abstract: Neutrophil collagenase ( @entity5952 [ @entity5952 ]) is an important mediator of tissue destruction in inflammatory diseases. Studies of anaerobic periodontal @entity281 have shown that active @entity5952 in gingival crevicular fluid is associated with the degradation of periodontal tissues in progressive @entity2521 whereas the latent enzyme is predominant in @entity2522 . Since the activation of @entity5952 appears to be a crucial step in @entity2521 , we have examined the activation of @entity5952 in gingival crevicular fluid samples by using a soluble biotinylated collagen substrate. Analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in @entity2521 , @entity2522 , and controls revealed sixfold (P < 0.001)-higher levels of active collagenase in @entity2521 (n = 12) samples compared to @entity2522 (n = 17) samples, which exhibited low levels of activity, while controls (n = 25) showed no activity. After gingival crevicular fluid was collected, no further activation of latent collagenase occurred in vitro. Although both @entity3334 and @entity5952 , but not @entity1550 , could be detected by immunoblots, blocking antibodies to @entity3334 showed that collagenase activity was largely contributed by @entity5952 , which was localized to the matrix of diseased tissues. The @entity5952 in gingival crevicular fluid migrated primarily as a 60-kDa form with smaller amounts of a 78-kDa species, whereas @entity5952 isolated from peripheral neutrophils migrated at 70 and 89 kDa, corresponding to active and latent forms of the enzyme, respectively. Most of the @entity5952 in the 60- and 70-kDa bands selectively bound to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 and collagen, indicating that most, but not all, of the enzyme in these bands was in an activated form. However, the amounts of the 78- and 60-kDa forms from gingival crevicular fluid in different samples did not correlate (r2 = 0.028) with the latent and active enzyme measured by collagenase assay. Collectively, these studies have identified distinct forms of latent and active @entity5952 in gingival crevicular fluid that appear to result from a unique activation mechanism that occurs in @entity2521 . The complexity of @entity5952 activation is further indicated by the presence of latent, activated, and superactivated forms of @entity5952 in the 60- and 70-kDa bands obtained from gingival crevicular fluid and neutrophil samples, respectively.

title: Activation of neutrophil collagenase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity5952 :: ('4317', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 8', 'MMP-8']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: In a study of 10 @entity1 with @entity75 that manifested as simultanagnosia, our aims were (1) to elucidate their clinical, neuropsychologic, and radiologic findings to determine whether these @entity1 might represent a group distinguishable from those with typical @entity195 and (2) to help clinicians recognize this entity. All @entity1 were initially examined by ophthalmologists because of @entity227 , and the simultanagnosia remained undiagnosed until nonophthalmologic complaints developed. @entity2055 developed in six @entity1 , and all @entity1 had mildly @entity1319 . All 10 @entity1 could identify colors appropriately. Nine @entity1 had @entity51 ( @entity5547 , @entity393 , @entity5545 , and @entity1055 ) but were fluent and had relative preservation of sentence repetition, and four performed in the normal range on a test of associative fluency. Two @entity1 scored in the normal range on memory tests, all had preserved insight, and nine had no family history of degenerative @entity303 . The mean age at onset of the disorder was 60 years (range, 50 to 69). Neuroimaging disclosed prominent bilateral occipitoparietal @entity194 in nine @entity1 and generalized @entity194 in one. With this unusual but consistent clinical, neuropsychologic, and anatomic profile, these @entity1 are clinically distinguishable from those with typical @entity195 , but until a specific cause has been found, we cannot be certain that they constitute a specific biologic entity. Clinicians should consider this diagnosis in relatively young @entity1 who have slowly progressive nonocular visual complaints.

title: Simultanagnosia as the initial sign of degenerative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual difficulties']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative brain disease']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['impaired eye movements']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['language deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased auditory comprehension']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['Optic ataxia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although less studied than other types of familial losses, the loss of a sibling could be a potential trigger of @entity64 as it represents a stressful life event. We studied the association between loss of a sibling and @entity64 up to 18 years since bereavement. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a follow-up study between 1981 and 2002, based on register data covering the total population of Swedes aged 40-69 years (n=1,617,010). An increased risk of @entity64 (1.31 CI: 1.05, 1.62) was found among @entity1 who had experienced the loss of a sibling. No increase in the overall mortality risk was found in @entity1 (1.11 CI: 0.92, 1.33). An elevated risk in the short term (during the second and third half-year after the @entity204 ) was found among both @entity1 and @entity1 , whereas longer-term elevation in risk was found primarily for @entity1 . Both external (1.47 CI: 1.00, 2.17) and not external (1.26 CI: 1.00, 1.60) causes of sibling @entity204 showed associations among @entity1 . In @entity1 , an association was found only if the sibling also died from @entity64 (1.78 CI: 1.00, 3.17). However, among @entity1 , we found an increased risk of @entity64 mortality if the sibling died from causes other than @entity64 (1.30 CI: 1.04, 1.62). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The findings suggest an increased risk of dying from @entity64 mortality after the @entity204 of a sibling, and that bereavement affects particularly @entity1 . It is important for health care workers to follow bereaved siblings and recognize potential changes of stress-levels and health related behaviours that could lead to risk of @entity64 .

title: @entity64 after the XXXX of a sibling: a nationwide follow-up study from Sweden.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'fatal stroke']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity137 and @entity6715 are @entity395 that usually follow drug-exposures. The authors present one retrospective study with their management and focus their retrospective analysis on finding prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed charts of admitted @entity1 from January 1995 to December 2005. Only those with an histologic-proved diagnosis were included in the study. Causative drugs, symptoms, management and outcome were recorded and analysed. RESULTS: We found 32 @entity1 that met inclusion criteria. Mortality rate was 34.4% (11/32). Age, delay of referral, Total Burn Surface Area, white blood cells, @entity1011 , blood @entity1372 , immunoglobulins therapy and more than two different types of blood bacterial species isolated were significantly correlated with @entity204 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm prognostic factors already present in literature and find that the number of different bacterial species isolated from blood increase mortality. Further prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

title: XXXX and @entity6715 : 11-years experience and outcome.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Steven Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Based on the evaluation of results we prove authorization of our elected approach to the treatment of @entity548 @entity10189 with the restrained and careful choice of @entity1 for surgeries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors analyse in a retrospective study a group of 45 @entity1 operated on for @entity548 @entity10189 in the period from 2001 to 2005 year. Only @entity1 with actual conservatively or endoscopically ensolvable @entity548 were consistenly indicated for surgery. We prefered the local surgical hemostasis procedure. RESULTS: In the period from 2001 to 2005 year 45 @entity1 were operated on. Altogether 9 @entity1 died (20.0%). It was needed reoperated 8 @entity1 (17.8%) for @entity548 recurrence. In most cases (39 i.g. 86.7%) local surgical procedures were done. CONCLUSION: Our reached results give clear warrant to the conservative surgical treatment, when only @entity1 with @entity548 from @entity10189 are indicated for surgery and the aim of local surgical procedure is safe hemostasis. Our results are comparable with data in literature.

title: [Surgical treatment of @entity548 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'actual endoscopically ensolvable bleeding']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['gastroduodenal ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anticonvulsant drugs have been used in the management of @entity158 since the 1960s. The clinical impression is that they are useful for chronic @entity9 , especially when the @entity158 is lancinating or burning. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the analgesic effectiveness and adverse effects of @entity2682 for @entity158 management in clinical practice. SEARCH STRATEGY: Randomised trials of @entity2682 in acute, chronic or @entity5 were identified by MEDLINE (1966-Nov 2004), EMBASE (1994-Nov 2004), SIGLE (1980-Jan 2004) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2004). Additional reports were identified from the reference list of the retrieved papers, and by contacting investigators. Date of most recent search: January 2004. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials reporting the analgesic effects of @entity2682 in @entity1 , with subjective @entity158 assessment as either the primary or a secondary outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by two independent reviewers, and trials were quality scored. Numbers-needed-to-treat (NNTs) were calculated, where possible, from dichotomous data for effectiveness, adverse effects and drug-related study withdrawal. MAIN RESULTS: Fourteen reports describing 15 studies of @entity2682 were considered eligible (1468 @entity1 ). One was a study of acute @entity158 . The remainder included the following conditions: post-herpetic @entity9 (two studies), @entity3949 (seven studies), a @entity5 related @entity9 (one study) phantom @entity158 (one study), @entity5011 (one study) , spinal chord @entity158 (one study) and various @entity9 (one study). The study in acute post-operative @entity158 (70 @entity1 ) showed no benefit for @entity2682 compared to placebo for @entity158 at rest. In @entity1118 , the NNT for improvement in all trials with evaluable data is 4.3 (95%CI 3.5-5.7). Forty two percent of @entity1 improved on @entity2682 compared to 19% on placebo. The number needed to harm( @entity10575 ) for adverse events leading to withdrawal from a trial was not significant. Fourteen percent of @entity1 withdrew from active arms compared to 10% in placebo arms. The @entity10575 for minor harm was 3.7 (95% CI 2.4 to 5.4). The NNT for effective @entity158 relief in @entity3949 was 2.9 (95% CI 2.2 to 4.3) and for post herpetic @entity9 3.9 (95% CI 3 to 5.7). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to show that @entity2682 is effective in @entity9 . There is limited evidence to show that @entity2682 is ineffective in acute @entity158 .

title: XXXX for acute and @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'injury pain', 'limb pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuralgia', 'neuropathic pains']

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['Gabapentin']


abstract: @entity5 vaccines have always been a subject of gene therapy research. One of the most successful approaches has been working with genetically modified @entity5 cells. In this study, we describe our approach to achieving an immune response against a @entity19 @entity320 model, employing B16 @entity5 cells expressing @entity2304 and @entity11787 . Wild B16 cells were injected in C57BL6 @entity19 to cause the @entity5 . Irradiated B16 cells transfected with @entity2304 , @entity11787 , or both, were processed as a preventive and therapeutic vaccination. @entity5 volumes were measured and survival curves were obtained. Blood samples were taken from mice, and IgGs of each treatment group were also measured. The regulatory T_#160;cells (Treg) of selected groups were quantified using counts of images taken by confocal microscopy. RESULTS: one hundred percent survival was achieved by preventive vaccination with the group of cells transfected with p2F_ @entity2304 . Therapeutic vaccination achieved @entity5 growth but did not secure overall survival of the animals. Classical Treg cells did not vary among the different groups in this therapeutic vaccination model.

title: Comparative antitumor effect of preventive versus therapeutic vaccines employing B16 @entity320 cells genetically modified to express @entity2304 and XXXX in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'initial inhibition of tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity11787 :: (12524(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['B7.2']


abstract: We have previously demonstrated that intranigral transplantation of fetal ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue and nigrostriatal administration of @entity10157 ( @entity10157 ) restores striatal @entity935 input in hemiparkinsonian @entity35 . Since it has been found that @entity10157 is highly expressed in fetal kidney, we examined the possibility that fetal kidney tissue may provide trophic support, similar to @entity10157 , to an intranigral @entity935 (DA) transplant and restore the nigrostriatal pathway. Adult @entity35 were anesthetized and unilaterally injected with @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) into the medial forebrain bundle. @entity75 was evaluated by measuring @entity4944 -induced rotation. One month after @entity2955 lesioning, fetal VM cells were grafted into the lesioned nigral area followed by transplantation of fetal kidney tissue or vehicle along a pathway from nigra to striatum. Animals receiving these transplants showed a significant decrease both in @entity4944 -induced rotation and in postural asymmetry 1 to 3 months after grafting. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) positive fiber tracts in the lesioned striatum. Control animals that received vehicle injection after the intranigral graft or no transplantation showed no alterations in @entity4944 -induced turning and no TH-positive fibers in the lesioned striatum. These results indicate that combinations of fetal nigral and kidney transplants may restore the nigrostriatal DA pathway in @entity191 @entity35 . As fetal kidney contains a variety of trophic proteins, it may provide a synergistic admixture to optimally promote DA fiber outgrowth.

title: Fetal intra-nigral ventral mesencephalon and kidney tissue bridge transplantation restores the nigrostriatal @entity935 pathway in hemi- @entity191 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Completeness of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity10157 :: ('25453(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GDNF', 'glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Very high gravity @entity3505 mashes containing 20 or more grams of @entity3363 per 100 mL were fermented completely by @entity375 , even though these mashes contained low amounts of assimilable @entity1568 . Supplementation of @entity3505 mashes with various @entity1522 or with @entity375 extract, @entity1133 , or @entity1329 reduced the fermentation time. However, @entity376 or @entity2228 added as single supplements, inhibited @entity375 growth and fermentation. With @entity376 , @entity375 growth was severely inhibited, and a loss of cell viability as high as 80% was seen. Partial or complete reversal of @entity376 -induced inhibition was achieved by the addition of a number of @entity1568 sources. All @entity1568 sources that relieved @entity376 -induced inhibition of @entity375 growth also promoted uptake of @entity376 and restored cell viability to the level observed in the control. They also increased the rate of fermentation. Experiments with minimal media showed that for @entity376 to be inhibitory to @entity375 growth, assimilable @entity1568 in the medium must be in growth-limiting concentrations or totally absent. In the presence of excess @entity1568 , @entity376 stimulated @entity375 growth and fermentation. Results indicate that supplementing @entity3505 mash with other @entity1568 sources increases the rate of fermentation not only by providing extra @entity1568 but also by reducing or eliminating the inhibitory effect of @entity376 on @entity375 growth.

title: Relationship of low XXXX and high arginine concentrations to efficient ethanolic fermentation of @entity3505 mash.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['lysine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To classify the external auditory canal @entity3540 (EACC) by high-resolution temporal bone CT scans and the clinical findings of the @entity1 , and to discuss the clinical and imaging characteristics and the surgical management of the extensive EACC. METHOD: A retrospective study was carried out among 56 @entity1 (58 ears) with EACC and their clinical data were carefully analyzed. We classified EACC as the extensive type and the localized type. The operation strategy depended on the extent of lesion. All cases were followed up for 1 to 6 years after surgery. RESULT: There were 31 @entity1 with localized EACC, 2 with no @entity79 and 29 (31 ears) with @entity2167 @entity1 with extensive EACC, 16 with @entity79 of intra temporal bone and 9 with @entity79 of extra temporal bone. Among all the 25 @entity1 with the extensive type, the most common symptoms were @entity2972 , @entity7867 and @entity393 , with 25, 23, 22 cases, respectively. The tympanic membrane (TM) was intact in 23 @entity1 and perforated in two. The mastoid air cells in 23 @entity1 were involved by the lesion, as well as tympanic antrum in eight, tympanic cavity in two, sigmoid sinus bony wall in five, mastoid segment of facial canal in four, and temporomandibular joint in two @entity1 . Twenty @entity1 underwent modified radical mastoidectomy, only one underwent reconstruction of ossicular chain, and four underwent canaloplasty. The average time of ear dry after surgery was 29 days. The postoperative hearing was improved by an average of 15 dB. No recurrence except for one @entity1 was found during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: It was of important clinical significance to classify EACC as the extensive type and the localized type. The extensive EACC was misdiagnosed easily because of the complicated clinical manifestations. The classification was helpful for the diagnosis and the selection of surgery strategy of EACC.

title: [Clinical characteristics and surgical management of extensive XXXX of external auditory canal].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion within external auditory canal, and 25']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['cholesteatoma']


abstract: Five @entity1 with @entity1619 ( @entity1619 ) were treated by irradiation. Of the five @entity1 , four were irradiated only locally to enlarged lymph nodes or cutaneous lesions as a palliative therapy. The other @entity1 was given a single dose of 10 Gy to the total body as a definitive treatment, followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation. All five @entity1 were treated by combined chemotherapy before irradiation. @entity1600 and cutaneous lesions was achieved with a dose of 20 to 30 Gy. Four @entity1 died within three months after radiotherapy, but there was no recurrence in the radiation field while new lesions developed. One @entity1 in whom cutaneous lesions developed again after nine months of remission was alive at 10 months after irradiation. These @entity1 responded poorly to chemotherapy. @entity75 produced by @entity1619 were sensitive to irradiation and could be controlled by moderate irradiation doses without severe side effects. Radiotherapy did not prolong survivals, but it should be considered as a palliative method in multimodal treatment for @entity1619 .

title: The role of radiation therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['ATL', 'adult T-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Complete reduction of lymph node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Local lesions']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['adult T-cell leukemia']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that @entity876 mutations (mp53) are associated with decreased expression of @entity3499 ( @entity3499 ) and that decreased @entity3499 expression is associated with lymph node @entity3 . DESIGN: A retrospective study of lymphatic mapping and pathologic determination of angiogenesis markers in primary @entity14 . SETTING: Tertiary care @entity5 institute. @entity1 : Sixty-one @entity1 with @entity14 underwent lymphatic mapping. Lymph nodes that stained negative by @entity1710 - @entity1711 were examined with immunohistochemistry for micrometastases. @entity5 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for mp53 and @entity3499 expression. The t test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to examine the mean difference in @entity3499 expression between @entity5 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mutant @entity876 expression, @entity3499 expression, and metastatic progression. RESULTS: Thirty-six of the 61 @entity1 (59%) had nodal @entity3 shown by @entity1710 - @entity1711 or immunohistochemistry in the sentinel node (N2, N1, N1mi, or N0[i+]). @entity1 with a truly negative sentinel node (pN0[i-][sn]) had significantly higher @entity3499 expression compared with those with some degree of nodal @entity3 (57.7 vs 30.1; P < .001). Acquisition of mp53 was associated with a decreased mean @entity3499 expression. @entity5 without mp53 expression had a mean @entity3499 optical density value of 51.3 while @entity5 with elevated mp53 had a mean @entity3499 optical density value of 31.8 (P < .03). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with primary @entity14 with low @entity3499 expression, with or without detection of mp53 gene product, are more likely to harbor @entity1600 than @entity1 with higher expression. @entity1 with a truly negative sentinel node (pN0[i-][sn]) frequently have higher expression of @entity3499 that may have inhibited metastatic progression. Further studies will investigate the relationship between mp53, @entity3499 expression, and disease progression.

title: Association of angiogenesis markers with XXXX in early @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'Primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: Specific weak time varying pulsed @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) have been shown to alter animal and @entity1 behaviors, including @entity158 perception and postural sway. Here we demonstrate an objective assessment of exposure to @entity2194 's on @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity239 ( @entity239 ) @entity1 and healthy controls using standing balance. 15 @entity309 and 15 @entity239 @entity1 were recruited from a university hospital outpatient Rheumatology Clinic and 15 healthy controls from university students and personnel. Each subject stood on the center of a 3-D forceplate to record postural sway within three square orthogonal coil pairs (2 m, 1.75 m, 1.5 m) which generated a spatially uniform @entity2194 centered at head level. Four 2-min exposure conditions (eyes open/eyes closed, sham/ @entity2194 ) were applied in a random order. With eyes open and during sham exposure, @entity239 @entity1 and controls appeared to have similar standing balance, with @entity309 @entity1 worse. With eyes closed, postural sway worsened for all three groups, but more for @entity309 and @entity239 @entity1 than controls. The @entity5043 Quotient (eyes closed/eyes open) was highest among @entity239 @entity1 . Mixed design analysis of variance on the @entity551 ( @entity551 ) movements showed a significant interaction of eyes open/closed and sham/ @entity2194 conditions [F=8.78(1,42), P<0.006]. @entity5043 Quotients of @entity551 movements improved significantly with @entity2194 exposure [F=9.5(1,42), P<0.005] and @entity551 path length showed an interaction approaching significance with clinical diagnosis [F=3.2(1,28), P<0.09]. Therefore @entity309 and @entity239 @entity1 , and healthy controls, have significantly different postural sway in response to a specific @entity2194 .

title: A comparison of @entity309 and @entity239 XXXX and healthy controls exposed to a pulsed (200 microT) magnetic field: effects on normal standing balance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['magnetic fields', 'pulsed MF', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['center of pressure', 'COP']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha ( @entity1570 alpha) and its cognate chemokine receptor @entity436 act as potent chemoattractants and regulate trafficking and homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells and lymphocytes. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating @entity1570 alpha-driven cell migration are not well defined. In this study, we have explored the roles of the second messenger NO and the transcription factor @entity2451 in @entity1570 alpha-induced T cell migration. @entity1570 alpha treatment of Jurkat T cells increased the activity of NO synthase, which catalyzes the generation of NO. We observed that pretreatment of Jurkat cells or activated PBLs with several NO donors significantly enhanced the @entity1570 alpha-induced migration, whereas various inhibitors of NO synthase markedly abrogated the @entity44508 response in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we observed that inhibitors of the transcription factor @entity2451 , which is linked to NO signaling pathways, also significantly blocked the @entity1570 alpha-induced @entity44508 response. However, these compounds did not have a significant effect on @entity1570 alpha-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. In addition, the MAP/Erk kinase kinase inhibitor @entity4286 did not abrogate @entity1570 alpha-induced @entity6722 . AKT, which has been shown to mediate NO production, was also phosphorylated upon @entity1570 alpha stimulation. These studies suggest that NO-related signaling pathways may mediate @entity1570 alpha-induced @entity6722 , but not mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.

title: Stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha-induced XXXX in T cells is mediated by nitric oxide signaling pathways.

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity44508 :: ('MESH:C565371', 'Disease') :: ['chemotactic']

answer: @entity6722 :: (MESH:C565534,Disease) :: ['chemotaxis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) produces a protective effect against @entity741 and @entity5721 . @entity2614 , which is used for anesthesia in cardiac problem @entity1 , also has a protective effect. This study is designed to reveal the effects of @entity3958 under @entity2614 using @entity35 hearts. METHODS: The hearts were Langendorff-perfused, subjected to 30 minutes @entity63 and 60 minutes reperfusion. Group I was a control group. The other groups were pretreated for 15 minutes before @entity63 as follows: 1.6% @entity2614 for group S; 18.5   M @entity3958 S for group H; and 1.6% @entity2614 and 18.5   M @entity3958 simultaneously for group @entity8682 . Hemodynamics and the @entity1188 size were measured. RESULTS: Group @entity8682 presented @entity308 hemodynamics during pretreatment. LV function in group @entity8682 achieved better recovery than group I after reperfusion. The @entity1188 size of groups S, H and @entity8682 was smaller than group I, while there were no differences between groups S, H and @entity8682 . CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous @entity3958 did not enhance the preconditioning effects of @entity2614 . Rather, the results suggest that @entity3958 under @entity2614 might depress hemodynamics.

title: The effects of @entity3957 under @entity2614 administration against XXXX and @entity5721 in isolated @entity35 heart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Limb-sparing surgery for bone and soft-tissue @entity242 involves three phases: (1) resection of the @entity5 with free margins, (2) reconstruction of the @entity79 , and (3) reconstruction of the soft tissues. This presentation focuses on the third phase. Between January of 1988 and January of 1994 we performed 33 distal femoral resections, 32 for malignant and 1 for @entity5 . There were 19 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 aged from 6 to 78 years (mean age 28 years). Twenty-seven @entity1 had gastrocnemius muscle flap transfers, 24 having "primary" transfers and 3 having "secondary" transfers. The lateral gastrocnemius muscle was used in 18 @entity1 , the medial in 8 @entity1 , and both in 1 @entity1 . We propose a classification of the transfers based on the size of the soft-tissue defect above the prosthesis needing coverage and the length of the neurovascular bundle of the muscle. Twenty-six of the 27 muscles survived; one @entity1 had @entity39 of the skin and muscle. Two @entity1 had persistent sinuses at the scar that were managed successfully (one of them was before a secondary muscle transfer). Six @entity1 did not have gastrocnemius muscle flap transfers. Two of them had persistent sinuses for years, and one @entity1 had @entity702 " @entity603 " and needed repeated operations including removal of the prosthesis and revision. The particular vascularization of the gastrocnemius muscle (one pedicle at the level of the knee joint) situated close to its origin, the size of the muscle belly, and the fact that it is situated in the dissection field and its transfer does not affect the function of the spared limb make it particularly suitable for the coverage of wide areas of skin and muscle loss at the knee region. In the classification that we propose, type I is reserved for coverage of small areas, while types II and III are used for coverage of larger areas. Flap transfer should be performed primarily at the time of the resection in order to avoid complications of wound healing and to reduce delays in chemotherapy protocols.

title: The role of the gastrocnemius muscle flap in limb-sparing surgery for XXXX of the distal femur: a proposed classification of muscle transfers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and joint defect']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone sarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of "residual/recurrence" @entity5 after a second bladder resection (2nd TUR). METHODS: 40 @entity1 with new or recurrent superficial @entity150 underwent repeat transurethral resection within 3 months after the initial resection. 37 @entity1 were staged as @entity28618 . We study the incidence of @entity5 after the 2nd TUR both macroscopically detected or included in the @entity1494 . We also study the influence of possible factors as the time between both resections, stage, grade, number of @entity5 size, localization in the bladder, primary or recurrent @entity5 and @entity5 pattern. RESULTS: After the 2nd TUR we found @entity5 in 14 of 37 (37.8%) @entity28618 @entity150 . Among the 14 @entity5 , 10 (71.5%) were macroscopically visible @entity5 and 4 cases the @entity5 were found after resection of the @entity1494 of the first resection. We did not find relation between the presence of @entity5 in the 2nd TUR and any of the variables. CONCLUSIONS: After a TUR of superficial @entity150 is not always achieved. The early 3 months cystoscopy may not find @entity41 . Although we have found @entity5 in 37.8% in the 2a TUR we can not recommend routine 2nd TUR in superficial @entity150 .

title: [Second resection in XXXX with @entity28618 @entity150 ].

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder scar']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer', 'bladder tumor the complete removal of tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Two retrospective cohort studies were conducted to assess the risk of @entity5 among workers exposed to @entity33426 ( @entity44471 ) ( @entity2723 ). One is a study of incidence and mortality among 2314 production workers employed in the @entity2723 production plant in Yerevan, Armenia, between 1940 and 1988. The cohort was followed up for @entity5 incidence for the years 1979-1990 and for @entity5 mortality for 1979-1988. The second study is a mortality study among 5185 shoe manufacturing workers in Moscow who used @entity5758 latex and glue. Shoe workers were employed between 1940 and 1976, and followed from 1979 through 1993. The standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated using the Armenian and Moscow population as reference. An internal comparison analysis based on Poisson regression modeling was conducted. In the Yerenan cohort, incidence and mortality from all @entity5 were below expectation, but increased incidence (SIR, 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47-7.27), and mortality (SMR, 3.39; CI, 1.09-10.5) from @entity96 were noted. A dose-response relationship was suggested between the risk of @entity96 and indices of @entity2723 exposure. For the entire Moscow cohort, all-cause mortality was close to expectation and all- @entity5 mortality was increased. There was an increase in the mortality from @entity96 (SMR, 2.4; CI, 1.1-4.3), @entity703 (SMR, 1.8; CI, 0.9-3.4), and @entity1778 (SMR, 1.9; CI, 1.0-3.3). Mortality from @entity96 and @entity1778 was associated with various indicators of @entity2723 exposure. A similar, although less consistent, pattern was found for @entity703 . The association between @entity2723 exposure and risk of @entity1778 may be due to concomitant exposure to @entity7935 . The results for @entity96 point towards a @entity2723 .

title: Cohort studies of XXXX -exposed workers in Russia.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity5758 :: ('MESH:D009387', 'Chemical') :: ['polychloroprene']

entities_list: @entity44471 :: ('CHEBI:39481', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chloro-1,3-butadiene']

entities_list: @entity33426 :: ('MESH:D002737', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroprene']

entities_list: @entity2723 :: ('MESH:C566991', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenic effect of CP', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity33426 :: (MESH:D002737,Chemical) :: ['chloroprene']


abstract: @entity1425 is a potent bronchodilator currently used to treat severe @entity565 , although there is no proven advantage of this drug over @entity2263 adrenergic agonists. By contrast, as demonstrated here, the use of such a potent vasoconstrictor can worsen hemodynamic status when left @entity67 is associated with @entity565 or is the cause for @entity1353 . We describe the case of a 60-year-old @entity1 with an history of chronic @entity3617 admitted for status asthmaticus. Bronchodilator therapy, including high dosages of intravenous @entity1425 , failed to improve the @entity1 and he was intubated and mechanically ventilated. Several hours later, a right heart catheterization revealed severe unexpected left @entity299 with a capillary wedge pressure of 45 mmHg and a cardiac index of 1.7 l/min/m2. @entity1425 was gradually stopped which resulted in a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and an improvement of hemodynamic status. He was discharged on home mechanical ventilation. In this @entity1 , ischemic @entity712 was revealed by a clinical picture mimicking status asthmaticus. @entity1425 , given as bronchodilator therapy on an empiric basis precipitated the @entity1 into @entity1455 . Therefore this drug should not be recommended in face of the possibility of @entity299 or associated @entity299 .

title: XXXX presenting as status asthmaticus: deleterious effect of @entity1425 therapy.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['left heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart dysfunction', 'cardiac asthma', 'cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Temporal bone @entity3976 and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity2972 can lead to life-threatening sequelae such as @entity693 and @entity1779 . @entity28 has been associated with spontaneous CSF leaks. We wished to determine if there were differences in the body mass index (BMI) of @entity1 with spontaneous temporal bone @entity3976 /CSF leaks and nonspontaneous temporal bone @entity3976 /CSF leaks to help determine if @entity28 may be associated with their development. STUDY DESIGN: Single institution retrospective comparison. METHODS: Demographic and clinical information was obtained from 20 @entity1 treated for surgically confirmed temporal bone dehiscence leading to @entity3976 and/or CSF @entity2972 . Statistical analysis was performed on @entity1 with spontaneous and nonspontaneous @entity3976 /CSF leaks to determine if there were differences in the degree of @entity28 between these groups. RESULTS: Temporal bone dehiscence was spontaneous in 11 @entity1 , related to @entity281 in 4 @entity1 , posttraumatic in 3 @entity1 , postsurgical in 1 @entity1 , and because of massive @entity1276 in a final @entity1 . The average BMI for @entity1 with spontaneous @entity3976 was 33.4 kg/m. The average BMI for @entity1 with nonspontaneous @entity3976 was 27.0 kg/m. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Although several previous studies have demonstrated an association of @entity28 with spontaneous @entity3976 or CSF leaks, this study is one of the first to demonstrate a statistically significant increase in BMI for @entity1 with spontaneous @entity3976 and CSF leaks as compared with @entity1 developing them for other reasons. This suggests a potential etiologic role of @entity28 in the development of spontaneous @entity3976 and CSF leaks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: The role of @entity28 in spontaneous temporal bone XXXX and CSF leak.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['encephaloceles', 'encephalocele']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebritis']

answer: @entity3976 :: (MESH:D004677,Disease) :: ['encephaloceles']


abstract: We have investigated the value of both conventional and quantitative flow cytometry to detect minimal @entity66 in 21 @entity1072 @entity1 in remission including bone marrow histology: eight in complete remission (CR), 11 in nodular partial remission (nPR) and two in PR. The techniques used were double immunostaining with @entity5893 and @entity1075 and quantitative estimation of the number of both antigens with standard microbeads. Reference values were established on normal peripheral blood and bone marrow controls. @entity1 were considered in 'immunological' remission when the percentage of @entity5893 + @entity1075 +/total @entity1075 + cells was <25% in PB and <15% in BM. In six of the eight @entity1 in CR, @entity1072 cells were still detectable by flow cytometry. Only two @entity1 , that underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplant, achieved immunological remission. @entity1072 samples showed significantly higher @entity5893 and lower @entity1075 antigen density than normal controls (P < 0.001). Persistence of @entity66 was a predictor of time to progression. None of the two @entity1 in immunological remission relapsed within a period of 13 and 33 months, whilst two of the six @entity1 in CR with positive flow cytometry relapsed 3 and 6 months after achieving CR. This study demonstrates that flow cytometry contributes to increase the sensitivity of the clinicohematological criteria to detect residual malignant cells in @entity1072 @entity1 and may be useful to monitor disease status following treatment.

title: Analysis of @entity66 in XXXX by flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: @entity1401 is one of the most commonly prescribed psychotropics drug all over the world. This suggests that @entity1401 is very effective and safe. A multicentre clinical trial was carried out for assessing its efficacy and side effects. 130 @entity1 suffering from @entity148 , mixed @entity148 and @entity308 and dysthtymia were involved in the trial. During 6 weeks they used to take from 1.5 to 2.5 mg. of @entity1401 daily. Mental state has been assessed with Hamilton rating scales of @entity148 and @entity308 , Montgomery Asberg scale of @entity308 and CGI scales. At the endpoint good recovery was found in 75% of the @entity1 , mild recovery in 19%, and 6% got worse. The effect of treatment depends on individual @entity1 ' traits rather than on initial mental state. Adverse events were noted in a half of @entity1 , were not severe and were going down during the treatment. 4.6% of @entity1 dropped out because of adverse events, the others tolerated @entity1401 well.

title: [ @entity1401 in the treatment of @entity148 and mixed @entity148 and XXXX . Results of multicenter clinical trial].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['Alprazolam', 'alprazolam']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorders']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity235 bites that result in @entity130 occur frequently, but how frequently @entity235 bite @entity130 necessitate medical attention at a hospital or hospital admission is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and characteristics of @entity235 bite @entity130 treated in US @entity341 ( @entity341 ). DESIGN: Emergency department survey from the National Center for Health Statistics National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for 1992 to 1994. @entity1 : National probability sample of @entity1 visiting @entity341 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of @entity235 bites treated in @entity341 , defined as a cause of injury recorded as the E-code E906.0. RESULTS: The 3-year annualized, adjusted, and weighted estimate of new @entity235 bite-related @entity130 to US @entity341 was 333687, a rate of 12.9 per 10000 @entity1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.5-15.4). This represents approximately 914 new @entity235 bite @entity130 requiring @entity2613 visits per day. The median age of @entity1 bitten was 15 years, with @entity1 , especially @entity1 aged 5 to 9 years, having the highest incidence rate (60.7 per 10000 @entity1 for @entity1 aged 5 to 9 years). @entity1 seen in @entity341 were more likely than older @entity1 to be bitten on the face, neck, and head (73% vs 30%). We estimated that for each US @entity235 bite fatality there are about 670 hospitalizations and 16000 @entity2613 visits. CONCLUSIONS: @entity235 bite @entity130 are an important source of injury in the US population, especially among @entity1 . Improved surveillance and prevention of @entity235 bite-related @entity130 , particularly among @entity1 , are needed.

title: Incidence of @entity235 bite XXXX treated in @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS', 'boys', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury visits', 'injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: This study tests the hypothesis that arterial vascular stiffening adversely influences in situ left ventricular contractile function and energetic efficiency. Ten reflex-blocked anesthetized @entity235 underwent a bypass operation in which a Dacron graft was sewn to the ascending aorta and connected to the infrarenal abdominal aorta via a plastic conduit. Flow was directed through either native aorta or plastic conduit by placement of vascular clamps. Arterial properties were measured from aortic pressure-flow data, and ventricular function was assessed by pressure-volume (PV) relations. Coronary sinus blood was drained via an extracorporeal circuit for direct measurement of myocardial @entity3612 consumption (MVO2). Data at multiple steady-state preload volumes were combined to derive chamber function and energetics relations. Energetic efficiency was assessed by the inverse slope of the MVO2-PV area relation. Directing flow through plastic versus native aorta resulted in a 60-80% reduction in compliance but little change in mean resistance. Arterial pulse pressure rose from 34 to 99 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Contractile function assessed by the end-systolic PV relation, @entity64 work-end-diastolic volume relation, and dP/dtmax at matched end-diastolic volume did not significantly change. However, MVO2 increased by 32% (p less than 0.01) and was matched by a rise in PV area, such that the MVO2-PV area relation and efficiency was unaltered. The MVO2 required to sustain a given @entity64 volume, however, increased from 20% to 40%, depending on the baseline level (p less than 0.001). Thus, whereas the contractile function and efficiency of normal hearts are not altered by ejection into a stiff vascular system, the energetic cost to the heart for maintaining adequate flow is increased. This suggests a mechanism whereby @entity1 vascular stiffening may yield little functional decrement at rest but limit reserve capacity under conditions of increased demand.

title: Effect of reduced aortic compliance on cardiac efficiency and contractile function of in situ XXXX left ventricle.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the greatest limitations to measuring outcomes in pediatric orthopaedics is the lack of effective instruments. Computer adaptive testing, which uses large item banks, select only items that are relevant to a @entity1 's function based on a previous response and filters items that are too easy or too hard or simply not relevant to the @entity1 . In this way, computer adaptive testing provides for a meaningful, efficient, and precise method to evaluate @entity1 -reported outcomes. Banks of items that assess activity and upper extremity (UE) function have been developed for @entity1 with @entity306 and have enabled computer adaptive tests that showed strong reliability, strong validity, and broader content range when compared with traditional instruments. Because of the void in instruments for @entity1 with @entity5300 ( @entity5300 ) and the importance of having an UE and activity scale, we were interested in how well these items worked in this population. METHODS: Cross-sectional, multicenter study involving 200 @entity1 with @entity5300 was conducted. The box and block test (BBT) and Stereognosis tests were administered and @entity1 reports of UE function and activity were obtained with the @entity306 item banks. Differential item functioning (DIF) was examined. Predictive ability of the BBT and stereognosis was evaluated with proportional odds logistic regression model. Spearman correlations coefficients (rs) were calculated to examine correlation between stereognosis and the BBT and between individual stereognosis items and the total stereognosis score. RESULTS: Six of the 86 items showed DIF, indicating that the activity and UE item banks may be useful for computer adaptive tests for @entity1 with @entity5300 . The penny and the button were strongest predictors of impairment level (odds ratio=0.34 to 0.40]. There was a good positive relationship between total stereognosis and BBT scores (rs=0.60). The BBT had a good negative (rs=-0.55) and good positive (rs=0.55) relationship with the clinical category of @entity5300 and Raimondi classification, respectively. There was a moderate negative (rs=-0.36) and moderate positive (rs=0.47) relationship between total stereognosis and clinical category of @entity5300 and Raimondi, respectively. Individual stereognosis items had moderate (rs=0.34 to 0.45) to good (rs=0.52 to 0.74) correlation with total stereognosis score. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity5300 , there was little to no DIF with item banks of activity and UE functioning. The BBT is a good predictor of degree of impairment. Stereognosis with 2 items may provide comparable information as 12 items. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Level II.

title: Evaluation of the box and blocks test, stereognosis and item banks of activity and upper extremity function in youths with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['BPBP', 'brachial plexus birth palsy']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity5300 :: (MESH:D020516,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus birth palsy']


abstract: 125I- @entity4545 ( @entity1 ) binds with high affinity, specificity, and saturability to @entity35 brain and @entity521 @entity11 hybrid cell (NG 108-15) membranes. Dissociation constants and binding capacities were obtained from Scatchard plots and are 2 nM and 0.62 pmol/mg of protein for @entity35 whole brain and 6 nM and 0.8 pmol/mg of protein for @entity19 cells. Results from competition experiments also indicate that this ligand interacts with high affinity with both mu and delta opioid binding sites, with a slight preference for mu sites, while exhibiting low affinity at kappa sites. We have demonstrated that @entity1 125I- @entity4545 is a useful probe for the investigation of the subunit structure of opioid receptors. The specific cross-linking of this ligand has revealed the presence of four reproducible bands or areas after @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and autoradiography at 65, 53, 38, and 25 kDa. All labeled bands seem to be opioid receptor related since they are eliminated when binding is carried out in an excess of various opiates. The evidence we have obtained using @entity35 whole brain (delta congruent to mu), @entity35 thalamus (largely mu), @entity291 frontal cortex (delta:mu congruent to 2:1), and @entity19 cells (delta) demonstrates that different labeling patterns are obtained when mu and delta binding sites are cross-linked. The pattern obtained on @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis from cross-linked mu sites contains a major (heavily labeled) component of 65 kDa and a minor component of 38 kDa, while patterns from delta sites contain a major labeled component of 53 kDa. This 53-kDa band appears clearly in extracts from @entity19 cells and @entity291 frontal cortex, while in @entity35 whole brain a diffusely labeled region is present between 55 and 41 kDa. In addition, @entity19 cells also display a minor labeled component at 25 kDa. The relationship of the minor bands to the major bands is not clear.

title: Covalent labeling of opioid receptors with radioiodinated XXXX @entity4545 . Identification of binding site subunit.

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['beta-endorphin', 'beta-Endorphin']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['X glioma']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The authors describe the clinical and pathological features of a @entity2460 of the tentorium, a rare location for the @entity5 in the CNS. A 52-year-old lady presented to the neurosurgical services with @entity10 of four months and vertigo of one and a half months duration. On examination, she had left-sided cerebellar signs and @entity1621 . Cranial MR imaging showed an enhancing @entity5 based on the left tentorium. Clinical impression was a @entity1653 . The @entity1 underwent left suboccipital craniectomy. The @entity5 was firm and vascular, extending above the tent through a defect. Total excision was achieved. The correct diagnosis of @entity2460 could be made only by histopathology. @entity2460 of the tentorium, though rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of dural based masses.

title: XXXX of the tentorium: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['Solitary fibrous tumors', 'solitary fibrous tumor']

entities_list: @entity1621 :: ('MESH:C563492', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral papilloedema']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['Solitary fibrous tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) and its @entity597 derivative @entity2990 are neuroactive @entity230 . In the brain, they interact with @entity1246 ( @entity1246 (A)) receptors, which are involved in the regulation of @entity148 and mood. The relevance of circulatory neurosteroids to @entity146 and biological treatment is unknown. METHODS: Basal plasma levels of @entity701 , @entity2494 , and @entity2990 and the @entity2990 - @entity2494 ratio were determined in 17 @entity146 inpatients before and after six electroconvulsive (ECT) therapy sessions, and all changes were statistically analyzed. For baseline values, 25 healthy individuals served as control subjects. Severity of @entity308 and @entity716 in the @entity1 was measured with the @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, respectively. RESULTS: Both basal and post-ECT levels of @entity701 , @entity2494 , and @entity2990 were significantly higher in the @entity1 than in the control subjects. @entity2990 levels in responding @entity1 were higher at completion of treatment than at baseline. @entity1 defined as ECT nonresponders (change in @entity308 < 30% from before treatments) exhibited elevated basal @entity2990 levels compared with ECT responders. CONCLUSIONS: Markedly elevated basal @entity2990 levels (mean + 2 SD of control value) are associated with resistance to ECT and may serve as a potential predictive marker of nonresponsiveness to ECT in @entity308 @entity1 .

title: Basal plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level: a possible predictor for response to electroconvulsive therapy in @entity308 XXXX inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressed', 'Hamilton Depression Rating Scale', 'HDRS']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic']


abstract: Dairy @entity291 breeding organizations tend to sell semen to breeders operating in different environments and genotype x environment interaction may play a role. The objective of this study was to investigate optimization of dairy @entity291 breeding programs for 2 environments with genotype x environment interaction. Breeding strategies differed in 1) including 1 or 2 environments in the breeding goal, 2) running either 1 or 2 breeding programs, and 3) progeny testing bulls in 1 or 2 environments. Breeding strategies were evaluated on average @entity74 of both environments, which was predicted by using a pseudo-BLUP selection index model. When both environments were equally important and the genetic correlation was higher than 0.61, the highest average @entity74 was achieved with a single breeding program with progeny-testing all bulls in both environments. When the genetic correlation was lower than 0.61, it was optimal to have 2 environment-specific breeding programs progeny-testing an equal number of bulls in their own environment only. Breeding strategies differed by 2 to 12% in average @entity74 , when the genetic correlation ranged between 0.50 and 1.00. Ranking of breeding strategies, based on the highest average @entity74 , was relatively insensitive to heritability, number of progeny per bull, and the relative importance of both environments, but was very sensitive to selection intensity. With more intense selection, running 2 environment-specific breeding programs was optimal for genetic correlations up to 0.70-0.80, but this strategy was less appropriate for situations where 1 of the 2 environments had a relative importance less than 10 to 20%. Results of this study can be used as guidelines to optimize breeding programs when breeding dairy @entity291 for different parts of the world.

title: Optimization of dairy XXXX breeding programs for different environments with genotype by environment interaction.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic gain']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of sedation, need for rescue sedation, rates of @entity1576 , and complications of @entity6918 , @entity1280 , and @entity1363 when used for the treatment of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 requiring sedation for acute undifferentiated @entity2146 . METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of agitated @entity341 @entity1 requiring emergent sedation was performed. @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity6918 5 mg, @entity1280 20 mg, or @entity1363 5 mg intramuscularly. Interval measurements were made at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 minutes and included @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) scores, @entity26 saturations, and end-tidal @entity544 levels. RESULTS: A total of 144 @entity1 were enrolled; 50 @entity1 received @entity6918 , 46 received @entity1280 , and 48 received @entity1363 . Adequate sedation (mean @entity1032 score <0) was achieved at 15 minutes in @entity1 receiving @entity1363 (mean @entity1032 score, -0.81) and 30 minutes for @entity1 receiving @entity6918 (mean @entity1032 score, -1.3) and @entity1280 (mean @entity1032 score, -0.74). Rescue medication for sedation was necessary in 38 of 144 @entity1 ( @entity6918 , 5 of 50; @entity1280 , 9 of 46; @entity1363 , 24 of 48; p < 0.05). No @entity943 were identified in any treatment group. @entity1576 that clinically required treatment with supplemental @entity26 occurred in 21 of 144 @entity1 ( @entity6918 , 4 of 50; @entity1280 , 7 of 46; @entity1363 , 10 of 48; p = 0.20). No @entity1 required endotracheal intubation. CONCLUSIONS: Acutely agitated @entity341 @entity1 sedated with @entity6918 or @entity1280 required rescue medications to achieve adequate sedation less frequently than those sedated with @entity1363 . The onset of adequate sedation is delayed with @entity1280 , relative to the other agents.

title: Management of acute undifferentiated @entity2146 in the @entity341 : a randomized double-blind trial of XXXX , @entity1280 , and @entity1363 .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Altered Mental Status Scale', 'AMS']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity6918 :: ('MESH:D004329', 'Chemical') :: ['droperidol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression', 'Respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity6918 :: (MESH:D004329,Chemical) :: ['droperidol']


abstract: PURPOSE: Severe bilateral leg @entity508 can cause severe symptoms and reduced quality of life in affected individuals. It is often unresponsive to treatment. The objective of this study was to review the effectiveness of intrathecal @entity3971 in the treatment of severe bilateral leg @entity508 . METHOD: A retrospective case notes review of @entity1 treated with intrathecal @entity3971 by a rehabilitation service was performed. A simple rating scale based on comments in the case notes was used to identify changes in @entity508 and treatment goals. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 were identified as having been treated with intrathecal @entity3971 over a 10-year period. All @entity1 had improvements in their @entity508 , 34 of which were rated as substantial or excellent. All @entity1 (in whom the effect was documented), except one, had short-term improvement in the goals for treatment, 31 having substantial or excellent improvement. The effect was long lasting in many of the @entity1 . Seven @entity1 required repeat injections with similar outcomes. Seven @entity1 experienced temporary side-effects. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal @entity3971 is a useful alternative in treating selected @entity1 with chronic severe bilateral leg @entity508 that is unresponsive to other treatments.

title: Intrathecal XXXX : an old treatment revisited.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['phenol']


abstract: To investigate the effects of the autocrine loop of @entity470 ( @entity470 )-epidermal growth factor ( @entity4179 / @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) on the proliferation and differentiation of @entity5606 ( @entity5606 ), we used five @entity5606 cell lines, TM87-16, STM91-01, TTC549, TTC642, and YAM-RTK1. RT-PCR analyses revealed expression of @entity470 mRNA in all @entity5606 cell lines. In contrast, the expression of either @entity4179 or @entity7790 mRNA was detected in all @entity5606 cell lines. Expression of @entity4179 , @entity7790 , and @entity470 as determined by immunocytochemical staining and in situ hybridization, correlated with the results of RT-PCR. Upon differentiation-induction with @entity864 ( @entity865 ), in TTC549, showing an expression of @entity7790 but not @entity4179 initially, de novo expression of @entity4179 mRNA appeared abruptly on day 2 of TPA treatment. To confirm the @entity470 - @entity4179 / @entity7790 autocrine loop, we used @entity7790 , @entity4179 , and their antibodies in the cultures. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) to @entity470 alone significantly inhibited the growth of cell line TTC549. However, mAb to @entity4179 or @entity7790 could inhibit proliferation of this cell line only when administrated together. Our findings would suggest that growth of the TTC549 cell line is constitutionally regulated by @entity7790 / @entity470 , but that inhibition of this autocrine mechanism results in transient activation of an autocrine loop involving @entity4179 / @entity470 . Our results may indicate the presence of two different autocrine loops of @entity470 - @entity4179 and / or @entity470 - @entity7790 in @entity5606 cell lines. The heterogeneity of autocrine mechanisms found in @entity5606 cell lines would be consistent with the multiphenotypic diversity and aggressive characteristics of this @entity5 .

title: The autocrine loop of @entity470 -epidermal growth factor / @entity310 in XXXX cell lines: heterogeneity of autocrine mechanism in TTC549.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['enigmatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['MRT', 'malignant rhabdoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity5606 :: (MESH:D018335,Disease) :: ['malignant rhabdoid tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) thickness and @entity227 data from @entity1 with @entity726 were analyzed in the context of a model, to better understand individual variation in structure versus function. METHODS: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) RNFL thickness and standard automated perimetry (SAP) @entity227 were measured in the arcuate regions of one eye of 140 @entity1 with @entity726 and 82 normal control subjects. An estimate of within-individual (measurement) error was obtained by repeat measures made on different days within a short period in 34 @entity1 and 22 control subjects. A linear model, previously shown to describe the general characteristics of the structure-function data, was extended to predict the variability in the data. RESULTS: For normal control subjects, between-individual error (individual differences) accounted for 87% and 71% of the total variance in OCT and SAP measures, respectively. SAP within-individual error increased and then decreased with increased SAP loss, whereas OCT error remained constant. The linear model with variability ( @entity32584 ) described much of the variability in the data. However, 12.5% of the @entity1 ' points fell outside the 95% boundary. An examination of these points revealed factors that can contribute to the overall variability in the data. These factors include @entity6654 , @entity4 , individual variation in field-to-disc mapping, and the location of blood vessels and degree to which they are included by the RNFL algorithm. CONCLUSIONS: The model and the partitioning of within- versus between-individual variability helped elucidate the factors contributing to the considerable variability in the structure-versus-function data.

title: A test of a linear model of glaucomatous structure-function loss reveals sources of variability in retinal nerve fiber and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity6654 :: ('MESH:D019773', 'Disease') :: ['epiretinal membranes']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field measurements']


abstract: The present study evaluates the long-term outcome of elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) in @entity1 with long-bone shaft @entity174 . 70 @entity1 were examined, the present mean age of @entity1 was 12.7 (+/- 3.26) years, mean time interval since surgery was 3.1 (+/- 1.49) years. Following ESIN at the lower extremity (23 femur @entity174 , 14 tibia @entity174 ), keloid formation was remarkable in one @entity1 , range of motion (ROM) was adequate in all but one @entity1 (extension deficit of the hip of 10 degrees). Overall @entity3656 was +4.1 mm (+/- 5.2 mm) following ESIN for femur @entity174 and +3.2 mm (+/- 6.4 mm) following tibia @entity174 . Radiologically, all @entity174 had healed and no signs of @entity2530 ( @entity2530 ) could be detected. Malalignment was documented in one @entity1 following tibia @entity174 (valgus of 12 degrees). Assessment of the upper extremity (28 @entity174 , 5 humerus @entity174 ) revealed keloid formation in 5 @entity1 . Impaired ROM was found in three @entity1 following ESIN for a @entity174 (limited pro-/supination). Radiological controls detected one case of retrocurvation of the humerus (12 degrees, @entity1230 @entity1 ) and one varus deviation of the radius in a 10-year old @entity1 . Questioning the @entity1 about their opinion of the treatment, 93% considered the cosmetic results as good (6% fair), they judged the functional ability as perfect in 91% (9% fair) and 93% expressed great overall content (6% fair, 1% poor). In conclusion, ESIN provides good long-term results and can be a beneficial method for @entity1 with @entity174 .

title: Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) provides good long-term results in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['leg length discrepancy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'forearm fracture', 'forearm fractures', 'long-bone fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['polytrauma']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis', 'AVN']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pediatric long-bone fractures']


abstract: During organogenesis, the heart is one the first organs to develop and the earliest organ to function. The early appearance of cardiac activity in the tubular hearts of @entity1573 and @entity35 embryos was noted many years ago. It arises from two plates of the splanchnic mesoderm which fuse to form a single tubular structure composed of endocardial and myocardial cells and, between them, the extracellular cardiac matrix. There is considerable variation in the formation of the extracellular matrix in the various regions of the heart during development. The endocardial lining cells of the vertebrate embryos show a regional specificity that remains an unexplained phenomenon in cardiac morphogenesis. The great majority of the endocardial lining cells remain epithlial. However, a restricted population of endothelial cells, lining the atrioventricular (AV) canal and the reputed proximal outflow tract (OT), transforms into mesenchyme; the latter being the reputed progenitor of the valves and membranous septa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extracellular cardiac matrix of the @entity1 fetal heart in different regions and in various stages of development, and also the heterogeneity of the endocardial cell lining, in connection with the endothelial cells of other cardiac vessels. Identification of the mesenchymal cells/extracellular matrix was confirmed by immunohistochemical techniques using the following monoclonal antibodies: actin, @entity2283 , @entity2277 , collagen IV and fibronectin. The present results provide evidence that the extracellular matrix of the heart is of mesodermal origin but at the level of the valves the mesenchyme is derived from the endothelial lining cells rather than the primitive mesenchyme.

title: Expression of the intermediate filament XXXX and fibrillar proteins of the extracellular matrix related to embryonal heart development.

answer: @entity2277 :: (7431,Gene) :: ['vimentin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Minimally invasive surgical technics have benefits such as @entity158 , reduced surgical @entity130 , and increased potential to perform as day case surgery, and cost benefit. The primary aim of this prospective, randomized, controlled study was to compare the effects of single incision laparoscopic @entity9834 (SILC) and @entity9834 ( @entity9834 ) procedures regarding @entity282 . METHODS: Ninety adult @entity1 undergoing elective laparoscopic @entity9834 were included in the study. @entity1 were randomized to either SILC or @entity9834 . @entity1 characteristics, postoperative abdominal and shoulder @entity158 scores, rescue analgesic use, and intraoperative and early @entity260 were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 83 @entity1 completed the study. @entity1 characteristics, postoperative abdominal and shoulder @entity158 scores and rescue analgesic requirement were similar between each group except with the lower @entity490 score in @entity9834 group at 30th minute (P = 0.04). @entity2737 was seen in 1 @entity1 in each group. @entity390 occurred in 13 of 43 @entity1 (30%) in the SILC group and 8 of 40 @entity1 (20%) in the @entity9834 group (P > 0.05). Despite ondansetron treatment, 6 @entity1 in SILC group and 7 @entity1 in @entity9834 group vomited (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic surgery, SILC or @entity9834 techniques does not influence the @entity282 and analgesic medication requirements. Our results also suggest that all laparoscopy @entity1 suffer moderate and/or severe @entity490 and nearly half of these @entity1 also suffer from some form of shoulder @entity158 .

title: Effect of laparoscopic XXXX techniques on @entity282 : a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity9834 :: ('MESH:D017562', 'Disease') :: ['CLC', 'cholecystectomy', 'conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'decreased pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity9834 :: (MESH:D017562,Disease) :: ['cholecystectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that @entity1 may remember words learned during apparently adequate anesthesia. Performance on memory tests may be influenced by explicit and implicit memory. We used the process dissociation procedure to estimate implicit and explicit memory for words presented during sedation or anesthesia. METHODS: We investigated intraoperative learning in 72 @entity1 undergoing pervaginal oocyte collection during @entity1875 and @entity680 infusion. One word list was played once before infusion, another was played 10 times during surgery. @entity1503 was taken for @entity1875 assay at the end of the intraoperative list. Behavioral measures of anesthetic depth (eyelash reflex, hand squeeze response to command) were recorded and used to adjust the dose of anesthetic where clinically appropriate. On recovery, memory was assessed using an auditory word stem completion test with inclusion and exclusion instructions. RESULTS: The mean blood @entity1875 concentration was 2.5 microg/ml (median, 2.3 microg/ml; range, 0.7-6.1 microg/ml). Mean @entity680 dose was 2.1 mg (median, 2.0 mg; range, 1.2-3.4 mg). Comparison of target and distractor hits in the inclusion condition showed memory for preoperative words only. However, the process dissociation procedure estimates showed explicit (mean, 0.18; P < 0.001) and implicit (mean, 0.05; P < 0.05) memory for the preoperative words, and a small amount of explicit memory for the intraoperative words (mean, 0.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.10). Memory performance did not differ between the 17 @entity1 who consistently responded to command and eyelash reflex and the 32 @entity1 who remained unresponsive. Blood @entity1875 concentration and @entity680 dose did not correlate with memory for the intraoperative list. CONCLUSIONS: There was no unprompted recall of surgery, but the process dissociation procedure showed memory for words presented during surgery. This memory was apparently explicit but did not correlate with the measures of depth of anesthesia used.

title: An investigation of learning during XXXX sedation and anesthesia using the process dissociation procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Venous blood']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the response rate and associated @entity137 of weekly @entity2600 in squamous @entity189 . METHODS: From October 1994 to May 1996, the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) conducted a Phase II trial in @entity1 with recurrent @entity957 . The schedule employed weekly x4 intravenous @entity2600 at 125 mg/m2 followed with a 2-week rest, to be repeated until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . Eligibility criteria were a GOG performance status of 0-2, adequate bone marrow reserve, adequate liver function, and serum @entity1011 <2 mg%. None of the @entity1 had received prior chemotherapy other than radiation sensitizers. Standard GOG @entity137 and response criteria were used. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 were entered into the trial. Three @entity1 were ineligible because of wrong cell type (N = 2) or inadequate pathology material (N = 1). Two were inevaluable because of inadequate trial of drug. An additional 4 @entity1 were inevaluable for response. Thus, 49 were evaluable for @entity137 and 45 were evaluable for response. The median age of @entity1 was 45 years (range, 29-71 years). The median number of weekly doses delivered was 7 (range, 1-46). The incidence of grade 4 @entity1398 and @entity417 was 6.1 and 4.1%, respectively. Nineteen @entity1 (38.8%) developed @entity344 including 8 with grade 3 and 11 with grade 4 severity. The overall response rate was 13.3% (6/45). There was 1 @entity1 death from @entity344 . There was one complete response of 8.8 months duration and 5 partial responses. CONCLUSION: OFFis schedule of @entity2600 exhibits modest activity with moderate @entity137 in @entity1 with recurrent squamous @entity189 .

title: A phase II trial of @entity2600 in recurrent squamous XXXX : a gynecologic oncology group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cervix carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI toxicity', 'gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 is seen at a younger age and at a higher prevalence in @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 than in the general population. It is well described that @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 have a higher relative risk of @entity65 than @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 , unlike that seen in the general population. The pathophysiology behind this is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We performed a cross-sectional study to examine sex differences in @entity65 risk factors in adolescents with @entity164 1 @entity6 between ages 13 and 20 years, compared with @entity1 of a similar age without @entity164 1 @entity6 . METHODS: All @entity1 underwent a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to measure body composition and a pulse wave test measure of arterial elasticity. Fasting serum lipid levels, @entity755 , and apolipoprotein C-III levels were measured in each @entity1 . Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 (10 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 ) and 37 healthy @entity1 (18 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 ) participated. RESULTS: Although no sex differences for body mass index (P = 0.91) and glycosylated hemoglobin (P = 0.69) were seen, @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 had a significantly higher percent trunk fat compared with @entity1 (P = 0.004). No sex differences were found (P > 0.05) for percent trunk fat in adolescents without @entity6 . There was no sex difference among any other @entity65 factors in either @entity1 with or without @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Female adolescents with @entity164 1 @entity6 have more centrally distributed fat, which may contribute to their relatively higher @entity65 risk. Attenuation of the central distribution of fat through exercise and dietary modifications may help ameliorate their subsequent @entity65 burden.

title: Sex differences in @entity65 risk in adolescents with XXXX 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: Lesions were produced in the median (n = 8), dorsal (n = 7) or both (n = 7) midbrain raphe nuclei and their effects on behavior (days 16-54 postoperatively) compared to that of controls (n = 9). In addition, forebrain @entity750 ( @entity750 ) concentration were determined. Only the median and combined lesion groups showed increased running wheel and open field activity, as well as enhanced reactivity to novel stimuli and environmental change. None of the lesion groups, however, showed changes in home cage activity on postoperative day 21. Although all lesion groups were @entity942 and retention of one-way avoidance, the deficits were of a greater magnitude in the median and combined lesion groups. The latter two groups, furthermore, were impaired in forced extinction of the one-way avoidance response, but only the combined lesion group evidenced facilitation of two-way avoidance acquistion. Thus, in contrast to the effects of median or combined raphe lesions, lesions in the dorsal raphe nucleus affected few of the behavioral parameters studied. These results suggest that the dorsal raphe nucleus plays a different behavioral role than the median raphe nucleus. The median nucleus appears to be involved in the regulation of activity level, the reaction to novelty and environmental change, and the response to aversive stimuli. Possible mechanisms for the observed behavioral changes are discussed, as well as their apparent similarity to the effects of other mesencephalic and limbic lesions. Lastly, the median, dorsal and combined raphe lesions lowered forebraine @entity750 but 26, 65, and 77%, respectively, versus controls. These reductions differed significantly from each other, and with previously reported data indicate that the dorsal raphe nucleus in the principal origin of forebrain @entity750 . It is suggested, furthermore, that the behavioral effects of @entity75 are not due primarily to their associated reduction in forebrain @entity750 .

title: Behavioral effects of selective XXXX in the rat.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['midbrain raphe lesions']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in the acquisition']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['midbrain raphe lesions']


abstract: The present study is part of a performance evaluation of the Aging Health Care Program carried out at a Primary Health Care Clinic. Activities for @entity101 ( @entity101 ), control oriented according to a risk assessment, in conformity with Ministry of Health norms, are included in the Program mentioned. The effectiveness of the reduction of blood pressure (BP) levels in @entity101 individuals subjected to programmatic activities for disease control, in an attempt to identify conditions association with that reduction, is evaluated. Of the 396 @entity1 with @entity101 registered under the Program between 01/01/92 and 06/30/93, 250 cases were included for this evaluation. These @entity1 had, in addition to high blood pressure levels (BP > or = 160/95 mm Hg) on the first attendances at the health center (before registration in the programme), at least two medical consultations during program follow-up. The differences in blood pressure levels between measurements taken during consultations before the beginning of attendance at the program and those taken on the first attendances to the programme were analysed according to initial blood pressure level, age, sex, registering diagnosis and absences during the program follow-up. Reductions of > or = 5 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and/or > or = 10 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (SBP) were obtained in 197 (78.8%) @entity1 . The mean reduction was 8.8 mm Hg (sd = 11.4) for @entity11559 and 17.7 mm Hg (sd = 18.6) for SBP. Results of several epidemiological studies allow the inference that a decrease in the mortality risk from @entity65 can be achieved in a significant proportion of the individuals registered in the program. Blood pressure normalization according to program norms occurred in 111 (44.4%) individuals. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that initial blood pressure and percentages of absenteeism during the follow-up were independently associated with the reductions in SBP and DBP. Age was independently associated only with the reductions in SBP. Participation of age and percentage of absenteeism during follow-up thus reveal that the final result of the programmed work is also a result of the different ways @entity1 take care of their own health.

title: [Evaluation of the effectiveness of XXXX control in a primary health unit].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['AH', 'Arterial Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['arterial hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Ross procedure in @entity1 / @entity1 is generally accepted, while in adults it remains controversial. We examined our adult experience for clinical and operative factors that predict autograft reoperation. METHODS: Prospectively collected data of 160 consecutive adults undergoing a Ross procedure by a single surgeon from July 1994 through June 2008 were reviewed. Clinical follow-up was obtained in 160 of 160 (100%) and echocardiogram in 150 of 152 (98.7%) survivors. Multivariate proportional hazards analysis was employed to determine risk factors for autograft reoperation. RESULTS: Mean age was 42.0  11.1 years and 73.1% were male. Presenting pathology was @entity337 ( @entity337 ) in 93 (58.1%) and @entity472 ( @entity472 ) in 67 (41.9%). Bicuspid aortic valves accounted for 91% of @entity472 and 85% of @entity337 @entity1 . Annuloplasty was required in 49 of 93 (52.7%) @entity1 with @entity337 and 12 of 67 (17.9%) @entity1 with @entity472 (p<0.001). There were 3 operative mortalities (1.87%) with 2 late cardiac related deaths (1.3%). Kaplan-Meier survival was 92.9  0.03% at 7.5 years. Fifteen @entity1 (9.4%) required reoperation on the autograft root; 14 of 15 (93.3%) had @entity337 . The time to aortic valve reoperation significantly diverged at 7.5 years; @entity1 with @entity337 required more reoperations. Factors predicting increased risk of autograft reoperation included female gender (hazard ratio [HR]=7.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 46.6), @entity384 (HR=6.3; 95% CI 1.3 to 33.2), a 3-cusp valve (HR=8.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 53.3) and annuloplasty (HR=7.8; 95% CI 1.2 to 52.0). CONCLUSIONS: The Ross procedure in adults provides excellent freedom from autograft failure in @entity1 operated for @entity472 . Other treatment alternatives should be strongly considered in adults presenting primarily with @entity337 .

title: The Ross procedure performed for XXXX is associated with increased autograft reoperation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AI', 'aortic insufficiency']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic insufficiency']


abstract: The responses of interrenal and chromaffin tissues of @entity7136 to @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and its agonists/antagonists were studied in an in vitro perifusion system of head kidney. There was a dose-dependent release of @entity1425 and @entity1063 to @entity1617 between 0.01 and 100 mM added for 15 min to the incubation medium. @entity701 secretion was also stimulated, but the response peaked at 1.0 mM @entity1617 and was attenuated with 10 or 100 mM @entity1617 . The maximal release occurred about 30 min after addition of the transmitter. @entity1239 stimulated the @entity2661 , but had no effect on @entity701 , while @entity5402 , a nicotinic agonist, increased both the @entity2661 and @entity701 . @entity11039 increased @entity701 secretion, but affected @entity2661 only at higher doses. In contrast, @entity2134 , a muscarinic agonist, stimulated @entity2661 more than @entity701 . @entity3897 was not antagonistic, rather it increased the secretion of @entity2661 in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibited the release of @entity701 . It is concluded that both tissues are influenced by the autonomic nervous system, with the sympathetic system acting on chromaffin cells and the parasympathetic system acting on interrenal cells. However, the nerve supply cannot clearly be defined by agonists or antagonists as in mammals. There is evidence for paracrine effects, e.g., @entity2661 inhibit @entity701 release and @entity701 influences @entity2922 secretion.

title: Neuroendocrine effects on adrenal hormone secretion in XXXX ( @entity7136 ).

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity11039 :: ('MESH:D009116', 'Chemical') :: ['Muscarine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamylcholine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['carp']