abstract: The purpose of this article is to describe a hitherto underreported late complication of @entity439 repair (EVAR), namely type Ib endoleakage resulting from @entity439 at the iliac artery landing site. In a prospectively recorded audit, between 1994 and 2007, 297 @entity1 underwent EVAR. All cases that developed @entity1029 ( @entity1029 ) were studied. Ten cases of @entity1029 in seven @entity1 (2.4% of the cohort) developed 5 to 9 years after EVAR. Eight of the 10 involved the lower landing site of the stent graft. Landing site diameter before EVAR was 12 mm (range 10-15 mm). Three IAAs presented as emergencies with rapidly expanding sacs and impending @entity397 . All cases underwent further endovascular intervention with no < 30-day mortality. Iliac artery landing site @entity439 formation after EVAR occurs uncommonly after 5 or more years. It should be regarded as an indication for intervention prior to type Ib endoleakage development. The need for lifelong surveillance is highlighted.

title: Another late complication after XXXX repair: @entity439 at the iliac artery landing site.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['IAA', 'iliac artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal degeneration', 'infrarenal endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: @entity413 binds irreversibly to a variety of structures, including hemoglobin and proteins, by non-enzymatic glycosylation. Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures the blood @entity413 control over the lifespan of the RBCs. The importance of routinely assessing HbA1c in @entity6 @entity1 is well established. Both individual and institutional performance in the @entity6 arena may be judged by the number of @entity1 reaching target HbA1c values. In some @entity1 , however, the HbA1c does not accurately portray glycemic control and may delay treatment for poorly-controlled @entity6 . We report on a @entity1 in whom the HbA1c values were falsely low as a result of @entity5714 associated with @entity2590 . The @entity1 had consistent elevation of @entity413 values. @entity9208 measurement was able to confirm poorly-controlled @entity6 and assist in improving @entity6 control. @entity9208 is unaffected by disorders of red blood cells, which have a profound potential influence on HbA1c. @entity9208 also has the advantage of accurately reflecting shorter-term changes in glycemia that correspond to the half-life of albumin. In @entity6 @entity1 with HbA1c values below the lower limit of normal, a routine @entity9208 level should be performed. We recommend a @entity9208 level should be considered in all @entity1 with @entity1503 or with discrepancies between @entity413 measurements and HbAlc values. @entity9208 , an inexpensive assay, is currently underused in the clinical practice. A guideline for using @entity9208 levels is included and some of the pitfalls in relying solely on the HbAlc are discussed.

title: @entity9208 --an underutilized tool in XXXX management: case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['Myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['Fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['red blood cell disorders']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic uterosacral uterine suspension and describe the surgical technique. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). SETTING: University tertiary medical center. @entity1 : Twenty-three @entity1 with symptomatic uterine prolapse and desire for uterine preservation who underwent surgical repair. INTERVENTION: Laparoscopic uterine uterosacral uterine suspension. MEASUREMENTS: Preoperative and postoperative evaluations were completed. The stage of @entity3577 was assessed using the ICS @entity3577 quantification (POP-Q) examination. Descriptive statistics and paired t testing were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Nineteen of 23 @entity1 (82.6%) had preoperative prolapse stage 2 or greater. Nine @entity1 (40.9%) had uterine prolapse beyond the hymen. After operation there were significant improvements in the stage of prolapse (2 vs 0, p<.01). The POP-Q scores for point C and D were significantly further away from the hymen after operation than compared with the preoperative values (-0.6 vs -7.8, and -5.0 vs -8.6; p<.01) respectively. There were no intraoperative complications. The estimated @entity190 (mean+/-SD) was 111.5+/-139.4 mL. The hospital stay (mean+/-SD) was 2.2+/-1.7 days. None of the @entity1 had symptomatic prolapse during the mean follow-up of 15.9 months. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic uterine suspension appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for uterine prolapse in @entity1 who desire uterine preservation.

title: Laparoscopic uterosacral uterine suspension: a minimally invasive technique for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']


abstract: Conditioned stimuli (CSs) associated with paced copulation induce a conditioned partner preference for males bearing the CS. Here we examined the activation of @entity5019 immunoreactivity ( @entity5019 -IR) following exposure to a CS previously paired with either paced or nonpaced copulation. Ovariectomized, hormone-primed @entity35 received 10 sequential conditioning trials at 4-day intervals. In experiment 1, females in the odor-paired group learned to associate an almond odor on a male with paced copulation and an unscented male with nonpaced copulation. In the odor-unpaired group, females received the opposite association. In experiment 2, females associated two different strains of male, Long-Evans or @entity35 , with paced or nonpaced copulation, respectively. A preference test indicated that females in both experiments developed a conditioned preference for the pacing-related males, as indicated by significantly more solicitations toward the male and a preference to copulate with the pacing-related male. Subsequently, females were exposed to the CS (odor or strain) alone for 1 h prior to kill and preparation of their brains for immunocytochemistry. In both experiments, the CS associated with paced copulation produced significantly more @entity5019 -IR in the piriform cortex, medial preoptic area, and ventral tegmental area, relative to the same odor or strain cues associated with nonpaced copulation. These findings provide evidence that the state associated with paced copulation can be conditioned to environmental stimuli such as neutral odors or strain cues, which earn an incentive value via classical conditioning. The significance of the brain areas activated is discussed with regard to their role in sexual and other motivated behaviors.

title: Neuronal activation by stimuli that predict sexual reward in female XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2698 are typically found in soft-tissue, but only rarely found in the sinonasal tract. @entity2698 have been reported mostly through case studies, and optimal treatment is considered surgical excision. Classically, open surgical methods of @entity5 extirpation have been considered standard of care. With the wider use of endoscopic methods, an updated systematic review in terms of treatment is warranted. METHODS: Cases were identified using a MEDLINE and PubMed search. Relevant studies were identified, and data was extracted regarding @entity1 demographics, presenting symptoms, @entity5 characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 128 cases were collected from 56 articles, consisting of case reports and series. The most common presenting symptoms were @entity1415 , @entity8968 , and @entity158 / @entity4 /pressure. Computed tomography (CT) and X-ray were the most common modes of imaging during diagnosis and operative planning. The @entity5 often occupied multiple locations in the sinonasal tract at initial presentation. Surgical resection was the mainstay of treatment in 126 of the 128 cases (98.4%), either through open resection or endoscopic techniques. Surgical removal resulted in no recurrence in 79.7% of the cases. The use of endoscopic techniques increased significantly in the past decade. This review found no significant difference in terms of recurrence between endoscopic and open treatment groups, age, gender, and unilocality vs multilocality of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Surgical management remains the mainstay of treatment for @entity2698 . Endoscopic resection of these lesions has increased over the last few decades and has become a safe, viable, and reasonable alternative to open resection.

title: Management of sinonasal XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytomas', 'Hemangiopericytomas', 'Sinonasal hemangiopericytomas']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity2698 :: (MESH:D006393,Disease) :: ['hemangiopericytomas']


abstract: Since June 1980, 138 @entity1 have undergone surgical treatment for refractory @entity1165 due to @entity741 . Electrically guided surgical ablation (EGSA) of the focus was performed in 117 @entity1 , while 14 @entity1 underwent application of @entity737 ( @entity737 ), and 8 @entity1 underwent heart transplantation. During the whole period considered, among the EGSA @entity1 an operative mortality of 13 @entity1 was observed (11.4%), with a late mortality of another 14 @entity1 (13.4%). Two early and six late recurrences were described, and 4 cases of @entity944 , with 2 cases clearly due to an arrhythmic event. Multivariate analysis showed preoperative ejection fraction lower than 25% as a powerful predictor of early mortality (32% vs 0%). Actuarial survival rate of @entity1 with LVEF lower than 25% was 67 +/- 12% vs 95 +/- 2% at one year and 37 +/- 25% vs 94 +/- 8% at 8 years. A high operative mortality was then observed in @entity1 who underwent aneurysmectomy alone or visually guided procedures as compared to electrically guided procedures (75% or 3 deaths out of 4 @entity1 vs 8.5% or 10 out of 113 @entity1 , respectively). @entity1 who received an @entity737 with or without associated procedures showed 1 case of in-hospital mortality and no late mortality; in 6 @entity1 at least one shock was delivered; in two @entity1 the @entity737 was implanted during an EGSA procedure, due to multiple or difficult origins of the @entity943 . Of @entity1 who underwent heart transplantation one case of later mortality was observed due to @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Surgery of refractory ischemic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden or unexplained death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator', 'AICD']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: Among leguminous plants, the model legume @entity3589 (Regel) Larsen has many biological and genetic advantages. We have developed a genetic linkage map of @entity6953 based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), simple sequence repeat polymorphism (SSRP) and derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS). The F2 mapping population used was derived from a cross between two @entity6953 accessions Gifu B-129 and Miyakojima MG-20. These parental accessions showed remarkable cytological differences, particularly with respect to size and morphology of chromosomes 1 and 2. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with BAC clones from Gifu B-129 and @entity2008 ( @entity2008 ) clones from Miyakojima MG-20, a reciprocal translocation was found to be responsible for the cytological differences between chromosomes 1 and 2. The borders of the translocations were identified by FISH and by alignment toward the L. filicaulis x @entity6953 Gifu B-129 linkage map. The markers from the main translocated region were located on linkage groups 1 and 2 of the two accessions, Gifu B-129 and Miyakojima MG-20, respectively. The framework of the linkage map was constructed based on codominant markers, and then dominant markers were integrated separately in each linkage group of the parents. The resulting linkage groups correspond to the six pairs of chromosomes of @entity6953 and consist of 287 markers with 487.3 cM length in Gifu B-129 and 277 markers with 481.6 cM length in Miyakojima MG-20. The map and marker information is available through the World Wide Web at http://www.kazusa.or.jp/lotus/.

title: Construction of a genetic linkage map of the model legume XXXX using an intraspecific F2 population.

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['TAC', 'Transformation-competent Artificial Chromosome']

entities_list: @entity3589 :: ('34305', 'Species') :: ['Lotus japonicus']

answer: @entity3589 :: (34305,Species) :: ['Lotus japonicus']


abstract: The frequency with which @entity1283 was seen on CT and its relevance to disease of the portal venous system associated with @entity660 were studied. We performed a retrospective study of 50 @entity1 with proved @entity660 and another 50 @entity1 without such disease. The CT examinations were done in incremental dynamic fashion after a bolus injection of contrast medium. Scans were evaluated for collateral channel formation, including GEV enlargement, and for involvement of the portal venous system by @entity660 . Part of the GEV arcade was visible in 36 @entity1 without @entity660 , and on average measured 3.2 mm in diameter (range, 1-5.5 mm). GEV enlargement was visible in 62% of the @entity1 with disease; 16% demonstrated a vessel 6 mm or more in diameter. Thirty-four percent of the @entity1 with disease had @entity455 : 26% had isolated splenic vein involvement, 2% had isolated portal vein involvement, and 6% had a combination of splenic and portal vein involvement. Of the @entity1 with @entity4558 , 81% had collateral channel formation, 50% of them demonstrating isolated GEV enlargement. @entity1 with @entity4558 due to acute @entity660 had a much higher instance of GEV enlargement (83.3%). Collateral vessels are commonly seen on CT scans of @entity1 with @entity4558 and most often occur via enlarged GEVs. Acute @entity660 is frequently associated with GEV enlargement, suggesting that the latter represents an early response to @entity4558 . In contrast, multiple collateral pathways tend to develop in @entity1 with chronic @entity660 .

title: Gastroepiploic veins: CT appearance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['portal venous complications']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['gastroepiploic vein (GEV) enlargement']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic vein disease']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of invasive procedures has mostly been studied in retrospective (multi)- national registries. Limited evidence exists on the association between microalbuminuria and @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS: The incidence of major adverse @entity299 (MACE) and invasive cardiac procedures was registered between 1997 and 2003 in 8139 subjects, without prior documented @entity453 , in the PREVEND cohort study (the Netherlands), in which the focus is on microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk. Qualitative coronary angiographic analysis was performed. RESULTS: During 5.5 years of follow-up, a first MACE occurred in 271 (3.3%) and a first coronary angiography (CAG) was performed in 264 (3.2%) subjects. Of these, 216 CAGs were available for qualitative angiographic analysis. Indications for CAG were @entity5749 in 129, @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) in 55 and ST-elevation @entity583 (STEMI) in 32 subjects. Obstructive @entity453 was present in 61, 53 and 30 subjects, respectively. A revascularisation was performed in 50 (39%), 50 (91%) and 25 (78%) subjects, respectively. Microalbuminuria was associated with a first MACE, after adjustment for established risk factors. Microalbuminuria was present at baseline in 9% of subjects with normal coronary arteries, in 21% of subjects with one- and two-vessel @entity453 and in 39% of subjects with threevessel or left main @entity453 at CAG during follow-up (Ptrend=0.005). CONCLUSION: This large cohort study shows that two-thirds of diagnostic CAGs for @entity5749 were not followed by a revascularisation, in contrast to CAGs for STEMI or @entity1187 . Furthermore, this study shows that microalbuminuria is associated with @entity453 . (Neth Heart J 2007;15:133-41.).

title: Clinical characteristics, XXXX and coronary angiographic findings in the prospective PREVEND cohort: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: Telerehabilitation (telerehab) offers cost-effective services that potentially can improve access to care for those with acquired @entity16 . However, regulatory issues including licensure, reimbursement, and threats to privacy and confidentiality hinder the routine implementation of telerehab services into the clinical setting. Despite these barriers, rapid technological advances and a growing body of research regarding the use of telerehab applications support its use. This article reviews the evidence related to acquired neurologic speech and @entity3180 in adults, focusing on studies that have been published since 2000. Research studies have used telerehab systems to assess and @entity74 including @entity4653 , @entity1742 of speech, @entity2026 , and mild @entity195 . They show that telerehab is a valid and reliable vehicle for delivering speech and language services. The studies represent a progression of technological advances in computing, Internet, and mobile technologies. They range on a continuum from working synchronously (in real-time) with a speech-language pathologist to working asynchronously (offline) with a stand-in virtual therapist. One such system that uses a virtual therapist for the treatment of @entity2026 , the Web-ORLA    (Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL) system, is described in detail. Future directions for the advancement of telerehab for clinical practice are discussed.

title: Telerehabilitation, virtual therapists, and acquired neurologic speech and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language disorders']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic communication disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['treat disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity3180 :: (MESH:D007806,Disease) :: ['language disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effects of retrograde @entity528 is well determined in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after @entity1897 , but the effects of @entity1779 on the DRG has not been well known. In this study, it was investigated if @entity548 of sensory-motor cortex cause @entity179 on DRG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 23 male hybrid @entity95 . Three of 23 animals were examined as control. Left parietal burr-hole surgery was applied to remaining 20 animals and autolog blood of 0.25ml injected into left sensory-motor region under general anesthesia. All @entity95 were followed-up for two months and sacrificed. L(5) DRG's were observed histopathologically. The results were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: Right spastic @entity1158 developed only in 16 operated animals and 10 of them were developed ileus. The number of degenerated neurons in DRG was higher in the plegic side than in the non-plegic side (p<0.001). But, the difference between the non-plegic side of the study group and control group did not meaningful (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1779 affecting the sensory-motor cortex may result in @entity179 in DRG. Sensitive reflex arches of striated muscles and bowels may be disturbed due to @entity528 and results in @entity508 and/or ileus.

title: Ganglionary mechanisms of @entity508 and XXXX : an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesions']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Intracerebral hemorrhages', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death', 'DRG degeneration']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['ileus in cerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 is the most common @entity5 among @entity1 in many countries. The aim of the present study was to find out how the symptoms leading to a diagnosis, diagnostic procedures and stages of the disease among @entity263 @entity1 have changed over a period of 20 years. METHODS: This retrospective chart review consisted of 421 @entity263 @entity1 whose treatment was started in the years 1982, 1987, 1992, 1997 and 2002 at the Oulu University Hospital. Earlier @entity4623 , specific urological symptoms, diagnostic procedures, the @entity2802 classification and histological grade were recorded. RESULTS: The number of symptom-free @entity263 @entity1 increased over the 20 years, as did the number of @entity1 suffering from @entity1069 , although the latter increase was not statistically significant. A drop in the number of clinical T4 cases and increase of clinical T1 and clinical T2 cases was recorded but no clear change in the histological distribution occurred. The 5-year @entity263 -specific survival improved significantly over the 20 years. The urologist was found to be the @entity1 who was contacted first most often. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the number of @entity263 @entity1 has increased hugely over the period from 1982 to 2002 and although the clinical T stage has moved towards earlier stages, the proportion of well @entity5 remains low, so that most @entity1 have clinically significant @entity5 with the need of some form of therapy. Further, @entity263 -specific survival improved significantly over the period.

title: Changing trends in symptomatology, diagnostics, stage and survival of XXXX in Northern Finland during a period of 20 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['chronic prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['differentiated cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic disorders']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) has been recognized as a new form of angiogenesis. However, some previous studies have demonstrated the absence of VM channel in a @entity2184 xenograft @entity19 model. This study investigated the pattern and distribution of microcirculation in an intraocular animal model. C57Bl/6 @entity19 were randomly divided into 3 groups used for the blood supply models of @entity320 . The right eyes of the @entity19 received subretinal injections with B16 @entity320 cells and the left eyes were the control. One experimental group @entity19 was randomly sacrificed at days 3, 7 and 14 to evaluate the @entity5 size and microcirculation by immunostaining with anti- @entity22416 antibodies, PAS staining and electronic microscopy (EM). Activated- @entity505 tracing was used to confirm whether the VM structure connected to the host blood circulation at day 14. We observed 3 types of microcirculation patterns in this model. The tracer was used to confirm whether VM structure connected to the host blood circulation. The distribution of VM and MV was not uniform and appeared in patches. As the area of @entity5 tissue expands, the number of endothelium increases and that of VM decreases. The number of endothelium-dependent vessels correlated with the @entity5 size (r=0.805, P=0.000), while the number of VM was inversely correlated (r=0.47, P=0.03). The EM results validated the presence of 3 patterns. In conclusion, VM along with endothelium-dependent vessels and MV sustained the blood supply. @entity5 cells can obtain @entity26 and nutriment through VM and MV besides endothelium-dependent vessels. VM may be a way to adapt to rapid @entity5 growth and invasiveness.

title: A pilot study of vasculogenic mimicry immunohistochemical expression in intraocular XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of @entity1032 patterns (ARP) on detection of progressive retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss using scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (VCC). DESIGN: Observational cohort study. METHODS: The study included 377 eyes of 221 @entity1 with a median follow-up of 4.0 years. Images were obtained annually with the @entity9999 VCC (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc, Dublin, California, USA), along with optic disc stereophotographs and standard automated perimetry (SAP) visual fields. Progression was determined by the Guided Progression Analysis software for SAP and by masked assessment of stereophotographs by expert graders. The @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) was used to quantify the presence of ARPs on @entity9999 VCC images. @entity35628 models were used to evaluate the relationship between ARP and RNFL thickness measurements over time. RESULTS: Thirty-eight eyes (10%) showed progression over time on visual fields, stereophotographs, or both. Changes in @entity4653 scores from baseline were significantly associated with changes in RNFL thickness measurements in both progressing and nonprogressing eyes. Each 1-unit increase in @entity4653 score was associated with a 0.19-microm decrease in RNFL thickness measurement (P < .001) over time. CONCLUSIONS: ARPs had a significant effect on detection of progressive @entity989 with the @entity9999 VCC. Eyes with large amounts of atypical patterns, great fluctuations on these patterns over time, or both may show changes in measurements that can appear falsely as @entity2789 or can mask true changes in the RNFL.

title: Impact of @entity1032 patterns on detection of glaucoma progression using the XXXX with variable corneal compensation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2789 :: ('MESH:D018450', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous progression']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['atypical retardation']

entities_list: @entity35628 :: ('MESH:C562757', 'Disease') :: ['Random coefficients']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['RNFL loss']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['typical scan score', 'TSS']

answer: @entity9999 :: (8266,Gene) :: ['GDx']


abstract: Cultured @entity1 mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) encounter two distinct barriers to indefinite growth. The first barrier, originally termed selection, can be overcome through loss of expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity986 ( @entity986 ). The resultant @entity986 -, @entity876 + post-selection HMEC encounter a second barrier, termed agonescence, associated with critically shortened @entity10205 and widespread chromosomal aberrations. Although some cell death is present at agonescence, the majority of the population retains long-term viability. We now show that abrogation of @entity876 function in post-selection HMEC inactivates cell cycle checkpoints and changes the mostly viable agonescence barrier into a crisis-like barrier with massive cell death. In contrast, inactivation of @entity876 does not affect the ability of HMEC to overcome the first barrier. These data indicate that agonescence and crisis represent two different forms of a telomere-length dependent proliferation barrier. Altogether, our data suggest a modified model of HMEC senescence barriers. We propose that the first barrier is Rb-mediated and largely or completely independent of telomere length. This barrier is now being termed stasis, for stress-associated senescence. The second barrier (agonescence or crisis) results from ongoing @entity2681 leading to critically short @entity10205 and @entity409 .

title: Inactivation of XXXX function in cultured @entity1 mammary epithelial cells turns the telomere-length dependent senescence barrier from agonescence into crisis.

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['telomere erosion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['telomere dysfunction']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5419 is a common pediatric problem, affecting as many as 6% of young @entity1 , yet it is unclear whether pediatricians are well prepared to manage food-induced @entity2021 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to assess pediatricians' knowledge of diagnosis and management of @entity1 with food-induced @entity2021 . METHODS: A survey designed to assess @entity5419 diagnosis and management was mailed to a US national random sample of 1130 pediatricians. Survey questions were based on a clinical scenario involving a @entity1 having an anaphylactic reaction after ingesting peanut. Primary outcome measures included correct responses to the 11 questions about @entity2021 . RESULTS: A total of 468 pediatricians (41%) responded to the survey. The majority of the respondents were @entity1 (58%), spent > 50% of their time in a clinical setting (78%), and reported providing care for @entity5419 @entity1 (86%). Overall, 70% of the pediatricians agreed that the clinical scenario was consistent with @entity2021 , and 72% chose to administer @entity1425 . However, only 56% of respondents agreed with both the diagnosis of @entity2021 and treating with @entity1425 . Most pediatricians (70%) did not recognize that a 30-minute observation period after @entity2021 was too short. Pediatricians who reported providing care for @entity5419 @entity1 were more likely to agree with the diagnosis of @entity2021 (73% vs 59%), with treating the reaction with @entity1425 (73% vs 64%), and with prescribing self-injectable @entity1425 (83% vs 66%) than pediatricians who did not care for @entity5419 @entity1 . The more certain that pediatricians were that the @entity1 was having an anaphylactic reaction, the more likely they were to agree with treating the reaction with @entity1425 . In general, recent continuing medical education was not predictive of improved knowledge. CONCLUSION: Although the majority of pediatricians seem to have some knowledge of food-induced @entity2021 , a substantial proportion has knowledge deficits that may hinder their ability to provide optimal care to @entity1 with food-induced @entity2021 . Pediatricians who provide health care for @entity1 with @entity5419 may be better equipped to manage food-induced @entity2021 than those who do not. Because continuing medical education was not a significant predictor of increased knowledge, ensuring that pediatric residents develop experience managing @entity1 with @entity5419 may be a better strategy to educate primary care pediatricians about @entity5419 .

title: Diagnosis and management of food-induced XXXX : a national survey of pediatricians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'food allergies', 'Food allergy']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylaxis']


abstract: @entity2071 is one of the most important intercellular adhesion molecules involved in @entity731 . Previous studies reported increased circulating @entity2071 plasma levels in @entity2175 @entity1 with or without @entity455 . It has been suggested that an acute increase of plasma @entity413 may produce an oxidative stress in @entity1 , and in vitro studies have demonstrated that high @entity413 and free radicals induce cellular expression of @entity2071 . In this study, three different experiments were performed in nine @entity2175 @entity1 and in seven matched healthy controls: oral @entity413 tolerance test, antioxidant @entity2041 i.v. administration for two h, oral @entity413 tolerance test plus @entity2041 i.v. administration. Blood samples were drawn at -15 min and every 30 min from 0 to 180 min. During the oral @entity413 tolerance test, circulating @entity2071 plasma levels significantly increased in both @entity6 and normal subjects. @entity2041 administration during the oral @entity413 tolerance test abolished this phenomenon. @entity2041 administered alone significantly decreased circulating @entity2071 plasma levels in @entity6 @entity1 , while no effect was observed in the normal subjects. These data suggest that @entity4854 may induce an increase of circulating @entity2071 plasma levels through an oxidative stress, and that the antioxidant @entity2041 counterbalances this effect. These data support the hypothesis of a causal relationship linking @entity4854 , oxidative stress and @entity731 in @entity6 .

title: @entity4854 -induced circulating XXXX @entity6 : the possible role of oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2071 :: (3383,Gene) :: ['ICAM-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Three years after the identification of @entity6820 / @entity6820 , 2 more genes for @entity29 ( @entity29 ) were reported. The @entity6211 /organic cation transporter (OCTN) on 5q31 ( @entity12785 ) is associated with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity22399 (10q23), a member of membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family, with @entity8787 . We studied mutation prevalence, assessed phenotypic expression, and performed conditional analysis to examine evidence for gene-gene interactions. METHODS: A cohort of 2032 individuals was genotyped for disease-associated OCTN and @entity22399 variants, including 981 @entity1 with @entity8787 ( @entity30 , n = 769; @entity31 , n = 186; indeterminate @entity1960 , n = 26) followed up at a tertiary @entity8787 center. For 373 @entity1 , DNA from both parents was available (cohort 1) for transmission disequilibrium testing analysis; case-control analysis was performed in 608 @entity1 and 305 controls (cohort 2). RESULTS: There was no distortion of transmission toward affected offspring for any of the variant alleles. Case-control analysis also failed to shown an association. A higher frequency of @entity22399 113A was observed in @entity6820 -positive @entity1 (12.2%) compared with @entity6820 -negative @entity1 (8.7%; P = .033). The OCTN-TC risk haplotype was associated with penetrating disease (odds ratio, 1.474; 95% confidence interval, 1.028-2.114; P = .035). For @entity22399 , there were no associations with a particular phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: @entity22399 and OCTN do not play a role in the susceptibility to @entity8787 , @entity30 , or @entity31 in the Flemish population but play a role in the phenotypic expression of the disease. OCTN variants were associated with perianal and penetrating @entity30 . More studies in independent populations are urgently needed to assess the validity of @entity22399 and OCTN in the pathogenesis of @entity8787 .

title: Association of organic cation transporter risk haplotype with perianal penetrating XXXX but not with susceptibility to @entity8787 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBDs', 'inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the markers of perfusion which best discriminate survivors from non-survivors of childhood @entity295 and to compare the information derived from gastric tonometry with conventionally measured haemodynamic and laboratory parameters. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study of @entity1 with @entity1850 or @entity326 . SETTING: Paediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary referral centre. @entity1 : 31 @entity1 with @entity1850 or @entity326 . INTERVENTIONS: A tonometer was passed into the stomach via the orogastric route. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The following data were recorded at admission, 12, 24 and 48 h: heart rate, mean arterial pressure, arterial pH, base deficit, arterial @entity880 , gastric intramucosal pH ( @entity14243 ) and DCO2 (intramucosal @entity544 tension minus arterial partial pressure of @entity544 ). The principal outcome measure was. The secondary outcome measure was the number of organ systems failing at 48 h after admission. There were 10 deaths and 21 survivors. No variable discriminated survival from @entity204 at presentation. Blood @entity880 level was the earliest discriminator of survival. Using univariate logistic regression, @entity880 discriminated survivors from those who died at 12 and 24 h after admission, but not at 48 h (p = 0.049, 0.044 and 0.062, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for @entity880 was 0.81, 0.88 and 0.89 at 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. At 12 h after admission, a blood @entity880 level > 3 mmol/l had a positive predictive value for @entity204 of 56% and a @entity880 level of 3 mmol/l or less had a positive predictive value for survival of 84%. At 24 h a @entity880 level > 3 mmol/l had a positive predictive value for @entity204 of 71% and a level of 3 mmol/l or less had a positive predictive value for survival of 86%. No other variable identified non-survivors from survivors at 12 h. Gastric tonometry could only be done on 19 of the 31 @entity1 , of whom 8 died and 11 survived. In these 19 @entity1 , DCO2 measured at 24 h, but not at 12 or 48 h, distinguished those who died from those who survived (p = 0.045 and p = 0.20, respectively). The area under the ROC curve for DCO2 measured at 24 h as a predictor of survival was 0.71. Neither the absolute value of @entity14243 nor the trend of change in @entity14243 at any time in the first 48 h identified survivors in this series. The mean arterial pressure distinguished survivors from non-survivors at 24 and 48 h (area under ROC curve = 0.80 and 0.78, respectively). The base deficit and heart rate did not identify non-survivors from survivors at any time in the first 48 h. CONCLUSIONS: Blood @entity880 level was the earliest predictor of outcome in @entity1 with @entity295 . In this group of @entity1 , gastric tonometry added little to the clinical information that could be derived more simply by other means.

title: Predictors of mortality and multiple organ failure in XXXX with @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: This paper presents a single institution's longterm experience regarding the incidence and management of @entity5 of the atlas and @entity2270 and discusses clinical and imaging findings and treatment options. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the registry of the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli for @entity1 admitted and treated for @entity5 of the upper cervical spine. We identified 62 @entity1 over 37 years, from July 1973 to October 2010. There were 39 male and 23 female @entity1 , with a mean age of 39.5 (range 5-77) years. For each @entity1 , we collected data on clinical presentation, imaging and treatment. Mean follow-up was 10 years. RESULTS: @entity5 were diagnosed in 24 (39%) and @entity5 in 38 (61%) @entity1 . The most common @entity5 were bone metastases, followed by @entity10545 and @entity3580 . The atlas was involved in six and the @entity2270 in 52 @entity1 ; in four @entity1 , both the atlas and @entity2270 were involved. The most common clinical presentation was @entity158 , torticollis, @entity1282 and @entity51 . Surgical treatment was performed in 35 @entity1 and conservative treatment, including intralesional @entity1667 injections and halo-vest immobilisation with or without radiation therapy, chemotherapy or embolisation, in the remaining @entity1 . One @entity1 with @entity13626 of the atlas had local recurrence. All @entity1 with metastatic @entity79 had local recurrence; four of the eight @entity1 with @entity6872 progressed to multiple @entity1582 within 1-4 years. All @entity1 with @entity3580 had two to four local recurrences. @entity1 with @entity421 and @entity511 died owing to local and distant disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 of the cervical spine are rare. However, they should be kept in mind when examining @entity1 with neck @entity158 or neurological symptoms at the extremities. In most cases, only intralesional surgery can be administered. Combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy is indicated for certain @entity5 histologies.

title: XXXX and @entity2270 : a 37-year experience with diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity13626 :: ('MESH:D018215', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'Benign bone tumours', 'Bone tumours', 'tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteomas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumours of the atlas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity263 has been impeded by the lack of both clinically relevant disease models and metabolic markers that track @entity5 progression. Hyperpolarized (HP) @entity7352 MR spectroscopy has emerged as a new technology to investigate the metabolic shifts in @entity263 . In this study, we investigate the @entity413 reprogramming using HP @entity7352 @entity2388 MR in a @entity1 -derived prostate tissue slice culture (TSC) model. METHODS: The steady-state metabolite concentrations in freshly excised @entity1 prostate TSCs were assessed and compared to those from snap-frozen biopsy samples. The TSCs were then applied to a perfused cell (bioreactor) platform, and the bioenergetics and the dynamic @entity2388 flux of the TSCs were investigated by (31) P and HP (13) C MR, respectively. RESULTS: The prostate TSCs demonstrated steady-state glycolytic and phospholipid metabolism, and bioenergetics that recapitulate features of @entity263 in vivo. @entity7352 spectra following injection of HP @entity7352 @entity2388 showed significantly increased @entity2388 to @entity880 flux in malignant as compared to the benign prostate TSCs. This increased flux in the malignant prostate TSCs correlated with both increased expression of @entity3338 transporters (MCT) and activity of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH). CONCLUSIONS: We provide the first mechanistic evidence for HP @entity7352 @entity880 as a @entity263 biomarker in living @entity1 tissues, critical for the interpretation of in vivo studies. More broadly, the clinically relevant metabolic model system in combination with HP MR can facilitate the identification of clinically translatable biomarkers of @entity263 presence, @entity146 , and treatment response.

title: Metabolic reprogramming and validation of hyperpolarized 13C @entity880 as a XXXX biomarker using a @entity1 prostate tissue slice culture bioreactor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: : To describe the clinical and radiologic features and management of an intraorbital @entity2548 secondary to penetrating injury. METHOD: : Interventional case report and literature review. RESULTS: : We describe a 13-year-old @entity1 with a history of penetrating @entity2694 who presented with @entity5768 , eyelid @entity450 , and orbital @entity450 . Computed tomography showed a large foreign body in the superiormedial orbit and an enlarged superior ophthalmic vein (SOV). Doppler ultrasonography revealed arterialized flow in the SOV. Removal of the foreign body did not alter the orbital symptoms. Carotid angiography disclosed a @entity292 between the ophthalmic artery and the SOV. The @entity1 underwent an attempted coil embolization of the @entity292 through the femoral vein, which was unsuccessful, but she developed profound @entity715 of the SOV, which propagated through the orbital venous system. Although orbital venous congestive symptoms were acutely exacerbated, they regressed spontaneously within 1 month. The @entity1 was followed for 23 months without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: : Penetrating injury of the orbital apex may lead to the formation of an @entity2548 , transvenous embolization of which may be complicated by @entity715 of the SOV. In our case, this unintentional result facilitated the resolution of the @entity292 .

title: Intraorbital XXXX secondary to penetrating injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['proptosis']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia', 'venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical and EEG features of the syndrome of benign childhood partial @entity410 with @entity391 and EEG occipital spikes ( @entity751 [ @entity751 ]). METHODS: Prospective study of @entity1 with normal general and neurologic examinations who had @entity410 with @entity391 and EEG with occipital spikes. RESULTS: From February 1990 to 1997, the authors found 66 @entity1 with @entity751 and 145 @entity1 with benign childhood @entity302 with centrotemporal spikes. Peak age at onset of @entity751 was 5 years. Ictal deviation of the eyes and progression to generalized @entity410 were common. One-third had partial @entity159 . During sleep, all had @entity410 . While awake, one-third also had @entity410 . Five @entity1 with @entity751 had concurrent symptoms of @entity1654 and another five developed @entity410 after remission of @entity751 . Prognosis was excellent: one-third had a single @entity410 , one-half had two to five @entity410 , and only 4.5% had frequent @entity410 . CONCLUSIONS: Panayiotopoulos-type benign childhood @entity302 is less common than benign childhood @entity302 with centrotemporal spikes but is well defined and recognizable by clinical and EEG features.

title: Panayiotopoulos-type benign childhood XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'rolandic seizures']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['ictal vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1654 :: ('MESH:D019305', 'Disease') :: ['rolandic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'occipital epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Panayiotopoulos syndrome', 'PS']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['occipital epilepsy']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyse the proliferative fraction with the monoclonal antibody M1-R-R to M1-subunit @entity2151 reductase and with @entity1758 to Ki-67 antigen in relation to @entity876 protein expression in fine needle aspirates from B-cell @entity1893 . One hundred and thirty-seven cases, previously diagnosed and sub-typed according to the Kiel classification and characterized by immunophenotyping, were included in the study. The M-1 subunit @entity2151 reductase (M1-R-R), Ki-67 and @entity876 antigens were detected using monoclonal antibodies on stored cytospin preparations. There was a good correlation (r = 0.72) between Ki-67 and M1-R-R positive cell fraction in both high and low grade @entity706 . @entity1893 had a median percentage of M1-R-R/ @entity1758 positive cells of 53.0/73.0 for lymphoblastic, 61.0/52.0 for immunoblastic and 33.5/41.0 for @entity706 , respectively. In low grade @entity706 figures of median percentage of M1-R-R/ @entity1758 were 9.0/15.0 for centroblastic/centrocytic, 11.0/9.5 for @entity6444 , 16.0/27.0 for centrocytic and 12.0/9.0 for immunocytomas, respectively. The median percentages of M1-R-R/ @entity1758 for high and low grade @entity706 were 37.0/50.5 and 11.0/12.0, respectively. In the @entity876 positive cases the proliferation rate as measured by staining for M1-R-R and @entity1758 was higher than in @entity876 negative cases, but the difference was not statistically significant. The results show that cytospin material obtained by fine needle aspiration and stored at -70 degrees C for years can be used reliably for both peroxidase-avidin- @entity1885 and three-step alkaline phosphatase immunocytochemical staining. In addition, proliferation fraction determined by M1-R-R monoclonal antibody staining correlates well with that measured by an established marker for cell proliferation, the Ki-67 antibody. However, the proliferation fraction as measured by the two antibodies differs in the various subtypes of @entity1893 which indicates that they may contribute different prognostic information.

title: Analysis of proliferating cell fraction determined by monoclonal antibody to M1-subunit @entity2151 reductase and Ki-67 in relation to XXXX protein expression in fine-needle aspirates from @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['centroblastic lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'High-grade lymphomas', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A variety of @entity5 suppress host immune defenses by secretion of soluble factors. @entity558 ( @entity558 ) from @entity5 cell lines possess the ability to suppress proliferation of activated T cells. The effects of @entity558 from the @entity263 cell line DU-145 on T cell activation was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 PBMC, purified T cells and Jurkat T cells were treated with DU-145 @entity558 . Proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, Fas expression/and cytokine secretion were assessed by @entity1014 incorporation, flow cytometry and ELISA. RESULTS: DU-145 @entity558 increased proliferation of concanavalin-A (ConA) activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) increasing the percentage of cells in the S/G2 phase of cell cycle. Treatment of the Jurkat T cell line with DU-145 @entity558 induced a potent proliferative response. ConA-induced proliferation of purified T cells from @entity1 PBMC and @entity19 splenocytes was augmented in a dose-dependent manner by addition of DU- 145 @entity558 . DU- 145 @entity558 treatment of ConA-activated T cells induced an increase in @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) production. The soluble factor(s) responsible for promoting T cell proliferation was dependent on protein synthesis by the DU- 145 cells and possessed a molecular weight greater than 10 kDa. CONCLUSION: DU- 145 cells secrete a soluble factor(s) > 10 kDa, whose production is dependent on protein synthesis and which acts as a promoter of T cell activation.

title: Secretion of a soluble T cell promoting factor by the XXXX @entity263 cell line DU-145.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Conditioned media']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'numerous cancer']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe clinical description, biological findings, outcome and prognostic factors of @entity7227 @entity4968 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We report a cohort study spreaded over 6 years (1999-2004), realized in Medical Intensive Care Unit in Ibn-Rochd University Hospital at Casablanca (Morocco). This study included 315 @entity1 admitted for @entity7227 ( @entity10155 ) @entity4968 . Diagnosis was based on: @entity4968 reported by the @entity1 or his family, clinical data, biological findings and qualitative determination of PPD. Epidemiological parameters was obtained at admission. Every day, clinical and biological data, therapy and gravity scores were collected and a mean was calculated. RESULTS: 315 @entity1 were admitted over this period. The mean age was 23+/-9 years. We noticed a clear female predominance (sex-ratio=9.86). The intoxication was voluntarily aiming at autolysis in 93.3% of the cases. The @entity1 were admitted at about 5+/-5.3 hours after the intoxication. The clinical chart was at first dominated by the respiratory and renal symptoms. The mean of @entity9153 was 132,351.8+/-164,978 UI/l. The treatment was especially symptomatic. The mortality was 47%. The multivariate analysis concluded that acid urinary pH, hyperglycaemia, hard muscles, betamimetic drugs and MPM II>0.14 were associated with a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: The PPD @entity4968 represents the first cause of toxic @entity5925 in our context and responsible of high mortality. For that, it's necessary to control PPD trade, to inform the medical @entity1 and a rapid management.

title: [ @entity5925 and @entity7227 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity7227 :: ('MESH:C029728', 'Chemical') :: ['paraphenylene-diamine']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thirty to 60% of @entity5607 @entity1 have @entity85 . There is no consensus regarding optimal therapy. This long-term retrospective study is the first to compare radiologic and clinical data with @entity1 assessments, to define more precise surgical indications. METHODS: All @entity1 presenting with hereditary multiple exostose during the period from 1990 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Masada @entity85 classification, treatment, clinical course, and radiologic data were included from the preoperative period to the last follow-up. Operated mature @entity1 self-assessed their functional handicap using the QuickDASH score. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (27 forearms) were included. Thirteen of the @entity1 had forearm operations, one twice, on the average at 11.1    3 years of age. The average age at last follow-up was 17.6    3.7 years. Data analysis showed no significant functional and radiologic improvement between the early postoperative period and last follow-up. Average QuickDASH score was 15.3    14.9 (out of 100), indicating minor self-assessed handicap despite major clinical and radiologic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic radial head instability appears to be an indication for ulnar lengthening surgery. Even severe @entity85 without @entity3029 may be managed conservatively given the lack of postoperative functional improvement. Corrective radial osteotomy may be considered near the end of the growth spurt. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

title: @entity85 in XXXX : clinical and functional results at maturity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'forearm deformities', 'forearm deformity']

entities_list: @entity5607 :: ('MESH:D005097', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary multiple exostoses']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation']

answer: @entity5607 :: (MESH:D005097,Disease) :: ['hereditary multiple exostosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Utilizing data obtained during a multicenter investigation, this paper illustrates how the use of covariates and careful modeling techniques can be useful in assessing whether a negative outcome from a small multicenter clinical trial could be due to imbalance in baseline characteristics. The Chemoprevention for Barrett's Esophagus Trial (CBET) was a phase IIb, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of @entity12698 in @entity1 with @entity355 . The primary outcomes for the original study were the proportion of biopsy samples exhibiting @entity1141 in the @entity12698 and placebo groups. The secondary and tertiary outcomes included histologic change and measurements of biologically relevant markers, including @entity21513 mRNA, prostanoid levels, and methylation of @entity5 suppressor genes @entity986 , APC, and @entity5962 . The original study reported no significant differences in primary, secondary or tertiary outcomes. In this paper, we focus on the results of one of the secondary measures, quantitative endoscopy (QE). DESIGN: The study utilizes data from 56 @entity1 in the CBET for whom baseline (BL) QE and one-year follow-up QE (F04) studies were performed. Of these, 29 were treated with @entity12698 (200 mg twice daily for a minimum of 48 weeks) and 27 received the placebo. These @entity1 are segmented as to the presence or absence of circumferential, tongues or islands of Barrett's. MEASUREMENTS: The response of interest is total affected area at one year (Total F04); affected area at baseline ( @entity348 ) is used as a covariate. RESULTS: Controlling for complexity and clinic, there is a significant treatment effect. In addition, there is significant evidence that the area of Barrett's involvement decreased for @entity1 in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: That there was a decrease for the @entity12698 over the placebo group adds to the body of evidence that relates @entity2247 specific inhibitors and @entity5 incidence.

title: Modeling using baseline characteristics in a small multicenter clinical trial for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have investigated the effect of latanoprost on intraocular pressure (IOP). We compared the IOP-lowering effects of three higher concentrations of latanoprost with the commercially available concentration of 0.005% (50  g/mL) in @entity1 with primary @entity1538 or @entity2790 . METHODS: Treatment-naive subjects or those receiving IOP-lowering medication with baseline IOP levels of >=  24 mmHg and  <= 36 mmHg in at least one eye after washout were randomized to receive an evening dose of latanoprost 50, 75, 100, or 125  g/mL for 4 weeks. At weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, ocular examinations were performed and IOP was measured. Ocular symptoms and adverse events were monitored. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in IOP from baseline to week 4 at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. for the per protocol (PP) population using a "worse eye" analysis. Secondary efficacy endpoints were change in IOP at each time point from baseline across all visits, and percentage change in IOP from baseline to week 4 at 8 a.m. RESULTS: In all, 282 @entity1 were randomized and treated; 274 were included in the PP population. Treatment groups were similar at baseline; 68% were diagnosed with primary @entity1538 . Mean baseline IOP levels were comparable across treatments. There were no statistically significant differences in IOP reductions from baseline to week 4 at either time point between those treated with higher concentrations of latanoprost versus those receiving 50  g/mL. Least squares mean IOP changes at 8 a.m. were -10.13, -9.59, -10.02, and -9.06 mmHg for latanoprost 50, 75, 100, and 125  g/mL, respectively, and at 4 p.m. were -8.90, -8.29, -8.81, and -8.34 mmHg, respectively. Results of secondary efficacy analyses supported those of the primary analysis. @entity3169 , the most commonly reported adverse event, occurred in 16.9%, 18.6%, 20.8% and 15.9% of subjects receiving latanoprost 50, 75, 100, and 125  g/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IOP reductions were observed in all treatment groups postbaseline, with no clinically relevant or statistically significant differences detected favoring any of the higher concentrations of latanoprost compared with latanoprost 50  g/mL. All doses of latanoprost were well tolerated. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier NCT01379144.

title: A 4-week, dose-ranging study comparing the efficacy, safety and tolerability of latanoprost 75, 100 and 125  g/mL to latanoprost 50  g/mL (xalatan) in the treatment of primary @entity1538 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['Conjunctival hyperemia']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['ocular hypertension']


abstract: A 37-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of suspicion of the @entity2 in November 2003. @entity5 biopsy revealed a small number of @entity5 cells with @entity5606 features, which had eosinophilic cytoplasmic globules. However, a definitive histological diagnosis was not obtained. We considered that a diagnosis of lung @entity5 was likely according to the findings of chest CT scan and pathology. Although radiotherapy reduced the @entity5 size, he started to have @entity490 and tarry stool one month after radio therapy. Multiple small intestine metastases were detected by gastroenterological endoscopy. The @entity1 died due to bleeding from these metastatic lesions in May 2004. Immunohistologic staining of the cervical lymph node showed that @entity5606 cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), @entity2277 , and anticytokeratin antibody (CAM5.2), but not for @entity7457 ( @entity7457 ). From the autopsy findings and clinical course, he was finally diagnosed with large cell @entity2 with @entity5606 phenotype. Because of its aggressive clinical course, early diagnosis and decision on therapy would be very important for this disease.

title: [A case of large cell XXXX with @entity5606 phenotype].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Transbronchial tumor', 'tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['TTF-1', 'thyroid transcription factor-1']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the lung']


abstract: @entity2086 was obtained by denervation of its synergists. This @entity1184 is characterised by a 32% increase in muscle mass. The muscle consists of type I and IIa (oxidative), and IIb (glycolytic) fibres. Fibres of all types were enlarged in hypertrophied muscles and the proportion of type I fibres was increased. We investigated the capillarisation after @entity1184 as related to fibre type. In order to obtain this information a new technique was used, capable of estimating not only the traditional overall @entity2478 ( @entity2478 ) but also an index of heterogeneity in capillary spacing (LogSD), the 'local capillary to fibre ratio' (LCFR), obtained separately for each muscle fibre type, and finally a @entity2478 for each respective fibre type, the 'capillary fibre density' ( @entity2537 ). It was found in both control and hypertrophied muscles that @entity2478 was higher in the deep (few IIb fibres) than in the superficial part of the muscle (considerable number of IIb fibres). The LogSD was lower, indicating less heterogeneity, in the deep than in the superficial part of the muscle. The LCFR and @entity2537 of each fibre type was greater in the deep than in the superficial region of both control and hypertrophied muscles. Furthermore the @entity2537 and LCFR were larger in type I and IIa fibres than in IIb fibres in each region of control and hypertrophied muscles. In hypertrophied muscles the @entity2478 was not significantly different from that of control muscles. However, LCFR of all fibre types was increased significantly in hypertrophied muscles as compared with controls, demonstrating capillary proliferation. The @entity2537 and IIa fibres in the deep region of hypertrophied muscles as compared with controls suggests that here the capillary proliferation lags behind the increase in muscle mass. Endurance training had no significant effects for any region in any of the indices that were used.

title: The relationship between capillarisation and fibre types during XXXX in the rat.

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['Compensatory hypertrophy of the plantaris muscle']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'capillary density']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'decreased CFD of type I']

answer: @entity2086 :: (MESH:C536106,Disease) :: ['compensatory hypertrophy of the plantaris muscle']


abstract: We prospectively studied spontaneous recovery from @entity2897 -induced @entity4094 in 18 @entity1 scheduled for cardiac surgery, and its suitability for fast-track cardiac surgery. @entity4094 was induced by an i.v. bolus (range 0.15-0.3 mg kg(-1)) and maintained by a continuous infusion (range 1.1-3.2 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) of @entity2897 until sternal closure. In the intensive care unit (ICU), spontaneous recovery was evaluated by the @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) ratio measured at the adductor pollicis muscle. The ICU medical staff were unaware of the @entity3370 ratios until sedation was stopped. At that time, if the @entity3370 ratio was less than 0.9, sedation was recommenced. On arrival in ICU, all @entity1 had residual paralysis. The mean time to reaching a @entity3370 ratio of at least 0.9 was 102 min (range 74-144 min) after discontinuation of the @entity2897 infusion. Fifteen @entity1 (83%) were successfully extubated during the first 8 h after stopping the @entity2897 infusion. Only one @entity1 showed residual paralysis when sedation was discontinued. These results support the use of @entity2897 as a suitable neuromuscular blocking agent for fast-track cardiac surgery.

title: Use of XXXX during fast-track cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromuscular block', 'neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity2897 :: ('MESH:C101584', 'Chemical') :: ['cisatracurium']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'train-of-four']

answer: @entity2897 :: (MESH:C101584,Chemical) :: ['cisatracurium']


abstract: @entity413 -regulated stress response of @entity5 cells occurs during the growth of solid @entity5 and is induced in culture by treatments with various agents, including @entity897 , @entity4823 , and @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 . We previously reported that the three stressors commonly induced cell-cycle arrest in the G1 phase and resistance to antitumor drugs in @entity1 @entity5 A2780 and HT-29 cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of stress-induced @entity1167 by determining the expression of cell-cycle-regulating proteins. Among G1 cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk) examined, the expression levels of @entity4910 preferentially decreased in the stressed cells. A time-course study showed that the decrease in @entity4910 coincided with the appearance of @entity995 protein ( @entity996 ), which is the growth suppressive form. These findings suggest that the stress-induced @entity1167 is mediated through the down-regulation of @entity4910 -associated kinases ( @entity20405 ), @entity996 kinases during G1 phase. This was also supported by decreased @entity8985 expression in stressed HT-29 cells. In addition, p21WAF1, a cdk inhibitor, was induced in the stressed cells, particularly @entity3365 -treated cells. @entity3365 , compared with the other stressors, caused extreme @entity996 hypophosphorylation, suggesting that p21WAf1 is involved in the regulation of @entity996 phosphorylation in the stressed cells. Our present findings could explain a molecular-based mechanism of a growth-arrested quiescent state and also resistance to chemotherapy of solid @entity5 cells.

title: @entity413 -regulated stresses cause decreased expression of @entity4910 and hypophosphorylation of XXXX protein in @entity1 @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the hypothesis that @entity3542 / @entity1507 , @entity6421 , and @entity1904 (PCT) levels can be useful predictors of @entity295 -associated mortality and predictors of the @entity260 after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Intensive care unit of the Medical University Hospital. @entity1 : 41 @entity1 with @entity295 , 42 @entity1 subjected to open heart surgery with CPB, and 30 healthy volunteers. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: @entity3542 / @entity1507 , @entity6421 , and PCT levels were measured in septic @entity1 as soon as @entity295 was recognized and then on the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th days of treatment. Statistically significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were found for @entity6421 and PCT. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for both parameters as predictors of mortality was above 0.8. The @entity3542 / @entity1507 level was also higher in nonsurvivors, but the AUC remained below 0.8, which indicates poor predictive power. The same parameters were measured in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery before, during and after CPB establishment. The development of post-operative complications was correlated with increased postoperative @entity6421 and PCT levels. Additionally, @entity6421 was found as an early marker for the prognosis of @entity260 , since @entity1 who developed organ dysfunction had had elevated concentration of this parameter even before surgery (AUC 0.83). Measurement of NO metabolite levels was less specific and less sensitive. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the value of PCT and @entity6421 measurement as diagnostic tools in monitoring the clinical course of @entity1 in intensive care units.

title: Effect of @entity295 and cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass on plasma level of nitric oxide metabolites, @entity6421 , and @entity1904 : correlation with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['neopterin']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrite', 'nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['mortality and postoperative complications']


abstract: 1. Tissue taken at operation was used to study the electrical and mechanical properties of @entity1 bronchial smooth muscle with intracellular microelectrodes and isometric recording of tension changes. 2. Over 90% of the muscle strips exhibited spontaneous tone and 70% produced spontaneous phasic contractions. The resting membrane potential of the smooth muscle cells ranged between -40 to -50 mV with a mean value of -44.9 +/- 5.2 mV (n = 92 +/- s.d.). Spontaneous oscillations of the membrane potential (slow waves) were observed in 90% of the cells examined. 3. The electrical slow waves, phasic contractions and spontaneous tone were greatly reduced by @entity1439 (10(-6)-10(-5) M). @entity3352 (1-5 x 10(-5) M), @entity3897 (10(-6) M) or a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, @entity1438 (5 x 10(-6) M) each reduced spontaneous mechanical tone. @entity3352 and @entity3897 each caused minor reduction in the amplitude of electrical slow waves. 4. @entity223 (10(-8) M), @entity2607 (10(-6) M) and K+-rich physiological salt-solution (containing @entity3897 10(-6) M) each caused tone development in tissue treated with @entity1438 (5 x 10(-6) M). In the case of @entity223 and @entity2607 , phasic contractions were superimposed on the developed tone. 5. Electrical field stimulation evoked an excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.) followed by a small group of slow waves. Repetitive field stimulation (2-20 stimuli at 20 Hz) markedly enhanced the amplitude of oscillatory slow waves. @entity1439 (1.9 x 10(-6) M) abolished the oscillatory slow waves following the e.j.p., and @entity2607 (10(-6) M) enhanced the amplitude of the e.j.p. and slow waves. 6. These results indicate that, under in vitro conditions, the electrical activity of @entity1 bronchial smooth muscle comprises slow wave discharge which may be related to the spontaneous contractions and generation of basal tone.

title: The spontaneous electrical and mechanical activity of XXXX bronchial smooth muscle: its modulation by drugs.

entities_list: @entity223 :: ('MESH:D017997', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene C4', 'Leukotriene C4']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigates the effects of local anesthetics application on @entity158 and @entity548 caused by nasal pack removal. METHODS: The study included 140 @entity1 . Of these, 72 were @entity1 and 68 were @entity1 . The mean age and weight of the @entity1 were 33.67    10.2 years (range, 21-63 years) and 69.6    13.6 kg. The @entity1 were divided randomly into four groups. Three of the four groups received one of the local anesthetics studied in our trial ( @entity3303 + @entity1425 , 0.25% @entity1341 , or 2% @entity5403 ) before removal of the nasal packing material and the control group received saline solution. Local anesthetics and 0.9% saline solution were applied to Merocel nasal packs 15 minutes before removal. Each @entity1 was given a questionnaire where verbal analog score and amount of @entity86 was noted. RESULTS: The mean @entity158 score was 3.5    1.2 (median, 4; range, 3-5) in the @entity3303 group, 4.5    1.2 (median, 4; range 3-5) in the @entity5403 group, 4.7    1.3 (median, 6; range, 3-5) in the @entity1341 group, and 6.35    1.2 (median, 6; range, 5-7) in the saline group during nasal packing removal. The @entity3303 group had significantly better @entity158 scores versus other groups (p < 0.05). @entity1341 and @entity5403 had significantly better @entity158 scores versus the control group, respectively. Analysis of @entity548 scores after pack removal showed that all three study groups had significantly better @entity548 scores versus the control saline group (p < 0.05). The @entity3303 group had significantly less @entity548 score than @entity1341 and @entity5403 groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Topical @entity3303 application before removal of nasal packs in @entity1 who undergo nasal septal surgery can decrease discomfort and @entity548 and improve @entity1 tolerance.

title: Comparison of ropivacaine, @entity1341 , @entity5403 , and @entity3303 in the management of XXXX and @entity548 during nasal pack removal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine', 'Bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Seventeen primiparous sows, anestrous for 41+/-4 days after weaning, received i.m. injections of 500 microg @entity4520 (EB) or @entity4336 oil. At 48 hr after treatment, LH averaged 12.1+/-2.6 ng/ml in EB-treated sows and 0.7+/-0.1 ng/ml in @entity4336 oil-treated sows. At 55 hr after EB or @entity4336 oil, each sow was given 50 microg gonadotropin releasing hormone ( @entity1176 ). Average @entity24030 hr after @entity1176 was 5.7+/-1.1 and 5.1+/-0.9 ng/ml in EB- and @entity4336 oil-treated sows, respectively. All EB-treated sows exhibited estrus 2.3+/-0.2 days after treatment and were mated. None of the @entity4336 oil-treated sows exhibited estrus and all were slaughtered two weeks after treatment. Examination of reproductive tracts revealed that the ovaries of @entity4336 oil-treated sows were small and did not contain corpora lutea. In mated sows, @entity1420 concentrations in blood two weeks after mating indicated luteal function in eight of the nine animals. Positive pregnancy diagnoses were made in all eight animals; however, only three sows farrowed, with litter sizes of four, five and seven, respectively. Results of the present experiment indicate that the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary of long-term anestrous sows are capable of responding to endocrine stimuli (i.e. @entity53 and @entity1176 ). Moreover, @entity53 induced estrus and ovulation, but subsequent farrowing rate was only 33 percent and size of litters was small.

title: Treatment of long-term anestrous sows with @entity4520 and XXXX : response of serum LH and occurrence of estrus.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

answer: @entity1176 :: (MESH:D007987,Chemical) :: ['GnRH']


abstract: The selectin class of adhesion molecules plays a critical role in facilitating leukocyte adhesion to and subsequent transmigration of endothelium. On this basis, selectins have been suggested to promote @entity3 of certain types of @entity5 , although direct evidence is lacking. To explore this hypothesis two sets of @entity19 were developed, one TgNES, which constitutively expresses cell surface @entity24780 in all tissues, the other TgNEsol, which expresses truncated, soluble @entity24780 in the liver. Both @entity19 showed apparently normal phenotype. However in TgNES @entity19 , but not in TgNEsol @entity19 , the number of neutrophil decreased to 50% compared with that in their negative littermate. And also these neutrophils were markedly activated. On the other hand, @entity19 @entity320 cells were stably transfected with alpha 1-3/4 fucosyltransferase-specific cDNA (B16F10 ft), allowing them to express @entity24780 ligands. Normal @entity19 injected with B16F10 ft developed @entity2 exclusively. In contrast, TgNES @entity19 developed massive, infiltrating @entity96 . TgNEsol @entity19 also developed @entity96 that grow more slowly. These observations suggest the important role of @entity24780 for neutrophil activation and @entity5 @entity3 in vivo.

title: The role of @entity24780 for neutrophil activation and @entity5 XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'B16 F10', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asian domestic house-helpers in Saudi Arabia come from a different socioeconomic setting with a different disease pattern from that of their host country. This study reports the incidence of @entity272 in this group seen at a referral hospital in northern Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The study was based on the analysis of the dermatologic and serologic examinations of 1520 domestic house-helpers during resident permit issue, and a retrospective study of clinical records of house-helpers with @entity272 . RESULTS: Routine examination revealed significant @entity272 in 374 (24.6%) individuals, and the disease was transmissible in 126 (8.3%). @entity16157 (5, 0.3%) and @entity1201 (1, 0.07%) were seen. @entity1909 and @entity1573 pox were the most common causes of hospital attendance. Psychologic @entity272 included three cases of @entity6004 , two cases of @entity8143 , and a case of @entity1909 artefacta. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of transmissible @entity272 in Asian domestic house-helpers is low compared with that in their home countries. Excluding individuals with stigmata of @entity483 from employment as house-helpers, adequate counselling will reduce the incidence of hand @entity1909 and @entity272 . There is a need for continuous surveillance to prevent the introduction of @entity272 not normally seen in the native population.

title: Skin and XXXX among Asian domestic house-helpers in northern Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity6004 :: ('MESH:D009497', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic excoriations']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease', 'skin and treponemal diseases', 'psychologic skin disorders', 'skin disorders', 'skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity16157 :: ('MESH:D014211', 'Disease') :: ['Treponemal infection']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['delusion of parasitosis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['Hand dermatitis', 'dermatitis']

answer: @entity16157 :: (MESH:D014211,Disease) :: ['treponemal diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obese individuals with @entity5550 frequently experience impairments in mood and quality of life, which improve with surgical or behavioral @entity353 interventions. It is unclear whether these improvements are due to @entity353 itself or to additional aspects of treatment, such as group support, or acquisition of cognitive-behavioral skills provided in behavioral interventions. The objective of the study was to compare changes in weight, symptoms of @entity308 , and quality of @entity28 individuals with @entity5550 undergoing bariatric surgery or a lifestyle modification intervention. The study setting was University Hospital. METHODS: Symptoms of @entity308 and quality of life were assessed at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 months in @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery but no lifestyle intervention (n = 36) and in nonsurgery @entity1 receiving a comprehensive program of lifestyle modification (n = 49). RESULTS: Surgery @entity1 lost significantly more weight than lifestyle @entity1 at 2, 6, and 12 months (P<.001). Significant improvements in mood (as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II [BDI-II]) and quality of life (as measured by the Short Form-36) were observed in both groups across the year, but there were no differences between the groups at month 12 (even when controlling for reductions in binge eating). A positive correlation was observed between the magnitude of @entity353 and change in BDI-II score when collapsing across groups. Moreover, @entity353 at one time point predicted BDI-II score at the next time point, but BDI-II score did not predict subsequent @entity353 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that similar improvements in mood and quality of life can be expected from either bariatric surgery or lifestyle modification treatments for periods up to 1 year.

title: Changes in XXXX and quality of life in @entity28 individuals with @entity5550 : bariatric surgery versus lifestyle modification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['life in extremely obese']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Nociceptive nerves innervate the skin and play an important role in the generation of @entity9 . However, it remains elusive whether and how nociceptive nerve terminals degenerate in @entity9 conditions. To address this issue, we investigated cutaneous innervation in a model of @entity158 , the @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ). The hind paws of @entity35 were immunocytochemically stained with a pan-axonal marker, @entity4119 ( @entity4119 ). Within 2 days after @entity8638 , @entity35 exhibited @entity1931 , and there was a partial depletion of epidermal nerves. The extent of @entity129 after @entity8638 was variable with an epidermal nerve density of 3.65 +/- 1.97 fibers/mm (compared to 15.39 +/- 1.58 fibers/mm on the control side, P < 0.02). There was a mild but concomitant increase in @entity4119 (+) Langerhans cells in the epidermis of the skin with @entity8638 (10.19 +/- 1.99 vs 7.75 +/- 1.36 cells/mm, P < 0.05). In the skin denervated by tight ligation of the sciatic nerve, epidermal nerves were completely depleted (0 fibers/mm vs. 12.26 +/- 1.44 fibers/mm on the control side, P < 0.001). Animals with tight ligation of the sciatic nerve exhibited thermal anesthesia. These findings suggest that the epidermis is partially denervated in @entity8638 , and that a partial injury of nerves is correlated with the development of @entity9 .

title: Cutaneous nerve terminal degeneration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in epidermal nerves']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['thermal hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful mononeuropathy']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful mononeuropathy']


abstract: Adrenarche is thought to be experienced only by @entity1 and some Old World primates despite observed regression of an adrenal fetal zone and establishment of a functional @entity4091 ( @entity4091 ) in other species like @entity2608 . Adrenal differentiation remains poorly defined biochemically in nonhuman primates. The present studies defined @entity4091 development in the neonatal rhesus by examining @entity342 synthetic capacity and factors affecting it in rhesus and marmoset adrenals. Western immunoblots examined expression of 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase cytochrome P450 (P450c17), cytochrome b5 (b5), and @entity1816 dehydrogenase (3betaHSD), among other key enzymes. 17,20-lyase activity was quantified in adrenal microsomes, as was the contribution of b5 to 17,20-lyase activity in microsomes and cell transfection experiments with rhesus and marmoset P450c17. Expression of b5 increased from birth to 3 months, and was positively correlated with age and 17,20-lyase activity in the rhesus. Recombinant b5 addition stimulated 17,20-lyase activity to an extent inversely proportional to endogenous levels in adrenal microsomes. Although 3betaHSD expression also increased with age, P450c17, 21-hydroxylase cytochrome P450, and the redox partner, reduced @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, did not; nor did recombinant cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase augment 17,20-lyase activity. Cotransfection with b5 induced a dose-dependent increase in @entity2494 synthesis by both nonhuman primate P450c17 enzymes. We conclude that the increase in 17,20-lyase activity characteristic of an adrenarche in @entity2608 is driven primarily by increased b5 expression, without the need for a decrease in 3betaHSD, as suggested from @entity1 studies. The @entity2608 is a relevant and accessible model for @entity1 @entity4091 development and adrenal function.

title: The developmental increase in adrenocortical 17,20-lyase activity (biochemical adrenarche) is driven primarily by increasing cytochrome b5 in neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['ZR', 'zona reticularis']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques', 'rhesus macaque']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus macaques']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite improved secondary prevention efforts, @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) recurrence among @entity1 with prior history of coronary events remains high. The differences in presentation, management, and subsequent clinical outcomes in @entity1 with and without a prior @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and presenting with another episode of @entity1187 remain unexplored. METHODS: A total of 3,624 consecutive @entity1 admitted to the University of Michigan with @entity1187 from January 1999 to June 2006 were studied retrospectively. In-hospital management, outcomes, and postdischarge outcomes such as @entity204 , @entity64 , and reinfarction in @entity1 with and without a prior @entity583 were compared. RESULTS: @entity1 with a prior @entity583 were more likely to be older and have a higher incidence of @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity407 , and @entity1095 . In-hospital outcomes were not significantly different in the 2 groups, except for a higher incidence of @entity1167 (4.3% versus 2.5%, p < 0.01) and @entity1455 (5.7% versus 3.9%, p = 0.01) among @entity1 without a prior @entity583 . However, at 6 mo postdischarge, the incidences of @entity204 (8.0% versus 4.5%, p < 0.0001) and recurrent @entity583 (10.0% versus 5.1%, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in @entity1 with a prior history of @entity583 compared with those without. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with prior @entity583 with recurrent @entity1187 remain at a higher risk of major adverse events on follow-up. This may be partly explained by the @entity1 not being on optimal medications at presentation, as well as disease progression. Increased efforts must be directed at prevention of recurrent @entity1187 , as well as further risk stratification of these @entity1 to improve their overall outcomes.

title: A prior XXXX : how does it affect management and outcomes in recurrent @entity1187 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']