abstract: BACKGROUND: Various efforts to reduce @entity1 delay in @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) have had limited success. One reason might be a misinterpretation of the symptoms of @entity1187 . The aim of this study was therefore to explore the characteristics and severity of symptoms among @entity1 with an @entity1187 in overall terms and in relation to the type of @entity1187 , sex, age, and @entity6 . METHODS: A total of 1939 @entity1 at 11 hospitals in Sweden answered a questionnaire containing questions relating to the localization and intensity of symptoms, the presence of associated symptoms, the characteristics and experience of @entity158 /symptoms, and the type of symptom onset. RESULTS: @entity1 with ST elevation differed from those without by more frequently having associated symptoms. They had higher @entity158 /discomfort intensity and more frequently had @entity158 with abrupt onset reaching maximum intensity within minutes. However, this type of symptom onset was only seen in less than half the @entity1 with ST elevation and only 1 in 5 fulfilled all the criteria usually associated with a severe @entity299 . @entity1 differed from @entity1 in a few respects. They more frequently reported @entity615 , and scored their @entity158 /discomfort slightly higher than @entity1 . Differences between age groups were minor and there was no difference between @entity1 with and without @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The most striking finding was the low proportion of @entity1 with the type of symptoms that are commonly associated with @entity1187 . This is important for the planning of educational campaigns/programs to reduce @entity1 delay.

title: Symptoms and type of symptom onset in XXXX in relation to ST elevation, sex, age, and a history of @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['pain/discomfort in the neck or jaw and back, vomiting']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of maternal serum screening for @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) and @entity601 ( @entity601 ). DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands. METHOD: 6362 pregnant women underwent serum screening for @entity1467 and (or) NTD between the 15th and 21st weeks of pregnancy between March 1991 and March 1996. Screening was performed using alpha-foetoprotein, unconjugated @entity10586 , @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin and maternal age. The result of each individual test was a calculated risk for delivering a @entity1 with @entity1467 and (or) NTD. RESULTS: Nine out of 12 singleton pregnancies of a foetus with @entity1467 were detected. To this purpose, 573 @entity1 who, according to the serum screening had an increased risk of a @entity1 with the abnormality, were offered amniocentesis, which was performed in 471 of them. Two twin pregnancies with a total of 3 @entity1467 affected foetuses were also detected; one twin pregnancy of a @entity1467 foetus was screen-negative. The one case of spina bifida was screen-positive. The proportion of @entity1 eligible for invasive prenatal diagnosis because of maternal age increased from 9% to 25% in the course of the study. Of 1118 @entity1 aged > or = 36 years 913 (82%) declined invasive investigation compared with 40% in the general population. CONCLUSION: The results of the maternal serum screening program in Utrecht were comparable with other studies. Maternal serum screening is accepted as an alternative by @entity1 above 36 years, and allows to decrease the need for amniocentesis without a significant loss in detection rate.

title: [Maternal serum screening for Down XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'child']

entities_list: @entity10586 :: ('CHEBI:27974', 'Chemical') :: ['oestriol']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome", 'DS']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['NTDs', 'neural tube defects']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['syndrome and neural tube defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the medical status of @entity1 with @entity2876 ( @entity2876 ) with their native livers after @entity7185 ( @entity7185 ) surgery. STUDY DESIGN: The Childhood @entity409 Research and Education Network database was utilized to examine subjects with @entity2876 living with their native livers 5 or more years after @entity7185 and to describe the prevalence of subjects with @entity2876 with an "ideal" outcome, defined as no clinical evidence of @entity409 , normal liver biochemical indices ( @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity493 aminotransferase, y-glutamyl transpeptidase, platelet count, total @entity648 , international normalized ratio, and albumin), and normal health-related quality of life 5 or more years after @entity7185 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2876 (n = 219; 43% male) with median age 9.7 years were studied. Median age at @entity7185 was 56 (range 7-125) days. Median age- and sex-adjusted height and weight z-scores at 5-year follow-up were 0.487 (IQR -0.27 to 1.02) and 0.00 (IQR -0.74 to 0.70), respectively. During the 12 preceding months, @entity255 and @entity174 occurred in 17% and 5.5%, respectively. Health-related quality of life was reported normal by 53% of @entity1 . However, only 1.8% met the study definition of "ideal" outcome. Individual tests of liver synthetic function (total @entity648 , albumin, and international normalized ratio) were normal in 75%, 85%, and 73% of the study cohort. CONCLUSION: @entity255 and @entity174 in long-term survivors underscore the importance of ongoing medical surveillance. Over 98% of this North American cohort of subjects with @entity2876 living with native livers 5 or more years after @entity7185 have clinical or biochemical evidence of @entity409 .

title: Medical status of 219 @entity1 with XXXX surviving long-term with their native livers: results from a North American multicenter consortium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity7185 :: ('MESH:D020065', 'Disease') :: ['HPE', 'hepato- portoenterostomy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangitis', 'cholangitis']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impairment of @entity283 ( @entity283 ) is an important concern in @entity29 ( @entity8787 ; @entity31 [ @entity31 ], @entity30 [ @entity30 ]). Between 2%-10% of @entity1 with @entity8787 have @entity991 ( @entity991 ). There has been limited examination of the disease-specific @entity283 in this population compared to non- @entity991 @entity8787 controls. METHODS: This was a retrospective, case-control study performed at a tertiary referral center. Cases comprised 26 @entity1 with a known diagnosis of @entity991 and @entity8787 (17 @entity31 , 9 @entity30 ). Three random controls were selected for each case after matching for @entity8787 type, gender, age, and duration of disease. Disease-specific @entity283 was measured using the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ). Disease activity for @entity30 was measured using the Harvey-Bradshaw index (HB) and using the @entity31 activity index for @entity31 . Independent predictors of @entity283 were identified. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the age, gender distribution, or disease duration between @entity991 - @entity8787 and controls. There was no difference in use of immunomodulators or biologics between the 2 groups. Mean SIBDQ score was comparable between @entity991 - @entity8787 @entity1 (54.5) and controls (54.1), both for @entity31 and @entity30 . Likewise, the disease activity scores were also similar (2.8 versus 3.1, P = 0.35). On multivariate analysis, higher disease activity score (-1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 95% CI -1.85 to -0.82) and @entity66 duration were predictive of lower @entity283 . Coexisting @entity991 did not influence @entity8787 -related @entity283 . There was a higher proportion of permanent @entity717 in @entity991 - @entity8787 (7.7%) compared to controls (0%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity991 does not seem to influence disease-specific @entity283 in our @entity1 with @entity8787 but is associated with a higher rate of @entity717 .

title: Does @entity991 impact quality of life in XXXX with @entity29 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter disease']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQoL', 'health-related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine patterns of @entity66 in @entity1 living on boats in Hue City, Vietnam, and their relations to socioeconomic conditions, sanitary practices, disease prevention proficiency, and @entity1 's preference to continued living on boats. METHODS: The subjects were 3737 @entity1 aged 5 years and over living on boats in Hue City, Vietnam. @entity66 were diagnosed according to ICD-10. The associations between @entity66 and socioeconomic conditions, sanitary practices, disease prevention proficiency, and preference to continued living on boats were analysed by logistic regression. MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence rates of certain infectious and @entity4801 , @entity17220 , @entity272 and subcutaneous tissue, diseases of the digestive system, and @entity130 were 85.3%, 78.0%, 51.2%, 15.4%, and 13.2%, respectively. Various associations were seen between diseases/ @entity130 and socioeconomic conditions. Patterns of disease were strongly influenced by sanitary practices. Better disease prevention proficiency was significantly related to lower prevalence of the first three categories of diseases/ @entity130 regardless of sex, age, or socioeconomic status (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Diseases were more prevalent among @entity1 who preferred not to continue living on boats. CONCLUSIONS: This large scale comprehensive field study illustrated major @entity66 among @entity1 living on boats. Variations in health status showed a web-like relation of socioeconomic conditions, sanitary practices, disease prevention proficiency, and preference to continued living on boats. Measures to develop disease prevention proficiency reduce the risk of @entity66 .

title: Variation of health status among XXXX living on boats in Hue, Vietnam.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease/injury', 'Diseases and injuries', 'disease and injury', 'diseases and injuries']

entities_list: @entity17220 :: ('MESH:D015619', 'Disease') :: ['diseases of the respiratory system']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['diseases of the skin']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: A retrospective review of @entity2379 use in a tertiary-care medical center was conducted, and use patterns were evaluated. The pharmacy department audited the medical records of all @entity1 who received @entity2379 during 1983. Of 179 @entity1 who received @entity2379 , the medical records of 140 @entity1 were suitable for review. @entity2379 use increased almost tenfold over a six-year period. Medical services used approximately two thirds of the total drug, while surgery used one fourth. @entity2379 was used systemically in 98 @entity1 and as a bladder irrigant in 42 @entity1 . In a third of cases, the drug was used when a @entity364 was not documented. Daily dosages of less than 25 mg and total dosages of 500 mg were commonly administered. @entity2379 was frequently administered with other antimicrobial agents in @entity1 with serious underlying diseases; therefore, evaluation of its efficacy in all @entity1 was difficult. Clinical nephrotoxicity was detected during treatment in approximately 15% of @entity1 . @entity2379 is no longer used exclusively for classical deep-seated @entity364 ; frequently, the drug is used as empiric treatment for candida and @entity281 . @entity2379 use has risen because of the difficulty in diagnosing deep-seated @entity364 and because of the frequent isolation of @entity375 from seriously ill @entity1 . Prospective studies are needed to guide clinicians in determining indications for @entity2379 use and the proper dosage and length of treatment for the drug.

title: Retrospective review of XXXX use in a tertiary-care medical center.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillus infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['mycoses', 'fungal infection']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: In this population-based study, amount of PA was associated with cortical bone size ( @entity1048 ) and trabecular vBMD, but not with cortical vBMD or length of the long bones in young @entity1 . The lowest effective amount of PA was > or = 4 h/week. INTRODUCTION: Physical activity (PA) is believed to have positive effects on the skeleton and possibly help in preventing the occurrence of @entity170 . Neither the lowest effective amount of PA needed to induce an osteogenic response nor its effect on the BMD and size of the different bone compartments (i.e., trabecular and cortical bone) has yet been clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this population-based study, we investigated the amount of all types of PA in relation to @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ), trabecular and cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD), and cortical bone size in 1068 @entity1 (age, 18.9 +/- 0.02 years), included in the Gothenburg @entity170 and @entity28 Determinants (GOOD) study. @entity1555 was measured by DXA, whereas cortical and trabecular vBMD and bone size were measured by pQCT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The amount of PA was associated with @entity1555 of the total body, radius, femoral neck, and lumbar spine, as well as with cortical bone size ( @entity1048 ) and trabecular vBMD, but not with cortical vBMD or length of the long bones. The lowest effective amount of PA was > or = 4 h/week. @entity1555 , cortical bone size, and trabecular vBMD were higher in subjects who started their training before age 13 than in subjects who started their training later in life. Our data indicate that > or = 4 h/week of PA is required to increase bone mass in young @entity1 and that exercise before and during the pubertal growth is of importance. These findings suggest that PA is imperative for the augmentation of cortical bone size and trabecular vBMD but does not affect the cortical vBMD in young @entity1 .

title: Association of amount of physical activity with cortical bone size and trabecular volumetric BMD in young adult XXXX : the GOOD study.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['areal BMD', 'aBMD']

entities_list: @entity1048 :: ('MESH:D010522', 'Disease') :: ['increased thickness and periosteal circumference']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is the most commonly used disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) in the management of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). @entity1500 is transported into cells, where additional @entity2227 moieties are added and it is retained as @entity1500 polyglutamates (MTXGlu [referred to as a group as MTXGlun]). There is large interpatient variability in MTXGlun concentrations. This study was undertaken to determine nongenetic factors that influence red blood cell (RBC) MTXGlun concentrations in @entity1 receiving long-term stable low-dose oral @entity1500 . METHODS: One hundred ninety-two @entity1 receiving long-term oral @entity1500 for the treatment of @entity309 were recruited. Trough MTXGlun concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Univariate analysis was performed to determine variables influencing MTXGlun concentrations. Backward stepwise multivariate regression analysis was done to determine variables that affect individual MTXGlun concentrations; variables with P values of <0.1 in the univariate analysis for any MTXGlun were included. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that increased age, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), higher @entity1500 dosage, longer duration of @entity1500 treatment, and use of @entity229 were associated with significantly higher MTXGlun concentrations. Smokers had significantly lower concentrations of MTXGlu3, MTXGlu3-5, and MTXGlu1-5. Sex, rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide status, RBC folate level, and body mass index had no significant effect on MTXGlun levels. Concomitant use of other DMARDs was associated with lower MTXGlu2 levels, and treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs was associated with lower MTXGlu3 and MTXGlu1-5 concentrations. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, @entity1500 dosage, and estimated GFR were the major determinants of MTXGlun concentrations. CONCLUSION: Large interpatient variability in MTXGlun concentrations can be explained, at least in part, by a combination of factors, particularly age, @entity1500 dosage, and renal function. There are complex interactions between smoking, RBC @entity1501 levels, and concentrations of MTXGlun.

title: Determinants of red blood cell methotrexate polyglutamate concentrations in @entity309 XXXX receiving long-term @entity1499 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local production of IgA and IgE in the airways has been proposed to be an important event in both immune protection from pathogens and the pathogenesis of @entity56 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the production of @entity8410 of the @entity2874 family (BAFF), an important regulator of B-cell survival and immunoglobulin class-switch recombination, in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid after segmental allergen challenge of allergic subjects. METHODS: Segmental allergen challenge with saline or allergen was performed in 16 adult allergic subjects. BAL was performed at both saline- and allergen-challenged sites 20 to 24 hours after challenge. Concentrations of B cell-active cytokines, including BAFF, @entity650 , and @entity4047 , were measured by using specific ELISA and cytometric bead array assays. RESULTS: Levels of BAFF protein were significantly increased in BAL fluid after allergen challenge (53.8 pg/mL [range, 0-407.4 pg/mL], P = .001) compared with those at saline-challenged sites (0 pg/mL [0-34.7 pg/mL]). In the BAL fluid after allergen challenge, BAFF levels were significantly correlated with absolute numbers of total cells (r = 0.779, P < .001), lymphocytes (r = 0.842, P < .001), neutrophils (r = 0.809, P < .001), and eosinophils (r = 0.621, P = .010) but did not correlate with macrophages. Normalization to albumin indicated that BAFF production occurred locally in the airways. BAFF levels were also significantly correlated with the other B cell-activating cytokines @entity650 (r = 0.875, P < .001) and @entity4047 (r = 0.812, P < .001). CONCLUSION: The antigen-induced production of BAFF in the airway might contribute to local class-switch recombination and immunoglobulin synthesis by B cells.

title: Local release of XXXX of the @entity2874 family after segmental allergen challenge of allergic subjects.

entities_list: @entity8410 :: ('10673', 'Gene') :: ['B cell-activating factor']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['airway allergic diseases']

answer: @entity8410 :: (10673,Gene) :: ['B cell-activating factor']


abstract: A controlled study was made in Burgundy (France) to assess the acceptability and efficiency of @entity14 screening using the Hemoccult test. A total of 91,000 @entity1 aged 45 to 74 years were included. The first screening campaign was made from January to July 1988 or 1989, and rescreening occurred from January to July 1990. During the first 4 months of the campaign, the General Practitioners (GPs) offered the test to their @entity1 . It was then mailed to all subjects who had not completed it with a recall letter, if necessary, one month later. The overall compliance rate was 54.0% in the first campaign and 55.5% in the second campaign. A total of 63.7% subjects had completed at least one screening test over the two screening campaigns. Compliance was lower among @entity1 than @entity1 ; compliance rate was also lower in the youngest and oldest age group than in the intermediate age groups. During the second screening campaign, the participation rate was 83.6% among @entity1 in the first screening campaign and 20.9% among non- @entity1 . Compliance during the medical offer phase was higher (81.4% during the first campaign, 82.9% during the second campaign) than during the postal offer phase (respectively, 33.8% and 28.5%). It was easier for GPs to propose the test when they had to offer it than when they had to prescribe it. These results suggest that a satisfactory participation rate can be obtained in France if GPs are actively involved in the screening programme. The final objective is to find a 25% difference in 5-year mortality by @entity5 between the screened and the test population.

title: Participation in mass screening for XXXX : results of screening and rescreening from the Burgundy study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['large bowel cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity12472 ( @entity22474 ) ( @entity10664 ) is one of the components of @entity21749 . Due to its certain characteristics, @entity10664 causes pollution in various ecosystems and has been of concern for its probable carcinogenic effects on @entity1 . Researchers have used chemical and physical methods for removing @entity10664 from the environment. Although these methods are quick, they have not been capable of complete mineralization. Therefore, researchers are looking for methods with lower energy consumption and cost and higher efficiency. In this study, biodegradation of @entity10664 by microbial consortium was evaluated in the aquatic environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of @entity10664 removal from aqueous environments by using an anaerobic submerged biological filter in four concentration levels of @entity12472 and three hydraulic retention times. The maximum efficiencies of @entity10664 and soluble chemical @entity26 demand (SCOD) were 51.1 and 45.6%, respectively. There was no accumulation of @entity10664 in the biofilm and the loss of @entity10664 in the control reactor was negligible. This shows that @entity10664 removal in this system was due to biodegradation. Furthermore, the results of modeling showed that the Stover-Kincannon model had desirable fitness (R   > 99%) in loading @entity10664 in this biofilter.

title: Degradation of XXXX by microbial consortium in an anaerobic submerged biological filter.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity22474 :: ('CHEBI:15930', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine']

entities_list: @entity12472 :: ('MESH:D001280', 'Chemical') :: ['atrazine', 'Atrazine']

entities_list: @entity21749 :: ('CHEBI:30259', 'Chemical') :: ['S-triazine']

answer: @entity12472 :: (MESH:D001280,Chemical) :: ['atrazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Macroenzymes may cause elevations in serum enzyme activity. Macroenzymes are not common; however their detection is important because they cause diagnostic @entity911 and therapeutic errors. METHODS: We analyzed 2 of the most prevalent macroenzymes in the literature, macro- @entity908 kinase (macro-CK) and macroamylase, using 2 methods for detection, @entity968 ( @entity970 ) precipitation and ultrafiltration (UF). Enzyme measurements were made using a Roche Modular Analytics P analyzer. Imprecision was assessed using quality control material. We evaluated 125 samples from apparently healthy subjects to establish reference intervals. For macro-CK comparison, 94 samples with activities >200 U/l were analyzed with both @entity970 precipitation and UF and compared to electrophoresis. @entity970 precipitation and UF were compared for macroamylase detection using 130 samples with amylase activities >110 U/l. RESULTS: UF was more precise and demonstrated narrower reference intervals for both analytes. @entity970 precipitation and UF were able to detect true cases of macro-CK with overall agreement with electrophoresis of 79.8% and 80.9%, respectively. Both methods detected the same number of 'positive' macroamylase samples; however @entity970 precipitation resulted in a greater number of 'indeterminate' cases. CONCLUSION: This is the first report where UF has been shown useful for the detection of both macro-CK and macroamylase.

title: Detection of macro- @entity908 kinase and macroamylase by XXXX precipitation and ultrafiltration methods.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: Ninety-six @entity1 with an @entity474 were assessed by two dimensional echocardiography. Forty-eight @entity1 were judged as having two discrete valve orifices. In this group, 37 had an intact ventricular septum and 11 a @entity1757 . Two patterns of attachment of the valve leaflets to the interventricular septum were noted. Forty-eight @entity1 had a common valve orifice. In 29 @entity1 there was absence of tethering of the anterior bridging leaflet to the interventricular septum. A further 19 had varying degrees of tethering of the anterior bridging leaflet. A @entity1757 was identified under the anterior bridging leaflet in all cases. In 58 cases where the posterior bridging leaflet was identified, a @entity1757 was visualised in eight and missed in two. Seventy-eight @entity1 had an ostium primum defect, 12 a common atrium, and a further six an intact interatrial septum. Two dimensional echocardiography provides in depth morphological information about the type of @entity474 and can correctly identify the presence of a @entity1757 beneath the anterior or posterior bridging leaflet, unless it exists between short crowded chordae.

title: Assessment of XXXX by two dimensional echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular defect', 'atrioventricular septal defect']

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular septal defects']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 with extensive @entity1569 were randomly assigned into one of three groups, each receiving 0.5 mg/kg of oral liquid @entity9627 photochemotherapy followed 1 h later by exposure to long-wave ultraviolet light (UVA). The sole difference between the three groups was the method used to determine the initial UVA dose, which was either based on skin type, 25% of the minimal phototoxic dose ( @entity14501 ), or 50% of the @entity14501 . All @entity1 were treated in the Phototherapy Unit at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Data were obtained until reaching the endpoint of clearance. At clearance, the results of the number of treatments required to clear, final UVA dose, cumulative UVA dose, and side effects were tabulated, compared, and analyzed for each of the three groups. The 25% and 50% @entity14501 groups required a mean of 15.0 +/- 1.7 and 13.4 +/- 1.9 treatments to clear, respectively, as compared to the skin type group, which needed an average of 17.6 +/- 2.5 treatments. The mean final UVA dose was 7.4 +/- 0.9 J/cm2 and 8.4 +/- 1.4 J/cm2 for the 25% and 50% @entity14501 groups, respectively, in contrast to 11.6 +/- 1.4 J/cm2 for the skin type group. The mean cumulative UVA dose at clearance for the 25% and 50% @entity14501 groups was 79 +/- 16 J/cm2 and 87 +/- 27 J/cm2, respectively, versus 136 +/- 30 J/cm2 for the skin type group. The comparisons between the individual @entity14501 groups and the skin type group did not achieve statistical significance with the exception of a marginally significant difference in final dose between the skin type group and the 25% @entity14501 group (p = 0.06). However, the results of the two @entity14501 groups were then pooled and the mean final (7.9 +/- 0.8 J/cm2) and cumulative (83 +/- 15 J/cm2) UVA doses were significantly (p = 0.04) and marginally significantly (p = 0.07) lower than the respective means of the skin type group. The number of treatments to clear, although lower in the pooled @entity14501 groups (14.2 +/- 1.3) than in the skin type group, did not attain statistical significance (p = 0.19). Our data suggest that the @entity14501 measurement may be superior to the skin-typing system when calculating the initial UVA dose in oral liquid @entity9627 photochemotherapy for the treatment of @entity1569 .

title: Comparison of minimal phototoxic dose and skin type for determining initial UVA dose in oral liquid @entity9627 photochemotherapy for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity9627 :: ('MESH:D008730', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxsalen']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: The treatment of liver @entity130 has evolved considerably over recent decades with the possibility of non-operative management and arteriographic embolisation for selected @entity1 in haemodynamically stable conditions. The aim of the study was to compare two periods with different approaches to the management of blunt or penetrating @entity99 . From January 1989 to October 2004, 252 @entity1 were admitted to the emergency surgery department of Niguarda Hospital in Milan for liver @entity130 . @entity99 accounted for 66% of @entity75 due to @entity130 and were classified according to the Organ Injury Scaling system. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans were used to investigate the injuries. The study consisted of two periods: during the first period (1989-1993) surgery was the only treatment for @entity130 -induced hepatic lesions of any grade. Damage control surgery was employed for unstable @entity1 undergoing laparotomy. From 1994 on, grade 1-2 injuries in @entity1 with haemodynamically stable conditions were treated by non-operative management and grade 3 injuries by embolisation. In this second period only unstable @entity1 with active @entity548 or haemoperitoneum >500 ml with grade 3-5 injuries underwent laparotomy. The overall mortality for liver @entity130 was 27% (68/252) and was intraoperative in 97% of cases (66/68). @entity204 were due to liver @entity548 in 30 cases and to @entity548 from extrahepatic or extra-abdominal injuries in the other 38 cases. @entity409 was therefore directly responsible for mortality in as many as 12% of cases (30/252). The present study analysed two periods characterised by different approaches to the management of liver @entity130 . In the first period, laparotomy was the only choice, whereas subsequently non-operative management came to play an important role in haemodynamically stable @entity1 and proved to be a safe method in selected cases. Major liver resections are seldom indicated in @entity99 . Damage control surgery has been practised since the first period and, before any surgical manoeuvres are performed, still represents a valuable tool to guarantee haemodynamic stability, which is the crucial factor for the outcome of liver resections for @entity130 .

title: [ XXXX : experience in the management of 252 cases].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver trauma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries', 'Hepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4612 Background: Metastatic germ cell @entity5 that cannot be successfully treated by @entity902 based initial chemotherapy regimen are potentially curable with salvage chemotherapy. Relapsed or refractory @entity5 has been treated at Indiana University with two courses of high-dose @entity3003 and @entity2879 chemotherapy (HDCE), each course followed by peripheral stem cell rescue. Einhorn et al published the result of 184 consecutive recurrent metastatic @entity1 treated 1996-2004 with two cycles of HDCE. 63% of these 184 @entity1 were continuously NED with median follow-up 48 months (NEJM 357,340 2007). Several @entity1 were noted to have rising @entity5 markers-hCG and/ @entity160 -during their second course of high-dose chemotherapy. Similar phenomenon has been noted in some @entity1 treated subsequently. We present retrospective analysis of the frequency and outcome of a rising @entity5 marker at start of second course of HDCE or within 1 week after initiation of second course. METHODS: 391 @entity1 have been treated with HDCE and stem cell rescue from Feb 1996 to December 2010. Each @entity1 received two consecutive courses of 700 mg of @entity3003 per square meter of body-surface-area (BSA) and 750mg of @entity2879 per square meter of BSA, each for 3 consecutive days, and each followed by autologous stem cell infusion. The second HDCE was administered 3-4 weeks after the first course. @entity5 markers were obtained. RESULTS: 25 of 391 (6.4%) @entity1 were noted to have rising hCG, @entity160 or both at initiation or within one week of second course of HDCE. 14 @entity1 had rising hCG (median 61.9 mIU/mL; range 3.2-8,863). 11 @entity1 developed rising @entity160 (median 18.3 ng/mL; range 4.2-1,018.8). Six @entity1 had increase in both hCG and @entity160 . 24 of 25 @entity1 had a subsequent decline in @entity5 marker with second course HDCE. 7 of 25 (28%) @entity1 are continuously disease free at median follow-up of 69 months (range 28-124 months). CONCLUSIONS: Tumor marker rise during second course of HDCE is uncommon. Although it represents an adverse prognostic variable, cure is still possible with institution of second course of HDCE.

title: Tumor marker rise during second course high-dose chemotherapy in recurrent XXXX : Outcome analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'testicular cancer', 'Weekly tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: This study aims to investigate the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in chronic @entity632 @entity296 in a @entity95 model and to evaluate the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in this disease. Thirty-nine 3-month-old @entity95 were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (n = 9) was the untreated control. Groups 2-4 were treated with 6 weeks of @entity632 (3 mg/kg). Group 2 (n = 6) received no further treatment. In group 3 (n = 9), animals were treated with culture medium (CM) alone. In group 4 (n = 15), autologous MSCs (1.5-2.0 x 10(6)/ml) were injected in the left ventricular (LV) wall. Hearts were stained with HE and picrosirius red. @entity721 and @entity61552 were detected immunohistochemically. The mRNA levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results confirmed that @entity632 treatment resulted in minimal @entity296 and showed that expression of MMPs increased and @entity41487 decreased. The injection procedure resulted in @entity296 in groups 3 and 4. After MSC injection, @entity721 , @entity2501 , and @entity41487 expression was higher than that in group 2. CM injection led to more @entity82 , elevated @entity41487 , but diminished @entity721 and @entity2501 expression compared with MSC injection. The mRNA levels of MMPs and TIMPs were not significantly different among all groups. In conclusion, chronic @entity632 @entity296 was characterized by increased MMP and decreased @entity41487 expression. MSCs injection into the LV resulted in marked differences of collagen content and MMP/TIMP expression in the whole heart, although significant numbers of living MSCs were not detected after 4 weeks.

title: Effects of autologous stem cells on immunohistochemical patterns and gene expression of metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in @entity632 @entity296 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'increased myocardial fibrosis', 'myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'New Zealand rabbits']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Despite the advent of @entity4028 and @entity3405 antibiotics and early antimicrobial intervention, overall morbidity and mortality associated with gram-negative @entity295 and @entity2259 remain high. Complications of @entity295 have been related to the release of endotoxin from the cell walls of gram-negative bacilli. Although antibiotics can effectively kill gram-negative bacteria, they have no effect on lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and may, in fact, enhance its release when cell lysis occurs. Lipid A, the lipid portion of LPS, is composed of @entity57648 , polar @entity1391 groups, and @entity1718 . It represents the endotoxic component of gram-negative bacteria and is responsible for host responses to LPS, including fever, @entity551 , and shock. E5 is a murine monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody directed against the lipid A portion of the cell-wall endotoxin that is common to clinically important gram-negative bacilli. A clinical evaluation program of E5 included @entity1 who were moderately to severely ill with clinical evidence of an infection usually caused by gram-negative bacteria. In pharmacokinetic and safety studies, laboratory tests revealed no evidence of antibody-mediated @entity137 and serum antibody concentrations in the desired therapeutic range (greater than 5 microgramS/mL) were found as late as 72 hours after initial infusion of E5. In a Phase II study, mortality rates at seven days in @entity1 with documented gram-negative infection were 22 percent in the placebo group compared with 7 percent in the E5-treated groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: E5 monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody for the treatment of gram-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity57648 :: ('CHEBI:24271', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamines']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Nonimmune hydrops is the presence of >= 2 abnormal fetal fluid collections in the absence of red cell alloimmunization. The most common etiologies include @entity65 , followed by @entity2241 , complications of twinning, infection, and @entity5028 . We sought to provide evidence-based guidelines for the evaluation and management of nonimmune @entity4296 . METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed using MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. The search was restricted to English-language articles published from 1966 through June 2014. Priority was given to articles reporting original research, although review articles and commentaries also were consulted. Abstracts of research presented at symposia and scientific conferences were not considered adequate for inclusion in this document. Evidence reports and guidelines published by organizations or institutions such as the National Institutes of Health, Agency for Health Research and Quality, American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine were also reviewed, and additional studies were located by reviewing bibliographies of identified articles. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology was employed for defining strength of recommendations and rating quality of evidence. Consistent with US Preventive Task Force guidelines, references were evaluated for quality based on the highest level of evidence. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Evaluation of hydrops begins with an antibody screen (indirect Coombs test) to verify that it is nonimmune, detailed sonography of the fetus(es) and placenta, including echocardiography and assessment for fetal @entity943 , and middle cerebral artery Doppler evaluation for @entity417 , as well as fetal karyotype and/or chromosomal microarray analysis, regardless of whether a structural @entity2241 is identified. Recommended treatment depends on the underlying etiology and gestational age; @entity3152 is recommended only for obstetric indications including development of @entity33159 . Candidates for @entity288 and antepartum surveillance include those with an idiopathic etiology, an etiology amenable to prenatal or postnatal treatment, and those in whom intervention is planned if fetal deterioration occurs. Such pregnancies should be delivered at a facility with the capability to stabilize and treat critically ill newborns. The prognosis depends on etiology, response to therapy if treatable, and the gestational age at detection and delivery. Aneuploidy confers a poor prognosis, and even in the absence of aneuploidy, neonatal survival is often <50%. @entity33159 is a form of severe @entity1468 that may develop in association with fetal hydrops and in most cases necessitates delivery.

title: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Clinical Guideline #7: nonimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity33159 :: ('OMIM:157600', 'Disease') :: ['mirror syndrome', 'Mirror syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['placental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops fetalis']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular, chromosomal, and hematologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['structural fetal anomalies', 'fetal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity4296 :: (MESH:D015160,Disease) :: ['hydrops fetalis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the ovicidal and oviposition deterrent activities of five medicinal plant extracts namely Aegle marmelos (Linn.), Limonia acidissima (Linn.), Sphaeranthus indicus (Linn.), Sphaeranthus amaranthoides (burm.f), and Chromolaena odorata (Linn.) against @entity2957 and @entity4224 mosquitoes. Three solvents, namely @entity4315 , @entity1046 , and @entity1042 , were used for the preparation of extracts from each plant. METHODS: Four different concentrations-62.5 parts per million (ppm), 125  ppm, 250  ppm, and 500  ppm-were prepared using @entity1324 and tested for ovicidal and oviposition deterrent activities. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance of the treatments and means were separated by Tukey's test of comparison. RESULTS: Among the different extracts of the five plants screened, the @entity4315 extract of L. acidissima recorded the highest ovicidal activity of 79.2% and 60% at 500  ppm concentration against the eggs of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti, respectively. Similarly, the same @entity4315 extract of L. acidissima showed 100% oviposition deterrent activity at all the tested concentrations against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti adult females. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the @entity4315 extract of L. acidissima could be used in an integrated mosquito management program.

title: Ovicidal and Oviposition Deterrent Activities of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against @entity4224 L. and XXXX Say Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae).

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

answer: @entity2957 :: (7176,Species) :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To better understand the indirect effects of standard courses of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) on distant tissue @entity137 , we evaluated the frequency, course, and health and economic burden of regimen-related @entity294 in a large, multinational group of @entity1 who were being treated for @entity5 of the head and neck (HNC) or lung (NSCLC). METHODS: In this exploratory, prospective study, 284 @entity1 being treated for HNC and 60 being treated for NSCLC were stratified into four cohorts to evaluate the effect of radiation alone and radiation plus concomitant chemotherapy (CRT) on @entity15698 ( @entity15698 ). @entity15698 was assessed daily throughout @entity1161 using a @entity1 -reported five-point categorical scale. Health and resource use outcomes were evaluated at least weekly during radiation. RESULTS: Moderate to severe @entity15698 was reported in all groups and was worse among @entity1 being treated with concomitant chemoradiation (CRT). Whereas 29  % of @entity1 treated with radiation only developed @entity15698 , the incidence was 42  % among CRT-treated @entity1 . @entity5 site did not impact the rate of @entity15698 , but did impact the rate of development and was more acute in @entity1 being treated for NSCLC than for HNC. @entity1 with significant @entity15698 had worse health and resource use outcomes than did @entity1 without @entity15698 regardless of the form of treatment. G-tube placement, @entity353 , unplanned office visits, and in- @entity1 days were adversely affected by @entity15698 . Not surprisingly, @entity1 treated with CRT had poorer health and resource outcomes than @entity1161 only @entity1 , even in the absence of @entity15698 . CONCLUSION: In addition to local tissue @entity137 , our results suggest that focal radiation may also be associated with significant distant tissue-centric injury here represented by @entity15698 . While these changes were seen with radiation alone, the addition of chemotherapy increased the incidence and @entity221 . @entity15698 adversely impacted resource use. This unanticipated finding supports the hypothesis that focal @entity1161 results in pathobiological changes that extend beyond the radiation field and which can produce distant changes.

title: Unanticipated frequency and consequences of regimen-related XXXX in @entity1 being treated with radiation or chemoradiation regimens for @entity5 of the head and neck or lung.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity15698 :: ('MESH:D009381', 'Disease') :: ['radiation-induced diarrhea', 'RID']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['burden of illness']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ejaculatory function remains a major concern for @entity1 with low stage nonseminomatous @entity2971 of the @entity1062 . Whereas, it has been extensively studied in @entity1 undergoing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, preservation of ejaculatory function on surveillance protocols has not been studied. To compare ejaculatory function for surveillance protocols to primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection appropriately, we constructed a decision analysis model mimicking the standard treatment algorithm for stage 1 @entity10711 of the @entity1062 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primary clinical payoff for this study is ejaculatory function. Based on this model, we established that a primary nerve sparing retroperitoneal dissection must be performed with a 96.8% ejaculatory function rate to be recommended as the appropriate therapy. However, if a highly skilled surgeon routinely performs post-chemotherapy dissection with an ejaculatory function rate of 69.2% or greater, surveillance should be offered as the primary treatment modality. This result simply demonstrates a high skill level to allow the surgeon to salvage ejaculatory function in post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection settings. If this level cannot be achieved, primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is the best choice. If we account for a 10% loss of ejaculatory function from primary chemotherapy, the minimum ejaculatory function rate for primary retroperitoneal dissection decreases to 95.7%. RESULTS: In the post-chemotherapy setting an 85.7% ejaculatory function rate must be achieved for surveillance to be considered the optimal choice. Clearly, less surgical rigor is needed with a primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection when correcting for the effects of chemotherapy on ejaculatory function. Despite this fact, 1-way sensitivity analysis revealed that our model is insensitive to the ejaculatory function effects of chemotherapy. Furthermore, if the likelihood of recurrence on surveillance is greater than 16%, primary nerve sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection should again be recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, to maximize ejaculatory function for @entity1 with stage 1 @entity10711 a nerve sparing primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection should always be performed, unless the likelihood of recurrence on surveillance is low or the surgical skill level allows for a highly successful post chemotherapy nerve sparing dissection.

title: Ejaculatory function in stage T1 nonseminomatous XXXX : retroperitoneal lymph node dissection versus surveillance--a decision analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['germ cell tumors']


abstract: From June 1996 to June 2000, 477 endoscopic thoracic sympathectomies (ETS) were performed in 242 @entity1 with palmar @entity1119 . Among these, 190 @entity1 were studied who received bilateral sympathectomy (T 2-T 3 ganglionectomy) and were followed for over six months. There were 114 females and 76 males with a mean age of 26 years. Palmar @entity1119 was found in all @entity1 and axillary @entity1119 in 138 (73%) and @entity1119 in 186 (98%) preoperatively. The degrees of @entity5515 were checked immediately (1-2 weeks, 190 @entity1 ), as well as in the early (1 year, 190 @entity1 ) and late (2-4 years, 65 @entity1 ) postoperative periods. In all @entity1 , the hands became dry or normal condition immediately after the operation, and this continued to late period. Disappearance or decrease of axillary sweating was found in 128 @entity1 (93%) in the immediate period and 107 @entity1 (78%) in the early period. Disappearance or decrease of plantar sweating was found in 134 @entity1 (72%) in the immediate period and 115 @entity1 (62%) in the early period. Among 65 @entity1 examined in the late period, axillary @entity1119 was found in 24 (37%), and @entity1119 was found in 52 (80%). @entity3190 was found in 80 @entity1 (42%) in the immediate period and 137 @entity1 (72%) in the early period. In the late period, @entity3190 developed in 56 @entity1 (86%). In the immediate period, 175 @entity1 (92%) were satisfied with the results of the operation, but this decreased to 83% and 72% at early and late period. However ETS was remarkably effective for palmar or axillary @entity1119 and relatively effective for @entity1119 , but development of @entity3190 did occur in some cases.

title: [Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for palmar, XXXX : intermediate-term results].

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['plantar hyperhidrosis', 'hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['palmar, axillary and plantar perspiration']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Compensatory sweating', 'compensatory sweating']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['axillary and plantar hyperhidrosis']


abstract: AIM: To measure @entity1270 in a control population of pregnant @entity1 and in a population of @entity1 with @entity6677 (GDM). To define a normal @entity1270 threshold for the controls and to determine whether or not this value could play a role in the clinical management of @entity1 with GDM. METHOD: Fifty-six @entity1 with a normal OGTT and 49 @entity1 with GDM were included and monitored from the 25th to the 37th week of pregnancy. Control subjects agreed to perform glycaemia and @entity1270 self-monitoring 3 times a day. In addition, @entity1 with GDM were asked to measure their postprandial glycaemia. Glycaemia and @entity1270 measurements were performed using Optium meters. Subjects kept a 24-hour food record twice a week. RESULTS: The mean @entity1270 was lower in the control group than in the GDM group (0.01+/-0.10 vs. 0.04+/-0.009 mmol/l; P<0.001). @entity1270 values measured before the midday meal and prior to the evening meal were lower for control subjects than for GDM @entity1 (P=0.002 and P=0.005). Fasting @entity1270 was unrelated to @entity1270 in the GDM group, whereas there was a correlation in the control group (P=0.006). At least one chronic increase in @entity1270 levels was observed in 47% of the @entity1 with GDM, compared with only 12% of controls. The lowest levels of evening glycaemia correlated with the highest levels of @entity1270 ; @entity1 with GDM reported lower food and @entity1735 intakes than controls (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This work has enabled the establishment of @entity1270 reference standards in non-diabetic pregnant @entity1 . If @entity1270 does indeed indicate overly restrictive dietary behavior, this parameter could be employed for monitoring adherence to the nutritional recommendations for GDM.

title: Blood ketone monitoring: a comparison between XXXX and non-diabetic pregnant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['Ketonemia', 'ketonemia', 'ketonuria']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity6677 :: (MESH:D016640,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies of outcome in @entity1 with @entity259 require long follow-ups to accrue enough @entity5 -specific events. Owing to time-dependent changes in diagnosis and therapy, long observation periods render studies susceptible to 'time bias' which can yield spurious results. This study was designed to investigate @entity5 -specific event rates after initial neck resection in contemporaneous @entity1 recruited within less than a decade. DESIGN: Institutional cohort study of 128 consecutive @entity1 who underwent compartment-oriented neck surgery between 1994 and 2002 at a tertiary surgical center for hitherto untreated @entity259 . METHODS: The Kaplan-Meier method was used in conjunction with the log-rank test for analysis of time-dependent outcomes. RESULTS: Follow-up was available for 120 @entity1 (94%) including 63 rearranged during transfection ( @entity8958 ) carriers. There were six locoregional recurrences in the 110 @entity1 with clear surgical margins at initial neck resection, and 12 @entity5 -specific deaths in the 120 @entity1 with available follow-up. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, most clinicopathological variables were significantly associated with recurrence-free survival and @entity5 -specific survival. Within the median observation period of 64.5 months, @entity1 with node-negative @entity5 did not develop locoregional recurrence or die from their @entity5 . The low event rates precluded multivariate analyses with all clinicopathological variables. With our extensive surgical approach, median recurrence-free survival and @entity5 -specific survival at 5 years were 95.2 and 89.3% respectively. DISCUSSION: Compared with literature data, our 5-year locoregional recurrence rate of 4.8% appeared very favorable, and our 5-year @entity5 -specific mortality rate of 10.7% was among the lowest ever reported. The growing proportion of localized medullary thyroid @entity189 among contemporaneous @entity1 can be expected to ultimately lower the event rates, complicating future studies of outcome.

title: Locoregional recurrence and death from XXXX in a contemporaneous series: 5-year results.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Two strikingly similar @entity1 with @entity4128 which severely impaired not only the right ventricle but also the left ventricle are described in association with familial occurrence of @entity944 . A 49-year-old @entity1 experienced @entity1163 which was due to @entity1165 . Electrocardiography revealed a first degree @entity713 , incomplete @entity714 , T wave inversions in leads II, III, a VF and V1 to V5, and multiformal @entity1540 . Echocardiography and ventricular cineangiography showed not only the @entity1001 with an @entity439 in the right ventricular apex, inflow and outflow tracts, but also mild dilatation of the left ventricle with left ventricular apical and posterior @entity439 . Radionuclide angiography also disclosed dysfunction of both ventricles, especially during exercise. His family history revealed that 3 members of his family died of sudden @entity204 . A 56-year-old @entity1 experienced @entity1163 secondary to @entity1165 , with @entity714 . Electrocardiography showed complete @entity714 , @entity2270 , and T wave inversions in leads V1 to V4. Echocardiography and ventricular cineangiography revealed not only marked @entity1001 with the " @entity1141 ", but also a @entity1002 in the apex and posterior portion. Her elder brother died of a @entity944 , and electrocardiograms of 2 members of her family showed @entity1540 and T wave inversions. These 2 cases may well be termed " @entity67 ".

title: Two cases of bi-ventricular XXXX associated with @entity1165 and familial occurrence of @entity944 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle-branch block', 'right bundle-branch block']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular extrasystoles']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['left axis deviation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['familial bi-ventricular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['triangle of dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background There is insufficient data on the quality of health services and health-related quality of life of @entity1 with @entity726 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which the health services for @entity726 @entity1 in the Greater Hamburg area conform to the guidelines set by the German Ophthalmological Society ( @entity235 ). Materials and Methods 196 @entity726 @entity1 were offered an interview-administered questionnaire during their inpatient diurnal IOP measurement. The quality of @entity726 care and examinations recommended by the @entity235 were analysed. The results of the questionnaire were correlated with @entity726 severity, according to the stage of @entity227 . The correlation to the type of @entity726 was also analysed. Results The frequency of visits to the ophthalmologist was 5.1 per year. Most @entity1 reported quarterly medical consultations. The majority of @entity1 reported short waiting periods, because appointments were made in advance. In 92% of cases, an intraocular pressure measurement was performed with each medical consultation. Half of the @entity1 stated that their intraocular pressure had been measured at different times of the day. The visual field was tested a mean of 0.9  times per year at the ophthalmology clinic, but 1.4 times per year in the outpatient area. Further measures for @entity726 diagnostic testing were carried out 0.8 times per year at the ophthalmology clinic, and 0.4 times per year in the outpatient area. For the majority of @entity1 , there were no additional costs for outpatient @entity726 diagnostic testing. Only 4% of @entity1 had to pay more than 100       per year for these services. Conclusions For the majority of @entity726 @entity1 in the Greater Hamburg area, the @entity726 health services conform to the guidelines set by the German Ophthalmological Society. Intraocular pressure measurements were performed on almost all @entity1 at the regular check-ups and visual fields were examined as recommended. However, for about one-fifth of the @entity1 , regular procedures for optic nerve analysis do not take place. The date of the next appointment was arranged immediately, allowing close follow-up, with little or no additional costs for the majority of @entity1 .

title: [Quality of XXXX Care in the Greater Hamburg Area].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: Sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs) A to D are lysosomal factors required in degradation of @entity13740 with short hydrophilic head groups and are derived from a precursor protein. Sap-B deficiency causes a variant of @entity8431 and sap-C deficiency causes a variant of @entity1120 . @entity1 @entity13551 has been reported in two @entity1 in a single family. In these cases, various inclusions were described in the liver, skin, muscle and peripheral nerves ultrastructurally, but there was no report on the pathological study of the central nervous system (CNS). With targeted disruption of the precursor protein gene, we have generated @entity19 with @entity13551 . These @entity19 developed progressive @entity16 around day 20 and could not survive beyond day 40. Their cardinal pathology is extensive neurovisceral storage. Neuronal storage was already detected in the dorsal root ganglia as early as postnatal day 1 and diffuse neuronal storage was detected in the CNS after day 10. This storage was immunoreactive with anti-ubiquitin antibody and ultrastructurally appeared as inclusions consisting of numerous concentric lamellar and dense granular structures in the perikarya as well as in dendrites and axons. Axonal spheroids containing electron-dense concentric lamellar bodies and neurofilaments were also conspicuous. The extent of neuronal storage, numbers of storage neurons and axonal spheroids increased with age, accompanied with @entity17 , astrogliosis and increase of macrophages. After day 30, argyrophilic tangle-like structures, which were immunoreactive with an antibody to phosphorylated neurofilaments, were found in the perikarya of many spinal and some neocortical neurons. Inclusions with various ultrastructural features were also noted in the glial cells, choroid plexus epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, Schwann cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, hepatocytes, and renal tubular epithelial cells. Some inclusions in the visceral organs were closely similar to those described in @entity1 cases of @entity13551 . The ultrastructural features of these inclusions in SAP knockout @entity19 appeared unique and were different from those of other known @entity29288 .

title: Pathological study of XXXX with total deficiency of sphingolipid activator proteins (SAP knockout @entity19 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['hypomyelination']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity13740 :: ('MESH:D013107', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingolipids']

entities_list: @entity8431 :: ('MESH:D007966', 'Disease') :: ['metachromatic leukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity29288 :: ('MESH:D013106', 'Disease') :: ['sphingolipidoses']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease']

entities_list: @entity13551 :: ('MESH:C567125', 'Disease') :: ['total SAP deficiency']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Several studies suggest a link between circadian rhythm disturbances and tumorigenesis. However, the association between circadian clock genes and prognosis in @entity0 has not been systematically studied. Therefore, we examined the expression of 17 clock components in @entity5 from 766 node-negative @entity0 @entity1 that were untreated in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. In addition, their association with @entity3 -free survival (MFS) and correlation to clinicopathological parameters were investigated. Aiming to estimate functionality of the clockwork, we studied clock gene expression relationships by correlation analysis. Higher expression of several clock genes (e.g., CLOCK, @entity307 , @entity5394 , @entity5395 , @entity19344 , @entity40555 and RORC) was found to be associated with longer MFS in univariate Cox regression analyses (HR<1 and FDR-adjusted P < 0.05). Stratification according to molecular subtype revealed prognostic relevance for @entity307 , @entity5395 , @entity19344 and @entity41995 in the ER+/ @entity1722 - subgroup, CLOCK and @entity40555 in the ER-/ @entity1722 - subtype, and @entity58049 in @entity1722 + @entity0 . In the multivariate Cox model, only @entity5395 (HR = 0.66; P = 0.016) and RORC (HR = 0.42; P = 0.003) were found to be associated with survival outcome independent of established clinicopathological parameters. Pairwise correlations between functionally-related clock genes (e.g., @entity5394 - @entity5395 and @entity19344 - @entity5395 ) were stronger in ER+, @entity1722 - and low-grade @entity189 ; whereas, weaker correlation coefficients were observed in ER- and @entity1722 + @entity5 , high-grade @entity5 and @entity5 that progressed to metastatic disease. In conclusion, loss of clock genes is associated with worse prognosis in @entity0 . Coordinated co-expression of clock genes, indicative of a functional circadian clock, is maintained in ER+, @entity1722 -, low grade and non-metastasizing @entity5 but is compromised in more @entity146 .

title: Loss of circadian clock gene expression is associated with XXXX progression in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The objective of nursing is to increase health and well being, prevent morbidity and obtain the best physical and social rehabilitation. The nurse's role in @entity298 ( @entity298 ) consists of promoting and supporting @entity1 to perform self-care. In the'Text Book of @entity298 , published in 2000,the chapter dedicated to the nurses' role says:"Regular home visits are an important part of follow-up care, as the family and @entity1 need to realize that continuing support is available... It is advisable that the first exchange after discharge from hospital is in the presence of a nurse... Early recognition and management of problems will assist in keeping the @entity1 healthy and well rehabilitated, and will hopefully reduce hospital visits and inpatient stays" (1). Home care in Hospital Universitario La Paz has been developed with varying dedication over the years. Firstly, it was offered if significant problems appeared (1979-1990), later, home visits were started for some new @entity298 @entity1 (1990-1994) and follow up visits then ensued (1995-1996). In 1997, a project was undertaken which included home training for the first time in our unit, as well as periodic follow up visits. This project was shown to the Hospital Nurse Direction, and approved immediately. It started during the first term of 1997. There were several reasons which led us to undertake this project including the importance of providing @entity298 at home and making it lifelong and it was felt that the hospital was an unfriendly environment in which to learn @entity298 . The main objective was to establish early on, the @entity1 's social environment and psychological status, and to assess how these influenced aspects of learning and adapting to @entity298 . Most @entity1 expressed a very good opinion about the home training. Only one @entity1 rejected the presence of the nurse at home. The nursing team was very satisfied because early knowledge about the @entity1 's psychosocial conditions and family environment was established. The incidence of @entity298 decreased.

title: Home training experience in peritoneal dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal Dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recent animal studies have shown that @entity595 can reach the brain after chronic exposure. However, little information is available on the neurological effects of chronic long-term exposure to @entity595 . In the present study, the effects during 1.5, 6 and 9-month periods of chronic ingestion of @entity7524 (UN) in drinking water (40 mg of @entity595 per litre) on cholinergic @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) activity and on dopaminergic and serotoninergic metabolisms were investigated in several areas of male Srague Dawley @entity35 brains. @entity595 brain accumulation and distribution was also investigated after 1.5 and 9 months. Both after 1.5, 6 and 9 months of exposure, @entity4833 activity was unaffected in the striatum, hippocampus and frontal cortex. Nevertheless, @entity4833 activity was transitionally perturbed in the cerebellum after 6 months of exposure. After 1.5 months of exposure, DA level increased in hypothalamus. After 6 months of exposure, a tiny but significant modification of the DAergic turnover ratio was detected in the frontal cortex. And after 9 months, UN produced a significant decrease in the @entity5581 level and the 5HTergic turn-over ratio in the frontal cortex and also a decrease in the @entity4925 level and DAergic turn-over ratio in the striatum. @entity595 brain accumulation was statistically significant in striatum after 1.5 months and in striatum, hippocampus and frontal cortex after 9 months of exposure. Although neurochemical changes did not always correlated with increased accumulation of @entity595 in specific areas, these results suggest that chronic ingestion of UN can cause chronic and progressive perturbations of physiological level of neurotransmitter systems. Considering previous reports on behavioural @entity595 -induced effects and the involvement of neurotransmitters in various behavioural processes, it would be crucial to determine whether these @entity74 were accompanied by @entity4934 even at 40 mg of @entity595 per litre exposure.

title: Chronic ingestion of @entity7524 perturbs XXXX activity and monoamine metabolism in male @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['neurobehavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['neurochemical disorders']

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['uranium', 'Uranium']

entities_list: @entity7524 :: ('MESH:D014502', 'Chemical') :: ['uranyl nitrate']

answer: @entity4833 :: (83817(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['acetylcholinesterase']


abstract: We report here the sequencing and analysis of the genome of the purple non- @entity599 photosynthetic bacterium @entity37853 CBS. This microbe is a model for studies of its carboxydotrophic life style under anaerobic condition, based on its ability to utilize @entity1223 (CO) as the sole @entity505 substrate and water as the electron acceptor, yielding @entity515 and H2 as the end products. The CO-oxidation reaction is known to be catalyzed by two enzyme complexes, the CO dehydrogenase and hydrogenase. As expected, analysis of the genome of Rx. gelatinosus CBS reveals the presence of genes encoding both enzyme complexes. The CO-oxidation reaction is CO-inducible, which is consistent with the presence of two putative CO-sensing transcription factors in its genome. Genome analysis also reveals the presence of two additional hydrogenases, an uptake hydrogenase that liberates the electrons in H2 in support of cell growth, and a regulatory hydrogenase that senses H2 and relays the signal to a two-component system that ultimately controls synthesis of the uptake hydrogenase. The genome also contains two sets of hydrogenase maturation genes which are known to assemble the catalytic metallocluster of the hydrogenase NiFe active site. Collectively, the genome sequence and analysis information reveals the blueprint of an intricate network of signal transduction pathways and its underlying regulation that enables Rx. gelatinosus CBS to thrive on CO or H2 in support of cell growth.

title: Genome Annotation Provides Insight into @entity1223 and Hydrogen Metabolism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity37853 :: ('28068', 'Species') :: ['Rubrivivax gelatinosus']

answer: @entity37853 :: (28068,Species) :: ['Rubrivivax gelatinosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To implement a school based health promotion programme aimed at reducing risk factors for @entity28 and to evaluate the implementation process and its effect on the school. DESIGN: Data from 10 schools participating in a group randomised controlled crossover trial were pooled and analysed. SETTING: 10 primary schools in Leeds. @entity1 : 634 @entity1 (350 @entity1 and 284 @entity1 ) aged 7-11 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Response rates to questionnaires, teachers' evaluation of training and input, success of school action plans, content of school meals, and @entity1 's knowledge of healthy living and self reported behaviour. RESULTS: All 10 schools participated throughout the study. 76 (89%) of the action points determined by schools in their school action plans were achieved, along with positive changes in school meals. A high level of support for nutrition education and promotion of physical activity was expressed by both teachers and parents. 410 (64%) parents responded to the questionnaire concerning changes they would like to see implemented in school. 19 out of 20 teachers attended the training, and all reported satisfaction with the training, resources, and support. Intervention @entity1 showed a higher score for knowledge, attitudes, and self reported behaviour for healthy eating and physical activity. CONCLUSION: This programme was successfully implemented and produced changes at school level that tackled risk factors for @entity28 .

title: Evaluation of implementation and effect of primary school based intervention to reduce risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity808 are @entity4847 that originate from any anatomical site. Most @entity808 occur in the head, neck or limbs, but rarely occur in the retroperitoneal space. Furthermore, the @entity808 originating from the vagus nerve of retroperitoneal space is much rare. We experienced a case of retroperitoneal @entity4775 . A 34-year-old male was referred to our hospital for the evaluation of abdominal mass on ultrasonography. Endoscopic examination revealed @entity5 on high body of the stomach. Computed tomography (CT) revealed that the stomach was compressed by a solid @entity5 in the retroperitoneum. On exploratory laparotomy, this mass turned out to be a baseball sized mass in the retroperitoneal space. The mass was excised in an encapsulated state. Histological examination with immunohistochemical stains revealed a @entity4775 .

title: [A case of retroperitoneal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'Schwannomas', 'schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['benign nerve sheath tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal tumor-like lesion']

entities_list: @entity4775 :: ('MESH:D020421', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma of the vagus nerve']

answer: @entity4775 :: (MESH:D020421,Disease) :: ['schwannoma of the vagus nerve']


abstract: One hundred and twenty-one @entity1 with postoperative @entity4036 of different size and location were treated, 103 of them underwent surgery with @entity7502 endoprosthesis. Size of @entity547 was objectively assessed with an original method of X-ray-computed hernioabdominometry. The parameter presents as percentage of relative volume of @entity547 . Based on this index, @entity547 were classified by size in the following way: small -- relative volume 1.0 - 5.0%, middle-sized -- 5.1 -14,0%, large -- 14.1 - 18%, gigantic -- over 18.0%. Choice of a hernioplasty method depended on relative @entity86 . Middle-sized @entity547 were indications for reconstructive surgery (complete adaptation of muscular and aponeurotic layers of abdominal wall), gigantic @entity547 - for correcting surgery (specified @entity6877 of muscular and aponeurotic layers was maintained). In large @entity547 the method of hernioplasty was individual depending on compensatory abilities of the @entity1 . @entity260 (6.6%) were local and seen in 6.6% cases. There were no lethal outcomes and complications associated with endoprosthesis. Recurrences of @entity547 were not revealed in all 103 @entity1 examined from 6 months to 2.5 years after surgery.

title: [Plastic surgery of postoperative XXXX with @entity7502 endoprosthesis].

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal hernias']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity6877 :: ('MESH:D046548', 'Disease') :: ['diastasis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['volume of postoperative hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

answer: @entity4036 :: (MESH:D046449,Disease) :: ['abdominal hernias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of therapy-resistant secondary @entity726 with cyclodestructive approaches may give rise to unsatisfactory intraocular pressure results, leading to phthisis. A final option may be the implantation of an external @entity726 drainage system (GDS). A consecutive positioning of the drainage system under the conjunctiva and implantation of the drainage tube into the anterior chamber, may result in an uncontrolled reduced of intraocular pressure leading to intraocular @entity548 into the anterior chamber or vitreous cavity. In particular, expulsive @entity548 are feared as deleterious complication. @entity1 AND METHODS: 15 @entity1 (15 eyes) with secondary @entity726 received a GDS. All @entity1 were previously unsuccessfully treated by numerous approaches (mean 2.7 times). The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 37 mmHg (range: 22 to 55 mmHg). We performed a sequential approach: during the first operation we implanted and fixed the resorption site of a Molteno GDS onto the sclera close to the equator in the superotemporal quadrant. After an inflammation-free interval of 2 - 3 weeks we placed the drainage tube into the anterior chamber. The average postoperative follow-up period was 20.5 months (range: 3 to 62 months). RESULTS: The implantation of the GDS using a sequential approach was well tolerated by all @entity1 . While 14 out of 15 eyes achieved an IOP of 15 mmHg (range: 12 to 18 mmHg), 2 of them still required additional topical @entity726 treatment. An unsatisfactory IOP regulation was observed in only one eye although a revision surgery was performed postoperatively. Four eyes developed a light anterior chamber @entity548 that resorbed without serious complications within 3 weeks. A @entity2194 was treated by an anterior chamber injection of a viscoelastic gel. CONCLUSION: The potential disadvantage of the GDS can be almost completely avoided using a sequential approach. The implant heals well in the subtenon space during the first postoperative week, thus preventing an overfiltration of anterior chamber fluid. Our positive results show that the GDS is an important treatment option in selected @entity1 .

title: [Glaucoma drainage system according to Molteno for therapy-resistant XXXX --a two-stage surgical technique to avoid postoperative hypertension].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal effusion in one eye']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhages']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of @entity3413 on plasma lipoproteins and renal function in @entity196 (insulin-dependent) @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2316 . Twenty-six hypercholesterolaemic (total @entity165 greater than or equal to 5.5 mmol/l) Type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity8 were enrolled in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study for 12 weeks. The active treatment group (n = 14) received @entity3413 (10-20 mg/day) for 12 weeks while the remaining 12 @entity1 received treatment with placebo. The results during @entity3413 treatment (baseline vs 12 weeks): total @entity165 6.6 vs 4.8 mmol/l (p less than 0.01), LDL- @entity165 4.25 vs 2.57 mmol/l (p less than 0.01) and @entity755 1.37 vs 1.06 mmol/l (p less than 0.01). HDL- @entity165 , and @entity1675 remained unchanged. Total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 , @entity1675 , @entity755 remained unchanged during placebo treatment. @entity633 measured during the @entity3413 and the placebo treatment (baseline vs 12 weeks) (the data are logarithmically transformed before analysis because of their positively skewed transformation; geometric mean (x/divided by antilog SE) is indicated) was 458 (x/divided by 1.58) vs 393 (x/divided by 1.61) and 481 (x/divided by 1.62) vs 368 (x/divided by 1.78 micrograms/min (NS). Glomerular filtration rate during @entity3413 and placebo treatment (baseline vs 12 weeks) was 64 vs 63 and 72 vs 74 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2, respectively. Two @entity1 receiving @entity3413 treatment were withdrawn, one due to gastrointestinal side effects and one due to @entity925 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasma lipoproteins and renal function during @entity3413 treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolaemic Type 1']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: @entity377 excision repair (NER) is the most versatile and universal pathway of DNA repair that is capable of repairing virtually any damages other than a double strand break (DSB). This pathway has been shown to be inducible in several systems. However, question of a threshold and the nature of the damage that can signal induction of this pathway remain poorly understood. In this study it has been shown that prior exposure to very low doses of @entity3734 enhanced the survival of wild type @entity375 when the cells were challenged with UV light. Moreover, it was also found that @entity3734 treated @entity29815 mutants did not show enhanced survival indicating an involvement of @entity377 excision repair in the enhanced survival. To probe this further the actual removal of @entity7391 dimers by the treated and control cells was studied. @entity3734 treated cells removed @entity7391 dimers more efficiently as compared to control cells. This was confirmed by measuring the in vitro repair synthesis in cell free extracts prepared from control and primed cells. It was found that the uptake of active @entity7263 was significantly higher in the plasmid substrates incubated with extracts of primed cells. This induction is dependent on de novo synthesis of proteins as @entity1880 treatment abrogated this response. The nature of induced repair was found to be essentially error free. Study conclusively shows that NER is an inducible pathway in @entity375 and its induction is dependent on exposure to a threshold of a genotoxic stress.

title: DNA damage induced XXXX excision repair in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity3734 :: ('MESH:D009993', 'Chemical') :: ['osmium tetroxide', 'Osmium tetroxide']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide', 'Nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the association of engagement in cognitively stimulating activities with cognitive and functional decline in a population-based sample of incident @entity195 ( @entity195 ). METHOD: After diagnosis, 187 @entity1 (65% females) were followed semiannually for a mean 2.7 (SD = 0.4) years. Mean age and education were 84.6 (SD = 5.8) and 13.2 (SD = 2.9) years. Caregivers enumerated cognitively stimulating leisure activities via the Lifestyle Activities Questionnaire. Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination and functional ability via the Clinical @entity303 Rating sum of boxes. Linear mixed models tested the association between stimulating activities and change over time in each outcome. Covariates were demographic factors, estimated premorbid IQ, presence/absence of the @entity2204 allele, duration of @entity303 , level of physical activity, and general health. RESULTS: At initial assessment, 87% of @entity1 were engaged in one or more stimulating activities, with mean (SD) activities = 4.0 (3.0). This number declined to 2.4 (2.0) at the final visit. There was a statistical interaction between @entity303 duration and number of activities in predicting rate of @entity73 (p = .02) and overall functional ability (p = .006). DISCUSSION: Active involvement in cognitively stimulating pursuits may be beneficial for @entity1 with @entity195 .

title: Cognitive stimulation and cognitive and functional decline in @entity195 : the cache county XXXX progression study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: We report the anesthetic management of @entity9661 in a two-month-old @entity1 scheduled for lateral canthoplasty. He had features of the syndrome including @entity9169 , @entity5766 , a flat nose, @entity8556 with a limited opening, @entity4239 , a very short @entity135 , @entity1635 and multiple @entity8482 . He was fed with a naso-gastric tube and suffered from several episodes of @entity1173 and @entity26 desaturation. Difficult airway and intubation were anticipated. Anesthesia was induced via a mask with sevoflurane, although mask ventilation was difficult. Direct laryngoscopy and the insertion of a laryngeal mask airway were impossible due to @entity8556 with the limited opening as anticipated. A naso-tracheal intubation was achieved using a fiberoptic bronchoscope via a fiberoptic mask while ventilating the lungs. The operation and anesthesia afterwards were uneventful. In the ward, he was given supplemental @entity26 but with occasional desaturation episodes. Thirteen days after the operation he was found cyanotic and resuscitation was attempted but failed. Autopsy demonstrated the @entity509 of the lungs and thorax, @entity891 and @entity3617 .

title: [Anesthetic management of an XXXX with @entity9661 ].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['webbed neck']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['arthrogryposis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity8556 :: ('MESH:D008865', 'Disease') :: ['microstomia']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity9169 :: ('MESH:D016569', 'Disease') :: ['blepharophimosis']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

entities_list: @entity9661 :: ('MESH:C535483', 'Disease') :: ['Freeman-Sheldon (whistling face) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: One hundred thirty-seven @entity4724 from 120 @entity1 seen during a 23 1/2 year period were studied as two groups. The first group consisted of 32 @entity5 removed by the otolaryngology department. Material from these cases was re-examined microscopically for evidence of @entity5 occurrence within lymph nodes located inside and outside the parotid gland. This group of 32 @entity5 was also studied as part of the second group, 105 additional lesions removed by the surgery department. Data on @entity1 age, sex, and race, as well as @entity5 multiplicity, location, and size were incorporated into a single statistical analysis. Seventy-two percent of the @entity5 in the first group were intranodal in location. Second primary @entity4724 occurred in 13 (11%) of the @entity1 . Eight occult @entity5 were identified, and their importance is discussed. A single Negro, a @entity1 , was found among 118 @entity1 . The observed frequency of the @entity5 was twentyfold less than expected among the Negro population.

title: @entity4724 ( XXXX ) in @entity1 in a general hospital over a 24-year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4724 :: ('MESH:D000235', 'Disease') :: ["Warthin's tumors"]

answer: @entity4724 :: (MESH:D000235,Disease) :: ['Warthin's tumor']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of replacement and suppressive thyroxine therapy on @entity79 ( @entity79 ). 30 postmenopausal @entity1 ; 19 on replacement therapy (dose 1.22 +/- 0.35 micrograms/kg; duration 11.4 +/- 7.2 years) and 11 on suppressive therapy (dose 1.45 +/- 0.71 micrograms/kg; duration 9.5 +/- 7.2 years). Controls were 60 healthy @entity1 matched for age and menopausal status. @entity79 at the lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry. Forearm @entity79 at distal site was measured by single-photon absorptiometry. Mean thyroid hormone values and TSH were within normal limits, although the @entity1 on suppressive therapy had significantly higher T3 (p < 0.05) than the @entity1 on replacement therapy. @entity79 on each site was significantly lower in the replacement treated group than in controls. @entity79 in @entity1 on suppressive therapy was lower, but not significantly, compared to controls. @entity1955 therapy could have an adverse effect on @entity79 . The magnitude of @entity604 depends on the serum level of thyroid hormones and on the functional state of thyroid hormone receptor in bone tissue, as well.

title: [Bone mineral density in @entity1 on long-term therapy with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['Thyroxine']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['levothyroxine']