abstract: The purpose of the present study was first to identify drivers of variance in plasma metabolite profiles of @entity468 and @entity235 that may affect the interpretation of nutritional metabolomic studies. A total of fourteen @entity468 and fourteen @entity235 housed in environmentally enriched accommodation were fed a single batch of diet to maintain body weight. Fasting blood samples were taken on days 14, 16 and 18 of the study. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 ), liquid chromatography (LC)- @entity15 / @entity15 and solid-phase extraction-LC- @entity15 / @entity15 analyses were used for metabolite profiling. Principal component (PC) analysis that indicated 31 and 27 % of the variance was explained in PC1 and PC2 for @entity468 and @entity235 , respectively, with most individuals occupying a unique space. As the individual was a major driver of variance in the plasma metabolome, the second objective was to identify metabolites associated with the individual variation observed. The proportion of intra- and inter-individual variance was calculated for 109 cat and 101 @entity235 metabolites with a low intra-individual variance (SD < 0.05). Of these, fifteen cat and six @entity235 metabolites had inter-individual variance accounting for at least 90 % of the total variance. There were four metabolites common to both species ( @entity9543 , @entity4601 , a @entity50891 and a @entity5597 moiety). Many of the metabolites with >75 % inter-individual variance were common to both species and to similar areas of metabolism. In summary, the individual is an important driver of variance in the fasted plasma metabolome, and specific metabolites and areas of metabolism may be differentially regulated by individuals in two companion animal species.

title: Identification of intra- and inter-individual metabolite variation in plasma metabolite profiles of XXXX and @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity50891 :: ('CHEBI:16608', 'Chemical') :: ['cholestenol']

entities_list: @entity5597 :: ('MESH:D013110', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine']

entities_list: @entity9543 :: ('MESH:C021273', 'Chemical') :: ['campesterol']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: @entity6940 types C and D cause animal @entity6938 by the production of serotype-specific or mosaic botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). The D/C mosaic BoNT (BoNT/DC), which is produced by the isolate from @entity291 @entity6938 in Japan, exhibits the highest @entity137 to @entity19 among all BoNTs. In contrast, @entity35 appeared to be very resistant to BoNT/DC in type C and D BoNTs and their mosaic BoNTs. We attempted to characterize the enzymatic and receptor-binding activities of BoNT/DC by comparison with those of type C and D BoNTs (BoNT/C and BoNT/D). BoNT/DC and D showed similar toxic effects on cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) derived from the @entity19 , but the former showed less @entity137 to @entity35 CGCs. In recombinant @entity19 -derived vesicle-associated membrane protein ( @entity44771 ), the enzymatic activities of both BoNTs to @entity35 isoform 1 @entity44771 ( @entity44771 ) were lower than those to the other @entity44771 homologues. We then examined the physiological significance of @entity7746 as the binding components for types C and D, and mosaic BoNTs. BoNT/DC and C were found to cleave an intracellular substrate of PC12 cells upon the exogenous addition of GM1a and GT1b gangliosides, respectively, suggesting that each BoNT recognizes a different ganglioside moiety. The effect of BoNT/DC on @entity2227 release from CGCs was prevented by @entity12338 ( @entity12338 ) but not by a site-directed mutant of @entity12338 that did not bind to GM1a. @entity291 adrenal chromaffin cells appeared to be more sensitive to BoNT/DC than to BoNT/C and D. These results suggest that a unique mechanism of receptor binding of BoNT/DC may differentially regulate its biological activities in animals.

title: Unique biological activity of botulinum D/C mosaic neurotoxin in XXXX species.

entities_list: @entity7746 :: ('MESH:D005732', 'Chemical') :: ['gangliosides']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity6940 :: ('1491', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium botulinum']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic @entity1069 /chronic @entity2371 ( @entity2723 /CPPS). METHODS: A literature review for the years 1985-2012 was performed using the MEDLINE database of the United States National Library of Medicine. RESULTS: The evidence for @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity2723 /CPPS is lacking. However, @entity1 with @entity2723 /CPPS are twice as likely to have had a @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ), and bacteria from @entity1 with @entity2723 /CPPS may be phenotypically different from those that cause @entity2335 or @entity1069 . Evidence continues to support an alteration in both the afferent and efferent autonomic nervous systems. Functional brain imaging suggests changes in the gray matter as well as the importance of the anterior insula and anterior cingulated gyrus in @entity158 processing. Neural function can be modulated by immune and endocrine factors. Alterations in cytokine function and @entity792 appear to play a role in the @entity1200 . Alterations in the @entity2339 can mediate the endocrine effects, similar to many other @entity1118 conditions. Genetics may play a role in who may develop @entity1118 after an initial insult. Finally, any biological changes must then be processed through the psychosocial environment, including the tendency to catastrophize, and degree of spousal support, to produce a given individual @entity1 's @entity158 experience. CONCLUSIONS: Infection with atypical bacteria or sequelae of an @entity2953 may lead to @entity2723 /CPPS in some @entity1 . Such a biological insult in the context of alterations in psychoimmunoneurendocrine factors produces the @entity1118 experience.

title: Etiology of chronic XXXX /chronic @entity2371 : psychoimmunoneurendocrine dysfunction (PINE syndrome) or just a really bad infection?

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis', 'acute prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STD', 'sexually transmitted disease']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing infection']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostatitis']


abstract: After an analysis of the concerning literature we conceptualized a questionnaire with 124 items, which describes the most common characteristics of sexual murderers. The relevance of these characteristics was examined on the basis of @entity146 records. The hypothesis was, that @entity1 who murdered more than once show these characteristics more evidently than single murderers. We compared 20 @entity146 records about single sexual murderers with those about 10 repetitive sexual murderers. Planned offenses, chronic isolation, narcism and tendency to perversity were found more often in @entity1 that murdered more than once. Especially the psychosocial factors were found less often than in the angloamerican literature. More pronounced were the differences between a group of sadistic murderers compared with nonsadistic murderers, using criteria for sadism extracted from Kafft-Ebings first description (1892), Schorsch and Becker (1977), MacCulloch et al. (1983) and Ressler et al. (1988). A case example illustrates the importance of an elaborated concept of sadism and its relation to @entity1314 .

title: [Sexual homicide--a data collection from XXXX records].

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Modern-day lifestyles are characterized by large amounts of prolonged sedentary activities, which may pose a risk to health in its own right, although little is known about their effects on mental health. We examined the association between several types of common @entity146 (TV viewing, Internet use, reading) and different aspects of mental health. METHODS: We conducted a 2-yr follow-up of 6359 (age 64.9    9.1 yr) @entity1 and @entity1 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a cohort of community-dwelling older adults. Self-reported TV viewing time, reading, and use of the Internet was assessed at baseline. Mental health was assessed using the eight-item Centre of Epidemiological Studies Depression scale to measure @entity308 and neuropsychological tests of memory and verbal fluency to assess cognitive function. RESULTS: At baseline, TV viewing time (>=  6 vs. <2 h    d(-1)) was associated with higher @entity308 (coefficient = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.63 to 0.35) and poorer global cognitive function (coefficient = -1.16, 95% CI = -1.00 to -1.31). Conversely, @entity1 using the Internet reported lower @entity308 (coefficient = -0.58, 95% CI = -0.50 to -0.66) and higher global cognitive function (coefficient = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.37 to 1.18). There was no association between any @entity146 at baseline and change in mental health measures over follow-up, suggesting that the difference in scores persisted but did not increase over time. CONCLUSIONS: Some, but not all @entity146 , are linked to adverse mental health. It is likely that these associations are being driven by the contrasting environmental and social contexts in which they occur.

title: Prospective study of sedentary behavior, risk of XXXX , and cognitive impairment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sedentary behaviors']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Secure, web-based survey. OBJECTIVES: To determine how quadriplegics in the US view tendon transfer surgeries (TTS) and what activities of daily living (ADL) involving arm/hand function are important in improving quality of life (QoL). SETTING: World wide web. METHODS: Individuals >or=18 years of age living with a cervical @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). @entity1 obtained a pass code to enter a secure website and answered survey questions. A total of 137 @entity1 completed the survey. RESULTS: Two-thirds of @entity1 had injury levels between @entity49743 . Over 90% felt that improving their arm/hand function would improve their QoL. ADL that were ranked most important to regain were dressing, feeding, transferring in/out of bed, and handwriting. Less than half of the @entity1 had never been told about TTS and only 9% had ever had TTS. Nearly 80% reported that they would be willing to spend 2-3 months being less independent, while recovering from surgery, to ultimately become more independent. Over 75% reported that the ideal time preferred to have TTS, if chosen, would be within 5 years post-injury. CONCLUSION: Regaining arm and hand function is of primary importance to individuals with cervical @entity1566 , in particular, to increase independence in multiple ADL. There is a critical need in the US to improve awareness of TTS as a viable option for improving arm/hand function in some @entity1 . This information needs to be provided early after injury so that informed choices can be made within the first 5 years.

title: Acceptable benefits and risks associated with surgically improving arm function in individuals living with cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Episodes of @entity1163 or breath-holding spells are often misdiagnosed as @entity302 events. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of an electroencephalogram (EEG) with ocular compression to distinguish breath-holding spells and @entity1163 from @entity302 . A retrospective analysis was performed on the EEG records of all @entity1 on whom ocular compression was performed from 2000 to 2003. Data from 116 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis consistent with either @entity1163 or breath-holding spells were compared with a group of 46 @entity1 with @entity302 . The RR interval during ocular compression was significantly higher in @entity1163 @entity1 compared with @entity1 with @entity302 (P < .005). Using 2 seconds of @entity1167 as the cutoff, the sensitivity of ocular compression was 26%, with 100% specificity. The change in RR interval from baseline to ocular compression also distinguished @entity1 with breath-holding spells and @entity1163 from @entity1 with @entity302 . Even a small increase of 0.5 seconds in the RR interval demonstrated a sensitivity of 46%, with a specificity of 98%. Ocular compression performed during an EEG is useful in distinguishing @entity1 with breath-holding spells and @entity1163 from those with @entity302 . A requirement of a 2-second period of @entity1167 with ocular compression excludes many @entity1 . Our data indicate that an RR interval increase of 0.5 seconds over baseline identifies additional @entity1 with increased vagal tone. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of the etiology of @entity909 might preclude the need for further extensive and expensive evaluation and reduce @entity1 and parental distress.

title: Usefulness of ocular compression during electroencephalography in distinguishing breath-holding spells and XXXX from @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: AIM: Lactating @entity652 are circumscribed benign breast lesions developing during pregnancy or lactation due to overall enhanced proliferation of @entity134 hormone dependent tissue. Sonography is the method of choice for imaging mainly because of the physiologically dense breast tissue. Which is the predictive value of sonography in the diagnosis of lactating @entity652 ? Are sonographic characteristics dependent on age of gestation or time of lactation? Which diagnostic procedure should be recommended? METHOD: We report the long time course of four @entity1 with histologically proven (core-needle biopsy, 16 Gauge) lactating @entity652 , first diagnosed during pregnancy, which were followed up sonographically (1997-2000) with real-time B-mode, panorama-mode (Siescape) and colour-sonography. RESULTS: Demonstrating a high inter- and intraindividual variability the @entity5 were biggest around parturitation. @entity5 regressed in size, but did not vanish completely even after definite termination of breast feeding. Evaluation of sonographical characteristics did not allow to rule out @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Three percent of all @entity0 at childbearing age coincide with pregnancy and lactation, therefore, an early histologic diagnosis is absolutely necessary. Sonographically guided core-needle biopsies allow to exclude @entity5 without negative effects on breast feeding.

title: [Sonographic variability of lactating XXXX demonstrated by a longitudinal evaluation of 4 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Despite ongoing lactation tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and insect herbivores are competing for the same food crops and have been for thousands of years. Despite considerable advances in crop pest management, losses due to insects remain considerable. The global homogenisation of agriculture has supported the range expansion of numerous insect pests and has been driven in part by @entity1 -assisted dispersal supported through rapid global trade and low-cost air passenger transport. One of these pests, is the whitefly, @entity3745 , a cryptic species complex that contains some of the world's most damaging pests of agriculture. The complex shows considerable genetic diversity and strong phylogeographic relationships. One consequence of the considerable impact that members of the @entity3745 complex have on agriculture, is the view that @entity1 activity, particularly in relation to agricultural practices, such as use of insecticides, has driven the diversification found within the species complex. This has been particularly so in the case of two members of the complex, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED), which have become globally distributed invasive species. An alternative hypothesis is that diversification is due to paleogeographic and paleoclimatological changes. RESULTS: The idea that @entity1 activity is driving speciation within the @entity3745 complex has never been tested, but the increased interest in fossil whiteflies and the growth in molecular data have enabled us to apply a relaxed molecular clock and so estimate divergence dates for the major lineages within the @entity3745 species complex. The divergence estimates do not support the view that @entity1 activity has been a major driver of diversification. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that the major lineages within the complex arose approximately 60-30 mya and the highly invasive MED and MEAM1 split from the rest of the species complex around 12 mya well before the evolution of @entity1 and agriculture. Furthermore, the divergence dates coincide with a period of global diversification that occurred broadly across the plant and animal kingdoms and was most likely associated with major climatic and tectonic events.

title: Is agriculture driving the diversification of the XXXX species complex (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae)?: Dating, diversification and biogeographic evidence revealed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Homo sapiens', 'human', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity3745 :: ('7038', 'Species') :: ['Bemisia tabaci', 'B. tabaci']

answer: @entity3745 :: (7038,Species) :: ['Bemisia tabaci']


abstract: @entity28 , insulin resistance, @entity2299 , and @entity101 are components of the pathophysiological state known as @entity209 . Adrenergic vasoconstriction is mediated through increases in cytosolic @entity141 and the myofilaments' sensitivity to @entity141 . In many pathophysiological states, there is an enhanced role for @entity13291 ( @entity13291 )-mediated increases in @entity141 sensitivity of the contractile apparatus. Thus we hypothesized that there is a greater role for @entity13291 -mediated increases in @entity141 sensitivity in alpha1-adrenergic vasoconstriction in arteries from @entity28 Zucker (OZ) @entity35 . Therefore, small gracilis muscle arteries from 11- to 12-wk-old and 16- to 18-wk-old lean and OZ @entity35 were isolated, cannulated, and pressurized to 75 mmHg. For some experiments, vessels were loaded with @entity593 -AM. Changes in luminal diameter and vessel wall @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]) were measured in response to @entity2647 (PE), the @entity2871 mimetic @entity2872 , and @entity4338 . alpha1-Adrenergic vasoconstriction was similar between 11- to 12-wk-old lean and @entity28 animals and greater in older @entity28 animals compared with controls. PE-induced increases in vascular smooth muscle cell [ @entity141 ] were blunted in OZ animals compared with lean controls in both age groups of animals. @entity4338 and @entity2872 elicited similar vasoconstriction and vascular smooth muscle cell [ @entity141 ] in both groups. @entity13291 inhibition attenuated PE vasoconstriction to a greater degree in arteries from 11- to 12-wk-old OZ @entity35 compared with lean animals; @entity13291 inhibition in arteries from older @entity35 right shifted both concentration-response curves to the same point. Total @entity20757 and @entity13291 protein expressions were similar between groups. These results suggest an enhanced role for the @entity13291 pathway in alpha1-adrenergic vasoconstriction in @entity209 .

title: Enhanced role for @entity20757 -associated kinase in adrenergic-mediated vasoconstriction in gracilis arteries from XXXX Zucker @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report on a @entity1 with @entity12321 ( @entity12321 ) who showed an @entity6436 as an initial manifestation. CASE: A Japanese male @entity1 , 65 years old, initially exhibited swelling of the left eyelid. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed an infiltrating orbital mass around the left eye. OBSERVATIONS: The @entity1 was treated several times with short courses of oral @entity288 without significant response. Eight years after the first examination, he was referred to our neuroophthalmology clinic owing to persistent @entity4 . He exhibited an accelerated erythrosedimentation rate, @entity4754 , and multiple cervical and thoracic mediastinal lymphadenopathies. Histopathological examination revealed @entity12321 from a cervical lymph node and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration from @entity4 . Four months after his first visit, the @entity1 's condition was complicated by fever, general fatigue, and @entity519 . A cell marker study of the swollen lymph node showed monoclonality, indicating the development of @entity1893 . CONCLUSIONS: The clinical course in this case suggests that an inflammatory reaction in the orbital tissue was initially present, before @entity12321 , and that @entity1893 subsequently developed.

title: @entity6436 as an initial manifestation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['eyelid swelling']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity6436 :: ('MESH:D016727', 'Disease') :: ['orbital pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity12321 :: ('MESH:C537372', 'Disease') :: ['mixed-type MCD', "multicentric Castleman's disease", 'MCD']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity12321 :: (MESH:C537372,Disease) :: ['multicentric Castleman's disease']


abstract: AIM: In order to identify bacterial compounds which directly affect granulosa cell steroidogenesis, the effect of culture-supernatants and extracts from @entity526 were tested in an in vitro granulosa cell culture model. METHODS: Samples were drawn from the culture-supernatant of @entity526 ATCC25922 cultured in Luria-broth medium. Bacterial extract was prepared by incubation of freshly harvested bacteria in buffer. The bacterial culture-supernatants and extracts were added to @entity1 granulosa cells in culture. The granulosa cells collected from the follicular aspirates from @entity1 undergoing in-vitro fertilization were cultured for 17-53 h and @entity1420 or @entity53 was assayed in the spent culture medium. RESULTS: The @entity526 culture-supernatant stimulated the basal granulosa cell @entity1420 production demonstrating its maximum activity reached after 200-240 min of bacterial growth. The heat denaturated bacterial extract as well as its low-molecular-weight fraction (<10 kDa) stimulated both the basal and the @entity3566 -stimulated @entity1420 production; the @entity53 production was slightly inhibited. Stimulation of @entity1420 production was time dependent increasing from 125 +/- 18% of control within the first 3 h to 205 +/- 35% within 17-53 h. The high-molecular-weight fraction (>30 kDa) of the bacterial extract inhibited @entity1420 production. The inhibitory activity was significantly diminished by heat denaturation. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates the existence of various compounds which are secreted by @entity526 and could also be extracted out of @entity526 bacteria. These bacterial compounds modulate ovarian steroidogenesis. Further studies are needed to clarify how far these compounds contribute to menstrual disturbance observed in chronic @entity32 .

title: XXXX derived factors modulate @entity1 granulosa cell steroidogenesis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Background. A multidisciplinary approach seems to be effective in creating healthy habits in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three 5-month combined @entity4270 ( @entity4270 ) and nutritional interventions on body composition, physical activity (PA) level, sedentary time and eating habits of schoolchildren. Methods. Anthropometric data, weekly PA level, sedentary time and eating habits of 230 healthy students were analysed using a repeated-measures ANOVA with Group (experimental group 1 vs experimental group 2 vs control group), Adiposity Status (under fat vs normal fat vs @entity28 ), and Time (pre vs post) as factors. Results. Body fat mass percentage increased after intervention (18.92    8.61% vs 19.40    8.51%) in all groups. The weekly PA level significantly increased after intervention in both experimental groups. Sedentary time significantly decreased after the intervention period (565.70    252.93 vs 492.10    230.97 min/week, p < 0.0001). Moreover, @entity28 @entity1 were more sedentary than under fat and normal fat @entity1 . @entity1 significantly changed the consumption of some specific foods after intervention. Discussion. This study revealed the effectiveness of a combined @entity4270 and nutritional intervention to improve @entity1 's healthful dietary practices and to encourage an active lifestyle. However, it needs a further appropriate development to establish patterns of healthful dietary practices that encourage an active lifestyle with which to maintain healthy habits through life.

title: Effects of combined XXXX and nutritional programs on schoolchildren's healthy habits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['physical education', 'PE']

answer: @entity4270 :: (MESH:D059445,Disease) :: ['physical education']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was shown to be a powerful independent predictor of @entity65 ( @entity65 ), other studies suggested that it confers a much lower risk than @entity633 alone, whereas the combination of the two abnormalities is associated with multiplicative risk. This study aimed at assessing the independent association of previous @entity65 events, either total or by vascular bed, with eGFR and @entity633 and @entity740 ( @entity740 ) phenotypes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 15,773 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 from the @entity177 And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study in 19 outpatient @entity6 clinics in years 2007-2008. @entity633 was assessed by immunonephelometry or immunoturbidimetry. GFR was estimated by the simplified Modification of Diet in @entity8 Study and the @entity740 -Epidemiology Collaboration equation. @entity740 was defined as an eGFR <60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) or micro- or macroalbuminuria. Major acute @entity65 events were adjudicated based on hospital discharge records or specialist visits. RESULTS: @entity65 risk increased linearly with eGFR decline and @entity633 and became significant for values <78 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) and >= 10.5 mg/24 h, respectively. Beyond traditional @entity65 risk factors, total @entity65 showed an independent association with @entity633 alone (odds ratio 1.20 [95% CI 1.08-1.33]), reduced eGFR alone (1.52 [1.34-1.73]), and both abnormalities (1.90 [1.66-2.19]). However, coronary events were associated predominantly with reduced eGFR alone, whereas cerebrovascular and peripheral events showed a stronger correlation with the albuminuric @entity740 phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: These data, although cross-sectional, show that reduced eGFR, irrespective of @entity633 , is associated with significant @entity65 , particularly in the coronary district.

title: Diverging association of reduced glomerular filtration rate and @entity633 with coronary and noncoronary events in @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX : the @entity177 and cardiovascular events (RIACE) Italian multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'Chronic Kidney Disease', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, a novel distinct subset of Th cell, can secrete @entity4155 in @entity1 . Although recent data suggest that Th17 cells and @entity4155 play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ), the expression of Th17-related cytokines in the kidneys of @entity1252 @entity1 has not been studied in detail. In the present study, we investigated circulating Th17-cell frequencies using flow cytometry and serum Th17-related cytokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 24 @entity1988 @entity1 (17 @entity1 with class IV and seven @entity1 with class V) and 12 healthy controls. We also investigated glomerular Th17-related cytokine expression in @entity1988 @entity1 and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 using immunohistochemistry. Our results showed significantly higher median frequencies of circulating Th17 cells in @entity1988 @entity1 (0.68%) than in healthy controls (0.12%, p < 0.001). Serum levels of @entity4155 , @entity650 and @entity4452 were significantly higher in @entity1988 @entity1 (median 7.26, 232.60 and 37.01 pg/ml, respectively) than in healthy controls (median 0.82, 34.60 and 7.42 pg/ml, respectively; all p < 0.001). Circulating Th17-cell frequencies were positively correlated with SLEDAI, renal SLEDAI and histological activity index, the degree of cellular crescent and endocapillary proliferation. Significantly higher levels of glomerular @entity4155 and @entity4452 expression were observed in renal biopsies from class IV @entity1988 @entity1 as compared to those from @entity8 @entity1 and normal controls. Glomerular @entity4155 and @entity4452 expression levels were positively correlated with renal SLEDAI and histological activity index for @entity1988 @entity1 . Our results suggest the potential role of the @entity4452 /Th17 axis in the intra-renal inflammation of @entity1252 .

title: The potential role of Th17 cells and Th17-related cytokines in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change nephropathy', 'MCN']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) from @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and that stratified by @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation status in @entity3 @entity1 receiving @entity470 - @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a series of 91 consecutive @entity1149 @entity1 with @entity3 between 2001 and 2010. RESULTS: Most of the @entity3 @entity1 had @entity420 histology and a poor performance status (PS). The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for all @entity1 was 3.6 months. @entity420 and TKI treatment were associated with a better prognosis. Among the @entity1 , 51 received @entity470 -TKIs. Of these, the @entity470 mutation status was assessed in 30 @entity1 ; 7 (23%) showed no mutation (group 1), 10 (33%) had a mutation in exon 21 (group 2), and 13 (43%) had deletions in exon 19 (group 3). Interestingly, PS was significantly improved in groups 2 and 3 but not in group 1. The @entity1349 in these subgroups was 1.4, 7.1, and 11.0 months in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p<0.001). The median time to progression or symptom deterioration was 0.9, 2.0, and 7.8 months for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p<0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that @entity470 -mutant @entity5 were associated with a better prognosis in @entity1 receiving @entity470 -TKIs. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis for @entity1 with @entity3 from @entity1149 was still poor. Survival after the initiation of @entity470 -TKI treatment differed according to the type of @entity470 mutation, suggesting the potential benefit of TKIs for @entity1 with @entity470 mutations, even though they suffered from @entity3 .

title: Clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity3 from XXXX : Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal metastasis', 'LM']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the results of standardized treatment of @entity4236 at a single institution during a 21-year period and calculate pertinent parameters, i.e., @entity3 (local, regional, distant), disease-free survival, and complications of treatment. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was conducted of all @entity1 treated at a single institution from September 1976 through May 1998. METHODS: Only those @entity1 who received their complete evaluation and treatment at our institution were included in this analysis. Thirty-five @entity1 met this criterion. In addition, results of epidemiological, pathological, and molecular analyses were evaluated to seek accurate indicators for clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Six percent of @entity1 presented with cervical @entity3 , but ultimately 25.7% developed at least one episode of cervical @entity3 ; 14.3% of @entity1 developed a local recurrence an average of 6 years after diagnosis; and 37% of the @entity1 ultimately developed at least one episode of @entity3 . The disease-free survival for this cohort of 35 @entity1 was 80.4% at 8 years. CNS complications occurred in 25.7% of the @entity1 , 22.9% had orbital complications, 20% had systemic posttreatment problems, 18.2% had chemotoxic sequelae, 8.6% had infectious complications, and 14.3% had cosmetic sequelae. No epidemiological, pathological, or molecular factors appeared to be more accurate clinical indicators than the Kadish staging system. CONCLUSIONS: This series of @entity4236 @entity1 (N=35) reflects an 8-year disease-free survival of 80.4%, representing a significant number of @entity1 treated and followed at one institution for an extended period of time. No valuable pathological or molecular indicators to predict aggressive clinical behavior were found. The average time interval before recurrent disease developed was more than 6 years, far greater than that expected for other @entity5 . Therefore, extended follow-up is necessary for this @entity1 group.

title: XXXX : reflections of a 21-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sinonasal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity4236 :: (MESH:D018304,Disease) :: ['Esthesioneuroblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare, in a randomized trial, the effects of individual and group physiotherapy for @entity322 in @entity1 referred by their general practitioner (GP). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included @entity1 of all ages (mean 47.8 years) with stress, urge or mixed @entity322 ; 126 received individual and 404 group treatment. Both groups undertook the same pelvic floor exercises and bladder training, and received the same information. The effects were measured soon after treatment and again 9 months later. The main outcome measures were objective changes in the severity of @entity322 , frequency of urine loss and frequency of nocturnal urine loss. The trial was nationwide; 25 physiotherapists and 337 GPs participated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in effect between the groups; after individual treatment the severity of @entity322 improved in 60% of the @entity1 and the mean (95% confidence interval, CI) frequency of urine loss decreased, by -8.7 (-6.4 to -11.1) times/week. After group therapy continence improved in 57% and the frequency of urine loss decreased, by -8.4 (-6.8 to -10.0) times/week. For @entity1 who had nocturnal urine loss (at baseline), the frequency decreased after individual treatment by -11.2 (4 to -26.4) and after group therapy by -14 (-9.1 to -18.9) times/month. All improvements persisted in full for up to 9 months. CONCLUSION: Individual and group physiotherapy are equally effective for at least 9 months in improving @entity322 in @entity1 . Factors should be sought that can predict the effectiveness of therapy, and thus better select those @entity1 most likely to benefit from therapy.

title: The effects of physiotherapy for female XXXX : individual compared with group treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A study published in 2011 showed that @entity1 in the Canary Islands, who were incident in @entity298 ( @entity298 ) had better survival than those who were incident in hemodialysis (HD). Since initiating hemodialysis with central venous catheter is associated with worse prognosis, it would be possible that the initial vascular access influences the results of survival comparison between both groups. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a comparative medium-term survival study of @entity1 incident in renal replacement therapy with different modalities in our community, classifying those incident in hemodialysis according to the initial vascular access: established arteriovenous vascular access or central venous catheter. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study including all @entity1 who were incident in renal replacement therapy between January 2005 and December 2010, with follow-up until December 2011, in three large hospitals of the Canary Islands. @entity1 were classified according to the initial modality: @entity298 , HD with established vascular access (HD-FAV) or HD with central venous catheter (HD-Cat). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were estimated for each group and a Cox proportional hazards survival model was used to estimate relative mortality risk for DP as compared to HD-FAV and HD-Cat, adjusting for age and Charlson comorbidity index. An equivalent analysis was then conducted on subgroups defined by age or by the presence of @entity6 . RESULTS: 1110 @entity1 were included, with a median age of 63 years, 56% of them were @entity6 . A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed better survival for @entity298 (66 months) as compared to HD-Cat (41 months), Log Rank p<.001, with no difference between DP and HD-FAV (67 months). Cox regression RR of mortality for HD-Cat versus @entity298 was 2.270 (1.573-3.276); p<.001; no differences were found between HD-FAV and @entity298 @entity1 0.993 (0.646-1.525) n.s. Subgroup analysis showed equivalent results for @entity6 and non- @entity6 @entity1 as well as for younger or older ones. CONCLUSIONS: better survival of @entity298 @entity1 as compared to HD ones, observed in the Canary Islands, seems to be based on incident HD @entity1 with central venous catheter, while no differences were found between @entity298 and HD with established vascular access. These results could suggest that @entity1 in our community, for whom a vascular access cannot be achieved in predialysis, could have better survival if @entity298 is offered as initial technique, at least until a vascular access is available.

title: A comparison of medium-term survival between XXXX and haemodialysis in accordance with the initial vascular access.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the 5-year outcomes of @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ) not following commands when admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research-funded @entity131 ( @entity131 ). SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation hospitals participating in the @entity131 program. @entity1 : @entity1 (N=108) with @entity131 not following commands at admission to acute inpatient rehabilitation were divided into 2 groups (early recovery: followed commands before discharge [n=72]; late recovery: did not follow commands before discharge [n=36]). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: FIM items. RESULTS: For the early recovery group, depending on the FIM item, 8% to 21% of @entity1 were functioning independently at discharge, increasing to 56% to 85% by 5 years postinjury. The proportion functioning independently increased from discharge to 1 year, 1 to 2 years, and 2 to 5 years. In the late recovery group, depending on the FIM item, 19% to 36% of @entity1 were functioning independently by 5 years postinjury. The proportion of independent @entity1 increased significantly from discharge to 1 year and from 1 to 2 years, but not from 2 to 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial proportions of @entity1 admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation before following commands recover independent functioning over as long as 5 years, particularly if they begin to follow commands before hospital discharge.

title: Functional outcomes in traumatic disorders of consciousness: 5-year outcomes from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems', 'TBIMS', 'TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical features and obtain guideline of treatment in intermittent @entity5770 associated with @entity15170 including simulated @entity6125 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 93 @entity1 of intermittent @entity5770 aligned with horizontal muscle surgery only, who showed @entity15170 more than 2 @entity1726 in primary gaze before surgery and disappeared after surgery. They showed forveal extorsion and dysfunction of oblique muscles of 2+ or less and positive @entity12030 head tilt test. The postoperative changes of deviation angle were analysed at postoperative 1 day, 6 months, and 1 year. RESULTS: Average amount of distant horizontal deviation in primary gaze was 32.3+/-9.58 (25-53) @entity1726 , @entity15170 was 3.50+/-2.52 (2-14) @entity1726 . Average vertical deviation of ipsilateral (hypertropic eye) side was 8.8+/-4.63 @entity1726 and contralateral (hypotrophic eye) side was 4.0+/-4.77 @entity1726 in @entity12030 head tilt test. Hypertropic eye was accorded with exotropic eye in 53.4%. After horizontal surgery, the amount of @entity15170 was 1.2 @entity1726 at postoperative 1 day. On @entity12030 head tilt test, @entity15170 was almost eliminated showing 0.6 @entity1726 on the ipsilateral side and 0.2 @entity1726 on the contralateral eye at 1 month. This state was maintained up to postoperative 1 year. CONCLUSION: Small amount of @entity15170 up to 14 @entity1726 in intermittent @entity5770 could be disappeared with horizontal muscle surgery only. However, careful examinations for head tilt history, fovea extorsion, oblique dysfunction, and Maddox rod test should be preceded to rule out true @entity6125 .

title: Surgical outcomes of intermittent XXXX associated with concomitant @entity15170 including simulated @entity6125 after horizontal muscles surgery only.

entities_list: @entity15170 :: ('MESH:D013285', 'Disease') :: ['hypertropia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['Bielschowsky']

entities_list: @entity6125 :: ('MESH:D020432', 'Disease') :: ['superior oblique palsy']

answer: @entity5770 :: (MESH:D005099,Disease) :: ['exotropia']


abstract: @entity191 is associated with @entity2383 . The @entity22992 gene encodes DNA-polymerase y, which is responsible for the replication of mitochondrial DNA. Mutations in @entity22992 cause @entity179 such as progressive external @entity4610 and @entity29409 . In this study, we investigated if mutations in @entity22992 had any correlation with @entity191 . Subjects consisted of Finnish @entity1 with early-onset @entity191 (EOPD, N = 441) or late-onset @entity191 (LOPD, N = 263). The @entity22992 gene was screened for nine previously known mutations. Two @entity1 were compound heterozygotes with respect to putatively pathogenic alleles. Twenty-eight @entity1 harbored a heterozygous missense mutation, but the allele frequencies did not differ from those of the controls. Interestingly, the frequency of affected siblings was 4.6-fold higher (95 % confidence interval; 1.09, 19.5) among the @entity1 with EOPD and with heterozygous @entity22992 mutations than among @entity1 without mutations. Clinically the @entity1 with or without @entity22992 mutations did not differ from each other. Our findings provide two lines of evidence suggesting a role for @entity22992 mutations in @entity191 : (1) identification of @entity1 with compound heterozygous mutations in @entity22992 , and (2) higher frequency of affected siblings among the EOPD @entity1 with heterozygous @entity22992 mutations than among EOPD @entity1 without mutations.

title: Variations of mitochondrial DNA polymerase y in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity29409 :: ('OMIM:203700', 'Disease') :: ['Alpers syndrome']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Previous investigations of @entity4224 response to @entity1 odor components have revealed a number of compounds that attract host-seeking females. However, such studies have utilized only a small number of long-term laboratory Ae. aegypti colonies. Using laboratory y-olfactometers, we studied the attraction of four different Ae. aegypti populations (North Queensland, Australia; Florida, USA; Singapore; and Minas Gerais, Brazil) to a key attractant compound from @entity1 skin, @entity880 . Combinations of @entity880 with @entity3265 and a @entity844 ( @entity50346 ) were also investigated. The aims were to determine the extent of variation in @entity880 dose response among populations and to see whether all four populations responded equally to combinations of @entity1 odor components. Although all Ae. aegypti populations were attracted to @entity880 , there were differences in the threshold dose: Florida 0.03 microg/min, Singapore 0.17 microg/min, North Queensland 1.92 microg/min, and Brazil 10.27 microg/min. Attraction to @entity880 alone (maximum <40%) was significantly lower than for @entity1 odor (>87% for all populations). Significant increases in attraction were observed when @entity880 was combined with @entity3265 or @entity50346 , although not for all populations. In addition, the highest doses of @entity50346 tested decreased attraction when combined with @entity880 . The divergent responses to host kairomones seen here may be evidence of adaptation to locally available hosts in different parts of the geographic range of Ae. aegypti.

title: Geographic variation in attraction to XXXX odor compounds by @entity4224 mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): a laboratory study.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity50346 :: ('MESH:D002208', 'Chemical') :: ['caproic acid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to describe the relationship between cigarette smoking, effect modifiers, and bone density in premenopausal parous @entity1 . We studied a sample of 276 @entity1 (mean age 33 years) from Southern Tasmania. The study factors were cigarette smoking, body mass index (BMI), sports participation, and breastfeeding history. Bone mineral density was measured utilizing an Hologic QDR 2000 densitometer and converted to Z scores using the group mean and variance. There were 118 current smokers and 158 nonsmokers. Smokers had lower bone mass at all sites (femoral neck, -0.32 @entity168 , 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.60 to -0. 04; lumbar spine, -0.49 @entity168 , 95% CI -0.76 to -0.22; total body, -0.40 @entity168 , 95% CI -0.66 to -0.14). Stratifying by BMI revealed that this association was only present, but greater in magnitude, for those with a BMI <25 kg/m2. Smokers who had breastfed at least one @entity1 had an additional deficit in bone mass (femoral neck, -0.48 @entity168 , 95% CI -0.89 to -0.07; lumbar spine, -0.39 @entity168 , 95% CI -0.80 to 0.02; total body, -0.37 @entity168 , 95% CI -0.77 to 0.06) while smokers who took part in competitive sport had significant increments in bone mass (femoral neck, 0.74 @entity168 , 95% CI 0.31 to 1.17; lumbar spine, 0.48 @entity168 , 95% CI 0.03 to 0.93; total body, 0.42 @entity168 , 95% CI 0.00 to 0.84). Neither of these two associations were present in nonsmokers. In conclusion, current smoking was associated with @entity51 in bone mass in our sample of @entity1 , particularly those with a BMI <25 kg/m2. In addition, smoking may prevent the usual postweaning recovery phase of bone after breastfeeding while sports participation may offset the negative effect of smoking on bone mass. These observations need to be confirmed in longitudinal studies but they imply that past studies of smoking in this age group may have missed important associations as they did not consider possible effect modifiers.

title: A cross-sectional study of smoking and bone mineral density in premenopausal parous XXXX : effect of body mass index, breastfeeding, and sports participation.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['substantial deficits']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Endosonography gives detailed information on the internal and external anal sphincters. The goals of this study were to evaluate findings on anal endosonography in @entity1 with anal @entity322 and to study the value of endosonography for selecting the most effective surgical treatment. Forty-eight @entity1 with @entity322 for either gas (17 @entity1 ) or faeces (31 @entity1 ) were studied. Nineteen @entity1 had @entity322 , 29 were incontinent due to previous obstetrical or surgical @entity130 . Endosonography and measurement of anal canal pressures were performed in all @entity1 , 40 had needle electromyography. The endosonograms were evaluated without knowledge of the clinical findings and correlated with the results of needle electromyography, with the anal pressures, and to the type of surgery subsequently performed. In 30 @entity1 surgery was subsequently planned on the basis of the results of endosonography and the anophysiologic examinations. Endosonograms showed defects in 27 external sphincters, 12 of whom had internal sphincter defects also. One @entity1 had an abnormal thinning of the external sphincter. Eight @entity1 had defects of the internal sphincter as the only finding. Twenty-two of the @entity1 with sonographically detected defects or thinning of the external sphincter had an EMG performed, this showed defects of the external sphincter in 18, four defects in the middle and upper anal canal had not been found. There was no correlation between the sphincteric defects found by endosonography and the anal canal pressures. Sphincter reconstruction was offered to most @entity1 with damage to the external sphincter; @entity1 with @entity154 in the internal sphincter or intact internal and external sphincters were offered a number of other surgical procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Anal ultrasonography in anal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['isolated defects']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence', 'idiopathic incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Protein restriction is advocated in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in an attempt to @entity177 , with the most obvious effect in @entity1 with chronic @entity631 ( @entity631 ) and @entity2316 , and much less in other disease entities, such as @entity8 ( @entity8 ), @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ) and @entity9161 ( @entity9161 ). The mechanism by which protein restriction slows down the progression of @entity177 remains unclear. Decline of hyperfiltration has been implicated. Whether long-term protein restriction in @entity1 with @entity740 is associated with a decrease in hyperfiltration is not clear. We studied the effects of prolonged protein intake variation (isocaloric diets in 4-week periods of low (goal: 30-40 g protein daily) and high protein intake (goal: 80-90 g daily) on renal function in 51 @entity1 with @entity740 . @entity1 were divided into subgroups according to the underlying @entity8 ( @entity631 , n = 17; @entity8 , n = 9; @entity1986 , n = 12; @entity9161 , n = 13). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were measured at the end of each study period. Overall, GFR rose from 39 (9-90) to 46 (9-100) ml/min/1.73 m2 (median and ranges, p < 0.01), and ERPF from 158 (39-558) to 171 (32-676) ml/min/1.73 m2 (p < 0.01). GFR rose significantly in @entity631 (15%, range -23 to 51%), @entity8 (5%, range -10 to 33%), and @entity9161 (8%, range -8 to 25%). ERPF only rose significantly in @entity631 (14%, range -45 to 47%) and @entity8 (9%, range -9 to 25%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of changes in daily protein intake on renal function in XXXX : differences in reaction according to disease entity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['adult polycystic kidney disease', 'renal disease', 'APKD']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity9161 :: ('MESH:D009400', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency', 'CRI']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'slow down further renal function deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis', 'TIN']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Skin and soft tissue @entity281 in @entity82 is considered a non-severe @entity281 , but specific information is lacking. This study aimed at assessing the characteristics, occurrence of @entity177 , and outcome of cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity9244 . METHODS: Ninety-two @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity9244 admitted to hospital within a 6-year period were retrospectively analyzed. A control group matched by severity of @entity409 , admitted for reasons other than @entity281 , was also studied. RESULTS: Resolution of the @entity281 was achieved in 96% of @entity1 . Twenty (21.7%) @entity1 with @entity9244 developed @entity177 , compared to only five @entity1 (5.4%) of the control group (p=0.001). @entity177 was persistent despite @entity281 resolution in 10 of the 20 @entity1 vs. none of the control group. @entity177 was associated with poor prognosis. @entity2753 developed in 40% and 25% of the @entity281 and control group, respectively (p=0.028). Within a 3-month follow-up period, 25 @entity1 (23%) with @entity9244 died or were transplanted compared to only four @entity1 (4%) of the control group (p<0.001). Factors independently associated with mortality in the @entity281 group were: site of acquisition of the @entity281 and MELD- @entity1372 score at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Skin and soft tissue @entity281 is a severe complication of @entity82 with high frequency of @entity177 and @entity2753 that may persist despite resolution of the @entity281 . MELD- @entity1372 score is useful to assess 3-month mortality in these @entity1 .

title: @entity177 and @entity2753 in @entity1 with @entity82 and XXXX . A retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity9244 :: ('MESH:D018461', 'Disease') :: ['skin and soft tissue infection']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia', 'Hyponatremia']

answer: @entity9244 :: (MESH:D018461,Disease) :: ['skin and soft tissue infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to assess the inter-observer agreement of standard joint count and to compare clinical examination with grey scale ultrasonography (US) findings in @entity1 with early @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: The study was conducted on 44 @entity309 @entity1 with a disease duration of <2 yrs. Clinical evaluation was performed independently by two rheumatologists for detection of tenderness in 44 joints and swelling in 42 joints. All @entity1 underwent US assessment by a rheumatologist experienced in this method and blinded to the clinical findings. @entity32 was detected by US when synovial fluid and/or @entity1184 was identified using OMERACT preliminary definitions. The inter-observer reliability was calculated by overall agreement (percentage of observed exact agreement) and kappa (kappa)-statistics. The reliability of US was calculated in 12 @entity309 @entity1 . RESULTS: There was fair to moderate inter-observer agreement on individual joint counts for either @entity4 apart from the glenohumeral joint. US detected a higher number of inflamed joints than did clinical examination. The mean (+/-S.D.) US joint count for @entity32 was 19.1 (+/-4.1), while the mean (+/-S.D.) number of swollen joints was 12.6 (+/-3.6), with a significant difference of P = 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence in favour of the hypothesis that clinical examination is far from optimal for assessing @entity32 in @entity1 with early @entity309 . Furthermore, this study suggests that US can considerably improve the detection of signs of @entity32 both in terms of sensitivity and reliability.

title: Inter-observer agreement of standard joint counts in early XXXX : a comparison with grey scale ultrasonography--a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['joint inflammation', 'Joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness or joint swelling']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: AIMS: Hepatic resection can cure @entity157 ( @entity157 ). However, the optimal extent of resection remains controversial. Major hepatectomy could minimize a @entity5 recurrence, but it is harmful due to decreased hepatic functional reserve. @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans are known as their reflection @entity5 differentiation and biological activity in @entity157 . To evaluate a benefit of major hepatectomy for @entity157 , we performed this retrospective analysis in @entity1 with well-preserved hepatic function, and further analyzed in the subset identified by preoperative FDG-PET. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 189 @entity1 with @entity157 who underwent curative resection between August 2004 and December 2010 at two institutes. All @entity1 underwent anatomical resection, either by major or minor hepatectomy. RESULTS: Median overall survival did not differ significantly between the major and minor hepatectomy groups (29.4 versus 26.3 months, p = 0.269). However, the major hepatectomy group had a better recurrence-free survival (24.5 versus 19.9 months, p = 0.004). On multivariate analysis, the presence of intrahepatic @entity3 independently predicted overall survival (p = 0.009), but other examined variables did not. Overall survival and recurrence-free survival were significantly better following major hepatectomy rather than minor hepatectomy in @entity1 whose preoperative FDG-PET indicated that the maximum @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was >= 4 and the @entity5 -to-nontumor SUV ratio (TNR) was >= 1.5. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that preoperative FDG-PET may be useful in identifying @entity1 with favorable hepatic reserve who are most likely to benefit from major rather than minor hepatectomy.

title: A survival benefit of major hepatectomy for @entity157 identified by preoperative XXXX positron emission tomography in @entity1 with well-preserved hepatic function.

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'SUVtumor', 'standardized uptake value of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: Neurotransmitter transporters limit transmitter concentration at the postsynaptic membrane by removing neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft. Not only do neurotransmitter transporters contribute to the regulation of synaptic transmission, but they themselves might be dynamically regulated by neuronal activity of the neurons in which they are expressed. In this experiment, we investigated the question of whether the transcription of two different @entity2228 transporters, @entity41303 and @entity41302 , is influenced by neuronal activity. These transporters are found in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. @entity41303 and @entity41302 mRNA were measured by using hybridization histochemistry and a semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Decreases in auditory primary afferent activity, caused by either unilateral labyrinthectomy or disruption of the middle ear ossicles, caused a reduction in @entity41302 , but not @entity41303 mRNA in the ipsilateral DCN and in the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. Acoustic stimulation at either 10 kHz or 40 kHz was used to provide controlled increases in primary afferent activity, evoking localized increases in @entity41302 mRNA in clusters of neurons in the DCN. The location of these clusters corresponded to the regions of the auditory tonotopic map devoted to these frequencies. The duration of changes in @entity41302 mRNA evoked by unilateral labyrinthectomy, measured with the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, was 5-10 days. These data provide the first example of in vivo regulation of transporter transcription by neuronal activity.

title: Neuronally modulated transcription of a XXXX transporter in rat dorsal cochlear nucleus and nucleus of the medial trapezoid body.

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhibitory functioning is assumed to be deficient in some @entity146 , most notably in @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ). In order to investigate inhibitory functioning, priming tasks are commonly used. The present paradigm offers the opportunity to isolate specific distractor features (identity, location) for independent examination. METHODS: Negative priming (NP) for stimulus identity and location was examined in @entity1 with @entity161 (N = 16), @entity1 with @entity3119 (N = 15) and matched controls (N = 16). All groups performed a referent size-selection task in which they were instructed successively to select the larger one of two cardinal numbers. The deeper processing of both stimuli was expected to yield large NP effects that allow the detection of subtle group differences. RESULTS: Large NP effects were found for stimulus identity in all three groups. @entity161 @entity1 differed from normal controls with respect to the amount of incidental location priming. Subgroup analyses of @entity3119 @entity1 showed @entity73 for checkers when the @entity13198 ( @entity13198 ) was short, but large identity NP when the @entity13198 was long. @entity3119 non-checkers showed normal NP patterns with short @entity13198 , but reduced identity NP with longer @entity13198 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity161 @entity1 do not show the ability to use spatial selective attention in order to guide their actions as shown by normal controls. Information processing was differentially impaired in @entity3119 subgroups (checkers and non-checkers) dependent on @entity13198 variation. This result supports those studies that found reduced NP in @entity3119 @entity1 and points to the necessity of differential subgroup studies.

title: Different negative priming impairments in XXXX and subgroups of @entity3119 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['NP impairments']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity13198 :: ('OMIM:610141', 'Disease') :: ['RSI', 'response-stimulus interval']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: This study analyzes the repercusions that education about @entity6 and frequent periodical checkups or intensive followups have on the metabolic control of this disease. A group of 13 young diabetics, ranging in age from 5 to 13.4, were submitted to trimestral clinical and analytical controls during a continuous 36-month period starting at the outset of their illnesses. Each received conventional insulin therapy, two daily injections of a mixture of regular insulin/NPH. Annual checkups registered 3.8 +/- 0.4. Four @entity1 , or 30.8%, had an attack of symptomatic @entity4053 . None of these required hospitalization for @entity1270 . The HblAc level at the outset of their illnesses was very high, 11.2 +/- 2.7%, but this dropped to normal levels, 7.1 +/- 1.5%, during the first trimester of treatment, and stayed quite normal for the duration of the study except at the 21-month checkup, 8.7 +/- 1.8%, and at the 33-month checkup, 8.6 +/- 1.4%. As soon as metabolic irregularities were detected, all that was necessary so that the succeeding checkups improved notably was to review the items which the @entity1 had neglected such as diet and self-checks. The impact of the initial medical report and the educational component of the periodical checkups seem to be the keys for the quality of a @entity1 's metabolical control over time. To sum up, bear in mind that a young @entity6 tends to begin to show difficulties in his/her metabolic control about 21 months after the outset of his/her disease, in spite of an intensive checkup program. To a large degree, a solution will depend on the professional competence of the medical team treating the @entity1 , and moreover, on the degree of knowledge about @entity6 which the @entity1 and/or his/her family have received.

title: [Juvenile onset XXXX : the effect of education for metabolic control].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The induction of gene expression has been correlated with long-lasting neuronal plasticity and long-term memory (LTM) formation. The fast activation of constitutive transcription factors by signaling mechanisms is thought to be the link between synaptic events and gene expression. However, only one constitutive transcription factor, @entity10366 , has been shown to play a key role in several memory paradigms, both in vertebrates and invertebrates. Here, we report evidences for @entity4632 / @entity2451 constitutive transcription factors participation in memory. Using the LTM paradigm in the crab Chasmagnathus, an enhancement of @entity2451 DNA-binding activity was found after spaced training, which induces LTM, but not after massed training which yields an intermediate-term memory (ITM). Such finding is correlated with the requirement of protein synthesis for LTM consolidation but not for ITM. Furthermore, @entity2451 activation was observed after 15 or 30 training trials, which are sufficient to induce LTM, but not after 5 or 10 trials, a number of trials insufficient to induce LTM. The kinetics of activation was studied and two waves of DNA-binding activity were found, similar to the time course described in other systems. @entity2451 activation after training was also found in synaptosomal extracts. The latter result supports the hypothesis of a novel synapse-to-nucleus signaling system, in which the transcription factor is locally activated by synaptic events and then transported to the nucleus.

title: Participation of XXXX /NF-kappaB transcription factors in long-term memory in the crab Chasmagnathus.

answer: @entity4632 :: (5966,Gene) :: ['Rel']


abstract: To evaluate the short and long term outcome of liver resections for @entity157 in cirrhotic @entity1 . A retrospective analysis was performed on 106 consecutive cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity157 resected between June 1974 and September 2002 at the Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni" - University of Rome "La Sapienza" and at the Liver and Multivisceral Transplant Unit of the University of Modena. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on several clinicopathological variables to analyze factors affecting the long-term outcome and intrahepatic recurrence. Overall mortality and morbidity were 10.7% and 26% respectively. These rates significantly decreased in the last years: from 1997 to 2002 no hospital mortality has been recorded. After a median follow-up of 19 months (interquartile range: 10-36), @entity5 recurrence appeared in 25 @entity1 (23,5%). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 86,6%, 70,3%, and 60,6%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 86,3%, 58,1%, and 40,7%. On univariate analysis, viral ethiology of @entity82 (p=0.03), presence of multiple nodules (p=0.02) and vascular invasion (p=0.05) were found to be related to a worse long-term survival. At the multivariate analysis only the viral ethiology of @entity82 and the presence of multiple nodules were confirmed as indipendent prognostic factors. Early results after hepatic resection for @entity157 can be improved by using a limited surgical approach. The viral ethiology of @entity82 , the presence of multiple nodules and vascular invasion negatively affected recurrence rate and long-term survival.

title: Hepatic resections for XXXX ( @entity157 ): short and long-term results on 106 cirrhotic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Whole @entity291 coccygeal discs were cultured under static load, with or without vertebral endplates (VEPs), and assessed for cell viability, biochemical stability, biosynthetic activity, and biosynthetic responsiveness to changes in mechanical load. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of VEPs on biochemical and cellular stability of disc cells during in vitro culture of large disc explants. To determine whether cultured discs could respond to mechanical perturbation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous methods for culturing the intervertebral disc have focused on @entity95 and @entity35 discs, but the small size of these discs limits the relevance of these culture systems to the @entity1 condition. @entity291 coccygeal discs have similar dimensions to the @entity1 lumbar disc (i.e., similar size and nominal stresses), but long-term culture of these discs has not been reported. METHODS: @entity291 coccygeal discs were harvested with or without VEPs, cultured under static load (5 kg, approximately 0.25 MPa, in situ swelling pressure) for up to 1 week, and evaluated for changes in hydration, glycosaminoglycan content, cell viability, and biosynthetic activity. Additionally, the biochemical and biosynthetic response of discs cultured without VEP to increasing the load to a 20-kg (approximately 1 MPa, the estimated stress in @entity1 lumbar disc during heavy lifting) static load for 6 hours was assessed. RESULTS: During the first 24 hours, culturing discs with endplates was moderately better with regards to maintaining in situ anulus hydration and nucleus glycosaminoglycan levels. The endplates, however, obstructed media flow to the disc, resulting in a marked decrease in cell viability after 1 week of culture. Nucleus pulposus cell viability was maintained in discs cultured without endplates, but there was a significant drop in biosynthetic activity within 2 days of culture. Despite this drop, the disc cells in the discs without VEP remained biosynthetically responsive to changes in mechanical loading. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to maintain cell viability and the biosynthetic responsiveness of large discs for up to 1 week in vitro when the discs are cultured under static load and without VEP.

title: In vitro organ culture of the XXXX intervertebral disc: effects of vertebral endplate and potential for mechanobiology studies.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electrical stimulation is currently employed to treat several neurological conditions, including @entity158 and @entity191 . It is one of several minimally invasive alternatives to drug treatments for @entity158 conditions. A number of studies have shown that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an important role in the processing of @entity158 and @entity158 modulation. The purpose of this study is to investigate these @entity9 -relieving effects by delivering electrical stimulation into the ACC of @entity35 models. METHODS: Following the approval of the AAALAC and the Guidelines and Regulations for Use and Care of Animals in Yonsei University, @entity35 were subjected to surgery under pentobarbital anesthesia (50 mg/kg, i.p.) to produce @entity9 . Electrodes were bilaterally implanted into the ACC with a metal holder for the electrical stimulation. The effect of the electrical stimulation of the ACC on the @entity35 @entity9 model was measured by the von Frey test. FINDINGS: The effect of electrical stimulation of the ACC on @entity9 was shown during stimulation at 30, 40, 50, and 60 min, and at 10 min after stimulation. In the @entity158 ACC stimulation group, the response of mechanical allodynia was significantly reduced during the time of ACC electrical stimulation. CONCLUSION: The mechanical allodynia of the @entity9 could be modulated by ACC electrical stimulation.

title: Electrical stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex in a @entity35 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have examined the association between the @entity4187 MspI and exon 7 gene polymorphisms and @entity2 risk in various populations, but their results have been inconsistent. METHODS: To assess this relationship more precisely, a meta-analysis and review were performed. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI database was searched for case-control studies published up to June 2010. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Ultimately, 64 studies, comprising 18,397 subjects from 49 case-control studies of the MspI genotype and 18,518 @entity1 from 40 case-control studies of the exon 7 genotype, were included. A significantly elevated @entity2 risk was associated with 2 MspI genotype variants (for type C vs. Type A: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.12-1.42; for types B and C combined vs. Type A: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.13-1.28) in overall population. In the stratified analysis, a significant association was found in Asians, Caucasians, lung SCC, lung AC and Male population, not in mixed population, lung @entity4153 and female population. However, inconsistent results were observed for @entity4187 exon7 in our meta-analysis, two variants of the exon 7 polymorphism were associated with a significantly higher risk for @entity2 (for @entity2596 / @entity2596 vs. Ile/Ile: OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.09-1.42; for (Ile/ @entity2596 + @entity2596 / @entity2596 ) vs. Ile/Ile: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.07-1.24) in overall population. In the stratified analysis, a significant assocation was found in Asians, Caucasians, lung SCC and Female population, not in mixed population, lung AD, lung @entity4153 and Male population. Additionally, a significant association was found in smoker population and not found in non-smoker populations for @entity4187 MspI and exon7 gene. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that the MspI and exon 7 polymorphisms of @entity4187 correlate with @entity2 susceptibility and there is an interaction between two genotypes of @entity4187 polymorphism and smoking, but these associations vary in different ethnic populations, histological types of @entity2 and gender of case and control population.

title: @entity4187 MspI and exon7 gene polymorphisms and XXXX risk: an updated meta-analysis and review.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['increased lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Neurons in the developing optic tectum adjust their tuning to auditory localization cues in response to chronic @entity432 so that auditory spatial fields align with visual receptive fields (VRFs). We tested whether this adaptive adjustment of auditory tuning requires visual instruction. Both eyelids were sutured closed at the same time that one ear was occluded in two barn owls that were 1 month old. After 70 and 100 d, respectively, the tuning of units to @entity402 ( @entity402 ) and to interaural time difference (ITD) was measured. These data were compared with equivalent data from 15 normal owls. Unit tuning to ITD was shifted from normal in both of the monaurally occluded owls. In one owl, @entity402 tuning was also clearly shifted. In the other owl, the map of @entity402 was flipped upside down and adaptive adjustments in @entity402 tuning could not be assessed. Instead, adjustments in @entity402 tuning were observed following removal of the earplug with the eyelids kept closed. Unit tuning was monitored at several sites in the tectum for 1 month after earplug removal using chronically implanted electrodes. Then, @entity402 tuning was resampled across the entire tectum. Both measures indicated shifts in @entity402 tuning in response to removal of the earplug in the second blind owl. In both animals, the magnitude of the shifts in @entity402 tuning and ITD tuning was smaller than has been observed previously in monaurally occluded but sighted owls. The results demonstrate that the brain can make adaptive adjustments in @entity402 and ITD tuning in response to early @entity432 even without the guiding influence of vision.

title: Vision-independent adjustment of unit tuning to sound localization cues in response to XXXX in developing owl optic tectum.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['monaural occlusion']

entities_list: @entity402 :: ('MESH:C564133', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interaural level difference']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['monaural occlusion']


abstract: @entity6583 ( @entity6583 ) is the most frequent @entity6220 . Other Portuguese works showed it to be endemic in the north of our country. The purpose of this paper is to aid the characterization of @entity6583 in the geographic area of our Institution. We retrospectively reviewed the findings of computed tomography (CT) in 35 @entity1 with @entity6583 , including 23 adults and 12 @entity1 . There was no significant sex predominance in adults, however, in @entity1 the female/male ratio was 2. We found important clinical and radiological differences between adults and @entity1 . In the pediatric age group, the active forms were characteristically solitary or scarce inflammatory lesions. This radiologic picture was associated with neurologic focal signs. In these cases, a trial with anticysticercoid drugs is important to settle the diagnosis and avoid brain biopsy. Almost all of our cases (94%) were parenchymatous forms. This can be explained, in part, by the limitations of CT in the ventricular and cisternal compartments. Magnetic resonance is the ideal method in these locations. About half our @entity1 (49%) were of African origin, most of them immigrants from the former Portuguese colonies where @entity6583 is endemic.

title: [ XXXX . An imaging analysis of 35 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['NCC', 'Neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease of the central nervous system']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['Neurocysticercosis']


abstract: Early and mid-term clinical results of 28 cases of endovascular stent grafting for descending @entity2334 and 11 cases of @entity1028 are reported. Early clinical results: Among 28 @entity1 (7 true @entity2334 , 3 pseudothoracic @entity449 and 8 acute, 4 subacute, and 6 chronic @entity1580 ), two @entity1 (7.1%) with ruptured acute @entity1580 or ruptured infected @entity2849 died in the perioperative period. Two of the remaining 26 @entity1 experienced minor complications. Aneurysmal sacs or false lumens at the descending thoracic aorta were completely thrombosed in the 26 @entity1 . One @entity1 (9.1%) with a @entity1756 died, and one of the remaining 10 @entity1 had @entity1095 . Inadvertent covering of the renal arteries occurred in another @entity1 . Unless one @entity1 had persistent @entity1070 , aneurysmal sacs in the 10 surviving @entity1 were thrombosed. Mid-term clinical results: One @entity1580 at a different section of the descending aorta occurred 6 months after stent grafting for @entity1580 , and one @entity1 died of @entity55 3 months after stent grafting for an @entity1028 . CT scanning 6 months after stent grafting revealed a decrease in maximal aneurysmal size in 3 of 9 @entity1 with true or pseudothoracic @entity439 and in 2 of 5 @entity1 with @entity1028 . Five of 9 @entity1 with stent grafting for acute or subacute dissection showed elimination of the false lumen in the descending thoracic aorta in a CT scan 6 months after grafting. One @entity1 with a true thoracic @entity439 and one @entity1 with an @entity1028 showed an increase in aneurysmal size in a CT scan 2 years and one year after treatment, respectively.

title: [Early and mid-term results of endovascular stent grafting for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['renal and peripheral emboli and peripheral vascular trauma']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissections', 'aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aneurysm']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the frequency of @entity8495 in paediatric handball players. In addition, the players' habits with regard to mouthguard usage, as well as their general knowledge of the prevention of @entity130 ( @entity130 ) were investigated. Data were collected by structured one-to-one interviews with @entity1 of 14 randomly selected handball teams in the amateur national league. METHODS: The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions. The age, gender, @entity130 experience and league status of each interviewee was recorded. The interviews took place mainly at national championships or tournaments. RESULTS: A total of 212 individuals, 74 @entity1 and 138 @entity1 , were interviewed. Forty-one of the 212 @entity1 (19.3  %) had sustained a @entity8495 . The mean age of @entity1 was 12      1.6  years. Concussion was the most frequent finding and the cause of injury was a blow from another player. The number of individuals that were aware of mouthguards was only 15.6  % and surprisingly no players used mouthguards. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that handball players need more knowledge and education considering the prevention of @entity130 from their sports clubs and dentists. The importance of adequate facial protection in contact sports should be endorsed by all sports clubs, and parents advised accordingly.

title: Incidence and prevention of XXXX in paediatric handball players in Istanbul, Turkey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8495 :: ('MESH:D018677', 'Disease') :: ['dental injuries', 'dental injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic dental injuries', 'trauma', 'TDIs']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary arterial @entity101 is a progressive @entity358 with high morbidity and mortality. Compelling evidence suggests that receptor @entity669 kinases, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are closely involved in the pathogenesis of @entity120 . We investigated the effects of 2 novel PDGF inhibitors, @entity10542 / @entity10542 (Abl kinases/PDGF receptor inhibitor) and @entity8947 / @entity8947 (Abl kinases/PDGF receptor/ @entity7242 inhibitor), on the proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and on the hemodynamics and @entity6980 in experimental @entity120 , and determined the expression and regulation of @entity7242 family kinases. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 PASMCs were stimulated by PDGF alone or multiple growth factors to induce proliferation and migration in vitro. @entity8947 (0.03  mol/L), @entity10542 (0.3  mol/L), and @entity2213 (1  mol/L) potently inhibited PDGF-induced @entity4104 and Akt phosphorylation. All 3 inhibitors decreased PDGF-induced proliferation, cell cycle gene regulation, and migration. In contrast, only @entity8947 inhibited multiple growth factor-induced PASMC proliferation, and this was associated with the inhibition of @entity7242 phosphorylation. Combination of specific @entity7242 inhibitors (phosphoprotein phosphatase 1, phosphoprotein phosphatase 2) with either @entity2213 or @entity10542 reduced multiple growth factor-induced proliferation to a similar extent as @entity8947 . Importantly, @entity7242 phosphorylation increased in @entity120 PASMCs compared with control PASMCs. Finally, in vivo @entity8947 (15 mg/kg per body weight) treatment caused a complete reversal of @entity6980 and achieved similar effectiveness as @entity2213 (100 mg/kg per body weight) in both @entity6560 - and @entity519 -induced @entity120 models. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that dual inhibition of PDGF receptor and @entity7242 kinases potently inhibits mitogenic and motogenic responses to growth factors in PASMCs and @entity6980 in vivo so that dual inhibition may represent an alternative therapeutic approach for @entity120 .

title: Role of XXXX @entity669 kinases in experimental @entity120 .

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['BMS-354825', 'dasatinib', 'Dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4104 :: ('6774', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription 3']

entities_list: @entity6560 :: ('MESH:D016686', 'Chemical') :: ['monocrotaline']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular disorder']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity7242 :: (6714,Gene) :: ['Src']


abstract: Posttranslational core histone acetylation is established and maintained by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases. Both have been identified as important transcriptional regulators in various eukaryotic systems. In contrast to nonplant systems where only @entity47782 -related histone deacetylases (HD) have been characterized so far, @entity2829 embryos contain three unrelated families of deacetylases (HD1A, @entity47783 , and HD2). Purification, cDNA cloning, and immunological studies identified the two @entity2829 histone deacetylase @entity47783 forms as close homologues of the @entity47782 -type deacetylase HDAC1. Unlike the other @entity2829 deacetylases, HD1A and nucleolar HD2, @entity47783 copurified as a complex with a protein related to the @entity995 -associated protein, Rbap46. Two @entity47783 mRNA species could be detected on RNA blots, encoding proteins of 58 kDa ( @entity47783 -I) and 51 kDa ( @entity47783 ). @entity47783 -I (zmRpd3) represents the major enzyme form as judged from RNA and immunoblots. Levels of expression of @entity47783 -I and -II mRNA differ during early embryo germination; @entity47783 -I mRNA and protein are present during the entire germination pathway, even in the quiescent embryo, whereas @entity47783 expression starts when meristematic cells enter S-phase of the cell cycle. In line with previous results, @entity47783 exists as soluble and chromatin-bound enzyme forms. In vivo treatment of meristematic tissue with the deacetylase inhibitor HC toxin does not affect the expression of the three @entity2829 histone deacetylases, whereas it causes downregulation of histone acetyltransferase B.

title: @entity47782 -type histone deacetylases in XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although rarely indicated, surgical treatment of severe megaureter can pose a formidable technical challenge, especially in the small @entity1 . We present our experience and outcomes with end cutaneous ureterostomy as a temporizing adjunct to future ureteral reimplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 who underwent end cutaneous ureterostomy between 1993 and 2005. @entity1 demographics, surgical details and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 29 @entity1 (22 males, 7 females) underwent diversion of 34 renal units. Primary megaureter was diagnosed in 15 @entity1 (17 renal units). Secondary megaureter was found in 10 @entity1 (12 renal units). @entity86 was diagnosed in 4 @entity1 (5 renal units). Mean @entity1 age at time of diversion was 3.2 months for those with primary megaureter and 1.4 years overall. Bilateral diversion or diversion of a solitary functioning kidney was performed in 14 @entity1 (48%), of whom 4 had @entity177 . Nine @entity1 (31%) had a febrile urinary tract infection while awaiting undiversion, with no evidence of renal scarring on followup. Undiversion was performed in 12 @entity1 (13 renal units) with primary megaureter at a mean age of 18 months. Overall, undiversion was performed in 21 @entity1 (23 renal units), and ureteral tailoring was required in only 5 renal units (22%). Mean followup after undiversion was 4.2 years for primary megaureter and 3.9 years overall. CONCLUSIONS: End cutaneous ureterostomy is a safe and effective procedure to temporize massive @entity3041 while awaiting definitive ureteral reimplantation.

title: End cutaneous ureterostomy for the management of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative megaureter']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

answer: @entity3041 :: (MESH:D006869,Disease) :: ['hydronephrosis']