and 312 [77.4%], respectively). @entity1286 and @entity3575 were the most commonly used ATC medications, with one-third of @entity1 receiving each, respectively. Given the available FPNS doses, the initial titration phase required a minimal number of titration steps (mean, 2.7), and more than 90% of @entity1 required no increase in their initial titrated dose of FPNS at 16 weeks. The effective titrated dose of FPNS did not correlate with the calculated daily @entity1286 equivalent dose. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the oral @entity1286 -only ATC dose and the effective FPNS dose. CONCLUSIONS: FPNS is a convenient and consistently effective option for the management of BTPc. No correlation was demonstrated between a @entity1 's ATC opioid dose and the effective titrated dose of FPNS in this analysis, thus highlighting the importance of an initial titration. However, titration can be achieved in a minimal number of steps, often without the need to further increase the dose during long-term treatment.

title: Relationship of effective titrated dose of @entity3575 pectin nasal spray to background opioid dose in @entity158 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine sulfate', 'morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of 2 postoperative analgesic regimens on heart rate variability in @entity1 who underwent thoracotomy. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized trial. SETTING: A single-institutional study in a university hospital. @entity1 : Fifty @entity1 who underwent thoracotomy under combined general anesthesia and @entity1337 divided by a number generator into 2 equal groups (A and B). INTERVENTIONS: In group A, @entity86 consisted of @entity1337 with @entity1343 for 6 postoperative days. In group B, on the 3rd postoperative day this regimen was changed to @entity1 -controlled intravenous @entity1286 . Heart rate variability recordings were performed on the day before surgery, after the epidural, after operation, and on every postoperative day. Statistical analysis used chi-square and Student t tests (Bonferroni correction). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In both groups, the low-frequency component of the analyzed recordings declined after epidural and after surgery. In group A, the low-frequency component was significantly lower compared with baseline from the 2nd postoperative day onward, whereas in group B it was significantly higher compared with A on the 4th and 6th postoperative days. In both groups, the changes in high frequency were statistically insignificant. Intergroup comparisons of the low-/high-frequency ratio showed statistical difference on the last day of observation. There was no difference between the groups in hemodynamic variables and visual analog scale/10 scores. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperatively decreased cardiac sympathetic outflow continues with epidural analgesia, whereas it is abolished by the change to intravenous @entity1 -controlled @entity1286 .

title: Thoracic epidural analgesia with XXXX for 6 postoperative days attenuates sympathetic activation after thoracic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic epidural analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['levobupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) have been extensively studied in healthy controls and @entity1 with @entity66 and @entity195 . Our aim was to characterize the clinical and radiological features of @entity1779 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included consecutive @entity191 @entity1 who attended the authors' @entity717 clinic from March 2010 to February 2012 and underwent a standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol with gradient recalled echo taken with a 3 T MRI machine. RESULTS: Amongst @entity4652 , @entity1779 were most common in @entity304 ( @entity304 ) (56%) and least common in @entity191 (17.7%). In @entity191 , @entity1779 were significantly associated with @entity62 and concurrent @entity1188 . The presence of @entity1779 had no effect on various cognitive domains in @entity191 . @entity191 with @entity1779 was discriminated from @entity304 by clinical and neuroimaging findings: frequencies of motor subtypes were similar between @entity191 with and without @entity1779 , whereas all @entity304 @entity1 were the postural-instability gait difficulty type. In 90.9% of the @entity191 cases with @entity1779 , the numbers of @entity1779 were three or less, whereas the numbers of @entity1779 exceeded three in 50% of the cases of @entity304 and exceeded 10 in 31.3% of the cases (P < 0.001). The topography of the @entity1779 in @entity191 was also different from that in @entity304 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1779 are not rare in @entity191 , and @entity191 with @entity1779 does not appear to be a form of @entity304 . Further studies in larger populations are needed to elucidate the clinical implications of @entity1779 in terms of prognoses and cognitive changes in @entity191 .

title: Characterization of cerebral microbleeds in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['vascular parkinsonism', 'VP']

entities_list: @entity4652 :: ('MESH:D020734', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", 'IPD', 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarctions']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral microbleeds', 'CMBs']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['idiopathic Parkinson's disease']


abstract: 1. In ten young @entity1 the ventilatory, cardiovascular, @entity2922 and metabolic responses to maximal dynamic leg exercise on a stationary bicycle were followed during partial @entity4094 with @entity2899 . Maximal exercise was performed when the drug effect was at its maximum as well as during the subsequent reduction in the effect allowing a gradually increasing work intensity. The results were compared with those obtained during submaximal and maximal exercise performed without @entity2899 . Partial @entity4094 decreased hand-grip strength to 41 +/- 1.1% (S.E. of mean) and the maximal work load to 27 +/- 2.4% of control values. Voluntary effort was maximal and the rate of perceived exertion was high at all levels of exercise with @entity2899 indicating a maintained intense central nervous motor command. 2. During maximal action of the drug @entity26 uptake was 1.67 +/- 0.11 l/min while only 0.91 +/- 0.13 l/min (P less than 0.01) at the same work intensity without @entity4094 . This difference may reflect a dominant reliance on fast-twitch muscle fibres when work was performed under the influence of @entity2899 . 3. Compared at a given @entity26 uptake ventilation was higher during work with @entity2899 than during control exercise (e.g. 55 +/- 4.2 and 40 +/- 2.2 l/min, respectively (P less than 0.01), at a mean @entity26 uptake of 1.9 l/min), while heart rate did not differ significantly (146 +/- 4.4 and 139 +/- 3.0 beats/min). With decreasing drug effect both variables increased towards the maximum values of 138 +/- 4.5 l/min and 183 +/- 3.9 beats/min, respectively, achieved in control experiments at an @entity26 uptake of 3.8 +/- 0.2 l/min. Like heart rate the mean arterial blood pressure increased with increasing work load and was similar at a given @entity26 uptake with and without @entity2899 . 4. During maximal exercise at peak @entity2899 effect plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 concentrations were smaller than during control maximum, 1.6 +/- 0.27 versus 3.4 +/- 0.55 nmol/l (P less than 0.01) and 7.5 +/- 1.3 versus 12.6 +/- 1.8 nmol/l (P less than 0.05), respectively. However, comparisons at identical @entity26 uptake rates revealed that @entity2922 responses were markedly enhanced during @entity2899 treatment. Also, blood @entity880 concentrations were smaller at peak @entity2899 action than during control maximum, 1.9 +/- 0.42 mmol/l and 6.1 +/- 0.49 mmol/l (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Cardiovascular, ventilatory and @entity2922 responses to maximal dynamic exercise in partially curarized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['tubocurarine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: 237 female @entity1 aged 31-76 years with documented first @entity583 were examined on an average of 3 month after the acute event. Risk factors of @entity301 , sociobiological and psychosocial variables were assessed via standardized questionnaire. Risk factors were correlated with social characteristics, somatic and psychosocial variables. RESULTS: 1. @entity5522 is correlated with risk factors of nutrition (hypercholesterinemia resp. @entity2298 , @entity28 ). 2. The analysis of smoking habits reveals a positive correlation with social characteristics (e.g. professional status) and also with the amount of experienced stress. 3. The use of oral contraceptives corresponded with young age of fertile @entity1 and also with professional status. Furthermore a correlation with a positive working attitude and smoking behavior was found.

title: [Coronary risk factors and their relation to psychosocial factors in females with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, there is a lack of clear guidelines regarding evaluation and management of @entity1557 . The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of @entity1557 and to evaluate the most common diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. METHODS: A systematic literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted in February 2014 to identify articles related to @entity1557 . Pooled outcomes are reported. RESULTS: Fifty-two articles (153 @entity1 ) met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 16.7 years old, with a mean lesion size of 11.2 cm. Most @entity1 (86%) presented with a single breast mass. Imaging modalities included ultrasound in 72.5% and mammography in 26.1% of cases. Tissue diagnosis was obtained using a core needle biopsy in 18.3% of cases, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in 25.5%, and excisional biopsy in 11.1% of @entity1 . Surgical treatment was implemented in 98.7% of @entity1 (mean time to treatment of 9.5 months, range, 3 days to 7 years). Surgical intervention included excision in all cases, of which four were mastectomies. Breast reconstruction was completed in 17.6% of cases. There were no postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis and treatment of giant juvenile @entity1557 is heterogeneous. There is a paucity of data to support observation and non-operative treatment. The most common diagnostic modalities include core needle or excisional biopsy. The mainstay of treatment is complete excision with an emphasis on preserving the developing breast parenchyma and nipple areolar complex. Breast reconstruction is uncommon, but may be necessary in certain cases.

title: XXXX : a systematic review with diagnostic and treatment recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['giant juvenile fibroadenomas', 'fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity1557 :: (MESH:D018226,Disease) :: ['Giant juvenile fibroadenoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the complication rates of the single flap and double flaps versus flapless procedure in the tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy-two @entity1 with any type of @entity2650 underwent surgical repair by tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty between April 2002 and July 2009 in the two pediatric surgical units. Group 1 (17 @entity1 ) underwent @entity2650 repair that used the standard TIP urethroplasty. Group 2 (23 @entity1 ) had a single dartos flap covering. Group 3 (132 @entity1 ) had double dartos flaps covering. Surgeries were performed by one of three surgeons. RESULTS: In group 3, urethrocutaneous @entity292 was detected in 1 (0.7%) @entity1 , whereas there were 5 (29.4%) and 6 (26%) @entity292 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. @entity546 was noted in 10 (43.5%) and 5 (3.8%) @entity1 in group 2 and 3, respectively. Four of the @entity1 of group 3 had wound dehiscence (3%). @entity850 was seen in 1 (5.8%), 1 (4.3%) and 6 (4.5%) @entity1 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSION: The additional covering of the neourethra with a second layer dartos flap is an improvement in the TIP urethroplasty, in terms of @entity292 formation avoidance.

title: A comparative study to evaluate the effect of double dartos flaps in XXXX repair: no @entity292 anymore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Meatal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['Penile torsion']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['primary hypospadias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Aga Khan University Hospital is a tertiary care centre in Karachi, Pakistan, where @entity9001 has not been used previously. We report findings of a pre-use in vitro study to evaluate sensitivity of nosocomial Acinetobacter spp. @entity9001 @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) was correlated with that of other @entity2930 to assess their predictive potential. METHODS: Acinetobacter spp. were collected from hospitalized inpatients admitted to Aga Khan University Hospital from April to November 2007. @entity9001 , @entity803 , @entity3403 , and @entity1214 MICs were determined by E-test. RESULTS: One hundred isolates of Acinetobacter spp. were tested. Ninety-eight percent of Acinetobacter spp. were @entity2893 -resistant. @entity9001 @entity6251 (50) and @entity6251 (90) were 1.5 and 2.0 microg/ml, respectively. Unavailability of standard breakpoints hindered categorization of these values. @entity1214 was highly active, with @entity6251 (90) of 2.0 microg/ml. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9001 breakpoints for Acinetobacter spp. should be established to prevent injudicious use of this antibiotic based on misleading in vitro results. The therapeutic potential of @entity1214 needs more in-depth study.

title: In vitro activity of @entity9001 and other @entity2930 against XXXX -resistant Acinetobacter species: report from a tertiary care centre in Karachi, Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline', 'Minocycline']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'minimum inhibitory concentration']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity9001 :: ('MESH:C119092', 'Chemical') :: ['tigecycline', 'Tigecycline']

answer: @entity2893 :: (CHEBI:46765,Chemical) :: ['carbapenem']


abstract: @entity788 -associated protein ( @entity2786 ) is a secretory protein that is not only expressed during acute @entity788 but also in @entity788 , @entity356 , @entity157 , and @entity14 . Expression in @entity189 might be another characteristic of @entity2786 . The aim of our study was to assess, in 27 @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity14 , the expression of the @entity2786 mRNA and to evaluate its association with DNA ploidy and proliferative activity (S-phase fraction, @entity10359 ) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometric analysis (FCM). @entity2786 mRNA was expressed in 29.6% (8 of 27) of the @entity1 with @entity14 . DNA aneuploid and high @entity10359 were found in 87.5% (7 of 8) of @entity1 with @entity2786 mRNA positive @entity14 . The serum @entity2786 level was significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity14 when compared with the healthy subjects. Twelve of the 27 @entity1 with @entity14 had high serum @entity2786 concentrations (>25 ng/mL) and the mean @entity10359 was 17.82% +/- 8.02%, which was significantly higher compared with the normal colorectal tissue group (7.33% +/- 3.18%, P < 0.05). The mean serum @entity2786 concentration of DNA aneuploidy @entity14 was 46.67 +/- 17.58 ng/mL, which was significantly different when compared with the DNA diploidy group (19.18 +/- 8.89 ng/mL, P < 0.05). @entity2786 mRNA expression and serum @entity2786 levels are closely related to neoplastic proliferative activity in @entity1 with @entity14 . No significant differences are observed between @entity2786 mRNA expression and clinicopathologic parameters (P > 0.05).

title: @entity788 -associated protein is related closely to neoplastic proliferative activity in XXXX with @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Electrocardiographic measures can facilitate the identification of @entity1 at risk of @entity204 after @entity1187 . This study evaluates a new risk metric, morphologic variability (MV), which measures beat-to-beat variability in the shape of the entire heart beat signal. This metric is analogous to @entity299 , which focus on beat-to-beat changes in the heart rate. MV was calculated using a dynamic time-warping technique in 764 @entity1 from the DISPERSE2 (TIMI 33) trial for whom 24-hour continuous electrocardiograph was recorded within 48 hours of non-ST-elevation @entity1187 . The @entity1 were evaluated during a 90-day follow-up for the end point of @entity204 . @entity1 with high MV showed an increased risk of @entity204 during follow-up (hazard ratio 8.46; p <0.001). The relationship between high MV and @entity204 could be observed even after adjusting for baseline clinical characteristics and HRV measures (adjusted hazard ratio 6.91; p = 0.001). Moreover, the correlation between MV and HRV was low (R < or =0.25). These findings were consistent among several subgroups, including @entity1 under the age of 65 and those with no history of @entity6 or @entity407 . In conclusion, our results suggest that increased variation in the entire heart beat morphology is associated with a considerably elevated risk of @entity204 and may provide information complementary to the analysis of heart rate.

title: Relation of XXXX within 90 days of non-ST-elevation @entity1187 to variability in electrocardiographic morphology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate variability (HRV) approaches']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: This study examines quantification techniques applicable to @entity1 skeletal remains, and in particular the @entity894 ( @entity894 ), the minimum number of individuals (MNI), and what we refer to as the most likely number of individuals (MLNI), which is a modification of the @entity894 by Chapman ([1951] Univ. Calif. Publ. Stat. 1:131-159). As part of the study, a test of pair-matching between commingled homologous elements, e.g., right and left femora, was performed based on gross morphology. The results show that pair-matching can be accurately performed, and that the MLNI is a useful technique for dealing with well-preserved commingled remains recovered from archaeological excavations and/or forensic investigations. Our results show that it is potentially misleading to draw population conclusions based on the MNI, except in instances where recovery is near 100%. The MLNI was found to be the best method to compensate for the potential underestimates of the MNI and potential bias in the original @entity894 estimates resulting from small sample sizes. We demonstrate the use of MLNI in estimating the number of individuals from Lodge 21 at the Larson site, a late protohistoric structure at which the inhabitants were massacred and subsequently had their skeletal elements commingled by further taphonomic processes. We also show how to calculate estimates and standard errors for the recovery probabilities of skeletal elements.

title: Estimation of the most likely number of individuals from commingled XXXX skeletal remains.

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'Lincoln index']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We immunohistochemically evaluated lymphoid cell infiltration and HLA-DR antigen expression in @entity356 tissue obtained from advanced @entity356 @entity1 1 day after the completion of the treatment with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) 12 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) i.v. every 12 h from day 4 through day 8. Then the results were compared with those in 11 @entity1 pretreated with @entity1139 alone, 5 treated with @entity1199 alone, and 24 untreated @entity1 . @entity706 was observed in 17% of untreated @entity5 , 27% of @entity1139 -pretreated @entity5 , and 40% of @entity5 treated with @entity1199 alone. However, 71% of @entity189 pretreated with @entity1139 plus @entity1199 exhibited widespread infiltration. The frequency of cases with high-grade infiltration of @entity404 + cells was significantly higher in either group of @entity1 treated with @entity1139 alone or @entity1139 plus @entity1199 . Because the @entity405 + cell infiltration was not significantly altered, the ratio of @entity404 + to @entity405 + cells estimated as being > 1 was more frequently noted in @entity1 given @entity1139 alone or @entity1139 plus @entity1199 , as compared with untreated control. Furthermore, 86% of @entity5 pretreated with @entity1139 plus @entity1199 exhibited positive HLA-DR antigen expression, whereas 29% of untreated @entity189 did so. @entity1139 or @entity1199 alone did not significantly increase HLA-DR expression. These results indicate that the combination of low-dose of @entity1199 with @entity1139 enhances the intensity of lymphoid cell infiltration in @entity5 , with the predominance of @entity404 + cells, and HLA-DR antigen expression on @entity5 cells in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 .

title: Immunohistochemical features of HLA-DR antigen expression and lymphoid infiltrates in @entity356 after low-dose XXXX and @entity1138 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Widespread lymphoid infiltration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor', 'gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of long-term @entity4481 as add-on therapy for @entity1 with poorly controlled partial @entity410 . METHODS: Analysis of data from six long-term clinical trials involving 2,061 @entity1 receiving open-label @entity4481 75-600 mg/day adjunctive therapy for partial onset @entity302 refractory to multiple antiepileptic drugs. RESULTS: Total @entity4481 exposure was 3,877 @entity1 -years. The mean duration of @entity4481 treatment was 534 days (range 0.3-8 years) and 59% completed 1 year. One-third of @entity1 discontinued for lack of efficacy. The most common dose was >or=300 mg/day; over half took >or=450 mg/day. There was a mean reduction in the 28-day @entity410 rate of 25-40%, and more than 40% of all @entity1 had a >or=50% reduction in @entity410 from baseline during the last 3 months of treatment. Twelve percent of all @entity1 had a 6-month period continuously free of @entity410 . In the last year, 6% were @entity410 -free for the entire year. @entity4481 was generally well-tolerated and the safety profile favorable in @entity1 treated for up to several years, with an adverse event (AE) profile similar to short-term placebo-controlled trials. Common AEs included CNS symptoms ( @entity1296 , @entity2147 , @entity10 , and @entity1395 ), @entity130 , and @entity1017 . CNS AEs tended to be mild and transient. Rates of @entity944 ( @entity944 ), mortality, @entity5 , and @entity159 were within the expected range for this population. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive @entity4481 was effective, generally well tolerated, and safe in the long-term treatment of partial @entity410 , and provided clinically meaningful @entity410 reduction and freedom without evidence of tolerance over 2 years of follow-up.

title: Long-term add-on XXXX treatment in @entity1 with partial-onset @entity302 : pooled analysis of open-label clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden unexpected death in epilepsy', 'SUDEP']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['accidental injury']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['pregabalin']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study using a newly developed imaging diagnosis method to examine the @entity1 with @entity614 . OBJECTIVE: To confirm the efficacy of a new 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) imaging method to diagnose extraforaminal @entity850 at the lumbosacral junction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The lack of recognition of extraforaminal @entity850 at the lumbosacral junction is a cause of @entity11252 . A clear method to diagnose this condition is essential. METHODS: The @entity1 were 75 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 69.5 y) with or without cauda equina symptoms who were treated by microendoscopic spinal surgery for @entity614 . The lesion responsible for the symptoms was identified by a combination of neurologic findings, selective radiculography, (3D MRI), and intraoperative neurophysiological findings. Multislice CT scanning was carried out preoperatively from the L1 vertebral body to the sacrum in all @entity1 . The CT scan images were transferred to a remote computer workstation, and the reconstructed images were examined after surgery by an investigator blinded to the clinical diagnoses. In the reconstructed plane, we measured the minimum cross-sectional area of the de novo bony tunnel formed by the L5 transverse process, sacral ala, and L5 vertebral body, that is, lumbosacral bony tunnel (LSBT) and determined a cutoff value to diagnose extraforaminal @entity850 . The shape of the LSBT was also evaluated in relation to the diagnosis. RESULTS: In 3D CT analysis, the LSBT was found on the ipsilateral side in 51 of the 75 @entity1 . The bony tunnel was outside the foramen in all @entity1 diagnosed clinically with extraforaminal @entity850 , but in only 60% of the @entity1 without extraforaminal @entity850 . The minimum cross-sectional area of the bony tunnel was significantly smaller in @entity1 with an extraforaminal @entity850 than in those without extraforaminal @entity850 . The cutoff value was set at 0.8 cm2. The cross-sectional area was <0.8 cm2 in all @entity1 with extraforaminal @entity850 . The specificity of this diagnostic procedure was 89.6%, and the sensitivity was 100%. All true-positive cases had the spur-type shape of the bony tunnel, and all false-positive cases had the round-type shape. CONCLUSIONS: All @entity1 with extraforaminal @entity850 had an LSBT. The minimum cross-sectional area of the bony tunnel was significantly smaller in @entity1 with an extraforaminal lesion than in those without an extraforaminal lesion. 3D CT is a useful tool for diagnosing extraforaminal @entity850 at the lumbosacral junction.

title: A new 3-dimensional computed tomography imaging method to diagnose extraforaminal XXXX at the lumbosacral junction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['L5 radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed back surgery syndrome']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: It has been demonstrated that the surface of large VLDL Sf 100-400 can bind both prothrombin and Factor X(Xa) and that on VLDL @entity6236 can convert prothrombin to thrombin, which degrades apo B and @entity2204 . It has been reported also that the VLDL kinetically supports the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. The binding of @entity2067 -dependent proteins to phospholipid is partially @entity141 -dependent and probably involves their @entity9984 residues. The complex of VLDL, prothrombin, @entity6236 , and @entity141 lacks only Factor Va, a lipid associating, non- @entity9984 residue containing 330 kd protein, to complete the "prothrombinase complex." Factor V (Va) is found at very low concentrations in the circulation, but is localized on platelets, monocytes, and the endothelium. VLDL can bind both to monocytes and to the endothelium, for example, through both receptor and non-receptor pathways. When carrying this complement of the prothrombinase complex, this subpopulation of VLDL, in the presence of Factor Va on cell surfaces, could conceivably upset the local balance of pro- and anticoagulant activities. Thus, directly or indirectly the increased @entity412 levels, reflected in increased VLDL in @entity1 , may alter this balance, and thereby produce a " @entity49 state." This is a simplistic view of the potential role of VLDL in the interplay of cells, coagulation proteins, and the regulatory systems involved in vivo. To realize the degree of complexity that we may need to address, we need only look at the work of Booyse et al in this issue of Seminars, in which they demonstrate that hypertriglyceridemic VLDL, in contrast to normal VLDL, do not support the early release of @entity3479 from endothelial cells, an antifibrinolytic event.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -dependent proteins bind to very low-density lipoproteins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity2067 :: (MESH:D014812,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin K']


abstract: Dynamic state recognition and event-prediction are fundamental tasks in biomedical signal processing. We present a new, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based, brain-state identification method which could form the basis for forecasting a generalized @entity302 . The method relies on the existence in the EEG of a preseizure state, with extractable unique features, a priori undefined. We exposed 25 @entity35 to hyperbaric @entity26 until the appearance of a generalized EEG @entity410 . EEG segments from the preexposure, early exposure, and the period up to and including the @entity410 were processed by the fast wavelet transform. Features extracted from the wavelet coefficients were imputed to the unsupervised optimal fuzzy clustering (UOFC) algorithm. The UOFC is useful for classifying similar discontinuous temporal patterns in the semistationary EEG to a set of clusters which may represent brain-states. The unsupervised selection of the number of cluster overcomes the a priori unknown and variable number of states. The usually vague brain state transitions are naturally treated by assigning each temporal pattern to one or more fuzzy clusters. The classification succeeded in identifying several, behavior-backed, EEG states such as sleep, resting, alert and active wakefulness, as well as the @entity410 . In 16 instances a preseizure state, lasting between 0.7 and 4 min was defined. Considerable individual variability in the number and characteristics of the clusters may postpone the realization of an early universal @entity302 warning. University may not be crucial if using a dynamic version of the UOFC which has been taught the individual's normal vocabulary of EEG states and can be expected to detect unspecified new states.

title: Forecasting generalized XXXX from the EEG signal by wavelet analysis and dynamic unsupervised fuzzy clustering.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizure', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To model late @entity1241 after high-dose @entity263 radiotherapy (RT) in @entity1 accrued in the AIROPROS (prostate working group of the Italian Association of Radiation Oncology) 0102 trial using different endpoint definitions. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The self-reported questionnaires (before RT, 1 month after RT, and every 6 months for  <=3 years after RT) of 586 @entity1 were available. The peak @entity322 (P_INC) and @entity16136 (chronic @entity322 [C_INC], defined as the persistence of Grade 1 or greater @entity322 after any Grade 2-3 event; and mean @entity322 score [M_INC], defined as the average score during the 3-year period after RT) were considered. The correlation between the clinical/dosimetric parameters (including rectal dose-volume histograms) and P_INC (Grade 2 or greater), C_INC, and M_INC of >= 1 were investigated using multivariate logistic analyses. Receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve were used to assess the predictive value of the different multivariate models. RESULTS: Of the 586 @entity1 , 36 with a Grade 1 or greater @entity322 score before RT were not included in the present analysis. Of the 550 included @entity1 , 197 (35.8%) had at least one control with a Grade 1 or greater @entity322 score (M_INC >0). Of these 197 @entity1 , 37 (6.7%), 22 (4.0%), and 17 (3.1%) were scored as having P_INC, M_INC >= 1, and C_INC, respectively. On multivariate analysis, Grade 2 or greater acute @entity322 was the only predictor of P_INC (odds ratio [OR], 5.9; p = .0009). Grade 3 acute @entity322 was predictive of C_INC (OR, 9.4; p = .02), and percentage of the rectal volume receiving >40 Gy of >= 80% was predictive of a M_INC of >= 1 (OR, 3.8; p = .008) and of C_INC (OR, 3.6; p = .03). Previous @entity29 , previous abdominal/pelvic surgery, and the use of antihypertensive (protective factor) correlated highly with both C_INC and M_INC >= 1. The predictive values of the models for C_INC (area under the curve, 0.83) and M_INC >= 1 (area under the curve, 0.73) were greater than the ones for P_INC (area under the curve, 0.62) and more reliable (p = .0001-.0003 against p = .02). Nomograms for the @entity16136 were derived. CONCLUSIONS: The longitudinal definitions of @entity1241 (C_INC and M_INC >= 1) were helpful in accounting for both the persistence and the severity of the @entity322 . A significant fraction of peak events was consequential to acute @entity322 , and a longer duration of symptoms mainly depended on the rectal dose bath (percentage of rectal volume receiving >40 Gy), and pretreatment clinical factors.

title: Late @entity1241 after high-dose radiotherapy for XXXX : better prediction using longitudinal definitions.

entities_list: @entity16136 :: ('MESH:D058529', 'Disease') :: ['two longitudinal definitions']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']