abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of @entity5484 ( @entity5484 ) and its relationship to the content of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) in livers of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) @entity35 fed a fat-rich diet. METHODS: To produce a @entity1561 model, a fat-rich diet, consisting of 10% lard oil + 2% @entity165 , was given to @entity35 for a period of 8, 12, 16 and 24 weeks. The normal control @entity35 were fed normal diets. The expressions of @entity5484 in the liver were detected by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The content of @entity855 of liver was measured by fluorometry. RESULTS: @entity1560 were observed in the model group after 8 weeks. From 12 week to 24 week, the livers of the model group @entity35 gradually progressed from simple @entity1560 to @entity1560 with pericellular @entity82 . Both immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitive RT-PCR suggested the up-regulated expression of @entity5484 in these @entity1561 @entity35 livers. The hepatic expression of @entity5484 mRNA in the model group was increased with time, and peaked in 24 week by 4.2 times compared to the control group ( t = 16.474, P < 0.01). The @entity855 content of livers was significantly reduced in the model group compared with the control group at 16 weeks [(2.97+/-0.48) x 10(-8) micromol/g vs. (2.25+/-0.55) x 10(-8) micromol/g, t = 2.419, P < 0.05] and 24 weeks [(2.97+/-0.48) x 10(-8) micromol/g vs. (1.99+/-0.66) x 10(-8) micromol/g, t = 3.248, P < 0.01]. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the @entity5484 mRNA expression and the content of @entity855 in the livers of the @entity1561 group (r = -0.93, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity35 model of @entity1561 could be replicated sucessfully by feeding a fat-rich diet for 24 weeks, and the mRNA and its protein of @entity5484 were expressed un-regulated in livers of @entity1561 . The increasing @entity5484 might play a role in the reduction of @entity855 content in livers of the @entity1561 @entity35 .

title: [Expression of @entity5484 and its relationship to the content of XXXX in the nonalcoholic fatty livers of @entity35 fed a high-fat diet].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Simple fatty livers', 'steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['adenosine triphosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity85 Society (MSTS) scoring system is a widely used functional evaluation tool for @entity1 treated for @entity85 . Although the MSTS scoring system has been validated in English and Brazilian Portuguese, a Japanese version of the MSTS scoring system has not yet been validated. QUESTIONS/PURPOSE: We sought to determine whether a Japanese-language translation of the MSTS scoring system for the lower extremity had (1) sufficient reliability and internal consistency, (2) adequate construct validity, and (3) reasonable criterion validity compared with the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) and SF-36 using psychometric analysis. METHODS: The Japanese version of the MSTS scoring system was developed using accepted guidelines, which included translation of the English version of the MSTS into Japanese by five native Japanese bilingual musculoskeletal oncology surgeons and integrated into one document. One hundred @entity1 with a diagnosis of intermediate or malignant @entity2721 located in the lower extremity and who had undergone @entity5 resection with or without reconstruction or amputation participated in this study. Reliability was evaluated by test-retest analysis, and internal consistency was established by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Construct validity was evaluated using the principal factor analysis and Akaike information criterion network. Criterion validity was evaluated by comparing the MSTS scoring system with the TESS and SF-36. RESULTS: Test-retest analysis showed a high intraclass correlation coefficient (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.95), indicating high reliability of the Japanese version of the MSTS scoring system, although a considerable ceiling effect was observed, with 23 @entity1 (23%) given the maximum score. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82-0.90), suggesting a high level of internal consistency. Factor analysis revealed that all items had high loading values and communalities; we identified a central role for the items "walking" and "gait" according to the Akaike information criterion network. The total MSTS score was correlated with that of the TESS (r = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87; p < 0.001) and the physical component summary and physical functioning of the SF-36. CONCLUSIONS: The Japanese-language translation of the MSTS scoring system for the lower extremity has sufficient reliability and reasonable validity. Nevertheless, the observation of a ceiling effect suggests poor ability of this system to discriminate from among @entity1 who have a high level of function.

title: Reliability and Validity of a Japanese-language and Culturally Adapted Version of the XXXX Society Scoring System for the Lower Extremity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal tumors', 'Musculoskeletal Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bone or soft tissue tumors']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Musculoskeletal Tumor']


abstract: @entity14190 ( @entity14190 ) retards DNA breakdown characteristic of programmed cell @entity204 (apoptosis) and promotes survival in erythroid progenitor cells. The mechanism by which @entity14190 inhibits programmed @entity204 is unknown. In the well-characterized model of glucocorticoid-treated thymocytes, activation of a @entity141 / @entity1025 -sensitive endonuclease and new protein and RNA syntheses have been found necessary for apoptosis. We examined the effects of @entity14190 on the free intracellular @entity460 ion concentration ([ @entity141 ]i), and the roles of @entity141 and RNA and protein syntheses on DNA cleavage in erythroid progenitor cells. The @entity19 model of @entity1778 virus-infected proerythroblasts (FVA cells) was used. @entity14190 did not affect the [ @entity141 ]i in FVA cells. Decreasing [ @entity141 ]i by extracellular @entity141 chelation with EGTA facilitated DNA breakdown. Increasing [ @entity141 ]i with the @entity460 ionophore @entity29509 increased DNA cleavage; however, DNA fragments generated by high [ @entity141 ]i were much larger than those seen in the absence of @entity14190 or presence of EGTA. Increased [ @entity141 ]i also inhibited DNA breakdown to small oligonucleosomal fragments characteristic of cells cultured without @entity14190 . However, no concentration of ionophore protected the high molecular weight DNA as did @entity14190 . @entity1880 inhibited DNA breakdown in a dose dependent manner in cultures lacking @entity14190 , but two other protein synthesis inhibitors, @entity6919 and @entity5808 , did not prevent DNA breakdown. Inhibition of RNA synthesis with @entity4316 did not prevent DNA breakdown. Cells with morphological characteristics similar to those reported in other cells undergoing programmed @entity204 accumulated in @entity14190 -derived cultures. These studies demonstrate that although DNA cleavage and morphological changes are common to apoptotic cells, the roles for @entity141 and protein and RNA syntheses are not universal and suggest that apoptosis can be regulated by different biochemical mechanisms in different cell types.

title: Regulation of programmed @entity204 in erythroid progenitor cells by XXXX : effects of @entity460 and of protein and RNA syntheses.

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin']

entities_list: @entity6919 :: ('MESH:D010142', 'Chemical') :: ['pactamycin']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['erythroid differentiation using Friend leukemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity14190 :: (13856(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: During a 10-year period 1,050 medical students were questioned regarding @entity566 and @entity566 -like symptoms and 612 of them underwent skin prick tests with @entity235 , cat, timothy and birch allergens. Symptoms of @entity484 , @entity565 or non-infectious @entity2490 , past or current, or current reactions to pollen, furred animals, dust, mould or food were reported by 46% of the students. Three per cent reported present @entity484 of the flexure type and a further 8% reported past symptoms of the same kind. Current contact e zema was reported by 7% and past @entity5526 by a further 3%. Daily treatment with ointments was reported by 52% of the students with current flexure @entity484 and by 17% with current @entity5526 . Current @entity565 was reported by 5% and past @entity565 by a further 3%. Of those with current @entity565 , 88% were @entity2023 and/or furred animals and 57% used anti-asthmatic drugs for at least 2 weeks/year. Current @entity56 in the nose and/or eyes were reported by 29% and a further 2% reported past symptoms. Of those with current symptoms 64% were @entity2023 and/or furred animals, as judged by the history and skin tests. Almost 60% of the students with pollen @entity566 used anti-allergic drugs for at least 2 weeks/year. @entity2023 was reported by 17%, to animals by 12%, to house dust by 10%, to moulds by 2% and to foods by 15%. @entity566 reported and confirmed by a prick test was found in 8% against birch, 6% against timothy, 10% against cat and 5% against @entity235 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity566 and XXXX -like symptoms in 1,050 medical students.

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic to pollens', 'Allergy to pollens']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['contact eczema']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The pathogenesis of @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ) is incompletely understood. @entity409 has been implicated and may result in increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability with leakage of blood constituents into the vessel wall and white matter. We used contrast-enhanced MRI to determine whether there was any evidence for BBB permeability in the white matter of @entity1 with @entity6249 , and whether this was present not only in areas of leucoaraiosis (white-matter lesions) but also in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). METHODS: Subjects underwent T1 volumetric MRI before and after bolus injection of contrast. Scanning was continued for 30 min postinjection to determine the contrast-enhancement time course. The mean signal intensity change was plotted against time to calculate the area under the curve values, a parameter related to BBB permeability. Automated brain segmentation and regions of interest analysis were performed to determine 'permeability' in different brain compartments. RESULTS: Compared with controls (n=15), the @entity6249 @entity1 group (n=24) had signal changes consistent with increased BBB permeability in NAWM (p=0.033). Multivariate regression analyses identified leucoaraiosis grade as an independent predictor of these permeability related signal changes in NAWM after adjustment for age, gender, weight, brain volume, area under the curve in the internal carotid arteries and cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for increased BBB permeability in @entity6249 , and this is particularly seen in @entity6249 with leucoaraiosis. Its presence in NAWM would be consistent with it playing a causal role in disease pathophysiology.

title: Blood-brain barrier permeability is increased in normal-appearing white matter in XXXX with lacunar stroke and leucoaraiosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['SVD', 'cerebral small-vessel disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Lymphocyte subsets of the peripheral blood in 43 @entity1 with @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) were determined by two-color flow cytometry using a number of monoclonal antibodies. In the @entity1737 @entity1 without thymectomy (Tx) and @entity617 (PSL) treatment, lymphocyte counts, B-cells, @entity404 + cells and their subsets were normal, but numbers of T-cells, @entity405 + cells and @entity405 + CD 11-subsets were significantly decreased. Furthermore, proportions of activated cells in T-cells, @entity4071 + @entity4755 - and @entity4071 + @entity4755 + NK subsets were significantly high in the @entity1 . The changes in T-cells, @entity405 + cells and activated T-cells were less marked in the @entity1737 @entity1 than Sj  @entity244 ( @entity244 ) used as a disease control. Contrary to @entity1737 @entity1 , lymphocyte counts, @entity404 + cells and their subsets were decreased, and the proportions of B-cells were high in @entity244 @entity1 . These results suggest altered immunologic conditions, immunologically active and deficient conditions, in both diseases, although the alterations were more prominent in @entity244 than @entity1737 . PSL treatments and Tx significantly altered the lymphocyte profiles: PSL decreased lymphocytes, B-cells, T-cells, @entity404 + cells and their subsets, while the proportions of @entity405 + cells were increased. The changes were compatible with the known immunosuppressive effects of PSL. After Tx, lymphocytes and B-cells decreased, but the proportions of T-cells, @entity405 + cells and their subsets, and NK cells subsets returned toward normal. @entity404 + @entity405 + cells were not increased in @entity1737 @entity1 , and the cells did not decrease after Tx. Some of these observations might be relevant to clinical effects of Tx, although the mechanism responsible for these changes is still unknown.

title: Lymphocyte subsets of the peripheral blood in XXXX determined by two-color flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["gren's syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the diagnosis and response to treatment of @entity7364 in a 25-year-old female vocalist following an auto accident. CLINICAL FEATURES: The @entity1740 and neck @entity158 appeared after the traumatic incident. Examination of the cervical spine revealed moderate @entity925 and restricted joint motion at @entity31310 on the left side. Cervical range of motion was reduced on @entity717 . Bilateral manual muscle testing of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, which share innervation with the laryngeal muscles by way of the spinal accessory nerve, were weak on the left side. Pre and post accident voice range profiles (phonetograms) that measure singing voice quality were examined. The pre- and post-accident phonetograms revealed significant reduction in voice intensity and fundamental frequency as measured in decibels and hertz. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: Low-force chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to @entity31310 was employed. Following a course of care, the @entity1 's singing voice returned to normal, as well as a resolution of her musculo- skeletal complaints. CONCLUSION: It appears that in certain cases, the singing voice can be adversely affected if neck or head @entity130 is severe enough. This case proposes that @entity130 with @entity146 to the cervical spine nerve roots as they communicate with the spinal accessory, and in turn the laryngeal nerves, may be contributory in some functional @entity1740 or @entity121 dysphonia.

title: Chiropractic care for a @entity1 with XXXX associated with cervical spine @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tension']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['spasmodic dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['left rotation']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['pain, muscle spasm']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice disorders', 'voice disorder']

answer: @entity7364 :: (MESH:D055154,Disease) :: ['spasmodic dysphonia']


abstract: 1. Exposure of @entity840 to aerosols of platelet activating factor ( @entity5567 ) (0.01 to 100 micrograms ml-1) induced a dose-dependent increased incidence of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) at 48 h. Total leucocyte numbers and the percentages of lymphocytes and neutrophils were unchanged in BAL fluid. 2. Increased numbers of eosinophils were detected in BAL 1 h after exposure to @entity5567 but @entity1712 was not maximal until 48 h. One week after exposure to @entity5567 , the percentage of eosinophils in BAL was within the normal range. 3. Depletion of circulating platelets or neutrophils by intravenous injection of specific antisera did not modify accumulation of eosinophils in the airway lumen following inhalation of @entity5567 (10 micrograms ml-1). 4. @entity5567 -induced pulmonary airway eosinophil accumulation was inhibited by treatment with @entity30574 , a selective @entity5567 -antagonist, whether the compound was administered before, or 30 min after, inhalation of @entity5567 . 5. Pulmonary airway eosinophil accumulation due to inhaled @entity5567 (10 micrograms ml-1) was inhibited by prior treatment with @entity3416 , @entity9992 , @entity6850 , @entity619 and AH 21-132. 6. Pulmonary airway eosinophil accumulation due to inhaled @entity5567 (10 micrograms ml-1) was not inhibited by prior treatment with @entity3352 , @entity3045 or @entity8765 .

title: Eosinophil accumulation in pulmonary airways of XXXX induced by exposure to an aerosol of platelet-activating factor: effect of anti-asthma drugs.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['mepyramine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['cromoglycate']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity6850 :: ('MESH:D007665', 'Chemical') :: ['ketotifen']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pigs']


abstract: PURPOSE: The long-term clinical course of unselected @entity1 with @entity7581 as well as other functional @entity788 ( @entity788 ) in whom the excess-hormone state is controlled is largely unknown. To address this issue, @entity1 with @entity7581 were assessed. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two hundred twelve @entity1 with @entity8579 ( @entity8579 ) were prospectively studied. All had controlled acid hypersecretion and were assessed yearly, with a mean follow-up period of 13.8+/-0.6 years (range, 0.1 to 31 years). Annual assessments of possible factors that might affect prognosis or treatment approaches were performed, such as those for @entity5 size and location; the presence, location, and extent of @entity3 ; and the occurrence of ectopic @entity699 or another PET syndrome. Deaths were categorized as @entity8579 -related or non- @entity8579 -related and classified into different causes. RESULTS: Thirty-one percent of @entity1 died, all of non-acid-related causes. One half died of a @entity8579 -related cause; they differed from those who died of non- @entity8579 deaths by having a large @entity5 , more frequently a @entity788 ; lymph node, liver, or bone @entity3 ; ectopic @entity699 ; or higher @entity8243 levels. The extent of liver @entity3 correlated with survival rate. The presence of liver @entity3 alone only moderately decreased survival time; however, the additional development of bone @entity3 or ectopic @entity699 markedly decreased survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity8579 , @entity7581 growth is now the main single determinant of long-term survival, with one half of @entity1 dying a @entity204 and none an acid-related @entity204 . Large @entity5 that are pancreatic in location, the development of liver @entity3 , (especially if associated with bone @entity3 or @entity699 ), and the extent of liver @entity3 are all important prognostic factors. The identification of these factors allows the recognition of subgroups that can be used to tailor antitumor treatment approaches.

title: Prospective study of the clinical course, prognostic factors, causes of @entity204 , and survival in XXXX with long-standing @entity8579 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic endocrine tumors', 'PETs', 'pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome', 'ZES']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma-related death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma', 'gastrinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Embryogenesis in flowering plants is controlled by a complex interplay of genetic, biochemical, and physiological regulators. LEAFY COTYLEDON2 ( @entity31042 ) is among a small number of key transcriptional regulators that are known to play important roles in controlling major events during the maturation stage of embryogenesis, notably, the synthesis and accumulation of storage reserves. @entity31042 overexpression causes vegetative tissues to change their developmental fate to an embryonic state; however, little information exists about the cellular changes that take place. We show that @entity31042 alters leaf morphology and anatomy and causes embryogenic structures to form subcellularly in leaves of @entity958 ( @entity958 ). Chloroplasts accumulate more starch, the cytoplasm fills with oil bodies, and lytic vacuoles (LVs) appear smaller in size and accumulate protein deposits. Because @entity31042 is responsible for activating the synthesis of seed storage proteins (SSPs) during seed development, SSP accumulation was investigated in leaves. The major @entity958 SSP families were shown to accumulate within small leaf vacuoles. By exploiting the developmental and tissue-specific localization of two tonoplast intrinsic protein isoforms, the small leaf vacuoles were identified as protein storage vacuoles (PSVs). Confocal analyses of leaf vacuoles expressing fluorescently labeled tonoplast intrinsic protein isoforms reveal an altered tonoplast morphology resembling an amalgamation of a LV and PSV. Results suggest that as the LV transitions to a PSV, the tonoplast remodels before the large vacuole lumen is replaced by smaller PSVs. Finally, using vegetative and seed markers to monitor the transition, we show that @entity31042 induces a reprogramming of leaf development.

title: Following vegetative to embryonic cellular changes in leaves of XXXX overexpressing LEAFY COTYLEDON2.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The effect of @entity2644 pretreatment of kidneys then damaged by warm @entity63 was investigated. The @entity63 was inflicted on @entity95 kidneys by renal arterial occlusion of 1 1/2 and 3 hours' duration after contralateral nephrectomy. Pretreatment with @entity2644 , 3.5 mg/kg, was given intravenously before arterial clamping. I-125 Hippuran renography was performed before clamping, immediately after clamp release, and at 2, 4, 6, and 14 days later. Serum @entity1011 and survival rate were followed. Comparison with untreated control groups was made. The effect on tubular function was investigated by measuring I-125 Hippuran uptake in pretreated slices of renal cortex (compared with untreated contralateral kidney) 48 hr after circulation was restored to the @entity63 kidney. @entity2644 pretreatment improved recovery from @entity63 damage: the renograms showed improved Hippuran uptake after clamp removal, and return to normal was faster. Survival rate after 3 hr of @entity63 increased from 1/10 to 6/10 in the pretreated group, and serum @entity1011 recovered earlier. Hippuran uptake in slices of cortex showed no significant improvement because of pretreatment. It is concluded that the beneficial effect of @entity2644 pretreatment must be because of decreased vascular resistance, leading to long-lasting @entity101 .

title: Renographic evaluation of kidney preservation with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased postischemic renal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine', 'Chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2644 :: (MESH:D002746,Chemical) :: ['chlorpromazine']


abstract: Assisted reproduction may be associated with repeated occasions of surgical intervention. @entity1875 , which is frequently used for induction of anaesthesia in such procedures, has been suspected of damaging oocytes. We compared in a randomized prospective design the use of general anaesthesia with @entity3575 0.017 mg/kg, @entity1875 2.5 mg/kg and @entity5161 to that of sedation with @entity1363 0.06 mg/kg and @entity3652 0.75 mg/kg for transvaginal oocyte retrieval in 50 @entity1 with no premedication. Overall, @entity1 satisfaction was not different between the groups. Sedated @entity1 were more arousable than anaesthetized @entity1 during the procedure and experienced less postoperative @entity490 at 30 min. Despite some movement in response to @entity158 , oocyte retrieval was conveniently feasible in all sedated @entity1 , of which none required a switch to general anaesthesia. A comparable number of oocytes was retrieved per cycle, 10.8 (+/-7.8) versus 9.6 (+/-10.9) with sedation and anaesthesia respectively. No @entity1 recalled any @entity158 sensation during the procedure. The rate of embryo transfers and pregnancies were not different between the two groups. We conclude that the sedative combination of @entity1363 and @entity3652 for oocyte retrieval may serve as an alternative for general anaesthesia.

title: @entity1363 / @entity3652 sedative combination compared with @entity3575 / @entity1875 / XXXX anaesthesia for oocyte retrieval.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: Immobilizing freezing responses are associated with @entity148 and may be etiologically related to several @entity148 . Although recent studies have sought to investigate the underlying mechanisms in freezing responses that are so problematic in many forms of @entity148 , cognitive factors related to @entity148 have not been investigated. This study was designed to investigate the potential moderating role of a well-documented cognitive vulnerability to @entity148 , the Looming Cognitive Style (i.e., LCS; Riskind et al., 2000), which assesses the extent to which individuals tend to routinely interpret ambiguous threats (e.g., physical or social threats) in a biased manner as approaching. We assessed @entity1 ' Reaction Times (RTs) when they made judgments about images of animals that differed in threat valence (threat or neutral) and motion direction (approach or recede). As expected, LCS for concerns about the approach of physical dangers appeared to moderate freeze reactions. Individuals who were high on this LCS factor tended to generally exhibit a freeze-response (slower RTs) and this was independent of the threat valence or motion direction of the animals. These general freezing reactions were in stark contrast to those of individuals who were low on the LCS factor for concerns about the approach of physical dangers. These @entity1 tended to exhibit more selective and functional freezing responses that occurred only to threatening animals with approach motion; they did not exhibit freezing to neutral stimuli or any stimuli with receding motion. These findings did not appear to be explicable by a general slowing of RTs for the @entity1 with high LCS. Moreover, the LCS factor for concerns about social threats (such as rejection or embarrassment) was not related to differences in freezing; there was also no additional relationship of freezing to behavioral inhibition scores on the Behavioral Inhibition System and the Behavioral Activation System Scales (BIS/BAS). It may prove fruitful to further explore cognitive factors related to @entity148 to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how these factors are associated with @entity148 -related freezing responses.

title: Dysfunctional Freezing Responses to Approaching Stimuli in XXXX with a Looming Cognitive Style for Physical Threats.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Persons']


abstract: The acceleration of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) by cigarette smoke (CS) in individuals with severe @entity74 of a(1)- @entity26179 (Z-AT [ @entity26180 ]) exemplifies the critical importance of gene-environmental interactions to the development of @entity1030 . We investigated the molecular basis for the interaction between Z-AT and CS. Female @entity19 (8-10 wk old) transgenic for normal (M-AT) or Z-AT on CBA background were exposed to four 1R3F cigarettes daily for 5 days. Age and sex matched littermates not exposed to CS were used as controls. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung homogenates were assessed for inflammatory cells, neutrophil elastase, and AT conformers. Z-AT was purified from plasma, exposed to CS extract, and assessed for the development and temporal relationship between AT conformers. @entity19 transgenic for Z-AT developed a significant increase in pulmonary polymers after acute CS exposure (P = 0.001). There were also increased neutrophils in CS-Z lungs versus controls (P < 0.001), which were tightly correlated with polymer concentrations (r(2) = 0.93). Oxidation of @entity1 plasma Z-AT by CS or @entity26181 greatly accelerated polymerization (P = 0.004), which could be abrogated by antioxidants (P = 0.359 versus Z control). Our data show that CS accelerates polymerization of Z-AT by oxidative modification, which, in so doing, further @entity358 and increases neutrophil influx into the lungs. These novel findings provide a molecular explanation for the striking observation of @entity2415 in ZZ homozygotes who smoke. Further work is required to assess whether antioxidant therapy may be beneficial in Z-AT-related @entity1030 .

title: Oxidation of Z a1- XXXX by cigarette smoke induces polymerization: a novel mechanism of early-onset @entity2415 .

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity26181 :: ('MESH:C015752', 'Chemical') :: ['N-chlorosuccinimide']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['premature emphysema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['reduces pulmonary defense']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic deficiency']

entities_list: @entity26180 :: ('p|SUB|E|342|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Glu342Lys']

answer: @entity26179 :: (435318(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['antitrypsin']


abstract: We review the contributions and limitations of genome-wide array-based identification of copy number variants (CNVs) in the clinical diagnostic evaluation of @entity1 with @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) and other @entity75 . In unselected @entity1032 referrals a causative genomic gain or loss is detected in 14-18% of cases. Usually, such CNVs arise de novo, are not found in healthy subjects, and have a major impact on the phenotype by altering the dosage of multiple genes. This high diagnostic yield justifies array-based segmental aneuploidy screening as the initial genetic test in these @entity1 . This also pertains to @entity1 with @entity2438 (expected yield about 5-10% in nonsyndromic and 10-20% in syndromic @entity1 ) and @entity161 (at least 5% yield). @entity471 studies in @entity3762 , @entity71 , major @entity308 and @entity4676 indicate that @entity1 have, on average, a larger @entity471 burden as compared to controls. Collectively, the @entity471 studies suggest that a wide spectrum of disease-susceptibility variants exists, most of which are rare (<0.1%) and of variable and usually small effect. Notwithstanding, a rare @entity471 can have a major impact on the phenotype. Exome sequencing in @entity1032 and @entity2438 @entity1 revealed de novo mutations in protein coding genes in 60 and 20% of cases, respectively. Therefore, it is likely that arrays will be supplanted by next-generation sequencing methods as the initial and perhaps ultimate diagnostic tool in @entity1 with @entity75 , revealing both CNVs and mutations in a single test.

title: Genome arrays for the detection of copy number variations in idiopathic @entity1032 , XXXX and neuropsychiatric disorders: lessons for diagnostic workflow and research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'MR']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain-related disorders']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity3762 :: (MESH:C562694,Disease) :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the predominant site for primary extranodal @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), accounting for 5-10% of all extranodal disease. CASE: A 74-year-old @entity1 underwent colonoscopy for a positive fecal occult blood test. Colonoscopy revealed a 3.5-cm polyp in the descending colon and was removed by snare cautery polypectomy. Post-polypectomy site showed a 0.3-0.5-cm @entity33 . Five endoclips were applied to close the @entity33 . The @entity1 remained stable during subsequent intensive monitoring and never required surgical intervention. Pathology of the polyp revealed @entity706 ( @entity706 ) involving the lamina propria of the mucosa with extension into the submucosa. The @entity1 had no systemic symptoms, and staging for @entity1893 with contrast computerized tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed no evidence suggestive of @entity706 . DISCUSSION: Approximately 6-20% of all primary @entity1893 are in the colon. The frequency of GI- @entity706 accounts for 1-3.6% of all @entity1893 . After a search of the current literature, there have been no cases of a @entity706 presenting solely as an isolated @entity1586 . Likewise, bowel perforation due to polypectomy of such @entity1127 has never been cited. Retrospectively, the diagnosis and extent of the polyp could have been established using endoscopic end-to-end forceps biopsy and/or endoscopic ultrasound with a radial scanning catheter probe and fine-needle aspiration of the lesion. Such a diagnosis could have changed the strategy for endoscopic @entity1127 . Our case is interesting because it is the first report of a @entity706 presenting as a single isolated @entity1586 .

title: Colonic perforation following polypectomy of a gastrointestinal follicular lymphoma masquerading as a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the polyp', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'FL', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal defect']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'GI-NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colon polyp', 'colon polyp involving all layers of the colonic mucosa']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colon polyp']


abstract: In an effort to determine the most appropriate initial therapy for @entity1 with @entity978 , a comparative analysis was undertaken of 13 pathologically staged IIIA @entity978 @entity1 whose abdominal disease was localized to the spleen (IIIsA); 17 IIIA @entity1 with spleen and abdominal lymph node involvement (IIIs+n+A) and 44 stage IIA @entity1 . The three groups were treated concurrently with either extended field irradiation alone or limited field irradiation followed by MOPP chemotherapy. Relapse rates after irradiation alone were 17% for the IIIsA @entity1 ; 63% for the IIIs+n+A @entity1 and 25% for the stage IIA @entity1 . Following therapy with irradiation and chemotherapy no relapses occurred among the IIIsA and IIIs+n+A @entity1 while 2/16 (13%) stage IIA @entity1 relapsed. After irradiation alone stage IIIs+n+A @entity1 had a significantly shorter remission duration and survival than the stage IIA @entity1 (p = 0.03 and 0.002, respectively) but remission duration and survival were similar for the IIIsA and IIA @entity1 . When therapy was irradiation and chemotherapy no significant differences in remission duration or survival were noted for the three groups. The most common sites of relapse for the IIIs+n+A @entity1 were extralymphatic (60%) while no extralymphatic relapse have occurred among the IIIA @entity1 (p less than 0.02). The only relapse among the IIIsA @entity1 was at an extralymphatic site. These data have shown that @entity1 with IIIsA @entity978 have a similar prognosis to stage IIIA disease but after therapy with irradiation along stage IIIs+n+A @entity1 have a poorer prognosis. Combined irradiation and chemotherapy should, therefore, be considered for stage IIIs+n+A @entity978 when @entity1625 cannot be included in the initial radiation port.

title: The therapeutic implications of splenic involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease", "stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal nodal disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: Expression of @entity29169 (Kv7.2 and -7.3) heteromers underlies the neuronal M current, a current that is suppressed by activation of a variety of receptors that couple to the hydrolysis of @entity1078 . Expression of Kv7.2/7.3 channels in @entity1 embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells produced a noninactivating @entity972 current characteristic of M current. Muscarinic receptors endogenous to HEK293 cells were identified as being M3 by pharmacology and Western blotting, producing a rise of intracellular @entity460 ([ @entity141 ](i)) upon activation. Activation of these endogenous muscarinic receptors however, failed to suppress expressed Kv7.2/7.3 current. Current suppression was reconstituted by coexpression of HA-tagged muscarinic m1 or m3 receptors. Examination of membrane fractions showed that both expressed receptors and Kv7.2 and -7.3 channel subunits resided within lipid rafts. Disruption of lipid rafts by pretreatment of cells expressing either m1 or m3 muscarinic receptors with @entity29170 produced a loss of localization of proteins within lipid raft membrane fractions. This pretreatment also abolished both the increase of [ @entity141 ](i) and suppression of expressed Kv7.2/7.3 current evoked by activation of expressed m1 or m3 muscarinic receptors. A similar loss of muscarinic receptor-mediated suppression of M current native to @entity35 dorsal root ganglion neurons was observed after incubating dissociated cells with @entity29170 . These data suggested that lipid rafts colocalized both muscarinic receptors and channel subunits to enable receptor-mediated suppression of channel activity, a spatial colocalization that enables specificity of coupling between receptor and ion channel.

title: Receptor-mediated suppression of XXXX currents requires colocalization within lipid rafts.

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity29170 :: ('MESH:C108732', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-beta-cyclodextrin']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To determine the 1-year survival, response rate, and @entity137 for @entity1 with @entity5 treated with the combination of @entity900 plus @entity2879 plus @entity1311 with delayed concurrent (starting with cycle 3) high dose thoracic radiotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated @entity5 , Easter Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2 and adequate organ function were eligible. Cycles 1 and 2 of chemotherapy consisted of @entity1311 170 mg/m intravenous day 1, @entity2879 80 mg/m intravenous days 1 to 3, and @entity900 60 mg/m intravenous day 1 followed by filgrastim 5 microg/kg subcutaneously days 4 to 13. Cycles 3 and 4 of chemotherapy consisted of a reduced dose of @entity1311 135 mg/m intravenous day 1, and the same dose of @entity2879 and @entity900 with concurrent thoracic radiation therapy 1.8 Gy in 35 fractions (total 63 Gy) administered over 7 weeks. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 were entered, 61 @entity1 were eligible. The most common grade 4 @entity137 seen was @entity3028 (62%). Nonhematologic @entity137 included @entity1398 in 19% of @entity1 , grade 3 and 4 @entity2910 in 32% of @entity1 , and grade 3 @entity1897 in 14% of @entity1 . Two @entity1 suffered lethal @entity137 . The overall response rate was 79%. The 1-year survival rate was 64%. The median overall survival was 15.7 months, and the median progression-free survival was 8.6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity900 plus @entity2879 plus @entity1311 chemotherapy and concurrent delayed thoracic radiotherapy as administered in this trial provide no apparent advantage with respect to response, local control, or survival compared with historical controls.

title: A phase II study of @entity1311 + XXXX + @entity900 + concurrent radiation therapy for previously untreated @entity5 (E2596): a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['limited stage small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity31 ( @entity31 ) occurring during childhood is generally extensive and is associated with severe flares that may require intravenous @entity134 treatment. In cases of @entity228 resistance is necessary to introduce a second-line treatment to avoid or delay surgery. AIMS: To describe the efficacy and safety of oral @entity1140 for the treatment of severe @entity134 -resistant @entity31 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective study that included all @entity1 under age 18 suffering from severe @entity134 -resistant @entity31 treated with oral @entity1140 during the period January 1998 to October 2012 and with a follow-up period after treatment of 24 months or more. RESULTS: A total of ten @entity1 were included. The age at baseline was 9.4  4.9 years, and the time from diagnosis was 1.3 months (IQR, 1-5.7). Seven of the @entity1 were in their first flare of disease. All of them received an oral dose of 0.12 mg/kg/day of @entity1140 divided in two doses. Trough plasma levels of @entity1140 were maintained between 4 and 13 ng/ml. Response was seen in 5/10 @entity1 at 12 months, colectomy was eventually performed in 60% of @entity1 during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1140 is useful in inducing remission in @entity1 with severe @entity134 -resistant @entity31 , preventing or delaying colectomy, and allowing the @entity1 and family to prepare for a probable surgery. @entity1140 may also be used as a treatment bridge for @entity228 -dependent @entity1 until the new maintenance therapy takes effect.

title: Oral @entity1140 for pediatric @entity134 -resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intravenous (IV) sedation is commonly used in dentistry. However, no report has yet been published regarding age, @entity101 , and antihypertensive drugs during implant surgery and their relationship with changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate in implant surgery under IV sedation with @entity1875 and @entity1363 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 252 @entity1 who underwent implant surgery were retrospectively analyzed. @entity1 were classified into four groups according to their age (in years) and @entity101 status: A= <=64, no @entity101 ; B=>= 65, no @entity101 ; C= <=64, @entity101 ; or D=>= 65, @entity101 . @entity101 @entity1 were further characterized by their antihypertensive medications: E= @entity460 channel blockers (CCBs), F=angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), G=CCBs+ARBs, or H=no medication. IV sedation was administered in two stages. After @entity1363 injection to prevent angialgia, @entity1875 was infused at the rate of 4 mg/kg/h, followed by a dose reduction. Systolic and diastolic BP and heart rate were recorded before, during, and after surgery. RESULTS: Systolic BP increased significantly after @entity1 were draped in groups A, C, and D, with group D showing the most pronounced increase. Sedatives decreased BP in all groups. Diastolic BP in group F decreased significantly compared to group H after induction and before infiltration of local anesthetic. After infiltration, systolic BP decreased more significantly in group G than in group H. @entity551 was observed in 25% of @entity1 . The incidence of intraoperative @entity101 in group D was markedly higher than in group A (23% vs 4%). CONCLUSION: IV sedation using @entity1363 and @entity1875 reduces @entity101 risks during implant surgery. Nevertheless, care must be taken, especially in older @entity101 @entity1 and in @entity101 @entity1 on ARBs or ARBs+CCBs.

title: Effects of implant surgery on blood pressure and heart rate during sedation with @entity1875 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study reports the initial clinical results and experience with the planning of branched stent grafts in high-risk @entity1 with @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ). METHODS: High-risk @entity1 with @entity2334 were considered for this study. Based on evaluation with computed tomography angiography (CTA), 21 custom-made branched stent grafts were designed for the selected @entity1 . Two @entity1 had associated bilateral aneurysms of the common iliac arteries, so an iliac branched device was also used. RESULTS: Between August 2006 and April 2008, 23 @entity1 (10 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 ) were selected to undergo endovascular TAAA repair. Mean age was 72 years old. Two @entity1 were excluded after 1-mm-slice CTA analysis. Eleven @entity1 have underdone TAAA repair so far. The mean follow-up period at present is 8 months (range, 18 days-21 months). Overall technical success was accomplished in all 11 @entity1 . Two renal artery branches occluded. Operative times varied from 3 to 8 hours. Mean contrast volume was 193 mL (range, 48-420 mL). Eight @entity1 required a stay of </=4 days at the intensive care unit. Three @entity1 died. Two @entity204 were procedurally related: one @entity1 died of @entity583 , and the other had @entity385 and died 3 months later of @entity358 . The third @entity1 was readmitted 3 days after hospital discharge and died of @entity8883 . One @entity1 had permanent @entity451 . Two @entity1 had transitory paraparesis. Striking hematologic and systemic inflammatory abnormalities were observed. CONCLUSION: Increasing reports on stent graft technology indicate that this procedure might become a reality in the future for endovascular treatment of @entity439 in all aortic segments. Branched stent grafts seem to be feasible and can be offered as an effective alternative to most @entity1 with @entity2334 , especially for those who are currently excluded from open surgical procedures.

title: Branched devices for XXXX repair: Early experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms', 'TAAAs']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sepsis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['complex aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebellar stroke']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aneurysm']


abstract: @entity32 is a natural response of living organisms to the presence of internal and external substances which are recognized by the host as being "non-self" or "foreign invader". It is also a cascade leading to the healing of damaged tissue. Uncontrolled @entity32 often results in @entity102 such as @entity625 , @entity792 , @entity5 , @entity303 , @entity532 . The list keeps growing due to the increasing numbers of identified molecular markers that are associated with inflammatory genes or transcription factors. Among various transcription factors, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) is the master switch for proinflammatory genes and transactivates @entity1426 pathway enzymes when activated. Through evolution, plants have developed vast classes of compounds to fight @entity32 . Most of them belong to the chemical group of alkaloids, @entity6397 , @entity3088 , @entity6398 and @entity6399 . This review article presents and discusses results obtained from literature search on recent findings in plant-derived compounds, which exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in @entity309 , @entity566 and @entity565 via the suppression of the @entity1426 pathway. IC(50)s of the compounds obtained from the literature are thus tabulated into six groups of inhibitors based on the enzyme target of @entity3900 , cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, 5-, 12- and 15-lipoxygenase. Modulation of @entity1198 /Th2 cytokines and @entity112 /mucus release by some of these enzyme inhibitors are also briefly discussed.

title: Natural products triggering biological targets--a review of the anti-inflammatory phytochemicals targeting the XXXX pathway in @entity566 and @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6399 :: ('MESH:D013729', 'Chemical') :: ['terpenoids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic, neurodegeneration and vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6397 :: ('MESH:D003374', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarins']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Administration of @entity7045 ( @entity7045 ) is considered a simple and rapid method for inducing @entity0 in @entity35 . While most studies focus on the time frame of @entity5 development, there are little data on the development of @entity0 in relation to @entity5 size. Thus the current study was carried out to analyze the phenotype of @entity7045 -induced @entity5 in relation to @entity5 size. MATERIAL/METHODS: Twenty-one 21-day-old female @entity35 were administered intraperitoneally with @entity7045 at a dose of 70 mg/kg body weight. The entire palpable @entity5 was excised when the @entity5 size reached the diameters of 4.0+/-0.5 mm, 8.0+/-0.5 mm, 12.0+/-0.5 mm, and 16.0+/-0.5 mm and then subjected to histopathological assessment. RESULTS: Epithelial inclusion cysts and mammary @entity652 made up most of the @entity5 , with four cases occurring together with malignant lesions. @entity513 in situ was seen in @entity5 sizes of 4.0+/-0.5 mm or less. Among the @entity5 , the cribriform type was seen predominantly at @entity5 sizes of less than 12.0+/-0.5 mm, while those with sizes of 12.0+/-0.5 mm or greater were of papillary type. Infiltrating @entity513 -no special type (IDC-NST) commonly seen in @entity1 was also observed at @entity5 sizes greater than 12.0+/-0.5 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 were found to be mainly of malignant type and the histological features of the induced @entity5 underwent changes as the @entity5 grew in size.

title: The association between phenotype and size of XXXX induced by @entity7045 ( @entity7045 ) injection in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7045 :: ('CHEBI:50102', 'Chemical') :: ['MNU', '1-methyl-1-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma', 'ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: @entity2142 is something that occurs to a small degree with every dialysis treatment. As we monitor our @entity1 and the equipment we use, we hope that we have looked at everything and that our @entity1 will be safe. We were extremely fortunate that we did not have a mortality related to this event. All of the hospitalized @entity1 recovered and HP went on to receive her kidney transplant and is doing well. CG came back to dialyze in our unit after his physician was satisfied that our problem had been solved. In retrospect, we did not realize that we had an instrument in use that picked up the @entity2142 long before we did. Our blood volume monitors showed us the increase in blood volume as the cells were lysed and vascular volume increased as the intracellular fluids were released. The concurrent rise in BP with these @entity1 was also indicative of increased vascular volume. The blood volume monitor also showed the drop in hematocrit as red cells were lysed. We are now more experienced in interpreting these parameters and we are grateful to have this monitor on all of our @entity1 and to have a new parameter to watch for to help forestall any further problems. Our @entity1 ' symptoms were baffling at the time because there were no overt signs of @entity2142 . There was no "cherry pop" or brown colored blood in the lines or dialyzers which are what we have been taught to look for. @entity1 #1 and #3 essentially had no symptoms till the next day. @entity1 #2 exhibited @entity390 and some mild @entity490 , which was also not new for him with his @entity6 . Our nursing staff was very "gun shy" following this episode and some staff members seriously considered a change in profession. Fortunately they did not and opted to stay. It was brought home to all that dialysis, though it may seem to be a routine procedure, is inherently risky. Diligence and careful monitoring of all of our @entity1 during their runs needs to be our utmost priority. @entity2142 to this degree is fortunately rare and we are grateful to have had an education with a positive outcome for all concerned.

title: XXXX : a hidden danger.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic gastroparesis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis', 'Hemolysis']

answer: @entity2142 :: (MESH:D006461,Disease) :: ['Hemolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-like compound derived from @entity5133 (immunopotentiator from @entity5133 1 (IP-PA1)) has been used not only as dietary supplement or cosmetic for @entity1 , but also by Japanese veterinarians as an anti- @entity5 , anti- @entity566 , "keep a fine coat of fur" and hair growth-promoting functional food for @entity235 and @entity468 . In the present study, we focused on the hair growth-promoting effects of IP-PA1 on a hair-shaved animal model and its mechanism of action. We also investigated its potential on gene expression after stimulating @entity1 @entity1829 cells with IP-PA1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hair on the back of a C3H/HeN @entity19 was shaved and IP-PA1 was orally administered or applied to the skin. The status of hair growth was observed and recorded for 14 days. Skin was collected and histological tissue examination was performed with respect to hair growth status using @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining. After IP-PA1 administration (2 and 10  g/ml) to @entity1 @entity1829 cell culture system for 24 h, @entity10471 ( @entity10471 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) mRNA expression were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. RESULTS: IP-PA1, when given orally, showed a tendency to promote hair growth in @entity19 . In addition, skin application also significantly promoted hair growth, while histopathological examinations further demonstrated hair elongation from @entity1829 cells. In the @entity1 @entity1829 cell culture system, significant @entity10471 and @entity7 mRNA expressions were observed (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: An underlying mechanism of gene expression by which IP-PA1 promotes hair growth was suggested to be different from that of medicine and traditional hair tonics, such as @entity5491 and @entity859 .

title: Immunopotentiator from @entity5133 1 (IP-PA1) Promotes @entity19 Hair Growth and XXXX Dermal Papilla Cell Gene Expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5133 :: ('549', 'Species') :: ['Pantoea agglomerans']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity10471 :: ('2252', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor-7', 'FGF-7']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['dermal papilla']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity5491 :: ('MESH:D008914', 'Chemical') :: ['minoxidil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity8310 viruses are the causative agents of @entity8310 , an economically important contagious disease of livestock that occurs in North, Central, and South America. Little is known regarding the early stages of @entity281 in natural hosts. Twelve adult Holstein steers were inoculated with @entity8310 New Jersey virus (VSNJV) on the coronary bands (CB) of the feet via scarification (SC) or by VSNJV-infected black @entity238 (Simulium vittatum) bite (FB). Three additional animals were inoculated on the neck skin using FB. Clinical disease and lesion development were assessed daily, and animals were euthanatized from 12 @entity11102 ( @entity11102 ) through 120 @entity11102 . The animals inoculated in the neck failed to develop any clinical signs or gross lesions, and VSNJV was detected neither by in situ hybridization (ISH) nor by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Lesions on the CB were more severe in the animals infected by FB than by SC. In both groups, peak VSNJV replication occurred between 24 and 48 @entity11102 in keratinocytes of the CB, as evidenced by ISH and IHC. There was evidence of viral replication limited to the first 24 @entity11102 in the local draining lymph nodes, as seen through ISH. Successful @entity281 via FB required logarithmically less virus than with the SC technique, suggesting that components in black @entity238 saliva may facilitate VSNJV transmission and @entity281 in @entity291 . The lack of lesion development in the neck with the same method of inoculation used in the CB suggests that specific characteristics of the CB epithelium may facilitate @entity778 .

title: Lesion development and replication kinetics during early @entity281 in XXXX inoculated with @entity8310 New Jersey virus via scarification and black @entity238 (Simulium vittatum) bite.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['VSNJV infection']

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicular stomatitis', 'vesicular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['hours post inoculation', 'HPI']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: The @entity291 mammary gland is a favorable organ for studying mammary cell hierarchy due to its robust milk-production capabilities that reflect the adaptation of its cell populations to extensive expansion and differentiation. It also shares basic characteristics with the @entity1 breast, and identification of its cell composition may broaden our understanding of the diversity in cell hierarchy among mammals. Here, Lin    epithelial cells were sorted according to expression of @entity30941 and CD49f into four populations: @entity30941 (med)CD49f(pos) (putative stem cells, puStm), @entity30941 (neg)CD49f(pos) (Basal), @entity30941 (high)CD49f(neg) (putative progenitors, puPgt) and @entity30941 (med)CD49f(neg) (luminal, @entity30942 ). These populations maintained differential gene expression of lineage markers and markers of stem cells and luminal progenitors. Of note was the high expression of @entity11733 in the puPgt cells, and of @entity30943 , Delta1, @entity30944 and @entity30945 in the puStm and Basal populations. Cultured puStm and Basal cells formed lineage-restricted basal or luminal clones and after re-sorting, colonies that preserved a duct-like alignment of epithelial layers. In contrast, puPgt and @entity30942 cells generated only luminal clones and unorganized colonies. Under non-adherent culture conditions, the puPgt and puStm populations generated significantly more floating colonies. The increase in cell number during culture provides a measure of propagation potential, which was highest for the puStm cells. Taken together, these analyses position puStm cells at the top of the cell hierarchy and denote the presence of both bi-potent and luminally restricted progenitors. In addition, a population of differentiated luminal cells was marked. Finally, combining ALDH activity with cell-surface marker analyses defined a small subpopulation that is potentially stem cell-enriched.

title: Cell hierarchy and lineage commitment in the XXXX mammary gland.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mini-mental status examination (MMSE) includes a task in which @entity1 are asked to write a sentence of their own choice. The emotional tone of the sentence may be related to the emotions of the writer; therefore, it was investigated whether the emotional tone of the sentence in the MMSE written by @entity1 with @entity303 was associated with health-related quality of life and @entity308 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A secondary analysis was carried out based on the cross-sectional data of 107 @entity1 with @entity303 included in the "7th framework EU project RightTimePlaceCare". Two raters assessed the emotional tone of the sentence based on a standardized procedure as positive, neutral or negative. The association between the emotional tone of the sentence, health-related quality of life and @entity308 was investigated. Health-related quality of life was assessed by the quality of life in @entity195 questionnaire and @entity308 by the Cornell scale for @entity308 in @entity303 questionnaire. RESULTS: The sentences were rated as either positive or neutral in both cases with 42   % and 16   % were judged to have a  negative emotional tone. The variance analysis by ANOVA indicated significant differences between the three groups of sentences regarding health-related quality of life of the writer (p  = 0.04). The results of the Scheff   test confirmed a  significant difference between sentences with a  positive and negative tone and the health-related quality of life where @entity1 who wrote a  sentence with a  negative tone showed a  lower health-related quality of life (p  = 0.043). No significant association was revealed regarding @entity308 (p  = 0.97). CONCLUSION: It remains to be investigated in future studies whether the emotional tone is a  reliable indicator of health-related quality of life and @entity308 of @entity1 with @entity303 , so that the written MMSE sentence can be used for diagnostic purposes.

title: [Polarity of the freely formulated MMST sentence and state of health of XXXX with @entity303 : Results of a cross-sectional study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An analysis of consecutive pediatric @entity1 treated surgically for high-grade spondylolisthesis by one of three surgical procedures with emphasis on complications and functional outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Complications, radiographic results and @entity1 -assessed function, @entity158 , and satisfaction were assessed among three surgical procedures. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The existing literature is in disagreement about whether it is better to fuse without instrumented reduction or to use instrumentation and reduce high-grade @entity19339 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 had 37 surgical procedures for Meyerding Grade 3 or 4 isthmic @entity19339 . Eleven @entity1 were treated with an in situ L4-sacrum posterior fusion without decompression (Group 1), 7 had posterior decompression with posterior instrumentation and posterior fusion (Group 2), and 19 @entity1 had reduction and a circumferential fusion procedure (Group 3). All @entity1 had new radiographs taken at time of follow-up (average, 3.1 years; range, 2 years-10 years, 1 month) and completed a functional outcome questionnaire. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1516 was 45% (5 of 11) in Group 1, 29% (2 of 7) in Group 2, and 0% (0 of 19) in Group 3. All seven who had @entity1516 had small L5 transverse process surface area (< 2 cm2; P = 0.004). Only one @entity1 had a neurologic deficit (unilateral extensor hallucis @entity425 ) at time of follow-up. There were no significant differences among the groups in function, @entity158 , and satisfaction in @entity1 in whom solid fusion was obtained, but the scores were highest in Group 3. CONCLUSIONS: In situ fusion surgery in @entity1 with high-grade spondylolisthesis with small L5 transverse processes (surface area, < 2 cm2) results in a high rate of @entity1516 . Circumferential procedures result in the highest rate of fusion and are effective in achieving fusion in those @entity1 with established @entity1516 . The use of long (> 60 mm) iliac screws bilaterally (n = 21) in addition to bicortical sacral screws (four-point sacral-pelvis fixation) along with anterior column fusion reduces the risk of instrumentation failure in a decompression and reduction procedure. Outcomes of function, @entity158 , and satisfaction are excellent in those in whom fusion is achieved. The risks in circumferential fusion-reduction procedures are acceptable.

title: Complications in the surgical treatment of pediatric high-grade, isthmic XXXX . A comparison of three surgical approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['longus weakness']

entities_list: @entity19339 :: ('MESH:D013168', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic spondylolisthesis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity19339 :: (MESH:D013168,Disease) :: ['dysplastic spondylolisthesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2664 plus @entity229 and @entity19878 each have modest activity as monotherapy for second-line chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1205 -refractory @entity263 . Clinical noncross- resistance was previously observed. Phase 1 testing determined the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting @entity137 with the combination regimen; a phase 2 study was conducted to evaluate the activity of the combination. METHODS: @entity1 with metastatic progressive @entity263 during or after 3 or more cycles of @entity3907 -based chemotherapy enrolled in a phase 2 multicenter study of @entity19878 35 mg/m(2) and @entity2664 12 mg/m(2) administered on Day 1 every 21 days with pegfilgrastim support, along with @entity229 5 mg twice daily. @entity1 were evaluated for disease response and @entity137 . RESULTS: Results are reported for the 56 evaluable @entity1 . Twenty-five (45%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 31%-59%) experienced confirmed >=  50% @entity1486 declines, 33 (59%; 95% CI, 45%-72%) experienced confirmed >=  30% @entity1486 declines, and 8 of 36 @entity1 (22%; 95% CI, 10%-39%) with measurable disease experienced objective responses. Median time to @entity1486 or objective progression was 4.4 months (95% CI, 3.5-5.6), and median progression-free survival was also 4.4 months (95% CI, 3.0-6.0). Median overall survival was 12.5 months (95% CI, 10.2-15.9). Thirty-two percent of @entity1 experienced grade 3 of 4 @entity1398 , and 11% experienced grade 3 or higher @entity281 , including 1 treatment-related @entity204 . Grade 2 and 3 @entity16 occurred in 11% and 12.5% of @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the combination of @entity19878 and @entity2664 is both feasible and active in @entity263 and requires dosing with pegfilgrastim.

title: @entity19878 , @entity2664 , and @entity229 for metastatic XXXX after @entity1205 -based therapy: a phase 2 study of the Department Of Defense @entity263 Clinical Trials Consortium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitoxantrone', 'mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity19878 :: ('MESH:C430592', 'Chemical') :: ['ixabepilone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer']


abstract: Sera from free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphins @entity13552 inhabiting the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida were tested for antibodies to cetacean morbilliviruses from 2003 to 2007 as part of a multidisciplinary study of individual and population health. A suite of clinicoimmunopathologic variables were evaluated in morbillivirus-seropositive dolphins (n = 14) and seronegative healthy dolphins (n = 49). Several important differences were found. Serum alkaline phosphatase, @entity908 phosphokinase, @entity2865 , albumin and albumin/globulin ratios were significantly lower in seropositive dolphins. Innate immunity appeared to be upregulated with significant increases in lysozyme concentration and marginally significant increases in monocytic phagocytosis. Adaptive immunity was also impacted in dolphins with positive morbillivirus antibody titers. Mitogen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation responses were significantly reduced in dolphins with positive morbillivirus antibody titers, and marginally significant decreases were found for absolute numbers of @entity29121 + lymphocytes. The findings suggest impairment of cell-mediated adaptive immunity, similar to the immunologic pattern reported with @entity29122 in other species. In contrast, dolphins with positive morbillivirus antibody titers appeared to have at least a partially upregulated humoral immune response with significantly higher levels of gamma globulins than healthy dolphins, which may represent an antibody response to morbillivirus infection or other pathogens. These data suggest that subclinical @entity29123 infection in IRL dolphins may produce clinicoimmunopathologic perturbations that impact overall health.

title: Clinicoimmunopathologic findings in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins XXXX with positive cetacean morbillivirus antibody titers.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity29123 :: ('37131', 'Species') :: ['dolphin morbillivirus']

entities_list: @entity13552 :: ('9739', 'Species') :: ['Tursiops truncatus']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity29122 :: ('MESH:D018185', 'Disease') :: ['acute morbillivirus infection']

answer: @entity13552 :: (9739,Species) :: ['Tursiops truncatus']


abstract: Non-union of @entity2249 may occur due to mechanical and biological factors. Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy (VITO) alters hip biomechanics and enhances @entity174 union. The double-angled 120   plate is usually used for internal fixation of the osteotomy. It allows the osteotomy to heal with medialisation and verticalisation of the femoral shaft. This deformity causes medial ligament strain of the knee joint, genu valgum and ultimately @entity571 . This work presents our experience in treating vertical @entity174 and @entity2249 by VITO and fixation by a single-angled 130   plate. Thirty-six @entity1 presented with 19 recent vertical @entity2249 , and 17 non-unions were included. They were 26 @entity1 and ten @entity1 , and their ages averaged 37 years. Preoperative planning and VITO technique are described. Union was achieved in 35 @entity1 (97%), and one recent @entity174 failed to unite (3%). Time to @entity174 union averaged four months in recent @entity174 and eight months in un-united @entity174 . All @entity1 with united @entity174 had an almost normal configuration of the upper femur. @entity2738 was reported in five @entity1 . Twenty-two @entity1 (61%) were @entity158 free, nine (25%) had @entity158 on lengthy walks and the remaining five (14%) had persistent @entity158 . Preoperative limb shortening averaged 2.5 cm, and post-operative shortening averaged 0.5 cm. We recommend VITO and fixation by a single-angled 130   plate for vertical @entity2249 and non-unions in relatively young adult @entity1 .

title: Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy with single-angled 130   plate fixation for XXXX and @entity2249 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['non-unions of the femoral neck', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['Avascular necrosis of the femoral head']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: In @entity35 , acute i.v. administration of @entity10278 (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) produced a @entity9598 response followed by a pressor response, while the acute i.p. administration of @entity10278 (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) produced only a pressor response. @entity5521 (5 mg/kg, i.v.), @entity4033 (10 mg/kg, i.v.), @entity1169 (2 mg/kg, i.v.) and @entity3352 (20 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as bilateral adrenalectomy, acute reserpinization and chemical sympathectomy by @entity2997 did not modify the acute pressor response to @entity10278 . @entity1855 (1 mg and 2 mg/kg, i.v.) and @entity594 (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) prevented the acute pressor response to @entity10278 administered by either i.v. or i.p. route. @entity5521 (10 micrograms/ml) could not prevent the rise in perfusion pressure of the @entity35 hindquarter due to intra-arterial @entity10278 administration. However, @entity1855 (50 and 100 micrograms/ml) prevented rise in perfusion pressure. It is concluded that @entity3409 ion might mimic @entity460 ion and produce a direct contractile effect on the vascular smooth muscle.

title: The acute pressor response to @entity3409 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['depressor']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aim to investigate the extent to which shared genetic and shared environmental factors play a role in the co-occurrence of symptoms of @entity308 and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: The analyses included 2383 individuals from a genetically isolated population in the Netherlands (mean age 48.7 years (standard deviation 15.1), percentage of @entity1 56.9%). Symptoms of @entity308 were assessed using the Center for Epidemiology Studies @entity308 Scale (CES-D) and the @entity308 subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS-D). Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma, @entity413 levels, high and low density lipoprotein (HDL, LDL) and total @entity165 levels. RESULTS: Overall, we found that HADS-D was significantly correlated to total @entity165 levels (correlation coefficient [rho]=0.05), and inversely associated to HDL (rho=-0.06). Statistically significant genetic correlations (rho(G)) were found between CES-D scores and total plasma @entity165 (rho(G)=0.30), LDL (rho(G)=0.31) and total @entity165 /HDL ratios (rho(G)=0.25). For HADS-D scores, a significant genetic correlation was found with total @entity165 /HDL ratios (rho(G)=0.27). Environmental correlations (rho(E)) with an opposite direction were found between CES-D and both total @entity165 (rho(E)=-0.16) and LDL (rho(E)=-0.15). LIMITATION: By adjusting for sibship, we are taking into account environmental effects, however we cannot exclude dominance variance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that there is evidence for shared genetic factors contributing to the co-occurrence of symptoms of @entity308 and lipid levels. This finding suggests a joint genetic pathogenesis. Future research is encouraged to assess susceptibility genes for @entity1316 to be studied for @entity65 and vice versa.

title: Shared genetic factors in the co-occurrence of symptoms of XXXX and cardiovascular risk factors.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical treatment of dislocation and @entity174 of the middle ear ossicles is recommended to be carried out within months of the @entity130 . Here we present 6 @entity1 with @entity130 whose surgery was delayed over 1 year. We evaluated the clinical and pathological changes that occurred over time and assessed the surgical outcomes in delayed cases. METHODOLOGY: Histories of the causative @entity130 , computerized tomography (CT) and tympanometry findings, pre- and postoperative hearing thresholds, and ossicular damages assessed at the tympanotomies were evaluated. RESULTS: The time lapse between the @entity130 and the surgery varied from 1 to 6 years. The resultant hearing losses were moderate or moderately severe, conductive, mixed or sensorineural type. Tympanometry and CT revealed ossicular discontinuity in only two cases. In operations, various types of @entity854 in the form of absence, displacement, @entity174 and/or fixation were identified. Continuity and mobility of the ossicular chains were restored with various techniques. Air-bone conduction gap was brought to within 20 dBHL in all cases, and within 10 dB in 3 (50%) of the cases. Gains in the bone conduction were also notable. CONCLUSION: @entity130 to the middle ear may result in an elevation in the air and/or bone conduction thresholds due to @entity952 and fixation. Our findings confirmed that tympanotomy is superior to methods such as CT and tympanometry in delineating the type and extent of the @entity16 , and usually gives favorable results even in delayed cases.

title: Delayed surgical treatment of traumatic hearing loss due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic ossicular damage']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['ossicular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['ossicular disruption']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury', 'traumatic ossicular injury', 'traumas', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity952 :: (MESH:D019958,Disease) :: ['ossicular disruption']


abstract: The probiotic @entity526 Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been used for decades in @entity1 medicine in Central Europe for the treatment and prevention of @entity74 . However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects are only partially understood. To identify molecular responses induced by EcN that might contribute to its probiotic properties polarized T84 cells were investigated employing DNA microarrays, quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and specific @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) inhibitors. Polarized T84 epithelial cell monolayers were used as a model to monitor barrier disruption by infection with the enteropathogenic @entity526 (EPEC) strain E2348/69. Co-incubation of EPEC with EcN or addition of EcN following EPEC infection abolished barrier disruption and, moreover, restored barrier integrity as monitored by transepithelial resistance. DNA-microarray analysis of T84 cells incubated with EcN identified 300+ genes exhibiting altered expression. EcN altered the expression, distribution of zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) protein and of distinct @entity7131 isotypes. ZO-2 expression was enhanced in parallel to its redistribution towards the cell boundaries. This study provides evidence that EcN induces an overriding signalling effect leading to restoration of a disrupted epithelial barrier. This is transmitted via silencing of PKCzeta and the redistribution of ZO-2. We suggest that these properties contribute to the reported efficacy in the treatment of @entity29 and in part rationalize the probiotic nature of EcN.

title: Molecular mechanisms underlying the probiotic effects of XXXX Nissle 1917 involve ZO-2 and PKCzeta redistribution resulting in tight junction and epithelial barrier repair.

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal disorders and diseases']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['E. coli', 'Escherichia coli strain']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of apparent @entity2687 after intrastromal femtosecond laser treatment for @entity10818 (INTRACOR). METHODS: A healthy 56-year-old male with low @entity3467 underwent an unremarkable bilateral INTRACOR procedure in March/April 2011. The @entity1 was discharged after follow-up and returned 5 years later. RESULTS: Before discharge, the monocular logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) values were R, 0.0 and L, 0.10. In both eyes near (UNVA) visual acuities were 0.0. There were signs of @entity2840 without loss of corneal stability. Five years postop, monocular UDVA and UNVA values were 0.4 and 0.0, respectively. @entity4122 was observed in both eyes, and the centrally placed 5 concentric rings after the INTRACOR procedure were visible under slit-lamp biomicroscopy. CONCLUSIONS: There is no clear reason to explain why the @entity1 developed bilateral corneal steepening. It could be that the @entity1 's corneal stromal fibers gradually weakened over this 5-year period.

title: Apparent XXXX After Bilateral Intrastromal Femtosecond Laser Treatment for @entity10818 .

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['slight posterior central corneal steepening']

entities_list: @entity10818 :: ('MESH:D011305', 'Disease') :: ['presbyopia']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ectasia']

answer: @entity2687 :: (MESH:D003316,Disease) :: ['Corneal Ectasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A precocious diagnosis of @entity2319 is essential to avoid its implications in the family and the social and employment future of those that suffer from them. The discovery of new tests that can be used for auditory screening, such as otoacoustic emission, has opened new perspectives in this field. @entity1 AND METHODS: Universal screening was performed including neonates born in our area. We studied 7,153 @entity1 (296 with indicators of risk) born between 1995 and 1997. Our protocol was based on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions as the screening method and brainstem auditory evoked potentials as the diagnostic procedure. RESULTS: Two out of 1000 ears studied presented serious/deep @entity2319 and 1.39 per 100 had some type of @entity393 . The incidence of pathology was higher among ears of @entity1 with risk factors: 1.8 per 100 had serious/deep @entity2319 and 7.59 per 100 some type of @entity393 . CONCLUSIONS: Transient evoked otoacoustic emission is an effective method when used in infantile auditory screening, since it is objective, bloodless and quick. Its correlation with auditory evoked potentials is very high, which proves their reliability. The best moment to perform this test (OAE) is when the discharge from the hospital is certified. We believe that universal screening is necessary, although a much higher incidence of @entity2319 is encountered among @entity1 with risk factors. The establishment of programs for the precocious detection of @entity2319 should not be delayed.

title: [Early detection of XXXX in neonates by using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions].

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['deafness', 'infantile deafness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the relationship between signs and symptoms of @entity8 and outcome in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity299 Bisoprolol Study II included 2647 NYHA class III/IV @entity712 @entity1 . Congestion was estimated by the presence of elevated jugular venous pressure, orthopnoea, @entity843 , or @entity4 . Glomerular filtration rate ( @entity470 ) was estimated using the simplified modification of diet in @entity8 (sMDRD) formula. The main outcome consisted of all-cause mortality. Mean age was 61 +/- 11 years, 80% of @entity1 were male, and mean @entity470 was 77 +/- 31 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). A total of 1234 (47%) @entity1 had at least one sign, and 10% of @entity1 had more than three signs of @entity384 . Mean @entity470 was lower in @entity1 with signs of @entity384 (75 +/- 30 vs. 79 +/- 31 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, signs of @entity384 remained independently related to @entity470 (P = 0.012). Mortality rates almost doubled from no signs to three or more signs of @entity384 (11 vs. 20%, respectively, P < 0.0001). @entity1 with any signs of @entity384 also had a worse outcome. Adjusted hazard ratio was 1.42 (1.14-1.77), P < 0.01 for mortality and 1.21 (1.05-1.39), P < 0.01 for the composite endpoint. CONCLUSION: Signs and symptoms of @entity384 are associated with @entity8 and are independent determinants of prognosis in @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: XXXX is related to @entity8 and increased mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'renal impairment', 'congestion, renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac Insufficiency']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Congestion in chronic systolic heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown a higher risk of @entity260 in @entity6 @entity1 . An increased intraperitoneal @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio as measured by microdialysis has been reported before @entity260 have been discovered. It is not known whether @entity6 or @entity28 have any influence on the intraperitoneal metabolism ( @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio, @entity413 , @entity653 ) in relation to major abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the postoperative intraperitoneal and subcutaneous @entity1735 and fat metabolism as measured by microdialysis in @entity28 and @entity6 @entity1 after major abdominal surgery without @entity260 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven @entity28 @entity1 (body mass index > 30 kg/m(2)) and six @entity6 @entity1 were studied up to 48 h after major abdominal surgery and were compared with 31 non- @entity6 , non- @entity28 @entity1 , all without complications. Microdialysis was performed to measure @entity413 , @entity880 , @entity2388 and @entity653 intraperitoneally and subcutaneously. The @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio was calculated. RESULTS: The @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio did not differ between the groups. In the @entity6 @entity1 , @entity413 levels were higher intraperitoneally at both Days 1 and 2 compared to controls. Higher @entity653 levels were found subcutaneously in @entity28 @entity1 at Day 2. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio does not increase intraperitoneally after non-complicated major abdominal surgery in @entity6 @entity1 . @entity28 @entity1 have increased release of free @entity1718 and @entity653 subcutaneously, while @entity6 @entity1 show higher @entity413 levels intraperitoneally than controls.

title: Complications but not @entity28 or @entity6 have impact on the intraperitoneal XXXX / @entity2388 ratio measured by microdialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic and obese', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic but non-obese']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'Obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']