abstract: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) in rural inhabitants of Durango, Mexico, and some of the risk factors for the disease. A random samples of 30,996 individuals aged 30 years and over was selected from 627 rural communities in Durango. These @entity1 were interviewed between November 1993 and December 1994 to obtain information on several sociodemographic variables. A capillary blood sample was collected from each individual to determine his or her @entity413 level after 10-12 hours of @entity4053 . Measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated, and percentage distributions for the study variables were determined. Comparisons among proportions were made utilizing the chi-square test, and means were compared using Student's t test. The strength of associations was estimated with odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) were calculated for proportions. The final sample consisted of 31,028 @entity1 , of whom 22,890 (73.8%) were @entity1 and 8,138 (26.2%) were @entity1 . A total of 1,004 cases of @entity2175 were detected (3.2%; CI 95%:3.0 to 3.4), 767 in @entity1 and 237 in @entity1 . Only 9.2% of the study population was @entity28 . The highest frequency of @entity2175 was documented in @entity1 60 to 69 years of age. Family history of @entity2175 was identified in 59.5% of the @entity1 with the disease (CI 95%: 58.9 to 60.0) and in 26.3% of the healthy @entity1 (CI 95%: 25.8 to 26.8). The low prevalence of @entity2175 found in this study may be related to the low level of @entity28 in the population surveyed.

title: [The prevalence of XXXX in the rural population of Durango, Mexico].

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity788 is a leading cause of @entity5 due to its invasive nature. Despite the improvement of diagnostic strategy, early diagnosis of @entity788 is still challenging. Surgical resection is the only curative therapy, while vast majority of @entity1 are not eligible for this therapeutic option. Complex biological processes are involved in the establishment of invasion and @entity3 of @entity788 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been reported to play crucial role. EMT is part of the normal developmental processes which mobilizes epithelial cells and yields mesenchymal phenotype. Deregulation of EMT inducing molecules in @entity788 is reported, such as multiple cytokines, growth factors and downstream transcriptional factors. In addition to these molecules, non-coding RNA including miRNA also contributes to EMT. EMT of @entity5 cell also correlates with @entity5 stem cell (CSC) properties such as chemoresistance or tumorigenicity, therefore these upstream regulators of EMT could be attractive therapeutic targets and several candidates are examined for clinical application. This review summarizes recent advances in this field, focusing the regulatory molecules of EMT and their downstream targets. Further understanding and research advances will clarify the cryptic mechanism of @entity5 @entity3 and delineate novel therapeutic targets.

title: Regulators of epithelial mesenchymal transition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11648 ( @entity11648 ) is an important hormone in the regulation of @entity1391 metabolism. It is unclear whether @entity11648 is associated with carotid @entity729 ( @entity53876 ) in predialysis @entity1 . The present study aimed to clarify the relationship between @entity11648 and @entity53876 in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) who were not on dialysis. METHODS: One-hundred ninety-five predialysis @entity740 @entity1 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. @entity53876 was assessed using multidetector computed tomography, and the prevalence of @entity53876 was examined. Intact @entity11648 was measured in each @entity1 . The risk factors for @entity53876 were evaluated using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: We found @entity53876 in 66% of the @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity53876 significantly increased across @entity740 stages: it was 37% in @entity740 stages 1-2, 58% in stage 3; 75% in stage 4, and 77% in stage 5 (p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, smoking, @entity6 and log @entity11648 were each identified as risk factors for @entity53876 . The study population was divided in quartiles of @entity11648 levels. Compared with the lowest @entity11648 quartile, each subsequent quartile had a progressively higher odds ratio (OR) for @entity53876 , adjusted for confounders (ORs [95% confidence interval] of 2.34 [0.78 to 7.31], 5.28 [1.56 to 19.5], and 13.6 [2.92 to 74.6] for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity53876 is increased with the decline in the kidney function. @entity11648 is independently related to @entity53876 in @entity1 with @entity740 who are not on dialysis.

title: @entity11648 is associated with carotid XXXX in @entity740 @entity1 not undergoing dialysis: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity11648 :: ('8074', 'Gene') :: ['Fibroblast growth factor 23', 'FGF23']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['artery calcification']

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['artery calcification']


abstract: @entity354 ( @entity354 ) is a common clinical problem. New information suggests that infection with @entity1534 may protect @entity1 from developing @entity354 and its complications. Endoscopy may be used by clinicians to tailor @entity354 therapy, but an empirical trial of a proton-pump inhibitor may be an alternative diagnostic approach. Studies continue to show that laparoscopic antireflux surgery is a cost-effective treatment option for @entity1 requiring maintenance therapy with proton-pump inhibitors. However, the minimally invasive nature of the operation should not alter the indications for antireflux surgery, especially for @entity1 with atypical symptoms. It remains unclear why some @entity1 with @entity354 develop @entity355 , whereas others do not. Recent guidelines suggest that @entity1 with long-standing @entity354 symptoms, especially white @entity1 over 50 years of age, should undergo endoscopy at least once to screen for @entity355 . Debate concerning short-segment @entity355 continues. Intestinal metaplasia at a normal-appearing gastroesophageal junction may be associated with intestinal metaplasia of the stomach and infection with @entity1534 , whereas short tongues of intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus are associated with @entity354 . @entity5 surveillance is indicated in short-segment @entity355 , as @entity1141 may develop in these @entity1 . @entity355 is the only known risk factor for the development of @entity420 , but the incidence of @entity420 may be lower than previously reported. New clinical guidelines for endoscopic surveillance suggest that the surveillance interval should be lengthened to every two years in @entity1 without @entity1141 . Newer treatment options, such as thermal ablation and photodynamic therapy, continue to show promise, but are not yet ready for routine clinical use.

title: @entity354 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: Previous studies had localised the gene (mmr) for resistance to @entity53463 (Mm) to a 2.5-kb PstI fragment in the middle of a cluster of Mm biosynthetic genes from the @entity25068 plasmid @entity39694 . In this paper, the gene has been more precisely located by sub-cloning, and the @entity377 sequence of the whole fragment has been determined. The predicted mmr-specified protein (Mr 49238) would be hydrophobic, with some homology at the @entity535 level to @entity803 -resistance proteins from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Comparisons of hydropathy plots of the @entity535 sequences reinforces the idea that the proteins are similar. It is suggested that Mm resistance may be conferred by a membrane protein, perhaps controlling efflux of the antibiotic. No significant homology was detected by hybridisation analysis between mmr and a cloned @entity5385 (OTc)-resistance gene (tetB) of the OTc producer @entity25068 rimosus, and no cross-resistance was conferred by these genes. Sequences on both sides of mmr appear to encode proteins. The direction of translation in each case would be opposite to that of mmr translation. This suggests that mmr is transcribed as a monocistronic mRNA from a bidirectional promoter. An extensive inverted repeat sequence between the stop codons of mmr and the converging gene may function as a bidirectional transcription terminator.

title: Nucleotide sequence analysis reveals similarities between proteins determining @entity53463 resistance in XXXX and @entity803 resistance in eubacteria.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity25068 :: ('1902', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces coelicolor', 'Streptomyces']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity53463 :: ('MESH:C014097', 'Chemical') :: ['methylenomycin A']

answer: @entity25068 :: (1902,Species) :: ['Streptomyces']


abstract: This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical and cost-effectiveness of infliximab for the treatment of moderate to severe @entity1569 , in accordance with the licensed indication, based on the evidence submission from Schering-Plough to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal (STA) process. The outcomes stated in the manufacturer's definition of the decision problem were severity [Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score], remission rates, relapse rates and health-related quality of life. The main evidence in the submission comes from four randomised controlled trials (RCT) comparing infliximab with placebo and eight RCTs comparing either etanercept or efalizumab with placebo. At week 10, @entity1 on infliximab had a significantly higher likelihood of attaining a reduction in PASI score than placebo @entity1 . There were also statistically significant differences between infliximab and placebo in the secondary outcomes. In the comparator trials both the efalizumab and etanercept arms included a significantly higher proportion of @entity1 who achieved a reduction in PASI score at week 12 than the placebo arms. No head-to-head studies were identified directly comparing infliximab with etanercept or efalizumab. The manufacturer carried out an indirect comparison, but the ERG had reservations about the comparison because of the lack of information presented and areas of uncertainty in relation to the included data. The economic model presented by the manufacturer was appropriate for the disease area and given the available data. The cost-effectiveness analysis estimates the mean length of time that an individual would respond to infliximab compared with continuous etanercept and the utility gains associated with this response. The base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for infliximab compared with continuous etanercept for @entity1 with severe @entity1569 was 26,095 pounds per quality-adjusted life-year. A one-way sensitivity analysis, a scenario analysis and a probabilistic sensitivity analysis were undertaken by the ERG. The ICER is highly sensitive to assumptions about the costs and frequency of inpatient stays for non-responders of infliximab. The guidance issued by NICE in August 2007 as a result of the STA states that infliximab within its licensed indication is recommended for the treatment of adults with very severe @entity1569 , or with @entity1569 that has failed to respond to standard systematic therapies. Infliximab treatment should be continued beyond 10 weeks in @entity1 whose @entity1569 has shown an adequate response to treatment within 10 weeks. In addition, when using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), care should be taken to take into account the @entity1 's disabilities, to ensure DLQI continues to be an accurate measure.

title: Infliximab for the treatment of adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Numerous cellular processes rely on the movement of macromolecules into and out of the nucleus. The primary regulator of this movement is the small GTPase Ran. Like other small GTPases, the @entity377 -bound state of Ran is regulated by effectors that enhance the rate of @entity377 exchange or hydrolysis. Current models for vectorial nuclear transport suggest that it is the strict compartmentalization of these Ran effector molecules that generates a gradient of RanGTP between the nucleus and the cytoplasm to impart directionality to the transport process. Here we investigate the mechanism by which the Ran exchange factor is targeted to the nucleus, and test the impact of disrupting this nuclear compartmentalization on nucleocytoplasmic transport in vivo. Our results indicate that in Saccharomycces cerevisiae the @entity377 exchange factor @entity51855 can be targeted to the nucleus via a classical nuclear localization sequence. This transport mechanism is dependent both on Ran and the receptor that recognizes the nuclear localization sequence, importin alpha. Mutations in the evolutionarily conserved nuclear localization sequence only partially inhibit nuclear import of @entity51855 , suggesting the existence of a secondary mechanism for this critical nuclear targeting. In an in vivo test of the RanGTP gradient model, we demonstrate that overexpression of a functional cytoplasmic exchange factor inhibits cell growth and blocks both protein import and RNA export in wild-type cells that contain the endogenous nuclear @entity51855 protein. Taken together, our results provide in vivo evidence for the idea that the compartmentalization of the exchange factor serves as a mechanism for establishing directional nuclear transport.

title: Functional analysis of the yeast Ran exchange factor XXXX : in vivo evidence for the RanGTP gradient model.

answer: @entity51855 :: (852782(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Prp20p']


abstract: Th17 cells are a recently defined subset of proinflammatory T cells that contribute to pathogen clearance and tissue @entity32 by means of the production of their signature cytokine @entity4155 (henceforth termed @entity4155 ). Although the in vitro requirements for @entity1 Th17 development are reasonably well established, it is less clear what their in vivo requirements are. Here, we show that the production of @entity4155 by @entity1 Th17 cells critically depends on both the activation status and the anatomical location of accessory cells. In vivo activated @entity5750 + monocytes were derived from the inflamed joints of @entity1 with active @entity309 ( @entity309 ). These cells were found to spontaneously and specifically promote Th17, but not @entity1198 or Th2 responses, compared with resting @entity5750 + monocytes from the blood. Surprisingly, unlike Th17 stimulation by monocytes that were in vitro activated with lipopolysaccharide, intracellular @entity4155 expression was induced by in vivo activated monocytes in a @entity310 - and @entity1356 -independent fashion. No role for @entity650 or @entity4452 production by either in vitro or in vivo activated monocytes was found. Instead, in vivo activated monocytes promoted Th17 responses in a cell-contact dependent manner. We propose that, in @entity1 , newly recruited memory CD4(+) T cells can be induced to produce @entity4155 in nonlymphoid inflamed tissue after cell-cell interactions with activated monocytes. Our data also suggest that different pathways may be utilized for the generation of Th17 responses in situ depending on the site or route of accessory cell activation.

title: In vivo activated monocytes from the site of XXXX in @entity1 specifically promote Th17 responses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity565 is a heterogeneous disease and the relationship between airway inflammation and airway remodelling is poorly understood. We sought to define sputum mediator profiles in severe @entity748 categorised by CT-determined airway geometry and sputum differential cell counts. METHODS: In a single centre cross-sectional observational study we recruited 59 subjects with severe @entity565 that underwent sputum induction and thoracic CT. Quantitative CT analysis of the apical segment of the right upper lobe ( @entity996 ) was performed. Forty-one mediators in sputum samples were measured of which 21 mediators that were assessable in >50% of samples were included in the analyses. RESULTS: Independent of airway geometry, sputum @entity1495 and @entity1356 were elevated in those groups with a high sputum neutrophil count while sputum ICAM was elevated in those subjects with a low sputum neutrophil count. In contrast, sputum @entity14700 , @entity1192 and @entity2002 were different in groups stratified by both sputum neutrophil count and airway geometry. Sputum @entity14700 concentration was elevated in subjects with a low sputum neutrophil count and high luminal and total @entity996 area, whereas sputum @entity1192 was increased in subjects with a high sputum neutrophil count and low total @entity996 area. Sputum @entity2002 was elevated in those subjects with @entity996 luminal narrowing and in those subjects with @entity32 without luminal narrowing. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that sputum mediator profiling reveals a number of associations with airway geometry. Whether these findings reflect important biological phenotypes that might inform stratified medicine approaches requires further investigation.

title: Sputum mediator profiling and relationship to airway wall geometry imaging in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic inflammation']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present a case series of 5 @entity1 with oral @entity44 , discussing the treatment and follow-up. REPORT OF CASES: Five @entity1 (4 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ) with oral @entity44 presented at the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of a University Hospital with a reference population of 1,000,000 between 1980 and 2002. The associated lesions, clinical examination, histopathology, treatment and follow-up were registered and described. The newborns presented associated @entity600 such as @entity2419 , @entity5773 , dorso-nasal fistula and nasal dermoid cyst. In all 5 cases the @entity5 mass was excised at its base with surrounding normal tissue under general anesthesia combining conventional and electric scalpels. Histological analysis resulted in different compositions of multiple tissues typical of @entity44 . After a mean follow-up of 8 years no sign of @entity5 recurrence had been detected. CONCLUSION: @entity44 were a rare finding within a large population of newborn @entity1 . @entity5 were excised and histologically diagnosed as @entity44 . No recurrence occurred after 8 years of follow-up.

title: XXXX : a report of 5 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['bifid tongue']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Five tumors']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas', 'Teratomas']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['Oral teratomas']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare hourly administration of @entity3045 with more frequent administration of a higher cumulative dose in @entity1 with an acute exacerbation of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). METHODS: @entity1 in this pilot study were @entity1 older than 50 years who presented to the emergency department with an acute exacerbation of @entity1030 . After initial assessment and spirometry, all @entity1 received nebulized aerosols every 20 minutes. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either @entity3045 (2.5 mg) every 60 minutes for two doses, interspersed with saline aerosols every 20 minutes; or @entity3045 (2.5 mg) every 20 minutes for 2 hours. @entity1 were assessed with spirometry after 60 and 120 minutes. No other medications were administered during the course of this study. RESULTS: Eighty-six @entity1 were enrolled in the study. No statistically significant difference was found between groups in mean 1-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) at study initiation, 1 hour, or 2 hours or in the interval changes in mean FEV1. There was, however, almost twice as much improvement in FEV1 in the higher-dose group. Group hospitalization rates were similar. There were more side effects in the higher-dose group (45% versus 24%, P < .05). Among 32 @entity1 with a pretreatment FEV1 less than 20% of predicted, there was a significantly greater interval improvement in FEV1 at both 1 hour and 2 hours. CONCLUSION: This study failed to demonstrate a statistically significant advantage to use of a higher cumulative dose of @entity3045 in @entity1 with acute exacerbation of @entity1030 , possibly because of type II statistical error. There may be an advantage to more frequent dosing, particularly in @entity1 with initially severe @entity5143 , although at the expense of more frequent side effects.

title: Effect of different XXXX dosing regimens in the treatment of acute exacerbation of @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['albuterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore whether low aerobic capacity and physical activity are associated with @entity1295 , when controlling for age, gender, @entity158 and @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: In 60 individuals @entity1295 (Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue scale; @entity16408 ), disease activity (Disease Activity Score-28; DAS 28), @entity158 , physical and psychological status (Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2; AIMS 2), @entity308 (Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale; HADS), aerobic capacity and physical activity (Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-enhancing physical activity; SQUASH) were measured. Regression was performed to study the variance of @entity1295 explained by aerobic capacity and physical activity. RESULTS: Mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of @entity1 was 51.8 (SD 10.4) years and 73.3% were @entity1 . @entity66 was 10.2 (SD 0-41) years and mean disease activity score was 3.4 (SD 1.4). Mean Global Fatigue Index was 20.3 (SD 10.5). Physical function was 1.6 (SD 1.1) and psychological status 3.1 (SD 0-8) on the AIMS2. @entity158 score was 4.1 (SD 2.0) and median @entity308 score was 3.2 (range 0-15). Total amount of physical activity was 176.9 (10.6-1,492.3) METhours/week and VO2max was 27.8 (SD 3.8) ml/kg/min. Backward multiple regression showed a statistically significant relationship with @entity308 only (t   =   5.4, p   <   0.001), which explained 33% of variance of @entity1295 in @entity1 with @entity309 . CONCLUSION: @entity308 , but not aerobic capacity or physical activity, contributed to @entity1295 . However, no relationship was found between aerobic capacity and @entity1295 .

title: Low aerobic capacity and physical activity not associated with XXXX in @entity1 with @entity309 : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Duration of disease']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: The results of treatment with a combination of surgery and radiotherapy of 102 @entity1 with nonmetastatic extremity soft tissue @entity242 are reported. Seventy-nine @entity1 were previously untreated and 23 had locally recurrent disease. @entity5 were situated in the lower limb and 16 in the limb girdles. Fifty-nine were high grade lesions, and 64 were over 5 cm in length. Surgical clearance was "good" (wide or radical) in only 34 cases. Sixty-eight @entity1 received post-operative irradiation, 23 pre-operative irradiation and 11 both pre- and post-operative radiotherapy. Seventeen @entity1 subsequently developed local recurrence and 9 of these remain disease-free after further surgery. Actuarial 5 year local control and disease-free survival rates for new cases were 87 and 65.4%; and for previously recurrent cases these figures fell to 75 and 54.8%. Following a univariate analysis of @entity1 , @entity5 , surgical and radiotherapeutic factors only previous local recurrence (p less than 0.1 greater than 0.05) was found to significantly increase the risk of further local relapse. Multivariate analysis found high @entity5 grade [relative risk (RR) 8.4], @entity5 size greater than 15 cm (RR 3.66), previous local recurrence (RR 6.47) and proximal site (RR 12.7) to be independent poor risk factors for survival.

title: Treatment of XXXX with surgery and radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Sixty-six tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['extremity soft tissue sarcomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if @entity45284 ( @entity45284 ) is upregulated when lens epithelial cells (LEC) in clinical samples of @entity231 and @entity3236 ( @entity3236 ) undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like changes. We also wanted to learn if inhibition of the enzymatic activity of @entity45284 could prevent @entity3236 formation. METHODS: To ensure that EMT-like changes were occurring in LEC, real-time RT-PCR was used to examine expression of EMT markers. Clinical samples of @entity235 @entity231 and @entity3236 were examined for @entity45284 expression using immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, and real-time RT-PCR. The @entity45284 inhibitors, @entity13586 and @entity12698 , were used in an ex vivo model of @entity3236 formation, and the effects on cellular migration, proliferation, and apoptosis were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and western blots. @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) expression was examined with ELISA. RESULTS: Markers of EMT, such as lumican, Snail, @entity56169 , and @entity45284 were expressed in LEC. In clinical samples of @entity231 and @entity3236 , there was overexpression of @entity45284 protein and mRNA. Both @entity13586 and @entity12698 were effective at inhibiting @entity3236 formation in our ex vivo model. Prevention of @entity3236 with the @entity45284 inhibitors appeared to work through decreased migration and proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Neither of the drugs had a toxic effect on confluent LEC and appeared to inhibit @entity3236 through their pharmacologic action. Synthesis of @entity1421 was inhibiting in the capsules treated with the @entity45284 inhibiting drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Extracapsular phacoemulsification @entity231 surgery is the most common surgical procedure performed in @entity1 and veterinary ophthalmology. The most frequent @entity260 is @entity3236 . The LEC that remain adhered to the lens capsule undergo EMT-like changes, proliferate, and migrate across the posterior lens capsule causing @entity231 . We have shown that @entity45284 , a protein associated with EMT, is upregulated in @entity235 @entity231 and @entity3236 . Inhibiting the enzymatic activity effectively prevented EMT of LEC in our ex vivo model of @entity3236 through pharmacologic action, and not acute @entity137 . These findings indicate that using @entity45284 inhibitors in vivo may be an effective technique in preventing @entity3236 .

title: Prevention of posterior capsular opacification through XXXX inhibition.

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'opacities', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity3236 :: ('MESH:D058442', 'Disease') :: ['posterior capsule opacification', 'PCO']

answer: @entity45284 :: (442942(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience in anesthetic management for correction of @entity4924 . METHODS: A total of 79 @entity1 with @entity4924 who underwent surgical repair in our hospital during the time from March 2004 to September 2010 were retrospectively summarized for their anesthetic management. Anesthesia was done for the @entity1 undergoing correction of @entity4924 . The adults @entity1 were premedicated with intramuscular @entity1286 0.2 mg/kg and @entity3175 0.05 mg/kg. The @entity1 @entity1 were premedicated with intramuscular @entity3652 5 - 8 mg/kg and @entity3897 0.05 - 0.20 mg. General anesthesia was induced with @entity1363 0.1 - 0.2 mg/kg, @entity4671 0.2 - 0.3 mg/kg, @entity681 1.0 - 1.5   g/kg, @entity20158 or @entity3369 0.1 - 0.2 mg/kg, and maintained with @entity5161 inhalation and intermittent iv. @entity1363 and @entity681 . RESULTS: Anesthetic course was smooth. The symptom in all cases was improved significantly after operation. No @entity1 died during perioperative period. CONCLUSION: The key points for the anesthetic management of @entity4924 include precise preoperative evaluation, steady hemodynamic, proper maintenance of suitable pulmonary vascular resistance and cardiac function.

title: [Reasonable anesthetic management for correction of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfentanil']

entities_list: @entity20158 :: ('MESH:D017300', 'Chemical') :: ['pipecuronium']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ["Ebstein's anomaly"]

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity4924 :: (MESH:D004437,Disease) :: ['Ebstein's anomaly']


abstract: Although many clinical studies have evaluated plaque growth in response to positive or negative remodeling in coronary arteries using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), little is known about the associations between metabolic factors and coronary plaque growth or remodeling. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 100 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5749 who had undergone preinterventional IVUS. The characteristics of coronary plaque (plaque area [PA] and volume [ @entity4406 ]) and remodeling patterns were analyzed by IVUS. @entity1 were divided into two groups: a positive remodeling (P) group (remodeling index [RI]>1.0, n=37) and a non-positive remodeling (NP) group (RI< or =1.0, n=63). @entity1 characteristics, including age, gender, body mass index and angiographic variables, were similar between the two groups. Interestingly, plasma @entity1254 levels in the P group were significantly lower than those in the NP group. The remodeling classification was most closely associated with plasma @entity1254 levels (p=0.006) among the metabolic factors. Although there were no significant correlations between RI and %PA or % @entity4406 , and although %PA but not % @entity4406 in the P group was significantly higher than that in the NP group, % @entity4406 was significantly associated with plasma low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) and diastolic blood pressure, but not @entity1254 , in all @entity1 . In addition, higher % @entity4406 was most closely correlated with higher plasma @entity11429 (p=0.009) among metabolic factors. In conclusion, among the metabolic factors examined, plasma @entity1254 levels may be critical for arterial remodeling, while higher levels of @entity11429 may be most useful for predicting @entity4406 .

title: Associations between metabolic factors and coronary plaque growth or arterial remodeling as assessed by intravascular ultrasound in XXXX with @entity5749 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Objective : To study if Danish @entity1 with @entity2419 display lexical selectivity in their early lexicon at 18  months of age. Design : A cross-sectional study. @entity1 : Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity3384 and 35 @entity1 without @entity2419 , matched for gender and age. Methods : All @entity1 were video recorded at 18  months of age during play interaction with a parent. The video recordings were transcribed according to the International Phonetic Alphabet and an individual consonant inventory was established for each @entity1 . The video recordings were also analyzed with respect to word productions, establishing an observed productive vocabulary size for each @entity1 . Results : At 18  months of age Danish @entity1 with @entity2419 showed marked lexical selectivity in their early words. The distribution of consonant classes observed at 11  months of age in a previous study of the @entity1 with @entity2419 was almost perfectly reflected in their early lexicon at 18  months. The early lexicon of @entity1 with @entity2419 differed from the early lexicon of their noncleft peers. Conclusions and Implications : Danish toddlers with @entity2419 display lexical selectivity in the early lexicon as it has been described for English-speaking toddlers with and without @entity2419 , even though some qualitative differences were found.

title: Lexical selectivity in danish toddlers with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft palate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical data demonstrating the safety and efficacy of @entity7447 ( @entity7447 ) in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). DATA SOURCES: Pertinent literature was identified through MEDLINE (1966-January 2005) using the search terms coenzyme Q10, @entity712 , antioxidants, and oxidative stress. Only articles written in the English language and evaluating @entity1 subjects were used. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity712 impairs the ability of the heart to maintain its normal cardiac output. Following an initial insult, cardiac remodeling ensues, resulting in @entity5988 and @entity1184 . @entity66 is also increased, while @entity7447 levels are decreased in @entity1 with @entity712 . This has led to the hypothesis that @entity7447 , an antioxidant, may decrease oxidative stress, impair remodeling, and improve cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS: Large, well-designed studies on this topic are lacking. The limited data from well-designed trials indicate there may be some minor benefits with @entity7447 therapy in ejection fraction and end diastolic volume. @entity7447 therapy has been shown to be relatively safe with a low incidence of adverse effects.

title: The role of coenzyme Q10 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of the present study were to retrospectively: (1) compare how @entity353 affects the reduction of adipose tissue from three different sites between @entity1 and @entity1 ; and (2) to verify whether gender differences in the reduction of adipose tissue are influenced by changes in fat mass (FM) and initial levels of fat in different compartments. DESIGN: Double-blind randomized treatment with @entity4899 once daily coupled to a non-macronutrient specific energy restriction. SUBJECTS: Seventeen @entity28 @entity1 (age 43.9+/-1.5 and body mass index (BMI) 34.3+/-0.7) and 17 @entity28 @entity1 (age 41.2+/-1.2 and BMI 35.7+/-0.6). INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were given @entity4899 (60 mg) or placebo once daily and were also subjected to a non-macronurient specific energy restriction of -2.9 MJ/day (-700 kcal/day) for 15 weeks. RESULTS: Body weight, FM, fat-free mass (FFM), waist circumference, BMI, as well as visceral (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal (SAT) and thigh (TAT) adipose tissue were all significantly reduced. @entity1 lost significantly more VAT (-41.6%) than SAT (-22.5%), or than TAT (-20.5%) while no site difference in fat loss was observed in @entity1 when changes were calculated as a percentage of initial levels. @entity1 lost about twice as much fat from the VAT compartment than did @entity1 (P<0.05), even after having considered changes in FM as a potential covariate. In absolute values, TAT was reduced to a lesser extent in @entity1 than in @entity1 . However, when initial levels of respective fat depots were also taken into account, gender differences in VAT and TAT loss were no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that gender differences in VAT reduction during @entity353 are independent of changes in FM. However, once initial levels of VAT are also taken into account, gender differences in the reduction of this tissue during @entity353 are no longer apparent.

title: Reduction of visceral adipose tissue during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['fenfluramine']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe visual outcome and prognostic indicators in @entity2295 age-related @entity1020 with advanced @entity227 at the initiation of anti- @entity7 therapy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on a consecutive series of 1,410 @entity1 with @entity2295 age-related @entity1020 treated with anti- @entity7 therapy at the Medical College of Wisconsin. Subjects were included if at the initiation of therapy they had 20/200 or worse visual acuity (VA) with no other @entity2194 and a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The change in VA at 6 months and 12 months was assessed compared with baseline. @entity227 /worsening was defined as at least    0.3 logMAR (equivalent to 15 ETDRS [Early Treatment @entity6 Study] letters) change. Other factors for analysis included number of injections received, drug type, and various clinical and imaging findings. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one cases met the study criteria, and 97 were followed for 12 months. Baseline VA was 1.38 logMAR (20/480 Snellen equivalent). Mean VA change (logMAR) consisted of an improvement of 0.23 (P < 0.0001) at 6 months and 0.17 (P = 0.003) at 12 months. At 12 months, VA improved in 45% and worsened in 20%. Among subjects with baseline VA worse than 20/400, VA improved in 57% and worsened in 20%. On univariate analysis at either the 6 months or 12 months follow-up, visual improvement was associated with @entity5861 (P = 0.03) and subretinal fluid (P = 0.02), whereas visual worsening was associated with @entity1713 (P = 0.04) and intraretinal fluid (P = 0.01). With multivariate analysis, visual improvement was predicted by both a larger number of injections received (P = 0.001) and a poorer baseline VA (P = 0.001). Injection medication type did not influence outcome. CONCLUSION: Statistically significant visual improvement was observed in association with anti- @entity7 therapy in @entity1 with severe @entity2295 age-related @entity1020 , even in @entity1 whose initial VA was worse than that studied in large anti- @entity7 clinical trials. Numerous clinically discernable or potentially modifiable factors may influence outcome in such @entity1 .

title: NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION WITH ADVANCED VISUAL LOSS TREATED WITH ANTI- XXXX THERAPY: Clinical Outcome and Prognostic Indicators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'Visual improvement']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['visually limiting eye disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelial detachment']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR']


abstract: Short term psychotherapy is increasingly recognized as a socioeconomic necessity. Problem-oriented treatments, particularly if applied in problem-homogenous groups, are one means of economizing and sometimes even improving psychotherapy. They also require a re-evaluation of the nature of the @entity1 -therapist dyad. The "task-oriented small group" as a basic field of @entity1 interaction has been studied intensively in experimental social psychology. Nevertheless, group psychotherapy and behavior therapy have largely neglected group-specific aspects of such variables as cohesion, task-orientation, modelling, mutual self-help, risk-taking, motivation and insight. This paper outlines some recent changes in this respect, and discusses in particular the "symptomoriented peer workshop" as a treatment milieu. The general therapeutic potential of the peer workshop is briefly assessed with regard to the application of the above mentioned group variables in peer self-help groups, rehabilitation programs for the chronically hospitalized, symptom or depth-treatment in short-term psychotherapy, and in re-education programs for problem- @entity1 . The main concern is with its specific application to the treatment of @entity913 . @entity913 are comparatively easy to define, yet are often connected with other @entity1314 . This has made them a model-problem in the arguments about symptom-substitution between "psycho"- and "behavior" -therapists, and it has stimulated discussion as to how behavior-focused treatments affect cognition and emotion, and to what extend depth and insight-oriented therapies change behavior. The interaction between treated and non-treated problems, and the behavioral, cognitive and emotional effects of differential treatment ingredients are discussed with special reference to the first controlled study in behavior therapy, that applied behavior-focussed confrontation with reality (flooding in vivo) under the sociodynamics of the small gsoup. Problem-focussed retraining under real-life conditions (reality testing) as group-therapeutic fieldwork can be a means of treatment in its own right may open up the @entity1 for subsequent attempts to tackle more complex problems, or may just be an adjuvant in a multi-level approach. This certainly applies for @entity913 and can probably be generalized to other problems.

title: [Symptom-centered group therapy for XXXX --the problem-oriented workshop in psychotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality problems']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['Phobias', 'phobias']

answer: @entity913 :: (MESH:D010698,Disease) :: ['phobias']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the bronchodilating effect of @entity13265 (IB) administered by a conventional Ingelheim powder device system (IPI) and by a @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) in @entity1 and adolescents with stable @entity565 . Seventy @entity1 , aged 7 to 16 years, with stable @entity565 from our outpatient clinic were tested for bronchial responsiveness to inhaled IB. Fifteen (21%) of the 70 subjects were found to have a substantial bronchial response to inhalation of 40 micrograms IB, i.e. at least 15% increase in FEV1 30 min after inhalation; the remaining 55 subjects had less than 15% increase in FEV1. No relationship between severity of @entity565 , age or sex and bronchial responsiveness to inhaled IB was found. Among the 15 subjects who had substantial bronchial response to IB, the increase in FEV1 after inhalation of @entity7284 tended to be greater than the response to inhaled IB, although this did not reach statistical significance. Responders, i.e. subjects who had at least 15% increase in FEV1 after inhalation of IB, took part in a double-blind, cross-over study of the bronchodilating effect of 40 micrograms IB delivered by IPI and @entity4185 . We found no significant differences in the bronchodilating effect during a 6-h follow-up. Maximum bronchodilating effect of IB was reached after 30 min and the maximum response lasted for 90 min. No side or adverse effects were observed following inhalation of IB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Bronchodilating effect of @entity13265 inhalation powder and aerosol in XXXX and adolescents with stable @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'metered dose inhaler']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The evaluation of short- and long-term risk for developing @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity2513 is controversial. Good, reliable predictors of @entity5 risk in any @entity652 are currently lacking and are limited to @entity652 size, number and histologic type. In fact, the evaluation of any @entity652 or @entity75 (e.g., @entity1127 , serrated @entity652 or aberrant crypt foci) within the colorectum may be assessed by a number of techniques ranging from direct visualization through the endoscope, to microscopic assessment, and to evaluation at the molecular level. Emerging techniques may yield improved methods of @entity652 risk-assessment in the near future. For one, newer endoscopy technologies include chromoendoscopy or endocytoscopy, which now render endoscopists able to resolve the surface and subsurface mucosa at cellular resolution in vivo and in real time - thus, bringing the microscope to the @entity1 's bedside. This new era in endoscopic imaging is dubbed 'histoendoscopy'. Further, while traditional views of classifying protruding and sessile lesions include those of Haggitt, the sm-classification, the Japanese and the so-called Vienna classifications to evaluate @entity5 , the development of new molecular techniques may give way to new methods of classifying preneoplasia and @entity1613 . This review discusses some pros and cons of risk evaluation technologies in the colorectal tract by endoscopy, microscopy, and quantitative and molecular features. The morphometry-based studies performed over the past decades for the quantitative assessment of cellular and nuclear features within @entity652 have failed to yield results amenable for clinical translation and are unlikely to improve further and gain widespread use with current technology. Rather, emerging knowledge of pathway-specific markers through the outlining of a molecular classification will likely be the basis for improved detection and diagnosis. The emerging genomic and proteomic technologies allowing for noninvasive tests to detect (asymptomatic) @entity5 and @entity5 are discussed. Lastly, the importance of recognizing bias and pitfalls and the adherence to guidelines for biomarker research are addressed.

title: Endoscopy, morphology, morphometry and molecular markers: predicting XXXX risk in @entity2513 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['precancer lesion']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Tracking how clinicians treat patients provide @entity1 ortunity to explore how the clinical management of common musculoskeletal @entity85 me. We present an uncontrolled before-after study of a primary care physician's management of low back pain an @entity1643 w his involvement in an interprofessional collaborative practice was associated with a change in the management of patients with lo @entity1 ain. M @entity1643 rom the electronic medical record of one primary care physician who participated in a study of a model of chiropractic-medical collaboration were retrospectively collected. Records of a sample of consecutive patients prior t @entity1 art (i.e. pre-study, n = 51) and at the end of the collaborative study (i.e. study, n = 49) were collected. RESULTS: Demographics were similar in both groups but median number of physician visits (2.5 and 1.0), average prescriptions per patients (1.24 a @entity1 , and total number of narcotic prescriptions (14 and 6) differed between pre-study and study groups, respectively. Separate analysis of only the records of low back pain st @entity1643 reveale @entity1 1% were referred for chiropractic care during the study period. Patients who wer @entity1 ferred had more neurological def @entity51 t back pa @entity158 everity an @entity158 erage number of prescriptions was about the same. Referred patients in the @entity1 oup had about 25% fewer physician visits and imaging requests. CONCLUSION: Based on this study of a single primary care physician, we hypothesize that doctors may change their prescribing behaviours and consultation rate for patients with lo @entity1 ain wh @entity1643 interprofessional collaborative care. Further research is required to test this observation in the population.

title: Changes in primary care physician's management of XXXX in a model of interprofessional collaborative care: an uncontrolled before-after study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: A family is described in which a syndrome resembling moderately severe @entity447 was apparently inherited as an X chromosome-linked trait. In two affected individuals, the titer of functional @entity2801 varied dramatically from time to time, while the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin was impaired in no apparent relationship to AHF functional activity. A transfusion of 200 ml of fresh-frozen plasma did not correct the serum prothrombin times in either @entity1 . In vitro, the additions of 10% of normal plasma or serum or washed plain or frozen platelets also did not normalize the serum prothrombin times. No inhibitor could be demonstrated in the blood of either @entity1 . In one @entity1 , RH, dissipation of infused cryoprecipitated AHF was abnormally slow, and, after an intensive course of transfusion of cryoprecipitate and whole blood, the titer of functional AHF remained at normal levels for at least 1 wk. The plasma of RH inhibited a human antibody against AHF in proportion to its titer of functional AHF (i.e., the defect was CRM-) despite the presence of relatively greater amounts of antigenic material recognized by heterologous antiserum. No qualitative abnormality of the AHF-like material in RH's plasma was identified. Inheritance of the abnormality appears superficially to be X chromosome-linked; on this assumption, three of four obligate carriers of the disorder were recognized by the presence of excess amounts of AHF-like antigens relative to AHF functional activity. This @entity3459 has been designated @entity195 and may presage the discovery of other examples of @entity447 .

title: XXXX : variable functional dificiency of @entity2801 (factor VIII).

entities_list: @entity2801 :: ('2157', 'Gene') :: ['antihemophilic factor']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['classic hemophilia', 'hemophilia-related syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation disorder']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Heckathorn's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Heckathorn's disease']


abstract: The toad possesses several toxic substances. Toad toxin @entity4968 manifests itself primarily with digitalis-like, cardioactive effects which results in @entity1168 , varying degrees of @entity616 , @entity1165 , @entity2224 and @entity944 . We report a @entity4968 in a family who became intoxicated after ingestion of cooked toad soup for a skin problem. The youngest one (15 months old) died of refractory bradydyarrhythmias soon after arriving at our hospital. A second @entity1 (20 months old), who survived, arrived in shock with @entity4144 ( @entity972 7.3 mEq/ L) and varying degrees of @entity616 . She was successfully treated with @entity3897 , @entity3303 , and cardioversion, and had a transvenous temporary pacemaker implanted for 1 day. The third @entity1 (16 years old) had @entity4144 ( @entity972 6.3 mEq/L) and @entity1168 . The remaining three adults had only mild symptoms of @entity390 , @entity391 , watery @entity294 and a sensation of numbness over their oral mucosa. We found that the level of serum @entity972 had prognostic implications in toad intoxication. Determination of serum @entity972 level is readily available in almost every hospital and is therefore more convenient to measure than serum digoxin level. We conclude that if @entity4144 develops, the treatment of toad intoxication must be more aggressive to prevent mortality.

title: Prognostic implications of XXXX in toad toxin intoxication.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['cluster poisoning', 'poisoning']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrio-ventricular block']

answer: @entity4144 :: (MESH:D006947,Disease) :: ['hyperkalemia']


abstract: Photodynamic therapy has become an interesting alternative to conventional therapy for @entity1491 . @entity8454 is a precursor in the biosynthesis of @entity13880 that accumulates to a large extent in @entity5 tissue. We have compared in vivo @entity13880 fluorescence with the extent of @entity1491 on the face, trunk and thigh determined by histological mapping in 30 lesions in 22 @entity1 . A new non-laser based set-up was used to record the fluorescence images. @entity8454 was applied for 4 h inducing high concentrations of @entity13880 . Routine vertical histological sections and Mohs micrographic surgery were used to map the extent of the @entity5 . In 50% of lesions we found a good correlation between the fluorescence imaging and histological mapping. In 23% the correlation was partial. In the other lesions we found no correlation at all. This method may be used to delineate @entity1491 more accurately than current methods.

title: In vivo detection of XXXX using imaging spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['protoporphyrin IX']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['Delta-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Transplantation is now currently and increasingly performed for the treatment of various acute and @entity102 . Today the kidney, heart, lung, @entity8 , small bowel and bone marrow are being transplanted. The immunological status of @entity1 receiving such transplants exposes them to the risk of developing @entity364 . The etiological agents of @entity66 involving the skin of transplant recipients range from the common dermatophytes through @entity375 such as Candida spp., Malassezia spp. and dimorphic fungi to the emerging molds Fusarium spp. and Pseudallescheria boydii. The very wide spectrum of fungi causing cutaneous disease produces equally varied clinical aspects. Lesions may be typical, but are very often aspecific or ambiguous. @entity75 may be the sign of a trivial @entity66 or the marker of a disseminated, potentially lethal @entity364 , so great attention should be given to their early recognition. Cutaneous manifestations due to Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., dematiaceous fungi and @entity14663 are usually observed early after transplant, cryptococcosis more than 6 months later, while the frequency of dermatophytoses increases as time goes by. @entity8662 , @entity3218 and @entity12266 may appear any time after transplantation. The management of the more severe forms of @entity3217 in transplant recipients is difficult. Besides the fact that early recognition is not easy, there are also problems regarding the effectiveness and the @entity137 of the therapy and drug-drug interactions. Prophylactic measures to avoid fungal contamination must be performed during hospitalization; @entity1 should be taught how to avoid contamination, not only during the first period after transplantation, when high dosage immunosuppressive drugs are given, but also later when a normal lifestyle is resumed.

title: XXXX in organ transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['heart-lung, liver, pancreas, kidney-pancreas']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic disease', 'mycotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous mycosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous lesions']

entities_list: @entity14663 :: ('MESH:D005499', 'Disease') :: ['Pityrosporum folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial, viral and fungal infections', 'fungal illness']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity8662 :: ('5501', 'Species') :: ['Coccidioides immitis']

entities_list: @entity12266 :: ('5039', 'Species') :: ['Blastomyces dermatitidis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Fungal skin infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: Each of the freely available local analgesic agents may be used, alone or in combination, with or without hyaluronidase, epinephrine and @entity4388 for peribulbar @entity616 (PBA). A prospective audit of four solutions was undertaken to rationalize choice of local analgesic agent for PBA. METHODS: A randomized, prospective study on 200 middle-aged to elderly @entity1 undergoing @entity231 extraction was undertaken to compare the efficacy of: (1) @entity1341 0.5% (bup 0.5% plain); (2) @entity1341 0.5% plus hyaluronidase 100 i.u. ml-1 (bup 0.5% hyalase); (3) @entity3303 2% plus epinephrine 1:200 000 (lido 2% epi); or (4) a mixture of @entity3303 2% and @entity1341 0.5% (2:3 volume per volume mix) containing hyaluronidase 25 i.u. ml-1 (lido/bup/hyalase). A standardized deep peribulbar block technique, @entity910 scoring system (each 5 minx4), and supplemental protocol was followed. Onset of block and supplementation rates to achieve @entity910 were recorded by a blinded observer; the requirement for augmentation with topical @entity20748 or subconjunctival @entity3303 during surgery and the time from first PBA injection to the completion of surgery (the duration of surgical access) were also recorded. RESULTS: Groups (N=50) were comparable. @entity910 scores were similar after each agent at 5 min, better with lido 2% epi compared with bup 0.5% plain at 10 min (P<0.05), and better with bup 0.5% hyalase, lido 2% epi, and lido/bup/hyalase, than with bup 0.5% plain at 15 min (P<0.01, <0.01, <0.05, respectively) and at 20 min (P<0.05, <0.05, <0.025, respectively). The supplementation rate at 5 min was least with lido 2% epi, greater with bup 0.5% plain (P<0.01) and bup 0.5% hyalase (P<0.0005) and greatest with lido/bup/hyalase (P<0.0005), but similar in each group at 10, 15 and 20 min. Overall, those given lido 2% epi required the least number of supplemental injections to achieve globe @entity910 . Mean supplemental injectate volumes, augmentation rates during surgery and the durations of surgical access provided by each agent were similar. CONCLUSION: All four agents provided adequate analgesia during @entity231 extraction lasting approximately 95-100 min after PBA injection. Lido 2% epi demonstrated most rapid onset and required least number of injections to establish block. A hyaluronidase effect was evident only after 15 min in the bup 0.5% hyalase and lido/bup/hyalase groups. Bup 0.5% plain was overall the least satisfactory, and the greatest supplementation rate occurred with lido/bup/hyalase, suggesting that either lido 2% epi or bup 0.5% hyalase are the most suitable of the agents tested for this type of surgery.

title: Comparison of XXXX 2% with adrenaline, @entity1341 0.5% with or without hyaluronidase and a mixture of @entity1341 , @entity3303 and hyaluronidase for peribulbar @entity616 .

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia', 'Akinesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['block analgesia']

entities_list: @entity20748 :: ('MESH:C005298', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybuprocaine']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lignocaine']


abstract: @entity1 microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) specifically associate with the ends of growing microtubules. +TIPs are involved in many cellular processes, including mitosis, cell migration and neurite extension. Navigators are @entity1 homologues of the @entity2199 @entity54046 protein, an @entity4430 that has been linked to the migration and outgrowth of muscles, axons and excretory canals. Here we show that all three @entity1 Navigators are +TIPs, consistent with a previous study on @entity18127 ( @entity18127 ) (Martinez-Lopez et al., Mol Cell Neurosci 2005;28:599-612). Overexpression of GFP-tagged Navigators causes displacement of CAP_GLY-motif containing +TIPs, such as @entity23396 , from microtubule ends, suggesting that the Navigator-binding sites on microtubule ends overlap with those of the CAP_GLY-motif proteins. In interphase cells, @entity1 Navigators also prominently localize to centrosomes, a localization that does not depend on an intact microtubule network. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments indicate that @entity18127 associates with intracellular structures other than microtubules or centrosomes. Expression of GFP-tagged Navigators induces the formation of neurite-like extensions in non-neuronal cells, showing that Navigators can dominantly alter cytoskeletal behavior. For @entity18127 this function depends on its @entity4430 activity; it is not achieved by a classical type of MT bundling and stabilization. Combined our data suggest that Navigators are +TIPs that can reorganize the cytoskeleton to guide cell shape changes. Our data are consistent with a role for Navigators in neurite outgrowth.

title: XXXX Navigators are microtubule plus-end tracking proteins that can reorganize the cytoskeleton to induce neurite-like extensions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Mammalian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Mammalian']


abstract: The @entity1 type I interferon (IFN) receptor was characterized by ligand blotting. In this method, plasmalemma proteins or detergent-lysed whole-cell extracts from @entity1 @entity2109 cell lines were separated on @entity2975 gels and subsequently transferred onto nitrocellulose sheets. Probing the blots with 3 x 10(-10) @entity9299 -labeled recombinant @entity3027 A (125I-rIFN-alpha A) revealed an @entity3027 -binding protein with an apparent molecular mass of 95 kDa ( @entity9485 ). Performing the electrophoretic run under reducing conditions completely abrogated the signal on the blot, indicating that the type I IFN receptor contains a @entity1520 bond essential for IFN binding. Optimal binding of 125I-rIFN-alpha A occurred at pH 9. The specificity of the binding reaction was established by simultaneously adding an excess of unlabeled IFN during incubation of the blots with 125I-rIFN-alpha A. The addition of either unlabeled @entity3027 or @entity2391 , but not @entity379 , abolished the binding of 125I-rIFN-alpha A to @entity9485 . 125I- @entity379 at 1.25 x 10(-11) M bound to two proteins distinct from @entity9485 with apparent molecular mass of 92 and 87 kDa, respectively. Saturability of 125I-rIFN-alpha A binding was demonstrated by probing a constant amount of membrane proteins with increasing amounts of 125I-rIFN-alpha A. Scatchard analysis of the binding data yielded an apparent Kd of 5.4 x 10(-10) M for the immobilized type I IFN receptor. The expression of @entity9485 on @entity3027 -resistant and -sensitive cells was indistinguishable. We conclude that @entity9485 is the @entity3027 /beta receptor and that two proteins ( @entity47323 and @entity31771 ) can specifically bind @entity379 . These results indicate that ligand blotting is a versatile method for characterization of unmodified IFN receptors and IFN-receptor interaction and could also provide a new investigational approach for other cytokine receptor systems.

title: Characterization of the XXXX type I interferon receptor by ligand blotting.

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 397 cases of smooth @entity11090 of the alimentary tract were analysed. 385 were collected from the domestic literature in the recent 10 years and 12 are added by the authors. The @entity5 occurred more frequently in @entity1 40-60 years old. Diameter of the @entity5 ranged from 0.5-35 cm. The diameter of @entity1822 was larger than that of @entity2909 on an average. The ratio of benign to malignant incidence was 3.2:1. Exclusive of 204 (51.4%) cases which occurred in the esophagus, the ratio was 1.1:1 in the other 193. In the 12 cases reported by the authors, it was 1:3. In the 193 cases of the GI tract, the lesion occurred in the stomach in 50.8%, in the small intestine in 29.0%, in the colon 1.0% and in the rectum 19.2%. The three most common clinical symptoms of those in the stomach and small intestine were abdominal mass (54.3%), @entity548 (49.1%) and @entity490 (45.7%). These 12 cases reported comprised 0.019% of 62, 088 @entity1 admitted into our hospital, 0.09% of 12,678 @entity5 inpatients during the same period and 0.61% of 1,983 of @entity5 in the alimentary tract. The preoperative diagnostic accuracy of this @entity5 was low, only 7.7% of all the @entity5 . On basis of the present data, improving the preoperative diagnostic accuracy is stressed.

title: [Smooth XXXX of the alimentary tract--a review of 397 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'GI neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tumor']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity11090 :: (MESH:D019042,Disease) :: ['muscle tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dramatic responses to chemotherapy are occurring more and more frequently in @entity1 with multiple colorectal liver metastases (LMs), leading to resection. In a few @entity1 , some LMs vanish on imaging studies, remain undetected during hepatectomy, and are left in place, which defines the "missing LMs." The aim of our study was to assess the long-term outcome of such "missing LMs." @entity1 : Between January 1999 and June 2004, among 228 @entity1 treated for colorectal LMs, missing LMs were observed in 16 @entity1 . All the @entity1 were operated within 4 weeks of imaging. @entity99 ( @entity99 ) with @entity901 was administrated in 12 @entity1 (75%): seven before hepatectomy and five after. RESULTS: Overall, 69 missing LMs were diagnosed and left in place. Among the persistent LMs resected, a complete pathological response was significantly more often observed in the group with preoperative @entity99 (6 of 7), than in the group without (2 of 9, P < .02). With a mean follow-up of 51 months (24-90), missing LMs did not reappear in 10 @entity1 (62%). Adjuvant @entity99 was significantly correlated with the definitive eradication of missing LMs (P < .01), as it was not a complete pathological response. The overall 3-year survival rate of these highly selected 16 @entity1 was 94%. CONCLUSION: Colorectal LMs under chemotherapy that vanish on high-quality imaging studies, remain undetected during hepatectomy, and are left in place, are definitively cured in 62% of cases. This excellent result seems to be due to the administration of adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy and should stimulate new investigations.

title: Outcome of posthepatectomy-missing colorectal liver metastases after complete response to chemotherapy: impact of adjuvant intra-arterial hepatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HAI', 'Hepatic arterial infusion']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: @entity64 is a devastating @entity1545 that is a leading cause of @entity717 with limited treatment options. Using a @entity35 model of @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) to induce @entity2806 , we profiled microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-protein coding RNAs, in the @entity63 cortex. Many miRNAs were confirmed by qPCR to be robustly upregulated 24 hours following @entity2500 surgery including @entity55495 , miR-297a, miR-466f, miR-466h, and @entity55496 . In addition, we treated @entity2500 @entity35 with @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), a mood stabilizer and histone deacetylase inhibitor. This post-insult treatment was shown to improve @entity51 and motor performance following @entity2500 . To provide mechanistic insight into the potential targets and pathways that may underlie these benefits, we profiled miRNAs regulated following this @entity2052 treatment. Two promising post-insult @entity2052 -regulated candidates were @entity55497 and miR-885-3p. @entity55497 was also regulated by @entity2052 pre-treatment in @entity35 cortical neuronal cultures subjected to @entity26 - @entity413 deprivation, an in vitro @entity63 model. The predicted targets of these miRNAs analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified networks involved in hematological system development, cell death, and nervous system development. These predicted networks were further filtered using @entity9348 and showed significant associations with @entity16 including @entity717 , @entity179 , @entity75 , and @entity302 among others. Collectively, these data support common disease mechanisms that may be under miRNA control and provide exciting directions for further investigations aimed at elucidating the miRNA mechanisms and targets that may yield new therapies for @entity16 .

title: Post-insult @entity1092 -regulated microRNAs: potential targets for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['damage to cerebral cortex']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['adult disability', 'movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: To determine the factors that predispose the @entity1 with @entity2 to develop @entity358 , we reviewed the case records and autopsy data of 304 @entity1 who died of @entity2 in the Kyushu University Hospital between 1976 and 1990. The incidence of @entity281 was significantly higher among those treated with antineoplastic therapy and @entity288 (group 3) than in those who received antineoplastic therapy alone (group 2). The incidence of @entity281 did not differ significantly between the two groups. In some group 3 @entity1 , the administration of @entity288 for relatively short periods (less than one month) led to fatal @entity281 . Among those @entity1 with @entity2905 , the incidence of fatal @entity281 was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2, whereas the incidence of fatal @entity281 was not. In group 3, the incidence of fatal mycobacterial and nonbacterial infections did not differ significantly among those with and without @entity2905 . Thus, in @entity1 with @entity2 who were receiving antineoplastic treatment, @entity288 were more closely associated with the development and exacerbation of @entity281 than was @entity2905 . The influence of @entity288 on the development of @entity281 was not more marked than that of @entity2905 . The incidence of common @entity2348 was no higher among those @entity1 who received no antineoplastic treatment or corticosteroid (group 1), group 2, and group 3. Therefore, the local and systemic effects of the @entity2 itself are likely more important in predisposing the @entity1 to @entity2348 than are either antineoplastic agents or @entity288 .

title: XXXX in @entity1 with @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['nonbacterial infection', 'mycobacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['terminal pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Terminal pulmonary infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Recent studies have documented the safety of @entity1875 sedation for endoscopic procedures, but many endoscopists are reluctant to use @entity1875 for high-risk @entity1 because of adverse effects. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of nurse-administered @entity1875 sedation during emergency upper endoscopy for @entity1 with @entity360 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Over a period of 18 months, 120 @entity1 suffering from @entity360 received @entity1875 sedation administered by a registered nurse. Among these, 15 @entity1 were classified into American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class IV, 84 were ASA class III, and 21 were ASA class II. @entity1 without @entity360 , who also received @entity1875 during the same period and were matched for age, gender, and ASA class, served as controls. RESULTS: Endoscopic hemostasis was achieved in 98.3 % of @entity1 , and 97.5 % were satisfied with the procedure. In @entity1 with @entity360 , the rates of @entity551 (systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg) and @entity519 (peripheral @entity26 saturation < 90 %) were 8.3 % and 6.7 % respectively, values higher than those in the control group. However, neither mask ventilation nor endotracheal intubation was necessary. Although two @entity1 with @entity360 developed @entity55 , most likely due to aspiration during the procedure, they recovered within 5 days of treatment. There were no sedation-associated severe complications or mortalities. CONCLUSION: Using a strict protocol designed to protect the @entity1 's airway and cardiovascular function, nurse-administered @entity1875 sedation during emergency upper @entity344 is safe and appropriate in cases of @entity360 .

title: Efficacy and safety of nurse-administered XXXX sedation during emergency upper endoscopy for @entity360 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding', 'acute gastrointestinal bleeding', 'gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Clinical trials provide evidence that an empirical approach of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in all @entity712 @entity1 (ejection fraction </= 35%) with mild to moderate symptoms effectively reduces mortality rate as compared to the best available medical therapy. At least 50% of @entity1 , however, will succumb to a non-arrhythmic demise and over half of all @entity1 will not require device therapy over long-term follow-up. Thus, the approach of empiric implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation is costly in light of the considerable expense of device cost, implantation, and @entity1 follow-up. This review discusses the prospect of genomic medicine as an approach to assess genetic susceptibility to @entity944 in at-risk populations. RECENT FINDINGS: Through the past 10 years of primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator trials, the number of @entity1 needed to treat to prevent a @entity944 has risen from one in four @entity1 to one in 14. Although numerous clinical tests exist for stratification, they are of low positive predictive value in assessing arrhythmic risk, and have not been prospectively validated as effective strategies in identifying @entity943 -prone @entity1 . Recent data from genetic studies identifying genes responsible for @entity1164 have compiled a list of relatively common genetic variations (polymorphisms). These polymorphisms, encoding for proteins known to be involved in cardiac electrophysiology, may contribute to arrhythmic risk in the milieu of @entity712 . SUMMARY: Current clinical indications for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in primary prophylaxis of @entity1164 necessarily include a significant number of @entity1 who may not benefit. The identification of common genetic variations causing an increased risk of vulnerability to @entity943 in @entity712 @entity1 may optimize the use of medical resources through rapid identification of sub-populations at highest risk.

title: Genetic profiling as a marker for risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'sudden arrhythmic death']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ), the clinical hallmark of @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ), is absent in a significant number of subjects with causal mutations. In transgenic @entity95 that fully recapitulate the @entity1121 phenotype, reduced myocardial @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) velocities accurately identified the mutant @entity95 , even in the absence of @entity4346 . We tested whether @entity1 with @entity1121 also consistently showed reduced myocardial @entity3145 velocities, irrespective of @entity4346 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed 2D and Doppler echocardiography and @entity3145 imaging in 30 subjects with @entity1121 , 13 subjects who were positive for various mutations but did not have @entity4346 , and 30 age- and sex-matched controls (all adults; 77% @entity1 ). LV wall thickness and mass were significantly greater in @entity1121 subjects (P<0.01 versus those without @entity4346 and controls). There were no significant differences in 2D echocardiographic, mitral, and pulmonary venous flow indices between mutation-positives without @entity4346 and controls. In contrast, systolic and early diastolic @entity3145 velocities were significantly lower in both mutation-positives without @entity4346 and in @entity1121 @entity1 than in controls (P<0.001). Reduced @entity3145 velocities had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 93% for identifying mutation-positives without @entity4346 . CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial contraction and relaxation velocities, detected by @entity3145 imaging, are reduced in @entity1121 , including in those without @entity4346 . Before and independently of @entity4346 , @entity3145 imaging is an accurate and sensitive method for identifying subjects who are positive for @entity1121 mutations.

title: Tissue Doppler imaging consistently detects myocardial abnormalities in @entity1 with XXXX and provides a novel means for an early diagnosis before and independently of hypertrophy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue Doppler', 'TD']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['FHCM', 'familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Breast capsular @entity1159 formation following @entity1346 implant augmentation/reconstruction is a common complication that remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify potential biomarkers implicated in breast capsular @entity1159 formation by using, for the first time, whole genome arrays. Biopsy samples were taken from 18 @entity1 (23 breast capsules) with Baker Grade I-II (Control) and Baker Grade III-IV (Contracted). Whole genome microarrays were performed and six significantly dysregulated genes were selected for further validation with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. @entity1710 and @entity1711 was also carried out to compare the histological characteristics of control and contracted samples. Microarray results showed that aggrecan, @entity22078 ( @entity22078 ), and @entity5 @entity39 factor superfamily (ligand) member 11 were significantly down-regulated in contracted capsules; while @entity10885 , @entity12728 , and @entity687 ( @entity687 ) were significantly up-regulated. The dysregulation of aggrecan, @entity5 @entity39 factor superfamily (ligand) member 11, @entity22078 , and @entity687 was validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry confirmed an increased protein expression for @entity687 and @entity10885 in contracted capsules (p < 0.05), and decreased protein expression of @entity22078 (p < 0.05). This study has shown, for the first time, a number of unique biomarkers of significance in capsular @entity1159 formation. @entity687 and @entity22078 may serve as potential key diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic biomarkers in capsular @entity1159 formation.

title: Identification of molecular phenotypic descriptors of breast capsular XXXX formation using informatics analysis of the whole genome transcriptome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity22078 :: ('7079', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4', 'TIMP4']

entities_list: @entity10885 :: ('4321', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metallopeptidase 12']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['contracture']


abstract: There is an urgent requirement within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, regulatory authorities and academia to improve the success of molecules that are selected for clinical trials. Although absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and @entity137 (ADME/ @entity3235 ) properties are some of the many components that contribute to successful drug discovery and development, they represent factors for which we currently have in vitro and in vivo data that can be modelled computationally. Understanding the possible @entity137 and the metabolic fate of xenobiotics in the @entity1 body is particularly important in early drug discovery. There is, therefore, a need for computational methodologies for uncovering the relationships between the structure and the biological activity of novel molecules. The convergence of numerous technologies, including high-throughput techniques, databases, ADME/ @entity3235 modelling and systems biology modelling, is leading to the foundation of systems-ADME/ @entity3235 . Results from experiments can be integrated with predictions to globally simulate and understand the likely complete effects of a molecule in @entity1 . The development and early application of major components of MetaDrug (GeneGo, Inc.) software will be described, which includes rule-based metabolite prediction, quantitative structure-activity relationship models for major drug metabolising enzymes, and an extensive database of @entity1 protein-xenobiotic interactions. This represents a combined approach to predicting drug metabolism. MetaDrug can be readily used for visualising Phase I and II metabolic pathways, as well as interpreting high-throughput data derived from microarrays as networks of interacting objects. This will ultimately aid in hypothesis generation and the early triaging of molecules likely to have undesirable predicted properties or measured effects on key proteins and cellular functions.

title: Computational prediction of XXXX drug metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The role of cell cycle protein expression in @entity1469 is poorly understood. In this study we investigated the immunostaining patterns of G(1) restriction point and G(1)-S regulatory proteins @entity16262 , @entity15308 , cyclin E, @entity993 ( @entity13525 ), and the proliferation marker Ki-67 on routinely processed sections of 29 hydatidiform moles (10 partial moles and 19 complete moles, including 9 persistent moles), 7 @entity1466 , and 7 normal placentas. Ki-67 trophoblast staining decreased with increasing gestational age of the placenta, and showed maximal expression in @entity1469 . Cyclin-dependent kinase activity, as reflected by @entity15308 expression patterns, also decreased with placental maturation. @entity16262 was uniquely expressed by trophoblasts of moles and @entity1466 . Cyclin E was maximally expressed by complete moles and @entity1466 , and showed an inverse relationship with the @entity13525 ). Abnormal trophoblastic proliferations may be mediated through interactions of @entity15308 , @entity16262 , cyclin E, and @entity993 ( @entity13525 ). Overexpression of cyclin E was associated with more @entity146 forms of @entity1469 . However, we did not find distinguishing features between complete moles that spontaneously resolved after evacuation and persistent moles that required chemotherapy. The different expression patterns of cyclin E and @entity16262 in partial and complete moles may be useful in distinguishing these two entities. Furthermore, loss of @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) in malignant trophoblast may represent a necessary step in the development of @entity1466 .

title: Immunohistochemical expression of cell cycle proteins @entity16262 , @entity15308 , Cyclin E, XXXX ( @entity13525 ), and Ki-67 in normal placenta and @entity1469 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinomas', 'choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity13525 :: ('1027', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1', 'kip1']

answer: @entity993 :: (10671,Gene) :: ['p27']


abstract: @entity5723 ( @entity5723 , @entity5723 , @entity9348 ) is a volatile solvent widely used in domestic or industrial environments and reported as innocuous in various test systems. The aim of this work was to search for in vivo genotoxic effects of @entity9348 in @entity238 , studying its ability to induce @entity29191 ( @entity29191 ) in females, sex linked recessive lethals (SLRL) in males, and somatic mutation and/or recombination (SMART) in larvae. Treatments were acute (60min) and were administered via inhalation. @entity9348 had low @entity137 in adult flies (75% @entity9348 mortality index, MI=12.7% (females) and 2.6% (males)) and larvae (MI=14.3%, 75% @entity9348 ). Female fertility was severely affected during the first 24h (brood I, BI) after treatment, but, afterwards, control values were recovered. @entity9348 induced a 50-fold @entity101 (%) in 24h old females, and a six-fold rise in 4-5 d old BI offspring. Nondisjunction frequencies (%) in the offspring of broods II to V (24h in each case) were similar to control values. @entity9348 doses of 25% and 50% (v/v), tested in 24h old females, showed a significant dose-dependent @entity101 (%)in BI only, with control values in subsequent broods. Flies gave normal offspring when kept in regular media for 24h before mating. The eye spot test (SMART) showed a significant increase at 50% @entity9348 (p<0.05, m=2), but the response was not dose-dependent. @entity9348 failed to induce SLRL in any of the spermatogenesis stages tested. These findings suggest that the main effect of @entity9348 is to induce chromosomal malsegregation; @entity9348 must be present at the resumption of M-phase I after fertilization, to exert these effects. The @entity167 does not affect DNA directly, but perturbations of the nuclear membrane may be responsible for induction of @entity29191 .

title: Genotoxic damage induced by XXXX in germinal and somatic cells of @entity238 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase of ND']

entities_list: @entity29191 :: ('MESH:D009630', 'Disease') :: ['nondisjunction', 'ND']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['Isopropanol', '2-propanol', 'isopropyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity5723 :: (MESH:D019840,Chemical) :: ['isopropanol']