abstract: A macrosurgical technique of thyrotracheal harvesting and direct revascularization with and without venous drainage in a heterotopic thyrotracheal and immunosuppressed allograft in the @entity1707 model is described. Harvesting included en bloc cervicothoracic exenteration of the aortic arch and its supraortic trunks, anterior vena cava, jugular veins, subclavian vessels, thyroid gland, cervicothoracic @entity825 , and esophagus. This technique conserves the tracheal arterial supply provided by either the right or left subclavian artery, directly or indirectly via the inferior thyroid artery, and venous return provided by the anterior vena cava, directly or indirectly via the descending cervical vein. In recipients, implantation included (1) arterial end-to-end anastomoses of the proximal and postscalenic stumps of donor's subclavian artery to the proximal and @entity9 of recipient's subclavian artery; (2) end-to-side venous anastomosis of the donor's anterior vena cava to the recipient's brachiocephalic venous trunk; and (3) heterotopic implantation of the proximal and distal orifices of the grafted @entity825 into the neck. Ten adult Large White @entity1707 underwent direct revascularization of a thyrotracheal allograft with (n = 6, group 1) and without (n = 4, group 2) venous drainage. All grafts of group 2 exhibited a @entity1188 , extensive @entity715 , and @entity63 and suppurative thyrotracheal necrosis 1 to 2 days after transplantation. In group 1, the length of the grafted @entity825 and number of rings were 9.75 +/- 1.5 cm and 22.1 +/- 3.3, respectively; @entity63 time was 236.3 +/- 338.3 minutes. Group 1 @entity1707 were put to death 4 (n = 4) and 3 (n =2) weeks after transplantation. All tracheal grafts had histologically normal airway epithelium; isolated areas of @entity63 of the chorion and submucosa lasted for the first 7 days after transplantation but disappeared after epithelial regeneration. Premortem angiograms showed that all vascular anastomoses were patent. Grafts were histologically normal at postmortem examinations and all but one had no rejection. This large animal model demonstrates that long tracheal allografts might be transplanted by means of this direct revascularization and venous drainage technique.

title: Heterotopic XXXX model for direct revascularization and venous drainage of tracheal allografts. Paris-Sud University Lung Transplantation Group.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['venous infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior thyroid artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['prescalenic stumps']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The insect fat body and the adipose tissue of vertebrates store @entity1718 (FA) as @entity1674 (TG). However, the fat body of most insects has the unique ability to rapidly produce and secrete large amounts of @entity2366 (DG). @entity5296 acyltransferase (MGAT), which catalyzes the synthesis of DG from MG, and a @entity2366 acyltransferase (DGAT), which catalyzes the synthesis of TG from DG, are key enzymes in the metabolism of neutral glycerides. However, very little is known about these acyltransferases in insects. In the present study we have cloned two predicted MGATs and a DGAT from @entity4079 and compared their sequences with predicted MGAT and DGAT homologs from a number of insect species. The comparison suggested that insects may only have a single DGAT gene, DGAT1. The apparent absence of a DGAT2 gene in insects would represent a major difference with vertebrates, which contain DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes. Insects seem to have a single MGAT gene which is similar to the MGAT2 of vertebrates. A number of conserved phosphorylation sites of potential physiological significance were identified among insect proteins and among insect and vertebrate proteins. DGAT1 and MGAT are expressed in fat body, midgut and ovaries. The relative rates of utilization of FAs for the synthesis of DG and TG correlated with the relative expression levels of MGAT and DGAT suggesting that regulation of the expression levels of these acyltransferases could be determining whether the fat body secretes DG or stores @entity1718 as TG. The expression patterns of the acyltransferases suggest a role of the @entity5296 pathway in the production and mobilization of DG in @entity4079 fat body.

title: @entity5296 and XXXX acyltransferases and the synthesis of neutral glycerides in @entity4079 .

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta', 'M.  sexta']

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity5296 :: ('CHEBI:17408', 'Chemical') :: ['monoacylglycerol', 'Monoacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity2366 :: (CHEBI:41847,Chemical) :: ['diacylglycerol']


abstract: IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Hyaluronidase for injection is an adjuvant that increases the absorption and dispersion of other injected drugs or fluids (hypodermoclysis); and improves absorption of radiopaque agents in subcutaneous urography. Ovine hyaluronidase is approved for the treatment of @entity548 . AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: We review approved indications for injectable hyaluronidase and off-label uses as well as safety, efficacy and dosing information. We compare formulations made using animal tissue extracts versus the novel @entity1 recombinant type. Emphasis is on the @entity1 recombinant form and off-label uses in @entity1 with @entity1118 . WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN: Hyaluronidase reduces the obstacle that the interstitial matrix presents to fluid and drug transfer. It is a mucolytic enzyme derived from @entity1 tissue or synthesized in vitro in pure form (rHuPH20) using recombinant technology. Hyaluronidase is used off-label in @entity1118 management to facilitate removal of epidural adhesions with mechanical and/or hydrostatic forces and to treat @entity4 . TAKE HOME MESSAGE: The recently introduced rHuPH20 formulation obviates any risk of @entity56 or prion-related illnesses. Reduction of @entity4 by hyaluronidase and facilitation of epidural adhesioloysis may be beneficial in treating certain chronic painful conditions.

title: Hyaluronidase: a review of approved formulations, indications and off-label use in XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: Narrative analysis is well established as a means of examining the subjective experience of those who suffer @entity102 and @entity5 . In a study of perceptions of the outcomes of treatment of @entity694 , we have been struck by the consistency with which @entity1 record three particular observations of their subjective experience: (1) the immediate impact of the @entity5 diagnosis and a persisting identification as a @entity5 @entity1 , regardless of the time since treatment and of the presence or absence of persistent or recurrent disease; (2) a state of variable alienation from social familiars, expressed as an inability to communicate the nature of the experience of the illness, its diagnosis and treatment; and (3) a persistent sense of boundedness, an awareness of limits to space, empowerment and available time. These subjectivities were experienced in varying degree by all @entity1 in our study. Individual responses to these experiences were complex and variable. The experiences are best understood under the rubric of a category we call "liminality". We believe that all @entity5 @entity1 enter and experience liminality as a process which begins with the first manifestations of their malignancy. An initial acute phase of liminality is marked by disorientation, a sense of loss and of loss of control, and a sense of uncertainty. An adaptive, enduring phase of suspended liminality supervenes, in which each @entity1 constructs and reconstructs meaning for their experience by means of narrative. This phase persists, probably for the rest of the @entity5 @entity1 's life. The experience of liminality is firmly grounded in the changing and experiencing body that houses both the disease and the self. Insights into the nature of the experience can be gained from the Existentialist philosophers and from the history of attitudes to @entity204 . Understanding liminality helps us to understand what it is that @entity1 with @entity5 (and other serious illnesses) seek from the system to which they turn for help. Its explication should therefore be important for those who provide health care, those who educate health care workers and those concerned to study and use outcomes as administrative and policy making instruments.

title: Liminality: a major category of the experience of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the colon']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer illness']


abstract: @entity746 / @entity304 - @entity303 complex is a highly prevalent @entity179 among the native Chamorro population of Guam, and is characterized by widespread formation of @entity3072 . In the present study, the distribution of @entity3072 was quantitatively assessed in the cerebral cortex of cases presenting with either predominant @entity746 or @entity304 - @entity303 symptomatology. Results show that although the regional and laminar lesion distribution is qualitatively similar in both groups, cases with predominant @entity304 - @entity303 generally have higher lesion densities than cases with @entity746 . Interestingly, layer II of the entorhinal cortex was affected to the same degree in both conditions. In both groups, the @entity1399 field of the hippocampus, subiculum, and entorhinal cortex were the most affected areas. In the neocortex, the perirhinal and inferior temporal cortex consistently had higher lesion densities than the frontal, parietal, and cingulate cortex, whereas the visual cortex was practically devoid of lesions. Also, most of the @entity3072 were located in the supragranular layers of the neocortex, with relatively low densities in the infragranular layers, in both brain groups. Interestingly, the primary motor cortex contained more @entity3072 in @entity304 - @entity303 than in @entity746 cases. It is possible that the differences in regional neurofibrillary tangle densities reflect the variable severity of the dementing process observed between the two groups of @entity1 . Several studies on @entity195 and @entity74 indicate that the regional and laminar cortical localization of @entity3072 may parallel the degeneration of specific corticocortical projections. The present data suggest that the population of corticocortical projections involved in Guamanian cases differs substantially from that affected in @entity195 . The differential distribution and densities of the lesions may contribute to the differences in symptomatology and severity of @entity303 among @entity195 and Guamanian cases, although these @entity179 as well as related illnesses may share certain etiopathogenetic mechanisms.

title: @entity746 and @entity304 - XXXX from Guam: differences in neurofibrillary tangle distribution and density in the hippocampal formation and neocortex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder', 'neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['related disorders']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1117 ( @entity1117 ) of childhood is a rare @entity154 of the phagocyte @entity1110 oxidase system. Affected neutrophils and macrophages have an ineffective respiratory burst and cannot destroy certain phagocytized bacteria and fungi. @entity1117 @entity1 usually present with recurrent @entity281 . Catalase-positive bacteria are frequently involved, since they metabolize the @entity273 they produce, making it unavailable for augmentation of microbicidal activity in @entity1117 neutrophils. Afflicted @entity1 also have a tendency to form @entity738 , which can lead to @entity3885 of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. METHODS: Charts of 10 @entity1 with @entity1117 were reviewed for age at diagnosis, surgical procedures, complications of these procedures, and medical treatment. RESULTS: Eight of the 10 @entity1 were male. The average age at first presentation was 18 months (range 2 days to 9.8 years). Each @entity1 developed a mean of 9.9 @entity281 and an average of 1.4 @entity281 per year. All required surgical procedures, with an average of 2.9 procedures each. Five @entity1 had operative procedures for @entity281 that preceded the diagnosis of @entity1117 . The procedures performed most frequently were incision and drainage of soft-tissue abcesses (7) or perirectal abscess (3), thoracentesis (3), and bronchoscopy (3). Three @entity1 had poor wound healing following surgery. Two developed partial @entity1084 which resolved with antibiotic therapy. One developed @entity2335 with @entity3885 which responded to antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Since @entity1 with undiagnosed @entity1117 may present with surgical problems, surgeons need to be familiar with this condition. The diagnosis should be suspected in @entity1 who have recurrent or unusual @entity281 or unexplained problems with wound healing.

title: The surgical implications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormality']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'pyogenic and fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic granulomatous disease', 'CGD']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous cystitis']

answer: @entity1117 :: (MESH:D006105,Disease) :: ['chronic granulomatous disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current study is to determine what factors have been associated with the global adoption of mandatory @entity1 restraint laws (ChRLs) since 1975. METHODS: In order to determine what factors explained the global adoption of mandatory ChRLs, Weibull models were analyzed. To carry out this analysis, 170 countries were considered and the time risk corresponded to 5,146 observations for the period 1957-2013. The dependent variable was first time to adopt a ChRL. Independent variables representing global factors were the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank's (WB) road safety global campaign; the Geneva Convention on Road Traffic; and the United Nation's (UN) 1958 Vehicle Agreement. Independent variables representing regional factors were the creation of the European Transport Safety Council and being a Commonwealth country. Independent variables representing national factors were population; @entity3749 ( @entity3749 ) per capita; political violence; existence of road safety nongovernmental organizations (NGOs); and existence of road safety agencies. Urbanization served as a control variable. To examine regional dynamics, Weibull models for Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Commonwealth were also carried out. RESULTS: Empirical estimates from full Weibull models suggest that 2 global factors and 2 national factors are significantly associated with the adoption of this measure. The global factors explaining adoption are the WHO and WB's road safety global campaign implemented after 2004 (P <.01), and the UN's 1958 Vehicle Agreement (P <.001). National factors were @entity3749 (P <.01) and existence of road safety agencies (P <.05). The time parameter    for the full Weibull model was 1.425 (P <.001), suggesting that the likelihood of ChRL adoption increased over the observed period of time, confirming that the diffusion of this policy was global. Regional analysis showed that the UN's Convention on Road Traffic was significant in Asia, the creation of the European Transport Safety Council was significant in @entity4324 , and the global campaign was in Africa. In Commonwealth and European and North American countries, the existence of road safety agencies was also positively associated with ChRL adoption. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the world models suggest that the WHO and WB's global road safety campaign was effective in disseminating ChRLs after 2004. Furthermore, regions such as Asia and @entity4324 were early adopters since specific regional and national characteristics anticipated the introduction of this policy before 2004. In this particular case, the creation of the European Transport Safety Council was fundamental in promoting ChRLs. Thus, in order to introduce conditions to more rapidly diffuse road safety measures across lagging regions, the maintenance of global efforts and the creation of road safety regional organizations should be encouraged. Lastly, the case of ChRL convergence illustrates how mechanisms of global and regional diffusion need to be analytically differentiated in order better to assess the process of policy diffusion.

title: Did XXXX Restraint Laws Globally Converge? Examining 40 Years of Policy Diffusion.

entities_list: @entity3749 :: ('MESH:D007787', 'Disease') :: ['gross domestic product', 'GDP']

entities_list: @entity4324 :: ('MESH:C567261', 'Disease') :: ['Europe and North America']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that intravenous administration of @entity12530 (25,28,29 tripro- @entity1 @entity2532 ), a @entity1 @entity2532 analogue, modulates the rate of appearance of @entity413 derived from a standard oral meal in the peripheral circulation of @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: After the observation that a 2-h infusion of @entity12530 at a rate of 150 micrograms/h, in conjunction with the subjects' usual morning insulin dose, decreased postprandial @entity4854 in 6 subjects with @entity1723 , a double-blind placebo-controlled two-period crossover design in an additional 18 @entity1723 @entity1 was undertaken to confirm and extend the observation. Based on reasoning that an effect to modulate the appearance of orally administered @entity413 would have no impact on the disposition of an intravenous @entity413 load, nine @entity1 were challenged with an intravenous @entity413 loads (300 mg/kg), while another nine @entity1 were challenged with a standardized Sustacal meal (350 kcal) during a 5-h infusion of @entity12530 (50 micrograms/h). On each occasion, the subjects received their usual morning doses of insulin subcutaneously. The impact of the @entity12530 infusion on the plasma @entity413 responses to these different challenges was assessed. RESULTS: Intravenous infusion of @entity12530 yielding steady state plasma concentrations of 225 +/- 15 pmol/l (mean +/- SE) reduced postprandial plasma @entity413 concentrations after the standardized Sustacal meal challenge. The mean area under the @entity413 curve, corrected for baseline, was reduced from -1,869 +/- 5,562 mg.dl-1.min during placebo infusion to -28,872 +/- 4,812 mg.dl-1.min during @entity12530 infusion, P = 0.0015. In contrast, an @entity12530 infusion producing steady-state concentrations of 234 +/- 16 pmol/l had no effect on the plasma @entity413 profile after administration of an intravenous @entity413 load. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12530 administration, in these @entity1 with @entity1723 , reduced postprandial @entity4854 apparently by affecting the delivery rate of @entity413 from the gastrointestinal tract. @entity12530 may prove to be a clinically useful addition to insulin regimens to facilitate the achievement of glycemic control.

title: Reduction of postprandial @entity4854 in subjects with @entity1723 by intravenous infusion of @entity12530 , a XXXX @entity2532 analogue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Correction of high degree @entity1714 , @entity9340 and @entity940 continues to remain one of actual problems of ophthalmology. The purpose of the present work - the analysis of results of application of refractive interlamellar tunnel keratoplasty variants. We develop 6 updatings tunnel keratoplasty. In total in clinic 310 operations from which in 158 cases as a transfer material used a donor @entity267 , in 63 cases - brephocornea (a fruit @entity267 ) and in 89 cases - hydrogel synthetic implant, modified in low-temperature to gas-discharge plasma are spent. From the specified number of operative interventions, on 86 eyes of operation tunnel keratoplasty have been spent at those @entity1 by whom earlier it has been given up in carrying out eximerlaser corrections, in connection with presence of a "thin", "flat" and "convex" @entity267 . Maximum refractive effect fell first two weeks after operation. Definitive stabilisation of a refraction occurred on 2-3 month, thus regress of the reached effect made an order of 10-12 %. It is reached refractive effect from 5,5 to 20,0 D. Undercorrection in some cases made to 3,5 D, that spoke very @entity1714 (more than 20,0 D) degrees . It has been noticed, that refractive effect of operations with ecsplants was above (on the average on 10 %), than at use of a donor @entity267 , at identical cross-section section of used transfer materials. It spoke that the synthetic material, unlike a donor @entity267 , kept the form. At all @entity1 substantial increase of visual acuities has been received, and in 75 % it was equal or exceeded visual acuity before operation with the greatest possible correction. Thus, clinical approbation has proved, that the variants of tunnel keratoplasty, are effective ways of @entity1714 , @entity9340 and @entity940 correction. Updating in gaseous plasma is represented in the perspective way of improvement of biocompatibility of synthetic materials.

title: [Efficiency of interlamellar refractive tunnel keratoplasty in @entity1714 and XXXX correction].

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia', 'myopia']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['astigmatism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1314 ( @entity1314 ) is a "new" diagnosis in the recently published @entity4987 , but there is very little literature on @entity1 with @entity1314 . Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of @entity1314 in @entity1 and adolescents undergoing day treatment for an @entity1277 , and to compare @entity1314 @entity1 to other @entity1277 @entity1 in the same cohort. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 7-17 year olds admitted to a day program for younger @entity1 with @entity1277 between 2008 and 2012 was performed. @entity1 with @entity1314 were compared to those with @entity1278 , and other specified feeding or @entity1277 /unspecified feeding or @entity1277 with respect to demographics, anthropometrics, clinical symptoms, and psychometric testing, using Chi-square, ANOVA, and post-hoc analysis. RESULTS: 39/173 (22.5%) @entity1 met @entity1314 criteria. The @entity1314 group was younger than the non- @entity1314 group and had a greater proportion of males. Similar degrees of @entity353 and @entity3147 were found between groups. @entity1 with @entity1314 reported greater fears of @entity391 and/or choking and food texture issues than those with @entity1277 , as well as greater dependency on nutritional supplements at intake. @entity1 's Eating Attitudes Test scores were lower for @entity1 with than without @entity1314 . A higher comorbidity of @entity148 , @entity245 , and @entity4207 , and a lower comorbidity of @entity308 , were found in those with @entity1314 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that there are significant demographic and clinical characteristics that differentiate @entity1 with @entity1314 from those with @entity1277 in a day treatment program, and helps substantiate the recognition of @entity1314 as a distinct @entity1277 diagnosis in the @entity4987 .

title: Prevalence and characteristics of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in a cohort of young XXXX in day treatment for @entity1277 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['pervasive developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['other eating disorders', 'eating disorders', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disorders']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder', 'ARFID']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Cytosolic NADPH can be directly oxidized by a @entity460 -dependent NADPH dehydrogenase, @entity20249 , present in the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain. However, little is known regarding the impact of modified cytosolic NADPH reduction levels on growth and metabolism. @entity20250 plants overexpressing @entity415 ( @entity415 ) @entity20249 displayed early bolting, whereas sense suppression of the same gene led to delayed bolting, with consequential changes in flowering time. The phenotype was dependent on light irradiance but not linked to any change in biomass accumulation. Whereas the leaf NADPH/ @entity1110 ratio was unaffected, the stem NADPH/ @entity1110 ratio was altered following the genetic modification and strongly correlated with the bolting phenotype. Metabolic profiling of the stem showed that the @entity1110 (H) change affected relatively few, albeit central, metabolites, including @entity15706 , @entity2227 , @entity9050 , @entity3363 , and @entity20251 . Consistent with the phenotype, the modified @entity20249 level also affected the expression of putative floral meristem identity genes of the SQUAMOSA and LEAFY types. Further evidence for involvement of the NADPH redox in stem development was seen in the distinct decrease in the stem apex NADPH/ @entity1110 ratio during bolting. Additionally, the @entity415 @entity20249 protein was specifically detected in mitochondria, and a survey of its abundance in major organs revealed that the highest levels are found in green stems. These results thus strongly suggest that @entity20249 in the mitochondrial electron transport chain can, by modifying cell redox levels, specifically affect developmental processes.

title: A redox-mediated modulation of stem bolting in transgenic XXXX differentially expressing the external mitochondrial NADPH dehydrogenase.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['2-oxoglutarate']

entities_list: @entity415 :: ('4113', 'Species') :: ['potato', 'Solanum tuberosum']

entities_list: @entity20251 :: ('MESH:D006600', 'Chemical') :: ['hexose-phosphates']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity20250 :: ('4096', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana sylvestris']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity20250 :: (4096,Species) :: ['Nicotiana sylvestris']


abstract: The effects of @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) on the @entity1 @entity1358 were examined. The kidneys were available from 32 @entity1 treated by radical nephrectomy due to @entity1358 . Immediately after nephrectomy the kidneys were perfused with cold HTK solution and stored for a maximum of 4 h in @entity2332 at 8 degrees C. The @entity5 were treated with 4,000 shocks (65 mPa = 0.6 mJ/mm2) in an electromagnetic lithotriptor ( @entity5377 Co., Erlangen, Germany). Microscopic and immunohistological examinations of the @entity5 were performed after treatment, and cell proliferation rates of treated and untreated specimens were analyzed by cell cultures in 10 cases. @entity1457 induce severe microscopic damage in the @entity5 tissue as complete rupture of the vessel walls and destruction of the tubular-formed @entity5 masses in the focal area. Immunohistochemistry shows intact immune reactive endothelial cells by factor 8-associated antibodies until the border to histological damage. Around this region a zone of negative antibody reaction against collagen type 4 is found. In cell cultures the proliferation rates of treated specimens were significantly lower compared to untreated. The @entity1 @entity1358 seems to be susceptible for treatment with shock waves. @entity1457 induce direct damage of @entity5 cells and vascular damage in the @entity5 which may be the primary cause of @entity5 @entity39 .

title: Treatment of XXXX @entity1358 with @entity1457 --a new in vivo/in vitro model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['high-energy shock waves', 'HESW']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The records of 125 @entity1 treated for @entity4264 secondary to @entity5 were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age of @entity1 was 55 years. @entity153 was the cause of the syndrome in 79% of cases, @entity706 18%, and other @entity5 6%. Approximately 80% of the @entity1 obtained good to excellent symptomatic relief. High initial dose radiation therapy (300-400 cGy daily for three fractions) yielded good symptomatic relief in less than 2 weeks in 70% of @entity1 ; conventional dose radiation therapy (200 cGy daily, five weekly fractions) yielded the same response in 56% of @entity1 (p = 0.09). @entity706 @entity1 displayed a 1 year survival of 41%, @entity4153 24%, and other types of @entity153 17%. Combination of radiation and chemotherapy did not improve response rate, degree of symptomatic relief or long-term survival. @entity1 exhibiting symptomatic relief within 30 days had a significantly better survival rate than those who did not (p = 0.002). Thirteen percent of @entity1 showed a recurrence of @entity4264 . There was no correlation between @entity5 regression and symptomatic relief. Side effects of therapy were minimal; @entity1282 was the most common complaint (26% of @entity1 ).

title: Role of irradiation in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['superior vena cava syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma', 'Bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity4264 :: (MESH:D013479,Disease) :: ['superior vena cava syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence highlights potential associations between varus thrust and health domains associated with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between varus thrust and 2 subcategories-" @entity158 and @entity2693 " and "activities of daily living (ADL)"-of the Japanese @entity626 Measure (JKOM). DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS: In total, 296 outpatients with knee @entity571 visiting orthopedic clinics were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were age >= 50 years, medial knee @entity571 and Kellgren-Lawrence (K/L) grade >= 1 in one or both knees, and the ability to walk independently. Standard posterior-anterior knee radiographs were measured for varus alignment. @entity1 were video recorded while walking and were evaluated for the presence or absence of varus thrust. @entity158 and @entity2693 of the knee joint and ADL were evaluated using the JKOM. Multivariate regressions (outcomes: @entity158 and @entity2693 and ADL; predictor variable: varus thrust) were performed. RESULTS: Varus thrust was present in 46 (16.2%) of 284 @entity1 . Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that varus thrust is independently associated with @entity158 and @entity2693 , adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, K/L grade, and varus alignment (b=.17, P=.005). However, the association between varus thrust and ADL was not significant (b=.11, P=.058). Based on sensitivity analyses, including @entity1 of K/L grade 1 had little influence on this analysis. LIMITATIONS: Only 16.2% of @entity1 had a varus thrust. Moreover, a cause-effect relationship between varus thrust and @entity158 and @entity2693 remains unknown due to the cross-sectional design of this study. CONCLUSIONS: Varus thrust was associated with @entity158 and @entity2693 in @entity1 with medial knee @entity571 . However, the association between varus thrust and ADL did not reach significance.

title: Association of Varus Thrust With @entity158 and Stiffness and Activities of Daily Living in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis', 'Knee Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['Medial Knee Osteoarthritis']


abstract: Ticks continue to be a threat to animal and @entity1 health, and new and novel control strategies are needed for ticks and tick-borne pathogens. The characterization of the tick-pathogen interface and the tick immune response to microbial infections is fundamental toward the formulation of new control strategies for ticks and the pathogens they transmit. Our overall hypothesis for this research is that the tick immune system manages the maintenance of pathogens. Therefore, discovery of tick immune response genes may provide targets for novel control strategies directed toward reducing vector competency and pathogen transmission. In these studies, 454 pyrosequencing, a high-throughput genomic sequencing method was used to discover tick genes expressed in response to @entity2348 . Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were analysed from Dermacentor variabilis ticks that had been injected with bacteria ( @entity526 , @entity3881 , @entity7178 ) or fungi ( @entity375 and @entity5132 ) and ticks that were naturally infected with the intracellular bacterium, @entity16451 . By this approach, ESTs were assembled into 5995 contigs. Contigs fell into the five main functional categories of metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing, cellular processes and @entity1 diseases. We identified more than 30 genes that are likely to encode for proteins involved in tick immune function. We further analysed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) the expression of 22 of these genes in each of our bacterial or fungal treatment groups and found that seven were up-regulated. Up-regulation of these seven genes was confirmed for bacterial, but not fungal treatment by quantitative PCR (qPCR). One of these products was novel, encoding a new tick defensin. Our results clearly demonstrate the complexities of the tick immune system and mark new directions for further study and characterization of proteins that modulate microbial infections in the American @entity235 tick.

title: Pyrosequencing and characterization of immune response genes from the American XXXX tick, Dermacentor variabilis (L.).

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity16451 :: ('770', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma marginale']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Species') :: ['Micrococcus luteus']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: About 1.9 % of the population suffer from @entity27 ( @entity27 ). At the age of between 30 and 60 years it occurs in 3 %. @entity1 with @entity27 develop @entity74 as @entity4288 , @entity943 and arterial @entity101 . A host of pathophysiological changes can be diagnosed. The elevated sympathic activity, recurrent @entity519 , stress, disturbances in the microvascular milieu, @entity409 , elevated oxidative capacity as well as a reduced vascular reagibility are deemed to be factors connected to @entity4288 . Different biochemical markers, which are seen as risk factors or as markers of @entity65 , are altered in @entity1 with @entity27 (high-sensitive CRP, @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 , @entity310 , VGEF, @entity2071 , @entity4725 and @entity1196 ). @entity1 with @entity27 exhibit signs of an @entity73 . Disturbances in microcirculation are also evident. @entity1 with @entity27 have, compared to @entity1 without @entity387 , elevated blood pressure measurements, even given other common risk factors. The incidence of @entity301 is increased in @entity1 with @entity27 . Morbidity and mortality, especially of @entity66 are elevated. Many of the aforementioned disturbances can be improved by a CPAP-therapy.

title: [ XXXX and sleep-disordered breathing].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['an obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'OSAS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemias']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['more frequently such disorders']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: Throughout @entity1 history @entity1002 has been considered as sinful. It has been associated with the devil, weakness, female gender, unhealthiness, evil, something that has to be turned to a "good"--right side by force. Left-handedness is being more and more acceptable at rational level, but in everyday life it is still considered to be unusual if someone writes with the left hand. Lessening of the number of lefthanders is associated with ageing. There are about 13% lefthanders among @entity1 in twenties and less than 1% lefthanders among those in eighties. This finding may be explaned with more pronounced socio-cultural pressure on left-handed @entity1 in the past, compared to nowadays. On the other hand, this may also support the hypothesis about a reduced life span of lefthanded @entity1 . With cross-exercising of @entity1002 , certain typical characteristics and behavioural patterns appear in these @entity1 . This was a sort of provoked behaviour and an attack on the integrity of an emotional attitude toward oneself. Stuttering may also appear as a consequence of unsuccessful cross-exercising of @entity1002 . The hypothesis about @entity1002 as an advantage is supported with the reports about relatively more lefthanders in some specific groups such as: mathematicians, sculptors, architects, painters, musicians, actors, tennis players, as well as famous army commanders and rulers.

title: [Social aspects of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left-handedness']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left-handedness']


abstract: @entity360 ( @entity360 ) is the acute abdomen, defined as gastrointestinal tract @entity548 under the ligament of Treitz. We present the case report of @entity1 iteratively hospitalized because of repeated @entity360 . There were performed gastrofibroscopy, colonoscopy and capsule endoscopy, without the @entity548 localization. Scintigraphy and computer tomography showed the origin of @entity548 in terminal small intestine; the computer tomography diagnosed the @entity2758 in this area. During laparotomy the resection of 120 cm of terminal small intestine was performed with end-to-end @entity254 . The recurrence of @entity548 was not diagnosed. @entity360 takes about 0.5% of acute hospitalization at surgery departments. After the stabilization of vital functions, the exclusion of the @entity360 and fast gastrointestinal tract preparation, the urgent colonoscopy is recommended. In case of non-successful colonoscopy, the most of authors recommend angiography, capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy. The conservative management is adequate in more than 2/3 of @entity1 ; in part of them the intervention during colonoscopy is possible. Surgical intervention with gastrointestinal tract resection is performed in less than 17% of @entity1 . The urgent surgery is needed in 4.7% of @entity1 . All the diagnostic and curative interventions have greater success and should be performed during the acute @entity548 .

title: [ XXXX in small intestine as atypical etiology of lower gastro-intestinal @entity548 --a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding', 'LGIB', 'upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['Arteriovenous malformation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The radical treatment of locally advanced @entity1149 (LA-NSCLC) currently involves combined modality therapy (CMT) with the use of chemotherapy in addition to radiation therapy and/or surgery. Chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival, but does not alter brain relapse. We reviewed the outcomes of Stage IIIA and IIIB LA-NSCLC @entity1 treated with CMT at our institution. We assessed the incidence of brain @entity3 and the management and outcome of these @entity1 . METHODS: Using our radiation-planning database (RSTS), we identified 230 consecutive @entity1 from the years 1999 and 2000 who received radical radiation therapy to the lung. Extracting data from the chart, we identified 83 @entity1 who were treated radically with chemotherapy, radiation and possibly surgery. These @entity1 form the basis of this study. RESULTS: At 2 years, the actuarial rates for any brain failure, first failure in the brain and sole failure in the brain were 34.2%, 24.6% and 11.0%, respectively. Age was the only factor among sex, histology, stage, weight loss and the timing of chemotherapy and radiation that predicted for an increased risk of first failure in the brain. @entity1 less than age 60 had a risk of 25.6% versus 11.4% for those greater than 60 (p = 0.022). Among the @entity1 who failed first in the brain, those who had aggressive management of their brain @entity3 with surgical resection in addition to whole brain radiotherapy had a median survival of 26.3 months compared with 3.3 months for those treated with palliative whole brain radiotherapy alone. CONCLUSION: Brain @entity3 are common in @entity1 with LA-NSCLC treated with CMT. These @entity1 may benefit from either prophylactic cranial irradiation or early detection and aggressive treatment of brain @entity3 .

title: Does the incidence and outcome of brain XXXX in locally advanced @entity1149 justify prophylactic cranial irradiation or early detection?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: @entity645 prevalence among @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 (MSM) has increased rapidly in China. Behavioral and biologic interventions are the key to control the spreading of @entity645 in the MSM population and the primary strategy for reducing the spread of @entity791 in China. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship among @entity645 -related knowledge, the basic information of respondents, service utilization and risky @entity146 . Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit 225 MSM in Fushun and Huludao in China. The results of univariate analysis showed that condom use in the past 6 months was associated with age, being more knowledgeable about @entity645 , accepting lubricant distribution, and peer education (p<0.05). The @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) results was as following,   (2)=863.45 (p<0.01); root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.04; goodness of fit (GFI)=0.94, which indicated the model fitted the data well. The factor loads of @entity645 -related knowledge, the basic information of respondents, service utilization and risky @entity146 was -0.06, 0.07, -0.27, respectively, which indicated that service utilization was likely to be a major factor negatively impacting risky @entity146 . For service utilization, the greatest item load was for distribution of lubricants and peer education, 0.69, 0.68, respectively. The factor load of @entity645 -related knowledge and service utilization was 0.15, which suggested that risky @entity146 might be indirectly reduced by improving @entity645 / @entity791 knowledge to increase service utilization. Basic information (age, income, marital status, age at first sexual intercourse) had a greater impact on service utilization, with a load factor of 0.26. For basic information, the greatest item load was age (0.96). In terms of the intervention strategies, it is essential that public health education is provided for the young, to ultimately decrease risky behaviors in MSM.

title: Factors that influence risky @entity146 among XXXX who have sex with @entity1 in Liaoning province, China: a structural equation model.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviors', 'sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural equation modeling', 'SEM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2173 , an @entity74 that occurs with a frequency of 1:250,000, is caused by a genetic defect in @entity377 excision repair enzymes. Mutation of these enzymes leads to the development of multiple basal cell and @entity957 . OBJECTIVES: We present a case of @entity2173 in a @entity1 with cervical and intraparotid @entity3 from recurrent @entity957 of the face and scalp, treated with neck dissection and re-irradiation. With the illustrative case report, we include a literature review of diagnosis, prognostic factors, and treatment, with emphasis on surgical and radiation treatment of cervical @entity3 from recurrent @entity1489 . CASE PRESENTATION: A @entity2173 @entity1 presented to our clinic with a 2-cm right submental and 1-cm right infra-auricular mass after resection of multiple @entity957 of the scalp and face, and external-beam radiation therapy to the right face and neck. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the submental mass revealed poorly differentiated @entity957 . The @entity1 was brought to the operating room for a right modified radical neck dissection and excision of the right submental and intraparotid mass. Surgical pathology revealed 3 level ia and supraclavicular lymph nodes that were positive for @entity957 . Re-irradiation to the entire right hemi-neck and left submandibular nodal region was performed using opposed oblique portals for the upper neck and a low anterior en face hemi-neck portal. The left parotid region was also included in the re-irradiation volume. Treatment was completed without delayed complications or recurrences to date. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature of a @entity1 with @entity2173 who subsequently developed @entity3 from recurrent @entity957 . Because of the rarity of @entity2173 , this case report is also the first to describe re-irradiation to treat cervical and intraparotid @entity3 in a @entity2173 @entity1 .

title: Re-irradiation of XXXX in the neck from @entity2173 .

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas', 'squamous cell carcinomas', 'metastatic squamous cell carcinoma', 'cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum', 'Xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central nervous system (CNS) development and physiopathology are greatly affected by environmental stimuli. The intestinal barrier restricts the entrance of toxins, pathogens, and antigens while modulating the expression of various neuroactive compounds. The existence of a rich gut-to-brain communication raises the possibility that intestinal barrier alterations may take part in the pathophysiology of @entity6220 . AIM: To review evidence associating intestinal barrier dysfunction with the development of @entity6220 . METHODS: Literature search was conducted on PubMed using the following terms: intestinal barrier, intestinal permeability, central nervous system, @entity146 , @entity161 , @entity2438 , stress, @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity179 . RESULTS: Clinical and animal model studies of the association between intestinal barrier and @entity161 , @entity72 , @entity179 or @entity308 were reviewed. The majority of reports concentrated on @entity161 and @entity72 . About half of these described increased intestinal permeability/ @entity16 in @entity1 compared with healthy controls, with up to 43% of @entity1 with @entity72 and up to 35% of @entity161 @entity1 displaying abnormally high urinary excretion of the @entity3363 used as permeability markers. However, another substantial group of studies did not find such differences. In @entity72 , some reports show that the use of diets such as the gluten-free casein-free diet may contribute to the normalisation of @entity11884 / @entity2656 ratio, but to date there is no adequately controlled study showing improvement in behavioural symptoms following these dietary interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of altered intestinal permeability in individuals suffering from @entity6220 is limited and cannot be regarded as proven. Moreover the efficacy of targeting gut barrier in the management of neurological and behavioural aspects of @entity6220 has not yet been established, and needs further investigation.

title: Review article: intestinal barrier dysfunction and XXXX - a controversial association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity6220 :: (MESH:D020279,Disease) :: ['central nervous system disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cystic PNETs are an uncommon @entity5 increasingly detected in current clinical practice which often present a diagnostic challenges to both the experienced radiologist and pathologist. The aim of this study was to review the available literature to summarize current data that compare and evaluate both the clinical and pathologic features of @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of the current literature was performed using the search engines EMBASE and PubMed to identify all studies reporting on @entity788 . The MeSH search terms used were " @entity788 ", "endocrine @entity5 ", and " @entity45 ". Multiple combinations of the keywords and MeSH terms were used. RESULTS: The clinical evaluation of @entity660 appears to suffer from same limitations despite the improvement in the diagnostic tools. Subsequently, we highlight diagnostic pitfalls and differential diagnosis of these @entity5 . In this review we discuss current advances in the application of the imaging modalities and characteristics features with special emphasize on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and EUS guide fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 in the pancreas underlines the clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasound in the work-up of @entity1 with unclear lesions in the pancreas. EUS-FNA cytology and cyst fluid analysis is a useful adjunct to abdominal imaging for the diagnosis of @entity660 . Due to the evident diagnostic difficulties, we hypothesize that cyst fluid characteristics, including cytomorphological features, is the most accurate test to achieve a preoperative diagnosis and to provide a basis for prognostic prediction.

title: XXXX : To date a diagnostic challenge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic tumors', 'Cystic neuroendocrine tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['cystic pancreatic lesions', 'pancreatic cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: microRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression negatively. Although a role for aberrant miRNA expression in @entity5 has been postulated, the pathophysiologic role and relevance of aberrantly expressed miRNA to @entity5 biology has not been established. METHODS: We evaluated the expression of miRNA in @entity1 @entity96 ( @entity96 ) by expression profiling, and defined a target gene and biologically functional effect of an up-regulated miRNA. RESULTS: @entity10017 was noted to be highly overexpressed in @entity5 and cell lines in expression profiling studies using a miRNA microarray. Inhibition of @entity10017 in cultured @entity96 cells increased expression of the phosphatase and tensin homolog ( @entity983 ) @entity5 suppressor, and decreased @entity5 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In contrast-enhanced @entity10017 expression by transfection with precursor @entity10017 increased @entity5 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, an increase in cell migration was observed in normal @entity1 hepatocytes transfected with precursor @entity10017 . @entity983 was shown to be a direct target of @entity10017 , and to contribute to @entity10017 effects on cell invasion. Modulation of @entity10017 altered focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and expression of matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9, both downstream mediators of @entity983 involved in cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Aberrant expression of @entity10017 can contribute to @entity96 growth and spread by modulating @entity983 expression and @entity983 -dependent pathways involved in mediating phenotypic characteristics of @entity5 cells such as cell growth, migration, and invasion.

title: MicroRNA-21 regulates expression of the @entity983 XXXX suppressor gene in @entity1 @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular cancer', 'HCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'HCC tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, hemodynamic instability including @entity551 and its effect on the clinical outcome in @entity1 treated with @entity1289 inhibitors (ACEIs) during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) has been described. However, no analysis has examined the dose of ACEIs and its risk of @entity551 . In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a higher dose of ACEIs could lead to increased episodes of @entity551 . METHODS: A total of 300 @entity1 scheduled for CABG were studied prospectively. They were divided into 3 groups according to their preoperative use of different doses of ACEIs. The demographic and medical characteristics were compared between these 3 groups. During CABG and throughout the intensive care unit (ICU), vasoconstrictors were infused in @entity1 undergoing @entity551 (mean arterial pressure [MAP] < 65 mm Hg or >30% below baseline). The predictive factors responsible for @entity551 were investigated separately using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: The 3 groups were similar with regard to the @entity1 ' demographic and medical characteristics. The @entity1 treated with ACEIs were more likely to develop @entity551 (73% of high dose and 47% of low dose) in the operating room than those without ACEIs (30%). However, in the ICU, there was no significant association between hemodynamic changes and ACEIstreated @entity1 . Other independent risk factors identified for @entity551 were ejection fraction, history of @entity583 , coronary grafting count, and pump time during surgery and/or ICU admission. CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamic changes during CABG were observed to be directly proportional to the dosage of ACEIs prescribed preoperatively.

title: The effect of @entity1289 inhibitor on hemodynamic instability in XXXX undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: results of a dose-comparison study.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Some @entity1 with @entity882 due @entity1252 fail to respond to conventional therapies. Rituximab has been reported to be an alternative for @entity1 treatment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the response of @entity882 due to @entity1252 to the use of Rituximab and @entity1 relapse time at our hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed @entity1 with @entity1252 than received a 2 gram rituximab treatment for @entity882 . We analyzed the rate of @entity1 that achieved complete remission (CR), defined as a platelet count over 100mil/mm(3), partial remission (PR) described as platelets within 50-100mil/mm(3) and no response (NR) if platelets remained unchanged and the time the remission was sustained. RESULTS: 16 treatments were applied to 13 @entity1 , aged 28  9 years of age and @entity1252 mean duration time of 68  44 months with a mean platelet count of 38  29mil. In 14 treatments (87%) remission was achieved after 5  2 weeks where 2 @entity1 (12.5%) were non respondent. One of them died due to a @entity548 . The mean response time without relapse was 15.6  6 months. Follow up of three @entity1 was not possible and 3 other died due to @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Rituximab is an alternative for treatment of @entity882 due to @entity1252 .

title: [Treatment with rituximab for @entity882 due to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: The acute anti- @entity63 and anti-anoxic effects of @entity3982 (DX) were compared with those of @entity3390 ( @entity3390 ) in a variety of animal models, and in vivo and in vitro testings under anoxic conditions. DX reduced the incidence of @entity204 in @entity63 @entity19 and improved the rotarod performance of @entity19 with @entity2806 . The ischemically-impaired memory of @entity19 treated with DX markedly improved, as shown in the step-through type passive avoidance test, Morris water maze and in the habituation of exploratory behavior test. @entity3390 likewise improved the water maze performance of the ischemically-impaired @entity19 , but to a lesser extent. The step-through type passive avoidance performance of @entity63 @entity19 was not improved by @entity3390 . In the passive avoidance task with normal @entity19 , DX, like @entity3390 , produced anterograde @entity2730 at doses higher than those needed to attenuate the behavioral effects of @entity63 . DX, intravenously or centrally administered, markedly and dose-dependently reduced the incidence of @entity204 in @entity19 receiving @entity3983 ( @entity3984 ). DX lessened the reduction in @entity855 ( @entity855 ) and increased @entity880 contents in @entity19 dosed with KCN and also lessened the reduction in @entity855 in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation reactions caused by KCN (0.58 mmol/l), whereas @entity3390 failed to show any effect on @entity855 formation pathways in vivo and in vitro, and failed to protect @entity19 against KCN-induced lethal @entity137 in vivo. In the in vitro studies, DX increased the @entity1920 kinase activity of the @entity35 brain homogenate. DX was found to be a cerebroprotectant with anti- @entity63 and anti-anoxic actions, the effects probably stemming from its @entity1024 receptor antagonistic property in cooperation with its @entity855 replenishing action.

title: @entity3982 attenuates the behavioral consequences of XXXX and the biochemical consequences of anoxia: possible role of @entity1024 receptor antagonism and @entity855 replenishing action in its cerebroprotecting profile.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity3983 :: ('MESH:D011190', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium cyanide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3982 :: ('MESH:D003917', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrorphan']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of @entity1581 ( @entity1581 ) is determined by demonstration of a monoclonal immunoglobulin molecule or chain in serum and/or urine. Previous results on immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) and quantitative free light chain (FLC) measurements have been conflicting. @entity1 AND METHODS: The purpose of this study was to compare IFE with serum FLC assays in the detection of MG. Between November 2006 and November 2007, results on routinely ordered serum IFE specimens were compared with independently conducted FLC assays. RESULTS: @entity1581 were identified in 144 specimens by IFE; 73 @entity1 (50.7%) had a normal kappa/lambda ratio in the FLC assay. Also, 44.6% of samples with IgG and IgA M-proteins had a normal kappa/lambda ratio. Of 357 sera that showed no M-protein by IFE, 95.8% exhibited a normal kappa/lambda ratio. Out of 11 @entity1 with @entity66 , 9 had abnormal kappa/lambda ratios. It is unclear why half of the @entity1 with MG by IFE had normal kappa/lambda ratios. Lower M-components in these @entity1 suggested that some had @entity1581 of undetermined significance. CONCLUSION: For screening purposes, serum IFE should be carried out in @entity1 with suspected MG.

title: Comparison of serum immunofixation electrophoresis and free light chain assays in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['light chain disease']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathies', 'monoclonal gammopathy', 'MGs', 'Monoclonal gammopathies']

answer: @entity1581 :: (MESH:D010265,Disease) :: ['monoclonal gammopathies']


abstract: The efficacy and side-effects of @entity859 for treatment of @entity943 were compared to @entity1855 therapy in @entity1 presenting to the emergency room. Clinical variables and the time interval from the initiation of treatment to the termination of the @entity4710 , as well as the time from the initial effective dose of medication to the termination of @entity4710 were compared for @entity859 and @entity1855 . @entity859 was given to a total of 44 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 in the electrophysiology laboratory, and 28 @entity1 in the emergency room for evaluation and termination of their @entity591 . In the electrophysiology laboratory, 7 @entity1 had AV node reentry, 5 had @entity3153 , 2 of whom had @entity955 but no bypass tract reentry, 1 had concealed bypass tract reentry, 1 had @entity14336 , 1 had intraatrial reentry, and 1 had an automatic @entity591 . Twenty-five @entity1 received @entity859 in the emergency room and 3 @entity1 in the hospital for 31 episodes of @entity943 . In the emergency room, 11 @entity1 had @entity4710 due to AV node reentry, 3 had @entity3153 , 6 had @entity956 or intra-atrial re-entry, 2 had @entity1165 , and 3 had @entity7129 . In the hospital, 2 @entity1 had @entity956 and one had @entity7129 . The group of 14 @entity1 with @entity4710 due to @entity3153 or AV node reentry presenting in the emergency room were compared in a retrospective manner to the @entity1 treated with standard @entity1855 therapy with respect to time from initiation of therapy to termination of @entity4710 and time from effective dose of medication to the termination of @entity4710 , as well as side-effects. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to clinical variables. @entity859 converted 18 of 18 episodes of @entity4710 in 14 @entity1 24.6 +/- 9.6 seconds from the administration of the effective dose (0.104 +/- 0.024 mg/kg) and a mean of 4.4 +/- 2.0 minutes from the initiation of therapy. @entity1855 converted 29 of 32 episodes of @entity4710 in 20 @entity1 , 10.9 +/- 7 minutes from the administration of the effective dose, and a mean of 16.8 +/- 20 minutes from the initiation of therapy using a mean of 8.4 +/- 3.4 mg of IV @entity1855 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity859 : a clinical experience and comparison with @entity1855 for the termination of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine', 'Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter and fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity14336 :: ('MESH:D008151', 'Disease') :: ['Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the implications of using the new classification criteria for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) in clinical practice in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity625 . METHODS: The study group comprised 301 disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-naive @entity1 with early @entity625 . The baseline diagnosis was assessed by applying the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and 2010 ACR/European League Against @entity627 (EULAR) criteria for @entity309 as well as established diagnostic criteria for other @entity627 . Diagnostic and prognostic data were collected after 2 years of followup. Fulfillment of the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria was evaluated in the subset of @entity1 in whom undifferentiated @entity625 (UA) was diagnosed when the 1987 ACR criteria were applied, and fulfillment of @entity309 criteria over time was tested by applying the 2 different criteria sets. RESULTS: The median @entity625 duration at baseline was 4 months (range 0-12 months). At baseline, 28% of the @entity1 fulfilled the 1987 ACR criteria, and 45% fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for @entity309 . Among the @entity1 classified as having UA at baseline according to the 1987 ACR criteria, 36% had fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria already at baseline. Among the @entity1 classified as having UA at baseline but who fulfilled the 1987 ACR criteria after 2 years of followup, 85% had fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria at baseline. @entity1 with @entity66 who fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria were less likely to be autoantibody positive and more likely to have monarthritis at presentation than those fulfilling the 1987 ACR criteria. CONCLUSION: Use of the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria clearly allows earlier diagnosis of @entity309 , although the clinical picture is slightly different on the group level, and @entity309 may be falsely diagnosed in some @entity1 with self-limiting disease.

title: The clinical picture of @entity309 according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against XXXX criteria: is this still the same disease?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism', 'rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['very early arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['Rheumatism']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of proton beam therapy (PBT) for the treatment of metastatic @entity96 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 140 @entity1 with liver @entity3 who received PBT were retrospectively investigated. The main primary @entity5 sites were the colorectum (60) and the pancreas (19). RESULTS: One hundred thirty-three @entity1 (95%) completed treatment. Two @entity1 experienced late adverse effects (rib @entity174 and @entity255 ). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 24%. In the 85 @entity1 with lesions confined to the liver, the 5-year OS rate of was 28%, and in the 55 @entity1 with lesions both inside and outside the liver, it was 16% (P=0.007). Among the @entity1 with lesions confined to the liver, the 5-year OS rate of the 62 @entity1 who received curative treatment was 30%, and that of the 23 @entity1 who received palliative treatment, 23% (P=0.016). Multivariate analysis showed that the treatment strategy (curative and palliative) alone was associated with the OS rate (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: PBT is a potentially safe and effective treatment for metastatic @entity96 .

title: Proton beam therapy for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: Outbreaks of @entity6063 have been linked to nontypeable strains of @entity328 that lack a capsule, a key virulence factor for invasive @entity281 . In contrast, isolates from sporadic, nonoutbreak cases of @entity2024 were thought to be similar to invasive or nasopharyngeal isolates with respect to their capsular serotype and antibiotic resistance profile. This hypothesis was tested for 302 strains isolated during three prospective, multicenter clinical studies of @entity6063 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity2260 capsular serotypes were determined by agglutination assay and confirmed by the Statens Serum Institute. The presence of the cpsAB capsule genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Minimum inhibitory concentrations were measured for 17 antibacterial drugs by the broth microdilution method. RESULTS: Only 25 (8.3%) isolates reacted with the capsule-specific antisera and only one (0.3%) of these serotypes was covered by the capsule-specific PCV7 vaccine. The remaining 277 (91.7%) isolates were nontypeable, suggesting that they did not produce a capsule. PCR analysis indicated the loss of the capsule operon in 24/25 randomly selected nontypeable strains. Resistance rates were highest for @entity4580 , @entity206 , and @entity803 , while no resistance was detected for the @entity2887 , @entity5136 , and @entity2176 . Antibiotic resistance rates were generally lower than those reported for invasive isolates, although some highly resistant or multidrug-resistant isolates were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of nontypeable strains of @entity2260 was higher than expected, while the number of isolates responsive to the PCV7 vaccine was surprisingly low. These results highlight the need for new vaccines that can target all @entity2260 strains regardless of the presence or nature of a capsule. In addition, resistance to @entity4580 , @entity2929 , @entity803 , and @entity206 was greater than 10%, which may be relevant when selecting empiric treatments for ocular surface @entity281 .

title: High proportion of nontypeable XXXX isolates among sporadic, nonoutbreak cases of @entity6063 .

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity6063 :: ('MESH:D003234', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: Noise-normalization has been shown to partly compensate for the localization bias towards superficial sources in minimum norm estimation. However, it has been argued that in order to make inferences for the case of multiple sources, localization properties alone are insufficient. Instead, multiple measures of resolution should be applied to both point-spread and cross-talk functions (PSFs and CTFs). Here, we demonstrate that noise-normalization affects the shapes of PSFs, but not of CTFs. We evaluated PSFs and CTFs for the MNE, dSPM and sLORETA inverse operators, on the metrics @entity2631 ( @entity2631 ), @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ) and overall amplitude (OA). We used 306-channel @entity16968 configurations obtained from 17 subjects in a real experiment, including individual noise covariance matrices and head geometries. We confirmed that for PSFs @entity2631 improved after noise normalization, and is zero for sLORETA. However, @entity1480 was generally lower for the unnormalized MNE. OA distributions were similar for all three methods, indicating that all three methods may greatly underestimate some sources relative to others. The reliability of differences between methods across subjects was demonstrated using distributions of standard deviations and p-values from paired t-tests. As predicted, the shapes of CTFs were the same for all methods, reflecting the general resolution limits of the inverse problem. This means that noise-normalization is of no consequence where linear estimation procedures are used as "spatial filters." While low @entity2631 is advantageous for the localization of a single source, or possibly a few spatially distinct sources, the benefit for the case of complex source distributions is not obvious. We suggest that software packages for source estimation should include comprehensive tools for evaluating the performance of different methods.

title: Comparison of noise-normalized minimum norm estimates for XXXX analysis using multiple resolution metrics.

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['dipole localization error', 'DLE']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'spatial dispersion']

answer: @entity16968 :: (5775,Gene) :: ['MEG']


abstract: Many epidemiologic studies have disclosed that restricted fetal growth has been associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance in adulthood. We studied the relationship of intracellular @entity1760 [Mg2+]i in cord blood platelets to adipocytokine and birth size. The subjects were 20 @entity1 with small for gestational age (SGA) and 45 @entity1 with appropriate for gestational age (AGA). By using a fluorescent probe, we examined [Mg2+]i of platelets in the cord blood. Cord plasma insulin, @entity442 , ghrelin, @entity1254 , @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), and leptin levels were determined with the use of ELISA. Mean [Mg2+]i was lower in the SGA than in the AGA groups (p < 0.001). @entity1254 and @entity442 were also lower in the SGA than in the AGA, whereas @entity2289 was higher in the SGA. [Mg2+]i was significantly correlated with birth weight, birth length, and @entity1254 . Birth weight was also correlated with cord plasma @entity442 , @entity1254 , and leptin. @entity1720 check index (QUICKI) was lower in the SGA group than in the AGA group. [Mg]i and @entity1254 were correlated with QUICKI in all subjects. [Mg]i, as well as leptin and @entity442 , reflect the extent of fetal growth. Decreased [Mg2+]i may be involved in the underlying processes to insulin resistance.

title: Intracellular XXXX and adipokines in umbilical cord plasma and @entity1 birth size.

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['Quantitative insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: Selection of the appropriate @entity1219 concentration for test medium for @entity6101 susceptibility testing of @entity794 and coagulase-negative staphylococci has been problematic when using different antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. Broth microdilution, using cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 2% @entity1219 , is the currently recommended reference method. There is currently no recommendation for the addition of @entity1219 to agar for dilution susceptibility tests when @entity794 species are tested with @entity6101 . We examined the effects of adding 0, 2%, 4%, and 5% @entity1219 to Mueller-Hinton agar and broth for agar dilution, Etest, and broth microdilution tests. The results of these tests were compared with the reference broth microdilution results and with the results of a hybridization assay using a mec gene probe. We tested 223 strains of staphylococci, 128 of which were mec gene positive and had @entity6101 minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) > or = 4 micrograms/ml. Seven strains of @entity794 were mec probe negative but were @entity6101 resistant. Seven coagulase-negative strains (three @entity5938 , one @entity5939 , and three @entity13999 ) were mec probe positive and were @entity6101 susceptible. The MICs for @entity6101 -resistant strains increased two- to fourfold with the addition of 2% @entity1219 , but the MICs for @entity6101 -susceptible strains were unchanged. Major and very major interpretative rates ranged from 18.2% to 20.2% for agar dilution and Etest without @entity1219 added to the medium, and these rates decreased to < 1% with the addition of 2% @entity1219 to the medium. The addition of 4% or 5% @entity1219 caused major error rates of > 17% for all test methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Optimizing testing of methicillin-resistant XXXX species.

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity5939 :: ('1283', 'Species') :: ['S. haemolyticus']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of @entity5301 ( @entity5301 ) against @entity296 ( @entity296 ). METHODS: Pressure-overloaded @entity35 were established by abdominal aortic constriction, the @entity35 were randomly divided in a double-blind manner into 3 groups (n = 12 for each group): sham-operated @entity35 (sham), operated @entity35 receiving physiological saline (vehicle) and operated @entity35 receiving 4,000 U/kg rhEPO ( @entity5301 group). The vehicle and drugs were administered to @entity35 by intraperitoneal injection. In addition, cultured adult @entity35 cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were utilized to investigate the role of @entity5301 in CF proliferation and collagen secretion. RESULTS: After 4 weeks, besides an increase in blood pressure, @entity1283 , collagen deposition in the myocardium and decreased cardiac function were observed in the pressure-overloaded @entity35 . The expression of @entity1110 oxidase ( @entity8562 and @entity8563 ) and inflammatory cytokines ( @entity1008 , F4/80 and @entity4647 ) was also significantly increased. All these alterations were prevented by @entity5301 . @entity1810 promoted CF proliferation, collagen secretion, ROS production and @entity8562 / @entity8563 expression, which was inhibited by @entity5301 . In addition, the @entity1810 -induced increase of @entity2508 phosphorylation and NF-x03BA;B expression were attenuated by @entity5301 . CONCLUSION: @entity5301 inhibited @entity35 @entity296 induced by pressure overload and improved myocardial function by decreasing CF proliferation and differentiation via inhibition of the @entity1110 -ERK-NF-x03BA;B pathway.

title: @entity5301 Decreases the Occurrence of XXXX by Inhibiting the @entity1110 -ERK-NF-x03BA;B Pathway.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Fibrosis']


abstract: @entity71 ( @entity71 ) and @entity72 ( @entity72 ) are often comorbid and share @entity73 in sustained attention. A key question is whether this shared cognitive phenotype is based on common or different underlying pathophysiologies. To elucidate this question, we compared 20 @entity1 with @entity71 to 20 age and IQ matched @entity72 and 20 healthy @entity1 using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a parametrically modulated vigilance task with a progressively increasing load of sustained attention. @entity71 and @entity72 @entity1 had significantly reduced activation relative to controls in bilateral striato-thalamic regions, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and superior parietal cortex. Both groups also displayed significantly increased precuneus activation relative to controls. Precuneus was negatively correlated with the DLPFC activation, and progressively more deactivated with increasing attention load in controls, but not @entity1 , suggesting problems with deactivation of a task-related default mode @entity74 . However, left DLPFC underactivation was significantly more pronounced in @entity71 relative to @entity72 @entity1 , which furthermore was associated with sustained performance measures that were only impaired in @entity71 @entity1 . @entity72 @entity1 , on the other hand, had disorder-specific enhanced cerebellar activation relative to both @entity71 and control @entity1 , presumably reflecting compensation. The findings show that @entity71 and @entity72 @entity1 have both shared and disorder-specific @entity75 during sustained attention. @entity51 were in fronto-striato-parietal activation and default mode suppression. Differences were a more severe DLPFC dysfunction in @entity71 and a @entity76 in @entity72 .

title: Disorder-specific functional abnormalities during sustained attention in youth with @entity71 ( XXXX ) and with autism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in brain function']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural-cognitive abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Shared deficits']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['Autism Spectrum Disorder', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['network in both disorders']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['disorder-specific fronto-striato-cerebellar dysregulation']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5813 is a lupus susceptibility locus that has been linked to @entity631 in the NZM2410 @entity19 . By itself, @entity5813 does not induce any autoimmune pathology but results in the accumulation of B-1a cells. This study was designed to assess the contribution of @entity5813 to the pathogenesis of @entity792 . METHODS: @entity5813 or its subcongenic intervals (Sle2a, Sle2b, and Sle2c1) were bred to Fas-deficient B6.lpr @entity19 . Lymphoid phenotypes, which were focused on T cells, were assessed by flow cytometry, and histopathologic changes were compared between cohorts of B6. @entity5813 .lpr congenic @entity19 and B6.lpr @entity19 of ages up to 6 months. RESULTS: @entity5813 synergized with lpr, resulting in a greatly accelerated lymphadenopathy that largely targeted T cells and mapped to the Sle2c1 locus. This locus has been identified as the main contributor to B-1a cell expansion. Further analyses showed that Sle2c1 expression skewed the differentiation and polarization of Fas-deficient T cells, with a reduction of the @entity1961 +CD25+ @entity3744 + regulatory T cell subset and an expansion of the Th17 cells. This was associated with a high number of T cell infiltrates that promoted severe @entity1310 and @entity1909 in the B6.Sle2c1.lpr @entity19 . CONCLUSION: These results show that Sle2c1 contributes to lupus pathogenesis by affecting T cell differentiation in combination with other susceptibility loci, such as lpr. The significance of the cosegregation of this phenotype and B-1a cell expansion in Sle2c1-expressing @entity19 in relation to the pathogenesis of lupus is discussed.

title: The NZM2410-derived lupus susceptibility locus Sle2c1 increases Th17 polarization and induces XXXX in fas-deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity1310 :: (MESH:D009393,Disease) :: ['nephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Usefulness of @entity64 in @entity64 @entity1 is well established. There is extensive western literature on usefulness of @entity64 units in outcome, but limited evidence from the rest of the world. We aim to evaluate the impact of establishing a @entity64 unit on outcome in @entity1 presenting to a tertiary care facility. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 1003 @entity1 admitted to Hamad General Hospital, Qatar, with @entity64 between January 2014 and February 2015. @entity1 directly admitted to intensive care unit (132) were excluded. We compared outcomes of pre- and poststroke ward (SW) establishment and in SW @entity1 versus those of general medical wards. RESULTS: Before the establishment of the SW, 175 @entity1 were admitted to the hospital. From April 2014 to February 2015, 696 @entity1 were admitted (SW, 545; medical ward, 151). There was a significant reduction in length of stay from 14.7  27.7 to 6.2  20.2 days (P=0.0001) and incidence of complications (23.6% versus 6.4%, P=0.0001) after implementation of @entity64 -specific protocols. Prognosis at discharge (modified Rankin Scale 0-2 in 56.0% versus 70.4%, P=0.001) and at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale 0-2 in 70.6% versus 95.0%, P=0.001) also significantly improved. Compared with medical ward @entity1 , outcome was significantly better in SW @entity1 with fewer complications (10.9% versus 5.0%, P=0.013) and shorter length of stay (8.9  30.7 versus 5.4  16.1 days, P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Establishing a distinct SW is essential for achieving full benefits of @entity64 protocols implementation. SW @entity1 have significantly fewer complications and better prognosis when compared with @entity1 in medical wards.

title: Beneficial Effects of XXXX Protocols Require Establishment of a Geographical Distinct Unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'multidisciplinary stroke units']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Implementing Stroke']


abstract: Between 1980 and 1992, 14 @entity1 (median age 50 years) with @entity17539 were treated with multidrug combination chemotherapy in our institution. Twelve @entity1 had Stage IV (Jackson classification) @entity5 , 1 @entity1 each had Stage III and Stage II. All @entity1 received @entity900 -based chemotherapy. @entity900 was associated with either @entity1487 (4 @entity1 ), @entity1499 and @entity1732 (4 @entity1 ), @entity1499 (3 @entity1 ), @entity632 (1 @entity1 ), @entity1732 and @entity5713 (1 @entity1 ), or @entity1732 and @entity1259 (1 @entity1 ). Thirteen @entity1 were evaluable for response. Objective response was encountered in 2 @entity1 (15%) with 1 complete response and 1 partial response. Response duration was difficult to determine because of additive radio-therapy or @entity1 was lost to follow-up. There were 2 @entity1 with long-term evidence of no disease among 12 @entity1 with @entity5 . These 2 @entity1 received complementary irradiation in association with the chemotherapy. The response rate was dismal in our series. @entity1499 -based regimens seem to be the most active. The bimodality treatment with multidrug chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced @entity5 could offer a survival advantage in the management of these @entity1 .

title: XXXX chemotherapy: twelve years' experience at Institut Gustave-Roussy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'penile cancer', 'Stage IV disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity17539 :: ('MESH:D010412', 'Disease') :: ['penile carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Penile cancer']


abstract: The role of @entity1951 as a possible mediator of the inhibition of evaporative water loss (EWL) in dehydrated, heat-stressed @entity468 has been examined by intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ). In normally hydrated @entity468 exposed to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 38 degrees C, neither EWL nor body temperature (Tb), measured in the hypothalamus, was significantly altered by i.v. @entity1831 infusion. Measurements of plasma osmolality (pOsm), pAVP and cerebrospinal fluid @entity1831 (csfAVP) were made in normally hydrated @entity468 at Tas of 25 and 38 degrees C and after dehydration for 1-4 days at these temperatures. The relationship between pOsm and pAVP can be described equally well by either a linear model or a log-linear model (r = 0.81 for both models). The pOsm-csfAVP relationship is best described by a log-linear model (r = 0.80). A possible role for intracranially released @entity1831 in body temperature regulation and control of EWL was examined by injecting various doses of @entity1831 into the lateral ventricles of normally hydrated @entity468 . No effect of @entity1831 injection on Tb was observed at either a Ta of 23 degrees C or 38 degrees C. EWL was also unaffected by i.c.v. @entity1831 administration at a Ta of 38 degrees C. To confirm further that intracranial @entity1831 is not responsible for elevation of Tb and reduction of EWL during dehydration and heat-stress, specific antiserum to @entity1831 was injected into the ventricles of dehydrated animals at a Ta of 38 degrees C. No significant effect on either Tb or EWL was measured subsequent to antiserum infusion. These negative findings indicate that @entity1831 does not suppress EWL by either a peripheral or a central action and is therefore not responsible for lowered EWL and elevated Tb seen in dehydrated heat-stressed @entity468 .

title: XXXX and the regulation of evaporative water loss and body temperature in the cat.

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

answer: @entity1951 :: (MESH:D014667,Chemical) :: ['Vasopressin']