abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of @entity150 is the most common @entity5 in the urinary system. Genetic instability is an essential property of @entity5 and could be evaluated by microsatellite analysis. Alterations in numerous microsatellite loci are already described in urinary bladder @entity1606 . The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of only two microsatellite loci for the detection of bladder @entity1606 , and their correlation with the major clinicopathological parameters. METHODS: We analyzed the tissue samples derived from 70 @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity1606 of the urinary bladder, collected by transurethral resection, and samples of normal bladder mucosa derived from 40 @entity1 with nonmalignant diseases. Microsatellite alleles @entity19330 and D18S51 were amplified in paired samples of tissue and leukocyte DNA from each @entity1 , and were analyzed by electrophoresis. RESULTS: Microsatellite alterations at either @entity19330 or D18S51locus, or in both, were detected in 46 out of the 70 @entity1 (65.71 %) with @entity1606 , but not in the @entity1 of the control group. We found a significant statistical correlation between the frequencies of @entity1 with microsatellite alterations in the examined loci and all three grades of histopathological T-classification. No significant correlation was found regarding the stages or the occurrence of recidivism, @entity3 or @entity5 -related @entity204 within the two-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that two selected microsatellite markers could have a potential value in clinical and pathological evaluation of urinary bladder @entity1606 , especially regarding the prediction of @entity5 differentiation. Additional studies and further validation of the method are needed. Hippokratia 2015; 19 (3): 200-204.

title: Alterations of microsatellite loci @entity19330 and D18S51 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignant neoplasms', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['Transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder cancer']


abstract: Ubiquitination is involved in a variety of biological processes, but the exact role of ubiquitination in abiotic responses is not clearly understood in higher plants. Here, we investigated Rma1H1, a hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) homolog of a @entity1 RING membrane-anchor 1 E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase. Bacterially expressed Rma1H1 displayed E3 Ub ligase activity in vitro. Rma1H1 was rapidly induced by various abiotic stresses, including dehydration, and its overexpression in transgenic @entity958 plants conferred strongly enhanced tolerance to drought stress. Colocalization experiments with marker proteins revealed that Rma1H1 resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Overexpression of Rma1H1 in @entity958 inhibited trafficking of an aquaporin isoform @entity27229 from the ER to the plasma membrane and reduced @entity27229 levels in protoplasts and transgenic plants. This Rma1H1-induced reduction of @entity27229 was inhibited by @entity16626 , an inhibitor of the 26S proteasome. Furthermore, Rma1H1 interacted with @entity27229 in vitro and ubiquitinated it in vivo. Similar to Rma1H1, @entity54424 , an @entity958 homolog of Rma1H1, localized to the ER, and its overexpression reduced the @entity27229 protein level and inhibited trafficking of @entity27229 from the ER to the plasma membrane in protoplasts. In addition, reduced expression of Rma homologs resulted in the increased level of @entity27229 in protoplasts. We propose that Rma1H1 and @entity54424 play a critical role in the downregulation of plasma membrane aquaporin levels by inhibiting aquaporin trafficking to the plasma membrane and subsequent proteasomal degradation as a response to dehydration in transgenic @entity958 plants.

title: Drought stress-induced Rma1H1, a RING membrane-anchor E3 ubiquitin ligase homolog, regulates aquaporin levels via ubiquitination in transgenic XXXX plants.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The majority of @entity1 peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue T cells express the @entity16783 /beta heterodimer, while the @entity6057 gamma/delta is expressed on only a small subset of T lymphocytes. However, the majority of @entity19 intraepithelial lymphocytes and most Thy-1+ @entity19 dendritic epidermal cells express the @entity6057 gamma/delta. Selective homing of avian @entity6057 gamma/delta bearing lymphocytes to the intestinal epithelium also has been shown. These findings have suggested that these cells play a role against transformation and @entity281 . More recently, a role in @entity792 also has been proposed. We examined normal @entity1 conjunctiva and inflamed conjunctiva from @entity1 with @entity13592 ( @entity13592 ), an @entity792 , and @entity9849 ( @entity9849 ). The majority of T cells in the epithelium and substantia propria of normal conjunctiva expressed the @entity6057 alpha/beta. Tropism of @entity6057 gamma/delta-expressing lymphocytes to normal @entity1 conjunctiva was not present. However, in @entity13592 , there was a statistically significant increase in the absolute number of @entity6057 gamma/delta cells/mm2 (epithelium, 33.9 +/- 10.5 [mean +/- standard error of the mean] vs. 159.9 +/- 51.5, P = less than 0.0008; substantia propria, 4.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 240.1 +/- 191.3, P less than 0.002) and @entity6057 gamma/delta cells as a percentage of CD3+ cells (epithelium, 0.18 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.07, P = less than 0.02; substantia propria, 0.10 +/- 0.05 vs 0.33 +/- 0.08, P = less than 0.03). This was not the case for @entity9849 . These findings suggest that @entity6057 gamma/delta lymphocytes play a specific but undefined role in certain conjunctival inflammatory conditions and may be important in @entity792 .

title: The T cell receptor in normal and inflamed XXXX conjunctiva.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['AKC', 'atopic keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity13592 :: ('MESH:D010390', 'Disease') :: ['OCP', 'ocular cicatricial pemphigoid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The inverse association of peanut consumption and risk markers of CHD (lipids) has been reported however health professionals are still concerned whether hyperlipidemic subjects advised to eat peanuts will have increased serum lipid levels. Tissue factor (TF), the major regulator of normal haemostasis and @entity715 , plays a critical role in haemostasis in all tissues. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the effects of peanut consumption on lipid profile, blood @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS), haematologic parameters and TF activities in @entity35 fed a high- @entity165 diet. METHODS: 32 @entity35 Albino @entity35 were divided into 4 groups of 8 @entity35 each: 1-Control 2-Control+peanut 3-Hyperlipidemic and 4-Hyperlipidemic+peanut group. At the end of 12 weeks, blood samples were used to evaluate lipid profile, haemostatic parameters, @entity2197 , TBARS and tissue samples were used for the determination of TF activities. RESULTS: Peanut consumption increased blood @entity2197 both in the control and hyperlipidemic groups; increased HDL- @entity165 and decreased TBARS in the hyperlipidemic group. The addition of peanut to the diet did not change blood lipids, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time or fibrinogen levels significantly both in the control and hyperlipidemic groups. It affected TF activities differently in both groups. It decreased brain and aorta TF activity but increased spleen and kidney TF activity in the control group. It led to significant increases in the TF activity of kidney, spleen and aorta and a significant decrease in the TF activity of brain in the hyperlipidemic group. CONCLUSION: Peanut consumption improved @entity2197 and HDL-C levels and decreased TBARS, without increasing other blood lipids in experimental @entity407 . Nevertheless the mechanism of the effect of peanut consumption on the TF activity of tissues remains to be determined.

title: Peanuts improve blood XXXX , HDL- @entity165 level and change tissue factor activity in @entity35 fed a high- @entity165 diet.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: A miniaturized on-line monitoring system for the detection of @entity5097 and @entity413 is presented. The system is based on a microfabricated multi-enzyme @entity6619 sensor chip with flow channels integrated on the chip. The sensors were fabricated in containment technology. They were characterized in test solutions. The cross-talking behaviour was investigated and was found to be practically negligible. The linear measurement ranges of both @entity413 and @entity880 sensors were large enough for most practical applications. As a result of the miniaturization the analyte consumption could be reduced to a few nmol @entity1009 ). The system was equipped with a microdialysis probe whose recovery was 45% for @entity880 and 37% for @entity413 in test solutions using a flow rate of 3 microl @entity1009 ). Lower flow rates of 0.5 microl @entity1009 ) resulted in recoveries of over 90%. The long-term stability of the system was acceptable. Initial measurements have also been performed in vitro using human blood serum.

title: Miniaturized real-time monitoring system for @entity5097 and XXXX using microfabricated multi-enzyme sensors.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity5097 :: ('CHEBI:16651', 'Chemical') :: ['L-lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3840 enzyme (COX-2) is overexpressed in @entity1 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) but is not expressed in @entity151 . Selective COX-2 inhibitors have been shown to induce apoptosis in @entity1149 cells, an effect which is associated with the regulation of intracellular MAP kinase (MAPK) signal pathways. Our aims were to characterize the effects of COX-2 inhibition by @entity13586 on apoptosis in @entity1 @entity1149 and @entity151 cell lines. METHODS: The @entity1 @entity1149 cell line @entity1 and @entity151 cell line DMS-79 were used. Constitutive COX-2 protein levels were first determined by Western blot test. Levels of apoptosis were evaluated by using @entity2667 staining on FACScan analysis after incubation of NCI-H2126 and DMS-79 with p38 MAPK inhibitor @entity4285 (25 ?microM), NF-kappaB inhibitor SN50 (75 microg/mL), and @entity13586 at 100 and 250 microM. All statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance. RESULTS: Western blot test confirmed the presence of COX-2 enzyme in NCI-H2126 and absence in DMS-79. Interestingly, @entity13586 treatment demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis in both cell lines. Given this finding, the effect of @entity13586 on NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK pathways was also examined. Apoptosis in both cell lines was unaltered by SN50, either alone or in combination with @entity13586 . A similar phenomenon was observed in @entity1 cells treated with @entity4285 , either alone or in combination with @entity13586 . In contrast, p38 MAPK inhibition greatly upregulated DMS-79 apoptosis in a manner that was unaltered by the addition of @entity13586 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity13586 led to a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis in both @entity5 cell lines. This effect occurred independently of COX-2, NF-kappaB, and p38 MAPK pathways in DMS-79 cells. As such, @entity13586 must act on alternative pathways to regulate apoptosis in @entity1 @entity151 cells.

title: Characterization of the effects of XXXX inhibition in the regulation of apoptosis in @entity1 small and @entity1149 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib', 'Rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: @entity356 is a @entity5 with a high incidence and a low survival rate. In order to identify genetic alterations associated with this @entity5 , we screened 23 @entity356 for recurrent chromosomal imbalances by using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The most common gains of chromosomal material were found on chromosome arms 20q (10 cases), 16p (7 cases), and 1q (4 cases) and on chromosome 11 (4 cases). Losses were observed on chromosome arms 4q, 5q, 9p, and 21q (3 cases each). Four @entity5 exhibited high-level amplifications localized on chromosome regions 2p23-p24, 7q31-q32, 8p21-p22, 10q25-q26, 11q13, 17q11-q21, and 20q. Based on the position of these amplifications, candidate (onco)genes were selected and subsequently tested by Southern blot analysis of the respective @entity5 . Of the seven tested candidates, @entity4180 , MET, @entity17731 , and @entity1722 were found to participate in the amplicons of the respective @entity5 samples. Of these four presumably activated oncogenes, two, @entity4180 and @entity17731 , were previously not assumed to play a pathogenic role in @entity5 . Among the other regions of imbalance, gain of 20q seems particularly interesting, because it is found in almost half of the analyzed cases and is highly amplified. Our data allowed us to narrow the relevant region down to the commonly gained bands 20q12-q13.1. This and other imbalanced regions provide a basis for searching new putative oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes involved in the development or progression of @entity356 .

title: Mapping of chromosomal imbalances in XXXX revealed amplified protooncogenes @entity4180 , MET, @entity17731 , and @entity1722 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stomach cancer', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric adenocarcinomas', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: To examine why anatomical correction of a cystocele may cause @entity3142 in a @entity1 with no prior history of this condition. METHODS: The study group consisted of 5 @entity1 , aged 45-63 years, with @entity3142 induced by supporting a cystocele with a pessary. The @entity1 were otherwise continent. Testing was performed in a semirecumbent sitting position under perineal ultrasound control. The @entity1 were asked to strain and cough before and after supporting the @entity1494 with both sponge-holding forceps and a ring pessary. RESULTS: In all 5 @entity1 , urine loss on stress was noted with bladder base support by forceps and pessary insertion. With both, asymmetrical downward stretching of the vagina and bladder base was observed. When the cystocele was allowed to balloon outwards, the asymmetrical pattern converted to a symmetrical 'funnelling' of the anterior and posterior walls of @entity1494 . CONCLUSION: This study appears to support the hypothesis that, in addition to urethral narrowing, a ballooning cystocele may restore urethral closure by removing laxity from the vaginal hammock. Correction of a cystocele may cause @entity322 by removing a fortuitous, but abnormal compensatory mechanism.

title: A cystocele may compensate for latent XXXX by stretching the vaginal hammock.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['stress incontinence']


abstract: The effects of @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) and of long-acting @entity1943 analog, @entity2390 ( @entity87 ) on the @entity35 anterior pituitary microvasculature have been studied by means of computer-assisted image analysis. Additionally, the effects of @entity4743 and @entity87 on @entity3695 secretion and anterior pituitary cell proliferation have been studied, as well. The vascularization was visualized using Selye's method modified by Poely et al. (1964). The @entity3695 serum levels were estimated by radio-immunoassay. The proliferation indices were assessed using @entity1603 incorporation assay. As expected, it was found that @entity4743 sharply increased serum @entity3695 levels and enhanced cell proliferation in the anterior pituitary gland. @entity4743 also induced changes in parameters of vascularization. Simultaneous treatment of @entity35 with @entity87 inhibited the @entity4743 -induced elevation of @entity3695 levels and pituitary cell proliferation. It also suppressed some but not all @entity4743 -induced changes in the anterior pituitary vascularization. These data suggest that the angio-inhibitory activity of @entity87 might be involved in its anti- @entity5 action on @entity977 , but not as a sole or principal mechanism.

title: The effect of @entity1943 analog @entity2390 on @entity4742 -induced @entity3695 secretion, cell proliferation and vascular changes in the XXXX anterior pituitary gland.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The @entity1897 associated with @entity6 are complex and probably involve a variety of causative mechanisms. This may give rise to difficulty in the classification of individual cases. A broad separation into rapidly reversible or more persistent phenomena is helpful. The former, which can be categorized as "hyperglycemic @entity16 ," include minor sensory symptoms, reduced nerve conduction velocity, and resistance to @entity63 . From analogy with experimental studies in animals, nerve @entity519 is likely to play a significant role in their origin. Of the more persistent phenomena, a distal symmetric @entity305 that predominantly affects sensory and autonomic function is the most common manifestation. A distal axonopathy of dying-back type may represent the underlying pathogenetic basis. Other more persistent phenomena consist of focal and @entity75 giving rise to @entity129 , including proximal @entity1897 ( @entity6 ). Some of these may have an @entity63 basis. Multifocal proximal lesions can summate to produce an approximately symmetric @entity16 . Focal lesions at sites of entrapment or external compression may reflect an abnormal susceptibility of @entity2850 . There is also evidence that focal inflammatory, including vasculitic, lesions may be involved in proximal lower limb @entity16 . Finally, superimposed chronic inflammatory demyelinating @entity305 may occur. For the evaluation of possible treatment regimens, it is essential that cases should be correctly classified as to type. Thus, the features falling into the category of hyperglycemic @entity16 should not contaminate the assessment of distal symmetric @entity305 . For this type, a widely accepted scheme for staging devised by P. J. Dyck is available. Other schemes are also available for the assessment of such cases, with differing degrees of complexity. Evaluation by serial nerve biopsies has also been proposed.

title: Classification, differential diagnosis, and staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial, thoraco-abdominal, and limb neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic amyotrophy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemic conduction failure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies', 'neuropathy', 'diffuse distal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nerve to compressive damage']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb motor neuropathy', 'peripheral nerve disorders']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['diabetic peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: A characteristic feature of the obligatory control of amphibian metamorphosis by thyroid hormones is the early acquisition of response of tadpole tissues to these hormones well before the latter are secreted, with 'exponentially' increasing hormonal sensitivity upon the onset of metamorphosis. We have therefore analyzed the expression of the two thyroid hormone receptor genes ( @entity21992 and beta) before, during and after metamorphosis in @entity1238 tadpoles and froglets. Using non-cross-hybridizing cRNA probes for 5' and 3' sequences of @entity1238 @entity21992 and beta transcripts for RNAase protection assays, the two mRNAs can be detected in tadpoles as early as stage 39. Their concentration increases abruptly at stage 44 and continues to increase differentially at the onset of metamorphosis (stage 55) and through metamorphic climax at stages 58-62, after which they decline upon completion of metamorphosis at stage 66. Quantitative densitometric scanning of autoradiograms showed that, although the concentration of @entity21987 transcripts is about 1/30th of that of @entity21992 mRNA at stages 44-48, depending on the region, it accumulates 3-10 times more rapidly than does the alpha isoform during further development. A substantial proportion of the increase in @entity21987 mRNA is localized to the head region of tadpoles. Using the hormone-binding domain (HBD) and 3' end of @entity1238 @entity21992 cRNA as probe for in situ hybridization, the highest concentration of TR transcripts in stage 44 tadpoles is seen in the brain and spinal cord. High concentrations of mRNA are also present in the intestinal epithelium and tail tip, tissues programmed for regression. At later stages (55 onwards), strong hybridization signals are also exhibited by hindlimb buds. This pattern persists through metamorphic climax, after which TR mRNAs decline in all tissues to low levels in froglets at stage 66. In developing froglets, TR transcripts were detected in large amounts in the cytoplasm of stage 1 and 2 oocytes but the rate of their accumulation did not increase with further oocyte growth. This observation raises the possibility that the response to thyroid hormones at early stages of tadpoles (42-44) may be due to TR synthesized on maternally derived mRNA. Exposure of tadpoles at premetamorphic stages (48-52) to exogenous @entity6145 (T3) substantially enhanced the accumulation of TR mRNA, especially that of @entity21987 message, which could explain the accelerated increase in sensitivity of tadpoles to thyroid hormones at the onset of natural metamorphosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Developmental and regional expression of thyroid hormone receptor genes during XXXX metamorphosis.

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: @entity2213 , @entity8947 and @entity10542 are three @entity669 kinase inhibitors currently used to treat Bcr-Abl1 positive @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). However, achieving maximum benefit with these drugs may require optimal dosing and adherence to therapy. In those cases, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can be a useful tool in managing @entity1 with @entity1860 . The paper presents simple and high throughput method for simultaneous determination of all three TKIs in dried blood spot (DBS) samples from @entity1860 @entity1 . DBS samples were prepared by applying 10  L of spiked whole blood onto an Agilent DBS cards. Whole blood spot was punched out of the card, transferred to a well in a 96-well Captiva ND Lipids filter plate. After the addition of isotopically labelled internal standard, the drug was extracted with 0.1% @entity5189 in @entity1042 . The collected extract (1  L) was injected onto a Phenomenex Kinetex 50 mm   2.1 mm @entity6173 column and eluted with @entity1626 gradient into a triple quadrupole ESI-MS/MS Agilent 6460 operated in positive mode. The total run time was only 2.6 min. The method was validated in terms of linearity, selectivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, absolute and relative matrix effect and stability. The effect of haematocrit (Hct) on the accurate concentration determination was also examined. The method was linear in the range of 50-5000  g/L for @entity2213 and @entity10542 and in the range of 2.5-250  g/L for @entity8947 , with correlation coefficient values higher than 0.997. Lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) were 50  g/L for @entity2213 and @entity10542 and 2.5  g/L for @entity8947 . The method proved to be accurate (% bias < 13.2) and precise (CV < 10.3%) on intra- as well as on inter-day basis. Sample matrix (% ME=94.5-106.7) and different Hct values had no significant effect on the accuracy of measured concentrations. Samples proved to be stable whilst stored on DBS cards at room temperature or in the refrigerator; however, at 40   C the stability of @entity8947 was compromised. The method presented was successfully applied to clinical samples.

title: Simultaneous measurement of XXXX , @entity10542 and @entity8947 in dried blood spot by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['nilotinib']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukaemia']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report eight cases of obstructing @entity14 successfully managed by preoperative lavage using transanal ileus tube. METHODS: Decompression tube was transanally inserted into the colon proximal to the @entity5 under the guidance of the guide wire. Intestinal lavage with 1,500-2,000 mL of warm water was done every day until surgery. RESULTS: There were six @entity1 and two @entity1 ; the mean age was 67 years (range, 50-82 years). Three @entity5 were in the sigmoid colon and five were in the rectum. Seven @entity1 were treated with a one-stage operation with adequate lymph node dissection. In one @entity1 , only sigmoidostomy was carried out for unresectable huge @entity5 . In all cases, no dilatation was observed at the proximal colon and no anastomotic failure developed. Four @entity1 suffered from fever of unknown cause after the insertion of the tube. In one @entity1 , the resected specimen showed @entity1066 by tube compression. In the other @entity1 , the tube penetrated the intestinal wall, which was covered by mesentery. CONCLUSION: The transanal ileus tube is effective for the treatment of obstructing @entity14 . However, close observation is necessary because of possible perforation.

title: Merits and faults of transanal ileus tube for obstructing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: A series of 102 @entity1 with total subcutaneous @entity397 tendon treated surgically from 1944 to 1972 is presneted. All @entity1 were treated early after the acute event, and the diagnosis was made on clinical examination. Group I comprises 54 @entity1 treated over the first part of the period by simple tendon suture, and group II comprises 48 @entity1 from the second part of the period treated by tenontoplasty ad modum Silfverskj  ld. The results in the two groups are compared and also contrasted with the results following conservative treatment more recently reported. Operative treatment is recommended rather than conservative bandaging. There were no recurrent @entity397 in group II, but 2 @entity1 in group I had @entity397 recurrence. The functional results were not statistically significantly different in the two groups. There was no operative mortality. @entity532 were infrequent, and, in general, did not affect the period of treatment, nor the duration of incapacity. Recent studies reported in the literature cast doubt on frequent previous reports of pathological changes in the tendon predisposing to @entity397 . Some constitutional @entity425 would appear to be etiological from this study where some familial incidence was noted, and particularly there was an incidence of not simultaneous bilateral @entity397 . The risk of @entity397 if @entity1 returned to sporting activity to the same extent as before the primary injury was 26% (12-45%).

title: Surgical treatment of 102 tendo achillis XXXX -- suture or tenontoplasty?

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the achilles', 'ruptures', 'contralateral rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptures']


abstract: Cellular disintegrins are a family of membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and are potential regulators of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The members of this protein family are also called ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) or @entity54965 proteins (metalloproteinase-like disintegrin-like @entity462 -rich), because they all contain disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase-like domains. In this paper, we report the cloning and sequence analysis of two novel additional members of this family, which we have termed @entity33464 and @entity19142 . The deduced @entity535 sequences reveal that the two proteins possess typical cellular disintegrin structures [that is, pro-, metalloproteinase-like, disintegrin-like, @entity462 -rich, epidermal growth factor-like, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains] and exhibit high sequence similarity with @entity1 @entity54965 / @entity54965 protein [Katagiri, @entity7375 , Emi and Nakamura (1995) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 68, 39-44]. A @entity219 -binding motif, which is critical for proteinase activity, is disrupted in the metalloproteinase-like domain of @entity33464 and @entity19142 , as well as @entity54965 / @entity54965 . In the disintegrin-like domain of snake venom short disintegrins, the RDG-containing loops are critical for integrin binding. These three MDCs do not contain the RDG sequences, but the corresponding loops in these proteins are similar to each other. Northern blot analysis revealed that the mRNAs of @entity33464 , @entity19142 and @entity54965 / @entity54965 are highly expressed in the brain. These findings suggest that these proteins may function as integrin ligands in the brain.

title: Metalloproteinase-like, disintegrin-like, @entity462 -rich proteins @entity33464 and @entity19142 : novel XXXX cellular disintegrins highly expressed in the brain.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The anamnestic response to infection with @entity5125 is characterized by the rapid elimination of normally lethal doses of bacteria and accelerated @entity738 formation. These phenomena are mediated by listeria-specific memory T cells within the first 24 h after reinfection. In order to elucidate the mechanisms operative during this decisive phase of infection, we conducted a comprehensive kinetic and quantitative analysis of cytokine gene expression in the livers of naive and immune @entity19 . Organs were removed at 30 min, and 1, 2, 6, and 24 h after primary and secondary infections, and PCR3-assisted messenger RNA (mRNA) amplification was performed on matched samples using primers specific for @entity635 , @entity777 , @entity9827 , @entity2304 , @entity637 , @entity60 , @entity1618 , @entity58 , @entity2047 , @entity3019 and I1-2Rp55. The cytokine pattern characteristic of secondarily infected animals differed qualitatively by the expression of mRNA for @entity2047 , IL-2Rp55, @entity3019 , and @entity58 , demonstrating the accumulation and activation of specific T cells in the livers as early as 1 to 2 h after reinfection. Combined in vivo depletion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells before reinfection almost completely abrogated the differentiated cytokine profile typical of the anamnestic response. Using competitive PCR for semiquantitative determination of mRNA levels, the amount of @entity635 and @entity777 mRNA was found to be very similar during primary and secondary infection, whereas @entity637 mRNA was found to be increased by approximately 10-fold 2 h and @entity60 mRNA by approximately 50 to 100-fold 6 h after reinfection when compared with a primary challenge. Combined in vivo depletion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells before reinfection resulted in a substantial (approximately 10-fold) decrease in @entity60 mRNA expression. To correlate these findings with cytokine secretion, spleen cells from naive and immune as well as normal and CD4+ and CD8+ cell depleted @entity19 infected 6 h previously were cultured for 48 h, and supernatants were analyzed for the amount of the above mentioned cytokines. Semiquantitative PCR-assisted mRNA amplification is demonstrated to be a superior tool in dissociating the mediators of innate resistance from those operative in protective immunity and @entity738 formation.

title: Kinetic analysis of cytokine gene expression in the livers of naive and immune @entity19 infected with XXXX . The immediate early phase in innate resistance and acquired immunity.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the effectiveness of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) as first-line therapy combined with systemic corticosteroids in acute @entity1596 associated with @entity7375 . The outcomes in this group were compared with those of another group of @entity1 with @entity7375 who were treated with @entity228 monotherapy or with delayed addition of immunomodulatory therapy. METHODS: This prospective study included 19 @entity1 (38 eyes) diagnosed with acute @entity1596 associated with @entity7375 . RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 27.0    11.1 months (range 16-54 months). @entity228 -sparing effect was achieved in all @entity1 . The mean interval between starting treatment and tapering @entity229 to 10 mg or less daily was 5.1    1.2 months (range 3-7 months). Ten (53%) @entity1 discontinued treatment without relapse of @entity32 . The mean time observed of treatment was 17.3    11.9 months (range 3-41.5 months). Visual acuity of 20/20 was achieved by 38% of the eyes in the @entity228 group and by 74% in the @entity228 + @entity2098 group (p < 0.001). Recurrent @entity32 of >= 3 times was reduced significantly (p = 0.0383) in the @entity228 + @entity2098 group (3%) as compared to @entity228 group (18%). Development of all complications was significantly higher in the @entity228 group (43%) compared with the @entity228 + @entity2098 group (8%) (p < 0.001). None of the eyes in the @entity228 + @entity2098 group developed 'sunset glow fundus'. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of @entity2098 as first-line therapy to corticosteroids in @entity1 with acute @entity1596 associated with @entity7375 leads to significant reduction in recurrences of @entity1596 and development of late complications and significantly improves visual outcome.

title: The outcomes of @entity618 therapy combined with systemic corticosteroids in acute XXXX associated with @entity7375 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid', 'Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity7375 :: ('MESH:D014607', 'Disease') :: ['VKH disease', 'Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A prospective study to evaluate the success of a modified vestibulectomy in treating @entity25207 . METHODS: Fifty seven consecutive @entity1 with @entity25207 and suitable for surgery based on the criteria: superficial @entity546 , erythematous vestibular region, positive Q-tip test, symptoms reduced with local anesthetic cream. A modified vestibulectomy with or without a modified Fentons procedure was performed. Response was based on return to normal coitus, 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: Most @entity1 suffered from chronic conditions (median duration of symptoms = 18 months). The median age was 28 years (range 18-53). Any @entity281 were treated prior to surgery. All but 4 (7%) had histological abnormalities, mainly non-specific @entity32 . In 18% of @entity1 who had cervical cytology some abnormality was detected. Mean follow-up time was 12 months (range 2-42). Three @entity1 were not evaluable. Complete response to surgery was achieved in 33 (61.1%) of the @entity1 , partial response was achieved in 15 (27.8%). Six (11.1%) had persistent symptoms, four of whom has @entity458 . CONCLUSION: Presently, surgery remains the most successful intervention for @entity25207 . Modified surgery which is less destructive seems to afford acceptable results. The completion of randomized studies are needed to recognise the optimum surgical procedure.

title: XXXX treated by modified vestibulectomy.

entities_list: @entity25207 :: ('MESH:D054515', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar vestibulitis']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychosexual problems']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity25207 :: (MESH:D054515,Disease) :: ['Vulvar vestibulitis']


abstract: @entity5850 is currently an uncommonly diagnosed @entity1 disease. However, it can still complicate trauma to the respiratory and digestive tracts, including operative procedures. A @entity1 with cervicofacial @entity5850 commonly gives a history of recent dental manipulation which usually, involves extraction of a mandibular molar. The common initial symptoms of infection--such as, sudden onset of @entity158 , @entity4 , erythema, @entity4 and suppuration--can be absent. Infection due to actinomyces is a well-known mimic of malignancy is clinical, radiological and pathological findings. In the case described a 65-year-old @entity1 had a mass in his right parotid area. Because of its painless rapid growth with infiltration of the mandible as demonstrated by clinical findings and CT and MRI scans, we established an initial diagnosis of @entity5 . Salivary gland biopsy then revealed a histological picture of infection due to actinomyces. Therapy was initiated with intravenous @entity115 and @entity5899 . After 20 days of treatment diseased soft tissues and bone were resected. To prevent a relapse the @entity1 received oral @entity3402 for 6 weeks. After a followup of two years, the @entity1 has remained free of disease.

title: [Cervical XXXX . A rare differential diagnosis of @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['Actinomycosis', 'actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['cervicofacial pain']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity5850 :: (MESH:D000196,Disease) :: ['actinomycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report the clinical presentation, radiographic studies, intraoperative findings, histopathological analysis, and post-treatment outcome in 26 @entity1 diagnosed with spinal @entity12897 (SSCs). AIMS: To describe the clinical presentation, radiographic studies, operative findings, and postoperative follow-up in 26 @entity1 with SSCs. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was retrospective in design, involving chart review. Individual @entity1 data was tabulated and patterns were recognized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The charts for 26 @entity1 who underwent surgical extirpation of SSC between April 1993 and October 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. Specifically, initial clinical presentation, pertinent radiographs (X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography), intraoperative findings, histopathology, and postoperative follow-up were noted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: @entity1 data was tabulated and analyzed for patterns in demographics, symptoms and histopathology. RESULTS: SSCs were more common in females than males (17:9 ratio). Presenting symptoms were @entity615 with @entity614 in 13 (50%), @entity158 in the @entity615 in 10 (38%), and @entity615 without @entity158 in three (11%). In addition, 17 @entity1 (65%) had @entity51 , and 9 (35%) had @entity51 . Most SSCs occurred at the lumbar (19/26) or lumbosacral (5/26) regions, with only 2 (2/26) in the thoracic region. One @entity1 had bilateral SSC at the L4-5 level. Intraoperatively, each cyst was located adjacent to a degenerated facet joint. These lesions could grossly be identified intraoperatively and histopathological confirmation was achieved in all the cases. CONCLUSIONS: SSCs are important lesions to consider in the differential diagnosis of lumbar epidural masses and surgical resection leads to significant improvement in the majority of cases.

title: Intraspinal XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['synovial cysts']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['absence of back pain', 'back pain']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensory deficit', 'motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity12897 :: (MESH:D013581,Disease) :: ['synovial cysts']


abstract: Relatively little is known about the effects of @entity2493 on the aging of the pineal, the organ which is the main place for synthesis of this hormone. Using simple morphometric methods, some parameters of the pineal gland, such as total volume, number of pinealocytes and pinealocyte volume were estimated in two @entity19 strains: normal @entity11643 and @entity2493 -deficient C57BL/6J. Two age groups, 6 weeks and 10 months, were studied in order to evaluate possible differential age-related changes between both strains. Pineals of both strains have similar morphometric and morphological features at 6 weeks of age. This suggests that pineal development, which has already concluded at 6 weeks of age, is not affected by the absence of @entity2493 synthesis in the pinealocytes. Later on, CBA pineal showed an increase in size caused by cellular @entity1184 . In contrast, the C57BL/6J pineal volume decreased by loss of pinealocytes in the same period of time. Semithin sections analysed by light microscopy did not show that this cell death was evident in the C57BL/6J strain at any of the ages studied. Thus, a gradual loss of pinealocytes could be hypothesised in these pineals. These results suggest that pineal @entity2493 could have a role in the maintenance of pinealocyte viability and the increase of pineal size which takes place after development. The abnormal pattern observed in the C57BL/6J pineal should be taken into account in future studies on this gland.

title: Age-related morphometric changes in the pineal gland. A comparative study between C57BL/6J and CBA XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Viral protein R (Vpr), an apoptogenic accessory protein encoded by @entity2858 , induces mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) via a specific interaction with the permeability transition pore complex, which comprises the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in the outer membrane (OM) and the @entity1708 translocator ( @entity9659 ) in the inner membrane. Here, we demonstrate that a synthetic Vpr-derived peptide (Vpr52-96) specifically binds to the intermembrane face of the @entity9659 with an affinity in the nanomolar range. Taking advantage of this specific interaction, we determined the role of @entity9659 in the control of MMP. In planar lipid bilayers, Vpr52-96 and purified @entity9659 cooperatively form large conductance channels. This cooperative channel formation relies on a direct protein-protein interaction since it is abolished by the addition of a peptide corresponding to the Vpr binding site of @entity9659 . When added to isolated mitochondria, Vpr52-96 uncouples the respiratory chain and induces a rapid inner MMP to protons and @entity2125 . This inner MMP precedes outer MMP to @entity4674 . Vpr52-96-induced matrix swelling and inner MMP both are prevented by preincubation of purified mitochondria with recombinant @entity588 protein. In contrast to K  nig's polyanion (PA10), a specific inhibitor of the VDAC, @entity588 fails to prevent Vpr52-96 from crossing the mitochondrial OM. Rather, @entity588 reduces the @entity9659 -Vpr interaction, as determined by affinity purification and plasmon resonance studies. Concomitantly, @entity588 suppresses channel formation by the @entity9659 -Vpr complex in synthetic membranes. In conclusion, both Vpr and @entity588 modulate MMP through a direct interaction with @entity9659 .

title: Control of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization by @entity1708 translocator interacting with XXXX viral protein rR and @entity588 .

entities_list: @entity1708 :: ('CHEBI:61293', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotide']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have not found a consistent association between exposure to domestic cooking using gas appliances and exacerbation of @entity565 . We investigated the immediate airflow response to acute exposure from single episodes of gas cooking, and peak airflow variability from continued exposure to repeated episodes of gas cooking in a group of non-smoking asthmatic @entity1 . METHODS: Sixteen adult non-smoking @entity1 with mild to severe persistent @entity565 were studied. The acute short term level of @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) during gas cooking episodes and the mean exposure to @entity6836 from repeated gas cooking episodes were measured over a 2 week period, as well as proxy measures of frequency of cooking on each day and the length of time spent cooking each day. Their @entity565 status was monitored using peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) before and after cooking, 2 week self-recorded serial readings of PEFR, respiratory symptom severity score, and use of rescue bronchodilators for acute @entity565 attacks. RESULTS: Cooking was significantly associated with an immediate mean fall in PEFR of 3.4% (p=0.015, paired t test). The acute short term @entity6836 level during cooking was significantly correlated with the fall in PEFR (r=-0.579; p=0.019). The frequency of cooking over a 2 week period was positively correlated with the mean exposure to @entity6836 (r=0.529; p=0.042). Continued exposure to @entity6836 over a 2 week period was associated significantly with increased frequency of rescue bronchodilator usage for @entity565 attacks (r=0.597; p=0.031). However, it was negatively associated with PEFR variability (r=-0.512; p=0.051) and respiratory symptom severity score (r= -0.567; p=0.043), probably due to the masking effects of bronchodilator treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Acute short term exposure to @entity6836 from single episodes of gas cooking is associated with immediate airflow limitation. Continued exposure from repeated episodes of gas cooking in asthmatic @entity1 is associated with greater use of rescue bronchodilators.

title: XXXX exposure from domestic gas cooking and airway response in asthmatic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

answer: @entity7459 :: (MESH:D009585,Chemical) :: ['Nitrogen dioxide']


abstract: @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ) is the most common type of @entity9 affecting facial region and is considered to be one of the most @entity158 conditions. Treatment is often unsatisfactory. Newer treatment modalities are therefore being tried. @entity4480 is FDA approved drug for @entity3949 and has been used in @entity158 symptoms of @entity308 as well. Safety and efficacy of @entity4480 was evaluated in @entity1 with @entity4254 ; another chronically @entity158 , in an open label manner. A total of 15 @entity1 who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of International @entity10 Society for Trigeminal @entity9 were administered @entity4480 40 mg daily. The efficacy of the drug was evaluated by face scale and Likert's numerical scale. Statistically significant @entity158 relief was reported in 9 out of 15 @entity1 of @entity4254 . The @entity158 relief was reported as early as in one week and was maintained for 16 weeks. The drug was well tolerated and side-effects reported were mild and reversible. No adverse drug reaction requiring hospitalisation or drug discontinuation was reported in the present study. @entity4480 showed statistically significant @entity158 relief in @entity4254 . Double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm findings at a large scale.

title: Efficacy, safety and tolerability of @entity4480 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['Trigeminal neuralgia', 'TN', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['Duloxetine', 'duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful condition', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['Neuralgia', 'neuralgia']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapy with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization followed by percutaneous @entity1068 injection in @entity1 with unresectable large @entity157 by comparing the use of this combined regimen with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization alone. METHODOLOGY: Six hundred and thirty-one consecutive @entity1 with @entity157 lesions observed from Jan 1989 to Dec 1999 (11 years) at the Internal Medicine Department, Saga Prefectural Hospital Koseikan were retrospectively enrolled in the study. The series included 120 @entity1 with large unresectable @entity157 lesions, the largest of which were greater than 3 cm in largest dimension. Fifty-two @entity1 underwent a single transcatheter arterial chemoembolization followed by percutaneous @entity1068 injection, which were compared with 68 @entity1 treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization alone. Both groups of @entity1 with @entity157 did not differ regarding the base-line characteristics. The overall survival rates and recurrence ratio of initially treated lesions were compared in both groups. RESULTS: On overall survival rates by the Kaplan-Meier method, three- and five-year survival in the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and percutaneous @entity1068 injection group (59.0%, 32.1%) proved to be significantly longer than those in the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization group (27.1%, 17.0%). In addition, during the follow-up local recurrence in the combination group (23.1%) was significantly lower than that in the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization group (50.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The combined treatment with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and percutaneous @entity1068 injection proved to be more effective and safer. Furthermore, a lower incidence of local recurrence was observed than transcatheter arterial chemoembolization alone which resulted in an increased survival of the @entity1 associated with unresectable large @entity157 lesions.

title: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy combined with percutaneous XXXX injection for unresectable large @entity157 : an evaluation of the local therapeutic effect and survival rate.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: There are few data on predictive factors for @entity167 relapse or long-term functional outcome after liver transplantation for @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ). In all 56 surviving UK @entity1 (47 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 ; mean age: 51 years; range: 33 to 69 years) who underwent transplantation for @entity5881 at King's College Hospital over a 10-year period, @entity167 relapse and outcome were assessed by outpatient and case-note review and by postal questionnaire containing (1) the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), (2) the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey, and (3) a drug and @entity167 questionnaire. At a median of 2.5 years (range: 0.5 to 10 years), 13 of the 47 respondents (28%) and 2 of the 9 nonrespondents (22%) had evidence of potentially harmful drinking (>3 units daily) at some time posttransplantation. An additional 13 @entity1 admitted to drinking some @entity167 at least once, corresponding to an overall relapse rate of 50%. The @entity1 with harmful drinking (1) had started drinking regularly at a younger age (18 v 25 years; P =.01), (2) began drinking heavily at a younger age (30 v 40 years; P =.01), (3) had shorter pretransplantation abstinence periods (10 v 23 months; P =.02), and (4) had a longer time since transplantation (median, 5.7 v 1.5 years; P =.0004) than those with no or mild @entity167 relapse. They were also more likely to report @entity25 (NHP sleep problem score, 45 v 16; P =.01) and use @entity1245 regularly (7 of 13 v 3 of 34 @entity1 ; P =.002). Despite these differences, health dimension scores in the SF-36 and NHP posttransplantation were similar between the groups and to those of UK community controls. In the long term, at least 50% of the @entity1 will drink again at some time posttransplantation, although at lower levels of @entity167 intake than previously. Those @entity1 with multiple predictive factors for @entity167 relapse may be at greatest risk for harmful drinking and be the group that would benefit most from professional counseling. Overall, the quality of life after liver transplantation for @entity5881 is high and broadly similar to the levels expected in the normal population.

title: Quality of life after liver transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity5881 :: (MESH:D008108,Disease) :: ['alcoholic liver disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1526 is caused by the parasite @entity1527 . The disease involves an acute and chronic phases. The diagnosis has limitations, both in parasitological and immunological techniques. Molecular assays are an alternative, but these must be evaluated to determine its diagnostic usefulness. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of immunological techniques with molecular assays in the diagnosis of @entity1526 in its different phases. METHODS: The immunological techniques used were ELISA, HAI and IFI and the molecular techniques used were PCR for amplification of kinetoplast minicircles, and satellite DNA of @entity1527 . Thirty-nine blood samples from @entity1 in the acute phase of @entity1526 , and 42 samples from @entity1 in the chronic phase were evaluated. In addition, 20 samples from healthy individuals and 10 @entity1 with other diseases were also studied. RESULTS: With immunological techniques were positive, 69.2% of samples from @entity1 in the acute phase, while in the chronic phase were positive 95.2%. Using molecular techniques 79.5% of samples from @entity1 in the acute phase were positive, while 23.8% of the samples from @entity1 in the chronic phase were positive. None of the samples from healthy individuals was positive for any technique, while two samples from @entity1 with other diseases were positive by the immunological assays. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic efficacy of molecular techniques is high in the acute phase of @entity1526 , while in the chronic phase the immunological techniques are more effective.

title: [Comparison between immunological and molecular techniques for the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The management strategy for type A @entity697 ( @entity697 ) with intramural @entity1410 (IMH) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of emergency surgery and medical treatment for @entity1 with acute type A IMH. METHODS: One hundred seventy-one @entity1 with acute type A IMH, whose average age was 69.4 years (range, 39-90 years) were divided into 3 groups: groups I and II consisted of 74 and 33 @entity1 undergoing emergency surgery for complicated and uncomplicated type A IMH, respectively, and group III comprised 66 @entity1 who were treated conservatively. We compared the 3 groups in terms of mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: In group I, postoperative hospital mortality was 5.4% (4 @entity1 ). In group II, all @entity1 survived without any complications after surgery. On the other hand, in group III, 5 @entity1 underwent emergency surgery within 7 days after onset owing to newly developed @entity2293 (25.8%) @entity1 died in the hospital, which was a significantly higher rate than those in groups I and II. Furthermore, although the group III @entity1 survived, 5 @entity1 required mechanical ventilation owing to @entity712 or @entity55 , and 4 @entity1 had a @entity64 during the hospital stay. There was no difference in actuarial survivals at 10 years, which were 64.2% in group I, 64.9% in group II, and 68.7% in group III. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency surgery for @entity1 with type A IMH showed favorable mortality rates because most of the @entity1 were in hemodynamically stable condition preoperatively. On the other hand, several @entity1 died suddenly during medical care. Emergency surgical treatment may provide a better outcome than medical treatment at the time of onset, even for @entity1 with type A IMH.

title: Optimal treatment strategy for type A @entity697 with intramural XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection', 'AAD']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade and 17']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: @entity11439 is one of the well-known uremic toxins that participates in the pathogenesis of @entity1381 . Secondary hyperoxalemia is a common feature in @entity1 with @entity177 , but oxalate removal is not adequately accomplished by renal replacement therapy. In our series of @entity1 , the plasma level of @entity11439 was significantly elevated, while the plasma @entity620 was in the normal range or in the upper margin of the normal range. The peritoneal clearance of @entity11439 was significantly lower in comparison to the peritoneal clearance of @entity1133 . Peritoneal clearance and peritoneal transfer of @entity11439 and other examined parameters increased using dialysis solution containing 2.5% @entity413 in comparison to dialysis solution containing 1.5% @entity413 . The significant hyperoxalemia of our @entity1 persisted despite the relatively high peritoneal transfer of @entity11439 during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The clearance of @entity11439 related to the clearance of @entity1133 was 58.1% during hemodialysis, 74.2% during postdilution hemofiltration, and 69.0% during postdilution hemodiafiltration. The sieving coefficient of @entity11439 during postdilution hemofiltration was 74.0% of @entity1133 sieving coefficient. The most significant decrease of plasma @entity11439 was observed during postdilution hemodiafiltation (63.3%). These results suggest that currently, renal replacement therapy is not effective enough for a permanent reduction of plasma @entity11439 .

title: Renal replacement therapy and secondary hyperoxalemia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity11439 :: ('MESH:D019815', 'Chemical') :: ['oxalic acid', 'Oxalic acid']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic hemostasis for severe @entity360 due to @entity5 , such as @entity674 and @entity706 , is temporarily effective. However, permanent hemostasis is difficult in many cases because of @entity548 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity6552 . Endoscopy revealed @entity1127 and fresh blood in her stomach. One of the @entity1127 , which was associated with oozing @entity548 , was found near the anterior wall of the lower gastric body. We initially applied hemostatic forceps and @entity3503 plasma coagulation over the @entity5 surface, but the @entity548 persisted. After @entity33 , exposed vessels were seen at the base of the mucosal resection site with oozing @entity548 . Coagulation of the @entity548 vessels using hemostatic forceps allowed successful completion of the hemostatic procedure. Our @entity1 also had eight synchronous @entity356 lesions. Histological examination of the resected specimens showed various types of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: This is a case report of @entity356 associated with eight @entity356 lesions, confirmed by histology, in which hemostasis was achieved through endoscopy.

title: Endoscopic hemostasis with @entity33 and multiple synchronous early XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['gastric polyps', 'multiple gastric polyps']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'diffuse bleeding']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic mucosal resection']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancers']


abstract: The salt intake in former Czechoslovakia is twice as high as recommended 5 g/24 hours, which corresponds to 85 mmol//24 hours of @entity1372 in the urine. In the population, the systemic blood pressure level correlates with a urinary excretion of @entity1372 /24 hours. On the other hand, limited salt intake decreases blood pressure in salt-sensitive @entity101 @entity1 . @entity633 also positively correlates with a salt intake in the population. In @entity1 with @entity8 , a diet with low salt content suppresses @entity644 , and, in contrast, @entity644 is elevated with increased salt intake. The positive influence of the decreased salt intake on the progression of @entity177 was confirmed in many experimental studies. However, in @entity1 , this finding was not unequivocally established in control randomized studies. The high salt intake worsens @entity520 in @entity1 with @entity177 . Salt is detrimental to the kidneys either by increased @entity551 or by pressure independent mechanisms of the tissue injury, which are mediated by a higher @entity1372 concentration. The present knowledge concerning the relationship between @entity1372 intake and extracellular fluid volume probably will be modified in light of new discoveries about the osmotically inactive @entity1372 . The public enlightenment and medical application of these new findings related to harmful effects on an inappropriate salt intake in treatment of the @entity8 and in other fields of medicine is strongly desirable.

title: [To salt or not to salt in XXXX ? Not more than quantum satis!].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systemic and intraglomerular blood pressures']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney diseases']


abstract: Inner ear decompression @entity2704 (IEDCS) in scuba divers is increasingly observed, but epidemiological data are limited to small case series and the pathogenesis remains elusive. We report our experience over a 13-year period. We also thought to demonstrate that the development of this injury is mainly attributed to a mechanism of vascular origin. Diving information, clinical data, presence of circulatory @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ), and laboratory investigations of 115 recreational divers were retrospectively analyzed. A follow-up study at 3 months was possible with the last 50 consecutive cases. IEDCS (99 males, 44    11 years) represented 24 % of all the @entity1 treated. The median delay of onset of symptoms after surfacing was 20 min. Violation of decompression procedure was recorded in 3 % while repetitive dives were observed in 33 %. The median time to hyperbaric treatment was 180 min. @entity394 were observed in 76.5 %, cochlear deficit in 6 % and combination of symptoms in 17.5 %. Additional skin and @entity16 were reported in 15 % of cases. In 77 %, a large @entity1002 was detected with a preponderant right-sided lateralization of IEDCS (80 %, P < 0.001). Incomplete recovery was found in 68 % of the followed @entity1 . Time to recompression did not seem to influence the clinical outcome. IEDCS is a common presentation of decompression @entity2704 following an uneventful scuba dive, but the therapeutic response remains poor. The high prevalence of @entity1002 combined with a right-sided predominance of @entity389 suggests a preferential mechanism of paradoxical @entity3728 through a vascular anatomical selectivity.

title: Inner ear decompression XXXX in scuba divers: a review of 115 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3728 :: ('MESH:D004618', 'Disease') :: ['arterial gas emboli']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['Pure vestibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['right-to-left shunt', 'RLS']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['sickness']


abstract: @entity6694 , a @entity179 of @entity1 , has a classical presentation and typical EEG findings. The electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 7 @entity1 whose records have been followed from the onset of symptoms to the age of 5 or more are presented. These findings are tabulated with the Clinical Staging System of Hagberg and Witt-Engerstr  m (1986). The records show a progressive deterioration in background rhythms in waking and sleep. The abnormalities of the background activity may only become evident at 4-5 years of age or during stage 2--the Rapid Destructive Stage. The marked contrast between waking and sleep background may not occur until stage 3--the Pseudostationary Stage. In essence EEG changes appear to lag behind clinical symptomatology by 1-3 years. An unexpected, but frequent, abnormality was central spikes seen in 5 of 7 @entity1 . They appeared to be age related and could be evoked by tactile stimulation in 2 @entity1 . We hypothesize that the prominent 'hand washing' mannerism may be self-stimulating and related to the appearance of central spike discharges.

title: XXXX : EEG presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative neurological disorder']

answer: @entity6694 :: (MESH:D015518,Disease) :: ['Rett syndrome']


abstract: An approach to broaden the product range of the ethanologenic, gram-negative bacterium @entity15548 by means of genetic engineering is presented. Gene alaD for @entity5098 dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1.) from @entity11304 was cloned and introduced into @entity15548 . Under the control of the strong promoter of the @entity2388 decarboxylase (pdc) gene, the enzyme was expressed up to a specific activity of nearly 1 mu mol . min -1 . mg of protein -1 in recombinant cells. As a results of this high @entity5098 dehydrogenase activity, growing cells excreted up to 10 mmol of @entity493 per 280 mmol of @entity413 utilized into a mineral salts medium. By the addition of 85 mM @entity17114 to the medium, growth of the recombinant cells stopped, and up to 41 mmol @entity493 was secreted. As @entity493 dehydrogenase competed with @entity2388 decarboxylase (PDC) (EC 4.1.1.1.) for the same substrate ( @entity2388 ), PDC activity was reduced by starvation for the essential PDC cofactor @entity9138 @entity7371 . A @entity9138 auxotrophy mutant of @entity15548 which carried the alaD gene was starved for 40 h in @entity413 -supplemented mineral salts medium and then shifted to mineral salts medium with 85 mM @entity17114 + and 280 mmol of @entity413 . The recombinants excreted up to 84 mmol of @entity493 (7.5 g/liter) over 25 h. @entity493 excretion proceeded at an initial velocity of 238 nmol . min-1 . mg [dry weight]-1. Despite this high activity, the excretion rate seemed to be a limiting factor, as the intracellular concentration of @entity493 was as high as 260 mM at the beginning of the excretion phase and decreased to 80 to 90 mM over 24 h.

title: Expression of an XXXX dehydrogenase gene in @entity15548 and excretion of @entity5098 .

entities_list: @entity5098 :: ('CHEBI:16977', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alanine']

entities_list: @entity15548 :: ('542', 'Species') :: ['Zymomonas mobilis', 'Z. mobilis']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamine']

entities_list: @entity11304 :: ('1421', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus sphaericus']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine', 'Alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity5098 :: (CHEBI:16977,Chemical) :: ['L-alanine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Polynesians in New Caledonia have an increased risk for developing @entity6 , compared to Melanesians or Europeans. They are also more prone to @entity28 . The aim of this study was to analyse differences in the pre- @entity6 state that may explain the varying susceptibility to @entity6 between these three ethnic groups, focusing on the balance between @entity2690 resistance and capacity of pancreatic cells to secrete @entity2690 . DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: The CALDIA Study is a population-based cross-sectional survey of @entity6 prevalence conducted in New Caledonia. All @entity1 who did not have @entity6 , according to the results of a 0-2 h oral @entity413 tolerance test (n=392), were selected for analysis. RESULTS: Compared to Europeans, Polynesians and Melanesians had significantly higher body mass indices (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs). Polynesians had higher fasting plasma @entity413 values than Europeans or Melanesians (6.03 mmol/l, vs 5.78 and 5.46, respectively; P<0.0001). Fasting plasma @entity2690 level and the estimate of @entity2690 resistance by homeostasis model assessment were not significantly different between the three ethnic groups. Homeostasis model assessment estimate of beta-cell secretory capacity was lower in Polynesians compared to the two other ethnic groups (83.1 mU/mmol, vs 119.3 and 125.2, respectively; P<0.02). CONCLUSION: Despite a high prevalence of @entity1144 , as judged by high BMI and WHR, in Polynesians of New Caledonia, their high risk of @entity6 may be more strongly related to a defect in @entity2690 secretion capacity than to @entity2690 resistance.

title: Relationships between glycaemic abnormalities, @entity28 and XXXX resistance in nondiabetic Polynesians of New Caledonia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: 1. Cardiac sarcomere stiffness was investigated during diastole in eighteen trabeculae dissected from the right ventricle of @entity35 heart. The trabeculae were stimulated at 0.5 Hz, in a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution (pH, 7.4; 25 degrees C). @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ) was measured using high resolution (+/-2 nm) laser diffraction techniques. Force (F) was measured with a @entity6619 strain gauge. 2. @entity3656 increased exponentially (amplitude, 25 +/- 9 nm; n = 15) throughout diastole. This increase occurred even at slack @entity3656 , showing that this phenomenon was due to an internal expansion. The majority of the muscles showed discrete spontaneous fluctuations of @entity3656 (amplitude < 20 nm) starting approximately 1 s after the end of the twitch. 3. The intracellular free @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) was measured from the fluorescence of microinjected @entity593 salt in seven trabeculae under the same experimental conditions. [ @entity141 ]i continuously declined (from 240 to 90 nM) during diastole following a monoexponential time course (time constant, 210-325 ms). 4. The stiffness of the sarcomere was evaluated at 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% of diastole using bursts (30 ms) of 500 Hz sinusoidal perturbations of @entity121 (amplitude of @entity3656 < 30 nm). At 1 nM external @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]o), the average stiffness modulus (Mod) increased from 9.3 +/- 0.6 to 12 +/- 0.6 nN mm-2 micron-1 (n = 18; P < 0.05), while the average phase shift (phi) between F and @entity3656 signals decreased from 84 +/- 3 to 73 +/- 4 deg (n = 18; P < 0.05) between 10 and 90% during diastole. The increase in Mod and the decrease in phi reversed when spontaneous activity occurred. When [ @entity141 ]o was raised to 2 mM, the stiffness time course reversed approximately 450 ms earlier, simultaneously with the occurrence of spontaneous activity. 5. Our results show that diastole is only an apparent steady state and suggest that the structural system responsible for the viscoelastic properties of the sarcomere is regulated by [ @entity141 ]i in the submicromolar range. Different possible origins of the dynamic changes in viscoelasticity during diastole are discussed.

title: Dynamics of viscoelastic properties of XXXX cardiac sarcomeres during the diastolic interval: involvement of @entity141 .

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['SL oscillations', 'SL', 'Sarcomere length']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle length']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared with viral vectors, nonviral vectors are less immunogenic, more stable, safer and easier to replication for application in @entity5 gene therapy. However, nonviral gene delivery system has not been extensively used because of the low transfection efficiency and the short transgene expression, especially in vivo. It is desirable to develop a nonviral gene delivery system that can support stable genomic integration and persistent gene expression in vivo. Here, we used a composite nonviral gene delivery system consisting of the piggyBac (PB) transposon and @entity12279 ( @entity8681 ) for long-term transgene expression in @entity19 @entity43 . METHODS: A recombinant plasmid PB [Act-RFP, HSV-tk] encoding both the herpes simplex @entity1014 kinase (HSV-tk) and the monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP1) under PB transposon elements was constructed. This plasmid and the PBase plasmid were injected into @entity43 xenografts in @entity19 by in vivo @entity8681 system. The antitumor effects of HSV-tk/ @entity4540 (GCV) system were observed after intraperitoneal injection of GCV. Histological analysis and TUNEL assay were performed on the cryostat sections of the @entity5 tissue. RESULTS: Plasmid construction was confirmed by PCR analysis combined with restrictive enzyme digestion. mRFP1 expression could be visualized three weeks after the last transfection of pPB/TK under fluorescence microscopy. After GCV admission, the @entity5 volume of PB/TK group was significantly reduced and the @entity5 inhibitory rate was 81.96% contrasted against the 43.07% in the TK group. Histological analysis showed that there were extensive @entity39 and lymphocytes infiltration in the @entity5 tissue of the PB/TK group but limited in the tissue of control group. TUNEL assays suggested that the transfected cells were undergoing apoptosis after GCV admission in vivo. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the nonviral gene delivery system coupling PB transposon with @entity8681 can be used as an efficient tool for gene therapy in @entity43 .

title: Tumor-directed gene therapy in @entity19 using a composite nonviral gene delivery system consisting of the piggyBac transposon and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer tumor', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity12279 :: ('MESH:D011094', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylenimine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity12279 :: (MESH:D011094,Chemical) :: ['polyethylenimine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The monoclonal antibody pertuzumab represents the first @entity1722 dimerization inhibitor with unknown activity in @entity694 treatment. We examined the antitumor activity of pertuzumab as a single agent or in combination with @entity3866 or @entity2600 in @entity1 @entity694 cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: @entity694 cell lines were tested for @entity470 / @entity1722 expression by western blot analysis. The effect of pertuzumab on cell cycle distribution was analyzed by FACS. @entity19 bearing xenograft @entity5 were treated with pertuzumab alone, or in combination either with @entity2600 or with @entity3866 . @entity5 volume was measured repeatedly. @entity5 histology was analyzed for @entity39 . RESULTS: Six of nine cell lines showed high expression of @entity470 / @entity1722 . Pertuzumab inhibited cell cycle progression in various cell lines. Pertuzumab showed minor antitumor activity in xenograft @entity5 , but significantly inhibited @entity5 growth when combined with @entity3866 (P < 0.001). Combination of pertuzumab with @entity2600 had no additional effect on growth of additional @entity5 . Pertuzumab treated DLD-1 xenograft @entity5 did not show enhanced @entity39 , which, however, was found in HCT116 derived xenografts. CONCLUSIONS: Pertuzumab has some antitumor activity on @entity1 @entity694 cells in vitro and in vivo, in particular when combined with @entity3866 . In vivo, pertuzumab combination treatment was not superior to @entity2600 monotherapy. These data warrant further investigation of simultaneous @entity470 / @entity470 TKI inhibition and @entity470 / @entity1722 dimerization inhibition for @entity14 therapy.

title: Antitumor activity of the XXXX dimerization inhibitor pertuzumab on @entity1 @entity694 cells in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: To examine the @entity3452 ( @entity3452 ) level in the Taiwanese population and its association with cardiovascular risk factors, 1703 @entity1 and 1899 @entity1 aged 35 years and above were enrolled in a community-based study cohort established between 1990 and 1991. The distributions of @entity3452 levels were skewed to the right, and females were more likely than males to have @entity3452 levels greater than 30 mg/dl (14.3% versus 11.6%, P < 0.05). The @entity3452 level increased with age. Socioeconomic status did not seem to have consistent influence on the level of @entity3452 . Smoking and @entity167 use also had no effect on @entity3452 levels. Multivariate analysis indicated that older age and high level of low-density-lipoprotein @entity165 corresponded to an elevated @entity3452 level, while @entity2298 , low high-density-lipoprotein @entity165 level, @entity28 and high insulin resistance corresponded to a lower @entity3452 level. In univariate analysis, @entity3190 was negatively associated with @entity3452 level (-0.107, P < 0.01) only in males. In females, use of oral contraceptive lowered @entity3452 levels, but menopause did not change @entity3452 levels. We also found that different correlation patterns existed for selected coagulation profiles between sexes. There was a significant correlation between @entity3452 and @entity2002 levels in males (0.154, P < 0.001) but not in females (0.007, P > 0.05). These data provided clues for investigating @entity731 risk factors and coagulation parameters for the Taiwanese population.

title: Lipoprotein (a) level in the population in Taiwan: relationship to sociodemographic and XXXX risk factors.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: We studied the efficacy of high doses (100,000 IU intravenously (IV)/twice a week) of @entity1 recombinant @entity1307 (rHuEpo) in @entity1 with transfusion dependent @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). Rationale for such dose of IV @entity1307 was the poor in vitro response of @entity2590 erythroid progenitors (CFU-E) to physiological concentrations of @entity1307 , and the usual high endogenous serum @entity1307 levels of @entity2590 @entity1 . Seventeen @entity1 (nine males, eight females) were included, five @entity417 ( @entity417 ), six @entity417 with blasts excess ( @entity7139 ), five @entity417 with ringed sideroblasts (RARS). Tolerance was good, except in three @entity1 who experienced severe @entity683 after @entity1307 injection. None of the @entity1 showed @entity101 or developed anti rHuEpo antibodies. Three @entity1 (17.6%) with @entity7139 had 35-60% reduction of transfusion requirements. No progression of disease occurred. Percentage of erythroblasts, endogenous baseline @entity1307 level and in vitro cultures of erythroid progenitors did not correlate with response to @entity1307 treatment. This study shows that very high IV doses induce only seldom and partial improvement in the status of transfusion dependent @entity2590 . This rate of response, not higher than described with lower dosage, probably represents the maximum expectable response to rHuEpo in this category of @entity1 .

title: High doses of intravenous recombinant @entity1307 for the treatment of XXXX in @entity2590 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anaemia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'Epo']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['flu-like syndrome']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate @entity354 induced by proximal gastrectomy and to report preventive measures, such as @entity348 followed by Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 underwent proximal gastrectomy (PG), and six @entity1 underwent @entity348 ( @entity348 ). Two of the 13 @entity1 who received PG later underwent completion @entity348 . All @entity1 were followed with endoscopy, radionuclide scintigraphy, and 24-h pH monitoring. RESULTS: Endoscopic examination revealed evidence of @entity2910 in all PG group @entity1 ; however, none of the @entity348 group had @entity2910 . Prolonged esophageal transit was observed in 11 @entity1 (10 in the PG group, one in the @entity348 group). Increased residual fraction was found in 10 @entity1 (nine in the PG group, one in the @entity348 group). An increase in the retrograde index was found in 14 cases (11 in the PG group, three in the @entity348 group). Positive enterogastroesophageal reflux was identified in 11 @entity1 (eight in the PG group, three in the @entity348 group). Twenty-four hour pH monitoring resulted in 10 positives (10 in the PG group, none in the @entity348 group). CONCLUSIONS: Frequently, proximal gastrectomy will lead to significant @entity354 and, subsequently, to varying degrees of @entity2910 . The clinical symptoms are usually characteristic. However, the severity of @entity2910 and the mechanism of reflux can be determined only by integrated interpretation of a reflux study. The study should include endoscopy, radionuclide scintigraphy, and 24-h pH monitoring. Although a @entity348 with Roux-en-Y diversion can reduce the incidence of acid reflux, neutral enteroesophageal reflux may be observed during a radioactive isotope study. Fortunately, neutral refluxes rarely cause @entity2910 . A proximal gastrectomy should be avoided in @entity418 , except in early @entity5 . Symptomatic palliation can be relieved by medication. However, completion @entity348 is the only effective method for eradicating unrelenting symptoms.

title: Esophageal reflux after total or proximal gastrectomy in XXXX with @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total gastrectomy', 'TG']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of academic examination stress on serum immunoglobulins (Igs), i.e. IgA, IgG, IgM, complement factors, i.e. @entity10287 , and acute phase proteins, i.e. @entity6927 -acid glycoprotein ( @entity6927 -S), @entity2104 (Hp) and @entity5843 ( @entity5843 ). Thirty-seven university students participated in this study. Serum was sampled a few weeks before and after as well as one day before a difficult academic examination. On the same occasions, students completed the @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ). Students were divided into two groups, i.e. those with high- and low-stress perception as defined by changes in the @entity1642 score. Academic examination stress induced significant increases in serum IgA, IgG, IgM, and @entity5843 in students with high-stress perception, but not in these with low-stress perception. The stress-induced changes in serum IgA, C3c, and @entity6927 -S concentrations were significantly higher in students with high-stress perception than in those with a low-stress perception. The stress-induced changes in serum IgA, IgM, C3c, C4, @entity6927 -S, Hp and @entity5843 were normalized a few weeks after the stress condition, whereas IgG showed a trend toward normalization. There were significant positive relationships between the stress-induced changes in the @entity1642 and serum IgA, IgG, IgM and @entity5843 . These findings suggest that @entity1642 is accompanied by an altered secretion of serum Igs, complement factors and some acute phase proteins.

title: Effects of XXXX on serum immunoglobulin, complement and acute phase protein concentrations in normal volunteers.

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2-macroglobulin', 'alpha 2-M']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress', 'PSS', 'Perceived Stress Scale']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['psychological stress']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1206 ( @entity1206 ), a new @entity18480 , is an effective drug in @entity0 . Our study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and tolerance of @entity1206 in refractory advanced @entity0 ( @entity0 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred heavily pretreated @entity1 with @entity0 entered the study and were scheduled to receive 30 mg/m2 of @entity1206 weekly by a 20 min i.v. infusion with dose adjustments according to tolerance. All @entity1 had previously received at least one chemotherapy regimen including an @entity4349 for @entity1442 . RESULTS: Sixteen of the 100 assessable @entity1 responded (1 complete response and 15 partial responses), for an overall response rate of 16% (IC 95: 8%-23%). The median duration of response was 5 months (3-18). Responses were seen in lymph nodes (13/27), breast (11/34), soft tissue and skin (13/36), lung (3/14) and liver (2/25), but not in bone metastases. The main @entity137 (WHO grade > or = 3) were @entity3028 and @entity417 in, respectively, 51% and 9% of all 100 eligible @entity1 . @entity882 and other non-haematological @entity137 consisting of @entity1897 , @entity1142 , @entity390 / @entity391 , @entity1665 and @entity3527 were rare and mild. CONCLUSION: @entity1206 is an active drug in @entity0 , particularly in breast, lymph nodes and skin/soft tissue sites, with an excellent tolerance. Since the mean dose intensity was 19.7 mg/m2/week, a dose of 20 mg/m2/week is recommended for heavily pretreated @entity1 (radiotherapy and chemotherapy).

title: @entity1206 ( @entity1206 ) as a salvage treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['and/or metastatic breast cancer', 'AMBC', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinorelbine', 'Navelbine']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity18480 :: ('CHEBI:27288', 'Chemical') :: ['vinca alkaloid']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: @entity4531 and @entity827 movements during sleep are associated with @entity25 . Similar to @entity25 , @entity4531 and @entity827 movements during sleep may cause severe hyposomnia and @entity2147 . Exact diagnosis may partly fail in severe @entity27 if only cardiorespiratory polygraphy is performed. Simultaneous videorecordings and EMG of mm. tibialis ant. ensure diagnosis. Therapeutic regime may be difficult due to failure or side effects, however. We report on our experience in an one-year follow-up of 12 @entity1 with @entity25 and @entity4531 and/or @entity827 movements during sleep. Despite adequate interdisciplinary initiation of therapy and monitoring, these @entity1 are often subject to therapy changes, failures or side effects. There was no correlation between jerks and the complaints of the @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX and @entity827 leg movements during sleep in @entity1 with sleep apnea--a therapeutic problem?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['periodic']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['Restless-legs syndrome', 'restless-legs syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnoea syndrome']

answer: @entity4531 :: (MESH:D012148,Disease) :: ['Restless legs syndrome']