abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the increased use of @entity1486 (PSA) testing over the last 15 years has changed the @entity263 presents in an inner city UK population, where PSA screening rates might be expected to be lower than in epidemiological studies based in North America, where there is a significant tendency to a localized stage and earlier age at diagnosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study comprised a 5-year retrospective and 5-year prospective analysis of data on 704 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 over the 10-year period since the introduction of PSA testing (1994-2003). RESULTS: The median (range) age at presentation remained unchanged, at 72 (45-94) years; the PSA level at diagnosis was 20-46 microg/L, with a steady decline after 1997. There was no significant change in stage at diagnosis; overall, 38 (20-44)% presented with clinically localized disease, 37 (31-48)% with locally advanced and 25 (18-29)% with @entity3 . The Gleason grade changed significantly, with more moderately differentiated @entity5 and a decline in well-differentiated @entity5 . Closer examination showed this to have been due to a change in diagnostic practice rather than a true population trend. PSA testing increased over the 10 years of the study (2.35 times), with requests from general practitioners rising seven times, compared with urologists or other hospital doctors (1.25 and 2.3 times, respectively). Community PSA testing remained lower than in other reported UK series, which may be explained in part by the lower socio-economic status of the population assessed. CONCLUSION: There was no apparent change in @entity1 age or @entity5 stage in @entity1 presenting with @entity263 over a 10-year period after the introduction of PSA testing. While there was an increase in PSA testing during the study period, the testing rate remains much lower than in other reported series from the UK.

title: The increased rate of @entity1486 testing has not affected XXXX presentation in an inner city population in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['way prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancers', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to review our @entity1 with complications of @entity102 media (CSOM) and compare with literature. This retrospective study was performed over 10 years in our tertiary referral university hospital. During this period 4,630 @entity1 with CSOM were admitted to the department and 906 @entity1 underwent a surgery. From the records of the 4,630 @entity1 , 121 @entity1 (2.6%) with complications were identified. Of the 906 CSOM @entity1 that underwent a surgery, 511 had @entity3540 , and 395 had granulation and/or polyp tissue. Ninety-four of 511 (18.4%) @entity1 with @entity3540 and 27 of 395 (6.8%) @entity1 with granulation and/or polyp tissue had a complication. Of the 121 complicated CSOM @entity1 , 57 extracranial (47.1%) and 37 intracranial (30.6%). Multiple combined complications were occurred in 27 (22.3%) @entity1 . The @entity2267 was the commonest extracranial complication (28.3%); it was followed by @entity11389 (9%), @entity3541 (8.4%), and @entity733 (1.3%). The most common intracranial complication was @entity2458 (19.5%), followed by perisigmoid sinus abscess (13.5%), @entity693 (9%), @entity867 (6.5%), and extradural abscess (4.5%). Most frequent intraoperative finding of complicated CSOM @entity1 was @entity3540 , with the exception of @entity1 with @entity3541 . There was no mortality in any of our @entity1 . The additional morbidities were recorded in 25 @entity1 (20.6%). In this study, we emphasize the importance of an accurate and early diagnosis, followed by adequate surgical therapy and a multidisciplinary approach.

title: Complications of XXXX media: a retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11389 :: ('MESH:D007762', 'Disease') :: ['labyrinthitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic suppurative otitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ["Bezold's abscess"]

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoid abscess']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2458 :: ('MESH:D020227', 'Disease') :: ['lateral sinus thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic suppurative otitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity113 ( @entity113 ) is a life-threatening complication of intravenous thrombolysis. Our objective was to compare outcomes of @entity1 with and without @entity113 . METHODS: We prospectively included consecutive @entity1 who received intravenous thrombolysis for @entity2806 at Lille University Hospital. We examined tongue and lips every 15 minutes during thrombolysis and <= 30 minutes after. We evaluated the 3-month outcome with the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and compared outcomes of @entity1 with and without @entity113 . RESULTS: Of 923 consecutive @entity1 , 20 (2.2%) developed @entity113 . None of them needed oro-tracheal intubation. They were more likely to be under angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR], 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-9.7; P=0.005) to have @entity1188 (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.5-16.5; P=0.004) and tended to develop more symptomatic @entity1779 . Results concerning angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were not modified after adjustment for propensity scores (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.6-11.9; P=0.004) or matched analysis based on propensity scores (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3-8.1; P=0.010). @entity1 with @entity113 did not significantly differ at 3 months for the proportion of @entity1 with mRS score of 0 to 1 (adjOR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.3-2.1), mRS score of 0 to 2 (adjOR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.1-1.8), and @entity204 (adjOR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.3-3.8). CONCLUSIONS: @entity113 occurs in 1 of 50 @entity1 who receive intravenous thrombolysis, 1 of 10 in case of @entity1188 , and 1 of 6 if they are under angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Their long-term outcome does not differ from that of other @entity1 .

title: Orolingual @entity113 During or After Thrombolysis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['total insular infarcts', 'total insular infarct']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['OLAE', 'Orolingual angioedema']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhages']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Selected @entity1 with double hepatic and pulmonary metastases from @entity14 may benefit from operation. METHODS: From 1970 to 1995, 239 @entity1 underwent operation for resection of pulmonary metastases from @entity14 at two French surgical centers. Among these @entity1 , 43 (18%) had previously undergone complete resection of hepatic metastases and constitute the subject of this retrospective study. RESULTS: The median interval time between hepatic and pulmonary resections was 18 months. Two pneumonectomies, 5 lobectomies, 3 segmentectomies, 6 wedge resections, and 27 metastasectomies were performed. No postoperative mortality was observed. Two @entity1 had major @entity260 . Seven @entity1 (16%) underwent subsequent pulmonary resection for recurrences. Twenty-one @entity1 were still alive, 14 free of disease. The median survival from pulmonary resection was 19 months and the 5-year probability of survival was 11%. Prethoracotomy carcinoembryonic antigen blood levels and the number of pulmonary resection were found to be significant prognostic factors; the interval time between hepatic and pulmonary resection (> 36 months) was borderline significant (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Selected @entity1 with combined hepatic and pulmonary metastases from @entity14 should be considered for surgical resection. @entity1 with normal prethoracotomy carcinoembryonic antigen levels and late metachronous pulmonary metastasis, appear to be the best surgical candidates.

title: Surgical treatment of hepatic and pulmonary metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for @entity5 can result in @entity5 and involved nodes. In @entity1 without @entity41 on imaging and endoscopy (clinical complete response [cCR]) a wait-and-see-policy (omission of surgery with follow-up) might be considered instead of surgery. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate feasibility and safety of a wait-and-see policy with strict selection criteria and follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with a cCR after chemoradiotherapy were prospectively selected for the wait-and-see policy with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endoscopy plus biopsies. Follow-up was performed 3 to 6 monthly and consisted of MRI, endoscopy, and computed tomography scans. A control group of @entity1 with a pathologic complete response (pCR) after surgery was identified from a prospective cohort study. Functional outcome was measured with the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) bowel function questionnaire and Wexner @entity322 score. Long-term outcome was estimated by using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 with cCR were included in the wait-and-see policy group. Mean follow-up was 25    19 months. One @entity1 developed a local recurrence and had surgery as salvage treatment. The other 20 @entity1 are alive without disease. The control group consisted of 20 @entity1 with a pCR after surgery who had a mean follow-up of 35    23 months. For these @entity1 with a pCR, cumulative probabilities of 2-year disease-free survival and overall survival were 93% and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSION: A wait-and-see policy with strict selection criteria, up-to-date imaging techniques, and follow-up is feasible and results in promising outcome at least as good as that of @entity1 with a pCR after surgery. The proposed selection criteria and follow-up could form the basis for future randomized studies.

title: Wait-and-see policy for clinical complete responders after chemoradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['complete disappearance of tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The increase in childhood @entity28 over the past several decades, together with the associated health problems and costs, is raising grave concern among health care professionals, policy experts, @entity1 's advocates, and parents. Patricia Anderson and Kristin Butcher document trends in @entity1 's @entity28 and examine the possible underlying causes of the @entity28 epidemic. They begin by reviewing research on energy intake, energy expenditure, and "energy balance," noting that @entity1 who eat more "empty calories" and expend fewer calories through physical activity are more likely to be @entity28 than other @entity1 . Next they ask what has changed in @entity1 's environment over the past three decades to upset this energy balance equation. In particular, they examine changes in the food market, in the built environment, in schools and @entity1 care settings, and in the role of parents-paying attention to the timing of these changes. Among the changes that affect @entity1 's energy intake are the increasing availability of energy-dense, high-calorie foods and drinks through schools. Changes in the family, particularly an increase in dual-career or single-parent working families, may also have increased demand for food away from home or pre-prepared foods. A host of factors have also contributed to reductions in energy expenditure. In particular, @entity1 today seem less likely to walk to school and to be traveling more in cars than they were during the early 1970s, perhaps because of changes in the built environment. Finally, @entity1 spend more time viewing television and using computers. Anderson and Butcher find no one factor that has led to increases in @entity1 's @entity28 . Rather, many complementary changes have simultaneously increased @entity1 's energy intake and decreased their energy expenditure. The challenge in formulating policies to address @entity1 's @entity28 is to learn how best to change the environment that affects @entity1 's energy balance.

title: XXXX : trends and potential causes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Childhood obesity']


abstract: @entity7306 is a group I antiarrhythmic drug which is mainly used for the treatment of ventricular and supraventricular rhythm disturbances. Commonest side effects result from @entity7306 's anticholinergic activity. Other side effects such as @entity4053 have been reported less frequently. We report one observation of @entity7306 induced @entity4053 , and a review of the literature is presented. Including our observation, 14 cases (9 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 , aged from 41 to 88) have so far been reported. Doses of @entity7306 ranged from 200 to 1,200 mg per day, administered from one day to one year. Symptomatology was mainly neurologic (12 @entity1 ) and two @entity1 were clinically asymptomatic. The outcome was favorable in all but the 2 @entity1 who died with persistent @entity4053 after a single dose of 250 mg in one @entity1 and after 400 mg daily during 4 days in the other (without stopping the drug). Renal function was markedly impaired in 9 @entity1 , two of these @entity1 being on a long term dialysis therapy. Blood levels of @entity7306 were measured in 7 @entity1 and ranged from 1 to 11.4 ng/ml. In five @entity1 it was in the normal range (1-4 ng/ml). Three @entity1 were rechallenged for @entity7306 : @entity4053 occurred in all, without clinical symptoms in two of them. The main risk factors of @entity7306 induced @entity4053 are a preexisting @entity177 , advanced age, and @entity3147 . In these @entity1 normally non toxic @entity7306 blood levels, as defined in normal subjects, seem to be inappropriately high. We suggest that in @entity1 at risk, @entity7306 blood levels should be maintained at the lower range of therapeutic level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -induced @entity4053 : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['Disopyramide', 'disopyramide']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity7306 :: (MESH:D004206,Chemical) :: ['Disopyramide']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Several pharmacological properties of @entity47705 extract have been reported including anti-oxidant, anti- @entity5 , and reduced @entity5 cell invasion. This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of @entity47705 extract on the production of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Raw 264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS/METHODS: Pro-inflammatory cytokines including @entity5 @entity39 factor-a and interleukin-6 were determined by ELISA and cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible @entity842 synthase expression was evaluated using western blot analysis. In addition, the signaling pathway controlling the inflammatory cascade such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), activator proteins-1 ( @entity9829 ), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was determined. RESULTS: Our results showed that @entity47705 polar extract fraction ( @entity47706 ), but not non-polar extract fraction, inhibited interleukin-6, @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, and @entity842 production in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. @entity47706 also reduced the expression of inflammatory enzymes, inducible @entity842 synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, activation of @entity9829 and NF-kB transcription factor in the nucleus was abrogated by @entity47706 . @entity47706 inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun @entity2733 -terminal kinase, and @entity1995 signaling responsible for the expression of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Based on chemical analysis, high amounts of @entity22271 and @entity23382 were detected in the @entity47706 fraction. However, only @entity22271 reduced NF-kB and @entity9829 activation in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of @entity47706 may stem from the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators via suppression of the @entity9829 , NF-kB, and MAPKs pathways.

title: Anti-inflammatory effects of @entity22271 -rich @entity47705 extract via suppression of MAPK, XXXX and NF-kB pathways in Raw 264.7 macrophages.

entities_list: @entity23382 :: ('CHEBI:23053', 'Chemical') :: ['catechins']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity22271 :: ('MESH:C013221', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidin']

answer: @entity9829 :: (16476(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['AP-1']


abstract: @entity2332 is a common complication in @entity1 with extensive burns, receiving massive volumes of fluid for resuscitation at ambient temperature. It is therefore important to maintain the body temperature of @entity1 with extensive burns. The present study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of warm fluid for @entity130 resuscitation. Ten @entity235 were used in this study. Full-thickness burns, involving 40% of the body surface, were generated in the backs of the animals. In the control group (n = 5), the fluid temperature was maintained at about 23 degrees C, while in other group (n = 5), the temperature of the fluid was maintained at 39 degrees C with a warming device. Cardiac output and urinary output were measured in both groups for up to 24 hours. The cardiac output decreased in all animals during the first two hours following injury. The cardiac dynamics remained @entity308 in the control group. By contrast, in animals treated with warm fluid, the cardiac output returned to the baseline level within 4 hours of resuscitative measures and then decreased slightly for the subsequent 20 hours. The urinary output was better in animals treated with warm fluid, indicating the improved hemodynamic state in these animals. These results suggested that the hemodynamic state in @entity697 was ameliorated by the use of warm fluid. Therefore, warmed fluid resuscitation might be useful to perform immediate excision and grafting for the @entity1 with extensive burns in @entity697 .

title: Usefulness of warm fluid in acute burn resuscitation: an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute burn shock']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: We retrospectively reviewed 75 total hip arthroplasties to examine the effect of acetabular component position. In group A, 38 of the components were implanted according to manufacture's instructions with all peripheral fins in contact with acetabular bone; as such, the acetabular components were in a relatively vertical position with a mean angle of inclination of 61.9 degrees. Three of these @entity1 developed recurrent dislocations necessitating revision of the acetabular component. In group B, 37 hips, a more horizontal orientation was used despite the fact that all of the peripheral fins of the acetabular component did not engage acetabular bone; in this group the mean angle of inclination was 49.7 degrees. Only one of these hips recurrently dislocated and required revision. There were no problems in this group associated with provisional component stability caused by inadequate peripheral fixation. Radiographs of all @entity1 were obtained at 4 years after surgery (range, 4.0-4.3 years). @entity530 had occurred in 24% of hips in group A and 13% of group B. Asymmetric @entity691 wear was observed in 5.1% of the hips in group A; no hip in group B showed wear asymmetry. Acetabular component migration developed in 19% of group A hips and 5% of group B hips. The Mayo clinical hip score was excellent in both groups: group A 71/80, group B 73/80. At an intermediate follow-up it is clear that significant problems can be encountered when this component is positioned in a relatively vertical position to facilitate engaging all four peripheral fins in bone. We have addressed this problem by placing the cup in a more anatomic position of inclination while maintaining provisional rim fixation. This has resulted in a decreased incidence of @entity530 and fewer complications overall.

title: Effect of acetabular component orientation on recurrent dislocation, XXXX , @entity691 wear, and component migration.

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic osteolysis', 'Pelvic osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['pelvic osteolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate whether intensive treatment with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) according to a strict protocol and a computerised decision program is more beneficial compared to conventional treatment with @entity1500 in early @entity309 . METHODS: In a two-year multicentre open label strategy trial, 299 @entity1 with early @entity309 were randomly assigned to the intensive strategy group or the conventional strategy group. @entity1 in both groups received @entity1500 , the aim of treatment being remission. @entity1 in the intensive treatment group came to the outpatient clinic once every month; adjustment of the @entity1500 dosage was tailored to the individual @entity1 on the basis of predefined response criteria, using a computerised decision program. @entity1 of the conventional strategy group came to the outpatient clinic once every three months; they were treated according to common practice. @entity205 was added if @entity1 had an inadequate response to maximal tolerated @entity1500 doses. RESULTS: Seventy six (50%) @entity1 in the intensive strategy group achieved at least one period of remission during the two year trial, versus 55 @entity1 (37%) in the conventional strategy group (p = 0.03). Areas under the curve for nearly all clinical variables were significantly lower-that is, there was a better clinical effect for the intensive treatment group compared with the conventional treatment group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that it is possible to substantially enhance the clinical efficacy early in the course of the disease by intensifying treatment with @entity1500 , aiming for remission, tailored to the individual @entity1 . Furthermore, participating rheumatologists indicated that the computerised decision program could be a helpful tool in their daily clinical practice.

title: Intensive treatment with XXXX in early @entity309 : aiming for remission. Computer Assisted Management in Early @entity309 (CAMERA, an open-label strategy trial).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze the type of @entity943 recurrence, based on stored electrograms, in @entity1 with a healed @entity583 ( @entity583 ) who received an implantable defibrillator. BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that @entity1 presenting with @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) tend to recur as @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ), whereas those suffering @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) tend to recur as @entity1165 . However, these data have not been confirmed in a homogeneous population of @entity1 with @entity583 . METHODS: A total of 88 @entity1 was divided into three groups according to their clinical presentation: @entity1165 (n = 57), @entity1167 (n = 16) or @entity1163 (n = 15). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics among groups. In the electrophysiologic study @entity1165 was induced in 93%, 94% and 80% of @entity1 , respectively (p = NS). During the follow-up period, 52% of @entity1 presented a total of 671 episodes of @entity943 treated by the defibrillator. All recurrences were as @entity1165 except for one @entity2224 . There were 610 episodes of @entity1165 treated with antitachycardia pacing, with an effectiveness of 96%. A total of 61 episodes was treated initially with cardioversion. No differences in the probability of recurrence were observed among groups, although the statistical power was low (50%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with an old @entity1188 and malignant @entity943 , the majority of recurrences are due to @entity1165 independently of the clinical presentation ( @entity1165 , @entity1167 or @entity1163 ) or the induced @entity943 at the electrophysiologic study. The programming of an antitachycardia zone seems to be appropriate also for @entity1 who present with @entity1167 or @entity1163 .

title: @entity943 recurrence in XXXX with a healed @entity583 who received an implantable defibrillator: analysis according to the clinical presentation.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia', 'SMVT']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This clinical study compared the healing capacities of @entity5418 and @entity5616 in the treatment of @entity2275 . Sixty @entity1 were assigned at random to treatment with either @entity5418 (1 g four times per day) or @entity5616 (150 mg twice per day). The @entity1 underwent endoscopy before inclusion in the study, after four weeks, and after eight weeks if the @entity1066 had not completely healed after the fourth week (phase I). @entity1 whose @entity1066 had healed were invited to participate in phase II, consisting of maintenance treatment for one year. The dosage was 1 g @entity5418 twice per day or 150 mg @entity5616 before going to bed. The @entity1 underwent a clinical examination every three months and endoscopy every six months, and whenever symptoms suggested a relapse. After four weeks, the @entity1066 in 53 percent of the @entity5418 -treated @entity1 (16 of 30) had healed, compared with 56 percent of the @entity5616 -treated @entity1 (17 of 30). After eight weeks, the cumulative healing rates were 83 percent (25 of 30) and 86 percent (26 of 30), respectively. At the six-month follow-up visit, the relapse rates were seven of 21 (33.3 percent) in the @entity5418 group and nine of 18 (50 percent) in the @entity5616 group. After 12 months, the accumulative relapse rates were eight of 18 (44.4 percent) and nine of 18 (50.0 percent). The only side effects worth noting were mild @entity1142 in four @entity1 treated with @entity5418 . One @entity1 in the @entity5616 group had @entity925 and one reported @entity10 in phase I. In conclusion, @entity5418 appears to be as effective as @entity5616 in the short-term treatment of @entity2275 and in relapse prophylaxis.

title: @entity5418 versus XXXX in the treatment of @entity2275 . Randomized clinical results in short-term and maintenance therapy.

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the current state of research evidence related to cognitive interventions for individuals with @entity195 or related @entity303 . METHOD: A systematic search of the literature was conducted across 27 electronic databases based on a set of a priori questions, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and search parameters. Studies were appraised for methodological quality and categorized according to intervention technique and outcome (e.g., @entity73 or activity limitation/participation restriction). Results were summarized and, when possible, analyzed quantitatively using indicators of treatment effect size. RESULTS: Forty-three studies met criteria for inclusion in the review. The most commonly used cognitive intervention techniques used were errorless learning, spaced-retrieval training, vanishing cues, or verbal instruction/cueing. Most treatment outcomes were measured at the @entity73 level of functioning and were generally positive. However, results should be interpreted cautiously because of methodological limitations across studies. CONCLUSIONS: Research evidence to support the use of cognitive interventions for individuals with @entity303 is accumulating. Researchers are beginning to evaluate treatment efficacy, yet the focus tends to be on discovery, specifically, refining intervention variables that will facilitate optimal outcomes. Implications for clinical practice and avenues for future research are discussed.

title: An evidence-based systematic review on cognitive interventions for individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive-communication impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 have rarely been described as involving the orbital bones. In this article we present the radiological and clinical properties, diagnosis and treatment of an orbital @entity5 case with primary @entity2742 caused by @entity3243 . CASE REPORT: A 38-year-old @entity1 presented with left-sided @entity158 and history of leg @entity158 from 1.5 years before that time, with walking difficulties. In imaging, left maxillary erosion was found. She underwent an excisional biopsy and the mass was diagnosed histologically as @entity1712 . A few months later the @entity1 had right-sided @entity158 again and progressive @entity227 . In images, fluid-fluid level was noted in the cystic component of the mass. Right side exophthalmus and downward deviation of the globe was seen. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined extra-conal complex mass, with hypointense on T-1 and hyperintense on T-2 weighted images with fluid-fluid levels. Postoperatively the @entity1 vision improved dramatically. Excision of the @entity3243 normalized her metabolic status. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is an extremely rare manifestation of primary @entity2742 . Delay in diagnosis can result in unnecessary complications. The management is multi-disciplinary, and therapeutic options should target the underlying cause.

title: XXXX of primary hyperparathyroidism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Brown tumor', 'Brown tumors', 'brown tumor']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Maxillary and orbital brown tumor']


abstract: Controversy exists concerning @entity7894 placement for supracondylar humerus @entity174 in @entity1 . Both crossed @entity7894 and lateral only @entity7894 configurations have shown good results; however, prospective studies are lacking. We present a prospective, surgeon-randomized study comparing crossed @entity7894 (group A, n = 20) versus preferential lateral only @entity7894 (group B, n = 20) fixation for displaced supracondylar humerus @entity174 . There was no difference in Baumann's angle (P>0.75), the humerotrochlear angle (P>0.85), or final elbow range of motion (P>0.25). Both groups had stable reductions and clinically normal alignment. The only complication in both groups was a transient ulnar nerve irritation, despite no intraoperative evidence of nerve violation with a nerve stimulator. One @entity1 in each group required modification of the operative plan. In group B, one @entity1 had a medial @entity7894 inserted because of medial comminution extending proximally limiting available lateral @entity7894 placement. In group A, the surgeon elected to use lateral pins only because of an obviously subluxating ulnar nerve. In conclusion, we recommend orthopedic surgeons treating unstable pediatric supracondylar humerus @entity174 be facile with both medial and lateral @entity7894 placement.

title: Prospective, surgeon-randomized evaluation of crossed pins versus lateral pins for unstable supracondylar humerus @entity174 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: During radiotherapy, maintaining the @entity1 in a relaxed and comfortable state helps ensure respiratory regularity and reproducibility, thereby supports accurate respiratory tracking/gating treatment. Criteria to evaluate @entity1576 , regularity, and phase robustness are therefore needed to aid for the treatment system numerically and medical observers visually. This study introduces a new concept of @entity5 kinematics that describes the trajectory of @entity5 motion with respiration, leading to the minimum jerk theory. Using this theory, this study proposes novel respiratory criteria for @entity1576 , regularity, and phase robustness. METHODS: According to @entity5 kinematics, @entity5 motion follows the minimum curvature/jerk trajectory in 4D spacetime. Using this theory, the following three respiratory criteria are proposed: (1) @entity1576 Us, the residual sum of the squared difference between the normalized average free respiratory wave (single inhalation/exhalation averaged over each 10 phases) and the normalized minimum jerk theoretical respiratory wave; (2) respiratory regularity Cj16, the cumulative jerk squared cost function sampling every 0.2 s with a peak adjustment coefficient, 16; and (3) respiratory phase robustness (L  ), a second-order partial differential in the respiratory position for regarded Cj16 as the respiratory position function. To verify these respiratory criteria, values obtained from CyberKnife tracking marker log data for 15 @entity1 were compared with regard to the correlation error between the correlation model and the imaged @entity5 position, as well as with the number of remodels. The Cj16 growth curve was also compared between 15 @entity1 and 15 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: In the 15 @entity1 , data with Us < 1 and @entity48043 s) < 10 000 satisfied average/maximum correlation errors of less than 1/3 mm. Data with higher Us values (less @entity1576 ) and higher @entity48043 s) values (less respiratory regularity) demonstrated more than 3 mm average/5 mm maximum correlation errors and an increased number of remodels. The data for the 15 @entity1 and 15 volunteers demonstrated that the Cj16 growth curve over 120 s from the start of sampling indicated @entity1 -specific respiratory trends and that the distribution of L   clearly showed the respiratory phase shift. In 22 of 30 subjects, the degree of change in the Cj growth curve trends from 60 to 120 s was 22%    13% (average    SD). In contrast, the residual data observed when Cj16 > 1000 showed minimum and mean changes of 91% and 180%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The authors developed and verified novel respiratory criteria for @entity1576 , regularity, and phase robustness obtained using @entity5 kinematics and minimum jerk analysis. These criteria should be useful in monitoring respiratory trends on a real-time basis during treatment, as well as in selecting optimal breathing for tracking/gating radiation treatment and defining numerical goals for respiratory training/gating.

title: A concept for classification of optimal breathing pattern for use in radiotherapy tracking, based on XXXX kinematics and minimum jerk analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'respiratory tumor']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory naturalness']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['respiratory tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of @entity1707 organs transgenic for @entity1 decay accelerating factor ( @entity9819 ) has largely overcome the problems of hyperacute rejection. With improved immunosuppressive protocols, life supporting grafts are showing greater survival times bringing the possibility of clinical xenotransplantation closer. Examination of the histopathology of the rejection process provides insight into the underlying mechanism and may suggest ways in which new immunosuppressive strategies should be directed. METHODS: 44 @entity6599 ( @entity3474 ) underwent heart transplants of which 39 were from transgenic donors. The transplanted organs were examined histologically and stained for evidence of immunoglobulin and complement deposition as well as cellular infiltrates. RESULTS: In the transgenic animals survival times were 2 to 99 days (mean 23.5) and the heterotopic group and 1 to 39 days (mean 11.7) in the orthotopic group. There were 3 cases of hyperacute rejection between the 2 groups. Rejected organs showed areas of old and recent @entity583 associated with vascular @entity715 . There was widespread deposition within vessels of immunoglobulins IgM and IgG together with complement fractions C3 and C5b to 9 in those organs that were rejected. The amount of complement positive in the longer surviving organs was less than those rejecting early. Cellular infiltate was predominantly macrophage with some later appearing T or natural killer cells. CONCLUSIONS: The histopathological changes support the importance of immunoglobulin and complement in delayed xenograft or acute vascular rejection. With time there is an increase in cellular infiltrate predominantly macrophages and these findings suggest an increasingly important role for the cells and the rejection process. The presence of areas of @entity1188 and underlying vascular @entity715 is in keeping with endothelial activation and the establishment of procoagulant phenotype which may be due to immunoglobulin, complement, secreted cytokines and direct cellular effects.

title: Histopathology of cardiac xenograft rejection in the @entity1707 -to- XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity3474 :: ('9555', 'Species') :: ['Papio anubis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['baboon']


abstract: The study examined the 10-year outcome in a cohort of 227 unselected, consecutive @entity1 (age 58+/-10 years) undergoing @entity301 between 1984 and 1986 and followed in a single cardiac center (Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center registry). In particular, we sought to identify the relative importance of the systemic risk factors @entity6 and @entity101 and the extent of @entity301 as opposed to procedure-related technical variables, the immediate success of the procedure, or completeness of revascularization. By life-table analysis (99% follow-up), 94% of the @entity1 were alive at 5 years, and 77% at 10 years after angioplasty. Ten-year survival was reduced in @entity1 with @entity6 (59% vs 83%, p = 0.0008), in @entity1 with previous @entity583 (68% vs 85%, p = 0.01), in @entity1 with ejection fraction <50% (55% vs 82%, p = 0.005), and in @entity1 with 3-vessel disease (58% vs 84% and 86% for 1- and 2-vessel disease, respectively, p = 0.04). @entity6 was the major independent predictor of poor survival (adjusted odds ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval 1.55 to 6.19, p = 0.001). Survival at 10 years was identical in 199 @entity1 in whom angioplasty was complete and in 25 in whom the balloon catheter did not cross the lesion, although bypass surgery was more frequent in the latter group (45% vs 21%, p = 0.001). Incomplete revascularization did not predict poor survival (72% vs 79% with complete angioplasty, p = NS). Event-free survival at 10 years for the whole group was 29%, and 49% of @entity1 survived with no event other than a single repeat angioplasty procedure. Multivessel disease, @entity101 , and @entity6 were independent predictors of decreased event-free survival, but incomplete revascularization was not. Thus, long-term outcome after @entity301 was related to @entity6 , systemic @entity101 , and extent of @entity301 , but not to the immediate success of the procedure or completeness of revascularization.

title: Importance of @entity6 and systemic XXXX rather than completeness of revascularization in determining long-term outcome after @entity301 (the LDCMC registry). Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary balloon angioplasty', 'coronary disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A retrospective cohort analysis, using data extracted from clinical notes, examined the validity of standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for cervical @entity5 as an indicator of the quality of health services by exploring the mortality at five years of @entity1 presenting with cervical @entity5 , identifying factors associated with survival, and studying the relationship of those factors to SMRs for the disease. The subjects were 1038 @entity1 aged 15-64 registered at the Yorkshire Cancer Registry as having @entity3 between 1979 and 1983. It was found that independent risk factors for mortality within five years of presentation were stage at diagnosis and smoking habit. Method of treatment had an effect that failed to reach statistical significance. Independent risk factors for late stage at presentation were absence of a history of cervical smear and increasing age. Considerable variation remained unexplained in both models. District SMRs were not related to five-year survival, stage at presentation or screening history. SMRs were related to proportions of smokers. It is concluded that SMRs are subject to considerable influence from a range of unidentified factors, as well as identified risk factors. They are too broad an indicator to be a valid measure of health service performance. The health service's ability to reduce case fatality does not outweigh the effects of incidence and severity. Better indicators would be survival to five years of those presenting at stage II or less and distribution of stage at presentation.

title: Standardized mortality from cervical XXXX : a measure of performance?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and the rate of @entity227 ( @entity227 ) progression in treated @entity726 . METHODS: In a clinic-based, retrospective study, data of consecutive primary open-angle and angle-closure @entity726 @entity1 with >=  5 VFs between 1989 and 2008 were analyzed. The Guided Progression Analysis software, which provides the rate of change of Visual Field Index per year, was used to assess the @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ). IOP measurements during the @entity227 examination visits were extracted, and mean, peak, and fluctuation (SD) of IOP during the follow-up were calculated. Relationships between IOP parameters and @entity1168 were analyzed using regression models. Other risk factors evaluated were age, sex, type of @entity726 , presence of @entity101 and @entity6 , severity of @entity227 at presentation, @entity726 surgery during follow-up, number of antiglaucoma medications, and follow-up duration. RESULTS: During the study period, 296 eyes of 213 @entity726 @entity1 had undergone >=  5 VFs. IOP fluctuation was the only IOP parameter significantly associated with @entity1168 (b=-0.37, P=0.02). Evaluated in a multivariate model with other risk factors, the severity of @entity227 at presentation (b=0.08, P=0.002) and IOP fluctuation (b=-0.35, P=0.02) remained significantly associated with @entity1168 . Greater IOP fluctuation was seen in eyes undergoing @entity726 surgery and eyes requiring more antiglaucoma medications during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term IOP fluctuation was the most important IOP parameter associated with increased @entity1168 of @entity227 . This association is likely due to the confounding effect of enhanced therapy in eyes suspected to be progressing.

title: Relationship between intraocular pressure and rate of XXXX in treated @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous VF loss', 'visual field', 'VF loss', 'VF damage', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['rate of progression', 'ROP']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field progression']


abstract: PURPOSE: Alkali-soluble collagen solution was assessed as a possible viscoelastic substance in anterior segment surgery, in terms of its safe applicability by assaying antigenicity, disappearance rate of collagen from the anterior chamber, and histopathological effect on the corneal tissue. METHODS: The @entity7462 of @entity95 was replaced with collagen solution three times. Then, follow-up clinical examinations with hand-slitlamp-microscopy, tonometry, pachymetry, and specular microscopy as well as ophthalmic histopathological examination were performed. Remaining collagen concentration in the @entity7462 at 1, 3, 5, 8, 24 and 72 hours after injection was determined to evaluate the disappearance rate of collagen from the @entity7462 with time. In vivo effects of chemical modification of collagen and buffer concentration on the corneal tissue were further studied by using @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) to find an optimum condition for collagen application. RESULTS: Neither anti-collagen antibody formation, nor inflammatory responses in the anterior segment and systemic symptoms were observed even after 3 injections of collagen solution, except for 1 case which showed @entity5575 . As much as 97.4% of the collagen injected into the anterior chamber disappeared from the eyeball. On the basis of @entity1579 findings, succinylated collagen in diluted @entity4613 buffer seems to be superior to alkali soluble collagen in terms of corneal tissue protection. CONCLUSION: Collagen specifically prepared for this study showed no antigenecity and disappeared promptly from the anterior chamber. The optimal form of collagen in terms of corneal protection was discussed.

title: [Safety studies on collagen viscoelastic substance as an auxiliary agent in anterior segment surgery--assays of anti-collagen antibodies in blood and residual concentration of collagen in the anterior chamber of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacity']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['TEM', 'transmission electron microscope']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pleurodesis performed either by pleurectomy or @entity456 is recommended in the approach to @entity5229 to avoid recurrence. However, the efficacy of parietal @entity456 in producing pleurodesis is questioned. This study aims to determine the efficacy of apical abrasion alone, abrasion plus fibrin sealant application, and pleurectomy in producing pleurodesis in @entity95 . METHODS: @entity95 were subjected to video-assisted thoracic surgery alone (control) or to video-assisted thoracic surgery with @entity12893 , abrasion plus fibrin sealant instillation, or apical pleurectomy. Blood samples were collected preoperatively and 48  h and 28  days postoperatively to measure total leukocytes (white blood cell count), neutrophil counts, and serum @entity20574 levels. After 28  days the animals were sacrificed for macroscopic evaluation of the degree of apical pleurodesis and microscopic evaluation of local @entity82 and collagen deposition. RESULTS: White blood cell and neutrophil counts were similar in all groups, whereas the serum @entity20574 level peaked at 48  h in all groups and decreased after 28  days, except in the pleurectomy group. After 28  days the abrasion plus fibrin sealant and pleurectomy groups had significantly more @entity456 , @entity82 , and collagen deposition than the abrasion alone group, mainly due to thick mature fibers. CONCLUSIONS: Abrasion with local fibrin sealant instillation is as effective as pleurectomy in producing pleurodesis in @entity95 . Apical pleurectomy elicits a more persistent elevation of serum @entity20574 levels than apical abrasion alone or abrasion plus fibrin adhesive instillation.

title: Abrasion Plus Local Fibrin Sealant Instillation Produces Pleurodesis Similar to  Pleurectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12893 :: ('MESH:D014072', 'Disease') :: ['apical gauze abrasion']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['primary spontaneous pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['pleural fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural adhesions', 'pleural abrasion']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbits']


abstract: @entity907 after head-up tilting is thought to be secondary to a complex, neurally-mediated reflex with both vasodepressor and cardioinhibitory efferent components. The efficacy of @entity4560 , an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, as a provocative agent for triggering @entity1163 during head-up tilt testing was evaluated. Forty-five consecutive @entity1 (22 female and 23 male) with history of recurrent unexplained @entity1163 received @entity4560 (10 mg intravenous) after 30 minutes of 60 degrees head-up tilting alone. Twenty normal control subjects (9 female and 11 male) were tested with head-up tilt testing and @entity4560 . @entity1163 was induced in 19 of 45 @entity1 with the diagnosis of unexplained @entity1163 . In 9 @entity1 who developed @entity1163 with head-up tilting alone, the predominant hemodynamic finding was marked vasodepression. In contrast, in 10 @entity1 who developed @entity1163 only after head-up tilting and @entity4560 , the predominant hemodynamic findings were marked vasodepression and @entity1168 . @entity1163 was induced in 1 of 20 normal subjects after head-up tilting and @entity4560 . There was no long-term complication from using @entity4560 . It is concluded that head-up tilt testing with @entity4560 : (1) significantly increases the identification of @entity1 with @entity907 , (2) may be particularly useful when provocation with @entity3044 is undesirable, and (3) may be an effective method to help differentiate @entity1 with a significant reflex cardioinhibitory component from those with a @entity2483 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX as a provocative agent for @entity907 during head-up tilt-table testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4560 :: ('MESH:D004491', 'Chemical') :: ['edrophonium']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syncope', 'Vasovagal syncope']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'Syncope']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['predominantly reflex vasodepressor component']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity4560 :: (MESH:D004491,Chemical) :: ['edrophonium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To introduce a safe and specific approach of @entity7352 NMR spectroscopy and investigate the alterations in hepatic anabolism functions including @entity2388 recycling, gluconeogenesis and anaplerosis in severely burned @entity35 . METHODS: Adult Spreque -- Dawley (SD) @entity35 were catheterized arteriovenously via left carotid and right external jugular vein under inhalation anesthesia and were randomly divided into burn group (B) and sham burn group (S). Fluid resuscitation started 20 min postburn. @entity1372 [1, 2, 3 -- (13)C] propionate (SP) was intravenously administered as a tracer at 72 postburn hour (PBH). @entity7352 NMR spectroscopy of extracted plasma and liver, arterial blood pressure, heart rate and plasma @entity413 and @entity1372 levels were measured. Metabolic parameters were calculated using a mathematical model of input -- output matrix to feed the @entity6626 cycle. RESULTS: When compared to those in C group, burned @entity35 exhibited a lower arterial blood pressure, but normal blood @entity413 at 72 PBH. Intravenous SP infusion did not alter MAP, heart rate and plasma @entity1372 . The form of blood sugar labeled by @entity7352 isotopomer was in excellent agreement with that from liver. After continuous infusion of SP for 45 mins, SP could reach metabolic steady status. The hepatic cellular gluconeogenesis, anaplerosis and the @entity505 flow rate in @entity2388 recycling significantly increased in B group when comparing to those in C group. But the carbon flow rate in Kreb's cycle decreased relatively, and hepatic pools of @entity493 , @entity367 and @entity1160 were enlarged obviously in burned @entity35 relative to sham burn group. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that intravenous infusion of SP would not alter MAP, heart rate and blood @entity1372 . Forty -- five mins after the intravenous infusion, the tracer could reach metabolic steady status. The form of blood sugar labeled by @entity7352 could represent that of hepatic sugar. Seventy -- two hours after major burns, there were increased hepatic anaplerosis, gluconeogenesis and @entity2388 recycling and a correspondent increased utilization ratio of blood sugar by peripheral tissue.

title: [Alterations of anabolism in hepatic cells of burned @entity35 measured by XXXX NMR spectroscopy].

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity7352 :: (CHEBI:36928,Chemical) :: ['(13)C']


abstract: Between 1986 and 1991, 120 @entity3330 were treated in 116 @entity1 . The treatment of choice was conservative in young @entity1 (overhead traction in 1- to 3-year-old @entity1 . Weber traction in 3- to 8-year-old @entity1 ). Operative treatment was indicated in older @entity1 : plate fixation was performed in @entity1 between 5 and 16 years of age, while external fixation was used in @entity1 aged 2-14 years. In a retrospective study 66 @entity3330 in 62 @entity1 were reviewed and limb length checked both clinically and by ultrasound measurement. For ultrasound evaluation a special device was constructed to provide standardized measuring conditions. In 27 cases we observed specific complications related to the method. In all cases @entity174 healing occurred, but in 7 cases it was necessary to change the method of treatment. Ultrasound measurement revealed mean limb lengthening of 5.5 mm after overhead traction (max. 11 mm) and of 7 mm (max. 25 mm) after Weber traction. The median difference in leg length after operative treatment was 5.5 mm (max. 15 mm) for plate fixation and 8.5 mm (max. 25 mm) for external fixation. Our results allow no definitive statement on the most suitable treatment for @entity3330 in @entity1 (conservative versus operative treatment), except that @entity1 under 3 years of age are best treated by overhead traction.

title: [Post-traumatic leg length inequality after conservative and surgical therapy of pediatric femoral shaft XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: This study aimed to compare the outcomes of @entity1 who suffered from obstructing left-sided @entity14 , treated with self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) as a bridge to surgery, with those who underwent emergency operation. Twenty @entity1 who had @entity697 due to left-sided @entity14 underwent surgical resection after insertion of SEMS (group I) were matched to 40 @entity1 with emergency colonic resection (group II). The two groups were compared for the incidence of primary @entity254 , stoma rate, hospital stay, duration of intensive care, postoperative morbidity, and mortality. Both groups had similar preoperative comorbidity and stage of disease, but the @entity5 in group I were more distally located (P < 0.001). In group I, one @entity1 developed @entity694 and required Hartmann's operation. All the other @entity1 underwent elective operation with primary @entity254 . In group II, primary @entity254 was performed in 29 @entity1 (72.5%; P = 0.047). The operative mortality of group I and group II was 5% and 12.5%, respectively (P = 0.653). Significantly shorter median postoperative hospital stay and median stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) were observed in group I (9 days [range, 5-39 days] vs. 12 days [range, 8-49 days], P = 0.015 and 0 day [range, 0-17 days] vs. 0.5 day [range, 0-18 days], P = 0.022, respectively). There were no differences in hospital mortality (P = 0.653) or 30-day mortality (P = 0.653). Both groups had similar reoperation rates, surgical complications, and medical complications. When compared with emergency resection, insertion of SEMS as a bridge to surgery for obstructing left-sided @entity14 is associated with a higher rate of primary @entity254 as well as a better outcome in terms of hospital stay and stay in the ICU. The wider application of this treatment option for obstructing @entity14 warranted further studies.

title: Self-expanding metallic stent as a bridge to surgery versus emergency resection for obstructing left-sided XXXX : a case-matched study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon perforation']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several factors inhibit cellular immune response by deactivating macrophages, but very few, such as those described here, prevent macrophage activation. METHODS: Ascites liquid from 12-day-old BALB/c @entity19 bearing 5178Y @entity706 was collected, and cell-free ascites liquid (CFAL) was separated from lymphoblasts. The supernatant (S1) was obtained from the homogenized and centrifuged lymphoblasts. Then, macrophage cultures containing 0.2 x 10(6) cells from @entity706 -bearing or healthy @entity19 were added to 10 microL of CFAL or S1, plus 5 micrograms of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/mL, 40 U interferon-gamma or a blend of both. Macrophages were incubated with CFAL or S1 prior to or after adding the activators to investigate whether any of the previously mentioned @entity706 inhibited macrophage activation or whether they deactivated them. The effect of CFAL or S1 was estimated as the diminution of the amount of @entity842 released by the experimental macrophage cultures with respect to controls (activated macrophages treated with none of the @entity706 ). RESULTS: LPS, @entity60 , and the LPS/gamma blend activated macrophages from both @entity706 -bearing and healthy @entity19 . None of the @entity706 deactivated macrophages. CFAL, but not S1, inhibited the macrophage activation, i.e., the percentage of inhibition of @entity842 releasing 76.7% and 78.1% in macrophages from healthy and @entity706 -bearing @entity19 , respectively. In addition, CFAL was unable to inhibit the macrophage-activation effect of @entity60 or the LPS/ @entity60 blend. CONCLUSIONS: @entity19 L5178Y @entity706 releases a factor that in vitro inhibits the macrophage activation induced by LPS, but not by @entity60 controls.

title: Detection of a factor released by L5178Y lymphoblasts that inhibits XXXX macrophage-activation induced by lipopolysaccharides.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoma tumors', 'lymphoma fractions']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Immunohistochemical studies of @entity816 tissue have predominantly shown fibronectin (FN) positivity restricted to vessels and @entity538 ( @entity538 ) positivity in the parenchyma. @entity11 cell lines, however, express both FN and @entity538 . We measured the DNA content of explants of @entity11 to determine if the ploidy of the FN-positive and @entity538 -positive cells differed. Thirty-three explants from four high grade @entity11 were cultured on slides. FN and @entity538 markers were determined by double immunofluorescence. The slides were stained by the Feulgen method, the explants relocated and the DNA content measured by microdensitometry using the CAS-100 instrument. @entity1 leukocytes applied to the slides were used as a diploid standard. Eleven @entity538 -positive explants were @entity981 and one hypodiploid. Five FN-positive explants were diploid, three hypodiploid and ten @entity981 . One FN-positive explant was biclonal with aneuploid subpopulations. Two @entity981 explants, each of which had monoclonal histogram patterns, expressed both FN and @entity538 . We conclude that most FN-positive cells, in addition to @entity538 -positive cells, from @entity11 represent neoplastic cells. These may be present in the @entity5 in low numbers or may result from marker switching in culture.

title: DNA content and marker expression in @entity1 XXXX explants.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Cultured glioma', 'cultured gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Functionally diverse @entity4176 / @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptors are generated by assembly of @entity2227 receptor ( @entity48751 subunits into homomeric and heteromeric channels. We examined @entity48751 gene expression in embryonic, neonatal, and adult @entity35 brain by northern analysis under conditions of high stringency. In the adult, hybridization to a @entity4860 riboprobe revealed the presence of an abundant RNA species, 5.2 kb in size, and minor bands of 3.2 and 3.9 kb. @entity139 hybridized to two species, 3.9 and 5.9 kb, of comparable abundance, presumably attributable to alternate splice products. Hybridization to the @entity18858 riboprobe showed a major species of 5.2 kb. This pattern of RNA species was invariant over all the brain regions examined. Examination of GluR expression in development revealed that in the postnatal period, @entity4860 , 2, and 3 mRNAs are regulated as a function of age. In adult @entity35 brain, @entity48752 mRNA expression was highest in hippocampus; @entity18858 was expressed at highest density in hippocampus and frontal cortex. The three transcripts were first detected at embryonic day 16 and then exhibited changes in expression levels in a region-specific manner. In hippocampus, all three transcripts exhibited elevated expression in the late neonatal period; in frontal cortex, elevated expression was observed for @entity48753 only. In striatum, all three transcripts were expressed at relatively low levels throughout development, with a modest peak at postnatal day 14. In cerebellum, the @entity4860 mRNA level was high from postnatal day 28 to adult.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Developmental regulation of mRNAs encoding XXXX brain kainate/ @entity140 receptors: a northern analysis study.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionic acid', 'AMPA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The paper reports the results of research of hair in the endemic @entity50469 area where water with @entity3494 content is 0.58 mg/L in Kuitun district, Xinjiang. In the area of endemic @entity50469 , the content of hair @entity3494 with @entity50469 @entity1 is higher than that of subjects without @entity50469 . Hair @entity3494 content among residents was also higher than those of control areas. The stretch and relative strength of hair of subjects living in the area of endemic @entity50469 were lower than those of the areas of control. The ultrastructure of hair surface has obvious pathologic changes by scanning electron microscope examination. By using a hygienic standard (the @entity3494 content of water being 0.03 mg/L) to improve the drinking water for two years, the content of hair @entity3494 has reduced, approaching 95% upper confidence limit for normal hair (1.5 micrograms/g). The stretch and relative strength of hair have distinctly increased. The ultrastructure of hair surface has returned to near normal. The results of our investigation show that we should pay attention to the latent harm to residents in the high- @entity3494 -content area. The authors consider that hair @entity3494 content, stretch and relative strength of hair are sensitive and objective indexes to monitor the effects of improving water quality in area of endemic @entity50469 .

title: [Research of the physicochemical properties of hair in endemic XXXX area].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity50469 :: (MESH:D020261,Disease) :: ['arsenism']


abstract: The clinical observation revealed that the @entity748 symptoms in most of the @entity1 began to be improved after several acupuncture treatments with the dosage of the drug gradually reduced. Generally, the dose of @entity821 per os was decreased by 2 mg every 10 days, while that of aerosol was controlled by the @entity1 themselves according to the condition of the disease. The symptoms in most of the @entity1 were markedly improved after 15 treatments, but the treatment should be continued for another 10 times to consolidate the curative effect. Thus, each @entity748 @entity1 needs to receive approximately 30 sessions of acupuncture treatment, lasting about 3 months. Thereafter, in order to prevent its relapse, the treatment should be administered 10 times each year in the summer season. It is worthy to be mentioned that, in this series, there was a female @entity1 who suffered from anaphylactic asthma induced by @entity235 's hair. She received 10 sessions of acupuncture treatment with no any improvement. In this case, the acupuncture treatment should not be given any longer. There were another two @entity1 @entity1 aged 5 and 7 years respectively, for them the above method of acupuncture treatment was difficult to be used. Therefore, the auricular pressing method combined with cupping was adopted instead. The auricular points selected were Shenmen, Lung, Large Intestine, sensitive point, Pingchuan, Subcortex, and Kidney. 5 points were used each time, and pressed with the seeds of Vaccaria which were changed every 3 days. The @entity1 were asked to press each of the points themselves 3 times a day (each time by 20 pressings). And Dazhui ( @entity48411 ), Feishu (UB 13), Pishu (UB 20) and Shenshu (UB 23) were cupped for 5 min. each time. The auricular pressing and cupping therapies may also be added for adult @entity1 to strengthen the curative effect. The 25 cases of hormone dependent @entity565 were treated by acupuncture, yielding a markedly effective rate of 56% with a total effective rate of 96%, indicating that good therapeutic results can also be expected in the western countries for those cases who have already been treated with hormones.

title: Clinical observation on 25 cases of hormone dependent XXXX treated by acupuncture.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: @entity5 @entity1 received @entity2891 plus @entity5899 for 673 febrile episodes presumed to be caused by @entity281 . Overall, 415 (76%) of the 545 evaluable episodes responded. There were 213 responses (84%) amongst the 254 fevers of unknown origin and 202 responses (69%) amongst the 291 documented @entity281 . Fifty-one (61%) of the 83 episodes @entity55 and 74 (64%) of the 115 episodes of @entity582 responded. Only 39 (58%) of the 67 @entity281 caused by Gram-positive bacteria responded compared with 55 (86%) of 64 Gram-negative @entity281 which included seven of eight caused by @entity796 . Eighteen (67%) of 27 @entity325 responded to the regimen. Response rates were significantly lower amongst the 125 @entity1 whose neutrophil counts decreased during therapy than amongst the 158 @entity1 whose neutrophil counts increased. Adverse events which were possibly or probably related to antibiotic therapy were observed during 73 of the episodes; the most commonly reported side-effects were @entity294 and @entity1910 . Six @entity1 developed a @entity1003 without @entity548 and two experienced anaphylactic reactions. In this open trial @entity2891 plus @entity5899 proved to be an effective regimen for initial therapy of @entity221 in @entity5 @entity1 . It should be combined with a glycopeptide in those institutions where @entity281 caused by @entity3256 -resistant staphylococci are frequently encountered.

title: An open trial of XXXX plus @entity5899 for the treatment of @entity221 in @entity5 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial infections']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

answer: @entity2891 :: (MESH:D002438,Chemical) :: ['cefoperazone']


abstract: The incidence of @entity418 continues to increase due to a rapid increase in @entity420 of the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. At least 50% of @entity1 present with @entity5 and most @entity1 with @entity66 will develop @entity3 despite potentially curative local therapy. Thus, the majority of @entity418 @entity1 will become candidates for palliative chemotherapy. Traditionally, single agents effective in this disease have included @entity900 , @entity1487 , and @entity1138 . The combination of @entity900 and continuous-infusion @entity1487 is the standard for both @entity957 and @entity420 , with a 25% to 35% response rate in @entity3 . More recently, @entity1311 has shown favorable results as a single agent or in combination with @entity900 in both disease histologies. One-hour weekly @entity1311 , a promising schedule with @entity137 , is under active investigation. Weekly @entity2600 and @entity900 is a highly effective new regimen in both @entity1544 with relatively @entity137 . @entity1206 has demonstrated response in @entity957 and has less @entity137 than its predecessor, @entity7324 . Use of newer agents in combination with concurrent radiotherapy in locally advanced disease is the subject of ongoing clinical trials.

title: Chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'little toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to introduce our protocol for contrast-enhanced multiphase dynamic ultrasonography (US) and examine the effectiveness of this method for characterizing @entity96 . METHODS: The subjects were 142 @entity1 with @entity96 . The final diagnoses were 58 @entity157 ( @entity157 ), 4 @entity201 ( @entity201 ), 14 @entity3 , 29 @entity2695 , 6 cases of @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ), and 31 other benign lesions. The contrast agent used was Levovist. A wide-band pulse inversion harmonic imaging mode was employed. Multiphase dynamic US was achieved by changing the sound transmission interval automatically from 0.3   s to 15.0   s according to a preset menu. Early arterial-phase images were observed at the short interval, and an equilibrium-phase image was observed at the longest interval. After a series of vascular images, a postvascular liver parenchymal image was obtained. Based on previously published criteria, the most compatible diagnosis was noted. The accuracy of this multiphase dynamic US technique for diagnosing focal @entity409 was examined by comparing our results with the final diagnosis based on a prospective study. RESULTS: The overall accuracy of all 142 cases was 93.7%. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were, respectively, 100%, 92.9%, and 90.6% for HCC; 88.9%, 97.6%, and 84.2% for @entity3 or CCC; 89.7%, 100%, and 100% for @entity2695 ; and 83.3%, 100%, and 100% for @entity4383 . CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced multiphase dynamic US is a highly accurate, safe diagnostic tool for characterizing @entity96 .

title: Contrast-enhanced multiphase dynamic ultrasonography for the characterization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['CCCs', 'cholangiocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['FNH', 'focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCCs', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 recombinant insulin-like growth factor-1 (hrIGF-1), a ubiquitous angiogenic growth factor, was injected into the vitreous cavity of @entity1707 to investigate the clinical and histopathologic consequences of supraphysiologic levels of this angiogenic growth factor on the retinal vasculature. DESIGN: Young male @entity1707 were injected with 600 microg hrIGF-1 into the vitreous cavity and were observed with serial examinations by ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, and @entity941 angiography for varying periods up to 6 months. In a separate set of experiments, a dose-response relation was explored in animals injected with varying doses of @entity24369 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histopathologic analysis included light and transmission electron microscopy and modified elastase digestion. Quantitative morphometric measurements were made of capillary basement membrane thickness and endothelial cell and pericyte densities of the retinal capillaries. RESULTS: Early clinical features of @entity24369 -injected eyes included marked arteriolar tortuosity, vitreitis, and retinal vessel and optic nerve head vascular @entity941 leakage. By 4 weeks, hyperfluorescent dots consistent with microaneurysms appeared and increased in number until 8 weeks postinjection. Clinical findings did not change appreciably after 8 weeks. Elastase digestion showed @entity2479 and no @entity63 or pericyte ghosts. Quantitative analysis of the digested specimens showed increased endothelial density by 1 month after injection (P < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopic cross-sections of capillaries showed significant basement membrane thickening by 3 months (P < 0.05). Lower doses of @entity24369 showed fewer clinical and histopathologic changes, and no significant changes were noted with a single 6 microg injection. Suspending hrIGF-1 in acidic buffer produced @entity32 than use of bovine serum albumin at neutral pH. CONCLUSIONS: A single intravitreous injection of a large dose of hrIGF-1 produces a @entity989 that has a prolonged time of onset and remains stable from 2 to 6 months after injection. Some aspects of this @entity2333 resemble @entity6 , suggesting growth factor effects in the morphologic vascular changes of @entity6 .

title: Insulin-like growth factor-1 XXXX in the @entity1707 eye.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['less intraocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['microaneurysms of the retinal capillaries']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['angiopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal microangiopathy']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity22992 gene encodes the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (pol gamma). Mutations in pol gamma are associated with a spectrum of disease phenotypes including autosomal dominant and recessive forms of progressive external @entity4610 , spino-cerebellar ataxia and @entity302 , and @entity29409 . Multiple deletions, or depletion of mtDNA in affected tissues, are the molecular hallmarks of pol gamma mutations. To shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms leading to these phenotypes, we have introduced in MIP1, the @entity375 homologue of @entity22992 , two mutations equivalent to the @entity1 @entity50614 and @entity50615 mutations, which are associated with dominant and recessive @entity970 , respectively. Both mutations induced the generation of petite colonies, carrying either rearranged (rho-) or no (rho0) mtDNA. Mutations in genes that control the mitochondrial supply of deoxynucleotides ( @entity42636 ) affect the mtDNA integrity in both @entity1 and @entity375 . To test whether the manipulation of the @entity42636 pool can modify the effects of pol gamma mutations in @entity375 , we have overexpressed a @entity42636 checkpoint enzyme, @entity2151 reductase, @entity19684 , or deleted its inhibitor, @entity50616 . In both mutant strains, the petite mutability was dramatically reduced. The same result was obtained by exposing the mutant strains to @entity26952 , an anti-oxidant agent. Therefore, an increase of the mitochondrial @entity42636 pool and/or a decrease of reactive @entity26 species can prevent the mtDNA damage induced by pol gamma mutations in @entity375 and, possibly, in @entity1 .

title: Genetic and chemical rescue of the @entity375 phenotype induced by mitochondrial DNA polymerase mutations associated with progressive external @entity4610 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity26952 :: ('MESH:C015144', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrolipoic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity29409 :: ('OMIM:203700', 'Disease') :: ['Alpers-Huttenlocher hepatocerebral poliodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using @entity2518 (ALA)-induced @entity13880 ( @entity13880 ) is clinically established approach for a number of defined applications. However, in order to optimize the therapeutic benefits of PDT, the specific mode of cell destruction should be better defined. Apoptosis is favored over @entity39 for clinical practice as the latter causes more side-effects. In the present study, we analyse PDT-induced cell death and its correlation to various PDT parameters (different doses applied, time after PDT treatment) in vitro using reverse phase protein arrays. @entity1 urothelial cell lines with varying degrees of differentiation (UROtsa, RT4, RT112, J82) were subjected to in vitro-PDT using increasing doses of irradiation. In addition, positive controls for apoptosis, @entity39 and un-/specific cellular damage were included. Cells were harvested over a specified time course, lysed and arrayed onto nitrocellulose-covered glass slides. The arrays were analyzed for expression of apoptosis-related proteins by immunohistochemistry. Analysis of @entity9189 expression, the activation of @entity7738 , @entity588 , @entity2247 and the phosphorylation of AKT reveals signal activation due to a PDT-stimulus in correlation with the positive controls. Data were analyzed by unsupervised hierarchical clustering and depicted as a heat map revealing cell-specific patterns of pathway stimulation. Higher differentiated phenotypes showed a more distinct signal response in general and a higher apoptotic response in detail. Lower differentiated cell lines lost pathway regulation capabilities according to their state of dedifferentiation. Reverse phase protein arrays are a promising technique for signal pathway profiling: they exceed the range of traditional western blots by sensitivity, high-throughput capability, minimal sample consumption and easy quantification of results obtained.

title: Analyzing effects of photodynamic therapy with XXXX (ALA) induced @entity13880 ( @entity13880 ) in urothelial cells using reverse phase protein arrays.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['PPIX', 'protoporphyrin IX']

answer: @entity2518 :: (CHEBI:17549,Chemical) :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined the cardiovascular adaptations of an exercise training program and evaluated the role of peripheral vasodilator capacity in contributing to these adaptations after @entity583 . DESIGN: A total of 44 consecutive @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity583 underwent 3 wks of exercise training. Controls (n = 12) with comparable @entity583 were selected from our database and were restricted to a program with minimal activity. All @entity1 performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing with hemodynamic measurements. Forearm and @entity291 reactive hyperemic flow were measured by venous occlusive plethysmography as indices of peripheral vasodilator capacity. RESULTS: Despite no change in arteriovenous @entity26 difference at peak exercise after training, training resulted in significant increases in @entity26 consumption, cardiac output, and @entity64 volume and a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance at peak exercise (overall, P < 0.05). @entity291 reactive hyperemic flow increased significantly after training (P < 0.001), but forearm reactive hyperemic flow did not. Furthermore, increase in @entity291 reactive hyperemic flow after training had a positive correlation with increases in peak cardiac output, @entity64 volume, and @entity26 consumption after training and an inverse correlation with peak systemic vascular resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training improved exercise tolerance by improving hemodynamic responses to exercise after @entity583 . This improved exercise performance was linked to a training-induced increase in @entity291 vasodilator capacity.

title: Cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training after uncomplicated acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: NS35, a basic protein encoded by gene 8 of SA11 rotavirus, possesses RNA-binding activity and is essential for genome replication. To identify conserved regions in the NS35 gene and its protein product, we determined the @entity377 sequences of the NS35 gene for the @entity1 and avian rotaviruses Wa, @entity27321 , SA11 (Patton and Ramig strains), NCDV, and Ty-1 and compared them and their deduced @entity535 sequences to those reported for SA11 (Both strain), OSU, and UK. The results indicated that the NS35 genes of the @entity1 rotaviruses are 1058-1059 bases in length and encode proteins of 317 @entity1522 that exhibit high levels of sequence conservation (> or = 83%). The NS35 gene of the @entity233 rotavirus Ty-1 differed from those of the @entity1 rotaviruses with respect to size of the predicted protein (315 @entity1522 ) and of the gene (1042 bases). NS35 of Ty-1 exhibited a relatively low degree of @entity535 homology (52-57%) with NS35 of the @entity1 viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the NS35 gene indicated that avian (TY-1) and @entity1 rotaviruses are distantly related. Comparison of the predicted sequences of NS35 showed that all possessed a conserved basic domain of 37 @entity1522 at residues 205-241 that may serve as the RNA-binding domain. Electrophoretic examination showed that NS35 contains a @entity1520 bond probably located in the @entity1472 -terminal half of the protein. Comparison of NS35 genes at the @entity377 level revealed two regions of extensive conservation, (i) a 75-base (b) sequence that includes the 35-base 5'-noncoding region and the first 30 bases of the open reading frame for NS35, and (ii) a 28-b sequence in the 3'-noncoding region of the gene. Secondary structure predictions for the NS35 mRNA suggest that the 75-base sequence can fold to produce a stem double-loop structure. Such a structure may serve as a packaging signal for the assortment of NS35 mRNA into replicase particles.

title: @entity377 and XXXX sequence analysis of the rotavirus nonstructural RNA-binding protein NS35.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is conflicting evidence regarding the utility of stress management training in the treatment of @entity6 . The few studies that have shown a therapeutic effect of stress management have used time-intensive individual therapy. Unfortunately, widespread use of such interventions is not practical. The aim of the present investigation is to determine whether a cost-effective, group-based stress management training program can improve @entity413 metabolism in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and to determine whether a particular subset of @entity1 is more likely to get positive results. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were randomized to undergo a five-session group @entity6 education program with or without stress management training. @entity1 (n = 108) were followed for 1 year, during which HbA(1c) tests and questionnaires assessing perceived stress, @entity148 , and psychological health were administered at regular intervals to evaluate treatment effects. RESULTS: Stress management training was associated with a small (0.5%) but significant reduction in HbA(1c). Compliance with the treatment regimen decreased over time but was similar to that seen in @entity1 receiving stress management for other reasons in the clinic. Trait @entity148 (a measure of stable individual differences in @entity148 ) did not predict response to treatment, showing that highly anxious @entity1 did not derive more benefit from training. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicate that a cost-effective, group stress management program in a "real-world" setting can result in clinically significant benefits for @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Stress management improves long-term glycemic control in XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety proneness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: A wild adult male conger Conger conger, captured by a SCUBA diver in the waters of coastal Italy, was sent for laboratory analysis due to the presence of multiple productive ulcerous @entity272 localized in the dorso-lateral body area, caudally to the gill operculum under the dorsal fin. The main mass was sessile, ulcerated and @entity548 in appearance and was surrounded by several smaller masses, which originated peripherally from the same mass or were isolated, always with a tendency to ulceration. Histology confirmed that the newly formed tissue originated from derma invading the closer tissues. The @entity5 consisted of spindle cells, each with an ovoidal nucleus and rarely with evident nucleoli, which were arranged in parallel or storiform patterns and were often surrounding blood-filled spaces discontinuously lined by endothelial cells. @entity5 tissue was richly vascularized and no mitoses were seen. The overlying epidermis was ulcerated. Masson's trichrome technique indicated the presence of a small amount of perivascular connective tissue. No excessive glycogen storage, bacteria, @entity778 were detected by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-reaction. Immunohistochemistry showed dot-like or diffuse cytoplasmic positivity against smooth muscle actin and the monoclonal antibody D2-40. @entity2280 exhibited relevant immunoreactivity at plasma membranes. Growth fraction evaluated using @entity1758 was <1%. Immunoreactions for wide spectrum CK, @entity4205 , @entity10585 , @entity2873 , @entity10208 , @entity2283 , @entity5632 , S-100, @entity2225 , @entity469 , @entity538 , and NSE were negative. Histopathological and immunohistochemical results supported a diagnosis of @entity11003 , a @entity5 of the muscular cellular component of the blood vessels. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such @entity5 in fishes in which monoclonal antibodies work on fish tissues, facilitating a useful immunohistochemical approach for differential diagnosis.

title: XXXX in a conger (Conger conger).

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus or fungi']

entities_list: @entity11003 :: ('MESH:D018229', 'Disease') :: ['angioleiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhaging']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'benign tumour', 'neoplasms', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity11003 :: (MESH:D018229,Disease) :: ['Angioleiomyoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics and summary diagnostic and therapeutical experience of @entity280 . METHODS: @entity280 genealogy and clinical characteristics was investigated. Then a dendrogram was drawn and a genetic analysis was performed. Last the diagnostic and therapeutical experience of @entity280 was investigated according to literatures. RESULTS: There are 6 members attacked by the @entity280 of 5 generations which includes 42 members. Three @entity1 underwent operation. Two of the three @entity1 who suffered operation had been removed of @entity96 and one @entity279 independently. The third @entity1 sustained three operations for removal of three @entity279 and left @entity1358 . Three @entity1 died of this syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristic of this kindred is according with that of @entity74 . Until now, @entity280 involves in multisystem, the prognosis of this syndrome is not very well. However, @entity1 and their family members may get much benefit from genetic testing, periodic surveillance, early diagnosis and prompt treatment.

title: [Family survey and clinical analysis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity279 :: ('MESH:D018325', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar hemangioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['right lobe of liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant inheritance disease']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau syndrome']

answer: @entity280 :: (MESH:D006623,Disease) :: ['von Hippel-Lindau syndrome']