abstract: A total of 304 @entity1 under the age of 15 years with acquired severe @entity2150 (SAA) received @entity34 ( @entity34 ) (n = 133) or a matched bone marrow transplant (BMT) (n = 171). The projected 10-year survival is 48% and 63% respectively (p = 0.002). Results following BMT have improved considerably over the years from 49% in 1970-80, to 70% in 1981-83 (p = 0.002) and to 81% between 1984-88 (p = 0.08). Other favorable prognostic factors are the use of @entity205 (p = 0.004), no previous therapy (p = 0.006) and early BMT (p = 0.009). In multivariate analysis only the year of treatment proved significant (p = 0.02). In contrast, results of @entity34 are greatly dependent on the severity of pre-treatment @entity1398 with survival of 56% versus 37% for neutrophils more or less than 0.2 x 10(9)/l (p = 0.003). Poor survival was associated in univariate analysis with female sex (43%), post- @entity99 SAA (37%), @entity1 not receiving @entity3800 (38%) and @entity1 younger than 5 years (35%), especially if associated with a low neutrophil count (11%). In multivariate analysis only the degree of @entity1398 proved significant (p = 0.005). These results suggest that @entity34 is a satisfactory alternative therapy for @entity1 with moderately SAA in the absence of an HLA-identical sibling, although BMT remains the treatment of choice. In @entity1 under 5 years with very SAA, results with @entity34 are so poor that a search for an unrelated matched donor is justified as early as possible.

title: Treatment with marrow transplantation or immunosuppression of childhood acquired severe XXXX : a report from the EBMT SAA Working Party.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'immunosuppressive therapy']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined @entity296 and obstruction, and related these to plaque in the epicardial coronary arteries supplying the affected microvessels. BACKGROUND: @entity1186 often causes microemboli and @entity3885 . The consequences of myocardial microvessel obstruction and myocyte @entity39 are substantial, yet histopathologic characterization of @entity453 has been incompletely characterized. This study examined @entity296 , and related these to plaque in the coronary arteries supplying the microvessels. METHODS: Hearts from @entity944 @entity1 underwent examination for @entity453 . RESULTS: Forty-four hearts were available for evaluation. Mean age at death was 51 +/- 15 years. Coronary artery analysis found 26 @entity397 and 21 erosions, and a mean of 4.5 microemboli per heart. @entity3885 occurred most often from eroded plaques. Microemboli and occluded intramyocardial vessels were most common in the left anterior descending coronary artery, and all vessels contained fibrin and platelets. Mean stenoses of the culprit lesion was 74% in those with @entity999 and 75% in those without (p = NS). Intramyocardial microemboli were more common in plaque erosion than in rupture. Microvessels <200 mum were most often those that were occluded. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3885 are common in @entity1 dying of acute @entity1186 . @entity2681 is more likely to cause @entity999 in vessels <200 mum. These @entity999 and microvessel obstruction have a prominent clinical role since myonecrosis is often associated with these findings.

title: @entity3885 in acute @entity1186 and XXXX : relation to epicardial plaque histopathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial microvascular emboli']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden coronary death']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['Plaque erosion']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular obstruction', 'Microemboli and microvascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['coronary thrombosis', 'Epicardial coronary thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial coronary artery plaque', 'coronary artery plaque type and cardiac microemboli']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden coronary death']


abstract: As long as the aetiology of @entity1778 of @entity1 is not known its therapy is based on clinical experience. Among the values of experience those factors will play a part, the evidence of which during the @entity981 initial stage will be a risk for successful therapy and survival rate. This results in a choice of more aggressive variants of modern therapy schemes. In a cytogenetic study made in 35 @entity1 with @entity981 it was tested, whether even leukaemic chromosome clones will be a risk for the course of acute @entity1778 . The duration of the first remission and survival rate were considered as criteria. The evidence of a leukaemic chromosome clone could be shown to be followed by a short survival rate, irrespective of the stage of the disease where the clone had been observed first. Thus, cytostatic therapy in those @entity981 @entity1 who are affected with luekaemic chromosome aberration of stem line character should be aimed at the complete annihilation of the clone, irrespective of other remission criteria. The failure of blood and bone-marrow cultures as early as during the untreated initial stage indicated a primary cellular immuno-insufficiency. This combination of cell immuno- @entity308 with high peripheral leukocytes connts and a primary mediastinal @entity5 or a generalizing @entity1893 respectively, was the highest risk up till now for the course of the disease. Judging from the duration of the first remission and the survival rates, the consecutive schemes of therapy did not differ in their effect on @entity1778 with pathological stem lines. On the basis of the present study the impression could not be excluded that up till now long term survival rates could be attributed rather to individual manners of response than to the modern therapy scheme.

title: [Leukemic chromosome clone. I. Risk factor in the acute lymphatic leukemia of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'acute lymphatic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['lymphosarcoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Treatment outcomes improved in metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) due to the introduction of new chemotherapies and monoclonal antibodies. This study describes current patterns of pharmacological treatment for mCRC in clinical practice in four European countries. METHODS: This cohort study used physician-survey data from the LifeLink Oncology Analyzer Database for mCRC @entity1 in France, Germany, Italy and Spain. All @entity1 aged >= 21 years at mCRC diagnosis and with data collected during 2009 were included. Treatment patterns were examined descriptively by lines of therapy. RESULTS: The study sample included 2682 mCRC @entity1 . In first-line, more @entity1 received FOLFOX (infusional @entity1487 / @entity4181 and @entity901 )- than FOLFIRI (infusional @entity1487 / @entity4181 and @entity2600 )-, containing regimens in Germany (42   vs. 30%) and Spain (25   vs. 16%), while in Italy and France the reverse was true (Italy: 34% FOLFIRI   vs.29% FOLFOX; France: 26   vs. 19%). In second-line, FOLFIRI-containing regimens were more commonly used than FOLFOX-containing regimens in Germany (36   vs. 18%), Italy (29   vs. 14%), and Spain (34   vs. 6%), while similar proportions of FOLFOX and FOLFIRI were used in France (18   vs. 15%). As part of first-line treatment, bevacizumab use ranged from 44% of @entity1 in Italy to 30% in Spain, with slightly lower rates in second-line. Cetuximab first-line use ranged from 14% of @entity1 in Spain to 7% in Italy, increasing in second-line to 30% in Spain, 26% in Italy, 20% in Germany, and 17% in France. LIMITATIONS: This analysis focused on description of treatment patterns, however, the actual clinical benefits of these treatment regimens on survival or quality of life were not addressed due to lack of relevant information in the data source. Some country differences in treatment patterns were observed. These differences might be partly explained by differences in local treatment guidelines, physician prescribing behaviours, reimbursement policies, and response to various regimens due to genetic differences. CONCLUSIONS: In clinical practice in four European countries, FOLFOX- and FOLFIRI-based regimens are common standard of care chemotherapies for mCRC (FOLFOX and bevacizumab   +   FOLFIRI are the most common regimens), and monoclonal antibodies are often combined with these chemotherapies.

title: Patterns of treatment with chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies for metastatic XXXX in Western Europe.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity1369 infusion results in @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and @entity101 and may involve profibrotic and proinflammatory mechanisms. In turn, @entity101 is the major cause of @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Adiponectin, an adipose-derived plasma protein, exerts antiinflammatory and anti- @entity1184 effects and is implicated in the development of @entity101 and systolic @entity712 . We thus tested the hypothesis that @entity17211 in @entity1369 -induced @entity101 exacerbated @entity299 and diastolic @entity712 . @entity164 ( @entity164 ) or adiponectin-deficient (APNKO) @entity19 underwent saline or @entity1369 infusion and uninephrectomy and were fed 1% salt water for 4 wk. Blood pressure was increased in @entity1369 -infused @entity164 (132 +/- 2 vs. 109 +/- 3 mm Hg; P < 0.01) and further augmented in APNKO @entity19 (140 +/- 3 mm Hg; P < 0.05 vs. @entity1369 -infused @entity164 ). @entity4346 was increased in @entity1369 -infused @entity164 vs. @entity164 @entity19 (LV/body weight ratio, 4.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.1 +/- 0.2 mg/g) and further increased in @entity1369 -infused APNKO @entity19 (LV/body weight ratio, 6.0 +/- 0.4 mg/g). Left ventricular ejection fraction was not decreased in either @entity1369 -infused @entity164 or APNKO hearts. @entity891 however was worse in APNKO @entity19 (P < 0.01). The ratio of early ventricular filling over late ventricular filling (E/A) and the ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/e'), measures of diastolic function, were increased in @entity1369 -infused @entity164 hearts and further increased in APNKO hearts (P < 0.05 for both). Renal function and cardiac @entity82 were no different between both @entity1369 -infused groups. @entity1369 increased @entity5780 expression in @entity164 hearts (P < 0.05 vs. @entity164 and P < 0.01 vs. APNKO). Myocardial atrial natriuretic peptide, @entity60 , and @entity637 expression were increased in @entity1369 -infused @entity164 hearts. Expression of these proteins was further increased in @entity1369 -infused APNKO hearts. Therefore, @entity17211 in @entity101 -induced diastolic @entity712 exacerbates @entity4346 , @entity67 , and diastolic @entity712 . Whether or not adiponectin replacement prevents the progression to diastolic @entity712 will warrant further study.

title: @entity17211 , XXXX , and @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'diastolic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity17211 :: ('MESH:C567258', 'Disease') :: ['hypoadiponectinemia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity5780 :: ('17390(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['diastolic dysfunction']


abstract: Syngeneic liver grafts were implanted in the livers of 22 LEW/Sea strain @entity35 . To prolong the graft survival, anti- @entity11263 monoclonal antibody (MAb) or anti @entity13963 ( @entity13963 ) antibody (Ab) was injected, or splenectomy was performed in the @entity35 which were then followed until 10 to 11 weeks posttransplantation. The 22 @entity35 with chronic graft rejection showed increased CD8a-like antigen (probably Fas ligand) on the peripheral blood T cells. All the liver grafts had both @entity39 and apoptosis. The liver graft apoptosis was indicated by histopathological abnormalities, and by DNA strand breaks and hemosiderin depositions in the cytoplasm. @entity13963 expression in the apoptotic liver graft was demonstrated immunohistochemically. Among the 17 @entity35 injected with anti- @entity11263 MAb, @entity11263 signaling on host T cells was effectively suppressed by the injection of anti- @entity11263 MAb in 4 @entity35 with better-surviving liver grafts. In these 4 rats, @entity24083 antigen on thymic lymphocytes was down-modulated and high numbers (136-233-positive cells per lobe) of the epithelial reticular cells with apoptotic lymphocytes were counted. Anti- @entity13963 Ab caused high pulmonary secretions of growth factors and reticular @entity82 in the lungs of 5 @entity35 injected with the Ab. Anti- @entity13963 Ab injection reduced the host cell apoptosis in the lung and thymus, but did not prolong the survival of liver grafts. In the 9 @entity35 with both splenectomy and anti- @entity11263 MAb injection, pulmonary apoptosis was induced with the 6-16% reductions of @entity11264 + lymphocytes. Prolonged graft survival was observed in only one of the 9 rats. Anti- @entity11263 MAb was effective for prolonging the liver graft survival with suppressed @entity24083 antigen, but anti- @entity13963 Ab and splenectomy were not.

title: Better-surviving liver grafts by the injection of anti- @entity11263 antibody: the important roles of host CD8+ and XXXX + @entity24083 + T cells in chronic graft rejection and @entity13963 ( @entity13963 ) expression on apoptotic liver grafts.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity13963 :: ('24629(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFR-beta', 'beta type platelet-derived growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity11263 :: (497761(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CD2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the systemic @entity32 induced by @entity281 might be associated with symptoms of @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ). DESIGN: Nested case-control study. SETTING: A questionnaire including questions about @entity3427 and oligo- @entity2588 was distributed to a representative sample of @entity1 (at age 31) from the general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort. Those who reported both symptoms were defined as symptomatic (n=81). @entity1 (S): A representative sample of @entity1 (at age 31) from the general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): To test the presence of serum antibodies to @entity55 (IgG titers >= 32) and @entity1047 (IgG titers >= 8) by microimmunofluorescence in symptomatic and control @entity1 . RESULT(S): Antibodies were investigated in 79 symptomatic and 1427 control @entity1 ( @entity21334 ) and in 79 symptomatic and 425 control @entity1 ( @entity11739 ). C. trachomatis antibodies (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-4.6) and C. pneumoniae antibodies (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.4) were more commonly present in symptomatic @entity1 , and the simultaneous presence of elevated highly sensitive @entity1851 levels strengthened this association. CONCLUSION(S): @entity32 , which is associated with @entity281 , could contribute to the pathogenetic processes that lead to the metabolic and hormonal disorders of @entity3610 .

title: @entity1047 antibodies and self-reported symptoms of oligo- @entity2588 and @entity3427 : a new etiologic factor in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia trachomatis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial infections']

entities_list: @entity11739 :: ('813', 'Species') :: ['C trachomatis']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: We validated our ultrasensitive @entity1486 (PSA) assay based on lyophilization and 4-fold concentration of @entity1 sera with the clinical long-term followup and according to histopathological characteristics of 422 @entity1 treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy for @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each serum sample was divided into 2 aliquots for standard and 4-fold concentrated (ultrasensitive) detection. Samples were analyzed by the same unmodified DPC-Immulite PSA assay. Biochemical relapse was defined as an increase of at least 0.10 ng./ml. in native serum (equivalent to 0.025 ng./ml. in concentrated serum). Mean followup was 449 days (range 29 to 2,057). Kaplan-Meier analysis of standard and ultrasensitive detection results was done, and findings were correlated with pathological stage, Gleason grade, total @entity5 volume, Gleason grade 4 @entity5 volume and margin status. Significance of earlier detection in ultrasensitive versus standard detection was calculated with the log rank (Mantel- @entity797 ) test with p <0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Of 442 @entity1 88 (20.8%) experienced biochemical recurrence. Of this cohort 28 (31%) demonstrated early failure on the ultrasensitive assay which was later confirmed on the standard assay, 37 (42%) had failure simultaneously on both assays and 23 (26%) had failure on the ultrasensitive but remained disease-free on the standard assay. Average time for ultrasensitive assay detection of recurrence was 288 days (standard 555). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significant advantages in earlier detection of recurrence with the ultrasensitive assay, and close correlation with pathological stage, Gleason grade, margin status and Gleason grade 4 @entity5 volume. Time advantages of ultrasensitive versus standard detection were greater for advanced @entity5 (pT3a/b or greater, Gleason 3 + 4 or greater) than for small, low grade @entity5 . All @entity1 who had positive results on the standard assay had a previous (28) or simultaneous (37) positive ultrasensitive result. With standard detection 25% of all relapses were evident within the first year of surgery and with ultrasensitive detection the percentage increased to 85.7%. On both assays 334 @entity1 remained free of biochemical recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Our ultrasensitive PSA assay is useful for early detection of biochemical relapse after radical retropubic prostatectomy. It not only provides the same accuracy as conventional PSA assays but also offers the advantage of detecting recurrence about 300 days earlier. Thus, long-term results of radical retropubic prostatectomy series can be calculated sooner. The clinical impact of this assay will be obvious once curative treatment options are available if applied at the earliest time of evident @entity5 recurrence.

title: Ultrasensitive detection of XXXX in the followup of 422 @entity1 after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate specific antigen']


abstract: We report a systematic analysis of group change scores of subjects with @entity4048 not due to whiplash and without @entity10 or @entity158 , in randomized clinical trials of a single session of manual therapy. A comprehensive literature search of clinical trials of @entity4048 treated with manual therapies up to December 2006 was conducted. Trials that scored above 60% on the PEDro Scale were included. Change scores were analyzed for absolute, percentage change and effect size (ES) whenever possible. Nine trials were identified: 6 for spinal manipulation, 4 for spinal mobilization or non-manipulative manual therapy (2 overlapping trials), and 1 trial using @entity63 compression. No trials were identified for massage therapy or manual traction. Four manipulation trials (five groups) reported mean immediate changes in 100-mm VAS of -18.94 (9.28) mm. ES for these changes ranged from .33 to 2.3. Two mobilization trials reported immediate VAS changes of -11.5 and -4 mm (ES of .36 and .22, respectively); one trial reported no difference in immediate @entity158 scores versus sham mobilization. The @entity63 compression study showed statistically significant immediate decreases in 100-mm @entity158 VAS (average = -14.6 mm). There is moderate-to-high quality evidence that immediate clinically important improvements are obtained from a single session of spinal manipulation. The evidence for mobilization is less substantial, with fewer studies reporting smaller immediate changes. There is insufficient evidence for @entity63 compression to draw conclusions. There is no evidence for a single session of massage or manual traction for @entity4048 .

title: Chronic mechanical XXXX in adults treated by manual therapy: a systematic review of change scores in randomized controlled trials of a single session.

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['chronic neck pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'arm pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['neck pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The single-nucleotide polymorphism @entity30747 of @entity10617 , a @entity30 ( @entity30 )-associated gene, is responsible for decreased autophagy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of this single-nucleotide polymorphism on the uptake and processing of antigens by dendritic cells (DCs) and the interaction between DC and intestinal epithelium in pediatric @entity1 with @entity30 . METHODS: Pediatric @entity1 who homozygously carry either the protective (wild type, n = 7) or risk allele (risk, n = 13) of @entity10617 , as well as heterozygous @entity1 (het, n = 13) were enrolled. The monocyte-derived DC were analyzed for phenotype, antigen sampling, and processing by flow cytometry, whereas the capability of DC to form transepithelial protrusions was determined by confocal microscopy. RESULTS: DC generated from wild type @entity1 showed higher bacteria sampling and antigen processing compared with risk @entity1 . Additionally, after exposure to either bacteria particles or the antigen DQ-ovalbumin, wild type DC showed a significant increase in the expression of the HLA-DR and @entity2937 when compared with risk DC. Interestingly, also het @entity1 showed an impairment in bacteria uptake and expression of activation marker when compared with the wild type. In the Caco2/DC coculture, the formation of transepithelial protrusions were less numerous in risk DC compared with wild type and the antigen uptake decreased. CONCLUSIONS: DC of pediatric @entity1 with @entity30 carrying the @entity30747 allele showed a marked impairment of antigen uptake and processing and defective interactions between DC and intestinal epithelium. Collectively, our results suggest that an autophagy defect is associated with an impairment of intestinal innate immunity in pediatric @entity30 .

title: @entity30747 variant of autophagy @entity10617 gene is associated with decreased antigen sampling and processing by dendritic cells in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: To determine the site of action of dopaminergic drugs on @entity1 @entity4090 release from @entity977 , five @entity4090 -and five GH-secreting @entity652 were incubated with and without @entity935 and L-dopa. @entity2847 was also tested in order to compare its effect to that of the other drugs. In all of the experiments except one, a decrease of @entity4090 , which was often statistically significant, was observed. When pooling the results of the @entity4090 -secreting @entity652 , the mean levels of @entity4090 with @entity935 , L-dopa, and @entity2847 were, respectively, 49%, 55%, and 60% of the control levels. In the GH-secreting @entity652 , they were 60%, 67%, and 55% of that of the control. For GH, a decrease of the release was observed in four out of five GH-secreting @entity652 . When pooling the results from these @entity5 , the mean levels of GH with @entity935 , L-dopa, and @entity2847 were, respectively, 63%, 76%, and 64% of the control levels. In one case, a significant increase of GH was observed with the three dopaminergic drugs. This study produced the following conclusions. 1) @entity935 acts directly on @entity4090 release from @entity1 @entity977 ; in vitro, L-dopa effects are similar (its action probably occurs after conversion to @entity2661 ). These observations strongly suggest the presence of dopaminergic membrane receptors on @entity1 lactotroph and somatotroph adenomatous pituitary cells. 2) In vitro hormonal results are in good agreement with in vivo dynamic tests using L-dopa and @entity2847 . 3) The paradoxical effect of dopaminergic drugs on GH secretion in acromegalic @entity1 may be attributed to modified @entity935 membrane receptors. However, the paradoxical response is not a constant feature in @entity2012 , and its mechanism needs further investigations.

title: In vitro effect of @entity935 and L-dopa on prolactin and growth hormone release from @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine', 'Bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity63 impairs the @entity1708 translocase (ANT), which transports @entity857 and @entity855 across the inner mitochondrial membrane. We investigated whether @entity35951 overexpression has protective effects on @entity63 hearts. @entity583 was induced in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and heart-specific @entity35951 -transgenic ( @entity35951 -TG) @entity35 , and @entity519 was set in isolated cardiomyocytes. @entity35951 overexpression reduced the @entity583 area and increased the survival rate of infarcted @entity35 . Reduced @entity35951 expression and increased 4-hydroxynonenal modification of ANT paralleled to impaired ANT function in infarcted @entity164 hearts. @entity35951 overexpression improved ANT expression and function. This was accompanied by reduced mitochondrial cytochrome C release and @entity4124 activation. @entity35951 -TG hearts suffered less from oxidative stress, as shown by lower protein carbonylation and 4-hydroxynonenal modification of ANT. @entity35951 overexpression also increased cell survival of @entity519 cardiomyocytes and attenuated reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production. This was linked to higher stability of mitochondrial membrane potential and lower activity of ROS detoxifying catalase. @entity35951 -TG cardiomyocytes also showed higher resistance against @entity5568 treatment, which was independent of catalase activity. In conclusion, @entity35951 overexpression compensates impaired ANT activity under @entity26 -restricted conditions. It reduces ROS production and oxidative stress, stabilizes mitochondrial integrity, and increases survival, making @entity35951 a component in ROS management and heart protection during @entity63 . KEY MESSAGES: @entity35951 overexpression reduces infarct size and increases survival after @entity1188 . @entity35951 overexpression compensates restricted ANT expression and function in infarcted hearts. Increased @entity35951 expression enhances mitochondrial integrity. @entity35951 -overexpressing hearts reduce oxidative stress by decreasing ROS generation. @entity35951 is a component in ROS management and heart protection.

title: Transgenic overexpression of @entity1708 translocase 1 protects XXXX hearts against oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity1708 :: ('CHEBI:61293', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: End-stage @entity370 is characterized by severe @entity3794 and is often poorly responsive to medical therapy. Lung transplantation, therefore, may be the only treatment option. Currently, there are few studies evaluating long-term outcomes following transplantation for these @entity1 . Our aim was to evaluate post-transplant morbidity and survival of @entity1 with @entity370 compared to recipients transplanted for @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). METHODS: We retrospectively examined 300 lung transplant recipients using a dedicated database. Over a 10-year period, 15 (5.0%) @entity1 with @entity370 and 48 (16%) @entity1 with @entity2416 were identified. Primary outcome measures included rate and time to onset of @entity4154 ( @entity4154 ) and survival. RESULTS: Recipients in the @entity370 group were younger and predominantly female compared to recipients in the @entity2416 group. Five of 15 (33%) @entity370 @entity1 developed @entity4154 versus 15 of 48 (31%) @entity2416 @entity1 (p=1.0). There was no significant difference in the time to @entity4154 onset. Median survival was 1,365 days for the @entity370 group and 1,593 days for the @entity2416 group (Hazard Ratio 0.94 by Kaplan-Meier analysis; [95% CI] 0.33-2.67; p = 0.90). CONCLUSIONS: We observe similar long term outcomes following lung transplantation for @entity370 and @entity2416 recipients. Transplantation remains a treatment option for end-stage @entity370 , as @entity4154 and survival rates are comparable to @entity2416 .

title: XXXX and survival following lung transplantation for @entity1 with @entity370 .

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['BOS', 'bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'sarcoid']

answer: @entity4154 :: (MESH:D001989,Disease) :: ['Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 may be classified in three groups: 1) extradural, 2) intradural extramedullary and 3) intramedullary spinal cord @entity5 . Intradural extramedullary @entity5 arise from the leptomeninges or nerve roots and include @entity808 . A @entity808 is usually a firm grey-whitish @entity5 growing near a nerve trunk or ramus. It can be separated from the nerve without damaging neural tissue. @entity808 are usually solitary @entity5 . CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 37-year-old male who underwent surgery for a @entity5 in the upper thoracic segment of the spinal canal. Although the @entity5 filled the spinal canal almost entirely, the @entity1 did not manifest any @entity51 . During the surgery, the @entity5 was removed completely. A histological examination confirmed a @entity75 (WHO G1). CONCLUSIONS: The question whether doctors are keen to order more diagnostic investigations (including both laboratory and imaging studies) than are necessary is often asked in clinical practice. The cost factor is also important. Not every @entity1 with @entity615 is referred for an MRI study in the absence of characteristic neurological signs. The case of our @entity1 , however, speaks in favour of early referral for such diagnostic modalities. Appropriate imaging studies, even in @entity1 presenting with no @entity51 , may help detect pathologies than can lead to severe disability. A spinal canal @entity5 filling the spinal canal almost entirely and displacing the spinal cord could cause spinal cord damage at any time with all the dire consequences such as @entity451 and loss of the ability to walk.

title: Thoracic Nerve Root @entity808 Filling the Spinal Canal Almost Entirely Without any XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'Schwannomas', 'schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['benign schwannoma lesion']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['Neurological Deficits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The reasons for increased @entity600 prevalence following @entity52 ( @entity52 ) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are largely unknown. Classification of @entity600 by pathology rather than organ system, and examination of the role of embryo freezing and thawing may provide clues to the mechanisms involved. This study aimed to investigate these two factors. METHOD: Data on 6946 @entity52 or ICSI singleton pregnancies were linked to perinatal outcomes obtained from population-based data sets on births and @entity600 occurring between 1991 and 2004 in Victoria, Australia. These were compared with 20,838 outcomes for singleton births in the same population, conceived without @entity52 or ICSI. @entity600 were classified according to pathogenesis. RESULTS: Overall, @entity600 were increased after @entity52 or ICSI [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.36; 95% CI: 1.19-1.55] relative to controls. There was no strong evidence of risk differences between @entity52 and ICSI or between fresh and thawed embryo transfer. However, a specific group, blastogenesis @entity600 , were markedly increased [adjusted OR 2.80, 95% CI: 1.63-4.81], with the increase relative to the controls being significant for fresh embryo transfer (adjusted OR 3.65; 95% CI: 2.02-6.59) but not for thawed embryo transfer (adjusted OR 1.60; 95% CI: 0.69-3.69). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that there is a specific risk of blastogenesis @entity600 arising very early in pregnancy after @entity52 or ICSI and that this risk may be lower with use of frozen-thawed embryo transfer.

title: Increased risk of blastogenesis XXXX , arising in the first 4 weeks of pregnancy, after assisted reproductive technologies.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['in-vitro fertilization', 'IVF']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect', 'Birth defects', 'birth defects']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['birth defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the predictive value of electron beam computerized tomographic scans for @entity460 in the detection of @entity453 . DESIGN: Literature review and meta-analysis of published studies of electron beam computerized tomographic scans for coronary calcification. METHODS: Six studies comparing EBCT scan and coronary angiography findings comprising 2,717 @entity1 were reviewed. Bayesian analyses were performed for the entire cohort and subgroups. Bayesian analyses plots are presented. RESULTS: EBCT scans for the detection of @entity453 have a sensitivity that ranges from 68% to 100% and a specificity that ranges from 31% to 74% for the presence of significant @entity301 . (Overall, sensitivity = 94%; specifity = 42%) Sensitivities and specificities of EBCT scans for any @entity301 range from 80% to 97% and 52% to 65%, respectively. (Overall, sensitivity = 91%; specificity = 55%). CONCLUSIONS: EBCT scans are being performed with increasing frequency as an adjunctive means to diagnose @entity301 . Although EBCT scans are unlikely to ever become a substitute for direct angiographic visualization of the coronary arteries, in certain instances they can be helpful in excluding or increasing the likelihood of significant @entity301 . The results of EBCT scans should be interpreted in the light of other available evidence, including such information as age, sex, the presence of risk factors for @entity301 , and the results of other tests such as ECG stress tests and imaging procedures. In general, although the presence of @entity729 tends to be of more value in indicating that significant @entity301 is not present. The use of Bayesian analyses plots may prove of value in helping determine the significance of EBCT scan findings.

title: An update on EBCT (Ultrafast CT) scans for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The @entity1381 is a very painful symptom suffered by chronic haemodialysis @entity1 and is observed in 22 to 74% of the subjects. The causes of @entity1381 have not yet been clarified. During the last 20 to 30 years it has been focused on altogether 5 different pathophysiological hypotheses: stimulating influences (e.g. @entity78 deposits in the epidermis), stimuli (e.g. @entity3528 ), @entity130 (e.g. disturbance of the cutaneous innervation in @entity1 with @entity1897 ), and central nervous changes (e.g. accumulation of endorphins in @entity1381 @entity1 which is associated with increasing @entity111 ), and immunologic conditions. The last mentioned immunological hypothesis has increasing importance, not at least based on the fact that the application of a topical @entity9909 ( @entity1140 ) improves the @entity1381 . However, this fact could not be confirmed in a recent prospective placebo-controlled study from the USA. Only after kidney transplantation with a functioning transplant the @entity1381 is stopped. That is why no causal therapy exists so far. Actually, the @entity1381 has to be treated by topical and systemic means in a symptomatic and polypragmatic way only. @entity1133 represents one of the most important "natural moisturizing factors" which are responsible for the hydration of the skin. It has been demonstrated that older @entity1 have decreased @entity1133 levels within the stratum corneum of the epidermis, whereas in @entity1 with @entity177 - despite dryness of the skin - as a paradox finding elevated levels of @entity1133 have been assessed in the stratum corneum. Because of this reason, the meaning of @entity1133 as part of the "natural moisturizing factors" system is not understood, until now. However, there are very promising results of clinical phase II studies showing a significant effect of topical application of 2.5% @entity534 hydrochlorid ointment - a semi-essential @entity535 - on improvement of dryness and, in particular, on improvement of @entity111 in haemodialysis @entity1 .

title: [ @entity111 and dryness of the skin in chronic kidney insufficiency and dialysis XXXX - a review].

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['uremic peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['terminal kidney insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic pruritus', 'uremic']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent research has suggested that the @entity1198 and Th2 chemokine/cytokine axis contributes to the development of chronic @entity56 ( @entity56 ). @entity697 ( @entity697 ) are significant factors in the prognosis of chronic @entity56 . Little is known, however, about these biomarkers in association with @entity697 in chronic @entity56 @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-six @entity1 with chronic @entity56 were evaluated, including 14 @entity1 during episodes of @entity697 . @entity1198 mediators (C-X-C chemokine ligand [ @entity371 and interferon [IFN]-y), Th2 mediators (C-C chemokine ligand [ @entity14420 , @entity3646 , and @entity4047 ), and pro-fibrotic mediator (transforming growth factor [TGF]-b) were measured to evaluate the mediators as predictors of @entity697 . @entity16952 (receptor for @entity14420 )-positive lymphocytes were quantified in lung specimens. RESULTS: Serum @entity14420 levels at baseline independently predicted the first episode of @entity697 (HR, 72.0; 95% CI, 5.03-1030.23; p   =   0.002). @entity697 was significantly more frequent in the higher- @entity14420 group (>= 285  pg/ml) than in the lower- @entity14420 group (<285  pg/ml) (log-rank test, p   =   0.0006; 1-year incidence: higher @entity14420 vs. lower @entity14420 , 14.3% vs. 0.0%). Serum @entity14420 levels and @entity16952 -positive cells during episodes of @entity697 were increased from the baseline (p   =   0.01 and 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: Higher serum concentrations of @entity14420 at baseline may be predictive of @entity697 in @entity1 with chronic @entity56 , and @entity14420 may contribute to the pathology of @entity697 by inducing the accumulation of @entity16952 -positive lymphocytes in the lungs.

title: Higher serum XXXX may be a promising predictor of acute exacerbations in chronic @entity56 .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute exacerbations', 'AE']

entities_list: @entity16952 :: ('1233', 'Gene') :: ['C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)4', 'CCR4']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['HP', 'hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

answer: @entity14420 :: (6361,Gene) :: ['CCL17']


abstract: Montelukast @entity1372 is a leukotriene inhibitor, and competitively antagonizes cys-LT1 receptor and used widely and effectively in treating @entity2023 , @entity565 and allied respiratory conditions. This case report outlines a rare case of montelukast induced @entity1007 , severe @entity2298 and acute @entity788 in a 22 years old male @entity1 . The @entity1 was taking 10  mg oral @entity5203 daily for @entity2023 . Although his symptoms improved considerably, after 2 months of therapy, he experienced unusual @entity1017 and got admitted with severe @entity158 abdomen. Clinical and other relevant investigation findings revealed the presence of acute @entity788 with associated @entity1007 and severe @entity2298 . There were no evidences of any other possible hereditary, surgical, metabolic, infective, organic or other pathologic causes giving rise to these conditions. De-challenge was done and the @entity1 was treated conservatively resulting in reversal of the diseased state. Naranjo @entity137 probability scale suggested that it was 'probable' that oral administration of montelukast was responsible for the acute @entity788 associated with @entity1007 and severe @entity2298 . There is only a singular and confirmed reported case of montelukast induced @entity2298 from India. For @entity1 taking montelukast for a long duration, routine lipid profile monitoring should be done, and if these @entity1 present with symptoms of epigastric and periumbilical @entity158 with @entity391 , provisions for screening acute @entity788 might be warranted.

title: A case of montelukast induced @entity1007 , severe XXXX and @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reaction']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity5203 :: ('MESH:C093875', 'Chemical') :: ['montelukast']

answer: @entity2298 :: (MESH:D015228,Disease) :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']


abstract: Incidence rates for @entity0 in situ (CIS) have increased markedly over the past 20 years. Breast CIS, detected primarily on mammography, now represents 30-45% of all screened detected @entity0 . We conducted a large population-based case-control study to evaluate the impact of reproductive factors and lactation on breast CIS risk. Case subjects were newly diagnosed with breast CIS at ages 35-64 years between @entity3490 , 1995 and May 31, 1998 (n = 567), resided in Los Angeles County and were born in the United States. Control subjects (n = 614), identified through random digit dialing, fulfilled the same eligibility criteria and were required to have had at least one screening mammogram in the 2-year period before their interview. @entity1 with a positive family history of @entity0 had a 2-fold increase in breast CIS risk. Parous @entity1 were at reduced risk relative to nulligravid @entity1 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46-1.00). Among nulliparous @entity1 , pregnancy was unrelated to breast CIS risk. Among parous @entity1 , risk declined with each additional term pregnancy (p-trend = 0.003). No associations were found with age at first term pregnancy, induced @entity2208 . Long duration of breast-feeding (> or =24 months) was associated with increased risk (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.11-3.60). The observed effects of family history and pregnancy on breast CIS risk are consistent with those observed for invasive @entity0 . The results for breast-feeding are contrary to what has been observed in studies of invasive @entity0 .

title: Impact of reproductive factors and lactation on XXXX in situ risk.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['abortion or miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: We compared temporal trends of total @entity349 ( @entity5332 ) in eggs of five seabird species breeding at Prince Leopold Island in the Canadian high Arctic. As changes in trophic position over time have the potential to influence contaminant temporal trends, @entity5332 concentrations were adjusted for trophic position (measured as   @entity13140 ). Adjusted @entity5332 concentrations in eggs of thick-billed murres ( @entity35993 ) and @entity35994 ( @entity35994 ) increased from 1975 to the 1990s, followed by a plateauing of levels from the 1990s to 2014. Trends of adjusted @entity5332 concentrations in eggs of murres, fulmars, black guillemots (Cepphus grylle) and black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) had negative slopes between 1993 and 2013. Adjusted @entity5332 concentrations in glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) eggs decreased by 50% from 1993 to 2003 before starting to increase again. Glaucous gull eggs had the highest @entity5332 concentrations followed by black guillemot eggs, and black-legged kittiwake eggs had the lowest concentrations consistently in the five years compared between 1993 and 2013. Based on published toxicological thresholds for @entity5332 in eggs, there is little concern for adverse reproductive effects due to @entity5332 exposure in these birds, although the levels in glaucous gull eggs warrant future scrutiny given the increase in @entity5332 concentrations observed in recent years. There is evidence that the @entity5332 trends observed reflect changing anthropogenic @entity5332 emissions. It remains unclear, however, to what extent exposure to @entity5332 on the overwintering grounds influences the @entity5332 trends observed in the seabird eggs at Prince Leopold Island. Future research should focus on determining the extent to which @entity5332 exposure on the breeding grounds versus the overwintering areas contribute to the trends observed in the eggs.

title: Temporal trends of XXXX in eggs of five sympatrically breeding seabird species in the Canadian Arctic.

entities_list: @entity35993 :: ('MESH:C537425', 'Disease') :: ['Uria lomvia']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity35994 :: ('30455', 'Species') :: ['Fulmarus glacialis', 'northern fulmars']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some @entity1 develop troublesome @entity1282 after laparoscopic antireflux surgery, and a proportion require further intervention. The management of this problem was evaluated. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent intervention for @entity1282 after laparoscopic fundoplication were identified from a database. Outcomes were prospectively determined from a standardized questionnaire that evaluated symptoms scores for @entity1282 for solids and liquids, as well as @entity1 satisfaction with the overall outcome. Outcomes 1 year after reintervention, and at the most recent follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: From 1994 to 2009, 121 (6.6%) of 1,821 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication for @entity354 also underwent endoscopic or surgical reintervention for @entity1282 . Of these 121 @entity1 , 56 underwent @entity384 , and 24 were satisfied with the outcome of dilatation; 18 progressed to surgery, and @entity1282 persisted in 14 of them. Overall, 83 @entity1 underwent revisional surgery, and 47 (62.7%) were satisfied with the outcome. Compared to @entity1 who did not undergo any intervention for @entity1282 , @entity1 who underwent reintervention had lower satisfaction scores and higher @entity1282 scores. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately two thirds of @entity1 with troublesome post-fundoplication @entity1282 have a satisfactory outcome following either @entity384 or revisional surgery. However, approximately one third continue to be troubled by symptoms, despite further intervention.

title: Outcome following management of XXXX after laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Medical @entity1 may benefit from anticoagulant prophylaxis of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ), but assessment of thrombotic risk is complex. I describe a method for estimating the minimum thrombotic risk required to ensure that a reasonable benefit-hazard ratio is maintained. METHODS: An equation was derived relating baseline @entity1211 risk and a minimum acceptable benefit-hazard ratio (R), defined as ' @entity358 ( @entity358 ) alone', ' @entity358 or symptomatic proximal @entity1150 ( @entity1150 )', or ' @entity358 or any symptomatic @entity1150 ' prevented per major @entity548 . The equation was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of @entity1031 required for net benefit (main outcome measure). The PREVENT study was the primary data source, backed by data from two meta-analyses. RESULTS: For R ranging from 3 to 10, the RR required for net beneficial prophylaxis was 6.5-21.6 ( @entity358 alone); 3.0-9.9 ( @entity358 or symptomatic proximal @entity1150 ); and 2.3-7.6 ( @entity358 or any symptomatic @entity1150 ), respectively. These RR are possible only in the presence of risk factors of high weighting. Sensitivity analysis showed that the findings were robust to changes in baseline assumptions related to @entity715 and @entity548 rates. CONCLUSION: A method for risk assessment for medical thromboprophylaxis has been developed. The results suggest that only a minority of medical @entity1 with high RR should receive prophylaxis.

title: Selection of medical XXXX for prophylaxis of @entity1211 based on analysis of the benefit-hazard ratio.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Due to the systemic nature of @entity1595 the clinical presentation may be highly variable. The diagnosis may therefore be unduly delayed. If untreated, @entity1595 is still potentially lethal. In contrast, the endoscopic findings as they are observed in the postbulbar small intestine and the light microscopic picture of small intestinal biopsies are almost pathognomonic. Out of a group of 18 @entity1 (14 male, 4 female, mean age = 45 yrs), 12 @entity1 were diagnosed using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and duodenal biopsy, while six @entity1 were diagnosed only by a small intestinal capsule biopsy. The clinical history prior to diagnosis lasted from 1 m to 22 yrs (mean = 3 yrs 6 m) in the first group and from 4 yrs to 21 yrs (mean = 12 yrs 6 m) in the second group. The endoscopic findings at the time of diagnosis were: @entity354 (1/12), erosive @entity3621 (4/12), @entity4726 (2/12), severe erosive bulbitis (3/10), pathognomonic post-bulbar duodenal lesions (9/12). In 20% of the @entity1 the @entity75 had disappeared 6 m after antibiotics while the lesions had disappeared in all cases 9 m after therapy, despite the fact that PAS positive macrophages remained present in the endoscopic biopsies for years. All @entity1 were treated with antibiotics (8 @entity803 alone, 4 @entity803 , @entity3639 and @entity114 , 6 @entity206 ). Five @entity1 (27%-4 of the @entity803 group) relapsed within 2 to 20 yrs after the initial diagnosis. Three of these @entity1 (3/5) had typical duodenal lesions on endoscopy at that time.

title: XXXX : the value of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the diagnosis and follow-up.

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic lesions']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity1595 :: ('MESH:D008061', 'Disease') :: ["Whipple's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity1595 :: (MESH:D008061,Disease) :: ['Whipple's disease']


abstract: Several studies have demonstrated that certain essential @entity1718 present a specific @entity137 for @entity5 cells. However, no investigation of this type has been performed on @entity1 @entity694 cells to date. This study investigated the effect of @entity18943 ( @entity9984 ), @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) and @entity3009 (PG) E1 on the proliferation and metabolism of three @entity1 @entity694 cell lines: HT 29, HRT 18, and CACO 2. @entity9984 , @entity8393 and @entity5015 all inhibited the proliferation of the three cell lines, but with a decreasing gradient of sensitivity: HRT 18 > HT 29 > CACO 2, and with different IC50 values. @entity5015 was markedly less effective than the other two. @entity9984 and @entity8393 increased lipid peroxidation and membrane fluidity in a dose-dependent manner. The presence of @entity3352 did not modify the effects of @entity9984 and @entity8393 . In addition, @entity5015 had little effect on membrane fluidity and lipid peroxidation. The antitumoral effect thus does not appear to be mediated by @entity5015 . Addition of @entity270 decreased the effects of @entity9984 and @entity8393 , which supports the hypothesis of direct action by these @entity1718 . In conclusion, while @entity8393 and @entity9984 have an antitumoral effect in vitro, their effect on primary cultures of normal @entity1 colon cells must be investigated to determine whether this effect is specific to tumoral cells, as has been observed for other cell types.

title: Effects of XXXX , @entity18943 and @entity5015 on three @entity1 @entity694 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity18943 :: ('MESH:D017965', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity7784 :: (MESH:D015118,Chemical) :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']


abstract: Parasites of the @entity2199 genus Anisakis are associated with aquatic organisms. They can be found in a variety of marine hosts including whales, crustaceans, fish and cephalopods and are known to be the cause of the @entity2927 , a painful @entity32 of the gastro-intestinal tract caused by the accidental consumptions of infectious larvae raw or semi-raw fishery products. Since the demand on fish as dietary protein source and the export rates of seafood products in general is rapidly increasing worldwide, the knowledge about the distribution of potential foodborne @entity1 pathogens in seafood is of major significance for @entity1 health. Studies have provided evidence that a few Anisakis species can cause clinical symptoms in @entity1 . The aim of our study was to interpolate the species range for every described Anisakis species on the basis of the existing occurrence data. We used sequence data of 373 Anisakis larvae from 30 different hosts worldwide and previously published molecular data (n=584) from 53 field-specific publications to model the species range of Anisakis spp., using a interpolation method that combines aspects of the alpha hull interpolation algorithm as well as the conditional interpolation approach. The results of our approach strongly indicate the existence of species-specific distribution patterns of Anisakis spp. within different climate zones and oceans that are in principle congruent with those of their respective final hosts. Our results support preceding studies that propose anisakid @entity2199 as useful biological indicators for their final host distribution and abundance as they closely follow the trophic relationships among their successive hosts. The modeling might although be helpful for predicting the likelihood of @entity281 in order to reduce the risk of @entity12590 cases in a given area.

title: Adaptive radiation within marine anisakid XXXX : a zoogeographical modeling of cosmopolitan, zoonotic parasites.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes']

entities_list: @entity12590 :: ('MESH:D017129', 'Disease') :: ['anisakiasis']

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic disease anisakiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematodes']


abstract: @entity6038 ( @entity6038 ) is a @entity66 caused by the loss of expression of paternally transcribed genes within chromosome 15q11-q13. Most cases are due to paternal deletion of this region; the remaining cases result from maternal @entity8882 ( @entity8882 ) and imprinting defects. To better understand the phenotypic variability of @entity6038 , a genotype-phenotype correlation study was performed in 91 @entity1 with @entity6038 . @entity1 were diagnosed by Southern Blot Methylation assay and genetic subtypes were established using FISH and microsatellite analyses. Fifty-nine subjects with deletion (31/28 males/females; mean age 3.86 years), 30 with @entity8882 (14/16 males/females; mean age 3.89 years) and 2 @entity1 with a presumed imprinting defect (mean age 0.43 yrs) were identified. For correlation purposes @entity1 were grouped as "deleted" and "non-deleted." An increased maternal age was found in the @entity8882 group. Four of Holm's criteria were more frequently present in the deleted group: need for special feeding techniques, @entity25 , @entity4182 , and speech articulation defects. Concerning cognitive assessments, only 9.52% of subjects with deletion had Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) > or =70, while 61.53% of subjects without deletion had FSIQ > or =70. Similar results were found in behavioral measures. @entity25 and @entity1735 metabolism were systematically assessed. Polysomnoghaphic studies revealed a higher frequency of central events with desaturations > or =10% in the deleted group (P = 0.020). In summary, the phenotype was significantly different between both groups in certain parameters related to the CNS. These results might be related to the differences in brain gene expression of the genetic subtypes.

title: Clinical-etiologic correlation in XXXX with @entity6038 ( @entity6038 ): an interdisciplinary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['PWS', 'Prader-Willi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8882 :: ('MESH:D024182', 'Disease') :: ['UPD', 'uniparental disomy']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disorders', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Complex biological processes are often regulated, at least in part, by the binding of transcription factors to their targets. Recently, considerable effort has been made to analyze the binding of relevant factors to the suite of targets they regulate, thereby generating a regulatory circuit map. However, for most studies the dynamics of binding have not been analyzed, and thus the temporal order of events and mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly understood. We globally analyzed in detail the temporal order of binding of several key factors involved in the salt response of @entity375 to their target genes. Analysis of @entity33276 and @entity33277 binding to their target genes revealed multiple temporal classes of binding patterns: (1) constant binding, (2) rapid induction, (3) slow induction, and (4) transient induction. These results demonstrate that individual transcription factors can have multiple binding patterns and help define the different types of temporal binding patterns used in eukaryotic gene regulation. To investigate these binding patterns further, we also analyzed the binding of seven other key transcription factors implicated in osmotic regulation, including @entity28424 , Msn1, @entity23763 , @entity28165 , @entity33278 , and @entity33279 , and found significant coassociation among the different factors at their gene targets. Moreover, the binding of several key factors was correlated with distinct classes of @entity33276 - and @entity33277 -binding patterns and with distinct types of genes. Gene expression studies revealed association of @entity33276 , @entity33277 , and other transcription factor-binding patterns with different gene expression patterns. The integration and analysis of binding and expression information reveals a complex dynamic and hierarchical circuit in which specific combinations of transcription factors target distinct sets of genes at discrete times to coordinate a rapid and important biological response.

title: Dynamic and complex transcription factor binding during an inducible response in XXXX .

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Admission of @entity1 with @entity159 ( @entity159 ) to the neurosciences intensive care unit (NICU) may improve management and outcomes compared to general ICUs. METHODS: We reviewed all @entity1 with @entity159 admitted to the NICU versus the Medical ICU in our institution between 2005 and 2008. We included only @entity1 with definite or probable @entity159 based on pre-defined criteria. We collected demographic and clinical data, including severity of admission scores and adjusted short-term outcomes for admission and management in the two ICUs. RESULTS: There were 168 visits in 151 @entity1 for definite or probable @entity159 , 46 (27 %) of which were in the NICU and 122 (73 %) in the MICU. APACHE II scores were significant higher in the MICU group (17.5 vs 13.4, p = 0.003) and age in the NICU (58.3 vs 51.5 years, p = 0.041). More continuous EEGs were ordered in the NICU (85 vs 30 %, p < 0.001), where fewer @entity1 were intubated, but more eventually tracheostomized. The NICU had a higher rate of complex partial @entity159 and more alert or somnolent @entity1 , whereas the MICU had a higher rate of generalized @entity159 and more stuporous or @entity772 @entity1 . Admission diagnoses also differed, with the NICU having higher rate of @entity64 and the MICU higher rate of toxometabolic etiologies (39 vs 12 % and 11 vs 21 %, p = 0.002). After adjustment, no difference was found in mortality, the ICU or hospital length of stay and modified Rankin score at discharge. CONCLUSION: @entity159 treatment revealed increased use of continuous EEG in NICU-admitted @entity1 , but without concomitant reduction in LOS or discharge outcomes compared to the MICU.

title: Management of XXXX in neurological versus medical intensive care unit: does it matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Normal hemodynamic features of the superior petrosal sinus and their relationships to the @entity14957 drainage from @entity2457 are not well known. We investigated normal hemodynamic features of the @entity14957 on cerebral angiography as well as the frequency and types of the @entity14957 drainage from CSDAVFs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 119 @entity1 who underwent cerebral angiography by focusing on visualization and hemodynamic status of the @entity14957 . We also reviewed selective angiography in 25 consecutive @entity1 with CSDAVFs; we were especially interested in the presence of drainage routes through the @entity14957 from CSDAVFs. RESULTS: In 119 @entity1 (238 sides), the @entity14957 was segmentally (anterior segment, 37 sides; posterior segment, 82 sides) or totally (116 sides) demonstrated. It was demonstrated on carotid angiography in 11 sides (4.6%), receiving blood from the basal vein of @entity50 , and on vertebral angiography in 235 sides (98.7%), receiving blood from the petrosal vein. No SPSs were demonstrated with venous drainage from the cavernous sinus. @entity14957 drainage was found in 7 of 25 @entity1 (28%) with CSDAVFs. CSDAVFs drained through the anterior segment of @entity14957 into the petrosal vein without draining to the posterior segment in 3 of 7 @entity1 (12%). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity14957 normally works as the drainage route receiving blood from the anterior cerebellar and brain stem venous systems. The variation of hemodynamic features would be related to the relatively lower frequency and 2 different types of @entity14957 drainage from CSDAVFs.

title: Superior petrosal sinus: hemodynamic features in normal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Rosenthal or sphenopetrosal sinus']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: The four WNK (with no @entity376 (K)) protein kinases affect ion balance and contain an unusual protein kinase domain due to the unique placement of the active site @entity376 . Mutations in two WNKs cause a heritable form of ion imbalance culminating in @entity101 . @entity26862 activates the serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase @entity15188 ; the mechanism is noncatalytic. @entity15188 increases membrane expression of the epithelial @entity1372 channel (ENaC) and @entity1372 reabsorption via phosphorylation and sequestering of the E3 ubiquitin ligase neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4-2 ( @entity12485 ), which otherwise promotes ENaC endocytosis. Questions remain about the intrinsic abilities of WNK family members to regulate this pathway. We find that expression of the N termini of all four WNKs results in modest to strong activation of @entity15188 . In reconstitution experiments in the same cell line all four WNKs also increase @entity1372 current blocked by the ENaC inhibitor @entity6478 . The N termini of the WNKs also have the capacity to interact with @entity15188 . More detailed analysis of activation by @entity22144 suggests mechanisms in common with @entity26862 . Further evidence for the importance of @entity26862 in this process comes from the ability of @entity12485 to bind to @entity26862 and the finding that endogenous @entity15188 has reduced activity if @entity26862 is knocked down by small interfering RNA.

title: @entity15188 and the epithelial XXXX channel are regulated by multiple with no @entity376 (WNK) family members.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Western-type high-fat/high- @entity165 diets used to induce atherogenesis in @entity1748 -deficient @entity19 also lead to @entity28 with concomitant metabolic complications, eg, @entity2298 , @entity3190 , and insulin resistance. Our aim was to design a diet inducing @entity731 through moderate @entity1007 without associated parameters of the @entity209 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Male @entity1748 -deficient @entity19 were fed regular chow (RC; 0.01% @entity165 /4.4% fat), @entity165 -enriched regular chow (HC; 1% @entity165 /4.4% fat), or Western diet ( @entity2360 0.06% @entity165 /21% milk fat) for 28 weeks. HC-feeding led to elevated plasma (approximately 20.7 mmol/L [800 mg/dL]) and LDL @entity165 and accelerated @entity731 . Plasma @entity1674 were unaffected. Compared with RC-fed controls, HC-fed @entity19 had normal body weight gain and normal fasting levels of @entity413 , free @entity1718 , and insulin. In contrast, @entity2360 -fed @entity19 were extremely @entity753 (>41.4 mmol/L), @entity28 , @entity6308 , @entity1717 , insulin resistant, and showed adverse health such as skin/fur @entity409 . Although @entity731 surface areas in the entire aorta were similar in HC-fed and @entity2360 -fed @entity19 , lesions in aortic origin cross sections were significantly larger in @entity2360 -fed @entity19 . However, morphology was similar in lesions of equal size. CONCLUSIONS: The HC diet induced moderate @entity1007 and extensive @entity731 and should be useful to study specific aspects of atherogenesis in the absence of confounding effects of the @entity209 .

title: A diet-induced @entity753 @entity19 model to study atherogenesis without XXXX and @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1748 :: ('16835(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['LDL receptor', 'low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity6308 :: ('MESH:D064250', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities and hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The effectiveness of adalimumab in the treatment of @entity31 is under debate. Although controlled trials have shown that adalimumab is significantly better than placebo, the absolute clinical benefit is modest. We report data on the effectiveness of adalimumab in a cohort of @entity31 @entity1 treated in 22 Italian centres. METHODS: All @entity1 with active disease treated with adalimumab were retrospectively reviewed. Co-primary endpoints were clinical remission at weeks 4, 12, 24 and 54. Secondary endpoints were sustained clinical remission, @entity134 discontinuation, endoscopic remission and need for colectomy. RESULTS: Eighty-eight @entity1 were included. Most @entity1 had received previous infliximab treatment. Clinical remission rates were 17%, 28.4%, 36.4% and 43.2% at 4, 12, 24 and 54 weeks respectively. Twenty-two @entity1 required colectomy. Clinical remission and low @entity1851 at week 12 predicted clinical remission at week 54 (OR 4.17, 95% CI 2.36-19.44; OR 2.63, 95% CI 2.32-14.94, respectively). Previous immunosuppressant use was associated with a lower probability of clinical remission at week 54 (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.08-0.66) and with a higher rate of colectomy (HR 9.7, 95% CI 1.46-9.07). CONCLUSION: In this large "real-life" experience adalimumab appears effective in @entity1 with otherwise medically refractory @entity31 . @entity1 achieving early remission can expect a better long-term outcome.

title: Adalimumab in active XXXX : a "real-life" observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Alternative splicing is a crucial step in the generation of protein diversity and its misregulation is observed in many @entity1 @entity5 types. By analyzing 143 colorectal samples using exon arrays, @entity26535 , a divalent cation transporter, was identified as being aberrantly spliced in @entity5 samples. @entity26535 contains two mutually exclusive exons 4A and 4B and the exon 4A/4B ratio was significantly altered in @entity652 (p = 3.6 * 10(-10)) and @entity5 (p = 9.4 * 10(-11)), independent of microsatellite stability status. The findings were validated in independent exon array data sets and by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Aberrant Wnt signaling is a hallmark of colorectal tumorigenesis and is characterized by nuclear @entity3546 . Experimental inactivation of Wnt signaling in DLD1 and Ls174T cells by knockdown of @entity3546 or overexpression of dominant negative TCFs ( @entity10467 and @entity15914 ) altered the 4A/4B ratio, indicating that @entity26535 splicing is regulated by the Wnt pathway. An altered 4A/4B ratio was also observed in @entity356 where Wnt signaling is also known to be aberrantly activated. The splicing factor @entity19593 and its regulator, the kinase @entity26536 , were found to be deregulated upon Wnt inactivation in @entity14 cells. @entity26536 was also found up-regulated in both @entity652 samples (p = 1.5 * 10(-5)) and @entity5 samples (p = 5 * 10(-4)). In silico splicing factor binding analysis predicted @entity19593 to bind predominantly to the @entity5 associated exon 4B, hence, it was hypothesized that @entity26536 activates @entity19593 through phosphorylation, followed by @entity19593 binding to exon 4B and regulation of @entity26535 splicing. Indeed, siRNA-mediated knockdown of @entity26536 and @entity19593 in DLD1 and SW480 @entity14 cells led to a change in the 4A/4B isoform ratio, supporting a role of these factors in the regulation of @entity26535 splicing. In conclusion, alternative splicing of @entity26535 was identified in @entity14 and found to be regulated by the Wnt pathway, most likely through regulation of @entity26536 and @entity19593 .

title: Alternative splicing of XXXX in @entity14 is regulated by the Wnt pathway.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal tumors', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity26535 :: (23516,Gene) :: ['SLC39A14']


abstract: AIMS: To measure macular choroidal thickness in healthy and @entity735 using spectral-domain scanning laser ophthalmoscopy/optical coherence tomography. METHODS: @entity3193 was measured in 21 healthy eyes and 16 @entity735 . @entity3193 was measured under the fovea and at 500-  m intervals from the foveal center to 4 mm in the nasal and temporal directions. Vessels were counted in a macular area of 8,000   m(2). Only choroidal vessels with a horizontal diameter of at least 155   m and a vertical diameter of at least 50   m were considered. RESULTS: The mean choroidal thickness was greatest below the fovea, i.e. 343.8   m (SD    29.06) in controls and 411.56   m (SD    33.60; p < 0.001) in the glaucomatous group. The mean vertical diameter was significantly greater (p = 0.008) in @entity735 (112.18    37.64   m) than in healthy eyes (103.98    25.67   m), whereas the luminal area of vessels was significantly larger (p = 0.3) in @entity735 (39,157.34    21,657.23   m(2)) than in healthy eyes (43,779.84    22,874.87   m(2)). CONCLUSIONS: We show that choroidal thickness is increased in @entity735 due to an increase in both the vertical diameter and the luminal area of the vessels. This seems to implicate the choroid in the pathogenesis of @entity1538 .

title: @entity3193 in XXXX measured by spectral-domain scanning laser ophthalmoscopy/optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['Choroidal thickness']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: Cigarette smoking rates remain remarkably high in @entity161 relative to smoking in other @entity146 groups. Impairments in the reward system may be related to elevated rates of @entity1239 @entity734 and lower cessation rates in this @entity146 group. Smokers with @entity161 and @entity914 ( @entity1807 ; n=15; M(age)=54.87, S.D.=6.51, 100% male) and a non- @entity146 control group of smokers ( @entity4049 ; n=16; M(age)=50.38, S.D.=11.52; 93.8% male) were administered a computerized signal detection task to measure reward-based learning. Performance on the signal detection task was assessed by response bias, discriminability, reaction time, and hit rate. Clinician-assessed and self-reported measures of smoking and @entity146 symptoms were completed. @entity1807 exhibited similar patterns of reward-based learning compared to control smokers. However, decreased reward-based learning was associated with increased levels of @entity1239 @entity734 in @entity1807 , but not among control smokers. @entity1239 withdrawal and urge to smoke were correlated with @entity4270 within the @entity1807 group. Among @entity1807 , reduced reward responsiveness and increased @entity4270 were associated with and may contribute to greater co-occurring @entity1239 @entity734 . These findings emphasize the importance of targeting reward system functioning in smoking cessation treatment for individuals with @entity161 .

title: The relationship between reward-based learning and @entity1239 XXXX in smokers with @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations between intake of different types of dietary fat and plasma levels of oxidative stress and endothelial activation markers in @entity1 . METHODS: For that purpose, a complete physical and metabolic profile was assessed. Dietary habits of subjects were determined with a 3-d food record. We also measured fasting plasma @entity7707 and oxidized low-density lipoprotein concentrations and soluble forms of @entity4725 ( @entity2071 (sICAM-1), and @entity4105 . All these measurements were performed with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and standards. RESULTS: We found that a high total dietary fat intake was associated with high plasma sICAM-1 (r = 0.40, P < 0.005), sVCAM-1 (r = 0.31, P < 0.05), and @entity4105 (r = 0.28, P < 0.05) levels. We also found that in @entity1 matched for plasma @entity1674 levels, those consuming a diet rich in total fat (>105 g/d, n = 21) were characterized by higher circulating levels of sICAM-1 (P < 0.05) and @entity4105 (P < 0.05) compared with @entity1674 -matched individuals with a low total dietary fat intake (<105 g/d, n = 21). However, no significant difference was noted in plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels between groups. Further, we conducted multivariate analyses and found that @entity10194 intake was the only dietary variable after inclusion of other dietary variables that contributed to circulating sICAM-1 (P < 0.05) and sVCAM-1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that high dietary fat consumption is associated with endothelial activation in @entity1 and that this detrimental effect is likely attributable to the @entity10194 content of the diet.

title: Associations between hypertriglyceridemia, dietary fat intake, oxidative stress, and endothelial activation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity7707 :: ('MESH:C075750', 'Chemical') :: ['8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha']

entities_list: @entity10194 :: ('CHEBI:26607', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['sVCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is a @entity74 and becoming a leading cause of @entity82 in the western world. The monitoring of the disease is challenging and the prognostic importance of @entity160 ( @entity160 ) level elevation in @entity1561 remains uncertain. METHODS: Eighty-four @entity1 were evaluated in the study. @entity1 with evidence of @entity1560 in an abdominal ultrasonography performed for any reason were enrolled in the study. Degree of @entity1560 was graded into three groups. As a control group, @entity1 without @entity1560 or other @entity409 were included. All @entity1 and controls were asked about prior @entity99 , consumption of @entity167 , smoking, drug use, and a physical examination, biochemical analyses including liver function tests, different components of the @entity209 , and the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score were also performed. RESULTS: Body mass index, @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity493 aminotransferase, @entity413 , insulin, and HOMA-IR in @entity1 with @entity1561 were higher than in control group. @entity412 , total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels were higher in @entity1561 group than in control group. A statistically significant increase in @entity160 levels was noted in @entity1 with @entity1561 (4.09      1.68) when compared with healthy controls (2.95      0.41) (P  <  0.05). A statistically significant increase in @entity160 levels was noted in @entity1 with grade 3 @entity1561 (5.43      1.51) when compared with grade 1 (2.92      1.06) and grade 2 @entity1561 groups (3.97      1.45). Also, @entity160 was significantly higher in grade 2 @entity1561 group than in grade 1 @entity1561 group. @entity160 was correlated with @entity1561 grade, but neither ALT nor AST showed correlation. According to multivariate analysis, correlation between @entity1561 grade and serum @entity160 levels was independent from the other factors. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1561 have higher @entity160 levels than those without @entity1560 changes. @entity160 levels rise as grade of @entity1560 increases. @entity1561 should be among the differential diagnosis of elevated serum @entity160 levels.

title: Serum XXXX levels in @entity1560 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['common disorder']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity160 :: (174,Gene) :: ['a-fetoprotein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vulvar @entity241 is a rare @entity5 of intermediate grade @entity5 , with a tendency for local recurrence, and rarely metastasizes. Management should be multidisciplinary. This is a report of an apparently benign vulvar mass with delayed diagnosis of @entity241 . CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of a @entity5 lasting 16 years, although several gynecological procedures and a total laparoscopic hysterectomy had been performed two years before. During this long period the lesion did not change morphological features and remained asymptomatic. Only a benign vulvar mass was diagnosed. Then, the swelling became evident showing erythematous skin with an aspect of "peau d'orange", leading the @entity1 to consult a specialist. A firm @entity4 was observed in the anterior third of right labia majora continuing with about 3 cm of cord on top, quite movable above the underlying tissue but not on the overlying tissue. A wide excision was performed. The pathological examination showed positive margins. One month later an extensive deeper excision was performed. Histology confirmed a diagnosis of @entity241 . Immunohistochemistry was strongly positive for @entity2280 . CONCLUSION: Vulvar lesions always require complete pathologic examination even in case of features of @entity5 to exclude a @entity241 . The role of the pathologist is essential to ensure negative microscopic margins and to avoid local recurrence.

title: An apparently benign vulvar mass: possibly a rare XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor', 'vulvar tumor', 'fibrous tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar swelling']

entities_list: @entity241 :: ('MESH:D018223', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar dermatofibrosarcoma', 'dermatofibrosarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:     Several studies have described volumetric @entity75 in first-episode @entity716 . The extent to which these differ in @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity6406 , or are related to subsequent clinical outcome, is unclear. We examined volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in young @entity1 with a first episode of @entity716 , and compared these @entity854 in @entity1 with @entity161 versus @entity716 . We then assessed whether baseline MRI abnormalities in the entire sample predicted subsequent clinical outcome. METHODS:     A total of 28 adolescent @entity1 with first-episode @entity716 and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers were scanned using a 1.5 T scanner. MRI data were processed and analysed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). We assessed clinical outcome three years after the initial scan. RESULTS:     @entity1 had smaller grey matter (GM) volumes than controls in frontal, insular, parietal, and cerebellar cortex. @entity1 with an @entity716 had greater GM volume in the right posterior cingulate than both controls and @entity1 with @entity161 , but less GM volume in the left cerebellum and insula. In the sample as a whole, smaller right hippocampus GM volume was associated with poor clinical outcome at three-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:     Volumetric @entity75 are evident in young adults presenting with a first episode of both @entity6406 and @entity161 , but there are also significant differences between these two @entity1 groups. Clinical outcome after the first episode may be related to the severity of @entity854 at presentation.

title: @entity75 in first-episode XXXX : differences between @entity6406 and @entity161 and relationship to clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['volumetric abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['affective psychosis', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity6406 :: ('MESH:D000341', 'Disease') :: ['affective psychoses']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-operative @entity148 is common and may have significant impact on the post-operative recovery of the @entity1 . Theatre nurse visits before surgery has been shown to reduce @entity1 's @entity148 following general surgery. AIM: To investigate the effect of pre-operative visits and counselling by @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) nurses on @entity1 's @entity148 following carotid endarterectomy. METHODS: This is an open-label and randomized clinical trial. @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy were divided into study (n=60) and control group (n=60). For the study group, in addition to routine pre-operational counselling by the surgeons, @entity1213 nurses visited the @entity1 and provided a structured counselling the day before surgery. For the control group, only routine pre-operative counselling was provided. Anxiety levels were assessed by Zung self-rating @entity148 scale (SAS) the day before surgery and on the day after being discharged from @entity1213 to the ward. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable in age, sex, surgical methods, and duration of @entity1213 stays. Following the surgery, the mean SAS score in the control group increased from 50.5  5.4 to 58.5  7.3 (p=0.03), whereas the mean SAS score in the study group reduced from 51.5  4.3 to 45.1  6.5 (p=0.02). The proportion of @entity1 with @entity148 in the control group was higher than in the study group following the surgery (58.3% vs. 33.3%, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative visits and counselling by @entity1213 nurses could reduce @entity1 's @entity148 following carotid endarterectomy.

title: Pre-operative education and counselling are associated with XXXX following carotid endarterectomy: a randomized and open-label study.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety levels', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['reduced anxiety symptoms']