abstract: OBJECTIVES: Salvia (S.) is an important genus consisting of about 900 species in the Lamiaceae family. They are several reports that some Salvia spp. has effects on the central nervous system (CNS). The present experiments were undertaken to study the protective effect of S. limbata on the development of @entity734 to @entity1286 in @entity19 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Antinociceptive activity of aerial parts of S. limbata was investigated using the hot plate method. In addition, the effect of its aerial parts on @entity1286 @entity734 was investigated in @entity19 . After induction of @entity734 by @entity1286 , different concentrations of plant aerial parts extract were injected to treated groups. To assess @entity1286 withdrawal, @entity19 were injected @entity1510 (5 mg/kg) i.p. on the 5th day. After four consecutive days of @entity1286 injection, @entity3347 was assessed by placing each @entity19 in a 30 cm high glass box and recording the frequency of escape jumps for 60 minutes. RESULTS: Animal receiving acute treatment with @entity1286 displayed @entity734 . The animals treated with different extract concentrations could decrease frequency of escape jumps in number or decrease development of @entity1286 @entity734 . Addiction was observed following @entity1510 administration. @entity1042 extract of S. limbata produced a statistically significant inhibition of @entity158 induced by hot plate latency at 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg i.p. A significant increase in @entity158 threshold was observed after 30 and 60 min (p < 0.001). The activity was comparable to that of @entity1286 (30 mg kg(-1) i.p., p > 0.05). The anti-nociceptive activity of S. limbata increased until the 60th min (p < 0.05 compared to @entity1286 ). CONCLUSIONS: S. limbata extract produced statistically significant inhibition of @entity158 and development of @entity1286 @entity734 in @entity19 .

title: Antinociceptive activity and effect of @entity1042 extract of Salvia limbata on @entity3347 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['Methanol']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Scarce systematic trial data have prevented uniform therapeutic guidelines for @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ). A central need in this historically refractory @entity5 is the controlled evaluation of multiagent chemotherapy and its combination with the currently most active single agent, alemtuzumab. METHODS: This prospective multicenter phase 2 trial assessed response, survival, and @entity137 of a novel regimen in previously treated (n = 9) and treatment-naive (n = 16) @entity1 with @entity6444 . Induction by @entity3118 , @entity2664 , and @entity786 (FMC), for up to 4 cycles, was followed by alemtuzumab (A) consolidation, up to 12 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 25 @entity1 treated with FMC, 21 subsequently received alemtuzumab. Overall response rate to FMC was 68%, comprising 6 complete remissions (all bone-marrow confirmed) and 11 partial remissions. Alemtuzumab consolidation increased the intent-to-treat overall response rate to 92% (12 complete remissions; 11 partial remissions). Median overall survival after FMC-A was 17.1 months and median progression-free survival was 11.9 months. Progression-free survival tended to be shorter for @entity1 with high-level @entity1619 1 oncoprotein expression. Hematologic @entity137 were the most frequent grade 3/4 side effects under FMC-A. Exclusively in the 21 alemtuzumab-consolidated @entity1 , 13 cytomegalovirus reactivations were observed; 9 of these 13 represented a clinically relevant @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: FMC-A is a safe and efficient protocol in @entity6444 , which compares favorably to published data.

title: Sequential chemoimmunotherapy of @entity3118 , @entity2664 , and XXXX induction followed by alemtuzumab consolidation is effective in @entity6444 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia', 'T-PLL']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the discriminative ability of the SOFA and MOD scoring systems with respect to hospital mortality and unfavorable neurologic outcome in @entity1 with severe @entity131 admitted to intensive care. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study at Foothills Medical Centre, the sole adult tertiary care @entity130 center servicing southern Alberta (population approximately 1.3 million) All @entity1 >or=16 years of age and older with severe @entity131 (sTBI) and intensive care unit length of stay > 48 hours between May 1, 2000 and April 31, 2003 were included. @entity51 was measured by the SOFA and MODS scoring systems. Comparison of the SOFA and MOD score determination of organ dysfunction for each non-neurological organ system was examined by calculating the proportion of @entity1 with SOFA and MOD component score defined organ failure. Consistent with previous literature, organ system failure was defined as a component score >or=3. RESULTS: The odds of @entity204 and unfavorable neurologic outcome in @entity1 with SOFA defined @entity65 were 14.7 times (95% CI: 5.9-36.3) and 7.6 times (95% CI 3.5-16.3) respectively, that of those without @entity65 . The development of SOFA defined @entity65 was a reasonable discriminator of hospital mortality and unfavorable neurologic outcome (AuROC=0.75 and 0.73, respectively). The odds of @entity204 and unfavorable neurologic outcome in @entity1 with MOD defined @entity65 were 2.6 times (95% CI: 1.24-5.26) and 4.1 times (95% CI 1.3-12.4) respectively, that of those without @entity65 . The development of MOD defined @entity65 was a poor discriminator of hospital mortality and unfavorable neurologic outcome (AuROC=0.57 and 0.59 respectively). Both SOFA and MOD defined @entity1576 were not statistically associated with hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1545 , the SOFA scoring system has superior discriminative ability and stronger association with outcome compared to the MOD scoring system with respect to hospital mortality and unfavorable neurologic outcome.

title: SOFA is superior to MOD score for the determination of non-neurologic organ dysfunction in @entity1 with severe XXXX : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Non-neurologic organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular failure']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: A circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus controls the daily behavioral and physiological rhythms of mammals. While the @entity1 circadian system has been the focus of research for many years, very little work has been directed at understanding its underlying biochemical mechanisms. In these experiments we used the hypothalamic brain slice technique to investigate these mechanisms, focusing specifically on the intrinsic resetting properties of the circadian clock of the @entity35 . We monitored a primary expression of the clock or pacemaker, the circadian rhythm of electrical activity of SCN neurons. This rhythm continues the oscillatory pattern seen in vivo for up to 60 hr in vitro, with an activity peak near midday that shows very little variation among SCN from different @entity35 . The stability of the rhythm in vitro enabled us to use the time of peak activity to monitor the phase of the underlying pacemaker. Bath application of membrane-soluble @entity268 analogs in 1 hr pulses induced robust advances in the phase of the rhythm that remained stable for 2 cycles. This effect depended on the phase of the pacemaker at the time of treatment: the peak was maximally advanced (4-6 hr) by treatments during the middle of the subjective day (projected from the donor's cycle); treatments during most of the subjective night and early subjective day induced no phase changes. Half-maximal phase resetting was induced at 1 x 10(-10) M concentrations of active @entity268 analog.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The XXXX circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei is reset in vitro by @entity268 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: To define the maximum tolerated dose and to study whether recombinant @entity1 @entity2772 (rhIL-3) reduced chemotherapy-induced @entity1398 and @entity882 , 20 chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with advanced @entity43 eligible for treatment with 6 cycles of @entity3003 - @entity786 every 4 weeks (day 1) were entered in a phase I/II open, single-center trial. Cohorts of five @entity1 received during 7 days 1, 5, 10, or 15 micrograms/kg/d rhIL-3 (days 5 through 11) in cycles 1, 3, and 5 by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion or once daily subcutaneous (SC) administration. In control cycles 2, 4, and 6, no rhIL-3 was administered. rhIL-3 significantly increased the recovery of leukocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, especially at 5, 10, and 15 micrograms/kg rhIL-3. rhIL-3 also increased basophil, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts at this dose steps. Effects on reticulocytes were limited. No difference in efficacy between SC and IV rhIL-3 treatment was found. Chemotherapy postponement for insufficient @entity236 was necessary in 22 of 45 control cycles versus 2 of 49 rhIL-3 cycles (P less than .001). Platelet transfusions were required in 7 of 45 control cycles versus 3 of 50 rhIL-3 cycles (P less than .5). rhIL-3 up to 10 micrograms/kg/d could be administered without severe side effects. At 15 micrograms/kg/d, rhIL-3 @entity10 was dose-limiting. Other side effects were @entity221 , @entity390 , @entity1910 , @entity1671 , and @entity110 . @entity99 occurred in rhIL-3 and control cycles. rhIL-3 slightly increased @entity5 necrosis factor alpha, @entity1851 , and serum amyloid A plasma levels, whereas no effect on @entity650 plasma levels was observed. rhIL-3 administered SC appears to be an interesting @entity2772 for reduction of chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity.

title: Effects of XXXX after chemotherapy for advanced @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1671 :: ('MESH:D005483', 'Disease') :: ['flushing, facial erythema']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2772 :: ('3562', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-3', 'hematopoietic growth factor']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow recovery']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver toxicity']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever, flu-like symptoms']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2772 :: (3562,Gene) :: ['interleukin-3']


abstract: @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is a widely used immunosuppressant but with significant side-effects, such as @entity8032 . This study investigates how CsA induces @entity2522 and shows the effects of the CsA-associated signaling messengers, @entity650 and @entity2533 , on @entity2522 . CsA increased both @entity650 and @entity2533 levels. In addition to CsA, an @entity650 or @entity2533 treatment also induced gingival fibroblast proliferation. Inhibiting the cytokine resulted in the suppression of CsA-induced proliferation. MAPKs and @entity10412 are known to be involved in cell proliferation. Therefore, the effect of CsA on the kinase activities was examined. The results showed that both @entity1435 MAPK and @entity10412 are essential for gingival fibroblast proliferation. @entity2533 and @entity650 and their associated signaling transduction may be novel bona fide molecular targets for the prevention of @entity8032 in CsA-treated @entity1 . ( ABBREVIATIONS: MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; @entity43977 , @entity4357 3-kinase.)

title: Mechanism of XXXX -induced overgrowth in gingiva.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43977 :: ('p|SUB|P|13|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P13K']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival proliferation']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['gingival overgrowth']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to investigate the predictive importance of cut-off levels of preoperative WBC, neutrophil and CRP concentrations in operated @entity698 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 operated for @entity697 between January 2008 and November 2010 were retrospectively screened. @entity1 were divided into three groups according to postoperative histopathology. Group I: normal appendix, Group II: @entity698 , Group III: @entity532 . ROC curves are intended for positive distinguishing pathological laboratory measurements. Cut-off values were determined and distinguishing performances were assessed. RESULTS: 175 of the 320 @entity1 were males (54.7%) and 145 were females (45.3%). Average age was 35.95  14.75. While cut-off value for WBC was 12.080 and it was found significant in distinguishing @entity348 (group II+group III) from normal appendixes and distinguishing group II from group I (p<0.001), it was determined that it was not significant in distinguishing group II from group III (p=0.768). While cut-off value for neutrophil was 73% and it was significant in distinguishing group II+group III from group I and group II from group I (p<0.001), it was detected that it was not significant in distinguishing group II from group III (p=0.681). While cut-off value for CRP was 45.98, it was not found significant in distinguishing group II+group III from group I and group II from group I; however it was significant in distinguishing group II from group III (p<0.001). When all measurements were evaluated together, it was detected that the increase in only the neutrophil percentage rised the non-complicated acute appendisitis (OR: 1.082; p<0.001), and the increase in both neutrophiles and CRP resulted in a rise in the risk of complication (OR: neutrophil=1.066; p=0.009- CRP=1.005; p=0.013). DISCUSSION: The cut-off value of labaratuary tests may help determine the diagnosis and treatment. Especially, cut-off value of CRP may be helpful to determine the method of incision during the operation as conventional appendectomy or laparoscopic appendectomy.

title: [Predictive calue of leucocyte count, neutrophil percent and C-reactive protein concentration "cut-off value" on the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['Uncomplicated appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total appandisitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between regional variations in knee replacement (KR) utilization rates in Ontario, Canada, and the reported prevalence of @entity625 and @entity627 as a chronic health problem. METHODS: Utilization data were acquired from the Canadian Institute for Health Information for KR procedures performed in Ontario between fiscal years 1984 and 1990. Census information was obtained from Statistics Canada. Disease prevalence data were derived from the 1990 @entity283 ( @entity283 ). Public Health Units (PHU) were used as the unit of analysis, with utilization rates defined as the number of KR performed on all PHU residents (irrespective of where these procedures were performed) divided by the population. Direct methods were used to standardize utilization for age, sex, and disease prevalence. The extremal quotient, the weighted @entity853 were used as measures of variation. The relationship between the number of KR performed in each age-sex-year strata and various demographic (age and sex), disease prevalence, and regional dummy variables was estimated using a Poisson regression model. RESULTS: Regional variation in the standardized utilization of KR surgery was wide, but declined over the study period; the extremal quotient fell from 8.0 to 3.3, the weighted coefficient of variation fell from 0.49 to 0.30, and the systematic component of variation fell from 0.20 to 0.17. Variation in the provision of KR surgery remained even after controlling for the demographic composition of the population and disease prevalence. Moreover, while demographic, regional, and temporal covariates were significant (p < 0.0001) in accounting for over 90% of the variation in utilization, disease prevalence was not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study merged population based reports of disease prevalence with administrative data to account for regional variations in utilization. While regional variations in KR surgery have fallen over time, variations remain even after adjusting for @entity1 reported disease prevalence. The finding that demographic variables and the reported prevalence of disease were poorly correlated suggests that current area variation studies may not be adjusting fully for disease prevalence or severity.

title: The relationship between variations in knee replacement utilization rates and the reported prevalence of XXXX in Ontario, Canada.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Ontario Health Survey', 'OHS']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['coefficient of variation, and the systematic component of variation']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) and @entity3001 ( @entity3001 ) share many features, including symptoms of severe @entity1295 and @entity73 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the neuropsychiatric differences in these disorders to enhance understanding of how mood, @entity1295 , and cognitive performance interrelate in @entity102 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity5815 , 38 @entity1 with @entity3001 , and 56 healthy controls participated in the study. @entity1 with @entity5815 met 1994 criteria for @entity5815 and lacked histories suggestive of @entity3001 . @entity1 with @entity3001 were seropositive for @entity3001 , had met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria, or had histories strongly suggestive of @entity3001 and were experiencing severe @entity1295 that continued 6 months or more following completion of antibiotic treatment for @entity3001 . All subjects completed self-report measures of somatic symptoms and @entity1316 and underwent neuropsychological testing. All @entity1 also underwent a structured @entity146 interview. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity5815 and @entity3001 were similar in several somatic symptoms and in @entity146 profile. @entity1 with @entity5815 reported @entity1109 than @entity1 with @entity3001 . @entity1 with @entity3001 but not @entity1 with @entity5815 performed significantly worse than controls on tests of attention, verbal memory, verbal fluency, and motor speed. @entity1 with @entity3001 without a premorbid history of @entity146 did relatively worse on cognitive tests than @entity1 with @entity3001 with premorbid @entity146 compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Despite symptom overlap, @entity1 with @entity3001 show greater @entity73 than @entity1 with @entity5815 compared with healthy controls. This is particularly apparent among @entity1 with @entity3001 who lack premorbid @entity146 .

title: @entity3001 and @entity5815 . XXXX similarities and differences.

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['post-Lyme syndrome', 'Lyme disease', 'PLS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive difficulty', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['more flulike symptoms']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbance']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Neuropsychiatric']


abstract: A television system was used to record retinal @entity941 dilution curves. In @entity1707 , @entity941 was injected intravenously (IV), into the left ventricle (ILV), and ILV during bilateral @entity432 (ILVco). Dye dilution curves from points on a @entity989 , from two points on a single artery, and from two points on a single vein were recorded by a @entity2315 , using two photodetectors positioned over the television image of the vessels. Dye curves were less dispersed following ILV than following IV injections, and were irregular following ILVco injection. The dye appearance time was shortest after injection with ILV and progressively longer with ILVco and IV. The artery-vein mean transit time was greatest during @entity432 . Retinal blood flow in a venous segment was calculated to be 0.149 +/- 0.037 mi/min. This value was reproducible following both IV and ILV injections but could not be obtained following ILVco due to irregularity of the curves. It was in the same range as that found (0.095 +/- 0.011 ml/min), using the radioactively labeled microsphere technique. The system was subsequently tested in @entity1 and was found to give reproducible dye curves. The usefulness of the system as a clinical tool is presently being explored.

title: Retinal blood flow derived from dye dilution curves: Televised XXXX angiography.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['storage oscilloscope']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal-artery-vein pair']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

answer: @entity941 :: (MESH:D019793,Chemical) :: ['fluorescein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cellular uptake of @entity22062 and @entity22063 in a microemulsion in comparison with aqueous suspensions and tinctures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A microemulsion was prepared using the dropwise addition method. @entity19 skin fibroblasts were cultured in vitro to investigate the optimal conditions for @entity22062 and @entity22063 uptake with different drug concentrations and administration times. Under optimal conditions, the cellular uptake of microemulsified drugs was assayed and compared to tinctures and aqueous suspensions. @entity21237 labeling and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) were used to explore the distribution of fluorochrome transferred with the microemulsion in fibroblasts. Cellular morphology was also investigated, using optical microscopy to evaluate microemulsion-induced cellular @entity137 . RESULTS: The maximum cellular drug uptake amounts were obtained with a 20% concentration (v/v) of microemulsion and an 8 hour administration time. Drug uptake by @entity19 skin fibroblasts was lowest when the drugs were loaded in microemulsion. After incubation with @entity21237 -labeled microemulsion for 8 hours, the highest fluorescence intensity was achieved, and the fluorochrome was primarily distributed in the cytochylema. No obvious cellular morphologic changes were observed with the administration of either the microemulsion or the aqueous suspension; for the tincture group, however, @entity465 was observed. CONCLUSION: The lower cellular uptake with microemulsion may be due to the fact that most of the drug loaded in the microemulsion vehicle was transported via the intercellular space, while a small quantity of free drug (released from the vehicle) was ingested through transmembrane transport. @entity19 skin fibroblasts rarely endocytosed @entity22062 and @entity22063 with a microemulsion as the vehicle. The microemulsion had no obvious effect on cellular morphology, suggesting there is little or no cellular @entity137 associated with the administration of microemulsion on @entity19 skin fibroblasts.

title: In vitro cellular uptake of @entity22062 and XXXX using a microemulsion.

entities_list: @entity22062 :: ('MESH:C049639', 'Chemical') :: ['evodiamine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21237 :: ('CHEBI:52334', 'Chemical') :: ['Rhodamine B', 'rhodamine B']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['massive cellular necrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity22063 :: ('MESH:C028632', 'Chemical') :: ['rutaecarpine']

answer: @entity22063 :: (MESH:C028632,Chemical) :: ['rutaecarpine']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a phase II study of @entity3003 and @entity2600 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). In addition, we studied the correlation between certain genotypes of enzymes involved in @entity2600 metabolism with efficacy and @entity137 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with stage IIIB, IV, or recurrent @entity1149 received a combination of @entity2600 and @entity3003 every 3 weeks at a dose of 200 mg/m2 and area under the curve of 5. Pharmacogenomic analysis was performed on several genes of interest ( @entity1262 , CYP3A4*1B, @entity4735 , @entity4191 , @entity6912 *28, and @entity20319 ). RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 enrolled between December 2001 and January 2004. Six @entity1 achieved partial responses (14%), and 19 (45%) had stable disease. The median progression-free survival was 6.9 months. The median overall survival was 11.7 months, with 1-year overall survival of 42%. The most common @entity137 were hematologic; grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 was experienced by 26 @entity1 (62%) during treatment, and 15 @entity1 (36%) experienced grade 3 or 4 @entity882 . The homozygous @entity6912 *28 (7/7) genotype was associated with grade 4 @entity1398 in three of four @entity1 (75%), but only eight out of 30 (27%) with 6/6 or 6/7 genotypes experienced grade 4 @entity1398 (p = 0.09). None of the 14 @entity1 with the @entity4191 @entity29875 A/A genotype had a partial response, as opposed to five out of 19 (26%) of those with the G/A or G/G genotypes (p = 0.057). CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity3003 and @entity2600 is an active combination in @entity1149 , with response rates comparable with other @entity902 -containing doublets. Further studies with @entity2600 should incorporate prospective pharmacogenomic analysis to identify markers for response and @entity137 .

title: A phase II study of XXXX and @entity3003 in advanced @entity1149 with pharmacogenomic analysis: final report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: Early diagnosis is important for the prognosis of @entity1 affected with @entity1151 . The mortality rate ranges from 30% in untreated cases to 10% in cases getting early treatment. In this context, it is essential to obtain a correct diagnosis in order to start the best treatment for each @entity1 . The aim of our study is to evaluated the contribution of mono- bidimensional echocardiography and color-doppler for the early diagnosis of @entity1151 . We examined 23 @entity1 (14 @entity1 with a mean age of 67 +/- 13 years; 9 @entity1 with a mean age of 58 +/- 16 years) who were referred to us for observation over a 30-month period. These @entity1 had been admitted to the intensive care unit for suspected @entity1151 and the diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by a pulmonary scintigraphy. None of the 23 @entity1 showed a positive case history of previous @entity299 and/or @entity358 . The @entity1 were checked using 2D-doppler echocardiography, 120 +/- 45 minutes from the onset of the symptoms. They were then divided into two groups (A and B) based on the presence or absence of thromboembolus in the right cavity of the heart. Seven @entity1 (30%) revealed thromboemboli and were treated effectively with rt-PA (100 mg/2 hours). An increase in the size of the right ventricle with an affected rate RV/LV > 0.6 and the abnormal kinetics of the ventricular septum proved to be the most sensitive parameters for right @entity67 , as signs of @entity358 were observed in all 23 @entity1 . @entity997 speed (from 2.9 to 3.6 m/sec) and peak systolic pulmonary pressure (67 mmHg) were recorded in all @entity1 . Our observations suggest that the hemodynamic effects of an @entity1151 can be enumerated and monitored by analyzing ventricle size and septum kinetics. To summarize, echocardiography proved to be a simple and realistic test. It enabled correct diagnosis and made it possible not only to start thrombolytic therapy without requiring other exams, but also to monitor and evaluate the effects of this therapy.

title: [The role of 2D-doppler electrocardiography in the early diagnosis of massive XXXX and therapeutic monitoring].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolisms', 'acute massive pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease', 'acute massive pulmonary ambolisms']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['Tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular overload']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['acute pulmonary embolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in @entity1 with @entity6 receiving @entity2690 lispro with @entity1 receiving regular @entity1 @entity2690 (Humulin R). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed two randomized comparative studies over a 6-month period (3 months per treatment). Primary analyses used crossover baseline to 3-month changes in HRQOL scores. Ninety-three principal investigators in Canada, France, Germany, and the U.S. participated in these studies. One HRQOL crossover study included 468 @entity1 with @entity1723 ; the other HRQOL crossover study included 474 @entity1 with @entity2175 . In both studies, @entity1 were taking @entity2690 at least 2 months before enrollment. Primary outcomes included two generic HRQOL domains, energy/fatigue and health distress, and two @entity6 -specific domains, treatment satisfaction and treatment flexibility. Thirty secondary outcomes included both generic and @entity6 -specific measures. Secondary outcome domains were controlled for multiplicity in the analyses. RESULTS: Primary analyses showed that treatment satisfaction scores (P < 0.001) and treatment flexibility scores (P = 0.001) were higher for @entity2690 lispro in type I @entity6 @entity1 . No other significant treatment differences were detected using the data from these 6-month crossover studies. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment satisfaction and treatment flexibility were significantly improved in @entity1 with @entity1723 using @entity2690 lispro. Other HRQOL findings were comparable for @entity2690 lispro and regular @entity1 @entity2690 . @entity2690 lispro appears to have a measurable impact on lifestyle benefits in @entity1 with @entity1723 , as demonstrated by increased treatment satisfaction and treatment flexibility.

title: Health-related quality-of-life results from multinational clinical trials of XXXX lispro. Assessing benefits of a new @entity6 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the detection rates of precancerous and @entity5 by @entity1082 ) DNA testing and by conventional cytology screening. DESIGN: Prospective randomised trial. Two cohorts were followed over one screening round of five years, screened initially by primary HPV DNA testing or by primary Pap test. SETTING: Population based programme for @entity5 screening in Finland. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 25-65 years invited for screening in 2003-07 (101,678 in HPV arm; 101,747 in conventional cytology arm). INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly allocated (1:1) to primary HPV DNA screening followed by cytology triage if they had positive results, or to primary cytology screening. Screening method was disclosed at the screening visit. Trial personnel involved were aware of all test results. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cumulative detection rates of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ), @entity15709 ( @entity15709 ), and @entity3 before the second screening (after five years) or before 31 December 2008. Lesions detected at screening and during the five year interval were included. RESULTS: 1010 and 701 precancerous or @entity5 were detected during an average follow-up of 3.6 years in the HPV and cytology arms, respectively. Among invited @entity1 , the hazard ratio was 1.53 (95% confidence interval l.28 to 1.84) for @entity3146 grade 1, 1.54 (1.33 to 1.78) for @entity3146 2, 1.32 (1.09 to 1.59) for @entity3146 3 or @entity15709 , and 0.81 (0.48 to 1.37) for @entity5 . In 25-34 year old @entity1 , the cumulative hazard (or cumulative detection rate) was 0.0057 (0.0045 to 0.0072) for HPV screening versus 0.0046 (0.0035 to 0.0059) for conventional screening; corresponding data for @entity1 aged 35 years and older were 0.0022 (0.0019 to 0.0026) and 0.0017 (0.0014 to 0.0021), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Primary HPV DNA screening detects more @entity75 than primary cytology within one screening round of five years. Even if the detection rate of @entity3146 3 or @entity15709 increased in the HPV arm in both age groups, the absolute difference in cumulative rates in @entity1 aged 35 years or older was small. By carefully selecting age groups and screening intervals, HPV screening could increase the overall detection rate of cervical @entity1613 only slightly. However, these findings should be interpreted in the context of the high level of opportunistic screening that occurs in Finland. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial ISRCTN23885553.

title: Detection rates of precancerous and @entity5 within one screening round of primary XXXX DNA testing: prospective randomised trial in Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions', 'cervical cancer', 'cancerous cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: The @entity972 channel antagonist @entity973 ( @entity974 ) improves a variety of @entity4681 associated with disorders of the cerebellum. The most rigorous quantitative data relate to @entity974 's ability to improve @entity1319 in @entity1 referable to dysfunction of the cerebellar flocculus. Largely based on work in the ataxic @entity19 mutant tottering (which carries a mutation of the @entity1226 gene of the P/Q voltage-activated @entity460 channel), @entity974 is hypothesized to function by enhancing excitability or rhythmicity of floccular Purkinje cells. We tested this hypothesis by determining whether systemic or intrafloccular administration of @entity974 would ameliorate the @entity1319 in tottering that are attributable to @entity409 , including the reductions in amplitude of the yaw-axis vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and vision-enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR), and the optokinetic reflex (OKR) about yaw and roll axes. Because @entity51 increase with age, both young and elderly mutants were tested to detect any age-dependent @entity974 effects. @entity974 failed to improve VOR, VVOR, and OKR gains during sinusoidal stimuli, although it may have reduced the tendency of the mutants' responses to VOR and VVOR to decline over the course of a one-hour recording session. For constant-velocity optokinetic stimuli, @entity974 generated some enhancement of yaw OKR and upward-directed roll OKR, but the effects were also seen in normal C57BL/6 controls, and thus do not represent a specific reversal of the electrophysiological consequences of the tottering mutation. Data support a possible extra-floccular locus for the effects of @entity974 on habituation and roll OKR. Unilateral intrafloccular @entity974 injections did not affect ocular motility, except to generate mild eye elevations, consistent with @entity998 . Because @entity974 did not produce the effects expected if it normalized outputs of floccular Purkinje cells, there is a need for further studies to elucidate the drug's mechanism of action on cerebellar motor dysfunction.

title: @entity973 does not enhance flocculus function in tottering, a XXXX model of @entity409 and ataxia.

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['reduced floccular output']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['flocculus dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ["tottering's deficits"]

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['eye movement deficits']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: Borderline @entity5 account for 10% to 20% of epithelial @entity43 , and their prognosis is outstanding; nevertheless, a mortality of up to 20% has been reported, particularly in earlier reports. There is a lack of information about the actual mortality and the rate of progression into @entity189 in large and prospectively accrued populations. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity43 undergoing primary surgery in our department or referred within 3 months from surgery performed elsewhere from 1982 to 1997 were prospectively accrued and observed. RESULTS: We studied 339 @entity1 (83.4% stage I, 7.9% stage II, and 8.5% stage III). The median age at diagnosis was 39 years. A total of 150 @entity1 underwent radical surgery, and 189 underwent fertility-sparing surgery. After surgery, 13 @entity1 had @entity66 . With a median follow-up of 70 months, 317 @entity1 are alive with no clinical disease (eight with documented subclinical persistence of implants), three are alive with clinical disease, two died of disease, 10 died of other reasons, and seven @entity1 have been lost to follow-up. The recurrence of disease was higher after fertility-sparing surgery (35 of 189 cases) than after radical surgery (seven of 150 cases); nevertheless, all but one @entity1 with recurrence of borderline @entity5 or progression to @entity189 after conservative surgery were salvaged. We observed seven progressions (2.0%) into @entity189 , five in serous @entity5 (2.4%), and two in mucinous @entity5 (1.6%). The disease-free survival is 99.6% in stage I @entity1 , 95.8% in stage II, and 89% in stage III. CONCLUSION: The survival of @entity1 with borderline @entity5 is higher than previously described in some retrospective studies. Conservative surgery is safe and may be proposed to several @entity1 with early and disseminated disease after thorough discussion of all therapeutic options. Progression to @entity189 is approximately 2% and may be observed in both @entity5 .

title: Behavior of borderline @entity5 with particular interest to persistence, recurrence, and progression to XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'borderline ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macroscopic residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mucinous and serous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['invasive carcinoma']


abstract: Published clinical experience with hamamelis ointment in @entity1 is limited. This observational study included @entity1 (age 27 days to 11 years) with minor @entity272 , @entity1909 , or localized inflammation of skin. The @entity1 received either hamamelis ointment or @entity22785 ointment in groups at a 3-to-1 ratio. Baseline and post-treatment assessments compared the total scores of predefined signs and symptoms for each condition. Physicians and parents were asked for a global assessment of efficacy and tolerability of the respective treatments at the end of therapy. A total of 309 @entity1 were treated (hamamelis n = 231; @entity22785 n = 78). The treatment groups were comparable regarding demographic data and baseline total scores of signs and symptoms. In all three diagnosis groups, the efficacy of hamamelis and @entity22785 was shown by a statistically significant and clinically relevant decrease of total scores from baseline to endpoint (p < 0.0001 for each group, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Overall, the results for the hamamelis and the @entity22785 groups were similar. Descriptive advantages for the hamamelis group were observed for a number of parameters and diagnosis groups. Both treatments were well tolerated. Ratings of the tolerability of hamamelis were "excellent" or "good" in 99.1% (physicians) and 98.2% (parents) of cases, respectively. The corresponding ratings for @entity22785 were 97.4 and 92.3%. In conclusion, hamamelis ointment is an effective and safe treatment for certain @entity272 in @entity1 up to the age of 11 years. The observed effects are similar to @entity22785 .

title: Hamamelis in XXXX with @entity272 and @entity272 : results of an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity22785 :: ('MESH:C007288', 'Chemical') :: ['dexpanthenol']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['diaper dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders', 'skin injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Increased global protein synthesis and selective translation of mRNAs encoding proteins contributing to @entity5 is common in @entity5 cells. This is often associated with elevated expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 ( @entity4043 ), the rate-limiting factor of cap-dependent translation initiation. We report here that in @entity1 @entity320 downregulation of miR-768-3p as a result of activation of the @entity8047 ( @entity8047 )/extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( @entity3963 ) pathway has an important role in the upregulation of @entity4043 and enhancement in protein synthesis. @entity320 cells displayed increased nascent protein production and elevated @entity4043 expression, which was associated with the downregulation of miR-768-3p that was predicted to target the 3'-untranslated region of the @entity4043 mRNA. Overexpression of miR-768-3p led to the downregulation of the endogenous @entity4043 protein, reduction in nascent protein synthesis and inhibition of cell survival and proliferation. These effects were efficiently reversed when @entity4043 was co-overexpressed in @entity320 cells. On the other hand, introduction of anti-miR-768-3p into melanocytes upregulated endogenous @entity4043 protein expression and increased global protein synthesis. Downregulation of miR-768-3p appeared to be mediated by activation of the @entity8047 / @entity3963 pathway, in that treatment of @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) @entity320 cells with the mutant @entity817 inhibitor @entity17169 or exposure of either @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) or wild-type @entity817 @entity320 cells to the @entity8047 inhibitor @entity5732 resulted in the upregulation of miR-768-3p and inhibition of nascent protein synthesis. This inhibition was partially blocked in cells cointroduced with anti-miR-768-3p. Significantly, miR-768-3p was similarly downregulated, which was inversely associated with the expression levels of @entity4043 in fresh @entity320 isolates. Taken together, these results identify downregulation of miR-768-3p and subsequent upregulation of @entity4043 as an important mechanism in addition to phosphorylation of @entity4043 responsible for @entity8047 / @entity3963 -mediated enhancement of protein synthesis in @entity320 .

title: Repression of microRNA-768-3p by @entity8047 / @entity3963 signalling contributes to enhanced mRNA translation in XXXX @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity8047 :: ('5609', 'Gene') :: ['mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase', 'MEK']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity35 chronically treated with @entity3175 (2 mg/kg per day, i.p.) for 21 days were tested 96 h after the last injection in both the forced swim test (inescapable stress) and in an active avoidance test (escapable stress). The influence of @entity2049 (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) administered 25 min prior to each behavioral task was investigated. Withdrawn animals showed a reduced time spent in immobility in the forced swim test and an enhanced latency to escape in the active avoidance test. Both behavioral effects were normalized by a single @entity2049 administration. An additional experiment was performed to investigate the effect of a forced swim experience on cortical @entity2865 uptake following @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) stimulation 96 h after @entity3175 withdrawal, and the influence of a single administration of @entity2049 on these effects. An increased @entity2865 uptake was observed in vehicle-treated @entity35 but not in @entity3175 -withdrawn animals following the swimming experience. @entity2049 pretreatment enhanced @entity2865 uptake after @entity3175 withdrawal but did not modify @entity2865 flux in stressed or unstressed vehicle-treated @entity35 . These results support the hypothesis that @entity3175 withdrawal affects the ability to develop adaptive responses to stress and that @entity2049 can normalize such an alteration.

title: XXXX normalizes the altered behavioral and neurochemical response to stress in benzodiazepine-withdrawn @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine', 'Carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['Carbamazepine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4032 in @entity4794 predisposes to @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) prior to the onset of an @entity943 may show alterations in autonomic balance that are known to predispose to the development of @entity955 . The aim of this study was to determine whether HRV in @entity1 with @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ) is abnormal in comparison to normal controls, and to find the relationship between left atrial size and HRV in @entity1 with @entity4794 in sinus rhythm and in @entity955 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A series of 24-hour ambulatory Holter electrocardiogram recordings were obtained for 10 consecutive, newly diagnosed untreated subjects with pure @entity4794 in sinus rhythm, 10 with @entity4794 complicated by @entity955 and 10 age-matched normal controls. Digitized records were processed using time domain and power spectral analysis. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity4794 in sinus rhythm, we observed significant decrease of the standard deviation of the RR intervals (SDRR), as well as of the root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD) and Edinburgh index (sNN50), while in @entity1 with @entity955 , the RMSSD and sNN50 were much larger than those in normal. The areas under all spectral bands were markedly increased in @entity1 with @entity955 compared with normal. Furthermore, the high low frequency/high frequency (HLF/HF ratio) ratio was very small compared to normal. HRV measures were independent of atrial size in both groups. CONCLUSION: Decreased HRV in @entity4794 @entity1 with sinus rhythm suggests increased sympathetic activity in @entity1 prone to @entity955 , while marked increased of HRV in @entity1 with @entity955 may indicate that parasympathetic activity modulates the intrinsic behavior of the atrioventricular node during @entity955 . The evaluation of HRV may be a useful tool for the identification of @entity1 predisposed to @entity955 .

title: Heart rate variability in XXXX with @entity4794 : a study of 20 cases from King Abdulaziz University Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'rheumatic mitral stenosis', 'mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['Left atrial enlargement']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stenosis of @entity50 following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the most common reason for revision surgery. Chitosan-dextran (CD) gel has been shown to be an effective hemostatic agent; however, its effects on @entity850 are unknown. This study aims to quantify the effect of CD gel on circumferential scarring following ESS. METHODS: A prospective, blinded, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in 26 @entity1 undergoing ESS. Measurements of neo-ostia were taken using a standard-sized measuring probe. CD gel was applied unilaterally, while contralateral sides received no gel. Ostial diameters were measured by a blinded observer at 2, 8, and 12 weeks postoperation. Sinus ostial areas calculated as a proportion of the original were compared for each ostium at each time point. RESULTS: Intraoperative ostial areas were comparable for CD gel and control sides (38 mm(2) vs 39 mm(2) , 131 mm(2) vs 120 mm(2) , and 203 mm(2) vs 193 mm(2) , in frontal, sphenoid, and maxillary ostia, respectively; p > 0.05). CD gel significantly improved sinus ostial patency. The largest difference was seen when ostial areas at 12 weeks were compared with their corresponding baseline areas (66% vs 31% frontal, p < 0.001; 85% vs 47% sphenoid, p < 0.001; and 74% vs 54% maxillary ostia, p = 0.002). The difference between raw ostial areas reached statistical significance in sphenoid (p < 0.001) and maxillary (p = 0.01), but not in frontal ostia (p > 0.05) at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: CD gel produced significantly less @entity850 of all neo-ostia following ESS and may reduce the necessity for revision surgery in @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis.

title: A blinded randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of chitosan gel on XXXX following endoscopic sinus surgery.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['ostial stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus ostia']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['ostial stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is gaining ground over other investigations particular in study of brain and soft tissues. The MRI procedure is painless but requires an immobile @entity1 for a successful study. @entity1 are required to be sedated or anesthetized for this procedure. We compared two inhalational anesthetics, namely @entity2614 and @entity5161 , for the recovery profile of each with aim to determine the ideal drug for early discharge of @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 100 @entity1 aged 3 yrs to 10 yrs (ASA I and II) were divided into Group S ( @entity2614 ), Group I ( @entity5161 ). The induction time, duration of the MRI study, recovery and discharge times were recorded. The data were subjected to Students t-test and Levene's test for equal variance. RESULTS: In Group S, 27 male and 23 female were enrolled in comparison to 30 male and 20 female in Group 1. The induction time in Group S resulted in a mean of 133.7 seconds +/- 19.32), Group I yielded a mean of 157.44 seconds (+/- 24.20) p > 0.05). The mean recovery time with Group S was 124.4 seconds (+/- 31.57) when compared with Group I a mean of 376.46 seconds (+/- 58.20) p < 0.05. The mean discharge time in Group S was 25.20 minutes (+/- 5.71) in comparison to a mean of 37.40 minutes (+/- 7.43) p < 0.05 in Group I. CONCLUSION: @entity2614 can be an ideal inhalational anesthetic for Volatile Induction and Maintenance Anesthesia (VIMA) in @entity1 under going daycase MRI examinations.

title: Recovery profile for magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric daycase-- XXXX vs. @entity5161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of @entity1875 precondition against @entity2227 ( @entity367 ) @entity2359 to neonatal @entity35 cerebrocortical slices. METHODS: Brain slices of Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were cultured in vitro and observed the morphologic changes. Brain slices were randomly divided into three groups: blank control group, @entity367 injury group (1 mmol/L @entity367 for 0.5 hour), @entity1875 precondition group (20 mg/L @entity1875 for 24 hours), each n=12. Changes in pathological and ultra-structure of cells were observed using microscope. @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate was measured. Meanwhile, the expression of @entity40 ( @entity40 ) was detected by immunohistochemical technology, then the positive cell were counted. RESULTS: Cultured brain slices of cell were intact and survived well. @entity1710 - @entity1711 (HE) staining, electron microscopy and LDH test results showed that cerebral film neuron severely damage, @entity5219 , @entity4 , LDH leakage rate in @entity367 injury group were significantly more severe compared with blank control group [(68.5  2.0)% vs. (16.0  2.5)%, P<0.01]. Reduce the brain slice of the @entity1875 pretreatment group of neuronal cell jury, cell shape recovery significantly reduced LDH leakage rate compared with the @entity367 injury group [(38.5  2.4)% vs. (68.5  2.0)%, P<0.05]. Immunohistochemical detection of @entity40 expression of @entity367 injury group glial cell body swelling, producing increase in the number of @entity40 positive reaction strong, the number of positive cells compared with blank control group was significantly increased (50  5 cells/HP vs. 10  3 cells/HP, P<0.01). The recovery of @entity1875 pretreatment group glial cell morphology, cell processes slender @entity40 positive reaction decreased the number of positive cells compared with the @entity367 injury group was significantly decreased (30  4 cells/HP vs. 50  5 cells/HP, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1875 pretreatment has protective effect against @entity367 injured @entity35 cerebrocortical slices.

title: [The protective effect of XXXX pretreatment on @entity2227 injury of neonatal @entity35 brain slices].

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: Five nondiabetic, chronically @entity988 @entity1 presented in a @entity772 state during a two month prospective study and were found to be ketoacidotic. All of the @entity1 were @entity1 , 28 to 59 years old. The usual history was one of chronic heavy, daily @entity167 consumption until one to three days before presentation, when persistent @entity448 , @entity1661 , @entity390 and @entity391 commenced, with abstention from food thereafter. The @entity1 were found to be in @entity772 , with diaphoresis, @entity7405 and @entity591 , and immediately awoke when intravenous infusion of @entity413 was started. Serum @entity413 ranged between 19 and 27 mg per dl, the average arterial pH was 7.19 and the mean anion gap was 25 mEq per liter. Reaction with Acetest tablets was positive for @entity16623 in both serum and urine in three of the patients. Serum beta-hydroxybutyrate was elevated in the four @entity1 in whom it was measured. @entity8193 was not present. All @entity1 were managed with prolonged intravenous infusions of @entity413 and saline solutions, and within 12 to 18 hours they were feeling well and findings on serum chemistry studies were normal. Follow-up after three months showed no repeated difficulties. The combination of @entity988 and @entity772 in nondiabetic @entity1 has not been described in the literature as a clinical entity; it may, however, represent a common but unrecognized syndrome. Therefore, because of its potentially serious consequences and because treatment is simple and effective, this entity must be thought of in @entity988 @entity1 with @entity1032 .

title: XXXX with ketoacidosis in nondiabetic alcoholics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic ketoacidosis', 'alcoholic']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distress']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose', 'hypoglycemic coma']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['Lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['Hypoglycemic coma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present clinical, radiologic, and arthroscopic results of @entity1 with @entity11665 of the temporomandibular joint; to introduce a technique for removal of loose bodies in different areas; and to summarize the indications of therapeutic arthroscopy according to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. @entity1 AND METHODS: From April 2001 to April 2010, 33 consecutive @entity1 underwent arthroscopy. Their demographics, clinical manifestations, imaging studies, arthroscopic findings, treatments, and outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS: The predominant symptoms were @entity158 , limitation of mouth opening, and joint sounds. @entity1143 was shown on MRI in 21 of 33 @entity1 . Mass lesions were shown on MRI in 29 of 33 cases. The presence of loose bodies was shown in 31 cases under an arthroscope. @entity1373 was noted in 12 @entity1 . Bony erosion of the articular surface was discovered in 11 @entity1 . Thirty-two @entity1 underwent therapeutic arthroscopy. Smaller loose bodies were commonly removed with joint lavage or biopsy forceps in 24 @entity1 . Fragmentation with forceps or a wider additional incision was applied to remove larger loose bodies in 7 @entity1 . Debridement was applied to remove @entity75 in 7 @entity1 . Coblation was used to remove the hyperplastic synovium in 10 of 32 @entity1 . Eight @entity1 were lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 38 months. No recurrence was suspected clinically and radiologically. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic arthroscopy was appropriate for @entity1 with separate mass lesions and no extra-articular extension. Surgical treatment comprised thorough removal of loose bodies and affected synovial tissues.

title: Arthroscopic management for XXXX of the temporomandibular joint: a retrospective review of 33 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Obvious joint effusion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intrasynovial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Synovial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity11665 :: ('MESH:D015838', 'Disease') :: ['synovial chondromatosis']

answer: @entity11665 :: (MESH:D015838,Disease) :: ['synovial chondromatosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the gene expression pattern in @entity35 hepatic fibrogenesis and further assess the role of some key genes during the pathological process. METHODS: @entity1575 was induced by intraperitoneal injection of @entity1232 or @entity4314 ( @entity14605 ) injection subcutaneously in @entity35 , and identification of the @entity1575 related genes with cDNA microarray was performed. After some key genes up-regulated during the development of @entity1575 were screened and confirmed, their effects on the function of the activated @entity35 hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were assessed using the small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique. RESULTS: Using an Atlas @entity35 cDNA array, a number of differentially expressed genes in fibrotic liver tissues were identified compared with non-diseased control. A total of 15 genes predominantly associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway were upregulated in the fibrotic liver. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the expressions of both extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and @entity14446 ( @entity14446 ), two of the key genes in the MAPK pathway, were remarkably induced, which was closely correlated to that of collagen types I and III during the development of @entity1575 . Transfection of siRNA targeting @entity10861 mRNA (siERK1) into HSC led to a 66% and 72% reduction of @entity10861 mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Furthermore, siERK1 exerted the inhibition of the proliferation of HSC, accompanied by the induction of HSC apoptosis and reduction of collagen types I and III. In addition, siERK1 abolished the effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB on the proliferation of HSC. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provided strong evidence for the participation of the MAPK pathway in the pathogenesis of @entity1575 . Selective targeting of @entity10861 inhibitors to HSC might present as a novel strategy for the treatment of @entity1575 .

title: Differential expression genes analyzed by cDNA array in the regulation of XXXX hepatic fibrogenesis.

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis', 'Hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity14446 :: ('83840(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['RSK', 'ribosomal protein S6 kinase']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is known to stimulate plant drought tolerance. However, the molecular basis for the direct involvement of AM fungi (AMF) in plant water relations has not been established. Two full-length aquaporin genes, namely GintAQPF1 and GintAQPF2, were cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA 5'- and 3'-ends from an AMF, @entity30855 . Aquaporin localization, activities and water permeability were examined by heterologous expression in @entity375 . Gene expression during symbiosis was also analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. GintAQPF1 was localized to the plasma membrane of @entity375 , whereas GintAQPF2 was localized to both plasma and intracellular membranes. Transformed @entity375 cells exhibited a significant decrease in cell volume on @entity1457 and faster protoplast bursting on @entity1457 . @entity968 ( @entity970 ) stimulated, but @entity653 inhibited, the aquaporin activities. Furthermore, the expression of the two genes in arbuscule-enriched cortical cells and extraradical mycelia of @entity2829 roots was also enhanced significantly under drought stress. GintAQPF1 and GintAQPF2 are the first two functional aquaporin genes from AMF reported to date. Our data strongly support potential water transport via AMF to host plants, which leads to a better understanding of the important role of AMF in plant drought tolerance.

title: First cloning and characterization of two functional aquaporin genes from an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity30855 :: ('4876', 'Species') :: ['Glomus intraradices']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypo-osmotic shock', 'hyperosmotic shock']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity30855 :: (4876,Species) :: ['Glomus intraradices']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether either natural or recombinant @entity3027 can improve the response to radiotherapy (RT) in @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ), and to assess the role of @entity3027 in radiation-induced @entity651 . All @entity1 had previously participated in a randomised trial of chemotherapy alone or in combination with @entity3027 in three arms (arm O: no @entity3027 , arm I: natural @entity3027 , arm II: recombinant @entity3027 ). @entity1 with locally progressive disease in the lungs following chemotherapy were treated with RT and they continued with their concomitant @entity3027 . The RT dose was 50 Gy. Radiation-induced @entity651 was assessed by lung function tests, computed tomography and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis which included cell findings, Interleukin (IL)-1 alpha/-1 beta expression by alveolar macrophages and surfactant components. Seventeen @entity1 were entered in the study, 16 of whom were evaluable. Response rates in Arms O, I and II were 50, 67 and 50%, respectively. Median survival was 18.5, 7 and 23 months respectively, and 1-year survival was 67, 29 and 75% respectively. Long-term survival as assessed by 2- and 3-year survival rates was 29% in @entity1 receiving natural @entity3027 as compared to 17% in @entity1 not receiving @entity3027 (not statistically significant findings). Every @entity1 had abnormal results when assessed for radiation-induced @entity651 . No statistically significant difference was found in toxicity between the treatment arms. A high @entity3231 /phospholipid ratio and a high level of @entity3231 in BALF before RT was associated with a high degree of radiation-induced @entity651 measured by lung function tests and computed tomography in all arms of the study. Thus, we could not show that the combination of @entity3027 and RT induced more @entity358 than RT alone as we did in our previous study. The role of high @entity3231 /phospholipid ratios and high @entity3231 levels in BALF before RT as predictors of the development of @entity651 after RT needs to be determined in the future.

title: Tumour response and radiation-induced @entity651 in XXXX with recurrent @entity151 treated with radiotherapy and concomitant interferon-alpha.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3231 :: ('653509', 'Gene') :: ['surfactant protein (SP)-A', 'SP-A']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung toxicity']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-alpha', 'IFN', 'interferon (IFN)-alpha']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiarrhythmic drugs prolong the atrial action potential and refractory period, and thereby prevent recurrent @entity955 after cardioversion. The atrial action potential normalises after 2-4 weeks of sinus rhythm, suggesting that antiarrhythmic drugs might not be needed beyond that period. Therefore, we investigated whether short-term antiarrhythmic drug treatment after cardioversion is non-inferior to long-term treatment. METHODS: We enrolled @entity1 in a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint assessment trial between May 4, 2007, and March 12, 2010, at 44 centres in Germany. Eligible @entity1 were adults with persistent @entity955 undergoing planned cardioversion. After successful cardioversion, @entity1 were randomly assigned in permuted blocks of six per centre to: no antiarrhythmic drug treatment (control); treatment with @entity6237 (200-300 mg per day) for 4 weeks (short-term treatment); or @entity6237 for 6 months (long-term treatment). The primary endpoint was time to persistent @entity955 or @entity204 . @entity1 and clinicians were unmasked to group assignment and treatment. The primary outcome was assessed in a core laboratory, members of which were masked to treatment group. @entity1 were monitored for 6 months by daily telemetric electrocardiograph (ECG) and centrally adjudicated Holter ECG recordings whenever @entity955 was noted in two consecutive ECGs. Analyses were per protocol. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN62728742. FINDINGS: After assay sensitivity was established with 4-week follow-up data from 242 @entity1 showing that @entity6237 was superior to no treatment (Kaplan-Meier survival 70  2%vs 52  5%; p=0  0160), the trial continued to compare short-term versus long-term treatment. The primary outcome occurred in 120 (46%) of 261 @entity1 receiving short-term treatment and in 103 (39%) of 263 @entity1 receiving long-term treatment (event-free survival 48  4% [95% CI 41  9-55  0] vs 56  4% [49  1-63  6]; Kaplan-Meier estimate of difference 7  9% [-1  9 to 17  7]; p=0  2081 for non-inferiority; margin prespecified at 12%). In a post-hoc landmark analysis of @entity1 who had not reached the primary endpoint in the first month, long-term treatment was superior to short-term treatment (Kaplan-Meier estimate of difference 14  3% [5  1-23  6]; hazard ratio 0  31 [0  18-0  56]; p=0  0001). INTERPRETATION: Short-term antiarrhythmic drug treatment after cardioversion is less effective than is long-term treatment, but can prevent most recurrences of @entity955 . FUNDING: The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 3M Medica, and MEDA Pharmaceuticals.

title: Short-term versus long-term antiarrhythmic drug treatment after cardioversion of XXXX (Flec-SL): a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint assessment trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The effect of multiple intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of [D- @entity19035 , D-Pen5]enkephalin ( @entity13848 ), a delta-opioid receptor agonist, on the activity of @entity842 synthase (NOS) was determined in the brain regions and spinal cord of the @entity19 . Male Swiss Webster @entity19 were injected twice daily with @entity13848 (20 micrograms/ @entity19 , i.c.v.) or its vehicle for 4 days. This procedure has previously been shown to induce tolerance to the antinociceptive actions of @entity13848 in @entity19 . On day 5, the animals treated with @entity13848 were either sacrificed 20 min after an i.c.v. injection of @entity13848 (tolerant) or without any injection (abstinent i.e., 16 h after the last injection of @entity13848 ). NOS activity in brain regions (cortex, striatum, hippocampus, midbrain, pons/medulla, @entity2339 and cerebellum) and spinal cord was determined by the rate of conversion of @entity369 into citrulline. Tolerance to @entity13848 was associated increases in NOS activity in midbrain (49%) and pons/medulla (32%) and decreases in cerebellum (28%) and spinal cord (44%). However, NOS activity was unchanged in the cortex, corpus striatum, hippocampus and @entity2339 . On the other hand, during abstinence from @entity13848 , NOS activity increased in midbrain (84%) and @entity2339 (35%) but decreased in cerebral cortex (27%) cerebellum (27%) and spinal cord (20%). NOS activity was unchanged in the corpus striatum, hippocampus and pons/medulla. Previous studies from this laboratory had demonstrated that chronic administration of mu- and kappa-opioid receptor agonists results in increases NOS activity in certain brain regions and that tolerance to mu- and kappa-, but not to delta-opioid receptor agonists, is attenuated by NOS inhibitors. The present studies, for the first time, demonstrate decreases in NOS activity in certain brain regions and spinal cord of @entity19 treated chronically with delta-opioid receptor agonist. Furthermore, these findings may explain the inability of NOS inhibitors to attenuate tolerance to @entity13848 in @entity19 .

title: Effect of chronic administration of [D- XXXX , D-Pen5] enkephalin on the activity of @entity842 synthase in brain regions and spinal cord of @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity19035 :: (66340(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Pen2']


abstract: Podocyte injury, a major contributor to the pathogenesis of @entity2316 , is caused at least in part by the excessive generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Overproduction of @entity224 by the @entity1110 oxidase isoform @entity14856 plays an important role in podocyte injury. The plant extract silymarin is attributed antioxidant and antiproteinuric effects in @entity1 and in animal models of @entity2316 . We investigated the effect of @entity28041 , the active constituent of silymarin, in cultures of @entity19 podocytes and in the OVE26 @entity19 , a model of @entity6 and @entity2316 . Exposure of podocytes to high @entity413 (HG) increased 60% the intracellular @entity224 production, 90% the @entity1110 oxidase activity, 100% the @entity14856 expression, and 150% the number of apoptotic cells, effects that were completely blocked by 10  M @entity28041 . These in vitro observations were confirmed by similar in vivo findings. The kidney cortex of vehicle-treated control OVE26 @entity19 displayed greater @entity14856 expression and twice as much @entity224 production than cortex of @entity28041 -treated @entity19 . The glomeruli of control OVE26 @entity19 displayed 35% podocyte drop out that was not present in the @entity28041 -treated @entity19 . Finally, the OVE26 @entity19 experienced 54% more pronounced @entity633 than the @entity28041 -treated animals. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a protective effect of @entity28041 against HG-induced podocyte injury and extends this finding to an animal model of @entity2316 .

title: The antioxidant XXXX prevents high @entity413 -induced oxidative stress and podocyte injury in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity28041 :: (MESH:C440975,Chemical) :: ['silybin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cases of @entity231 surgery without penetrating keratoplasty in @entity1 with @entity14417 are very rare. We report a case of @entity14417 with tilted lens due to @entity5862 between the lens and @entity1539 that was treated with @entity231 surgery without penetrating keratoplasty. CASE PRESENTATION: A 16-year-old @entity1 had @entity14417 in both eyes. @entity5575 was severe in the left eye due to high-grade dysgenesis of the anterior segment. In the right eye, @entity5575 had spread from the center of the @entity267 to the inferotemporal side, and there was @entity5862 between the @entity1539 and corneal endothelium from the inferonasal side to the inferotemporal side. Opacity was observed in the anterior pole of the lens, and there was @entity5862 between the anterior @entity1539 and the lens. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) revealed that the lens was tilted because of @entity5862 . The tilted lens induced @entity940 , which reduced visual acuity to 20/250, in conjunction with a @entity231 . @entity231 surgery was performed; the @entity5862 between the lens capsule and the @entity1539 was severed, an intraocular lens was inserted, and the tilt was repaired. UBM was used postoperatively to confirm that the lens capsule @entity5862 had been corrected and that the intraocular lens was not tilted. As a result, visual acuity improved to 20/100; @entity726 and expansion of @entity5575 were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Severing of the @entity5862 between the @entity231 and @entity1539 , during @entity231 surgery, in a @entity1 with @entity14417 resulted in favorable postoperative visual acuity.

title: @entity231 surgery for tilted lens in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal opacity', 'corneal opacity']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity14417 :: ('MESH:C537884', 'Disease') :: ["Peters' anomaly type 2", "Peters' anomaly"]

answer: @entity14417 :: (MESH:C537884,Disease) :: ['peters' anomaly type 2']


abstract: Background and Aim. In the @entity29 ( @entity29 ), many symptoms are similar to the @entity2383 @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). A challenge is thus to distinguish symptoms of @entity8787 from @entity1744 . The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of calprotectin in @entity1744 -positive @entity8787 @entity1 in remission. Methods. Remission was defined as a simple clinical @entity1960 activity index (SCCAI) or simple @entity30 activity index (SCDAI) score of less than three and less than four, respectively. The Rome II criteria were used to identify cases, and the calprotectin ELISA test was used to quantify @entity1190 in stools. Results. The Rome II criteria were fulfilled in 24.6% of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 , while the comparable number for @entity30 ( @entity30 ) was 21.4%. There was a tendency for elevated fecal calprotectin levels in @entity1744 -positive @entity1 , regardless of diagnosis. However, these differences were only significant in @entity30 . Conclusions. Calprotectin levels are elevated in subgroups of @entity8787 @entity1 that are in remission and have coexisting @entity1744 -like symptoms. This study underscores the clinical usefulness of a noninvasive marker to distinguish @entity1 in need of intensified followup from those that do not need further workup.

title: Calprotectin Is a Useful Tool in Distinguishing Coexisting Irritable Bowel-Like Symptoms from That of Occult Inflammation among @entity29 XXXX in Remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1190 :: ('MESH:D039841', 'Chemical') :: ['calprotectin']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["crohn's disease", 'CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBDs', 'inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['functional disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: There is increasing evidence suggesting that both angiogenesis and @entity130 are involved in GVHD. To study the dynamics of angiogenesis, we examined 26 @entity1 with @entity3052 who had undergone allogeneic haematopoietic @entity12497 . All were in CR and had either acute GVHD (aGVHD) or chronic GVHD (cGVHD). We performed immunohistochemical studies of BM microvessel density (MVD) using Abs against @entity3545 , @entity2280 and CD105, and expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and its receptors @entity6758 and @entity319 . At the time of diagnosis, the MVD in @entity3052 @entity1 was higher than that in the normal controls, and the MVD decreased after induction chemotherapy. @entity1 with aGVHD had a significantly higher MVD than @entity1 without aGVHD. Conversely, @entity1 with cGVHD did not have a significantly different MVD. In previous aGVHD, we also found more @entity7 + megakaryocytes. XY FISH in sex-mismatched @entity1 showed that the BM blood vessels consisted mainly of recipient endothelial cells. Taken together, these results suggest that new vessel formation and the @entity7 / @entity319 system are involved in aGVHD.

title: GVHD after allogeneic haematopoietic @entity12497 for @entity3052 : angiogenesis, XXXX and @entity7 receptor expression in the BM.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3545 :: ('1003', 'Gene') :: ['vascular-endothelial (VE)-cadherin']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial injury']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity784 (T-LBL) are commonly treated on @entity11511 ( @entity11511 ) -derived protocols. Therapeutic stratification based on response to the prephase treatment and on minimal residual disease assessment is well established in @entity11511 but is not easy to extrapolate to T-LBL. The identification of molecular prognostic markers at diagnosis in T-LBL could provide an alternative for early therapeutic stratification. Our study determines the frequency and prognostic value of @entity125 / @entity26562 mutations (N/F(mut)), FLASH deletion at chromosome 6q, and @entity6057 rearrangements in a prospective cohort of pediatric T-LBL. @entity1 AND METHODS: Pathologic samples were obtained at diagnosis for 54 @entity1 treated according to the EuroLB02 protocol in France. N/F(mut) were identified by direct sequencing and allelic dosage was used to detect FLASH and TCRy deletions, which were interpreted in conjunction with TCRy, @entity6057 , and @entity6057   rearrangements. RESULTS: N/F(mut) were found in 55% of T-LBL @entity1 , in whom they were associated with improved event-free survival (P < .01) and overall survival (P < .01). FLASH monoallelic deletions were observed in 18% of @entity1 ; they were predominantly N/F wild-type (six of nine) and tended to be of inferior prognosis (P = .09). Absence of biallelic TCRy deletion (ABD) was seen in 7%, all of which were N/F(mut) and identified a poor prognosis group (P = .02). On multivariate analysis of N/F(mut), TCRy ABD, and FLASH deletion, only N/F(mut) was an independent factor for good prognosis. CONCLUSION: Mutational status of @entity125 / @entity26562 represents a promising marker for early therapeutic stratification in pediatric T-LBL.

title: Clinical impact of @entity125 and/or XXXX mutations, FLASH deletion, and @entity6057 status in pediatric T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T-ALL', 'T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity26562 :: (55294,Gene) :: ['FBXW7']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Uncontrolled @entity548 remains one of the leading causes of @entity130 -induced @entity204 . Treatment recommendations focus on fresh frozen plasma and blood cell transfusions, whereas plasma concentrates or single coagulation factors have been studied in recent years. The effect of recombinant @entity1 prothrombin factor II (rhFII, 8mg/kg), activated recombinant @entity1 factor VII (rhFVIIa, 300 g/kg), plasma-derived @entity1 fibrinogen (pdhFib) (200mg/kg), activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC, 40IU/kg), a three-factor combination intended as a minimal PCC (8mg/kg rhFII, 640 g/kg recombinant @entity1 factor X (rhFX), and 12 g/kg rhFVIIa), and vehicle were investigated in a porcine model of @entity1003 with uncontrolled @entity548 . Survival time and @entity190 were determined up to 120min after induction of @entity99 . Rotational thromboelastometry EXTEM coagulation time and maximum clot firmness, prothrombin time, @entity556 -antithrombin complex (TAT), @entity556 generation (endogenous @entity556 potential, ETP) were measured at baseline, after dilution, drug administration, and end of experiment. rhFII, the three-factor combination, and aPCC significantly (P<0.01) decreased @entity190 vs. vehicle and rhFII also vs. fibrinogen (P<0.05). Survival times increased significantly for rhFII, aPCC, rhFVIIa, and pdhFib vs. vehicle (P<0.05), and, coagulation time, maximum clot firmness, and prothrombin time improved in all groups. TAT and ETP increased transiently for rhFII and three-factor combination, whereas persistently increased for aPCC. PdhFib and rhFVIIa did not increase TAT and ETP. rhFII decreased @entity190 and improved hemostatic markers and survival. In vivo, @entity556 generation (TAT) and potential to form @entity556 (ETP) were transiently elevated by rhFII. Addition of rhFVIIa and rhFX to rhFII did not further improve hemostatic efficacy.

title: Recombinant XXXX prothrombin reduced @entity190 in a porcine model of @entity1003 with uncontrolled @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['dilutional coagulopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We reviewed the incidence and treatment of flexor carpi radialis @entity924 in 77 @entity1 (81 thumbs) who had trapeziectomy and abductor pollicis longus suspensionplasty for thumb carpometacarpal joint @entity625 . Eighteen @entity1 , 20 wrists (25%) had flexor carpi radialis @entity924 . The onset was 2-10 months (mean 4.7) after surgery. Two cases had preceding @entity130 . Eight cases (40%) responded to splinting and @entity134 injection. Ten @entity1 , 12 wrists (60%) underwent surgery after failing non-operative treatment. Eleven wrists had frayed or partially torn flexor carpi radialis tendon and one had a complete @entity397 with pseudotendon formation. Flexor carpi radialis tenotomy and pseudotendon excision were performed. All operated @entity1 obtained @entity158 relief initially post-operatively. However, the @entity158 recurred in two @entity1 after 8 months. One required a local steroid injection for localized tenderness at the site of the proximal tendon stump. The other @entity1 required a revision operation for scaphotrapezoid impingement. Both obtained complete @entity158 relief. Our study has shown a high incidence of flexor carpi radialis @entity924 following trapeziectomy and abductor pollicis longus suspensionplasty. @entity1 should be warned about this potential complication.

title: High incidence and treatment of flexor carpi radialis @entity924 after trapeziectomy and abductor pollicis longus suspensionplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['good pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['basal joint arthritis']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Extended lymphadenectomy in @entity5 leads to improved long-term survival without compromising postoperative outcomes in Western @entity1 to attain the standard achieved in Japanese centers. DESIGN: Cohort study comparing postoperative outcomes and long-term survival with data from the National @entity5 Center (NCC) of Tokyo, Japan. Outcomes were also compared with data from the UK National Oesophago-Gastric @entity5 Audit (NOGCA) and a representative cohort from southeast England. Prospectively collected data were independently audited. SETTING: University medical center. @entity1 : From 2003 to 2010, 100 @entity1 underwent gastrectomy and 109 underwent esophagectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative mortality and morbidity and long-term overall survival. Lymph node count was used as a measure for the extent of lymphadenectomy. RESULTS: One @entity204 occurred after esophagectomy and none after gastrectomy. @entity834 rate was approximately 2% in both cohorts. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year overall survival after gastrectomy and esophagectomy were 58.4% and 47.8%, respectively. Postoperative mortality and technical complications for @entity356 resections were similar to NCC rates (P = .20). Stage for stage 5-year survival rates in @entity1 with @entity5 were similar to outcomes in the NCC. The 5-year survival for @entity1 with @entity356 was worse for those with stage I (P < .001) and better for those with stage IV (P < .001) disease compared with NCC rates. Postoperative outcomes and long-term survival were significantly better than those reported by the NOGCA and the data from the southeast of England (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that postoperative outcomes and long-term survival after @entity5 resection can be improved in Western @entity1 to the highest standard achieved in Japan.

title: Improving outcomes after XXXX resection: can Japanese results be reproduced in Western centers?

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesphageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer and stages II and III gastric cancer', 'gastroesophageal cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric and esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal cancer']


abstract: The mutant @entity19 @entity18338 (sg) harbors a deletion within the gene encoding the @entity1968 receptor-related orphan receptor-alpha (RORalpha). Homozygotes show aberrant cerebellar development. However, the mechanisms responsible for the @entity76 are still poorly understood. In the present study, the involvement of neurotropins (NTs), including nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotropic factor, NT-3 and @entity28082 , and their receptors, which play a crucial role in brain development, on the cerebellar defects of sg @entity19 was studied by semiquantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization histochemistry. An evident alteration of these mRNA levels was observed in both heterozygotes and homozygotes. Such difference was most evident in the internal granule cell layer. Because the changes in NT expression as well as morphological alterations in sg cerebellum are similar to those in @entity1375 animals, the effect of mutant RORalpha (RORsg) on transcriptional regulation through the thyroid hormone (TH) response element or the ROR response element (RORE) was then studied. RORsg neither activated the transcription through RORE nor suppressed RORalpha-induced transcription, indicating that it does not function as a dominant negative inhibitor. On the other hand, although wild-type RORalpha augmented TH receptor ( @entity26019 / @entity11952 -mediated transcription through various TH response elements, RORsg was not effective in augmenting TR action. These results suggest that the @entity76 of the sg @entity19 is partly caused by the altered expression of NTs and the lack of augmentation of TR-mediated transcription by RORalpha as well as the absence of RORalpha action through RORE.

title: Alteration of cerebellar neurotropin messenger ribonucleic acids and the lack of thyroid hormone receptor augmentation by @entity18338 -type XXXX receptor-related orphan receptor-alpha mutation.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar defect']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: Three cases of @entity4539 (I.M.) and subacute @entity4889 (S.S.P.E.) in @entity1 are reported. In two of the cases, I.M. preceded the appearance of S.S.P.E. symptoms. The other case of S.S.P.E. was associated with apparent @entity4539 . All three @entity1 died within 3 months of S.S.P.E. being diagnosed and had pathological changes characteristic of that disease and raised levels of measles antibody. Two of the @entity1 had apparent T-cell-associated abnormalities which suggested a degree of I.M.-associated immunosuppression. The relation between the two conditions remains obscure.

title: XXXX -associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4539 :: ('MESH:D007244', 'Disease') :: ['coincidental infectious mononucleosis', 'mononucleosis encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing panencephalitis']

answer: @entity4539 :: (MESH:D007244,Disease) :: ['Mononucleosis']