abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the value of current transthoracic echocardiographic systems and transoesophageal echocardiography for assessing left @entity177 and imaging thrombi. DESIGN: Single blind prospective study. @entity1 were first investigated by transthoracic echocardiography and thereafter by a second investigator using transoesophageal echocardiography. The feasibility of imaging the left atrial appendage, recording its velocities, and identifying thrombi within the appendage were determined by both methods. @entity1 : 117 consecutive @entity1 with a @entity64 or transient @entity51 . SETTING: Tertiary cardiac and neurological care centre. RESULTS: Imaging of the complete appendage was feasible in 75% of the @entity1 by transthoracic echocardiography and in 95% by transoesophageal echocardiography. Both methods were concordant for the detection of thrombi in 10 cases. Transoesophageal echocardiography revealed two additional thrombi. In one of these @entity1 , transthoracic echocardiography was not feasible and in the other the @entity715 had been missed by transthoracic examination. In @entity1 with adequate transthoracic echogenicity, the specificity and sensitivity of detecting left @entity955 were 100% and 91%, respectively. Recording of left atrial appendage velocities by transthoracic echocardiography was feasible in 69% of cases. None of the @entity1 with a velocity > 0.3 m/s had left @entity955 . In the one @entity1 in whom transthoracic echocardiographic evaluation missed a left @entity715 , the peak emptying velocity of the left atrial appendage was 0.25 m/s. CONCLUSIONS: A new generation echocardiographic system allows for the transthoracic detection of left @entity955 and accurate determination of left @entity177 in most @entity1 with a @entity51 .

title: Imaging of thrombi and assessment of left XXXX : a prospective study comparing transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['atrial appendage function']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial appendage thrombi']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['atrial appendage thrombus', 'thrombus']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['atrial appendage function']


abstract: Joint mobilization is a common treatment used by healthcare professions for management of a variety of @entity158 , including inflammatory joint and @entity925 . We hypothesized that joint mobilization would reduce the bilateral @entity1931 induced by @entity121 . Mechanical @entity1931 was measured by examining the mechanical withdrawal threshold of the @entity35 's paw before and after induction of @entity32 with 3% carrageenan (gastrocnemius muscle) or 3% @entity4563 /carrageenan (knee joint), and for 1 hour after knee joint mobilization. The mobilization consisted of rhythmically flexing and extending the knee joint to the end of range of extension while the tibia was simultaneously moved in an anterior to posterior direction. A bilateral decrease in mechanical withdrawal thresholds occurred 1, 2, and 4 weeks after @entity32 of the knee joint or muscle. In animals with @entity121 , mobilization of the knee joint increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold bilaterally when given 1, 2, or 4 weeks after @entity32 . However, in animals with @entity32 , mobilization of the knee joint at 4 weeks increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold but had no effect when administered 1 or 2 weeks after @entity32 . Therefore, joint mobilization reduces @entity1931 induced by @entity32 of muscle and joint. PERSPECTIVE: This article shows that unilateral joint mobilization reduces bilateral @entity1931 induced by chronic @entity121 . Understanding the @entity158 conditions in which mobilization produces an analgesic effect should assist the clinician in selecting appropriate treatment techniques. The bilateral effect suggests that central mechanisms could mediate the analgesia.

title: Joint mobilization reduces XXXX associated with chronic @entity121 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'knee joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful conditions']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle inflammation', 'muscle or joint inflammation', 'muscle and joint inflammation']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: This study was aimed to compare changes in hemodynamics between unilateral (UL) or simultaneous bilateral (BL) @entity358 ( @entity358 ) for @entity1030 . Sixteen @entity1 underwent @entity358 by stapler resection with @entity3278 : yttrium-alminum-garnet (Nd: YAG) laser ablation; five underwent BL- @entity358 (four by median sternotomy and one by thoracoscopy) and 11 underwent UL- @entity358 by thoracoscopy. Four @entity1 had @entity4530 within @entity2542 . At preoperation and 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively, hemodynamics and right ventricular performance were evaluated. UL- and BL- @entity358 reduced afterload of the right and left ventricle postoperatively. Although the pulmonary arterial resistance increased after surgery, the total pulmonary resistance decreased (p=0.001) in association with the reduced systemic vascular resistance (p=0.001). These reductions improved cardiopulmonary circulation, resulting in @entity5691 (p=0.003). The right ventricular ejection fraction showed minimal change 48 hours postoperation. Two @entity1 died of @entity55 caused by persistent air leakage. In conclusion, both the UL- and BL- @entity358 showed similar effectiveness in terms of improvement in the systemic and cardiopulmonary circulation after @entity358 , if there were no postoperative complications. We concluded that we had to reduce and repair the persistent air leakage after @entity358 .

title: Comparison of changes in hemodynamics between unilateral and bilateral lung volume reduction for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased stroke volume and cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['multiple bullae']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['LVRS', 'lung volume reduction surgery']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema']

answer: @entity2542 :: (MESH:D011656,Disease) :: ['pulmonary emphysema']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was initiated to evaluate whether pretreatment diagnostic thoracic CT scan was useful for @entity1 with loco-regional recurrent @entity0 , and to assess its impact on the design of radiotherapeutic treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between March 1991 and January 1997, 44 @entity1 underwent thoracic CT examination with contrast material before the consideration of radiotherapy for their isolated loco-regional recurrent @entity0 . The CT radiographs were prospectively reviewed for additional findings clinically undetected by prior physical examination and plain-chest radiograph. The changes made in treatment design and dosage of radiation as a result of CT findings were recorded for analysis. The correlation between prognostic indicators and the CT findings was also studied. RESULTS: Twenty-two of 44 (50%) @entity1 were found to have additional abnormalities detected only after thoracic CT examinations were performed. The strategy of radiation therapy was altered in 17 of 22 (77%) @entity1 as a result. @entity1 with shorter disease-free interval (p = 0.08) and multiple sites of recurrence (p = 0.05) tended to have greater numbers of findings on CT scan previously unsuspected. Thus, CT scan is a valuable guide to treating loco-regional recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment diagnostic thoracic CT scan offers essential information that can alter treatment planning and thus optimize treatment strategy for a large proportion of @entity1 with clinically isolated loco-regional recurrent @entity0 . In this population of @entity1 we recommend that thoracic CT examination be considered before the initiation of radiation therapy.

title: Diagnostic thoracic-computed tomography in radiotherapy for loco-regional recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6583 is a major cause of @entity302 in developing countries and is endemic in Brazil. To test the hypothesis that the aetiological profile of @entity1 with @entity302 in Brazil includes @entity6583 , we conducted a cross sectional study investigating the aetiology of @entity302 . METHODS: A total of 512 @entity1 evaluated at the outpatient clinic for @entity302 at the Ribeir  o Preto School of Medicine were included in the survey. Medical intractability was determined on the basis of @entity410 incidence and severity, and response to appropriate @entity302 management. Neuroimaging included brain CT with non-contrasted and contrasted phases and high resolution MRI. @entity1 were divided into @entity6583 and @entity6583 groups according to previous diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: The most common @entity75 were @entity3877 ( @entity3877 ; 56.0%), @entity6795 (12.1%), and @entity1313 (9.9%). Neuroimaging was normal in 8.7% of @entity1 . Calcifications were found in 27% of @entity1 and were significantly more common in @entity1 with @entity3877 than in those without @entity3877 (p<0.001). @entity6583 was found in only eight @entity1 (1.56%). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity6583 is an uncommon cause of @entity302 , even in an endemic region such as Brazil, and that it may only represent a coexistent pathology. However, an analysis of our findings reveals that @entity6583 was more common in @entity1 with @entity3877 . This finding could suggest either that there is a cause-effect relationship between @entity3877 and @entity6583 , or that @entity3877 and @entity6583 co-vary with a missing variable, such as socio-economic status.

title: @entity75 and @entity302 : a cross sectional study of 512 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3877 :: ('MESH:C566903', 'Disease') :: ['MTS', 'mesial temporal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['Isolated neurocysticercosis', 'neurocysticercosis', 'non-neurocysticercosis', 'Neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['malformations of cortical development']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'intractable epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a school-based @entity28 prevention program that seeks to change food intake among students at schools in Rosario, Argentina. METHODS: This was a prospective study involving 405 @entity1 9-11 years of age at six schools in the poor areas of Rosario, Argentina, in May-October 2008. After matching for socioeconomic status, schools were selected by simple randomization; @entity1 were assessed at baseline (T1) and again 6 months later, after completion of the intervention (T2). The program focused on increasing the @entity1 's knowledge of healthy nutrition and exercise through four workshops; educating the parents/caregivers; and offering healthy options at the school snack bar. The main outcome measures were the @entity1 's intake of healthy and unhealthy foods (assessed with a weekly food frequency questionnaire) and their body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Of the 387 @entity1 assessed at T1, 369 were reassessed at T2 (205 intervention; 164 control). @entity1 at the schools where the intervention occurred increased their intake of three of the five healthy food items promoted by the program (fruits, vegetables, low-sugar cereals). Statistical significance was reached for skim milk (P = 0.03) and for pure orange juice (P = 0.05). @entity1 of both the intervention and control groups failed to improve their intake of healthy foods, but those of the intervention arm significantly reduced their intake of hamburgers and hot @entity235 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 were more amenable to improving their dietary intake. Overall, the program was more likely to increase consumption of healthy food than to decrease intake of unhealthy foods. Gender differences should be taken into account when designing preventive interventions.

title: Gender differences and a school-based XXXX prevention program in Argentina: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is generally regarded as first choice for pharmacological prevention of @entity170 in @entity1 . We reviewed recent studies of HRT regimens and selective @entity2931 receptor modulators (SERMs), including controlled trials of at least one-year duration published since 1995 until February 2000 providing data on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) or @entity174 . Natural and synthetic @entity2931 exert a continuum of positive effects on @entity79 in a dose-dependent, though non-proportional, fashion independent of age and mode of administration. @entity604 may be largely prevented by 25 microg transdermal patch @entity53 , 0.3 mg conjugated @entity1641 or 0.3 mg esterified @entity2931 . Progestogens neither attenuate nor augment the effect of @entity2931 ; sole use of @entity11347 prevents @entity604 . Both the SERMs, @entity440 and @entity441 , slightly increase @entity79 . There are no adequately powered @entity174 trials for any HRT regimen. @entity441 60 mg daily decreases the relative risk of @entity174 by at least 30%, as demonstrated by one 3-year @entity174 study of @entity3604 @entity1 . In conclusion, the recommendation to use @entity2931 for @entity170 , given both the lack of @entity174 trials and the rare trials on long-term use of HRT in (late) postmenopausal @entity1 , is not well supported. @entity174 trials could overcome shortcomings of the current level of evidence.

title: Prevention of @entity170 with XXXX replacement therapy and associated compounds: update on clinical trials since 1995.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene', 'Raloxifene']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: An 87-year-old @entity1 was admitted to another hospital with @entity4156 on May 31, 1991. On the 6th hospital day she suddenly developed transient complete @entity616 and @entity1165 . She was transferred to our hospital for the treatment of intractable @entity712 on the 18th hospital day. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed a saccular chamber with a narrow-necked connection to the left ventricle. Color Doppler echocardiography showed bidirectional blood flow between the left ventricle and saccular chamber during systole and diastole. There was 35% left to right shunt in the ventricular level on right heart catheterization. Acute @entity583 complicated with left @entity67 and @entity9009 was diagnosed. She died on the 26th hospital day without aggressive medical treatment. Autopsy demonstrated the @entity2849 in the posterior wall of the left ventricle and the connection to the right ventricle. The so-called double rupture could be diagnosed before death.

title: [A case of @entity583 complicated with left XXXX and @entity9009 ].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal perforation']

entities_list: @entity4156 :: ('MESH:D056989', 'Disease') :: ['acute inferior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular pseudoaneurysm']


abstract: Cells bearing a smooth muscle cell marker--alpha-actin and a macrophage marker-- @entity469 antigen were immunocytochemically identified on 'en face' preparations of @entity1 aortic intima. Cells, expressing smooth muscle alpha-actin, macrophage @entity469 antigen and both markers, i.e. smooth muscle cells possessing the macrophage antigen, were identified both in grossly normal aortic areas and in @entity731 ( @entity1856 and @entity731 ). @entity469 -positive smooth muscle cells were most common in the lipid-rich areas: @entity1856 and @entity731 plaque shoulders. Cells expressing smooth muscle alpha-actin and @entity469 were also revealed in primary cultures prepared from grossly normal and @entity731 intima. Cells expressing both antigens were found in all examined cultures. The proportion of these cells in cultures from grossly normal areas and @entity731 was similar: 14.5 +/- 4.1 and 14.6 +/- 4.8%, respectively. Cultures from @entity1856 had a higher content of cells expressing both antigens: 25.1 +/- 7.0%. Modified low density lipoprotein-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in cells cultured from grossly normal intima led to a three-fold increase in the number of cells sharing alpha-actin and @entity469 . Accumulation of latex beads by phagocytosis had a similar effect. It was suggested that in @entity731 intracellular lipid accumulation and other stimulators of phagocytosis may provoke the expression of macrophage-associated antigen @entity469 in settled cells of the subendothelial intima of @entity1 aorta.

title: Subendothelial smooth muscle cells of XXXX aorta express macrophage antigen in situ and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic lesions', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fatty streaks']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In @entity1 , @entity410 @entity410 lasting-more than 5 minutes constitute a life-threatening condition. Outside of the hospital setting, the treatment of choice is rectal @entity3175 . @entity1363 , a fast-acting @entity1245 , is now authorised for use in this setting, in the form of a solution for oral transmucosal route. The results of five trials conducted in specialised centres suggest that @entity1363 oromucosal solution is at least as effective as rectal @entity3175 in reducing the duration of @entity410 and preventing early @entity410 recurrence. However, the evidence provided by these studies is weak. The main adverse effects of @entity1363 oromucosal solution are the same as those of rectal @entity3175 ; in particular, @entity1576 occurs in 1% to 5% of @entity1 and can necessitate intubation. Some anticonvulsants, such as @entity2049 , @entity3174 and @entity109 , may reduce the effectiveness of @entity1363 and @entity3175 . At the recommended doses, @entity1363 @entity1445 may occur when the oromucosal solution is used to treat @entity1 less than 6 months old. @entity1363 oromucosal solution is sold in single-dose ready-to-use oral syringes. In France, @entity3175 doses for rectal administration must be prepared from a vial of solution. In early 2013, the usability of oral transmucosal versus rectal administration has not been compared prospectively in @entity1 with @entity410 @entity410 . In practice, rectal @entity3175 is the drug of choice for paediatric @entity410 @entity410 occurring outside the hospital setting. @entity1363 oromucosal solution is an alternative for @entity1 over 6 months of age, especially when preparation or administration of the rectal @entity3175 dose poses a problem.

title: @entity1363 oral transmucosal route. An alternative to rectal XXXX for some @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['diazepam']


abstract: @entity413 transport and phosphorylation are the first steps in the utilization of extracellular @entity413 by skeletal muscle. We have examined the relationships between proteins mediating these steps in single fibers of identified type dissected from @entity95 skeletal muscle. The level of the @entity413 transporter isoform @entity54128 , measured by immunoblotting, varied among fibers by a factor of 20 (slow oxidative > fast oxidative glycolytic > fast glycolytic). In fibers from the tibialis anterior muscle, @entity54128 was correlated (r2 = 0.75) with the activity of @entity5910 dehydrogenase, an enzyme representative of oxidative energy metabolism. In these fibers a strong correlation (r2 = 0.70) was also observed between @entity54128 and @entity39203 activity. @entity54129 levels were barely detectable, regardless of fiber type. To investigate the possible role of muscle activity in controlling the expression of transporters, tibialis anterior muscles were activated by chronic electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerves. @entity54129 levels increased after 1 day of stimulation to a plateau that was severalfold higher than the level in non-stimulated cells. @entity39203 activity and the @entity54128 level changed in parallel: both were increased by approximately 2.5-fold after 1 day and by 14-fold after 21 days. Thus, while both @entity54129 and @entity54128 were regulated by muscle activity, only @entity54128 expression was coordinated with the expression of @entity39203 .

title: XXXX transporters in single skeletal muscle fibers. Relationship to @entity39203 and regulation by contractile activity.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: A 3-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital in September 1985, because of @entity3043 . His bone marrow was normocellular with 18% blasts, which had Auer rod and were positive for peroxidase staining. A diagnosis of @entity417 with @entity7139 in transformation was made according to @entity1334 criteria. Chromosome analysis of bone marrow cells showed normal male karyotype. He attained complete remission with @entity30021 and BH-AC and continued it until August 1987 when @entity3043 and hypoplastic bone marrow developed. Chromosome analysis of bone marrow cells showed normal male karyotype and gene analysis revealed germ-line configuration of breakpoint cluster region (bcr). @entity1778 developed in May 1988 when his WBC count increased to 60, 600/microliters with 91% blasts, which were negative for peroxidase staining, positive for anti-Ia and CDw 41 by cell surface analysis, and positive for ultrastructurally demonstrable platelet peroxidase. A diagnosis of @entity10706 was made. Chromosome analysis of bone marrow cells showed 46, XY, t(9;22) (q34;q11) and gene analysis revealed rearrangement of bcr. He died in November 1988. Our results and review of literature suggest that late appearing @entity12297 chromosome and rearrangement of bcr may occur in a variety of @entity1583 and influence the course of disease.

title: [Myelodysplastic syndrome in a @entity1 which developed into XXXX with late appearing @entity12297 chromosome and rearrangement of breakpoint cluster region].

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['excess blasts']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia']

entities_list: @entity30021 :: ('MESH:D015250', 'Chemical') :: ['aclarubicin']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Overt leukemia']

entities_list: @entity10706 :: ('MESH:D007947', 'Disease') :: ['megakaryocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity10706 :: (MESH:D007947,Disease) :: ['megakaryocytic leukemia']


abstract: The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the efficacy, tolerability, and impact on quality of life of @entity2211 --a specific peripherally acting @entity935 antagonist--in the management of symptoms of @entity7623 , a common and potentially debilitating condition in @entity1 with @entity6 . In the first phase of this multicenter, two-phase withdrawal study, 287 @entity6 @entity1 with symptoms of @entity7623 of at least 6 months' duration received @entity2211 20 mg QID in a single-masked fashion for 4 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated using a four-point rating scale (0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe) for each of the following symptoms: @entity390 , abdominal distention/bloating, early satiety, @entity391 , and @entity490 . At the end of the first phase, @entity1 with sufficient improvement in their total symptom score (a score < or = 6 and a decrease in score of > or = 5 units from the baseline [selection] visit) were eligible for the 4-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked withdrawal phase of the study. The impact of @entity2211 on quality of life was determined using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36). Of 269 @entity1 with data from the single-masked phase, 208 (77%) qualified for entry into the double-masked phase based on a statistically significant improvement in total symptom score, from a mean score of 10.32 at baseline (initial visit) to 3.79 after 4 weeks of single-masked @entity2211 therapy. During the double-masked phase, @entity1 in the placebo group had significantly greater deterioration in total symptom scores compared with @entity1 in the @entity2211 group (mean changes of 1.84 and 0.85, respectively). Similar significant differences in favor of @entity2211 were seen in the secondary efficacy variables (i.e., @entity1 ' diary scores and global assessments of symptoms). The tolerability profile of @entity2211 was similar to that of placebo. @entity1 who responded to @entity2211 experienced significant improvements in quality of life, as indicated by the SF-36 physical and mental component summary scores. During the double-masked phase, @entity1 who were randomized to placebo experienced a significant deterioration in the physical component summary score compared with @entity1 in the @entity2211 group. The results of this study suggest that @entity2211 20 mg QID provides significant improvement in the @entity344 of @entity6 and is well tolerated in @entity1 with this condition.

title: XXXX in the management of symptoms of @entity6 : efficacy, tolerability, and quality-of-life outcomes in a multicenter controlled trial. DOM-USA-5 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic gastroparesis', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastroparesis']

answer: @entity2211 :: (MESH:D004294,Chemical) :: ['Domperidone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity355 ( @entity355 ) may lead to @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity420 . The objective was to examine the impact of treating @entity1 with @entity355 and with @entity1893 by using porfimer @entity1372 (POR) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for ablating @entity1893 and reducing the incidence of @entity420 . METHODS: The design was a multicenter, partially blinded (pathology), randomized clinical trial conducted in @entity1 with @entity355 who have @entity1893 . There were 30 contributing centers. A total of 485 @entity1 were screened, with 208 in the intent-to-treat population and 202 in the safety population. @entity1 were randomized on a 2:1 basis to compare PDT with POR plus @entity4546 (PORPDT) with @entity4546 only (OM). The main outcome measurement was complete @entity1893 ablation occurring at any time during the study period. RESULTS: There was a significant difference (p < 0.0001) in favor of PORPDT (106/138 [77%]) compared with OM (27/70 [39%]) in complete ablation of @entity1893 at any time during the study period. The occurrence of @entity420 in the PORPDT group (13%) (n=18) was significantly lower (p < 0.006) compared with the OM group (28%) [corrected] (n=20). The safety profile showed 94% of @entity1 in the PORPDT group and 13% of @entity1 in the OM group had treatment-related adverse effects. The limitations of the study were that PDT therapy may have had to be applied more than once and that @entity1 spent more time in treatment. The @entity1 and the physicians were not blinded to the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: PORPDT in conjunction with @entity4546 is an effective therapy for ablating @entity1893 in @entity1 with @entity355 and in reducing the incidence of @entity420 .

title: Photodynamic therapy with porfimer XXXX for ablation of @entity1893 in @entity355 : international, partially blinded, randomized phase III trial.

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously identified via a genome wide association study variants near LEKR and @entity23257 and in the @entity34593 genes lead to lower birthweight. Here, we study the impact of these variants and social stress during pregnancy, defined as social adversity and neighborhood disparity, on @entity1 birth size. We aimed to determine whether the addition of genetic variance magnified the observed associations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We analyzed data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n=5369). Social adversity was defined by young maternal age (<20 years), low maternal education (<11 years), and/or single marital status. Neighborhood social disparity was assessed by discrepancy between neighborhoods relative to personal socio-economic status. These variables are indicative of social and socioeconomic stress, but also of biological risk. The adjusted multiple regression analysis showed smaller birth size in both @entity1 of mothers who experienced social adversity (birthweight by -40.4 g, 95%CI -61.4, -19.5; birth length -0.14 cm, 95%CI -0.23, -0.05; head circumference -0.09 cm 95%CI -0.15, -0.02) and neighborhood disparity (birthweight -28.8 g, 95%CI -47.7, -10.0; birth length -0.12 cm, 95%CI -0.20, -0.05). The birthweight-lowering risk allele (SNP @entity54873 near LEKR and @entity23257 ) magnified this association in an additive manner. However, likely due to sample size restriction, this association was not significant for the SNP @entity54874 in @entity34593 . Birth size difference due to social stress was greater in the presence of birthweight-lowering alleles. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Social adversity, neighborhood disparity, and genetic variants have independent associations with @entity1 birth size in the mutually adjusted analyses. If the newborn carried a risk allele @entity54873 near LEKR/ @entity23257 , the impact of stress on birth size was stronger. These observations give support to the hypothesis that individuals with genetic or other biological risk are more vulnerable to environmental influences. Our study indicates the need for further research to understand the mechanisms by which genes impact individual vulnerability to environmental insults.

title: The interplay of variants near LEKR and XXXX and social stress in relation to birth size.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

answer: @entity23257 :: (57018,Gene) :: ['CCNL1']


abstract: The practical inability to diagnose @entity8416 spiralis antibodies in @entity1 before day 20 post infection (dpi) has stimulated interest in the development of immunodiagnostic test to detect circulating antigens. Our previous experience showed that soon after infection immune complexes as well as uncomplexed parasite antigens in sera of infected @entity35 could be detected. To diagnose the presence of antigen in urine, double sandwich-capture ELISA was applied using a peroxidase-conjugated @entity95 immunoglobulin to T. spiralis larval antigens. The plates were coated with metabolic (AES) or somatic (AS) larval antigens. @entity19 were infected with 500 @entity8416 larvae. The urine samples from experimentally infected @entity19 taken from 1 to 41 dpi. and the urine samples from @entity1 of the Clinical Hospital in Bia  ystok taken from 3 to 120 dpi were examined. Before testing, the urine samples were heated for 6 min. at 100 degrees C and centrifuged for 6 min. at 5000 g, supernatants were used in ELISA. The presence of T. spiralis antigens in @entity19 urine samples was detected between 6-26 days post infection (dpi) using double sandwich-capture ELISA. All samples taken later were negative as samples taken from uninfected @entity19 . 3 from 9 @entity1 urine samples taken 3-10 dpi were positive, the remaining samples taken 3-10 and 10-30 dpi showed values near to "cut-off". In both @entity19 and @entity1 urine samples the higher level of antigens was detected in ELISA when somatic larval antigen was used. The T. spiralis antigens were present in urine of infected @entity1 and @entity19 in the first phase of infection.

title: Detection of @entity8416 spiralis antigens in urine of XXXX and animals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'human', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8416 :: ('6334', 'Species') :: ['T. spiralis', 'Trichinella']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8055 ( @entity8055 ) may present with spontaneous @entity548 and @entity397 . The aim of this study was to assess management in 22 @entity1 treated for @entity548 and/or @entity397 of @entity8055 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between May 1990 and July 2005, 22 female @entity1 were diagnosed with acute @entity548 and/or @entity75 highly suspicious of @entity8055 . Preoperative imaging diagnostics and pathologic specimens were reviewed. RESULTS: Twelve haemodynamically stable and four unstable @entity1 could be treated conservatively. One @entity1 underwent acute partial liver resection, whereas four @entity1 underwent laparotomy with initial packing of the liver. In one @entity1 , selective embolisation of the left hepatic artery was performed. Fifteen @entity1 eventually underwent resection after a mean time of 8 months after initial treatment. Six @entity1 did not undergo resection and showed no complications or rebleeding after a mean follow-up of 24.6 months. Only in seven @entity1 , histopathological examination showed @entity8055 , and in one @entity1 , @entity8055 with @entity4383 . CONCLUSION: @entity8055 with @entity548 and/or @entity397 does not necessarily require immediate liver resection. Conservative treatment is justified in stable @entity1 . In case of an instable @entity1 with or without hemoperitoneum, laparotomy with packing or selective embolisation can stop the @entity548 .

title: Management of spontaneous XXXX and @entity8055 . A single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8055 :: ('MESH:D018248', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular adenomas', 'HCA']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of lesions']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['focal nodular hyperplasia']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: Despite the wide spectrum of @entity4802 manifestations, treatment mainly focuses on mandible and @entity2169 , rather than on @entity3541 . In fact, the surgical treatment of @entity3541 associated with @entity4802 is quite underdeveloped, because the degree of @entity912 is frequently incomplete or partial. Timing and type of surgery are also difficult to determine. @entity121 is now a standard procedure for the dynamic smile reconstruction of longstanding @entity3541 . This type of strategy has considerable potential in the treatment of @entity3541 in @entity1 with @entity4802 . We present here our experience with neurovascular free-muscle transfer for smile reconstruction in eight @entity1 with @entity3541 associated with @entity4802 . The age of the @entity1 at the time of surgery ranged from 7 to 28 years old, (average, 13.9 years). Six were male @entity1 and two were female @entity1 . The two-stage method combining gracilis muscle transfer with cross-face nerve grafting was performed in three @entity1 , whereas the one-stage transfer of the latissimus dorsi muscle was performed in five. To construct a natural or near-natural smile, the muscles were transferred into the paralyzed cheek in all except one @entity1 , in whom the latissimus dorsi muscle was transferred into the sublabial area to reconstruct a paralyzed lower lip. A dermal flap segment vascularized with perforating vessels from the latissimus dorsi muscle was simultaneously inserted into the underdeveloped cheek for soft-tissue augmentation in this @entity1 . Muscle contraction was evident in all @entity1 between 4 and 8 months after muscle transfer. Our present series revealed that neurovascular free-muscle transfer is a good option not only for smile reconstruction but also for restoration of the facial contours of @entity1 with @entity4802 . Compared with the two-stage method combining gracilis muscle transfer with cross-face nerve grafting, the one-stage method using the latissimus dorsi muscle has some advantages, including a one-stage operation, a shorter recovery period, and the absence of sequelae that occur after harvesting a sural nerve.

title: @entity121 to treat XXXX associated with @entity4802 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4802 :: ('MESH:D006053', 'Disease') :: ['hemifacial microsomia']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Neurovascular free-muscle transfer']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial paralysis']


abstract: Bier's method of regional anaesthesia has been proposed to deposit various drugs intravenously distal to an @entity616 in legs with severe @entity9085 . From the theoretical point of view it is assumed that ischaemic acral skin areas while being cut off the arterial blood supply may still be reached on the venous route. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis for different injection techniques using @entity941 as tracer. Measurements were carried out in ten @entity1 with @entity613 . After a circulatory arrest according to v. Esmarch had been established a total volume of 100 ml was injected into a peripheral vein at either the @entity291 or foot. In five @entity1 a homogenous @entity941 mixture was prepared prior to the injection ("cocktail"-group) whereas the other five received an isolated fraction of 10 ml @entity941 ("fraction"-group). Subsequently, the fluorescence distribution at the @entity291 and dorsum of the foot was photographically recorded over a period of 20 minutes and evaluated by means of digital image analysis. Fluorescence rapidly and homogeneously spread over the investigated skin areas including the toes in all five cases of the "cocktail"-group. In contrast, a rather delayed and heterogenous @entity941 distribution was observed in the "fraction"-group. Furthermore, in two cases no dye could be detected at the digits after 20 minutes. These results have confirmed the hypothesis of RVP provided that all ingredients are dissolved within an adequate amount of fluid prior to injection.

title: [Use of retrograde venous perfusion in XXXX with advanced peripheral arterial occlusive disease].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['arterial insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittend claudication']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['arterial block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of rare cell capture technology (RCCT) in the diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) from @entity5 through identification of circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) in the CSF. METHODS: In this pilot study, CSF samples from 60 @entity1 were analyzed. The main @entity1 cohort consisted of 51 @entity1 with @entity5 undergoing lumbar puncture for clinical suspicion of @entity3 . Those @entity1 underwent initial MRI evaluation and had CSF analyzed through conventional cytology and for the presence of CTCs using RCCT, based on immunomagnetic platform enrichment utilizing anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody-covered magnetic nanoparticles. An additional 9 @entity1 with CSF pleocytosis but without @entity5 were separately analyzed to ensure accurate differentiation between CTCs and leukocytes. RESULTS: Among the 51 @entity1 with @entity5 , 15 @entity1 fulfilled criteria for @entity3 . CSF CTCs were found in 16 @entity1 (median 20.7 CTCs/mL, range 0.13 to >150), achieving a sensitivity of 100% as compared with 66.7% for conventional cytology and 73.3% for MRI. One @entity1 had a false-positive CSF CTC result (specificity = 97.2%); however, that @entity1 eventually met @entity3 criteria 6 months after the tap. CSF CTCs were not found in any of the additional 9 @entity1 with CSF pleocytosis. CONCLUSION: RCCT is an accurate, novel method for the detection of @entity3 in @entity5 , potentially providing earlier diagnostic confirmation and sparing @entity1 from repeat lumbar punctures.

title: Rare cell capture technology for the diagnosis of XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal metastasis', 'LM']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['leptomeningeal metastasis']


abstract: A follow-up is given of early and late results in 109 arthroplasties with the self-locking Austin T. Moore @entity47384 femoral head prosthesis in @entity2249 on 106 @entity1 . Operative indication was usually fresh medical fracture of the femoral neck in an elderly @entity1 , or its late complication. The surgery was performed in a unit for general surgery also engaged in pre- and postgraduate teaching activities. Many operations were performed by residents engaged in general surgery or orthopaedics. Point scores according to a modification of Merle D'Aubign  's classification showed excellent or at least good results in 81 per cent of the 69 mobile @entity1 . Because of deteriorated general physical condition 11 @entity1 were chronically bed-ridden. Five @entity1 could not be reached. In three instances the prosthesis was removed. 21 @entity1 died, three during the stay in hospital and 18 later for reasons not connected with the operative procedure. The mortality during 40 months of observation corresponded fairly well to that expected in the age group for the population as a whole.

title: The Moore vitallium femoral-head prosthesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['fractures of the femoral neck']

entities_list: @entity47384 :: ('MESH:D014800', 'Chemical') :: ['vitallium']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['fractures of the femoral neck']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After the initial description of normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH) and its clinical triad, there has been a continuous interest from clinicians and researchers to set different diagnostic criteria that would make the selection of candidates for shunt surgery easier and more precise. METHODS: A preliminary group of 12 @entity1 was given a diagnosis of @entity551 @entity1276 by clinical and radiologic criteria. Each @entity1 underwent two different tests: a magnetic resonance imaging-cerebrospinal fluid (MRI-CSF) flow study and a lumbo-ventricular perfusion test. The purpose was to compare the correlation of the results obtained with these tests and the clinical results obtained after CSF diversion. Eleven @entity1 were given shunts and one was managed with lumbar punctures. RESULTS: One year after treatment, 10 of the 12 @entity1 had improved with good results. The MRI-CSF flow studies were reliable in six @entity1 ; there were five false negatives and one false positive. The lumbo-ventricular perfusion test showed reliability in nine @entity1 ; there were two false negatives and one false positive. In only three @entity1 were the results of both of these tests in accordance with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Even though there are few @entity1 in this study so far, the data suggests that at the present time the most predictive guides for the diagnosis of NPH and its outcome after shunting are the clinical criteria and the radiological findings in computed tomography (CT) and/or MRI rather than lumbo-ventricular perfusion and CSF flow studies.

title: Correlation between lumbo-ventricular perfusion and MRI-CSF flow studies in @entity551 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic normal pressure']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: @entity520 is thought to exacerbate @entity740 in part by stimulating the release of potentially injurious substances. To define the genes whose expression is affected by exposure to an acidic milieus, we examined the effect of exposure of MDCK cells to pH 7.4 and pH 7.0 for 24 h on gene expression using a @entity235 derived microarray. Exposure to this pH stress for 24 h led to increased expression of 278 genes (2.2% of the transcriptome) by at least 2-fold and 60 of these (21%) were upregulated by >3-fold. On the other hand, 186 genes (1.5% of the transcriptome) were downregulated by at least 2-fold and 16 of these (9%) were downregulated by 3-fold or more. Ten percent of the genes upregulated by at least threefold encode proinflammatory cytokine proteins, including colony stimulating factor 2, chemokine ligand 7, chemokine ligand 20, chemokine ligand 8, and @entity19209 . Two others encode metallopeptidases. The most highly upregulated gene encodes a protein, @entity53163 , shown to be important in preventing @entity16 and in tissue injury or repair. Upregulation of four genes was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Housekeeping genes were not increased. To examine the effect of decreasing medium pH, we measured intracellular pH (pH(i)) using @entity53164 . With extracellular pH (pH(o)) of 7.0, pH(i) fell and remained @entity308 . These findings suggest that a pH stress alone can increase renal expression of proinflammatory and other genes that contribute to @entity8 .

title: Acid stress increases gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Madin-Darby XXXX kidney cells.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity53164 :: ('CHEBI:52690', 'Chemical') :: ['2,7-bis (2-carboxyethyl)5-carboxyfluorescein']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: An estimated  1.5 billion is spent annually for direct medical expenses and an additional  2.5 billion for indirect costs for the management of @entity263 . Today there are several procedures for @entity5 , including lymph node dissection. Despite these procedures, the accuracy of predicting @entity66 remains low (range 37 to 63, mean 45%). Use of multiple staging procedures adds significantly to the costs of managing @entity263 . Recently artificial intelligence based @entity1274 have become available for medical applications. Unlike traditional statistical methods, these networks do not assume linearity or homogeneity of variance and, thus, they are more accurate for clinical data. We applied this concept to staging @entity263 and devised an algorithm that can be used for @entity263 staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study comprised 1,200 @entity1 with clinically organ confined @entity263 who underwent preoperative staging using serum @entity1486 , systematic biopsy and Gleason scoring before radical prostatectomy and lymphadenectomy. The performance of the neural network was validated for a subset of @entity1 and network predictions were compared with actual pathological stage. Mean @entity1 age was 62.9 years, mean serum @entity1486 8.1 ng./ml. and mean biopsy Gleason 6. Of the @entity1 55% had organ confined disease, 27% positive margins, 8% seminal vesicle involvement and 7% @entity1600 . Of margin positive @entity1 30% also had seminal vesicle involvement, while of seminal vesicle positive @entity1 50% also had positive margins. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the network was 81 to 100%, and specificity was 72 to 75% for various predictions of margin, seminal vesicle and lymph node involvement. The negative predictive values tended to be relatively high for @entity5953 features (range 92 to 100%). The neural network missed only 8% of @entity1 with margin positive disease, and 2% with lymph node and 0% with seminal vesicle involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that @entity1274 may be useful as an initial staging tool for detection of extracapsular extension in @entity1 with clinically organ confined @entity263 . These networks preclude unnecessary staging tests for 63% of @entity1 with clinically organ confined @entity263 .

title: Novel staging tool for XXXX : a pilot study using genetic adaptive @entity1274 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extracapsular disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['staging prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node disease']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: Oral involvement is uncommon in @entity784 and usually associated with poor prognosis. The clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings of 2 new cases are described along with a literature review. The first @entity1 had a 10-year history of @entity4888 when she developed lesions in the oral tissues. She died 6 months later despite treatment. The immunophenotype was CD3+, @entity404 +, @entity405 -, @entity5823 -. The second @entity1 had a @entity4888 for 5 years when she developed lesions in the uvula and oropharynx. She was treated with polychemotherapy and she is alive 5 years after oral involvement. The immunophenotype was CD3+, @entity404 -, @entity405 +, @entity5823 -. There are conflicting reports about the prognosis in the @entity405 + phenotype. The present cases and the literature review seem to indicate that in oral involvement the @entity405 - phenotype is not associated with a worse prognosis than the @entity404 + subtype. However, it is necessary to study new cases to confirm this statement.

title: Oral involvement in XXXX : report of two cases and a literature review.

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['mycosis fungoides']


abstract: @entity958 accession La-er was susceptible, and accession Ms-0 was resistant, to powdery mildew diseases caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum UEA1 and E. cichoracearum UCSC1. The resistance reaction phenotype of A. thaliana Ms-0 to both pathogens was characterized, and the resistance loci were genetically mapped. Growth of E. cruciferarum UEA1 on Ms-0 leaves was arrested after formation of the first appressorium: the underlying host epidermal cell collapsed, and occasionally there was @entity39 of one or two host mesophyll cells. Growth of E. cichoracearum UCSC1 on Ms-0 leaves was arrested after emergence of several germ tubes from the conidium, and there was @entity39 of host mesophyll cells at the sites of @entity281 . Examination of F2 progeny of a cross La-er x Ms-0 indicated that two independently-segregating dominant loci were required for resistance to E. cruciferarum UEA1. One locus, named RPW6, was genetically mapped to chromosome 5, in a 5.6 cM interval flanked by pCITf16 and PI. The other locus, named RPW7, mapped to chromosome 3 in a 8.5 cM interval flanked by @entity25353 and @entity53388 . Independent effects of RPW6 and RPW7 on E. cruciferarum UEA1 could be detected by quantitative measurements of growth of mycelium and production of conidia. Resistance to E. cichoracearum UCSC1 mapped to a single locus, named RPW8, at a location on chromosome 3 which we could not distinguish from RPW7. Evidently, RPW7 and RPW8 define either a complex resistance locus, or a common resistance gene with dual specificity.

title: Characterization of three loci controlling resistance of XXXX accession Ms-0 to two powdery mildew diseases.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most active chemotherapy regimens in UCNT were those combining @entity8253 ( @entity632 or @entity1259 ) and @entity900 . Our previous pilot study on 37 @entity1 treated with the @entity29474 - @entity900 combination with a RR of 67% and literature data about other anthracyclines such as epirubicin achieving a response rate of over 50% were the basis of this randomized study comparing efficacy and @entity137 of the combination vs. @entity29474 as monotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 80 @entity1 entered the study. The diagnosis of UCNT was confirmed by two independent pathologists. All @entity1 had their primary @entity5 in the nasopharynx. The @entity1 were randomized in two groups: group A ( @entity29474 325 mg/m2, day 1), and group B ( @entity29474 250 mg/m2, day 1 and @entity900 30 mg/m2, days 2-5). The inter-cycle interval was four weeks. The two groups were well balanced according to sex, age, stage Ho and TNM stage. RESULTS: Group A: 40 @entity1 included, 34/40 evaluable for activity. Activity on evaluable @entity1 basis: @entity22979 (11.75%), PR 4/34, SD 14/34, PD 12/34, response rate 8/34 (23.5%); response rate on intent to treat basis 8/40 (20%). @entity137 : @entity3028 grade 3-4 6/40, @entity882 grade 3-4 2/40, no @entity1398 , @entity390 /vomiting any grade 3/40, @entity1370 any grade (rhythm) 3/40 other @entity137 minor or absent. Group B: 40 @entity1 included, 36/40 evaluable for activity. Activity on evaluable @entity1 basis: CR 10/36 (27.78%), PR 17/36, SD 3/36, PD 6/36, response rate 27/36 (75%); response rate on intent to treat basis 27/40 (67.5%). @entity137 : @entity3028 grade 3-4 10/40, @entity882 grade 3-4 8/40, two @entity1398 , @entity390 /vomiting any grade 13/40, other @entity137 mild or absent. Of the group of @entity1 achieving a CR, four relapsed following 7, 11, 22 and 23 months, one was lost to follow-up, one died after six months from fulminant @entity1956 and eight are in complete remission lasting for 30+ to 66+ months. Following CR achievement none received any consolidation radiotherapy, and the projected five years of freedom from relapse for complete responders is about 60%. CONCLUSION: @entity29474 is an effective drug in UCNT and its combination with @entity900 has a significant activity and an acceptable @entity137 .

title: Randomized study of @entity29474 versus @entity29474 - XXXX in undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx (UCNT)

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity29474 :: ('MESH:C002205', 'Chemical') :: ['Zorubicin', 'zorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'TOXICITY', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenias']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 2S albumin Ber e 1 is the major allergen in Brazil nuts. Previous findings indicated that the protein alone does not cause an allergenic response in @entity19 , but the addition of components from a Brazil nut lipid fraction were required. Structural details of Ber e 1 may contribute to the understanding of the allergenic properties of the protein and its potential interaction partners. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The solution structure of recombinant Ber e 1 was solved using NMR spectroscopy and measurements of the protein back bone dynamics at a residue-specific level were extracted using @entity13140 -spin relaxation. A hydrophobic cavity was identified in the structure of Ber e 1. Using the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement property of @entity8863 in conjunction with NMR, it was shown that Ber e 1 is able to specifically interact with the divalent @entity920 ion and the binding site was modeled into the structure. The IgE binding region as well as the @entity920 binding site show increased dynamics on both fast ps-ns timescale as well as slower   s-ms timescale. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The overall fold of Ber e 1 is similar to other 2S albumins, but the hydrophobic cavity resembles that of a homologous non-specific lipid transfer protein. Ber e 1 is the first 2S albumin shown to interact with @entity8863 ions. This @entity8863 binding has minimal effect on the electrostatic potential on the surface of the protein, but the charge distribution within the hydrophobic cavity is significantly altered. As the hydrophobic cavity is likely to be involved in a putative lipid interaction the @entity8863 can in turn affect the interaction that is essential to provoke an allergenic response.

title: Solution structure, XXXX binding and backbone dynamics of recombinant Ber e 1-the major allergen from Brazil nut.

answer: @entity920 :: (MESH:D003300,Chemical) :: ['copper']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of @entity6595 . METHODS: 83 @entity6595 cases were analyzed retrospectively in accordance to the criteria of the new World Health Organization classification for neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. The correlations between clinicopathological features, therapeutic measures and survival were discussed. RESULTS: The age of @entity1 ranged from 25 to 77, with a median of 52. The number of males were similar to that of females. There were no specific symptoms. The most common symptoms were @entity158 (60 cases, 72%) or discomfort. The duration of symptoms was often long and with a history of chronic @entity1819 (21 cases, 25%). 13 cases had @entity344 . 51 cases (61%) were accompanied by lymph node involvement. According to the new World Health Organization classification for neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 57 cases were @entity1074 of @entity1074 ( @entity1074 )-type ( @entity1074 ), 23 were diffuse large B cell lymphoma accompanying @entity1074 , 2 were diffuse large B cell lymphoma and 1 was @entity706 . Of all the cases, 31 were stage I E, 38 stage II E, 8 stage III E and 6 stage IV by the Ann Arbor staging system (1972). The total 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 77.8% and 70.1% respectively, with the mean survival time of 146 months. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates of @entity1074 were 77.4% and 72.3%, the 5-year and 10-year survival rates of diffuse large B cell lymphoma accompanying @entity1074 were 81.8% and 68.2%, the 5-year survival rate of diffuse large B cell lymphoma was 50.0%. CONCLUSIONS: There are no specific symptoms in @entity6595 @entity1 . Extranodal @entity1074 of @entity1074 -type is the main histopathological type of @entity6595 , often accompanied by multiple mucosa involvement and also often accompanied by a history of chronic @entity1819 . The lesion is usually localized for a long time, with a very good prognosis. Survival rate has a significant correlation with lymph node involvement and clinical stage. No correlations were found between the survival rates with age, gender, B symptoms, invasive depth of the wall of stomach, the size and range of the @entity5 or different therapeutic measures.

title: [A clinicopathological analysis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric disease', 'gastric diseases']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'marginal zone lymphoma', 'MALT', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue', 'extranodal marginal zone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions in the gastrointestinal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['stomach ache']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is still controversy in deciding which @entity1 with @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ) should undergo resective surgery, even though it is a well-established therapy. The aim of this study is to define multiple outcome measures and determine whether there are certain subpopulations of preferred surgical candidates that have a more favorable @entity410 prognosis. METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 underwent resective @entity4940 surgery with a mean follow-up period of 79.3 months (range 12-208 months). @entity1 demographics, clinical @entity410 characteristics, @entity410 , and diagnostic tests were tabulated. Engel class, International League Against @entity302 (ILAE) class, postoperative @entity410 patterns, time to first recurrent @entity410 , and @entity410 and employment during the last year of follow-up were used as outcome measures. Neuropsychological performance and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were used to define neuropsychological outcome and examined as predictors of @entity410 outcome. KEY FINDINGS: Thirty-three (57%) @entity1 with resective surgery had an Engel class I outcome and 29 (50%) had an ILAE class I outcome. Mean time to first @entity410 after surgery was 33.3 months (range 0-208). Only 14 @entity1 (24%) were @entity410 (Engel IA) throughout the entire follow-up period. The most common pattern of @entity410 recurrence was mixed, with prolonged periods of @entity410 freedom intermixed with recurrences. In addition, 32% of @entity1 made gains in employment and 52% were able to reduce use of @entity734 ( @entity734 ), although only 9% discontinued @entity734 . No significant association was found between class I or class IA outcome and the presence of a focal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormality, any specific localization of @entity410 focus within the frontal lobe, or neuropsychological change. SIGNIFICANCE: Findings indicate that that long-term outcome is generally favorable in @entity4940 resective surgery, and support the need for considering multiple outcome measures to more fully characterize clinically relevant postsurgical changes. Outcome can be favorable even in MRI-negative @entity1 .

title: Outcome of XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'completely seizure-free without auras', 'seizure-onset zone within the frontal lobes']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['FLE', 'frontal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity4940 :: (MESH:D017034,Disease) :: ['frontal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity1455 after @entity583 is associated with high in-hospital mortality attributable to persisting @entity998 . The Impella-EUROSHOCK-registry evaluates the safety and efficacy of the Impella-2.5-percutaneous left-ventricular assist device in @entity1 with @entity1455 after acute @entity583 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This multicenter registry retrospectively included 120 @entity1 (63.6  12.2 years; 81.7% male) with @entity1455 from acute @entity583 receiving temporary circulatory support with the Impella-2.5-percutaneous left-ventricular assist device. The primary end point evaluated mortality at 30 days. The secondary end point analyzed the change of plasma @entity880 after the institution of hemodynamic support, and the rate of early major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events as well as long-term survival. Thirty-day mortality was 64.2% in the study population. After Impella-2.5-percutaneous left-ventricular assist device implantation, @entity880 levels decreased from 5.8  5.0 mmol/L to 4.7  5.4 mmol/L (P=0.28) and 2.5  2.6 mmol/L (P=0.023) at 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Early major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were reported in 18 (15%) @entity1 . Major bleeding at the vascular access site, @entity2142 , and @entity2293 occurred in 34 (28.6%), 9 (7.5%), and 2 (1.7%) @entity1 , respectively. The parameters of age >65 and @entity880 level >3.8 mmol/L at admission were identified as predictors of 30-day mortality. After 317  526 days of follow-up, survival was 28.3%. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with acute @entity1455 from acute @entity583 , Impella 2.5-treatment is feasible and results in a reduction of @entity880 levels, suggesting improved organ perfusion. However, 30-day mortality remains high in these @entity1 . This likely reflects the last-resort character of Impella-2.5-application in selected @entity1 with a poor hemodynamic profile and a greater imminent risk of @entity204 . Carefully conducted randomized controlled trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of Impella-2.5-support in this high-risk @entity1 group.

title: Percutaneous left-ventricular support with the Impella-2.5-assist device in acute XXXX : results of the Impella-EUROSHOCK-registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial tamponade']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low-cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: The national @entity0 screening programme in Luxembourg, the Mammography Programme (MP), was launched in 1992. Its primary goal was to set up an organised @entity0 screening with biennial invitation-reinvitation of @entity1 50-64 years, 2-view mammography, technical quality assurance, double-reading procedures and close monitoring of performance. In 1994, the decision was taken by health authorities to only reimburse screening mammograms done within the MP. We evaluated the performance of 3 screening rounds that took place in 1992-1997. In 1992, 4,815 @entity1 had opportunistic screening and 4,790 attended the MP. In 1997, 861 @entity1 had opportunistic screening and 8,603 attended the MP. In 1997, the participation rate in the MP reached 50%. The referral rate in the MP was 10% for initial screening and 5% for subsequent screening. Echographic examinations accounted for 71% of referrals. @entity307 ,000 screened @entity1 , biopsy and @entity5 rates were 18.0 and 8.0 for initial screening and 10.3 and 5.8 for subsequent screening. Twenty-one percent of the @entity0 diagnosed in screened @entity1 were @entity5 . The age-adjusted proportion of @entity5 >20 mm was 56.1% before 1992, 45.1% for @entity1 not (yet) screened by the MP, 27.0% for @entity5 , 26.6% for initial screening and 12.0% for subsequent screenings. @entity5 size distribution was similar to that observed in the Dutch Breast Cancer Screening Programme, 1990-1993, except that in the latter programme, no difference was observed between initial and subsequent screening. The Luxembourg experience shows that in a liberal health care system, a policy of organising the screening process by reimbursing only those mammograms done within the context of the organised screening programme can drastically reduce opportunistic screening. Further efforts in the Mammography Programme will aim at increasing participation and look at ways to decrease referrals to echography.

title: A XXXX screening programme operating in a liberal health care system: the Luxembourg Mammography Programme, 1992-1997.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['interval cancers', 'Tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The authors treated two @entity1 with @entity2894 in whom magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained before and after the episode. Two days after the apoplectic episodes, MR imaging demonstrated marked thickening of the mucosa of the sphenoid sinus that was absent in the previous studies. The relevance of this change in the sphenoid sinus was investigated. Retrospective evaluations were performed using MR images obtained in 14 consecutive @entity1 with classic @entity2894 characterized by acute onset of severe @entity10 . The mucosa of the sphenoid sinus had thickened predominantly in the compartment just beneath the sella turcica, in nine of 11 @entity1 , as ascertained on MR images obtained within 7 days after the onset of apoplectic symptoms. This condition improved spontaneously in all four @entity1 who did not undergo transsphenoidal surgery. The sphenoid sinus mucosa appeared to be normal on MR images obtained from three @entity1 at the chronic stage (> 3 months after onset). The incidence of sphenoid sinus mucosal thickening during the acute stage was significantly higher in the @entity1 with apoplexy than that in the 100 @entity1 without apoplexy. A histological study conducted in four @entity1 who underwent transsphenoidal surgery during the early stage showed that the subepithelial layer of the sphenoid sinus mucous membrane was obviously swollen. The sphenoid sinus mucosa thickens during the acute stage of @entity2894 . This thickening neither indicates infectious sinusitis nor rules out the choice of the transsphenoidal route for surgery.

title: Thickening of sphenoid sinus mucosa during the acute stage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2894 :: ('MESH:D010899', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary apoplexy']

answer: @entity2894 :: (MESH:D010899,Disease) :: ['pituitary apoplexy']


abstract: We have demonstrated recently that treatment with @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ) accelerates electrophysiological recovery after transient @entity602 in anaesthetized @entity468 . To determine whether @entity842 synthase (NOS) inhibition in the acute phase of @entity1566 results in better functional recovery in the chronic phase, we evaluated the influence of @entity7293 on the time course of changes of neurological function and the histopathological changes after @entity1745 in @entity35 . Experimental @entity1566 was produced in anaesthetized @entity35 by short-term (5 min) compression with a thread placed around the spinal cord at T13. The recovery of motor function was assessed by a treadmill test 10, 20 and 30 days after @entity1745 . The latency of potentials evoked by hindlimb stimulation was measured at the funiculus posterior at C1 10 days after the @entity1566 in anaesthetized @entity35 . Histological examinations were also performed at the same time. The compression-induced @entity1566 resulted in motor dysfunction of hindlimbs, an increase in the latency of the evoked potentials and @entity528 in funiculus posterior at T13. Repeated administration of @entity7293 for 1 day significantly accelerated the recovery of the motor function, shortened the latency of the evoked potentials and attenuated the myelin vacuolization in the spinal cord. These beneficial effects of @entity7293 on neurological function and histopathological changes were abolished by coadministration of L- but not @entity10834 . These results suggest that NOS inhibition during the early stage of @entity1566 has beneficial effects on the recovery of neurological function and the histopathological changes in the chronic stage.

title: Beneficial effects of @entity842 synthase inhibition on the recovery of neurological function after @entity1566 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10834 :: ('CHEBI:15816', 'Chemical') :: ['D-arginine']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The effects of @entity172 upon @entity5212 -induced @entity2359 were examined using in vitro superfusion. In Experiment 1, striatal tissue from ovariectomized @entity35 was infused with MPP+ (10 microM), a combination of MPP+ and @entity53 (300 nM), the same dose of @entity53 preceding @entity9016 +, or no treatment infusion. The effects of these treatments on @entity935 release rates during the infusion periods were determined. Infusion of MPP+ resulted in a significant increase in @entity935 release as compared to the control. @entity53 added to the MPP+ infusion significantly attenuated this @entity935 (DA) release, while @entity53 treatment preceding the MPP+ had no effect. In Experiment 2, three different doses of @entity53 (0.3, 3, or 300 nM) were infused simultaneously with the MPP+. Doses of @entity53 below 300 nM did not attenuate the DA release. In Experiment 3, @entity53 alone (300 nM) was infused, to determine @entity935 release rate effects of the hormone itself. There was no difference between @entity53 treated and non-infused control groups. These results demonstrate that the gonadal @entity134 hormone @entity53 can modulate responses of striatal @entity935 neurons to MPP+ by altering the immediate increase in @entity935 release which occurs in response to this neurotoxin. These modulating effects of @entity53 are dose-dependent, and represent a direct effect upon striatal neurons, most likely involving a non-genomic mechanism of action. These results implicate that hormonal modulation of nigrostriatal dopaminergic @entity2359 may represent an important variable responsible for the sex differences which are reported in @entity191 .

title: @entity172 as a neuromodulator of @entity5212 -induced @entity2359 : effects upon striatal XXXX release.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', '17beta-estradiol', 'Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Various radiation techniques and modalities have been used to treat @entity977 . This report details our experience with proton treatment of these @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-seven @entity1 with @entity977 treated with protons, who had at least 6 months of follow-up, were included in this analysis. Forty-two @entity1 underwent a prior surgical resection; 5 were treated with primary radiation. Approximately half the @entity5 were functional. The median dose was 54 cobalt-gray equivalent. RESULTS: Tumor stabilization occurred in all 41 @entity1 available for follow-up imaging; 10 @entity1 had no @entity41 , and 3 had greater than 50% reduction in @entity5 size. Seventeen @entity1 with functional @entity652 had normalized or decreased hormone levels; progression occurred in 3 @entity1 . Six @entity1 have died; 2 @entity204 were attributed to functional progression. Complications included @entity1315 in 1 @entity1 , new significant @entity227 in 3 @entity1 , and incident @entity4614 in 11 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Fractionated conformal proton-beam irradiation achieved effective radiologic, endocrinological, and symptomatic control of @entity977 . Significant morbidity was uncommon, with the exception of postradiation @entity4614 , which we attribute in part to concomitant risk factors for @entity4614 present in our @entity1 population.

title: Fractionated proton beam irradiation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficits']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe necrosis']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: Recent advances in treatment of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), such as new molecular therapies that use novel antiangiogenic agents, have led to revision of the most frequently used guideline to evaluate @entity5 response to therapy: Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1). Assessment of the response of metastatic @entity1358 to therapy has traditionally been based on changes in @entity75 size. However, the mechanism of action of newer antiangiogenic therapies is more cytostatic than cytotoxic, which leads to disease stabilization rather than to @entity5 regression. This change in @entity5 response makes RECIST 1.1--a system whose criteria are based exclusively on @entity5 size--inadequate to discriminate @entity1 with early @entity5 progression from those with more @entity74 and prolonged survival. New criteria such as changes in attenuation, morphology, and structure, as seen at contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (CT), are being incorporated into new classifications used to assess response of metastatic @entity1358 to antiangiogenic therapies. The new classifications provide better assessments of @entity5 response to the new therapies, but they have some limitations. The authors provide a practical review of these systems--the Choi, modified Choi, and Morphology, Attenuation, Size, and Structure (MASS) criteria--by explaining their differences and limitations that may influence the feasibility and reproducibility of these classifications. The authors review the use of multidetector CT in the detection of metastatic @entity1358 and the different appearances and locations of these lesions. They also provide an overview of the new antiangiogenic therapies and their mechanisms of action and a brief introduction to functional imaging techniques. Functional imaging techniques, especially dynamic contrast-enhanced CT, seem promising for assessing response of metastatic @entity1358 to treatment. Nonetheless, further studies are needed before functional imaging can be used in routine clinical practice.

title: XXXX : radiologic findings and assessment of response to targeted antiangiogenic therapy by using multidetector CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['RCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progression-free disease']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Phase II/III studies have shown XELOX to be as effective as FOLFOX in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 ( @entity14 ). The study was designed to evaluate the activity and tolerability of XELOX in @entity14 . In August 2002, we began a prospective study of XELOX as first-line therapy for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 . Twenty-two @entity1 were enrolled between November 2002 and August 2003 (series I). An interim analysis performed in August 2003 revealed that 32% of @entity1 required a dose reduction of @entity901 because of @entity137 . From August 2003 to April 2005, an additional 20 @entity1 were included (series II). This second group of @entity1 received @entity901 at a lower dose. @entity1 AND METHODS: The first 22 @entity1 (series I) included received @entity901 130 mg/m(2) on day 1 plus @entity416 2000 mg/m(2) daily on days 1-15 (3-week cycle). The second set of 20 @entity1 (series II) received @entity901 85 mg/m(2) on day 1; the dose of @entity416 and the frequency of administration were not modified. RESULTS: @entity1 characteristics were well balanced in the 2 series. Overall response (series I vs. II): 41% vs. 65%; median time to progression was similar: 10.51 vs. 10.92 (log-rank test, P = .79). Median survival was similar in the 2 series: 19.55 vs. 21.18 months (log-rank test, P = .61). Grade 3/4 @entity137 (series I vs. II): @entity1897 , 14% vs. 0 (P = .23). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with advanced @entity14 , in combination with @entity416 , @entity901 85 mg/m(2) is as effective with lower @entity137 when compared with @entity901 130 mg/m(2).

title: Two Doses of @entity901 with @entity416 (XELOX) in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of multiple intravenous (IV) doses of sifalimumab in adults with moderate-to-severe @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: In this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential dose-escalation study, @entity1 were randomized 3:1 to receive IV sifalimumab (0.3, 1.0, 3.0, or 10.0 mg/kg) or placebo every 2 weeks to week 26, then followed up for 24 weeks. Safety assessment included recording of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs. Pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and pharmacodynamics were evaluated, and disease activity was assessed. RESULTS: Of 161 @entity1 , 121 received sifalimumab (26 received 0.3 mg/kg; 25, 1.0 mg/kg; 27, 3.0 mg/kg; and 43, 10 mg/kg) and 40 received placebo. @entity1 were predominantly female (95.7%). At baseline, @entity1 had moderate-to-severe disease activity (mean @entity1252 Disease Activity Index score 11.0), and most (75.2%) had a high @entity3027 gene signature. In the sifalimumab group versus the placebo group, the incidence of >= 1 treatment-emergent AE was 92.6% versus 95.0%, >= 1 serious AE was 22.3% versus 27.5%, and >= 1 infection was 67.8% versus 62.5%; discontinuations due to AEs occurred in 9.1% versus 7.5%, and @entity204 occurred in 3.3% (n=4) versus 2.5% (n=1). Serum sifalimumab concentrations increased in a linear and dose-proportional manner. Inhibition of the type I @entity3027 gene signature was sustained during treatment in @entity1 with a high baseline signature. No statistically significant differences in clinical activity (SLEDAI and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group score) between sifalimumab and placebo were observed. However, when adjusted for excess burst @entity230 , SLEDAI change from baseline showed a positive trend over time. A trend toward normal @entity4417 or C4 level at week 26 was seen in the sifalimumab groups compared with baseline. CONCLUSION: The observed safety/tolerability and clinical activity profile of sifalimumab support its continued clinical development for @entity1252 .

title: Sifalimumab, a human anti-interferon-a monoclonal antibody, in XXXX : a phase I randomized, controlled, dose-escalation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['type I interferon (IFN)', 'IFN']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dynamic joint loading, particularly the external knee adduction moment (KAM), is an important surrogate measure for the medio-lateral distribution of force across the knee joint in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). Foot motion may alter the load on the medial tibiofemoral joint and hence affect the KAM. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between tibia, rearfoot and forefoot motion in the frontal and transverse planes and the KAM in @entity1 with medial compartment knee @entity571 . METHOD: Motion of the knee, tibia, rearfoot and forefoot and knee moments were evaluated in 32 @entity1 with clinically and radiographically-confirmed @entity571 , predominantly in the medial compartment. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the association between peak values of tibia, rearfoot and forefoot motion in the frontal and transverse planes and 1st peak KAM, 2nd peak KAM, and the knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI). RESULTS: Lateral tilt of the tibia was significantly associated with increased 1st peak KAM (r   =   0.60, p   <   0.001), 2nd peak KAM (r   =   0.67, p   =   0.001) and KAAI (r   =   0.82, p   =   0.001). Increased peak rearfoot eversion was significantly correlated with decreased 2nd peak KAM (r   =   0.59, p   <   0.001) and KAAI (r   =   0.50, p   =   0.004). Decreased rearfoot internal rotation was significantly associated with increased 2nd peak KAM (r   =   -0.44, p   =   0.01) and KAAI (r   =   -0.38, p   =   0.02), while decreased rearfoot internal rotation relative to the tibia was significantly associated with increased 2nd peak KAM (r   =   0.43, p   =   0.01). Significant negative correlations were found between peak forefoot eversion relative to the rearfoot and 2nd peak KAM (r   =   -0.53, p   =   0.002) and KAAI (r   =   -0.51, p   =   0.003) and between peak forefoot inversion and 2nd peak KAM (r   =   -0.54, p   =   0.001) and KAAI (r   =   -0.48, p   =   0.005). CONCLUSION: Increased rearfoot eversion, rearfoot internal rotation and forefoot inversion are associated with reduced knee adduction moments during the stance phase of gait, suggesting that medial knee joint loading is reduced in @entity1 with @entity571 who walk with greater foot pronation. These findings have implications for the design of load-modifying interventions in @entity1 with knee @entity571 .

title: Relationship between foot function and medial knee joint loading in XXXX with medial compartment @entity626 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: The @entity563 proteases released by activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils [NSPs (neutrophil @entity563 proteases)] contribute to a variety of @entity55 , including @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). They are therefore key targets for the development of efficient inhibitors. Although rodent models have contributed to our understanding of several diseases, we have previously shown that they are not appropriate for testing anti-NSP therapeutic strategies [Kalupov, Brillard-Bourdet, Dade, Serrano, Wartelle, Guyot, Juliano, Moreau, Belaaouaj and Gauthier (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284, 34084-34091). Thus NSPs must be characterized in an animal model that is much more likely to predict how therapies will act in @entity1 in order to develop protease inhibitors as drugs. The recently developed @entity55280 -/- ( @entity55280 is @entity1577 transmembrane conductance regulator) @entity1707 model is a promising alternative to the @entity19 model of @entity1577 [Rogers, Stoltz, Meyerholz, Ostedgaard, Rokhlina, Taft, Rogan, Pezzulo, Karp, Itani et al. (2008) Science 321, 1837-1841]. We have isolated blood neutrophils from healthy @entity1707 and determined their responses to the bacterial pathogens @entity796 and @entity794 , and the biochemical properties of their NSPs. We used confocal microscopy and antibodies directed against their @entity1 homologues to show that the three NSPs (elastase, protease 3 and @entity3921 ) are enzymatically active and present on the surface of triggered neutrophils and NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps). All of the porcine NSPs are effectively inhibited by @entity1 NSP inhibitors. We conclude that there is a close functional resemblance between porcine and @entity1 NSPs. The @entity1707 is therefore a suitable animal model for testing new NSP inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents in neutrophil-associated diseases such as @entity1577 .

title: The @entity1707 as a model for investigating the role of neutrophil XXXX proteases in @entity1 @entity55 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the effects of a mouthrinse containing essential oils (EO) on plaque and parameters of @entity32 . METHODS: The MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to and including December 2006 to identify appropriate studies. The primary outcome measure was @entity2522 . Secondary parameters were plaque and, when reported, staining. RESULTS: Independent screening of titles and abstracts of 566 papers resulted in 11 publications that met the criteria of eligibility. In all studies, EO was used as an adjunct to regular daily toothbrushing. A statistically significant reduction in overall @entity2522 was noted compared to the control ( @entity353 [ @entity353 ]: -0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.46 to -0.19, P <0.00001; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I(2) = 96.7%). For interproximal sites the use of the test mouthrinse resulted in significantly more @entity2522 reduction compared to control mouthrinse ( @entity353 : -0.29, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.11, P = 0.002; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I(2) = 95.18%), whereas no differences were observed compared to dental floss. With respect to plaque scores, EO produced significant overall reductions in plaque ( @entity353 : -0.83, 95% CI: -1.13 to -0.53, P <0.00001; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I(2) = 96.1%). Separate analysis for interproximal areas revealed that EO resulted in more pronounced plaque drops compared to the control mouthrinse ( @entity353 : -1.02, 95% CI: -1.44 to -0.60, P <0.00001; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I(2) = 96.1%) or the use of floss ( @entity353 : -0.75, 95% CI: -1.15 to -0.363, P <0.0002; test for heterogeneity: P <0.0002, I(2) = 93.0%). Most studies agreed that EO did not produce more staining than the control products. CONCLUSION: When used as an adjunct to unsupervised oral hygiene, EO provides an additional benefit with regard to plaque and @entity2522 reduction as compared to a placebo or control.

title: The long-term effect of a mouthrinse containing essential oils on dental plaque and XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingivitis']