abstract: PURPOSE: The dysregulation of cell cycle kinases plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and the expression of various kinases has been attributed to aggressive @entity5 growth and an unfavourable prognosis in oncological @entity1 . We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the expression of Ki67 among five additional cell cycle kinases in a collective of mammary and @entity43 specimens and to find a correlation with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS: 76 mammary and 93 ovarian benign and @entity5 samples were immunohistochemically stained and evaluated for the expression of @entity31323 , @entity39151 , @entity22983 (only breast specimens) and Ki67. The expression patterns of these cell cycle kinases were matched with retrospectively collected clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS: All examined cell cycle kinases accurately discriminated benign from malignant breast and ovarian tissues. In @entity0 , @entity875 and B-, @entity39151 -, @entity15308 - and Ki67-expression was inversely associated with ER expression. No correlation with the @entity1722 -status was found in our collective. Importantly, we found a significant correlation between the expression of @entity875 and @entity10610 and axillary lymph node @entity3 in @entity0 . Furthermore, a @entity66 free survival (DFS) upon expression of @entity16511 and @entity15308 was shown in @entity0 @entity1 . None of the cell cycle kinases was associated with predictive or prognostic factors in @entity43 . CONCLUSION: The prognostic value of the expression of Ki67 is overtrumped by alternative cell cycle kinases when it comes to prediction of @entity5 spread and a shortened DFS, which might allow a further risk stratification in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Head-to-head comparison of the impact of @entity875 , @entity16511 , XXXX , @entity10610 , @entity15308 and Ki67 expression in two of the most relevant gynaecological @entity5 entities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shortened disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['axillary tumor', 'tumor', 'malignant tumor']

answer: @entity39151 :: (22974,Gene) :: ['Repp86']


abstract: An analysis is made of functional studies performed in 96 constipated @entity1 to see how these studies influenced the choice of surgical treatment. All @entity1 underwent anal manometry, and other investigations included colonic transit studies (56), anal sphincter electromyography (42) and defaecatory proctography (34). Additionally nine @entity1 underwent full thickness rectal biopsy. The resting anal canal pressures of the @entity1 studied were lower than controls, and fibre density studies on electromyography were abnormal in half the @entity1 studied suggesting a degree of denervation of the sphincter muscles, which possibly related to chronic straining on the toilet. There was evidence of @entity1109 as shown by an increase in the least perceived volume on balloon distension of the rectum, and in those with megarectum and/or megacolon an increase in maximum tolerated volume. The recto-anal inhibitory reflex was used to screen for adult @entity1963 , but in one @entity1 the reflex was present despite absence of @entity21 on full thickness rectal biopsy indicating the need for biopsy as the definitive diagnostic procedure. Delayed colonic transit using radio opaque markers was a necessary requirement before recommending colectomy, and delayed transit was demonstrated in 34% of the @entity1 studied. Anismus on electromyography was found in 20% of the @entity1 but there was poor correlation with failure of the anorectal angle to widen when bearing down on proctography. The investigations helped in the choice of treatment, but were difficult to interpret. They should be used in severe @entity1142 when surgery is being contemplated.

title: The role of manometry, electromyography and radiology in the assessment of intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['reduced rectal sensation']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antithrombotic agents have been used in microvascular surgeries. Low molecular weight @entity20429 ( @entity20429 40), though used, is not without complications. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 172 consecutive flaps. A comparison was made between two groups of @entity1 (86 flaps each) with and without the use of @entity20429 40, in terms of safety and efficacy. RESULTS: The free flap survival rate was 95.9%. The flap survival rates were comparable between the groups. Total flap loss in Group A ( @entity1 who received @entity20429 40) was 3.5% compared with 2.3% in Group B ( @entity1 who did not receive @entity20429 40) (p = 1.00). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of @entity715 flap complications between the groups. None of the @entity1 developed @entity649 or required prolonged ventilator support. No @entity1 had @entity20429 -related anaphylactoid reactions. Thirty-eight @entity1 (43.7%) in Group A had postoperative atelectasis and 21 (25.6%) @entity1 in Group B had this complication (p = 0.01). Six @entity1 in Group A developed @entity86 , and five @entity1 in Group B developed this complication (p = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Though @entity20429 40 did not result in any significant adverse local or systemic complications, it is not useful as a postoperative antithrombotic agent in head and neck oncologic reconstruction with free tissue transfer.

title: Safety and efficacy of low molecular weight XXXX ( @entity20429 40) in head and neck free flap reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity20429 :: (MESH:D003911,Chemical) :: ['dextran']


abstract: Although @entity1 @entity3620 (HMM) is mainly caused by asbestos exposure, refractory ceramic fibres (RCFs) have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to @entity1 on the basis of their biological effects in rodents' lung and pleura and in cultured cells. Hence, further investigations are needed to clarify the mechanism of fibre-induced carcinogenicity and to prevent use of harmful particles. In a previous study, @entity2615 were found in hemizygous @entity32425 ( @entity32425 (+/-)) @entity19 exposed to asbestos fibres, and showed similar alterations in genes at the Ink4 locus and in @entity186 as described in HMM. Here we found that @entity32425 (+/-) @entity19 developed @entity2615 after intra-peritoneal inoculation of a RCF sample (RCF1). Clinical features in exposed @entity19 were similar to those observed in HMM, showing association between ascite and @entity2615 . Early passages of 12 @entity2615 cell cultures from ascites developed in RCF1-exposed @entity32425 (+/-) @entity19 demonstrated frequent inactivation by deletion of genes at the Ink4 locus, and low rate of @entity186 point and insertion mutations. @entity32425 gene was inactivated in all cultures. In most cases, co-inactivation of genes at the Ink4 locus and @entity32425 was found and, at a lower rate, of @entity186 and @entity32425 . These results are the first to identify mutations in RCF-induced @entity2615 . They suggest that @entity32425 mutation is complementary of @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ), @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) and @entity7000 (Arf) or @entity186 mutations and show similar profile of gene alterations resulting from exposure to ceramic or asbestos fibres in @entity32425 (+/-) @entity19 , also consistent with the one found in HMM. These somatic genetic changes define different pathways of mesothelial cell transformation.

title: Clinico-pathological features and somatic gene alterations in refractory ceramic fibre-induced @entity19 XXXX reveal mineral fibre-induced @entity2615 identities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesotheliomas', 'mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: In an unselected series of 122 @entity1 born in 1959--1970 with severe @entity1032 (SMR), the magnitude and distribution of the different etiologic and pathogenetic factors were analysed. Prenatal causes were considered relevant in 73 per cent, perinatal in 10 and postnatal in 3. In 12 per cent no traceable cause whatsoever was found. Infantile primary @entity914 constituted 2 per cent. Within the prenatal group, no less than 43 per cent presented firm evidence favouring a genetic etiology, chromosomal syndromes together constituting 36 per cent and mutant gene disorders 7 per cent. Etiologically unclassifiable cases with prenatal stigmata and @entity154 amounted to 18 per cent. A condition of fetal deprivation of supply was considered to have been of major importance in 8 per cent. Almost half of the cases had one or more associated CNS handicaps. @entity306 were evident in 18 per cent and @entity302 in 30 per cent. The relative risk of having @entity306 in addition to SMR was strongly correlated to cases classified as prenatally or perinatally acquired CNS syndromes. It is concluded that prenatal prevention is of special importance for reducing the occurrence of SMR. As chromosomal aberrations are the cause in more than 1/3 of cases with SMR, the desirability of developing effective cytogenetic screening methods and programs applicable to all pregnant @entity1 is particularly emphasized.

title: XXXX in a Swedish county. II. Etiologic and pathogenetic aspects of @entity1 born 1959--1970.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'Cerebral palsy syndromes']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['Severe mental retardation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aggregation of prion proteins is the cause of various prion related diseases. The infectious form of prions, @entity1423 , exist as multiple strains. The strains are thought to represent structurally different prion protein molecules packed into @entity1423 , but the knowledge on the structure of different types of aggregates is limited. Here we report on the use of AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) and TERS (Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering) to study morphological heterogeneity and access underlying conformational features of individual @entity1423 . Using AFM we identified the morphology of amyloid fibrils formed by the peptide (CGNNQQNY) from the @entity375 prion protein @entity16578 that is critically involved in the aggregation of the full protein. TERS results demonstrate that morphologically different amyloid fibrils are composed of a distinct set of conformations. Fibrils formed at pH 5.6 are composed of a mixture of peptide conformations (b-sheets, random coil and a-helix) while fibrils formed in pH~2 solution primarily have b-sheets. Additionally, peak positions in the @entity6346 III region of the TERS spectra suggested that peptides have parallel arrangement of b-sheets for pH~2 fibrils and antiparallel arrangement for fibrils formed at pH 5.6. We also developed a methodology for detailed analysis of the peptide secondary structure by correlating intensity changes of Raman bands in different regions of TERS spectra. Such correlation established that structural composition of peptides is highly localized with large contribution of unordered secondary structures on a fibrillar surface.

title: Polymorphism of amyloid fibrils formed by a peptide from the XXXX prion protein @entity16578 : AFM and Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering studies.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid aggregates']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disease-modification clinical trials in @entity179 have struggled to separate symptomatic effects of putative agents from disease-modification. In response, a variety of clinical trial designs have been developed. A systematic review was undertaken to examine which trial designs have been used in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity191 ( @entity191 ) to detect disease-modifying, as opposed to symptomatic, drug effects. In addition we aimed to identify novel clinical trial designs used in the past or planned for use in the future. We aimed to critique whether the methods used would have identified true disease-modification. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL (1980-2015) were searched to identify papers meriting review in full. ClinicalTrials.gov was searched to identify unpublished or planned @entity23 ( @entity23 ). We included @entity23 in @entity191 or @entity195 which aimed to demonstrate the disease-modifying properties of drug therapy and differentiate that benefit from any symptomatic effect. RESULTS: 128 @entity23 were finally included: 84 in @entity195 (59 published, 25 unpublished); 44 in @entity191 (36 published, 8 unpublished). A variety of clinical trial designs were applied including long-term follow-up, wash-in and wash-out analyses, randomised delayed-start, the use of time-to-event outcome measures and surrogate disease progression biomarkers. Deficiencies in each of these design strategies, the quantity of missing data in included @entity23 and the methods used to deal with missing data, meant that none of the included studies convincingly demonstrated disease-modification. No truly novel clinical trial designs were identified. CONCLUSION: We currently believe that the best clinical trial design available to demonstrate disease-modification is a long-term follow-up study, in which an examination is made for sustained divergence in outcome measures between treatment arms over the study period.

title: A review of clinical trial designs used to detect a disease-modifying effect of drug therapy in XXXX and @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomised controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitochondrial function, in particular complex 1 of the electron transport chain (ETC), has been shown to decrease during normal ageing and in @entity179 . However, there is some debate concerning which area of the brain has the greatest complex 1 activity. It is important to identify the pattern of activity in order to be able to gauge the effect of age or disease related changes. We determined complex 1 activity spectrophotometrically in the cortex, brainstem and cerebellum of middle aged @entity19 (70-71 weeks), a @entity76 model (pcd5J) and young wild type controls. We share our updated protocol on the measurements of complex1 activity and find that mitochondrial fractions isolated from frozen tissues can be measured for robust activity. We show that complex 1 activity is clearly highest in the cortex when compared with brainstem and cerebellum (p<0.003). Cerebellum and brainstem mitochondria exhibit similar levels of complex 1 activity in wild type brains. In the aged brain we see similar levels of complex 1 activity in all three-brain regions. The specific activity of complex 1 measured in the aged cortex is significantly decreased when compared with controls (p<0.0001). Both the cerebellum and brainstem mitochondria also show significantly reduced activity with ageing (p<0.05). The @entity19 model of @entity2055 predictably has a lower complex 1 activity in the cerebellum, and although reductions are measured in the cortex and brain stem, the remaining activity is higher than in the aged brains. We present clear evidence that complex 1 activity decreases across the brain with age and much more specifically in the cerebellum of the pcd5j @entity19 . @entity2383 can be a region specific phenomenon in disease, but in ageing appears to affect the entire brain, abolishing the pattern of higher activity in cortical regions.

title: Mitochondrial Complex 1 Activity Measured by Spectrophotometry Is Reduced across All Brain Regions in Ageing and More Specifically in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxic neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['Mitochondrial impairment']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Neurodegeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity704 , the feasibility of resection via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) remains controversial. The objective of our study was to compare the outcomes of VATS and transsternal thymectomy in order to evaluate the efficacy of the VATS method for treatment of early stage @entity704 . METHODS: This study is a retrospective study of 120 @entity1 who underwent thymectomy of early stage @entity704 (Masaoka stage I and II) in a single medical center from 1991 to 2010. Of these @entity1 , 76 @entity1 underwent VATS thymectomy (VATS group) and 44 @entity1 underwent the conventional transsternal approach (sternotomy group). We applied the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and time to @entity5 recurrence (TTR) of these two groups. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 61.9 months in the VATS group and 69.7 months in the sternotomy group. There was no surgery-related mortality or major complication. The VATS group had smaller specimen size (p < 0.05) and @entity5 size (p < 0.01), shorter length of stay (LOS) in the hospital (p < 0.01), and shorter duration of chest tube drainage (p < 0.05) than the sternotomy group. There were no significant differences between the two groups for @entity1349 , @entity1349 , and TTR. CONCLUSIONS: In early stage @entity704 , VATS thymectomy associated with shorter hospital LOS and shorter duration of @entity456 compared with the conventional transsternal approach. Otherwise, the two approaches had similar oncologic outcomes during the mean 60-month follow-up period.

title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical thymectomy to treat XXXX : a comparison with the conventional transsternal approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural drainage']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['early thymoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of endogenous, small, noncoding single-stranded RNAs that act as post-transcriptional gene regulatory elements. MiRNA polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of miRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on @entity299 susceptibility. METHODS: We genotyped two functional SNPs, @entity31064 @entity31065 and miR-146a @entity6992 , in a case-control cohort of 173 Chinese @entity1 with @entity215 ( @entity215 ) and 207 non- @entity299 controls. RESULTS: When the @entity31064 @entity31065 TT homozygote genotype was used as the reference group, the TC genotype was not associated with an increased risk of @entity215 . The CC genotype was associated with a borderline significantly increased risk for @entity215 . In the recessive model, when the @entity31064 @entity31065 TT/TC genotypes were used as the reference group, the CC homozygote genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of @entity215 (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.18-3.25, p = 0.01). The miR-146a @entity6992 @entity6993 polymorphism was not associated with developing @entity215 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that the @entity31064 @entity31065 @entity14552 polymorphism may play a role in the development of @entity215 . Future larger studies that include populations of other ethnicities are required to confirm these findings. KEY WORDS: @entity299 ; MiRNA; Molecular epidemiology; Polymorphisms; Tetralogy of Fallot.

title: @entity31064 XXXX @entity14552 Polymorphism is Associated with an Increased Risk of Tetralogy of Fallot in a Chinese Population.

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity6993 :: ('c|SUB|C||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C>G']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart disease', 'CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity31065 :: (rs11614913,SNP) :: ['rs11614913']


abstract: There is a need to assess the @entity146 morbidity that appears as a consequence of terrorist attacks. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) has been used to this end, but its psychometric properties have never been evaluated in a population affected by @entity13390 . A sample of 891 @entity1 included 162 direct victims of terrorist attacks and 729 relatives of the victims. All @entity1 were evaluated using the 28-item version of the GHQ (GHQ-28). We examined the reliability and external validity of scores on the scale using Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation with the State-Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI), respectively. The factor structure of the scale was analyzed with varimax rotation. Samejima's (1969) graded response model was used to explore the item properties. The GHQ-28 scores showed good reliability and item-scale correlations. The factor analysis identified 3 factors: anxious-somatic symptoms, @entity409 , and @entity308 symptoms. All factors showed good correlation with the STAI. Before rotation, the first, second, and third factor explained 44.0%, 6.4%, and 5.0% of the variance, respectively. Varimax rotation redistributed the percentages of variance accounted for to 28.4%, 13.8%, and 13.2%, respectively. Items with the highest loadings in the first factor measured @entity148 , whereas items with the highest loadings in the third factor measured suicide ideation. Samejima's model found that high scores in suicide-related items were associated with severe @entity308 . The factor structure of the GHQ-28 found in this study underscores the preeminence of @entity148 among victims of @entity13390 and their relatives. Item response analysis identified the most difficult and significant items for each factor.

title: Psychometrical assessment and item analysis of the General Health Questionnaire in victims of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['social dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety']

answer: @entity13390 :: (MESH:D020184,Disease) :: ['terrorism']


abstract: @entity101 affects functional capacity and quality of life. Pulse wave analysis (PWA) quantifies the pulse waveform's propagation and its changes resulting from arterial remodeling. @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) in traditional Chinese medicine contributes to pattern differentiation and therapeutic intervention. This protocol study evaluates the relationships between the parameters of both PWA and @entity2996 to identify patterns in @entity1 with @entity101 and the associations of those patterns with functional capacity. In this observational, cross-sectional study protocol 40 @entity1 were subjected to clinical and laboratorial examinations to assess the risk factors for @entity65 and pattern differentiation. PWA was noninvasively performed at the radial artery to estimate the pulse wave's velocity, arterial compliance, and reflection index. @entity2996 using the "simultaneous pressing" method was performed to assess nine indicators. Handgrip strength and physical activity was assessed as functional outcomes. We hypothesized that interactions between patterns and pulse images affect the PWA parameters and that the functional outcomes are weakly associated with personal, hemodynamic and risk factors for @entity65 . Performing a @entity2996 in @entity1 with @entity101 might allow the identification of early target-organ damage, standardization of the @entity2996 based on the PWA, and unification of the pulse diagnosis.

title: Pulse Waveform Analysis of Chinese Pulse Images and Its Association with Disability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['Pulse image analysis', 'PIA']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity56 during anesthesia is underestimated because clinical symptoms may vary and diagnosis is not obvious. Our aim was to investigate the consequences of a systematic follow-up of @entity1 on the estimated incidence of @entity56 during anesthesia. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study over a 2-year period (70,000 anesthesias). When @entity1 were suspected with @entity56 or with unexplained adverse reactions during anesthesia, blood was sampled to measure @entity112 and tryptase, and then skin tests were performed 4-6 weeks later. RESULTS: During the studied period, 39 @entity1 were enrolled in the database. Eight were excluded because of lack of skin tests. Twenty-two @entity1 had clinical features compatible with immediate @entity56 , and nine had reactions rated as 'unexplained' by the attending physician. Following systematic investigation, we found 22 @entity56 (15 @entity1 with obvious and seven with unexplained reactions) during anesthesia. This increases the estimated incidence of @entity56 from 1 : 4667 to 1 : 3180 anesthesias. Tryptase concentrations were increased in only 50% of these @entity1 . In our series, positive and negative predictive values of tryptase at T(0) for the diagnosis of @entity2021 were 100% and 60%, respectively. Latex was the major causative agent, followed by neuromuscular blocking agents and antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic follow-up of @entity1 with unexplained reactions during anesthesia increases the estimated incidence of @entity56 during anesthesia by 50%.

title: Systematic follow-up increases incidence of @entity2021 during adverse reactions in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions', 'hypersensitivity reaction', 'hypersensitivity reactions', 'allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: A flexible spectral imaging color enhancement system was installed in new capsule software for video capsule endoscopy. Contrast image capsule endoscopy (CICE) is a novel technology using light-emitting diodes selected for the main absorption range of hemoglobin. We assessed the feasibility and diagnostic effi cacy for small bowel surveillance in @entity1 with @entity1412 syndromes. METHODS: Six @entity1 with @entity1412 syndromes, four with @entity1412 and one each with @entity1050 ( @entity1050 ) and @entity3394 ( @entity3394 ) were examined using CICE. We conducted three evaluations to assess the effect on the numbers of the detected @entity1127 ; compare polyp diagnostic rates between @entity652 and @entity4607 ; and assess polyp visibility. RESULTS: The numbers of detected @entity1127 and diagnostic accuracy did not differ signifi cantly between pre-contrast and contrast images. However, 50% of the @entity6523 displayed enhanced visibility on contrast images. CICE contrast images exhibited clearly demarcated lesions and improved the visibility of minute structures of @entity6523 . @entity1127 micro-structures in @entity1 with @entity1050 and @entity3394 were more clearly visualized on contrast than pre-contrast images. CONCLUSIONS: CICE is an effective tool for enhancing the visibility of @entity1127 in @entity1 with @entity1412 .

title: Role of enhanced visibility in evaluating XXXX syndromes using a newly developed contrast image capsule endoscope.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'Hamartomatous polyp']

entities_list: @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'Cowden syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3394 :: ('MESH:D044483', 'Disease') :: ['Cronkhite-Canada syndrome', 'CCS']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'polyposis', 'polyposis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['polyposis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes of adult @entity1069 treated at our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 25 adult @entity1 with @entity1069 were obtained from January 1989 to December 2009. The clinicopathologic parameters were evaluated to determine their effect on survival. RESULTS: The median age was 37 years (range 18-81). The median @entity5 size was 9.5 cm (range 4-25). The median serum @entity1486 level was 1.39 ng/mL (range 0.39-33.20). The most common symptom was @entity3833 (72%). Transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was used to diagnose 22 @entity242 , transurethral resection of the prostate to diagnose 2, and open surgery to diagnose 1. The predominant histologic subtype was @entity1822 (40%); 21 (88%) were high grade and 6 @entity1 had @entity3 . Surgical resection of curative intent was performed in 14 @entity1 , with negative margins in 10. After a median follow-up of 21 months (range 5-63), 2 @entity1 were disease free, 4 were alive with disease, and 19 had died of their disease. Overall, the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate was 80.0%, 47.4%, 22.6%, and 11.3%, respectively, and the median survival time was 23 months. The median survival time after recurrence was 20 months (range 9-39) and that after @entity3 was 10 months (range 3-23). Age >50 years, @entity3 at presentation, and a lack of surgery with curative intent were independently predictive of an unfavorable outcome. CONCLUSION: Adult @entity1069 accounted for 0.7% of primary @entity1069 and carried a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and surgical resection with curative intent offer @entity1 the best chance of survival.

title: Twenty-five cases of adult XXXX treated at a high-volume institution from 1989 to 2009.

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostate malignancies', 'prostate sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostate sarcoma']


abstract: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with ejaculated, epididymal or testicular spermatozoa was first successful in 1992 and has since become the widely accepted treatment for couples with severe @entity4810 . The outcome of several thousands of ICSI cycles in terms of fertilization, embryo cleavage and implantation is similar to that for conventional in-vitro fertilization in couples with tubal or idiopathic @entity249 . To evaluate the important issue of safety of the new technique of ICSI, a prospective follow-up study of 1987 @entity1 born after ICSI was carried out. The aim was to compile data on karyotypes, @entity600 , growth parameters and developmental milestones. Parents' agreement to genetic counselling was obtained as well as prenatal diagnosis, followed by a physical examination of the @entity1 at 2 months, 1 year and 2 years. Between April 1991 and August 1997, 1699, 91 and 118 @entity1 were born after ICSI with ejaculated, epididymal and testicular spermatozoa respectively; 79 @entity1 were born from cryopreserved ICSI embryos. In all, 1082 karyotypes were determined by prenatal diagnosis, 18 of which were abnormal and de novo (1.66%) (nine each of @entity28227 ), and 10 karyotypes (0.92%) were @entity74 . Of these, nine ( @entity1467 ) were transmitted from the father. Ten pregnancies were terminated after prenatal karyotyping or DNA testing. Forty-six major @entity600 (2.3%) were observed at birth. Seven @entity600 , observed by prenatal ultrasound, were terminated. Twenty-one (1.1 %) stillbirths, including four with major @entity600 , occurred later than 20 weeks of pregnancy. Mean gestational age at birth was 38.7 weeks for singletons, 36.0 weeks for twins and 32.0 weeks for triplets. No specifically higher incidence of @entity600 was found in any given subgroup.

title: Seven years of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and follow-up of 1987 subsequent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male-factor infertility']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['eight balanced structural aberrations and one unbalanced trisomy 21']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited structural aberrations']

entities_list: @entity28227 :: ('MESH:D012729', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal and sex chromosomal aberrations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: Degeneration of the gingival margin and periodontal @entity604 between segments can occur in @entity1347 . However, treatment and management of these problems have not yet been resolved; improvement of the conventional method is necessary. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the usefulness and advantage of orthodontic devices in osteotomies. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty Japanese adults presented with @entity89 diagnosed as mandibular prognathism with maxillary protrusion, bimaxillary protrusion, and anterior crowding. Of these 40 @entity1 , 20 (group 1) underwent @entity1347 with our original orthodontic periodontal management. The remaining 20 (group 2) @entity1 underwent conventional procedures. After surgery, pocket depth and periodontal @entity604 at the osteotomy site were evaluated. RESULTS: In all cases of @entity1 who underwent our original technique, degeneration of the gingival marginal and periodontal defects at the osteotomy site were not found. The rate of alveolar bone height in group 1 significantly increased and that in group 2 significantly decreased after maxillary osteotomy (P < .05). CONCLUSION: This technique may prevent periodontal defects from occurring at the interdental osteotomy site.

title: The prevention of periodontal XXXX at the osteotomy site after @entity1347 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segmental osteotomy or dento-osseous osteotomy along', 'various segmental osteotomies']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw deformities']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: @entity839 ( @entity839 ), the main psychoactive component in Cannabis sativa preparations, exerts its central effects mainly through the G-protein coupled receptor @entity14650 , a component of the endocannabinoid system. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids in excitotoxicity and @entity179 models. However, the intraneuronal signaling pathways activated in vivo by @entity839 underlying its central effects remain poorly understood. We report that @entity839 acute administration (10 mg/kg, i.p.) increases the phosphorylation of @entity1994 in @entity19 hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum. This phosphorylation was mediated by @entity14650 receptors as it was blocked by the selective @entity14650 antagonist @entity351 . Moreover, @entity3115 inhibition by @entity2307 abrogated @entity839 -induced phosphorylation of @entity1994 , but blockade of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases by @entity37257 did not modify this activation/phosphorylation of @entity1994 . Moreover, administration of the dopaminergic D1 ( @entity10095 ) and D2 (raclopride) receptor antagonists did not block the activation of @entity3115 / @entity1994 pathway induced in the striatum by cannabinoid receptor stimulation, suggesting that this effect is independent of the dopaminergic system. In addition, @entity839 increased the phosphorylation of @entity6913 . Therefore, activation of the @entity3115 / @entity1994 / @entity6913 signaling pathway may be related to the in vivo neuroprotective properties attributed to cannabinoids.

title: Regulation of @entity3115 / XXXX / @entity6913 pathway by cannabinoids in the brain.

entities_list: @entity839 :: ('MESH:D013759', 'Chemical') :: ['Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol', 'THC']

entities_list: @entity6913 :: ('56637(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta', 'GSK-3']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity351 :: ('MESH:C089032', 'Chemical') :: ['rimonabant']

answer: @entity1994 :: (11651(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There has been substantial interest in identifying predictors of survival for @entity64 @entity1 . Current instruments used for measuring @entity64 severity are confined to either @entity16 measures. The purpose of this study was to develop a @entity64 survival score that combines instruments from different domains to better predict long-term survival. METHODS: We took advantage of a particularly broad array of clinical and physiological variables collected during the @entity64 Treatment with Ancrod Trial. Four hundred fifty-three @entity1 completed a battery of instruments at day 7 after @entity64 and then were followed for 1 year. RESULTS: Of the 453 @entity1 , 53% were male, 77% were aged 65 years or older, and 89% were white. One hundred nine @entity1 (24%) died during the study period. Age was a highly significant predictor of mortality (P<0.001), but there were no statistically significant differences in 12-month survival with respect to sex, race, or educational level. The best model for predicting survival was the @entity385 Survival Score. This model included the Scandinavian @entity64 Scale, Rapid Disability Rating Scale, age, and prior @entity64 . This model had substantially greater predictive power (R(2)=0.30, c statistic=0.86) than the Scandinavian @entity64 Scale alone (R(2)=0.20, c statistic=0.78). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that combining day 7 poststroke information from multiple domains substantially improves the ability to predict 12-month survival of @entity385 @entity1 compared with data from a single domain. The high mortality rate emphasizes the importance of preventive measures for a disease that has identifiable and modifiable risk factors.

title: Development of an XXXX survival score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological, functional, or disability']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic Stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Collagen has been attributed as the principal structural substrate of @entity1165 (VT) after @entity583 (MI), even though adiposity of myocardium after MI is well recognized histologically. We investigated the effects of intramyocardial adiposity compared with collagen on electrophysiological properties, @entity27547 expression, and VT induction after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS: Simultaneous left ventricular plunge-needle, noncontact mapping was performed in @entity742 without MI (MI-; n=5), with MI and inducible VT (MI+VT+; n=7), and with MI and no inducible VT (MI+VT-; n=8). Histological intramyocardial quantity of adipose and collagen and degree of discontinuity were coregistered with electrophysiological parameters (MI+; 290 specimens). Additional assessment of @entity27547 expression was performed. Left ventricular scar contained a body mass-independent abundance of adipocytes (adipose:collagen=0.8). Increased adipose density and discontinuity contributed to a greater inverse correlation (r) with conduction velocity (r for adipose=0.39, r for discontinuity=0.45, r for collagen=0.26) and electrogram amplitude (r for adipose=0.73, r for contiguity=0.77, r for collagen=0.68) compared with collagen. Collagen density was similar between the MI+ groups (P>0.29). However, the MI+VT+ group demonstrated a significant (all P <=0.01) increase in adipose (8%) and discontinuity (qualitative) and decrease in conduction velocity (13%) and electrogram amplitude (21%) at MI borders compared with the MI+VT- group. In scar, myocytes adjacent to fibrofatty interfaces demonstrated increased @entity27547 lateralization. A gradient increase in adipose was observed at sites that supported preferential presystolic VT activation and exhibited attenuation of excitation wavelength (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1386 , in association with @entity296 within left @entity67 , is a significant factor associated with altered electrophysiological properties, aberrant @entity27547 expression, and increased propensity for VT after MI.

title: XXXX after @entity583 : new implications of a substrate for @entity1165 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial discontinuity']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular scar borders']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['Intramyocardial adiposity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['Intramyocardial adiposity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Combining disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) with glucocorticoids (GCs) is an effective treatment strategy for early @entity309 (ERA), yet the ideal schedule and feasibility in daily practice are debated. We evaluated different DMARD combinations and GC remission induction schemes  in poor prognosis @entity1 ; and @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) with or without GC remission induction in good prognosis @entity1 , during the first treatment year. METHODS: The Care in ERA (CareRA) trial is a 2-year investigator-initiated randomised pragmatic open-label superiority trial comparing remission induction regimens in a treat-to-target approach. DMARD-inexperienced @entity1 with ERA were stratified into a high-risk or low-risk group based upon presence of erosions, disease activity, rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated protein antibodies. High-risk @entity1 were randomised to a COBRA Classic ( @entity6822 + @entity3378 + @entity229 step-down from 60   mg), COBRA Slim ( @entity6822 + @entity229 step-down from 30   mg) or COBRA Avant Garde ( @entity6822 + @entity6963 + @entity229 step-down from 30   mg) scheme. Low-risk @entity1 were randomised to @entity6822 tight step-up ( @entity6822 -TSU) or COBRA Slim. Primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 in 28 @entity2720 activity score calculated with C-reactive protein remission at week 52 in an intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary outcomes were safety and effectiveness (ClinicalTrial.gov identifier NCT01172639). RESULTS: 98 COBRA Classic, 98 COBRA Slim (high risk), 93 COBRA Avant Garde, 47 @entity6822 -TSU and 43 COBRA Slim (low risk) @entity1 were evaluated. Remission was achieved in 64.3% (63/98) COBRA Classic, 60.2% (59/98) COBRA Slim (high risk) and 62.4% (58/93) COBRA Avant Garde @entity1 at W52 (p=0.840); and in 57.4% (27/47) @entity6822 -TSU and 67.4% (29/43) COBRA Slim (low risk) @entity1 (p=0.329). Less adverse events occurred per @entity1 with COBRA Slim (high risk) compared with COBRA Classic or COBRA Avant Garde (p=0.038). Adverse events were similar in @entity6822 -TSU and COBRA Slim (low risk) @entity1 (p=0.871). At W52, 76.0% @entity1 were on DMARD monotherapy, 5.2% used GCs and 7.5% biologicals. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6822 with a moderate-dose GC remission induction scheme (COBRA Slim) seems an effective, safe, low-cost and feasible initial treatment strategy for @entity1 with ERA regardless of their prognostic profile, provided a treat-to-target approach is followed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS: EudraCT-number 2008-007225-39 and NCT01172639; Results.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX with step-down glucocorticoid remission induction (COBRA Slim) versus other intensive treatment strategies for early @entity309 in a treat-to-target approach: 1-year results of CareRA, a randomised pragmatic open-label superiority trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disease']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 58-year old @entity1 whose complaints were generalized malaise and @entity4265 . He had @entity1575 and @entity2040 japonica, previously diagnosed by laparoscopy. Computed tomography (CT) showed a high density funicular shadow in the liver. However no tumorous lesions in the liver were visualized. Ultrasonography (US) of the liver showed a reticulate or scaly pattern, but no images of tumorous lesions. Hepatic angiography showed a single, deeply colored image about 1cm in diameter, in the segmentum anterosuperior. Preoperative and intraoperative enhanced US with hepatic intraarterial injection of @entity544 gas was performed. It showed a @entity5 shadow about 1cm in the segmentum anterior. The segmentum anterosuperior including the @entity5 was partially resected. Pathologically, the @entity5 was found to be a @entity157 , caused by @entity82 and @entity2040 japonica. The @entity1 's postoperative course was uneventful. Enhanced US with hepatic intraarterial injection of @entity544 gas was useful for the diagnosis and treatment of the microhepatoma associated with @entity2040 japonica.

title: A case of microhepatoma associated with XXXX japonica diagnosed by enhanced ultrasonography after hepatic intraarterial injection of @entity544 gas.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hyperechoic tumor']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma of Edmondson type II']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right epigastralgia']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4148 ( @entity4148 ) are one of non-motor symptoms in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of @entity4148 in @entity191 @entity1 and their relationship with age, gender, disease duration, treatment duration, L-dopa dose, and disease severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 101 @entity1 with @entity191 were recruited. Anamnesis was recorded with a focus on @entity551 , @entity4164 , @entity1282 , @entity1209 , @entity1277 , @entity353 , @entity1142 , @entity2183 , urgency, pollakiuria, difficulties in starting miction, @entity322 , @entity323 , sweating, heat/cold intolerance, and @entity19857 . Mann-Whitney test and Pearson's chi2 test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The study group comprised 53 @entity1 and 48 @entity1 , aged 42-84 years, mean age 67.69 years. The disease duration was 1-25 years, mean 6.5 years, L-dopa treatment duration was 1-20 years, mean 6.04 years, L-dopa dose was 300-2000 mg/24 h, mean 636 mg/24 h, UPDRS score was 8-103 pts, mean 36.38 pts. @entity551 was found in approximately 16% of the @entity1 . As regards @entity344 , more than 40% of @entity1 suffered from @entity1142 , more than 32% from @entity1282 , almost 28% from @entity4164 , approximately 11% from @entity1277 , 6.93% from @entity353 , 2% from @entity1209 . The distribution of @entity790 was as follows: almost 85% of @entity1 had @entity323 , almost 57% @entity2183 , 24.78% @entity322 , approximately 22% pollakiuria, and almost 12% urgency and difficulties with erection. One-third of @entity191 @entity1 suffered from @entity19857 , 16.83% from sweating, and almost 9% from heat/cold intolerance. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent @entity4148 in @entity191 were: @entity323 , @entity2183 , @entity1142 , @entity1282 , and @entity19857 . Age correlated with @entity551 , @entity1142 , and @entity322 , and with @entity323 in @entity1 . @entity1 were predisposed to @entity353 and sweating. @entity1 were predisposed to difficulties in starting miction. Disease duration correlated with @entity1142 , @entity2183 , and @entity322 ; L-dopa treatment duration correlated with @entity1209 and @entity1142 ; L-dopa dose correlated with @entity1209 , @entity1142 , urgency, and heat/cold intolerance; disease stage correlated with @entity4164 , @entity1142 , sweating, and heat/cold intolerance.

title: [ @entity4148 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Women', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity4164 :: ('MESH:D012798', 'Disease') :: ['sialorrhea']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic disorders', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Orthostatic hypotension', 'orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital disorders']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The ICGN is an inbred strain of @entity19 with a @entity1985 of an unknown cause. The disease progresses to @entity177 , resulting in the deterioration of the systemic condition and in a drastic reduction of reproductive capacity. The present study was undertaken to determine if @entity52 ( @entity52 ) and microinsemination using round spermatids could ameliorate the reduced fertility of ICGN @entity19 . Mature oocytes (9.4 +/- 1.1 per @entity19 ) were obtained from PMSG/hCG-primed females 2 to 5 mo of age. When spermatozoa from males aged 3 to 4 mo was used for @entity52 , a high fertilization rate (82.6%) was achieved and a high rate of embryos developed into blastocysts (92.6%). When spermatozoa from males aged 5 to 7 mo was used, the rates of fertilization and development to blastocysts were significantly lower (63.9 and 47.1%, respectively; P < 0.001). However, the production rate of offspring after embryo transfer was satisfactory irrespective of the age of males (59.1%). When males older than 9 mo were used, no fertilization was achieved due to the very poor motility of the spermatozoa. Microinsemination techniques with round spermatids (electrofusion and intracytoplasmic injection) resulted in the production of normal offspring from the older males, including one azoospermic case. These findings indicate that a conventional @entity52 technique and microinsemination using round spermatids can be used for propagating mutant genes which cause poor reproductive ability in @entity19 .

title: In vitro fertilization and microinsemination with round spermatids for propagation of @entity1985 genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Currently, there are three prognostic indicators of ventricular electrical instability: long-term ambulatory ECG recording, programmed electrical stimulation and the signal-averaged electrocardiogram. Several clinical studies have suggested that frequent and complex ventricular premature contractions in @entity1 with @entity299 may identify future @entity299 , including @entity1164 although, with respect to prognosis, it is not likely that any grading system based on the ambulatory ECG will be without meaningful limitations. No study has adequately tested the hypothesis that decreasing @entity943 after @entity583 reduces mortality. The inducibility of @entity1165 during programmed electrical stimulation is regarded as an independent risk factor for @entity944 . Predominantly due to the lack of standardized protocol and definitions, the actual relevance of current literature remains somewhat compromised. The indication for antiarrhythmic treatment in those @entity1 in whom @entity1165 can be induced has not been established with certainty since the effects of therapy on the prognosis are unknown. For @entity1 with complex @entity943 in whom sustained @entity1165 cannot be induced, antiarrhythmic drug treatment does not appear indicated. Based on a number of studies, the presence of late potentials in the signal-averaged ECG has also been shown to be a meaningful prognostic indicator. The signal-averaged ECG, however, is not only subject to various technical problems but is also encumbered by limitations arising from electrophysiologic considerations. While no relationship could be established between late potentials and complex @entity943 in the ambulatory ECG within the first two months after @entity583 , there was, however, a correlation between late potentials and the inducibility of @entity1165 during programmed electrical stimulation. Consequently, the signal-averaged ECG may serve as a screening test to identify @entity1 who should subsequently undergo programmed electrical stimulation for @entity943 assessment or guided institution of treatment provided this proves to be effective in reducing the risk of future major arrhythmic events.

title: Risk stratification of XXXX with complex @entity943 . Value of ambulatory electrocardiographic recording, programmed electrical stimulation and the signal-averaged electrocardiogram.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease', 'cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the clinically important prognostic factors for loco-regional or distant recurrence in early-stage @entity1204 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the local ethics committee approved the study. Cases who underwent primary surgery of early-stage @entity1204 at the Institution from 2000 to 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. @entity1 who did not detect recurrence were classified as group 1 (n = 200); those who detected recurrence were classified as group 2 (n = 23). Clinically prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate analyses. RESULTS: The average age for group 2 (LUSI) was 63.8 years (p = 0.0001). @entity1 with grade 3 histology were all detected within group 2 (p = 0.0001). @entity4348 displaying squamous differentiation was found with a rate of 58.3% in group 2 (p = 0.0001). Lower uterine segment involvement (LUSI) and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) rates were 86.9% in group 2 (p = 0.0001). The rate of @entity5 size > 2 cm was 56.6% in group 2 (p = 0.0001). The median depth of @entity3 (DMI) was 5.1 mm (p = 0.034) and the average in myometrial thickness was 14.5 mm in group II (p = 0.0001). The percentage of @entity3 was 35.8% in Group II (p = 0.0001). @entity5 free-distance was 9.4 mm in group II (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Age and clinicopathological parameters of the @entity5 are significant predictors for recurrence in early-stage @entity1204 .

title: Prognostic factors determining recurrence in early-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: @entity2828 of the pelvis has an unfavourable prognosis. The clinical and functional results of 7 @entity1 who had a @entity2828 of the pelvis stage IIB were reviewed. All @entity1 received multiple-agent chemotherapy pre- and postoperatively (modified T6 and T2 protocol according to Rosen) and underwent local resection of the @entity5 . According to Enneking, five @entity1 had a type IA resection, one @entity1 type I and another type IIA. One @entity1 received a course of radiation therapy postoperatively (50 Gy). Six of seven @entity1 showed a good regression of the @entity5 after preoperative chemotherapy. One @entity1 who had a giant-cell @entity2828 died of local recurrence and lung @entity3 29 months postoperatively. The remaining six @entity1 were monitored radiographically and clinically according to Enneking's functional evaluation score after a follow-up period of 136 months (range 40-199 months). All were free of disease and had neither local recurrence nor @entity3 . In five @entity1 the functional results were rated as "good" or "excellent". The good results depend mainly on the reconstruction of the pelvic girdle and its mechanical stability.

title: Functional results after partial pelvic resection in XXXX of the ilium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: Studies of the behavior of biological systems often require monitoring of the expression of many genes in a large number of samples. While whole-genome arrays provide high-quality gene-expression profiles, their high cost generally limits the number of samples that can be studied. Although inexpensive small-scale arrays representing genes of interest could be used for many applications, it is challenging to obtain accurate measurements with conventional small-scale microarrays. We have developed a small-scale microarray system that yields highly accurate and reproducible expression measurements. This was achieved by implementing a stable gene-based quantile normalization method for array-to-array normalization, and a probe-printing design that allows use of a statistical model to correct for effects of print tips and uneven hybridization. The array measures expression values in a single sample, rather than ratios between two samples. This allows accurate comparisons among many samples. The array typically yielded correlation coefficients higher than 0.99 between technically duplicated samples. Accuracy was demonstrated by a correlation coefficient of 0.88 between expression ratios determined from this array and an Affymetrix GeneChip, by quantitative RT-PCR, and by spiking known amounts of specific RNAs into the RNA samples used for profiling. The array was used to compare the responses of wild-type, @entity42591 and @entity19058 mutant plants to @entity281 by a @entity3437 expressing avrRpt2. The results suggest that @entity19058 affects a defense-signaling pathway(s) in addition to the @entity42591 -dependent pathway, and indicate that the microarray is a powerful tool for systems analyses of the @entity958 disease-signaling network.

title: A high-performance, small-scale microarray for expression profiling of many samples in XXXX -pathogen studies.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas syringae strain']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: High circulating @entity413 and non-esterified (free) @entity844 levels can cause pancreatic b-cell failure. The molecular mechanisms of this b-cell glucolipotoxicity are yet to be established conclusively. In the present paper we report on the involvement of @entity2383 in @entity844 -induced b-cell failure. We have used state-of-the-art extracellular flux technology to functionally probe mitochondrial energy metabolism in intact INS-1E @entity9608 cells in real-time. We show that 24-h palmitate exposure at high @entity413 attenuates the @entity413 -sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration and lowers coupling efficiency of @entity413 -stimulated oxidative phosphorylation. These mitochondrial defects coincide with an increased level of ROS (reactive @entity26 species), impaired GSIS ( @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion) and decreased cell viability. Palmitate lowers absolute @entity413 -stimulated respiration coupled to @entity855 synthesis, but does not affect mitochondrial proton leak. @entity2365 is not toxic when administered at low @entity413 unless @entity844 b-oxidation is inhibited. @entity20765 , on the other hand, does not affect mitochondrial respiration, ROS levels, GSIS or cell viability. Although @entity20765 protects against the @entity2365 -induced ROS increase and cell viability loss, it does not protect against @entity1576 . We conclude that @entity2383 contributes to @entity844 -induced @entity13897 , and that glucolipotoxic cell viability and GSIS phenotypes are mechanistically distinct.

title: Novel insights into pancreatic b-cell glucolipotoxicity from real-time functional analysis of mitochondrial energy metabolism in INS-1E XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity13897 :: ('MESH:D018149', 'Disease') :: ['GSIS impairment']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty-acid', 'fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate', 'Palmitate']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity20765 :: ('MESH:C008757', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoleate', 'Palmitoleate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory and insulin secretory defects']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity9608 :: (MESH:D007340,Disease) :: ['insulinoma']


abstract: 1. Intracarotid (I.C.) injection of either @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) or @entity935 inhibited spontaneous chemosensory activity recorded from the peripheral cut end of the sinus nerve in the anaesthetized @entity95 . 2. High doses of @entity1617 (greater than or equal to 50 micrograms I.C.) evoked a slight increase in discharge which preceded the inhibition. This excitation was attributable to a nicotinic action of the drug since it was abolished by @entity6959 . 3. The muscarinic agonist @entity10257 inhibited chemoreceptor activity, an effect which was blocked by high doses of @entity3897 , as was the inhibition caused by @entity1617 . @entity935 -induced inhibition was unaffected by @entity3897 . 4. @entity3897 , in doses sufficient to abolish the vasodepressor effect of @entity1617 , only slightly reduced the inhibitory action of @entity1617 on the chemoreceptors. Also, the vasodilators @entity11495 and @entity1854 did not appreciably alter chemosensory discharge. It seems unlikely, therefore, that the inhibitory response to @entity1617 is secondary to vascular changes. 5. The inhibitory response to @entity935 , but not that to @entity1617 , was blocked by the @entity935 antagonist @entity8878 . This implies that inhibition of chemosensory activity evoked by exogenous @entity1617 was not secondary to @entity935 release. 6. The implications of the results are discussed, particularly with regard to the possible physiological role of @entity1617 as a modulator of carotid chemosensory activity.

title: The effects of @entity934 and @entity935 on carotid chemosensory activity in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8878 :: ('MESH:D005475', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-flupenthixol']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine', 'Atropine']

entities_list: @entity11495 :: ('MESH:D012977', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitrite']

entities_list: @entity10257 :: ('MESH:D018723', 'Chemical') :: ['bethanechol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in @entity309 (RA) compared to non-RA subjects, and examine their impact on the risk of developing selected CV events ( @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and @entity65 ) in these two groups. METHODS: We examined a population-based incidence cohort of subjects with RA (defined according to the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria), and an age- and sex-matched non-RA cohort. All subjects were followed longitudinally through their complete community medical records, until death, migration, or 1 January 2001. Clinical CV risk factors and outcomes were defined using validated criteria. The chi2 test was used to compare the frequency of each CV risk factor at baseline. @entity1 -years methods were used to estimate the rate of occurrence of each CV risk factor during follow-up. Cox models were used to examine the influence of CV risk factors on the development of CV outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 603 RA and 603 non-RA subjects (73% female; mean age 58 years) were followed for a mean of 15 and 17 years (total: 8842 and 10,101 @entity1 -years), respectively. At baseline, RA subjects were significantly more likely to be former or current smokers when compared to non-RA subjects (p<0.001). Male gender, smoking, and personal cardiac history had weaker associations with CV events among RA subjects, compared to non-RA subjects. There was no significant difference between RA and non-RA subjects in the risk imparted with respect to the other CV risk factors (ie, family cardiac history, @entity101 , dyslipidaemia, body mass index, or @entity6 ). CONCLUSION: While some traditional CV risk factors imparted similar risk among RA compared with non-RA subjects, others (ie, male gender, smoking and personal cardiac history) imparted significantly less risk for the development of @entity65 . These differences in the overall impact of traditional CV risk factors suggest that strategies to prevent @entity65 and mortality focused solely on controlling traditional CV risk factors may be relatively less beneficial in RA subjects than in the general population. Further research is needed to determine optimal approaches to reducing CV morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with RA.

title: Do cardiovascular risk factors confer the same risk for cardiovascular outcomes in @entity309 @entity1 as in non- XXXX @entity1 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Person', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CV death', 'CV disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the feasibility of creating customized multifocal and aspheric patterns onto a light-adjustable lens (LAL) using a digital light delivery (DLD) system. METHODS: @entity1346 LALs were placed in a wet cell and irradiated in vitro using the DLD. Spatial intensity patterns were designed and generated to (1) create a multifocal optic with customized power and diameter and (2) simultaneously correct defocus and spherical aberration. In addition, the LALs were adjusted in vivo for defocus and spherical aberration using a @entity95 model. Optical properties of the adjusted LALs were determined using a phase-shifting Fizeau Interferometer and a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. RESULTS: In vitro creation of multifocal patterns demonstrated ability to reproducibly customize zone diameter and power. Both bull's-eye bifocal and annular patterns were successfully created on LAL. Central adds ranging from +2.0 to +3.5 D with zone diameters ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 mm were demonstrated with the bull's-eye pattern. Application of the annular pattern showed that an annular zone ranging from +2.25 to +2.8 D was written around either an unchanged or -2.5 D corrected LAL central 2-mm region. Spherical aberration was reduced simultaneously with correction of @entity3467 and @entity1714 , both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, these customized spatial intensity profiles can be written onto an LAL that is first adjusted to emmotropia. The ability to readjust the LAL is demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Customized multifocal optics were created in vitro on the LAL. Spherical aberration was reduced simultaneously with correction of defocus both in vitro and in vivo. Potential correction for @entity2008 was also demonstrated.

title: Light-adjustable lens: customizing correction for multifocality and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['higher-order aberrations']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['higher-order aberrations']


abstract: @entity43021 and @entity43022 are mitochondrial outer membrane proteins. @entity43021 is implicated in the import of proteins from the cytosol into the mitochondria in @entity375 and @entity1980 . @entity43022 is involved in the morphology and distribution of mitochondria in @entity375 . Here we report on the characterization of the genes encoding these proteins in the filamentous fungus @entity25667 . The two genes were previously genetically identified through a systematic search for nuclear suppressors of a degenerative process displayed by the AS1-4 mutant. The PaTom70 protein shows 80% identity with its @entity1980 homolog. The PaMdm10 protein displays 35.9% identity with its @entity375 homolog, and cytological analyses show that the PaMDM10-1 mutant exhibits @entity9442 , as does the @entity375 @entity43022 -1 mutant. Mutations in PaTOM70 and PaMDM10 result in the accumulation of specific deleted mitochondrial genomes during the senescence process of the fungus. The phenotypic properties of the single- and double-mutant strains suggest a functional relationship between the @entity43021 and @entity43022 proteins. These data emphasize the role of the mitochondrial outer membrane in the stability of the mitochondrial genome in an obligate aerobe, probably through the import process.

title: Mutations in genes encoding the mitochondrial outer membrane proteins XXXX and @entity43022 of @entity25667 modify the spectrum of mitochondrial DNA rearrangements associated with cellular death.

entities_list: @entity9442 :: ('MESH:C564971', 'Disease') :: ['giant mitochondria']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa', 'N. crassa']

entities_list: @entity25667 :: ('5145', 'Species') :: ['Podospora anserina']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity43021 :: (855602(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Tom70']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability of skin grafts used for correction of @entity4549 resulting from previous ablative surgery and radiotherapy for @entity135 and to report overall outcomes of @entity4549 repair. METHODS: This is a retrospective, noncomparative case series of all consecutive @entity1 with @entity135 who had been exposed to high-dose radiation therapy in their periocular region and had surgical correction of their lower eyelid @entity4549 through placement of a full-thickness skin graft and a lower eyelid tightening procedure by the same surgeon. The primary outcome measure was skin graft viability. Secondary outcome measures comprised postoperative complications, the overall outcome of ectropion repair as judged by improvement in symptoms of exposure keratopathy, and @entity734 on lubricating eye drops and ointments, as well as cosmetic improvement measured through a grading scale based on the degree of @entity5692 and/or tarsal conjunctival eversion. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were eligible for the study. Nineteen @entity1 and 6 @entity1 had a median age of 63 years (range, 20-84 years). All 25 @entity1 had high-dose radiation therapy for their @entity135 . All but 1 @entity1 had major @entity5 ablative surgery performed before radiation therapy. Thirteen of 25 @entity1 also received chemotherapy. There was 100% viability of the skin grafts used for the repair of lower eyelid @entity4549 . There were a few postoperative complications including the need for revision surgery to correct residual ectropion in the lower eyelid in 2 @entity1 , and a third @entity1 required a revision surgery due to upper eyelid retraction and lagophthalmos after harvest of skin graft from the upper eyelid. Improvement was noted in the subjective symptoms in 22 of 25 @entity1 (88%), whereas 17 @entity1 (68%) were noted to have improvement in their clinical findings on slit lamp examination. All 20 @entity1 , for whom good quality photos were available, had improvement in the degree of cicatricial @entity4549 as measured by the amount of @entity5692 and tarsal conjunctival eversion, although 11 @entity1 had some residual ectropion. All 20 had either good or excellent results in the appearance of their skin grafts. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that full-thickness skin grafts are a nice option for correction of cicatricial @entity4549 in a previously radiated field; 100% of the grafts survived. The majority of @entity1 had improvement of ocular surface damage and symptoms, with a decreased @entity734 on topical lubricants. All evaluable @entity1 had improvement in the degree of cicatricial @entity4549 , although close to one-half of @entity1 had some mild residual ectropion. The majority of @entity1 had excellent appearance of the skin graft.

title: Viability of full-thickness skin grafts used for correction of XXXX of lower eyelid in previously irradiated field in the periocular region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4549 :: ('MESH:D004483', 'Disease') :: ['cicatricial ectropion', 'lower eyelid ectropion']

entities_list: @entity5692 :: ('MESH:D015422', 'Disease') :: ['inferior scleral show']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity4549 :: (MESH:D004483,Disease) :: ['cicatricial ectropion']


abstract: Nucleocytoplasmic transport of mRNA is essential for eukaryotic gene expression. However, how mRNA is exported from the nucleus is mostly unknown. To elucidate the mechanisms of mRNA transport, we took a genetic approach to identify genes, the products of which play a role in that process. From about 1000 temperature -sensitive (ts- or cs-) mutants, we identified five ts- mutants that are defective in poly(A)+ RNA transport by using a situ hybridization with an oligo(dT)50 as a probe. These mutants accumulate poly(A)+ RNA in the nuclei when shifted to a nonpermissive temperature. All five mutations are tightly linked to the ts- growth defects, are recessive, and fall into four different groups designated as ptr 1-4 (poly(A)+ RNA transport). Interestingly, each group of mutants has a differential localization pattern of poly(A)+ RNA in the nuclei at the nonpermissive temperature, suggesting that they have defects at different steps of the mRNA transport pathway. Localization of a nucleoplasmin-green fluorescent protein fusion suggests that ptr2 and ptr3 have defects also in nuclear protein import. Among the isolated mutants, only ptr2 showed a defect in pre-mRNA splicing. We cloned the ptr2+ and ptr3+ genes and found that they encode @entity6739 homologues of the @entity1 @entity9605 , a @entity6370 exchange factor for @entity5856 / @entity5856 , and the @entity10684 involved in ubiquitin conjugation, respectively. The ptr3+ gene is essential for cell viability, and Ptr3p tagged with green fluorescent protein was localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This is the first report suggesting that the ubiquitin system plays a role in mRNA export.

title: Isolation and molecular characterization of mRNA transport mutants in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity10684 :: ('7318', 'Gene') :: ['ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']


abstract: Recognition that many @entity1 with benign sclerosing @entity1764 have smoldering disease responsible for failure of surgical procedures or for development of collateral circulation in @entity1 with @entity4264 has markedly improved management of these difficult @entity1 . @entity3219 complement fixation titers have been used to detect unsuspected subacute disease and to follow the therapeutic adjunctive management with @entity3102 , an oral antifungal agent. Twenty-two @entity1 with benign sclerosing @entity1764 demonstrated a variety of symptoms relating to the area of compression: superior vena cava, 13; esophagus, 3; pulmonary artery and pericardium, 3; and @entity825 , 3. @entity3219 was documented in 12 @entity1 . Operation is used initially for diagnosis, to rule out @entity189 , and to treat the complications: superior vena caval reconstruction, 6; tracheal decompression, 2; right middle lobectomy, 1; esophageal decompression, 2; division of @entity4501 , 1; and release of @entity2294 and @entity2293 , 1. @entity751 occurred in 1 @entity1 and wound @entity281 in another. No deaths resulted. In 6 cases of @entity3219 , symptoms recurred in 100% of @entity1 and were successfully managed with @entity3102 treatment, and then clinical progress was monitored with serial @entity3219 complement fixation studies. One @entity1 had four superior vena caval reconstructions at an outside hospital, each 1 year apart, with symptoms recurring each time. With @entity3102 therapy alone, she has been asymptomatic for more than 2 years. Vigorous search for a fungal cause may even obviate the necessity for surgical intervention. If an operation is necessary, preoperative and postoperative use of @entity3102 has assured success.

title: Sclerosing XXXX : improved management with @entity3219 titer and @entity3102 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['superior vena caval obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Postcardiotomy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis', 'Histoplasmosis']

answer: @entity1764 :: (MESH:D008480,Disease) :: ['mediastinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate diagnostic test accuracy ( @entity11510 ) of different tests for @entity27 ( @entity27 ) compared to polysomnography (PSG) in @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a systematic review according to @entity11510 criteria published by the Cochrane Collaboration. Studies that compared any possible diagnostic test with PSG for diagnosing @entity27 were considered. Study quality assessment was conducted in each selected study and @entity11510 measures recalculated by hand whenever possible. Excellent @entity11510 was defined as positive likelihood ratio (PLR)  >  10 and negative likelihood ratio (NLR)  <  0.1. RESULTS: We identified 1064 potentially relevant studies, of which 33 met inclusion criteria. Study quality was generally low; 5 studies fulfilled all quality criteria and 11 studies included >100 subjects. Included studies compared 40 different tests to PSG. Only 13 studies used the currently accepted definition for @entity27 (i.e., @entity27 index >= 1). In these studies, PLR ranged from 1.017 to    , NLR from 0 to 1.089. Sleep lab-based polygraphy, urinary biomarkers, and rhinomanometry (one study each) showed excellent @entity11510 . CONCLUSION: There is limited evidence concerning diagnostic alternatives to PSG for identifying @entity27 in @entity1 . However, polygraphy, urinary biomarkers, and rhinomanometry may be valid tests if their apparently high @entity11510 is confirmed by subsequent studies.

title: XXXX in @entity1 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: The acute effects of @entity1300 ( @entity1300 ) exposure have been well documented in many vertebrate species. However, less is known about the consequences in adulthood from sublethal exposure during development. To address this, we exposed @entity3392 to sublethal levels of @entity1300 (1h; 50 pg/ml), either in early embryogenesis (day 0) or during sexual determination (3 and 7 weeks), and assessed the effects later in adulthood. We found that exposure during embryogenesis produced few effects on the adults themselves but did affect the offspring of these fish: Malformations and increased mortality were observed in the subsequent generation. @entity3392 exposed during sexual development showed defects in the cranial and axial skeleton as adults. This was most clearly manifested as @entity1635 caused by @entity600 of individual vertebrae. These fish also showed defects in reproduction, producing fewer eggs with lower fertilization success. Both males and females were affected, with males contributing to the decrease in egg release from the females and exposed females contributing to fertilization failure. @entity1300 exposure at 3 and 7 weeks produced feminization of the population. Surprisingly, part of this was due to the appearance of fish with clearly female bodies, yet carrying testes in place of ovaries. Our results show that exposures that produce little if any impact during development can cause severe consequences during adulthood and present a model for studying this process.

title: Early dioxin exposure causes toxic effects in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1300 :: ('MESH:D013749', 'Chemical') :: ['TCDD', '2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Zebrafish', 'zebrafish']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: PURPOSE: To correlate @entity5 blood volume, measured by using dynamic susceptibility contrast material-enhanced T2*-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion studies, with @entity1 survival and determine its association with molecular subclasses of @entity463 ( @entity463 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This HIPAA-compliant retrospective study was approved by institutional review board. Fifty @entity1 underwent dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted MR perfusion studies and had gene expression data available from the @entity5 . Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) (maximum rCBV [rCBV(max)] and mean rCBV [rCBV(mean)]) of the contrast-enhanced lesion as well as rCBV of the nonenhanced lesion (rCBV(NEL)) were measured. @entity1 were subclassified according to the Verhaak and Phillips classification schemas, which are based on similarity to defined genomic expression signature. We correlated rCBV measures with the molecular subclasses as well as with @entity1 overall survival by using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were noted for rCBV(max), rCBV(mean) of contrast-enhanced lesion or rCBV(NEL) between the four Verhaak classes or the three Phillips classes. However, increased rCBV measures are associated with poor overall survival in @entity463 . The rCBV(max) (P = .0131) is the strongest predictor of overall survival regardless of potential confounders or molecular classification. Interestingly, including the Verhaak molecular @entity463 classification in the survival model clarifies the association of rCBV(mean) with @entity1 overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.46, P = .0212) compared with rCBV(mean) alone (hazard ratio: 1.25, P = .1918). Phillips subclasses are not predictive of overall survival nor do they affect the predictive ability of rCBV measures on overall survival. CONCLUSION: The rCBV(max) measurements could be used to predict @entity1 overall survival independent of the molecular subclasses of @entity463 ; however, Verhaak classifiers provided additional information, suggesting that molecular markers could be used in combination with hemodynamic imaging biomarkers in the future.

title: Genomic mapping and survival prediction in XXXX : molecular subclassification strengthened by hemodynamic imaging biomarkers.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer Genome Atlas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: @entity4373 ( @entity4373 ) is a major contributor to proteome diversity, but it also regulates gene expression by introducing premature termination codons (PTCs) that destabilize transcripts, typically via the @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) pathway. Such @entity4373 events often take place within long, conserved sequence elements, particularly in genes encoding various RNA binding proteins. @entity4373 - @entity1547 is often activated by the protein encoded by the same gene, leading to a self-regulating feedback loop that maintains constant protein levels. However, cross-regulation between different RNA binding proteins is also common, giving rise to finely tuned regulatory networks. Recently, we described a feedback mechanism regulating two protein components of the @entity39821 -dependent spliceosome ( @entity39822 -48K and @entity39823 ) through a highly conserved sequence element. These elements contain a @entity39822 @entity12922 -binding splicing enhancer (USSE), which, through the @entity39824 , activates an upstream U2-type 3'ss, resulting in the degradation of the @entity39822 -48K mRNA by @entity4373 - @entity1547 . Through phylogenetic analysis, we now identify a G-rich sequence element that is conserved in fishes as well as mammals. We show that this element binds @entity30033 /H proteins in vitro. Knockdown of @entity28187 /H2 or mutations in the G-run both lead to enhanced activation of the 3'ss in vivo, suggesting that @entity28187 /H2 proteins counteract the 3'ss activation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that U1 binding immediately downstream from the G-run similarly counteracts the @entity39822 -mediated activation of the alternative 3'ss. Thus, our results elucidate the mechanism in which snRNPs from both spliceosomes together with @entity28187 /H2 proteins regulate the recognition and activation of the highly conserved alternative splice sites within the @entity39822 -48K pre-mRNA.

title: @entity28187 /H2, U1 snRNP, and @entity39822 XXXX cooperate to regulate the stability of the @entity39822 -48K pre-mRNA.

entities_list: @entity4373 :: ('MESH:C536589', 'Disease') :: ['Alternative splicing', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['nonsense-mediated decay', 'NMD']

answer: @entity12922 :: (57819,Gene) :: ['snRNP']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics and acute effects of an authentic recombinant DNA-derived @entity1 growth hormone (rhGH) produced by genetically engineered @entity1 cells were determined in 12 healthy volunteers following intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of 4 IU (1.3 mg) hGH/m2 body surface area. Following i.v. administration, apparent elimination half-life of rhGH was 18 min. Following i.m. administration, a mean peak serum concentration of 36.9 ng/ml (range 13-61 ng/ml) occurred at 3 h, and following s.c. administration, more sustained but lower serum concentrations occurred, with mean peak concentrations of 16.4 and 16.3 ng/ml at 4 and 6 h (ranges 9.0-27.5 ng/ml and 6.5-35.5 ng/ml at 4 and 6 h, respectively). The mean area under the curves was lower after s.c. (134 +/- 48 ng.h.ml-1) than after i.m. (194 +/- 48 ng.h.ml-1) injections (p < 0.03). Comparable results were obtained for the same dose of rhGH given subcutaneously in concentrations of either 4 IU/ml or 10 IU/ml. Both i.m. and s.c. administrations caused similar increases in free @entity1718 at 4 h and @entity2690 -like growth factor I at 24 h. @entity2690 , C-peptide and blood @entity413 were almost unchanged during the first 4 h after administration, whereas leukocytes increased significantly (p < 0.0001). Local and systemic tolerance were good, and no adverse reactions were observed. In a @entity2338 child, hGH serum levels between 10 and 20 ng/ml were demonstrated for a period of 8 h after s.c. administration of 0.07 IU rhGH/kg body weight.

title: Pharmacokinetics and short-term metabolic effects of @entity1 cell-derived biosynthetic XXXX growth hormone in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH-deficient']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relevance of Power Doppler Ultrasonography (PDUS) as a predictive tool of one-year digital ulcers (DUs) occurrence in @entity785 ( @entity785 ). METHODS: 55 @entity785 @entity1 and 19 controls underwent PDUS of both hands to evaluate the prevalence of @entity432 ( @entity432 ) at baseline. Finger pulp blood flow (FPBF) of the third and fourth fingers were also assessed and considered as pathological if a defect of the doppler signal on a finger pulp was observed. All @entity1 were clinically re-evaluated 6 and 12 months later and new @entity63 DUs occurrences in the meantime were retrospectively recorded. @entity1 were also asked to phone if new DUs occurred between consultations. RESULTS: PDUS parameters were normal in all controls. The prevalence of @entity432 was 36.4% and was bilateral in 70% of the @entity785 cases. 56.4% of @entity785 @entity1 had a pathological FPBF. @entity432 and pathological FPBF were associated with a history of multiple DU episodes (OR=8.98; 95%CI (2.52-32.01); p<0.001 and OR=4.69; 95%CI (1.30-16.93); p=0.014) and the occurrence of new DUs during the follow-up in the univariable model (OR=8.73; 95%CI (2.00-38.16); p=0.005 and OR=12.65; 95%CI (1.50-106.77); p=0.005). The association of @entity432 and pathological FPBF in the same @entity1 was a predictive factor of new DU in the multivariable analysis (p=0,015). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that @entity432 and pathological FPBF are associated with a history of multiple DUs and are predictors of new @entity63 DUs. These parameters could be used as prognostic factors and considered in further studies evaluating DUs treatment strategies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Vascular evaluation of the hand by Power Doppler Ultrasonography provides new predictive markers of @entity63 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['UAO', 'ulnar artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']