abstract: The use of biomarkers is a promising approach to the study of @entity1 @entity5 risk. Bronchial @entity4648 in sputum cytology may be a marker for potential premalignancy that can be used for population studies. We recently performed a randomized, controlled trial in smokers on the effect of 14 weeks @entity2066 (20mg/day) on markers for DNA damage. We now have evaluated the application of sputum cytology in this study and performed a preliminary evaluation of the effect of @entity2066 . Of the 150 potential @entity1 in this trial 75 were not eligible because they failed to produce sputum samples (n = 29), or because samples were unsatisfactory (n = 46). The eligible group was older (41 vs 37 years) and had smoked longer (23 vs 19 years), but had similar cigarette consumption (mean 21/day) and plasma @entity4874 levels. @entity4648 was graded in seven categories. Only 11 subjects (15%) showed minor or mild atypia on study entry. Agreement within and between observers was 95% within the same or an adjacent category. We observed no significant correlation between before and after treatment final @entity4648 scores in either the @entity2066 (Spearman R = 0.18, P = 0.3) or placebo group (Spearman R = 0.17, P = 0.3). Initial @entity4648 scores were somewhat higher in the @entity2066 group (n = 33) than in the placebo group (n = 42) (P = 0.06). Final @entity4648 scores were similar in both groups (P = 0.69), and there was no decrease in @entity4648 scores in the @entity2066 group (P = 0.75). This study indicates that sputum cytology may not yet be a readily applicable marker in studies of a healthy asymptomatic population, because many smokers do not spontaneously produce sputum, more severe lesions are rare, and variation over time in the minor lesions in large. Therefore, the preliminary evidence that @entity2066 has no influence should be interpreted with care.

title: The effect of XXXX on sputum cytology in smokers: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['Metaplasia', 'metaplasia']

answer: @entity2066 :: (MESH:D019207,Chemical) :: ['beta-carotene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3645 are the initiating factors of biliary acute @entity788 . @entity3645 can induce the activation of intracellular zymogen, thus leading injury in pancreatic acinar cells. Pathological zymogen activation in pancreatic acinar cells is a common feature of all types of acute @entity788 . The proteins expressed in pancreatic acinar cells during the activation of zymogen may determine the severity of acute @entity788 . The present study aims to determine the differentially expressed proteins in @entity43372 -stimulated pancreatic acinar cells as an in  vitro model for acute @entity788 . METHODS: @entity35 pancreatic acinar AR42J cells were treated with @entity43372 for 20  min. Laser confocal scanning microscopy and flow cytometry were used to detect activated trypsinogen in pancreatic acinar AR42J cells. After the determination of trypsinogen activation, proteome analysis was performed to identify the proteins differentially expressed in @entity43372 -treated cells and non-treated cells. RESULTS: After treatment with @entity43372 for 20  min, the activation of trypsinogen in AR42J cells was concurrent with changes in the protein expression profile. Thirty-nine differentially expressed proteins were detected; among these, 23 proteins were up-regulated and 16 proteins were down-regulated. KEGG analysis indicated that these proteins are involved in cellular metabolic pathways, cellular defensive mechanisms, intracellular @entity460 regulation and cytoskeletal changes. CONCLUSION: The expression of proteins in the pancreatic acinar cell changes at the early stage of biliary acute @entity788 . These differentially expressed proteins will provide valuable information to understand the pathophysiologic mechanism biliary acute @entity788 and may be useful for prognostic indices of acute @entity788 .

title: Early proteome analysis of XXXX pancreatic acinar AR42J cells treated with @entity43372 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity43372 :: ('MESH:C066776', 'Chemical') :: ['taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: HER family receptors play a critical @entity105 . There is a growing body of evidence showing that cooperation between them contributes to a more @entity146 phenotype and impacts on their response to targeted therapy. We explored immunohistochemical co-expression of HER family receptors ( @entity470 , @entity1722 , @entity7514 , @entity12251 ) and its potential role as prognostic factor in resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Expression of HER family receptors was assessed by immunohistochemistry on 125 surgically resected @entity1149 . Kaplan-Meier estimates of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), disease-free survival (DFS), and time to recurrence were calculated for clinical variables and HER expression, using the Cox model for multivariate analysis. @entity470 and @entity7514 expression was detected more frequently in @entity957 (p = 0.002 and p = <0.001, respectively). @entity12251 was more often expressed in @entity1 older than 60 years (p = 0.02) and in @entity5 of low histological grade (p = 0.04). Cases which expressed only @entity470 had a worse DFS (p = 0.01) and @entity1349 (p = 0.01) compared to cases expressing @entity470 and one or more of the other family members and to cases which did not express @entity470 but one of the other @entity3250 . By multivariate analysis, stage was an independent prognostic factor for DFS and @entity1349 . Furthermore, different patterns of co-expression of HER family receptors showed a statistically significant correlation with a shorter DFS (p = 0.03) and @entity1349 (p = 0.02). Our findings suggest that expression of @entity470 only is correlated with worse DFS and @entity1349 . A better understanding of the functional relationships between these receptors may lead to a useful predictive indicator of response to targeted therapy.

title: Co-expression of receptors of the HER family correlates with clinical outcome in XXXX ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['role in lung carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of commonly used biomarkers in @entity2194 management in a longitudinal observational case series study followed by an interventional study in a subset of subjects treated with @entity205 (0.05%). METHODS: Bilateral tear osmolarity, Schirmer, tear film breakup time (TBUT), staining, meibomian grading, and Ocular Surface Disease Index were measured for a period of 3 consecutive months in @entity1 recruited from a clinic-based population at 2 study sites. Fifty-two subjects completed the study (n = 16 mild/moderate, n = 36 severe; age, 47.1    16.1 years). After the 3-month observation period, severe @entity936 @entity1 were prescribed topical @entity205 and evaluated for an additional 3 months. RESULTS: Tear osmolarity (8.7    6.3%) exhibited significantly less variability over a 3-month period than corneal staining (12.2    8.8%, P = 0.040), conjunctival staining (14.8    8.9%, P = 0.002), and meibomian grading (14.3    8.8%, P < 0.0001) across the entire @entity1 population. Osmolarity also demonstrated less variation than TBUT (11.7    9.0%, P = 0.059), Schirmer tests (10.7    9.2%, P = 0.67), and Ocular Surface Disease Index (9.3    7.8%, P = 0.94), although the differences were not significant. Variation in osmolarity was less for mild @entity936 @entity1 (5.9    3.1%) than severe @entity936 @entity1 (10.0    6.9%, P = 0.038). After treatment, average osmolarity and variability were lowered from 341    18 mOsm/L to 307    8 mOsm/L (P < 0.0001, n = 10). A downward trend in symptoms followed changes in osmolarity, declining from 44    17 mOsm/L to 38    18 mOsm/L (P = 0.35). None of the other signs demonstrated a change after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Over a 3-month period, tear film osmolarity was found to have the lowest variability among commonly used signs of @entity2194 . Reductions in osmolarity preceded changes in symptoms during therapy.

title: Clinical utility of objective tests for XXXX : variability over time and implications for clinical trials and disease management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['dry eye disease']


abstract: As a surgical oncology concept, complete mesenteric excision has been widely accepted. As to different organs, in addition to the rectum and the colon, the range or the criteria of the so-called complete mesenterium is not yet entirely clear. For the stomach, the mesogastric structure is so complicated, and the embryology and anatomy of the mesogastrium or the perigastric ligaments differed significantly. Even to perform a resection in accordance with the anatomy plane of mesogatrium, the mesogastric plane is still extended as compared to the current standard D2 radical resection. We therefore propose the concept of surgical mesogastrium, which means that the essence of en bloc mesogastric excision (EME) should be surgical mesogastric resection. In clinical practice, we found that a lot of symmetric similarity exists in stomach and colon, the morphological transformation from stomach to the colon can be accomplished to some extent by extension and folding of the stomach, and striking match exists in the morphology, distribution of the blood vessels, lymphatic drainage and mesenterium (mesogastrium or mesocolon). On this basis, we propose the plane of the surgical mesogastrium, which includes the gastrohepatic ligament, hepatoduodenal ligament, hepatopancreatic folds, splenicpancreatic folds, gastrophrenic ligament, gastrosplenic ligament, gastrocolic ligament (supracolic omentum) and omentum. This surgical mesogastric plane coincides with the current plane of D2 radical resection. This paper further discussed the N staging of @entity356 . By comparative study of the stomach and the colon, we could re-classify the stomach-associated lymph nodes into three groups, the perigastric, the middle and the roots, which may resolve the long-standing controversy between the Eastern and Western regarding this issue. In addition, we also agree with the presence of lymph node @entity3 in the plane outside of the surgical mesogastrium, the so-called lateral lymph node @entity3 . As for the N staging of @entity1820 , we must firstly define the lymph node @entity3 as mesenteric (mesogastric or mesocolic lymph node) and extra-mesenteric (later lymph node). In case of lateral lymph node @entity3 , which should be considered as M1 stage (distant @entity3 ) unless there is evidence to suggest lateral lymph node @entity3 , otherwise extended lateral lymph node dissection should be avoided. In case of mesenteric (mesogastric or mesocolic) lymph node @entity3 , classification should be in accordance with the current NCCN guideline, which was divided by the number of lymph node @entity3 (N1-N3).

title: [Interpretation of D2 radical operation and en bloc mesogastric excision in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the long-term results of fibrin glue embolization to eliminate type I endoleaks after @entity439 repair (EVAR), and to assess the feasibility and durability of this technique. METHODS: From August 2002 to June 2010, among the 953 EVAR @entity1 , 51 (5.4%) @entity1 underwent intraoperative transcatheter fibrin glue sac embolization to resolve @entity1070 persisting after initial intraoperative maneuvers to close the leak or in necks too short or angulated for cuff placement. Computed tomographic angiography was performed to assess the outcome after 3, 6, and 12 months and annually thereafter. A retrospective study was conducted, and characteristics of the @entity1 , intra-sac pressure, hospital course, and long-term outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: Among the 51 @entity1 , 19 (37.3%) @entity1 had proximal necks long < 10 mm, and 6 (11.8%) @entity1 had proximal neck angulation > 60  ; 22 @entity1 (3 additional iliac extension, 14 cuffs, and/or 8 stents) had been placed with additional devices. After fibrin glue injection, 50 (98.0%) of the 51 endoleaks were successfully resolved, and intra-sac pressure (including systolic, diastolic, mean pressures, pulse pressure, and the mean pressure indexes) decreased significantly in these cases. The @entity1 who failed embolotherapy was converted to open surgery (2.0%); he died 2 months later from @entity177 . And other two (4.8%) @entity1 died in the peri-operative period from @entity583 . The median of follow-up of 48 @entity1 was 45 months (range 4 - 106 months). The mean maximal @entity439 diameter fell from the baseline (61.5    15.2) mm to (48.8    10.1) mm (P = 0.000). Three (6.2%) @entity1 died in the follow-up duration (1 @entity439 -related, died of @entity177 which was caused by the compromised renal artery). Cumulative survival was 97.9% at 1 year, 94.5% at 3 years, and 90.8% at 4 years. No recurrent @entity1070 or glue-related complications were observed in follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrin glue embolization to eliminate @entity1070 after EVAR has yielded promising results in this study, and it can effectively and durable resolve the type I endoleaks. Balloon occlusion of the inflow of the endoleak must be done during glue injection, to enhance the safety and facilitate formation of a structured fibrin clot.

title: [Fibrin glue embolization treating intra-operative XXXX of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm: long-term result].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type I endoleak']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1070 :: (MESH:D057867,Disease) :: ['type I endoleak']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Exosome nanoparticles carry a composite cargo, including microRNAs (miRs). Cultured cardiovascular cells release @entity696 -containing exosomes. The exosomal trafficking of miRNAs from the heart is largely unexplored. Working on clinical samples from coronary-artery by-pass graft (CABG) surgery, we investigated if: 1) exosomes containing cardiac miRs and hence putatively released by cardiac cells increase in the circulation after surgery; 2) circulating exosomes and exosomal cardiac miRs correlate with cardiac troponin (cTn), the current "gold standard" surrogate biomarker of @entity296 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The concentration of exosome-sized nanoparticles was determined in serial plasma samples. Cardiac-expressed ( @entity9630 , @entity696 -24, @entity696 -133a/b, @entity16381 /b, @entity10018 ), non-cardiovascular ( @entity2853 ) and quality control miRs were measured in whole plasma and in plasma exosomes. Linear regression analyses were employed to establish the extent to which the circulating individual miRs, exosomes and exosomal cardiac @entity696 correlated with @entity6949 . Cardiac-expressed miRs and the nanoparticle number increased in the plasma on completion of surgery for up to 48 hours. The exosomal concentration of cardiac miRs also increased after CABG. Cardiac miRs in the whole plasma did not correlate significantly with @entity6949 . By contrast @entity6949 was positively correlated with the plasma exosome level and the exosomal cardiac miRs. CONCLUSIONS: The plasma concentrations of exosomes and their cargo of cardiac miRs increased in @entity1 undergoing CABG and were positively correlated with hs-cTnI. These data provide evidence that CABG induces the trafficking of exosomes from the heart to the peripheral circulation. Future studies are necessary to investigate the potential of circulating exosomes as clinical biomarkers in cardiac @entity1 .

title: Coronary Artery-Bypass-Graft Surgery Increases the Plasma Concentration of Exosomes Carrying a Cargo of Cardiac MicroRNAs: An Example of Exosome Trafficking Out of the XXXX Heart with Potential for Cardiac Biomarker Discovery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 1983, 817 @entity1 with @entity43 were seen at M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center. Within this population, we identified those @entity1 with normal-sized ovaries (4 cm or less in maximum diameter) and those with papillary serous histology, @entity5 . The 74 @entity1 so identified were classified as having @entity1377 of the peritoneum, and form the basis of this report. The average age at diagnosis was 57.4 years. The majority of the @entity1 (90.5%) were white. Common presenting symptoms included @entity490 (54.9%) and abdominal distention (51.5%). In 89.1% of @entity1 , disease involved the omentum. Clinical response to chemotherapy was seen in 63.6% of the @entity1 ; 40.9% of them had partial responses and 22.7% complete responses. At second-look laparotomy, 27.3% of 33 @entity1 demonstrated a surgical complete response, 21.2% had microscopically positive disease only, and 51.1% had grossly positive disease. The median survival for the total group was 24.0 months. Neither @entity1 age nor presence of @entity66 after cytoreduction predicted survival. @entity1 treated with combination chemotherapy fared better than @entity1 treated with single-agent regimens (29.5 versus 16.5 months; P = .01). @entity1 receiving @entity900 -containing regimens also did better (31.5 versus 19.5 months; P = .02). Among several pathologic characteristics analyzed, only the absence of mitoses predicted improved survival (76.5 versus 21.4-27.0 months; P less than or equal to .05). @entity1377 of the peritoneum, though biologically and histologically similar to @entity43 , is a distinct clinicopathologic entity not uncommonly encountered by the gynecologist.

title: XXXX of the peritoneum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma', 'Papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'serous ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['exclusive of borderline tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['Papillary serous carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate @entity1 perceptions of subcutaneous denosumab or oral @entity561 in postmenopausal @entity1 with or at risk for @entity170 and how these perceptions influence adherence. METHODS: Postmenopausal @entity1 with low bone mass were randomized to denosumab 60 mg every 6 months for 1 year (treatment period 1 [ @entity22154 ]) followed by @entity561 70 mg once weekly for 1 year (treatment @entity5394 [ @entity26565 ]), or vice versa. Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire data were collected at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months; a @entity4998 ( @entity4998 ) was calculated for each time point. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the influences of baseline characteristics on nonadherence. RESULTS: @entity1 included 250 @entity1 ( @entity561 /denosumab, n = 124; denosumab/ @entity561 , n = 126). During @entity22154 , the @entity4998 at month 6 was higher with denosumab than with @entity561 (P = 0.0076). In @entity26565 , the @entity4998 was higher for @entity1 switched to denosumab than for @entity1 switched to @entity561 at 6 months (P = 0.0126) and 12 months (P = 0.4605). Denosumab was preferred to @entity561 regardless of treatment sequence (P < 0.0001). Covariate analysis revealed that higher @entity26565 baseline necessity scores were associated with lower odds of nonadherence (P = 0.0055), whereas higher concerns about medication scores were associated with higher odds of nonadherence (P = 0.0247). Higher @entity4998 scores were also associated with lower odds of nonadherence (P = 0.0015). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 preferred denosumab to @entity561 while on treatment and had more positive perceptions of denosumab than @entity561 . These perceptions were associated with better adherence.

title: Influence of XXXX perceptions and preferences for @entity170 medication on adherence behavior in the Denosumab Adherence Preference Satisfaction study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['NCD', 'necessity-concerns differential']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that the decrease in @entity9009 ( @entity9009 ) incidence after @entity583 is related to the improvement of reperfusion strategies. Our main objective was to explore the influence of therapeutic management changes on post-infarct @entity9009 @entity1 outcomes in a single reference center over a period of 30 years. We analyzed therapeutic management strategies and mortality rates in 228 @entity1 with @entity9009 after @entity583 admitted from 1981 to 2010. @entity1 were classified in 3 successive decades. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity9009 at admission among those decades. Overall, surgery was performed in 159 @entity1 (71.9%), primary transcatheter @entity9009 closure was attempted in 5 @entity1 (2.2%), and 64 @entity1 (27.6%) were managed medically. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were @entity9009 surgical repair (odds ratio [OR] 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1 to 0.7, p = 0.008), @entity1455 (OR 6.06, 95% CI 2.8 to 13.1, p <0.0001), and Killip class on admission (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.1 to 9.9, p = 0.02). We found a significant 1-year mortality reduction between the first and second decades (hazard ratio 0.48, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.80; p = 0.005), with no significant change in the last decade (p = 0.2). This change was related to a systematic referral to surgical repair and shorter delays to @entity9009 surgery (5.2    6.3 vs 1.9    3.2 days from first to second decade; p = 0.012). In conclusion, surgical repair remains the only significant efficient therapy to reduce mortality in @entity1 with @entity9009 (p <10(-3)). In-hospital prognosis remains disappointing. This contrasts with the favorable long-term outcome of @entity1 who survive the perioperative period and are discharged from hospital.

title: Therapeutic management changes and mortality rates over 30 years in XXXX complicating @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['VSR', 'ventricular septal rupture']

answer: @entity9009 :: (MESH:D018658,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of chemotherapy may be affected by circadian rhythms. Therefore, we tested chronomodulated infusion (administered to coincide with relevant circadian rhythms) of @entity901 , @entity1487 , and @entity4181 compared with a constant-rate infusion method. The combination of three drugs was delivered for 5-day courses with 16-day intervals. METHODS: We expected chronotherapy to increase objective response rate by 20% compared with constant-rate infusion. We tested this effect in a randomised multicentre trial involving @entity1 with previously untreated metastases from @entity14 who were enrolled at nine institutions in three countries. 93 @entity1 were assigned chronotherapy and 93 were assigned constant-rate infusion via multichannel programmable ambulatory pumps. The trial was interrupted when a significant difference in main outcome was reached. All data were analysed by intention to treat. FINDINGS: On enrollment, we found significant imbalances in two characteristics-abdominal gland or bone metastases (constant-rate infusion two @entity1 , chronotherapy ten @entity1 ) and relapse from surgically treated metastases (constant-rate infusion seven @entity1 , chronotherapy 22 @entity1 ). An objective response was obtained in 47 (51%) of the chronotherapy group, and in 27 (29%) of the constant-rate group (difference 21.5% [95% CI 13.7-31.2], p = 0.003). Chronotherapy reduced five-fold the rate of severe mucosal @entity137 (14% vs 76%, p < 0.0001) and halved that of functional impairment from @entity1897 (16% vs 31%, difference 15.0% [9.5-25.7], p < 0.01). Median time to treatment failure was 6.4 months on chronotherapy and 4.9 months on constant-rate infusion (p = 0.006), and 24% of the @entity1 from the constant-rate infusion group received chronotherapy after failure. With a minimum follow-up of 3 years, median survival times and 3-year survival were similar in both groups (15.9 vs 16.9 months and 22% vs 21%, respectively). INTERPRETATION: Chronotherapy was significantly less toxic and more effective than constant-rate infusion. The results support the concept of temporal selectivity of @entity5 chemotherapy.

title: Randomised multicentre trial of chronotherapy with @entity901 , @entity1487 , and XXXX in metastatic @entity14 . International Organization for Cancer Chronotherapy.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral sensitive neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['folinic acid']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1397 pretreatment is recommended for @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) and stable @entity453 who are scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but whether using @entity1397 as a pretreatment for PCI is associated with positive clinical outcomes has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of @entity1397 pretreatment vs no treatment with mortality and major @entity548 after PCI. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases, and reference lists of qualifying articles. STUDY SELECTION Studies reporting clinical data on mortality and major @entity548 were included. Of the 392 titles identified, 15 articles published between August 2001 and September 2012 met the inclusion criteria: 6 @entity23 ( @entity23 ), 2 observational analyses of @entity23 , and 7 observational studies. DATA EXTRACTION: Quality of studies was assessed with the Ottawa Scale and the Jadad Score as appropriate. Results were independently extracted by 2 reviewers. A random-effect model was applied. Pretreatment was defined as the administration of @entity1397 before PCI or catheterization. The main analysis was performed on @entity23 and confirmed by observational analyses and observational studies. Prespecified subgroups--clinical presentation and @entity1397 loading dose--were analyzed. The primary efficacy and safety end points were all-cause mortality and major @entity548 . Secondary end points included major @entity299 . RESULTS: Of the 37 814 @entity1 included in the meta-analysis, 8608 @entity1 had participated in @entity23 ; 10,945, in observational analyses of @entity23 ; and 18,261, in observational studies. Analysis of @entity23 showed that @entity1397 pretreatment was not associated with a @entity204 (absolute risk, 1.54% vs 1.97%; OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.57-1.11; P = .17) but was associated with a lower risk of major @entity299 (9.83% vs 12.35%; OR, 0 .77; 95% CI, 0.66-0.89; P < .001). There was no significant association between pretreatment and major @entity548 overall (3 .57% vs 3.08%; OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.93-1.50; P = .18). Analyses from observational analyses of @entity23 and observational studies were consistent for all results. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 scheduled for PCI, @entity1397 pretreatment was not associated with a lower risk of mortality but was associated with a lower risk of major coronary events.

title: Association of @entity1397 pretreatment with mortality, cardiovascular events, and major @entity548 among XXXX undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The clinical signs and symptoms of the @entity1 are the background for further examination procedures. A dysfunction of the thyroid gland can be safely excluded when the TSH level is within the normal range. A @entity1378 can be proven when TSH is suppressed and T3 and T4 levels, respectively, are elevated. However, the concentrations of T3, T4 (inclusive free T3 and free T4) and TSH are not only dependent on the thyroid status, but also on various extrathyroidal influences. Therefore awareness of accompanying diseases and of medications is necessary in order to avoid errors of interpretation. Different forms of @entity1378 have to be distinguished. The differentiation between @entity2743 and the functional autonomy ( @entity137 ) is of practical importance. Several methods--apart from precise clinical examination--are helpful. When @entity2743 is suspected @entity5787 -antibodies should be measured and an ultrasound obtained. When an autonomy is suspected, a szintigraphy as well as ultrasound should be undertaken. The laboratory methods are of high precision and sensitivity. There use is dependent on the clinical diagnostic problem, which also determines the extend and expenditure of the diagnostic procedures. These considerations are necessary also for economical reasons.

title: [Diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5787 :: ('7173', 'Gene') :: ['TSH-receptor- and TPO']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity417 is a common health problem in the developing world. This condition is characterized by a reduction in erythrocyte density, primarily from @entity3147 and/or @entity166 such as @entity311 . As red blood cells are the primary source of protein for haematophagous mosquitoes, any reduction could impede the ability of mosquito vectors to transmit @entity311 by influencing their fitness or that of the parasites they transmit. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of differences in the density of red blood cells in @entity1 blood on @entity311 vector ( @entity313 ) fitness. The hypotheses tested are that mosquito vector energetic reserves and fitness are negatively influenced by reductions in the red cell density of host @entity1 blood meals commensurate with those expected from severe @entity417 . METHODS: Mosquitoes (An. gambiae s.s.) were offered blood meals of different packed cell volume ( @entity1485 ) of @entity1 blood consistent with those arising from severe @entity417 (15%) and normal @entity1485 (50%). Associations between mosquito energetic reserves (lipid, @entity413 and glycogen) and fitness measures (reproduction and survival) and blood meal @entity1485 were investigated. RESULTS: The amount of protein that @entity311 vectors acquired from blood feeding (indexed by haematin excretion) was significantly reduced at low blood @entity1485 . However, mosquitoes feeding on blood of low @entity1485 had the same oviposition rates as those feeding on blood of normal @entity1485 , and showed an increase in egg production of around 15%. The long-term survival of An. gambiae s.s was reduced after feeding on low @entity1485 blood, but @entity1485 had no significant impact on the proportion of mosquitoes surviving through the minimal period required to develop and transmit @entity311 parasites (estimated as 14 days post-blood feeding). The impact of blood @entity1485 on the energetic reserves of mosquitoes was relatively minor. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that feeding on @entity1 hosts whose @entity1485 has been depleted due to severe @entity417 does not significantly reduce the fitness or transmission potential of @entity311 vectors, and indicates that mosquitoes may be able exploit resources for reproduction more efficiently from blood of low rather than normal @entity1485 .

title: The impact of low erythrocyte density in XXXX blood on the fitness and energetic reserves of the African @entity311 vector @entity313 .

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'Anaemia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To examine whether changes in glycaemic control are related to the left ventricular function, in a group of type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: We included 19 consecutive type 1 @entity6 @entity1 selected for insulin pump therapy due to poor metabolic control. The outcome measures were HbA1c and systolic left ventricular strain rate as measured by Tissue Doppler echocardiography. Mean follow-up period was 45 days (range 35-50). All @entity1 included had an ejection fraction>55%. None had cardiac symptoms. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 40 years (range 22-65). Following initiation of insulin-pump therapy, the mean HbA1c improved significantly from 8.6+/-1.4% to 7.6+/-1.1% (p<0.01). The mean strain rate of 16 @entity296 also improved significantly, from -1.58+/-0.30 s-1 to -1.80+/-0.4 s-1 (p<0.01). In addition, there was a significant correlation between the changes in left ventricular function and the changes in HbA1c (delta-Strain rate vs. delta-HbA1c: r=0.49, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Changes in glycaemic control resulting from insulin pump therapy seem significantly related to the systolic function of the left ventricle.

title: Changes in glycaemic control are related to the systolic function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial segments']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: In order to use appropriately NAT and explore possibility of use of the test in @entity1 cells, the authors used gamma-rays as mutagenic and carcinogenic irradiated whole blood in vitro, prepared directly smears of isolated lymphocytes, and studied comparatively dose-response relationship of 4 types of nuclear damage. Main results of the study are given as follows: 1. In doses from 0 to 3 Grays @entity23980 (Frequency of micronucleus), INF (Frequency of irregular nucleus), KNF (Frequency of karyorrhetic nucleus), and PNF (Frequency of pyknotic nucleus) increase along with increase of irradiated doses. At 5 grays INF still increases, but @entity23980 . In doses from 0 to 3 grays regression equation of 4 indices of nuclear damage are as follows (D means dose, r means correlative coefficient): @entity23980 : y = 0.3433 + 0.1052D, r = 0.9128, p less than 0.05; INF: y = 7.2178 + 2.1817D, r = 0.8846, p less than 0.05; KNF: y = 0.6462 + 0.2014D, r = 0.7286, p greater than 0.05; PNF: y = 0.2774 + 0.0728D, r = 0.5484, p greater than 0.05. 3. In doses from 0 to 3 grays @entity23980 is linear with INF and KNF. Regression equation are as follows (x means @entity23980 ): @entity23980 -INF: y = 2.0598 + 16.6545x, r = 0.778 p greater than 0.05; @entity23980 -KNF: y = 0.2235 + 1.426x, r = 0.5945, p greater than 0.05. Finally according to synthetic analysis of correlative coefficient, intercept, regression coefficient and feasibility of indices of nuclear damage, we could consider it suitable that nuclear anomalies in @entity1 peripheral lymphocytes include micronucleus, irregular nucleus and karyorrhexis.

title: [Comparative studies on several indices of nuclear damage in XXXX peripheral lymphocytes].

entities_list: @entity23980 :: ('221937', 'Gene') :: ['MNF, KNF and PNF decrease. 2', 'MNF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2520 has been associated with an increased risk of @entity600 and low birth weight. We studied the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on @entity600 . METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity1 between 13 and 17 weeks of gestation to undergo scaling and root planing either before 21 weeks (413 @entity1 in the treatment group) or after delivery (410 @entity1 in the control group). @entity1 in the treatment group also underwent monthly tooth polishing and received instruction in oral hygiene. The gestational age at the end of pregnancy was the prespecified primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were birth weight and the proportion of @entity1 who were small for gestational age. RESULTS: In the follow-up analysis, @entity600 (before 37 weeks of gestation) occurred in 49 of 407 @entity1 (12.0%) in the treatment group (resulting in 44 live births) and in 52 of 405 @entity1 (12.8%) in the control group (resulting in 38 live births). Although periodontal treatment improved @entity2521 measures (P<0.001), it did not significantly alter the risk of @entity3152 (P=0.70; hazard ratio for treatment group vs. control group, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 1.37). There were no significant differences between the treatment and control groups in birth weight (3239 g vs. 3258 g, P=0.64) or in the rate of delivery of @entity1 that were small for gestational age (12.7% vs. 12.3%; odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.58). There were 5 spontaneous @entity5852 or @entity2209 in the treatment group, as compared with 14 in the control group (P=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity2521 in pregnant @entity1 improves @entity2520 and is safe but does not significantly alter rates of @entity600 , low birth weight, or fetal growth restriction. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00066131 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).

title: Treatment of @entity2520 and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortions']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'Maternal periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: @entity11160 ( @entity11160 ; @entity19277 176200) is characterized by a partial defect in the activity of @entity20179 ( @entity20179 ), the seventh enzyme of the @entity7170 - @entity1446 biosynthetic pathway. The disease is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait displaying incomplete penetrance. In an effort to characterize the spectrum of molecular defects in @entity11160 , we identified 3 distinct mutations in 6 @entity11160 families from Chile by PCR, heteroduplex analysis, automated sequencing, restriction enzyme digestion and haplotyping analysis. The mutations consisted of 2 deletions and 1 missense mutation, designated @entity43528 , @entity43529 and @entity43530 . The occurrence of the missense mutation @entity43530 had been reported previously in American, German and Dutch @entity11160 families, suggesting that this may represent a frequent recurrent mutation. Interestingly, the mutation @entity43528 was found in @entity1 from 4 unrelated families living in different parts of Chile, suggesting that it might represent a common mutation in Chile. Haplotype analysis using 15 microsatellite markers which closely flank the @entity20179 gene on chromosome 1q22, spanning approximately 21 cM, revealed the presence of @entity43530 on different haplotypes in 6 @entity11160 @entity1 from 3 unrelated families. In contrast, we found the occurrence of @entity43528 on the same chromosome 1 haplotype in 11 mutation carriers from 4 unrelated families with @entity11160 . These findings are consistent with @entity43530 representing a hotspot mutation and @entity43528 existing as a founder mutation in the @entity20179 gene. Our data comprise the first genetic studies of the @entity6050 in South America and will streamline the elucidation of the @entity74 in @entity11160 @entity1 from Chile by allowing an initial screening for the founder mutation @entity43528 .

title: Identification of a founder mutation in the @entity20179 gene in variegate XXXX @entity1 from chile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity20179 :: ('5498', 'Gene') :: ['PPO', 'protoporphyrinogen oxidase']

entities_list: @entity43528 :: ('c|DEL|1239|TACAC', 'DNAMutation') :: ['1239delTACAC']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity11160 :: ('MESH:D046350', 'Disease') :: ['VP', 'Variegate porphyria']

entities_list: @entity6050 :: ('MESH:D011164', 'Disease') :: ['porphyrias']

answer: @entity6050 :: (MESH:D011164,Disease) :: ['porphyria']


abstract: @entity9488 have been linked to type 1 @entity6 in several studies. Enteroviruses also have tropism to pancreatic islets and can cause b-cell damage in experimental models. Viral persistence has been suspected to be an important pathogenetic factor. This study evaluates whether gut mucosa is a reservoir for enterovirus persistence in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . Small-bowel mucosal biopsy samples from 39 type 1 @entity6 @entity1 , 41 control subjects, and 40 @entity1593 @entity1 were analyzed for the presence of enterovirus using in situ hybridization (ISH), RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. The presence of virus was compared with inflammatory markers such as infiltrating T cells, HLA-DR expression, and @entity8265 -targeted IgA deposits. Enterovirus RNA was found in @entity6 @entity1 more frequently than in control subjects and was associated with a clear @entity32 response in the gut mucosa. Viral RNA was often detected in the absence of viral protein, suggesting defective replication of the virus. @entity1 remained virus positive in follow-up samples taken after 12 months' observation. The results suggest that a large proportion of type 1 @entity6 @entity1 have prolonged/persistent @entity9488 associated with an @entity32 process in gut mucosa. This finding opens new opportunities for studying the viral etiology of type 1 @entity6 .

title: Type 1 XXXX is associated with @entity9488 in gut mucosa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9488 :: ('MESH:D004769', 'Disease') :: ['enterovirus infection', 'Enterovirus infections']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['transglutaminase 2']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity1 with metastatic @entity43 from extragenital primary sites. METHODS: The medical records of 75 @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively for age at diagnosis, presenting symptoms, preoperative @entity5 marker levels, preoperative diagnostic workup, operative technique, intraoperative evaluation, frozen-section and pathology results, laterality of @entity3 , and @entity5 site. The specific impact of @entity3 from colorectal and gastric primary sites on laterality, gross features and dimensions of ovarian mass, volume of ascites and @entity5 marker levels was investigated. RESULTS: Primary sites were stomach (37.3%), colorectal region (28%), @entity706 (12%), breast (6.7%), biliary system (2.7%), appendix (1.3%) and small intestine (1.3%). It was not possible to identify the @entity5 site in 8 (10.7%) @entity1 . Bilateral @entity3 was found in 86.4% @entity1 ; 42.7% of the metastatic @entity43 were @entity13305 ; 50.7% of the ovarian masses were solid. Frozen section was confirmed by postoperative pathological results in 98% of the @entity1 . The mean preoperative serum levels of @entity5 markers were 298.7 U/mL, 178 U/mL and 113.3 U/mL for @entity39188 , respectively. @entity10224 levels were above 35 U/mL in 81.3% of the @entity1 . The presence of ascites was more frequent in @entity43 originating from colorectal and gastric primaries. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery is essential for the diagnosis of the @entity5 and necessary for relief of symptoms. The identification of the primary site is required to plan adequate treatment.

title: Analysis of metastatic XXXX from extragenital primary sites.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity13305 :: ('MESH:D007725', 'Disease') :: ['Krukenberg tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: The causes and short-term prognoses of neonatal @entity410 in @entity1 less than four weeks of age were studied in 77 full-term @entity1 born in Stockholm in 1970--1976. In half of the @entity1 (48%), @entity519 was considered to be the probable main etiology, while infection and @entity209 including @entity4053 and @entity3747 were the next commonest cause, 12% for each condition. The etiology was unknown in 29% of the @entity1 although 15 of those 22 included in this group had other additional diagnoses. The total mortality was 13%. At one year of age, 19 of the surviving 64 @entity1 (30%) had severe @entity1155 . Of 11 @entity1 with normal mental development at 12 months of age 6 had @entity306 and 5 @entity302 . Thirty-four (53%) of the @entity1 still had no signs of sequelae. The poorest prognosis was found in the group with @entity519 as the main probable etiology. The incidence of neonatal @entity410 was 1.5 per 1 000 full-ferm deliveries. In a similar study from Gothenburg which was performed 10 years earlier the incidence was 3.7 per 1 000. Corresponding figures for perinatal mortality rate were 13.5 and 23.8.

title: Neonatal XXXX . Incidence and causes in the Stockholm area.

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['convulsions']


abstract: Two hundred and twenty-two @entity1 presented with clinical suspicion of an @entity6177 . Abscesses tend to locate in the perihepatic spaces or the pelvis, and these areas can easily be examined by ultrasound, using the liver or the urinary bladder as acoustic windows. Thirty-eight of 42 abdominal abscesses, and 32 of 33 pelvic abscesses were correctly diagnosed and located by ultrasound, giving a sensitivity of 93.3%. Of the 145 @entity1 without abscesses, 143 were correctly excluded, giving a specificity of 98.6%. Thirty of these @entity1 also underwent @entity2719 67 examination. This detected all 7 true negatives and all 10 abscesses, 1 of which was missed by ultrasound. Of the remaining 13 @entity1 with positive @entity2719 results, 10 had nonspecific uptake in diffuse inflammatory conditions, and 3 were false positives with uptake in bowel or in a surgical wound. In those @entity1 with nonspecific @entity2719 uptake, ultrasound was valuable in documenting the absence of an @entity733 . Conversely, @entity2719 detected a left @entity3117 missed by ultrasound. For reasons of economy, speed, and high sensitivity, we believe that ultrasound should be the initial screening procedure for @entity1 with clinical suspicion of @entity6177 . @entity2719 should be reserved for @entity1 with equivocal ultrasound results of those with septic foci not revealed by ultrasound.

title: Ultrasound and XXXX for the diagnosis of abdominal and pelvic abscesses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3117 :: ('MESH:D013369', 'Disease') :: ['subphrenic abscess']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal or pelvic abscess']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess cavity']

entities_list: @entity2719 :: ('MESH:D005708', 'Chemical') :: ['Gallium', 'gallium']

answer: @entity2719 :: (MESH:D005708,Chemical) :: ['gallium']


abstract: Decreased @entity79 ( @entity79 ) has been reported in @entity1 with @entity1593 in association with @entity3528 . The present study investigated whether basal @entity461 ( @entity461 ) remained elevated and whether abnormalities of parathyroid function were still present in @entity1593 @entity1 treated with a gluten-free diet. Basal seric measurements of @entity460 and @entity1391 homeostasis and @entity79 were obtained in 17 biopsy-proven @entity1 under treatment for a mean period of 5.7+/-3.7 years (range 1.1 to 15.9). In addition, parathyroid function was studied with @entity12374 and @entity4958 infusions in seven @entity1 . Basal measurements of @entity1 were compared with those of 26 normal individuals, while parathyroid function results were compared with those of seven sex- and age-matched controls. Basal results were similar in @entity1 and controls except for intact @entity461 (I- @entity461 ) (3.77+/-0.88 pmol/L versus 2.28+/-0.63 pmol/L, P<0.001), which was higher in the former group but still within normal limits. Mean @entity14257 and @entity10692 values were normal in @entity1 . Parathyroid function results were also found to be similar in both groups. Compared with a reference population of the same age (Z score), @entity1 had significantly lower BMDs of the hip (-0.60+/-0.96 SDs, P<0.05) and lumbar spine (-0.76+/-1.15 SDs, P<0.05). T scores were also decreased for the hip (-1.3+/-0.9 SDs, P<0.0001) and lumbar spine (-1.4+/-1.35 SDs, P<0.0001), with two to three @entity1 being @entity3604 (T score less than -2.5 SDs) and seven to eight @entity6092 (T score less than -1 SDs but greater than or equal to -2.5 SDs) in at least one site. Height and weight were the only important determinants of @entity79 values by multivariate or logistical regression analysis in these @entity1 . The results show higher basal I- @entity461 values with normal parathyroid function in treated @entity1593 . Height and weight values are, but I- @entity461 values are not, an important determinant of the actual bone mass of @entity1 . Normal parathyroid function in treated @entity1 suggests a lack of previous severe @entity3528 and/or complete adaptation to prior changes in parathyroid function.

title: Normal parathyroid function with decreased @entity79 in treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity4958 :: ('MESH:C102006', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity10692 :: ('MESH:C097949', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxy vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Based on the medical records and follow-up records of hospitalized @entity1 who received anti- @entity378 therapy in the Third @entity1 's Hospital of Zhenjiang in Jiangsu province from 2006 to 2012, we investigated the incidence and outcome of anti- @entity378 drug induced hepatotoxicity(ATDH)and provided evidence for the prevention of ATDH. METHODS: According to @entity378 @entity1 ' medical information and liver function test records, ATDH @entity1 were diagnosed according to the criteria of International Consensus Meeting and American @entity1514 Society respectively, then the related factors and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 1 967 hospitalized @entity378 @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively, in which 1 403(71.3%)were @entity1 , 1 790(91.0%)were @entity1907 @entity1 , 1 528(77.8%)were @entity1 receiving initiative treatment, 979(49.8%)were sputum smear-positive @entity1 , and 1 297(65.9%)had other complicated diseases. According to the criterion of International Consensus Meeting, the incidence of ATDH was 16.5%, the median time of onset was 25 days. According to the criterion of American @entity1514 Society, the incidence of ATDH was 8.3%, the median time of onset was 23 days. The incidence of ATDH was significantly higher in males and HRZE therapy group(P<0.05). Under the two liver criteria, 69.5% and 70.1% of the @entity1 changed primary therapy respectively after ATDH occurred. 89.8% and 88.4% @entity1 ' liver function returned to normal range after changing or stopping therapy. CONCLUSION: According to two @entity99 criteria, the incidences of ATDH were 16.5% and 8.3% in hospitalized @entity378 @entity1 respectively, and ATDH mainly occurred in the first month of anti- @entity378 treatment. The monitoring of liver function should be strengthened in males and HRZE therapy group to reduce the incidence of ATDH.

title: [Incidence and outcome of anti- @entity378 drug-induced hepatotoxicity in XXXX inpatients].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: The cardiologic evaluation of @entity1 with @entity1779 should be aimed at: (1) identifying potential cardiac sources for @entity999 , (2) detecting a coexisting @entity299 , even asymptomatic. The present data concerns a ten-year experience of a systematic cardiologic evaluation of @entity1 admitted to the 1st Division of Neurosurgery, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy, for @entity1779 . A two-dimensional echocardiography was carried out in 344 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 53 years), @entity299 were observed in 92 (28%) out of the 328 cases with technically adequate examination, @entity75 in 57 (17%). In 18 cases the @entity299 was unknown before the cerebral event. An exercise ECG testing was carried out in 322 @entity1 (mean age 56 years), resulting in abnormal in 69 out of the 258 with adequate examination (17%). A subsequent exercise 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy confirmed the presence of @entity299 in 58 cases. Among @entity1 unable to perform an adequate exercise, a dipyridamole 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy was performed in 38 cases showing perfusional defects in 23 (60%), while a dipyridamole echocardiography was performed in 25 cases showing wall motion abnormalities in 9 (36%). A 24-h Holter monitoring was performed in 65 cases: @entity943 were detected in 27 @entity1 (41%), but a correlation with the cerebral event was suggested only in 3 cases with @entity955 . According to our experience @entity1 with recent ischaemia should be submitted to the following non-invasive cardiologic screening: (1) exercise ECG testing followed, if abnormal or indeterminant, by 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy in all @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Heart-brain interactions in XXXX : a non-invasive cardiologic study protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['embologenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral emboli']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesion', 'cardiac abnormalities', 'ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischaemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the relation between growth factors, growth-factor receptors, @entity876 , @entity588 and @entity589 expression, and the rate of apoptosis in invasive @entity0 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumors from 45 @entity1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry for expression patterns of five growth factors and their receptors; @entity6005 ( @entity6005 ) and PDGF-receptor alpha (PDGFalphaR), PDGF-BB and PDGFbetaR, transforming growth-factor alpha (TGFalpha) and its @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and its receptors @entity7 receptor I ( @entity6758 ) and @entity7 receptor II ( @entity319 / @entity319 ), two growth-inhibiting factors; transforming-growth factor beta I ( @entity2533 ) and @entity6474 and their receptor couple TGFbeta receptor I (TGFbetaR-I) and TGFbetaR-II, and @entity540 ( @entity540 ). Besides, the expression patterns of the @entity588 , @entity589 and @entity876 gene products were investigated. Expression patterns were correlated to the number of apoptotic cells assessed by light microscopy. RESULTS: PDGF-BB and @entity540 showed a positive correlation with the AI (p = 0.006 and p = 0.030, respectively). @entity470 expression was associated with a high number of apoptotic cells but did not reach significance (p = 0.10). None of the other individual growth factors, growth-inhibiting factors or receptors showed a significant relation with the AI. The presence of a possible auto- or paracrine loop of the TGFalpha/ @entity470 combination was associated with a high number of apoptotic cells but did not reach significance (p = 0.20). @entity6005 , @entity540 and @entity470 expression showed a significant relation to @entity876 overexpression. @entity6474 expression showed an inverse correlation with @entity876 overexpression. CONCLUSION: We found an association between several growth factors and growth-factor receptors with number of apoptotic cells. This underlines the importance of growth factors and their receptors not just in proliferation, but also, directly and/or indirectly, in regulating the rate of apoptosis in invasive @entity0 . Growth factors and their receptors may therefore be useful as targets of anti- @entity5 therapy by inducing apoptosis or increasing the sensitivity of cells for chemo- or hormonal therapy induced apoptosis.

title: Expression of growth factors, growth factor receptors and apoptosis related proteins in invasive XXXX : relation to apoptotic rate.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6005 :: ('5154', 'Gene') :: ['platelet-derived growth factor A chain', 'PDGF-AA']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['receptor-epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular-endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['basic-fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: 1. The repetitive application of @entity1286 gradually induced a @entity1159 in the isolated @entity840 ileum. 2. The optimum conditions for induction of the @entity1159 were as follows: the concentration, incubation time and washout time of @entity1286 were 1 or 10 microM, 2 and 3 min, respectively. 3. Preincubation with @entity1510 or @entity4524 blocked this @entity1286 -induced @entity1159 . 4. Among twitch-inhibiting drugs, only @entity1338 induced a @entity1159 similar to that induced by @entity1286 , while @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) and @entity859 did not. 5. The @entity1159 was also observed in the longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations. 6. These findings indicate that @entity1286 has a dual inhibitory and excitatory action on the @entity840 ileum and that its repetitive application preferentially diminish the inhibitory one.

title: Contractile response of XXXX ileum by repetitive application of @entity1286 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that an increased incidence of @entity955 occurs in @entity1 undergoing single-chamber ventricular pacing (VVI) when compared with those undergoing single-chamber atrial pacing (AAI) or those having dual-chamber atrioventricular pacing ( @entity3603 ). The mechanism for this is unknown. We hypothesized that long-term loss of @entity713 leads to atrial electrical remodeling: a potential explanation for this difference. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was a prospective, randomized comparison between 18 @entity1 paced in VVI mode and 12 @entity1 paced in @entity3603 mode for 3 months. Under autonomic blockade, effective refractory periods (ERPs) from the lateral @entity13678 ( @entity13678 ), @entity13678 appendage, @entity13678 septum, and coronary sinus-corrected sinus node recovery times (cSNRTs), as well as @entity2729 ( @entity2729 ), and biatrial diameters were measured at baseline and 3 months. The VVI group was then programmed to @entity3603 pacing and reevaluated after a further 3 months. After long-term VVI pacing, ERPs at all 4 atrial sites increased significantly in a nonuniform fashion in association with @entity384 . @entity2729 and cSNRTs also prolonged significantly. With the reestablishment of AV synchrony, ERPs, @entity2729 , cSNRTs, and biatrial dimensions returned to baseline levels. In the 12 @entity1 who underwent long-term @entity3603 pacing from baseline, no significant changes in atrial electrophysiology or biatrial dimensions were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term loss of AV synchrony induced by VVI pacing is associated with atrial electrical remodeling, which is reversible after the reestablishment of AV synchrony with @entity3603 pacing. This process may be partly responsible for the higher incidence of @entity955 in @entity1 undergoing VVI pacing compared with AV sequential pacing.

title: Electrical remodeling of the atria following loss of @entity713 : a long-term study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['right atrium', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular (AV) synchrony']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['biatrial dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2729 :: ('MESH:C537241', 'Disease') :: ['P-wave duration', 'PWD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) constitute a major cellular component of @entity1069 . @entity9976 tension plays an important role in urethral obstruction secondary to @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). We have developed an in vitro procedure for the propagation of @entity1 prostatic SMCs. Tissue specimens from @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy or cystectomy were enzymatically disaggregated and cultured in MCDB-131 medium supplemented with horse serum, insulin, conditioned medium from the @entity5 cell line CRL-5813, and @entity134 hormones. The medium was assembled on the basis of the effects these supplements have on the growth of @entity9976 cultures and on the expression of the two markers desmin and smooth muscle myosin. Addition of 0.1 microM of @entity53 to the growth medium dramatically increased expression of these @entity9976 -specific markers. @entity586 ( @entity587 ) and @entity701 had a similar, albeit less pronounced effect. At three to five passages, about two thirds of the cells were immunohistologically positive for smooth muscle myosin or desmin. Almost all cells were positive for the myofibroblast marker smooth muscle alpha-actin throughout 10 passages and more. In @entity9976 cultures, cells staining for smooth muscle myosin and desmin were found to seek direct contact to myofibroblasts. They grew in aggregates on a layer of myofibroblasts which adhered to the surface of the culture vessel. As revealed by transmission electron microscopy the cultured cells exhibited morphological features of myofibroblasts. Characteristics of smooth muscle cells, such as prominent bundles of microfilaments associated with dense bodies, basal laminae investing the cells, and numerous caveolae at the cell surfaces were regularly observed in cultures of low passages. After several passages, these features were markedly decreased and organelles of the biosynthetic system became more prominent. In summary, we present an in vitro model of prostatic SMCs and demonstrate that @entity134 hormones have characteristic effects on these cells. @entity9976 cultures are expected to facilitate investigation of the functions and properties of @entity1 prostatic SMCs.

title: XXXX prostatic smooth muscle cells in culture: @entity53 enhances expression of smooth muscle cell-specific markers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic stroma']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Eleven consecutive @entity1 with recurrent @entity943 were treated by an aggressive protocol and followed up prospectively. @entity943 , symptoms, and @entity299 were defined. Antiarrhythmic drugs were given on schedule, with blood levels determining dose; success or failure was defined by elimination or recurrence of symptomatic @entity943 . When drug therapy failed, left ventricular aneurysmectomy was done when appropriate. Recurrent @entity1165 was most frequently responsible for symptoms; @entity453 was the most frequent underlying disease. Symptomatic @entity943 were eliminated in 8 of 11 @entity1 (5 with drugs and 3 with aneurysmectomies), with a 16.5-month symptom-free average follow-up. An average of 2.9 therapeutic trials per @entity1 was needed to control symptomatic @entity943 . The average time from entry into the study until the start of ultimately effective therapy was 18 days. Therapy that eliminated symptoms did not eliminate all @entity1540 , and occasionally even brief asymptomatic episodes of @entity1165 persisted. Recurrent symptomatic @entity943 can be controlled in many @entity1 by rigorous application of current therapies.

title: Treatment of recurrent symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'Arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Six @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity8 presented with @entity177 of unknown origin; in none was the diagnosis of @entity370 initially considered. The serum @entity1011 concentration at the time of presentation ranged from 265 to 1380 mumol/l (3.0 to 15.6 mg/dl), with a mean of 787 mumol/l (8.9 mg/dl). Although only two @entity1 were hypercalcemic at the time of presentation, the 24-hour urinary excretion of @entity460 was increased in three of the four @entity1 in whom it was measured, and @entity1290 were present in one case. Renal biopsy revealed @entity1986 and @entity194 in all cases, as well as @entity11604 in three cases and noncaseating @entity738 negative for acid-fast bacilli in four cases. In each @entity1 @entity134 therapy led to a rapid improvement in renal function (mean post-treatment serum @entity1011 level 274 mumol/l [3.1 mg/dl]). The follow-up period ranged from 8 months to 8 years (mean 3.0 years). In three @entity1 renal function remained stable with low-dose @entity134 therapy. In two cases recurrent @entity2741 and deteriorating renal function accompanied @entity134 withdrawal but resolved with its reinstitution. In one additional case reversible deterioration in renal function accompanied tapering of the @entity134 dose; however, there was no @entity2741 .This report emphasizes the importance of considering @entity370 in the differential diagnosis of @entity810 of unknown origin. Long-term follow-up of such @entity1 is essential, as relapse is common.

title: Clinical and pathological features of six cases of @entity370 presenting with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tubular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal failure']


abstract: @entity547 develop in up to 11% of surgical abdominal wounds with a possible recurrence following repair of 44%. We describe our experience with a combined fascial and prosthetic mesh repair. Thirty-five @entity1 (16M:19F) have been treated. The original operation was bowel related in 19 cases, gynaecological in 8, hepatopancreaticobiliary in 3 @entity1 , @entity449 repair in 2 and involved a thoraco-laparotomy in 3. The incisions were midline in 26 cases, transverse in 6, paramedian in 2 and rooftop in one @entity1 . The @entity547 were considered subjectively to be large in 15, medium in 14 and small in 6 of the @entity1 . A proforma was completed for each @entity1 noting intra-operative and post-operative complications, post-operative hospital stay and analgesic requirements. Post-operative complications included @entity2080 formation in 6 @entity1 , @entity1150 in one and a non-fatal @entity1151 in another. One @entity1 developed a wound haematoma and one had a superficial wound @entity281 . Post-operative in-hospital stay ranged from 1 to 27 days with a mean of 6.2 days. Of the 35 @entity1 33 were available for follow-up. Follow-up was for a median of 20.3 months (range 6.0 to 54.1 months). Two of these (6%) @entity1 reported a persistent lump and one (3%) reported persistent @entity158 but none of the remaining 33 was found to have a recurrence. We advocate this technique because it is applicable to all @entity547 , most of the mesh is behind the rectus sheath and has 2 points of fixation, it is relatively @entity158 , has a modest complication rate and a low recurrence rate.

title: Repair of incisional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain-free allowing early mobilisation']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Incisional hernias', 'hernias']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernias']


abstract: A personal series of 1171 @entity1 with a @entity5 seen in a 27-year period from 1962 to 1988 is reported. Of these @entity1 , 763 were previously untreated and had a histologically proved @entity957 . The interaction between the host factors (age, sex and general condition) and other @entity5 factors, and the effect of the host factors on survival were analysed. The maximum age incidence was the same in the two sexes but performance status (general condition) declined with increasing age. There was no relation between age and site or histological grade of the @entity5 . However, the incidence of @entity5 increased up to the seventh decade and then declined again. Age was not a significant predictor of survival when allowance was made for @entity1 who were untreated, or who had died of intercurrent disease or a second @entity5 . @entity1 were more likely to have a @entity5 : these @entity5 presented at an earlier stage and were likely to be well differentiated, mainly because glottic T1 @entity189 is almost exclusively a @entity10552 . When individual sites are examined the crude survival for supraglottic @entity5 in @entity1 is better than that in @entity1 because of a higher death rate from other @entity5 in @entity1 . Sex had no other effect on survival. Good performance status was associated with lower T-stage but not quite significantly so. It was not associated with any other @entity5 parameters. Performance status significantly affected survival of treated @entity1 , probably indicating that general condition affects the @entity1 's ability to resist his @entity5 .

title: Prognosis in XXXX : host factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glottic tumour', 'laryngeal tumour', 'T3-T4 tumours', 'primary tumour', 'tumours', 'diseases and other tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10552 :: ('MESH:D005832', 'Disease') :: ['male disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to test a model for @entity1271 detection using a logic that allows examination of time-related changes and a progressive scale of @entity1271 state (i.e., not using specificity/sensitivity). The model produces a @entity1271 risk (MR) for individual @entity291 on a scale from 0 (completely healthy) to 1 (full-blown @entity1271 ). The main model input was @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH; mumol/min per L) x milk yield. Test data containing 253 @entity1271 cases were used. Proportional samples were collected from each @entity291 at each milking and analyzed for LDH and somatic cell count ( @entity7018 ). The basis for the health definitions was veterinary treatment records. A refinement of the @entity283 was made using systematic positive deviations in log( @entity7018 ) to indicate untreated @entity281 . Two subsets of @entity291 were identified: mastitic @entity291 and @entity291 completely free of @entity1271 (healthy controls). The time-profiles of these 2 groups in a 60-d window relative to day of veterinary treatment were examined. Model reliability throughout all stages of lactation and degrees of @entity281 was examined using @entity7018 as a continuous measure of degree of @entity1271 . The time-profile for the health controls was flat throughout the 60-d window with a median MR of 0.02. In contrast, the profile of the mastitic @entity291 increased above the control @entity291 ' baseline from about -6 d, rising to a MR value of 0.20 at d 0, and declining to the control level after treatment. There were significant differences between mastitic and healthy @entity291 from -4 to +2 d relative to veterinary treatment. When cases were time-aligned to peak of @entity281 , rather than veterinary treatment, there was a much sharper peak to the time-profile of mastitic @entity291 . The median MR at peak was 0.62 and the mean was 0.80. Using these data, the MR value of 0.62 had a <1% likelihood of actually coming from a healthy control. Testing against @entity7018 , on the whole data set, showed that only 2.1% of all MR values had an error >0.7. These estimates of model reliability are comparable with the greatest values reported in the literature and, additionally, the model was able to detect significant differences between mastitic and healthy @entity291 4 d before treatment. It was also found that specificity/sensitivity calculations are inappropriate for evaluating time-related changes and a progressive scale of predicted @entity1271 state.

title: Estimating degree of XXXX from time-series measurements in milk: a test of a model based on @entity880 dehydrogenase measurements.

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['basic health definitions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In the clinical management of @entity158 , a possible cervical origin must be considered. A clinical exploration is therefore essential. The disorder originates in the intimate connections between the cranial portion of the spinal cord and the trigeminal system. Although solid evidence supporting the use of radiofrequency (RF) treatment is lacking, it remains one of the management options to be taken into account. The present study evaluates the efficacy of RF in application to @entity12417 . STUDY DESIGN: We present three cases of severe @entity158 arising from different cervical structures. RESULTS: In two cases the @entity158 originated in cervical roots C2 and C3, while in the third @entity1 the trigger point was located at the level of the @entity9807 . Pulsed RF was applied for 4 minutes at the dorsal ganglion of C2 and C3 in the first two cases, and for 8 minutes at intraarticular level in the third @entity1 . The @entity158 gradually subsided during the first month in all cases. The first two @entity1 reported 70% improvement after one month, 60% improvement after 6 months, and 30-50% after one year, versus baseline. The third @entity1 reported complete @entity158 resolution lasting approximately 5 months, after which the @entity158 reappeared with the same intensity as before. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency is a satisfactory treatment option, affording adequate @entity1337 , though the effects are sometimes temporary.

title: Radiofrequency treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity12417 :: ('MESH:D051298', 'Disease') :: ['cervicogenic headache']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial joint']

answer: @entity12417 :: (MESH:D051298,Disease) :: ['cervicogenic headache']


abstract: @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) is an important inflammatory mediator that plays an essential role in the development and progression of @entity66 . @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) is the inducible enzyme responsible for increased @entity1421 levels during @entity32 and other pathologic processes. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of @entity3840 -mediated @entity1421 synthesis in osteoclast formation in response to endodontic pathogens and materials. Primary osteoblast cultures and osteoclast cultures were prepared from @entity3840 knockout (K/O) and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) littermates. These cultured cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or root canal obturation materials including gutta-percha (GP), Resilon (RS), mineral trioxide aggregates (MTAs), and AH Plus (AH+). Osteoclast formation was evaluated using @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The expression of @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) and @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. It was found that in both @entity164 and K/O cultures, treatment with LPS led to a marked increase in osteoclast formation. The number of osteoclasts formed was significantly lower in K/O cultures compared to @entity164 cultures. Exposure to endodontic materials did not lead to any significant osteoclast formation. LPS and endodontic materials caused a decrease in both @entity5298 and @entity2159 expression in @entity164 cells. In K/O cells, the baseline levels of @entity5298 and @entity2159 expression were dramatically decreased compared to the @entity164 cells. In conclusion, @entity3840 -mediated @entity1421 expression is required for LPS-induced inflammatory bone resorption and maintaining the baseline level of @entity5298 and @entity2159 expression. LPS-induced osteoclast formation may be independent of the @entity5298 pathway.

title: The role of @entity3840 ( XXXX ) in inflammatory bone resorption.

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['periradicular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand', 'RANKL']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: Telomerase, a cellular reverse transcriptase, adds telomeric repeats to chromosome ends. In normal @entity1 somatic cells, telomerase is repressed and telomeres progressively shorten, leading to proliferative senescence. Introduction of the telomerase ( @entity2215 ) cDNA is sufficient to produce telomerase activity and immortalize normal @entity1 cells, suggesting that the repression of telomerase activity is transcriptional. The telomerase transcript has been shown to have at least six alternate splicing sites (four insertion sites and two deletion sites), and variants containing both or either of the deletion sites are present during development and in a panel of @entity5 cell lines we surveyed. One deletion (beta site) and all four insertions cause premature translation terminations, whereas the other deletion (alpha site) is 36 bp and lies within reverse transcriptase (RT) motif A, suggesting that this deletion variant may be a candidate as a dominant-negative inhibitor of telomerase. We have cloned three alternately spliced @entity2215 variants that contain the alpha, beta or both alpha and beta deletion sites. These alternate splicing variants along with empty vector and wild-type @entity2215 were introduced into normal @entity1 fibroblasts and several telomerase-positive immortal and @entity5 cell lines. Expression of the alpha site deletion variant ( @entity2215 alpha-) construct was confirmed by Western blotting. We found that none of the three alternate splicing variants reconstitutes telomerase activity in fibroblasts. However, @entity2215 alpha- inhibits telomerase activities in telomerase-positive cells, causes telomere @entity3207 and eventually cell death. This alternately spliced dominant-negative variant may be important in understanding telomerase regulation during development, differentiation and in @entity5 progression.

title: An alternate splicing variant of the XXXX telomerase catalytic subunit inhibits telomerase activity.

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is exceptional in the respiratory tract, accounting for only 0.2% of primary @entity2 . CASE REPORTS: We report three cases of @entity3975 . The inaugural signs were hemoptysia in a 10-year-old @entity1 , recurrent @entity1729 in a 13-year-old @entity1 , and @entity1353 with @entity662 in a 32-year-old adult. Bronchial fibroscopy disclosed a proximal @entity5 in all three @entity1 . Pathology study of the operative specimen identified low-grade malignant @entity3975 in the two @entity1 and high-grade malignant @entity3975 in the adult. Surgical resection was performed for the pediatric cases. Outcome was favorable with recurrence-free survival at eight years in the first @entity1 . The surgical resection was less radical in the second @entity1 due to locoregional extension. This @entity1 was lost to follow-up. The clinical course was rapidly fatal in the third @entity1 who presented metastatic spread at diagnosis and died one month later. DISCUSSION: The prognosis of @entity9990 of the bronchi is closely related to @entity5 grade and extension at diagnosis. Unlike high-grade @entity3975 , the progression of @entity5 , which predominate in @entity1 , is generally slow, enabling good prognosis if diagnosis is established early. Early search for these @entity5 in @entity1 presenting chronic or recurrent respiratory manifestations would avoid late diagnosis and improve prognosis.

title: [Prognosis of XXXX of the bronchi].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'endobronchial tumor', 'low-grade tumors', 'Mucoepidermoid cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity9990 :: ('MESH:D018298', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['lower respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity3975 :: (MESH:D018277,Disease) :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']


abstract: This prospective controlled trial evaluates the efficacy of minicholecystectomy (MC) in cases of acute @entity2679 compared to that of conventional cholecystectomy (CC) and discusses its implications in the laparoscopic era. Sixty consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity2679 were prospectively randomized into two groups: MC group (30 cases) and CC group (30 cases). The two groups were well matched with regard to age, sex, weight/height index, previous upper abdominal surgery, and APACHE II scores. The mean length of incision was 5.5 cm (range 4.5-9.0 cm) in the MC group compared to 13.5 cm (range 12-16 cm) in the CC group. No significant differences were found between MC and CC with regard to operative time (69.1 +/- 17.0 and 68.1 +/- 15.4 minutes, respectively; p = 0.82), operative difficulty on a 1 to 10 scale (5.2 +/- 1.5 versus 4.6 +/- 1.6, respectively; p = 0.177), and complication rate (11% and 17%, respectively; p = 0.19). Significantly lower analgesia requirements were noted in the MC group: 27.5 +/- 14.6 mg of @entity1286 compared to 44.5 +/- 13.2 mg in the CC group (p < 0.001). In addition, the duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter for MC @entity1 (3.1 +/- 1.0 days) than in CC @entity1 (4.7 +/- 1.2 days) (p < 0.001). Twenty-two @entity1 (73.3%) in the MC group were reported to return to normal daily activities 2 weeks after the operation, compared to only 12 (40%) in the CC group (p = 0.0028). MC is safe and applicable as an emergency procedure for acute @entity2679 . It is superior to CC in terms of convalescence and cosmesis. The results of MC in the setting of acute @entity2679 compare favorably with the published results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

title: Emergency minilaparotomy cholecystectomy for acute XXXX : prospective randomized trial--implications for the laparoscopic era.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, we compared the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) using different bladder emptying methods including normal spontaneous micturition (NSM), micturition with assisted maneuvers (MAM), aseptic intermittent catheterization by @entity1 (IC-P), aseptic IC by an attendant/caregiver (IC-A) and indwelling catheterization. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Tertiary rehabilitation center. @entity1 : @entity1 referred to Brain and @entity1566 Research Center between 2012 and 2014. OUTCOME MEASURES: HRQoL was assessed by Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Hierarchical regression analysis with adjustment for probable confounders (demographic and injury-related variables) was performed to assess the relationship between bladder-emptying method and total SF-36 score. RESULTS: @entity1 with injury at cervical sections had significantly lower scores in domain of physical functioning (PF), physical component summary (PCS) and total score (P: 0.001, <0.0001 and 0.027, respectively). Longer time since injury was associated with better scores of PCS, Mental component summary (MCS) and total score (P: 0.002, <0.0001 and 0.003, respectively). Regression analysis showed that the effect of bladder-emptying method on total score of SF-36 was significant (P < 0.0001) and this relationship remained significant after adjustment for probable confounders in the second step of hierarchical regression analysis (R: 0.923, R(2): 0.852, Adjusted R(2): 0.847, P   <   0.0001). @entity1 with NSM had the highest scores in SF-36 instrument and individuals with indwelling catheterization had the poorest HRQoL in all domains. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the type of bladder management method affects HRQoL significantly in @entity1 with @entity1566 . Intermittent catheterization are recommended to be administered instead of indwelling catheterization to improve HRQoL.

title: The association between bladder-emptying methods and health-related quality of life among Iranian individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the surgical method, @entity260 , and @entity344 of thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy in the treatment of @entity418 . MATERIAL AND METHODS Using random sampling method, we selected 132 @entity418 @entity1 who were treated in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2014; these @entity1 were regarded as the study group and underwent thoraco-laparoscopy 3-field surgery treatment. Another 108 @entity418 @entity1 admitted to our hospital over the same period were regarded as the control group and underwent traditional open McKeown esophagectomy. RESULTS The amount of @entity190 and postoperative drainage of pleural fluid in the study group were significantly lower (P<0.05) and the time to removal of the chest tube and hospital stay were significantly shorter (P<0.05). The incidence of anastomotic @entity292 , vocal @entity912 , chylothorax, and @entity943 were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05). However, no significant differences in the incidence of @entity55 , @entity891 , or @entity649 were detected (P>0.05). For @entity344 , first flatus time, first defecation time, and bowel tone recovery time after the operation, as well as the total amount of gastric juice draining, were reduced in the thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy group (P<0.05). The postoperative MTL and NO levels were higher but @entity3549 level was lower in the thoraco-laparoscopic group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy was technically feasible and safe; it was associated with lower incidence of @entity260 and had less effect on @entity344 . Skilled technique and cooperation could further shorten the operation time and might lead to better @entity1 outcomes.

title: Surgical Method, @entity260 , and Gastrointestinal Motility of Thoraco-Laparoscopy 3-Field Esophagectomy in Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motility', 'postoperative gastrointestinal motility']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['certain postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['cord paralysis']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Cancer']