abstract: Alternaria spp. are known to form a spectrum of secondary metabolites with @entity19709 ( @entity19710 ), @entity35725 ( @entity15516 ), @entity41544 (ALT) and @entity44929 (TA) as the major mycotoxins with respect to quantity. In the present study we investigated the contribution of these compounds for the DNA damaging properties of complex extracts of Alternaria spp. infested @entity579 . Five different Alternaria strains were cultured on @entity579 and analyzed for their production of @entity19710 , @entity15516 , ALT and TA. The extracts of two strains with distinctly different toxin profiles were selected for further toxicological analysis. An extract from A. alternata DSM 1102 infested @entity579 , found to contain predominantly TA, exhibited substantial DNA strand breaking properties in cultured @entity1 @entity694 cells in the comet assay, whereas TA as a single compound did not affect DNA integrity up to 200 M. An extract of A. alternata DSM 12633 infested @entity579 , containing in comparable proportions @entity19710 , @entity15516 and TA, exceeded by far the DNA damaging properties of the single compounds. In contrast to @entity19710 , @entity15516 and TA, both selected extracts induced an increase of DNA modifications sensitive to the bacterial repair enzyme @entity44930 DNA glycosylase (FPG) in the comet assay, indicative for oxidative DNA damage. @entity137 -guided fractionation of the DSM 12633 extract confirmed that these effects were not caused by @entity19710 , @entity15516 or TA. Taken together, the mycotoxins @entity19710 , @entity15516 and TA, representing the major mycotoxins with respect to quantity in A. alternata infested food, play only a subordinate role for the genotoxic properties of complex extracts and appear not to be involved in the induction of FPG sensitive sites.

title: Minor contribution of @entity19709 , @entity35725 and @entity44929 to the genotoxic properties of extracts from Alternaria alternata infested XXXX .

entities_list: @entity41544 :: ('MESH:C040005', 'Chemical') :: ['altenuene']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity35725 :: ('MESH:C018206', 'Chemical') :: ['alternariol monomethyl ether']

entities_list: @entity19709 :: ('MESH:C005197', 'Chemical') :: ['alternariol']

entities_list: @entity44929 :: ('MESH:D013720', 'Chemical') :: ['tenuazonic acid']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity44930 :: ('CHEBI:38339', 'Chemical') :: ['formamidopyrimidine']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior studies have suggested that blood transfusion (Tx) is associated with @entity1576 in @entity130 @entity1 . However, these studies are difficult to interpret because of small sample size, inclusion of severely injured @entity1 in @entity20736 , and combination of a variety of unrelated low-morbidity/mortality infections, such as wound, catheter-related, and @entity293 as outcomes. To eliminate these confounding variables, this study evaluates the association between delayed Tx and serious, well-defined respiratory complications ( @entity2489 [ @entity2489 ] and @entity649 [ @entity649 ]) and @entity204 in a cohort of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions with less severe (Injury Severity Score [ISS] < 25) blunt @entity130 who received no Tx within the initial 48 hours after admission. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1913 and ISS < 25 admitted to the ICU over a 7-year period were identified from the registry and excluded if within 48 hours from admission they received any Tx or if they died. @entity2489 required quantitative bronchoalveolar lavage culture (> or =10(5) colonies/mL), and @entity649 required Pao2/Fio2 ratio < 200 mm Hg, *** no congestive @entity712 , diffuse bilateral infiltrates, and peak airway pressure > 50 cm @entity2507 for diagnosis. Outcomes were @entity2489 , @entity649 , and @entity204 . RESULTS: Nine thousand one hundred twenty-six with @entity1913 were ICU admissions, and 5,260 (58%) met study criteria (72% male). Means for age, ISS, and Glasgow @entity772 Scale score were 39, 12, and 14, respectively. There were 778 (15%) who received delayed Tx. Incidences of @entity2489 , @entity649 , and @entity204 were 5%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis identified age, base excess, chest Abbreviated Injury Scale score, ISS, and any transfusion as significant predictors for @entity2489 ; chest Abbreviated Injury Scale score and transfusion as significant predictors for @entity649 ; and age and transfusion as significant predictors for @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Delayed transfusion is independently associated with @entity2489 , @entity649 , and @entity204 in @entity130 @entity1 regardless of injury severity. These data mandate a judicious transfusion policy after resuscitation and emphasize the need for safe and effective blood substitutes and transfusion alternatives.

title: Transfusions result in pulmonary morbidity and @entity204 after a moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['infectious and respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity20736 :: ('MESH:D012774', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic shock']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injury']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['degree of injury']


abstract: Electromyographical recordings from neck muscles reinnervated by the vagus nerve allowed monitoring of vagal output to the reticulo-rumen in conscious @entity742 . The vagus nerve was sectioned below the nodose ganglion and its central end anastomosed with the peripheral end of the spinal accessory nerve, which innervates the trapezius and mastoido-humeral muscles. Fifty-three vagal efferent units recorded were identified and classified into seven distinguishable types on the basis of their temporal relationship with @entity356 . With respect to their patterns of discharge during the primary cycles type I to type V units were similar to units of the corresponding types described by Iggo _ Leek (1967a) in anaesthetized @entity742 . Evidence for the hypothesis that each type of gastric unit innervates a distinct region of the reticulo-rumen is strongest for types I and IV. Type I units which exhibited a bimodal pattern of discharge closely associated with @entity1319 , are presumed to innervate the reticulum. Some of them, so-called Ib because of their second burst with a long tail and their activity during the secondary cycles, are considered to activate the zone of attachment of the reticulum to the rumen. Type IV units which were active during the ruminal contractions of both primary and secondary cycles are considered to innervate the dorsal rumen. Discharges in these gastric units were observed when @entity356 was partially or totally abolished after administering autonomic blocking drugs for each unit tested (n = 25). They consisted of (i) a shortening of intervals between the onset of two successive bursts, and (ii) an increase in the duration of discharge and the number of potentials in the efferent units. As the abolition of @entity356 led to a decrease of gastric afferent input, these results suggest that the gastric centres are under a permanent inhibitory influence from the afferent drive.

title: Vagal gastric efferent activity and its reflex changes in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric movements', 'gastric motility']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['reticular motility']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Food intake suppresses plasma levels of the gastric peptide ghrelin in @entity1 . We hypothesize that the food intake- suppression of ghrelin could be secondary to the plasma @entity413 and @entity2690 changes after a meal. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the administration of a combined pulse of @entity413 and @entity2690 to the effect of one meal on plasma ghrelin in @entity1 subjects. A secondary aim was to study the effect of an oral @entity413 load on ghrelin levels. METHODS: Experiment 1 (n = 10) studied plasma @entity413 , @entity2690 , leptin and ghrelin for 6 hours after a 790 kcal liquid meal. In Experiment 2 (n = 7), a subcutaneous pulse of @entity2690 (Humalog 0.03U/kg) and an I.V. infusion of @entity413 were administered in order to mimic the plasma changes of @entity413 and @entity2690 after a meal, and plasma ghrelin levels were monitored for 9 h. The OGTT data was used to study the effect of oral @entity413 on ghrelin. RESULTS: A mixed liquid meal decreased basal serum ghrelin by 26% at 40 minutes (p = 0.009). A 75 gr oral @entity413 load suppresses ghrelin by 28% at 30 minutes. Contrary to the meal effect, the parenteral administration of @entity2690 and @entity413 did not suppress serum ghrelin. CONCLUSION: Unlike food intake, the administration of @entity2690 and @entity413 does not suppress ghrelin levels. These data suggest that the suppressive effect of food intake or oral @entity413 on serum ghrelin is unlikely mediated by the changes of plasma @entity2690 and @entity413 observed after the ingestion.

title: @entity2690 , unlike food intake, does not suppress ghrelin in XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The formation of iliopsoas bursal @entity5409 after total hip arthroplasty is an infrequently reported condition. This article describes an unusual complication of a current-generation metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty.A @entity1 presented with unilateral spontaneous lower-limb swelling that developed 5 years postoperatively. It occurred secondary to @entity432 by a metallosis-induced iliopsoas @entity45 associated with markedly elevated intralesional @entity1953 and @entity3407 levels. Metal artifact reduction sequence magnetic resonance imaging showed that the @entity45 was communicating with the hip joint and that it severely compressed the common femoral vein. Based on the findings of high local tissue metal ions and vertical cup positioning causing edge loading, the authors proposed an inflammatory reaction to metal debris that tracked into the iliopsoas bursa and formed a cyst. The @entity1 underwent revision of the excessively vertical acetabular component and conversion to a ceramic-on-ceramic bearing interface, drainage of the @entity45 , and synovectomy. No signs existed of local recurrence at 1-year follow-up.To the authors' knowledge, the occurrence of metallosis-induced @entity2585 with secondary pressure effects after contemporary metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty has not been reported. When treating @entity572 , one must avoid maximizing cup-host bone contact at the risk of oververticalization. Iliopsoas bursal @entity5409 can lead to severe vascular compressive symptoms with no ominous radiographic findings. Physicians and orthopedic surgeons should be aware of the possibility of this complication in @entity1 with unexplained unilateral lower-limb swelling.

title: Metallosis-induced iliopsoas @entity45 causing XXXX and lower-limb swelling after metal-on-metal THA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['bursal cyst']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['iliopsoas bursitis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['venous obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relevance of climatic events as causative factors for @entity3081 is well known. However, examinations of the involvement of climatic factors in intracontinental disease distribution are still absent. OBJECTIVES: The spreading of @entity3081 may be related to the dominant wind direction over land. METHODS: We examined the geographic diffusion of three @entity3081 outbreaks through their linkage with the wind direction: a) the progress of @entity1838 O1 biotype El Tor in Africa during 1970-1971 and b) again in 2005-2006; and c) the rapid spread of @entity1838 O139 over India during 1992-1993. We also discuss the possible influence of the wind direction on windborn dissemination by flying insects, which may serve as vectors. RESULTS: Analysis of air pressure data at sea level and at several altitudes over Africa, India, and Bangladesh show a correspondence between the dominant wind direction and the intracontinental spread of @entity3081 . CONCLUSIONS: We explored the hypothesis that winds have assisted the progress of @entity3081 Vibrios throughout continents. The current analysis supports the hypothesis that aeroplankton (the tiny life forms that float in the air and that may be caught and carried upward by the wind, landing far from their origin) carry the @entity3081 bacteria from one body of water to an adjacent one. This finding may improve our understanding of how climatic factors are involved in the rapid distribution of new strains throughout a vast continental area. Awareness of the aerial transfer of @entity1838 may assist health authorities by improving the prediction of the disease's geographic dissemination.

title: Wind direction and its linkage with XXXX dissemination.

entities_list: @entity3081 :: ('MESH:D002771', 'Disease') :: ['cholera epidemics', 'cholera']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']


abstract: The benefits of high-throughput bioanalysis within the pharmaceutical industry are well established. One of the most significant bottlenecks in bioanalysis is transferring in vivo-generated study samples from their collection tubes during sample preparation and extraction. In most cases, the plasma samples must be stored frozen prior to analysis, and the freeze/thaw (F/T) process introduces thrombin clots that are capable of plugging pipets and automated liquid-transfer systems. A new approach to dealing with this problem involves the use of Ansys Captiva 96-well 20-microm @entity7502 filter plates to collect, store frozen, and filter plasma samples prior to bioanalysis. The samples are collected from the test subjects, and the corresponding plasma samples are placed directly into the wells of the filter plate. Two Duoseal (patent pending) covers are used to seal the top and bottom of the plate, and the plate is stored at down to -70 degrees C. Prior to sample analysis, the seals are removed and the plate is placed in a 96-well SPE manifold. As the plasma thaws, it passes (by gravity or mild vacuum) through the @entity7502 filter into a 96-well collection plate. A multichannel pipet or automated liquid-transfer system is used to transfer sample aliquots without fear of plugging. A significant advantage of this approach is that, unlike other methods, issues related to incomplete pipetting are virtually eliminated. The entire process is rapid since thawing and filtering take place simultaneously, and if a second F/T cycle is required for reanalysis, it is not necessary to refilter the samples (additional clotting was not observed after three F/T cycles). This technique was tested using monkey, @entity35 , and @entity235 plasma and @entity6950 and @entity1098 anticoagulants. To assess the possibility of nonspecific binding to the @entity7502 filter, a variety of drug candidates from diverse drug classes were studied. Validation data generated for two Lilly compounds from distinct classes, before and after filtering, are presented in this paper as practical examples of this technique. While LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 is the primary method of bioanalysis in our laboratory, the technique presented in this paper is applicable to other forms of detection as well.

title: Collection, storage, and filtration of in vivo study samples using 96-well filter plates to facilitate automated sample preparation and LC/ XXXX / @entity15 analysis.

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity6950 :: ('MESH:D006493', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium heparin']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: A retrospective cohort study was performed to assess risk factors, early clinical characteristics, and outcome of complications in @entity1 undergoing @entity384 . Of 178 @entity1 with @entity1318 or @entity9237 who underwent 236 dilations with a @entity384 , 16 @entity1 experienced a complication (9.0%). Nine major complications developed: perforations (4), hematemesis (2), fever (2), and angina (1). A prior @entity384 and use of inflation pressure > or = 11 PSI were independent risk factors by multivariate analysis for developing a complication. An esophagram immediately following the dilation identified three of the four perforations. Three postdilation findings were identified as indicators of @entity1 with an increased risk of having developed a perforation: blood on the dilator, @entity591 , and prolonged @entity662 lasting > 4 hr after dilation. In all @entity1 incurring a major complication, one of the three indicators, or the complication itself was recognized within 5 hr of dilation. All @entity1 with complications, including the four with perforation who received prompt surgical repair and esophagomyotomy, recovered uneventfully. The symptomatic relief of @entity1282 in @entity1 with perforation undergoing emergent surgical repair and esophagomyotomy was similar to @entity1 undergoing elective esophagomyotomy. CONCLUSIONS: (1) @entity384 is a safe treatment of @entity1318 , with a 1.7% risk of perforation. (2) The risk of developing a complication is increased by having had a previous @entity384 or by use of inflation pressures > or = 11 psi. (3) All @entity1 with a major complication were identified within 5 hr after dilation. (4) Complications following @entity384 , if recognized and treated promptly, were not associated with adverse, long-term sequelae.

title: Complications during @entity384 for @entity1318 or XXXX . Analysis of risk factors, early clinical characteristics, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Browne-McHardy dilator', 'Pneumatic dilation', 'pneumatic dilation']

entities_list: @entity9237 :: ('MESH:D015155', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse esophageal spasm']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity9237 :: (MESH:D015155,Disease) :: ['diffuse esophageal spasm']


abstract: Seventy-three @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 , whose disease progressed on hormonal therapy with @entity440 or @entity6239 , were treated with @entity6303 , 160 mg/day. No complete responses were observed. Partial response was achieved in 3 @entity1 (4%), for a median of 9 months (range 5-13). Thirty-five @entity1 (48%) remained stable, for a median of 8 months (3-26). The remaining 35 @entity1 (48%) had clear progression of their metastatic disease on therapy. Response to @entity6303 was achieved in @entity1 with @entity3 in bone and pleura only. There was no correlation between response to @entity6303 and response to prior chemotherapy, prior @entity440 therapy, previous treatment with @entity6239 , or @entity5282 status. The actuarial 24-month survival for all @entity1 was 37%. The main side effects of @entity6303 included @entity1017 (20% or over), @entity111 , elevation of blood pressure, weakness, and @entity3556 ; they were only occasionally observed. The objective improvement observed during this trial is disappointing; the only reasons to justify the use of @entity6303 as second- or third-line hormonal therapy in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 , would be the relatively long duration of disease stabilization in a large proportion of @entity1 , and the low @entity137 observed with the drug.

title: @entity6303 in advanced @entity0 after failure to XXXX and/or @entity6239 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: Carotid-to-radial pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 (cr)) has been proposed to evaluate endothelial function. However, the measurement of @entity122 (cr) is not without limitations. A new simple approach could have wide application. Stiffness index (SI) is obtained by analysis of the peripheral pulse wave and gives reproducible information about stiffness of large arteries. This study assessed the effects of @entity450 on SI and compared it with @entity122 (cr) in 14 healthy subjects. Both were measured at rest and during 8 minutes after @entity63 . SI temporal course was determined. At 1 minute, SI and @entity122 (cr) decreased (5.58    0.24 to 5.34    0.23   m/s, P < 0.05; 7.8    1.0 to 7.2    0.9   m/s; P < 0.05, resp.). SI was positively related to @entity122 (cr) in baseline (r = 0.62 , P < 0.05), at 1 minute (r = 0.79, P < 0.05), and during the whole experimental session (r = 0.52, P < 0.05). Conclusion. @entity450 significantly decreases SI in healthy subjects. SI was related to @entity122 (cr) and could be used to facilitate the evaluation of @entity450 -related changes in arterial stiffness.

title: XXXX -Related Changes in Arterial Stiffness: Comparison between Pulse Wave Velocity and Stiffness Index in the Vascular Reactivity Assessment.

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperemia', 'hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['Hyperemia']


abstract: The usefulness of microrecording guidance to adequately place @entity75 is not thoroughly accepted. We have analysed in 23 consecutive @entity191 @entity1 the deviation of the first recording track (FRT), which was directed to the theoretical stereotactic target, from the sensorimotor area of the internal pallidum, the internal capsule and the center of the lesion. Standard stereotactic co-ordinates were calculated applying a digitized @entity75 adapted to neuro-imaging techniques. The first recording track (FRT) was located out of the sensorimotor area of the pallidum in 13 cases and out of the internal pallidum in 11 cases. In four of these cases the FRT was within the fibers of the internal capsule. The FRT was displaced posteriorly in 9 @entity1 , anteriorly in 11, medially in 9 and laterally in 9. The mean deviation was 1.8 mm (+/- 1.5) in the medial-lateral axis, and 2.5 mm (+/- 1.9) in the antero-posterior plane. In none of the @entity1 the center of the lesion was co-incident with the theoretical anatomical target. The center of the lesion presented a mean deviation from the theoretical anatomical target of 1,4 mm (+/- 1,1) in the medial-lateral, plane, and 2.5 mm (+/- 1.3) in the antero-posterior plane. In addition, 8 @entity1 presented a deviation from the theoretical anatomical target of more than 3 mm in the antero-posterior plane (mean 4.2+/-0.7 mm) and 4 @entity1 presented deviation in the medial-lateral plane of more than 3 mm (mean 3,4+/-0,2 mm). Lesion location was checked by magnetic resonance imaging. All @entity1 improved to a similar extent to that previously reported by the other groups performing pallidotomy under neurophysiological guidance. At 3 months follow-up, pallidotomy ameliorated contralateral @entity2845 in the off condition by 41%, @entity2003 by 38%, @entity400 by 52% and @entity910 by 92%. No major side effects were noted. We conclude that microrecording guidance is a useful tool for avoiding damage to adjacent structures and to precisely localize the sensorimotor area of the internal pallidum in order to obtain optimal clinical results.

title: Contribution of neurophysiological guidance to stereotactic posteroventral pallidotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain atlas', 'pallidotomy lesions']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: In @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) tolerating 2-h infusions of 5mg/kg infliximab scheduled maintenance therapy, the infusion time can be shortened to 1-h with good tolerability. A retrospective study with small sample size demonstrated the feasibility of 1-hour infusion time for 10mg/kg infliximab in @entity29 @entity1 . METHODS: Between November 2011 and July 2012, 63 @entity1 received 1-hour 10mg/kg infliximab infusions under standard operating procedures and were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Intravenous @entity134 premedication was given to all @entity1 . RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity29 @entity1 on infliximab maintenance therapy (43 @entity30 , 34 males) received 1-hour 10mg/kg infusions during the study period. A total of 182 infliximab infusions were administered. Seventeen (26%) @entity1 were receiving concomitant immunomodulators. Two @entity1 experienced (2/182, 1%) severe acute infusion reactions consisting on a cutaneous lupus and one severe anaphylactic reaction. We also observed one (1/182, 0.5%) severe delayed reaction after the first 1-hour infliximab infusion consisting on acne generalis. @entity5953 reactions led to infliximab discontinuation. No mild acute reactions and 6 mild delayed reactions (6/182, 3%) occurred. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity29 receiving infliximab scheduled maintenance therapy, 1-hour infusion time for 10mg/kg infliximab seems to be well tolerated. This option might be considered in clinical practice in order to decrease the extra-burden of infliximab infusions in this @entity1 population.

title: Tolerability of one hour 10mg/kg infliximab infusions in XXXX : a prospective multicenter cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: To produce a gene-transfer model of @entity231 (ASC) using a replication-deficient, adenoviral vector containing active @entity641 . Establishment of this model will be important for further investigations of TGFbeta-induced signaling cascades in ASC. METHODS: Adenovirus containing the transgene for active @entity641 (AdTGFbeta1), @entity7791 (AdLacZ), green fluorescent protein (AdGFP) or no transgene (AdDL) was injected into the anterior chamber of C57Bl/6, @entity3078 WT and @entity3078 KO @entity19 . Four and 21 days after injection, animals were enucleated and eyes were processed and examined by routine histology. Immunolocalization of markers indicative of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), @entity82 , proliferation and apoptosis was also carried out. RESULTS: By day 4, treatment with AdLacZ demonstrated transgene expression in multiple structures of the anterior chamber including the lens epithelium. In contrast to AdDL, treatment with AdTGFbeta1 produced alphaSMA-positive subcapsular plaques in all three groups of @entity19 , which shared features reminiscent of @entity1 ASC. At day 21, plaques remained alphaSMA-positive and extensive extracellular matrix deposition was observed. The AdTGFbeta1 model was further employed in @entity3078 deficient @entity19 and this resulted in the development of small ASC. CONCLUSIONS: Gene transfer of active @entity641 using an adenoviral vector produced @entity231 plaques four days postinjection, which were found to develop independent of functional @entity3078 .

title: Adenoviral gene transfer of bioactive XXXX to the rodent eye as a novel model for anterior subcapsular @entity231 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['rodent anterior subcapsular cataracts', 'cataractous']

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['beta-galactosidase']

answer: @entity641 :: (21803(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TGFbeta1']


abstract: In order to determine the effects of @entity2226 supplementation or depletion on the morphological changes of pancreatic beta-cells in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 , Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 were fed the purified diets supplemented with 1, 2 or 3% @entity2226 or 5% @entity11057 in their drinking water for 7 weeks. After 3 weeks, @entity6 was induced by @entity3839 injection (50 mg/kg body-weight). Pancreatic morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The pancreatic beta-cell of the non- @entity6 (CO) group had the many secretory granules, rough endoplasmic reticulum and rod shaped mitochondria. However, the beta-cells of non @entity2226 -supplemented @entity6 (EO) group were severely damaged, showing depleted secretory granules. In the 1% @entity2226 -supplemented @entity6 group, the beta-cells were less damaged compared to the EO group and had some apparently normal secretory granules, but most of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria was destroyed. The beta-cell of 2% @entity2226 -supplemented @entity6 group had swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum, round-shaped mitochondria and some apparently normal secretory granules. The beta-cell of 3% @entity2226 -supplemented @entity6 group was little different from that of non- @entity6 group. The pancreatic beta-cell of @entity2226 -depleted @entity6 group was not destroyed but had many small secretory granules which appeared immature. This was reflected in the blood @entity413 concentrations of this group. Therefore, @entity2226 may prevent @entity1723 by protection of the pancreatic beta-cell and may also preserve normal secretory granules. From these results, @entity2226 supplementation may be recommended for prevention and treatment of @entity6 .

title: Effect of @entity2226 and @entity11057 on morphological changes of pancreas in @entity3839 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity11057 :: ('CHEBI:16958', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-alanine']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and severity of @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity3297 ( @entity3297 ) and to identify factors contributing to its variable expression. METHODS: Clinical data on @entity1 with @entity3297 were collected from several @entity3297 centers. @entity2362 gene deletions were confirmed in all @entity1 . Age at diagnosis, growth data, and cardiovascular diagnoses were recorded retrospectively. Cardiac diagnoses were made on the basis of echocardiographic data. The severity of @entity7196 was recorded by using a 4-step scale (none, mild, moderate, severe). RESULTS: Statistical analysis of the data revealed that the severity of both @entity65 was significantly greater in male @entity1 than female @entity1 (P <.002 and P <.002, respectively; Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test). This difference was not accounted for by differences in height, weight, body mass index, or head circumference. The clinical diagnosis of @entity3297 was made at a significantly younger age in male @entity1 (P <.01, Student t test). Earlier diagnosis was partly because of increased incidence and severity of @entity65 . Another determinant of early diagnosis was low body mass index. CONCLUSION: Penetrance and severity of the @entity2362 @entity4065 in @entity1 with @entity3297 is affected by sex. We hypothesize that differences by sex in arterial stenoses may be related to prenatal hormonal effects. Future epidemiologic and in vitro studies may provide additional insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of these observed differences.

title: Differences by sex in XXXX in @entity3297 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4065 :: ('MESH:C537440', 'Disease') :: ['arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity7196 :: ('MESH:D021921', 'Disease') :: ['supravalvular aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3297 :: ('MESH:D018980', 'Disease') :: ['Williams syndrome', 'WS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'supravalvular aortic stenosis and total cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: The subject of the paper was to assess the usefulness of ultrasound examination of preepiglottic space (Fig. 1) in @entity189 . Importance of oncological state of HTE space for the choice of treatment was presented. On the basis of 73 @entity1 having @entity5 with different location and progression (Tab. 1) USG, CT imaging and postoperative histopathological investigation were compared. USG investigation of HTE space was performed with ultrasonograph SSA-250 A (Toshiba) at the frequency of transducer 7.5 MHz. In this paper, the method of USG investigation of preepiglottic space was presented. CT examination of HTE space was performed with GE CT Max-640. On the basis of examinations in a group of 16 healthy @entity1 , characteristics of USG image of normal HTE space was established (Fig. 2). That provided a point of reference involving the assessment of USG image of HTE space in @entity1 with @entity5 (Fig. 3). Results of USG, CT (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) and postoperative histopathological examinations were compared. In 86% of cases agreement between USG and histopathological examinations was noted as was between USG and CT. Results of assessment of USG investigation were: sensitivity 90%, specificity 78%, efficiency 86%. Attention was focused on emphatic predisposition of @entity5 localized on subhyoid part of epiglottis to penetrate into HTE space. Among the cases with this localization of @entity5 , in 80% neoplastic infiltration was observed in histopathological investigation of HTE space. In this paper causes of false results were analysed. In USG 6 cases were false positive and 3 false negative. In CT 7 cases were false positive and 2 false negative. Reasons of difficulties in interpretation were: advanced @entity189 , short and thick neck, changes in neck spine. Established results have shown that USG investigation of preepiglottic space is valuable method and very useful in preoperative diagnosis in @entity5 . It properly helps to assess oncological state of HTE space. This method makes it possible to find even minor changes in HTE space (0.5 cm). It should be here added that the method is easily applicable, reproducible, and in comparison with CT much cheaper and safe with regard to health.

title: [Evaluation of the usefulness of ultrasonic examination of the pre-epiglottic space in XXXX with @entity189 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'cancer', 'laryngeal cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) endpoints often only weakly correlate. This analysis investigates how different progression events impact on @entity1349 , using data from two phase 3 studies with eribulin in women with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: In Study 301, 1102 women with <= 2 prior chemotherapies for advanced/ @entity0 were randomized to eribulin mesylate (1.4  mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 21  days) or @entity416 (1.25  g/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14 every 21  days). Study 305/EMBRACE enrolled 762 patients following two to five prior chemotherapies for advanced/ @entity0 , randomized to eribulin (as above) or treatment of physician's choice. We analyzed @entity1349 and PFS post hoc for patients whose disease progressed due to development of "new" @entity3 , growth of pre-existing lesions, and patients with no reported disease progression. RESULTS: In both clinical studies, development of new @entity3 was associated with an increased risk of @entity204 (p   <   0.0001). The time to development of new @entity3 or @entity204 was significantly longer with eribulin than the comparator in Study 305 (p   =   0.0017), but not in Study 301 (p   =   0.46). Significantly longer @entity1349 was observed in the eribulin compared with the comparator arm for the new @entity3 subgroup in Study 301 (p   =   0.008), but not in Study 305 (p   =   0.16), compared with other progression subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with @entity0 progressing with new @entity3 have a worse prognosis than those whose disease progresses due to growth of existing lesions or patients with no reported disease progression. These findings have potentially important implications for the interpretation of clinical study data and clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov registration IDs: Study 301: NCT00337103 ; Study 305: NCT00388726 .

title: "New" @entity3 are associated with a poorer prognosis than growth of pre-existing XXXX in patients with metastatic @entity0 treated with chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced/metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Rapidly absorbed oral dosage forms of @entity5018 using water-soluble gelatin (hydrolysate of common gelatin: mean mol. wt: 6000) have been studied and compared with tablets prepared with common gelatin (mean mol. wt: 100,000) and commercial tablets. Spray-dried and speed-kneaded powders, two types of granules and tablets were prepared with water-soluble gelatin. The in-vitro dissolution rates of water-soluble gelatin preparations were significantly faster than those of commercial tablets, whereas the tablets prepared using common gelatin had slower dissolution rates than commercial tablets. Water-soluble gelatin enhanced the dissolution rate of @entity5018 by improving the wettability of the drug particle surface by water, without any interaction in solution and the solid state. The absorption behaviour of various preparations was evaluated in four @entity235 . The peak concentration time (tmax) of the water-soluble gelatin preparations was significantly shorter than that of tablets prepared with common gelatin and commercial tablets. The maximum concentration (cmax) and the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUCo-10 h) were similar in all cases. The serum concentration profiles of water-soluble gelatin solid preparations were almost the same as those of the solutions. On the other hand, the profiles of the common gelatin tablets were similar to those of the commercial tablets. The mean absorption time (MAT) from water-soluble gelatin preparations was about 0.7 h, while the MAT from commercial tablets and common gelatin tablets was about 1.2 h. The differences in the MAT of water-soluble gelatin preparations and commercial tablets or common gelatin tablets were the same as the differences in @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) in gastrointestinal fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Rapidly absorbed solid oral formulations of XXXX using water-soluble gelatin.

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['MDT', 'mean dissolution time']

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: @entity170 is characterized by a reduction in @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Dietary patterns that encourage adequate @entity460 intake are essential to maximal development and later maintenance of bone mass. The majority of white @entity1 are at risk for @entity170 -related @entity174 , especially in the wrist, spine, and hip. The degree of @entity174 risk at a specific bone site is best assessed by measuring @entity79 with single- or x-ray-photon absorptiometry. @entity79 in adults of any age is quite variable. Numerous diet and lifestyle factors influence @entity79 and, in turn, @entity174 risk. Sufficient evidence exists for a relationship between @entity79 and diet, particularly @entity460 and @entity560 ; @entity2588 ; body weight; @entity988 ; smoking; and physical inactivity. Less convincing evidence exists for a relationship with dietary protein, dietary @entity3151 , and @entity5834 intake. To minimize @entity174 risk, young @entity1 should have regular menses, consume a nutritionally adequate diet (according to the principles of the Food Guide Pyramid), perform regular physical activity, only consume a moderate intake of @entity167 (if any), and not smoke. Postmenopausal @entity1 should follow those same guidelines and should seriously consider @entity172 replacement therapy. Elderly @entity1 especially should ensure adequate @entity460 and @entity560 nutriture. Currently, @entity170 is the rule, rather than the exception, in old age for many white @entity1 . Dietitians can help reduce the prevalence of this disorder.

title: Putting XXXX in perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: The reactivity of the anti- @entity4755 monoclonal antibody was tested in 39 neoplastic and nonneoplastic thyroid tissue specimens. These included eight @entity5651 , 14 @entity652 , nine @entity1377 , @entity189 , two @entity189 , and one metastatic @entity189 in bone. We observed strong cytoplasmic and/or cell membrane positivity in all follicular and @entity1377 , in both primary and @entity3 . @entity259 tested were negative. We also observed weak and only occasional staining with anti- @entity4755 antibody in @entity5651 and @entity652 . The staining in the benign thyroid lesions was usually focal, less than 10% of the cells; however, in cases of follicular and @entity1377 , both in primary and @entity3 , the staining was diffuse and strong. Some of the colloid material in @entity5651 and @entity652 showed faint homogenous staining with anti- @entity4755 antibody. Our findings suggest that anti- @entity4755 monoclonal antibody is a marker that may facilitate the differentiation between benign and @entity1374 , with the exception of @entity189 . In addition, caution should be taken when using this antibody to diagnose metastatic lesions, as other @entity189 have also been reported to be positive. This antibody should be used in conjunction with a panel of antisera to complement a morphologic diagnosis.

title: Distribution of @entity4755 ( XXXX ) in @entity259 : its usefulness as a diagnostic marker for follicular and @entity1377 .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinomas', 'medullary carcinoma', 'follicular carcinoma', 'five follicular carcinomas', 'medullary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['colloid goiters', 'colloid goiter']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['follicular adenomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['However, the medullary thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['malignant thyroid lesions']

answer: @entity4755 :: (27087,Gene) :: ['HNK-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 size affects the choice of surgical procedure and @entity1 prognosis. It is standardly assessed as the largest unidimensional measurement and, for @entity66 , as the largest size of the largest focus. We examine some different methods of assessing @entity5 size: the standard method; the sum of the largest sizes for all foci; surface area; and volume. METHODS: Data for a cohort of 678 primary @entity0 @entity1 accrued from 1971 to 1990 were updated to 1996; there were 571 @entity1 with unifocal disease and 107 @entity1 with @entity66 . We used step-wise Cox regression to investigate the effects on time to death of the prognostic factors @entity5 size (estimated in one of the four ways), age, nodal status, ER, @entity7273 , adjuvant radiotherapy, adjuvant hormonal therapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy. We also examined the association between @entity5 focality and nodal status. RESULTS: For all @entity1 , @entity5 size was included in the multivariate model, regardless of estimation method. For @entity1 with @entity66 , @entity5 size was included in the final model only when it was estimated as the total surface area (P = .03) or volume (P = .01) of the foci. More multifocal @entity1 were N+ (P = .056). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity66 , the significance association with mortality for total surface area or volume may imply a biologic relevance or mode of @entity5 activity for the foci.

title: Assessment of XXXX size for multifocal primary @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A prospective phase II study was conducted to assess the clinical activity and tolerability of @entity901 , @entity416 , and radiotherapy (RT) for neoadjuvant therapy of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed stages II-III (T3-T4 and/or N+) resectable @entity420 were eligible. @entity416 was administered at 825  mg/m(2) twice daily for 5  days/week and @entity901 at 50  mg/m(2) on day 1 weekly for 5  weeks starting the first day of RT (before RT). RT consisted of a total dose of 45  Gy delivered in 25 fractions of 1.8  Gy, 5  days per week, for 5  weeks. RESULTS: A total of 46 @entity1 were included (35 male, 10 female, median age 62  years). TNM Stage was T3 in 43 @entity1 and T4 in 2. Twenty-eight @entity1 had suspected nodal involvement. The intended chemoradiation treatment was completed in 94  % @entity1 . Grade 3/4 @entity137 included @entity2905 (6 @entity1 ), @entity294 (4 @entity1 ), emesis (2 @entity1 ), @entity1395 (3 @entity1 ), @entity448 (1 @entity1 ), and @entity99 (1 @entity1 ). Grade 1 @entity2359 occurred in 18 @entity1 , Grade 2 @entity2359 in 3, and Grade 1 @entity8566 in 2. Forty-two @entity1 underwent surgery (complete resection 95  %, sphincter-saving operation 55  %). The overall pathologic response rate was 83  %, with a pathologic complete response (pCR) rate of 11.9  % (95  % CI 4.0-25.6). CONCLUSIONS: The pCR rate observed with @entity901 plus @entity416 and RT did not reach the pre-specified criteria of efficacy in this trial, which is in line with recent results of randomized phase III trials.

title: Phase II study of preoperative radiotherapy and concomitant weekly intravenous @entity901 combined with oral @entity416 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stages II-III rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stages II-III rectal cancer']


abstract: During @entity4802 ( @entity4802 ), an important phase of the treatment is elongation of the @entity2150 mandible, mainly the ramus, at an early stage. Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity4802 were treated with distraction osteogenesis: 12 with an extraoral device (10 unidirectional and 2 multidirectional) and 10 with an intraoral device. The mean elongation with the extraoral device was 21 mm, and with the intraoral device was 17 mm, resulting in a more symmetrical facial appearance. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are presented, based on the authors' experience and a review of the literature. The extraoral device permits elongation of a greater distance, enables extraoral control of the vector of elongation, and conserves the gonial angle by working in many directions. The main disadvantages of the extraoral device are the social inconvenience to the @entity1 and the extraoral cutaneous scars. Conversely, the intraoral device is much more socially convenient to the @entity1 and avoids residual scarring. However, in 2 @entity1 treated with an intraoral device, an undesired contralateral open bite appeared as a result of reduced vector control. The intraoral method should always be considered first because of its previously mentioned advantages. However, in severely @entity2150 @entity1 , when three-dimensional correction and gonial angle control are necessary, or when there is a limited space along the planned distracted bone, the extraoral device has an advantage over the intraoral device.

title: Extraoral vs. intraoral distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic']

entities_list: @entity4802 :: ('MESH:D006053', 'Disease') :: ['HFM', 'HMF', 'hemifacial microsomia']

answer: @entity4802 :: (MESH:D006053,Disease) :: ['hemifacial microsomia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity14749 ( @entity14749 ) is a @entity74 caused by prions and characterized by mutations in the gene of the @entity3669 . Its clinical, neuropathological and biomolecular properties make this a distinctive and @entity74 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied the clinical and laboratory findings of 14 @entity1 belonging to three Italian and two French families. The genetic analysis done on all @entity1 showed a mutation of codon 178 and polymorphism of codon 129 in both mutant and non-mutant alleles. RESULTS: The signs and symptoms at the start of the disease were: changes in the sleeping-waking cycle, oniric episodes and frequent waking, @entity8053 , @entity74 and @entity323 in @entity1 , transitory @entity892 and @entity4653 , @entity2915 and myoclonias not associated with electroenchephalographic activity. The middle stages of the illness were associated with worsening of the oniric state, @entity8053 , @entity4653 and @entity1282 and the presence of @entity74 . Finally the @entity1 dies suddenly, either fully awake or following a final @entity772 state. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14749 , a disorder caused by prions, is a worrying illness. It is characterized by severe alteration in the sleep-waking cycle and other autonomic and endocrine circadian functions. It is still necessary to discover a treatment for this dramatic, invariably fatal disease, although considerable progress has been made since it was first described barely ten years ago.

title: [ XXXX : clinical, laboratory and pathological features].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['osteotendinous hyper-reflexia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease', 'worrying disorder', 'sphincter disorders', 'pyramidal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity8053 :: ('MESH:D054969', 'Disease') :: ['dysautonomia']

entities_list: @entity14749 :: ('MESH:D034062', 'Disease') :: ['Fatal familial insomnia', 'FFI']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity14749 :: (MESH:D034062,Disease) :: ['Fatal familial insomnia']


abstract: Objectives. To assess the clinical features and local control (LC) outcomes in adult @entity1 with localized @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ). Methods. The records of 102 @entity2828 @entity1 with @entity66 >= 18   years of age seen from 1977 to 2007 were reviewed. Factors relevant to prognosis, survival, and LC were analyzed. Results. The 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and event-free survival (EFS) were 60% and 52%, respectively, for the entire cohort. Treatment era (1977-1992 versus 1993-2007) remained an independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 on multivariate analysis, with improved outcomes observed in the 1993-2007 era (P = 0.02). The 5-year @entity1349 and EFS for the 1993-2007 era were 73% and 60%, respectively. @entity1260 and @entity2879 based chemotherapy and surgery were more routinely used in the 1993-2007 era (P < 0.01). The 5-year local failure rate (LFR) was 14%, with a 5-year LFR of 18% for surgery, 33% for radiation, and 0% for combined surgery and radiation in the 1993-2007 era (P = 0.17). Conclusion. Modern survival outcomes for adults with localized @entity2828 are similar to multi-institutional results in @entity1 . This improvement over time is associated with treatment intensification with chemotherapy and increased use of surgery. Aggressive LC (combined surgery and radiation) may improve outcomes in poor prognosis @entity1 .

title: Adult ewing sarcoma: survival and local control outcomes in 102 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'Ewing Sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['localized disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity25323 ( @entity25323 )-producing @entity526 , particularly those producing @entity3525 -M types of @entity25323 , are emerging pathogens. @entity2259 caused by these organisms represents a clinical challenge, because the organisms are frequently resistant to the antimicrobials recommended for treatment of @entity1 with suspected @entity526 @entity295 . METHODS: A cohort study was performed that included all episodes of @entity281 due to @entity25323 -producing @entity526 during the period from January 2001 through March 2005. Data on predisposing factors, clinical presentation, and outcome were collected. ESBLs were characterized using isoelectric focusing, polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing. RESULTS: Forty-three episodes (8.8% of cases of @entity2259 due to @entity526 ) were included; 70% of the isolates produced a @entity3525 -M type of @entity25323 . The most frequent origins of infection were the urinary (46%) and biliary tracts (21%). Acquisition was nosocomial in 21 cases (49%), health care associated in 14 cases (32%), and strictly community acquired in 8 cases (19%). Thirty-eight percent and 25% of @entity1 had obstructive diseases of the urinary and biliary tracts, respectively, and 38% had recently received antimicrobials. Nine @entity1 (21%) died. Compared with @entity3405 /beta-lactamase-inhibitor and @entity2893 -based regimens, empirical therapy with @entity2886 or @entity2887 was associated with a higher mortality rate (9% vs. 35%; P=.05) and needed to be changed more frequently (24% vs. 78%; P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity25323 -producing @entity526 is a significant cause of @entity281 in hospitalized and nonhospitalized @entity1 in the context of the emergence of @entity3525 -M enzymes. Empirical treatment of @entity295 potentially caused by @entity526 may need to be reconsidered in areas where such @entity25323 -producing isolates are present.

title: XXXX due to extended-spectrum beta -lactamase-producing @entity526 in the @entity3525 -M era: a new clinical challenge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity25323 :: ('13906541', 'Gene') :: ['ESBL', 'Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Bacteremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The results of trials of the primary prevention of @entity301 have suggested that treating @entity101 with high doses of @entity2740 diuretic drugs might increase the risk of @entity944 from cardiac causes. In contrast, treatment with low doses of @entity2740 reduces the risk of @entity301 . METHODS: To examine the association between @entity2740 treatment for @entity101 and the occurrence of primary @entity1167 , we conducted a population-based case-control study among enrollees of a health maintenance organization. The case @entity1 were 114 @entity1 with @entity101 who had a primary @entity1167 from 1977 through 1990. The control @entity1 were a stratified random sample of 535 @entity1 with @entity101 . The @entity1 ' treatment was assessed with the use of a computerized pharmacy data base. Records of their ambulatory care were reviewed to determine other clinical characteristics. RESULTS: The risk of primary @entity1167 among @entity1 receiving combined @entity2740 and @entity972 -sparing diuretic therapy was lower than that among @entity1 treated with a @entity2740 without @entity972 -sparing therapy (odds ratio, 0.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.1 to 0.7). As compared with low-dose @entity2740 therapy (25 mg daily), moderate-dose therapy (50 mg daily) was associated with a moderate increase in risk (odds ratio, 1.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.7 to 4.5), and high-dose therapy (100 mg daily) was associated with a larger increase in risk (odds ratio, 3.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 10.8) (P value for trend, 0.02). The addition of a @entity972 -sparing drug to low-dose @entity2740 therapy was associated with a reduced risk of @entity1167 (odds ratio, 0.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.1 to 1.5). CONCLUSIONS: Both the dose of @entity2740 drugs and the addition of @entity972 -sparing drugs influence the risk of primary @entity1167 . These results may explain the differences in the effect of antihypertensive therapy on mortality from @entity301 in previous clinical trials.

title: Diuretic therapy for @entity101 and the risk of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A single-nucleotide polymorphism (Gly460Trp) within the alpha-adducin gene ( @entity1404 ) may influence several renal phenotypes, including salt sensitivity, susceptibility to @entity177 , the renal haemodynamics and confer a worse cardiovascular risks profile. However, its relationship with microalbuminuria, a marker of early @entity8 and an independent predictor of morbid events in @entity101 , is unknown. For this reason, we related the @entity1404 genetic polymorphism to urine albumin levels and other clinical variables in essential @entity101 @entity1 . The @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) insertion/deletion (ID) polymorphism was also evaluated because of its interactive potential with the @entity1404 genotype. METHODS: @entity633 (three overnight collections), echocardiographic left ventricular mass index, blood pressure, body mass index, renal function, @entity413 and lipids were measured in 238 genetically unrelated, never treated, uncomplicated Caucasian essential @entity101 @entity1 . Polymerase chain reaction or a 5' nuclease assay were used to characterize the @entity1289 ID and @entity1404 Gly460Trp variants, respectively. RESULTS: Microalbuminuria ( @entity633 >or= 15 microg/min) was more frequent in @entity1 with the @entity1289 DD variant, but only in those with a @entity1404 Gly460Gly background. In contrast, urine albumin did not differ by @entity1289 ID genotype in the presence of mutated @entity1404 Trp alleles. @entity1404 polymorphisms per se were not associated with @entity633 . Cardiovascular, renal, metabolic parameters were homogeneously distributed among different genetic backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1289 DD and @entity1404 Gly460Gly polymorphisms may jointly influence @entity633 in @entity101 @entity1 , 460Gly homozygosis facilitating or, possibly, the 460Trp allele mitigating the noxious renal impact of the @entity1289 DD genotype. The data highlight further the complex pathophysiological implications of microalbuminuria in @entity101 .

title: Alpha-adducin and @entity1289 polymorphisms in @entity101 : evidence for a joint influence on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and cardiovascular damage']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and extent of vaginal and perineal @entity130 among primiparous @entity1 after mediolateral and @entity5251 . METHODS: In a prospective randomized study at University Hospital Pilsen, Czech Republic, 790 consecutive primiparous @entity1 were enrolled between April 2010 and April 2012. Mediolateral episiotomy (MLE) followed an angle of at least 60   from the midline. @entity5251 ( @entity5251 ) started 1-2 cm laterally from the midline and was directed toward the ischial tuberosity. A rectal examination was performed before episiotomy repair. RESULTS: MLE was performed for 390 @entity1 , and @entity5251 for 400. The groups did not differ in maternal or neonatal characteristics. No difference was found in incidence or extent of vaginal and perineal @entity130 ; or in additional perineal (1.8% vs 1.5%, P=0.6) or vaginal (8.5% vs 10.6%, P=0.2) @entity130 continuing along the episiotomy incision. The incidence of @entity130 did not differ between MLE and @entity5251 (1.5% vs 1.3%, P=0.7). MLE was associated with shorter repair times (P<0.05), less suturing material (P<0.05), and shorter distances from the anus (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Risk of additional vaginal and perineal @entity130 , and @entity130 after adequately performed mediolateral episiotomy is relatively low and corresponds to that of @entity5251 .

title: Clinical evaluation of peripartum outcomes of mediolateral versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['Lateral episiotomy', 'lateral episiotomy', 'LE']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['anal sphincter injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity5251 :: (MESH:D010509,Disease) :: ['lateral episiotomy']


abstract: @entity13785 is a @entity2315 caused by deficiency in the enzyme acid a-glucosidase ( @entity12190 ). @entity13785 is characterized by the accumulation of glycogen, predominantly in muscle tissue, leading to progressive @entity425 , @entity393 , respiratory, and, in the @entity49896 form, cardiac function. Disease progression is highly variable depending on phenotype, but @entity204 due to @entity1576 occurs in most @entity1 . Beginning in 2006, approved alglucosidase alfa enzyme replacement therapies [recombinant @entity1 (rh) @entity12190 ] have been available to treat Pompe @entity1 . Treatment of classic @entity49896 @entity1 , who manifest the severest form of the disease, with alglucosidase alfa (Myozyme  ) has led to extended survival and an evolving understanding of the pathophysiology and course of the disease. Moreover, such treatment has brought to light the role of the immune response in abrogating the efficacy of rhGAA in classic @entity49896 @entity1 with severe genetic mutations. Thus, optimization of treatment for such @entity1 includes development and utilization of strategies to prevent or eliminate immune responses, including modulating the immune system (prophylactic and therapeutic immune tolerance induction regimens) and engineering the enzyme to be less immunogenic and more effective. Future research is also critical for evaluating and mitigating novel disease-associated pathologies uncovered by prolonged survival of @entity49896 @entity1 including development of novel therapeutics, and for protein design strategies to increase delivery of enzyme replacement therapy to critical target tissues. Such efforts would be greatly bolstered by further development of predictive animal models and biomarkers to facilitate clinical trials and @entity1 management. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

title: The role of immune tolerance induction in restoration of the efficacy of ERT in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['Pompe disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity49896 :: ('MESH:C535523', 'Disease') :: ['infantile-onset']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of motor']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

answer: @entity13785 :: (MESH:D006009,Disease) :: ['Pompe disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Invasive @entity364 are found most frequently in immunosuppressed and critically ill hospitalized patients. Antifungal therapy is often required for long periods. Safety data from the clinical development program of the @entity10998 antifungal agent, @entity7143 , were analyzed. METHODS: A total of 428 @entity1 with refractory invasive @entity364 (n = 362) or @entity1398 (n = 66) received @entity7143 in 2 phase II/III open-label clinical trials. Also, 109 of these @entity1 received @entity7143 therapy for > or = 6 months. Incidences of treatment-emergent, treatment-related, and serious adverse events and abnormal laboratory parameters were recorded during these studies. RESULTS: Treatment-emergent, treatment-related adverse events were reported in 38% of the overall @entity1 population. The most common treatment-related adverse events were @entity390 (8%) and @entity391 (6%). Treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in 8% of @entity1 . Low rates of treatment-related @entity1162 (1%) and elevation of hepatic enzymes (2%) were reported as adverse events. Treatment-emergent, treatment-related adverse events occurred at similar rates in @entity1 who received @entity7143 therapy for < 6 months and > or = 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged @entity7143 treatment was associated with a generally favorable safety profile in seriously ill @entity1 with refractory invasive @entity364 . Long-term therapy did not increase the risk of any individual adverse event, and no unique adverse event was observed with longer exposure to @entity7143 .

title: Safety of long-term oral @entity7143 use in the treatment of refractory invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['corrected QT interval and/or QT interval prolongation']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is not always easy on simple @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) stain. The diagnostic problems arise when @entity5 shows pseudoglandular, pleomorphic or clear cell differentiation. Various @entity5 markers have been described with varying sensitivity and specificity. Monoclonal antibody Hep @entity16400 (OCH1E5) which is specific for hepatocytes offers great help in separation of these @entity5 . The aim of the present study was to determine utility of Hep @entity16400 (OCH1E5) in differentiating @entity157 from @entity3 and @entity201 . Total of 62 cases of @entity96 obtained from biopsies, resected or autopsy specimens were included in the study. Slides having representative sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody Hep @entity16400 (Dako Corp) using avidin @entity1885 technique with primary antibody dilution of 1:40. Adjacent nontumorous hepatocytes were taken as positive control. Slides were examined by experienced pathologist without any information of clinical or H_E diagnosis. Cases were considered positive for Hep @entity16400 if @entity5 cells showed cytoplasmic brown colored granules. The intensity and distribution (diffuse/ focal) of immunoreactivity was noted. Subsequently immunohistochemistry results were correlated with histology and clinical diagnosis. Hep @entity16400 antibody was positive in 26 (42 %) and negative in 36 (58 %) @entity96 . On correlating with H_E sections, out of 26 positive cases, 25 (89.2%) were @entity157 and one was the case of @entity3 of mucin secreting @entity420 . From 36 @entity5 with negative staining 3 were cases of @entity157 , 27 metastatic @entity420 and 6 @entity201 . Only one case of liver @entity3 of mucin secreting @entity420 showed positivity. None of the cases of @entity201 showed positivity for Hep @entity16400 . The three HCCs which did not take up staining for Hep @entity16400 were 2 cases of moderately differentiated @entity157 having pseudoglandular pattern and a case of well differentiated @entity157 with trabecular arrangement. In 11(44%) cases staining was diffuse while in 14 (56%) it was focal but intense. Hep @entity16400 is a useful marker in differentiating @entity157 from metastaic @entity5 and @entity201 with sensitivity and specificity of 89 % and 97 % respectively and positive predictive value of 96 %. However one should be aware of limitations of immunohistochemistry.

title: Utilization of antihepatocyte clone OCH1E5 (Hep @entity16400 ) in histological evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinomas', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Self-administered questionnaires are frequently used in studies of hospitalized physically ill @entity1 to identify and measure psychiatric morbidity. This study examines the validity of some commonly used questionnaires in this context. METHOD: One hundred and seventy-nine @entity1 in a general hospital completed the GHQ, HAD, BDI and STAI and were interviewed using the SCID-R. The findings were evaluated against DSM-III-R diagnoses using the QROC curve. RESULTS: Thirty-eight percent of @entity1 obtained one or more DSM-III-R diagnoses; 25 percent @entity1316 , 12 percent @entity148 , 11 percent @entity734 or dependence, 2 percent a somatic syndrome. Eleven percent had more than one diagnosis. As screening instruments for general psychiatric morbidity there were no statistically significant differences between versions of the GHQ and the HAD. With respect to identifying @entity308 , the GHQ tended to perform better than the other instruments. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaires identified general morbidity and @entity308 satisfactorily but @entity148 and @entity734 and @entity734 poorly. The results also support the notion that the DSM-III-R classification has a number of deficiencies when used in this population.

title: A comparative study of screening instruments for mental disorders in general hospital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse', 'dependence syndromes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the performance differences in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) between 55 @entity1 with @entity6658 ( @entity6658 ) 3 months after @entity64 and 69 age-matched normal controls. Impairment on WCST was defined as performance greater than 1.64 standard deviation below the control mean. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) controlling for education yielded a significant main effect for group but not for education and interaction of group x education. Univariate analyses revealed significant between-group differences in five WCST measures, including @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ), perseverative responses (PR), conceptual-level responses (CLR), number of categories completed (NCC), and trials to complete the first category (TCC). For @entity1 with @entity6658 , z-scores for two WCST indices were within the impaired range: TCC and PR. A high percentage of @entity1 (40-47%) scored in the designated impaired range on NCC, PR, @entity2246 , and TCC. The WCST variables discriminated @entity1 from controls with an overall accurate classification rate of 91.9%. Of these, the variables that contributed most to the differentiation between @entity1 and normal controls were @entity2246 , CLR, and total number correct (TNC) (a standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient > 0.40). Finally, no significant hemispheric laterality effects emerged on any of the WCST variables. The results of this study provide further evidence of impaired mental set shifting in @entity64 @entity1 with @entity6658 . The implications for rehabilitation professionals are discussed, and recommendations for further research are made.

title: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance after putaminal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6658 :: ('MESH:D020146', 'Disease') :: ['PH', 'putaminal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['perseverative errors', 'PE']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether @entity1 -measured home blood pressures alone can be used to manage @entity101 in adults 65 years and older. METHODS: 40 @entity101 @entity1 and @entity1 , average age 73 +/- 6 years, were randomly assigned to one of two treatment decision groups. The 'home' group (N = 20) had blood pressure managed and medication changed according to measurements taken by the @entity1 at home with the Omron HEM-702 semi-automatic oscillometric digital blood pressure monitor and the 'clinic' group (N = 20) had medication adjusted based upon readings taken by the project nurse in the clinic. In both groups, treated @entity101 had medications adjusted downward, while untreated @entity101 were started on a diuretic and/or @entity1289 inhibitor and adjustments were made upward. To assess the efficacy of the home measurements as a means of @entity101 management, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure averages, quality of life (From the QOL SF-36), and dosage of antihypertensive medications were compared between the home and clinic groups over a three-month period. RESULTS: At baseline, the 'home' group had slightly higher ambulatory awake and sleep blood pressure than the 'clinic' group. At 3 months, the average awake and sleep ambulatory blood pressure for the 'home' group decreased to the level of the 'clinic' group. Values of the 'clinic' group did not change. In both groups, pressures of previously treated @entity1 increased over the 3 months, while those that were previously untreated declined. However, this difference, to some extent, might be expected because the acceptable limit of pressure control (150 / 90 mmHg) was higher than many of the @entity1 on medications; thus, their pressures could increase and still be considered controlled. Those @entity1 who were previously untreated had their pressures decreased only to this level. The nurse-measured clinic blood pressures for the 'home' group began higher than that of the 'clinic' group and remained higher at the end of the study. Average home pressures of the 'home' group were consistently lower than nurse-measured clinic pressures over the 3-month study period, indicating a persistent 'white coat' effect. Both groups had similar changes in total quality of life scores. Decrease/discontinuance of antihypertensive medication was also achieved equally in both groups at the end of 3 months. CONCLUSION: Home blood pressure monitoring alone may be as useful as clinic measurements for making treatment decisions in the elderly.

title: Management of XXXX in the elderly using home blood pressures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity299 damages the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Irreversible blockade of electron transport at complex I by @entity3788 @entity2806 to cardiac mitochondria by decreasing the loss of cytochrome c and preserving respiration through cytochrome oxidase. Therapeutic intervention to protect myocardium during @entity63 and reperfusion requires the use of a reversible inhibitor that allows resumption of oxidative metabolism during reperfusion. @entity20611 is a reversible inhibitor at the @entity3788 site of complex I. We asked whether @entity20611 administered immediately before @entity63 protected respiratory function. Isolated @entity35 hearts were perfused for 15 min followed by 25-min global @entity63 at 37 degrees C. @entity20611 -treated hearts received drug for 1 min before @entity63 . Subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar (IFM) populations of mitochondria were isolated after @entity63 , and oxidative phosphorylation was measured. @entity20611 protected oxidative phosphorylation, including through cytochrome oxidase, in both SSM and IFM in a dose-dependent manner, with an optimal dose of 2 to 2.5 mM. @entity20611 also preserved cytochrome c content in both SSM and IFM. Thus, reversible blockade of the electron transport chain during @entity63 protects mitochondrial respiration.

title: Blockade of electron transport before @entity299 with the reversible inhibitor XXXX protects @entity35 heart mitochondria.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['decreases ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity20611 :: ('MESH:D000654', 'Chemical') :: ['amobarbital', 'Amobarbital']

answer: @entity20611 :: (MESH:D000654,Chemical) :: ['amobarbital']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that @entity5 could be detected in @entity1 with @entity64 without active @entity5 when they showed the distinctive characteristics of @entity5 . METHODS AND FINDINGS: Among 2,562 consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity385 , @entity1 with @entity64 were analyzed and categorized into two groups according to the presence of active @entity5 ( @entity5 , @entity64 ) group and without active @entity5 (CR- @entity64 ) group. @entity1 with @entity2 without @entity64 were also recruited for comparison purposes (CA-control). Clinical factors, lesion patterns on diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), and laboratory findings were analyzed among groups. A total of 348 @entity1 with @entity64 were enrolled in this study. Among them, 71 (20.4%) @entity1 had active @entity5 at the time of @entity64 . The D-dimer levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity64 than those with CR- @entity64 or CA-control (both p<0.001). Regarding lesion patterns, @entity1 with @entity64 mostly had @entity75 in multiple vascular territories, while more than 80% of @entity1 with CR- @entity64 had single/ @entity75 in a single vascular territory (P<0.001). D-dimer levels ( @entity24773 /mL increase; 95% CI 1.06-1.15; P<0.001) and DWI lesion patterns (OR 7.13; 95% CI 3.42-14.87; P<0.001) were independently associated with @entity64 . Workup for @entity5 was performed during hospitalization in 10 @entity1 who showed elevated D-dimer levels and @entity1188 involving multiple vascular territories but had no known @entity5 , and it revealed @entity5 in all the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity64 have distinctive D-dimer levels and lesion patterns. These characteristics can serve as clues to @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity64 .

title: Clues to XXXX in @entity1 with @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'cryptogenic stroke', 'CA-stroke']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hidden malignancies', 'occult cancer', 'cancer: cryptogenic stroke with active cancer', 'cancer', 'cancer-related stroke', 'hidden malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['active lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infarcts']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['occult cancer']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity1037 in combination with @entity7274 and @entity619 for @entity1 receiving @entity900 (>= 50  mg/m(2) ), because this antiemetic therapy has not been sufficiently examined in @entity1 receiving @entity900 . METHODS: We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity1037 in combination with @entity7274 and @entity619 for chemotherapy na  ve @entity1 receiving @entity900 (>= 50  mg/m(2) ). @entity1 received prophylactic @entity619 (20  mg IV, day 1), @entity7274 (0.75  mg IV, day 1), and @entity1037 (10  mg, days 1-4). The @entity1 were monitored for emesis and @entity390 for 120 h after chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the complete response (CR) rate, which was defined as no @entity391 episodes and no use of rescue medication for the overall period. CR rates of 65% and 45% would indicate the potential usefulness and the lower limit of interest, respectively. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 , including 37 @entity418 @entity1 were enrolled, of whom 41 (80%) completed the treatment protocol as planned. The complete response rate for the overall period was 43% (95% confidence interval: 29-58); the primary endpoint was not met. Vomiting was frequently observed, with the overall rate of 51%. Most events occurred during 24-72 h after chemotherapy. Somnolence was observed in 73% of the @entity1 , but it was well tolerated in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1037 combined with @entity7274 and @entity619 did not prevent chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 induced by @entity900 as expected. The safety of this antiemetic therapy was confirmed.

title: A phase II trial of prophylactic XXXX combined with @entity7274 and @entity619 for preventing @entity390 and @entity391 induced by @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity7274 :: ('MESH:C083418', 'Chemical') :: ['palonosetron']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

answer: @entity1037 :: (MESH:C076029,Chemical) :: ['olanzapine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Bevacizumab has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a first-line therapy for metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), in combination with @entity3003 and @entity1311 . A single Latin American center experience was reviewed to determine the safety and efficacy of adding bevacizumab to first-line chemotherapy in a local population. METHODS: We retrospectively identified @entity1 with non-squamous @entity1149 treated with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy combinations as first-line chemotherapy between July 1, 2006, and January 30, 2011, at Sirio Libanes Hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. We collected data on @entity1 characteristics, treatment combinations, @entity137 , response to treatment, and survival. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and prognostic factors were identified by the Cox regression model. RESULTS: A total of 56 @entity1 were included in the final analysis (median age 62.4 years; 70% male). In 35 @entity1 (62.5%), bevacizumab was combined with @entity3003 and @entity1311 , and in 16 @entity1 (28.6%), it was combined with pemetrexed and @entity3003 . The response rate evaluated by the reference clinical team reached 74.5%, the median PFS was 5.3 months, and the median @entity1349 was 14.8 months. In multivariate analysis, use of maintenance therapy was the only predictive factor for @entity1349 (hazard ratio 6.85, 95% confidence interval 2.94-15.22). No treatment-related @entity204 were identified, and the overall incidence of grade 3-4 non-hematologic @entity137 was 16%. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the efficacy and safety data of bevacizumab first-line combinations for @entity1149 in a Brazilian population.

title: Bevacizumab as first-line therapy in advanced XXXX : a brazilian center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) 0.01% (0.1 mg/mL) in preventing haze formation after wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for higher @entity1714 at 3 exposures. SETTING: United States Navy Refractive Surgery Center, San Diego, California, USA. DESIGN: Double-masked randomized prospective trial. METHODS: Sixty-, 30-, and 15-second exposures of @entity1139 0.01% were compared in wavefront-guided PRK for higher @entity1714 . One eye received @entity1139 (surgical sponge) and the other a placebo. All eyes received a 4-month tapering postoperative topical @entity134 regimen. Endothelial cell densities, haze scores, high- and low-contrast acuities, and manifest refraction were measured preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Outcomes were analyzed as repeated measures over time. RESULTS: The mean preoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent was -5.98 diopters (D) (range -4.4 to -8.0 D). No eye developed more than trace haze. There was a significant difference in haze scores between @entity1139 -treated eyes and untreated eyes at 1 and 3 months (P=.034) but no difference at 6 and 12 months. Endothelial cell densities decreased in the treated eyes and untreated eyes at all 3 exposures at 1 month but returned to baseline by 6 months. There was no difference in acuities or refractions with or without @entity1139 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1138 may not be needed to prevent haze after modern PRK with a 4-month steroid taper. There was no clinically significant difference in haze formation between @entity1139 eyes and control eyes at the concentration and exposures used.

title: Randomized dose-response analysis of @entity1138 to prevent haze after photorefractive keratectomy for high XXXX .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin-C', 'mitomycin-C']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine whether @entity2399 has anticonvulsant actions in the hippocampal-kindled @entity35 model of @entity302 . Fully kindled @entity35 received acute intraperitoneal injections of @entity2399 (270 mg/kg), @entity3174 (20 mg/kg) or saline in random order. Electrical @entity410 duration, behavioral @entity410 stage and duration of @entity308 were examined 15, 30 and 60 min after injection. In an additional group of @entity35 , kindled @entity410 were measured before and after chronic (2 h) intraperitoneal injections of @entity2399 versus saline. There was a significant decrease in electrical @entity410 duration (p < 0.01) and behavioral @entity410 stage (p < 0.01) with acute @entity2399 injections compared to saline injections. @entity3174 had no statistically significant effects on hippocampal-kindled @entity410 . Chronic @entity2399 treatment significantly reduced behavioral @entity410 stage at 2, 24, and 48 h postinjection (p < 0.05), but did not affect @entity410 duration. There was a significant time by treatment effect for @entity2399 on @entity308 (p < 0.01). We conclude that in this model of @entity302 -induced (kindled) @entity35 , @entity2399 has significant anticonvulsant effects. Copyright 1995 S. Karger AG, Basel

title: Anticonvulsant Effects of @entity2399 in Hippocampal-Kindled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['postictal EEG depression']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin', 'Phenytoin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the diagnosis, clinical features and therapy of primary @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 52 @entity1 with primary @entity1893 diagnosed and treated in our department from January 2000 to January 2010 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively in this study. RESULTS: This group of @entity1 was composed of 45 cases of B cell and 7 T cell lymphomas, including 33 males and 19 females, with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1, and the age at diagnosis was 16 - 74 years old, with a median age of 50 years. The ileocecal region was most frequently involved site, acounted for 48.1%. The common symptoms encountered were @entity490 (66.7%), @entity294 (15.6%), blood stool (24.4%), and body weight loss (8.9%). All @entity1 were eventually diagnosed by histopathology, and the DLBCL subtype took up 64.4%. Among the 45 cases of B cell subtype, 33 cases (73.3%) were of early stage (IE and IIE confirmed), and the 5-year survival rate was 78.1%, while those of stage IIIE and IVE comprised 26.7%, with a 5-year survival rate of 45.5% (P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate of all @entity1 was 71.1%. Surgery was employed in 36 cases, and 9 @entity1 received chemotherapy alone. Radical surgery could significantly increase the @entity1 ' overall survival rate, as compared with the chemotherapy alone group and palliative surgery group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1893 is a rare malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. B cell type, male predominance and DLBCL subtype are most encountered manifestations in clinics. Multi-modality management with radical surgical resection of the @entity75 followed by standard chemotherapy, affords better local disease control, and a better survival outcome. Early detection and tailored immunotherapy can obviously prolong the long-term survival time.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of primary XXXX : analysis of 52 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'colorectal NHL', "Colorectal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "colorectal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['colorectal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']